gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of coded light projection techniques for automatic 3D profiling (2004)

Obtaining automatic 3D profile of objects is one of the most important issues in computer vision. With this information, a large number of applications become feasible: from visual inspection of industrial parts to 3D reconstruction of the environment for mobile robots. In order to achieve 3D data, range finders can be used. Coded structured light approach is one of the most widely used techniques to retrieve 3D information of an unknown surface. An overview of the existing techniques as well as a new classification of patterns for structured light sensors is presented. This kind of systems belong to the group of active triangulation method, which are based on projecting a light pattern and imaging the illuminated scene from one or more points of view. Since the patterns are coded, correspondences between points of the image(s) and points of the projected pattern can be easily found. Once correspondences are found, a classical triangulation strategy between camera(s) and projector device leads to the reconstruction of the surface. Advantages and constraints of the different patterns are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of 1‐Alkynes in THF. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Varenicline, an α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, selectively decreases ethanol consumption and seeking (2007)

Alcohol dependence is a disease that impacts millions of individuals worldwide. There has been some progress with pharmacotherapy for alcohol-dependent individuals; however, there remains a critical need for the development of novel and additional therapeutic approaches. Alcohol and nicotine are commonly abused together, and there is evidence that neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a role in both alcohol and nicotine dependence. Varenicline, a partial agonist at the alpha4beta2 nAChRs, reduces nicotine intake and was recently approved as a smoking cessation aid. We have investigated the role of varenicline in the modulation of ethanol consumption and seeking using three different animal models of drinking. We show that acute administration of varenicline, in doses reported to reduce nicotine reward, selectively reduced ethanol but not sucrose seeking using an operant self-administration drinking paradigm and also decreased voluntary ethanol but not water consumption in animals chronically exposed to ethanol for 2 months before varenicline treatment. Furthermore, chronic varenicline administration decreased ethanol consumption, which did not result in a rebound increase in ethanol intake when the varenicline was no longer administered. The data suggest that the alpha4beta2 nAChRs may play a role in ethanol-seeking behaviors in animals chronically exposed to ethanol. The selectivity of varenicline in decreasing ethanol consumption combined with its reported safety profile and mild side effects in humans suggest that varenicline may prove to be a treatment for alcohol dependence.
High-resolution imaging with (99m)Tc-glucarate for assessing myocardial injury in rat heart models exposed to different durations of ischemia with reperfusion. (2004)

The severity of myocardial injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion can be assessed by FASTSPECT imaging with (99m)Tc-GLA. The results suggest that (99m)Tc-GLA will be clinically useful in detecting and quantifying acute necrotic myocardium. The FASTSPECT imaging with the rat heart models provides a solution-specific approach with high-resolution and fast dynamic acquisition for kinetic studies of new myocardial imaging agents.
Fibroblast growth on polymer surfaces and biosynthesis of collagen (1994)

The growth and morphology of rat fibroblasts cultured on various polymer substrates, as well as their collagen biosynthesis, were studied. A clear difference in cell growth and cell morphology was observed among the substrates. The dependence of cell growth on the water contact angle of substrate was similar to that of the adhesion. Fibroblasts could proliferate at the highest rate and showed the highest-ordered morphology when cultured on the substrate with a contact angle around 70 degrees, which was also the most favorable for cell adhesion. The amount of collagen synthesized by total cells and of adsorption of the synthesized collagen to substrates were in good correlation with the cell growth dependence on the contact angle of substrate, whereas the collagen synthesis per cell was more active on the surfaces poor for cell growth than on the good ones. Cells on surfaces promoting active collagen synthesis had a round shape and clustered upon each other. The collagen-immobilized surface had nearly the highest cell adhesion, high cell proliferation, and high collagen adsorption among the substrates studied. In addition, the highest-ordered morphology and no lag time for proliferation were observed for the collagen-immobilized surface. These results indicate that the collagen-immobilized substrate provides the most favorable surface for cell growth at the initial stage.
A Robust Parsing Algorithm For Link Grammars (1995)

