gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyoxoanion-Supported Catalyst Precursors. Synthesis and Characterization of the Iridium(I) and Rhodium(I) Precatalysts [(n-C4H9)4N]5Na3[(1,5-COD)M.cntdot.P2W15Nb3O62] (M = Ir, Rh) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyoxoanion-Supported Catalyst Precursors. Synthesis and Characterization of the Iridium(I) and Rhodium(I) Precatalysts [(n-C4H9)4N]5Na3[(1,5-COD)M.cntdot.P2W15Nb3O62] (M = Ir, Rh)Matthias Pohl, David K. Lyon, Noritaka Mizuno, Kenji Nomiya, and Richard G. FinkeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 6, 1413–1429Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00110a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00110a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1024Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Polypropylene Degradation by γ-Irradiation in Air (1985)

The γ-irradiation induced, oxidative deterioration of polypropylene film has been investigated by infrared and electron spin resonance spectroscopy and the observed changes correlated with film embrittlement. Both deterioration during γ-irradiation and during storage at 23° or 60°C after irradiation were investigated in the presence and absence of stabilizers including piperidyl derivitives, a hindered phenol and a thioester. The origin of the post-γ-irradiation deterioration was investigated by the use of a peroxyl radical trap, 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane and selective destruction of the hydroperoxide oxidation product with reactive gases (SF4 and S02). Storage oxidation was concluded to result primarily from the slow decomposition of hydroperoxide and possibly peroxide oxidation products rather than from trapped macro-radicals as proposed perviously. Ozone may also play a minor role in the oxidative process.
Directed assembly of carbon nanotubes on soft substrates for use as a flexible biosensor array (2008)

We have developed a method to selectively assemble and align carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on soft substrates for use as flexible biosensors. In this strategy, a thin oxide layer was deposited on soft substrates via low temperature plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and a linker-free assembly process was applied on the oxide surface where the assembly of carbon nanotubes was guided by methyl-terminated molecular patterns on the oxide surface. The electrical characterization of the fabricated CNT devices exhibited a typical p-type gating effect and 1/f noise behavior. The bare oxide regions near CNTs were functionalized with glutamate oxidase to fabricate selective biosensors to detect two forms of glutamate substances existing in different situations: L-glutamic acid, a neurotransmitting material, and monosodium glutamate, a food additive.
P‐131: A Design of Under‐screen Face Recognition based on Screen Miniature Blind Apertures (2020)

We have successfully produced a display with 0.75mm diameter miniature blind apertures in the display area. The face recognition module is aligned with the bottom of miniature blind apertures. The results show that the face recognition detection range is 25cm to 70cm, the sharpness, contrast and depth precision meet the face recognition requirements. Finally, we realized the face recognition through the screen successfully and achieved the goal of increasing the screen to body ratio.
Surface-emitting, single-lobe operation from second-order distributed-reflector lasers with central grating phaseshift (2001)

Surface-emitting diode lasers containing a second-order Bragg grating with a central phaseshift, Δφ, of values around π are found to fundamentally favor lasing in a mode of symmetric near-field amplitude profile, which in turn provides emission in a single-lobed beam orthonormal to the surface. Devices of 500 μm long distributed-feedback (DFB) active region (λ=0.98 μm) and 500 μm long distributed feedback reflector passive regions provide, for Δφ=π, a surface-emitted beam pattern with 88% central-lobe power content, and external differential quantum efficiency, ηD, of 51%. Since the guided field is antisymmetric to start with, and a central π phaseshift causes two grating-outcoupled beams to be out-of-phase with each other, the net result is a single-lobed far-field pattern. The guided-field peak-to-valley (intensity) ratio, R, in the active (i.e., DFB) region is only 2, which insures single-mode operation to high powers, since the intermodal discrimination is high (⩾100 cm−1). Over a wide range in Δφ:60°; ηD remains high (&amp;gt;50%) and the degree of guided-field uniformity remains low (R&amp;lt;2).
Yeast [PSI+] Prion Aggregates Are Formed by Small Sup35 Polymers Fragmented by Hsp104 (2003)

