gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Sweetpotato Whitefly-Mediated Silverleaf Syndrome and Associated Double-Stranded RNA in Squash (1992)

A 48-h feeding by 20 adult sweetpotato whiteflies (SPWF), Bemisia tabaci, resulted in 100% (63/63) of the squash (Cucurbita pepo Dixie) plants showing vein clearing and/or leaf silvering. No vein clearing and/or leaf silvering was apparent in squash plants exposed to SPWF for 8 h or less. The ability to mediate silverleaf symptoms was correlated with the density of SPWF. The percentage of plants that exhibited leaf silvering after 48-h feeding by 2, 5, 10, and 20 SPWF were 0, 13, 84, and 100%, respectively (...)
Secretases as therapeutic targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (2001)

The extracellular deposition of short amyloid peptides in the brain of patients is thought to be a central event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. The generation of the amyloid peptide occurs via a regulated cascade of cleavage events in its precursor protein, A beta PP. At least three enzymes are responsible for A beta PP proteolysis and have been tentatively named alpha-, beta- and gamma-secretases. The recent identification of several of these secretases is a major leap in the understanding how these secretases regulate amyloid peptide formation. Members of the ADAM family of metalloproteases are involved in the non-amyloidogenic alpha-secretase pathway. The amyloidogenic counterpart pathway is initiated by the recently cloned novel aspartate protease named BACE. The available data are conclusive and crown BACE as the long-sought beta-secretase. This enzyme is a prime candidate drug target for the development of therapy aiming to lower the amyloid burden in the disease. Finally, the gamma-secretases are intimately linked to the function of the presenilins. These multi-transmembrane domain proteins remain intriguing study objects. The hypothesis that the presenilins constitute a complete novel type of protease family, and are cleaving A beta PP within the transmembrane region, remains an issue of debate. Several questions remain unanswered and direct proof that they exert catalytic activity is still lacking. The subcellular localization of presenilins in neurons, their integration in functional multiprotein complexes and the recent identification of additional modulators of gamma-secretase, like nicastrin, indicate already that several players are involved. Nevertheless, the rapidly increasing knowledge in this area is already paving the road towards selective inhibitors of this secretase as well. It is hoped that such drugs, possibly in concert with the experimental vaccination therapies that are currently tested, will lead to a cure of this inexorable disease.
The Neural Basis of Mood-Congruent Processing Biases in Depression (2002)

These findings suggest a distinct neural substrate for mood-congruent processing biases in performance. The medial and orbital prefrontal regions may play a key role in mediating the interaction between mood and cognition in affective disorder.
<title>Information theoretic approach to sensor scheduling</title> (1996)

This paper demonstrates an approach to sensor scheduling and sensor management which effectively deals with the search/track decision problem. Every opportunity a sensor has to sense the environment equates to a certain amount of information which can be obtained about the state of the environment. A fundamental question is how to use this potential information to manage a suite of sensors while maximizing one's net knowledge about the state of the environment. The fundamental problem is whether to use one's resources to track targets already in track or to search for new ones. Inherent in this search/track problem is the further decision as to which sensor to use. A computer model has been developed that simulates a modest multiple sensor, multiple threat scenario. Target maneuvers are modeled using the Singer Model for manned maneuvering vehicles. Each sensor's capabilities and characteristics are captured in the model by converting their energy constraints to a probability of detecting a target as a function of range and field of view (beamwidth). The environment is represented by a probability distribution of a target being at a given location. As the environment is sensed and targets are detected, the environment's probability distribution is continually updated to reflect the new probability state of the environment. This probability state represents the system's best estimate about the location of all targets in track and the probable location of, as yet undetected, targets.
CSF antiretroviral drug penetrance and the treatment of HIV-associated psychomotor slowing (2001)

