gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osmoregulation of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase in cultivated interstitial cells of rat renal inner medulla (2003)

The results suggest that sorbitol metabolism contributes to handling of osmotic stress in rat renal papillary interstitial cells.
Preparations and Characterizations of Luminescent Two Dimensional Organic-inorganic Perovskite Semiconductors (2010)

This article reviews the synthesis, structural and optical characterizations of some novel luminescent two dimensional organic-inorganic perovskite (2DOIP) semiconductors. These 2DOIP semiconductors show a self-assembled nano-layered structure, having the electronic structure of multi-quantum wells. 2DOIP thin layers and nanoparticles have been prepared through different methods. The structures of the 2DOIP semiconductors are characterized by atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The optical properties of theb DOIP semiconductors are characterized from absorption and photoluminescence spectra measured at room and low temperatures. Influences of different components, in particular the organic parts, on the structural and optical properties of the 2DOIP semiconductors are discussed.
Retardation of the development of hypertension in DOCA-salt rats by renal denervation. (1984)

To determine the importance of the renal nerves in DOCA-salt hypertension, either renal denervation or a sham-operation was carried out on both DOCA-salt-treated and non-DOCA-treated rats. The systolic blood pressure of the non-DOCA rats remained within normotensive levels, in which the difference in blood pressure levels between the renal denervated and the sham-operated groups was not significant. On the other hand, the blood pressure of the rats treated with DOCA, and having intact renal nerves, began to rise by the end of the first week and rose consistently thereafter, whereas, in the renal denervated DOCA-salt rats, the blood pressure started to rise by the second week and then proceeded to increase gradually. The differences between the sham and the denervated rat groups were significant throughout the four weeks. The mean arterial pressure, directly measured from the caudal artery of conscious rats during the fourth week of this study, was 166 +/- 7 mmHg in the sham-operated and 129 +/- 4 mmHg in the renal-denervated rats (the data having an 1% significant difference). To test the effects of renal denervation on the natriuresis, pentobarbital-anesthetized rats were infused intravenously with physiological saline. The renal denervated rats which had received DOCA excreted more sodium than did the sham-operated rats. When the rats were later anesthetized with urethane to allow intracisternal injections of hypertonic saline, the mean blood pressure in renal denervated rat groups was again lower than that of the sham-denervated rat groups. However, subsequent intracisternal injections of 5% saline produced similar pressor responses as well as tachycardia in both DOCA groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Measuring elemental time and duty cycle using automated video processing (2016)

A marker-less 2D video algorithm measured hand kinematics (location, velocity and acceleration) in a paced repetitive laboratory task for varying hand activity levels (HAL). The decision tree (DT) algorithm identified the trajectory of the hand using spatiotemporal relationships during the exertion and rest states. The feature vector training (FVT) method utilised the k-nearest neighbourhood classifier, trained using a set of samples or the first cycle. The average duty cycle (DC) error using the DT algorithm was 2.7%. The FVT algorithm had an average 3.3% error when trained using the first cycle sample of each repetitive task, and had a 2.8% average error when trained using several representative repetitive cycles. Error for HAL was 0.1 for both algorithms, which was considered negligible. Elemental time, stratified by task and subject, were not statistically different from ground truth (p < 0.05). Both algorithms performed well for automatically measuring elapsed time, DC and HAL. Practitioner Summary: A completely automated approach for measuring elapsed time and DC was developed using marker-less video tracking and the tracked kinematic record. Such an approach is automatic, repeatable, objective and unobtrusive, and is suitable for evaluating repetitive exertions, muscle fatigue and manual tasks.
부정적 정서 조절 방략에 관한 연구 :정서 종류와 개인 변인에 따른 정서조절 양식의 차이 (2000)

