gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
hCG in trophoblast tumour cells of the cell line Jeg3 and hCG isolated from amniotic fluid and serum of pregnant women carry oligosaccharides of the sialyl Lewis X and sialyl Lewis a type. (2003)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a placental hormone and marker for the differentiation process of cytotrophoblast cells to syncytial trophoblasts. It is secreted into the maternal circulation and urine. The glycoprotein hCG is also found in the serum and urine of patients with malignant trophoblastic diseases. For this study hCG was purified from pooled human mid-trimester amniotic fluid, serum and urine of pregnant women and from supernatants of trophoblast tumour cell cultures Jeg3 and BeWo by immunoadsorption chromatography with specific hCG-antibodies. The purity and identity of the isolated hCG were checked by Western blot analysis. Sialylated oligosaccharides of the Lewis type of isolated hCGs were analysed by dot blot and ELISA technique with monoclonal antibodies specific for sialyl Lewis x and sialyl Lewis a-carbohydrate epitopes. BeWo and Jeg 3 cells were additionally investigated by immunofluorescence. HCG isolated from the serum and amnion of pregnant women bear both sialyl Lewis x (sLex)-antigen and sialyl Lewis a (sLea)-antigen. The same result was observed for hCG isolated from the supernatants of the trophoblast tumour cell line Jeg3. On the contrary, hCG isolated from the supernatants of the trophoblast tumour cell line BeWo showed only a very weak expression of these antigens. HCG isolated from the urine of pregnant women was negative for both sialyl Lewis antigens. The results are discussed with respect to a possible relationship to selectin- mediated cell adhesion processes. This could play a role in the prevention of leukocyte adhesion on the foetal syncytiotrophoblast. Glycosylation of hCG in trophoblast tumour cells, on the other hand, could increase the metastatic activity of these cells.
Femtosecond Phase-and-Polarization Control for Background-Free Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (2003)

Phase-and-polarization coherent control is applied to control the nonlinear response of a quantum system. We use it to obtain high-resolution background-free single-pulse coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectra. The ability to control both the spectral phase and the spectral polarization enables measurement of a specific off-diagonal susceptibility tensor element while exploiting the different spectral response of the resonant Raman signal and the nonresonant background to achieve maximal background suppression.
A 915-MHz Far-Field Energy Harvester With −22-dBm Sensitivity and 3-V Output Voltage Based on Antenna-and- Rectifier Codesign (2019)

An ultrasensitive far-field energy harvester based on antenna-and-rectifier codesign is presented in this letter. To eliminate the lossy impedance matching section, a square loop antenna is optimized to directly connect a highly efficient cross-coupled rectifier. The product of the radiation and matching efficiencies is proposed as the optimization metric for such antenna-and-rectifier codesign. The rectifier and the power conditioning circuitry are fabricated in 180-nm CMOS technology, which requires a minimum incident power of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.2~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (−22 dBm). The optimized antenna is implemented on a Rogers substrate with an overall size of 10 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . An LED is used as the load to illustratively indicate the duty-cycled discharging of the energy harvester. A maximum operating distance of 20 m at 4-W Tx effective isotropic radiated power is demonstrated. This energy harvester can be used in remote sensing and Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications.
Appearance of colored patterns: pattern–color separability (1993)

We have measured how color appearance of square-wave bars varies with stimulus strength and spatial frequency. Observers adjusted the color of a uniform patch to match the color appearance of the bars in square-wave patterns. We used low-to-moderate square-wave patterns, from 1 to 8 cycles per degree (c/deg). The matches are not photoreceptor matches but rather are established at more central neural sites. The signals at the putative central sites obey several simple regularities. The cone contrast of the uniform patch is proportional to square-wave stimulus strength (color homogeneity) and additive with respect to the superposition of equal-frequency square waves containing different colors (color superposition). We use the asymmetric matches to derive, from first principles, three pattern-color-separable appearance pathways. The matches are explained by two spectrally opponent, spatially low-pass mechanisms and one spectrally positive, spatially bandpass mechanism. The spectral mechanisms that we derive are similar to luminance and opponent mechanisms that are derived with entirely different experimental methods.
The Biology of the Honey Bee (1987)

