gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Personalcasting : interactive local augmentation of television programming (1985)

While a videocassette recorder allows a television viewer to decouple the viewing of a television program from its broadcast, its use would be much more rewarding were it able to "understand" what it had recorded and to utilize this information to vary the presentation of broadcast television programs in a personalized manner.A hardware! software system is developed which uses closed-captioning information as a data input and allows variation in the presentation of television newscasts, with results applicable to the locally-intelligent recording and personalized presentation of other sorts of programming as well.
Similarities between a phosphoprotein (pp60src)-associated protein kinase of Rous sarcoma virus and a cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-independent protein kinase that phosphorylates pyruvate kinase type M2. (1980)

Abstract Chicken embryo cells (CEC) contain the pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M 2 (M 2 -PK). This enzyme was partially purified from these cells by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-coupled inhibitor protein (M.W. 33,500) of M 2 -PK. Characteristic changes in the kinetic properties of M 2 -PK were observed when CEC were transformed by the Rous sarcoma virus. Transformation leads to a lower affinity for phosphoenolpyruvate, a high stimulation by fructose 1,6-diphosphate, and a rapid inactivation by magnesium adenosine triphosphate which is abolished by fructose 1,6-diphosphate. These characteristic changes of M 2 -PK in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed CEC could be mimicked in vitro by adding to homogeneous M 2 -PK from chicken liver a partially purified cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate-independent protein kinase. This enzyme is known to phosphorylate and inactivate M 2 -PK. A protein with a molecular weight of 64,000 can be phosphorylated in immune complexes, formed with monospecific M 2 -PK antisera and extracts from Rous sarcoma virus-transformed CEC, but not from nontransformed CEC. This phosphoprotein has the same electrophoretic mobility as does M 2 -PK. It is assumed that transformation of CEC by Rous sarcoma virus may affect the regulatory system of M 2 -PK which includes inhibitory proteins and a cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate-independent protein kinase. The transforming gene src of Rous sarcoma virus is coding for a phosphoprotein, pp60 src , which is associated with protein kinase activity. This pp60 src kinase activity was copurifying on affinity columns with M 2 -PK, hexokinase, and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. Evidence is presented which suggests functional similarities between pp60 src kinase and the protein kinase which participates in the M 2 -PK regulation. Both protein kinases cannot be stimulated by cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate; they use guanosine triphosphate and adenosine triphosphate as phosphate donors. Both are inhibited by P 1 , P 5 -di(adenosine-5′)pentaphosphate and M 2 -PK inhibitor protein. The inhibition by fructose 1,6-diphosphate of both protein kinases is noncompetitive with respect to adenosine triphosphate.
DUPA Conjugation of a Cytotoxic Indenoisoquinoline Topoisomerase I Inhibitor for Selective Prostate Cancer Cell Targeting (2015)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in most prostate cancer cells while being present at low or undetectable levels in normal cells. This difference provides an opportunity to selectively deliver cytotoxic drugs to prostate cancer cells while sparing normal cells that lack PSMA, thus improving potencies and reducing toxicities. PSMA has high affinity for 2-[3-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ureido]pentanedioic acid (DUPA) (Ki = 8 nM). After binding to a DUPA-drug conjugate, PSMA internalizes, unloads the conjugate, and returns to the surface. In the present studies, an indenoisoquinoline topoisomerase I inhibitor was conjugated to DUPA via a peptide linker and a drug-release segment that facilitates intracellular cleavage to liberate the drug cargo. The DUPA-indenoisoquinoline conjugate exhibited an IC50 in the low nanomolar range in 22RV1 cell cultures and induced a complete cessation of tumor growth with no toxicity, as determined by loss of body weight and death of treated mice.
Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. (1995)

