gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Extraction of Buildings and Terrain from Aerial Images (1995)

A system has been developed to acquire, extend and refine 3D geometric site models from aerial imagery. The system hypothesizes potential building roofs in an image, automatically locates supporting geometric evidence in other images, and determines the precise shape and position of the new buildings via multi-image triangulation. Model-to-image registration techniques are applied to align new images with the site model, and model extension and refinement procedures are performed to acquire previously unseen buildings and improve the geometric accuracy of the existing 3D models. A correlation-based terrain recovery algorithm provides complementary information about the site, in the form of a digital elevation map.
Emerging Homogeneous DNA-based Technologies in the Clinical Laboratory (2001)

This review intends to give the reader a greater understanding of the various technologies available for performing homogeneous genetic testing in the clinical laboratory. Through insight into the principles and performance characteristics underlying these technologies, the end user can evaluate their value and limitations in the clinical diagnostic setting.
Effects of the serum gamma globulin fraction of patients with allergic asthma and dilated cardiomyopathy on chronotropic beta adrenoceptor function in cultured neonatal rat heart myocytes. (1987)

Spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes of newborn rats were exposed in culture to the gamma globulin fraction from the blood serum of patients with allergic asthma and dilated cardiomyopathy. The gamma globulin fraction of the asthmatics inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion the positive chronotropic response of lactate or pyruvate-treated myocytes to clenbuterol, an adrenergic agonist that acted via stimulation of beta 2 adrenoceptors. The gamma globulin fraction of the cardiomyopathic patients increased the rate of beating. This effect was stereoselectively inhibited by the beta blocker (-)-propranolol, indicating an involvement of beta adrenoceptors. The serum gamma globulin fraction from healthy persons had no effect on the beating rate. The effects of both the asthmatic and cardiomyopathic gamma globulin fractions were abolished by immunoprecipitation with antihuman gamma globulin and antihuman IgG. The chronotropic effects of the gamma globulin fraction may be attributed to the presence of autoantibodies to beta-adrenergic receptors, more specifically beta 2 receptors in the case of the asthmatics and beta 1 receptors in the case of the cardiomyopathic patients.
A Template‐Based Approach to Inhibitors of Calpain 2, 20S Proteasome, and HIV‐1 Protease (2013)

Specificity counts: A template-based approach to protease inhibitors is presented using a core macrocycle that presents a generic β-strand template for binding to protease active sites. This is then specifically functionalized at P2 , and the C and N termini to give inhibitors of calpain 2, 20S proteasome, and HIV-1 protease.
White cell depletion of red cell and pooled random‐donor platelet concentrates by filtration and residual lymphocyte subset analysis (1991)

This study comparing the relative white cell (WBC)-depleting efficiency of single and double filtration used two filters and new, sensitive, and reliable methods for performing WBC counts on WBC-depleted blood products. A single filtration of red cell (RBC) concentrates with a cotton-wool filter reduced WBC content by 98.64 percent, but the range of residual WBCs was wide, and many filtered units still contained more than the theoretical immunizing dose of 5 to 10 x 10(6) WBCs. A second filtration, however, always produced RBC units that had less than 5 x 10(6) WBCs. Although the degree of WBC depletion observed after a single filtration of a 6-unit pool of random-donor platelet concentrates was greater with a polyester filter than with the cotton-wool filter (98.92 vs. 98.14% reduction, respectively, when mean prefiltration WBC count was less than 600 x 10(6], in both cases, 25 percent of filtered products still contained greater than 5 x 10(6) WBCs; a second filtration (with the cotton-wool filter), however, produced units that were always below the immunizing dose. All double-filtered platelet concentrates had less than 10(6), and one-half had less than 10(4) residual WBCs. Platelet loss was similar with both filters (+/- 16% loss with one filtration). The effectiveness of the filters in producing products that were WBC-depleted below the immunizing dose was dependent on the prefiltration WBC content (but not on the age of the units), and it may be worthwhile to employ methods to ensure that total prefiltration WBC count of the product is less than 400 x 10(6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vaccinia Virus G4L Glutaredoxin Is an Essential Intermediate of a Cytoplasmic Disulfide Bond Pathway Required for Virion Assembly (2002)

