gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Least-squares reverse time migration with a wavefield-separation imaging condition (2013)

Although least-squares reverse-time migration (LSRTM) can improve the resolution of the conventional reverse-time migration (RTM) image, directly imaging steeply-dipping fault zones remains a challenge when the acquisition aperture is limited. We develop a least-squares reverse-time migration method with a wavefield-separation imaging condition to enhance imaging steeply-dipping fault zones. Unlike the conventional imaging condition that includes the total source and receiver wavefields, our LSRTM with the wavefield-separation imaging condition cross-correlates the wavefields propagating in opposite vertical or horizontal directions. The conventional imaging condition used in LSTRM uses a fixed source wavefield calculated using the initial model for all subsequent iterations, which may not be able to clearly image fault zones. Our new LSRTM accounts for the updated source wavefield in each iteration. Synthetic examples demonstrate that our LSRTM significantly improves the conventional LSRTM image for imaging steeply-dipping fault zones.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of [123I]IBZM: a potential CNS D-2 dopamine receptor imaging agent. (1989)

In vitro binding characteristics of a CNS dopamine D-2 receptor imaging agent, (S)-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)] methyl-2-hydroxy-3-iodo-6-methoxybenzamide [( 125I]IBZM), was carried out in rats. Also brain images, as well as organ biodistribution were determined in a monkey following the administration of 123I-labeled compound. The S-(-)-I[125I]IBZM showed high specific dopamine D-2 receptor binding in rat striatum (Kd = 0.426 +/- 0.082 nM, Bmax = 480 +/- 22 fmol/mg of protein). Competition of various ligands for the IBZM binding displayed the following rank order of potency: spiperone greater than S(-)IBZM much greater than R(+)IBZM greater than or equal to S(-)BZM greater than dopamine greater than ketanserin greater than SCH-23390 much greater than propranolol, norepinephrine, serotonin. In vivo planar images of a monkey injected with [123I]IBZM demonstrated a high concentration in basal ganglia of brain. The ratios of activity in the basal ganglia to cerebellum and the cortex to cerebellum in monkey brain were 4.93 and 1.44, respectively, at 120 min postinjection. These preliminary results indicate that [123I]IBZM is a potentially promising imaging agent for the investigation of dopamine D-2 receptors in humans.
Post-constructivismo, lenguajes y ambientes de aprendizaje. Del estudio de los media e hipertextos, a la web 2.0, el diseño instruccional, el post-constructivismo y la enacción (2013)

Este artículo surge con el objetivo fundamental de dar respuesta a dos interrogantes: a) ¿Cómo han cambiado las tecnologías en los últimos veinte años y qué recorrido se ha efectuado desde la Tecnología Educativa?, b) ¿Qué desafíos les esperan en el futuro próximo a los profesores de Tecnología Educativa? Para adentrarnos en su desarrollo, partimos de la siguiente premisa: hoy, más que ayer, los profesores de Tecnología Educativa antes de ser expertos en la introducción de las TIC en la didáctica, están llamados a repensar la didáctica, incluso con las TIC.
Nano-graphene oxide for cellular imaging and drug delivery (2008)

Two-dimensional graphene offers interesting electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties that are currently being explored for advanced electronics, membranes, and composites. Here we synthesize and explore the biological applications of nano-graphene oxide (NGO), i.e., single-layer graphene oxide sheets down to a few nanometers in lateral width. We develop functionalization chemistry in order to impart solubility and compatibility of NGO in biological environments. We obtain size separated pegylated NGO sheets that are soluble in buffers and serum without agglomeration. The NGO sheets are found to be photoluminescent in the visible and infrared regions. The intrinsic photoluminescence (PL) of NGO is used for live cell imaging in the near-infrared (NIR) with little background. We found that simple physisorption via pi-stacking can be used for loading doxorubicin, a widely used cancer drug onto NGO functionalized with antibody for selective killing of cancer cells in vitro. Owing to its small size, intrinsic optical properties, large specific surface area, low cost, and useful non-covalent interactions with aromatic drug molecules, NGO is a promising new material for biological and medical applications.
Purification of glycoprotein gD of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by use of monoclonal antibody (1982)

