gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the late antiischaemic action of the stable PgI2 analogue: 7-oxo-PgI2-Na and its possible mode of action. (1984)

Earlier we have shown in the dog model mimicking angina on effort a delayed antiischaemic effect of PgI2 and its stable analogue 7-oxo-PgI2-Na, appearing only when the drug induced marked vasodilatation was over [1]. In the present experiments we could show that the protective effect appears at a time when the blood pressure returned to normal and in addition the marked platelet aggregation inhibitory effect has also faded away. In the rat 7-oxo-PgI2 could substantially diminish vasopressine induced T-wave elevation in the ECG if given 2 hours before administration of vasopressin. In addition it could moderate the vasopressin induced metabolic changes appearing as diminution of the myocardial CP and ATP-level and increase of the myocardial lactate content. A similar metabolic protection was found in the heart of rats pretreated with 7-oxo-PgI2 2 hours before taking myocardial samples and exposing them for 1 minute to ischaemia by incubation in Ringer solution. It is concluded that a direct metabolic and hemodynamic effect could be at least partly responsible for the late antiischaemic effect of 7-oxo-PgI2. This effect was also present in the early phase of experimental myocardial infarction in conscious rats if animals were pretreated with 7-oxo-PgI2 2 hours before occlusion. However treatment did not increase survival rate and failed to reduce the incidence and severity of arrhythmias.
Potential of Visual Cortex to Develop an Array of Functional Units Unique to Somatosensory Cortex (1991)

The identification of specialized areas in the mammalian neocortex, such as the primary visual or somatosensory cortex, is based on distinctions in architectural and functional features. The extent to which certain features that distinguish neocortical areas in rats are prespecified or emerge as a result of epigenetic interactions was investigated. Late embryonic visual cortex transplanted to neonatal somatosensory cortex was later assayed for "barrels," anatomically identified functional units unique to somatosensory cortex, and for boundaries of glycoconjugated molecules associated with barrels. Barrels and boundaries form in transplanted visual cortex and are organized in an array that resembles the pattern in the normal barrelfield. These findings show that different regions of the developing neocortex have similar potentials to differentiate features that distinguish neocortical areas and contribute to their unique functional organizations.
Degradation of elastin by a cysteine proteinase from Staphylococcus aureus. (1988)

Staphylococcus aureus is known to produce three very active extracellular proteinases. One of these enzymes, a cysteine proteinase, after purification to homogeneity was found to degrade insoluble bovine lung elastin at a rate comparable to human neutrophil elastase. This enzyme had no detectable activity against a range of synthetic substrates normally utilized by elastase, chymotrypsin, or trypsin-like proteinases. However, it did hydrolyze the synthetic substrate carbobenzoxy-phenylalanyl-leucyl-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (Km = 0.5 mM, kcat = 0.16 s-1). The proteolytic activity of the cysteine proteinase was rapidly and efficiently inhibited by alpha 2-macroglobulin and also by the cysteine-specific inhibitor rat T-kininogen (Ki = 5.2 X 10(-7) M). Human kininogens, however, did not inhibit. Human plasma apparently contains other inhibitors of this enzyme, since plasma depleted of alpha 2-macroglobulin retained significant inhibitory capacity. The elastolytic activity of this S. aureus proteinase and its lack of control by human kininogens or cystatin C may explain some of the connective tissue destruction seen in bacterial infections due to this and related organisms such as may occur in septicemia, septic arthritis, and otitis.
The Energy Gap Law for Triplet States in Pt-Containing Conjugated Polymers and Monomers (2001)

The energy gap law established for aromatic hydrocarbons and rare earth ions relates the nonradiative decay rate to the energy gap of a transition through a multiphonon emission process. We show that this energy gap law can be applied to the phosphoresce of a series of conjugated polymers and monomers for which the radiative decay rate has been enhanced through incorporation of a heavy metal. We find that the nonradiative decay rate from the triplet state T(1) increases exponentially with decreasing T(1)-S(0) gap for the polymers and monomers at 300 and 20 K. Comparison of the nonradiative decay of polymers with that of their corresponding monomers highlights the role of electron-lattice coupling.
Target Cascading in Optimal System Design (2003)

