gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive resource allocation in multiuser OFDM systems with proportional rate constraints (2005)

Multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MU-OFDM) is a promising technique for achieving high downlink capacities in future cellular and wireless local area network (LAN) systems. The sum capacity of MU-OFDM is maximized when each subchannel is assigned to the user with the best channel-to-noise ratio for that subchannel, with power subsequently distributed by water-filling. However, fairness among the users cannot generally be achieved with such a scheme. In this paper, a set of proportional fairness constraints is imposed to assure that each user can achieve a required data rate, as in a system with quality of service guarantees. Since the optimal solution to the constrained fairness problem is extremely computationally complex to obtain, a low-complexity suboptimal algorithm that separates subchannel allocation and power allocation is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, subchannel allocation is first performed by assuming an equal power distribution. An optimal power allocation algorithm then maximizes the sum capacity while maintaining proportional fairness. The proposed algorithm is shown to achieve about 95% of the optimal capacity in a two-user system, while reducing the complexity from exponential to linear in the number of subchannels. It is also shown that with the proposed resource allocation algorithm, the sum capacity is distributed more fairly and flexibly among users than the sum capacity maximization method.
Thermal stability of nonionic polyoxyalkylene surfactants (1991)

Abstract Nonionic surfactants are largely employed in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and textile industry. The sensitivity of polyoxyethylene chains to autoxidation is studied because it is responsible for unpleasant effects such as discoloration, degradation of products, and unpleasant odors. In the present work, thermal stability of polyoxyethylene and polyoxyethylene/propylene nonionic surfactants has been studied by employing together differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). First of all, the thermal stability of three monodispersed surfactants (laurilic alcohol plus 4, 6, or 8 EO units) has been studied. Then, the behavior of these products has been compared with those of commercial surfactants containing the same alkyl chain coupled with idrophylic chains of different lengths, containing EO units alone or both EO and PO. The effect of the alkyl chains has also been examined in the same way. In all cases, autoxidation starts at about 100°C with a net heat production proportional to the number of adducts and equal to about (1.5–1.7) × 10 5 J/adduct. Heat evolution stopped at about the same temperature, independently of the hydrophylic chain length. A residual of 10–30% by weight decomposes, at higher temperatures, with a very small heat evolution. The interpretation of these and other phenomena observed conclude the paper.
Meta-analysis of ROC Curves (2000)

The authors present a method to combine several independent studies of the same (continuous or semiquantitative) diagnostic test, where each study reports a complete ROC curve; a plot of the true-positive rate or sensitivity against the false-positive rate or one minus the specificity. The result of the analysis is a pooled ROC curve, with a confidence band, as opposed to earlier proposals that result in a pooled area under the ROC curve. The analysis is based on a two-parameter model for the ROC curve that can be estimated for each individual curve. The parameters are then pooled with a bivariate random-effects meta-analytic method, and a curve can be drawn from the pooled parameters. The authors propose to use a model that specifies a linear relation between the logistic transformations of sensitivity and one minus specificity. Specifically, they define V = In(sensitivity/(1 - sensitivity)) and U = In((1 - specificity)/specificity), and then D = V - U, S = V + U. The model is defined as D = alpha + betaS. The parameters alpha and beta are estimated using weighted linear regression with bootstrapping to get the standard errors, or using maximum likelihood. The authors show how the procedure works with continuous test data and with categorical test data.
High‐throughput sequencing of T‐cell receptors reveals a homogeneous repertoire of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in ovarian cancer (2013)

