gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Daclizumab reduces CD25 levels on T cells through monocyte-mediated trogocytosis (2013)

Daclizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that prevents interleukin-2 (IL-2) binding to CD25, blocking IL-2 signaling by cells that require high-affinity IL-2 receptors to mediate IL-2 signaling. The phase 2a CHOICE study evaluating daclizumab as a treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) included longitudinal analysis of activated T cell counts. Whereas an exposure-dependent relationship was observed between daclizumab and reductions in HLA-DR(+)-activated T cells, a similar relationship was not observed for reductions in CD25 levels. The objective of this report is to determine the mechanism by which daclizumab reduces CD25 levels on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using cytometric techniques. Daclizumab reduced T cell CD25 levels through a mechanism that required the daclizumab-Fc domain interaction with Fc receptors (FcR) on monocytes, but not on natural killer (NK) cells, and was unrelated to internalization or cell killing. Activated CD4(+) T cells and FoxP3(+) Treg cells showed evidence of trogocytosis of the CD25 antigen in the presence of monocytes. A daclizumab variant that retained affinity for CD25 but lacked FcR binding did not induce trogocytosis and was significantly less potent as an inhibitor of IL-2-induced proliferation of PBMCs. In conclusion, Daclizumab-induced monocyte-mediated trogocytosis of CD25 from T cells appears to be an additional mechanism contributing to daclizumab inhibition of IL-2 signaling.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin (1993)

Successive alkylation of dimethyl homoterephthalate with propargyl bromide and 2,4-diamino-6-(bromomethyl)pteridine followed by ester saponification at room temperature afforded 2,4-diamino-4-deoxy-10-carboxy-10-propargyl-10-deazapteroic acid. The 10-COOH was readily decarboxylated by heating in DMSO at a temperature of only 120 degrees C to yield the diamino-10-propargyl-10-deazapteroic acid intermediate. Coupling with diethyl L-glutamate and ester hydrolysis gave the title compound. The 10-propargyl analogue was about 5 times more potent than MTX as an inhibitor of growth in L1210 cells, but was only one-third as potent as an inhibitor of DHFR from L1210. The analogue was transported inward very effectively in L1210 cells showing a 10-fold advantage over MTX. At a dose of 36 mg/kg the 10-propargyl compound caused shrinkage of the E0771 solid murine mammary tumor to only 1% of untreated controls.
Renal Function in Patients With Nephrolithiasis (2006)

As a rule, patients with kidney stones do not have normal kidney function. In clinical management all efforts must be made to minimize renal injury, balancing the risks of obstruction from stones against those of urological procedures.
Possible Uses of Corncob Cellulose in the Explosives Industry. (1921)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPossible Uses of Corncob Cellulose in the Explosives Industry.L. G. MarshCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1921, 13, 4, 296–298Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1921Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1921https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50136a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50136a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A 77-GHz CMOS on-chip bandpass filter using slow-wave stepped-impedance resonators (2010)

this paper presents the design and implementation of a 77-GHz millimeter-wave on-chip bandpass filter using a 0.18-µm standard CMOS process. The concept of quarter-wave length stepped impedance resonator (λ/4 SIR) is utilized in the design of improving stopband characteristics. It also can reduce the length of the uniform transmission line. From the structure of the open-circuited dual-behavior resonators (OC-DBRs), this produces one passband with transmission zeros on both sides. In addition, the EBG slow-wave structure is used to reduce the length of open stubs. It can further reduce the component dimension. Compared with the original stub filter, the size of the proposed filter with slow-wave SIR has a smaller size with the size reduction of 40% when they are operated at same resonance frequency. The size of the proposed filter is 0.5 × 0.655 mm2.
Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase PH20 Does Not Stimulate an Acute Inflammatory Response and Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neutrophil Recruitment in the Air Pouch Model of Inflammation (2014)

Hyaluronidase (Hyal) and low m.w. hyaluronan (LMW HA) fragments have been widely reported to stimulate the innate immune response. However, most hyaluronidases used were purified from animal tissues (e.g., bovine testis Hyal [BTH]), and contain endotoxin and other unrelated proteins. We tested a highly purified recombinant human Hyal (rHuPH20) and endotoxin-free HA fragments from M(r) 5,000 to 1,500,000 in the rodent air pouch model of inflammation to determine their potential for stimulation of the innate immune response. Exogenous LMW HA fragments (average M(r) 200,000) failed to induce either cytokine/chemokine production or neutrophil infiltration into the air pouch. Challenging the air pouch with LPS or BTH stimulated production of cytokines and chemokines but rHuPH20 did not, suggesting that neither PH20 nor generation of LMW HA fragments in situ stimulates cytokine and chemokine production. LPS and BTH also induced neutrophil infiltration into the air pouch, which was not observed with rHuPH20 treatment. Endotoxin-depleted BTH had much reduced proinflammatory activity, suggesting that the difference in inflammatory responses between rHuPH20 and BTH is likely due to endotoxin contaminants in BTH. When rHuPH20 was dosed with LPS, the induction of cytokines and chemokines was the same as LPS alone, but neutrophil infiltration was inhibited, likely by interrupting HA-CD44 interaction. Our results indicate that neither rHuPH20 nor its directly generated HA catabolites have inflammatory properties in the air pouch model, and rHuPH20 can instead inhibit some aspects of inflammation, such as neutrophil infiltration into the air pouch.
Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor: inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus activation. (1993)

