gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cognitive deficits following blast injury-induced neurotrauma: possible involvement of nitric oxide (2001)

Blast injuries, that is injuries caused by the complex pressure wave generated by some explosions, show increasing frequency throughout the world. However, whether blast injury is capable of inducing memory dysfunction has not been previously investigated. The present study examines the effects of blast injury-induced neurotrauma on memory deficit in rats. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that blast injury, stimulating nitric oxide production in the medial mesodiencephalic reticular formation and the dorsal hippocampus, both structures being involved in memory processing, may induce memory deficits. Prior to blast injury, Wistar rats were trained for an active avoidance task for 6 days. On day 6, rats that had acquired the avoidance response were subjected to whole-body blast injury, using a BT-I shock tube. Neurotrauma was confirmed by electron microscopical examination. At the completion of cognitive testing, rats were sacrificed at 3, 24 hours and 5 days after injury. The nitric oxide production in the brain structures was determined by the total nitrite/nitrate concentration, and by the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA. The rats with blast injury revealed significant deficits in performance of the active avoidance task that persisted up to 5 days post-injury. Electron microscopical findings in both brain structures showed swellings of neurons, glial reaction, myelin debris, and increased pinocytotic activity on the fifth day following trauma. In blast injured rats, there was a significant elevation in total nitrite/nitrate levels 3 and 24 hours following injury which was comparable with the changes in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA. The results indicate that blast injury-induced neurotrauma is able to cause cognitive deficits.
Increased stiffness of the rat liver precedes matrix deposition: implications for fibrosis (2007)

Liver fibrosis, the response to chronic liver injury, results from the activation of mesenchymal cells to fibrogenic myofibroblasts. We have recently shown that two key myofibroblast precursor populations, hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts, undergo activation in culture in response to increasing substrate stiffness. We therefore hypothesized that alterations in liver stiffness precede myofibroblast activation and fibrosis in vivo as well. To test this hypothesis, we induced fibrosis in rats by twice weekly injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) and then killed the animals at various time points ranging from 3 to 70 days after the initiation of injury. The shear storage modulus of the whole liver was measured on fresh tissue; fixed and frozen tissue from the same livers was used to quantify fibrosis. We observed that liver stiffness increased immediately and continued to increase, leveling out by day 28. Fibrosis, measured histologically by trichrome staining as well as by quantitative sirius red staining, increased with time, although these increases were delayed relative to changes in stiffness. There was no direct correlation between stiffness and fibrosis at early or late time points. Treatment of a second cohort of rats with the lysyl oxidase inhibitor, beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), partially prevented early increases in liver stiffness. We concluded that increases in liver stiffness precede fibrosis and potentially myofibroblast activation. Liver stiffness appears to result from matrix cross-linking and possibly other unknown variables in addition to matrix quantity. We suggest that increased liver stiffness may play an important role in initiating the early stages of fibrosis.
The use of salivary biomarkers in occupational and environmental medicine (2007)

The use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid is a relatively recent trend. This is not surprising when one considers its many advantages and the fact that saliva contains a wide array of constituents.1 Saliva collection is non-invasive compared with phlebotomy, and, as a result, more acceptable to patients. As obtaining saliva is easy, self-collection after instruction is possible and there is no need for trained staff. Moreover, it does not carry the risk of needle-stick injuries. Saliva collection is also less likely to cause stress compared with other invasive procedures such as phlebotomy, an important consideration when researching biomarkers of stress. Lastly, saliva samples can reflect real-time levels of biomarkers, unlike other biological fluids, such as urine, which is stored in the bladder for a few hours before sampling.