The yeast [PSI+] determinant is related to formation of large prion-like aggregates of the conformationally altered Sup35 protein. Here, we show that these aggregates are composed of small Sup35 prion polymers and associated proteins. In contrast to other protein complexes of yeast lysates, but similarly to amyloid fibers, these polymers are insoluble in SDS at room temperature. The polymers on average are about 30-fold smaller than the aggregates and comprise from 8 to 50 Sup35 monomers. The size of polymers is characteristic of a given [PSI+] variant and differs between the variants. Blocked expression of Hsp104 chaperone causes gradual increase in the size of prion polymers, while inactivation of Hsp104 by guanidine HCl completely stops their fragmentation, which shows indispensability of Hsp104 for this process.
Quantitation and purification of the Pasteurella multocida toxin by using monoclonal antibodies (1988)

Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT), derived from a toxigenic strain of P. multocida originally isolated from a pig with clinical atrophic rhinitis, was used to immunize BALB/c mice. Ninety-two hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against PMT were produced by fusion of spleen cells from these mice with P3-X63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells. The specificity for PMT of the MAbs was ascertained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting analysis. The interrelationship of a panel of 10 MAbs and their respective epitopes was characterized by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the biotin-avidin system and by an in vitro neutralization assay based on the cytopathic effect of PMT on embryonic bovine lung cells. In vivo neutralization of the lethal effect of PMT in mice was obtained by passive immunization with an anti-PMT MAb 2 days before challenge with PMT. PMT was quantified by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a lower detection limit of approximately 50 pg of PMT. Application of supernatant or bacterial extract from cultivation of toxigenic P. multocida to an affinity column containing immobilized MAb resulted in purification of PMT with a yield of 78 to 93% of the PMT applied.
Clustering of Caucasian Leber hereditary optic neuropathy patients containing the 11778 or 14484 mutations on an mtDNA lineage. (1997)

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a type of blindness caused by mtDNA mutations. Three LHON mtDNA mutations at nucleotide positions 3460, 11778, and 14484 are specific for LHON and account for 90% of worldwide cases and are thus designated as "primary" LHON mutations. Fifteen other "secondary" LHON mtDNA mutations have been identified, but their pathogenicity is unclear. mtDNA haplotype and phylogenetic analysis of the primary LHON mutations in North American Caucasian patients and controls has shown that, unlike the 3460 and 11778 mutations, which are distributed throughout the European-derived (Caucasian) mtDNA phylogeny, patients containing the 14484 mutation tended to be associated with European mtDNA haplotype J. To investigate this apparent clustering, we performed chi2-based statistical analyses to compare the distribution of LHON patients on the Caucasian phylogenetic tree. Our results indicate that, unlike the 3460 and 11778 mutations, the 14484 mutation was not distributed on the phylogeny in proportion to the frequencies of the major Caucasian mtDNA haplogroups found in North America. The 14484 mutation was next shown to occur on the haplogroup J background more frequently that expected, consistent with the observation that approximately 75% of worldwide 14484-positive LHON patients occur in association with haplogroup J. The 11778 mutation also exhibited a moderate clustering on haplogroup J. These observations were supported by statistical analysis using all available mutation frequencies reported in the literature. This paper thus illustrates the potential importance of genetic background in certain mtDNA-based diseases, speculates on a pathogenic role for a subset of LHON secondary mutations and their interaction with primary mutations, and provides support for a polygenic model for LHON expression in some cases.
Hydrophobic ion pairing of an insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex for oral delivery of insulin (2011)

