gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IMMUNIZATION OF MICE WITH PLASMID DNA CODING FOR NcGRA7 OR NcsHSP33 CONFERS PARTIAL PROTECTION AGAINST VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF NEOSPORA CANINUM (2003)

The purpose of the present study was to use direct plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) injection to identify specific antigens that confer protection against congenital transfer of Neospora caninum. Inbred BALB/c mice were vaccinated before pregnancy with a recombinant plasmid containing sequences encoding N. caninum antigen NcGRA7 or NcsHSP33. The mice were challenged with N. caninum tachyzoites at 10-12 days of gestation. Whereas 100% of pups born from dams immunized with control plasmid contained detectable levels of N. caninum DNA in a Neospora-specific polymerase chain reaction assay, only 46% of pups from pCMVi-NcGRA7-immunized mice and 53% of pCMVi-NcsHSP33-immunized mice were N. caninum positive, and none of the mice immunized with tachyzoite extract contained N. caninum DNA. Thus, immunization of mice with plasmid DNA expressing N. caninum antigens conferred partial protection against congenital neosporosis.
Strategies for coupling digital filtering with partial least-squares regression: Application to the determination of glucose in plasma by Fourier-transform near-infrared spectroscopy (1993)

Protocols are established for coupling digital filtering techniques with partial least-squares (PLS) regression for use in constructing multivariate calibration models from Fourier transform near-infrared absorbance spectra. Calibration models are developed to predict glucose concentrations in bovine plasma samples. Employing a calibration data set of 300 spectra collected from 55 plasma samples and 3 plasma lots, individual calibration models are developed based on four spectral ranges selected from the region 5000-4000 cm-1. A separate test set of 69 spectra collected from 14 plasma samples is used to evaluate the computed models. Gaussian-shaped bandpass digital filters are implemented by use of Fourier filtering techniques and employed to preprocess spectra to remove variation due to the background absorbance of the plasma matrix. PLS regression is used with the filtered spectra to compute calibration models for glucose. The optimization of the filter bandpass parameters is explored through the use of response surface methods. Through these optimization studies, calibration models are developed that achieve standard errors of estimate and standard errors of prediction in the range 0.4-0.5 mM across the concentration range of 2.5-25.5 mM. It is determined that the use of digital filtering as a preprocessing step significantly improves the performance of the resulting calibration models, minimizes the importance of spectral range in the calibration model development, and reduces the required number of PLS factors in each model.
Paternal monoallelic expression of the paired immunoglobulin-like receptors PIR-A and PIR-B (1999)

A diverse pattern of polymorphism is defined for the paired Ig-like receptors (PIRs) that serve as activating (PIR-A) and inhibitory (PIR-B) receptors on B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and myeloid-lineage cells in mice. The monoclonal anti-PIR antibody 10.4 is shown to recognize an allelic PIR-A/PIR-B determinant on cells from BALB/c but not C57BL/6 mice. Other strains of inbred mice also can be typed on the basis of their expression of this PIR allelic determinant. Analysis of (BALB/c x C57BL/6) F1 hybrid offspring indicates that PIR molecules bearing the paternal PIR allotype are expressed whereas PIR-A and PIR-B molecules bearing the maternal allotype are not. The monoallelic expression of the polymorphic PIR-A and PIR-B molecules, and possibly of their human Ig-like transcript/leukocyte Ig-like receptor/monocyte/macrophage Ig-like receptor and killer cell inhibitory receptor relatives, may influence innate and specific immune responses in outbred populations.
Phase 2 trial of radiation plus high-dose tamoxifen for glioblastoma multiforme: RTOG protocol BR-00211 (2006)

