gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA binding of purified transcription factor NF-kappa B. Affinity, specificity, Zn2+ dependence, and differential half-site recognition. (1991)

A rapid purification procedure for the NF-kappa B transcription factor from the cytosol of human placenta is demonstrated which exploits the insensitivity of the NF-kappa B.DNA complex toward the intercalating agent chloroquine. Purified NF-kappa B required 100 mM KCl or NaCl and a pH of 7.5 to optimally bind to DNA. Equilibrium of binding was reached within less than 5 min in the absence of competitor DNA and after 1 h in the presence of 0.1 mg/ml poly(dI-dC). DNA binding of NF-kappa B was specifically blocked by the chelating agent 1,10-orthophenantroline and could only be reconstituted by addition of Zn2+. Under optimal binding conditions, the dissociation constant for the complex of the purified NF-kappa B with its most frequent cognate DNA motif 5'-GGGACTTTCC-3' was in the range of 10(-12) to 10(-13) M. Various other cis-acting kappa B motifs were recognized by NF-kappa B with lower affinities. A comparative analysis of known NF-kappa B-binding sites and competition experiments with synthetic polynucleotides and oligonucleotides encompassing only one half-site or single-stranded kappa B motifs suggested that the two DNA-binding monomers in the NF-kappa B protein complex can interact differentially with the half-sites of the decameric cognate motif.
A decade of FBAR success and what is needed for another successful decade (2011)

July 31st, 2001, Avago (then Agilent) shipped its first 25,000 FBAR duplexers (in tape & reel) for nCDMA mobile phones. The value proposition was size (relative to the ceramic duplexers used at that time). At the time, it was supposed that FBAR technology using AlN as the active piezo material would not last beyond a few years. SAW technology, already entrenched in the lower frequencies and with better economies of scale and lower technology barrier to commercialization should have quickly made FBAR a `short-lived' technology. Although still a possibility, FBAR has persevered for over 10 years due to several reasons; high Q, small size, ability to form an all-silicon package (utilizing silicon-fab technology) and reliability. However, the next 10 years pose a challenge to FBAR and serious innovation is necessary so that a similar talk about the success of FBAR covering 20 years can be given. Innovation must cover the ability to go differential, temperature compensation, continued Q enhancement, and chip-scale packages to spread the cost of manufacturing and research. This talk will touch on each of these subjects as well as giving an overview of the unique set of circumstances that made FBAR as successful as it is.
Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of irinotecan in adults with recurrent malignant glioma. (2003)

The MTD of irinotecan was 3.5 times greater in patients with malignant glioma who were concurrently receiving EIAs than in those who were not. This study has also served to confirm that the concomitant administration of EIAs results in marked enhancement in the CL of irinotecan. These findings have important implications for subsequent clinical trials to further evaluate irinotecan in brain cancer patients and underscore the importance of assessing the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between concurrent medications and chemotherapeutic agents.
Dual roles of plcA in Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis (1993)

The plcA gene of Listeria monocytogenes encodes a secreted phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (Pl-PLC). Recent studies have established that transposon mutations within plcA result in avirulence for mice and pleiotropic effects when examined in tissue-culture models of infection. Genetic analysis reveals that many of the effects of the transposon insertions are due to loss of readthrough transcription from plcA into the downstream gene prfA, which encodes an essential transcription factor of numerous L. monocytogenes virulence genes. Construction of an in-frame deletion within plcA had no effect on expression of prfA thus allowing direct assignment of a role of the Pl-PLC in pathogenesis. Pl-PLC was shown to play a significant role in mediating escape of L. monocytogenes from phagosomes of primary murine macrophages. Interestingly, this defect manifested itself in vivo in the liver but not in the spleen of infected mice.
Is the CD200/CD200 Receptor Interaction More Than Just a Myeloid Cell Inhibitory Signal? (2006)

The membrane glycoprotein CD200, which has a widespread but defined distribution and a structurally similar receptor (CD200R) that transmits an inhibitory signal to cells of the hematopoetic lineage, especially myeloid cells, has been characterized. CD200R expression is restricted predominantly to cells of the myeloid lineage indicating that this ligand/receptor pair has a specific role in controlling myeloid cell function. In addition to CD200R, several related genes have been identified. Whether these gene products also regulate immune function is controversial. CD200R is also expressed by certain subsets of T cells and CD200 may be expressed by antigen-presenting cells, adding additional layers of complexity to the CD200/CD200R axis. Because monocytic myeloid cells provide a link between the innate and adaptive immune response, mechanisms to control their function through receptors such as CD200R will have therapeutic potential. Regulation of immune responses is accomplished by the concerted, but opposing, activity of kinases and phosphatases, fine control often being achieved through paired receptors. In this review, we will consider whether CD200R signaling functions within a framework of paired activating and inhibitory receptors and whether the inhibitory signal delivered has functional consequences beyond inhibition of myeloid cell proinflammatory activation.
Array control systems for multicarrier protocols using a frequency-shifted feedback cavity (2003)

This paper describes an optical controller that uses a frequency-shifted feedback cavity (FSFC) to generate a large number of incrementally delayed signals to control a directional beam pattern of an antenna array. The FSFC enables the beam pattern of a large array to be controlled by the adjustment of a single system parameter. The FSFC may be used to generate carrier interference multiple access (CIMA) signals that introduce time dependence to the directionality of a transmitted beam pattern. This causes the direction of a beam pattern to automatically scan. Finally, the frequency diversity of multicarrier signals enables spatial demultiplexing of received signals in a multipath fading environment.
Initiation of slugs in horizontal gas‐liquid flows (1993)

Abstract Experiments were conducted with air‐water flow in a horizontal 0.095‐m pipeline at atmospheric pressure to examine the mechanism by which slugs form in a stratified flow. A specially designed entrance box was used to avoid disturbances. In these experiments, at superficial gas velocities less than 3 m/s, the slugs are found to evolve from waves, with a length of about 0.085 m, that are generated by a Jeffreys mechanism. These waves grow in height and eventually double in wavelength by a nonlinear resonance mechanism. Depending on the height of the liquid, the growth can lead to a breaking wave or to a wave that fills the whole pipe cross section. At superficial gas velocities equal to or greater than 4 m/s capillary‐gravity waves with a wide range of lengths are generated by a linear Kelvin‐Helmholtz mechanism. These rapidly evolve into long waves outside the range of linear instability. If the liquid height is large enough, these waves can form slugs through a nonlinear Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability that is aided by wave coalescence.
Room-Temperature Ultraviolet Nanowire Nanolasers (2001)

Room-temperature ultraviolet lasing in semiconductor nanowire arrays has been demonstrated. The self-organized, <0001> oriented zinc oxide nanowires grown on sapphire substrates were synthesized with a simple vapor transport and condensation process. These wide band-gap semiconductor nanowires form natural laser cavities with diameters varying from 20 to 150 nanometers and lengths up to 10 micrometers. Under optical excitation, surface-emitting lasing action was observed at 385 nanometers, with an emission linewidth less than 0.3 nanometer. The chemical flexibility and the one-dimensionality of the nanowires make them ideal miniaturized laser light sources. These short-wavelength nanolasers could have myriad applications, including optical computing, information storage, and microanalysis.
Favorable outcome of experimental islet xenotransplantation without immunosuppression in a nonhuman primate model of diabetes (2017)

Transplantation of pancreatic islets for treating type 1 diabetes is restricted to patients with critical metabolic lability resulting from the need for immunosuppression and the shortage of donor organs. To overcome these barriers, we developed a strategy to macroencapsulate islets from different sources that allow their survival and function without immunosuppression. Here we report successful and safe transplantation of porcine islets with a bioartificial pancreas device in diabetic primates without any immune suppression. This strategy should lead to pioneering clinical trials with xenotransplantation for treatment of diabetes and, thereby, represents a previously unidentified approach to efficient cell replacement for a broad spectrum of endocrine disorders and other organ dysfunctions.
Intravenous phosphate repletion regimen for critically ill patients with moderate hypophosphatemia (1995)

