gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Valence Band Dependent Charge Transport in Bulk Molecular Electronic Devices Incorporating Highly Conjugated Multi-[(Porphinato)Metal] Oligomers (2016)

Molecular electronics offers the potential to control device functions through the fundamental electronic properties of individual molecules, but realization of such possibilities is typically frustrated when such specialized molecules are integrated into a larger area device. Here we utilize highly conjugated (porphinato)metal-based oligomers (PM(n) structures) as molecular wire components of nanotransfer printed (nTP) molecular junctions; electrical characterization of these "bulk" nTP devices highlights device resistances that depend on PM(n) wire length. Device resistance measurements, determined as a function of PM(n) molecular length, were utilized to evaluate the magnitude of a phenomenological β corresponding to the resistance decay parameter across the barrier; these data show that the magnitude of this β value is modulated via porphyrin macrocycle central metal atom substitution [β(PZn(n); 0.065 Å(-1)) < β(PCu(n); 0.132 Å(-1)) < β(PNi(n); 0.176 Å(-1))]. Cyclic voltammetric data, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopic studies carried out at gold surfaces, demonstrate that these nTP device resistances track with the valence band energy levels of the PM(n) wire, which were modulated via porphyrin macrocycle central metal atom substitution. This study demonstrates the ability to fabricate "bulk" and scalable electronic devices in which function derives from the electronic properties of discrete single molecules, and underscores how a critical device function--wire resistance--may be straightforwardly engineered by PM(n) molecular composition.
Mitochondrial transfer between cells can rescue aerobic respiration (2006)

Current theory indicates that mitochondria were obtained 1.5 billion years ago from an ancient prokaryote. The mitochondria provided the capacity for aerobic respiration, the creation of the eukaryotic cell, and eventually complex multicellular organisms. Recent reports have found that mitochondria play essential roles in aging and determining lifespan. A variety of heritable and acquired diseases are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. We report here that mitochondria are more dynamic than previously considered: mitochondria or mtDNA can move between cells. The active transfer from adult stem cells and somatic cells can rescue aerobic respiration in mammalian cells with nonfunctional mitochondria.
Selective chemical modifications of dextran (1985)

Abstract Specific modification of the reducing end group of dextran has been achieved using the reductive amination procedure and solvent systems designed to optimize polymer reactivity. Dextran fraction (with M w ranging from 10,000 to 500,000 daltons) were derivatized with [ 14 C]‐octadecylamine in yields of up to 60% to afford the corresponding alkyl dextrans which are of interest as affinity ligands. Reactive dextran intermediates with terminal amine, carboxyl, and aldehyde functions were prepared using sodium cyanoborohydride and ammonium acetate, glycine, and glucosamine, respectively. The dextran glucosamine derivative was further modified by reductive amination with octadecylamine. Similarly, condensation of dextran with streptomycin produced a new type of cationic derivative bearing a terminal, branched saccharide residue. Other reducing‐end modifications included nitroxide‐spin labelling, covalent attachment to aminopropyl‐activated glass beads, and a carbodiimide‐mediated amidation of carboxyl—dextran. The reductive amination method was also applied to guar gum and locust bean gum.
Improved Method for Tissue Preservation in Murine Atherosclerotic Lesion Tissue (1998)

The ability to evaluate atherosclerotic lesions in animal studies is dependent on the integrity of the tissue of interest. We compared a variety of experimental methods currently in use for preparing and staining atherosclerotic lesions with oil red O in mouse aortic tissue cryosections. We found that perfusion fixation, sucrose infiltration, mounting on Vectabond coated slides, and staining with a propylene glycol based oil red O with Gill I11 hematoxylin as a counterstain enhanced morphological preservation of the tissue and reduced tissue artifact and poor staining of the sections often encountered when methods employing gelatin embedding are used. (The J Histotechnol 21:33, 1998)
Developing an immersive ultrasound guided needle puncture simulator. (2009)

