gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental procedure to optimize out-of-band terminations for highly linear and power efficient bipolar class-AB RF amplifiers (2005)

An optimization procedure based on load-pull measurements to obtain both highly-linear and highly-efficient class-AB operation is presented. This procedure can be applied without any foregoing device characterization; therefore it is an excellent method to compare the linearity performance of different bipolar technologies. The presented approach provides the optimum out-of-band terminations and quiescent current yielding IM3 improvement of more than 15 dBc at 3 dB back-off compared to traditional design techniques. Optimum power-added efficiency is achieved at the same time.
The Use of Maternal Plasma for Prenatal RhD Blood Group Genotyping (2009)

Alloimmunization to the blood group antibody anti-RhD (anti-D) is the most common cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Knowledge of fetal D type in women with anti-D makes management of the pregnancy much easier and avoids unnecessary procedures in those women with a D-negative fetus. Fetal D typing can be performed by detection of an RHD gene in cell-free DNA in the plasma of D-negative pregnant women. The technology involves real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions targeting exons 4, 5, and 10 of RHD, with the exons 4 and 10 tests performed as a multiplex. Testing for SRY in multiplex with the RHD exon 5 test provides an internal control for the presence of fetal DNA when the fetus is male. Fetal D typing has become the standard of care in England in pregnant women with a significant level of anti-D.
Inverse scattering within the distorted-wave Born approximation (1988)

The distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) is described. By estimating the internal field through a simple relationship it is shown that the DWBA may be cast into an inversion algorithm of the same form as the usual Born inversion.
High Mobility Poly-Si Thin Film Transistors Using Solid Phase Crystallized a-Si Films Deposited by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (1990)

Thin film transistors (TFTs) have been developed on quartz substrates by using large-grain-size polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films. The poly-Si films were fabricated by solid phase crystallization (SPC) of amorphous silicon (a-Si) deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). We have found that the dehydrogenation process is strongly correlated with the SPC of the a-Si, especially in nucleus generation time. The n-channel TFT mobility of 158 cm 2 /(V ·s) is obtained by using the SPC of the PECVD a-Si.
Is partial decalcification of posterior mitral annular bed logical in all mitral valve replacement procedures? (2012)

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Children ’s National Heart Institute, Childrens National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA* Corresponding author. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Diyarbakir Military Medical Hospital, 21100 Yenisehir/Diyarbakir/Turkey,Tel: +90-412-228-8221 or -7605; fax: +90-412-2236237; e-mail: mrttvls@gmail.com (M. Tavlasoglu).
Tandem SH2 Domains Confer High Specificity in Tyrosine Kinase Signaling (1998)

SH2 domain proteins transmit intracellular signals initiated by activated tyrosine kinase-linked receptors. Recent three-dimensional structures suggest mechanisms by which tandem SH2 domains might confer higher specificity than individual SH2 domains. To test this, binding studies were conducted with tandem domains from the five signaling enzymes: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85, ZAP-70, Syk, SHP-2, and phospholipase C-gamma1. Bisphosphorylated TAMs (tyrosine-based activation motifs) were derived from biologically relevant sites in platelet-derived growth factor, T cell, B cell, and high affinity IgE receptors and the receptor substrates IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1) and SHPS-1/SIRP. Each tandem SH2 domain binds a distinct TAM corresponding to its appropriate biological partner with highest affinity (0.5-3.0 nM). Alternative TAMs bind the tandem SH2 domains with 1,000- to >10,000-fold lower affinity than biologically relevant TAMs. This level of specificity is significantly greater than the approximately 20-50-fold typically seen for individual SH2 domains. We conclude that high biological specificity is conferred by the simultaneous interaction of two SH2 domains in a signaling enzyme with bisphosphorylated TAMs in activated receptors and substrates.
Patient Stratification for Preventive Care in Dentistry (2013)

