gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Content-based organization and visualization of music archives (2002)

With Islands of Music we present a system which facilitates exploration of music libraries without requiring manual genre classification. Given pieces of music in raw audio format we estimate their perceived sound similarities based on psychoacoustic models. Subsequently, the pieces are organized on a 2-dimensional map so that similar pieces are located close to each other. A visualization using a metaphor of geographic maps provides an intuitive interface where islands resemble genres or styles of music. We demonstrate the approach using a collection of 359 pieces of music.
Structure and Variability of Human Chromosome Ends (1990)

Mammalian telomeres are thought to be composed of a tandem array of TTAGGG repeats. To further define the type and arrangement of sequences at the ends of human chromosomes, we developed a direct cloning strategy for telomere-associated DNA. The method involves a telomere enrichment procedure based on the relative lack of restriction endonuclease cutting sites near the ends of human chromosomes. Nineteen (TTAGGG)n-bearing plasmids were isolated, two of which contain additional human sequences proximal to the telomeric repeats. These telomere-flanking sequences detect BAL 31-sensitive loci and thus are located close to chromosome ends. One of the flanking regions is part of a subtelomeric repeat that is present at 10 to 25% of the chromosome ends in the human genome. This sequence is not conserved in rodent DNA and therefore should be a helpful tool for physical characterization of human chromosomes in human-rodent hybrid cell lines; some of the chromosomes that may be analyzed in this manner have been identified, i.e., 7, 16, 17, and 21. The minimal size of the subtelomeric repeat is 4 kilobases (kb); it shows a high frequency of restriction fragment length polymorphisms and undergoes extensive de novo methylation in somatic cells. Distal to the subtelomeric repeat, the chromosomes terminate in a long region (up to 14 kb) that may be entirely composed of TTAGGG repeats. This terminal segment is unusually variable. Although sperm telomeres are 10 to 14 kb long, telomeres in somatic cells are several kilobase pairs shorter and very heterogeneous in length. Additional telomere reduction occurs in primary tumors, indicating that somatic telomeres are unstable and may continuously lose sequences from their termini.
Expression of protein F, the fibronectin-binding protein of Streptococcus pyogenes JRS4, in heterologous streptococcal and enterococcal strains promotes their adherence to respiratory epithelial cells (1992)

In a previous study we reported the identification of protein F, a fibronectin-binding protein that was essential to the ability of Streptococcus pyogenes JRS4 to adhere to respiratory epithelial cells (E. Hanski and M. Caparon, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:6172-6176, 1992). To further evaluate the role of protein F in the adherence of the group A streptococci, we screened other group A streptococcal strains, including six recent clinical isolates, and one strain of Enterococcus faecalis for their capacity to bind fibronectin and for the presence of the gene encoding protein F (prtF). Seven of eight group A streptococcal strains analyzed, including all recent clinical isolates, both bound fibronectin at high affinity and contained DNA sequences that hybridized with a prtF-specific probe. One group A streptococcal isolate and the strain of E. faecalis examined neither contained a prtF-related gene nor bound fibronectin. These two strains also could not efficiently adhere to respiratory epithelial cells. However, upon the introduction of the cloned prtF gene, both of these strains gained the capacity to bind fibronectin and to adhere to respiratory epithelial cells. These results suggest that protein F is an important adhesin, which may have a general role in the virulence of the group A streptococci.
Did the debt crisis or declining oil prices cause Mexico's investment collapse? (1993)

The author proposes and estimates a microeconomic investment model to determine the relative importance of three explanations for Mexico's investment decline in the early 1980s: the decline in oil prices; the termination of capital inflows; and the effects of debt overhang and uncertainty. He uses investment data for private industries between 1981 and 1985, which have yet to be used in addressing the question under discussion. The data indicate that the main microeconomic mechanism driving the decline in investment was a rise in the relative price of investment goods - especially the relative price of machinery (a traded good in Mexico). Moreover, the decline in trade (driven by falling world oil prices) explains much of the increase in this relative price. The decline in Mexico's international terms of trade was probably the most important ultimate cause of the increased relative cost of machinery, but the reversal in net capital inflows to Mexico probably also played a role in increasing this relative price. On this point, the evidence is not as clear. After controlling for these effects, the author finds little evidence that the effects of debt overhang and uncertainty had much to do with the investment decline. The author points out that investment in Texas and Louisiana (which were also riding the oil boom of 1973-81) also fell in 1981-86, and adverse commodity price shocks also affected many other heavily indebted countries. At the very least, commodity price shocks (such as Mexico's decline in oil prices) as a direct cause of declining investment levels in the 1980s have been insufficiently emphasized in the literature on the effects of the international debt crisis.
Evaluation of the reinforcing and discriminative stimulus properties of the low-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate channel blocker memantine. (1998)