Our previous studies provided evidence that E10R, a vaccinia virus protein belonging to the ERV1/ALR family, has a redox function and is required for virion assembly. Repression of E10R prevented the formation of intramolecular disulfide bonds of the G4L glutaredoxin, the L1R membrane protein, and the structurally related F9L protein. Here, we demonstrate an oxidation pathway (E10R(SS) --> G4L(SS) --> L1R(SS), F9L(SS)) in which G4L occupies an intermediate position. By reacting free thiols with 4-acetamido-4'-malemideylstilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, alkylated and nonalkylated disulfide-bonded forms of G4L could be resolved from each other by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The cysteines of intracellular G4L were in both disulfide and reduced forms, whereas those of E10R, L1R, and F9L and virion-associated G4L were mostly disulfide bonded. Repression of G4L expression prevented the formation of disulfide bonds in both L1R and F9L but not E10R. Both cysteines of G4L were required for L1R and F9L disulfide bond formation or for trans-complementation of virus infectivity when G4L expression was repressed. No role in the E10R-G4L redox pathway was found for O2L, a nonessential glutaredoxin encoded by vaccinia virus. We suggest that cytoplasmic G4L is a redox shuttle between membrane-associated E10R and L1R or F9L.
PORPHYRIN PHOTOSENSITIZATION AND CAROTENOID PROTECTION IN MICE; IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES (1984)

Abstract Mice made porphyric with collidine received either of the pigments beta‐carotene or canthaxanthin. When the mice were exposed to ambient light and to weekly doses of black light, the treated animals developed less skinfold thickness than did porphyric mice receiving placebo, indicating some protection from photosensitization in the mice receiving pigments. Photosensitized inhibition of succinate oxidation in liver extracts prepared from porphyric mice was also reduced in those animals that had received the pigments. A singlet oxygen‐free radical trap, DPBF, was added to the isolated epidermis of collidine‐porphyric mice which had received either beta‐carotene, canthaxanthin or placebo. The absorbance of DPBF at 415 nm in epidermis prepared from mice receiving either of the pigments decreased less after light exposure of the prepared epidermis than did the absorbance of DPBF in epidermis prepared from porphyric mice receiving placebo and similarly light exposed. These experiments suggest that the administered carotenoids quenched to some degree photochemical reactions occurring in the porphyric epidermis.
Probe of β-galactosidase structure with iodoacetate. Differential reactivity of thiol groups in wild-type and mutant forms of β-galactosidase (1978)

Carboxymethylation with 14 C-labeled iodoacetate of cysteine residues in wild-type beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli and in a defective beta-galactosidase from deletion mutant strain M15 was investigated in order to determine accessible positions in the tetrameric wild-type form and the dimeric mutant M15 protein. The extent of carboxymethylation, the effects on biological activity, antibody activation, physical stability, and the labeling of particular residues were studied. The results distinguish three groups of spatial relationships for cysteine residues in the protein, define possible regions for subunit interactions, and confirm that no cysteine residue is specifically involved in catalysis. Residue 1019 and to a lesser extent 498 are accessible in the tetrameric protein and probably represent exposed areas. In the M15 protein, these two, and three additional residues, at 76,387 and 600, were found to react significantly with reagent. One or more of the latter are suggested to be in the dimer-dimer interface. Complementation and activation by antibody are inhibited by carboxymethylation of M15 protein.
A new method for the isolation of recombinant baculovirus (1992)

An improved method for the isolation of baculovirus recombinants is described. The method involves the replication and maintenance of the baculovirus genome in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which was accomplished by the isolation of a baculovirus recombinant containing yeast ARS and CEN sequences ensuring stable replication in yeast and a URA3 selectable marker. The viral DNA maintained its ability to replicate in insect cells. An efficient and rapid selection system was set up, to isolate viral recombinants in yeast; DNA from selected yeast colonies was transfected into insect cells to obtain recombinant virus. We demonstrate the utility of this system by isolating recombinant viruses that express two different members of the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors.
Affection of Blood Calcium, Ino-Phosphorus and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Inject with Paraquat on Rats (2002)

Paraquat (N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyrrimidinium-dichlorides (PQ): ㎿ 186.6) has been used to killing verierty of hubside plants. For this study were use Sprague-dawely rats (190±10 gm) and injection 40 ㎎/㎏ BW of paraquat (LD??) to 24 hrs PQ and 4 days PQ group excepte normal control. For the measurement of blood calcium, Ino-phosphorus and activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by HITTACH 746. In serum phosphoruse of normal control were 8.0±1.2 ㎎/㎗ and 24 hrs PQ group were 8.9±1.0 ㎎/㎗ (P＜0.05) and 4 days PQ group were 8.8±0.42 ㎎/㎗ (P＜0.05). In serum phosphorus were very sensitive uptaked to 10% within only 24 hours, but 4 days of PQ were similar uptake level than 24 hrs PQ. So this 8.9 ㎎/㎗ of serum phosphorus may be thought threshold level becouse does not more encrease. In blood calcium normal of rats were measured 9.5±0.3 ㎎/㎗ and 24 hrs of PQ group were 9.9±0.51 ㎎/㎗ (uptaked 4.5%, P＞0.05). This uptake cannot fined meaning mathmatic statistics but 4 days PQ groups of calcium were 10.43±0.37 ㎎/㎗ (uptaked 10%, P＜0.05). That 24 hrs PQ groups of caclium dose not reacted sensitive to irritated by PQ. So, when use oxidants of PQ, the blood calcium and Ino-phosphorus were linear correlated uptake that reasone thought may be move out form hardness bone tissue to in blood it does not take feeding to hunger for 4 days. In ALP normal of rats were measured 991±106 unit/L. In 24 hrs irritated PQ rats were fall down by 629±91 unit/L (P＜0.001) but in 4 days of PQ rats were 792±85 unit/L (P＜0.0011) that the activity of level were mild recovered activity from 629 unit (63%) to 792 unit (80%). So, that the reasone of ALP were very sensitive activity and reverse correlated to blood calcium or phosphorus irritated by PQ.
Self-adhesive drape (Opsite) for management of leaking abdominal wounds. (2000)

Opsite drape is easy to apply on LAW, is effective in containing the effluent, and is associated with low patient morbidity.
Increased Plasma Levels of a Rapid Inhibitor of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Young Survivors of Myocardial Infarction (1985)

Certain risk factors for myocardial infarction have been linked with disturbances in fibrinolytic activity. The recent development in our laboratory of new sensitive and specific methods for determination of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity and antigen, as well as the discovery of a new rapid inhibitor of this enzyme, enabled us to study fibrinolytic function in detail in a representative population of postinfarction patients. Seventy-one patients (62 men and 9 women) who had survived a myocardial infarction before the age of 45 were compared with 50 healthy subjects of similar age, three years after the infarction. Low t-PA activity after venous occlusion, mostly explained by high plasma levels of the t-PA inhibitor and to some extent by impaired release of t-PA from the vessel wall, was a frequent finding in the patients. The level of t-PA inhibitor was positively and significantly correlated with levels of serum triglycerides. Our data suggest that reduced fibrinolytic capacity due to increased plasma levels of a rapid inhibitor of t-PA may have pathogenetic importance in myocardial infarction, particularly in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
Solid phase synthesis of mixture-based acyclic and heterocyclic small molecule combinatorial libraries from resin-bound polyamides (2001)

