gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Conception of a Presentation Development and Management System Featuring ‘Smart Slides’ (2015)

This paper presents a conception of a presentation development and management system (PDMS) and a related process model that guides its adequate use. It is inspired by the idea to replace certain graphical representations on presentation slides with diagrams that are constructed with domain-specific modelling languages (DSML) and corresponding model editors. The PDMS features an extensible set of graphical DSML that originate in a method for enterprise modelling. They provide the conceptual foundation for graphical representations that include domain-specific semantics. Specifying DSML and generating code for corresponding model editors is supported by an integrated metamodelling environment. Various DSML can be combined to create interactive, multi-language diagrams. The embedded semantics enables versatile machine analysis and allows for interactive slides. An accompanying compound architecture allows for integrating interactive diagrams with slides that contain traditional types of content such as text or drawings. Furthermore, it provides the conceptual foundation for storing presentations in a steadily growing common repository of organisational knowledge, thereby promoting reuse on various levels of abstraction.
The Proliferation of Plasma Cells from Mouse Bone Marrow in Vitro III. Primary and Secondary Immune Responses Associated with Thymic RNA (1979)

In vitro primary and secondary immune responses involving the proliferation of IgG-forming plasma cells from cultures of normal or antigen-primed mouse bone marrow cells have been investigated in order to clarify the relationships between the bone marrow cells and thymic RNA derived from each animal. By an administration of soluble and insoluble antigens with thymic RNA to bone marrow cultures, 54 ± 13% of IgG-forming plasma cells were found to produce specific immunoglobulin following stimulation with antigen. Thymus independent antigen polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) induced the proliferation of anti-PVP specific antibody forming cells in the abcence of thymic RNA, although more of these cells were generated when PVP-primed thymic RNA was administered with PVP to normal bone marrow cultures. Other antigens such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), flagellar antigen of Salmonella, apofferitin and SRBC were investigated using the same bone marrow culture system. These antigens induced various numbers of antibody forming cells from the cultures. Antigen-primed thymic RNA derived from mice inoculated with antigen caused secondary immune response-patterns of plasma cell proliferation from normal bone marrow cultures. Bone marrow cells, however, derived from antigen primed animals proliferated with patterns of primary immune response when cultured with normal thymic RNA and the same antigen. On the basis of these observations, it is concluded that anamnestic immune memory is mainly associated with thymic RNA and not with immunoblasts in bone marrow.
Characteristics of the biofilm matrix and its role as a possible target for the detection and eradication ofStaphylococcus epidermidisassociated with medical implant infections (2010)

The virulence of Staphylococcus epidermidis is related to its capacity to form biofilms. Such biofilm-related infections are extremely difficult to treat and to detect in early stages by the traditional microbiological analyses. The determination of the chemical composition of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the biofilm matrix, as well as the elucidation of the sensitivity of biofilms to enzymatic degradation should facilitate the development of new therapies against biofilm-related infections. The chemical analyses of EPS had shown qualitative and quantitative variations of their nature, depending on the strains and culture conditions. The poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) is considered the main component of staphylococcal biofilms. However, certain strains form biofilms without PNAG. In addition to PNAG and proteins, extracellular teichoic acid was identified as a new component of the staphylococcal biofilms. The sensitivity of staphylococcal biofilms to enzymatic treatments depended on their relative chemical composition, and a PNAG-degrading enzyme, in conjunction with proteases, could be an efficient solution to eliminate the staphylococcal biofilms. A detection of specific 'antibiofilm' antibodies in the blood serum of patients could serve as a convenient noninvasive and inexpensive diagnostic tool for the detection of foreign body-associated staphylococcal infections. Used as a coating antigen in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, PNAG did not sufficiently discriminate healthy individuals from the infected patients.
Identification of neutral and acidic sphingomyelinases in Helicobacter pylori (1998)

We demonstrated for the first time the presence of sphingomyelinase (SMase) in Helicobacter pylori. Activation of SMase has been implicated as the cause of elevation of cellular ceramide levels and consequently of apoptosis. The data indicate that there are two classes of SMase, defined by their optimal pHs and cellular locations, existing in H. pylori. One is an Mg(2+)-dependent membrane-bound enzyme with an optimal activity at pH 7, and the other is an Mg(2+)-independent cytosolic enzyme with an optimal activity at pH 5. Bisalumin, a bismuth salt, was found to inhibit the activities of both forms of SMase regardless of the presence of Mg2+. By Western blot analysis, the membrane-bound SMases of H. pylori and Bacillus cereus were shown to be antigenically related and to have a similar denatured molecular mass of 28 kDa.
A single supply level shifter for multi-voltage systems (2006)

