gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multibranch Entrainment and Scaling in Large Populations of Coupled Oscillators (1996)

Multibranch entrainment is a peculiar mode of macroscopic synchronization in globally coupled oscillators in which a huge number of different entrained states coexist. Simulation results presented below suggest that the total number of those states, $W$, behaves as $\mathrm{exp}{N({g}_{c}\ensuremath{-}g{)}^{3/2}}$ near ${g\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}g}_{c}$, where $g$ is a control parameter, ${g}_{c}$ its value at the onset of multibranch entrainment, and $N$ the system size. This implies a power law growth of an ``entropy'' of entrainment, $S\ensuremath{\equiv}\mathrm{ln}W$.
Detection of alcohol-tolerant hiochi bacteria by PCR (1994)

We report a sensitive and rapid method for detection of hiochi bacteria by PCR. This method involves the electrophoresis of amplified DNA. Nucleotide sequences of the spacer region between 16S and 23S rRNA genes of 11 Lactobacillus strains were identified by analysis of PCR products. Five primers were designed by analysis of similarities among these sequences. A single cell of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei could be detected when purified genomic DNA was used as the template. When various cell concentrations of L. casei subsp. casei were added to 50 ml of pasteurized sake and the cells were recovered, the detection limit was about one cell. No discrete band was observed in electrophoresis after PCR when human, Escherichia coli, mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, yeast, or mold DNA was used as the template.
WHY VEHICLES FAIL IN SERVICE (1992)

Historically, Australian motoring organisations reported on the mechanical condition of passenger vehicles using vehicle inspections conducted by qualified vehicle inspectors. A more recent technique used to measure vehicle breakdown performance has been to conduct field surveys of roadside breakdowns which result in calls for emergency road service. Qualified road service patrols determine and record vehicle data and faults. Since 1987, over 300,000 vehicle breakdowns have been recorded and analysed by the Australian Automobile Association. Major objectives of this program include improved roadside service management planning, promotion of product improvement concepts to vehicle manufacturers/component suppliers and promotion of the role of automobile clubs as authorities on vehicle breakdowns. (A) For the covering entry of this conference see IRRD abstract no 849386.
Latent myostatin has significant activity and this activity is controlled more efficiently by WFIKKN1 than by WFIKKN2 (2013)

Myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, is produced from myostatin precursor by multiple steps of proteolytic processing. After cleavage by a furin-type protease, the propeptide and growth factor domains remain associated, forming a noncovalent complex, the latent myostatin complex. Mature myostatin is liberated from latent myostatin by bone morphogenetic protein 1/tolloid proteases. Here, we show that, in reporter assays, latent myostatin preparations have significant myostatin activity, as the noncovalent complex dissociates at an appreciable rate, and both mature and semilatent myostatin (a complex in which the dimeric growth factor domain interacts with only one molecule of myostatin propeptide) bind to myostatin receptor. The interaction of myostatin receptor with semilatent myostatin is efficiently blocked by WAP, Kazal, immunoglobulin, Kunitz and NTR domain-containing protein 1 or growth and differentiation factor-associated serum protein 2 (WFIKKN1), a large extracellular multidomain protein that binds both mature myostatin and myostatin propeptide [Kondás et al. (2008) J Biol Chem 283, 23677-23684]. Interestingly, the paralogous protein WAP, Kazal, immunoglobulin, Kunitz and NTR domain-containing protein 2 or growth and differentiation factor-associated serum protein 1 (WFIKKN2) was less efficient than WFIKKN1 as an antagonist of the interactions of myostatin receptor with semilatent myostatin. Our studies have shown that this difference is attributable to the fact that only WFIKKN1 has affinity for the propeptide domain, and this interaction increases its potency in suppressing the receptor-binding activity of semilatent myostatin. As the interaction of WFIKKN1 with various forms of myostatin permits tighter control of myostatin activity until myostatin is liberated from latent myostatin by bone morphogenetic protein 1/tolloid proteases, WFIKKN1 may have greater potential as an antimyostatic agent than WFIKKN2.
Video Streaming over MBMS: A System Design Approach (2006)

