gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absence of mutations in the Wilms' tumor gene wt1 in de novo non-small cell lung cancers. (2004)

We recently demonstrated that the WT1 gene was overexpressed in the majority of de novo lung cancers regardless of cancer subtypes. Here, we examined WT1 genomic DNA in 38 cases of de novo non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) for mutations using direct sequencing. The sequencing analysis showed no mutations of WT1 genomic DNA in any of 38 de novo non-small cell lung cancers examined. These results indicated that the non-mutated, wild-type WT1 gene played an important role in de novo NSCLC.
Characterization of a multi-layered MEMS pressure sensor using piezoresistive silicon nanowire within large measurable strain range (2012)

Multilayered pressure sensors using piezoresistive silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are characterized using center displacement loading approach. The silicon nanowire (SiNW) is embedded in a multilayered diaphragm structure comprising of silicon nitride and silicon oxide. By leveraging the high fracture stress and intrinsic tensile stress of silicon nitride layer to produce a flat diaphragm, we can create compressive strain to the SiNW as large as 1.7% without damaging the diaphragm. The equivalent pressure to break the diaphragm is derived as high as above 500 psi. The sensitivity at low pressure application region (<;45 psi) is derived as around 0.25% psi <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . The relationship between SiNW resistance change and applied strain is measured and investigated with 2 μm and 5 μm SiNWs for both scientific and practical points of view. This approach also demonstrates the validity to reveal the SiNW properties under large strain and the exploration provides a good reference for future SiNW based MEMS sensor design.
Grg1 Acts as a Lung-Specific Oncogene in a Transgenic Mouse Model (2006)

Groucho proteins are transcriptional corepressors that are recruited to gene regulatory regions by numerous transcription factors. Long isoforms, such as Grg1, have all the domains of the prototype Drosophila Groucho. Short Groucho proteins, such as Grg5, have only the amino-terminal Q and G/P domains. We generated Grg1 and Grg5 transgenic mice and found that Grg1 overexpression induces lung adenocarcinoma, whereas Grg5 overexpression does not. Coexpression of Grg5 with Grg1 reduces tumor burden. Grg1 and Grg5 both diminish p53 protein levels; however, only Grg1 overexpression induces elevated levels of ErbB1 and ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinases. The molecular and biological changes that accompany tumor progression in Grg1 transgenic mice closely reiterate events seen in human lung cancer. We also found that within a human lung tumor tissue array, a significant number of carcinomas overexpress Grg1/TLE1. Our data suggest that Grg1 overexpression contributes to malignancy in human lung cancers.
3D heart-vessel reconstruction from biplane angiograms (1996)

Biplane angiography generates just two time equivalent X-ray images. These X-ray systems can be rotated independently from each other (restricted by possible collisions only). The article explains how highly accurate 3D models of vessel systems can be reconstructed, visualized, and quantitatively evaluated from these X-ray images.
Disulfiram implantation. A placebo-controlled trial with two-year follow-up. (1978)

Ten alcoholics implanted with disulfiram had longer periods of abstinence after treatment than did 10 alcoholics implanted with placebo; 7 of the disulfiram-implanted patients experienced a disulfiram-ethanol reaction in uncontrolled drinking situations, while none of the placebo-implanted patients did.
Transcriptional Profiling of the Human Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization: New Molecules and Patterns of Gene Expression (2006)

Comprehensive analysis of the gene expression profiles associated with human monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and polarization toward M1 or M2 phenotypes led to the following main results: 1) M-CSF-driven monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation is associated with activation of cell cycle genes, substantiating the underestimated proliferation potential of monocytes. 2) M-CSF leads to expression of a substantial part of the M2 transcriptome, suggesting that under homeostatic conditions a default shift toward M2 occurs. 3) Modulation of genes involved in metabolic activities is a prominent feature of macrophage differentiation and polarization. 4) Lipid metabolism is a main category of modulated transcripts, with expected up-regulation of cyclo-oxygenase 2 in M1 cells and unexpected cyclo-oxygenase 1 up-regulation in M2 cells. 5) Each step is characterized by a different repertoire of G protein-coupled receptors, with five nucleotide receptors as novel M2-associated genes. 6) The chemokinome of polarized macrophages is profoundly diverse and new differentially expressed chemokines are reported. Thus, transcriptome profiling reveals novel molecules and signatures associated with human monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and polarized activation which may represent candidate targets in pathophysiology.
Color-coded real-time subcellular fluorescence imaging of the interaction between cancer and host cells in live mice. (2012)

