gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmission of externally applied negative pressure to the underlying tissue. A study on the upper arm of man (1989)

The transmission to the underlying tissue of externally applied negative pressure (2-50 mmHg) was studied in 15 male volunteers on a segment of the upper arm 8 cm in length enclosed in a clear plastic cylinder sealed hermetically against the skin. Pressure recordings were obtained from the anterior and posterior tissue compartments from sites along the entire tissue segment exposed to negative pressure at depths from the skin surface ranging from 5 to 62 mm. Reduction of pressure in the cylinder caused rapid decline, and cessation of external negative pressure rapid recovery, of tissue pressure. In the steady-state phase of negative tissue pressure, the applied external pressure change was in the great majority of experiments transmitted fully or almost fully to the tissue, regardless of from which position along the tissue segment and from which tissue depth pressure was recorded and regardless of the magnitude of the applied negative pressure. The described findings suggest that a defined reduction of atmospheric pressure leads to a similar alteration of vascular transmural pressure and that the technique of external negative pressure can be used for not only qualitative but also quantitative studies of local circulatory reactions evoked by such transmural pressure changes.
Palladium-Catalyzed Conjugate Reduction of α, β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Potassium Formate (1991)

Trisubstituted 2-buten-4-olides 1(7 examples) and α, β-unsaturated ketones and esters 2 (5 examples) undergo conjugate reduction to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in good to high yield in the presence of the potassium formate/palladium(II) acetate system.
Effect of fabrication method and resin type on performance of tibial bearings (2000)

Polyethylene has been used successfully for more than 30 years as an orthopedic bearing material. During this time, several polyethylene resins and fabrication methods have been used to produce bearings. Some bearings fail prematurely due to fatigue, which has been linked to oxidation and degradation of mechanical properties resulting from gamma sterilization in air. Fabrication method and/or resin have been hypothesized to govern whether oxidative degradation occurs in gamma-sterilized bearings. This study evaluates the effect of fabrication (machining/direct compression molding) and resin type on oxidation and the resulting mechanical properties for a large series of never-implanted bearings. While many molded bearings studied exhibit lower oxidation than machined bearings, fabrication method is not a significant predictor of oxidation. Resin type and shelf-age are found to be significant predictors of oxidation. Bearings fabricated from Himont 1900 exhibit lower oxidation than those from GUR 415/412 at comparable times after gamma in air. However, Himont 1900 bearings lose strength and elongation at lower oxidation levels than GUR 415/412 bearings. But since Himont 1900 oxidizes more slowly, Himont 1900 bearings retain mechanical properties for longer shelf times than comparable GUR 415/412 bearings. These effects are seen in retrievals as well.
Efficacy and safety of once-daily aclidinium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2011)

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00363896 (ACCLAIM/COPD I) and NCT00358436 (ACCLAIM/COPD II).
A survey of the alimentary tract of cattle for Clostridium perfringens. (1967)

Contents of the rumen, abomasum, ileum, and colon of 100 fattened cattle were examined for the presence of Cl. Perfringens. Liquid medium iniculated with each sample of gut content was tested for the presence of toxins of Cl. Perfringens. Identification of Cl. Perfringens was based on atmospheric requirements for growth, colonial morphology, and stormy fermentation in litmus milk. Identification of toxins was based on neutralization tests in guinea pigs and mice.Cl. Perfringens was isolated from 202 of 399 samples. In 105 additional cultures, colonies characteristic of Cl. Perfringens were present but could not be isolated in pure culture.Cl. Perfringens type D toxin was identified in only one culture, which was inoculated with ileum contents. Type A toxin was identified in eight of the 24 samples from the one lot of samples in which no type A antitoxin was used. There were no identifications of toxigenic types B, C, or E. The results indicate that an isolation from necropsy specimens of untyped Cl. Perfringens or type A Cl. Perfringens is in itself of little significance. The infrequency of occurrence of the other toxigenic types in this survey of healthy cattle indicates that recovery of these types from necropsy specimens may be of more significance in determining the cause of death.
Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2008)

