gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Innate Immune Cells in Liver Inflammation (2012)

Innate immune system is the first line of defence against invading pathogens that is critical for the overall survival of the host. Human liver is characterised by a dual blood supply, with 80% of blood entering through the portal vein carrying nutrients and bacterial endotoxin from the gastrointestinal tract. The liver is thus constantly exposed to antigenic loads. Therefore, pathogenic microorganism must be efficiently eliminated whilst harmless antigens derived from the gastrointestinal tract need to be tolerized in the liver. In order to achieve this, the liver innate immune system is equipped with multiple cellular components; monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells which coordinate to exert tolerogenic environment at the same time detect, respond, and eliminate invading pathogens, infected or transformed self to mount immunity. This paper will discuss the innate immune cells that take part in human liver inflammation, and their roles in both resolution of inflammation and tissue repair.
Mapping of immunoreactive antigens of Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (2002)

Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica is the common causal agent of tularemia in Europe. Besides clinical signs, the diagnosis of the disease mostly depends on serological tests. To date, there is a lack of information about the F. tularensis antigens that induce antibody response. Therefore, we have started comprehensive mapping of immunoreactive antigens using the attenuated live vaccine strain of F. tularensis LVS originating from the European virulent strain. For this purpose, the immunoreactivity of sera collected from patients suffering from tularemia, together with the control sera of patients with Lyme disease and healthy blood donors, were examined by means of one-dimensional and two-dimensional immunoblotting. Furthermore, whole cell bacterial lysates, isolated integral membrane proteins and basic proteins were exploited as antigens. By this approach more than 80 different immunorelevant antigens were detected. Most of them came from whole cell bacterial lysate and integral membrane proteins. Conversely, only a negligible reaction was found in the case of basic proteins. Forty-five spots were further selected for mass spectrometric analyses and 22 of them were annotated. Among the spots that provided characteristic reactions with sera from patients with tularemia, 60 kDa and 10 kDa chaperonins that occurred in several charge and mass variants, predominated.
Collision avoidance techniques for packet-radio networks (1998)

Medium access control for devices that share a particular medium is a fundamental problem in communications networks. We present a new protocol for medium access control called floor acquisition multiple access (FAMA). Floor acquisition protocols guarantee data packets are received without collisions from other packets. We present FAMA protocols for both single and multiple channel devices operating in ad-hoc packet radio networks. We present analytical and simulation results for FAMA protocols.
Gene Vaccination for the Induction of Immune Tolerance (2007)

DNA vaccination is a strategy of immunization based on the injection of a gene encoding for a target protein with the goal of eliciting a potentially protective immune response in the host. Compared to traditional immunization procedures, DNA vaccination offers several advantages: increased availability of antigenic peptides because of the endogenous and long-term synthesis of the gene product, improved antigen processing and presentation, possibility of antigen structure modeling through molecular engineering, coexpression of immunologically relevant agents, and low cost of vaccine production. Although the choice of the most appropriate vector for gene transfer may still be controversial, the application of DNA vaccination to the treatment of autoimmune diseases in different experimental animal models has demonstrated the great potential of this procedure for therapeutic purposes. DNA vaccination has been successful in protecting mice from the development of organ-specific autoimmunity (experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), autoimmune diabetes, experimental arthritis, experimental uveitis) as well as systemic autoimmune disease (systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome). The protection appears to be highly influenced by the capacity of DNA vaccination to modulate immune responses affecting the Th1, Th2 and, importantly, the T cell immunoregulatory arms. We review here the experimental evidence and most recent data supporting the use of DNA vaccination in the induction of immune tolerance.
Inheritance of static and dynamic arm strength and some of its determinants (1998)

Maximal static, eccentric and concentric torques and arm components estimated by anthropometry and measured by computed tomography were evaluated in 25 male monozygotic twins and 16 dizygotic twins (22.4 +/- 3.7 years). The importance of genetic and environmental factors in the observed variation in these measurements was estimated by genetic model-fitting techniques. In this sample of young adult male twins, genetic factors were significant in most of the strength measurements, arm muscle components and muscle activation variables. The contribution of genetic factors in strength measures depended on the angle, contraction type and to some extent on contraction velocity. For isometric strength, angle-specificity in genetic and environmental variation could be attributed to the degree of variability in muscle activation and performance discomfort at each specific angle, with the highest unique environmental impact at extreme angles. The high genetic contribution at 170 degrees, but not at 50 degrees, possibly expressed different contributions of genetic factors in the muscle-length factor and moment arm in torques at both angles. The importance of genetic factors in eccentric arm flexor strength (62-82%) was larger than for concentric flexion (29-65%), as the pattern of genetic determination followed the torque-velocity curve. Genetic variations in contractile and elastic components, contributing differently to eccentric and concentric torques, together with velocity-dependent actin-myosin binding factors, could account for the observed differences. The broad heritability was very high for all anthropometric and arm cross-sectional area measurements (> 85%) and common environmental factors were only significant for anthropometrically estimated mid-arm muscle tissue are (48%). Heritability estimates of different arm muscularity measurements were comparable.
Structures of shorthorn sculpin antifreeze polypeptides (1985)