We present an integrated system for training ultrasound guided needle puncture. Our aim is to provide a cost effective and validated training tool that uses actual patient data to enable interventional radiology trainees to learn how to carry out image-guided needle puncture. The input data required is a computed tomography scan of the patient that is used to create the patient specific models. Force measurements have been made on real tissue and the resulting data is incorporated into the simulator. Respiration and soft tissue deformations are also carried out to further improve the fidelity of the simulator.
A Recombinant Human Hemoglobin with Anti-sickling Properties Greater than Fetal Hemoglobin (2004)

A new recombinant, human anti-sickling beta-globin polypeptide designated beta(AS3) (betaGly(16) --> Asp/betaGlu(22) --> Ala/betaThr(87) --> Gln) was designed to increase affinity for alpha-globin. The amino acid substitutions at beta22 and beta87 are located at axial and lateral contacts of the sickle hemoglobin (HbS) polymers and strongly inhibit deoxy-HbS polymerization. The beta16 substitution confers the recombinant beta-globin subunit (beta(AS3)) with a competitive advantage over beta(S) for interaction with the alpha-globin polypeptide. Transgenic mouse lines that synthesize high levels of HbAS3 (alpha(2)beta(AS3)(2)) were established, and recombinant HbAS3 was purified from hemolysates and then characterized. HbAS3 binds oxygen cooperatively and has an oxygen affinity that is comparable with fetal hemoglobin. Delay time experiments demonstrate that HbAS3 is a potent inhibitor of HbS polymerization. Subunit competition studies confirm that beta(AS3) has a distinct advantage over beta(S) for dimerization with alpha-globin. When equal amounts of beta(S)- and beta(AS3)-globin monomers compete for limiting alpha-globin chains up to 82% of the tetramers formed is HbAS3. Knock-out transgenic mice that express exclusively human HbAS3 were produced. When these mice were bred with knock-out transgenic sickle mice the beta(AS3) polypeptides corrected all hematological parameters and organ pathology associated with the disease. Expression of beta(AS3)-globin should effectively lower the concentration of HbS in erythrocytes of patients with sickle cell disease, especially in the 30% percent of these individuals who coinherit alpha-thalassemia. Therefore, constructs expressing the beta(AS3)-globin gene may be suitable for future clinical trials for sickle cell disease.
Cre Recombinase and Other Tyrosine Recombinases (2016)

Tyrosine-type site-specific recombinases (T-SSRs) have opened new avenues for the predictable modification of genomes as they enable precise genome editing in heterologous hosts. These enzymes are ubiquitous in eubacteria, prevalent in archaea and temperate phages, present in certain yeast strains, but barely found in higher eukaryotes. As tools they find increasing use for the generation and systematic modification of genomes in a plethora of organisms. If applied in host organisms, they enable precise DNA cleavage and ligation without the gain or loss of nucleotides. Criteria directing the choice of the most appropriate T-SSR system for genetic engineering include that, whenever possible, the recombinase should act independent of cofactors and that the target sequences should be long enough to be unique in a given genome. This review is focused on recent advancements in our mechanistic understanding of simple T-SSRs and their application in developmental and synthetic biology, as well as in biomedical research.
Identification of alloys using single shot laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2002)

Single shot laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-TOFMS) has been developed as a method for the rapid identification of alloy samples. This technique provides good accuracy for elemental concentrations greater than 0.1 percent by mass from samples with a range of different matrix compositions. Through the simultaneous measurement of all elements present within a cloud of ablated particles, relative percent composition values are measured that can be directly compared with certified concentrations. Cluster analysis has been used to successfully classify 33 metal alloys based on the measurement of 15 elements. Additionally, cluster analysis was used to identify the samples from a library of standard reference values. For the 15 alloys used to train this method, the correct standard was identified in greater than 99% of measurements. The only failed identification in the training set may have been due to elemental fractionation experienced with a brass sample. For the 18 standards used to validate the technique, samples were identified with a 93% success rate. Misidentifications may have been caused by inaccurate certified data. Several alloys investigated in this study were less than 500 µm in length at their largest dimension and weighed less than one milligram.
Anti-tumour effects of a xenogeneic fibroblast activation protein-based whole cell tumour vaccine in murine tumour models (2019)

