gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The earliest stages of folliculogenesis in vitro (2002)

In recent years several follicle culture systems have been pioneered in different mammalian species for studying ovarian folliculogenesis and culturing immature oocytes. Applications of these in vitro techniques include fertility preservation for humans, conservation of rare animals and development of oocyte banks for research purposes. Immature female gametes in the ovarian cortex can be cryopreserved for later use if culture techniques are available afterwards to promote growth and maturation. This review focuses on biochemical and biophysical factors related to oocyte culture in mice, the only animal in which live offspring have been produced after folliculogenesis in vitro. The advantage of using mice for these studies is that, in parallel to development of follicle culture systems, essential knowledge on folliculogenesis can be obtained from knockout mouse models. Recent experiments in mice stressed the principal role of the oocyte in follicle development and the strict timing of the biological processes underlying oogenesis in vitro. In large domestic animals and humans, study of oocyte culture is confounded by the constitutively prolonged nature of ovarian follicle development. In humans, only some aspects of follicle development have been studied because of the limited availability of suitable material for experimentation, technical difficulties related to manipulation of very small structures and lack of knowledge on physiological regulation of the early stages of follicle growth. Only a few reports describe ovarian follicular growth in vitro. In this review, relevant information on hormonal and growth factor regulation of the earliest stages of follicle growth in mammals is reviewed. Techniques are becoming available for the precise isolation of distinct classes of follicle and powerful molecular biology techniques can be used in studies of ovarian tissue culture.
Expression of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 in Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines. (1997)

To investigate neuron-specific antigens, hybridoma cells were produced between mouse spleen cells immunized with human neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32) and mouse myeloma cells. 247 hybridoma clones were harvested and one of them was further cultured for recloning. Eventually, one hybridoma clone was obtained and its antibody was designated N-A8. The characteristics of this antibody were determined by immunostaining and flow cytometry. First, the antibody recognized the surface antigens of IMR-32 cells. Second, unexpectedly, N-A8 was reactive not only with human neuroblastoma cell lines but also with human lung cancer cell lines. As analyzed by immunoprecipitation method and SDS-PAGE, the molecular size of the antigen recognized by N-A8 was 210 kDa. The antigen was then purified by affinity chromatography and identified as neural adhesion molecule L1 by amino acid sequence analysis. By the present investigation, it was clearly demonstrated that L1 is expressed in human lung cancer cells.
Human aortic fibrolipid lesions. Progenitor lesions for fibrous plaques, exhibiting early formation of the cholesterol-rich core. (1985)

The early development of the lipid-rich core and other features of atherosclerotic fibrous plaques has been elucidated by examining discrete, small regions of raised intima in human aorta, which often bear a resemblance to both fatty streaks and fibrous plaques. Approximately one-fourth of small raised lesions (less than 16 sq mm of surface area) contained little or no stainable lipid, while three-fourths had a characteristic appearance, which included a superficial layer of foam cells, a core of noncrystalline and/or crystalline lipid, and a developed or developing collagenous cap. Total intimal volumes of the lipid-containing lesions, termed "fibrolipid lesions," ranged from 3 to 43 microliters, with the majority less than 16 microliters. Core lipid in the smallest lesions was located in the musculoelastic layer of the intima. In larger lesions the core extended luminally into the elastic hyperplastic layer, and cholesterol crystals were found more frequently. Total cholesterol concentration in fibrolipid lesions was similar to that in fatty streaks; however, the ratio of unesterified to total cholesterol was relatively high, similar to that found in fibrous plaques. It is concluded that 1) the formation of a lipid-rich core and cholesterol crystallization are early events in the development of many raised lesions; 2) the consistent association between the superficial layer of foam cells and the deep-lying lipid-rich core raises the possibility of an influence, possibly indirect, of foam-cell lipid metabolism on core formation; and 3) the fibrolipid lesion may represent one stage in a potential transitional morphologic sequence between fatty streak and fibrous plaque.
On-Line Characterization of Bulk Permeability and Race-Tracking During the Filling Stage in Resin Transfer Molding Process (2003)

Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) is widely used to manufacture polymer composite materials. In this process, the fiber preform is placed in a closed mold and thermoset resin is injected to saturate the preform. After the resin cures the mold is opened and the net shape composite part is obtained. With RTM, one is capable of making complex and high quality composite parts with short cycle times. However, by introducing more complexity into the part, one also introduces higher probability of disturbances, such as race-tracking of resin during impregnation along preform edges. This can lead to incomplete saturation of fiber preform forming flaws such as dry spots in the composite part. The strength and existence of race-tracking is a function of the fabric type, perform manufacturing method, and their placement in the mold. It can vary from one part to the next in the same production run and usually it is not repeatable. The characterization of race-tracking and preform permeability is a key input for simulation tools that optimize the gates and vents locations and for designing advanced sensing and flow control strategies. This paper describes a method to estimate the strength and location of race-tracking and characterize the preform bulk permeability during the resin impregnation stage of RTM. The approach can be described in two steps. The first step generates simulations off line that map the overall range of potential disturbances likely to occur during the injection. The second step uses sensors placed in the mold, which allow one to identify the simulation within the database that resembles the experiment in terms of the filling behavior during the filling stage on the manufacturing platform. In the final step, this information is used to estimate race-tracking strength and location as well as the bulk permeability. Both experimental and numerical case studies show the reliability and accuracy of this method. It could be utilized for a broad range of applications such as active flow control, vent location optimization, and process monitoring of mold filling processes.
Identification of a Novel Series of Orexin Receptor Antagonists with a Distinct Effect on Sleep Architecture for the Treatment of Insomnia (2013)

Dual orexin receptor (OXR) antagonists (DORAs) such as almorexant, 1 (SB-649868), or suvorexant have shown promise for the treatment of insomnias and sleep disorders in several recent clinical trials in volunteers and primary insomnia patients. The relative contribution of antagonism of OX1R and OX2R for sleep induction is still a matter of debate. We therefore initiated a drug discovery project with the aim of creating both OX2R selective antagonists and DORAs. Here we report that the OX2R selective antagonist 26 induced sleep in mice primarily by increasing NREM sleep, whereas the DORA suvorexant induced sleep largely by increasing REM sleep. Thus, OX2R selective antagonists may also be beneficial for the treatment of insomnia.
The Effect of Omeprazole / Sodium Bicarbonate Solution Administration on the Accuracy of Subsequent pH Measurements Through the Nasogastric Tube. (1995)

Whipple, Julianne; Phillips, Jeffrey; Quebbeman, Edward; Wallace, James; Metzler, Michael Author Information
A bifunctional control element in the human IgE germline promoter involved in repression and IL-4 activation (1994)

One of the first steps during Ig heavy chain isotype switching to IgE is the IL-4 induced synthesis of IgE germline transcripts. To further characterize the molecular mechanism of the IL-4 action, the regulatory DNA elements involved in the control of expression of these transcripts were analyzed. Transient transfection of a B cell tumor line revealed the presence of a 15 bp IL-4 responsive cis-acting element (IL-4RE) highly homologous to an IL-4 response element in the human CD23b promoter. An IL-4 induced DNA binding protein specifically interacted with this sequence. Point mutations within that sequence not only abolished IL-4 inducibility of reporter constructs but also prevented binding of the nuclear factor to the mutated sequence. A stretch of 16 nucleotides just upstream of the IL-4RE contributed to IL-4 inducibility and formed nucleoprotein complexes with constitutive factors. All reporter constructs containing the functional IL-4RE were transcriptionally very weak but could be readily activated upon IL-4 induction. Transfection of constructs containing the mutated IL-4RE or plasmids lacking that sequence displayed a high constitutive promoter activity and were IL-4 unresponsive. These data suggest that in the absence of the cytokine the activity of the IgE germline promoter is actively repressed through the action of the IL-4RE. The same sequence appears to be critically involved in the IL-4 induced activation of the promoter via the binding of a cytokine induced transcription factor.
Lentiviral Reporter Constructs for Fluorescence Tracking of the Temporospatial Pattern of Smad3 Signaling (2007)

Canonical TGF-beta is involved in cell differentiation, tissue maintenance, and wound healing, but also plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer Here we describe a lentivirus-based reporter vector system expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) or red fluorescent protein (RFP) under the control of a Smad3-responsive element (CAGA)12 that allows observation of the temporospatial pattern of endogeneous Smad3-mediated signaling on a cellular level. Use of this method will be valuable to identify cells with active Smad3 signaling and investigate the role of endogenous Smad3 signaling in complex systems such as co-cultures in vitro, or in tumors during tumor cell invasion and metastasis in vivo.
A CMOS power amplifier with a novel output structure (1992)

A two-stage op-amp with a novel output driver achieves 5.8-MHz GBW, 68 degrees phase margin, and delivers 2.6 V/sub pp/ with a THD of 0.14% and 3.2 V/sub pp/ with a THD of 0.38% into 100 Omega at 20 kHz for a +or-2.5-V supply. The output driver enables a very simple circuit measuring only 0.11 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Microglia and immune activation in Alzheimer's disease. (1993)

Although the brain has been traditionally viewed as immunologically privileged, it is now clear that the brain is surveyed by T lymphocytes, that resident brain microglia express immune-related antigens and can function as antigen-presenting cells, and that glial cells can synthesize and respond to cytokines, once viewed as immune system specific regulators. Alzheimer's disease is associated with increased expression of several immune-related markers in brain, including MHC class II antigens, complement factors and their receptors, and acute-phase proteins. Preliminary epidemiological evidence suggests that patients on long-term anti-inflammatory drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis have an unexpectedly low incidence of Alzheimer's disease.
Modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity and related responses by the 7-deazaguanine derivative, queuine. (1993)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces autophosphorylation of its cognate receptor at tyrosine residues. Here we show that queuine (q), a widely distributed modified guanine analogue occurring free or as a tRNA wobble base, modulates this EGF receptor activity in vitro and in intact cells. Autophosphorylation of the immunopurified receptor from human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells was enhanced three to fourfold in the presence of physiological concentrations of q. Using a membrane fraction of A431 cells, a twofold increase in autophosphorylation activity in the presence of q was observed, however, only when the receptor was activated by the ligand. In intact A431 cells, q enhanced the initial ligand-induced autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor three to fourfold. However, upon longer treatment of the cells with EGF in the presence of q, significantly less autophosphorylated receptor was detectable compared with stimulation of cells in the absence of q. A similar q-dependent modulation of EGF receptor autophosphorylation was observed also in human cervical carcinoma cells HeLa-S3. Treatment of q-deficient HeLa cells with EGF induced the c-fos gene expression, transiently increased the activity of the anoxic stress protein LDH k, and stimulated proliferation. Treatment of HeLa cells with EGF in the presence of q resulted in a delayed c-fos gene expression and an accelerated increase and decrease of LDH k activity. The stimulatory effect of low doses of EGF on HeLa cell proliferation was completely antagonized in the presence of q. The results suggest that the mitogenic signalling initiated by the EGF receptor is modulated by q.
Serum and insulin regulate cap function in 3T3-L1 cells. (1994)

Serum starvation and readdition of serum, insulin, or mitogens result in changes in phosphorylation of several eukaryotic initiation factors that correlate with a decrease or stimulation in translation, respectively. We have introduced in vitro synthesized reporter mRNAs into exponentially growing and serum-deprived 3T3-L1 cells to examine whether serum deprivation affects cap-dependent translation. In serum-fed control cells, addition of a cap to poly(A)- or poly(A)+ mRNA increased translational efficiency by 43- and 460-fold, respectively. In serum-deprived cells, the relative rate of translational efficiency of capped mRNA was reduced 2.6-fold relative from that observed in serum-fed cells with little change in the relative functional half-life. The effect of serum deprivation on translation was rapid and occurred within 90 min, and cap function was restored upon addition of serum or insulin to starved cells. Analysis of the dose dependence for reversal of the effects of serum starvation on cap-dependent translation indicated that 10 nM insulin was optimal. Little change in the function of the poly(A) tail was observed during serum starvation or hormone treatment. However, a decrease in the synergism between the cap and a poly(A) tail was observed upon starvation which was reversed by serum, and in part, by insulin.
Fault-Tolerant Error Correction with Efficient Quantum Codes (1996)

We exhibit a simple, systematic procedure for detecting and correcting errors using any of the recently reported quantum error-correcting codes. The procedure is shown explicitly for a code in which one qubit is mapped into five. The quantum networks obtained are fault tolerant, that is, they can function successfully even if errors occur during the error correction. Our construction is derived using a recently introduced group-theoretic framework for unifying all known quantum codes.
Estimating crowd sizes through social media (2016)

Social media is of great significance in modern society and the analysis of Twitter data has shown an increasing trend towards supporting different research efforts, from understanding society to marketing and analysis of organizations. The ubiquity of Twitter with over 2.9million Tweeters in Australia alone means that it can be used for many (potentially unforeseen) activities. In this paper we consider how it can be used for estimation of crowd sizes. This is useful for calculating public event attendance as well as for potential safety concerns. In order to establish the relationship between social media usage and crowd sizes we focus on a range of sporting events, where attendances are known. From this we create a prediction model that can be used to estimate unknown crowd sizes based on social media use alone. We show how it is possible to benchmark the accuracy of the crowd size estimation by introducing other information. Finally, we apply the prediction model to estimate the attendance at the Melbourne marathon event where unknown numbers of attendees were present.
Wettability control of a plastic surface by Cf4-O2plasma and its etching effect (1987)

Any desired surface wettability of a plastic surface can be produced by changing the concentration of the plasma gas, which here is a mixture of oxygen and a compound which includes fluorine. In the plasma treatment, the use of a third electrode consisting of a metal mesh for ion trapping can significantly decrease the etching effect. The plastic surface wettability, given by the contact angle of a water drop, does not have any direct relationship with the surface roughness due to etching in this experiment.
Neratinib, an Irreversible ErbB Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced ErbB2-Positive Breast Cancer (2010)

Oral neratinib showed substantial clinical activity and was reasonably well tolerated among both heavily pretreated and trastuzumab-naïve patients who had advanced, ErbB2-positive breast cancer. Diarrhea was the most common adverse effect but was manageable with antidiarrheal agents and dose modification.
Delayed treatment with cannabidiol has a cerebroprotective action via a cannabinoid receptor‐independent myeloperoxidase‐inhibiting mechanism (2007)

