gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship between immunostaining intensity and antigen content in sections. (1996)

We studied the relationship between staining intensity of immunohistochemical reaction and antigen content in sections. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin in sections cut from livers of newborn, 5-, 10-, 20-, and 60-day-old rats were examined as examples. First, we compared average immunostaining intensity (sum of specific absorbance in pixel/number of pixels) measured by image processing (IP), with antigen content measured by immunochemical assay to determine whether the intensity is proportional to antigen content. The intensity of AFP was proportional to the antigen content, whereas that of albumin was not. Subsequently, the antigen preservation test was carried out to determine whether the intensity was decreased by fixation and, if so, which type of decrease (proportional or disproportionate) occurred. Thereafter, antigen content in the same portion in the same immunostained section was measured by the microphotometric (MP) method followed by the IP method, because the MP method gives a low average antigen content when a decrease in antibody binding occurs in sections, whereas the average antigen content measured by the IP method is unchanged. The intensity of AFP decreased primarily by a proportional decrease in antigenicity during fixation. However, the intensity of albumin decreased not only by a proportional decrease during fixation but also by a disproportionate reduction in antibody binding during immunostaining or before fixation. The results indicate that AFP content in sections is measurable by quantitative immunohistochemical methods, whereas albumin content is not.
Metabolism and excretion of a new anxiolytic drug candidate, CP-93, 393, in healthy male volunteers. (1998)

CP-93,393 [(7S,9aS)-1-(2-pyrimidin-2-yloctahydropyrido[1,2-a] pyrazin-7-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione] is a new anxiolytic drug with highly selective serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A autoreceptor agonist, alpha2-adrenergic antagonist, and dopamine D2 agonist properties. The excretion, biotransformation, and pharmacokinetics of CP-93,393 were investigated in six healthy male volunteers after oral administration of a 5-mg dose of [14C]CP-93,393. The administered radioactivity was excreted predominantly in the urine. One week after administration of the dose, cumulative excretion amounted to 67.8 +/- 2.5% in the urine and 22.0 +/- 5.6% in the feces. In total, 89.8 +/- 5.7% of the radioactive dose was recovered in urine and feces. Mean maximum plasma concentration values for unchanged CP-93,393 were 10.92 and 1.02 ng/ml for poor metabolizers (PMs) and extensive metabolizers (EMs) of dextromethorphan, respectively. AUC0-infinity values for unchanged CP-93,393 were also greater for PMs than for EMs, whereas the mean maximum plasma concentration and AUC0-infinity values for total radioactivity were similar for the two phenotypes. Less than 0.5% of the dose was excreted in urine as unchanged drug for both EMs and PMs, suggesting extensive metabolism of CP-93,393 in both phenotypes. Hydroxylation at the 5-position of the pyrimidine ring was identified as the main metabolic pathway. 5-Hydroxy-CP-93,393 (M-15) and its glucuronide and sulfate conjugates (M-7 and M-13, respectively) accounted for approximately 51% of the administered dose in excreta of both PMs and EMs. Hydrolysis of the succinimide ring, in combination with 5-hydroxylation and/or conjugation or not, accounted for approximately 9% of the dose. A novel metabolite, apparently resulting from oxidative degradation of the pyrimidine ring, was characterized as the amidine analog M-18. M-15 (47-62%), its sulfate conjugate (M-13, approximately 9%), and the pyrimidine ring-cleaved product (M-18, 7-13%) were identified as the major circulating metabolites for both EMs and PMs. Therefore, CP-93,393 undergoes metabolism by three primary pathways, i.e. 1) aromatic hydroxylation followed by conjugation with glucuronic acid and sulfuric acid, 2) oxidative degradation of the pyrimidine ring, and 3) hydrolysis of the succinimide ring. The identified metabolites accounted for approximately 90, 91, and 92% of the total radioactivity present in urine, plasma, and feces, respectively. The major in vivo oxidative metabolites were also observed after in vitro incubations with human liver microsomes.
Propagation prediction techniques and antenna modeling (150 to 1705 kHz) for intelligent transportation systems (ITS) broadcast applications (2000)

