gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of glutathione in lymphocyte activation. I. Comparison of inhibitory effects of buthionine sulfoximine and 2-cyclohexene-1-one by nuclear size transformation. (1985)

The role of glutathione (GSH) in lectin-induced lymphocyte activation can be studied by quantitating lectin-induced nuclear size transformation in the presence of variable degrees of GSH depletion. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) inhibits intracellular GSH synthesis by inhibition of the enzyme gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase. By combining endogenous GSH depletion in cell cultures with BSO-induced inhibition of GSH synthesis, lectin-induced lymphocyte activation can be studied at various concentrations of soluble intracellular GSH. With this approach, the percentage of lymphocytes undergoing a nuclear size transformation is minimally affected despite depletion of soluble intracellular GSH to 0.27 nmol/10(7) cells (PBL), which represents approximately 95% depletion of intracellular GSH. When soluble intracellular GSH is depleted to undetectable levels (less than 0.10 nmol/10(7) cells) there is a 10 to 12% reduction in the number of cell nuclei transformed. However, in all BSO-pretreated cultures the lectin-induced nuclear size transformation is intermediate between resting and blast-transformed lymphocytes, suggesting only partial (or aborted) activation. The partial activation response observed in BSO-pretreated cultures may be due to mobilization of the protein-bound pool of GSH, which is relatively resistant to depletion by BSO. That the inhibition of full blast transformation is truly due to GSH depletion was proven by experiments in which GSH was repleted exogenously and a full blast transformation was restored. The results of previous work in our laboratory had shown that the sulfhydryl-reactive agent 2-cyclohexene-1-one (2-CHX) was a potent inhibitor of activation at soluble intracellular GSH concentrations well above 0.27 nmol/10(7) PBL. In the present study, the dose-dependent inhibition of activation by 2-CHX was confirmed, but it was shown that the degree of inhibition caused by 2-CHX could be at least partially dissociated from the level of intracellular GSH present at the time of lectin addition and that the inhibitory potential of 2-CHX exceeded that of BSO at comparable levels of soluble intracellular GSH. Thus, the inhibitory properties of 2-CHX cannot be accounted for solely on the basis of GSH depletion.
Multiplexed and Reiterative Fluorescence Labeling via DNA Circuitry (2010)

A class of reactive DNA circuits was adapted as erasable molecular imaging probes that allow fluorescent reporting complexes to be assembled and disassembled on a biological specimen. Circuit reactions are sequence-dependent and therefore facilitate multiplexed (multicolor) detection. Yet, the ability to disassemble reporting complexes also allows fluorophores to be removed and new circuit complexes to be used to label additional markers. Thus, these probes present opportunities to increase the total number of molecular targets that can be visualized on a biological sample by allowing multiple rounds of fluorescence microscopy to be performed.
Stereotactic limbic leucotomy: surgical technique (1973)

Summary The requirements for modern psychosurgery are safety and accuracy. Stereotactic techniques give the geometric accuracy and stimulation gives physiological information, which is important in determining lesion sites or at least lesion symmetry. The process whereby focal brain destruction is produced is ideally by a freezing probe, but equally effectively by coagulation. A number of small lesions is thus required. This at present is unavoidable if side effects are to be obviated. Careful continuing assessment of results is necessary to validate any surgical procedure.
Alkaline Earth Metal Catalysts for Asymmetric Reactions (2010)

The group 2 alkaline earth metals calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba) are among the most common elements on Earth, abundant in both the sea and the Earth's crust. Although they are familiar in our daily lives, their application to organic synthesis has, so far, been limited. Some particularly useful properties of these elements include (i) low electronegativity, (ii) a stable oxidation state of +2, meaning that they can potentially form two covalent bonds with anions, and (iii) the ability to occupy a variety of coordination sites due to their large ionic radius. Furthermore, the alkaline earth metals, found between the group 1 and group 3 elements, show mild but significant Lewis acidity, which can be harnessed to control coordinative molecules via a Lewis acid-base interaction. Taken together, these characteristics make the metals Ca, Sr, and Ba very promising components of highly functionalized acid-base catalysts. In this Account, we describe the development of chiral alkaline earth metal catalysts for asymmetric carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. Recently prepared chiral alkaline earth metal complexes have shown high diastereo- and enantioselectivities in fundamental and important chemical transformations. We chose chiral bisoxazoline (Box) derivatives bearing a methylene tether as a ligand for chiral modification. These molecules are very useful because they can covalently coordinate to alkaline earth metals in a bidentate fashion through deprotonation of the tether portion. It was found that chiral calcium-Box complexes could successfully promote catalytic asymmetric 1,4-addition and [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Both the calcium-Box complexes and chiral strontium-bis-sulfonamide and chiral barium-BINOLate complexes could catalyze asymmetric 1,4-addition reactions with high enantioselectivities. Furthermore, we designed a calcium-neutral coordinative ligand complex as a new type of chiral alkaline earth metal catalyst. We found that pyridinebisoxazolines (Pybox) worked well: they served as excellent ligands for calcium compounds in 1,4-addition reactions and Mannich reactions. Moreover, they were successful in 1,4-additions in concert with enantioselective protonation, affording the desired products in good to high enantioselectivities. Our results demonstrate that alkaline earth metals are very useful and attractive catalysts in organic synthesis. Moreover, their ubiquity in the environment is a distinct advantage over rare metals for large-scale processes, and their minimal toxicity is beneficial in both handling and disposal.
A Functionally Essential Domain of RFX5 Mediates Activation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Promoters by Promoting Cooperative Binding between RFX and NF-Y (2000)

Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules occupy a pivotal position in the adaptive immune system, and correct regulation of their expression is therefore of critical importance for the control of the immune response. Several regulatory factors essential for the transcription of MHC-II genes have been identified by elucidation of the molecular defects responsible for MHC-II deficiency, a hereditary immunodeficiency disease characterized by regulatory defects abrogating MHC-II expression. Three of these factors, RFX5, RFXAP, and RFXANK, combine to form the RFX complex, a regulatory protein that binds to the X box DNA sequence present in all MHC-II promoters. In this study we have undertaken a dissection of the structure and function of RFX5, the largest subunit of the RFX complex. The results define two distinct domains serving two different essential functions. A highly conserved N-terminal region of RFX5 is required for its association with RFXANK and RFXAP, for assembly of the RFX complex in vivo and in vitro, and for binding of this complex to its X box target site in the MHC-II promoter. This N-terminal region is, however, not sufficient for activation of MHC-II expression. This requires an additional domain within the C-terminal region of RFX5. This C-terminal domain mediates cooperative binding between the RFX complex and NF-Y, a transcription factor binding to the Y box sequence of MHC-II promoters. This provides direct evidence that RFX5-mediated cooperative binding between RFX and NF-Y plays an essential role in the transcriptional activation of MHC-II genes.
Contribution of Cerebrovascular Parasympathetic and Sensory Innervation to the Short-Term Control of Blood Flow in Rat Cerebral Cortex (1995)

In two groups of normotensive rats anaesthetised with halothane, either the nasociliary nerve (NCN) or the NCN and parasympathetic (PS) fibres together (NCN-PS) were functionally blocked at the right ethmoidal foramen. Blocking was achieved reversibly and repeatedly using a cooling probe. Cortical regional CBF (rCBF) was measured bilaterally using laser-Doppler probes. In Group 1, bilateral common carotid occlusion (CCO) was applied for 1 min both with and without block. In Group 2, CCO was applied permanently followed by stages of controlled haemorrhagic hypotension to deepen the ischaemia and the block applied at each stage. In Group 1, during CCO, rCBF was unaffected by blocking NCN-PS. However, during the transient postocclusive hyperaemia, blocking NCN-PS, but not NCN alone, significantly increased right side rCBF. In Group 2 and in Group 1 in the absence of CCO (normotension), rCBF was unaffected by blocking either set of fibres. We conclude that neither NCN nor PS fibres contribute to the tonic level of rCBF or to its autoregulatory control, but PS fibres conduct impulses tending to resolve postischaemic hyperaemia. We suggest that a subpopulation of PS fibres containing neuropeptide Y is activated under conditions of supernormal rCBF.
The murine CCR3 receptor regulates both the role of eosinophils and mast cells in allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (2002)

CCR3 is a chemokine receptor initially thought specific to eosinophils but subsequently identified on TH2 cell subsets, basophils, mast cells, neural tissue, and some epithelia. Because of the prominent role of these cells in allergic disease, including asthma, we generated mice deficient in CCR3 to determine its contribution in a model of allergic airway disease. Here we show that CCR3 is important for the basal trafficking of eosinophils to the intestinal mucosa but not the lung. In contrast, CCR3 disruption significantly curtails eosinophil recruitment to the lung after allergen challenge, with the majority of the eosinophils being arrested in the subendothelial space. Further, a role for CCR3 in mast cell homing has been identified; after sensitization and allergen challenge, we find increased numbers of intraepithelial mast cells in the trachea of knockout mice. Physiologically, we find that the net result of these complex cell fates after sensitization and allergen challenge is a paradoxical increase in airway responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation. These data underscore a more complex role for CCR3 in allergic disease than was anticipated.
A Review of Human Salmonellosis: I. Infective Dose (1982)

