gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate resin candy for control of potassium in chronic dialysis patients. (1976)

A stable candy with 5.0 g sodium polystyrene sulfonate resin per piece was developed. In vitro testing indicated decrease in potassium concentration of 1.0 mEq per gram of resin. Six chronic dialysis patients with predialysis serum potassium of 5.2 mEq per liter or greater participated in a two week blind trial. No change in diet or dialysis routine was made during the study. Analysis of serum potassium by paired "t" test showed mean potassium decrease of 0.7 mEq per liter during treatment (P less than 0.001). Patient compliance and acceptance was excellent during the trial. Use in the treatment of chronic hyperkalemia may be worthwhile in the care of long-term dialysis patients.
4D phase contrast MRI at 3 T: Effect of standard and blood‐pool contrast agents on SNR, PC‐MRA, and blood flow visualization (2009)

Time-resolved phase contrast (PC) MRI with velocity encoding in three directions (flow-sensitive four-dimensional MRI) can be employed to assess three-dimensional blood flow in the entire aortic lumen within a single measurement. These data can be used not only for the visualization of blood flow but also to derive additional information on vascular geometry with three-dimensional PC MR angiography (MRA). As PC-MRA is sensitive to available signal-to-noise ratio, standard and novel blood pool contrast agents may help to enhance PC-MRA image quality. In a group of 30 healthy volunteers, the influence of different contrast agents on vascular signal-to-noise ratio, PC-MRA quality, and subsequent three-dimensional stream-line visualization in the thoracic aorta was determined. Flow-sensitive four-dimensional MRI data acquired with contrast agent provided significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio in magnitude data and noise reduction in velocity data compared to measurements without contrast media. The agreement of three-dimensional PC-MRA with reference standard contrast-enhanced MRA was good for both contrast agents, with improved PC-MRA performance for blood pool contrast agent, particularly for the smaller supra-aortic branches. For three-dimensional flow visualization, a trend toward improved results for the data with contrast agent was observed.
Clinical evaluation of technetium-99m-L,L-ethylenedicysteine in patients with chronic renal failure. (1997)

Technetium-99m-L,L-EC provides equally high-quality images to 99mTc-MAG3 in patients with chronic renal failure. Technetium-99m-L,L-EC clearance more closely resembles that of hippuran than does 99mTc-MAG3 clearance. These features together with its ease of preparation make 99mTc-L,L-EC an attractive alternative to 99mTc-MAG3 in patients with chronic renal failure.
Low Pressure Ethenolysis of Renewable Methyl Oleate in a Microchemical System (2011)

A microchemical system for ethenolysis of renewable methyl oleate was developed, in which the dual-phase, microfluidic design enabled efficient diffusion of ethylene gas into liquid methyl oleate through an increased contact area. The increased mass transfer of ethylene favored the formation of desired commodity chemicals with significantly suppressed homometathesis when compared to the bulk system. In addition to higher selectivity and conversion, this system also provides the typical advantages of a microchemical system, including the possibility of convenient scale-up.
A novel putative low-affinity insulin-like growth factor-binding protein, LIBC (lost in inflammatory breast cancer), and RhoC GTPase correlate with the inflammatory breast cancer phenotype. (1999)

Inflammatory breast cancer is a rapidly growing, distinct form of locally advanced breast cancer that carries a guarded prognosis. To identify the genes that contribute to this aggressive phenotype, we compared under- and overexpressed sequences in an inflammatory breast tumor cell line with those of actively replicating normal human mammary epithelial cell lines using differential display. Of the 17 transcripts isolated and characterized from these experiments, overexpression of RhoC GTPase and loss of expression of a novel gene on 6q22, LIBC (lost in inflammatory breast cancer), were highly correlated (P<0.0095 and P<0.0013, respectively) with the inflammatory phenotype when a panel of archival inflammatory breast cancers was compared with noninflammatory stage III breast cancers by in situ hybridization. This study suggests two new molecular markers specific for inflammatory breast cancer.
Strontium Ranelate Improves Bone Resistance by Increasing Bone Mass and Improving Architecture in Intact Female Rats (2004)

