gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating Waveguide Biosensor (2001)

A capillary biosensor is demonstrated which uses the waveguiding properties of the capillary to integrate the signal over an increased surface area without simultaneously increasing the background noise from the detector. This biosensor achieves limits of detection of 30-50 pg/mL in immunoassays using a diode laser for excitation and a PMT for detection. This is approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater sensitivity than was achieved using the same immunoassay reagents in a fiber optic biosensor or a planar array biosensor. Two different approaches to using the capillaries as immunosensors are described, either of which could be adapted for multianalyte sensing.
Additive pulse mode locking (1989)

A new principle of mode locking is analyzed: additive pulse mode locking. It is shown to be operative in two-cavity soliton lasers, but it also permits mode locking with fibers in the positive dispersion regime. A simple model is developed that displays the pulse-shortening mechanism. Parameter ranges, within which this principle can be exploited, are given. Comparisons with experiments are made.
pnp resonant tunneling light emitting transistor (1992)

A pnp bipolar resonant tunneling transistor is realized using a base consisting of an n-type modulation doped quantum-well layer next to a double-barrier tunneling structure. Electrons are injected from the quantum-well base layer into the tunneling structure, leading to quantum-well light emission when they recombine with holes from the emitter. This optical output, which is modulated by the base voltage, persists in the negative differential resistance region of the current-voltage characteristics where the hole current is in oscillation. This opens possibilities for using this transistor as a high frequency electro-optical heterodyne convertor.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bowel Ischemia Induced by Ligation of Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein in a Cat Model (2004)

Delayed contrast-enhanced MR images and T2-weighted images were helpful for detecting subacute and acute bowel ischemia with strangulation, respectively.
Two distinct mechanisms of antitumor activity mediated by the combination of interleukin 2 and monoclonal antibodies. (1990)

Previously we described a human B-lymphoma xenotransplantation model in which the immunotherapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), directed against human B-cell antigens, can be studied. An anti-CD19 mAb of IgG2a subclass was therapeutically active by itself in this model, and its efficacy was increased by simultaneous administration of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). Immunotherapy with IgG1 or IgG2b isotype variants of an anti-CD19 mAb was ineffective if given alone. We now show that the combination of these ineffective isotype variants with rIL-2 results in significant antitumor effects, although IgG2a anti-CD19 mAb in combination with rIL-2 was therapeutically more active. In vitro studies of the effector mechanisms possibly involved in these treatment modalities indicate that the antitumor activity of IgG1 or IgG2b anti-CD19 mAbs in combination with rIL-2 may be mediated by rIL-2-induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes. The antitumor effect of IgG2a anti-CD19 mAb in combination with rIL-2 may be mediated not only by rIL-2-induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes but also by IgG2a-restricted antitumor activity of monocytes/macrophages. These results may explain the greater in vivo efficacy of treatment with rIL-2 and IgG2a subclass mAb versus treatment with rIL-2 and IgG1 or IgG2b subclass mAbs.
Malignancy-associated changes in bronchial epithelial cells in biopsy specimens. (1995)

A total of 152 normal bronchial biopsy sections--63 from normal subjects, 42 from patients with dysplasia, 28 from patients with early or advanced lung cancer with squamous and nonsquamous histopathology, and 19 from resected lung cancer patients--were examined for the presence of malignancy-associated changes (MACs). A standard, white light bronchoscope examination and a multispectral fluorescence bronchoscope examination were performed on every subject to determine the status of the bronchial epithelial tissue. Any suspect areas were biopsied to determine the status of the area and to establish the highest grade of abnormality in the patient. In addition, for every subject, a bronchoscopically normal area of the bronchus in the opposite lung or another lobe was biopsied. The specimens were confirmed to be normal by conventional histopathologic criteria using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Sections of biopsies were stained using a DNA stoichiometric stain, and approximately 250 images of visually normal epithelial cell nuclei from each of the biopsies were collected, as were approximately 40 images of leukocyte cell nuclei. For each of these images > 60 nuclear features were calculated that quantified the size, shape and DNA volume of the nuclei as well as DNA spatial organization in the nuclei. The features were then used to train an automated classifier to recognize normal epithelial cell nuclei from normal subjects and normal-appearing epithelial cell nuclei (MAC cell nuclei) from lung cancer patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effective tumor therapy with plasmid-encoded cytokines combined with in vivo electroporation. (2001)

