gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aluminum based sulfide solid lithium ionic conductors for all solid state batteries (2014)

The present work focuses on the synthesis of lithium ionic conductors based on a Li2S-Al2S3-GeS-P2S5 system due to the high ionic conductivity exhibited by the constituents of this system. Mechanical milling for a short duration and a single step heat treatment at a moderate temperature of 550 °C resulted in crystalline powders with high lithium ionic conductivity at room temperature that are comparable to the organic liquid electrolytes. The effect of various aluminum to germanium ratios was studied. Among the samples containing Al : Ge, the ratio of 30 : 70 was found to show high ionic conductivities of 1.7 × 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 25 °C and ∼ 6 × 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 100 °C equivalent. The activation energy of this material was significantly less (Ea = 17 kJ mol(-1)), which can be considered to be the best value among solid electrolytes. The electrochemical stability was analyzed using cyclic voltammetry between -0.3 and 5.0 V and it was found that the voltammetric profile was smooth without any additional current response, due to electrolyte decomposition, or any other side reaction, except a pair of lithium deposition and stripping peaks.
Comparison of Three Enoate Reductases and their Potential Use for Biotransformations (2007)

Abstract Enoate reductases (ERs) selectively reduce carbon‐carbon double bonds in α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds and thus can be employed to prepare enantiomerically pure aldehydes, ketones, and esters. Most known ERs, most notably Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE), are biochemically very well characterized. Some ERs have only been used in whole‐cell systems, with endogenous ketoreductases often interfering with the ER activity. Not many ERs are biocatalytically characterized as to specificity and stability. Here, we cloned the genes and expressed three non‐related ERs, two of them novel, in E. coli : XenA from Pseudomonas putida , KYE1 from Kluyveromyces lactis , and Yers‐ER from Yersinia bercovieri . All three proteins showed broad ER specificity and broad temperature and pH optima but different specificity patterns. All three proteins prefer NADPH as cofactor over NADH and are stable up to 40 °C. By coupling Yers‐ER with glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) to recycle NADP(H), conversion of &gt;99 % within one hour was obtained for the reduction of 2‐cyclohexenone. Upon lowering the loadings of Yers‐ER and GDH, we discovered rapid deactivation of either enzyme, especially of the thermostable GDH. We found that the presence of enone substrate, rather than oxygen or elevated temperature, is responsible for deactivation. In summary, we successfully demonstrate the wide specificity of enoate reductases for a range of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds as well as coupling to glucose dehydrogenase for recycling of NAD(P)(H); however, the stability limitations we found need to be overcome to envision large‐scale use of ERs in synthesis.
Biodendrimers: New Polymeric Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering (2002)

Dendrimers composed entirely of building blocks known to be biocompatible or degradable in vivo to natural metabolites were synthesized using a high yield divergent approach. This synthesis is amenable to the design and development of new biomaterials that are of interest for a variety of medical applications, including tissue engineering. In a novel application, photocross-linkable dendrimers are used to seal large corneal lacerations.
Identification of hydrogen platelets in proton-bombarded GaAs (1986)

The technique of cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy has been applied to study the nature of the radiation damage in GaAs bombarded with 300 keV protons to total doses of 1015 and 5×1015 protons cm−2. The results indicate that upon annealing at temperatures of 500 °C and above, the precipitated damage becomes visible in the form of hydrogen platelets (i.e., hydrogen-filled edge vacancy loops) on the {110} cleavage planes of GaAs.
An Indoor Location Estimation Method Selection Algorithm based on environment of moving object (2011)

Recently, ubiquitous computing and related technologies is more and more growing concern about. Depending on the trend, the moving object recognition and tracking research have been required in order to meet the diverse needs of the user. In the location-based services, one of the most important issues in the indoor environment is to provide location-aware services. In this paper, the effective algorithm to help estimate the position of moving objects in an indoor environment is proposed. We propose an algorithm that combined the existing trilateration measurement and the improved measurement of environmental adaptation scene analysis. The proposed indoor location estimation algorithm use the trilateration measurement when we have enough anchor in the line-of-sight environment. Otherwise that use measurement of environmental adaptation scene analysis. Consequently, the proposed algorithm has been improved the localization accuracy of a moving object as well as was able to reduce complexity of the algorithm.
Simultaneous scheduling and binding for power minimization during microarchitecture synthesis (1995)

