gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene expression profiling reveals a signaling role of glutathione in redox regulation (2005)

Proteins can form reversible mixed disulfides with glutathione (GSH). It has been hypothesized that protein glutathionylation may represent a mechanism of redox regulation, in a fashion similar to that mediated by protein phosphorylation. We investigated whether GSH has a signaling role in the response of HL60 cells to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), in addition to its obvious antioxidant role. We identified early changes in gene expression induced at different times by H 2 O 2 treatment, under conditions that increase protein glutathionylation and minimal toxicity. We then investigated the effect of prior GSH depletion by buthionine sulfoximine and diethylmaleate on this response. The analysis revealed 2,016 genes regulated by H 2 O 2 . Of these, 215 genes showed GSH-dependent expression changes, classifiable into four clusters displaying down- or up-regulation by H 2 O 2 , either potentiated or inhibited by GSH depletion. The modulation of 20 selected genes was validated by real-time RT-PCR. The biological process categories overrepresented in the largest cluster (genes whose up-regulation was inhibited by GSH depletion) were NF-κB activation, transcription, and DNA methylation. This cluster also included several cytokine and chemokine ligands and receptors, the redox regulator thioredoxin interacting protein, and the histone deacetylase sirtuin. The cluster of genes whose up-regulation was potentiated by GSH depletion included two HSPs (HSP40 and HSP70) and the AP-1 transcription factor components Fos and FosB. This work demonstrates that GSH, in addition to its antioxidant and protective function against oxidative stress, has a specific signaling role in redox regulation.
Resonantly Enhanced Second-Harmonic Generation Using III–V Semiconductor All-Dielectric Metasurfaces (2016)

Nonlinear optical phenomena in nanostructured materials have been challenging our perceptions of nonlinear optical processes that have been explored since the invention of lasers. For example, the ability to control optical field confinement, enhancement, and scattering almost independently allows nonlinear frequency conversion efficiencies to be enhanced by many orders of magnitude compared to bulk materials. Also, the subwavelength length scale renders phase matching issues irrelevant. Compared with plasmonic nanostructures, dielectric resonator metamaterials show great promise for enhanced nonlinear optical processes due to their larger mode volumes. Here, we present, for the first time, resonantly enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG) using gallium arsenide (GaAs) based dielectric metasurfaces. Using arrays of cylindrical resonators we observe SHG enhancement factors as large as 10(4) relative to unpatterned GaAs. At the magnetic dipole resonance, we measure an absolute nonlinear conversion efficiency of ∼2 × 10(-5) with ∼3.4 GW/cm(2) pump intensity. The polarization properties of the SHG reveal that both bulk and surface nonlinearities play important roles in the observed nonlinear process.
Electro-Optics Handbook (1994)

All-inclusive opto electronics guideA valuable must-have tool for electronic and optical engineers, this Handbook is the only single-volume, tell-it-all guide to the use of optical devices and light in electronics systems. Developed by a towering figure in the field, this manual familiarizes you with UV, VUV and X-Ray lasers; visible, solid-state, semiconductor and infrared gas lasers; FEL and ultrashort laser pulses; visible and infrared optical materials; infrared and imaging detectors; optical fibers and fiber optic sensors; holography; laser spectroscopy and photochemistry; high resolution lithography for optoelectronics; and much more. In this up-to-the-minute edition you'll find new chapters on optical communications, electro-optic devices, and high intensity optical fields, in addition to extensively updated material throughout, and abundant charts, diagrams and data tables.
多主体因素——评理查德·罗蒂的认识论行为主义 (1984)

可以用康德用语对罗蒂的哲学批判作如下概括:扬弃作为认识论的哲学,代之以作为诠释学的哲学。罗蒂认为诠释学不应步认识论的后尘,也不应成为用以获得后者始终未能获得的那些结果的学科或方法。罗蒂想瓦解下述哲学信条:1.必须用哲学观点看待人的精神;2.认识必须有基础,必须有认识论;3.必须(以康德为榜样)科学而系统地
New class of Si-based superlattices: Alternating layers of crystalline Si and porous amorphous Si1−xGex alloys (1992)

