gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amelioration of collagen‐induced arthritis in rats by nanogold (2007)

Our results are the first to demonstrate that intraarticular administration of nanogold ameliorates the clinical course of CIA in rats. Nanogold exerted antiangiogenic activities and subsequently reduced macrophage infiltration and inflammation, which resulted in attenuation of arthritis. These results demonstrate proof of principle for the use of nanogold as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA.
Clinical Treatment of Ocular Demodecosis by Lid Scrub With Tea Tree Oil (2007)

Demodex potentially causes ocular surface inflammation, meibomian gland dysfunction, and lash abnormalities. Lid scrub with TTO can effectively eradicate ocular Demodex and result in subjective and objective improvements. This preliminary positive result warrants future prospective investigation of Demodex pathogenicity.
Contortrostatin, a snake venom disintegrin, inhibits beta 1 integrin-mediated human metastatic melanoma cell adhesion and blocks experimental metastasis. (1994)

Disintegrins are Arg-Gly-Asp-containing proteins that inhibit integrin-mediated cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. We have purified a disintegrin, contortrostatin, from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix snake venom that is a potent inhibitor of human metastatic melanoma (M24 met) cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins. Contortrostatin inhibits M24 met cell adhesion to type I collagen, vitronectin, and fibronectin with 50% inhibitory concentration values of 20, 75, and 220 nM, respectively. Contortrostatin does not significantly inhibit adhesion of M24 met cells to laminin. 125I-labeled contortrostatin binds to M24 met cells in a saturable and displaceable manner. Scatchard analysis indicates that there are two binding sites for 125I-labeled contortrostatin on the surface of these cells. High affinity binding has a Kd of 3 nM with 165,000 sites/cells low affinity binding has a Kd of 60 nM with 500,000 sites/cell. Immobilized contortrostatin can support adhesion of M24 met cells; this binding is blocked by a monoclonal antibody to the beta 1 integrin subunit and by an antibody to the fibronectin receptor alpha 5 beta 1. The anti-vitronectin receptor (alpha v beta 5) monoclonal antibody which blocks adhesion of M24 met cells to immobilized vitronectin does not block binding of M24 met cells to immobilized contortrostatin. In an in vivo experimental metastasis model system, contortrostatin at 20 micrograms and 100 micrograms inhibits lung colonization of M24 met cells (5 x 10(5)), injected in the tail vein of scid mice, by 51 and 73%, respectively. We conclude that contortrostatin is a potent inhibitor of beta 1 integrin-mediated M24 met cell adhesion in vitro and that it also inhibits lung colonization in vivo.
Cell selection strategies for making antibodies from variable gene libraries: trapping the memory pool (1992)

The B cells of immunized animals can be used as a source of variable region (V) gene libraries. Such libraries offer a way of making antibodies directly in bacteria: rearranged V genes are amplified using the polymerase chain reaction, cloned and expressed as soluble fragments in bacteria, and then screened for antigen binding. Here we have used a model system to investigate antigen-selected B cells as a source of V gene libraries. Mice were immunized with (4-hydroxyl-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)-chicken gammaglobulin, and the splenocytes harvested seven days after primary immunization. We prepared a heavy chain variable (VH) gene library from the DNA of cells selected on antigen-coated magnetic beads, and two other libraries from the DNA or mRNA of unselected cells. The VH gene libraries were combined with the V lambda 1 gene (as this light chain dominates the primary response to NP), expressed as Fv fragments in Escherichia coli and screened for binding to (4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenyl)acetyl-bovine serum albumin. The frequency of antigen-binding clones was much greater (greater than 50 fold) in the library from the DNA of antigen-selected cells (17/282) or from the mRNA of unselected cells (29/282) compared to the DNA from unselected cells (0/940). Sequencing of the antigen-binding clones revealed that they almost invariably used the V-186.2 heavy chain, as expected from analysis of primary response hybridomas. The D segments from the mRNA library were entirely DFL16.1 (29/29), as in primary response hybridomas, whereas those from the DNA of selected cells were more diverse, using in addition to DFL16.1, other D segments (5/17) as in later response hybridomas. This suggests that the DNA library from selected cells is derived at least in part from cells destined for the memory compartment. Given the long life of memory cells, they may prove a useful source of antibody libraries in the absence of recent immunization.
Festschrift at the Occasion of the 60 th Birthday of Derrick G. Kourie (2008)

