gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Concise Synthesis of the Pentacyclic Framework of Cortistatins (2008)

An efficient synthesis of the pentacyclic framework of cortistatins has been developed. The key strategy comprises assembly of the A- and the CD-ring fragments by Knoevenagel reaction, facile formation of the pyran ring via electrocyclization, and construction of the seven-membered B-ring by radical addition to an alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone.
Identification of Underspread Linear Systems with Application to Super-Resolution Radar (2010)

Identification of time-varying linear systems, which introduce both time-shifts (delays) and frequency-shifts (Doppler-shifts), is a central task in many engineering applications. This paper studies the problem of identification of underspread linear systems (ULSs), whose responses lie within a unit-area region in the delay Doppler space, by probing them with a known input signal. It is shown that sufficiently-underspread parametric linear systems, described by a finite set of delays and Doppler-shifts, are identifiable from a single observation as long as the time bandwidth product of the input signal is proportional to the square of the total number of delay Doppler pairs in the system. In addition, an algorithm is developed that enables identification of parametric ULSs from an input train of pulses in polynomial time by exploiting recent results on sub-Nyquist sampling for time delay estimation and classical results on recovery of frequencies from a sum of complex exponentials. Finally, application of these results to super-resolution target detection using radar is discussed. Specifically, it is shown that the proposed procedure allows to distinguish between multiple targets with very close proximity in the delay Doppler space, resulting in a resolution that substantially exceeds that of standard matched-filtering based techniques without introducing leakage effects inherent in recently proposed compressed sensing-based radar methods.
Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction to Detect Bacteria in Arthropods: A Review (1995)

Detection of bacteria in arthropod vectors traditionally has been pursued using serological and cell culture methodologies. The advent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has made possible accurate, timely, and reproducible identification of bacteria in these vectors, particularly those microbes that are difficult to culture in vitro. We have reviewed the literature for PCR primers used to amplify gene segments of pathogenic bacteria from insect, tick, and mite vectors and provide the sequences of these primers, as well as notes on preparation of arthropod samples and direct sequencing of PCR products.
On DDos Attack against Proxy in Proxy Re-encryption and Proxy Re-signature (2009)

In 1998, Blaze, Bleumer and Strauss proposed new kind of cryptographic primitives called proxy re-encryption and proxy re-signature. In proxy re-encryption, a proxy can transform a ciphertext computed under Alice's public key into one that can be opened under Bob's decryption key. In proxy re-signature, a proxy can transform a signature computed underAlice's secret key into one that can be verified by Bob's public key.Proxy re-cryptography can find many interesting applications in our life. In this paper, we introduce a new attack- DDos attack against proxy in the proxy re-cryptography. Although this attack can also be implemented against other cryptographic primitives,the danger caused by it in proxy re-cryptography seems more serious.We revisit the current literature, paying attention on their resisting DDos attack ability. We suggest a solution to decline the impact of DDos attacking. Also we give two new efficient proxy re-encryption schemes which can achieve CCA2 secure based on Cramer-Shoup encryption scheme and prove its security. At last we give our conclusions with hoping researchers to pay more attention to this attack.
Testing integrated circuit microstructures using charging-induced voltage contrast (1990)

We describe recent experiments using a novel method of testing isolation and continuity in microstructures using an electron beam technique. We use the beam of an unmodified scanning electron microscope (SEM) to deposit charge on microstructures typical of advanced integrated circuits. Differences in potential induced by that charging are detected by observing the voltage contrast between microstructure elements. With an unmodified SEM, isolation to about 2×1011 Ω can be verified. Examples are shown of structures for checking patterning capability and measuring defect density in manufacturing.
Model-based multiple view reconstruction of people (2003)

This paper presents a framework to reconstruct a scene captured in multiple camera views based on a prior model of the scene geometry. The framework is applied to the capture of animated models of people. A multiple camera studio is used to simultaneously capture a moving person from multiple viewpoints. A humanoid computer graphics model is animated to match the pose at each time frame. Constrained optimisation is then used to recover the multiple view correspondence from silhouette, stereo and feature cues, updating the geometry and appearance of the model. The key contribution of this paper is a model-based computer vision framework for the reconstruction of shape and appearance from multiple views. This is compared to current model-free approaches for multiple view scene capture. The technique demonstrates improved scene reconstruction in the presence of visual ambiguities and provides the means to capture a dynamic scene with a consistent model that is instrumented with an animation structure to edit the scene dynamics or to synthesise new content.
Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus on the basis of coagulase gene polymorphisms (1992)

