gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Cells and Oxygen Radicals (2005)

At sites of inflammation, multiple inflammatory cells including eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages are capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can contribute to development of various diseases. In case of allergic inflammation, for example, the lung cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) following antigen challenge generates superoxide anion at nanomolar concentrations. Eosinophils obtained from BAL following a segmental allergen challenge generate more superoxide anion than eosinophils obtained from the peripheral circulation. Such ROS may contribute not only to tissue injury but also to inflammatory reactions. For example, hydrogen peroxide can stimulate both neutrophil and eosinophil adhesion as an autocrine or paracrine mediator via the upregulation of beta2 integrin. Furthermore, ROS may alter morphological or functional properties of endothelial cells, including permeability and adhesion molecule expression. Thus, ROS can promote adhesive interaction between inflammatory and endothelial cells, which could culminate in manifestations of inflammatory diseases such as bronchial asthma.
Advancing Human Circadian Rhythms with Afternoon Melatonin and Morning Intermittent Bright Light (2006)

Afternoon melatonin, morning intermittent bright light, and a gradually advancing sleep schedule advanced circadian rhythms almost 1 h/d and thus produced very little circadian misalignment. This treatment could be used in any situation in which people need to phase advance their circadian clock, such as before eastward jet travel or for delayed sleep phase syndrome.
A novel O‐phospho‐L‐serine sulfhydrylation reaction catalyzed by O‐acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1 (2003)

O-Acetylserine sulfhydrylase (OASS), a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the synthesis of L-cysteine from O-acetyl-L-serine and sulfide. O-Acetyl-L-serine is labile at high temperatures at which hyperthermophilic archaea live. Herein, a study of the substrate specificity of OASS from Aeropyrum pernix K1 with respect to O-acetyl-L-serine in L-cysteine synthesis is described. L-Azaserine, 3-chloro-L-alanine, and O-phospho-L-serine reacted with A. pernix OASS in a PLP-dependent manner. Sulfhydrylation reactions using these substrates reached a maximum in the pH range between 7.3 and 8.1. L-Azaserine and O-phospho-L-serine were found to be heat-stable substrates. The presence of FeCl3 or NiCl2 strongly inhibited the O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylation reaction, whereas the O-phospho-L-serine sulfhydrylation reaction was only slightly inhibited. Kinetic analyses revealed that the O-phospho-L-serine sulfhydrylation reaction as well as the O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylation reaction for A. pernix OASS followed a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism. In the case of the O-phospho-L-serine sulfhydrylation reaction at 85 degrees C, the K(m) values for O-phospho-L-serine and sulfide, and the rate constant were 250 mM, 12.5 mM, and 14000 s(-1), respectively. The reactivity of O-phospho-L-serine in the L-cysteine synthetic reaction provides a key for understanding the biosynthesis of L-cysteine by hyperthermophilic archaea. This is the first report of an enzyme that catalyzes the O-phospho-L-serine sulfhydrylation reaction.
Subtype-selective desensitization of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. Different mechanisms control short and long term agonist-promoted desensitization of alpha 2C10, alpha 2C4, and alpha 2C2. (1992)

