gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate, a Bioactive Sphingolipid Abundantly Stored in Platelets, Is a Normal Constituent of Human Plasma and Serum (1997)

Although sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph-1-P) is reportedly involved in diverse cellular processes and the physiological roles of this bioactive sphingolipid have been strongly suggested, few studies have revealed the presence of Sph-1-P in human samples, including body fluids and cells, under physiological conditions. In this study, we identified Sph-1-P as a normal constituent of human plasma and serum. The Sph-1-P levels in plasma and serum were 191+/-79 and 484+/-82 pmol/ml (mean+/-SD, n=8), respectively. Furthermore, when Sph-1-P was measured in paired plasma and serum samples obtained from 6 healthy adults, the serum Sph-1-P/plasma Sph-1-P ratio was found to be 2.65+/-1.26 (mean+/-SD). It is most likely that the source of discharged Sph-1-P during blood clotting is platelets, because platelets abundantly store Sph-1-P compared with other blood cells, and release part of their stored Sph-1-P extracellularly upon stimulation. We also studied Sph-1-P-related metabolism in plasma. [3H]Sph was stable and not metabolized at all in plasma, but was rapidly incorporated into platelets and metabolized mainly to Sph-1-P in platelet-rich plasma. [3H]Sph-1-P was found to be unchanged in plasma, revealing that plasma does not contain the enzymes needed for Sph-1-P degradation. In summary, platelets can convert Sph into Sph-1-P, and are storage sites for the latter in the blood. In view of the diverse biological effects of Sph-1-P, the release of Sph-1-P from activated platelets may be involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including thrombosis, hemostasis, atherosclerosis and wound healing.
Ultrastructural studies of the interaction between liposome-activated human blood monocytes and allogeneic tumor cells in vitro. (1983)

Human blood monocytes were activated to become tumoricidal by incubation with liposomes containing muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidylethanolamine, a lipophilic derivative of muramyl dipeptide. The interaction of both tumoricidal and control monocytes with target melanoma cells was analyzed by means of light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The authors found increased clustering around the melanoma cells by tumoricidal monocytes as compared with the control monocytes. The initial clustering of the tumoricidal monocytes around the tumor cells was followed by the establishment of numerous focal points of contact (binding), some of which actually exhibited areas of discontinuous membrane, a finding confirmed by stereophotography. By 24-48 hours of cocultivation, many of the target cells exhibited zones of vacuolation in the immediate vicinity of the tumoricidal monocytes, suggesting target cell damage. (This finding was confirmed by time-course cytotoxicity assays.) The authors conclude that tumor cell lysis mediated by activated human blood monocytes occurs as the final step in a process that includes the establishment of a direct cell-cell contact, damage to the target cell membrane, and the development of areas of vacuolation in the target cells.
Functional characterization of the 180-kD ribosome receptor in vivo. (1995)

A cDNA encoding the 180-kD canine ribosome receptor (RRp) was cloned and sequenced. The deduced primary structure indicates three distinct domains: an NH2-terminal stretch of 28 uncharged amino acids representing the membrane anchor, a basic region (pI = 10.74) comprising the remainder of the NH2-terminal half and an acidic COOH-terminal half (pI = 4.99). The most striking feature of the amino acid sequence is a 10-amino acid consensus motif, NQGKKAEGAP, repeated 54 times in tandem without interruption in the NH2-terminal positively charged region. We postulate that this repeated sequence represents a ribosome binding domain which mediates the interaction between the ribosome and the ER membrane. To substantiate this hypothesis, recombinant full-length ribosome receptor and two truncated versions of this protein, one lacking the potential ribosome binding domain, and one lacking the COOH terminus, were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Morphological and biochemical analyses showed all proteins were targeted to, and oriented correctly in the ER membrane. In vitro ribosome binding assays demonstrated that yeast microsomes containing the full-length canine receptor or one lacking the COOH-terminal domain were able to bind two to four times as many human ribosomes as control membranes lacking a recombinant protein or microsomes containing a receptor lacking the NH2-terminal basic domain. Electron micrographs of these cells revealed that the expression of all receptor constructs led to a proliferation of perinuclear ER membranes known as "karmellae." Strikingly, in those strains which expressed cDNAs encoding a receptor containing the putative ribosome binding domain, the induced ER membranes (examined in situ) were richly studded with ribosomes. In contrast, karmellae resulting from the expression of receptor cDNA lacking the putative ribosome binding domain were uniformly smooth and free of ribosomes. Cell fractionation and biochemical analyses corroborated the morphological characterization. Taken together these data provide further evidence that RRp functions as a ribosome receptor in vitro, provide new evidence indicating its functionality in vivo, and in both cases indicate that the NH2-terminal basic domain is essential for ribosome binding.
Control of Extracellular Potassium Levels by Retinal Glial Cell K + Siphoning (1984)

