gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Sildenafil Citrate in Women with Sexual Dysfunction Associated with Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (2002)

Any genital physiological effect of sildenafil was not perceived as improving the sexual response in estrogenized or estrogen-deficient women with a broad spectrum of sexual dysfunction that included FSAD. Whether more specific subgroups of women with FSAD could potentially benefit from treatment with sildenafil is an area for future research.
Enzyme kinetics: a modern approach (2003)

Preface. Tools and Techniques of Kinetic Analysis. How do Enzymes Work? Characterization of Enzyme Activity. Reversible Enzyme Inhibition. Irreversible Enzyme Inhibition. pH Dependence of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions. Two-Substrate Reactions. Multisite and Cooperative Enzymes. Immobilized Enzymes. Interfacial Enzymes. Transient Phases of Enzymatic Reactions. Characterization of Enzyme Stability. Mechanism-Based Inhibition (Leslie J. Copp). Putting Kinetic Principles into Practice (Kirk L. Parkin). Use of Enzyme Kinetic Data in the Study of Structure-Function Relationships of Proteins (Takuji Tanaka and Rickey Y. Yada). Bibliography. Index.
Evaluation of continuous infusion of 0.5% bupivacaine by elastomeric pump for postoperative pain management after open inguinal hernia repair (2005)

Demonstrable benefits include reduction of narcotic usage and pain with no apparent increase in the risk of infection or complication. Continuous infusion of 0.5% bupivacaine at 2 mL/h through the ONQ pump is a safe and effective adjunct in postoperative pain management for open inguinal hernia repair. This represents a viable and possibly superior option for prolonged pain management, minimizing use of narcotics in patients undergoing this procedure.
Expression and Regulation of Transcription Factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 in Developing Mouse Testis (1999)

Previous studies have shown that transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 are expressed in granulosa and thecal cells of the mouse ovary and that GATA-4 expression in ovarian tissue is regulated by gonadotropins.Given the emerging role of GATA-4 and GATA-6 in gonadal cells, we have now studied the expression and regulation of these factors in the mouse testis and testicular cell lines.In situ hybridization demonstrated GATA-4 messenger RNA (mRNA) in the fetal testis at 13.5 days postcoitum.Both GATA-4 and GATA-6 transcripts were observed in late fetal, neonatal, juvenile, and adult Sertoli cells.In addition, GATA-4 mRNA was detected in interstitial cells throughout development.Immunohistochemistry demonstrated GATA-4 protein in both Sertoli and Leydig cells in postnatal animals.The regulation of GATA-4 and GATA-6 expression was explored using established testicular cell lines.Treatment of Leydig tumor cell lines with hCG resulted in a modest, but statistically significant, increase in the steady state level of GATA-4 mRNA, comparable to the previously described effect of FSH on GATA-4 expression in Sertoli cell lines.Gonadotropin or androgen action was not, however, a prerequisite for the basal expression of GATA-4 or GATA-6 in the testis, as their presence in Sertoli and Leydig cells was demonstrated in genetically hypogonadal hpg mice, in rats treated with GnRH receptor antagonist, and in Sertoli cells after chemical abolition of Leydig cells.Cotransfection studies using a GATA-4 expression plasmid and an inhibin promoter/reporter gene construct in Leydig and granulosa tumor cell lines revealed that the inhibin promoter harboring essential GATA-binding sites can be trans-activated by GATA-4.In light of these results, we propose that transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 play differing roles in the maturation and function of testicular somatic cells.
Impairment of renal function by stroma-free hemoglobin in rats. (1988)