1. Introduction 2. The Origins and Evolutionary History of Bees 3. Form and Function: Honey Bee Anatomy 4. Development and Nutrition 5. Nest Architecture 6. The Age-Related Activities of Worker Bees 7. Other Worker Activities 8. The Chemical World of Honey Bees 9. Communication and Orientation 10. The Collection of Food 11. Reproduction: Swarming and Supersedure 12. Drones, Queens, and Mating 13. The Biology of Temperate and Tropical Honey Bees Reference Author Index Subject Index
Macrophage Depletion by Clodronate-Containing Liposomes Reduces Neointimal Formation After Balloon Injury in Rats and Rabbits (2002)

Macrophages play a pivotal role in vascular repair after mechanical arterial injury. Systemic inactivation and depletion of monocytes and macrophages by LC reduce neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis.
Multispectral imaging of formalin-fixed tissue predicts ability to generate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from melanoma (2015)

This is the first study to apply 7-color multispectral immunohistochemistry to analyze the immune environment of tumors from patients with melanoma. Assessment of the data using unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified tumors from which we were unable to generate TIL. If substantiated, this immune profile could be applied to select patients for TIL generation. Additionally, this biomarker profile may also indicate a pre-existing immune response, and serve as a predictive biomarker of patients who will respond to checkpoint blockade. We postulate that expanding the spectrum of inhibitory cells and molecules assessed using this technique could guide combination immunotherapy treatments and improve response rates.
Travel destination prediction using frequent crossing pattern from driving history (2005)

The modeling of user behavior patterns for personalized information services in mobile environments has recently become a popular research theme. Most of the research aims at predicting the user's future behavior (and/or location) by extracting frequent patterns from the history of location data sequences. However, sometimes user behavior changes according to the external information such as date, time, weather, etc., and we cannot accurately predict it based on the location data sequences alone. In this paper, we propose a new travel destination prediction method including day and time as external information. First, the user's travel history information including the location, date and time is stored. Then, from the external information, time/day categories that have correlation to the user's destination based on entropy are determined. Finally, using the categories, a destination that depends on the external information can be successfully predicted. An application of the method to data collected from a car navigation system showed possibility for an improved performance comparing to the conventional methods. Higher destination prediction accuracy during the first several minutes after user's departure was reported.
Myotrophic Activity of 19-Nortestosterone and Other Steroids Determined by Modified Levator Ani Muscle Method. (1953)

SummaryAn 8-day rat levator ani muscle assay for myotrophic activity is presented. Preliminary steroid screening results indicate that 19-nortestosterone and other 19-nor analogs of androgens promise to be effective protein-anabolic, and relatively weak androgenic agents. Using the same dose levels of 19-nortestosterone and testosterone, equal myotrophic responses were produced, yet 19-nortestosterone showed only weak androgenic activity and testosterone exhibited strong androgenic activity. Androsterone possesses relatively strong androgenic and only weak myotrophic activity.
Medicinal use of Iminosugars (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Recent pharmaceutical developments Clinical application of iminosugars as medicines Conclusions References
Locality-constrained Linear Coding for image classification (2010)

The traditional SPM approach based on bag-of-features (BoF) requires nonlinear classifiers to achieve good image classification performance. This paper presents a simple but effective coding scheme called Locality-constrained Linear Coding (LLC) in place of the VQ coding in traditional SPM. LLC utilizes the locality constraints to project each descriptor into its local-coordinate system, and the projected coordinates are integrated by max pooling to generate the final representation. With linear classifier, the proposed approach performs remarkably better than the traditional nonlinear SPM, achieving state-of-the-art performance on several benchmarks. Compared with the sparse coding strategy [22], the objective function used by LLC has an analytical solution. In addition, the paper proposes a fast approximated LLC method by first performing a K-nearest-neighbor search and then solving a constrained least square fitting problem, bearing computational complexity of O(M + K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). Hence even with very large codebooks, our system can still process multiple frames per second. This efficiency significantly adds to the practical values of LLC for real applications.
Identification of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a discriminatory marker of the hepatocyte‐secreted protein response to IL‐1β: a proteomic analysis (2005)

The liver is the major source of proteins used throughout the body for various functions. Upon injury or infection, an acute phase response (APR) is initiated in the liver that is primarily mediated by inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6. Among others, the APR is characterized by an altered protein synthetic profile. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to study the dynamics of changes in protein synthesis in hepatocytes exposed to these inflammatory cytokines. Protein profiles were quantified using image analysis and further analyzed using multivariate statistical methods. Our results indicate that IL-1beta and IL-6 each induces secreted protein responses with distinct dynamics and dose-dependence. Parallel stimulation by IL-1beta and IL-6 results in a protein pattern indistinguishable from the IL-1beta pattern, indicating a dominant effect of IL-1beta over IL-6 at the doses tested. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) of correlation distances between protein secretion levels revealed two protein pairs that are robustly co-secreted across the various cytokine stimulation conditions, suggesting shared regulatory pathways. Finally, we also used multivariate alternating conditional expectation (MACE) to identify transformation functions that discriminated the cytokine-stimulated and untreated hepatocyte-secreted protein profiles. Our analysis indicates that the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) was sufficient to discriminate between IL-1beta and IL-6 stimulation. The combination of proteomics and multivariate analysis is expected to provide new information on the cellular regulatory networks involved in generating specific cellular responses.
Direct demonstration that receptor crosslinking or aggregation is important in insulin action (1978)

Exposure of adipocytes to antibodies to the insulin receptor results in a blockade of (125)I-labeled insulin binding, stimulation of glucose oxidation, and many more insulin-like effects. Allowing for differences in purity, antireceptor antibody is equipotent with insulin on a molar basis. Both the bivalent F(ab')(2) and monovalent Fab' fragments of the antireceptor antibody are fully active in inhibiting (125)I-labeled insulin binding. Bivalent F(ab')(2) also retains its insulin-like effects. In contrast, the monovalent Fab' loses almost all ability to stimulate glucose oxidation and acts as a competitive antagonist of insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation. Addition of anti-F(ab')(2) antisera, which crosslink the Fab'-receptor complexes, results in a restoration of the insulin-like activity of the antibody. Similarly, when cells are exposed to submaximal doses of insulin, addition of anti-insulin antibodies at low concentration enhances the biological activity of insulin. These data suggest that receptor occupancy by ligand is not sufficient for signal generation and that the insulin-like effects of antireceptor antibody (and perhaps insulin itself) require receptor aggregation or clustering. This aggregation, however, appears to be independent of microfilaments or microtubules because the insulin-like effects of antireceptor antibody, and in fact, of insulin itself, are unaffected by agents that are known to disrupt these structures.
LSD1 Inhibitor T-3775440 Inhibits SCLC Cell Proliferation by Disrupting LSD1 Interactions with SNAG Domain Proteins INSM1 and GFI1B (2017)

T-3775440 is an irreversible inhibitor of the chromatin demethylase LSD1, which exerts antiproliferative effects by disrupting the interaction between LSD1 and GFI1B, a SNAG domain transcription factor, inducing leukemia cell transdifferentiation. Here, we describe the anticancer effects and mechanism of action of T-3775440 in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). T-3775440 inhibited proliferation of SCLC cells <i>in vitro</i> and retarded SCLC tumor growth <i>in vivo</i> T-3775440 disrupted the interaction between LSD1 and the transcriptional repressor INSM1, thereby inhibiting expression of neuroendocrine-associated genes, such as <i>ASCL1</i> INSM1 silencing phenocopied the effects of T-3775440 on gene expression and cell proliferation, consistent with the likelihood T-3775440 mediated its effects in SCLC by inhibiting INSM1. T-3775440 also inhibited proliferation of an SCLC cell line that overexpressed GFI1B, rather than INSM1, by disrupting the interaction between LSD1 and GFI1B. Taken together, our results argue that LSD1 plays an important role in neuroendocrine-associated transcription and cell proliferation of SCLC via interactions with the SNAG domain proteins INSM1 and GFI1B. Targeting these critical interactions with LSD1 inhibitors offers a novel rational strategy to therapeutically manage SCLC. <i>Cancer Res; 77(17); 4652-62. ©2017 AACR</i>.
A New Scenario Decomposition Method for Large-Scale Stochastic Optimization (1995)