The authors evaluated whether highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with multiple CSF-penetrating drugs results in greater improvement in HIV-associated psychomotor slowing than HAART with a single CSF-penetrating drug. Both groups had improvement in CD4 count, plasma viral load, as well as two tests of psychomotor speed. Comparing the two groups, there were no differences in the mean change for CD4 count, viral load, or any of the neuropsychological tests. Multiple and single CSF-penetrating HAART may be equivalent for treating HIV-associated psychomotor slowing.
Preferential ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1-mediated Cholesterol Efflux from Late Endosomes/Lysosomes (2001)

Recently, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), the defective molecule in Tangier disease, has been shown to stimulate phospholipid and cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I); however, little is known concerning the cellular cholesterol pools that act as the source of cholesterol for ABCA1-mediated efflux. We observed a higher level of isotopic and mass cholesterol efflux from mouse peritoneal macrophages labeled with [(3)H]cholesterol/acetyl low density lipoprotein (where cholesterol accumulates in late endosomes and lysosomes) compared with cells labeled with [(3)H]cholesterol with 10% fetal bovine serum, suggesting that late endosomes/lysosomes act as a preferential source of cholesterol for ABCA1-mediated efflux. Consistent with this idea, macrophages from Niemann-Pick C1 mice that have an inability to exit cholesterol from late endosomes/lysosomes showed a profound defect in cholesterol efflux to apoA-I. In contrast, phospholipid efflux to apoA-I was normal in Niemann-Pick C1 macrophages, as was cholesterol efflux following plasma membrane cholesterol labeling. These results suggest that cholesterol deposited in late endosomes/lysosomes preferentially acts as a source of cholesterol for ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux.
Unravelling seams (2009)

Gesture recognition is emerging as an engaging interaction technique in mobile scenarios, and high recognition rates promote user acceptance. Several factors influence recognition rates including the nature of the gesture set and the suitability of the gesture recognition algorithm. This work explores how seamfulness in gesture stroke visualization affects recognition rates. We present the results of a user evaluation of a gesture recognition system that shows that raw (seamful) visualization of low-delity gesture stroke data has recognition rates comparable to no feedback. Providing filtered (seamless) stroke visualization to the user, while retaining the un-filtered input data for recognition, resulted in a 34.9% improvement in gesture recognition rate over raw stroke data. The results provide insights into the broader design space of seamful design, and identifies areas where seamlessness is advantageous.
Influenza Virus Assembly and Lipid Raft Microdomains: a Role for the Cytoplasmic Tails of the Spike Glycoproteins (2000)

Influenza viruses encoding hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins with deletions in one or both cytoplasmic tails (HAt- or NAt-) have a reduced association with detergent-insoluble glycolipids (DIGs). Mutations which eliminated various combinations of the three palmitoylation sites in HA exhibited reduced amounts of DIG-associated HA in virus-infected cells. The influenza virus matrix (M(1)) protein was also found to be associated with DIGs, but this association was decreased in cells infected with HAt- or NAt- virus. Regardless of the amount of DIG-associated protein, the HA and NA glycoproteins were targeted primarily to the apical surface of virus-infected, polarized cells. The uncoupling of DIG association and apical transport was augmented by the observation that the influenza A virus M(2) protein as well as the influenza C virus HA-esterase-fusion glycoprotein were not associated with DIGs but were apically targeted. The reduced DIG association of HAt- and NAt- is an intrinsic property of the glycoproteins, as similar reductions in DIG association were observed when the proteins were expressed from cDNA. Examination of purified virions indicated reduced amounts of DIG-associated lipids in the envelope of HAt- and NAt- viruses. The data indicate that deletion of both the HA and NA cytoplasmic tails results in reduced DIG association and changes in both virus polypeptide and lipid composition.
Bioenergetics of sulfur reduction in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (1993)