Recently, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) has been specified by 3GPP as a Release 6 feature in order to meet the increasing demands of multimedia download and streaming applications in mobile scenarios. H.264, as the unique recommended video codec for MBMS, serves as an essential component because of its high compression efficiency and easy network integration capability. In this study, we introduce and analyze the main system design parameters that influence the performance of the H.264 encoded video streaming over EGPRS and UMTS bearers. Effective design methodology including robustness against packet losses and efficient use of the scarce radio resources is presented. Care is taken on the processing power of mobiles, service delay constraints, and heterogeneous receiving conditions. Then, we investigate application of an advanced receiver concept, the so-called permeable layer receiver, in MBMS video broadcasting environments. Selected simulation results show the suitability of certain parameter selection as well as the benefits provided by the advanced receiver concept. Finally, a real-time test bed for MBMS called RealNeS-MBMS is presented. With this tool, a standard-compliant GERAN network can be simulated and the system design procedure including H.264 based video broadcast streaming can be evaluated in real-time.
Aging and Genome Maintenance: Lessons from the Mouse? (2003)

Recent progress in the science of aging is driven largely by the use of model systems, ranging from yeast and nematodes to mice. These models have revealed conservation in genetic pathways that balance energy production and its damaging by-products with pathways that preserve somatic maintenance. Maintaining genome integrity has emerged as a major factor in longevity and cell viability. Here we discuss the use of mouse models with defects in genome maintenance for understanding the molecular basis of aging in humans.
A “Turn-On” Fluorescent Sensor for the Selective Detection of Mercuric Ion in Aqueous Media (2003)

A water-soluble turn-on fluorescent sensor for Hg(II) is described. Incorporation of soft thioether donors into an aniline-derived ligand framework that can be linked to a fluorescein platform affords sensor MS1, which shows a approximately 5-fold increase in integrated emission upon addition of 1 equiv of Hg(II). The synthesis and metal-binding properties of MS1 are discussed, and its ability to detect environmentally relevant concentrations of Hg(II) is demonstrated.
Activities of the feline immunodeficiency virus integrase protein produced in Escherichia coli (1994)

Retroviral DNA integration requires the activity of at least one viral protein, the integrase (IN) protein. We cloned and expressed the integrase gene of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in Escherichia coli as a fusion to the malE gene and purified the IN fusion protein by affinity chromatography. The protein is active in site-specific cleavage of the viral DNA ends, DNA strand transfer, and disintegration. FIV IN has a relaxed viral DNA substrate requirement: it cleaves and integrates FIV DNA termini, human immunodeficiency virus DNA ends, and Moloney murine leukemia virus DNA ends with high efficiencies. In the cleavage reaction, IN exposes a specific phosphodiester bond near the viral DNA end to nucleophilic attack. In vitro, either H2O, glycerol, or the 3' OH group of the viral DNA terminus can serve as nucleophile in this reaction. We found that FIV IN preferentially uses the 3' OH ends of the viral DNA as nucleophile, whereas HIV IN protein preferentially uses H2O and glycerol as nucleophiles.
Specific sequences from the carboxyl terminus of human p53 gene product form anti-parallel tetramers in solution. (1994)

Human p53 is a tumor-suppressor gene product associated with control of the cell cycle and with growth suppression, and it is known to form homotetramers in solution. To investigate the relationship of structure to tetramerization, nine peptides corresponding to carboxyl-terminal sequences in human p53 were chemically synthesized, and their equilibrium associative properties were determined by analytical ultracentrifugation. Secondary structure, as determined by circular dichroism measurements, was correlated with oligomerization properties of each peptide. The sedimentation profiles of peptides 319-393 and 319-360 fit a two-state model of peptide monomers in equilibrium with peptide tetramers. Successive deletion of amino- and carboxyl-terminal residues from 319-360 reduced tetramer formation. Further, substitution of alanine for Leu-323, Tyr-327, and Leu-330 abolished tetramerization. Circular dichroism studies showed that peptide 319-351 had the highest alpha-helix content, while the other peptides that did not form tetramers had low helical structure. These studies define a minimal region and identify certain critical residues involved in tetramerization. Cross-linking studies between monomer units in the tetramer suggest that the helices adopt an anti-parallel arrangement. We propose that conformational shifts in the helical structure of the p53 tetramerization domain result in a repositioning of subunits relative to one another. This repositioning provides an explanation relating conformational changes at the carboxyl terminus with changes in sequence-specific DNA binding by the highly conserved central domain.
Identification of archetype and rearranged forms of BK virus in leukocytes from healthy individuals (2000)

