gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Moore's law in homeland defense: an integrated sensor platform based on silicon microcantilevers (2005)

An urgent need exists for the development of inexpensive, highly selective, and extremely sensitive sensors to help combat terrorism. If such sensors can be made miniature, they could be deployed in virtually any situation. Terrorists have a wide variety of potential agents and delivery means to choose from for chemical, biological, radiological, or explosive attacks. Detecting terrorist weapons has become a complex and expensive endeavor, because a multitude of sensor platforms is currently needed to detect the various types of threats. The ability to mass produce and cost effectively deploy a single type of sensor that can detect a wide range of threats is essential in winning the war on terrorism. Silicon-based microelectromechanical sensors (MEMS) represent an ideal sensor platform for combating terrorism because these miniature sensors are inexpensive and can be deployed almost anywhere. Recently, the high sensitivity of MEMS-based microcantilever sensors has been demonstrated in the detection of a variety of threats. Therefore, the critical requirements for a single, miniature sensor platform have been met and the realization of an integrated, widely deployable MEMS sensor could be near.
Reading RNA methylation codes through methyl-specific binding proteins (2014)

N (6)-methyladenosine (m (6)A) is a prevalent modification of eukaryotic mRNAs. It regulates yeast cell fate and is essential to the development and fertility of metazoans. Although its presence in mRNA has been known since the early 1970s, the function of m (6)A remained a mystery until the spate of discoveries in the past three years. Here, we focus on the discovery of m (6)A "readers" (proteins that specifically recognize m (6)A), and their functions in tuning mRNA stability, as well as the broader significance of such m (6)A-dependent regulation of gene expression.
Modified progressive edge-growth algorithm based LDPC coded-modulation for 400 Gb/s optical transport (2010)

We propose a polarization-multiplexed iterative polar quantization (IPQ)-based LDPC-coded-modulation scheme suitable for beyond 400 Gb/s serial optical transmission. The component LDPC codes are designed using modified progressive edge-growth (MPEG) algorithm. The proposed scheme employs 32-IPQ-based-modulation.
NMR Spectral Analysis and Hydrolysis Studies of Rebaudioside N, a Minor Steviol Glycoside of &lt;i&gt;Stevia rebaudiana&lt;/i&gt; Bertoni (2013)

The complete proton and carbon NMR spectral assignments of a diterpene glycoside isolated from the commercial extract of the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, 13-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy] entkaur-16-en-19-oic acid-[(2-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) ester] (1); also known as rebaudioside N, was achieved by the extensive 1D and 2D NMR (1H and 13C, COSY, HMQC, HMBC) as well as mass spectral data. Further, hydrolysis studies were performed on rebaudioside N using acid and enzymatic studies to identify aglycone and sugar residues in its structure.
Minitablets: New Modality to Deliver Medicines to Preschool-Aged Children (2009)

This study demonstrated the potential to use minitablets for the treatment of preschool-aged children and suggests that minitablets can be used as a potential new formulation for children in this age range.
Serological evaluation of melanoma patients in a phase I/II trial of vaccinia melanoma oncolysate (VMO) immunotherapy. (1987)

Vaccinia melanoma oncolysates (VMO) were tested in a Southeastern Cancer Study Group (SECSG)-sponsored phase I/II multiinstitutional trial. Forty-eight patients with stage I or II disease were placed on study at six different dose levels of VMO and two different dose schedules, immediate or delayed. Patients' sera, obtained before treatment and every 3 months following initiation of treatment, were tested for antimelanoma antibodies using a Staphylococcus protein A (SpA) assay. Pretreatment sera were negative in 46 of 47 patients, and only two of 19 patients on delayed treatment developed reactivity by 6 months. However, 13 of 23 on immediate treatment developed reactivity, including eight of eight at the higher doses (1.5 and 2.0 mg). Neither anti-HLA antibody tested by a standard microcytotoxicity assay nor circulating immune complexes measured by both Clq and conglutinin binding assays were produced as a result of the immunization. The demonstration of immunogenicity of VMO at the 2 mg dose and immediate schedule supported the rationale for the use of this dose and schedule for the ongoing second phase Ia/Ib trial and for the future phase III randomized prospective study.
Number theoretic attacks on secure password schemes (2002)