The bioenergetic role of the reduction of elemental sulfur (S0) in the hyperthermophilic archaeon (formerly archaebacterium) Pyrococcus furiosus was investigated with chemostat cultures with maltose as the limiting carbon source. The maximal yield coefficient was 99.8 g (dry weight) of cells (cdw) per mol of maltose in the presence of S0 but only 51.3 g (cdw) per mol of maltose if S0 was omitted. However, the corresponding maintenance coefficients were not found to be significantly different. The primary fermentation products detected were H2, CO2, and acetate, together with H2S, when S0 was also added to the growth medium. If H2S was summed with H2 to represent total reducing equivalents released during fermentation, the presence of S0 had no significant effect on the pattern of fermentation products. In addition, the presence of S0 did not significantly affect the specific activities in cell extracts of hydrogenase, sulfur reductase, alpha-glucosidase, or protease. These results suggest either that S0 reduction is an energy-conserving reaction, i.e., S0 respiration, or that S0 has a stimulatory effect on or helps overcome a process that is yield limiting. A modification of the Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathway has been proposed as the primary route of glucose catabolism in P. furiosus (S. Mukund and M. W. W. Adams, J. Biol. Chem. 266:14208-14216, 1991). Operation of this pathway should yield 4 mol of ATP per mol of maltose oxidized, from which one can calculate a value of 12.9 g (cdw) per mol of ATP for non-S0 growth. Comparison of this value to the yield data for growth in the presence of S0 reduction is equivalent to an ATP yield of 0.5 mol of ATP per mol of S0 reduced. Possible mechanism to account for this apparent energy conservation are discussed.
9-Benzyladenines:  Potent and Selective cAMP Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXT9-Benzyladenines: Potent and Selective cAMP Phosphodiesterase InhibitorsJean-Jacques Bourguignon, Laurent Désaubry, Pierre Raboisson, Camille-Georges Wermuth, and Claire LugnierView Author Information Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, UPR 421 du CNRS, Centre de Neurochimie, 5, rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, route du Rhin, BP 24, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, FranceCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 12, 1768–1770Publication Date (Web):June 6, 1997Publication History Received6 December 1996Published online6 June 1997Published inissue 1 June 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm960827xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm960827xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views529Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Adenine,Alkyls,Anatomy,Inhibitors,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
A New Chemically Modified Chimeric TNT-3 Monoclonal Antibody Directed Against DNA for the Radioimmunotherapy of Solid Tumors (1998)

In the last several years, our laboratory has developed a new approach to the radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors, designated Tumor Necrosis Treatment (TNT), that exploits the presence of degenerating and necrotic cells within tumors by utilizing MAbs directed against universal, intracellular antigens. The first TNT MAb developed by our laboratory, designated TNT-1, was directed against nucleosomal determinants consisting of histone H1 and DNA. Since absolute tumor accretion of MAb is a critical determinant of antitumor efficacy in radioimmunotherapy, we sought to identify new antinuclear antibodies that displayed high tumor localization properties. In the present study, we describe a murine antinuclear antibody, TNT-3, which demonstrates 3-fold higher tumor uptake than TNT-1. Because of this characteristic, a chimeric derivative designated chTNT-3 was developed and evaluated for antigen binding and tumor targeting. ELISA studies using a series of nuclear antigens confirmed that TNT-3 is directed against single-stranded DNA and does not cross react with TNT-1. Immunohistology reveals predominantly nuclear staining reactivity in human tissues and tumors. Since it was shown by our laboratory that charge modification can significantly improve the pharmacokinetic performance of monoclonal antibodies, chTNT-3 was chemically modified with biotin to generate an improved therapeutic reagent designated chTNT-3/B. Comparative studies with unmodified MAb demonstrated that biotinylation significantly shortened its clearance time in mice and produced lower normal tissue levels, while maintaining an equal amount of uptake in tumor xenografts for up to 10 days. These in vivo characteristics suggest that chTNT-3/B is an improved TNT reagent for the radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors.
Joints formed by RecA protein from oligonucleotides and duplex DNA block initiation and elongation of transcription (1992)

