gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of Amphetamine or Methamphetamine Psychosis in Japan: Relation of Methamphetamine Psychosis to Schizophrenia (2000)

There exist clinical characteristics of methamphetamine (MAP) psychosis in the Japanese population. MAP psychosis involves paranoid-hallucinatory states indistinguishable from paranoid schizophrenia, with residual volitional disturbances (e.g., loss of spontaneity and idleness). Paranoid-hallucinatory states persist after the pharmacological effects of MAP have worn off and readily reappear upon a reinjection of MAP. Individuals with a history of MAP psychosis further undergo spontaneous recurrence of their paranoid-hallucinatory states in response to stress. The development of MAP psychosis might therefore be related to persisting brain damage or changes in brain metabolism induced by repeated MAP use, and thus studies of the clinical course and neurological basis of MAP psychosis could provide insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Accordingly, psychiatrists have studied the clinical characteristics of MAP psychosis and examined the neurobiological basis of MAP-induced behavioral sensitization, using animals. MAP-induced behavioral sensitization might well be related to dopamine supersensitivity; however, the contribution of presynaptic autoreceptors remains controversial, and other hypotheses should be considered. Recently, the process that triggers spontaneous recurrence of MAP psychosis (flashbacks) and corresponding peripheral neurotransmitter functions has been studied. Stress sensitization associated with noradrenergic hyperactivity, involving increased dopamine release, appears to be crucial in the development of flashbacks. Overall, MAP-induced susceptibility to paranoid-hallucinatory states and to abnormal behavior (e.g., stereotyped behavior) in animals is examined as a model for predicting relapses of paranoid schizophrenia. Further extensive studies on the neurobiological and molecular mechanisms of this susceptibility are required.
Electrocardiographic diagnosis of coronary syndromes in the critical care unit* (2006)

Cardiovascular Division, Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ
Defect isolation and characterization in contact array/chain structures by using voltage contrast effect (2003)

Voltage contrast effect measurement, a conventional technique for isolating open contacts, was applied to high-resistance contact isolation. The detectable lower limit was clarified experimentally and theoretically. The passive voltage contrast effect is a transitional phenomenon, so the analysis conditions must be optimized for the device properties and primary beam irradiation. The detectable lower resistance limit was 1E9 /spl Omega/ at most. The biased voltage contrast effect is steady state, so it could be used to isolate failed via modules whose resistance was 1E4-1E5 /spl Omega/, even when the current of the primary beam was small.
TaSi2 Nanowires:  A Potential Field Emitter and Interconnect (2006)

TaSi2 nanowires have been synthesized on a Si substrate by annealing NiSi2 films at 950 degrees C in an ambient containing Ta vapor. The nanowires could be grown up to 13 microm in length. Field-emission measurements show that the turn-on field is low at 4-4.5 V/microm and the threshold field is down to 6 V/microm with the field enhancement factor as high as 1800. The metallic TaSi2 nanowires exhibit excellent electrical properties with a remarkable high failure current density of 3 x 10(8) A cm(-2). In addition, effects of annealing temperatures and capability of metal silicide mediation layer on the growth of nanowires are addressed. This simple approach promises future applications in nanoelectronics and nano-optoelectronics.
A H-alpha flare on UV Pisces (1997)

H-alpha observations of RS CVn type system UV PSc have been presented in this paper. H-alpha line profile extracted from the CCD images appears to be an absorption feature filled-in by some emission but remarkable variations are clearly displayed. The net H-alpha equivalent width subtracting an average spectrum of the single non-active star zeta Cas A from our spectra was measured. The observations obtained on 22nd of Nov., 1993 indicate the complete development of a H-alpha flare in UV PSc. The flare curve is characterized by a fast rising phase lasting about 1.1 hours and a slow decay phase lasting about 2.4 hours.
Mechanistic investigation of doxycycline photosensitization by picosecond-pulsed and continuous wave laser irradiation of cells in culture. (1990)

In order to elucidate the photophysical mechanisms of cellular phototoxicity sensitized by doxycycline, MGH-U1 human bladder carcinoma cells in vitro were treated with 20.7 microM doxycycline and irradiated with either a pulsed (lambda = 355 nm, pulse duration = 24 ps) or a continuous wave (lambda = 351 nm) laser. Cumulative radiant exposure and irradiance were systematically varied in experiments with both lasers. Phototoxicity was assessed by epifluorescence microscopy of unfixed cells using rhodamine 123 labeling of mitochondria. With the continuous wave source, the cumulative radiant exposure required for induction of phototoxic injury was independent of irradiance. With the 24-ps-pulsed source, a significantly lower cumulative radiant exposure was required to induce the phototoxicity when the peak irradiance was 5.8 x 10(7) or 1.3 x 10(8) watts cm-2 compared with when peak irradiance was either lower (6.0 x 10(6) watts cm-2) or higher (7.6 x 10(8) watts cm-2). The measured fluorescence lifetimes of doxycycline in buffered saline solution were longer than the laser pulse duration of 24 ps. The increased efficiency of photosensitization at the optimal peak irradiance in the ps domain appears to result from sequential multiphoton absorption involving higher excited states of the singlet manifold. At the highest irradiance studied, on the other hand, reduced efficiency of photosensitization is attributed to increased photodegradation of doxycycline from higher excited states by processes such as photoionization. A model consistent with these observations is presented along with calculations, based on simple rate equations, that fit the essentials of the proposed model.
A photochemical reaction of pyridazine N-oxides (1967)

