gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping of three carbohydrate attachment sites in embryonic and adult forms of the neural cell adhesion molecule. (1984)

The sialic-rich carbohydrate moiety of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) undergoes major structural changes during development and plays a significant role in altering the homophilic binding of the molecule. In order to understand the mechanism of these changes, a cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragment that contained 90% of the sialic acid of N-CAM was isolated and characterized according to the number of carbohydrate attachment sites and reactivity with specific monoclonal antibodies. The CNBr sialopeptide migrated on SDS PAGE as a broad zone of Mr 42,000-60,000. Upon treatment with neuraminidase, it was converted to a single component of Mr 42,000, and subsequent, limited treatment with endoglycosidase F gave four evenly spaced components of Mr 35,000-42,000, suggesting that it contained three attachment sites for N-linked oligosaccharides. The fragment reacted with monoclonal antibody 15G8, which detects the sialic acid in embryonic N-CAM, and with a monoclonal antibody, anti-(N-CAM) No. 2. Treatment with neuraminidase or with endoglycosidase F destroyed reactivity with 15G8 but not with anti-(N-CAM) No. 2. A similar CNBr sialopeptide was obtained from adult N-CAM; it contained sialic acid, had three N-linked oligosaccharides and reacted with anti-(N-CAM) No. 2 but not with 15G8 monoclonal antibodies. A peptide fragment, Fr2, comprising the NH2 terminal and middle regions of the molecule yielded a CNBr fragment closely similar to the fragment obtained from the whole molecule. The CNBr fragment from Fr2 reacted with monoclonal antibody anti-(N-CAM) No. 2. Fr1, comprising the NH2 terminal region alone, failed to react. These data confirm that the majority of the sialic acid is localized in the middle region of the N-CAM molecule and support the hypothesis that embryonic to adult conversion of N-CAM is the result of differences in sialidase or sialytransferase activity.
Molecular parameters and their relation to the adhesive performance of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (2001)

Model acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) based on poly(2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate-stat-acrylic acid) and poly(n-butyl acrylate-stat-acrylic acid) at 97.5/2.5 wt % were synthesized using semicontinuous emulsion and solution polymerizations. Microgels formed in the lattices retained their discrete network morphology in the film. In contrast, acrylic solution was essentially gel free and crosslinking in the film was provided by the reaction of acrylic acid and post added Al Acetyl Acetonate after solvent evaporation, which led to continuous network morphology. The difference in film network morphology caused significantly lower shear holding power for the film from emulsion PSA compared with that of solvent-borne film. Unlike shear holding power, loop tack and peel of acrylic PSAs were mainly controlled by the same sol/gel molecular parameters, regardless of emulsion or solution PSAs. The important molecular parameters are sol-to-gel ratio, entanglement molecular weight, weight average molecular weight, and to a lesser extent, glass transition temperature. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2230–2244, 2001
Endotoxins and Other Sepsis Triggers (2010)

Endotoxin, or more accurately termed bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is recognized as the most potent microbial mediator implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock. Yet despite its discovery well over a century ago, the fundamental role of circulating endotoxin in the blood of most patients with septic shock remains enigmatic and a subject of considerable controversy. LPS is the most prominent 'alarm molecule' sensed by the host's early warning system of innate immunity presaging the threat of invasion of the internal milieu by Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. In small doses within a localized tissue space, LPS signaling is advantageous to the host in orchestrating an appropriate antimicrobial defense and bacterial clearance mechanisms. Conversely, the sudden release of large quantities of LPS into the bloodstream is clearly deleterious to the host, initiating the release of a dysregulated and potentially lethal array of inflammatory mediators and procoagulant factors in the systemic circulation. The massive host response to this single bacterial pattern recognition molecule is sufficient to generate diffuse endothelial injury, tissue hypoperfusion, disseminated intravascular coagulation and refractory shock. Numerous attempts to block endotoxin activity in clinical trials with septic patients have met with inconsistent and largely negative results. Yet the groundbreaking discoveries within the past decade into the precise molecular basis for LPS-mediated cellular activation and tissue injury has rekindled optimism that a new generation of therapies that specifically disrupt LPS signaling might succeed. Other microbial mediators found in Gram-positive bacterial and viral and fungal pathogens are now appreciated to activate many of the same host defense networks induced by LPS. This information is providing novel interventions in the continuing effots to improve the care of septic patients.
Development of Remdesivir as a Dry Powder for Inhalation by Thin Film Freezing (2020)

