gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of carotid body resection on ventilatory and acid-base control during exercise (1975)

To investigate the role of the carotid bodies in exercise hyperpnea and acid-base control, normal and carotid body-resected subjects (CBR) were studied during constant-load and incremental exercise. There was no significant difference in the first-breath ventilatory responses to exercise between the groups; some subjects in each reproducibly exhibited abrupt responses. The subsequent change in Ve toward steady state was slower in the CBR group. The steady-state ventilatory responses were the same in both groups at work rates below the anaerobic threshold (AT). However, above the AT, the hyperpnea was less marked in the CBR group. Ve and acid-base measurements revealed that the CBR group failed to hyperventilate in response to the metabolic acidosis of either constant-load or incremental exercise. We conclude that the carotid bodies 1) are not responsible for the initial exercise hyperpnea, 2) do affect the time course of Ve to its steady state, and 3) are responsible for the respiratory compensation for the metabolic acidosis of exercise.
ObjectMap: Integrating high performance resources into a distributed object-oriented environment (1995)

As modern computing environments mature towards a distributed object-oriented architecture, the ability to effectively integrate a high performance computation resource into the environment becomes more difficult This is due to the restricted operating system that such resources typically provide with respect to object-oriented programming techniques and distributed access. For similar reasons, the capability of the resource to access modern, persistent object-oriented databases is also limited. This paper describes the ObjectMap software framework which is currently being developed to address these problems and to more efficiently integrate computation resources into main stream computing. The work focuses on data handling between persistent databases and computation resources across a network. ObjectMap has adopted the emerging Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) standard from the Object Management Group (OMG) for its base architecture with the implementation being realised using the Orbix product from Iona Technologies. The paper describes the benefits obtained through using the CORBA and also the limitations that it has introduced. The research is being performed by the CSIRO Division of Information Technology as a project within the Co-operative Research Centre (CRC) for Advanced Computational Systems (ACSys) in collaboration with the Australian National University’s department of Computer Science. It is also being sponsored by Digital Equipment Corporation (Australia) Pty. Ltd.
Efficient transfer of two large secondary metabolite pathway gene clusters into heterologous hosts by transposition (2008)

Horizontal gene transfer by transposition has been widely used for transgenesis in prokaryotes. However, conjugation has been preferred for transfer of large transgenes, despite greater restrictions of host range. We examine the possibility that transposons can be used to deliver large transgenes to heterologous hosts. This possibility is particularly relevant to the expression of large secondary metabolite gene clusters in various heterologous hosts. Recently, we showed that the engineering of large gene clusters like type I polyketide/nonribosomal peptide pathways for heterologous expression is no longer a bottleneck. Here, we apply recombineering to engineer either the epothilone (epo) or myxochromide S (mchS) gene cluster for transpositional delivery and expression in heterologous hosts. The 58-kb epo gene cluster was fully reconstituted from two clones by stitching. Then, the epo promoter was exchanged for a promoter active in the heterologous host, followed by engineering into the MycoMar transposon. A similar process was applied to the mchS gene cluster. The engineered gene clusters were transferred and expressed in the heterologous hosts Myxococcus xanthus and Pseudomonas putida. We achieved the largest transposition yet reported for any system and suggest that delivery by transposon will become the method of choice for delivery of large transgenes, particularly not only for metabolic engineering but also for general transgenesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Integrating Audio and Telephony in a Distributed Workstation Environment (1991)

More and more vendors are adding audio, and occasionally telephony, to their workstations. At the same time, with the growing popularity of window systems and mice, workstation applications are becoming more interactive and graphical. Audio provides a new dimension of interaction for the user, and the possibility of a powerful new data type for multi-media applications. This paper describes our architecture for the integration of audio and telephony into a graphics workstation environment. Our framework is a client-server model; at the heart is an audio server that allows shared access to audio hardware, provides synchronization primitives to be used with other media and presents a device-independent abstraction to the application programmer. 1. Desktop Audio This paper describes a server designed to provide the underlying audio processing capabilities required by families of workstation-based audio applications. It is an essential component of the concept of desktop audio, a unified view encompassing the technologies, applications, and user interfaces to support audio processing at the workstation. This section describes the technologies underlying desktop audio, and some example applications. In addition we discuss requirements of both the applications and their user
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Pegylated Liposomal CKD-602 in Patients with Advanced Malignancies (2009)

S-CKD602 represents a promising new liposomal camptothecin analogue with manageable toxicity and promising antitumor activity. Phase II studies of S-CKD602 at 2.1 mg/m2 i.v. once every 3 weeks are planned. Prolonged plasma exposure over 1 to 2 weeks is consistent with STEALTH liposomes and provides extended exposure compared with single doses of nonliposomal camptothecins.
Enzymes of the fatty acid synthesis pathway are highly expressed in in situ breast carcinoma. (1997)

