gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PREOPERATIVE SERUM PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN LEVELS BETWEEN 2 AND 22 NG./ML. CORRELATE POORLY WITH POST-RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY CANCER MORPHOLOGY: PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN CURE RATES APPEAR CONSTANT BETWEEN 2 AND 9 NG./ML. (2002)

Preoperative serum PSA has a clinically useless relationship with cancer volume and grade in radical prostatectomy specimens, and a limited relationship with PSA cure rates at preoperative serum PSA levels of 2 to 9 ng./ml. Trend summaries for prostate weight on broken line regression showed that below 9 ng./ml. BPH is a strong contender for the cause of PSA elevation, constituting the primary cause of the over diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Combining Probability-Based Rankers for Action-Item Detection (2007)

This paper studies methods that automatically detect action-items in e-mail, an important category for assisting users in identifying new tasks, tracking ongoing ones, and searching for completed ones. Since action-items consist of a short span of text, classifiers that detect action-items can be built from a document-level or a sentence-level view. Rather than commit to either view, we adapt a contextsensitive metaclassification framework to this problem to combine the rankings produced by different algorithms as well as different views. While this framework is known to work well for standard classification, its suitability for fusing rankers has not been studied. In an empirical evaluation, the resulting approach yields improved rankings that are less sensitive to training set variation, and furthermore, the theoretically-motivated reliability indicators we introduce enable the metaclassifier to now be applicable in any problem where the base classifiers are used.
Biaxial Esophagus Microphone Recording Of Lung Sound (2005)

This report examines the application of an esophageal microphone, consisting of two cristsls, to lung sound recordings. Experimental results are given to highlight some of the potential benefits of an esophageal crystal microphone, with respect to chestwall microphones. These benefits result from the directional sensitivity of the microphone, and its location in the vicinity of the lung sound generation site(s).
Novel In Vivo Imaging Analysis of an Inner Ear Drug Delivery System in Mice: Comparison of Inner Ear Drug Concentrations over Time after Transtympanic and Systemic Injections (2012)

We speculate that the drug might enter the Eustachian tube from the middle ear. We conclude that inner-ear drug concentration can be maintained longer if the two injection routes are combined. As the size of luciferin differs from that of therapeutics like dexamethasone, combining drugs with luciferin may advance our understanding of in vivo drug delivery dynamics in the inner ear.
1H magnetic resonance imaging of human lung using inversion recovery turbo spin echo (2000)

Evaluation of lung pathologies using magnetic resonance imaging remains limited, primarily due to the lung's low proton density and high density of magnetic field susceptibility gradients. It is hypothesized that visualization of the lung is possible if signal intensity from muscle and/or fat is suppressed or reduced. Using the inversion recovery and frequency selective saturation pulse with a half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) or a segmented, centric reordered turbo spin-echo (TSE) readout, signal intensity and contrast of tissues can be manipulated to enhance the visibility of the lung. Multislice images of the lung from 10 healthy volunteers were acquired with negligible motion artifacts. Peripheral pulmonary vessels appear well delineated. T(1) maps of the lung are also presented; the overall average was 1335 +/- 85 msec and 1245 +/- 93 msec with the volunteers performing breath-holding on end-expiration and end-inspiration, respectively. This difference is statistically significant, at P < 0.01.
Preinfection Prophylaxis with Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein Immunogens: Factors Influencing Efficacy (1989)

Using a guinea-pig model of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection we explored the protection afforded by preinfection immunization with HSV glycoproteins. Glycoprotein immunogens prepared by recombinant DNA technology were found to be as effective as immunogens purified from HSV-infected cell cultures. Immunized animals developed less severe primary disease and also experienced less frequent recurrent infections. Protection was influenced by both adjuvant and route of administration. These studies suggest that recombinant HSV glycoproteins may be effective immunogens for human clinical trials, but that the development of an effective vaccine will require identification of new potent adjuvants that are safe for human use.
Challenges and future directions for the scaling of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) (2002)

Significant challenges face DRAM scaling toward and beyond the 0.10-µm generation. Scaling techniques used in earlier generations for the array-access transistor and the storage capacitor are encountering limitations which necessitate major innovation in electrical operating mode, structure, and processing. Although a variety of options exist for advancing the technology, such as low-voltage operation, vertical MOSFETs, and novel capacitor structures, uncertainties exist about which way to proceed. This paper discusses the interrelationships among the DRAM scaling requirements and their possible solutions. The emphasis is on trench-capacitor DRAM technology.
Systemic AAV8-Mediated Gene Therapy Drives Whole-Body Correction of Myotubular Myopathy in Dogs (2017)

