gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aldol condensations of regiospecific penicillanate and cephalosporanate enolates. Hydroxyethylation at C-6 and C-7 (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAldol condensations of regiospecific penicillanate and cephalosporanate enolates. Hydroxyethylation at C-6 and C-7Frank DiNinno, Thomas R. Beattie, and B. G. ChristensenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 18, 2960–2965Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00438a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00438a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calculation of Tyre Noise Radiation with a Mixed Approach (2008)

The radiation of tyre noise is computed with a mixed integral / ray tracing approach called GRIM. It is simply an integral over the vibrating tyre, of the product of the known velocity by the full Green function which takes into account all the multiple reflections and diffraction between tyre, ground and car body. This Green function is calculated by means of a beam tracing program named ICARE, which can deal with curved surfaces and multiple diffraction. This approach makes the link between tyre models and certification points well outside the car.
A Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Vaccine Comprising Envelope Glycoproteins gpE1/gpE2 Derived from a Single Isolate Elicits Broad Cross-Genotype Neutralizing Antibodies in Humans (2013)

Although a cure for HCV is on the near horizon, emerging drug cocktails will be expensive, associated with side-effects and resistance making a global vaccine an urgent priority given the estimated high incidence of infection around the world. Due to the highly heterogeneous nature of HCV, an effective HCV vaccine which could elicit broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies has represented a major challenge. In this study, we tested for the presence of cross-neutralizing antibodies in human volunteers who were immunized with recombinant glycoproteins gpE1/gpE2 derived from a single HCV strain (HCV1 of genotype 1a). Cross neutralization was tested in Huh-7.5 human hepatoma cell cultures using infectious recombinant HCV (HCVcc) expressing structural proteins of heterologous HCV strains from all known major genotypes, 1-7. Vaccination induced significant neutralizing antibodies against heterologous HCV genotype 1a virus which represents the most common genotype in North America. Of the 16 vaccinees tested, 3 were selected on the basis of strong 1a virus neutralization for testing of broad cross-neutralizing responses. At least 1 vaccinee was shown to elicit broad cross-neutralization against all HCV genotypes. Although observed in only a minority of vaccinees, our results prove the key concept that a vaccine derived from a single strain of HCV can elicit broad cross-neutralizing antibodies against all known major genotypes of HCV and provide considerable encouragement for the further development of a human vaccine against this common, global pathogen.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors:  X-ray and Molecular Modeling Study for the Interaction of a Fluorescent Antitumor Sulfonamide with Isozyme II and IX (2006)

The X-ray crystal structure of the fluorescent antitumor sulfonamide carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC, 4.2.1.1) inhibitor (4-sulfamoylphenylethyl)thioureido fluorescein (1) in complex with the cytosolic isoform hCA II is reported, together with a modeling study of the adduct of 1 with the tumor-associated isoform hCA IX. Its binding to hCA II is similar to that of other benzesulfonamides, with the ionized sulfonamide coordinated to the Zn2+ ion within the enzyme active site, and also participating in a network of hydrogen bonds with residues Thr199 and Glu106. The scaffold of 1 did not establish polar interactions within the enzyme active site but made hydrophobic contacts (<4.5 A) with Gln92, Val121, Phe131, Val135, Leu198, Thr199, Thr200, and Pro202. The substituted 3-carboxy-amino-phenyl functionality was at van der Waals distance from Phe131, Gly132, and Val135. The bulky tricyclic fluorescein moiety was located at the rim of the active site, on the protein surface, and strongly interacted with the alpha-helix formed by residues Asp130-Val135. All these interactions were preserved in the hCA IX-1 adduct, but the carbonyl moiety of the fluorescein tail of 1 participates in a strong hydrogen bond with the guanidine moiety of Arg130, an amino acid characteristic of the hCA IX active site. This may account for the roughly 2 times higher affinity of 1 for hCA IX over hCA II and may explain why in vivo the compound specifically accumulates only in hypoxic tumors overexpressing CA IX and not in the normal tissues. The compound is in clinical studies as an imaging tool for acute hypoxic tumors.
Model checking for programming languages using VeriSoft (1997)