We examined the neuroprotective mechanism of cannabidiol, non-psychoactive component of marijuana, on the infarction in a 4 h mouse middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model in comparison with Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC). Release of glutamate in the cortex was measured at 2 h after MCA occlusion. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cerebral blood flow were measured at 1 h after reperfusion. In addition, infarct size and MPO were determined at 24 and 72 h after MCA occlusion. The neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol was not inhibited by either SR141716 or AM630. Both pre- and post-ischemic treatment with cannabidiol resulted in potent and long-lasting neuroprotection, whereas only pre-ischemic treatment with Delta(9)-THC reduced the infarction. Unlike Delta(9)-THC, cannabidiol did not affect the excess release of glutamate in the cortex after occlusion. Cannabidiol suppressed the decrease in cerebral blood flow by the failure of cerebral microcirculation after reperfusion and inhibited MPO activity in neutrophils. Furthermore, the number of MPO-immunopositive cells was reduced in the ipsilateral hemisphere in cannabidiol-treated group. Cannabidiol provides potent and long-lasting neuroprotection through an anti-inflammatory CB(1) receptor-independent mechanism, suggesting that cannabidiol will have a palliative action and open new therapeutic possibilities for treating cerebrovascular disorders.
Enhancement of Xenograft Tumor Radiosensitivity by the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor MS-275 and Correlation with Histone Hyperacetylation (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are undergoing clinical evaluation in cancer therapy. Because HDAC modulation has been shown to enhance the radiosensitivity of tumor cells in vitro, we investigated the effects of the HDAC inhibitor MS-275 on the radioresponse of DU145 prostate carcinoma xenografts. Experimental Design: As an indicator of HDAC inhibition in vivo, the histone acetylation status in tumor lysates was determined after two, four, and six injections of MS-275 delivered at 12-hour intervals, as well as 24 and 48 hours after the last injection. Tumor growth delay studies were then performed using this DU-145 xenograft model with radiation administered to leg tumors after the fourth dose of MS-275, which corresponded to the time of maximum histone hyperacetylation. Results: An increase in histone hyperacetylation was detected in each tumor after two injections of MS-275 with a maximum hyperacetylation occurring after four to six injections. In tumor growth delay studies, the combination of MS-275 and radiation resulted in a greater than additive inhibition of tumor growth as compared with the individual modalities. As alternative sources for an indicator of drug radiosensitizing activity, histone hyperacetylation was determined in a series of normal tissues, including lymphocytes. Each of the normal tissues also had a maximal histone hyperacetylation after four to six injections of MS-275. Conclusions: These studies show that MS-275 enhances the radiosensitivity of DU145 xenografts and suggest that histone hyperacetylation status can serve as a useful marker for drug radiosensitizing activity.
The phosphorylation state of eucaryotic initiation factor 2 alters translational efficiency of specific mRNAs. (1989)

Phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the eucaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF-2 alpha) by the double-stranded RNA-activated inhibitor (DAI) kinase correlates with inhibition of translation initiation. The importance of eIF-2 alpha phosphorylation in regulating translation was studied by expression of specific mutants of eIF-2 alpha in COS-1 cells. DNA transfection of certain plasmids could activate DAI kinase and result in poor translation of plasmid-derived mRNAs. In these cases, translation of the plasmid-derived mRNAs was improved by the presence of DAI kinase inhibitors or by the presence of a nonphosphorylatable mutant (serine to alanine) of eIF-2 alpha. The improved translation mediated by expression of the nonphosphorylatable eIF-2 alpha mutant was specific to plasmid-derived mRNA and did not affect global mRNA translation. Expression of a serine-to-aspartic acid mutant eIF-2 alpha, created to mimic the phosphorylated serine, inhibited translation of the mRNAs derived from the transfected plasmid. These results substantiate the hypothesis that DAI kinase activation reduces translation initiation through phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha and reinforce the importance of phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha as a way to control initiation of translation in intact cells.
2,2′-Bipyrrolidine versus 1,2-Diaminocyclohexane as Chiral Cores for Helically Wrapping Diamine−Diolate Ligands (2009)

The synthesis of chiral tetradentate dianionic diamine-diolate ligands assembled around either N,N'-dimethyl-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane or 2,2'-bipyrrolidine is described. These ligands wrap in a fac-fac helical mode around octahedral titanium and zirconium centers giving chiral-at-metal complexes. Diaminocyclohexane was found to be a poor chiral motif for diastereoselective helical wrapping, and all complexes of this family were obtained as mixtures of stereoisomers. In contrast, bipyrrolidine was found to be a perfect chiral motif for helical wrapping, and the corresponding diamine-diolate complexes were obtained as (enantiomerically pure) single diastereomers.
Unusual floating body effect in fully depleted MOSFETs (2005)

The transconductance of fully depleted SOI MOSFETs may feature a sudden drop to zero. This surprising behavior, observed for low as well as high drain voltage, exhibits hysteresis, time dependence, and other intriguing properties. The experimental conditions are systematically investigated and a preliminary model is proposed. The new effect is a combination of several mechanisms: floating body, back-gate biasing, transient drain and gate currents, and poly-depletion.