gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood flow visualization in immersive environment based on color Doppler images (2005)

An accurate grasp of blood flow patterns in a human heart is important to evaluate cardiac diseases of patients. The Doppler ultrasound method is widely used to visualize blood flow patterns and has obtained excellent results in diagnosis. However, the output from the Doppler ultrasound method is usually represented as a two-dimensional image, though blood flow patterns have three-dimensional complex structure and change dynamically. Therefore, improvement of both data acquisition and data visualization techniques is indispensable for diagnosis of the cardiac faculty. It is worth mentioning that visualization also dominates the level of understanding as data acquisition, because poor visualization ruins the value of the most accurate results of measurement as if it were nothing. The authors construct an interactive visualization system suitable for three-dimensional blood flow, utilizing the immersive projection display. With the developed visualization system, which possesses interactivity and a wide field of view, users can easily understand the state of entire flow, such as the occurrence of turbulence, and the patterns of blood flow.
Purification and characterization of pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase in Euglena gracilis. (1987)

Pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase was homogeneously purified from crude extract of Euglena gracilis. The Mr of the enzyme was estimated to be 309,000 by gel filtration. The enzyme migrated as a single protein band with Mr of 166,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting that the enzyme consists of two identical polypeptides. The absorption spectrum of the native enzyme exhibited maxima at 278, 380, and 430 nm, and a broad shoulder was observed around 480 nm; the maximum at 430 nm was eliminated by reduction of the enzyme with dithionite. Reduction of the enzyme with pyruvate and CoA and reoxidation with NADP+ were proved from changes of absorption spectra. The enzyme contained 2 molecules of FAD and 8 molecules of iron. It was also indicated that the enzyme was thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent. The enzyme was oxygen-sensitive, and the reaction was affected by the presence of oxygen. Pyruvate was the most active substrate, but the enzyme was slightly active for 2-oxobutyrate, 3-hydroxypyruvate, and oxalacetate, but not for glyoxylate and 2-oxoglutarate. The native electron acceptor was NADP+, whereas NAD+ was completely inactive. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD, and FMN were utilized as artificial electron acceptors, whereas spinach and Clostridium ferredoxins were inactive. Pyruvate synthesis by reductive carboxylation of acetyl-CoA with NADPH as the electron donor occurred by the reverse reaction of the enzyme. The enzyme also catalyzed a pyruvate-CO2 exchange reaction and electron-transfer reaction from NADPH to other electron acceptors like methyl viologen. These results indicate that pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase in E. gracilis is clearly distinct from either the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex or pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase.
A magnetic force driven chaotic micro-mixer (2003)

A magnetic force based chaotic micro-mixer is developed for mixing of magnetic beads in bio-fluids. The mixer consists of micro-conductors embedded in the substrate and micro-channel on top. We have shown that the magnetic field generated by the simple 2-D micro-conductors provides strong attraction to the nearby magnetic beads. Numerical simulation was used to search for the chaotic regime of particle trajectories. It is found that the serpentine channel geometry with the perpendicular electrodes arrangement is able to create the stretching and folding of material lines, which is a sign of chaos. The existence of chaos is also verified by using the dynamical tools, such as Lyapunov exponent and Poincare map.
Synthesis and biological activity of (cyclopentenopyridinium)thiomethylcephalosporins. (1990)

Substituted (cyclopentenopyridinium)thiomethyl groups were introduced as C-3 substituents of (6R,7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-oxyimino]acetami docephalosporins. Structure-activity relationships of this class of cephalosporins are discussed on the basis of their MIC. The selected compounds, 3a and 4a (ME1221), having an acidic substituent, showed excellent in vivo efficacy and low toxicity.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Homoaza Sugars as Glycosidase Inhibitors (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Evaluation of Homoaza Sugars as Glycosidase InhibitorsChi-Huey Wong, Louis Provencher, John A. Porco Jr., Sang-Hun Jung, Yi-Fong Wang, Lihren Chen, Ruo Wang, and Darryl H. SteensmaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6, 1492–1501Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00111a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00111a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views741Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
IFNs and STATs in innate immunity to microorganisms (2002)

JAK-STAT signaling in human
EMT- and stroma-related gene expression and resistance to PD-1 blockade in urothelial cancer (2018)

Cancers infiltrated with T-cells are associated with a higher likelihood of response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Counterintuitively, a correlation between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene expression and T-cell infiltration has been observed across tumor types. Here we demonstrate, using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) urothelial cancer dataset, that although a gene expression-based measure of infiltrating T-cell abundance and EMT-related gene expression are positively correlated, these signatures convey disparate prognostic information. We further demonstrate that non-hematopoietic stromal cells are a major source of EMT-related gene expression in bulk urothelial cancer transcriptomes. Finally, using a cohort of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer treated with a PD-1 inhibitor, nivolumab, we demonstrate that in patients with T-cell infiltrated tumors, higher EMT/stroma-related gene expression is associated with lower response rates and shorter progression-free and overall survival. Together, our findings suggest a stroma-mediated source of immune resistance in urothelial cancer and provide rationale for co-targeting PD-1 and stromal elements.
Review: Short‐Bowel Syndrome: A Review of the Role of Nutrition Support (1991)

Advances in long-term venous access devices and in parenteral nutrition solutions have made it possible for patients with severe short bowel syndrome to survive and to live in our society. The spectrum of this disease is such that some patients may be able to lessen their dependence or even become free from parenteral therapy. This review will discuss the role of nutrition support in the patient with short bowel syndrome.
Osteopontin and β 3 Integrin Are Coordinately Expressed in Regenerating Endothelium In Vivo and Stimulate Arg-Gly-Asp–Dependent Endothelial Migration In Vitro (1995)

Osteopontin is an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing acidic glycoprotein postulated to mediate cellular adhesion and migration in a growing number of normal and pathological conditions through interaction with integrin molecules. In this report, we have investigated the potential contributions of osteopontin and one of its receptors, the alpha v beta 3 integrin, to endothelial regenerative processes by using both in vivo and in vitro models. In vivo, uninjured rat arterial endothelium had undetectable levels of osteopontin and beta 3-integrin mRNA by in situ hybridization. After balloon catheter denudation, osteopontin mRNA levels correlated temporally and spatially with active endothelial proliferation and migration, with the highest levels observed at the wound edge between 8 hours and 2 weeks after injury, declining to uninjured levels at 6 weeks, when regeneration was complete. Osteopontin protein levels, as determined by immunocytochemistry, paralleled the time course of mRNA expression. Likewise, beta 3-integrin mRNA and protein levels were substantially elevated in regenerating endothelial cells but were not detectable in uninjured or healed endothelium. In vitro, rat smooth muscle cell-derived and bacterial expressed mouse recombinant osteopontins both stimulated the adhesion and directed migration of bovine aortic endothelial cells through interactions with the alpha v beta 3 receptor. Structural mutants of osteopontin confirmed the importance of the RGD domain for both adhesion and migration of endothelial cells through alpha v beta 3. These data suggest important roles for osteopontin and beta 3 integrin in regenerating endothelium.
Immune Biomarker Differences and Changes Comparing HCV Mono-Infected, HIV/HCV Co-Infected, and HCV Spontaneously Cleared Patients (2013)

Clear differences exist in pattern and quantity of plasma immune biomarkers among HCV mono-infected, HIV/HCV co-infected, and HCV-cleared patients; and with SVR in co-infected patients treated for HCV. Though >90% of patients were male and co-infected had a larger percentage of African American patients, our findings may have implications for better understanding HCV pathogenesis, treatment outcomes, and future therapeutic targets.
Cytotoxic activity of an interleukin 2-Pseudomonas exotoxin chimeric protein produced in Escherichia coli. (1988)

A cDNA clone for human interleukin 2 (IL-2) has been fused to the 5' end of a modified Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) gene that lacks the sequences encoding the cell recognition domain. The chimeric protein IL-2-PE40 was produced in Escherichia coli. It was extremely toxic to IL-2 receptor-positive cells but had no measurable effect on cells lacking the IL-2 receptor. IL-2-PE40 might be a useful cytotoxic agent in the treatment of diseases involving IL-2 receptor-positive cells and in the treatment of allograft rejection.
Influence of epidermal hydration on the friction of human skin against textiles (2008)

