gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Commercially Available Preservatives for Laboratory Detection of Helminths and Protozoa in Human Fecal Specimens (2000)

Formalin and mercuric chloride-based low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol (LV-PVA) are widely used by most diagnostic parasitology laboratories for preservation of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts and trophozoites in fecal specimens. Concerns about the toxicity of formalin and the difficulty of disposal of LV-PVA are powerful incentives to use alternate preservatives. Such alternatives have been marketed by several companies and are often presented as one-vial, non-mercuric chloride fixatives that aim at performing the same role as formalin and PVA combined. We compared five, one-vial commercial preservatives, two from Meridian Diagnostics, Inc. (Ecofix and sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin), and one each from Scientific Device Laboratories, Inc. (Parasafe), Alpha Tec Systems, Inc. (Proto-fix), and Streck Laboratories, Inc. (STF), with 10% formalin and LV-PVA. Fecal specimens obtained from patients in a Brazilian hospital were aliquoted within 12 h of collection into the seven preservatives mentioned above and were processed after 1 month at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Direct and concentrated permanent smears as well as concentrates for 20 positive specimens (a total of 259 processed samples) were prepared, stained according to the manufacturers' instructions, examined, and graded. Positive specimens contained one or more parasites with stages consisting of eggs, larvae, cysts, and a few trophozoites of Giardia intestinalis. Criteria for assessment of the preservatives included the quality of the diagnostic characteristics of helminth eggs, protozoan cysts, and trophozoites, ease of use, and cost. Acceptable alternatives to formalin for wet preparations were found. Ecofix was found to be comparable to the traditional "gold standard" LV-PVA for the visualization of protozoa in permanent stained smears. This study suggests that more acceptable alternatives to the traditional formalin and LV-PVA exist.
Novel Chalcone Derivatives as Potent Nrf2 Activators in Mice and Human Lung Epithelial Cells (2011)

Nrf2-mediated activation of antioxidant response element is a central part of molecular mechanisms governing the protective function of phase II detoxification and antioxidant enzymes against carcinogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Nrf2 is sequestered in the cytoplasm by its repressor, Keap1. We have designed and synthesized novel chalcone derivatives as Nrf2 activators. The potency of these compounds was measured by the expression of Nrf2 dependent antioxidant genes GCLM, NQO1, and HO1 in human lung epithelial cells, while the cytotoxicity was analyzed using MTT assay. In vivo potency of identified lead compounds to activate Nrf2 was evaluated using a mouse model. Our studies showed 2-trifluoromethyl-2'-methoxychalone (2b) to be a potent activator of Nrf2, both in vitro and in mice. Additional experiments showed that the activation of Nrf2 by this compound is independent of reactive oxygen species or redox changes. We have discussed a quantitative structure-activity relationship and proposed a possible mechanism of Nrf2 activation.
Sulfopeptide Probes of the CXCR4/CXCL12 Interface Reveal Oligomer-Specific Contacts and Chemokine Allostery (2013)

Tyrosine sulfation is a post-translational modification that enhances protein-protein interactions and may identify druggable sites in the extracellular space. The G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 is a prototypical example with three potential sulfation sites at positions 7, 12, and 21. Each receptor sulfotyrosine participates in specific contacts with its chemokine ligand in the structure of a soluble, dimeric CXCL12:CXCR4(1-38) complex, but their relative importance for CXCR4 binding and activation by the monomeric chemokine remains undefined. NMR titrations with short sulfopeptides showed that the tyrosine motifs of CXCR4 varied widely in their contributions to CXCL12 binding affinity and site specificity. Whereas the Tyr21 sulfopeptide bound the same site as in previously solved structures, the Tyr7 and Tyr12 sulfopeptides interacted nonspecifically. Surprisingly, the unsulfated Tyr7 peptide occupied a hydrophobic site on the CXCL12 monomer that is inaccessible in the CXCL12 dimer. Functional analysis of CXCR4 mutants validated the relative importance of individual CXCR4 sulfotyrosine modifications (Tyr21 > Tyr12 > Tyr7) for CXCL12 binding and receptor activation. Biophysical measurements also revealed a cooperative relationship between sulfopeptide binding at the Tyr21 site and CXCL12 dimerization, the first example of allosteric behavior in a chemokine. Future ligands that occupy the sTyr21 recognition site may act as both competitive inhibitors of receptor binding and allosteric modulators of chemokine function. Together, our data suggests that sulfation does not ubiquitously enhance complex affinity and that distinct patterns of tyrosine sulfation could encode oligomer selectivity, implying another layer of regulation for chemokine signaling.
A yeast mitochondrial leader peptide functions in vivo as a dual targeting signal for both chloroplasts and mitochondria. (1990)

