gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbonic Anhydrase and Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors:  Sulfonylated Amino Acid Hydroxamates with MMP Inhibitory Properties Act as Efficient Inhibitors of CA Isozymes I, II, and IV, and N-Hydroxysulfonamides Inhibit Both These Zinc Enzymes (2000)

The 14 different carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes as well as the 23 different matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) isolated up to now in higher vertebrates play important physiological functions in these organisms. Unsubstituted sulfonamides act as high-affinity inhibitors for the first type of these enzymes, whereas hydroxamates strongly inhibit the latter ones. Since the active site geometry around the zinc ion in these two types of metalloenzymes is rather similar, we tested whether sulfonylated amino acid hydroxamates of the type RSO(2)NX-AA-CONHOH (X = H, benzyl, substituted benzyl; AA = amino acid moiety, such as Gly, Ala, Val, Leu) with well-known inhibitory properties against MMPs and Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (ChC, another zinc enzyme related to the MMPs) might also act as CA inhibitors. We also investigated whether N-hydroxysulfonamides of the type RSO(2)NHOH (which are effective CA inhibitors) inhibit MMPs and ChC. Here we report several potent sulfonylated amino acid hydroxamate CA inhibitors (with inhibition constants in the range of 5-40 nM, against the human isozymes hCA I and hCA II, and 10-50 nM, against the bovine isozyme bCA IV), as well as preliminary SAR for this new class of non-sulfonamide CA inhibitors. Some N-hydroxysulfonamides also showed inhibitory properties (in the micromolar range) against MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, and ChC. Thus, the SO(2)NHOH group is a new zinc-binding function for the design of MMP inhibitors. Both CA as well as MMPs are involved, among others, in carcinogenesis and tumor invasion processes. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that the mechanism of antitumor action with some hydroxamate inhibitors might also involve inhibition of some CA isozymes (such as CA IX, CA XII, and CA XIV) present only in tumor cell membranes, in addition to collagenases/gelatinases of the MMP type. Our data also suggest that it should be possible to develop dual enzyme inhibitors that would strongly inhibit both these metalloenzymes, CAs and MMPs, based on the nature of the R, AA, and X moieties in the above formula. Compact X (such as H) and AA (such as Gly) moieties favor CA over MMP inhibition, whereas bulkier X (benzyl, substituted benzyl, etc.) and AA (such as Val, Leu) moieties and substituted-aryl R groups are advantageous for obtaining potent MMP and ChC inhibitors, which show lower affinity for CA.
Vector for Pop-In/Pop-Out Gene Replacement in Pichia pastoris (2001)

Gene replacement in yeast is often accomplished by using a counterselectable marker such as URA3. Although ura3 strains of Pichia pastoris have been generated, these strains are inconvenient to work with because they grow slowly, even in the presence of uracil. To overcome this limitation, we have developed an alternative counterselectable marker that can be used in any P. pastoris strain. This marker is the T-urf13 gene from the mitochondrial genome of male-sterile maize. Previous work showed that expression of a mitochondrially targeted form of T-urf13 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae rendered the cells sensitive to the insecticide methomyl, and similar results have now been obtained with P. pastoris. We have incorporated T-urf13 into a vector that also contains an ARG4 marker for positive selection. The resulting plasmid allows for pop-in/pop-out gene replacement in P. pastoris.
Balancing control of mobile manipulator with sliding mode controller (2015)

