gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Umbrellas (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMolecular UmbrellasVaclav Janout, Marion Lanier, and Steven L. RegenView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Zettlemoyer Center for Surface Studies Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 6, 1573–1574Publication Date (Web):February 14, 1996Publication History Received25 September 1995Published online14 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja953261vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja953261vrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views581Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Conformation,Fluorescence,Hydrophobicity,Molecules,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
Gold nanoparticle single-electron transistor with carbon nanotube leads (2001)

We have used carbon nanotubes to electrically contact a 7 nm gold particle by scanning-probe manipulation. The result was a single-electron transistor showing a periodic modulation of the current as a function of gate voltage for temperatures up to ∼200 K, with the particle responsible for the main features of the electron transport. This interpretation could be verified when the particle was removed and the two nanotubes were moved into electrical contact.
Critical variables in the conversion of marrow cells to skeletal muscle (2005)

We have studied conversion of marrow cells to skeletal muscle in cardiotoxin-injured anterior tibialis muscle in a green fluorescent protein (GFP) to C57BL/6 transplantation model and ascertained that total body irradiation (TBI) with establishment of chimerism is a critical factor. Local irradiation has little effect in lower doses and was detrimental at higher doses. Whole body (1000 cGy) with shielding of the leg or a combination of 500 cGy TBI and 500 cGy local radiations was found to give the best results. In non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) recipients, we were able to show that conversion could occur without radiation, albeit at relatively lower levels. Within 3 days of cardiotoxin injury, GFP-positive mononuclear cells were seen in the muscle, and within 2 weeks GFP-positive muscle fibers were identified. Conversion rates were increased by increasing donor-cell dose. Timing of the cardiotoxin injury relative to the transplantation was critical. These studies show that variables in transplantation and injury are critical features of marrow-to-muscle conversions. Irradiation primarily effects conversion by promoting chimerism. These data may explain the differences in the literature for the frequency of marrow-to-skeletal muscle conversion and can set a platform for future models and perhaps clinical protocols.
Functional correction of neurological and somatic disorders at later stages of disease in MPS IIIA mice by systemic scAAV9-hSGSH gene delivery (2016)

The reversibility of neuropathic lysosomal storage diseases, including MPS IIIA, is a major goal in therapeutic development, due to typically late diagnoses and a large population of untreated patients. We used self-complementary adeno-associated virus (scAAV) serotype 9 vector expressing human N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (SGSH) to test the efficacy of treatment at later stages of the disease. We treated MPS IIIA mice at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 months of age with an intravenous injection of scAAV9-U1a-hSGSH vector, leading to restoration of SGSH activity and reduction of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and somatic tissues at a dose of 5E12 vg/kg. Treatment up to 3 months age improved learning ability in the Morris water maze at 7.5 months, and lifespan was normalized. In mice treated at 6 months age, behavioral performance was impaired at 7.5 months, but did not decline further when retested at 12 months, and lifespan was increased, but not normalized. Treatment at 9 months did not increase life-span, though the GAG storage pathology in the CNS was improved. The study suggests that there is potential for gene therapy intervention in MPS IIIA at intermediate stages of the disease, and extends the clinical relevance of our systemic scAAV9-hSGSH gene delivery approach.
4‐Lithio‐1‐tritylimidazole as a synthetic intermediate. Synthesis of imidazole‐4‐carboxaldehyde (1985)

Abstract Reaction of 4‐iodo‐1‐tritylimidazole with n ‐butyllithium at –79°, followed by rapid quenching of the reaction mixture with DMF, gives good yields of 1‐tritylimidazole‐4(5)‐carboxaldehyde, the isolation of which demonstrates the intermediacy of 4‐lithio‐1‐tritylimidazole. This species should be destabilized by repulsive interaction of the negative charge on C‐4 with the adjacent lone pair electrons on N‐3 (the ALP effect). The isolation of 1‐tritylimidazole‐4(5)‐carboxaldehyde in good yield and the versatility of the aldehyde functionality make 4‐lithio‐1‐tritylimidazole a useful synthetic intermediate.
Knockout and reconstitution of a functional human type I interferon receptor complex. (1994)