Verification by state-space exploration, also often referred to as "model checking", is an effective method for analyzing the correctness of concurrent reactive systems (e.g., communication protocols). Unfortunately, existing model-checking techniques are restricted to the verification of properties of models, i.e., abstractions, of concurrent systems.In this paper, we discuss how model checking can be extended to deal directly with "actual" descriptions of concurrent systems, e.g., implementations of communication protocols written in programming languages such as C or C++. We then introduce a new search technique that is suitable for exploring the state spaces of such systems. This algorithm has been implemented in VeriSoft, a tool for systematically exploring the state spaces of systems composed of several concurrent processes executing arbitrary C code. As an example of application, we describe how VeriSoft successfully discovered an error in a 2500-line C program controlling robots operating in an unpredictable environment.
Prospective comparison of subcutaneous versus intravenous administration of bortezomib in patients with multiple myeloma (2008)

This phase I study compared pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and assessed safety and efficacy of intravenous and subcutaneous administration of bortezomib. Relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients were randomized to receive bortezomib by standard intravenous bolus (n=12) or subcutaneous injection (n=12) at the recommended dose and schedule (1.3 mg/m2, days 1, 4, 8, 11; eight 21-day cycles). Plasma bortezomib concentration and percent 20S proteasome inhibition were measured at multiple time points on days 1 and 11, cycle 1. Systemic bortezomib exposure was similar between arms. As expected, mean maximum plasma concentration was lower and took longer to reach following subcutaneous administration. Overall 20S proteasome inhibition was similar between arms. Safety profile and response rate for the subcutaneous arm did not appear inferior to the intravenous arm, with good local tolerance of subcutaneous injection. Based on these exploratory findings, subcutaneous administration offers an alternative option to intravenous injection (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00291538).
Pulse simulations of a mirrored counterpropagating-QPM device (1999)

A basic mirrored counterpropagating quasi-phase-matched device is studied with a pulsed input fundamental plane wave using the method of lines and the relaxation method. Several examples are given under varying spatial pulse length to device length ratios. An approximate upper bound on the device length is established from this study for practical pulsed applications; the largest usable length is approximately the same as the spatial length of the pulse.
Visual animal biometrics: survey (2016)

Visual animal biometrics is an emerging research discipline in computer vision, pattern recognition and cognitive science. It is a promising research field that encourages new development of quantified algorithms and methodologies for representing, detection of visible features, phenotypic appearances of species, individuals and recognition of morphological and animal biometric characteristics. Furthermore, it also assists the study of animal trajectory and behaviours analysis of species. Currently, real‐world applications of visual animal biometric systems are gaining more proliferation due to a variety of applications and use, enhancement of quantity and quality of the collection of extensive ecological data and processing. However, to advance visual animal biometrics will require integration of methodologies among the scientific disciplines involved. Such valuable efforts will be worthwhile due to the enormous perspective of this approach rests with the formal abstraction of phenomics, to build well‐developed interfaces between different organisational levels of life. This study provides a comprehensive survey of visual animal biometric systems and recognition approaches for various species and individual animal based on their morphological image pattern and biometric characteristics. This comprehensive review paper encourages the multidisciplinary researchers, scientists, biologists and different research communities to design the better platforms for the development of efficient algorithms and learning models to solve the massive data processing, classification and identification of different species related problems.
Functional homology of protein kinases required for sexual differentiation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggests a conserved signal transduction module in eukaryotic organisms. (1993)

We present genetic evidence that three presumptive protein kinases of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, byr2, byr1, and spk1 that are structurally related to protein kinases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, STE11, STE7, and FUS3, respectively, are also functionally related. In some cases, introduction of the heterologous protein kinase into a mutant was sufficient for complementation. In other cases (as in a ste11- mutant of S. cerevisiae), expression of two S. pombe protein kinases (byr2 and byr1) was required to observe complementation, suggesting that byr2 and byr1 act cooperatively. Complementation in S. pombe mutants is observed as restoration of sporulation and conjugation and in S. cerevisiae as restoration of conjugation, pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest, and pheromone-induced transcription of the FUS1 gene. We also show that the S. pombe kinases bear a similar relationship to the mating pheromone receptor apparatus as do their S. cerevisiae counterparts. Our results indicate that pheromone-induced signal transduction employs a conserved set of kinases in these two evolutionarily distant yeasts despite an apparently significant difference in function of the heterotrimeric G proteins. We suggest that the STE11/byr2, STE7/byr1, and FUS3/spk1 kinases comprise a signal transduction module that may be conserved in higher eukaryotes. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that a mammalian mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, ERK2, can partially replace spk1 function in S. pombe.
Biologically Derived Conducting and Water Soluble Polyaniline (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTBiologically Derived Conducting and Water Soluble PolyanilineLynne A. Samuelson, Althea Anagnostopoulos, K. Shridhara Alva, Jayant Kumar, and Sukant K. TripathyView Author Information Science and Technology Directorate, U.S. Army Natick RD&E Center, Natick, Massachusetts 01760 Department of Chemistry and Physics and Center for Advanced Materials, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854 Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 13, 4376–4378Publication Date (Web):June 5, 1998Publication History Received19 February 1998Revised30 April 1998Published online5 June 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma980258yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma980258yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1173Altmetric-Citations158LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Absorption,Monomers,Plastics,Polymerization,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Light-driven proton or chloride pumping by halorhodopsin. (1993)

