gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loop transmission systems for data (1974)

article Free Access Share on Loop transmission systems for data Author: A. G. Fraser Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication ReviewVolume 4Issue 4October 1974 pp 2–8https://doi.org/10.1145/1015676.1015677Online:01 October 1974Publication History 1citation103DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads103Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
One million fps digital holography (2014)

Digital holography at the rate of 1 000 000 frames per second (fps), which is the fastest speed in digital holography to the best of knowledge, has been achieved. High‐speed recording of digital holography needs a high‐speed camera. However, the number of available pixels is very small in general, due to the characteristics of the high‐speed camera. Then, to record the hologram with such a small number of pixels and obtain a clear phase image of the object, parallel phase‐shifting digital holography (PPSDH) was adopted. This technique was used to successfully obtain images of the phase variation of electrical discharging phenomenon at the rate of 1 000 000 fps.
Active Thermochemical Tables (2015)

AccessScience is an authoritative and dynamic online resource that contains incisively written, high-quality educational material covering all major scientific disciplines. An acclaimed gateway to scientific knowledge, AccessScience is continually expanding the ways it can demonstrate and explain core, trustworthy scientific information that inspires and guides users to deeper knowledge.
Optimal Super Dielectric Material (2015)

The results of this study establish that powder-based super dielectric materials (SDM) are a large family of porous electrically insulating materials filled to the point of incipient wetness (paste consistency) with liquids containing dissolved ions. This work studied the dielectric behavior at low frequency of four different high surface area, porous, refractory oxides: two alumina materials, one silica, and one fumed silica, filled with aqueous solutions containing one of two salts (NaCl or NH4Cl). All were found to have dielectric constants greater than 109. This strongly supports the fundamental hypothesis of SDM: In the presence of an electric field any electrically insulating, porous material containing liquid with dissolved ionic species will form large dipoles, polarized opposite the applied field. Large dipole SDM placed between the electrodes of a parallel plate capacitor will reduce the net field to an unprecedented extent. This family of materials can form materials with dielectric values orders of magnitude greater than any material previously studied (ca. 104 BaTiO3). Moreover; this study establishes that the identity of the porous insulating media can greatly impact the dielectric constant; 109 alumina; 1011 fumed silica. One implication of these results is that SDM can potentially be optimized to create capacitors with unprecedented energy density.
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes Fused to Anthrax Toxin Induce Protective Antiviral Immunity (1999)

We have investigated the use of the protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF) components of anthrax toxin as a system for in vivo delivery of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. During intoxication, PA directs the translocation of LF into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. Here we demonstrate that antiviral immunity can be induced in BALB/c mice immunized with PA plus a fusion protein containing the N-terminal 255 amino acids of LF (LFn) and an epitope from the nucleoprotein (NP) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. We also demonstrate that BALB/c mice immunized with a single LFn fusion protein containing NP and listeriolysin O protein epitopes in tandem mount a CTL response against both pathogens. Furthermore, we show that NP-specific CTL are primed in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice when the mice are immunized with a single fusion containing two epitopes, one presented by Ld and one presented by Db. The data presented here demonstrate the versatility of the anthrax toxin delivery system and indicate that this system may be used as a general approach to vaccinate outbred populations against a variety of pathogens.
Fast and accurate side‐chain topology and energy refinement (FASTER) as a new method for protein structure optimization (2002)

We have developed an original method for global optimization of protein side-chain conformations, called the Fast and Accurate Side-Chain Topology and Energy Refinement (FASTER) method. The method operates by systematically overcoming local minima of increasing order. Comparison of the FASTER results with those of the dead-end elimination (DEE) algorithm showed that both methods produce nearly identical results, but the FASTER algorithm is 100-1000 times faster than the DEE method and scales in a stable and favorable way as a function of protein size. We also show that low-order local minima may be almost as accurate as the global minimum when evaluated against experimentally determined structures. In addition, the new algorithm provides significant information about the conformational flexibility of individual side-chains. We observed that strictly rigid side-chains are concentrated mainly in the core of the protein, whereas highly flexible side-chains are found almost exclusively among solvent-oriented residues.
Aberrant recombination events in B cell lines derived from ax-deficient human (1985)

