gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Incriminated Medium? The City as Urban Spectacle (2012)

Just look at this city – whoever did the planning for all this wants his balls roasted. (taxi driver in Letter to Brezhnev , Chris Bernard, 1985) Spatial Stories and Iterations of Place Of the many ‘turns’ that have, with increasing regularity, come to define points of theoretical re-orientation in recent years, the ‘mobility turn’ has arguably been one of the most far-reaching and significant. As to what exactly ‘mobility’ refers to here I will elaborate further below. But it is important to stress at this juncture that it is within the theoretical framework of spatiality that these elaborative discursions are more specifically situated. In framing ideas of a ‘mobility turn’ in terms of the production of mobility (Cresswell 2001) my analysis is focused on the ways in which these are closely bound up with discussions relating to the production of social space, most notably those initiated by Lefebvre and others. In this sense the ‘mobility turn’ is understood as part of and inextricable from the ‘spatial turn’ that has left its mark on the social sciences and humanities over the last two or three decades (Warf and Arias 2008). As I will argue, approaching the production of urban mediations as a feature of the broader dialectical production of space and mobility enables us to map some of the contradictions which emerge between the representational and lived spaces of the city, and between virtual and embedded geographies of transit and deterritorialization.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF SOME NICKEL(II)β-KETOAMINES AND THEIR ADDUCTS WITH 2,2′-BIPYRIDINE AND 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE (2002)

ABSTRACT A series of nickel(II) β-ketoimine complexes, {Ni[CH3-C(O)CHC(CH3)NR]2, R=CH3, C4H9}, and ketoiminates, {Ni[CH3C(O)CH(CH3)C(-N(CH2)nN-)C(CH3)CHC(O)CH3], n=2, 6, 8, 9}, and their adducts with 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) have been synthesized and characterized using elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility, conductivity, infrared and electronic spectral measurements. The ketoimine ligands coordinate to the nickel atom in a bidentate fashion using the N2O2 chromophore. A range of stereochemistries was observed for the nickel(II) ketoiminates from four-coordinate tetrahedral and square-planar geometry to six-coordinate octahedral geometry. Conductivity measurements indicate that the compounds are non-electrolytes. The influence of bridging chain lengthening on the adopted geometry is discussed and possible structures for the compounds are suggested.
Topological Organization of the Hyaluronan Synthase fromStreptococcus pyogenes (2001)

Since we first reported (DeAngelis, P. L., Papaconstantinou, J., and Weigel, P. H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 19181-19184) the cloning of the hyaluronan (HA) synthase from Streptococcus pyogenes (spHAS), numerous membrane-bound HA synthases have been discovered in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The HASs are unique among enzymes studied to date because they mediate 6-7 discrete functions in order to assemble a polysaccharide containing hetero-disaccharide units and simultaneously effect translocation of the growing HA chain through the plasma membrane. To understand how the relatively small spHAS performs these various functions, we investigated the topological organization of the protein utilizing fusion analysis with two reporter enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase, as well as several other approaches. From these studies, we conclude that the NH2 terminus and the COOH terminus, as well as the major portion of a large central domain are localized intracellularly. The first two predicted membrane domains were confirmed to be transmembrane domains and give rise to a very small extracellular loop that is inaccessible to proteases. Several regions of the large internal central domain appear to be associated with, but do not traverse, the membrane. Following the central domain, there are two additional transmembrane domains connected by a second small extracellular loop that also is inaccessible to proteases. The COOH-terminal approximately 25% of spHAS also contains a membrane domain that does not traverse the membrane and may contain extensive re-entrant loops or amphipathic helices. Numerous membrane associations of this latter COOH-terminal region and the central domain may be required to create a pore-like structure through which a growing HA chain can be extruded to the cell exterior. Based on the high degree of similarity among Class I HAS family members, these enzymes may have a similar topological organization for their spHAS-related domains.
Alternative Splicing Switches the Divalent Cation Selectivity of TRPM3 Channels (2005)

TRPM3 is a poorly understood member of the large family of transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. Here we describe five novel splice variants of TRPM3, TRPM3alpha1-5. These variants are characterized by a previously unknown amino terminus of 61 residues. The differences between the five variants arise through splice events at three different sites. One of these splice sites might be located in the pore region of the channel as indicated by sequence alignment with other, better-characterized TRP channels. We selected two splice variants, TRPM3alpha1 and TRPM3alpha2, that differ only in this presumed pore region and analyzed their biophysical characteristics after heterologous expression in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. TRPM3alpha1 as well as TRPM3alpha2 induced a novel, outwardly rectifying cationic conductance that was tightly regulated by intracellular Mg(2+). However, these two variants are highly different in their ionic selectivity. Whereas TRPM3alpha1-encoded channels are poorly permeable for divalent cations, TRPM3alpha2-encoded channels are well permeated by Ca(2+) and Mg(2+). Additionally, we found that currents through TRPM3alpha2 are blocked by extracellular monovalent cations, whereas currents through TRPM3alpha1 are not. These differences unambiguously show that TRPM3 proteins constitute a pore-forming channel subunit and localize the position of the ion-conducting pore within the TRPM3 protein. Although the ionic selectivity of ion channels has traditionally been regarded as rather constant for a given channel-encoding gene, our results show that alternative splicing can be a mechanism to produce channels with very different selectivity profiles.
Facilitator oligonucleotides increase ribozyme RNA binding to full‐length RNA substrates in vitro (1996)

Primer extension arrest (PEA) studies have demonstrated that antisense oligonucleotides (beta 112C, beta 114C), which lie upstream of a ribozyme targeted to beta-amyloid peptide precursor (beta APP) mRNA, but not sense oligonucleotides (beta 112S, beta 116S) or a scrambled oligonucleotide, beta 116 M, affect ribozyme-mediated cleavage in vitro. Substrate dissociation experiments revealed that the ribozyme binding site in this mRNA was masked; PEA kinetics showed the association of the ribozyme and substrate was enhanced by antisense oligonucleotide binding. These studies suggest that masked ribozyme cleavage sites that may occur in disease-causing mRNAs can be targeted for degradation using "facilitator" oligonucleotides.
Discovery of riociguat (BAY 63-2521): a potent, oral stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (2009)

Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a key signal-transduction enzyme activated by nitric oxide (NO). Impairments of the NO-sGC signaling pathway have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and other diseases. Direct stimulation of sGC represents a promising therapeutic strategy particularly for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH), a disabling disease associated with a poor prognosis. Previous sGC stimulators such as the pyrazolopyridines BAY 41-2272 and BAY41-8543 demonstrated beneficial effects in experimental models of PH, but were associated with unfavorable drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) properties. Herein we disclose an extended SAR exploration of this compound class to address these issues. Our efforts led to the identification of the potent sGC stimulator riociguat, which exhibits an improved DMPK profile and exerts strong effects on pulmonary hemodynamics and exercise capacity in patients with PH. Riociguat (BAY 63-2521) is currently being investigated in phase III clinical trials for the oral treatment of PH.
Tumor necrosis factor induces skeletal muscle protein breakdown in rats (1991)

The metabolic response to infection includes loss of lean tissue and increased nitrogen excretion. The loss of muscle tissue during infection results in large part from accelerated skeletal muscle protein breakdown. Recent studies suggest that macrophage-derived products secreted during infection may signal increased muscle proteolysis. To test this, in the present report the ability of interleukin (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to enhance muscle proteolysis was examined. Young rats were injected intravenously with either recombinant human IL-1 or TNF. For comparison some rats were injected with bacterial endotoxin. Eight hours after each treatment, the extensor digitorum longus muscles were isolated and incubated in vitro to assess muscle proteolysis by measuring tyrosine and 3-methyl-L-histidine release by the incubated muscles. Treatment of rats with either IL-1, TNF, or endotoxin all induced fever, increased serum lactate, and reduced serum zinc levels. Despite similar metabolic changes, muscle proteolysis responded differently. As expected, endotoxin treatment enhanced muscle protein breakdown, whereas IL-1 treatment was without effect. On the other hand, TNF was effective in accelerating muscle protein breakdown. TNF addition in vitro failed to enhance muscle proteolysis by incubated muscles, suggesting that its effects may be mediated in an indirect manner; however, a direct mode of action cannot yet be ruled out. Overall, the data indicate that the acute administration of TNF can signal increased muscle proteolysis similar to that observed during infection.
Efficacy of Extended-Release Venlafaxine in Nondepressed Outpatients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (2000)

Venlafaxine XR is an effective and well-tolerated option for the short-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in outpatients without major depressive disorder.
Nanophase Cobalt Oxyhydroxide Mineral Synthesized within the Protein Cage of Ferritin (2000)

The empty protein cage of ferritin has been used to synthesize and entrap nanoscale particles of a green cobalt oxide via oxidative hydrolysis of Co(II) by H2O2. The resulting composite material retains the properties of the protein while incorporating the characteristics of the encapsulated mineral. The visible absorption spectrum has a broad band at 350 nm and the IR spectrum shows a band at 587 cm-1 characteristic of the cobalt oxyhydroxide Co(O)OH.
3D differential phase contrast microscopy (2016)

We demonstrate 3D phase and absorption recovery from partially coherent intensity images captured with a programmable LED array source. Images are captured through-focus with four different illumination patterns. Using first Born and weak object approximations (WOA), a linear 3D differential phase contrast (DPC) model is derived. The partially coherent transfer functions relate the sample's complex refractive index distribution to intensity measurements at varying defocus. Volumetric reconstruction is achieved by a global FFT-based method, without an intermediate 2D phase retrieval step. Because the illumination is spatially partially coherent, the transverse resolution of the reconstructed field achieves twice the NA of coherent systems and improved axial resolution.
Biochemical characterization and analysis of the transforming potential of the FLT3/FLK2 receptor tyrosine kinase. (1993)

We recently cloned an additional member of the receptor type tyrosine kinase class III. This new gene, called Flt3 by our group [Rosnet, O., Matteï, M.G., Marchetto, S. & Birnbaum, D. (1991). Genomics, 9, 380-385; Rosnet, O., Marchetto, S., deLapeyriere, O. & Birnbaum, D. (1991). Oncogene, 6, 1641-1650] and Flk2 by others [Matthews, W., Jordan, C.T., Wieg, G.W., Pardoll, D. & Lemischka, I.R. (1991). Cell, 65, 1143-1152] is strongly related to the important developmental genes Kit, Fms and Pdgfr. The murine 3.2-kb full-length cDNA, when introduced into COS-1 cells, shows the expression of two polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 155 kDa and 132 kDa. Treatment of cells with N-linked glycosylation inhibitors results in the expression of a 110-kDa protein. We have shown that FLT3 contains an intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. A point mutation in a highly conserved residue within the phosphoryltransferase domain inactivates the catalytic function of this receptor, whereas activation by way of a chimeric molecule between the ligand-binding domain of colony-stimulating factor type 1 (CSF-1) receptor (CSF-1R) and the kinase domain of FLT3 results, in the presence of CSF-1, in the development of the transforming activity of this receptor as shown by anchorage-independent cell growth. Finally, expression analysis of the FLT3 protein shows that, in addition to the hematopoietic system, FLT3 is strongly expressed in neural, gonadal, hepatic and placental tissues in the mouse.
Editor's Note (1998)

Our Fall 1997 and Winter 1997-98 issues introduced our readers to the debate concerning Soviet intentions and preparedness in 1941. In this issue we return to the war, but this time our focus is on the home front. Our guest editor is Greta Bucher, assistant professor of history at the U.S. Military Academy and a specialist on Soviet women. She is the author of "Images of Soviet Women in World War II," forthcoming in The Journal of Women's History.
Role of CBP/p300 and SRC-1 in Transcriptional Regulation of the Pulmonary Surfactant Protein-A (SP-A) Gene by Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1) (2002)

