gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lyman Beecher : Conservative Abolitionist, Theologian and Father (2009)

In 1834, as the conflicts over slavery in the United States were beginning to engulf the country, a group of perhaps the best and brightest students of the antebellum period of American history began debates on the issue of abolition.These debates, held at Lane Seminary in Cincinnati, were sparked, in large part, by the controversial Lyman Beecher after he had warned the students not to mingle with the free blacks of Cincinnati because they would become "overwhelmed."After the long and emotional debates on the abolition question, many of the top students within the seminary resigned the school and joined the newly formed Oberlin College.Students such as Theodore Weld and many others from the rebels of Lane Seminary began to alter the abolitionist methods to include more radical actions. 1 Full of controversies like the one at Lane Seminary, Lyman Beecher's life and work is one of the greatest examples of American politics before the Civil War.Apprehensive about addressing the slavery issue, Beecher, just like many American politicians of the day, was strongly opposed to slavery, but he continued to support gradual abolition by supporting the Colonization movement. 2Many historians claim that he never really embraced abolition, but rather he embraced colonization as the only alternative.Historians such as Larry Tise group Beecher together with pro-slavery ministers.Tise claimed that Beecher despised abolitionists like Garrison and had allied himself with pro-slavery ministers in order to suppress abolition agendas. 3However, more than once Beecher claimed, "Were it in my power to put an end to slavery immediately I would do it, but it is not.I can only pursue the measures best calculated, in my judgment, to get the slaves out of bondage in the shortest time."He not only argued that 1 Milton Rugoff, The Beechers: An American Family in the Nineteenth Century (New York:
Hydrocarbon complexes of ruthenium. Part IV. Cyclic dienyl complexes (1975)

Cyclopentadiene, cyclohexa-1,3-diene, and cyclohepta-1,3-diene yield dienyl complexes [Ru(MMe3)(CO)2(1–5-η-dienyl)](M = Si or Ge) on reaction with [Ru(MMe3)2(CO)4](M = Si or Ge) or [{Ru(SiMe3)(CO)4}2]. Cyclohexa-1,3-diene gives [Ru(CO)3(1–2 : 3–4 η-C6H8)] as the major product with both ruthenium complexes, whereas Cyclopentadiene and cyclohepta-1,3-diene give the corresponding [Ru(CO)3(1–2 : 3–4-η-diene)] complex only with [{Ru(SiMe3)(CO)4}2]. In the Cyclopentadiene reactions, formation of [Ru(CO)3(1–2 : 3–4-η-C5H6)] is deduced from observation of its decomposition product [RuH(CO)2(η-C5H5)]. Both [Ru(CO)3-(1–2 : 3–4-η-C6H8)] and [Ru(CO)3(1–2 : 3–4-η-C7H10)] are best prepared by treating Ru3(CO)12 with the diene, and have been employed as source of the cations [Ru(CO)3(1–5-η-C6H7)]+ and [Ru(CO)3(1–5-η-C7H9)]+via hydride abstract ion with [Ph3C][BF4]. The interaction of the cations with several nucleophiles has been studied, revealing a wide variation in the site of attack. Thus X–(X = Br or I), CN–, OMe–, and H– attack [Ru(CO)3(1–5-η-C7H9)]+ to yield respectively [RuX(CO)2(1–5-η-C7H9)], [Ru(CO)3(1-σ,3–5-η-C7H9CN-2)], [Ru(CO)3-(1–2 : 3–4-η-C7H9OMe-5)], and a mixture of [Ru(CO)3(1-σ,3–5-η-C7H10)] and [Ru(CO)3(1–2 : 3–4-η-C7H10)].
Increased fertility of Corynebacterium glutamicum recipients in intergeneric matings with Escherichia coli after stress exposure (1994)

Corynebacterial recipient cells exposed to heat, organic solvents, pH shifts, or detergents show an increased fertility in subsequent interspecific matings with Escherichia coli. This effect is independent of de novo protein biosynthesis and seems to be due to a direct inactivation of a restriction system active against foreign DNA that enters the cell by IncP-mediated conjugation.
Internet mobility 4×4 (1996)

