gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid in alcohol dependent patients after single and repeated oral doses. (1992)

1. The pharmacokinetics of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) were studied in 10 alcohol dependent subjects after single and repeated therapeutic oral doses (25 mg kg-1 every 12 h for 7 days). 2. GHB was readily absorbed and rapidly eliminated (tmax = 20-45 min; mean t1/2z 27 +/- 5 s.d. min). Urinary recovery of unchanged GHB was negligible (less than 1% of the dose). gamma-butyrolactone was not detected in either plasma or urine, indicating that lactonization of GHB does not occur in vivo. 3. The multiple-dose regimen resulted neither in accumulation of GHB nor in time-dependent modification of its pharmacokinetics. 4. In five subjects, the data were consistent with nonlinear elimination kinetics of GHB. Administration of a 50 mg kg-1 dose to these subjects resulted in significant increases in dose-normalized AUC, t1/2z and mean residence time. 5. Doubling of the dose also resulted in a significant increase in tmax with little change in Cmax. 6. At the administered doses, GHB did not accumulate in the plasma and caused no serious side effects.
FractalMRC: Online Cache Miss Rate Curve Prediction on Commodity Systems (2012)

Shared caches in chip multi-processors (CMPs) have important benefits such as accelerating inter-core communication, yet the inherent cache contention among multiple processes on such architectures can significantly degrade performance. To address this problem, cache partitioning has been studied based on the prediction of the cache miss rate curve (MRC) of the concurrently running programs. On-line MRC prediction, however, either requires special hardware support or incurs a high overhead when conducted purely in software. This paper presents a new MRC prediction scheme based on a fractal model and hence called Fractal MRC. It uses the easily available features in performance monitoring units of modern Intel processors and predicts the MRC of a running program with low overhead and high accuracy. No changes to applications and hardware are required. The prediction is validated against the measured results for 26 applications from SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite. The highest prediction accuracy is 99.3%, the accuracy of 12 of the applications is over 80%, and the average is 76%. The cost of prediction is 2% slowdown on average. The new, efficient and accurate MRC prediction has enabled a dynamic technique to partition cache between pairs of applications at run time to match or exceed the best performance attainable with static cache partitioning.
Chiral Separations (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTChiral SeparationsTimothy J. Ward and Daisy-Malloy HamburgView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Millsaps College, 1701 North State Street, Box 150306, Jackson, Mississippi 39210 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 16, 4635–4644Publication Date (Web):June 19, 2004Publication History Published online19 June 2004Published inissue 1 August 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac040093thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac040093treview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2187Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chromatography,High-performance liquid chromatography,Molecular structure,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Factor IX San Dimas (1989)

DNA sequence analysis of the Factor IX gene from a hemophilia B patient (98% Factor IX antigen; less than 0.01 unit/ml clotting activity) has identified a point mutation in exon II. A guanine to adenine transition causes the substitution of a glutamine codon for an arginine codon at -4 in the propeptide of Factor IX. This variant, termed Factor IX San Dimas, circulates in the plasma as proFactor IX with a mutant 18-amino acid propeptide still attached. Like Factor IX Cambridge (Arg-1----Ser), Factor IX San Dimas is unable to express metal-induced epitopes recognized by conformation-specific polyclonal antibodies. Amino acid analysis of the alkaline hydrolysate indicates that purified Factor IX San Dimas contains a reduced number of gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues compared to Factor IX. However, this protein undergoes metal-induced quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence. In addition, Factor IX San Dimas is unable to interact with phospholipid vesicles. The absence of coagulant activity in Factor IX San Dimas can be attributed to impaired calcium-induced conformational changes and loss in the ability to bind phospholipid vesicles in the presence of calcium ions.
Mantle cell lymphoma (2009)

This perspective article by Drs. Pileri and Falini examines the diagnosis and bio-pathology of mantle cell lymphoma in the light of the criteria of the WHO Classification and recent reports. See related articles on pages 1555, 1563 and 1595.
HADDOCK:  A Protein−Protein Docking Approach Based on Biochemical or Biophysical Information (2003)

