gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Value of Immunotherapy with Venom in Children with Allergy to Insect Stings (1990)

These data confirm that immunotherapy with insect venom prevents recurrences of systemic reactions after subsequent insect stings. Because of the surprisingly low rate of reactions among untreated children, we could not identify any characteristics that were predictive of repeat reactions. Since only 9.2 percent of stings in the untreated children led to a systemic reaction and since there was no progression to a more severe reaction, we conclude that venom immunotherapy is unnecessary for most children who are allergic to insect stings.
RF circuit design aspects of spiral inductors on silicon (1998)

The design and optimization of spiral inductors on silicon substrates, the related layout issues in integrated circuits, and the effect of the inductor-Q an the performance of radio-frequency (RF) building blocks are discussed. Integrated spiral inductors with inductances of 0.5-100 nH and Q's up to 40 are shown to be feasible in very-large-scale-integration silicon technology. Circuit design aspects, such as a minimum inductor area, the cross talk between inductors, and the effect of a substrate contact on the inductor characteristics are addressed. Important RF building blocks, such as a bandpass filter, low-noise amplifier, and voltage-controlled oscillator are shown to benefit substantially from an improved inductor-Q.
Cancer invasion and tissue remodeling‐cooperation of protease systems and cell types (1999)

Proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in both cancer invasion and non-neoplastic tissue remodeling processes. In human cancers the components of matrix degrading protease systems (uPA, uPAR, PAI-1 and MMPs) can be expressed by either the non-neoplastic stromal cells, the cancer cells or both. Studies of the prognostic impact of these components in human cancer and the effect of targeted gene inactivation on cancer metastasis in mice support the assumption that proteases promote cancer progression, independent of whether they are expressed by cancer cells or stromal cells. The pattern of expression of components of protease systems is usually very similar in different cases of the same type of cancer, while it varies between different types of cancer. There are intriguing similarities between the cellular expression pattern of components of protease systems seen in cancer invasion and in certain types of non-neoplastic tissue remodeling. We propose that cancer invasion can be viewed as tissue remodeling gone out of control. The stromal cell involvement in cancer invasion represents a new paradigm with important implications for cancer pathophysiology and cancer therapy.
Expanding the catalytic repertoire of ribozymes and deoxyribozymes beyond RNA substrates. (2010)

The catalytic role of ribozymes in RNA processing is well established. However, the proposal that ribozymes can be discovered by in vitro selection has resulted in the identification of a relatively small number of novel ribozyme catalysts. The limited repertoire of the native functional groups of RNA and its inherent instability have led to the hypothesis that ribozymes that contain non-natural functional groups (ie, modified nucleic acids) would provide greater catalytic activity toward non-RNA substrates. Moreover, because of their greater stability, reduced cost and ease of synthesis, native and modified deoxyribozymes have recently dominated the in vitro selection of enzymes that catalyze reactions involving non-RNA substrates. Deoxyribozymes bind easily to metal cofactors and provide a scaffold for templating chemical reactions, representing two significant advantages of deoxyribozymes compared with ribozymes for the catalytic transformation of non-RNA substrates. In addition, RNA processing illustrates the natural functions and limitations of ribozymes that have led to the shift in the emphasis of research from ribozymes to deoxyribozymes.
Single-trial classification of ERPS using second-order blind identification (SOBI) (2005)

Single-trial classification of EEG signals has received increasing attention in both basic research and for the development of EEG based brain computer interfaces (BCI). Typically, such classification has been performed using signals from a set of selected EEG sensors. Since EEG sensor signals are mixtures of signals from multiple intra- and extra-cranial sources, single-trial sensory and motor evoked potentials can be difficult to detect and classify. In this paper, second-order blind identification (SOBI) was used to preprocess EEG data and extract activity from the left and right primary somatosensory (SI) cortices. Subsequently, classification of event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by a sequence of randomly mixed left, right, and bilateral median nerve stimulations was performed by back-propagation neural networks, using as inputs the two SOBI-recovered SI components or the two "best sensors". Results from four subjects showed that classification accuracy was significantly higher when SOBI-recovered left and right SI components were used for classification than when the EEG sensor signals were used directly.
Stopping the Stones (2010)

Compounds that prevent the crystallization of an amino acid may represent a new class of therapeutic agent for kidney stones.
Management of toxicities associated with high-dose interleukin-2 and biochemotherapy (2012)