The cellular adaptive immune system mounts a response to many solid tumours mediated by tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs). Basic measurements of these TILs, including total count, show promise as prognostic markers for a variety of cancers, including ovarian and colorectal. In addition, recent therapeutic advances are thought to exploit this immune response to effectively fight melanoma, with promising studies showing efficacy in additional cancers. However, many of the basic properties of TILs are poorly understood, including specificity, clonality, and spatial heterogeneity of the T-cell response. We utilize deep sequencing of rearranged T-cell receptor beta (TCRB) genes to characterize the basic properties of TILs in ovarian carcinoma. Due to somatic rearrangement during T-cell development, the TCR beta chain sequence serves as a molecular tag for each T-cell clone. Using these sequence tags, we assess similarities and differences between infiltrating T cells in discretely sampled sections of large tumours and compare to T cells from peripheral blood. Within the limits of sensitivity of our assay, the TIL repertoires show strong similarity throughout each tumour and are distinct from the circulating T-cell repertoire. We conclude that the cellular adaptive immune response within ovarian carcinomas is spatially homogeneous and distinct from the T-cell compartment of peripheral blood.
A novel star-ring protection architecture scheme for WDM passive optical access networks (2005)

We propose and demonstrate a star-ring network architecture and wavelength assignment scheme for multi-wavelength passive optical networks with full path protection capability. Bi-directional traffic can be restored promptly for single/multiple link failure scenarios.
Adrenal function in sepsis: The retrospective Corticus cohort study (2007)

Although delta cortisol and not basal cortisol level was associated with clinical outcome, further studies are still needed to optimize the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency in critical illness. Etomidate influenced ACTH test results and was associated with a worse outcome.
4H-SiC Epitaxy with Very Smooth Surface and Low Basal Plane Dislocation on 4 Degree Off-Axis Wafer (2011)

Improvements in the quality and consistency of 4H-SiC epitaxy wafers are now starting to enable growth of commercial SiC power device applications in areas such as inverters for photo-voltaic systems and power supplies. Recent work has achieved very low epitaxy surface roughness and very low BPD (Basal plane dislocation) in the on 4 degree off-axis substrates. In this paper, we report characterization of the very low BPD epitaxy wafers and a newly observed triangular defect.
The Effects of Cold Work and Heat Treatment on the Properties of Nitinol Wire (2007)

Shape memory and superelastic capabilities coupled with good biocompatibility give Nitinol the ability to provide functionality seldom possible with traditional engineering alloys. In this study the effect of heat treatments of 300 ∼ 550°C for 2 ∼ 180 minutes on Ti-50.8%Ni (at.%) wire of 30% and 50% cold work was investigated. Transformational and mechanical properties were characterized through the bend and free recovery (BFR) method and tensile testing. Thermally activated precipitation and annealing processes occurred. Annealing processes tended to increase the slope and the total strain recovery of the BFR plots. Two TTT diagrams were constructed illustrating the trends in the Austenite Finish Temperature (Af) of the wires. A maximum precipitation rate occurred at approximately 450°C. Precipitation strengthening was evident in both 30% and 50% cold-worked wires. However, only in the former did an increase in UTS occur. Recrystallization began at approximately 450°C for both wires.
Chiral Porous Hybrid Solids for Practical Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones (2003)

Chiral porous zirconium phosphonates containing Ru-BINAP-DPEN moieties were synthesized via a molecular building-block approach, and characterized by a variety of techniques including TGA, adsorption isotherms, XRD, SEM, IR, and microanalysis. These hybrid solids were used for enantioselective heterogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic ketones with remarkably high ee values of up to 99.2%. These solid catalysts can also be easily recycled and reused for eight times without the loss of activity and enantioselectivity. Ready tunability of such a molecular building-block approach will allow the optimization of these hybrid materials and promise to lead to other practically useful heterogeneous asymmetric catalysts.
Immunoimmobilization of Living Salmonella for Fundamental Studies and Biosensor Applications (2012)

Currently, there is no technique available to probe an individual bacterium in its physiological environment for a prolonged period of time to determine its response to environmental stimuli or to conduct measurements on it. Controlling and manipulating individual bacteria will facilitate fundamental studies of such bacterial characteristics as morphology, adhesion, biomineralization and mechanical properties under physiological conditions. Access to specific individual cells will open new research frontiers in areas such as differentiation among the individual offspring of a predetermined bacterium (Arnoldi et al. 1998; Chao et al. 2011; Gao et al. 2011). In many applications, it is necessary to immobilize bacteria on flat substrates or particles. For example, there have been many reports on using living bacteria as sensors for environmental monitoring because of their low cost, fast growth, easy genetic modification and handling, and sensitivity to a wide variety of environmental stimuli (Kuang et al. 2004; Mbeunkui et al. 2002; Premkumar et al. 2002). It is often necessary to immobilize living bacteria on a designated area of a detecting surface to build a practical sensor. Reliable, controllable and efficient immobilization of bacteria is crucial for the success of pathogen detection. Typically, a captured bacterium triggers an event that converts the capturing process into a signal which is detectable by optical, electrochemical, mechanical or other means (O'Kennedy et al. 2009). The technique developed by our group appears to be very promising for these applications. Before we describe our methodology here, we will give a brief review of the previous approaches and methods for the immobilization of bacteria on material surfaces.
The duality between information embedding and source coding with side information and some applications (2002)

A formal duality between the information embedding (data hiding) problem and the Wyner-Ziv problem of source coding with decoder side information is developed, including results for the quadratic Gaussian and binary-symmetric-Hamming cases, with implications for a number of important applications.
The Information Value of Item-Level RFID in Retail Supply Chain Operations (2011)

Product availability in retail stores has become a major competitive factor. Insufficient replenishment processes and missing inventory visibility still account for a major fraction of lost sales. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) may eliminate inventory record inaccuracy and improve the means of employees and customers to localize products. However, to date a lack of knowledge about the information value of this technology prevents a comprehensive financial evaluation. This paper proposes and demonstrates a simulation method that is able to capture the information value of item-level RFID in retail supply chain operations. Overall our results show that the ROI of item-level RFID depends on many factors. We demonstrate that a positive ROI is possible at the current price of passive RFID transponders.
Interferon-γ-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of MEKK4 via Pyk2 is regulated by annexin II and SHP2 in keratinocytes (2005)

IFNgamma (interferon-gamma) binding to its cognate receptor results, through JAK (Janus kinase), in direct activation of receptor-bound STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1), although there is evidence for additional activation of a MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway. In the present paper, we report IFNgamma-dependent activation of the MEKK4 (MAPK/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase 4) pathway in HaCaT human keratinocytes. MEKK4 is tyrosine-phosphorylated and the IFNgamma-dependent phosphorylation requires intracellular calcium. Calcium-dependent phosphorylation of MEKK4 is mediated by Pyk2. Moreover, MEKK4 and Pyk2 co-localize in an IFNgamma-dependent manner in the perinuclear region. Furthermore, the calcium-binding protein, annexin II, and the calcium-regulated kinase, Pyk2, co-immunoprecipitate with MEKK4 after treatment with IFNgamma. Immunofluorescence imaging of HaCaT cells shows an IFNgamma-dependent co-localization of annexin II with Pyk2 in the perinuclear region, suggesting that annexin II mediates the calcium-dependent regulation of Pyk2. Tyrosine phosphorylation of MEKK4 correlates with its activity to phosphorylate MKK6 (MAPK kinase 6) in vitro and subsequent p38 MAPK activation in an IFNgamma-dependent manner. Additional studies demonstrate that the SH2 (Src homology 2)-domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 co-immunoprecipitates with MEKK4 in an IFNgamma-dependent manner and co-localizes with MEKK4 after IFNgamma stimulation in the perinuclear region in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, we provide evidence that SHP2 dephosphorylates MEKK4 and Pyk2, terminating the MEKK4-dependent branch of the IFNgamma signalling pathway.
Rotavirus gene structure and function (1989)