Staphylocoagulase, a major phenotypic determinant of Staphylococcus aureus, exists in multiple allelic forms, in part because of the existence of gene variants within the 3'-end coding region. This region contains a series of repeating 81-bp DNA sequences which differ both in the number of tandem repeats and the location of AluI restriction sites among different isolates. Utilizing this finding, we developed a novel typing method for S. aureus based on polymerase chain reaction amplification of the variable region of the coagulase gene followed by AluI restriction enzyme digestion and analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Among 30 S. aureus isolates studied initially, a total of 10 distinct RFLP patterns were observed. There was excellent correlation of the RFLP patterns with typing of these isolates by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis at 20 chromosomal loci. This coagulase RFLP method was used to analyze an additional 39 S. aureus isolates and successfully traced the source of an outbreak of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections at a local hospital.
The Bacterial Lectin FimH, a Target for Drug Discovery – Carbohydrate Inhibitors of Type 1 Fimbriae‐Mediated Bacterial Adhesion (2011)

Abstract Adhesion is a prerequisite for bacteria to colonize cell surfaces. To accomplish cellular adhesion, many bacteria use carbohydrate‐specific lectins, which are expressed as part of capillary protein appendages expanding from their surface, called fimbriae or pili. For bacteria, colonization of cell surfaces offers advantageous conditions to persist and multiply. For the host, however, bacterial colonization can be affiliated with severe health problems such as inflammation. Therefore, to combat bacterial adhesion and inflammatory diseases, investigation of the molecular and biophysical details of the relevant lectin–carbohydrate interactions is important. Understanding molecular carbohydrate recognition can lead to the development of high‐affinity inhibitors of bacterial lectins. That way, interfering with the bacterial attachment to surfaces proves the vision of an antiadhesion therapy, among others, against uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). One of the most important and best investigated bacterial lectins is the mannose‐specific protein FimH, which is expressed on the tips of type 1 fimbriae. During the last 30 years, many natural as well as synthetic mannosidic ligands of FimH have been designed and tested for their inhibitory potencies. We report key results and comment on key problems and perspectives of this research.
Animal theology and ethical concerns (2004)

A school of theological thought has arisen in recent years that can be appropriately named "Animal Theology." Animal theology takes up the challenge of making the great themes of the Christian tradition (faith, grace, resurrection, redemption, sin, natural law and so on) relevant to animals. It challenges us to face our assumptions, and socially conditioned beliefs about the place of animals in our world and salvation theology. It resists the assumption that God is totally consumed with human purposes and that creation is simply the back-drop for human persons to work out their salvation. It decentres the human person, but notes the appropriate role of humans as custodians of creation.
Remyelination in demyelinating disease. (1997)

In multiple sclerosis, partial remyelination is conspicuous in many lesions, and is thought to contribute significantly to lasting recovery from acute relapse. However, myelin repair ultimately fails during progression of the disease, as disability and handicap accumulate. In this chapter we explore the biological background to myelin repair in CNS demyelinating disease, and the reasons underlying the failure of more widespread and lasting remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Experimental studies provide clear evidence that therapies promoting myelin repair can be highly successful in the CNS, and we discuss the clinical approaches which might allow the translation of these laboratory studies to neurological practice, together with some of the potential hazards and pitfalls likely to arise.
Opioid and sigma receptor studies. New developments in the design of selective sigma ligands (2001)

Abstract New racemic and chiral methyl 2-{[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperi-din-1-yl]methyl}-1-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylate derivatives were synthesized in order to obtain sigma ligands with increased affinity and selectivity compared to (+)-MPCB and haloperidol. The cis-(±)-7 racemic mixture showed a better binding affinity and selectivity than the (±)-8 trans isomers. Between the two cis enantiomers, (+)-7, with configuration (1R,2S), showed a very high affinity and the best selectivity for s1. All compounds synthesized (7­9) showed a reduced or negligible affinity for opioid and dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors. Nociceptive in vivo test confirms that (+)-7 (namely MR200), such as non-selective antagonist haloperidol, increased the analgesic effect induced by the k opioid selective ligand U50,488H and reversed the inhibiting effect of (+)-pentazocine on analgesia.
IgA1 proteases of Haemophilus influenzae: cloning and characterization in Escherichia coli K-12. (1983)

