gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model fusion of conditional random fields (2007)

This paper introduces two model fusion methods on a series of sub-models of Conditional Random Fields (CRFs): majority voting and feature fusion. The former performs on the results of each participant without any consideration about the underlying details of each sub-model, and the latter takes place on feature level to produce modified feature weights of CRFs to merge all sub-models into a single one. Experiments on syntactic data and part-of-speech tagging problem shows that by dividing training corpus into small parts and using model fusion techniques, comparable results will be achieved.
Myriad 2: Eye of the computational vision storm (2014)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the authors' conference presentation on the special features, system design and architectures, processing capabilities, and targeted markets for Movidius' Myraid 2, mobile vision processor family of products.
Wrapper-based evolution of legacy information systems (2006)

System evolution most often implies the integration of legacy components, such as databases, with newly developed ones, leading to mixed architectures that suffer from severe heterogeneity problems. For instance, incorporating a new program in a legacy database application can create an integrity mismatch, since the database model and the program data view can be quite different (e.g. standard file model versus OO model). In addition, neither the legacy DBMS (too weak to address integrity issues correctly) nor the new program (that relies on data server responsibility) correctly cope with data integrity management. The component that can reconciliate these mismatched subsystems is the R/W wrapper , which allows any client program to read, but also to update the legacy data, while controlling the integrity constraints that are ignored by the legacy DBMS.This article describes a generic, technology-independent, R/W wrapper architecture, a methodology for specifying them in a disciplined way, and a CASE tool for generating most of the corresponding code.The key concept is that of implicit construct , which is a structure or a constraint that has not been declared in the database, but which is controlled by the legacy application code. The implicit constructs are elicited through reverse engineering techniques, and then translated into validation code in the wrapper. For instance, a wrapper can be generated for a collection of COBOL files in order to allow external programs to access them through a relational, object-oriented or XML interface, while offering referential integrity control. The methodology is based on a transformational approach that provides a formal way to build the wrapper schema and to specify inter-schema mappings.
The effects of heparin on DLD-1 colon cancer cell line. (2009)

Heparin has no significant anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on colon cancer cells in vitro. Therefore, for clinical applications, more advanced studies are needed to examine the effect of heparin on colon cancer (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 25). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.
Expression of the c-met proto-oncogene and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, in Hodgkin disease (2001)

The receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that is encoded by the proto-oncogene c-met. Recently, c-MET was detected in Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells from Epstein-Barr virus-positive (EBV(+)) Hodgkin disease (HD). The c-MET, EBER-1, and LMP-1 expression in 45 lymph node biopsies and 12 bone marrow biopsies obtained from patients with HD was analyzed. In addition, HGF levels in serum samples from 80 healthy individuals and 135 HD patients in different phases of disease. In all 45 lymph node and 12 bone marrow samples examined, RS cells expressed c-MET but not HGF(+). These results were independent of the EBV infection. Interestingly, several HGF(+) dendritic-reticulum cells were found scattered around c-MET(+) RS cells. The mean +/- SEM serum HGF levels in HD patients at diagnosis and at the time of relapse were 1403 +/- 91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1221-1585) and 1497 +/- 242 pg/mL (95% CI, 977-2017), respectively. HGF values were significantly higher than those of healthy individuals (665 +/- 28 pg/mL; 95% CI, 600-721; and P <.001 for both groups of patients) and of HD patients in remission (616 +/- 49 pg/mL; 95% CI, 517-714; and P <.001 for both groups of patients). A significant correlation was found between serum HGF levels and B symptoms at diagnosis (P =.014). In conclusion, this study indicates that HGF and c-MET constitute an additional signaling pathway between RS cells and the reactive cellular background, thereby affecting adhesion, proliferation, and survival of RS cells. Furthermore, the serum concentration of HGF in HD patients may be a useful tool in monitoring the status of disease.
Craniosynostosis : Updates in Radiologic Diagnosis (2016)

The purpose of this article is to review imaging findings and to discuss the optimal imaging methods for craniosynostosis. The discussion of imaging findings are focused on ultrasonography, plain radiography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography with 3-dimensional reconstruction. We suggest a strategy for imaging work-up for the diagnosis, treatment planning and follow-up to minimize or avoid ionized radiation exposure to children by reviewing the current literature.
MOSFET flyback-diode conduction and dV/dt effects in power ICs in low-voltage motor control applications (2002)

In a power IC, the direct drive of a low-voltage motor by one or more MOSFET half-bridges results in inductive-flyback diode conduction during switching transitions. PISCES computer simulation reveals that this diode current in an integrated lateral MOSFET manifests itself as parasitic bipolar conduction where a substantial fraction of the carriers injected from the forward-biased drain-to-body junction is collected by the transistor's source. The physics of parasitic bipolar turn-off, or recovery, is shown to depend on the application. The resulting driving-point conditions can be classified into one of three possible diode recovery scenarios. In either natural or synchronously clamped recovery, high dV/dt is prevented by the inductive time constant of the motor. In forced recovery operation, fast diode turn-off and high dV/dt results from shoot-through between the recovering diode and the MOSFET within a given half-bridge. analysis reveals that a high dV/dt leading to minority carrier injection from the source slows the forced reverse-recovery time without leading to destructive snapback.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
New chiral heterogeneous catalysts based on mesoporous silica: asymmetric diethylzinc addition to benzaldehyde (2000)

New heterogeneous catalyst systems have been developed employing a proline-derived ligand immobilized on mesoporous silicas; asymmetric diethylzinc addition to benzaldehyde was carried out using the catalyst systems; the reaction enantioselectivity was found to be largely dependent upon the pore size of the mesoporous silicas, capping of free silanol moieties with trimethylsilyl group and employment of BunLi.
Building on employee strengths at Sony Europe: A three‐step process to maximize staff contributions to the business (2006)

When Sony Europe began a restructure in 2003, Roy White, its VP of HR, realized that identifying and focusing on each employee’s key strengths would be crucial to enhancing performance. Here, he explains how by introducing mentoring projects under a three‐step plan, the organization encouraged employees to focus on what they do best and maximize their contribution to the bottom line.
Referenceless image quality evaluation for whole slide imaging (2012)

The results of our experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed image quality evaluation method in both objective and subjective image quality measurements. Finally, we demonstrated the application of the proposed evaluation method to the WSI image quality assessment and automatic rescanning in the WSI scanner.
Probing neurochemical structure and function of retinal ON bipolar cells with a transgenic mouse (2008)

Retinal ON bipolar cells make up about 70% of all bipolar cells. Glutamate hyperpolarizes these cells by binding to the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6, activating the G-protein G(o1), and closing an unidentified cation channel. To facilitate investigation of ON bipolar cells, we here report on the production of a transgenic mouse (Grm6-GFP) in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), under control of mGluR6 promoter, was expressed in all and only ON bipolar cells. We used the mouse to determine density of ON bipolar cells, which in central retina was 29,600 cells/mm(2). We further sorted the fluorescent cells and created a pure ON bipolar cDNA library that was negative for photoreceptor unique genes. With this library, we determined expression of 27 genes of interest. We obtained positive transcripts for G(o) interactors: regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS), Ret-RGS1 (a variant of RGS20), RGS16, RGS7, purkinje cell protein 2 (PCP2, also called L7 or GPSM4), synembryn (RIC-8), LGN (GPSM2), RAP1GAP, and Gbeta5; cGMP modulators: guanylyl cyclase (GC) 1alpha1, GC1beta1, phosphodiesterase (PDE) 1C, and PDE9A; and channels: inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir2.4, transient receptor potential TRPC2, and sperm-specific cation channels CatSper 2-4. The following transcripts were not found in our library: AGS3 (GPSM1), RGS10, RGS19 (GAIP), calbindin, GC1alpha2, GC1beta2, PDE5, PDE2A, amiloride-sensitive sodium channel ACCN4, and CatSper1. We then localized Kir2.4 to several cell types and showed that, in ON bipolar cells, the channel concentrates in their dendritic tips. The channels and modulators found in ON bipolar cells likely shape their light response. Additional uses of the Grm6-GFP mouse are also discussed.
Delineation of a CpG Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotide for Activating Primate Immune Responses In Vitro and In Vivo (2000)

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides within specific sequence contexts (CpG motifs) are detected, like bacterial or viral DNA, as a danger signal by the vertebrate immune system. CpG ODN synthesized with a nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate backbone have been shown to be potent Th1-directed adjuvants in mice, but these motifs have been relatively inactive on primate leukocytes in vitro. Moreover, in vitro assays that predict in vivo adjuvant activity for primates have not been reported. In the present study we tested a panel of CpG ODN for their in vitro and in vivo immune effects in mice and identified in vitro activation of B and NK cells as excellent predictors of in vivo adjuvant activity. Therefore, we tested >250 phosphorothioate ODN for their capacity to stimulate proliferation and CD86 expression of human B cells and to induce lytic activity and CD69 expression of human NK cells. These studies revealed that the sequence, number, and spacing of individual CpG motifs contribute to the immunostimulatory activity of a CpG phosphorothioate ODN. An ODN with a TpC dinucleotide at the 5' end followed by three 6 mer CpG motifs (5'-GTCGTT-3') separated by TpT dinucleotides consistently showed the highest activity for human, chimpanzee, and rhesus monkey leukocytes. Chimpanzees or monkeys vaccinated once against hepatitis B with this CpG ODN adjuvant developed 15 times higher anti-hepatitis B Ab titers than those receiving vaccine alone. In conclusion, we report an optimal human CpG motif for phosphorothioate ODN that is a candidate human vaccine adjuvant.
Mass spectrometric investigations of mosquito attraction to human skin emanations / (1995)

ObjectivesThe primary goal of this work is to provide a better understanding of the chemical basis for the attraction of mosquitoes to human hosts.Novel studies and approaches were conducted in three areas to meet this goal.The first objective is to determine the best method of sample introduction for analysis.The decision involves balancing sensitivity, resolution, as well as selectivity.Here, selectivity implies sampling in a manner similar to that in which mosquitoes are exposed, i.e. a volatile sample in the gas phase.The second objective of this work is to determine methods to alter attraction.Studies involving changing the matrix conditions of a sample and the effect on attraction will be addressed.The third objective is to determine compounds which emanate from the skin.This objective is closely linked to sampling in that the sampling method ultimately determines how many and which compounds are detected.An important component of this objective is to differentiate between unattractive and attractive components which emanate from the skin.This has been approached by case studies involving the comparison of skin emanations between hosts who differ in attraction to mosquitoes and by monitoring spectrometric assay results.The conclusions and suggested future experiments are contained in the sixth and final chapter of this dissertation.The appendix to this dissertation is located after Chapter 6; this appendix covers preliminary work conducted with carbon dioxide as a reagent gas for chemical ionization.CHAPTER 2 SAMPLING METHODS '5 detected in the cryo-focused analyses.Additionally, purge and trap analyses involving the sampling of the hand enclosed in a Tedlar bag provided the most accurate sampling introduction method with respect to analyzing airborne volatiles emanated from the skin.
PI3K is critical for the nuclear translocation of IRF-7 and type I IFN production by human plasmacytoid predendritic cells in response to TLR activation (2008)

