gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Study of a Selective Encryption Scheme for the Security of Networked, Real-Time Video (1995)

Due to their large size, video images present a great challenge to currently available cryptographic algorithms; the computationally intensive processes of encryption and decryption of video images, introduce delays that are beyond acceptable realtime video application limits. In this paper, the Aegis mechanism is proposed. Aegis limits the amount of data to be encrypted or decrypted by using video compression to reduce the size of transmitted video images. The performance of Aegis (utilizing MPEG video compression across an ATM network) is explored through an extensive simulation study. Three types of video traffic: CATV, Stu&o TV, and video conference are considered. Our simulation results demonstrate the delay performance, as well as, the queue requirements for the Aegis encryption scheme versus the full encryption and no encryption schemes.
HLA-E–restricted regulatory CD8+ T cells are involved in development and control of human autoimmune type 1 diabetes (2010)

A key feature of the immune system is its ability to discriminate self from nonself. Breakdown in any of the mechanisms that maintain unresponsiveness to self (a state known as self-tolerance) contributes to the development of autoimmune conditions. Recent studies in mice show that CD8(+) T cells specific for the unconventional MHC class I molecule Qa-1 bound to peptides derived from the signal sequence of Hsp60 (Hsp60sp) contribute to self/nonself discrimination. However, it is unclear whether they exist in humans and play a role in human autoimmune diseases. Here we have shown that CD8(+) T cells specific for Hsp60sp bound to HLA-E (the human homolog of Qa-1) exist and play an important role in maintaining peripheral self-tolerance by discriminating self from nonself in humans. Furthermore, in the majority of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients tested, there was a specific defect in CD8(+) T cell recognition of HLA-E/Hsp60sp, which was associated with failure of self/nonself discrimination. However, the defect in the CD8(+) T cells from most of the T1D patients tested could be corrected in vitro by exposure to autologous immature DCs loaded with the Hsp60sp peptide. These data suggest that HLA-E-restricted CD8(+) T cells may play an important role in keeping self-reactive T cells in check. Thus, correction of this defect could be a potentially effective and safe approach in the therapy of T1D.
The corticotropin-releasing factor receptor: a novel target for the treatment of depression and anxiety-related disorders (2005)

The treatment of mood disorders has been the subject of intense study for more than half a century and has resulted in the discovery and availability of a number of compounds that have seen tremendous success in the management of major depression and anxiety-related disorders. In spite of this success, these drugs have not provided a complete therapeutic solution for all patients and this has revitalised the need for a greater understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and targets involved in these disorders. Elucidation of these novel targets will enable the development of a better class of compounds which could benefit a greater majority of the patient population and be devoid of the current side effect liabilities. Towards that end, this review examines, in detail, the prospect of one such target, the corticotropin-releasing factor system, as having an enhanced therapeutic profile with the potential of a broader range of efficacy with reduced side effect liabilities.
Adoptive Therapy Using Antigen-Specific T-Cell Clones (2010)

T-cell therapy involves the ex vivo isolation and expansion of antigen-specific T cells for adoptive transfer. The use of T-cell clones represents one embodiment of this approach and provides a uniform population of effector cells, so that parameters contributing to an effective response can be rigorously evaluated. T cells of defined specificity, phenotype, and function are isolated and expanded; when infused into patients, these intrinsic factors can be considered in light of extrinsic factors such as the type of conditioning regimen, cytokine support, and immunomodulatory reagents. In this chapter, 2 topics related to the use of antigen-specific T-cell clones are discussed: first, advances enabling the isolation and expansion of antigen-specific T-cell clones for human trials of adoptive therapy, and second, a contextual framework of advantages and limitations in which the use of adoptively transferred T-cell clones can be judiciously applied as a means to dissect the requirements for effective therapy.
Isolation and Characterization of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii from Calves and Piglets (2014)