A long-term treatment with strontium ranelate in intact rats is very safe for bone and improves bone resistance by increasing bone mass and improving architecture while maintaining bone stiffness.
Recursive dynamic node creation in multilayer neural networks (1993)

The derivations of a novel approach for simultaneous recursive weight adaptation and node creation in multilayer backpropagation neural networks are presented. The method uses time and order update formulations in the orthogonal projection method to derive a recursive weight updating procedure for the training process of the neural network and a recursive node creation algorithm for weight adjustment of a layer with added nodes during the training process. The proposed approach allows optimal dynamic node creation in the sense that the mean-squared error is minimized for each new topology. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated on several benchmark problems (the multiplexer and the decoder problems) as well as a real world application for detection and classification of buried dielectric anomalies using a microwave sensor.
[Frequency of the appearance of Demodex sp. in various patient and age groups]. (2007)

Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are acari that can be found in hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the skin, especially on face of humans. In this study, Demodex sp was investigated in regard to allergic diseases, age and gender. A total of 197 patients (117 with rosacea, 29 with akne vulgaris, and 51 with allergic diseases) were examined using the standardized skin surface biopsy (SSSB) and 97 out of 197 (49.23%) cases were found to be positive by the Inonu University Medical Faculty Department of Parasitology. There was no significant difference between mite positivity and negativity between the genders, while a higher rate of Demodex sp. was found in patients with rosacea and a lower rate in patients under 20 years old (p0,005). As a result, patients over 20 years old, especially those with rosacea, must be investigated for Demodex sp.
Protein Interactions with the Glucose Transporter Binding Protein GLUT1CBP That Provide a Link between GLUT1 and the Cytoskeleton (1999)

Subcellular targeting and the activity of facilitative glucose transporters are likely to be regulated by interactions with cellular proteins. This report describes the identification and characterization of a protein, GLUT1 C-terminal binding protein (GLUT1CBP), that binds via a PDZ domain to the C terminus of GLUT1. The interaction requires the C-terminal four amino acids of GLUT1 and is isoform specific because GLUT1CBP does not interact with the C terminus of GLUT3 or GLUT4. Most rat tissues examined contain both GLUT1CBP and GLUT1 mRNA, whereas only small intestine lacked detectable GLUT1CBP protein. GLUT1CBP is also expressed in primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes, as well as in Chinese hamster ovary, 3T3-L1, Madin-Darby canine kidney, Caco-2, and pheochromocytoma-12 cell lines. GLUT1CBP is able to bind to native GLUT1 extracted from cell membranes, self-associate, or interact with the cytoskeletal proteins myosin VI, alpha-actinin-1, and the kinesin superfamily protein KIF-1B. The presence of a PDZ domain places GLUT1CBP among a growing family of structural and regulatory proteins, many of which are localized to areas of membrane specialization. This and its ability to interact with GLUT1 and cytoskeletal proteins implicate GLUT1CBP in cellular mechanisms for targeting GLUT1 to specific subcellular sites either by tethering the transporter to cytoskeletal motor proteins or by anchoring the transporter to the actin cytoskeleton.
An Edge-Bundling Layout for Interactive Parallel Coordinates (2014)

Parallel Coordinates is an often used visualization method for multidimensional data sets. Its main challenges for large data sets are visual clutter and over plotting which hamper the recognition of patterns in the data. We present an edge-bundling method using density-based clustering for each dimension. This reduces clutter and provides a faster overview of clusters and trends. Moreover, it allows rendering the clustered lines using polygons, decreasing rendering time remarkably. In addition, we design interactions to support multidimensional clustering with this method. A user study shows improvements over the classic parallel coordinates plot in two user tasks: correlation estimation and subset tracing.
Voice Activity Detection. Fundamentals and Speech Recognition System Robustness (2007)

Robust Speech Recognition and Understanding 2 recently reported strategies by assessing the speech/non-speech discrimination accuracy and the robustness of speech recognition systems.
Effects of n-3 fatty acids on major cardiovascular events in statin users and non-users with a history of myocardial infarction (2012)

