gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Receptor Chimeras Indicate That the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) Modulates Mitogenic Activity of VEGFR-2 in Endothelial Cells (2000)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) provokes angiogenesis in vivo and stimulates growth and differentiation of endothelial cells in vitro. Although VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) and VEGFR-2 are known to be high affinity receptors for VEGF, it is not clear which of the VEGFRs are responsible for the transmission of the diverse biological responses of VEGF. For this purpose we have constructed a chimeric receptor for VEGFR-1 (CTR) and VEGFR-2 (CKR) in which the extracellular domain of each receptor was replaced with the extracellular domain of human colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), and these receptors were expressed in pig aortic endothelial (PAE) cells. We show that CKR individually expressed in PAE cells is readily tyrosine-phosphorylated in vivo, autophosphorylated in vitro, and stimulates cell proliferation in a CSF-1-dependent manner. In contrast, CTR individually expressed in PAE cells showed no significant in vivo, in vitro tyrosine phosphorylation and cell growth in response to CSF-1 stimulation. The kinase activity of CKR was essential for its biological activity, since mutation of lysine 866 to arginine abolished its in vivo, in vitro tyrosine phosphorylation and mitogenic signals. Remarkably, activation of CTR repressed CKR-mediated mitogen-activate protein kinase activation and cell proliferation. Similar effects were observed for VEGFR-2 co-expressed with VEGFR-1. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that VEGFR-2 activation plays a positive role in angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell proliferation. In contrast, activation of VEGFR-1 plays a stationary role in angiogenesis by antagonizing VEGFR-2 responses.
Polynomial bounds for VC dimension of sigmoidal neural networks (1995)

We introduce a new method for proving explicit upper bounds on the VC Dimension of general functional basis networks, and prove as an application, for the first time, the VC Dimension of analog neural networks with the sigmoid activation function o(y) = 1/1 + e-y to be bounded by a quadratic polynomial in the number of programmable parameters. O
Comparison of Smooth-Gel Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers with Cross-linked Bovine Collagen (2007)

BACKGROUND A new family of next-generation non-animal hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers was approved by the FDA in June 2006. Compared with other HA fillers available in the United States at the time of writing, these new fillers have a higher concentration of HA, higher concentration of cross-linked HA, and a smooth consistency—which should promote long-lasting corrections and a smooth, natural look and feel postinjection. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the effectiveness and safety of these smooth-gel HA dermal fillers with bovine collagen for nasolabial fold (NLF) correction. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 439 subjects with moderate or severe NLFs received one of three types of smooth-gel HA dermal filler (in one NLF) and cross-linked bovine collagen (in the other NLF) and were evaluated for ≤24 weeks. RESULTS All three HA dermal fillers achieved considerably longer-lasting clinical correction than bovine collagen; 81% to 90% of HA dermal filler–treated NLFs maintained a clinically significant improvement from baseline for ≥6 months. Up to 88% of subjects preferred the HA dermal fillers over bovine collagen. All fillers were similarly well tolerated. CONCLUSION The smooth-gel HA dermal fillers offer longer-lasting correction than bovine collagen—which may lessen the frequency that repeat treatments are needed. Also, they were preferred by the vast majority of subjects—which should promote patient satisfaction.
INDOLEAMINE 2, 3 - DIOXYGENASE BLOCKADE PREVENTS SPONTANEOUS LIVER ALLOGRAFT TOLEROGENICITY IN THE MOUSE. (2000)

Miki, Toshio1; Sun, Hong1; Lee, Yi-Horng1; Tandin, Alessia1; Kovscek, Annastasia M.1; Rao, Abdul S.1; Fung, John J.1; Valdivia, Luis A.1 Author Information
W-Band pulse EPR distance measurements in peptides using Gd3+–dipicolinic acid derivatives as spin labels (2011)

