gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural Correlates of Perceptual Rivalry in the Human Brain (1998)

When dissimilar images are presented to the two eyes, perception alternates spontaneously between each monocular view, a phenomenon called binocular rivalry. Functional brain imaging in humans was used to study the neural basis of these subjective perceptual changes. Cortical regions whose activity reflected perceptual transitions included extrastriate areas of the ventral visual pathway, and parietal and frontal regions that have been implicated in spatial attention; whereas the extrastriate areas were also engaged by nonrivalrous perceptual changes, activity in the frontoparietal cortex was specifically associated with perceptual alternation only during rivalry. These results suggest that frontoparietal areas play a central role in conscious perception, biasing the content of visual awareness toward abstract internal representations of visual scenes, rather than simply toward space.
International Faculty's Perceptions of Their Professional Experiences: Results from a Recent Survey (2011)

The current study examined international faculty's perceptions of their professional experiences at a regional university in the Southeastern United States. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Overall, results present a very positive picture of how these foreign born faculty members are functioning at the university. Most are satisfied with a number of areas in their professional responsibilities; are confident about their English skills; enjoy positive interaction with their students and colleagues; and view their international experiences and global perspectives as valuable assets in their professional life.
The Voices and Views of Women Experiencing Domestic Violence (2000)

(2000). The Voices and Views of Women Experiencing Domestic Violence. Criminal Justice Matters: Vol. 42, Violence, pp. 18-19.
Sympathetic System Activity in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (2006)

Obesity is a very common disease worldwide, resulting from a disturbance in the energy balance. The metabolic syndrome is also a cluster of abnormalities with basic characteristics being insulin resistance and visceral obesity. The major concerns of obesity and metabolic syndrome are the comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and certain types of cancers. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity is associated with both energy balance and metabolic syndrome. Sympathomimetic medications decrease food intake, increase resting metabolic rate (RMR), and thermogenic responses, whereas blockage of the SNS exerts opposite effects. The contribution of the SNS to the daily energy expenditure, however, is small ( approximately 5%) in normal subjects consuming a weight maintenance diet. Fasting suppresses, whereas meal ingestion induces SNS activity. Most of the data agree that obesity is characterized by SNS predominance in the basal state and reduced SNS responsiveness after various sympathetic stimuli. Weight loss reduces SNS overactivity in obesity. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by enhanced SNS activity. Most of the indices used for the assessment of its activity are better associated with visceral fat than with total fat mass. Visceral fat is prone to lipolysis: this effect is mediated by catecholamine action on the sensitive beta(3)-adrenoceptors found in the intraabdominal fat. In addition, central fat distribution is associated with disturbances in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, suggesting that a disturbed axis may be implicated in the development of the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, SNS activity induces a proinflammatory state by IL-6 production, which in turn results in an acute phase response. The increased levels of inflammatory markers seen in the metabolic syndrome may be elicited, at least in part, by SNS overactivity. Intervention studies showed that the disturbances of the autonomic nervous system seen in the metabolic syndrome are reversible.
Mineral Metabolism, Mortality, and Morbidity in Maintenance Hemodialysis (2004)

Mortality rates in ESRD are unacceptably high. Disorders of mineral metabolism (hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism) are potentially modifiable. For determining associations among disorders of mineral metabolism, mortality, and morbidity in hemodialysis patients, data on 40,538 hemodialysis patients with at least one determination of serum phosphorus and calcium during the last 3 mo of 1997 were analyzed. Unadjusted, case mix-adjusted, and multivariable-adjusted relative risks of death were calculated for categories of serum phosphorus, calcium, calcium x phosphorus product, and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) using proportional hazards regression. Also determined was whether disorders of mineral metabolism were associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, infection-related, fracture-related, and vascular access-related hospitalization. After adjustment for case mix and laboratory variables, serum phosphorus concentrations >5.0 mg/dl were associated with an increased relative risk of death (1.07, 1.25, 1.43, 1.67, and 2.02 for serum phosphorus 5.0 to 6.0, 6.0 to 7.0, 7.0 to 8.0, 8.0 to 9.0, and >/=9.0 mg/dl). Higher adjusted serum calcium concentrations were also associated with an increased risk of death, even when examined within narrow ranges of serum phosphorus. Moderate to severe hyperparathyroidism (PTH concentrations >/=600 pg/ml) was associated with an increase in the relative risk of death, whereas more modest increases in PTH were not. When examined collectively, the population attributable risk percentage for disorders of mineral metabolism was 17.5%, owing largely to the high prevalence of hyperphosphatemia. Hyperphosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism were significantly associated with all-cause, cardiovascular, and fracture-related hospitalization. Disorders of mineral metabolism are independently associated with mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease and fracture in hemodialysis patients.
Recombinant Carp Parvalbumin, the Major Cross-Reactive Fish Allergen: A Tool for Diagnosis and Therapy of Fish Allergy (2002)