본 연구는 부정적 정서를 조절하는 방략들이 몇 가지 양식으로 구분되며, 정서의 종류에 따라 조절 양식의 사용과 효과성이 차이를 갖는지를 확인하였다. 연구 1에서는 다양한 정서조절 방략들이 능동적 조절 양식, 회피/분산적 조절양식, 지지 추구적 조절 양식의 세 가지 양식으로 구분될 것이라는 연구자들의 제안이 지지되었다. 이 세 양식은 자존감, 부정적 정서조절에 대한 기대, 내 -외향성, 신경증, 낙관성, 정서적 지지, 정서 표현성 등의 성격 특성들과 상이한 관련을 보였다. 연구 2에서는 분노, 슬픔, 불안, 부끄러움의 네 가지 정서를 대상으로, 정서를 조절하기 위해 세 가지 조절 양식을 사용하는 정도와 세 조절 양식이 정서를 효과적으로 조절하는 정도가 각 정서마다 차이를 보이는지를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 각 정서마다 사용되는 조절 양식이 상이하다는 결과들을 얻었으며, 자주 사용되는 조절양식과 효과적인 조절 양식이 일치하지 않는 것을 발견하였다.
Cooperation and communication in multiagent deep reinforcement learning (2017)

Reinforcement learning is the area of machine learning concerned with learning which actions to execute in an unknown environment in order to maximize cumulative reward. As agents begin to perform tasks of genuine interest to humans, they will be faced with environments too complex for humans to predetermine the correct actions using hand-designed solutions. Instead, capable learning agents will be necessary to tackle complex real-world domains. However, traditional reinforcement learning algorithms have difficulty with domains featuring 1) high-dimensional continuous state spaces, for example pixels from a camera image, 2) high-dimensional parameterized-continuous action spaces, 3) partial observability, and 4) multiple independent learning agents. We hypothesize that deep neural networks hold the key to scaling reinforcement learning towards complex tasks. This thesis seeks to answer the following two-part question: 1) How can the power of Deep Neural Networks be leveraged to extend Reinforcement Learning to complex environments featuring partial observability, high-dimensional parameterized-continuous state and action spaces, and sparse rewards? 2) How can multiple Deep Reinforcement Learning agents learn to cooperate in a multiagent setting? To address the first part of this question, this thesis explores the idea of using recurrent neural networks to combat partial observability experienced by agents in the domain of Atari 2600 video games. Next, we design a deep reinforcement learning agent capable of discovering effective policies for the parameterized-continuous action space found in the Half Field Offense simulated soccer domain. To address the second part of this question, this thesis investigates architectures and algorithms suited for cooperative multiagent learning. We demonstrate that sharing parameters and memories between deep reinforcement learning agents fosters policy similarity, which can result in cooperative behavior. Additionally, we hypothesize that communication can further aid cooperation, and we present the Grounded Semantic Network (GSN), which learns a communication protocol grounded in the observation space and reward function of the task. In general, we find that the GSN is effective on domains featuring partial observability and asymmetric information. All in all, this thesis demonstrates that reinforcement learning combined with deep neural network function approximation can produce algorithms capable of discovering effective policies for domains with partial observability, parameterized-continuous actions spaces, and sparse rewards. Additionally, we demonstrate that single agent deep reinforcement learning algorithms can be naturally extended towards cooperative multiagent tasks featuring learned communication. These results represent a non-trivial step towards extending agent-based AI towards complex environments.
T lymphocyte induction of non‐T cell‐mediated nonspecific cytotoxicity. Introduction mechanisms (1977)

Mononuclear cells (MNC) from normal humans consistently failed to give nonspecific cytotoxic responses. However, after removal of T cells by sheep erythrocyte (E) rosetting, the remaining non-RFC (rosette-forming cells) now gave significant nonspecific cytotoxic responses against both autologous and allogeneic target cells. Reconstitution experiments with T cell subpopulations failed to suppress these nonspecific non-E-RFC-mediated cytotoxic responses. There was also no evidence to indicate the involvement of antibody in this nonspecific cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic cells were characterized as non-E-rosetting, non-phagocytic, and glass adherent lymphocytes; no evidence of monocyte-macrophage participation was found. The inductive trigger of non-E-RFC-mediated cytotoxicity was found to be soluble factors released by T cells during E-rosette formation at 4 degrees C. Incubation of MNC with horse, marmoset and human erythrocytes under identical conditions failed to trigger cytotoxicity. The incubation of quiescent MNC with E-rosetting supernatants (ERS) induced nonspecific cytotoxic responses equivalent to those mediated by separated non-E-RFC. ERS-activated MNC destroyed both autologous and allogeneic target cells. The ERS supernatants themselves were not cytolytic. These findings suggested that cell separation procedures, and possibly in vivo events, which activate T cells may also induce non-T cell-mediated nonspecific cytotoxicity.
Improvement in the OTF of a Defocused Optical System Through the Use of Shaded Apertures (1971)

