gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engaged learning in a computer science course (2007)

This paper describes the problem of student passivity in class and how can it be addressed by taking advantage of the classroom response system technologies to engage their attention during the class, make them participate in their learning process and provide them and the instructor with immediate feedback on their understanding of the concepts presented. While the use of this technology provides a rapid and simple method for assessing in real time the understanding of the students and organizing their responses, a major part of the work involves developing sets of conceptual questions, rather than algorithmic ones, to be deployed and discussed in class. These sets of questions and the current response technology provide a hierarchy of concepts that pose understanding problems, thus allowing the instructor to map the progress of students in real time and respond accordingly.
Genes that regulate both development and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1995)

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans responds to conditions of overcrowding and limited food by arresting development as a dauer larva. Genetic analysis of mutations that alter dauer larva formation (daf mutations) is presented along with an updated genetic pathway for dauer vs. nondauer development. Mutations in the daf-2 and daf-23 genes double adult life span, whereas mutations in four other dauer-constitutive genes positioned in a separate branch of this pathway (daf-1, daf-4, daf-7 and daf-8) do not. The increased life spans are suppressed completely by a daf-16 mutation and partially in a daf-2; daf-18 double mutant. A genetic pathway for determination of adult life span is presented based on the same strains and growth conditions used to characterize Daf phenotypes. Both dauer larva formation and adult life span are affected in daf-2; daf-12 double mutants in an allele-specific manner. Mutations in daf-12 do not extend adult life span, but certain combinations of daf-2 and daf-12 mutant alleles nearly quadruple it. This synergistic effect, which does not equivalently extend the fertile period, is the largest genetic extension of life span yet observed in a metazoan.
Bridging the gap to IP telephony (2002)

Application of the Internet protocol (IP) as a network technology for telephony has the power to revolutionize the telecommunications industry. The bandwidth is flexible and almost free, and new services can easily be introduced. This abundance of services and bandwidth is the promise of IP telephony. Before this promise can be fulfilled, however, IP telephony needs to mature and bridge the gap to current telephone systems: the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the integrated services digital network (ISDN), and the wireless systems. Transferring telephone service to the IP domain is not a simple task. Solutions used in switched telephone networks may not be appropriate for the data world. On the other hand, the data world creates its own problems - addressing, reliability, and security are some examples. Initially, these problems may seem best solved by reusing protocols and ideas from the switched telephone world and adapting them to IP. However, tomorrow's problems may be created by such solutions. For example, should an IP telephony service be encumbered with legacy issues such as in-band tone signaling? In this paper, we give an overview of interesting issues in this area and provide a framework in which solutions to small problems can contribute to reaching the final goal of an IP-based telephony service.
Increased tyrosine kinase activity associated with the protein encoded by the activated neu oncogene. (1988)

A single mutation altering the transmembrane domain of the receptor-like p185 protein encoded by the rat neu gene converts the normal neu gene into a potent oncogene. The biochemical consequences of this mutation were studied by examining phosphorylation of the normal and transforming p185 molecules in membrane preparations. Here we show that the transforming p185 is phosphorylated to a much higher extent in vitro than its normal counterpart. This preferential phosphorylation has the properties that would be expected of p185 autophosphorylation: it takes place on tyrosine and requires intact p185 kinase activity. The normal p185 protein does not demonstrate increased phosphorylation even when it coexists in a transformed cell with the transforming p185 protein. These data show that transforming p185 is specifically associated with an active tyrosine kinase activity and suggest that this activity is intrinsic to the transforming protein. Thus, the transmembrane domain of p185 appears to directly regulate its kinase activity.
Introduction of 2,2,2‐Trichloroethyl‐Protected Sulfates into Monosaccharides with a Sulfuryl Imidazolium Salt and Application to the Synthesis of Sulfated Carbohydrates (2006)

Sweet sulfur: Sulfuryl imidazolium salt 1 represents a new class of highly potent sulfating agents and is very effective for introducing trichloroethyl-protected sulfates into monosaccharides for the synthesis of sulfated oligosaccharides (see scheme; NMI=N-methylimidazole, OTf=triflate, PG=protecting group, TCE=2,2,2-trichloroethyl).
Fifth-Generation Digital Immunoassay for Prostate-Specific Antigen by Single Molecule Array Technology (2011)

The robust 2-log improvement in limit of quantification relative to current ultrasensitive assays and the validated analytical performance of the assay allow for accurate assessment of PSA status after RP.
Inheritance of Partial Resistance to Sclerotinia Stem Rot in Soybean (2000)

Little is known about the inheritance of partial resistance in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to sclerotinia stem rot, caused by the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. This information would be useful to soybean breeders who are developing cultivars with resistance to sclerotinia stem rot. Our objectives were to study the inheritance of partial resistance to sclerotinia stem rot and to present the initial results from mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) that confer this resistance. The research was conducted by testing 152 F 3 ‐derived lines from a cross between a partially resistant cultivar, Novartis Seeds S19‐90 (formerly Northrup King), and a susceptible cultivar, Williams 82, for resistance to sclerotinia stem rot and agronomic traits at two Michigan locations in each of 2 yr. These lines were also evaluated for 123 genetic markers to map resistance genes. The resistance of the lines, measured with a disease severity index (DSI), was normally distributed across environments. Significant ( P &lt; 0.05) genotypic variation, genotype × location, and genotype × year interactions were observed for DSI. The broad‐sense heritability estimate for DSI across both locations and years was 0.59. More severe disease was significantly correlated with greater lodging, later date of maturity, later R1 date, and greater plant height. Three QTL, explaining 10, 9, and 8% of the variability for DSI across environments, were mapped with genetic markers. Two of these QTL were also significantly associated with disease escape mechanisms such as plant height, lodging, and date of flowering. The other QTL was not significantly associated with escape mechanisms and may map one or more genes involved in physiological resistance to the disease.
Siglas empleadas (1989)

aag Arzobispado de Guadalajara. abmt Biblioteca del Museo de Tepic (Archivo Histórico del Ayuntamiento). acj Congreso de Jalisco, Guadalajara. agn Archivo General de la Nación, México. ahdn Archivo Histórico de la Defensa Nacional, México. ahj Archivo Histôrico de Jalisco. aipg Archivo de Instrumentos Públicos, Guadalajara. aipt Archivo de Instrumentos Publicos, Tepic. arac Archivo de la Real Audiencia de Nueva Galicia (ramo Criminal), Guadalajara. araf Archivo de la Real Audiencia de Nueva G...
Inkjet-printed, vertically-integrated, high-performance inductors and transformers on flexible LCP substrate (2014)

Vertically-integrated inkjet-printed inductors and transformers are demonstrated for the first time with high levels of performance and repeatability. The inductive components are fabricated using a well-characterized multi-layer inkjet printing process which is substrate independent and has been optimized for the fabrication of RF components. Printed spiral inductors with values of 10 nH and 25 nH are demonstrated with a maximum Q of over 20 at 1 GHz, which is the highest Q value reported to date for printed components, and a repeatability of within 5% between fabrication runs. Printed inductively coupled transformer-based baluns are also demonstrated which operate at 1.4 GHz with a maximum available gain of −1.7 dB.
Molecular Characterization of NADH-Dependent Glutamate Synthase from Alfalfa Nodules (1993)

Robert G. Gregerson, Susan S. Miller, Scott N. Twary, J. Stephen Gantt, Carroll P. Vance, Molecular Characterization of NADH-Dependent Glutamate Synthase from Alfalfa Nodules, The Plant Cell, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Feb., 1993), pp. 215-226
High-dose oral N -acetylcysteine, a glutathione prodrug, modulates inflammation in cystic fibrosis (2006)

