gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-board processing for future satellite communications systems: Satellite-Routed FDMA (1981)

A frequency division multiple access (FDMA) 30/20 GHz satellite communications architecture without on-board baseband processing is investigated. Conceptual system designs are suggested for domestic traffic models totaling 4 Gb/s of customer premises service (CPS) traffic and 6 Gb/s of trunking traffic. Emphasis is given to the CPS portion of the system which includes thousands of earth terminals with digital traffic ranging from a single 64 kb/s voice channel to hundreds of channels of voice, data, and video with an aggregate data rate of 33 Mb/s. A unique regional design concept that effectively smooths the non-uniform traffic distribution and greatly simplifies the satellite design is employed. The satellite antenna system forms thirty-two 0.33 deg beam on both the uplinks and the downlinks in one design. In another design matched to a traffic model with more dispersed users, there are twenty-four 0.33 deg beams and twenty-one 0.7 deg beams. Detailed system design techniques show that a single satellite producing approximately 5 kW of dc power is capable of handling at least 75% of the postulated traffic. A detailed cost model of the ground segment and estimated system costs based on current information from manufacturers are presented.
Practical Minimalist Cryptography for RFID Privacy (2007)

The fear of unauthorized, hidden readouts has dominated the radio frequency identification (RFID) privacy debate. Virtually all proposed privacy mechanisms so far require consumers to actively and explicitly protect read access to their tagged items-either by jamming rogue readers or by encrypting or pseudonymizing their tags. While this approach might work well for activists and highly concerned individuals, it is unlikely (and rather undesirable) that the average consumer should be outfitted with RFID jamming devices before stepping outside, or that anyone would bother pseudonymizing every can of soda they buy with a personal PIN code. Juels' ldquominimalist cryptographyrdquo offers a simple, yet effective, identification and tracking protection based on simple ID rotation, but it requires that the corresponding mappings (i.e., from pseudonyms to real IDs) are electronically exchanged whenever a product changes hands (e.g., for buying a pack of chewing gum at a kiosk)-a rather impractical requirement. Our work extends Juels' concept in order to alleviate the need for passing ID mapping tables. Using carefully assembled sets of IDs based on the cryptographic principle of secret shares, we can create RFID tags that yield virtually no information to casual ldquohit-and-runrdquo attackers, but only reveal their true ID after continuous and undisturbed reading from up-close-something that can hardly go unnoticed by an item's owner. This paper introduces the underlying mechanism of our extension to Juels' proposal, called ldquoShamir Tag,rdquo analyzes its tracking resistance and identification performance, and discusses deployment aspects.
Measuring Cell Motility Using Quantum Dot Probes (2007)

The ability of cancer cells to migrate and metastasize is known to be directly related to tumor cell motility. Therefore, assaying the level of tumor cell motility is an excellent indicator of metastatic potential. We have developed an efficient and sensitive two-dimensional cell motility assay to image the phagokinetic uptake of colloidal CdSe/ZnS semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots [QDs]). As cells move across a thin, homogeneous layer of QDs, they engulf and uptake the nanocrystals and leave behind a fluorescent-free trail. By measuring the ratio of trail area to cell area we have discovered that it is possible to distinguish between noninvasive and invasive cancer cells lines. This technique has, therefore, the potential to be used as a rapid, robust, and quantitative in vitro measure of metastatic potential. Because the technique only relies on fluorescence detection, requires no significant data processing, and is used with live cells, it is both rapid and straightforward.
Effect of molecular weight, calcium stearate, and sterilization methods on the wear of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular cups in a hip joint simulator (1999)