In the presence of the non-hydrolyzable analog of ATP, ATP gamma S, RecA protein can polymerize on an oligodeoxy-ribonucleotide to form a stable oligonucleoprotein filament that can find its homologous sequence in double-stranded DNA. The homologous joint formed by the oligonucleotide and duplex DNA is stable only if RecA protein is not removed. Such a nucleoprotein joint, covering a part or all of the promoter region of T3 or T7 phage RNA polymerase, blocked transcription directed by those polymerases. The same kind of joint, located downstream of the RNA polymerase promoter, also inhibited elongation of transcription and caused accumulation of truncated transcripts. These observations suggest that RecA protein can be used to shut off transcription from any promoter of known sequence.
New polymers by metallocene catalysis (1996)

Abstract Work in the field of application of metallocene‐based catalysis in olefin, diolefin and styrene polymerization has become a research topic of growing interest in recent years. A great number of symmetric and chiral zirconocenes have been synthesized, that give tailored polymers of totally different structures. Single site catalysts have the capability of permitting the user to control polymer tacticity, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution more efficiently. Beside the homopolymers of polyethylene and poly(propylene), new kinds of copolymers and elastomers can be synthesized.
Vibration-based methods for structural and machinery fault diagnosis based on nonlinear dynamics tools (2012)

This study explains and demonstrates the utilisation of different nonlinear-dynamics-based procedures for the purposes of structural health monitoring as well as for monitoring of robot joints.
Identification of Residues That Stabilize the Single-chain Fv of Monoclonal Antibodies B3 (1995)

B3(Fv)-PE38 is a recombinant single-chain immunotoxin in which the Fv portion of the B3 antibody in a single-chain form, which serves as the targeting moiety, is fused to PE38, a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A, which serves as the cytotoxic moiety. B3(Fv)-PE38 is specifically cytotoxic to many human cancer cell lines and is currently evaluated in a clinical trial. Monoclonal antibodies B3 (IgG1k) and B5 (IgMk) recognize related carbohydrate epitopes on human carcinoma cells. The Fv regions of these antibodies were previously cloned and expressed as the single-chain Fv-immunotoxins B3(Fv)-PE38 and B5(Fv)-PE38, respectively. The B3(Fv)-PE38 immunotoxin binds to antigen-positive cancer cells with a higher affinity than B5(Fv)-PE38 and is a more potent cytotoxic agent than B5(Fv)-PE38. However, it is less stable and rapidly aggregates upon incubation at 37 degrees C. The VL domains of the two Fvs are very similar, differing by only three residues, the fourth and seventh Fr1 residues and the fifth CDR1 residue. The VH domains of the two Fvs vary considerably. To investigate whether any of the different VL residues may influence the stability of the B3(Fv), we constructed a chimeric immunotoxin containing the B3VH and the B5VL. This chimera had an improved stability and a higher apparent antigen binding affinity and cytotoxic activity when compared with B3(Fv)-PE38. Site-specific mutagenesis was used to show that the VL M4L mutation has an important role in stabilizing B3(Fv), although residues VL Ser-7 and VL Ile-28 also play a role in the increased stability. When tested in an in vivo model system, the chimera containing the B3VH and the B5VL had an improved antitumor activity in a human xenograft mouse model. These studies indicate that the common use of degenerate ("family-specific") primers to clone Fv fragments may introduce destabilizing mutations.
A DNA Controlled-Release Coating for Gene Transfer: Transfection in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle (1998)