The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) has been shown to stimulate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in both chronically and acutely infected T lymphocytes and monocytes. Transcriptional activation of the HIV long terminal repeat and subsequent increase in virus production are linked to TNF activation of the cellular transcription factor NF-kappa B. Here we report the use of two forms of soluble recombinant type 1 (p80) TNF receptor to inhibit TNF-induced HIV activation in vitro. One receptor form is a monomer containing the entire 236 residues of the extracellular (ligand-binding) portion of p80. A second receptor form is a chimeric homodimer containing these residues fused to a truncated human IgG1 immunoglobulin heavy chain and, thus, resembles a bivalent antibody without light chains. These recombinant receptor proteins were tested for their ability to inhibit TNF-alpha-induced expression of HIV-1 in chronically infected human cell lines. We also examined the ability of the soluble receptors to limit the activation of the HIV-long terminal repeat transcription. The soluble TNF receptor dimer was most effective at blocking TNF-alpha-induced HIV-1 expression in both monocytoid and lymphoid cells. The molar ratio of TNF-receptor dimer to TNF-alpha found to be most effective was, at least, 5:1. We conclude that at specific TNF/soluble TNF-receptor dimer ratios, TNF-alpha-induced HIV-1 transcription and expression can be limited in vitro.
Analysis of multilayer microstrip lines by a conformal mapping method (1992)

Multilayer microstrip transmission lines are investigated. The conformal mapping method is used to obtain simple analytical relations for the filling factors and the effective permittivity of two fundamental types of three-layer microstrips. Numerical results obtained by the present method are compared with available data from other authors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Collagenolytic Activity of Cathepsin K Is Unique among Mammalian Proteinases (1998)

Type I collagen fibers account for 90% of the organic matrix of bone. The degradation of this collagen is a major event during bone resorption, but its mechanism is unknown. A series of data obtained in biological models strongly suggests that the recently discovered cysteine proteinase cathepsin K plays a key role in bone resorption. Little is known, however, about the actual action of cathepsin K on type I collagen. Here, we show that the activity of cathepsin K alone is sufficient to dissolve completely insoluble collagen of adult human cortical bone. We found that the collagenolytic activity of cathepsin K is directed both outside the helical region of the molecule, i.e. the typical activity of cysteine proteinases, and at various sites inside the helical region, hitherto believed to resist all mammalian proteinases but the collagenases of the matrix metalloproteinase family and the neutrophil elastase. This property of cathepsin K is unique among mammalian proteinases and is reminiscent of bacterial collagenases. It is likely to be responsible for the key role of cathepsin K in bone resorption.
Multiple roles of the coding sequence 5′ end in gene expression regulation (2014)

The codon composition of the coding sequence's (ORF) 5' end first few dozen codons is known to be distinct to that of the rest of the ORF. Various explanations for the unusual codon distribution in this region have been proposed in recent years, and include, among others, novel regulatory mechanisms of translation initiation and elongation. However, due to the fact that many overlapping regulatory signals are suggested to be associated with this relatively short region, its research is challenging. Here, we review the currently known signals that appear in this region, the theories related to the way they regulate translation and affect the organismal fitness, and the debates they provoke.
Learning with Noisy Labels (2013)

In this paper, we theoretically study the problem of binary classification in the presence of random classification noise — the learner, instead of seeing the true la-bels, sees labels that have independently been flipped with some small probability. Moreover, random label noise is class-conditional — the flip probability depends on the class. We provide two approaches to suitably modify any given surrogate loss function. First, we provide a simple unbiased estimator of any loss, and ob-tain performance bounds for empirical risk minimization in the presence of iid data with noisy labels. If the loss function satisfies a simple symmetry condition, we show that the method leads to an efficient algorithm for empirical minimiza-tion. Second, by leveraging a reduction of risk minimization under noisy labels to classification with weighted 0-1 loss, we suggest the use of a simple weighted surrogate loss, for which we are able to obtain strong empirical risk bounds. This approach has a very remarkable consequence — methods used in practice such as biased SVM and weighted logistic regression are provably noise-tolerant. On a synthetic non-separable dataset, our methods achieve over 88 % accuracy even when 40 % of the labels are corrupted, and are competitive with respect to recently proposed methods for dealing with label noise in several benchmark datasets. 1
Role of the rfe gene in the biosynthesis of the Escherichia coli O7-specific lipopolysaccharide and other O-specific polysaccharides containing N-acetylglucosamine (1994)

