gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perpetual battery life for Machine to Machine communication devices with cellular access (2013)

The advent of Machine to Machine (M2M) communication has opened up new avenues for the mobile operators and also for the equipment vendors. The ecosystem of communication is fast emerging in to a new dimension. However to make the new realm of M2M communication feasible, there is a need to reduce the power consumption of these devices. Research is being carried out in several directions to reduce the power consumption. Research work has been done to develop new network topologies, architecture and also improve the electronics and embedded systems to reduce power consumption. This thesis explores the third direction which is concerned with developing a prototype using the existing electronics and cellular access techniques to explore the possibility of improving power consumption. This is concerned also with using energy harvesting for recharging the battery supplies. The development of the prototype is aimed at using a CPU, cellular access device and rechargeable power system to develop M2M device with battery time in terms of years. We will be using the concept of sleeping devices to enable infinite battery times. The aim of the research is to find sleep times which may lead to sufficiently longer battery times and hence provide a prototype of M2M device with energy harvesting solution capable to have independent power source for years.
Abdominal wall cellulitis in the morbidly obese (2005)

Currently, almost two-thirds of the US population is either overweight or obese. In addition to non-infectious complications, obesity predisposes to infections, including lower extremity cellulitis. Although cases of abdominal wall cellulitis in the morbidly obese occur, to date there has been no formal address of this syndrome in the literature. We therefore reviewed our clinical experience of abdominal wall cellulitis complicating morbid obesity. A retrospective database search was performed to identify patients with both cellulitis and morbid obesity who were seen at the Mayo Clinic between January 1998 and August 2003. Clinical and microbiologic data were collected for these patients. Of the 260 cases of cellulitis identified, 24 (9.2%) had morbid obesity and abdominal wall cellulitis. The mean age of the 24 patients was 47 (range 22-70) y and over two-thirds of them were females. Their mean body mass index (BMI) was 62.3 (range 39.6-108.6). 17 (70.8%) had a remote history of abdominal surgery. 16 patients required 23 hospitalizations. Five patients developed cellulitis complications and 7 (29.1%) patients had recurrent bouts of cellulitis during the study period. Abdominal wall cellulitis is a unique infectious complication in patients with morbid obesity. Further study is needed to better define the pathogenesis of this illness to develop strategies in treatment and prevention.
Transposon Mutagenesis of Probiotic Lactobacillus casei Identifies asnH, an Asparagine Synthetase Gene Involved in Its Immune-Activating Capacity (2014)

Lactobacillus casei ATCC 27139 enhances host innate immunity, and the J1 phage-resistant mutants of this strain lose the activity. A transposon insertion mutant library of L. casei ATCC 27139 was constructed, and nine J1 phage-resistant mutants out of them were obtained. Cloning and sequencing analyses identified three independent genes that were disrupted by insertion of the transposon element: asnH, encoding asparagine synthetase, and dnaJ and dnaK, encoding the molecular chaperones DnaJ and DnaK, respectively. Using an in vivo mouse model of Listeria infection, only asnH mutant showed deficiency in their ability to enhance host innate immunity, and complementation of the mutation by introduction of the wild-type asnH in the mutant strain recovered the immuno-augmenting activity. AsnH protein exhibited asparagine synthetase activity when the lysozyme-treated cell wall extracts of L. casei ATCC 27139 was added as substrate. The asnH mutants lost the thick and rigid peptidoglycan features that are characteristic to the wild-type cells, indicating that AsnH of L. casei is involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. These results indicate that asnH is required for the construction of the peptidoglycan composition involved in the immune-activating capacity of L. casei ATCC 27139.
Visible luminescence from silicon wafers subjected to stain etches (1992)