IgE-mediated reactions to fish allergens represent one of the most frequent causes of food allergy. We have constructed an expression cDNA library from carp (Cyprinus carpio) muscle in phage lambda gt11 and used serum IgE from a fish allergic patient to isolate 33 cDNA clones that coded for two parvalbumin isoforms (Cyp c 1.01 and Cyp c 1.02) with comparable IgE binding capacities. Both isoforms represented calcium-binding proteins that belonged to the beta-lineage of parvalbumins. The Cyp c 1.01 cDNA was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and rCyp c 1.01 was purified to homogeneity. Circular dichroism analysis and mass spectroscopy showed that rCyp c 1.01 represented a folded protein with mainly alpha-helical secondary structure and a molecular mass of 11,416 Da, respectively. rCyp c 1.01 reacted with IgE from all fish-allergic patients tested (n = 60), induced specific and dose-dependent basophil histamine release, and contained most of the IgE epitopes (70%) present in natural allergen extracts from cod, tuna, and salmon. Therefore, it may be used to identify patients suffering from IgE-mediated fish allergy. The therapeutic potential of rCyp c 1.01 is indicated by our findings that rabbit Abs raised against rCyp c 1.01 inhibited the binding of IgE (n = 25) in fish-allergic patients to rCyp c 1.01 between 35 and 97% (84% mean inhibition) and that depletion of calcium strongly reduced IgE recognition of rCyp c 1.01. The latter results suggest that it will be possible to develop strategies for immunotherapy for fish allergy that are based on calcium-free hypoallergenic rCyp c 1.01 derivatives.
Graft copolymers of starch. I. Copolymerization of gelatinized wheat starch with acrylonitrile. Fractionation of copolymer and effect of solvent on copolymer composition (1966)

Abstract The starch–polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer prepared from gelatinized wheat starch with ceric ammoninm nitrate as the initiator has been freed of ungrafted polyacrylonitrile and separated into fractions by extraction with dimethylformamide, γ‐butyrolactone, and dimethyl sulfoxide. The copolymer fractions obtained differed appreciably in level of add‐on, molecular weights of grafted chains, and grafting frequency. To determiue the molecular weights of grafted chains, the starch part of the copolymer was effectively removed by hydrolysis with α‐amylase. It was necessary to dissolve or swell the polymer in dimethyl sulfoxide and freshly precipitate it by addition to water before enzymatic hydrolysis. In studying the effect of reaction medium on copolymer composition, there was less ungrafted homopolymer formed and a higher yield of graft copolymer possessing more frequent grafts with water than with aqueous dimethylformamide or aqueous ethylene glycol. Polymer solubility, the results of control polymerizations of acrylonitrile in the absence of starch, and the detection of glucose endgroups on the polyacrylonitrile liberated from the fractionated polymer by hydrolysis are presented as evidence that the copolymers obtained are true grafts rather thau intimate mixtures.
Stress-induced Skeletal Muscle Gadd45a Expression Reprograms Myonuclei and Causes Muscle Atrophy (2012)