Remdesivir exhibits in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 and was granted approval for emergency use. To maximize delivery to the lungs, we formulated remdesivir as a dry powder for inhalation using thin film freezing (TFF). TFF produces brittle matrix nanostructured aggregates that are sheared into respirable low-density microparticles upon aerosolization from a passive dry powder inhaler. In vitro aerodynamic testing demonstrated that drug loading and excipient type affected the aerosol performance of remdesivir. Remdesivir combined with optimal excipients exhibited desirable aerosol performance (up to 93.0% FPF<sub><</sub> <sub>5</sub> <sub>µ</sub><sub>m</sub>; 0.82 µm mass median aerodynamic diameter). Remdesivir was amorphous after the TFF process, which benefitted drug dissolution in simulated lung fluid. TFF remdesivir formulations are stable after one month of storage at 25 °C/60% relative humidity. An in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation showed that TFF remdesivir-leucine was poorly absorbed into systemic circulation while TFF remdesivir-Captisol<sup>®</sup> demonstrated increased systemic uptake compared to leucine. Remdesivir was hydrolyzed to the nucleoside analog GS-441524 in the lung, and levels of GS-441524 were greater in the lung with leucine formulation compared to Captisol<sup>®</sup>. In conclusion, TFF technology produces high-potency remdesivir dry powder formulations for inhalation that are suitable to treat patients with COVID-19 on an outpatient basis and earlier in the disease course where effective antiviral therapy can reduce related morbidity and mortality.
Structure of the VH and VL segments of polyreactive and monoreactive human natural antibodies to HIV-1 and Escherichia coli β-galactosidase (1993)

B lymphocytes committed to the production of antibodies binding to antigens on pathogenic bacteria and viruses (natural antibodies) are common components of the normal human B cell repertoire. A major proportion of natural antibodies is capable of binding multiple antigens (polyreactive antibodies). Using B cells from three HIV-1 seronegative healthy subjects, and purified HIV-1 and beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli as selecting antigen, we generated three natural IgM mAb to HIV-1 and a natural IgM mAb to beta-galactosidase. The three HIV-1-selected antibodies (mAb102, mAb103, and mAb104) were polyreactive. They bound with different affinities (Kd = 10(-6) to 10(-8) M) to the HIV-1 envelope gp160, the p24 core protein, and the p66 reverse transcriptase, but not to the 120 glycosylated env protein. They also bound to beta-galactosidase (Kd approximately 10(-7) M), tetanus toxoid, and various various self antigens. In contrast, the natural mAb selected for binding to beta-galactosidase (mAb207.F1) was monoreactive, in that it bound with a high affinity (Kd < 10(-8) M) to this antigen, but to none of the other antigens tested, including HIV-1. Structural analysis of the VH and VL segments revealed that the natural mAb utilized three segments of the VHIV gene family and one of the VHIII family, in conjunction with VL segments of the V lambda I, V lambda II, V lambda III, or V kappa IV subgroups. In addition, the natural mAb VH and VL segments were in unmutated or virtually unmutated (germline) configuration, including those of the monoreactive mAb207.F1 to beta-galactosidase, and were identical or closely related to those utilized by specific autoantibodies or specific antibodies to viral and/or bacterial pathogens. Thus, the present data show that both polyreactive and monoreactive natural antibodies to foreign antigen can be isolated from the normal human B cell repertoire. They also suggest that the VH and VL segments of not only polyreactive but also monoreactive natural antibodies can be encoded in unmutated or minimally mutated genes, and possibly provide the templates for the specific high affinity antibodies elicited by self or foreign antigens.
Major histocompatibility complex-restricted antibody reactivity mainly, but not exclusively, directed against cells from male donors. (1979)

An IgM antibody, present in the serum of a female patient with aplastic anemia, is described that reacted in a modified complement-dependent cytotoxicity test with a subset of the B cells from HLA-A2-positive, but not HLA-A2-negative males. With the exception of two HLA-A2 positive females, the antibody did not react with other cells from either HLA-A2-positive or HLA-2-negative females. The cells of one of these and from HLA-A2-positive males were able to absorb the antibody from the serum. Cells from other donors were unable to absorb the antibodies. The mononuclear cells of the same patient were cytolytic in cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) for phytohemagglutinin blasts from all HLA-A2-positive males and one of the females reacting with antibody, but not with blasts from HLA-A2-negative males and all other females. Thus, the results obtained with the antibody in the complement-dependent cytotoxicity test showed an almost perfect correlation with cytolysis in CML tests. These results suggest that the IgM antibody may be the first example with major histocompatibility complex restriction. Because the antibody reacted with the cells from two female donors, the restricting determinant is not, in all probability, the H-Y determinant.
A Novel and General α‐Regioselective and Highly Enantioselective Prenylation of Aldehydes. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lymphocyte‐dependent antibodies to antigen 3.1, a cell‐surface antigen expressed by a subgroup of human melanomas (1981)

