gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Tools and techniques for color image retrieval</title> (1996)

The growth of digital image and video archives is increasing the need for tools that effectively filter and efficiently search through large amounts of visual data. Towards this goal we propose a technique by which the color content of images and videos is automatically extracted to form a class of meta-data that is easily indexed. The color indexing algorithm uses the back- projection of binary color sets to extract color regions from images. This technique provides for both the automated extraction of regions and representation of their color content. It overcomes some of the problems with color histogram techniques such as high-dimensional feature vectors, spatial localization, indexing and distance computation. We present the binary color set back-projection technique and discuss its implementation in the VisualSEEk content- based image/video retrieval system for the World Wide Web. We also evaluate the retrieval effectiveness of the color set back-projection method and compare its performance to other color image retrieval methods.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated With Prednisone Alone or Mitoxantrone and Prednisone (1999)

Treatment with mitoxantrone plus prednisone was associated with greater and longer-lasting improvement in several HQL domains and symptoms than treatment with prednisone alone.
INDEX: a platform for determining how people value the quality of their Internet access (2002)

The continuing exponential growth of the Internet and the emergence of new time-critical applications have led to the integration of a large number of different services on the Internet. In the process, the question of how to efficiently allocate bandwidth as a scarce resource has become a crucial issue for the continued proliferation of these new services. Future growth depends on the division of services into quality-differentiated market segments and the pricing structure of each segment. Successful growth requires service providers to offer combinations of quality and price that match user needs, but to do this, providers must understand the structure of user demand. Such understanding is lacking at present. This paper describes a platform designed to obtain a basic understanding of how individuals value Internet usage when offered different quality-of-service (QoS) choices. The Internet Demand Experiment (INDEX) has two main objectives: (a) measurement of user demand for Internet access as a function of QoS, pricing structure and application; and (b) the demonstration of an end-to-end system that provides access to a diverse group of users at attractive price-quality combinations. The data being collected is expected to reveal the correlation between user application and service demand, how demand varies with user experience, and to what extent users form discrete market segments. This paper gives an overview of both the technology employed at INDEX and the goals of the experimental design.
A Wettability Switchable Surface Driven by Electrostatic Induced Surface Morphology Change Without Energy Interference On Reagents in Droplets (2006)

A novel surface wettability switchable device was successfully demonstrated by changing the surface morphology to induce contact angle change. The surface morphology transformation carried out from the deflection of thin PDMS membrane, driven by electrostatic force, can dynamically change the surface contact angle from 131 ° to 152 ° based on the contact area variation. The electrostatic energy can be throughout shielded out from droplets thanks to ground shielding effect. Since there is no direct physical or chemical (thermal, electrical, UV light etc.) interference from this actuation mean to biological solutions, the proposed method has great potential on microscale droplet transportation and is suitable to many applications especially digital fluidic systems.
Ultradeep Adsorption−Desulfurization of Gasoline with Ni/Al−SiO2 Material Catalytically Facilitated by Ethanol (2008)

Adsorptive desulfurization of low-sulfur (22 ppmw) gasoline on solids in a liquid-full (no hydrogen) fixed bed was conducted at 503 K. Addition of 3 wt % ethanol to gasoline increased significantly the adsorption rate of sulfur-containing hydrocarbons on Ni/Al−SiO2 and its sulfur capacity, leading to <0.5 ppmw residual sulfur with a sulfur capacity of 2 wt % (mass of sulfur per mass of sorbent). Three potential routes for improving desulfurization performance of Ni sorbent in the presence of ethanol and its decomposition products containing CO and hydrogen were considered: (i) formation of nickel carbide (Ni3C) phase with reactivity toward S-organic compounds higher than that of metallic nickel, (ii) reduction of carbon deposits in the presence of hydrogen, and (iii) formation of nickel sulfide nanoparticles in the presence of H2/H2S vs adsorbed sulfur/sulfur organics that block the surface of metallic nickel in the absence of EtOH (hydrogen). Catalyst characterization data (N2 adsorption, XRD, EDX, HRTEM, FTIR, XPS, AES depth profile analysis) indicated that the effect of ethanol on the desulfurization performance was a result of reduction of coke deposition and changing the sulfur uptake mode from adsorption to reactive adsorption with the formation of bulk nickel sulfide phases Ni3S2 and Ni3S4. This is facilitated by hydrogen produced from the catalytic decomposition of ethanol that participates in the desulfurization of S-organics and in the formation of nickel sulfide phases.
Iloprost enhances portal flow velocity and volume in patients with systemic sclerosis. (2006)

Hepatic perfusion significantly improved after Iloprost administration, suggesting that such treatment might be useful in preventing vascular complications in patients with systemic sclerosis. Iloprost improves the portal hemodynamics, favoring local microvascular patency, and its effectiveness may be safely monitored by using portal color Doppler ultrasonography.
Applications of Ontologies in Software Engineering (2006)

The emerging field of semantic web technologies promises new stimulus for Software Engineering research. However, since the underlying concepts of the semantic web have a long tradition in the knowledge engineering field, it is sometimes hard for software engineers to overlook the variety of ontology-enabled approaches to Software Engineering. In this paper we therefore present some examples of ontology applications throughout the Software Engineering lifecycle. We discuss the advantages of ontologies in each case and provide a framework for classifying the usage of ontologies in Software Engineering.
CIS display: In vitro selection of peptides from libraries of protein–DNA complexes (2004)

We describe the development of an in vitro library selection system (CIS display) that exploits the ability of a DNA replication initiator protein (RepA) to bind exclusively to the template DNA from which it has been expressed, a property called cis-activity. A diverse peptide library is created by ligation of DNA fragments of random sequence to a DNA fragment that encodes RepA. After in vitro transcription and translation, a pool of protein-DNA complexes is formed where each protein is stably associated with the DNA that encodes it. These complexes are amenable to the affinity selection of ligands to targets of interest. Here we show that RepA is a highly faithful cis-acting DNA-binding protein and demonstrate that libraries encoding >10(12) random 18-mer peptides can be constructed and used to isolate peptides that bind specifically to disparate targets. The use of DNA to encode the displayed peptides offers advantages over in vitro peptide display systems that use mRNA.
The Expression of MUC4 and MUC5AC Is Related to the Biologic Malignancy of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas (2006)

These results indicated that the expressions of MUC4 and MUC5AC are potential markers to distinguish adenoma or above malignant lesions of IPMNs from lesser malignant ones, respectively.
The Phage-Inducible Chromosomal Islands: A Family of Highly Evolved Molecular Parasites (2015)

The phage-inducible chromosomal islands (PICIs) are a family of highly mobile genetic elements that contribute substantively to horizontal gene transfer, host adaptation, and virulence. Initially identified in Staphylococcus aureus, these elements are now thought to occur widely in gram-positive bacteria. They are molecular parasites that exploit certain temperate phages as helpers, using a variety of elegant strategies to manipulate the phage life cycle and promote their own spread, both intra- and intergenerically. At the same time, these PICI-encoded mechanisms severely interfere with helper phage reproduction, thereby enhancing survival of the bacterial population. In this review we discuss the genetics and the life cycle of these elements, with special emphasis on how they interact and interfere with the helper phage machinery for their own benefit. We also analyze the role that these elements play in driving bacterial and viral evolution.
The landscape of histone modifications across 1% of the human genome in five human cell lines (2007)

We generated high-resolution maps of histone H3 lysine 9/14 acetylation (H3ac), histone H4 lysine 5/8/12/16 acetylation (H4ac), and histone H3 at lysine 4 mono-, di-, and trimethylation (H3K4me1, H3K4me2, H3K4me3, respectively) across the ENCODE regions. Studying each modification in five human cell lines including the ENCODE Consortium common cell lines GM06990 (lymphoblastoid) and HeLa-S3, as well as K562, HFL-1, and MOLT4, we identified clear patterns of histone modification profiles with respect to genomic features. H3K4me3, H3K4me2, and H3ac modifications are tightly associated with the transcriptional start sites (TSSs) of genes, while H3K4me1 and H4ac have more widespread distributions. TSSs reveal characteristic patterns of both types of modification present and the position relative to TSSs. These patterns differ between active and inactive genes and in particular the state of H3K4me3 and H3ac modifications is highly predictive of gene activity. Away from TSSs, modification sites are enriched in H3K4me1 and relatively depleted in H3K4me3 and H3ac. Comparison between cell lines identified differences in the histone modification profiles associated with transcriptional differences between the cell lines. These results provide an overview of the functional relationship among histone modifications and gene expression in human cells.
Ahead of schedule and under budget: the Genome Project passes its fifth birthday. (1995)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Sublytic concentrations of the membrane attack complex of complement induce endothelial interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 through nuclear factor-kappa B activation. (1997)