High-dose interleukin-2, administered as a single agent or in combination with antineoplastic agents, known as biochemotherapy, holds the promise of durable remissions for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma. The toxicities arising from high-dose interleukin-2-based therapies affect every organ system, causing significant acute morbidity. Administration of high-dose interleukin-2-based therapies requires specialized care and knowledge because of the severity and uniqueness of toxicities compared with the toxicities encountered with other forms of anticancer therapy. However, the toxicities of high-dose interleukin-2-based therapies are predictable and manageable by vigilant monitoring and appropriate supportive care protocols. To maximize outcomes, both acute and delayed toxicities require vigilant monitoring and adroit symptom management. This review details the pathophysiology, monitoring parameters, and management strategies for patients receiving high-dose interleukin-2-based therapy, with a focus on new and important management principles.
Online Incremental Feature Learning with Denoising Autoencoders (2012)

While determining model complexity is an important problem in machine learning, many feature learning algorithms rely on cross-validation to choose an optimal number of features, which is usually challenging for online learning from a massive stream of data. In this paper, we propose an incremental feature learning algorithm to determine the optimal model complexity for large-scale, online datasets based on the denoising autoencoder. This algorithm is composed of two processes: adding features and merging features. Specifically, it adds new features to minimize the objective function’s residual and merges similar features to obtain a compact feature representation and prevent over-fitting. Our experiments show that the proposed model quickly converges to the optimal number of features in a large-scale online setting. In classification tasks, our model outperforms the (non-incremental) denoising autoencoder, and deep networks constructed from our algorithm perform favorably compared to deep belief networks and stacked denoising autoencoders. Further, the algorithm is effective in recognizing new patterns when the data distribution changes over time in the massive online data stream. 1
Heparanase as a molecular target of cancer chemotherapy (2004)

Cancer cells require the ability to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) in order to turn into invasive and metastatic cancer cells. Many proteases and glycosidases are essential in the process of dissolving the components of the ECM. An endo-beta-D-glucuronidase, heparanase, is capable of specifically degrading one of the ECM components, heparan sulfate, and this activity is associated with the metastatic potential of tumor cells. Since heparanase mRNA is overexpressed in many human tumors (e.g., hepatomas, head and neck tumors, and esophageal carcinomas), the mechanisms regulating the activity of heparanase should be clarified; considering the possible role of heparanase in cancer, the development of heparanase inhibitors would appear to be advantageous. This review will focus on recent findings that have contributed to the characterization of heparanase and to the elucidation of the transcriptional regulation of heparanase mRNA expression, as well as the development of heparanase inhibitors.
Quantitative comparison of soft tissue-bone interface at chondral ligament insertions in the rabbit knee joint. (1996)

At chondral ligament insertions the calcified fibrocartilage interdigitates deeply with the lamellar bone. The shape of this interface is formed under physiological loading conditions. For the purpose of morphological comparison between different ligament entheses in the rabbit knee, the number and frequency of interdigitations and thickness of calcified fibrocartilage were quantitated at the femoral insertion of the medial collateral ligament, both insertions of the cruciate ligaments, and the tibial insertion of the patellar ligament. Among the insertions, the femoral insertion of the medial collateral ligament showed the lowest frequency and depth of interdigitations at the soft tissue-bone interface, but had the thickest zone of calcified fibrocartilage. An inverse relationship was found at the insertion interface of the cruciate and patellar ligaments. The frequency and depth of interdigations at the bone-soft tissue interface at different chondral entheses seem to be related to the mechanical strength of the respective ligament; meanwhile it may be hypothesised that the thickness of the calcified fibrocartilage might be more related to the amount of motion which takes place at an insertion.
Immunological analysis of allergenic cross‐reactivity between peanut and tree nuts (2003)

These results show that multiple peanut and tree nut sensitivities observed in allergic subjects may be due to cross-reactive B cell epitopes present in different peanut and tree nut allergens. The plant taxonomic classification of peanut and tree nuts does not appear to predict allergenic cross-reactivity.
Toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile (2006)

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. Many pathogenic strains of Clostridium difficile produce two toxins TcdA and TcdB, both of which are pro-inflammatory and enterotoxic in human intestine. Clinically relevant toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive (A(-)B(+)) strains of Clostridium difficile that cause diarrhea and colitis in humans have been isolated with increasing frequency worldwide. This perspective describes these important toxin variant strains and highlights the need to use Clostridium difficile diagnostic methods that can detect both TcdA and TcdB.
Recombinant Human Acid α-Glucosidase Generated in Bacteria: Antigenic, but Enzymatically Inactive (1992)

