gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of meningeal breast cancer xenografts in the rat using an anti-p185/HER2 antibody. (2001)

The metastatic spread of breast cancer to the leptomeninges (LM) is a painful, debilitating, and usually lethal condition. Current therapies are generally ineffective or extremely toxic. The current study evaluated monoclonal antibody therapy in an animal model of LM human breast cancer. Monoclonal antibody 4D5, which recognizes the extracellular domain of the HER2/neu receptor, was administered into the cerebrospinal fluid of athymic rats implanted with human breast cancer cell lines. Continuous intraventricular administration of 4D5 inhibited growth of SKBR3 cells that overexpress HER2/neu but not of MCF7 cells, which do not. Inhibition was dose-dependent, with higher doses of 4D5 producing an improved response. i.p. administration of cisplatin in addition to 4D5 did not improve results. Continuous administration of 4D5 into the lumbar, as opposed to the ventricular intrathecal space, was not therapeutically effective. Treatment with 4D5 did not result in outgrowth of cells lacking expression of the HER2/neu receptor. These results suggest that 4D5, administered regionally, may palliate LM metastases from HER2/neu-overexpressing breast carcinoma.
Living Polymerization of Bulky Aryl Isocyanide with Arylrhodium Complexes (2006)

Well-defined arylrhodium complexes Rh(Ar)(nbd)(PPh3) (Ar = Me2C6H3, 2,4,6-Pri3C6H2, 2-PhC6H4, 2-Me-1-naphthyl, 9-anthracenyl, C(Ph)CPh2; nbd = 2,5-norbornadiene) that were prepared from the reaction of [Rh(nbd)Cl]2 with LiAr and PPh3 effectively initiated the living polymerization of aryl isocyanides possessing bulky substituents at the ortho position in the presence of PPh3 to give poly(isocyanide)s with narrow polydispersity indexes in good yields. The bulky aryl groups on the Rh complex were essential to achieving high initiator efficiency, whereas the bulky substituents on aryl isocyanides were required for the formation of high molecular weight polymers. The living nature of the present system was confirmed by kinetic studies as well as the formation of block copolymers. The polymerization rate was dependent not on the concentration of monomers, but on the concentration of PPh3.
Human Neutrophil Elastase Degrades Inter-.ALPHA.-Trypsin Inhibitor to Liberate Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor Related Proteins. (1998)

Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) is a physiological protease inhibitor and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) is regarded as a precursor of UTI. The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanism of the UTI release from ITI. To examine this, ITI was digested by human neutrophil elastase at various concentrations, and UTI-related proteins which were of the same size as UTI were obtained. The amino acid sequence of the 15 amino acid residues at the N-terminal of UTI-related proteins, corresponded to that of UTI. The amino acid sequences of the small amount of peptides detected corresponded to those of peptides from the heavy chain1 (H1) and the heavy chain2 (H2) of ITI, suggesting that most UTI-related proteins do not combine with peptides from the H1 and H2 of ITI. It was also revealed that UTI-related proteins have several physiological activities similar to those of UTI, i.e., human trypsin inhibitory activity, human neutrophil elastase inhibitory activity, inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production from rat macrophages and of superoxide production from rabbit leukocytes. These results demonstrated that ITI is a precursor of UTI which is digested by human neutrophil elastase to release UTI, and that its elastase inhibitory activity is derived from UTI.
Chlorophyll Fluorescence: A Probe of Photosynthesis In Vivo (2008)

The use of chlorophyll fluorescence to monitor photosynthetic performance in algae and plants is now widespread. This review examines how fluorescence parameters can be used to evaluate changes in photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, linear electron flux, and CO(2) assimilation in vivo, and outlines the theoretical bases for the use of specific fluorescence parameters. Although fluorescence parameters can be measured easily, many potential problems may arise when they are applied to predict changes in photosynthetic performance. In particular, consideration is given to problems associated with accurate estimation of the PSII operating efficiency measured by fluorescence and its relationship with the rates of linear electron flux and CO(2) assimilation. The roles of photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching in the determination of changes in PSII operating efficiency are examined. Finally, applications of fluorescence imaging to studies of photosynthetic heterogeneity and the rapid screening of large numbers of plants for perturbations in photosynthesis and associated metabolism are considered.
Infrared intersubband absorption in GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum wells (1989)

Optical absorption spectra have been measured from 6 to 296 K for a GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum well sample which shows a strong peak at 11.1 μm at room temperature. These and previously published results are compared with predictions of an effective mass model which takes into account conduction-band nonparabolicity.
SecA2-dependent secretion of autolytic enzymes promotes Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis (2003)

Pathogenic bacteria secrete proteins that promote invasion of host tissues and resistance to immune responses. However, secretion mechanisms that contribute to the enormous morbidity and mortality of Gram-positive bacteria are largely undefined. An auxiliary protein secretion system (SecA2) has recently emerged in Listeria monocytogenes and eight other Gram-positive pathogens. Here, a proteomics approach identified seventeen SecA2-dependent secreted and surface proteins of L. monocytogenes, the two most abundant of which [the p60 and N-acetylmuramidase (NamA) autolysins] hydrolyze bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) and contribute to host colonization. SecA2-deficient (DeltaSecA2) bacteria were rapidly cleared after systemic infection of murine hosts, and in cultured cells showed reduced cell-cell spread. p60 or NamA deficiencies (Deltap60 and DeltaNamA) caused intermediate reductions in bacterial virulence in vivo, yet showed no defect for infection of cultured cells. Restoration of virulence in Deltap60 bacteria required full-length p60 with an intact catalytic domain, suggesting that PGN hydrolysis by p60 is crucial for L. monocytogenes virulence. Coordinated PGN hydrolysis by p60 and NamA activities is predicted to generate a muramyl glycopeptide, glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP), which is known to modify host inflammatory responses. Thus, SecA2-dependent secretion may promote release of muramyl peptides that subvert host pattern recognition.
Combined effects of arginine and hydroxyurea on BFU-E derived colony growth and HbF synthesis in erythroid progenitors isolated from sickle cell blood. (2010)

Hydroxyurea (HU) increases HbF synthesis in sickle cell disease (SCD). Recent studies suggest HU-induced HbF synthesis is mediated through a NO-cGMP pathway. Since arginine is the main precursor of NO, we investigated the effects of arginine and HU mixtures on HbF synthesis and burst forming unit erythroid (BFU-E) proliferation. Mixtures of HU (0, 15, 25, 100μM) and arginine (0, 25, 50, and 100μM) resulting in optimal HbF synthesis and minimal HU-induced cytotoxicity in erythroid progenitors were determined. HU dose-dependently attenuated growth of BFU-E colonies and stimulated HbF synthesis. In contrast, arginine dose-dependently increased BFU-E colonies without affecting HbF synthesis. Furthermore, arginine at concentrations >100μM in combination with varying concentrations of HU, decreased HbF synthesis compared to HU controls. HU, 15-25μM, in combination with 25-50μM arginine not only minimized cytotoxicity, but also increased HbF synthesis when compared with HU controls. NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME; 100μM), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, attenuated the effects of HU+arginine on HbF synthesis compared to HU and HU+arginine controls. These results suggest HU+arginine-induced HbF synthesis in human erythroid progenitors is NO dependent. The synergistic effect on HbF synthesis seen with combinations HU+arginine is an important observation in understanding potential therapeutic uses of HU and arginine.
Visual information retrieval : browsing strategies in pictorial databases (1988)

Une etude statistique des types de strategies les plus souvent utilisees dans la consultation d'une banque de donnees d'images a ete conduite a partir d'une experimentation sur des utilisateurs de la bibliotheque universitaire d'Aberdeen, en Ecosse. Un videodisque contenant 950 images a ete le support de cette experimentation. Ces strategies varient en fonction du type d'utilisateur, du type de donnees recherchees et sont dependantes de la qualite de l'interface
The Physiological Effects of Aralia, Panax and Eleutherococcus on Exercised Rats (1984)

Relative and total amount of saponins in Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, Aralia mandshurica and Eleutherococcus senticosus were determined by thin-layer chromatography and by a spectrophotometric method. The ginsenoside Rg! was present in American ginseng. Aralia and Eleutherococcus did not contain diol- and triol-type ginsenosides. Low concentrations of ginsenosides were found in Oriental red ginsengs (1.4–2.7%). Orally administered Araliaceae saponin extracts did not affect plasma lactic acid, glucagon, insulin or liver glycogen levels in exercised rats and did not prolong their swimming time. Plasma glucose levels in resting rats were decreased by saponin extracts of Canadian white, American red, Sanchi, Aralia, Eleutherococcus, Korean red and Shiu-Chi ginsengs.
Synthetic Fourier transform light scattering (2013)

We present synthetic Fourier transform light scattering, a method for measuring extended angle-resolved light scattering (ARLS) from individual microscopic samples. By measuring the light fields scattered from the sample plane and numerically synthesizing them in Fourier space, the angle range of the ARLS patterns is extended up to twice the numerical aperture of the imaging system with unprecedented sensitivity and precision. Extended ARLS patterns of individual microscopic polystyrene beads, healthy human red blood cells (RBCs), and Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized RBCs are presented.
Interaction of filipin III and amphotericin B with lecithin-sterol vesicles and cellular membranes. Spectral and electron microscope studies (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of filipin III and amphotericin B with lecithin-sterol vesicles and cellular membranes. Spectral and electron microscope studiesRobert Bittman, Winston C. Chen, and O. Roger AndersonCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 7, 1364–1373Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00704a009https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00704a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques (2007)

The many different techniques for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are discussed. The techniques are taken from the literature dating back to the earliest methods. It is shown that at least 19 distinct methods have been introduced in the literature, with many variations on implementation. This paper should serve as a convenient reference for future work in PV power generation.
Differential expression of mammalian Numb, Numblike and Notch1 suggests distinct roles during mouse cortical neurogenesis (1997)

During Drosophila neurogenesis, asymmetric cell divisions are achieved by differential segregation of Numb (d-Numb) into one of the daughter cells to cause a bias in the Notch mediated cell-cell interaction. We have isolated a second mammalian gene with significant sequence similarity to d-numb, mouse numblike. When expressed in dividing neural precursors in Drosophila, Numblike is symmetrically distributed in the cytoplasm, unlike endogenous d-Numb or expressed mouse Numb (m-Numb), both of which are asymmetrically localized to one half of the cell membrane. In d-numb loss-of-function mutant embryos, expression of Numblike allows both daughter cells of a neural precursor to adopt the fate of the cell that normally inherits d-Numb. In mice, numblike mRNA is preferentially expressed in adult and embryonic nervous system. In the developing neocortex, Numblike is expressed in postmitotic neurons in the cortical plate, but not in progenitors within the ventricular zone where m-Numb and Notch1 are expressed. We have also found that, in dividing cortical progenitors, Notch1 is distributed around the entire membrane, unlike m-Numb which is asymmetrically localized to the apical membrane. We propose that an interplay between cell-intrinsic mechanisms (executed by m-numb and numblike) and cell-extrinsic mechanisms (mediated by Notch1) may be involved in both progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation during mammalian cortical neurogenesis.
Determination of Molecular Weight Distributions for Polymers by Diffusion-Ordered NMR (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Molecular Weight Distributions for Polymers by Diffusion-Ordered NMRAidi Chen, Donghui Wu, and Charles S. Johnson Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 30, 7965–7970Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00135a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00135a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3499Altmetric-Citations156LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sulindac induced regression of colorectal adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis: evaluation of predictive factors. (1996)

Sulindac treatment seems effective in producing regression of colorectal adenomas of FAP patients with previous subtotal colectomy regardless of baseline polyp number and size. Changed sulindac metabolism, reduced area of the target mucosa, or changed epithelial characteristics after ileorectal anastomosis may explain these findings.
Mapping of Functional Groups in Metal-Organic Frameworks (2013)

We determined the heterogeneous mesoscale spatial apportionment of functional groups in a series of multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MTV-MOF-5) containing BDC (1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) linkers with different functional groups--B (BDC-NH2), E (BDC-NO2), F [(BDC-(CH3)2], H [BDC-(OC3H5)2], and I [BDC-(OC7H7)2]--using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements combined with molecular simulations. Our analysis reveals that these methods discern between random (EF), alternating (EI and EHI), and various cluster (BF) forms of functional group apportionments. This combined synthetic, characterization, and computational approach predicts the adsorptive properties of crystalline MTV-MOF systems. This methodology, developed in the context of ordered frameworks, is a first step in resolving the more general problem of spatial disorder in other ordered materials, including mesoporous materials, functionalized polymers, and defect distributions within crystalline solids.
Objectives and strategies for rheumatoid arthritis therapy: yesterday vs. today. (2003)

The goals for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis have changed from slowing the disease process only after a definitive diagnosis is made, to intervening early to minimize disease activity and achieve and maintain remission. To meet the new goals, both monotherapy and combination therapy must be administered not only early but aggressively, and aggressive therapy must be sustained. In addition, the efficacy of this treatment design can only be achieved if disease activity is monitored.
Identification of Highly Potent Retinoic Acid Receptor α-Selective Antagonists (1997)

The syntheses and full retinoid receptor characterization of a novel series of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) antagonists, 1-5, are described. These compounds bind with high affinity to RAR alpha but were completely inactive in gene transactivation. They were also potent and effective antagonists of retinoic acid (RA) induced gene transcription at RAR alpha. Compounds 1-5 exhibited varying degrees of selectivity for RAR alpha relative to RAR beta/gamma, with compound 5 being the most selective in both binding and functional antagonism assays. These compounds will be invaluable tools in delineating the physiological roles of RAR alpha in development and in the adult animal and may themselves be useful therapeutic agents in human diseases associated with RAR alpha.
Biological Routes to Metal Alloy Ferromagnetic Nanostructures (2004)

Magnetic nanoparticles have potential applications in high-density memory devices, but their complicated synthesis often requires high temperatures, expensive reagents, and postsynthesis annealing to achieve the desired magnetic properties. Current synthetic methods for magnetic nanoparticles often require post-synthetic modifications, suggesting that the practical application of magnetic nanoparticles will depend on the development of alternative synthetic strategies. We report a biological template to directly grow magnetic nanoparticles of desired material composition and phase under ambient conditions. A phage display methodology was adapted to identify peptide sequences that both specifically bind to the ferromagnetic L10 phase of FePt and control the crystallization of FePt nanoparticles using a modified arrested precipitation technique. TEM, electron diffraction, STEM, and X-ray diffraction all indicate these nanoparticles are composed of an FePt alloy with some degree of chemical ordering, and SQUID analysis shows these nanostructures are ferromagnetic at room temperature, possessing coercivities up to 1000 Oe.
ADP Plays a Key Role in Thrombogenesis in Rats (1988)

The relative importance of ADP, arachidonic acid metabolites and serotonin as thrombogenic factors was evaluated in rats by comparing, after oral administration, the effects of two inhibitors of ADP-induced platelet aggregation (ticlopidine and PCR 4099), three cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors (aspirin, triflusal and indobufen) and a selective serotonin 5HT2 receptor antagonist (ketanserin) on platelet aggregation, in four platelet-dependent thrombosis models and on bleeding time. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen was completely inhibited by ticlopidine and PCR 4099 whereas only the collagen aggregation was reduced by the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. Ketanserin or a depletion of platelet serotonin by reserpine did not affect platelet aggregation. Ticlopidine and PCR 4099 greatly prolonged rat tail transection bleeding time. This is probably related to their known ability to inhibit ADP-mediated platelet aggregation. In contrast, the cyclooxygenase inhibitors did not affect bleeding time at all. Reserpine and ketanserin prolonged bleeding time by interfering with the action of serotonin on the vascular wall. Ticlopidine and PCR 4099 were very potent antithrombotics in all the models. Aspirin, only at a high dose, inhibited poorly thrombus formation on a silk thread in an arterio-venous shunt, suggesting that the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase was not responsible. Triflusal was inactive in all models while indobufen slightly reduced thrombus formation in the silk thread and metallic coil models. Ketanserin and reserpine reduced thrombus only in the metallic coil model. Thrombus formation was greatly reduced in fawn-hooded rats, which lack ADP in their platelet dense granules because of a genetic storage pool deficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of Growth Differentiation Factor-5 on the Intervertebral Disc−In Vitro Bovine Study and In Vivo Rabbit Disc Degeneration Model Study (2006)

A single injection of rhGDF-5 has a reparative capacity on intervertebral discs, presumably based on its effects to enhance extracellular matrix production in vitro.
Evidence of Two‐Phase Formation upon Lithium Insertion into the Li1.33Ti1.67 O 4 Spinel (1999)

synthesized from and was electrochemically inserted with lithium at room temperature. The defect spinel and the fully lithiated with ordered rock‐salt‐type structure show nearly identical X‐ray diffractions. Due to similar lattice constants of both phases and the low scattering factor of the lithium ions, the identification of the insertion mechanism using X‐ray powder diffraction is possible only by using high angle X‐ray scans of several samples inserted with different amounts of lithium. Precise analysis of the obtained data supplies the evidence for the presence of two distinct phases which are mutually interconvertible upon lithium exchange. This result is in good agreement with electrochemical data postulating a two‐phase mechanism from the constant electrical potential found during cycling. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.