Etching of Si in a variety of solutions is known to cause staining. These stain layers consist of porous material similar to that produced by anodic etching of Si in HF solutions. We have observed photoluminescence peaked in the red from stain-etched Si wafers of different dopant types, concentrations, and orientations produced in solutions of HF:HNO3:H2O. Luminescence is also observed in stain films produced in solutions of NaNO2 in HF, but not in stain films produced in solutions of CrO3 in HF. The luminescence spectra are similar to those reported recently for porous Si films produced by anodic etching in HF solutions. However, stain films are much easier to produce, requiring no special equipment.
Ligand-Free Palladium-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Halides (2005)

[reaction: see text] A practical, ligand-free cyanation of aryl bromides that utilizes as little as 0.1 mol % Pd(OAc)(2) in combination with a nontoxic cyanide source, M(4)[Fe(CN)(6)] (M = K, Na), is described. The reactions are performed in DMAC at 120 degrees C and provide the corresponding aryl nitrile in 83-96% yield, typically in less than 5 h. TON values of up to 7100 were attained.
Immunoadsorption (IAS) for systemic lupus erythematosus (2011)

Immunoadsorption (IAS) is used as a rescue therapy in severely ill SLE patients who are refractory to conventional therapies. This extracorporeal method aims at the rapid and extensive removal of pathogenic immunocomplexes (ICs) and (auto-)antibodies (Abs). Although past data have shown short- to mid-term efficacy and biocompatibility of IAS in (renal) SLE, it is still an experimental and rather expensive procedure - and evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is lacking. Nevertheless, IAS is successfully used in life-threatening situations because of its fast mode of action and its acceptable safety profile.
WWOX : A candidate tumor suppressor gene involved in multiple tumor types (2001)

We previously reported the construction of a P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) contig encompassing a set of homozygous deletions of chromosome 16q23-24.1 found in primary ovarian tumor material and several tumor cell lines. Using these PAC clones in a cDNA selection experiment, we have isolated a Sau3A fragment homologous to the WWOX transcript (GenBank accession no. ) from normal human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cells. We demonstrate the homozygous deletion of WWOX exons from ovarian cancer cells and three different tumor cell lines. We also identify an internally deleted WWOX transcript from a further primary ovarian tumor. In three of these samples the deletions result in frameshifts, and in each case the resulting WWOX transcripts lack part, or all, of the short chain dehydrogenase domain and the putative mitochondrial localization signal. Sequencing revealed several missense polymorphisms in tumor cell lines and identified a high level of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the WWOX gene. This evidence strengthens the case for WWOX as a tumor suppressor gene in ovarian cancer and other tumor types.
Thermostabilization of a Cytochrome P450 Peroxygenase (2003)

Some like it hot: We previously described a laboratory-evolved variant of the cytochrome P450 BM-3 heme domain which functions as a peroxide-driven hydroxylase (peroxygenase, see picture). This biocatalyst does not require additional proteins or NADPH to drive hydroxylation and is amenable to further improvements through protein engineering. Here we describe a thermostable variant whose half-life at 57.5 °C is 50 times that of the F87A variant and 250 times that of the wildtype holoenzyme.
The M06 suite of density functionals for main group thermochemistry, thermochemical kinetics, noncovalent interactions, excited states, and transition elements: two new functionals and systematic testing of four M06-class functionals and 12 other functionals (2007)

We present two new hybrid meta exchange- correlation functionals, called M06 and M06-2X. The M06 functional is parametrized including both transition metals and nonmetals, whereas the M06-2X functional is a high-nonlocality functional with double the amount of nonlocal exchange (2X), and it is parametrized only for nonmetals.The functionals, along with the previously published M06-L local functional and the M06-HF full-Hartree–Fock functionals, constitute the M06 suite of complementary functionals. We assess these four functionals by comparing their performance to that of 12 other functionals and Hartree–Fock theory for 403 energetic data in 29 diverse databases, including ten databases for thermochemistry, four databases for kinetics, eight databases for noncovalent interactions, three databases for transition metal bonding, one database for metal atom excitation energies, and three databases for molecular excitation energies. We also illustrate the performance of these 17 methods for three databases containing 40 bond lengths and for databases containing 38 vibrational frequencies and 15 vibrational zero point energies. We recommend the M06-2X functional for applications involving main-group thermochemistry, kinetics, noncovalent interactions, and electronic excitation energies to valence and Rydberg states. We recommend the M06 functional for application in organometallic and inorganometallic chemistry and for noncovalent interactions.
Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery: An Integrated Program in Dermatology (1996)

