gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunization with Purified Natural and Recombinant Allergens Induces Mouse IgG1 Antibodies That Recognize Similar Epitopes as Human IgE and Inhibit the Human IgE-Allergen Interaction and Allergen-Induced Basophil Degranulation (1998)

Molecular characterization of allergens by recombinant DNA technology has made rapid progress in the recent few years. In the present study we immunized mice with aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed purified recombinant major timothy grass pollen allergens (rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, rPhl p 5), dog albumin, a major animal dander allergen, and proteins with low (beta-lactoglobulin) or no (ribulose diphosphate carboxylase) allergenic potential in humans. Allergens that bind high levels of IgE in humans (Phl p 1, Phl p 5, dog albumin) induced high IgE and IgG1 levels in mice, whereas proteins with little or no allergenic activity in humans failed to induce significant IgE and IgG1 levels in mice. Continuous immunization for a period of 27 wk resulted in the production of mouse IgG1 Abs that recognized recombinant allergen fragments/epitopes defined by IgE Abs of allergic patients. As a consequence, allergen-specific mouse Abs strongly inhibited human IgE binding to the allergens and suppressed the allergen-induced histamine release from human basophils. In summary, our data indicate that 1) the allergenic potency of a protein may be related to its overall immunogenicity and 2) prolonged immunization with single purified recombinant allergens induces protective IgG Abs. The presented experimental in vivo/in vitro system allows the evaluation of Ag preparations (e.g., recombinant allergens) to be used for immunotherapy in humans.
Sorptive Behavior of Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films:  Implications for Chemical Vapor Sensing (2003)

Monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle materials were synthesized and characterized for use as sorptive layers on chemical sensors. Thiols investigated as monolayer-forming molecules included dodecanethiol, benzenethiol, 4-chlorobenzenethiol, 4-bromobenzenethiol, 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenethiol, 4-hydroxybenzenethiol, and 4-aminobenzenethiol. Films of selected monolayer-protected nanoparticle (MPN) materials were deposited on thickness shear mode devices and vapor uptake properties were measured at 298 K. Many, but not all, MPN-based sensing layers demonstrated rapid and reversible uptake of vapors, and sorptive selectivity varies with the monolayer structure. The mass of vapor sorbed per mass of sorptive material was determined and compared with poly(isobutylene) and poly(epichlorohydrin) as examples of simple sorptive polymers that have been used on vapor sensors. The nanoparticle-based films considered here were less sorptive than the selected polymers on a per-mass basis. Partition coefficients, which measure the mass of vapor sorbed per volume of the sorptive phase, were estimated for these MPN materials and found to be comparable to or less than those of the polymer layers. Implications for the roles of sorption and transduction in determining the performance of chemical sensors coated with nanoparticle-based films are discussed.
Efficacy of d-, l- and dl-Methionine for Growth of Chicks Fed Crystalline Amino Acid Diets (1975)

Four assays employing young male chicks were conducted to evaluate the relative efficacy of D-, L- and DL-methionine and to estimate the requirement for D- and L-methionine when serving as the sole source of sulfur amino acids or when added to a diet containing 0.27% L-cystine. Crystalline amino acid diets containing 14.9% protein equivalent and 4200 kcal. M.E./kg. were used in all assays. L-methionine supported faster and more efficient gains than D- or L-methionine when fed at levels below thhe requirement. At levels of supplementation near the requirement, however, equal efficacy was attained. When serving as the sole source of sulfur amino acids, the requirement as estimated by least squares for optimal gain was 0.58% of the diet or 104 mg./day for L-methionine and 0.59% or 104 mg./day for D-methionine. In the presence of cystine, the requirements were estimated at 0.27% or 49 mg./day and 0.30% or 52 mg./day for L- and D-methionine respectively. The results indicate that at lower levels of supplementation, L-methionine is a better source of sulfur amino acids than D-methionine. On the other hand, L- and D-methionine appear to have equal efficacy when incorporated into diets that are only marginally deficient in sulfur-bearing amino acids.
A Phase 1 Study of Mapatumumab (Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody to TRAIL-R1) in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies (2008)