We have analyzed the structure of Ig kappa chain genes in B cell lines derived from a human individual who cannot synthesize any kappa chains, and whose Igs all contain lambda chains (1). We have characterized secondary DNA recombination events at two kappa alleles which have undergone misaligned V-J recombinations. One such secondary recombination has joined the flanking sequences of a V kappa and a J kappa 2 gene segment as if it were the reciprocal product of a V-J kappa 2 recombination, and resulted in the displacement of the recombined VJ kappa 1 gene segments from the C kappa locus. The non-rearranged form of the V kappa fragment which had recombined with the J kappa 2 flank was cloned. Nucleotide sequencing of this fragment identified a V kappa gene that differed by at least 38% from all previously sequenced human V kappa genes. The other V-J kappa segment analyzed has undergone a secondary recombination at a different site from that described above, at a site within the intervening sequence between the J kappa and C kappa gene segments, similar to the location of secondary recombinations which have occurred in lambda + B cell lines from mice and humans (2,3). These results prove that multiple recombinations can occur at one J kappa-C kappa locus.
Estradiol beta-D-xyloside, an efficient primer for heparan sulfate biosynthesis. (1991)

Animal cells utilize beta-D-xylosides as primers for glycosaminoglycan synthesis. However, most xylosides preferentially stimulate chondroitin sulfate synthesis and only weakly prime heparan sulfate synthesis. To test if the structure of the aglycone determines the type of glycosaminoglycan made, the priming activity of methyl, n-octyl, p-nitrophenyl, 4-methylumbelliferyl, trans,trans-farnesyl, cholesteryl, and estradiol beta-D-xylosides was compared. Their potency was tested in pgsA-745 cells, a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant unable to initiate glycosaminoglycan synthesis due to a defect in xylosyltransferase. All of the xylosides stimulated chondroitin sulfate synthesis in the mutant, but only estradiol beta-D-xyloside primed heparan sulfate synthesis efficiently. When incubated with 30 microM estradiol beta-D-xyloside, mutant cells made about 3-fold more glycosaminoglycan than untreated wild-type cells and as much as 50% was heparan sulfate. Estradiol beta-D-xyloside also induced heparan sulfate synthesis in cycloheximide-treated wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells, bovine aortic endothelial cells, baby hamster kidney cells, and Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts. In addition to stimulating heparan sulfate synthesis, low concentrations of estradiol beta-D-xyloside inhibited the formation of endogenous heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
Neuropsychological deficits in essential tremor: an expression of cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical pathophysiology? (2002)

Few studies have been published regarding the neuropsychological characteristics of patients with essential tremor (ET), but preliminary findings suggest that mild attentional and executive dysfunction accompany the disorder. A consecutive series of 101 patients with ET referred for thalamotomy and/or thalamic deep brain stimulation candidacy work‐up also underwent neuropsychological evaluation. Average neuropsychological test scores were calculated, along with the proportions of subjects whose scores fell within or more than one SD above or below the mean (using demographically corrected normative data). Significantly lower than average ( T ‐score of 50) scores were evident on measures of complex auditory attention, visual attention and response inhibition, recall of a word list, verbal fluency, and visual confrontation naming. A significantly greater proportion of patients (ranging from about 34 to 60%) than might be expected on the basis of a normal distribution obtained scores more than one SD below the normative mean on select measures of attention, verbal fluency, immediate word list recall, semantic encoding, and facial matching. Consistent with prior research, notable, albeit clinically subtle, deficits in attention and select executive functions are evident in patients with ET. Although not specific to ET or cerebellar dysfunction, the observed pattern of cognitive deficits is consistent with cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical circuit dysfunction.
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-independent action of IGF-binding protein-3 in Hs578T human breast cancer cells. Cell surface binding and growth inhibition (1993)