What Fundamental Information Is Necessary to Understand Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery? What Disorders Present with Inflamed Skin? What Diseases Cause Blistering of the Skin? What Diseases Are Caused By Environmental Exposure of Physical Trauma? What Disorders Change the Structure of the Dermis? What Infections and Infestations Affect the Skin? What Diseases Alter Skin Color? What Diseases Alter Hair, Nails, And Sweat Glands? What Diseases Alter Mucous Membranes? What Benign and Malignant Proliferations of Cells Affect the Skin and How Are They Treated? What Diseases of the Skin Are Malformations or Are Predominantly Inherited? What Are the Disorders of Deposition and Cellular Secretion? What Are the Dermatologic Manifestations of Internal Disease? What Are the Dermatologic Disorders Commonly Found in Pediatrics?
New England journal (1999)

Sunday: United States immigration officials are scary. In my student days they sniffed my toothpaste—or was it the Customs? The huge shoulder badges still intimidate me, even here in Shannon airport where the lady with the stamp tries to inject world weary gruffness into her west of Ireland brogue.

Monday: “Grand rounds” suggests big processions from bed to bed, or a series of cases with obscure Bostonian diagnoses to challenge the visiting professor. It actually means …
Use of Prostaglandin F2α as a Postpartum Reproductive Management Tool for Lactating Dairy Cows (1995)

This study compared three programs for reproductive management of the postpartum period for reproductive performance and net economic benefit within three dairy herds (n = 1624 cows). Cows on one program received PGF alpha injection at 25 to 32 d postpartum for reproductive therapy, and cows on a second program received additional PGF2 alpha at 39 to 46 d postpartum for synchronization of estrus. These programs were compared with a postpartum program of rectal palpation based on veterinary intervention. Survival analysis indicated that cows receiving PGF2 alpha for reproductive therapy and synchronization of estrus had an 11% higher rate of first AI and 10% higher rate of pregnancy than did cows receiving the rectal palpation. No differences existed between the cows receiving rectal palpation and those receiving the PGF2 alpha. Because overall conception rates and conception rates at first AI did not differ among programs, the improved reproductive performance of cows receiving PGF2 alpha for both therapy and synchronization may be attributed to greater synchronization of estrus, which resulted in improved estrus detection. A partial budget indicated that the PGF2 alpha programs were less expensive than the rectal palpation program. When PGF2 alpha was used for postpartum reproductive therapy and synchronization of estrus, reproductive performance and net economic benefit were increased compared with those of the other programs.
FingerPad (2013)

We present FingerPad, a nail-mounted device that turns the tip of the index finger into a touchpad, allowing private and subtle interaction while on the move. FingerPad enables touch input using magnetic tracking, by adding a Hall sensor grid on the index fingernail, and a magnet on the thumbnail. Since it permits input through the pinch gesture, FingerPad is suitable for private use because the movements of the fingers in a pinch are subtle and are naturally hidden by the hand. Functionally, FingerPad resembles a touchpad, and also allows for eyes-free use. Additionally, since the necessary devices are attached to the nails, FingerPad preserves natural haptic feedback without affecting the native function of the fingertips. Through user study, we analyze the three design factors, namely posture, commitment method and target size, to assess the design of the FingerPad. Though the results show some trade-off among the factors, generally participants achieve 93% accuracy for very small targets (1.2mm-width) in the seated condition, and 92% accuracy for 2.5mm-width targets in the walking condition.
Characterization of a Toxin A-Negative, Toxin B-Positive Strain of Clostridium difficile Responsible for a Nosocomial Outbreak of Clostridium difficile -Associated Diarrhea (2000)