We present high field DEER (double electron-electron resonance) distance measurements using Gd(3+) (S = 7/2) spin labels for probing peptides' conformations in solution. The motivation for using Gd(3+) spin labels as an alternative for the standard nitroxide spin labels is the sensitivity improvement they offer because of their very intense EPR signal at high magnetic fields. Gd(3+) was coordinated by dipicolinic acid derivative (4MMDPA) tags that were covalently attached to two cysteine thiol groups. Cysteines were introduced in positions 15 and 27 of the peptide melittin and then two types of spin labeled melittins were prepared, one labeled with two nitroxide spin labels and the other with two 4MMDPA-Gd(3+) labels. Both types were subjected to W-band (95 GHz, 3.5 T) DEER measurements. For the Gd(3+) labeled peptide we explored the effect of the solution molar ratio of Gd(3+) and the labeled peptide, the temperature, and the maximum dipolar evolution time T on the DEER modulation depth. We found that the optimization of the [Gd(3+)]/[Tag] ratio is crucial because excess Gd(3+) masked the DEER effect and too little Gd(3+) resulted in the formation of Gd(3+)-tag(2) complexes, generating peptide dimers. In addition, we observed that the DEER modulation depth is sensitive to spectral diffusion processes even at Gd(3+) concentrations as low as 0.2 mM and therefore experimental conditions should be chosen to minimize it as it decreases the DEER effect. Finally, the distance between the two Gd(3+) ions, 3.4 nm, was found to be longer by 1.2 nm than the distance between the two nitroxides. The origin and implications of this difference are discussed.
Nanoscale SiGe-Channel Ultra-Thin-Body Silicon-on-Insulator P-MOSFETs (1999)

Device scaling has been successfully applied over many CMOS technology generations, resulting in consistent improvement in both device density and performance. However, new challenges are encountered in scaling conventional MOSFET structures much below 100 nm. The high channel doping concentration required to provide adequate short-channel effect (SCE) suppression results in
Induced coherence and indistinguishability in optical interference (1991)

Second-order interference is observed in the superposition of signal photons from two coherently pumped parametric down-converters, when the paths of the idler photons are aligned. The interference exhibits certain nonclassical features; it disappears when the idlers are misaligned or separated by a beam stop. The interpretation of this effect is discussed in terms of the intrinsic indistinguishability of the photon paths.
Mutagenesis of cysteine residues in the human gonadotropin alpha subunit. Roles of individual disulfide bonds in secretion, assembly, and biologic activity. (1994)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a member of a family of heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones that contain a common alpha subunit but differ in their hormone-specific beta subunits. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to examine the role of the five disulfide bonds in the alpha subunit on the folding, assembly with the hCG beta subunit, and in cases where dimer formation occurred, receptor binding and signal transduction. Cysteine residues in the disulfide bonds formed by cysteines 7-31, 10-60, 28-82, 59-87, and 32-84 (Lapthorn, A., Harris, D. Littlejohn, A., Lustbader, J. Canfield, R., Machin, K., Morgan, F., and Isaacs, N. (1994) Nature 369, 455-461) were converted to alanine, and these mutants were transfected alone or together with the wild-type hCG beta gene into Chinese hamster ovary cells. The alpha Cys-10, 28, 60, 82, and 84 mutants were not secreted and in most cases were degraded at a faster rate than the native subunit. In addition, these mutants failed to assemble with the hCG beta subunit. Mutants with alterations at alpha Cys-7, 31, 32, 59, or 87 were secreted and combined with the beta subunit. Heterodimers containing a 7-31 double mutant bound to human lutropin-chorionic gonadotropin receptor expressed in transfected human fetal kidney cells, and stimulated cAMP comparable to wild-type hCG. Dimers containing the beta subunit with either single mutant alpha 59, alpha 87, alpha 32, or the alpha 59-87 double mutant showed much lower affinity for the receptor than wild-type hCG. These results suggest that disulfide bonds associated with alpha 7, alpha 31, alpha 59, alpha 87, and alpha 32 are not essential for the alpha subunit to fold into a form that will combine with the hCG beta subunit and to produce a biologically active dimer. This contrasts with observations of the hCG beta subunit where all the disulfide bonds are required for efficient combination and folding (Suganuma, N., Matzuk, M., and Boime, I. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 19302-19307). In addition, the lack of secretion of some mutants reflects previous observations that proteins which do not fold correctly are rapidly degraded. Thus, alpha subunit mutants which fold properly are secreted and can form heterodimers.
A scalable approach to using DNN-derived features in GMM-HMM based acoustic modeling for LVCSR (2013)