Expression of high levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), an important enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, has been identified in a wide variety of human carcinomas. In breast and prostate carcinoma, FAS expression appears to be associated with aggressive disease. Recent biochemical studies have demonstrated that FAS expression in cancer cells connotes activation of the entire fatty acid synthesis pathway leading to the production of palmitic acid. Here, we explore the immunohistochemical expression of FAS and human acetyl-CoA carboxylase (HACC), the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, in breast cancer progression from histologically normal breast through the development of in situ duct and lobular carcinoma to infiltrating carcinoma. Both FAS and the Mr 275,000 isoform of HACC are expressed in a small subset of cells in normal breast lobules and terminal ducts. Upon development of either in situ duct or lobular carcinoma, FAS and both isoforms of HACC are expressed at higher levels and in a majority of the cells. These findings suggest that expression of the enzymes of fatty acid synthesis are frequently altered early in the progression of human breast carcinoma.
Autologous fibrin glue as a sealant of the common bile duct. (1987)

Autologous fibrin glue was evaluated as a sealant of the common bile duct (CBD) with the use of experimental animal models. It proved to be highly effective. Since it is a safe product that can be easily obtained from the patient's own blood, it may find useful application in most biliary tract procedures, liver transplants, and hepatectomies.
Sensors and Decoding for Intracortical Brain Computer Interfaces (2013)

Intracortical brain computer interfaces (iBCIs) are being developed to enable people to drive an output device, such as a computer cursor, directly from their neural activity. One goal of the technology is to help people with severe paralysis or limb loss. Key elements of an iBCI are the implanted sensor that records the neural signals and the software that decodes the user's intended movement from those signals. Here, we focus on recent advances in these two areas, placing special attention on contributions that are or may soon be adopted by the iBCI research community. We discuss how these innovations increase the technology's capability, accuracy, and longevity, all important steps that are expanding the range of possible future clinical applications.
Role of Potassium Channels in the Vascular Response to Endogenous and Pharmacological Vasodilators (1991)

Many endogenous and pharmacological vasodilators hyperpolarize vascular smooth muscle and this response appears to be due to an increased conductance to potassium ions. The hyperpolarization may contribute to the mechanism of dilation by causing voltage-dependent calcium channels to close. Recent evidence indicates that the response to hyperpolarizing vasodilators is mediated through activation of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. Single KATP channels on isolated vascular smooth muscle cells are activated by cromakalim and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). This response is inhibited by glibenclamide. Cromakalim, CGRP and other vasodilators hyperpolarize and relax arteries in vitro and these responses are reversed by glibenclamide. The hypotensive effects of these agents in vivo are antagonized by glibenclamide. We propose that activation of KATP channels and the associated membrane hyperpolarization represents an important general mechanism of vasodilation.
A bispecific diabody directed against prostate-specific membrane antigen and CD3 induces T-cell mediated lysis of prostate cancer cells (2007)

The PSMAxCD3 diabody bears the potential for facilitating immunotherapy of prostate cancer and for the elimination of minimal residual disease.
A controlled study of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling in the treatment of postnatal depression (1997)

Both fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling given as a course of therapy are effective treatments for non-psychotic depression in postnatal women. After an initial session of counselling, additional benefit results from either fluoxetine or further counselling but there seems to be no advantage in receiving both. The choice of treatment may therefore be made by the women themselves.
Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Variant Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2013)

Our findings support the hypothesis that patients with "anaplastic" prostate cancer are a recognizable subset characterized by a high response rate of short duration to platinum-containing chemotherapies, similar to SCPC. Our results suggest that CEA is useful for selecting therapy in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer and consolidative therapies to bulky high-grade tumor masses should be considered in this patient population.
Cell volume increase in Escherichia coli after shifts to richer media (1990)

Synchronous cultures of Escherichia coli 15-THU and WP2s, which were selected by velocity sedimentation from exponential-phase cultures growing in an acetate-minimal salts medium, were shifted to richer media at various times during the cell cycle by the addition of glucose or nutrient broth. Cell numbers and mean cell volumes were measured electronically. The duration of the division cycle of the shifted generation was not altered significantly by the addition of either nutrient. Growth rates, measured as rates of cell volume increase, were constant throughout the cycle in unshifted acetate control cultures. When glucose was added, growth rates also remained unchanged during the remainder of the cell cycle and then increased abruptly at or after cell division. When nutrient broth was added, growth rates remained unchanged from periods of 0.2 to 0.4 generations and then increased abruptly to their final values. In all cases, the cell volume increase was linear both before and after the growth rate transition. The strongest support for a linear cell volume increase during the cell cycle of E. coli in slowly growing acetate cultures, however, was obtained in unshifted cultures, in complete agreement with earlier observations of cell volumes at much more rapid growth rates. Although cell growth and division are under the control of the synthesizing machinery in the cell responsible for RNA and protein synthesis, the results indicate that growth is also regulated by membrane-associated transport systems.
Wet and dry bacterial spore densities determined by buoyant sedimentation (1982)