Target cascading is a key challenge in the early product development stages of large complex artifacts: how to propagate the desirable top level design specifications (or targets) to appropriate specifications for the various subsystems and components in a consistent and efficient manner. Consistency means that all parts of the designed system should work well together, while efficiency means that the process itself should avoid iterations at later stages, which are costly in time and resources. In the present article target cascading is formalized by a process modeled as a multilevel optimal design problem. Design targets are cascaded down to lower levels using partitioning of the original problem into a hierarchical set of subproblems. For each design problem at a given level, an optimization problem is formulated to minimize deviations from the propagated targets and thus achieve intersystem compatibility. A coordination strategy links all subproblem decisions so that the overall system performance targets are met. The process is illustrated with an explicit analytical problem and a simple automotive chassis design model that demonstrates how the process can be applied in practice.
Adaptation of plasminogen activator sequences to known protease structures (1983)

The sequences of urokinase (UK) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA) were aligned with those of chymotrypsin, trypsin, and elastase according to their 'structurally conserved regions'. In spite of its trypsin-like specificity UK was model-built on the basis of the chymotrypsin structure because of a corresponding disulfide pattern. The extra disulfide bond falls to cysteines 50 and 111d. Insertions can easily be accommodated at the surface. As they occur similarly in both, UK and TPA, a role in plasminogen recognition may be possible. Of the functional positions known to be involved in substrate or inhibitor binding, Asp 97, Lys 143 and Arg 217 (Leu in TPA) may contribute to plasminogen activating specificity. PTI binding may in part be impaired by structural differences at the edge of the binding pocket.
SPAWNING ECOLOGY OF THE WHITE BASS ROCCUS CHRYSOPS (RAFINESQUE) IN UTAH LAKE, UTAH (1968)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Effects of osmotic agents on hyaluronan synthesis in human peritoneal mesothelial cells and fibroblasts. (1997)

Hyaluronan (HA) plays an important role in peritoneal tissue remodeling and the inflammatory process. In this study, attention was directed to the effects of various osmotic agents on HA synthesis in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HMCs) and fibroblasts (HFBs). Following incubation with growth arrest media for 48 hours, the cells (4 x 10(4)/mL) were incubated for 72 hours in media at various concentrations (50, 100 mmol/L for crystalloid agents and 3.5%, 7% for oncotic agents) of glucose, mannitol, glycerol, sucrose, raffinose, NaCl, combined amino acids, maltodextrin, dextran 70, and hydroxyethylstarch 20. HA synthesis for 72 hours was measured by sandwich-binding protein assay. HMCs synthesized approximately 0.15 ng/cell/72 hours and HFBs 0.09 ng. All crystalloid osmotic agents significantly suppressed HA synthesis by HMCs and HFBs in a concentration-dependent manner. There was no such suppression by any oncotic osmotic agent, which, to the contrary, enhanced the synthesis by 6%-63% in HMCs. In conclusion, HMCs and HFBs may be considered sources of HA in the peritoneal dialysis effluent. Crystalloid osmotic agents suppressed HA synthesis in these cells. Oncotic osmotic agents seem to be less toxic in this regard.
BCR-ABL Gene Expression Is Required for Its Mutations in a Novel KCL-22 Cell Culture Model for Acquired Resistance of (2010)

