gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Españolas al borde de los mercados matrimoniales transnacionales (2013)

espanolSe analizan las caracteristicas sociodemograficas de las mujeres espanolas casadas con extranjeros, privilegiando su examen en los calendarios tempranos y tardios de nupcialidad, donde su protagonismo es mayor. El analisis se realiza a partir de los microdatos del Movimiento Natural de la Poblacion (MNP) del periodo 2008-2010; y, de modo secundario, se utilizan los microdatos de trimestres alternos de la Encuesta de Poblacion Activa (1999-2011). Los resultados muestran que la posicion ventajosa de las mujeres en el mercado matrimonial transnacional ajusta diferentes mecanismos en la conformacion de la dinamica de genero que acompana la formacion de las parejas en estos calendarios atipicos de union: en los calendarios tempranos, se refuerza el papel de genero tradicional en la formacion de las uniones mixtas; en los calendarios tardios y segundas uniones, se invierte el modelo de hipergamia femenina tradicional. catalaS’analitzen les caracteristiques sociodemografiques de les espanyoles casades amb estrangers, amb un enfocament mes acurat en aquelles que presenten un calendari de nupcialitat mes avancat i mes tarda, on el seu protagonisme es mes gran. L'analisi es realitza a partir de les microdades del “Moviment Natural de la Poblacio” pel periode 2008-2010 i, de forma secundaria, a partir de les microdades de trimestres alterns de la “Encuesta de Poblacion Activa” (1999-2011). Els resultats mostren que la posicio avantatjosa de les dones en el mercat matrimonial transnacional ajusta diversos mecanismes en la conformacio de la dinamica de genere que acompanya la formacio de les parelles en aquests calendaris atipics d'unio: en els calendaris primerencs, es reforca el paper de genere tradicional en la formacio de les unions mixtes; en els calendaris tardans i segones unions, s'inverteix el model de hipergamia femenina tradicional. EnglishOur aim in this paper is to analyze the socio-demographic characteristics of Spanish women married to foreign-born men, focusing on those early and late nuptiality calendars where the presence of these marriages is greater. Data comes from marriage registers of Spanish Vital Statistics (MNP) between 2008 and 2010, and complementarily we use microdata from the Labor Force Survey (EPA) between 1999 and 2011. Results show that the advantage position of Spanish women on transnational marriage markets becomes in an adjustment of different mechanisms related with gender dynamics in the union formation behaviors during non-typical ages at marriage: in intermarriage couples, early age at unions are characterized by a reinforcement of traditional gender roles; meanwhile late age at unions and second-marriages show a reverse in the traditional model of female hypergamy.
Taylor dispersion of a solute in a microfluidic channel (2001)

The dispersion of a solute, traveling in a laminar-flow microfluidic channel, along the major axis of the channel is described by Taylor dispersion. It is shown that although diffusion of solute along the major axis is often neglected in constructing a governing transport equation, axial dispersion due to the laminar flow profile influences the distribution of solute in the channel. An expression for the effective Taylor dispersion coefficient due to the laminar velocity profile is derived and verified by comparing the predicted dispersion to results from a three-dimensional finite-element representation of the fluid dynamics and solute transport. Since the dispersion coefficient can be several orders of magnitude greater than the molecular diffusion coefficient, axial dispersion in microfluidic channels should not be casually neglected.
Characterization of Destrins with Different Dextrose Equivalents (2010)

Dextrins are widely used for their functional properties and prepared by partial hydrolysis of starch using acid, enzymes, or combinations of both. The physiochemical properties of dextrins are dependent on their molecular distribution and oligosaccharide profiles. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), rapid viscoanalysis (RVA), high-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used to characterize dextrins prepared by common neutral and thermostable alpha-amylase hydrolysis. The dextrin granules displayed irregular surfaces and were badly damaged by the enzyme treatment. They displayed A-type X-ray diffraction patterns with a decrease of intensity of the characteristic diffraction peaks. The RVA profiles showed that the viscosity of dextrin decreased with the increase of its Dextrose Equivalent (DE) value. According to HPLC analysis, the molecular weight, degree of polymerization and the composition of oligosaccharides in dextrins were different.
Trapping H - Bound to the Nitrogenase FeMo-Cofactor Active Site during H 2 Evolution:  Characterization by ENDOR Spectroscopy (2005)