The wet densities of various types of dormant bacterial spores and reference particles were determined by centrifugal buoyant sedimentation in density gradient solutions of three commercial media of high chemical density. With Metrizamide or Renografin, the wet density values for the spores and permeable Sephadex beads were higher than those obtained by a reference direct mass method, and some spore populations were separated into several density bands. With Percoll, all of the wet density values were about the same as those obtained by the direct mass method, and only single density bands resulted. The differences were due to the partial permeation of Metrizamide and Renografin, but not Percoll, into the spores and the permeable Sephadex beads. Consequently, the wet density of the entire spore was accurately represented only by the values obtained with the Percoll gradient and the direct mass method. The dry densities of the spores and particles were determined by gravity buoyant sedimentation in a gradient of two organic solvents, one of high and the other of low chemical density. All of the dry density values obtained by this method were about the same as those obtained by the direct mass method.
Effect of Inhaled Ipratropium Bromide on the Airway Response to Methacholine, Histamine, and Exercise in Patients with Mild Bronchial Asthma (1992)

We studied the bronchodilator and protective potency of inhaled ipratropium bromide in 33 patients with mild bronchial asthma. Patients were divided into 3 groups with similar baseline lung function and similar degrees of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to participate in the methacholine (study I, n = 9), histamine (study II, n = 9), or exercise challenge tests (study III, n = 18). At each session, 80 micrograms ipratropium bromide or placebo were inhaled in a double-blind randomized fashion. After ipratropium bromide, the mean specific airway resistance (SRaw) decreased from 10.4 to 4.9 (study I, p less than 0.01), 9.3 to 5.4 (study II, p less than 0.05), or 7.8 to 5.1 cm H2O.s (study III, p less than 0.01), respectively. Mean methacholine provocation concentrations necessary to increase SRaw by 100% were 0.43 after placebo and 8.60 mg/ml after ipratropium bromide (p less than 0.01), the respective values after histamine challenges were 1.32 mg/ml after placebo and 2.25 mg/ml after ipratropium bromide (p less than 0.01). In the exercise challenges, the individual responses varied largely with a mean maximum percent increase in SRaw of 231% after placebo and 173% after ipratropium bromide pretreatment (p less than 0.05). Therefore, ipratropium bromide offers bronchodilation and protection against a variety of stimuli and should more often be considered as an effective and safe drug for asthma treatment.
Fungal Upgrading of Wheat Straw for Straw-Thermoplastics Production (2004)

Combining biologic pretreatment with storage is an innovative approach for improving feedstock characteristics and cost, but the magnitude of responses of such systems to upsets is unknown. Unsterile wheat straw stems were upgraded for 12 wk with Pleurotus ostreatus at constant temperature to estimate the variation in final compositions with variations in initial moisture and inoculum. Degradation rates and conversions increased with both moisture and inoculum. A regression analysis indicated that system performance was quite stable with respect to inoculum and moisture content after 6 wk of treatment. Scale-up by 150x indicated that system stability and final straw composition are sensitive to inoculum source, history, and inoculation method. Comparative testing of straw-thermoplastic composites produced from upgraded stems is under way.
Treatment of a prolonged migrainous aura with intravenous furosemide (2000)

The migraine aura consists of reversible symptoms of focal cortical or brainstem dysfunction that develop gradually over more than 4 minutes and last less than 60 minutes. An aura that lasts longer than 60 minutes is defined as a prolonged aura.1 Cortical spreading depression (CSD) was first identified by Leao in animals in 1944.2 CSD is believed to cause migraine auras in humans, but this has not been proved.

We present two patients with spells of prolonged aura that were treated and apparently aborted with IV furosemide. Furosemide was chosen because IV furosemide has inhibited the generation of CSD in animals.3

A 34-year-old woman with a 15-year history of episodic migraine with prolonged aura presented with a 1-week history of a continuous, severe migraine headache associated with a persistent right-sided visual field loss that started 30 minutes before the onset of her headache. She complained that her right visual field was grayed or blacked out. Her aura history included prolonged visual auras that involved loss of vision in her outer visual field …
<title>Pattern-dependent correction of mask topography effects for alternating phase-shifting masks</title> (1995)

Strategies for modifying both mask fabrication processes and design data for alternating phase-shifting masks to account for mask scattering phenomena are explored. Results were derived from the rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations using the EMFlex and TEMPEST programs for an etched-quartz fabrications process. By importing the resulting diffracted orders into VCIMAGE, full vector calculation of the aerial image from mask to wafer was obtained. From the rigorous mask simulations, the 0<SUP>th</SUP> and 1<SUP>st</SUP> diffracted orders were translated into an effective transmission and phase based on a thin-mask approximation. With this analysis technique, a 0.25 micrometers line-space grating for the baseline etched-quartz process (4X magnification) showed a transmission error of 7.2% and a phase error of 1.6 degree(s). In order to compensate for these errors, etch-back fabrication techniques, in which the quartz was recessed beneath the chrome, were evaluated to determine the extent to which the transmission and phase errors could be reduced. For the dual etch-back process typically in use today, a residual transmission error of approximately 0.5% could not be completely removed, even for etch-back depths greater than 200 nm. Correction of the phase errors was achieved by reducing the reactive-ion etch depth by 2-3 nm. Design manipulation, in which the 180 degree(s) opening was increased in size, required feature-dependent phase errors as large as 1 degree(s) were present.
Overactive bladder--a practical approach to evaluation and management. (2006)

The overactive bladder (OAB) is a highly prevalent condition characterized by the combination of urgency and frequency with or without urge incontinence. The pathophysiology is multifactorial; the background is complicated and not yet fully understood. The basic diagnostic workup comprises symptoms assessment, targeted physical examination, urine analysis, post-void residual urine estimation which mostly allows to make a working diagnosis and to find out which patients can be treated also by the nonspecialist. The bladder diary is an optimal diagnostic instrument with a lot of information, whereas urodynamics are expensive and somewhat unverified in their value. The symptom-focused diagnosis is absolutely sufficient to start nonoperative therapy for OAB symptoms. The OAB presents a treatment challenge, as the management of OAB patients is not standardized. An algorithm should include an initial period of at least 6 weeks of conservative therapy consisting of antimuscarinic drugs in combination with behavioral therapy including pelvic floor exercises. If this combination is not successful, the primary diagnosis should be questioned and additional diagnostic tests may be required. If the therapy is successful after 8 weeks, a continuation should be considered in case the symptoms occur after stopping pharmacological therapy. Further therapy depends on the severity of the initial symptoms, the presence of side effects and the motivation of the patient. If pharmacotherapy is not successful or additional therapy desirable, electrical neuromodulation can be added for another period of 6 weeks for up to 3-6 months considering firstly non-invasive therapeutic modalities before recommending invasive sacral neuromodulation. Neuromodulation should be discussed before more invasive procedures, such as bladder augmentation, are considered. There are potentially promising new therapies on the horizon for the OAB. The use of intravesical agents, which decrease the afferent-sensory input, may herald a new therapeutic paradigm for the treatment of the OAB. Refinements in the techniques and the delivery vehicle for electrical stimulation may offer an even less invasive method of neuromodulation. Finally, ongoing research in biotechnology and tissue engineering may produce a functional, stable, compatible tissue substitute suitable for bladder augmentation. The objectives are (1) to define the overactive bladder, (2) to understand the prevalence of the overactive bladder and its impact on the quality of life, (3) to review the basic evaluation of the patient with symptoms suggestive of the overactive bladder and how to differentiate the overactive bladder from other types of urinary dysfunction, and (4) to understand the rationale for and the approach to therapy for the overactive bladder.
Titanium Powder Sintering for Preparation of a Porous FGM Destined as a Skeletal Replacement Implant (1999)

This contribution refers to basic research into a functionally graded material (FGM) as a permanent skeletal replacement implant with improved properties. The latter concerns elastic adaptation and structural compatibility in order to achieve faster bone tissue ingrowth and better long-term stability. Target is a sintered porous coating on a compact substrate with a perpendicular gradient of the porosity and, hence, of the Young's modulus. To achieve optimal porosity and pore size, coarse Ti powder fractions with diameters of up to 1000 μm were chosen. Additionally, an acceleration of the sintering progress was attempted using fine-grained secondary powder components, such as silicon or titanium hydride. Preliminarily, beam-like model specimens without gradient were produced to elucidate how powder characteristics and processing influence the general sinter behaviour, porosity, strength, and elastic properties. Silicon-assisted liquid phase sintenng (LPS) resulted in a substantial increase of the neck diameter (≤ 500 μm) and the strength of the sinter contacts. Milling the powder mixture was found to he superior to liquid-dispersed approaches in regard of uniform distribution of Si. The Young's modulus determined by ultrasound velocity measurements ranged from 5 to 80 GPa, covering typical values of cortical bone (12÷23 GPa). In dependence on porosity, a correlation was perceivable as predicted by application of the effective medium approach (EMA). Specimens with porosity gradients were successfully fabricated and characterized using acoustic microscopy and quantitative description of the microstructural geometry.