Acquired resistance through genetic mutations is a common phenomenon in several cancer therapies using molecularly targeted drugs, best exemplified by the BCR-ABL inhibitor imatinib in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Overcoming acquired resistance is a daunting therapeutic challenge, and little is known about how these mutations evolve. To facilitate understanding the resistance mechanisms, we developed a novel culture model for CML acquired resistance in which the CML cell line KCL-22, following initial response to imatinib, develops resistant T315I BCR-ABL mutation. We demonstrate that the emergence of BCR-ABL mutations do not require preexisting BCR-ABL mutations derived from the original patient as the subclones of KCL-22 cells can form various BCR-ABL mutations upon imatinib treatment. BCR-ABL mutation rates vary from cell clone to clone and passages, in contrast to the relatively stable mutation rate of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene. Strikingly, development of BCR-ABL mutations depends on its gene expression because BCR-ABL knockdown completely blocks KCL-22 cell relapse on imatinib and acquisition of mutations. We further show that the endogenous BCR-ABL locus has significantly higher mutagenesis potential than the transduced randomly integrated BCRABL cDNA. Our study suggests important roles of BCR-ABL gene expression and its native chromosomal locus for acquisition of BCR-ABL mutations and provides a new tool for further studying resistance mechanisms.
Tadalafil Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2009)

In patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, tadalafil 40 mg was well tolerated and improved exercise capacity and quality of life measures and reduced clinical worsening.
Combining Agents that Target the Tumor Microenvironment Improves the Efficacy of Anticancer Therapy (2008)

This combination of agents causes an inhospitable microenvironment for tumor cells and shows great promise for use in the clinic.
Aldara®-induced skin inflammation: studies of patients with psoriasis (2014)

We were able to induce psoriasis-like skin inflammation although typical psoriasis did not develop, possibly due to incomplete adaptive immune system recruitment and the powerful stimulation of IL-10 counter-regulation.
The treatment of Friedreich's ataxia with amantadine hydrochloride (1988)

Amantadine hydrochloride (AH) was orally administered to 16 patients with Friedreich's ataxia. We evaluated patient response with the functional ataxia scoring scale and calculated a total disability score. The mean percent improvement of the total disability score was 29.5%; for ambulatory patients alone it was 45.5%. No significant side effects were encountered. AH appears to be a safe and effective symptomatic treatment of Friedreich's ataxia.
Engineering Homogeneous Doping in Single Nanoparticle To Enhance Upconversion Efficiency (2014)

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have shown considerable promises in many fields; however, their low upconversion efficiency is still the most serious limitation of their applications. Herein, we report for first time that the homogeneous doping approach based on the successive layer-by-layer method can greatly improve the efficiency of the UCNPs. The quantum yield as high as 0.89 ± 0.05% is realized for the homogeneous doping NaGdF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4 UCNPs, which is nearly 2 times higher than that of the heterogeneous doping NaGdF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4 UCNPs (0.47 ± 0.05%). The influences of spatial distributions and local relative concentrations of the dopants on the optical properties of UCNPs were investigated in the single particle level. It was found that heterogeneous doping indeed existed during the spontaneous growth process of the nanoparticles. The heterogeneous doping property can further induce many negative effects on the optical properties of UCNPs, especially the luminescent efficiency. The spatial distributions and local relative concentrations of the dopants can be well controlled by the successive layer-by-layer homogeneous doping method on the monolayer level and homogeneously distributed in the single particle level. Furthermore, by using homogeneous doping NaGdF4:Yb,Tm as initial core, the multicolor emission intensity of NaGdF4:Yb,Tm/NaGdF4:A (A = Tb(3+), Eu(3+)) core/shell nanoparticles can also exhibit 20%-30% improvement. We believe that such a homogeneous doping model can open the door to improve the upconversion optical properties by engineering the local distribution of the sensitizer, activator, host, etc., in a microcosmic and provide a track for engineering the high quality UCNPs with advanced nanostructure and optical properties.
Flour quality tests for selected wheat cultivars and their relationship to Arabic bread quality (1991)

Abstract Analytical and rheological parameters were established for flours from nine selected wheat cultivars, each covering a range of protein contents. Arabic and pan breads were baked from these flours and baking quality was determined. Wheat cultivars were found to differ in their suitability for Arabic bread production. Within cultivars the relationship between protein content and Arabic bread score was best described by a quadratic equation. Traditional flour quality tests do not adequately describe the flour quality requirements for Arabic bread as clearly as for pan bread. Ranges and optimum values for a number of parameters can be set to describe flours most likely to be suited to the production of Arabic bread. However, for reliable evaluation of baking quality for Arabic bread, flours fitting the prescribed range must be test baked.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of NF-&#x3BA;B and JAK/STAT Signal Transduction Pathways as Promising Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics (2010)

