gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transition Temperatures for n-Alkyltrichlorosilane Monolayers (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentTransition Temperatures for n-Alkyltrichlorosilane MonolayersR. R. RyeView Author Information Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 Cite this: Langmuir 1997, 13, 9, 2588–2590Publication Date (Web):April 30, 1997Publication History Received26 September 1996Published online30 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la960934uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/la960934uarticle-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views717Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (102 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Hydroxyls,Layers,Lipids,Monolayers,Transition temperature Get e-Alerts
Relation between steady-state force and intracellular [Ca2+] in intact human myocardium. Index of myofibrillar responsiveness to Ca2+. (1990)

A novel approach was developed allowing the measurement of steady-state force and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in tetanized human ventricular trabeculae carneae without pharmacological intervention. We compared and contrasted three methods of assessing calcium sensitivity of the myofilaments: 1) force-[Ca2+] relations in skinned fiber preparations, 2) peak twitch force-peak [Ca2+]i relations, and 3) steady-state force-[Ca2+]i relations in intact muscles. Steady-state contractile activation was achieved rapidly by tetanizing intact human trabeculae, loaded with aequorin, a Ca2(+)-sensitive bioluminescent protein, at a stimulation frequency of 15-20 Hz. Steady-state force and [Ca2+]i were measured during tetani, and the force versus [Ca2+]i relation was obtained by varying the extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]o). Force-[Ca2+]i relations obtained from control and myopathic hearts were fitted to the Hill equation: %Force = [Ca2+]inh/([Ca2+]inh50% + [Ca2+]inh), where nh is the Hill coefficient, and [Ca2+]50% is the [Ca2+] required for 50% activation. The curves of tetani had Hill coefficients of 5.21 +/- 0.20 (n = 6) and 5.61 +/- 0.60 (n = 10) and [Ca2+]50% of 0.56 +/- 0.05 microM (n = 6) and 0.54 +/- 0.09 microM (n = 10) in control and myopathic muscles, respectively. We also constructed peak force-peak [Ca2+]i relations using isometric twitches from the same muscles. These curves were shifted toward higher [Ca2+]i compared with the steady-state force-[Ca2+]i curve derived from tetani. Ryanodine (1 microM), which increased the time course of the Ca2+ and force transients, shifted the peak force-peak [Ca2+]i relation to the left, without affecting the steady-state force-[Ca2+]i relation. Exposure to 10 mM caffeine shifted the steady-state force-[Ca2+]i relation to the left, whereas exposure to 3 microM isoproterenol shifted this relation to the right. Experiments using skinned fiber preparations were performed in parallel with experiments on intact muscles from the same hearts. The force-pCa (-log[Ca2+]) relations in saponin-skinned trabeculae from control and myopathic tissue were superimposable. Ryanodine (1 microM) had no effect on the force-pCa relation in skinned fibers. Maximal tension was evoked by the posttetanic twitch, which was larger than the tetanus. This potentiation was abolished in the presence of ryanodine, a sarcoplasmic reticulum inhibitor. We propose that the changes in the steady-state force-[Ca2+]i relations are correlated with alterations in the sensitivity of the myofilaments to Ca2+, whereas changes in the peak force-peak [Ca2+]i relations represent temporal changes in the twitch transient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Calorimetric determination of the enthalpy change for the alpha-helix to coil transition of an alanine peptide in water. (1991)

The enthalpy change (delta H) accompanying the alpha-helix to random coil transition in water has been determined calorimetrically for a 50-residue peptide of defined sequence that contains primarily alanine. The enthalpy of helix formation is one of the basic parameters needed to predict thermal unfolding curves for peptide helices and it provides a starting point for analysis of the peptide hydrogen bond. The experimental uncertainty in delta H reflects the fact that the transition curve is too broad to measure in its entirety, which precludes fitting the baselines directly. A lower limit for delta H of unfolding, 0.9 kcal/mol per residue, is given by assuming that the change in heat capacity (delta Cp) is zero, and allowing the baseline to intersect the transition curve at the lowest measured Cp value. Use of the van't Hoff equation plus least-squares fitting to determine a more probable baseline gives delta H = 1.3 kcal/mol per residue. Earlier studies of poly(L-lysine) and poly(L-glutamate) have given 1.1 kcal/mol per residue. Those investigations, along with our present result, suggest that the side chain has little effect on delta H. The possibility that the peptide hydrogen bond shows a correspondingly large delta H, and the implications for protein stability, are discussed.
Scanwave: A new approach to enhancing spectral data on a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (2010)

A new type of mass analyzer is described, which allows low-resolution axial ion ejection to be obtained from a traveling wave based, stacked ring collision cell. Linking this ejection temporally with the scanning of the second quadrupole of a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer provides an improvement in sampling duty cycle, which results in significant signal intensity improvements for scanning acquisitions such as product ion spectra. A near 100% storage efficiency is enabled by a split cell design, which allows ion fragmentation and accumulation to be performed in one section of the collision cell whilst previously accumulated ions are simultaneously ejected from the rear of the cell. These characteristics combine to give an m/z-dependent signal gain of 7-20x over a conventional scanning quadrupole for a 1000 Th scan. The ability to swap very rapidly from a non-enhanced mode of operation to an enhanced mode whilst retaining the existing sensitivity, speed, and functionality of a conventional tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer is also described.
Peer-to-peer affine commitment using bitcoin (2015)

The power of linear and affine logic lies in their ability to model state change. However, in a trustless, peer-to-peer setting, it is difficult to force principals to commit to state changes. We show how to solve the peer-to-peer affine commitment problem using a generalization of Bitcoin in which transactions deal in types rather than numbers. This has applications to proof-carrying authorization and mechanically executable contracts. Importantly, our system can be---and is---implemented on top of the existing Bitcoin network, so there is no need to recruit computing power to a new protocol.
Dexmedetomidine infusion to facilitate opioid detoxification and withdrawal in a patient with chronic opioid abuse (2011)

Many patients are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for acute intoxication, serious complication of overdose, or withdrawal symptoms of illicit drugs. An acute withdrawal of drugs with addiction potential is associated with a sympathetic overactivity leading to marked psychomimetic disturbances. Acute intoxication or withdrawal of such drugs is often associated with life-threatening complications which require ICU admission and necessitate prolonged sedative analgesic medications, weaning from which is often complicated by withdrawal and other psychomimetic symptoms. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 (α2 ) agonist, has been used successfully to facilitate withdrawal and detoxification of various drugs and also to control delirium in ICU patients. Herein, we report a case of a chronic opioid abuse (heroin) patient admitted with acute overdose complications leading to a prolonged ICU course requiring sedative-analgesic medication; the drug withdrawal-related symptoms further complicated the weaning process. Dexmedetomidine infusion was successfully used as a sedative-analgesic to control the withdrawal-related psychomimetic symptoms and to facilitate smooth detoxification and weaning from opioid and other sedatives.
Direct visualization at the single-cell level of electrically mediated gene delivery (2002)

Electropermeabilization is one of the nonviral methods successfully used to transfer genes into living cells in vitro and in vivo. Although this approach shows promise in the field of gene therapy, very little is known about the basic processes supporting DNA transfer. The present investigation studies this process at the single-cell level by using digitized fluorescence microscopy. Permeabilization is a prerequisite for gene transfer. Its assay by propidium-iodide (PI) penetration shows that it occurs at the sides of the cell membrane facing the two electrodes, whereas fluorescently labeled plasmids only interact with the electropermeabilized side of the cell facing the cathode. The plasmid interaction with the electropermeabilized part of the cell surface results in the formation of localized aggregates. These membrane-associated spots are formed only when pulses with a longer duration than a critical value are applied. These complexes are formed within 1 s after the pulses and cannot be destroyed by pulses of reversed polarities. They remain at the membrane level up to 10 min after pulsing. Although freely accessible to DNA dye (TOTO-1) 1 min after the pulses, they are fully protected when the addition takes place 10 min after. They diffuse in the cytoplasm 30 min after pulses and are present around the nucleus 24 h later.
S4–02–03: Cortical and sub–cortical changes in preclinical and clincial stages of Alzheimer's disease assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (2006)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the degeneration of specific cortical and subcortical areas, including the limbic system, association cortex and cholinergic basal forebrain. Neurodegeneration in AD precedes onset of dementia by several years so that significant loss of neurons is present already in predementia stages of AD, such as patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or non–demented elderly subjects with Down syndrome (DS). Volumetric measurements using MRI can serve as in vivo surrogate measures of regional neuron loss. To determine the regional pattern of cortical and subcortical degeneration using MRI in patients with AD, patients with MCI and non–demented subjects with DS. We investigated patients with clinically probable AD, patients with MCI and non–demented adults with DS using volumetric MRI and proton density weighted imaging of the basal forebrain. We applied manual volumetric measurements of medial temporal lobe subvolumes, including hippocampus, amygdala and entorhinal cortex, corpus callosum area as well as automated voxel based analysis of cortical atrophy and signal loss in basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei. We used reconstructions of histological sections through post mortem MRI to obtain a reference atlas of basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei in MRI standard space. We found significant atrophy of hippocampus and corpus callosum already in predementia and preclinical stages of AD. Using cortical grey matter maps, we found specific atrophy of grey matter not only in medial temporal lobe but also in parietal and temporal association neocortex in predementia and preclinical stages of AD. Additionally, we found reduced signal in basal forebrain regions corresponding to the sites of Nucleus basalis Meynert cholinergic nuclei in AD patients compared to controls. These signal reductions were region–specifically associated with cortical grey matter reductions in the AD patients. AD is accompanied by allocortical and neocortical neurodegeneration already in preclinical and predementia stages of the disease. Moreover, MRI can be employed to determine degeneration of cholinergic nuclei in AD in vivo. These findings have important implications for our understanding of AD–related neurodegeneration and provide potential new clinical markers for early diagnosis of AD and mapping of treatment effects.
Lessons learned from a highly-active CD22-specific chimeric antigen receptor (2013)

CD22 is an attractive target for the development of immunotherapeutic approaches for the therapy of B-cell malignancies. In particular, an m971 antibody-derived, second generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that targets CD22 holds significant therapeutic promise. The key aspect for the development of such a highly-active CAR was its ability to target a membrane-proximal epitope of CD22.
Endothelial cells assemble two distinct α6β4-containing vimentin-associated structures: roles for ligand binding and the β4 cytoplasmic tail (1998)

The alpha6beta4 laminin binding integrin functions in the assembly of type I hemidesmosomes, which are specialized cell-matrix adhesion sites found in stratified epithelial cells. Although endothelial cells do not express all the components of type I hemidesmosomes, endothelial cells can express the alpha6beta4 integrin. Because endothelial cells lose expression of alpha6beta4 in culture, we expressed recombinant alpha6beta4 in the dermal microvascular endothelial cell line, HMEC-1, to test whether endothelial cells can assemble adhesion structures containing alpha6beta4. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that recombinant alpha6beta4 concentrates specifically in a novel fibrillar structure on the basal surface of endothelial cells in the absence of an exogenous laminin substrate. This localization is regulated by an intracellular mechanism, because the beta4 cytoplasmic domain is sufficient to direct a reporter domain (IL-2R) to the fibrillar structures independently of recombinant alpha6beta4. In addition, this IL-2R-beta4 chimera is sufficient to recruit the intermediate filament-associated protein HD1/plectin to these fibrillar structures and this also occurs in the absence of recombinant alpha6beta4. The fibrillar localization pattern, as well as the recruitment of HD1/plectin, requires the first and second fibronectin type III repeats and the connecting segment of the beta4 tail. In addition, when endothelial cells are provided a laminin 5-rich matrix, recombinant alpha6beta4 redistributes from the fibrillar structure to type I hemidesmosome-like structures. The beta4 cytoplasmic domain can also direct a reporter domain to these type I hemidesmosome-like structures; however, this process is dependent upon the expression of recombinant alpha6beta4 Biochemical analysis indicates that both the fibrillar and the type I hemidesmosome-like structures are associated with the vimentin intermediate filament cytoskeleton. Thus, the results illustrate that endothelial cells have the essential components necessary to assemble at least two distinct alpha6beta4-containing and vimentin-associated structures on their basal surface and that the alpha6beta4 cytoplasmic tail and the availability of specific alph6beta4 ligands regulate receptor localization to these structures.
Selective silencing of disease-associated B-lymphocytes by chimeric molecules targeting their Fc IIb receptor (2007)

The presently used approaches to silence autoreactive disease-associated B cells act indiscriminately and more specific therapies are obviously needed. In the present study, we analyze the ability of a chimeric antibody to suppress selectively pathological autoreactive B-lymphocytes in lupus-prone mice by cross-linking their surface Ig receptors with the inhibitory IgG Fc gamma RIIb receptors. The chimera was constructed by coupling an immunodominant mouse Histone 1 peptide to a rat monoclonal anti-mouse CD32 (Fc gamma RIIb) antibody. The administration of these chimeric molecules to MRL/lpr mice with initial and with full-blown disease resulted in the reduction of the levels of IgG anti-Histone 1 antibodies, of the albuminuria levels, of the size of lymphoid organs and in prevention of the development of skin lesions. The observed effect was limited to lupus-associated B cells only, as the treatment did not decrease the IgG antibody response to an administered foreign antigen. This study demonstrates the possibility to silence selectively autoreactive B cells and to delay the progression of an autoimmune disease using chimeric antibody molecules.
Pervasive regulation of Drosophila Notch target genes by GY-box-, Brd-box-, and K-box-class microRNAs (2005)

Although hundreds of distinct animal microRNAs (miRNAs) are known, the specific biological functions of only a handful are understood at present. Here, we demonstrate that three different families of Drosophila miRNAs directly regulate two large families of Notch target genes, including basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) repressor and Bearded family genes. These miRNAs regulate Notch target gene activity via GY-box (GUCUUCC), Brd-box (AGCUUUA), and K-box (cUGUGAUa) motifs. These are conserved sites in target 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) that are complementary to the 5'-ends of miRNAs, or "seed" regions. Collectively, these motifs represent >40 miRNA-binding sites in Notch target genes, and we show all three classes of motif to be necessary and sufficient for miRNA-mediated regulation in vivo. Importantly, many of the validated miRNA-binding sites have limited pairing to miRNAs outside of the "box:seed" region. Consistent with this, we find that seed-related miRNAs that are otherwise quite divergent can regulate the same target sequences. Finally, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of several Notch-regulating miRNAs induces mutant phenotypes that are characteristic of Notch pathway loss of function, including loss of wing margin, thickened wing veins, increased bristle density, and tufted bristles. Collectively, these data establish insights into miRNA target recognition and demonstrate that the Notch signaling pathway is a major target of miRNA-mediated regulation in Drosophila.
Analysis of Bifenthrin Degrading Bacteria from Rhizosphere of Plants Growing at Tannery Solid Waste (2015)

Bifenthrin is an insecticide which is used to control insects, mites, and ticks. It poses a solemn en-vironmental threat and health risk to living organisms. It may be bioaccumulated or biomagnified at different trophic levels in the food chain by biota. Microbes are hidden creature of earth’s biodiversity. For isolation of bifenthrin degrading bacteria, rhizospheric soil samples of plants like Pisum sativum, Triticun aestvum, Chenopodium album were taken from tannery solid waste, Kasur, Pakistan. Enrichment culture techniques were used for the isolation of bacterial strains that showed luxurious growth on minimal growth media with bifenthrin dose was selected for biodegradation study. Bacteria were further screened out based on their morphological, biochemical parameters and degradation efficiency. Furthermore the effect of different growth factors like temperature, pH, inoculum concencentration, minimal inhibitory concentration of heavy metals and antibiotics were also studied. Bacterial strains of Xanthomonas and Bacillus sp. were identified as efficient degrading microbes. Maximum bifenthrin utilization were observed at 25°C (pH 7), with 500 μL inoculum of Bacillus sp., while Xanthomonas sp. gave optimm utilization at 30°C (pH 7) at the same inoculum volume of bacteria. The Rf values of Bacillus sp. and Xanthomonas sp. were 0.91 and 0.90 respectively, which indicated their potential to metabolize bifenthrin into nontoxic forms. These strains can be used to clean up the sites polluted with pesticides and tannery wastes when present in rhizosphere of plants.
Inhibition of rabbit globin mRNA translation by sequence-specific oligodeoxyribonucleotides (1985)

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides 8-12 nucleotides in length whose sequences are complementary to the 5' end, the initiation codon regions, or the coding regions of rabbit globin mRNA were tested for their ability to inhibit translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate and in a wheat germ extract. The oligomers interact specifically with their target mRNAs as shown by their ability to serve as primers with reverse transcriptase. In the reticulocyte lysate, oligomers complementary to the 5' end or the initiation codon regions inhibit translation of both alpha- and beta-globin mRNA, whereas oligomers complementary to the coding regions have little or no effect. This suggests that reticulocyte ribosomes are able to displace the oligomers from the mRNA during the elongation but not the initiation step of translation. In the wheat germ system, translation was effectively inhibited by all oligomers regardless of their binding site on the message. In contrast to their behavior in the reticulocyte system, the oligomers inhibited alpha- and beta-globin synthesis in a specific manner. This observation suggests that control of alpha- and beta-globin mRNA translation is coordinated in the reticulocyte lysate system but not in the wheat germ extract. The results of our studies indicate that oligodeoxyribonucleotides may be useful probes for studying control of mRNA translation in cell-free systems.
Stacking interactions of ApA analogues with modified backbones (1992)

CD spectra have been measured as a function of temperature for a number of ApA analogues with modified backbones. Oligonucleotides with these modified backbones are being used as antisense agents having potential as viral therapeutics. Results of these studies show that when a carbonyl is substituted for the phosphate to produce an uncharged backbone, the analogues that have either sugar or morpholino substitution do not stack. In contrast, when a morpholino group is substituted for the sugar and the phosphate is modified so as to be uncharged, there is strong base stacking. Stacking interactions in the phosphorus-linked morpholino analogues are at least as strong as those found in d(ApA). The stacking interactions in ApA are weak by comparison. Singular value decomposition demonstrates that the stacking is two state, and Taylor series decomposition yields a coefficient that measures base stacking interactions. The van't Hoff equation is applied to the base stacking coefficient from the Taylor series fitting to give thermodynamic parameters.
Immunotherapy of head and neck cancer (1998)

Despite advances in surgical chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic techniques, the overall cure rates for head and neck cancer have been disappointing. There is experimental and clinical evidence that deficiencies in the immune system play an important role in the initiation and propagation of cancer. Several strategies have been investigated to try to correct these deficiencies and also to improve the immune response. This article reviews proposed mechanisms of immunosuppression, techniques in nonspecific immunotherapy, use of tumor-infiltrating and cytokine-activated lymphocytes, discoveries and potential uses of tumor antigens, and advances in immunogene therapy in head and neck cancer. These mechanisms of immunotherapy may become an important modality in the treatment of head and neck cancer.