The functional subunits of the human Type I interferon (IFN) receptor complex have not been defined. Using site-specific recombination in a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC), we have produced a deletion within the human IFN-alpha receptor (Hu-IFN-alpha R1) gene which eliminates exon II of the gene. This deletion effectively eliminates the MHC Class I antigen induction and antiviral activity previously reported for this fully functional parental YAC clone (Soh, J., Mariano, T. M., Lim, J.-K., Izotova, L., Mirochnitchenko, O., Schwartz, B., Langer, J., and Pestka, S. (1994c) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 18102-18110). We have successfully reconstituted this activity by expression of the cDNA encoding the Hu-IFN-alpha R1 component (Uzé, G., Lutfalla, G., and Gresser, I. (1990) Cell 60, 225-234) in cells containing the YAC with this deletion. The Hu-IFN-alpha R1 subunit thus plays a critical role in the functional human Type I IFN receptor complex, whose components are encoded on this YAC. In addition, as binding of ligands is retained in the cells containing the YAC with the deletion, it is clear a second subunit encoded on the YAC is responsible for ligand binding activity. This system will now allow the identification of additional subunits involved in the response to the Type I IFNs and the functional significance of each.
A Survey of the Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (2010)

This work has been partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Spain) under the grant TEC2009-13964-C04-02 and Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio (Spain) in collaboration with CDTI and Telefonica I+D under the project Segur@ CENIT-2007 2004
Instant Notes in Molecular Biology (1997)

Instant notes in molecular biology , Instant notes in molecular biology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Modulating effect of the PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 on cisplatin in human pancreatic cancer cells (2008)

Our studies suggest that the PI3K/Akt pathway plays an important role in cisplatin resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. The augmentation of cisplatin with PI3K/Akt inhibitor may resolve the chemoresistance problem of cisplatin, and this might be a plausible strategy for achieving tolerance for chemotherapeutic agents in pancreatic cancer therapy.
Functional contribution of cysteine residues to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope (1990)

Although the envelope gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 shows considerable strain variability, cysteine residues of the envelope protein are strongly conserved, suggesting that they are important to the envelope structure. We constructed and analyzed mutants of a biologically active molecular clone of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in which different cysteines were replaced by other amino acids in order to determine their functional importance. Substitution of cysteines 296 and 331, on either side of a region recognized by type-specific neutralizing antibodies, or on either side (residues 418 and 445) of a region important for CD4 binding, resulted in noninfectious mutants. These mutants were blocked early in the viral life cycle. Their gp160 envelope precursor polypeptides were poorly cleaved, and CD4 binding was also strongly impaired. Similar substitutions in the first variable region (residue 131) or between the first and second variable regions (residue 196) also gave noninfectious mutant virus, but here the block was late in the virus life cycle; these mutants were defective for syncytium formation. Substitution of cys386, between the neutralization and CD4 binding regions, resulted in a virus which retained infectivity but which spread much more slowly than the wild type. As with the cys131 and cys196 mutants, the cys386 mutant appeared to be defective in syncytium formation. These results show that all seven of the tested cysteines are vital for envelope function and suggest that this is likely true for all envelope cysteines. The results further show that regions important for CD4 binding, proteolytic cleavage recognition, and syncytium formation are all multiple and distributed over a relatively large part of the gp120 and therefore are likely dependent on protein tertiary structure.
Enzymatic repair of an expanded genetic information system (2003)

The excision repair machinery of a thermophilic bacterium has been shown to recognize and repair an expanded genetic base pair. Native Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase will remove a mispaired natural base and replace it with a non-natural base to form an expanded base pair. In addition, DNA ligase will recognize a nick formed by polymerase between two non-natural base pairs and covalently attach the two strands, thus demonstrating complete repair of a bifurcated base-paired model duplex. These results add evidence to the idea that the cellular replication and repair machinery of an organism containing an expanded genetic alphabet could recognize and properly repair a site containing consecutive unnatural bases.
Multiple Innate Inflammatory Responses Induced after Systemic Adenovirus Vector Delivery Depend on a Functional Complement System (2006)

Excessive complement activation can result in extreme tissue damage and systemic inflammatory responses, similar to innate immune responses rapidly elicited after systemic adenovirus (Ad) injections. To determine if Ad interactions with the complement system impact upon Ad-induced innate immune responses, we injected Ad into complement-deficient, C3-knockout mice (C3-KO) or wild-type mice (WT) and quantitatively compared multiple anti-Ad innate immune responses in both strains of mice. In Ad-treated WT mice, we noted rapid increases in plasma KC levels (1 h post injection), followed by increases in IL-6, IFN-gamma, RANTES, IL-12(p40), IL-5, G-CSF, and GM-CSF and subsequently thrombocytopenia. Conversely, in Ad-treated C3-KO mice, many of these inflammatory responses were significantly blunted, including the avoidance of Ad-induced thrombocytopenia. Global liver transcriptome responses in Ad-treated WT mice were assessed by RT-PCR-validated gene array analysis and were found to be also significantly affected by the lack of complement activity in Ad-treated C3-KO mice. Finally, our results confirmed the ability of high dose Ads to transduce hepatocytes despite a lack of complement activity. In summary, Ad interactions with the mammalian complement system are significant and likely initiate and/or exacerbate many of the inflammatory responses noted after systemic Ad injections.
Intensely potent morpholinyl anthracyclines (1984)

