gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hidden Markov model based keyword recognition system (2002)

A speaker-independent hidden Markov model (HMM) keyword recognizer (KWR) based on a continuous-speech-recognition model is presented. The baseline keyword recognition system is described, and techniques for dealing with nonkeyword speech and linear channel effects are discussed. The training of acoustic models to provide an explicit representation of nonvocabulary speech is investigated. A likelihood ratio scoring procedure is used to account for sources of variability affecting keyword likelihood scores. An acoustic class-dependent spectral normalization procedure is used to provide explicit compensation for linear channel effects. Keyword recognition results for a standard conversational speech task with a 20-keyword vocabulary reach 82% probability of detection at a false alarm rate of 12 false alarms per keyword per hour.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Immunotherapy for Prostatic Cancer (1975)

Previous attempts of immunotherapy and a rationale basis for the prospective consideration of various approaches of prophylactic and therapeutic immunization for the patient with prostatic cancer are presented.
Increased Expression of Periostin in Vitreous and Fibrovascular Membranes Obtained from Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (2011)

These findings indicate that periostin may be involved in the development of FVMs.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Capable of de Novo Pantothenic Acid Biosynthesis Involving a Novel Pathway of β-Alanine Production from Spermine (2001)

Pantothenic acid and beta-alanine are metabolic intermediates in coenzyme A biosynthesis. Using a functional screen in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a putative amine oxidase, encoded by FMS1, was found to be rate-limiting for beta-alanine and pantothenic acid biosynthesis. Overexpression of FMS1 caused excess pantothenic acid to be excreted into the medium, whereas deletion mutants required beta-alanine or pantothenic acid for growth. Furthermore, yeast genes ECM31 and YIL145c, which both have structural homology to genes of the bacterial pantothenic acid pathway, were also required for pantothenic acid biosynthesis. The homology of FMS1 to FAD-containing amine oxidases and its role in beta-alanine biosynthesis suggested that its substrates are polyamines. Indeed, we found that all the enzymes of the polyamine pathway in yeast are necessary for beta-alanine biosynthesis; spe1Delta, spe2Delta, spe3Delta, and spe4Delta are all beta-alanine auxotrophs. Thus, contrary to previous reports, yeast is naturally capable of pantothenic acid biosynthesis, and the beta-alanine is derived from methionine via a pathway involving spermine. These findings should facilitate the identification of further enzymes and biochemical pathways involved in polyamine degradation and pantothenic acid biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae and raise questions about these pathways in other organisms.
High-Throughput RNAi Screening Reveals Novel Regulators of Telomerase (2011)

Telomerase is considered an attractive anticancer target on the basis of its common and specific activation in most human cancers. While direct telomerase inhibition is being explored as a therapeutic strategy, alternative strategies to target regulators of telomerase that could disrupt telomere maintenance and cancer cell proliferation are not yet available. Here, we report the findings of a high-throughput functional RNA interference screen to globally profile the contribution of kinases to telomerase activity (TA). This analysis identified a number of novel telomerase modulators, including ERK8 kinase, whose inhibition reduces TA and elicited characteristics of telomere dysfunction. Given that kinases represent attractive drug targets, we addressed the therapeutic implications of our findings, such as demonstrating how limiting TA via kinase blockade could sensitize cells to inhibition of the telomere-associated protein tankyrase. Taken together, our findings suggest novel combinatorial approaches to targeting telomere maintenance as a strategy for cancer therapy.
In‐situ Sampling of a Large‐Scale Particle Simulation for Interactive Visualization and Analysis (2011)

Abstract We describe a simulation‐time random sampling of a large‐scale particle simulation, the RoadRunner Universe MC 3 cosmological simulation, for interactive post‐analysis and visualization. Simulation data generation rates will continue to be far greater than storage bandwidth rates by many orders of magnitude. This implies that only a very small fraction of data generated by a simulation can ever be stored and subsequently post‐analyzed. The limiting factors in this situation are similar to the problem in many population surveys: there aren't enough human resources to query a large population. To cope with the lack of resources, statistical sampling techniques are used to create a representative data set of a large population. Following this analogy, we propose to store a simulation‐time random sampling of the particle data for post‐analysis, with level‐of‐detail organization, to cope with the bottlenecks. A sample is stored directly from the simulation in a level‐of‐detail format for post‐visualization and analysis, which amortizes the cost of post‐processing and reduces workflow time. Additionally by sampling during the simulation, we are able to analyze the entire particle population to record full population statistics and quantify sample error.
E1a revisited: the case for multiple cooperative trans-activation domains. (1991)

