gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of hepatic regeneration in rats by synergistic action of insulin and glucagon. (1975)

Rats were subjected to resection of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and spleen, and maintained by c-ntinuous intravenous infusion. Such animals, receiving only electrolytes and glucose, and deprived of a portal blood supply, responded to 68% hepatectomy with a significant rise in hepatic DNA synthesis, which was, however, greatly delayed and diminished compared to normal controls. The activity was restored to normal by infusion of insulin and glucagon (supplemented with glucose and amino acids), but not by either hormone alone; it was not decreased by delaying the start of hormone treatment for 6-7 hr after partial hepatectomy. Infusion of insulin and glucagon into a small series of rats with intact livers did not appreciably elevate DNA synthesis. In normal rats partial hepatectomy is followed by an abrupt fall in portal vein insulin concentration. These findings are all consistent with the suggestion that agents other than insulin and glucagon may serve to initiate hepatic regeneration, but that these two hormones acting synergistically are major regulators of the rate and perhaps also the extent of the regenerative process.
PATJ connects and stabilizes apical and lateral components of tight junctions in human intestinal cells (2005)

The Crumbs complex that also contains the cortical proteins Stardust and DPATJ (a homologue of PATJ), is crucial for the building of epithelial monolayers in Drosophila. Although loss of function of the Crumbs or Stardust genes prevents the stabilization of a belt of adherens junctions at the apico-lateral border of the cells, no phenotype has been described for the Dpatj gene and its role in epithelial morphogenesis and polarity remains unknown. We have produced downregulated PATJ stable lines of Caco2 to clarify its role in epithelial morphogenesis. In PATJ knockdown cells, Pals1 (a Stardust homologue) is no longer associated with tight junctions whereas Crumbs3 (Crb3) is accumulated into a compartment spatially close to the apical membrane and related to early endosomes. Furthermore, occludin and ZO-3, two proteins of tight junctions are mislocalized on the lateral membrane indicating that PATJ plays a novel role in the building of tight junctions by providing a link between their lateral and apical components. Thus, PATJ stabilizes the Crb3 complex and regulates the spatial concentration of several components at the border between the apical and lateral domains.
Lipidomics reveals that adiposomes store ether lipids and mediate phospholipid traffic, (2007)

Lipid droplets are accumulations of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids and associated proteins. Recent proteomic analysis of isolated droplets suggests that they are part of a dynamic organelle system that is involved in membrane traffic as well as packaging and distributing lipids in the cell. To gain a better insight into the function of droplets, we used a combination of mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy to characterize the lipid composition of this compartment. In addition to cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols with mixed fatty acid composition, we found that approximately 10-20% of the neutral lipids were the ether lipid monoalk(en)yl diacylglycerol. Although lipid droplets contain only 1-2% phospholipids by weight, >160 molecular species were identified and quantified. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) was the most abundant class, followed by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol, and ether-linked phosphatidylcholine (ePC). Relative to total membrane, droplet phospholipids were enriched in lysoPE, lysoPC, and PC but deficient in sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid. These results suggest that droplets play a central role in ether lipid metabolism and intracellular lipid traffic.
Vector Fidelity in Ocean Bottom Seismic Systems (2002)

Abstract Through accurate large-scale test experiments, direct comparisons of node and cable-based sensor responses have been performed. Though short conceptual cables were used, significant differences in the vector responses of the two types of sensors were shown. The vector fidelity of the nodes is very good, whereas for the cables, it is not. The vector fidelity of the nodes is also confirmed by data acquired offshore. Regarding studies of anisotropy effects and the low frequency content of PS converted data, the cable effects observed on the first break and PS reflected data have also been observed on commercial systems. Introduction The potential of using converted (PS) waves to image through a gas chimney was demonstrated for the first time in 1994 by Berg et al. [1]. Since then, the importance of converted waves and the need for proper equipment to record such shear waves, have been proven time and again. Nowadays, several largescale offshore 4C-3D surveys are performed every year. Both the oil and the service companies agree that in many cases, high quality 4C-3D data are necessary to meet the mapping objectives predicted by using the 4C methods. As converted waves cannot be transmitted through water, the sensors have to be put on the seafloor. This poses several new challenges. Obviously, it is not as simple as for surface surveys, where the survey vessels simply tow long streamers. To record shear wave data correctly, the sensors will have to be well coupled to the seabed. Furthermore, the irregularities of the seafloor may make it impossible to put sensors on a straight line. Some locations may have a fragile seabed (for instance coral reefs) where special care must be taken when placing the sensors. Finally, as converted waves convey a direction of movement, the sensors must record this information correctly. Accurate measurement of this direction of movement is what we call vector fidelity. A set of test results will show weaknesses and benefits of a couple of common sensor strategies regarding their vector fidelity. Basically, one might divide the sensors into those that are cable-based and those that are node-based. The vector fidelity will be tested, and its significance will be evaluated. Theory and Definitions A couple of definitions and ways to test for vector fidelity are given. Vector fidelity. Mjaaland et al. [2]: Vector fidelity is defined as that property of multi component seismic receivers wherein a given particle motion impulse applied parallel to one of the components registers only on that component, and wherein the same impulse applied parallel to the other components give the same response, so that the various components can be combined according to the rules of vector algebra. Node. A node is the underwater equivalent of a land geophone. In addition, a node usually consists of a hydrophone as well. The node has a skirt to achieve good coupling, and the connecting wires should be so light and flexible that they don't have any significant influence on the response of the sensors.
Day–Night Pattern of Sudden Death in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2005)