Orthopaedic surgeons must currently choose from several types of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular cups that differ in their material properties and in the methods used for their sterilization. Information on the wear resistance of these different cups may help in the selection process. This study included two separate tests for wear run on a hip simulator to investigate the effect of molecular weight, calcium stearate, and sterilization methods on the wear resistance of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular cups. Test 1 revealed nearly identical wear rates for acetabular cups with molecular weights in two distinct ranges, as well as for cups with molecular weights in the same range but with or without calcium stearate added. In Test 2, cups that were sterilized in air with gamma irradiation exhibited lower rates of wear than those sterilized with ethylene oxide, presumably due to the crosslinking induced by the irradiation. In addition, cups that were irradiated while packed in a partial vacuum to minimize oxygen absorbed in the surface layer initially showed lower rates of wear than those irradiated in air, with the wear rates becoming similar as wear penetrated the more oxidized surface layer and the more crosslinked subsurface region. Because these tests were run a few months after the irradiation, the potential effects of long-term oxidation of any residual free radicals in the irradiated materials could not be taken into account. After artificial aging to accelerate oxidative degradation of the materials, the wear rates could be markedly different. Analyses performed after wear indicated that the irradiated (i.e., crosslinked) cups exhibited a smaller proportion of, as well as shorter, fibrils in the wear debris and an increased crystallinity and melting temperature and that gamma irradiation in the low-oxygen environment reduced the level of oxidation and increased the level of crosslinking in the surface region of the cups.
Purification and characterization of the major tyrosine protein kinase from the human promyelocytic cell line, HL60 (1993)

The major tyrosine protein kinase from HL60 (a human non-differentiated promyelocytic cell line) has been purified almost to homogeneity as judged by silver-stained SDS/PAGE. The procedure involved four chromatographic steps: DEAE-Sepharose, casein-agarose, cibacron-blue--agarose and hexyl-agarose. The purification resulted in more than 1000-fold enrichment in angiotensin II phosphorylation activity. A gel-sizing experiment, labeling with [35S]ATP[gamma s] and autophosphorylation of the enzyme in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP, all led to the identification of a single protein species with a molecular mass of about 40 kDa. Western blot experiments showed that this protein does not belong to the src family and is not related to the abl and fes oncogene products. Phosphorylation of angiotensin II and casein by this 40-kDa human promyelocytic kinase was stimulated by high ionic strength especially from class IA metal salts. The Km for ATP was 2 microM and the Vmax 3.1 nmol.min-1.mg-1 using angiotensin II as a substrate. The kinase requires the presence of either Mn2+ or Mg2+ for full activity and utilizes ATP or dATP but not GTP as phosphate donor. Based on numerous biochemical observations, it was possible to demonstrate that kinase is different from any other tyrosine protein kinases described in the literature. This 40-kDa protein was used as a molecular tool for testing some tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors described in the literature. It is one of the rare tyrosine protein kinases purified from human cancer cells to date.
A critical concentration of neutrophils is required for effective bacterial killing in suspension (2002)

We have examined the effect of neutrophil concentration on killing of a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Human neutrophils at concentrations varying from 10(5) to 10(7) per ml were mixed in suspension with S. epidermidis at concentrations varying from 10(3) to 10(8) colony-forming units/ml, and the concentration of viable bacteria was assayed after various times at 37 degrees C. The rate of bacterial killing depended on the concentration of neutrophils and not on the ratio of neutrophils to bacteria. Below a critical concentration of neutrophils, bacteria growth was greater than neutrophil killing of bacteria even when the ratio of neutrophils to bacteria was 100:1. We fitted the time course of bacterial concentration and its dependence on neutrophil concentration with an exponential function, the exponent of which is (-kp + g)t, where k is the second-order rate constant for bacterial killing, p is the neutrophil concentration, g is the first-order rate constant for bacterial growth, and t is time. We found that k approximately 2 x 10(-8) ml per neutrophil per min, and g approximately 8 x 10(-3)/min. Only when p is greater than g/k, which we call the critical neutrophil concentration, does the bacterial concentration fall. Under optimal assay conditions, the critical neutrophil concentration was 3-4 x 10(5) per ml, a value very close to that (< or =5 x 10(5) per ml) known to predispose humans to bacterial and fungal infections.
RETRACTED AND REPLACED: microRNA involvement in human cancer (2012)

