gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of condensed tannins in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and sulla ( Hedysarum coronarium) on body weight, carcass fat depth, and wool growth of lambs in New Zealand (1999)

Abstract The effects of dietary condensed tannins (CT) on growth and performance of young male weaned lambs were measured during a 4‐month grazing trial when either birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) cv. Grasslands Goldie or sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) cv. Grasslands Aokau were fed. Each legume was offered at restricted and ad libitum allowances and the effects of CT were determined by giving half the lambs in each treatment a twice‐daily drench of polyethylene glycol (PEG; mol wt 3350) to deactivate the CT. Both agronomic and animal performance characteristics were recorded. Sulla had higher ( P &lt; 0.01) pre‐grazing herbage masses than birdsfoot trefoil (11.6 cf. 7.1 t DM ha −1 ) and sulla stem (&lt;6 mm diam.) was eaten, in contrast to birdsfoot trefoil where stem was rejected by the lambs. The sulla and birdsfoot trefoil diets had similar protein concentrations in the DM, but sulla had a higher concentration of total CT (88 cf. 50 g CT kg 1 DM) and less structural carbohydrate (189 cf. 328 g kg −1 DM) relative to birdsfoot trefoil. Lambs fed sulla had a similar performance to those grazing birdsfoot trefoil at restricted allowances, with average liveweight gains of 168 g d −1 . At ad libitum allowances liveweight gains averaged 273 g d −1 , but the CT in sulla reduced carcass weight from 21.2 kg (with PEG drenching) to 18.8 kg ( P &lt; 0.05). The CT in birdsfoot trefoil did not affect wool growth, liveweight gain, or carcass characteristics. The trial has shown that both forages are able to provide a high level of productivity, but the CT in sulla can be detrimental to carcass yield from young lambs given this forage as a sole diet for a prolonged period. However, the sulla produces substantially more DM and is better utilised by lambs than birdsfoot trefoil, and is able to sustain high levels of animal production per hectare.
Efficient cross-priming of tumor antigen-specific T cells by dendritic cells sensitized with diverse anti-MICA opsonized tumor cells (2005)

Dendritic cells (DCs) have the capacity to prime tumor-specific T cell responses and are considered as potentially effective vaccines for immunotherapy of cancer. Critical parameters in the development of DC vaccines are the source of tumor antigen (TA) and the mode of DC-loading. Whole tumor cells contain complex assortments of TA, which has been exploited to enhance cross-presentation to CD8 T cells by DCs loaded with anti-syndecan mAb-opsonized myeloma cells. This approach may be broadly improved by targeting the MHC class I chain-related protein A (MICA), which is frequently and abundantly expressed on most if not all types of epithelial cancers but not in normal tissues except intestinal mucosa. Loading of DC with anti-MICA mAb-coated breast, melanoma, or ovarian tumor lines or uncultured ovarian cancer cells efficiently promoted TA cross-presentation and priming of multivalent anti-tumor CD8 and CD4 T cell responses. These were of substantially greater breadth and magnitude than those of T cells primed by peptide-pulsed or apoptotic tumor cell-loaded DCs. These results may advance DC vaccine development and provide a platform for adoptive T cell therapy and TA discovery. These results further suggest that antibody targeting of MICA might be applicable to elicit T cell immunity against tumors of diverse tissue origins in cancer patients.
Sulfatases and sulfatase modifying factors: an exclusive and promiscuous relationship (2005)