In the current review, we discuss the role of NF-kB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways and their small molecule regulators in the therapy of inflammatory diseases. Considering potential harmful effects directly assigned to the COX-2 inhibition, novel therapeutically-relevant biological targets such as NF-kB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways have received a growing attention. Here we summarize recent progress in the identification and development of novel, clinically approved or evaluated small molecule regulators of these signaling cascades as promising anti-inflammatory therapeutics. In addition, we illustrate key structural modifications and bioisosteric transformations among these inhibitors to provide a helpful basis for further development of novel small molecule anti-inflammatory agents.
Reevaluating the therapeutic approach to rheumatoid arthritis: the "sawtooth" strategy. (1990)

A new therapeutic philosophy for management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is required, since the traditional "pyramidal" strategy has failed to measurably improve longterm outcome. This paper attempts a conceptual overview of the problem and suggests an available solution. The increased repertoire of potentially disease-modifying drugs (DMARD) allows a new creativity, and toxicity with these agents has been less than expected. Yet, clinical improvement observed initially with these agents over the first 10 to 20 months of treatment is eventually lost and accelerated increase in disability follows. Given these observations, a "sawtooth" strategy is proposed, with 6 principles: early DMARD use, continual serial DMARD use, regular quantitative monitoring of disability to detect insidious progression, setting a disability ceiling for the individual patient, sequential change in DMARD treatment when the ceiling is reached, and deployment of analgesics and NSAID as adjunctive rather than "first line" therapy. This strategy offers the potential for long-term disease modification with reasonable toxicity levels.
Axon-induced mitogenesis of human Schwann cells involves heregulin and p185erbB2. (1995)

The ability of sensory axons to stimulate Schwann cell proliferation by contact was established in the 1970s. Although the mitogen responsible for this proliferation has been localized to the axon surface and biochemically characterized, it has yet to be identified. Recently a family of proteins known as heregulins (HRGs) has been isolated, characterized, and shown to interact with a number of class 1 receptor tyrosine kinases, including the erbB2, erbB3, and erbB4 gene products. These factors include glial growth factor, a Schwann cell mitogen. We have tested the effects of antibodies against components of this system (HRG beta 1 and p185erbB2) in cocultures of rat sensory neurons and human (or rat) Schwann cells to elucidate the role of these proteins in axon-induced Schwann cell proliferation. 2C4, a monoclonal antibody specific for the human p185erbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase, bound to the surface of human Schwann cells and reduced human Schwann cell incorporation of [3H]thymidine by > 90% compared with untreated controls in this coculture system. This antibody had no effect on rat Schwann cell incorporation of [3H]thymidine under similar conditions. A polyclonal antibody raised against HRG beta 1 reduced human and rat Schwann cell incorporation of [3H]thymidine by nearly 80% and up to 49%, respectively, relative to controls. These results imply that a HRG, or a HRG-like molecule, is a component of the axonal mitogen. This mitogen is presented to Schwann cells by axons and induces proliferation through an interaction that involves p185erbB2 on Schwann cells.
Structure and function of peripiasmic chaperone‐like proteins involved in the biosynthesis of K88 and K99 fimbriae in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (1991)

The nucleotide sequence of faeE and fanE, two genes involved in the biosynthesis of K88 and K99 fimbriae, respectively, was determined and the amino acid sequence of the FaeE and FanE proteins was deduced. Immunoblotting of subcellular fractions with an antiserum raised against purified FaeE confirmed that FaeE is located in the periplasm. Indications were obtained that FaeE functions as a chaperone-like protein. Its interaction with the fimbrial subunit (FaeG) in the periplasm stabilized this polypeptide and prevents its degradation by the cell-envelope protease DegP. Furthermore, FaeE prevents the formation of FaeG multimers which cannot be incorporated into fimbriae. The reactions of the FaeE/FaeG dimers with a set of monoclonal antibodies directed against the various epitopes present on K88 fimbriae revealed that the fimbrial subunits associated with FaeE were present in a conformation resembling their native configuration. Indications about the domains in FaeG involved in the interaction with FaeE are discussed.
The most highly amphiphilic α‐helices include two amino acid segments in human immunodeficiency virus glycoprotein 41 (1990)