Neutrophilic airway inflammation is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF). As high oxidant producers, airway neutrophils contribute largely to the systemic redox imbalance seen in CF. In turn, this chronic and profound imbalance can impact circulating neutrophils before their migration into airways. Indeed, in 18 CF patients with stable disease, blood neutrophils were readily deficient in the pivotal antioxidant glutathione (P = 0.003, compared with 9 healthy controls). In a phase 1 study, this deficiency was improved (P = 0.025) by the glutathione prodrug N-acetylcysteine, given orally in high doses (0.6 to 1.0 g three times daily, for 4 weeks). This treatment was safe and markedly decreased sputum elastase activity (P = 0.006), the strongest predictor of CF pulmonary function. Consistently, neutrophil burden in CF airways was decreased upon treatment (P = 0.003), as was the number of airway neutrophils actively releasing elastase-rich granules (P = 0.005), as measured by flow cytometry. Pulmonary function measures were not improved, as expected with short-term treatment. After excluding data from subjects without baseline airway inflammation, positive treatment effects were more pronounced and included decreased sputum IL-8 levels (P = 0.032). Thus, high-dose oral N-acetylcysteine has the potential to counter the intertwined redox and inflammatory imbalances in CF.
Endogenous Fibroblastic Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mouse Lung Are Highly Enriched in the Sca-1 Positive Cell Fraction (2008)

Originally identified as a marker specifying murine hematopoietic stem cells, the Sca-1 antigen has since been shown to be differentially expressed by candidate stem cells in tissues including vascular endothelium, skeletal muscle, mammary gland, and prostate of adult mice. In the adult murine lung, Sca-1 has previously been identified as a selectable marker for the isolation of candidate nonhematopoietic (CD45(-)), nonendothelial (CD31(-)) bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASC) located at the bronchioalveolar duct junction that coexpress surfactant protein C and the Clara cell specific protein. Our systematic analysis of CD45(-)CD31(-)Sca-1(+) cells in fetal, neonatal, and adult lung shows that very few of these cells are detectable prior to birth but expand exponentially postnatally coinciding with the transition from the saccular to the alveolar stage of lung development. Unlike candidate BASCs, the CD45(-)CD31(-)Sca-1(+)CD34(+) cell fraction we describe coexpresses immunophenotypic markers (Thy-1 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha) that define lung fibroblastic rather than epithelial cells. The mesenchymal "signature" of the CD45(-)CD31(-)Sca-1(+)CD34(+) cell fraction is further confirmed by transcriptional profiling, by cell culture studies demonstrating enrichment for clonogenic lipofibroblastic and nonlipofibroblastic progenitors, and by immunohistochemical localization of Sca-1 in perivascular cells of the lung parenchyma. Although the CD45(-)CD31(-)Sca-1(+)CD34(+) cell phenotype does define endogenous clonogenic progenitor cells in the adult murine lung, our data indicate that these progenitors are predominantly representative of mesenchymal cell lineages, and highlights the pressing need for the identification of alternative markers and robust functional assays for the identification and characterization of epithelial and fibroblastic stem and progenitor cell populations in the adult lung.
Joint Governance Regions and Major Prevention Periods of PM2.5 Pollution in China Based on Wavelet Analysis and Concentration-Weighted Trajectory (2020)

China has made some progress in controlling PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm) pollution, but there are still some key areas that need further strengthening. Considering that excessive prevention and control efforts affect economic development, this paper combined an empirical orthogonal function, a continuous wavelet transform, and a concentration-weighted trajectory method to study joint regional governance during key pollution periods to provide suggestions for the efficient control of PM2.5. The results from our panel of data of PM2.5 in China from 2016 to 2018 could be decomposed into two modes. In the first mode, the pollution center was in central Shaanxi Province, and the main eruption period was from November to January of the following year. As the center of this region, Xi’an should cooperate with the four cities in eastern Sichuan (Nanchong, Guangan, Bazhong, and Dazhou) to control PM2.5, since the eruption occurred in this area. Moreover, governance should last for at least two cycles, where one cycle is at least 23 days. The pollution center of the second mode was in the western part of Xinjiang. Therefore, after the prevention and control efforts during the first mode are completed, the regional city of Kashgar should continue to build a joint governance zone for PM2.5 along the Tianshan mountains in the east, focusing on prevention and control over two cycles (where one cycle is 28 days).
Mimotope vaccination – from allergy to cancer (2009)

