gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracking energy flow using a Volumetric Acoustic Intensity Imager (VAIM) (2006)

A new measurement device has been invented at the Naval Research Laboratory which images instantaneously the intensity vector throughout a three-dimensional volume nearly a meter on a side. The measurement device consists of a nearly transparent spherical array of 50 inexpensive microphones optimally positioned on an imaginary spherical surface of radius 0.2m. Front-end signal processing uses coherence analysis to produce multiple, phase-coherent holograms in the frequency domain each related to references located on suspect sound sources in an aircraft cabin. The analysis uses either SVD or Cholesky decomposition methods using ensemble averages of the cross-spectral density with the fixed references. The holograms are mathematically processed using spherical NAH (nearfield acoustical holography) to convert the measured pressure field into a vector intensity field in the volume of maximum radius 0.4 m centered on the sphere origin. The utility of this probe is evaluated in a detailed analysis of a recent in-flight experiment in cooperation with Boeing and NASA on NASA s Aries 757 aircraft. In this experiment the trim panels and insulation were removed over a section of the aircraft and the bare panels and windows were instrumented with accelerometers to use as references for the VAIM. Results show excellent success at locating and identifying the sources of interior noise in-flight in the frequency range of 0 to 1400 Hz. This work was supported by NASA and the Office of Naval Research.
Established Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Variants are not Associated with Disease Outcome (2009)

Recent genome-wide association studies have been successful in identifying common sequence variants associated with prostate cancer risk; however, their importance in prostate cancer prognosis remains unknown. To assess confirmed prostate cancer susceptibility variants with prostate cancer prognosis, we genotyped 16 established susceptibility variants in a Swedish cohort of 2,875 prostate cancer cases, ascertained between 2001 and 2003, with complete follow-up regarding vital status through January 2008. Cox regression models, adjusted for age, clinical stage, pathologic grade, nodal or distant metastases, and diagnostic serum levels of prostate-specific antigen level, were used to assess association between risk variants and prostate cancer-specific survival. During follow-up, 626 men died, and of those, 440 had prostate cancer classified as their underlying cause of death. We found no association between any of the explored sequence variants and prostate cancer-specific mortality, either in exploring individual variants or in assessing the cumulative effect of all variants. We conclude that hitherto established prostate cancer susceptibility variants are not associated with the lethal potential of prostate cancer.
Flocculation and Separation of Oil Droplets in Ultrasonic Standing Wave Field (2012)

A new method for breaking oil in water emulsion based on flocculation of droplets in high intensity ultrasonic standing wave field was developed in this study and the effect of initial droplets size, type of disperse phase as well as the time of sonication and the height of emulsion in the chamber on the extent of interdroplet interactions were investigated. The results showed that type of disperse phase affects the efficiency of separation process through controlling the initial size of droplets. For the two types of disperse phase in question the efficiency of separation was calculated to be 42.7% for canola oil/water emulsion and 37% for sunflower oil/water emulsion. The time of sonication was found to have a positive contribution to the percent of flocculation and coalescence, so that the largest aggregates were formed after 30 minutes treatment. Also, the optimum height of emulsion in the treatment chamber was determined to be λ/4 at which the strongest flocculation and highest percent of coalescence took place. Increasing the height of emulsion did not significantly influence the course of aggregation and separation.
Blood–brain barrier opening in Alzheimer’s disease using MR-guided focused ultrasound (2018)

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in combination with intravenously injected microbubbles has been shown to transiently open the blood-brain barrier, and reduce beta-amyloid and tau pathology in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we used focused ultrasound to open the blood-brain barrier in five patients with early to moderate Alzheimer's disease in a phase I safety trial. In all patients, the blood-brain barrier within the target volume was safely, reversibly, and repeatedly opened. Opening the blood-brain barrier did not result in serious clinical or radiographic adverse events, as well as no clinically significant worsening on cognitive scores at three months compared to baseline. Beta-amyloid levels were measured before treatment using [<sup>18</sup>F]-florbetaben PET to confirm amyloid deposition at the target site. Exploratory analysis suggested no group-wise changes in amyloid post-sonication. The results of this safety and feasibility study support the continued investigation of focused ultrasound as a potential novel treatment and delivery strategy for patients with Alzheimer's disease.
p300 and CBP as transcriptional regulators and targets of oncogenic events. (1996)

p300 and CBP are large nuclear proteins, encoded by two distinct genes, that appear to be involved in regulated transcription and cellular growth control. They are highly related in sequence and are expressed in most, if not all, mammalian cells. There is evidence for the existence of additional cellular proteins sharing at least some of the sequence motifs of p300 and CBP. Members of this protein family also appear to be present in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, but, based on the recently published complete genomic sequence, not in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thus, p300/ CBP-like proteins are likely confined to multicellular organisms where they may fulfill specific functions required for the proper growth and development. This view is supported by the occurrence of multiple developmental and proliferative defects in patients suffering from Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome which is due to an inactivating mutation in one CBP allele.
Run-length encodings. (1966)

Run-length encodings, determining explicit form of Huffman coding when applied to geometric distribution
Recombinant factor VIIa (2004)

Human coagulation factor (F) VII is a single chain protease that circulates in the blood as a weakly active zymogen at concentrations of approximately 10 nmol/L. When converted to the active 2 chain form (FVIIa), it is a powerful initiator of haemostasis. Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa, eptacog alfa, NovoSeven) is a genetically engineered product that was first introduced in 1988 for the treatment of patients with haemophilia A and B with high inhibitory antibody titres to factors VIII and IX. Recent reports in the form of case studies and series, and early trial data, have suggested a role for rFVIIa across a diverse range of indications including bleeding associated with trauma, surgery, thrombocytopaenia, liver disease and oral anticoagulant toxicity. This review describes the physiology of the coagulation pathway and in particular the role of recombinant factor VIIa. It will also focus on the emerging role of rFVIIa in both trauma and non-trauma bleeding and its potential use in the ED.
Microfluidic sorting system based on optical force switching (2010)

We report a versatile, and automatic method for sorting cells and particles in a three dimensional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structure consisting of two crossmicrochannels. As microspheres or yeast cells are fed continuously into a lower channel, a line shaped focused laser beam is applied (perpendicular to the direction of flow) at the crossing junction of the two channels. The scattering force of the laser beam was employed to push microparticles matching specific criteria upwards from one channel to another. The force depends on the intrinsic properties of the particles such as their refractive index and size, as well as the laser power and the fluid flow speed. The combination of these parameters gives a tunable selection criterion for the effective and efficient sorting of the particles. The introduction of the cylindrical lens into the optical train allows for simultaneous manipulation of multiple particles which has significantly increased the efficiency and throughput of the sorting. A high aspect ratio microchannel (A.R. = 1.6) was found to enhance the sorting performance of the device. By careful control of the microparticle flow rate, near 100% sorting efficiency was achieved.
cAMP-dependent SOS induction and mutagenesis in resting bacterial populations. (1995)

The inducible SOS system increases the survival of bacteria exposed to DNA-damaging agents by increasing the capacity of error-free and error-prone DNA repair systems. The inducible mutator effect is expected to contribute to the adaptation of bacterial populations to these adverse life conditions by increasing their genetic variability. The evolutionary impact of the SOS system would be even greater if it was also induced under conditions common in nature, such as in resting bacterial populations. The results presented here show that SOS induction and mutagenesis do occur in bacteria in aging colonies on agar plates. The observed SOS induction and mutagenesis are controlled by the LexA repressor and are RecA- and cAMP-dependent.
Microcin E492 forms ion channels in phospholipid bilayer membranes (1993)

Microcin E492, a polypeptide antibiotic, has been shown to have an M(r) of 6,000 by urea-SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the fluorescently labelled compound. It is known that the bactericidal action of microcin involves a loss of the transmembrane potential. In this study we show that microcin forms cation-selective channels in planar phospholipid bilayers. The channels have two main conductance states the current-voltage curves of which rectify. The reversal potentials measured under biionic conditions indicate a permeability sequence of NH4+ > K+ = Rb+ = Cs+ > Na+ = Na+ = Li+ > Tris+. The results suggest that membrane potential dissipation induced by microcin is a consequence of the formation of pores in the bacterial membrane.
A novel mobile GPU architecture based on ray tracing (2013)

Recently, with the increasing demand for photorealistic graphics and the rapid advances in desktop CPUs/GPUs, real-time ray tracing has attracted considerable attention. Unfortunately, ray tracing in the current mobile environment is difficult because of inadequate computing power, memory bandwidth, and flexibility in mobile GPUs. In this paper, we present a novel mobile GPU architecture called the SGRT (Samsung reconfigurable GPU based on Ray Tracing) with the following features: 1) a fast compact hardware engine that accelerates a traversal and intersection operation, 2) a flexible reconfigurable processor that supports software ray generation and shading, and 3) a parallelization framework that achieves scalable performance. Experimental results show that the SGRT can be a versatile graphics solution, as it supports compatible performance compared to desktop GPU ray tracers.
Stabilization of fluorocarbon emulsions by sugar-derived perfluoroalkylated surfactants and co-surfactants (2007)

Fluorocarbon emulsions have considerable potential as injectable oxygen carriers (blood substitutes, in particular), contrast agents for diagnosis, and drug-delivery systems. One approach to reducing the interfacial tension which opposes the dispersion of fluorocarbons in water, and to contributing to the stabilization of their emulsions, is to use fluorophilic surfactants. Several families of perfluoroalkylated, sugar-derived surfactants with modular molecular structures, including maltosides, trehalose fatty acid monoesters, and glucose phosphate esters were investigated to this end. Relatively minor structural differences were found to cause widely different behaviors. Very stable emulsions of perfluorodecalin (FDC) and perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB, perflubron) were obtained with some of them; the neutral ones led to considerable synergistic stabilization of such emulsions when a polaxomer (Pluronic F-68) was used as the primary surfactant, while the anionic ones developed such a synergistic effect with egg-yolk phospholipids (EYP). Some also had a significant impact on particle sizes.
Brief Electrical Stimulation Promotes the Speed and Accuracy of Motor Axonal Regeneration (2000)

Functional recovery is often poor despite the capacity for axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system and advances in microsurgical technique. Regeneration of axons in mixed nerve into inappropriate pathways is a major contributing factor to this failure. In this study, we use the rat femoral nerve model of transection and surgical repair to evaluate (1) the effect of nerve transection on the speed of regeneration and the generation of motor-sensory specificity, (2) the efficacy of electrical stimulation in accelerating axonal regeneration and promoting the reinnervation of appropriate muscle pathways by femoral motor nerves, and (3) the mechanism of action of electrical stimulation. Using the retrograde neurotracers fluorogold and fluororuby to backlabel motoneurons that regenerate axons into muscle and cutaneous pathways, we found the following. (1) There is a very protracted period (10 weeks) of axonal outgrowth that adds substantially to the delay in axonal regeneration (staggered regeneration). This process of staggered regeneration is associated with preferential motor reinnervation (PMR). (2) One hour to 2 weeks of 20 Hz continuous electrical stimulation of the parent axons proximal to the repair site dramatically reduces this period (to 3 weeks) and accelerates PMR. (3) The positive effect of short-term electrical stimulation is mediated via the cell body, implicating an enhanced growth program. The effectiveness of such a short-period low-frequency electrical stimulation suggests a new therapeutic approach to accelerate nerve regeneration after injury and, in turn, improve functional recovery.
Intuitive editing of material appearance (2016)

Many different techniques for measuring material appearance have been proposed in the last few years. These have produced large public datasets, which have been used for accurate, data-driven appearance modeling. However, although these datasets have allowed us to reach an unprecedented level of realism in visual appearance, editing the captured data remains a challenge. In this work, we develop a novel methodology for intuitive and predictable editing of captured BRDF data, which allows for artistic creation of plausible material appearances, bypassing the difficulty of acquiring novel samples. We synthesize novel materials, and extend the existing MERL dataset [Matusik et al. 2003] up to 400 mathematically valid BRDFs. We design a large-scale experiment with 400 participants, gathering 56000 ratings about the perceptual attributes that best describe our extended dataset of materials. Using these ratings, we build and train networks of radial basis functions to act as functionals that map the high-level perceptual attributes to an underlying PCA-based representation of BRDFs.
Intracellular single-chain antibody directed against erbB2 down-regulates cell surface erbB2 and exhibits a selective anti-proliferative effect in erbB2 overexpressing cancer cell lines. (1994)

Overexpression of the tyrosine kinase receptor erbB2 is important in the pathogenesis of a variety of neoplasms. Based on this concept, targeted anti-cancer strategies have been designed to selectively eradicate erbB2 overexpressing tumor cells. These strategies have employed either monoclonal antibodies or antibody toxin molecules with specificity for the cell surface erbB2 protein. As an alternative strategy, anti-erbB2 single-chain immunoglobulin (sFv) genes were constructed to direct expression of intracellular anti-erbB2 antibodies. Expression of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) form of the anti-erbB2 sFv resulted in a profound down-regulation of cell surface erbB2 in an erbB2 overexpressing ovarian carcinoma cell line. In addition, expression of the intracellular antibody resulted in marked inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Whereas stable transfectants expressing the anti-erbB2 sFv could be dervied from non-erbB2 overexpressing cancer cell lines, expression of the intracellular antibody was incompatible with long-term survival of the erbB2 overpressing tumor cells. The ability to selectively 'knock-out' erbB2 demonstrates that cell surface localization of erbB2 is essential to its ability to induce aberrant cellular proliferation in tumor cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PLASMA SURGICAL PlasmaJet® PlasmaJet® Tissue Sealing System Tissue Sealing System Tissue Sealing System Tissue Sealing System in Orthopedic Surgery in Orthopedic Surgery in Orthopedic Surgery in Orthopedic Surgery Early Report (2007)

