gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Hemodynamic Effects of Strontium Chloride in the Intact Dog (1972)

The hemodynamic effects of SrCl2 given intravenously to intact dogs were studied. Sr2+had a positive inotropic effect on the heart, manifested by a rise in peak dp/dt, peak velocity of contractile element (V ce) and a fall in left ventricular end diastolic pressure. This inotropic effect was not mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors, and was maximal at a serum [Sr] of 5-7 mM. The inotropic effect of Sr2+ was associated with an increase in the duration of contraction, and with little if any change in the time to peak dp/dt, and did not appear to be a simple “Ca2+-like” effect. Sr2+ also caused a rise in peripheral resistance in dogs with pharmacological blockade of both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors. These effects appear to be direct actions of the ion on cardiac and arteriolar muscle.
Metal-grating-outcoupled, surface-emitting distributed-feedback diode lasers (1996)

The theoretical analysis of antiphase, surface-emitting, complex-coupled, distributed feedback (SE-CC-DFB) lasers is presented. The specific configuration chosen for analysis is relatively simple: a metallic second order grating placed atop a diode-laser structure. This type of SE-CC-DFB structure can be fabricated by a lift-off and evaporation process; can operate in a single-lobed, orthonormal beam with a rather uniform near-field intensity pattern, and external differential quantum efficiency, ηd, values in excess of 30%. The dependence of the gain threshold on grating duty cycle for both the symmetric and antisymmetric (longitudinal) modes is presented and discussed. The external differential quantum efficiency for the symmetric mode is found to steadily increase with grating length at the expense of the degree of near-field-pattern uniformity.
Bone morphogenetic protein antagonist gremlin-1 regulates colon cancer progression (2014)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are phylogenetically conserved signaling molecules of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of proteins, involved in developmental and (patho)physiological processes, including cancer. BMP signaling has been regarded as tumor-suppressive in colorectal cancer (CRC) by reducing cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and by impairing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we mined existing proteomic repositories to explore the expression of BMPs in CRC. We found that the BMP antagonist gremlin-1 (GREM1) is secreted from heterotypic tumor-host cell interactions. We then sought to investigate whether GREM1 is contextually and mechanistically associated with EMT in CRC. Using immunohistochemistry, we showed that GREM1-expressing stromal cells harbor prominent features of myofibroblasts (i.e., cancer-associated fibroblasts), such as expression of α-smooth muscle actin and laminin-beta-1, and were in contextual proximity to invasion fronts with loss of the tight junction protein occludin and parallel nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, two prominent EMT hallmarks. Furthermore, in vitro assays demonstrated that GREM1-dependent suppression of BMP signaling results in EMT induction, characterized by cadherin switching (loss of E-cadherin-upregulation of N-cadherin) and overexpression of Snail. Collectively, our data support that GREM1 promotes the loss of cancer cell differentiation at the cancer invasion front, a mechanism that may facilitate tumor progression.
Relative Importance of Heat-Labile Enterotoxin in the Causation of Severe Diarrheal Disease in the Gnotobiotic Piglet Model by a Strain of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli That Produces Multiple Enterotoxins (2004)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains that produce multiple enterotoxins are important causes of severe dehydrating diarrhea in human beings and animals, but the relative importance of these enterotoxins in the pathogenesis is poorly understood. Gnotobiotic piglets were used to study the importance of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) in infection with an ETEC strain that produces multiple enterotoxins. LT(-) (DeltaeltAB) and complemented mutants of an F4(+) LT(+) STb(+) EAST1(+) ETEC strain were constructed, and the virulence of these strains was compared in gnotobiotic piglets expressing receptors for F4(+) fimbria. Sixty percent of the piglets inoculated with the LT(-) mutant developed severe dehydrating diarrhea and septicemia compared to 100% of those inoculated with the nalidixic acid-resistant (Nal(r)) parent and 100% of those inoculated with the complemented mutant strain. Compared to piglets inoculated with the Nal(r) parent, the mean rate of weight loss (percent per hour) of those inoculated with the LT(-) mutant was 67% lower (P < 0.05) and that of those inoculated with the complemented strain was 36% higher (P < 0.001). Similarly, piglets inoculated with the LT(-) mutant had significant reductions in the mean bacterial colony count (CFU per gram) in the ileum; bacterial colonization scores (square millimeters) in the jejunum and ileum; and clinical pathology parameters of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and metabolic acidosis (P < 0.05). These results indicate the significance of LT to the development of severe dehydrating diarrhea and postdiarrheal septicemia in ETEC infections of swine and demonstrate that EAST1, LT, and STb may be concurrently expressed by porcine ETEC strains.
Inhibition of carcinogen-induced neoplasia by sodium cyanate, tert-butyl isocyanate, and benzyl isothiocyanate administered subsequent to carcinogen exposure. (1981)