Plasmids may have unique advantages as a gene delivery system. However, a major obstacle is the low in vivo transduction efficiency. In this study, an electroporation-based gene transduction approach was taken to study the effect of interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-12 gene transduction on the growth of experimental murine tumors. Significant intratumoral gene transduction was achieved by electroporation of tumors that had been injected with naked plasmids encoding reporter genes and cytokine genes (IL-2 and IL-12) under the control of a constitutive cytomegalovirus promoter. In addition, significant tumor growth delay could be achieved in a murine melanoma line B16.F10 with the cytokine genes. Most importantly, systemic transgene levels were negligible when compared with intratumoral adenovirus-mediated IL-12 gene delivery, which leads to significantly higher systemic cytokine levels. Therefore, naked plasmid- and in vivo electroporation-mediated cancer gene therapy may be therapeutically efficacious while maintaining low systemic toxicity.
Brain Tissue Oxygenation (2000)

from the overzealous use of some of the more rigid implants available. For this reason we have found that Teflon provides the most effective decompression because of its pliability. If compression by the implant is the proposed cause of recurrence, why is the recurrence rate so low? Drs. Ryu and Yamamoto propose an interesting alternative technique for performing microvascular decompression by coapting the vascular loop to the dura with the use of fibrin glue. We wonder, however, whether fixation of the artery with fibrin glue will provide long-term decompression of the nerve. Intuitively it would seem that continuous arterial pulsation would, over time, detether the vascular loop from the dura mater and cause recurrent compression of the nerve.
Modification of leukocyte adhesion in spontaneously hypertensive rats by adrenal corticosteroids (1995)

Leukocyte adhesion is a key factor in the pathogenesis of organ injury following a variety of stimuli. In this study we have addressed the role of leukocyte adhesion in hypertensives as a risk factor for organ injury. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), the number of circulating leukocytes and their level of activation are significantly increased compared with its normotensive control, the Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY). We have demonstrated that elevated levels of glucocorticoid in SHR suppress P-selectin-mediated leukocyte-endothelial interaction in the microcirculation. It is possible that the disturbance in leukocyte-endothelial interactions may result in an elevated number of leukocytes in the circulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of the adrenal glands to the disturbance in leukocyte behavior in SHR by subjecting the animals to bilateral adrenalectomy and investigating the effect of hydrocortisone. In addition, we have studied by immunohistochemistry the expression of the endothelial adhesion molecule, P-selectin, in response to histamine in the mesenteric venules of normal and adrenalectomized SHR and WKY. The elevated blood pressure, above-normal leukocyte counts, and elevated number of activated neutrophils (nitroblue tetrazolium test) in SHR were blunted after adrenalectomy. The blunted histamine-induced leukocyte-endothelial interaction in the mesenteric venules of SHR was restored after adrenalectomy. Treatment with hydrocortisone significantly attenuated the elevated leukocyte adhesion in the adrenalectomized SHR as well as in WKY. The suppressed P-selectin expression in SHR mesentery was restored after adrenalectomy. In conclusion, the subnormal leukocyte-endothelial interaction in response to an inflammatory stimulation in SHR is abolished after adrenalectomy, suggesting a relationship between the altered leukocyte adhesiveness and the adrenal corticosteroids in hypertensives.
Structural Fatigue in Spinel Electrodes in High Voltage (4 V) Li/Li[sub x]Mn[sub 2]O[sub 4] Cells (1999)

