gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA vaccination induces WT1-specific T-cell responses with potential clinical relevance (2008)

The Wilms tumor antigen, WT1, is associated with several human cancers, including leukemia. We evaluated WT1 as an immunotherapeutic target using our proven DNA fusion vaccine design, p.DOM-peptide, encoding a minimal tumor-derived major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-binding epitope downstream of a foreign sequence of tetanus toxin. Three p.DOM-peptide vaccines, each encoding a different WT1-derived, HLA-A2-restricted epitope, induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in humanized transgenic mice expressing chimeric HLA-A2, without affecting hematopoietic stem cells. Mouse CTLs killed human leukemia cells in vitro, indicating peptide processing/presentation. Low numbers of T cells specific for these epitopes have been described in cancer patients. Expanded human T cells specific for each epitope were lytic in vitro. Focusing on human WT1(37-45)-specific cells, the most avid of the murine responses, we demonstrated lysis of primary leukemias, underscoring their clinical relevance. Finally, we showed that these human CTL kill target cells transfected with the relevant p.DOM-peptide DNA vaccine, confirming that WT1-derived epitopes are presented to T cells similarly by tumors and following DNA vaccination. Together, these data link mouse and human studies to suggest that rationally designed DNA vaccines encoding WT1-derived epitopes, particularly WT1(37-45), have the potential to induce/expand functional tumor-specific cytotoxic responses in cancer patients.
Use of botulinum toxin type F injections to treat torticollis in patients with immunity to botulinum toxin type A (1993)

Fifteen patients with torticollis who had been treated with repeated injections of botulinum toxin type A (botox A) developed antibodies to the toxin. This resulted in loss of benefit in the 13 patients who had improved with botox A injections and failure to develop muscle atrophy after injection in all 15 patients. Patients were then injected with botulinum toxin type F (botox F) in the same muscles that had been injected with botox A. Ten of the 15 improved after botox F injections, including 9 of the 12 patients who had improved with type A toxin. Six of 9 patients with pain had improvement in pain after botox F injections. Patients reported similar improvement with type F and type A toxins, but duration of benefit was approximately 3 months with type A and approximately 1 month with type F. Botox F is an effective treatment for torticollis in patients who are immune to botox A. The usefulness of type F toxin, however, is limited by short duration of benefit.
The Geological Modeling of Effective Permeability in Complex Heterolithic Facies (1991)

ABSTRACT Conventional methods of quantitative reservoir characterization are inappropriate when confronted with the complex ripple-scale (millimetric to centimetric scale) intercalations of sand and shale that are characteristic of heterolithic facies. This paper presents a new methodology for quantifying single-phase fluid flow behaviour in heterolithic facies by defining, for discrete heterolithic lithofacies types, effective permeabilities at Representative Elementary Areas (REAs). REA graphs are defined by calculating effective permeabilities at increasing scales, using the renormalization approach. Given that effective permeability values in these facies are dominated by sand connectivity, these REAs are based on binary sand-shale indicator maps derived from constant-scale photography at outcrop. The heterolithic facies studied produce REAs at characteristic scales of around 20,000 cm2. REA based effective permeabilities in different directions show comparable areal dimensions, but significantly different permeability values. REA based effective permeabilities can subsequently be modelled in inter-well volumes through the use of various indicator based pattern recognition procedures. A methodology is presented for developing realistic "training" patterns of heterolithic lithofacies through outcrop photography.
Mechanism of antigen-induced antibody biosynthesis from antibody precursors, the heavy and light immunoglobulin chains (1978)

The immediate precursors of antibody molecules, the heavy (H) and light (L) peptide chains of the immunoglobulins, combine with each other by means of disulfide bonds formed by dehydrogenation of their cysteine residues. In the absence of an antigen this process yields the heterogeneous mixture of normal immunoglobulins. Antigens or their processed derivatives (Ag) interfere with this stochastic process by noncovalent combination with complementarily fitting H chains. The (Ag.H)(n) complexes thus formed, owing to the loss of rotational and translational freedom, combine preferentially with those L chains whose V(L) regions have some affinity for the determinants of the antigen molecule. Subsequent release of Ag from the (Ag.H.L)(n) complexes yields free antigen and antibody molecules. Each of the released Ag molecules can be used repeatedly for the same reaction cycle and thus can induce the biosynthesis of a large number of antibody molecules. Any macromolecule, natural or synthetic, that has at least a few polar groups and that can penetrate to the nascent H and L chains can thus act as an antigen. Whereas the structure of the H and L chains is genetically determined and transmitted through the germ line, the process induced by the antigen is a phenotypic phenomenon. The antigen acts in this process as a stereospecific cofactor or regulator of the thiol-disulfide transhydrogenation of the combining H and L chains of immunoglobulins.
Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Response to the Anti–Programmed Death 1 Antibody Pembrolizumab in Melanoma (2016)

