gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic Adiponectin Malfunction as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease (2010)

Adiponectin (Ad) is an abundant protein hormone regulatory of numerous metabolic processes. The 30 kDa protein originates from adipose tissue, with full-length and globular domain circulatory forms. A collagenous domain within Ad leads to spontaneous self-assemblage into various oligomeric isoforms, including trimers, hexamers, and high-molecular-weight multimers. Two membrane-spanning receptors for Ad have been identified, with differing concentration distribution in various body tissues. The major intracellular pathway activated by Ad includes phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which is responsible for many of Ad's metabolic regulatory, anti-inflammatory, vascular protective, and anti-ischemic properties. Additionally, several AMP-activated protein kinase-independent mechanisms responsible for Ad's anti-inflammatory and anti-ischemic (resulting in cardioprotective) effects have also been discovered. Since its 1995 discovery, Ad has garnered considerable attention for its role in diabetic and cardiovascular pathology. Clinical observations have demonstrated the association of hypoadiponectinemia in patients with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. In this review, we elaborate currently known information about Ad malfunction and deficiency pertaining to cardiovascular disease risk (including atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiac injury), as well as review evidence supporting Ad resistance as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular injury, providing insight about the future of Ad research and the protein's potential therapeutic benefits.
Expression of multidrug-resistance P-glycoprotein (MDR1) in human brain tumors (2001)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is associated with the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent transporter which expels anti-cancer drugs from cells. In the present study, MDR1 P-gp was immunodetected by Western blot analysis in 60 human brain tumors, including meningiomas, schwannomas, low-grade gliomas (astrocytomas, pilocytic astrocytomas) and high-grade gliomas (anaplastic astrocytomas, glioblastomas and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas). Most samples from primary tumors expressed P-gp at the same levels as normal brain tissue except for schwannomas, in which levels were reduced by 65%, and meningiomas, in which levels were more than 10-fold higher in 7 of 10 samples. P-gp levels were 70% and 95% lower in brain metastases from melanomas and lung adenocarcinomas, respectively, than in normal brain tissue. These results indicate that the majority of primary brain tumors express MDR1 P-gp and that its high expression levels in meningiomas may be a marker for this type of brain tumor.
Are English-Language Pedometer Instructions Readable? (2010)

Pedometer instructions should be revised to meet the recommended 6th grade reading level. Paper size instructions are printed on should be enlarged, thereby allowing for larger text and illustrations, and additional white space. Recommended number of steps per day and proper pedometer positioning should also be predominantly highlighted.
Development of New Polymers with Better Performance under Conditions of High Temperature and High Salinity (2012)

Abstract It is estimated that about 7,000 billion barrels of oil will remain in reservoirs after production by conventional methods. This value is the target for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques. The purpose of the water-soluble polymers in EOR application is to enhance the rheological properties of the displacing fluids. These polymers have been successfully implemented in China’s oilfields. Given the harsh conditions present in most oil reservoirs, new problems and challenges arise with the use of such polymers. Currently partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HP AMs) are the major class of polymers used for chemical EOR application. However, due to the high flexibility of HP AM chain in aqueous solutions, particularly at high temperature (HT) and at high salinity (HS), the molecular chains begin to fold irreversibly resulting in a significant loss in viscosity. In this paper, we are reporting a bench-scale development of new PAM-based polymers with improved performance in HSHT conditions. The new polymers were evaluated conditions for their viscosity performance at various temperatures and salinities. The polymers were dissolved at different concentrations in brines with TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) of 34,655 ppm and 180,000 ppm. Viscosity measured at room temperature is in the range of 30 to 120 cP at the shear rate of 6 RPM. After aging at 90 °C and 120 °C for six months under ultralow oxygen level (&amp;lt; 5 ppb), viscosity remains relatively stable for some polymers while show a decline for others. Compared with the conventional HPAM polymers, these new polymers have much better stability at HTHS conditions.
Introduction (1999)

The words of Sartorius and his colleagues from the World Health Organization (WHO) highlight the enormity of the cost of mental disorder to the individual and to society. The question is, who should bear the burden of this cost? Until recently, it was assumed that it would fall mainly on the public purse as services were provided primarily within national health care systems. This is no longer the case, however, as governments throughout the Western world withdraw from the direct provision of health and welfare services and as perceptions of mental disorder change.KeywordsMental HealthMental DisorderMental Health ServicePersonality DisorderSubstance DependenceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Oligoclonal Expansion and CD1 Recognition by Human Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (1991)

A human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) T cell line was established from jejunum to characterize the structure and function of the alpha beta T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) expressed by this population. Single-sided polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification cloning and quantitative PCR amplification of the TCR chains from the cell line and from fresh IELs demonstrated that IELs were oligoclonal. The IEL T cell line exhibited CD1-specific cytotoxicity and a dominant IEL T cell clone was CD1c-specific. Thus, human jejunal intraepithelial lymphocytes are oligoclonal and recognize members of the CD1 gene family.
Depressive symptoms are associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha in systemic lupus erythematosus (2016)

Sera TNF-α levels are increased in SLE patients with mood and anxiety disorders. In SLE, sera TNF-α levels are independently associated with mood disorders. The etiology of mood disorders is still debated in SLE, but our findings suggest the presence of immunological basis for depression in SLE.
Surfactant-enhanced DNA accessibility to nuclease accelerates phenotypic β-lactam antibiotic susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2020)

Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) is critically needed to counter widespread antibiotic resistance. Detection of nucleic acids in genotypic AST can be rapid, but it has not been successful for β-lactams (the largest antibiotic class used to treat Ng). Rapid phenotypic AST for Ng is challenged by the pathogen's slow doubling time and the lack of methods to quickly quantify the pathogen's response to β-lactams. Here, we asked two questions: (1) Is it possible to use nucleic acid quantification to measure the β-lactam susceptibility phenotype of Ng very rapidly, using antibiotic-exposure times much shorter than the 1- to 2-h doubling time of Ng? (2) Would such short-term antibiotic exposures predict the antibiotic resistance profile of Ng measured by plate growth assays over multiple days? To answer these questions, we devised an innovative approach for performing a rapid phenotypic AST that measures DNA accessibility to exogenous nucleases after exposure to β-lactams (termed nuclease-accessibility AST [nuc-aAST]). We showed that DNA in antibiotic-susceptible cells has increased accessibility upon exposure to β-lactams and that a judiciously chosen surfactant permeabilized the outer membrane and enhanced this effect. We tested penicillin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone and found good agreement between the results of the nuc-aAST after 15-30 min of antibiotic exposure and the results of the gold-standard culture-based AST measured over days. These results provide a new pathway toward developing a critically needed phenotypic AST for Ng and additional global-health threats.
Polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in prostate cancer: A study from North India (2004)

Our study demonstrates that the null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 are substantially at higher risk for prostate carcinoma as compared to the normal healthy controls. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes did not show significant association with tobacco usage in prostate cancer patients. However, the null genotypes were significantly stratified in 50-60 year-old patients when incidence of prostate cancer is high.
Furans Substituted at the Three Position with Sulfur (1976)

During recent years the analysis of cooked meats and of model systems has been reported by numerous investigators; leading references include Wilson et al (1), Mussinan and Katz (2), Persson and von Sydow (3), Schutte (4), and van den Ouweland and Peer (5). We now report the isolation, identification and synthesis of two important meat flavor and aroma chemicals, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol (1) and bis (2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide (2). While preparing small batches (1000 g) of a processed meat flavor which consisted of a mixture of Lcysteine hydrochloride, thiamine chloride hydrochloride, hydrolyzed vegetable protein and water heated at reflux for four hours (6), it was noted that the condensate possessed an intense roasted aroma. The material responsible for the aroma proved to be extractable with methylene chloride but when the methylene chloride was removed, only a minute amount of material remained. In
αvβ6 integrin in wound healing and cancer of the oral cavity (2005)

Integrins are a family of heterodimeric cell surface receptors, which are expressed on most cells where they mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. The alphavbeta6 integrin is epithelial-specific and binds to the ECM proteins fibronectin, vitronectin and tenascin, and also to the latency associated peptide of TGF-beta. Unlike most epithelial integrins, alphavbeta6 is not expressed constitutively by healthy oral epithelia, but is up-regulated during tissue remodelling, including that accompanying wound healing and carcinogenesis. Although, the data at present have been generated principally from in vitro studies, there is increasing evidence to suggest that alphavbeta6 may promote carcinoma progression: alphavbeta6 has been shown to modulate invasion, inhibit apoptosis, regulate protease expression and activate TGF-beta1. This review examines the current literature, and discusses the possible role of alphavbeta6 in wound healing, and in the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Primary Isolation and Identification of Avian Rotaviruses from Turkeys Exhibiting Signs of Clinical Enteritis in a Continuous MA 104 Cell Line (1986)

Avian rotaviruses were isolated from turkeys with enteritis using MA 104 cell line. MA 104 cells were suitable for primary isolation and propagation of avian rotaviruses. Trypsin appeared essential for the enhancement of infectivity and the occurrence of cytopathic effect (CPE). Serum neutralization (SN), electron microscopy (EM), and analysis of genomic RNA were done to identify and confirm the identity of rotaviruses. Electrophoretic migration patterns of genomic RNA from avian rotaviruses were examined, and they were compared with those from mammalian rotaviruses. The migration patterns differed between these groups.
The incidence of macrophage activation syndrome in children with rheumatic disorders. (2011)

Although MAS is a rare complication of rheumatologic disorders, because it is potentially fatal it must be thought in each childhood rheumatic disorders with suddenly changes in general condition and decrease peripheral cells.
Identification and analysis of a gene encoding L-2,4-diaminobutyrate:2-ketoglutarate 4-aminotransferase involved in the 1,3-diaminopropane production pathway in Acinetobacter baumannii (1997)

The ca. 2.2-kbp region upstream of the ddc gene encoding L-2,4-diaminobutyrate decarboxylase in Acinetobacter baumannii was sequenced and found to contain another open reading frame of 1,338 nucleotides encoding a protein with a deduced molecular mass of 47,423 Da. Analysis of the homologies observed from the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the gene product is an enzyme belonging to subgroup II of the aminotransferases. This was first verified when examination of the crude extracts from Escherichia coli transformants led to detection of a novel aminotransferase activity catalyzing the following reversible reactions: L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid + 2-ketoglutaric acid<-->L-glutamic acid + L-aspartic beta-semialdehyde. Further confirmation was obtained when the gene was overexpressed in E. coli and the corresponding protein was purified to homogeneity. It catalyzed the same reactions and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was consistent with that deduced from the nucleotide sequence. Therefore, the gene and its product were named dat and L-2,4-diaminobutyrate:2-ketoglutarate 4-aminotransferase (DABA AT), respectively. Feeding experiments of A. baumannii with L-[U-14C]aspartic acid resulted in the incorporation of the label into 1,3-diaminopropane. Apparent homologs of dat and DABA AT were detected in other Acinetobacter species by PCR amplification and Western blotting. These results indicate that the dat gene (as well as the ddc gene) participates in the synthesis of 1,3-diaminopropane, the only diamine found in this genus. However, the biological role, if one exists, of 1,3-diaminopropane synthesis is unknown.
Kinases, Homology Models, and High Throughput Docking (2003)

With the many protein sequences coming from the genome sequencing projects, it is unlikely that we will ever have an atomic resolution structure of every relevant protein. With high throughput crystallography, however, we will soon have representative structures for the vast majority of protein families. Thus the drug discovery and design process will rely heavily on protein modeling to address issues such as designing combinatorial libraries for an entire class of targets and engineering genome-wide selectivity over a target class. In this study we assess the value of high throughput docking into homology models. To do this we dock a database of random compounds seeded with known inhibitors into homology models of six different kinases. In five of the six cases the known inhibitors were found to be enriched by factors of 4−5 in the top 5% of the overall scored and ranked compounds. Furthermore, in the same five cases the known inhibitors were found to be enriched by factors of 2−3 in the top 5% of the scored and ranked known kinase inhibitors, thus showing that the homology models can pick up some of the crucial selectivity information.
A compact multi-polarised broadband antenna (1990)

An innovative concept to meet the multioctave polarization diverse challenge is described. Equal right- and left-hand polarization performance has been achieved from a single radiating aperture using an inherent symmetry. This concept employs an edge-fed, interleaved log-periodic antenna, referred to as the interLog antenna. The edge-fed geometry improves antenna reliability over that of the center-fed spiral due to mechanical and thermal stability. The antenna consists of four interleaved, curved dipole, log-periodic elements placed over an absorber-loaded cavity. Opposite elements are excited 180 degrees out of phase using a printed circuit infinite balun approach. Orthogonal circular polarizations are achieved by connecting the balun output to an integral stripline 90 degrees coupler. Analysis, measured pattern, VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio), and isolation data are given, demonstrating the effectiveness of the antenna approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Separation and partial characterization of proteinases with substrate specificity for basic amino acids from human MOLT-4 T lymphocytes: identification of those inhibited by variable-loop-V3 peptides of HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus-1) envelope glycoprotein (1993)

