gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Host-guest complexation. 47. Carcerands and carcaplexes, the first closed molecular container compounds (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHost-guest complexation. 47. Carcerands and carcaplexes, the first closed molecular container compoundsDonald J. Cram, Stefan. Karbach, Young Hwan. Kim, Lubomir. Baczynskyj, Kurt. Marti, Russ M. Sampson, and Gregory W. KalleymeynCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 8, 2554–2560Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00216a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00216a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views857Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ovarian Cancer-Intrinsic Fatty Acid Synthase Prevents Anti-tumor Immunity by Disrupting Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells (2018)

Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key metabolic enzyme of <i>de novo</i> lipogenesis, provides proliferative and metastatic capacity directly to cancer cells have been described. However, the impact of aberrant activation of this lipogenic enzyme on host anti-tumor immune milieu remains unknown. In this study, we depicted that elevated FASN expression presented in ovarian cancer with more advanced clinical phenotype and correlated with the immunosuppressive status, which characterized by the lower number and dysfunction of infiltrating T cells. Notably, in a mouse model, we showed that tumor cell-intrinsic FASN drove ovarian cancer (OvCa) progression by blunting anti-tumor immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are required to initiate and sustain T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity. Here, our data showed that constitutive activation of FASN in ovarian cancer cell lead to abnormal lipid accumulation and subsequent inhibition of tumor-infiltrating DCs (TIDCs) capacity to support anti-tumor T cells. Mechanistically, FASN activation in ovarian cancer cell-induced the resulting increase of lipids present at high concentrations in the tumor microenvironment. Dendritic cells educated by FASN<sup>high</sup> OvCa ascites are defective in their ability to present antigens and prime T cells. Accordingly, inhibiting FASN by FASN inhibitor can partly restore the immunostimulatory activity of TIDCs and extended tumor control by evoking protective anti-tumor immune responses. Therefore, our data provide a mechanism by which ovarian cancer-intrinsic FASN oncogenic pathway induce the impaired anti-tumor immune response through lipid accumulation in TIDCs and subsequently T-cells exclusion and dysfunction. These results could further indicate that targeting the FASN oncogenic pathway concomitantly enhance anti-tumor immunity, thus offering a unique approach to ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
Disease-associated mutant α-actinin-4 reveals a mechanism for regulating its F-actin-binding affinity (2007)

Alpha-actinin-4 is a widely expressed protein that employs an actin-binding site with two calponin homology domains to crosslink actin filaments (F-actin) in a Ca(2+)-sensitive manner in vitro. An inherited, late-onset form of kidney failure is caused by point mutations in the alpha-actinin-4 actin-binding domain. Here we show that alpha-actinin-4/F-actin aggregates, observed in vivo in podocytes of humans and mice with disease, likely form as a direct result of the increased actin-binding affinity of the protein. We document that exposure of a buried actin-binding site 1 in mutant alpha-actinin-4 causes an increase in its actin-binding affinity, abolishes its Ca(2+) regulation in vitro, and diverts its normal localization from actin stress fibers and focal adhesions in vivo. Inactivation of this buried actin-binding site returns the affinity of the mutant to that of the WT protein and abolishes aggregate formation in cells. In vitro, actin filaments crosslinked by the mutant alpha-actinin-4 exhibit profound changes of structural and biomechanical properties compared with WT alpha-actinin-4. On a molecular level, our findings elucidate the physiological importance of a dynamic interaction of alpha-actinin with F-actin in podocytes in vivo. We propose that a conformational change with full exposure of actin-binding site 1 could function as a switch mechanism to regulate the actin-binding affinity of alpha-actinin and possibly other calponin homology domain proteins under physiological conditions.
Technique for the Dry Transfer of Epitaxial Graphene onto Arbitrary Substrates (2010)

To make graphene technologically viable, the transfer of graphene films to substrates appropriate for specific applications is required. We demonstrate the dry transfer of epitaxial graphene (EG) from the C-face of 4H-SiC onto SiO(2), GaN and Al(2)O(3) substrates using a thermal release tape. Subsequent Hall effect measurements illustrated that minimal degradation in the carrier mobility was induced following the transfer process in lithographically patterned devices. Correspondingly, a large drop in the carrier concentration was observed following the transfer process, supporting the notion that a gradient in the carrier density is present in C-face EG, with lower values being observed in layers further removed from the SiC interface. X-ray photoemission spectra collected from EG films attached to the transfer tape revealed the presence of atomic Si within the EG layers, which may indicate the identity of the unknown intrinsic dopant in EG. Finally, this transfer process is shown to enable EG films amenable for use in device fabrication on arbitrary substrates and films that are deemed most beneficial to carrier transport, as flexible electronic devices or optically transparent contacts.
BMP-Induced osteogenesis on the surface of hydroxyapatite with geometrically feasible and nonfeasible structures: Topology of osteogenesis (1998)

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is known to require a suitable carrier to induce ectopic bone formation in vivo. Hydroxyapatite ceramics have been reported to be effective in some forms but ineffective in others as a carrier of BMP-induced bone formation. In this study we compare three geometrically different forms of hydroxyapatite to examine their functions as carriers of BMP-induced bone formation. A fraction containing all the active BMPs (BMP cocktail) was partially purified from a 4M guanidine extract from bovine bone by a three-step chromatographic procedure. The BMP cocktail was combined with each of three forms of hydroxyapatite--solid particles (SPHAP), porous particles (PPHAP), and coral-replicated porous tablets (coral-HAP)--and implanted subcutaneously into rats. Both the PPHAP and coral-HAP systems induced osteogenesis 2 weeks after implantation, as evidenced by morphological and biochemical observations. Details of the osteogenetic process were followed by double-fluorescence labeling in the coral-HAP system to confirm bone formation on the surface of hydroxyapatite. However, there was no evidence of osteogenesis or chondrogenesis in the SPHAP system. The results indicate that the geometry of the interconnected porous structure in PPHAP and coral-HAP create spaces for vasculature that lead to osteogenesis while the smooth structure and close contact of particles in SPHAP inhibit vascular formation and proliferation of mesenchymal cells, preventing bone and cartilage formation. It was concluded that the geometrical structure in hydroxyapatite ceramics that induces vasculature is crucial as a carrier for BMP-induced bone formation.
Set Domain-Dependent Regulation of Transcriptional Silencing and Growth Control by SUV39H1, a Mammalian Ortholog of Drosophila Su(var)3-9 (2000)

Mammalian SET domain-containing proteins define a distinctive class of chromatin-associated factors that are targets for growth control signals and oncogenic activation. SUV39H1, a mammalian ortholog of Drosophila Su(var)3-9, contains both SET and chromo domains, signature motifs for proteins that contribute to epigenetic control of gene expression through effects on the regional organization of chromatin structure. In this report we demonstrate that SUV39H1 represses transcription in a transient transcriptional assay when tethered to DNA through the GAL4 DNA binding domain. Under these conditions, SUV39H1 displays features of a long-range repressor capable of acting over several kilobases to silence basal promoters. A possible role in chromatin-mediated gene silencing is supported by the localization of exogenously expressed SUV39H1 to nuclear bodies with morphologic features suggestive of heterochromatin in interphase cells. In addition, we show that SUV39H1 is phosphorylated specifically at the G(1)/S cell cycle transition and when forcibly expressed suppresses cell growth. Growth suppression as well as the ability of SUV39H1 to form nuclear bodies and silence transcription are antagonized by the oncogenic antiphosphatase Sbf1 that when hyperexpressed interacts with the SET domain and stabilizes the phosphorylated form of SUV39H1. These studies suggest a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism for regulating the chromatin organizing activity of a mammalian su(var) protein and implicate the SET domain as a gatekeeper motif that integrates upstream signaling pathways to epigenetic regulation and growth control.
Assessment of Pruritus Intensity: Prospective Study on Validity and Reliability of the Visual Analogue Scale, Numerical Rating Scale and Verbal Rating Scale in 471 Patients with Chronic Pruritus (2012)

