gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent chemosensors of carbohydrates. A means of chemically communicating the binding of polyols in water based on chelation-enhanced quenching (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescent chemosensors of carbohydrates. A means of chemically communicating the binding of polyols in water based on chelation-enhanced quenchingJuyoung Yoon and Anthony W. CzarnikCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 14, 5874–5875Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00040a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00040a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2959Altmetric-Citations397LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
In vivo Fate of Repeat-Unit-Radiolabelled Poly(β-malic acid), a Potential Drug Carrier (1992)

In order to compare the fates of end-chain-radiolabelled and repeat-unit-radiolabelled poly(β-malic acid)s after intravenous injection in mice, repeat-unit 14 C-radiolabelling of this biodegradable water-soluble poly carboxylic acid polymer was achieved starting from 14 C-aspartic acid. The ac tivity of the resulting radioactive poly(β-malic acid) (sodium salt) ( Mw ∼ 20,000 as determined by aqueous SEC) was 4.5 μCi·g -1 . Aliquots of a neutral 0.3 monoM (4.14% w/v) solution of poly(β-malic acid) (sodium salt) were given intravenously to mice through a lateral tail vein. Intravenous and intra peritoneal toxicity was checked in order to show whether injection of this polymer can affect significantly the normal behavior of experimental animals. Radioactivity was counted in liver, kidney, intestine, lung, brain, spleen, heart, muscle, urine and blood for various post-injection times up to 24 h. Data con firmed the occurrence of predominant and fast urinary excretion (70% after 1 h) already observed with the end-chain-radiolabelled homologue. Although the polymer is basically metabolizable, the fast elimination of radioactivity via urinary tract is most likely to be due to the excretion of polymeric molecules and not of metabolic by-products because end-chain- and repeat-unit-labellings led to similar excretion patterns.
A Steady-Hand Robotic System for Microsurgical Augmentation (1999)

This paper reports the development of a robotic system designed to extend a human’s ability to perform small-scale (sub-millimeter) manipulation tasks requiring human judgment, sensory integration, and hand-eye coordination. Our novel approach, which we call steady-hand micromanipulation, is for tools to be held simultaneously both by the operator’s hand and a specially designed actively controlled robot arm. The robot’s controller senses forces exerted by the operator on the tool and by the tool on the environment, and uses this information in various control modes to provide smooth, tremor-free, precise positional control and force scaling. Our goal is to develop a manipulation system with the precision and sensitivity of a machine, but with the manipulative transparency and immediacy of hand-held tools for tasks characterized by compliant or semi-rigid contacts with the environment.
Neutralizing and other antiviral antibodies in HIV-1 infection and vaccination (2007)

Recent developments strengthen the rationale for antibody-based HIV-1 vaccine immunogens and provide a stronger foundation for vaccine discovery.
Long-term safety and efficacy of pomalidomide (POM) with or without low-dose dexamethasone (LoDEX) in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients enrolled in the MM-002 phase II trial. (2013)

