gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme-linked synthetic oligonucleotide probes: non-radioactive detection of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliin faecal specimens (1987)

Synthetic oligonucleotides, complementary to unique sequences in the heat stable enterotoxin gene of Escherichia coli specific for humans, were prepared with a 30-atom spacer arm and a 3' terminal sulfhydryl group which was coupled to bromoacetyl-derivatized alkaline phosphatase. The resulting direct enzyme-linked oligonucleotide probes, containing one enzyme molecule per oligonucleotide, successfully diagnosed enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in clinical specimens by using a modified colony hybridization method and a colorimetric assay. The procedure is rapid, simple and reliable with a sensitivity equivalent to that using 5'-terminally labelled [32p]-oligonucleotide probes. The results indicate that the enzyme-labelled oligonucleotide probes should be applicable to the routine diagnosis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and possess the potential for the detection of other microbial pathogens.
Phase I Study of the Plk1 Inhibitor BI 2536 Administered Intravenously on Three Consecutive Days in Advanced Solid Tumours (2012)

In the present study, BI 2536 showed an acceptable safety profile warranting further investigation of Plk1 inhibitors in this patient population.
Next-Generation Sequencing of Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinomas (2015)

We demonstrate that targeted NGS can identify genetic alterations in minute lesions, such as TICs, and confirm TP53 mutations as early driving events for HGSC. Next-generation sequencing also demonstrated unexpected associations between presumed STICs and synchronous carcinomas, providing evidence that some TICs are actually metastases rather than HGSC precursors.
Optimized nanosecond pulsed electric field therapy can cause murine malignant melanomas to self‐destruct with a single treatment (2010)

We have identified a new, nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) therapy capable of eliminating murine melanomas located in the skin with a single treatment. When these optimized parameters are used, nsPEFs initiate apoptosis without hyperthermia. We have developed new suction electrodes that are compatible with human skin and have applied them to a xenograft nude mouse melanoma model system to identify the optimal field strength, pulse frequency and pulse number for the treatment of murine melanomas. A single treatment using the optimal pulse parameters (2,000 pulses, 100 ns in duration, 30 kV/cm in amplitude at a pulse frequency of 5-7 pulses/sec) eliminated all 17 melanomas treated with those parameters in 4 mice. This was the highest pulse frequency that we could use without raising the treated skin tumor temperature above 40 degrees C. We also demonstrate that the effects of nsPEF therapy are highly localized to only cells located between electrodes and results in very little scarring of the nsPEF-treated skin.
CCR5 signaling through phospholipase D involves p44/42 MAP‐kinases and promotes HIV‐1 LTR‐directed gene expression (2007)

The chemokine receptor CCR5 plays an important role as an entry gate for the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and for viral postentry events. Among signal transducers used by chemoattractant receptors, the phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D (PLD) produces large amounts of second messengers in most cell types. However, the relevance of PLD isoforms to CCR5 signaling and HIV-1 infection process remains unexplored. We show here that CCR5 activation by MIP-1beta in HeLa-MAGI cells triggered a rapid and substantial PLD activity, as assessed by mass choline production. This activity required the activation of ERK1/2-MAP kinases and involved both PLD1 and PLD2. MIP-1beta also promoted the activation of an HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) by the transactivator Tat in HeLa P4.2 cells through a process involving ERK1/2. Expression of wild-type and catalytically inactive PLDs dramatically boosted and inhibited the LTR activation, respectively, without altering Tat expression. Wild-type and inactive PLDs also respectively potentiated and inhibited HIV-1(BAL) replication in MAGI cells. Finally, in monocytic THP-1 cells, antisense oligonucleotides to both PLDs dramatically inhibited the HIV-1 replication. Thus, PLD is activated downstream of ERK1/2 upon CCR5 activation and plays a major role in promoting HIV-1 LTR transactivation and virus replication, which may open novel perspectives to anti-HIV-1 strategies.
Human fatty acid synthase: properties and molecular cloning. (1995)

Fatty acid synthase (FAS; EC 2.3.1.85) was purified to near homogeneity from a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. The HepG2 FAS has a specific activity of 600 nmol of NADPH oxidized per min per mg, which is about half that of chicken liver FAS. All the partial activities of human FAS are comparable to those of other animal FASs, except for the beta-ketoacyl synthase, whose significantly lower activity is attributable to the low 4'-phosphopantetheine content of HepG2 FAS. We cloned the human brain FAS cDNA. The cDNA sequence has an open reading frame of 7512 bp that encodes 2504 amino acids (M(r), 272,516). The amino acid sequence of the human FAS has 79% and 63% identity, respectively, with the sequences of the rat and chicken enzymes. Northern analysis revealed that human FAS mRNA was about 9.3 kb in size and that its level varied among human tissues, with brain, lung, and liver tissues showing prominent expression. The nucleotide sequence of a segment of the HepG2 FAS cDNA (bases 2327-3964) was identical to that of the cDNA from normal human liver and brain tissues, except for a 53-bp sequence (bases 3892-3944) that does not alter the reading frame. This altered sequence is also present in HepG2 genomic DNA. The origin and significance of this sequence variance in the HepG2 FAS gene are unclear, but the variance apparently does not contribute to the lower activity of HepG2 FAS.
Characterization of Vascular Permeability-Increasing Component Isolated from Solid Tumors and the Effect of Highly Polymerized Dextran Sulfate on Its Activity (1986)

