gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific contacts between the bacteriophage T3, T7, and SP6 RNA polymerases and their promoters. (1991)

The specificity and structural simplicity of the bacteriophage T3, T7, and SP6 RNA polymerases make these enzymes particularly well suited for studies of polymerase-promoter interactions. To understand the initial recognition process between the enzyme and its promoters, DNA fragments that carry phage promoters were chemically modified by three different methods: base methylation, phosphate ethylation, and base removal. The positions at which these modifications prevented or enhanced binding by the RNA polymerases were then determined. The results indicate that specific contacts within the major groove of the promoter between positions-5 and -12 are important for phage polymerase binding. Removal of individual bases from either strand of the initiation region (-5 to +3) resulted in enhanced binding of the polymerase, suggesting that disruption of the helix in this region may play a role in stabilization of the polymerase-promoter complexes.
Arrayed-waveguide grating passband flattening by combined phase and amplitude apodisation (2002)

We describe a novel method for arrayed-waveguide grating passband flattening based on complex aperture synthesis techniques. Typical device simulations show that Gaussian phase and amplitude exponents of 1.85 and 0.0025 respectively provide optimally flat passbands.
Cancer risk associated with simian virus 40 contaminated polio vaccine. (1999)

These data suggest that there may be an increased incidence of certain cancers among the 98 million persons exposed to contaminated polio vaccine in the U.S.; further investigations are clearly justified.
Paralytic strabismus: the role of botulinum toxin. (1985)

Five adults with acute extraocular muscle palsies followed by limited recovery of muscle function were treated with injections of botulinum toxin A to the ipsilateral antagonist of the affected muscle. Three were cases of unilateral sixth nerve palsy, one of bilateral sixth nerve palsy, and one of third nerve palsy. After a period of paralysis, during which the strabismus was overcorrected, the injected muscle recovered and binocular sensory and motor functions were restored and have been maintained for periods of up to 21 months. The treatment is a safe and effective alternative to surgery, particularly in cases in which a general anaesthetic is not advisable.
Opportunities for electron microscopy in space radiation biology. (1986)

Densely ionizing, particulate radiations in outer space are likely to cause to mammalian tissues biological damage that is particularly amenable to examination by the techniques of electron microscopy. This situation arises primarily from the fact that once the density of ionization along the particle track exceeds a certain value, small discrete lesions involving many adjacent cells may be caused in organized tissues. Tissue damage produced by ionization densities below the critical value also afford opportunities for electron microscopic evaluation, as is shown by the damage produced in optic and proximate tissues of the New Zealand white rabbit in terrestrial experiments. Late radiation sequelae in nondividing, or terminally differentiating, tissues, and in stem cell populations, are of special importance in these regards. It is probable that evaluations of the hazards posed to astronauts by galactic particulate radiations during prolonged missions in outer space will not be complete without adequate electron microscopic evaluation of the damage those radiations cause to organized tissues.
Online multiscale dynamic topic models (2010)

We propose an online topic model for sequentially analyzing the time evolution of topics in document collections. Topics naturally evolve with multiple timescales. For example, some words may be used consistently over one hundred years, while other words emerge and disappear over periods of a few days. Thus, in the proposed model, current topic-specific distributions over words are assumed to be generated based on the multiscale word distributions of the previous epoch. Considering both the long-timescale dependency as well as the short-timescale dependency yields a more robust model. We derive efficient online inference procedures based on a stochastic EM algorithm, in which the model is sequentially updated using newly obtained data; this means that past data are not required to make the inference. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of predictive performance and computational efficiency by examining collections of real documents with timestamps.
The Importance of Imprinting in the Human Placenta (2010)

