gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attachment level changes in destructive periodontal diseases (1986)

The present communication attempts to summarize some of the features of attachment loss which are of interest to the clinician and the statistician analyzing data from clinical trials. These include the measurements employed to detect changes in attachment level, the nature of the destructive disease process and the effects of therapy on the attachment level measurements. Although there are several difficulties associated with the attachment level measurement, at the present time it appears to be the best estimator of periodontal attachment available. The overall standard deviation of this measurement in greater than 46,000 replicate measurements at periodontal sites in 58 subjects was 0.78 mm (range 0.4 to 1.2 mm). In the periodontally healthy subject, the length of the attachment measured around 28 teeth is approximately 700 mm. Therefore, there are approximately 1400 adjacent points along the periodontal attachment where a measurement could be made using a periodontal probe with a 0.5 mm diameter tip. If 6 measurements were recorded per tooth, then approximately 12% of the possible probable points would be evaluated. Recent data indicate that destructive periodontal diseases progress with acute bursts of activity rather than as slowly progressive, continual processes. Such findings suggest new models of attachment loss progression. In one likely model, destructive periodontal diseases would progress by asynchronous bursts of activity at individual sites which occur with greater frequency during a finite period of time in an individual's life. 3 major patterns of attachment loss could be distinguished when frequency distributions of attachment level measurements were constructed for 61 destructive periodontal disease subjects. Pattern I (30 subjects) exhibited a bimodal distribution with localized destruction occurring at less than 34% of sites. Pattern II (14 subjects) exhibited more widespread disease (greater than 33% of sites affected) with a trimodal frequency distribution. Pattern III (17 subjects) exhibited a unimodal distribution in which virtually all sites were affected. The proportions of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus intermedius and Eikenella corrodens in subgingival plaque samples were significantly elevated in sites of subjects with patterns II and III (the widespread disease groups). Bacteroides intermedius, Streptococcus uberis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were elevated in sampled sites of localized disease subjects (pattern I). The effects of therapy by Widman flap surgery and systemic tetracycline were examined by several statistical analyses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Models for Lymphoma (2001)

This unit describes experimental procedures for development of therapeutic vaccines, particularly "second-generation" recombinant vaccines. Specifically, a general procedure for handling and culturing lymphoma cell lines in vitro and their subsequent challenge into syngeneic mice is described. Several protocols describe the production of various idiotype (Id)-based or cellular lymphoma vaccine formulations. In particular, the novel approach of rendering nonimmunogenic lymphoma-derived scFv or Id immunogenic by fusing it with a chemokine moiety is described. As an alternative, a protocol for expression and purification of these chemokine-fusion proteins from E. coli is included. A general procedure is included for cloning of cytokine genes, for example, murine GM-CSF, in A20 lymphoma cells. Support protocols are presented for chemically conjugating intact Ig protein with KLH to produce a prototype protein vaccine and using the Helios Gene Gun System to immunize mice with recombinant DNA tumor vaccines.
Novel triterpenoid CDDO-Me is a potent inducer of apoptosis and differentiation in acute myelogenous leukemia (2002)

It has been shown that the novel synthetic triterpenoid CDDO inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation and apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells. In the current study the effects of the C-28 methyl ester of CDDO, CDDO-Me, were analyzed on cell growth and apoptosis of leukemic cell lines and primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). CDDO-Me decreased the viability of leukemic cell lines, including multidrug resistant (MDR)-1-overexpressing, p53(null) HL-60-Dox and of primary AML cells, and it was 3- to 5-fold more active than CDDO. CDDO-Me induced a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, induction of caspase-3 cleavage, increase in annexin V binding and DNA fragmentation, suggesting the induction of apoptosis. CDDO-Me induced pro-apoptotic Bax protein that preceded caspase activation. Furthermore, CDDO-Me inhibited the activation of ERK1/2, as determined by the inhibition of mitochondrial ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and it blocked Bcl-2 phosphorylation, rendering Bcl-2 less anti-apoptotic. CDDO-Me induced granulo-monocytic differentiation in HL-60 cells and monocytic differentiation in primary cells. Of significance, colony formation of AML progenitors was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas normal CD34(+) progenitor cells were less affected. Combinations with ATRA or the RXR-specific ligand LG100268 enhanced the effects of CDDO-Me on cell viability and terminal differentiation of myeloid leukemic cell lines. In conclusion, CDDO-Me is an MDR-1- and a p53-independent compound that exerts strong antiproliferative, apoptotic, and differentiating effects in myeloid leukemic cell lines and in primary AML samples when given in submicromolar concentrations. Differential effects of CDDO-Me on leukemic and normal progenitor cells suggest that CDDO-Me has potential as a novel compound in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
Bimetallic Palladium Catalysis: Direct Observation of Pd(III)−Pd(III) Intermediates (2009)

