gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune responses in mice of β‐galactosidase adsorbed or encapsulated in poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres (2005)

The immune response induced in mice by beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) adsorbed or encapsulated on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres was investigated. The encapsulated protein elicited higher antibody response than the protein adsorbed on the microspheres in the case of the PLA microspheres. However, the encapsulated protein elicited weaker antibody response than the adsorbed protein in the case of the PLGA (50:50) microspheres, probably because, in this case, the encapsulation process adversely affected protein immunogenicity. In the case of adsorbed beta-gal, higher antibody response was obtained with the PLA microspheres than with the PLGA (50:50) microspheres. This may be related to the lower rate of beta-gal desorption from the PLA microspheres. Based on the immunoglobulin G1/immunoglobulin G2a ratios and the stimulation indices for interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, beta-gal encapsulated or adsorbed on PLA microspheres induced a Th(1)-biased immune response whereas beta-gal encapsulated or adsorbed on PLGA (50:50) microspheres induced a Th(2)-biased immune response. The results obtained indicate that more potent immune responses are obtained when the protein is encapsulated than adsorbed on the microspheres, providing that the encapsulation process does not adversely affect protein immunogenicity. Also, the type of polymer used to prepare the microspheres, but not the method of protein association with the microspheres, may affect the type of immune response.
Tissue distribution, intracellular localization and proteolytic processing of rat 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (2003)

4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) is an important enzyme involved in tyrosine catabolism. HPD was shown to be identical to a protein named the F-antigen, exploited by immunologists because of its unique immunological properties. Congenital HPD deficiency is a rare, relatively benign condition known as hereditary type III tyrosinemia. Decreased expression of HPD is often observed in association with the severe type I tyrosinemia, and interestingly, inhibition of HPD activity seems to ameliorate the clinical symptoms of type I tyrosinemia. In this study we present a comprehensive analysis of tissue specific expression and intracellular localization of HPD in the rat. By combined use of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry we confirm previously known sites of expression in liver and kidney. In addition, we show that HPD is abundantly expressed in neurons in the cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus. By using immunoelectron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we provide evidence that HPD contrary to earlier assumptions specifically localizes to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Detailed mass spectrometric analyses of HPD purified from rat liver revealed N-terminal and C-terminal processing of HPD, and expression of recombinant HPD suggested that C-terminal processing enhances the enzymatic activity.
Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Structure Drives CD4-Dependent CD8+ T Cell Response to Vector Encoded Proteins (2009)

The immunological sequelae of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer in vivo is quite complex. In murine models, most AAV capsids are associated with minimal or dysfunctional T cell responses to antigenic transgene products. In this study we compared T cell activation against AAV2/8 and AAV2/rh32.33 vectors expressing nuclear-targeted LacZ (nLacZ), GFP, or firefly luciferase in murine skeletal muscle. We show that, unlike AAV8, AAVrh32.33 yields qualitatively and quantitatively robust T cell responses to both the capsid and transgene product. AAV2/rh32.33.CB.nLacZ, but not AAV2/8, drives a high degree of cellular infiltration and a loss of detectable transgene expression in C57BL/6 mice. However, cellular immunity to AAVrh32.33 is ablated in the absence of CD4, CD40L, or CD28, permitting stable beta-galactosidase expression. Treatment of CD40L(-/-) mice with the CD40 agonist, FGK45, failed to restore the CD8 response to AAV2/rh32.33.nLacZ, suggesting that additional factors are involved. Our results suggest that specific domains within the AAVrh32.33 capsid augment the adaptive response to both capsid and transgene Ags in a CD4-dependent pathway involving CD40L signaling and CD28 costimulation. Structural comparison of the AAV8 and rh32.33 capsids has identified key differences that may drive differential immunity by affecting tropism, Ag presentation or the activation of innate immunity. This murine model of AAV-mediated cytotoxicity allows us to delineate the mechanism of viral immune activation, which is relevant to the translation of AAV technology in higher order species.
Coordination-directed assembly of trigonal and tetragonal molecular boxes encapsulating anionic guests † (2001)

M2L3 and M2L4 box-like complexes {[Ag2(pbbimb)3][CF3SO3]21 and [Cu2(mbbimb)4][ClO4]42} with respective S3 and S4 symmetry, in which anionic molecular guests are accommodated, have been synthesized and structurally characterized.
Time Course of Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis After Brief Corneal Inflammation (2006)

After a temporary inflammatory insult to the cornea, there is initially parallel outgrowth of both blood and lymphatic vessels. But thereafter, lymphatic vessels regress earlier than blood vessels and are completely regressed by 6 months. Earlier regression of pathologic corneal lymph versus blood vessels suggests that corneal graft survival in high-risk eyes might best be delayed for a prolonged interval following an inflammatory insult.
Soluble CD163: a marker molecule for monocyte/macrophage activity in disease (2002)

By immunoprecipitation we have identified a soluble plasma form of CD163 (sCD163), the IL-6 inducible macrophage-receptor for clearing haptoglobin-haemoglobin complexes. A sandwich ELISA for measuring sCD163 was established and used to determine the sCD163 levels in normal subjects and patients with inflammatory and myeloproliferative diseases. In normal subjects, the concentration of sCD163 was high (median 1.9 mg/l) with low intra-individual variation. Highly increased levels were seen in patients with sepsis, myeloid leukaemia and in patients with Gaucher disease characterized by accumulation of tissue macrophages. Although the physiological role of sCD163 remains unknown, our present data suggest that sCD163 might prove to be a valuable marker molecule in infectious and myeloproliferative diseases.
Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Lymphomatous Features Associated with Abnormalities of the Short Arm of Chromosome 9 (1985)

Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who present with bulky disease of the lymph nodes, spleen, or mediastinum--so-called "lymphomatous ALL"--appear to represent a distinct subgroup among patients with ALL of T-cell lineage who have different clinical findings, but the biologic basis for these differences is not known. While studying 65 patients with lymphoblastic leukemia whose karyotype was determined at diagnosis, we compared the findings in 8 patients with lymphomatous ALL and 57 patients whose presentations were more typical of ALL. Six patients with lymphomatous ALL had karyotypic abnormalities leading to loss of bands p21-p22 on the short arm of chromosome 9. The mechanisms varied and included deletions, unbalanced translocations, or loss of the entire chromosome. Only 1 of the 57 patients without lymphomatous ALL had an abnormality of chromosome 9 at diagnosis (P less than 0.001). These findings indicate that loss of chromosomal material in the region of 9p21-p22 is closely associated with lymphomatous ALL; by analogy with retinoblastoma, in which gene deletions are associated with an enzyme deficiency, this disease may be related to the loss of the enzyme methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, previously reported in some of these patients.
Visceral Infection Caused by Leishmania tropica in Veterans of Operation Desert Storm (1993)

L. tropica can produce visceral infection that can cause unexplained systemic illness in persons returning from areas where this organism is endemic.
Intramolecular inhibition of activating transcription factor-2 function by its DNA-binding domain. (1996)

ATF-2 is a cellular basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor that can mediate diverse transcriptional responses, including activation by the adenovirus Ela protein. ATF-2 contains an activation domain, required for transcriptional activity, but in the absence of an appropriate inducer, full-length ATF-2 is transcriptionally inactive. Here we have investigated the mechanism underlying this regulated inhibition of ATF-2 transcriptional activity. We show that the region of ATF-2 that suppresses the activation region is the bZIP DNA-binding domain and that maximal inhibition requires both the basic region and leucine zipper subdomains. Inhibition is activation domain specific: The ATF-2 bZIP suppresses the ATF-2 and the related Ela activation domains but not acidic- and glutamine-rich activation domains. In vitro protein interaction assays demonstrate that the ATF-2 activation domain and bZIP specifically bind to one another. Finally, we show that bZIP-mediated inhibition can be modulated in a cell-type-specific manner by another sequence element within ATF-2. On the basis of these and other data, we propose that the ATF-2 bZIP and activation domain are engaged in an inhibitory intramolecular interaction and that inducers of ATF-2 disrupt this interaction to activate transcription.
The Effect of Cobalt and Iron Salts on the Anaemia of Prematurity (1954)

view is also held by Mackay (1935). Josephs also thought that iron deficiency does not occur before the third month except in cases of loss as in haemorrhage or excessive haemalysis, but that after the third month iron deficiency becomes increasingly important. He concluded that in premature infants 85
Detection of antibodies inhibiting the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of pertussis toxin in human serum (1992)

Bordetella pertussis produces a protein virulence factor termed pertussis toxin. Many candidate pertussis vaccines are based on the rationale that an immune response that neutralizes the virulence activities of this toxin, which are thought to arise from its catalytic ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, would be beneficial. The report describes two methods that quantify the inhibition of this activity by human serum. One, termed a direct assay, involves an initial incubation of toxin with serum, a second incubation that activates the toxin, and a third incubation that measures the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of the mixture. The other assay, termed a plate assay, involves immobilization of the toxin, exposure of the immobilized toxin to serum and washing of the plate, and then activation and assay of the toxin's ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. The plate assay may be more selective than the direct assay in terms of identifying antibodies that neutralize the toxin in vivo. Sera from controls, selected patients presenting with cough, and vaccinated infants were first analyzed by the direct assay. In contrast to sera from controls, sera from several of the patients and vaccinated infants strongly inhibited activity. Dose-response curves of inhibition were determined for samples from three vaccinated infants by both the direct and plate assays. One of the samples had a dose-response curve of a different shape and thus differed not only in titer but also in functional characteristics. A comparison of inhibition of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and neutralization in a CHO cell assay indicated that there was incomplete agreement between the two assays. Taken together, these results indicate that measurement of inhibition of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity by human serum is practical and may be useful in the evaluation of responses to pertussis vaccines.
Conducting a job search on the Internet (1997)

Job hunting is probably one of the best Internet applications to date, since it promises to bring candidates and companies together worldwide. Nevertheless, online career services frustrate many candidates: resume submission processes are complex, and they can't guarantee privacy for someone already employed. However, if you follow certain steps, you can ensure the highest possible visibility while retaining the maximum level of privacy; the article presents guidelines on how best to achieve this.
Epidermal growth factor receptor, c-erbB2 and c-erbB3 receptor interaction, and related cell cycle kinetics of SK-BR-3 and BT474 breast carcinoma cells (2001)

We show that in the presence of identical amounts of c-erbB2 receptors, the ligand-induced cellular response differs significantly. These differences were mediated by variances in signal transduction, most likely due to different recruitment of heterotypic receptor complexes. Overall, there is strong evidence that c-erbB2 receptor overexpression in breast cancer cells is an insufficient marker to determine cellular response in terms of cell proliferation. 2001.
Effect of diethylaminoethyl-dextran on colony formation of human tumor cells in semisolid suspension cultures. (1983)

The effect of diethylaminoethyl-dextran on colony formation of established and primary human ovarian and breast tumor cells in semisolid suspension cultures was investigated. At the concentration of 250 to 300 micrograms/ml used in the human tumor stem cell assay, diethylaminoethyl-dextran inhibited in vitro growth of 3 of 4 human breast tumor cell lines and of 10 of 19 primary tumors. It did not affect growth in 7 primary tumors and enhanced colony formation in 2 tumors. We suggest that diethylaminoethyl-dextran may interact in the human tumor stem cell assay with other sites additional to sulfuric acid residues of the agar and that these effects may cancel or outweigh its purported beneficial effects.
AIDS Research Reviews (1991)

Molecular biology - structural determinants of specific HIV Tat/TAR and Rev/RRE interactions, Jianshi Tao and Alan D. Frankel, genome organization and genentic variation of feline immunodeficiency virus, Marnix L. Bosch, et al, molecular mechanisms of Tat and Rev, Michael R. Green pathogenesis - a possible role of dendritic cells in HIV-1 replication and transmission, Erik Langhoff and William A. Haseltine, models for HIV pathogenesis, Angus G. Dalgleish, autoimmune manifestations in HIV disease - clinical and experimental aspects, Thomas F. Kresina, et al, FIV - a model for retrovirus-induced pathogenesis, Louis J. Lafrado, et al, human immunodeficiency infection in Tanzania, J. Shao, et al host responses - in vitro correlates of HIV and SIV hurmoal immunity and infection enhancement, David C. Montefiori, natural immunity in HIV infection - role and mechanism of natural killer cell activity, Roberto Cauda and Luigi Ortona, fine specificity of the humoral immune response to HIV-1 gp160, Ronald Q. Warren and Ronald C. Kennedy, idiotypic and genetic expression of the anti-HIV antibody repertoire and its modulation by means of anti-idiotypes, Florence Boudet, et al immunotherapy - passive protection against HIV infection, Krishna K. Murthy, human and Chimpanzee monoclonal antibodies with antiviral activity against HIV-1, Shermaine A. Tilley and Abraham Pinter vaccine development - structure and functional basis of monoclonal antireceptor antibodies, Roberta Attanasio and Ronald C. Kennedy, functional epitopes of HIV/SIV envelope glycoproteins, Kristina Broliden and Douglas F. Nixon, mucosal immunity - challenges for HIV vaccines, Bruce D. Forrest, high-titer neutralization of multiple HIV-1 isolates by radially branched immunogens, Alan M. Walfield, et al, novel poxvirus strains as research tools and vaccine vectors, James Tartaglia, et al, novel adjuvants from Quillaja saponaria Molina, Charlotte Read Kensil, et al, toward global clontrol of AIDS - immediate and long-term needs, John C. Petricciani.
Vaccination With Cetuximab Mimotopes and Biological Properties of Induced Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibodies (2005)

Background: The monoclonal antibody cetuximab (IMC-225, Erbitux) inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and has been approved for metastatic colon cancer therapy. However, to achieve effective titers, passive antibody therapies must be repeatedly administered over long periods. To overcome this limitation, we aimed to generate a vaccine inducing continuously available “cetuximab-like” antibodies in vivo using the mimotope approach. Methods: We used the phage display technique to identify four peptides structurally mimicking the cetuximab epitope. We coupled two of these peptides to an immunogenic carrier protein, and we vaccinated four groups (n = 8) of BALB/c mice intraperitoneally with 10 μg of the mimotope conjugates, a control peptide conjugate, or the carrier protein alone. We assessed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by the induced antibodies against EGFR-overexpressing human A431 carcinoma cells. We then tested receptor internalization capacity of the induced antibodies with fluorescently labeled EGFR, and we assayed their growth inhibitory potential toward A431 cells with a [ 3 H]thymidine proliferation assay. Results: Mimotope-induced antibodies recognized EGFR, and both types of antibody-mediated cytotoxic effects were elicited by these antibodies. In both cellular cytotoxicity assays, the mimotope-induced antibodies exhibited specific lysis of more than 50%. The induced antibodies caused internalization of the receptor from the cell surface into endocytic vesicles and inhibited growth of EGFR-expressing cells to a similar extent as cetuximab [67% (95% confidence interval {CI} = 55% to 79%) and 69% (95% CI = 55% to 84%), respectively]. Conclusions: Epitope-specific immunization is feasible for active anti-EGFR immunotherapy. The in vitro biologic features of mimotope-induced antibodies are similar to those of the monoclonal antibody cetuximab.
Sub-meter indoor localization in unmodified environments with inexpensive sensors (2010)