Increase in vascular permeability is usually seen at the growth site of a tumor implant in murine dermal tissue. Increased vascular permeability was inducible by the subcutaneous injection of a solid tumor extract rich in protein precipitable at 20-50% saturation of ammonium sulfate. The vascular permeability-increasing activity of the tumor extract was reducible in the presence of highly polymerized dextran sulfate (DS-500) which showed a strong anticomplementary activity, but not by other substances such as dextran sulfate with a low molecular weight, non-sulfated dextran, chondroitin sulfate or heparin. As the tumor extract includes gamma-globulins in aggregated or bound form and adsorbs complements, it is probable that the aggregated gamma-globulins increase vascular permeability by triggering the complement activation system in the skin. DS-500 might antagonize the process.
Modern pollen precipitation from an elevational transect in central Jordan and its relationship to vegetation (2001)

Aim To explore the relationship between modern pollen precipitation and vegetation patterns in an arid region of the Middle East. Location Data come from the central Jordan Rift from 1700 m elevation in the highlands to 300 m below sea level in the Dead Sea basin. Methods Modern pollen samples and descriptive vegetation data were collected from twenty‐one locations at 100 m elevational intervals from the highest elevations on the eastern side of the rift valley, where woodlands grow, to the lowest elevation desert on earth, characterized by drought and salt tolerant plants. Pollen percentage data from each vegetation zone are compared descriptively and numerically using cluster and Principal Components Analyses (PCA). Results Three major vegetation zones: woodland, shrub steppe, and desert scrub, are identified by their dominant plant species. The widely spaced tree, Quercus calliprinos Webb, defines the Quercus L. woodland that grows above 1500 m elevation. The shrub steppe can be divided into two subzones found between about 1500 and 900 m elevation: Artemisia herba‐alba Asso shrub steppe and Artemisia L. shrub steppe with Juniperus phoenica L. Desert scrub dominates the lower elevation landscape with Hammada salicornia (Moq.) Iljin the dominant shrub between 900 and 200 m and Haloxylon persicum Bge. found below 200 m elevation. Pollen spectra reflect the elevational vegetation zones. In particular, Quercus L. , Juniperus L. and Tamarix L. pollen are abundant where the trees grow. Highly variable amounts of non‐arboreal pollen taxa – primarily Artemisia L. and Chenopodiaceae Vent. – differentiate shrub steppe from desert scrub vegetation. Cluster and PCA of pollen data support the qualitative vegetation zonation. Main conclusions The main vegetation zones along the Jordan Rift from 1700 to –300 m elevation can be distinguished by their modern pollen precipitation. Open vegetation types, in particular, can be recognized by their pollen spectra. High amounts of Artemisia L. pollen distinguish the moister upper elevations where Artemisia L. steppe grows. In contrast, greater amounts of Chenopodiaceae Vent. pollen characterize the drier, lower elevation deserts.
Oral spironolactone improves acne vulgaris and reduces sebum excretion (1984)

In a consecutive series of thirty-six male and female patients referred with severe acne, the effect of 3 months' treatment with placebo or spironolactone (50-200 mg daily) on sebum excretion and clinical and endocrine status was evaluated double-blind. Twenty-six patients completed the study. Abnormal free androgen indices were found in 27% of the original nineteen female subjects. Spironolactone reduced sebum excretion in all female subjects, but there was no correlation between sebum response and androgen status. The clinical response was dose-dependent, with maximum subjective and objective benefit when spironolactone doses of 150-200 mg were used.
Structure-Function Analysis of Human α1→3Fucosyltransferases (1995)