Mapatumumab is well tolerated and further evaluation of this TRAIL-R1 targeting agent is warranted.
Sams Teach Yourself Oracle 8 in 21 Days (1997)

From the Publisher:
Understand the history behind the Oracle RDBMS and where terms such as DSS, OLTP, and data marts fit into the Oracle system; properly size your database and plan for future growth; take advantage of the Oracle Enterprise Manager for easy database navigation and management; create a safer system with security and backup techniques, including scheduling backups for off-peak hours; manage database storage with redo logs, control files, datafiles, and rollback segments; and create indexes and implement Parallel Options to improve usability and performance.
Removal of glomerular immune complexes in passive serum sickness nephritis by treatment in vivo with proteolytic enzymes. (1986)

The effect of in vivo protease treatment on glomerular immune complex deposits was investigated in passive serum sickness in mice and rats. BALB/c mice were injected intravenously with soluble immune complexes (IC) of cationic bovine gamma-globulin (BGG) antigen and rabbit anti-BGG antibody, or IC of native BGG and rabbit antibody. One hour after receiving IC, the time of maximal deposition, the mice were treated with chymopapain and subtilisin via five intraperitoneal doses at 10-minute intervals, and they were sacrificed 20 minutes after the last treatment. Only 2 of 15 treated mice given cationic IC had capillary wall deposits of antibody versus 13 of 16 control mice (p less than 0.001); only 1 of 16 treated mice given the more neutral IC had mesangial antibody deposits versus 11 of 16 control mice (p less than 0.001). Differences in BGG antigen were not apparent. In parallel studies, soluble IC containing rabbit antibody and cationic BGG antigen were administered intravenously to rats. After 1 hour, the rats received a single intravenous dose of chymopapain and subtilisin. Ninety minutes later the rats were sacrificed. As determined by immunofluorescence microscopy only 1 of 13 enzyme-treated rats had bright capillary wall deposits of BGG antigen versus 10 of 11 control rats (p less than 0.001); only 6 of 13 treated rats had deposits of rabbit antibody versus 10 of 11 control rats (p less than 0.05). Glomeruli isolated from enzyme-treated rats that had been injected with radioactive IC contained 44% less radioactivity (p less than 0.005). These observations indicate that treatment with proteases can promote the removal of glomerular IC deposits in vivo.
Solution of the Structure of the TNF-TNFR2 Complex (2010)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an inflammatory cytokine that has important roles in various immune responses, which are mediated through its two receptors, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2. Antibody-based therapy against TNF is used clinically to treat several chronic autoimmune diseases; however, such treatment sometimes results in serious side effects, which are thought to be caused by the blocking of signals from both TNFRs. Therefore, knowledge of the structural basis for the recognition of TNF by each receptor would be invaluable in designing TNFR-selective drugs. Here, we solved the 3.0 angstrom resolution structure of the TNF-TNFR2 complex, which provided insight into the molecular recognition of TNF by TNFR2. Comparison to the known TNFR1 structure highlighted several differences between the ligand-binding interfaces of the two receptors. Additionally, we also demonstrated that TNF-TNFR2 formed aggregates on the surface of cells, which may be required for signal initiation. These results may contribute to the design of therapeutics for autoimmune diseases.
Quantitative analysis of pharmaceutically active peptides using on-capillary analyte preconcentration transient isotachophoresis (2000)