All patients were successfully repleted using the described protocol without any significant adverse effects. This repletion regimen may have widespread applicability in the ICU setting.
Fully integrated radio paging receiver (1982)

A review is made of radio paging receiver requirements and a new receiver architecture is described which uses a direct conversion (zero-IF) principle. This circuit is shown to have advantages over the conventional superheterodyne with high-frequency IF and in particular is shown to be suitable for monolithic realisation. A single chip which performs as a complete high-sensitivity VHF receiver is presented, and the resulting miniature pager is shown.
Transcriptomic profiling of bovine IVF embryos revealed candidate genes and pathways involved in early embryonic development (2010)

This study presents the first direct and comprehensive comparison of transcriptomes between IVF blastocysts and degenerative embryos, providing important information for potential genes and pathways associated with early embryonic development.
The plasma membrane as a combat zone in the HIV battlefield (2000)

In the life of a cell, the plasma membrane fulfills a range of functions that go far beyond the shaping and maintenance of architectural features and the absorption of nutrients. The plasma membrane is a highly sophisticated structure whose phospholipidic backbone is loaded with proteins responsible for channeling the stream of information that continuously flows between a cell and its
DISTRIBUTION OF ANTIHISTAMINES INTO THE CSF FOLLOWING INTRANASAL DELIVERY (1997)

The preferential absorption of certain drug compounds from the nasal cavity into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) raises questions regarding the transport processes controlling drug disposition following intranasal delivery. The disposition characteristics of several structurally similar antihistamine compounds, hydroxyzine, chlorpheniramine, triprolidine, and chlorcyclizine, into the CSF following nasal administration were studied using the rat as an animal model. The antihistamines were administered either intranasally or intra-arterially, and serial CSF and plasma samples were collected from the cisterna magna and the femoral artery, respectively. The drug levels in CSF and plasma were assayed by HPLC. Hydroxyzine concentrations in plasma and CSF were found to be significantly greater than most of the other compounds tested. In addition, hydroxyzine also showed the most rapid systemic absorption following nasal administration. Interestingly, the hydroxyzine levels in CSF following intranasal administration were significantly higher than those following intra-arterial administration. The AUC ratios between CSF and plasma for hydroxyzine after intranasal and intra-arterial administration were 4.0 and 0.4, respectively. The AUC ratios for triprolidine, the other antihistamine with measurable CSF concentrations, were 0.5 and 0.7, respectively. The distribution of antihistamines from the nasal membrane into the CSF appears to be controlled by a combination of their molecular properties. It also appears that the intranasal delivery of drugs with optimal physicochemical characteristics can result in an improved CNS bioavailability compared to those achieved from an equivalent parenteral dose.
Repair of DNA Base-pair Mismatches in Extracts of Escherichia coli (1984)

Occurrence of allelic differences within the heteroduplex region of recombination intermediates corresponds to the presence of one or more mismatched base pairs (for reviews, see Radding 1978; Stahl 1979). Rectification of such mismatches, prior to resolution of the recombinant molecule by replication, has been invoked to explain a number of marker effects associated with recombination. For example, gene conversion may reflect reduction of mismatches to homozygosity (Holliday 1964; Whitehouse and Hastings 1965; Meselson and Radding 1975), although alternate explanations for this phenomena have also been proposed (Szostak et al. 1983). Mismatch repair is also the favored explanation for marker discrimination observed in pneumococcal transformation (Ephrussi-Taylor and Gray 1966; Tiraby and Fox 1973; Lacks et al. 1982; Claverys et al. 1983), and for intragenic marker effects and localized negative interference in Escherichia coli (Norkin 1970; White and Fox 1974). In addition, mismatch correction by an excision-repair mechanism can account for genetic...
Expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 receptor CCR2 is increased in hypercholesterolemia: differential effects of plasma lipoproteins on monocyte function (1999)

Monocytes are recruited from the circulation into the subendothelial space where they differentiate into mature macrophages and internalize modified lipoproteins to become lipid-laden foam cells. The accumulation of monocytes is mediated by the interaction of locally produced chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) with its receptor CCR2. The objective of the present study is to demonstrate the differential effects of plasma lipoproteins on monocyte CCR2 expression. The CCR2 expression was increased about 2.4-fold in monocytes isolated from hypercholesterolemic patients, compared to monocytes from normal controls. There was a significant correlation between CCR2 expression and plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL). Elevated levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) blunted and even reverted the effects of LDL on CCR2 expression, both in vivo and in vitro. The causal relationship between plasma lipoproteins and CCR2 expression was further confirmed by modulating the lipoprotein profile. Estrogen supplement therapy decreased plasma LDL cholesterol, increased plasma HDL cholesterol, and reduced CCR2 expression in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women, but had no effect on the plasma lipid profile or CCR2 expression in normocholesterolemic subjects. The physiological significance of altered CCR2 expression was tested by chemotaxis assay, and our results demonstrated that treatment of THP-1 monocytes with LDL induced CCR2 expression and substantially enhanced the chemotaxis elicited by MCP-1. Our findings suggest that plasma lipoproteins differentially control monocyte function and that monocytes from hypercholesterolemic subjects are hyperresponsive to chemotactic stimuli. This may increase their accumulation in the vessel wall and accelerate the pathogenic events of atherogenesis.
A new type of surgical adhesive made from porcine collagen and polyglutamic acid (2000)

We have developed a new adhesive for surgical use. The new adhesive is made of three components: porcine collagen, poly(L-glutamic acid) and water-soluble carbodiimides (WSC). The optimum concentration of each component was determined by measuring the time required for gel formation in experiments in vitro. Using these optimum concentrations, we applied the adhesive to wounds made on rats. A conventional fibrin glue was used as a control. Measurement of tensile strength and histological examination were performed 5, 7, 10, and 14 days after the operation. The tensile strength of wounds treated with 2.5 mg/mL collagen glue was not significantly different from that of wounds treated with fibrin glue except at 7 days after the operation (p < 0.05 by Student's t-test). Histological examination revealed that the speed of cell infiltration into, and absorption of 2.5 mg/mL collagen glue was slower than for fibrin glue, but faster than for 5.0 mg/mL collagen glue. One of the important advantages of our collagen glue is that the absorption rate of it can be controlled by the collagen concentration. Therefore, it seems to be adequate for sealing air leakage from the lung, which takes a relatively long period for recovery. Moreover it does not contain human serum, and, hence, it requires no blood donation and can be obtained with low cost.
Lactate extraction during net lactate release in legs of humans during exercise (1986)

Lactate metabolism was studied in six normal males using a primed continuous infusion of lactate tracer during continuous graded supine cycle ergometer exercise. Subjects exercised at 49, 98, 147, and 196 W for 6 min at each work load. Blood was sampled from the brachial artery, the iliac vein, and the brachial vein. Arteriovenous differences were determined for chemical lactate concentration and L-[1-14C]-lactate. Tracer-measured lactate extraction was determined from the decrease in lactate radioactivity per volume of blood perfusing the tissue bed. Net lactate release was determined from the change in lactate concentration across the tissue bed. Total lactate release was taken as the sum of tracer-measured lactate extraction and net (chemical) release. At rest the arms and legs showed tracer-measured lactate extraction, as determined from the isotope extraction, despite net chemical release. Exercise elicited an increase in both net lactate release and tracer-measured lactate extraction by the legs. For the legs the total lactate release (net lactate release + tracer-measured lactate extraction) was roughly equal to twice the net lactate release under all conditions. The tracer-measured lactate extraction by the exercising legs was positively correlated to arterial lactate concentration (r = 0.81, P less than 0.001) at the lower two power outputs. The arms showed net lactate extraction during exercise, which was correlated to the arterial concentration (r = 0.86). The results demonstrate that exercising skeletal muscle extracts a significant amount of lactate during net lactate release and that the working skeletal muscle appears to be a major site of blood lactate removal during exercise.
The relationship of antiresorptive drug use to structural findings and symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (2004)

