gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factors type β1 and β2 are equipotent growth inhibitors of human breast cancer cell lines (1989)

At least one member of the TGF-beta family, TGF-beta 1, has been previously shown to inhibit the anchorage-independent growth of some human breast cancer cell lines (Knabbe et al., 1987; Arteaga et al., 1988). Members of the TGF-beta family might, therefore, provide new strategies for breast cancer therapy. We have studied the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 on the anchorage-independent growth of the oestrogen receptor-negative cell lines MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, Hs578T, MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-468-S4 (an MDA-MB-468 clone not growth inhibited by EGF) and the estrogen receptor-positive cell lines MCF7, ZR-75-1, T-47D. TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 caused a 75-90% growth inhibition of MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, Hs578T, and MDA-MB-468 cells and a 50% growth inhibition of ZR-75-1 and early passage (less than 100) MCF7 cells. T-47D cells responded to TGF-beta only in serum-free conditions in the presence of IGF-1 or EGF. The growth of MDA-MB-468-S4 cells and late passage (greater than 500) MCF7 cells was not inhibited by TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2. TGF-beta-sensitive MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells did not respond to Muellerian inhibiting substance (MIS), a TGF-beta-related polypeptide. TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2 were mutually competitive for receptor binding with a similar affinity (Kd 25-130 pM, 1,000-13,000 sites per cell). To determine the time course of the TGF-beta effect, an anchorage-dependent growth assay was carried out using MDA-MB-231 cells. Growth inhibition occurred at 6 days, and cell-cycle changes were seen 12 hr after the addition of TGF-beta. Cells accumulated in the G1 phase and were thus inhibited from entering the S-phase. These data indicate that TGF-beta is a potent growth inhibitor in most breast cancer cell lines and provide a basis for studying TGF-beta effects in vivo.
Molecular biosensor based on a coordinated iron complex (2009)

A sensor model based on the porphyrin nucleus of the soluble guanylate cyclase enzyme is modeled and tested with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Molecular oxygen is tested as a possible interferer. Geometries and electronic structures of the model are assessed by density functional theory. Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), infrared, and Raman spectra are obtained for the iron complexes uncoordinated and coordinated with the gas moieties. The sensor is capable of detecting the ligands to different extents. Carbon monoxide is less detectable than nitric oxide due to the adopted position of the molecule in the sensor; carbon oxide is aligned with the iron atom, while nitric oxide and molecular oxygens bend with an angle detectable by the VCD. It is suggested that pollutants may be detected and measured with the proposed biosensors.
Human Papilloma Virus Type 16 E7 Genes Protect Astrocytes against Apoptotic and Necrotic Death Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide (2001)

Hydrogen peroxide is considered to be a dose- and time-dependent mediator in apoptotic and necrotic death. In this study, we examined the signaling of the E6 and E7 proteins with respect to apoptosis or necrosis after H2O2 injury using an in vitro model with overexpressed E6 or E7 genes. For this purpose, the E6 and E7 gene expressing astrocytes were exposed to 10 micromole and 200 micromole H2O2 solutions. Twenty- four hours after treatment with the lower dosage(10 micromole H2O2), control, E6-expressing cells suffered about 45% injury and LXSN-expressing cells decreased by 67% as assessed by LDH release. However, E7-expressing cells showed less injury, resulting in 20-30% of LDH release. Astrocytes expressing E6, E7, LXSN and mock-infected cells showed a typical apoptotic death pattern on the DNA gel after treatment with a low-dose of H2O2 (10 micromole), however they died from necrotic death after a high-dose (200 micromole) H2O2. Overexpression of HPV-E7 genes protected the cells from apoptotic death after a low-dose of H2O2 and from necrotic death after a high-dose of H2O2, while the overexpression of E6 genes from the necrotic death. E7 expressing astrocytes showed higher catalase activity and the levels of E2F protein surged more than 100-folds compared with the control astrocytes. We believe that the activity of E7 protein to protect astrocytes from H2O2 injury was at least partly due to increased catalase, a scavenger protein.
Rapid Adaptation in Visual Cortex to the Structure of Images (1999)

