gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energetics of muscle contraction: the whole is less than the sum of its parts (2001)

Understanding muscle energetics is a problem in optimizing supply of ATP to the demands of ATPases. The complexity of reactions and their fluxes to achieve this balance is greatly reduced by recognizing constraints imposed by the integration of common metabolites at fixed stoichiometry among modular units. ATPase is driven externally. Oxidative phosphorylation and glycogenolysis are the suppliers. We focus on their regulation which involves different controls, but reduces to two principles that enable facile experimental analysis of the supply and demand fluxes. The ratio of concentration of phospho-creatine (PCr) to ATP, not their individual values, sets the range of achievable concentrations of ADP in resting and active muscle (at fixed pH) in different cell types. This principle defines the fraction of available flux of oxidative phosphorylation utilized (at fixed enzyme activities). Then the kinetics of PCr recovery defines the kinetics of oxygen supply and substrate utilization. The second principle is the constancy of PCr and H+ (lactate) production by glycogenolysis due to the coupling of ATPase and glycolysis. This principle enables glycogenolytic flux to be measured from intracellular proton loads. Further simplification occurs because the magnitude of the interacting fluxes and metabolite concentrations are specified within narrow limits when both the resting and active fluxes are quantified. Thus there is a small set of rules for assessing and understanding the thermodynamics and kinetics of muscle energetics.
Photosensitive glass integrated optical devices (1994)

Photosensitive glasses for applications in integrated optical devices have recently become a popular research topic, due primarily to the success of the germania doped silica fibre counterpart. Whole ranges of devices could in principle be fabricated utilising the photosensitivity phenomenon, from directly written waveguides to more complex grating structures. A key parameter in all applications is the change in material refractive index after light exposure. Considerable effort has been devoted to understanding mechanisms responsible for the phenonema with attempts to maximise the effect. To date index changes achieved are ~ 10<sup>-3</sup> which is sufficient for the production of highly efficient holographic gratings within a waveguide, but not quite large enough for direct waveguide formation. Various writing schemes have been developed, but most are based on UV laser sources operating in the 240 - 270nm wavelength range to coincide with a germanium related defect absorption. High quality gratings, with reflection efficiencies of 14dB have been written. These gratings have been used as feed back elements in external cavity lasers and when incorporated in a Mach-Zender interferometer, a channel dropping filter has been demonstrated. With continued effort, more compact optical devices utilising gratings and the photosensitivity effect can be expected in parallel with the fibre development work.
p110γ and p110δ isoforms of phosphoinositide 3-kinase differentially regulate natural killer cell migration in health and disease (2009)

The mechanisms that regulate NK cell trafficking are unclear. Phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3K) control cell motility and the p110gamma and p110delta isoforms are mostly expressed in leukocytes, where they transduce signals downstream of G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) or tyrosine kinase receptors, respectively. Here, we set out to determine the relative contribution of p110gamma and p110delta to NK cell migration in mice. Using a combination of single-cell imaging analysis of transgenic cells reporting on PI3K activity in real time and small molecule inhibitors of p110gamma and p110delta, we show here that the tyrosine-kinase coupled p110delta is linked to GPCR signaling and, depending on the GPCR, may even be preferentially activated over p110gamma. Using gene-targeted mice, we showed that both isoforms were essential for NK cell chemotaxis to CXCL12 and to CCL3 and, in vivo, for normal NK cell migration during pregnancy and to the inflamed peritoneum. By contrast, only p110delta was indispensable for chemotaxis to S1P and CXCL10 and for NK cell distribution throughout lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues and for extravasation to tumors. These results implicate p110delta downstream of GPCRs in NK cells and highlight its nonredundant role as a key regulator of NK cell trafficking in health and disease.
Inkjet Printed Fractal-Connected Electrodes with Silver Nanoparticle Ink (2012)

The development of a simple and reliable method for nanoparticles-based ink in an aqueous solution is still a challenge for its inkjet printing application. Herein, we demonstrate the inkjet printing of fractal-aggregated silver (Ag) electrode lines on substrates. Spherical, monodisperse Ag nanoparticles have been synthesized using silver nitrate as a precursor, ethylene glycol as a reducing agent, and polyvinyl pyrrollidone as a capping agent. As-synthesized pure Ag nanoparticles were well dispersed in water-ethylene glycol mixture, which was directly used as an ink for inkjet printing. Using this ink, the Ag electrodes of fractal-connected lines were printed on Si/SiO2, glass, and polymer substrates. The fractal-connected Ag lines were attributed to the diffusion-limited aggregation of Ag nanoparticles and the effect of annealing on conductivity was also examined.
Properties of indoor received signal strength for WLAN location fingerprinting (2004)

Indoor positioning systems that make use of received signal strength based location fingerprints and existing wireless local area network infrastructure have recently been the focus for supporting location-based services in indoor and campus areas. A knowledge and understanding of the properties of the location fingerprint can assist in improving design of algorithms and deployment of position location systems. However, most existing research work ignores the radio signal properties. This paper investigates the properties of the received signal strength reported by IEEE 802.11b wireless network interface cards. Analyses of the data are performed to understand the underlying features of location fingerprints. The performance of an indoor positioning system in terms of its precision is compared using measured data and a Gaussian model to see how closely a Gaussian model may fit the measured data.
Role of highly conserved lysine 130 of myosin motor domain. In vivo and in vitro characterization of site specifically mutated myosin. (1994)

We have created a mutant Dictyostelium myosin II heavy chain gene in which a highly conserved lysine residue (Lys-130) is changed to leucine. Lys-130 is a residue that is known to be trimethylated in skeletal muscle myosin and had been thought to play an integral role in the interaction of myosin with ATP during the actomyosin chemomechanical cycle. We report here the first in vivo and in vitro characterization of an engineered missense mutation in the motor domain of myosin. Expression of the K130L myosin in a Dictyostelium strain that lacks the myosin II heavy chain gene is sufficient to restore the ability of that cell line to undergo cytokinesis and multicellular development, processes that require functional myosin. The K130L myosin purified from these cells displays maximal actin-activated ATPase activities and promotes maximal sliding velocities of actin filaments in an in vitro motility assay that are comparable with those of wild-type myosin. These results demonstrate that this lysine residue is not required for the enzymatic or motile activities of myosin. However, the mutant protein exhibits a 4-fold increase in Km for ATP over wild-type myosin, indicating that this residue participates in the interaction of myosin with its nucleotide substrate.
Export ofErwinia chrysanthemi(EC16) protease byEscherichia coli (1986)

During exponential growth, Erwinia chrysanthemi (EC16) exports 99% of the protease (PRT) into the growth medium. By screening an EC16 genomic library in Escherichia coli HB101, several Prt+ clones were identified. A 16-kb EcoRI fragment, carrying the prt gene, was subcloned into pBR322 (pAKC326). E. coli HB101[pAKC326] cells exported PRT into the growth medium during exponential growth. PRT export was not accompanied by periplasmic leakage. E. coli HB101 carrying EC16 prt and pel genes (encoding pectate lyase) exported PRT but retained PEL in the periplasm. These findings indicate the occurrence of a PRT-specific export system in EC16, which is also functional in an E. coli strain carrying the prt+ DNA segment.
Stochastic Resonance Effects Reveal the Neural Mechanisms of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (2011)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular method for studying causal relationships between neural activity and behavior. However, its mode of action remains controversial, and so far there is no framework to explain its wide range of facilitatory and inhibitory behavioral effects. While some theoretical accounts suggest that TMS suppresses neuronal processing, other competing accounts propose that the effects of TMS result from the addition of noise to neuronal processing. Here we exploited the stochastic resonance phenomenon to distinguish these theoretical accounts and determine how TMS affects neuronal processing. Specifically, we showed that online TMS can induce stochastic resonance in the human brain. At low intensity, TMS facilitated the detection of weak motion signals, but with higher TMS intensities and stronger motion signals, we found only impairment in detection. These findings suggest that TMS acts by adding noise to neuronal processing, at least in an online TMS protocol. Importantly, such stochastic resonance effects may also explain why TMS parameters that under normal circumstances impair behavior can induce behavioral facilitations when the stimulated area is in an adapted or suppressed state.
Long-Term Storage of Information in DNA (2001)