A novel parallel decomposition algorithm is developed for large, multistage stochastic optimization problems. The method decomposes the problem into subproblems that correspond to scenarios. The subproblems are modified by separable quadratic terms to coordinate the scenario solutions. Convergence of the coordination procedure is proven for linear programs. Subproblems are solved using a nonlinear interior point algorithm. The approach adjusts the degree of decomposition to fit the available hardware environment. Initial testing on a distributed network of workstations shows that an optimal number of computers depends upon the work per subproblem and its relation to the communication capacities. The algorithm has promise for solving stochastic programs that lie outside current capabilities.
Superoxide Dismutase (1969)

An enzyme which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2·- + O2·- + 2H+ → O2 + H2O2) has been purified by a simple procedure from bovine erythrocytes. This enzyme, called superoxide dismutase, contains 2 eq of copper per mole of enzyme. The copper may be reversibly removed, and it is required for activity. Superoxide dismutase has been shown to be identical with the previously described copper-containing erythrocuprein (human) and hemocuprein (bovine). Stable solutions of the superoxide radical were generated by the electrolytic reduction of O2 in an aprotic solvent, dimethylformamide. Slow infusion of such solutions into buffered aqueous media permitted the demonstration that O2·- can reduce ferricytochrome c and tetranitromethane, and that superoxide dismutase, by competing for the superoxide radicals, can markedly inhibit these reactions. Superoxide dismutase was used to show that the oxidation of epinephrine to adrenochrome by milk xanthine oxidase is mediated by the superoxide radical. An assay of several tissues indicates that superoxide dismutase is widely distributed within mammalian organisms.
Activation of Src family kinases in Neu-induced mammary tumors correlates with their association with distinct sets of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in vivo. (1995)

Overexpression and amplification of the erbB-2 (neu) is thought to play a major role in mammary cancer. Although studies suggest that Neu is directly involved in the genesis of mammary tumors, the molecular mechanism by which Neu induces tumors is not well understood. Recently, we have demonstrated that the activity of c-Src tyrosine kinase is elevated in Neu-induced mammary tumors and this elevated activity correlates with its capacity to physically associate with Neu. To explore whether other members of the c-Src family are activated in these mammary tumors, we measured the in vitro kinase activity of the c-Yes and Fyn kinases in protein extracts derived from mammary tumor tissue and morphological normal adjacent tissue. These analyses revealed that c-Yes kinase activity was elevated in Neu-induced tumors by comparison to the adjacent tissue. By contrast, no significant activation of the Fyn kinase was noted in these tumors. Activation of c-Yes tyrosine kinase correlated with the capacity of c-Yes to associate with Neu in vivo in lysates derived from primary tumor samples. Studies with Rat.2 fibroblasts overexpressing activated Neu revealed that c-Src requires the presence of tyrosine phosphorylated Neu for its ability to interact with Neu in vivo. Moreover, analyses using radiolabeled c-Yes SH2 fusion protein revealed that this interaction is likely occurring in a direct fashion. Although both c-Src and c-Yes kinase associate with Neu in vivo, a tyrosine phosphorylated protein of 89 kd (p89) was found associated with c-Src but not with c-Yes in cell lysates derived from mammary epithelial cells transformed by either Neu or PyV middle T antigen. Furthermore, this tyrosine phosphorylated protein was not detected in c-Src complexes derived from fibroblasts transformed by either Neu or PyV middle T. These observations suggest that p89 associates with c-Src only in mammary epithelial cells and not in fibroblasts.
Minimal requirements for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 V3 domain to support the syncytium-inducing phenotype: analysis by single amino acid substitution (1992)