Mimotope technology is a relatively young theme in allergology and oncology. Still, proof of concept studies testing allergen and tumour mimotope vaccines suggest that mimotopes are ready for clinical trials.
Lightweight shared objects in a 64-bit operating system (1992)

article Lightweight shared objects in a 64-bit operating system Share on Authors: Jeffrey S. Chase View Profile , Henry M. Levy View Profile , Edward D. Lazowska View Profile , Miche Baker-Harvey View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 27Issue 10Oct. 1992 pp 397–413https://doi.org/10.1145/141937.141969Online:31 October 1992Publication History 55citation519DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations55Total Downloads519Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Differences in the profiles of circulating levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist reflect the heterogeneity of the subgroups of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. (2002)

The increased serum level of sTNF receptors in SoJRA suggests that TNF is likely more important than IL-1 in systemic inflammation and in particular in SoJRA. Conversely, IL-1 is likely more important in the inflammatory arthritis of JRA and in particular in the pathogenesis of RF+ polyarticular JRA. Our results suggest that cytokines have differing roles in JRA subtypes and likely reflect JRA subtype heterogeneity.
Review of transducer applications of polyvinylidene fluoride (1983)

In recent years, there has been considerable interest expressed in the polymer polyvinylidene fluoride, stemming largely from its piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. The wide range of applications for this transducer material is reviewed, and a number of applications are described in greater detail, in particular for use as an acoustically transparent membrane hydrophone for transducer calibration and beam plotting and as a pulse-echo transducer in medical imaging.
Overexpression of the EphA2 tyrosine kinase in prostate cancer (1999)

The EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase is differentially expressed in human and canine prostate cancer cell lines and overexpressed in human prostate cancers as compared with benign prostate tissues. Metastasis-derived canine prostate carcinoma cell lines overexpress EphA2 and may provide pre-clinical models to further evaluate the role of EphA2 in prostate carcinogenesis. Further investigations are needed to determine the utility of EphA2 as a tumor marker and a novel target in human prostate cancer.
Stable isotopes of lithium: in vivo differential distribution between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. (1982)

Stable and radioactive isotopes of an element have been utilized to study a variety of complex phenomena including metabolic pathways and enzyme reactions. It is generally assumed that isotopes of an element are not treated in a differential manner. Nevertheless we have demonstrated that the two stable isotopes of lithium (Li), one of mass 6 and the other with a mass of 7, are differentially taken up by red blood cells with 6-8% higher quantities of 6-lithium (6Li) being accumulated. We report here on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of Li isotopes. Nineteen adult cats were given a single dose of either 6LiCl by gastric intubation (1 meq/kg) and 2 weeks later the treatment was crossed. Plasma concentrations of the two Li isotopes were determined. In another series of studies 19 adult cats were given either 6LiCl or 7LiCl by intubation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples were collected simultaneously and isotropic Li concentrations of the spinal fluid and plasma were determined. The average plasma concentration of 6Li was higher than 7-lithium (7Li) between 2 and 9 hr postadministration. The elimination curve for both isotopes had an initial fast and later slow component. For the slow component 6Li had an average half-life of 12.9 and 7Li 15.9 hr. Comparison of the CSF/plasma ratio for 6Li and for 7Li indicated that the ratios were higher for 6Li than 7Li 2-6 hr after administration. These data suggest that factors in addition to concentration gradients influence the transport of Li isotopes across the blood-brain barrier. These studies demonstrate the acute pharmacokinetics of the two Li isotopes are not the same in compartmental distribution and rate of disappearance from plasma. It is conceivable 6Li may have a greater toxic or therapeutic effect than 7Li in the treatment of manic-depressive illness.
Lippmann–Bragg broadband holographic mirrors (1991)