Products encoded in the E1a oncogene of adenoviruses are required to activate transcription of all viral early genes and some cellular genes. A current interpretation of experimental data supports the hypothesis that this "trans-activation" is mediated solely by a block of amino acids known as conserved domain 3, which is unique to the largest E1a protein, while the remaining E1a protein sequences contain discrete domains required for functions other than trans-activation. However, there is also considerable evidence inconsistent with this simple model of E1a structure and function. Both of the major E1a proteins appear to participate in trans-activation by three different types of interaction with cellular transcription factors and other regulatory proteins. In this review we attempt to rationalize the experimental data and provide a more integrated view of E1a structure and function.
Hydrogen-related complexes as the stressing species in high-fluence, hydrogen-implanted, single-crystal silicon (1992)

This work is devoted to the characterization of the Si:H system obtained by high-fluence, low-energy, hydrogen implantation into single-crystal silicon. The implanted hydrogen profile and the ones resulting after thermal annealing in the range 100--800 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C are detected by secondary-ion mass spectrometry and elastic-recoil detection analysis. The displacement field in the crystal, measured by channeling Rutherford-backscattering spectrometry, is found to depend on the direct radiation damage, the extended defects formed after ion implantation (revealed by transmission electron microscopy), and the implanted species. The contribution to the displacement field due to hydrogen-related defects has a characteristic ``reverse annealing'' in the range 100--400 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, essentially due to their formation kinetics.
Non-destructive optical characterization of fruits in the red and near infrared. (1999)

Increasing attention is being paid to the possible development of non-invasive tests for the assessment of the quality of Fruits. We propose a novel non-destructive method for the measurement of the internal optical properties of fruits and vegetables by means of lime-resolved reflectance spectroscopy in the visible and NIR range. A Fully automated instrumentation for time-resolved reflectance measurements was developed. It is based on mode-locked laser sources and electronics for time-correlated single photon counting, and provides a time-resolution of 120-160 ps. The system was used to probe the optical properties of several species and varieties of Fruits and vegetables in the red and NIR range (650-1000 nm). In most Fruits, the absorption line shape is dominated by the absorption peak of water, centred around 970 nm. Generally, the absorption spectra also show the spectral features typical of chlorophyll, with maximum at 675 nm. In particular, for what concerns apples, variations in peak intensity are observed depending on the variety, the degree of ripeness as well as the position on the apple. For all the species and varieties considered, the transport scattering coefficient decreases progressively upon increasing the wavelength.
Electron beam heating effects during environmental scanning electron microscopy imaging of water condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces (2011)

Superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) show promise as promoters of dropwise condensation. Droplets with diameters below ∼10 μm account for the majority of the heat transferred during dropwise condensation but their growth dynamics on SHS have not been systematically studied. Due to the complex topography of the surface environmental scanning electron microscopy is the preferred method for observing the growth dynamics of droplets in this size regime. By studying electron beam heating effects on condensed water droplets we establish a magnification limit below which the heating effects are negligible and use this insight to study the mechanism of individual drop growth.
Diagnostic Accuracy for Lupus and Other Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in the Community Setting (2004)

Many patients with a positive antinuclear antibody test are incorrectly given a diagnosis of SLE and sometimes treated with toxic medications. The data support the importance of continuing medical education for community physicians in screening for autoimmune diseases and identifying patients who may benefit from early referral to a specialist.
Does tryptophan intercalate in DNA? A comparative study of peptide binding to alternating and non-alternating A.cntdot.T sequences (1987)