Hemoglobin infused into rats was excreted mainly by the kidneys. The effects of hemoglobin on renal tubular functions were investigated in this study. During intravenous infusion of 6% stroma-free hemoglobin (SFHB) solution, there was a 30% reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The reduction in GFR was directly related to the urine hemoglobin concentration. The rate of urinary sodium excretion (8.2 mumol/min) was significantly higher than the control rate (2.8 mumol/min), suggesting proximal tubular damage in the presence of intratubular hemoglobin. This was further substantiated by the demonstration of a 10-fold increase in urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity during SFHB infusion. In contrast, dextran-hemoglobin (DXHB) infused into rats was not excreted by the kidneys. During the infusion of 6% stroma-free DXHB solution, there was no significant change in the GFR. Urinary sodium excretion was lower than the control value whereas urinary NAG activity was slightly elevated. The observations suggest that the presence of hemoglobin in the renal tubules gives rise to impairment of tissue function and structure. DXHB, on account of its larger molecular size, does not enter into the renal tubules, and therefore does not cause such impairment.
Ingestion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ovulation in rats (1995)

The effects of different ratios of dietary (n-3):(n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids on prostaglandin E, prostaglandin F2 alpha and ovulation in rats were assessed. Dietary (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids were incorporated, by ovarian phospholipids with ovarian tissue enrichment, with (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids enhancing, and (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids reducing, the number of ova released in immature rats primed with pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin and human chorionic gonadotrophin. Incorporation of (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids appeared to enhance ovulation by altering total prostaglandin E production. This effect may be induced by changes in the prostaglandin E3:E2 ratio and the synthesis of less biologically active prostaglandin E3, or by dilution of the anti-ovulatory properties attributable to prostaglandin E2. High incorporation of dietary (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids may lead to reduced ovulation through excessive production of prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin E or F2 alpha and alterations in tissue phospholipid composition inhibited progesterone release, and inhibition was independent of the series of prostaglandin produced. This study provides evidence that dietary lipids affect ovulation in rats with possible implications for reproduction in other vertebrates.
A study of locking phenomena in oscillators (1973)

Impression of an external signal upon an oscillator of similar fundamental frequency affects both the instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency. Using the assumption that time constants in the oscillator circuit are small compared to the length of one beat cycle, a differential equation is derived which gives the oscillator phase as a function of time. With the aid of this equation, the transient process of "pull-in" as well as the production of a distorted beat note are described in detail. It is shown that the same equation serves to describe the motion of a pendulum suspended in a viscous fluid inside a rotating container. The whole range of locking phenomena is illustrated with the aid of this simple mechanical model.
Continuous queries over data streams (2001)

In many recent applications, data may take the form of continuous data streams, rather than finite stored data sets. Several aspects of data management need to be reconsidered in the presence of data streams, offering a new research direction for the database community. In this paper we focus primarily on the problem of query processing, specifically on how to define and evaluate continuous queries over data streams. We address semantic issues as well as efficiency concerns. Our main contributions are threefold. First, we specify a general and flexible architecture for query processing in the presence of data streams. Second, we use our basic architecture as a tool to clarify alternative semantics and processing techniques for continuous queries. The architecture also captures most previous work on continuous queries and data streams, as well as related concepts such as triggers and materialized views. Finally, we map out research topics in the area of query processing over data streams, showing where previous work is relevant and describing problems yet to be addressed.
迷人的微笑 《赌神1、2》 (2005)

我的朋友中有许多人喜欢看《赌神》。我有一位作家朋友,还有他那当老师的妻子,十多年前就推荐我看这部片子。最近,我听说他又买了一张《赌神1、2》的DVD套装碟,看来他明显地已将这张片子列入收藏之列。我至今仍清晰地记得,他妻子王老师当年看完《赌神》的VCD以后忍不住对我
Study of tau‐fluvalinate persistence in honey (2001)

The persistence of the acaricide tau-fluvalinate with time and the factors that can affect its degradation in honey were investigated. Two honey types of extreme pH values (3.85 and 5.40) were spiked with tau-fluvalinate at two levels (50 and 200 micrograms kg-1) and incubated at 35 degrees C. Samples were analyzed in duplicate at various time intervals for up to 248 days. A simple, rapid and accurate method for the determination of tau-fluvalinate residues in honey is proposed. Tau-fluvalinate extraction and sample cleanup was carried out using C8 SPE cartridges with dichloromethane as the elution solvent. Analysis of samples was accomplished using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). The overall recovery of the method was 90.25 (+/- 0.85)% and the limit of determination 1 microgram kg-1. The results showed that tau-fluvalinate stays stable in honey for more than 8 months, even at 35 degrees C. The effect of higher temperatures, similar to those used for honey packing, on tau-fluvalinate persistence in honey was also studied. Honey samples fortified with 20 and 200 micrograms kg-1 tau-fluvalinate were subjected to heat treatment similar to that in the honey blending and packing process. No degradation of tau-fluvalinate due to the heat treatment was recorded. This long persistence increases the risk of honey contamination due to repeated and/or extended tau-fluvalinate applications.
Cell receptors for the mammalian reovirus. II. Monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody blocks viral binding to cells. (1983)

A monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody directed against an idiotypic determinant on a monoclonal anti-reovirus type 3 hemagglutinin antibody with viral neutralization activity is capable of binding to the surface of lymphoid cells (BW5147, R.1.1, and R1.E) and of inhibiting viral binding to cell surface receptors. The inhibition of viral binding was specific for the anti-idiotype antibody; viral binding was not inhibited by antibodies bound to the H-2k and Thy-1.2 antigens on the surface. Viral binding to idiotype-negative cells (P-815, EL-4) was not inhibited by the anti-idiotypic antibody, although these cells are susceptible to type 3 reovirus infection. These data suggest that there are at least two structural classes of type 3 reovirus receptors on murine cells. It is probable that anti-idiotypic antibodies of this type will be useful in studying the structure and regulation of viral receptors on cell surfaces and for the purification of these receptors, and may provide a way to block viral infection.
A review of methods for automated recognition of casting defects (2002)

Radioscopy is increasingly being used as a tool for nondestructive testing in industrial production. An example is the serial examination of cast light-alloy workpieces used in the car industry, such as aluminium wheels and steering gears. The material defects occurring in the casting process such as cavity, gas, inclusion, and sponge must be detected to satisfy the security requirements; consequently, it is necessary to check 100% of the parts. Since most defects are not visible, X-ray imaging is used for this task. In this paper we present a review of the existing approaches of automated flaw detection in aluminium castings.
Sequential actions of glucose oxidase and peroxidase in molecular films assembled by layer-by-layer alternate adsorption (1996)

Molecular films of protein/polyion layers were assembled by means of alternate adsorption through electrostatic interaction. Glucose oxidase (GOD) and peroxidase (POD) were assembled in combination with sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), respectively. Enzyme activities of those films on specific substrates (glucose and H(2)O(2)) were examined by coloring reaction of dye DA67. A multienzyme film containing GOD layer and POD layer was prepared by alternate adsorption of POD/PSS followed by PEI/GOD. Sequential redox reaction of glucose/H(2)O(2)/DA67 was demonstrated successfully with this supramolecular system.
Development of a Second-Generation Antiandrogen for Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer (2009)

Metastatic prostate cancer is treated with drugs that antagonize androgen action, but most patients progress to a more aggressive form of the disease called castration-resistant prostate cancer, driven by elevated expression of the androgen receptor. Here we characterize the diarylthiohydantoins RD162 and MDV3100, two compounds optimized from a screen for nonsteroidal antiandrogens that retain activity in the setting of increased androgen receptor expression. Both compounds bind to the androgen receptor with greater relative affinity than the clinically used antiandrogen bicalutamide, reduce the efficiency of its nuclear translocation, and impair both DNA binding to androgen response elements and recruitment of coactivators. RD162 and MDV3100 are orally available and induce tumor regression in mouse models of castration-resistant human prostate cancer. Of the first 30 patients treated with MDV3100 in a Phase I/II clinical trial, 13 of 30 (43%) showed sustained declines (by >50%) in serum concentrations of prostate-specific antigen, a biomarker of prostate cancer. These compounds thus appear to be promising candidates for treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Potassium Hydride in Paraffin:  A Useful Base for Organic Synthesis (2006)

The preparation of potassium hydride as a 1:1 homogenate with paraffin, termed KH(P), is reported. KH(P), a solid at room temperature, is stable without special handling. On suspension in THF with a phosphonium salt, KH(P) rapidly generates the ylide. Wittig condensation with aromatic, aliphatic, and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes proceeds with high Z selectivity. KH(P) should be a generally useful base for organic synthesis.
Nonimmunogenic tumor cells may efficiently restimulate tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (1993)

