gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism in tumor necrosis factor genes associated with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. (1995)

Recent studies have shown that mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), a severe and debilitating form of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis infection, is accompanied by high circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Analysis of TNF polymorphisms in Venezuelan ACL patients and endemic unaffected controls demonstrates a high relative risk (RR) of 7.5 (P < 0.001) of MCL disease in homozygotes for allele 2 of a polymorphism in intron 2 of the TNF-beta gene, especially in females (RR = 9.5; P < 0.001) compared with males (RR = 4; P < 0.05). A significantly higher frequency (P < 0.05) of allele 2 at the -308-basepair TNF-alpha gene polymorphism was also observed in MCL patients (0.18) compared with endemic control subjects (0.069), again associated with a high relative risk of disease (RR = 3.5; P < 0.05) even in the heterozygous condition. Because both the TNF-alpha and TNF-beta polymorphisms have previously been linked with functional differences in TNF-alpha levels, these data suggest that susceptibility to the mucocutaneous form of disease may be directly associated with regulatory polymorphisms affecting TNF-alpha production.
The Residential Power Circuit as a Communication Medium (1986)

This paper is a summary of work done to characterize the residential power circuit as a communication medium. Here the term residential power circuit refers to that part of the power circuit on the secondary side of the distribution transformer. This circuit is often used for communication signals for controlling appliances, security devices, and for other purposes. The frequencies of most interest in these systems range from about 100 to 200 kHz. The interface to this circuit is usually a 120 V or 240 V receptacle used to deliver power. These communication systems are called residential power line carrier systems. Other types of power line carrier are distribution line carrier and transmission line carrier both of which are used by the power utilities for communications purposes.
Handy-Potter: Rapid Exploration of Rotationally Symmetric Shapes Through Natural Hand Motions (2013)

Abstract We present a paradigm for natural and exploratory shape modeling by introducing novel 3D interactions for creating, modifying, and manipulating 3D shapes using arms and hands. Though current design tools provide complex modeling functionalities, they remain nonintuitive for novice users. Significant training is required to use these tools since they segregate 3D shapes into hierarchical 2D inputs, binding the user to stringent procedural steps and making modifications cumbersome. On the other hand, the use of computer-aided design (CAD) systems is typically involved during the final phases of design. This leaves a void in the early design phase wherein the creative exploration is critical. We present a shape creation paradigm as an exploration of creative imagination and externalization of shapes, particularly in the early phases of design. We integrate the capability of humans to express 3D shapes via hand-arm motions with traditional sweep surface representation to demonstrate rapid exploration of a rich variety of 3D shapes. We track the skeleton of users using the depth data provided by low-cost depth sensing camera (Kinect). Our modeling tool is configurable to provide a variety of implicit constraints for shape symmetry and resolution based on the position, orientation, and speed of the arms. An intuitive strategy for shape modifications is also proposed. Our main goal is to help the user to communicate the design intent to the computer with minimal effort. To this end, we conclusively demonstrate the creation of a wide variety of product concepts and show an average modeling time of a only few seconds while retaining the intuitiveness of the design process.
Adhesion of monocyte-derived dendritic cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in flow field decreases upon maturation. (2005)

Dendritic cells (DC) are sentinels of the immune system. They and their precursors undergo complex migration to perform their function in vivo. Binding of DC to vascular endothelial cells in a flow field has not been investigated. We therefore determined adhesion of DC and their precursors, MO, to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under various shear stresses by using a flow chamber system. The results showed that the binding was reduced with developmental stages of DC, which partially depended on CD11a and cell surface charges. The data had potential relevance for anti-cancer immunotherapy strategies favoring the application of mDC.
Abnormalities of Wnt signalling in schizophrenia – evidence for neurodevelopmental abnormality (1998)

The Wnt signalling pathway is central to normal brain development in vertebrates and invertebrates and mediates cell fate determination, cell adhesion and cell proliferation. However, its relevance to disorders of cerebral development in man is untested. We evaluated the potential involvement of the Wnt signalling pathway in schizophrenia, a disorder of neurodevelopment origin in which alterations in neuronal lamination and orientation have been described. Using immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative rating scales, we examined the distribution of two components of the Wnt signalling pathway, beta-catenin and gamma-catenin in the hippocampus and subiculum of 12 schizophrenic (DSMIIR criteria) and 14 control subjects. Both catenins were distributed as intraneuronal diffuse and/or ring shaped forms. The diffuse staining of both forms catenin were reduced in the CA3 and beta-catenin was also reduced in the CA4 hippocampal subregion among schizophrenic subjects. These alternations may represent the basis of the developmental brain abnormalities found in schizophrenia and would have functionally important consequences in the adult.
Afrikaans literature and (metropolitan) postcolonial theory: Interrogations from the Margin (1998)

