gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TheADAMTS12metalloprotease gene is epigenetically silenced in tumor cells and transcriptionally activated in the stroma during progression of colon cancer (2009)

Proteases have long been associated with tumor progression, given their ability to degrade extracellular matrix components and facilitate invasion and metastasis. However, recent findings indicate that different proteases can also act as tumor-suppressor enzymes. We have recently reported that lung carcinoma cells expressing the ADAMTS-12 metalloprotease show a remarkable impairment of growth in immunodeficient mice as compared with parental cells. Here, we show that ADAMTS12 promoter is hypermethylated in cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. Interestingly, ADAMTS12 expression in the stromal cells surrounding epithelial malignant cells is higher than in the paired normal tissues. Moreover, the expression of this metalloprotease in colon fibroblasts co-cultured with colon cancer cell lines is higher than in those cultured alone. Furthermore, the expression of ADAMTS-12 by these fibroblasts is linked with an anti-proliferative effect on tumor cells. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that ADAMTS-12 is a novel anti-tumor protease that can reduce the proliferative properties of tumor cells. This function is lost by epigenetic silencing in tumor cells, but concurrently induced in stromal cells, probably as part of a response of the normal tissue aimed at controlling the progression of cancer.
Deciphering the Genetic Basis of Alzheimer's Disease (2002)

A remarkable rise in life expectancy during the past century has made Alzheimer's disease (AD) the most common form of progressive cognitive failure in humans. Compositional analyses of the classical brain lesions, the senile (amyloid) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, preceded and has guided the search for genetic alterations. Four genes have been unequivocally implicated in inherited forms of AD, and mutations or polymorphisms in these genes cause excessive cerebral accumulation of the amyloid beta-protein and subsequent neuronal and glial pathology in brain regions important for memory and cognition. This understanding of the genotype-to-phenotype conversions of familial AD has led to the development of pharmacological strategies to lower amyloid beta-protein levels as a way of treating or preventing all forms of the disease.
Common antigenicity between Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen and Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) pollen, I. H‐2 complex affects cross responsiveness to Cry j 1 and Cha o 1 at the T‐ and B‐cell level in mice (2000)

Common antigenicity among two purified Japanese cedar pollen allergens (Cry j 1 and Cry j 2) and one Japanese cypress pollen allergen (Cha o 1) was explored at the T-cell and B-cell level in mice of different H-2 haplotypes. Cry j 2 did not show any common antigenicity with Cry j 1 or Cha o 1. B10.S (H-2S) mice immunized with Cry j 1 or Cha o 1 generated T cells and antibodies reactive to both antigens, indicating the common antigenicity of these antigens. C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice were non-responders to Cry j 1. BALB/c (H-2d) mice immunized with Cry j 1 or Cha o 1 and C57BL/6 mice immunized with Cha o 1 generated T cells that were only reactive with the respective immunogen, but produced antibody reactive to both Cry j 1 and Cha o 1, indicating that Cry j 1 and Cha o 1 share their B-cell epitope but not their T-cell epitope. This finding may provide a clue for the clarification of the T-cell and B-cell epitopes of Cry j 1 and Cha o 1, even though the data are influenced by H-2 complex restriction in mice. Considering that H-2 complex restriction affects cross responsiveness to Cry j 1 and Cha o 1 at the T- and B-cell level in mice, we assessed the possible situation in humans exposed sequentially to Japanese cedar pollen and Japanese cypress pollen.
Metal Oxides and Ion-Exchanging Surfaces as pH Sensors in Liquids: State-of-the-Art and Outlook (2009)

Novel applications of online pH determinations at temperatures from -35 °C to 130 °C in technical and biological media, which are all but ideal aqueous solutions, require new approaches to pH monitoring. The glass electrode, introduced nearly hundred years ago, and chemical sensors based on field effect transistors (ISFET) show specific drawbacks with respect to handling and long-time stability. Proton sensitive metal oxides seem to be a promising and alternative to the state-of-the-art measuring methods, and might overcome some problems of classical hydrogen electrodes and reference electrodes.
Optical nonlinearities due to subband structures in Al0.08In0.92Sb/InSb superlattices (1990)

We report the first observation of optical nonlinearities due to subband structures in the growth direction of an n-type superlattice by four-wave mixing in an end-firing configuration. We observe a nearly eightfold increase in the third-order optical susceptibility when the electric fields of the CO2 laser are changed from a parallel to a perpendicular orientation to the plane of an Al0.08In0.92Sb/InSb superlattice. No change is observed in a control InSb epilayer under similar conditions.
The Transcriptional regulation of heat shock genes: A plethora of heat shock factors and regulatory conditions (1996)

