gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase PTPεC Inhibits Jak-STAT Signaling and Differentiation Induced by Interleukin-6 and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in M1 Leukemia Cells (2000)

We engineered and expressed both a wild-type and mutant cytosolic isoform of PTPepsilon (PTPepsilonC) in murine M1 leukemic cells, which can be induced to growth arrest and monocytic differentiation by interleukin (IL)-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Forced expression of PTPepsilonC inhibited IL-6- and LIF-induced monocytic differentiation and apoptosis in M1 cells, whereas expression of PTPepsilonM, a transmembrane isoform of PTPepsilon, did not. PTPepsilonC expression resulted in lower levels of IL-6-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak1, Tyk2, gp130, and Stat3 compared with parent cells. In M1 transfectants expressing an inactive mutant of PTPepsilonC, both tyrosine phosphorylation and apoptosis induced by IL-6 and LIF were potentiated rather than inhibited. These results suggest an important role for PTPepsilonC in negative regulation of IL-6- and LIF-induced Jak-STAT signaling.
Crystal Engineering: A Holistic View (2007)

Crystal engineering, the design of molecular solids, is the synthesis of functional solid-state structures from neutral or ionic building blocks, using intermolecular interactions in the design strategy. Hydrogen bonds, coordination bonds, and other less directed interactions define substructural patterns, referred to in the literature as supramolecular synthons and secondary building units. Crystal engineering has considerable overlap with supramolecular chemistry, X-ray crystallography, materials science, and solid-state chemistry and yet it is a distinct discipline in itself. The subject goes beyond the traditional divisions of organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry, and this makes for a very eclectic blend of ideas and techniques. The purpose of this Review is to highlight some current challenges in this rapidly evolving subject. Among the topics discussed are the nature of intermolecular interactions and their role in crystal design, the sometimes diverging perceptions of the geometrical and chemical models for a molecular crystal, the relationship of these models to polymorphism, knowledge-based computational prediction of crystal structures, and efforts at mapping the pathway of the crystallization reaction.
Fleshing Out Projections (1981)

In an earlier paper, the authors presented an algorithm for finding all polyhedral solid objects with a given set of vertices and straight line edges (its wire frame). This paper extends the Wire Frame algorithm to find all solid polyhedral objects with a given set of two dimensional projections. These projections may contain depth information in the form of dashed and solid lines, may represent cross sections, and may be overall or detail views. The choice of labeling conventions in the projections determines the difficulty of the problem. It is shown that with certain conventions and projections the problem of fleshing out projections essentially reduces to the problem of fleshing out wire frames. Even if no labeling is used, the Projections algorithm presented here finds all solutions even though it is possible to construct simple examples with a very large number of solutions. Such examples have a large amount of symmetry and various accidental coincidences which typically do not occur in objects of practical interest. Because of its generality, the algorithm can handle pathological cases if they arise. This Projections algorithm, which has applications in the conversion of engineering drawings in a Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Manufacturing (CADCAM) system, has been implemented. The algorithm has successfully found solutions to problems that are rather complex in terms of either the number of possible solutions or the inherent complexity of projections of objects of engineering interest.
Extraction of Heavy Metals from Soils Using Biodegradable Chelating Agents (2003)

Metal pollution of soils is widespread across the globe, and the clean up of these soils is a difficulttask. One possible remediation technique is ex-situ soil washing using chelating agents. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a very effective chelating agent for this purpose but has the disadvantage that it is quite persistent in the environment due to its low biodegradability. The aim of our work was to investigate the biodegradable chelating agents [S,S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), iminodisuccinic acid (IDSA), methylglycine diacetic acid (MGDA), and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) as potential alternatives and compare them with EDTA for effectiveness. Kinetic experiments showed for all metals and soils that 24 h was the optimum extraction time. Longer times only gave minor additional benefits for heavy metal extraction but an unwanted increase in iron mobilization. For Cu at pH 7, the order of the extraction efficiency for equimolar ratios of chelating agent to metal was EDDS > NTA> IDSA > MGDA > EDTA and for Zn it was NTA > EDDS > EDTA >MGDA > IDSA. The comparatively low efficiency of EDTA resulted from competition between the heavy metals and co-extracted Ca. For Pb the order of extraction was EDTA > NTA >EDDS due to the much stronger complexation of Pb by EDTA compared to EDDS. At higher concentration of complexing agent, less difference between the agents was found and less pH dependence. There was an increase in heavy metal extraction with decreasing pH, but this was offset by an increase in Ca and Fe extraction. In sequential extractions EDDS extracted metals almost exclusively from the exchangeable, mobile, and Mn-oxide fractions. We conclude that the extraction with EDDS at pH 7 showed the best compromise between extraction efficiency for Cu, Zn, and Pb and loss of Ca and Fe from the soil.
Pharmacological Targeting of Human Tissue Kallikrein-Related Peptidases (2011)