The effects of sodium cyanate, tert-butyl isocyanate, and benzyl isothiocyanate on carcinogen-induced neoplasia were studied in experiments in which the test compound was fed starting 1 week following completion of carcinogen administrations. Under these conditions, all three test compounds exerted an inhibitory effect on the occurrence of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced neoplasia of the breast of Sprague-Dawley rats. In a second experiment model, sodium cyanate inhibited the occurrence of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced neoplasia of the large bowel of female CF-1 mice. Thus, a new group of compounds has been identified which has inhibitory capacities against neoplasia when given subsequent to carcinogen exposure.
Isolation, Structure, Synthesis, and Activity of a New Member of the Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Family from Frog Skin and Molecular Cloning of Its Precursor (2000)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide has been extracted from the skin exudate of a single living specimen of the frog Phyllomedusa bicolor and purified to homogeneity by a two-step protocol. A total volume of 250 microl of exudate yielded 380 microg of purified peptide. Mass spectrometric analysis and gas phase sequencing of the purified peptide as well as chemical synthesis and cDNA analysis were consistent with the structure SCDTSTCATQRLADFLSRSGGIGSPDFVPTDVSANSF amide and the presence of a disulfide bridge linking Cys(2) and Cys(7). The skin peptide, named skin calcitonin gene-related peptide, differs significantly from all other members of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family of peptides at nine positions but binds with high affinity to calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in the rat brain and acts as an agonist in the rat vas deferens bioassay with potencies equal to those of human CGRP. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction coupled with cDNA cloning and sequencing demonstrated that skin calcitonin gene-related peptide isolated in the skin is identical to that present in the frog's central and enteric nervous systems. These data, which indicate for the first time the existence of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the frog skin, add further support to the brain-skin-gut triangle hypothesis as a useful tool in the identification and/or isolation of mammalian peptides that are present in the brain and other tissues in only minute quantities.
Detection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Epiretinal Membranes of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy and Macular Pucker (1998)

The presence of VEGF in all membranes investigated indicates that this cytokine plays an important role in angiogenesis in ischemic retinal disease and in membrane growth in proliferative disorders.
MicroRNAs in plants (2002)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an extensive class of ~22-nucleotide noncoding RNAs thought to regulate gene expression in metazoans. We find that miRNAs are also present in plants, indicating that this class of noncoding RNA arose early in eukaryotic evolution. In this paper 16 Arabidopsis miRNAs are described, many of which have differential expression patterns in development. Eight are absolutely conserved in the rice genome. The plant miRNA loci potentially encode stem-loop precursors similar to those processed by Dicer (a ribonuclease III) in animals. Mutation of an Arabidopsis Dicer homolog, CARPEL FACTORY, prevents the accumulation of miRNAs, showing that similar mechanisms direct miRNA processing in plants and animals. The previously described roles of CARPEL FACTORY in the development of Arabidopsis embryos, leaves, and floral meristems suggest that the miRNAs could play regulatory roles in the development of plants as well as animals.
Is PTEN loss associated with clinical outcome measures in human prostate cancer? (2008)