M. Ogata and K. Kanō, Chem. Commun. (London), 1967, 1176 DOI: 10.1039/C19670001176
Neutralization escape mutants define a dominant immunogenic neutralization site on hepatitis A virus (1987)

Hepatitis A virus is an hepatotrophic human picornavirus which demonstrates little antigenic variability. To topologically map immunogenic sites on hepatitis A virus which elicit neutralizing antibodies, eight neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were evaluated in competition immunoassays employing radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies and HM-175 virus. Whereas two antibodies (K3-4C8 and K3-2F2) bound to intimately overlapping epitopes, the epitope bound by a third antibody (B5-B3) was distinctly different as evidenced by a lack of competition between antibodies for binding to the virus. The other five antibodies variably blocked the binding of both K3-4C8-K3-2F2 and B5-B3, suggesting that these epitopes are closely spaced and perhaps part of a single neutralization immunogenic site. Several combinations of monoclonal antibodies blocked the binding of polyclonal human convalescent antibody by greater than 96%, indicating that the neutralization epitopes bound by these antibodies are immunodominant in humans. Spontaneously arising HM-175 mutants were selected for resistance to monoclonal antibody-mediated neutralization. Fourteen clonally isolated mutants demonstrated substantial resistance to multiple monoclonal antibodies, including K3-4C8-K3-2F2 and B5-B3. In addition, 13 mutants demonstrated a 10-fold or greater reduction in neutraliztion mediated by polyclonal human antibody. Neutralization resistance was associated with reduced antibody binding. These results suggest that hepatitis A virus may differ from poliovirus in possessing a single, dominant neutralization immunogenic site and therefore may be a better candidate for synthetic peptide or antiidiotype vaccine development.
A new model for 20‐hydroxyecdysone and dibenzoylhydrazine binding: A homology modeling and docking approach (2000)

The ecdysone receptor (ECR), a nuclear transcription factor controlling insect development, is a novel target for insecticides such as dibenzoylhydrazines with low environmental and toxicological impacts. To understand the high selectivity of such synthetic molecules toward ECR, two homology models of the Chironomus tentans ECR ligand-binding domain (LDB) have been constructed by taking as templates the known LBD crystal structures of the retinoic acid and vitamin D receptors. Docking of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and dibenzoylhydrazines to the receptor suggests a novel superposition of the natural and synthetic molecules; the N-tert-butyl substituent of the dibenzoylhydrazines extends significantly beyond the 20E volume. Our ECR-LBD protein models rationalize how 20E and dibenzoylhydrazines interact with the ligand-binding pocket. The homology model complexes provide new insights that can be exploited in the rational design of new environmentally safe insecticides.
Sequence determination and modeling of structural motifs for the smallest monomeric aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. (1991)

Polypeptide chains of 19 previously studied Escherichia coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are as large as 951 amino acids and, depending on the enzyme, have quaternary structures of alpha, alpha 2, alpha 2 beta 2, and alpha 4. These enzymes have been organized into two classes which are defined by sequence motifs that are associated with specific three-dimensional structures. We isolated, cloned, and sequenced the previously uncharacterized gene for E. coli cysteine-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.16) and showed that it encodes a protein of 461 amino acids. Biochemical analysis established that the protein is a monomer, thus establishing this enzyme as the smallest known monomeric synthetase. The sequence shows that cysteine-tRNA synthetase is a class I enzyme that is most closely related to a subgroup that includes the much larger methionine-, isoleucine-, leucine-, and valine-tRNA synthetases, which range in size from 677 to 951 amino acids. The amino-terminal 293 amino acids of the cysteine enzyme can be modeled as a nucleotide-binding fold that is more compact than that of its closest relatives by virtue of truncations of two insertions that split the fold. This smaller nucleotide-binding fold accounts for much of the reduced size of the cysteine enzyme and establishes the limit to which the structure of this domain is contracted in the five members of this subgroup of class I enzymes.
Three-Dimensional Nanostructures as Highly Efficient Generators of Second Harmonic Light (2011)

