gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Innovative estimation method with measurement likelihood for all-accelerometer type inertial navigation system (2002)

Presents an innovative estimation scheme to solve the initial and divergent problems for an all-accelerometer inertial navigation system (INS). The proposed system uses six accelerometers mounted diagonally on each surface of a cubic. The system proposed herein exploits additional information involving the gravity effect, allowing us to determine the angular velocity. It also provides an upper bound value to initiate the platform attitude. In addition, an estimation algorithm using the own-ship trajectory estimator providing a measurement likelihood is proposed. A simulation case for estimating position and velocity of the vehicle is investigated by this approach. Results confirm the effectiveness of this information infusing concept in obtaining a convergent INS state estimation.
IL-10 enhances resolution of pulmonary inflammation in vivo by promoting apoptosis of neutrophils (1996)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to be protective in models of sepsis. This protection is mediated in part by inhibition of monokine-dependent processes. Because IL-10 can act on other cells to regulate inflammatory events, and because we have previously shown that clearance of inflammation is an active process, we examined whether IL-10 could regulate processes of resolution during pulmonary inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Administration of 1 microgram of IL-10 with 6 micrograms LPS intratracheally to rats did not alter the time of onset or the magnitude of the initial response, as assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophilia. However, the extent of the neutrophilia was markedly reduced at 18 h, and longer, after challenge. During ex vivo culture of cells obtained by BAL, neutrophils died by apoptosis and were engulfed by macrophages. Clearance of neutrophils was more rapid in the cultured BAL of rats treated with IL-10. In separate experiments, IL-10 did not reduce survival rates of untreated human neutrophils, but did inhibit LPS-induced increases in survival in a dose-dependent fashion. Thus IL-10 did not modulate the onset of, or peak of, neutrophil accumulation in response to LPS but did promote the clearance of recruited neutrophils in vivo. The mechanism of this anti-inflammatory action may be through the prevention of stimulated increases in neutrophil survival.
Adenovirus serotype 5 hexon is critical for virus infection of hepatocytes in vivo (2008)

Human species C adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is the most common viral vector used in clinical studies worldwide. Ad5 vectors infect liver cells in vivo with high efficiency via a poorly defined mechanism, which involves virus binding to vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation factors. Here, we report that the major Ad5 capsid protein, hexon, binds human coagulation factor X (FX) with an affinity of 229 pM. This affinity is 40-fold stronger than the reported affinity of Ad5 fiber for the cellular receptor coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, CAR. Cryoelectron microscopy and single-particle image reconstruction revealed that the FX attachment site is localized to the central depression at the top of the hexon trimer. Hexon-mutated virus bearing a large insertion in hexon showed markedly reduced FX binding in vitro and failed to deliver a transgene to hepatocytes in vivo. This study describes the mechanism of FX binding to Ad5 and demonstrates the critical role of hexon for virus infection of hepatocytes in vivo.
Delivery of Macromolecules into Cytosol Using Liposomes Containing Hemolysin from Listeria monocytogenes (1996)

The cytosolic space of cells is an important but relatively inaccessible target for the delivery of therapeutic macromolecules. Here we describe the efficient delivery of macromolecules into the cytosolic space of macrophages from liposomes that contain listeriolysin O (LLO), the hemolytic protein of Listeria monocytogenes that normally mediates bacterial passage from phagosomes into cytosol. LLO was purified and encapsulated inside pH-sensitive liposomes, along with other molecules to be delivered. When internalized by bone marrow-derived macrophages, these liposomes rapidly released encapsulated fluorescent dye, first into endosomes and then into the cytosol, without measurably harming the cells. Furthermore, these liposomes efficiently delivered encapsulated ovalbumin to the cytosolic pathway of antigen processing and presentation, as measured by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted presentation of peptides derived from ovalbumin. Delivery was significantly better than that obtained by other currently available liposome formulations. LLO-containing liposomes should therefore provide an efficient vehicle for delivery of antigens or therapeutic molecules in vivo.
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-Hydroxy-THC, and 11-Nor-9-carboxy-THC Plasma Pharmacokinetics during and after Continuous High-Dose Oral THC (2009)