Inactivating PTEN mutations are commonly found in prostate cancer, resulting in an increased activation of Akt. In this study, we investigate the role of PTEN deletion and protein expression in the development of hormone-refractory prostate cancer using matched hormone-sensitive and hormone-refractory tumours. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry was carried out to investigate PTEN gene deletion and PTEN protein expression in the transition from hormone-sensitive to hormone-refractory prostate cancer utilising 68 matched hormone sensitive and hormone-refractory tumour pairs (one before and one after hormone relapse). Heterogeneous PTEN gene deletion was observed in 23% of hormone sensitive tumours. This increased significantly to 52% in hormone-refractory tumours (P=0.044). PTEN protein expression was observed in the membrane, cytoplasm and the nucleus. In hormone sensitive tumours, low levels of cytoplasmic PTEN was independently associated with shorter time to relapse compared to high levels of PTEN (P=0.028, hazard ratio 0.51 (95%CI 0.27-0.93). Loss of PTEN expression in the nucleus of hormone sensitive tumours was independently associated with disease-specific survival (P=0.031, hazard ratio 0.52, 95%CI 0.29-0.95). The results from this study demonstrate a role for both cytoplasmic and nuclear PTEN in progression of prostate cancer to the hormone-refractory state.
Examination of the antiproliferative activity of iron chelators: multiple cellular targets and the different mechanism of action of triapine compared with desferrioxamine and the potent pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone analogue 311. (2003)

Tumors are sensitive to iron (Fe) chelation therapy with the clinically used chelator desferrioxamine (DFO). Recently, the potent inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, Triapine, has entered clinical trials as an anticancer agent. This compound is a potential Fe chelator, but despite this, no investigations have examined its effect on cellular Fe metabolism. This is essential for understanding its mechanism of action and clinical effects.We compared the effect of Triapine with DFO, and also with the novel Fe chelator, 311, which shows marked antiproliferative activity. This latter ligand was relevant to compare, because it is tridentate like Triapine and shares structural similarity. We assessed the effects of chelators on proliferation, Fe uptake, Fe efflux, the expression of cell cycle control molecules, and iron-regulatory protein-RNA-binding activity. Redox activity was determined by ascorbate oxidation, benzoate hydroxylation, plasmid DNA degradation, and the precipitation of cellular DNA. These studies have been performed using several neuroepithelioma and neuroblastoma cell lines and a variety of normal cell types including fibroblasts, umbilical vein endothelial cells, skeletal muscle cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, and bone marrow stem cells.Triapine was twice as effective as DFO at mobilizing (59)Fe from prelabeled cells but was much less efficient than 311. In terms of preventing (59)Fe uptake from Tf, Triapine and DFO had similar activity, having far less efficacy than 311. All three of the chelators showed greater activity against the proliferation of neoplastic than of normal cells, the effect of 311 and Triapine being similar and these two chelators being significantly (P < 0.0001) more active than DFO. Complexation of Triapine with Fe had no appreciable effect on its antiproliferative activity, whereas addition of Fe totally inhibited the effects of DFO and 311. Furthermore, the Triapine Fe complex was shown to be redox active.The cytotoxic mechanism of action of Triapine was different from that of DFO and 311, with the combined action of Fe chelation and free radical generation being involved.
Identification of a putative eukaryotic-like protein kinase family in the developmental bacterium Myxococcus xanthus (1992)

Myxococcus xanthus is a gram-negative bacterium which, upon starvation, undergoes a spectacular developmental cycle culminating in the formation of spore-filled fruiting bodies. We recently characterized a protein serine-threonine kinase (Pkn1) that is required for normal development (J. Munoz-Dorado, S. Inouye, and M. Inouye, Cell 67:995-1006, 1991). pkn1 was cloned by polymerase chain reaction amplification with primers designed from conserved sequences in eukaryotic protein kinases. In this study, a fragment of the pkn1 gene and an oligonucleotide corresponding to another highly conserved region were employed as probes for Southern blot analyses, which indicated that there are at least 26 putative kinase genes in M. xanthus. Most of the putative kinase genes were cloned, and complete or partial sequencing of eight clones revealed that they indeed contained highly conserved sequences present in eukaryotic kinases. These results suggest that complex kinase cascades similar to those described for eukaryotes might be involved in regulation of the M. xanthus life cycle.
Inhibition of Intravascular Thrombosis and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Gene Therapy (1995)