X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) results from MTM1 gene mutations and myotubularin deficiency. Most XLMTM patients develop severe muscle weakness leading to respiratory failure and death, typically within 2 years of age. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of systemic gene therapy in the p.N155K canine model of XLMTM by performing a dose escalation study. A recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (rAAV8) vector expressing canine myotubularin (cMTM1) under the muscle-specific desmin promoter (rAAV8-cMTM1) was administered by simple peripheral venous infusion in XLMTM dogs at 10 weeks of age, when signs of the disease are already present. A comprehensive analysis of survival, limb strength, gait, respiratory function, neurological assessment, histology, vector biodistribution, transgene expression, and immune response was performed over a 9-month study period. Results indicate that systemic gene therapy was well tolerated, prolonged lifespan, and corrected the skeletal musculature throughout the body in a dose-dependent manner, defining an efficacious dose in this large-animal model of the disease. These results support the development of gene therapy clinical trials for XLMTM.
Purification and Properties of Leucine Aminopeptidase III from Aspergillus oryzae (1973)

Leucine aminopeptidase III from Aspergillus oryzae 460 was purified from the rivanol non-precipitable fraction. The purified enzyme was homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. Its optimum pH is at pH 8.0 for L-leucyl-glycyl-glycine. The enzyme was inhibited by SH reagents. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 56, 000 by gel filtration.
Solid State Quantum Bits (2005)

We present the solid-state quantum circuits that have been developed in order to implement quantum bits suitable for a quantum processor. These qubits are either based on the quantum state of a single particle (semiconductor qubits), or on the quantum state of the global circuit (superconducting qubits). We discuss more in detail the superconducting qubits, and present results on qubit manipulation and readout. We explain the main strategies used to improve and tio maintain quantum coherence.
The use of a lateral patellar autologous graft for the repair of a large osteochondral defect in the knee. (1995)

An autologous graft from the lateral facet of the patella was used to repair a large osteochondral defect of the weight-bearing surface of the femoral condyle in ten patients who were then followed for an average of six and one-half years (range, four to nine years). Function was improved and symptoms were alleviated in all of the patients. Four patients had mild pain in the anterior part of the knee and two patients had a flexion deformity, which was 5 degrees in one and 10 degrees in the other. Small osteophytes developed laterally in five of the patients; three of the five had pain in the anterior part of the knee and two had a mild lateral patellar tilt.
Using the SimOS machine simulator to study complex computer systems (1997)

SimOS is an environment for studying the hardware and software of computer systems. SimOS simulates the hardware of a computer system in enough detail to boot a commercial operating system and run realistic workloads on top of it. This paper identifies two challenges that machine simulators such as SimOS must overcome in order to effectively analyze large complex workloads: handling long workload execution times and collecting data effectively. To study long-running workloads, SimOS includes multiple interchangeable simulation models for each hardware component. By selecting the appropriate combination of simulation models, the user can explicitly control the tradeoff between simulation speed and simulation detail. To handle the large amount of low-level data generated by the hardware simulation models, SimOS contains flexible annotation and event classification mechanisms that map the data back to concepts meaningful to the user. SimOS has been extensively used to study new computer hardware designs, to analyze application performance, and to study operating systems. We include two case studies that demonstrate how a low-level machine simulator such as SimOS can be used to study large and complex workloads.
Disjoint eager execution: an optimal form of speculative execution (1995)

Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) speedups of an order-of-magnitude or greater may be possible using the techniques described herein. Traditional speculative code execution is the execution of code down one path of a branch (branch prediction) or both paths of a branch (eager execution), before the condition of the branch has been evaluated, thereby executing code ahead of time, and improving performance. A third, optimal, method of speculative execution, Disjoint Eager Execution (DEE), is described herein. A restricted form of DEE, easier to implement than pure DEE, is developed and evaluated. An implementation of both DEE and minimal control dependencies is described. DEE is shown both theoretically and experimentally to yield more parallelism than both branch prediction and eager execution when the same, finite, execution resources are assumed. ILP speedups of factors in the ten's are demonstrated with constrained resources.
HLA-B*0702 transgenic, H-2KbDb double-knockout mice: phenotypical and functional characterization in response to influenza virus (2003)

HLA-B*0702 transgenic mice (expressing a chimeric heavy chain with a murine alpha 3 domain: HLA-B7(m alpha 3)) in which the H-2K(b) and H-2D(b) class I-a (Cl I-a(-/-)) genes have been inactivated were compared with H-2K(b)D(b) Cl I-a(+/+) positive controls. Expression of the HLA-B7(m alpha 3) molecules resulted in a 3- to 4-fold increase in peripheral CD8(+) T lymphocyte numbers compared to H-2 Cl I-a(-/-) knockout mice. These cells show a diversified TCR repertoire. Following influenza infection, a significant improvement in HLA-B0702-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses was observed in HLA-B7(m alpha 3), H-2 Cl I-a(-/-) compared to HLA-B7(m alpha 3), H-2 Cl I-a(+/+) mice. The CTL response of infected HLA-B7(m alpha 3), H-2 Cl I-a(-/-) mice was directed against the nucleoprotein (NP) 418-426 epitope in which mutations have accumulated. Whereas all NP 418-426 variant peptides induced a CTL response, cross-reactivity to the variants was affected. These NP mutations could have been selected over time in humans for the virus to escape HLA-B0702-restricted CTL responses since a similar response was seen in humans with, as in mice, altered cross-recognition of the NP 418-426 variants. These animals may prove a suitable model to study HLA-B0702-restricted CTL responses.
Ambrox® (2011)

Abstract Ambra ist ein seit Jahrtausenden hoch geschätzter Duftstoff aus dem Verdauungstrakt des Pottwals. Der olfaktorisch bedeutendste Inhaltsstoff ist (–)‐Ambrox ® , das durch Partialsynthese im größeren Maßstab aus dem Sclareol des Muskatellersalbeis gewonnen wird. Die Polyencyclisierungen von Homofarnesol und Homofarnsylsäure sind besonders elegante Totalsynthesen. 5,5a‐Dehydroambrox zeichnet sich nicht nur durch exzellente Duftqualitäten aus, sondern auch durch die eleganten Totalsynthesen.
Experimental Spinal Stenosis (2004)

Mild cauda equina compression induces TNF-alpha expression and demyelination. Moderate and strong cauda equina compression induces TNF-alpha expression and degeneration associated with macrophage invasion. Neither demyelination nor degeneration in the cauda equina induced mechanical allodynia. Nerve lesions proximal to the dorsal root ganglion do not produce significant mechanical allodynia. Dorsal root ganglion apoptosis may be important for pain.
The SCFbeta -TRCP-ubiquitin ligase complex associates specifically with phosphorylated destruction motifs in Ikappa Balpha and beta -catenin and stimulates Ikappa Balpha ubiquitination in vitro (1999)

Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis has a central role in controlling the intracellular levels of several important regulatory molecules such as cyclins, CKIs, p53, and IkappaBalpha. Many diverse proinflammatory signals lead to the specific phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitin-mediated destruction of the NF-kappaB inhibitor protein IkappaBalpha. Substrate specificity in ubiquitination reactions is, in large part, mediated by the specific association of the E3-ubiquitin ligases with their substrates. One class of E3 ligases is defined by the recently described SCF complexes, the archetype of which was first described in budding yeast and contains Skp1, Cdc53, and the F-box protein Cdc4. These complexes recognize their substrates through modular F-box proteins in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Here we describe a biochemical dissection of a novel mammalian SCF complex, SCFbeta-TRCP, that specifically recognizes a 19-amino-acid destruction motif in IkappaBalpha (residues 21-41) in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. This SCF complex also recognizes a conserved destruction motif in beta-catenin, a protein with levels also regulated by phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. Endogenous IkappaBalpha-ubiquitin ligase activity cofractionates with SCFbeta-TRCP. Furthermore, recombinant SCFbeta-TRCP assembled in mammalian cells contains phospho-IkappaBalpha-specific ubiquitin ligase activity. Our results suggest that an SCFbeta-TRCP complex functions in multiple transcriptional programs by activating the NF-kappaB pathway and inhibiting the beta-catenin pathway.
Subchronic Treatment of Donepezil Rescues Impaired Social, Hyperactive, and Stereotypic Behavior in Valproic Acid-Induced Animal Model of Autism (2014)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of pervasive developmental disorders with core symptoms such as sociability deficit, language impairment, and repetitive/restricted behaviors. Although worldwide prevalence of ASD has been increased continuously, therapeutic agents to ameliorate the core symptoms especially social deficits, are very limited. In this study, we investigated therapeutic potential of donepezil for ASD using valproic acid-induced autistic animal model (VPA animal model). We found that prenatal exposure of valproic acid (VPA) induced dysregulation of cholinergic neuronal development, most notably the up-regulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the prefrontal cortex of affected rat and mouse offspring. Similarly, differentiating cortical neural progenitor cell in culture treated with VPA showed increased expression of AChE in vitro. Chromatin precipitation experiments revealed that acetylation of histone H3 bound to AChE promoter region was increased by VPA. In addition, other histone deacetyalse inhibitors (HDACIs) such as trichostatin A and sodium butyrate also increased the expression of AChE in differentiating neural progenitor cells suggesting the essential role of HDACIs in the regulation of AChE expression. For behavioral analysis, we injected PBS or donepezil (0.3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to control and VPA mice once daily from postnatal day 14 all throughout the experiment. Subchronic treatment of donepezil improved sociability and prevented repetitive behavior and hyperactivity of VPA-treated mice offspring. Taken together, these results provide evidence that dysregulation of ACh system represented by the up-regulation of AChE may serve as an effective pharmacological therapeutic target against autistic behaviors in VPA animal model of ASD, which should be subjected for further investigation to verify the clinical relevance.
Rhinosinusitis in Children (2012)