A fusion protein was expressed in transgenic tobacco and yeast cells to examine the functional conservation of mechanisms for importing precursor proteins from the cytosol into mitochondria and chloroplasts. The test protein consisted of the mitochondrial leader peptide from the yeast precursor to cytochrome oxidase subunit Va (prC5) fused to the reporter protein chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. This protein, denoted prC5/CAT, was transported into the mitochondrial interior in yeast and tobacco cells. In both organisms, the mitochondrial form of prC5/CAT was smaller than the primary translation product, suggesting that proteolytic processing occurred during the transport process. prC5/CAT also was translocated into chloroplasts in vivo, accumulating to approximately the same levels as in plant mitochondria. However, accumulation of prC5/CAT in chloroplasts relative to mitochondria varied with the conditions under which plants were grown. The chloroplast form of prC5/CAT also appeared to have been proteolytically processed, yielding a mature protein of the same apparent size as that seen in mitochondria of either tobacco or yeast. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase lacking a mitochondrial targeting peptide did not associate with either chloroplasts or mitochondria. The results demonstrated that in plant cells a single leader peptide can interact functionally with the protein translocation systems of both chloroplasts and mitochondria, and raised the possibility that certain native proteins might be shared between these two organelles.
ChemInform Abstract: Type I Polyketide Biosynthesis in Bacteria (Part B) (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Star Polymers (2016)

Recent advances in controlled/living polymerization techniques and highly efficient coupling chemistries have enabled the facile synthesis of complex polymer architectures with controlled dimensions and functionality. As an example, star polymers consist of many linear polymers fused at a central point with a large number of chain end functionalities. Owing to this exclusive structure, star polymers exhibit some remarkable characteristics and properties unattainable by simple linear polymers. Hence, they constitute a unique class of technologically important nanomaterials that have been utilized or are currently under audition for many applications in life sciences and nanotechnologies. This article first provides a comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies towards star polymers, then reviews the latest developments in the synthesis and characterization methods of star macromolecules, and lastly outlines emerging applications and current commercial use of star-shaped polymers. The aim of this work is to promote star polymer research, generate new avenues of scientific investigation, and provide contemporary perspectives on chemical innovation that may expedite the commercialization of new star nanomaterials. We envision in the not-too-distant future star polymers will play an increasingly important role in materials science and nanotechnology in both academic and industrial settings.
Performance comparison of HARQ with Chase combining and incremental redundancy for HSDPA (2002)

We compare two hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) combining strategies that currently are considered for the high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) evolution of WCDMA. The two HARQ combining schemes are Chase combining, where the retransmissions are identical copies of the original transmission, and incremental redundancy (IR), where the retransmissions consist of new parity bits from the channel encoder. We show that the link-level performance of a HARQ type-II system can be significantly better with IR compared to Chase combining. The largest gains are obtained for high channel-coding rates and high modulation orders. For low modulation and coding schemes (MCS), the link-level performance gains with IR are less significant. We further show that in a system that uses link adaptation we can not expect any large gains with IR as long as the link adaptation errors are reasonably small. Furthermore, we show that on fading channels there are situations when an IR system actually performs poorer than a Chase combining system.
Antifungal activity of 2-phenylethanol and levomenthol against molds from indoor air and damp dwellings (2007)

Molds are widespread microbes which could be found in indoor and outdoor environment. They have been recognized as possible causative agents of the indirect (noninfectious) pathologic changes in humans. Possible mechanisms of these pathologic events include immune (IgE)-mediated (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma), toxic (mucosal irritation) and carcinogenic (mycotoxins) mechanisms [1]. Prevention of those toxic effects includes decrease and elimination of molds conidia (in air) and mycelium (in walls) in indoor environment using fungicides, and mechanical methods, as well as heating/moisture control. Since some chemical fungicides exert adverse effects, the aim of presented study was to evaluate antifungal activity of low-molecular-weight natural metabolites from the class of alcohols: 2-phenyl-ethanol (2-PE) and levomenthol (LM) using serial broth twofold dilution assay [2] and vaporous microathmospheric contact assay [3] against twenty-two allergenic and/or toxigenic strains of ten mold species (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Absidia, Chaetomium, and Trichoderma) isolated from indoor air and from damp dwellings. 2-PE inhibited growth of molds with MIC values between 0.65 and 7.67mg/mL, and LM between 0.78 and 13.21mg/mL. Also, 2-PE exhibited stronger antifungal activity against Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. (MICmean 7.67±4.04mg/mL; 5.78±4.41mg/mL, respectively) than LM (MICmean 13.21±10.06mg/mL; 13.20±10.17mg/mL, respectively). The most sensitive were Chaetomium globosum and Absidia spp. for which MICs of 2-PE were below 2.6mg/mL. In addition, 2-PE exhibited stronger activity with significantly lower MIC values against all tested molds, comparing to LM (MICmean 2-PE 5.59±4.32mg/mL; MICmean LM 10.15±9.98mg/mL, p<0.05). Contrary to the results of the dilution assay, a vaporous microathmospheric contact assay showed that 2-PE was less effective (inhibition of mycelium development in 5mg/100cm3) than LM (inhibition of mycelium development in 0.1mg/100cm3). These results indicate that fungicidal activity depends on nature of contact of 2-PE/LM with mycelium and/or conidia of molds, as well as volatility of tested substances.
Square‐Centimeter Solution‐Processed Planar CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 15% (2015)

