gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular transformation by adenovirus type 5 is influenced by the viral DNA polymerase (1987)

Early region 2B (E2B) of the group C adenoviruses encodes a number of proteins, including the 140-kilodalton DNA polymerase, which plays a role in the initiation of viral DNA replication. Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants with mutations mapping to E2B are conditionally defective for both DNA replication in human cells and transformation of rat cells. Nucleotide sequence analysis shows that the E2B mutant ts36 possesses a single point mutation specific to the viral DNA polymerase; this transition of a C to a T at position 7623 changes leucine residue 249 in the polymerase to a phenylalanine. A wild-type (ts+) revertant possesses a codon specifying the original leucine at position 249. Phenotypic analysis of revertant and wild-type viruses derived by marker rescue from ts36 shows that these variants are wild type for both viral DNA replication and transformation. Thus, the single point mutation in the polymerase gene of ts36 is responsible for both defects.
NF-κB signaling pathways in mammalian and insect innate immunity (2001)

Innate immunity is the first line of defense against infectious microorganisms. The innate immune system relies on germ line-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to recognize pathogen-derived substances (Janeway 1989). Activation of the innate immune system through these receptors leads to the expression of a vast array of antimicrobial effector molecules that attack microorganisms at many different levels. The innate immune system appeared early in evolution, and the basic mechanisms of pathogen recognition and activation of the response are conserved throughout much of the animal kingdom (Hoffmann et al. 1999). In contrast to innate immunity, the adaptive immune system generates antigen-specific receptors, antibodies, and T-cell receptors by somatic cell DNA rearrangement. These receptors, found only in higher eukaryotes, recognize specific pathogen-encoded proteins. Mammals have a complex immune response, which relies on communication between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The innate immune response generates a costimulatory signal, which is required in combination with antigen-specific recognition to activate T-cells and the adaptive immune system. Antigen-specific recognition in the absence of costimulation can lead to anergy rather than activation (Janeway 1989). Thus, the activation of an antigen-specific response is coupled to infection through the innate immune system. Insects have a very potent innate immune response that effectively combats a broad spectrum of pathogens. For example, Drosophila can withstand, and clear, bacterial burdens that, relative to their size, would be lethal to mammals (Hoffmann and Reichhart 1997). Induction of innate immunity in both mammals and insects leads to the activation of similar effector mechanisms, such as stimulation of cell-based phagocytic activity and expression of antimicrobial peptides (Hoffmann et al. 1999). For example, Drosophila produce a wide range of potent antimicrobial peptides in response to infection by fungi or bacteria (Hoffmann and Reichhart 1997). Induction of the antimicrobial peptides is regulated at the level of transcription, and they are expressed primarily in the fat body, the insect liver analog. Recent studies have revealed striking similarities in the signaling pathways used by humans and flies to activate their innate immune responses. In both cases, infection leads to the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which in turn initiate intracellular signaling cascades that culminate in the activation of NFB/Rel family transcription factors. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the signaling pathways in mammalian and Drosophila innate immunity, with emphasis on the mechanisms by which NFB/Rel family proteins are activated.
Cyclophilin inhibition as potential therapy for liver diseases (2014)

The cyclophilins are a group of proteins with peptidyl-prolyl isomerase enzymatic activity, localised in different cellular compartments and involved in a variety of functions related to cell metabolism and energy homeostasis, having enhanced expression in inflammation or malignancy. Cyclophilin A (CypA), the most abundantly expressed cyclophilin, is present mainly in the cytoplasm and is a host factor involved in the life cycle of multiple viruses. The extracellular fractions of CypA and CypB are potent pro-inflammatory mediators. CypD, located in mitochondria, is a key regulator of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, and is critical for necrotic cell death. Cyclosporines are the prototype cyclophilin inhibitors. Cyclic peptides, which bind and inhibit cyclophilins without having immunosuppressive properties, have been generated by chemical modifications of cyclosporin A. In addition, cyclophilin inhibitors that are structurally different from cyclosporines have been synthesized. The involvement of cyclophilins in the pathogenesis of different liver diseases has been established using both in vitro and in vivo investigations, thus indicating that cyclophilin inhibition may be of therapeutic benefit. This review summarises the evidence for potential therapeutic applications of non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitors, alone or in combination with other agents, in virus-induced liver diseases like hepatitis C, B or Delta, liver inflammation and fibrosis, acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Design and control of high-speed solid-rotor synchronous reluctance drive with three-phase LC filter (2005)

Synchronous reluctance machines with solid rotor construction have advantages in certain high-speed applications such as flywheel energy storage systems. However, the solid rotor allows the flow of eddy currents, resulting in heat generation. A three-phase LC filter can reduce rotor losses due to the switching harmonics generated by a 3-phase inverter. This paper investigates the design and control of a high-speed synchronous reluctance drive with a three-phase LC filter. A two-phase dynamic model of the drive which incorporates the LC filter dynamics is presented. This model is used to predict rotor losses due to switching harmonics using phasor analysis. A feedforward-based current regulator is utilized, which is modified to include the effects of the LC filter. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed approach.
Applications of digital holographic microscopes with partially spatial coherence sources (2008)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Regulation of a Graft-Versus-Leukemia Effect by Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecules on Leukemia Cells: HLA-DR1 Expression Renders K562 Cell Tumors Resistant to Adoptively Transferred Lymphocytes in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mice/Nonobese Diabetic Mice (1997)

To understand the role of key molecules in determining the strength and nature of allogeneic T-cell response to leukemia, we transfected HLA-DR1 into the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-deficient, natural killer (NK)-cell sensitive K562 leukemia cell line. Untransfected K562 cells stimulated NK proliferation in vitro and formed subcutaneous tumors in severe combined immunodeficiency/non-obese diabetic (SCID/NOD) mice. Tumor growth was inhibited by adoptive intravenous transfer of fresh unprimed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In contrast, HLA-DR1 transfected cells stimulated CD4+ T cells, but not NK-cell proliferation in vitro and formed tumors resistant to fresh PBMC in SCID/NOD mice. Tumors not expressing MHC were infiltrated with CD16+CD56+ lymphocytes whereas nonregressing HLA-DR1 expressing tumors showed only a scanty infiltration with both T-cell and NK-cell subsets. The results indicate that MHC class II expression by leukemia cells can determine the effector cell type that it engages. In vivo MHC class II expression rendered K562 cell tumors resistant to NK-cell mediated antitumor reactivity.
Improving Metabolic Control Leads to Better Working Memory in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

Similar and statistically significant cognitive improvement was observed with both rosiglitazone and glyburide therapy, and the magnitude of this effect was correlated with the degree to which FPG improved. These results suggest that a cognitive benefit is achievable with pharmacological interventions targeting glycemic control.
MHC Class II Regulation — Lessons from a Disease (1995)

Elucidating the molecular and genetic basis of a hereditary disease often has implications that go beyond the understanding of the disease itself and that may concern important biologic processes. When it was shown that a form of primary immunodeficiency, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II deficiency (also referred to as the bare lymphocyte syndrome), was in fact a disease of gene regulation involving trans-acting regulatory factors,1 there was hope that elucidating the genetic basis of that rare disease might lead to the identification of the essential regulators of MHC class II gene expression. MHC class II genes, originally described . . .
TPD‐TG‐MS Investigations of the Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol over MOx‐Al2O3‐PO4 Catalysts (2010)

Abstract The catalytic performance of bifunctional catalysts, MO x ‐Al 2 O 3 ‐PO 4 , that contain acidic centers and different transition metal oxide components were evaluated in the gas‐phase dehydration of glycerol using the TPD‐TG‐MS technique and a continuous flow reactor experiment. The initial catalytic activity and selectivity to acrolein and acetol significantly depends on the acidity and the type of transition metal oxide. The higher the total acidity, the higher the acrolein selectivity in the order W &gt; Mo &gt; Cu &gt; V~ Fe ~Cr &gt; Ce. On the other hand, Mn‐, Cr‐, and Fe‐containing catalysts favor the formation of products of oxidative C‐C cleavage. TPD‐TG‐MS investigations of catalysts loaded with glycerol are useful tools for fast‐screening of initial activities of catalysts in the gas‐phase dehydration of glycerol.
Quantum-dot concentrator and thermodynamic model for the global redshift (2000)

The use of quantum dots can turn the old concept of a luminescent solar collector into a practical concentrator. The quantum efficiency, tunability of absorption threshold, and size of the redshift make quantum dots an ideal replacement for the organic dyes whose performance limited this inexpensive technology. Progress in photovoltaic cells, in particular, the ability of quantum-well cells to tune the band gap, also suggests high efficiency is possible in solar and thermophotovoltaic applications. A thermodynamic model is used to show quantitatively how the separation of absorption and luminescent peaks under global illumination is related to the spread of quantum-dot sizes. Hence, the redshift can be determined during the growth process. The model can be used to optimize concentrator performance and to study the effect of reabsorption, which is important for high concentration even if the quantum efficiency is unity. This model provides a quantitative explanation for the contribution of the spread of sizes to the redshift, which should help in the extraction of the much smaller, single-dot effects.
Cytokines and adhesive molecules in detection of endothelial dysfunction. (2006)

Inflammatory response comprises endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic cascade. Adhesion molecules and cytokines are involved in both injury and reparative processes observed in an inflammed atherosclerotic vascular wall. As markers and mediators of endothelial dysfunction, adhesion molecules and cytokines seem to be a logical target of studying endothelial dysfunction, and especially because they participate not only in local but also in systemic response to injury. The present paper provides an overview of current clinical knowledge on the role of adhesive molecules and cytokines in endothelial dysfunction and overt atherosclerosis. Their participation in immune mechanisms of atherogenesis is analyzed with special consideration of the type of immune response. Clinical experience with adhesion molecules and cytokines related to risk factors, presentations and complications of atherosclerosis is also presented. The impact of revascularization procedures on adhesive molecules and cytokines levels as well as prognostic value of their assessment is summarized.
Characterization of a novel protein‐binding module — the WW domain (1995)

We have identified, characterized and cloned human, mouse and chicken cDNA of a novel protein that binds to the Src homology domain 3 (SH3) of the Yes proto-oncogene product. We subsequently named it YAP for Yes-associated protein. Analysis of the YAP sequence revealed a protein module that was found in various structural, regulatory and signaling molecules. Because one of the prominent features of this sequence motif is the presence of two conserved tryptophans (W), we named it the WW domain. Using a functional screen of a cDNA expression library, we have identified two putative ligands of the WW domain of YAP which we named WBP-1 and WBP-2. Peptide sequence comparison between the two partial clones revealed a homologous proline-rich region. Binding assays and site-specific mutagenesis have shown that the proline-rich motif binds with relatively high affinity and specificity to the WW domain of YAP, with a preliminary consensus that is different from the SH3-binding PXXP motif. This suggests that the WW domain has a role in mediating protein-protein interactions via proline-rich regions, similar but distinct from Src homology 3 (SH3) domains. Based on this finding, we hypothesize that additional protein modules exist and that they could be isolated using proline-rich peptides as functional probes.
Interleukin 1 regulates heparin-binding growth factor 2 gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. (1991)

The angiogenic polypeptide heparin-binding growth factor 2 (HBGF-2), or basic fibroblast growth factor, is a mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Smooth muscle cells also synthesize HBGF-2; thus, it may stimulate their proliferation in vivo by both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. We report here that HBGF-2 gene expression in human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells is induced by interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, inflammatory cytokines produced by many cell types in response to a variety of signals. Maximal HBGF-2 mRNA levels are detected 2-4 hr after IL-1 treatment; induction may require de novo protein synthesis and does not occur if transcription is inhibited. Immunoprecipitation analysis indicates that IL-1-stimulated cells also express an increased amount of HBGF-2 protein. Interferon gamma and glucocorticoids, inhibitors of smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, suppress the induction of HBGF-2 expression by IL-1. These results imply that cytokines released at sites of vascular injury or inflammation may regulate HBGF-2 production by smooth muscle cells. Increased HBGF-2 levels within the vessel wall could play a role in both the smooth muscle cell proliferation and the neovascularization associated with the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study, 6: Effect of Cataract on Visual Field and Visual Acuity (2000)