This year 2008 has not only seen the 40th anniversary of Software Engineering as an academic and professional discipline and the 50th anniversary of the programming language LISP. It has also seen the 60th birthday of our teacher, colleague and friend Derrick G. Kourie who is well-known not only to the readers of this journal.
3D CAD-based inspection. I. Coarse verification (2003)

Presents an efficient scheme for CAD-based inspection of objects in range imagery. A template-matching technique is used to compare a random set of surface points from the object model to the sensed object. Several matching statistics are proposed and examined for verification suitability. The authors propose this technique as the first step for coarse verification of an assembled object whose pose and identity are known.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nanofabrication with molds & stamps (2005)

A number of methods can be used to fabricate patterns with features having dimensions <100 nm. These techniques, however, can require specialized equipment and are often restricted to a cleanroom environment. Nanofabrication can be made accessible to multiple users by using elastomeric molds or stamps to transfer high-resolution patterns into other materials. These techniques are inexpensive and can transfer patterns into functional materials and onto a number of surfaces. This review describes recent advances in fabricating nanostructures using these techniques.
Communication Alternatives for Distribution Metering and Load Management (1980)

This paper contains the edited records of four presentations on Communication Alternatives For Distribution Automation presented at the 1979 Summer Power Meeting of the Power Engineering Society. The need for distribution system communications is established and the types of systems available are enumerated. Three systems utilizing the power lines for communications are described in detail. One approach using the existing telephone system is also described. The problems associated with each approach are listed and the advantages of each are discussed.
Organotransition-Metal Metallacarboranes. 59.1 Synthesis and Linkage of Boron-Functionalized Ferracarborane Clusters (2002)

Negishi cross-coupling has been applied to B−I and B−Br bonds in small closo-ferracarboranes as a means of effecting controlled substitution at boron, with subsequent linkage to form polymetallacarborane systems. Reaction of (η6-C6H6)Fe(2,3-Et2C2B4H3-5-I) (2) with vinyl−, butyl−, (trimethylsilyl)ethynyl−, and phenyl−organozinc reagents (RZnCl) in the presence of catalytic amounts of palladium(0) catalyst produced the corresponding B-functionalized derivatives (3−5 and 8, respectively) in moderate to good yields. Similarly, (η6-C6H6)Fe(Et2C2B4H3-7-C⋮CSiMe3) (12) was prepared from the B(7)−Br (11a) or B(7)−I derivative (11b). A second alkynyl fragment was introduced at B(5) on 12 to yield the B(5,7)-diethynyl-substituted compound 16. Treatment of (η6-C6H6)Fe(2,3-Et2C2B4H3-5-Ph) (8) with Cr(CO)6 in refluxing n-butyl ether gave the heterodimetallic complex (η6-C6H6)Fe[Et2C2B4H3-5-{(η6-C6H5)Cr(CO)3}] (9). A series of diferracarboranes bridged by thiophene (18), dihydrophenanthrene (19), or mono-, di-, or triphenylene (22−24) linking groups was generated via reaction of 2 with bis(chlorozinc) reagents and palladium(0) catalyst, as were B(5)−ferrocenyl derivatives (20, 21). Reaction of the known complex (η6-C8H10)Fe(Et2C2B4H4) with 8 at 180 °C formed (η6-C6H6)Fe(Et2C2B4H3-5-Ph)Fe(Et2C2B4H4) (25) via displacement of cyclooctatriene. Electrophilic B-iodination on the unsubstituted C2B4 cage of 25 afforded a dark red air-stable crystalline B(5)−iodo complex (26). Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of 26 with PhZnCl, followed by cyclooctatriene displacement from (η6-C8H10)Fe(Et2C2B4H4), produced the triferracarborane-linked oligomer (η6-C6H6)Fe(Et2C2B4H3-5-Ph)Fe(Et2C2B4H3-5‘-Ph)Fe(Et2C2B4H4) (28) in an overall yield from 8 of 40% in this four-step sequence. Deprotection of 5 and 12 with fluoride gave the B(5)− and B(7)−C⋮CH derivatives 6 and 13, respectively. Homocoupling of these terminal alkynes with Pd/Cu catalyst afforded the linked isomers [(η6-C6H6)Fe(Et2C2B4H3-n-C⋮C)]2 (29, n = 5; 31, n = 7). Alternatively, 6 and 13 were treated with 1,3,5-C6H3I3 under similar conditions to form the benzene-centered triferracarborane complexes [(η6-C6H6)Fe(Et2C2B4H3-n-C⋮C)]3C6H3 (30, n = 5; 32, n = 7). X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the structures of 9, 18, 24, and 26.
Derivatives of Indole, 6-Amino-3-indoleacetic Acid1 (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Indole, 6-Amino-3-indoleacetic Acid1R. K. Brown and R. A. GarrisonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 14, 3839–3842Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01619a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01619a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cellulase, Clostridia, and Ethanol (2005)