When, ∼20 years ago, investigators first determined that components of the genome considered nonfunctional had, in fact, gene regulatory capacity, they probably had no idea of their potential in controlling cell fate and were forced to revise and somehow reorganize their view of the molecular biology. Indeed, it is currently well documented how a class of small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, are conserved among the species, expressed in different tissues and cell types and involved in almost every biological process, including cell cycle, growth, apoptosis, differentiation and stress response, exerting a finely tuned regulation of gene expression by targeting multiple molecules. As a consequence of the widespread range of processes they are able to influence, it is not surprising that miRNA deregulation is a hallmark of several pathological conditions, including cancer. Indeed, the aberrant expression of these tiny molecules in human tumors is not just a casual association, but they can exert a causal role, as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, in different steps of the tumorigenic process, from initiation and development to progression toward the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype. An increasing body of evidence has indeed proved the importance of miRNAs in cancer, suggesting their possible use as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers and leading to exploit miRNA-based anticancer therapies, either alone or in combination with current targeted therapies, with the goal to improve disease response and increase cure rates. Here, we review our current knowledge about miRNA involvement in cancer.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring does not interfere with the haemodynamic effects of sleep. (1985)

Automatic or semi-automatic blood pressure (BP) monitoring is a widely used method for assessing 24-h BP profile. However, the ability to achieve this goal depends on several factors that have not yet been controlled. The present study examined the possibility that cuff inflations disturb the sleep of patients and prevent the nocturnal fall in BP. This issue was investigated in 10 hospitalized subjects in whom BP was recorded intra-arterially for 48 h using the Oxford method. During the first or the second 24 h BP was also monitored non-invasively (Squibb ICR portable device), the cuff inflations being performed at 15 min intervals during the day and at 30 min intervals during the night. The computer analysis of the two different 24-h intra-arterial tracings showed that the addition of automatic BP monitoring had not caused any alteration in the day and night intra-arterial BP and heart rate profiles. Thus, disturbances of the haemodynamic effects of sleep do not characterize 24-h automatic BP recording, at least when made with the device employed in the present study. This removes an important objection against the ability of this approach to evaluate the patients' BP profiles properly.
Cooperative interactions between the interleukin 2 receptor alpha and beta chains alter the interleukin 2-binding affinity of the receptor subunits. (1994)

The interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor (IL-2R) is a multisubunit receptor that includes three major IL-2 binding subunits, the IL-2R alpha, beta, and gamma chains. We have detected and analyzed cooperative interactions between the IL-2R alpha and beta chains (IL-2R alpha and IL-2R beta, respectively) in COS cells transfected with cDNAs encoding the IL-2R alpha, the IL-2R beta, or both cDNAs. We demonstrated that IL-2 F42A, an analog that fails to bind to the isolated IL-2R alpha subunit and would be predicted by the hierarchical affinity-conversion model to have impaired binding to cells expressing both chains, instead readily binds to the IL-2R alpha/beta heterodimer in COS cells. Furthermore, this binding is abolished by the antibody HIEI that separates the two IL-2R subunits. The monoclonal antibodies anti-Tac and Mik-beta 1 directed at the IL-2-binding sites on IL-2R alpha and IL-2R beta, respectively, block ligand binding to the heterodimer. This binding pattern is inconsistent with the strict hierarchical affinity-conversion model that mandates an initial binding of IL-2 to IL-2R alpha followed by binding of the IL-2/IL-2R alpha complex to IL-2R beta. Instead, our results support an alternative model of preformed complexes of IL-2R beta with other IL-2R subunits. In this alternative model, IL-2R alpha and -beta exist in part as preformed complexes in which the affinity of IL-2R beta for IL-2 is altered by the proximity of IL-2R alpha, through mechanisms that do not require the prior binding of IL-2 to IL-2R alpha.
Design, Synthesis, and Binding Studies of Highly Water Soulble Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Derivatives : a DNA Major Groove Binder (2002)

