gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of composition and crystallinity of bacterial poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of composition and crystallinity of bacterial poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate)Steven Bloembergen, David A. Holden, Gordon K. Hamer, Terry L. Bluhm, and Robert H. MarchessaultCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 11, 2865–2871Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00165a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00165a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1132Altmetric-Citations335LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Population structure of Australian isolates of Streptococcus suis (1993)

The genetic diversity of 109 isolates of Streptococcus suis, which were recovered mainly from Australian pigs, was examined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. The collection was genetically diverse. Sixty-five electrophoretic types (ETs) were recognized, with a mean genetic diversity per enzyme locus of 0.512, or 0.431 when the number of isolates in each ET was considered. Serotype diversity varied, being greatest for isolates of capsular serotype 15 (0.364), and then diminishing in the order of serotypes 9, 1, 4, 1/2, 2, 7, and 3 (0.120). On average, isolates from these eight serotypes represented 4.13 separate clonal groups per serotype. This diversity indicated that serotyping of S. suis for subspecific differentiation is not a reliable technique for identifying specific strains and is not a good predictor of the genetic background of a given isolate. No tendency for isolates recovered from healthy pigs to be genetically distinct from those from diseases animals was found, nor were there consistent differences between isolates recovered from animals with different disease syndromes (meningitis, pneumonia, and septicemia). Danish reference strains of serotypes 1, 2, and 7 each belonged to one of the same clonal groupings of these types found in Australia, but Danish strains of serotypes 3, 4, 6, and 8 and a strain of serotype 1 from the United Kingdom were each genetically distinct from the Australian isolates. Generally, isolates in the same ET belonged to the same serotype, but one ET contained isolates of types 6 and 6/16, and three were made up of isolates of types 2 and 1/2. One isolate of serotype 2, which was recovered from a human with meningitis, belonged to the same ET as two isolates of serotype 2 that were recovered from pigs. The human infection was therefore likely to have been zoonotic.
Evidence of complement dysregulation in outer retina of Stargardt disease donor eyes (2020)

Stargardt macular degeneration (STGD) is a central blinding disease caused by loss of or dysfunctional ABCA4 transporter in both photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Toxic bisretinoid-lipofuscin buildup in the RPE cells is a pathological hallmark of STGD patients and its mouse model, the Abca4<sup>-/-</sup>. These vitamin A-derived fluorophores have been shown to induce oxidative stress, stimulate complement activity, and cause chronic inflammation of the RPE. In vivo modulation of complement regulatory pathway in the STGD mouse model has partially rescued the STGD phenotype suggesting that complement attack on the RPE is an important etiologic factor in disease pathogenesis. While bisretinoid-dependent complement activation was further evidenced in cultured RPE cells, this pathway has never been investigated directly in the context of RPE from STGD donor eyes. In the current study, we evaluate the complement reactivity in postmortem donor eyes of clinically diagnosed STGD patients. All three STGD donor eyes RPE displayed strong immunoreactivity for an antibody specific to 4-Hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation byproduct. Also, unlike the control eyes, all three STGD donor eyes showed significantly increased membrane attack complex deposition on the RPE cells. In STGD eyes, increased MAC accumulation was mirrored by elevated C3 fragments internalized by the RPE and inversely correlated with the levels of complement factor H, a major complement regulatory protein. Here, we report the first direct evidence of RPE complement dysregulation as a causative factor in developing Stargardt phenotype.
Fabrication of Polymer Microfluidic Devices (2001)

What microelectronics has done for information technology is being repeated in the life sciences. The process of miniaturization and the application of microsystem technologies (MST or, in the American community MEMS, for Micro-Electromechanical Systems, or Micromachine in Japan) has had a significant impact in the life sciences. Research on the human genome, the drug discovery process in the pharmaceutical industry clinical diagnostics, and analytical chemistry are experiencing rapid change due to new tools produced through miniaturization (Manz and Becker, 1998).
Cholinergic nicotinic receptors: Competitive ligands, allosteric modulators, and their potential applications (2003)

Discovery of the important role played by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in several CNS disorders has called attention to these membrane proteins and to ligands able to modulate their functions. The existence of different subtypes at multiple levels has complicated the understanding of this receptor's physiological role, but at the same time has increased the efforts to discover selective compounds in order to improve the pharmacological characterization of this kind of receptor and to make the possible therapeutical use of its modulators safer. This review focuses on the structure of new ligands for nAChRs, agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators, and on their possible applications.
Burst Suppression on Processed Electroencephalography as a Predictor of Postcoma Delirium in Mechanically Ventilated ICU Patients (2014)