Glycoproteins gD-1 and gD-2 of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, respectively, were purified on an immunoadsorbent consisting of the type-common monoclonal antibody HD-1 linked to Sepharose. Each glycoprotein was of sufficient purity, quantity, and biological activity to be used for immunological and biochemical studies. Each glycoprotein induced high titers of type-common monospecific neutralizing antibody in mice. Amino aicd analysis indicated that gD-1 and gD-2 had similar though not identical amino acid compositions.
COMPETITIVE APPROACH TO BIOENERGY MANAGEMENT (2005)

COMPETITIVE APPROACH TO BIOENERGY MANAGEMENTThe City of Lethbridge (population 73,000) took a competitive approach to bioenergy management at their wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Bioenergy refers to the energy associated with biosolids processing, such as biogas from anaerobic digestions and energy demand for biosolids drying. The plant currently treats 30 Ml/d (8 MGD), including a significant food processing industrial component, using...Author(s)Dalton R. StaffordDavid L. ParryStacey A. ServoSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 9: Management of Animal Manures and Other Organic WastesDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2005ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20050101)2005:2L.540;1-DOI10.2175/193864705783968349Volume / Issue2005 / 2Content sourceResiduals and Biosolids ConferenceFirst / last page(s)540 - 553Copyright2005Word count474
Metal‐Ion‐Coordinating Properties of a Viral Inhibitor, a pyrophosphate analogue, and a herbicide metabolite, a glycinate analogue: The solution properties of the potentially five‐membered chelates derived from phosphonoformic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid (1994)

Abstract The pyrophosphoric‐acid‐analogue phosphonoformic acid (pfa) and the amino‐acid‐analogue (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid (ampa) both form, in the deprotonated state, i.e. , as – OOC–PO and H 2 NCH 2 PO , respectively, five‐membered chelate rings with metal ions. pfa inhibits both phosphate transport and virus replication, while ampa is a metabolic product of the common herbicide glyphosate (  N ‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine). The acidity constants of H 2 pfa – and H 2 ampa± as well as the stability constants of the [M(Hpfa)], [M(pfa)] – , [M(Hampa)] + , and [M(ampa)] complexes, where M 2+  Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Mn 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Cu(2,2′‐bipyridyl) 2+ , Cu(1,10‐phenanthroline) 2+ , Zn 2+ , or Cd 2+ , have been determined by potentiometric pH titrations in aqueous solution at 25° and I  0.1 M (NaNO 3 ). The structures of isomeric complexes and the connected intramolecular equilibria are deduced and evaluated based on the equilibrium constants measured and those calculated via the p K a values of the above mentioned ligands and previously established log K vs. p K a straight‐line plots ( H. Sigel et al., Helv. Chim. Acta 1992 , 75 , 2634) for a simple phosphonate‐M 2+ coordination. pfa forms stronger complexes than ampa with all the above mentioned metal ions, with the single exception of [Cu(ampa)] which is slightly more stable than [Cu(pfa)] – . In neutral solutions, more precisely at pH of ca. 6, pfa complexes of alkaline‐earth‐metal ions retain one phosphonate‐bound proton, [M(Hpfa)], while those of the transition‐metal ions chelate with the trianionic ligand, pfa 3– . In accord with increasing ligand‐basicity, the stability‐constant order for all metal‐ion complexes is oxalate &gt; pfa &gt; pyrophosphate but, owing to proton competition in pyrophosphate, in neutral solutions metal‐ion complexation of pfa 3– competes with P 2 O . With ampa alkaline‐earth‐metal ions interact only with the phosphonate group of even the dianionic ligand (though Mg 2+ appears to form a low fraction of a [Mg(ampa)] chelate) while transition‐metal ions form chelates which are comparable in stability to those of glycinate.
Increased serum levels of interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 and monokine induced by gamma interferon in patients with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (2003)

