gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene expression profiles of human melanoma cells with different invasive potential reveal TSPAN8 as a novel mediator of invasion (2010)

TSPAN8 expression may enable melanoma cells to cross the cutaneous basement membrane, leading to dermal invasion and progression to metastasis. TSPAN8 could be a promising target in early detection and treatment of melanoma.
Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Third Edition (2008)

The <i>Journal of Biomedical Optics</i> (JBO) is a Gold Open Access journal that publishes peer-reviewed papers on the use of novel optical systems and techniques for improved health care and biomedical research.
MacINTOSH ARTHROPLASTY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (1978)

The results of 94 Macintosh arthroplasties in 71 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined by an independent assessor, a mean of 47.9 months post-operatively. The results were graded as good, fair or poor on the basis of the patient′s opinion, functional status and joint examination. There were 49 good results, 23 fair and 22 poor of whom 10 had been converted to total knee replacements. Better results were achieved with a single medial or lateral prosthesis even in the presence of bicompartmental disease. A minimum five-year follow-up in 28 cases showed the same results as the whole group, suggesting that there is little deterioration with time. It is concluded that Macintosh arthroplasty remains a useful procedure, has a low incidence of complications and can be converted to knee replacement. It remains difficult to predict factors likely to produce poor results.
The isolation and characterization of the tropomyosin binding component (TN-T) of bovine cardiac troponin (1976)

The tropomyosin binding component (TN-T) of troponin was purified from bovine cardiac muscle using a combination of ion exchange chromatographies in the presence of urea. Sedimentation equilibrium experiments suggest a molecular weight for cardiac TN-T of 36 300 +/- 2 000, consistent with a value of 37 000 +/- 1 000 determining by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Calculations based upon circular dichroism spectra indicate an apparent alpha-helical content of 43 +/- 3% for TN-T. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the effects of the calcium binding component (TN-C) upon the solubility of TN-T suggest that the two cardiac troponin components can interact with each other. Cosedimentation analysis of solutions containing cardiac tropomyosin and TN-T provide evidence for complex formation involving these two proteins. The data presented on the physical and chemical properties of TN-T, as well as the interaction studies indicate that the cardiac muscle regulatory system operates in a manner similar to that proposed for skeletal muscle.
H3N2 Mismatch of 2014–15 Northern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccines and Head-to-head Comparison between Human and Ferret Antisera derived Antigenic Maps (2015)

The poor performance of 2014-15 Northern Hemisphere (NH) influenza vaccines was attributed to mismatched H3N2 component with circulating epidemic strains. Using human serum samples collected from 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2014-15 NH influenza vaccine trials, we assessed their cross-reactive hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody responses against recent H3 epidemic isolates. All three populations (children, adults, and older adults) vaccinated with the 2014-15 NH egg- or cell-based vaccine, showed >50% reduction in HAI post-vaccination geometric mean titers against epidemic H3 isolates from those against egg-grown H3 vaccine strain A/Texas/50/2012 (TX/12e). The 2014-15 NH vaccines, regardless of production type, failed to further extend HAI cross-reactivity against H3 epidemic strains from previous seasonal vaccines. Head-to-head comparison between ferret and human antisera derived antigenic maps revealed different antigenic patterns among representative egg- and cell-grown H3 viruses characterized. Molecular modeling indicated that the mutations of epidemic H3 strains were mainly located in antibody-binding sites A and B as compared with TX/12e. To improve vaccine strain selection, human serologic testing on vaccination-induced cross-reactivity need be emphasized along with virus antigenic characterization by ferret model.
A randomised phase II study of modified FOLFIRI.3 vs modified FOLFOX as second-line therapy in patients with gemcitabine-refractory advanced pancreatic cancer (2009)

Both mFOLFIRI.3 and mFOLFOX regimens were tolerated with manageable toxicity, offering modest activities as second-line treatments for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, previously treated with gemcitabine.
Transductive Face Sketch-Photo Synthesis (2013)