In this paper we present a robust parsing algorithm based on the link grammar formalism for parsing natural languages. Our algorithm is a natural extension of the original dynamic programming recognition algorithm which recursively counts the number of linkages between two words in the input sentence. The modified algorithm uses the notion of a null link in order to allow a connection between any pair of adjacent words, regardless of their dictionary definitions. The algorithm proceeds by making three dynamic programming passes. In the first pass, the input is parsed using the original algorithm which enforces the constraints on links to ensure grammaticality. In the second pass, the total cost of each substring of words is computed, where cost is determined by the number of null links necessary to parse the substring. The final pass counts the total number of parses with minimal cost. All of the original pruning techniques have natural counterparts in the robust algorithm. When used together with memoization, these techniques enable the algorithm to run efficiently with cubic worst-case complexity. We have implemented these ideas and tested them by parsing the Switchboard corpus of conversational English. This corpus is comprised of approximately three million words of text, corresponding to more than 150 hours of transcribed speech collected from telephone conversations restricted to 70 different topics. Although only a small fraction of the sentences in this corpus are "grammatical" by standard criteria, the robust link grammar parser is able to extract relevant structure for a large portion of the sentences. We present the results of our experiments using this system, including the analyses of selected and random sentences from the corpus.
Generation of Haploids in Maize: A Modification of the Indeterminate Gametophyte (ig) System (1993)

Haploids in maize, Zea mays L., are relatively infrequent, but have continually been considered potential tools for the development of fixed inbred lines or as vehicles of cytoplasmic transfer. This study was undertaken to develop an efficient method for the production of androgenetic haploids in maize. A novel modification of the indeterminate gametophyte ( ig ) system was developed and the resulting frequency of androgenetic haploids investigated. The method combines the traditional genetic behavior of the ig allele with a tertiary trisomic (3 3 B‐‐3Ld) stock in modified W23 background. Maintenance and generation of ig homozygotes are greatly simplified. The frequency of haploid generation has been elevated to as high as 8% utilizing inbreds of Lancaster heritage. The C, S, SD, Vg, ME, MY, CA, L, and Q cytoplasmic male‐sterile stocks, homozygous for ig and of similar background to the tertiary trisomic stock, are also discussed. Development of a 3( ig ) 3( ig ) B‐3Ld( Ig ) tertiary trisomic stock in an improved modified W23 background should simplify the production of androgenetic haploids and facilitate the exchange of male‐sterile cytoplasm into inbred lines of maize. This stock has potential use in experiments involving wide hybridizations between maize, teosinte [ Zea mays subsp, mexicana (Schrader) Iltis], and eastern gamagrass [ Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.]
Securing XML documents with Author-X (2001)

Author-X is a Java-based system that addresses the security issues of access control and policy design for XML document administration. Author-X supports the specification of policies at varying granularity levels and the specification of user credentials as a way to enforce access control. Access control is available according to both push and pull document distribution policies, and document updates are distributed through a combination of hash functions and digital signature techniques. The Author-X approach to distributed updates allows a user to verify a document's integrity without contacting the document server.
Inhibition of cigarette smoking by orally administered nicotine (1970)

Five doses per day of 10 mg. per kilogram of nicotine tartrate were orally administered to 17 volunteers smoking cigarettes ad libitum. Nicotine administration was found to produce a small but significant decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked.
2-Methoxyestradiol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis independently of estrogen receptors alpha and beta. (2002)

2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME(2)) is an endogenous metabolite of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) that arises from the hydroxylation and subsequent methylation at the 2-position. In vitro 2ME(2) inhibits a large variety of tumor and nontumor cell lines from diverse origins, as well as several stages of the angiogenic cascade. In vivo it has been shown to be a very effective inhibitor of tumor growth and angiogenesis in numerous models. Although various molecular targets have been proposed for this compound, the mechanism of action is still uncertain. As this molecule emerges as a drug candidate it is important to assess the estrogen receptors (ERs) as molecular targets for 2ME(2). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 2ME(2) is able to engage ERs as an agonist and whether its antiproliferative activities are mediated through ERs. We confirm that 2ME(2) has a lower binding affinity for ERalpha as compared with E(2) and other E(2) metabolites and antagonists, and we demonstrate that the affinity of 2ME(2) for ERbeta is even lower. When assessed in the presence of galangin, a cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibitor, at concentrations at which 2ME(2) interacts with ERalpha in an in vitro binding assay, it does not stimulate the proliferation of an estrogen-dependent breast carcinoma cell line. Similar IC(50) values for inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis are obtained in estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent human breast cancer cell lines, irrespective of the expression of ERalpha and ERbeta. Moreover, the estrogen antagonist ICI 182,780 does not inhibit the antiproliferative activity of 2ME(2). In E(2)-responsive cells such as MCF-7 and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells, high levels of E(2) inhibit the antiproliferative activity of ICI 182,780 but not of 2ME(2). Collectively, these results suggest that 2ME(2) is distinct among estradiol metabolites because of its inability to engage ERs as an agonist, and its unique antiproliferative and apoptotic activities are mediated independently of ERalpha and ERbeta.
Alkaline Phosphatase and Hypophosphatasia (2015)

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) results from ALPL mutations leading to deficient activity of the tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase isozyme (TNAP) and thereby extracellular accumulation of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a natural substrate of TNAP and potent inhibitor of mineralization. Thus, HPP features rickets or osteomalacia and hypomineralization of teeth. Enzyme replacement using mineral-targeted TNAP from birth prevented severe HPP in TNAP-knockout mice and was then shown to rescue and substantially treat infants and young children with life-threatening HPP. Clinical trials are revealing aspects of HPP pathophysiology not yet fully understood, such as craniosynostosis and muscle weakness when HPP is severe. New treatment approaches are under development to improve patient care.
Humanized Mouse Xenograft Models: Narrowing the Tumor–Microenvironment Gap (2016)

Cancer research has long been hampered by the limitations of the current model systems. Both cultured cells and mouse xenografts grow in an environment highly dissimilar to that of their originating tumor, frequently resulting in promising treatments that are ultimately clinically ineffective. The development of highly immunodeficient mouse strains into which human immune systems can be engrafted can help bridge this gap. Humanized mice (HM) allow researchers to examine xenograft growth in the context of a human immune system and resultant tumor microenvironment, and recent studies have highlighted the increased similarities in attendant tumor structure, metastasis, and signaling to those features in cancer patients. This setting also facilitates the examination of investigational cancer therapies, including new immunotherapies. This review discusses recent advancements in the generation and application of HM models, their promise in cancer research, and their potential in generating clinically relevant treatments. This review also focuses on current efforts to improve HM models by engineering mouse strains expressing human cytokines or HLA proteins and implanting human bone, liver, and thymus tissue to facilitate immune cell maturation and trafficking. Finally, we discuss how these improvements may help direct future HM model cancer studies. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6153-8. ©2016 AACR.
Construction of a reshaped HMFG1 antibody and comparison of its fine specificity with that of the parent mouse antibody. (1993)

A human antibody with milk mucin specificity was obtained by transferring the complementarity determining regions (CDR) of the mouse antibody HMFG1 onto carefully selected human framework regions. The resulting reshaped human antibody, HuHMFG1, showed no difference in relative affinity for its antigen compared with the parent mouse HMFG1. The minimum epitope recognized by both the mouse and reshaped antibodies was demonstrated by epitope mapping to be identical, and consists of the tetramer PDTR. In a replacement net analysis, in which each of the amino acids was replaced in turn with the 19 other residues, it was determined that mouse HMFG1 and HuHMFG1 reacted with this series of synthetic peptides in an equivalent manner, indicating retention of identical fine specificity in the HuHMFG1 antibody. In contrast to other published reports, this was achieved without involvement of any framework residues in the binding site transfer. These data demonstrate that if well-matching human framework regions are employed grafting the CDR only can be sufficient to confer desired specificities to human antibodies and can, indeed, provide human analogues of mouse antibodies with virtually indistinguishable affinities and fine specificities relative to the mouse parent antibodies.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of highly substituted pyrrolizidines (2012)

A catalytic asymmetric double (1,3)-dipolar cycloaddition reaction has been developed. Using a chiral silver catalyst, enantioenriched pyrrolizidines can be prepared in one flask from inexpensive, commercially available starting materials. The pyrrolizidine products contain a variety of substitution patterns and as many as six stereogenic centers.
Automation of APAAP immunocytochemical technique. (1989)