The maturation of nanotechnology has revealed it to be a unique and distinct discipline rather than a specialization within a larger field. Its textbook cannot afford to be a chemistry, physics, or engineering text focused on nano. It must be an integrated, multidisciplinary, and specifically nano textbook. The archetype of the modern nano textbook
Expression of the Apelin–APJ Pathway and Effects on Erectile Function in a Mouse Model of Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction (2013)

These findings suggest that apelin-APJ signaling is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of vasculogenic ED. Further studies are needed to develop a potent agonist for APJ and to determine the role of repeated dosing of apelin on long-term recovery of erectile function.
Grasp, a visible and manipulable model for procedural programs (1986)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1986.
Elevated hyaluronan concentration without hyaluronidase activation in malignant epithelial ovarian tumors. (2002)

The concentration and histological distribution of hyaluronan, a tumor promoting extracellular matrix polysaccharide, and the activity of hyaluronidase, a potential source of angiogenic hyaluronan oligosaccharides, were analyzed in malignant epithelial (n = 24), borderline (n = 8), benign epithelial (n = 20), functional cyst (n = 21), and normal (n = 5) tissue samples of human ovary. Hyaluronan concentration increased specifically in cancers (P = 0.001), particularly in grade 3 tumors (>49-fold) and in metastases (>89-fold). Hyaluronan staining in the tissues correlated with hyaluronan concentration (P = 0.002). Hyaluronidase activity slightly decreased from semimalignant through low grade to high grade tumors (P = 0.041). Therefore, hyaluronan accumulation, but not hyaluronidase activation, is associated with the aggressiveness of ovarian epithelial cancer.
Relationships between Hydroxyproline-containing Proteins Secreted into the Cell Wall and Medium by Suspension-cultured Acer pseudoplatanus Cells (1977)

The pathway of hydroxyproline-containing proteins to the cell wall, and to the growth medium in suspension-cultured Acer pseudoplatanus cells is traced by following the kinetics of the transfer of protein-bound (14)C-hydroxyproline into various fractions, and by comparing the hydroxyproline-arabinoside profiles of these fractions after alkaline hydrolysis.Hydroxyproline-rich protein passes directly from a membrane-bound compartment in the cytoplasm to the cell wall, not via an intermediate salt-soluble pool in the wall.There are at least three hydroxyproline-containing glycoproteins in the cell wall. One which possesses mono, tri, and tetraarabinoside side chains accounts for over 90% of the total hydroxyproline. This glycoprotein is "extensin."The hydroxyproline-containing proteins secreted into the medium have a glycosylation pattern markedly different from that of the major cell wall glycoprotein. It appears that there is little or no wall-like extensin in the medium.Approximately half of the protein-bound hydroxyproline secreted into the medium is linked to an arabinogalactan. This linkage is also found in a particulate wall protein precursor fraction from the cytoplasm, but only trace amounts can be detected in the cell wall.
Catalytic Properties of the Plant Cytochrome P450 CYP73 Expressed in Yeast (1994)

The catalytic properties of CYP73, a cinnamate 4-hydroxylase isolated from Helianthus tuberosus tuber [Teutsch, H. G., Hasenfratz, M. P., Lesot, A., Stoltz, C., Garnier, J. M., Jeltsch, J. M., Durst, F. & Werck-Reichhart, D. (1993) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 4102-4106] and expressed in an optimised yeast system [Urban, P., Werck-Reichart, D., Teutsch, G. H., Durst, F., Regnier, S., Kazmaier, M. & Pompon, D. (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. 222, 843-850] have been investigated. Microsomes from transformed yeast catalysed trans-cinnamate hydroxylation with high efficiency. CYP73 was highly specific for its natural substrate, and did not catalyse oxygenation of p-coumarate, benzoate, ferulate, naringenin or furanocoumarins. No metabolism of terpenoids or fatty acids, known substrates of plant P450s, was observed. CYP73 however demethylated the natural coumarin herniarin into umbelliferone. In addition, it was shown to oxygenate five xenobiotics and mechanism-based inactivators, including the herbicide chlorotoluron. All substrates of CYP73 were small planar aromatic molecules. Comparison of the kinetic parameters of CYP73 for its various substrates showed that, as expected, cinnamate was by far the best substrate of this P450. The physiological and toxicological significance of these observations are discussed.
Aggregating Local Image Descriptors into Compact Codes (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of large-scale image search. Three constraints have to be taken into account: search accuracy, efficiency, and memory usage. We first present and evaluate different ways of aggregating local image descriptors into a vector and show that the Fisher kernel achieves better performance than the reference bag-of-visual words approach for any given vector dimension. We then jointly optimize dimensionality reduction and indexing in order to obtain a precise vector comparison as well as a compact representation. The evaluation shows that the image representation can be reduced to a few dozen bytes while preserving high accuracy. Searching a 100 million image data set takes about 250 ms on one processor core.
Fast Responding Exhaled-Breath Sensors Using WO3 Hemitubes Functionalized by Graphene-Based Electronic Sensitizers for Diagnosis of Diseases (2014)

Diagnostic sensing device using exhaled breath of human have critical advantages due to the noninvasive diagnosis and high potential for portable device with simple analysis process. Here, we report ultrafast as well as highly sensitive bumpy WO3 hemitube nanostructure assisted by O2 plasma surface modification with functionalization of graphene-based material for the detection of acetone (CH3COCH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which are biomarkers for the diagnosis of diabetes and halitosis, respectively. 0.1 wt % graphene oxide (GO)- and 0.1 wt % thin layered graphite (GR)- WO3 hemitube composites showed response times of 11.5 ± 2.5 s and 13.5 ± 3.4 s to 1 ppm acetone as well as 12.5 ± 1.9 s and 10.0 ± 1.6 s to 1 ppm of H2S, respectively. In addition, low limits of detection (LOD) of 100 ppb (Rair/Rgas = 1.7 for acetone and Rair/Rgas = 3.3 for H2S at 300 °C) were achieved. The superior sensing properties were ascribed to the electronic sensitization of graphene based materials by modulating space charged layers at the interfaces between n-type WO3 hemitubes and p-type graphene based materials, as identified by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM). Rapid response and superior sensitivity of the proposed sensing materials following cyclic thermal aging demonstrates good potential for real-time exhaled breath diagnosis of diseases.
In-vitro susceptibility of isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 1988–1993 (1996)

MICs for 423 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in Hong Kong during 1988-1993 were performed for 15 antimicrobial agents: erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, minocycline, gentamicin, netilmicin, trimethoprim, rifampicin, fusidic acid, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, sparfloxacin, clinafloxacin and RP 59500 (quinupristin/dalfopristin). Susceptibility to antibiotics generally remained stable throughout the study period, with the exception of the quinolones. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (breakpoint 4 mg/L) increased from a low of 9% in 1988 to a high of 82% in 1993. For sparfloxacin the corresponding figures were 9% and 78%, respectively. Six (1%) clinafloxacin-resistant strains were found. MIC50s and MIC90s of clinafloxacin increased from < or = 0.06 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L in 1988 to 1.0 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L, respectively, in 1993. All 423 strains were phage typed (typability 70%) and a diversity of phage types which changed during the observation period, with 13 dominating types, was observed. Ciprofloxacin resistance occurred in 12 of the dominating types, in 46 non-typable strains, and also in 23 strains of different, sporadically occurring types, indicating that the emergence of quinolone resistance was not due to dissemination of a single or few MRSA clones. The usefulness of quinolones in the treatment of MRSA infections is likely to be seriously constrained by the emergence of resistance. MICs for RP-59500 were < or = 2 mg/L for all isolates, suggesting that this agent merits further evaluation as an anti-MRSA agent. All MRSA remained susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin throughout the study period.
Interference of monoclonal antibodies with proteolysis of antigens in cellular and in acellular systems. (1991)