We present a new scalable approach to using deep neural network (DNN) derived features in Gaussian mixture density hidden Markov model (GMM-HMM) based acoustic modeling for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR). The DNN-based feature extractor is trained from a subset of training data to mitigate the scalability issue of DNN training, while GMM-HMMs are trained by using state-of-the-art scalable training methods and tools to leverage the whole training set. In a benchmark evaluation, we used 309-hour Switchboard-I (SWB) training data to train a DNN first, which achieves a word error rate (WER) of 15.4% on NIST-2000 Hub5 evaluation set by a traditional DNN-HMM based approach. When the same DNN is used as a feature extractor and 2,000-hour “SWB+Fisher” training data is used to train the GMM-HMMs, our DNN-GMM-HMM approach achieves a WER of 13.8%. If per-conversation-side based unsupervised adaptation is performed, a WER of 13.1% can be achieved.
Graphene Coating of Silicon Nanoparticles with CO2‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (2015)

Understanding the growth of graphene over Si species is becoming ever more important as the huge potential for the combination of these two materials becomes more apparent, not only for device fabrication but also in energy applications, particularly in Li-ion batteries. Thus, the drive for the direct fabrication of graphene over Si is crucial because indirect approaches, by their very nature, require processing steps that, in general, contaminate, damage, and are costly. In this work, the direct chemical vapor deposition growth of few-layer graphene over Si nanoparticles is systematically explored through experiment and theory with the use of a reducer, H2 or the use of a mild oxidant, CO2 combined with CH4 . Unlike the case of CH4 , with the use of CO2 as a mild oxidant in the reaction, the graphene layers form neatly over the surface and encapsulate the Si particles. SiC formation is also prevented. These structures show exceptionally good electrochemical performance as high capacity anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Density functional theory studies show the presence of CO2 not only prevents SiC formation but helps enhance the catalytic activity of the particles by maintaining an SiOx surface. In addition, CO2 can enhance graphitization.
Application of low-temperature electron cyclotron resonance CVD to silicon thin-film solar cell preparation (1996)

Electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECRCVD) has been applied to deposit p- and n-doped silicon layers in crystalline and amorphous modification onto different substrates. These layers were characterized with respect to their microstructural, electrical and optoelectrical properties. Moreover they have been used as emitters in Si heterostructure solar cells and as active layers in thin-film solar cells. The obtained characteristics were related to numerical calculations based on a continuum conception concerning carrier mobility and recombination. The numerical estimations confirm that 5 /spl mu/m thick microcrystalline Si solar cells may attain efficiencies >10% if carrier mobilities >10 cm/sup 2//Vs and diffusion lengths which exceed twice the cell thickness can be supposed.
In vivo expression of perforin by CD8+ lymphocytes in autoimmune disease. Studies on spontaneous and adoptively transferred diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. (1989)