Encrypted Key Exchange (EKE) (S. Bellovin and M. Merritt, 1992; 1993) allows two parties sharing a password to exchange authenticated information over an insecure network by using a combination of public and secret key cryptography. EKE promises security against active attacks and dictionary attacks. Other secure protocols have been proposed based on the use of randomized confounders (L. Gong et al., 1993). We use some basic results from number theory to present password guessing attacks on all versions of EKE discussed in the paper (S. Bellovin and M. Merritt, 1992) and we also offer countermeasures to the attacks. However for the RSA version of EKE, we show that simple modifications are not enough to rescue the protocol. Attacks are also presented on half encrypted versions of EKE. We also show how randomized confounders cannot protect Direct Authentication Protocol and Secret Public Key Protocol versions of a secure password scheme from attacks. We discuss why these attacks are possible against seemingly secure protocols and what is necessary to make secure protocols.
Electrical protein detection in cell lysates using high-density peptide-aptamer microarrays (2008)

The use of peptide aptamers selected in vivo to recognize specific protein isoforms, the ability to functionalize each microelectrode individually, the electronic nature and scalability of the label-free detection and the scalability of the array fabrication combine to yield the potential for highly multiplexed devices with increasingly small detection areas and higher sensitivities that may ultimately allow the simultaneous monitoring of tens or hundreds of thousands of protein isoforms.
Differences in bone responses to recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor between mice and rats (2008)

The authors previously demonstrated that high doses of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) induce bone changes characterized by accelerated osteoclastic bone resorption and osteogenesis due to intramembranous ossification in rats. As a basis for future analysis of the mechanisms of rhG-CSF-induced bone changes, the present study was undertaken to determine whether the bone changes observed in rats are also induced in mice. The experiment was conducted under the conditions that clearly induce bone changes in rats. Namely, 4- or 6-week-old mice received a subcutaneous injection of rhG-CSF (1,000 or 5,000 microg/kg) for 14 or 28 days, and then the femur and tibia were evaluated histopathologically. A marked increase in peripheral blood leukocyte counts, prominent splenomegaly, and a marked increase in the number of granulopoietic cells in the bone marrow, all of which are related to the major pharmacological activity of G-CSF, was observed in the rhG-CSF-treated mice. The histopathological changes observed in the rat bone, such as accelerated osteoclastic bone resorption and osteogenesis due to intramembranous ossification, were not detected in mice. These results suggest that there is a species-related difference between mice and rats in the response of the bone to rhG-CSF treatment, and that the reactivity in mice is lower than in rats.
Endotoxin-induced cytokine gene expression in vivo. III. IL-6 mRNA and serum protein expression and the in vivo hematologic effects of IL-6 (1991)

Endotoxin (LPS) at sublethal doses injected i.v. into rats was found to induce IL-6 mRNA expression peaking at 1 to 2 h in whole organ RNA preparations of the spleen, liver, lung, bowel, and kidney. IL-6 serum protein levels also peaked at 2 h. TNF and IL-1, generally considered to be among the most rapidly released cytokines, also induced IL-6 expression. IL-6 in turn inhibited TNF and IL-1 expression, suggesting that IL-6 may be part of a negative feedback mechanism in the cytokine cascade. Dexamethasone down-regulated and Corynebacterium parvum up-regulated IL-6 expression, although the possibility cannot be excluded that these immunomodulating factors may in part have exerted their effects indirectly via the up- and down-regulation of TNF and IL-1. IL-6 injected i.v. at a pathophysiologically relevant dose caused a peripheral neutrophilia and mild myeloproliferative effect in the bone marrow.
Historical review of microbend fiber-optic sensors (1995)

