gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Presynaptic calcium signals and transmitter release are modulated by calcium-activated potassium channels (1992)

The regulation of synaptic transmission by Ca(2+)-activated potassium (gKca) channels was investigated at the frog neuromuscular junction (nmj). Charybdotoxin (CTX), a blocker of certain types of gKca channels, induced a twofold increase of transmitter release. Similar results were obtained with purified natural toxin, synthetic toxin, and recombinant toxin. Apamin, a blocker of a different type of gKca channel, did not alter transmitter release. CTX was ineffective after intraterminal Ca2+ buffering was increased by application of the membrane-permeant Ca2+ buffer dimethyl-BAPTA-AM. By itself, the permeant buffer first caused a slight increase in transmitter release before release was eventually decreased. This increase of release did not occur when the buffer was applied in the presence of CTX or Ba2+, another gKca channel blocker. Stimulus-evoked entry of Ca2+ in nerve terminals, detected with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator FLUO-3, was increased after blockade of gKca channels by CTX. CTX had no effect on the amount or the time course of synaptic depression. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that CTX-sensitive gKca channels normally narrow the presynaptic action potential and thus, by indirectly regulating Ca2+ entry, can serve as powerful modulators of evoked transmitter release. In order to affect presynaptic action potentials, the gKca channels must be located close to Ca2+ channels.
ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (2014)

The ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge is a benchmark in object category classification and detection on hundreds of object categories and millions of images. The challenge has been run annually from 2010 to present, attracting participation from more than fifty institutions. This paper describes the creation of this benchmark dataset and the advances in object recognition that have been possible as a result. We discuss the challenges of collecting large-scale ground truth annotation, highlight key breakthroughs in categorical object recognition, provide a detailed analysis of the current state of the field of large-scale image classification and object detection, and compare the state-of-the-art computer vision accuracy with human accuracy. We conclude with lessons learned in the five years of the challenge, and propose future directions and improvements.
HLA DR-DQ Haplotypes and Genotypes and Type 1 Diabetes Risk (2008)

Specific combinations of alleles at the DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 loci determine the extent of haplotypic risk. The comparison of closely related DR-DQ haplotype pairs with different type 1 diabetes risks allowed identification of specific amino acid positions critical in determining disease susceptibility. These data also indicate that the risk associated with specific HLA haplotypes can be influenced by the genotype context and that the trans-complementing heterodimer encoded by DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0302 confers very high risk.
Moving vistas: Exploiting motion for describing scenes (2010)

Scene recognition in an unconstrained setting is an open and challenging problem with wide applications. In this paper, we study the role of scene dynamics for improved representation of scenes. We subsequently propose dynamic attributes which can be augmented with spatial attributes of a scene for semantically meaningful categorization of dynamic scenes. We further explore accurate and generalizable computational models for characterizing the dynamics of unconstrained scenes. The large intra-class variation due to unconstrained settings and the complex underlying physics present challenging problems in modeling scene dynamics. Motivated by these factors, we propose using the theory of chaotic systems to capture dynamics. Due to the lack of a suitable dataset, we compiled a dataset of `in-the-wild' dynamic scenes. Experimental results show that the proposed framework leads to the best classification rate among other well-known dynamic modeling techniques. We also show how these dynamic features provide a means to describe dynamic scenes with motion-attributes, which then leads to meaningful organization of the video data.
Photosensitive pigments formed with rat opsin. (1976)

Photosensitive pigments are formed in vitro from rat opsin with the rods in suspension or as digitonin solutions. Rhodopsin, isorhodopsin I, and isorhodopsin II were generated with 11-cis, 9-cis and 9, 13-dicis retinal, respectively. An isorhodopsin I analogue was formed on combination with 9-cis 13-desmethyl-14-methylretinal. The absorption spectra and photosensitivities of these pigments were found to be similar to the corresponding bovine pigments although the rates of formation are several fold slower.
A 1.74.12 mm3 Fully Integrated pH Sensor for Implantable Applications using Differential Sensing and Drift-Compensation (2019)

This paper presents a $1.7 \times 4.1 \times 2$ mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> pH sensor that is a fully integrated, stand-alone and implantable system. Instead of a bulky cm size Ag/AgCl electrode, we use a mm-size integrated platinum electrode, and differential sensing using ISFET and REFET pair to compensate for unstable fluid potential. We also propose a drift compensation technique in which the leakage from the source and drain through the gate oxide is canceled, reducing drift $> 100 \times $.
Real time quantitative PCR. (1996)

We have developed a novel "real time" quantitative PCR method. The method measures PCR product accumulation through a dual-labeled fluorogenic probe (i.e., TaqMan Probe). This method provides very accurate and reproducible quantitation of gene copies. Unlike other quantitative PCR methods, real-time PCR does not require post-PCR sample handling, preventing potential PCR product carry-over contamination and resulting in much faster and higher throughput assays. The real-time PCR method has a very large dynamic range of starting target molecule determination (at least five orders of magnitude). Real-time quantitative PCR is extremely accurate and less labor-intensive than current quantitative PCR methods.
<title>Computing a perfect input assignment for probabilistic verification</title> (2005)

Design verification is the task of establishing that a given design meets the intended behavior. The growing complexity of verification instances requires new methods that can provide high quality verification coverage for large, complex designs. Probabilistic verification complements existing simulation-based and formal verification techniques by providing a distinct trade-off between coverage and capacity. Probabilistic approach maps two Boolean functions onto hash values and compare these values for equivalence. The major drawback of probabilistic verification is the non-zero probability of collision of hash values of two non-equivalent functions, producing "false positive" verification results. In this paper, we prove the existence of a perfect input assignment which never causes collisions. We show that the equivalence of hash values computed for a perfect input assignment implies the equivalence of functions with 100% probability.
Defective Acidification in Human Breast Tumor Cells and Implications for Chemotherapy (1998)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant problem in the treatment of cancer. Chemotherapeutic drugs distribute through the cyto- and nucleoplasm of drug-sensitive cells but are excluded from the nucleus in drug-resistant cells, concentrating in cytoplasmic organelles. Weak base chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., anthracyclines and vinca alkaloids) should concentrate in acidic organelles. This report presents a quantification of the pH for identified compartments of the MCF-7 human breast tumor cell line and demonstrates that (a) the chemotherapeutic Adriamycin concentrates in acidified organelles of drug-resistant but not drug-sensitive cells; (b) the lysosomes and recycling endosomes are not acidified in drug-sensitive cells; (c) the cytosol of drug-sensitive cells is 0.4 pH units more acidic than the cytosol of resistant cells; and (d) disrupting the acidification of the organelles of resistant cells with monensin, bafilomycin A1, or concanamycin A is sufficient to change the Adriamycin distribution to that found in drug-sensitive cells, rendering the cell vulnerable once again to chemotherapy. These results suggest that acidification of organelles is causally related to drug resistance and is consistent with the hypothesis that sequestration of drugs in acidic organelles and subsequent extrusion from the cell through the secretory pathways contribute to chemotherapeutic resistance.
Aging of proteins: isolation and identification of a fluorescent chromophore from the reaction of polypeptides with glucose. (1984)

Proteins exposed to glucose over long periods are known to undergo physicochemical changes including crosslinking and formation of brown fluorescent pigments of poorly characterized structure. Acid hydrolysis of both browned poly(L-lysine) and browned bovine serum albumin is found to release a major fluorescent chromophore, which after alkalinization is extractable into organic solvents and which can be purified by silica gel chromatography. The fluorescence properties of this compound very closely resemble those of the bulk browned polypeptides. By NMR, mass spectroscopy, and chemical derivatization, this compound is assigned the structure 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H-imidazole (FFI). Confirmation was obtained by independent chemical synthesis from furylglyoxal and ammonia. The incorporation of two peptide-derived amine nitrogens and two glucose residues in FFI strongly suggests that peptide-bound FFI precursors are implicated in the crosslinking of proteins by glucose in vivo. This reaction has potential implications in the understanding of glucose-mediated protein modifications and their role in the complications of diabetes and aging.
Communicating and Mobile Systems: the Pi-Calculus (1999)

Glossary Part I. Communicating Systems: 1. Introduction 2. Behaviour of automata 3. Sequential processes and bisimulation 4. Concurrent processes and reaction 5. Transitions and strong equivalence 6. Observation equivalence: theory 7. Observation equivalence: examples Part II. The pi-Calculus: 8. What is mobility? 9. The pi-calculus and reaction 10. Applications of the pi-calculus 11. Sorts, objects and functions 12. Commitments and strong bisimulation 13. Observation equivalence and examples 14. Discussion and related work Bibliography Index.
L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (2005)

This case reaffirms that l-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria is a spongiform type of leukoencephalopathy with cystic cavitations predominating in the subcortical areas. Although the neuroimaging findings are highly characteristic of the disease, in this patient cerebellar abnormalities were minimal and dentate signal abnormalities were not present.
Molecular detection and characterization of circulating tumor cells and micrometastases in prostatic, urothelial, and renal cell carcinomas (2001)

The detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and micrometastases in urinary tract and prostatic tumors may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications. In the last decade, numerous groups have attempted the detection of occult tumor cells in renal, prostatic, and urothelial carcinomas using the highly sensitive reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In prostatic carcinoma (PC), tissue-specific transcripts were detected with high specificity in the blood of patients with localized and advanced disease. PCR assays for PC detection were shown to be strong predictors of poorer outcome in some reports, while a lack of prognostic significance was found in other studies. There was a vast difference in the PCR positivity rates between various groups studying PC. This discrepancy could be due to variations in PCR methodology. In urothelial and renal cell carcinoma, the amount of research on the subject is still too limited. Currently, these assays for occult tumor cells are promising but are not yet ready to use in PC and urinary tract tumors. Because of the many limitations of PCR (e.g., false positives), many groups are developing new approaches for the detection of occult tumor cells. The most attractive technique involves immunomagnetic isolation of intact CTC and micrometastases prior to downstream analysis. The tumor-rich magnetic fraction can be subjected to RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and in situ hybridization. This will lead to better quantification and molecular characterization of these tumor cells.
Internalin must be on the bacterial surface to mediate entry of Listeria monocytogenes into epithelial cells (1996)

Entry of Listeria monocytogenes into cultured epithelial cells requires production of internalin, a protein with features characteristic of some Gram-positive bacterial surface proteins, in particular an LPXTG motif preceding a hydrophobic sequence and a few basic residues at its C-terminal end. By immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling, we show that in wild-type L. monocytogenes, internalin is present on the cell surface and has a polarized distribution similar to that of ActA, another surface protein of L. monocytogenes involved in actin assembly. Through a genetic analysis, we establish that the C-terminal region of internalin is necessary for cell-surface association, and that although internalin is partially released in the culture medium, its location on the bacterial surface is required to promote entry. Finally, using a 'domain-swapping' strategy-replacement of the cell wall anchor of IniA by the membrane anchor of ActA- we show that the reduced ability to adhere and enter cells of strains expressing IniA-ActA correlates with a lower amount of surface-exposed internalin. Taken together, these results suggest that internalin exposed on the bacterial surface mediates direct contact between the bacterium and the host cell.
Membrane Phospholipid Asymmetry in Human Thalassemia (1998)

Phospholipid asymmetry in the red blood cell (RBC) lipid bilayer is well maintained during the life of the cell, with phosphatidylserine (PS) virtually exclusively located in the inner monolayer. Loss of phospholipid asymmetry, and consequently exposure of PS, is thought to play an important role in red cell pathology. The anemia in the human thalassemias is caused by a combination of ineffective erythropoiesis (intramedullary hemolysis) and a decreased survival of adult RBCs in the peripheral blood. This premature destruction of the thalassemic RBC could in part be due to a loss of phospholipid asymmetry, because cells that expose PS are recognized and removed by macrophages. In addition, PS exposure can play a role in the hypercoagulable state reported to exist in severe beta-thalassemia intermedia. We describe PS exposure in RBCs of 56 comparably anemic patients with different genetic backgrounds of the alpha- or beta-thalassemia phenotype. The use of fluorescently labeled annexin V allowed us to determine loss of phospholipid asymmetry in individual cells. Our data indicate that in a number of thalassemic patients, subpopulations of red cells circulate that expose PS on their outer surface. The number of such cells can vary dramatically from patient to patient, from as low as that found in normal controls (less than 0.2%) up to 20%. Analysis by fluorescent microscopy of beta-thalassemic RBCs indicates that PS on the outer leaflet is distributed either over the entire membrane or localized in areas possibly related to regions rich in membrane-bound alpha-globin chains. We hypothesize that these membrane sites in which iron carrying globin chains accumulate and cause oxidative damage, could be important in the loss of membrane lipid organization. In conclusion, we report the presence of PS-exposing subpopulations of thalassemic RBC that are most likely physiologically important, because they could provide a surface for enhancing hemostasis as recently reported, and because such exposure may mediate the rapid removal of these RBCs from the circulation, thereby contributing to the anemia.
1,2-Dihydroxymintlactone, a New Nematicidal Monoterpene Isolated from the Basidiomycete Cheimonophyllum candidissimum (Berk & Curt.) Sing (1995)

1,2-Dihydroxymintlactone (1), a new monoterpene possessing nematicidal activity was isolated as a minor metabolite from the culture filtrate of the Basidiomycete Cheimonophyllum candidissimum , a fungus that previously has yielded nematicidal sesquiterpenes. The structure was determined by spectroscopic methods.
Oxidative stability of diacylglycerol oil and butter blends containing diacylglycerols (2006)

Abstract Diacylglycerol (DAG) oils produced from sunflower oil and traditional sunflower oil were stored for 20 wk at 38 °C, and their oxidative stability was measured. Moreover, two butter blends were produced containing 40 wt‐% DAG oil made from sunflower oil or rapeseed oil, respectively, as well as two control butter blends with sunflower oil or rapeseed oil. Their oxidative stability during storage at 5 °C for up to 12 wk was examined by similar means as for the pure oils. The storage study of the oils indicated that the DAG oil was oxidatively less stable as compared to sunflower oil, but that they had similar sensory quality. Storage of the butter blends revealed that blends with the two types of rapeseed oil (triacylglycerol (TAG) or DAG oil) were oxidatively more stable than the blends containing oils from sunflower. There was no unambiguous indication of DAG butter blends having a different stability than their respective control TAG blends. However, they had a significantly less salty and buttery flavour, which was ascribed to a much smaller water droplet size causing a delayed sensory perception in the mouth. The butter blend with DAG oil from rapeseed had a very neutral flavour. On the contrary, the butter blend with DAG oil from sunflower had a more rancid aroma and flavour than its control blend with sunflower oil.
Heterogeneous Domain Adaptation and Classification by Exploiting the Correlation Subspace (2014)

We present a novel domain adaptation approach for solving cross-domain pattern recognition problems, i.e., the data or features to be processed and recognized are collected from different domains of interest. Inspired by canonical correlation analysis (CCA), we utilize the derived correlation subspace as a joint representation for associating data across different domains, and we advance reduced kernel techniques for kernel CCA (KCCA) if nonlinear correlation subspace are desirable. Such techniques not only makes KCCA computationally more efficient, potential over-fitting problems can be alleviated as well. Instead of directly performing recognition in the derived CCA subspace (as prior CCA-based domain adaptation methods did), we advocate the exploitation of domain transfer ability in this subspace, in which each dimension has a unique capability in associating cross-domain data. In particular, we propose a novel support vector machine (SVM) with a correlation regularizer, named correlation-transfer SVM, which incorporates the domain adaptation ability into classifier design for cross-domain recognition. We show that our proposed domain adaptation and classification approach can be successfully applied to a variety of cross-domain recognition tasks such as cross-view action recognition, handwritten digit recognition with different features, and image-to-text or text-to-image classification. From our empirical results, we verify that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art domain adaptation approaches in terms of recognition performance.
RhBMP-2 and -7 combined with absorbable collagen sponge carrier enhance ectopic bone formation: An in vivo bioassay (2011)

Abstract Background: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) have been characterized especially chondrogenic and osteogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, delivery of more than one growth factor by sustained release carrier to orthopedic site has yet been questionable in terms of efficacy and synergism. Objective: Evaluate osteoinductivity and synergistic effect of rhBMP-2 and -7 using absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier system in vivo. Methods: cDNA of BMP-2 and -7 active domains were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 Star TM (DE3) using pRSETc expression system. Then, the purified rhBMPs were loaded onto ACS and evaluated by in vivo rat subcutaneous bioassay. Two and eight weeks postoperatively, all treated groups were histologically verified for evidence of new bone formation and neovascularization by hematoxylin-eosin staining and light microscopy. Results: The Wistar rat treated with rhBMP-2 or -7/ACS exhibited new bone formation, compared to ACS control. The group treated with ACS supplemented with both rhBMP-2 and -7 significantly showed the osteoid matrix very well-organized into trabeculae-like structure with significant blood vessel invasion. Conclusion: The osteogenic induction of rhBMPs was combined with ACS carrier in the in vivo bioassay. In addition, the combination of both two potent recombinant osteoinductive cytokines, rhBMP-2 and -7, with ACS carrier demonstrated synergistic effect and might be a more promising and effective choice for therapeutic applications.
In Situ Infiltration of Natural Killer‐Like Cells Induced by Intradermal Injection of the Nucleic Acid Fraction from BCG (1989)

Intradermal injection of MY-1, a nucleic acid fraction extracted from Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG, induced in situ infiltration of mononuclear cells, most of which were asialo GM1 (GA1)-positive as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. The infiltration occurred with as little as 1 microgram of MY-1 and lasted for a week. Double immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that the infiltrating GA1-positive cells were all positive for Ly-5, and partially positive for Thy-1.2, but negative for Mac-1, Ia, mu-chain, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, L3T4, and Fc receptor II. They contained neither peroxidase nor nonspecific esterase. The infiltrating cells thus markedly resembled natural killer (NK) cells in their cytochemical characteristics and surface markers. DNase and RNase destroyed the GA1-positive cell-inducing activity of MY-1. These results indicate that the nucleic acid components of MY-1 are responsible for this effect.