Sulfatases catalyze the hydrolysis of sulfate ester bonds from a wide variety of substrates. Several human inherited diseases are caused by the deficiency of individual sulfatases, while in patients with multiple sulfatase deficiency mutations in the Sulfatase Modifying Factor 1 (SUMF1) gene cause a defect in the post-translational modification of a cysteine residue into C(alpha)-formylglycine (FGly) at the active site of all sulfatases. This unique modification mechanism, which is required for catalytic activity, has been highly conserved during evolution. Here, we used a genomic approach to investigate the relationship between sulfatases and their modifying factors in humans and several model systems. First, we determined the complete catalog of human sulfatases, which comprises 17 members (versus 14 in rodents) including four novel ones (ARSH, ARSI, ARSJ and ARSK). Secondly, we showed that the active site, which is the target of the post-translational modification, is the most evolutionarily constrained region of sulfatases and shows intraspecies sequence convergence. Exhaustive sequence analyses of available proteomes indicate that sulfatases are the only likely targets of their modifying factors. Thirdly, we showed that sulfatases and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatases share significant homology at their active sites, suggesting a common evolutionary origin as well as similar catalytic mechanisms. Most importantly, gene association studies performed on prokaryotes suggested the presence of at least two additional mechanisms of cysteine-to-FGly conversion, which do not require SUMF1. These results may have important implications in the study of diseases caused by sulfatase deficiencies and in the development of therapeutic strategies.
InfiniteReality (1997)

The InfiniteRealityTM graphics system is the first general-purpose workstation system specifically designed to deliver 60Hz steady frame rate high-quality rendering of complex scenes. This paper describes the InfiniteReality system architecture and presents novel features designed to handle extremely large texture databases, maintain control over frame rendering time, and allow user customization for diverse video output requirements. Rendering performance expressed using traditional workstation metrics exceeds seven million lighted, textured, antialiased triangles per second, and 710 million textured antialiased pixels filled per second.
99. The synthesis of some 9-furfurylpurines and some related heterocyclic compounds (1959)

R. Hull, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 481 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590000481
Organization and Assembly of Metal-Thiolate Clusters in Epithelium-specific Metallothionein-4 (2006)

Mammalian metallothionein-4 (MT-4) was found to be specifically expressed in stratified squamous epithelia where it plays an essential but poorly defined role in regulating zinc or copper metabolism. Here we report on the organization, stability, and the pathway of metal-thiolate cluster assembly in MT-4 reconstituted with Cd(2+) and Co(2+) ions. Both the (113)Cd NMR studies of (113)Cd(7)MT-4 and the spectroscopic characterization of Co(7)MT-4 showed that, similar to the classical MT-1 and MT-2 proteins, metal ions are organized in two independent Cd(4)Cys(11) and Cd(3)Cys(9) clusters with each metal ion tetrahedrally coordinated by terminal and bridging cysteine ligands. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the cluster formation in Cd(7)MT-4 is cooperative and sequential, with the Cd(4)Cys(11) cluster being formed first, and that a distinct single-metal nucleation intermediate Cd(1)MT-4 is required in the cluster formation process. Conversely, the absorption and circular dichroism features of metal-thiolate clusters in Cd(7)MT-4 indicate that marked differences in the cluster geometry exist when compared with those in Cd(7)MT-1/2. The biological implication of our studies as to the role of MT-4 in zinc metabolism of stratified epithelia is discussed.
Fourteen Years of Shigellosis in Dhaka: An Epidemiological Analysis (1985)

We examined whether the proportion of Shigellae patients among diarrhoeal cases, the distribution, species, case-fatality rates and hospital visits changed over time in Dhaka. We isolated 19639 Shigella strains from 822812 diarrhoea cases treated at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), between 1969 and 1982. The number of cases increased from 209 (2.5%) in 1969 to 4833 (7.7%) in 1976. Extrapolating from a 4% vigorous systematic sample of ICDDR,B hospital visits shigellosis cases and their proportion among diarrhoea cases increased to more than 9500 (12.0%) in 1981. The prevalence of various shigellae species altered over time. For example: in 1969 Shigella flexneri predominated in 74% of all Shigella cases; in 1973 Shigella dysenteriae accounted for 56%, and in 1981 Shigella flexneri again predominated (75%). More than 20% of all Shigella isolations were from infants: 60% in males and 40% in females. Over 7% of severe cases of Shigella infection referred from the outpatient department and admitted for treatment died. Nearly 40% of all the Shigella deaths were in infants of less than a year old while 49% were in 1-4 year old children. Increasing prevalence of shigellosis appears to be an important cause of diarrhoea in Dhaka especially among children. Areas with poor sanitation and water supply had higher prevalence. However, hospitalized cases represented a fraction of the actual problem. Resistance to antibiotics appears to be increasing and the development of new drugs and preventive methods within economic reach of less developed countries are crucial for reduction of the disease and related deaths.
A New Test for Determination of Individual Layer Properties in a Multilayered Reservoir (1987)