The amino acid sequences of the two major antifreeze polypeptides (AFP) from the shorthorn sculpin have been determined using an automatic protein sequencer and enzymic digestion. These two polypeptides, SS-3 and SS-8, consist of 33 and 45 amino acid residues respectively. The N-terminal methionyl residue is blocked in both the polypeptides. When aligned for maximum structural similarity these two AFP are 80% homologous, and there appears a deletion of 12 amino acid residues at the N-terminal portion of SS-3. Like the winter flounder AFP, both the sculpin AFP also contain the 11-amino-acid repeat sequences. The secondary structure of the sculpin AFP is mainly alpha-helical as deduced from circular dichroic spectral data. The helical content of SS-8 is high (73%), while that of SS-3 is moderate (about 45%). The latter exhibits a relatively weak antifreeze activity. Removal of the blocked N-terminal residue in SS-8 did not alter the helical content significantly but did reduce the antifreeze activity. Helical contents of proteolytically generated fragments of AFP are much lower, and they are devoid of activity. The alpha-helix in the SS-8 component is seen to be amphiphilic in character. The relevance of this feature to the mechanism of the antifreeze action is briefly discussed.
Antimuscarinic Effects of Antihistamines: Quantitative Evaluation by Receptor-Binding Assay (1987)

Quantitative evaluation of antimuscarinic effects of antihistamines (H1 and H2-receptor antagonists) was carried out using a receptor-binding assay. The inhibition constants (K1 values) of twenty seven H1-receptor antagonists, one related antidepressant and three H2-receptor antagonists at H1-receptors and muscarinic receptors in the bovine cerebral cortex were determined. All the H2-receptor antagonists examined showed very low affinity for the muscarinic receptors. On the other hand, some H1-receptor antagonists (mequitazine, cyproheptazine, clemastine, diphenylpyraline, promethazine, homochlorcyclizine and alimemazine) had high affinity for the muscarinic receptors (Ki = 5.0–38 nM). Another group of H1-receptor antagonists (mepyramine, terfenadme, metapyrilen, azelastine, hydroxyzine and meclizine) had low affinity for the muscarinic receptors (Ki = 3,600–30,000 nM). Thus, a broad range of antimuscarinic potencies among the antihistamines was demonstrated. These results should provide helpful information with regard to the clinical and experimental use of antihistamines.
Lack of IL-2 cytokine expression despite Il-2 messenger RNA transcription in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in primary human breast carcinoma: selective expression of early activation markers (1996)

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are found in most human infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas. In studies of other tumors, TIL were capable of activation by IL-2, both in vitro and in vivo, to produce selective tumor cytolysis. Specific TIL-mediated tumor cytolysis in human breast tumors has recently been reported. The large numbers of TIL within human breast cancers imply that an immune response is occurring, since many of these cells express HLA class II as a late activation marker. However, the degree of early activation of the native TIL in breast tumors has not been fully investigated. Early activation markers CD69, CD43, and CD38 together with the IL-2R (CD25) and IL-2 cytokine were examined using mAbs and tissue section immunohistology. In situ hybridization was used to detect IL-2 mRNA (IL-2 mRNA) in parallel with immunohistochemical localization of IL-2. The results revealed the expression of CD69, CD43, and CD38, but markedly low CD25 (IL-2R) and IL-2 protein expression by the TIL. This strongly indicates that the TIL are an activated population of T cells that shows a deficiency in IL-2 protein and IL-2R expression despite adequate levels of IL-2 mRNA. The mechanism for apparent inhibition of IL-2 production and IL-2R expression in the presence of IL-2 mRNA is currently unclear; however, this may explain the relative anergic state of native TIL.
ENDONUCLEASE II OF E. coli , I. ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION (1969)