Mobile IP protocols allow mobile hosts to send and receive packets addressed with their home network IP address, regardless of the IP address of their current point of attachment in the Internet.While some recent work in Mobile IP focuses on a couple of specific routing optimizations for sending packets to and from mobile hosts [Joh96] [Mon96], we show that a variety of different optimizations are appropriate in different circumstances. The best choice, which may vary on a connection-by-connection or even a packet-by-packet basis, depends on three factors: the characteristics the protocol should optimize, the permissiveness of the networks over which the packets travel and the level of mobile-awareness of the hosts with which the mobile host corresponds.Of the sixteen possible routing choices that we identify, we describe the seven that are most useful and discuss their benefits and limitations. These optimizations range from the most costly, which provides completely transparent mobility in all networks, to the most economical, which does not attempt to conceal location information. In particular, hosts should retain the option to communicate conventionally without using Mobile IP whenever appropriate.Further, we show that all optimizations can be described using a 4&times;4 grid of packet characteristics. This makes it easier for a mobile host, through a series of tests, to determine which of the currently available optimizations is the best to use for any given correspondent host.
Surface based anti-aliasing (2012)

We present surface based anti-aliasing (SBAA), a new approach to real-time anti-aliasing for deferred renderers that improves the performance and lowers the memory requirements for anti-aliasing methods that sample sub-pixel visibility. We introduce a novel way of decoupling visibility determination from shading that, compared to previous multi-sampling based approaches, significantly reduces the number of samples stored and shaded per pixel. Unlike post-process anti-aliasing techniques used in conjunction with deferred renderers, SBAA correctly resolves visibility of sub-pixel features, minimizing spatial and temporal artifacts.
Performance evaluation of a multichannel transceiver system for ADSL and VHDSL services (1991)

The authors study the performance of a multichannel modulation method for asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSLs) and very high-speed digital subscriber lines (VHDSLs). In the ADSL case, over all unloaded North American subscriber lines in the test set, a unidirectional 1.536 Mb/s data rate service from the end office to the customer premises is possible on a single twisted pair at an error rate of 10/sup -7/ with at least a 6 dB margin used coded multichannel modulation with sufficient transmit power. In the VHDSL case, data rates in excess of 100 Mb/s can be transmitted reliably, at an error rate of 10/sup -7/, using uncoded multichannel modulation on a single twisted pair over a distance <or=150 ft with a sufficiently high sampling rate ( approximately=24 MHz) and transmit power. It is shown that a cost-effective multichannel transceiver design suggested for high-speed digital subscriber line (HDSL) service will also work well for ADSL and VHDSL services with only minimal modifications.<<ETX>>
Three‐dimensional solution structure of the HIV‐1 protease complexed with DMP323, a novel cyclic urea‐type inhibitor, determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1996)

The three-dimensional solution structure of the HIV-1 protease homodimer, MW 22.2 kDa, complexed to a potent, cyclic urea-based inhibitor, DMP323, is reported. This is the first solution structure of an HIV protease/inhibitor complex that has been elucidated. Multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectra were used to assemble more than 4,200 distance and angle constraints. Using the constraints, together with a hybrid distance geometry/simulated annealing protocol, an ensemble of 28 NMR structures was calculated having no distance or angle violations greater than 0.3 A or 5 degrees, respectively. Neglecting residues in disordered loops, the RMS deviation (RMSD) for backbone atoms in the family of structures was 0.60 A relative to the average structure. The individual NMR structures had excellent covalent geometry and stereochemistry, as did the restrained minimized average structure. The latter structure is similar to the 1.8-A X-ray structure of the protease/DMP323 complex (Chang CH et al., 1995, Protein Science, submitted); the pairwise backbone RMSD calculated for the two structures is 1.22 A. As expected, the mismatch between the structures is greatest in the loops that are disordered and/or flexible. The flexibility of residues 37-42 and 50-51 may be important in facilitating substrate binding and product release, because these residues make up the respective hinges and tips of the protease flaps. Flexibility of residues 4-8 may play a role in protease regulation by facilitating autolysis.
Effects of Covalently Bound Silica-Nitroimidazole Drug Particles on Entamoeba histolytica (1989)

Most commonly used antiamoebic drugs are effective in invasive amebiasis, but their response against trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica, present in the lumen of the human colon, is inadequate. We report the development of an antiamoebic drug carrier that may be effective against luminal infections. Our preparation consists of small silica particles (5-10 microns in diameter) covalently linked to a potent antiamoebic drug, 2-(4-aminophenoxymethyl)-5-nitro-1-methyl imidazole. Silica-drug particles were injected into mice, hamsters, and guinea pigs. We found that trophozoites phagocytosed the particles in vivo and in vitro, followed by rapid cell death due to the released drug. Analysis of mouse serum revealed that no drug was absorbed from the intestine after placement of the drug-containing particles in the intestine. The antiamoebic activity of particles recovered from the intestine was almost fully retained. This novel antiamoebic concept may be useful for luminal therapy for asymptomatic amebiasis and may minimize side effects and frequency of administration.
Carbon nanotubes–metal nitride composites: a new class of nanocomposites with enhanced electrical properties (2004)

