gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MM-Wave Integration and Combinations (2012)

This article summarizes the status of millimeterwave CMOS PAs and presents various circuit design techniques. The article shows that millimeter wave CMOS PAs are still a bottleneck for millimeter wave system integration and more circuit design effort has to be devoted for millimeter wave PAs implementation along with the development of the nanometer CMOS technologies. The article also shows that fully integrated millimeter wave CMOS PAs using combining structures will be very important for next-generation millimeter-wave high-speed wireless communication systems.
Optimal Dietary Ratio of Spray Dried Plasma Protein (SDPP) and Dried Porcine Solubles (DPS) in Improving Growth Performance and Immune Status in Pigs Weaned at 21 Days of Age (2001)

【An experiment was conducted to determine the optimal inclusion ratio of spray dried plasma protein (SDPP) and dried porcine solubles (DPS) for maximizing growth and improving immunity in weaned pigs. One hundred-fifty male (barrow) pigs were allotted in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were as follows: 1) control (6% SDPP), 2) S6D6 (6% SDPP+6% DPS), 3) S6D3 (6% SDPP+3% DPS), 4) S3D6 (3% SDPP+6% DPS) and 5) S3D3 (3% SDPP+3% DPS). Each treatment has 6 replicates with 5 pigs per replicate. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were highest, but not significantly different when pigs were fed a diet contained 6% SDPP and DPS from d 0 to 7 after weaning. Pigs fed the S6D3 diet showed better weight gain and feed intake than other treatments, especially compared with pigs fed S3D6 diet (p】
An inhibitory monoclonal antibody against human tissue factor (1987)

We obtained a hybridoma using immune spleen cells from a mouse injected with human brain tissue factor that had been purified on a factor VII-agarose affinity column. This monoclonal IgG1, HTF1-7B8, inhibits tissue factor procoagulant activity. The concentration of HTF1-7B8 producing half-maximal inhibition is influenced by the concentration of factor VIIa, suggesting that the antibody and enzyme compete for the cofactor. The antibody was successfully used to detect both human and bovine tissue factor on nitrocellulose dot blots, indicating that the epitope recognized by this antibody is conserved in both species. This antibody clearly reveals tissue factor on a Western blot. An HTF1-7B8 affinity column was used to purify tissue factor from both human brain and placenta. The electrophoretic mobilities in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the amino acid compositions of the purified tissue factor from brain and placenta are indistinguishable, as are their specific procoagulant activities in reconstituted systems. This antibody will be useful for immunopurification and characterization of tissue factor structure and mechanism.
Synthesis of quinazoline nucleosides from ribose and anthranilonitrile. Application of phase-transfer catalysis in nucleoside synthesis (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of quinazoline nucleosides from ribose and anthranilonitrile. Application of phase-transfer catalysis in nucleoside synthesisJ. P. Ferris, S. Singh, and T. A. NewtonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 2, 173–178Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01316a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01316a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pilot Study of Zonisamide (1,2‐Benzisoxazole‐3‐methanesulfonamide) in Patients with Refractory Partial Seizures (1985)

A new anticonvulsant compound, zonisamide (1,2 benzisoxazole-methanesulfonamide), was studied in 10 adults with medically refractory partial seizures. Following a single oral dose of 400 mg, peak plasma levels occurred an average of 2.8 h after dosing, and the mean clearance from plasma was 2.34 L/h. Whole blood concentrations were higher than plasma concentrations because of red blood cell binding. Steady-state plasma concentrations were higher than predicted from a linear kinetic model. In most patients, seizure frequency was reduced after zonisamide was substituted for a standard antiepileptic drug. Dose-related reversible side effects in the central nervous and gastrointestinal systems were observed. Most patients tolerated doses between 5.2 and 12.5 mg/kg/day.
Tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. An absolute requirement for cytokine-induced nitric oxide generation by vascular smooth muscle. (1992)

Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is induced in vascular smooth muscle cells by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) where it appears to mediate a variety of vascular dysfunctions. In some cell types tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis has also been found to be induced by cytokines. Because BH4 is a cofactor for NO synthase, we investigated whether BH4 synthesis is required for LPS-induced NO production in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). The total biopterin content (BH4 and more oxidized states) of untreated RASMC was below our limit of detection. However, treatment with LPS caused a significant rise in biopterin levels and an induction of NO synthesis; both effects of LPS were markedly potentiated by interferon-gamma. 2,4-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (DAHP), a selective inhibitor of GTP cyclohydrolase I, the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo BH4 synthesis, completely abolished the elevated biopterin levels induced by LPS. DAHP also caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of LPS-induced NO synthesis. Inhibition of NO synthesis by DAHP was reversed by sepiapterin, an agent which circumvents the inhibition of biopterin synthesis by DAHP by serving as a substrate for BH4 synthesis via the pterin salvage pathway. The reversal by sepiapterin was overcome by methotrexate, an inhibitor of the pterin salvage pathway. Sepiapterin, and to a lesser extent BH4, dose-dependently enhanced LPS-induced NO synthesis, indicating that BH4 concentration limits the rate of NO production by LPS-activated RASMC. Sepiapterin also caused LPS-induced NO synthesis to appear with an abbreviated lag period phase, suggesting that BH4 availability also limits the onset of NO synthesis. In contrast to the stimulation of LPS-induced NO synthesis, observed when sepiapterin was given alone, sepiapterin became a potent inhibitor of NO synthesis in the presence of methotrexate. This is attributable to a direct inhibitory action of sepiapterin on GTP cyclohydrolase I, an activity which is only revealed after blocking the metabolism of sepiapterin to BH4. Further studies with sepiapterin, methotrexate, and N-acetylserotonin (an inhibitor of the BH4 synthetic enzyme, sepiapterin reductase) indicated that the BH4 is synthesized in RASMC predominantly from GTP; however, a lesser amount may derive from pterin salvage. We demonstrate that BH4 synthesis is an absolute requirement for induction of NO synthesis by LPS in vascular smooth muscle. Our findings also suggest that pterin synthesis inhibitors may be useful for the therapy of endotoxin- and cytokine-induced shock.
Calcium regulation of endothelin-1 synthesis in rat inner medullary collecting duct (2007)

Collecting duct-derived endothelin-1 (ET-1) reduces blood pressure and inhibits Na and water reabsorption. Collecting duct ET-1 production is increased by volume expansion; however, the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. We hypothesized that intracellular calcium, which is likely to be increased by volume expansion, regulates collecting duct ET-1 synthesis. Rat inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD) were studied in primary culture. ET-1 release was decreased by 50-70% after chelation of intracellular calcium (BAPTA) or inhibition of CaM (W7) or CaMK (KN-93). These agents reduced ET-1 mRNA to a similar degree. CaM inhibition did not affect ET-1 mRNA stability. Transfection of IMCD with rat ET-1 promoter-luciferase constructs revealed maximal activity within 1.7 kb 5' to the transcription start site; 5, 20, 35, and 90% of this activity were in the 0.08-, 0.37-, 1.0-, and 3.0-kb promoter regions, respectively. W7 markedly inhibited activity of the 3.0-kb but not 0.37- or 1.0-kb promoter regions. In contrast, W7 did not affect ET-1 release by rat aortic endothelial cells. Furthermore, transfected endothelial cells had maximal activity in the 0.37-kb region (as compared with the 1.7- and 3.0-kb regions), whereas W-7 had no effect on the activity of any of these promoter regions. In summary, IMCD ET-1 synthesis is regulated by calcium/CaM/CaMK-dependent pathways. The calcium/CaM-sensitive pathway is active in IMCD, but not endothelial cells. This suggests that IMCD-specific enhancer elements exist within the ET-1 promoter that confer unique calcium responsiveness.
Development and Optimization of an Integrated Faraday Modulator and Compensator Design for Continuous Polarimetric Glucose Monitoring (2013)

Development and optimization of an integrated Faraday modulator and compensator design for continuous polarimetric glucose monitoring
New method of producing TiB2based composite (2003)

AbstractAbstractAn in situ method of producing dense TiB2 based composites is introduced. The composite was synthesised by silicothermic reaction in a reducing N2-CO atmosphere. Thermodynamic calculations have allowed the mechanism of the silicothermic reduction reaction to be deduced. Phase analysis by X-ray diffraction and microstructural examinations by SEM and EPMA were conducted.
Deciphering the complexities of the wheat flour proteome using quantitative two-dimensional electrophoresis, three proteases and tandem mass spectrometry (2011)

This is the first successful effort to identify the majority of abundant flour proteins for a single wheat cultivar, relate them to individual gene sequences and estimate their relative levels. Many genes for wheat flour proteins are not expressed, so this study represents further progress in describing the expressed wheat genome. Use of cultivar-specific contigs helped to overcome the difficulties of matching peptides to gene sequences for members of highly similar, rapidly evolving storage protein families. Prospects for simplifying this process for routine analyses are discussed. The ability to measure expression levels for individual flour protein genes complements information gained from efforts to sequence the wheat genome and is essential for studies of effects of environment on gene expression.
Newly recognized causes of atherosclerosis: the role of microorganisms and of vascular iron overload. (1994)