A water-soluble derivative of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, 1) was synthesized by coupling NDGA with N, N-dimethylglycine in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and dimethylaminopyridine in CH2Cl2.The coupled product was further treated with HCl (g) to form tetraglycinylated NDGA 4 . HCl(G4N, 2) with 87% yield. Use of the fluorescence and the UV techniques in combination provided the apparent binding constants of G4N with WTabDNA as 5.05 X 100000 M-1 and with C98ab DNA as 8.23 X 100000 M-1, and with CT DNA as 1.31 X 1000000 M-1. Under acidic conditions, G4N showed greater binding ability. Results from experiments and computations indicate that G4N could function as a DNA major groove binder.
LPT1 Encodes a Membrane-bound O-Acyltransferase Involved in the Acylation of Lysophospholipids in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2007)

Phospholipids are major components of cellular membranes that participate in a range of cellular processes. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a key molecule in the phospholipid biosynthetic pathway. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SLC1 has been identified as the gene encoding lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, which catalyzes PA synthesis. However, despite the importance of PA, disruption of SLC1 does not affect cell viability (Nagiec, M. M., Wells, G. B., Lester, R. L., and Dickson, R. C. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 22156-22163). We originally aimed to identify the acetyl-CoA:lyso platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase (lysoPAF AT) gene in yeast. Screening of a complete set of yeast deletion clones (4741 homozygous diploid clones) revealed a single mutant strain, YOR175c, with a defect in lysoPAF AT activity. YOR175c has been predicted to be a member of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase superfamily, and we designated the gene LPT1. An Lpt1-green fluorescent protein fusion protein localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. Other than lysoPAF AT activity, Lpt1 catalyzed acyltransferase activity with a wide variety of lysophospholipids as acceptors, including lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidylinositol, and lysophosphatidylserine. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine accumulated in the Deltalpt1 mutant strain. Although the Deltalpt1 mutant strain did not show other detectable defects, the Deltalpt1 Deltaslc1 double mutant strain had a synthetic lethal phenotype. These results indicate that, in concert with Slc1, Lpt1 plays a central role in PA biosynthesis, which is essential for cell viability.
A 1 Gs/s, 10b digital-to-analog converter (2002)

At the 8b level, digital-to-analog converter (DAC) sampling rates exceeding 500 Ms/s have been reported. However, new application areas such as direct digital synthesis (DDS) and high-resolution graphics systems call for 10b to 12b linearity at sampling rates of 250 MHz and beyond. In a GaAs technology a 12b, 1 Gs/s DAC system has been implemented at the expense of a total power consumption of 3 W. This paper presents a differential DAC combining both 10b linearity with a 1 Gs/s sampling rate using only 730 mW from a single -4.5 V supply. The die is 5.0 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A phase I/II study of weekly high‐dose erlotinib in previously treated patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (2006)

Erlotinib at a dose of 2000 mg administered weekly was tolerated well by these patients with advanced NSCLC. The 5% objective response rate did not reach the stated objective at the interim efficacy analysis, prompting the closure of the study.
A surgical tendonitis model in horses: Technique, clinical, ultra-sonographic and histological characterisation (2010)

The reported surgical technique resulted in core lesions that were consistent in size and location, were readily evaluated with ultrasonography, and showed similarities with the ultrasonographic and histological progression of naturally occurring tendonitis lesions.
Solution Structure of BmP02, a New Potassium Channel Blocker from the Venom of the Chinese ScorpionButhus martensiKarsch, (2000)