The inducible regulation of heat shock gene transcription is mediated by a family of heat shock factors (HSF) that respond to diverse forms of physiological and environmental stress including elevated temperature, amino acid analogs, heavy metals, oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory drugs, arachidonic acid, and a number of pathophysiological disease states. The vertebrate genome encodes a family of HSFs which are expressed ubiquitously, yet the DNA binding properties of each factor are negatively regulated and activated in response to specific conditions. This chapter will discuss the regulation of the HSF multi-gene family and the role of these transcriptional activators in the inducible expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones.
Direct Synthesis of Long Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Strands (2002)

In the processes that are used to produce single-walled nanotubes (electric arc, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition), the typical lengths of tangled nanotube bundles reach several tens of micrometers. We report that long nanotube strands, up to several centimeters in length, consisting of aligned single-walled nanotubes can be synthesized by the catalytic pyrolysis of n -hexane with an enhanced vertical floating technique. The long strands of nanotubes assemble continuously from arrays of nanotubes, which are intrinsically long.
Coupling Fluid-Flow and Geomechanics in Dual-Porosity Modeling of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs – Model Description and Comparison (2000)

Abstract The objective of this paper are: (i) to summarize a recently developed coupled fluid-flow/geomechancs, dual-porosity model intended to describe the behavior of naturally fractured reservoirs, and (ii) to analyze and compare four other existing models. Conceptual consistency is examined for each model within the concept of dual-porosity. The comparison provides important understanding and interpretation to the complex model parameters.
An update on new and emerging options for the treatment of vitiligo. (2008)

Vitiligo is an acquired leukoderma that results from the loss of epidermal melanocytes, and is characterized by macules and patches of depigmented skin. With a relatively high rate of prevalence, vitiligo occurs in localized, generalized, or segmental patterns; it can run a rapidly progressive course or remain stationary. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is not yet fully understood, but the autoimmune hypothesis is the most commonly accepted one, based on which, many treatment modalities have been described. Although many therapeutic options exist and new modalities are still emerging, treatment challenges persist, as not all patients respond to available therapies. Variables that affect the choice of treatment include the extent, distribution, and progression rate of the lesions. Another challenge is the lack of a standardized scoring system, which hampers the production of level 1a evidence studies for the treatment of this condition.
Fusion microexplosions, exotic fusion fuels, direct conversion: advanced technology options for CTR (1973)

is about 0.025 T. Some results of a study of an alternate structural arrangement for the direct converter electrodes in a tokamak reactor are shown.
Vascular Development in Early Human Embryos and in Teratomas Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells1 (2004)

During early human embryonic development, blood vessels are stimulated to grow, branch, and invade developing tissues and organs. Pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are endowed with the capacity to differentiate into cells of blood and lymphatic vessels. The present study aimed to follow vasculogenesis during the early stages of developing human vasculature and to examine whether human neovasculogenesis within teratomas generated in SCID mice from hESCs follows a similar course and can be used as a model for the development of human vasculature. Markers and gene profiling of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells of blood and lymphatic vessels were used to follow neovasculogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in early developing human embryos (4-8 weeks) and in teratomas generated from hESCs. The involvement of vascular smooth muscle cells in the early stages of developing human embryonic blood vessels is demonstrated, as well as the remodeling kinetics of the developing human embryonic blood and lymphatic vasculature. In teratomas, human vascular cells were demonstrated to be associated with developing blood vessels. Processes of intensive remodeling of blood vessels during the early stages of human development are indicated by the upregulation of angiogenic factors and specific structural proteins. At the same time, evidence for lymphatic sprouting and moderate activation of lymphangiogenesis is demonstrated during these developmental stages. In the teratomas induced by hESCs, human angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are relatively insignificant. The main source of blood vessels developing within the teratomas is provided by the murine host. We conclude that the teratoma model has only limited value as a model to study human neovasculogenesis and that other in vitro methods for spontaneous and guided differentiation of hESCs may prove more useful.
The ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE3, FUSCA3, and LEAFY COTYLEDON1 loci act in concert to control multiple aspects of Arabidopsis seed development. (1997)