Estrogen receptor-negative Hs578T human breast cancer cells secrete insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and IGFBP-4 as major binding protein (BP) species. Our previous immunohistochemical studies (Oh, Y., Müller, H. L., Pham, H., Lamson, G., and Rosenfeld, R. G. (1992) Endocrinology 131, 3123-3125) have demonstrated the existence of cell surface-associated IGFBP-3 and release of cell surface-associated IGFBP-3 into conditioned media by addition of IGF peptide in Hs578T cells. In this study, we have demonstrated that IGFBP-3 binding on the cell surface is specific and receptor-mediated, by showing: 1) a dose-dependent increase of IGFBP-3 binding by addition of divalent cations (CaCl2 and MnCl2); 2) dose-dependent competition of 125I-IGFBP-3E. coli by unlabeled IGFBP-3E.coli (> 80% competition at 100 nM), but not by IGFBP-1 or fibronectin. In addition, exogenous IGFBP-3 treatment resulted in a significant inhibitory effect on monolayer growth of Hs578T cells. This inhibitory effect of IGFBP-3 was shown to be specific and IGF-independent by demonstrating: 1) dose-dependent inhibition on cell growth (60% inhibition at 20 nM) and inhibition on DNA synthesis (10 nM; p < 0.05, 20 nM; p < 0.005) by exogenous IGFBP-3E. coli, but not by IGFBP-1; 2) absence of stimulatory effects on monolayer cell growth by either native IGFs or IGF analogs which have significantly decreased affinity for IGFBPs, but retain full affinity for type 1 and 2 IGF receptors; 3) significant diminution of the IGFBP-3 inhibitory effects on monolayer growth by coincubation with native IGFs, but not by coincubation with IGF analogs with decreased affinity for IGFBP-3. In conclusion, exogenous IGFBP-3 shows specific binding on the cell surface and can inhibit Hs578T cell monolayer growth by itself, suggesting the existence of specific membrane-associated proteins or receptors for IGFBP-3. Furthermore, IGF-I and -II can attenuate inhibitory effect of IGFBP-3 by forming IGF.IGFBP-3 complexes, thereby preventing cell surface binding of IGFBP-3.
Janus hollow spheres by emulsion interfacial self-assembled sol–gel process (2010)

Janus hollow silica spheres with an asymmetric shell are synthesized by self-assembled sol-gel process at an emulsion interface, and desired materials can be preferentially laden inside the cavities from their surroundings.
Tyrosyl radical generated by myeloperoxidase is a physiological catalyst for the initiation of lipid peroxidation in low density lipoprotein. (1994)

Myeloperoxidase, a heme protein secreted by activated phagocytes, is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions. The enzyme uses H2O2 generated by the cells to oxidize L-tyrosine to tyrosyl radical, a catalyst for protein dityrosine synthesis. We have explored the possibility that tyrosyl radical initiates lipid peroxidation, which may be of pivotal importance in transforming low density lipoprotein (LDL) into atherogenic particles. Exposure of LDL to L-tyrosine and activated human neutrophils caused peroxidation of LDL lipids. LDL oxidation required L-tyrosine but was independent of free metal ions; catalase and heme poisons were inhibitory. Incubation of LDL with L-tyrosine, myeloperoxidase, and H2O2 likewise caused lipid peroxidation, and this reaction was inhibited by heme poisons and catalase. Replacement of L-tyrosine with O-methyltyrosine, which cannot form tyrosyl radical, inhibited LDL oxidation by both activated neutrophils and myeloperoxidase. The antioxidants ascorbate and probucol, but not vitamin E, inhibited LDL oxidation by myeloperoxidase, H2O2, and L-tyrosine. Ascorbate blocked dityrosine synthesis, while probucol scavenged chain-propagating peroxyl radicals in the lipid phase of LDL. These results indicate that tyrosyl radical stimulates LDL lipid peroxidation. In striking contrast to other cell-mediated mechanisms for LDL oxidation, the myeloperoxidase-catalyzed reaction is independent of free metal ions. This raises the possibility that tyrosyl radical generated by myeloperoxidase is of physiological importance in making LDL atherogenic.
“Active” Cancer Immunotherapy by Anti-Met Antibody Gene Transfer (2008)