This paper discusses the basic aspects of radio-wave propagation and antenna modeling at 150 to 1705 kHz. The paper contains descriptions of both sky-wave and ground-wave propagation-prediction models, in addition to the methodology used to analyze antennas that operate in this band. A method of calculating and normalizing antenna gain for system computations is also discussed. The sky-wave models described in this paper are valid from 150 to 1705 kHz. The ground-wave models described in this paper are valid from 10 kHz to 30 MHz. The propagation of radio waves from 150 to 1705 kHz includes both a ground wave and a sky wave, and is quite different from propagation at any other frequency. The methods used for antenna modeling and analysis in this band are also quite unlike those in other bands. The AM broadcast band of 535 to 1605 kHz is planned to be used in the advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), to provide information such as road conditions, road hazards, weather, and incident reporting for rural travelers. The band of frequencies from 285 to 325 kHz is presently being used in another application of ITS, called the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS), which will be used for precision location of vehicles. The propagation-prediction models and antenna-analysis methods described here can be used for designing systems and making performance predictions for both of these ITS applications, or for any other systems that operate in this band of frequencies from 150 to 1705 kHz. Some examples of comparisons of measured and predicted data are also presented. A computer program that includes all of these propagation-prediction models and antenna-modeling techniques was used.
Mechanical strain-induced NO production by bone cells: a possible role in adaptive bone (re)modeling? (1995)

The structural competence of the skeleton is maintained by an adaptive mechanism in which resident bone cells respond to load-induced strains. To investigate the possible role of the messenger molecule nitric oxide (NO) in this response, we studied NO production in well-characterized organ culture systems, rat long bone-derived osteoblast-like (LOBs) cells, and embryonic chick osteocytes (LOCYs) in monolayer culture. In superfused cancellous bone cores, loading (for 15 min) produces increases in NO2- (stable NO metabolite) release during the loading period, which paralleled those in PGI2 and PGE2. Loading of rat vertebrae and ulnae produces increases in NO2- release, and in ulnae NO synthase inhibitors diminish these responses. Transient rapid increases in NO release are stimulated by strain in both LOBs and LOCYs. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of extracted mRNA shows that rat ulnae, LOBs, and LOCYs express both the inducible and neuronal (constitutive) isoforms of NO synthase. Adaptability to mechanical strain relies on assessment of the strain environment followed by modification of bone architecture. Immediate increases in NO production induced by loading suggest the involvement of NO in strain measurement and cellular communication to establish strain distribution, as well as potentially in adaptive changes in bone cell behavior.
Identification of a Sequence Element from p53 That Signals for Mdm2-Targeted Degradation (2000)

The binding of Mdm2 to p53 is required for targeting p53 for degradation. p73, however, binds to Mdm2 but is refractory to Mdm2-mediated degradation, indicating that binding to Mdm2 is not sufficient for degradation. By utilizing the structural homology between p53 and p73, we generated p53-p73 chimeras to determine the sequence element unique to p53 essential for regulation of its stability. We found that replacing an element consisting of amino acids 92 to 112 of p53 with the corresponding region of p73 results in a protein that is not degradable by Mdm2. Removal of amino acids 92 to 112 of p53 by deletion also results in a non-Mdm2-degradable protein. Significantly, the finding that swapping this fragment converts p73 from refractory to sensitive to Mdm2-mediated degradation supports the conclusion that the amino acids 92 to 112 of p53 function as a degradation signal. We propose that the presence of an additional protein recognizes the degradation signal and coordinates with Mdm2 to target p53 for degradation. Our finding opens the possibility of searching for the additional protein, which most likely plays a critical role in the regulation of p53 stability and therefore function.
Automatic detection of welding defects using texture features (2003)

In this paper we present a new approach to detecting weld defects from digitalised films based on texture features. Texture is one of the most important features used in recognising patterns in an image. However, these features are not yet commonly exploited in the analysis of X-ray images in NDT. The paper describes two groups of widely used texture features: 1) features based on the cooccurrence matrix, which gives a measurement of how often one grey value will appear in a specified spatial relationship to another grey value on the image; and 2) features based on 2D Gabor functions, i.e., Gaussian shaped band-pass filters, with dyadic treatment of the radial spatial frequency range and multiple orientations, which represent an appropriate choice for tasks requiring simultaneous measurement in both space and frequency domains. The proposed approach to detecting weld defects follows a general pattern recognition scheme based on three steps: segmentation, feature extraction and classification. That is, in our case, 1) potential defects are segmented using an edge detector based on the Laplacian-of-Gauss operator; 2) texture features of the potential defects are extracted; and 3) the most relevant features are used as input data on a statistical classifier. This preliminary study makes a contribution to the improvement of the automatic detection of welding defects.
Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines. I. A new method for the preparation of esters and amides of thieno[2,3‐d] pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylic acids (1971)

Abstract A novel method for the preparation of esters and amides of thieno[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidine‐6‐carb‐oxylic acids was described. A typical example was the direct formation of ethyl 5‐amino‐2‐methylthiothieno[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidine‐6‐earboxylate(IIIa) from 4‐chloro‐2‐methylthio‐5‐pyrimidine‐carbonitrile (Ia) and ethyl mercaptoacetate in refluxing ethanol containing sodium carbonate. Displacement of the methylthio group in IIIa by various amines gave the corresponding amino derivatives. The reactions of IIIa and related compounds with acetylating agents such as acetic anhydride or chloroacetyl chloride gave various products. Treatment of 5‐carbethoxy‐4‐chloro‐2‐phenylpyrimidine(IV) with methyl mercaptoacetate afforded the dechloro intermediate diester Va, which cyclized on reaction with sodium ethoxide to form methyl 5‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylthieno‐[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylate (Vla). The synthesis was expanded to include the preparation of various new 2,4,5‐trisubstituted thieno[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylic acid esters and amides (Charts I‐V).
Photoacoustic Flow System for the Detection of Ovarian Circulating Tumor Cells Utilizing Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles (2019)

The development of cell-specific photoacoustic (PA) contrast agents within systems of fluidic flow provides opportunities for the accurate detection of early stage cancer metastasis. Despite the promise of exogenous contrast agents for use in clinical settings, applications are currently limited by both material biocompatibility and target specificity. In this study, folic acid functionalized copper sulfide nanoparticles (FA-CuS NPs) are synthesized to enable ovarian-cancer-specific binding and PA detection in a custom flow system. Folate receptors, known to be overexpressed on the surface of ovarian cancer cells, have remained an ideal candidate for specific targeting through functionalization on nanoparticles and other contrast agents. In combination with copper sulfide nanoparticles' strong absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR), these FA-CuS NPs are an ideal contrast agent capable of being detected by photoacoustic flow cytometry. For the first time, this study shows a potential PA contrast agent to accurately identify ovarian circulating tumor cells in flow.
Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by a single-chain antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor. (2000)

Monoclonal antibody (Ab) directed against the vascular endothelial growth factor, one of the major inducers of angiogenesis, can inhibit tumor growth in mice. Treatment of cancer patients with monoclonal Ab requires large-scale production of the clean Ab and frequent application of the Ab. This might be improved by using single-chain Ab fragments (scFvs), which can be produced in large quantities in bacteria and are attractive for gene therapeutic approaches. Here we describe anti-vascular endothelial growth factor scFvs derived from a human phage-display library able to block the vascularization of the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos and reduce the growth of s.c. tumors in nude mice. This work opens the way to develop gene therapy-based strategies using a scFv to treat angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
Automated hydroponics nutrition plants systems using arduino uno microcontroller based on android (2018)

Technological developments today make the combination of science is very common, including in Computer Science and Agriculture to make both of science need each other. This paper aims to develop a control tool for the flow of nutrients of hydroponic plants automatically using Arduino microcontroller and controlled by smartphone. We use an Arduino Uno microcontroller to automatically control the flow of nutrient solution with logic if else. The microcontroller can also send data of fluid level (solution) and temperature around the plant to smartphone android of the owner of the hydroponics plant. The height of the nutrient solution (water) is detected by the Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 and the temperature is detected by the temperature sensor LM35. Data from the sensor will forward into Arduino Uno and displayed in liquid crystal display (LCD) then via wireless fidelity (WIFI) ESP8266 module will transmit the height of the nutrient solution and the temperature around of the plants to Android smartphone.
Peptides of aminoxy acids as foldamers (2006)