Diverse stresses including starvation and muscle disuse cause skeletal muscle atrophy. However, the molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy are complex and not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45a protein (Gadd45a) is a critical mediator of muscle atrophy. We identified Gadd45a through an unbiased search for potential downstream mediators of the stress-inducible, pro-atrophy transcription factor ATF4. We show that Gadd45a is required for skeletal muscle atrophy induced by three distinct skeletal muscle stresses: fasting, muscle immobilization, and muscle denervation. Conversely, forced expression of Gadd45a in muscle or cultured myotubes induces atrophy in the absence of upstream stress. We show that muscle-specific ATF4 knock-out mice have a reduced capacity to induce Gadd45a mRNA in response to stress, and as a result, they undergo less atrophy in response to fasting or muscle immobilization. Interestingly, Gadd45a is a myonuclear protein that induces myonuclear remodeling and a comprehensive program for muscle atrophy. Gadd45a represses genes involved in anabolic signaling and energy production, and it induces pro-atrophy genes. As a result, Gadd45a reduces multiple barriers to muscle atrophy (including PGC-1α, Akt activity, and protein synthesis) and stimulates pro-atrophy mechanisms (including autophagy and caspase-mediated proteolysis). These results elucidate a critical stress-induced pathway that reprograms muscle gene expression to cause atrophy.
EphA2 overexpression decreases estrogen dependence and tamoxifen sensitivity. (2003)

The EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase is found at low levels on nontransformed adult breast epithelial cells but is frequently overexpressed on aggressive breast cancer cells. Recent studies have documented an inverse relationship between EphA2 and estrogen receptor expression in breast cancer cell lines. In our present study, we demonstrate that overexpression of EphA2 decreases estrogen dependence as defined using both in vitro and in vivo criteria. The EphA2-transfected cells demonstrate increased growth in vitro and form larger and more aggressive tumors in vivo. EphA2 overexpression also decreases the ability of tamoxifen to inhibit breast cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis. These effects of EphA2 overexpression can be overcome by antibody-based targeting of EphA2. In particular, certain EphA2 antibodies can resensitize EphA2-overexpressing breast tumor cells to tamoxifen. These results have important implications for understanding the molecular basis underlying estrogen dependence and provide further evidence that EphA2 may provide a much-needed therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Prostatic osteoblastic factor. (1979)

Cell cultures of fetal rat osteoblasts and organ cultures of fetal rat calvaria were used to study the effects of extracts of prostatic tissue on bone cell growth. Extracts of bening prostatic hyperplasia, but not an undifferentiated prostatic carcinoma, stimulated the incorporation of 3H-thymidine and 14C-proline into fetal rat osteoblasts, calvaria, and skin fibroblasts. Extracts of well-differentiated prostatic cancer and normal postpubertal prostate also stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation by fibroblasts. These findings support the hypothesis that a potentially unique factor found in prostatic tissue induces the osteoblastic response of bone to metastatic prostatic cancer.
Long-distance parallel data link using WDM transmission with bit-skew compensation (1996)

This paper studies the advantages and disadvantages of using a parallel link based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) for long-distance data transmission through a single-mode fiber as an alternative to a high-speed serial link. A long-distance optical link operating near the 1.55 /spl mu/m or 0.85 /spl mu/m wavelength regions suffers the large group-delay dispersion of a standard fiber. On these wavelengths, the skew between bit-channels is the major problem for wordwide WDM transmission. We propose a method to compensate for bit skew greater than the bit time, and analyze its performance gain in terms of the increase in the maximum data throughput achievable. With bit-skew compensation, the wordwide parallel link achieves a maximum aggregate data rate that is greater than what a serial link can obtain for the same link length.
GENETIC EXCHANGE IN SALMONELLA (1952)

Genetic investigations with many different bacteria have revealed parallelisms and some contrasts with the biology of higher forms. The successful application of selective enrichment techniques to the study of gene recombination in Escherichia coli (Tatum and Lederberg, 1947; Lederberg et al., 1951) suggestred that a similar approach should be applied to other bacteria. This paper presents the results of such experiments with Salmonella typhimurium a.nd other Salmonella serot,ypes. The mechanism of genetic exchange found in these experiments differs from sexual recombination in E. coli in many respect’s so as t,o warrant a new descriptive term, transduction.
High-density and high-quality frame transfer CCD imager with very low smear, low dark current, and very high blue sensitivity (1996)