Friction and shear forces, as well as moisture between the human skin and textiles are critical factors in the formation of skin injuries such as blisters, abrasions and decubitus. This study investigated how epidermal hydration affects the friction between skin and textiles.The friction between the inner forearm and a hospital fabric was measured in the natural skin condition and in different hydration states using a force plate. Eleven males and eleven females rubbed their forearm against the textile on the force plate using defined normal loads and friction movements. Skin hydration and viscoelasticity were assessed by corneometry and the suction chamber method, respectively.In each individual, a highly positive linear correlation was found between skin moisture and friction coefficient (COF). No correlation was observed between moisture and elasticity, as well as between elasticity and friction. Skin viscoelasticity was comparable for women and men. The friction of female skin showed significantly higher moisture sensitivity. COFs increased typically by 43% (women) and 26% (men) when skin hydration varied between very dry and normally moist skin. The COFs between skin and completely wet fabric were more than twofold higher than the values for natural skin rubbed on a dry textile surface.Increasing skin hydration seems to cause gender-specific changes in the mechanical properties and/or surface topography of human skin, leading to skin softening and increased real contact area and adhesion.
Effect of UV-B radiation on seed germination, plant height, foliage and seed yield of soybean (Glicine max L. Merrill) (2007)

The present investigation describes the effect of UV-B rays on the morphological characters (seed germination, plant height, number of foliage per plant) and seed yield of Glycine max (Cv. JS 335 and Y 9040). For this purpose, Glycine max seeds were germinated after irradiating with UV-B radiation at various time durations viz., 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min, and 25min. Results demonstrated that the seed germination decreased with increase in duration of UV-B treatment However, a significant improvement in plant height of both the soybean cultivars was registered after 5min and 15min UV treatments. Similarly 15min and 20min UV treatments also considerably enhanced the foliage and seed weight of both the cultivars.
Treatment of Tourette's Syndrome with Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): A Randomized Crossover Trial (2002)

Anecdotal reports in Tourette's syndrome (TS) have suggested that marijuana (cannabis sativa) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC), the major psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, reduce tics and associated behavioral disorders. We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover single-dose trial of Delta(9)-THC (5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 mg) in 12 adult TS patients. Tic severity was assessed using a self-rating scale (Tourette's syndrome Symptom List, TSSL) and examiner ratings (Shapiro Tourette's syndrome Severity Scale, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, Tourette's syndrome Global Scale). Using the TSSL, patients also rated the severity of associated behavioral disorders. Clinical changes were correlated to maximum plasma levels of THC and its metabolites 11-hydroxy-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH). Using the TSSL, there was a significant improvement of tics (p=0.015) and obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCB) (p = 0.041) after treatment with Delta(9)-THC compared to placebo. Examiner ratings demonstrated a significant difference for the subscore "complex motor tics" (p = 0.015) and a trend towards a significant improvement for the subscores "motor tics" (p = 0.065), "simple motor tics" (p = 0.093), and "vocal tics" (p = 0.093). No serious adverse reactions occurred. Five patients experienced mild, transient side effects. There was a significant correlation between tic improvement and maximum 11-OH-THC plasma concentration. Results obtained from this pilot study suggest that a single-dose treatment with Delta(9)-THC is effective and safe in treating tics and OCB in TS. It can be speculated that clinical effects may be caused by 11-OH-THC. A more long-term study is required to confirm these results.
Sperm health in the aging male. (2006)

As couples initiate their reproductive processes later and later in life and as many men remarry younger women and then begin to have second families, it is not unusual to see men in their 6th to 7th decades of life contemplate fatherhood. One concern that comes to mind is whether the testes from these “middle aged” and “elderly” men have the same reproductive capability as those in younger men and whether the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities related to the sperm is increased. This is not an uncommon question by patients themselves, who ask their fertility specialist, “Are my sperm healthy?” and “Will my sperm induce a birth defect?”
Identification of a second protein encoded by influenza C virus RNA segment 6 (1994)

Influenza C virus matrix protein (M1) is encoded by a spliced mRNA derived from RNA segment 6. Unspliced mRNA from this RNA segment, which has not been previously identified, can potentially encode a polypeptide that contains an additional 132 amino acids on the carboxy terminus of the M1 protein. Here the nucleotide sequences of RNA segment 6 of four influenza C strains, isolated in Japan between 1964 and 1988, were compared with the previously determined sequence of C/Ann Arbor/1/50. The results indicated that the deduced amino acid sequence of the carboxy-terminal 132 amino acid domain is conserved fairly well although it is more divergent than the M1 protein sequence. Examination of RNA segment 6-specific mRNAs also showed that unspliced mRNA is present, although in small quantities (approximately 13% of spliced mRNA), in influenza C virus-infected cells. To search for a polypeptide encoded by the unspliced mRNA, the extra carboxy-terminal domain was expressed in Escherichia coli as the glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, and rabbit immune serum was raised against the purified fusion protein. Immunoprecipitation experiments with this antiserum revealed that a previously unrecognized protein of apparent M(r) approximately 18,000, designated CM2, is synthesized in influenza C virus-infected cells.
금연광고에서 공포소구와 위선유도소구의 효과비교: 성별, 세대별, 소득계층별 효과비교 (2016)

흡연은 한번 습관을 갖게 되면 중독성으로 인하여 끊기 어렵다. 흡연의 폐해는 의학적으로나 사회적으로 수없이 많은 논의가 이루어져왔다. 여러 국가에서 금연을 위한 다양한 캠페인과 법적 제도적 장치도 강력하게 입법화되고 시행되고 있다. 그러나 무엇보다 중요한 것은 흡연자가 스스로 금연을 결심하고 행동으로 실천하도록 만드는 것이다. 이러한 점에서 흡연자의 금연을 결단하게 하고, 비흡연자의 흡연시도를 차단하는 효과적인 금연캠페인 전개의 필요성과 중요성은 아무리 강조해도 지나치지 않는다. 현재까지 국내는 물론 국외에서 가장 많이 집행하고 있는 금연캠페인은 주로 흡연의 폐해를 무섭게 표현하는 공포소구광고이다. 본 연구는 금연캠페인의 새로운 대안으로서, 위선유도(Induced Hypocrisy)형식을 활용한 광고가 흡연자의 광고태도, 금연태도, 금연의 향 등에 미치는 효과를 살펴보고, 이를 공포소구(fear appeal)광고와 비교하여 분석하였다. 위선유도는 사람들에게 특정 사안에 대해 지지하는 태도를 확인한 뒤, 해당사안에 위반하는 행동을 했다는 사실을 상기시켜 인지부조화를 유도하는 방식이다. 이러한 인지부조화로 인한 심리적 불편함은 태도나 행동의 변화를 통해 해소시킬 수 있다. 연구결과 위선유도형식광고가 흡연자의 금연태도와 금연의지에 미치는 영향은 매우 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 흡연자의 금연의지는 비록 통계적으로 유의미한 수준은 아니지만 위선유도형식광고가 공포소구광고보다 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 금연캠페인에서 위선유도형식광고가 공포소구광고 이외의 새로운 대안이 될 수 있음을 보여주고 있다. 성별과 세대별 분석에서 유의미한 차이는 아니지만, 여성이 남성보다, 장년층이 청년층보다 금연태도와 금연의지가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그 이외에 금연광고에 대한 이론적, 실무적 함의가 논의되었다.
Rapamycin-modulated transcription defines the subset of nutrient-sensitive signaling pathways directly controlled by the Tor proteins (1999)

The immunosuppressant rapamycin inhibits Tor1p and Tor2p (target of rapamycin proteins), ultimately resulting in cellular responses characteristic of nutrient deprivation through a mechanism involving translational arrest. We measured the immediate transcriptional response of yeast grown in rich media and treated with rapamycin to investigate the direct effects of Tor proteins on nutrient-sensitive signaling pathways. The results suggest that Tor proteins directly modulate the glucose activation and nitrogen discrimination pathways and the pathways that respond to the diauxic shift (including glycolysis and the citric acid cycle). Tor proteins do not directly modulate the general amino acid control, nitrogen starvation, or sporulation (in diploid cells) pathways. Poor nitrogen quality activates the nitrogen discrimination pathway, which is controlled by the complex of the transcriptional repressor Ure2p and activator Gln3p. Inhibiting Tor proteins with rapamycin increases the electrophoretic mobility of Ure2p. The work presented here illustrates the coordinated use of genome-based and biochemical approaches to delineate a cellular pathway modulated by the protein target of a small molecule.
Characterization of Sulfated Oligosaccharides in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIA by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2006)

Heparan sulfate is a linear glycosaminoglycan with considerable structural diversity that binds a myriad of growth factors and proteins that play pivotal roles in a variety of biological processes. We have investigated the structural complexity of partially degraded fragments of heparan sulfate in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA in which there is a defect in heparan sulfate catabolism. Mono- to hexadecasaccharides were isolated from the urine of a mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA patient and shown to have non-reducing end glucosamine N-sulfate residues, reflecting the catabolic deficiency in heparan N-sulfatase (sulfamidase) activity. The use of nitrous acid digestion (pH 1.5) combined with separation by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and analysis by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry identified multiple forms of these oligosaccharides with some N-acetylated glucosamine residues and one to three sulfates per disaccharide. Furthermore, we demonstrated that each oligosaccharide existed in multiple sulfated forms. Many structural isomers were present, suggesting a complex mixture of oligosaccharides present in the urine as a consequence of a defect in heparan sulfate degradation.
Studies on Aromatic Sesquiterpenes. XI. Synthesis of 7-Isopropyl-3,5-dimethyl-1-naphthol (1989)

Abstract Starting from m-cresol, the title new naphthol was synthesized through 4-methyl-3-(2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)pentanoic acid as a key intermediate.
Gliomas: Histopathologic Evaluation of Changes in Directionality and Magnitude of Water Diffusion at Diffusion-Tensor MR Imaging (2006)

FA is better than mean diffusivity for assessment and delineation of different degrees of pathologic changes (ie, TI) in glioma.
Identification of Cyclophilin B‐derived Peptides Capable of Inducing Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen‐A2‐restricted and Tumor‐specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (2001)

We recently suggested that cyclophilin B (Cyp-B) is a tumor antigen recognized by histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In this study, we tried to identify Cyp-B-derived epitopes, which can induce HLA-A2-restricted and tumor-specific CTLs in cancer patients. The tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from an HLA-A0207 patient with colon cancer were found to respond to COS-7 cells when co-transfected with the Cyp-B gene and either HLA-A0201, -A0206, or -A0207 cDNA. These TILs contained CTLs capable of recognizing either the Cyp-B(129 - 138) or the Cyp-B(172 - 179) peptide among 28 different peptides, all of which were prepared based on the HLA-A2 binding motif. Both Cyp-B peptides possessed the ability to induce tumor-specific CTLs in HLA-A2(+) cancer patients. Cyp-B(172 - 180 (V)), which is a 9-mer peptide with valine added at the C terminus, showed no clear superiority over the parental Cyp-B(172 - 179) peptide in an in vitro sensitization experiment. In vitro-sensitized T cells with these peptides responded to cancer cells in an HLA-A2-restricted manner. These two Cyp-B peptides could be useful for specific immunotherapy of HLA-A2(+) cancer patients.
Transfer of yeast artificial chromosomes from yeast to mammalian cells (1991)

Human DNA can be cloned as yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), each of which contains several hundred kilobases of human DNA. This DNA can be manipulated in the yeast host using homologous recombination and yeast selectable markers. In relatively few steps it is possible to make virtually any change in the cloned human DNA from single base pair changes to deletions and insertions. In order to study the function of the cloned DNA and the effects of the changes made in the yeast, the human DNA must be transferred back into mammalian cells. Recent experiments indicate that large genes can be transferred from the yeast host to mammalian cells in tissue culture and that the genes are transferred intact and are expressed. Using the same methods it may soon be possible to transfer YAC DNA into the mouse germ line so that the expression and function of genes cloned in YACs can be studied in developing and adult mammalian animals.