The most commonly used tool for self-report of pruritus intensity is the visual analogue scale (VAS). Similar tools are the numerical rating scale (NRS) and verbal rating scale (VRS). In the present study, initiated by the International Forum for the Study of Itch assessing reliability of these tools, 471 randomly selected patients with chronic itch (200 males, 271 females, mean age 58.44 years) recorded their pruritus intensity on VAS (100-mm line), NRS (0-10) and VRS (four-point) scales. Re-test reliability was analysed in a subgroup of 250 patients after one hour. Statistical analysis showed a high reliability and concurrent validity (r>0.8; p<0.01) for all tools. Mean values of all scales showed a high correlation. In conclusion, high reliability and concurrent validity was found for VAS, NRS and VRS. On re-test, higher correlation and less missing values were observed. A training session before starting a clinical trial is recommended.
Oxy Functionalization of Metal-Coordinated Heterocyclic Carbenes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxy Functionalization of Metal-Coordinated Heterocyclic CarbenesWolfgang A. Herrmann, Peter W. Roesky, Martina Elison, Georg Artus, and Karl OefeleCite this: Organometallics 1995, 14, 3, 1085–1086Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00003a003https://doi.org/10.1021/om00003a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views381Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Genomic structure of DNA encoding the lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 reveals at least 12 alternatively spliced exons. (1992)

The CD44 molecule is known to display extensive size heterogeneity, which has been attributed both to alternative splicing and to differential glycosylation within the extracellular domain. Although the presence of several alternative exons has been partly inferred from cDNA sequencing, the precise intron-exon organization of the CD44 gene has not been described to date to our knowledge. In the present study we describe the structure of the human CD44 gene, which contains at least 19 exons spanning some 50 kilobases of DNA. We have identified 10 alternatively spliced exons within the extracellular domain, including 1 exon that has not been previously reported. In addition to the inclusion or exclusion of whole exons, more diversity is generated through the utilization of internal splice donor and acceptor sites within 2 of the individual exons. The variation previously reported for the cytoplasmic domain is shown to result from the alternative splicing of 2 exons. The genomic structure of CD44 reveals a remarkable degree of complexity, and we confirm the role of alternative splicing as the basis of the structural and functional diversity seen in the CD44 molecule.
Sub-Quarter-Micron Gate Fabrication Process Using Phase-Shifting Mask for Microwave GaAs Devices (1991)

A phase-shifting mask technique using an i-line stepper was applied to the gate formation process of AlGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). To obtain a fine gate pattern of less than a quarter micron, the phase-shifter edge-line mask, which has the highest resolution and wide focus margin for an isolated pattern, was used and the double exposure process was developed to form a real gate pattern. The controllable gate length was in the range of 0.50-0.15 µm. By using this technique, 0.18 µm-gate HEMTs with good and uniform microwave performances in a 3-inch wafer were obtained. This technique has great advantages for applications to microwave GaAs devices and ultrahigh-speed GaAs LSIs.
Extremely Stable Water-Soluble Ag Nanoparticles (2005)

A rationally designed peptide and a thioalkylated poly(ethylene glycol) are used to stabilize Ag nanoparticles in water. Particle aggregation and oxidation are prevented to such a degree that nanoparticle solutions are stable in the presence of high concentrations of NaCl and over a wide pH range. This opens the door for the use of Ag nanoparticles in biological applications.
Regulation of energy substrate metabolism in the diabetic heart (1997)

The effects of diabetes on myocardial metabolism are complex in that they are tied to the systemic metabolic abnormalities of the disease (hyperglycemia and elevated levels of free fatty acid and ketone bodies), and changes in cardiomyocyte phenotype (e.g., down-regulation of glucose transporters and PDH activity). The cardiac adaptations appear to be driven by the severity of the systemic abnormalities of the disease. The diabetes-induced changes in the plasma milieu and cardiac phenotype both cause impaired glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and lactate uptake, and a greater dependency on fatty acids as a source of acetyl CoA. Studies in isolated hearts suggest that therapies aimed at decreasing fatty acid oxidation, or directly stimulating pyruvate oxidation would be of benefit to the diabetic heart during and following myocardial ischemia.
Teasing apart structural determinants of `toxicity' and `adjuvanticity': implications for meningococcal vaccine development (2004)