Human alpha 1-->3fucosyltransferases constitute a family of closely related membrane-bound enzymes distinguished by differences in acceptor specificities and inherent protein biochemical properties. One such biochemical property is sensitivity to enzyme inactivation by sulfhydral-group modifying reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide. The basis for this property has been studied using a fusion protein of FucT-III and FucT-V composed of Protein A coupled to the catalytic domain of the enzyme. The results indicate that modification of FucT-V by 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) resulted in efficient enzyme inactivation that could be reversed by excess thiol reagent suggesting that the free sulfhydral group on the enzyme was required for activity. Recombinant forms of both FucT-III and FucT-V were irreversibly inactivated by N-ethylmaleimide and could be effectively protected from inactivation by GDP-fucose and GDP but not by UDP-galactose, fucose, or N-acetyllactosamine. Analysis of the distribution of Cys residues in aligned sequences of cloned human alpha 1-->3fucosyltransferases indicated one site, Cys143 of FucT-III and Cys156 of FucT-V, corresponded to the highly conservative replacement of Ser178 in FucT-IV, an enzyme insensitive to N-ethylmaleimide. A site-directed mutagenesis experiment was performed to replace Ser178 of FucT-IV with a Cys residue. The mutant FucT-IV enzyme was active; however, the Km for GDP-fucose was increased about 3-fold compared to the native enzyme to 28 +/- 3 microM. This enzyme was N-ethylmaleimide sensitive and could be partially protected by GDP-fucose but not N-acetyllactosamine. These results support the importance of Ser178 of FucT-IV in donor substrate binding and strongly suggest analogous Cys residues are the GDP-fucose protectable, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive sites present in FucT-III and -V.
Localization and alternative splicing of agrin mRNA in adult rat brain: transcripts encoding isoforms that aggregate acetylcholine receptors are not restricted to cholinergic regions (1994)

Agrin is a protein implicated in the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction. In addition to motor neurons, agrin mRNA has been detected in the brains of embryonic rat and chick and adult marine ray, suggesting that this molecule may also be involved in the formation of synapses between neurons. As a step toward understanding agrin's role in the CNS, we utilized Northern blot and in situ hybridization techniques to analyze the regional distribution and cellular localization of agrin mRNA in the spinal cord and brain of adult rats. The results of these studies indicate that the agrin mRNA is expressed predominantly by neurons broadly distributed throughout the adult CNS. Moreover, expression of agrin mRNA is not restricted to cholinergic structures or regions of the brain receiving cholinergic input. Recently, RNA isolated from rat embryonic spinal cord was shown to contain four alternatively spliced agrin mRNAs, referred to as agrin0, agrin8, agrin11, and agrin19, each of which encodes agrin proteins that are active in acetylcholine receptor aggregating assays (Ferns et al., 1992). Using the polymerase chain reaction we demonstrate that all four of these agrin transcripts are expressed within the adult CNS. Agrin0, agrin8, and agrin19 were present in all regions analyzed. In contrast, agrin11 was detected only in forebrain. Results of these studies indicate that both the level of expression and pattern of alternative splicing of agrin mRNA are differentially regulated in the brain. The broad and predominantly neuronal distribution of agrin mRNA in the adult brain suggests that, in addition to its role at the neuromuscular junction, agrin may play a role in formation and maintenance of synapses between neurons in the CNS.
Silencing of the retinoid response gene TIG1 by promoter hypermethylation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2004)

Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) and Tazarotene-induced gene 3 (TIG3) are retinoid acid (RA) target genes as well as candidate tumor suppressor genes in human cancers. In our study, we have investigated the expression of TIG1 and TIG3 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Loss of TIG1 expression was found in 80% of NPC cell lines and 33% of xenografts, whereas TIG3 was expressed in all NPC samples and immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. In order to elucidate the epigenetic silencing of TIG1 in NPC, the methylation status of TIG1 promoter was examined by genomic bisulfite sequencing and methylation-specific PCR (MSP). We have detected dense methylation of TIG1 5'CpG island in the 5 TIG1-negative NPC cell lines and xenograft (C666-1, CNE1, CNE2, HONE1 and X666). Partial methylation was observed in 1 NPC cell line HK1 showing dramatic decreased in TIG1 expression. Promoter methylation was absent in 2 TIG1-expressed NPC xenografts and the normal epithelial cells. Restoration of TIG1 expression and unmethylated alleles were observed in NPC cell lines after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. Moreover, the methylated TIG1 sequence was detected in 39 of 43 (90.7%) primary NPC tumors by MSP. In conclusion, our results showed that TIG1 expression is lost in the majority of NPC cell lines and xenografts, while promoter hypermethylation is the major mechanism for TIG1 silencing. Furthermore, the frequent epigenetic inactivation of TIG1 in primary NPC tumors implied that it may play an important role in NPC tumorigenesis.
Use of B-Glucuronidase (GUS) as a Marker for Transformation in Sugarbeet (1993)

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Preliminary antigenic characterization of an avian pneumovirus isolated from commercial turkeys in Colorado, USA (1999)