In this digital age, the technology used for information storage is undergoing rapid advances. Data currently being stored in magnetic or optical media will probably become unrecoverable within a century or less, through the combined effects of hardware and software obsolescence and decay of the storage medium. New approaches are required that will permit retrieval of information stored for centuries or even millennia.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF NONLINEARITY IN FREE PROGRESSIVE ACOUSTIC WAVES IN AIR AT 20 kHz (1979)

This paper describes an experimental investigation of the propagation of periodic waves of finite amplitude in air at 20 kHz. The acoustic source used in our experimental work is a new high-power ultrasonic transducer for use in air. This transducer, which emits a directive radiation, is able to generate a nearly pure sinusoïdal wave up to sound pressure levels over 160 dB. The experiments were done in a 7.4 m long, 5.5 m wide and 5.5 m high anechoic chamber, using cw mode. They consisted essentially of measuring the amplitude of the fundamental component of the wave and its first three harmonics for different source pressure levels and at different distances in the farfield. In addition, oscillograms and directivity patterns were recorded. The obtained results confirm the strong limitations in the transmission of intense waves due to nonlinear distortion. The phenomenon of acoustic saturation at high source levels is clearly observed. Also the evolution of waveforms and the changes in the radiation patterns show the effect of nonlinear behaviour.
Growth of Dendranthema ×grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura under Various Spectral Filters (1991)

`Spears' (nonpinched and pinched) and `Yellow Mandalay' (pinched) chrysanthemums were grown in growth chambers equipped with panels filled with liquids that served as spectral filters. Light quality was altered by reducing blue light, increasing red: far-red (R: FR) light, or reducing R: FR. Control panels did not selectively alter light transmission. Photosynthetic photon flux was the same in all chambers. All plants grown under increased R: FR filters had reduced height, reduced internode length, and increased chlorophyll content compared to controls. Reduction in blue light decreased chlorophyll content of pinched plants compared to controls. Pinched plants grown under increased R: FR light and !ong days developed fewer nodes than controls due to the formation of abnormal capitula; the controls and plants from the other treatments developed more nodes before producing similarly abnormal capitula. Stem diameter and leaf area did not differ due to treatments.
Methodologies for designing LDPC codes using protographs and circulants (2004)

A method is presented for constructing LDPC codes with excellent performance, simple hardware implementation, low encoder complexity, and which can be concisely documented. The simple code structure is achieved by using a base graph, expanded with circulants. The base graph is chosen by computer search using simulated annealing, driven by density evolution's decoding threshold as determined by the reciprocal channel approximation. To build a full parity check matrix, each edge of the base graph is replaced by a circulant permutation, chosen to maximize loop length by using a Viterbi-like algorithm.
One hundred years of aspirin (1999)

Acetylsalicylic acid was synthesized by Gerhardt in 1853 and even put on the market during the 1880s by the firm Merck.1 Yet the proper history of this medicine begins only in 1897, now more than a hundred years ago, when this miracle amongst medicines was again synthesized at the dyestuffs factory of Friedrich Bayer and the chemical factory of Friedrich von Heyden. About eighteen months later at Bayer they provided this chemical substance with a brand name: Aspirin. The story of the development of Aspirin at Bayer is well known and has been told over and over again.
Cyclic GMP–Dependent Protein Kinase Expression in Coronary Arterial Smooth Muscle in Response to Balloon Catheter Injury (2000)

Arterial smooth muscle cells undergo phenotypic and proliferative changes in response to balloon catheter injury. Nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP have been implicated in the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotypic modulation in cultured-cell studies. We have examined the expression of the major cGMP receptor protein in smooth muscle, cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKG), in response to balloon catheter injury in the swine coronary artery. On injury, there was a transient decrease in the expression of PKG in neointimal smooth muscle cells when compared with medial smooth muscle cells. The decrease in PKG expression was observed in the population of proliferating cells expressing the extracellular matrix protein osteopontin but not in cells present in the uninjured portion of the media. Coincident with the suppression of PKG expression in neointimal cells after injury, there was a marked increase in the expression of type II NO synthase (inducible NOS [iNOS], NOS-II) in the neointimal cells. These results suggest that PKG expression is transiently reduced in response to injury in the population of coronary arterial smooth muscle cells that are actively proliferating and producing extracellular matrix proteins. The reduction in PKG expression is also correlated temporally with increases in inflammatory activity in the injured vessels as assessed by iNOS expression. Coupled with our current knowledge regarding the role of PKG in the regulation of cultured cell phenotypes, these results imply that PKG may also regulate phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo as well.
El sistema de incentivos para la reducción de cotizaciones por contingencias profesionales: análisis crítico de urgencia (2010)

El RD 404/1010, de 31 de marzo introduce en el ordenamiento juridico de la Seguridad Social el que denomina sistema de reduccion de las cotizaciones por contingencias profesionales a las empresas que haya contribuido especialmente a la disminucion y prevencion de la siniestralidad laboral: de ahi este analisis de urgencia.
Medios de información yelección mediática de Estado (2006)

Durante el transcurso del sexenio de gobierno del Presidente Vicente Fox Quesada, el uso de los medios de comunicación para dirigir al país por parte del Poder Ejecutivo fue muy intenso, al grado que surgió una poderosa videocracia. Dicho fenómeno caracterizó sustancialmente el corazón del gobierno de transición política al introducir la práctica de gobernar más a través de la transmisión de la propaganda gubernamental por los medios de difusión, que de la realización de acciones y logros concretos del gobierno. De esta forma, se constató que el uso de las herramientas de la publicidad y propaganda comerciales en los medios masivos, particularmente en la fase de sucesión presidencial, por parte del sector público, llegó a deformar el deber de comunicar del gobierno hacia una sociedad informada en la obsesión de mediatizar con la difusión de publicidad y marketin gubernamental a una sociedad plagada con grandes necesidades de desarrollo social que no han sido resueltas. Debido a ello, es indispensable poner un alto contundente a estas deformaciones estatales para regular, de manera equitativa, eficiente y responsable los procesos políticos de nuestro país, especialmente en las fases electorales. Por lo anterior, es impostergable, regular y supervisar integralmente el gasto en la comunicación gubernamental para que cumpla con los verdaderos fines sanos de la información a la ciudadanía que debe realizar el Estado mexicano y evitar que se convierta en un burdo uso propagandístico según los intereses políticos del gobierno y de los grupos políticos en turno
Involvement of double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor‐2α in neuronal degeneration (2002)

Inhibition of protein translation plays an important role in apoptosis. While double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is named as it is activated by double-stranded RNA produced by virus, its activation induces an inhibition of protein translation and apoptosis via the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha). PKR is also a stress kinase and its levels increase during ageing. Here we show that PKR activation and eIF2alpha phosphorylation play a significant role in apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells and primary neuronal cultures induced by the beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides, the calcium ionophore A23187 and flavonoids. The phosphorylation of eIF2alpha and the number of apoptotic cells were enhanced in over-expressed wild-type PKR neuroblastoma cells exposed to Abeta peptide, while dominant-negative PKR reduced eIF2alpha phosphorylation and apoptosis induced by Abeta peptide. Primary cultured neurons from PKR knockout mice were also less sensitive to Abeta peptide toxicity. Activation of PKR and eIF2alpha pathway by Abeta peptide are triggered by an increase in intracellular calcium because the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM significantly reduced PKR phosphorylation. Taken together, these results reveal that PKR and eIF2alpha phosphorylation could be involved in the molecular signalling events leading to neuronal apoptosis and death and could be a new target in neuroprotection.
Improving drag-and-drop on wall-size displays (2005)