Preclinical studies support the concept that inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) by tamoxifen (TAM) should provide both antineoplastic effects and radiosensitization. High-dose TAM (80 mg/m2 p.o. daily in divided doses) was given with and after conventional radiotherapy (XRT) to inhibit PKC-mediated signaling, which is known to be enhanced in glioblastoma (GBM). Seventy-seven patients were accrued between December 2000 and December 2001; two were ineligible and not included in the efficacy results. Pretreatment characteristics of the patients included the following: 52% were less than 60 years of age, 39% had a Zubrod score of 0, 70% had minor or no neurological symptoms, and 65% were Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-recursive partition analysis (RPA) class III and IV. Eighty-six percent of patients achieved acceptable dosing of TAM. Notable toxicity included late radiation grade 3 in two patients and thromboembolic events in 16 patients (two grade 2, 10 grade 3, three grade 4, and one grade 5), for an incidence of 20.8% (which is lower than expected, based on the literature for deep vein thrombophlebitis in GBM patients not receiving TAM). Median survival time (MST) was 9.7 months as compared (by three different statistical methodologies) to the historical GBM control database of 1457 RPA class III, IV, and V drug/XRT-treated patients. After controlling for RPA class IV, the MST was 11.3 months, which compares to the historical RPA control of 11.3 months (P = 0.37). The results obtained do not exhibit a substantial advance over those of previous studies with various XRT/drug doublets, including BCNU. However, as TAM does not have significant overlapping toxicities with most other drugs, its testing in a combined modality approach with other medications may be justified in future clinical trials. Historically, the incidence of thromboembolic events in GBM patients is approximately 30%. The lower-than-expected incidence seen here has also been observed in other high-dose TAM GBM studies. We speculate that TAM inhibited the PKC-mediated phosphorylation of coagulation factors.
Postmenopausal Evaluation and Risk Reduction With Lasofoxifene (PEARL) trial (2010)

These findings indicate that 5 years of lasofoxifene treatment result in benign endometrial changes that do not increase the risk for endometrial cancer or hyperplasia in postmenopausal women.
Targeting amyloid-β in glaucoma treatment (2007)

The development of the devastating neurodegenerative condition, Alzheimer's disease, is strongly associated with amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposition, neuronal apoptosis, and cell loss. Here, we provide evidence that implicates these same mechanisms in the retinal disease glaucoma, a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, previously associated simply with the effects of intraocular pressure. We show that Abeta colocalizes with apoptotic retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in experimental glaucoma and induces significant RGC apoptosis in vivo in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We demonstrate that targeting different components of the Abeta formation and aggregation pathway can effectively reduce glaucomatous RGC apoptosis in vivo, and finally, that combining treatments (triple therapy) is more effective than monotherapy. Our work suggests that targeting the Abeta pathway provides a therapeutic avenue in glaucoma management. Furthermore, our work demonstrates that the combination of agents affecting multiple stages in the Abeta pathway may be the most effective strategy in Abeta-related diseases.
[Temporary caval filter allowing diagnosis and fibrinolytic therapy in patients suspect of massive pulmonary embolism]. (1991)

The authors propose a therapeutic strategy enabling diagnosis, treatment and prevention in the same clinical procedure based on a series of 8 patients presenting with signs of massive pulmonary embolism (acute cardiorespiratory distress, shock, loss of consciousness, and/or cardiac arrest). A removable vena cava filter is rapidly introduced percutaneously via a brachial, femoral or jugular vein, and opened in the inferior vena cava. Using the same catheter and without a second venous puncture, pulmonary angiography and cavography are performed by digitised angiography using a small quantity of contrast medium (40 ml, 12 ml/sec). The diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism (index of pulmonary obstruction 70 to 90%) was confirmed in 6 out of the 8 cases. In 2 patients, the contrast medium passed from the right atrium into the left atrium and one of the patients developed hemiplegia. Thrombolytic drugs (rt-PA followed by Streptokinase) were injected via the same filter catheter. The dosage of rt-PA was 20 to 50 mg as a bolus followed by 50 mg in 2 hours. Streptokinase was then infused at a dose of 100,000 U/hour for an average of 36 hours (24-48 hours), followed by intravenous heparin and oral vitamin K antagonists. Two patients required blood transfusion for haemorrhage during the relay with heparin. The temporary caval filter was removed in all cases but 3 patients required a definitive filter because of the persistence of life-threatening venous thrombosis. Seven of the 8 patients survived their pulmonary embolism. This approach is rapid, saves time, and spares the patients from more invasive procedures.
Structure of saposin A lipoprotein discs (2012)