Memantine (MEM) is currently in clinical use in Europe for the treatment of various neurological disorders. It is a low-affinity channel blocker of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors whose voltage-dependent, rapid binding kinetics are believed to limit its phencyclidine (PCP)-like side effects. MEM, and its analog amantadine (AMA), which has also been demonstrated to have some NMDA antagonist activity, were evaluated for PCP-like behavioral effects. The discriminative stimulus properties of MEM and AMA were tested in monkeys and rats trained to discriminate PCP from saline using a standard two-lever drug discrimination paradigm under a fixed ratio (FR) schedule of food reinforcement. In rats, MEM resulted in a dose-dependent substitution for PCP; however, full substitution occurred only at response rate suppressing doses. AMA failed to substitute for PCP at any dose tested. For MEM, all four monkeys showed complete substitution for PCP at doses which did not greatly decrease rates of responding. Conversely, AMA occasioned little or no responding on the PCP-associated level in any of the subjects. Intravenous self-administration of MEM and AMA was tested under a FR schedule of reinforcement in four monkeys trained to lever press for infusions of PCP. MEM served as a reinforcer in all subjects at one or more doses tested. For two of the subjects, at least one dose of AMA maintained rates of self-administration above those for saline. For both MEM and AMA, maximal response rates were considerably lower than with PCP self-administration and both drugs were much less potent in monkeys than would be predicted from rodent studies. The data show that MEM shares discriminative stimulus effects with PCP under these testing conditions, whereas the chemically similar compound AMA does not. MEM also serves as a positive reinforcer in rhesus monkeys, whereas AMA can serve as a weak reinforcer in only some subjects. Both AMA and MEM are reported to function as NMDA antagonists, yet clear differences exist in their behavioral effects with MEM acting more like a PCP-like antagonist. In addition, despite the rapid channel kinetics of MEM's NMDA receptor blockade, it may have some PCP-like abuse potential in humans at doses above the normal therapeutic levels.
Extremely Thermophilic and Thermostable 5′‐Methylthioadenosine Phosphorylase from the Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus (1996)

A gene encoding an extremely thermophilic and thermostable 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase was cloned from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Two degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes synthesized on the basis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein were used to screen a genomic library of S. solfataricus cloned into the pGEM7Zf(+) vector. The DNA fragment of 2118 bp containing the 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase gene was sequenced. The open reading frame comprises 711 nucleotides, which includes the stop codon, and encodes a protein of 236 residues whose molecular mass is in good agreement with the value determined by gel filtration for the purified enzyme. The N- and C-terminal sequences of the protein and the sequences of the peptides prepared by cyanogen bromide cleavage exactly match with the corresponding sequences deduced from the gene, thus confirming the identity of the 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase gene. Typical archaebacterial regulatory sites were identified in the flanking regions and a potential Shine-Dalgarno-like sequence was recognized around the ATG initiation codon. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 32% identity and 30% identity with Escherichia coli purine-nucleoside phosphorylase and with E, coli uridine phosphorylase, respectively. Evolutionary and structural implications of this similarity are discussed.
Nuclear and cytoplasmic sites for anti-sense control (1989)

In transgenic tobacco, anti-sense control of the chimaeric bar (bialophos resistance) gene is manifested by a reduced bar transcript level and a reduced synthesis of bar translational product (PAT, phosphinothricin acetyl transferase) per transcript (1). This study shows that the anti-bar gene controls the transcript level and the translation efficiency of the bar mRNA through independent events and at different cellular sites. On the basis of these results a model for the mechanism of anti-sense control is proposed.
Nitrincola lacisaponensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from an alkaline, saline lake (2005)