Biomass conversion to ethanol as a liquid fuel by the thermophilic and anaerobic clostridia offers a potential partial solution to the problem of the world's dependence on petroleum for energy. Coculture of a cellulolytic strain and a saccharolytic strain of Clostridium on agricultural resources, as well as on urban and industrial cellulosic wastes, is a promising approach to an alternate energy source from an economic viewpoint. This review discusses the need for such a process, the cellulases of clostridia, their presence in extracellular complexes or organelles (the cellulosomes), the binding of the cellulosomes to cellulose and to the cell surface, cellulase genetics, regulation of their synthesis, cocultures, ethanol tolerance, and metabolic pathway engineering for maximizing ethanol yield.
Validation of the Probiotic Concept: Lactobacillus reuteri Confers Broad-spectrum Protection against Disease in Humans and Animals (2000)

Nobel Laureate Elie Metchnikoff formulated the Probiotic Concept approximately 100 years ago. He proposed that consumption of certain 'lactic bacilli' would enhance one's health and well being by maximizing health-promoting activities of the gastrointestinal microbiota and minimizing their potentially harmful effects. It has taken almost all these intervening years to discover specific strains of 'lactic bacilli' able to accomplish these 'probiotic' tasks. And only very recently has an entire species, Lactobacillus reuteri, been shown to possess probiotic efficacy. L. reuteri is the only Lactobacillus species reported to inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of all vertebrates and mammals, ranging from birds to humans, and with whom it is believed to have established a symbiotic relationship. In this review the authors have attempted to compile all available information reported to date concerning L. reuteri and the ability of host-specific strains to protect their respective hosts from an assortment of diseases induced by biological agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoans), certain chemical agents (methotrexate, acetic acid), or environmental stressors (cold-stress). This information is based on laboratory experiments, field trials with animals, and clinical trials with human subjects. It has been concluded that discovery of L. reuteri's broad-spectrum probiotic efficacy in a broad-spectrum of hosts has (a) fully validated Metchnikoff's Probiotic Concept, and (b) resulted in development of new bioprotective and biotherapeutic applications for improving human and animal health.
A secreted MMP is required for reepithelialization during wound healing (2012)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular proteases highly expressed at wound sites. However, the precise function of MMPs during reepithelialization in vivo has been elusive in mammalian models because of the high level of redundancy among the 24 mammalian MMPs. For this reason we used Drosophila melanogaster, whose genome encodes only two MMPs-one secreted type (Mmp1) and one membrane-anchored type (Mmp2)-to study the function and regulation of the secreted class of MMPs in vivo. In the absence of redundancy, we found that the Drosophila secreted MMP, Mmp1, is required in the epidermis to facilitate reepithelialization by remodeling the basement membrane, promoting cell elongation and actin cytoskeletal reorganization, and activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. In addition, we report that the jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway upregulates Mmp1 expression after wounding, but that Mmp1 is expressed independent of the JNK pathway in unwounded epidermis. When the JNK pathway is ectopically activated to overexpress Mmp1, the rate of healing is accelerated in an Mmp1-dependent manner. A primary function of Mmp1, under the control of the JNK pathway, is to promote basement membrane repair, which in turn may permit cell migration and the restoration of a continuous tissue.
Self-Organization of CdSe Nanocrystallites into Three-Dimensional Quantum Dot Superlattices (1995)