Kallikreins are important enzymes historically known for their participation in the generation of the vasoactive peptides kinins. They are distinguished into plasma kallikrein and the tissue kallikreins, recently renamed kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs). KLKs constitute the largest serine protease gene family within the human genome that comprises 15 members. It is now well established that KLKs acting individually or in complex tissue-specific proteolytic cascades regulate important physiological processes (i.e., skin desquamation, semen liquefaction, CNS physiology), while their deregulation has been implicated in pathological conditions, including asthma, neurodegeneration, and cancer promotion or inhibition. Therefore, KLKs represent new important targets for pharmacological intervention. The present overview describes the development of different classes of novel inhibitors (or activators) of KLKs that were either designed based on known substrate specificity and protease inhibitor bioscaffolds or isolated by phage display or library screening. These include peptides, engineered protease inhibitors, small organic molecules, and human monoclonal antibodies. These molecules were tested in various animal models for skin disorders, cancer, or asthma, and were found to exhibit potency and efficacy. It is expected that such compounds will enter the market, in the near future, for the treatment of severe diseases some, currently, without alternative therapy.
An Alphavirus Replicon Particle Chimera Derived from Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis and Sindbis Viruses Is a Potent Gene-Based Vaccine Delivery Vector (2003)

Alphavirus replicon particle-based vaccine vectors derived from Sindbis virus (SIN), Semliki Forest virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) have been shown to induce robust antigen-specific cellular, humoral, and mucosal immune responses in many animal models of infectious disease and cancer. However, since little is known about the relative potencies among these different vectors, we compared the immunogenicity of replicon particle vectors derived from two very different parental alphaviruses, VEE and SIN, expressing a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p55(Gag) antigen. Moreover, to explore the potential benefits of combining elements from different alphaviruses, we generated replicon particle chimeras of SIN and VEE. Two distinct strategies were used to produce particles with VEE-p55(gag) replicon RNA packaged within SIN envelope glycoproteins and SIN-p55(gag) replicon RNA within VEE envelope glycoproteins. Each replicon particle configuration induced Gag-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in murine models when administered alone or after priming with DNA. However, Gag-specific responses varied dramatically, with the strongest responses to this particular antigen correlating with the VEE replicon RNA, irrespective of the source of envelope glycoproteins. Comparing the replicons with respect to heterologous gene expression levels and sensitivity to alpha/beta interferon in cultured cells indicated that each might contribute to potency differences. This work shows that combining desirable elements from VEE and SIN into a replicon particle chimera may be a valuable approach toward the goal of developing vaccine vectors with optimal in vivo potency, ease of production, and safety.
Systematic Study of the Dopant-Dependent Properties of Electrically Programmable Fuses With Silicided Poly-Si Links Through a Series of $I$– $V$ Measurements (2007)

Electrically programmable/writable fuses (e-fuses) with a Ni-silicided polycrystalline silicon narrow link and fabricated with four doping conditions were studied using two successive I-V measurements. The initial I-V sweeps can change e-fuses into targeted programmed states and display all of the programming processes where the currents change by many orders of magnitude. The second set of I-V curves can show stability and conduction in the programmed states for both bias polarities. Through the series of I-V measurements, the two-step programming with moderate blowing conditions could be reproduced and studied systematically. The programming processes of incompletely programmed states, before complete programming (CP), were found to be strongly dependent on the dopant conditions. The origin of the dopant dependency was considered within a simple electrical equivalent circuit model. At least two or three programmed states were identified among the completely programmed states in terms of the characteristic spreads of the final resistance and conduction behavior. The most distinctive currents after CP are similar to those in varistors. The stability of every programmed state is strongly dependent on the dopant conditions.
Deuterium interactions in oxygen-implanted copper (1989)

The interaction of deuterium (D) with Cu2O precipitates in Cu was investigated at temperatures between 300–800 K using ion implantation, nuclear-reaction analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The exothermic reduction reaction between D and Cu2O to form D2O was found to occur readily at temperatures down to 300 K, with appreciable decomposition of the water and D release occurring only above 600 K. These processes, together with much weaker irradiation-defect trapping in the implanted Cu-Cu2O-D alloy, were quantitatively described by using an advanced transport formalism with independently evaluated reaction and trapping enthalpies. Buried oxide sinks formed by ion implantation were shown to provide an advantageous method of measuring hydrogen permeabilities and chemical potentials.
Hecatonchire: Enabling Multi-Host Virtual Machines by Resource Aggregation and Pooling (2014)

