gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homeostasis of Peripheral CD4+ T Cells: IL-2Rα and IL-2 Shape a Population of Regulatory Cells That Controls CD4+ T Cell Numbers (2002)

We show that the lymphoid hyperplasia observed in IL-2Ralpha- and IL-2-deficient mice is due to the lack of a population of regulatory cells essential for CD4 T cell homeostasis. In chimeras reconstituted with bone marrow cells from IL-2Ralpha-deficient donors, restitution of a population of CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells prevents the chaotic accumulation of lymphoid cells, and rescues the mice from autoimmune disease and death. The reintroduction of IL-2-producing cells in IL-2-deficient chimeras establishes a population of CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells, and restores the peripheral lymphoid compartments to normal. The CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells regulated selectively the number of naive CD4(+) T cells transferred into T cell-deficient hosts. The CD25(+)CD4(+)/naive CD4 T cell ratio and the sequence of cell transfer determines the homeostatic plateau of CD4(+) T cells. Overall, our findings demonstrate that IL-2Ralpha is an absolute requirement for the development of the regulatory CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells that control peripheral CD4 T cell homeostasis, while IL-2 is required for establishing a sizeable population of these cells in the peripheral pools.
Marked Protection by Moderate Hypothermia after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury (1991)

These experiments examined the effects of moderate hypothermia on mortality and neurological deficits observed after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the rat. Brain temperature was measured continuously in all experiments by intraparenchymal probes. Brain cooling was induced by partial immersion (skin protected by a plastic barrier) in a water bath (0 degrees C) under general anesthesia (1.5% halothane/70% nitrous oxide/30% oxygen). In experiment I, we examined the effects of moderate hypothermia induced prior to injury on mortality following fluid percussion TBI. Rats were cooled to 36 degrees C (n = 16), 33 degrees C (n = 17), or 30 degrees C (n = 11) prior to injury and maintained at their target temperature for 1 h after injury. There was a significant (p less than 0.04) reduction in mortality by a brain temperature of 30 degrees C. The mortality rate at 36 degrees C was 37.5%, at 33 degrees C was 41%, and at 30 degrees C was 9.1%. In experiment II, we examined the effects of moderate hypothermia or hyperthermia initiated after TBI on long-term behavioral deficits. Rats were cooled to 36 degrees C (n = 10), 33 degrees C (n = 10), or 30 degrees C (n = 10) or warmed to 38 degrees C (n = 10) or 40 degrees C (n = 12) starting at 5 min after injury and maintained at their target temperatures for 1 h. Hypothermia-treated rats had significantly less beam-walking, beam-balance, and body weight loss deficits compared to normothermic (38 degrees C) rats. The greatest protection was observed in the 30 degrees C hypothermia group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Controlled Comparison of Electrophysiological Sleep in Families of Probands With Unipolar Depression (1998)

Short REM latency and slow wave sleep deficits are familial. Short REM latency is associated with increased risk of major depression beyond the familial risk associated with a depressed proband. Polysomnographic abnormalities also occurred in unaffected relatives. Although the data can be considered only suggestive, these findings indicate that polysomnographic abnormalities may precede the clinical expression of depression and may be useful in identifying those at highest risk for the illness.
Molecular association between major histocompatibility complex class I antigens and insulin receptors in mouse liver membranes. (1985)