We measured serum interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG) levels to investigate the role of these molecules in the pathophysiology of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Serum IP-10 and MIG levels were significantly increased in patients with active HLH compared with those of healthy controls. Serum MIG levels decreased gradually during the course of disease in a patient who recovered without therapy. On the other hand, rapid reduction of MIG and IP-10 levels was observed after chemotherapy in a patient with severe HLH. IP-10 and MIG mRNA expression was enhanced in liver and spleen, and IP-10 mRNA expression was enhanced in bone marrow in the patients, suggesting activated macrophages that infiltrated in these organs as one of the main producers of these cytokines. Serum IP-10 and MIG levels showed a significant correlation with serum IFN-gamma levels. In addition, these chemokines had a significant correlation with fever and serum LDH levels, which are clinical indicators of disease activity of HLH. These results suggest that IP-10 and MIG which are produced by activated macrophages by the stimulation of IFN-gamma, play an important role in the pathophysiology of HLH, by recruitment of activated Th1 cells into the tissues or organs.
IDH mutations in primary myelofibrosis predict leukemic transformation and shortened survival: clinical evidence for leukemogenic collaboration with JAK2V617F (2011)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are frequent in blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasms and might therefore contribute to leukemic transformation. We examined this possibility in 301 consecutive patients with chronic-phase primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The mutant IDH was detected in 12 patients (4%): 7 IDH2 (5 R140Q, 1 R140W and 1 R172G) and 5 IDH1 (3 R132S and 2 R132C). In all, 6 (50%) of the 12 IDH-mutated patients also expressed JAK2V617F. Overall, 18 (6%) patients displayed only MPL and 164 (54.3%) only JAK2 mutations. Multivariable analysis that accounted for conventional risk factors disclosed inferior overall survival (OS; P=0.03) and leukemia-free survival (LFS; P=0.003) in IDH-mutated patients: OS hazard ratio (HR) was 0.39 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.2-0.75), 0.50 (95% CI 0.27-0.95) and 0.53 (95% CI 0.23-1.2) for patients with no, JAK2 or MPL mutations, respectively. Further analysis disclosed a more pronounced effect for the mutant IDH on OS and LFS in the presence (P=0.0002 and P<0.0001, respectively) as opposed to the absence (P=0.34 and P=0.64) of concomitant JAK2V617F. Analysis of paired samples obtained during chronic- and blast-phase disease revealed the presence of both IDH and JAK2 mutations at both time points. Our observations suggest that IDH mutations in PMF are independent predictors of leukemic transformation and raise the possibility of leukemogenic collaboration with JAK2V617F.
A platelet-activating factor antagonist, RP 55778, inhibits cytokine-dependent induction of human immunodeficiency virus expression in chronically infected promonocytic cells. (1993)

A platelet-activating factor antagonist, RP 55778, potently suppressed the induction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) expression in chronically infected promonocytic U1 cells. RP 55778 inhibited the production of reverse transcriptase activity in U1 cells stimulated with the transcriptionally active inducers of virus production, tumor necrosis factor alpha and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. This effect was correlated only in part with a reduction in the levels of HIV RNA, suggesting that this agent was also affecting posttranscriptional levels of virus production. In this regard, RP 55778 effectively blocked the induction of HIV expression in U1 cells stimulated with interleukin 6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which act predominantly as posttranscriptional activators of HIV expression. Finally, RP 55778 inhibited the production of endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated cells, thereby interfering with an autocrine pathway of virus expression. The suppressive effects of RP 55778 on HIV expression appeared to be independent of the platelet-activating factor cell surface receptor on U1 cells. RP 55778 inhibited acute HIV replication in primary T-cell blasts and the proliferative capacity of these cells. This study suggests that RP 55778 may represent potentially useful compounds in the treatment of HIV infection.
PIK-Related Kinases: DNA Repair, Recombination, and Cell Cycle Checkpoints (1995)

The phosphatidylinositol kinase-related (PIK-related) kinases form a new subgroup within the protein kinase family of enzymes. Although the substrates of these kinases are not yet known, recent reports show that they participate in recombination processes, chromosome maintenance, and the cell cycle.
Urothelial function reconsidered: A role in urinary protein secretion (2001)