We have hypothesized that shear stresses at sites of increased vascular turbulence may foster atherogenesis by two previously unknown mechanisms: The first involves Herpes virus activation, which can provoke direct or inflammatory cell-mediated endothelial damage while altering the vascular surface to a highly procoagulant entity. The second derives from red blood cell fragmentation, with resulting uptake by endothelium of released heme groups. In this instance the opening of the heme ring by induced endothelial heme oxygenase frees iron, which sensitizes cells to damage by oxidants--for instance, those generated by closely apposed inflammatory cells. An additional injurious effect of released heme results from its potent catalysis of LDL oxidation--a process specifically and rapidly inhibited by oral supplementation of vitamin E. Although heme-protein's deleterious actions can be counteracted by the plasma constituents haptoglobin and hemopexin, we suggest that these may not be sufficiently present in "sanctuary" sites of vessel walls such as in intramural hemorrhages associated with atherosclerotic intimal tears.
Rate of HIV-1 RNA rebound upon stopping antiretroviral therapy (1999)

HIV RNA in plasma rebounds within days of stopping antiretroviral therapy. A considerable burden of total body plasma HIV RNA likely remains even during effective HAART therapy.
268. The action of acyl cyanides on 2- and 1 : 2-substituted indoles. Part II. Derivatives of 2-o-aminophenylindole (1956)

A. K. Kiang, F. G. Mann, A. F. Prior and A. Topham, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 1319 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560001319
Lentiviral vectors: progress and potential. (2000)

Lentiviral vectors are continuing to generate great interest as gene vectors for possible gene therapy in vivo. Over the past year, considerable progress has been made in demonstrating gene delivery to a wide variety of tissues, taking advantage of their unique capability of integrating the desired gene into the chromosomes of the target cell. The basic science of lentivirus vector production has expanded and their relative ease of utility is reflected by the broadening range of laboratories reporting successful gene transfer using them. Important new findings on RNA processing within the cell have come from studies of vectors which have direct relevance to the molecular biology of HIV itself. Although none have been used in clinical trials in vivo, it can only be a matter of time before this occurs. This article reviews publications over the last 12 months, highlighting the major achievements in this field.
Intrahepatic CD8+ T-Cell Failure During Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection * (2005)

The precise mechanisms responsible for the failure of intrahepatic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ T cells to control the virus during persistent infection have not been fully defined. We therefore studied the CD8+ T-cell response in 27 HLA-A2-positive patients using four previously well-defined HLA-A2-restricted HCV epitopes. The corresponding HCV sequences were determined in several patients and compared with the intrahepatic HCV-specific CD8+ T-cell response. The results of the study indicate: (1) intrahepatic HCV-specific CD8+ T cells are present in the majority of patients with chronic HCV infection and overlap significantly with the response present in the peripheral blood. (2) A large fraction of intrahepatic HCV-specific CD8+ T cells are impaired in their ability to secrete interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). This dysfunction is specific for HCV-specific CD8+ T cells, since intrahepatic Flu-specific CD8+ T cells readily secrete this cytokine. (3) T-cell selection of epitope variants may have occurred in some patients. However, it is not an inevitable consequence of a functional virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response, since several patients with IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T-cell responses harbored HCV sequences identical or cross-reactive with the prototype sequence. (4) The failure of intrahepatic virus-specific CD8+ T cells to sufficiently control the virus occurs despite the presence of virus-specific CD4+ T cells at the site of disease. In conclusion, different mechanisms contribute to the failure of intrahepatic CD8+ T cells to eliminate HCV infection, despite their persistence and accumulation in the liver.
Action of caerulein on gastric emptying of the conscious rat. (1980)

Caerulein was shown to delay gastric emptying in conscious rats in a dose-dependent fashion. The threshold dose was about 0.05 mug/kg by the intraperitoneal route. Maximum effect was obtained with 5 mug/kg. Neutralization of acidity or reduction of gastric juice by mean of NaHCO3 or cimetidine, respectively, did not modify the effect of the peptide. Chlorpheniramine was similarly ineffective. The effect of caerulein on gastric emptying was most probably connected with a strong contraction of the gastroduodenal junction previously observed in different experimental conditions and was not affected by H1- or H2-histamine antagonists. The C-terminal heptapeptide of cholecystokinin behaved quite similarly to caerulein. The present study emphasizes the close parallelism between results obtained in the in situ stomach preparation of anaesthetized rats and gastric emptying in conscious animals.
22 nm technology compatible fully functional 0.1 &#x03BC;m<sup>2</sup> 6T-SRAM cell (2008)

We demonstrate 22 nm node technology compatible, fully functional 0.1 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 6T-SRAM cell using high-NA immersion lithography and state-of-the-art 300 mm tooling. The cell exhibits a static noise margin (SNM) of 220 mV at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> =0.9 V. We also present a 0.09 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cell with SNM of 160 mV at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> =0.9 V demonstrating the scalability of the design with the same layout. This is the world's smallest 6T-SRAM cell. Key enablers include band edge high-kappa metal gate stacks, transistors with 25 nm gate lengths, thin spacers, novel co-implants, advanced activation techniques, extremely thin silicide, and damascene copper contacts.
Amino acid composition of proteins reduces deleterious impact of mutations (2013)