The clinical benefit of cancer immunotherapy, including tumour vaccines, is influenced by immunosuppressive factors in the tumour microenvironment. Among these factors, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their products, such as fibroblast activation protein-α (FAPα), greatly affect tumourigenesis, development, metastasis and treatment tolerance, which make them promising immunotherapy targets for cancer patients. Our previous study reported that a whole cell tumour vaccine (WCTV) expressing FAPα inhibited tumour growth by simultaneously attacking cancer cells and CAFs. This study aimed to improve WCTVs with xenoantigens to end immune tolerance and to further activate the adaptive immune system. In the present study, we designed a WCTV by transducing a vector encoding human FAPα (hFAPα) into murine tumour cells and evaluated its efficacy in multiple solid tumour models. Immunotherapy with this WCTV effectively delayed tumour growth and prevented recurrence. The anti-tumour responses were clearly linked to antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells, whereas CD4(+) T lymphocytes also played a role. Humoural immune responses were activated because the adoptive transfer of immunoglobulins induced abscopal anti-tumour effects, and autoantibodies against FAPα were specifically detected in the sera of immunized mice. Moreover, an increased number of apoptotic tumour cells along with a reduced number of CAFs within the tumours suggest that xenogeneic FAPα-based WCTV has the potential to drive T cell and antibody responses against cancer cells and CAFs. This finding could offer an advanced strategy to treat multiple solid tumours with individualized cancer immunotherapy techniques.
CRK protein binds to two guanine nucleotide-releasing proteins for the Ras family and modulates nerve growth factor-induced activation of Ras in PC12 cells. (1994)

It has been reported that growth factors activate Ras through a complex of an adaptor type SH2-containing molecule, Grb2, and a Ras guanine nucleotide-releasing protein (GNRP), mSos. We report on the involvement of another adaptor molecule, CRK, in the activation of Ras. Overexpression of wild-type CRK proteins CRK-I and CRK-II enhanced the nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced activation of Ras in PC12 cells, although the basal level of GTP-bound active Ras was not altered. In contrast, mutants with a single amino acid substitution in either the SH2 or SH3 domain of the CRK-I protein inhibited the NGF-induced activation of Ras. Two GNRPs for the Ras family, mSos and C3G, were coimmunoprecipitated with the endogenous Crk proteins in PC12 cells. The association between C3G and the CRK mutants was dependent upon the presence of intact SH3. The SH2 domain of CRK bound to the SHC protein phosphorylated on tyrosine residues by NGF stimulation. The results demonstrate that, in addition to Grb2, CRK participates in signaling from the NGF receptor and that two GNRPs appear to transmit signals from these adaptor molecules to Ras.
Practical and stereoselective synthesis of β-amino sulfones from alkyl phenyl sulfones and N-(tert-butylsulfinyl) aldimines (2011)

A practical and straightforward approach for the highly stereoselective synthesis of β-amino sulfones was developed. With lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide as the base, the corresponding sulfone-stabilized carbanion derived from alkylphenyl sulfone can be transferred to N-(tert-butylsulfinyl) aldimines in excellent yields and with high diastereoselectivity.
Synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted Isoquinolines via Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of 2-(1-Alkynyl)benzaldimines and Organic Halides (2003)

The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of readily available N-tert-butyl-2-(1-alkynyl)benzaldimines and aryl, allylic, benzylic, alkynyl halides, as well as a vinylic halide, provides a valuable new route to 3,4-disubstituted isoquinolines with aryl, allylic, benzylic, 1-alkynyl, and vinylic substituents, respectively, in the 4-position. The reaction appears to require an aryl group on the end of the acetylene furthest from the imine functionality. The reaction conditions have been optimized, and reasonably good yields have been obtained.
Immunization with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced, but not B7-1-transduced, lymphoma cells primes idiotype-specific T cells and generates potent systemic antitumor immunity (1996)

