gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System request detection in human conversation based on multi-resolution Gabor wavelet features (2009)

For a hands-free speech interface, it is important to detect commands in spontaneous utterances. Usual voice activity detection systems can only distinguish speech frames from nonspeech frames, but they cannot discriminate whether the detected speech section is a command for a system or not. In this paper, in order to analyze the difference between system requests and spontaneous utterances, we focus on fluctuations in a long period, such as prosodic articulation, and fluctuations in a short period, such as phoneme articulation. The use of multi-resolution analysis using Gabor wavelet on a Log-scale Mel-frequency Filter-bank clarifies the different characteristics of system commands and spontaneous utterances. Experiments using our robot dialog corpus show that the accuracy of the proposed method is 92.6% in F-measure, while the conventional power and prosody-based method is just 66.7%. Index Terms: dialog system, voice activity detection, system request detection
Most apparent distortion: full-reference image quality assessment and the role of strategy (2010)

The mainstream approach to image quality assessment has centered around accurately modeling the single most relevant strategy employed by the human visual system (HVS) when judging image quality (e.g., detecting visible differences, and extracting image structure/information). In this work, we suggest that a single strategy may not be sufficient; rather, we advocate that the HVS uses multiple strategies to determine image quality. For images containing near-threshold distortions, the image is most apparent, and thus the HVS attempts to look past the image and look for the distortions (a detection-based strategy). For images containing clearly visible distortions, the distortions are most apparent, and thus the HVS attempts to look past the distortion and look for the image's subject matter (an appearance-based strategy). Here, we present a quality assessment method [most apparent distortion (MAD)], which attempts to explicitly model these two separate strategies. Local luminance and contrast masking are used to estimate detection-based perceived distortion in high-quality images, whereas changes in the local statistics of spatial-frequency components are used to estimate appearance-based perceived distortion in low-quality images. We show that a combination of these two measures can perform well in predicting subjective ratings of image quality.
Acute effects of LSD on amygdala activity during processing of fearful stimuli in healthy subjects (2017)

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induces profound changes in various mental domains, including perception, self-awareness and emotions. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the acute effects of LSD on the neural substrate of emotional processing in humans. Using a double-blind, randomised, cross-over study design, placebo or 100 μg LSD were orally administered to 20 healthy subjects before the fMRI scan, taking into account the subjective and pharmacological peak effects of LSD. The plasma levels of LSD were determined immediately before and after the scan. The study (including the a priori-defined study end point) was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov before study start (NCT02308969). The administration of LSD reduced reactivity of the left amygdala and the right medial prefrontal cortex relative to placebo during the presentation of fearful faces (P<0.05, family-wise error). Notably, there was a significant negative correlation between LSD-induced amygdala response to fearful stimuli and the LSD-induced subjective drug effects (P<0.05). These data suggest that acute administration of LSD modulates the engagement of brain regions that mediate emotional processing.
Preclinical and Clinical Development of ABBV-8E12, a Humanized Anti-Tau Antibody, for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies. (2017)

Tau neurofibrillary tangles are found in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. The progressive spreading of tau pathology from one brain region to the next is believed to be caused by extracellular transsynaptic transmission of misfolded tau between neurons. Preclinical studies have shown that antibodies against tau can prevent this transfer of misfolded tau between cells. Thus, antibodies against tau have the potential to stop or slow the progression of tau pathology observed in human tauopathies. To test this hypothesis, a humanized anti-tau antibody (ABBV-8E12) was developed and a phase 1 clinical trial of this antibody has been completed. The double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 study tested single doses of ABBV-8E12 ranging from 2.5 to 50 mg/kg in 30 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). ABBV-8E12 was found to have an acceptable safety profile with no clinically concerning trends in the number or severity of adverse events between the placebo and dosed groups. Pharmacokinetic modelling showed that the antibody has a plasma half-life and cerebrospinal fluid:plasma ratio consistent with other humanized antibodies, and there were no signs of immunogenicity against ABBV-8E12. Based on the acceptable safety and tolerability profile of single doses of ABBV-8E12, AbbVie is currently enrolling patients into two phase 2 clinical trials to assess efficacy and safety of multiple doses of ABBV-8E12 in patients with early Alzheimer's disease or PSP.
The Role and Regulation of Tumour‐Associated Hyaluronan (2007)