Face sketch-photo synthesis plays a critical role in many applications, such as law enforcement and digital entertainment. Recently, many face sketch-photo synthesis methods have been proposed under the framework of inductive learning, and these have obtained promising performance. However, these inductive learning-based face sketch-photo synthesis methods may result in high losses for test samples, because inductive learning minimizes the empirical loss for training samples. This paper presents a novel transductive face sketch-photo synthesis method that incorporates the given test samples into the learning process and optimizes the performance on these test samples. In particular, it defines a probabilistic model to optimize both the reconstruction fidelity of the input photo (sketch) and the synthesis fidelity of the target output sketch (photo), and efficiently optimizes this probabilistic model by alternating optimization. The proposed transductive method significantly reduces the expected high loss and improves the synthesis performance for test samples. Experimental results on the Chinese University of Hong Kong face sketch data set demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing it with representative inductive learning-based face sketch-photo synthesis methods.
Effects of prednisolone and thalidomide on induced submandibular gland tumors in hamsters. (1966)

No significant difference in the incidence of induced fibrosarcomas in hamster submandibular glands was noted when the animals were given a single intraglandular injection of 100, 200, 500, and 1000 µg of prednisolone concurrently with administration of 0.05 ml of 0.5% 7:12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA) in liquid petrolatum. There was, however, an inhibitory trend when, in addition to the initial intraglandular injection of 500 µg of prednisolone, the same amount was injected i.p. every week throughout the experiment. There was a higher but insignificant incidence of metastasis in prednisolone-treated hamsters as compared to the controls.

Thalidomide failed to show any influence on induced tumors when given to hamsters in a similar procedure using 3 dosage levels, a single 5- or 10-mg dose, and a 5-mg initial injection plus 5 mg/week.
Increased expression of vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) and its receptors in kidney and bladder carcinomas. (1993)

Vascular permeability factor (VPF), also known as vascular endothelial growth factor, is a secreted protein implicated in tumor-associated microvascular hyperpermeability and angiogenesis. Tumor cells in 11 of 12 renal cell carcinomas expressed high levels of VPF messenger RNA (mRNA) by in situ hybridization, the only exception being a case of the relatively avascular papillary variant. Expression was further accentuated adjacent to areas of necrosis. Both tumor cells and endothelial cells in small vessels adjacent to tumor stained strongly for VPF protein by immunohistochemistry. Endothelial cells did not express detectable VPF mRNA, but did express high levels of mRNA for the VPF receptors flt-1 and KDR indicating that the endothelial cell staining likely reflects binding of VPF secreted by adjacent tumor cells. Three transitional cell carcinomas also labeled strongly for VPF mRNA. These data suggest an important role for VPF in the vascular biology of these two common human malignancies.
A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE AND CLASSIFICATION FOR AN AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEM (1994)

This paper presents a reference architecture for an AHS (Automatic Highway System) and a classification of AHS technologies. The architecture has the following layers: Functional, Form, Physical, and Carrier. The architecture has been used to develop a hierarchical classification using rank-directed Group Technology (GT). Thus information about AHS configurations is suitable for computational analysis, including risk assessment, maintainability, reliability, and operational analysis. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 868006.
A 101-kilodalton heme-binding protein associated with congo red binding and virulence of Shigella flexneri and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli strains (1989)

The ability of Shigella flexneri to bind Congo red or hemin is associated with virulence. A 101-kilodalton (kDa) protein responsible for this phenotype (Crb+) in S. flexneri was identified by a tetramethylbenzidine staining procedure which detects heme-protein complexes in polyacrylamide gels. Labeling of cell-surface polypeptides with 125I revealed that the 101-kDa heme-binding protein is expressed on the cell surface. Expression of the protein was regulated by growth temperature and was found to be encoded by the large virulence plasmid of S. flexneri. Deletion mutants and a Tn5 insertion mutant which were negative for Congo red binding (Crb-) did not express the 101-kDa protein. Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli strains that were Crb+, and whose plasmids shared homology with the S. flexneri virulence plasmid, also expressed the 101-kDa protein. Expression of the protein in S. flexneri and enteroinvasive E. coli correlated with the presence of a 9.2-kilobase EcoRI fragment of these plasmids.
Capacity improvement adaptive channel allocation (2003)