We report that rfe mutants of wild-type strains of Escherichia coli O7, O18, O75, and O111 did not express O-specific polysaccharide unless the rfe mutation was complemented by a cloned rfe gene supplied in a plasmid. The O polysaccharides in these strains are known to have N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in their O repeats. In addition, in vitro transferase assays with bacterial membranes from either the O7 wild-type strain or its isogenic rfe mutant showed that GlcNAc is the first carbohydrate added onto the lipid acceptor in the assembly of the O7 repeat and that this function is inhibited by tunicamycin. Our results indicate that the rfe gene product is a general requirement for the synthesis of O polysaccharides containing GlcNAc.
FOLFIRI regimen as second-/third-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma refractory to gemcitabine and platinum salts: A retrospective series of 70 patients. (2011)

4132 Background: Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy (CT) is a standard of 1st-line CT in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) and 5-FU/oxaliplatin combination is an option for second-line (Oettle, J Clin Oncol 2005). Data suggested a potential efficacy of 5-FU/irinotecan CT (FOLFIRI) as 1st-line treatment (Taïeb, Ann Oncol 2007) or in gemcitabine/platinum-refractory advanced PAC (Yoo, Br J Cancer 2009 ; Gebbia, Am J Clin Oncol 2010). We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of FOLFIRI regimen as second/third line CT in advanced PAC. Methods: All consecutive patients with advanced PAC (01-2005/05-2010) and OMS≤2, received FOLFIRI-1 (irinotecan 180 mg/m2 D1, n=60) or FOLFIRI-3 CT (irinotecan 100 mg/m2 D1 D3, n=10) after failure of gemcitabine and platinum-based CTs as a systematic policy in our institutions. Data analyzed: tumor response, time to progression (TTP), overall survival rate (OS) and grade 3-4 toxicities. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors. Results: 70 patients were studied. Median age was 60 years (range: 24-81); 52.9% were male; 30 (42.9%) were PS 0, 26 were PS 1 and 14 were PS 2. Cancer was locally advanced in 15.7% and metastatic in 84.3% of patients. Before FOLFIRI regimen, patients received 1 line (n=24, 34.3%), 2 lines (n=40, 57.1%) or ≥ 3 lines (n=6, 8.8%) of CT. TTP with last previous line was 3.8 months. Using FOLFIRI, tumor control was achieved in 31 (44.3%) patients (PR: 5, SD: 26). Median TTP was 3.2 months (CI95%: 2.5-4.2), median OS was 6.7 months (CI95%: 5.4-8.9). Dose adaptation was required in 39 (55.7%) patients. Eighteen (25.7%) patients had grade 3-4 toxicities (haematologic n=13, digestive n=6). Febrile neutropenia occurred in 3 patients. There was no toxic death. PS 2 was significantly associated with poor TTP (0.9 months, HR=6.66, p<0.001) and OS (2.5 months, HR=3.95, p=0.001). Conclusions: FOLFIRI regimen after failure of gemcitabine- and platinum-based CTs for advanced PAC has acceptable toxicity and interesting efficacy limited to patients in good condition (PS 0-1). FOLFIRI regimen should be tested as 1st line CT in patients with advanced PAC.
Dual-band omnidirectional microstrip patch array antenna for a mobile communication system (2002)

A dual-band omnidirectional microstrip patch antenna array is presented. The antenna will be used in the mobile terminal of a mobile communication system at 2 GHz. Four multilayer rectangular patches have been mounted on the sidewalls of a truncated pyramid. The main goal is to provide a received power as constant as possible along a typical elongated rectangular street cell.
Monitoring the critically ill patient. (1999)

It has long been recognised that the physiological response of the patient to a stress or disease process will very largely determine the outcome. It is important, therefore, to monitor the physiological responses of patients since this not only allows the assessment of physiological reserve but will also give a baseline against which the effectiveness of any applied treatment can be judged. Basic knowledge of the principles of monitoring and correct interpretation of data is important since a failure to do so can result in misdirected therapy. Much of what will be discussed in this review revolves around the maintenance of normal aerobic metabolism and thus maintenance of viable cell function and measurement of the degree of tissue oxygenation. Reduced supply of oxygen over demand for oxygen results in cell injury and organ dysfunction. Only by assessing this dysfunction can appropriate modifications of therapy be undertaken.
Spectral Tuning of Pigments Underlying Red-Green Color Vision (1991)