The goal of our study was to isolate and characterize Faecalibacterium prausnitzii from fecal samples of healthy calves and piglets, in order to develop a novel probiotic for livestock animals. We identified 203 isolates of Faecalibacterium sp., which were clustered in 40 genetically distinct groups. One representative isolate from each cluster was selected for further characterization. The concentrations of the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetate, butyrate, propionate and isobutyrate in the culture media were measured by gas chromatography. We observed reduction in the concentration of acetate followed by concomitant increase in the concentration of butyrate, suggesting that the isolates were consuming acetate present in the media and producing butyrate. Butyrate production correlated positively with bacterial growth. Since butyrate has many benefits to the colonic epithelial cells, the selection of strains that produce higher amounts of butyrate is extremely important for the development of this potential probiotic. The effect of pH and concentration of bile salts on bacterial growth was also evaluated in order to mimic the conditions encountered by F. prausnitzii in vivo. The optimal pH for growth ranged between 5.5 and 6.7, while most isolates were inhibited by of the lowest concentration of bile salts tested (0.1%). Antimicrobial resistance profile showed that most isolates of Faecalibacterium sp. were resistant against ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. More than 50% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, amikacin, cefepime and cefoxitin. A total of 19 different combinations of multidrug resistance were observed among the isolates. Our results provide new insights into the cultural and physiological characteristics of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii illustrating large variability in short chain fatty acid production, in vitro growth, sensitivity to bile salts, and antibiotic resistance and suggesting that future probiotic candidates should be carefully studied before elected for in vivo studies.
Structure to 1.9 Å resolution of a complex with herpes simplex virus type‐1 thymidine kinase of a novel, non‐substrate inhibitor: X‐ray crystallographic comparison with binding of aciclovir (1999)

Treatment of herpes infections with nucleoside analogues requires as an initial step the activation of the compounds by thymidine kinase. As an aid to developing more effective chemotherapy, both for treatment of recurrent herpes infection and in gene therapy systems where thymidine kinase is expressed, two high-resolution X-ray structures of thymidine kinase have been compared: one with the relatively poor substrate aciclovir (Zovirax), the other with a synthetic inhibitor having an N2-substituted guanine. Both compounds have similar binding modes in spite of their size difference and apparently distinct ligand properties.
The Roles of 5′-HS2, 5′-HS3, and the γ-Globin TATA, CACCC, and Stage Selector Elements in Suppression of β-Globin Expression in Early Development (1999)

The roles of HS2 and HS3 from the human beta-globin locus control region and of the TATA, CACCC, and stage selector elements of the gamma-globin promoter, in competitive inhibition of beta-globin gene expression in early development, were tested using stable transfections of HEL and K562 cells. Cells with an HS3gamma beta construct demonstrate that HS3 exhibits enhancing activity, but compared with HS2, this site participates less consistently in the inhibition of embryonic/fetal beta-globin expression. In cells with HS3HS2gamma beta constructs, the two HS sites act in concert to more effectively enhance gamma-globin gene expression and to drive stage-specific expression of the gamma- and beta-globin genes. A gamma-globin gene with a -161 promoter can competitively inhibit beta-globin gene expression. HS3HS2gamma beta constructs were used to determine the effects of gamma-globin promoter mutations within this region on competition. The CACCC and TATA elements, but not the stage selector element, inhibit inappropriate embryonic/fetal stage expression of the beta-globin gene. The mutation in the gamma-globin TATA element results in the use of two major alternative transcription start sites. The data suggest that proteins binding to the gamma-globin CACCC and TATA elements interact with those binding to HS2 and/or HS3 to preclude beta-globin transcription in early development.
Survey Research and Societal Change (2004)