Sub-micron technologies and the increasing size and complexity of integrated components have aggravated the e ect of long interconnects and buses, compared to that of gates, on the overall performance, and energy of systems [13]. Consequently, we propose a RT level design technique to reduce the energy dissipated in switching of the buses ( 40% of the on-chip power [13]) in the synthesized microarchitectures. This is accomplished by judiciously binding/scheduling data transfers in a Control Data Flow Graph (CDFG) onto buses in the design. The algorithm considers (i) correlations between data transfers, (ii) constraints on system performance, and (iii) constraints on the number of buses. Simulations on benchmarks show that best-energy designs are up to 75% energy-e cient visa-vis the worst-energy designs. Further, best-energy designs are up to 45% more energy-e cient than the best-delay designs.
Alloantigen Gene Therapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (1998)

These data demonstrate the potential efficacy and lack of toxicity of this form of alloantigen gene therapy. A multi-institutional study has been initiated to expand on these findings.
Thromboxane, Prostaglandin and Leukotriene Receptors (1989)

Thromboxanes (TX), prostaglandins (PG), and leukotrienes (LT) (eicosa­ noids) are metabolites of the the 20-carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid. Current evidence supports potential pathophysiologic roles for these autocoids in many diseases (1-3). While the synthesis and metabolism ofthese auto­ coids have been studied extensively in normal and pathologic states, the study of their receptors has lagged far behind. With the development of drugs that will be targeted to these receptors, there is a pressing need to improve our understanding of the fundamental characteristics of these important receptors.
Characterisation of Clostridium difficile Biofilm Formation, a Role for Spo0A (2012)

Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus that is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhoea worldwide. We demonstrate that C. difficile aggregates and forms biofilms in vitro on abiotic surfaces. These polymicrobial aggregates are attached to each other and to an abiotic surface by an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The EPS matrix provides the scaffold bonding together vegetative cells and spores, as well as forming a protective barrier for vegetative cells against oxygen stress. The master regulator of sporulation, Spo0A, may play a key role in biofilm formation, as genetic inactivation of spo0A in strain R20291 exhibits decreased biofilm formation. Our findings highlight an important attribute of C. difficile pathogenesis, which may have significant implications for infection, treatment and relapse.
[Combined effect of rhTGF-β1 and rhPDGF-BB on the expression of Pyk2 protein and mRNA gene during orthodontic tooth movement in SD rats]. (2019)

rhTGF-β1 and rhPDGF-BB up-regulated the expression of Pyk2 protein and mRNA gene on the pressure side of orthodontic tooth in rats, which may be one of the reasons for accelerating the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.
Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 6-substituted purine derivatives as novel selective positive inotropes (1992)

A series of purine derivatives was prepared and examined for selective inotropic activity in vitro and in vivo. Thioether-linked derivatives were superior to their oxygen and nitrogen isosteres. Substitution of electron-withdrawing groups on the benzhydryl moiety of these agents increased potency. The best compound of the study, 17 (carsatrin), was examined further and demonstrated selective oral activity as a positive inotrope. These compounds are presumed to act by affecting the kinetics of the cardiac sodium channel by analogy to the prototypic agent DPI 201106 (1). Their high selectivity for increasing contractile force and dP/dt without affecting blood pressure or heart rate is consistent with this mechanism. Carsatrin (17) was selected as a potential development candidate.
Cloning and characterization of two members of the vertebrate Dlx gene family. (1994)

A number of vertebrate genes of the Dlx gene family have been cloned in mouse, frog, and zebrafish. These genes contain a homeobox related to that of Distalless, a gene expressed in the developing head and limbs of Drosophila embryos. We cloned and studied the expression of two members of this family, which we named Dlx5 and Dlx6, in human and mouse. The two human genes, DLX5 and DLX6, are closely linked in an inverted convergent configuration in a region of chromosome 7, at 7q22. Similarly, the two human genes DLX1 and DLX2 are closely linked in a convergent configuration at 2q32, near the HOXD (previously HOX4) locus. In situ hybridization experiments in mouse embryos revealed expression of Dlx5 and Dlx6 mRNA in restricted regions of ventral diencephalon and basal telencephalon, with a distribution very similar to that reported for Dlx1 and Dlx2 mRNA. A surprising feature of Dlx5 and Dlx6 is that they are also expressed in all skeletal structures of midgestation embryos after the first cartilage formation. The expression pattern of these genes, together with their chromosome localization, may provide useful cues for the study of congenital disorders in which there is a combination of craniofacial and limb defects.
Drosophila homolog of the human S6 ribosomal protein is required for tumor suppression in the hematopoietic system. (1992)

The tumor suppressor gene lethal(1)aberrant immune response 8 (air8) of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a homolog of the human S6 ribosomal protein. P element insertions that prevent expression of this gene cause overgrowth of the lymph glands (the hematopoietic organs), abnormal blood cell differentiation, and melanotic tumor formation. They also cause delayed development, inhibit growth of most of the larval organs, and lead to larval lethality. Mitotic recombination experiments indicate that the normal S6 gene is required for clone survival in the germ line and imaginal discs. The S6 gene produces a 1.1-kilobase transcript that is abundant throughout development in wild-type animals and in revertants derived from the insertional mutants but is barely detectable in the mutant larvae. cDNAs corresponding to this transcript show a 248-amino acid open reading frame with 75.4% identity and 94.8% similarity to both human and rat S6 ribosomal protein sequences. The results reveal a regulatory function of this ribosomal protein in the hematopoietic system of Drosophila that may be related to its developmentally regulated phosphorylation.
Enzyme nanoparticles-based electronic biosensor (2005)

A simple and effective method to prepare an enzyme electronic biosensor by immobilizing enzyme nanoparticles directly onto the gold electrode surface is described; prepared horseradish peroxidase nanoparticles have been successfully used to develop reagentless electronic biosensors for H2O2 detection without promoters and mediators and offer great potential to develop enzyme-based electronic biosensors.
Asymmetric Coding of Stereoscopic Video for Transmission Over T-DMB (2007)

In this paper, we present an efficient approach for the compression of stereoscopic video sequences. By extending an H.264/AVC-based multi-view video coding (MVC) codec as described in a previous paper to mixed-resolution imagery, i.e., to stereoscopic videos where the right-eye view had been spatially down-sampled in order to reduce the total amount of data to be encoded, we are able to combine the benefits of both disparity-compensated prediction (DCP) and asymmetric coding. By doing so, we expect to achieve very high compression gains without reducing the overall visual quality of the resulting three-dimensional (3D) percept.
A hierarchical framework for demand-side frequency control (2014)

This paper aims to develop a hierarchical framework for demand-side frequency control. The framework involves two decision layers. The top layer determines a control gain for the aggregated load response on each bus using robust decentralized control theory. The second layer involves a large number of devices, which switch probabilistically during contingencies so that the aggregated power change matches the desired droop amount according to the control gains determined in the top layer. The proposed framework is based on the classical nonlinear multi-machine power system model, and can deal with time-varying system operating conditions while respecting the physical constraints of individual devices. Realistic simulation results based on a 68-bus system are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Silicon Photonic Modulator Neuron (2019)

Neural networks based on optoelectronics could be more than a million times as fast as electronic implementations, opening uncharted regimes of information processing. Despite advances in laser-based neurons and programmable Si photonic interconnects, a photonic neuron compatible with a photonic network is missing. These challenges could be addressed by photonic-modulator-based neurons that were integrable on the same platform as Si interconnects. The authors fabricate a Si photonic-modulator neuron and observe all essential networking properties of fan-in, cascadability, and high-gain nonlinearity, plus programmable, multi-input, time-resolved, and self-feedback processing behaviors.
The Transepicondylar Axis Approximates the Optimal Flexion Axis of the Knee (1998)

The traditional understanding of knee kinematics holds that no single fixed axis of rotation exists in the knee. In contrast, a recent hypothesis suggests that knee kinematics are better described simply as two simultaneous rotations occurring about fixed axes. Knee flexion and extension occurs about an optimal flexion axis fixed in the femur, whereas tibial internal and external rotations occur about a longitudinal rotation axis fixed in the tibia. No other translations or rotations exist. This hypothesis has been tested. Tibiofemoral kinematics were measured for 15 cadaveric knees undergoing a realistic loadbearing activity (simulated squatting). An optimization technique was used to identify the locations of the optimal flexion and longitudinal rotation axes such that simultaneous rotations about them could best represent the measured kinematics. The optimal flexion axis was compared with the transepicondylar axis defined by bony landmarks. The longitudinal rotation axis was found to pass through the medial joint compartment. The optimal flexion axis passed through the centers of the posterior femoral condyles. No significant difference was found between the optimal flexion and transepicondylar axes. To an average accuracy of better than 3.4 mm in translation, and 2.9 degrees in orientation, knee kinematics were represented successfully by simple rotations about the optimal flexion and longitudinal rotation axes. The optimal flexion axis is fixed in the femur and can be considered the true flexion axis of the knee. The transepicondylar axis axis, which is identified easily by palpation, closely approximates the optimal flexion axis.
Interaction of human monocytes, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes with zymosan in vitro. Role of type 3 complement receptors and macrophage-derived complement. (1985)

Macrophages take up zymosan in the absence of exogenous complement via receptors for iC3b (type 3 complement receptors) acting with or without lectin-like receptors for mannosyl-fucosyl-terminated glycoconjugates. We previously provided evidence that macrophages themselves secrete complement-alternative pathway components able to opsonize zymosan locally (Ezekowitz et al., J. Exp. Med. 1984. 159:244-260). We show here that covalently bound C3 cleavage products C3b and iC3b can be eluted from zymosan particles cultivated with 36-h adherent human monocytes in the absence of serum. The ligand binding site of type 3 complement receptors is involved in macrophage-zymosan interactions as shown by inhibition studies of zymosan binding and uptake with Fab fragments of anti-C3 antibodies and monoclonal antireceptor antibodies M01 and OKM10. In contrast, antibody IB4, which binds to a receptor epitope distinct from the binding site, does not inhibit zymosan uptake. Selective modulation of macrophage receptors onto anticomplement receptor antibody and mannose-rich yeast mannan, respectively, confirms that the complement and lectin-like receptors are distinct. Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which express receptors for complement, but are not known to secrete complement proteins, bind and ingest only exogenously opsonized zymosan. Unopsonized zymosan is a poor trigger of respiratory burst activity in neutrophils or 7-d adherent human macrophages, but induces cell aggregation and secretion of large amounts of superoxide anion when these cells are co-cultivated in serum-free medium and challenged with zymosan. Our studies indicate that complement and/or other products synthesized by macrophages at extravascular sites could play an important role in opsonization and lysis of pathogens able to activate the alternative pathway and mediate macrophage-neutrophil collaboration in first-line host defence.
New Steroidal Alkaloids from Sarcococca saligna (2000)

Five new pregnane-type steroidal alkaloids (1-5) have been isolated from Sarcococca saligna. A combination of UV, IR, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies established their structures as salignarine A [(20S)-2beta-hydroxy-4beta-acetoxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxy-20-(dimethylamino)-3beta-(tigloylamino)pregnane ] (1), salignarine B [(20S)-2beta-hydroxy-20-(dimethylamino)-3beta-(tigloylamino) -pregn-5- ene] (2), salignarine C [(20S)-2beta-hydroxy-20-(dimethylamino)-3beta-(senecioylamino++ +)-pregn- 5-ene] (3), salignarine D [(20S)-20-(dimethylamino)-3beta-(senecioylamino)-5alpha-preg n-16-ene] (4), and salignarine E [(20S)-20-(dimethylamino)-3beta-(tigloylamino)-pregn-4-ene] (5), respectively.
Mapping of low flip angles in magnetic resonance (2011)