Molecular association between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and cellular proteins are thought to be involved in various immunological and nonimmunological functions of MHC antigens, including hormone signaling. The existence of physical interactions between insulin receptors and MHC class I antigens was investigated in liver plasma membranes from congenic H-2k mice. Insulin receptors were specifically labeled with a 125I-labeled photoreactive insulin analogue, and cellular proteins were solubilized and incubated with various monoclonal antibodies. Immunoprecipitates were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. Antibodies reacting with distinct epitopes on H-2k class I antigens were all able to precipitate up to 25% of the labeled insulin receptors in H-2k mouse liver membranes, whereas no insulin receptors were precipitated in H-2b mouse liver membranes. Sequential immunoprecipitations showed that insulin receptors and H-2 antigens were coprecipitated and that no cross-reactivity occurred. The specificity of the interaction between insulin receptors and H-2 antigens was demonstrated after double labeling of membrane proteins by photoreactive insulin and lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination. These results thus show that, in mouse liver membranes, insulin receptors are physically associated to class I antigens of the MHC.
Hematopoietic Engraftment of Human Embryonic Stem Cell‐Derived Cells Is Regulated by Recipient Innate Immunity (2006)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide an important means to characterize early stages of hematopoietic development. However, the in vivo potential of hESC-derived hematopoietic cells has not been well defined. We demonstrate that hESC-derived cells are capable of long-term hematopoietic engraftment when transplanted into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. Human CD45(+) and CD34(+) cells are identified in the mouse bone marrow (BM) more than 3 months after injection of hESCs that were allowed to differentiate on S17 stromal cells for 7-24 days. Secondary engraftment studies further confirm long-term repopulating cells derived from hESCs. We also evaluated two mechanisms that may inhibit engraftment: host immunity and requirement for homing to BM. Treatment with anti-ASGM1 antiserum that primarily acts by depletion of natural killer cells in transplanted mice leads to improved engraftment, likely due to low levels of HLA class I expressed on hESCs and CD34(+) cells derived from hESCs. Intra-BM injection also provided stable engraftment, with hematopoietic cells identified in both the injected and contra-lateral femur. Importantly, no teratomas are evident in animals injected with differentiated hESCs. These results demonstrate that SCID-repopulating cells, a close surrogate for hematopoietic stem cells, can be derived from hESCs. Moreover, both adaptive and innate immune effector cells may be barriers to engraftment of these cells.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 6/2008 (2008)

Front Cover: In this work we prepared multi‐sensitive aqueous microgel particles with incorporated conducting PEDOT nanorods, as can be seen on the cover picture. The obtained microgels can be stimulated by changing the environment temperature as well as by the repulsion/attraction forces within the polymer network due to the reversible oxidation/reduction of the conjugated polymer. Microgels with unique properties can be operated in colloidal systems or used as building blocks for the preparation of nanostructured films. Further details can be found in the article by J. Hain, F. Eckert, A. Pich * , and H.‐J. Adler on page 472.
Clinical and Molecular Responses in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Romidepsin (2008)

Although exhibiting minimal clinical efficacy at this dose and schedule, DP mediates biological effects that may warrant further evaluation of this histone deacetylase inhibitor in combination with novel-targeted agents in lung cancer patients.
Expression of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat/simian virus 40 early region fusion gene in transgenic mice (1991)

Three lines of transgenic mice carrying the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat fused to the simian virus 40 early region (HIV-1 Tag) were constructed. Expression of the transgenes was reproducibly observed in the lymphoid tissue and skin of all three transgenic lines studied. Interestingly, cell types other than T cells, i.e., B cells and thymic stromal cells, contributed most of the expression detectable in the lymphoid organs. Each transgenic line also displayed a different but consistent pattern of transgene expression in nonlymphoid organs. These individual patterns probably reflect the effects of particular chromosomal integration sites on transcriptional activity of the HIV-1 promoter.
MADS+: discovery of differential splicing events from Affymetrix exon junction array data (2009)

MADS+ scripts, documentations and annotation files are available at http://www.medicine.uiowa.edu/Labs/Xing/MADSplus/.
Effect of Hydrophilic- and Hydrophobic-Chain Lengths on the Phase Behavior of A−B-type Silicone Surfactants in Water (2001)