Rhinosinusitis is the inflammation of the mucous membranes of nose and paranasal sinus(es). 5-13% of upper respiratory tract infections in children complicate into acute rhinosinusitis. Though not life threatening, it profoundly affects child's school performance and sleep pattern. If untreated, it could progress to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The pathogens involved in perpetuation of CRS consist of multidrug-resistant mixed microflora. CRS is challenging to manage and could further extend to cause eye or intracranial complications. In children, CRS diagnosis is often either missed or incomprehensive. Due to this, morbidity and strain on healthcare budget are tremendous. Flexible fiberoptic endoscopy has revolutionized management of CRS. Its utility in children is being increasingly recognized. Optimal management entails specific appropriate antimicrobials as well as treatment of underlying causes. The aim is to normalize sinus anatomy and physiology and regain normal mucociliary function and clearance.
Heart Failure-Inducible Gene Therapy Targeting Protein Phosphatase 1 Prevents Progressive Left Ventricular Remodeling (2012)

Heart failure-inducible molecular targeting of PP1β has potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for heart failure.
Growth of yttrium oxide thin films from β‐diketonate precursor (1994)

Abstract Yttrium oxide thin films were deposited in a flow‐type ALE reactor from Y(thd) 3 (Hthd  2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedione) and either ozone or oxygen. The influence of the substrate and source temperatures, pressure and pulse durations on the film growth on soda‐lime and silicon substrates was studied. Films were also grown on Corning glass, sapphire and Si/CeO 2 substrates to study the effect of the substrate on the growth rate and crystallinity of the films. Spectrophotometry, XRD and AFM were used to determine the optical properties, thickness, crystallinity and surface morphology of the films. All the films deposited with ozone were crystalline, but differences in preferential orientation depending on the substrate were observed. The growth rate with ozone was about 0.8 Å cycle −1 on all substrates except sapphire where it was higher. The films deposited with oxygen were less crystalline and the growth rate was significantly lower than in depositions with ozone under the same growth conditions.
Synthesis of metacycloprodigiosin (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of metacycloprodigiosinHarry H. Wasserman, Dennis D. Keith, and Jeffrey NadelsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 5, 1264–1265Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01033a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01033a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views209Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Biweekly Infusional Fluorouracil/Leucovorin Alone or With Irinotecan in the Adjuvant Treatment of Stage III Colon Cancer: PETACC-3 (2009)

PURPOSE The primary objective of this randomized, multicenter, phase III trial was to investigate whether the addition of irinotecan to the de Gramont infusional fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) adjuvant regimen (LV5FU2) would improve disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage III colon cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS After curatively intentioned surgery, patients with stage II and III colon cancer were randomly allocated surgery to receive LV5FU2 (LV 200 mg/m(2) as a 2-hour infusion, followed by FU; as a 400 mg/m(2) bolus and then a 600 mg/m(2) continuous infusion over 22 hours, days 1 and 2, every 2 weeks for 12 cycles: de Gramont regimen) with or without irinotecan (180 mg/m(2) as a 30- to 90-minute infusion, day 1, every 2 weeks). In total, 260 (7.9%) of 3,278 patients received an alternative high-dose infusional FU/LV regimen (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internische Onkologie regimen) with or without irinotecan. Results The principal efficacy analysis was based on 2,094 treated patients with stage III disease, randomly allocated in the LV5FU2 strata. After a median follow-up of 66.3 months, the 5-year DFS rate was 56.7% with irinotecan/LV5FU2 and 54.3% with LV5FU2 alone (primary end point: log-rank P = .106). Combining irinotecan with LV5FU2 did not significantly improve overall survival in this patient group compared with LV5FU2 alone (5-year rate 73.6% v 71.3%, respectively; log-rank P = .094). The addition of irinotecan to LV5FU2 was associated with an increased incidence of grade 3 to 4 GI events and neutropenia. CONCLUSION Irinotecan added to LV5FU2 as adjuvant therapy did not confer a statistically significant improvement in DFS or overall survival in patients with stage III colon cancer compared with LV5FU2 alone.