In patients with a history of MI who are not treated with statins, low-dose supplementation with n-3 fatty acids may reduce major cardiovascular events. This study suggests that statin treatment modifies the effects of n-3 fatty acids on the incidence of major cardiovascular events.
Learning Activity Progression in LSTMs for Activity Detection and Early Detection (2016)

In this work we improve training of temporal deep models to better learn activity progression for activity detection and early detection tasks. Conventionally, when training a Recurrent Neural Network, specifically a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model, the training loss only considers classification error. However, we argue that the detection score of the correct activity category, or the detection score margin between the correct and incorrect categories, should be monotonically non-decreasing as the model observes more of the activity. We design novel ranking losses that directly penalize the model on violation of such monotonicities, which are used together with classification loss in training of LSTM models. Evaluation on ActivityNet shows significant benefits of the proposed ranking losses in both activity detection and early detection tasks.
Different combinations of cysteine-rich repeats mediate binding of low density lipoprotein receptor to two different proteins (1989)

Seven imperfect repeats of a 40-amino acid cysteine-rich sequence constitute the ligand binding domain of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. To assess the contribution of each repeat, three site-directed mutations were made individually in each repeat: 1) deletion of the repeat, 2) substitution of a conserved isoleucine with aspartic acid, and 3) substitution of a conserved aspartic acid with tyrosine. cDNAs containing these mutations were transfected into simian COS cells and assayed for their ability to bind LDL, which contains a 500-kDa protein ligand (apoB-100), and beta-migrating very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL), which contains multiple copies of a 33-kDa ligand (apoE). The results showed that binding of the two ligands required different combinations of repeats. LDL binding required repeats 3-7; deletion of any one of these repeats markedly reduced LDL binding. In contrast, beta-migrating very low density lipoprotein binding was insensitive to the loss of any single repeat with the important exception of repeat 5, whose loss reduced binding by 60%. The same effects were obtained when each of the repeats was altered by either of the two substitution mutations. The current findings suggest that a multiplicity of cysteine-rich repeats may allow a single protein to bind several different protein ligands by employing different combinations of repeats.
Contributions of Antibiotic Penetration, Oxygen Limitation, and Low Metabolic Activity to Tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms to Ciprofloxacin and Tobramycin (2002)

The roles of slow antibiotic penetration, oxygen limitation, and low metabolic activity in the tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilms to killing by antibiotics were investigated in vitro. Tobramycin and ciprofloxacin penetrated biofilms but failed to effectively kill the bacteria. Bacteria in colony biofilms survived prolonged exposure to either 10 micro g of tobramycin ml(-1)or 1.0 micro g of ciprofloxacin ml(-1). After 100 h of antibiotic treatment, during which the colony biofilms were transferred to fresh antibiotic-containing plates every 24 h, the log reduction in viable cell numbers was only 0.49 +/- 0.18 for tobramycin and 1.42 +/- 0.03 for ciprofloxacin. Antibiotic permeation through colony biofilms, indicated by a diffusion cell bioassay, demonstrated that there was no acceleration in bacterial killing once the antibiotics penetrated the biofilms. These results suggested that limited antibiotic diffusion is not the primary protective mechanism for these biofilms. Transmission electron microscopic observations of antibiotic-affected cells showed lysed, vacuolated, and elongated cells exclusively near the air interface in antibiotic-treated biofilms, suggesting a role for oxygen limitation in protecting biofilm bacteria from antibiotics. To test this hypothesis, a microelectrode analysis was performed. The results demonstrated that oxygen penetrated 50 to 90 micro m into the biofilm from the air interface. This oxic zone correlated to the region of the biofilm where an inducible green fluorescent protein was expressed, indicating that this was the active zone of bacterial metabolic activity. These results show that oxygen limitation and low metabolic activity in the interior of the biofilm, not poor antibiotic penetration, are correlated with antibiotic tolerance of this P. aeruginosa biofilm system.
Integration and excision by the large serine recombinase φRv1 integrase (2005)

