gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utilization of stereo disparity and optical flow information for human interaction (2002)

To attain smooth human interaction we propose a system which simultaneously utilizes the stereo disparity and optical flow information of real-time stereo gray and multi resolution images to recognize objects and gestures. For real-time calculation of the disparity and optical flow information of a stereo image the system first creates pyramid images by utilizing a Gaussian filter. The system then determines the disparity and optical flow of a low density image and extracts regions in front of a certain depth. The three foremost regions are recognized by higher order local autocorrelation features and a linear discriminant analysis. With this process the system recognizes the face and hand signs of users which are displayed foremost, and roughly recognizes movements within the region in real-time. With this framework, the system can discriminate, the face of a user, can monitor the basic movements of the user, can smoothly learn a presented object by users and can communicate with users from hand signs learned in advance.
Hysteresis in swirling jets (1996)

This paper explains hysteretic transitions in swirling jets and models external flows of vortex suction devices. Toward this goal, the steady rotationally symmetric motion of a viscous incompressible fluid above an infinite conical stream surface of a half-angle θ c is studied. The flows analysed are generalizations of Long's vortex. They correspond to the conically similar solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations and are characterized by circulation Γ c given at the surface and axial flow force J 1 . Asymptotic analysis and numerical calculations show that four (for θ c ≤ 90°) or five (for θ c &gt; 90°) solutions exist in some range of Γ c and J 1 .The solution branches form hysteresis loops which are related to jump transitions between various flow regimes. Four kinds of jump are found: (i) vortex breakdown which transforms a near-axis jet into a two-cell flow with a reverse flow near the axis and an annular jet fanning out along conical surface θ = θ s &lt; θ c (ii) vortex consolidation causing a reversal of (i); (iii) jump flow separation from surface θ = θ c and (iv) jump attachment of the swirling jet to the surface. As Γ c and/or J 1 decrease, the hysteresis loops disappear through a cusp catastrophe. The physical reasons for the solution non-uniqueness are revealed and the results are discussed in the context of vortex breakdown theories. Vortex breakdown is viewed as a fold catastrophe. Two new striking effects are found: (i) there is a pressure peak of O (Γ 2 c ) inside the annular swirling jet; and (ii) a consolidated swirling jet forms with a reversed (‘anti-rocket’) flow force.
Decreased mitochondrial apoptotic priming underlies stroma-mediated treatment resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2012)

Stroma induces treatment resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), possibly because of alterations in the BCL-2 family of proteins, which are key regulators of apoptosis. We previously developed BH3 profiling, a functional assay that assesses mitochondrial depolarization in response to BH3-only peptides, to measure "apoptotic priming," the proximity of a cell to the apoptotic threshold. In the present study, we use BH3 profiling to show that CLL cells from the PB are highly primed. Increased priming is associated with improved clinical response and, unexpectedly, with unmutated IGHV status. Coculturing CLL cells in vitro with stroma decreases priming. Using matched PB, BM, and lymph node compartment samples, we found in vivo that BM-derived CLL cells are the least primed. CLL cells cocultured with stroma were treated with the PI3K δ-isoform inhibitor CAL-101 (GS1101). CAL-101 caused CLL cell de-adhesion, leading to increased CLL cell priming. Stimulation of CLL cells with anti-IgM or CXCL12 caused decreased priming that could be reversed by CAL-101. Our results show that inhibition of stromal interactions leading to displacement of CLL cells into the blood by CAL-101 in vivo may increase CLL cell priming, suggesting a mechanism by which agents inducing lymphocyte redistribution might facilitate improved clinical response when used in combination with other therapies.
Genetic risk factors forClostridium difficileinfection in ulcerative colitis (2013)

Host genetics may influence susceptibility to Clostridium difficile infection in patients with ulcerative colitis.
BAL1 and BBAP Are Regulated by a Gamma Interferon-Responsive Bidirectional Promoter and Are Overexpressed in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas with a Prominent Inflammatory Infiltrate (2006)

BAL1 is a transcription modulator that is overexpressed in chemoresistant, diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). BAL1 complexes with a recently described DELTEX family member termed BBAP. Herein, we characterized BAL1 and BBAP expression in primary DLBCL subtypes defined by their comprehensive transcriptional profiles. BAL1 and BBAP were most abundant in lymphomas with a brisk host inflammatory response, designated host response (HR) tumors. Although these DLBCLs include significant numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interdigitating dendritic cells, BAL1 and BBAP were expressed primarily by malignant B cells, prompting speculation that the genes might be induced by host-derived inflammatory mediators such as gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). In fact, IFN-gamma induced BAL1 and BBAP expression in DLBCL cell lines; doxycycline-induced BAL1 also increased the expression of multiple IFN-stimulated genes, directly implicating BAL1 in an IFN signaling pathway. We show that BAL1 and BBAP are located on chromosome 3q21 in a head-to-head orientation and are regulated by a IFN-gamma-responsive bidirectional promoter. BBAP regulates the subcellular localization of BAL1 by a dynamic shuttling mechanism, highlighting the functional requirement for coordinated BBAP and BAL1 expression. IFN-gamma-induced BAL1/BBAP expression contributes to the molecular signature of HR DLBCLs and highlights the interplay between the inflammatory infiltrate and malignant B cells in these tumors.
An Optical Processor For Product Inspection (1988)

Coherent optical proce&apos;ssors are described that optically generate feature spaces in parallel at high speed. A wedge ring detector sampled Fourier feature space is described, since it provides dimensionality reduction and features that are invariant to translation and in-plane rotation of the input object. Thus, the object being inspected can be positioned and oriented anywhere within the input field of view. An optical Hough transform processor is also described. This Hough feature space is attractive for many mensuration functions required in inspection. New techniques for using Hough space features are presented and demonstrated. These new techniques provide in-plane distortion-invariance, and determination of the orientation and location of the object in the field of view. We also discuss how the Fourier coefficients, the wedge ring detector sampled Fourier coefficients, and the Hough transform features can all be produced on a single optical processor. To provide a cost-effective real time system, an inexpensive liquid crystal television is used as the input transducer, with its electrical input obtained from a CCD camera viewing the product to be inspected. Several different inspection problems and quantitative optical laboratory test data are included to demonstrate and quantify the performance and use of this processor for product inspection.
O teatro no contexto da história catarinense: O contestado (1995)

Na Europa, - as Guerras Balcânicas, de 1912 a 1913: a 1° Guerra mundial de 1914 a 1918; o apogeu industrial da Alemanha de 1900 a 1914 e o movimento da Brande Sérvia de 1900 a 1914, foram acontecimentos que correram paralelos à chamada Guerra do Contestado, ocorrida no Brasil, no oeste do Estado de Santa Catarina, de 1912 a 1916.1 No Brasil, a época do conflito coincide com dois governos: de Hermes da Fonseca (1910-1814) e Venceslau Brás (1914-1918). O primeiro sentiu o peso do famoso "milagreiro", padre Cícero, que liderou sertanejos numa luta - que deveria ser travada pelos coronéis -, contra o Governo de Hermes da Fonseca, para manter a oligarquia da família Acioly, no Ceará.
Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design (1987)

Winograd and Flores' `Understanding Computers and Cognition' proposes that the rationalist tradition in AI must be replaced by a hermeneutic approach. Associating the rationalist tradition with the goal of building a human mind, the authors propose that a hermeneutic approach must adopt the goal of constructing prostheses which magnify the human mind. This paper argues that what AI needs is not so much a hermeneutic approach as a better appreciation of biology and psychology. Understanding Computers and Cognition is a groundbreaking book that presents an important new approach to understanding what computers do and how their functioning is related to human language, thought and action.
Mutual information, strange attractors, and the optimal estimation of dimension (1992)

It has been shown that the appropriate setting of data windows is crucial to a successful estimation of a time-series correlation dimension using the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm [Physica 9D, 189 (1983); Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 346 (1983)], and it has been proposed that the first minimum of the corresponding mutual-information function may be an appropriate window value. We have tested this hypothesis against data generated by the R\"ossler equations, the Lorenz equations, and a three-dimensional irrational torus. We conclude that mutual information is not consistently successful in identifying the optimal window.
The CD40L Promoter Contains Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells-binding Motifs Which Require AP-1 Binding for Activation of Transcription (1996)

Four nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) binding motifs were found in the murine CD40 ligand promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using 18-base pair (bp) long oligonucleotides corresponding to the proximal site and nuclear extracts from activated T cells revealed two complexes which were inhibited by cyclosporin A and contained NF-ATc and NF-ATp. Neither complex contained AP-1 proteins. Multimers of the 18-bp oligonucleotides were not active in transient transfection assays using luciferase reporter gene constructs. In contrast, a 30-bp long oligonucleotide bound AP-1 proteins in addition to NF-AT proteins and its multimers strongly induced luciferase gene expression. These results suggested that NF-AT proteins play an important role in the expression of the CD40L gene and that their transcriptional activity requires AP-1 binding.
G<sup>2</sup>o: A general framework for graph optimization (2011)

Many popular problems in robotics and computer vision including various types of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) or bundle adjustment (BA) can be phrased as least squares optimization of an error function that can be represented by a graph. This paper describes the general structure of such problems and presents g <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> o, an open-source C++ framework for optimizing graph-based nonlinear error functions. Our system has been designed to be easily extensible to a wide range of problems and a new problem typically can be specified in a few lines of code. The current implementation provides solutions to several variants of SLAM and BA. We provide evaluations on a wide range of real-world and simulated datasets. The results demonstrate that while being general g <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> o offers a performance comparable to implementations of state of-the-art approaches for the specific problems.
Post-transcriptional gene silencing in plants (2001)

Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants is an RNA-degradation mechanism that shows similarities to RNA interference (RNAi) in animals. Indeed, both involve double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), spread within the organism from a localised initiating area, correlate with the accumulation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and require putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, RNA helicases and proteins of unknown functions containing PAZ and Piwi domains. However, some differences are evident. First, PTGS in plants requires at least two genes--SGS3 (which encodes a protein of unknown function containing a coil-coiled domain) and MET1 (which encodes a DNA-methyltransferase)--that are absent in C. elegans and thus are not required for RNAi. Second, all Arabidopsis mutants that exhibit impaired PTGS are hypersusceptible to infection by the cucumovirus CMV, indicating that PTGS participates in a mechanism for plant resistance to viruses. Interestingly, many viruses have developed strategies to counteract PTGS and successfully infect plants--for example, by potentiating endogenous suppressors of PTGS. Whether viruses can counteract RNAi in animals and whether endogenous suppressors of RNAi exist in animals is still unknown.
The Intelligent Room project (2002)

At the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, we have been working on technologies for an Intelligent Room. Rather than pull people into the virtual world of the computer, we are trying to pull the computer out into the real world of people. To do this, we are combining robotics and vision technology with speech understanding systems and agent-based architectures to provide ready-at-hand computation and information services for people engaged in day-to-day activities, both on their own and in conjunction with others. We have built a layered architecture where, at the bottom level, vision systems track people and identify their activities and gestures, and, through word spotting, decide whether people in the room are talking to each other or to the room itself. At the next level, an agent architecture provides a uniform interface to such specially-built systems, and to other off-the-shelf software, such as Web browsers, etc. At the highest level, we are able to build application systems that provide occupants of the room with specialized services; examples we have built include systems for command-and-control situations rooms and as a room for giving presentations.
A simple mouthwash method for obtaining genomic DNA in molecular epidemiological studies. (1998)

Genomic DNA for genetic analyses has traditionally been derived from blood samples. With the availability of PCR techniques requiring only minute amounts of DNA and the current demand for high-volume testing, a less invasive, simpler to perform, and cheaper method to obtain DNA is desirable. We developed a method to obtain high-quality genomic DNA from buccal cells that has high acceptability and allows for a large number of PCR assays from a single sample. Sixty subjects vigorously swished 10 ml of undiluted commercial mouthwash in the mouth for 60 s and expelled the liquid into a collection container. DNA was isolated from the buccal cells with a rapid method using proteinase K digestion, phenol-chloroform extraction, and ethanol precipitation. Electrophoretic analysis of the extracted DNA showed detectable levels of high molecular weight genomic DNA in all samples. The DNA yields ranged from 0.2 to 134.0 microg, for an average of 49.7 microg. Using these samples, all 60 subjects were successfully genotyped by PCR-based assays for polymorphisms in the CYP1A1 (MspI and exon 7), CYP2E1 (RsaI), GSTM1, GSTT1, and NQO1 genes, confirming that the quality of DNA isolated from mouthwash samples was sufficient to reliably support PCR amplification. Storage of the (unprocessed) specimens at room temperature or at 37 degrees C for 1 week (temperature conditions that may be encountered when mailing samples) or at -20 degrees C for at least 6 months did not affect the DNA yield or ability to PCR amplify the samples. The results suggest that this mouthwash procedure may be suitable for large community-based studies of genetic susceptibility to disease in which samples can be collected by the participants themselves, mailed back to the study center, and stored for months prior to DNA analysis.
Isoforms of apolipoprotein A-II in human plasma and thoracic duct lymph. Identification of proapolipoprotein A-II and sialic acid-containing isoforms. (1985)

Proapolipoprotein (apo-) A-II and several isoforms of apo-A-II including sialylated isoforms were identified in human plasma and thoracic duct lymph. Proapo-A-II secreted by HepG2 cells was identified by a combination of immunoblots and [14C]arginine incorporation. Proapo-A-II which contains 2 arginine residues could be readily differentiated from mature apo-A-II which contains no arginine. The pI of proapo-A-II is 6.79, whereas the pI of the major apo-A-II isoform in plasma and lymph is 4.90. Minor apo-A-II isoforms have pI values of 5.17, 4.68, 4.42, and 4.20, respectively. Sialoisoforms of apo-A-II were identified, which had a higher apparent molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis than the major isoform and disappeared following neuraminidase treatment. The relative quantity of proapo-A-II was relatively constant in lymph very low density lipoproteins, lymph high density lipoproteins, and plasma high density lipoproteins, whereas the sialoforms and the other minor isoforms of apo-A-II were greater in lymph very low density lipoproteins and the lowest in plasma high density lipoproteins.
Emerging biological insights and novel treatment strategies in multiple myeloma (2012)

MM patient outcome has remarkably improved due to the use of three to four drug combination therapies including PIs and IMiDs, which target the tumor in its bone marrow microenvironment, however MM treatment remains challenging. The use of high-throughput techniques has allowed to discover new insights into MM biology. The identification of candidate therapeutic targets and availability of respective investigative agents will allow for a substantial progress in the development and implementation of personalized medicine in MM.
Fractal compression of data structures (1994)

The application of fractal geometry to database structures is demonstrated using existing technology. Fractal data compression has the advantage of shrinking large amounts of data for storage and analysis with minimal loss of information. Fractals minimize the need for defining a specific database topology-a property suitable in object-oriented design. Fractals represent the atomic (smallest) element of information. Through recursive properties fractals support the construction of relationships between atomic elements and their derivatives: for instance in defining virtual objects or groups.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Testing of nine different xeno-free culture media for human embryonic stem cell cultures (2007)

None of the studied xeno-free media was able to maintain the undifferentiated growth of hESC. The medium containing 20% human serum was found to sustain undifferentiated hESC proliferation to some extent, yet was inferior to the conventional ko-SR-containing medium.
Cloning and Analysis of a Cryptosporidium parvum Gene Encoding a Protein with Homology to Cytoplasmic Form Hsp70 (1995)

