gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Surface Properties of Chemically Synthesized Peptides Analogous to Human Pulmonary Surfactant Protein SP-C. (1996)

A number of peptides with different lengths corresponding to various regions of human pulmonary surfactant protein SP-C were synthesized and their activity evaluated to improve in vitro surface activities and in situ lung pressure-volume characteristics of a ternary lipid mixture composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and palmitic acid (75:25:10, w/w). SP-C (1-35), a synthetic peptide with the entire length of human SP-C, and some other peptides with various lengths of its partial sequences were remarkably active. All of these peptides shared a common core sequence of (C)CPVHLKRLLIVVVVVVLIVVVIVGAL(L). Any deletion in this core sequence resulted in reduction of activity of the peptide. SP-C (5-31) and SP-C (6-32), the minimum peptides containing the core sequence, were combined with the ternary lipid mixture at the final peptide concentration of 2% (w/w) into synthetic surfactants which showed excellent properties comparable with those of Surfacten, a commercially available modified bovine lung surfactant. In a Langmuir-Wilhelmy surface balance, the synthetic surfactant containing SP-C (6-32) spread and adsorbed quickly to reach a surface tension of 30.8 mN/m at 30-s spreading time and 41.2 mN/m at 1-min adsorption time, respectively; the presence of SP-C (6-32) significantly prevented the decrease of surface activity of the ternary lipid mixture during dynamic compression-expansion cycles. Furthermore, tracheal instillation of the synthetic surfactant containing SP-C (6-32) at the dose of 50 mg of phospholipids/kg improved lung pressure-volume characteristics of immature rabbit neonates to a level similar to that of mature neonates at term.
Prostate-specific antigen promoter driven gene therapy targeting DNA polymerase-alpha and topoisomerase II alpha in prostate cancer. (1996)

Attainment of cell type-specific cytotoxicity with minimal side effects is the ultimate goal of cancer therapy. By employing the prostate-specific antigen promoter (PSAP), we investigated (1) whether PSAP-driven antisense genetic constructs targeting DNA polymerase-alpha and topoisomerase II alpha (Top II alpha), designated PSAP-antipol and PSAP-antitop respectively, could induce death of prostate cancer cells, and (2) whether the cytotoxicity is restricted to cells of prostate origin. A PSAP-driven beta-galactosidase gene, PSAP-LacZ, was also used to estimate the expression of the PSAP-driven transcripts. Lipofection-mediated gene transfers were performed with these 3 constructs and a control plasmid, pCDNA3, in 3 human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DU-145, PC-3) and 5 other cell lines (Cos-1 [monkey kidney], HL-60 [human myeloid leukemia], Hep G2 [human hepatoma], NCI H460 [human lung cancer] and SW 480 [human colon cancer]). On transfection with PSAP-LacZ, LNCaP, DU-145, and PC-3 showed a 10.8, 1.8, and 1.6 fold increase in beta-galactosidase activity, respectively. The remaining 5 cell lines showed no changes after transfection. Corresponding to the levels of the induced beta-galactosidase activity, LNCaP showed the strongest growth inhibition by the antisense constructs: 36% by PSAP-antipol, 39% by PSAP-antitop and 80% by PSAP-antipol+PSAP-antitop. DU-145 and PC-3 had minimal growth inhibition with PSAP-antipol alone or PSAP-antitop alone. However, when cotransfected with PSAP-antipol and PSAP-antitop, DU-145 and PC-3 displayed 42% and 55% growth inhibition, respectively. In contrast, no cytotoxicity was observed in the remaining 5 cell lines when transfected with PSAP-antipol, PSAP-antitop or both. Therefore, PSAP-driven antisense gene therapy targeting DNA polymerase-alpha and Top II alpha inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer cells and the cytotoxic effect is restricted in cells of prostate origin.
Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens and Its Association with Hypercoagulable States: Case Reports (1989)

Six patients who developed phlegmasia cerulea dolens are described. All patients had associated hypercoagulable states: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (2 patients), congenital deficiency of protein C (1 patient), and antithrombin III deficiency (3 patients). Their clinical course and management are discussed. Previous reports have failed to show a definite correlation between phlegmasia cerulea dolens and hypercoagulable states because of an unavailability of appropriate diagnostic techniques. Phlegmasia cerulea dolens is a life- and limb-threatening complication. An appreciation of underlying hypercoagulable states is essential to proper management, prophylaxis, and treatment of this disorder.
A Ictiofauna da Represa Hidrelétrica de Curuá-Una, Santarém, Pará. I - Lista e Distribuicao das Espécies (1984)

Results concerning the biology of the ichthyofauna of the hydroelectric reservoir of Curuá-Una during the months of August and November 1982 and February 1983 are presented. Collections were made in 24 h runs using gill-nets of varying mesh size at five stations (four above and one below the dam). The 2,282 fish caught represented 13 families and 50 species. The greatest number of species (36) accured at station I, furthest from the dam (796 specimens from 12 families) while station IV, closest to the dam had only 8 species (from 5 families). In terms of numbers of specimens, three species account for more than 75 % of the captures, i.e.: Hemiodopsis sp., Serrasalmus rhombeus, and Auchenipterus nuchalis. Using MARGALEF'S Diversity Coefficent values for stations decreased from stations I to IV, while station V, below the dam had a higher value. Comparing these data with those of a previous study (1977 - 1978) we confirmed a long term trend in the species abundance and composition in the reservoir as the lake matures.
Induction of systemic CTL responses in melanoma patients by dendritic cell vaccination: Cessation of CTL responses is associated with disease progression (2001)

Two HLA-A2-positive patients with advanced stage IV melanoma were treated with monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with either tumor peptide antigens from gp100, MART-1 and MAGE-3 alone or in combination with autologous oncolysates. Clinically, the rapid progression of disease was substantially stalled and both patients were alive for more than 15 months after initiation of therapy. Specific CTL reactivity against several tumor antigens was detectable in peripheral blood, which declined just before reactivation of disease progression. Furthermore, CD3 zeta-chain expression detected by Western lotting was decreased in PBL at this time. In summary, our data confirm that DC-based vaccinations induce peptide-specific T cells in the peripheral blood of advanced-stage melanoma patients. Although successful induction of systemic tumor antigen-specific CTL may not lead to objective clinical tumor regression, their presence are indicative of a prolonged survival.
Satellite cells as the source of nuclei in muscles of growing rats (1971)

Abstract The source of the new nuclei appearing during the growth of muscle fibers was examined in the tibialis anterior muscle of young Sherman rats (14–17 days of age) using radioautography at various intervals after a single injection of a small, non‐toxic dose of 3 H‐thymidine (2 μCi/g body weight). Two techniques were employed: (1) labeled nuclei were detected in 1 μ thick radioautographs examined in the light microscope, and identified by simultaneous electron microscope examination of an adjacent section. The nuclei were then classified either as “true” muscle nuclei (within the plasmalemma of the fibers) or as belonging to “satellite cells” (which are mononucleated cells with scanty cytoplasm wedged between plasmalemma and basement membrane). (2) Muscle fibers freed by collagenase digestion were radioautographed one hour after 3 H‐thymidine injection in order to determine the total number of labeled nuclei (true muscle nuclei plus those of satellite cells) per unit length of fiber. Certain nuclei within the basement membrane of muscle fibers are labeled one hour after 3 H‐thymidine and, therefore, synthesize DNA. The electron microscope demonstrates that these nuclei invariably belong to satellite cells, never to true muscle nuclei. Furthermore, the total number of labeled nuclei per unit length of fiber doubles between 1 and 24 hours; and, therefore, the labeled satellite cell nuclei undergo mitosis. Following mitosis, half of the daughters of satellite cells are incorporated into the fibers to become true muscle nuclei. The remaining half divides again later; and half of their daughter cells are incorporated. Thus, satellite cells in young rats divide repeatedly and function as a source of true muscle nuclei.
Status review on the MEMS-based flexible supercapacitors (2019)