Monoclonal antibodies complexed with protein antigens can interfere with proteolytic degradation of the antigen. Depending on their fine specificity, they can "protect" well defined regions of the antigen. Because of steric hindrance between bound antibody and proteolytic enzyme, the protected region is larger than the minimal epitope recognized by the antibody binding site. The principle of limited proteolysis proves a valuable tool for the analysis of antigenic fragments and for epitope mapping. Since proteolysis of antigen also occurs in antigen presenting cells, degradation of antigen complexed with a monoclonal antibody (either taken up as an immunocomplex by Fc receptors, or taken up in complexed form with a surface immunoglobulin of a specific B cell) likely modulates the processing pattern of the antigen. This results in a different spectrum of peptides displayed by the antigen presenting cell and thus in different interactions with the antigen specific T cell repertoire. Modulation of T cell response and B cell response by using antigen complexed with different monoclonals is proposed as possible means of interfering with the fine specificity of the response.
Sensitivity of Periodontal Pathogens to the Bactericidal Activity of Synthetic Protegrins, Antibiotic Peptides Derived from Porcine Leukocytes (1997)

Protegrins, small peptides (1900 to 2160 daltons) isolated from porcine leukocytes, are bactericidal against a broad range of medical pathogens in vitro under conditions which reflect the extracellular milieu. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Gram-negative, facultative periodontal pathogens were sensitive to the protegrins. Synthetic L- and D-enantiomers of protegrin 1 (PG-1 and D-PG-1, respectively), and L-enantiomers of protegrins 2, 3, and 5 (PG-2, PG-3, and PG-5) were tested against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (three strains) and Capnocytophaga spp. (three strains). Strains of both A. actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga spp. were sensitive to PG-1, and exhibited ED99 (dose at which 99% killing was observed after 1 hr at 37 degrees C) of 0.5 to 3 microg/mL and 4 to 19 microg/mL, respectively. The D-form and the L-form were equally effective. Serum (above 5% v/v) inhibited the bactericidal effects of 10 microg/mL PG-1, but the inhibitory effect was overcome by concentrations of PG-1 at 100 microg/mL. Different patterns of sensitivity were observed when the effects of PG-1, D-PG-1, PG-2, PG-3, and PG-5 were compared against A. actinomycetemcomitans and the Capnocytophaga. We conclude that protegrins may be useful antimicrobial agents in therapy against periodontal infections.
Repellency of essential oils and their components to the human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus (1996)

Abstract Five essential oils and nine of their components were compared to diethyl toluamide (DEET) for their repellent activity against the human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus. The absolute or intrinsic repellency of the compounds was tested by applying the repellent to corduroy patches and comparing them with untreated patches. It was found that the most effective repellents were DEET and citronella, whose activity lasted at least 29 days. The activity of rosemary lasted at least 18 days and that of eucalyptus more than 8 days. The repellent activity of the oil components such as citronellal and geraniol lasted more than 15 and 8 days, respectively. DEET remained effective at a dilution of 1:32, geraniol at 1:8, citronella at 1:4 and rosemary and citronellal at 1:1. The comparative or standard repellency of the candidate repellents was examined with the aid of a new screening technique using hairs treated with ammonium bicarbonate which is attractive to lice. Using this technique it could be shown that the repellent activity of citronella and geraniol lasted 2 days and that of rosemary and citronellal for only one day. DEET was active for less than one day. Serial dilutions of these substances also revealed that citronella was the most potent repellent for lice, followed by citronellal, rosemary, geraniol and DEET. The differences however, were not significant.
Characterization of thymus-derived lymphocytes expressing Ti alpha-beta CD3 gamma delta epsilon zeta-zeta, Ti alpha-beta CD3 gamma delta epsilon eta-eta or Ti alpha-beta CD3 gamma delta epsilon zeta-zeta/zeta-eta antigen receptor isoforms: analysis by gene transfection. (1990)