Knowledge of the structure and function of the genes and proteins of the rotaviruses has expanded rapidly. Information obtained in the last 5 years has revealed unexpected and unique molecular properties of rotavirus proteins of general interest to virologists, biochemists, and cell biologists. Rotaviruses share some features of replication with reoviruses, yet antigenic and molecular properties of the outer capsid proteins, VP4 (a protein whose cleavage is required for infectivity, possibly by mediating fusion with the cell membrane) and VP7 (a glycoprotein), show more similarities with those of other viruses such as the orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and alphaviruses. Rotavirus morphogenesis is a unique process, during which immature subviral particles bud through the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). During this process, transiently enveloped particles form, the outer capsid proteins are assembled onto particles, and mature particles accumulate in the lumen of the ER. Two ER-specific viral glycoproteins are involved in virus maturation, and these glycoproteins have been shown to be useful models for studying protein targeting and retention in the ER and for studying mechanisms of virus budding. New ideas and approaches to understanding how each gene functions to replicate and assemble the segmented viral genome have emerged from knowledge of the primary structure of rotavirus genes and their proteins and from knowledge of the properties of domains on individual proteins. Localization of type-specific and cross-reactive neutralizing epitopes on the outer capsid proteins is becoming increasingly useful in dissecting the protective immune response, including evaluation of vaccine trials, with the practical possibility of enhancing the production of new, more effective vaccines. Finally, future analyses with recently characterized immunologic and gene probes and new animal models can be expected to provide a basic understanding of what regulates the primary interactions of these viruses with the gastrointestinal tract and the subsequent responses of infected hosts.
Induction of Xylose Reductase and Xylitol Dehydrogenase Activities in Pachysolen tannophilus and Pichia stipitis on Mixed Sugars (1988)

The induction of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities on mixed sugars was investigated in the yeasts Pachysolen tannophilus and Pichia stipitis. Enzyme activities induced on d-xylose served as the controls. In both yeasts, d-glucose, d-mannose, and 2-deoxyglucose inhibited enzyme induction by d-xylose to various degrees. Cellobiose, l-arabinose, and d-galactose were not inhibitory. In liquid batch culture, P. tannophilus utilized d-glucose and d-mannose rapidly and preferentially over d-xylose, while d-galactose consumption was poor and lagged behind that of the pentose sugar. In P. stipitis, all three hexoses were used preferentially over d-xylose. The results showed that the repressibility of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase may limit the potential of yeast fermentation of pentose sugars in hydrolysates of lignocellulosic substrates.
Programming by examples (2017)

99% of computer users do not know programming and hence struggle with repetitive tasks. Programming by Examples (PBE) can revolutionize this landscape by enabling users to synthesize intended programs from example based specifications. A key technical challenge in PBE is to search for programs that are consistent with the examples provided by the user. Our efficient search methodology is based on two key ideas: (i) Restriction of the search space to an appropriate domain-specific language (ii) A divide-and-conquer based search paradigm that inductively reduces the problem of synthesizing a program with a certain top-level operator to simpler synthesis problems over its sub-programs by leveraging the operator's inverse semantics. Another challenge in PBE is to resolve the ambiguity in the example based specification. Our ambiguity resolution methodology leverages two complementary approaches: (a) machine learning based ranking techniques that can pick an intended program from among those that satisfy the specification, and (b) active-learning based user interaction models. I will illustrate these various concepts using Flash Fill, FlashExtract, and FlashRelate---PBE technologies for data manipulation domains. These technologies, which have been released inside various Microsoft products, are useful for data scientists who spend 80% of their time wrangling with data. The Microsoft PROSE SDK allows easy construction of such technologies.
Selective Chemical Catalysis by an Antibody (1986)

The immunoglobulin MOPC167, which binds the transition state analog p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine with high affinity, catalyzed the hydrolysis of the corresponding carbonate 1. MOPC167 catalysis displayed saturation kinetics with catalytic constant (kcat) = 0.4 min-1 and Michaelis constant (Km) = 208 microM, showed substrate specificity, and was inhibited by p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine. The rate of the reaction was first order in hydroxide ion concentration between pH 6.0 and 8.0. The lower limit for the rate of acceleration of hydrolysis by the antibody above the uncatalyzed reaction was 770. This study begins to define the rules for the generation of catalytic antibodies.
Implementing RenderMan ‐ Practice, Problems and Enhancements (1994)

Abstract The RenderMan interface has been proposed as a general interface to rendering systems, yet only a few implementations of the interface exist. In this paper we describe the implementation of the RenderMan interface on a general rendering architecture that supports various rendering algorithms. Specifically we discuss the implementation of the RenderMan Shading Language and its integration into our rendering architecture. Special attention is focused on the problems that we have encountered and how they can be solved. Additionally, we suggest extensions and enhancements to the current interface definition, which would make RenderMan easier to implement and more flexible to use.
Selective Inhibition of Protease-activated Receptor 4-dependent Platelet Activation by YD-3 (2002)

In the present study, the antiplatelet effect and its mechanism of a new synthetic compound YD-3 [1-benzyl-3-(ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-indazole] were examined. YD-3 inhibited the aggregation of washed human platelets caused by protease-activated receptor (PAR) 4 agonist peptide GYPGKF (IC50 = 0.13 +/- 0.02 microM), but had no or little effect on that by thrombin, PAR1 agonist peptide SFLLRN, collagen or U46619. YD-3 produced a parallel, rightward shift of the concentration-response curve for GYPGKF without decreasing of the maximum platelet aggregation, indicating a competitive antagonism. In contrast to human platelets, both thrombin- and GYPGKF-induced mouse platelet shape change and aggregation were completely inhibited by YD-3. YD-3 also selectively prevented GYPGKF-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in human platelets. Furthermore, in the PAR1-desensitized human platelets, thrombin induced a relatively slow rise and decay of calcium mobilization that was significantly inhibited by YD-3. In addition, the synergistic effect of SFLLRN and GYPGKF on platelet activation was prevented by YD-3. YD-3 also inhibits both fMLP-stimulated neutrophil- and purified cathepsin G-induced platelet aggregation, which has been demonstrated to be PAR4-dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that YD-3 selectively inhibits PAR4-dependent platelet activation through blockade of PAR4. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first non-peptide PAR4 antagonist.
In vivo studies with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides: pharmacokinetics prologue. (1991)

Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides which contain 35S at each internucleoside linkage have been prepared and employed to evaluate the in vivo pharmacokinetics in mice, rats and rabbits. A single administration of a 27-mer complementary to the rev gene of HIV into adult male rats by either the intravenous or intraperitoneal route reveals a biphasic plasma elimination. An initial half-life of 15-25 min represents distribution out of the plasma compartment and a second half-life of 20-40 h represents elimination from the body. The second half-life is significantly longer than a variety of nucleic acids such as poly-IC and Ampligen and suggests therapy with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides should be possible and practical. Repeated daily injections of the 27-mer provides steady-state concentrations in 6-9 days, confirming the estimated long half-life from single injection studies. Finally, chronic treatment studies indicate that the phosphorothioate oligonucleotides are relatively non-toxic. Hence, pharmacokinetic considerations are not likely to be limiting factors in anti-cancer drug design with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides.
High resolution of quantitative traits into multiple loci via interval mapping. (1994)

A very general method is described for multiple linear regression of a quantitative phenotype on genotype [putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and markers] in segregating generations obtained from line crosses. The method exploits two features, (a) the use of additional parental and F1 data, which fixes the joint QTL effects and the environmental error, and (b) the use of markers as cofactors, which reduces the genetic background noise. As a result, a significant increase of QTL detection power is achieved in comparison with conventional QTL mapping. The core of the method is the completion of any missing genotypic (QTL and marker) observations, which is embedded in a general and simple expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters. The method is described in detail for the analysis of an F2 generation. Because of the generality of the approach, it is easily applicable to other generations, such as backcross progenies and recombinant inbred lines. An example is presented in which multiple QTLs for plant height in tomato are mapped in an F2 progeny, using additional data from the parents and their F1 progeny.