8588 Background: MM-002 is a randomized, open-label, multicenter phase II trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of POM with or without LoDEX in advanced RRMM pts. Methods: Pts who had received ≥ 2 prior therapies, including lenalidomide (LEN) and bortezomib (BORT), and were refractory to their last treatment were randomized to POM+LoDEX (POM 4 mg/day, days 1–21 of a 28-day cycle; LoDEX 40 mg/week) or POM alone. End points included progression-free survival (PFS), response rate (according to EBMT criteria and investigator assessment), response duration, overall survival (OS), and safety. The efficacy outcomes are based on the intent-to-treat population (POM+LoDEX, n = 113; POM, n = 108). Results: The median number of prior therapies in each group was 5 (range 1–13). In the POM+LoDEX arm, 30 (27%) pts had high-risk cytogenetics, including del(17p13) and/or t(4p16/14q32). The overall response rate (≥ partial response) was 34% and 15% with POM+LoDEX and POM, respectively, with a median duration of 8.3 (95% CI: 5.8–10.1) and 8.8 (95% CI: 5.5–11.4) mos, respectively. At least minimal response was observed in 45% and 31% of pts, respectively. Median PFS was 4.6 (95% CI: 3.6–5.5) and 2.6 (95% CI: 1.9–2.8) mos with POM+LoDEX and POM, respectively, with a median follow-up of 16.0 and 12.2 mos. Median OS was 16.5 (95% CI: 12.4–18.5) and 13.6 (95% CI: 9.6–18.1) mos, respectively. The most common treatment emergent Gr 3/4 adverse events (AEs) reported in the safety population (n = 219) were neutropenia (44%), anemia (23%), thrombocytopenia (21%), and pneumonia (18%); there were no reports of Gr 3/4 peripheral neuropathy. The incidence of deep-vein thrombosis was low (2%). AEs were managed through dose reductions or interruptions, and supportive care with G-CSF (52%), RBC transfusions (47%), and platelet transfusions (17%). Discontinuations due to AEs were 10%. Conclusions: POM with or without LoDEX is clinically effective and generally well tolerated in RRMM pts who have received multiple prior treatments, including LEN and BORT. AEs were predictable and manageable. Updated data will be presented at the meeting. Clinical trial information: NCT00833833.
Chromosome Manipulation by Cre‐loxRecombination (2007)

Spaital and temporal regulation of Cre activity has led to the development of conditional somatic mutagenesis strategies that allow more precise determination of gene function in metazoans and plants. These strategies have been rapidly and widely adopted, particularly in the study of gene-modified and transgenic mice. In addition, Cre's modest biochemical requirements have led to the adoption of Cre for use in a variety of other DNA manipulation strategies both in vitro and in vivo. The molecular genetics of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is extraordinarily well developed, particularly in comparison with other eukaryotes. The genetic approach to mapping the spatial organization of the genome in the nucleus promises to provide important insights into the role of chromosome disposition in DNA repair and gene expression. The first successful approach to achieving the on/off expression control needed for inducible recombination-mediated gene ablation in mice was the use of the interferon-inducible Mx promoter to drive cre expression. A second strategy for regulating cre expression in mice is based on the successful adaptations of the prokaryotic tetracycline repressor operator system to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. Precise engineering of individual chromosomes themselves, with production of defined chromosomal inversions, deletions, and duplications, is now possible using Cre recombinase. Advances in the genetic manipulation of model organisms have consistently led to deeper appreciation and understanding of their basic biology and to insights into the etiology of human disease.
The Sucrose Synthase Gene Is Predominantly Expressed in the Root Nodule Tissue ofVicia faba (1993)

To analyze nodule-specific gene expression in broadbean, we have isolated and sequenced sucrose synthase (SUCS) cDNAs from a broadbean nodule-specific cDNA library. The most 5' sequences identified from these partial cDNAs were used as a molecular probe to isolate a full-length sucrose synthase transcript sequence from a cDNA library derived from broadbean nodule mRNA. This cDNA (VfSUCS) contained a reading frame of 2,418 bp, coding for a protein of 806 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 92.5 kDa. The DNA as well as the deduced amino acid sequence displayed substantial homologies (68-95%) to other plant SUCS sequences. Northern and RNA dot blot experiments demonstrated that this gene is strongly expressed in the broadbean nodule tissue. An at least 10-fold lower VfSUCS expression could be detected in the uninfected root, hypocotyl, stem, and flower tissues of broadbean, whereas only traces of VfSUCS transcripts were recognizable in the broadbean leaf tissues. VfSUCS transcripts could not be detected in mature seeds of broadbean. Because of this significantly nodule-amplified type of expression, we refer to VfSUCS as a nodulin gene and propose to designate it VfNOD93 (Nuf-93) for the sucrose synthase enzyme).
Prospective Multi-Institutional Study of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction for Molecular Staging of Melanoma (2006)

In this large, prospective, multi-institutional study, RT-PCR analysis on SLNs and PBMCs provides no additional prognostic information beyond standard histopathologic analysis of SLNs. Detection of more than one marker in PBMC is associated with a worse prognosis. RT-PCR remains investigational and should not be used to direct adjuvant therapy at this time.
Long-term absence of porcine endogenous retrovirus infection in chronically immunosuppressed patients after treatment with the porcine cell-based Academic Medical Center bioartificial liver (2010)

Up to 8.7 yr after exposure to treatment with porcine liver cell-based BAL, no PERV infection has been found in long-term immunosuppressed patients and in HCWs by a new highly sensitive and specific q-real-time PCR assay.
Combinatorial surrobody libraries (2008)

A unique type of combinatorial protein libraries has been constructed. These libraries are based on the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR). The pre-BCR is a protein that is produced during normal development of the antibody repertoire. Unlike that of canonical antibodies, the pre-BCR subunit is a trimer that is composed of an antibody heavy chain paired with two surrogate light chain (SLC) components. Combinatorial libraries based on these pre-BCR proteins in which diverse heavy chains are paired with a fixed SLC were expressed in mammalian, Escherichia coli, and phagemid systems. These libraries contain members that have nanomolar affinity for antigen. We term this type of antigen-binding protein a "surrobody" to distinguish it from the canonical antibody molecule.
Data-Centric Invocable Services: A Core Design Pattern for Building Scalable Distributed Real-Time Systems (2012)

Data-centric design is a powerful methodology for building interoperable, scalable, modular distributed systems and for integrating independently developed sub-systems. It decouples the application logic from the management of stateful data, application components both change and respond to changes in explicitly defined data. The models are discoverable and observable, and a data bus takes on the responsibility of distributing changes amongst the components. The OMG Data Distribution Service (DDS) standard for real-time systems provides such a bus. We show how to apply data-centric design to build both synchronous and asynchronous invocable services using the DDS standard. The approach is suitable for use in distributed real-time systems. It works well across disconnected and intermittent links. It is unique in offering fully discoverable and observable distributed service interactions.
Defects in the Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Antigen Processing Machinery in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Association with Clinical Outcome (2005)

Our results suggest that the analysis of APM component expression in HNSCC lesions can provide useful prognostic information in patients with HNSCC.
Aging Causes a Preferential Loss of Cholinergic Innervation of Characterized Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons (2002)