We have recently shown that the alpha 2C10 adrenergic receptor (AR) undergoes short term agonist-promoted desensitization, mediated by phosphorylation of sites in the third intracellular loop. There is significant divergence in the third loop amino acid sequences between alpha 2C10 and the other subtypes, alpha 2C4 and alpha 2C2. We therefore explored the mechanisms of alpha 2AR subtype desensitization by expressing each human subtype in Chinese hamster ovary cells and subjecting them to short and long term epinephrine exposures. After 30 min of agonist exposure, alpha 2C10 and alpha 2C2 displayed desensitization characterized by rightward shifts in the curves for epinephrine-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (EC50 = alpha 2C10, 0.24 +/- 0.02 microM increasing to 1.1 +/- 0.1 microM; alpha 2C2, 1.3 +/- 0.3 increasing to 2.6 +/- 0.3 microM). Coincident with alpha 2C10 and alpha 2C2 desensitizations were decreases in agonist high affinity binding. In contrast, alpha 2C4 underwent no functional desensitization after short term agonist exposure, nor were there any changes in agonist high affinity binding. Agonist-promoted receptor sequestration was clearly greater with alpha 2C10 (approximately 26%) and alpha 2C2 (approximately 35%) as compared to alpha 2C4 (approximately 12%), but such sequestration did not play a significant role in short term desensitization, as blockade with concanavalin A had no effect on desensitization patterns. In contrast to these findings, all alpha 2AR subtypes underwent desensitization after prolonged (24 h) agonist exposure. However, alpha 2C10 and alpha 2C2 displayed substantially more desensitization (approximately 20-fold increase in EC50) as compared to alpha 2C4 (approximately 5-fold increase). The primary mechanism of desensitization during long term agonist exposure was found to be a decrease in the amount of cellular Gi, which was equivalent in magnitude in cells expressing all three subtypes. However, in addition to a decrease in Gi, alpha 2C10 and alpha 2C2 underwent down-regulation of receptor levels during long term agonist exposure, while alpha 2C4 did not. Given that all three subtypes bind endogenous catecholamines with high affinity and inhibit adenylyl cyclase efficiently, the significance of multiple subtypes has heretofore been obscure. Our results show that alpha 2AR undergo subtype-selective desensitization to agonists and suggest that alpha 2AR subtypes may have evolved to meet differing needs for adaptive regulation.
Selective Postoperative Inhibition of Gastrointestinal Opioid Receptors (2001)

Selective inhibition of gastrointestinal opioid receptors by an antagonist with limited oral absorption that does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier speeds recovery of bowel function and shortens the duration of hospitalization.
Construction of recombinants between molecular clones of murine retrovirus MCF 247 and Akv: determinant of an in vitro host range property that maps in the long terminal repeat (1985)

The leukemogenic mink cell focus-forming (MCF) retroviruses such as MCF 247 have biological properties distinct from those of their ecotropic progenitors. Nucleotide sequences encoding portions of gp70, Prp15E, and the long terminal repeat differ between the two types of viruses. To investigate the role of each of these genetic elements in determining the biological properties of MCF viruses, we prepared infectious molecular clones of MCF 247 and generated a set of recombinants between these clones and a molecular clone of Akv, the ecotropic parent of MCF 247. Each molecular clone of MCF 247 was distinct. All the recombinants between Akv and MCF 247 yielded infectious virus upon transfection. Most interestingly, recombinants which contain the long terminal repeat of MCF 247 were found to have an in vitro host range property that has been correlated with high oncogenic activity and thymotropism of certain MCF isolates; namely, they plated with higher efficiency on SC-1 cells than on NFS mouse embryo cells. Nononcogenic MCF isolates showed a slight preference for NFS cells, whereas Akv virus plated with approximately equal efficiency on the two cell types.
Designing a Warm-Up Protocol for Elite Bob-Skeleton Athletes (2013)

Changing timing and intensity of warm-up and using an ancillary passive heat-retention device improved sprint performance in Olympic-level bob-skeleton athletes. Subsequent adoption of these on the competitive circuit was associated with a seasonal improvement in push times and was ultimately implemented in the 2010 Winter Olympics.
THE REPAIR OF LOCALIZED SEVERE RIDGE DEFECTS FOR IMPLANT PLACEMENT USING MANDIBULAR BONE GRAFTS (1995)

Severe alveolar deficiencies can prevent ideal implant placement. Management of osseous defects often necessitates autogenous bone grafting. The mandibular symphysis graft technique offers ease of access, good bone quantity for localized repair, a corticocancellous block graft morphology, low morbidity and minimal graft resorption. An improved bone density results along with a shorter healing time as compared with other methods for bone repair. An understanding of graft management and implant placement is essential for clinical success.
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Rapidly Inhibits Expression of C–C Chemokine Receptors in Human Monocytes (1997)