Recently, genetically modified tumor cell vaccines have been described for nonhematopoietic cancers in which the relevant Ags are unknown. Several of these cell-based vaccine strategies have been shown to induce T cell-mediated systemic antitumor immunity, either by enhancing the processing and presentation of tumor Ags by host APCs or by facilitating effective Ag presentation by the tumor vaccine itself. These strategies were compared in a model B cell lymphoma, a tumor derived from APCs, which have the inherent capacity to activate Ag-specific T cells. Eradication of pre-established systemic lymphoma was achieved following immunization with lymphoma cells engineered to produce granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, and to a lesser extent cells producing IL-4, whereas vaccination with lymphoma cells transfected with the genes encoding IL-2 or B7-1 had no effect. The systemic immunity generated by GM-CSF- or IL-4-transfected lymphoma required both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Previous immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of lymphoma have focused on the generation of Ab responses targeted to the unique Ig Id as a tumor-specific Ag. Anti-idiotypic Abs were undetectable in animals vaccinated with GM-CSF-transduced lymphoma cells. In contrast, such immunization did result in the induction of Id-specific T cell responses. This is the first demonstration that T cell responses specific for a native tumor Ag are generated by GM-CSF-transduced tumor cell-based vaccination, suggesting that B cell lymphoma may be a suitable disease for genetically modified tumor vaccine strategies.
Hydrolysis of organophosphate insecticides by an immobilized‐enzyme system (1979)

Abstract An enzyme preparation that could detoxify parathion and eight other organophosphate pesticides was covalently bound to either porous glass or porous silica beads. This immobilized‐enzyme system was examined for its use in detoxification of pesticides in production wastewaters. The kinetics of parathion hydrolysis were examined at flow rates up to 96 liter/hr and at influent substrate concentrations ranging from 10–250 mg/liter. The enzyme reactor was able to hydrolyze 95% o1r more of the parathion added to industrial wastewaters generated during its production, thus reducing the effluent parathion concentration to below 500 ppb. Laboratory continuous‐flow experiments were conducted for 70 days with industrial wastewater and indicated no loss in immobilized‐enzyme activity. The influence of pH, temperature, solvents, and detergents on enzyme stability and activity and enzyme reactor kinetics will be discussed.
Graphene–Ferroelectric Hybrid Structure for Flexible Transparent Electrodes (2012)

Graphene has exceptional optical, mechanical, and electrical properties, making it an emerging material for novel optoelectronics, photonics, and flexible transparent electrode applications. However, the relatively high sheet resistance of graphene is a major constraint for many of these applications. Here we propose a new approach to achieve low sheet resistance in large-scale CVD monolayer graphene using nonvolatile ferroelectric polymer gating. In this hybrid structure, large-scale graphene is heavily doped up to 3 × 10(13) cm(-2) by nonvolatile ferroelectric dipoles, yielding a low sheet resistance of 120 Ω/□ at ambient conditions. The graphene-ferroelectric transparent conductors (GFeTCs) exhibit more than 95% transmittance from the visible to the near-infrared range owing to the highly transparent nature of the ferroelectric polymer. Together with its excellent mechanical flexibility, chemical inertness, and the simple fabrication process of ferroelectric polymers, the proposed GFeTCs represent a new route toward large-scale graphene-based transparent electrodes and optoelectronics.
The Relationship between Serum Uric Acid Level and Metabolic Syndrome: Differences by Sex and Age in Taiwanese (2010)

Serum UA is more closely associated with MetS in females than in males. High UA among middle-aged women may predict the development of MetS.
Cooperation between cyclophosphamide tumoricidal activity and host antitumor immunity in the cure of mice bearing large MOPC-315 tumors. (1981)