The interpretation of uncertain sensor streams for localization is usually considered in the context of a robot. Increasingly, however, portable consumer electronic devices, such as smartphones, are equipped with sensors including WiFi radios, cameras, and inertial measurement units (IMUs). Many tasks typically associated with robots, such as localization, would be valuable to perform on such devices. In this paper, we present an approach for indoor localization exclusively using the low-cost sensors typically found on smartphones. Environment modification is not needed. We rigorously evaluate our method using ground truth acquired using a laser range scanner. Our evaluation includes overall accuracy and a comparison of the contribution of individual sensors. We find experimentally that fusion of multiple sensor modalities is necessary for optimal performance and demonstrate sub-meter localization accuracy.
A Recombinant Human Interferon- B/D Hybrid with a Broad Host-range (1987)

A recombinant interferon (IFN) hybrid has been found to have a broad host-range of activity in an antiviral assay (plaque reduction of vesicular stomatitis virus) and also high efficacy as an antiviral agent in at least 12 different animal cell species. The IFN hybrid consists of amino acids 1 to 60 from HuIFN-alpha B and amino acids 61 to 166 from HuIFN-alpha D. The profile of cross-species activity of the IFN-alpha B/D hybrid has been compared with that of HuIFN-alpha F, and of the parents HuIFN-alpha B and -alpha D. When both IFN-alpha B and -alpha D were active in a cell species, the hybrid IFN had comparable or better activity than the more active parental IFN. The hybrid shared a broad cross-species activity with IFN-alpha D. However, the IFN-alpha B/D hybrid was 10-fold more active on human cells, 30-fold more active on rabbit cells, and 50-fold more active on mouse cells than IFN-alpha D.
The Gap Junction Protein Connexin32 Interacts with the Src Homology 3/Hook Domain of Discs Large Homolog 1 (2007)

Scaffolding of membrane proteins is a common strategy for forming complexes of proteins, including some connexins, within membrane microdomains. Here we describe studies indicating that Cx32 interacts with a PDZ-containing scaffolding protein, Dlgh1 (Discs Large homolog 1). Initial screens of liver lysates using antibody arrays indicated an interaction between Cx32 and Dlgh1 that was confirmed using coimmunoprecipitation studies. Yeast two-hybrid complementation determined that the Cx32 bound via interaction with the SH3/Hook domain of Dlgh1. Confocal microscopy of liver sections revealed that Cx32 and Dlgh1 could colocalize in hepatocyte membranes in wild type mice. Examination of levels and localization of Dlgh1 in livers from Cx32 null mice indicate that, in the absence of Cx32, Dlgh1 was decreased, and the remainder was translocated from the hepatocyte membrane to the nucleus with some remaining in cytoplasmic compartments. This translocation was confirmed by Western blots comparing Dlgh1 levels in nuclear extracts from wild type and Cx32 null murine livers. Using SKHep cells stably transfected with Cx32 under the control of a tet-off promoter, we found that acute removal of Cx32 led to a decrease of membrane-localized Dlgh1 and an increase in the nuclear localization of this tumor suppressor protein. Together, these results suggest that loss of Cx32 alters the levels, localization, and interactions of the tumor suppressor protein Dlgh1, events known in other systems to alter cell cycle and increase tumorigenicity.
A simple, high performance complementary TFSOI BiCMOS technology with excellent cross-talk isolation and high-Q inductors for low power wireless applications (2002)

Recent growth in the portable wireless communication market and the push for a mixed-signal system-on-chip (SOC) approach means that TFSOI technology has been explored to provide low power, low cost, and high performance solutions (Reedy et al., 1999). The previously reported TFSOI BiCMOS technology is simple but needs performance improvement (Parke et al., 1992), and while another type needs a very complicated process (Huang et al., 1993). High performance SOI lateral BJTs were reported recently (Shino et al., 1998; Nii et al, 1999). However, they need special processes and are not CMOS compatible. To provide a mixed-signal system-on-chip solution, the technology should include low power CMOS devices, low noise BJT devices, and high Q-factor on-chip inductors. Furthermore, all of these devices should be properly isolated. This paper presents a simple, high performance complementary TFSOI BiCMOS technology with the best ever reported cross-talk isolation and high-Q inductors. This technology is very promising for low power, mixed-signal RF system-on-chip applications.