A novel alkaliphilic bacterium, strain 4CAT, was isolated from decomposing wood taken from the shore of Soap Lake, a saline, alkaline lake in Grant County, WA, USA. Cells of the isolate were Gram-negative, asporogenous, short, motile rods that utilized only a limited range of organic acids as sole carbon and energy sources. In addition to oxygen, the strain possessed the ability to reduce in the presence of acetate. Strain 4CAT was oxidase- and catalase-positive; it degraded Tween 60, but not DNA, urea, gelatin or starch. It grew at pH values from 7.5 to 11.0, with optimum growth occurring at pH 9.0, and growth was observed in NaCl concentrations of 0.2-1.3 M, with optimum growth at 0.8 M NaCl. The optimum temperature for growth was 37 degrees C. Strain 4CAT was resistant to erythromycin, bacitracin, novobiocin, polymyxin B, neomycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, carbenicillin, rifampicin and tetracycline, and was susceptible to nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and penicillin. The isolate's 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that it belonged to the gamma-Proteobacteria, showing 90-94 % similarity to its closest relatives. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic inferences placed strain 4CAT within a novel lineage related to the marine bacterial genera Neptunomonas and Marinobacterium. The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 47.4 mol%. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic characterization, it was concluded that strain 4CAT should be placed in a separate taxon as a novel genus and species, with the proposed name Nitrincola lacisaponensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is 4CAT (=ATCC BAA-920T=DSM 16316T).
Anabaptism and eastern orthodoxy: some unexpected similarities (1994)

L'anabaptisme envisage comme l'aile gauche de la Reforme a souvent ete considere comme le precurseur d'un monde secularise moderne critique par l'orthodoxie. On peut comprendre l'anabaptisme comme l'expression d'une impulsion ascetique qui trouve sa source dans le monachisme cenobitique oriental. A l'instar de l'orthodoxie, l'anabaptisme insiste sur la redemption comprise comme divinisation, l'anthropologie theocentrique, l'Eglise comme temoignage et manifestation visible de la destinee transcendentale de l'humanite
Venous Thrombosis during Pregnancy: Leg and Trimester of Presentation (1992)

In order to determine the relative frequencies of left and right leg venous thrombosis during pregnancy and the frequencies of venous thrombosis during the three trimesters, a cohort study of 60 consecutive patients with a first episode of venous thrombosis during pregnancy was performed. Fifty-eight women had isolated left leg thrombosis, two patients had bilateral venous thrombosis and no patient had isolated right leg venous thrombosis. Thirteen patients had venous thrombosis during the first trimester (21.7%), 28 during the second trimester (46.7%) and 19 during the third trimester (31.7%). These findings indicate that patients with symptoms in the right leg rarely have venous thrombosis. Because leg pain and swelling occur most frequently during the third trimester but venous thrombosis is relatively equally distributed during all three trimesters, patients presenting earlier during pregnancy are more likely to have venous thrombosis than patients presenting later during pregnancy.
Erythropoietin Stimulates Proliferation of Rat-Cultured Gastric Mucosal Cells (1996)

Most anemic patients with chronic renal failure have gastric mucosal lesions. However, these gastric lesions are often improved after the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). We have used the rat gastric mucosal cell line RGM-1, to examine the possibility that rHuEPO might directly stimulate the growth of gastric mucosal cells in vitro. Our results show that rHuEPO dose-dependently increased [3H]thymidine incorporation into RGM-1 cells and their expression of c-myc gene. In addition, 125I-rHuEPO specifically bound to RGM-1 cells, and moreover, erythropoietin receptor gene expression was detected by RT-PCR. We conclude that rHuEPO has a direct growth-promoting effect on RGM-1 cells, suggesting possible usefulness of rHuEPO administration for the treatment of gastric mucosal damage in patients with chronic renal failure.
Environmentally compatible synthesis of adipic acid from D-glucose (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnvironmentally compatible synthesis of adipic acid from D-glucoseKaren M. Draths and John W. FrostCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1, 399–400Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00080a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00080a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3743Altmetric-Citations256LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of Insulin Resistance in A-ZIP/F-1 Fatless Mice (2000)

Insulin resistance is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and may be related to alterations in fat metabolism. Fatless mice have been created using dominant-negative protein (A-ZIP/F-1) targeted gene expression in the adipocyte and shown to develop diabetes. To understand the mechanism responsible for the insulin resistance in these mice, we conducted hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in awake fatless and wild type littermates before the development of diabetes and examined insulin action and signaling in muscle and liver. We found the fatless mice to be severely insulin-resistant, which could be attributed to defects in insulin action in muscle and liver. Both of these abnormalities were associated with defects in insulin activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and -2-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and a 2-fold increase in muscle and liver triglyceride content. We also show that upon transplantation of fat tissue into these mice, triglyceride content in muscle and liver returned to normal as does insulin signaling and action. In conclusion, these results suggest that the development of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes may be due to alterations in the partitioning of fat between the adipocyte and muscle/liver leading to accumulation of triglyceride in the latter tissues with subsequent impairment of insulin signaling and action.
Improved binding of adenine by a synthetic receptor (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved binding of adenine by a synthetic receptorSteven C. Zimmerman and Zijian ZengCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 16, 4789–4791Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00303a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00303a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views733Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peptide-Mediated Constructs of Quantum Dot Nanocomposites for Enzymatic Control of Nonradiative Energy Transfer (2011)