BmP02 is a 28-amino acid residue peptide purified from the venom of the Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch, which had been demonstrated to be a weak blocker of apamin-sensitive calcium-activated potassium channels. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy techniques were used to determine the solution structure of BmP02. The results show that BmP02 formed a alpha/beta scorpion fold, the typical three-dimensional structure adopted by most short chain scorpion toxins whose structures have been determined. However, in BmP02 this alpha/beta fold was largely distorted. The alpha-helix was shortened to only one turn, and the loop connecting the helix to the first beta-strand exhibited conformational heterogeneity. The instability of BmP02 could be attributed to a proline at position 17, which is usually a glycine. Because the residue at this position makes intense contact with the alpha-helix, it was supposed that the bulky side chain of proline had pushed the helix away from the beta-sheet. This had a significant influence on the structure and function of BmP02. The alpha-helix rotated by about 40 degrees to avoid Pro17 while forming two disulfides with the second beta-strand. The rotation further caused both ends of the helix to be unwound due to covalent restrictions. According to its structure, BmP02 was supposed to interact with its target via the side chains of Lys11 and Lys13.
High efficiency video coding: the next frontier in video compression [Standards in a Nutshell] (2012)

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is a new video compression standard developed jointly by ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) through their Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC). The first version of HEVC will be finalized by the JCT-VC in January 2013. The HEVC project was launched to achieve major savings-e.g., reduction by about half for 1,280 × 720 high-definition (HD) and higher-resolution progressives can video-for equivalent visual quality relative to the bit rate needed by the widely used H.264/ MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard. For high resolution video where such additional compression is most urgently required, implementations of the current draft standard are already meeting or exceeding the targeted goal. We review the architecture and building blocks of HEVC, which were carefully selected with regard to compression capability versus complexity and to enable parallelism for the signal processing operations. Given the benefits that HEVC provides, it is likely to become the new primary reference for video compression.
Where Is This Tweet From? Inferring Home Locations of Twitter Users (2021)

We present a new algorithm for inferring the home locations of Twitter users at different granularities, such as city, state, or time zone, using the content of their tweets and their tweeting behavior. Unlike existing approaches, our algorithm uses an ensemble of statistical and heuristic classifiers to predict locations. We find that a hierarchical classification approach can improve prediction accuracy. Experimental evidence suggests that our algorithm works well in practice and outperforms the best existing algorithms for predicting the location of Twitter users.
FMS (CSF-1 receptor) and CSF-1 transcripts and protein are expressed by human breast carcinomas in vivo and in vitro. (1991)

The expression in vivo of FMS transcripts and antigen by neoplastic epithelial cells was demonstrated immunohistochemically or by in situ hybridization in sixteen of seventeen human breast carcinoma specimens and one case of sclerosing adenosis. Expression of CSF-1 receptor (FMS) transcripts and protein was also observed in vitro in two or three breast carcinoma-derived cell lines and was dramatically increased by dexamethasone, a potent glucocorticoid and inducer of mammary epithelial cell differentiation. Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-CSF-1 antibody identified neoplastic epithelial cell co-expression of fms and CSF-1 antigens in more than one-third of the fms-positive invasive carcinoma specimens. These results suggest that autocrine and paracrine interactions of the lymphohematopoietic cytokine CSF-1 and its receptor may participate in the biology of human mammary neoplasms.
Endothelium-dependent Vasodilation in Hypertension: A Review (2000)

Using both in vitro and in vivo techniques, it has repeatedly been shown that endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) is impaired in different forms of experimental hypertension (SHR, Dahl salt-sensitive rat, DOCA-salt rat and renovascular hypertension). EDV has also been found to be impaired in primary, as well as in secondary forms of human hypertension. Although impaired EDV is a general finding in hypertension, the pathophysiological mechanisms might differ between different forms of hypertension and between different types of vessels and vascular beds. Impaired activity of nitric oxide synthase, increased release of endothelin-1, increased production of a prostanoid-derived contracting factor, decreased generation of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor/s and impairment caused by superoxide ions have all been shown to contribute to the impairment of EDV during different conditions. While most antihypertensive treatments improve EDV in experimental hypertension, no uniform picture has been seen in human hypertension, possibly because different antihypertensive drugs have different direct actions on EDV. This review shows that while impaired EDV has been found to be a general feature of hypertension, the mechanisms involved and the therapeutic opportunities have still to be established.