Genetic deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) results in glycogen storage disease type II. To investigate whether we could generate a functional recombinant human GAA protein for future enzyme replacement therapy, we subcloned the GAA cDNA into the bacterial expression plasmid pMaI and analyzed the recombinant protein produced. This nonglycosylated recombinant human GAA was found to be antigenic by reacting with polyclonal rabbit antibody to human placental GAA using ELISA and Western techniques. However, the protein was not enzymatically active, suggesting that glycosylation may play a role in enzymatic function.
The mouse immunoglobulin kappa light-chain genes are located in early- and late-replicating regions of chromosome 6. (1990)

The murine immunoglobulin kappa (kappa) light-chain multigene family includes the constant region (C kappa), joining-region genes, and approximately 30 kappa-variable (V kappa) region families. The entire region occupies an estimated 1,000 to 3,000 kilobases, and some V kappa families have been linked by recombinant inbred mapping. The C kappa gene and 14 V kappa families replicated differently among cell lines of lymphoid and nonlymphoid origin. In nonlymphoid cells, the C kappa gene replicated earlier than the V kappa families. A transition from replication during the second third of S phase for the C kappa gene to later replication during S for V kappa families was observed. The V kappa family (V kappa 21) that maps closest to the C kappa gene, replicated during the first half of the S phase; most of the other V kappa families replicated during the second half of S, and some replicated during the last quarter of the S phase. In lymphoid cells, the kappa locus replicated earlier in the pre-B than in the B-cell lines. In one pre-B-cell line, 22D6, the kappa genes examined replicated at the beginning of the S phase. In the B-cell lines, the EcoRI segment containing the transcribed gene replicated near the beginning of the S phase. Other V kappa families replicated within the first two-thirds of S phase. Some linked V kappa families replicated at similar times. In the B-cell lines, a transition from replication at the beginning of S for the transcribed C kappa and V kappa genes and surrounding DNA sequences to later replication for the other V kappa families was observed. However, in contrast to the non-lymphoid cell lines, the replication of this locus occurred predominantly during the first half of S. The kappa locus contains both early- and late-replicating genes, and early replication is usually associated with transcriptional activity. The results are discussed with respect to the organization of transcriptionally active chromatin domains.
Crystal Structure Refinement (2006)

Abstract This book covers advanced aspects of practical crystal structure refinement, focusing on practical problems in the everyday life of a crystallographer. After an introduction to SHELXL in the first chapter, the second chapter provides a brief survey of crystal structure refinement. The next few chapters address the various aspects of structure refinement, from the treatment of hydrogen atoms to the assignment of atom types, to disorder, to non-crystallographic symmetry and twinning. One chapter is dedicated to the refinement of macromolecular structures and two shorter chapters deal with structure validation. In most chapters, the book gives refinement examples, based on the program SHELXL, describing every problem in detail.
New Technologies for Drug Delivery Across the Blood Brain Barrier (2004)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) efficiently restricts penetration of therapeutic agents to the brain from the periphery. Therefore, discovery of new modalities allowing for effective delivery of drugs and biomacromolecules to the central nervous system (CNS) is of great need and importance for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This manuscript focuses on three relatively new strategies. The first strategy involves inhibition of the drug efflux transporters expressed in BBB by Pluronic block copolymers, which allows for the increased transport of the substrates of these transporters to the brain. The second strategy involves the design of nanoparticles conjugated with specific ligands that can target receptors in the brain microvasculature and carry the drugs to the brain through the receptor mediated transcytosis. The third strategy involves artificial hydrophobization of peptides and proteins that facilitates the delivery of these peptides and proteins across BBB. This review discusses the current state, advantages and limitations of each of the three technologies and outlines their future prospects.
Diagnostic utility of PCR-enzyme immunoassay, culture, and serology for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (1994)

To assess the utility of PCR-enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for diagnosis of acute infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae, we compared tissue culture, PCR-EIA, direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) stain, and serology in studies with 56 patients with respiratory symptoms and 80 asymptomatic persons. Thirty-five patients were positive by either culture or PCR-EIA, and 101 were negative by both assays. Thirty specimens from symptomatic patients and one from an asymptomatic patient were culture positive; 23 of these were also PCR-EIA positive. Of the eight culture-positive, PCR-EIA-negative specimens, five were DFA negative and three were DFA positive. Four additional specimens were culture negative and PCR-EIA positive; of these, three were DFA positive and one was DFA negative. When we used culture- and/or DFA-positive results as a reference or "gold standard," the sensitivity and specificity of PCR were 76.5 and 99.0%, respectively. When we used PCR- and/or DFA-positive results as the reference, the sensitivity of culture was 87.5%. On the basis of single acute serum specimens, only 8 of these 35 patients had diagnostic antibody titers. Of the asymptomatic patients, 75% had immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M antibody to C. pneumoniae; 15 (18.8%) of these had antibody levels considered to be diagnostic of acute infection. This multicenter study indicates that culture and/or PCR-EIA is more reliable for prompt diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection than single-point serology alone.
Advances in Human B19 Erythrovirus Biology (2010)