Surveys reflect societal change in a way that few other research tools do. Over the past two decades, three developments have transformed surveys. First, survey organizations have adopted new methods for selecting telephone samples; these new methods were made possible by the creation of large databases that include all listed telephone numbers in the United States. A second development has been the widespread decline in response rates for all types of surveys. In the face of this problem, survey researchers have developed new theories of nonresponse that build on the persuasion literature in social psychology. Finally, surveys have adopted many new methods of data collection; the new modes reflect technological developments in computing and the emergence of the Internet. Research has spawned several theories that examine how characteristics of the data collection method shape the answers obtained. Rapid change in survey methods is likely to continue in the coming years.
Viral Infection Triggers Rapid Differentiation of Human Blood Monocytes into Dendritic Cells (45.12) (2012)

Abstract Viruses post a constant threat of human existence. Although human immune system plays a central role in recognizing and eradicating pathogens, how it responds to virus infection remains unclear. Here we show that monocytes make up the majority of a wide variety of virus susceptible population in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Notably, infection with influenza virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and vaccinia virus promotes monocytes to differentiate within 18 hours into CD16-negative CD83-positive mature dendritic cells (DCs) with enhanced capacity to activate T cells. Virus-induced monocyte differentiation into DCs does not require cell division, and happens despite the synthesis of virus proteins, suggesting that monocytes thwart the capacity of these highly lytic viruses to hijack host cell biosynthesis pathway. Indeed, virus-induced DC differentiation from monocytes requires infectious virus and viral protein synthesis. Thus, our results demonstrate that monocytes are uniquely susceptible to virus infection among human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with the likely purpose of differentiating into DCs with enhanced capacity to activate innate and acquired anti-virus immunity.
Elasticity-inspired deformers for character articulation (2012)

Current approaches to skeletally-controlled character articulation range from real-time, closed-form skinning methods to offline, physically-based simulation. In this paper, we seek a closed-form skinning method that approximates nonlinear elastic deformations well while remaining very fast. Our contribution is two-fold: (1) we optimize skinning weights for the standard linear and dual quaternion skinning techniques so that the resulting deformations minimize an elastic energy function. We observe that this is not sufficient to match the visual quality of the original elastic deformations and therefore, we develop (2) a new skinning method based on the concept of joint-based deformers . We propose a specific deformer which is visually similar to nonlinear variational deformation methods. Our final algorithm is fully automatic and requires little or no input from the user other than a rest-pose mesh and a skeleton. The runtime complexity requires minimal memory and computational overheads compared to linear blend skinning, while producing higher quality deformations than both linear and dual quaternion skinning.
Solution Processable Holey Graphene Oxide and Its Derived Macrostructures for High-Performance Supercapacitors (2015)

Scalable preparation of solution processable graphene and its bulk materials with high specific surface areas and designed porosities is essential for many practical applications. Herein, we report a scalable approach to produce aqueous dispersions of holey graphene oxide with abundant in-plane nanopores via a convenient mild defect-etching reaction and demonstrate that the holey graphene oxide can function as a versatile building block for the assembly of macrostructures including holey graphene hydrogels with a three-dimensional hierarchical porosity and holey graphene papers with a compact but porous layered structure. These holey graphene macrostructures exhibit significantly improved specific surface area and ion diffusion rate compared to the nonholey counterparts and can be directly used as binder-free supercapacitor electrodes with ultrahigh specific capacitances of 283 F/g and 234 F/cm(3), excellent rate capabilities, and superior cycling stabilities. Our study defines a scalable pathway to solution processable holey graphene materials and will greatly impact the applications of graphene in diverse technological areas.
THz biosensing devices: fundamentals and technology (2006)

Future success of biological THz technology applications will strongly depend on the development of compact, low-cost and flexible systems. In this work different approaches for THz biosensor systems based on femtosecond lasers are presented. We discuss the technology for generation, transmission and detection of THz signals as well as their application for marker-free biomolecule detection on functionalized surfaces in dry and fluid environments.
Immunological relationships among proteins making up the Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystalline toxin (1986)

