gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Human Adult Stem Cell Transformation (2005)

Human adult stem cells are being evaluated widely for various therapeutic approaches. Several recent clinical trials have reported their safety, showing them to be highly resistant to transformation. The clear similarities between stem cell and cancer stem cell genetic programs are nonetheless the basis of a recent proposal that some cancer stem cells could derive from human adult stem cells. Here we show that although they can be managed safely during the standard ex vivo expansion period (6-8 weeks), human mesenchymal stem cells can undergo spontaneous transformation following long-term in vitro culture (4-5 months). This is the first report of spontaneous transformation of human adult stem cells, supporting the hypothesis of cancer stem cell origin. Our findings indicate the importance of biosafety studies of mesenchymal stem cell biology to efficiently exploit their full clinical therapeutic potential.
Transplantation of murine bone marrow without prior host irradiation. (1979)

The experiments presented test the hypothesis that pluripotential stem cells (assayed in the mouse as CFU-S) are normally not in cycle and that the failure of normal marrow transfusions to take in normal recipients is due to the absence of a stimulus to turn CFU-S into cycle. Following marrow transfusion from male donors into female isogeneic recipients, spleen, liver, and various parts of the skeleton were shielded to protect transfused donor cells from lethal doses of radiation gives to the rest of the body. Percentages of hemopoietic donor and host cells were subsequently determined by karyotyping C banded marrow and spleen metaphases and identifying of Y chromosome. The results support the notion that the failure of normal marrow to take in normal recipients is not due to inadequate numbers of transfused cells. Permanent colonization by donor cells, however, requires not only triggering CFU-S into cycle, but also emptying of 'niches' normally occupied by endogenous CFU-S. Partial body radiation meets both requirements. In addition, the results indicate that recently arrived donor cells, protected in the shielded portion of the body, seed more readily into the irradiated areas of the skeleton than do similarly protected host cells.
Very low bit-rate video coding based on matching pursuits (1997)

We present a video compression algorithm which performs well on generic sequences at very low bit rates. This algorithm was the basis for a submission to the November 1995 MPEG-4 subjective tests. The main novelty of the algorithm is a matching-pursuit based motion residual coder. The method uses an inner-product search to decompose motion residual signals on an overcomplete dictionary of separable Gabor functions. This coding strategy allows residual bits to be concentrated in the areas where they are needed most, providing detailed reconstructions without block artifacts. Coding results from the MPEG-4 Class A compression sequences are presented and compared to H.263. We demonstrate that the matching pursuit system outperforms the H.263 standard in both peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and visual quality.
A Humanized Antibody against Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) gpUL75 (gH) for Prophylaxis or Treatment of CMV Infections (1997)

A humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the 86-kDa glycoprotein, gpUL75 (gH), of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been developed. The six complementarity determining regions of the heavy and light chains of the mouse antibody HCMV16 were transferred to human antibody framework sequences and combined with human antibody constant regions to produce a complete antibody. The reshaped antibody recognized cells infected with a variety of virus strains and neutralized clinical isolates of CMV as efficiently as laboratory strains in a conventional plaque reduction assay. This antibody provides a potential agent for the prevention or treatment of CMV infections in humans.
Extending Full Text Search Engine for Mathematical Content (2012)

Abstract. The WWW became the main resource of mathematical knowl-edge. Currently available full text search engines can be used on these documents but they are deficient in almost all cases. By applying ax-ioms, equal transformations, and by using different notation each formula can be expressed in numerous ways. Most of these documents do not contain semantic information; therefore, precise mathematical interpre-tation is impossible. On the other hand, semantic information can help to give more precise information. In this work we address these issues and present a new technique how to search for mathematical formulae in real-world mathematical documents, but still offering an extensible level of mathematical awareness. It exploits the advantages of full text search engine and stores each formula not only once but in several gener-alised representations. Because it is designed as an extension, any full text search engine can adopt it. Based on the proposed theory we developed EgoMath—new mathematical search engine. Experiments with EgoMath over two document sets, containing semantic information, showed that this technique can be used to build a fully-fledged mathematical search engine. Key words: mathematical discourse, language processing, mathematical searching, full text search engine, indexing 1
Nanomechanical Stimulus Accelerates and Directs the Self-Assembly of Silk-Elastin-like Nanofibers (2011)