In this paper we report a novel technique of DNA-polymer coating for gene transfer. A proprietary DNA polymer solution was used for thin-layer coating on a chromic gut suture as a model study. The coated sutures were characterized for physical properties such as coating thickness, mass of the DNA deposited on the suture, surface characteristics as determined by scanning electron microscopy, and in vitro DNA release characteristics under simulated physiologic conditions. The in vivo gene transfection using DNA-coated sutures was demonstrated in rat skeletal muscle and in canine atrial myocardium. A heat-stable human placental alkaline phosphatase (AP) plasmid was used as a marker gene. Incisions of 1 to 1.5 cm were made in the rat skeletal muscles or the canine atrial myocardium. The sites were closed with either the DNA-coated sutures or control sutures. Two weeks after the surgery, the tissue samples adjacent to the suture lines were retrieved and analyzed for AP activity. The DNA-coated sutures demonstrated a sustained release of the DNA under in vitro conditions, with an approximately 84% cumulative DNA release occurring in 26 days. An agarose gel electrophoresis of the DNA samples released from the suture demonstrated two bands, with the lower band corresponding to the input DNA (supercoiled). It seems that there was a partial transformation of the DNA from a supercoiled to an open circular form due to the polymer coating. The tissue sites, which received the DNA-coated sutures, demonstrated a significantly higher AP activity compared with the tissue sites that received control sutures. In the rat studies, the mean AP activity (square root of cpm/microgram protein) was 43.6 +/- 3.3 vs 20.6 +/- 2.1 (p = 0.001) at the control sites. Similarly, in the canine studies, the AP activity was 73.6 +/- 7.4 Vs 21.6 +/- 1.4 (p = 0.0009) at the control sites. Thus, our studies demonstrated a successful gene transfer using our DNA-polymer coating technique. This technique could be useful for coating sutures used in vascular and general surgery, and also for coating medical devices, such as stents, catheters, or orthopedic devices, to achieve a site-specific gene delivery.
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) (1994)

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein which stimulates the survival,
Histones H2A/H2B inhibit the interaction of transcription factor IIIA with the Xenopus borealis somatic 5S RNA gene in a nucleosome. (1992)

A Xenopus borealis somatic 5S RNA gene was assembled with either the complete octamer of histones, (H2A/H2B/H3/H4)2, or the (H3/H4)2 tetramer of histones that comprises the central protein kernel of the nucleosome. Gel-mobility shifts, DNase I protection, and immunoblotting assays demonstrate that the class III transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) readily interacts with 5S DNA associated with the tetramer but that little or no binding is detected when 5S DNA is associated with the full octamer of histones. Thus, the presence of histones H2A and H2B in the 5S nucleosome significantly inhibits the interaction of TFIIIA with its cognate binding site within the 5S RNA gene. We propose that either the depletion of histones H2A and H2B from preexisting nucleosomes or the staged assembly of chromatin after replication in which a tetramer of histones H3/H4 associates with DNA before histones H2A/H2B will facilitate the binding of transcription factors to their cognate DNA sequences.
Identification of a membrane protein from T84 cells using antibodies made against a DIDS-binding peptide (1992)

The outwardly rectified chloride channel of secretory epithelial cells is inhibited by disulfonic stilbene (DS) compounds such as 4,4'-diisothiostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) [R. J. Bridges, R. T. Worrell, R. A. Frizzell, and D. J. Benos, Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Cell Physiol. 25): C902-C912, 1989]. A 13-amino acid peptide (P49) corresponding to the putative DS binding site region of the murine anion exchange protein was synthesized, and polyclonal antibodies were generated against it and then purified over a P49 affinity column. The resulting monospecific antibodies reacted on Western blots with a 95- to 100-kDa protein from human erythrocytes and a 55- to 60-kDa protein from the human colonic tumor cell line, T84. The reaction with T84 protein did not appear to represent recognition of an anion exchanger because anion efflux from T84 cells was independent of external Cl-. In addition, monoclonal antibodies raised against human band 3 recognized the band 3 protein in human red cell ghost preparations but recognized nothing in T84 cell membrane preparations. In T84 cells, DIDS protected the 60-kDa protein from antibody binding. The anti-P49 antibody blocked outwardly rectified Cl- channels incorporated into planar lipid bilayer membranes from rat colon. Immunocytochemical data reveal specific binding of the anti-P49 antibody to perinuclear cytoplasmic vesicles. Forskolin caused these antibody-labeled vesicles to migrate from the perinuclear region to the plasma membrane under conditions and with a time course identical to that seen for stimulation of Cl- transport in these cells. Our results suggest that the protein may be a part of a chloride channel complex of secretory epithelial cells.