The phase behavior of a long hydrophobic chain A−B-type silicone surfactant, Me3SiO−(Me2SiO)m-2−Me2SiCH2CH2CH2−O−(CH2CH2O)nH (Sim C3EOn), in water was investigated by phase study and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The types of liquid crystals or self-organized structures are highly dependent on both EO-chain (n) and poly(dimethylsiloxane)-chain (m) lengths or the volume ratio of the EO chain to the total surfactant, nVEO/VS, which is related to the classical Griffin's HLB value. Reverse discontinuous cubic phase (I2) for Si14C3EO7.8 and Si25C3EO7.8,12.2,15.8, reverse hexagonal phase (H2) for Si14C3EO12, lamellar (Lα) phase for Si14C3EO15.8 and Si25C3EO51.6, and hexagonal (H1) and discontinuous cubic (I1) phases for Si5.8C3EO36.6,51.6 are formed. Hence, both hydrophobic and hydrophilic chains affect the surfactant layer curvature, but in an opposite way. On the other hand, the effective cross-sectional area per surfactant at the hydrophobic surface of self-organized structures, aS, increases with increasing m (or n) at constant n (or m). aS is related to the amphiphilicity of surfactant (surfactant size). Since the surfactant layer curvature changes from positive to negative with increasing m at constant n, the leff/lmax decreases with m, where leff is the effective hydrophobic-chain length and lmax is the length of the chain in its fully extended form. Namely, the entropy loss of a long hydrophobic chain would be largely increased when it is stretched, and thus, long hydrophobic chain tends to be in a shrunk-bulky state. This causes the expansion of aS and the change in the surfactant layer curvature from positive to negative. In a similar mechanism, aS increases with increasing the EO-chain length, n, but the surfactant layer curvature changes from negative to positive.
A slowdown in health care premium increases is occurring. (2004)

Contributing to competition among insurers is the decline in the number of jobs in manufacturing and other fields that traditionally offered generous employer health plans. New jobs tend to be in small businesses and service industries that are likely to offer more austere benefits, if any. This scenario suggests that insurers are more likely to be competing for customers and competing on the basis of price.
Abstract IA19: Curative potential of T-cell immunotherapy for cancer (2015)

Abstract Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy for patients with metastatic melanoma using autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) mediated a 56% objective response rate including 20% of patients with durable complete regression ongoing from 6.7 to 10.3 years. Administration of autologous TIL to 9 patients with HPV induced metastatic cervical cancer mediated objective responses in 3 patients including 2 complete regressions that are ongoing beyond a year. The ideal targets for ACT are the unique mutations that occur in cancers. Using deep exomic sequencing a technique has been developed to identify any cancer mutation, presented on any of the patient's MHC molecules, that gives rise to reactive T cells. We recently reported the successful application of this approach to treat a patient with a metastatic bile duct cancer. Since virtually all cancers contain mutations this approach is now being vigorously studied to expand the current reach of cancer immunotherapy to common epithelial cancers. Genes encoding conventional alpha-beta T cell receptors (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) can be efficiently transduced into autologous lymphocytes though choosing suitable targets expressed on the cancer is critical to avoid toxicities to essential normal tissues. ACT using CARs to target the CD19 molecule present on normal B cells as well as on the great majority of B cell lymphomas and leukemias was first reported to successfully treat a patient with refractory lymphoma in 2010 in a patient who remains progression-free at five years. Durable complete and partial responses have been seen in patients with chemotherapy refractory indolent and aggressive large B cell lymphomas. Of 9 heavily pretreated patients with large cell lymphomas receiving ACT, 4 patients have had complete regressions, 3 ongoing from 9 to 22 months and 2 additional patients have had partial responses. Cancer-testes antigens such as NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A3 are expressed during fetal development and in 10 to 80% of cancers from multiple tissues but are often not expressed in adult normal tissues. ACT targeting NY-ESO-1 resulted in a 67% response rate in 15 treated patients with refractory synovial cell sarcoma and a 53% response rate in 19 patients with melanoma including durable complete regressions. Shared mutations that are unique to an individual cancer type also represent excellent targets for cell transfer immunotherapy and we are conducting a trial using a CAR targeting the EGFRvIII mutation expressed in about 40% of patients with high grade glioblastoma Citation Format: Steven A. Rosenberg. Curative potential of T-cell immunotherapy for cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA19.
The role of erythropoietin in the production of principal erythrocyte proteins other than hemoglobin during terminal erythroid differentiation (1986)

