gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration and functional analysis of IL-10 receptors in human epidermal cells: decreased expression in psoriatic skin, down-modulation by IL-8, and up-regulation by an antipsoriatic glucocorticosteroid in normal cultured keratinocytes (1997)

The chronic skin disease psoriasis is characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation and inflammation. The exact etiology of the disease is still unknown. At the molecular level, overexpression of growth factors and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8 and the corresponding receptor has been described in psoriatic plaques. On the other hand, the loss of inhibitory control mechanisms is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, as exemplified by the reduced mRNA levels for the cell cycle inhibitor p53 found in lesional skin. Here we extend these findings to a cytokine with negative regulatory functions, IL-10. Only under certain conditions are human keratinocytes able to synthesize IL-10. In skin, pathological overexpression of IL-10 was described om atopic dermatitis. IL-10 exerts its effects via a specific receptor (IL-10R). We show here for the first time the presence and functionality of IL-10R in epidermal cells and its dramatically decreased expression in acute exanthematic psoriatic epidermis by in vitro and in situ binding studies. These results were substantiated using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, demonstrating decreased expression of the IL-10R gene in psoriatic skin, its down-modulation by the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8, and its pharmacological induction in cultured cells. Biological responsiveness of epidermal cells toward IL-10 could also be demonstrated by a reduction of the growth rate and inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced HLA-DR expression. Our results provide the first evidence for a role of the IL-10R gene in the homeostasis of the epidermis and substantiate the concept of a loss of negative regulatory peptides as a step in the eruption of psoriasis.
Photoinitiated block copolymer formation using dithiocarbamate free radical chemistry (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoinitiated block copolymer formation using dithiocarbamate free radical chemistryS. Richard Turner and Richard W. BlevinsCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 6, 1856–1859Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00208a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00208a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influenza Virology: Current Topics (2006)

each segment of the influenza genome to the virus’s overall activity. They note that, although the synthesis of viral RNA is well understood, less is known about genome replication (despite recent advances). Whittaker and Digard survey target cell entry and intracellular virus transport and highlight recent developments and differences between influenzaviruses. Important ion channels (such as M2) and potential new target sites for antiviral drugs are detailed by Lamb and Pinto. In their overview of influenzavirus interactions and methods for determining specificity (including a mention of sialyloligosaccharides with a2‐3 and a2‐6 receptors) and host range, Matrosovich et al. explain the differences between avian and human susceptibilities to the newer avian influenzavirus strains. Legge and Braciale describe induction and regulation of adaptive immune responses in dendritic cells following influenzavirus infection. La Gruta and Doherty present a qualitative and quantitative characterization of CD8 + T cells in immunity to influenza.
Detection of high-impedance faults. Final report (1982)

High impedance faults usually involve one or two phases of a three phase distribution system. As a consequence, system current unbalance will change during a fault. A statistical algorithm for the detection of high impedance faults was developed based on changes in sequence current unbalance. Staged fault tests were combined with measurements of unfaulted system normal operations to test the algorithm. A Chi-squared test statistic is formed by measuring the sequence current unbalance of the first, third and fifth harmonics. Under balanced conditions the fundamental contains only positive sequence, the third contains only zero sequence, and the fifth contains only negative sequence. In the proposed method, the remaining two sequences are normalized with respect to the fundamental primary sequence and compared statistically to the past history of sequence unbalance. If an abnormal unbalance is present, it is flagged as a possible high impedance fault. The method requires a real time estimation of the normalized sequence current statistics. This will most likely require a microprocessor based device. Similar techniques have been proposed for digital relaying schemes and the proposed method for the detection of high impedance faults could most likely be incorporated into an overall digital relaying scheme.
Assessment of fully automated antibody homology modeling protocols in molecular operating environment (2014)

The success of antibody-based drugs has led to an increased demand for predictive computational tools to assist antibody engineering efforts surrounding the six hypervariable loop regions making up the antigen binding site. Accurate computational modeling of isolated protein loop regions can be quite difficult; consequently, modeling an antigen binding site that includes six loops is particularly challenging. In this work, we present a method for automatic modeling of the FV region of an immunoglobulin based upon the use of a precompiled antibody x-ray structure database, which serves as a source of framework and hypervariable region structural templates that are grafted together. We applied this method (on common desktop hardware) to the Second Antibody Modeling Assessment (AMA-II) target structures as well as an experimental specialized CDR-H3 loop modeling method. The results of the computational structure predictions will be presented and discussed.
Aberrant Regulation of Synovial T Cell Activation by Soluble Costimulatory Molecules in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2006)