To improve the imaging properties of a defocused optical system, the use of shaded apertures is studied theoretically and experimentally. The study is based on the optical transfer function (OTF). The two shaded apertures studied are the type in which the amplitude transmittance decreases gradually from the center of the pupil toward its rim, T(A), and the type in which the amplitude transmittance decreases from its rim toward the center, T(B). For comparison, the effects achieved with a clear aperture, T(C), are included. The results of the calculations show that near focus the OTF for T(A) has higher values in the low frequency region than has either T(B) or T(c). When the system is defocused, the shaded aperture of the type T(A) yields an improved defocused image that is faithful to the outline of the object. The quality of the defocused image obtained with T(B) is worsened. When the OTF is used as a means for judging the quality of the defocused image, the two necessary conditions on the functions appear to be that the OTF (1) must be a monotonically decreasing function and (2) must be nonnegative. These conditions are confirmed by experiment. Since the transmittance variation of the shaded apertures is achieved by absorption, the effects due to the resultant decreases in light level are also considered.
STRUCTURE OF THE PERIPLASMIC GLUCOSE/GALACTOSE RECEPTOR OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM (1990)

The X-ray structure of the periplasmic glucose/galactose receptor (binding protein) of Salmonella typhimurium has been solved by the method of multiple isomorphous replacement and refined to a resolution of 2.4 A with an R-factor of 15.8%. The protein consists of two highly-similar structural domains with a bound sugar molecule trapped between. A combined sequence/structural approach is used to compare the structure of this protein to a similar arabinose receptor. The new sequence alignment obtained is used to analyze a number of features conserved for structural and functional reasons. This information allowed the prediction of similar features within the sequence of the analogous ribose receptor. Some of the consequences of the structures for chemotaxis and transport are discussed.
A Simplex Method for Function Minimization (1965)

A method is described for the minimization of a function of n variables, which depends on the comparison of function values at the (n + 1) vertices of a general simplex, followed by the replacement of the vertex with the highest value by another point. The simplex adapts itself to the local landscape, and contracts on to the final minimum. The method is shown to be effective and computationally compact. A procedure is given for the estimation of the Hessian matrix in the neighbourhood of the minimum, needed in statistical estimation problems.
(CA)n-dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the locus for the alpha2C adrenergic receptor (ADRA2C) on 4p16 (1992)

Journal Article (CA)n-dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the locus for the alpha2C adrenergic receptor (ADRA2C) on 4p16 Get access Olaf Riess, Olaf Riess Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia416–2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernhard Weber, Bernhard Weber Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia416–2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael R. Hayden Michael R. Hayden * Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia416–2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 1, Issue 6, September 1992, Page 452, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/1.6.452 Published: 01 September 1992
Immunohistochemical characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1990)

In order to test the hypothesis that the immune system plays a role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the cellular composition of the spinal cord inflammatory infiltrate was analysed in eight cases of sporadic ALS by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The majority of the many diffusely scattered lymphocytes seen in the anterior and lateral corticospinal tracts and anterior horns belonged to the suppressor/cytotoxicity T-cell subset and were admixed with variable numbers of macrophages. Helper-inducer T-cells were rare and B-cells were conspicuously absent. Compared to controls, ALS specimens exhibited an increase in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products or human leucocyte antigens (HLA) in the corticospinal tracts and anterior horns. HLA-ABC antigens were expressed in the honeycomb pattern of the glial matrix of the spinal cord, and HLA-DR antigens were strongly expressed by large dendritic cells. In addition, macrophages and endothelial cells were labelled by HLA-DR. These findings suggest that an autoimmune process or infectious agent may play a role in ALS.
Polymer‐Fullerene Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells (2009)