Time in burst suppression during coma, as measured by processed electroencephalography, was an independent predictor of prevalence and time to resolution of postcoma/post-deep sedation delirium. These findings of this single-center investigation support lighter sedation strategies.
Electronic Signatures of all Four DNA Nucleosides in a Tunneling Gap (2010)

Nucleosides diffusing through a 2 nm electron-tunneling junction generate current spikes of sub-millisecond duration with a broad distribution of peak currents. This distribution narrows 10-fold when one of the electrodes is functionalized with a reagent that traps nucleosides in a specific orientation with hydrogen bonds. Functionalizing the second electrode reduces contact resistance to the nucleosides, allowing them to be identified via their peak currents according to deoxyadenosine > deoxycytidine > deoxyguanosine > thymidine, in agreement with the order predicted by a density functional calculation.
Antitumor Effect of Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) Blockade in Humanized the NOG-MHC Double Knockout Mouse (2016)

These results suggest that NOG-dKO mice might serve as a good humanized immunotherapy model to evaluate the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody prior to the clinical treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 149-58. ©2016 AACR.
Efficient synthesis of a nucleoside-diphospho-exo-glycal displaying time-dependent inactivation of UDP-galactopyranose mutase (2004)

A short and efficient synthesis of UDP-exo-galactofuranosyl-glycal is presented. This molecule displayed an interesting time-dependent inactivation of UDP-galactopyranose mutase, an essential enzyme of the mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis.
The priming of seeds: investigations into a method of priming large quantities of seeds using salt solutions (2009)

Seed priming, which involves the hydration of seeds in an osmotic solution before sowing, produces seeds with improved germination performance. This study was aimed at optimizing the priming of tomato, carrot, onion and sorghum seeds by a method which could be readily scaled up for commercial use. -- Initially, to determine appropriate priming solutions, the germination responses of the four species to a range of osmotic potentials from 0 to -1.75 MPa in a range of osmotica - K₂HPO₄, K₃P0₄, KN0₃, K₂HPO₄ + KN0₃, K₃P0₄ + KN0₃ and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) - were investigated. -- The most effective priming treatment was shown to be one in which the osmoticum prevented germination without being toxi c, at a high osmotic potential. There were marked interactions between species, osmotic potential and the osmoticum used for priming. Tomato seeds were readily primed in any of the series of salt or PEG solutions . All of the solutions tried were adequate for carrot seeds. Onion seeds could be primed in either K₂HPO₄, K₃P0₄ or PEG solutions; however, all solutions were toxic to sorghum seeds or failed to prevent germination. -- The selected priming treatment was further optimized by experiments that investigated the influence of duration and temperature of priming. Priming at a lower temperature for a longer time was more beneficial than at higher temperatures. However, priming for too long a period was found to have adverse effects . Tomato seeds showed improved performance after priming for 16 t o 18 days at 15 C whereas for carrot seeds a duration of 8 to 10 days was adequate, but prolonged treatment led to reduced germination percentages. Columns of aerated solutions were found to be suitable for the priming of large quantities of tomato and carrot seeds. Air-drying of primed tomato and carrot seeds was possible without loss of germinability or priming effect. -- Limited field experiments at Yanco Agricultural Research Centre showed that primed tomato and carrot seeds emerged twice as fast as untreated seeds and had improved uniformity of emergence, particularly at low soil temperatures. These benefits from priming were maintained through to the first true leaf stage of development. -- It was concluded that it was possible to prime certain seeds in simple salt solutions by a method capable of expansion to commercial scales of operation and produce benefits to emergence which were maintained after drying to facilitate sowing using existing drilling equipment.
Identification of an Uncultivable Borrelia Species in the Hard Tick Amblyomma americanum: Possible Agent of a Lyme Disease-like Illness (1996)