Surfactant protein-A (SP-A) gene expression is developmentally regulated in fetal lung type II cells and is enhanced by cAMP. cAMP stimulation of SP-A gene expression is mediated by protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), expressed selectively in developing lung epithelium. In this study, we analyzed roles of CREB-binding protein (CBP) and steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) in TTF-1 regulation of SP-A expression. Upon differentiation of human fetal lung in culture, nuclear localization of CBP, SRC-1, and TTF-1 increased in ductular epithelium in association with type II cell differentiation and induction of SP-A expression. In transient transfections, CBP and SRC-1 acted synergistically with TTF-1 to increase SP-A promoter activity. Overexpression of PKA catalytic subunit enhanced hSP-A promoter activation by SRC-1 plus TTF-1. Adenoviral E1A overexpression reduced TTF-1 +/- SRC-1 induction of SP-A promoter activity, suggesting a role of endogenous CBP/p300. TTF-1 interacted with SRC-1 and CBP in vitro. SRC-1 immunodepletion from type II cell nuclear extracts reduced binding to the TTF-1 binding element upstream of SP-A gene. In cultured type II cells, cAMP increased TTF-1 acetylation. This suggests that cAMP-mediated TTF-1 phosphorylation facilitates interaction with CBP and SRC-1, resulting in its hyperacetylation, further enhancing TTF-1 DNA-binding and transcriptional activity.
A minimum profile uniform current density electrode (1992)

Present methods of determining the safe injected charge levels for disk-type electrodes are given in terms of an average charge density, although the charge density is higher near the periphery of the electrode. This paper describes an electrode that produces an injected charge density that is uniform over the surface of the electrode and thus permits maximum utilization of the surface. Charge density is the time integral of current density, and the alteration of the current density is obtained by adding curvature to the electrode and recessing it within a cylindrical insulating well. A novel numerical method is used to determine the recession and curvature, and this numerical method is also presented. The benefit of this technique is that it permits a reduction in the electrode size while maintaining the maximum safe injected charge level of a disk-type electrode. A minimum profile uniform current density electrode and the algorithms used in its design are presented in this paper. Finally, a flat electrode that is recessed by as little as 1/10 of its diameter is shown to have an injected current density on the electrode surface that is superior to that of a flat surface mounted electrode.
Location of a gene (ssrA) for a small, stable RNA (10Sa RNA) in the Escherichia coli chromosome (1990)

The gene for 10Sa RNA, which is a major small, stable RNA in Escherichia coli, is a unique gene in the E. coli chromosome. The 10Sa RNA gene (ssrA) has been located between 2,760 and 2,761 kilobases on the E. coli genome.
No effect of n-3 fatty acids supplementation on NT-proBNP after myocardial infarction: The Alpha Omega Trial (2014)

supplementation with modest amounts of EPA-DHA, with or without ALA, did not have a significant effect on NT-proBNP levels in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.
Effector Cell Protease Receptor-1 Is a Vascular Receptor for Coagulation Factor Xa (1996)

The binding and assembly of the coagulation proteases on the endothelial cell surface are important steps not only in the generation of thrombin and thrombogenesis, but also in vascular cell signaling. Effector cell protease receptor (EPR-1) was identified as a novel leukocyte cell surface receptor recognizing the coagulation serine protease Factor Xa but not the precursor Factor X. We now demonstrate that EPR-1 is expressed on vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Northern blots of endothelial and smooth muscle cells demonstrated three abundant mRNA bands of 3.0, 1.8, and 1.3 kDa. 125I-Labeled Factor Xa bound to endothelial cells in a dose-dependent saturable manner, and the binding was inhibited by antibody to EPR-1. No specific binding was observed with a recombinant mutant Factor X in which the activation site was substituted by Arg196 --> Gln to prevent the proteolytic conversion to Xa. EPR-1 was identified immunohistochemically on microvascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Functionally, exposure of smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells to Factor Xa induced a 3-fold and a 2-fold increase in [3H]thymidine uptake, respectively. However, receptor occupancy alone is insufficient for mitogenic signaling because the active site of the enzyme is required for mitogenesis. Thus, EPR-1 represents a site of specific protease-receptor complex assembly, which during local initiation of the coagulation cascade could mediate cellular signaling and responses of the vessel wall.
Vibrationally resonant imaging of a single living cell by supercontinuum-based multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy (2005)