A search for highly amphiphilic alpha-helices has been made in a data base of protein sequences, using the helical hydrophobic moment as a criterion of amphiphilicity. The protein segments of largest hydrophobic moment have been analyzed. For the segments whose structures are known, they are in fact alpha-helices. Two of the segments having very large hydrophobic moments are from the smaller C-terminal portion of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein gp41. Also, among segments having large hydrophobic moments, but not among the most extreme, are lytic peptides such as melittin. Melittin seeks surfaces between polar and apolar phases, including the membrane-water interface. It is conceivable that the gp41 segments of extreme hydrophobic moment may participate in one of the membrane-related functions of the HIV virus.
Purification and properties of mosquito DNA polymerase. (1978)

For the first time, DNA polymerase in a postembryonic insect has been purified and characterized. This enzyme from mosquito larvae was purified 1700-fold and was free of deoxyribonuclease and protease activities, which hindered previous investigations of insect polymerases. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 132,000 by gen filtration and aggregated to higher molecular weights when concentrated. With an activated DNA template, the pH optimum was 7.2 in phosphate buffer, and the Mg2+ concentration optimum was 5 to 10 mM. Polymerase activity was inhibited by the antisulfhydryl reagents, N-ethylmaleimide and p-mercuribenzoate, and by KCl. These properties indicate that the mosquito enzyme resembles mammalian alpha-polymerase but differs in its lack of inhibition to low ethanol concentrations. There was no evidence of a beta-polymerase form in the mosquito.
A 3.3 V 128 Mb multi-level NAND flash memory for mass storage applications (2002)

The NAND flash memory was originally designed to target solid-state mass storage applications. Key requirements of mass storage, low cost and high serial access throughput, have been achieved by sacrificing a non-critical feature, fast random access. For a quantum step in cost reduction, the multi-level cell is combined with NAND flash memory. This 128 Mb multi-level NAND flash memory stores two bits per cell by tight programmed cell threshold voltage (Vth) control and is made practical by significantly reducing program disturbs.
In vivo Experiments with the Excimer Laser – Technical Parameters and Healing Processes (1986)

In vivo experiments on rabbit corneae with the excimer laser (lambda = 193 nm) are presented. A new delivery system using total-reflecting prisms is described. For corneal surgery a repetition rate of about 50 Hz seems to be optimal. Healing processes of the cornea are demonstrated. It is supposed that the corneal incisions by excimer laser have not to be as deep as those induced by knives to change corneal curvature.
Cardiovascular effects of radioactive microsphere suspensions and Tween 80 solutions (1977)

The cardiovascular effects of two concentrations of Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate), a surface-active agent commonly used to prevent aggregation of radionuclide-labeled microspheres, were examined in conscious dogs. Two types of adverse reactions were noted. The first (Type A) consisted of reductions in cardiac dimensions as well as hypotension and tachycardia. The second (Type B) was less severe and involved only a decrease in cardiac dimensions with no change in left ventricular systolic pressure or heart rate. A 10% dextran solution with .05 +/- .02% Tween 80 injected into the left atrium caused systemic and/or cardiac alterations in all four dogs studied. Administration of a lower concentration of Tween 80 (0.01 +/- 0.005%), which was the minimum concentration necessary to prevent aggregation of microspheres, induced adverse reactions in 6 of 41 dogs studied. Subsequent administration of this concentration of Tween 80 on the same day rarely induced adverse reactions. Thus, care must be exercised in application of microsphere techniques to organ blood flow measurements when Tween 80 is used to prevent microsphere aggregation, since this surface-active agent causes profound alterations in cardiac dynamics in concentrations normally employed in experiments involving microsphere techniques.