Abstract Solution‐processed bulk‐heterojunction solar cells have gained serious attention during the last few years and are becoming established as one of the future photovoltaic technologies for low‐cost power production. This article reviews the highlights of the last few years, and summarizes today's state‐of‐the‐art performance. An outlook is given on relevant future materials and technologies that have the potential to guide this young photovoltaic technology towards the magic 10% regime. A cost model supplements the technical discussions, with practical aspects any photovoltaic technology needs to fulfil, and answers to the question as to whether low module costs can compensate lower lifetimes and performances.
HIV Tat, its TARgets and the control of viral gene expression (2003)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) (transactivator of transcription (Tat)) protein is a pleiotropic factor that induces a broad range of biological effects in numerous cell types. At the HIV promoter, Tat is a powerful transactivator of gene expression, which acts by both inducing chromatin remodeling and by recruiting elongation-competent transcriptional complexes onto the viral LTR. Besides these transcriptional activities, Tat is released outside the cells and interacts with different cell membrane-associated receptors. Finally, extracellular Tat can be internalized by cells through an active endocytosis process. Here we discuss some of the molecular mechanisms involved in intracellular and extracellular Tat function.
A reference shape library for computer aided socket design in above-knee prostheses (1989)

A Reference Library of socket shapes for an Above-Knee Computer Aided Socket Design (CASD) System has been created. This library forms part of a more general CASD System (Dean & Saunders, 1985; Novicov & Foort, 1982). It consists of a matrix of reference shapes representing above-knee socket characteristics and is based upon skeletal structure, residuum length and tissue mass. A set of 27 biomechanical reference shapes in the form of male plaster casts were produced by a combination of CNC milling and traditional artisan techniques. Each reference shape was digitized to obtain its cylindrical coordinates. Cross-sectional areas and tissue distributions within each shape and between the shapes were analyzed, modified and then stored numerically within the computer for further implementation of the CASD System for the above-knee amputees. The creation and the analysis of the reference shape data is described.
Exploitation of the Adsorptive Properties of Depth Filters for Host Cell Protein Removal during Monoclonal Antibody Purification (2006)

Depth filtration has been widely used during process scale clarification of cell culture supernatants for the removal of cells and cell debris. However, in addition to their filtration capabilities, depth filters also possess the ability to adsorb soluble species. This aspect of depth filtration has largely not been exploited in process scale separations and is usually ignored during cell culture harvest development. Here, we report on the ability of depth filters to adsorptively remove host cell protein contaminants from a recombinant monoclonal antibody process stream and characterize some of the underlying interactions behind the binding phenomenon. Following centrifugation, filtration through a depth filter prior to Protein A chromatographic capture was shown to significantly reduce the level of turbidity observed in the Protein A column eluate of the monoclonal antibody. The Protein A eluate turbidity was shown to be linked to host cell protein contaminant levels in the Protein A column load and not to the DNA content. Analogous to flowthrough chromatography in which residence time/bed height and column loading are key parameters, both the number of passes through the depth filter and the amount of centrifuge centrate loaded on the filter were seen to be important operational parameters governing the adsorptive removal of host cell protein contaminants. Adsorption of proteins to the depth filter was shown to be due to a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic adsorptive interactions. These results demonstrate the ability to employ depth filtration as an integrative unit operation combining filtration for particulate removal with adsorptive binding for contaminant removal.
Decision support in the data warehouse (1998)

From the Publisher:
Decision Support in the Data Warehouse demystifies data warehousing's technical jargon and provides a complete framework for building, maintaining, and using a data warehouse for decision support. This is the first book that integrates building and operating a data warehouse; developing decision support applications using the warehouse; and using the right warehouse tools. The book clearly describes the business and technical issues important to data warehousing success. They are brought to life with up-to-the-minute case studies drawn from today's leading organizations. Learn how to have a strategic business impact with your warehouse.
Dynamics of neutral lipid storage in yeast. (2004)