One-dimensional nanostructures are ideal building blocks for functional nanoscale assembly. Peptide-based nanofibers have great potential in building smart hierarchical structures due to their tunable structures at the single residue level and their ability to reconfigure themselves in response to environmental stimuli. We observed that pre-adsorbed silk-elastin-based protein polymers self-assemble into nanofibers through conformational changes on a mica substrate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the rate of self-assembly was significantly enhanced by applying a nanomechanical stimulus using atomic force microscopy. The orientation of the newly grown nanofibers was mostly perpendicular to the scanning direction, implying that the new fiber assembly was locally activated with directional control. Our method provides a novel way to prepare nanofiber patterned substrates using a bottom-up approach.
Optimizing color consistency in photo collections (2013)

With dozens or even hundreds of photos in today's digital photo albums, editing an entire album can be a daunting task. Existing automatic tools operate on individual photos without ensuring consistency of appearance between photographs that share content. In this paper, we present a new method for consistent editing of photo collections. Our method automatically enforces consistent appearance of images that share content without any user input. When the user does make changes to selected images, these changes automatically propagate to other images in the collection, while still maintaining as much consistency as possible. This makes it possible to interactively adjust an entire photo album in a consistent manner by manipulating only a few images. Our method operates by efficiently constructing a graph with edges linking photo pairs that share content. Consistent appearance of connected photos is achieved by globally optimizing a quadratic cost function over the entire graph, treating user-specified edits as constraints in the optimization. The optimization is fast enough to provide interactive visual feedback to the user. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach using a number of personal and professional photo collections, as well as internet collections.
Significance of Lyt phenotypes: Lyt2 antibodies block activities of T cells that recognize class 1 major histocompatibility complex antigens regardless of their function. (1981)

The effect of anti-Lyt2 on the generation of helper T-cell function and on cytotoxic effects specific for subregions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was determined. The addition of anti-Lyt2 without complement to in vitro cultures blocked the generation of allogeneic MHC-induced help and lymphokine production and cytotoxic effects when the response was directed against allogeneic class 1 MHC antigens (K and D gene products of the mouse H-2 complex) but had no effect when these responses were specific for class 2 MHC antigens (I region gene products). Anti-Lyt2 failed to block the response of help induced to allogeneic mixed lymphocyte-stimulating determinants or the production of lymphokines by T cells specific for class 1 MHC antigens when concanavalin A lectin was used to induce activity. These and earlier results indicate that the ability of anti-Lyt2 antisera to block function is correlated with T cell specificity for class 1 MHC antigens not with the functional activity of the cells.
Lanthanide-Assisted Self-Assembly of an Inert, Metal-Containing Nonadentate Tripodal Receptor (1998)

Lanthanide ions act as templates for self-assembly of ligand 1 to give the triple-stranded helicate 2. Treating 2 with bromine and then water gives the nonadentate tripodal receptor 3. In the absence of LnIII ions, only 20 % of the desired receptor (fac isomer) is obtained as a mixture with the mer isomer.
Monoclonal antibodies directed to different regions of vascular endothelial cadherin extracellular domain affect adhesion and clustering of the protein and modulate endothelial permeability (2001)

Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) is an endothelial cell-specific cadherin that plays an important role in the control of vascular organization. Blocking VE-cadherin antibodies strongly inhibit angiogenesis, and inactivation of VE-cadherin gene causes embryonic lethality due to a lack of correct organization and remodeling of the vasculature. Hence, inhibitors of VE-cadherin adhesive properties may constitute a tool to prevent tumor neovascularization. In this paper, we tested different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to human VE-cadherin ectodomain for their functional activity. Three mAbs (Cad 5, BV6, BV9) were able to increase paracellular permeability, inhibit VE-cadherin reorganization, and block angiogenesis in vitro. These mAbs could also induce endothelial cell apoptosis in vitro. Two additional mAbs, TEA 1.31 and Hec 1.2, had an intermediate or undetectable activity, respectively, in these assays. Epitope mapping studies show that BV6, BV9, TEA 1.31, and Hec 1.2 bound to a recombinant fragment spanning the extracellular juxtamembrane domains EC3 through EC4. In contrast, Cad 5 bound to the aminoterminal domain EC1. By peptide scanning analysis and competition experiments, we defined the sequences TIDLRY located on EC3 and KVFRVDAETGDVFAI on EC1 as the binding domain of BV6 and Cad 5, respectively. Overall, these results support the concept that VE-cadherin plays a relevant role on human endothelial cell properties. Antibodies directed to the extracellular domains EC1 but also EC3-EC4 affect VE-cadherin adhesion and clustering and alter endothelial cell permeability, apoptosis, and vascular structure formation.
Innovative focal plane design for large space telescopes (2016)

Future large drift-scan space telescopes, providing high angular resolution and sensitive observations, require long linear focal planes covering large fields of view. In order to reach higher on-earth spatial resolution while keeping a large field of view, the use of homothetic imaging systems is prohibitive for VIS/IR applications. Based on Integral Field Unit technology developed for ground based instrumentation, we present an innovative optical system reorganizing a 1D field of view on a 2D detector array. Such a solution presents a high gain in terms of volume and weight, allowing compact cryogenic systems for IR observations.
A Review of Mitral Isthmus Ablation (2012)

Mitral isthmus ablation forms part of the electrophysiologist's armoury in the catheter ablation treatment of atrial fibrillation. It is well recognised however, that mitral isthmus ablation is technically challenging and incomplete ablation may be pro-arrhythmic, leading some to question its role. This article first reviews the evidence for the use of adjunctive mitral isthmus ablation and its association with the development of macroreentrant perimitral flutter. It then describes the practical techniques of mitral isthmus ablation, with particular emphasis on the assessment of bi-directional mitral isthmus block. The anatomy of the mitral isthmus is also discussed in order to understand the possible obstacles to successful ablation. Finally, novel techniques which may facilitate mitral isthmus ablation are reviewed.
Hardware Interface Considerations for a Multi-Channel Television Automation System (1976)

The newly automated Television Central facility at NBC's Radio City plant in New York controls ten simultaneous audio/video channels. These computer-controlled channels are independent, in that each has its own audio and video switching system as well as control of rolling devices, display systems, and manual overrides. Selection and installation of the General Automation SPC-16/45 computer and peripheral equipment permitted this high level of switching control. The computer architecture and input/output options as well as the needs of the NBC Production and Engineering staffs were important considerations.
Managing battery lifetime with energy-aware adaptation (2004)

We demonstrate that a collaborative relationship between the operating system and applications can be used to meet user-specified goals for battery duration. We first describe a novel profiling-based approach for accurately measuring application and system energy consumption. We then show how applications can dynamically modify their behavior to conserve energy. We extend the Linux operating system to yield battery lifetimes of user-specified duration. By monitoring energy supply and demand and by maintaining a history of application energy use, the approach can dynamically balance energy conservation and application quality. Our evaluation shows that this approach can meet goals that extend battery life by as much as 30%.
Nuclear factor-κB activation: a molecular therapeutic target for estrogen receptor–negative and epidermal growth factor receptor family receptor–positive human breast cancer (2007)

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a transcription factor with pleotropic effects, is a downstream mediator of growth signaling in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and erbB family particularly erbB2 (HER-2/neu) receptor-positive cancer. We previously reported activation of NF-kappaB in ER-negative breast cancer cells and breast tumor specimens, but the consequence of inhibiting NF-kappaB activation in this subclass of breast cancer has not been shown. In this study, we investigated the role of NF-kappaB activation by studying the tumorigenic potential of cells expressing genetically manipulated, inducible, dominant-negative inhibitory kappaB kinase (IKK) beta in xenograft tumor model. Conditional inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by the inducible expression of dominant-negative IKKbeta simultaneously blocked cell proliferation, reinstated apoptosis, and dramatically blocked xenograft tumor formation. Secondly, the humanized anti-erbB2 antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) and the specific IKK inhibitor NF-kappaB essential modifier-binding domain peptide both blocked NF-kappaB activation and cell proliferation and reinstated apoptosis in two ER-negative and erbB2-positive human breast cancer cell lines that are used as representative model systems. Combinations of these two target-specific inhibitors synergistically blocked cell proliferation at concentrations that were singly ineffective. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation with two other low molecular weight compounds, PS1145 and PS341, which inhibited IKK activity and proteasome-mediated phosphorylated inhibitory kappaB protein degradation, respectively, blocked erbB2-mediated cell growth and reversed antiapoptotic machinery. These results implicate NF-kappaB activation in the tumorigenesis and progression of ER-negative breast cancer. It is postulated that this transcription factor and its activation cascade offer therapeutic targets for erbB2-positive and ER-negative breast cancer.
Methionine oxidation in human growth hormone and human chorionic somatomammotropin. Effects on receptor binding and biological activities. (1987)

The oxidation of the methionine residues of human growth hormone (hGH) and human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) to methionine sulfoxide by hydrogen peroxide has been studied. The kinetics of oxidation of individual methionine residues has been measured by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography tryptic peptide mapping. Met-170 is completely resistant to oxidation in both hormones. The other 3 methionine residues in hCS (Met-64, Met-96, and Met-179) have markedly different reaction rates. Oxidation of the methionine residues does not appear to cause gross conformational changes in either hGH or hCS, as judged by CD and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Oxidation of Met-14 and Met-125 in hGH has little effect on affinity of the hormone for lactogenic receptors or on its potency in the Nb2 rat lymphoma in vitro bioassay for lactogenic hormones. The oxidation of Met-64 and/or Met-179 in hCS reduces profoundly both its affinity for lactogenic receptors and its in vitro biological potency. It is inferred by induction that residues 64 and/or 179 are critical for the binding of both hGH and hCS to lactogenic receptors and the expression of lactogenic biological activity.
Properties of a New Chloramine Disinfectant and Detoxicant (1982)

A new chloramine disinfectant, 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, was assayed for toxicity in chickens. The compound did not induce detectable toxic effects in chickens when administered in drinking water (200 ppm) for an 8-week period. The compound has a significant pH dependent ability to detoxify aflatoxin B1.
Holographic waveguide HUD with in-line pupil expansion and 2D FOV expansion (2019)

A method of head-up display is presented that uses an in-line surface relief grating attached to a waveguide propagation head-up display to achieve a large field of view without the need for large-projection optics. Horizontal pupil expansion is achieved using an extraction hologram that is multiple times the size of the injection hologram and is recorded with modulated diffraction efficiency. Vertical pupil expansion is achieved by coupling the surface relief grating to the waveguide surface between the injection and extraction holograms. The grating replicates the beam along the propagation direction, which allows for a larger field of view at the extraction. Using this technique, both a Zemax OpticStudio computer model and a physical system demonstrator achieve a field of view of 16<sup>∘</sup>×14.25<sup>∘</sup>.
Comparison of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity based on cellular DNA content in human, rat and mouse tissues (1986)