Stromal cells are essential for tumor growth. Stromal cells interact with cancer cells during tumor growth and progression. We report here the development of a tri-color imageable mouse model to visualize the interaction between host cells and cancer cells. To observe subcellular cancer cell dynamics in vivo, HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells were labeled in the nucleus with histone H2B-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and with retroviral red fluorescent protein (RFP) in the cytoplasm. HT-1080-GFP-RFP cells were sprinkled over a skin-flap in transgenic GFP immunocompetent mice. After 24 h, the mice were imaged with an Olympus IV100 laser scanning microscope. HT-1080-GFP-RFP cells were visualized surrounded by host-derived lymphocytes and macrophages both expressing GFP. It was possible to observe host GFP macrophages contacting, engulfing, and digesting dual-color HT-1080-GFP-RFP cells in real time. The dual-color cancer cells were readily visible after being engulfed in the GFP macrophages. Other cancer cells were visualized being killed by lymphocytes. The results of this study show that differentially labeling cells with spectrally-distinct fluorescent protein can allow subcellular-resolution imaging of cell-cell interactions between host and cancer cells.
A thermodynamically admissible reptation model for fast flows of entangled polymers (1999)

The primary purpose of this paper is to introduce the effect of chain stretching into a previously developed, thermodynamically admissible reptation model incorporating anisotropic tube cross sections, double reptation, and convective constraint release, while avoiding the independent alignment approximation. A second goal is the detailed illustration of the thermodynamic modeling approach. Two versions of the model with different stretching mechanisms are proposed, and the simpler one sheds new light on thermodynamically admissible reptation models without independent alignment. The stochastic reformulation of the new model, its simulation, its linear viscoelastic properties, its predictions for rapid double-step shear strains, and the model parameters are discussed in detail.
Marked reduction in CSF lactate and pyruvate levels after CoQ therapy in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) (1991)

Many CoQ trials for mitochondrial encephalomyopathy are reported, however, the action of CoQ in the central nervous system is unknown. We administered CoQ to a patient with MELAS, and decreasing CSF lactate and pyruvate levels were revealed. This reduction in CSF lactate and pyruvate may be evidence that CoQ acts directly on the CNS. There have been no other descriptions of evidence of CoQ effective action in the central nervous system, a finding unique to this report.
Effects of γ-Irradiation on the Free Radical and Antioxidant Contents in Nine Aromatic Herbs and Spices (2002)

Nine spice and aromatic herb samples (i.e., basil, bird pepper, black pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, oregano, parsley, rosemary, and sage) were gamma-irradiated at a dose of 10 kGy according to commercial practices. The effects of the disinfection treatment on the content of organic radicals and some nutrients (namely, vitamin C and carotenoids) in the samples were investigated by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Irradiation resulted in a general increase of quinone radical content in all of the investigated samples, as revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The fate of these radicals after storage for 3 months was also investigated. The cellulose radical was clearly observed in a few samples. Significant losses of total ascorbate were found for black pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, oregano, and sage, whereas a significant decrease of carotenoids content was observed for cinnamon, oregano, parsley, rosemary, bird pepper, and sage.
Displacement Analysis of Large Bodies Using Sunlight Speckle Photography (1998)