The structure determination of protein-protein complexes is a rather tedious and lengthy process, by both NMR and X-ray crystallography. Several methods based on docking to study protein complexes have also been well developed over the past few years. Most of these approaches are not driven by experimental data but are based on a combination of energetics and shape complementarity. Here, we present an approach called HADDOCK (High Ambiguity Driven protein-protein Docking) that makes use of biochemical and/or biophysical interaction data such as chemical shift perturbation data resulting from NMR titration experiments or mutagenesis data. This information is introduced as Ambiguous Interaction Restraints (AIRs) to drive the docking process. An AIR is defined as an ambiguous distance between all residues shown to be involved in the interaction. The accuracy of our approach is demonstrated with three molecular complexes. For two of these complexes, for which both the complex and the free protein structures have been solved, NMR titration data were available. Mutagenesis data were used in the last example. In all cases, the best structures generated by HADDOCK, that is, the structures with the lowest intermolecular energies, were the closest to the published structure of the respective complexes (within 2.0 A backbone RMSD).
'Microtips' fluorescent display (2002)

A novel CRT (cathode ray tube) based on cold electron emission by field effect from a matrix array of 'microtips' and on low-voltage cathodoluminescence is described. The 'microtips' display associates the main performances of the CRT with those of flat panels. Specifically, the feasibility of monochrome and full color microtips displays which associate the main performances of the CRT (speed, viewing angle, brightness, contrast, and temperature range) with a flat, ultrathin, lightweight matrix addressed structure has been demonstrated. The proposed display is potentially suitable for any flat panel application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Plans for the Bishops Stortford (UK) fibre to the home trials (1990)

Plans for a British trial of novel topologies for fiber to the home are now at an advanced stage. The reasons and objectives for the trial, the technologies to be deployed, and the proposed layout and timing of the trial are outlined. The following objectives were set for the trial: (1) to demonstrate the technical feasibility of using optical fibers in the local loop for small business and single-line telephony customers: (2) to provide experience in practical operational aspects of the optical local network, including installation, moving of customers, reliability, maintenance, and network control; (3) to allow comparison of active and passive architectures with regard to cost, technical performance, and ease of operation and customer response; (4) to provide experience that will allow projection of procurement and operational cost with greater confidence than at present; and (5) to provide the first-hand knowledge that will permit its full participation in the world debate on topologies, technologies, and standards for optical local networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Activation of NF- κ B by Reactive Oxygen Intermediates in the Nervous System (1999)

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is a transcription factor crucially involved in glial and neuronal function. NF-kappa B is ubiquitously distributed within the nervous system, and its inducible activity can be discerned from constitutive activity. Prototypic inducible NF-kappa B in the nervous system is composed of the DNA-binding subunits p50 and p65 complexed with an inhibitory I kappa B-alpha molecule. A number of signals from the cell surface can lead to rapid activation of NK-kappa B, thus releasing the inhibition by I kappa B. This activates translocation of NF-kappa B to the nucleus, where it binds to kappa B motifs of target genes and activates transcription. Previous findings have identified reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) as a common denominator of NF-kappa B activating signals. More specifically, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) might be used as second messenger in the NF-kappa B system, despite its cytotoxicity. Analysis of pathways leading to NF-kappa B activation in the nervous system has identified a number of ROI-dependent pathways such as cytokine- and neurotrophin-mediated activation, glutamatergic signal transduction, and various diseases with crucial ROI involvement (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and injury). A number of NF-kappa B-specific target genes contribute to the production of ROI or are involved in detoxification of ROIs. In this review, possible mechanisms and regulatory pathways of ROI-mediated NF-kappa B activation are discussed.
Design and Impact of a Real-Time Drilling Data Center (1984)

ABSTRACT A computer enhanced telecommunications system has been jointly developed by a major operator and a service company to provide real-time data acquisition and back-up surveillance of drilling operations. A continuously manned central Data Center links the experience and talents of office, rigsite, and technical personnel to provide immediate cost-effective decisions. Benefits include: (1) significant cost per foot reductions; (2) potentially hazardous, costly problems minimized or eliminated; (3) management and experienced staff personnel involvement in critical well decisions using real-time data; (4) a real-time and historical database for use with drilling optimization programs and (5) a means for generating morning reports, invoices, inventory, and cost-control between rigsite and office personnel. Case histories demonstrating the above benefits are presented from several areas.
In Vitro Selection of a DNA-Templated Small-Molecule Library Reveals a Class of Macrocyclic Kinase Inhibitors (2010)