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CAD) is a very common nosocomial infection that contributes significantly to patient morbidity and mortality as well as to the cost of hospitalization. Previously, strains of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive C. difficile were not thought to be associated with clinically significant disease. This study reports the characterization of a toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive strain of C. difficile that was responsible for a recently described nosocomial outbreak of CAD. Analysis of the seven patient isolates from the outbreak by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated that this outbreak was due to transmission of a single strain of C. difficile. Our characterization of this strain (HSC98) has demonstrated that the toxin A gene lacks 1.8 kb from the carboxy repetitive oligopeptide (CROP) region but apparently has no other major deletions from other regions of the toxin A or toxin B gene. The remaining 1.3-kb fragment of the toxin A CROP region from strain HSC98 showed 98% sequence homology with strain 1470, previously reported by M. Weidmann in 1997 (GenBank accession number Y12616), suggesting that HSC98 is toxinotype VIII. The HSC98 strain infecting patients involved in this outbreak produced the full spectrum of clinical illness usually associated with C. difficile-associated disease. This pathogenic spectrum was manifest despite the inability of this strain to alter tight junctions as determined by using in vitro tissue culture testing, which suggested that no functional toxin A was produced by this strain.
Intramolecular catalysis of amide hydrolysis by the carboxy-group. Rate determining proton transfer from external general acids in the hydrolysis of substituted maleamic acids (1974)

The highly efficient intramolecular catalysis by the carboxy-group of the hydrolysis of simple dialkylmaleamic acids is itself subject to external general acid catalysis. The kinetic characteristics of the general acid catalysed reaction are those expected for a diffusion-controlled proton transfer. At high concentrations of general acid, external catalysis disappears. This is shown to result from a change in rate-determining step, and is thus evidence for an intermediate on the reaction pathway. The intermediate can only reasonably be a tetrahedral addition intermediate. Kinetic evidence is now available for all the major steps on the reaction pathway, and the requirements for an enzyme catalyst carrying out the reaction can be specified in detail. The full mechanism specifically implicates the O-protonated amide as the reactive species in dilute acid.
Biochemical and functional similarities between human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and eosinophil cationic protein: homology with ribonuclease. (1986)

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were isolated from lysates of human eosinophil granules by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography on heparin-Sepharose. Radioimmunoassay, using monoclonal antibodies, of fractions from the heparin-Sepharose chromatography showed one peak of EDN activity and two peaks of ECP activity (termed ECP-1 and ECP-2). EDN, ECP-1, and ECP-2 each exhibited heterogeneity in charge and molecular weight when analyzed by two-dimensional nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis and NaDodSO4/PAGE. Digestion of EDN with endoglycosidase F (endo F) decreased its molecular weight and charge heterogeneity. Thus, END likely contains a single complex oligosaccharide. Endo F digestion of ECP-1 and ECP-2 decreased the molecular weight of both polypeptides, indicating that both likely contain at least one complex oligosaccharide. Amino acid sequence analyses showed that ECP-1 and ECP-2 are identical from residue 1 through residue 59 and that the sequences of EDN and ECP are highly homologous (37 of 55 residues identical). Both EDN and ECP NH2-terminal sequences showed significant homology to RNase, especially in regions of the RNase molecule involved in ligand binding. EDN, ECP-1, and ECP-2 had neurotoxic activity, causing the Gordon phenomenon at doses down to 0.15 micrograms when injected into the cisterna magna; the proteins were comparable in their activities. These results indicate that EDN and ECP are related proteins and suggest that they derived from genes associated with the RNase family.
Efficacy of a canarypox-vectored recombinant vaccine expressing the hemagglutinin gene of equine influenza H3N8 virus in the protection of ponies from viral challenge (2007)

The rCP-EIV vaccine provided protection of ponies to viral challenge. Of particular importance was the protection at 5 months after the second dose, indicating that this vaccine closes an immunity gap between the second and third vaccination.
The Janus face of glial-derived S100B: Beneficial and detrimental functions in the brain (2003)