On average, visual function scores improved after cataract surgery. The findings of reduced race-treatment interactions after adjustment for cataract do not alter our earlier conclusion that the AGIS 7-year results support use of the ALT-trabeculectomy-trabeculectomy sequence for black patients and of the trabeculectomy-ALT-trabeculectomy sequence for white patients without life-threatening health problems. The choice of treatment should take into account individual patient characteristics and needs.
The USTC System for Blizzard Challenge 2009 (2009)

This paper introduces the speech synthesis system developed by USTC for Blizzard Challenge 2012. An audiobook speech corpus is adopted as the training data for system construction this year. Similar to our previous systems, the hidden Markov model (HMM) based unit selection and waveform concatenation approach is followed to develop our speech synthesis system using this corpus. Considering the inconsistent recording conditions and the narrator’s expressiveness within the corpus, we add some channel and expressiveness related labels to each sentence besides the conventional segmental and prosodic labels for system construction. The evaluation results of Blizzard Challenge 2012 show that our system performs well in all evaluation tests, which proves the effectiveness of the HMM-based unit selection approach in coping with a non-standard speech synthesis corpus. Index Terms: Speech synthesis, unit selection, hidden Markov model
Coding Algorithms for 3DTV—A Survey (2007)

Research efforts on 3DTV technology have been strengthened worldwide recently, covering the whole media processing chain from capture to display. Different 3DTV systems rely on different 3D scene representations that integrate various types of data. Efficient coding of these data is crucial for the success of 3DTV. Compression of pixel-type data including stereo video, multiview video, and associated depth or disparity maps extends available principles of classical video coding. Powerful algorithms and open international standards for multiview video coding and coding of video plus depth data are available and under development, which will provide the basis for introduction of various 3DTV systems and services in the near future. Compression of 3D mesh models has also reached a high level of maturity. For static geometry, a variety of powerful algorithms are available to efficiently compress vertices and connectivity. Compression of dynamic 3D geometry is currently a more active field of research. Temporal prediction is an important mechanism to remove redundancy from animated 3D mesh sequences. Error resilience is important for transmission of data over error prone channels, and multiple description coding (MDC) is a suitable way to protect data. MDC of still images and 2D video has already been widely studied, whereas multiview video and 3D meshes have been addressed only recently. Intellectual property protection of 3D data by watermarking is a pioneering research area as well. The 3D watermarking methods in the literature are classified into three groups, considering the dimensions of the main components of scene representations and the resulting components after applying the algorithm. In general, 3DTV coding technology is maturating. Systems and services may enter the market in the near future. However, the research area is relatively young compared to coding of other types of media. Therefore, there is still a lot of room for improvement and new development of algorithms.
Toll‐like receptor expression in murine DC subsets: lack of TLR7 expression by CD8α+ DC correlates with unresponsiveness to imidazoquinolines (2003)

Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize microbial and viral patterns and activate dendritic cells (DC). TLR distribution among human DC subsets is heterogeneous: plasmacytoid DC (PDC) express TLR1, 7 and 9, while other DC types do not express TLR9 but express other TLR. Here, we report that mRNA for most TLR is expressed at similar levels by murine splenic DC sub-types, including PDC, but that TLR3 is preferentially expressed by CD8 alpha(+) DC while TLR5 and TLR7 are selectively absent from the same subset. Consistent with the latter, TLR7 ligand activates CD8 alpha(-) DC and PDC, but not CD8 alpha(+) DC as measured by survival ex vivo, up-regulation of surface markers and production of IL-12p40. These data suggest that the dichotomy in TLR expression between plasmacytoid and non-plasmacytoid DC is not conserved between species. However, lack of TLR7 expression could restrict the involvement of CD8 alpha(+) DC in recognition of certain mouse pathogens.
Innate Defense Regulator Peptide 1018 in Wound Healing and Wound Infection (2012)