A bottom-up approach for constructing colloidal semiconductor quantum dot (QDot) nanocomposites that facilitate nonradiative Förster-type resonance energy transfer (FRET) using polyelectrolyte peptides was proposed and realized. The electrostatic interaction of these polypeptides with altering chain lengths was probed for thermodynamic, structural, and morphological aspects. The resulting nanocomposite film was successfully cut with the protease by digesting the biomimetic peptide layer upon which the QDot assembly was constructed. The ability to control photoluminescence decay lifetime was demonstrated by proteolytic enzyme activity, opening up new possibilities for biosensor applications.
Laguerre-Gaussian modes in a double-end-pumped microchip laser: superposition and competition (2001)

A double-end-pumped microchip laser is developed to investigate the superposition and competition of the Laguerre-Gassian (LG) modes. It is found that two LG modes can be directly superposed when the excited regions are well separated. Conversely, when the inversion populations have a considerable overlap, strong competition occurs between LG modes. The experimental result is generally consistent with the theoretical prediction for cylindrically symmetric class B lasers.
Calpain and Calpastatin are Located Between the Plasma Membrane and Outer Acrosomal Membrane of Cynomolgus Macaque Spermatozoa (2000)

Mammalian sperm must undergo an acrosome reaction prior to penetration of the zona pellucida and subsequent fusion with an oocyte. Sperm gain the capability to acrosome react after a period of capacitation, which primarily involves biochemical changes in the sperm membranes. The morphological events of the acrosome reaction have been well-documented, but the underlying cellular mechanisms that regulate capacitation and the acrosome reaction remain unclear. Antibodies to the 2 ubiquitous calpains, mu and m, as well as the small subunit, which associates with both calpains, were localized at the ultrastructural level to the region between the plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane of cynomolgus macaque sperm. After the acrosome reaction, all of the anti-calpain antibodies labeled the acrosomal shroud, suggesting that calpains are located throughout the cytoplasmic area between the 2 outer sperm membranes. Calpastatin is an endogenous modulator of calpain activity and is also localized within the same cytoplasmic region as calpains. The antibodies used for ultrastructural localization were also used to probe Western blots of sperm extracts. Antibodies to either the mu- or m-calpain recognized an 80-kd protein, which is similar to the molecular weights of other ubiquitous calpains described. The small subunit (30 kd) was also recognized with a specific monoclonal antibody. An antibody to calpastatin recognized a major band at 78 kd and a lighter band at 45 kd, while the antibody to the testis-specific isoform of calpastatin (TCAST) recognized a 110-kd protein. We hypothesize that this cysteine protease system may be functional in cynomolgus macaque sperm during capacitation, the acrosome reaction, or both.
A new class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists that inhibit growth of breast cancer cells: 1,1-Bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-substituted phenyl)methanes. (2004)

1,1-Bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)methane (DIM-C-pPhCF(3)) and several p-substituted phenyl analogues have been investigated as a new class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists. Structure-activity studies in PPARgamma-dependent transactivation assays in MCF-7 breast cancer cells show that 5-20 micro M concentrations of compounds containing p-trifluoromethyl, t-butyl, cyano, dimethylamino, and phenyl groups were active, whereas p-methyl, hydrogen, methoxy, hydroxyl, or halogen groups were inactive as PPARgamma agonists. Induction of PPARgamma-dependent transactivation by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) and DIM-C-pPhCF(3) was inhibited in MCF-7 cells cotreated with the PPARgamma-specific antagonist N-(4'-aminopyridyl)-2-chloro-5-nitrobenzamide. In mammalian two-hybrid assays, DIM-C-pPhCF(3) and PGJ2 (5-20 micro M) induced interactions of PPARgamma with steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) 1, SRC2 (TIFII), and thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 220 but not with SRC3 (AIB1). In contrast, DIM-C-pPhCF(3), but not PGJ2, induced interactions of PPARgamma with PPARgamma coactivator-1. C-substituted diindolylmethanes inhibit carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumor growth, induce differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, inhibit MCF-7 cell growth and G(0)/G(1)-S phase progression, induce apoptosis, and down-regulate cyclin D1 protein and estrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer cells. These compounds are a novel class of synthetic PPARgamma agonists that induce responses in MCF-7 cells similar to those observed for PGJ2.