Efflux of K+ from dissociated salamander Müller cells was measured with ion-selective microelectrodes. When the distal end of an isolated cell was exposed to high concentrations of extracellular K+, efflux occurred primarily from the endfoot, a cell process previously shown to contain most of the K+ conductance of the cell membrane. Computer simulations of K+ dynamics in the retina indicate that shunting ions through the Müller cell endfoot process is more effective in clearing local increases in extracellular K+ from the retina than is diffusion through extracellular space.
Infection of inbred BALB/c and C57BL/6 and outbred Institute of Cancer Research mice with the emerging H7N9 avian influenza virus (2013)

A new avian-origin influenza virus A (H7N9) recently crossed the species barrier and infected humans; therefore, there is an urgent need to establish mammalian animal models for studying the pathogenic mechanism of this strain and the immunological response. In this study, we attempted to develop mouse models of H7N9 infection because mice are traditionally the most convenient models for studying influenza viruses. We showed that the novel A (H7N9) virus isolated from a patient could infect inbred BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice as well as outbred Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. The amount of bodyweight lost showed differences at 7 days post infection (d.p.i.) (BALB/c mice 30%, C57BL/6 and ICR mice approximately 20%), and the lung indexes were increased both at 3 d.p.i. and at 7 d.p.i.. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the existence of the H7N9 viruses in the lungs of the infected mice, and these findings were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) detection at 3 d.p.i. and 7 d.p.i.. Histopathological changes occurred in the infected lungs, including pulmonary interstitial inflammatory lesions, pulmonary oedema and haemorrhages. Furthermore, because the most clinically severe cases were in elderly patients, we analysed the H7N9 infections in both young and old ICR mice. The old ICR mice showed more severe infections with more bodyweight lost and a higher lung index than the young ICR mice. Compared with the young ICR mice, the old mice showed a delayed clearance of the H7N9 virus and higher inflammation in the lungs. Thus, old ICR mice could partially mimic the more severe illness in elderly patients.
Time-Frequency Analysis and Hermite Projection Method Applied to Swallowing Accelerometry Signals (2010)

Fast Hermite projections have been often used in image-processing procedures such as image database retrieval, projection filtering, and texture analysis. In this paper, we propose an innovative approach for the analysis of one-dimensional biomedical signals that combines the Hermite projection method with time-frequency analysis. In particular, we propose a two-step approach to characterize vibrations of various origins in swallowing accelerometry signals. First, by using time-frequency analysis we obtain the energy distribution of signal frequency content in time. Second, by using fast Hermite projections we characterize whether the analyzed time-frequency regions are associated with swallowing or other phenomena (vocalization, noise, bursts, etc.). The numerical analysis of the proposed scheme clearly shows that by using a few Hermite functions, vibrations of various origins are distinguishable. These results will be the basis for further analysis of swallowing accelerometry to detect swallowing difficulties.
CD19 CAR immune pressure induces B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia lineage switch exposing inherent leukaemic plasticity (2016)

Adoptive immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing T cells targeting the CD19 B lineage receptor has demonstrated marked success in relapsed pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Persisting CAR-T cells generate sustained pressure against CD19 that may drive unique mechanisms of resistance. Pre-B ALL originates from a committed pre-B cell or an earlier progenitor, with potential to reprogram into other hematopoietic lineages. Here we report changes in lineage markers including myeloid conversion in patients following CD19 CAR therapy. Using murine ALL models we study the long-term effects of CD19 CAR-T cells and demonstrate partial or complete lineage switch as a consistent mechanism of CAR resistance depending on the underlying genetic oncogenic driver. Deletion of Pax5 or Ebf1 recapitulates lineage reprogramming occurring during CD19 CAR pressure. Our findings establish lineage switch as a mechanism of CAR resistance exposing inherent plasticity in genetic subtypes of pre-B-cell ALL.
Aerosolised prostacyclin for pulmonary hypertension in neonates. (1994)

Aerosolised prostacyclin (PGI2) was administered to two neonates with pulmonary hypertension to dilate the pulmonary vessels selectively. The alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient fell from 73.2 (patient 1) and 71.8 kPa (patient 2) to 33.8 and 26.7 kPa respectively. Systemic blood pressure remained stable while pulmonary blood pressure declined in patient 1. When inhaled, PGI2 seems to improve oxygenation, mainly due to reduction of intrapulmonary shunting.
Mannosylated G(0) Dendrimers with Nanomolar Affinities to Escherichia coli FimH (2007)