An on-capillary adsorptive phase in combination with capillary electrophoresis (CE), frequently referred to as preconcentration CE, for quantitative analysis of low peptide concentrations was developed. The capillary containing the on-line analyte preconcentrator can be constructed within 5 min from commercially available extraction disks. These disks contain poly(styrenedivinylbenzene) adsorbent particles incorporated in a matrix of inert Teflon, creating a mechanically stable sorbent. Therefore, no frits are needed in the capillary to hold the stationary phase in place. Several parameters, such as the required minimal elution volume, required elution strength, sample application speed or ionic strength, and the capacity were investigated and special interest was given to the quantitative properties of the method. Instead of nL injections, volumes up to a least 25 microL are possible, yielding improvements in detection limits of 3-4 orders of magnitude. The observed limit of detection for both model peptides was 20 pg, corresponding to a 20 microL injection of a 1 ng/mL solution of both model peptides. Using low-wavelength UV detection, reproducibility and linearity in the low nanogram range were satisfactory. No influence of matrix salt concentrations was observed, extending the use of CE to all kinds of samples.
Gene expression analysis of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy: shared and distinct genes in the development of heart failure (2005)

Cardiomyopathy can be initiated by many factors, but the pathways from unique inciting mechanisms to the common end point of ventricular dilation and reduced cardiac output are unclear. We previously described a microarray-based prediction algorithm differentiating nonischemic (NICM) from ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) using nearest shrunken centroids. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that NICM and ICM would have both shared and distinct differentially expressed genes relative to normal hearts and compared gene expression of 21 NICM and 10 ICM samples with that of 6 nonfailing (NF) hearts using Affymetrix U133A GeneChips and significance analysis of microarrays. Compared with NF, 257 genes were differentially expressed in NICM and 72 genes in ICM. Only 41 genes were shared between the two comparisons, mainly involved in cell growth and signal transduction. Those uniquely expressed in NICM were frequently involved in metabolism, and those in ICM more often had catalytic activity. Novel genes included angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which was upregulated in NICM but not ICM, suggesting that ACE2 may offer differential therapeutic efficacy in NICM and ICM. In addition, a tumor necrosis factor receptor was downregulated in both NICM and ICM, demonstrating the different signaling pathways involved in heart failure pathophysiology. These results offer novel insight into unique disease-specific gene expression that exists between end-stage cardiomyopathy of different etiologies. This analysis demonstrates that transcriptome analysis offers insight into pathogenesis-based therapies in heart failure management and complements studies using expression-based profiling to diagnose heart failure of different etiologies.
Fat-specific Protein 27, a Novel Lipid Droplet Protein That Enhances Triglyceride Storage (2007)

Fat-specific protein (FSP)27/Cidec is most highly expressed in white and brown adipose tissues and increases in abundance by over 50-fold during adipogenesis. However, its function in adipocytes has remained elusive since its discovery over 15 years ago. Here we demonstrate that FSP27/Cidec localizes to lipid droplets in cultured adipocytes and functions to promote lipid accumulation. Ectopically expressed FSP27-GFP surrounds lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and colocalizes with the known lipid droplet protein perilipin. Immunostaining of endogenous FSP27 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes also confirmed its presence on lipid droplets. FSP27-GFP expression also markedly increases lipid droplet size and enhances accumulation of total neutral lipids in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes as well as other cell types such as COS cells. Conversely, RNA interference-based FSP27/Cidec depletion in mature adipocytes significantly stimulates lipolysis and reduces the size of lipid droplets. These data reveal FSP27/Cidec as a novel adipocyte lipid droplet protein that negatively regulates lipolysis and promotes triglyceride accumulation.
Helper Independent Recombinant Adenovirus Vectors: Expression of HIV env or HBV Surface Antigen (1990)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: recombinant viral vaccinesrecombinant adenovirus vectorsadenovirus vectors in AIDS vaccines
A comparison of oral micronized estradiol with soy phytoestrogen effects on tail skin temperatures of ovariectomized rats (2001)

Soy phytoestrogens have a modest effect on average skin temperatures, being about half that of E2, even at high doses in the rat model.
The Art of Meeting Palladium Specifications in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Produced by Pd‐Catalyzed Reactions (2004)