Vertical elasticity, or scale-up of individual virtual ma- chines is hard to perform in today’s cloud environments due to limitations in the amount of hardware resources available in single servers. We propose a novel approach that allows aggregation of memory, compute and I/O resources from multiple physical machines in resource pools which in turn are used to seamlessly provision vir- tual machines with the right amount of resources. We present our architecture and highlight key functionality such as transparent and resilient memory aggregation and fast live migration. Our approach is validated by a demonstration using benchmarks and a real-world big- data application. Performance results indicate a very low overhead in using aggregated memory as well as a sig- nificant improvement in live migration performance.
Alternative membrane forms of Fc gamma RIII(CD16) on human natural killer cells and neutrophils. Cell type-specific expression of two genes that differ in single nucleotide substitutions. (1989)

A low affinity receptor for IgG immune complexes, Fc gamma RIII(CD16), is expressed on human NK cells as an integral membrane glycoprotein anchored through a transmembrane peptide; on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) the receptor is anchored through a phosphatidylinositol (PI) linkage. The protein on NK cells has a molecular mass 6-10 kD larger than that on PMN, and, unlike the latter, is resistant to PI-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). Fc gamma RIII(CD16) transcripts isolated from PMN and NK cells of single donors revealed multiple single nucleotide differences, one of which converts an in frame UGA termination codon to a CGA codon. The resulting open reading frame encodes a longer cytoplasmic domain for Fc gamma RIII(CD16) in NK cells, contributing to its transmembrane anchor. Two nearly identical, linked genes that encode these transcripts have been cloned for Fc gamma RIII(CD16), one of which (III-1) is allelic for NA-1 and NA-2. The allelic sites have been mapped to two single nucleotides in the extracellular domain. These genes are transcribed in a cell type-specific fashion to generate the alternatively anchored forms of this receptor.
Survival of Mycoplasmas Inoculated in Horse Sera. (1997)

Although it is known that commercialized bovine serum is sometimes contaminated with mycoplasmas, it is not clear whether mycoplasmas can survive in horse serum. In this study, as a preliminary examination of the survival of mycoplasmas inoculated in horse sera, the survivability of 8 strains of 7 mycoplasmas was tested. The results obtained reveal that two strains of M. bovis and M. gallisepticum were found to survive in non-heated and inactivated sera for 94 to 330 days at 30 or 37 degrees C. Three strains of M. bovirhinis, M. gateae and A. laidlawii lived for 7 to 330 days depending upon the temperature maintained or pH of the serum. Strains of M. bovigenitalium and U. diversum survived for a maximum of 8 days in all horse sera tested. Therefore, mycoplasmas are generally likely to survive for a long period in horse serum although the survival period depends on the species, strain and temperature.
Micelle Formation and Solubilization of Fluorescent Probes in Poly(oxyethylene-b-oxypropylene-b-oxyethylene) Solutions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicelle Formation and Solubilization of Fluorescent Probes in Poly(oxyethylene-b-oxypropylene-b-oxyethylene) SolutionsAlexander V. Kabanov, Irina R. Nazarova, Irina V. Astafieva, Elena V. Batrakova, Valery Yu. Alakhov, Alexander A. Yaroslavov, and Victor A. KabanovCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 7, 2303–2314Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00111a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00111a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3189Altmetric-Citations403LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extending query rewriting techniques for fine-grained access control (2004)

Current day database applications, with large numbers of users, require fine-grained access control mechanisms, at the level of individual tuples, not just entire relations/views, to control which parts of the data can be accessed by each user. Fine-grained access control is often enforced in the application code, which has numerous drawbacks; these can be avoided by specifying/enforcing access control at the database level. We present a novel fine-grained access control model based on authorization views that allows "authorization-transparent" querying; that is, user queries can be phrased in terms of the database relations, and are valid if they can be answered using only the information contained in these authorization views. We extend earlier work on authorization-transparent querying by introducing a new notion of validity, conditional validity. We give a powerful set of inference rules to check for query validity. We demonstrate the practicality of our techniques by describing how an existing query optimizer can be extended to perform access control checks by incorporating these inference rules.
gC1q‐R/p33, a member of a new class of multifunctional and multicompartmental cellular proteins, is involved in inflammation and infection (2001)

