gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Curcuminoids and Sesquiterpenoids in Turmeric (Curcuma longaL.) Suppress an Increase in Blood Glucose Level in Type 2 Diabetic KK-AyMice (2005)

Turmeric, the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., has a wide range of effects on human health. The chemistry includes curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids as components, which are known to have antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, and antiinflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of three turmeric extracts on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice (6 weeks old, n = 5/group). These turmeric extracts were obtained by ethanol extraction (E-ext) to yield both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids, hexane extraction (H-ext) to yield sesquiterpenoids, and ethanol extraction from hexane-extraction residue (HE-ext) to yield curcuminoids. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the other groups were fed a diet containing 0.1 or 0.5 g of H-ext or HE-ext/100 g of diet or 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-ext/100 g of diet for 4 weeks. Although blood glucose levels in the control group significantly increased (P < 0.01) after 4 weeks, feeding of 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-ext, 0.5 g of H-ext, and 0.5 g of HE-ext/100 g of diet suppressed the significant increase in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, E-ext stimulated human adipocyte differentiation, and these turmeric extracts had human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand-binding activity in a GAL4-PPAR-gamma chimera assay. Also, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and ar-turmerone had PPAR-gamma ligand-binding activity. These results indicate that both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric exhibit hypoglycemic effects via PPAR-gamma activation as one of the mechanisms, and suggest that E-ext including curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids has the additive or synergistic effects of both components.
Identification of molecular sites on factor VII which mediate its assembly and function in the extrinsic pathway activation complex. (1991)

Factor VII-VIIa, in association with tissue factor, participates in the complex which initiates blood coagulation through the extrinsic pathway. To identify functional domains on factor VII which mediate the activation of factor X, 16 synthetic peptides corresponding to 55% of the primary structure were assayed for their ability to inhibit factor VII function. Factor Xa formation was inhibited by eight of the peptides in a dose-dependent manner. Kinetic analyses indicated noncompetitive inhibition of factor X activation by seven of these peptides. Peptide-(347-361) inhibited factor Xa cleavage of a chromogenic substrate by a competitive mechanism and was excluded from further analysis in this study. Among the seven inhibitory peptides which have the ability to prevent the factor VIIa-tissue factor-mediated conversion of factor X to factor Xa, peptide-(285-305) was most inhibitory, with a Ki value of 2.4 microM. The Ki values were in the range of 42-65 microM for peptides-(44-50), -(194-214), -(208-229), and -(376-390). The least inhibitory peptides were at positions 170-178 and 330-340, with a Ki value greater than 200 microM. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against four of these peptides; and when antisera were assayed by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay, they bound not only to their respective immunizing peptides, but also to factor VII. The Fab fragments of specific IgG preparations, affinity-purified on a factor VII-agarose column, inhibited the rate of factor X activation in a dose-dependent manner. Six of the seven inhibitory peptides represent amino acid sequences within the heavy chain of factor VII, and the remaining one corresponds to a sequence within the light chain. The corresponding regions in the x-ray crystal structure of chymotrypsin represented by the six heavy chain inhibitory peptides are found to be located in three distinct regions, one region located spatially distal to the active site and the other two regions located relatively closer to the active site and the substrate-binding pocket. The results suggest that at least three specific regions in the heavy chain and one region in the light chain of factor VII mediate its interaction with the factor X activation complex.
Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype C Associates with Dual Ganglioside Receptors to Facilitate Cell Entry (2012)

Background: How botulinum neurotoxin serotype C (BoNT/C) enters neurons is unclear. Results: BoNT/C utilizes dual gangliosides as host cell receptors.
Electromagnetic properties of composites containing elongated conducting inclusions (1996)