Plasma THC concentrations remained >1 mug/L for at least 1 day after daily cannabis smoking and also after cessation of multiple oral THC doses. We report for the first time free plasma THC concentrations after multiple high-dose oral THC throughout the day and night, and after Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase hydrolysis. These data will aid in the interpretation of plasma THC concentrations after multiple oral doses.
Stability of anthracycline antitumor agents in four infusion fluids. (1981)

The stabilities of doxorubicin hydrochloride, daunorubicin hydrochloride, zorubicin, and aclacinomycin A hydrochloride were studied in various infusion fluids at ambient temperature. Reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedures developed and used in these studies employed internal standards and readily separated each drug from its degradation products. Dilute solutions of the anthracyclines were prepared by appropriate dilutions of the reconstituted solutions of the formulated products with 5% Dextrose Injection, USP (D5W); 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP (NS); Lactated Ringer's Injection, USP (LR); and Normosol-R pH 7.4. The stability of the anthracyclines was dependent on the pH of the admixture solution which, in turn, was dependent on infusion fluid composition. Daunorubicin and aclacinomycin A exhibited acceptable stability (equal to 90% of the original concentration) in D5W, NS, and LR for more than 48 hours. Doxorubicin manifested similar stability in the first two fluids. Zorubicin showed similar stability only in Normosol-R pH 7.4 fluid for 22 hours.
Differential activation of human autoreactive T cell clones by altered peptide ligands derived from myelin basic protein peptide (87–99) (1996)

We have examined the functional consequences induced by interaction of DR2a-restricted myelin basic protein (MBP) (87-99)-specific T cell clones (TCC) with altered peptide ligands (APL) derived from MBP peptide (87-99). The immunodominant MBP peptide (87-99) has been implicated as a candidate antigen in multiple sclerosis (MS) by several lines of evidence. In the present study, we have defined the T cell receptor (TCR) contact residues for DR2a-restricted, (87-99)-specific T helper type 1 T cells to design APL suitable to modify the functions of such T cells potentially relevant for the pathogenesis of MS. We show that neutral (L-alanine substitutions) or conservative exchanges of the primary and secondary TCR contact residues lead to various alterations of T cell function, ranging from differences in interleukin-2 receptor up-regulation to anergy induction and TCR antagonism. The potential usefulness of APL as an immunomodulating therapy for DR2+ MS patients is discussed.
A Real-Time State Predictor in Motor Control: Study of Saccadic Eye Movements during Unseen Reaching Movements (2002)

Theoretical motor control predicts that because of delays in sensorimotor pathways, a neural system should exist in the brain that uses efferent copy of commands to the arm, sensory feedback, and an internal model of the dynamics of the arm to predict the future state of the hand (i.e., a forward model). We tested this theory under the hypothesis that saccadic eye movements, tracking an unseen reaching movement, would reflect the output of this state predictor. We found that in unperturbed reaching movements, saccade occurrence at any time<i>t</i> consistently provided an unbiased estimate of hand position at <i>t</i> + 196 msec. To investigate the behavior of this predictor during feedback error control, we applied 50 msec random-force perturbations to the moving hand. Saccades showed a sharp inhibition at 100 msec after perturbation. At ∼170 msec, there was a sharp increase in saccade probabilities. These postperturbation saccades were an unbiased estimator of hand position at saccade time<i>t</i> + 150 msec. The ability of the brain to guide saccades to the future position of the hand failed when a force field unexpectedly changed the dynamics of the hand immediately after perturbation. The behavior of the eyes suggested that during reaching movements, the brain computes an estimate of future hand position based on an internal model that relies on real-time proprioceptive feedback. When an error occurs in reaching movements, the estimate of future hand position is recomputed. The saccade inhibition period that follows the hand perturbation may indicate the length of time it takes for this computation to take place.
Digital Video Bandwidth Compression Using Block Truncation Coding (1981)