PhI(OAc)(2) is a common oxidant for Pd-catalyzed C-H bond functionalizations. Mechanistic hypotheses since the 1960s have suggested a Pd(II)/Pd(IV) mechanism. Here we present evidence for the relevance of bimetallic Pd(III) complexes to catalysis. A bimetallic Pd(III) acetate was isolated and can afford product by bimetallic reductive elimination.
Comparison between intranasal dexmedetomidine and intranasal midazolam as premedication for brain magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric patients: A prospective randomized double blind trial (2017)

Intranasal dexmedetomidine results in more successful parental separation and yields a higher sedation level at the time of induction of anesthesia than intranasal midazolam as premedication, with negligible side effects. However, its onset of action is relatively prolonged.
The Physical Reality of Zenneck's Surface Wave (1937)

The first part of the paper shows that a vertical dipole does not generate a surface wave which at great distances behaves like Zenneck's plane surface wave. In Parts Two and Three it is shown that it is not necessary to call upon the Zenneck wave to explain the success of the wave antennas.
Direct selection of cDNAs using whole chromosomes (1995)

We have developed a method for direct selection of cDNAs using whole chromosomes as target DNA. Double-strand cDNAs were synthesized from human fetal brain polyadenylated mRNAs. Flow-sorted chromosomes 17 and 19 were amplified by degenerate oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) and used to capture ds cDNAs by an improved magnetic bead capture protocol. To demonstrate the capabilities of this method, the selected cDNAs were used as probes in FISH experiments. The selected cDNA populations specifically painted chromosomes 17 or 19 on metaphase spreads. These results demonstrate that it is possible to do chromosome painting using cDNA probes and that this method is a means to rapidly select expressed sequences encoded by any portion of the genome.
Purification and characterization of rat liver nuclear thyroid hormone receptors. (1987)

Nuclear thyroid hormone receptor was purified to 904 pmol of L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) binding capacity per mg of protein with 2.5-5.2% recovery by sequentially using hydroxylapatite column chromatography, ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, DNA-cellulose column chromatography, DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography, and heparin-Sepharose column chromatography. Assuming that one T3 molecule binds to the 49,000-Da unit of the receptor, we reproducibly obtained 6.4-14.7 micrograms of receptor protein with 4.2-4.9% purity from 4-5 kg of rat liver. Elution of receptor from the heparin-Sepharose column was performed using 10 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, which was observed to diminish binding of receptor to heparin-Sepharose or DNA-cellulose. This effect was specific for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, since related compounds were not effective. Purified receptor bound T3 with high affinity (6.0 X 10(9) liter/mol), and the order of affinity of iodothyronine analogues to purified receptor was identical to that observed with crude receptor preparations [3,5,3'-triiodothyroacetic acid greater than L-T3 greater than D-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (D-T3) greater than L-thyroxine greater than D-thyroxine]. Purified receptor had a sedimentation coefficient of 3.4 S, Stokes radius of 34 A, and calculated molecular mass of 49,000. Among several bands identified by silver staining after electrophoresis in NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels, one 49,000-Da protein showed photoaffinity labeling with [125I]thyroxine that was displaceable with excess unlabeled T3. The tryptic fragment and endogenous proteinase-digested fragment of the affinity-labeled receptor showed saturable binding in 27,000-Da and 36,000-Da peptides, respectively. These molecular masses are in agreement with estimates from gel filtration and gradient sedimentation, indicating that affinity labeling occurred at the hormone binding domain of nuclear thyroid hormone receptor. This procedure reproducibly provides classical native rat liver T3 nuclear receptor in useful quantity and purity and of the highest specific activity so far reported.
Mitochondria in tumor cells studied by laser scanning confocal microscopy (2004)

We present here a confocal fluorescence microscopy study of mitochondria in sensitive and resistant carcinoma cells by using two potentiometric probes of mitochondria, rhodamine 123 (R123) and dimethylaminostyryl-methylpyridiniumiodine. We have found that active mitochondria in sensitive MCF-7 and multidrug resistant MCF-7/DX carcinoma cells are very different in localization and morphology. In sensitive cells active mitochondria are found in the perinuclear region, whereas in the multidrug resistance (MDR) subline they are confined to the cell periphery. Interestingly, the MDR revertant verapamil has been found to restore in MCF-7/DX cells the same pattern of active mitochondria seen in sensitive cells. We have also studied R123 in human lung carcinoma A549 cells, which display a low responsivity to doxorubicin, and overexpress the lung resistance-related protein. In addition to perinuclear mitochondria, peripheral mitochondria with weaker fluorescence can be seen in this cell line. Interestingly, in the two examined carcinoma lines we have been able to recognize by image analysis a common new star-lobed morphology. Our results indicate that in resistant carcinoma cells two populations of mitochondria coexist with different localization, morphology, and activity.
Observation of the Pathway from Lysine to the Isoprenoidal Lipid of Halophilic Archaea, Halobacterium halobium and Natrinema pallidum, Using Regiospecifically Deuterated Lysine (2001)

Abstract We examined the incorporation of lysine into archaeal isoprenoidal lipids of halophilic archaea, Natrinema pallidum and Halobacterium halobium using two regiospecifically deuterium-labeled derivatives, [3,3-2H2] and [6,6-2H2]lysines. The two deuterated lysines were synthesized, and the incorporation of deuterium to the lipid core was defined by 2H NMR. The results revealed that lysine is degraded to crotonoyl-CoA by the decarboxylation of carboxylate in the metabolism of halophilic archaea, much like the metabolism of lysine in aerobic bacteria; the process converts lysine to isoprenoidal lipids via the mevalonate pathway through glutaryl-CoA, crotonoyl-CoA, and acetoacetyl-CoA.
Fundamentals of Texture Mapping and Image Warping (1989)

The applications of texture mapping in computer graphics and image distortion (warping) in image processing share a core of fundamental techniques. We explore two of these techniques, the two-dimensional geometric mappings that arise in the parameterization and projection of textures onto surfaces, and the filters necessary to eliminate aliasing when an image is resampled during texture mapping or warping. With respect to mappings, this work presents a tutorial on three common classes of mapping: the affine, bilinear, and projective. For resampling, this work develops a new theory describing the ideal, space variant intialiazing filter for signals warped and resampled according to an arbitrary mapping. Efficient implementations of the mapping and filtering techniques are discussed and demonstrated
A Reversible and Highly Selective Inhibitor of the Proteasomal Ubiquitin Receptor Rpn13 Is Toxic to Multiple Myeloma Cells (2015)

The proteasome is a multisubunit complex responsible for most nonlysosomal turnover of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Proteasome inhibitors are of great interest clinically, particularly for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Unfortunately, resistance arises almost inevitably to these active site-targeted drugs. One strategy to overcome this resistance is to inhibit other steps in the protein turnover cascade mediated by the proteasome. Previously, Anchoori et al. identified Rpn13 as the target of an electrophilic compound (RA-190) that was selectively toxic to MM cells (Cancer Cell 2013, 24, 791-805), suggesting that this subunit of the proteasome is also a viable cancer drug target. Here we describe the discovery of the first highly selective, reversible Rpn13 ligands and show that they are also selectively toxic to MM cells. These data strongly support the hypothesis that Rpn13 is a viable target for the development of drugs to treat MM and other cancers.
REAL-TIME MAGNETIC RESONANCE-GUIDED LASER THERMAL THERAPY FOR FOCAL METASTATIC BRAIN TUMORS (2008)

OBJECTIVE We report the initial results of a pilot clinical trial exploring the safety and feasibility of the first real-time magnetic resonance-guided laser-induced thermal therapy of treatment-resistant focal metastatic intracranial tumors. METHODS Patients with resistant metastatic intracranial tumors who had previously undergone chemotherapy, whole-brain radiation therapy, and radiosurgery and who were recused from surgery were eligible for this trial. Under local anesthesia, a Leksell stereotactic head frame was used to insert a water-cooled interstitial fiberoptic laser applicator inside the cranium. In the bore of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, laser energy was delivered to heat the tumor while continuous MRI was performed. A computer workstation extracted temperature-sensitive information to display images of laser heating and computed estimates of the thermal damage zone. Posttreatment MRI scans were used to confirm the zone of thermal necrosis, and follow-up was performed at 7, 15, 30, and 90 days after treatment. RESULTS In all cases, the procedure was well tolerated without secondary effect, and patients were discharged to home within 14 hours after the procedure. Follow-up imaging showed an acute increase in apparent lesion volume followed by a gradual and steady decrease. No tumor recurrence within thermal ablation zones was noted. CONCLUSION In this ongoing trial, a total of four patients have had six metastatic tumors treated with laser thermal ablations. Magnetic resonance-guided laser-induced thermal therapy appears to provide a new, efficient treatment for recurrent focal metastatic brain disease. This therapy is a prelude to the future development of closed-head interventional MRI techniques in neurosurgery.
A New Approach Factor- Entropy Analysis Method Application to BusinessCosts in SMEs of Shanghai Model (2015)