Simulations show that adaptive channel allocation significantly increases the capacity of a system as compared to traditional fixed channel allocation. With 90 channels it is possible to carry 10 erlangs per cell, with a blocking of 2.4% at initial access, and with a neglectable number of calls lost during handover. This is estimated to be almost twice the capacity of a system with fixed channel allocation. Two different algorithms are studied. In the first algorithm all channels can be used both at call setup and after a handover, while in the second algorithm 10% of the channels are reserved for hand-over only, in order to minimize the number of lost calls.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Primary structures of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2, B1, and C2 proteins: a diversity of RNA binding proteins is generated by small peptide inserts. (1989)

We have isolated cDNAs for the major heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2, B1, and C2 proteins and determined their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences. The A2 and B1 cDNAs are identical except for a 36-nucleotide in-frame insert in B1. Similarly, the sequence of the C2 protein cDNA is related to that of C1 in that C2 contains an extra 39 in-frame nucleotides. Therefore, the B1 amino acid sequence is identical to A2 except for the insertion of 12 amino acids near its amino terminus, and C1 and C2 are also identical to each other except for an extra 13 amino acids near the middle of C2. All three proteins are members of a large family of RNA binding proteins that contain the consensus sequence-type RNA binding domain (CS-RBD). The A2 and B1 proteins have a modular structure similar to that of the hnRNP protein A1: they contain two CS-RBDs and a glycine-rich auxiliary domain at the carboxyl terminus. The CS-RBDs of A2 and B1 have approximately 80% amino acid identity with those of A1, whereas the glycine-rich auxiliary domain is considerably more divergent with less than 30% of the amino acids being identical. These findings indicate that the addition of small peptides, probably by alternative pre-mRNA splicing, generates some of the diversity apparent among hnRNP proteins.
Microvascular pericytes contain muscle and nonmuscle actins. (1985)

We have affinity-fractionated rabbit antiactin immunoglobulins (IgG) into classes that bind preferentially to either muscle or nonmuscle actins. The pools of muscle- and nonmuscle-specific actin antibodies were used in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy to characterize the actin in vascular pericytes, endothelial cells (EC), and smooth muscle cells (SMC) in vitro and in situ. Nonmuscle-specific antiactin IgG stained the stress fibers of cultured EC and pericytes but did not stain the stress fibers of cultured SMC, although the cortical cytoplasm associated with the plasma membrane of SMC did react with nonmuscle-specific antiactin. Whereas the muscle-specific antiactin IgG failed to stain EC stress fibers and only faintly stained their cortical cytoplasm, these antibodies reacted strongly with the fiber bundles of cultured SMC and pericytes. Similar results were obtained in situ. The muscle-specific antiactin reacted strongly with the vascular SMC of arteries and arterioles as well as with the perivascular cells (pericytes) associated with capillaries and post-capillary venules. The non-muscle-specific antiactin stained the endothelium and the pericytes but did not react with SMC. These findings indicate that pericytes in culture and in situ possess both muscle and nonmuscle isoactins and support the hypothesis that the pericyte may represent the capillary and venular correlate of the SMC.
Nonphosphorylated Peptide Ligands for the Grb2 Src Homology 2 Domain (1997)

Critical intracellular signals in normal and malignant cells are transmitted by the adaptor protein Grb2 by means of its Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, which binds to phosphotyrosyl (pTyr) residues generated by the activation of tyrosine kinases. To understand this important control point and to design inhibitors, previous investigations have focused on the molecular mechanisms by which the Grb2 SH2 domain selectively binds pTyr containing peptides. In the current study, we demonstrate that the Grb2 SH2 domain can also bind in a pTyr independent manner. Using phage display, an 11-amino acid cyclic peptide, G1, has been identified that binds to the Grb2 SH2 domain but not the src SH2 domain. Synthetic G1 peptide blocks Grb2 SH2 domain association (IC50 10-25 microM) with a 9-amino acid pTyr-containing peptide derived from the SHC protein (pTyr317). These data and amino acid substitution analysis indicate that G1 interacts in the phosphopeptide binding site. G1 peptide requires a YXN sequence similar to that found in natural pTyr-containing ligands, and phosphorylation of the tyrosine increases G1 inhibitory activity. G1 also requires an internal disulfide bond to maintain the active binding conformation. Since the G1 peptide does not contain pTyr, it defines a new type of SH2 domain binding motif that may advance the design of Grb2 antagonists.
Solid phasein vitromutagenesis using plasmid DNA template (1990)

Site-specific mutagenesis was accomplished using a solid support to generate single stranded vector and insert fragments which can be used to form gap-duplex plasmids through flanking, complementary double stranded regions. More than 80% mutants were obtained in both a single and a double primer approach. No special vectors or strains are needed and mismatch repair is avoided as the mutagenesis region is in a single stranded form when transformed into the Escherichia coli host cell. The fragments to be immobilized can be produced either by a polymerase chain reaction using general primers or by a site-specific restriction followed by a fill-in reaction. This novel method is rapid, simple and flexible and well suited for both manual and semi-automated in vitro mutagenesis protocols.
An amino acid as a cofactor for a catalytic polynucleotide (1998)

Natural ribozymes require metal ion cofactors that aid both in structural folding and in chemical catalysis. In contrast, many protein enzymes produce dramatic rate enhancements using only the chemical groups that are supplied by their constituent amino acids. This fact is widely viewed as the most important feature that makes protein a superior polymer for the construction of biological catalysts. Herein we report the in vitro selection of a catalytic DNA that uses histidine as an active component for an RNA cleavage reaction. An optimized deoxyribozyme from this selection requires L-histidine or a closely related analog to catalyze RNA phosphoester cleavage, producing a rate enhancement of approximately 1-million-fold over the rate of substrate cleavage in the absence of enzyme. Kinetic analysis indicates that a DNA-histidine complex may perform a reaction that is analogous to the first step of the proposed catalytic mechanism of RNase A, in which the imidazole group of histidine serves as a general base catalyst. Similarly, ribozymes of the "RNA world" may have used amino acids and other small organic cofactors to expand their otherwise limited catalytic potential.
An algebraic approach to file synchronization (2001)

A file synchronizer restores consistency after multiple replicas of a filesystem have been changed independently. We present an algebra for reasoning about operations on filesystems and show that it is sound and complete with respect to a simple model. The algebra enables us to specify a file-synchronization algorithm that can be combined with several different conflict-resolution policies. By contrast, previous work builds the conflict-resolution policy into the specification, or worse, does not specify the synchronizer's behavior precisely. We classify synchronizers by asking whether conflicts can be resolved at a single disconnected replica and whether all replicas are identical after synchronization. We also discuss timestamps and argue that there is no good way to propagate timestamps when there is severe clock skew between replicas.
The role of gesture in multimodal referring actions (2003)

When deictic gestures are produced on a touch screen, they can take forms which can lead to several sorts of ambiguities. Considering that the resolution of a multimodal reference requires the identification of the referents and of the context ("reference domain") from which these referents are extracted, we focus on the linguistic, gestural, and visual clues that a dialogue system may exploit to comprehend the referring intention. We explore the links between words, gestures and perceptual groups, doing so in terms of the clues that delimit the reference domain. We also show the importance of taking the domain into account for dialogue management, particularly for the comprehension of further utterances, when they seem to implicitly use a pre-existing restriction to a subset of objects. We propose a strategy of multimodal reference resolution based on this notion of reference domain, and we illustrate its efficiency with prototypic examples built from a study of significant referring situations extracted from a corpus. We also present the future directions of our works, concerning some linguistic and task aspects that are not integrated here.
amdSYM, a new dominant recyclable marker cassette forSaccharomyces cerevisiae (2012)