Purpose Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a potential predictive marker for response and outcome after treatment with anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1). This study explored the relationship between anti-PD-1 activity and PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced melanoma who were treated with pembrolizumab in the phase Ib KEYNOTE-001 study (clinical trial information: NCT01295827). Patients and Methods Six hundred fifty-five patients received pembrolizumab10 mg/kg once every 2 weeks or once every 3 weeks, or 2 mg/kg once every 3 weeks. Tumor response was assessed every 12 weeks per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 by independent central review. Primary outcome was objective response rate. Secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Membranous PD-L1 expression in tumor and tumor-associated immune cells was assessed by a clinical trial immunohistochemistry assay (22C3 antibody) and scored on a unique melanoma (MEL) scale of 0 to 5 by one of three pathologists who were blinded to clinical outcome; a score ≥ 2 (membranous staining in ≥ 1% of cells) was considered positive. Results Of 451 patients with evaluable PD-L1 expression, 344 (76%) had PD-L1-positive tumors. Demographic and staging variables were equally distributed among PD-L1-positive and -negative patients. An association between higher MEL score and higher response rate and longer PFS (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.82) and OS (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.83) was observed ( P < .001 for each). Objective response rate was 8%, 12%, 22%, 43%, 57%, and 53% for MEL 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Conclusion PD-L1 expression in pretreatment tumor biopsy samples was correlated with response rate, PFS, and OS; however, patients with PD-L1-negative tumors may also achieve durable responses.
Time-resolved identification of individual mononucleotide molecules in aqueous solution with pulsed semiconductor lasers (1998)

We applied a short-pulse diode laser emitting at 640 nm with a repetition rate of 56 MHz in combination with a confocal microscope to study bursts of fluorescence photons from individual differently labeled mononucleotide molecules in water. Two newly synthesized dyes, an oxazine dye (MR121) and a rhodamine dye (JA53), and two commercially available dyes, a carbocyanine dye (Cy5) and a bora-diaza-indacene dye (Bodipy630/650), were used as fluorescent labels. The time-resolved fluorescence signals of individual mononucleotiode molecules in water were analyzed and identified by a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). Taking only those single molecule transits which contain more than 30 collected photoelectrons, the two labeled mononucleotide molecules, Cy5-dCTP and Bodipy-dUTP, can be identified by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy with a probability of correct classification of greater than 99%. Our results show that at least three differently labeled mononucleotide molecules can be identified in a common aqueous solution. We obtain an overall classification probability of 90% for the time-resolved identification of Cy5-dCTP, MR121-dUTP and Bodipy-dUTP molecules via their characteristic fluorescence lifetimes of 1.05 ± 0.33 ns (Cy5-dCTP), 2.07 ± 0.59 ns (MR121-dUTP) and 3.88 ± 1.71 ns (Bodipy-dUTP).
The Role of Nitrosative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Unexplained Chronic Cough with Cough Hypersensitivity (2012)

Increased nitrosative stress in the upper airway may play a role in the pathogenesis of unexplained chronic cough with CHS through enhanced secretion of SP.
KINETICS OF ACRYLAMIDE FORMATION DURING TRADITIONAL AND VACUUM FRYING OF POTATO CHIPS (2005)