People with obstructive sleep apnea have a peak in sudden death from cardiac causes during the sleeping hours, which contrasts strikingly with the nadir of sudden death from cardiac causes during this period in people without obstructive sleep apnea and in the general population.
Expression of CCL20 and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, but Not Flt3-L, from Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Enhances Antiviral Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses (2006)

While modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is currently in clinical development as a safe vaccine against smallpox and heterologous infectious diseases, its immunogenicity is likely limited due to the inability of the virus to replicate productively in mammalian hosts. In light of recent data demonstrating that vaccinia viruses, including MVA, preferentially infect antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that play crucial roles in generating antiviral immunity, we hypothesized that expression of specific cytokines and chemokines that mediate APC recruitment and activation from recombinant MVA (rMVA) vectors would enhance the immunogenicity of these vectors. To test this hypothesis, we generated rMVAs that express murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF), human CCL20/human macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha (hCCL20/hMIP-3alpha), or human fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (hFlt3-L), factors predicted to increase levels of dendritic cells (DCs), to recruit DCs to sites of immunization, or to promote maturation of DCs in vivo, respectively. These rMVAs also coexpress the well-characterized, immunodominant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein (NP) antigen that enabled sensitive and quantitative assessment of antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses following immunization of BALB/c mice. Our results demonstrate that immunization of mice with rMVAs expressing mGM-CSF or hCCL20, but not hFlt3-L, results in two- to fourfold increases of cellular immune responses directed against vector-encoded antigens and 6- to 17-fold enhancements of MVA-specific antibody titers, compared to those responses elicited by nonadjuvanted rMVA. Of note, cytokine augmentation of cellular immune responses occurs when rMVAs are given as primary immunizations but not when they are used as booster immunizations, suggesting that these APC-modulating proteins, when used as poxvirus-encoded adjuvants, are more effective at stimulating naïve T-cell responses than in promoting recall of preexisting memory T-cell responses. Our results demonstrate that a strategy to express specific genetic adjuvants from rMVA vectors can be successfully applied to enhance the immunogenicity of MVA-based vaccines.
Effects of Membrane Molecular Weight Cutoff on Performance of a Novel Bioartificial Liver (2011)

Immunoisolation using semipermeable membranes has been incorporated into bioartificial liver (BAL) devices to separate cellular components of the recipient's immune system from the cells within the BAL device. This study was designed to explore the influence of membrane molecular weight cutoff on performance of the multilayer radial-flow BAL using porcine hepatocytes cocultured with mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, healthy beagles underwent 6-h treatment with a BAL containing membrane with 200 kDa retention rating or 1200 kDa retention rating. Functional markers of BAL performance were monitored before and after treatment, as well as cytotoxic immune response to BAL therapy. The results showed that hepatocyte performance levels such as albumin secretion, urea synthesis, and viability were all significantly higher in 200 kDa retention rating group compared with the 1200 kDa retention rating group after treatment (P < 0.05). Significant levels of canine proteins were detected in BAL medium from the 1200 kDa retention rating group. Fluorescence microscopy further verified that heavy deposition of canine IgG, IgM, and complement (C3) on coculture cells was obtained after BAL treatment in the 1200 kDa retention rating group. However, only trace deposits of canine immunoproteins were observed on coculture cells obtained from BAL in the 200 kDa retention rating group. Small membrane molecular weight cutoff of the BAL could reduce the transfer of xenoreactive antibodies into the BAL medium and improve the performance of the BAL.
Telecommunications may offer poor a 'road' to healthcare. (1992)

A report by the Environmental Science and Policy Institute paints a picture of a healthcare telecommunications "super highway" system with on and off ramps leading directly to the most disaffected in our society. It offers an inviting tour into the possibilities of tomorrow, but is it realistic?
Low Temperature Activation of Supported Metathesis Catalysts by Organosilicon Reducing Agents (2016)