The evolutionary origin of amino acid occurrence frequencies in proteins (composition) is not yet fully understood. We suggest that protein composition works alongside the genetic code to minimize impact of mutations on protein structure. First, we propose a novel method for estimating thermodynamic stability of proteins whose sequence is constrained to a fixed composition. Second, we quantify the average deleterious impact of substituting one amino acid with another. Natural proteome compositions are special in at least two ways: 1) Natural compositions do not generate more stable proteins than the average random composition, however, they result in proteins that are less susceptible to damage from mutations. 2) Natural proteome compositions that result in more stable proteins (i.e. those of thermophiles) are also tuned to have a higher tolerance for mutations. This is consistent with the observation that environmental factors selecting for more stable proteins also enhance the deleterious impact of mutations.
Theoretical calculations of the Fermi level and of other parameters in phosphorus doped silicon at diffusion temperatures (1974)

Taking into account the heavy doping effects (i.e., band tailing and impurity band formation) and high temperature effects, the Fermi level in lightly and heavily compensated phosphorus doped silicon, at normal diffusion temperatures is calculated numerically from the charge neutrality condition. The effective intrinsic carrier concentration is a function of the doping level and of the degree of compensation. Above discussed impurity concentration dependent results are used to calculate the impurity activity coefficient, the vacancy activity coefficient, and the concentration of the total number of vacancies as a function of doping and temperature.
A Practical Approach Toward Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation for Band-Limited Nonlinear Channels (1983)

A receiver structure, called a "pseudo maximum likelihood sequence estimation" (pseudo MLSE), which approximates MLSE with a simple hardware configuration, was derived. By introducting a tentatively estimated sequence, the pseudo MLSE detects the received sequence symbol by symbol, retaining the MLSE optimum decision property. The number of arithmetic operations required in one symbol duration is reduced from <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M^{L + 1}</tex> to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(L + 1)M</tex> in an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> -ary signaling case with channel memory length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</tex> . An adaptation algorithm for the variation in the channel characteristics was also developed. Pseudo MLSE application to quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) for a band-limited nonlinear channel is described. The most practical application of pseudo MSLE, named the "adaptive threshold detector with estimated sequence" (ATDES), detects symbols with threshold detection and is suitable for high bit rate operation. For both the pseudo MLSE processor and ATDES, most of the hardware is occupied by a replica memory stored in the receiver. Performance in a typical nonlinear satellite channel model is evaluated by computer simulation. Simulation results show a 0.8 dB improvement by ATDES with 64 replica memories and 1.3 dB improvement by the pseudo MLSE processor with 3072 replica memories. The tentative estimation error effect is estimated to be less than 0.1 dB in the simulated satellite channel.
CGI Programming on the World Wide Web (1996)

A comprehensive explanation of CGI and related techniques for people who hold on to the dream of providing their own information servers on the Web. The author starts at the beginning, explaining the value of CGI and how it works, then moves swiftly into the subtle details of programming. The book offers a comprehensive look at the job of providing information dynamically on the Web. Includes CD-ROM with sample programs and NCSA server.
Radiotherapy plus Concomitant and Adjuvant Temozolomide for Glioblastoma (2005)

The addition of temozolomide to radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma resulted in a clinically meaningful and statistically significant survival benefit with minimal additional toxicity.
Proinflammatory cytokines expression in noise-induced damaged cochlea (2006)

Recent studies have showed that inflammatory responses occur in inner ear under various damaging conditions including noise-overstimulation. We evaluated the time-dependent expression of proinflammatory cytokines in noise-exposed rat cochlea. Among several detected cytokines, real-time RT-PCR showed that interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly induced 3 hr after noise exposure, and quickly downregulated to the basal level. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was also slightly upregulated immediately after noise exposure. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that IL-6 expression was distinctively induced within the lateral side of the spiral ligament. Sequential expression analysis showed that IL-6 immunoreactivity was initially found in the cytoplasm of lateral wall cells, including Type IV and III fibrocytes, and expanded broader throughout the lateral wall, finally to the stria vascularis. Because of the negative Iba-1 staining, IL-6 expression in the early-phase was not due to macrophage or microglia activation. IL-6 was also detected in spiral ganglion neurons at 12 and 24 hr after noise exposure. Our data demonstrates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, in early phase of noise overstimulated cochlea. IL-6 expression was observed in the spiral ligament, stria vascularis, and spiral ganglion neurons. These cytokines, produced by the cochlear structure itself in response to noise exposure, may initiate an inflammatory response and have some role in the mechanism of noise-induced cochlear damage.