The use of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an adjuvant is limited by its high endotoxic activity. In particular, the fatty-acyl pattern of the lipid A part of LPS has been demonstrated to determine its biological activity. By genetic modification of the lipid A biosynthesis pathway in Neisseria meningitidis, a panel of recombinant strains with specific alterations in the lipid A acylation pattern, as well as a strain completely lacking LPS were isolated. Whereas all variations in the fatty-acyl pattern resulted in reduced endotoxic activity, as measured by TNF-alpha induction in the human macrophage cell line MM6, the adjuvant activity of the modified LPS was, in most cases, barely affected. The in vivo adjuvant properties of N. meningitidis wild-type and mutant LPS was found to correlate with induction of co-stimulatory molecules, in particular CD80 and CD40, and with IL-12 production by LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived BALB/c dendritic cells in vitro. Our results suggest that the ability of LPS to stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine induction is not necessarily linked to its adjuvant activity. The availability of this novel set of lipid A variants with improved pharmacological properties will be of great importance for the improvement of future outer membrane vesicle vaccines against N. meningitidis.
Semicontinuous Monomer-Starved Emulsion Polymerization as a Means to Produce Nanolatexes: Analysis of Nucleation Stage (2013)

In this research, particle nucleation was decoupled from particle growth in the monomer-starved semicontinuous (micro)emulsion polymerization of styrene by close monitoring of the end of nucleation. This enabled us to exclude the effects of particle growth on nucleation and therefore unravel inherent features of nucleation in this process. Nanolatexes with average particle sizes as small as 15 nm were obtained. The average size of particles at the end of nucleation was found to be almost independent of surfactant concentration ([S]) but varied with the rate of monomer addition (Ra) to the 1/3 power. Nucleation time varied almost proportionally with [S](1.0). The sharpest particle size distribution was obtained at the lowest monomer feed rate used. The weight-average molecular weights (M̅w) of the polymer produced decreased with decreasing Ra. A simple correlation was developed which shows that the number-average molecular weight (M̅n) is proportional to Ra(1.0) but independent of [S] (i.e., [S](0.0)), which was in fair agreement with the experimental results. It is also shown that the polymer molecular weight is proportional to the average volume of particles; the smaller the particle, the lower the molecular weight.
Localization of the carbohydrate within the variable region of light and heavy chains of human γG myeloma proteins (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLocalization of the carbohydrate within the variable region of light and heavy chains of human γG myeloma proteinsHans L. Spiegelberg, Carlos A. Abel, Ben G. Fishkin, and Howard M. GreyCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 21, 4217–4223Publication Date (Print):October 13, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 October 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00823a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Automatic History Matching of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs and a Case Study (2005)

Abstract In naturally fractured reservoirs, the fracture intensity (density) control the fracture permeability and the dimensions of matrix blocks, and hence govern the reservoir production performance and oil recovery process. In the last decade, great progress has been made in the characterization of natural fracture system of naturally fracture reservoirs. The statistical fracture intensity model can be constructed by integrating the direct local data, such as core and image log data, and field scale data derived from seismic attributes, fault-related-strain-field, structural information (curvature), etc. The static fracture model must be converted into flow simulation model for dynamic simulation, and must be adjusted to honor the production history to perform production performance prediction and optimal development planning. This paper discusses the development of a novel method of conditioning the fracture intensity model to the production data. This is achieved by making the sensitivity coefficients available of production data with respect to fracture intensity through the building of correlations between fracture intensity and fracture permeability and fracture/matrix coupling factor. Gradient simulator and adjoint methods are used to calculate the sensitivity coefficients of production data to the parameters of fracture and matrix blocks. Both two methods usually involve solving of a great number of matrix equations. Sparse LU decomposition is used to solve the matrix equations to improve the computational efficiency of sensitivity coefficient. To the best of our knowledge, the particular implementation of the sparse LU direct methods in automatic history matching is new to the petroleum engineering literature. The proposed method and developed software is validated by applying to a giant Middle East carbonate naturally fracture reservoir.
European perspectives on third generation personal communication systems (2002)

Some of the general trends and perspectives of cordless and cellular systems are discussed. Cordless and cellular systems will develop and converge to form personal communication systems. This will happen as cellular systems grow down and cordless systems grow up. Both of them are essential components of a full personal communication system, and should be harnessed. This can only happen if both systems are compatible, or at least very similar. In this event, one handset could in theory access either large-cell cellular systems, medium-sized urban cells, or micro cellular cordless systems. Not all handsets manufactured would have all of these capabilities. The simplest handsets could access only the cordless systems, and middle of the range handsets, both the cordless and urban systems. Top of the range handsets could access cordless, urban and cellular systems with national scope. Some of the particular features of the next generation digital systems and the possibility for integration are discussed. Techniques needed for the design of future personal communication systems are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>