Epidemiological and laboratory animal model studies have suggested that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the risk of development of colon cancer. The present study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive action of 160 and 320 ppm (equivalent to 40 and 80% maximum tolerated doses) sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, fed during initiation and postinitiation stages and 320 ppm sulindac fed during promotion/progression stages of azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats. Also investigated was the modulating effect of this agent on the colonic mucosal and tumor phospholipase A2, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenase activities. At 5 weeks of age, groups of male F344 rats were fed control diet or diets containing 160 and 320 ppm of sulindac. At 7 weeks of age, all animals except those in the vehicle-treated groups were given two weekly s.c. injections of azoxymethane at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg body weight/week. Animals intended for tumor promotion/progression study were administered 320 ppm of sulindac in diet starting at 14 weeks after a second azoxymethane treatment. All animals continued on their respective dietary regimen until the termination of the experiment at 52 weeks after the carcinogen treatment. Colonic tumors were evaluated histopathologically. Colonic mucosa and tumors were analyzed for phospholipase A2, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, prostaglandin E2, cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase activities. The levels of sulindac and its metabolites in stomach, cecal, and fecal contents and in serum were analyzed. The results indicate that dietary sulindac at 160 and 320 ppm levels inhibited the incidence of invasive and noninvasive adenocarcinomas of the colon (P < 0.01-0.001) as well as their multiplicity (P < 0.01-0.0001) in a dose-dependent manner. Also, feeding sulindac during promotion/progression stages significantly suppressed the incidence (P < 0.0001) and multiplicity (P < 0.0001) of colonic adenocarcinomas. Dietary sulindac also suppressed the colon tumor volume by > 52-62% compared to the control diet. Dietary sulindac significantly decreased the activities of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (32-51%) and levels of prostaglandin E2 (> 40%) in the colonic mucosa and tumors, but it had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on phospholipase A2 activity. The formation of cyclooxygenase metabolites, particularly prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostaglandin D2, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, and thromboxane B2, and lipoxygenase metabolites such as 8(S)- and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids were significantly reduced in colonic mucosa and tumors of animals fed 320 ppm sulindac.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction Methods for Use with Automatic Speech Recognition (2011)

For nearly a century, researchers have investigated and used mathematical techniques for reducing the dimensionality of vector valued data used to characterize categorical data with the goal of preserving “information” or discriminability of the different categories in the reduced dimensionality data. The most established techniques are Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) (Jolliffe, 1986; Wang & Paliwal, 2003). Both PCA and LDA are based on linear, i.e. matrix multiplication, transformations. For the case of PCA, the transformation is based on minimizing mean square error between original data vectors and data vectors that can be estimated from the reduced dimensionality data vectors. For the case of LDA, the transformation is based on minimizing a ratio of “between class variance” to “within class variance” with the goal of reducing data variation in the same class and increasing the separation between classes. There are newer versions of these methods such as Heteroscedastic Discriminant Analysis (HDA) (Kumar & Andreou, 1998; Saon et al., 2000). However, in all cases certain assumptions are made about the statistical properties of the original data (such as multivariate Gaussian); even more fundamentally, the transformations are restricted to be linear. In this chapter, a class of nonlinear transformations is presented both from a theoretical and experimental point of view. Theoretically, the nonlinear methods have the potential to be more “efficient” than linear methods, that is, give better representations with fewer dimensions. In addition, some examples are shown from experiments with Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) where the nonlinear methods in fact perform better, resulting in higher ASR accuracy than obtained with either the original speech features, or linearly reduced feature sets. Two nonlinear transformation methods, along with several variations, are presented. In one of these methods, referred to as nonlinear PCA (NLPCA), the goal of the nonlinear transformation is to minimize the mean square error between features estimated from reduced dimensionality features and original features. Thus this method is patterned after PCA. In the second method, referred to as nonlinear LDA (NLDA), the goal of the nonlinear transformation is to maximize discriminability of categories of data. Thus the method is patterned after LDA. In all cases, the dimensionality reduction is accomplished with a Neural Network (NN), which internally encodes data with a reduced number of dimensions. The differences in the methods depend on error criteria used to train the network, the architecture of the network, and the extent to which the reduced dimensions are “hidden” in the neural network.
Specificity of detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in cardiovascular atheroma: evaluation of the innocent bystander hypothesis. (1997)

Chlamydia pneumoniae has been detected in atherosclerotic plaque, raising the question of whether this detection is specific to atheromatous tissue. To evaluate this question, we tested cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular tissue samples from 38 autopsy cases by polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. We also tested 33 granuloma biopsy specimens, as the organism has been detected in macrophages. C. pneumoniae was detected in coronary artery tissue from 13 (34%), lung from 5 (13%), liver from 4 (10%), and spleen from 2 (5%) of the 38 autopsy cases (P < 0.05 for comparison of proportion of positive coronary arteries with that of each of the other types of tissue). Of the 21 cases with at least one positive tissue sample, 11 had only a positive cardiovascular tissue (coronary artery, venous bypass graft, or myocardium), 7 had both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular positive tissues, and 3 had only a non-cardiovascular positive tissue. C. pneumoniae was thus detected relatively infrequently in non-cardiovascular tissues, and its detection in these tissues was usually in association with its detection in cardiovascular tissue from the same patient. The organism was also infrequently detected in granulomatous tissue (3/33 specimens). These findings demonstrate that C. pneumoniae is more frequently found in atherosclerotic than normal tissue and support the hypothesis that C. pneumoniae has a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Voice services in next-generation networks: The evolution of the intelligent network and its role in generating new revenue opportunities (2002)

At least half of all interexchange carrier (IXC) voice calls can be classified as 800/Freephone or virtual private network (VPN) calls, generating on the order of $20 billion in revenue for IXC operators in the United States. As next-generation network operators deploy their packet data backbones, these advanced voice services will become essential to network operators seeking to attract key business customers. Furthermore, as incumbent local exchange carriers (ILECs) grow their packet data backbone business, they will gain new revenue-generating opportunities by interworking their existing voice services with new data networks. Intelligent network (IN)-based service platforms will play a key role in addressing such next-generation network needs. For instance, IN-based services are evolving to interwork with the Internet. This evolution will provide existing network-based high-value voice services with an easier to use Web-based graphical user interface (GUI) for both subscriber call control and service provisioning. Easier-to-use services like these will produce more revenue, and IN-based products will expand the revenue-generating potential of voice services for next-generation network providers.
Biochemical evaluation of serum and flexor tenosynovium in carpal tunnel syndrome (2002)

In total, 41 consecutive patients with "idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome" and abnormal electrophysiologic findings who underwent carpal tunnel release were studied prospectively. The focus of this investigation was the evaluation of the levels of specific chemical mediators within the serum and flexor tenosynovium of these patients. Blood was collected from these patients within 1 week prior to carpal tunnel release, and flexor tenosynovium was obtained at time of surgery. Specimens were then analyzed to determine the levels of interleukins 1 and 6, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and malondialdehyde bis diethyl acetal. These values were compared to those of controls who had no evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome. A significant increase was noted in the serum malondialdehyde and tenosynovial levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin 6, and prostaglandin PGE(2) compared to controls. The elevated levels of these biologic factors and the absence of interleukin 1 elevation support a noninflammatory ischemia-reperfusion etiology for so-called "idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome" that causes progressive edema and fibrosis of the tissues within the carpal canal. These findings correlate with previous histopathology reports. We believe that "idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome" is an "-osis" not an "-itis."
Experimental Study of Nerve Regeneration in a Biodegradable Tube Made From Collagen and Polyglycolic Acid (1995)

The authors developed a novel bioabsorbable nerve conduit to induce nerve regeneration across long gaps. It is a composite tube made of polyglycolic acid mesh coated with collagen. Seven cats underwent 25 mm resection of the left sciatic nerve. The proximal and distal nerve stumps were inserted into the tube and fixed with sutures to bridge the 25 mm gap between them. Histologic examination 4 months after implantation of the tube showed regeneration of nerve tissue structure, including myelinated axons and Schwann cells, and somatosensory evoked potentials and electromyograms demonstrated functional recovery of the regenerated nerves. Horseradish peroxidase staining revealed restoration of anterograde and retrograde axonal transport. These results indicate that this polyglycolic acid-collagen composite tube is promising as a nerve conduit that provides adequate nerve regeneration.
Co-expression of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase and (R)-enoyl-CoA hydratase genes of Aeromonas caviae establishes copolyester biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli (1999)

Polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes of Aeromonas caviae were expressed in Escherichia coli LS5218 (fadR atoC(Con)), and the polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing ability of the recombinants was investigated. A LS5218 strain harboring only phaCAc (polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene) did not accumulate any polyhydroxyalkanoate from dodecanoate in spite of the existence of translated polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase protein, whereas co-expression phaCAc and phaJAc ((R)-specific enoyl-CoA hydratase gene) resulted in the accumulation of P(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) copolymer up to 7–11 wt% of dry cell weight from octanoate and dodecanoate. These results indicated that both phaCAc and phaJAc are essential for E. coli LS5218 to establish the polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis pathway from alkanoic acids. The copolyester content in the strain expressing both the genes under the lac promoter control reached to 38 wt% from dodecanoate. Enzyme assays suggest that efficient monomer formation via β-oxidation by a high level expression of phaJAc was important to achieve a high polyhydroxyalkanoate content in the recombinant E. coli.
Prognostic significance of HER-2/neu gene amplification status by fluorescence in Situ hybridization of prostate carcinoma (1997)

HER-2/neu gene amplification by FISH on archival PCs significantly correlates with grade and DNA ploidy status, is more sensitive than IHC in detecting HER-2/neu gene abnormalities, predicts postoperative disease recurrence, and may prove important in planning therapy for patients with prostate carcinoma.
Fatty Acid Alcohol Ester-Synthesizing Activity of Lipoprotein Lipase (1999)