Significantly increased levels of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan are often associated with human and animal tumours. In the rabbit V2 carcinoma elevated levels of tumour-associated hyaluronan are also closely correlated with invasiveness. We have therefore initiated studies to better define the role and regulation of hyaluronan synthesis in tumour tissues. In cell culture many tumour cell types have reduced capacities to synthesize hyaluronan even when derived from tumours enriched in hyaluronan. We showed that several of these same cells can nevertheless stimulate hyaluronan synthesis by normal fibroblasts. In the LX-1 human lung carcinoma cell line this stimulatory potential resides in a membrane-bound, heat-sensitive, lipophilic, cell surface glycoprotein. These data suggest that production of tumour-associated hyaluronan occurs via tumour-stromal cell interactions. We recently demonstrated that some human tumour cells also possess unoccupied, high affinity, cell surface binding sites for hyaluronan which may allow tumour cells to interact directly with hyaluronan-enriched extracellular matrices. This interaction may in turn allow tumour cells to use hyaluronan as a support for adhesion and locomotion. The spatial organization of hyaluronan could then function to guide tumour cells into surrounding stroma. We attempted to visualize this spatial deposition of hyaluronan in situ within frozen sections of human tumour tissue using a morphological probe that specifically recognizes hyaluronan. Hyaluronan appears most prominently in the partially degraded connective tissue.
Functional role for the 170- to 180-kDa glycoprotein specific to drug-resistant tumor cells as revealed by monoclonal antibodies. (1986)

An overexpression of the plasma membrane glycoprotein of relative molecular size 170-180 kDa is consistently found in different multidrug-resistant human and animal cell lines, although the functional role of the protein in multidrug resistance is not known. Two monoclonal antibodies that interfere with biochemical functions were generated against the human myelogenous leukemia K-562 cells resistant to adriamycin (K-562/ADM). These antibodies, designated MRK16 and MRK17, are specifically reactive to K-562/ADM and a human ovarian cancer cell line resistant to adriamycin (2780AD). MRK16 modulated vincristine and actinomycin D transport in the resistant cells, while MRK17 specifically inhibited the growth of the resistant cells. Both antibodies recognized the 170- to 180-kDa glycoprotein. These data indicate that the 170- to 180-kDa glycoprotein is involved, directly or indirectly, in the drug transport mechanisms and the proliferation of multidrug-resistant tumor cell lines.
Identification of Basic Residues in the Heparin-binding Exosite of Factor Xa Critical for Heparin and Factor Va Binding (2000)

We recently demonstrated that a template mechanism makes a significant contribution to the heparin-accelerated inactivation of factor Xa (FXa) by antithrombin at physiologic Ca(2+), suggesting that FXa has a potential heparin-binding site. Structural data indicate that 7 of the 11 basic residues of the heparin-binding exosite of thrombin are conserved at similar three-dimensional locations in FXa. These residues, Arg(93), Lys(96), Arg(125), Arg(165), Lys(169), Lys(236), and Arg(240) were substituted with Ala in separate constructs in Gla domainless forms. It was found that all derivatives cleave Spectrozyme FXa with similar catalytic efficiencies. Antithrombin inactivated FXa derivatives with a similar second-order association rate constant (k(2)) in both the absence and presence of pentasaccharide. In the presence of heparin, however, k(2) with certain mutants were impaired up to 25-fold. Moreover, these mutants bound to heparin-Sepharose with lower affinities. Heparin concentration dependence of the inactivation revealed that only the template portion of the cofactor effect of heparin was affected by the mutagenesis. The order of importance of these residues for binding heparin was as follows: Arg(240) > Lys(236) > Lys(169) > Arg(165) > Lys(96) > Arg(93) >/= Arg(125). Interestingly, further study suggested that certain basic residues of this site, particularly Arg(165) and Lys(169), play key roles in factor Va and/or prothrombin recognition by FXa in prothrombinase.
Pfeiffer syndrome type 2: further delineation and review of the literature. (1998)

We present 5 unrelated patients, 3 boys and 2 girls, with Pfeiffer syndrome (PS) type 2. They all had cloverleaf skull, severe proptosis, ankylosis of the elbows, broad thumbs and/or broad halluces and variable accompanying anomalies. We review the literature on all subtypes of PS. Most patients with PS type 2 died shortly after birth. Causes of death include pulmonary problems, brain abnormalities, prematurity and post-operative complications. DNA studies were performed in 3 of the 5 patients. Two of them showed a 1036T --> C mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene, that was earlier reported in PS and in Crouzon syndrome. Probably most, if not all, PS type 2 cases are caused by a de novo mutation in the FGFR2 gene or in another, yet unidentified gene. To date all type 2 cases have been non-familial. A low recurrence risk for parents can be advised.
A High Resolution Dimensional Metrology System For Masks (1987)

The continuous advance of microlithographic fabrication techniques into the submicron structure range requires a new generation of metrology systems to measure with an accuracy and throughput necessary for the demands of VLSI technology.
Enforced expression of Hlx homeobox gene prompts myeloid cell maturation and altered adherence properties of T cells (1993)