As a field of study, genomic imprinting has grown rapidly in the last 20 years, with a growing figure of around 100 imprinted genes known in the mouse and approximately 50 in the human. The imprinted expression of genes may be transient and highly tissue-specific, and there are potentially hundreds of other, as yet undiscovered, imprinted transcripts. The placenta is notable amongst mammalian organs for its high and prolific expression of imprinted genes. This review discusses the development of the human placenta and focuses on the function of imprinting in this organ. Imprinting is potentially a mechanism to balance parental resource allocation and it plays an important role in growth. The placenta, as the interface between mother and fetus, is central to prenatal growth control. The expression of genes subject to parental allelic expression bias has, over the years, been shown to be essential for the normal development and physiology of the placenta. In this review we also discuss the significance of genes that lack conservation of imprinting between mice and humans, genes whose imprinted expression is often placental-specific. Finally, we illustrate the importance of imprinting in the postnatal human in terms of several human imprinting disorders, with consideration of the brain as a key organ for imprinted gene expression after birth.
Effects of AGI-1067 and Probucol After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (2003)

AGI-1067 and probucol reduce restenosis after PCI. In contrast to probucol, AGI-1067 did not cause prolongation of the QTc interval and improved lumen dimensions of reference segments, suggestive of a direct effect on atherosclerosis.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen directed selective thrombotic infarction of tumors. (2002)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a glutamyl preferring carboxypeptidase, is found in prostate and other carcinomas present on both tumor cells and associated microvascular lining cells. We find that the channel structures delineated by PSMA-expressing cells in human and rat prostate tumors are in functional continuity with the vasculature and thus form part of tumor microvasculature. The PSMA-positive cell-outlined channels are CD31 negative and mutually exclusive of CD31-positive cell-lined channels elsewhere in the tumor consistent with tumor cells adapted to a pseudoendothelial phenotype in vasculogenic mimicry. To assess the functional potential of such PSMA-lined microvasculature to selectively direct infarctive tumor therapy, we coupled the soluble extracellular domain of tissue factor to a PSMA catalytic site inhibitor to create a PSMA-directed selective tumor vascular thrombogen (STVT). This protein induced selective local in vivo infarctive necrosis of the rat Mat Lu prostate tumor when administered i.v. The combined administration of this STVT with low-dose doxorubicin produced a profound tumoricidal effect, resulting in complete eradication of some tumors. This is consistent with the therapeutic potential for a PSMA-directed STVT and expands the potential for selective infarctive ablation of tumors.
Nα-Imidazolylalkyl and Pyridylalkyl Derivatives of Histaprodifen:  Synthesis and in Vitro Evaluation of Highly Potent Histamine H1-Receptor Agonists (2003)

A novel series of N(alpha)()-imidazolylalkyl and pyridylalkyl derivatives of histaprodifen (6, 2-[2-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)imidazol-4-yl]ethanamine) was synthesized and evaluated as histamine H(1)-receptor agonists. The title compounds displayed partial agonism at contractile H(1)-receptors of guinea pig ileum and were at least equipotent with histamine. Agonist effects of the new derivatives were susceptible to blockade by the H(1)-receptor antagonist mepyramine (2-100 nM). In the imidazole series, suprahistaprodifen (51, [2-[2-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl]ethyl]-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amine, N(alpha)-2-[(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]histaprodifen) showed the highest H(1)-receptor agonist potency ever reported in the literature (pEC(50) 8.26, efficacy E(max) 96%). Elongation of the alkyl spacer from ethyl to butyl decreased activity from 3630% (ethyl, 51) to 163% (butyl, 53) of histamine potency. The exchange of the terminal imidazole nucleus for a pyridine ring resulted in compounds with comparably high potency. A decrease in agonist potency and efficacy was observed when the attachment of the alkyl spacer was consecutively changed from the ortho to the meta and the para position, respectively, of the pyridine ring. The pyridine series that contained a butyl chain possessed the highest potency and affinity. N(alpha)-[4-(2-pyridyl)butyl]histaprodifen (56) emerged as a strong partial agonist, being almost equipotent with 51 (pEC(50) 8.16, E(max) 89%). Compounds 51 and 56 also showed potent partial agonism at contractile H(1) receptors in guinea pig aorta and potently activated H(1)-receptor-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation in the rat aorta. Compounds 51-65 displayed low to moderate affinity at H(2), H(3), and M(3) receptors in functional models of guinea pig. Collectively, N(alpha)-imidazolylalkyl- and N(alpha)-pyridylalkyl-substituted histaprodifens represent a novel class of potent H(1)-receptor agonists. These compounds may be useful to define the (patho)physiological role of the H(1)-receptor and refine molecular models of H(1)-receptor activation.
Biocompatible Surfaces Using Methacryloylphosphorylcholine Laurylmethacrylate Copolymer (1994)