The fatty acid alcohol ester-synthesizing activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was characterized using bovine milk LPL. Synthesizing activities were determined in an aqueous medium using oleic acid or trioleylglycerol as the acyl donor and equimolar amounts of long-chain alcohols as the acyl acceptor. When oleic acid and hexadecanol emulsified with gum arabic were incubated with LPL, palmityl oleate was synthesized, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Apo-very low density lipoprotein (apoVLDL) stimulated LPL-catalyzed palmityl oleate synthesis. The apparent equilibrium ratio of fatty acid alcohol ester/oleic acid was estimated using a high concentration of LPL and a long (20 h) incubation period. The equilibrium ratio was affected by the incubation pH and the alcohol chain length. When the incubation pH was below pH 7.0 and long chain fatty acyl alcohols were used as substrates, the fatty acid alcohol ester/free fatty acid equilibrium ratio favored ester formation, with an apparent equilibrium ratio of fatty acid alcohol ester/fatty acid of about 0.9/0.1. The equilibrium ratio decreased sharply at alkaline pH (above pH 8.0). The ratio also decreased when fatty alcohols with acyl chains shorter than dodecanol were used. When a trioleoylglycerol/fatty acyl alcohol emulsion was incubated with LPL, fatty acid alcohol esters were synthesized in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Fatty acid alcohol esters were easily synthesized from trioleoylglycerol when fatty alcohols with acyl chains longer than dodecanol were used, but synthesis was decreased with fatty alcohols with acyl chain lengths shorter than decanol, and little synthesizing activity was detected with shorter-chain fatty alcohols such as butanol or ethanol.
DNA double strand break repair: Zooming in on the focus (2009)

Comment on: High resolution imaging of changes in the structure and spatial organization of chromatin, γ-H2A.X and the MRN complex within etoposide-induced DNA repair foci. Dellaire G, et al. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:3750-69.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to human erythropoietin. (1982)

Hybrid cells that synthesize a monospecific antibody directed toward erythropoietin have been produced by the fusion of mouse plasmacytoma cells with spleen cells from rats immunized against human erythropoietin. The antibody binds the alpha and beta forms and the asialo alpha form of erythropoietin to the same extent. It is an immunoglobulin of the IgG class and binds only erythropoietin in an impure preparation of the hormone. Biologically active unlabeled erythropoietin competes with biologically inactive radiolabeled hormone for monoclonal antibody binding sites. In addition, the biological activity of erythropoietin measured in vitro is not inactivated when it is bound by the monoclonal antibody.
The Tumor Lysis Syndrome (2011)

The tumor lysis syndrome is the most common disease-related emergency in children and adults with hematologic cancers. This review summarizes current strategies for risk assessment, prophylaxis, and therapy.
Fmoc-Based Synthesis of Peptide α-Thioesters Using an Aryl Hydrazine Support (2004)

C-Terminal peptide thioesters are key intermediates in the synthesis/semisynthesis of proteins and of cyclic peptides by native chemical ligation. They are prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) or biosynthetically by protein splicing techniques. Until recently, the chemical synthesis of C-terminal alpha-thioester peptides by SPPS was largely restricted to the use of Boc/Benzyl chemistry due to the poor stability of the thioester bond to the basic conditions required for the deprotection of the N(alpha)-Fmoc group. In the present work, we describe a new method for the SPPS of C-terminal thioesters using Fmoc/t-Bu chemistry. This method is based on the use of an aryl hydrazine linker, which is totally stable to conditions required for Fmoc-SPPS. When the peptide synthesis has been completed, activation of the linker is achieved by mild oxidation. This step converts the acyl hydrazine group into a highly reactive acyl diazene intermediate which reacts with an alpha-amino acid alkyl thioester (H-AA-SR) to yield the corresponding peptide alpha-thioester in good yield. This method has been successfully used to prepare a variety of peptide thioesters, cyclic peptides, and a fully functional Src homology 3 (SH3) protein domain.
cdc2a expression in Arabidopsis is linked with competence for cell division. (1993)

A key regulator of the cell cycle is a highly conserved protein kinase whose catalytic subunit, p34(cdc2), is encoded by the cdc2 gene. We studied the control of the expression of the Arabidopsis cdc2a gene in cell suspensions and during plant development. In cell cultures, arrest of the cell cycle did not significantly affect cdc2a mRNA levels, but nutrient conditions were important for cdc2a expression. During plant development, the pattern of cdc2a expression was strongly correlated with the cell proliferation potential. The effects of external signals on cdc2a expression were analyzed. Wounding induced expression in leaves. Lack of light altered temporal regulation of cdc2a in the apical but not root meristem of seedlings. Differential cdc2a responses were obtained after different hormone treatments. Signals present only in intact plants were necessary to mediate these responses. Although other control levels have yet to be analyzed, these results suggest that the regulation of cdc2a expression may contribute greatly to spatial and temporal regulation of cell division in plants. Our results also show that cdc2a expression is not always coupled with cell proliferation but always precedes it. We propose that cdc2a expression may reflect a state of competence to divide, and that the release of other controls is necessary for cell division to occur.