The immunological relationships among the proteins of the mosquito larvicidal toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis have been investigated by using polyclonal antisera specific for the 28-, 70-, and 135-kilodalton proteins. Each of these proteins was immunologically distinct. There was no cross-reaction among the three proteins and the two non-homologous antisera. Treatment of toxin proteins with larval gut enzymes for 20 h identified protease-resistant domains at approximately 65, 38, and 22 kilodaltons. Similar domains were generated by treatment with trypsin and chymotrypsin. Our immunological and kinetic data indicate that the 28-kilodalton protein is degraded successively to protein bands at 26, 25, 23, and 22 kilodaltons, the 70-kilodalton protein is degraded to a protein at 38 kilodaltons, and the 135-kilodalton protein is degraded successively to protein bands at 94, 72, and, probably, 65 kilodaltons. Solubilized toxin possesses two biological activities, larvicidal and general cytolytic (hemolytic). We used nondenaturing gel electrophoresis to show that the hemolytic activity resides in the 28-kilodalton protein. However, higher-molecular-weight proteins are required to achieve the level of toxicity observed in intact toxin.
Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Fe<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>Ni<SUB>1−<I>x</I></SUB> Alloy Nanoplatelets (2005)

Plate-like nanoparticles (or nanoplatelets) of Fe(x)Ni(1-x) (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) alloy were successfully synthesized through a simple sonochemical method. The shapes of the alloy nanoplatelets with different Fe atom contents are almost same. Their average diameters are about 50 nm, and their average thicknesses are several nanometers. The obtained Fe(x)Ni(1-x) alloy nanoplatelets are single-phased and have a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. The lattice constants of the alloy nanoplatelets are larger than the corresponding bulk value and increase with increasing Fe content. The surface oxidation of the alloy nanoplatelets leads to the lattice expansion. The alloy nanoplatelet powders are all ferromagnetic, and their saturation magnetizations are slightly lower than the corresponding bulk value. The saturation magnetic field and the coercivity increase with increasing Fe content. Magnetic hysteresis loops along the directions deviating different angles from the nanoplatelets plane are obviously different, indicating that the easy-axis is in the in-plane direction and the magnetization reversal is incoherent mode. The micromagnetic simulation results for the array composed of thirty-six Fe0.6Ni0.4 alloy nanoplatelets fit well with the measured data.
Mesothelin Overexpression Is a Marker of Tumor Aggressiveness and Is Associated with Reduced Recurrence-Free and Overall Survival in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma (2013)

MSLN expression in patients with early-stage lung ADC is associated with increased risk of recurrence and reduced OS, indicating that MSLN expression is a molecular marker of tumor aggressiveness and a potential target for therapy.
A 300-MHz 25-/spl mu/A/Mb-leakage on-chip SRAM module featuring process-variation immunity and low-leakage-active mode for mobile-phone application processor (2005)

An on-chip 1-Mb SRAM suitable for embedding in the application processor used in mobile cellular phones was developed. This SRAM supports three operating modes - high-speed active mode, low-leakage low-speed active mode, and standby mode - and uses a subdivisional power-line control (SPC) scheme. The combination of three operating modes and the SPC scheme realizes low-power operation under actual usage conditions. It operates at 300 MHz, with leakage of 25 /spl mu/A/Mb in standby mode, and 50 /spl mu/A/Mb at the low-leakage active mode. This SRAM also uses a self-bias write scheme that decreases of minimum operating voltage by about 100 mV.
Thrombospondin-1 is a novel negative regulator of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy through transforming growth factor-beta1 activation in mice (2011)

We have identified TSP-1 as an inhibitory element in regulating liver regeneration by TGF-β1 activation. Our work defines TSP-1 as a novel immediate early gene that could be a potential therapeutic target to accelerate liver regeneration.
Comparison of the renal, cardiovascular and hepatic toxicity data of original intravenous iron compounds (2010)

These findings indicate that FG and HMW/LMW iron dextran have less favourable safety profiles than FCM and ISC in normal rats.
Inhibition of Endosome Fusion by Wortmannin Persists in the Presence of Activated rab5 (1998)