Mammalian bladder epithelium functions as an effective permeability barrier. We demonstrate here that this epithelium can also function as a secretory tissue directly involved in modifying urinary protein composition. Our data indicate that normal bovine urothelium synthesizes, as its major differentiation products, two well-known proteases: tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase, as well as a serine protease inhibitor, PP5. Moreover, we demonstrate that the urothelium secretes these proteins in a polarized fashion into the urine via a cAMP- and calcium-regulated pathway. Urinary plasminogen activators of ruminants are therefore urothelium derived rather then kidney derived as in some other species; this heterogeneity may have evolved in response to different physiological or dietary factors. In conjunction with our recent finding that transgenic mouse urothelium can secrete ectopically expressed human growth hormone into the urine, our data establish that normal mammalian urothelium can function not only as a permeability barrier but also as a secretor of urinary proteins that can play physiological or pathological roles in the urinary tract.
Measurement of Free Testosterone in Normal Women and Women with Androgen Deficiency: Comparison of Methods (2004)

Androgen deficiency in women is increasingly recognized as a new clinical syndrome and has raised our awareness of the importance of accurate and well-validated measurements of serum free testosterone (T) concentrations in women. Therefore, we compared serum free T levels measured by equilibrium dialysis to those measured by a direct RIA (analog method) and to those calculated from the law of mass action (requires the measurement of total T and SHBG). We also calculated the free androgen index, 100 x T/SHBG, as a simple index known to correlate with free T. Subjects were 147 women with variable androgen and estrogen statuses. All were studied three times in 1 month and included women 1) with regular menses (estrogen positive, T positive), 2) more than 50 yr old and not receiving estrogen (estrogen negative, T positive), 3) receiving estrogen (estrogen positive, T negative), and 4) with severe androgen deficiency secondary to hypopituitarism (estrogen negative, T negative). Calculated values for free T using the laws of mass action correlated well with those obtained from equilibrium dialysis (r = 0.99; P < 0.0001). However, the agreement depended strongly on the specific assays used for total T and SHBG. In contrast, the direct RIA method had unacceptably high systematic bias and random variability and did not correlate as well with equilibrium dialysis values (r = 0.81; P < 0.0001). In addition, the lower limit of detection was higher for the direct RIA than for equilibrium dialysis or calculated free T. Free androgen index correlates well with free T by equilibrium dialysis (r = 0.93; P < 0.0001), but is a unitless number without reference to the physical reality of free T. We conclude that the mass action equation and equilibrium dialysis are the preferred methods for use in diagnosing androgen deficiency in women.
Erythrocyte membrane proteins reactive with IgG (warm-reacting) anti- red blood cell autoantibodies: II. Antibodies coprecipitating band 3 and glycophorin A (1994)

In our initial immunochemical study of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins targeted in 20 cases of warm-antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA), RBC eluates of 6 patients mediated immunoprecipitation (IP) of both band 3 and glycophorin A (GPA). This dual IP pattern had previously been observed with murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against the high frequency blood group antigen, Wrb (Wright), suggesting that the Wrb epitope may depend on a band 3-GPA interaction. Earlier, anti-Wrb had been identified serologically as a prominent non-Rh specificity of AHA autoantibodies. In the present study, 6 autoantibody eluates immunoprecipitating band 3 and GPA from common Wr(b+) RBCs were retested, in parallel with murine anti-Wrb MoAbs, against very rare Wr(a+b-)En(a+)RBCs. One patient's autoantibodies were unreactive with the Wr(b-) RBCs by either IP or indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and were judged to have “pure” anti- Wrb specificity. Two other patients' autoantibodies displayed both IP and serologic evidence for anti-Wrb as a major component in combination with one or more additional specificities. However, among 3 other patients whose autoantibodies coprecipitated band 3 and GPA, there was no reduction in IP or IAT reactivity with Wr(b-) RBCs in 2 and only slight reduction in the third. We conclude (1) that human anti-Wrb autoantibodies, like their murine monoclonal counterparts, coprecipitate band 3 and GPA from human RBCs; but (2) that not all antibodies with this IP behavior have anti-Wrb serologic specificity, as defined by this donor's Wr(b-) RBCs. The possibility of an additional (non-Wrb) RBC epitope dependent on a band 3-GPA interaction is raised.
On talker-independent word recognition in continuous speech (2005)