Summary Many wells penetrate several layers, and flow from each layer is often commingled during production or injection. The behavior of pressure transients for layered systems has been studied in detail for two types of systems: (1) layers that are separated by impermeable barriers (no formation crossflow) and (2) layers that communicate in the reservoir. In this work, the general problem of n homogeneous layers, in which any two adjacent flowing layers may or may not be crossflowing in the formation, is solved analytically. Properties, including permeability, porosity, layer thickness, the wellbore skin factor, and the vertical permeability between crossflowing layers, are distinct for each flowing layer. Wellbore storage effects are also included, and solutions are provided for both infinite-acting and bounded systems. The key to finding the individual layer properties in a given reservoir lies in the interpretation of the transient flow rates from each layer following a change of the total flow rate for the well. Pressure transients are also used in the analysis. The limiting forms of the analytic solution are used to identify certain characteristic patterns in the flow-rate transients that provide the means for determining the individual layer properties. The methods used in this analysis are entirely new. An example of the interpretation method is provided.
Computational Design of an RNA Hexagonal Nanoring and an RNA Nanotube (2007)

The combination of computer modeling, RNA structure versatility, and siRNA function can be efficiently used to design an all-RNA nanoparticle capable of siRNA delivery. Here, we present a computational design of an RNA nanoring and a nanotube. An RNA nanoring consists of six simple linear building blocks that are assembled together via known noncovalent loop-loop contacts based on RNAI/RNAII inverse sequences. The helical sequences of the building blocks can include siRNAs for drug delivery.
Interaction of ionizing radiation with topotecan in two human tumor cell lines (1996)

The effect of topotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, on ionizing radiation-induced cytotoxicity was studied in 2 human tumor cell lines characterized by a different expression of the target enzyme. The cytotoxicity of topotecan alone or in combination with radiation was assessed in exponentially growing non-small-cell lung cancer (H460) and glioblastoma (GBM) cells using the colony-forming assay. An isobologram method was used to evaluate the treatment interaction. An apparent supra-additive effect in cell killing following drug-radiation-combined treatment was observed only in GBM cells exposed to topotecan for 24 hr. In the case of H460 cells, interaction varied from a strong infra-additive effect at low radiation doses to a slight supra-additive effect when cells were exposed to radiation doses greater than 3 Gy. Northern blot analysis indicated that topoisomerase I expression in H460 cells was 8-fold higher than that of GBM cells. Although the H460 cell line exhibited an increased sensitivity to topotecan, only in the GBM cell line (which expressed a lower level of topoisomerase I) did the drug potentiate the radiation cytotoxicity. The observation that the radiosensitization by topotecan was related to topoisomerase I level is consistent with a putative role of the enzyme in processes involved in the repair of radiation damage. It is conceivable that the modulation of enzyme function results in an effective reduction of cellular capability for repair of radiation damage only if the enzyme is not over-expressed. Although a precise role of topoisomerase I in the cellular response to ionizing radiations (in particular, in DNA repair) remains to be documented, such results suggest the potential interest of topoisomerase I inhibitors in combination with radiation therapy for tumors expressing low topoisomerase I levels.
Resource Scheduling in Enhanced Pay-Per-View Continuous Media Databases (1997)