Haemophilus influenzae is one of several bacterial pathogens known to release IgA1 proteases into the extracellular environment. Each H. influenzae isolate produces one of at least three distinct types of these enzymes that differ in the specific peptide bond they cleave in the hinge region of human IgA1. We have isolated the gene specifying type 1 IgA1 protease from a total genomic library of H. influenzae, subcloned it into plasmid vectors, and introduced these vectors into Escherichia coli K-12. The enzyme synthesized by E. coli was active and had the same specificity as that of the H. influenzae donor. Unlike that of the donor, E. coli protease activity accumulated in the periplasm rather than being transported extracellularly. The position of the protease gene in H. influenzae DNA and its direction of transcription was approximated by deletion mapping. Tn5 insertions, and examination of the polypeptides synthesized by minicells. A 1-kilobase probe excised from the IgA1 protease gene hybridized with DNA restriction fragments of all H. influenzae serogroups but not with DNA of a nonpathogenic H. parainfluenzae species known to be IgA1 protease negative.
High-power Cascaded Raman Fiber Laser with 41-W output power at 1480-nm band (2007)

A cascaded Raman laser with 41-W CW output at 1480-nm band was demonstrated by a 65-m silica-based highly nonlinear fiber as the Raman gain medium.
Antascomicins A, B, C, D and E. Novel FKBP12 Binding Compounds from a Micromonospora Strain. (1996)

5 novel ascomycin-like compounds, antascomicins A, B, C, D and E were isolated from a strain of Micromonospora. The antascomicins bind strongly to the FK506-binding protein FKBP12 and antagonize the immunosuppressive activity of FK506 and rapamycin. The strain description, fermentation, structure elucidation and biological activity of these compounds are described.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (1995)

Thrombocytopenia and thrombosis, recognized complications of heparin therapy, have long been thought to be antibody mediated. However, in vitro studies have failed to provide satisfactory explanations for platelet destruction and paradoxical thrombosis in patients with heparin sensitivity. Recently, several groups of investigators have shown that plasma from patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis contains IgG and IgM antibodies specific for complexes containing heparin and platelet factor 4, a heparin-binding protein normally contained in platelet alpha granules. These observations have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of this serious side-effect of heparin therapy and should point the way to improved diagnosis, prevention, and, possibly, treatment.
High-throughput PCR. (1993)

The number of PCR samples that can be simultaneously processed has been dramatically increased over existing practices by using a new polycarbonate 864-well microwell plate and a modified air cycling oven. In thirty 9-min cycles, four plates containing 3455 samples can be amplified in 4.5 h. Amplification is rapid, uniform and reliable from sample to sample and run to run. This PCR method can satisfy the Human Genome Project's need for high-throughput sample analysis using PCR.
Characterization of Carotid Atherosclerosis and Detection of Soft Plaque with Use of Black-Blood MR Imaging (2008)

BB-MR imaging can diagnose plaque components and predict plaque hardness. This procedure provides useful information for planning therapeutic strategies of carotid atherosclerosis.
Open community development for science gateways with apache rave (2011)

Science gateways enable researchers and students to use distributed scientific computing infrastructure (cyberinfrastructure) through Web browsers and Web-enabled desktop clients. This paper describes the use of the open source, open community Apache Rave project as the basis for developing science gateways. Building on Apache Shindig (for OpenSocial Gadgets) and Apache Wookie (for W3C Widgets), Rave provides an out-of-the box deployment that can be used to host reusable social Web components. Rave is based on the Spring MVC framework and so can also be extensively customized or extended with (for example) custom database back-ends and authentication modules. In this paper we consider Rave as a development platform for science gateways and discuss how the source code may be extended through three use cases that focus on gateway security requirements. A major consideration of this paper is how to design Rave as a development environment so that developers can make local customizations and extensions freely on both a rapidly changing code base (during Rave's initial development), and (later) between stable code bases during version upgrades. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of developing science gateways and other cyberinfrastructure software within the Apache Software Foundation and present its potential advantages.
Non-Pungent Capsaicin Analogs (Capsinoids) Increase Metabolic Rate and Enhance ThermogenesisviaGastrointestinal TRPV1 in Mice (2009)

Capsinoids are non-pungent capsaicin analogs which increase energy expenditure like capsaicin. However, the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of their energy expenditure despite their non-pungency are poorly understood. We suggest here that capsinoids increase energy expenditure in wild-type mice, but not in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) knockout mice, implying that capsinoids increase energy expenditure via TRPV1. The jejunal administration of capsinoids to anesthetized mice raised the temperature of the colon and intrascapular brown adipose tissue. Denervation of the extrinsic nerves connected to the jejunum inhibited this temperature elevation. These findings suggest that capsinoids increase energy expenditure by activating the intestinal extrinsic nerves. Although the jejunal administration of capsinoids did not raise the tail skin temperature, an intravenous injection of capsinoids did, indicating that capsinoids could barely pass through the intestinal wall into the blood. Taken together, gastrointestinal TRPV1 may be a critical target for capsinoids to enhance energy expenditure.
High tissue factor activity and low tissue factor pathway inhibitor concentrations in patients with preterm labor (2009)

