gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organic Chemical Reactions in Supercritical Water (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Chemical Reactions in Supercritical WaterPhillip E. SavageView Author Information University of Michigan, Chemical Engineering Department, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 2, 603–622Publication Date (Web):January 5, 1999Publication History Received26 June 1998Revised28 September 1998Published online5 January 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9700989https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9700989research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8507Altmetric-Citations1182LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Catalysts,Organic reactions,Oxidation,Water Get e-Alerts
Targeted T-cell therapy for human leukemia: cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a peptide derived from proteinase 3 preferentially lyse human myeloid leukemia cells (1996)

Proteinase 3 is present in high concentration in the primary granules of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia blasts, and may represent a potential T-cell target antigen. We screened proteinase 3 against the binding motif of HLA-A2.1. Based on its high predicted binding, a 9-mer peptide, "PR-1," was synthesized and tested for binding to HLA-A2.1 using the T2 cell line. PR-1 at 100 micrograms/mL significantly increased expression of HLA-A2.1, with median channel of fluorescence increasing from 22 to 294. Binding half-life was determined to be 1,460 minutes by I125-labeled beta 2-microglobulin incorporation. HLA-A2.1+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a normal donor were used to generate a T-cell line specific for PR-1. The line demonstrated 85% PR-1-specific lysis at an E:T ratio of 50:1, compared with 20% lysis without PR-1, using T2 cells as targets. It also showed 79% specific lysis to fresh chronic myelogenous leukemia blasts, 54% to fresh acute myelogenous leukemia blasts, and only background lysis (< 20%) to HLA-A2.1+ normal allogeneic marrow cells. The amount of lysis of HLA-A2.1+ myeloid cells was proportional to cytoplasmic proteinase 3 expression. Thus, HLA-A2.1-restricted cytotoxic T cells, raised against a peptide contained in proteinase 3, preferentially lysed fresh human leukemic cells.
“Model T” Cells: A Time-Tested Vehicle for Gene Therapy (2013)

T lymphocytes first carried foreign genes safely into humans over two decades ago. Since these pioneering studies, scientific techniques to better understand the genomic landscape of cells has directly led to a more sophisticated appreciation of the diversity, functional complexity, and therapeutic potential of T cells. Through the use of mouse models, we now know the function of the many genes that are critical for T cells to recognize foreign, mutated, or self-antigens and the factors responsible for the lineage diversification of T cells that lead to inhibitory or stimulatory immune responses. This knowledge combined with well-established modalities to introduce genes into T cells allows for the design of effector and memory CD8 and CD4 T lymphocytes specific for viral, fungal, bacterial, parasitic, and tumor-antigens and to design regulatory lymphocytes specific for the self-antigens responsible for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here, I review strategies for designing the ideal T cell by introducing genes controlling (1) the secretion of cytokines/chemokines and their receptors, (2) T-cell receptor specificity, (3) chimeric-antigen receptors that enable for the recognition of surface antigens in an MHC-independent fashion, (4) co-stimulatory/inhibitory surface molecules, and (5) disease defining single-gene factors.
The Panitumumab EGFR Complex Reveals a Binding Mechanism That Overcomes Cetuximab Induced Resistance (2016)

Panitumumab and cetuximab target the epidermal growth factor receptor for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. These therapies provide a significant survival benefit to patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with wild-type RAS. A single point mutation in the ectodomain of EGFR (S468R) confers acquired or secondary resistance in cetuximab treated patients, which is not observed in panitumumab-treated patients. Structural and biophysical studies presented here show this mutation directly blocks cetuximab binding to EGFR domain III and describes a unique mechanism by which panitumumab uses a central cavity to accommodate this mutation.
Regulating Expression of the Gene for Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (Collagenase): Mechanisms that Control Enzyme Activity, Transcription, and mRNA Stability (1996)

Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is one of three collagenases that can degrade the interstitial collagens, types I, II, and III at neutral pH. As these collagens are the most abundant proteins in the body, collagenase plays a critical role in modeling and remodeling the extracellular matrix. Therefore, it is not surprising that MMP-1 gene expression can be regulated at multiple points. Procollagenase can be activated by mechanisms that generate an active enzyme with differing specific activities, and the active enzyme can be inhibited by complexing with either the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) or alpha 2 macroglobulin. The activator protein-1 (AP-1) site in the collagenase promoter plays a prominent role in the transcriptional control of the collagenase gene. It is essential for basal transcription, and contributes to induction by phorbol esters, although other sites in the proximal promoter are essential. In contrast, transactivation by cytokines such as Interleukin-1 depends on sequences in more distal regions of the promoter. Posttranscriptional mechanisms also regulate gene expression, and several cytokines and growth factors increase the stability of the collagenase transcript. Finally, glucocorticoid hormones repress transcription of the collagenase gene by the interaction of glucocorticoid receptors with the AP-1 proteins, Fos and Jun. Retinoids also suppress transcription by mechanisms that involve down-regulation of fos and jun mRNA, sequestration of Fos and Jun proteins, and the formation of complexes of retinoic acid receptors (RAR/RXR heterodimers) and AP-1 proteins on the DNA. These multiple points of regulation assure precise control of collagenolytic activity in a variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Management of canine von Willebrand's disease. (1992)