Elderly women being treated with alendronate and estrogen had a significantly decreased prevalence of knee OA-related subchondral bone lesions compared with those reporting no use of these medications. Alendronate use was also associated with a reduction in knee pain according to the WOMAC scores.
High-level expression from two independent expression cassettes in replication-incompetent adenovirus type 35 vector (2007)

Replication-incompetent adenovirus type 35 (rAd35) represents a potent vaccine carrier that elicits strong, antigen-specific T- and B-cell responses in diverse preclinical models. Moreover, Ad35 is rare in human populations, resulting in the absence of neutralizing antibodies against this carrier, in contrast to the commonly used rAd5. Therefore, rAd35 is being investigated as a vaccine carrier for a number of diseases for which an effective vaccine is needed, including malaria, AIDS and tuberculosis. However, it can be perceived that effective immunization will require insertion of multiple antigens into adenoviral vectors. We therefore wanted to create rAd35 vectors carrying double expression cassettes, to expand within one vector the number of insertion sites for foreign DNA encoding antigenic proteins. We show that it is possible to generate rAd35 vectors carrying two cytomegalovirus promoter-driven expression cassettes, provided that the polyadenylation signals in each expression cassette are not identical. We demonstrate excellent rAd35 vector stability and show that expression of a transgene is not influenced by the presence of a second expression cassette. Moreover, by using two model vaccine antigens, i.e. the human immunodeficiency virus-derived Env-gp120 protein and the Plasmodium falciparum-derived circumsporozoite protein, we demonstrate that potent T- and B-cell responses are induced to both antigens expressed from a single vector. Such rAd35 vectors thus expand the utility of rAd35 vaccine carriers for the development of vaccines against, for example, malaria, AIDS and tuberculosis.
Multiple Roles of Arabidopsis VRN1 in Vernalization and Flowering Time Control (2002)

Arabidopsis VRN genes mediate vernalization, the process by which a long period of cold induces a mitotically stable state that leads to accelerated flowering during later development. VRN1 encodes a protein that binds DNA in vitro in a non-sequence-specific manner and functions in stable repression of the major target of the vernalization pathway, the floral repressor FLC. Overexpression of VRN1 reveals a vernalization-independent function for VRN1, mediated predominantly through the floral pathway integrator FT, and demonstrates that VRN1 requires vernalization-specific factors to target FLC.
A Heparin-Binding Growth Factor Secreted by Macrophage-Like Cells That Is Related to EGF (1991)

Macrophage-like U-937 cells secrete a 22-kilodalton heparin-binding growth factor that is mitogenic for BALB-3T3 fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, but not endothelial cells. The amino acid sequence predicted from complementary DNA clones indicates that the mitogen is a new member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. This heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) binds to EGF receptors on A-431 epidermoid carcinoma cells and smooth muscle cells, but is a far more potent mitogen for smooth muscle cells than is EGF. HB-EGF is also expressed in cultured human macrophages and may be involved in macrophage-mediated cellular proliferation.
DNA damage by oxygen‐derived species Its mechanism and measurement in mammalian systems (1991)

When cells are exposed to oxidative stress, DNA damage frequently occurs. The molecular mechanisms causing this damage may include activation of nucleases and direct reaction of hydroxyl radicals with the DNA. Several oxygen-derived species can attack DNA, producing distinctive patterns of chemical modification. Observation of these patterns and measurement of some of the products formed has been used to determine the role of different oxygen-derived species in DNA cleavage reactions, to assess the extent of oxidative damage to DNA in vivo and to investigate the mechanism of DNA damage by ionizing radiation and chemical carcinogens.