This Feature Article summarizes our efforts in developing a new family of foldamers from alpha-, beta- and gamma-aminoxy acids. From a series of conformational studies, we demonstrate that peptides consisting of aminoxy acids adopt several well-defined secondary structures, such as alpha N-O turns (which feature an eight-membered-ring hydrogen bond), beta N-O turns (a nine-membered-ring hydrogen bond), gamma N-O turns (a ten-membered-ring hydrogen bond), 1.8(8) helices (consecutive homochiral alpha N-O turns), 7/8 helices (alternating alpha N-O turns and gamma-turns), 1.7(9) helices (consecutive beta N-O turns), reverse turns (consecutive heterochiral alpha N-O turns) and sheet-like structures.
Site-Specific Protein Modification Using a Ketone Handle (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSite-Specific Protein Modification Using a Ketone HandleVirginia W. Cornish, Klaus M. Hahn, and Peter G. SchultzView Author Information Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Department of Neuropharmacology, Division of Virology Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 34, 8150–8151Publication Date (Web):August 28, 1996Publication History Received12 April 1996Published online28 August 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja961216xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja961216xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2803Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Fluorescence,Ketones,Labeling,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Integrated Wireless Backhaul Over Optical Access Networks (2014)

Recent technological advances and deployments are creating a new landscape in access networks, with an integration of wireless and fiber technologies a key supporting technology. In the past, a separation between those with fiber in the access networks and those with wireless networks, the relatively low data-rate requirements of backhaul and the relatively large cell sites, have all combined to keep fiber deployment low in wireless backhaul. As fiber has penetrated the access network and the latest wireless standards have demanded smaller, higher bandwidth cells, fiber connectivity has become key. Choices remain as to where the demarcation between key elements should be in the network and whether fiber should be used as just a high data-rate backhaul path or if a transition to radio-over-fiber techniques can afford benefits. This paper will explore the network options available in particular those demonstrated in recent European Union (EU) projects, how they can be integrated with existing access networks and how techniques such as radio-over-fiber can be deployed to offer increased functionality.
Advanced polymer composites (1994)

Discover what constitutes a composite material, how a composite is made, when a composite is best for a given application, how a composite material or structure responds to a thermal or mechanical load, and how to design a polymer composite that meets a set of property requirements. A general reference book for practising scientists and engineers who have an interest in composites, polymers or smart materials - a must for libraries or major companies, research institutions, government laboratories and universities. An excellent textbook for graduate students and third-or-fourth year undergraduates in materials science and engineering polymer science and plastics engineering, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering and chemical engineering. This book provides an excellent introduction to the basic principles of composite materials, including the classical lamination theory. In addition, recent developments in polymer composites have been included with full references, as well as coverage of several advanced subjects related to structural applications of composites. While current books generally contain little information about new forms of composites, including hybrids and textile structural composites (e.g., 2-D and 3-D woven or braided materials), this book includes in-depth discussions for their elastic constants, strength and failure, impact and damage resistance, and damping behaviour. Contents Include: Reinforcements and matrix resins, prediction of elastic constants and strength, fracture behaviour (including delamination), impact response, interface and interphases, fatigue, vibration, and damping analysis of polymer composites, recent advancements in manufacturing (emphasis on new thermoplastic processing techniques and strategies for improving manufacturing reliability of thermosets composites), intelligent (smart) composites and structures, polymer composites for automotive applications, recycling.
Beta-adrenergic Modulation of Cognitive Flexibility during Stress (2007)

Stress-induced activation of the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system produces significant cognitive and behavioral effects, including enhanced arousal and attention. Improvements in discrimination task performance and memory have been attributed to this stress response. In contrast, for other cognitive functions that require cognitive flexibility, increased activity of the LC-NE system may produce deleterious effects. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of pharmacological modulation of the LC-NE system on stress-induced impairments in cognitive flexibility performance in healthy individuals. Cognitive performance, plus psychological and physiological parameters for 16 adults without any history of anxiety disorders, was assessed during four test sessions: stress and no-stress, with each condition tested after administration of propranolol and placebo. The Trier Social Stress Test, a public-speaking and mental arithmetic stressor, was presented to participants for the stress sessions, whereas a similar, but nonstressful, control task (reading, counting) was utilized for the no-stress sessions. Tests of cognitive flexibility included lexical-semantic and associative problem-solving tasks (anagrams, Compound Remote Associates Test). Visuo-spatial memory and motor processing speed tests served as control tasks. Results indicate that (1) stress impaired performance on cognitive flexibility tasks, but not control tasks; (2) compared to placebo, cognitive flexibility improved during stress with propranolol. Therefore, psychological stress, such as public speaking, negatively impacts performance on tasks requiring cognitive flexibility in normal individuals, and this effect is reversed by beta-adrenergic antagonism. This may provide support for the hypothesis that stress-related impairments in cognitive flexibility are related to the noradrenergic system.