Alkene metathesis is a widely and increasingly used reaction in academia and industry because of its efficiency in terms of atom economy and its wide applicability. This reaction is notably responsible for the production of several million tons of propene annually. Such industrial processes rely on inexpensive silica-supported tungsten oxide catalysts, which operate at high temperatures (>350 °C), in contrast with the mild room temperature reaction conditions typically used with the corresponding molecular alkene metathesis homogeneous catalysts. This large difference in the temperature requirements is generally thought to arise from the difficulty in generating active sites (carbenes or metallacyclobutanes) in the classical metal oxide catalysts and prevents broader applicability, notably with functionalized substrates. We report here a low temperature activation process of well-defined metal oxo surface species using organosilicon reductants, which generate a large amount of active species at only 70 °C (0.6 active sites/W). This high activity at low temperature broadens the scope of these catalysts to functionalized substrates. This activation process can also be applied to classical industrial catalysts. We provide evidence for the formation of a metallacyclopentane intermediate and propose how the active species are formed.
Toward Efficient Reduction of CO2 to CO for Renewable Fuels (2010)

Three major challenges — grid stability, domestic oil limitations, and climate change — could all be addressed simultaneously by using off-peak electrical energy to recycle CO2 into liquid fuels (such as gasoline, jet fuel, and diesel). Simulations have shown that recent innovations should make it practical to reduce CO2 to CO at over 66% of theoretical efficiency limits. When combined with other process advances, it would then be possible to synthesize most hydrocarbons and alcohols from point-source CO2 and clean off-peak grid energy (wind or nuclear) at system efficiencies in the range of 51–61%. Energy storage density in renewable, carbon-neutral kerosene is 44 MJ/kg, compared to ∼0.4 MJ/kg for Li-ion batteries. This process begins by electrolyzing water using clean energy to get the hydrogen required by the Reverse Water Gas Shift (RWGS) reactor and by a novel Renewable Fischer Tropsch Synthesis (RFTS) process. Off-peak grid energy averaged only $13/MWhr in the Minnesota hub in 2009. At such prices, the synthesized liquid fuels (“WindFuels”) should compete even when petroleum is only $50/bbl. Considerable effort over the past decade has been put into exploring high-temperature (HT) paths toward the production of renewable syngas (H2 + CO) that could lead to sustainable synthesis of liquid fuels; but competitive fuel production from these HT thermo-chemical routes still appears to be decades away. An alternative path — the RWGS reaction — utilizes much less aggressive conditions and should be much more practical. With low-cost hydrogen becoming available from off-peak wind and nuclear, efficient reduction of CO2 to CO becomes viable at moderate temperatures (750–1000 K) via the RWGS reaction. Challenges arise because of equilibrium limits imposed by the reaction thermodynamics below 800 K and because of competing methanation and coking reactions above 800 K to 1000 K, depending on the catalysts. Several promising sets of conditions and catalysts are being evaluated. To drive the reaction to the right, a multi-stage process is required with efficient separation processes. This in turn depends on advances in cost-effective gas-to-gas recuperators for relatively low pressures to limit parasitic methanation reactions. Another challenge may be passivation of the recuperator surfaces to minimize hydrogenation of the CO during the heat recovery. Preliminary simulations indicate reduction of CO2 to CO with about 2.2 MJ/kg-CO should be practical at commercial scale.
The Sigma Receptor: Evolution of the Concept in Neuropsychopharmacology (2005)

Although originally proposed as a subtype of opioid receptors, the sigma receptor is now confirmed to be a non-opioid receptor that binds diverse classes of psychotropic drugs. Sigma receptors are subdivided into two subtypes, sigma-1 and sigma-2. The sigma-1 receptor is a 25-kDa protein possessing one putative transmembrane domain and an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. Sigma-1 receptors are highly expressed in deeper laminae of the cortex, olfactory bulb, nuclei of mesencephalon, hypothalamus, and Purkinje cells in the brain. Sigma-1 receptors are predominantly localized at the endoplasmic reticulum of both neurons and oligodendrocytes. From behavioral studies, sigma-1 receptors were shown to be involved in higher-ordered brain functions including memory and drug dependence. The actions mediated by sigma-1 receptors at the cellular level can be considered either as acute or chronic. The acute actions include the modulation of ion channels (i.e., K+ channel, NMDA receptors, IP3 receptors) and the sigma-1 receptor translocation. Chronic actions of sigma-1 receptors are basically considered to be the result of an up- or down regulation of the sigma-1 receptor itself. For example, the upregulation of sigma-1 receptors per se, even without exogenous ligands, promotes cellular differentiation and reconstitution of lipid microdomains (lipid rafts) in cultured cells. These findings together suggest that sigma-1 receptors might possess a constitutive biological activity, and that sigma-1 receptor ligands might merely work as modulators of the innate activity of this protein. Recent in vitro and in vitro studies strongly point to the possibility that sigma-1 receptors participate in membrane remodeling and cellular differentiation in the nervous system.
An Electrochemical Cell for Operando Study of Lithium Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation (2010)