Methods of full-field displacement analysis for large engineering structures and bodies of geological or geomorphological nature are limited. A technique developed from laser and white light speckle photography but using sunlight as the illumination source is considered for full-field displacement analysis of rock debris covered ice glaciers. Use of the natural granular signature of the surface is made by two methods of analysis. The first differs little from the normal spatial filtering method of laser speckle photographs which utilises fringes from the negatives' diffraction halo. The second, developed from the maximum cross correlation imaging technique, uses pattern matching of digitised images of the speckle negatives. Digitising also facilitates image storage as well as allowing manipulation of paired images. Field studies have been carried out over a number of seasons on glaciers at the head of the Godley Valley. Comparing the two methods of analysis with standard theodolite survey results shows good support and there is no apparent reason why sunlight speckle photography cannot be used to carry out displacement analysis in other types of large bodies or structures with naturally granular surfaces.
Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin A in a Spiked Milk Sample with Subtype Identification through Toxin Proteomics (2005)

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) causes the disease botulism, which can be lethal if untreated. Rapid determination of exposure to BoNT is an important public health goal. Previous work in our laboratory focused on the development of Endopep-MS, a mass spectrometry-based endopeptidase method for detecting and differentiating BoNT in buffer. This method can rapidly determine the presence of BoNT in a sample and differentiate the toxin type of BoNT present but does not yield additional information about the subtype. We now describe here the application of Endopep-MS to detect BoNT A in a spiked milk sample. This work also describes subtype identification achieved through mass spectrometric analysis of the protein toxin itself and does not require the presence of DNA from the toxin-producing bacteria. Tryptic digests of A1 and A2 subtypes of BoNT were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and peptides unique to either the A1 or A2 subtype were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry analysis to confirm their identities. Finally, subtype identification through mass spectrometric analysis was performed on BoNT A isolated from spiked milk. In its entirety, this method would allow for analysis of BoNT with toxin type identification in a few hours and subtype identification within 24 h.
Characterization of an associated 16-kDa tyrosine phosphoprotein required for Ly-49D signal transduction. (1998)

Ly-49D is an activating receptor on NK cells that does not become tyrosine phosphorylated upon activation. This report demonstrates that immunoprecipitation of Ly-49D, following pervanadate treatment or specific Ab cross-linking, coprecipitates a 16-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein (pp16). Immunoblotting experiments and data from TCR-zeta/Fc epsilonRIgamma double knockout mice confirm that pp16 is not TCR-zeta, TCR-eta, or Fc epsilonRIgamma. Association of pp16 with Ly-49D involves a transmembrane arginine since mutation to leucine (Ly-49D[R54L]) abolishes association with pp16 in transfected P815 cells. In addition, Ly-49D(R54L) transfectants fail to mediate Ca2+ mobilization following Ab cross-linking. Therefore, signaling through Ly49D on NK cells depends on association with a distinct tyrosine phosphoprotein (pp16) in a manner analogous to that of TCR and FcR. Expression of this novel signaling peptide in both the NK and myeloid lineages indicates that pp16 is likely involved in the signal transduction cascade of additional receptor families.
Synovial fluid macrophages and blood monocytes differ in their response to IL-4. (1993)

IL-4 has been described as a potential anti-inflammatory molecule because of its ability in vitro to down-regulate human monocyte production of proinflammatory mediators. In this study, the activity of IL-4 on mononuclear cells and CD14+ macrophages from a site of chronic inflammation, namely, the joints of patients with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, was investigated and compared directly with its activity on PBMC and monocytes from the same patients. In contrast to the response by blood monocytes, the response to IL-4 by synovial fluid cells was selective; IL-4 did not significantly suppress LPS-induced TNF-alpha production, but decreased CD14 expression to a similar extent in the two cell populations. IL-4 induction of monocyte/macrophage CD23 expression was investigated as a stimulatory response to IL-4, and although significantly increased on synovial fluid CD14+ cells by IL-4, the induction was considerably reduced compared with that measured for blood cells. Activation and differentiation in vitro of blood monocytes reduced their response to IL-4 for decreased TNF-alpha production and induction of CD23 and suggested that these biologic phenomena may contribute to the decreased responsiveness to IL-4 by synovial fluid monocytes/macrophages. Thus, IL-4 does not have the same anti-inflammatory properties in vitro on synovial fluid cells as on blood monocytes.
Detection of ultrastructural changes in genetically altered and exercised skeletal muscle using PS-OCT (2006)

