gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium and neurodegeneration (2007)

When properly controlled, Ca2+ fluxes across the plasma membrane and between intracellular compartments play critical roles in fundamental functions of neurons, including the regulation of neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission and plasticity, and cell survival. During aging, and particularly in neurodegenerative disorders, cellular Ca2+-regulating systems are compromised resulting in synaptic dysfunction, impaired plasticity and neuronal degeneration. Oxidative stress, perturbed energy metabolism and aggregation of disease-related proteins (amyloid beta-peptide, alpha-synuclein, huntingtin, etc.) adversely affect Ca2+ homeostasis by mechanisms that have been elucidated recently. Alterations of Ca2+-regulating proteins in the plasma membrane (ligand- and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, ion-motive ATPases, and glucose and glutamate transporters), endoplasmic reticulum (presenilin-1, Herp, and ryanodine and inositol triphosphate receptors), and mitochondria (electron transport chain proteins, Bcl-2 family members, and uncoupling proteins) are implicated in age-related neuronal dysfunction and disease. The adverse effects of aging on neuronal Ca2+ regulation are subject to modification by genetic (mutations in presenilins, alpha-synuclein, huntingtin, or Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase; apolipoprotein E isotype, etc.) and environmental (dietary energy intake, exercise, exposure to toxins, etc.) factors that may cause or affect the risk of neurodegenerative disease. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote or prevent disturbances in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis during aging may lead to novel approaches for therapeutic intervention in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and stroke.
Hybrid Calix[4]arenes via Ionic Hydrogenation and Transition-Metal-Mediated Processes (2009)

We report the first application of ionic hydrogenation for the synthesis of upper-rim urea- or carbamate-derived hybrid calix[4]arenes. Subsequent metal-mediated transformations using 4-iodophenylurea calixarenes afforded structurally unique 1,3-di(biaryl)-, 1,3-di(biarylalkyne)-, or 1,3-(biaryl)(biarylalkyne)-derived hybrid calixarenes.
Message tracking in SOAP-based Web services (2003)

As Web services become more prevalent, the nature of electronic transactions on the Internet changes from simple browser-to-business clicks to an orchestrated flow of messages between cross-enterprise services. Consequently, more than one service could participate in the federated execution of a single transaction. In such cases, the problem of end-to-end management becomes very important. The inherent cross-enterprise or distributed nature of the problem, security of information exchanged, and the complexity in correlating related messages into a single transaction make this problem challenging. We present an approach to track and correlate messages between Web services that are part of a single transaction. We do this by proposing management information exchange agreements between service providers, and a distributed message tracking algorithm that is executed within each service provider. We also explain the techniques for realizing our solution in the case of Web services that communicate using the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP).
Emetic action of staphylococcal enterotoxin A on weanling pigs (1982)

Peroral and intraduodenal administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) to weanling pigs elicited an emetic response. Peroral administration of an emetic dose of SEA resulted in a single emetic episode occurring 90 to 180 min after dosing. Intraduodenal administration via a surgically implanted catheter of 100 or 150 micrograms of SEA resulted in multiple emetic episodes occurring 150 to 210 min after dosing, suggesting an intestinal site of action for SEA. The 50% emetic dose for perorally administered SEA was between 40 and 50 micrograms for 4.1- to 9.1-kg weanling pigs and 20 micrograms in 0.9- to 2.3-kg weanling pigs. Neurobehavioral responses, including alternating periods of drowsiness and restlessness, staggering, temporary loss of the righting reflex, and refusal to feed were also observed in pigs given an oral dose of SEA. Based on the demonstrated responsiveness of pigs to SEA, pigs should be considered suitable animal models for studies on the sites and mode of action of the toxin.
Peripheral blood fibrocytes: novel fibroblast-like cells that present antigen and mediate tissue repair (1997)

Conference Article| May 01 1997 Peripheral blood fibrocytes: novel fibroblast-like cells that present antigen and mediate tissue repair J. Chesney; J. Chesney 1The Picower Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Manhasset, NY 11030, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. Bucala R. Bucala * *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (2): 520–524. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250520 Article history Received: November 04 1996 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. Chesney, R. Bucala; Peripheral blood fibrocytes: novel fibroblast-like cells that present antigen and mediate tissue repair. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1997; 25 (2): 520–524. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250520 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: APC, antigen-presenting cell, TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1, M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, MIP, macro-phage-inflammatory protein, IL, interleukin, TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Phase I study of multiple dose intramuscularly administered recombinant gamma interferon. (1986)