A wide range of biomarkers is measurable in saliva, including heavy metals (eg, lead), hormones (eg, cortisol, dehydroxyepiandrosterone (DHEA)), toxins and their metabolites (eg, cotinine), enzymes (eg, lysozyme, α-amylase), immunoglobulins (eg, IgA), other proteins (eg, eosinophil cationic protein) and DNA. Researchers are also studying the proteomic components of saliva in the hope of identifying novel biomarkers of disease.2,3

A search of PubMed using the medical subject heading terms “saliva” and “biological markers” showed an increase in the number of studies using salivary biomarkers in the past decade (fig 1). However, when a search using the terms “saliva”, “markers” and “occupation” was performed, the numbers of occupational health papers using salivary markers lagged far behind. Of the 20 papers obtained from the second search, a review of abstracts showed that only 11 had actually used saliva biomarkers in occupational health research. These 11 papers were classified according to areas of occupational health research and the biomarker studied (table 1). The subsequent part of this paper will discuss these …
Invasive validation of a novel brachial cuff-based oscillometric device (SphygmoCor XCEL) for measuring central blood pressure (2016)

The impaired accuracy of central BP measurement was mainly due to calibration-derived, but not device-dependent, bias. Strong correlation between oscillometric and invasive measurements indicates that SphygmoCor XCEL warrants future investigations to determine the clinical validity of this device.
Annexin A5 Multitasking: A Potentially Novel Antiatherothrombotic Agent? (2007)

Atherothrombosis, formed on an underlying atherosclerotic plaque, is the key pathogenic mechanism behind the majority of clinically evident cardiovascular ischemic diseases including acute coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial occlusion. Annexin A5 (ANXA5; previously annexin V), a member of the annexin superfamily, is a protein with potent and unique antithrombotic properties. The antithrombotic effect exerted by ANXA5 is thought to be mediated mainly by mechanical shielding of phospholipids, phosphatidylserine in particular, thereby reducing their availability for coagulation reactions. However, other intriguing properties of ANXA5 potentially contributing to its antithrombotic function, especially downregulation of surface expressed tissue factor, or interaction with additional ligands involved in hemostasis such as sulfatide and heparin, as well as upregulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator were reported. The biological significance of ANXA5 as a member of endogenous antithrombotic system in vivo has been suggested recently for the large vasculature and for placental microcirculation. Antiatherothrombotic potential of ANXA5 deserves further attention and careful studies in order to determine its true physiological impact as well as its possible therapeutic applications.
Immunolocalization of platelet‐derived growth factor A and B chains and PDGF‐α and β receptors in human gingival wounds (1997)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a polypeptide growth factor which has been implicated as a major mitogen involved in wound healing. The PDGF appears to promote periodontal regeneration; however, its distribution in gingival tissues is not known and how it participates in gingival wound healing is unclear. Using highly specific antibodies we have studied the distribution of PDGF A and B chains and alpha- and beta-PDGF receptors in healing human gingival wounds. Wounds were created by making a 0.75 mm deep incision in the papilla and healthy gingiva and biopsies were obtained from the same site after 8 h and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d. Frozen sections were immunostained with affinity purified antibodies. The results showed that both epithelium and fibrin clot manifested positive immunostaining for anti-PDGF-A and B-chain antibodies. Staining was present in unwounded and wounded epithelia, and in the fibrin clot it appeared to be more intense for the PDGF-A chain. Blood vessels in connective tissue were also positive while other areas were largely negative. No significant staining was detectable in healthy tissues for anti-PDGF-alpha or -beta receptor antibodies. However, the wound site began to manifest positive immunostaining fro anti-beta-receptor antibody after 3 d of healing, became maximal at 7 d, and then decreased. Our data indicate, but do not prove, that gingival epithelium may be a source of PDGF A and B chains and that the A chain may have a more prominent role to play during early stages of healing. Expression of PDGF beta-receptor appears later at the wound site, indicating that the PDGF B isomer may regulate later wound healing events.
Progress in camera-based document image analysis (2004)