The saposins are small, membrane-active proteins that exist in both soluble and lipid-bound states. Saposin A has roles in sphingolipid catabolism and transport and is required for the breakdown of galactosylceramide by β-galactosylceramidase. In the absence of lipid, saposin A adopts a closed monomeric apo conformation typical of this family. To study a lipid-bound state of this protein, we determined the crystal structure of saposin A in the presence of detergent to 1.9 Å resolution. The structure reveals two chains of saposin A in an open conformation encapsulating 40 internally bound detergent molecules organized in a highly ordered bilayer-like hydrophobic core. The complex provides a high-resolution view of a discoidal lipoprotein particle in which all of the internalized acyl chains are resolved. Saposin A lipoprotein discs exhibit limited selectivity with respect to the incorporated lipid, and can solubilize phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol into discrete, monodisperse particles with mass of approximately 27 kDa. These discs may be the smallest possible lipoprotein structures that are stabilized by lipid self-assembly.
Broad-spectrum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Legionella soluble antigens (1986)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed which detected soluble antigens from culture extracts of Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 8, L. micdadei, L. bozemanii serogroups 1 and 2, L. dumoffii, L. gormanii, L. longbeachae serogroups 1 and 2, L. wadsworthii, L. oakridgensis, L. anisa, L. feeleii serogroup 1, and L. jordanis. The assay was approximately 10-fold more sensitive for the eight L. pneumophila serogroups than for the other Legionella species tested. The ELISA detected Legionella antigens in the urine specimens of 25 of 35 patients with L. pneumophila serogroup 1, 3, 4, 6, and 8; L. micdadei; and L. longbeachae serogroup 1 infections. None of the 334 urine specimens from patients with either non-Legionella pneumonia or urinary tract infections was positive. For 10 patients from whom sequential urine specimens were available, Legionella antigens were not detectable from 7 to 19 days after laboratory diagnosis. Test sensitivity was not affected by heavy bacterial contamination. This ELISA offers the detection of a broad spectrum of Legionella antigens by a single test.
Orientation-specific self-assembly at air-water interface using magnetic field (2011)

This paper presents a novel method, supported by numerical and statistical analysis, to achieve orientation-specific self-assembly of millimeter-scale thin silicon parts from an air-water interface. Surface functionalized silicon parts (2000×2000×100 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) are assembled in preprogrammed hydrophilic locations on a substrate with self-alignment and unique orientation by a magnetic field.
Epileptic Seizure Prediction Based on Multivariate Statistical Process Control of Heart Rate Variability Features (2015)

The proposed method can be used in daily life, because the heart rate can be measured easily by using a wearable sensor.
Evaluation of retinal susceptibility to light damage in pigmented rats supplemented with beta-carotene (1996)

The present study evaluated the influence of beta-carotene supplementation on the susceptibility of the retina to light damage. Long-Evans pigmented rats were supplemented with beta-carotene by either dietary or intraperitoneal administration, and beta-carotene levels in plasma, liver and retina were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Other animals from each group were exposed to ultraviolet-A light at a dose of 8.1 J/cm2 in their right eye only, and photoreceptor cell losses determined by light microscopic morphometry. In supplemented animals, beta-carotene levels increased markedly in the liver, and were elevated from non-detectable to detectable in the plasma and retina, relative to nonsupplemented controls. In each tissue, beta-carotene levels were found to be higher in animals receiving intraperitoneal supplementation as compared to dietary. Beta-carotene supplementation by either route did not protect the retina against photoreceptor cell loss measured at two weeks following UVA exposure. Preliminary observations indicated that beta-carotene supplementation decreased the incidence of light-induced retinal pigment epithelium destruction.
Supramolecular Structure of the Salmonella typhimurium Type III Protein Secretion System (1998)

