gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning of a mouse DNA repair gene that complements the defect of group-A xeroderma pigmentosum. (1989)

For isolation of the gene responsible for xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) complementation group A, plasmid pSV2gpt and genomic DNA from a mouse embryo were cotransfected into XP2OSSV cells, a group-A XP cell line. Two primary UV-resistant XP transfectants were isolated from about 1.6 X 10(5) pSV2gpt-transformed XP colonies. pSV2gpt and genomic DNA from the primary transfectants were again cotransfected into XP2OSSV cells and a secondary UV-resistant XP transfectant was obtained by screening about 4.8 X 10(5) pSV2gpt-transformed XP colonies. The secondary transfectant retained fewer mouse repetitive sequences. A mouse gene that complements the defect of XP2OSSV cells was cloned into an EMBL3 vector from the genome of a secondary transfectant. Transfections of the cloned DNA also conferred UV resistance on another group-A XP cell line but not on XP cell lines of group C, D, F, or G. Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA with a subfragment of cloned mouse DNA repair gene as the probe revealed that an approximately 1.0 kilobase mRNA was transcribed in the donor mouse embryo and secondary transfectant, and approximately 1.0- and approximately 1.3-kilobase mRNAs were transcribed in normal human cells, but none of these mRNAs was detected in three strains of group-A XP cells. These results suggest that the cloned DNA repair gene is specific for group-A XP and may be the mouse homologue of the group-A XP human gene.
Induction of Antitumor Immunity in Mice by Allo-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Gene Transfectant With Strong Antigen Expression (1989)

An allo-major histocompatibility complex class I gene (H-2Kb) was transfected to murine mastocytoma P1.HTR (P815 subline) cells, after which several transfectant clones were obtained. Two clones, which expressed a low level of H-2Kb antigen, grew well and killed the syngeneic DBA/2 mice when they were inoculated ip. These mice lived longer than the mice given injections of the parental P1.HTR tumor. However, one clone, which expressed a high level of H-2Kb antigen, was rejected completely by the syngeneic DBA/2 mice and induced a generation of H-2Kb-specific cytotoxic T cells. Interestingly, the mice that had rejected the clone with high H-2Kb expression received strong anti-tumor immunity for rejection of the parental P1.HTR tumor challenged at the high dose.
cDNA sequence analysis of the main olive allergen, Ole e I (1994)

Olea europaea (Ole e) I-specific cDNA sequences were amplified by 3'-RACE-PCR, using specific primers based on the N-terminal sequence of the allergen, and cloned into appropriate vectors. The nucleotide sequence data obtained revealed the presence of isogenic variation in Ole e I gene(s). The molecular mass, pI, amino acid composition and sequence of the predicted polypeptides agree with data previously obtained by analysis of purified Ole e I from pollen. Furthermore, by treatment of purified Ole e I with specific glycopeptide hydrolases it has been demonstrated the presence of N-glycosylation in the allergen, and there is a unique concensus site for N-linked glycosylation at positions 111-113 of the deduced amino acid sequence. The Ole e I predicted sequence shows a significant homology with three putative proteins encoded respectively by the another-specific LAT52 gene from tomato and the pollen specific genes Zmc13 from maize and OSPSG from rice, suggesting that these proteins could have a role in one of the development processes unique to male gametophytes.
美国的种族、民族性与学校教育:过去、现在和未来(下) (1990)

立法和司法活动州和联邦级立法的颁布,是对民族复兴运动的回答。这种立法的大部分是补偿性质的:规定了要帮助少数民族青年获得被同化进入主流社会所需要的知识、技能和观念,而不是鼓励保持民族文化那种通常为少数民族集团教育鼓吹者所表示的目的。这种立法很少打算要改革学校的全部课程,以使所有的学生都能学习到民族集团的文化和历史。这个时期颁布的主要立法有:第Ⅰ部,1965年的初级和中级教育法(ESEA)的修正案,计划对低收入家庭儿
Genetic association of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein gene (LRP), and apolipoprotein E receptor, with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (1997)

The presence of the APOE epsilon 4 allele encoding apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) is the major genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which APOE epsilon 4 renders AD risk are unclear. In this report, we present genetic evidence that an apoE receptor, LRP, may be associated with the expression of late-onset AD. Using a biallelic genetic marker in exon 3 of LRP, late-onset AD cases markedly differed from the control subjects in the distribution of LRP genotypes, and this difference was highly accentuated among AD cases with positive family history of senile dementia. Furthermore, the numbers of neutritic plaques were significantly altered as a consequence of different LRP genotypes in postmortem AD cases. Taken together, our results implicate the pathophysiology of LRP in the expression of late-onset AD.
A protein complex expressed during terminal differentiation of monomyelocytic cells is an inhibitor of cell growth. (1990)

A protein complex (PC) composed of the MRP8 and MRP14 proteins has previously been shown to be a specific inhibitor of casein kinase I and II. This PC is expressed during the late stages of terminal differentiation induced in human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and in human monocytic THP-1 leukemia cells by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. This expression is associated with terminal cell differentiation because incubation of HL-60 cells with an agent or condition that causes suppression of growth but not induction of differentiation does not result in expression of the PC. At concentrations of 5-15 nM, the purified PC inhibited the growth of HL-60 cells and THP-1 cells, as well as other cell types belonging to different cell lineages. This growth inhibition was preceded by a reduction in [32P]phosphate incorporation and, at the higher PC concentrations, was associated with a reduction in [3H]thymidine, [3H]uridine, and [32S]methionine incorporation. The specific expression pattern and growth-inhibitory character of the PC suggests that the complex may have a role in suppressing cell growth during monomyelocytic terminal differentiation induced by specific chemical stimuli and during physiological and pathological events associated with monomyelocytic cell functions.
The detection of large molecules in matrix‐assisted UV‐laser desorption (1990)

Abstract Mechanisms related to high‐mass ion detection were studied using matrix‐assisted UV laser desorption for ion generation and a tandem (MS/MS) time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer for the analysis of secondary species formed at the conversion dynodes. Secondary‐electron emission was found to be less pronounced with increasing molecular weight. Instead small secondary ions generated by collision of primary ions with the conversion dynodes appeared to be the dominant process for the detection of ions of masses up to several hundred thousand Da. The use of microchannel plate detectors has been shown to become less effective for high molecular weight applications. Mass spectra of secondary ions emitted from a conversion dynode bombarded with keV primary ions have been recorded. Regardless of the composition of the primary molecules, the secondary mass spectra were similar. Sputtering of surface adsorbates is assumed to be the major mechanism of secondary ion formation, rather than surface induced dissociation or fragmentation of the primary ions.
Induction of complement-dependent and -independent neutralizing antibodies by recombinant-derived human cytomegalovirus gp55-116 (gB) (1988)

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) envelope glycoprotein complex gp55-116 was expressed in both Escherichia coli and cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus. E. coli produced a single protein of Mr 100,000 which approximated the size of the nonglycosylated gp55-116 precursor found in HCMV-infected cells. Cells infected with the recombinant vaccinia virus contained three intracellular forms of Mr 160,000, 150,000, and 55,000 which were detected by a monoclonal antibody reactive with gp55. Comparison of the immunological properties of these recombinant proteins indicated that several of the HCMV gp55-116 monoclonal antibodies and sera from patients infected with HCMV reacted with the vaccinia virus-derived proteins whereas a more restricted group of monoclonal antibodies recognized the E. coli-produced protein. Immunization of mice with either E. coli or vaccinia virus recombinant HCMV gp55-116 resulted in production of virus-neutralizing antibodies. In contrast to the almost exclusive production of complement-dependent neutralizing antibodies following immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus, the E. coli-derived protein induced complement-independent neutralizing antibodies.
Recent Advances in Nucleophilic Fluorination Reactions of Organic Compounds Using Deoxofluor and DAST (2002)