Plasmacytoid predendritic cells (pDCs) are the main producers of type I interferon (IFN) in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) has been shown to be activated by TLR triggering in multiple cell types; however, its role in pDC function is not known. We show that PI3K is activated by TLR stimulation in primary human pDCs and demonstrate, using specific inhibitors, that PI3K is required for type I IFN production by pDCs, both at the transcriptional and protein levels. Importantly, PI3K was not involved in other proinflammatory responses of pDCs, including tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 production and DC differentiation. pDCs preferentially expressed the PI3K delta subunit, which was specifically involved in the control of type I IFN production. Although uptake and endosomal trafficking of TLR ligands were not affected in the presence of PI3K inhibitors, there was a dramatic defect in the nuclear translocation of IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 7, whereas nuclear factor kappaB activation was preserved. Thus, PI3K selectively controls type I IFN production by regulating IRF-7 nuclear translocation in human pDCs and could serve as a novel target to inhibit pathogenic type I IFN in autoimmune diseases.
Siderophores: Structure and Function of Microbial Iron Transport Compounds (1995)

Siderophores are common products of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria and of fungi. Elucidation of the molecular genetics of siderophore synthesis, and the regulation of this process by iron, has been facilitated by the fact that E. coli uses its own siderophores as well as those derived from other species, including fungi. Overproduction of the siderophore and its transport system at low iron is in this species well established to be the result of negative transcriptional repression, but the detailed mechanism may be positive in other organisms. Siderophores are transported across the double membrane envelope of E. coli via a gating mechanism linking the inner and outer membranes.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and its Proenzyme Using a Combination of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies (1986)

A sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and its inactive proenzyme (pro-u-PA) was developed. A monoclonal antibody was used as solid-phase antibody, while rabbit antibodies against human u-PA followed by peroxidase-conjugated third antibody were used for detection of bound u-PA. No reaction was observed with tissue-type plasminogen activator or with a variety of other human proteins. The assay was used for quantitation of u-PA in human urine and in culture fluid from human tumor cells. The recovery of added pro-u-PA was greater than 95%. A good agreement with the results obtained by enzymatic assays was found. The detection limit was less than 0.1 ng per ml, both for u-PA and pro-u-PA. The advantages of the use of ELISA compared with enzymatic assays and radioimmunoassays for quantitation of u-PA and pro-u-PA in biological samples are discussed.
Design of Porous Polymeric Materials from Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs):  Poly(dl-lactide)/Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Based Semi-IPN Systems (2005)

Oligoester-containing semiinterpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) can be effectively used as precursors for the generation of (meso)porous networks with tunable pore sizes. In a first step, novel poly(dl-lactide) (PLA)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based semi-IPNs were prepared by varying two structural parameters, namely the cross-link density of PMMA subnetwork (initial MMA/dimethacrylate composition ranging from 99/1 to 90/10 mol %) and the cross-linker nature (bisphenol A dimethacrylate, diurethane dimethacrylate). The kinetics of the free-radical cross-linking process was monitored by real-time near-infrared spectroscopy. In a second step, the extraction of the un-cross-linked oligoester subchains from the semi-IPNs was investigated. The possibilities afforded by this straightforward and versatile route to (meso)porous polymeric materials were discussed, and the porosity of the resulting methacrylic networks was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermoporometry using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dependence of pore sizes and pore size distributions on the cross-linker content and nature could be related to turbidity measurements of semi-IPN precursors and explained in terms of polymer−polymer miscibility through the evaluation of PLA/PMMA interaction parameters.
IL-11 Attenuates Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (IRI) through STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Mice (2015)

This work provides first-time evidence for the protective effect of IL-11 treatment on hepatocyte in liver IRI, through the activation of the STAT3 pathway.
Structure-Based Design and Preclinical Characterization of Selective and Orally Bioavailable Factor XIa Inhibitors: Demonstrating the Power of an Integrated S1 Protease Family Approach (2020)

The serine protease factor XI (FXI) is a prominent drug target as it holds promise to deliver efficacious anticoagulation without an enhanced risk of major bleeds. Several efforts have been described targeting the active form of the enzyme, FXIa. Herein, we disclose our efforts to identify potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of FXIa. Compound <b>1</b>, identified from a diverse library of internal serine protease inhibitors, was originally designed as a complement factor D inhibitor and exhibited submicromolar FXIa activity and an encouraging absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profile while being devoid of a peptidomimetic architecture. Optimization of interactions in the S1, S1β, and S1' pockets of FXIa through a combination of structure-based drug design and traditional medicinal chemistry led to the discovery of compound <b>23</b> with subnanomolar potency on FXIa, enhanced selectivity over other coagulation proteases, and a preclinical pharmacokinetics (PK) profile consistent with bid dosing in patients.
Bovine plasminogen activator inhibitor 1: Specificity determinations and comparison of the active, latent, and guanidine-activated forms (1988)

The plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) synthesized and released by cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells is present in conditioned medium in a latent form that can be activated by guanidine hydrochloride [Hekman, C. M., & Loskutoff, D. J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 11581-11587]. The purified, guanidine-activated PAI-1 was shown to inhibit both plasmin and trypsin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Second-order rate constants for these interactions were calculated to be 6.6 X 10(5) and 7.0 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 for plasmin and trypsin, respectively. Experiments were conducted to compare the inherently active and the guanidine-activated forms of PAI-1. The two active forms had similar kinetic parameters for interaction with urokinase (Kd, 0.3 pM; kassoc, 1.5 X 10(8) M-1 s-1) and were both inactivated upon treatment with acid or base and by incubation at 37 degrees C. The latent form was relatively stable when incubated under similar conditions. The decrease in PAI-1 activity upon incubation at 37 degrees C was partially restored by a second treatment with guanidine hydrochloride. However, the degree of recovery decreased as a function of incubation time at 37 degrees C. These data suggest that active and guanidine-activated PAI-1 represent a single form of PAI-1. Incubation of this form at 37 degrees C yields two distinct populations of inactive PAI-1, one capable of reactivation and another that appears to be irreversibly inactivated.
B‐domain deleted recombinant factor VIII preparations are bioequivalent to a monoclonal antibody purified plasma‐derived factor VIII concentrate: a randomized, three‐way crossover study (2005)

Results show that each BDDrFVIII formulation is bioequivalent to Hemofil M and the two formulations of BDDrFVIII are bioequivalent to each other.
The transition from symmetric to asymmetric discharges in pulsed 13.56 MHz capacitively coupled plasmas (1997)

The behavior of a rapidly pulsed radio-frequency capacitively coupled parallel plate reactor has been investigated using time-resolved voltage probe, microwave interferometer, and optical emission techniques. The reactor was operated with 50 mTorr of argon and 100 W rf power (measured at the generator) at 13.56 MHz supplied to the 100-mm-diam powered electrode, with pulse durations of 25 and 100 μs. For low repetition rates (50 Hz) the voltage envelope has a characteristic form which has been entitled the “Bird’s Head.” There is no plasma present at the beginning of the pulse, so that an initial breakdown phase occurs. This phase lasts about 600 ns, after which time the plasma density is sufficiently high for the Debye length to enter the gap between the electrodes and for sheaths to form on the electrodes. In asymmetric parallel plate reactors the blocking capacitor in the matching circuit charges such that the powered electrode acquires a continuous negative voltage offset (the so-called dc bias). In this system the charging time of the capacitor is longer than the rise time of the rf voltage. Consequently, for the first few μs of the pulse the discharge is symmetric (no dc bias) and confined between the rf and the adjacent earthed electrode. As the bias voltage increases the discharge fills more of the reactor and becomes asymmetric. The rate at which the blocking capacitor charges (due to net electron current from the plasma to the powered electrode) is controlled by the Bohm-criterion limited flux of ions to the earthed walls of the reactor, as shown by particle-in-cell simulations in H. B. Smith, C. Charles, and R. W. Boswell, J. Appl. Phys. 82, 561 (1997). At high repetition rates (20 kHz) the plasma density is hardly modulated, there is no breakdown or symmetric phase, and only the electron temperature and dc bias are modulated. The conditions which lead to a symmetric discharge phase are defined. A simple analytical model is developed to describe the temporal evolution of the plasma density and electron temperature. The model is in good qualitative agreement with the observations, and predicts an average electron energy of 10’s of eV during the first few μs of the symmetric discharge.