Evidence of structural fatigue has been detected at the surface of discharged Lix[Mn2]O4 spinel electrodes in (4 V) Li/Lix[Mn2]O4 cells. Under nonequilibrium conditions, domains of tetragonal Li2[Mn2]O4 coexist with cubic Li[Mn2]O4, even at 500 mV above the thermodynamic voltage expected for the onset of the tetragonal phase. The presence of Li2[Mn2]O4 on the particle surface may contribute to some of the capacity fade observed during cycling of Li/Lix[Mn2]O4 cells. © 1998 The Electrochemical Society, Inc.
Significance of the c-erbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases in metastatic cancer and their potential as targets for immunotherapy. (1995)

Overexpression of members of the type 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (c-erbB) family has been documented in many types of cancer. In the case of c-erbB1 (epidermal growth factor receptor) and c-erbB2, this has been closely linked with poor prognosis, and in particular is apparently associated with an invasive/metastatic phenotype and relative insensitivity to conventional therapies. The cell surface location of these molecules renders them attractive targets for a variety of immunotherapeutic strategies, some of which are showing promise in preclinical and early clinical trials.
Identification of a membrane-associated folate-binding protein in human leukemic CCRF-CEM cells with transport-related methotrexate resistance. (1989)

CEM/MTX cells, a subline of CCRF-CEM cells resistant to methotrexate (MTX) by virtue of impaired transport by the reduced folate/methotrexate transport system, were grown in media containing folate levels in the physiological range rather than in standard media supplemented with high folate concentrations. Over a 7-month period folic acid concentrations were gradually lowered from 2 microM to 2 nM without subsequent changes in the transport-defective phenotype. In these cells we observed the up regulation of a membrane-associated folate-binding protein with high affinities for folic acid and reduced folates, but poor affinities for the folate antagonists MTX and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin. The binding capacity for [3H]folic acid was 12.5 pmol/10(7) cells, but could be further increased to 30 pmol/10(7) cells following cell transfer to completely folate-deficient medium for 3 days, except that in the latter situation cell growth stopped. The affinities of the folate-binding protein for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid, and MTX were 0.33, 0.11, and 0.009, respectively, relative to that of folic acid. Growth of CEM/MTX cells was promoted by nanomolar concentrations of either folic acid (median effective concentration, 0.35 nM) or folinic acid (median effective concentration, 0.75 nM), suggesting that the folate-binding protein is not only involved in folate binding, but also in the uptake of folates. The insensitivity of CEM/MTX cells to MTX was correlated with the poor affinity of the folate-binding protein for MTX, compared to folic acid. MTX was only growth inhibitory when added at concentrations at least 30-fold exceeding those of folic acid in the culture medium. On the other hand, CEM/MTX cells grown at 2 microM or 2 nM folic acid were equally sensitive to the lipophilic antifolate trimetrexate. Despite the low affinity for MTX, the folate-binding protein could be specifically labeled by an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of [3H]MTX and appeared to have a molecular weight of 44,000 as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These data suggest that an alternative folate uptake system, a folate-binding protein, car play an important role in transport-related methotrexate resistance. Moreover, since all these effects were observed for CEM/MTX cells grown at folate levels in the physiological range, it is conceivable that this mechanism of methotrexate resistance can also be of significance in leukemic cells in vivo.
Performance of a 62Zn/62Cu generator in clinical trials of PET perfusion agent 62Cu-PTSM. (2000)

Results of this work confirm that the 62Zn/62Cu generator is an easily produced, transportable, and inexpensive source of PET radiopharmaceuticals, which can expand the field of clinical PET imaging by providing radiopharmaceuticals to sites not associated with cyclotrons.
Simple: A Sequential Immunoperoxidase Labeling and Erasing Method (2009)

The ability to simultaneously visualize expression of multiple antigens in cells and tissues can provide powerful insights into cellular and organismal biology. However, standard methods are limited to the use of just two or three simultaneous probes and have not been widely adopted for routine use in paraffin-embedded tissue. We have developed a novel approach called sequential immunoperoxidase labeling and erasing (SIMPLE) that enables the simultaneous visualization of at least five markers within a single tissue section. Utilizing the alcohol-soluble peroxidase substrate 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole, combined with a rapid non-destructive method for antibody-antigen dissociation, we demonstrate the ability to erase the results of a single immunohistochemical stain while preserving tissue antigenicity for repeated rounds of labeling. SIMPLE is greatly facilitated by the use of a whole-slide scanner, which can capture the results of each sequential stain without any information loss.
Stable in vivo expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and rescue of G6PD deficiency in stem cells by gene transfer (2000)

Many mutations of the housekeeping gene encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) cause G6PD deficiency in humans. Some underlie severe forms of chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (CNSHA) for which there is no definitive treatment. By using retroviral vectors pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein that harbor the human G6PD (hG6PD) complementary DNA, stable and lifelong expression of hG6PD was obtained in all the hematopoietic tissues of 16 primary bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipient mice and 14 secondary BMT recipients. These findings demonstrate the integration of a functional gene in totipotent stem cells. The average total G6PD in peripheral blood cells of these transplanted mice, measured as enzyme activity, was twice that of untransplanted control mice. This allowed the inference that the amount of G6PD produced by the transduced gene must be therapeutically effective. With the same vectors both the cloning efficiency and the ability to form embryoid bodies were restored in embryonic stem cells, in which the G6PD gene had been inactivated by targeted homologous recombination, thus effectively rescuing their defective phenotype. Finally, expression of normal human G6PD in hG6PD-deficient primary hematopoietic cells and in human hematopoietic cells engrafted in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice was obtained. This approach could cure severe CNSHA caused by G6PD deficiency.
Inhibition of Prolactin Release by a Thalidomide-Related Compound (CG 603) (1972)

CG 603 is a cyclic imide. Some cyclic amides like thalidomide are central nervous system depressants (1). Barbiturates block ovulation in the rat (2, 3), and recently this laboratory reported that a single injection of Na pentobarbital (Pb) at 1 pm on the day of proestrus prevented the pronounced rise in serum LH on the late afternoon of proestrus (4). Serum prolactin was elevated 30 min after the Pb injection, but the late afternoon surge of serum prolactin was blocked completely. It was of interest, therefore, to determine the effects of a single injection of CG 603 given on the early afternoon of the day of proestrus on serum prolactin levels. Materials and Methods. Mature, 3 to 4 month old virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats (Carworth Farms, Portage, MI), weighing 210-245 g each, were housed in a temperature controlled (25±1°) and artificially illuminated (lights on from 7 am to 9 pm daily) animal room. They were given Wayne Lab Blox pellets and water ad libitum. At least two consecutive estrous cycles were followed on all rats by examining daily vaginal smears, and only rats with regular 4 or 5 day cycles were used. Individual blood samples (.5 to 1.0 ml) were removed by heart puncture under light ether anesthesia at 12 noon on the day of proestrus. This method of blood collection was found not to alter normal serum prolactin values in rats (4). A dose of 5, 10 or 25 mg CG 603/100 g body wt was injected ip in .85% NaCl at 12:30 am, and the rats were bled at 1, 2, 3 and 5 pm. Control rats were injected only with .85% NaCl. The animals were killed by guillotine immediately after the 5 pm bleeding and their pituitaries were removed and weighed.
On the energy capture of ultrawide bandwidth signals in dense multipath environments (1998)

A quasi-analytical experimental analysis is described in this paper to quantify the tradeoff between energy capture and diversity level in a RAKE receiver using measured received waveforms obtained from ultrawide bandwidth signal propagation experiments.
Defect-tolerant interconnect to nanoelectronic circuits: internally redundant demultiplexers based on error-correcting codes (2005)

