gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulated expression of foreign genes in mammalian cells under the control of coliphage T3 RNA polymerase and lac repressor. (1989)

Systems that stringently regulate the expression of individual genes within a complex genetic background have contributed greatly to the analysis of gene function. In this report the development of a highly regulated expression system in mammalian cells is described in which transcription of a foreign gene is mediated by the bacteriophage T3 RNA polymerase under the control of the Escherichia coli lac repressor. Rabbit kidney cell lines have been established that constitutively express the phage RNA polymerase and lac repressor. The two bacterial proteins regulate the transcription of the coding sequence of the firefly luciferase, which has been placed under the control of a T3 promoter/lac operator fusion. In the presence of the inducer isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside, efficient T3 polymerase-dependent transcription is observed, which is tightly repressed in the absence of inducer. Translation of the T3 transcripts can be mediated by vaccinia virus functions. The demonstration that a specific transcription activity can be regulated over a range of several orders of magnitude in higher eukaryotic cells by using a highly specific and nontoxic inducer has broad implications for a variety of studies.
Synthesis of carbon‐bridged N‐acetyl‐c‐lactosamine and derivatives (1995)

Abstract 4‐ C ‐Formyl‐2‐azidoglucopyranoside 12a , required for N ‐acetyl‐C‐lactosamine synthesis as electrophile, was obtained from thexyldimethylsilyl 2‐azido‐2‐deoxy‐glucopyranoside 3 via readily available 4‐ O ‐unprotected 6a and then 4‐C‐methylene derivative 8a in overall seven steps. Alternatively, regioselective silylation of 3 with tert ‐butyldimethylsilyl chloride gave 4‐ O ‐unprotected 6b which was transformed by a similar reaction sequence into 12a . In order to circumvent a Wittig reaction, 6a was transformed into triflate 13 the reaction of which with 4‐ C ‐cyano derivative 14 followed by reduction with DIBAH and base‐catalyzed isomerization also afforded 12a . Reaction of 12a with 1‐ C ‐lithiated 2‐phenylsul‐finyl‐ D ‐galactal 15 as nucleophile furnished C‐disaccharide intermediates 16a and 16b as diastereoisomers. Ensuing removal of the phenylsulfinyl group with Raney nickel and diastereospecific 2b‐hydrogen and 3b‐hydroxy transfer afforded β(1→4)‐connected N ‐acetyl‐C‐lactosamines 19a and 19b ; their structures were deduced from derivatives 20a, b and 21a, b on the basis of 1 H‐NMR data. Hydrogenolytic O ‐debenzylation of 19b afforded hydroxymethylene‐bridged N ‐acetyl‐C‐lactosamine 2b ′.
Design of a control system for acoustophoretic separation (2013)

This paper presents the design and implementation of an embedded digital control system for a novel acoustophoretic separation technique. Currently, there is a need for efficient separation technologies for multi-component liquid streams that eliminate waste, reduce the required energy and promote a sustainable environment. Our goal is to design, build, and test a high-frequency, high-power, and high-efficiency ultrasound driver for an acoustophoretic separator The device needs to be able to efficiently transfer electrical energy into acoustical energy with minimum losses and be able to drive the low impedance of a typical piezo-electric transducer. The proposed new platform technology provides an innovative solution that consists of a large volume flow rate acoustophoretic phase separator based on ultrasonic standing waves with the benefit of having no consumables, no generated waste, and a low cost of energy. The technology is efficient at removal of particles of greatly varying sizes, including separation of micron and sub-micron sized particles. The proposed embedded digital control system (drive system) utilizes a TMS320F28335 digital signal processor / controller chip [2] at its core.
[Side population cells and lung cancer stem cells]. (2012)

Side population (SP) cells are a rare subset of cells, which can be isolated by dual-wavelength flow cytometry because of their capacity to efflux Hoechst 33342, found in various tissues and cell lines that are highly enriched for stem cell activity. As recent studies have identified stem-cell-like SP cells in many lung cancer tissues and cell lines, this review is intended to find out the relationship between lung cancer SP cells and lung cancer stem cells.
Improving software diagnosability via log enhancement (2011)