BK virus (BKV) establishes a persistent, asymptomatic infection in more than 80% of the human population, and in immunocompromised individuals BKV causes acute urinary tract infections. Two forms of BKV, archetype and rearranged, have been recovered previously from urine samples. The rearranged form is believed to have emerged from the archetype form by the deletion and duplication of sequences within the transcriptional control region (TCR). We have PCR-amplified unique rearranged forms of the BKV TCR from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of healthy donors. By employing archetype-specific PCR primers, the archetype BKV TCR was also detected in PBLs. These findings are consistent with the hypotheses that PBLs transport BKV to different sites within the body and play a role in the TCR rearrangement process. BKV sequences were detected in 21 of 38 BKV-seropositive and 1 of 2 BKV-seronegative individuals. Because of recent suggestions that SV40 may circulate in the human population, the donors' sera were also examined for the presence of specific anti-SV40 antibodies. A high antibody titer to SV40 was detected in only 1 of the 40 donor specimens. This study is the first to characterize multiple BKV TCR variants in PBLs from healthy people and to correlate PCR and serological methods used to detect BKV infections.
β2 Glycoprotein I (β2GPI) binds platelet factor 4 (PF4): implications for the pathogenesis of antiphospholipid syndrome (2009)

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune thrombophilia characterized by arterial/venous thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies that mainly recognize beta2 glycoprotein I (beta2GPI). To investigate potential platelet ligands of beta2GPI, platelet membrane proteins from healthy persons and patients with APS were passed through a beta2GPI-affinity column. By using mass spectrometry, platelet factor 4 (PF4) appeared as the dominant beta2GPI binding protein. PF4 could bind in vitro, with high-affinity, recombinant beta2GPI, and the binding was abrogated by soluble beta2GPI. Coprecipitation experiments further confirmed this interaction. In silico molecular docking showed that PF4 tetramers can bind 2 beta2GPI molecules simultaneously. Size exclusion chromatography confirmed that anti-beta2GPI antibodies selectively interact with complexes composed of (beta2GPI)(2)-(PF4)(4). In addition, as shown by the beta2GPI antigenicity evaluation, the reactivity of APS sera was higher against PF4-beta2GPI complex than against beta2GPI alone. On complex formation, anti-beta2GPI-beta2GPI-PF4 significantly induced platelet p38MAPK phosphorylation and TXB2 production, mainly through F(ab')(2) fragments of antibodies. In summary, this study makes evident that beta2GPI forms stable complexes with PF4, leading to the stabilization of beta2GPI dimeric structure that facilitates the antibody recognition. This interaction can probably be involved in the procoagulant tendency of APS.
Radon-Nikodym Derivative for Operator Valued Weights (1991)

G.K.Pedersen and M.Takesaki have obtained Radon-Nikodym type theorem for weights on a von Neumann algebra. The present paper is devoted to extending their results for operator valued weights. The results obtained here are expected to be helpful as a technical tool for discussing some properties on Kosaki's index and Pimsner-Popa's entropy in a general situation.
Dual Function of Macrophage Galactose/N‐Acetylgalactosamine‐specific Lectins: Glycoprotein Uptake and Tumoricidal Cellular Recognition (1994)