Halorhodopsin from Halobacterium halobium was purified and reconstituted with lipids from purple membranes. The resulting protein-containing membrane sheets were adsorbed to a planar lipid membrane and photoelectric properties were analyzed. Depending on light conditions, halorhodopsin acted either as a light-driven chloride pump or as a proton pump: green light caused chloride transport and additional blue light induced proton pumping. In the living cell, both to these vectorial processes would be directed toward the cytoplasm and, compared to ion transport by bacteriorhodopsin, this is an inversed proton flow. Azide, a catalyst for reversible deprotonation of halorhodopsin, enhanced proton transport, and the deprotonated Schiff base in the 13-cis configuration (H410) was identified as the key intermediate of this alternative catalytic cycle in halorhodopsin. While chloride transport in halorhodopsin is mediated by a one-photon process, proton transport requires the absorption of two photons: one photon for formation of H410 and release of a proton, and one photon for photoisomerization of H410 and re-formation of H578 with concomitant uptake of a proton by the Schiff base.
Identification of the Potential Active Site of the Signal Peptidase SipS of Bacillus subtilis (1995)

Signal peptidases remove signal peptides from secretory proteins. By comparing the type I signal peptidase, SipS, of Bacillus subtilis with signal peptidases from prokaryotes, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticular membrane, patterns of conserved amino acids were discovered. The conserved residues of SipS were altered by site-directed mutagenesis. Replacement of methionine 44 by alanine yielded an enzyme with increased activity. Two residues (aspartic acid 146 and arginine 84) appeared to be conformational determinants; three other residues (serine 43, lysine 83, and aspartic acid 153) were critical for activity. Comparison of SipS with other proteases requiring serine, lysine, or aspartic acid residues in catalysis revealed sequence similarity between the region of SipS around serine 43 and lysine 83 and the active-site region of LexA-like proteases. Furthermore, self-cleavage sites of LexA-like proteases closely resembled signal peptidase cleavage sites. Together with the finding that serine and lysine residues are critical for activity of the signal peptidase of Escherichia coli (Tschantz, W.R., Sung, M., Delgado-Partin, V.M., and Dalbey, R.E. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 27349-27354), our data indicate that type I signal peptidases and LexA-like proteases are structurally and functionally related serine proteases. A model envisaging a catalytic serine-lysine dyad in prokaryotic type I signal peptidases is proposed to accommodate our observations.
In vivo antitumor effect of CD40L-transduced tumor cells as a vaccine for B-cell lymphoma. (2002)

CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interactions play a critical role in the activationof cellular immunity. CD40L enhances the antigen presentation function of CD40-expressing B cells. We have used a murine B-cell lymphoma model (A20) to study the in vivo antitumor effect of the administration of tumor cells transduced with a recombinant adenovirus encoding CD40L (AdvCD40L). After infection with AdvCD40L, A20 tumor cells up-regulate several T-cell costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, ICAM-1, and LFA-3) and Fas expression. Animals vaccinated with irradiated tumor cells transduced with AdvCD40L are protected against a lethal dose of parental A20 tumor cells. Animals with pre-existing tumors treated with AdvCD40L-transduced tumor cells display inhibition of the tumor growth, and this treatment confers a survival advantage. In vivo depletion studies demonstrate that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells mediate the antitumor immunity provided by AdvCD40L-transduced tumor cells. These results show that genetic modification of tumor B cells with CD40L can be a useful strategy to promote systemic immunity against B-cell malignancies and provide an in vivo system to allow for additional evaluation and refinement of this approach.
Motor Cortex Stimulation (2006)