Intravascular thrombosis, smooth muscle cell proliferation and matrix production lead to arterial luminal narrowing and reduction of blood flow to various organs. Alteration of gene expression of the arterial wall cells to inhibit thrombosis and smooth muscle activation is emerging as a new and exciting therapeutic modality for cardiovascular pathology. We have used genetically modified endothelial cells to seed endovascular prostheses and tested cell adhesion to the prostheses both in vitro and in vivo. We also used two catheter-based systems to deliver genes directly to the arterial wall cells in vivo employing retroviral and adenoviral vectors. With efficient vectors for gene transfer and high level expression of proteins by the transduced cells, gene therapy will serve as a major therapy for post-angioplasty restenosis, unstable angina pectoris and vascular grafts stenosis.
Stroke in Estrogen Receptor-α–Deficient Mice (2000)

Loss of ERalpha does not enhance tissue damage in the female animal, suggesting that estrogen inhibits brain injury by mechanisms that do not depend on activation of this receptor subtype.
Allelochemicals: Role in Agriculture and Forestry (1987)

How to deal with pests that attack cultivated plants is a continuing challenge to the food and agricultural production system. Natural resistance or tolerance to pests has proven to be one of the safest and least costly ways to protect plants. As we identify the specific plant components involved and their actions, it will be easier to incorporate into the plant the capacity to produce the desired chemical. There is the further possibility of identifying additional natural chemicals that may be useful as pest control materials, through the use of natural products or products of industrial synthesis patterned after the natural products. It is clear that allelochemicals are involved in these complex processes and they hold promise for even greater applications. Expanded research in the new biotechnologies offers great potential for further development of allelochemicals.
Modeling optical fiber dynamics for increased efficiencies in scanning fiber applications (2005)

A cantilevered singlemode optical fiber is base-excited to create 2D amplitude-modulated resonant motion as a basis for a scanning fiber endoscope (SFE). Over the past few years, prototype SFEs have been developed with smaller sizes of the distal rigid tip which houses the fiber scanner. Our current prototype is 2 mm in diameter with 15 mm rigid length at the tip of a highly flexible shaft. A spiral scan pattern at 40 degrees field of view generates 250 rings (500 lines) at greater than 10 frames per second with negligible distortion at 10 micron resolution. Future SFEs will use microfabrication techniques to sculpt the optical fiber cantilever to form tapered and microlensed tips for the purpose of increasing field of view without increasing electrical power. Microfabrication of complex optical fiber geometries is guided by linear and nonlinear dynamic models of the resonant motion of these fiberoptic scanners. Linear finite element analysis (FEA) is used to match low amplitude motions of tapered and notched fiber geometries, indicating that more flexible regions or hinges can be designed into future fiber scanners for increased amplitude of motion without sacrificing frequency. Nonlinear models of the fiber dynamics are developed and the results help predict the more complex behavior of microfabricated fiber scanners at wider fields of view. Thus, sophisticated fiber dynamics models are used to guide the development of more efficient scanning fiber image acquisition sensors and systems, such as ultrathin flexible SFEs and low-cost sensors.
Nearest neighbor and reverse nearest neighbor queries for moving objects (2003)

With the proliferation of wireless communications and the rapid advances in technologies for tracking the positions of continuously moving objects, algorithms for efficiently answering queries about large numbers of moving objects increasingly are needed. One such query is the reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) query that returns the objects that have a query object as their closest object. While algorithms have been proposed that compute RNN queries for non-moving objects, there have been no proposals for answering RNN queries for continuously moving objects. Another such query is the nearest neighbor (NN) query, which has been studied extensively and in many contexts. Like the RNN query, the NN query has not been explored for moving query and data points. This paper proposes an algorithm for answering RNN queries for continuously moving points in the plane. As a part of the solution to this problem and as a separate contribution, an algorithm for answering NN queries for continuously moving points is also proposed. The results of performance experiments are reported.
Interleukin-11 Modulates Th1/Th2 Cytokine Production from Activated CD4 + T Cells (2001)