A potent cytolytic pore-forming protein (perforin or cytolysin) has previously been found to be associated with the cytoplasmic granules of CTL and NK cells. Inasmuch as all previous studies on perforin have been conducted with cultured CTL and NK cell lines, it is not clear whether perforin may play a role in the cytotoxicity mediated by CTL that have been primed in vivo. In this study, we investigated the presence of perforin in pancreata from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, which have been studied as a model of autoimmune, insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus. Whereas adult NOD mice spontaneously develop diabetes, it is possible to induce diabetes in young, irradiated NOD mice by adoptive transfer of splenocytes obtained from diabetic donors. By means of immunohistochemical analysis, we were able to detect perforin Ag in a small subpopulation of CD8+/Thy-1+/asialo GM1-/CD4- lymphocytes in the pancreatic islets of animals undergoing both spontaneous and adoptive transfer-mediated insulitis. Perforin+/CD8+ lymphocytes were found in small clusters and were observed to display the morphology of large granular lymphocytes. These observations show for the first time the presence of perforin-containing CD8+ lymphocytes in tissues of animals undergoing autoimmune disease.
Deficiency of Reproductive Tract α(1,2)Fucosylated Glycans and Normal Fertility in Mice with Targeted Deletions of the FUT1 or FUT2 α(1,2)Fucosyltransferase Locus (2001)

The fucose alpha(1-->2) galactose beta structure is expressed by uterine epithelial cells in the mouse and has been implicated in blastocyst adhesion events thought to be required for murine implantation. Fucalpha(1-->2)Galbeta moieties and cognate fucosyltransferases are also expressed by epithelial cells of the male reproductive tract and have been implicated in sperm maturation events that may contribute to fertilization. To determine directly if Fucalpha(1-->2)Galbeta moieties are required for fertility, we have generated strains of mice that are deficient in genes encoding FUT1 and FUT2, a pair of GDP-L-fucose:beta(1-->4)-D-galactosyl-R 2-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase enzymes (EC 2.4.1.69) responsible for Fucalpha(1-->2)Galbeta synthesis and expression. FUT1 null mice and FUT2 null mice develop normally and exhibit no gross phenotypic abnormalities. The Fucalpha(1-->2)Galbeta epitope is absent from the uterine epithelia of FUT2 null mice and from the epithelia of the epididymis of FUT1 null mice. Fully normal fertility is observed in FUT1 null intercrosses and in FUT2 null intercrosses. These observations indicate that Fucalpha(1-->2)Galbeta moieties are not essential to blastocyst-uterine epithelial cell interactions required for implantation and are not required for sperm maturation events that permit fertilization and that neither the FUT loci nor their cognate fucosylated glycans are essential to normal development.
Performance optimization of SOA based AJAX application (2009)

SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) and AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) address different aspects of building flexible business applications with rich user interfaces. Since AJAX is for the client side programming and SOA is for the server side programming, they complement each other. Optimal partitioning of an application between multiple machines has always been a challenge. Not much work has been done to establish best practices in arriving at how an SOA based AJAX application can be partitioned. In this paper we describe our experiences of partitioning an insurance underwriting application between client and server for performance optimization. We also outline a set of design guidelines and a four step methodology for achieving the same.
Efficacy and Safety of Sibutramine in Obese White and African American Patients With Hypertension (2000)

In obese patients with controlled hypertension, sibutramine was an effective and well-tolerated treatment for weight loss and maintenance. Sibutramine-induced weight loss resulted in improvements in serum levels of triglycerides, HDL-C, uric acid, and glucose, and in waist circumference and quality-of-life measures. Blood pressure and heart rate increased by a small amount. Efficacy and safety profiles for sibutramine among African American and white obese patients with controlled hypertension were similar.
The Yersinia YpkA Ser/Thr kinase is translocated and subsequently targeted to the inner surface of the HeLa cell plasma membrane (1996)

Multiple yop mutant strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis not expressing several virulence effector Yop proteins (YopH, M, E, K and YpkA) were engineered. When high-copy-number plasmids carrying the ypkA or the yopE gene with their endogenous promoters were introduced into the engineered strains, the corresponding Yop protein was secreted at high levels in vitro. These multiple yop mutant strains, when harbouring the yopE gene in trans, behaved as the wild-type strain with respect to YopB-dependent translocation of YopE through the HeLa cell plasma membrane. Using these multiple yop mutant strains, it was demonstrated that the YpkA Ser/Thr protein kinase mediates morphological alterations of infected cultured HeLa cells different from those mediated by YopE and YopH. Furthermore, YpkA is shown to be translocated by a YopB-dependent translocation mechanism from surface-located bacteria and subsequently targeted to the inner surface of the target-cell plasma membrane. The pattern of YpkA localization after infection suggests that this Yop effector is involved in interference with signal transduction.
Generation and screening of combinatorial peptide libraries designed for rapid sequencing by mass spectrometry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneration and screening of combinatorial peptide libraries designed for rapid sequencing by mass spectrometryR. Scott Youngquist, Gary R. Fuentes, Martin P. Lacey, and Thomas KeoughCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 14, 3900–3906Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00119a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00119a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views657Altmetric-Citations201LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
WLAN-based, indoor medical residents positioning system (2005)