This paper traces microbend sensors from the early investigative work into initial applications to measure many different parameters, through advanced prototype development and commercial hardware. Advantages and disadvantages of microbend sensors are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Natural antisense transcript stabilizes inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA in rat hepatocytes (2007)

The natural AS transcript of the iNOS gene interacts with iNOS mRNA and may play an important role in the stability of iNOS mRNA. This RNA-RNA interaction may be a new therapeutic target for NO-mediating inflammatory diseases.
Band 6 protein, a major constituent of desmosomes from stratified epithelia, is a novel member of the armadillo multigene family (1994)

ABSTRACT Desmosomes are intercellular adhering junctions characteristic of epithelial cells. Several constitutive proteins-desmoplakin, plakoglobin and the transmembrane glycoproteins desmoglein and desmocollin-have been identified as fundamental constituents of desmosomes in all tissues. A number of additional and cell type-specific constituents also contribute to desmosomal plaque formation. Among these proteins is the band 6 polypeptide (B6P). This positively charged, non-glycosylated protein is a major constituent of the plaque in stratified and complex glandular epithelia. Using an overlay assay we show that purified keratins bind in vitro to B6P. Thus B6P may play a role in ordering intermediate filament networks of adjacent epithelial cells. To characterize the structure of B6P in the desmosome we have isolated cDNA clones representing the entire coding sequence. The predicted amino acid sequence of human B6P shows strong sequence homology with a murine p120 protein, which is a substrate of protein tyrosine kinase receptors and of p60v-rc. P120 and B6P show amino-terminal domains differing distinctly in length and sequence. These are followed in both proteins by 460 residues that display a series of imperfect repeats corresponding to the repeats in the cadherin binding proteins armadillo, plakoglobin and P-catenin. Over this repeat region B6P and p120 share 33% sequence identity (54% similarity). These sequence characteristics define B6P as a novel member of the armadillo multigene family and raise the question of whether the structural proteins B6P, plako-globin, β-catenin and armadillo share some function. Since armadillo, plakoglobin, β-catenin and p120 seem involved in signal transduction this may also hold for B6P. The amino-terminal region of B6P (residues 1 to 263) shows no significant homology to any known protein sequence. It may therefore be involved in unique functions of B6P.
Low-grade systemic inflammation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2009)

A systemic low-grade inflammation was detected in patients with ALS and correlated with their degree of disability. A heightened systemic inflammatory state is apparently associated with a negative prognosis in ALS.
Central nervous system toxicity of quinolones: human and animal findings (1990)

Quinolones have been reported to induce CNS reactions in 0.9-2.1% of cases, but severe reactions occur in less than 0.5%. Flumequine and fleroxacin, but not other quinolones, have produced convulsions in animals after systemic administration; by interventricular injection convulsions could be produced by some quinolones, but by pefloxacin only when a dose of 400 micrograms was reached. A possible mechanism for CNS excitation may be the displacement of GABA from receptors. Quinolones may interact with other drugs--theophylline, caffeine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs--in producing CNS effects.
Vehicular speed estimation using received signal strength from mobile phones (2010)

This paper introduces an algorithm that estimates the speed of a mobile phone by matching time-series signal strength data to a known signal strength trace from the same road. Knowing a mobile phone's speed is useful, for example, to estimate traffic congestion or other transportation performancemetrics. The proposed algorithmcan be implemented in the carrier's infrastructure with Network Measurement Reports obtained by a base station or on a mobile phone with signal strength readings obtained by the handset and depending on implementation choices, promises lower energy consumption than Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. We evaluate the effectiveness of our algorithm on highway and arterial roads using GSM signal strength traces obtained from several phones over a one month period. The results show that the Correlation algorithm is significantly more accurate than existing techniques based on handoffs or phone localization.
Stem cell therapy in heart disease (2007)