Errors in the flip angle have to be corrected in many magnetic resonance imaging applications, especially for T1 quantification. However, the existing methods of B1 mapping fail to measure lower values of the flip angle despite the fact that these are extensively used in dynamic acquisition and 3D imaging. In this study, the nonlinearity of the radiofrequency (RF) transmit chain, especially for very low flip angles, is investigated and a simple method is proposed to accurately determine both the gain of the RF transmitter and the B1 field map for low flip angles. The method makes use of the spoiled gradient echo sequence with long repetition time (TR), such as applied in the double-angle method. It uses an image acquired with a flip angle of 90° as a reference image that is robust to B1 inhomogeneity. The ratio of the image at flip angle alpha to the image at a flip angle of 90° enables us to calculate the actual value of alpha. This study was carried out at 1.5 and 4.7 T, showing that the linearity of the RF supply system is highly dependent on the hardware. The method proposed here allows us to measure the flip angle from 1° to 60° with a maximal uncertainty of 10% and to correct T1 maps based on the variable flip angle method.
Fundamental-mode VHF/UHF minature acoustic resonators and filters on silicon (1980)

Novel bulk acoustic-wave high-Q resonators and acoustically coupled resonator filters have been fabricated and operated at their fundamental half-wavelength mode in the 200-500-MHz frequency range. These structures are fabricated on thin ZnO/silicon diaphragms with dimensions small enough to be incorporated within integrated circuits. Resonator Q’s near 2600 at the fundamental mode have been obtained and strong inter-resonator acoustic coupling has been achieved yielding filters having insertion loss (untuned) as low as 5.5 dB.
Regulation of Caspases by Nitric Oxide (2002)

Nitric oxide can prevent or induce apoptosis depending on its concentration, cell type, and the oxidative milieu. Nitric oxide inhibits apoptosis and inflammation by S-nitrosylation of the active site cysteine of caspases, the central effector molecules of cell death as well as maturation of IL-1beta and IL-18. The ability of nitric oxide to S-nitrosylate caspases depends on multiple factors including the presence of free iron and intracellular redox potential. There are no known direct effects of nitric oxide on promoting caspase activation or activity. However, nitric oxide has been shown to promote apoptotic pathways in numerous cell types through the indirect activation of caspases. In this article we review the relationship of nitric oxide and caspase activity, modulation of this effect by iron, and clinical implications for the use of nitric oxide in regulating inflammation and apoptosis.
Development and dosimetry of 203Pb/212Pb-labelled PSMA ligands: bringing “the lead” into PSMA-targeted alpha therapy? (2019)

<sup>212</sup>Pb-CA012 is a promising candidate for PSMA-targeted alpha therapy of prostate cancer. The dosimetry estimate for radiopharmaceuticals decaying with the release of unstable daughter nuclides has some inherent limitations, thus clinical translation should be done cautiously.
Field-Effect Transistors Based on Single Semiconducting Oxide Nanobelts (2002)

We have fabricated field-effect transistors (FETs) based on single SnO2 and ZnO nanobelts of thicknesses between 10 and 30 nm. Switching ratios as large as 6 orders of magnitude and conductivities as high as 15 (Ω cm)-1 are observed. Annealing SnO2 nanobelt FETs in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere produces a negative shift in gate threshold voltage, indicating doping by the generation of surface oxygen vacancies. This treatment provides an effective way of tuning the electrical performance of the nanobelt devices. The ability of SnO2 FETs to act as gas sensors is also demonstrated. SnO2 FETs with lengths of about 500 nm or less show an anomalous behavior where the conductance cannot be modulated by the gate. ZnO nanobelt FETs are sensitive to ultraviolet light. Both photogeneration of electron−hole pairs and doping by UV induced surface desorption contribute to the conductivity.