We here show that the iron-molybdenum (FeMo)-cofactor of the nitrogenase alpha-70(Ile) molybdenum-iron (MoFe) protein variant accumulates a novel S = (1)/(2) state that can be trapped during the reduction of protons to H(2). (1,2)H-ENDOR measurements disclose the presence of two protons/hydrides (H(+/)(-)) whose hyperfine tensors have been determined from two-dimensional field-frequency (1)H ENDOR plots. The two H(+/)(-) have large isotropic hyperfine couplings, A(iso)( )() approximately 23 MHz, which shows they are bound to the cofactor. The favored analysis for these plots indicates that the two H(+/)(-) have the same principal values, which indicates that they are chemically equivalent. The tensors are further related to each other by a permutation of the tensor components, which indicates an underlying symmetry of binding relative to the cofactor. At present, no model for the structure of the iron-molybdenum (FeMo)-cofactor in the S = (1)/(2) state trapped during the reduction of H(+) can be shown unequivocally to satisfy all of the constraints generated by the ENDOR analysis. The data disfavors any model that involves protonation of sulfides, and thus suggests that the intermediate instead contains two chemically equivalent bound hydrides; it appears unlikely that these are terminal monohydrides.
The plant cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor ICK1 has distinct functional domains for in vivo kinase inhibition, protein instability and nuclear localization (2003)

Summary Interactor/inhibitor 1 of Cdc2 kinase (ICK1) from Arabidopsis thaliana is the first plant cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, and overexpression of ICK1 inhibits CDK activity, cell division and plant growth in transgenic plants. In this study, ICK1 and deletion mutants were expressed either alone or as green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Deletion of the C‐terminal 15 or 29 amino acids greatly reduced or completely abolished the effects of ICK1 on the transgenic plants, and recombinant proteins lacking the C‐terminal residues lost the ability to bind to CDK complex and the kinase inhibition activity, demonstrating the role of the conserved C‐terminal domain in in vivo kinase inhibition. In contrast, the mutant ICK1 ΔN108 with the N‐terminal 108 residues deleted had much stronger effects on plants than the full‐length ICK1. Analyses demonstrated that this effect was not because of an enhanced ability of ICK1 ΔN108 protein to inhibit CDK activity, but a result of a much higher level of ICK1 ΔN108 protein in the plants, indicating that the N‐terminal domain contains a sequence or element increasing protein instability in vivo . Furthermore, GFP‐ICK1 protein was restricted to the nuclei in roots of transgenic plants, even with the C‐terminal or the N‐terminal domain deleted, suggesting that a sequence in the central domain of ICK1 is responsible for nuclear localization. These results provide mechanistic understanding about the function and regulation of this cell cycle regulator in plants.
Inhibition of Murine Bladder Tumorigenesis by Soy Isoflavones Via Alterations in the Cell Cycle, Apoptosis and Angiogenesis (1999)