Abstract The use of palladium‐derived catalysts in the synthesis of fine chemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has become quite common in the last few decades. The number of palladium‐catalyzed synthetic reactions (both achiral and chiral) available to chemists has provided access to more complex structures in fewer steps and with less waste, due to the catalytic nature of many of the methods. An unfortunate side effect of using palladium is the potential for palladium‐containing impurities to remain in the desired compound after isolation. This is an especially significant problem for the pharmaceutical industry since there is a low limit for heavy metal impurities allowed in the drug substance. Therefore, various methods of removing palladium impurities from organic compounds of pharmaceutical interest have been developed. This review will provide a survey of the published methods but is not meant to be inclusive of all published material in this area of research.
Epibiotic microorganisms on copepods and other marine crustaceans (1997)

Although the occurrence of microbial (algal, protozoan, bacterial, and fungal) epibionts on marine crustaceans and other invertebrates has been documented repeatedly, the ecological context and significance of these relationships generally are not well understood. Recently, several studies have examined the population and community ecology of algal and protozoan epibionts on freshwater crustaceans. Even so, the study of microbial epibionts in aquatic environments is still in its infancy. In this review, we summarize associations of microalgae, protozoans, and bacteria with marine crustaceans, especially copepods. We note differences and commonalities across epibiont taxa, consider host-epibiont cycling of nutrients, generate hypotheses relevant to the ecology of the host and the epibiont, and suggest future research opportunities.
Numa protein is a human autoantigen (1984)

Routine examination of sera from patients with suspected or confirmed connective tissue disease has revealed the presence of autoantibodies directed against an unusual nuclear antigen. As characterized by immunofluorescence studies, the antigen is found exclusively in the nuclei of interphase cells, but appears to be part of the spindle pole in mitotic cells. Similar distributions in interphase and mitotic cells have been reported for the recently discovered nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) protein. Using immunoblot analysis we have demonstrated that the autoantibodies that decorate the mitotic spindle poles are specific for the NuMA protein. Therefore, we conclude that the NuMA protein is a human autoantigen.
Click-Chemie: diverse chemische Funktionalität mit einer Handvoll guter Reaktionen (2001)

Betrachtet man die in der Natur am häufigsten vorkommenden Verbindungen, so fällt auf, dass die Bildung von Kohlenstoff-Heteroatom-Bindungen gegenüber der von Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Bindungen deutlich bevorzugt ist. Da zum einen Kohlendioxid die Basisverbindung der Natur ist und andererseits das Medium natürlicher Reaktionen zumeist Wasser ist, überrascht dies sicherlich nicht. Nucleinsäuren, Proteine und Polysaccharide sind polymere Kondensationsprodukte kleiner Untereinheiten, die durch Kohlenstoff-Heteroatom-Bindungen verknüpft sind. Sogar die etwa 35 Baueinheiten, aus denen diese essentiellen Verbindungen bestehen, enthalten nicht mehr als sechs aufeinander folgende C-C-Bindungen, sieht man einmal von den drei aromatischen Aminosäuren ab. Mit der Natur als Vorbild richteten wir unser Interesse auf die Entwicklung leistungsfähiger, gut funktionierender und selektiver Reaktionen für die effiziente Synthese neuartiger nützlicher Verbindungen sowie kombinatorischer Bibliotheken mittels Heteroatomverknüpfungen (C-X-C). Diese Synthesestrategie nennen wir „Click-Chemie“. Click-Chemie ist durch eine Auswahl einiger weniger nahezu idealer Reaktionen charakterisiert, mit all ihren Grenzen und Möglichkeiten. In diesem Beitrag werden zum einen die strengen Kriterien, die Reaktionen erfüllen müssen, um die Bezeichnung „Click-Chemie“ zu verdienen, definiert, zum anderen werden Beispiele für molekulare Strukturen gegeben, die mit dieser spartanischen, aber dennoch leistungsfähigen Synthesestrategie leicht hergestellt werden können.
Normal and sonographic anatomy of selected peripheral nerves. Part III: Peripheral nerves of the lower limb (2012)

Badanie ultrasonograficzne jest obecnie coraz chtniej stosowan metod obrazowania nerww obwodowych, gdy stanowi doskonae uzupenienie badania klinicznego, elektromiografii czy badania metod rezonansu magnetycznego. Podobnie jak w przypadku innych rodzajw bada ultrasonograficznych, diagnostyka nerww obwodowych jest nieinwazyjna
A Difference Based Adder Graph Heuristic for Multiple Constant Multiplication Problems (2007)