Bites from the hard tick Amblyomma americanum are associated with a Lyme disease-like illness in the southern United States. To identify possible etiologic agents for this disorder, A. americanum ticks were collected in Missouri, Texas, New Jersey, and New York and examined microscopically. Uncultivable spirochetes were present in approximately 2% of the ticks. Borrelia genus-specific oligonucleotides for the flagellin and 16S rRNA genes were used for amplification of DNA. Products were obtained from ticks containing spirochetes by microscopy but not from spirochete-negative ticks. Sequences of partial genes from spirochetes in Texas and New Jersey ticks differed by only 2 of 641 nucleotides for flagellin and 2 of 1336 nucleotides for 16S rRNA. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the spirochete was a Borrelia species distinct from previously characterized members of this genus, including Borrelia burgdorferi. Gene amplification could be used to detect these spirochetes in ticks and possible mammalian hosts.
Lymphocyte Function in Autism and Rett Syndrome (1994)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 17 patients with autism were separated on a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. Patients had normal numbers of T and B cells and T cell subsets. Although CD4:CD8 ratios were normal for the whole group (2.09 +/- 0.97), 6 patients had elevated ratios (> 2.2) and 5 had decreased ratios (< 1.5). Mitogen-induced proliferation (concanavalin-A and phytohemagglutinin) was normal as was the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction for the whole group. There was an abnormally increased percentage of DR+ (activated) T lymphocytes in 11 patients. With increasing age percentage of DR+ lymphocytes decreased. No patient had interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor+ cells. Similar investigations performed on blood samples from 8 girls with Rett syndrome produced normal results. 11 of 17 autistic patients had an abnormally increased percentage of DR+ but not IL-2 receptor+ lymphocytes suggesting 'incomplete' activation, a finding which is seen in autoimmune diseases. The decrease in activated cells with increasing age suggests that there may be an autoimmune process which is more active earlier in life in a subset of autistics.
First histological observations on the incorporation of a novel calcium phosphate bone substitute material in human cancellous bone (2001)

Calcium phosphates are frequently used as bone substitute materials because of their similarity to the mineral phase of bone, absence of antigenicity, and excellent osteoconductivity. However, in most currently available mineral substitutes, resorption occurs slowly if at all. In contrast, calcium phosphate cements have shown rapid resorption and remodeling in animal studies. In two prospective studies, a novel amorphous calcium phosphate cement (Biobon) was implanted in human patients for the first time. After 2-12 months, ten biopsies were obtained from nine individuals during secondary surgical interventions, for example, for implant removal. In all specimens, partial replacement of the material by new bone was observed, while residues of the cement were still visible. Undecalcified sections revealed extensive bone formation in immediate contact to the cement without fibrous interface. Polynucleated cells and superficial lacunae were indicative of resorptive activity, but inflammatory tissue response was absent. The new bone displayed regular trabecular and osteonal patterns. The histologic findings are in accordance with the excellent biocompatibility observed in the clinical follow-up. Though still incomplete, the resorbability of this cement appears superior to sintered calcium phosphates in these biopsy specimens. Presumably this is due to its amorphous crystalline structure. Biobon merits further studies as a promising substance for bone defect reconstruction in non-stress-bearing areas.
Pore Size of Porous Hydroxyapatite as the Cell-Substratum Controls BMP-Induced Osteogenesis (1997)

To elucidate the biochemical mechanism of osteogenesis, the effect of matrix geometry upon the osteogenesis induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) was studied. A series of five porous hydroxyapatites with different pore sizes, 106-212, 212-300, 300-400, 400-500, and 500-600 microns, was prepared. A block (approximately 5 x 5 x 1 mm, 40.0 mg) of each hydroxyapatite ceramics was combined with 4 micrograms of recombinant human BMP-2 and implanted subcutaneously into the back skin of rat. Osteoinductive ability of each implant was estimated by quantifying osteocalcin content and alkaline phosphatase activity in the implant up to 4 wk after implantation. In the ceramics of 106-212 microns, the highest alkaline phosphatase activity was found 2 wk after implantation, and the highest osteocalcin content 4 wk after implantation, consistent with the results observed with particulate porous hydroxyapatite [Kuboki, Y. et al. (1995) Connect. Tissue Res. 32: 219-226]. Comparison of the alkaline phosphatase activities at 2 wk and the osteocalcin contents at 4 wk after implantation revealed that the highest amount of bone was produced in the ceramics implants with pore size of 300-400 microns. In the ceramics with smaller or larger pore sizes, the amount of bone formation decreased as the pore size deviated from 300-400 microns. The results indicated that the optimal pore size for attachment, differentiation and growth of osteoblasts and vascularization is approximately 300-400 microns. This study using chemically identical but geometrically different cell substrata is the first demonstration that a matrix with a certain geometrical size is most favorable for cell differentiation.
A space-efficient algorithm for local similarities (1990)

Existing dynamic-programming algorithms for identifying similar regions of two sequences require time and space proportional to the product of the sequence lengths. Often this space requirement is more limiting than the time requirement. We describe a dynamic-programming local-similarity algorithm that needs only space proportional to the sum of the sequence lengths. The method can also find repeats within a single long sequence. To illustrate the algorithm's potential, we discuss comparison of a 73,360 nucleotide sequence containing the human beta-like globin gene cluster and a corresponding 44,594 nucleotide sequence for rabbit, a problem well beyond the capabilities of other dynamic-programming software.
Managing Reconfigurable Resources in Heterogeneous Cores Using Portable Pre-Synthesized Templates (2007)