3'-Deamino-3'-(3-cyano-4-morpholinyl)doxorubicin is a new analogue that is 100 to 1000 times more potent than doxorubicin against tumors in cell culture or in mice, that is active by intraperitoneal, intravenous, or oral dosing, and that does not produce chronic myocardial lesions in mice. This analogue was encountered in studies on the reductive alkylation of doxorubicin and daunorubicin with 2,2' - oxybis [acetaldehyde], which constructs a morpholino ring incorporating the amino N. The morpholinyl nitrile byproducts are separated by virtue of their nonbasicity from the expected morpholino derivatives. The 13-dihydro and 5-imino derivatives are also described in this important new class of anthracyclines.
Embedded Shape‐Memory Alloy Wires for Improved Performance of Self‐Healing Polymers (2008)

Abstract We report the first measurements of self‐healing polymers with embedded shape‐memory alloy (SMA) wires. The addition of SMA wires shows improvements of healed peak fracture loads by up to a factor of 1.6, approaching the performance of the virgin material. Moreover, the repairs can be achieved with reduced amounts of healing agent. The improvements in performance are due to two main effects: (i) crack closure, which reduces the total crack volume and increases the crack fill factor for a given amount of healing agent and (ii) heating of the healing agent during polymerization, which increases the degree of cure of the polymerized healing agent.
A relationship between scion bud origin and growth of white pine graft (1967)

Published as Scientific Journal Paper Series No. 6257 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.
A Novel Approach To Detect Interacting Behavior Between Hydraulic Fracture and Natural Fracture by Use of Semianalytical Pressure-Transient Model (2017)

Summary The detection of interacting behavior between the hydraulic fracture (HF) and the natural fracture (NF) is of significance to accurately and efficiently characterize an underground complex-fracture system induced by hydraulic-fracturing technology. This work develops a semianalytical pressure-transient model in the Laplace domain to detect interacting behavior between HF and NF depending on pressure-transient characteristics. Our results have shown that no matter what the flow state (compressible or incompressible flow) within a hydraulically induced fracture system, we can easily detect interacting behavior between HF and NF depending on whether the “dip” shape occurs at the formation radial-flow regime. Referring to sensitivity analysis, distance between NF and well, horizontal distance between NF and HF, and NF length are the three most sensitive factors to detect fracture-interacting behavior. Depending on interference analysis, although the pressure-transient characteristics of a pseudosteady-state dual-porosity model can interfere with our proposed methodology, the difference between our model and a pseudosteady-state dual-porosity system lies in whether the value of the horizontal line of dimensionless pressure derivative is equal to 0.5 at the formation radial-flow regime. Our work obtains some innovative insights into detecting fracture-interacting behavior, and the valuable results can provide significant guidance for refracturing operations and fracture detection in an underground fracture system.
Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. Development of a peptide substrate. (1976)

Rat liver microsomes contain a vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity that converts specific glutamyl residues of microsomal prothrombin precursor to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues. This activity has now been solubilized by treatment with Triton X-100. The pentapeptide, Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu-Val, has been synthesized; and it has been demonstrated that, in the presence of this peptide, the solubilized microsomes catalyze a vitamin K-dependent incorporation of added H14CO3- into a low molecular weight trichloroacetic acid-soluble compound. The carboxylated product has been identified as peptide-bound gamma-carboxyglutamic acid by its chemical stability during acidic and alkaline hydrolysis and by co-chromatography of an alkaline hydrolysate of the product with authentic gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. The conditions for peptide carboxylation appear to be identical with those demonstrated for precursor carboxylation.
Effective diffusivity by the gas chromatography technique: Analysis and application to measurements of diffusion of various hydrocarbons in zeolite NaY (1981)