Prevention reduces tooth loss, but little evidence supports biannual preventive care for all adults. We used risk-based approaches to test tooth loss association with 1 vs. 2 annual preventive visits in high-risk (HiR) and low-risk (LoR) patients. Insurance claims for 16 years for 5,117 adults were evaluated retrospectively for tooth extraction events. Patients were classified as HiR for progressive periodontitis if they had ≥ 1 of the risk factors (RFs) smoking, diabetes, interleukin-1 genotype; or as LoR if no RFs. LoR event rates were 13.8% and 16.4% for 2 or 1 annual preventive visits (absolute risk reduction, 2.6%; 95%CI, 0.5% to 5.8%; p = .092). HiR event rates were 16.9% and 22.1% for 2 and 1 preventive visits (absolute risk reduction, 5.2%; 95%CI, 1.8% to 8.4%; p = .002). Increasing RFs increased events (p < .001). Oral health care costs were not increased by any single RF, regardless of prevention frequency (p > .41), but multiple RFs increased costs vs. no (p < .001) or 1 RF (p = .001). For LoR individuals, the association between preventive dental visits and tooth loss was not significantly different whether the frequency was once or twice annually. A personalized medicine approach combining gene biomarkers with conventional risk factors to stratify populations may be useful in resource allocation for preventive dentistry (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01584479).
Selective recruitment of CCR4-bearing Th2 cells toward antigen-presenting cells by the CC chemokines thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and macrophage-derived chemokine (1999)

Helper T cells are classified into Th1 and Th2 subsets based on their profiles of cytokine production. Th1 cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, whereas Th2 cells induce humoral responses. Selective recruitment of these two subsets depends on specific adhesion molecules and specific chemoattractants. Here, we demonstrate that the T cell-directed CC chemokine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) was abundantly produced by monocytes treated with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or IL-3, especially in the presence of IL-4 and by dendritic cells derived from monocytes cultured with GM-CSF + IL-4. The receptor for TARC and another macrophage/dendritic cell-derived CC chemokine macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) is CCR4, a G protein-coupled receptor. CCR4 was found to be expressed on approximately 20% of adult peripheral blood effector/memory CD4+ T cells. T cells attracted by TARC and MDC generated cell lines predominantly producing Th2-type cytokines, IL-4 and IL-5. Fractionated CCR4+ cells but not CCR4- cells also selectively gave rise to Th2-type cell lines. When naive CD4+ T cells from adult peripheral blood were polarized in vitro, Th2-type cells selectively expressed CCR4 and vigorously migrated toward TARC and MDC. Taken together, CCR4 is selectively expressed on Th2-type T cells and antigen-presenting cells may recruit Th2 cells expressing CCR4 by producing TARC and MDC in Th2-dominant conditions.
A Single Recombinant Plasmid Expressing Two Major Outer Surface Proteins of the Lyme Disease Spirochete (1985)

A gene bank of DNA from the Lyme disease spirochete was constructed in the plasmid pBR322. Plasmid pTRH32, a recombinant that in Escherichia coli expresses the two major outer surface proteins of the Lyme disease spirochete, was identified. One of the recombinant products, designated OspA, represents a surface protein that appears to be common to all Lyme disease spirochetes, whereas the other recombinant product, designated OspB, represents a more variable surface protein. This recombinant plasmid provides a foundation for future studies on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of Lyme disease as well as on the genetic organization of the etiologic agent.
Mono- and di-bromo platinum(iv) prodrugs via oxidative bromination: synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity (2015)

Platinum(IV)-based anticancer prodrugs have attracted much attention due to their relative inertness under physiological conditions, being activated inside cells, and their capacity for functionalization with a variety of small-molecule or macromolecule moieties. Novel asymmetric platinum(IV) compounds synthesized through expedient and unique methods are desired. Here we utilize N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and carry out oxidative bromination on platinum(II) drugs, namely cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, to obtain asymmetric and mono-bromo platinum(IV) prodrugs. Different solvents are used to obtain various compounds, and the compounds are further functionalized. Di-bromo compounds are also obtained through NBS-directed oxidative bromination in ethanol. The crystal structures of representative compounds are discussed, and the reduction potentials of some compounds are examined. A cytotoxicity test shows that the mono- and di-bromo platinum(IV) compounds are active against human ovarian cancer cells. Our study enriches the family of asymmetric platinum(IV) prodrugs and provides with a convenient strategy to obtain brominated platinum(IV) complexes.
Search and ranking algorithms for locating resources on the World Wide Web (2002)