Birefringence of skeletal muscle has been associated with the ultrastructure of individual sarcomeres, specifically the arrangement of A-bands corresponding to the thick myosin filaments. Murine skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) was imaged with a fiber-based PS-OCT imaging system to determine the level of birefringence present in the tissue under various conditions. In addition to muscle controls from wild-type mice, muscle from abnormal mice included: genetically-modified (<i>mdx</i>) mice which model human muscular dystrophy, transgenic mice exhibiting an overexpression of integrin (&#945;7&#946;1), and transgenic integrin (&#945;7&#946;1)knockout mice. Comparisons were also made between rested and exercised muscles to determine the effects of exercise on muscle birefringence for each of these normal and abnormal conditions. The PS-OCT images revealed that the presence of birefringence was similar in the rested muscle with dystrophy-like features (i.e., lacking the structural protein dystrophin - mdx) and in the integrin (&#945;7&#946;1)knockout muscle when compared to the normal (wild-type) control. However, exercising these abnormal muscle tissues drastically reduced the presence of birefringence detected by the PS-OCT system. The muscle exhibiting an overexpression of integrin (&#945;7&#946;1) remained heavily birefringent before and after exercise, similar to the normal (wild-type) muscle. These results suggest that there is a distinct relationship between the degree of birefringence detected using PS-OCT and the sarcomeric ultrastructure present within skeletal muscle.
Bcl-X L interacts with Apaf-1 and inhibits Apaf-1-dependent caspase-9 activation (1998)

Recent studies indicate that Caenorhabditis elegans CED-4 interacts with and promotes the activation of the death protease CED-3, and that this activation is inhibited by CED-9. Here we show that a mammalian homolog of CED-4, Apaf-1, can associate with several death proteases, including caspase-4, caspase-8, caspase-9, and nematode CED-3 in mammalian cells. The interaction with caspase-9 was mediated by the N-terminal CED-4-like domain of Apaf-1. Expression of Apaf-1 enhanced the killing activity of caspase-9 that required the CED-4-like domain of Apaf-1. Furthermore, Apaf-1 promoted the processing and activation of caspase-9 in vivo. Bcl-XL, an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, was shown to physically interact with Apaf-1 and caspase-9 in mammalian cells. The association of Apaf-1 with Bcl-XL was mediated through both its CED-4-like domain and the C-terminal domain containing WD-40 repeats. Expression of Bcl-XL inhibited the association of Apaf-1 with caspase-9 in mammalian cells. Significantly, recombinant Bcl-XL purified from Escherichia coli or insect cells inhibited Apaf-1-dependent processing of caspase-9. Furthermore, Bcl-XL failed to inhibit caspase-9 processing mediated by a constitutively active Apaf-1 mutant, suggesting that Bcl-XL regulates caspase-9 through Apaf-1. These experiments demonstrate that Bcl-XL associates with caspase-9 and Apaf-1, and show that Bcl-XL inhibits the maturation of caspase-9 mediated by Apaf-1, a process that is evolutionarily conserved from nematodes to humans.
Xylitol Affects the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolism of Daidzein in Adult Male Mice (2013)