The enhanced pay-per-view (EPPV) model for providing continuous-media-on-demand (CMOD) services associates with each continuous media clip a display frequency that dependson the clip’s popularity. The aim is to increase the number of clients that can be serviced concurrently beyond the capacity limitations of available resources, while guaranteeing a constraint on the response time. This is achieved by sharing periodic continuous media streams among multiple clients. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study of the resource scheduling problems associated with supporting EPPV for continuous media clips with (possibly) different display rates, frequencies, and lengths. Our main objective is to maximize the amount of disk bandwidth that is effectively scheduled under the given data layout and storage constraints. This formulation gives rise to NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems that fall within the realm of hard real-time scheduling theory. Given the intractability of the problems, we propose novel heuristic solutions with polynomial-time complexity. Preliminary results from an experimental evaluation of the proposed schemes are also presented. 1
A Conserved E7-derived Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitope Expressed on Human Papillomavirus 16-transformed HLA-A2+ Epithelial Cancers (2010)

Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) has been identified as the causative agent of 50% of cervical cancers and many other HPV-associated tumors. The transforming potential/tumor maintenance capacity of this high risk HPV is mediated by two viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, making them attractive targets for therapeutic vaccines. Of 21 E6 and E7 peptides computed to bind HLA-A*0201, 10 were confirmed through TAP-deficient T2 cell HLA stabilization assay. Those scoring positive were investigated to ascertain which were naturally processed and presented by surface HLA molecules for CTL recognition. Because IFNγ ELISpot frequencies from healthy HPV-exposed blood donors against HLA-A*0201-binding peptides were unable to identify specificities for tumor targeting, their physical presence among peptides eluted from HPV-16-transformed epithelial tumor HLA-A*0201 immunoprecipitates was analyzed by MS(3) Poisson detection mass spectrometry. Only one epitope (E7(11-19)) highly conserved among HPV-16 strains was detected. This 9-mer serves to direct cytolysis by T cell lines, whereas a related 10-mer (E7(11-20)), previously used as a vaccine candidate, was neither detected by MS(3) on HPV-transformed tumor cells nor effectively recognized by 9-mer specific CTL. These data underscore the importance of precisely defining CTL epitopes on tumor cells and offer a paradigm for T cell-based vaccine design.
Ordered subsets algorithms for transmission tomography (1999)

The ordered subsets EM (OSEM) algorithm has enjoyed considerable interest for emission image reconstruction due to its acceleration of the original EM algorithm and ease of programming. The transmission EM reconstruction algorithm converges very slowly and is not used in practice. In this paper, we introduce a simultaneous update algorithm called separable paraboloidal surrogates (SPS) that converges much faster than the transmission EM algorithm. Furthermore, unlike the 'convex algorithm' for transmission tomography, the proposed algorithm is monotonic even with nonzero background counts. We demonstrate that the ordered subsets principle can also be applied to the new SPS algorithm for transmission tomography to accelerate 'convergence', albeit with similar sacrifice of global convergence properties as for OSEM. We implemented and evaluated this ordered subsets transmission (OSTR) algorithm. The results indicate that the OSTR algorithm speeds up the increase in the objective function by roughly the number of subsets in the early iterates when compared to the ordinary SPS algorithm. We compute mean square errors and segmentation errors for different methods and show that OSTR is superior to OSEM applied to the logarithm of the transmission data. However, penalized-likelihood reconstructions yield the best quality images among all other methods tested.
Pleomorphic carcinoma of the pancreas with osteoclast‐like giant cells expressing an epithelial‐associated antigen detected by monoclonal antibody 44‐3A6 (1988)

This article describes a case of pleomorphic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, metastatic to the adrenal glands and liver, that has unique cytological and histological features. Cytology demonstrated numerous mononuclear and multinucleated tumor giant cells as well as numerous osteoclast-like giant cells. These features were also seen in the histological sections, as were numerous clear cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated features suggesting an epithelial origin of the epulis cells. Prominent immunoreactivity with the monoclonal antibody (MCA) 44-3A6 of these cellular constituents was seen in the aspirate and in the tissue sections. These data provide further evidence to support the epithelial origin of these cellular components.
Robust Non-Gaussian Matched Subspace Detectors (2002)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Toulouse, France, 2002
Direct real-time detection of single proteins using silicon nanowire-based electrical circuits (2016)