The fabrication and electrical property characterization of a new class of carbon nanotube (CNT)–nitride nanocomposites have been reported in this work. Electrical property measurements clearly reveal obvious increases in the electrical conductivities confirming the formation of a true composite material with enhanced electrical characteristics. Morever, the CNT–nitride nanocomposite still retains the electrochemical stability of the nitride material in highly corrosive electrolytes. Nitride nanoparticle-attached CNTs are crucial for the formation and enhanced properties of the composite, which provide good combination and form bridges between CNTs and the nitride matrix to give CNT–nitride composites.
Long-term potentiation and long-term depression of horizontal connections in rat motor cortex (1996)

This paper reviews studies that investigate conditions resulting in long-lasting modifications of synaptic efficacy in horizontal connections within layers II/III of adult rat motor cortex using the in vitro slice preparation. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced by high frequency theta burst stimulation (TBS) when local synaptic inhibition was transiently suppressed by bicuculline methiodide application at the recording site immediately prior to TBS of the horizontal pathway. Without bicuculline, TBS failed to produce LTP. LTP could also be induced without Bic application by conjoint TBS of horizontal and vertical (ascending) inputs. By contrast, long-term depression (LTD) of horizontal transmission was induced by 10 min of 2 Hz stimulation. Depressed horizontal connections nevertheless retained the capability for synaptic strength increases. These studies indicate that synaptic modification across horizontally connected neurones is regulated both by the arrangement of their intrinsic circuits and by the availability of mechanisms for modification at individual synapses. Activity dependent forms of synaptic plasticity operating within horizontal connections may form a spatial substrate and mechanism for experience-dependent regulation of cortical representations.
Polymer-Based Filters for DWDM Applications (1999)

An advanced planar polymer technology is proposed for DWDM components that address the needs of the telecom industry. We engineered high-performance organic polymers that exhibit state-of-the-art loss values, suppressed polarization effects, and exceptional stability. These materials can be readily made into planar single-mode waveguide structures of controlled geometries and modal profiles, and one class was especially formulated to enable the fabrication of Bragg gratings that exhibit total suppression of cladding mode loss and reflectivities in excess of 70 dB. The devices we describe include fixed and thermally tunable filtering elements based on planar polymer Bragg gratings.
Ultrasensitive Chemical Analysis by Raman Spectroscopy (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltrasensitive Chemical Analysis by Raman SpectroscopyKatrin Kneipp, Harald Kneipp, Irving Itzkan, Ramachandra R. Dasari, and Michael S. FeldView Author Information Physics Department, Technical University Berlin, D 10623 Berlin, Germany, and G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 10, 2957–2976Publication Date (Web):September 28, 1999Publication History Received17 February 1999Revised25 August 1999Published online28 September 1999Published inissue 13 October 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr980133rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr980133rresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14795Altmetric-Citations1917LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Colloidal particles,Molecules,Nanoparticles,Raman spectroscopy,Silver Get e-Alerts
Palladium-catalyzed reactions in the synthesis of 3- and 4-substituted indoles. 3. Total synthesis of (.+-.)-aurantioclavine (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed reactions in the synthesis of 3- and 4-substituted indoles. 3. Total synthesis of (.+-.)-aurantioclavineLouis S. Hegedus, Jose L. Toro, William H. Miles, and Peter J. HarringtonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 15, 3319–3322Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00391a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00391a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views770Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Through-wafer copper electroplating for three-dimensional interconnects (2002)

Through-wafer electrical connections are becoming increasingly important for three-dimensional integrated circuits, microelectromechanical systems packaging and radio-frequency components. In this paper, we report our current results on the formation of through-wafer metal plugs using the copper electroplating technique. Several approaches for via filling are investigated, such as filling before or after wafer thinning. Among the methods experimented, the one-side Cu plating and bottom-up filling appears to be the most suitable technique for copper filling into high aspect ratio vias. Using this method, we demonstrate the successful filling of vias with an aspect ratio of up to 7. Copper plugs as small as 20 × 20 μm2 are obtained uniformly over 4 inch Si wafers.
Discretionary access controls in a high-performance object management system (2002)

A method for efficiently implementing access control lists (ACLs) in the main memory object-oriented database systems (OODBSs) is proposed. The main features of the method are the following: ACLs are not stored directly, but via ACL numbers; and each process has a cache which records results of evaluations of ACLs for this process and certain ACL numbers. The particular implementation of ACL numbers in the High-Performance Portable Common Tool Environment (H-PCTE) is considered, and a set of measures which speed up access controls in the most time-critical data manipulation operations is presented. The author then compares the proposed method with other approaches, and discusses whether and how the proposed method can be used to implement ACLs in a disc-oriented system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Detection and synthesis of a progestagen-dependent protein in human endometrium (1980)