A technique for bandwidth compression coding of sequential digitized video imagery is presented. The method uses adaptive one-bit quantization over small blocks of space and time. The system includes global registration and motion detection for optimal hit assignments. A comparsion is made with a conditional replenishment technique using a motion compensated predictor described in the literature. The method presented produces reconstructed video sequences filmed from low altitude aircraft with slight degradation which is acceptable for many remote sensing applications at 0.9 bit/pixel data rate. Robust behavior in the presence of channel noise is demonstrated.
The bright and the dark side of human antibody responses to flaviviruses: lessons for vaccine design (2017)

Zika and dengue viruses belong to the Flavivirus genus, a close group of antigenically related viruses that cause significant arthropod-transmitted diseases throughout the globe. Although infection by a given flavivirus is thought to confer lifelong protection, some of the patient's antibodies cross-react with other flaviviruses without cross-neutralizing. The original antigenic sin phenomenon may amplify such antibodies upon subsequent heterologous flavivirus infection, potentially aggravating disease by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The most striking example is provided by the four different dengue viruses, where infection by one serotype appears to predispose to more severe disease upon infection by a second one. A similar effect was postulated for sequential infections with Zika and dengue viruses. In this review, we analyze the molecular determinants of the dual antibody response to flavivirus infection or vaccination in humans. We highlight the role of conserved partially cryptic epitopes giving rise to cross-reacting and poorly neutralizing, ADE-prone antibodies. We end by proposing a strategy for developing an epitope-focused vaccine approach to avoid eliciting undesirable antibodies while focusing the immune system on producing protective antibodies only.
Extracting data records from the web using tag path clustering (2009)

Fully automatic methods that extract lists of objects from the Web have been studied extensively. Record extraction, the first step of this object extraction process, identifies a set of Web page segments, each of which represents an individual object (e.g., a product). State-of-the-art methods suffice for simple search, but they often fail to handle more complicated or noisy Web page structures due to a key limitation -- their greedy manner of identifying a list of records through pairwise comparison (i.e., similarity match) of consecutive segments. This paper introduces a new method for record extraction that captures a list of objects in a more robust way based on a holistic analysis of a Web page. The method focuses on how a distinct tag path appears repeatedly in the DOM tree of the Web document. Instead of comparing a pair of individual segments, it compares a pair of tag path occurrence patterns (called visual signals) to estimate how likely these two tag paths represent the same list of objects. The paper introduces a similarity measure that captures how closely the visual signals appear and interleave. Clustering of tag paths is then performed based on this similarity measure, and sets of tag paths that form the structure of data records are extracted. Experiments show that this method achieves higher accuracy than previous methods.
Characterization of quantum-confined CdS nanocrystallites stabilized by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (1992)

The bipolymer calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is employed to stabilize cadmium sulfide crystallites in the quantum confinement size regime (Q-CdS). In this work, the synthesis and characterization of these semiconductor 'quantum dots' is described. These Q-CdS clusters are easily prepared in aqueous solution at room temperature and are extremely stable (for more than 17 months when stored at 5 degrees C). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that the crystallites have an average diameter of 5.6 nm, with lattice images and diffraction patterns consistent with the zinc-blende structure of CdS. For approximately 15% of the particles, unique hollow-sphere- or hollow-hemisphere-shaped CdS structures are observed, and their presence attributed to the influence of the DNA host. Spectroscopically, these clusters show an absorption edge blue-shifted from that of the bulk, consistent with quantum confinement, and broad trap emission characteristic of an appreciable number of defect sites at the semiconductor cluster interface, apparently induced in part by the host polynucleotide. The effects of the Q-CdS clusters on the macroscopic properties of the DNA are illustrated by the change in intrinsic viscosity upon addition of cadmium ions and subsequent CdS formation.
[Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in asylum seekers and refugees in the Bern canton 1993-1997]. (2000)