The increasing availability of high performance, low priced, portable digital imaging devices has created a tremendous opportunity for supplementing traditional scanning for document image acquisition. Digital cameras attached to cellular phones, PDAs, or as standalone still or video devices are highly mobile and easy to use; they can capture images of any kind of document including very thick books, historical pages too fragile to touch, and text in scenes; and they are much more versatile than desktop scanners. Should robust solutions to the analysis of documents captured with such devices become available, there is clearly a demand from many domains. Traditional scanner-based document analysis techniques provide us with a good reference and starting point, but they cannot be used directly on camera-captured images. Camera captured images can suffer from low resolution, blur, and perspective distortion, as well as complex layout and interaction of the content and background. In this paper we present a survey of application domains, technical challenges and solutions for recognizing documents captured by digital cameras. We begin by describing typical imaging devices and the imaging process. We discuss document analysis from a single camera-captured image as well as multiple frames and highlight some sample applications under development and feasible ideas for future development.
Using Self-Assembled Monolayers to Pattern ECM Proteins and Cells on Substrates (2003)

We present a method that uses microcontact printing of alkanethiols on gold to generate patterned substrates presenting “islands” of extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounded by nonadhesive regions such that single cells attach and spread only on the adhesive regions. We have used this micropatterning technology to demonstrate that mammalian cells can be switched between growth and apoptosis programs in the presence of saturating concentrations of growth factors by either promoting or preventing cell spreading (1). From the perspective of fundamental cell biology, these results suggested that the local differentials in growth and viability that are critical for the formation of complex tissue patterns may be generated by local changes in cell-ECM interactions. In the context of cell culture technologies, such as bioreactors and cellular engineering applications, the regulation of cell function by cell shape indicates that the adhesive microenvironment around cells can be carefully optimized by patterning a substrate in addition to using soluble factors (2). Micropatterning technology will play a central role both in our understanding how ECM and cell shape regulate cell physiology and in facilitating the development of cellular biosensor and tissue engineering applications (3-5).
Nck Recruitment to Eph Receptor, EphB1/ELK, Couples Ligand Activation to c-Jun Kinase (1998)

Eph family receptor tyrosine kinases signal axonal guidance, neuronal bundling, and angiogenesis; yet the signaling systems that couple these receptors to targeting and cell-cell assembly responses are incompletely defined. Functional links to regulators of cytoskeletal structure are anticipated based on receptor mediated cell-cell aggregation and migratory responses. We used two-hybrid interaction cloning to identify EphB1-interactive proteins. Six independent cDNAs encoding the SH2 domain of the adapter protein, Nck, were recovered in a screen of a murine embryonic library. We mapped the EphB1 subdomain that binds Nck and its Drosophila homologue, DOCK, to the juxtamembrane region. Within this subdomain, Tyr594 was required for Nck binding. In P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, activation of EphB1 (ELK) by its ligand, ephrin-B1/Fc, recruited Nck to native receptor complexes and activated c-Jun kinase (JNK/SAPK). Transient overexpression of mutant EphB1 receptors (Y594F) blocked Nck recruitment to EphB1, attenuated downstream JNK activation, and blocked cell attachment responses. These findings identify Nck as an important intermediary linking EphB1 signaling to JNK.
[Animal experiments on cementing small osteochondral fragments with fibrin glue]. (1980)

An experiment on revascularization of glued osteochondral fragments was carried out. A chiseled part of the medial femoral condyle of the knee joint of the rabbit was fixed on the right side with an acryl adhesive and on the left side with a new fibrinogen adhesive system (FAS), consisting of highly concentrated fibrinogen, thrombin, and factor XIII. The animals were sacrificed after three, six, ten, and twenty eight days. The FAS is changed into granulation tissue rich in vessels and, therefore, there is a quick revascularization of the fragments soon after three days. On the contrary the acryl adhesive is a foreign body and prevents ingrowth of capillaries during the time of investigation. Immobilization with plaster is necessary to prevent the fragment from gliding off.
Selective Regulation of IL-10 Signaling and Function by Zymosan (2006)