Induction of immunity to a viral protein that had been transfected into a tumor cell line was studied. The nucleoprotein (NP) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was used as a model tumor-associated Ag after transfection into EL-4, and H-2b thymoma originating from C57BL/6 mice. The NP-transfected cell line (EL-4NP) was lysed by NP-specific CTL and was found to restimulate NP-specific CTL in vitro as efficiently as did VSV-infected macrophages. Despite both of these in vitro characteristics, C57BL/6 mice inoculated with EL-4NP did not mount a measurable NP-specific CTL response and developed a lethal tumor as rapidly as did mice given control EL-4. This lack of immunogenicity could not be explained by down-regulation of MHC class I molecules or by loss of NP; even EL-4NP cells metastasizing to the spleen kept their high restimulatory capacity and excellent target characteristics. However, once mice were immunized with VSV or with a vaccinia-VSV-NP recombinant virus they were protected against tumor growth of EL-4NP by CD8+ CTL but not by CD4+ T cells. Taken together, the failure of the tumor-associated Ag to induce a protective T cell response in vivo despite its excellent capacity to restimulate CTL in vitro may encourage adjuvant immunotherapy in cancer; even the effects of weakly immunizing tumor vaccines, e.g., recombinant viruses, may be efficiently amplified by tumor cells.
Targeted disruption ofTraf5gene causes defects in CD40- and CD27-mediated lymphocyte activation (1999)

TRAF5 [tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 5] is implicated in NF-kappaB and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase activation by members of the TNF receptor superfamily, including CD27, CD30, CD40, and lymphotoxin-beta receptor. To investigate the functional role of TRAF5 in vivo, we generated TRAF5-deficient mice by gene targeting. Activation of either NF-kappaB or c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase by tumor necrosis factor, CD27, and CD40 was not abrogated in traf5(-/-) mice. However, traf5(-/-) B cells showed defects in proliferation and up-regulation of various surface molecules, including CD23, CD54, CD80, CD86, and Fas in response to CD40 stimulation. Moreover, in vitro Ig production of traf5(-/-) B cells stimulated with anti-CD40 plus IL-4 was reduced substantially. CD27-mediated costimulatory signal also was impaired in traf5(-/-) T cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that TRAF5 is involved in CD40- and CD27-mediated signaling.
Laminin binding to Prevotella intermedia (1992)

The interaction of laminin (Lm), a basement membrane protein abundant in the periodontium, with 66 strains of Prevotella intermedia isolated from diseased pockets, was tested in a 125I-labeled protein binding assay. The mean binding value was 28% of the total protein added. The binding significantly increased to 35% when the environmental pH decreased from 7 to 6. The Lm interaction was characterized in a highly binding (about 65%) strain, OMGS105. The binding was rapid and required about 1 min and 1-2 h for 50% and 100% equilibrium respectively. The 125I-Lm binding was maximum in the pH interval 3.0 to 6.5 and could not be displaced by unlabeled Lm or inhibited by other proteins and carbohydrates. The interaction was stable in the presence of NaCl or urea (concentrations up to 4 M) but was dissociated by > or = 1 M KSCN. The Lm-binding component was thermolabile and sensitive to proteolytic enzymes. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis revealed a approximately 62 kDa Lm-binding protein, both in the whole cell extract and the outer membrane preparation. Weaker binding was also observed to other proteins. These data establish the ability of P. intermedia to interact with Lm via certain cell surface proteins, a property that might contribute to the colonization of this bacterium in the periodontal pocket.
Probing the Requirements for Recognition and Catalysis in Fpg and MutY with Nonpolar Adenine Isosteres (2003)