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on C-C chemokine receptors (CCR) expressed in human mononuclear phagocytes. LPS caused a rapid and drastic reduction of CCR2 mRNA levels, which binds MCP-1 and -3. CCR1 and CCR5 mRNAs were also reduced, though to a lesser extent, whereas CXCR2 was unaffected. The rate of nuclear transcription of CCR2 was not affected by LPS, whereas the mRNA half life was reduced from 1.5 h to 45 min. As expected, LPS-induced inhibition of CCR2 mRNA expression was associated with a reduction of both MCP-1 binding and chemotactic responsiveness. The capacity to inhibit CCR2 expression in monocytes was shared by other microbial agents and cytokines (inactivated Streptococci, Propionibacterium acnes, and to a lesser extent, IL-1 and TNF-alpha). In contrast, IL-2 augmented CCR2 expression and MCP-1 itself had no effect. These results suggest that, regulation of receptor expression in addition to agonist production is likely a crucial point in the regulation of the chemokine system.
A framework for building cell libraries with novel devices (2002)

The decade of the nineties has witnessed a rapid growth in device technologies. Emerging devices can provide higher packaging density through vertical packing of lowered feature sizes, as well as allow fabrication using experimental materials with sub-threshold switching, opto-electronic, and superconducting properties. A lack of suitable simulation framework at the circuit level impedes the progress in rapidly developing circuit level models for putative applications. Circuit realization and simulation using commonly available suites of EDA tools is therefore desirable for the advancement of research in novel devices. A technique for overcoming this limitation using the currently available IC design tools is outlined in this paper. A "component library" consisting of primitive cells is developed and used for the automated development of higher level optimized cells. The higher level cells are generated using automated place and route tools and subsequently annotated with the pin delays obtained from the SPICE simulation. The optimized high level cells can be used in designing higher level systems and also be used in functional and timing verification on a digital simulation kernel. The only pre-requisite to the outlined approach is the existence of the SPICE models for devices that can allow modeling annotation of delays on the pins of the standard cells.
Fluorescent microsphere-based readout technology for multiplexed human single nucleotide polymorphism analysis and bacterial identification (2001)

Large-scale human genotyping requires technologies with a minimal number of steps, high accuracy, and the ability to automate at a reasonable cost. In this regard, we have developed a rapid, cost-effective readout method for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping that combines an easily automatable single-tube allele-specific primer extension (ASPE) with an efficient high throughput flow cytometric analysis performed on a Luminex 100 flow cytometer. This robust technique employs an ASPE reaction using PCR-derived target DNA containing the SNP and a pair of synthetic complementary capture probes that differ at their 3' end-nucleotide defining the alleles. Each capture probe has been synthesized to contain a unique 25-nucleotide identifying sequence (ZipCode) at its 5' end. An array of fluorescent microspheres, covalently coupled with complementary ZipCode sequences (cZipCodes), was hybridized to biotin-labeled ASPE reaction products, sequestering them for flow cytometric analysis. ASPE offers both an advantage of streamlining the SNP analysis protocol and an ability to perform multiplex SNP analysis on any mixture of allelic variants. All steps of the assay are simple additions of the solutions, incubations, and washes. This technique was used to assay 15 multiplexed SNPs on human chromosome 12 from 96 patients. Comparison of the microsphere-based ASPE assay results to gel-based oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) results showed 99.2% agreement in genotype assignments. In addition, the microsphere-based multiplex SNPs assay system was adapted for the identification of bacterial samples by both ASPE and single base chain extension (SBCE) assays. A series of probes designed for different variable sites of bacterial 16S rDNA permitted multiplex analysis and generated species- or genus-specific patterns. Seventeen bacterial species representing a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were analyzed within 16 variable sites of 16S rDNA sequence. The results were consistent with the published sequences and confirmed by direct DNA sequencing.
Tetracyclines Inhibit Connective Tissue Breakdown: New Therapeutic Implications for an Old Family of Drugs (1991)