Balanced activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during innate immune responses is required to allow effective host defense while avoiding tissue damage and autoimmunity. Induction of cytokine production after recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by innate immune cells has been well demonstrated, but modulation of cytokine function by PAMPs is not well understood. In this study we show that stimulation of macrophages with zymosan, which contains PAMPs derived from yeast, rapidly extinguished macrophage responses to IL-10, a suppressive cytokine that limits inflammatory tissue damage but also compromises host defense. The mechanism of inhibition involved protein kinase Cbeta and internalization of IL-10R, and was independent of TLR2 and phagocytosis. Inhibition of IL-10 signaling and function required direct contact with zymosan, and cells in an inflammatory environment that had not contacted zymosan remained responsive to the paracrine activity of zymosan-induced IL-10. These results reveal a mechanism that regulates IL-10 function such that antimicrobial functions of infected macrophages are not suppressed, but the activation of surrounding noninfected cells and subsequent tissue damage are limited. The fate of individual cells in an inflammatory microenvironment is thus specified by dynamic interactions among host cells, microbes, and cytokines that determine the balance between protection and pathology.
Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 2001. (2002)

Health and education officials at national, state, and local levels are using these YRBSS data to analyze and improve policies and programs to reduce priority health-risk behaviors among youth. The YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 16 national health objectives for 2010 and 3 of the 10 leading health indicators.
Human Antibody Repertoires (2008)

Symplex is an antibody discovery technology that identifies fully human antigen-specific antibody repertoires directly from plasma cells. The technology utilizes reverse transcription and overlap extension polymerase chain reaction performed on single-cell-sorted plasma cells, whereby the heavy- and light-chain cognate pairing of the antibodies is maintained. The isolated antibodies from a plasma cell donor reflect the diversity, affinity, and selectivity of the donor antibody repertoire, making the technology an ideal tool for identifying drug leads and studying the development of human antibody repertoires.
Activity of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Multiple Myeloma. (2007)

Abstract Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been successfully introduced for the treatment of cancer. Imatinib, dasatinib and nilotinib target bcr/abl and were found to induce molecular remissions in chronic myeloid leukemia. Imatinib has also been found to be active in other malignancies like gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Sunitinib and sorafenib are multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors and so far, have shown activity against renal cell carcinoma and other cancers. Gefitinib targets the tyrosine kinase of epidermal growth factor receptor and has been found to be active against some cases of non-small cell lung cancer. There is circumstantial evidence that tyrosine kinases and their receptors (e.g. VEGF, IGF-1 and FGFR3) are active in multiple myeloma. In order to develop new treatments for multiple myeloma (MM), we tested several currently available TKIs for their activity against MM cell lines. Materials and methods: The a cell lines MC/CAR, ARH77, RPMI 8226, ARP1, JJN3, MM1S, and INA-6 were treated with various concentrations of TKIs and analyzed for cell growth in liquid culture, proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression pattern screening 14,500 genes using U133A_2 arrays. Results: Imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, gefitinib induced cytotoxicity in most cases at high concentrations (50% inhibitory concentration ≥ 100 μMol), whereas sunitinib and sorafenib were active at lower concentrations (50% IC 1– 5 μMol). The cytoxicity was observed early (within 4 to 24 hours of exposure) and involves apoptosis. Interleukin-6 did not offer protection against the cytotoxicity of sorafenib or sunitinib, however the inhibition of proliferation was more pronounced in low fetal calf serum (2.5 versus 10%). A short-term exposure of the myeloma cell line MM1S to 10 μMol sorafenib resulted in more than 2 fold changes in 283 genes or sequences (175 up, 108 down). If only 10 fold changes are considered, 21 genes or sequences were upregulated (mainly enzymes, regulators and ligands) and 11 downregulated (mainly regulatory proteins, among them IL6 signal transducer). Conclusion: We found that the multitargeted TKIs sorafenib and sunitinib are active in vitro against multiple myeloma. We plan to investigate patient samples, and to elucidate the targets and the mechanisms of action. Our data will support clinical trials both as single agent and in combination with other drugs like bortezomib, thalidomide, alkylators and ionizing radiation.
Optical grating multiplexer in the 1.1–1.5 μm wavelength region (1980)