The purpose of this paper is effectively resolving the issue of simplification and assignment evaluation index system on business costs of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Shanghai. We try to use factor analysis to interpret the data on indicators and considering objective empowerment with entropy method. We show that combination factor analysis and entropy method to evaluate business cost for SMEs has advantages. We make an empirical analysis using of a sample of 36 SMEs in shanghai. Finally, we show that Factor-Entropy analysis method is an objective evaluation method, which indicators can reflect and explain scientific phenomena. We find that proposals to help developing of SMEs and manage business costs.
Chapter 4: Simulated Distillation Measurement (2008)

DISTILLATION IS THE MOST WIDELY USED SEPARAtion process in the petroleum industry. Knowledge of the boiling range of crude oils, refined fractions, and finished products has been an essential part of quality determination since the beginning of the refining industry. Routine laboratory scale physical distillation tests have been extensively used for determining the boiling ranges of crude feedstocks, distillation fractions, and a complete slate of refinery products (ASTM methods D86, D1160, D2892, and D5236) [1–4]. An alternative to physical distillation or true boiling point distillation is simulated distillation by gas chromatography. Eggerston et al. first described simulated distillation in 1960 [5]. Simulated distillation (SD) is equivalent to a 100 theoretical-plate physical distillation, is very rapid, reproducible, and easily automated, requires only a small microlitre sample volume, and can better define initial and final boiling points. Boiling range distribution data are used to evaluate new crude oils, to confirm crude quality, to monitor crude quality during transportation, and to provide information for the optimization of refinery processes. The ability to quickly and reliably evaluate crude oils and fractions has important economic implications. The full development of simulated distillation methods as routine procedures has had a significant impact on the ability to determine boiling point information for crude oils and petroleum products.
Management of Malignant Gliomas (1991)

Summary: There is a need to improve current methods of treatment and at the same time to develop innovative approaches to the management of malignant gliomas. In pathological specimens from malignant glioblastomas, the cells are highly pleomorphic with invasive characteristics. It is important to analyze the standard therapeutic approaches to the treatment of such tumors. At present these approaches are either surgery or radiation therapy. Surgical management includes open resection, which is the preferred treatment when it is possible. Biopsy or stereotaxic surgery are reasonable alternatives when more extensive surgery is not feasible. Radiation, primarily external beam radiation, is also standard. In some cases interstitial therapy is carried out; we will discuss it in detail. In this article, we also address more innovative areas, which include the development of new methods for the delivery of chemotherapy, such as the intracarotid route. Here we give an overview of the general principles and methods of treatment, followed by a more detailed commentary on how these principles are applied to the management of the most common malignant gliomas—the astrocytomas, ependymomas, and medulloblastomas.
Lipopolysaccharides from Campylobacter jejuni O:41 Strains Associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome Exhibit Mimicry of GM 1 Ganglioside (1998)

Three Campylobacter jejuni, biotype 2, serotype O:41 strains that were isolated from patients who developed Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and one C. jejuni isolate from a patient who developed enteritis only were examined. The aim of the study was to determine the structure of the core oligosaccharide (OS) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of C. jejuni serotype O:41, a serotype rarely associated with the development of GBS, and to determine if the LPS shares similar epitopes with any of the major human gangliosides. Electrophoretic analysis with silver staining or immunoblotting demonstrated that the strains had LPS profiles characteristic of low-molecular-weight LPS. Colorimetric analysis detected N-acetylneuraminic (sialic) acid in the core OSs of all the strains. Thin-layer chromatography with immunostaining showed that antisera raised against the GBS strains reacted with the GM1 ganglioside, suggesting that C. jejuni serotype O:41 LPSs and the GM1 ganglioside have similar epitopes. Furthermore, polyclonal anti-GM1 and anti-asialoGM1 antibodies cross-reacted with each C. jejuni O:41 LPS tested, suggesting that the serotype O:41 core OS has a GM1- and asialoGM1-like structure. LPSs extracted from C. jejuni serostrains O:2, O:3, and O:19 were also used in the study. Cholera toxin (a GM1 ligand) and peanut agglutinin (a Galbeta1-3GalNAc ligand) recognized all serotype O:41 LPSs and the serostrain O:2 LPS. Immunoadsorption results confirmed GM1 relatedness. Moreover, the core OS was isolated from a GBS-associated C. jejuni O:41 LPS by gel permeation chromatography. An analysis by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), GLC-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance showed the core OS of one of the C. jejuni O:41 GBS isolates to have a tetrasaccharide structure consistent with GM1 mimicry.
Direct Stereospecific Amination of Alkyl and Aryl Pinacol Boronates (2012)

The direct amination of alkyl and aryl pinacol boronates is accomplished with lithiated methoxyamine. This reaction directly provides aliphatic and aromatic amines, stereospecifically, and without preactivation of the boronate substrate.