A single i.p. injection of cyclophosphamide (CY), 15 mg/kg, was shown previously to be curative if administered to BALB/c mice 10 to 16 days post-MOPC-315 tumor inoculation when the tumors reached 20 to 25 mm (large tumors) but not if administered to mice four days post-tumor inoculation when their tumors were nonpalpable. Here we show that the curative effect of CY, 15 mg/kg, for mice bearing large tumors was not due solely to the tumoricidal activity of the drug, because three or four days after therapy, when the CY had been cleared from the circulation, viable proliferative tumor cells were present in the primary s.c. tumor site. During tumor regression, the tumors became heavily infiltrated by mononuclear cells. Following therapy, mice bearing large tumors exhibited an active antitumor response, as illustrated by their ability to reject a tumor challenge with 350-fold the minimum lethal tumor dose given as early as 24 hr posttherapy. That the curative effect of CY, 15 mg/kg, for mice bearing large tumors required the presence of T-cell-dependent antitumor immunity (cellular and/or humoral), was indicated by the fact that tumor regression was abrogated by treatment of the tumor bearers with anti-thymocyte serum. Thus, CY drug tumoricidal activity and host antitumor immunity cooperated in the eradication of large MOPC-315 tumors.
An Approach to Lithographically Defined Self‐Assembled Nanoparticle Films (2006)

Lithographically defined nanoparticle films with high quality and excellent uniformity have been fabricated using a combination of bottom-up self-assembly and top-down interferometic lithography. Using this simple, fast, and versatile approach, various 1D and 2D mesoscopic patterns of silica nanoparticle films are easily fabricated over a large area with nanometer-scale periodicity (see figure).
A review of PU prevalence and incidence across Scandinavia, Iceland and Ireland (Part I) (2013)

Figures for both prevalence and incidence were similar in Ireland and Norway and highest in Sweden, whereas Denmark demonstrated the lowest incidence rates and Iceland demonstrated the lowest prevalence rates. Figures were consistently highest in acute care and hospice settings, and lowest in the care of the older person setting.
Comparison of the handheld Retinomax K-Plus2 and on-table autokeratometers in children with and without cycloplegia (2004)

The handheld Retinomax provided comparable data to that of the conventional on-table Topcon. It is useful in the clinic to measure keratometry in children and therefore may offer a convenient tool for assessing corneal curvature for fitting contact lenses or for implanting intraocular lenses in young children.
IFN-γ is reciprocally involved in the concurrent development of organ-specific autoimmunity in the liver and stomach (2011)

Interferon (IFN)-γ acts as a critical proinflammatory mediator in autoimmune processes, whereas it exerts regulatory functions to limit tissue damage associated with inflammation. However, a detailed understanding of the complex roles of IFN-γ in the development of organ-specific autoimmunity is still lacking. Recently, we found that programmed cell death 1-deficient mice thymectomized 3 days after birth (NTx-PD-1(-/-) mice) concurrently developed autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and autoimmune gastritis (AIG). In this study, we investigated the roles of IFN-γ in the development of AIH and AIG in this mouse model. In NTx-PD-1(-/-) mice, serum levels of IFN-γ were markedly elevated. Neutralization of IFN-γ prevented the development of AIG. However, the same treatment exacerbated hepatic T-cell infiltration in AIH. Because of the loss of anti-proliferative effects by IFN-γ, neutralization of IFN-γ increased T-cell proliferation in the spleen and liver, resulting in exacerbated T-cell infiltration in the liver. On the other hand, in the development of AIG, CD4+ T-cell migration into the gastric mucosa is essential for induction. CCL20 expression was up-regulated in the gastric mucosa, and anti-CCL20 suppressed CD4+ T-cell infiltration into the gastric mucosa. Importantly, anti-IFN-γ suppressed CCL20 expression and infiltration of CD4+ T cells in the gastric mucosa, whereas in vivo injection of recombinant IFN-γ up-regulated CCL20 expression in the stomach, suggesting that IFN-γ is critically involved in CD4+ T-cell accumulation in AIG by up-regulating local CCL20 expression. In conclusion, IFN-γ is involved differently in the development of AIH and of AIG. IFN-γ negatively regulates T-cell proliferation in fatal AIH, whereas it initiates development of AIG. These findings imply that increased production of IFN-γ induced by an organ-specific autoimmunity may trigger the concurrent development of another organ-specific autoimmune disease.