Tetracyclines have long been considered useful adjuncts in peridontal therapy based on their antimicrobial efficacy against putative periodontopathogens. However, recently these drugs were found to inhibit mammalian collagenases and several other matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by a mechanism independent of their antimicrobial activity. Evidence is presented that this property may be therapeutically useful in retarding pathologic connective tissue breakdown, including bone resorption. The experiments leading to this discovery are described and possible mechanisms are addressed, including the specificity of tetracyclines' anti-collagenase activity, the role of the drugs' metal ion (Zn2+, Ca2+)-binding capacity, and the site on the tetracycline molecule responsible for this nonantimicrobial property. Of extreme interest, the tetracycline molecule has been chemically modified in multiple ways, generating a new family of compounds called CMTs (chemically modified tetracyclines) that lack antimicrobial but still retain anti-collagenase activity. The first of these CMTs, 4-de-di-methylaminotetracycline, was found not to produce a major side-effect of antimicrobial tetracycline therapy--its administration to experimental animals did not result in the emergence of tetracycline-resistant microorganisms in the oral flora and gut. Numerous examples of the clinical potential of this non-antimicrobial property of tetracyclines in the treatment of periodontal and several medical diseases (e.g., sterile corneal ulcers, rheumatoid arthritis, skin bullous lesions, tumor-induced angiogenesis and metastasis) are discussed.
Fused Deposition of Ceramics: A New Technique for the Rapid Fabrication of Ceramic Components (1995)

(1995). Fused Deposition of Ceramics: A New Technique for the Rapid Fabrication of Ceramic Components. Materials Technology: Vol. 10, No. 7-8, pp. 144-146.
Bacteria penetrate the normally impenetrable inner colon mucus layer in both murine colitis models and patients with ulcerative colitis (2013)

Normal human sigmoid colon has an inner mucus layer that is impenetrable to bacteria. The colon mucus in animal models that spontaneously develop colitis and in patients with active UC allows bacteria to penetrate and reach the epithelium. Thus colon mucus properties can be modulated, and this suggests a novel model of UC pathophysiology.
Formation of heat sinks using bonding and etch back technique in combination with diamond deposition (1993)

Formation of heat sinks using bonding and etch back technique in combination with diamond deposition
Neurotoxic disorders of organophosphorus compounds and their managements. (2008)

Organophosphorus compounds have been used as pesticides and as chemical warfare nerve agents. The mechanism of toxicity of organophosphorus compounds is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, which results in accumulation of acetylcholine and the continued stimulation of acetylcholine receptors. Therefore, they are also called anticholinesterase agents. Organophosphorus pesticides have largely been used worldwide, and poisoning by these agents, particularly in developing countries, is a serious health problem. Organophosphorus nerve agents were used by Iraqi army against Iranian combatants and even civilian population in 1983 - 1988. They were also used for chemical terrorism in Japan in 1994 - 1995. Their use is still a constant threat to the population. Therefore, medical and health professionals should be aware and learn more about the toxicology and proper management of organophosphorus poisoning. Determination of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in blood remains a mainstay for the fast initial screening of organophosphorus compounds but lacks sensitivity and specificity. Quantitative analysis of organophosphorus compounds and their degradation products in plasma and urine by mass spectrometric methods may prove exposure but is expensive and is limited to specialized laboratories. However, history of exposure to organophosphorous compounds and clinical manifestations of a cholinergic syndrome are sufficient for management of the affected patients. The standard management of poisoning with organophosphorous compounds consists of decontamination, and injection of atropine sulfate with an oxime. Recent advances on treatment of organophosphorus pesticides poisoning revealed that blood alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate and also magnesium sulfate as adjunctive therapies are promising. Patients who receive prompt proper treatment usually recover from acute toxicity but may suffer from neurologic complications.
[Double blind randomized trial of metopimazine: for postoperative nausea and vomiting after cholecystectomy]. (1979)

Eighty-four patients submitted to cholecystectomy were randomly assigned in a double-blind study either to an intravenous dose of 10 mg of metopimazine, three times D-1, for two days or to an identically administered placebo. A definite superiority of metopimazine as an anti-emetic drug was demonstrated. General acceptance was excellent, but arterial pressure might be looked over closely when metopimazine was administered intravenously immediately after a general anesthesia.
Systematic Inexhaustion (2005)