We are born and continue to live during a pandemic of cardiovascular disease(CVD). Coronary heart disease (CHD), a rare disease of the affluent and rich in the late 19th century, rapidly emerged as the main cause of death in the Western world by the mid 20th century and is rising to the number one cause of death in the developing countries as well. Atherosclerosis, the main underlying pathology for coronary artery disease, is a very common finding in adults living in the Western world and can be found even in the young. In fact, multiple autopsy studies have shown that atherosclerotic lesions can be found at very early ages.1,2 The relation between high plasma concentrations of cholesterol and especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension with atherosclerosis is well established by now. However, new evidence generated during the past two decades has highlighted the critical role of inflammation in atherosclerosis.3 Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by multifocal lesions and systemic elevations of a number of inflammatory markers such as acute phase proteins, cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules.4 The natural history of atherosclerosis is one of slow progression over years with a possible abrupt disruption of plaques leading to acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The most common underlying pathophysiologic mechanism of ACS is plaque rupture and subsequentthrombosis at the site of the plaque disruption.5 A majority of myocardial infarction (MI) cases and sudden cardiac deaths are caused by the rupture of a coronary atherosclerotic plaque.6 Plaque rupture may be precipitated by external stresses or ‘triggers’ superimposed on vulnerable coronary plaques.7 The mechanisms by which certain triggers can induce rupture and instability of the plaques are not completely understood but are believed to involve mechanical tension, chemical changes (low pH), tissue degradation (release of proteolytic enzymes), thinning of the fibrous cap (&lt;65 µm) along with changes in platelet aggregability and blood viscosity.
LPS-induced liver injury ind-galactosamine-sensitized mice requires secreted TNF-α and the TNF-p55 receptor (2000)

Lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine induced lethality and apoptotic liver injury is dependent on endogenously produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The present study was undertaken to determine whether membrane-associated or secreted TNF-alpha signaling through the p55 or p75 receptor was responsible for survival and hepatic injury after lipopolysaccharide administration in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice. Transgenic mice expressing null forms of TNF-alpha, the p55 and p75 receptor, and mice expressing only a cell-associated form of TNF-alpha were challenged with 8 mg D-galactosamine and 100 ng lipopolysaccharide. Mortality and apoptotic liver injury were only seen in wild-type and p75 knockout mice. p75 Knockout mice had significantly higher concentrations of plasma TNF-alpha than any other experimental group (P </= 0.05) and tended to have the highest mortality and liver injury. In contrast, p55 and TNF-alpha knockout mice and animals expressing only a cell-associated form of TNF-alpha exhibited no mortality or liver injury. We conclude that survival and apoptotic liver injury in response to lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine are dependent exclusively on secreted TNF-alpha signaling through the p55 receptor.
Anti-viral activity of red microalgal polysaccharides against retroviruses (2002)

Red microalgal polysaccharides significantly inhibited the production of retroviruses (murine leukemia virus- MuLV) and cell transformation by murine sarcoma virus(MuSV-124) in cell culture. The most effective inhibitory effect of these polysaccharides against both cell transformation and virus production was obtained when the polysaccharide was added 2 h before or at the time of infection. Although, addition of the polysaccharide post-infection significantly reduced the number of transformed cells, but its effect was less marked than that obtained when the polysaccharide was added before or at the time of infection.The finding that the inhibition of cell transformation by MuSV-124 was reversible after removal of the polysaccharide suggested that microalgal polysaccharides inhibited a late step after provirus integration into the host genome. In conclusion, our findings could support the possibility that the polysaccharide may affect early steps in the virus replication cycle, such as virus absorption into the host cells, in addition to its effect on a late step after provirus integration.
Riboflavin Photochemical Degradation in Pasta Measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1982)