We report the results of a phase I study of the tolerance and biologic activity of intramuscularly (IM)-administered recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma). Forty-four patients with metastatic cancer were given rIFN-gamma at doses ranging from 0.01 to 2.5 mg/m2/d for 42 days. The most common side effects were fever, flulike symptoms, night sweats, and granulocytopenia. The maximum tolerated dose was 0.5 mg/m2/d. Administration of rIFN-gamma resulted in modulation of immune system functions, including induction of major histocompatibility complex-associated antigens on blood leukocytes, an increase in blood surface immunoglobulin-bearing B cell and natural killer (NK) cell number, and NK cell cytotoxicity. Serum lysozyme, determined as an estimate of tissue macrophage activity, also increased. Serum assays for anti-interferon antibodies were negative in all patients. Five of eight evaluable patients with lymphoproliferative disorders showed objective evidence of tumor regression consisting of partial responses (two patients), and minor responses (three patients). These data suggest that further phase II studies of IM-administered rIFN-gamma are indicated.
Aspartate: 2-Oxoglutarate Aminotransferase from Bakers' Yeast: Crystallization and Characterization1 (1982)

Aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.1] was purified and crystallized from bakers' yeast. The crystalline preparation gave a single band on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, in the absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the preparation gave one major band with two faint bands, all of which showed the same specific activity, molecular weight and serological properties. These faint bands appeared to be modified forms produced from the major band during the purification. The enzyme showed a molecular weight of 90,000 +/- 8,000 and 92,000 +/- 8,000 by gel filtration and sedimentation equilibrium analysis, respectively. The molecular weight of a subunit was estimated to be 45,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate slab gel electrophoresis. Each subunit bound approximately 1 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate showed an absorption maximum at 360 nm (epsilon M: 11,500) and 430 nm (epsilon M: 8,200) in alkaline and acidic conditions, respectively. Its proteolytic pK was pH 6.3. The enzyme showed an optimum pH of 8.0-9.0, and fairly high amino donor and acceptor specificities; aromatic amino acids and their corresponding 2-oxoacids were catalyzed at rates of 0.2-0.8% of those for aspartate and oxalacetate, respectively. Michaelis constants for various substrate were: L-aspartate (0.11 mM), L-glutamate (20.0 mM), oxalacetate (0.006 mM), and 2-oxoglutarate (0.16 mM). The antiserum against yeast aspartate aminotransferase did not form precipitin bands with homogeneous aspartate aminotransferases from pig heart cytosol, pig heart mitochondria or Escherichia coli B.
Low Temperature Copper to Copper Direct Bonding (1998)

We have observed that it is possible to direct bond copper to copper at low temperature. For sputtered Cu surface on silicon wafer without any further surface planarization, we determined that 100°C temperature and uniform pressure (10 7 N/m 2 ) condition for three hours can produce a very strong Cu–Cu bond. A straight-pull test is completed and the results revealed that an adhesion promoter layer is required at the copper-silicon interface.
Collagen XVII/BP180: a collagenous transmembrane protein and component of the dermoepidermal anchoring complex (2005)

Collagen XVII, or BP180, is a collagenous transmembrane protein and a structural component of the dermoepidermal anchoring complex. Molecular studies reveal that it has a globular cytosolic amino-terminal domain and flexible-rod extracellular carboxyterminal domain. The extracellular portion of collagen XVII is constitutively shed from the cell surface by ADAMs (proteinases that contain adhesive and metalloprotease domains). Cell biological analyses suggest that collagen XVII functions as a cell-matrix adhesion molecule through stabilization of the hemidesmosome complex. This concept is supported by investigations into human diseases of the dermoepidermal junction, in which collagen XVII is either genetically defective or absent (as in some forms of nonlethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa). Autoantibodies against collagen XVII (BP180) are seen in bullous pemphigoid, pemphigoid gestationis, mucous membrane pemphigoid, linear IgA disease, lichen planus pemphigoides and pemphigoid nodularis. In vivo and in vitro studies provide evidence for a pathogenic role of these autoantibodies, and suggest that the serum level and epitope specificity of these antibodies influences disease severity and phenotype. This review summarizes the structural and biological features of collagen XVII and its role in diseases of the basement membrane zone.
Miniaturized flexible amperometric lactate probe (1993)

A flexible lactate electrode was made of 400 +/- 100 7-micron-diameter carbon fibers, epoxy embedded in a 0.3-mm-diameter polyimide tubing. The electrode was modified by precipitating on it the relatively insoluble complex formed between 1100 kDa partially N-ethylamine quaternized poly[(vinylpyridine)-Os(bipyridine)2Cl]Cl (POs-EA) and lactate oxidase. The steady-state lactate electrooxidation current, at 2 mM lactate concentration and at 22 degrees C, was 400 nA. The 50 +/- 10 microAc cm-2 current density and the 20 mA cm-2 M-1 sensitivity decreased only by 5% when the partial pressure of oxygen was increased from 0.0 to 0.2 atm. The electrode retains its sensitivity after dry storage at 4 degrees C for 4 months in air but loses half of its sensitivity in 7 h at 37 degrees C through polymer desorption when operated at 0.4 V (SCE). To eliminate interference by species that are electrooxidized at 0.4 V (SCE), the lactate-sensing probe was (a) electrically insulated with an epoxy made of poly(vinylimidazole) cross-linked with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and (b) coated with an immobilized horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/glucose oxidase (GOX) film. The latter film was formed by coimmobilizing the two enzymes through periodate oxidation of their oligosaccharides to aldehydes and forming Schiff bases between the polyaldehydes and the enzymes' lysyl amines. In the presence of 1 mM glucose and in air, the interfering electrooxidation of 0.1 mM ascorbate was reduced by a factor of 20. This reduction results from formation of hydrogen peroxide in the glucose-catalyzed reaction and H2O2 oxidation of the ascorbate in a reaction catalyzed by HRP.
Nonideal Sampling and Regularization Theory (2008)

Shannon's sampling theory and its variants provide effective solutions to the problem of reconstructing a signal from its samples in some "shift-invariant" space, which may or may not be bandlimited. In this paper, we present some further justification for this type of representation, while addressing the issue of the specification of the best reconstruction space. We consider a realistic setting where a multidimensional signal is prefiltered prior to sampling, and the samples are corrupted by additive noise. We adopt a variational approach to the reconstruction problem and minimize a data fidelity term subject to a Tikhonov-like (continuous domain) L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -regularization to obtain the continuous-space solution. We present theoretical justification for the minimization of this cost functional and show that the globally minimal continuous-space solution belongs to a shift-invariant space generated by a function (generalized B-spline) that is generally not bandlimited. When the sampling is ideal, we recover some of the classical smoothing spline estimators. The optimal reconstruction space is characterized by a condition that links the generating function to the regularization operator and implies the existence of a B-spline-like basis. To make the scheme practical, we specify the generating functions corresponding to the most popular families of regularization operators (derivatives, iterated Laplacian), as well as a new, generalized one that leads to a new brand of Matern splines. We conclude the paper by proposing a stochastic interpretation of the reconstruction algorithm and establishing an equivalence with the minimax and minimum mean square error (MMSE/Wiener) solutions of the generalized sampling problem.
Carbynes: Carriers of Primordial Noble Gases in Meteorites (1980)

Five carbynes (triply bonded allotropes of carbon) have been found by electron diffraction in the Allende and Murchison carbonaceous chondrites: carbon VI, VIII, X, XI, and (tentatively) XII. From the isotopic composition of the associated noble-gas components, it appears that the carbynes in Allende (C3V chondrite) are local condensates from the solar nebula, whereas at least two carbynes in Murchison (C2 chondrite) are of exotic, presolar origin. They may be dust grains that condensed in stellar envelopes and trapped isotopically anomalous matter from stellar nucleosynthesis.
Segmentation of nerve bundles and ganglia in spine MRI using particle filters (2011)

Abstract. Automatic segmentation of spinal nerve bundles that originate within the dural sac and exit the spinal canal is important for diagnosis and surgical planning. The variability in intensity, contrast, shape and direction of nerves seen in high resolution myelographic MR images makes segmentation a challenging task. In this paper, we present an automatic tracking method for nerve segmentation based on particle filters. We develop a novel approach to particle representation and dynamics, based on Bézier splines. Moreover, we introduce a robust image likelihood model that enables delineation of nerve bundles and ganglia from the surrounding anatomical structures. We demonstrate accurate and fast nerve tracking and compare it to expert manual segmentation.
The relationship between myocardial extracellular matrix remodeling and ventricular function☆ (2006)

Elevations in myocardial stress initiate structural remodeling of the heart in an attempt to normalize the imposed stress. This remodeling consists of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and changes in the amount of collagen, collagen phenotype and collagen cross-linking. Since fibrillar collagen is a relatively stiff material, a decrease in collagen can result in a more compliant ventricle while an increase in collagen or collagen cross-linking results in a stiffer ventricle. If continued elevations in wall stress exceed the ability of the heart to compensate, then the ventricular wall thickness is disproportionately reduced compared to chamber volume and diastolic and systolic dysfunction ensues. This review describes the structural organization of collagen within the myocardium, discusses its effect on ventricular function and considers whether therapy aimed at reducing fibrosis is efficacious in heart failure. The evidence indicates that chamber stiffness can clearly be affected by alterations in both collagen quantity and quality, with the effect of changes in collagen concentration being modified by the extent of collagen cross-linking. The limited evidence available regarding the effects of collagen on systolic function indicates that pharmacological attempts to reduce interstitial collagen have a negative impact. Accordingly, a shift in treatment strategies directed more specifically at affecting collagen cross-linking, rather than reducing the concentration of collagen, may be warranted in the prevention of the adverse impact of collagen alterations on myocardial remodeling.
Enhanced Ca 2+ -Sensing Receptor Function in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2012)