Abstract The development of high-performance miniaturized electrochemical energy storage systems is one of the important technological challenges for innovative electronic gadgets. Flexible microelectromechanical systems-based supercapacitors are considered one of the most aggressive on-chip power sources for advanced integrated electronics. Achieving high power efficiency with excellent flexibility and transparency for the micro-supercapacitors is a major challenge nowadays. Generally, these characteristics of micro-supercapacitors are dependent on the fabrication methods, electrical, mechanical and electrochemical properties of the microelectrode materials, current collectors and electrolytes. In the present review, we have summarized the various strategies used in materials engineering to develop flexible micro-supercapacitors and their electrochemical performance characteristics. Meanwhile, this review presents the latest developments in the design, fabrication and application of flexible micro-supercapacitors.
Syndromic autism spectrum disorders: moving from a clinically defined to a molecularly defined approach (2017)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a group of neurodevelopmental conditions diagnosed solely on the basis of behavioral assessments that reveal social deficits. Progress has been made in understanding its genetic underpinnings, but most ASD-associated genetic variants, which include copy number variants (CNVs) and mutations in ASD-risk genes, account for no more than 1 % of ASD cases. This high level of genetic heterogeneity leads to challenges obtaining and interpreting genetic testing in clinical settings. The traditional definition of syndromic ASD is a disorder with a clinically defined pattern of somatic abnormalities and a neurobehavioral phenotype that may include ASD. Most have a known genetic cause. Examples include fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex. We propose dividing syndromic autism into the following two groups: (i) ASD that occurs in the context of a clinically defined syndrome-recognizing these disorders depends on the familiarity of the clinician with the features of the syndrome, and the diagnosis is typically confirmed by targeted genetic testing (eg, mutation screening of FMR1); (ii) ASD that occurs as a feature of a molecularly defined syndrome-for this group of patients, ASD-associated variants are identified by genome-wide testing that is not hypothesis driven (eg, microarray, whole exome sequencing). These ASD groups cannot be easily clinically defined because patients with a given variant have variable somatic abnormalities (dysmorphism and birth defects). In this article, we review common diagnoses from the above categories and suggest a testing strategy for patients, guided by determining whether the individual has essential or complex ASD; patients in the latter group have multiple morphologic anomalies on physical examination. Finally, we recommend that the syndromic versus nonsyndromic designation ultimately be replaced by classification of ASD according to its genetic etiology, which will inform about the associated spectrum and penetrance of neurobehavioral and somatic manifestations.
Efectos producidos por la hidrogenacion sobre los aceites y grasas comestibles. Acidos grasos transinsaturados. Contenido en los alimentos (1995)

The eating patterns in Spain has changed during recent decades, specially increasing use of procesed vegetable fats and oils, relative to animal fat intake. This change has resulted in an increased intake of chemically altered fatty acids (FAs) known as trans FAs. Trans FAs intake has been related to several biological effects. From a nutritional point of view the loss of the essential character of polyunsaturated FAs may be particulary important, also, increase the ratio of plasma low-density-lipoprotein to high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, so it is posible that they adversely influence risk of coronary heart disease. A method for the determination of the fatty acidss composition, by gas chromatography (CG) on capillary column, has been established. The analyses was performed using a chromatograph Hewlett-Packard model 5880 with flame ionization detector (FID). We have studied the trans isomers contents of the FAs fraction in 400 samples of comercial spanish foods, after a previous fat extraction and gas chromatography determination usign CP Sil 88 coated capillary columns. The results obtained show a great variability in the total trans fatty acids (%) contents, from 0,1 ± 0,1 in refined olive oils to 16,8 ± 5,7 in margarines and 20,9 ± 12,9 in french fries potatoes of burger.
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL INFLUENCES MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS WITH INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM (2009)

There is emerging evidence that polyethylene glycol (PEG), widely used as a bowel preparation before surgery, may protect the intestinal epithelium from microbial invasion. Experiments were designed to study the effects of both low-molecular-weight (LMW; 3.35 kd) and high-molecular-weight (HMW; 15-20 kd) PEG on interactions of Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata with intestinal epithelium (these three intestinal microbes are frequently involved in systemic infection in shock and trauma patients.) In vitro experiments studied the effects of PEG on mature Caco-2 enterocytes. Using the gentamicin protection assay, both HMW and LMW PEG inhibited E. coli internalization by Caco-2 enterocytes. Using an immunosorbent assay, both HMW and LMW PEG inhibited C. albicans and C. glabrata adherence to Caco-2 enterocytes. Scanning electron micrographs of Caco-2 cells incubated in HMW or LMW PEG showed globular material distributed randomly over the epithelial surface, and apical microvilli seemed distorted. As an in vivo correlate to these experiments, separate groups of antibiotic-treated mice were orally associated with either E. coli, C. albicans, or C. glabrata, and cohort groups were given drinking water containing 5% HMW or 5% LMW PEG. Cecal colonization of E. coli was decreased in mice given HMW but not LMW PEG. Cecal colonization with C. albicans or C. glabrata was decreased in mice given either HMW or LMW PEG. These data provide further evidence that PEG may decrease microbial colonization and microbial interactions with intestinal epithelium.
Progress report on using magneto-strictive sputtered thin films to modify the shape of a x-ray telescope mirror (2012)

There is a basic need both in X-ray astronomy and in synchrotron X-ray optics to be able to modify the shape of an optic via an external source of actuation. We describe a technique of shape modification that can be applied to thin walled (~ 100-400 micron thickness) electroformed replicated optics or glass optics to improve the near net shape of the mirror as well as the mid-frequency (~ 2-10 mm length scales) ripple. The process involves sputter deposition of a magnetic smart material (MSM) film onto a magnetically hard material (i.e., one that retains a magnetic field, e.g. the material in hard disk drives). The MSM material exhibits strains about 400 times stronger than ordinary ferromagnetic materials. The deformation process involves a magnetic write head which traverses the surface, and under the guidance of active metrology feedback, locally magnetizes the surface to impart strain where needed. We describe the results of our current progress toward our ultimate goal of improving the angular resolution of grazing incidence optics.
Endotoxemia in mice stimulates production of complement C3 and serum amyloid A in mucosa of small intestine (1998)

We examined the effect of endotoxemia in mice on protein and mRNA levels for the acute phase proteins complement C3 and serum amyloid A (SAA) in jejunal mucosa. Endotoxemia was induced in mice by the subcutaneous injection of 250 microg lipopolysaccharide per mouse. Control mice were injected with saline. C3 and SAA were measured by ELISA. Messenger RNA levels were determined by Northern blot analysis or competitive PCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine in which cell type(s) C3 and SAA were present. Mucosal C3 and SAA protein and mRNA levels were increased in endotoxemic mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that C3 was present in both enterocytes and cells of the lamina propria, whereas SAA was seen mainly in lamina propria cells. Results suggest that endotoxemia stimulates production of C3 and SAA in small intestinal mucosa. The response may be regulated at the transcriptional level and probably reflects increased synthesis of the acute phase proteins in both enterocytes and cells of the lamina propria.
Cisco Systems NetFlow Services Export Version 9 (2004)

This document specifies the data export format for version 9 of Cisco
Systems' NetFlow services, for use by implementations on the
network elements and/or matching collector programs. The version 9
export format uses templates to provide access to observations of IP
packet flows in a flexible and extensible manner. A template defines a
collection of fields, with corresponding descriptions of structure and
semantics. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
Molecular packing modes. Part XI. Crystal structures of the 2:1 complexes of benzamide with succinic acid and furamide with oxalic acid (1973)

The benzamide–succinic acid adduct (I) crystallises in space group P21/c, with Z= 2 in a unit cell of dimensions: a= 9·194, b= 5·116, c= 19·480 Å, β= 105·66°. The structure was refined from three-dimensional film data to R 0·10 (1441 reflections). The furamide–oxalic acid adduct (II) crystallises in space group P, with Z= 1 in a unit cell of dimensions: a= 7·459, b= 6·579, c= 8·064 Å, α= 92·19, β= 95·60, γ= 120·29°. The structure was refined from three-dimensional counter data to R= 0·015 (1451 reflections).Both (I) and (II) form 2:1 molecular-complex units in which the amide and carboxy-groups are linked by cyclic hydrogen-bonded (asymmetric) pairs [(I) : O–H ⋯ O 2·60, N–H ⋯ O 2·98; (II) : O–H ⋯ O 2·53, N–H ⋯ O 2·92 Å]. The units of (I) are interlinked, along the 5 Å axis, by amide–amide hydrogen bonds (N–H ⋯ O 3·02 Å). Those of (II) are joined, along the 6·6 Å axis, by bifurcated N–H ⋯ O bonds [N–H ⋯ O(hydroxy) 3·10, N–H ⋯ O(carbonyl) 2·94 Å] between the furamide and oxalic acid fragments.
Glass Transition Behaviors of a Polyurethane Hard Segment based on 4,4‘-Diisocyanatodiphenylmethane and 1,4-Butanediol and the Calculation of Microdomain Composition (1997)