We present an efficient strategy through surface functionalization to build a single silicon nanowire field-effect transistor-based biosensor that is capable of directly detecting protein adsorption/desorption at the single-event level. The step-wise signals in real-time detection of His-tag F<sub>1</sub>-ATPases demonstrate a promising electrical biosensing approach with single-molecule sensitivity, thus opening up new opportunities for studying single-molecule biophysics in broad biological systems.
Effects of Chemical Agents on Ciliated Tracheal Epithelium (1959)

An acceptable nasal formulation should be considered not only from the standpoint of its desired local therapeutic effects on the nasal sinus and mucous membranes, its possible secondary systemic effects on the body, its nonsensitizing properties, its proper pH and isotonicity, but should also be considered for its effect on ciliary motility. Batteries of tests have been established in governing the safe administration of drugs through the many routes of injection in man. However, such standards do not seem to be well established for formulations instilled into the nasal cavity. Though minute in structure and primitive biologically, cilia function vigorously even in the presence of infections, allergens, industrial fumes, foreign bodies, and variations in temperature. They are found in some of the nasal sinuses and in the nasal part of the pharynx. They extend from the base of the epiglottis down the larynx, trachea and bronchi and down to the
GH is a positive regulator of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced adipose related protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (2003)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-induced adipose-related protein (TIARP) has recently been cloned as a TNFalpha-stimulated protein expressed in adipocytes. Its expression is differentiation-dependent and potentially involved in mediating TNFalpha-induced insulin resistance. To further characterize regulation of TIARP gene expression, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with key hormones modulating insulin sensitivity and influencing adipocyte metabolism, and TIARP gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Interestingly, TIARP mRNA expression was stimulated almost 9-fold after 500 ng/ml GH were added for 16 h whereas addition of 10 microM isoproterenol, 100 nM insulin and 100 nM dexamethasone for 16 h significantly decreased TIARP gene expression to between 35 and 50% of control levels. In contrast, angiotensin 2 (10 microM) and triiodothyronine (1 microM) did not have any effect. The stimulatory effect of GH was time- and dose-dependent with stimulation occurring as early as 1 h after effector addition and at concentrations as low as 5 ng/ml GH. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of Janus kinase 2 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase reversed the stimulatory effect of GH, suggesting that both signaling molecules are involved in activation of TIARP gene expression by GH. Furthermore, an increase of TIARP mRNA could be completely reversed to control levels by withdrawal of GH for 24 h. Taken together, these results show that TIARP is not only responsive to TNFalpha but also to important other hormones influencing glucose homeostasis and adipocyte metabolism. Thus, this factor may play an integrative role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and its link to obesity.
Relativistic effects in properties of gold (2002)

Abstract Gold often shows unusual and sometimes surprising chemical and physical properties compared to its lighter group 11 elements (gold anomaly). Pyykkö and coworkers demonstrated in the mid seventies that this is due to effects from special relativity. Recent work in this field indeed indicates that the chemistry and physics of gold is dominated by relativistic effects. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:578–584, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10093
Sodium Handling in the Isolated Perfused Kidney of the Cirrhotic Rat (1989)

1. In cirrhosis the kidney tends to retain salt and water abnormally. Two theories have been proposed to account for this: the 'underfilling' theory, in which sodium retention is thought to occur secondary to perceived underfilling of the circulation, and the 'overflow' theory, in which sodium retention is considered to be due to a primary renal defect. 2. Using the model of cirrhosis produced by carbon tetrachloride administration in the rat, the ability of the kidney to excrete sodium has been examined in vivo and during isolated perfusion. 3. Cirrhotic animals demonstrated a reduced ability to excrete an acute sodium load: 6 h after 2 mmol of sodium was given by gavage, 27.5 +/- 10.5% had been excreted by the cirrhotic rats and 62.5 +/- 7.0% by control rats (P less than 0.025). 4. In contrast, during isolated perfusion, kidneys from cirrhotic animals excreted the same amount of sodium as control animals over a range of perfusion pressures from 90 to 150 mmHg (12 to 20 kPa). 5. The data are consistent with the view that in cirrhosis the kidney retains sodium in response to immediate external factors.