Complex cells in striate cortex of macaque showed a rapid pattern-specific adaptation. Adaptation made cells more sensitive to orientation change near the adapting orientation. It reduced correlations among the responses of populations of cells, thereby increasing the information transmitted by each action potential. These changes were brought about by brief exposures to stationary patterns, on the time scale of a single fixation. Thus, if successive fixations expose neurons' receptive fields to images with similar but not identical structure, adaptation will remove correlations and improve discriminability.
The position of heterologous epitopes inserted in hepatitis B virus core particles determines their immunogenicity (1992)

The nucleocapsid (HBcAg) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been suggested as a carrier moiety for vaccine purposes. We investigated the influence of the position of the inserted epitope within hybrid HBcAg particles on antigenicity and immunogenicity. For this purpose, genes coding for neutralizing epitopes of the pre-S region of the HBV envelope proteins were inserted at the amino terminus, the amino terminus through a precore linker sequence, the truncated carboxy terminus, or an internal site of HBcAg by genetic engineering and were expressed in Escherichia coli. All purified hybrid HBc/pre-S polyproteins were particulate. Amino- and carboxy-terminal-modified hybrid HBc particles retained HBcAg antigenicity and immunogenicity. In contrast, insertion of a pre-S(1) sequence between HBcAg residues 75 and 83 abrogated recognition of HBcAg by 5 of 6 anti-HBc monoclonal antibodies and diminished recognition by human polyclonal anti-HBc. Predictably, HBcAg-specific immunogenicity was also reduced. With respect to the inserted epitopes, a pre-S(1) epitope linked to the amino terminus of HBcAg was not surface accessible and not immunogenic. A pre-S(1) epitope fused to the amino terminus through a precore linker sequence was surface accessible and highly immunogenic. A carboxy-terminal-fused pre-S(2) sequence was also surface accessible but weakly immunogenic. Insertion of a pre-S(1) epitope at the internal site resulted in the most efficient anti-pre-S(1) antibody response. Furthermore, immunization with hybrid HBc/pre-S particles exclusively primed T-helper cells specific for HBcAg and not the inserted epitope. These results indicate that the position of the inserted B-cell epitope within HBcAg is critical to its immunogenicity.
Tapping mode atomic force microscopy in liquids (1994)

Tapping mode atomic force microscopy in liquids gives a substantial improvement in imaging quality and stability over standard contact mode. In tapping mode the probe-sample separation is modulated as the probe scans over the sample. This modulation causes the probe to tap on the surface only at the extreme of each modulation cycle and therefore minimizes frictional forces that are present when the probe is constantly in contact with the surface. This imaging mode increases resolution and reduces sample damage on soft samples. For our initial experiments we used a tapping frequency of 17 kHz to image deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids on mica in water. When we imaged the same sample region with the same cantilever, the plasmids appeared 18 nm wide in contact mode and 5 nm in tapping mode.
Specific endocrine and hormonal receptor changes associated with liver regeneration in adult rats. (1975)

Partial removal of the adult rat liver--a procedure that stimulates liver regeneration--causes arterial levels of insulin and thyroxin to fall and glucagon levels to rise. These changes are correlated with the quantity of liver tissue excised and not solely with nonspecific operative manipulations or with blood glucose levels. During regeneration (about 24 hr postoperatively), hepatic plasma membranes become partially resistant to binding glucagon; this change is specific because it is not detected in laparotomized controls and insulin binding is not significantly altered. It remains to be proven whether any one or more of these specific endocrine changes are casually related to the initiation of hepatic proliferation.
Multifunctional Magnetic-fluorescent Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications (2008)