To characterize the function of the CD3 eta subunit of the T cell receptor (TCR), we have used cDNAs encoding CD3 zeta, CD3 eta, or both to reconstitute a variant of a cytochrome c-specific, I-Ek-restricted murine T cell hybridoma, termed MA5.8, which lacks CD3 zeta and CD3 eta proteins. We provide direct evidence that assembly and surface expression of TCRs can be mediated by either of these subunits separately or together. However, the level of TCR expression on zeta transfectants is up to one order of magnitude greater than that on eta transfectants, implying that CD3 eta is weakly associated with the pentameric Ti alpha-beta CD3 gamma delta epsilon complex and/or inefficient at salvaging the incomplete TCR from lysosomal degradation. As a component of the TCR, the CD3 eta subunit preferentially forms a heterodimer with CD3 zeta, but is also able to form a CD3 eta-eta homodimer. Crosslinking of Ti alpha-beta CD3 gamma delta epsilon zeta-zeta, Ti alpha-beta CD3 gamma delta epsilon eta-eta, or Ti alpha-beta CD3 gamma delta epsilon zeta-zeta/zeta-eta TCR isotypes with anti-CD3 epsilon monoclonal antibody or a cytochrome c peptide epitope on I-Ek antigen-presenting cells mediates signal transduction resulting in reversible cell-cycle arrest of transfected clones. Given the potential for diversity of signals generated by these functional TCR isotypes and the expression of the CD3 eta gene product in the thymus, CD3 eta is likely to play a role in selection and/or activation of thymocytes during development.
Food Safety Behavior of Low-Income Parents and Guardians of Infants in the U.S. (2002)

The U.S. Government have concerned about food safety over the last two decades. The concept of the continuum, farm to table was created to explore ways to prevent foodbome illneses in all stages of food systems. On the continuum, consumers were recognized as the last line of defense to prevent foodborne illnesses, and much efforts were made to educate them safe food handling. This research was conducted to investigate infant formula handling and hand-washing bdhavior of low-income families, especially parents and guardians of infants. The subject was selected from particioants of the Special Supplemenral Nutrition Program for Women, Infant, and Children(WIC), a fedral program for low-income families in the U.S. Stratified 200 local WIC offices were randomly selected based on the nunber of WIC participants in each state, and 20 randomly selected WIC participants from each selected office were asked to complete questionnaires. SPSS for Windows was used for statistical annlysis including frequency, cross-tabulation, and chi-square analysis. A total of 87 WIC offices returned completed question-naires(N=1.598), and participated in WIC>1 yesr. Most respondents(80.9%) learned about food safety from WIC, and only limited number of respondents(10.2%) used the Internet for food safety information. Most respondents stored prepared formula safely(94.6%) and discarded formula left in the bottle after feeding(84.5%), but fewer used brushes to wash formula bottles(71.3%) and boiled water(15.2%). Chi-square analysis showed respondents in different race/ethnicity had different food handling behaviors. Respondents showed generally good hand-washing behaviors as 94.2% always washing hands after using restroom, 93.2% after touching meat items, and 87.1% vefore preparing foods. fewer respondents, however, washed hands after changing baby diapers(77.0%) and touching pets(67.2%). Researchers concluded that WIC education on food safety was effective, as limited food safety education covered during WIC education were followed well(e.g., storing prepared formula and discarding leftover). However, results also indicated that there were many behaviors needed to be reinforced especially to overcome family tradition and culture on food handling behaviors. The WIC may serve as good food safety resources and education agents utilizing mandatory education sessions because the vast amount of food safety information on the Internet was not readily accessible for this low-income population. ( J Community Nutrition 4(2) : 71~77, 2002)
The effect of stimulus current pulse width on nerve fiber size recruitment patterns (1999)

There have been theoretical studies presented that postulate a change in the stimulus current amplitude required to recruit nerve fibers with different stimulus current pulse widths. Based on these theoretical predictions, it has been suggested that the stimulus pulse width parameter may be used to selectively recruit fibers of different sizes and that this selectivity should increase with increasing distance from the stimulus electrode. In this paper, a simulation study of the recruitment patterns of a population of motor nerve fibers with a histologically accurate fiber diameter distribution is presented. Nerve fiber excitation simulations coupled with a time varying field simulation suggest that, for surface stimulation, there is only a marginal selectivity achievable in the average nerve fiber diameter that is recruited across the range of commonly used stimulus pulse widths but this selectivity also increases with increased electrode distance. Experimental evidence consisting of estimates of nerve fiber diameter based on motor unit latency studies is also presented that is consistent with the predictions made by the electromagnetic field and nerve fiber excitation simulations.