The self-organization of CdSe nanocrystallites into three-dimensional semiconductor quantum dot superlattices (colloidal crystals) is demonstrated. The size and spacing of the dots within the superlattice are controlled with near atomic precision. This control is a result of synthetic advances that provide CdSe nanocrystallites that are monodisperse within the limit of atomic roughness. The methodology is not limited to semiconductor quantum dots but provides general procedures for the preparation and characterization of ordered structures of nanocrystallites from a variety of materials.
Metabolism of Thienamycin and Related Carbapenem Antibiotics by the Renal Dipeptidase, Dehydropeptidase-I (1982)

Thienamycin (THM), the N-formimidoyl thienamycin derivative MK0787, and related carbapenem antibiotics were metabolized extensively in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, rhesus monkeys, and chimpanzees. Urinary recovery of THM ranged from a low of 5% in dogs to 58% in rhesus monkeys. Renal clearance rates in dogs and chimpanzees were unusually low, less than glomerular filtration rates. The reduction in clearance of THM and MK0787 from plasma of rats and rabbits after ligation of renal arteries indicate that the kidneys are responsible for 35 and 92%, respectively, of metabolic drug clearance. Degradation was detected only in kidney homogenates. The enzyme activity was membrane bound and sensitive to inhibitors of Zn-metalloenzymes such as EDTA. A renal dipeptidase, dehydropeptidase-I (DHP-I), EC 3.4.13.11, was found to be responsible for the metabolism of the THM-class antibiotics, which exhibit a structural homology to dehydropeptides. A parallel increase in specific activity against THM and the substrate of DHP-I, glycyldehydrophenylalanine, was observed during solubilization and purification of the enzyme from porcine and human renal cortex. DHP-I was found to catalyze the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring in THM and MK0787. The products of the enzyme reaction were identical by high-powered liquid chromatography to their respective metabolites found in the urine. Nonbasic N-acylated THM and natural N-acylated carbapenems (epithienamycins and olivanic acids) were degraded 4- to 50-fold faster than THM when exposed to the enzymatic hydrolysis of DHP-I. Good correlations were obtained between the increased susceptibility of the carbapenem antibiotics to DHP-I as measured in the in vitro enzyme assay and the generally lower recoveries of active antibiotic in the urine of test animals. Despite this unusual degree of metabolism localized in the kidney, the plasma half-life of MK0787 and its efficacy against experimental systemic infections in animals remain satisfactory.
Leguminous Plants (1995)

Many of the most important grain and forage crops of the world are legumes so there has been an interest in their tissue culture and transformation for many years. Since legumes are dicotyledons (dicots), they are in general very susceptible to infection by both Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes, so these systems have been used extensively.
Future mission studies: Preliminary comparisons of solar flux models (1991)