Superlattices consisting of alternating layers of crystalline Si and porous amorphous Si1−xGex have been fabricated. This is accomplished by first growing a Si/Si0.7Ge0.3 superlattice by molecular beam epitaxy, followed by Ar-ion milling to form mesa structures, and finally by immersion in HF:HNO3:H2O. This solution creates a porous structure similar to that created by anodic etching, and a high selectivity is observed for the conversion of the alloy layers relative to the Si layers. The degree of selectivity is found to depend on alloy layer thickness and strain. Superlattices have been fabricated from 1-μm wide mesas with Si0.7Ge0.3 layers fully converted to 5-nm thick porous amorphous material.
Experimental Investigations on the Plastic Damage of Plates due to Lateral Collisions (2002)

In this paper the results are reported of sixty-nine lateral collision tests, which were performed to investigate the collision resistance of plates. For the tests a collision testing machine of spring-roller conveyer type was designed and fabricated. Using this machine, various plates were tested with different masses and velocities and various headers of the striker. A simple analytical method has also been developed to predict the extent of damage of struck plates due to lateral collision. In the method, it is assumed that the kinetic energy of the striker can be dissipated by the formation of yield lines and membrane tensions in the impacted plate. The calculated predictions of extent of damage using the developed method have been substantiated with the test results, which shows reasonably acceptable correlations.
Role of molecular charge in glomerular permeability. Tracer studies with cationized ferritins. (1975)

Mouse kidneys were perfused with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRB) containing native, anionic horse spleen ferritin or various cationized derivatives, and the glomerular localization of the probe molecules determined by electron microscopy. Ferritins cationic with respect to the medium (KRB, pH 7.45) accumulated in the subendothelial layers of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in amounts far exceeding those observed with anionic ferritins, the degree being greater for the more cationized derivatives. Strongly cationized ferritins, in addition permeated the full thickness of the GBM in considerable amounts, but appeared to be retarded from entry into the urinary spaces at the level of the filtration slits. Very strongly cationized derivatives adhered to glomerular endothelium and GBM and formed aggregates in the outer layers of the latter. The results suggest that intrinsic negative charges are present in the GBM and endothelium, and that the barrier function of the glomerular capillary wall may be ascribed in part to its electrophysical properties.
Resistance to etoposide induced by three glucose-regulated stresses in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1989)

The induction of glucose-regulated proteins by a variety of specific inducers leads to an increase in resistance to Adriamycin (Shen et al., Proc. Natl., Acad. Sci. USA, 84: 3278, 1987). In this study we examine several additional agents for cross-resistance induced during a glucose-regulated response in an attempt to better define the mechanism through which this phenomenon occurs. When anoxia, calcium ionophore A23187, or 2-deoxyglucose are used, a substantial resistance is obtained against the topoisomerase II-targeted agent, etoposide. Partial resistance is induced against vincristine and actinomycin D. Glucose-regulated protein inducers do not substantially alter cellular response to either bleomycin or radiation. In the case of mitomycin C there is a cellular sensitization with anoxia and 2-deoxyglucose while calcium ionophore A23187 had no effect on survival. This study suggests that the resistance obtained during a glucose-regulated response against etoposide and Adriamycin may involve topoisomerase II.
Subpial Adeno-associated Virus 9 (AAV9) Vector Delivery in Adult Mice (2017)

The successful development of a subpial adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector delivery technique in adult rats and pigs has been reported on previously. Using subpially-placed polyethylene catheters (PE-10 or PE-5) for AAV9 delivery, potent transgene expression through the spinal parenchyma (white and gray matter) in subpially-injected spinal segments has been demonstrated. Because of the wide range of transgenic mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases, there is a strong desire for the development of a potent central nervous system (CNS)-targeted vector delivery technique in adult mice. Accordingly, the present study describes the development of a spinal subpial vector delivery device and technique to permit safe and effective spinal AAV9 delivery in adult C57BL/6J mice. In spinally immobilized and anesthetized mice, the pia mater (cervical 1 and lumbar 1-2 spinal segmental level) was incised with a sharp 34 G needle using an XYZ manipulator. A second XYZ manipulator was then used to advance a blunt 36G needle into the lumbar and/or cervical subpial space. The AAV9 vector (3-5 µL; 1.2 x 10<sup>13</sup> genome copies (gc)) encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) was then injected subpially. After injections, neurological function (motor and sensory) was assessed periodically, and animals were perfusion-fixed 14 days after AAV9 delivery with 4% paraformaldehyde. Analysis of horizontal or transverse spinal cord sections showed transgene expression throughout the entire spinal cord, in both gray and white matter. In addition, intense retrogradely-mediated GFP expression was seen in the descending motor axons and neurons in the motor cortex, nucleus ruber, and formatio reticularis. No neurological dysfunction was noted in any animals. These data show that the subpial vector delivery technique can successfully be used in adult mice, without causing procedure-related spinal cord injury, and is associated with highly potent transgene expression throughout the spinal neuraxis.
Formulation, Stability, and Delivery of Live Attenuated Vaccines for Human Use (1999)