Aging is known to markedly affect the number and structural characteristics of both pre- and post-synaptic sites in the cerebral cortex. There is evidence that lamina V pyramidal neurons, and their basilar dendrites in particular, are affected by age-related decline. Furthermore, layer V is the area where the greatest overall age- related losses in the total population of synaptic boutons and of cholinergic boutons are observed. Since both pyramidal neurons and cortical cholinergic input are characteristically compromised in aging, we investigated whether aging altered the pattern of cholinergic boutons in apposition to the soma, proximal and distal basal dendrites of intracellularly labeled lamina V large pyramidal neurons in the parietal cortex of young and aged rats. We observed a significant age-related decrease in the population of both total and cholinergic boutons apposed to proximal and distal dendrites of layer V large pyramidal neurons. However, the age-related decreases of cholinergic presynaptic boutons were higher than those in the total bouton population apposed to the pyramidal neurons. The average decrease in cholinergic boutons in aged rats was 3.7-fold more pronounced than the diminution in the overall number of presynaptic boutons. Our results add important new evidence in support of the concept that the age-related learning and memory deficits are attributable, at least partially, to a decline in the functional integrity of the forebrain cholinergic systems.
Neuroprotection from secondary injury by polyethylene glycol requires its internalization (2007)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is well known to both fuse and repair cell membranes. This capability has been exploited for such diverse usages as the construction of hybridomas and as a reparative agent following neurotrauma. The latter development has proceeded through preclinical testing in cases of naturally induced paraplegia in dogs. The mechanisms of action of polymer-mediated neurorepair/neuroprotection are still under investigation. It is likely that the unique interaction of hydrophilic polymers with the mechanical properties of cell membranes in concert with an ability to interfere with mechanisms of secondary injury such as the production of highly reactive oxygen species (ROS or ;free radicals') is the basis for neuroprotection by polymers. Here we provide further evidence that the ability of PEG to reduce or limit secondary injury and/or lipid peroxidation (LPO) of membranes requires entry of PEG into the cytosol, further suggesting a physical interaction with the membranes of organelles such as mitochondria as the initial event leading to neurorepair/neuroprotection. We have evaluated this relationship in vitro using acrolein, a potent endogenous toxin that is a product of LPO. Acrolein can pass through cell membranes with ease, inducing progressive LPO in ;bystander' cells, and the production of even more acrolein by inducing its own production. Immediate application of PEG (10 mmol l(-1), 2000 Da) to poisoned neurons in vitro was unable to rescue them from necrosis and death. Furthermore, three-dimensional confocal microscopy of fluorescently decorated PEG shows that it does not enter these cells for up to 2 h after application. By this time the mechanisms of necrosis are likely irreversible. Additionally, severe oxygen and or glucose deprivation of spinal cord white matter in vitro also initiates LPO. Addition of potent free radical scavengers such as ascorbic acid or superoxide dismutase (SOD) is able to interfere with this process, but PEG is not. Taken together, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that PEG is able to rescue mechanically damaged cells, based on a restructuring of the damaged plasmalemma. Furthermore, in compromised cells with an intact cell membrane, PEG must first gain access to the cytosol where this same capability may be useful in restoring the integrity of cellular organelles such as mitochondria, though the intracellular concentration of the polymer must be significant relative to the concentration of toxins produced by LPO in order to rescue the cell.
Immunological properties of recombinant classical swine fever virus NS3 protein in vitro and in vivo (2005)

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of pigs characterised by fever, severe leukopenia and haemorrhages. With vaccines having an importance in disease control, studies are seeking improved protein-based subunit vaccine against the virus (CSFV). In this respect, recombinant viral NS3 protein was analysed for its immunopotentiating capacity, particularly in terms of cytotoxic immune responses. NS3 was effective at inducing in vitro responses, quantified by lymphoproliferation, IFN-gamma ELISPOT, flow cytometric detection of activated T cell subsets, and cytotoxic T cell assays. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CSFV-immune pigs could be stimulated, but not cells from naïve animals. In addition to the IFN-gamma responses, induction of both CD4+ T helper cell and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTL) were discernible--activation of the latter was confirmed in a virus-specific cytolytic assay. Attempts were made to translate this to the in vivo situation, by vaccinating pigs with an E2/NS3-based vaccine compared with an E2 subunit vaccine. Both vaccines were similar in their abilities to stimulate specific immune responses and protect pigs against lethal CSFV infection. Although the E2/NS3 vaccine appeared to have an advantage in terms of antibody induction, this was not statistically significant when group studies were performed. It was also difficult to visualise the NS3 capacity to promote T-cell responses in vivo. These results show that NS3 has potential for promoting cytotoxic defences, but the formulation of the vaccine requires optimisation for ensuring that NS3 is correctly delivered to antigen presenting cells for efficient activation of CTL.
Adeno‐associated virus‐mediated colonic secretory expression of HMGB1 A box attenuates experimental colitis in mice (2016)

Intracolonic application of AAV-HMGB1 A box is effective in alleviating murine colitis and has therapeutic potential in human IBDs.
Identification and characterization of a human tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase related to the ADAR family of pre-mRNA editing enzymes (1999)