T cell activation and function are critically regulated by positive and negative costimulatory molecules. Aberrant expression and function of costimulatory molecules have been associated with persistent activation of self-reactive T cells in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, initial analysis of costimulatory molecules led to the unexpected observation that, in addition to CD80, several negative regulators (e.g., CTLA-4, programmed death-1 (PD-1), and PD ligand-1) were overexpressed in synovial T cells and macrophages derived from RA patients as opposed to controls. The expression of CD80 and PD ligand-1 on monocytes could be induced in vitro by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha that were produced abundantly in RA-derived synovial fluid (SF). Furthermore, the soluble form of negative costimulatory molecules occurred at high concentrations in sera and SF of RA patients and correlated with titers of rheumatoid factor in RA patients. In particular, the levels of soluble PD-1 were found to correlate significantly with those of TNF-alpha in SF derived from RA patients. Detailed characterization of soluble PD-1 revealed that it corresponded to an alternative splice variant (PD-1Deltaex3) and could functionally block the regulatory effect of membrane-bound PD-1 on T cell activation. Our data indicate a novel pathogenic pathway in which overexpression of negative costimulatory molecules to restrict synovial inflammation in RA is overruled by the excessive production of soluble costimulatory molecules.
Genomic mapping with I-Ceu I, an intron-encoded endonuclease specific for genes for ribosomal RNA, in Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and other bacteria. (1993)

Construction of physical maps of genomes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis requires enzymes which cut the genome into an analyzable number of fragments; most produce too many fragments. The enzyme I-Ceu I, encoded by a mobile intron in the chloroplast 23S ribosomal RNA (rrl) gene of Chlamydomonas eugametos, cuts a 26-bp site in the rrl gene. This enzyme digests DNA of Salmonella typhimurium at seven sites, each corresponding to one of the rrl genes of the rrn operons, but at no other site. These seven fragments were located on the previously determined Xba I physical map, and the I-Ceu I sites, and thus the rrn genes of S. typhimurium, were mapped on the 4800-kb chromosome. Escherichia coli K-12 also yields seven fragments of sizes similar to those of S. typhimurium, indicating conservation of rrn genes and their location, and a chromosome size of 4600 kb. The sizes of the E. coli fragments are close to the size predicted from restriction maps and nucleotide sequence. The I-Ceu I maps of Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella paratyphi A, B, C, and Salmonella typhi were deduced after digesting genomic DNA and I-Ceu I and probing with DNA of S. typhimurium; the data indicated strong conservation of rrn gene number and position and genome sizes up to 4950 kb. Digestion of DNA of other bacteria (species of Haemophilus, Neisseria, Proteus, and Pasteurella) suggested that only rrn genes are cut in all these species. I-Ceu I digestion followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is a powerful tool for determining genome structure and evolution.
Influence of white cell count on surgical decision making in patients with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. (1995)

The WCC did not significantly influence surgical decision-making in the group of patients who were suspected of having acute appendicitis.
Reducing silicon-substrate parasitics of on-chip transformers (2003)

Three-terminal transformers have been fabricated on 20-/spl mu/m-deep silicon-oxide blocks formed in the silicon substrate. The thick isolation blocks drastically reduced the parasitics between the devices and the silicon substrate underneath. The quality factors and the self-resonant frequencies were thus increased by more than 100% and 70%, respectively. Such oxide blocks also greatly reduce the cross talk between adjacent devices by as much as 15 dB.
Direct recording of holograms by a CCD target and numerical reconstruction (1994)

The principle of recording holograms directly on a CCD target is described. A real image of the object is reconstructed from the digitally sampled hologram by means of numerical methods.
New approaches of B-cell-directed therapy: beyond rituximab (2008)

The value of certain B-cell-depletion therapies as well as other therapies modulating B-cell functions needs to be further delineated, especially in the therapeutic regimen of rheumatoid arthritis, specific collagen vascular diseases and vasculitis. Long-term observations of protective immunity are also needed to further evaluate the rate of infections.
Controlling Epithelial Polarity: A Human Enteroid Model for Host-Pathogen Interactions (2019)