Canine von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder of purebred dogs. Optimum treatment of affected dogs is influenced by the presence of concurrent disorders, especially thyroid insufficiency, and the nature of hemostatic stress encountered. Blood component therapy, most specifically the use of cryoprecipitate, provides the most effective transfusion support for severely affected dogs.
Significance and statistical errors in the analysis of DNA microarray data (2002)

DNA microarrays are important devices for high throughput measurements of gene expression, but no rational foundation has been established for understanding the sources of within-chip statistical error. We designed a specialized chip and protocol to investigate the distribution and magnitude of within-chip errors and discovered that, as expected from theoretical expectations, measurement errors follow a Lorentzian-like distribution, which explains the widely observed but unexplained ill-reproducibility in microarray data. Using this specially designed chip, we examined a data set of repeated measurements to extract estimates of the distribution and magnitude of statistical errors in DNA microarray measurements. Using the common "ratio of medians" method, we find that the measurements follow a Lorentzian-like distribution, which is problematic for subsequent analysis. We show that a method of analysis dubbed "median of ratios" yields a more Gaussian-like distribution of errors. Finally, we show that the bootstrap algorithm can be used to extract the best estimates of the error in the measurement. Quantifying the statistical error in such measurements has important applications for estimating significance levels, clustering algorithms, and process optimization.
Gene therapy for liver regeneration: Experimental studies and prospects for clinical trials (2010)

The liver is an exceptional organ, not only because of its unique anatomical and physiological characteristics, but also because of its unlimited regenerative capacity. Unfolding of the molecular mechanisms that govern liver regeneration has allowed researchers to exploit them to augment liver regeneration. Dramatic progress in the field, however, was made by the introduction of the powerful tool of gene therapy. Transfer of genetic materials, such as hepatocyte growth factor, using both viral and non-viral vectors has proved to be successful in augmenting liver regeneration in various animal models. For future clinical studies, ongoing research aims at eliminating toxicity of viral vectors and increasing transduction efficiency of non-viral vectors, which are the main drawbacks of these systems. Another goal of current research is to develop gene therapy that targets specific liver cells using receptors that are unique to and highly expressed by different liver cell types. The outcome of such investigations will, undoubtedly, pave the way for future successful clinical trials.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Analysis of Device Parameters in 154 Patients during the Long‐Term XE5 Study (2001)

The data from this retrospective analysis indicate that device changes were not the primary determinant of increased efficacy at 12 months of long-term follow-up. In general, patients who remained on the original settings of 30 s on and 5 min off continued to respond or improve in their response over the 1-year period. However, some patients may benefit from reductions in off time (increases in duty cycle). In a subgroup initially resistant to VNS, a change in off time to < or = 1.1 min off did result in significant improvements in efficacy.
Content‐Based Colour Transfer (2013)

Abstract This paper presents a novel content‐based method for transferring the colour patterns between images. Unlike previous methods that rely on image colour statistics, our method puts an emphasis on high‐level scene content analysis. We first automatically extract the foreground subject areas and background scene layout from the scene. The semantic correspondences of the regions between source and target images are established. In the second step, the source image is re‐coloured in a novel optimization framework, which incorporates the extracted content information and the spatial distributions of the target colour styles. A new progressive transfer scheme is proposed to integrate the advantages of both global and local transfer algorithms, as well as avoid the over‐segmentation artefact in the result. Experiments show that with a better understanding of the scene contents, our method well preserves the spatial layout, the colour distribution and the visual coherence in the transfer process. As an interesting extension, our method can also be used to re‐colour video clips with spatially‐varied colour effects.
The Acetate Switch (2005)