We present a detailed theoretical study of the dielectric and magnetic response of composites containing elongated conducting inclusions---sticks. These composites are widely used as engineering materials. They can be also considered as a model to describe many processes occurring in nature, e.g., dielectric enhancement in grain-saturated porous rocks. An approach is proposed that is based on the idea of a scale-dependent local dielectric constant. We develop an effective-medium approximation and derive an equation to calculate an effective dielectric constant of the composites in the quasistatic case and for the high frequency when there is a strong skin effect in the conducting sticks. Our theory predicts very large values of the effective dielectric constant in a wide range of the stick concentration. We find that the dielectric constant can exhibit various dispersive behaviors. It can have relaxation behavior, power-law scaling behavior, or resonance dependence on the frequency. The resonance dependence occurs when the skin effect is strong and wavelength is comparable to the stick length. Then the real part of the dielectric constant has negative values in some frequency ranges. The possibility of a wave localization is discussed in that case. We consider effective magnetic properties of the conducting stick composites. We propose that the composites with nonmagnetic components will have a giant paramagnetic response as a result of a collective interaction of the sticks with an external magnetic field. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Adaptive Space Warping to Enhance Passive Haptics in an Arthroscopy Surgical Simulator (2013)

Passive haptics, also known as tactile augmentation, denotes the use of a physical counterpart to a virtual environment to provide tactile feedback. Employing passive haptics can result in more realistic touch sensations than those from active force feedback, especially for rigid contacts. However, changes in the virtual environment would necessitate modifications of the physical counterparts. In recent work space warping has been proposed as one solution to overcome this limitation. In this technique virtual space is distorted such that a variety of virtual models can be mapped onto one single physical object. In this paper, we propose as an extension adaptive space warping; we show how this technique can be employed in a mixed-reality surgical training simulator in order to map different virtual patients onto one physical anatomical model. We developed methods to warp different organ geometries onto one physical mock-up, to handle different mechanical behaviors of the virtual patients, and to allow interactive modifications of the virtual structures, while the physical counterparts remain unchanged. Various practical examples underline the wide applicability of our approach. To the best of our knowledge this is the first practical usage of such a technique in the specific context of interactive medical training.
I-κB Kinase β Is Critical for B Cell Proliferation and Antibody Response (2002)

The NF-kappaB proteins are critical in the regulation of the immune and inflammatory response. Stimulation of the NF-kappaB pathway leads to increases in I-kappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) kinase activity to result in the enhanced phosphorylation and degradation of I-kappaB and the translocation of the NF-kappaB proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In this study, a dominant-negative IKKbeta mutant expressed from the IgH promoter was used to generate transgenic mice to address the role of IKKbeta on B cell function. Although these transgenic mice were defective in activating the NF-kappaB pathway in B cells, they exhibited no defects in B lymphocyte development or basal Ig levels. However, they exhibited defects in the cell cycle progression and proliferation of B cells in response to treatment with LPS, anti-CD40, and anti-IgM. Furthermore, selective defects in the production of specific Ig subclasses in response to both T-dependent and T-independent Ags were noted. These results suggest that IKKbeta is critical for the proliferation of B cells and the control of some aspects of the humoral response.
Monocarboxylates of 3‐Methylidene‐β‐lactams: Synthesis and unusual oxidative rearrangement into a spiro[azetidine‐3,3′‐pyrrolidine] derivative (1994)

Abstract Reaction of the 3‐silylated β‐lactams 1 with glycoxalates gives bis‐lactam 3 , but the same reaction in the presence of 1 equiv. of Me 3 SiCl leads to the formation of the disilylated adducts 5 . The latter is desilylated by (Bu 4 N)F yielding the monocarboxylates 7 of 3‐methylidene‐β‐lactams, which, with oxidizing agents, give the spiro compound 8 . The structure of 8 is established by spectroscopic data and a crystal‐structure analysis.
Highly Efficient Retroviral Gene Transfer Based on Centrifugation-Mediated Vector Preloading of Tissue Culture Vessels (2002)