O6-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (alkyltransferase) is the repair protein for O6-alkylguanine, a pre-mutagenic adduct formed by a variety of alkylating agents. Previous comparisons of the repair capacity of O6-alkylguanine in different tissues have expressed the alkyltransferase activity relative to total protein, and have asserted that tissues with low levels of activity were at greater risk for mutagenic damage than tissues with higher levels of activity. Because the alkyltransferase uses DNA as substrate, and because tissues vary greatly in protein content, comparisons of tissue alkyltransferase activity may be more appropriately based on cellular DNA content. We compared alkyltransferase activity relative to tissue DNA content with the activity related to protein content in human, rat and mouse tissues. In each species, liver containing the highest level of activity using either method. In agreement with the findings of others, low levels of alkyltransferase activity relative to protein were seen in human brain, rat brain and small intestine, and mouse kidney. However, based on alkyltransferase activity relative to DNA content, low levels of activity were seen in human bone marrow myeloid precursors, rat bone marrow, brain and intestine, and mouse spleen and bone marrow. The range of activity between tissues was 18-fold in human, 15-fold in rat and 8-fold in mouse. In general, the rank of alkyltransferase activity relative to DNA for each tissue was human greater than rat greater than mouse. These results suggest that the mouse is more susceptible to nitrosoureas than rat or human. In each species, the organs with low levels of alkyltransferase activity relative to tissue DNA content would appear to be targets for mutagenic damage following nitrosourea exposure.
Alzheimer's Biomarker Initiative Hits Its Stride (2009)

An effort to develop biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease is churning out new data and making plans to expand.
Use of site-directed mutagenesis to investigate the basis for the specificity of hirudin (1988)

Regions of hirudin important for its inhibitory activity with thrombin have been examined by site-directed mutagenesis. Since thrombin has a primary specificity for basic amino acids, each of the three basic residues and the histidine in hirudin were mutated to glutamine. Mutation of Lys-47 caused a small increase (9-fold) in the dissociation constant whereas the other mutations were without effect. These results indicate that hirudin is different from most other inhibitors of serine proteases in that interactions with the primary specificity pocket of its target enzyme are not crucial to its inhibitory activity. The acidic nature of the carboxyl region of hirudin was found to be important for its interaction with thrombin. Single and multiple mutations of carboxyl-terminal glutamate residues (57, 58, 61, and 62) to glutamine caused increases in the dissociation constant. This value increased with the number of mutations and reached a maximum of 61-fold when all four glutamate residues were mutated. Kinetic studies indicated that in all cases where an increase in dissociation constant was observed, it was predominantly due to a decrease in the association rate constant.
Toxin a from Clostridium difficile binds to rabbit erythrocyte glycolipids with therminal Gal. cap alpha. 1-3Gal. beta. 1-4GlcNaC sequences (1987)

Toxin A is one of two clostridial toxins implicated as the causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis in patients undergoing postoperative antibiotic therapy. Evidence that the carbohydrate binding determinant for this toxin is a glycoconjugate(s) with non-reducing Gal..cap alpha..1-3Gal..beta..1-4GlcNAc has recently been reported. Specific agglutination of rabbit erythrocytes by Toxin A is inhibited by bovine thyroglobulin and prevented by pretreatment of cells with ..cap alpha..-galactosidase. Total lipid extracts from rabbit erythrocytes were subjected to thin layer chromatography and the chromatogram overlaid with purified /sup 125/I-labeled Toxin A. Two major and several minor toxin-binding glycolipids were detected following autoradiography. The major toxin-binding glycolipids were identified as pentasaccharide- and decasaccharide-ceramides expressing terminal Gal..cap alpha..1-3Gal..beta..1-4GlcNAc sequences. Treatment of the toxin-binding glycolipids with ..cap alpha..-galactosidase abolished binding. Forsmann glycolipid, globoside, Gal..cap alpha..1-4 Gal..beta..1-4Glc-cer, and Gal..cap alpha..1-3Gal..beta..1-4Glc-cer did not bind the toxin. These observations are consistent with the proposed carbohydrate specificity of the toxin for the non-reducing terminal sequence, Gal..cap alpha..1-3Gal..beta..1-4GlcNAc.