The isolation and purification of a new endonuclease of E. coli is described. This enzyme degrades alkylated DNA as assayed by a technique that requires double-strand scission. The enzyme also makes a limited number of single-strand breaks in native nonalkylated DNA.
Retinoid production using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli with a two-phase culture system (2011)

In this study, we successfully produced 136 mg/L retinoids, which were composed of 67 mg/L retinal, 54 mg/L retinol, and 15 mg/L retinyl acetate, using a two-phase culture system with dodecane, which produced 68-fold more retinoids than the initial level of production (2.2 mg/L). Our results demonstrate the potential use of E. coli as a promising microbial cell factory for retinoid production.
Vapor pressures and triple point temperatures for several pure fluorocarbons (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor pressures and triple point temperatures for several pure fluorocarbonsGene A. Crowder, Zelma Lowell Taylor, Thomas McKennan Reed III, and John Adams YoungCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1967, 12, 4, 481–485Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60035a005https://doi.org/10.1021/je60035a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views388Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of an Immunodominant ABC Transporter in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections (2000)

Immunoblotting sera from 26 patients with septicemia due to an epidemic strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA-15), 6 of whom died, revealed an immunodominant EMRSA-15 antigen at 61 kDa. There was a statistically significant correlate (P < 0.001) between survival and immunoglobulin G to the 61-kDa band. The antigen was identified by sequencing positive clones obtained by screening a genomic expression library of EMRSA-15 with pooled sera from patients taken after the septicemic episode. Eluted antibody reacted with the 61-kDa antigen on immunoblots. The amino terminus was obtained by searching the S. aureus NCTC 8325 and MRSA strain COL databases, and the whole protein was expressed in Escherichia coli TOP 10F'. The derived amino acid sequence showed homology with ABC transporters, with paired Walker A and Walker B motifs and 73% homology to YkpA from Bacillus subtilis. Epitope mapping of the derived amino acid sequence with sera from patients who had recovered from EMRSA-15 septicemia delineated seven epitopes. Three of these epitopes, represented by peptides 1 (KIKVYVGNYDFWYQS), 2 (TVIVVSHDRHFLYNNV), and 3 (TETFLRGFLGRMLFS), were synthesized and used to isolate human recombinant antibodies from a phage antibody display library. Recombinant antibodies against peptides 1 and 2 gave logarithmic reductions in organ colony counts, compared with control groups, in a mouse model of the infection. This study suggests the potential role of an ABC transporter as a target for immunotherapy.
43.1: Low‐power Display System Driven by Utilizing Technique Using Crystalline IGZO Transistor (2012)

Abstract The low‐power display technology of liquid crystal display (LCD) including crystalline IGZO by variable frame frequency has been previously reported. Application of the technology to controller and processor unit as well as the LCD and the driver(s) proposes a method for saving power of the whole display system.
Deep venous thrombosis: US assessment using vein compression. (1987)

To assess vein compressibility as a simple ultrasound (US) technique to determine the presence of venous thrombi, 51 patients undergoing contrast material venography of the lower extremity because of a clinical suspicion of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) also underwent high-resolution US evaluation of the veins. DVT was diagnosed on 28 venograms. In 25 patients US studies demonstrated non-compressibility of the veins, indicating the presence of clot. In 23 patients with normal venograms, US examinations demonstrated total compressibility of the veins, indicating the absence of DVT. Clots below the knee were not depicted by US. In this study US had a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 100%.
Dietary fat increases high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels both by increasing the transport rates and decreasing the fractional catabolic rates of HDL cholesterol ester and apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I. Presentation of a new animal model and mechanistic studies in human Apo A-I transgenic and control mice. (1993)