Innate defense regulators (IDRs) are synthetic immunomodulatory versions of natural host defense peptides (HDP). IDRs mediate protection against bacterial challenge in the absence of direct antimicrobial activity, representing a novel approach to anti-infective and anti-inflammatory therapy. Previously, we reported that IDR-1018 selectively induced chemokine responses and suppressed pro-inflammatory responses. As there has been an increasing appreciation for the ability of HDPs to modulate complex immune processes, including wound healing, we characterized the wound healing activities of IDR-1018 in vitro. Further, we investigated the efficacy of IDR-1018 in diabetic and non-diabetic wound healing models. In all experiments, IDR-1018 was compared to the human HDP LL-37 and HDP-derived wound healing peptide HB-107. IDR-1018 was significantly less cytotoxic in vitro as compared to either LL-37 or HB-107. Furthermore, administration of IDR-1018 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in fibroblast cellular respiration. In vivo, IDR-1018 demonstrated significantly accelerated wound healing in S. aureus infected porcine and non-diabetic but not in diabetic murine wounds. However, no significant differences in bacterial colonization were observed. Our investigation demonstrates that in addition to previously reported immunomodulatory activities IDR-1018 promotes wound healing independent of direct antibacterial activity. Interestingly, these effects were not observed in diabetic wounds. It is anticipated that the wound healing activities of IDR-1018 can be attributed to modulation of host immune pathways that are suppressed in diabetic wounds and provide further evidence of the multiple immunomodulatory activities of IDR-1018.
布迪厄“文化资本”观念的本源、早期发展与现状 (2006)

一、布迪厄文化观念发展的文化语境 若想探讨布迪厄的“文化资本”观念，还需从他早年的生活谈起。他在后来对于个人成长经历的表述说明，他是在不同的环境里长大的。在《反思社会学导引》（An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology）一书的某些段落中，布迪厄曾回顾说：他就像福楼拜（Haubert）一样，由于在很小的时候就被送入寄宿学校，因此有能力客观地思考个人的经历（布迪厄、华康德，1992：205）。在《语言与符号权力》（Languageand Symbolic Power）一书里，布迪厄同样谈到了自己在孩提时代所体会到的贝阿恩（Bearn）家乡方言与学校正规法语之间的语言差异（布迪厄，1991：68-69）。是否这些与他日后的立论有关？换句话说，是否有一种经验式的差异造成了二元的概念化？或者说，是否这种概念化被用于解释他的经验？这些疑问均尚难断定。但是，事实表明，布迪厄的思维总是带有二元性的特征，一方面是人们所称的自然的、家庭特有的、内部的或者说传统的文化；
Synthetic sequence specific DNA binding molecules (1987)

The design of sequence specific DNA-binding molecules has advanced in recent years due, in part, to the development of analytical techniques such as footprinting and affinity cleaving which allow rapid and precise analysis of hundreds of of potential DNA binding sites. The construction of synthetic molecules that bind in the minor and major groove of DNA with incrementally increasing sequence specificity is simply the first step toward developing a set of rules for the three-dimensional readout of double helical DNA.
Control Selection for RNA Quantitation (2000)

The study of mammalian gene expression is often carried out at the level of mRNA. In such analyses, one usually measures the amount of an mRNA of interest under different conditions such as stress, growth, development, cell and tissue localization or as part of an evaluation of the effects of gene transfection. A variety of techniques exist to measure gene expression and most commonly involve Northern hybridization analysis, ribonuclease protection or RT-PCR. Common to all of these assays is the inclusion of a so-called loading or internal control (i.e., analysis of an mRNA that does not change in relative abundance during the course of treatments). Here, we discuss the uses and pitfalls of the most popular of these controls, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and beta-actin, with special emphasis on precautions associated with the use of GAPDH.
Vaginal epithelialization with human amnion. (1979)

Human amnion is a readily available and inexpensive allograft with low antigenicity, high antimicrobial potential, and the ability to foster epithelialization. It has been used to reconstruct the vagina in 2 patients following vaginectomy for diffuse carcinoma in situ (CIS) and in 1 patient following severe, corrosive, vulvovaginal burns. It was also used to construct the vagina in 1 patient with müllerian agenesis. In all 4 cases, epithelialization was complete within 8 weeks.