ABSTRACT A technique utilizing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to determine the kinetics of riboflavin losses in enriched macaroni as a function of temperature, water activity and light. Riboflavin and lumichrome were extracted from macaroni and assayed by reverse‐phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. Riboflavin degradation and lumichrome production in macaroni occurred in two phases, a rapid initial phase followed by a slower phase. Photodegradation of riboflavin appears to follow first‐order reaction kinetics. Under the experimental conditions used, more than 50% of the riboflavin content of macaroni was lost within one day. Light intensity was the rate determining factor for riboflavin loss and lumichrome production. The riboflavin level decreased with increased temperature in the second phase of breakdown.
Inhaled iloprost for the control of pulmonary hypertension (2009)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by an elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular resistance with a poor prognosis. Various pulmonary and extrapulmonary causes are now recognized to exist separately from the idiopathic form of pulmonary hypertension. An imbalance in the presence of vasoconstrictors and vasodilators plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the disease, one example being the lack of prostacyclin. Prostacyclin and its analogues are potent vasodilators with antithrombotic, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory qualities, all of which are important factors in the pathogenesis of precapillary pulmonary hypertension. Iloprost is a stable prostacyclin analogue available for intravenous and aerosolized application. Due to the severe side effects of intravenous administration, the use of inhaled iloprost has become a mainstay in PAH therapy. However, owing to the necessity for 6 to 9 inhalations a day, oral treatment is often preferred as a first-line therapy. Numerous studies proving the efficacy and safety of inhaled iloprost have been performed. It is therefore available for a first-line therapy for PAH. The combination with endothelin-receptor antagonists or sildenafil has shown encouraging effects. Further studies with larger patient populations will have to demonstrate the use of combination therapy for long-term treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
Poder - conocimiento – saber: categorías de reflexión necesaria desde la relación de la universidad con la comunidad (2011)

Reflexionar sobre la razón exige un breve planteamiento de cómo en las ciencias sociales se llegó a trabajar la racionalidad y por qué se habla ya, hacia finales del siglo XX e inicios de este nuevo milenio, de un nuevo paradigma, la postmodernidad, en donde se expresa el poder del saber. Partir de la idea de que todo conocimiento en lo social es aquel que está por escribirse o ya se encuentra escrito sería un gran error, como lo es también no tomar en cuenta a los que fueron capaces de contribuir a la formación de lo que se conocería como el paradigma de la modernidad, fundado en los conceptos de racionalidad, conocimiento, verdad y objetividad, como también sería un error no estar abierto a los grandes cambios nacidos en la dinámica de la complejidad de la humanidad y en la educación cuando se encuentra en auge el estudio y las prácticas de la relación universidad – sociedad siendo un desafío histórico de la pedagogía, debido a las implicación categoriales necesarias y a la diversidad del mismo enunciado, pues el pensar una universidad fuera del aula rompe con esquemas determinados de la práctica de muchos docentes.
The odds of running a nonlinear TV program using web technologies (2011)

Facing the problem of realizing a nonlinear TV program with all its requirements the usage of bare web technologies is proposed. Based on previous work a concept to enable nonlinear TV experience over any IP network is presented. Furthermore the chances of using unmodified web technologies and protocols for displaying and handling communication are highlighted. Special emphasis has been laid on being independent from a return channel, providing the possibility to use this framework for unidirectional broadcast systems (e.g. DVB-H). This paper focuses on such aspects as authoring, the database task for the abstraction layer, the push concept, playlist retrieval and channel switching.
Quasi-analytical analysis of the broadband properties of multiconductor transmission lines on semiconducting substrates (2002)

The electrical properties of single and coupled transmission lines on semiconductor substrates are investigated. The analysis is based on analytical formulas for the frequency-dependent distributed line impedances and admittances. Using these formulas it is possible to characterize the broadband properties of transmission line systems with a minimal amount of computational effort. The validity of the calculated results is proved by comparison with full-wave analyses and experimental data gained from on-chip measurements. A discussion of the calculated line parameters as functions of frequency and substrate conductivity is given. Finally, the influence of the semiconducting substrate on the signal propagation in the time domain is demonstrated by two examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>