In humans, diets high in saturated fat and cholesterol raise HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. To explore the mechanism, we have devised a mouse model that mimics the human situation. In this model, HuAITg and control mice were studied on low fat (9% cal)-low cholesterol (57 mg/1,000 kcal) (chow) and high fat (41% cal)-high cholesterol (437 mg/1,000 kcal) (milk-fat based) diets. The mice responded to increased dietary fat by increasing both HDL-C and apo A-I levels, with a greater increase in HDL-C levels. This was compatible with an increase in HDL size observed by nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Turnover studies with doubly labeled HDL showed that dietary fat both increase the transport rate (TR) and decreased the fractional catabolic rate of HDL cholesterol ester (CE) and apo A-I, with the largest effect on HDL CE TR. The latter suggested that dietary fat increases reverse cholesterol transport through the HDL pathway, perhaps as an adaptation to the metabolic load of a high fat diet. The increase in apo A-I TR by dietary fat was confirmed by experiments showing increased apo A-I secretion from primary hepatocytes isolated from animals on the high fat diet. The increased apo A-I production was not associated with any increase in hepatic or intestinal apo A-I mRNA, suggesting that the mechanism of the dietary fat effect was posttranscriptional, involving either increased translatability of the apo A-I mRNA or less intracellular apo A-I degradation. The dietary fat-induced decrease in HDL CE and apo A-I fractional catabolic rate may have been caused by the increase in HDL particle size, as was suggested by our previous studies in humans. In summary, a mouse model has been developed and experiments performed to better understand the paradoxical HDL-raising effect of a high fat diet.
Pulmonary nodules: improved detection with vascular segmentation and extraction with spiral CT. Work in progress. (1995)

Automated vessel subtraction and extraction improves detection of pulmonary nodules.
Multiclade Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Immunogens Elicit Broad Cellular and Humoral Immunity in Rhesus Monkeys (2005)

The development of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine that elicits potent cellular and humoral immune responses recognizing divergent strains of HIV-1 will be critical for combating the global AIDS epidemic. The present studies were initiated to examine the magnitude and breadth of envelope (Env)-specific T-lymphocyte and antibody responses generated by vaccines containing either a single or multiple genetically distant HIV-1 Env immunogens. Rhesus monkeys were immunized with DNA prime-recombinant adenovirus boost vaccines encoding a Gag-Pol-Nef polyprotein in combination with either a single Env or a mixture of clade-A, clade-B, and clade-C Envs. Monkeys receiving the multiclade Env immunization developed robust immune responses to all vaccine antigens and, importantly, a greater breadth of Env recognition than monkeys immunized with vaccines including a single Env immunogen. All groups of vaccinated monkeys demonstrated equivalent immune protection following challenge with the pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6P. These data suggest that a multicomponent vaccine encoding Env proteins from multiple clades of HIV-1 can generate broad Env-specific T-lymphocyte and antibody responses without antigenic interference. This study demonstrates that it is possible to generate protective immune responses by vaccination with genetically diverse isolates of HIV-1.
Corneal Distribution of Riboflavin Prior to Collagen Cross-Linking (2010)

Purpose: To evaluate the distribution of riboflavin in the corneal stroma, under varying concentrations and application time.Materials and Methods: In 54 porcine eyes, the central corneal epithelium was removed, and 0.035, 0.1, or 0.2% riboflavin-5-phosphate (in 20% Dextran T-500) was applied for 10, 20, or 30 min (3 × 6 corneas in each of the 3 groups). Trephined corneal buttons were examined using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Stromal riboflavin distribution and concentration was determined by measuring riboflavin fluorescence in optical sections at 10 µm intervals through the entire cornea. The procedure was repeated in 7 human corneal donor grafts using 0.1% riboflavin-5-phosphate for 20 or 30 min.Results: In porcine corneas, fluorescence intensity peaked within the first 50 µm followed by a steep decline to baseline. Increasing the riboflavin concentration from 0.1 to 0.2% did not increase stromal depth propagation, although a higher concentration in the anterior 200 µm was observed. Reducing the riboflavin application time from 30 to 20 min had no impact on corneal depth propagation or total riboflavin uptake. However, a 10-min further reduction of the application time caused a significantly reduced riboflavin uptake. In all human corneas, fluorescence peaked within the anterior 50 µm, followed by a steep decline to baseline over the next 200 µm; similar to the observations in porcine corneas. The human corneas imbibed more riboflavin compared to the porcine corneas.Conclusions: In human and porcine corneas, riboflavin does not appear to fully load the corneal stroma using the current clinical procedure. Instead, the uptake appears to be limited to the anterior approximately 200 µm. Changes in application time and riboflavin concentration have only little influence on stromal depth diffusion.
A conversational mode airline information and reservation system using speech input and output (2005)

We describe a conversational mode speech understanding system which enables its user to make airline reservations and obtain timetable information through a spoken dialog. The system is structured as a three level hierarchy consisting of an acoustic word recognizer, a syntax analyzer and a semantic processor. The semantic level controls an audio response system making two way speech communication possible. The system is highly robust and operates on-line in a few times real time on a laboratory minicomputer. The speech communication channel is a standard telephone set connected to the computer by an ordinary dialed-up line.