Selective fluorination of organic compounds continues to be a stimulating and exciting area of research. While a variety of fluorinating reagents and methodologies have been developed to fulfill the increasing demand for site selective fluorination of organic compounds, applications of Deoxofluor and DAST continue to be used widely. Our interest in applying synthetic methods for introducing fluorine or a fluorinated group into a large variety of organic compounds encouraged this review which highlights recent progress in fluorination reactions using Deoxofluor [bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride] and DAST (diethylaminosulfur trifluoride) as key nucleophilic fluorinating reagents. This review covers the literature for fluorination reactions of organic compounds using Deoxofluor and DAST from January 1999 through July 2002.
Filtration. A method to prepare white cell‐poor platelet concentrates with optimal preservation of platelet viability (1990)

HLA alloimmunization is a major problem for thrombocytopenic patients receiving long-term platelet support. It is caused by white cells (WBCs) that are present as contaminants in platelet concentrates (PCs). Recent data have shown that filtration is an effective means to reduce WBC contamination, but it has little effect on the recovery of platelets. The present report evaluates two filters, a cellulose acetate (CA) filter requiring the inactivation of platelets with prostacyclin and a cotton wool (CW) filter requiring no platelet inactivation. The results show that, using fresh pooled PCs from six random donors, both filters reduce WBC contamination below 10(7) per PC, the likely threshold below which alloimmunization does not develop. With platelets stored for 2 to 3 days the efficacy of the CW filter decreases. Neither filter inflicts important damage to the platelets, as there is no considerable platelet activation or cell disruption. Moreover, PCs prepared by both filters show normal survival and effectively reduce the bleeding times. Thus, filtration of PCs results in platelets with optimal responsiveness both in vitro and in vivo.
Eye Tracking and Head Movement Detection: A State-of-Art Survey (2013)

Eye-gaze detection and tracking have been an active research field in the past years as it adds convenience to a variety of applications. It is considered a significant untraditional method of human computer interaction. Head movement detection has also received researchers' attention and interest as it has been found to be a simple and effective interaction method. Both technologies are considered the easiest alternative interface methods. They serve a wide range of severely disabled people who are left with minimal motor abilities. For both eye tracking and head movement detection, several different approaches have been proposed and used to implement different algorithms for these technologies. Despite the amount of research done on both technologies, researchers are still trying to find robust methods to use effectively in various applications. This paper presents a state-of-art survey for eye tracking and head movement detection methods proposed in the literature. Examples of different fields of applications for both technologies, such as human-computer interaction, driving assistance systems, and assistive technologies are also investigated.
A Convenient Synthesis of Cross-Linked Homodimeric BIS-Lexitropsins (1995)

Abstract A general synthetic route to cross-linked homodimeric bis-lexitropsins connected through the nitrogens of the central pyrrole ring with polymethylene chains (19a-c, 20a and 21a) is described. These compounds were designed for efficient DNA minor groove binding
Analysis and applications of optical diffraction by gratings (1985)

Diffraction characteristics of general dielectric planar (slab) gratings and surface-relief (corrugated) gratings are reviewed. Applications to laser-beam deflection, guidance, modulation, coupling, filtering, wavefront reconstruction, and distributed feedback in the fields of acoustooptics, integrated optics, holography, and spectral analysis are discussed. An exact formulation of the grating diffraction problem without approximations (rigorous coupled-wave theory developed by the authors) is presented. The method of solution is in terms of state variables and this is presented in detail. Then, using a series of fundamental assumptions, this rigorous theory is shown to reduce to the various existing approximate theories in the appropriate limits. The effects of these fundamental assumptions in the approximate theories are quantified and discussed.
Antioxidant Properties of 2,3-Dimethoxy-5-methyl- 6-(10-hydroxydecyl)-1,4-benzoquinone (Idebenone) (1998)

Idebenone [2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(10-hydroxydecyl)-1,4-benzoquinone] is a synthetic analogue of coenzyme Q that is currently employed in the treatment of vascular and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. There is some evidence to suggest that idebenone might function as an antioxidant; however, it has not been demonstrated whether this function pertains to the quinone or hydroquinone form of idebenone. Here we demonstrate that idebenone can scavenge a variety of free radical species, including organic radicals such as 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, peroxyl and tyrosyl radicals, and peroxynitrite. Idebenone can also redox couple with hypervalent species of Mb or Hb, thus preventing lipid peroxidation promoted by these species. Likewise, idebenone inhibits microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by ADP-iron complexes or organic hydroperoxides. In so doing, idebenone prevents the destruction of cytochrome P450, which otherwise would accompany lipid peroxidation. Irrespective of the experimental system under investigation, idebenone functions by virtue of the electron-donating properties of the hydroquinone form. Redox coupling of this hydroquinone with free radicals generates the quinone compound, which per se lacks antioxidant activity. In many experiments, the antioxidant effects of idebenone become appreciable at approximately 2 microM, which is well in the range of plasma levels attainable in patients given oral doses of this drug. Moreover, comparative experiments have shown that the antioxidant efficiency of idebenone varies from no less than 50% to slightly more than 100% of that of vitamin E or Trolox. We would therefore propose that the neuroprotective effects of idebenone can be attributed, at least in part, to its ability to function as an antioxidant, involving redox cycling between hydroquinone and quinone.
Thymosin alpha 1 stimulates endothelial cell migration, angiogenesis, and wound healing. (1998)

In wound healing, lymphoid cells release soluble factors that attract fibroblasts and macrophages, initiating repair, endothelial cell migration, angiogenesis, and matrix production. We analyzed the effect of thymosin alpha1 (Talpha1) on endothelial cell migration, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Talpha1, a 28 amino acid peptide initially isolated from the thymus, enhanced the morphologic differentiation of endothelial cells and was a potent chemoattractant for endothelial cells and monocytes in vitro. In vivo, Talpha1 stimulated angiogenesis in a subcutaneous model. When given either topically or i.p., it accelerated wound healing in a punch model, demonstrating that Talpha1 promotes angiogenesis and wound healing.
Comprehensive Survey of Combinatorial Library Synthesis:  2000 (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEReviewNEXTComprehensive Survey of Combinatorial Library Synthesis: 2000Roland E. DolleView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Adolor Corporation, 371 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355 Cite this: J. Comb. Chem. 2001, 3, 6, 477–517Publication Date (Web):October 6, 2001Publication History Received31 July 2001Published online6 October 2001Published inissue 1 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cc010049ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/cc010049greview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views949Altmetric-Citations165LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Amines,Inhibitors,Organic polymers,Peptides and proteins,Solid phase synthesis Get e-Alerts
The RRM Domain of MINT, a Novel Msx2 Binding Protein, Recognizes and Regulates the Rat Osteocalcin Promoter (1999)

