gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Test-driving CARs (2008)

mechanisms control the balance between c-Mpl degradation/recycling? What contribution does c-Mpl internalization make to the TPO proliferative signal? What would be the biological impact of the c-Mpl Y 78 and Y 8 mutations in primary cells? To what extent are Y mutations linked to the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative diseases? Investigating these questions should help us to understand the interplay between the actors controlling the TPO/c-Mpl scenario.
DIFFERENTIAL RELEASE OF INTERLEUKINES 6, 8, AND 10 IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND PLASMA AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (2001)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by a high mortality which is largely determined by the initial cerebral trauma, secondary brain injury or indirectly during a Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS). Therefore, we analyzed IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in plasma with respect to blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in 29 patients suffering from isolated TBI. IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased compared to baseline levels early after trauma in CSF and plasma. In all patients CSF IL-6 and IL-8 were found to be higher than corresponding plasma levels. IL-10 in plasma was significantly increased above control plasma values, however, without a significant difference to the corresponding CSF values. BBB dysfunction was temporary present in 23 patients. Significant correlations between BBB dysfunction and cytokines were not found. Thus, alterations of the BBB seems not to influence the distribution pattern of interleukines in CSF and plasma after trauma.
Receptor-mediated uptake of hypertriglyceridemic very low density lipoproteins by normal human fibroblasts (1982)

Our previous studies showed that very low density lipoproteins, Sf 60-400 (VLDL), from hypertriglyceridemia subjects, but not VLDL from normolipemic subjects, suppress HMG-CoA reductase activity in normal human fibroblasts. To determine if this functional abnormality of hypertriglyceridemic VLDL resulted from differences in uptake of the VLDL by the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor pathway, we isolated VLDL subclasses from the d less than 1.006 g/ml fraction of normal and hypertriglyceridemic plasma by flotation through a discontinuous salt gradient for direct and competitive binding studies in cultured human fibroblasts. VLDL from the plasma of subjects with hypertriglyceridemia types 4 and 5 were at least as effective as normal LDL in competing for 125I-labeled LDL binding, uptake, and degradation when compared either on the basis of protein content or on a particle basis. By contrast, normolipemic Sf 60-400 VLDL were ineffective in competing with the degradation of 125I-labeled LDL, and Sf 20-60 VLDL (VLDL3) were less effective in reducing specific 125I-labeled LDL degradation than were LDL, consistent with their effects on HMG-CoA reductase activity. In direct binding studies, radiolabeled VLDL from hypertriglyceridemic but not normolipemic subjects were bound, internalized, and degraded with high affinity and specificity by normal fibroblasts. Uptake and degradation of iodinated hypertriglyceridemic VLDL Sf 100-400 showed a saturable dependence on VLDL concentration. Specific degradation plateaued at approximately 25 micrograms VLDL protein/ml, with a half maximal value at 6 micrograms/ml. The most effective competitor of hypertriglyceridemic VLDL uptake and degradation was hypertriglyceridemic VLDL itself. LDL were effective only at high concentrations. Uptake of normal VLDL by normal cells was a linear rather than saturable function of VLDL concentration. By contrast, cellular uptake of the smaller normal VLDL3 was greater than uptake of larger VLDL and showed saturation dependence. After incubation of normal VLDL with 125I-labeled apoprotein E, reisolated 125I-E-VLDL were as effective as LDL in suppression of HMG-CoA reductase activity, suggesting that apoE is involved in receptor-mediated uptake of large suppressive VLDL. We conclude that 1) hypertriglyceridemic VLDL Sf 60-400 are bound, internalized, and degraded by normal fibroblasts primarily by the high affinity LDL receptor-mediated pathway; 2) by contrast, normal VLDL, Sf 60-400 are bound, internalized, and degraded by normal fibroblasts primarily by nonspecific, nonsaturable routes; and 3) of the normal VLDL subclasses, only the smallest Sf 20-60 fraction is bound and internalized via the LDL pathway.
Intratumoral conversion of 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil by monoclonal antibody-cytosine deaminase conjugates: noninvasive detection of prodrug activation by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging. (1998)

The monitoring of antibody-directed enzyme-prodrug therapies requires evaluation of drug activation within the tissues of interest. We have demonstrated the feasibility of noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging (chemical shift imaging) to detect activation of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FCyt) to the cytotoxic species 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by monoclonal antibody-cytosine deaminase (CD) conjugates. In vitro, L6-CD but not 1F5-CD selectively metabolized 5-FCyt to 5-FU on H2981 human lung adenocarcinoma cells because of the presence and absence of cell surface L6 and CD20 antigens, respectively. After pretreatment of H2981 tumor-bearing mice with L6-CD, in vivo metabolism of 5-FCyt to 5-FU within the tumors was detected by 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy; the chemical shift separation between 5-FCyt and 5-FU resonances was approximately 1.2 ppm. 5-FU levels were 50-100% of 5-FCyt levels in tumors 10-60 min after 5-FCyt administration. Whole body 19F chemical shift imaging (6 x 6 mm in-plane resolution) of tumor-bearing mice demonstrated the highest signal intensity of 5-FU within the tumor region. This study supports further development of noninvasive magnetic resonance methods for preclinical and clinical monitoring of CD enzyme-prodrug therapies.
Mutations in SYNGAP1 in Autosomal Nonsyndromic Mental Retardation (2009)