This paper proposes an attitude control system to keep the balance of a two-wheeled mobile manipulator which consists of a mobile platform and a three D.O.F. manipulator. In the conventional control scheme, complicated dynamics is utilized for balancing control of a mobile manipulator. In this paper, however, three links are considered as one body and the dynamics is derived easily by using inverted pendulum model. Sliding mode controller is characterized as low sensitivity to plant parameter uncertainties and disturbances and non-necessity of an explicit model of the system. Therefore, it is adopted in this research for the attitude control of mobile platform with respect to the pitch axis. The center of gravity for the whole mobile manipulator is changing along with the motion of the manipulator. And the orientation variation of center of gravity is used as reference input for the sliding mode controller to maintain the center of gravity in the middle of robot so that the whole system can keep balance. To confirm the performance of the controller proposed in this paper, MATLAB Simulink has been used and an experiment is carried out to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed attitude control.
Elective coronary angioplasty with and without surgical standby: clinical and angiographic criteria for the selection of patients. (1995)

For many PTCA candidates, emergency coronary surgery is not an option in case of occlusive complications. Our data suggest that PTCA can be performed with minor complications in these patients in the absence of surgical standby, provided strict criteria are used in the selection of cases.
Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications: Recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network* and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group† (2014)

The recommended evidence-based new DC/TMD protocol is appropriate for use in both clinical and research settings. More comprehensive instruments augment short and simple screening instruments for Axis I and Axis II. These validated instruments allow for identification of patients with a range of simple to complex TMD presentations.
The Role and Mechanism ofα-Klotho in the Calcification of Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2015)

Klotho can ameliorate the calcification and osteogenic transition of VSMCs induced by β-GP. The mechanism of Klotho in preventing calcification in VSMCs may be partially mediated by the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Video Tracking System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (2012)

ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California
Stanniocalcin-1 suppresses superoxide generation in macrophages through induction of mitochondrial UCP2 (2009)

Mammalian STC1 decreases the mobility of macrophages and diminishes their response to chemokines. In the current experiments, we sought to determine the impact of STC1 on energy metabolism and superoxide generation in mouse macrophages. STC1 decreases ATP level in macrophages but does not affect the activity of respiratory chain complexes I-IV. STC1 induces the expression of mitochondrial UCP2, diminishing mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide generation; studies in UCP2 null and gp91phox null macrophages suggest that suppression of superoxide by STC1 is UCP2-dependent yet is gp91phox-independent. Furthermore, STC1 blunts the effects of LPS on superoxide generation in macrophages. Exogenous STC1 is internalized by macrophages within 10 min and localizes to the mitochondria, suggesting a role for circulating and/or tissue-derived STC1 in regulating macrophage function. STC1 induces arrest of the cell cycle at the G1 phase and reduces cell necrosis and apoptosis in serum-starved macrophages. Our data identify STC1 as a key regulator of superoxide generation in macrophages and suggest that STC1 may profoundly affect the immune/inflammatory response.
A unified coding method of dithered image and text data using micropatterns (1989)

Abstract This paper introduces a unified coding algorithm for dithered image and text data. When a gray scale image is represented by binary pseudo‐half‐tone, various binary patterns representing the same gray scale are generated based on the degree of freedom in the dither matrix. Then one of the binary patterns is selected to represent the corresponding text data. The proposed algorithm permits approximately 70k bytes of text data to be embedded into a 256 × 256‐pixel image. It enables the transmission and handling of the mixture of image and text data without processing the two types of data separately.
Gabapentin for the Treatment of Tinnitus: A Case Report (2001)

The objective of this article is to discuss the clinically effective use of gabapentin in patients with tinnitus. The author describes the case of a man who came to the office complaining of tinnitus of 10 months' duration. The patient was started on gabapentin and maintained on a regimen of 500 mg/day in divided doses. Subsequently, he reported that he was free of tinnitus approximately 23 days a month and that he experienced a 75% decrease in symptoms during the remaining days. At 2 years' follow-up, he remains noise- and pain-free on 500 mg/day of gabapentin.
Commissurally projecting inhibitory interneurons of the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus: A colocalization study of neuronal markers and the retrograde tracer fluoro‐gold (2001)