ABSTRACT Acrylamide is considered a carcinogen in animals and a possible carcinogen in humans. It has been found in starch‐rich foods cooked at high temperatures. Vacuum frying (10 Torr) was investigated as a possible alternative to reduce acrylamide formation in potato chips. The cultivar Atlantic was used to determine the kinetics of acrylamide formation during traditional and vacuum frying at different temperatures. There was a 94% decrease in acrylamide content when potatoes were fried to the same final moisture content (1.5% ± 0.3% w.b.) under vacuum compared to those fried under atmospheric conditions. Acrylamide accumulation under vacuum frying was modeled using first‐order kinetics (during traditional frying, the logistic kinetic model was used). The behavior of the kinetics of acrylamide content in potato chips fried under the two processes was different mainly because of the different temperatures used. During traditional frying, higher temperatures are used (150 to 180C) and acrylamide after some time is produced but starts degrading, producing a constant level of acrylamide content at longer times. During vacuum frying (10 Torr), acrylamide increased exponentially (but at lower levels) for all frying times.
Atomic Force Microscopy of Cell Growth and Division in Staphylococcus aureus (2004)

The growth and division of Staphylococcus aureus was monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thin-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A good correlation of the structural events of division was found using the two microscopies, and AFM was able to provide new additional information. AFM was performed under water, ensuring that all structures were in the hydrated condition. Sequential images on the same structure revealed progressive changes to surfaces, suggesting the cells were growing while images were being taken. Using AFM small depressions were seen around the septal annulus at the onset of division that could be attributed to so-called murosomes (Giesbrecht et al., Arch. Microbiol. 141:315-324, 1985). The new cell wall formed from the cross wall (i.e., completed septum) after cell separation and possessed concentric surface rings and a central depression; these structures could be correlated to a midline of reactive material in the developing septum that was seen by TEM. The older wall, that which was not derived from a newly formed cross wall, was partitioned into two different surface zones, smooth and gel-like zones, with different adhesive properties that could be attributed to cell wall turnover. The new and old wall topographies are equated to possible peptidoglycan arrangements, but no conclusion can be made regarding the planar or scaffolding models.
A parallel backtracking framework (BkFr) for single and multiple clusters (2004)

There is a wide class of important problems, typified by the NP-complete SAT problem, for which the best known solutions are obtained using the backtracking strategy and heuristics to bound the search of the associated state-space tree. The backtracking strategy is well suited to parallelization, since different portions of the state-space tree can be assigned to different processes. The resulting strategy is often referred to in the literature as parallel depth-first search or parallel backtracking. In this paper we introduce Backtracking Framework (BkFr) that simplifies implementation of the parallel backtracking paradigm in the single cluster environment, and supports the extension of computations over multiple clusters. BkFr uses two communication methods -- MPI for intra-cluster communication and ICI (Inter-Cluster Interface) for inter-cluster communication. What differentiates ICI from MPI-2, Globus and other libraries that support inter-cluster message passing is its lightweight (requiring only Unix socket API and little or no systems administration support), and its fault-tolerant capabilities. The latter capability was one of our principal motivations for developing ICI, since it allows new clusters to join an ongoing computation anytime without affecting the integrity of the whole system. Also, a sudden failure of a cluster that is part of the computation will result in a reassignment of its work to another resource. There are a number of other parallel frameworks for parallel state-space tree searching, such as the ZRAM framework, but they do not support the multi-cluster fault-tolerant option. In addition to its ease of implementation, BkFr offers a simple interface (less than 10 functions) for new compute modules, making it relatively simple for the user to alter existing code to a form suitable for the BkFr framework. To further simplify the utilization of BkFr for solving user-defined problems, we have developed our own Shared Variable Emulation layer, which hides MPI and ICI communication functions, and allows the user to send information (messages) as variables. Because of its lightweight features, our framework does not incur significant additional overhead, and performance data shows good speedup on problems ranging from a simply implemented version of the sum of subsets problem, to complicated implementations of SAT solvers such as SBSAT and zChaff. While the current implementations of ICI and BkFr are developed in the context of MPI, they can readily be adapted to other message passing environments.
The tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the novel antimigraine compound 311C90 in healthy male volunteers (1996)