Within the hematopoietic compartment, the murine Hlx homeobox gene is expressed in myeloid cells, most prominently in macrophages and granulocytes, and in immature B-lymphoid cells but not in erythroid, mast, or T-lymphoid cells. The level of Hlx mRNA increased with induced differentiation of the promyelocytic lines WEHI-3B and HL-60. To address its biologic action more directly, Hlx expression vectors were introduced into seven mouse hematopoietic cell lines representing several lineages. Although four lines did not tolerate stable Hlx expression, high-level expression was achieved in the early myeloid line FDC-P1 and in the immature T-cell lines Tikaut and WEHI-707. Overexpression of Hlx in FDC-P1 cells downregulated two markers of myeloid immaturity, Thy-1 and CD34, and also promoted changes in cellular and colony morphology, indicative of limited differentiation. Ectopic Hlx expression in the T-cell lines induced changes in cellular and colony morphology and adhesiveness, concomitant with decreased expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (CD54) and Pgp-1 (CD44) and increased expression of heat-stable antigen. These results implicate Hlx in the control of myeloid maturation and the regulation of lymphoid adhesion processes.
GENETICS AND ENZYMOLOGY OF DNA REPLICATION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI (1992)

PERSPECTIVE AND INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 INITIATION OF REPLICATION AT SPECIFIC ORIGINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1 Initiation at oriC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 Initiation at oriA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 Initiation at oriP] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 Initiation of ColEI and pBR322 replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 Summary of Initiation Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 REPLICATION FORK MOVEMENT, PRIMING AND DNA SYNTHESIS . . . . . . 462 The Core Replication Proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 Replication Fork Movement and Interactions at the Fork . . . . . . . . _ _ . . . . . _ 466
History, safety, and effectiveness of current bleaching techniques and applications of the nightguard vital bleaching technique. (1992)

This article reviews the literature on the use of hydrogen peroxide in three professionally administered bleaching techniques from historical, technique, and safety viewpoints. Safety over time, absolute safety, and relative safety of nonvital bleaching, in-office vital bleaching, nightguard vital bleaching, and over-the-counter bleaching kits are compared. The advantages and disadvantages of different bleaching options, as well as indications for individual or combined use of the techniques, are discussed. In addition, specific indications for the use of the nightguard vital bleaching technique are presented.
Targeting non-coding RNAs with the CRISPR/Cas9 system in human cell lines (2014)

The CRISPR/Cas has been recently shown to be a powerful genome-editing tool in a variety of organisms. However, these studies are mainly focused on protein-coding genes. The present study aims to determine whether this technology can be applied to non-coding genes. One of the challenges for knockout of non-coding genes is that a small deletion or insertion generated by the standard CRISPR/Cas system may not necessarily lead to functional loss of a given non-coding gene because of lacking an open reading frame, especially in polyploidy human cell lines. To overcome this challenge, we adopt a selection system that allows for marker genes to integrate into the genome through homologous recombination (HR). Moreover, we construct a dual guide RNA vector that can make two cuts simultaneously at designated sites such that a large fragment can be deleted. With these approaches, we are able to successfully generate knockouts for miR-21, miR-29a, lncRNA-21A, UCA1 and AK023948 in various human cell lines. Finally, we show that the HR-mediated targeting efficiency can be further improved by suppression of the non-homologous end joining pathway. Together, these results demonstrate the feasibility of knockout for non-coding genes by the CRISPR/Cas system in human cell lines.
Research Article Suppression of MRI Truncation Artifacts Using Total Variation Constrained Data Extrapolation (2008)

The finite sampling of k-space in MRI causes spurious image artifacts, known as Gibbs ringing, which result from signal truncation at the border of k-space. The effect is especially visible for acquisitions at low resolution and commonly reduced by filtering at the expense of image blurring. The present work demonstrates that the simple assumption of a piecewise-constant object can be exploited to extrapolate the data in k-space beyond the measured part. The method allows for a significant reduction of truncation artifacts without compromising resolution. The assumption translates into a total variation minimization problem, which can be solved with a nonlinear optimization algorithm. In the presence of substantial noise, a modified approach offers edge-preserving denoising by allowing for slight deviations from the measured data in addition to supplementing data. The effectiveness of these methods is demonstrated with simulations as well as experimental data for a phantom and human brain in vivo. Copyright © 2008 Kai Tobias Block et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1.
Modelling client puzzles and denial-of-service resistant protocols (2012)

Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks are a growing concern to networked services like the Internet.