Although autosomal forms of nonsyndromic mental retardation account for the majority of cases of mental retardation, the genes that are involved remain largely unknown. We sequenced the autosomal gene SYNGAP1, which encodes a ras GTPase-activating protein that is critical for cognition and synapse function, in 94 patients with nonsyndromic mental retardation. We identified de novo truncating mutations (K138X, R579X, and L813RfsX22) in three of these patients. In contrast, we observed no de novo or truncating mutations in SYNGAP1 in samples from 142 subjects with autism spectrum disorders, 143 subjects with schizophrenia, and 190 control subjects. These results indicate that SYNGAP1 disruption is a cause of autosomal dominant nonsyndromic mental retardation.
Chromosome 7 gain and DNA hypermethylation at the HOXA10 locus are associated with expression of a stem cell related HOX-signature in glioblastoma (2015)

Based on these findings, we propose co-evolution and interaction between gene copy gain, associated with a gain of chromosome 7, and additional epigenetic alterations as key mechanisms triggering a coordinated, but inappropriate, HOX transcriptional program in glioblastoma.
Pharmacogenetic analysis of the effects of polymorphisms in APOE, IDE and IL1B on a ketone body based therapeutic on cognition in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease; a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (2011)

This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, registry number NCT00142805.
Petri net modeling of fault analysis for probabilistic risk assessment (2013)

Fault trees and event trees have been widely accepted as the modeling strategy to perform Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA). However, there are several limitations associated with fault tree/event tree modeling. These include 1. It only considers binary events; 2. It assumes independence among basic events; and 3. It does not consider timing sequence of basic events. This thesis investigates Petri net modeling as a potential alternative for PRA modeling. Petri nets have mainly been used as a simulation tool for queuing and network systems. However, it has been suggested that they could also model failure scenarios, and thus could be a potential modeling strategy for PRA. In this thesis, the transformations required to model logic gates in a fault tree by Petri nets are explored. The gap between fault tree analysis and Petri net analysis is bridged through gate equivalency analysis. Methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis for Petri nets are presented. Techniques are developed and implemented to revise and tailor traditional Petri net modeling for system failure analysis. The airlock system and the maintenance cooling system of a CANada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactor are used as case studies to demonstrate Petri nets ability to model system failure and provide a structured approach for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The minimal cutsets and the probability of the airlock system failing to maintain the pressure boundary are obtained. Furthermore, the case study is extended to non-coherent system analysis due to system maintenance.
Phosphotungstic Acid Catalyzed Amidation of Alcohols (2008)

Abstract Mild nucleophilic substitution reactions of benzhydrylic, benzylic, allylic, and simple aliphatic alcohols with sulfonamides, benzamide, and 4‐nitroaniline in the presence of 12‐phosphotungstic acid as an efficient, eco‐friendly, cheap, and air‐ and moisture‐tolerant catalyst for the construction of C–N bonds has been investigated. The amine derivatives were obtained in good yields (up to 98 %). The reusable nature of the 12‐phosphotungstic acid makes this protocol more attractive.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Properties of rat cells transformed by DNA plasmids containing adenovirus type 12 E1 DNA or specific fragments of the E1 region: comparison of transforming frequencies. (1985)

In this paper, we describe for the first time the transformation of normal rat cells by DNA equivalent to adenovirus type 12 Early Region 1 (E1A). This DNA was 30-fold less efficient at transformation than DNA encoding the entire E1 region. Those established lines expressing a full complement of adenovirus type 12 E1 proteins were phenotypically indistinguishable from adenovirus type 12 virus-transformed cell lines. However, cell lines produced by plasmids carrying subgenomic fragments of E1 DNA and therefore not expressing E1B Mr 52,000 protein took longer to establish and produced tumors only after a protracted latent period. A Giemsa-banding study showed that adenovirus transformation can occur without disruption of the normal rat karyotype.
Parallel integral projection transform for straight electrode localization in 3-D ultrasound images (2008)

In surgical practice, small metallic instruments are frequently used to perform various tasks inside the human body. We address the problem of their accurate localization in the tissue. Recent experiments using medical ultrasound have shown that this modality is suitable for real-time visualization of anatomical structures as well as the position of surgical instruments. We propose an image-processing algorithm that permits automatic estimation of the position of a line-segment-shaped object. This method was applied to the localization of a thin metallic electrode in biological tissue. We show that the electrode axis can be found through maximizing the parallel integral projection transform that is a form of the Radon transform. To accelerate this step, hierarchical mesh-grid algorithm is implemented. Once the axis position is known, localization of the electrode tip is performed. The method was tested on simulated images, on ultrasound images of a tissue mimicking phantom containing a metallic electrode, and on real ultrasound images from breast biopsy. The results indicate that the algorithm is robust with respect to variations in electrode position and speckle noise. Localization accuracy is of the order of hundreds of micrometers and is comparable to the ultrasound system axial resolution.
Spectrum of dysfunctional uterine bleeding and its conservative management. (2003)

The patients in adolescent age group are good responders to conservative treatment. Most of the patients preferred micronised flavonoid over derivative of ethinyltestosterone for some misconceptions regarding this medicine. The former was better tolerated with less side effects.
Antitumor activity of T-2 toxin-conjugated monoclonal antibody to murine thymoma. (1990)

T-2 toxin (T-2(4)), one of the trichothecene mycotoxins produced by various gerera of Fusarium spp., is a potent inhibitor to the syntheses of protein and DNA in mammalian cells. The selective cytotoxicity of T-2 toxin-conjugated anti-EL-4 monoclonal antibodies (T-2-mAb) was investigated against murine thymoma EL-4 cells in vitro and in vivo systems. At first T-2 was converted to T-2 hemiglutarate by glutaric anhydride. Then T-2 hemiglutarate was activated to 3-[4-(N-succinimidoxycarbonyl)-butyryl]-T-2 (T-2-G-OSu) by N-hydroxysuccinimide. Thus obtained T-2-G-OSu was conjugated with mAb specific for EL-4 cells. The T-2-mAb markedly inhibited the proliferation of cultured EL-4 cells, but no such cytotoxic effect was observed against irrelevant SP2/0 cells. The cytotoxicity of T-2-conjugated normal gamma globulin (T-2-nGG) against EL-4 cells was far less than that of the above T-2-mAb. Ammonium chloride and monensin, inhibitors of lysosomal enzymes, enhanced the cytotoxicity of T-2-mAb. The presence of both 2-deoxyglucose together with sodium azide, inhibitors of energy-dependent reaction, reduced the cytotoxicity of T-2-mAb. Therefore, the selective binding to the target cells followed by an energy-dependent endocytosis and an intracellular liberation of T-2 by hydrolysis may account for the cytotoxicity of the T-2-mAb. In mice pre-transplanted with EL-4 cells, T-2-mAb increased the mean survival time (MST) with a direct dosage dependence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Excimer Laser-induced Ablation of Doped Poly(Tetrafluoroethylene) (2006)

Teflons ® , including poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), poly(tetrafluoroethyleneco-perfluorovinyl ether) (PFA), poly(tetrafluoroethylene-cohexafluoropropylene) (FEP), and Teflon-AF ®, constitute a family of fluorine-containing polymers that are scientifically and industrially well known for many desirable physical properties, including excellent chemical resistance, high thermal stability, low coefficient of friction, low dielectric constant, and low surface free energy.* Scientific and engineering research involving these materials has been extensive and highly successful, with considerable focus having been placed on the modification of the fluoropolymers’ surface to increase surface energy, modify wetting characteristics, and improve bonding to other materials. Methods developed to improve the wetting properties of, and/or adhesion to, PTFE and other Teflon films include adsorption of a different polymer (to increase the surface energy of the substrate) from solution,1 chemical reduction process with sodium naphthalene,2 – 4 plasma treatment,5 – 1 2 exposure to ion beams,13–17 vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation,18 X-rays, 19–21 electrons, 19,20,22 and UV lasers.23 ,24 Surface alterations to the fluoropolymers by the aforementioned methods include cross-linking, branching,
Disruption of the subendothelial basement membrane during neutrophil diapedesis in an in vitro construct of a blood vessel wall. (1989)

To examine the course of physiologic interactions between extravasating neutrophils and the subendothelial basement membrane, a model of the venular vessel wall was constructed by culturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells on a collagen matrix. After 21 d in culture, the endothelial cell monolayer displayed in vivo-like intercellular borders and junctions, deposited a single-layered, continuous basement membrane that was impenetrable to colloidal particles, and supported neutrophil extravasation in a physiologic manner. Using this model, we demonstrate that neutrophil transmigration in a plasma milieu was associated with a significant disruption of the retentive properties of the basement membrane in the absence of discernable morphologic changes. The loss of basement membrane integrity associated with neutrophil diapedesis was not dependent on neutrophil elastase or cathepsin G and was resistant to inhibitors directed against neutrophil collagenase, gelatinase, and heparanase. Despite the fact that this loss in matrix integrity could not be prevented, basement membrane defects were only transiently expressed before they were repaired by the overlying endothelium via a mechanism that required active protein and RNA synthesis. These data indicate that neutrophil extravasation and reversible basement membrane disruption are coordinated events that occur as a consequence of vessel wall transmigration.
Preparation, solubility, and cytocompatibility of zinc-releasing calcium phosphate ceramics (2000)

Zinc is an essential trace element with stimulatory effects on bone formation. Therefore, zinc was doped into beta-tricalcium phosphate to develop zinc-releasing biomaterials to promote bone formation. The zinc-doped beta-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite powders were mixed at a (Ca+Zn)/P molar ratio of 1.60, followed by sintering into a dense body at 1100 degrees C for 1 h. The sintered body was a composite ceramic consisting of zinc-doped beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite phases. The composite ceramic contained zinc oxide when the zinc content was higher than 1.20 wt %. The composite ceramic released zinc under pseudophysiological conditions. However, the release of calcium and phosphate decreased with an increase in zinc content in a range higher than 0.12 wt % owing to a decrease in solubility of the zinc-doped beta-tricalcium phosphate phase. Proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was significantly increased on the composite ceramic with a zinc content from 0.6 to 1.20 wt %, compared with those without zinc. When the zinc content was higher than 1.20 wt %, release of zinc from the zinc oxide caused cytotoxicity. Therefore, the zinc content of the composite ceramic must be <1.20 wt %.
Clinical significances of preoperative serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein level in operable gastric cancer (2009)

Preoperative serum IL-6 and CRP levels might be markers of tumor invasion, LN metastasis, and TNM stage. Preoperative high IL-6 levels were proposed as a poor prognostic factor for disease recurrence and overall survival in patients with gastric cancers.
Imaging appearance of the symptomatic perforating artery in patients with lacunar infarction: Occlusion or other vascular pathology? (2001)

Lacunar infarction is associated with distinct clinical features. It is thought to result from occlusion of a deep perforating artery in the basal ganglia, centrum semiovale, or brain stem. However, occluded perforating arteries have only rarely been observed at postmortem in patients with lacunar stroke and have not been noted previously on imaging despite the increasing sophistication of the techniques. We observed nine patients with lacunar stroke imaged with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in whom we observed a linear structure with density or signal features consistent with an occluded (or at least abnormal) perforating artery associated with the relevant lacunar infarct. The appearance might also have been caused by a leak of blood and fluid into the perivascular space around the artery, as in several patients the width of the tubular vessel-like structure (>1 mm in diameter) was greater than the expected width of a perforating artery (<0.8 mm in diameter). This interpretation is supported by the fact that the area of infarction was usually around the abnormal vessel, not at the end of it. We describe the patients' clinical and imaging features, and discuss alternative explanations for the imaging appearance and the implications for gaining insights into the cause of lacunar infarction.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4a,4"-Disubstituted Avermectins (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Biological Activity of 4a,4"-Disubstituted AvermectinsTodd K. Jones, Lin Chu, Helmut Mrozik, Lyndia Slayton, Bryan Rafalko, Mary Lee Goldmann, Wesley L. Shoop, Gaye Margiatto, and Michael H. FisherCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 8, 1786–1790Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00044a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00044a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nanometer-Scale Decomposition of Ultrathin Multilayered Polyelectrolyte Films (2006)

We report that ultrathin multilayered films fabricated from plasmid DNA and synthetic polyamines undergo nanometer-scale transformations that resemble spinodal decomposition when incubated in aqueous media. The patterns and structures generated by this transformation are similar to those observed for the spinodal dewetting of thin films of conventional polymers. This behavior has not, however, been observed for this class of multilayered assemblies, for which long-range electrostatic interactions play significant roles in governing film structure and stability. We demonstrate that it is possible to promote this behavior, prevent it, or control it by varying polymer structure, film composition, or the conditions to which these materials are exposed. These results suggest the basis of methods that could prove useful for the generation of nanostructure on complex surfaces and contribute to methods for the localized delivery of DNA from surfaces.
A Programmable Logic Approach for VLSI (1979)

This paper explores the use of a proposed programmable storage/logic array (SLA) chip as a general purpose universal logic element for digital computers. The SLA is compared to other programmable logic arrays in implementation and utilization, showing how it permits construction of complete digital subsystems on one chip without sacrifice in programmability. When compared with other contending very large-scale integrated technology (VLSI) approaches, such as microprogrammed processors and gate arrays, the SLA offers an attractive combination of cost, performance, and ease of implementation.