Activation of the complement cascade and subsequent assembly of the membrane attack complex (MAC) occur in a number of pathophysiological settings. When formed on the surface of endothelial cells in sublytic concentrations, the MAC can induce a number of proinflammatory activities, including the secretion of soluble mediators (eg, interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1) and the up-regulation of cell surface adhesion molecules. Available data indicate that MAC-induced cell activation may occur through several complex signal transduction pathways, but little is known about the intranuclear mechanisms by which complement-derived products promote the up-regulation of inflammatory mediators. Using purified distal complement proteins (C5-9) to assemble functional MAC on early-passage human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we examined mechanisms of MCP-1 and IL-8 induction. Formation of sublytic concentrations of MAC promoted an increase in nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B DNA binding activity within 60 minutes as determined by serial electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Cytosolic to nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B was confirmed by Western immunoblot and immunocytochemical analyses. Formation of the C5b-8 complex also promoted NF-kappa B translocation but to a lesser degree than observed in HUVECs containing complete MAC. No cytosolic to nuclear translocation of the p65 NF-kappa B subunit was observed in unstimulated HUVECs or in cells incubated with the MAC components devoid of C7. Preincubation of HUVECs with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate prevented MAC-induced increases in IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA concentrations and protein secretion. A direct cause and effect linkage between MAC assembly and NF-kappa B activation was established through examination of the pharmacological effect of the peptide SN50 on IL-8 and MCP-1 expression. SN50 is a recently engineered 26-amino-acid peptide that contains a lipophilic cell-membrane-permeable motif and a nuclear localization sequence that specifically competes with the nuclear localization sequence of the NF-kappa B p50 subunit. This study provides direct in vitro evidence that the distal complement system (MAC) can promote proinflammatory endothelial cell activation, specifically, increases in IL-8 and MCP-1 mRNA concentrations and protein secretion, and that cytosolic to nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B is necessary for this response.
The oxidation of hydroxamic acids (1966)

The oxidation of alkyl or benzyl N-hydroxycarbamate produced mainly the corresponding O-alkoxycarbonyl or O-benzoxycarbonyl N-hydroxycarbamates and small amounts of the corresponding trisubstituted hydroxylamines. The oxidation of sodium benzhydroxamate with iodine gave O-benzoyl benzhydroxamate; hydroxyurea and N-hydroxy-N′-phenylurea were similarly converted into N-carbamoyloxyurea and N-hydroxy-N′-phenyl-N-phenylcarbamoylurea, respectively. Oxidation of ethyl, n-propyl, and benzyl N-hydroxycarbamates or hydroxyurea of N-hydroxy-N-phenylurea with iodine in aqueous ammonium carbonate gave the corresponding carbamates, urea, or phenylurea. With silver oxide in ether, alkyl N-hydroxycarbamates and their O-alkoxycarbonyl derivatives yielded N-silver-N-alkoxycarbonyloxycarbamates; simulataneous oxidation of ethyl and benzyl N-hydroxycarbamates gave NO-di- and NNO-tri-substituted hydroxylamines in which the substituents were ethoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, or, possibly, ethyl and benzyl groups.
The chemopreventive properties of chlorogenic acid reveal a potential new role for the microsomal glucose-6-phosphate translocase in brain tumor progression (2006)

We illustrate a new G6PT function in glioma cells that could regulate the intracellular signalling and invasive phenotype of brain tumor cells, and that can be targeted by the anticancer properties of CHL.
Tolerability of sumatriptan: clinical trials and post-marketing experience (2000)

Through December 1998, sumatriptan had been used to treat more than 236 million migraine attacks world-wide. In clinical trials alone, more than 88000 migraine patients had treated more than 300000 migraine attacks with sumatriptan, and 2000 normal healthy volunteers had been exposed to the drug. This paper describes the safety and tolerability profile of sumatriptan in three sections: adverse events reported in clinical trials, special issues, and spontaneous post-marketing reports of adverse reactions. Data from the extensive clinical trials programme coupled with information from nearly 10 years of experience in clinical practice demonstrate that sumatriptan is generally well-tolerated, with an acceptable benefit-risk ratio when used properly. Significant cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events are rare but have been observed. This fact highlights the need for careful patient selection and vigilant adherence to the prescribing recommendations for sumatriptan. The wealth of clinical trials and post-marketing information for sumatriptan may be useful in guiding prescribing decisions for members of this class of drugs.
Spectral analysis of synthesized nanocrystalline aggregates of Er3+:Y2O3 (2007)

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of nanocrystalline aggregates of Y2O3 doped with Er3+ are reported between 8K and room temperature. The nanocrystalline particles were synthesized from a homogenous solution of the metal ions and urea at elevated temperatures in order to control the precipitation of the mixed hydroxides by a slow uniform reaction throughout the solution. The morphology of the calcinated materials revealed uniformly spherical aggregates 200nm or less depending on the ratio of the metal ions in the initial solution. Spectra obtained from these particles were analyzed in detail for the crystal-field splitting of the LJ2S+1 multiplet manifolds of Er3+(4f11) including the ground-state manifold I15∕24, and excited manifolds I9∕24, F9∕24, S3∕24, H11∕22, F7∕24, F5∕24, and F3∕24. Fluorescence lifetimes and results from an analysis of the intensities of manifold-to-manifold transitions are also reported. The sharp-line absorption and emission spectra are comparable to spectra reported earlier for Er3+:Y2O3 grown as large single crystals by a flame fusion method. The results described in the present study suggest that the simple, inexpensive method of preparation that is reported will lead to further investigation of these nanocrystals for their optical properties, especially in the near infrared region of the spectrum.
Real-Time 2-D Temperature Imaging Using Ultrasound (2009)

We have previously introduced methods for noninvasive estimation of temperature change using diagnostic ultrasound. The basic principle was validated both in vitro and in vivo by several groups worldwide. Some limitations remain, however, that have prevented these methods from being adopted in monitoring and guidance of minimally invasive thermal therapies, e.g., RF ablation and high-intensity-focused ultrasound (HIFU). In this letter, we present first results from a real-time system for 2-D imaging of temperature change using pulse-echo ultrasound. The front end of the system is a commercially available scanner equipped with a research interface, which allows the control of imaging sequence and access to the RF data in real time. A high-frame-rate 2-D RF acquisition mode, M2D, is used to capture the transients of tissue motion/deformations in response to pulsed HIFU. The M2D RF data is streamlined to the back end of the system, where a 2-D temperature imaging algorithm based on speckle tracking is implemented on a graphics processing unit. The real-time images of temperature change are computed on the same spatial and temporal grid of the M2D RF data, i.e., no decimation. Verification of the algorithm was performed by monitoring localized HIFU-induced heating of a tissue-mimicking elastography phantom. These results clearly demonstrate the repeatability and sensitivity of the algorithm. Furthermore, we present in vitro results demonstrating the possible use of this algorithm for imaging changes in tissue parameters due to HIFU-induced lesions. These results clearly demonstrate the value of the real-time data streaming and processing in monitoring, and guidance of minimally invasive thermotherapy.
Column Design in High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (1969)

Journal Article Column Design in High Pressure Liquid Chromatography Get access Csaba Horvath, Csaba Horvath Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. R. Lipsky S. R. Lipsky Physical Sciences Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 7, Issue 2, February 1969, Pages 109–116, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/7.2.109 Published: 01 February 1969 Article history Received: 30 October 1968 Published: 01 February 1969
Genetic selection for genes encoding sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. (1989)

We describe a genetic selection method designed to facilitate the cloning of genes encoding sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. The strategy selects for clones expressing particular sequence-specific DNA-binding activities from a library of clones encoding other, nonspecific proteins. Specific DNA-binding sites have been placed near the start of transcription of the strong synthetic conII promoter to create promoters that can be repressed by the corresponding sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Transcription from the conII derivatives in the absence of repression interferes with the phenotypic expression of an adjacent drug-resistance gene, aadA. Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins are shown to repress these promoters and alleviate transcriptional interference of aadA, resulting in drug resistance in cells expressing the appropriate DNA-binding protein.
Novel, Nonpeptidic Cyanamides as Potent and Reversible Inhibitors of Human Cathepsins K and L (2000)

Compounds containing a 1-cyanopyrrolidinyl ring were identified as potent and reversible inhibitors of cathepsins K and L. The original lead compound 1 inhibits cathepsins K and L with IC(50) values of 0. 37 and 0.45 M, respectively. Modification of compound 1 by replacement of the quinoline moiety led to the synthesis of N-(1-cyano-3-pyrrolidinyl)benzenesulfonamide (2). Compound 2 was found to be a potent inhibitor of cathepsins K and L with a K(i) value of 50 nM for cathepsin K. Replacement of the 1-cyanopyrrolidine of compound 2 by a 1-cyanoazetidine increased the potency of the inhibitor by 10-fold. This increase in potency is probably due to an enhanced chemical reactivity of the compound toward the thiolate of the active site of the enzyme. This is demonstrated when the assay is performed in the presence of glutathione at pH 7.0 which favors the formation of a GSH thiolate anion. Under these assay conditions, there is a loss of potency in the 1-cyanoazetidine series due to the formation of an inactive complex between the GSH thiolate and the 1-cyanoazetidine inhibitors. 1-Cyanopyrrolidinyl inhibitors exhibited time-dependent inhibition which allowed us to determine the association and dissociation rate constants with human cathepsin K. The kinetic data obtained showed that the increase of potency observed between different 1-cyanopyrrolidinyl inhibitors is due to an increase of k(on) values and that the association of the compound with the enzyme fits an apparent one-step mechanism. (13)C NMR experiments performed with the enzyme papain showed that compound 2 forms a covalent isothiourea ester adduct with the enzyme. As predicted by the kinetic analysis, the addition of the irreversible inhibitor E64 to the enzyme-cyanopyrrolidinyl complex totally abolished the signal of the isothiourea bond as observed by (13)C NMR, thereby demonstrating that the formation of the covalent bond with the active site cysteine residue is reversible. Finally, compound 2 inhibits bone resorption in an in vitro assay involving rabbit osteoclasts and bovine bone with an IC(50) value of 0.7 M. 1-Cyanopyrrolidine represents a new class of nonpeptidic compounds that inhibit cathepsin K and L activity and proteolysis of bone collagen.