The Escherichia coli DNA repair enzymes Fpg and MutY are involved in the prevention of mutations resulting from 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (OG) in DNA. The nonpolar isosteres of 2'-deoxyadenosine, 4-methylbenzimidazole beta-deoxynucleoside (B), and 9-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine beta-deoxynucleoside (Q), were used to examine the importance of hydrogen bonding within the context of DNA repair. Specifically, the rate of base removal under single-turnover conditions by the MutY and Fpg glycosylases from duplexes containing OG:B and OG:Q mismatches, relative to OG:A mismatches, was evalulated. The reaction of Fpg revealed a 5- and 10-fold increase in rate of removal of OG from duplexes containing OG:B and OG:Q base pairs, respectively, relative to an OG:A mispair. These results suggest that the lack of the ability to hydrogen bond to the opposite base facilitates removal of OG. In contrast, adenine removal catalyzed by MutY was much more efficient from an OG:A mispair-containing duplex (k2 = 12 +/- 2 min(-1)) compared to the removal of B from an OG:B duplex (k(obs) < 0.002 min(-1)). Surprisingly, MutY was able to catalyze base removal from the OG:Q-containing substrate (k2 = 1.2 +/- 0.2 min(-1)). Importantly, the B and Q analogues are not deleterious to high-affinity DNA binding by MutY. In addition, the B and Q analogues are more susceptible to acid-catalyzed depurination illustrating that the enzyme-catalyzed mechanism is distinct from the nonenzymatic mechanism. Taken together, these results point to the importance of both N7 and N3 in the mechanism of adenine excision catalyzed by MutY.
Patterning Spherical Surfaces at the Two‐Hundred‐Nanometer Scale Using Soft Lithography (2003)

Abstract Two soft lithographic techniques—topographically directed photolithography (TOP) and near‐field contact‐mode photolithography—have been used to pattern spherical surfaces with features as small as 175 nm. Each technique has the ability to pattern more than a 60° arc of a spherical surface, albeit with distortions at the edge. Use as an optical polarizer demonstrates an application of these types of patterned surface.
Beyond trilateration: On the localizability of wireless ad-hoc networks (2009)

The proliferation of wireless and mobile devices has fostered the demand of context aware applications, in which location is often viewed as one of the most significant contexts. Classically, trilateration is widely employed for testing network localizability; even in many cases it wrongly recognizes a localizable graph as non-localizable. In this study, we analyze the limitation of trilateration based approaches and propose a novel approach which inherits the simplicity and efficiency of trilateration, while at the same time improves the performance by identifying more localizable nodes. We prove the correctness and optimality of this design by showing that it is able to locally recognize all 1-hop localizable nodes. To validate this approach, a prototype system with 19 wireless sensors is deployed. Intensive and large-scale simulations are further conducted to evaluate the scalability and efficiency of our design.
Organization of a type I keratin gene. Evidence for evolution of intermediate filaments from a common ancestral gene. (1985)

The genomic structure of the mouse 59-kDa keratin gene, a Type I intermediate filament (IF) gene is presented. A comparison of the organization of this gene with that of the human 67-kDa keratin, a Type II IF gene, and hamster vimentin, a Type III IF gene, suggests a common evolutionary origin for Type I, II, and III IF genes. Most introns in these three types of IF genes occur at similar positions within the region encoding sequences predicted to form coiled-coils, but do not delineate structural subdomains. Interestingly though, most of the introns interrupt at or near the beginning of the characteristic 7-residue (heptad) repeat of sequences which form the coiled-coil. These data suggest that the three types of IF genes arose from a common ancestor which may have been assembled from smaller units containing multiple heptad repeats. Subsequent duplication events may then have formed the three known alpha-helical types and each of their various members.
Nucleotide sequence ofBacillusphage Ø29 genes 14 and 15: homology of gene 15 with other phage lysozymes (1986)

The nucleotide sequence of Bacillus phage phi 29 genes 14 (g14) and 15 (g15) have been determined and shown to encode proteins with molecular weights of 15,014 and 28,022, respectively. The g14 open reading frame (ORF) was confirmed by sequencing a sus14(1241) mutant. Gene product 15 (gp15) has considerable homology with Salmonella phage P22 lysozyme and lesser homology with Escherichia coli phage T4 lysozyme. Putative translation signals are identified. In addition, the role of a previously described promoter, B2, is discussed.