Glia play active and vital roles in the CNS, including regulation of brain development, maintenance of cellular homeostasis and reparative responses to acute and chronic neurologic insults. However, in pathological conditions, glial function may be dysregulated resulting in enhanced neuroinflammation and further neurologic injury. The fundamental concept that aberrant regulation of a normally beneficial process may instead result in pathology is exemplified by the properties of the glial-derived protein, S100B. In the developing brain and following acute glial activation in response to injury, S100B acts as a neurotrophic factor and neuronal survival protein. In contrast, overproduction of S100B by activated glia can lead to exacerbation of neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction. This duality of S100B actions, both reparative and degenerative, is consistent with the compelling clinical evidence of the association between increases in S100B levels and outcome following brain injury. S100B levels generally correlate with the severity of damage and may have predictive value for adverse neurological outcomes. The cumulative data support the potential of S100B as a biomarker for brain damage, implicate glial activation as a possible treatment target in acute and chronic CNS disorders, and highlight the dual role of glia in the reparative and pathologic responses to neurologic injury.
Proline-directed and Non-proline-directed Phosphorylation of PHF-tau (1995)

To gain insight into the abnormal phosphorylation of PHF-tau, we have determined the phosphorylation sites by identifying phosphopeptides by means of ion spray mass spectrometry followed by sequencing of ethane-thiol-modified peptides. Nineteen sites have been identified; all but Ser-262 are localized to the amino- and carboxyl-terminal flanking regions of the microtubule-binding domain. Eleven sites correspond to fetal type sites. Unexpectedly, 10 are non-proline-directed, whereas the others are proline-directed. Thus, the abnormal phosphorylation of PHF-tau can be considered to consist of fetal type phosphorylation and additional proline-directed and non-proline-directed phosphorylation. This non-fetal type phosphorylation may provide PHF-tau with the unusual characteristics.
Complex genetic control of susceptibility to malaria: positional cloning of the Char9 locus (2007)

Mouse strains AcB55 and AcB61 are resistant to malaria by virtue of a mutation in erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (Pklr(I90N)). Linkage analysis in [AcB55 x A/J] F2 mice detected a second locus (Char9; logarithm of odds = 4.74) that regulates the blood-stage replication of Plasmodium chabaudi AS independently of Pklr. We characterized the 77 genes of the Char9 locus for tissue-specific expression, strain-specific alterations in gene expression, and polymorphic variants that are possibly associated with differential susceptibility. We identified Vnn1/Vnn3 as the likely candidates responsible for Char9. Vnn3/Vnn1 map within a conserved haplotype block and show expression levels that are strictly cis-regulated by this haplotype. The absence of Vnn messenger RNA expression and lack of pantetheinase protein activity in tissues are associated with susceptibility to malaria and are linked to a complex rearrangement in the Vnn3 promoter region. The A/J strain also carries a unique nonsense mutation that leads to a truncated protein. Vanin genes code for a pantetheinase involved in the production of cysteamine, a key regulator of host responses to inflammatory stimuli. Administration of cystamine in vivo partially corrects susceptibility to malaria in A/J mice, as measured by reduced blood parasitemia and decreased mortality. These studies suggest that pantetheinase is critical for the host response to malaria.
Influenza virus neuraminidase: Structure, antibodies, and inhibitors (1994)

The determination of the 3-dimensional structure of the influenza virus neuraminidase in 1983 has served as a platform for understanding interactions between antibodies and protein antigens, for investigating antigenic variation in influenza viruses, and for devising new inhibitors of the enzyme. That work is reviewed here, together with more recent developments that have resulted in one of the inhibitors entering clinical trials as an anti-influenza virus drug.
Effect of induced alkalosis on exhaustive leg press performance (1998)

This may be a result of a lower demand on the whole body metabolic system in comparison with that for other modes of exercise in which ergogenic effects have been found.