The development of soluble mixture-based heterocyclic combinatorial libraries derived from amino acids and peptides is described. Starting with a "toolbox" of various chemical transformations, including alkylations, reductions, acylations, and the use of a variety of bifunctional reagents, the "libraries from libraries" concept has been expanded to encompass the development of more than fifty positional scanning combinatorial libraries each composed of tens of thousands of low molecular weight acyclic and heterocyclic compounds.
Fatty acid synthase (FAS): a target for cytotoxic antimetabolites in HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. (1996)

Many human cancers express elevated levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), with correspondingly increased fatty acid synthesis and abnormal fatty acid utilization. Recent studies have shown that the FAS inhibitor, cerulenin, is selectively cytotoxic to cell lines derived from human malignancies, suggesting that those carcinoma cells are dependent upon endogenous fatty acid synthesis for growth. These data further suggest that the fatty acid synthesis pathway is a potential target for chemotherapy development. The present studies demonstrate that cerulenin cytotoxicity is mediated by fatty acid pathway inhibition. Proliferating HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cells express high levels of FAS mRNA and protein and synthesize fatty acid predominantly for membrane phospholipid. Following exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, the FAS expression in HL60 cells is abolished, fatty acid synthesis diminishes, and the cells become insensitive to cerulenin while acquiring a differentiated, macrophage-like phenotype. HL60 cells adapted to growth in serum- and fatty acid-free medium show a dose-dependent sensitivity to cerulenin, which is reversed by palmitate, the major product of FAS, indicating that cerulenin cytotoxicity is mediated through fatty acid starvation. Cells grown in the presence of exogenous fatty acid partially downmodulate FAS expression and increase mean cell volume (phospholipid mass/cell) but retain their sensitivity to cerulenin, which is reversed by 3-fold excess oleate supplementation. These results demonstrate that malignant cells can retain dependence on endogenous fatty acid synthesis and sensitivity to FAS inhibitors in the presence of physiological fatty acid levels and thus support the notion that FAS inhibitors may be useful in treating cancer in vivo.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells (2015)

The durable remission of B-cell leukemia and lymphoma following chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has brought this new form of adoptive immunotherapy to center stage with the expectation that CAR T-cell therapy may provide similar efficacy in other hematologic and solid cancers. Herein, we review recent advances in the areas of CAR design that improve CAR T-cell proliferation, engraftment, and efficacy, as well as clinical application strategies that are designed to improve clinical efficacy while reducing the risk of toxicity and broaden patient access to this promising form of cancer immunotherapy.
Pathogen Replication, Host Inflammation, and Disease in the Upper Respiratory Tract (2013)

Published ahead of print 14 January 2013



The views expressed in this Commentary do not necessarily reflect the views of the journal or of ASM.
Handbook of transcranial magnetic stimulation (2002)

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a method for stimulating the cerebral cortex through the intact skull by use of a coil delivering a rapidly changing magnetic field. It has applications in neuropsychiatric diagnosis, and in psychiatric therapy, using around one million times less energy than is required for traditional electroconvulsive therapy. Bringing together the basic science, fundamental principles, and essential practicalities of TMS, this book should prove useful to all users whether they are using the technique clinically or in research. The final two sections then bring together current up to date knowledge of applications of the technique. This handbook offers a companion to users of TMS in all departments of neurology, neurophysiology, neuropsychology, and psychiatry.
Preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity of conjugates composed of the O-specific polysaccharide of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Shiga's bacillus) bound to tetanus toxoid (1991)