Efficient retroviral gene transfer into primary cells is a prerequisite for various gene therapeutic strategies. We have developed a transduction protocol based on the preloading of tissue culture vessels with retroviral particles by low-speed (1000g) centrifugation. We show that vector-preloaded tissue culture vessels allow highly efficient gene transfer into various target cells. We obtained transduction rates of up to 85% for primary T lymphocytes after just a single round of transduction. Under clinically relevant conditions using a vector developed for suicide gene therapy and produced under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions, the described method allowed generation of large numbers (>2x10(9)) of gene-modified T cells. The preloading concept ensures transduction of target cells in their optimal growth medium regardless of the medium used for vector production. This facilitated highly efficient gene transfer into quite different target cells such as CD34(+) and AC133(+) bone marrow progenitor as well as mesenchymal stem cells. The presented method combines high gene-transfer rates with a great potential for standardization in accordance with GMP guidelines and is consequently well suited for both research and clinical applications. (c)2002 Elsevier Science (USA).
Raman scattering from GexSi1−x/Si strained-layer superlattices (1984)

Raman spectroscopy has been used to determine built-up deformation in GexSi1−x/Si strained-layer superlattice grown by molecular beam epitaxy. By comparing peak positions in commensurate superlattices and single layers with those from incommensurate thick layers of the same composition we can obtain a quantitative determination of strain. Linewidths are affected by the presence of inhomogeneous strain, dislocations, and disorder. Lines are always narrower in superlattice samples, indicating better crystalline quality. In particular, the Raman line from the Si layers of the strained-layer superlattices is indistinguishable from that from single-crystalline Si in both linewidth and frequency. This is consistent with the expectation that the entire lattice mismatch is accommodated as a homogeneous tetragonal strain in the alloy layers only.
Efficiency and structure-activity relationship of the antioxidant action of resveratrol and its analogs. (2002)

Resveratrol and its analogs, six other polyhydroxystilbenes, were synthesized and their antioxidative activities were evaluated in vitro by determination of the levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Results clearly exhibited that resveratrol and its analogs had various potencies in inhibiting lipid peroxidation in rat brain, kidney, and liver homogenates and rat erythrocyte hemolysis. Several polyhydroxystilbenes were found to be more active than resveratrol in these models, and structure-activity relationship studies on polyhydroxystilbenes are described in this paper.
Analysis and clinical relevance of microparticles from red blood cells (2010)

Formation and role of RBC microparticles are far from being completely understood. Combining various approaches to elucidate these mechanisms could improve blood product quality and transfusion safety. Implementation of RBC microparticles as biomarkers in the laboratory routine needs to overcome technical barriers involved in their analysis.
Insulin action and insulinemia are closely related to the fasting complement C3, but not acylation stimulating protein concentration. (2000)

In Pima Indians, fasting C3 concentration is closely related to adiposity, insulin action, and fasting insulin levels and may thus be a mediator for the postulated link between obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and possibly atherosclerosis.
Identification of rCop-1, a New Member of the CCN Protein Family, as a Negative Regulator for Cell Transformation (1998)

By using a model system for cell transformation mediated by the cooperation of the activated H-ras oncogene and the inactivated p53 tumor suppressor gene, rCop-1 was identified by mRNA differential display as a gene whose expression became lost after cell transformation. Homology analysis indicates that rCop-1 belongs to an emerging cysteine-rich growth regulator family called CCN, which includes connective-tissue growth factor, CYR61, CEF10 (v-src inducible), and the product of the nov proto-oncogene. Unlike the other members of the CCN gene family, rCop-1 is not an immediate-early gene, it lacks the conserved C-terminal domain which was shown to confer both growth-stimulating and heparin-binding activities, and its expression is lost in cells transformed by a variety of mechanisms. Ectopic expression of rCop-1 by retroviral gene transfers led to cell death in a transformation-specific manner. These results suggest that rCop-1 represents a new class of CCN family proteins that have functions opposing those of the previously identified members.
Natalizumab for Active Crohn's Disease (2003)

Treatment with the selective adhesion-molecule inhibitor natalizumab increased the rates of clinical remission and response, improved the quality of life and C-reactive protein levels, and was well tolerated in patients with active Crohn's disease.
USE AND INTERPRETATION OF LOGISTIC REGRESSION IN HABITAT-SELECTION STUDIES (2004)

Logistic regression is an important tool for wildlife habitat-selection studies, but the method frequently has been misapplied due to an inadequate understanding of the logistic model, its interpretation, and the influence of sampling design. To promote better use of this method, we review its application and interpretation under 3 sampling designs: random, case–control, and use–availability. Logistic regression is appropriate for habitat use–nonuse studies employing random sampling and can be used to directly model the conditional probability of use in such cases. Logistic regression also is appropriate for studies employing case–control sampling designs, but careful attention is required to interpret results correctly. Unless bias can be estimated or probability of use is small for all habitats, results of case–control studies should be interpreted as odds ratios, rather than probability of use or relative probability of use. When data are gathered under a use–availability design, logistic regression can be used to estimate approximate odds ratios if probability of use is small, at least on average. More generally, however, logistic regression is inappropriate for modeling habitat selection in use–availability studies. In particular, using logistic regression to fit the exponential model of Manly et al. (2002:100) does not guarantee maximum-likelihood estimates, valid probabilities, or valid likelihoods. We show that the resource selection function (RSF) commonly used for the exponential model is proportional to a logistic discriminant function. Thus, it may be used to rank habitats with respect to probability of use and to identify important habitat characteristics or their surrogates, but it is not guaranteed to be proportional to probability of use. Other problems associated with the exponential model also are discussed. We describe an alternative model based on Lancaster and Imbens (1996) that offers a method for estimating conditional probability of use in use–availability studies. Although promising, this model fails to converge to a unique solution in some important situations. Further work is needed to obtain a robust method that is broadly applicable to use–availability studies.
Direct gap junction communication between malignant glioma cells and astrocytes. (1999)

Gap junctions are intercellular channels that connect the interiors of coupled cells. We sought to determine the extent to which malignant glioma cells form gap junction channels with astrocytes from either adult human brain or rat forebrain. The astrocytic gap junction protein, connexin 43 (Cx43), was identified in immunoreactive plaques at areas of cell-to-cell contact between cocultured glioma cells and astrocytes. These gap junction plaques were composed of functional channels, because extensive dye coupling was evident between the glioma cells and astrocytes from both human and rat brain. Calcium signaling was also readily transmitted from glioma cells to astrocytes and vice versa. In live rat brain, injection of glioma cells prelabeled with the gap junction tracer, dicarboxy-dichlorofluorescein, revealed extensive dye transfer to host cells, demonstrating that malignant glioma cells directly couple with normal brain cells. These observations suggest that intercellular communication via gap junctions may play a role in regulating cellular interactions during tumor invasion. In fact, the presence of gap junctions between astrocytes and glioma cells was sufficient to induce a transformation of astrocytic phenotype. Astrocytes cocultured with C6 glioma cells overexpressing Cx43 were significantly smaller and expressed a lower level of glial fibrillary acidic protein than astrocytes cocultured with otherwise identical mock-transfected, gap junction-deficient C6 cells. Thus, direct cellular coupling with glioma cells result in a phenotypic transformation of astrocytes that may contribute to the susceptibility of surrounding tissue to glioma invasion.
A novel voltage balancing control method for flying capacitor multilevel converters (2004)

The voltage unbalancing issue remains a challenge for the multilevel flying capacitor (FC) converter. It becomes more prominent when the number of levels of the converter is higher than three which needs to be addressed. The phase-shifted sinusoidal PWM (PS-SPWM) method has a certain degree of self-balancing characteristic in the ideal symmetrical circuit. However, the use of only the said method is not sufficient to deal with the problem and a closed-loop control is required to realize the voltage balancing control task. The paper proposes a closed-loop control method based on the PS-SPWM strategy and a novel algorithm for the stated problem. The algorithm takes advantage of switching redundancies in order to adjust the switching time of selected switching states to maintain the capacitor voltages balanced without adversely affecting the system's performance. Description and analysis of the method along with simulation results are presented to confirm its feasibility.
Sphingolipid Signaling Pathways as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Gliomas (2007)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor. The interconvertible bioactive sphingolipids sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide have profound effects on GBM cells, with ceramide causing cell death and S1P leading to cell survival, proliferation and invasion. This review will examine the effects of ceramide and S1P on glioma cells and the therapeutic potential of these pathways.
Biosynthetic and glycosylation studies of cell surface platelet-derived growth factor receptors. (1987)

The cell surface pool of metabolically labeled platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors in BALB/c3T3 fibroblasts was studied using an antiphosphotyrosine antibody. Exposure of intact cells to PDGF stimulates autophosphorylation of surface PDGF receptors and allowed immunoaffinity purification of only PDGF-activated receptors. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated appearance of newly synthesized receptors in a surface activatable pool within 30-45 min of synthesis. In the absence of exogenous PDGF, the apparent half-life of this pool was 2 h. The presence of both N- and O-linked oligosaccharide chains on cell surface PDGF receptors was demonstrated. Enzymatic removal of the N-linked oligosaccharide chains reduced the receptor's apparent Mr by approximately 40 kDa and removal of O-linked oligosaccharide caused approximately a 7-kDa reduction. Activation of receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation by PDGF did not require either processing of high-mannose N-linked oligosaccharides to complex forms or the presence of sialic acid on receptor oligosaccharide chains. Tryptic cleavage of PDGF-activated surface receptors in intact cells yielded two discrete phosphotyrosine-containing fragments of 107 and 85 kDa. Cleveland digest patterns from each fragment indicate that both are derived from the intact PDGF receptor. These data indicate that PDGF receptors are synthesized and turn over rapidly in the absence of ligand. Partial characterization of the extracellular domain oligosaccharide contribution to receptor function and trypsin susceptibility is provided.
The DNA-binding Protein Hdf1p (a Putative Ku Homologue) Is Required for Maintaining Normal Telomere Length in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (1996)

In mammalian cells, the Ku autoantigen is an end- binding DNA protein required for the repair of DNA breaks [Troelstra, C. and Jaspers, N.G.J. (1994) Curr. Biol., 4, 1149- 1151]. A yeast gene (HDF1) encoding a putative homologue of the 70 kDa subunit of Ku has recently been identified [Feldmann, H. and Winnacker, E. L. (1993) J. Biol. Chem., 268, 12895- 12900]. We find that hdf1 mutant strains have substantially shorter telomeres than wild-type strains. We speculate that Hdf1p may bind the natural ends of the chromosome, in addition to binding to the ends of broken DNA molecules. Strains with both an hdf1 mutation and a mutation in TEL 1 (a gene related to the human ataxia telangiectasia gene) have extremely short telomeres and grow slowly.
The Role of Plasma Proteases in Septic Shock (1989)

Gram-negative septicemia is a major cause of death and disability among hospitalized patients, with an incidence of several hundred thousand cases each year. If hypotension occurs in association with circulating bacteria or endotoxins, the mortality ranges from 40 to 60 percent,1 levels that have remained unchanged over the past 15 years. Septic shock is almost always associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a process in which microvascular thrombosis leads to the consumption of platelets and coagulation proteins and the stimulation of the fibrinolytic system,2 with resultant hemorrhage. Hemostatic abnormalities accompanied by endothelial changes are among the earliest manifestations of a . . .
The Memory Effects of General Anesthesia Persist for Weeks in Young and Aged Rats (2003)

This study demonstrates that general anesthesia with isoflurane and nitrous oxide improves spatial memory in young rats but impairs it in aged rats for at least 3 wk, indicating that it can influence memory for much longer than previously recognized and may adversely affect memory processes in the aged.