Diagnosing software failures in the field is notoriously difficult, in part due to the fundamental complexity of trouble-shooting any complex software system, but further exacerbated by the paucity of information that is typically available in the production setting. Indeed, for reasons of both overhead and privacy, it is common that only the run-time log generated by a system (e.g., syslog) can be shared with the developers. Unfortunately, the ad-hoc nature of such reports are frequently insufficient for detailed failure diagnosis. This paper seeks to improve this situation within the rubric of existing practice. We describe a tool, LogEnhancer that automatically enhances existing logging code to aid in future post-failure debugging. We evaluate LogEnhancer on eight large, real-world applications and demonstrate that it can dramatically reduce the set of potential root failure causes that must be considered during diagnosis while imposing negligible overheads.
Minimum redundancy feature selection from microarray gene expression data (2004)

Selecting a small subset of genes out of the thousands of genes in microarray data is important for accurate classification of phenotypes. Widely used methods typically rank genes according to their differential expressions among phenotypes and pick the top-ranked genes. We observe that feature sets so obtained have certain redundancy and study methods to minimize it. Feature sets obtained through the minimum redundancy - maximum relevance framework represent broader spectrum of characteristics of phenotypes than those obtained through standard ranking methods; they are more robust, generalize well to unseen data, and lead to significantly improved classifications in extensive experiments on 5 gene expressions data sets.
Effects on Bone In Vitro of Bovine Parathyroid Hormone and Synthetic Fragments Representing Residues 1–34, 2–34 and 3–34 (1976)

The biological activities of bovine parathyroid hormone (BPTH) and fragments comprising portions of its amino-terminal sequence have been compared in three different assay systems using embryonic rat bone in vitro. Whereas the 3-34 fragment was without significant activity the 1-34 fragment caused all the actions characteristic of BPTH 1-84, extending to bone previous evidence that the amino-terminal residues are sufficient for expression of the biological effects of intact parathyroid hormone. However, the relative potencies of the fragment and the intact hormone were different in the various systems. BPTH 1-34 showed relatively low osteolytic activity and induced anabolic effects in both osteoblasts and cartilage cells of cultivated embryonic mouse radii which were not evoked by the intact hormone. Further work is required to determine the mechanisms responsible for these interesting alterations in relative potency of fragment and native hormone.
File transfer protocol (FTP) (1985)

This memo is the official specification of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Distribution of this memo is unlimited. The following new optional commands are included in this edition of the specification: CDUP (Change to Parent Directory), SMNT (Structure Mount), STOU (Store Unique), RMD (Remove Directory), MKD (Make Directory), PWD (Print Directory), and SYST (System). Note that this specification is compatible with the previous edition. 1.
Interaural cross correlation in a sound field represented by spherical harmonics (2010)

Spatial impression is an important acoustic quality of concert halls. An accepted objective measure for spatial impression is the interaural cross-correlation (IACC) coefficient. Recently, spherical microphone arrays have been studied for room acoustics analysis and music recordings. This study presents a theoretical formulation for the computation of IACC using spherical-harmonics representations of the sound field, as measured by spherical microphone arrays, and spherical-harmonics representation of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), taken from HRTF databases. As spherical microphone arrays typically use a finite number of microphones, they may not be able to capture the complete spatial information in a sound field. Therefore, the effect of limited spherical-harmonics order on the accuracy of IACC approximation using the proposed method is studied using simulated and measured data. The method presented in this paper can be further used to study the effect of limited spatial information on the spatial perception of sound fields.
Om Bergman av Bergman och Bergman : [Sigge Bergman: Porträtt av en idrottsledare, av Mats Bergman och Anders Bergman] (2009)

Om Bergman av Bergman och Bergman : [Sigge Bergman: Portratt av en idrottsledare, av Mats Bergman och Anders Bergman]
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: utility of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging in the detection of cortical and subcortical lesions. (2000)