The background for developing conjugate vaccines for shigellosis composed of the O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP) bound to a protein is described elsewhere (C. Y. Chu, R. Schneerson, and J. B. Robbins, submitted for publication). Briefly, there is direct evidence for type (lipopolysaccharide [LPS])-specific protection after infection with the wild type or with attenuated strains of shigellae. Prospective studies of Israeli armed forces recruits show a correlation between preexisting serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) LPS antibodies and resistance to shigellosis (D. Cohen, M. S. Green, C. Block, R. Slephon, and I. Ofek, J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:386-389, 1991). In order to elicit IgG LPS-specific antibodies to Shigella dysenteriae type 1, the O-SP of this pathogen was purified and bound to tetanus toxoid (TT) by three schemes. The most immunogenic used a modification of a published method (C. Y. Chu, R. Schneerson, J. B. Robbins, and S. C. Rastogi, Infect. Immun. 40:245-256, 1983). The resultant O-SP-TT conjugates were stable and elicited high levels of IgG O-SP antibodies and booster responses in young mice when injected subcutaneously in saline at 1/10 the proposed human dose. Adsorption onto alum or concurrent administration with monophosphoryl lipid A enhanced both the IgG and IgM antibody responses to the O-SP of the conjugate; both the nonadsorbed and adsorbed conjugates elicited higher rises of IgG than of IgM antibodies. Clinical evaluations of S. dysenteriae type 1 O-SP-TT conjugates are planned.
Conformational Study of 2,2‘-Homosubstituted 1,1‘-Binaphthyls by Means of UV and CD Spectroscopy (1999)

The dihedral angle θ of 1,1‘-binaphthyl derivatives is quantitatively related to the wavelength splitting Δλmax of the 220 nm couplet of the CD spectra. This relation is almost independent of measurement conditions (solvent, concentration). Its reliability has been quite successfully tested on about 10 compounds derived from 2,2‘-dimethyl-1,1‘-binaphthyl. A simple and versatile method for the conformational assessment of this class of compounds is reported.
Monoclonal Antibodies (2001)

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies with a unique specificity, generally made by cloning cells containing a particular antibody gene to produce a population of identical cells derived from a single cell which all produce the same antibody. This should be contrasted with polyclonal antibodies found in the serum of immunized animals, which consist of a very diverse mixture of antibodies against many different molecules.
Machine Intelligence Techniques for Next-Generation Context-Aware Wireless Networks (2018)

The next generation wireless networks (i.e. 5G and beyond), which would be extremely dynamic and complex due to the ultra-dense deployment of heterogeneous networks (HetNets), poses many critical challenges for network planning, operation, management and troubleshooting. At the same time, generation and consumption of wireless data are becoming increasingly distributed with ongoing paradigm shift from people-centric to machine-oriented communications, making the operation of future wireless networks even more complex. In mitigating the complexity of future network operation, new approaches of intelligently utilizing distributed computational resources with improved context-awareness becomes extremely important. In this regard, the emerging fog (edge) computing architecture aiming to distribute computing, storage, control, communication, and networking functions closer to end users, have a great potential for enabling efficient operation of future wireless networks. These promising architectures make the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) principles which incorporate learning, reasoning and decision-making mechanism, as natural choices for designing a tightly integrated network. Towards this end, this article provides a comprehensive survey on the utilization of AI integrating machine learning, data analytics and natural language processing (NLP) techniques for enhancing the efficiency of wireless network operation. In particular, we provide comprehensive discussion on the utilization of these techniques for efficient data acquisition, knowledge discovery, network planning, operation and management of the next generation wireless networks. A brief case study utilizing the AI techniques for this network has also been provided.
Identification of defensive compounds in metathoracic glands of adults of the stink bug Dichelops melacanthus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (2007)

The contents of metathoracic glands of adults of the stink bug Dichelops melacanthus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were analyzed. Compounds were identified by gas chromatography (GC), coupled GC-mass spectrometry and matching retention indices and mass spectra with those of authentic samples. Tridecane was the major component followed by lesser and approximately equal amounts of (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal and (E)-2-octenal. Other compounds identified include (E)-2-hexenal, decane, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, undecane, (E)-4-oxo-2-octenal, dodecane, (E)-2-octenyl acetate, 1-tridecene, tetradecane and pentadecane.