Gene therapy provides a still poorly explored opportunity to treat cancer by "active" immunotherapy as it enables the transfer of genes encoding antibodies directed against specific oncogenic proteins. By a bidirectional lentiviral vector, we transferred the cDNA encoding the heavy and light chains of a monoclonal anti-Met antibody (DN-30) to epithelial cancer cells. In vitro, the transduced cells synthesized and secreted correctly assembled antibodies with the expected high affinity, inducing down-regulation of the Met receptor and strong inhibition of the invasive growth response. The inhibitory activity resulted (a) from the interference of the antibody with the Met receptor intracellular processing ("cell autonomous activity," in cis) and (b) from the antibody-induced cleavage of Met expressed at the cell surface ("bystander effect," in trans). The monoclonal antibody gene transferred into live animals by systemic administration or by local intratumor delivery resulted in substantial inhibition of tumor growth. These data provide proof of concept both for targeting the Met receptor and for a gene transfer-based immunotherapy strategy.
Programming Thermoresponsiveness of NanoVelcro Substrates Enables Effective Purification of Circulating Tumor Cells in Lung Cancer Patients (2014)

Unlike tumor biopsies that can be constrained by problems such as sampling bias, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are regarded as the "liquid biopsy" of the tumor, providing convenient access to all disease sites, including primary tumor and fatal metastases. Although enumerating CTCs is of prognostic significance in solid tumors, it is conceivable that performing molecular and functional analyses on CTCs will reveal much significant insight into tumor biology to guide proper therapeutic intervention. We developed the Thermoresponsive NanoVelcro CTC purification system that can be digitally programmed to achieve an optimal performance for purifying CTCs from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The performance of this unique CTC purification system was optimized by systematically modulating surface chemistry, flow rates, and heating/cooling cycles. By applying a physiologically endurable stimulation (i.e., temperature between 4 and 37 °C), the mild operational parameters allow minimum disruption to CTCs' viability and molecular integrity. Subsequently, we were able to successfully demonstrate culture expansion and mutational analysis of the CTCs purified by this CTC purification system. Most excitingly, we adopted the combined use of the Thermoresponsive NanoVelcro system with downstream mutational analysis to monitor the disease evolution of an index NSCLC patient, highlighting its translational value in managing NSCLC.
Low-coherence reflectometry for stationary lateral and depth profiling with acousto-optic deflectors and a CCD camera (1994)

We describe a new optical low-coherence reflectometer for depth and lateral scanning without moving parts. The reflectometer covers a range of 0.4 and 1 mm in the depth and lateral dimensions, respectively. This level was accomplished by an acousto-optic deflector for lateral scanning and temporal-coherence gating for depth resolution. The ac component of the reflected light was captured by a cooled 16-bit CCD camera with a special readout scheme. As a proof of principle, optical depths of a staggered stack of glass plates were measured.
MODULATION OF THE EXPRESSION OF GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS IN SYNOVIAL FIBROBLASTS AND CHONDROCYTES BY PROSTAGLANDINS AND NSAIDs (1996)

Endogenous glucocorticoids are of prime importance in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis through their binding to specific cell receptors. Under normal conditions, physiological concentrations of cortisol are potentially capable of suppressing metalloprotease synthesis by chondrocytes and synoviocytes. This hormone action is like to represent one of the major pathways through which the catabolism of cartilage under physiological conditions is kept in a homeostatic state. In osteoarthritis (OA), a severe reduction (about 50%) in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) level in chondrocytes was found to be sufficient to alter the cellular steroid resistance in terms of the synthesis of destructive enzymes. Prostaglandins of the E series and dibutyryl cyclic AMP increased the GR level in normal and OA human articular chondrocytes. Synthetic PGE(1) (misoprostol) also induced upregulation of GR expression in chondrocytes. Naproxen and indomethacin, but not tiaprofenic acid, at therapeutic concentrations, significantly reduced the level of GR in synovial cells. This effect could be reversed by the additionl of misoprostol. These findings bring insight into the differential effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the GR system and may provide an explanation for the reduced level of GR found in OA chondrocytes. The addition of synthetic prostaglandins may prove to be of therapeutic importance in the treatment of arthritic diseases by potentiating the effects of therapeutically administered glucocorticoid on the reducation of the catabolism of articular cartilage.
Introduction to Molecular Neurosurgery (2007)