In recent years, major Internet e-commerce and government sites have been disabled due to various DoS attacks. A common form of DoS attack is a resource depletion attack, in which an attacker tries to overload the server's resources, such as memory or computational power, rendering the server unable to service honest clients. A promising way to deal with this problem is for a defending server to identify and segregate malicious traffic as earlier as possible. Client puzzles, also known as proofs of work, have been shown to be a promising tool to thwart DoS attacks in network protocols, particularly in authentication protocols. In this thesis, we design efficient client puzzles and propose a stronger security model to analyse client puzzles. We revisit a few key establishment protocols to analyse their DoS resilient properties and strengthen them using existing and novel techniques.

Our contributions in the thesis are manifold. We propose an efficient client puzzle that enjoys its security in the standard model under new computational assumptions. Assuming the presence of powerful DoS attackers, we find a weakness in the most recent security model proposed to analyse client puzzles and this study leads us to introduce a better security model for analysing client puzzles. We demonstrate the utility of our new security definitions by including two hash based stronger client puzzles. We also show that using stronger client puzzles any protocol can be converted into a provably secure DoS resilient key exchange protocol.

In other contributions, we analyse DoS resilient properties of network protocols such as Just Fast Keying (JFK) and Transport Layer Security (TLS). In the JFK protocol, we identify a new DoS attack by applying Meadows' cost based framework to analyse DoS resilient properties. We also prove that the original security claim of JFK does not hold. Then we combine an existing technique to reduce the server cost and prove that the new variant of JFK achieves perfect forward secrecy (the property not achieved by original JFK protocol) and secure under the original security assumptions of JFK. Finally, we introduce a novel cost shifting technique which reduces the computation cost of the server significantly and employ the technique in the most important network protocol, TLS, to analyse the security of the resultant protocol. We also observe that the cost shifting technique can be incorporated in any Diffine{Hellman based key exchange protocol to reduce the Diffie{Hellman exponential cost of a party by one multiplication and one addition.
Autosomal dominant, familial spastic paraplegia, type I (1995)

"Familial spastic paraplegia" (FSP) refers to clinically and genetically diverse syndromes characterized by insidiously progressive lower extremity spasticity. We evaluated 126 members of a large kindred, including 31 affected subjects, in which FSP was transmitted as a stereotyped, autosomal dominant disorder that showed complete genetic penetrance. Affected subjects developed insidiously progressive gait disturbance between ages 12 and thirty-five. Neurologic examination revealed hyperreflexia and spasticity in the lower extremities, weakness of hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion, extensor plantar response, diminished vibratory sense in the feet, and pes cavus. Using genetic linkage analysis, we excluded the FSP1 locus on chromosome 14q11.2 as the disease locus in this family. We present the clinical and genetic features of FSP type I, including the age-adjusted risk of developing the disorder in this family.
Modcap reference manual (1984)

article Modcap reference manual Share on Authors: Mark B. Wells New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NMView Profile , Margaret A. Hug New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NMView Profile , Roland Silver The Programmers, Inc., Taos, NM The Programmers, Inc., Taos, NMView Profile , John Brockmeyer The Programmers, Inc., Taos, NM The Programmers, Inc., Taos, NMView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 19Issue 12December 1984 pp 61–79https://doi.org/10.1145/948363.948371Online:01 December 1984Publication History 4citation96DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads96Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
The costimulatory molecule CD70 is regulated by distinct molecular mechanisms and is associated with overall survival in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (2013)

In diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), a recurrent deletion of the 19p13 region has recently been described. CD70 and TNFSF9 genes are suspected tumor suppressor genes, but previous studies suggest an oncogenic role for CD70. Therefore, we studied the consequences of variation in CD70 copy number and epigenetic modifications on CD70 expression. Copy-number variation was investigated in 144 de novo DLBCL tissues by comparative genomic hybridization array and quantitative multiplex PCR. Gene expression was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, and CD70 promoter methylation was determined by pyrosequencing. The 19p13.3.2 region was deleted in 21 (14.6%) cases, which allowed the minimal commonly deleted region of 57 Kb that exclusively includes the CD70 gene to be defined. Homozygous deletions were observed in four (2.7%) cases, and acquired single-nucleotide variations of CD70 were detected in nine (6.3%) cases. CD70 was highly expressed in both germinal centre B-cell-like (GCB) and activated B-cell-like (ABC) DLBCL compared to normal tissue, with distinct molecular mechanisms of mRNA expression regulation. A gene dosage effect was observed in the GCB subtype, whereas promoter methylation was the predominant mechanism of down regulation in the ABC subtype. However, high CD70 expression levels correlated to shorter overall survival in both the GCB (P = 0.0021) and the ABC (P =0.0158) subtypes. In conclusion, CD70 is targeted by recurrent deletions, somatic mutations and promoter hypermethylation, but its high level of expression is related to an unfavorable outcome, indicating that this molecule may constitute a potential therapeutic target in selected DLBCL.