Human enteroids-epithelial spheroids derived from primary gastrointestinal tissue-are a promising model to study pathogen-epithelial interactions. However, accessing the apical enteroid surface is challenging because it is enclosed within the spheroid. We developed a technique to reverse enteroid polarity such that the apical surface everts to face the media. Apical-out enteroids maintain proper polarity and barrier function, differentiate into the major intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) types, and exhibit polarized absorption of nutrients. We used this model to study host-pathogen interactions and identified distinct polarity-specific patterns of infection by invasive enteropathogens. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium targets IEC apical surfaces for invasion via cytoskeletal rearrangements, and Listeria monocytogenes, which binds to basolateral receptors, invade apical surfaces at sites of cell extrusion. Despite different modes of entry, both pathogens exit the epithelium within apically extruding enteroid cells. This model will enable further examination of IECs in health and disease.
Self-Assembled Carbon Nanotube Honeycomb Networks Using a Butterfly Wing Template as a Multifunctional Nanobiohybrid (2013)

Insect wings have many unique and complex nano/microstructures that are presently beyond the capabilities of any current technology to reproduce them artificially. In particular, Morpho butterflies are an attractive type of insect because their multifunctional wings are composed of nano/microstructures. In this paper, we show that carbon nanotube-containing composite adopts honeycomb-shaped networks when simply self-assembled on Morpho butterfly wings used as a template. The unique nano/microstructure of the composites exhibits multifunctionalities such as laser-triggered remote-heating, high electrical conductivity, and repetitive DNA amplification. Our present study highlights the important progress that has been made toward the development of smart nanobiomaterials for various applications such as digital diagnosis, soft wearable electronic devices, photosensors, and photovoltaic cells.
An experimental model of preretinal neovascularization in the rabbit. (1991)

Although progressive retinal neovascularization is a potentially blinding complication of several diseases, there are no good animal models. The authors developed a consistent model of preretinal neovascularization in the rabbit by partially digesting the posterior vitreous with repeated injection and aspiration of 1 IU of hyaluronidase before injection of 250,000 homologous dermal fibroblasts. The evolution of the new preretinal vessels was monitored by indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography. A grading system was devised using fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms to describe the progression of new vessel growth and the extent of fluorescein leakage. Ninety-five percent of the eyes had vascular enlargement and hyperemia but no fluorescein leakage by day 1. Fifteen percent of the eyes had clinically evident new preretinal vessels, and 32% had severe fluorescein leakage by day 7. Ninety-five percent of the eyes had definite neovascularization by day 14. Severe fluorescein leakage peaked at day 14 (55% of the eyes) and decreased thereafter. Involution or atrophy of the vessels occurred in all eyes by day 42. This model will be useful for studying the pathogenesis of preretinal neovascularization and evaluating potential treatments for its prevention.
Expression, epitope analysis, and functional role of the LFA-2 antigen detectable on neoplastic mast cells (2001)

Recent data suggest that mast cells (MCs) in patients with systemic mastocytosis or mast cell leukemia express a CD2-reactive antigen. To explore the biochemical nature and function of this antigen, primary MCs as well as the MC line HMC-1 derived from a patient with mast cell leukemia were examined. Northern blot experiments revealed expression of CD2 messenger RNA in HMC-1, whereas primary nonneoplastic MCs did not express transcripts for CD2. In cell surface staining experiments, bone marrow (BM) MCs in systemic mastocytosis (n = 12) as well as HMC-1 cells (30%-80%) were found to express the T11-1 and T11-2 (but not T11-3) epitopes of CD2. By contrast, BM MCs in myelodysplastic syndromes and nonhematologic disorders (bronchiogenic carcinoma, foreskin phimosis, uterine myeomata ) were consistently CD2(-). All MC species analyzed including HMC-1 were found to express LFA-3 (CD58), the natural ligand of CD2. To study the functional role of CD2 on neoplastic MCs, CD2(+) and CD2(-) HMC-1 cells were separated by cell sorting. CD2(+) HMC-1 cells were found to form spontaneous aggregates and rosettes with sheep erythrocytes in excess over CD2(-) cells, and a T11-1 antibody inhibited both the aggregation and rosette formation. Moreover, exposure of CD2(+) HMC-1 cells to T11-1 or T11-2 antibody was followed by expression of T11-3. In addition, stimulation of neoplastic MCs through T11-3 and a second CD2 epitope resulted in histamine release. These data show that neoplastic MCs express functionally active CD2. It is hypothesized that expression of CD2 is associated with pathologic accumulation and function of MCs in systemic mastocytosis.
Safety and Efficacy of Omacor in Severe Hypertriglyceridemia (1997)

Four capsules of Omacor per day markedly decreased triglyceride concentrations in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. The availability of a potent and safe omega-3 fatty acid preparation for this patient population should diminish the risk for acute pancreatitis, and may also reduce the long-term risk for cardiovascular disease.
West Nile Virus Replication Requires Fatty Acid Synthesis but Is Independent on Phosphatidylinositol-4-Phosphate Lipids (2011)

West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurovirulent mosquito-borne flavivirus, which main natural hosts are birds but it also infects equines and humans, among other mammals. As in the case of other plus-stranded RNA viruses, WNV replication is associated to intracellular membrane rearrangements. Based on results obtained with a variety of viruses, different cellular processes have been shown to play important roles on these membrane rearrangements for efficient viral replication. As these processes are related to lipid metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, as well as generation of a specific lipid microenvironment enriched in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P), has been associated to it in other viral models. In this study, intracellular membrane rearrangements following infection with a highly neurovirulent strain of WNV were addressed by means of electron and confocal microscopy. Infection of WNV, and specifically viral RNA replication, were dependent on fatty acid synthesis, as revealed by the inhibitory effect of cerulenin and C75, two pharmacological inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, a key enzyme of this process. However, WNV infection did not induce redistribution of PI4P lipids, and PI4P did not localize at viral replication complex. Even more, WNV multiplication was not inhibited by the use of the phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase inhibitor PIK93, while infection by the enterovirus Coxsackievirus B5 was reduced. Similar features were found when infection by other flavivirus, the Usutu virus (USUV), was analyzed. These features of WNV replication could help to design specific antiviral approaches against WNV and other related flaviviruses.
Bifunctional Multidentate Ligand Modified Highly Stable Water-Soluble Quantum Dots (2010)

We have designed and synthesized a multidentate polymer ligand used for water-solubilization of luminescent quantum dots (QDs). The synthesis of the multidentate ligand (PAA-g-MEA) was based on several thiol groups grafted to a linear polymer chain through a simple carboxy-amine coupling reaction between poly(acryl acid) (PAA) and mercaptoethylamine (MEA). Water-soluble QDs capped with these PAA-g-MEA ligands were prepared via ligand exchange from the original hydrophobic ones. The resulting PAA-g-MEA capped water-soluble QDs with relatively small hydrodynamic diameters possess higher photoluminescence quantum yields than the initial hydrophobic QDs, extraordinary stability over extended periods of time and over a broad pH range (3-14), salt concentrations (up to saturated NaCl solution), and thermal treatment at 100 degrees C.
New biodegradable networks of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidinone) designed for controlled nonburst degradation in the vitreous body (1999)

Polymers of N-vinylpyrrolidinone (NVP) are known to have excellent biocompatibility when implanted in the vitreous body or used as a vitreous substitute. Although poly(NVP) is capable of absorbing relatively large amounts of water, it is not prone to hydrolysis. Yet intraocular degradation of several crosslinked poly(NVP) hydrogels has been reported recently, but some ambiguity remains about the exact mechanism of degradation of these materials. To date there is no biomaterial that combines the excellent intraocular biocompatibility on the one hand and controlled kinetics of degradation on the other hand. We attempted to design and prepare such materials through the chemical synthesis of a novel dimethacrylate crosslinker molecule. The essential feature of this molecule is that its core contains two carbonate groups, which are evidently susceptible to hydrolytic scission. We studied a series of 3-dimensional networks of poly(NVP), which were crosslinked by this molecule. This approach offers several advantages: the hydrolysis of the carbonate groups in the crosslinks leads to liberation of poly(NVP) and/or oligo(NVP) chains that can probably be cleared from the eye via phagocytosis; hydrolysis generates two alcohols and CO(2) (i.e., there is no catalytic burst effect); when these materials are implanted in dry form, swelling and degradation will progress from the exterior of the material toward its interior. Therefore, these materials can be designed such that surface degradation rather than bulk degradation occurs; the hydrolysis rate can be controlled via the crosslink density or through synthesis of other crosslink molecules with either more (>2) or less (1) carbonate groups or alternatively with one or more other labile groups. We report on the chemical synthesis of the crosslinker molecule, as well as the preparation and degradation of a series of poly(NVP)-based hydrogels in vitro and in vivo (rabbit eyes). We found that these materials indeed displayed excellent biocompatibility in the rabbit eye. Further, the experiments confirmed that degradation occurs without the burst effect. The results are in line with the idea that the rate of intraocular swelling and degradation depends on the crosslink density, but this is only a preliminary conclusion that must be strengthened by much more experimental work. Nonetheless, we foresee several applications of these or related materials in ophthalmology, for example, as biodegradable matrix materials for controlled drug delivery of ganciclovir in the vitreous body.