The results of comparisons of the solar flux models are presented. (The wavelength lambda = 10.7 cm radio flux is the best indicator of the strength of the ionizing radiations such as solar ultraviolet and x-ray emissions that directly affect the atmospheric density thereby changing the orbit lifetime of satellites. Thus, accurate forecasting of solar flux F sub 10.7 is crucial for orbit determination of spacecrafts.) The measured solar flux recorded by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is compared against the forecasts made by Schatten, MSFC, and NOAA itself. The possibility of a combined linear, unbiased minimum-variance estimation that properly combines all three models into one that minimizes the variance is also discussed. All the physics inherent in each model are combined. This is considered to be the dead-end statistical approach to solar flux forecasting before any nonlinear chaotic approach.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome‐positive adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2007)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disorder, with the greatest prevalence in children, but it also affects adults, and has an increasing incidence with age. Chromosomal abnormalities in ALL have been frequently described, the most common is the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). The resulting fusion gene, BCR-ABL1, encodes for a chimerical oncoprotein (BCR-ABL) with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity, which leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and impaired cell adhesion. Treating Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL patients with conventional chemotherapy has not substantially improved their long-term outcomes. Recently, however, BCR-ABL-targeted strategies have been successfully adopted. Imatinib is an oral competitive inhibitor of ABL with demonstrated phase 2 efficacy in patients with treatment-naive and pretreated ALL. Despite its efficacy, imatinib may induce specific resistance in a large proportion of patients, mainly because of the occurrence of ABL1 mutations. Therefore, novel inhibitors have been developed. Dasatinib is a multitargeted kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL, SRC, C-KIT, PDGFRs, and ephrin A receptor kinases. Unlike imatinib, it binds both the active and inactive BCR-ABL as well as the majority of ABL mutants. Dasatinib is approved for treatment of imatinib-pretreated Ph+ ALL, and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) on the basis of phase 2 trials that demonstrated impressive efficacy and favorable tolerability profiles. Nilotinib is another BCR-ABL targeted agent that is similar in structure to imatinib but has significantly greater binding affinity. It also has demonstrated promising efficacy in Ph+ ALL but is still being evaluated in phase 2 trials. In this article, the authors reviewed current knowledge on novel tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in adult Ph+ ALL patients.
Experimental Study of Chromium PVD Coatings on Brass Substrates for the Watch Industry (1997)

Chromium coatings on brass substrates produced by the physical vapour deposition process with layer thicknesses of 0·3–5 μm have been investigated with regard to the structural, mechanical, and chemical properties of the layer and coated system. The Cr layers have a fine columnar structure with a crystallite size between 10 and 20 nm as determined by X-ray measurements. The conical columnar shaped crystals made visible by scanning tunnelling microscopy exhibit column diameters in the range 20–60 nm at the surface.The microhardness of the coated system under load HL was 15 000–25 000 MPa, twice as high as that of the substrate. In the scratch test of the coated system cohesive destruction of the coatings was observed a critical load values of 0·1–0·4 N. In corrosion tests the Cr coatings produced by stationary sputtering were mainly dense but occasionally slightly porous. The anodic current density-potential curves for dense Cr films (thickness ∼ 5 μm) are discussed in comparison with several other Cr based materials.
A randomized trial of ceftriaxone versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to prevent ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection. (2008)

Shunt infection represents a particularly morbid condition, which can also result in mortality. In order to decrease the high morbidity and mortality rates, prevention is an essential step. The purpose of this study was to compare the prophylactic use of ceftriaxone and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) for the prevention of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection.In this prospective, single-institution, randomized clinical trial, 107 children with hydrocephalus and an indication for shunting were randomly assigned to prophylaxis with ceftriaxone (n = 50) or SXT (55), each administered as a single dose during anesthesia and two divided doses postoperatively. Patients were followed up for at least one year.The mean age of patients was 15 months, and 85% were aged 6 months or younger. During the first postoperative year, meningitis occurred in 13.5% of patients receiving ceftriaxone and 14.5% of the SXT group, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. Younger age, presence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage and aqueductal stenosis as a cause of hydrocephalus showed significant correlation with meningitis occurrence on univariate analysis. However, only the latter 2 factors were associated with meningitis on multivariate analysis. The risk of shunt infection did not correlate with the gender of the patient, time of VP shunt surgery, or duration of hospitalization for shunting.Ceftriaxone and SXT showed similar efficacy in preventing shunt infection. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage before or after VP shunt placement and aqueductal stenosis were independent risk factors for meningitis after VP shunt.
UpSetR: an R package for the visualization of intersecting sets and their properties (2017)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.