Abstract Nanotechnology is a fast-growing area, involving the fabrication and use of nano-sized materials and devices. Various nanocomposite materials play a number of important roles in modern science and technology. Magnetic and fluorescent inorganic nanoparticles are of particular importance due to their broad range of potential applications. It is expected that the combination of magnetic and fluorescent properties in one nanocomposite would enable the engineering of unique multifunctional nanoscale devices, which could be manipulated using external magnetic fields. The aim of this review is to present an overview of bimodal “two-in-one” magnetic-fluorescent nanocomposite materials which combine both magnetic and fluorescent properties in one entity, in particular those with potential applications in biotechnology and nanomedicine. There is a great necessity for the development of these multifunctional nanocomposites, but there are some difficulties and challenges to overcome in their fabrication such as quenching of the fluorescent entity by the magnetic core. Fluorescent-magnetic nanocomposites include a variety of materials including silica-based, dye-functionalised magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots-magnetic nanoparticle composites. The classification and main synthesis strategies, along with approaches for the fabrication of fluorescent-magnetic nanocomposites, are considered. The current and potential biomedical uses, including biological imaging, cell tracking, magnetic bioseparation, nanomedicine and bio- and chemo-sensoring, of magnetic-fluorescent nanocomposites are also discussed.
Human detection using depth information by Kinect (2011)

Conventional human detection is mostly done in images taken by visible-light cameras. These methods imitate the detection process that human use. They use features based on gradients, such as histograms of oriented gradients (HOG), or extract interest points in the image, such as scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), etc. In this paper, we present a novel human detection method using depth information taken by the Kinect for Xbox 360. We propose a model based approach, which detects humans using a 2-D head contour model and a 3-D head surface model. We propose a segmentation scheme to segment the human from his/her surroundings and extract the whole contours of the figure based on our detection point. We also explore the tracking algorithm based on our detection result. The methods are tested on our database taken by the Kinect in our lab and present superior results.
Transfer of Electrophilic NH Using Convenient Sources of Ammonia: Direct Synthesis of NH Sulfoximines from Sulfoxides (2016)

A new system for NH transfer is developed for the preparation of sulfoximines, which are emerging as valuable motifs for drug discovery. The protocol employs readily available sources of nitrogen without the requirement for either preactivation or for metal catalysts. Mixing ammonium salts with diacetoxyiodobenzene directly converts sulfoxides into sulfoximines. This report describes the first example of using of ammonia sources with diacetoxyiodobenzene to generate an electrophilic nitrogen center. Control and mechanistic studies suggest a short-lived electrophilic intermediate, which is likely to be PhINH or PhIN(+) .
Inappropriate Shocks Delivered by an ICD as a Result of Sensed Potentials from a Transcutaneous Electronic Nerve Stimulation Unit (1998)

Although the potential for transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation (TENS) units to interfere with appropriate function of cardiac pacemakers is well documented, an adverse interaction between a TENS unit and an ICD has never been reported. We describe a patient in whom a TENS unit created an electrical artifact that was interpreted by a transvenous ICD as ventricular fibrillation, leading to the delivery of inappropriate therapy. TENS units should be used with caution in patients with ICDs.
Fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotide probes: detection of hybrid formation in solution by fluorescence polarization spectroscopy (1991)

Fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotides as DNA-probes were synthesized and used to monitor hybrid formation, namely to detect DNA or oligonucleotide sequence in solution. The introduction of fluorescein to oligonucleotides was carried out by oxidation of a hydrogen phosphonate linkage with ethylenediamine or hexamethylenediamine as a tether and by a subsequent labeling of the primary amine moiety by FITC. Fluorescence anisotropy, r, was adopted as an index to monitor the behavior of F-probe in solution. An increase in the anisotropy was observed upon an increase in the chain-length of F-probe. When F-Probe formed a hybrid with its complementary oligonucleotide in solution, the r value increased compared to that of F-Probe itself. These observations clearly indicate that measurements of r in solution will readily lead to the monitoring of the presence of a hybrid in solution. Consequently, it is promising to detect a certain nucleic acid sequence in solution using fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotides.
한국인 헬리코박터 파일로리 감염의 진단과 치료 임상 진료지침 개정안 2013 (2013)