Many materials used in the medical device industry were not originally developed for these applications. In general, these materials elicit adverse biologic responses when in contact with body fluids such as blood, and the mechanisms of the response of blood to an artificial surface are well characterized. Protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, and activation of the coagulation pathway can subsequently lead to thrombus formation with grave clinical consequences in the absence of anticoagulant. However, the use of anticoagulants can result in complications. In recent years various approaches for overcoming these problems by improvement of the biocompatibility of materials have been advocated. One approach is that of biomembrane mimicry, whereby the surface of a material is coated with a derivative of phosphorylcholine (PC). PC is the major lipid head group component found in the outer surface of biologic cell membranes. In this paper, the application of PC coatings to a range of materials is discussed together with characterization of the surfaces using in vitro biocompatibility tests. Studies of fibrinogen and platelet binding have shown significant reductions in adsorption of these components to various PC coated materials relative to uncoated controls. Materials tested, amongst others, include PVC, polyethylene, polycarbonate, and nylon. The stability of the PC coatings has been studied using radiolabeled derivatives. Results using several materials show that physiadsorbed PC coatings are extremely stable, thus making the coatings suitable for use in a wide variety of medical applications. Extensive biologic evaluations to assess the toxicologic profile of PC derivatives and coated devices have also been carried out and in all tests the materials have been shown to be nontoxic, thus making them suitable for human use. Ex vivo animal and human studies performed support the in vitro data.
Three-dimensional shared memory fabricated using wafer stacking technology (2002)

We proposed a new three-dimensional (3D) shared memory for a high performance parallel processor system. In order to realize such new 3D shared memory, we have developed a new 3D integration technology based on the wafer stacking method. We fabricated the 3D shared memory test chip with three memory layers using our 3D integration technology. It was demonstrated that the basic memory operation and the broadcast operation of 3D shared memory are successfully performed.
An Efficient Ullmann-Type C−O Bond Formation Catalyzed by an Air-Stable Copper(I)−Bipyridyl Complex (2008)

An efficient O-arylation of phenols and aliphatic alcohols with aryl halides was developed that uses an air-stable copper(I) complex as the catalyst. This arylation reaction can be performed in good yield in the absence of Cs2CO3. A variety of functional groups are compatible with these reaction conditions with low catalyst loading levels.
<title>Combined optical and neural network fingerprint matching</title> (1997)

This paper presents results on direct optical matching of inked and real-time fingerprint images. Direct optical correlations and hybrid optical neural network correlation are used in the matching system for inked fingerprints. Preliminary results on optical matching of real-time fingerprints use optical correlation. The test samples used in the inked image experiments are the fingerprint taken from NIST database SD-9. These images, in both binary and gray level forms, are stored in a VanderLugt correlator. Tests of typical cross correlations and auto correlation sensitivity for both binary and 8 bit gray images are presented. When global correlations are tested on a second inked image results are found to be strongly influenced by plastic distortion of the finger. When the correlations are used to generate features that are localized to parts of each fingerprint and combined using a neural network classification network and separate class-by-class matching networks, 84.3 percent matching accuracy is obtained on a test set of 100,000 image pairs. Initial results with real- time images suggest that the difficulties resulting from finger deformation can be avoided by combining many different distorted images when the hologram is constructed in the correlator. Testing this process will require analysis of 10-20 second sequences of digital video.
Production of PHA depolymerase A (PhaZ5) from Paucimonas lemoignei in Bacillus subtilis (2002)