Rab5-dependent endosome fusion is sensitive to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin. It has been proposed that phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity may be required for activation of rab5 by influencing its nucleotide cycle such as to promote its active GTP state. In this report we demonstrate that endosome fusion remains sensitive to wortmannin despite preloading of endosomes with stimulatory levels of a GTPase-defective mutant rab5(Q79L) or of a xanthosine triphosphate-binding mutant, rab5(D136N), in the presence of the nonhydrolysable analogue XTPgammaS. These results suggest that activation of rab5 cannot be the principal function of the wortmannin-sensitive factor on the endosome fusion pathway. This result is extrapolated to all GTPases by demonstrating that endosome fusion remains wortmannin sensitive despite prior incubation with the nonhydrolysable nucleotide analogue GTPgammaS. Consistent with these results, direct measurement of clathrin-coated vesicle-stimulated nucleotide dissociation from exogenous rab5 was insensitive to the presence of wortmannin. A large excess of rab5(Q79L), beyond levels required for maximal stimulation of the fusion assay, afforded protection against wortmannin inhibition, and partial protection was also observed with an excess of wild-type rab5 independent of GTPgammaS.
Three human rotavirus serotypes demonstrated by plaque neutralization of isolated strains (1982)

Human rotaviruses were isolated directly from stool specimens of gastroenteritis patients in MA-104 cells in the presence of trypsin. For the plaque assay of the isolated strains, the optimal composition of overlay medium was determined. The antigenicity of the isolated strains was investigated by a plaque neutralization method, using antisera prepared against six strains having different electropherotypes of viral RNA, and three different neutralization serotypes were demonstrated.
High affinity, thyroid-specific human autoantibodies displayed on the surface of filamentous phage use V genes similar to other autoantibodies. (1993)

Autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) are characteristic of thyroid inflammation in autoimmune thyroid disease. We have used the phage display, H and L chain combinatorial cDNA library approach to clone, from thyroid-infiltrating B cells, six new human Fab autoantibodies with high affinities (approximately 10(-10) M) for TPO. This library, in the pComb3 vector, was screened with viable, stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human TPO on their surface. The H and L chain genes in the six TPO-specific Fab were similar, but not identical, to those encoding Fab previously isolated from the same library by screening bacteriophage plaques in the Immunozap vector with purified TPO. The TPO-specific VK genes isolated with the phage display system are closer to germline than those obtained with Immunozap. Essentially all the V kappa isolated with pComb3 were 99 or 100% homologous with the germ-line genes KL012 and A3 that also code for low affinity systemic autoantibodies. There are two important implications of the study. First, the phage display system can be used with impure Ag to generate high affinity autoantibodies. This finding opens the way to cloning autoantibodies against other autoantigens, not previously possible with the bacteriophage lambda approach because of the lack of purified Ag. Second, germ-line L chain genes can code for very high affinity antibodies.
Efficacy of Estradiol for the Treatment of Depressive Disorders in Perimenopausal Women (2001)

Transdermal estradiol replacement is an effective treatment of depression for perimenopausal women.
Predicting Packing Characteristics of Particles of Arbitrary Shapes (2004)

A computer model for particle packing is of importance in both theories and applications. By taking a very different approach from existing packing algorithms, our digital packing algorithm – called DigiPac – is able to avoid many of the difficulties normally encountered by the conventional algorithms in dealing with non-spherical particles. Using the digital approach, it is easy to pack particles of arbitrary shapes and sizes into a container of any geometry. This paper briefly describes the digital packing algorithm, but the focus is on validation of the DigiPac model through several case studies involving mono-sized non-spherical particles and also powders with different size distributions. Packing densities from DigiPac simulations are compared with those measured experimentally by ourselves in some cases and in others with data published in the literature using other models. The results show a good agreement in all the cases, which enhances our confidence in DigiPac that despite being a geometrical packing algorithm with no explicit consideration of particle interactions, it is able to predict quite accurately the packing structure of particulates whose shapes are commonly encountered in both industry and everyday life.