Motor cortex stimulation represents a paradigm shift in our understanding of the options available for treatment of both motor and somatosensory syndromes including central and neuropathic pain, weakness after stroke, Parkinson's disease, and tinnitus. Extensive clinical information over the past 15 years is now available on the beneficial effects on intractable central and neuropathic pain, especially facial pain. More recently, there is preclinical and clinical evidence of its benefit in treating Parkinson's disease. Clinical applications of epidural cortical stimulation in conjunction with rehabilitation to enhance recovery from motor weakness after stroke now exist. There is potential benefit suggested in the treatment of intractable tinnitus with implanted cortical electrodes. Noninvasive transcranial magnetic stimulation may also be useful to screen patients for treatment by electrode implantation in these entities. This article reviews the current status of applications of cortical stimulation in each of these areas.
Live Imaging of Cysteine-Cathepsin Activity Reveals Dynamics of Focal Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Polyp Growth (2008)

It has been estimated that up to 30% of detectable polyps in patients regress spontaneously. One major challenge in the evaluation of effective therapy of cancer is the readout for tumor regression and favorable biological response to therapy. Inducible near infra-red (NIR) fluorescent probes were utilized to visualize intestinal polyps of mice hemizygous for a novel truncation of the Adenomatous Polyposis coli (APC) gene. Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy in live mice allowed visualization of cathepsin activity in richly vascularized benign dysplastic lesions. Using biotinylated suicide inhibitors we quantified increased activities of the Cathepsin B & Z in the polyps. More than (3/4) of the probe signal was localized in CD11b(+)Gr1(+) myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and CD11b(+)F4/80(+) macrophages infiltrating the lesions. Polyposis was attenuated through genetic ablation of cathepsin B, and suppressed by neutralization of TNFalpha in mice. In both cases, diminished probe signal was accounted for by loss of MDSC. Thus, in vivo NIR imaging of focal cathepsin activity reveals inflammatory reactions etiologically linked with cancer progression and is a suitable approach for monitoring response to therapy.
In vivo selective inhibition of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 in rabbit experimental osteoarthritis is associated with a reduction in the development of structural changes (2003)

This study demonstrates that, in vivo, PD 198306, a selective inhibitor of MEK-1/2, can partially decrease the development of some of the structural changes in experimental OA. This effect was associated with a reduction in the level of phospho-ERK-1/2 in OA chondrocytes, which probably explains the action of the drug.
Quadratic electro-optic effect due to the quantum-confined Stark effect in quantum wells (1987)

We have performed a semi-empirical calculation of the refractive index changes induced by a perpendicular electric field in quantum wells. This calculation is based on experimental electroabsorption data, together with absorption sum rules that have recently been developed. We find good agreement with published experimental results. Our results are important to the development of electro-optic and high-speed electroabsorption quantum well devices.
Dynamic Control of High-speed Train Following Operation (2014)

Both safety and efficiency should be considered in high-speed train following control. The real-time calculation of dynamic safety following distance is used by the following train to understand the quality of its own following behavior. A new velocity difference control law can help the following train to adjust its own behavior from a safe and efficient steady-following state to another one if the actual following distance is greater than the safe following distance. Meanwhile, the stopping control law would work for collision avoidance when the actual following distance is less than the safe following distance. The simulation shows that the dynamic control of actual inter-train distance can be well accomplished by the behavioral adjustment of the following train, and verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of our presented methods for train following control.
Validation of a Volunteer Model of Cholera with Frozen Bacteria as the Challenge (1998)

To evaluate a standardized inoculum of Vibrio cholerae for volunteer challenge studies, 40 healthy adult volunteers were challenged at three different institutions with a standard inoculum prepared directly from vials of frozen, virulent, El Tor Inaba V. cholerae N16961, with no further incubation. Groups of 5 volunteers, with each group including 2 volunteers with blood group O, were given a dose of 10(5) CFU, and 34 of the 40 volunteers developed diarrhea (mean incubation time, 28 h). Transient fevers occurred in 15 (37.5%) of the volunteers. V. cholerae was excreted by 36 of 40 volunteers. Five additional volunteers received 10(4) CFU, and four developed diarrhea but with a lower average purging rate than required for the model. Of the 40 volunteers, 37 developed rises in their vibriocidal and antitoxin titers similar to those in previous groups challenged with freshly harvested bacteria. We conclude that challenge with frozen bacteria results in a reproducible illness similar to that induced by freshly harvested bacteria. Use of this model should minimize differences in attack rates or severity when groups are challenged at different times and in different institutions.