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis prophage-like element phiRv1 encodes a site-specific recombination system utilizing an integrase of the serine recombinase family. Recombination occurs between a putative attP site and the host chromosome, but is unusual in that the attB site lies within a redundant repetitive element (REP13E12) of which there are seven copies in the M. tuberculosis genome; four of these elements contain attB sites suitable for phiRv1 integration in vivo. Although the mechanism of directional control of large serine integrases is poorly understood, a recombination directionality factor (RDF) has been identified that is required for phiRv1 integrase-mediated excisive recombination in vivo. Here we describe defined in vitro recombination reactions for both phiRv1 integrase-mediated integration and excision and show that the phiRv1 RDF is not only required for excision but inhibits integrative recombination; neither reaction requires DNA supercoiling, host factors, or high-energy cofactors. Integration, excision and excise-mediated inhibition of integration require simple substrates sites, indicating that the control of directionality does not involve the manipulation of higher-order protein-DNA architectures as described for the tyrosine integrases.
Diverging Mechanisms of Activation of Chemokine Receptors Revealed by Novel Chemokine Agonists (2011)

CXCL8/interleukin-8 is a pro-inflammatory chemokine that triggers pleiotropic responses, including inflammation, angiogenesis, wound healing and tumorigenesis. We engineered the first selective CXCR1 agonists on the basis of residue substitutions in the conserved ELR triad and CXC motif of CXCL8. Our data reveal that the molecular mechanisms of activation of CXCR1 and CXCR2 are distinct: the N-loop of CXCL8 is the major determinant for CXCR1 activation, whereas the N-terminus of CXCL8 (ELR and CXC) is essential for CXCR2 activation. We also found that activation of CXCR1 cross-desensitized CXCR2 responses in human neutrophils co-expressing both receptors, indicating that these novel CXCR1 agonists represent a new class of anti-inflammatory agents. Further, these selective CXCR1 agonists will aid at elucidating the functional significance of CXCR1 in vivo under pathophysiological conditions.
Evaluation of Nonstarch Polysaccharides and Oligosaccharide Content of Different Soybean Varieties (Glycine max) by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Proteomics (2005)

A total of 832 samples of soybeans were screened by near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy, to identify soybean samples with a lower content of oligosaccharides and nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP). Of these, 38 samples were identified on the basis of variation in protein content and agronomic value and submitted to high-resolution NIR spectroscopy. On the basis of the NIR data, 12 samples were further selected for chromatographic characterization of carbohydrate composition (mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides and NSP). Their soluble proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Using partial least-squares regression (PLSR), it was possible to predict the content of total NSP from the high-resolution NIR spectra, suggesting that NIR is a suitable and rapid nondestructive method to determine carbohydrate composition in soybeans. The 2DE analyses showed varying intensities of several proteins, including the glycinin G1 precursor. PLSR analysis showed a negative correlation between this protein and insoluble NSP and total uronic acid (UA).
Nonhomologous End Joining during Restriction Enzyme-Mediated DNA Integration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1998)

The BamHI restriction enzyme mediates integration of nonhomologous DNA into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome (R. H. Schiestl and T. D. Petes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:7585-7589, 1991). The present study investigates the mechanism of such events: in particular, the mediating activity of various restriction enzymes and the processing of resultant fragment ends. Our results show that in addition to BamHI, BglII and KpnI increase DNA integration efficiencies severalfold, while Asp718, HindIII, EcoRI, SalI, SmaI, HpaI, MscI, and SnaBI do not. Secondly, the three active enzymes stimulated integrations only of fragments containing 5' or 3' overhangs but not of blunt-ended fragments. Thirdly, integrations mediated by one enzyme and utilizing a substrate created by another required at least 2 bp of homology. Furthermore, an Asp718 fragment possessing a 5' overhang integrated into a KpnI (isoschizomer) site possessing a 3' overhang, most likely by filling of the 5' overhang followed by 5' exonuclease digestion to produce a 3' end. We classified and analyzed the restriction enzyme-mediated integration events in the context of their genomic positions. The majority of events integrated into single sites. In the remaining 6 of 19 cases each end of the plasmid inserted into a different sequence, producing rearrangements such as duplications, deletions, and translocations.
Docetaxel (Taxotere): preclinical and general clinical information. (1999)