We investigated whether the interaction of peritoneal macrophages with extracellular ligands is mediated by C-type lectins specific for galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine. The carbohydrate-binding domain of mouse galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectin was prepared in a recombinant form. The purified recombinant lectins were tested for competitive inhibition against glycoprotein uptake and against tumoricidal effect. Thioglycolate-elicited macrophages internalized galactosylated bovine serum albumin in vitro. The internalization was blocked by recombinant macrophage lectins. Activated macrophages obtained after intraperitoneal injection of a nonspecific immune potentiator, OK432, did not internalize galactosylated bovine serum albumin. These cells elicited a cytotoxic effect against P815 murine mastocytoma cells, and the effect was blocked by recombinant macrophage lectins. These results indicated that galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine-specific C-type lectins expressed on the surface of inflammatory macrophages and on activated tumoricidal macrophages mediate two distinct functions, i.e. glycoprotein uptake and tumoricidal effector mechanisms.
New approach to antibacterial treatment of cotton fabric with silver nanoparticle–doped silica using sol–gel process (2006)

Abstract In this study, cotton fabric was successfully modified to have an antibacterial property through use of the sol–gel process. Dodecanethiol‐capped silver nanoparticles, which have powerful antibacterial activity, were incorporated in silica sol. The starting materials were silver nitrate, tetraoctylammonium bromide, sodium borohydride, chloroform, 1‐dodecanethiol, ethanol, tetraethylorthosilicate, and water. The cotton fabric was padded with dodecanethiol‐capped silver nanoparticle–doped sol, dried at 60°C, and cured at 150°C. Scanning electron microscopy showed a uniform and continuous layer of doped sol on the fiber surface. The antibacterial effects of the treated cotton fabric against Escherichia coli were examined and found to be excellent. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101:2938–2943, 2006
Stem cells living with a Notch (2013)

Notch signaling has been shown over the past few decades to play fundamental roles in a plethora of developmental processes in an evolutionarily conserved fashion. Notch-mediated cell-to-cell signaling is involved in many aspects of embryonic development and control of tissue homeostasis in a variety of adult tissues, and regulates stem cell maintenance, cell differentiation and cellular homeostasis. The focus of this Review is the role of Notch signaling in stem cells, comparing insights from flies, fish and mice to highlight similarities, as well as differences, between species, tissues and stem cell compartments.
Improvement of recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis due to danazol (1988)

Abstract Recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious problem for the patient and the attending health care team. We report the first ease of Danazol (Winthrop Laboratories, Guildford, UK), a synthetic derivative of ethisterone to improve this condition.
Polyanions Inhibit Murine Macrophage Fc Receptor Mediated ADCC and Binding (1989)

We examined the effect of various polyanions on mouse complement hemolytic activity, Fc receptor (FcR) subclass mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) as well as binding by mouse peritoneal macrophages (M phi) of sheep erythrocyte targets. All the polyanions tested (dextran sulfate, carrageenan, polyvinyl sulfate, pentosan polysulfate and polyanethol sulfonic acid) inhibited the hemolytic activity of mouse serum complement to varying degrees. Polyanions inhibited ADCC mediated by either IgG2a or IgG2b in a reversible manner. FcR subclass mediated binding studies at 4 degrees C indicated that the various polyanions compete for FcR binding of sheep erythrocytes opsonized with murine IgG2a, IgG2b and polyclonal IgG. Polyanethol sulfonic acid was uniformly the most potent inhibitor of mouse CH50 and FcR dependent ADCC and binding functions, but did not affect C3b receptor mediated binding.
Sequential image stitching for mobile panoramas (2009)

This paper presents a sequential image stitching approach for creating high-quality panoramic images on mobile devices. In this approach, each source image in the image sequence is stitched onto the panoramic image sequentially using two operations: optimal seam finding and transition smoothing. In the seam finding process, graph cut optimization finds an optimal seam and creates labeling in the overlapping area between the current panoramic image and the current source image. The current panoramic image can be updated by merging the current source image using the labeling information. If there are visible stitching artifacts in the seam, a transition smoothing operation is performed to hide the seam and remove the stitching artifacts. In the transition smoothing process, a gradient vector field is created from the gradients of corresponding pixels in the current labeled source image to construct a Poisson equation. A composite image can be recovered from the gradient vector field by solving the Poisson equation with boundary conditions. The current panoramic image is updated by merging the composite image. The approach presents several advantages. The use of graph cut optimization guarantees finding optimal seams and avoids blurring and ghosting problems caused by objects moving between capture of input images or by spatial alignment errors. The gradient domain transition smoothing process reduces color differences and further improves image quality. The sequential panorama stitching procedure enables us to produce high resolution panoramic images with limited memory resources. The approach is implemented and it produces high quality panoramic images on mobile devices. It shows good performance for both indoor and outdoor scenes.
THE ABSORPTION OF INSULIN (1977)

It is desirable to improve metabolic control in diabetics receiving insulin. Studies on insulin kinetics provide information that may be useful in the optimization of the injection scheme. Absorption has been measured using 125I-insulin as marker and counting the residual activity with a crystal detector. Plasma insulin has been measured (by radioimmunoassay) in the absence of insulin antibodies. The relationship between the rate of absorption and exogenous insulinemia was analyzed using a simple mathematical model. The time course of plasma insulin was calculated for various insulin preparations, including mixtures. The data suggest the significance of the injection site for the effect of insulin, e.g., a more rapid effect after injection into the abdominal subcutaneous tissue. The pattern of exogenous insulinemia in patients treated with insulin bears no resemblance to that in normal subjects. The calculated patterns of exogenous plasma insulin after injection of various preparations suggest that insulin therapy might be improved to obtain a better and more physiological metabolic control.
Improving Adiponectin Levels in Individuals With Diabetes and Obesity: Insights From Look AHEAD (2015)

OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether fitness changes resulting from lifestyle interventions for weight loss may independently contribute to the improvement of low adiponectin levels in obese individuals with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) randomized overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes to intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) for weight loss or to diabetes support and education (DSE). Total and high–molecular weight adiponectin (adiponectins), weight, and cardiorespiratory fitness (submaximal exercise stress test) were measured in 1,397 participants at baseline and at 1 year, when ILI was most intense. Regression analyses examined the associations of 1-year weight and fitness changes with change in adiponectins. RESULTS ILI resulted in greater improvements in weight, fitness, and adiponectins at 1 year compared with DSE (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Weight loss and improved fitness were each associated with changes in adiponectins in men and women (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for all), after adjusting for baseline adiponectins, demographics, clinical variables, and treatment arm. Weight loss contributed an additional 4–5% to the variance of change in adiponectins than did increased fitness in men; in women, the contributions of improved fitness (1% greater) and of weight loss were similar. When weight and fitness changes were both accounted for, weight loss in men and increased fitness in women retained their strong associations (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) with adiponectin change. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in fitness and weight with ILI were favorably but distinctly associated with changes in adiponectin levels in overweight/obese men and women with diabetes. Future studies need to investigate whether sex-specific biological determinants contribute to the observed associations.
Endothelial Protection by High-Density Lipoproteins (2003)

There are several potential mechanisms by which HDLs protect against the development of vascular disease. One relates to the unique ability of these lipoproteins to remove cholesterol from the arterial wall. Another is the ability of HDL to prevent and eventually correct endothelial dysfunction, a key variable in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications. HDLs help maintain endothelial integrity, facilitate vascular relaxation, inhibit blood cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, reduce platelet aggregability and coagulation, and may favor fibrinolysis. These functions of HDLs complement their activity in arterial cholesterol removal by providing an excellent rationale for favorably influencing pathological processes underlying a variety of clinical conditions, such as accelerated atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndromes, and restenosis after coronary angioplasty, through a chronic or acute elevation of plasma HDL concentration.
Vildagliptin in combination with pioglitazone improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes failing thiazolidinedione monotherapy: a randomized, placebo‐controlled study* (2006)

Vildagliptin is effective and well tolerated when added to a maximum dose of pioglitazone, without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia.