gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Diterpenoid Insect Toxins from a Conifer Endophyte (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel Diterpenoid Insect Toxins from a Conifer EndophyteJohn A. Findlay, Guoqiang Li, Peter E. Penner, and J. David MillerCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1995, 58, 2, 197–200Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50116a006https://doi.org/10.1021/np50116a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AMH and AFC as predictors of excessive response in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: a meta-analysis (2010)

Both AMH and AFC are accurate predictors of excessive response to ovarian hyperstimulation. Moreover, both tests appear to have clinical value. This opens ways to explore the potential of individualized FSH dose regimens based on ovarian reserve testing.
Glycoprotein D adjuvant herpes simplex virus vaccine (2005)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type-1 and -2 are common infections that can cause primary and recurrent herpes labialis and genitalis, as well as gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis, disseminated infections in immunocompromised persons and neonatal infections. Despite several decades of HSV vaccine development, no effective vaccine has been developed until recently. The following review of the genital HSV-2 glycoprotein D (gD2t, t is for truncated) subunit vaccine formulated with a new adjuvant (AS04) containing alum and 3-O deacylated monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) provides a background in which to evaluate the vaccine as well as a brief review of other approaches to herpes vaccines. The gD2t-AS04 vaccine has been demonstrated to be safe in several large clinical trials. In two trials, the vaccine reduced genital herpes disease by 73 and 74%, but only in females with no previous HSV infection. A large ongoing trial in HSV seronegative females will provide additional data on protection from HSV disease and infection.
Therapy of lymphoma directed at idiotypes. (1990)

Anti-idiotype monoclonal antibodies are now available for up to one-third of all patients with B-cell cancer. This is because some antibodies made in the past for individual patients cross-react with the idiotype expressed by other patients' tumor cells. Clinical trials with anti-idiotype antibodies have demonstrated reproducible antitumor effects in patients who have failed conventional treatments. The anti-idiotype antibody treatments are not associated with any significant toxicity and rarely induce immune responses in patients with B-cell lymphoma. They can therefore be used repetitively. Future developments will include the combination of anti-idiotype antibodies with other biologic therapies and with chemotherapy. In addition, one may be able to induce the patient to make an active immune response against the idiotype expressed by his or her tumor cells.
Structure of P-Glycoprotein Reveals a Molecular Basis for Poly-Specific Drug Binding (2009)

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) detoxifies cells by exporting hundreds of chemically unrelated toxins but has been implicated in multidrug resistance (MDR) in the treatment of cancers. Substrate promiscuity is a hallmark of P-gp activity, thus a structural description of poly-specific drug-binding is important for the rational design of anticancer drugs and MDR inhibitors. The x-ray structure of apo P-gp at 3.8 angstroms reveals an internal cavity of approximately 6000 angstroms cubed with a 30 angstrom separation of the two nucleotide-binding domains. Two additional P-gp structures with cyclic peptide inhibitors demonstrate distinct drug-binding sites in the internal cavity capable of stereoselectivity that is based on hydrophobic and aromatic interactions. Apo and drug-bound P-gp structures have portals open to the cytoplasm and the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer for drug entry. The inward-facing conformation represents an initial stage of the transport cycle that is competent for drug binding.
Oncogenic KRAS and BRAF Drive Metabolic Reprogramming in Colorectal Cancer (2016)

Metabolic reprogramming, in which altered utilization of glucose and glutamine supports rapid growth, is a hallmark of most cancers. Mutations in the oncogenes KRAS and BRAF drive metabolic reprogramming through enhanced glucose uptake, but the broader impact of these mutations on pathways of carbon metabolism is unknown. Global shotgun proteomic analysis of isogenic DLD-1 and RKO colon cancer cell lines expressing mutant and wild type KRAS or BRAF, respectively, failed to identify significant differences (at least 2-fold) in metabolic protein abundance. However, a multiplexed parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) strategy targeting 73 metabolic proteins identified significant protein abundance increases of 1.25-twofold in glycolysis, the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway, glutamine metabolism, and the phosphoserine biosynthetic pathway in cells with KRAS G13D mutations or BRAF V600E mutations. These alterations corresponded to mutant KRAS and BRAF-dependent increases in glucose uptake and lactate production. Metabolic reprogramming and glucose conversion to lactate in RKO cells were proportional to levels of BRAF V600E protein. In DLD-1 cells, these effects were independent of the ratio of KRAS G13D to KRAS wild type protein. A study of 8 KRAS wild type and 8 KRAS mutant human colon tumors confirmed the association of increased expression of glycolytic and glutamine metabolic proteins with KRAS mutant status. Metabolic reprogramming is driven largely by modest (<2-fold) alterations in protein expression, which are not readily detected by the global profiling methods most commonly employed in proteomic studies. The results indicate the superiority of more precise, multiplexed, pathway-targeted analyses to study functional proteome systems. Data are available through MassIVE Accession MSV000079486 at ftp://MSV000079486@massive.ucsd.edu.
The importance of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides for the biosynthesis and in vitro and in vivo biologic activities of erythropoietin (1991)

Abstract Erythropoietin (EPO) plays a critical role in stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid precursor cells. EPO is heavily glycosylated with three asparagine (N)-linked tetraantennary oligosaccharides that may contain N-acetyl-lactosamine repeats and a single serine (O)-linked oligosaccharide. EPO expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells exhibits biologic properties and amino acid and carbohydrate composition similar to natural urinary EPO. The importance of the complex N-linked and the O-linked carbohydrate was studied by expressing EPO in cells that are deficient in UDP-galactose/UDP-N- acetylgalactosamine 4-epimerase activity. In these cells, the ability to add galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine to glycoproteins can be controlled by the addition of these sugars to the culture medium. The results demonstrate that a block in O-linked glycosylation and/or the ability to process N-linked carbohydrate to completion does not alter EPO secretion. EPO produced without O-linked carbohydrate exhibits normal in vitro and in vivo biologic activity and in vivo clearance. However, EPO produced with incompletely processed N-linked oligosaccharides exhibits normal in vitro activity but is at least 500- fold less effective in stimulating erythropoiesis in vivo. Studies on the survival of bioactive EPO remaining in the circulation demonstrated that EPO with incomplete N-linked oligosaccharides exhibits a sevenfold increased rate of clearance. However, this increased clearance may not fully account for the 500-fold loss of in vivo activity. These results suggest a potentially important unique requirement for appropriate complex N-linked oligosaccharides for the intrinsic biologic activity of EPO in vivo.
Motion and structure from feature correspondences: a review (1994)

We present a review of algorithms and their performance for determining three-dimensional (3D) motion and structure of rigid objects when their corresponding features are known at different times or are viewed by different cameras. Three categories of problems are considered, depending upon whether the features are two (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) and the type of correspondence: a) 3D to 3D (i.e., locations of corresponding features in 3D space are known at two different times), b) 2D to 3D (i.e., locations of features in 3D space and their projection on the camera plane are known, and c) 2D to 2D (i.e., projections of features on the camera plane are known at two different times). Features considered include points, straight lines, curved lines, and corners. Emphasis is on problem formulation, efficient algorithms for solution, existence and uniqueness of solutions, and sensitivity of solutions to noise in the observed data. Algorithms described have been used in a variety of applications. Some of these are: a) positioning and navigating 3D objects in a 3D world, b) camera calibration, i.e., determining location and orientation of a camera by observing 3D features whose location is known, c) estimating motion and structure of moving objects relative to a camera. We mention some of the mathematical techniques borrowed from algebraic geometry, projective geometry, and homotopy theory that are required to solve these problems, list unsolved problems, and give some directions for future research.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fermentation in cyanobacteria (1997)

Although cyanobacteria are oxygenic phototrophic organisms, they often thrive in environments that become periodically anoxic.This is particularly the case in the dark when photosynthetic oxygen evolution does not take place.Whereas cyanobacteria generally utilize endogenous storage carbohydrate by aerobic respiration, they must use alternative ways for energy generation under dark anoxic conditions.This aspect of metabolism of cyanobacteria has received little attention but nevertheless in recent years a steadily increasing number of publications have reported the capacity of fermentation in cyanobacteria.This review summarizes these reports and gives a critical consideration of the energetics of dark fermentation in a number of species.There are a variety of different fermentation pathways in cyanobacteria.These include homo-and heterolactic acid fermentation, mixed acid fermentation and homoacetate fermentation.Products of fermentation include CO 2 , H 2 , formate, acetate, lactate and ethanol.In all species investigated, fermentation is constitutive.All enzymes of the fermentative pathways are present in photoautotrophically grown cells.Many cyanobacteria are also capable of using elemental sulfur as electron acceptor.In most cases it seems unlikely that sulfur respiration occurs.The main advantage of sulfur reduction seems to be the higher yield of ATP which can be achieved during fermentation.Besides oxygen and elemental sulfur no other electron acceptors for chemotrophic metabolism are known so far in cyanobacteria.Calculations show that the yield of ATP during fermentation, although it is low relative to aerobic respiration, exceeds the amount that is likely to be required for maintenance, which appears to be very low in these cyanobacteria.The possibility of a limited amount of biosynthesis during anaerobic dark metabolism is discussed.
Dronabinol Versus Megestrol Acetate Versus Combination Therapy for Cancer-Associated Anorexia: A North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study (2002)

PURPOSE: To determine whether dronabinol administered alone or with megestrol acetate was more, less, or equal in efficacy to single-agent megestrol acetate for palliating cancer-associated anorexia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four hundred sixty-nine assessable advanced cancer patients were randomized to (1) oral megestrol acetate 800 mg/d liquid suspension plus placebo, (2) oral dronabinol 2.5 mg twice a day plus placebo, or (3) both agents. Eligible patients acknowledged that loss of appetite or weight was a problem and reported the loss of 5 pounds or more during 2 months and/or a daily intake of less than 20 calories/kg of body weight. RESULTS: Groups were comparable at baseline in age, sex, tumor type, weight loss, and performance status. A greater percentage of megestrol acetate-treated patients reported appetite improvement and weight gain compared with dronabinol-treated patients: 75% versus 49% (P = .0001) for appetite and 11% versus 3% (P = .02) for ≥ 10% baseline weight gain. Combination treatment resulted in no significant differences in appetite or weight compared with megestrol acetate alone. The Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy questionnaire, which emphasizes anorexia-related questions, demonstrated an improvement in quality of life (QOL) among megestrol acetate–treated and combination-treated patients. The single-item Uniscale, a global QOL instrument, found comparable scores. Toxicity was also comparable, with the exception of an increased incidence of impotence among men who received megestrol acetate. CONCLUSION: In the doses and schedules we studied, megestrol acetate provided superior anorexia palliation among advanced cancer patients compared with dronabinol alone. Combination therapy did not appear to confer additional benefit.
Rapid Detection of Clostridium difficile in Feces by Real-Time PCR (2003)

Clostridium difficile is the major causative agent of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea, colitis, and pseudomembranous colitis. The pathogenicity of C. difficile is closely related to the production of toxins A and B. Toxigenic C. difficile detection by a tissue culture cytotoxin assay is often considered the "gold standard." However, this assay is time consuming, as it implies an incubation period of at least 24 h. We have developed a rapid real-time fluorescence-based multiplex PCR assay targeting the C. difficile toxin genes tcdA and tcdB, with the Smart Cycler. Two molecular beacons bearing different fluorophores were used as internal probes specific for each amplicon type. The analytical sensitivity of the assay was around 10 genome copies for all nine C. difficile strains tested, representing the 6 most common toxinotypes. The specificity was demonstrated by the absence of amplification with DNA purified from bacterial species other than C. difficile (n = 14), including Clostridium sordellii for which the lethal toxin gene sequence is closely related to the toxin genes of C. difficile. Following a rapid (15 min) and simple fecal sample preparation protocol, both tcdA and tcdB were efficiently amplified from 28 of 29 cytotoxin-positive feces samples. There was no amplification observed with all 27 cytotoxin-negative feces samples tested. This is the first real-time PCR assay for the detection of C. difficile. It is rapid, sensitive, and specific and allows detection of C. difficile directly from feces samples.
PSEUDOHYPERPARATHYROIDISM (1966)

From the Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
Single-molecule assay reveals strand switching and enhanced processivity of UvrD (2004)

DNA helicases are enzymes capable of unwinding double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to provide the single-stranded DNA template required in many biological processes. Among these, UvrD, an essential DNA repair enzyme, has been shown to unwind dsDNA while moving 3'-5' on one strand. Here, we use a single-molecule manipulation technique to monitor real-time changes in extension of a single, stretched, nicked dsDNA substrate as it is unwound by a single enzyme. This technique offers a means for measuring the rate, lifetime, and processivity of the enzymatic complex as a function of ATP, and for estimating the helicase step size. Strikingly, we observe a feature not seen in bulk assays: unwinding is preferentially followed by a slow, enzyme-translocation-limited rezipping of the separated strands rather than by dissociation of the enzymatic complex followed by quick rehybridization of the DNA strands. We address the mechanism underlying this phenomenon and propose a fully characterized model in which UvrD switches strands and translocates backwards on the other strand, allowing the DNA to reanneal in its wake.
Professional Role Orientation and Social Activism (1992)

This article examines the effects on social action of the client, bureaucratic, and professional role orientations of social workers. A national survey was conducted of 682 social workers who were members of the National Association of Social Workers. Systematic sampling was used and the questionnaire was self-administered. A bureaucratic orientation is not supportive of activism; a client orientation encourages activism; and a professional orientation-taken alone-is neither conservatizing nor reinforcing of activism. However, an orientation to the profession when coupled with a client orientation intensifies the activist effects of a client orientation for practice groups within social work. Possible explanations for these findings are presented.
Structure, Histone Deacetylase, and Antiprotozoal Activities of Apicidins B and C, Congeners of Apicidin with Proline and Valine Substitutions (2001)

[structure: see text]. Isolation and structure elucidation of two novel cyclic tetrapeptides that show a variety of potent antiprotozoal activities by reversibly inhibiting HDAC have been reported. These are the new members of a unique family of cyclic tetrapeptides that do not require the electrophilic alpha-epoxyketone moiety of HC-toxin, trapoxin A, or chlamydocin for their potent activities against HDAC and the malarial parasite.
A multiple hill climbing approach to software module clustering (2004)

Automated software module clustering is important for maintenance of legacy systems written in a 'monolithic format' with inadequate module boundaries. Even where systems were originally designed with suitable module boundaries, structure tends to degrade as the system evolves, making re-modularization worthwhile. This paper focuses upon search-based approaches to the automated module clustering problem, where hitherto, the local search approach of hill climbing has been found to be most successful. In the paper we show that results from a set of multiple hill climbs can be combined to locate good 'building blocks' for subsequent searches. Building blocks are formed by identifying the common features in a selection of best hill climbs. This process reduces the search space, while simultaneously 'hard wiring' parts of the solution. The paper reports the results of an empirical study that show that the multiple hill climbing approach does indeed guide the search to higher peaks in subsequent executions. The paper also investigates the relationship between the improved results and the system size.
Coupling of hormonal stimulation and transcription via the cyclic AMP-responsive factor CREB is rate limited by nuclear entry of protein kinase A. (1993)

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) regulates a number of eukaryotic genes by mediating the protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of the CREB transcription factor at Ser-133. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the stoichiometry and kinetics of CREB phosphorylation are determined by the liberation and subsequent translocation of PKA catalytic subunit (C subunit) into the nucleus. Using fluorescence imaging techniques, we observed that PKA was activated in a stimulus-dependent fashion that led to nuclear entry of C subunit over a 30-min period. The degree of CREB phosphorylation, assessed with antiserum specific for CREB phosphorylated at Ser-133, correlated with the amount of PKA liberated. The time course of phosphorylation closely paralleled the nuclear entry of the catalytic subunit. There was a linear relationship between the subsequent induction of the cAMP-responsive somatostatin gene and the degree of CREB phosphorylation, suggesting that each event--kinase activation, CREB phosphorylation, and transcriptional induction--was tightly coupled to the next. In contrast to other PKA-mediated cellular responses which are rapid and quantitative, the slow, incremental regulation of CREB activity by cAMP suggests that multifunctional kinases like PKA may coordinate cellular responses by dictating the kinetics and stoichiometry of phosphorylation for key substrates like CREB.
Controlled Growth of ZnO Nanowires and Their Optical Properties (2002)

This article surveys recent developments in the rational synthesis of single-crystalline zinc oxide nanowires and their unique optical properties. The growth of ZnO nanowires was carried out in a simple chemical vapor transport and condensation (CVTC) system. Based on our fundamental understanding of the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) nanowire growth mechanism, different levels of growth controls (including positional, orientational, diameter, and density control) have been achieved. Power-dependent emission has been examined and lasing action was observed in these ZnO nanowires when the excitation intensity exceeds a threshold (∼40 kW cm–2). These short-wavelength nanolasers operate at room temperature and the areal density of these nanolasers on substrate readily reaches 1 × 1010 cm–2. The observation of lasing action in these nanowire arrays without any fabricated mirrors indicates these single-crystalline, well-facetted nanowires can function as self-contained optical resonance cavities. This argument is further supported by our recent near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) studies on single nanowires.
Hearing Improvement after Bevacizumab in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (2009)

VEGF blockade with bevacizumab improved hearing in some, but not all, patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 and was associated with a reduction in the volume of most growing vestibular schwannomas.