This paper presents design and application of a level shifter circuit which works with a single power supply. Unlike the conventional level shifter circuits, the proposed level shifter can shift any voltage level signal to a desired higher level without any leakage current. Use of single supply level shifter greatly reduces the supply routing and layout congestion within the chip when level shifting is required between different voltage domains. It also reduces pin count if level shifting is required between two or more chips operating at different supply voltages in a multi-voltage system. The proposed circuit is generic in nature and the voltage range at which level shifting can be done is limited by the technology only. The circuits was designed in 90nm CMOS technology and simulated in SPICE. The simulation results show that the proposed level shifter circuit is able to shift the input signal from 1.2V to 2.5V at maximum frequency of 500MHz.
Improving direct-mapped cache performance by the addition of a small fully-associative cache and prefetch buffers (1990)

Projections of computer technology forecast processors with peak performance of 1,000 MIPS in the relatively near future. These processors could easily lose half or more of their performance in the memory hierarchy if the hierarchy design is based on conventional caching techniques. This paper presents hardware techniques to improve the performance of caches. Miss caching places a small fully-associative cache between a cache and its refill path. Misses in the cache that hit in the miss cache have only a one cycle miss penalty, as opposed to a many cycle miss penalty without the miss cache. Small miss caches of 2 to 5 entries are shown to be very effective in removing mapping conflict misses in first-level direct-mapped caches. Victim caching is an improvement to miss caching that loads the small fully-associative cache with the victim of a miss and not the requested line. Small victim caches of 1 to 5 entries are even more effective at removing conflict misses than miss caching. Stream buffers prefetch cache lines starting at a cache miss address. The prefetched data is placed in the buffer and not in the cache. Stream buffers are useful in removing capacity and compulsory cache misses, as well as some instruction cache conflict misses. Stream buffers are more effective than previously investigated prefetch techniques at using the next slower level in the memory hierarchy when it is pipelined. An extension to the basic stream buffer, called multi-way stream buffers , is introduced. Multi-way stream buffers are useful for prefetching along multiple intertwined data reference streams. Together, victim caches and stream buffers reduce the miss rate of the first level in the cache hierarchy by a factor of two to three on a set of six large benchmarks.
Pleiotropic Functions of PACAP in the CNS (2006)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a pleiotropic neuropeptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) family. PACAP prevents ischemic delayed neuronal cell death (apoptosis) in the hippocampus. PACAP inhibits the activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, especially JNK/SAPK and p38, thereby protecting against apoptotic cell death. After the ischemia-reperfusion, both pyramidal cells and astrocytes increased their expression of the PACAP receptor (PAC1-R). Reactive astrocytes increased their expression of PAC1-R, released interleukin-6 (IL-6) that is a proinflammatory cytokine with both differentiation and growth-promoting effects for a variety of target cell types, and thereby protected neurons from apoptosis. These results suggest that PACAP itself and PACAP-stimulated secretion of IL-6 synergistically inhibit apoptotic cell death in the hippocampus. The PAC1-R is expressed in the neuroepithelial cells from early developmental stages and in various brain regions during development. We have recently found that PACAP, at physiological concentrations, induces differentiation of mouse neural stem cells into astrocytes. Neural stem cells were prepared from the telencephalon of mouse embryos and cultured with basic fibroblast growth factor. The PAC1-R immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the neural stem cells. When neural stem cells were exposed to PACAP, about half of these cells showed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity. This phenomenon was significantly antagonized by a PAC1-R antagonist (PACAP6-38), indicating that PACAP induces differentiation of neural stem cell into astrocytes. Other our physiological studies have demonstrated that PACAP acts on PAC1-R in mouse neural stem cells and its signal is transmitted to the PAC1-R-coupled G protein Gq but not to Gs. These findings strongly suggest that PACAP plays very important roles in neuroprotection in adult brain as well as astrocyte differentiation during development.
Statistical shape theory for activity modeling (2003)

Monitoring activities in a certain region from video data is an important surveillance problem. The goal is to learn the pattern of normal activities and detect unusual ones by identifying activities that deviate appreciably from the typical ones. We propose an approach using statistical shape theory based on the shape model of D.G. Kendall et al. (see "Shape and Shape Theory", John Wiley and Sons, 1999). In a low resolution video, each moving object is best represented as a moving point mass or particle. In this case, an activity can be defined by the interactions of all or some of these moving particles over time. We model this configuration of the particles by a polygonal shape formed from the locations of the points in a frame and the activity by the deformation of the polygons in time. These parameters are learned for each typical activity. Given a test video sequence, an activity is classified as abnormal if the probability for the sequence (represented by the mean shape and the dynamics of the deviations), given the model, is below a certain threshold The approach gives very encouraging results in surveillance applications using a single camera and is able to identify various kinds of abnormal behavior.
Directed Energy Transfer Funnels in Dendrimeric Antenna Supermolecules (1997)