Human gC1q-R (p33, p32, C1qBP, TAP) is a ubiquitously expressed, multiligand-binding, multicompartmental cellular protein involved in various ligand-mediated cellular responses. Although expressed on the surface of cells, an intriguing feature of the membrane-associated form of gC1q-R is that its translated amino acid sequence does not predict the presence of either a sequence motif compatible with a transmembrane segment or a consensus site for a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. Moreover, the N-terminal sequence of the pre-pro-protein gC1q-R contains a motif that targets the molecule to the mitochondria and as such was deemed unlikely to be expressed on the surface. However, several lines of experimental evidence clearly show that gC1q-R is present in all compartments of the cell, including the extracellular cell surface. First, surface labeling of B lymphocytes with the membrane-impermeable reagent sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(biotinamido)hexanoate shows specific biotin incorporation into the surface-expressed but not the intracellular form of gC1q-R. Second, FACS and confocal laser scanning microscopic analyses using anti-gC1q-R IgG mAb 60.11 or 74.5.2, and the fluorophore Alexa 488-conjugated F(ab')2 goat anti-mouse IgG as a probe, demonstrated specific staining of Raji cells (>95% viable). Three-dimensional analyses of the same cells by confocal microscopy showed staining distribution that was consistent with surface expression. Third, endothelial gC1q-R, which is associated with the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, and cytokeratin 1 bind 125I-high molecular weight kininogen in a specific manner, and the binding is inhibited dose-dependently by mAb 74.5.2 recognizing gC1q-R residues 204-218. Fourth, native gC1q-R purified from Raji cell membranes but not intracellular gC1q-R is glycosylated, as evidenced by a positive periodic acid Schiff stain as well as sensitivity to digestion with endoglycosidase H and F. Finally, cross-linking experiments using C1q as a ligand indicate that both cC1q-R and gC1q-R are co-immunoprecipitated with anti-C1q. Taken together, the evidence accumulated to date supports the concept that in addition to its intracellular localization, gC1q-R is expressed on the cell surface and can serve as a binding site for plasma and microbial proteins, but also challenges the existing paradigm that mitochondrial proteins never leave their designated compartment. It is therefore proposed that gC1q-R belongs to a growing list of a class of proteins initially targeted to the mitochondria but then exported to different compartments of the cell through specific mechanisms which have yet to be identified. The designation 'multifunctional and multicompartmental cellular proteins' is proposed for this class of proteins.
An Attempt to Formulate Nonflammable Lithium Ion Electrolytes with Alkyl Phosphates and Phosphazenes (2002)

Using alkyl phosphates and a cyclophosphazene as cosolvents, the possibility of formulating a nonflammable electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries was explored. The emphasis was placed on determining the impact of these flame-retarding additives on the performance of the electrolyte. It was found that although the cosolvents at high contents effectively suppress the flammability of the electrolyte, their flame-retarding effectiveness is still insufficient to render the electrolytes completely nonflammable. Furthermore, such reduction in electrolyte flammability is always realized at the expense of performance; electrochemical instability of phosphates results in severe capacity fading, while high viscosity of these cosolvents reduces both capacity utilization and power. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Recent developments in nanostructured anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (2011)

In this paper, the use of nanostructured anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is reviewed. Nanostructured materials such as nano-carbons, alloys, metal oxides, and metal sulfides/nitrides have been used as anodes for next-generation LIBs with high reversible capacity, fast power capability, good safety, and long cycle life. This is due to their relatively short mass and charge pathways, high transport rates of both lithium ions and electrons, and other extremely charming surface activities. In this review paper, the effect of the nanostructure on the electrochemical performance of these anodes is presented. Their synthesis processes, electrochemical properties, and electrode reaction mechanisms are also discussed. The major goals of this review are to give a broad overview of recent scientific researches and developments of anode materials using novel nanoscience and nanotechnology and to highlight new progresses in using these nanostructured materials to develop high-performance LIBs. Suggestions and outlooks on future research directions in this field are also given.
Studies on the Azaindolizine Compounds. XI. Synthesis of 6, 7-Disubstituted Pyrazolo [1, 5-<I>a</I>] pyrimidines (1962)

Condensation of 2-ethoxymethylene-1, 3-dicarbonyl compounds with 5-aminopyrazole (I) was examined and several kinds of 6, 7-disubstituted pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidines were obtained. In the reaction of ethyl 2-cyano-3-ethoxyacrylate with (I), ethyl 2-cyano-3-(5-Dvrazolylamino) acrylate (II) as the intermediate was isolated.
Reactivity of MEST-1 (Antigalactofuranose) with Trypanosoma cruzi Glycosylinositol Phosphorylceramides (GIPCs): Immunolocalization of GIPCs in Acidic Vesicles of Epimastigotes (2001)

Using confocal microscopy, MEST-1-positive immunofluorescence was observed within various Trypanosoma cruzi forms, except in cell-derived trypomastigotes. Glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides were identified by thin-layer chromatography immunostaining as the antigens recognized by MEST-1 in these parasites. In epimastigotes, labeling of MEST-1 coincided with acidic vesicles, indicating an internal localization of these glycoconjugates.