We have operated eight patients using the Plasma Surgical PlasmaJet® tissue sealing system. Of these 8 cases, 6 were spine surgeries (corrective surgeries for scoliosis or assimilated spinal deformations) and 2 arthroplasties (1 total hip and 1 total knee replacements). The PlasmaJet® technology gave us entire satisfaction, in particular for large surface coagulation. This is particularly true in spine surgery but also applies to hip and knee arthroplasty. The PlasmaJet® pure plasma-based technology is perfectly efficient when optimizing the hemostasis at the level of the skin incision. It has also proven to be useful at the end of the surgery, particularly in knee arthroplasty once the pneumatic garrot has been released (after the knee implant is in place). The PlasmaJet® can also be used for bone hemostasis. Used in conjunction with Horsley bone wax, it stops the bleeding on bone resection planes rapidly and durably.
Formaldehyde Release from Wood Products: An Overview (1986)

Formaldehyde release from UF-bonded wood products has decreased by a factor of more than ten over the past 15 years. Today 90% of the entire U.S. production is capable of meeting the 0.4 ppm standard for manufactured housing at the time of sale. Since 1979 European products have been classified into three categories. Low emitting materials meeting 0.1 ppm air levels currently account for about 20% of the European production. These low emitting products can be made by different methods: Using low F:U molar ratio resins, addition of urea to resin or wood furnish before resination, and post-treatment of hot board with ammonia or ammonia salts. Due to improved quality control, current products are now capable of meeting predictable emission performance criteria and, in most applications, they can be used in a traditional load ratio without air levels exceeding 0.1 ppm under normal use conditions.
Protective Efficacy of a Second Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine against Pneumococcal Acute Otitis Media in Infants and Children: Randomized, Controlled Trial of a 7-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide-Meningococcal Outer Membrane Protein Complex Conjugate Vaccine in 1666 Children (2003)

To assess the efficacy of a 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-meningococcal outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccine (PncOMPC) against acute otitis media (AOM), 1666 infants were randomly assigned to receive either PncOMPC or control vaccine (hepatitis B vaccine) at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age. Of the 835 children assigned to receive PncOMPC, 187 received a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PncPS) at 12 months of age instead. Whenever AOM was diagnosed, middle ear fluid was aspirated for bacterial culture. In the PncOMPC and control groups, there were 110 and 250 AOM episodes, respectively, in children between 6.5 and 24 months of age that could be attributed to vaccine serotypes, which indicates a vaccine efficacy of 56% (95% confidence interval, 44%-66%). The serotype-specific efficacy ranged from 37% for 19F to 82% for 9V. The 2 boosters seemed to provide equal protection against AOM, but PncPS induced markedly higher antibody concentrations. The efficacy of PncOMPC was comparable to that of the recently licensed pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
Positioning (2018)

Positioning as it refers to organizations, product brands, and individuals generally concerns how a particular entity is presented to and understood by certain customers or stakeholders. Firmly rooted in marketing, the earliest mentions of positioning relate to product packaging, but the concept has evolved to examine how positioning strategy influences consumer perceptions, brand management, and firm financial performance. Over time, positioning has become increasingly interdisciplinary and managerial in scope and is a fundamental strategy employed by entities striving for effective communication.
Patterning of Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes with Soft Lithography (2000)

The patterning of polymer-based semiconductors, conductors, and insulators using photoresists is compromised because of the chemical vulnerability of polymers towards etching and photopatterning steps. Here an approach to the preparation of polymer LEDs using soft lithography techniques based on elastomer stamps is presented. The Figure shows line-shaped LEDs produced by microcontact printing.
Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2017 ELN recommendations from an international expert panel (2016)

The first edition of the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) recommendations for diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults, published in 2010, has found broad acceptance by physicians and investigators caring for patients with AML. Recent advances, for example, in the discovery of the genomic landscape of the disease, in the development of assays for genetic testing and for detecting minimal residual disease (MRD), as well as in the development of novel antileukemic agents, prompted an international panel to provide updated evidence- and expert opinion-based recommendations. The recommendations include a revised version of the ELN genetic categories, a proposal for a response category based on MRD status, and criteria for progressive disease.