An avian pneumovirus (APV) isolated from turkeys showing respiratory disease in Colorado, USA, shared some characteristics with earlier subgroup A and B APV strains. This virus, designated the Colorado isolate (Colorado), when used after either seven passages in chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF), or seven passages in CEF followed by six turkey passages, induced clinical signs in turkeys that were similar to those caused by earlier APV strains. Although it induced an antibody response in specific pathogen free chickens, clinical signs were not seen. Unlike subgroups A or B, Colorado did not cause ciliostasis in tracheal organ cultures, but produced a cytopathic effect in chick embryo fibroblasts typical of that seen with other APV strains. Monospecific antisera to A or B strains did not neutralize Colorado and vice versa; nor did monoclonal antibodies, which neutralize subgroup A or B strains, neutralize Colorado. However, it was partially neutralized by a subgroup A hyperimmune serum. A homologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen was essential for the detection of Colorado antibodies, since ELISAs in which subgroup A or B strains were used detected antibody to Colorado very poorly. Subgroup A and B vaccines protected turkeys against challenge with Colorado. However, while Colorado protected turkeys, and to some extent chickens, against subgroup A strains, protection against a subgroup B challenge was less good in both species. These results indicate that Colorado should be classified as an APV, but the antigenic differences suggest that it does not belong to subgroups A or B, and represents a separate subgroup (subgroup C) or possibly a separate serotype.
Solvent Annealed Thin Films of Asymmetric Polyisoprene−Polylactide Diblock Copolymers (2007)

A poly(isoprene-b-lactide) (PI-b-PLA) polymer forming cylinders of PLA in a PI matrix was examined as a polymer system to generate nanostructured vertical arrays of hexagonally packed cylinders. This investigation was motivated by the favorable properties of PI-b-PLA for fabricating nanoporous materials. Films were swollen and annealed with chloroform over a range of thickness and solvent concentration. Examination of the films after swelling with scanning force microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray scattering showed that films with either parallel or perpendicular domain orientations could be obtained. The domain orientation depends on the selectivity of the film surface, mediated by the concentration of chloroform, and the incommensurability of the polymer domain spacing and the swollen film thickness. The results show that solvent annealing is an effective method for obtaining oriented PI-b-PLA cylinder templates and more generally an effective method for obtaining perpendicularly oriented cylinders over a wide area from an initially unoriented film.
THE ROLE OF THE FHIT/FRA3B LOCUS IN CANCER (1998)

Common fragile sites form gaps at characteristic chromosome bands in metaphases from normal cells after aphidicolin induction. The distribution of common fragile sites parallels the positions of neoplasia-associated chromosomal rearrangements, prompting the proposal that fragility disposes to chromosomal rearrangements. Implicit in this hypothesis is that genes at fragile sites are altered by chromosome rearrangement and thus contribute to neoplastic growth. Chromosome band 3p14.2, encompassing the most inducible common fragile region, FRA3B, has been cloned and the FHIT gene, straddling FRA3B, characterized. The gene is inactivated by deletions in cancer-derived cell lines and primary tumors and Fhit protein is absent or reduced in lung, stomach, kidney, and cervical carcinomas, consistent with function as a tumor suppressor. FRA3B thus fulfills the prophecy that fragile site alterations contribute to the neoplastic process through inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene.
Living Carbocationic Sequential Block Copolymerization of Isobutylene with .alpha.-Methylstyrene (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiving Carbocationic Sequential Block Copolymerization of Isobutylene with .alpha.-MethylstyreneDawei Li and Rudolf FaustCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5, 1383–1389Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00109a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00109a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views269Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The C4A and C4B Isotypic Forms of Human Complement Fragment C4b Have the Same Intrinsic Affinity for Complement Receptor 1 (CR1/CD35) (2004)

Several previous reports concluded that the C4b fragment of human C4A (C4Ab) binds with higher affinity to CR1 than does C4Bb. Because the isotypic residues, (1101)PCPVLD and (1101)LSPVIH in C4A and C4B, respectively, are located within the C4d region, one may have expected a direct binding contribution of C4d to the interaction with CR1. However, using surface plasmon resonance as our analytical tool, with soluble rCR1 immobilized on the biosensor chip, we failed to detect significant binding of C4d of either isotype. By contrast, binding of C4c was readily detectable. C4A and C4B, purified from plasma lacking one of the isotypes, were Cs converted to C4Ab and C4Bb. Spontaneously formed disulfide-linked dimers were separated from monomers and higher oligomers by sequential chromatographic steps. The binding sensorgrams of C4Ab and C4Bb monomers as analytes reached steady state plateaus, and these equilibrium data yielded essentially superimposable saturation curves that were well fit by a one-site binding model. Although a two-site model was required to fit the equilibrium-binding data for the dimeric forms of C4b, once again there was little difference in the K(D) values obtained for each isotype. Independent verification of our surface plasmon resonance studies came from ELISA-based inhibition experiments in which monomers of C4Ab and C4Bb were equipotent in inhibiting the binding of soluble CR1 to plate-bound C4b. Although divergent from previous reports, our results are consistent with recent C4Ad structural data that raised serious doubts about there being a conformational basis for the previously reported isotypic differences in the C4b-CR1 interaction.