International audience
Polyglycine expansions in eRF3/GSPT1 are associated with gastric cancer susceptibility (2005)

Gastric cancer remains a major cause of death in the developed countries, and a large percentage is still genetically unexplained. Because of their major role in cell survival, mutations in translation factors and altered expression of these genes have been associated with cancer development. Apart from its role in translation termination, the eukaryotic translation release factor 3 (eRF3) is involved in several critical cellular processes, such as cell cycle regulation, cytoskeleton organization and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate eRF3/GSPT1 gene as a potential genetic susceptibility associated locus for gastric cancer, analysing a stable GGC expansion in exon 1 encoding a polyglycine tract in the N-terminal domain of the protein. DNA was obtained from 139 patients with gastric cancer and from 100 individuals of a healthy control population. The GGC expansion was amplified by PCR and the number of repeats determined by genotyping in an automatic sequencer. There are five known alleles encoding from 8 to 12 glycines. The most common allele encodes 10 glycines. The 12-Gly allele was detected exclusively in the cancer patients (allelic frequency = 5%). Regardless of the genotype, patients with the 12-Gly allele had a 20-fold increased risk for gastric cancer. We also detected a single-base alteration in the gene (G274T) although no correlation with cancer development has been found. Thus, our results show that the GGC expansion may have a potential role in regulating eRF3/GSPT1 expression and/or changing the protein function that can lead to gastric cancer development.
The augmentation of tumor‐specific immunity by virus help. I. Demonstration of vaccinia virus‐reactive helper T cell activity involved in enhanced induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte and antibody responses (1984)

C3H/He mice were immunized to vaccinia virus by inoculating i.p. viable virus. Their spleen cells (SC) were tested for vaccinia virus-reactive helper T cell activity capable of augmenting (a) anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response generated from unprimed C3H/He SC (responding cells) or (b) anti-TNP antibody response generated from TNP-primed C3H/He SC (responding cells) by the stimulation with syngeneic SC infected with vaccinia virus and subsequently modified with TNP (virus-self-TNP). The results demonstrate that cultures of responding cells plus 850 rds X-irradiated vaccinia virus-primed SC failed to enhance anti-TNP CTL or plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses when in vitro stimulation was provided by either virus-self or TNP-self alone. In contrast, these cultures resulted in appreciable augmentation of CTL and PFC responses when stimulated by virus-self-TNP. Such a helper activity provided by vaccinia virus-primed SC was revealed to be T cell mediated and antigen specific. These results are discussed in the context of (a) nature of virus helper antigens, (b) mechanism of help and (c) potential of virus help in augmenting CTL and antibody responses to tumor antigens.
Algorithms in the Diagnosis and Management of Exotic Diseases. XXIV. Leishmaniases (1977)

Journal Article Algorithms in the Diagnosis and Management of Exotic Diseases. XXIV. Leishmaniases Get access A. A. F. Mahmoud, A. A. F. Mahmoud Division ofGeographic Medicine of the Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. S. Warren K. S. Warren Division ofGeographic Medicine of the Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 136, Issue 1, July 1977, Pages 160–163, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/136.1.160 Published: 01 July 1977
Novel circuit techniques for zero-power 25-ns CMOS erasable programmable logic devices (EPLDs) (1986)

A family of CMOS erasable programmable logic devices (EPLDs) is described with emphasis on the state-of-the-art chip architecture and circuit design techniques. The main features of this family of EPLDs include zero standby power, high-speed operation, flip-flop reconfigurability, small chip size, and high reliability. A novel input-transition-detection circuit allows the chip to consume no power during standby and yet wakes the chip up with minimum delay. Basic architectural differences between EPLDs and EPROM are discussed that require extra design considerations to achieve an optimal speed path through the array. A direct-drive technique is used in the transistor-transistor logic buffer and flip-flop circuits to improve speed, layout area, and chip organization.
CSPG4 Protein as a New Target for the Antibody-Based Immunotherapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2010)

This study identified CSPG4 as a new target for TNBC. The antitumor activity of CSPG4-specific mAb was mediated by multiple mechanisms, including the inhibition of signaling pathways crucial for TNBC cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis.
C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Inhibits Proliferation and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Secretion in Cultured Human Mesangial Cells (2000)

CNP suppresses GMC proliferation and MCP-1 and type IV collagen secretion by GMCs. It may have a therapeutic potential against human proliferative glomerular diseases, especially those with the involvement of monocytes.