The notion that large inocula of salmonellae are necessary to induce illness in humans is based on the results of studies involving volunteers. However, investigations of outbreaks of salmonellosis suggest that the infective dose was often low. This incongruity was investigated by an examination of factors that could affect the infective dose of Salmonella, a review of nine studies in which salmonellae were administered to volunteers, and a review of 11 outbreaks of salmonellosis for which the infective doses could be calculated. Determination of the minimal infective doses from studies involving volunteers is limited by the strains used for testing, repeated testing of the same subjects, and the use of too few volunteers at the lower dose levels. In six of the 11 outbreaks, the actual doses ingested were calculated to be less than 10(3) organisms; the outbreaks with higher doses involved very high rates of attack and short periods of incubation. Data presented on median incubation periods during 12 typhoid outbreaks suggest that low doses were involved.
Nomenclature of carbohydrates (IUPAC Recommendations 1996) (1996)

Abstract
3D profile measurement by color pattern projection and system calibration (2003)

In this paper, we present a new color structured lighting for 3D profile measurement by projecting a pattern of color stripes. The advantage of using color pattern is that it simplifies the difficult matching problem of using a multiple-line stripe pattern. The problem of finding the correct color stripe correspondence between a light source and images is solved by accurately calibrating the system parameters. A technique for camera-projector calibration using the calibration points that projected from a projector is presented. The mean error of this calibration method is about 0.2 mm. A pattern of color stripes is projected onto the objects when taking images with cameras from various viewpoints, and the stripe pattern information are extracted from the acquired images and then used for finding the correct projected-observed stripe match. After the matched stripes information was obtained, a 3D profile is then reconstructed by means of triangulation. The selection of color used to generate the color-stripe pattern is presented. An experiment using human hand as a model is also demonstrated.
Isolation of human tumor-specific antibodies by selection of an antibody phage library on melanoma cells. (1999)

A human single-chain Fv (scFv) library as fusion to phage was constructed from donors with a high titer of autoantibodies. The library was subjected to three rounds of positive selection on human melanoma cells and negative selection on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Two scFv clones, B3 and B4, were isolated that bound melanoma cells in cell ELISA and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The scFvs were characterized further by immunohistochemistry on a large number of normal human tissues. No cross-reactivity with normal tissues was observed. On the other hand, the target antigens were expressed in sections from several different melanoma patients and in some breast cancer and basal cell carcinoma sections. The unusually high tumor specificity of the B3 and B4 antigens makes them attractive targets for the specific therapy of melanoma. The selection strategy used should be generally applicable to the identification of novel cell surface antigens by antibody phage display.
Advances in methods and algorithms in a modern quantum chemistry program package (2006)

Advances in theory and algorithms for electronic structure calculations must be incorporated into program packages to enable them to become routinely used by the broader chemical community. This work reviews advances made over the past five years or so that constitute the major improvements contained in a new release of the Q-Chem quantum chemistry package, together with illustrative timings and applications. Specific developments discussed include fast methods for density functional theory calculations, linear scaling evaluation of energies, NMR chemical shifts and electric properties, fast auxiliary basis function methods for correlated energies and gradients, equation-of-motion coupled cluster methods for ground and excited states, geminal wavefunctions, embedding methods and techniques for exploring potential energy surfaces.
A new approach to the 'hidden line' problem (1971)

This paper presents an approach to hidden line removal which relies on three-dimensional objects being described in terms of a series of inter-connected spatial cells. Avenues of sight through the openings between cells are explored in the process of generating display information for a perspective picture from a given viewpoint. An implementation on a small computer with a graphics display is described, and the performance of the program is illustrated by photographs of some views which were generated in a few seconds. Data preparation for the examples involved the definition of the space surrounding the objects by means of a special purpose data structure.
Introduction to Organic Thin Film Transistors and Design of n-Channel Organic Semiconductors (2004)

The development of new organic semiconductors with improved performance in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) is a major challenge for materials chemists. There is a particular need to develop air-stable n-channel (electron-conducting) organic semiconductors with performance comparable to that of p-channel (hole-conducting) materials, for organic electronics to realize the benefits of complementary circuit design, i.e., the ability to switch transistors with either positive or negative gate voltages. There have been significant advancements in the past five years. In terms of standard OTFT metrics such as the field effect mobility (μFET) and on-to-off current ratio (ION/IOFF), n-channel OTFTs have achieved performance comparable both to that of n-channel amorphous silicon TFTs and to that of the best reported p-channel (hole-conducting) OTFTs; however, issues of device stability linger. This review provides a detailed introduction to OTFTs, summarizes recent progress in the development of new n-channel organic semiconductors, and discusses the critical properties that any prospective n-channel material must have. Methods important to semiconductor design such as electronic structure calculations and synthetic structural modifications are highlighted in a case study of the development of a new n-channel material based on a terthiophene modified with electron-withdrawing groups. The review concludes with a discussion of directions for future work in this area.
Dispersionless Single-Mode Lightguides With α Index Profiles (1981)

By means of a numerical solution to Maxwell's equations, we calculate those parameters necessary to design and fabricate single-mode lightguides. These include optimum core radius and profile parameter α. In the design the dispersion is minimized by varying the core radius while the relative index difference Δ, the wavelength λ and profile parameter are held fixed. A comparison of calculated dispersion with experimental data shows excellent agreement
Silybin and the liver: From basic research to clinical practice (2011)

Herbal products are increasingly used, mainly in chronic liver disease. Extracts of milk thistle, Silymarin and silybin, are the most prescribed natural compounds, with different indications, but with no definitive results in terms of clinical efficacy. This review analyzes the available studies on the effects of the purified product silybin, both as a free and a conjugated molecule, on liver cells or on experimentally induced liver damage, and in patients with liver disease. We searched PUBMED for articles pertaining to the in vitro and in vivo effects of silybin, its antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, as well as its metabolic effects, combined with the authors' own knowledge of the literature. Results indicate that the bioavailability of silybin phytosome is higher than that of silymarin and is less influenced by liver damage; silybin does not show significant interactions with other drugs and at doses < 10 g/d has no significant side effects. Experimental studies have clearly demonstrated the antifibrotic, antioxidant and metabolic effects of silybin; previous human studies were insufficient for confirming the clinical efficacy in chronic liver disease, while ongoing clinical trials are promising. On the basis of literature data, silybin seems a promising drug for chronic liver disease.
A 900-MHz 29.5-dBm 0.13-μm CMOS HiVP Power Amplifier (2008)

Using ST 0.13-mum CMOS technology, a class A power amplifier has been developed for the global system for mobile communication in Europe. To solve the problem of low breakdown voltage in deep-submicrometer CMOS technology, the high-voltage/high-power (HiVP) device configuration is used. With the HiVP configuration, a large voltage can be divided by several devices so that the voltage drop on each device can be limited under the breakdown voltage. The measurement results show that the output power of 29.5 dBm has been achieved at the frequency of 900 MHz. The linear power gain reaches 11.5 dB and the maximum power-added efficiency is as high as 34.5%.
Elevated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling induces antiestrogen resistance through the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling routes (2011)

Our data provide evidence that the IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling axis may play a causal role in antiestrogen resistance of breast cancer cells, despite continuous suppression of ER transcriptional function by antiestrogens.
Structure and Function of the Core Histone N-Termini:  More Than Meets the Eye (1998)

For two decades, the core histone N-termini generally have been thought of as unstructured domains whose function is to bind to DNA and screen negative charge. New data indicates that both the molecular mechanisms of action and biological functions of the core histone N-termini in chromatin are considerably more complex. At the level of the chromatin fiber, multiple distinct functions of the N-termini are required to achieve higher order chromatin condensation, two of which apparently involve protein-protein rather than protein-DNA interactions. In addition, the N-termini have been documented to participate in specific interactions with many chromatin-associated regulatory proteins. Here, we discuss evidence supporting the new concepts that when functioning in their natural chromatin context, (1) the N-termini are engaged primarily in protein-protein interactions, (2) as a consequence of these interactions the N-termini adopt specific secondary structure, (3) posttranslational modifications such as acetylation disrupt the ability of the N-termini to form secondary structure, and (4) because the N-termini perform essential roles in both chromatin condensation and also bind specific chromatin-associated proteins, the global structure and function of any given region of the genome will be determined predominantly by the core histone N-termini and their specific interaction partners.
XPS studies of the oxygen 1s and 2s levels in a wide range of functional polymers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTXPS studies of the oxygen 1s and 2s levels in a wide range of functional polymersDavid. Briggs and Graham. BeamsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 11, 1517–1523Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00059a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00059a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4786Altmetric-Citations262LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts