gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complete nucleotide sequences of bovine alpha S2- and beta-casein cDNAs: comparisons with related sequences in other species. (1987)

The nucleotide sequences corresponding to bovine alpha S2- and beta-casein mRNAs have been determined by cDNA analysis. Both sequences appear to be complete at their 5' ends. The nucleotide sequence of alpha S2-casein, when compared with the corresponding cavine A sequence, helps to define the boundaries of a large amino acid repeat (approximately 80 residues) whereas comparisons with the nucleotide sequences of rat gamma- and mouse epsilon-casein mRNAs also reveal extensive sequence similarities. An alignment of these four sequences shows that the divergence of their translated regions has been characterized by the duplication and deletion of discrete segments of sequence that probably correspond to exons. A high degree of nucleotide substitution is also found when the four sequences are compared, except for well-conserved leader-peptide and phosphorylation-site sequences and, to a lesser extent, the 5'-untranslated regions. Similar comparison of the bovine and rat beta-caseins shows that their divergence has involved a high rate of nucleotide substitution but that no major insertions or deletions of sequence have occurred. The several splice sites that have veen defined in the rat beta-casein gene are likely to have been conserved in the bovine. The contrasting evolutionary histories of the alpha- and beta-casein coding sequences correlate with the distinctive functions of these proteins in the casein micelle system in milk.
Detection and cloning of a common region of loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 1p in breast cancer. (1995)

The short arm of chromosome 1 is frequently affected by rearrangements in a variety of human malignancies. Genetic alterations, predominantly deletions, which are indicative of the presence of a putative tumor suppressor gene at chromosome 1p, are observed in breast cancer. In order to define the altered locus, eleven highly polymorphic microsatellite markers on chromosome 1p were used to detect loss of heterozygosity. We analyzed 52 cases of breast cancer and found 4 common deleted regions at chromosome 1p. Twenty-two of 52 (42%) informative patients showed at least 1 affected locus. The region most frequently exhibiting loss of heterozygosity was 1p31 (11/39; 28%); the other three common deleted regions were 1p36 (10/44; 23%), 1p35-36 (5/40; 13%), and 1p13 (8/39; 21%). These data suggest that one or more putative tumor suppressor genes may reside on chromosome 1p. We have cloned the entire region of interest at 1p31 in yeast artificial chromosomes. This yeast artificial chromosome contig can be used for fine mapping of the region and cloning of the candidate tumor suppressor gene.
Potentiation of drug effect by Tween 80 in Chinese hamster cells resistant to actinomycin D and daunomycin. (1972)

Summary In vitro studies of Chinese hamster sublines have indicated that cellular resistance to actinomycin D and daunomycin is predominantly due to decreased uptake of drug. Very probably, the alteration mediating resistance occurs in the external cell membrane. For substantiation of these previous findings, sensitive and resistant sublines were grown in the presence of graded concentrations of antibiotics, of the surface-active, nonionic detergent Tween 80 and of various combinations of both. Tween 80 caused a marked potentiation of drug effect, particularly in resistant cells, which exhibited a considerable degree of cross-resistance to the surfactant. Increased uptake of tritiated actinomycin D and daunomycin in the presence of Tween 80 was shown by radioautography to be directly related to concentration of detergent. Both potentiation of drug effect in growth studies and enhancement of uptake of antibiotics strongly support the concept that experimentally developed resistance to antibiotics in these Chinese hamster cells is in large part due to an acquired alteration manifest at the cellular membrane.
Leg lengthening by closed metaphyseal corticotomy. (1983)

A new method of limb lengthening is presented which can be used after closure of the epiphyses. It consists of interruption of the cortex by a closed technique at the metaphyseal level through a 1 cm incision. Fixation and progressive distraction are achieved by means of a special encircling external fixation device using crossed wires under tension. The rationale and technique are described and the results are reported and illustrated. These show that the method is more reliable, quicker and has fewer complications than the standard techniques.
Measurement of cell density and necrotic fraction in human melanoma xenografts by diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (2000)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) could be used as measures of cell density and necrotic fraction of tumors. Tumors of four human melanoma xenograft lines were subjected to diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). ADCs were calculated from the images and related to cell density and necrotic fraction, as determined from histological sections. A significant correlation was found between the ADC of the viable tissue and cell density, regardless of whether tumors of different lines or different regions within individual tumors were considered. Necrosis was found in two of the lines. A single region of massive necrosis that could be differentiated from the viable tissue in ADC maps was found in one line, whereas a number of smaller necrotic regions that could not be identified in ADC maps were found in the other line. Tumor ADC was significantly correlated with the necrotic fraction of the former, but not of the latter line. Our results suggest that ADCs can be used as measures of cell density and necrotic fraction of some but not of all tumors, depending on whether the individual necrotic regions are large enough to be differentiated from the viable tissue with the obtained spatial resolution of the DW images. Magn Reson Med 43:828-836, 2000.
Transient Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in CD3 monoclonal antibody-treated patients (2009)

Here we report a unique situation in which an early and synchronized Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation was induced by a 6-day course of treatment with a humanized CD3-specific monoclonal antibody in patients with recent onset of type 1 diabetes. The virologic and immunologic analysis demonstrated that this reactivation was transient, self-limited, and isolated, associated with the rapid advent of an EBV-specific T-cell response. The anti-CD3 antibody administration induced short-lasting immunosuppression and minor yet clear-cut signs of T-cell activation that preceded viral reactivation. Early posttransplant monitoring of renal and islet allograft recipients showed that no comparable phenomenon was observed after the administration of full-dose immunosuppressive therapy. This EBV reactivation remains of no apparent clinical concern over the long term and should not preclude further development of therapeutic anti-CD3 antibodies. This phenomenon may also direct new research avenues to understand the still ill-defined nature of stimuli triggering EBV reactivation in vivo.
Formation of specific afferent connections in organotypic slice cultures from rat visual cortex cocultured with lateral geniculate nucleus (1992)

The development of the cerebral cortex involves the specification of intrinsic circuitry and extrinsic connections, the pattern of inputs and outputs. To investigate the development of a major afferent input to the cortex, we studied the formation of thalamocortical connections in an organotypic culture system. Slices from the lateral thalamus of young rats were cocultured with slices from the visual cortex. Thalamocortical projections in vitro were examined anatomically with fluorescent dyes and physiologically with electrophysiological and optical recording techniques. Axons emerged from thalamic explants radially in all directions. The outgrowth of thalamic fibers and the course of the axonal trajectories were not influenced by the presence of the cocultured cortex. Only those thalamic axons that happened to grow toward the cortical slices invaded their target tissue. Thalamocortical projection cell in vitro had the characteristic morphology of thalamic relay neurons. Cells with the morphology of interneurons were present in thalamic explants, but these neurons did not project to the cocultured cortex. Thalamocortical axons in vitro terminated in their appropriate cortical target layer, formed axonal arbors, and made functional synaptic contacts. Such specific connections between thalamic neurons and their cortical target cells were established regardless of whether thalamocortical axons invaded the cortex from the white matter side or from the pial surface. These results suggest that thalamic projection neurons have an innate mechanism that allows them to recognize their cortical target cells. Thus, intrinsic factors play a significant role in the laminar specification of cortical connections during development.
URIDINE-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES OBTAINED WITH SYNTHETIC ANTIGENS (1964)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Targets for Vascular Protection After Acute Ischemic Stroke (2004)

Pharmacological agents designed to target specific pathologic and protective processes affecting the vasculature should be used in clinical trials of vascular protection after acute ischemic stroke.
Graft polymerization of methyl acrylate onto granular starch: Comparison of the Fe+2/H2O2 and ceric initiating systems (1996)

Graft polymerizations of methyl acrylate (MA) onto granular cornstarch were carried out in water with both ferrous ammonium sulfate/hydrogen peroxide (FAS/H2O2) and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) initiation. Starch concentrations were 10, 20, and 30% in water, and the amount of MA used was either 0.5, 1, or 2 mol per AGU of starch. Two concentrations of FAS/H2O2 were used: 1 mol each of FAS and H2O2 per 100 AGU of starch, and 1 mol per 1000 AGU. Significant amounts of acetone-extractable PMA homopolymer were produced, and homopolymer formation was especially high at the 1:100 ratio. Sharp exotherms were observed, and reaction mixtures reached maximum temperature within 2 min or less. Total conversions of MA to PMA were higher at the 1:100 ratio, and conversions in some polymerizations were nearly quantitative. CAN-initiated polymerizations were run under the same conditions used for FAS/H2O2; however, the amount of CAN used was limited to 1 mol per 100 AGU because of low conversions at the 1:1000 ratio. Compared with FAS/H2O2, CAN gave more moderate exotherms; and longer time periods were required for reaction mixtures to reach maximum temperature. CAN gave quantitative conversions of MA to PMA, but only low percentages of PMA homopolymer were observed. Differences between FAS/H2O2 and CAN initiation are consistent with differences in the two initiation mechanisms. High levels of homopolymer produced on starch granule surface with FAS/H2O2 could be seen in scanning electron micrographs and were also apparent in infrared spectra obtained with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) cell. ATR spectra of acetone-extracted products indicated that the amount of PMA actually grafted to starch granule surfaces was similar with both initiating systems. Tensile properties of extruded ribbons prepared from these polymers did not vary greatly with the initiator used. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.1 This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Complement receptor (CR1) deficiency in erythrocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (1982)

This study reports quantitative information on the concentration of complement receptor for C3b and C4b (CR1) on erythrocytes from normal individuals and patients with immune complex disease. The measurements were performed by an immunoradiometric assay using monoclonal antibodies against CR1. The antibody specificity was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of CR1 from extracts of surface-labeled cells, by inhibition of rosette formation between B lymphocytes and the erythrocytes intermediate EAC14oxy23b, and by the characteristic distribution of the antigen among cells of human peripheral blood. The number of CR1 molecules in erythrocytes from 52 normal individuals was estimated as 1,410 +/- 620. No significant differences in CR1 levels were observed when individuals were grouped by sex, age, or blood groups. In patients with SLE and rheumatoid arthritis, the number of CR1 molecules per RBC was significantly lower, i.e., 600 +/- 307 and 903 +/- 417, respectively. CR1 levels were normal in asthmatics undergoing long-term treatment with prednisone. In SLE patients, significant correlations were found between CR1 levels, C4 hemolytic titers, and levels of circulating immune complexes. In two out of four patients with SLE, CR1 levels increased significantly during remission, showing that the deficiency is, at least in part, reversible. The deficiency in CR1 could be genetically controlled or could represent an epiphenomenon caused by the interaction of the receptor with a ligand present in the circulation of patients.
Interaction of Biotin with Streptavidin (1997)

The effect of biotin binding on streptavidin (STV) structure and stability was studied using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and fluorescence spectroscopy. Biotin increases the midpoint temperature Tm, of thermally induced denaturation of STV from 75 degrees C in unliganded protein to 112 degrees C at full ligand saturation. The cooperativity of thermally induced unfolding of STV changes substantially in presence of biotin. Unliganded STV monomer has at least one domain that unfolds independently. The dimer bound to biotin undergoes a single coupled denaturation process. Simulations of thermograms of STV denaturation that take into account only the thermodynamic effects of the ligand with a Ka approximately 10(15) reproduce the behavior observed, but the estimated values of Tm are 15-20 degrees C lower than those experimentally determined. This increased stability is attributed to an enhanced cooperativity of the thermal unfolding of STV. The increment in the cooperativity is as consequence of a stronger intersubunit association and an increased structural order upon binding. FT-IR and fluorescence spectroscopy data reveal that unordered structure found in unliganded STV disappears under fully saturating conditions. The data provide a rationale for previous suggestions that biotin binding induces an increase in protein tightness (structural cooperativity) leading, in turn, to a higher thermostability.
Phase conjugation in the ocean: Experimental demonstration of an acoustic time-reversal mirror (1998)

An experiment conducted in the Mediterranean Sea in April 1996 demonstrated that a time-reversal mirror (or phase conjugate array) can be implemented to spatially and temporally refocus an incident acoustic field back to its origin. The experiment utilized a vertical source–receiver array (SRA) spanning 77 m of a 125-m water column with 20 sources and receivers and a single source/receiver transponder (SRT) colocated in range with another vertical receive array (VRA) of 46 elements spanning 90 m of a 145-m water column located 6.3 km from the SRA. Phase conjugation was implemented by transmitting a 50-ms pulse from the SRT to the SRA, digitizing the received signal and retransmitting the time reversed signals from all the sources of the SRA. The retransmitted signal then was received at the VRA. An assortment of runs was made to examine the structure of the focal point region and the temporal stability of the process. The phase conjugation process was extremely robust and stable, and the experimental results were consistent with theory.
Human IgM molecules that bind staphylococcal protein A contain VHIII H chains. (1989)

Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) is a bacterial membrane protein which has distinct binding sites for Fc gamma and for the Fab region of some IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE molecules. This study establishes a structure-function correlation responsible for the binding of Ig Fab regions to SPA. Binding of 24 isolated human monoclonal IgM proteins to SPA was measured in a solid phase RIA. VH and V kappa subgroups of each IgM were determined by SDS-PAGE, transfer blotting, and detection with antisera prepared against specific first framework region peptides. Binding to SPA was seen with 10 of 11 VHIII IgM, but none of the 7 VHI or 6 VHII. Similarly, polyclonal IgM fractionated on a SPA-Sepharose CL4B column showed nearly complete partition of VHIII molecules into the SPA-binding fraction, and VHI and VHII subgroup proteins into the fall-through. We conclude that SPA binding is a functional marker for VHIII H chains in human IgM molecules.
Design of single-element laser-beam shape projectors (1996)

The design and fabrication of several single-element laser-beam projectors are described. These projectors take a Gaussian laser beam and expand it into a uniform intensity diverging shape, which can be either a single line, circle, cross, star, or a D. Each element consists of a single segmented surface designed so as to produce the required projected shape.
The Investigation of a Shape Memory Alloy Micro-Damper for MEMS Applications (2007)

Some shape memory alloys like NiTi show noticeable high damping property inpseudoelastic range. Due to its unique characteristics, a NiTi alloy is commonly used forpassive damping applications, in which the energy may be dissipated by the conversion frommechanical to thermal energy. This study presents a shape memory alloy based micro-damper, which exploits the pseudoelasticity of NiTi wires for energy dissipation. Themechanical model and functional principle of the micro-damper are explained in detail.Moreover, the mechanical behavior of NiTi wires subjected to various temperatures, strainrates and strain amplitudes is observed. Resulting from those experimental results, thedamping properties of the micro-damper involving secant stiffness, energy dissipation andloss factor are analyzed. The result indicates the proposed NiTi based micro-damper exhibitsgood energy dissipation ability, compared with conventional materials damper.
Tactical Internet system architecture for Task Force XXI (2002)

This paper provides a general overview of the Tactical Internet (TI) that has been defined and architected for the Task Force XXI (TF XXI) exercise to be performed at the National Training Center (NTC) in March 1997. The basic architecture is defined as well as the reasoning and methodology behind the implementation.
Sea Anemone Peptides with a Specific Blocking Activity against the Fast Inactivating Potassium Channel Kv3.4 (1998)

Sea anemone venom is known to contain toxins that are active on voltage-sensitive Na<sup>+</sup> channels, as well as on delayed rectifier K<sup>+</sup> channels belonging to the Kv1 family. This report describes the properties of a new set of peptides from <i>Anemonia sulcata</i> that act as blockers of a specific member of the Kv3 potassium channel family. These toxins, blood depressing substance (BDS)-I and BDS-II, are 43 amino acids long and differ at only two positions. They share no sequence homologies with other K<sup>+</sup> channel toxins from sea anemones, such as AsKS, AsKC, ShK, or BgK. In COS-transfected cells, the Kv3.4 current was inhibited in a reversible manner by BDS-I, with an IC<sub>50</sub>value of 47 nm. This inhibition is specific because BDS-I failed to block other K<sup>+</sup> channels in the Kv1, Kv2, Kv3, and Kv4 subfamilies. Inward rectifier K<sup>+</sup> channels are also insensitive to BDS-I. BDS-I and BDS-II share the same binding site on brain synaptic membranes, with <i>K</i><sub>0.5</sub> values of 12 and 19 nm, respectively. We observed that BDS-I and BDS-II have some sequence homologies with other sea anemone Na<sup>+</sup> channels toxins, such as AsI, AsII, and AxI. However, they had a weak effect on tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na<sup>+</sup>channels in neuroblastoma cells and no effect on Na<sup>+</sup>channels in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. BDS-I and BDS-II are the first specific blockers identified so far for the rapidly inactivating Kv3.4 channel.
Learning Language-Visual Embedding for Movie Understanding with Natural-Language (2016)

Learning a joint language-visual embedding has a number of very appealing properties and can result in variety of practical application, including natural language image/video annotation and search. In this work, we study three different joint language-visual neural network model architectures. We evaluate our models on large scale LSMDC16 movie dataset for two tasks: 1) Standard Ranking for video annotation and retrieval 2) Our proposed movie multiple-choice test. This test facilitate automatic evaluation of visual-language models for natural language video annotation based on human activities. In addition to original Audio Description (AD) captions, provided as part of LSMDC16, we collected and will make available a) manually generated re-phrasings of those captions obtained using Amazon MTurk b) automatically generated human activity elements in "Predicate + Object" (PO) phrases based on "Knowlywood", an activity knowledge mining model. Our best model archives Recall@10 of 19.2% on annotation and 18.9% on video retrieval tasks for subset of 1000 samples. For multiple-choice test, our best model achieve accuracy 58.11% over whole LSMDC16 public test-set.
Large-image-format computed tomography imaging spectrometer for fluorescence microscopy (2001)

Multispectral imaging has significantly enhanced the analysis of fixed specimens in pathology and cytogenetics. However, application of this technology to in vivo studies has been limited. This is due in part to the increased temporal resolution required to analyze changes in cellular function. Here we present a non-scanning instrument that simultaneously acquires full spectral information (460 nm to 740 nm) from every pixel within its 2-D field of view (200 ìm x 200 ìm) during a single integration time (typically, 2 seconds). The current spatial and spectral sampling intervals of the spectrometer are 0.985 ìm and 5 nm, respectively. These properties allow for the analysis of physiological responses within living biological specimens.