Insulin was complexed with sodium deoxycholate to form an insulin-sodium deoxycholate complex (Ins-SD-Comp) using an hydrophobic ion pairing method in aqueous phase to enhance the liposolubility of insulin. In order to obtain the maximal complexation efficiency, the molar ratio of sodium deoxycholate to insulin was found. The zeta potential method was used to confirm the optimal ratio for formation of Ins-SD-Comp. The structural characteristics of Ins-SD-Comp were assessed using the Fourier transform infrared method. The apparent partition coefficient of insulin increased upon the formation of Ins-SD-Comp. Based on the preliminary study, Ins-SD-Comp was encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles using an emulsion solvent diffusion method. The maximal encapsulation efficiency of Ins-SD-Comp into PLGA nanoparticles was 93.6% ± 2.81%, drug loading was about 4.8% ± 0.32%, and the mean diameter of the nanoparticles was 278 ± 13 nm. Biological activity and in vivo results revealed that the bioactivity of insulin was not destroyed during the preparation process. Ins-SD-Comp-loaded PLGA nanoparticles have the potential to reduce serum glucose levels and increase the oral bioavailability of insulin.
Renoprotective effects of hepatocyte growth factor in the stenotic kidney (2012)

Renal microvascular (MV) damage and loss contribute to the progression of renal injury in renal artery stenosis (RAS). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a powerful angiogenic and antifibrotic cytokine that we showed to be decreased in the stenotic kidney. We hypothesized that renal HGF therapy will improve renal function mainly by protecting the renal microcirculation. Unilateral RAS was induced in 15 pigs. Six weeks later, single-kidney RBF and GFR were quantified in vivo using multidetector computed tomography (CT). Then, intrarenal rh-HGF or vehicle was randomly administered into the stenotic kidney (RAS, n = 8; RAS+HGF, n = 7). Pigs were observed for 4 additional weeks before CT studies were repeated. Renal MV density was quantified by 3D micro-CT ex vivo and histology, and expression of angiogenic and inflammatory factors, apoptosis, and fibrosis was determined. HGF therapy improved RBF and GFR compared with vehicle-treated pigs. This was accompanied by improved renal expression of angiogenic cytokines (VEGF, p-Akt) and tissue-healing promoters (SDF-1, CXCR4, MMP-9), reduced MV remodeling, apoptosis, and fibrosis, and attenuated renal inflammation. However, HGF therapy did not improve renal MV density, which was similarly reduced in RAS and RAS+HGF compared with controls. Using a clinically relevant animal model of RAS, we showed novel therapeutic effects of a targeted renal intervention. Our results show distinct actions on the existing renal microcirculation and promising renoprotective effects of HGF therapy in RAS. Furthermore, these effects imply plasticity of the stenotic kidney to recuperate its function and underscore the importance of MV integrity in the progression of renal injury in RAS.
Pyruvate carboxylase is a major bottleneck for glutamate and lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. (2001)

Corynebacterium glutamicum possesses both phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCx) and pyruvate carboxylase (PCx) as anaplerotic enzymes for growth on carbohydrates. To analyze the significance of PCx for the amino acid production by this organism, the wild-type pyc gene, encoding PCx, was used for the construction of defined pyc-inactive and pyc-overexpressing strains and the glutamate, lysine and threonine production capabilities of these recombinant strains of C. glutamicum were tested in comparison to the respective host strains. No PCx activity was observed in the pyc-inactive mutants whereas the pyc-overexpressing strains showed eight-to elevenfold higher specific PCx activity when compared to the host strains. In a detergent-dependent glutamate production assay, the pyc-overexpressing strain showed more than sevenfold higher, the PCx-deficient strain about twofold lower glutamate production than the wild-type. Overexpression of the pyc gene and thus increasing the PCx activity in a lysine-producing strain of C. glutamicum resulted in approximately 50% higher lysine accumulation in the culture supernatant whereas inactivation of the pyc gene led to a decrease by 60%. In a threonine-producing strain of C. glutamicum, the overexpression of the pyc gene led to an only 10 to 20% increase in threonine production, however, to a more than 150% increase in the production of the threonine precursor homoserine. These results identify the anaplerotic PCx reaction as a major bottleneck for amino acid production by C. glutamicum and show that the enzyme is an important target for the molecular breeding of hyperproducing strains.
Generalized Coarse-to-Fine Visual Recognition with Progressive Training (2018)