Since energy storage is a basic metabolic process, the synthesis of neutral lipids occurs in all kingdoms of life. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, widely accepted as a model eukaryotic cell, contains two classes of neutral lipids, namely steryl esters and triacylglycerols. Triacylglycerols are synthesized through two pathways governed by the acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase Dga1p and the phospholipid diacylglycerol acyltransferase Lro1p, respectively. Steryl esters are formed by the two steryl ester synthases Are1p and Are2p, two enzymes with overlapping function which also catalyze triacylglycerol formation, although to a minor extent. Storage of neutral lipids is tightly linked to the biogenesis of so called lipid particles. The role of this compartment in lipid homeostasis and its interplay with other organelles involved in neutral lipid dynamics, especially the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane, are subject of current investigations. In contrast to neutral lipid formation, mobilization of triacylglycerols and steryl esters in yeast are less characterized at the molecular level. Only recently, the triacylglycerol lipase Tgl3p was identified as the first yeast enzyme of this kind by function. Genes and gene products governing steryl ester mobilization still await identification. Besides biochemical properties of enzymes involved in yeast neutral lipid synthesis and degradation, regulatory aspects of these pathways and cell biological consequences of neutral lipid depletion will be discussed in this minireview.
Synthesis of a 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoyl Ester Analogue of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG):  A Potential Route to the Natural Product Green Tea Catechin, EGCG (2001)

The synthesis of a trimethoxybenzoyl ester (D-ring) analogue of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is described. The versatile synthesis route can be used to synthesize A, B, and D ring analogues of EGCG and involves a key cyclization of the chalcone to the 3-flavene. This synthesis provides a possible route to the polyphenolic green tea natural product EGCG.
Asymmetric synthesis of propargylic alcohols via aldol reaction of aldehydes with ynals promoted by prolinol ether–transition metal–Brønsted acid cooperative catalysis (2013)

A catalytic and highly stereoselective entry to propargylic alcohols and products derived thereof is reported based on an unprecedented cross-aldol coupling between unmodified aldehydes and ynals. The method requires an amine–metal salt–Brønsted acid ternary catalyst system and implies synergistic activation of the donor aldehyde via enamine and of the acceptor carbonyl via unique and reversible metal–alkyne complexation. Specifically, by using a combined α,α-dialkylprolinol silyl ether–CuI–PhCO2H catalyst system, remarkably high levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivity (anti/syn up to >20 : 1, ee up to >99%) are achieved.
In vitro modeling of respiratory syncytial virus infection of pediatric bronchial epithelium, the primary target of infection in vivo (2012)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major viral cause of severe pulmonary disease in young infants worldwide. However, the mechanisms by which RSV causes disease in humans remain poorly understood. To help bridge this gap, we developed an ex vivo/in vitro model of RSV infection based on well-differentiated primary pediatric bronchial epithelial cells (WD-PBECs), the primary targets of RSV infection in vivo. Our RSV/WD-PBEC model demonstrated remarkable similarities to hallmarks of RSV infection in infant lungs. These hallmarks included restriction of infection to noncontiguous or small clumps of apical ciliated and occasional nonciliated epithelial cells, apoptosis and sloughing of apical epithelial cells, occasional syncytium formation, goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, and mucus hypersecretion. RSV was shed exclusively from the apical surface at titers consistent with those in airway aspirates from hospitalized infants. Furthermore, secretion of proinflammatory chemokines such as CXCL10, CCL5, IL-6, and CXCL8 reflected those chemokines present in airway aspirates. Interestingly, a recent RSV clinical isolate induced more cytopathogenesis than the prototypic A2 strain. Our findings indicate that this RSV/WD-PBEC model provides an authentic surrogate for RSV infection of airway epithelium in vivo. As such, this model may provide insights into RSV pathogenesis in humans that ultimately lead to successful RSV vaccines or therapeutics.