Docetaxel (Taxotere; Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, PA) is the second member of the taxane class of cytotoxic agents to reach clinical use. The development of docetaxel was remarkably rapid, from the initial hemisynthesis in 1986 to worldwide filing for commercial use in 1994. Docetaxel is now approved in over 90 countries. As the use of docetaxel expands as a result of continuing preclinical and clinical investigation, better strategies for treatment of patients with cancer are emerging. This report reviews certain important new developments regarding docetaxel involving both its pharmacology and use in practice.
THE DIAGONAL TENSOR APPROXIMATION (DTA) FOR OBJECTS IN A NON-CANONICAL INHOMOGENEOUS BACKGROUND (2011)

A non-canonical inhomogeneous background medium is one whose Green's function cannot be obtained by an analytical method. Electromagnetic scattering from objects embedded in a non-canonical inhomogeneous background medium is very challenging because of the computational complexity with the calculation of its Green's function and the multiple scattering between objects and the background. This work applies the Diagonal Tensor Approximation (DTA) to calculate the scattering from arbitrary objects in a noncanonical inhomogeneous background. Previously, the DTA has only been applied to a canonical background such as a homogeneous or layered background media. This approach employs a numerical method to obtain all Green's functions required in the calculation; an accurate DTA is used to calculate the scattering properties. In order to reduce the large number of simulations, we employ the symmetry and reciprocity in the Green's function calculation. Furthermore, considering that most realistic imaging measurements are made through a voltage probe usually represented by a wave port, we develop a method to convert the scattered field on the probe (the antenna) to the measured wave port voltage. Numerical results show that this method can obtain accurate scattering characteristics from arbitrary objects in a non-canonical inhomogeneous background medium in a microwave imaging system.
Optical fiber-based dispersion compensation using higher order modes near cutoff (1994)

Higher order spatial modes in optical fibers exhibit large, negative chromatic dispersion when operated near their cutoff wavelength. By using a spatial mode-converter to selectively excite a higher order mode in specially designed multimode fiber, this dispersion can be used to compensate the positive dispersion in conventional single-mode fiber spans. In this paper, issues related to compensating fiber and mode-converter design are explored. Experimental measurements in specially designed two-mode fibers operated in LP/sub 11/ mode show negative dispersion as large as -70 ps/nm/spl middot/km at 1555 nm. Pulse propagation and system experiments employing spatial mode-converters to excite LP/sub 11/ mode in a two-mode fiber demonstrate the feasibility of this technique for dispersion compensation in lightwave systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bioavailable Testosterone and Depressed Mood in Older Men: The Rancho Bernardo Study (1999)

A cross-sectional population-based study examined the association between endogenous sex hormones and depressed mood in community-dwelling older men. Participants included 856 men, ages 50-89 yr, who attended a clinic visit between 1984-87. Total and bioavailable testosterone, total and bioavailable estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in an endocrinology research laboratory. Depressed mood was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Levels of bioavailable testosterone and bioavailable estradiol decreased with age, but total testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and total estradiol did not. BDI scores increased with age. Low bioavailable testosterone levels and high BDI scores were associated with weight loss and lack of physical activity, but not with cigarette smoking or alcohol intake. By linear regression or quartile analysis the BDI score was significantly and inversely associated with bioavailable testosterone (both Ps = 0.007), independent of age, weight change, and physical activity; similar associations were seen for dihydrotestosterone (P = 0.048 and P = 0.09, respectively). Bioavailable testosterone levels were 17% lower for the 25 men with categorically defined depression than levels observed in all other men (P = 0.01). Neither total nor bioavailable estradiol was associated with depressed mood. These results suggest that testosterone treatment might improve depressed mood in older men who have low levels of bioavailable testosterone. A clinical trial is necessary to test this hypothesis.