Since the Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research has first developed the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in 1998, the revised guideline was proposed in 2009 by the same group. Although the revised guideline was made by comprehensive review of previous articles and consensus of authoritative expert opinions, the evidence-based developmental process was not applied in the revision of the guideline. This new guideline has been revised especially in terms of changes in the indication and treatment of H. pylori infection in Korea, and developed by the adaptation process as evidence-based method; 6 guidelines were retrieved by systematic review and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II process, 21 statements were made with grading system and revised by modified Delphi method. After revision, 11 statements for the indication of test and treatment, 4 statements for the diagnosis and 4 statements for the treatment have been developed, respectively. The revised guideline has been reviewed by external experts before the official endorsement, and will be disseminated for usual clinical practice in Korea. Also, the scheduled update and revision of the guideline will be made periodically. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2013; 62:3-26)
FABRICATION OF PDMS MEMBRANES WITH AQUEOUS MOLDS FOR MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS (2008)

We report a fast method to fabricate freely suspended polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes in situ; the technique is based on the amphiphilic properties of PDMS precursors which spreads on the water/air and water/SU-8 interfaces to form membranes surrounding an aqueous drop. Membranes are manufactured simultaneously with channels patterned on SU8 mold with use of aqueous casts (drops of water or glycerol solution). To test applicability of the method for powerless pumping through microfluidic circuits, we fabricated 200 uL micropipette and droplets generation chip.
Phage Encoded H-NS: A Potential Achilles Heel in the Bacterial Defence System (2011)

The relationship between phage and their microbial hosts is difficult to elucidate in complex natural ecosystems. Engineered systems performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), offer stable, lower complexity communities for studying phage-host interactions. Here, metagenomic data from an EBPR reactor dominated by Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (CAP), led to the recovery of three complete and six partial phage genomes. Heat-stable nucleoid structuring (H-NS) protein, a global transcriptional repressor in bacteria, was identified in one of the complete phage genomes (EPV1), and was most similar to a homolog in CAP. We infer that EPV1 is a CAP-specific phage and has the potential to repress up to 6% of host genes based on the presence of putative H-NS binding sites in the CAP genome. These genes include CRISPR associated proteins and a Type III restriction-modification system, which are key host defense mechanisms against phage infection. Further, EPV1 was the only member of the phage community found in an EBPR microbial metagenome collected seven months prior. We propose that EPV1 laterally acquired H-NS from CAP providing it with a means to reduce bacterial defenses, a selective advantage over other phage in the EBPR system. Phage encoded H-NS could constitute a previously unrecognized weapon in the phage-host arms race.
Interaction between effects of caffeine and lorazepam in performance tests and self-ratings. (1982)

In 18 normal volunteers, lorazepam (2.5 mg) compared with placebo significantly impaired performance in a verbal learning task, in the digit-symbol substitution test, and in symbol copying and number cancellation tasks. These impairments were found equally in subjects with high and low state anxiety and in subjects with high and low trait anxiety. Caffeine citrate (125 to 500 mg) significantly improved performance on the digit-symbol substitution test when given alone and reduced the lorazepam impairment. In the symbol copying test caffeine counteracted the lorazepam impairment. Lorazepam produced a significant loss of appetite and made the subjects feel significantly more dizzy, physically and mentally tired, withdrawn and tranquil, and significantly less anxious. Caffeine citrate (500 mg) counteracted the lorazepam effect of reducing anxiety and making the subjects feel more relaxed.
Self-delivering Nanoemulsions for Dual Fluorine-19 MRI and Fluorescence Detection (2008)

We report the design, synthesis, and biological testing of highly stable, nontoxic perfluoropolyether (PFPE) nanoemulsions for dual 19F MRI-fluorescence detection. A linear PFPE polymer was covalently conjugated to common fluorescent dyes (FITC, Alexa647 and BODIPy-TR), mixed with pluronic F68 and linear polyethyleneimine (PEI), and emulsified by microfluidization. Prepared nanoemulsions (<200 nm) were readily taken up by both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells in vitro after a short (approximately 3 h) co-incubation. Following cell administration in vivo, 19F MRI selectively visualizes cell migration. Exemplary in vivo MRI images are presented of T cells labeled with a dual-mode nanoemulsion in a BALB/c mouse. Fluorescence detection enables fluorescent microscopy and FACS analysis of labeled cells, as demonstrated in several immune cell types including Jurkat cells, primary T cells and dendritic cells. The intracellular fluorescence signal is directly proportional to the 19F NMR signal and can be used to calibrate cell loading in vitro.
cDNA Cloning and Expression of Blo t 11, the <i>Blomia tropicalis</i> Allergen Homologous to Paramyosin (2001)

Blomia tropicalis is an important mite species in many parts of the world and the most predominant mite species in tropical countries. The prevalence of sensitization to this species has probably been underestimated because commercial extracts are largely unavailable. Identification and characterization of B. tropicalis allergens is an important step toward understanding the role of this species in allergic sensitization and could provide appropriate reagents for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This paper describes the isolation, sequence analysis, expression and allergenicity of a cDNA gene coding for a B. tropicalis allergen with homology to paramyosin, a high-molecular-weight allergen previously identified in Dermatophagoides farinae. The full-length Blo t 11 cDNA gene was isolated by cDNA library screening, 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends and long-distance PCR. Sequence analysis was performed with a combination of CLUSTAL W, CGC and BLAST program packages. The cDNA gene was expressed as a GST fusion protein in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography using the glutathione Sepharose column. Allergenicity of the rBlo t 11 was tested by human IgE dot blot immunoassay. Blo t 11 is a 3,111-bp cDNA gene with a 2,625-bp open reading frame coding for an 875-amino acid protein, exhibiting significant homology with different invertebrate paramyosins. The human IgE dot blot immunoassay showed that the rBlo t 11 reacted positively to 52% (33/63) of sera from asthmatic patients. Blo t 11 is the homolog of Der f 11 exhibiting potentially important allergenic activity.
Autoimmune thyroiditis: Pathophysiology and relationship to thyroid cancer (1986)

Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) is one of a myriad of clinical entities associated with the endocrine system. The disease is thought to be a defect in the immune regulatory system. The following report is a study of 112 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis treated over a 10-year period. The incidence of malignancy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis in this study was 6.3%, which correlates well with the incidence of thyroid cancer seen in the general population at autopsy. We have concluded from this study that patients with autoimmune thyroid endocrinopathy are at no greater risk for the development of thyroid malignancy than the general population. A review of the pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders is discussed and recommendations for treatment of patients with Hashimoto's disease is provided.
Nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus subtilis dnaD gene (1995)

The dnaD gene of Bacillus subtilis was identified within a 104 kb DNA segment cloned into a yeast artificial chromosome. The nucleotide sequence of the wild type and dnaD23 mutant genes were determined. dnaD is predicted to encode a protein of 232 amino acids with no similarity to proteins in the data banks.
Preventing Cervical Cancer (2000)

The Pap smear has been the classic screening strategy for preventing cervical cancer for 50 years. The finding that infection with human papillomavirus is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer has prompted the development of new strategies for cervical cancer screening and prevention. In their Policy Forum, Cain and Howett discuss the introduction of HPV testing, anti-HPV microbicidal agents and vaccination against HPV. They point out the benefits but also the potential for over and under treatment and the need for considerable improvements in public education.
6-Amino-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one (2007)

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C8H7NO2, also known as 6-amino­phthalide, is essentially planar. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are connected into supra­molecular double chains via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds that participate in eight-membered (⋯HNH⋯O)2 synthons.
Discovery and Validation of 3 Novel DNA Methylation Markers of Prostate Cancer Prognosis (2007)

We report that methylation of the 3 novel markers GPR7, ABHD9 and Chr3-EST is significantly associated with prostate cancer prognosis. Incorporation of these methylation markers into clinical practice will result in more accurate prediction of which patients are likely to experience PSA recurrence.