Lippmann–Bragg broadband volume holographic mirrors, with chirp normal to the surface, represent an entirely new class of grating. These gratings are presented and analyzed theoretically by using a combination of the multiple-beam interference method and Kogelnik’s local solution for uniform gratings. Particularly noteworthy is the new grating’s combination of a very high Bragg diffraction efficiency (&gt;99.5%) with a large tunable bandwidth (from 5 to &gt;300 nm).
Fabrication of Free-Standing Metallic Pyramidal Shells (2004)

This paper describes a technique for fabricating three-dimensional, metallic, pyramidal microstructures with base dimensions of 1−2 μm, wall thicknesses of ∼100−200 nm, and tip-curvature radius of ∼50 nm. The procedure begins with the fabrication of pyramidal pits in the surface of an n-doped silicon substrate. An electrically insulating surface layer of SiO2 covers the regions outside the pits. These pits are patterned using either conventional photolithography or soft lithography and formed by selective anisotropic etching. The resulting topographically patterned silicon serves as the cathode for the selective electrodeposition of metal in the pyramidal pits. Removing the silicon template by etching generates free-standing, pyramidal, metallic microstructures.
Developmental biology of erythropoiesis (1998)

A newborn infant represents the culmination of developmental events from conception through organogenesis. Red cells are critically important for survival and growth of the embryo. During development, erythropoiesis occurs in two distinct forms. The first 'primitive' form consists of nucleated erythroblasts that differentiate within the blood vessels of the extraembryonic yolk sac. The second 'definitive' form consists of anucleate erythrocytes that differentiate within the liver and third trimester bone marrow of the fetus. While adult bone marrow and cord blood now serve as sources of stem cells for the treatment by transplantation of genetic and malignant diseases, the developmental origin of hematopoietic stem cells has not been determined. During the third trimester the fetus grows rapidly and the production of red cells is approximately 3-5 times that of adult steady state levels. Birth brings dramatic changes in oxygenation and erythropoietin production that result in a tenfold drop in red cell production and in a transient 'physiologic' anemia. Other causes of fetal and infant anemias have their origins in development processes. These include globin gene switching in alpha and beta thalassemia, the expression of red cell antigens in alloimmune hemolytic disease, and the poorly understood defects in the regulation of erythropoiesis in Diamond Blackfan anemia. Even in the adult, vestiges of fetal erythropoiesis are evident during transient states of accelerated erythroid expansion. A better understanding of the development of erythropoiesis will bring improvements in the treatment of anemia, not only in the newborn, but also in the fetus and the adult.
Design, Synthesis, Biology, and Conformations of Bicyclic .alpha.-Melanotropin Analogs (1995)

Seven side chain-constrained bicyclic alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) analogues were designed and synthesized, their conformations analyzed, and their biological properties examined in the frog skin and lizard skin bioassays. The structure of these analogues is based on the central sequence Ac-Cys4-Xaa5-His6-DPhe7-Arg8-Trp9-Cys10-Lys11 -NH2 (Xaa5 = Asp or Glu) and has been extended on the N-terminal with the amino acids Ser1-Tyr2-Ser3 and on the C-terminal with Pro12-Val13 to more closely resemble the native hormone alpha-MSH. The analogue Ac-Cys4-Asp5-His6-DPhe7-Arg8-Trp9-Lys10-Cys11 -NH2 also was synthesized, and its conformational and biological properties were examined. Design of these analogues was based upon the previously identified superpotent monocyclic peptides [Cys4,DPhe7,Cys10]alpha-MSH(4-10)-NH2 and [Nle4,Asp5,DPhe7,Lys10]alpha-MSH(4-10)-NH2 with the rationale of increasing conformational constraints to restrict the available backbone conformations as a means to identify the conformations that facilitate biological activity. Computer-assisted conformational analysis of the central tetrapeptide residues 6-9 identified beta-turns which varied with respect to the residue in the i + 1 position. Each highly constrained peptide contains D-Phe7 and a 23-membered ring which has previously been identified as crucial to produce prolonged acting peptides with superagonistic activities. The bicyclic peptides reported in this study are full agonists and are 25-400-fold less potent than alpha-MSH in the frog and lizard skin bioassays.