Supercontinuum-based multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microspectroscopy has been applied to vibrational imaging of a living fission yeast cell. We have successfully extracted only a vibrationally resonant CARS image from a characteristic spectral profile in the C-H stretching vibrational region. Using our simple but sensitive analysis, the vibrational contrast is significantly improved in comparison with a CARS imaging at a fixed Raman shift. The CARS image of a living yeast cell indicates several areas at which the signal is remarkably strong. They are considered to arise from mitochondria.
Functional interaction of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and heparin (1991)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), the fast-acting inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase (u-PA), is a member of the serpin superfamily of proteins. Both in plasma and in the growth substratum of cultured endothelial cells, PAI-1 is associated with its binding protein vitronectin, resulting in a stabilization of active PAI-1. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the PAI-1-binding site on vitronectin is adjacent to a heparin-binding site (Preissner et al., 1990). Furthermore, it can be deduced that the amino acid residues, proposed to mediate heparin binding in the serpins antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II, are conserved in PAI-1. Consequently, here we have investigated whether PAI-1 also interacts with heparin. At pH 7.4, PAI-1 quantitatively binds to heparin-Sepharose and can be eluted with increasing [NaCl]. Binding of PAI-1 to heparin-Sepharose can be efficiently competed with heparin in solution (IC50, 7 microM). In the presence of heparin, the protease specificity of PAI-1 toward thrombin is substantially increased. This is shown by (i) quenching of thrombin activity of PAI-1 in the presence of heparin and (ii) induction of the formation of SDS-stable complexes between thrombin and PAI-1 by heparin. In a dose response curve, both effects reached a maximum at approximately 1 unit/mL and then diminished again upon further increasing the heparin concentration, strongly suggesting a template mechanism as an explanation for the observed effect. In contrast to vitronectin, heparin does not stabilize the active conformation of PAI-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Refixation of large chondral fragments on the weight‐bearing area of the knee joint: A report of two cases (1994)

In most cases of cartilage avulsion, the chondral fragments are severely damaged, and refixation is therefore impossible. We present two cases with large intact cartilage fragments from the weight-bearing area of the femoral condyle after patellar dislocation. We tried refixation using fibrin sealant (Tisseel-Kit, Immuno AG, Vienna, Austria) and polydioxanone-pins (Bio-fix-Pins, Miracon AB, Helsingborg, Sweden). At second look arthroscopy, we found only one third to one half of the defects healed. Due to these results, the refixation of chondral fragments without attached bone seems to be questionable.
Vaccination of Japanese patients with advanced melanoma with peptide, tumor lysate or both peptide and tumor lysate‐pulsed mature, monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (2006)

We performed a clinical trial to assess the feasibility and efficacy of immunotherapy with peptides, tumor lysate or both peptides and tumor lysate-pulsed mature, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) for advanced malignant melanoma patients that are resistant to conventional therapies. Sixteen patients were enrolled in this trial. All patients received DC vaccines i.d. in the proximal thigh, close to the inguinal lymph nodes, one treatment per week or 2 weeks. Several factors such as clinical findings, computed tomography (CT) images, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay, and immunohistochemistry in primary, metastatic lesions and the DTH site were evaluated. Clinical results through DC vaccination were as follows: in 11 evaluable cases, three stable disease, six progression of disease and two disease-free from the time of study entry to the completion of one vaccination course. One patient showed reduction of the tumors in the metastases on chest CT during the first and second course of DC vaccination. Ten out of 14 evaluable cases showed positive DTH responses to more than one treatment with melanoma peptides or tumor lysate. Eight out of 13 evaluable cases showed positive immunological responses to more than one treatment with melanoma peptides or tumor lysate in an ELISPOT assay. As for the experiences with toxicity and adverse reactions, autosensitization dermatitis-like eruptions appeared in five cases during DC vaccination. No severe adverse effects were seen in any of the patients. In our study, the clinical efficacy in prolongation of the patients' survival was confirmed. At the same time, cancer immunoediting of the tumor was also found. It will be necessary to improve the tumor-specificity of this therapeutic approach and to analyze the mechanism(s) of tumor escape from immunosurveillance in melanoma.