gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunosuppression by the JAK3 Inhibitor CP-690,550 Delays Rejection and Significantly Prolongs Kidney Allograft Survival in Nonhuman Primates (2005)

Background. Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) mediates signal transduction from cytokine receptors using the common chain (γc). Because mutations in genes encoding γc or JAK3 result in immunodeficiency, we investigated the potential of a rationally designed inhibitor of JAK3, CP-690,550, to prevent renal allograft rejection in nonhuman primates. Methods. Life-supporting kidney transplantations were performed between mixed leukocyte reaction-mismatched, ABO blood group-matched cynomolgus monkeys. Animals were treated with CP-690,550 (n=18) or its vehicle (controls, n=3) and were euthanized at day 90 or earlier if there was allograft rejection. Results. Mean survival time (± standard error of mean) in animals treated with CP-690,550 (53±7 days) was significantly longer than in control animals (7±1 days, P=0.0003) and was positively correlated with exposure to the drug (r=0.79, P<0.01). Four treated animals were euthanized at 90 days with a normal renal function and low-grade rejection at final pathology. Occurrence of rejection was significantly delayed in treated animals (46±7 days from transplantation vs. 7±1 days in controls, P=0.0003). Persistent anemia, polyoma virus-like nephritis (n=2), and urinary calcium carbonate accretions (n=3) were seen in animals with high exposure. Natural killer cell and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell numbers were significantly reduced in treated animals. Blood glucose, serum lipid levels, and arterial blood pressure were within normal range in treated animals, and no cancers were demonstrated. Conclusions. CP-690,550 is the first reported JAK3 inhibitor combining efficacy and good tolerability in a preclinical model of allotransplantation in nonhuman primates and thus has interesting potential for immunosuppression in humans.
Regulation of Protein Export From the Endoplasmic Reticulum (1988)

Glycosylation . Fatty Acylation of Membrane Proteins Occurs Before They Leave the ER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Movement From the ER . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sound field calculation for rectangular sources (1989)

A method is presented for calculation of the sound field from a rectangular continuous-wave source surrounded by a plane grid baffle. The approach is illustrated for square sources of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100 lambda on a side. These results are compared to the sound fields produced by similarly sized circular sources. The beam widths and locations of on-axis minima are similar for the two sources, but the transverse pressure distribution is more uniform in the near-field of the square source. The effects of attenuation on the sound field of a square source are examined.
Intratumor distribution of 1p deletions in human colorectal adenocarcinoma is Commonly homogeneous (1998)

These data, acquired by FISH interphase cytogenetics, confirm that 1p deletions in colorectal adenocarcinoma are common and suggest that this structural chromosomal aberration occurs mainly as an early event in colorectal tumorigenesis.
Surface-immobilised antimicrobial peptoids (2008)

Surface modification techniques that create surfaces capable of killing adherent bacteria are promising solutions to infections associated with implantable medical devices. Antimicrobial (AM) peptoid oligomers (ampetoids) that were designed to mimic helical AM peptides were synthesised with a peptoid spacer chain to allow mobility and an adhesive peptide moiety for easy and robust immobilisation onto substrata. TiO(2) substrata were modified with the ampetoids and subsequently backfilled with an antifouling (AF) polypeptoid polymer in order to create polymer surface coatings composed of both AM (active) and AF (passive) peptoid functionalities. Confocal microscopy images showed that the membranes of adherent E. coli cells were damaged after 2-h exposure to the modified substrata, suggesting that ampetoids retain AM properties even when immobilised on substrata.
Body fluid determinations using multiple impedance measurements (1989)

It is shown that a significant potential for error exists when a single measurement from wrist to ankle is used to determine body water volume and percentage of body fat, and that by making measurements of multiple regions of the body (arms, legs, and trunk) a more accurate determination can be obtained. This concept is suggested by the results of multiple impedance measurements made on a group of 11 patients undergoing haemodialysis.
Clinical relevance of the neurotrophins and their receptors (2006)