1. 311C90 is a novel and selective agonist at 5-HT1D receptors, with central and peripheral actions, currently in development for the acute oral treatment of migraine. 2. The pharmacokinetic and tolerability profiles of single oral doses from 1-50 mg 311C90 were investigated in 12 healthy male volunteers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating study. 3. 311C90 was well tolerated with most adverse experiences of mild and transient nature. 4. Absorption was rapid with dose-independent kinetics. Median tmax was 2-4 h although 50-85% of eventual Cmax was attained within 1 h. The t1/2 was 2.5-3 h with a high apparent plasma clearance (CL/F > 2000 ml min-1) and apparent volume of distribution (Vz/F) of 400-500 l. 5. Three metabolites were detected in plasma and urine, one of which, the N-desmethyl metabolite, has 5-HT1D agonist activity. 6. 311C90 showed no clinically significant effects on blood pressure, heart rate, ECG or laboratory variables at any dose and demonstrated a tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile compatible with an acute oral migraine treatment.
Concise polymeric materials encyclopedia (1999)

Additives o Adhesives o Adsorptive Resins o Alloys o Alternating Copolymers o Antibacterial Polymers o Antifoaming Agents Antifouling Materials o Amphiphilic Materials o Barrier Materials Batteries o Biodegradable Materials o Bioerodible Materials Biomaterials o Biomimetic Materials o Biopolymers o Biosensors o Blends o Block Copolymer Micelles o Branched Polymers o Building Materials o Calixarenes o Carbon Fibers o Carbon Monoxide o Copolymers o Catalysts o Ceramic Precursors o Chemical Amplification Resists o Chemical Sensors o Coatings o Colloids o Comb-Like Materials o Compatibilizers o Composites o Conjugated Polymers o Contact Lenses o Cosmetic Materials o Cyclopolymerization o Degradation o Dendrimers o Drag Reducing Agents o Drug Delivery Systems o Elastomers o Electroconducting Materials o Electrooptical Materials o Electrorheological Materials o Emulsion Polymerization o Environmentally Degradable Polymers o Engineering Thermoplastics o Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymerization o Ferroelectric o Polymers o Fibers o Fillers o Flame Retardants o Flocculants o Fluorine-Containing Polymers o Foams o Food Polymers o Free Radical Polymerization o Functional Materials o Gas Permeable Polymers o Gels o Gradient Polymers o Graft Polymers o Group Transfer Polymerization o Gums o Hair Care Polymers o High Modulus Materials o High Performance Polymers o High Solids Coatings o High Strength Materials o High Temperature Materials o Host-Guest Materials o Hydrogels o Hydrophilic Materials o Hydrophobic Materials o Hyperbranched Polymers o Immobilized Enzymes o Inclusion Complexes o Initiators o Inorganic Materials o Intelligent Materials o Interpenetrating Polymer Networks o Inverse-Emulsion/Suspension Polymerization o Ion-Chelating Polymers o Ionomers o Lacquers o Ladder Polymers o Langmuir-Blodget Film o Liquid Crystalline Materials o Living Polymerization o Macrocycles o Macromonomers o Membranes o Metathesis Polymerization o Microbial Polymers o Microcapsules o Microemulsion Polymerization o Modified Natural Products o Molecular Assemblies o Monodisperse Polymers o Monodisperse Particles o Networks o Oligomers o Optical Fibers o Optically Active Polymers o Organic/Inorganic Materials o Organometallic Materials o Oxidative Coupling Polymerization o Paints o Paper o Photopolymers o Polyampholytes o Polyelectrolyte Complexes o Polyelectrolytes o Polymeric Compatibilizers o Polymeric Drugs o Polymeric Initiators o Polymeric Surfactants o Plastics o Printing Inks o Recyclable Materials o Reinforcing Agents o Release Coatings o Resins o Ring-Opening Polymerization o Rotaxanic Materials o Rubbers o Sealants o Scale Inhibitors o Self-Assembled Materials o Skin Care Polymers o Spiro Polymers o Star Polymers o Superabsorbent Materials o Surface Modified Materials o Suspension Polymerization o Telechelics o Template Polymerization o Thermosensitive Materials o Thickeners o Topochemical Polymerization o Ultrathin Films o Vulcanization o Waterborne Coatings o Water-Soluble Polymers o Wood Composites o Zwitterionic Polymerization
Herpes simplex virus type-1 induces IFN-α production via Toll-like receptor 9-dependent and -independent pathways (2004)