The third variable domain (V3) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 external envelope contains determinants of cell tropism, cytopathicity, and infectivity and elicits antibodies able to block infectivity in vitro and in vivo. Our study encompassed point-mutational analysis of HXB-2 viruses containing patient-derived V3 regions and expressing a non-syncytium-inducing, low-replicating phenotype in T-cell line SupT1. The mutation within V3 of a serine at position 306 into an also naturally occurring arginine (S to R) required an additional, naturally occurring mutation at position 320 (aspartate to glutamine, D to Q) or 324 (aspartate to asparagine, D to N) for full expression of the syncytium-inducing, high-replicating (SI) phenotype. The naturally occurring mutation of an aspartate into an arginine at position 320 (D to R) was sufficient for production of the SI phenotype. This study proves that introduction of a positively charged amino acid at position 306 or 320, previously shown to be strongly associated with the SI phenotype in field isolates (R.A.M. Fouchier, M. Groenink, N.A. Kootstra, M. Tersmette, H.G. Huisman, F. Miedema, and H. Schuitemaker, J. Virol. 66:3183-3187, 1992), is minimally required for production of SI viruses. In addition, naturally occurring mutations at residue 324 also modulate the virus phenotype.
Prepuberty and Adolescence (2007)

Adequate intake of calcium in prepuberty and adolescence is very important while peak bone mass is being acquired. The rate of calcium accretion during growth was determined from gains in bone mineral content (BMC) taken annually in a longitudinal study of a cohort of Caucasian Canadian boys and girls (1). Because calcium is a constant component of BMC, profiles of gains in BMC as shown in Fig. 1 also reflect calcium accretion. It is clear from this figure that rates of calcium retention are not uniform across childhood. The curve has a rather sharp peak; approximately one-fourth of adult BMC is acquired in 2 yr bracketing the peak accretion rate. Likely regulators of pubertal growth spurt and skeletal maturation include insulin-like growth factor-1 and sex steroid hormones (2). The figure further shows that boys have a higher mean peak rate of BMC accretion than girls (409 vs 325 g/yr) and the peak occurs later in boys than girls (age 14 vs 12.5 yr). A nonparametric function of age using weighted and mean averages of longitudinal data in white females showed maximum bone growth occurs at age 12 yr (11–12, 90% confidence interval [CI]) for the spine and femoral neck (10–14, 90% CI), whereas cessation of growth at the spine occurred at age 36 yr (32–44, 90% CI) and at age 24 yr (19–34, 90% CI) for the femoral neck (3). Estimates of the percent of peak BMC for selected sites are illustrated in Fig. 2 taken from data reported by Teegarden (4) and Lin (5). The age of attaining peak spine BMC was beyond the age of the cohort studied by Lin et al. (5), but the age at which 90% of peak spine BMD was achieved was 15.2 yr, and 17.6 yr for 95%. Bone accretion rates with age are not available for other races and ethnic groups.
Biodegradable polymeric scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissue engineering (2001)

Biodegradable scaffolds have played an important role in a number of tissue engineering attempts over the past decade. The goal of this review article is to provide a brief overview of some of the important issues related to scaffolds fabricated from synthetic biodegradable polymers. Various types of such materials are available; some are commercialized and others are still in the laboratories. The properties of the most common of these polymers are discussed here. A variety of fabrication techniques were developed to fashion polymeric materials into porous scaffolds, and a selection of these is presented. The very important issue of scaffold architecture, including the topic of porosity and permeability, is discussed. Other areas such as cell growth on scaffolds, surface modification, scaffold mechanics, and the release of growths factors are also reviewed. A summary outlining the common themes in scaffold-related science that are found in the literature is presented.