Previous work from our laboratory has led to the isolation of a monoclonal IgG2a mouse antibody, 3.2, which is specific for an antigen, 3.1, that is strongest expressed by a group of human melanomas. We have no demonstrated that this antibody can mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to human melanoma cells expressing antigen 3., and that lymphocytes from human peripheral blood can be used as the source of K cells. A monoclonal IgG1 antibody, 3.1, to the same determinant of antigen 3.1 gave only weak and inconsistent ADCC.
Regulation of β-Sheet Structures within Amyloid-Like β-Sheet Assemblage from Tripeptide Derivatives (1998)

N-(11-Trimethylammonioundecanoyl)-O,O‘-didodecyl tripeptide bromides and N-(11-trimethylammonioundecanyl)-O-dodecyl tripeptide bromides formed a parallel β-sheet structure when they aggregated in water and in CCl4. The parallel β-sheet was distinguished from the antiparallel counterpart by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy because the former lacks a weak band at about 1690 cm-1 that is characteristic for the latter. The FT-IR spectra of the aggregate in CCl4 remained unchanged if the solution was diluted to 0.01 mM, condensed to dryness, or heated to 60 °C, and hence, the β-sheet was easily formed and thermodynamically stable. The parallel β-sheet was also possible to transform into an antiparallel β-sheet, for example, by mixing with another tripeptide-containing amphiphile whose tripeptide part had an opposite direction. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) pictures revealed that the aggregate in CCl4 is a bundle of small filaments whose diameters are 70−80 Å. Developed interpeptide hydrogen bonding should be formed along the long axis of the filament. The morphological structures and stable peptide arrangements of the present assemblages are similar to those of the amyloid fiber whose accumulation causes fatal diseases.
Gene expression profile of human trabecular meshwork cells in response to long-term dexamethasone exposure. (2006)

Expression changes in trabecular meshwork cells in response to dexamethasone treatment indicate that a group of actins and actin-associated proteins are involved in the development of cross-linked actin networks that form in response to dexamethasone. A trend was identified toward decreased expression of protease genes accompanied by an increased expression of protease inhibitors. Such a trend in nonproteasomal proteolysis conceivably affects gene product levels above the level of transcription. Only two genes, MYOC and IGFBP2, showed significantly elevated expression after dexamethasone treatment in our study and the other three previously published reports of primary culture trabecular meshwork cell gene expression.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene-deficient mice. I. Generation by homologous recombination and characterization. (1993)

Homozygous plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)-deficient (PAI-1-/-) mice were generated by homologous recombination in D3 embryonic stem cells. Deletion of the genomic sequences encompassing the transcription initiation site and the entire coding regions of murine PAI-1 was demonstrated by Southern blot analysis. A 3.0-kb PAI-1-specific mRNA was identified by Northern blot analysis in liver from PAI-1 wild type (PAI-1+/+) but not from PAI-1-/- mice. Plasma PAI-1 levels, measured 2-4 h after endotoxin (2.0 mg/kg) injection were 63 +/- 2 ng/ml, 30 +/- 10 ng/ml, and undetectable (< 2 ng/ml) in PAI-1+/+, heterozygous (PAI-1+/-) and PAI-1-/- mice, respectively (mean +/- SEM, n = 4-11). PAI-1-specific immunoreactivity was demonstrable in kidneys of PAI-1+/+ but not of PAI-1-/- mice. SDS-gel electrophoresis of plasma incubated with 125I-labeled recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator revealed an approximately 115,000-M(r) component with plasma from endotoxin-stimulated (0.5 mg/kg) PAI-1+/+ but not from PAI-1-/- mice, which could be precipitated with a polyclonal anti-PAI-1 antiserum. PAI-1-/- mice were viable, produced similar sizes of litters as PAI-1+/+ mice, and showed no apparent macroscopic or microscopic histological abnormalities.
Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of amygdala and other subcortical brain regions in adolescents with bipolar disorder (2004)

Our findings indicate that adolescents with bipolar disorder exhibit abnormalities in some of the brain regions that are thought to be involved in the regulation of mood. Additional structural and functional neuroimaging investigations of children, adolescents, and adults with bipolar disorder are necessary to clarify the role of these brain regions in the neurophysiology of adolescent bipolar disorder.
Hsp90 Potentiates the Rapid Evolution of New Traits: Drug Resistance in Diverse Fungi (2005)

Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone for many signal transducers and may influence evolution by releasing previously silent genetic variation in response to environmental change. In fungi separated by approximately 800 million years of evolution, Hsp90 potentiated the evolution of drug resistance in a different way, by enabling new mutations to have immediate phenotypic consequences. Resistance was abrogated by Hsp90 inhibitors and by febrile temperatures, suggesting new therapeutic strategies and a clinical benefit of fever. During selection in a human host, drug resistance that was initially Hsp90-dependent evolved toward independence. Thus, Hsp90 can act in diverse ways to couple environmental contingency to the emergence and fixation of new traits.
Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for Sentiment Analysis Toward Tourism Review in Indonesia (2017)