The extracellular Ca(2+)-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](cyt) due to upregulated CaSR is a novel pathogenic mechanism contributing to the augmented Ca(2+) influx and excessive PASMC proliferation in patients and animals with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Novel Water-Soluble β-Cyclodextrin−Calix[4]arene Couples as Fluorescent Sensor Molecules for the Detection of Neutral Analytes (1998)

The synthesis and the host−guest chemistry of two novel fluorescent β-cyclodextrin−calix[4]arene couples 1 and 2 is described. The compounds were prepared by coupling a β-cyclodextrin linked with an aminoxylyl spacer with two different calix[4]arene building blocks each bearing a fluorophore. The fluorophores attached to 1 and 2 are the 2-naphthylamine and the dansyl moiety, respectively. The unsymmetric calix[4]arene functionalization was achieved by monoprotection of the 1,3-diformylcalix[4]arene. The host molecules 1 and 2 were used as fluorescent probes for several organic analytes in aqueous solution. 1 shows sensitivity for a series of neutral organic guest species, such as steroids, terpenes, and other natural products. In contrast, compound 2 does not show sensitivity for organic analytes in aqueous solution. The different behavior of the two fluorescent probes 1 and 2 is explained by the different strength of self-inclusion of each fluorphoric group into the β-cyclodextrin cavity.
Mechanisms of chaperone suppression of polyglutamine disease: selectivity, synergy and modulation of protein solubility in Drosophila (2000)

At least eight dominant human neurodegenerative diseases are due to the expansion of a polyglutamine within the disease proteins. This confers toxicity on the proteins and is associated with nuclear inclusion formation. Recent findings indicate that molecular chaperones can modulate polyglutamine pathogenesis, but the basis of polyglutamine toxicity and the mechanism by which chaperones suppress neurodegeneration remains unknown. In a Drosophila: disease model, we demonstrate that chaperones show substrate specificity for polyglutamine protein, as well as synergy in suppression of neurotoxicity. Our analysis also reveals that chaperones alter the solubility properties of the protein, indicating that chaperone modulation of neurodegeneration in vivo is associated with altered biochemical properties of the mutant polyglutamine protein. These findings have implications for these and other human neurodegenerative diseases associated with abnormal protein aggregation.
Caspase-11 Protects Against Bacteria That Escape the Vacuole (2013)

Caspases are either apoptotic or inflammatory. Among inflammatory caspases, caspase-1 and -11 trigger pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death. Whereas both can be detrimental in inflammatory disease, only caspase-1 has an established protective role during infection. Here, we report that caspase-11 is required for innate immunity to cytosolic, but not vacuolar, bacteria. Although Salmonella typhimurium and Legionella pneumophila normally reside in the vacuole, specific mutants (sifA and sdhA, respectively) aberrantly enter the cytosol. These mutants triggered caspase-11, which enhanced clearance of S. typhimurium sifA in vivo. This response did not require NLRP3, NLRC4, or ASC inflammasome pathways. Burkholderia species that naturally invade the cytosol also triggered caspase-11, which protected mice from lethal challenge with B. thailandensis and B. pseudomallei. Thus, caspase-11 is critical for surviving exposure to ubiquitous environmental pathogens.
Tunable terahertz wave generation through a bimodal laser diode and plasmonic photomixer (2015)

We demonstrate a compact, robust, and stable terahertz source based on a novel two section digital distributed feedback laser diode and plasmonic photomixer. Terahertz wave generation is achieved through difference frequency generation by pumping the plasmonic photomixer with two output optical beams of the two section digital distributed feedback laser diode. The laser is designed to offer an adjustable terahertz frequency difference between the emitted wavelengths by varying the applied currents to the laser sections. The plasmonic photomixer is comprised of an ultrafast photoconductor with plasmonic contact electrodes integrated with a logarithmic spiral antenna. We demonstrate terahertz wave generation with 0.15-3 THz frequency tunability, 2 MHz linewidth, and less than 5 MHz frequency stability over 1 minute, at useful power levels for practical imaging and sensing applications.
Bacillus subtilis spoIIIE Protein Required for DNA Segregation During Asymmetric Cell Division (1994)

Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis begins with an asymmetric cell division, producing a smaller prespore and a larger mother cell, both of which contain intact copies of the chromosome. The spoIIIE gene is required for chromosome segregation into the prespore compartment. The effects of the spoIIIE36 mutation on sigma F-dependent transcription are an indirect consequence of the failure of certain genes to enter the cellular compartment in which their transcription factor has become active. SpoIIIE may also be required to prevent sigma F from becoming active in the mother cell.