As part of a preventive program asylum seekers and refugees are screened for tuberculosis. Necessary treatments have to be administered in the accepting canton. Aim of this cohort study was to assess the way of diagnosis and the outcome of treatment in 64 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and positive culture in the Canton of Berne between 1993 and 1997. Results existed for 62 of them (96.9%). 34 cases of tuberculosis were discovered by screening and 23 more than 6 months afterwards. 87.1% of all cases were treated for more than 6 months. Among patients with unfavourable outcome four disappeared, three were transferred out. Efficacy of screening for tuberculosis depends also on follow-up during treatment which took place in the Canton of Berne. A strict organisation like the one applied in Berne or directly controlled treatment are necessary to warrant curative treatment.
Primary Structure and Catalytic Mechanism of the Epoxide Hydrolase from Agrobacterium radiobacterAD1 (1997)

The epoxide hydrolase gene from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1, a bacterium that is able to grow on epichlorohydrin as the sole carbon source, was cloned by means of the polymerase chain reaction with two degenerate primers based on the N-terminal and C-terminal sequences of the enzyme, The epoxide hydrolase gene coded for a protein of 294 amino acids with a molecular mass of 34 kDa, An identical epoxide hydrolase gene was cloned from chromosomal DNA of the closely related strain A, radiobacter CFZ11, The recombinant epoxide hydrolase was expressed up to 40% of the total cellular protein content in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and the purified enzyme had a k(cat) of 21 s(-1) with epichlorohydrin, Amino acid sequence similarity of the epoxide hydrolase with eukaryotic epoxide hydrolases, haloalkane dehalogenase from Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10, and bromoperoxidase A2 from Streptomyces aureofaciens indicated that it belonged to the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold family, This conclusion was supported by secondary structure predictions and analysis of the secondary structure with circular dichroism spectroscopy. The catalytic triad residues of epoxide hydrolase are proposed to be Asp(107), His(275), and Asp(246). Replacement of these residues to Ala/Glu, Arg/Gln, and Ala, respectively, resulted in a dramatic loss of activity for epichlorohydrin, The reaction mechanism of epoxide hydrolase proceeds via a covalently bound ester intermediate, as was shown by single turnover experiments with the His(275) --&gt; Arg mutant of epoxide hydrolase in which the ester intermediate could be trapped.
Successful photodynamic therapy combined with laser photocoagulation in three eyes with classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation affecting two patients with multifocal choroiditis: case reports. (2002)

Multifocal choroiditis (MC) is an idiopathic choroidal inflammatory disease affecting young subjects. Secondary choroidal--and often central--neovascularisation is a frequent complication leading to a poor visual prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has now proven to be successful to treat classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation in age-related macular degeneration and in pathologic myopia. We describe the treatment applied to classic choroidal neovascularisation in two young women with MC, two eyes with subfoveal neovascular membrane and one eye in which new vessels encroach the foveal avascular zone. PDT has been useful in the three reported eyes, with stable or improved visual acuity. In two of them, it even made the membrane retract and become extrafoveal, allowing a secondary treatment using conventional laser.
Parasitic Resistance Considerations of Using Elevated Source/Drain Technology for Deep Submicron Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (1998)

Device drive current, parasitic resistance, and junction leakage current have been studied using silicided and non‐silicided deep submicron elevated source/drain (ESD) n‐channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (NMOSFETs). This study illustrated the effects of doping profile in the elevated S/D region, junction depth in the substrate, and doping level in the source/drain extension. Compared to devices having nonelevated junctions with the same substrate doping profile, MOSFETs with a profile‐doped elevated S/D, used to contact an ultrashallow junction formed before selective epitaxial growth, had higher drive currents and demonstrated the ability of the elevated junction to reduce the extrinsic resistance. Measurements of drive currents in ESD devices showed that (i) the lightly doped region at the bottom of a profile‐doped elevated layer introduces additional extrinsic resistance, and (ii) the locally deeper junction beneath the epi facets extends laterally toward the channel and shortens the drain extension length, thereby reducing the intrinsic resistance. Silicided devices had higher drive current and reduced parasitic resistance when the silicide/silicon interfacial dopant concentrations remained high (>1 × 1020/cm3) after silicidation. The lowest total parasitic resistance was achieved when the elevated S/D was used to give a small contact resistance to a shallow junction and a moderately doped drain extension was used to lower the resistance of the source/drain extension tab.
IL-17 in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a potent stimulator of osteoclastogenesis (1999)