Women with preterm parturition, in contrast to those in labor at term, have a higher TF activity and a lower TFPI concentration, without a significant change in the median maternal plasma TF concentration. These observations suggest that the increased thrombin generation reported in patients with PTL may be the result of activation of the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. In addition, the increased thrombin generation reported in patients with PTL could be due to insufficient anti-coagulation, as reflected by the low maternal plasma TFPI concentration.
Regioselective ligation of oligoribonucleotides using DNA splints (1992)

We describe here a novel method for the ligation of oligoribonucleotides with T4 RNA ligase that relies on a DNA splint to approximate the ends ofRNA strands, resulting in greatly improved yields of the desired RNA product (1, 2). When sequential ligations are performed, the method may be used to sequence specifically incorporate non-standard nucleotides that may not be compatible with current chemical synthetic technologies. The present method requires that the DNA splint lack elements that base-pair to the immediate vicinity of the splice junction so as to create a broken interior loop structure (complex 3, Scheme 1) that is compatible with T4 RNA ligase specificity
Fast compressive sampling with structurally random matrices (2008)

This paper presents a novel framework of fast and efficient compressive sampling based on the new concept of structurally random matrices. The proposed framework provides four important features. (i) It is universal with a variety of sparse signals. (ii) The number of measurements required for exact reconstruction is nearly optimal. (iii) It has very low complexity and fast computation based on block processing and linear filtering. (iv) It is developed on the provable mathematical model from which we are able to quantify trade-offs among streaming capability, computation/memory requirement and quality of reconstruction. All currently existing methods only have at most three out of these four highly desired features. Simulation results with several interesting structurally random matrices under various practical settings are also presented to verify the validity of the theory as well as to illustrate the promising potential of the proposed framework.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated Fas apoptotic signaling pathway (1997)

Ligation of the cell surface receptor Fas/APO-1 (CD95) by its specific ligand or by anti-Fas antibodies rapidly induces apoptosis in susceptible cells. To characterize the molecular events involved in Fas-induced apoptosis, we examined the contribution of two subgroups of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family, the Jun kinases or stress-activated protein kinases (JNKs/SAPKs) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), in a Fas-sensitive neuroblastoma cell line. Here we show that both JNK and ERK protein kinases were activated upon Fas crosslinking through a Ras-dependent mechanism. Interference with either the JNK or ERK pathway by ectopic expression of dominant-interfering mutant proteins blocked Fas-mediated apoptosis. ERK activation was transient and associated with induced expression of the Fas receptor. In contrast, JNK activation was sustained and correlated with the onset of apoptosis. These data indicate that the ERK and the JNK groups of MAP kinases cooperate in the induction of cell death by Fas. Inhibition of Fas killing by an interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor peptide did not modify Fas-induced JNK activation upon Fas ligation. In contrast, changes in Bcl-2 level due to expression of sense and antisense vectors influenced the sensitivity to Fas killing and Fas-induced JNK activation.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Ethyl-Eicosapentaenoic Acid as Supplemental Treatment in Schizophrenia (2002)

EPA may be an effective and well-tolerated add-on treatment in schizophrenia.
Amphiphilic polymer gel electrolytes. I. preparation of gels based on poly(ethylene oxide) graft copolymers containing different ionophobic groups (2001)

Abstract Amphiphilic graft copolymers were prepared via the radical copolymerization of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) macromonomers with fluorocarbon or hydrocarbon acrylates in toluene with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. 1 H NMR spectroscopy confirmed that the composition of the graft copolymers corresponded well to the monomer feed. For gel electrolytes prepared from the amphiphilic copolymers, the nature of the ionophobic parts of the amphiphilic graft copolymers had a great influence on the ion conductivity. Gel electrolytes based on graft copolymers containing fluorocarbon side chains showed significantly higher ion conductivity than electrolytes based on graft copolymers containing hydrocarbon groups. The ambient‐temperature ion conductivity was about 2.6 mS/cm at 20 °C for a gel electrolyte based on an amphiphilic graft copolymer consisting of an acrylate backbone carrying PEO and fluorocarbon side chains. Corresponding gels based on graft copolymers with PEO side chains and hydrocarbon groups showed an ambient‐temperature ion conductivity of about 1.2 mS/cm. The gel electrolytes contained 30 wt % copolymer and 70 wt % 1 M LiPF 6 in an ethylene carbonate/γ‐butyrolactone (2/1 w/w) mixture. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2223–2232, 2001
Distributed multimedia and QOS: a survey (1995)

Quality of service (QOS) is increasingly important for all components within distributed multimedia systems, as this survey reveals. We discuss the QOS parameters found in communication protocols, operating systems, multimedia databases and file servers, as well as those directly affecting the human user.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>