Erythropoietin (EP) controls the terminal phase of differentiation in which proerythroblasts and their precursors, the colony forming units-erythroid (CFU-e), develop into erythrocytes. Biochemical studies of this hormone-directed terminal differentiation have been hindered by the lack of a homogeneous population of erythroid cells at the developmental stages of CFU-e and proerythroblasts that will synchronously differentiate in response to EP. Such a population of cells can be prepared from the spleens of mice with the acute erythroblastosis resulting from infection with anemia-inducing Friend virus (FVA). Using these FVA-infected erythroid cells, which were induced to differentiate with EP, four proteins other than hemoglobin that have key functions in mature erythrocytes were monitored during the 48-hour period of terminal differentiation. Synthesis of spectrin and membrane band 3 proteins were determined by immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; accumulation of the cytoskeletal protein band 4.1 was monitored by immunoblotting; carbonic anhydrase activity was measured electrometrically. Band 3 synthesis and band 4.1 accumulation could be detected only after exposure of the cells to EP. Spectrin synthesis was ongoing prior to culture with EP, but it did increase after exposure to the hormone. Carbonic anhydrase-specific activity changed very little throughout the terminal differentiation process. These results reveal at least three patterns of production of principal erythrocyte proteins during EP-mediated terminal differentiation of FVA-infected erythroid cells. Depending on the specific protein examined, de novo synthesis can be induced by EP, an ongoing production can be enhanced by EP, or the production of a protein can be completed at a developmental stage prior to EP-mediated differentiation in these cells.
Maternal Plasma DNA Sequencing Reveals the Genome-Wide Genetic and Mutational Profile of the Fetus (2010)

Cell-free fetal DNA is present in the plasma of pregnant women. It consists of short DNA fragments among primarily maternally derived DNA fragments. We sequenced a maternal plasma DNA sample at up to 65-fold genomic coverage. We showed that the entire fetal and maternal genomes were represented in maternal plasma at a constant relative proportion. Plasma DNA molecules showed a predictable fragmentation pattern reminiscent of nuclease-cleaved nucleosomes, with the fetal DNA showing a reduction in a 166-base pair (bp) peak relative to a 143-bp peak, when compared with maternal DNA. We constructed a genome-wide genetic map and determined the mutational status of the fetus from the maternal plasma DNA sequences and from information about the paternal genotype and maternal haplotype. Our study suggests the feasibility of using genome-wide scanning to diagnose fetal genetic disorders prenatally in a noninvasive way.
Treatment of human tumor cells with ADP or ATP yields arrest of growth in the S phase of the cell cycle (1983)

Abstract Treatment of a variety of cultured human tumor cells with low levels (40–80 μM) of adenosine 5′‐dephosphate (ADP) or adenosine 5′ ‐triphosphate (ATP) has produced arrest of these cells in the S phase of their cycle followed by cellular death. ADP and ATP are demonstrated to be incorporated into the cellular acid‐soluble nucleotide pools, presumably by permeation through the plasma membrane of these cells. Since AMP, adenosine, 3′,5′ cycle AMP, or a variety of diadenosine polyhosphates do not produce similar cytostatic effects or similar alterations of the cellular acid‐soluble nucleotide pools, we suggest that the effects of ADP and ATP are not due to their prior breakdown or modification. Cultured animal cells have been widely acknowledged not to incroporte acid‐soluble adenine nucleotides although incorporation of exogenous intact nucleoside monophosphate into cellular pools has been demonstrated in a few cases. A 48‐hour treatment of logarithmically growing human tumor cells with 40mUM of ADP or ATP produced substantial arrest of cell populations in the S phase of their cycle and a dramatic reduction in total cellular uridine 5′ ‐triphosphate (UTP) pools. AMP, adenosine, 3′,5′ cyclic AMP, Ap 3 A, Ap 4 A or Ap 5 A produced small and dissimilar effects. The experiments reported here suggest that the plasma membranes of several lines of human tumor cells are premeable to low levels of intact ADP and ATP. The suggestion of en bloc incorporation of low ADP and ATP levels into human tumor cells is supported by the almost identical effects of ADP and ATP on total cellular acid‐soluble nucleotide pools and cellular growth. The rapid conversion of intracellular ADP pools into ATP in tumor cells has been reported.
Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Behavior and Selective Etching of III–V Semiconductors in  H 2 O 2 as Redox System (1984)