IL-17 is a newly discovered T cell-derived cytokine whose role in osteoclast development has not been fully elucidated. Treatment of cocultures of mouse hemopoietic cells and primary osteoblasts with recombinant human IL-17 induced the formation of multinucleated cells, which satisfied major criteria of osteoclasts, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, calcitonin receptors, and pit formation on dentine slices. Direct interaction between osteoclast progenitors and osteoblasts was required for IL-17-induced osteoclastogenesis, which was completely inhibited by adding indomethacin or NS398, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2). Adding IL-17 increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in cocultures of bone marrow cells and osteoblasts and in single cultures of osteoblasts, but not in single cultures of bone marrow cells. In addition, IL-17 dose-dependently induced expression of osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) mRNA in osteoblasts. ODF is a membrane-associated protein that transduces an essential signal(s) to osteoclast progenitors for differentiation into osteoclasts. Osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF), a decoy receptor of ODF, completely inhibited IL-17-induced osteoclast differentiation in the cocultures. Levels of IL-17 in synovial fluids were significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients than osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Anti-IL-17 antibody significantly inhibited osteoclast formation induced by culture media of RA synovial tissues. These findings suggest that IL-17 first acts on osteoblasts, which stimulates both COX-2-dependent PGE2 synthesis and ODF gene expression, which in turn induce differentiation of osteoclast progenitors into mature osteoclasts, and that IL-17 is a crucial cytokine for osteoclastic bone resorption in RA patients.
Dementia Pugilistica with clinical features of Alzheimer's disease (2007)

A 61-year-old ex-boxer presented with a three-year history of progressive memory decline. During a seven-year follow-up period, there was a continuous cognitive decline, very similar to that usually observed in Alzheimer's disease. Parkinsonian, pyramidal or cerebellar signs were conspicuously absent. Neuropathological examination revealed the typical features of dementia pugilistica: cavum septi pellucidi with multiple fenestrations, numerous neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral isocortex and hippocampus (and rare senile plaques). Immunohistochemistry disclosed a high number of tau protein deposits and scarce beta-amyloid staining. This case shows that dementia pugilistica may present with clinical features practically undistinguishable from Alzheimer's disease.
Anti–interleukin‐6 receptor antibody therapy reduces vascular endothelial growth factor production in rheumatoid arthritis (2003)

Anti-IL-6R mAb therapy reduced VEGF production in RA. IL-6 is the pivotal cytokine that induces VEGF production in synergy with IL-1beta or TNFalpha, and this may be the mechanism by which IL-6 blockade effectively suppresses VEGF production in synovial fibroblasts.
CDKN2 (MTS1) tumor suppressor gene mutations in human tumor cell lines. (1995)

Tumor suppressor gene CDKN2 (also called MTS1, CDK4I and p16INK4) is located in 9p21 and deleted homozygously in a high percentage of tumor cell lines. We have examined the sequence of CDKN2 in 154 tumor cell lines that are not homozygously deleted for CDKN2. Overall, 18% (27/154) of the cell lines carried mutations in CDKN2. These mutations were found in cell lines derived from melanoma, bladder, lung and prostate cancers, as well as sarcomas of various origin. The spectrum of the CDKN2 mutations found in melanoma cell lines indicated a major role for ultraviolet light in generating the mutations, suggesting the mutations occurred in vivo. The frequency of loss of heterozygosity in 9p21 in this set of lines is only slightly higher than the background rate of aneuploidy, suggesting that a second 9p21 tumor suppressor gene, if it exists, must lie near CDKN2.