When the channel width of an FET becomes of the same order of magnitude as the depth of the gate depletion region, an increase of the threshold voltage is observed. This narrow channel effect has been applied successfully in creating an asymmetric potential well under an electrode for two-phase CCD operation. The feasibility of this structure has been confirmed in a 242-element analog delay line. The application is now extended to a 800 H/spl times/492 V frame transfer-type buried channel CCD imager with 14.31818 MHz frame shift, which results in a very low smear level of 0.01%, which is good enough for low-cost multimedia video camera applications.
Nitric Oxide Generation during Cellular Metabolization of the Diabetogenic N-Mefhyl-N-Nitroso-Urea Streptozotozin Contributes to Islet Cell DNA Damage (1995)

The N-methyl-N-nitroso-urea streptozotocin is an antibiotic with diabetogenic, carcinogenic and antitumor activity thought to act via alkylation of DNA and proteins. Evidence points to a release of bioactive nitric oxide (NO) from streptozotocin as an additional cytotoxic activity of this drug. Here we show by EPR spectroscopy, that NO is not generated during spontaneous decay of streptozotocin but that its metabolization in rat hepatocytes and pancreatic islet cells yields NO. This NO formation is not due to a NO synthase (NOS) activity since NO formation in hepatocytes in the presence of streptozotocin is not blocked by the NOS inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine. By iNOS-specific RT-PCR no positive signal for specific mRNA presence was obtained in streptozotocin-treated cells, proving that iNOS activity was not induced during cell isolation procedures and did not account for the NO release. Furthermore, early DNA-strand breaks induced either by SZ or by the NO donor nitroprusside were both significantly reduced in the presence of an intracellular NO scavenger. In contrast, DNA damage found after incubation with the purely alkylating agent methylmethanesulfonate was not inhibited by the NO trap. These results prove that intracellular formation of NO occurs during degradation of SZ within cells. This NO appears to contribute significantly to streptozotocin-induced cytotoxicity.
Disaggregation of Alzheimer β-amyloid by site-directed mAb (1997)

In Alzheimer disease, beta-amyloid peptide accumulates in the brain as insoluble amyloid plaques. Amyloid filaments, similar to those found in amyloid plaques, can be assembled in vitro from chemically synthesized beta-peptides. In this study, we report that antibodies raised against the N-terminal region (1-28) of the beta-amyloid peptide bind to the in vitro-formed beta-amyloid assemblies, leading to disaggregation of the fibrils and partial restoration of the peptide's solubility. The concomitant addition of fibrillar beta-amyloid with these antibodies to PC 12 cells leads to the inhibition of the neurotoxic effects of beta-amyloid. Some of the mAbs raised against soluble beta-peptide (1-28) have been found to prevent in vitro fibrillar aggregation of beta-amyloid peptide. These experimental data suggest that site-directed mAbs interfere with the aggregation of beta-amyloid and trigger reversal to its nontoxic, normal components. The above findings give hints on how to convert in vivo senile plaques into nontoxic, diffuse components and may have therapeutic interest for those studying Alzheimer disease and other human diseases related to amyloidogenic properties of physiological peptides and proteins.
A New Wilt Disease of Lettuce Incited byFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lactucumforma specialis nov. (1993)

A wilt disease was observed in the fall of 1990 in one commercial lettuce field (Lartura sativa «Empire») in Fresno County, California, and in the fall of 1991 in two nearby fields (cvs. Empire and Desert Queen). The disease is characterized by the death of some plants in the seedling stage, accompanied by a red streak through the cortex of the crown and upper root. Older affected heads show a tan-to-yellow tipburn with black streaks in the vascular system of some affected leaves, brown streaks in the vascular system of the crown, and a reddish brown discoloration of the cortex of the crown and upper root, Fusarium oxysporum was readily isolated from all affected plants, and in greenhouse inoculations this fungus caused a wilt disease of lettuce but not of any other crop species onto which it was inoculated
Single dose pharmacokinetics and effects on follicular growth and serum hormones of a long-acting recombinant FSH preparation (FSH-CTP) in healthy pituitary-suppressed females (2002)