Despite the large collection of selectable marker genes available for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, marker availability can still present a hurdle when dozens of genetic manipulations are required. Recyclable markers, counterselectable cassettes that can be removed from the targeted genome after use, are therefore valuable assets in ambitious metabolic engineering programs. In the present work, the new recyclable dominant marker cassette amdSYM, formed by the Ashbya gossypii TEF2 promoter and terminator and a codon-optimized acetamidase gene (Aspergillus nidulans amdS), is presented. The amdSYM cassette confers S. cerevisiae the ability to use acetamide as sole nitrogen source. Direct repeats flanking the amdS gene allow for its efficient recombinative excision. As previously demonstrated in filamentous fungi, loss of the amdS marker cassette from S. cerevisiae can be rapidly selected for by growth in the presence of fluoroacetamide. The amdSYM cassette can be used in different genetic backgrounds and represents the first counterselectable dominant marker gene cassette for use in S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, using astute cassette design, amdSYM excision can be performed without leaving a scar or heterologous sequences in the targeted genome. The present work therefore demonstrates that amdSYM is a useful addition to the genetic engineering toolbox for Saccharomyces laboratory, wild, and industrial strains.
Maximum Discrimination Hidden Markov Models of Sequence Consensus (1995)

We introduce a maximum discrimination method for building hidden Markov models (HMMs) of protein or nucleic acid primary sequence consensus. The method compensates for biased representation in sequence data sets, superseding the need for sequence weighting methods. Maximum discrimination HMMs are more sensitive for detecting distant sequence homologs than various other HMM methods or BLAST when tested on globin and protein kinase catalytic domain sequences.
Oxacycle Synthesis via Radical Cyclization of β‐Alkoxyacrylates (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Method for the Synthesis of (S)-α-Methylisoserine and Its Incorporation into Peptides (1996)

(S)-(+)-Citramalic acid is converted into isocyanate 4 using hexafluoroacetone as the protecting agent. Isocyanate 4 represents a doubly activated species, which upon reaction with alcohols provides N-protected, carboxyl-activated α-methylisoserine derivatives, perfectly suited for peptide synthesis (5 → 8). Acylation of 4 with N-protected amino acids gives fully protected carboxyl-activated dipeptides. Ring opening with amino acid esters results in the formation of tripeptides (9 → 10).
RECENT FINDINGS ON MEDFLY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR: IMPLICATIONS FOR SIT (2002)

The preceding papers presented in this issue represent some of the activities of a group of researchers working on fruit fly mating behavior as it relates to the use of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). The group was co-ordinated and partially funded by the FAO/IAEA Joint Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna Austria. A variety of approaches were used to examine lekking and courtship behavior of wild and mass-reared fruit flies including video analysis, morphometrics, physiological status, geographical variation and field cage evaluation. No major qualitative differences could be demonstrated between mass-reared males and wild males, although there were some specific changes related to mass rearing and irradiation. Many studies were carried out using field-caged host trees and the results of this work have led to the establishment of a standardized protocol that is now followed by all fruit fly programs using the SIT. Using these cage studies it was shown that there are no barriers to mating between medfly populations from many parts of the world. This information is of major relevance as it permits sterile flies to be shipped from one program to another. It also has some significance for the eventual commercialization of the SIT. The use of various compounds to improve the mating success of mass reared males could have a major impact on the efficiency of SIT programs. However, the initial experiments reported here will need to be expanded before this approach can be integrated into operational programs.