The interactions of a tetrapeptide, lysyltryptophylglycyllysine tert-butyl ester (KWGK), with synthetic double-stranded polynucleotides [poly(dA).poly(dT), poly[d(A-T)], poly(rA).poly(dT), and poly(rA).poly(rU)], Escherichia coli DNA, and single-stranded polynucleotides [poly(rA), poly(rU), poly(dA), and poly(dT)] were studied in a low-salt buffer by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. From fluorescence quenching data, we determined the two binding constants K1 and K2 of the two-step mechanism previously proposed for lysyltryptophyllysine binding to polynucleotides [Brun, F., Toulmé, J.J., & Hélène, C. (1975) Biochemistry 14, 558-563]. The first complex (PN)1 is purely due to electrostatic interactions between the lysyl residues and the phosphate groups. The second complex (PN)2 involves an additional stacking of the indole moiety of the tryptophyl residue with the bases (or base pairs) of the polynucleotide and is in equilibrium with (PN)1. K2 measures the ratio of the concentrations of stacked and unstacked complexes. The fluorescence decay of the tryptophyl residue in KWGK was not significantly different in the presence and in the absence of double-stranded polynucleotides in agreement with the previous model, which assumes total quenching of tryptophan fluorescence in complex (PN)2 and identical fluorescence characteristics for free KWGK and complex (PN)1. The stacking of the tryptophyl residue with A.T base pairs in alternating poly[d(A-T)] was found to be 10 times more efficient than that with nonalternating poly(dA).poly(dT). Among A-T-containing double-stranded polynucleotides, poly(rA).poly(dT) was found to be the most favorable for tryptophan stacking. A similar behavior was previously demonstrated for several intercalating agents such as ethidium bromide, propidium iodide, and daunomycin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genetic testing in colorectal cancer: who, when, how and why (2007)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most prevalent and preventable forms of cancer worldwide, accounting for over 600,000 deaths in 2005. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to cancer etiology and estimates suggest that at least one third of CRC has a familial component. There is increased awareness of a strong genetic component to CRC risk, with the identification of several high penetrance alleles that predict increased CRC susceptibility. These include familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), linked to mutations or deletions of the APC tumor suppressor gene, as well as Lynch syndrome (formerly known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer or HNPCC), which is linked to mutations or deletions of one or more mismatch repair genes including MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6. In addition, mutations in genes encoding key signaling molecules have been linked to autosomal dominant hamartomatous syndromes that are associated with increased susceptibility to CRC. These include Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, which is linked to mutations in STK11/LKB and Juvenile polyposis, which is linked to mutations in the genes encoding SMAD4 and BMPR1A. In addition to these high penetrance autosomal dominant alleles, recessive mutations in the MYH mismatch repair gene are associated with a phenotype similar to FAP. With the widespread availability of genetic testing for these alleles, physicians will be faced with a complex array of choices in terms of advocating who should be tested, when should such testing take place, how it should be conducted and interpreted and why it changes the management and outcomes for the patient and his or her family.
Further Improvements in Isomerization of Olefins in Solvent-Free Conditions (1993)

Abstract Isomerization of safrole and ethyleugenol are performed quasi-quantitatively within 5 minutes at 80°C using KOH or KOtBu and catalytic amount of transfer agent in the absence of solvent. Transfer agent can be avoided in the case of KOtBu with eventually increase in reaction time. Isolated yields of 99% are obtained from 10 g of materials.
Chemical mapping of the colorectal cancer microenvironment via MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MSI) reveals novel cancer‐associated field effects (2013)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-MSI) is a rapidly advancing technique for intact tissue analysis that allows simultaneous localisation and quantification of biomolecules in different histological regions of interest. This approach can potentially offer novel insights into tumour microenvironmental (TME) biochemistry. In this study we employed MALDI-MSI to evaluate fresh frozen sections of colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue and adjacent healthy mucosa obtained from 12 consenting patients undergoing surgery for confirmed CRC. Specifically, we sought to address three objectives: (1) To identify biochemical differences between different morphological regions within the CRC TME; (2) To characterise the biochemical differences between cancerous and healthy colorectal tissue using MALDI-MSI; (3) To determine whether MALDI-MSI profiling of tumour-adjacent tissue can identify novel metabolic 'field effects' associated with cancer. Our results demonstrate that CRC tissue harbours characteristic phospholipid signatures compared with healthy tissue and additionally, different tissue regions within the CRC TME reveal distinct biochemical profiles. Furthermore we observed biochemical differences between tumour-adjacent and tumour-remote healthy mucosa. We have referred to this 'field effect', exhibited by the tumour locale, as cancer-adjacent metaboplasia (CAM) and this finding builds on the established concept of field cancerisation.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors and immunomodulation (1999)

Intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotide second messengers are regulated predominantly by the complex superfamily of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular pharmacology of these enzymes has led to their identification as biologic regulators of certain disease states and the development of isozyme-selective inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents. A large body of in vitro and preclinical data suggests the therapeutic utility of PDE4 inhibitors as potent anti-inflammatory agents. Early clinical trials with selective PDE inhibitors substantiate this approach while highlighting pharmacodynamic and toxicologic pitfalls inherent to the inhibition of specific PDE isozymes. This commentary will review our current understanding of PDE inhibitors as immunomodulatory agents.
Ketoconazole-Induced Reduction in Serum 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D* (1986)

The antimycotic agent ketoconazole is known to inhibit several cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones from cholesterol. Since 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is also a sterol synthesized by cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes, we assessed whether ketoconazole would lower serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. In nine normal men, administration of ketoconazole for 1 week in doses of 300-1200 mg/day led to a dose-dependent reduction in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels (r = -0.64; P less than 0.001). At the highest dose taken by each man (1200 mg/day in six, 900 mg/day in one, and 600 mg/day in two), serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D fell significantly compared to baseline [14 +/- 1 (+/- SEM) vs. 39 +/- 3 pg/ml; P less than 0.001), but there was no change in serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, PTH, calcium, phosphate, or alkaline phosphatase. Ketoconazole may be potentially useful in exploring the pathogenetic role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in disorders of calcium metabolism and in treatment of patients with hypercalcemic disorders or renal stone disease.
In vitro evaluation of avidin antibody pretargeting using 211At‐labeled and biotinylated poly‐L‐lysine as effector molecule (2010)

The high binding of effector molecules to cells demonstrates a proof of concept for the synthesized molecules and pretargeting system, which will be further evaluated in vivo in future studies.
EphA2 as a target for ovarian cancer therapy (2005)

EphA2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed by many human cancers, and is often associated with poor prognostic features. It is involved in many processes crucial to malignant progression, such as migration, invasion, metastasis, proliferation, survival and angiogenesis. Inducing EphA2 downregulation by any one of several mechanisms (antibody-mediated inhibition of signalling, antibody-mediated downregulation of total EphA2 expression and siRNA-mediated inhibition of expression) has been shown to decrease tumour growth, prolong survival and inhibit angiogenesis in multiple preclinical models of ovarian, breast and pancreatic cancer. Targeting EphA2 is especially attractive in ovarian cancer, in which overexpression is present in > 75% of cases. This disease is highly responsive to chemotherapy, and EphA2 inhibition is especially effective in combination with taxanes. This demonstrated efficacy, along with the low expression of EphA2 by normal adult tissues and lack of demonstrable toxicities in preclinical models, suggest that long-term treatment with EphA2-targeting agents is an attractive approach for ovarian cancer therapy.
Acute Amelioration of Diabetic Endothelial Dysfunction with a Derivative of the Nitric Oxide Synthase Cofactor, Tetrahydrobiopterin (1997)

Tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor for nitric oxide synthase. In low concentrations of this cofactor, nitric oxide synthase is known to produce less nitric oxide and, correspondingly, enhanced quantities of the oxidant species, hydrogen peroxide. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an exogenous tetrahydrobiopterin derivative might improve endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in diabetic endothelium. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with intravenous injections of streptozotocin. After 8 weeks, endothelium-dependent relaxation was assessed in aortic rings by using acetylcholine, whereas endothelium-independent relaxation was assessed by using nitroglycerin. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was impaired in diabetic rings, whereas nitroglycerin-induced relaxation was unimpaired. Exposure of rings for 30 min with 100 microM of the pteridine derivative, 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin (in the presence of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid to inhibit oxidation), followed by washing and equilibration in control media, augmented relaxation induced by acetylcholine in diabetic rings but had no effect on relaxation in control rings. Pteridine exposure did not alter relaxation or sensitivity to nitroglycerin in control rings either with or without endothelium. In diabetic rings, pteridine exposure augmented maximal relaxation to nitroglycerin in rings with or without endothelium while increasing the sensitivity only in rings with endothelium but not in rings without endothelium. In contrast, there was no effect of pteridine exposure on relaxation or sensitivity to nitroglycerin in diabetic rings (with or without endothelium) that are pretreated with L-nitroarginine. In summary, tetrahydrobiopterin availability can play a key role in the regulation of nitric oxide production by diabetic endothelium.
Monoterpenoids as Repellents against the German Cockroach (<i>Blattella germanica</i> L.) (1983)

62種のモノテルペノイドのチャバネゴキブリに対する忌避性を, 試験管法およびビーカー法を用いて調べた. その結果, 鎖状モノテルペノイドでは (-)-linalool および nerol に, 単環状モノテルペノイドでは (-)-carvone, (+)-pulegone, (+)-isopulegol および (+)-pulegol に強い嗅覚的忌避性を認めた. しかし, 双環状モノテルペノイドおよびイソプロピル基を有していない単環状モノテルペノイドでは弱い忌避性のみを認めた.なお, モノテルペノイドの化学構造と忌避性との関係については, 分子の大きさ, かたち, 蒸気圧との明らかな相関性を認めなかったが, 官能基の種類およびその位置との間に明らかな相関性を認めた. すなわち, 単環状モノテルペノイドにおいてシクロヘキサン環の4位のイソプロピル基および1位のメチル基, C1・C2, C1・C6, C4・C8およびC8・C9の二重結合, 3位および8位の水酸基などの官能基群が, 活性増大に寄与しているとわかった. とくに, 4位のイソプロピル基の立体配置が, 活性増大に大きく寄与していると考えられる. 一方, 水酸基をアセチル化すると, 活性が著しく低下することを認めた.また, 鎖状モノテルペノイドにおいても, 活性に対し官能基に同一傾向を認め, 単環状モノテルペノイドとともに, 触角の化学受容器に対し同一の相互作用をして, 活性が発現していると推定された.
The Restitution Portrait: (2004)

The restitution portrait allows a more comprehensive assessment of cardiac dynamics than methods used to date. Further study of models with memory may result in a clinical criterion for electrical instability.
Presence of Donor- and Recipient-derived DNA in Cell-free Urine Samples of Renal Transplantation Recipients: Urinary DNA Chimerism (1999)

Our results demonstrate that urinary DNA chimerism is present following renal transplantation. The measurement of urinary DNA using quantitative PCR may be useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of graft rejection.
Pineal Melatonin in Schizophrenia: A Review and Hypothesis (1990)

It has long been suggested that abnormal functions of the pineal gland may be implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We present evidence proposing that diminished melatonin secretion may be associated with the pathophysiology of a subgroup of schizophrenic patients characterized by cerebral atrophy and ventricular enlargement, negative symptoms, impaired cognitive and psychosexual development, onset at pubescence, poor response to neuroleptic medication, and possible increased risk of extrapyramidal symptoms. This view holds that a subnormal plasma melatonin level may be a marker of a subgroup of schizophrenia and may also denote a specific genetic susceptibility.
24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Vitamin D Status of Community-Dwelling Black and White Americans (2015)

Our results provide further evidence that measurement of total 25D for assessment of vitamin D status in patients of African descent deserves reevaluation and suggest that alternative measures such as VMR should be considered.
[Expression of nm23-H1 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its relation to tumor metastasis]. (1999)

The results suggested that nm23-H1 protein play an important role in the suppression of the metastasis of OSCC, and that determining the expression level of nm23-H1 protein may help us prognose the metastasis of OSCC.