Since its discovery, human parvovirus B19 (B19V), now termed erythrovirus, has been associated with many clinical situations (neurological and myocardium infections, persistent B19V DNAemia) in addition to the prototype clinical manifestations, i.e., erythema infectiosum and erythroblastopenia crisis. In 2002, the use of new molecular tools led to the characterization of three different genotypes of human B19 erythrovirus. Although the genomic organization is conserved, the geographic distribution of the different genotypes varies worldwide, and the nucleotidic divergences can impact the molecular diagnosis of B19 virus infection. The cell cycle of the virus remains partially unresolved; however, recent studies have shed light on the mechanism of cell entry and the interactions of B19V proteins with apoptosis pathways.
Protease responsive nanoprobes with tethered fluorogenic peptidyl 3-arylcoumarin substrates (2008)

Protease responsive nanosensors were obtained by the attachment of unique green fluorescent bifunctional 3-arylcoumarin-derived fluorogenic substrates to poly(acrylamide-co-N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide) nanoparticles, in which proteolysis results in substantial signal amplification.
A Glucose Oxidase Electrode Based on Electropolymerized Conducting Polymer with Polyanion−Enzyme Conjugated Dopant (2000)

An enzyme immobilization method has been developed by electropolymerization chemistry of conducting polymer which results in a more effective and reproducible enzyme electrode. As a model system, in this study, glucose oxidase (GOD) was conjugated with a polyanion, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid), via a poly(ethylene oxide) spacer to improve the efficiency of enzyme immobilization into a conducting polymer. GOD was successfully conjugated with a high conjugation yield of more than 90%, and its bioactivity was preserved. The resulting polyanion-GOD conjugate was used as a dopant for the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole. Polypyrrole was effectively deposited on a Pt wire working electrode with the polyanion-GOD conjugate. The enzyme electrode responded to glucose concentrations of up to 20 mM with a sensitivity of 40 nA/mM at an applied potential of 0.4 V within a response time of 30 s. Although the response signal decreased at the low applied potential of 0.3 V, the enzyme electrode showed sensitive response signals of about 16 nA/mM up to 20 mM in glucose concentration. Under the deoxygenated condition, reduced but clear response current signal was obtained. The results show that the current signal response of the enzyme electrode to glucose concentration may be produced by mixed mechanisms.
Gas chromatography/electron capture negative-ion mass spectrometry at the zeptomole level (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas chromatography/electron capture negative-ion mass spectrometry at the zeptomole levelSamy. Abdel-Baky and Roger W. GieseCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 24, 2986–2989Publication Date (Print):December 15, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00024a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00024a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alternative, Easy and Efficient Preparation of Poly[4-(diacetoxyiodo)styrene] from Poly(4-iodostyrene) Using Sodium Perborate as the Oxidant (2006)

An operationally simple, efficient, and considerably improved preparative procedure of poly[4-(diacetoxyiodo)styrene] (PSDIB) is reported. This procedure is performed with acetic acid, 1,2-dichloroethane, commercially available sodium perborate tetrahydrate as an oxidant, and triflic acid as an additive, and gives PSDIB­ after a short reaction time. PSDIB is employed as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis and can be regenerated and reused in the same reaction.
Performance of a spread spectrum OFDM system in a dispersive fading channel with interference (2002)

This paper investigates the use of frequency domain equalization techniques to suppress narrowband interference and combine multiple paths in both direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) spread spectrum (OFDM-SS) systems. The similarities between the two signaling formats are highlighted and it is shown that the same receiver structures can be used for both. Two and four ray channels are considered, including those with delay spreads in excess of the symbol interval, along with tone jamming. The results show that all the equalizers that were evaluated are able to suppress the tone interference while combining the energy in the multiple paths. Additionally, in order to maintain good performance, decision feedback and multiple layers of forward taps are necessary when the delay spread is in excess of a symbol interval.