Abstract The gas chromatography technique was applied to measurements of diffusion of n‐butane in zeolite NaY. The linear chromatography theory failed to explain these results quantitatively, and a significant system nonlinearity was demonstrated. This nonlinearity is likely associated with non‐Fickian diffusion. Order of magnitude estimates of the diffusivity could still be obtained, however. Over the range of temperatures 105 to 240°C, the n‐butane diffusivities were in the range 10 −8 to 10 −6 cm 2 /s. Similar results were obtained with n‐hexane and calculated diffusivities were about an order of magnitude smaller than the corresponding n‐butane values. In contrast, limited experiments with cyclohexane, 2, 2‐dimethylbutane, and trans ‐decalin were entirely consistent with the linear chromatography theory. At the measurement temperatures, the intracrystalline diffusion was too rapid to be detected in any of these systems. Attempts to operate at lower temperatures where diffusion might be significant were frustrated by extensive peak broadening and concomitant loss of detector response.
Amelioration of Anemia in the ICGN Mouse, a Renal Anemia Model, with a Subcutaneous Bolus Injection of Erythropoietin Adsorbed to Hydroxyapatite Matrix (2009)

The recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is used for the treatment of patients with renal anemia. However, rhEPO should be administered subcutaneously or intravenously three times a week. The repetitive injections of rhEPO result in burdens to patients. To resolve this problem, we investigated the sustaining release methods using an rhEPO-hydroxyapatite (HAp) made by spray-drying technique as the drug delivery system. Two types of rhEPO-HAp formulations were prepared; zinc (Zn) formulation and Zn and poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) formulation. These formulations were examined in genetically anemic model, ICGN (ICR-derived glomerulonephritis) mice. According to in vivo release test of rhEPO from HAp in ICGN mice, elevated plasma concentration of rhEPO could be maintained for more than 7 days. These mice showed the amelioration of anemia for more than 3 weeks post-administration without causing any side effect. In conclusion, Zn or Zn/PLA formulation of HAp was considered to be one of the useful carriers of rhEPO for long-term improvement of anemia.
Drug Metabolism and Variability among Patients in Drug Response (2005)

Differences in drug responsiveness are common, often leading to challenges in optimizing the dosage regimen for a particular patient. Recent advances provide a rational framework for understanding many interpatient differences in drug disposition and their clinical consequences. This article focuses on the cytochrome P-450 enzymes, a superfamily of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes that play an important role in oxidative drug metabolism.
Chemistry Perfumes Your Daily Life (2004)

The use of perfumes can be tracked back to many early civilizations. Historically, perfumes were composed exclusively of natural ingredients, mainly essential oils, and were reserved for the wealthiest people. The use of synthetic ingredients marked the beginning of modern perfumery at the end of the 19th century. Nowadays, perfumes are available to everyone and are present in a wide range of consumer goods. The methods used to extract perfume ingredients from their natural sources have changed over time as technology has advanced. Depending on the material, expression, distillation, and solvent extraction are the main techniques used to extract the odorant components from a natural source. Synthetic organic chemistry has provided perfumers with novel ingredients that are cheaper and more stable than many natural materials over the years. Today, more than 3000 fragrance ingredients are estimated to be available to perfumers to create a harmonious composition of head (for example, citrusy), heart (for example, fruity–floral) and base notes (for example, musky). Future developments and uses of perfume are endless and as Ernest Beaux, the perfumer who created Chanel N85, once said, "In perfumery the future lies primarily in the hands of the chemists."
Three ways to grow designs: a comparison of embryogenies for an evolutionary design problem (1999)

This paper explores the use of growth processes, or embryogenies, to map genotypes to phenotypes within evolutionary systems. Following a summary of the significant features of embryogenies, the three main types of embryogenies in Evolutionary Computation are then identified and explained: external, explicit and implicit. An experimental comparison between these three different embryogenies and an evolutionary algorithm with no embryogeny is performed. The problem set to the four evolutionary systems is to evolve tessellating tiles. In order to assess the scalability of the embryogenies, the problem is increased in difficulty by enlarging the size of tiles to be evolved. The results are surprising, with the implicit embryogeny outperforming all other techniques by showing no significant increase in the size of the genotypes or decrease in accuracy of evolution as the scale of the problem is increased. 1
The PI3K–PDK1 connection: more than just a road to PKB (2000)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) generate specific inositol lipids that have been implicated in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, survival, differentiation and cytoskeletal changes. One of the best characterized targets of PI3K lipid products is the protein kinase Akt or protein kinase B (PKB). In quiescent cells, PKB resides in the cytosol in a low-activity conformation. Upon cellular stimulation, PKB is activated through recruitment to cellular membranes by PI3K lipid products and phosphorylation by 3'-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1). Here we review the mechanism by which PKB is activated and the downstream actions of this multifunctional kinase. We also discuss the evidence that PDK1 may be involved in the activation of protein kinases other than PKB, the mechanisms by which this activity of PDK1 could be regulated and the possibility that some of the currently postulated PKB substrates targets might in fact be phosphorylated by PDK1-regulated kinases other than PKB.