We have studied the dynamics of directed, multistep energy transport in a class of fractal-like dendrimeric molecules. For particular forms of these highly branched phenylacetylene dendrimers, both theory and experiment put the lowest excitation energy at the center (locus) of the supermolecule. This results in a structurally symmetric and ordered exciton funnel, with a well-directed energy gradient. We have designed and synthesized a derivative of these dendrimers with a perylene moiety at the locus, which acts as an energy trap for the directed exciton funnel. Spectroscopic evidence indicates transfer efficiency of 98% from the photoabsorbing dendrimer backbone to the perylenic trap.
Experimental myocardial infarction in the rat: qualitative and quantitative changes during pathologic evolution. (1978)

Surgical occlusion of the left coronary artery of the rat is a relatively simple, economical technique for producing experimental myocardial infarction (MI). Histologic study of 1- to 21-day-old MI in rats showed that following a mild and brief acute inflammatory response at the margins of the necrotic myocardium, there is chronic inflammation, vascular and collagenous proliferation, and resorption of necrostic tissue which progresses until scar formation is complete, usually by 21 days. From Day 1 to Day 21 the volume of infarcted myocardium decreases from 45.9 +/- 5.9% (mean +/- SEM) to 26.1 +/- 3.2% of the left ventricle and infarct thickness decreases from 1.30 +/- 0.06 mm to 0.47 +/- 0.02 mm. Concomitantly, the percent of the surface area of the left ventricle which is infarcted decreases insignificantly from 55.7 +/- 7.2% to 48.3 +/- 4.2%, indicating that the decrease in volume of the infarcted tissue occurs primarily as a result of thinning of the MI. This study provides qualitative and quantitative information on the natural history of MI in rats, which should be useful as a baseline for future studies.
The JAK-STAT pathway: summary of initial studies and recent advances. (1996)

Polypeptides redirect cells by causing immediate changes in gene transcription. A direct connection between polypeptide receptors on the cell surface and genes in the nucleus has been provided by the recognition of the JAK-STAT pathway. Results leading to our present understanding of this pathway are reviewed.
Supernatant from Bifidobacterium Differentially Modulates Transduction Signaling Pathways for Biological Functions of Human Dendritic Cells (2008)

We report for the first time that a fermentation product of a bifidobacteria can differentially activate MAPK, GSK3 and PI3K in order to modulate DC biological functions. These results give new insights on the fine-tuned balance between the maintenance of normal mucosal homeostasis to commensal and probiotic bacteria and the specific inflammatory immune responses to pathogen bacteria.
Water-oil core-shell droplets for electrowetting-based digital microfluidic devices (2008)

Digital microfluidics based on electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) has recently emerged as one of the most promising technologies to realize integrated and highly flexible lab-on-a-chip systems. In such EWOD-based digital microfluidic devices, the aqueous droplets have traditionally been manipulated either directly in air or in an immiscible fluid such as silicone oil. However, both transporting mediums have important limitations and neither offers the flexibility required to fulfil the needs of several applications. In this paper, we report on an alternative mode of operation for EWOD-based devices in which droplets enclosed in a thin layer of oil are manipulated in air. We demonstrate the possibility to perform on-chip the fundamental fluidic operations by using such water-oil core-shell droplets and compare systematically the results with the traditional approach where the aqueous droplets are manipulated directly in air or oil. We show that the core-shell configuration combines several advantages of both the air and oil mediums. In particular, this configuration not only reduces the operation voltage of EWOD-based devices but also leads to higher transport velocities when compared with the manipulation of droplets directly in air or oil.
The Indian Federation (1971)

Being one of the younger federations, India has benefited from the experience of the older federations. The Constitution of 1950 gives clear indications of the earnestness of its framers to profit from the lessons provided by other federations. Such provisions in the Constitutions of other federations as were in harmony with Indian political thought and administrative needs of the time were introduced in our Constitution.
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase functions in vivo in Escherichia coli (1994)

The tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase gene (tyrZ) from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, an acidophilic, autotrophic, gram-negative bacterium that participates in bioleaching of minerals, was cloned and sequenced. The encoded polypeptide (TyrRZ) is 407 amino acids in length (molecular mass; 38 kDa). The predicted protein sequence has an extensive overall identity (44%) to the sequence of the protein encoded by the Bacillus subtilus tyrZ gene, one of the two genes encoding tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases in this microorganism. Alignment with Escherichia coli TyrRS revealed limited overall identity (24%), except in the regions of the signature sequence for class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Complementation of an E. coli strain with a thermosensitive mutation in TyrRS showed that the protein encoded by the T. ferrooxidans tyrZ gene is functional and recognizes the E. coli tRNA(Tyr) as a substrate. TyrZ is a single-copy gene as revealed by Southern blot analysis. The gene was localized upstream from the putative promoters of the rrnT2 ribosomal RNA operon. Although no rho-independent transcription terminator was found between the two genes, a 1.3-kb RNA hybridized to a DNA probe derived from the tyrZ gene. The functional relationship between these two transcription units is discussed.
Analgesia and sedation in critically ill patients (2004)

In critically ill patients, adequate analgesia and sedation increase comfort, reduce stress response and facilitate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Analgesia and sedation may also have a beneficial impact on morbidity, particularly by reducing pulmonary complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia, and delirium or agitation with subsequent accidental extubation. The method and depth of analgesia and sedation should be adapted to the needs of the individual patient. While evaluation of analgesia and sedation is important, technical tools for assessment are generally unreliable. Accordingly, management of these patients is best guided by simple clinical scores, though there is no consensus on how frequently pain and sedation should be evaluated. While there is some degree of consensus on what constitutes an acceptable level of pain relief, the same is not true of sedation, with the attendant risk of over-sedation. Analgesia and sedation are performed chiefly by pharmacological means. The first step includes adequate analgesia, usually with opioids. There is no evidence of a difference in efficacy between opioids as far as clinically relevant outcomes are concerned. However, there is some evidence that more sophisticated methods of opioid administration, such as patient-controlled analgesia, may improve pulmonary outcomes. In Europe, midazolam and propofol are most frequently used for sedation of the critically ill. Regular evaluation of the effect of these drugs and subsequent adaptation of dosage are more important than the choice of specific analgesics and hypnotics. Implementation of guidelines for rational analgesia and sedation would help to reduce patients' length of stay in the intensive care unit.
The cost of pressure ulcers in the UK (2004)

Pressure ulcers represent a very significant cost burden in the UK. Without concerted effort this cost is likely to increase in the future as the population ages. To the extent that pressure ulcers are avoidable, pressure damage may be indicative of clinical negligence and there is evidence that litigation could soon become a significant threat to healthcare providers in the UK, as it is in the USA.
Overexpression of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 (CTHRC1) is associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis in human non-small cell lung cancer (2014)

Collagen triple helix repeat-containing 1 (CTHRC1), a novel oncogene, was identified to be aberrantly overexpressed in several malignant tumors. However, the expression profile of CTHRC1 and its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unknown. In this study, we showed that CTHRC1 was evidently overexpressed in human NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cell lines at the protein and mRNA level. Ectopic up-regulation of CTHRC1 in cancer cells resulted in elevated invasive and proliferative abilities, which were attenuated by the specific CTHRC1 siRNA. The biological effect of CTHRC1 on metastasis and proliferation was mediated by the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, CTHRC1 immunoreactivity was evidently overexpressed in paraffin-embedded NSCLC tissues (212/292, 72.60%) in comparison to corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues (6/66, 9.09%) (p<0.001). Clinicopathologic analysis showed that CTHRC1 expression was significantly correlated with differentiation degree (p<0.001), clinical stage (p<0.001), T classification (p<0.001), lymph node metastasis (p=0.013) and distant metastasis (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with high CTHRC1 expression had poorer overall survival rates than those with low CTHRC1 expression. Multivariate analysis indicated that CTHRC1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival of NSCLC patients. Collectively, CTHRC1 plays important roles in NSCLC progression, and the evaluation of CTHRC1 expression could serve as a potential marker for metastasis progression and prognosis in NSCLC patients.
Transcriptional Repression Mediated by the WT1 Wilms Tumor Gene Product (1991)

The wt1 gene, a putative tumor suppressor gene located at the Wilms tumor (WT) locus on chromosome 11p13, encodes a zinc finger-containing protein that binds to the same DNA sequence as EGR-1, a mitogen-inducible immediate-early gene product that activates transcription. The transcriptional regulatory potential of WT1 has not been demonstrated. In transient transfection assays, the WT1 protein functioned as a repressor of transcription when bound to the EGR-1 site. The repression function was mapped to the glutamine- and proline-rich NH2-terminus of WT1; fusion of this domain to the zinc finger region of EGR-1 converted EGR-1 into a transcriptional repressor.