Purification of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase (EC 3.1.1.75)from Paucimonas lemoignei is complicated because the bacterium produces several isoenzymes which are difficult to separate from each other.The phaZ5 gene of P. lemoignei encoding extracellular poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase A was functionally expressed from the constitutive P43 promoter of pWB980 in a multiple proteasenegative mutant of Bacillus subtilis (strain WB800) and secreted to the culture medium.The depolymerase (apparent M r , 42 kDa; 1.9 mg purified protein per liter culture) was purified from cell-free culture fluid to homogenity by applying only one chromatography step in comparison to at least two necessary steps if poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerases are purified from P. lemoignei.The recombinant depolymerase lacked any carbohydrate content in contrast to the glycosylated depolymerase of the wild-type.Glycosylation was not essential for activity but enhanced the thermal stability of the enzyme at high temperature.Overexpression of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase in B. subtilis is more efficient than in Escherichia coli.
Acoustic characterization of monodisperse lipid-coated microbubbles: Relationship between size and shell viscoelastic properties (2014)

The acoustic attenuation spectrum of lipid-coated microbubble suspensions was measured in order to characterize the linear acoustic behavior of ultrasound contrast agents. For that purpose, microbubbles samples were generated with a very narrow size distribution by using microfluidics techniques. A performance as good as optical characterization techniques of single microbubbles was achieved using this method. Compared to polydispersions (i.e., contrast agents used clinically), monodisperse contrast agents have a narrower attenuation spectrum, which presents a maximum peak at a frequency value corresponding to the average single bubble resonance frequency. The low polydispersity index of the samples made the estimation of the lipid viscoelastic properties more accurate since, as previously reported, the shell linear parameters may change with the equilibrium bubble radius. The results showed the great advantage of dealing with monodisperse populations rather than polydisperse populations for the acoustic characterization of ultrasound contrast agents.
Reduction of .alpha.,.beta.-oxido ketones with chromous acetate. Synthesis of 3.beta.,5.beta.,17.beta.,19-tetrahydroxy-5.beta.-androstane, a degradation product of strophanthidin (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of .alpha.,.beta.-oxido ketones with chromous acetate. Synthesis of 3.beta.,5.beta.,17.beta.,19-tetrahydroxy-5.beta.-androstane, a degradation product of strophanthidinC. H. Robinson and R. HendersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 4, 565–568Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00969a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00969a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Ras effector mutant interactions with the NF1-GAP related domain. (1993)

The GTPase activating proteins Ras GAP and the neurofibromatosis-type 1 (NF1) gene product have been implicated as both potential mediators and regulators of the mitogenic effects of the ras proteins. In this study, the interactions of selected Ras effector mutants with the NF1-GAP related domain (NF1-GRD) were investigated. The NF1-GRD was unable to stimulate the GTPase of Ras[Asn33], Ras[Ser35] or Ras[Asn38], all transformation defective mutants. Each of these mutants had reduced but detectable binding to the NF1-GRD (apparent KD of 9 microM, 4 microM and 2 microM respectively, vs 0.5 microM for normal Ha-ras). The NF1-GRD was able to fully stimulate the intrinsic GTPase of the transformation-defective Ras[Gly26Ile27] and Ras[Glu45] mutants, each of which bound the NF1-GRD with wild type affinity or better (KD = 0.13 microM and 0.4 microM respectively). The transforming Ras[Glu30Lys31] protein showed no GTPase stimulation and bound most poorly to the NF1-GRD (apparent KD of 16 microM). The interaction of the NF1-GRD with these specific Ras effector mutations is similar to that observed for Ras GAP. When the relative transforming activity of the valine 12 form of each Ras mutant was plotted against the apparent KD for NF1-GRD binding, little correlation was observed. These results support the hypothesis that the NF1 gene product does not function as a downstream effector of Ras in the mitogenic pathway.
Ribosomal protein S1 and NusA protein complexed to recombination protein beta of phage lambda (1993)

The red genes of bacteriophage lambda specify two proteins, exonuclease and beta protein, which are essential for general recombination of lambda in recA cells. Earlier studies suggested that these proteins form an equimolar complex (C. M. Radding, J. Rosenweig, F. Richards, and E. Cassuto, J. Biol. Chem. 246:2510-2512, 1971). A more recent study indicated that beta protein forms a strong complex with an unknown polypeptide of 70 kDa (K. Muniyappa and C. M. Radding, J. Biol. Chem. 261:7472-7478, 1986). In the present study, in addition to the complex of beta and the 70-kDa protein, a new association of beta protein with a 65-kDa protein was observed. N-terminal sequencing identified these proteins as host-encoded ribosomal protein S1 and transcription terminator protein NusA.
Epinephrine induces platelet fibrinogen receptor expression, fibrinogen binding, and aggregation in whole blood in the absence of other excitatory agonists (1989)

The exposure of fibrinogen receptors is an early event in agonist- induced platelet activation. Previous measurements of fibrinogen binding or aggregation in platelet-rich plasma or washed platelets have failed to define whether the initial response to epinephrine results solely from a direct effect of this agonist. To address this problem, we have measured fibrinogen receptor exposure on platelets in whole blood by using flow cytometry and a fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled monoclonal antibody specific for the activated fibrinogen receptor (FITC-PAC1). We also measured platelet-bound fibrinogen with an antifibrinogen monoclonal antibody (FITC-9F9) as well as platelet aggregation in whole blood. In blood anticoagulated with citrate and in the presence of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, epinephrine (0.1 to 100 mumol/L) caused significant FITC-PAC1 binding (P less than .001) that was maximal at 10 mumol/L epinephrine. The maximal epinephrine response was one third of that observed with 10 mumol/L adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and was eliminated by yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist. Incubation of the blood with apyrase or phosphoenolpyruvate plus pyruvate kinase to remove extracellular ADP resulted in a 40% to 50% reduction in the epinephrine response. Despite this, FITC-PAC1 binding was still significant at epinephrine greater than or equal to 1 mumol/L (P less than .05). No reduction in epinephrine-induced FITC- PAC1 binding was observed in the presence of ATP alpha S, an ADP receptor antagonist; cinanserin, a serotonin antagonist; or WEB-2086, a platelet activating factor antagonist. Furthermore, addition of the thrombin inhibitors hirudin or leupeptin to citrated blood had no effect on the extent of the epinephrine response. Blood anticoagulated with hirudin also demonstrated an epinephrine response, even in the presence of apyrase. Similar results were obtained when FITC-9F9 was used to detect fibrinogen binding or when aggregation was assessed by a decrease in the number of single platelets. We conclude that epinephrine itself can induce fibrinogen receptor exposure, fibrinogen binding, and aggregation. This primary response is independent of synergistic interaction of epinephrine with traces of ADP, serotonin, platelet activating factor, or thrombin. However, such synergistic interaction with ADP present in whole blood may enhance the responses induced by epinephrine.
Typhoid fever: pathogenesis and disease (2001)

Typhoid fever is an infectious disease of global distribution. Although there is a wealth of data on Salmonella typhimurium infection in the mouse and the interaction of this serovar with human cell lines in vitro, there is a relatively small amount of data on S. typhi and the pathogenesis of typhoid fever. In this review we focus on three areas: adherence to and invasion of gut epithelial cells, dissemination to systemic sites, and survival and replication within host cells. In addition, we attempt to put current salmonella research into the context of typhoid fever.