Experimental results of a multiplexer using a diffraction grating for a wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission system are described. The multiplexer has 10 channels and a wavelength spacing of 36.2 nm in the 1.1–1.5 μm wavelength region. Minimum insertion loss for each channel was less than 2.2 dB.
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for the Determination of Therapeutic Drug Levels in Human Plasma (1981)

Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a technique which has been known for a number of years, but despite its many advantages, its has not seen clinical utility. The main reason for this is the lack of simple, rapid, high performance instrumentation suitable for use in a clinical laboratory. This problem has been addressed in this laboratory and an instrument has been developed which meets these needs. The solutions of the two other problems associated with the technique (i.e. non-specific binding of tracer to serum proteins and the intrinsic fluorescence of serum) have also been accomplished. Assays for a variety of therapeutic drugs including gentamicin, theophylline, phenytoin, and phenobarbital have been developed and shown to correlate well with a number of reference method. The assays have been totally automated with a concomitant increase in speed and ease of use and a significant improvement in performance over the manual system.
Bukhara. Edited by Vitaly Naumkin, compiled by Andrei G. Nedvetsky, introduction by D. Y. Arapov (Caught in Time: Great Photographic Archives.) pp. 159, 164 photographs. Reading, Garnet Publishing, 1993. £16.95. (1995)

Bukhara. Edited by Vitaly Naumkin, compiled by Andrei G. Nedvetsky, introduction by D. Y. Arapov (Caught in Time: Great Photographic Archives.) pp. 159, 164 photographs. Reading, Garnet Publishing, 1993. £16.95. - Volume 5 Issue 1
3D stacked flip chip packaging with through silicon vias and copper plating or conductive adhesive filling (2005)

Three dimensional packaging is emerging as the solution for microelectronics development toward system on chip (SOC) and system in package (SIP). 3D flip chip structures with through silicon vias (TSVs) have very good potential for the implementation of 3D packaging. In this study, a prototype of 3D stacked flip chip packaging with TSVs is designed and fabricated. Fundamental techniques for this prototype fabrication are studied and discussed in detail. The formation of TSVs is by the deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process and the plugging of TSVs may be done by either copper plating or conductive adhesive dispensing. In addition to the conceptual design, all wafer level processes are described and the subsequent die stacking assembly is also presented in this paper.
Using finger-pointing to operate secondary controls in automobiles (2002)

Driver inattention is the cause of many automobile accidents. The operation of secondary vehicle controls has been found to be a cause of driver inattention. In this paper, we describe a prototype finger-pointing interface for the operation of these controls. A 6-DOF sensor is used to compute the point targeted on the display, located in front of the driver. The prototype graphical user interface (GUI) is described. Specifically, we provide experimental results concerning the sizes of button that can be used in the finger-pointing interface. We also discuss the types of GUI controls that we have found feasible to operate using our system.
Assessing Possible Celiac Disease by an HLA-DQ2-gliadin Tetramer Test (2011)

Tetramer staining for gluten-specific T cells is a sensitive method in detecting an immune response in CD patients after a short gluten challenge. The prevalence of CD in the group with self-prescribed GFD was about 10%.
Novel cell structure of PRAM with thin metal layer inserted GeSbTe (2004)

We have developed a novel cell structure of PRAM with metal interlayer. This novel structure has been proposed to solve the over-programming fail. We have examined the cause of over-programming by simulation of the phase transition of chalcogenide and successfully demonstrated reliable cell operation of this novel structure in writing current level, crystallization speed, and endurance. It can be explained by a model in which the metal interlayer is a local heat sink and the top GST layer is a thermal insulator.