Type I IFN production in response to the DNA virus herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) is essential in controlling viral replication. We investigated whether plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) were the major tissue source of IFN-alpha, and whether the production of IFN-alpha in response to HSV-1 depended on Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Total spleen cells or bone marrow (BM) cells, or fractions thereof, including highly purified pDC, from WT, TLR9, and MyD88 knockout mice were stimulated with known ligands for TLR9 or active HSV-1. pDC freshly isolated from both spleen and BM were the major source of IFN-alpha in response to oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs, but in response to HSV-1 the majority of IFN-alpha was produced by other cell types. Moreover, IFN-alpha production by non-pDC was independent of TLR9. The tissue source determined whether pDC responded to HSV-1 in a strictly TLR9-dependent fashion. Freshly isolated BM pDC or pDC derived from culture of BM precursors with FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand, produced IFN-alpha in the absence of functional TLR9, whereas spleen pDC did not. Heat treatment of HSV-1 abolished maturation and IFN-alpha production from all TLR9-deficient DC but not WT DC. Thus pDC and non-pDC produce IFN-alpha in response to HSV-1 via both TLR9-independent and -dependent pathways.
Task computing for ubiquitous multimedia services (2004)

The Task Computing framework is designed to operate in dynamic ubiquitous environments in which a mobile computing user dynamically discovers the current set of available semantically defined services. Task Computing allows the end-user to easily and seamlessly integrate and manipulate services found on their own computer, the nearby devices and relevant remote web services. The user can create, execute and monitor complex tasks resulting from compositions of these services. In this paper, how Task Computing addresses some issues in mobile and ubiquitous multimedia applications and some of the multimedia related semantic services currently implemented in this framework are described.
Test-retest reliability of the state-trait personality inventory and the anger expression scale (1988)

Abstract The State-Trait Personality Inventory and the Anger Expression Scale have been attracting increasing attention in research involving personality assessment, but no data regarding the test-retest reliability of these instruments have been published. The 14-day test-retest correlation coefficients for the subscales of these instruments reflect appropriately low stability for the state scales of the STPI and moderate stability for the STPI trait scales as well as the AX subscales.
Growth Hormone, Interferon-γ, and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Promoted Tyrosyl Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (1995)

The identification of JAK2 as a growth hormone (GH) receptor-associated, GH-activated tyrosine kinase has established tyrosyl phosphorylation as a signaling mechanism for GH. In the present study, GH is shown to stimulate tyrosyl phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), the principle substrate of the insulin receptor. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of IRS-1 is a critical step in insulin signaling and provides binding sites for proteins with the appropriate Src homology 2 domains, including the 85-kDa regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3'-kinase. In 3T3-F442A fibroblasts, GH-dependent tyrosyl phosphorylation of IRS-1 was detected by 1 min and at GH concentrations as low as 5 ng/ml (0.23 nM). Tyrosyl phosphorylation of IRS-1 was transient, with maximal stimulation detected at 30 min and diminished signal detected at 60 min. The ability of GH receptor (GHR) to transduce the signal for IRS-1 tyrosyl phosphorylation is mediated by the intracellular region of GHR between amino acids 295 and 380 by a mechanism not involving the two tyrosines in this region. This region of GHR is required for GH-dependent JAK2 association and activation (VanderKuur, J. A., Wang, X., Zhang, L., Campbell, G. S., Allevato, G., Billestrup, N., Norstedt, G., and Carter-Su, C. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 21709-21717). When other cytokines that activate JAK2 were tested for the ability to stimulate the tyrosyl phosphorylation of IRS-1, stimulation was detected with interferon-gamma and leukemia inhibitory factor. The correlation between JAK2 tyrosyl phosphorylation and IRS-1 tyrosyl phosphorylation in response to GH, interferon-gamma, and leukemia inhibitory factor and in cells expressing different GHR mutants, provides evidence that IRS-1 may interact with JAK2 or an auxiliary molecule that binds to JAK2. GH is also shown to stimulate binding of IRS-1 to the 85-kDa regulatory subunit of PI 3'-kinase. The ability of GH to stimulate tyrosyl phosphorylation of IRS-1 and its association with PI 3'-kinase provides a biochemical basis for responses shared by insulin and GH including the well characterized insulin-like metabolic effects of GH observed in a variety of cell types.