Pentaerythritol and bis-pentaerythritol scaffolds were used for the preparation of first generation glycodendrimers bearing aryl alpha-D-mannopyranoside residues assembled using single-step Sonogashira and click chemistry. The carbohydrate precursors were built with either para-iodophenyl, propargyl, or 2-azidoethyl aglycones whereas the pentaerythritol moieties were built with terminal azide or propargyl groups, respectively. Cross-linking abilities of this series of glycodendrimers were first evaluated with the lectin from Canavalia ensiformis (Concanavalin A). Surface plasmon resonance measurements showed these two families of mannosylated clusters as the best ligands known to date toward Escherichia coli K12 FimH with subnanomolar affinities. Tetramer 4 had a K(d) of 0.45 nM. These clusters were 1000 times more potent than mannose for their capacity to inhibit the binding of E. coli to erythrocytes in vitro.
Rapid mapping of finger representations in human primary somatosensory cortex applying neuromagnetic steady-state responses (2002)

We analyzed somatosensory evoked steady-state fields in order to localize finger representations in the hand area of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Using a 122-channel whole-head neuromagnetometer we recorded in six healthy subjects neuromagnetic responses to high frequency electrical stimuli delivered simultaneously to digit I, II, III and V at 22, 24, 27 and 30 Hz, respectively, and to transient stimulation of each single digit with a frequency of 3 Hz. Responses were averaged separately for each digit and were modeled by single equivalent current dipoles. Both conditions yielded the typical somatotopic finger representations within S1 hand area. Dipole locations did not differ significantly between the transient and the steady-state stimulation. Therefore, simultaneous high-frequency stimulation of the digits seems to be a reliable method for rapid and detailed mapping of the S1 hand area. This procedure has potential advantages over recording of transient responses. With simultaneous steady-state stimulation the measurement times are reduced to 2 min for mapping the whole hand area. Because of this our method probably increases spatial accuracy and permits repeated short interval recordings, e.g. in experiments studying short term plasticity.
Building knowledge graph from public data for predictive analysis (2016)

A domain expert can process heterogeneous data to make meaningful interpretations or predictions from the data. For example, by looking at research papers and patent records, an expert can determine the maturity of an emerging technology and predict the geographic location(s) and time (e.g., in a certain year) where and when the technology will be a success. However, this is an expert- and manual-intensive task. This paper presents an end-to-end system that integrates heterogeneous data sources into a knowledge graph in the RDF (Resource Description Framework) format using an ontology. Then the user can easily query the knowledge graph to prepare the required data for different types of predictive analysis tools. We show a case study of predicting the (geographic) center(s) of fuel cell technologies using data collected from public sources to demonstrate the feasibility of our system. The system extracts, cleanses, and augments data from public sources including research papers and patent records. Next, the system uses an ontology-based data integration method to generate knowledge graphs in the RDF format to enable users to switch quickly between machine learning models for predictive analytic tasks. We tested the system using the Support Vector Machine and Multiple Hidden Markov Models and achieved 66.7% and 83.3% accuracy on the city and year levels of spatial and temporal resolutions, respectively.
Linkage map of Arabidopsis thaliana (1983)

Journal Article Linkage map of Arabidopsis thaliana Get access M. Koornneef, M. Koornneef the Department of Genetics, Agricultural University, Generaal Foulkesweg53, 6703 BM Wageningen, The Netherlands Please address reprint requests to Dr.Koornneef Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. van Eden, J. van Eden the Department of Genetics, Agricultural University, Generaal Foulkesweg53, 6703 BM Wageningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. J. Hanhart, C. J. Hanhart the Department of Genetics, Agricultural University, Generaal Foulkesweg53, 6703 BM Wageningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Stam, P. Stam the Department of Genetics, Agricultural University, Generaal Foulkesweg53, 6703 BM Wageningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. J. Braaksma, F. J. Braaksma the Department of Genetics, University of Groningen Biological centreKerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. J. Feenstra W. J. Feenstra the Department of Genetics, University of Groningen Biological centreKerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 74, Issue 4, July 1983, Pages 265–272, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109781 Published: 01 July 1983
Characterization of Stage-Specific and Cross-Reactive Antigens from Eimeria acervulina by Chicken Monoclonal Antibodies (2004)

The characterization of five chicken monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that were developed against apical complex antigens of Eimeria acervulina sporozoites is realized and the mAbs reactivity to merozoites belonging to this species is tested. Using immuno-fluorescence assay (IFA), one mAb (HE-4) that recognized apical antigens common to sporozoites of E. acervulina and E. brunetti bound antigens localized on the apical tip of merozoites from all stages of development examined. The mAb 8E-1, reactive with antigens found on the apical tip of all chicken Eimeria sporozoites, also showed binding to antigens common to merozoites from all generations. Another mAb, 8C-3, which identified an antigen shared by sporozoites apical tip and sporocysts wall of E. acervulina reacted very weak and inconstantly with the merozoites from all generations whereas the mAbs 5D-11 and 8D-2 that recognized antigens shared by the sporozoites of E. acervulina and E. maxima (mAb 5D-11) and E. acervulina and E. brunetti (mAb 8D-2) did not react with the merozoites from any generation. Collectively, these results showed that the invasive stages of chicken Eimeria share cross reactive apical complex antigens which are inter-species and inter-generation-specific that might be components of a potential recombinant vaccine.
Measuring Diversity: Experimental Design of Combinatorial Libraries for Drug Discovery (1995)