Soy isoflavones exhibit a number of biological effects, suggesting that they may have a role in cancer prevention. Our objectives are to determine whether components of soy products or purified soy isoflavones can inhibit the progression of bladder cancer. We compared the in vitro effects of pure soy isoflavones and soy phytochemical concentrate on growth curves, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in murine and human bladder cancer cell lines. Pure soy isoflavones (genistein, genistin, daidzein, and biochanin A) and soy phytochemical concentrate exhibit dose-dependent growth inhibition of murine (MB49 and MBT-2) and human (HT-1376, UM-UC-3, RT-4, J82, and TCCSUP) bladder cancer cell lines, although the degree of inhibition varies among lines. Soy isoflavones induce a G2-M cell cycle arrest in all human and murine lines evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, some bladder cancer lines show DNA fragmentation consistent with apoptosis. We next evaluated the ability of genistein, soy phytochemical concentrate, and soy protein isolate, respectively, to inhibit the growth of transplantable murine bladder cancer in vivo. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups (n = 12/group): (a) AIN-76A diet; (b) AIN-76A diet plus genistein, i.p., 50 mg/kg body weight/day; (c) AIN-76 diet with soy phytochemical concentrate at 0.2% of the diet; (d) AIN-76 diet with soy phytochemical concentrate at 1.0% of the diet; and (e) AIN-76A diet with soy protein isolate, 20% by weight. Mice were inoculated s.c. with 5 x 10(4) syngeneic MB49 bladder carcinoma cells, and tumor growth was quantitated. Neither genistein nor soy products reduced body weight gain. Tumor volumes from mice treated with genistein, dietary soy phytochemical concentrate at 1%, or dietary soy protein isolate were reduced by 40% (P < 0.007), 48% (P < 0.001), or 37% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared with controls. We characterized the effects of treatment on several biomarkers in tumor tissue: proliferation index by proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining, apoptotic index by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining, and angiogenesis by microvessel quantitation. Soy products reduced angiogenesis, increased apoptosis, and slightly reduced proliferation while showing no histopathological effects on the normal bladder mucosa. Our data suggest that soy isoflavones can inhibit bladder tumor growth through a combination of direct effects on tumor cells and indirect effects on the tumor neovasculature. Soy products warrant further investigation in bladder cancer prevention and treatment programs or as antiangiogenic agents.
Genetic heterogeneity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2013)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of lymphoma in adults. The disease exhibits a striking heterogeneity in gene expression profiles and clinical outcomes, but its genetic causes remain to be fully defined. Through whole genome and exome sequencing, we characterized the genetic diversity of DLBCL. In all, we sequenced 73 DLBCL primary tumors (34 with matched normal DNA). Separately, we sequenced the exomes of 21 DLBCL cell lines. We identified 322 DLBCL cancer genes that were recurrently mutated in primary DLBCLs. We identified recurrent mutations implicating a number of known and not previously identified genes and pathways in DLBCL including those related to chromatin modification (ARID1A and MEF2B), NF-κB (CARD11 and TNFAIP3), PI3 kinase (PIK3CD, PIK3R1, and MTOR), B-cell lineage (IRF8, POU2F2, and GNA13), and WNT signaling (WIF1). We also experimentally validated a mutation in PIK3CD, a gene not previously implicated in lymphomas. The patterns of mutation demonstrated a classic long tail distribution with substantial variation of mutated genes from patient to patient and also between published studies. Thus, our study reveals the tremendous genetic heterogeneity that underlies lymphomas and highlights the need for personalized medicine approaches to treating these patients.
Broadbanding of a plate antenna with slits (2002)

Handset antennas for mobile radio communications have been small, and its high-performance characteristics over a broadband have been required. With the spread of multimedia, broadband small handset antennas are required too for video communications. In our previous studies, two-wire meander-line, two-wire helical and two-plate antennas have been investigated for the purpose of the broadbanding of the small antennas. By making the antenna element a two-wire structure, it is possible to utilize both the currents in the unbalance and balance modes on the antenna, which results in the broadband characteristics. The radiation resistance of the electrically small antenna (about one tenth of the wavelength) is generally small, and the Q-value then becomes high. Therefore, broadband impedance matching becomes complicated. In this paper, the broadband characteristics are obtained by adding a series impedance element to a small two-plate antenna with slits. The analysis is carried out by using an equivalent circuit of the antenna, and the effect of the impedance added in the series is examined.
gC1q Receptor Ligation Selectively Down-Regulates Human IL-12 Production through Activation of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway (2005)

gC1qR, a complement receptor for C1q, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammatory and antiviral T cell responses. Several pathogens, including hepatitis C virus, exploit gC1qR-dependent regulatory pathways to manipulate host immunity. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of gC1qR signaling involved in regulating inflammatory responses remains unknown. We report the selective inhibition of TLR4-induced IL-12 production after cross-linking of gC1qR on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells. Suppression of IL-12 did not result from increased IL-10 or TGF-beta, but was dependent on PI3K activation. Activation of PI3K and subsequent phosphorylation of Akt define an intracellular pathway mediating gC1qR signaling and cross-talk with TLR4 signaling. This is the first report to identify signaling pathways used by gC1qR-mediated immune suppression, and it establishes a means of complement-mediated immune suppression to inhibit Th1 immunity crucial for clearing pathogenic infection.
Promoter Scanning for Transcription Inhibition with DNA-Binding Polyamides (2002)

When targeted to sequences adjacent to a TATA element, pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) polyamides inhibit the DNA binding activity of TATA box binding protein (TBP) and basal transcription by RNA polymerase II. In the present study, we scanned the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter for polyamide inhibition of TBP binding and transcription using a series of DNA constructs in which a polyamide binding site was placed at various distances from the TATA box. Polyamide interference with either TBP-DNA or TFIID-TFIIA-DNA contacts both upstream and downstream of the TATA element resulted in inhibition of transcription. Our results define important protein-DNA interactions outside of the TATA element and suggest that transcription inhibition of selected gene promoters can be achieved with polyamides that target unique sequences within these promoters at a distance from the TATA element. Our studies also demonstrate the utility of the Py-Im polyamides for discovery of functionally important protein-DNA contacts involved in transcription.
A system architecture for flexible control of downloaded executable content (1996)

We present an architecture that enables developers to build applications that can flexibly control downloaded executable content. The architecture includes an access control model for representing security requirements and a browser service for deriving application requirements from signed content messages and executing content in limited domains.
Regulation of 1lβ-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity in Human Skin Fibroblasts: Enzymatic Modulation of Glucocorticoid Action* (1991)

The regulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD) was studied in cultured human skin fibroblasts. 11-Oxo-reductase activity was 5- to 10-fold higher than 11 beta-dehydrogenase activity. Cells treated with 100 nM dexamethasone (Dex) showed a 3-fold increase in the maximum velocity of both activities without a change in the Km values. Dex induction of 11 beta HSD was half-maximal at 48 h and was blocked by glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. Nonglucocorticoid steroids were ineffective. Removal of serum from the culture medium increased maximum velocity values up to 6-fold. Treatment of cells grown in the absence of serum with 8-bromo-cAMP, phorbol esters, or insulin decreased both 11 beta HSD activities. The effects of Dex treatment and serum removal were additive and were blocked by cycloheximide and actinomycin-D. In all experiments both 11 beta HSD activities were modulated in parallel. Both cortisone (200 nM) and cortisol increased the aromatase activity of fibroblasts in the presence of serum. Prior induction of 11 beta HSD by serum removal increased the potency of cortisone from 10-15% to 50% that of cortisol. We conclude that 1) in human fibroblasts 11 beta HSD appears to be a single protein that is under multifactorial regulation; 2) 11 beta HSD may increase or decrease cortisol availability to glucocorticoid receptors; and 3) plasma cortisone levels may be important in assessing glucocorticoid status.
Effect of Tannins fromQuercus suberandQuercus cocciferaLeaves on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions in Mice (2003)