Previous studies have shown that recessive mutations at the Arabidopsis ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), FUSCA3 (FUS3), and LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) loci lead to various abnormalities during mid-embryogenesis and late embryogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether these loci act in independent regulatory pathways or interact in controlling certain facets of seed development. Several developmental responses were quantified in abi3, fus3, and lec1 single mutants as well as in double mutants combining either the weak abi3-1 or the severe abi3-4 mutations with either fus3 or lec1 mutations. Our data indicate that ABI3 interacts genetically with both FUS3 and LEC1 in controlling each of the elementary processes analyzed, namely, accumulation of chlorophyll and anthocyanins, sensitivity to abscisic acid, and expression of individual members of the 12S storage protein gene family. In addition, both FUS3 and LEC1 regulate positively the abundance of the ABI3 protein in the seed. These results suggest that in contrast to previous models, the ABI3, FUS3, and LEC1 genes act synergistically to control multiple elementary processes during seed development.
FURTHER STUDIES OF THE INFECTIOUS UNIT OF VACCINIA (1941)

A study has been made of the comparative virulence of several strains of vaccine virus for a number of hosts, and wide variation in animal susceptibility has been demonstrated. The results obtained in experiments with a chick-embryo-adapted strain are interpreted as indicating that the particles of virus are of essentially uniform virulence. Results of statistical analyses are presented which indicate that as the virulence of a strain of virus increases the number of elementary bodies per infectious unit approaches 1, and at that limit the chance of infection is governed primarily by the presence or absence of virus in the inoculum. With lower virulence the chance of a lesion following inoculation of virus is still described by the binomial theorem, but the actual distribution is primarily of susceptible cells not of viral particles. It is postulated that with regard to the proportion of cells available for parasitism, differences exist between different animals of a species, and that this distribution is of a normal character.
Noise spectrum estimation in adverse environments: improved minima controlled recursive averaging (2003)

Noise spectrum estimation is a fundamental component of speech enhancement and speech recognition systems. We present an improved minima controlled recursive averaging (IMCRA) approach, for noise estimation in adverse environments involving nonstationary noise, weak speech components, and low input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The noise estimate is obtained by averaging past spectral power values, using a time-varying frequency-dependent smoothing parameter that is adjusted by the signal presence probability. The speech presence probability is controlled by the minima values of a smoothed periodogram. The proposed procedure comprises two iterations of smoothing and minimum tracking. The first iteration provides a rough voice activity detection in each frequency band. Then, smoothing in the second iteration excludes relatively strong speech components, which makes the minimum tracking during speech activity robust. We show that in nonstationary noise environments and under low SNR conditions, the IMCRA approach is very effective. In particular, compared to a competitive method, it obtains a lower estimation error, and when integrated into a speech enhancement system achieves improved speech quality and lower residual noise.
Structure of octadecyl thiol self-assembled on the silver(111) surface: an incommensurate monolayer (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of octadecyl thiol self-assembled on the silver(111) surface: an incommensurate monolayerP. Fenter, P. Eisenberger, Jun Li, N. Camillone III, S. Bernasek, G. Scoles, T. A. Ramanarayanan, and K. S. LiangCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 10, 2013–2016Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00058a008https://doi.org/10.1021/la00058a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views877Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scaling and root planing vs. conservative surgery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (2016)

A renewed interest in conservative surgical techniques has been fueled by new technology, changes in referral patterns to periodontists and a desire to achieve periodontal health in the least invasive, most cost-efficient manner possible. Trends suggest that an increasing amount of periodontal care is being provided in the offices of general dentists. If true, it is likely that patients receiving care in these offices will be offered simpler surgical treatment modalities that do not require an extensive armamentarium. The purpose of this article was to review the effectiveness of six relatively simple surgical techniques - gingivectomy, flap debridement, modified Widman flap, excisional new attachment procedure, modified excisional new attachment procedure and laser-assisted new attachment procedure - and to compare the results obtained using these procedures with the well-known clinical benefits of scaling and root planing. The intent was to determine whether the benefits of surgical procedures in the hands of most general dentists extend beyond those of conventional nonsurgical therapy.
Breathing detection based on the topological features of IR sensor and accelerometer signals (2016)

This paper describes a non-contact breathing detection system using a pyro-electric infrared (PIR) sensor and an accelerometer. The multi-sensor system can be used to detect the respiratory disorders. A PIR sensor is placed onto a stand near a bed and an accelerometer is placed on the mattress. We recently developed a PIR sensor which is capable of producing 1-D time-varying signals corresponding to the motions in its field of view. The PIR sensor signal due to the thoracic movements turns out to be an almost periodic signal. Similarly, the accelerometer produces an almost periodic signal in response to vibrations in bed. Sensor signals are processed using a topological approach. Point clouds are constructed from the delay-coordinate embedding of the time series sensor data first. Then, periodic structures in the point clouds are detected using persistent homology. The sensors, with the proposed method, complement each other to produce more accurate decisions in different lying positions.
Microrna Expression Profiling in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. (2004)