The successful use of live attenuated viral and bacterial vaccines depends not only on the proper choice and delivery of the microorganisms, but also on maintaining the sufficient potency required for an immune response. The inherent lability of live organisms presents a particular formulation challenge in terms of stabilizing and preserving vaccine viability during manufacturing, storage, and administration. This review examines pharmaceutical approaches to the stabilization, formulation, and lyophilization of biological macromolecules in general, as well as the specific applicability of these principles to live attenuated viral and bacterial vaccines. Several formulation development case studies with live vaccines are presented. In addition, comparative stability data are summarized for many other live viral and bacterial preparations. Various pharmaceutical issues with conventional and novel delivery systems for administration of parenteral and oral live vaccines are also discussed.
Odor reduction potential of a chlorine dioxide mouthrinse. (1998)

The efficacy of a chlorine dioxide-containing mouthrinse in reducing oral malodor was compared to that of a water control in randomized, double-blind crossover study in 12 male and female subjects. Entrance criteria required a score of < or = 1 (slightly unpleasant/stale) on a 7-point ordinal odor pleasantness scale at both screening and baseline. On the test mornings, subjects refrained from oral hygiene and rinsed with 15 mL of either mouthrinse or water (one occasion each), under supervision for a timed 30-second interval. Three trained, previously calibrated sensory judges independently evaluated mouth odor pleasantness and intensity. Odor pleasantness scores (7-point scale) and odor intensity scores (5-point scale) from the three sensory judges were analyzed using an Analysis of Variance. The average score of all the judges was analyzed for each time point. The mean (+/- SD) mouth odor pleasantness in the chlorine dioxide group improved from -1.25 +/- 0.29 at baseline to -0.72 +/- 0.31 at 0.5 hour, -0.81 +/- 0.26 at 1 hour, -0.61 +/- 0.45 at 2 hours, and -0.61 +/- 0.55 at 4 hours post-rinsing (delta = 0.53, 0.44, 0.64, and 0.64, respectively). In the control group, the mean (+/- SD) mouth odor pleasantness improved from -1.06 +/- 0.40 at baseline to -0.94 +/- 0.58 at 0.5 hour, and to -0.97 +/- 0.46 at 1 hour, then deteriorated from -1.06 +/- 0.40 at baseline to -1.11 +/- 0.38 at 2 hours, and -1.08 +/- 0.61 at 4 hours post-rinsing (delta = 0.11, 0.08, -0.06, and -0.03, respectively). The mean (+/- SD) mouth odor intensity in the chlorine dioxide group improved from 1.14 +/- 0.17 at baseline to 0.92 +/- 0.35 at 0.5 hour, 1.06 +/- 0.24 at 1 hour, 0.83 +/- 0.44 at 2 hours, and 0.81 +/- 0.44 at 4 hours post-rinsing (delta = -0.22, -0.08, -0.31, and -0.33, respectively). In the control group, the mean (+/- SD) mouth odor intensity improved from 1.11 +/- 0.26 at baseline to 0.97 +/- 0.44 at 0.5 hour and 1.03 +/- 0.33 at 1 hour, then deteriorated from 1.11 +/- 0.26 at baseline to 1.17 +/- 0.39 at 2 hours, and 1.19 +/- 0.52 at 4 hours post-rinsing (delta = -0.14, -0.08, 0.06, and 0.08, respectively). Analyses of Variance showed that improvement in mouth odor pleasantness compared to baseline for the chlorine dioxide-containing mouthrinse versus the water control was statistically significant (p < 0.05) at all post-rinsing evaluations. For the reduction in mouth odor intensity, there was a statistically significant difference favoring the oral rinse at 2 and 4 hours post-rinsing. Thus, this study demonstrates that a one-time use of a chlorine dioxide-containing mouthrinse significantly improves mouth odor pleasantness and reduces mouth odor intensity for at least 4 hours.
NTRK Fusions Define a Novel Uterine Sarcoma Subtype With Features of Fibrosarcoma (2018)

Tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitors have shown high response rates in patients with tumors harboring NTRK fusions. We identified 4 NTRK fusion-positive uterine sarcomas that should be distinguished from leiomyosarcoma and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma. NTRK rearrangements were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and/or targeted RNA or DNA sequencing in 4 undifferentiated uterine sarcomas with spindle cell morphology. Because of histologic overlap with leiomyosarcoma, TrkA and pan-Trk immunohistochemistry was performed in 97 uterine leiomyosarcomas. NTRK1 and NTRK3 FISH was performed on tumors with TrkA or pan-Trk staining. We also performed whole transcriptome RNA sequencing of a leiomyosarcoma with TrkA expression and targeted RNA sequencing of 2 additional undifferentiated uterine sarcomas. FISH and/or targeted RNA or DNA sequencing in the study group showed TPM3-NTRK1, LMNA-NTRK1, RBPMS-NTRK3, and TPR-NTRK1 fusions. All tumors were composed of fascicles of spindle cells. Mitotic index was 7 to 30 mitotic figures per 10 high power fields; tumor necrosis was seen in 2 tumors. Desmin, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor were negative in all tumors, while pan-Trk was expressed in all tumors with concurrent TrkA staining in 3 of them. TrkA and/or pan-Trk staining was also seen in 6 leiomyosarcomas, but these tumors lacked NTRK fusions or alternative isoforms by FISH or whole transcriptome sequencing. No fusions were detected in 2 undifferentiated uterine sarcomas. NTRK fusion-positive uterine spindle cell sarcomas constitute a novel tumor type with features of fibrosarcoma; patients with these tumors may benefit from Trk inhibition. TrkA and pan-Trk expression in leiomyosarcomas is rare and does not correlate with NTRK rearrangement.
Design of a PMMA Chip for Selective Extraction of Size-Fractioned DNA (2006)

Fraction collection following DNA electrophoresis has many applications in biology analysis. These assays typically need to identify specific DNA fragments in the separated sample for further processing and require extraction of one or a group of fragments. Unfortunately, the conventional methods involve cumbersome procedure and are not amenable to integration, automation and extraction of microscale samples. In this work, we present a scheme of chip-based electroelution for the extraction of DNA fragments, which allows the isolation and collection of target DNA fragments in a single device. In order to improve the purity and yield of the extracted DNA fragment, we proposed an optimal channel configuration for DNA recovery chip. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results revealed that the efficiency of DNA extraction was achieved with the optimized chip design
Influence of Psychiatric Comorbidity on Recovery and Recurrence in Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia, and Panic Disorder: A 12-Year Prospective Study (2005)

These data depict the anxiety disorders as insidious, with a chronic clinical course, low rates of recovery, and relatively high probabilities of recurrence. The presence of particular comorbid psychiatric disorders significantly lowered the likelihood of recovery from anxiety disorders and increased the likelihood of their recurrence. The findings add to the understanding of the nosology and treatment of these disorders.
Nanosecond Pulse Generator with Scalable Pulse Amplitude (2008)

The design and operation of a pulse generator capable of delivering a 5 ns pulse with a variable amplitude into a 50 Omega load is described. Experimental studies have shown that nanoelectropulses of sufficiently short rise time and duration can affect intracellular structures such as the nucleus and mitochondria without permanently damaging the outer cell membrane. This process, known as electroperturbation, has been shown to trigger apoptosis (programmed cell death), and research is currently underway at USC to develop a high-voltage pulsing system that is capable of killing cancer cells [1]. The pulse is formed by a novel single stage architecture composed of an LC network and a diode opening switch. The omission of saturable core inductors and transformers enhances performance by allowing the pulse's amplitude to be adjusted independently of its shape. The scalability of the generator's pulse amplitude will simplify the setup for experiments that require pulses with different electric field strengths but the same rise time and duration.
A phase II trial of carboplatin and ABI-007 in patients with unresectable stage IV melanoma, N057E (2008)

9044 Background: There has been evidence to show that the combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin is clinically active in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. ABI-007 is a unique protein formulation of paclitaxel which was developed primarily to reduce the toxicities associated with paclitaxel and the Cremophor-EL/ethanol vehicle while maintaining or improving chemotherapeutic effect. ABI-007 demonstrates single agent activity in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. The current study explores the clinical activity of the combination of ABI-007 and carboplatin. Methods: A one stage phase II clinical trial was conducted in patients with unresectable stage IV melanoma, who were chemotherapy naive. A treatment regimen consisting of ABI-007 (100 mg/m2) and carboplatin (AUC 2) was administered on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28 day cycle. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether tumor response rate (CR + PR by RECIST) was ≤15% vs. ≥35% with this combination. With α=β=0.10, we reject CR + PR ≤ 15% if ≥ 9 responses among first 35 patients enrolled. Eligible patients, were at least 18 years of age, with ECOG PS of 0–2 and adequate organ function. Exclusion criteria included: any chemotherapy in the metastatic setting, any prior treatment with a platinum or taxane agent, uncontrolled infection or CHF, existence of peripheral neuropathy ≥ grade 2, history of malignancy within the last 5 years, or prior untreated brain metastasis. Pregnant or nursing women were not eligible. Results: Forty patients were enrolled from November 2006 thru June 2007, one patient cancelled prior to starting treatment. Among the 39 evaluable patients, 56% were male, median age was 58 years (range: 23–91), 49% had M1c disease and 62% had a PS of 0. The median number of cycles administered was 3 (range 1–11). Nine partial responses (25.7%) were seen among the first 35 patients enrolled (90% CI: 14.1–40.6%). Among all 39 evaluable patients the median PFS was 4.3 months. The median overall survival was 10.1 months. The most common severe toxicities (CTCAE ≥ grade 3) included neutropenia (27%), thrombocytopenia (5%) and neuro-sensory (5%). Conclusions: This weekly combination of ABI-007 and carboplatin appears to be well tolerated with promising clinical activity as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Veterans Affairs Initiative to Prevent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections (2011)

A program of universal surveillance, contact precautions, hand hygiene, and institutional culture change was associated with a decrease in health care-associated transmissions of and infections with MRSA in a large health care system.
The role of carbohydrates in biologically active natural products (1997)

A. C. Weymouth-Wilson, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1997, 14, 99 DOI: 10.1039/NP9971400099
A Consensus Report of the Role of Serum Thyroglobulin as a Monitoring Method for Low-Risk Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (2003)

Recent studies have provided new information regarding the optimal surveillance protocols for low-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). This article summarizes the main issues brought out in a consensus conference of thyroid cancer specialists who analyzed and discussed this new data. There is growing recognition of the value of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) as part of routine surveillance. An undetectable serum Tg measured during thyroid hormone suppression of TSH (THST) is often misleading. Eight studies show that 21% of 784 patients who had no clinical evidence of tumor with baseline serum Tg levels usually below 1 micro g/liter during THST had, in response to recombinant human TSH (rhTSH), a rise in serum Tg to more than 2 micro g/liter. When this happened, 36% of the patients were found to have metastases (36% at distant sites) that were identified in 91% by an rhTSH-stimulated Tg above 2 micro g/liter. Diagnostic whole body scanning, after either rhTSH or thyroid hormone withdrawal, identified only 19% of the cases of metastases. Ten studies comprising 1599 patients demonstrate that a TSH-stimulated Tg test using a Tg cutoff of 2 micro g/liter (either after thyroid hormone withdrawal or 72 h after rhTSH) is sufficiently sensitive to be used as the principal test in the follow-up management of low-risk patients with DTC and that the routine use of diagnostic whole body scanning in follow-up should be discouraged. On the basis of the foregoing, we propose a surveillance guideline using TSH-stimulated Tg levels for patients who have undergone total or near-total thyroidectomy and (131)I ablation for DTC and have no clinical evidence of residual tumor with a serum Tg below 1 micro g/liter during THST.