This paper presents research and development of a WLAN-based, indoor, positioning system for dynamically and transparently recording medical residents location and time spent in each location. The developed system is prototyped using an increasingly popular wireless technology: IEEE 802.115 that is currently deployed in the hospitals where OU residents are trained. This paper discusses the positioning methodology, overall system architecture, and the developed software algorithms. It describes in detail the developed and prototyped system, including mobile software, positioning server, middle tiered software, and Web monitoring application. The prototype is implemented utilizing received signal strength intensity (RSSI) technique to instantaneously determine the positions of a mobile station. The developed system features many advantages: real-time information, low cost, low power consumption requirement, and transparency to the users.
Winning Back Technology Disadopters (2007)

This paper addresses the issue of winning back disadopters of an earlier generation of technology when a new technology generation appears on the market. Integrating research on innovation management, attitude strength and change, and consumer win-back, we propose a re-adoption model to predict disadopters' intentions to come back. Data were collected from 274 disadopters of earlier mobile internet generations facing the advent of 3G. We found that perceived superiority of a new technology generation, prior usage experience, and price value are significant enablers, and their influences are moderated by the reason for disadoption. These findings have significant managerial and theoretical implications.
How Does a Drug Molecule Find Its Target Binding Site? (2011)

Although the thermodynamic principles that control the binding of drug molecules to their protein targets are well understood, detailed experimental characterization of the process by which such binding occurs has proven challenging. We conducted relatively long, unguided molecular dynamics simulations in which a ligand (the cancer drug dasatinib or the kinase inhibitor PP1) was initially placed at a random location within a box that also contained a protein (Src kinase) to which that ligand was known to bind. In several of these simulations, the ligand correctly identified its target binding site, forming a complex virtually identical to the crystallographically determined bound structure. The simulated trajectories provide a continuous, atomic-level view of the entire binding process, revealing persistent and noteworthy intermediate conformations and shedding light on the role of water molecules. The technique we employed, which does not assume any prior knowledge of the binding site's location, may prove particularly useful in the development of allosteric inhibitors that target previously undiscovered binding sites.
Differential Gene Expression of Eph Receptors and Ephrins in Benign Human Tissues and Cancers (2004)

Eph/Ephrin genes are widely expressed in all adult organs with certain organ-site-specific patterns. Because their function in adult tissues remains unknown, further analysis of their role in disease may disclose new insights beyond their well-defined meaning in development.
Development of a nano‐electrospray mass spectrometry source for nanoscale liquid chromatography and sheathless capillary electrophoresis (1998)

A Fisons Quattro I electrospray ionization (ESI) source has been modified to produce stable electrospray ion currents at flow rates as low as 50 nL/min. The original counter electrode and skimmer cone lens of the Fisons ESI source have been replaced with a spherical cone lens. This improved source provides a greater range of x,y,z positioning of a stainless steel tip resulting in a stable ion signal for flow rates of 50 nL/min to 2 μL/min. A tapered stainless steel electrospray tip (50 μm i.d.) was evaluated for mass spectrometry using nano-liquid chromatography (50 μm i.d., flow rate = 120 nL/min) and sheathless capillary electrophoresis. The analysis of a nonionic surfactant, octylphenol ethoxylate, was accomplished with both nanoscale separation techniques. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.