Summary This article criticises proposals made by Rosemary Jolly about the manner in which postapartheid culture in South Africa should be approached to advance the creation of a postcolonial future. Although I provisionally agree with her that binary thinking should be avoided, I criticise the representation of Afrikaans literature on which part of her argument is based. The most important objection is that Jolly can see a role for certain kinds of writers only, namely dissident ones. I show how writers that I categorise as nondissident, nonnationalist, have already given form to the kind of culture envisaged by Jolly.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant and urinary human FSH in the male monkey (Macaca fascicularis) (1994)

A dose-finding study was performed in adult male monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a recombinant human FSH preparation (rhFSH). Groups of five monkeys were randomly assigned to receive single i.m. injections of 0.9% (w/v) NaCl (diluent), 6, 12 or 24 IU rhFSH/kg or 24 IU urinary human FSH/kg (uhFSH). The doses were based on an in vivo ovarian weight gain assay. Blood samples were collected 24 h before and immediately prior to injections, and 4, 8, 12, 24, 72 and 96 h after injections for determination of serum levels of immunoactive FSH by fluoroimmunoassay, bioactive FSH by an in vitro Sertoli cell assay, and inhibin and testosterone by radioimmunoassay. Inhibin was chosen as a marker for in vivo hFSH activity, since the secretion of inhibin in male monkeys is under the control of FSH. Administration of hFSH resulted in dose-related increases in serum hFSH concentrations. rhFSH and uhFSH exhibited similar pharmacokinetics. Comparable findings were obtained when serum samples were analysed for in vitro FSH bioactivity. Maximum serum hFSH levels were obtained 4-6 h after administration and the elimination half-life of hFSH was on average 18-22 h. The serum pharmacokinetics of rhFSH were linear within the dose range explored. Baseline inhibin concentrations varied significantly between groups. However, when the changes in inhibin concentrations were normalized to the baseline values (per cent change, area under curve and maximum inhibin level), a dose-dependent stimulatory effect of rhFSH on serum inhibin was evident.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging of Cellular Oxidative Stress Using Profluorescent Nitroxides (2012)

A range of varying chromophore nitroxide free radicals and their nonradical methoxyamine analogues were synthesized and their linear photophysical properties examined. The presence of the proximate free radical masks the chromophore's usual fluorescence emission, and these species are described as profluorescent. Two nitroxides incorporating anthracene and fluorescein chromophores (compounds 7 and 19, respectively) exhibited two-photon absorption (2PA) cross sections of approximately 400 G.M. when excited at wavelengths greater than 800 nm. Both of these profluorescent nitroxides demonstrated low cytotoxicity toward Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Imaging colocalization experiments with the commercially available CellROX Deep Red oxidative stress monitor demonstrated good cellular uptake of the nitroxide probes. Sensitivity of the nitroxide probes to H2O2-induced damage was also demonstrated by both one- and two-photon fluorescence microscopy. These profluorescent nitroxide probes are potentially powerful tools for imaging oxidative stress in biological systems, and they essentially "light up" in the presence of certain species generated from oxidative stress. The high ratio of the fluorescence quantum yield between the profluorescent nitroxide species and their nonradical adducts provides the sensitivity required for measuring a range of cellular redox environments. Furthermore, their reasonable 2PA cross sections provide for the option of using two-photon fluorescence microscopy, which circumvents commonly encountered disadvantages associated with one-photon imaging such as photobleaching and poor tissue penetration.
A human T cell-specific molecule is a member of a new gene family. (1988)

We have used a cDNA library enriched for T cell-specific sequences to isolate genes expressed by T cells but not by other cell types. We report here one such gene, designated RANTES, which encodes a novel T cell-specific molecule. The RANTES gene product is predicted to be 10 kDa and, after cleavage of the signal peptide, approximately 8 kDa. Of the 68 residues, 4 are cysteines, and there are no sites for N-linked glycosylation. RANTES is expressed by cultured T cell lines that are Ag specific and growth factor dependent. RANTES expression is inducible in PBL by Ag or mitogen. In CTL, expression of RANTES decreases after stimulation with Ag and growth factors. Interestingly, RANTES was not expressed by any T cell tumor line tested. There is significant homology between the RANTES sequence and several other T cell genes, suggesting that they comprise a previously undescribed family of small T cell molecules.
Length of storage of transfused red cells and postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing coronary artery bypassgraft surgery (2000)

This study did not corroborate the previously reported association between transfusion of old RBCs and increased morbidity. However, there is surprisingly little research on the clinical outcomes of the transfusions of old RBCs, and this hypothesis should be investigated further.
Identification of LY2510924, a Novel Cyclic Peptide CXCR4 Antagonist That Exhibits Antitumor Activities in Solid Tumor and Breast Cancer Metastatic Models (2014)

Emerging evidence demonstrates that stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and CXCR4, a chemokine and chemokine receptor pair, play important roles in tumorigenesis. In this report, we describe a small cyclic peptide, LY2510924, which is a potent and selective CXCR4 antagonist currently in phase II clinical studies for cancer. LY2510924 specifically blocked SDF-1 binding to CXCR4 with IC50 value of 0.079 nmol/L, and inhibited SDF-1-induced GTP binding with Kb value of 0.38 nmol/L. In human lymphoma U937 cells expressing endogenous CXCR4, LY2510924 inhibited SDF-1-induced cell migration with IC50 value of 0.26 nmol/L and inhibited SDF-1/CXCR4-mediated intracellular signaling. LY2510924 exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of SDF-1-stimulated phospho-ERK and phospho-Akt in tumor cells. Biochemical and cellular analyses revealed that LY2510924 had no apparent agonist activity. Pharmacokinetic analyses suggested that LY2510924 had acceptable in vivo stability and a pharmacokinetic profile similar to a typical small-molecular inhibitor in preclinical species. LY2510924 showed dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in human xenograft models developed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma, lung, and colon cancer cells that express functional CXCR4. In MDA-MB-231, a breast cancer metastatic model, LY2510924 inhibited tumor metastasis by blocking migration/homing process of tumor cells to the lung and by inhibiting cell proliferation after tumor cell homing. Collectively, the preclinical data support further investigation of LY2510924 in clinical studies for cancer.
Defining the Molecular Requirements for the Selective Delivery of Polyamine Conjugates into Cells Containing Active Polyamine Transporters (2003)

Several N(1)-substituted polyamines containing various spacer units between nitrogen centers were synthesized as their respective HCl salts. The N(1)-substituents included benzyl, naphthalen-1-ylmethyl, anthracen-9-ylmethyl, and pyren-1-ylmethyl. The polyamine spacer units ranged from generic (4,4-triamine, 4,3-triamine, and diaminooctane) spacers to more exotic [2-(ethoxy)ethanoxy-containing diamine, hydroxylated 4,3-triamine, and cyclohexylene-containing triamine] spacers. Two control compounds were also evaluated: N-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)-butylamine and N-(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)-butanediamine. Biological activities in L1210 (murine leukemia), alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)-treated L1210, and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and its polyamine transport-deficient mutant (CHO-MG) cell lines were investigated via IC(50) cytotoxicity determinations. K(i) values for spermidine uptake were also determined in L1210 cells. Of the series studied, the N(1)-benzyl-4,4-triamine system 6 had significantly higher IC(50) values (lower cytotoxicity) in the L1210, CHO, and CHO-MG cell lines. A cellular debenzylation process was observed in L1210 cells with 6 and generated "free" homospermidine. The size of the N(1)-arylmethyl substituent had direct bearing on the observed cytotoxicity in CHO-MG cells. The N(1)-naphthalenylmethyl, N(1)-anthracenylmethyl, and N(1)-pyrenylmethyl 4,4-triamines had similar toxicity (IC(50)s: approximately 0.5 microM) in CHO cells, which have an active polyamine transporter (PAT). However, this series had IC(50) values of >100 microM, 66.7 microM, and 15.5 microM, respectively, in CHO-MG cells, which are PAT-deficient. The observed lower cytotoxicity in the PAT-deficient CHO-MG cell line supported the premise that the conjugates use PAT for cellular entry. In general, moderate affinities for the polyamine transporter were observed for the N-arylmethyl 4,4-triamine series with their L1210 K(i) values all near 3 microM. In summary, the 4,4-triamine motif was shown to facilitate entry of polyamine conjugates into cells containing active polyamine transporters.
Copolymers of lysine and polyethylene glycol: a new family of functionalized drug carriers (1993)

Poly(PEG-Lys), a new, water-soluble poly(ether urethane), derived from L-lysine and poly(ethylene glycol) was investigated as a precursor for the preparation of polymeric drug conjugates. To facilitate a wide variety of coupling chemistries, the pendent carboxyl groups of poly(PEG-Lys) were converted to other reactive functional groups (amino, hydroxyl, active ester, and aldehyde) in high yield. These reactive pendent chains were then used as anchors for the covalent attachment of penicillin V and cephradine, two clinically used antimicrobial agents. Coupling to the carrier was achieved in good yields and the chemical versatility of this system was demonstrated by the preparation of conjugates having antibiotic ligands linked via biostable or biodegradable linkages to the carrier, either directly or via a spacer. Conjugate 4, poly(PEG-Lys-penicillin V ester), was obtained by linking penicillin V to the polymer backbone via hydrolytically labile ester bonds. This conjugate exhibited activity similar to that of the parent drug against three clinically important strains of bacteria. Drug activity coincided with the release of the drug from the carrier. Hydrolytically stable cephradine-containing conjugates were prepared by three different coupling methods but showed no antibiotic activity. 14C-labeled poly(PEG-Lys) was injected into mice and its biodistribution was monitored for 48 h. The carrier showed no preferential uptake by liver, spleen, or kidney. No signs of acute toxicity were evident in mice or rats when poly(PEG-Lys) was administered iv and ip at doses up to 10 g/kg. These results indicate that poly(PEG-Lys) is a promising precursor for the preparation of soluble drug conjugates.
Subepithelial Fibrosis and Degradation of the Bronchial Extracellular Matrix in Cystic Fibrosis (1998)

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Chronic inflammation and proteolysis lead to progressive damage of the bronchial wall. Extracellular matrix determines the structural organization and the mechanical properties of lung airways. It was thus examined in nine patients with cystic fibrosis (six bronchial biopsies and three lobectomies) in order to assess its level of alteration. The submucosal changes in matrix protein distribution were analyzed by immunochemistry and electron microscopy: the subepithelial basal lamina was thinned; an acellular collagen fiber layer composed of interstitial collagens (types I and III) subtended by tenascin and devoid of elastin-associated microfibrils was deposited beneath the basal lamina; this dense fibrous deposit generally formed a thick layer and could extend into the bronchial wall; the bronchial elastic framework lost arborescent distribution and appeared slender, packed, or lacunar; ultrastructural observation gave evidence for elastic and collagenic fiber lysis. Proteolytic activity is probably the major cause of matrix degradation. Fibrosis appears as a repair process rather than as an active fibrogenesis. The reversibility of extracellular matrix alterations is an important challenge and various interventions such as anti-inflammatory treatments can be targeted to halt or reverse this degradation process.
Temperature dependence of the interaction parameter of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTemperature dependence of the interaction parameter of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate)Thomas P. Russell, Rex P. Hjelm Jr., and Phil A. SeegerCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 3, 890–893Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00205a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00205a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5072Altmetric-Citations390LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of the immunogenicity of prime-boost vaccination with the replication-deficient viral vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (2020)

Clinical development of the COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, a replication-deficient simian adenoviral vector expressing the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein was initiated in April 2020 following non-human primate studies using a single immunisation. Here, we compared the immunogenicity of one or two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in both mice and pigs. Whilst a single dose induced antigen-specific antibody and T cells responses, a booster immunisation enhanced antibody responses, particularly in pigs, with a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 neutralising titres.
Triboelectric-Generator-Driven Pulse Electrodeposition for Micropatterning (2012)

By converting ambient energy into electricity, energy harvesting is capable of at least offsetting, or even replacing, the reliance of small portable electronics on traditional power supplies, such as batteries. Here we demonstrate a novel and simple generator with extremely low cost for efficiently harvesting mechanical energy that is typically present in the form of vibrations and random displacements/deformation. Owing to the coupling of contact charging and electrostatic induction, electric generation was achieved with a cycled process of contact and separation between two polymer films. A detailed theory is developed for understanding the proposed mechanism. The instantaneous electric power density reached as high as 31.2 mW/cm(3) at a maximum open circuit voltage of 110 V. Furthermore, the generator was successfully used without electric storage as a direct power source for pulse electrodeposition (PED) of micro/nanocrystalline silver structure. The cathodic current efficiency reached up to 86.6%. Not only does this work present a new type of generator that is featured by simple fabrication, large electric output, excellent robustness, and extremely low cost, but also extends the application of energy-harvesting technology to the field of electrochemistry with further utilizations including, but not limited to, pollutant degradation, corrosion protection, and water splitting.
Bis[iridium(I)] Complex of Inverted N-Confused Porphyrin (2006)

The reaction of N-confused tetraphenylporphyrin with IrCl(CO)2(p-toluidine) gave a novel bis[iridium(I)] complex, wherein the confused pyrrole ring took an inverted conformation.