A tissue processing instrument (the Histokinette) was modified by the addition of an electronic timing device which allows an immunocytochemical staining technique (the APAAP method) to be performed as a semiautomated procedure. After incubation with primary monoclonal antibodies (applied by hand) slides (up to 72 in a batch) are placed in racks and cycled through tanks of reagents, comprising anti-mouse Ig followed by APAAP complexes with intervening timed draining and washing stages. This semiautomated process gave consistent staining results and offered considerable savings in time compared with conventional methods. The same reagent baths were used over four months on an almost daily basis without deterioration in staining intensity, and consequently the calculated overall cost of the staining procedure was less than if the reagents had been applied by hand and then discarded. The machine is now into its eleventh month of operation; the reagents have been changed twice. It is suggested that this approach, because of savings in time and increased consistency, may be an attractive technique for the routine immunocytochemical staining of slides, and that the nature of the APAAP method is particularly suitable for automation as the necessary reagents can be produced at low cost.
Association of metastin/a G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and Down syndrome critical region 1 in epithelial ovarian cancer. (2009)

The precise mechanism of metastin/ AXOR12 signaling for suppression of the invasive phenotype in vivo, especially in epithelial ovarian cancer, is still uncertain. Genes such as DSCR1 that are duplicated in Down syndrome might not play an important role in tumorigenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer.
A18 Keeping Us Well (1993)

Quality Management in Health Care (QMHC) is a peer-reviewed journal that provides a forum for our readers to explore the theoretical, technical, and strategic elements of health care quality management. The journal's primary focus is on organizational structure and processes as these affect the quality of care and patient outcomes. In particular, it: • Builds knowledge about the application of statistical tools, control charts, benchmarking, and other devices used in the ongoing monitoring and evaluation of care and of patient outcomes; • Encourages research in and evaluation of the results of various organizational strategies designed to bring about quantifiable improvements in patient outcomes; • Fosters the application of quality management science to patient care processes and clinical decision-making; • Fosters cooperation and communication among health care providers, payers and regulators in their efforts to improve the quality of patient outcomes; • Explores links among the various clinical, technical, administrative, and managerial disciplines involved in patient care, as well as the role and responsibilities of organizational governance in ongoing quality management.
Confocal microscopy by aperture correlation (1996)

Most confocal microscopes do not produce images in real time with nonlaser light sources. The tandem scanning confocal microscope does produce such images but, because the pinhole apertures of the Nipkov disk must be placed far apart to reduce cross talk between neighboring pinholes, only 1% or less of the light available for imaging is used. We show that, by using aperture correlation techniques and relaxing the requirement to obtain a pure confocal image directly, one can obtain real-time confocal images with a dramatically increased (25% or even 50%) light budget.
The Leading Edge of Stem Cell Therapeutics (2006)

Stem cells, by virtue of their defining property of self-renewal, represent an unlimited source of potentially functional human cells for basic research and regenerative medicine. Having validated the feasibility of cell-based therapeutic strategies over the past decade, mostly through the use of rodent cells, the stem cell field has now embarked upon a detailed characterization of human cells. Recent progress has included improved cell culture conditions, long-term propagation, directed differentiation, and transplantation of both human embryonic and somatic stem cells. Continued progress in understanding basic human stem cell biology, combined with a better handle on the fundamental pathophysiology of human diseases one wishes to target (including the use of human stem cells in primate and other large animal models of human disease), should help to move this technology closer to clinical application.
Preparation of Esters of Carboxylic and Phosphoric Acid via Quaternary Phosphonium Salts (1967)

Abstract When n-valeric acid was treated with allyl diethyl phosphite and diethyl azodicarboxylate, allyl valeriate and diethyl N-(diethyl)phosphoryl hydrazodicarboxylate were obtained in good yields. Similarly ethyl benzoate was obtained in a nearly quantitative yield by the reaction of benzoic acid with triethyl phosphite and diethyl azodicarboxylate. The reaction of carboxylic acid with triphenyl phosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate in the presence of an alcohol resulted in the formation of the corresponding esters of the carboxylic acid, triphenyl phosphine oxide, and diethyl hydrazodicarboxylate. The mechanisms of these reactions are also discussed.
Correlation of shale oil 1-alkene/n-alkane ratios with process yield (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrelation of shale oil 1-alkene/n-alkane ratios with process yieldT. T. Coburn, R. E. Bozak, J. E. Clarkson, and J. H. CampbellCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 7, 958–962Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50029a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50029a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts