gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RADAR: A Personal Assistant that Learns to Reduce Email Overload (2018)

Email client software is widely used for personal task management, a purpose for which it was not designed and is poorly suited. Past attempts to remedy the problem have focused on adding task management features to the client UI. RADAR uses an alternative approach modeled on a trusted human assistant who reads mail, identifies task-relevant message content, and helps manage and execute tasks. This paper describes the integration of diverse AI technologies and presents results from human evaluation studies comparing RADAR user performance to unaided COTS tool users and users partnered with a human assistant. As machine learning plays a central role in many system components, we also compare versions of RADAR with and without learning. Our tests show a clear advantage for learning-enabled RADAR over all other test conditions.
A Deep Learning and Knowledge Transfer Based Architecture for Social Media User Characteristic Determination (2015)

Determining explicit user characteristics based on interactions on Social Media is a crucial task in developing recommendation and social polling solutions. For this purpose, rule based and N-gram based techniques have been proposed to develop user profiles, but they are only fit for detecting user attributes that can be classified by a relatively simple logic or rely on the presence of a large amount of training data. In this paper, we propose a general purpose, end-to-end architecture for text analytics, and demonstrate its effectiveness for analytics based on tweets with a relatively small training set. By performing unsupervised feature learning and deep learning over labeled and unlabeled tweets, we are able to learn in a more generalizable way than N-gram techniques. Our proposed hidden layer sharing approach makes it possible to efficiently transfer knowledge between related NLP tasks. This approach is extensible, and can learn even more from metadata available about Social Media users. For the task of user age prediction over a relatively small corpus, we demonstrate 38.3% error reduction over single task baselines, a total of 44.7% error reduction with the incorporation of two related tasks, and achieve 90.1% accuracy when useful metadata is present.
RT-PCR Suggests Human Skeletal Muscle Origin of Alveolar Soft-Part Sarcoma (2000)

In 1952, Christopherson et al. proposed that alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) was a distinct entity with unique clinical and pathological features. Since their report, its histogenesis has not been determined. In order to clarify the histogenesis of ASPS, a study using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using cDNAs from MyoD1 and myogenin, and the actin filament from human-skeletal-muscle-related mRNAs has been performed in 5 cases of ASPS. The expression of MyoD1 and myogenin was determined in 5 and 2 cases of the 5 cases, respectively. Moreover, expression of the many mRNAs from the actin filament of skeletal muscle was also found in ASPS. According to these findings, it is now postulated that ASPS is of skeletal muscle origin.
Computational Linguistics (1986)

In spite of the rapid growth of interest in the computer analysis of language, this book provides an integrated introduction to the field. Inevitably, when many different approaches are still being considered, a straightforward work of synthesis would be neither possible nor practicable. Nevertheless, Ralph Grishman provides a valuable survey of various approaches to the problems of syntax analysis, semantic analysis, text analysis and natural language generation, while considering in greater detail those that seem to him most productive. The book is written for readers with some background in computer science and finite mathematics, but advanced knowledge of programming languages or compilers is not necessary and nor is a background in linguistics. The exposition is always clear and students will find the exercises and extensive bibliography supporting the text particularly helpful.
Threshold dose for ion-induced intermixing in InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells (1994)

We have determined the threshold dose for 8 MeV Bi+ ions to induce intermixing of GaAs quantum wells in AlGaAs and InGaAs quantum wells in GaAs after rapid thermal annealing at 850 °C. Our measured threshold for the GaAs/AlGaAs system agrees well with previous work. The threshold for the InGaAs/GaAs system is much lower and explains, at least in part, earlier difficulties in the lateral patterning of nanostructures by focused-ion-beam lithography.
Detection of microRNA Expression in Human Peripheral Blood Microvesicles (2008)

This study is the first to identify and define miRNA expression in circulating plasma microvesicles of normal subjects. The data generated from this study provides a basis for future studies to determine the predictive role of peripheral blood miRNA signatures in human disease and will enable the definition of the biological processes regulated by these miRNA.
High-speed metrological large range AFM (2015)

A high-speed metrological large range AFM (Met. LR-AFM) which is capable of fast, accurate, and large range measurements of surfaces and nanostructures is presented. In its design, the z scanner is realized by combining a piezo stage and a large range mechanical stage (referred to as a nanopositioning and nanomeasuring machine, NMM) which move the sample in parallel, thus providing both a high dynamic positioning capability and a large motion range. A contact mode AFM which offers both a short response time and a large sensing range is applied for measuring the surfaces of interest. Sensor signals from the AFM, the piezo stage, and the NMM are combined to derive the surface topography, thus offering high bandwidth for high-speed measurements. To reduce the distortion in the measured profiles, the time delay of the sensors is corrected as well as the displacements of the AFM and the piezo stage being traceably calibrated referring to the z-interferometer of the NMM in situ. Experimental results have demonstrated the high image quality obtainable at a scan speed of 500 μm s−1. The measurement repeatability at different scan speeds ranging from 10 μm s−1 to 1000 μm s−1 reaches nm for step height measurements and × 10−6 for grating pitch measurements, respectively. The study has improved the measurement speed of the Met. LR-AFM by a factor of more than 20, and thus significantly enhanced its measurement throughput and reduced its measurement drift.
Screening for latent acute intermittent porphyria: the value of measuring both leucocyte delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthase and erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen-1-synthase activities. (1982)

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder of haem biosynthesis characterised by reduced activity of the enzyme uroporphyrinogen-1-(URO) synthase and compensatory increased activity of the rate controlling enzyme delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) synthase. Subjects with the disorder should be identified as they are at risk of developing severe porphyric attacks if exposed to a variety of drugs or chemicals. We have assessed the value of measuring the activities of ALA synthase and URO synthase in peripheral blood cells as a means of identifying latent cases in affected families. In AIP subjects, ALA synthase activity was increased and URO synthase decreased compared to controls, through there was considerable overlap between the two groups when either enzyme was examined alone. When both enzymes were examined together, all but one of the 19 AIP patients had both increased ALA synthase activity (greater than 250 nmol ALA/g protein/h) and reduced URO synthase activity (less than 25.1 nmol URO/l RBC/h), whereas none of the 62 controls showed this enzyme pattern. Examination of 35 asymptomatic first degree blood relatives of AIP patients showed that 17 (49%) had the porphyric enzyme pattern with no sex bias. The combined study of these two enzymes permits accurate detection of latent cases of AIP and confirms its autosomal dominant inheritance.
HSV/AAV Hybrid Amplicon Vectors Extend Transgene Expression in Human Glioma Cells (1997)

Novel hybrid vectors, which incorporate critical elements of both herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) amplicon vectors and adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, are able to sustain transgene expression in dividing glioma cells for over 2 weeks. These vectors combine the high infectibility and large transgene capacity of HSV-1 vectors with the potential for episomal amplification and chromosomal integration of AAV vectors. The hybrid vectors contain the HSV-1 origin of DNA replication, oriS, and the DNA cleavage/packaging signal, pac, which allow amplicon replication and packaging in HSV-1 virions. The lacZ reporter gene under control of the CMV IE1 promoter is flanked by AAV inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequences, which facilitate replication and genomic integration of this cassette in the host cell nucleus. Constructs were generated with or without the AAV rep gene (rep+ and rep-) to assess its importance in extending transgene expression. Expression of Rep proteins was confirmed by Western blot analysis. An HSV-1 amplicon construct containing the reporter gene, but no AAV sequences, was used as a control. Constructs were packaged into HSV-1 virions with or without helper virus and these vector stocks were used to infect human U87 glioma cells in culture. The hybrid vectors supported transgene retention and expression for over 2 weeks, whereas the control amplicon vector lost the transgene after 10 days. Expression was somewhat longer for the rep+ as compared to the rep- hybrid vectors. Toxicity due to the HSV-1 helper virus was eliminated using helper virus-free amplicon vector stocks. Transgene constructs could also be packaged in AAV virions, using AAV and adenovirus or HSV-1 helper functions. These HSV/AAV hybrid vectors should allow long-term, nontoxic gene delivery of DNA constructs to both dividing and nondividing cells.
Micro-machined tunable optical filters with optimized band-pass spectrum (2004)

A novel MEMS-based tunable optical filter structure is presented which for the first time combines the advantages of an optimized filter shape function with tunability. Such a filter is essential for monitoring and reconfiguration of optical communication networks. The device is based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer employing multiple solid-state silicon cavities and dielectric Bragg mirrors. It is fabricated as a self-supporting membrane with thin film metal resistors using silicon MEMS technology.
Simulation input analysis: joint criterion for factor identification and parameter estimation (2002)

One goal in simulation experimentation is to identify which input parameters most significantly influence the mean of simulation output. Another goal is to obtain good parameter estimates for a response model that quantifies how the mean output depends on influential input parameters. The majority of experimental design techniques focus on either one goal or the other. This paper uses a design criterion for follow-up experiments that jointly identifies the important parameters and reduces the variance of parameter estimates. The criterion is entropy-based, and is applied to a critical care facility simulation.
Cardiospheres Recapitulate a Niche-Like Microenvironment Rich in Stemness and Cell-Matrix Interactions, Rationalizing Their Enhanced Functional Potency for Myocardial Repair (2010)

Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are promising candidates for use in myocardial regenerative therapy. We test the hypothesis that growing cardiac-derived cells as three-dimensional cardiospheres may recapitulate a stem cell niche-like microenvironment, favoring cell survival and enhancing functional benefit after transplantation into the injured heart. CSCs and supporting cells from human endomyocardial biopsies were grown as cardiospheres and compared with cells cultured under traditional monolayer condition or dissociated from cardiospheres. Cardiospheres self-assembled into stem cell niche-like structures in vitro in suspension culture, while exhibiting greater proportions of c-kit(+) cells and upregulated expression of SOX2 and Nanog. Pathway-focused polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunostaining revealed enhanced expression of stem cell-relevant factors and adhesion/extracellular-matrix molecules (ECM) in cardiospheres including IGF-1, histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), Tert, integrin-α(2), laminin-β(1), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Implantation of cardiospheres in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse hearts with acute infarction disproportionately improved cell engraftment and myocardial function, relative to monolayer-cultured cells. Dissociation of cardiospheres into single cells decreased the expression of ECM and adhesion molecules and undermined resistance to oxidative stress, negating the improved cell engraftment and functional benefit in vivo. Growth of cardiac-derived cells as cardiospheres mimics stem cell niche properties with enhanced "stemness" and expression of ECM and adhesion molecules. These changes underlie an increase in cell survival and more potent augmentation of global function following implantation into the infarcted heart.
Motion Tracking System in Surgical Training (2017)

Introduction: Simulation technology is evolving and becoming the focus of attention in surgical training. The development of this technology in assessing open surgical skills is far behind when compared to minimally invasive surgery (MIS) training. Surgical skills such as suturing and tying surgical knots are assessed by an observational tool. It is labour-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, we explored the potential use of motion tracking system as a non-observational assessment tool for basic surgical skills.
Introns: The Functional Benefits of Introns in Genomes (2015)

The intron has been a big biological mystery since it was first discovered in several aspects. First, all of the completely sequenced eukaryotes harbor introns in the genomic structure, whereas no prokaryotes identified so far carry introns. Second, the amount of total introns varies in different species. Third, the length and number of introns vary in different genes, even within the same species genome. Fourth, all introns are copied into RNAs by transcription and DNAs by replication processes, but intron sequences do not participate in protein-coding sequences. The existence of introns in the genome should be a burden to some cells, because cells have to consume a great deal of energy to copy and excise them exactly at the correct positions with the help of complicated spliceosomal machineries. The existence throughout the long evolutionary history is explained, only if selective advantages of carrying introns are assumed to be given to cells to overcome the negative effect of introns. In that regard, we summarize previous research about the functional roles or benefits of introns. Additionally, several other studies strongly suggesting that introns should not be junk will be introduced.
Superhydrophobic Engineered Cementitious Composites for Highway Applications: Phase I (2013)

The strength and durability of highway bridges are two of the key components in maintaining a high level of freight transportation capacity on the nation’s highways. This research focused on developing new hybrid superhydrophobic engineered cementitious composites (SECCs), engineered cement based concrete materials combined with polyvinyl alcohol fibers and hydrophobic compounds, to create a substitute concrete which can provide the strength and durability demanded in key regions of highway bridges.
Inferring the environment in a text-to-scene conversion system (2001)

There has been a great deal of work over the past decade on inferring semantic information from text corpora. This paper is another instance of this kind of work, but is also slightly different in that we are interested not in extracting semantic information per se, but rather real-world knowledge. In particular, given a description of a particular action --- e.g. John was eating breakfast --- we want to know where John is likely to be, what time of day it is, and so forth. Humans on hearing this sentence would form a mental image that makes a lot of inferences about the environment in which this action occurs: they would probably imagine someone in their kitchen in the morning, perhaps in their dining room, seated at a table, eating a meal.We propose a method that makes use of Dunning's likelihood ratios to extract from text corpora strong associations between particular actions and locations or times when those actions occur. We also present an evaluation of the method. The context of this work is a text-to-scene conversion system called WordsEye, where in order to depict an action such as John was eating breakfast, it is desirable to make reasonable inferences about where and when that action is taking place so that the resulting picture is a reasonable match to one's mental image of the action.
Structural investigation of C6/36 and Vero cell cultures infected with a Brazilian Zika virus (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the flavivirus genus, and its genome is approximately 10.8 kilobases of positive-strand RNA enclosed in a capsid and surrounded by a membrane. Studies on the replication dynamics of ZIKV are scarce, which limits the development of antiviral agents and vaccines directed against ZIKV. In this study, Aedes albopictus mosquito lineage cells (C6/36 cells) and African green monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero cells) were inoculated with a ZIKV sample isolated from a Brazilian patient, and the infection was characterized by immunofluorescence staining, phase contrast light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and real-time RT-PCR. The infection was observed in both cell lineages, and ZIKV particles were observed inside lysosomes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and viroplasm-like structures. The susceptibility of C6/36 and Vero cells to ZIKV infection was demonstrated. Moreover, this study showed that part of the replicative cycle may occur within viroplasm-like structures, which has not been previously demonstrated in other flaviviruses.
Virus-Induced Flowering: An Application of Reproductive Biology to Benefit Plant Research and Breeding (2016)

Virus-induced flowering combines fundamental research in reproductive biology with efficient tools for manipulating gene expression in nonmodel systems to accelerate discovery and breeding.
Molecular and pharmacological modulators of the tumor immune contexture revealed by deconvolution of RNA-seq data (2019)

We introduce quanTIseq, a method to quantify the fractions of ten immune cell types from bulk RNA-sequencing data. quanTIseq was extensively validated in blood and tumor samples using simulated, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry data.quanTIseq analysis of 8000 tumor samples revealed that cytotoxic T cell infiltration is more strongly associated with the activation of the CXCR3/CXCL9 axis than with mutational load and that deconvolution-based cell scores have prognostic value in several solid cancers. Finally, we used quanTIseq to show how kinase inhibitors modulate the immune contexture and to reveal immune-cell types that underlie differential patients' responses to checkpoint blockers.Availability: quanTIseq is available at http://icbi.at/quantiseq .
Master-Slave Control Scheme in Electric Vehicle Smart Charging Infrastructure (2014)

WINSmartEV is a software based plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) monitoring, control, and management system. It not only incorporates intelligence at every level so that charge scheduling can avoid grid bottlenecks, but it also multiplies the number of PEVs that can be plugged into a single circuit. This paper proposes, designs, and executes many upgrades to WINSmartEV. These upgrades include new hardware that makes the level 1 and level 2 chargers faster, more robust, and more scalable. It includes algorithms that provide a more optimal charge scheduling for the level 2 (EVSE) and an enhanced vehicle monitoring/identification module (VMM) system that can automatically identify PEVs and authorize charging.
The extracellular matrix: Focus on oligodendrocyte biology and targeting CSPGs for remyelination therapies (2018)

The repair of myelin, termed remyelination, is a regenerative process that occurs within the central nervous system in conditions such as multiple sclerosis. Remyelination is enabled by oligodendrocytes that mature from oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Many factors influence the biology of oligodendrocytes and their capacity to reform myelin, and considerable evidence now implicates the extracellular matrix within the injured central nervous system as a major modifier of remyelination. Herein, we review current knowledge of components of the brain extracellular matrix that are beneficial or inhibitory for oligodendrocyte recruitment and maturation, and for their capacity to remyelinate where evidence exists. We highlight the detrimental roles of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in remyelination and discuss approaches to alter the brain extracellular matrix for the wellbeing of oligodendrocytes and their capacity for myelin regeneration.
Absence of serum growth hormone binding protein in patients with growth hormone receptor deficiency (Laron dwarfism). (1987)

It has recently been recognized that human serum contains a protein that specifically binds human growth hormone (hGH). This protein has the same restricted specificity for hGH as the membrane-bound GH receptor. To determine whether the GH-binding protein is a derivative of, or otherwise related to, the GH receptor, we have examined the serum of three patients with Laron-type dwarfism, a condition in which GH refractoriness has been attributed to a defect in the GH receptor. The binding of 125I-labeled hGH incubated with serum has been measured after gel filtration of the serum through an Ultrogel AcA 44 minicolumn. Nonspecific binding was determined when 125I-hGH was incubated with serum in the presence of an excess of GH. Results are expressed as percent of specifically bound 125I-hGH and as specific binding relative to that of a reference serum after correction is made for endogenous GH. The mean +/- SEM of specific binding of sera from eight normal adults (26-46 years of age) was 21.6 +/- 0.45%, and the relative specific binding was 101.1 +/- 8.6%. Sera from 11 normal children had lower specific binding of 12.5 +/- 1.95% and relative specific binding of 56.6 +/- 9.1%. Sera from three children with Laron-type dwarfism lacked any demonstrable GH binding, whereas sera from 10 other children with other types of nonpituitary short stature had normal relative specific binding. We suggest that the serum GH-binding protein is a soluble derivative of the GH receptor. Measurement of the serum GH-binding protein may permit recognition of other abnormalities of the GH receptor.
2Q: A Low Overhead High Performance Buffer Management Replacement Algorithm (1994)

In a path-breaking paper last year Pat and Betty O&amp;apos;Neil and Gerhard Weikum proposed a self-tuning improvement to the Least Recently Used (LRU) buffer management algorithm[15]. Their improvement is called LRU/k and advocates giving priority to buffer pages based on the kth most recent access. (The standard LRU algorithm is denoted LRU/1 according to this terminology.) If P1&amp;apos;s kth most recent access is more more recent than P2&amp;apos;s, then P1 will be replaced after P2. Intuitively, LRU/k for k ? 1 is a good strategy, because it gives low priority to pages that have been scanned or to pages that belong to a big randomly accessed file (e.g., the account file in TPC/A). They found that LRU/2 achieves most of the advantage of their method. The one problem of LRU/2 is the processor Supported by U.S. Office of Naval Research #N00014-91-J1472 and #N00014-92-J-1719, U.S. National Science Foundation grants #CCR-9103953 and IRI-9224601, and USRA #5555-19. Part of this work was performed while Theodo...