FLAIR improves the ability to diagnose and detect subcortical and cortical lesions in PRES as compared with proton density- and T2-weighted spin-echo images. We therefore believe that FLAIR should be performed in patients with suspected PRES to allow more confident recognition of the often subtle imaging abnormalities.
A Drosophila phospholipase C gene that is expressed in the central nervous system (1991)

A Drosophila phospholipase C (PLC) gene, designated as plc-21, was isolated by screening a genomic DNA library using a cDNA for a previously isolated Drosophila PLC gene, norpA, as probe under reduced stringency hybridization conditions. The gene maps to 21C on the left arm of the second chromosome. Two proteins of 1305 and 1312 amino acids, respectively, were deduced from two classes of cDNA which were isolated. The two putative plc-21 proteins are similar in sequence and overall structure to the beta-class of PLCs found in mammals and differ from each other only by 7 amino acid residues that are present near the C terminus of one of the proteins but not the other. Hybridization of plc-21 cDNA probes to blots of poly(A)+ RNA revealed that the gene encodes a 7.0-kilobase transcript that could be detected in the head but not in the body of adult flies and a 5.6-kilobase transcript that could be detected throughout development and in both heads and bodies of adults. In situ hybridization of cDNA sequences to tissue sections showed that the gene is expressed in the neuronal cell bodies of the optic lobe, central brain, and thoracic ganglia of adults and the brain of larvae. This tissue distribution of plc-21 transcripts is identical to the distribution of transcripts from a Drosophila Go alpha-subunit gene that we reported previously.
Glyphosate inhibits rust diseases in glyphosate-resistant wheat and soybean (2005)

Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide used for the control of weeds in glyphosate-resistant crops. Glyphosate inhibits 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate synthase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants, fungi, and bacteria. Studies with glyphosate-resistant wheat have shown that glyphosate provided both preventive and curative activities against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and Puccinia triticina, which cause stripe and leaf rusts, respectively, in wheat. Growth-chamber studies demonstrated wheat rust control at multiple plant growth stages with a glyphosate spray dose typically recommended for weed control. Rust control was absent in formulation controls without glyphosate, dependent on systemic glyphosate concentrations in leaf tissues, and not mediated through induction of four common systemic acquired resistance genes. A field test with endemic stripe rust inoculum confirmed the activities of glyphosate pre- and postinfestation. Preliminary greenhouse studies also demonstrated that application of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybeans suppressed Asian soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi.
Deletion analysis resolves cell‐binding and lytic domains of the Pasteurella leukotoxin (1990)

Summary A series of internal deletions in the IktA gene of Pasteurella haemofytica has been constructed. All of the deletions eliminated the lytic activity of the leukotoxin towards the bovine lymphoma cell line, BL‐3. Deletions removing segments of the amino‐proximal hydrophobic region, which is thought to constitute an essential membrane‐spanning domain, were found to agglutinate BL‐3 cells. Agglutination was similar to lysis by the wild‐type toxin in that it was dependent upon the presence of calcium and required expression of the lktC gene. The agglutinating deletion proteins protected BL‐3 cells from lysis by the wild‐type toxin in a competitive fashion. This suggests that these mutants bind to a surface feature of the leukocyte which interacts with the native leukotoxin. These findings demonstrate that the cell‐binding and lytic domains of the leukotoxin are separable.
Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery (2012)

Nanometer-scale polymeric materials are increasingly used to surmount the barriers faced by drugs and vaccines on their way to their site of action.
A New in Vivo and in Vitro B cell Lymphoma Model, π-BCL1 (2000)

We report a new variant of the BCL1 syngeneic mouse B-cell lymphoma model, which we have called pi-BCL1. pi-BCL1 can be established as a syngeneic tumor in BALB/c mice. Tumors can be removed, prepared and easily grown in liquid culture and subsequently transferred back successfully as syngeneic tumors. As a syngeneic tumor pi-BCL1 behave more like a lymphoma with solid tumor masses, than a chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of the original BCL1 model. The immunophenotype and the growth characteristics of the pi-BCL1 and BCL1 tumors appear very similar. Cytologically, pi-BCL1 appears to be a transformation from a small lymphocytic lymphoma to a more diffuse large cell centroblast-like higher-grade lymphoma. We are not aware of any previous reports of such transformation events in a syngeneic animal model of B cell lymphoma. We believe pi-BCL1 provides a useful new tool for the study of B cell lymphoma in vitro and in vivo and enables reduced numbers of tumor passage in mice.
Occupant Posture Analysis With Stereo and Thermal Infrared Video: Algorithms and Experimental Evaluation (2004)

Dynamic analysis of vehicle occupant posture is a key requirement in designing "smart airbag" systems. Vision-based technology could enable the use of precise information about the occupant's size, posture, and, in particular, position in making airbag-deployment decisions. Novel sensory systems and algorithms need to be developed for capture, analysis, and classification of dynamic video-based information for a new generation of safe airbags. This paper presents a systematic investigation in which stereo and thermal long-wavelength infrared video-based real-time vision systems are developed and systematically evaluated. It also includes the design of several test beds, including instrumented vehicles for systematic experimental studies for the evaluation of independent and comparative evaluation in automobiles. Results of extensive experimental trials suggest basic feasibility of stereo and thermal long-wavelength infrared video-based occupant position and posture-analysis system.
Feasibility of locating tumours in lung via kinaesthetic feedback (2008)

A sensing range of 0-2 N, with 0.01 N resolution, should allow a kinaesthetic palpation probe to resolve local tissue stiffness changes that suggest an underlying tumour.
SUN RGB-D: A RGB-D scene understanding benchmark suite (2015)

Although RGB-D sensors have enabled major break-throughs for several vision tasks, such as 3D reconstruction, we have not attained the same level of success in high-level scene understanding. Perhaps one of the main reasons is the lack of a large-scale benchmark with 3D annotations and 3D evaluation metrics. In this paper, we introduce an RGB-D benchmark suite for the goal of advancing the state-of-the-arts in all major scene understanding tasks. Our dataset is captured by four different sensors and contains 10,335 RGB-D images, at a similar scale as PASCAL VOC. The whole dataset is densely annotated and includes 146,617 2D polygons and 64,595 3D bounding boxes with accurate object orientations, as well as a 3D room layout and scene category for each image. This dataset enables us to train data-hungry algorithms for scene-understanding tasks, evaluate them using meaningful 3D metrics, avoid overfitting to a small testing set, and study cross-sensor bias.
Identification and Purification of Functional Human β-cells by a New Specific Zinc-fluorescent Probe (2001)

Pancreatic beta-cells contain large amounts of zinc. We took advantage of this to try to localize, quantify, and isolate insulin-producing cells from islet preparations. Our study was designed to identify a non-toxic zinc-sensitive fluorescent probe able to selectively label labile zinc in viable beta-cells and to exhibit excitation and emission wavelengths in the visible spectrum, making this technique exploitable by most instruments. We tested Newport Green, a probe excitable at 485 nm with a dissociation constant in the micromolar range corresponding to a low affinity for zinc. The loading of the lipophilic esterified form of Newport Green was easy, rapid, specific, and non-toxic to cells. Confocal microscopy highlighted an intense fluorescence associated with secretory granules. Regression analyses showed a good relationship between zinc fluorescence and islet number (r = 0.98) and between zinc fluorescence and insulin content (r = 0.81). The determination of Zn fluorescence per DNA enabled us to assess the quality of the different islet preparations intended for islet allografting in terms of both purity and viability. Cell sorting of dissociated Newport Green-labeled cells resulted in a clear separation of beta-cells, as judged by insulin content per DNA and immunocytochemical analysis. This zinc probe, the first able to specifically label living cells in the visible spectrum, appears very promising for beta-cell experimentation, both clinically and for basic research.
Biosynthesis and Export of Colicin A inCitrobacter freundiiCA31 (1981)

Synthesis of colicin A after induction with mitomycin C was studied. Specific inhibition of chromosomal protein synthesis occurred very shortly after mitomycin addition. There was no coordinate synthesis of colicin A (61000 Mr) and low-molecular-weight protein. Free and membrane-bound polysome fractions were isolated from cells induced with mitomycin C. Colicin A is synthesized in vitro in the free polysomes and not in the membrane-bound polysomes. Conditions are described which allow a practically specific labelling of colicin A in vivo. By using this system it was possible to demonstrate that colicin A is not transferred cotranslationally across the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast, this protein leaves the cell where it was made long after synthesis. Preliminary evidence, suggesting that pauses occur during synthesis of colicin A, is presented.
Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia and Incisional Pain (2001)

The chronic administration of opioids followed by abrupt cessation can lead to a state of hyperalgesia. In these studies we demonstrate that the hyperalgesia from opioid cessation and from hind paw incision are additive in rats. We suggest that failure to take into consideration preoperative opioid use can lead to excessive postoperative pain.
Expression of androgen receptor in breast cancer & its correlation with other steroid receptors & growth factors. (2012)

More studies on the expression profiles of AR+, AR+/CD105+ and AR+/EGFR- in larger set of breast cancer patients may possibly help in confirming their predictive role for therapeutic response in LABC patients.
Segment-specific and common nucleotide sequences in the noncoding regions of influenza B virus genome RNAs. (1987)

The nucleotide sequences of the 3' noncoding regions of all eight segments of influenza B virus RNA and the sequences of the 5' noncoding regions of segments 4-8 were determined in virus strains isolated over a period of 40 years. Nearly complete conservation of the noncoding sequences was found. Nine nucleotides at the 3' termini and 11 nucleotides at the 5' termini were common to all segments examined. In the region immediately adjacent to the common 3' terminal region, the nucleotides were specific for each segment and these segment-specific sequences were conserved in all strains examined. In each of the five segments in which both termini were examined, the segment-specific 3' sequences exhibited perfect inverted complementarity to a segment-specific sequence adjacent to the common 5' terminus. In addition, in the 3' noncoding region of RNA segments 1-3, which encode proteins involved in RNA synthesis, a single nucleotide substitution at position 10 was found that distinguishes these segments from segments 4-8. Comparison of these data with published reports has revealed that some of the features found in the noncoding regions of influenza B virus are also present in influenza A and C virus RNAs. In the RNAs of all three virus types, there is a segment-specific sequence of nucleotides near the 3' terminus that shows inverted complementarity to a sequence near the 5' terminus. This segment-specific sequence may play a role in the transcription of individual segments or in sorting of segments during virion assembly.
Significance of neuron-specific enolase levels before and during therapy for small cell lung cancer. (2000)

The level of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been implicated as a prognostic factor for patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A prospective evaluation was undertaken to assess the prognostic significance of pretreatment NSE and treatment-induced minimum NSE values in patients with SCLC. Patients from two Phase III North Central Cancer Treatment Group trials [one for patients with extensive stage SCLC and one for patients with limited stage SCLC] were asked to enter this laboratory correlational trial. Both trials included treatment with four to six cycles of etoposide and cisplatin, and 121 patients (71 extensive stage SCLC and 50 limited stage SCLC) were entered into the present study of NSE. Pretreatment NSE values and treatment-induced minimum NSE values were independent predictors of time to progression and survival in multivariate analysis. Hazard rate modeling allowed the formulation of specific relationships of NSE to time to progression and survival. Pretreatment NSE levels inversely correlated with time to progression and survival in these patients with SCLC. Pretreatment NSE accounted for 28% of the variance in survival. Both pretreatment NSE and treatment-induced minimum NSE were independent prognostic predictors of time to progression and survival.
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Classification and Typing Methods: an Overview (2011)

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main causes of hospital-acquired infections, but since late 1990s also the community-acquired. For better understanding of the S.aureus epidemiology there is an urgent need for creation of new typing method for SCCmec element. The molecular typing of MRSA for epidemiological purposes is investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing and the SCCmec type assignment. In last few years not only new type of SCCmec (VI to XI) have been identified, but also additional subtypes (i.e. IVg-j) and different variants of already existed one (i.e. 5C2&5 and 2B2&5) were discovered. The aim of this review is to briefly summarize current knowledge about SCCmec classification and to discuss advantages and disadvantages of selected SCCmec typing methods.