Basic electrochemical processes at , , and electrodes were studied in aqueous solutions at several pH values. An analytical automatic system, which directly plots gallium concentration vs. potential, allows the collection of information on corrosion processes. The approach of making continuous analysis of gallium ions, while dissolving the semiconductor at a preselected potential, was used in conjunction with impedance and ellipsometric measurements in order to study interfacial phenomena. On the basis of these results, a mechanism for chemical corrosion (etching) which involves electrons captured from semiconductor surface states by was proposed. Anodic polarization can also induce corrosion by hole generation in the valence band or by avalanche breakdown. As expected, pH plays a fundamental role in the corrosion process through the solubility shift of the oxide layer. Further consideration is given to the effect of illumination, with special emphasis on p‐type semiconductors, for which it can lead to an inhibition effect on corrosion via a current doubling mechanism. Finally, application of selective etching is described for , , and hetero structures.
DGK-α: A Checkpoint in Cancer-Mediated Immuno-Inhibition and Target for Immunotherapy (2017)

Immunotherapy is moving to the forefront of cancer treatments owing to impressive durable responses achieved with checkpoint blockade antibodies and adoptive T-cell therapy. Still, improvements are necessary since, overall, only a small percentage of patients benefit from current therapies. Here, I summarize evidence that DGK-α may represent an immunological checkpoint suppressing the activity of cytotoxic immunocytes in the tumor microenvironment. DGK-inhibitors can restore the antitumor function of tumor-suppressed adaptive and innate cytotoxic immunocytes. The activity of DGK-inhibitors lays downstream of current checkpoint blockade antibodies. Thus, synergistic effects are expected from combination strategies. Moreover, DGK-inhibitors may permit a double-strike attack on tumor cells as DGK-inhibition may not only re-instate immunological tumor attack but also may harm tumor cells directly by interfering with oncogenic survival pathways. Together, DGK-inhibitors have very promising characteristics and may be beneficially included into the armamentarium of cancer immunotherapeutics.
Development of an earphone-like pulsimeter and walking application (2008)

The purpose describes a novel device to measure heartbeat pulse during walking, as well as an application which informs the waves of exercise intensity while walking. The device is noninvasive, different from pulsimeter of watch type or type of attaching electrode to chest. It is a novel earphone type, because it has the functions not only to measure heartbeat pulse but also to generate sound tempo of music. It enables us to develop variety of applications. As an application, we develop a system which changes the rhythm speed of music depending on the heart rate speed, as well as the walking exercise intensity. The application leads walkers to be motivated to keep walking. The experiment device and the application give the results that walkers could control intensity by handling the application. This result is effective to keep constant exercise.
Towards chemosensing phosphorescent conjugated polymers: cyclometalated platinum(ii) poly(phenylene)s (2005)

The synthesis and optical properties of several phosphorescent conjugated poly(phenylene)s containing cyclometalated square-planar platinum (II) complexes are reported. These electronic polymers were synthesized via Suzuki cross-coupling of a dibromophenylpyridine-ligated Pt(II) complex with a fluorene diboronic ester. Their optical properties are characterized by relatively strong orange room-temperature phosphorescence with well-resolved vibronic structure in both frozen 2-methyltetrahydrofuran glass and room-temperature fluid solution. Time-resolved phosphorescence spectroscopy has shown that the polymers have excited state lifetimes of approximately 14 μs. These optical properties of the oligomers and polymers are contrasted with those of small model complexes, the optical properties of which have a strong dependence on the identity of the β-diketonate ligand used. The potential utility of phosphorescent conjugated polymers is illustrated by examination of the diffusive quenching due to oxygen as a function of molecular structure.