The neurotrophins are growth factors required by discrete neuronal cell types for survival and maintenance, with a broad range of activities in the central and peripheral nervous system in the developing and adult mammal. This review examines their role in diverse disease states, including Alzheimer's disease, depression, pain and asthma. In addition, the role of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) in synaptic plasticity and memory formation is discussed. Unlike the other neurotrophins, BDNF is secreted in an activity-dependent manner that allows the highly controlled release required for synaptic regulation. Evidence is discussed which shows that sequestration of NGF (nerve growth factor) is able to reverse symptoms of inflammatory pain and asthma in animal models. Both pain and asthma show an underlying pathophysiology linked to increases in endogenous NGF and subsequent NGF-dependent increase in BDNF. Conversely, in Alzheimer's disease, there is a role for NGF in the treatment of the disease and a recent clinical trial has shown benefit from its exogenous application. In addition, reductions in BDNF, and changes in the processing and usage of NGF, are evident and it is possible that both NGF and BDNF play a part in the aetiology of the disease process. This highly selective choice of functions and disease states related to neurotrophin function, although in no way comprehensive, illustrates the importance of the neurotrophins in the brain, the peripheral nervous system and in non-neuronal tissues. Ways in which the neurotrophins, their receptors or agonists/antagonists may act therapeutically are discussed.
Reaction of aluminium alkoxides with various glycols and the layer structure of their products (1991)

The reaction of Al(OR)3(R = Pri or Bus) with glycols was examined. The XRD patterns and IR spectra of the products suggest that they have the layer structure of boehmite with the glycol moiety incorporated between its layers through covalent bonding. The crystallite size of the product increased in the following order (carbon number of glycol): 2 < 3 < 6 < 4. When butane-1,4-diol was used the crystallite size of the product was the largest. This order suggests that heterolytic cleavage of C–O bonds is the prime factor controlling the growth of the boehmite structure.
Ovarian cancer: Epidemiology, biology, and prognostic factors (2000)

Ovarian cancer varies widely in frequency among different geographic regions and ethnic groups, with a high incidence in Northern Europe and the United States, and a low incidence in Japan. The majority of cases are sporadic, and only 5% to 10% of ovarian cancers are familial. The etiology of ovarian cancer is poorly understood. Models of ovarian carcinogenesis include the theory of incessant ovulation, in which a person's age at ovulation, i.e., lifetime number of ovulatory cycles, is an index of her ovarian cancer risk. Excessive gonadotropin and androgen stimulation of the ovary have been postulated as contributing factors. Exposure of the ovaries to pelvic contaminants and carcinogens may play a role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Epidemiologic and molecular-genetic studies identify numerous risk and protective factors. The most significant risk factor is a family history of the disease. Recent advances in molecular genetics have found mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor suppressor genes responsible for the majority of hereditary ovarian cancer. Additional risk factors include nulliparity and refractory infertility. Protective factors include multiparity, oral contraceptives, and tubal ligation or hysterectomy. With five years of oral contraceptive use, women can cut their risk of ovarian cancer approximately in half; this also holds true for individuals with a family history. Stage at diagnosis, maximum residual disease following cytoreductive surgery, and performance status are the three major prognostic factors. Using a multimodality approach to treatment, including aggressive cytoreductive surgery and combination chemotherapy, five-year survival rates are as follows: Stage I (93%), Stage II (70%), Stage III (37%), and Stage IV (25%).
On the mechanism of a mammalian neuronal type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor investigated by a rapid chemical kinetic technique. Detection and characterization of a short-lived, previously unobserved, main receptor form in PC12 cells (1992)

The mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in PC12 cells has many properties characteristic of the neuronal receptors involved in key chemical reactions that are responsible for signal transmission between cells of the nervous system. This report describes initial investigations of the mechanism of this receptor using a rapid chemical kinetic technique with a time resolution of 20 ms, which represents a 250-fold improvement over the best time resolution (5 s) employed in previous studies. Carbamoylcholine, a stable analogue of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, was the activating ligand used, and the concentration of open transmembrane receptor-channels in PC12 cells was measured by recording whole-cell currents at pH 7.4, 21-23 degrees C, and a transmembrane voltage of -60 mV. Two receptor forms that account for 80% and 20% of the receptor-controlled current were detected; the main receptor form, accounting for 80% of the whole-cell current, desensitized completely before the first measurements had been made in previous studies. Only the main receptor form has been investigated so far using the new method. The constants of a mechanism that accounts for the concentration of the open transmembrane receptor-channel over a 100-fold range of carbamoylcholine concentration were evaluated: the dissociation constant of the site controlling channel opening (K1 = 2.0 mM), the channel-opening equilibrium constant (phi -1 = 5.0), and the dissociation constant of an inhibitory site to which carbamoylcholine binds (KR = 6.5 mM). These evaluated constants allow one to calculate Po, the conditional probability that at a given concentration of carbamoylcholine the receptor-channel is open. Po was also determined in the presence of 2 mM carbamoylcholine by an independent method, the single-channel current-recording technique, and the agreement between the Po values obtained in two independent ways is within experimental error. This result indicates that the time resolution of the chemical kinetic technique employed was sufficient to evaluate the constants pertaining to the active state of the receptor, which forms a transmembrane channel, before its conversion to desensitized receptor forms with different properties. Previous kinetic measurements with a time resolution of 5 s showed that many compounds, such as anesthetic-like molecules, nerve growth factor, and substance P, modify the function of the neuronal receptor in PC12 cells or react specifically with the neuronal but not with the muscle receptor, for example, some toxins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Redox Switchable Fluorescent Probe Selective for Either Hg(II) or Cd(II) and Zn(II) (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTRedox Switchable Fluorescent Probe Selective for Either Hg(II) or Cd(II) and Zn(II)Gunther Hennrich, Helmut Sonnenschein, and Ute Resch-GengerView Author Information Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Rudower Chaussee 5, D-12489 Berlin, Germany Institute of Nonclassical Chemistry Permoserstrasse 15, D-04303 Leipzig, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 21, 5073–5074Publication Date (Web):May 18, 1999Publication History Received2 November 1998Published online18 May 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja983802rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja983802rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1707Altmetric-Citations214LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Analytical apparatus,Cations,Fluorescence,Mercury,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
How do functionalized carbon nanotubes land on, bind to and pierce through model and plasma membranes (2013)

Study of the mechanisms understanding how chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes internalize into mammalian cells is important in view of their design as new tools for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The initial contact between the nanotube and the cell membrane allows elucidation of the types of interaction that are occurring and the contribution from the types of functional groups at the nanotube surface. Here we offer a combination of experimental and theoretical evidence of the initial phases of interaction between functionalized carbon nanotubes with model and cellular membranes. Both experimental and theoretical data reveal the critical parameters to determine direct translocation of the nanotubes through the membrane into the cytoplasm as a result of three distinct processes that can be summarized as landing, piercing and uptake.
A close ring structure of speech recognition and understanding (2002)

Speech recognition and understanding is an active and important research subject of information science. Now, continuous speech recognition is studied by a lot of scientists, and some man machine interface systems which have good performance have appeared recently. A novel approach for Chinese speech (language) recognition and understanding is proposed, which is called a close ring structure with information feedback for speech recognition and understanding, and a system of Chinese sentence understanding based on this new approach is realized.
Elevated Plasma Albumin and Apolipoprotein A-I Oxidation under Suboptimal Specimen Storage Conditions (2014)

S-cysteinylated albumin and methionine-oxidized apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) have been posed as candidate markers of diseases associated with oxidative stress. Here, a dilute-and-shoot form of LC-electrospray ionization-MS requiring half a microliter of blood plasma was employed to simultaneously quantify the relative abundance of these oxidized proteoforms in samples stored at -80 °C, -20 °C, and room temperature and exposed to multiple freeze-thaw cycles and other adverse conditions in order to assess the possibility that protein oxidation may occur as a result of poor sample storage or handling. Samples from a healthy donor and a participant with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes started at the same low level of protein oxidation and behaved similarly; significant increases in albumin oxidation via S-cysteinylation were found to occur within hours at room temperature and days at -20 °C. Methionine oxidation of apoA-I took place on a longer time scale, setting in after albumin oxidation reached a plateau. Freeze-thaw cycles had a minimal effect on protein oxidation. In matched collections, protein oxidation in serum was the same as that in plasma. Albumin and apoA-I oxidation were not affected by sample headspace or the degree to which vials were sealed. ApoA-I, however, was unexpectedly found to oxidize faster in samples with lower surface-area-to-volume ratios. An initial survey of samples from patients with inflammatory conditions normally associated with elevated oxidative stress-including acute myocardial infarction and prostate cancer-demonstrated a lack of detectable apoA-I oxidation. Albumin S-cysteinylation in these samples was consistent with known but relatively brief exposures to temperatures above -30 °C (the freezing point of blood plasma). Given their properties and ease of analysis, these oxidized proteoforms, once fully validated, may represent the first markers of blood plasma specimen integrity based on direct measurement of oxidative molecular damage that can occur under suboptimal storage conditions.
Film-free efficiency systems: a new cost-effective approach. (1998)

Pressure is on healthcare providers to make their services more affordable. Streamlining operations to improve efficiency is one means of achieving that goal. PACS has been touted as the technology to improve radiologic services. Sold as a way to eliminate lost records and lower operations costs, in reality, PACS has raised costs and slowed work flow in many cases. Perhaps PACS that raise operations costs are more properly named digital overhead generating systems (DOGS). There is an alternative solution--film-free efficiency systems (FFES), defined as the technological tools required to lower radiologic costs and improve services. A new type of image and information management technology and distinct from traditional PACS in a number of ways, film-free efficiency systems are immediately cost effective. They improve personnel efficiency, reduce costs per RVU, provide an alternative to film and exclude the use of any technology that is not cost effective. Implementation of these systems must begin with a clearly stated mission, a leadership statement and financial accountability. To guarantee an immediate financial gain in your department, you'll want to finance the system through material cost savings. Implementation should start with the digital modalities. The next step is to retrain staff and reengineer the workplace, followed by creating the necessary infrastructure of PCs in referring physicians' offices. Lastly, implement CR or digital radiography as prices drop and technologies improve in speed.
Use of Sacrificial Anodes in Electrochemical Functionalization of Organic Halides (1990)

This article reviews the new possibilities in organic synthesis offered by the electroreduction of organic halides in the presence of various electrophiles using sacrificial metallic anodes. 1. Introduction 2. General Aspects of the Sacrificial Anode Process 2.1 Methodology and General Conditions 2.2. Nature of the Anode and Role of the Generated Metal Ion 2.3. Low-Valent Transition-Metal-Catalysis 3. Electrosynthesis Using the Sacrificial Anode Process 3.1. Carboxylic Acids from Organic Halides and Carbon Dioxide 3.2. Alcohols from Organic Halides and Carbonyl Compounds 3.2.1. Coupling with Acetone 3.2.2. Coupling with Other Carbonyl Compounds 3.2.3. Electrosynthesis of Alcohols Using a Nickel Catalyst 3.2.4. Conclusion 3.3. Acylation and Formylation of Organic Halides: Ketones from Anhydrides or Acid Chlorides, Aldehydes from Dimethylformamide 3.3.1. Ketones 3.3.2. Aldehydes 3.4. Homo- and Cross-Coupling of Organic Halides 3.4.1. Electrochemical Coupling of Alkyl Halides 3.4.2. Electrochemical Homocoupling of Aryl and Vinyl Halides 3.4.3. Electrochemical Cross-Coupling of α-Halo Esters with Aryl and Vinyl Halides 3.5. Formation of Carbon-Heteroatom Bond 3.5.1. Electrosynthesis of Carbon-Phosphorus Bond 3.5.2. Electrosynthesis of Carbon-Silicon Bond 3.5.3. Electrosynthesis of Trifluoromethanesulfinic Acid 3.6. Miscellaneous 3.6.1. Electrochemical Alkylation of the Carbon-Hydrogen Bond 3.6.2. Electrosynthesis of Symmetrical Ketones from Carbon Dioxide and Organic Halides 3.6.3. Electrosynthesis of Cyclic Compounds from Activated Olefins and Organic Dihalides 4. Future Prospects, Conclusions 4.1. Application of the Consumable Anode Process to the Synthesis of Complex Molecules 4.2. Industrial Developments
Tracking CD40 signaling during germinal center development (2004)

Substantial evidence indicates that signaling through the CD40 receptor (CD40) is required for germinal center (GC) and memory B-cell formation. However, it is not fully understood at which stages of B-cell development the CD40 pathway is activated in vivo. To address this question, we induced CD40 signaling in human transformed GC B cells in vitro and identified a CD40 gene expression signature by DNA microarray analysis. This signature was then investigated in the gene expression profiles of normal B cells and found in pre- and post-GC B cells (naive and memory) but, surprisingly, not in GC B cells. This finding was validated in lymphoid tissues by showing that the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factors, which translocate to the nucleus upon CD40 stimulation, are retained in the cytoplasm in most GC B cells, indicating the absence of CD40 signaling. Nevertheless, a subset of centrocytes and B cells in the subepithelium showed nuclear staining of multiple NF-kappaB subunits, suggesting that a fraction of naive and memory B cells may be subject to CD40 signaling or to other signals that activate NF-kappaB. Together, these results show that GC expansion occurs in the absence of CD40 signaling, which may act only in the initial and final stages of the GC reaction.
Electric-field-induced Schiff-base deprotonation in D85N mutant bacteriorhodopsin. (1996)

The application of an external electric field to dry films of Asp-85-->Asn mutant bacteriorhodopsin causes deprotonation of the Schiff base, resulting in a shift of the optical absorption maximum from 600 nm to 400 nm. This is in marked contrast to the case of wild-type bacteriorhodopsin films, in which electric fields produce a red-shifted product whose optical properties are similar to those of the acid-blue form of the protein. This difference is due to the much weaker binding of the Schiff-base proton in the mutant protein, as indicated by its low pK of approximately 9, as compared with the value pK approximately 13 in the wild type. Other bacteriorhodopsins with lowered Schiff-base pK values should also exhibit a field-induced shift in the protonation equilibrium of the Schiff base. We propose mechanisms to account for these observations.