Computer vision is difficult, partly because the desired mathematical function connecting input and output data is often complex, fuzzy and thus hard to learn. Coarse-to-fine (C2F) learning is a promising direction, but it remains unclear how it is applied to a wide range of vision problems. This paper presents a generalized C2F framework by making two technical contributions. First, we provide a unified way of C2F propagation, in which the coarse prediction (a class vector, a detected box, a segmentation mask, etc.) is encoded into a dense (pixel-level) matrix and concatenated to the original input, so that the fine model takes the same design of the coarse model but sees additional information. Second, we present a progressive training strategy which starts with feeding the ground-truth instead of the coarse output into the fine model, and gradually increases the fraction of coarse output, so that at the end of training the fine model is ready for testing. We also relate our approach to curriculum learning by showing that data difficulty keeps increasing during the training process. We apply our framework to three vision tasks including image classification, object localization and semantic segmentation, and demonstrate consistent accuracy gain compared to the baseline training strategy.
Hepatitis C virus: How genetic variability affects pathobiology of disease (2011)

As an RNA virus, hepatitis C virus (HCV) shows a characteristically high level of nucleotide diversity. Accumulation of nucleotide substitutions in the virus has resulted in diversification into quasispecies, subtypes and distinct genotypes. Pathobiological studies linking nucleotide and amino acid sequences with clinical findings have identified relationships between certain genotypes and characteristic biological properties. Genotype 3 HCV infection was found to be associated with a high level of liver steatosis. Genotypes 1 and 4 were found to be more resistant to interferon (IFN) based therapies than genotypes 2 and 3. Studies of genotype 1 sequences obtained from patients treated with IFN have identified a relationship between favorable response to interferon therapy and amino acid substitutions in the NS5A region (interferon response determining region; ISDR). Further studies have identified a relationship between the effect of IFN therapy and other regions of the NS5A protein. More recently, a relationship has been found between poor response to peg-IFN plus ribavirin combination therapy and substitutions at amino acid 70 and 91 in the core protein. Furthermore, a correlation between human genetic variation in the IL28B (IFN-lamda 3) locus and core amino acid substitutions has been characterized. In this review we briefly summarize the discovery, classification and nomenclature of HCV genotypes and subtypes. We also discuss amino acid substitutions within specific regions that have been reported to be associated with outcome of IFN and peg-IFN plus ribavirin combination therapy.
Harvesting Excitons Via Two Parallel Channels for Efficient White Organic LEDs with Nearly 100% Internal Quantum Efficiency: Fabrication and Emission‐Mechanism Analysis (2008)

Abstract By incorporating two phosphorescent dyes, namely, iridium(III)[bis(4,6‐difluorophenyl)‐pyridinato‐N,C 2 ′]picolinate (FIrpic) for blue emission and bis(2‐(9,9‐diethyl‐9 H ‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐1‐phenyl‐1 H ‐benzoimidazol‐N,C 3 )iridium(acetylacetonate) ((fbi) 2 Ir(acac)) for orange emission, into a single‐energy well‐like emissive layer, an extremely high‐efficiency white organic light‐emitting diode (WOLED) with excellent color stability is demonstrated. This device can achieve a peak forward‐viewing power efficiency of 42.5 lm W −1 , corresponding to an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 19.3% and a current efficiency of 52.8 cd A −1 . Systematic studies of the dopants, host and dopant‐doped host films in terms of photophysical properties (including absorption, photoluminescence, and excitation spectra), transient photoluminescence, current density–voltage characteristics, and temperature‐dependent electroluminescence spectra are subsequently performed, from which it is concluded that the emission natures of FIrpic and (fbi) 2 Ir(acac) are, respectively, host–guest energy transfer and a direct exciton formation process. These two parallel pathways serve to channel the overall excitons to both dopants, greatly reducing unfavorable energy losses. It is noteworthy that the introduction of the multifunctional orange dopant (fbi) 2 Ir(acac) (serving as either hole‐trapping site or electron‐transporting channel) is essential to this concept as it can make an improved charge balance and broaden the recombination zone. Based on this unique working model, detailed studies of the slight color‐shift in this WOLED are performed. It is quantitatively proven that the competition between hole trapping on orange‐dopant sites and undisturbed hole transport across the emissive layer is the actual reason. Furthermore, a calculation of the fraction of trapped holes on (fbi) 2 Ir(acac) sites with voltage shows that the hole‐trapping effect of the orange dopant is decreased with increasing drive voltage, leading to a reduction of orange emission.
The First Unequivocal Evidence of the Reacting Electrophile in Aromatic Acylation Reactions1 (1996)