To succeed, many cells must alternate between life-styles that permit rapid growth in the presence of abundant nutrients and ones that enhance survival in the absence of those nutrients. One such change in life-style, the "acetate switch," occurs as cells deplete their environment of acetate-producing carbon sources and begin to rely on their ability to scavenge for acetate. This review explains why, when, and how cells excrete or dissimilate acetate. The central components of the "switch" (phosphotransacetylase [PTA], acetate kinase [ACK], and AMP-forming acetyl coenzyme A synthetase [AMP-ACS]) and the behavior of cells that lack these components are introduced. Acetyl phosphate (acetyl approximately P), the high-energy intermediate of acetate dissimilation, is discussed, and conditions that influence its intracellular concentration are described. Evidence is provided that acetyl approximately P influences cellular processes from organelle biogenesis to cell cycle regulation and from biofilm development to pathogenesis. The merits of each mechanism proposed to explain the interaction of acetyl approximately P with two-component signal transduction pathways are addressed. A short list of enzymes that generate acetyl approximately P by PTA-ACKA-independent mechanisms is introduced and discussed briefly. Attention is then directed to the mechanisms used by cells to "flip the switch," the induction and activation of the acetate-scavenging AMP-ACS. First, evidence is presented that nucleoid proteins orchestrate a progression of distinct nucleoprotein complexes to ensure proper transcription of its gene. Next, the way in which cells regulate AMP-ACS activity through reversible acetylation is described. Finally, the "acetate switch" as it exists in selected eubacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, including humans, is described.
Cloned DNA probes specific for the intracellular Campylobacter-like organism of porcine proliferative enteritis (1991)

Although the etiology of porcine proliferative enteritis is not understood, the consistent presence of intracellular Campylobacter-like organisms (CLOs) in proliferating pig intestinal epithelial cells suggests that the organism is involved in the disease process. In order to obtain information about this organism, we generated and characterized specific DNA probes to the intracellular CLO which was purified without culturing. Intracellular CLOs were isolated from mucosa by homogenization, filtration, and absorption to wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose. The DNA was purified, and a CLO genomic library was constructed. The specificity of recombinant plasmids was confirmed by both dot blot hybridization and Southern analysis of normal and diseased mucosa, as well as of a variety of Campylobacter species. Several of the CLO-specific probes hybridized with porcine mucosa obtained from pigs with proliferative enteritis but not with nondiseased mucosa. The probes hybridized equally with mucosa or DNA obtained from each of the two clinical forms of proliferative enteritis, i.e., proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy and porcine intestinal adenomatosis. The CLO-specific probes failed to hybridize with any of the commonly isolated porcine Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter hyointestinalis, C. mucosalis, and C. coli. Therefore, the intracellular CLO of porcine proliferative enteritis may be an as yet unidentified or uncultured species.
Inhibition and dispersion of proteobacterial biofilms (2008)

A small molecule derived from a marine natural product with the ability to inhibit biofilm formation and also disperse established proteobacterial biofilms is presented.
Identification of the K efflux channel coupled to the gastric H-K-ATPase during acid secretion (2004)

Genomic microarray analysis of genes specifically expressed in a pure cell isolate from a heterocellular organ identified the likely K efflux channel associated with the gastric H-K-ATPase. The function of this channel is to supply K to the luminal surface of the pump to allow H for K exchange. KCNQ1-KCNE2 was the most highly expressed and significantly enriched member of the large variety of K channels expressed in the gastric epithelium. The function of this K channel in acid secretion was then shown by inhibition of secretion in isolated gastric glands with specific KCNQ inhibitors and by colocalization of the channel with the H-K-ATPase in the secretory canaliculus of the parietal cell. KCNQ1-KCNE2 appears to be the K efflux channel that is essential for gastric acid secretion.
Study on broadband millimeter wave oscillators (1989)

In this paper, the calculation of external circuit impedances looking outside from the active device in a millimeter wave oscillator cavity, as well as the optimal design of the bias coaxial-line filter, have been studied. Based on the theoretical study, Ka-band oscillators have been developed.
Systemic in vivo delivery of siRNA to tumours using combination of polyethyleneimine and transferrin–polyethyleneimine conjugates (2015)