The preparation of uniform, high-crystallinity planar perovskite films with high-aspect-ratio grains over a square-inch area is demonstrated. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.3% (stabilized output of ≈15.6%) is obtained for a planar perovskite solar cell (PSC) with 1.2 cm2 active area, and the PCE jumps to 18.3% (stabilized output of ≈17.5%) for a PSC with a 0.12 cm2 active area.
A Qualitative Study on the Rights of Access to Information on Social Service (2022)

The aim of the study is to examine the experiences and issues of the access to information of social services and explore ways to improve the right of access to information. In-depth interviews and focus group interviews were conducted with twenty participants which were composed of service users and experts in the service area for children, youth, single parents, the elderly, the disabled, community services. It is found that service users attempted to obtain social service information in a number of ways such as the access to public organization and searching in the internet by themselves. However, they experienced difficulties in acquiring the information since the contents and format of it was not provided in a proper way given the particular difficulties and needs of the users. Moreover, the systematic supports was not provided in the processes of using information. The study strongly emphasizes that the right of access to information should be understood as ‘social rights’ and suggests some policy measures, such as the provision of customized information service and the preemptive provision of information through case finding.
Generalized feature extraction for time-varying autoregressive models (1996)

In this paper, a feature extraction scheme for a general type of nonstationary time series is described. A non-stationary time series is one in which the statistics of the process are a function of time; this time dependency makes it impossible to utilize standard globally derived statistical attributes such as autocorrelations, partial correlations, and higher order moments as features. In order to overcome this difficulty, the time series vectors are considered within a finite-time interval and are modeled as time-varying autoregressive (AR) processes. The AR coefficients that characterize the process are functions of time that may be represented by a family of basis vectors. A novel Bayesian formulation is developed that allows the model order of a time-varying AR process as well as the form of the family of basis vectors used in the representation of each of the AR coefficients to be determined. The corresponding basis coefficients are then invariant over the time window and, since they directly relate to the time-varying AR coefficients, are suitable features for discrimination. Results illustrate the effectiveness of the method.
2006 YEAR IN REVIEW (2006)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXT2006 YEAR IN REVIEWCalm weather and fairly stable energy prices contributed to SOLID INDUSTRY PROFITSMARC S. REISCH and ALEXANDER H. TULLOView Author Information C&EN NORTHEAST NEWS BUREAUCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2006, 84, 51, 30–35Publication Date (Print):December 18, 2006Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 18 December 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v084n051.p030https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v084n051.p030newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views10Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Lipids,Natural resources Get e-Alerts
Tiamulin inhibits breast cancer growth and pulmonary metastasis by decreasing the activity of CD73 (2017)

Our results indicate that THF inhibits growth and metastasis of breast cancer by blocking the activity of CD73, which may offer a promising treatment for breast cancer therapy.
Pore structure analysis of swollen dextran-methacrylate hydrogels by SEM and mercury intrusion porosimetry (2000)

The objectives of this study were to visually examine the surface and interior morphology of a new class of biodegradable hydrogels based on dextran-methacrylate and to quantify the porous structure of these hydrogels in swollen state. Two techniques (scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry) were used to analyze pore structure of dextran-methacrylate hydrogels as a function of the degree of methacrylate substitution. SEM was used to observe 3-dimensional network structure of cryofixed and fractured swollen dextran-methacrylate hydrogels. Image analysis of the SEM data revealed different pore shapes and sizes, depending on the degree of substitution and the location within the hydrogel. A higher methacrylate-substituted dextran hydrogel showed a compact and rigid pore structure, while a lower substituted hydrogel showed a delicate and fragile pore structure. Mercury intrusion porosimetry analysis of the pore structure of dextran-methacrylate hydrogels provided useful and more reliable quantitative data of pore characteristics, such as total pore area, average pore diameter, their distribution, and bulk density. The total pore area and average pore diameter of swollen dextran-methacrylate hydrogels decreased with an increase in degree of methacrylate substitution, while bulk density increased with an increase in degree of substitution.
Cationic Liposomes Enhance the Rate of Transduction by a Recombinant Retroviral Vector In Vitro and In Vivo (1998)