The type III secretion system of Salmonella typhimurium directs the translocation of proteins into host cells. Evolutionarily related to the flagellar assembly machinery, this system is also present in other pathogenic bacteria, but its organization is unknown. Electron microscopy revealed supramolecular structures spanning the inner and outer membranes of flagellated and nonflagellated strains; such structures were not detected in strains carrying null mutations in components of the type III apparatus. Isolated structures were found to contain at least three proteins of this secretion system. Thus, the type III apparatus of S. typhimurium, and presumably other bacteria, exists as a supramolecular structure in the bacterial envelope.
Anisotropic stretch‐induced hypertrophy in neonatal ventricular myocytes micropatterned on deformable elastomers (2002)

Because cell shape and alignment, cell-matrix adhesion, and cell-cell contact can all affect growth, and because mechanical strains in vivo are multiaxial and anisotropic, we developed an in vitro system for engineering aligned, rod-shaped, neonatal cardiac myocyte cultures. Photolithographic and microfluidic techniques were used to micropattern extracellular matrices in parallel lines on deformable silicone elastomers. Confluent, elongated, aligned myocytes were produced by varying the micropattern line width and collagen density. An elliptical cell stretcher applied 2:1 anisotropic strain statically to the elastic substrate, with the axis of greatest stretch (10%) either parallel or transverse to the myofibrils. After 24 h, the principal strain parallel to myocytes did not significantly alter myofibril accumulation or expression of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), connexin-43 (Cx-43), or N-cadherin (by indirect immunofluorescent antibody labeling and immunoblotting) compared with unstretched controls. In contrast, 10% transverse principal strain resulted in continuous staining of actin filaments (rhodamine phalloidin); increased immunofluorescent labeling of ANF, Cx-43, and N-cadherin; and upregulation of protein signal intensity by western blotting. By using microfabrication and microfluidics to control cell shape and alignment on an elastic substrate, we found greater effects for transverse than for longitudinal stretch in regulating sarcomere organization, hypertrophy, and cell-to-cell junctions.
Memristor-based arithmetic (2010)

This paper describes strategies for performing arithmetic operations in memristor-based structures. An overview of both analog and digital approaches offered in the literature for addition and multiplication will be described. Memristor-based designs of an adder and a multiplier are presented.
Evidence that glucose can control insulin release independently from its action on ATP-sensitive K+ channels in mouse B cells. (1992)

Glucose stimulation of insulin release involves closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, depolarization, and Ca2+ influx in B cells. Mouse islets were used to investigate whether glucose can still regulate insulin release when it cannot control ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Opening of these channels by diazoxide (100-250 mumol/liter) blocked the effects of glucose on B cell membrane potential (intracellular microelectrodes), free cytosolic Ca2+ (fura-2 method), and insulin release, but it did not prevent those of high K (30 mmol/liter). K-induced insulin release in the presence of diazoxide was, however, dose dependently increased by glucose, which was already effective at concentrations (2-6 mmol/liter) that are subthreshold under normal conditions (low K and no diazoxide). This effect was not accompanied by detectable changes in B cell membrane potential. Measurements of 45Ca fluxes and cytosolic Ca2+ indicated that glucose slightly increased Ca2+ influx during the first minutes of depolarization by K, but not in the steady state when its effect on insulin release was the largest. In conclusion, there exists a mechanism by which glucose can control insulin release independently from changes in K(+)-ATP channel activity, in membrane potential, and in cytosolic Ca2+. This mechanism may serve to amplify the secretory response to the triggering signal (closure of K(+)-ATP channels--depolarization--Ca2+ influx) induced by glucose.
Taxanes in combined-modality therapy for solid tumors. (1999)