This study examined the effects of xylitol on mouse intestinal microbiota and urinary isoflavonoids. Xylitol is classified as a sugar alcohol and used as a food additive. The intestinal microbiota seems to play an important role in isoflavone metabolism. Xylitol feeding appears to affect the gut microbiota. We hypothesized that dietary xylitol changes intestinal microbiota and, therefore, the metabolism of isoflavonoids in mice. Male mice were randomly divided into two groups: those fed a 0.05% daidzein with 5% xylitol diet (XD group) and those fed a 0.05% daidzein-containing control diet (CD group) for 28 days. Plasma total cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the XD group than in the CD group (p < 0.05). Urinary amounts of equol were significantly higher in the XD group than in the CD group (p < 0.05). The fecal lipid contents (% dry weight) were significantly greater in the XD group than in the CD group (p < 0.01). The cecal microbiota differed between the two dietary groups. The occupation ratios of Bacteroides were significantly greater in the CD than in the XD group (p < 0.05). This study suggests that xylitol has the potential to affect the metabolism of daidzein by altering the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota and/or gut environment. Given that equol affects bone health, dietary xylitol plus isoflavonoids may exert a favorable effect on bone health.
Brightly Luminescent Pt(II) Pincer Complexes with a Sterically Demanding Carboranyl-Phenylpyridine Ligand: A New Material Class for Diverse Optoelectronic Applications (2014)

A series of three Pt(II) complexes with a doubly cyclometalating terdentate ligand L1, L1H2 = 3,6-bis(p-anizolyl)-2-carboranyl-pyridine, and diethyl sulfide (1), triphenylphosphine (2), and t-butylisonitrile (3) as ancillary ligands were synthesized. X-ray diffraction studies of 1 and 2 show a coordination of the L1 ligand in a C-N-C mode in which the bulky and rigid o-carborane fragment is cyclometalated via a C atom. Importantly, no close intermolecular Pt-Pt contacts occur with this ligand type. The new Pt(II) pincer complexes display very high luminescence quantum yields at decay times of several tens of μs even in solution under ambient conditions. On the basis of the low-temperature (T = 1.3 K) emission decay behavior, the emission is assigned to a ligand centered triplet excited state (3)LC with small (1,3)MLCT admixtures. Because the phosphorescence is effectively quenched by molecular oxygen, optical sensors operating in a wide range of oxygen pressure can be developed. Owing to the very high luminescence quantum yields, the new materials might also become attractive as emitter materials for diverse optoelectronic applications.
Applying low-voltage circuit breakers in direct current systems (1995)

Low-voltage, direct current equipment in electric utility control systems, uninterruptible power systems (UPS), telecommunication systems, and elsewhere has received increasing attention in recent years. Power conditioning needs are one reason. Closer attention by regulatory agencies is another. This paper is intended to help fill a gap in available material on ratings and application characteristics of low-voltage circuit breakers in DC power systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CO2 foaming based on polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend and nanoclay (2007)

Abstract A poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and nanoclay composite was dispersed into polystyrene (PS) using a twin‐screw extruder. The mixture was then batch foamed with supercritical CO 2 . It was found that the cell density of foams based on the blend is higher than that based on the weight average of the two pure polymer components at the same foaming conditions. The cell size decreases and the cell density increases with the increase of the PMMA domain size. One explanation is that the large PMMA domains serve as a CO 2 reservoir and the nucleation in the PS phase is enhanced by the diffusion of CO 2 from the PMMA phase to the PS phase. Very small PMMA domains cannot function as a CO 2 reservoir, and so they are not able to facilitate the nucleation. A much higher cell density and smaller cell size were observed when nanoclay was located at the interface of the PMMA and the PS domains, serving as the heterogeneous nucleating agents. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:103–111, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
A special report: bone marrow transplants using volunteer donors-- recommendations and requirements for a standardized practice throughout the world--1994 update. The WMDA Executive Committee (1994)

A primary function of the World Marrow Donor Association is to establish general guidelines covering collaboration between international donor registries and practice in regard to bone marrow transplants (BMTs) in which the donor and recipient reside in different countries. To this end, a special report proposing specific recommendations and requirements was published in 1992. This paper amplifies the previous publication and gives special attention to accreditation of national "hubs" (defined as coordinating centers for each country) and donor, harvest, and transplant centers, details of the marrow harvest procedure, use of peripheral blood (PB) stem cells for allografting, and use of PB lymphoid cells for treatment of leukemia relapsing after BMT.