Abstract Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) arises due to changes in gene expression that block or alter the normal differentiation program of hematopoietic stem cells. A variety of mutations in protein-encoding genes have been shown to contribute to the development of leukemia. Recently a new class of genes called microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified. miRNAs are a subgroup of highly conserved, non-coding RNAs found only in eukaryotes. They do not encode proteins, and appear to have a significant effect on the proteome of a cell. Their conservation between species suggests their involvement in important biological functions, and in fact been shown to be involved in hematopoietic differentiation. While the function of most miRNAs is still unknown, it is believed that they regulate expression of target mRNAs by using the siRNA machinery either to promote degradation of the mRNA or to block its translation. To begin to understand the role of miRNAs in AML, we used Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (QPCR) to measure the expression level of 20 miRNA precursors in the pro erythroid cell line K562, the pro-myelocytic cell line NB4, the myelomococytic cell line OCI/AML2, AML patients’ blasts and in normal bone marrow (NBM). The investigated miRNAs included some that are known to be specific for hematopoietic tissues or involved in hematopoietic differentiation, as well as all the miRNAs in chromosome 7, a hot spot for gene deletion in AML. Our findings indicate that miRNAs are differentially expressed in patients and cell lines when compared among themselves and against normal bone marrow. For example pre-miR-142 was expressed in NBM and K562 but was found to be elevated in OCI/AML2, NB4 and in all patient samples. Pre-miR-20 was found to be overexpressed in only a subset of patients. Other miRNAs like pre-miR-335 and pre-miR-148a were expressed in NBM and in some patients and not in the cell lines. In an effort to identify possible regulators of miRNA expression, we analyzed the upstream region of pre-miR-142 and found an LMO2 binding site. In AML, the LMO2 gene can be overexpressed relative to normal bone marrow and healthy lymphocytes. This transcription factor is involved in the regulation of genes important in the development of blood cells. To investigate if LMO2 could be involved in the regulation of miR-142 expression, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) from K562 using an anti-LMO2 antibody. Only the LMO2 immunoprecipitation, and not those from the pre-immune control, were enriched in promoter DNA for pre-miR-142. This is consistent with the observation that miRNAs and coding RNAs can be regulated by the same environmental signals. Based on this observation we propose that oncogenes regulate in part the phenotype and biological behaviour of leukemia by affecting the expression of miRNAs. This further suggests that different forms of leukemia may be recognized based upon the spectrum of miRNAs they express.
Organometallic cation-exchanged phyllosilicates: variable-temperature57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic and related studies of the adsorption of dimethylaminomethylferrocene on clays and pillared clays (1996)

Variable-temperature 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and temperature-programmed solid insertion probe mass spectrometry (TP-SIP-MS) have been used to study the interaction of dimethylaminomethylferrocene (DMAMF) with Westone-L (WL), a low iron montmorillonite. The hydrochloride salt of DMAMF, (ferrocenylmethyl)dimethylammonium chloride (FMDMACl), was prepared and studied both prior and subsequent toexchange on the interlamellar sites of WL. X-Ray diffraction confirmed that the FMDMA+ cations were incorporated between the clay lamellae and the observed spacing of 15.1 Å was thermally stable up to 200 °C in air. TP-SIP-MS indicated that a small proportion of the incorporated metallocene was volatilised at temperatures below 400 °C, but that the majority decomposed via loss of cyclopentadienyl ligands leaving the metal centre between the sheets. A similar thermal degradation path was observed for DMAMF on aluminium pillared clay (Al-PILC). 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed that the FMDMA+ cation occupied a similar environment in the chloride salt, FMDMA+–WL and DMAMF–Al-PILC insofar as the isomer shift, 6, and quadrupole splitting, Δ, of the incorporated metallocene were essentially the same in all complexes and virtually identical to that observed for FMDMACl(δ= 0.34 mm s–l, δ= 2.32 mm s–l at 300 K). The values for the Debye temperature θ, and recoil-free fraction f determined from variable-temperature 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, were typically 140 K and 0.12, respectively, for FMDMACl and FMDMA+–WL, thus confirming the similar environment occupied by the cation in the chloride salt and in WL. In contrast, the corresponding values for DMAMF–A1-PILC were 118 K and 0.06, respectively, indicating that the the metallocene enjoyed much greater freedom in the galleries of the Al-PILC which exceed the dimensions of the metallocene compared to FMDMA+-WL where the organoiron cation itself determines the layer separation.