The mammalian adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) constitute a family of sequence-related proteins involved in pre-mRNA editing of nuclear transcripts through site-specific adenosine modification. We report here the identification and characterization of a human ADAR protein, hADAT1, that specifically deaminates adenosine 37 to inosine in eukaryotic tRNA(Ala). It represents the functional homologue of the recently identified yeast protein Tad1p [Gerber, A., Grosjean, H., Melcher, T. & Keller, W. (1998) EMBO J. 17, 4780-4789]. The hADAT1 cDNA predicts a protein of 502 aa whose sequence displays strongest overall homology to a Drosophila melanogaster ORF (50% similarity, 32% identity), and the catalytic domain is closely related to the other ADAR proteins. In vitro, the recombinantly expressed and purified hADAT1 protein efficiently and specifically deaminates A(37) in the anticodon loop of tRNA(Ala) from higher eukaryotes and with lower efficiency from lower eukaryotes. It does not modify adenosines residing in double-stranded RNA or in pre-mRNAs that serve as substrates for ADAR1 or ADAR2. The anticodon stem-loop of tRNA(Ala) alone is not a functional substrate for hADAT1. The enzyme is expressed ubiquitously in human tissues and is represented by a single gene. The identification and cloning of hADAT1 should help to elucidate the physiological significance of this unique modification in tRNA(Ala), which is conserved from yeast to man.
Field emitter array mask patterning using laser interference lithography (1995)

We have fabricated uniform arrays of 120-nm-diam dot masks on 300 nm centers using laser interference lithography. Chrome, cobalt, nickel, and germanium dot arrays have been fabricated. The density of these arrays is ≳109 dots/cm2. The standard deviation of the average dot diameter is 7.4% over a 5-cm-diam silicon substrate. The center-to-center spacing of the dot mask is determined by the laser wavelength and interference angle. Some control over the dot diameter is possible by varying the angle of the substrate during the metal deposition prior to liftoff. We have used a reactive ion etch with these metal dot masks to form single crystal silicon pedestals demonstrating that these structures are suitable for self-aligned gated field emitter array fabrication.
Reporting results of cancer treatment (1981)

On the initiative of the World Health Organization, two meetings on the Standardization of Reporting Results of Cancer Treatment have been held with representatives and members of several organizations. Recommendations have been developed for standardized approaches to the recording of baseline data relating to the patient, the tumor, laboratory and radiologic data, the reporting of treatment, grading of acute and subacute toxicity, reporting of response, recurrence and disease-free interval, and reporting results of therapy. These recommendations, already endorsed by a number of organizations, are proposed for international acceptance and use to make it possible for investigators to compare validly their results with those of others.
Dissection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry with Neutralizing Antibodies to gp41 Fusion Intermediates (2002)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry requires conformational changes in the transmembrane subunit (gp41) of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) involving transient fusion intermediates that contain exposed coiled-coil (prehairpin) and six-helix bundle structures. We investigated the HIV-1 entry mechanism and the potential of antibodies targeting fusion intermediates to block Env-mediated membrane fusion. Suboptimal temperature (31.5 degrees C) was used to prolong fusion intermediates as monitored by confocal microscopy. After transfer to 37 degrees C, these fusion intermediates progressed to syncytium formation with enhanced kinetics compared with effector-target (E/T) cell mixtures that were incubated only at 37 degrees C. gp41 peptides DP-178, DP-107, and IQN17 blocked fusion more efficiently (5- to 10-fold-lower 50% inhibitory dose values) when added to E/T cells at the suboptimal temperature prior to transfer to 37 degrees C. Rabbit antibodies against peptides modeling the N-heptad repeat or the six-helix bundle of gp41 blocked fusion and viral infection at 37 degrees C only if preincubated with E/T cells at the suboptimal temperature. Similar fusion inhibition was observed with human six-helix bundle-specific monoclonal antibodies. Our data demonstrate that antibodies targeting gp41 fusion intermediates are able to bind to gp41 and arrest fusion. They also indicate that six-helix bundles can form prior to fusion and that the lag time before fusion occurs may include the time needed to accumulate preformed six-helix bundles at the fusion site.