Applying information retrieval techniques to the World Wide Web (WWW) environment is a challenge, mostly because of its hypertext/hypermedia nature and the richness of the meta-information it provides. We present four keyword-based search and ranking algorithms for locating relevant WWW pages with respect to user queries. The first algorithm, Boolean Spreading Activation, extends the notion of word occurrence in the Boolean retrieval model by propagating the occurrence of a query word in a page to other pages linked to it. The second algorithm, Most-cited, uses the number of citing hyperlinks between potentially relevant WWW pages to increase the relevance scores of the referenced pages over the referencing pages. The third algorithm, TFxIDF vector space model, is based on word distribution statistics. The last algorithm, Vector Spreading Activation, combines TFxIDF with the spreading activation model. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the retrieval effectiveness of these algorithms. From the results of the experiment, we draw conclusions regarding the nature of the WWW environment with respect to document ranking strategies.
Treatment with beta‐adrenoceptor blockers reduces plasma melatonin concentration. (1985)

In treated hypertensive patients plasma melatonin levels were lower in subjects receiving beta-adrenoceptor blockers than those treated with diuretics. Melatonin concentrations in middle-aged and young control subjects were similar to each other and to those of the diuretic-treated patients. The results suggest that treatment with beta-adrenoceptor blockers causes a persistent reduction in plasma melatonin but it is unclear if this finding has clinical implications.
Development and characterization of an ELISA assay in PDMS microfluidic channels (2001)

This report describes the first preliminary evaluation of a heterogeneous sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay in a PDMS microfluidic device. The PDMS devices were fabricated using replica molding against a patterned photoresist generated by photolithographic techniques. With this experimental setup, the microfluidic sensor chip was successfully used to quantify a model analyte (sheep IgM) with sensitivity down to 17 nM. The conventional blocking cocktail used in nearly all polystyrene microtiter plate-based ELISA assays failed to block the nonspecific adsorption of the analyte and secondary antibody. This report describes the successful use of surface modification chemistries and a modified blocking cocktail to reduce background due to nonspecific adsorption and to thereby increase the sensitivity of the assay. These protocols can be extended to the detection of a variety of analytes by immunoassay in PDMS microchannels.
A Selective, Cell-Permeable Optical Probe for Hydrogen Peroxide in Living Cells (2004)

We present the synthesis, properties, and biological applications of Peroxyfluor-1 (PF1), a new type of optical probe for intracellular imaging of hydrogen peroxide in living biological samples. PF1 utilizes a boronate deprotection mechanism to provide unprecedented selectivity and optical dynamic range for detecting H2O2 in aqueous solution over similar reactive oxygen species including superoxide, nitric oxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and hydroxyl radical. We further demonstrate the value of this reagent for biological applications by imaging changes in [H2O2] in living mammalian cells.
광명 경륜 돔 경기장 개장에 따른 활성화 방안 연구 (2006)

본 연구는 경기장 만족도에 영향을 미치는 참여동기를 알아봄으로써 관람 스포츠로서 경륜 스포츠를 이용하는 고객의 이해를 통하여 좀 더 나은 서비스를 제공함으로써 경기장 활성화 방안을 모색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법은 문헌조사와 경륜운영본부의 온라인 설문조사를 통해서 도출된 문제점을 확인하고, 실질적인 경륜이용객들의 참여동기에 따른 이용만족도를 조사하기 위하여 잠실에 위치한 장내경주장과 장외경기장 이용객을 대상으로 하였다. 표본추출을 위한 대상지역선정은 경륜직접관람장소인 장내경주장과 광명시 경륜 돔 경기장 개장 후 거리상 접근이 어렵다고 판단되는 대전, 수원, 일산 장외경기장을 제외한 12개 장외 경기장을 선정하였다. 경기장 관람객의 참여동기에 따른 경기장 만족도를 규명하기 위하여 장내경주장과 장외경기장을 표집하여 설문조사를 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 참여동기(대인관계)가 높을수록 대체로 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타나고 있는데 이는 가족단위로 경기장에 관람하는 형태가 많은 것으로 나타나고, 본 연구에서의 중요한 결과로 참여장소에 따른 참여동기에서 장내경주장보다 장외경기장에서 참여동기가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 참여장소에 따른 경기장의 만족도는 편의시설, 경기 진행방식, 배당금제도 및 매표, 홍보 및 시설활용 만족도에서 장내경주장이 장외경기장보다 만족도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이로 인해 장외경륜 참가자를 장내 경기장으로 끌어들이기 위한 방안 수립이 절실한 것으로 사료된다. 결론적으로 장외고객을 장내로 끌어들이기 위한 마케팅, 홍보방안제고 및 접근성을 다양하게 하기 위한 방안을 수립해야 할 것으로 사료된다.
Behavioral Tests After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Rat (2002)