Results are presented from an experiment on talker-independent word recognition in which three experimental parameters were manipulated. Those parameters were 1) whether the word model had a mean vector and a variance vector, or a mean vector and a covariance matrix, at each time frame; 2) whether a single estimate was made of the word model or whether there was one re-estimate; and 3) whether word recognition was based on a Pass 1 distance score or on a novel Pass 2 log odds score. The results were 1) a multivariate word model did not do better than a word model based on a sum of univariate distributions; 2) a re-estimated word model did better than a word model based on initial estimates; and 3) the Pass 2 log odds score did better than the Pass 1 distance score.
Inhibition of Lymphogenous Metastasis Using Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Transfer of a Soluble VEGFR-3 Decoy Receptor (2005)

The presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes is a strong indicator of poor patient survival in many types of cancer. It has recently been shown that the lymphangiogenic growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), and its receptor, VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR3), may play a pivotal role in the promotion of metastasis to regional lymph nodes. In this study, human prostate and melanoma tumor models that preferentially metastasize to the lymph nodes following s.c. tumor cell implantation were established from lymph node metastases via in vivo selection. Melanoma tumor cell sublines established from lymph node metastasis express higher amounts of VEGF-C than the parental tumor cells. The inhibition of tumor-derived VEGF-C with a soluble VEGFR3 decoy receptor, sVEGFR3-Fc, expressed via a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector, potently blocks tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis and tumor metastasis to the lymph nodes, when the treatment was initiated before the tumor implantation. In addition, sVEGFR3-Fc serum levels required for efficient blockade of lymph node metastases are strictly dependent on the VEGF-C levels generated by the primary tumor. Recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer of sVEGFR3-Fc may represent a feasible therapeutic strategy for blockade of lymphogenous metastasis.
Single-agent lenalidomide induces complete remission of acute myeloid leukemia in patients with isolated trisomy 13 (2008)

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) frequently fail chemotherapy due to refractory disease, relapse, or toxicity. Among older AML patients (age > 60 years), there are few long-term survivors. Lenalidomide is a candidate for study in AML based on its clinical activity in a related disorder, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), with the 5q- chromosomal abnormality. We report induction of sustained morphologic and cytogenetic complete remission in 2 older AML patients treated with high-dose, single-agent lenalidomide; each patient had trisomy 13 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality. We show for the first time that lenalidomide has clinical activity in this poor-risk cytogenetic subset of AML. The clinical trials described in this paper have been registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov under identifiers NCT00466895 and NCT00546897.
Establishing In Vitro Cultures of Autologous Tumor Cells for Use in Active Specific Immunotherapy (1993)

For active specific immunotherapy, autologous tumor cells grown in vitro may be a more appropriate source of tumor antigen than allogeneic tumor cell lines, autologous tumor cell suspensions, or purified/synthetic tumor antigen. A major limitation to this approach, however, has been the ability to reliably grow tumor cells from a high percentage of fresh tumor samples. We have harvested fresh tumors and attempted to establish short-term cultures of tumor cells to obtain 10(8) cells which could subsequently be used in autologous tumor cell vaccine programs. Fresh tumors were mechanically processed to initiate primary cultures in RPMI-1640 containing 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 2 mM glutamine, 10 mM N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-(2-ethanesulfonic acid), 15% fetal bovine serum, and antibiotics, incubated at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2. We were successful in growing 87 of 142 [61%, (95% confidence limits [55-68%]) of all tumors] including 39 of 58 (67%) melanomas, 10 of 10 (100%) renal cell carcinomas, 14 of 14 (100%) sarcomas, and 23 of 54 (43%) various adenocarcinomas. Success rates were not significantly higher in tumors obtained locally that were processed within 4 h of surgery, 51 of 78 (65%) versus 36 of 64 (56%) of those from farther away with longer delays in processing (p = 0.276). Of the 87 tumor cell lines established, 51 have been expanded for use in autologous tumor cell vaccine programs, and 40 have been used in the treatment of patients. We conclude that autologous tumors can be grown in vitro with sufficient reliability to make an autologous tumor cell line vaccine trial feasible.