The long-term confusing glass transition temperature, Tg, and specific heat capacity, ΔCp, of the 4,4‘-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane (MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) hard segment in segment polyurethanes have been clearly evidenced by using a new series of completely phase-mixed polyurethanes while being extrapolated to 100% hard segment content. The hard segment Tg and ΔCp thus obtained are 108 °C and 0.38 J/g °C, respectively, which are equivalent to the reported Tg and ΔCp of a high molecular weight MDI−BD homopolymer. In addition, if a single homogeneous phase is present, the observed ΔCp and Tg are found to be given by the linear weighted combination of the pure constituent values. This provides a simple relationship to access the composition of the individual microdomain in segment polyurethanes, providing that the phase-separate morphology does not affect the microdomain glass transition behavior.
Serotonin 5-HT2Areceptor induces TGF-β1 expression in mesangial cells via ERK: proliferative and fibrotic signals (1999)

We examined the links between fibrotic and proliferative pathways for the 5-HT2A receptor in rat mesangial cells. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA in a concentration-dependent (peak at 30 nM 5-HT) and time-dependent fashion. For 10 nM 5-HT, the effect was noticeable at 1 h and maximal by 6 h. Inhibition of 1) protein kinase C (PKC), 2) mitogen- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK1) with 2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone (PD-90859), and 3) extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) with apigenin attenuated this effect. The effect was blocked by antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and alpha-lipoic acid, and mimicked by direct application of H2O2. TGF-beta1 mRNA induction was also blocked by diphenyleneiodonium and 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride, which inhibit NAD(P)H oxidase, a source of oxidants. 5-HT increased the amount of TGF-beta1 protein, validating the mRNA studies and demonstrating that 5-HT potently activates ERK and induces TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein in mesangial cells. Mapping studies strongly supported relative positions of the components of the signaling cascade as follow: 5-HT2A receptor --> PKC --> NAD(P)H oxidase/reactive oxygen species --> MEK --> ERK --> TGF-beta1 mRNA. These studies demonstrate that mitogenic signaling components (PKC, MEK, and oxidants) are directly linked to the regulation of TGF-beta1, a key mediator of fibrosis. Thus a single stimulus can direct both proliferative and fibrotic signals in renal mesangial cells.
Sensitization of resistant myeloid leukemia clone cells by anti-cancer drugs to factor-stimulating differentiation. (1979)

Studies were made on the effect of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs on in vitro differentiation of a clone (R4) of mouse myeloid leukemic cells (MI) that is resistant to inducers. Treatment of the cells with 50% ascitic fluid (an inducer) plus 0.25 microgram/ml of adriamycin or 0.3 microgram/ml of daunomycin induced phagocytic activity and suppressed cell growth, but had little effect on cell viability; treatment with ascitic fluid or the drugs alone had no effect. In combination with ascitic fluid, mitomycin-C, hydroxyurea, 5-fluorouracil, or bleomycin also induced phagocytic activity, but 6-mercaptopurine, amethopterin, or aminopterin did not. These drugs also induced other differentiation-associated properties, lysozyme activity, and locomotive activity. The present results indicate that some cancer chemotherapeutic drugs sensitive resistant leukemic cells to an inducer of cell differentiation.
Medium-Range Order in Silica, the Canonical Network Glass (1996)

Most of the diffraction data for silica, the prototypical network glass, can be understood through local structural parameters. Failures to fit the prominent first (sharp) diffraction peak (FSDP), giving vital clues to medium-range order, are spectacular, however. We show a correspondence between FSDPs in glasses and crystals and examine anisotropic scattering from atomic models for $a{\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. The FSDP is related to quasi-Bragg planes, specified by features to $\ensuremath{\sim}1\mathrm{nm}$ in the correlation function, thus defining the medium-range structure. Arguments are general, applicable to most amorphous materials.