In this paper we consider multi-FPGAs, reconfiguration and system description portability as the processes of specifying and modeling a complete system before it is partitioned and committed to a style/flow of implementation. In the case of a high performance computing cluster employing FPGAs, the reconfigurable elements need to be dynamically re-allocated and reconfigured based on the prevailing workload at a given instance. We particularly target fast configuration and task migration in high performance computing systems, such as server farms. This paper presents a design flow, based in resource sharing across configurations on the reconfigurable devices, which can manage the resource allocation and reconfiguration quickly when resources need to be migrated between different applications. The resources shared across configuration are defined using an isomorphic-driven partitioning approach. This technique detects recurrent structures and produces a partitioned specification in which the identified clusters are instances of repeating templates in the original graph used to describe the input application. Two algorithms for regularity extraction were implemented. The performances of the algorithms were compared with regard to the size and number of regular structures identified by the two approaches, as well as the lime taken to perform their task.
The Mechanism of CD47-Dependent Killing of T Cells: Heterotrimeric Gi-Dependent Inhibition of Protein Kinase A (2003)

CD47 has been implicated in both positive and negative regulation of T cells as well as in T cell death. To clarify the role of CD47 in T cell function, we have studied the mechanism of T cell death in response to CD47 ligands, including mAb 1F7, thrombospondin-1, and a CD47 agonist peptide derived from it. CD47(-/-) Jurkat T cells (JINB8) were resistant to killing by all three ligands, indicating the essential role of CD47. Primary human T cells were also killed by CD47 ligands, but only after activation with anti-CD3. CD47-mediated cell death occurred without active caspases, DNA fragmentation, or Bcl-2 degradation. Pretreatment of Jurkat and primary T cells with pertussis toxin (PTX) prevented CD47-mediated death, indicating the involvement of G((i)alpha). Pretreatment of T cells with 8-bromo cAMP, forskolin, or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine prevented the CD47-mediated apoptosis, and 1F7 dramatically reduced intracellular cAMP levels, an effect reversed with PTX. H89 and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor peptide, a specific PKA inhibitor, prevented rescue of T cells by PTX, 8-bromo cAMP, and forskolin, indicating a direct role for one or more PKA substrates. Thus, CD47-mediated killing of activated T cells occurs by a novel pathway involving regulation of cAMP levels by heterotrimeric G((i)alpha) with subsequent effects mediated by PKA.
Preparing for memorized cello performance: the role of performance cues (2009)

An experienced cello soloist recorded her practice as she learned and memorized the Prelude from J.S. Bach’s Suite No. 6 for solo cello and gave 10 public performances over a period of more than three years. She described the musical structure, decisions about basic technique (e.g., bowing), interpretation (e.g., dynamics), and five kinds of performance cues she attended to during performance (expressive, interpretive, intonation, and basic technique separately for left and right hand). The 38 hours of practice provide the most comprehensive empirical account to date of preparation of a new piece of music for performance. The cellist repeatedly took the piece apart section-by-section and then re-integrated the sections into practice performances in each of five stages: exploration, smoothing out, listening, reworking and preparation for performance. The location of starts, stops and repetitions identified the changing focus of practice in each stage. The cellist organized her practice around the musical structure, developed interpretation before working on technique and practised memory retrieval at each stage. When she wrote out the score from memory, better recall of expressive and structural performance cues showed that they served as landmarks in a hierarchical memory retrieval organization.
Conditionally Replicating Adenoviruses Expressing Short Hairpin RNAs Silence the Expression of a Target Gene in Cancer Cells (2004)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a posttranscriptional silencing mechanism triggered by double-stranded RNA that was recently shown to function in mammalian cells. Expression of cancer-associated genes was knocked down by expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in cancer cells. By virtue of its excellent target specificity, RNAi may be used as a new therapeutic modality for cancer. The success of this approach will largely depend on efficient delivery of shRNAs to tumor cells. Tumor-selective replication competent viruses are especially suited to efficiently deliver anticancer genes to tumors. In addition, their intrinsic capacity to kill cancer cells makes these viruses promising anticancer agents per se. In this study, conditionally replicating adenoviruses were constructed encoding shRNAs targeted against firefly luciferase. These replicating viruses were shown to specifically silence the expression of the target gene in human cancer cells down to 30% relative to control virus. This finding offers the promise of using RNAi in the context of cancer gene therapy with oncolytic viruses.