Recombinant human interleukin-11 (rHuIL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine with effects on multiple cell types. rHuIL-11 reduces activated macrophage activity and downregulates production of proinflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO). In vitro and in vivo, rHuIL-11 inhibits production of key immunostimulatory cytokines, including IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). rHuIL-11 has recently demonstrated immunomodulatory activity to downregulate IFN-gamma production, increase IL-4 production, and reduce inflammatory tissue injury in a human psoriasis clinical trial. The cellular mechanisms of these effects are not fully elucidated. We demonstrate here that expression of gp130 and IL-11 receptor (IL-11R) alpha mRNA, components of the IL-11R complex, are detected in human and murine CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes, suggesting that rHuIL-11 can directly interact with T cells. In a cell culture model of murine T cell differentiation, rHuIL-11 acts to inhibit IL-2 production as well as IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production and enhances IL-4 and IL-10 production. rHuIL-11 had no effect on T cell proliferation. The ability of rHuIL-11 to modulate cytokine production from activated CD4(+) T cells provides a mechanism through which rHuIL-11 may ameliorate such inflammatory diseases as psoriasis.
Isolation of a Somatomedin-Binding Protein from Preterm Amniotic Fluid. Development of a Radioimmunoassay* (1984)

Amniotic fluid binding protein (AFBP) is a heat and acid stable somatomedin (Sm)-binding protein with a mol wt of 35-40,000 and an isoelectric point of +/- 4.7. It is reactive in RRAs for Sm and inhibits Sm activity in Sm bioassays. AFBP was purified from midgestational human amniotic fluid (AF) using acid-ethanol extraction, Sephadex G-150 chromatography, high speed gel filtration chromatography, and disc gel-electrophoresis. Specific binding activity (microgram equivalents per mg protein) was quantitated by incubation with 125I-insulin-like growth factor II and dextran-coated charcoal separation. Protein recovery was less than 1%. AFBP antiserum was produced by immunizing rabbits with purified AFBP. The antiserum was cleared of human serum albumin antibodies by affinity chromatography. Immunoelectrophoresis of 20x concentrated preterm AF and fetal serum resulted in one precipitin line. AFBP was labeled by the chloramine-T method. The AFBP antiserum specifically bound +/- 35% of added 125I-AFBP at a final dilution of 1:5000. A double antibody RIA was developed. The AFBP level measured by RIA in midgestation AF (n = 30) was 148 +/- 18 (SEM) and in term AF (n = 12) 72 +/- 36 mu geq/ml. Insulin-like growth factor I/Sm-C values (determined by RIA) in the same samples were uniformly very low (less than 0.10 U/ml). When serum was chromatographed on Sephadex G-200 at pH 2.2, AFBP-RIA activity eluted in one peak corresponding to a mol wt of 35-40,000. Highest activity was found in fetal serum (gestational age +/- 20 weeks) and lowest in serum from adults. The development of the AFBP-RIA may contribute to further elucidation of the physiological importance of Sm and the Sm-binding proteins in pre- and postnatal growth.
On Improving Transient Performance in Tracking Control for a Class of Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems With Input Saturation (2007)

Quick response and small overshoot are two desired transient performances of target tracking control. While most of the design schemes compromise between these two performances, we try to achieve both simultaneously for the tracking control of a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems with input saturation by using a composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) control technique. The closed-loop system with improved transient performance preserves the stability of the nonlinear part of the partially linear composite system.
Quantum Gravity Gradiometer Development for Space (2006)

Abstract—Funded by the Advanced Technology Component Program, we have completed the development of a laboratory-based quantum gravity gradiometer based on atom interferom-eter technology. This is our first step towards a new space-borne gradiometer instrument, which can significantly contribute to global gravity mapping and monitoring important in the understanding of the solid earth, ice and oceans, and dynamic processes. In this paper, we will briefly review the principles and technical benefits of atom-wave interferometer-based inertial sen-sors in space. We will then describe the technical implementation of the laboratory setup and report its status. We will also discuss our implementation plan for the next generation instrument. I.