Improved methods for detecting neuronal markers and the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG) were used to identify commissurally projecting neurons of the rat hippocampus. In addition to the dentate hilar mossy cells and CA3 pyramidal cells shown previously to transport retrograde tracers after injection into the dorsal hippocampus, FG-positive interneurons of the dentate granule cell layer and hilus were detected in numbers greater than previously reported. FG labeling of interneurons was variable among animals, but was as high as 96% of hilar somatostatin-positive interneurons, 84% of parvalbumin-positive cells of the granule cell layer and hilus combined, and 33% of hilar calretinin-positive cells. By comparison, interneurons of the dentate molecular layer and all hippocampal subregions were conspicuously FG-negative. Whereas hilar mossy cells and CA3 pyramidal cells were FG-labeled throughout the longitudinal axis, FG-positive interneurons exhibited a relatively homotopic distribution. "Control" injections of FG into the neocortex, septum, and ventral hippocampus demonstrated that the homotopic labeling of dentate interneurons was injection site-specific, and that the CA1-CA3 interneurons unlabeled by contralateral hippocampal FG injection were nonetheless able to transport FG from the septum. These data suggest a hippocampal organizing principle according to which virtually all commissurally projecting hippocampal neurons share the property of being monosynaptic targets of dentate granule cells. Because granule cells innervate their exclusively ipsilateral target cells in a highly lamellar pattern, these results suggest that focal granule cell excitation may result in commissural inhibition of the corresponding "twin" granule cell lamella, thereby lateralizing and amplifying the influence of the initiating discharge.
Thalidomide in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum (1970)

Forty‐four trials of thalidomide or an identical placebo have been conducted in 22 patients with active lepromatous leprosy and chronic erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reactions. Thalidomide is significantly superior to placebo in completely alleviating the two principal signs of ENL, fever and skin lesions. Selected serial laboratory determinations during the study demonstrate an acute anemia occurring in and immediately after EN L and an acute rise in circulating leukocytes with a shift to the left in the differential count. There is an acute increase in both direct and indirect serum bilirubin associated with ENL and a fall in total serum cholesterol. The suggestion is made that ENL has some characteristics of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Despite its teratogenic effect, thalidomide is less toxic than corticosteroids and therefore seems to represent a major advance in the management of ENL. Its mechanism of action in ENL is unknown.
Effect of lactobacilli and carbon dioxide on the growth of Microbacterium thermosphactum on fresh beef (1975)

Studies with articifially inoculated fresh beef showed that lactobacilli markedlyrestrict the growth of Microbacterium thermosphactum when the beef is vacuum-packaged. High concentrations of carbon dioxide (up to 75%) had little effect on the growthof M. thermosphactum under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Tests were madewith samples of lean beef inoculated with pure cultures of lactobacilli and (or) M. thermosphactum and stored unpackaged in air, in air enriched with carbon dioxide, in nitrogen-carbon dioxide mixtures, or vacuum-packaged as in commercial practice. On vacuum-packaged meat, growth of M. thermosphactum was extensive in the absence of lactorbacilli, but was restricted in the presence of lactobacilli. On unpackaged meat (i.e.stored in air) this inhibition did not occur, showing that anaerobic conditions are necessary for it to take place. These results show the import ance of lactobacilli on the storage life of vacuum-packaged fresh beef.
Micrometer resolution silane-based patterning of hippocampal neurons: critical variables in photoresist and laser ablation processes for substrate fabrication (1996)