These tests allow continuous monitoring of neurological deficits after rat ICH and assessment of therapeutic interventions. The time course of the neurological deficit closely matched the time course of cerebral edema for both ICH and injection of blood components. There was marked recovery of function after ICH, which may be amenable to therapeutic manipulation.
Preferential expression of cancer/testis genes in cancer stem‐like cells: proposal of a novel sub‐category, cancer/testis/stem gene (2013)

Cancer/testis (CT) antigens encoded by CT genes are immunogenic antigens, and the expression of CT gene is strictly restricted to only the testis among mature organs. Therefore, CT antigens are promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. In a previous study, we identified a novel CT antigen, DNAJB8. DNAJB8 was found to be preferentially expressed in cancer stem-like cells (CSCs)/cancer-initiating cells (CICs), and it is thus a novel CSC antigen. In this study, we hypothesized that CT genes are preferentially expressed in CSCs/CICs rather than in non-CSCs/-CICs and we examined the expression of CT genes in CSCs/CICs. The expression of 74 CT genes was evaluated in side population (SP) cells (=CSC) and main population (MP) cells (=non-CSC) derived from LHK2 lung adenocarcinoma cells, SW480 colon adenocarcinoma cells and MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Eighteen genes (MAGEA2, MAGEA3, MAGEA4, MAGEA6, MAGEA12, MAGEB2, GAGE1, GAGE8, SPANXA1, SPANXB1, SPANXC, XAGE2, SPA17, BORIS, PLU-1, SGY-1, TEX15 and CT45A1) showed higher expression levels in SP cells than in MP cells, whereas 10 genes (BAGE1, BAGE2, BAGE4, BAGE5, XAGE1, LIP1, D40, HCA661, TDRD1 and TPTE) showed similar expression levels in SP cells and MP cells. Thus, considerable numbers of CT genes showed preferential expression in CSCs/CICs. We therefore propose a novel sub-category of CT genes in this report: cancer/testis/stem (CTS) genes.
Microfabrication Inside Capillaries Using Multiphase Laminar Flow Patterning (1999)

The reaction of species in solutions flowing laminarly (without turbulent mixing) inside capillaries was used as the basis for a broadly applicable method of microfabrication. In this method, patterning occurs as a result of transport of reactive species to interfaces within the capillary by laminar flow. A wide range of chemistries can be used to generate structures with feature sizes of less than 5 micrometers and with spatial localization to within 5 micrometers. The method is applicable to the patterning of metals, organic polymers, inorganic crystals, and ceramics on the inner walls of preformed capillaries, using both additive and subtractive processes.
Simple method for the isolation of astaxanthin from the basidiomycetous yeast Phaffia rhodozyma (1978)

A method is described for the quantitative and, possibly, large-scale extraction of astaxanthin from the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma. The method utilizes extracellular enzymes produced by the bacterium Bacillus circulans WL-12, which partially digests the yeast cell wall and renders the carotenoid pigments extractable by acetone or ethanol. Complete recovery of astaxanthin from heat-killed P. rhodozyma cells was obtained after growing B. circulans WL-12 on these yeast cells for 26 h and then extracting the yeast-bacterium mixture with acetone. A bacteria-free lytic system, which gave quantitative extraction of astaxanthin from P. rhodozyma, was obtained by concentrating the culture broth from the growth of B. circulans WL-12 on P. rhodozyma cells. Hydrolytic enzyme activities detected in this concentrate included beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucanase, beta-(1 leads to 6)-glucanase, alpha-(1 leads to 3)-glucanase, xylanase, and chitinase. The lytic system was found to work most efficiently at pH 6.5 and with low concentrations of yeast.
Release, uptake, and effects of extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on cell growth and viral transactivation (1993)

During acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection or after transfection of the tat gene, Tat protein is released into the cell culture supernatant. In this extracellular form, Tat stimulates both HIV-1 gene expression and the growth of cells derived from Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions of HIV-1-infected individuals (AIDS-KS cells). Tat protein and its biological activities appear in the cell supernatants at the peak of Tat expression, when the rate of cell death is low (infection) or cell death is undetectable (transfection) and increased levels of cytoplasmic Tat are present. Tat-containing supernatants stimulate maximal AIDS-KS cell growth but only low to moderate levels of HIV-1 gene expression. This is due to the different concentrations of exogenous Tat required for the two effects. The cell growth-promoting effects of Tat peak at between 0.1 and 1 ng of purified recombinant protein per ml in the cell growth medium and do not increase with concentration. In contrast, both the detection of nuclear-localized Tat taken up by cells and the induction of HIV-1 gene expression or replication require higher Tat concentrations (> or = 100 ng/ml), and all increase linearly with increasing amounts of the exogenous protein. These data suggest that Tat can be released by a mechanism(s) other than cell death and that the cell growth-promoting activity and the virus-transactivating effect of extracellular Tat are mediated by different pathways.
Testing an "in-out" targeting procedure for making subtle genomic modifications in mouse embryonic stem cells. (1991)

We have introduced a 4-bp insertion into the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene of a mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line by using an "in-out" targeting procedure. During the in step, a homologous integration reaction, we targeted a correcting plasmid to a partially deleted hprt- locus by using an integrating vector that carried a 4-bp insertion in the region of DNA homologous to the target locus. HPRT+ recombinants were isolated by direct selection in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) medium. The HATr cell lines were then grown in medium containing 6-thioguanine (6-TG) to select for hprt- revertants resulting from the excision of the integrated vector sequences. The revertants were examined by Southern blot hybridization to determine the accuracy of this out reaction and the frequency of retaining the 4-bp modification in the genome. Of the 6-TGr colonies examined, 88% had accurately excised the integrated vector sequences; 19 of 20 accurate revertants retained the 4-bp insertion in the resulting hprt- gene. We suggest a scheme for making the in-out targeting procedure generally useful to modify the mammalian genome.
Covalently immobilized laminin peptide Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (YIGSR) supports cell spreading and co-localization of the 67-kilodalton laminin receptor with alpha-actinin and vinculin. (1993)

The laminin-based nonapeptide Cys-Asp-Pro-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (CDPGYIGSR) and pentapeptide Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (YIGSR) have been previously demonstrated to support the attachment of several cell types and to competitively bind to the 67-kDa high affinity laminin receptor. Cell attachment, but not spreading, on substrates containing adsorbed CDPGYIGSR or YIGSR was observed. In this report we describe YIGSR-mediated attachment and spreading of a wide variety of cell types. GYIGSRY promoted cell spreading and stress fiber formation when it was covalently immobilized through the amino-terminal Gly residue, used as a spacer arm. Spreading was not observed when adsorbed YIGSR peptide was used. Functionally blocking antiserum directed against the 67-kDa and related laminin-binding proteins blocked human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) spreading, but not attachment, on covalently grafted GYIGSRY substrates. However, functionally blocking antisera directed against the vitronectin receptor, integrin alpha v beta 3, and the fibronectin receptor, integrin alpha 5 beta 1, did not affect HFF spreading on these substrates. When HFFs spread on these substrates, the 67-kDa laminin receptor co-localized with the cytoplasmic proteins alpha-actinin and vinculin into discrete structures. These results suggest that the adhesion ligand YIGSR is solely sufficient for cell spreading when it is conformationally constrained by covalent attachment to a solid substrate, at least when attached via its amino terminus. Furthermore, the role of the 67-kDa laminin receptor in recognition of this ligand and mediating cell attachment is confirmed in this study. This report also provides the first evidence for direct or indirect association of this receptor with vinculin and alpha-actinin when YIGSR-mediated cell spreading occurs.
Challenges in 3D memory manufacturing and process integration (2013)

Memory industry transition from planar to 3D scaling and the introduction of several new emerging memory devices into manufacturing over the next decade is going to drive several new and unique manufacturing and process integration challenges. The inflection point we are faced with is a new paradigm where advancements in materials science, non-litho equipment technology, testing and characterization methods, and control methodologies will lead the way for scaling cadence.