Cationic liposomes enhanced the rate of transduction of target cells with retroviral vectors. The greatest effect was seen with the formulation DC-Chol/DOPE, which gave a 20-fold increase in initial transduction rate. This allowed an efficiency of transduction after brief exposure of target cells to virus plus liposome that could be achieved only after extensive exposure to virus alone. Enhancement with DC-Chol/DOPE was optimal when stable virion-liposome complexes were preformed. The transduction rate for complexed virus, as for virus used alone or with the polycation Polybrene, showed first-order dependence on virus concentration. Cationic liposomes, but not Polybrene, were able to mediate envelope-independent transduction, but optimal efficiency required envelope-receptor interaction. When virus complexed with DC-Chol/DOPE was used to transduce human mesothelioma xenografts, transduction was enhanced four- to fivefold compared to that for virus alone. Since the efficacy of gene therapy is dependent on the number of cells modified, which is in turn dependent upon the balance between transduction and biological clearance of the vector, the ability of cationic liposomes to form stable complexes with retroviral vectors and enhance their rate of infection is likely to be important for in vivo application.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Depth-resolved optical imaging of transmural electrical propagation in perfused heart (2007)

We present a study of the 3-dimensional (3D) propagation of electrical waves in the heart wall using Laminar Optical Tomography (LOT). Optical imaging contrast is provided by a voltage sensitive dye whose fluorescence reports changes in membrane potential. We examined the transmural propagation dynamics of electrical waves in the right ventricle of Langendorf perfused rat hearts, initiated either by endo-cardial or epi-cardial pacing. 3D images were acquired at an effective frame rate of 667Hz. We compare our experimental results to a mathematical model of electrical transmural propagation. We demonstrate that LOT can clearly resolve the direction of propagation of electrical waves within the cardiac wall, and that the dynamics observed agree well with the model of electrical propagation in rat ventricular tissue.
Expression of glycerol 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase gene (CvGPD1) in salt‐tolerant yeast Candida versatilis is stimulated by high concentrations of NaCl (2007)

We cloned the glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) gene (CvGPD1) from salt-tolerant yeast Candida versatilis. When CvGPD1 was expressed in glycerol synthesis-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, the salt tolerance of the recombinant strain was enhanced, and NADP(+)-dependent GPDH (EC 1.1.1.94), Cvgpd1p synthesis and recovery of glycerol synthesis were confirmed. The transcription of CvGPD1 in C. versatilis cells was stimulated by high concentrations of NaCl. The relationship between expression of CvGPD1 and growth of C. versatilis cells in the mash of Japanese seasonings (miso- and shoyu-moromi) is also discussed.
Evaluation of the VERSANT HCV RNA 3.0 Assay for Quantification of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in Serum (2002)

We assessed the performance of a new assay (VERSANT HCV RNA 3.0 [bDNA 3.0] assay [Bayer Diagnostics]) to quantitate HCV RNA levels and compared the results of the bDNA 3.0 assay to results of the Quantiplex HCV RNA 2.0 (bDNA 2.0) assay. Samples used in this study included 211 serum specimens from hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected persons from two sites (Bordeaux and Marseille, France) with different genotypes; 383 serum specimens from HCV antibody-negative, HCV RNA-negative persons; and serial dilutions of World Health Organization (WHO) HCV RNA standard at a titer of 100,000 IU/ml. The specificity of the bDNA 3.0 assay was 98.2%. A high correlation was observed between expected and observed values in all dilutions of WHO standard (r = 0.9982), in serial dilutions of pooled samples (r = 0.9996), and in diluted sera from different HCV genotypes (r = 0.9930 to 0.9995). The standard deviations (SD) for the within-run and between-run reproducibility of the bDNA 3.0 assay were <or=0.2 and <or=0.14, respectively. The intersite SD ranged from 0.03 to 0.14. The bDNA 3.0 assay results were positively correlated with the bDNA 2.0 assay results (r = 0.9533). Taking in account the overall performance, this assay could be used as a routine tool for the HCV RNA quantification.
Advanced Techniques in RF Power Amplifier Design (2002)

RF power amplifier modes Doherty and Chireix - themes and variations topics in PA non-linearity envelope feedback predistortion feedforward microwave-power amplifier design.