The pharmacokinetics of FSH-CTP were shown to be proportional with the dose. The elimination half-life was approximately two times longer than that of rFSH. A single dose of FSH-CTP was shown to be safe and able to induce multiple follicular growth accompanied by a dose-dependent rise in serum inhibin-B concentrations.
Production of High-Quality Particulate Methane Monooxygenase in High Yields from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) with a Hollow-Fiber Membrane Bioreactor (2003)

In order to obtain particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO)-enriched membranes from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) with high activity and in high yields, we devised a method to process cell growth in a fermentor adapted with a hollow-fiber bioreactor that allows easy control and quantitative adjustment of the copper ion concentration in NMS medium over the time course of cell culture. This technical improvement in the method for culturing bacterial cells allowed us to study the effects of copper ion concentration in the growth medium on the copper content in the membranes, as well as the specific activity of the enzyme. The optimal copper concentration in the growth medium was found to be 30 to 35 micro M. Under these conditions, the pMMO is highly expressed, accounting for 80% of the total cytoplasmic membrane proteins and having a specific activity as high as 88.9 nmol of propylene oxide/min/mg of protein with NADH as the reductant. The copper stoichiometry is approximately 13 atoms per pMMO molecule. Analysis of other metal contents provided no evidence of zinc, and only traces of iron were present in the pMMO-enriched membranes. Further purification by membrane solubilization in dodecyl beta-D-maltoside followed by fractionation of the protein-detergent complexes according to molecular size by gel filtration chromatography resulted in a good yield of the pMMO-detergent complex and a high level of homogeneity. The pMMO-detergent complex isolated in this way had a molecular mass of 220 kDa and consisted of an alphabetagamma protein monomer encapsulated in a micelle consisting of ca. 240 detergent molecules. The enzyme is a copper protein containing 13.6 mol of copper/mol of pMMO and essentially no iron (ratio of copper to iron, 80:1). Both the detergent-solubilized membranes and the purified pMMO-detergent complex exhibited reasonable, if not excellent, specific activity. Finally, our ability to control the level of expression of the pMMO allowed us to clarify the sensitivity of the enzyme to NADH and duroquinol, the two common reductants used to assay the enzyme.
Wax‐Protected Catalyst Microspheres for Efficient Self‐Healing Materials (2005)

Microspheres of wax containing embedded Grubbs' catalyst are generated by congealing a molten aqueous suspension. Even with a ten-fold reduction in catalyst concentration from previous systems, these microspheres produce unprecedented levels of toughness recovery in a polymeric self-healing material (see Figure). Unlike the previously reported systems, samples healed with the wax microspheres show nonlinear fracture behavior. A protocol that addresses this nonlinearity is employed to measure healing efficiency.
Agonist anti-GITR monoclonal antibody and stereotactic radiation induce immune-mediated survival advantage in murine intracranial glioma (2016)

These findings provide preclinical evidence for the use of anti-GITR (1) non-depleting antibodies in combination with SRS in GBM.
Biomimetic artificial ECMs stimulate bone regeneration (2006)

We demonstrate that a biomimetic polymer network is capable of affecting bone regeneration in vivo. Starting with a foundation consisting of an environmentally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel, we incorporated matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) degradable crosslinkers and peptides containing integrin-binding domains (i.e., Arg-Gly-Asp) to create a biomimetic matrix designed to encourage osteoblast migration and proliferation. We independently tuned matrix stiffness and peptide concentration to generate a response surface model of osteoblast proliferation on different types of matrices. Osteoblast proliferation was significantly influenced by matrix stiffness (i.e., its complex modulus) and peptide concentration. When implanted in a rat femoral ablation model, these matrices induced bone regeneration only when protease degradable crosslinks were used to create the network. For the matrices with MMP-13 degradable crosslinkers, the bone formed had a trabecular-like structure and was distributed throughout the marrow space. Based on the correlated effects of matrix stiffness and ligand concentration, the response surface model will facilitate improvements in the regenerative capacity of these artificial extracellular matrices.