We describe a family of defect-tolerant demultiplexers based on error-correcting codes. A conventional demultiplexer with a k-bit input address and 2k-bit output may be fortified against certain defect types by widening its address bus to n>k bits to permit an encoded address to be used within the demultiplexer. The redundant address is computed by an encoder that guarantees a minimum Hamming distance d between addresses, which sparsely populate an expanded address space. The increased Hamming distances between addresses are especially tolerant of stuck-open defects (and broken wires, which are equivalent to multiple stuck-open defects). For each address width k, there are a series of demultiplexer designs with increasing internal redundancy, increasing d, and increasing capability for defect tolerance. These circuit designs are especially suitable for nano-scale crossbars; in particular, they may be realized at the interface where the CMOS wires of conventional microelectronics cross nano-wires to form a mixed-scale interconnect crossbar. Thus, a small number (2n) of CMOS wires may be used to control a much larger number (2k) of nano-wires; the family of encoded demultiplexer designs provides a robust interface to the nano-circuitry, giving significant protection from manufacturing mistakes at the cost of a relatively small amount of area overhead . This is a qualitatively new application of error-correcting codes, the analysis of which combines elements of the conventional coding-theoretic notions of full-error and erasure correction. In particular, a code with minimum distance d guarantees tolerance to up to d−1 defects per nano-wire, in analogy to conventional erasure correction.
Road segmentation and obstacle detection by a fast watershed transformation (2005)

This paper presents the work, performed at CMM as part of the European PROMETHEUS project, concerning road/lane segmentation and obstacle detection in a dynamic scene. Road/lane segmentation is used to select ROI where obstacle detection algorithms are applied. This segmentation is made up of a temporal filter, an edge detector and a watershed transformation. It produces a marker of the current traffic lane. This marker is then used for calculating a road model which is continuously updated. The obstacle detection uses various criteria: existence of a darker region marking a vehicle, size and contrast of obstacles and symmetry. These two processes use the watershed transformation which is usually the slowest part of the segmentation. To speed it up, a very efficient enhancement of the algorithm, based on anamorphosis, is presented.
Selective FcγR engagement by human agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies (2016)

Dahan et al . recently published a study where they investigated the influence of FcγRs on the activity of human monoclonal anti-CD40 antibodies using a mouse model with humanized FcγRs and CD40 (1). Using a humanized model system they elegantly demonstrate the importance of FcɣRIIB for optimal efficacy of human anti-CD40 antibodies. The results partly contrast previously published material (2-4) where the importance of FcɣRIIB is not unambiguous and is suggested to depend also on the antibody itself as well as the overall tissue expression load of the FcɣR family. If the data presented by Dahan et al . can be transferred and confirmed in un-modified in vitro human assays it could impact the design of TNFR family directed antibodies in the future.
Exon skipping in the E-cadherin gene transcript in metastatic human gastric carcinomas (1993)

Journal Article Exon skipping in the E-cadherin gene transcript in metastatic human gastric carcinomas Get access Karl-F. Becker, Karl-F. Becker * 1GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Institut für PathologieIngolstädter Landstraβe 1,8042 Neuherberg b. München * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael J. Atkinson, Michael J. Atkinson 1GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Institut für PathologieIngolstädter Landstraβe 1,8042 Neuherberg b. München Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ulrike Reich, Ulrike Reich 1GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Institut für PathologieIngolstädter Landstraβe 1,8042 Neuherberg b. München Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hsuan-H. Huang, Hsuan-H. Huang 2Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität MünchenKlinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hjalmar Nekarda, Hjalmar Nekarda 3Chirurgische Klinik, Technische Universität MünchenKlinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jörg R. Siewert, Jörg R. Siewert 3Chirurgische Klinik, Technische Universität MünchenKlinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Heinz Hofler Heinz Hofler 1GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Institut für PathologieIngolstädter Landstraβe 1,8042 Neuherberg b. München2Institut für Pathologie, Technische Universität MünchenKlinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 2, Issue 6, June 1993, Pages 803–804, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.6.803 Published: 01 June 1993 Article history Received: 10 February 1993 Revision received: 26 March 1993 Accepted: 26 March 1993 Published: 01 June 1993