An intronless gene encoding a protein of 674 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 73,403 Da showing homology to the cytoplasmic form of the 70 kDa heat shock proteins has been cloned and sequenced from the intestinal pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum. Monospecific polyclonal antibodies obtained to recombinant protein recognized a single band with an approximate molecular mass of 70 kDa on a Western blot of C. parvum proteins, as well as the 70 kDa heat shock protein from bovine brain. Southern blot analysis suggested the gene was single copy in the C. parvum genome. Eleven perfect repeats of the sequence GGMP were found in the predicted protein near the carboxyl terminus.
Cutaneous gene transfer and therapy: the present and the future (2001)

The easy accessibility of the skin as a therapeutic target provides an exciting potential for this organ for the development of gene therapy protocols for cutaneous diseases and a variety of metabolic disorders. Thus far, full phenotypic reversion of a diseased phenotype has been achieved in vivo for junctional epidermolysis bullosa and X-linked or lamellar ichthyosis and in vitro for xeroderma pigmentosum. These recessive skin diseases are characterized by skin blistering, abnormalities in epidermal differentiation and increased development of skin cancers, respectively. Corrective gene delivery at both molecular and functional levels was achieved by transduction of cultured skin cells using retroviral vectors carrying the specific curative cDNA. These positive results should prompt clinical trials based on transplantation of artificial epithelia reconstructed ex vivo using genetically modified keratinocytes. Promising results have also been obtained in phenotypic reversion of cells isolated from patients suffering from a number of metabolic diseases such as gyrate atrophy, familial hypercholesterolemia or phenylketonuria. In these diseases transplantation of autologous artificial epithelia expressing the transgenes of interest or direct transfer of the DNA to the skin represents a potential therapeutic approach for the systemic delivery of active molecules. Successful cutaneous gene therapy trials, however, require development of protocols for efficient gene transfer to epidermal stem cells, and information about the host immune response to the recombinant polypeptides produced by the implanted keratinocytes. The availability of spontaneous animal models for genodermatoses will validate the gene therapy approach in preclinical trials.
OsMADS51 Is a Short-Day Flowering Promoter That Functions Upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a (2007)

Although flowering regulatory mechanisms have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), those in other species have not been well elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of OsMADS51, a type I MADS-box gene in the short-day (SD) promotion pathway in rice (Oryza sativa). In SDs OsMADS51 null mutants flowered 2 weeks later than normal, whereas in long days loss of OsMADS51 had little effect on flowering. Transcript levels of three flowering regulators-Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a-were decreased in these mutants, whereas those of OsGI and Hd1 were unchanged. Ectopic expression of OsMADS51 caused flowering to occur about 7 d earlier only in SDs. In ectopic expression lines, transcript levels of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a were increased, but those of OsGI and Hd1 remained the same. These results indicate that OsMADS51 is a flowering promoter, particularly in SDs, and that this gene functions upstream of Ehd1, OsMADS14, and Hd3a. To further investigate the relationship with other flowering promoters, we generated transgenic plants in which expression of Ehd1 or OsGI was suppressed. In Ehd1 RNA interference plants, OsMADS51 expression was not affected, supporting our conclusion that the MADS-box gene functions upstream of Ehd1. However, in OsGI antisense plants, the OsMADS51 transcript level was reduced. In addition, the circadian expression pattern for this MADS-box gene was similar to that for OsGI. These results demonstrate that OsMADS51 functions downstream of OsGI. In summary, OsMADS51 is a novel flowering promoter that transmits a SD promotion signal from OsGI to Ehd1.
Facile synthesis of high quality mesoporous SBA-15 with enhanced control of the porous network connectivity and wall thickness (2003)

Convenient and commercially viable synthesis conditions are described, providing efficient and reproducible control of pore connectivity and pore wall thickness for the synthesis of high quality SBA-15 mesoporous silica.