Toward the goal of creating patterns of primary hippocampal neurons in low density culture, we investigated techniques to fabricate microminiature grids of organofunctional silanes on glassy surfaces. A new photoresist (PR) process, Selective Silane Removal (SSR), was developed and compared to two previously developed techniques which use PR and laser patterning. The grid patterns consisted of 27 combinations of path width, length, and intersection (node diameter). The background consisted of squares bounded by the paths. The best neuron patterning was observed on substrates produced by the SSR process where cytophilic aminosilane is uniformly deposited and selectively removed from the background. Controlling water during aminosilane deposition was critical to good neuronal growth and patterning. Oxygen plasma etching of background regions prior to cytophobic phenylsilane binding significantly reduced off-pattern cell growth. Up to 90% of somata grown on these substrates complied to the pattern, and an average of 77% of background regions were free of neurites or cells connected to the pattern. The highest laser energy density, 120 mJ/cm2, produced the best compliance on lased substrates, with an average of 35% of background regions free of connected cells and neurites, but considerable variation across the surface. On substrates with excellent patterning, compliance to nodes was found to be dependent on pattern dimensions, with 20-micron node diameters and 80-micron internodal path lengths increasing compliance.
Human Fc gamma RIII: cloning, expression, and identification of the chromosomal locus of two Fc receptors for IgG. (1989)

A cDNA clone encoding a human receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (Fc gamma R), Fc gamma RIII or CD16, was isolated from a human leukocyte library by a transient expression-immunoselection procedure. This cDNA (pGP5) encodes a 46-kDa phosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface protein with CD16 determinants and affinity for human IgG. The deduced protein sequence is most homologous to the murine receptor Fc gamma RII alpha, with slightly less homology to the human receptors Fc gamma RII and Fc epsilon RI. The cDNA hybridizes to a 2.2 kilobase mRNA in human leukocytes and a cloned human natural killer cell line. Fc gamma RIII is mapped to chromosome 1 by spot-blot analysis of sorted human chromosomes. Hybridization of Fc gamma RII and Fc gamma RIII probes to restriction digests of human genomic DNA separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrates physical linkage of the two genes within a maximum distance of 200 kilobases. The results identify a locus for at least two Fc gamma R genes on human chromosome 1.
Spanish versión of the Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS): A Reliability and Validity study in a simple of Spanish Elderly People (2018)

The psychometric properties of the Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS) were analyzed in a sample of 216 Spanish elderly people with an average age of 73.89 (SD = 6.49). An exploratory factor analysis and confirm­atory factor analysis were developed in order to identify the factorial solution and the best model fit. Just on factor was identified. Regarding reliability and validity, internal consistency index was .757 and the correlation between the Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS) and measures of others construct, General Health Question­naire (GHQ) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) (CESD), were significance. The practical implications of the scale and the index values obtained are discussed.
Comparative Morphology of Gag Protein Structures Produced by Mutants of the gag Gene of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1994)

Six mutants that differ in the extent of their carboxyterminal sequences and two deletion mutants of the gag gene of HIV-1 have been characterized morphologically following their expression in Spodoptera frugiperda cells using recombinant baculoviruses. Electron microscopy has revealed distinct morphological forms of the Gag protein that can be classified as either (i) particulate, three-dimensional, spherical or tubular shells or (ii) non-particulate, two-dimensional, flat, curved or convoluted sheets. Progressive truncation of the carboxy terminus of Gag was accompanied by changes in the morphology and formation of spherical particles from predominantly C-type assembly and budding at the plasma membrane, through B-type intracytoplasmic assembly, to A-type assembly with budding mainly into cytoplasmic vacuoles. Deletions within the Pr24 CA domain of Gag abolished particle formation but retained association of the protein with the plasma membrane. All of the observed morphologies of the mutant Gag proteins could be accommodated within an icosahedral model for the organization of spherical particles and a basic hexagonal arrangement of assembled Gag protein monomers.
A Blue Fluorescent Antibody−Cofactor Sensor for Mercury (2005)

[reaction: see text] A chemically programmed antibody sensor, consisting of a stilbenyl boronic acid cofactor and monoclonal antibody EP2-19G2, provides a new method of mercury detection. The fluorescent antibody sensor generates an intense powder blue fluorescence when bound to the stilbenyl boronic acid cofactor; however, it is quenched in the presence of Hg(2+) ions. The EP2-19G2-cofactor biosensor provides micromolar sensitivity and selectivity toward Hg(2+) ions over a wide range of metal ions in aqueous solution.
Inhibition of LpxC Protects Mice from Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii by Modulating Inflammation and Enhancing Phagocytosis (2012)