Multiple constant multiplication (MCM), i.e., realizing a number of constant multiplications using a minimum number of adders and subtracters, has been an active research area for the last decade. An adder graph type algorithm for solving the MCM problem is introduced with a novel heuristic inspired by difference methods. It is shown that the results is as good or better as previous state of the art under most conditions. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm does not rely on look-up tables.
Chip-based genotyping by mass spectrometry (1999)

Silicon chips with immobilized target DNAs were used for accurate genotyping by mass spectrometry. Genomic DNAs were amplified with PCR, and the amplified products were covalently attached to chip wells via N-succinimidyl (4-iodoacetyl)aminobenzoate (SIAB) chemistry. Primer annealing, extension, and termination were performed on a 1-microl scale directly in the chip wells in parallel. Diagnostic products thus generated were detected in situ by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. This miniaturized method has the potential for accurate, high-throughput, low-cost identification of genetic variations.
Chronic Treatment After Acute Myocardial Infarction (1989)

Nitrates are beneficial in post-myocardial infarction patients with stable, unstable, and Prinzmetal's variant angina and as adjunctive therapy in congestive heart failure. They are available in multiple formulations that differ in chemical structure, pharmacokinetics, onset and duration of activity, and peak effect; all of these variables may condition the choice of nitrate preparation and routes of administration. Other conditions, such as different types of angina, intensity of symptomatology, psychological attitude, patient's compliance, and cost of treatment, have to be taken into account. The potential problem of nitrate tolerance requires further evaluation and can be prevented or reversed with intermittent-dosing regimens. Up-to-date nitrates continue to be a mainstay in the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction, especially if complicated by painful or silent ischemia.
Intrasacral meningocele in the pediatric population (2013)

Intrasacral meningoceles are rare lesions that may result from a congenital dural weakness and a resultant arachnoid diverticulum. They present in childhood either incidentally or with symptoms secondary to nerve root compression. Identification of the point of herniation through the dura mater and ligation of the lesion provides cyst cure and resolution of symptoms in most patients.
Triazines and related products. Part 27. Thermolysis of 4-anilino-1,2,3-benzotriazines (1984)

Thermolysis of 4-(4-cyanoanilino)-1,2,3-benzotriazine (1a) in morpholine affords 3-[2-amino-N-(4-cyanophenyl)benzimidoyl]-4-(4-cyanophenylimino)-3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-benzotriazine (3a) in addition to the major product 2-amino-N2-(4-cyanophenyl)-N1N1-oxydiethylenebenzamidine (2a). The yield of (3a) increases if high boiling non-nucleophilic solvents are employed as the thermolysis medium. Decomposition of (3a) in hot acetic acid affords derivatives of 4-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-phenyl-quinazoline.
NAD to the Rescue (2004)

Identified 15 years ago, the Wld mouse carries a spontaneous mutation that encodes a fusion protein with neuroprotective properties. In a Perspective, [Simon][1] discusses new work ([ Araki et al .][2]) that identifies the Nmnat1 fragment of the fusion protein as mediating neuroprotection by boosting NAD biosynthesis and increasing the activity of the NAD-dependent deacetylase, SIRT1, a regulator of transcription.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/305/5686/954
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/305/5686/1010
Independent individual addressing of multiple neutral atom qubits with a micromirror-based beam steering system (2010)

We demonstrate a scalable approach to addressing multiple atomic qubits for use in quantum information processing. Individually trapped R87b atoms in a linear array are selectively manipulated with a single laser guided by a microelectromechanical beam steering system. Single qubit oscillations are shown on multiple sites at frequencies of ≃3.5 MHz with negligible crosstalk to neighboring sites. Switching times between the central atom and its closest neighbor were measured to be 6–7 μs while moving between the central atom and an atom two trap sites away took 10–14 μs.