Screening synthetic combinatorial libraries, such as mixtures of oligo(N-substituted)glycines, facilitates rapid drug lead discovery and optimization by vastly increasing the number of candidate molecules made and tested. Discovery efficiency and productivity can be further improved by using experimental design to maximize molecular diversity for a given library size or to bias the library with key features for a specific receptor. We describe new methods to quantify molecular diversity using descriptors that characterize lipophilicity, shape and branching, chemical functionality, and specific binding features. Experimental design methods select sets of side chains that are diverse in these properties, and "flower plots" allow the diversity to be graphically compared. We also quantify the overall diversity accessible to different families of combinatorial chemistry.
Synthesis of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Ordered Mesoporous Carbon with Tunable Pore Structures (2003)

Analogous to the synthesis of CMK-3, ordered mesoporous carbons (OMC) containing nitrogen groups were synthesized using mesoporous silica SBA-15 as a template, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a carbon source, and 2,2‘-azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. Before carbonization, PAN/SBA-15 composites were treated in air at low temperature to stabilize the PAN to increase the carbon yield. After carbonization and removal of the silica template, PAN-based OMC can be obtained. Samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, nitrogen adsorption, and elemental analysis. The results show that the pore structures of PAN-based OMC are tunable over a certain range. When the stabilization temperature and carbonization temperature are changed, PAN-based OMC with either monomodal or bimodal pore size distributions can be prepared.
Current Therapeutic Strategy for Multiple Myeloma (2013)

This is a review regarding the current therapeutic strategies in the management of multiple myeloma. Due to the introduction of several new effective therapeutic agents, multiple myeloma is one of the most active and changing fields in clinical oncology. Multiple myeloma is caused by the expansion of monoclonal plasma cells and secretion of M-protein (immunoglobulins, Bence Jones protein and free light chain). High-dose chemotherapy supported with autologous peripheral blood stem cells is an effective treatment for the disease. However, multiple myelomas are still difficult to cure and require long-term disease control. In recent years, the introduction of novel drugs (bortezomib, lenalidomide and thalidomide) has improved treatment.
The Open Motion Planning Library (2012)

The open motion planning library (OMPL) is a new library for sampling-based motion planning, which contains implementations of many state-of-the-art planning algorithms. The library is designed in a way that it allows the user to easily solve a variety of complex motion planning problems with minimal input. OMPL facilitates the addition of new motion planning algorithms, and it can be conveniently interfaced with other software components. A simple graphical user interface (GUI) built on top of the library, a number of tutorials, demos, and programming assignments are designed to teach students about sampling-based motion planning. The library is also available for use through Robot Operating System (ROS).
Right frontal lobe slow frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (SF r-TMS) is an effective treatment for depression: a case-control pilot study of safety and efficacy (1999)

Major depression may result from decreased left frontal lobe function with respect to the right. Fast frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (FF r-TMS) excites the underlying cortex whereas slow frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (SF r-TMS) causes cortical inhibition. Left frontal FF r-TMS attenuates major depression whereas the inhibitory effects of right frontal SF r-TMS are unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that right frontal SF r-TMS would treat depressed patients with minimal effect on controls. A psychiatrist administered the Beck depression inventory and Hamilton D depression rating scales to eight depressed patients and six controls before and after the treatment protocol. Eight sessions of 100 right frontal lobe SF r-TMS were given at motor threshold and 0.5 Hz over a 6 week period. No adverse outcomes were noted in either group. A significant antidepressant effect was noted in depressed patients on the Beck and Hamilton D depression rating scales (p<0.05). No change on either scale was noted in the controls. In conclusion right frontal lobe SF r-TMS is a safe, non-invasive treatment for major depression that deserves further investigation.
HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer - a Mini-Review (2016)

Breast cancer is one of among all cancers with increased incidence, high mortality rate, and high economic and social costs. The the most common type of cancer among females worldwide, breast cancer is actually the uncontrolled proliferation of cells which attain malignancy. Recently it has shown that breast cancer contributes 11% among all types of cancer diagnosed globally on an annual basis and it is one of the leading causes of death among women. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is a receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 normally involved in the proliferation and division of breast cells. In some abnormal cases the HER2 gene does not work correctly and makes too many copies of itself. HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers constitute an aggressive type of breast cancer and tend to grow faster and are more likely to spread. However, therapies that specifically target HER2, such as Herceptin® (traztuzumab), are very effective. HER2 targeted therapies, has significantly improved the therapeutic outcome for patients with HER2 positive breast cancer.