Novel treatments are needed for infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, a Gram-negative bacterium that is extremely antibiotic resistant. The current study was undertaken to understand the immunopathogenesis of these infections, as a basis for defining novel treatments. The primary strain characteristic that differentiated virulent from less-virulent strains was shedding of Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during growth. A novel class of antibiotics, called LpxC inhibitors, block LPS synthesis, but these drugs do not demonstrate the ability to kill A. baumannii in vitro. We found that an LpxC inhibitor blocked the ability of bacteria to activate the sepsis cascade, enhanced opsonophagocytic killing of the bacteria, and protected mice from lethal infection. Thus, an entire new class of antibiotics which is already in development has heretofore-unrecognized potential to treat A. baumannii infections. Furthermore, standard antibiotic screens based on in vitro killing failed to detect this treatment potential of LpxC inhibitors for A. baumannii infections.
Primary Amphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptides:  Structural Requirements and Interactions with Model Membranes (2004)

To identify rules for the design of efficient cell-penetrating peptides that deliver therapeutic agents into subcellular compartments, we compared the properties of two closely related primary amphipathic peptides that mainly differ by their conformational state. On the basis of a peptide Pbeta that is nonstructured in water and that promotes efficient cellular uptake of nucleic acids through noncovalent association, we have designed a peptide [Palpha] that is predicted to adopt a helical conformation. We show that [Pbeta] undergoes a lipid-induced conformational transition into a sheet structure, while [Palpha] remains helical. Penetration experiments show that both peptides can spontaneously insert into phospholipid membranes. Analysis of compression isotherms indicates that both peptides interact with phospholipids in the liquid expanded and liquid condensed states. AFM observations reveal that the peptides strongly disrupt the lipid organization of the monolayers and that the conformational state can influence the uptake by model membranes.
The hepatitis B virus-associated reverse transcriptase is encoded by the viral pol gene (1989)

We have used activity gel analysis and immunoblotting to provide evidence linking the hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase with its longest unassigned open reading frame (polymerase [Pol]-ORF). Activity gel analysis demonstrated that infectious HBV particles secreted by the Hep 2.2.15 cell line contain major (approximately 70 kilodaltons [kDa]) and minor (approximately 90 kDa) reverse transcriptase activities. By Western immunoblotting, we detected in both HBV particles and Hep 2.2.15 cell extract a approximately 70-kDa Pol-specific peptide. This approximately 70-kDa peptide reacted with antisera directed against the carboxy terminus of the pol gene product. No such immunoreactivity was observed with antisera against the amino terminus of the Pol peptide. The reverse transcriptase protein which was eluted from the major approximately 70-kDa region detected on an activity gel reacted with Pol-specific antisera. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase activity was immunoprecipitated from dissociated HBV particles by using Pol-specific antisera. On the basis of our results, we suggest that HBV encodes its reverse transcriptase from the Pol-ORF.
Exploring the Impact of Emotions on Internet Users' Perceived Privacy (2006)

The study of information privacy in e-commerce is still in its infancy. Current studies have mainly focused on consumers’ general concern for privacy. They have largely ignored situational factors (such as emotions, website design, etc) and the potential influence of situational factors in shaping Internet users’ perception about the level of privacy (or privacy belief) ensured by online vendors. This study draws on cognitive congruency theory to explore the impact of emotions on Internet users’ privacy beliefs. It finds that, for an unfamiliar website, a holistic shopping experience triggers various emotions. These emotions (likings and frustration) then act as the primary determinants of privacy belief. Privacy concern is a less important factor in shaping privacy beliefs. Trust belief and privacy belief then serve as primary antecedents of intention to give out personal information. Therefore, in the future, privacy researchers should devote more efforts to studying privacy belief and the impact of situational factors.