Plasmonic nanostructures enable the generation of large electromagnetic fields confined to small volumes, potentially providing a route for the development of nanoengineered nonlinear optical media. A metal-capped hemispherical nanoparticle, also known as a nanocup, generates second harmonic light with increasing intensity as the angle between the incident fundamental beam and the nanocup symmetry axis is increased. Nanoparticle orientation also modifies the emission direction of the second harmonic light. With conversion efficiencies similar to those of inorganic SHG crystals, these structures provide a promising approach for the design and fabrication of stable, synthetic second-order nonlinear optical materials tailored for specific wavelengths.
Dehydration Injury in Germinating Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Seeds (1983)

The sensitivity of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Maple Arrow) seeds to dehydration changed during germination. Seeds were tolerant of dehydration to 10% moisture if dried at 6 hours of imbibition, but were susceptible to dehydration injury if dried at 36 hours of imbibition. Dehydration injury appeared as loss of germination, slower growth rates of isolated axes, hypocotyl and root curling, and altered membrane permeability. Increased electrolyte leakage due to dehydration treatment was observed only from isolated axes but not from cotyledons, suggesting that cotyledons are more tolerant of dehydration. The transition from a dehydration-tolerant to a dehydration-susceptible state coincided with radicle elongation. However, the prevention of cell elongation by osmotic treatment in polyethylene glycol (-6 bars) or imbibition in 20 micrograms per milliliter cycloheximide did not prevent the loss of dehydration tolerance suggesting that neither cell elongation nor cytoplasmic protein synthesis was responsible for the change in sensitivity of soybean seeds to dehydration. Furthermore, the rate of dehydration or rate of rehydration did not alter the response to the dehydration stress.
Topical betamethasone and hyaluronidase in the treatment of phimosis in boys: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2011)

Betamethasone Valerate 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.2% in combination with Hyaluronidase had equally higher results than placebo in the treatment of phimosis in boys from three to ten years-old. Patients initially with partial or no response can reach complete response after 60 days of treatment.
Volumetric flow in the umbilical artery: Normative data (2000)

Objective: Provide normative data for the volumetric blood flow (cc/min and cc/min/kg) in the umbilical artery.Methods: Flow was determined from an umbilical artery in 252 normal obstetrical patients from 18–40 weeks' gestation utilizing pulsed Doppler and color flow Doppler with an angle of insonation of 30–60°. Simultaneous velocimetry studies (S/D ratio, resistance and pulsatility indices), fetal biometry, and an anatomic survey were obtained to further define the normal population.Results: There was a steady increase in the flow (cc/min) in the umbilical artery as pregnancy progressed. Flow/kg showed a steady decline as fetal weight increased. Umbilical artery diameter increased until reaching a plateau at 32–34 weeks. Velocimetric results were consistent with known data.Conclusions: Volumetric blood flow in the umbilical artery can be determined with relative ease and normative data from 18–40 weeks is presented for the first time.
Synthesis of block copolymers via redox polymerization (1999)

Polymerization and copolymerization of vinyl monomers such as acrylamide, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, and acrylic acid with a redox system of Ce(IV) and organic reducing agents containing hydroxy groups were studied. The reducing compounds were poly(ethylene glycol)s, halogen-containing polyols, and depolymerization products of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol)s-b-polyacrylonitrile, poly(ethylene glycol)s-b-poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate), poly(ethylene glycol)s-b-polyacrylamide, poly(ethylene glycol)s-b-poly(acrylamide-co-vinyl acetate), poly(1-chloromethyl ethylene glycol)-bpoly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate), and bis[poly(ethylene glycol terephthalate)]-b-poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinyl acetate) were produced. The yield of acrylamide polymerization and the molecular weight of the copolymer increased considerably if about 4% vinyl acetate was added into the acrylamide monomer. However, the molecular weight of the copolymer was decreased when 4% vinyl acetate was added into the acrylonitrile monomer. Physical properties such as solubility, water absorption, resistance to UV light, and viscosities of the copolymers were studied and their possible uses are discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1385–1395, 1999
<title>Determination of 3D vessel motion from biplane cardiac sequences</title> (1999)

We have developed methods for determining 3D vessel centerlines from biplane image sequences. For dynamic quantities, e.g., vessel motion or flow, the correspondence between points along calculated centerlines must be established. We have developed and compared two techniques for determination of correspondence and of vessel motion during the heart cycle. Clinical biplane image sequences of coronary vascular trees were acquired. After manual indication of vessel points in each image, vessels were tracked, bifurcation points were calculated, and vascular hierarchy was established automatically. The imaging geometry and the 3D vessel centerlines were calculated for each pair of biplane images from the image data alone. The motion vectors for all centerline points were calculated using corresponding points determined by two methods, either as points of nearest approach of the two centerlines or as having the same cumulative arclength from the vessel origin. Corresponding points calculated using the two methods agreed to within 0.3 cm on average. Calculated motion of vessels appeared to agree with motion visible in the images. Relative 3D positions and motion vectors can be calculated reliably with minimal user interaction.
Lapatinib/Gemcitabine and Lapatinib/Gemcitabine/Oxaliplatin (2008)