Msx2 is a homeodomain transcriptional repressor that exerts tissue-specific actions during craniofacial skeletal and neural development. To identify coregulatory molecules that participate in transcriptional repression by Msx2, we applied a Farwestern expression cloning strategy to identify transcripts encoding proteins that bind Msx2. A lambdagt11 expression library from mouse brain was screened with radiolabeled GST-Msx2 fusion protein encompassing the core suppressor domain of Msx2. A cDNA was isolated that encodes a novel protein fragment that binds radiolabeled Msx2. Homeoprotein binding activity was confirmed by Farwestern analysis of the T7-epitope-tagged recombinant protein fragment, and interactions in vitro require Msx2 residues necessary for transcriptional suppression in vivo. On the basis of biochemical analyses, this novel protein was named MINT, an acronym for Msx2-interacting nuclear target protein. The original clone is part of a 12.6 kb transcript expressed at high levels in testis and at lower levels in calvarial osteoblasts and brain. Multiple clones isolated from a mouse testis library were sequenced to construct a MINT cDNA contig of 11 kb. Starting from an initiator Met in good Kozak context, a large nascent polypeptide of 3576 amino acids is predicted, in contiguous open reading frame with the Msx2 interaction domain residues 2070-2394. Protein sequence analysis reveals that MINT has three N-terminal RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) and four nuclear localization signals. Western blot analysis of fractionated cell extracts reveals that mature approximately 110 kDa (N-terminal) and approximately 250 kDa (C-terminal) MINT protein fragments accumulate in chromatin and nuclear matrix fractions, cosegregating with Msx2 and topoisomerase II. In gel shift assays, the MINT RRM domain selectively binds T- and G-rich DNA sequences; this includes a large G/T-rich inverted repeat element present in the proximal rat osteocalcin (OC) promoter, overlapping three cognates that support OC expression in osteoblasts. MINT and OC mRNAs are reciprocally regulated during differentiation of MC3T3E1 calvarial osteoblasts. Consistent with its proposed role as a nuclear transcriptional factor, transient expression of MINT(1-812) suppresses the FGF/forskolin-activated OC promoter, does not significantly regulate CMV promoter activity, but markedly upregulates the HSV thymidine kinase promoter in MC3T3E1 cells. In toto, these data indicate that the novel nuclear protein MINT binds the homeoprotein Msx2 and coregulates OC during craniofacial development. Msx2 and MINT both target an information-dense, osteoblast-specific regulatory region of the OC proximal promoter, nucleotides -141 to -111. The N-terminal MINT RRM domain represents an authentic dsDNA binding module for this novel vertebrate nuclear matrix protein. Acting as a scaffold protein, MINT potentially exerts both positive and negative regulatory actions by organizing transcriptional complexes in the nuclear matrix.
Phase II Clinical Trial of Sipatrigine (619C89) by Continuous Infusion in Acute Stroke (2000)

Continuous infusion of sipatrigine is associated with neuropsychiatric effects. No difference in the nature of these events was evident between this regimen and repeated short infusions, but it was possible to administer higher doses.
Ciliary neurotrophic factor activates leptin-like pathways and reduces body fat, without cachexia or rebound weight gain, even in leptin-resistant obesity (2001)

Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) was first characterized as a trophic factor for motor neurons in the ciliary ganglion and spinal cord, leading to its evaluation in humans suffering from motor neuron disease. In these trials, CNTF caused unexpected and substantial weight loss, raising concerns that it might produce cachectic-like effects. Countering this possibility was the suggestion that CNTF was working via a leptin-like mechanism to cause weight loss, based on the findings that CNTF acts via receptors that are not only related to leptin receptors, but also similarly distributed within hypothalamic nuclei involved in feeding. However, although CNTF mimics the ability of leptin to cause fat loss in mice that are obese because of genetic deficiency of leptin (ob/ob mice), CNTF is also effective in diet-induced obesity models that are more representative of human obesity, and which are resistant to leptin. This discordance again raised the possibility that CNTF might be acting via nonleptin pathways, perhaps more analogous to those activated by cachectic cytokines. Arguing strongly against this possibility, we now show that CNTF can activate hypothalamic leptin-like pathways in diet-induced obesity models unresponsive to leptin, that CNTF improves prediabetic parameters in these models, and that CNTF acts very differently than the prototypical cachectic cytokine, IL-1. Further analyses of hypothalamic signaling reveals that CNTF can suppress food intake without triggering hunger signals or associated stress responses that are otherwise associated with food deprivation; thus, unlike forced dieting, cessation of CNTF treatment does not result in binge overeating and immediate rebound weight gain.