The taxanes, paclitaxel and docetaxel, are novel antimitotic agents that are under extensive investigation in clinical trials in patients with various solid tumors. The taxanes have demonstrated significant activity against many solid tumors as single agents and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, paclitaxel and docetaxel arrest cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, which is the most radiosensitive phase. Numerous clinical trials have assessed paclitaxel-based chemoradiation therapy in a variety of tumor types, including non-small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer, head and neck cancers, esophageal cancer, brain tumors, pancreatic and gastric tumors, and locally advanced breast cancer. Fewer clinical trials have assessed docetaxel plus radiation therapy in these tumor types. This review highlights recent clinical trials of the taxanes in combination with radiation therapy for solid tumors.
Replacement of the peritoneum with amnion following pelvic exenteration. (1977)

An analysis was made of 24 patients undergoing pelvic exenteration. By chance, the patients are divided into two groups, 12 having the pelvic floor treated by the traditional means and 12 in whom amniotic membranes have been used. A statistically significant shortening of the hospital stay was experienced by those in the amnion group with a total lack of intestinal complications being related to the raw surface of the pelvis. A large number of recurrent or de novo carcinomas of the vagina following carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiation are identified. Two deaths in this series were related to complications of the small intestine.
Organic Solvent Dispersions of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes:  Toward Solutions of Pristine Nanotubes (2000)

A systematic study has been performed in order to find an appropriate medium for solubilization/dispersion of pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Five solvents, all featuring high electron pair donicity (beta) and low hydrogen bond parameter (alpha) have demonstrated the ability to readily form stable dispersions. The best dispersions have been characterized by UV/visible-NIR spectra, ESR spectra, and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Tissue-specific promoter utilisation of the kallikrein-related peptidase genes,KLK5andKLK7, and cellular localisation of the encoded proteins suggest roles in exocrine pancreatic function (2007)

Abstract Tissue kallikrein (kallikrein 1) was first identified in pancreas and is the namesake of the kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) family. KLK1 and the other 14 members of the human KLK family are encoded by 15 serine protease genes clustered at chromosome 19q13.4. Our Northern blot analysis of 19 normal human tissues for expression of KLK4 to KLK15 identified pancreas as a common expression site for the gene cluster spanning KLK5 to KLK13 , as well as for KLK15 which is located adjacent to KLK1 . Consistent with previous reports detailing the ability of KLK genes to generate organ- and disease-specific transcripts, detailed molecular and in silico analyses indicated that KLK5 and KLK7 generate transcripts in pancreas variant from those in skin or ovary. Consistently, we identified in the promoters of these KLK genes motifs which conform with consensus binding sites for transcription factors conferring pancreatic expression. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed predominant localisation of KLK5 and KLK7 in acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas, suggesting roles for these enzymes in digestion. Our data also support expression patterns derived from gene duplication events in the human KLK cluster. These findings suggest that, in addition to KLK1, other related KLK enzymes will function in the exocrine pancreas.
Source coding with side information and a converse for degraded broadcast channels (1975)

Let <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{(X_i, Y_i,)\}_{i=1}^{\infty}</tex> be a memoryless correlated source with finite alphabets, and let us imagine that one person, encoder 1, observes only <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X^n = X_1,\cdots,X_n</tex> and another person, encoder 2, observes only <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y^n = Y_1,\cdots,Y_n</tex> . The encoders can produce encoding functions <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f_n(X^n)</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g_n(Y^n)</tex> respectively, which are made available to the decoder. We determine the rate region in case the decoder is interested only in knowing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y^n = Y_1,\cdots,Y_n</tex> (with small error probability). In Section H of the paper we give a characterization of the capacity region for degraded broadcast channels (DBC's), which was conjectured by Bergmans [11] and is somewhat sharper than the one obtained by Gallager [12].
In Vivo Evaluation of a Cancer Therapy Strategy Combining HSV1716-Mediated Oncolysis with Gene Transfer and Targeted Radiotherapy (2012)

These findings support a role for combination radiotherapy-gene therapy for cancer using HSV1716 expressing the NAT transgene and targeted radionuclide therapy.