On wall-size displays with pen or touch input, users can have difficulties reaching display contents located too high, too low, or too far away. Drag-and-drop interactions can be further complicated by bezels separating individual display units. Researchers have proposed a variety of interaction techniques to address this issue, such as extending the user&amp;apos;s reach (e.g., push-andthrow) and bringing potential targets to the user (drag- and-pop). In this paper, we introduce a new technique called push-and-pop that combines the strengths of push-and-throw and drag-and-pop. We present two user studies comparing six different techniques designed for extending drag-and-drop to wall-size displays. In both studies, participants were able to file icons on a wallsize display fastest when using the push-and-pop interface.
Lire Winnicott (2015)

Partant de l’article de Winnicott sur l’usage de l’objet, l’auteur montre que certaines notions développées par cet auteur (réalité de l’objet, valeur positive de sa destruction pour autant que l’objet survive) conduisent à un changement de paradigme dans la compréhension des patients somatisants. Avec « L’usage de l’objet… », Winnicott pourrait bien avoir écrit son propre « prélude à la vie fantasmatique ».
1991. Cambios en el escenario mundial y nacional (1991)

No abstract availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 19-20, 1991: 3-10
AmiC Functions as an N -Acetylmuramyl- l -Alanine Amidase Necessaryfor Cell Separation and Can Promote Autolysis in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2006)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is prone to undergo autolysis under many conditions not conducive to growth. The role of autolysis during gonococcal infection is not known, but possible advantages for the bacterial population include provision of nutrients to a starving population, modulation of the host immune response by released cell components, and donation of DNA for natural transformation. Biochemical studies indicated that an N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase is responsible for cell wall breakdown during autolysis. In order to better understand autolysis and in hopes of creating a nonautolytic mutant, we mutated amiC, the gene for a putative peptidoglycan-degrading amidase in N. gonorrhoeae. Characterization of peptidoglycan fragments released during growth showed that an amiC mutant did not produce free disaccharide, consistent with a role for AmiC as an N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase. Compared to the wild-type parent, the mutant exhibited altered growth characteristics, including slowed exponential-phase growth, increased turbidity in stationary phase, and increased colony opacity. Thin-section electron micrographs showed that mutant cells did not fully separate but grew as clumps. Complementation of the amiC deletion mutant with wild-type amiC restored wild-type growth characteristics and transparent colony morphology. Overexpression of amiC resulted in increased cell lysis, supporting AmiC's purported function as a gonococcal autolysin. However, amiC mutants still underwent autolysis in stationary phase, indicating that other gonococcal enzymes are also involved in this process.
Bacterial Iron Sources: From Siderophores to Hemophores (2004)

Iron is an essential element for most organisms, including bacteria. The oxidized form is insoluble, and the reduced form is highly toxic for most macromolecules and, in biological systems, is generally sequestrated by iron- and heme-carrier proteins. Thus, despite its abundance on earth, there is practically no free iron available for bacteria whatever biotope they colonize. To fulfill their iron needs, bacteria have multiple iron acquisition systems, reflecting the diversity of their potential biotopes. The iron/heme acquisition systems in bacteria have one of two general mechanisms. The first involves direct contact between the bacterium and the exogenous iron/heme sources. The second mechanism relies on molecules (siderophores and hemophores) synthesized and released by bacteria into the extracellular medium; these molecules scavenge iron or heme from various sources. Recent genetic, biochemical, and crystallographic studies have allowed substantial progress in describing molecular mechanisms of siderophore and hemophore interactions with the outer membrane receptors, transport through the inner membrane, iron storage, and regulation of genes encoding biosynthesis and uptake proteins.