The acylation of aromatic compounds with aroyl triflates can be performed in organic solvents (1,2-dichloroethane) without Friedel−Crafts catalysts. These reaction conditions allow kinetic investigations of the reaction in homogeneous solution. From rate measurements evidence is given that in all cases the aroyl triflates 1, 6, and 11 dissociate primarily into the corresponding acylium ions which subsequently react with the aromatic compounds. The rate-determining step, either the dissociation of the aroyl triflates or the reaction of the acylium ions with the aromatic, can be assigned definitely from the experimental data. From the kinetic measurements in the presence of an excess of base unequivocal evidence of acylium ions as the reacting electrophiles in all cases investigated is given.
An Experimental Digital Multilevel FM Modem (1966)

An experimental multilevel narrow-band digital FM modem is described. The design is based on theoretical principles predicting better performance than that formerly thought to be typical. Various waveforms and eye patterns are shown under conditions of delay and slope distortion. Measured error rates vs. signal-to-noise ratio for additive Gaussian noise, with and without channel impairments, are presented for binary, duobinary, and quaternary systems. The experimental results agree closely with theory, and it is demonstrated that the theoretical performance can be approached closely by a physical model which retains the promised simplicity of FM instrumentation.
Wubble World (2007)

We introduce Wubble World, a virtual environment for learning situated language. In Wubble World children create avatars, called wubbles, which can interact with other children's avatars through free-form spontaneous play or structured language games. Wubbles can also learn language from direct interaction with children, since the system uses principles from developmental psychology to restrict the complexity of this learning task: a shared attention model that includes deictic pointing, and a concept acquisition system that allows for rapid learning of new words from a limited number of exposures.

Since we have complete knowledge of the state and structure of the virtual environment, we are able to track correspondences between utterances and the scene in which they are uttered. This sentence/scene corpus will be a valuable resource as we attempt to tackle more sophisticated language learning tasks, such as the acquisition of syntax and verb semantics from world dynamics.
Regulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Catabolism Involves the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathway (1997)

Catabolic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is subject to regulatory control by protein kinases. We hypothesized that this regulation involves sequential activation of the enzymes mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK). In the present investigation, we provide evidence that MEK is critically involved in regulating APP processing by both nerve growth factor and phorbol esters. Western blot analysis of the soluble N-terminal APP derivative APPs demonstrated that the synthetic MEK inhibitor PD 98059 antagonized nerve growth factor stimulation of both APPs production and ERK activation in PC12 cells. Moreover, PD 98059 inhibited phorbol ester stimulation of APPs production and activation of ERK in both human embryonic kidney cells and cortical neurons. Furthermore, overexpression of a kinase-inactive MEK mutant inhibited phorbol ester stimulation of APP secretion and activation of ERK in human embryonic kidney cell lines. Most important, PD 98059 antagonized phorbol ester-mediated inhibition of Abeta secretion from cells overexpressing human APP695 carrying the "Swedish mutation." Taken together, these data indicate that MEK and ERK may be critically involved in protein kinase C and nerve growth factor regulation of APP processing. The mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade may provide a novel target for altering catabolic processing of APP.