Immunologiocal and biochemical methods were employed to demonstrate the presence of progestagen-dependent proteins in human endometrium. Cytosols were prepared from proliferative and secretory phase endometria of cycling women, from decidua and decidua-rich tissues of women in early pregnancy and from decidua of tubal pregnancy. Antisera were raised in rabbits against the antigens of decidua of tubal pregnancy and decidua-rich tissues. Immunoelectrophoresis, Ouchterlony's immunodiffusion test and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using native gels revealed 2 antigenic proteins, designated antigens A and B, in secretory endometria, decidua-rich tissues, decidua, and in decidua of tubal pregnancy. However, only 1 antigenic protein was detected by SDS-gel electrophoresis: antigens A and B may therefore be two different proteins or two forms of a single protein. The antigens could not be detected in non-pregnancy sera or in term placentae. Double isotopic labelling (incubation of tissues with [3H]- and [14C]leucine) followed by protein fractionation methods were used to compare the in-vitro synthesis rates of antigens in poroliferative tissues with those in decidua or secretory endometria. The rate of synthesis of antigens A and B was markedly higher in the decidua and secretory endometria than in the proliferative endometria. We conclude, therefore, that during progestagen-dependent transformation of proliferative phase endometria into secretory endometria and decidua in women, there is a selective stimulation of at least one species of pregnancy-associated protein.
A Review of Surface Plasmon Resonance‐Enhanced Photocatalysis (2012)

Abstract In the past decade, the surface plasmon resonance of Ag and Au nanoparticles has been investigated to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic processes. The photocatalytic production of fuels is particularly interesting for its ability to store the sun's energy in chemical bonds that can be released later without producing harmful byproducts. This Feature Article reviews recent work demonstrating plasmon‐enhanced photocatalytic water splitting, reduction of CO 2 with H 2 O to form hydrocarbon fuels, and degradation of organic molecules. Focus is placed on several possible mechanisms that have been previously discussed in the literature. A particular emphasis is given to several aspects of these mechanisms that are not fully understood and will require further investigation.
A phase II trial of the Src kinase inhibitor AZD0530 in patients with metastatic or locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma: A trial of the PMH phase II consortium. (2010)

e14544 Background: AZD0530is an oral, anilinoquinazolone, non-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting c-SRC, c- Yes, Lck and Bcr-abl. Src family kinases have been implicated in transformation and gastric cancer progression. Methods: The aim of this multi-centre, 2-stage design, phase II study was to assess the activity of AZD0530 in patients (pts) with unresectable or metastatic gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma. Eligibility criteria included: ECOG PS ≤ 2; prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemo radiation and ≤ 1 prior line of chemotherapy for metastatic disease were allowed. Primary endpoint was objective response and/or prolonged stable disease rate (pSD ≥ 16 weeks). Secondary endpoints included time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS) and tolerability. Pts received AZD0530 175 mg/day of a 28 day cycle. Tumor response was assessed by RECIST criteria every 8 weeks. ≥ 1 pt(s) with response, or ≥ 3 pts with pSD out of the first 18 evaluable pts was required to proceed to second stage accrual. Results: 20 pts with gastric cancer, median age 64 (range 43-83) years received a total of 38 cycles of treatment, median 2 (range 1 to 5) cycles/pt. 7 pts had received prior chemotherapy and 6 prior radiotherapy for advanced disease. Best response was pSD (1 pt). 3 pts had SD, 10 progressive disease and 3 were inevaluable. 3 pts remain on treatment. The most common drug related adverse events any grade (% of patients) were fatigue (40%), elevated phosphate (40%), lymphopenia (35%), anorexia (30%), hypocalcaemia (30%) and elevation of aminotransferases (30%). Grade 3 events possibly related to AZD0530 included: fatigue (2 pts), anemia (2), lymphopenia (2), hyponatraemia (2) and dyspnoea (1). 14 pts have progressed. Median TTP was 1.8 months (95% CI: 1.5-3.5 mos). There have been 6 deaths. Median OS has not been reached. Conclusions: AZD0530 has insufficient activity as a single agent in pts with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma to warrant further investigation. Further development in gastric cancer would require rational drug combinations or identification of a tumor phenotype sensitive to Src inhibiton. The study has closed to accrual. No significant financial relationships to disclose.