DNA-templated organic synthesis enables the translation of DNA sequences into synthetic small-molecule libraries suitable for in vitro selection. Previously, we described the DNA-templated multistep synthesis of a 13,824-membered small-molecule macrocycle library. Here, we report the discovery of small molecules that modulate the activity of kinase enzymes through the in vitro selection of this DNA-templated small-molecule macrocycle library against 36 biomedically relevant protein targets. DNA encoding selection survivors was amplified by PCR and identified by ultra-high-throughput DNA sequencing. Macrocycles corresponding to DNA sequences enriched upon selection against several protein kinases were synthesized on a multimilligram scale. In vitro assays revealed that these macrocycles inhibit (or activate) the kinases against which they were selected with IC(50) values as low as 680 nM. We characterized in depth a family of macrocycles enriched upon selection against Src kinase, and showed that inhibition was highly dependent on the identity of macrocycle building blocks as well as on backbone conformation. Two macrocycles in this family exhibited unusually strong Src inhibition selectivity even among kinases closely related to Src. One macrocycle was found to activate, rather than inhibit, its target kinase, VEGFR2. Taken together, these results establish the use of DNA-templated synthesis and in vitro selection to discover small molecules that modulate enzyme activities, and also reveal a new scaffold for selective ATP-competitive kinase inhibition.
En face imaging of single cell layers by differential phase-contrast optical coherence microscopy (2002)

Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is capable of imaging the backscattering potential of a sample with high transversal and axial resolution. We report on a combination of OCM with a differential phase-contrast technique that permits imaging of the subwavelength optical path differences that occur between a narrow beam probing a sample and its surrounding. This technique allows small transversal refractive-index variations close to a selected interface to be seen. We report on the method and present first images of a test sample and a single cell layer. The cells act as phase objects; imaging the phase properties improves the contrast compared with that of intensity images.
Unusual xanthomas in a young patient with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and type III hyperlipoproteinemia (1996)

We report on a 20-year-old man with the combination of two independent familial lipoprotein disorders: heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). Familial hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed by elevated total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and family history. By denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, a G→A splice donor mutation in intron 3 of the proband's low density lipoprotein receptor gene was identified as the underlying molecular defect. This mutation was described previously as a receptor-negative founder mutation in Norway (FH-Elverum) and subsequently in 6 unrelated heterozygous English patients, creating a severe phenotype of familial hypercholesterolemia. Type III HLP was confirmed by homozygosity for apolipoprotein (apo) E2 and an elevated ratio of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol to serum triglycerides (0.40; normal ratio about 0.20). The patient has unusual flat xanthomas in the interdigital webs of the hands which are normally not found in either disease. These dermatological findings might therefore be indicative of the rare combination of both disorders of lipoprotein metabolism in one individual. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ADVANCES IN FIBRE DEVICES (1993)

Optical fibre devices are assemblies of fibre components, often incorporating special fibre designs, to form functional optical fibre circuits with a complexity which increases annually. Fibre circuits can be thought of as a discrete technology which can exceed the complexity of integrated optics and which has a number of important attributes. These are: low intrinsic losses, low interconnection losses, polarisation independence and relatively-low manufacturing and assembly costs. However, it should be recognised that optical fibre devices are relatively large (ie long), they cannot easily be modulated, they have small electro-, acousto- and magneto-optic interactions, and a small third-order and a negligible second- order non-linearity. Notwithstanding these disadvantages, a number of successes have been achieved, notably four-port fused-taper couplers, photorefractive Bragg grating filters and the erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA). It is the purpose of this review to provide a critical appraisal of current optical fibre device work and to examine future prospects for the technology in the light of a number of recent developments (eg new glasses). Fibre amplifiers will be covered elsewhere in the Conference.
Mechanical versus enzymatic isolation of stromal vascular fraction cells from adipose tissue (2015)

Clinical use of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for a variety of indications is rapidly expanding in medicine. Most commonly, ASCs are isolated at the point of care from lipoaspirate tissue as the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). The cells are immediately administered to the patient as an injection or used to enrich fat grafts. Isolation of ASCs from adipose tissue is a relatively simple process performed routinely in cell biology laboratories, but isolation at the point of care for immediate clinical administration requires special methodology to prevent contamination, ensure integrity of clinical research and comply with regulatory requirements. A lack of practical laboratory experience, regulatory uncertainty and a relative paucity of objective published data can make selection of the optimum separation method for specific indications a difficult task for the clinician and can discourage clinical adoption. In this paper, we discuss the processes which can be used to separate SVF cells from fat tissue. We compare the various mechanical and enzymatic methods. We discuss the practical considerations involved in selecting an appropriate method from a clinical perspective. Studies consistently show that breakdown of the extracellular matrix achieved with proteolytic enzymes affords significantly greater efficiency to the separation process. SVF isolated through mechanical methods is equally safe, less costly and less time consuming but the product contains a higher frequency of blood mononuclear cells and fewer progenitor cells. Mechanical methods can provide a low cost, rapid and simple alternative to enzymatic isolation methods, and are attractive when smaller quantities of ASCs are sufficient.
Differential effects of sequential, simultaneous, and single agent interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on megakaryocyte maturation and platelet response in primates (1992)

Recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) following interleukin-3 (IL-3) priming has been shown to increase thrombopoiesis. To elucidate the comparative abilities of IL-3 and GM- CSF in influencing megakaryocyte development in vivo, serial bone marrow analyses were performed on rhesus monkeys treated with 5 micrograms/kg/d of IL-3 and 5 micrograms/kg/d of GM-CSF sequentially for 4 days each, simultaneously for 8 days, and as single agents for 8 days. Platelet counts maximally increased to a mean of 7.5 x 10(5)/microL (n = 3) on days 11 through 12 in monkeys treated with sequential IL-3/GM-CSF. In contrast, neither IL-3 alone nor simultaneously administered IL-3/GM-CSF elicited increases in thrombopoiesis between days 3 and 15. GM-CSF elicited a variable platelet response. Megakaryocyte ploidy distributions were significantly (P &lt; .001) shifted between days 7 and 10 in monkeys treated sequentially and between days 3 and 15 in monkeys treated with combined IL-3/GM-CSF and with GM-CSF alone but not in monkeys treated with IL-3 alone. The changes in mean DNA content and megakaryocyte size, as determined by digital image analysis, were larger in monkeys treated with sequential IL-3/GM-CSF and with GM-CSF alone than in simultaneously treated monkeys. In addition, sequentially but not simultaneously treated monkeys showed increased numbers of megakaryocytes on bone marrow biopsy. We conclude that administration of IL-3 followed by GM-CSF treatment increases thrombopoiesis by sequentially increasing megakaryocyte numbers and maturation and that these effects are diminished by simultaneous administration of the two cytokines.
Structure and transcription of the gene for translation elongation factor 1 subunit alpha of zebrafish (Danio rerio) (1997)

The zebrafish gene for translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1 alpha) was isolated from a phage Lambda genomic library and sequence and structure determined. One gene copy of EF1 alpha per haploid set of chromosomes was found and no processed pseudogenes. A highly active promoter region was localized to a 277 bp PstI/PvuII fragment beginning 240 bp upstream from the tsp, but no transcription enhancing, or silencing activity was observed within 1 kbp upstream, or downstream from the promoter. Expression of EF1 alpha appears to be developmentally regulated.
A STUDY OF HUMAN SKIN GRAFTED UPON THE CHORIO-ALLANTOIS OF CHICK EMBRYOS (1938)

Human skin grafted upon the chorio-allantoic membrane of chick embryos adheres and becomes nourished for as long as 10 days. Occasionally regrafts upon a second egg have succeeded and thus prolonged the vitality of the graft to 14 days. In successful experiments the epithelium of the chorio-allantois fuses with that of the graft, the collagen fibers of the corium interlace with those of the membrane after the separation or disappearance of the ectodermal layer, and the blood vessels of the chick anastomose, and unite by intervening pools of extravasated blood, with those of the graft. This vascular communication between the two tissues is largely responsible for the nourishment of the graft by affording a plasmatic circulation. Gradually there is a partial revascularization of the graft by an ingrowth of blood vessels from the chick membrane. Human skin grafts were susceptible to experimental infection by several viruses.
A double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study evaluating the efficacy and safety of naftifine 2% cream in tinea cruris. (2011)

NAFT-2% applied once daily for two weeks (one-half the treatment duration for naftifine 1% cream) is efficacious and safe for the treatment of T. cruris.
The Semantic Web Revisited (2006)

The article included many scenarios in which intelligent agents and bots undertook tasks on behalf of their human or corporate owners. Of course, shopbots and auction bots abound on the Web, but these are essentially handcrafted for particular tasks: they have little ability to interact with heterogeneous data and information types. Because we haven't yet delivered large-scale, agent-based mediation, some commentators argue that the semantic Web has failed to deliver. We argue that agents can only flourish when standards are well established and that the Web standards for expressing shared meaning have progressed steadily over the past five years