Materials for delivery of oligonucleotides need to be simple to produce yet effective in vivo to be considered for clinical applications. Formulations of biomaterials based on combinations of existing demonstrated polymeric gene carriers with targeted derivatives are potential candidates for rapid translation but have not been fully explored for siRNA applications. Here we investigated formulations based on derivatised PEI for delivery of siRNA to gastrointestinal cancer cells. siRNA was complexed with linear PEI alone or with a mixture of linear PEI and transferrin-conjugated branched PEI (TfPEI), and knockdown of reporter genes was investigated. Overall, the in vitro use of complexes containing TfPEI resulted in up to 93% knockdown at 72 h post-transfection. Sustained knockdown was also achieved in a bioluminescent xenograft model. When complexes were delivered intratumorally, a 43% reduction in luminescence was achieved in the treated group compared with the control group 48 h after treatment. For systemic administration, only the intraperitoneal route, and not the intravenous route was effective, with 49% knockdown achieved at 72 h and sustained up to 144 h (44%) after a single administration of TfPEI-complexed siRNA. No toxicity or induction of the interferon response was observed. These findings demonstrate that simple formulations of transferrin-conjugated PEI with a 'parent' polymer such as linear PEI have potential as a method for therapeutic delivery of siRNA when administered either intratumorally or systemically.
Isotopically Coded Cleavable Cross-linker for Studying Protein-Protein Interaction and Protein Complexes (2005)

An emerging approach for studying protein-protein interaction in complexes is the combination of chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometric analysis of the cross-linked peptides (cross-links) obtained after proteolysis of the complex. This approach, however, has several challenges and limitations, including the difficulty of detecting the cross-links, the potential interference from non-informative "cross-linked peptides" (dead end and intrapeptide cross-links), and unambiguous identification of the cross-links by mass spectrometry. Thus, we have synthesized an isotopically coded ethylene glycol bis(succinimidylsuccinate) derivate (D12-EGS), which contains 12 deuterium atoms for easy detection of cross-links when applied in a 1:1 mixture with its H12 counterpart and is also cleavable for releasing the cross-linked peptides allowing unambiguous identification by MS sequencing. Moreover, hydrolytic cleavage permits rapid distinguishing between different types of cross-links. Cleavage of a dead end cross-link produces a doublet with peaks 4.03 Da apart, with the lower peak appearing at a molecular mass 162 Da lower than the mass of the H12 form of the original cross-linked peptide. Cleavage of an intrapeptide cross-link leads to a doublet 8.05 Da apart and 62 Da lower than the molecular mass of the H12 form of the original cross-linked peptide. Cleavage of an interpeptide cross-link forms a pair of 4.03-Da doublets, with the lower mass member of each pair each shifted up from its unmodified molecular weight by 82 Da because of the attached portion of the cross-linker. All of this information has been incorporated into a software algorithm allowing automatic screening and detection of cross-links and cross-link types in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectra. In summary, the ease of detection of these species through the use of an isotopically coded cleavable cross-linker and our software algorithm, followed by mass spectrometric sequencing of the cross-linked peptides after cleavage, has been shown to be a powerful tool for studies of multi-component protein complexes.
Ionic liquids as a class of materials for transdermal delivery and pathogen neutralization (2014)

Biofilm-protected microbial infections in skin are a serious health risk that remains to be adequately addressed. The lack of progress in developing effective treatment strategies is largely due to the transport barriers posed by the stratum corneum of the skin and the biofilm. In this work, we report on the use of Ionic Liquids (ILs) for biofilm disruption and enhanced antibiotic delivery across skin layers. We outline the syntheses of ILs, analysis of relevant physicochemical properties, and subsequent neutralization effects on two biofilm-forming pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. Further, the ILs were also examined for cytotoxicity, skin irritation, delivery of antibiotics through the skin, and treatment of biofilms in a wound model. Of the materials examined, choline-geranate emerged as a multipurpose IL with excellent antimicrobial activity, minimal toxicity to epithelial cells as well as skin, and effective permeation enhancement for drug delivery. Specifically, choline-geranate was comparable with, or more effective than, bleach treatment against established biofilms of S. enterica and P. aeruginosa, respectively. In addition, choline-geranate increased delivery of cefadroxil, an antibiotic, by >16-fold into the deep tissue layers of the skin without inducing skin irritation. The in vivo efficacy of choline-geranate was validated using a biofilm-infected wound model (>95% bacterial death after 2-h treatment). This work establishes the use of ILs for simultaneous enhancement of topical drug delivery and antibiotic activity.
An access control model for video database systems (2000)

Article An access control model for video database systems Share on Authors: Elisa Bertino Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico, 39/41 20135 Milano, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico, 39/41 20135 Milano, ItalyView Profile , Moustafa A. Hammad Department of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN Department of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, INView Profile , Walid G. Aref Department of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN Department of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, INView Profile , Ahmed K. Elmagarmid Department of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN Department of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, INView Profile Authors Info & Claims CIKM '00: Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Information and knowledge managementNovember 2000 Pages 336–343https://doi.org/10.1145/354756.354838Published:06 November 2000 25citation644DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations25Total Downloads644Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access