The history of mid-twentieth century art has frequently been delineated as a formalist teleological and systematic progression developing from various forms of Abstract Expressionism to the. increasingly monochromatic or even blank canvases of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Based on the reduction of a medium to its essence, the apparent logic propelling this development is one of exhaustion. Having achieved this paradoxical apogee of attainment and exhaustion, painting (and also other medium-specific work) is seen to at once confront and produce Minimalist and Conceptualist developments. This, of course, is to describe the work according to the logic of its formalist origins. But if the work is understood according to where it leads, an entirely different story ensues.
Estrogen effects on tubulin expression and taxane mediated cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells (2005)

The use of DES and 2-ME enhances the effects of taxanes and may be a novel and important means of increasing therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy against prostate carcinoma.
Intercellular signalling in Vibrio harveyi: sequence and function of genes regulating expression of luminescence (1993)

Density-dependent expression of luminescence in Vibrio harveyi is regulated by the concentration of an extracellular signal molecule (autoinducer) in the culture medium. A recombinant clone that restored function to one class of spontaneous dim mutants was found to encode functions necessary for the synthesis of, and response to, a signal molecule. Sequence analysis of the region encoding these functions revealed three open reading frames, two (luxL and luxM) that are required for production of an autoinducer substance and a third (luxN) that is required for response to this signal substance. The LuxL and LuxM proteins are not similar in amino acid sequence to other proteins in the database, but the LuxN protein contains regions of sequence resembling both the histidine protein kinase and the response regulator domains of the family of two-component, signal transduction proteins. The phenotypes of mutants with luxL, luxM and luxN defects indicated that an additional signal-response system controlling density-dependent expression of luminescence remains to be identified.
Optimized Pre-bond Test Methodology for Silicon Interposer Testing (2014)

Pre-bond testing of silicon interposer is difficult due to the large number of nets to be tested and small number of test access ports. Recently, it was proposed to include a test interposer that is contacted with the interposer under test in the testing process. Combining these two interposers provides access to nets that are not normally accessible. Previous synthesis method for test interposer was based on constrained breadth-first search, which can be time-consuming. Besides, separate test interposers have to be provided for open and short fault testing. In this paper, we present a theoretical study on the topology of testable circuit structure for interconnect faults in silicon interposer. Based on the theoretical framework, a more efficient synthesis method is developed. Furthermore, a single test interposer can be used for both open and short fault detection, which leads to shorter test time and lower test cost.
Technical report: Part 2. Basic requirements for designing optimal PCR primers (1996)

Designing optimal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sequences is one of the critical factors for successful PCR with sensitive, specific, and assay-to-assay reproducible results. In this review, all the requirements of PCR primer sequences are summarized, such as location, size of amplicon, length of primers, nucleotide composition, Tm, 3′ terminal hybridization strength and frequency, hairpin formation energy, primer-to-primer interaction, specificity, and location of mismatches to sequences of cross-hybridization. The report also discusses how to explore these various types of information for more advanced PCR applications, which include nested PCR, multiplex PCR, competitive PCR, long PCR, point mutation detection, degenerate primers, and PCR cloning. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Successful infection of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) with human varicella-zoster virus (1987)

The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, can be infected with human varicella-zoster virus (VZV), both wild-type strain KMcC and attenuated vaccine strain Oka/Merck. Infection was accomplished with either whole-cell-associated or cell extract VZV by combined oral-nasal-conjunctival application and was characterized by substantial and persistent anti-VZV antibody responses. The infectivity of VZV for marmosets was destroyed by treatment of inocula with heat or UV light. Diluted inocula with as few as 40 PFU/ml were infectious for marmosets. The lungs were demonstrated to be a major site of viral replication; both the presence of viral antigens and signs of pneumonia were demonstrated in lung tissues. Four serial passages of VZV KMcC were carried out in C. jacchus by a process of in vitro isolation and culturing of VZV from infected lung tissue and reapplication of the cultured isolates to fresh animals. The isolated viruses were identified as VZV both serologically and by restriction endonuclease analyses. The C. jacchus infectivity model should prove useful for determining the efficacy of subunit and live recombinant VZV vaccines as well as for the study of zoster.