The V3 loop of the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 likely plays a role in HIV-1 infectivity. Although the amino acid sequence of the V3 loop is hypervariable, it contains a conserved region, Gly-Pro-Gly-Arg, that shows similarity to the active-site Gly-Pro-Cys-Arg sequence of inter-alpha-trypsin and trypstatin proteinase inhibitors. The purpose of the present work was to identify proteinases recognizing substrates with basic amino acids in the P1 substrate site that are present in MOLT-4 cells, a human CD4-positive T helper lymphocyte cell line, and to characterize these enzymes in terms of substrate, pH and ionic-strength preferences, size and susceptibility to various inhibitors, including 24- and 36-amino-acid-long V3 loop peptides. Extraction of MOLT-4 cells at low ionic strength solubilized nearly all of the trypsin-like activity, which was separable into five peaks of activity by chromatography on Mono-Q: Peaks 1, 2a, 2b, 3 and 4. All showed a neutral pH optimum, and all except Peak 4 showed optimal activity at high ionic strength. Peak 1 preferred Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg, p-nitroanilide (-pNA) substrate; Peaks 2-4 preferred benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Leu-Gly-Arg-pNA. Peak 1, a zinc-dependent enzyme with serine and histidine in the active site, exhibited an M(r) of 75,000 on Superose 12 and was poorly inhibited by V3 loop peptides. Peak 2 contained two overlapping peaks, called 2a and 2b, that exhibited properties of zinc-dependent metalloproteinases. Gel filtration of Peak 2 activities revealed a major peak of activity at 81 kDa and a shoulder centred at 240 kDa. Each was modestly inhibited by V3 loop peptides. Peak 3, a zinc-dependent proteinase, exhibited a molecular mass of 100 kDa by gel filtration and was particularly sensitive to inhibition by V3 loop peptides. Peak 4 exhibited a molecular mass of 1100 kDa by gel filtration and was not inhibited by V3 loop peptides. None of these enzymes could be classified as mast-cell tryptase, and material in MOLT-4 cells cross-reactive with anti-(human tryptase) antibodies was not detected. Whether any of the MOLT-4 proteinases described in this study play a role in HIV-1 infectivity remains to be examined.
Rejection of tumors and metastases in fischer 344 rats following intratumor administration of killed corynebacterium parvum (1974)

Abstract Killed Corynebacterium parvum vaccine was infiltrated into growing subcutaneous tumors (two antigenically different types) syngeneic to the Fischer 344 rats. In all these animals decrease in tumor size was followed by total and lasting disappearance. The protective response conferred as a result of intratumor C. parvum appeared to prevent progressive growth of potentially lethal pulmonary and visceral metastases. Animals which rejected their tumors showed an increased protection that was tumorspecific. Histological examination of tumors from rats exhibiting C. parvum‐mediated rejection revealed an intense non‐specific infiltration consisting mainly of macrophages with some lymphocytes. Of the groups of rats treated with surgical removal of the growing tumor, 30‐60% died with growing tumors and metastases. Suppressed rates of tumor growth and prolonged survival were observed in the group of rats treated with killed C. parvum subcutaneously 1 cm around and away from the growing tumors.
Cancer treatments transform residual cancer cell phenotype (2011)

Cancer cells surviving treatment will be more capable of metastasis and resistant to conventional therapies than the pre-treatment population of cancer cells. These changes will develop rapidly after treatment and, in distinct contrast to selection pressures fostering such changes, be triggered by highly conserved wound repair signals released after tissue damage. This pattern of tissue (tumor) repair may be amenable to treatment intervention at the time it is upregulated.
The Chemistry and the Physiological Action of Khellin and Related Products. (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe Chemistry and the Physiological Action of Khellin and Related Products.Charles P. Huttrer and Estaleta. DaleCite this: Chem. Rev. 1951, 48, 3, 543–579Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60151a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60151a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antibody Immunodominance: The Key to Understanding Influenza Virus Antigenic Drift (2018)

Influenza A virus (IAV) imposes a significant socioeconomic burden on humanity. Vaccination is effective in only 60% of individuals, even under optimal circumstances. The difficulty stems from the remarkable ability of IAV to evade existing immunity. IAV's error prone polymerase enables the rapid antigenic evolution of the two virion surface glycoproteins, neuraminidase and hemagglutinin (HA). Since the most potent antibodies (Abs) at neutralizing viral infectivity are directed the head of the HA, amino acid substitutions in this region enable IAV to evade Ab-based immunity. Here, we review recent progress in understanding how immunodominance, the tendency of the immune system to respond to foreign immunogens in a hierarchical manner, shapes IAV evolution.