The tourism industry is one of foreign exchange sector, which has considerable potential development in Indonesia. Compared to other Southeast Asia countries such as Malaysia with 18 million tourists and Singapore 20 million tourists, Indonesia which is the largest Southeast Asia's country have failed to attract higher tourist numbers compared to its regional peers. Indonesia only managed to attract 8,8 million foreign tourists in 2013, with the value of foreign tourists each year which is likely to decrease. Apart from the infrastructure problems, marketing and managing also form of obstacles for tourism growth. An evaluation and self-analysis should be done by the stakeholder to respond toward this problem and capture opportunities that related to tourism satisfaction from tourists review. Recently, one of technology to answer this problem only relying on the subjective of statistical data which collected by voting or grading from user randomly. So the result is still not to be accountable. Thus, we proposed sentiment analysis with probabilistic topic model using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method to be applied for reading general tendency from tourist review into certain topics that can be classified toward positive and negative sentiment.
Microbial oxidation of chloroaromatics in the enantiodivergent synthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids: trihydroxyheliotridanes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrobial oxidation of chloroaromatics in the enantiodivergent synthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids: trihydroxyheliotridanesTomas Hudlicky, Hector Luna, John D. Price, and Fan RulinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 15, 4683–4687Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00302a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00302a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views896Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Interfacial phenomena and bioproducts (1996)

Introduction: the role of interfacial phenomena in biothecnology - an overview. Modern theory and methods: proteins at interfaces: principles, problems, and potential surfaces in biology and biomaterials - description and characterization physicsof solid surfaces thermodynamics of protein adsorption theoretical models for polymer adsorption statistical mechanics of protein adsorption transport and adsorption of cells and proteins at interfaces spectroscopic and other techniques for studyingadsorption of bioproducts at interfaces some methodological aspects of the wettability gradient method. Applications and current research: bioactive peptides and surface design immobilized enzymes and cells cell culturing: surface aspects andconsiderations protein on the surfaces of food emulsions: adsorption, structure, and emulsion stability cell surface interactions: the blood platelet as paradigm.
Qualitative and Quantitative Genotyping Using Single Base Primer Extension Coupled with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MassARRAY®) (2009)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has developed over the past decade into a versatile tool for the analysis of nucleic acids and especially as a reliable genotyping platform. This chapter summarizes its use in the context of the most widely used MALDI-TOF MS genomics platform, the Sequenom MassARRAY system. MassARRAY genotyping is based upon region-specific PCR followed by allele-specific single base primer extension reactions which are then desalted, dispensed onto a silica array preloaded with matrix, and the genotyping products are resolved on the basis of mass using MALDI-TOF MS. The platform is versatile in that it can resolve multiplexed reactions (40+ separate loci per reaction), acquires and interprets data quickly, gives a quantitative output which reflects the amount of product generated for each allele within an assay for multiplexed reactions, and is highly sensitive. These characteristics coupled with integrated software for sequence annotation, assay design, data interpretation, and data storage have lead to its wide adoption and use for multiple nucleic acid analysis applications in both the realm of genomics research and molecular diagnostics.
HMGA Proteins in Stemness and Differentiation of Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells (2020)

HMGA1 and HMGA2 are chromatin architectural proteins that do not have transcriptional activity per se, but are able to modify chromatin structure by interacting with the transcriptional machinery and thus negatively or positively regulate the transcription of several genes. They have been extensively studied in cancer where they are often found to be overexpressed but their functions under physiologic conditions have still not been completely addressed. <i>Hmga1</i> and <i>Hmga2</i> are expressed during the early stages of mouse development, whereas they are not detectable in most adult tissues. <i>Hmga</i> overexpression or knockout studies in mouse have pointed to a key function in the development of the embryo and of various tissues. HMGA proteins are expressed in embryonic stem cells and in some adult stem cells and numerous experimental data have indicated that they play a fundamental role in the maintenance of stemness and in the regulation of differentiation. In this review, we discuss available experimental data on HMGA1 and HMGA2 functions in governing embryonic and adult stem cell fate. Moreover, based on the available evidence, we will aim to outline how HMGA expression is regulated in different contexts and how these two proteins contribute to the regulation of gene expression and chromatin architecture in stem cells.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin-mediated iron traffic in kidney epithelia (2006)

NGAL is rapidly and massively induced in renal epithelial injury and NGAL: siderophore: iron complexes may comprise a physiological renoprotective mechanism. The data have implications for the diagnosis and treatment of acute renal injury.
Better management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest increases survival rate and improves neurological outcome in the Swiss Canton Ticino (2015)

The significant increase in Utstein comparator survival rates and improved neurological outcome in OHCA victims in Canton Ticino are the result of an effective OHCA management programme which includes large-scale public education, a coordinated fast EMS response, high density of external defibrillators, and advances in clinical interventions for OHCAs.