The term molecular neurosurgery has been applied to several different experimental strategies, including a variety of genetic manipulations. For the purposes of this book, the term is used to refer to the use of targeted cytotoxins to produce highly selective neural lesions. Used in this sense, the term is relevant to both experimental and potential clinical applications. The body of work addressed in this volume grew out of initial experiments in the laboratory of Donald J. Reis in 1980–1981. The initial experimental challenge was how to selectively destroy baroreceptor afferents that make up a small portion of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. The strategy chosen was to develop a technique using toxin retrogradely transported from an application site on the peripheral baroreceptor nerves in the neck. First attempts used low-molecular-weight cytotoxic drugs, such as doxorubicin, and were unsuccessful. Reasoning that the initial lack of success reflected inadequate delivery of toxin to the cell bodies, a plan was developed to attach these drugs to a well-transported agent, such as wheat germ agglutinin, which at the time was introduced as a highly effective anatomical tracer (1). However, a simpler option seemed attractive. If a lectin such as wheat germ agglutinin was well transported, then perhaps a toxic lectin such as ricin or abrin would work. In retrospect, Harper and colleagues (2) had previously shown evidence for retrograde axonal transport of ricin, but this publication was discovered only after the initial suicide transport experiments applied ricin to the vagus nerve (3).
Grammatical category disambiguation by statistical optimization (1988)

Several algorithms have been developed in the past that attempt to resolve categorial ambiguities in natural language text without recourse to syntactic or semantic level information. An innovative method (called CLAWS) was recently developed by those working with the Lancaster-Oslo/Bergen Corpus of British English. This algorithm uses a systematic calculation based upon the probabilities of co-occurrence of particular tags. Its accuracy is high, but it is very slow, and it has been manually augmented in a number of ways. The effects upon accuracy of this manual augmentation are not individually known.The current paper presents an algorithm for disambiguation that is similar to CLAWS but that operates in linear rather than in exponential time and space, and which minimizes the unsystematic augments. Tests of the algorithm using the million words of the Brown Standard Corpus of English are reported; the overall accuracy is 96%. This algorithm can provide a fast and accurate front end to any parsing or natural language processing system for English.
Dialysis Cell for the In Vitro Measurement of Protein Digestibility (1986)

ABSTRACT A dialysis cell was devised to study in vitro digestion of proteins. The inner reaction vessel (surrounded by a tubular membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 1000) was fixed into a cylindrical outer compartment where buffer circulation was provided. The dimensions of compartments, membranes and buffer flow rate were determined with labelled amino acids in order to ensure the most efficient diffusion pattern. For the digestion assay, casein was first hydrolyzed with pepsin (pH 1.9) for 30 min. The mixture was then made alkaline (pH 7.5) and poured into the dialysis tube with pancreatin. Nitrogenous material collected with the sodium phosphate buffer was analyzed without further fractionation for the direct measurement of hydrolysis kinetic or of protein digestibility.
A specific binding protein from Manduca sexta for the insecticidal toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. berliner (1993)

Biopesticides based on the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis have attracted wide attention as safe alternatives to chemical pesticides. In this paper, we report, for the first time, the identification and purification of a single binding protein from a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta, that is specific for a cryIA toxin of B. thuringiensis. The purified protein appeared as a single band of 210 kDa on a two-dimensional gel, had a pI of approximately 5.5, and stained with Schiff's reagent. The band material was sensitive to proteolytic digestion and was rich with acidic amino acids, indicating its protein nature. Radiolabeled toxin bound to the protein with a Kd value of 708 pM and could be specifically blocked by unlabeled toxin but not by toxins from other subspecies of B. thuringiensis. This study lays the groundwork to clone the toxin binding protein and to determine the molecular mechanism(s) of toxin action.