The gastroprotective effects of 70% acetone extracts of Quercus suber and Quercus coccifera leaves and of tannins (pedunculagin, castalagin, phillyraeoidin A, and acutissimin B) purified from these extracts were examined in the mouse using the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Both extracts (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), given orally, prevented the formation of ethanol-induced lesions in the stomach. The percent protection varied between 68 and 91%. Purified tannins (50 mg/kg) were also effective in protecting the stomach against ethanol, and the percent protection varied from 66 to 83%. Castalagin was the most potent. Both extracts and all of the tannins tested (10, 25, and 50 microg/mL) strongly inhibited (55-65%) the lipid peroxidation of rabbit brain homogenate. These results suggest that the gastroprotective effects of extracts of Q. suber and Q. coccifera leaves and the purified tannins in this experimental model are related to their anti-lipoperoxidant properties.
BMS-777607, a Small-Molecule Met Kinase Inhibitor, Suppresses Hepatocyte Growth Factor–Stimulated Prostate Cancer Metastatic Phenotype In vitro (2010)

Most prostate cancer-related deaths are due to advanced disease with patients with metastatic prostate cancer having a 5-year survival rate of only 34%. Overexpression of c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase has been highly associated with prostate cancer progression and metastasis. In the present studies, the effect of BMS-777607, a selective and potent small-molecule Met kinase inhibitor that has been advanced to clinical evaluation, on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated cell functions and signaling pathways was evaluated in c-Met-expressing PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells. BMS-777607 treatment had little effect on tumor cell growth but inhibited cell scattering activated by exogenous HGF, with almost complete inhibition at 0.5 micromol/L in PC-3 and DU145 cells. This agent also suppressed HGF-stimulated cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent fashion (IC(50) < 0.1 micromol/L) in both cell lines. Mechanistically, nanomolar doses of BMS-777607 potently blocked HGF-stimulated c-Met autophosphorylation and downstream activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In addition, both wortmannin and U0126, but not dasatinib, attenuated cell scattering and migration induced by HGF, suggesting the involvement of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, but not of Src or focal adhesion kinase, in HGF-mediated motogenic effects. Taken together, these data indicate that the downregulation of c-Met signaling by BMS-777607 treatment can significantly disrupt key steps in the metastatic cascade, suggesting that such a targeting strategy may hold promise for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
BAX-induced cell death may not require interleukin 1β-converting enzyme-like proteases (1996)

Expression of BAX, without another death stimulus, proved sufficient to induce a common pathway of apoptosis. This included the activation of interleukin 1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-like proteases with cleavage of the endogenous substrates poly(ADP ribose) polymerase and D4-GDI (GDP dissociation inhibitor for the rho family), as well as the fluorogenic peptide acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aminotrifluoromethylcoumarin (DEVD-AFC). The inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD-fmk) successfully blocked this protease activity and prevented FAS-induced death but not BAX-induced death. Blocking ICE-like protease activity prevented the cleavage of nuclear and cytosolic substrates and the DNA degradation that followed BAX induction. However, the fall in mitochondrial membrane potential, production of reactive oxygen species, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and plasma membrane permeability that are downstream of BAX still occurred. Thus, BAX-induced alterations in mitochondrial function and subsequent cell death do not apparently require the known ICE-like proteases.
Rapid Mini-Preparation of Fungal DNA for PCR (2000)

Nucleic acid detection methods such as PCR have become a common tool for microbial identification and diagnosis. Although PCR amplification can be performed directly for various microbial cultures, for filamentous fungi and yeasts, prior isolation of DNA is often preferred. As the DNA extraction process eliminates many unknown interfering substances present in the biological material, it plays an important role in ensuring consistent test results. Toward this end, considerable efforts have been made to enable improved DNA preparation from fungi (1-3). Many of these methods rely on using a grinder (with or without liquid nitrogen) for initial breaking up of the mycelia. This is a significant handicap when dealing with a large number of samples.
An inducible short-hairpin RNA vector against osteopontin reduces metastatic potential of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. (2006)

Our findings suggest that osteopontin overexpression may play an important role in progression of ESCC and osteopontin could be a potential target of ESCC therapy.