Lapatinib, 1500 mg/d, can be administered with weekly gemcitabine. The maximum tolerated dose of lapatinib is 1000 mg/d with GEMOX. A phase II study of lapatinib and gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer will be initiated.
Isolation and characterization of bovine factor VII (1975)

Factor VII (proconvertin) has been purified approximately 5 x 10(5)-fold from bovine plasma with an overall yield of 30%. The isolation procedure involves barium sulfate adsorption and elution, DEAE-Sephadex batchwise adsorption and elution, benzamidine-agarose column chromatography, heparin-agarose column chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The final product was homogeneous when examined by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. A minimal molecular weight of 45,500 was determined by sedimentation equilibrium. The molecular weight estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis was 54,000. Factor VII is composed of a single polypeptide chain possessing an amino-terminal sequence of Ala-Asn-Gly-Phe-Leu-. The amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of factor VII are also reported.
The Bayou Architecture: Support for Data Sharing Among Mobile Users (1994)

The Bayou System is a platform of replicated, highly-available, variable-consistency, mobile databases on which to build collaborative applications. This paper presents the preliminary system architecture along with the design goals that influenced it. We take a fresh, bottom-up and critical look at the requirements of mobile computing applications and carefully pull together both new and existing techniques into an overall architecture that meets these requirements. Our emphasis is on supporting application-specific conflict detection and resolution and on providing application controlled inconsistency.
Synthesis and Biochemical Properties of Reversible Inhibitors of UDP‐N‐Acetylglucosamine 2‐Epimerase (2004)

Sialic acids have important biochemical functions in healthy organisms, for example, in embryogenesis, as well as in the spread of diseases like influenza. A key step in the biosynthesis of the sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid is the epimerization of 1 to give 2 (see scheme, UDP=uridine diphosphate). Transition-state analogues (e.g. 4) of this enzyme-catalyzed reaction were made and tested for their inhibitory action.
Evolutionary primacy of sodium bioenergetics (2008)

Barring convergent emergence of the same set of ligands in several lineages, these findings indicate that the use of sodium gradient for ATP synthesis is the ancestral modality of membrane bioenergetics. Thus, a primitive, sodium-impermeable but proton-permeable cell membrane that harboured a set of sodium-transporting enzymes appears to have been the evolutionary predecessor of the more structurally demanding proton-tight membranes. The use of proton as the coupling ion appears to be a later innovation that emerged on several independent occasions.
Lithium Batteries and Cathode Materials (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLithium Batteries and Cathode MaterialsM. Stanley WhittinghamView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 10, 4271–4302Publication Date (Web):September 14, 2004Publication History Received16 June 2004Published online14 September 2004Published inissue 1 October 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020731chttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020731cresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78048Altmetric-Citations5283LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Electrodes,Lithium,Materials,Transition metals Get e-Alerts
A correction and an addendum for "Variable-rate coding for meteor-burst communications" (1995)

A correction is presented in this note for an error which appears in the subject paper by M.B. Pursley and S.D. Sandberg [ibid., vol. 37, pp. 1105-1 112, Nov. 1989]. In addition, attached as an addendum is a proof that a modified version of an algorithm presented in the subject paper produces an optimal packet con6guration for variable-rate coding in meteor-burst communications. The proof of optimality for the original algorithm is quite tedious, and was not included in the subject paper.
Internet Security: Cryptographic Principles, Algorithms and Protocols (2003)

From the Publisher:
If every communication network were to use a secure system based on encryption, then viruses, worms and hackers would have a very hard time. Unfortunately, this scenario does not reflect the reality of the Internet world today. However, with security issues becoming more and more important internationally, engineers of the future will be required to design tougher, safer systems. This book takes a long-term view. It is not a 'how-to' implementation guide for today's practitioners. It is a training text for the engineers of the future. As well as providing an in-depth introduction to relevant cryptographic principles, algorithms and protocols, Internet Security links them to the technologies in use on the Internet today. State-of-the-art analyses of IETF standards plus summaries and explanations of RFC documents, numerous examples and a list of frequently used acronyms make this book a comprehensive and valuable reference for students, researchers and professional engineers alike -- anyone engaged in the long-term development of secure systems.
Interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor: studies on the induction by lipopolysaccharide partial structures. (1989)

Minimal concentration ranges of lipopolysaccharides, natural and synthetic lipid As, and partial structures were established for the induction of release of IL-1 and TNF from human MNC. LPS was more potent than lipid A. Partial structures of lipid A lacking nonhydroxylated fatty acids were inactive, but in combination with LPS or lipid A exhibited time-dependent synergistic or antagonistic effects.