Variations in the absorption spectra of cone photopigments over the spectral range of about 530 to 562 nanometers are a principal cause of individual differences in human color vision and of differences in color vision within and across other primates. To study the molecular basis of these variations, nucleotide sequences were determined for eight primate photopigment genes. The spectral peaks of the pigments specified by these genes spanned the range from 530 to 562 nanometers. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequences of these eight pigments suggest that three amino acid substitutions produce the approximately 30-nanometer difference in spectral peaks of the pigments underlying human red-green color vision, and red shifts of specific magnitudes are produced by replacement of nonpolar with hydroxyl-bearing amino acids at each of the three critical positions.
Transgenic mice express human MPO −463G/A alleles at atherosclerotic lesions, developing hyperlipidemia and obesity in −463G males (2006)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an oxidant-generating enzyme present in macrophages at atherosclerotic lesions and implicated in coronary artery disease (CAD). Although mouse models are important for investigating the role of MPO in atherosclerosis, neither mouse MPO nor its oxidation products are detected in lesions in murine models. To circumvent this problem, we generated transgenic mice expressing two functionally different human MPO alleles, with either G or A at position -463, and crossed these to the LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mouse. The -463G allele is linked to higher MPO expression and increased CAD incidence in humans. Both MPO alleles were expressed in a subset of lesions in high-fat-fed LDLR(-/-) mice, notably at necrotic lesions with cholesterol clefts. MPOG-expressing LDLR(-/-) males (but not females) developed significantly higher serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose, all correlating with increased weight gain/obesity, implicating MPO in lipid homeostasis. The MPOG- and MPOA-expressing LDLR(-/-) males also exhibited significantly larger aortic lesions than control LDLR(-/-) males. The human MPO transgenic model will facilitate studies of MPO involvement in atherosclerosis and lipid homeostasis.
The Influence of Meso-Substitution on the Photophysical Behavior of Some Thiacarbocyanine Dyes in Dilute Solution (2001)

Fluorescence upconversion experiments were performed on monomer solutions of a number of structurally similar thiacarbocyanine dyes. The results from these time-resolved experiments combined with the data obtained from steady-state absorption and emission and 1H NMR spectra allowed us to assign the components with different decay times to distinct isomers of the thiacarbocyanine dye molecules. Furthermore, it was possible to relate the substitution pattern of the dye molecules to their photophysical properties. For all meso-substituted dyes, a short-lived component of either 3.5 or 5.7 ps could be assigned to a mono-cis conformation of the thiacarbocyanines. This component emits at longer wavelengths. A second component ranging from 15 to 71 ps and emitting at shorter wavelengths was attributed to the all-trans conformation of the meso-substituted trimethine dyes. Time-resolved emission spectra revealed in a very clear and direct way the evolution of the contribution of the two conformations to the spectra. The size and/or solvation of the N,N‘-substituents have a parallel influence on the decay time of the fast and the slow decaying component. Besides the N,N‘-substituents also the meso-substituent has an influence on the decay time and amplitude of the longer-lived component.
Aberrant and Alternative Splicing in Cancer (2004)

Pre-mRNA splicing is a sophisticated and ubiquitous nuclear process, which is a natural source of cancer-causing errors in gene expression. Intronic splice site mutations of tumor suppressor genes often cause exon-skipping events that truncate proteins just like classical nonsense mutations. Also, many studies over the last 20 years have reported cancer-specific alternative splicing in the absence of genomic mutations. Affected proteins include transcription factors, cell signal transducers, and components of the extracellular matrix. Antibodies against alternatively spliced products on cancer cells are currently in clinical trials, and competitive reverse transcription-PCR across regions of alternative splicing is being used as a simple diagnostic test. As well as being associated with cancer, the nature of the alternative gene products is usually consistent with an active role in cancer; therefore, the alternative splicing process itself is a potential target for gene therapy.
Maxillary sinus grafting with anorganic bovine bone: a clinical report of long-term results. (2003)

Anorganic bovine bone used alone appears to be a suitable material for sinus floor augmentation.
Case study: an empirical investigation of thumbnail image recognition (2002)

The use of thumbnails (i.e., miniatures) in the user-interface of image databases allows searching and selection of images without the need for naming policies. Treating parent images prior to reduction with edge-detecting smoothing, lossy image compression, or static codebook compression resulted in thumbnails where the distortion caused by reduction was lessened. An experiment assessing these techniques found resulting thumbnails could be recognised more quickly and accurately than thumbnails of the same parent images that had been reduced without treatment. This pretreatment in thumbnail creation is offered as an improvement.