gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuropilin-1, a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, promotes chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cell lines (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

4879 

Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a novel co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and increases the affinity of VEGF for its tyrosine kinase receptors VEGFR-1 and –2. NRP-1 expression has recently been demonstrated in various tumor cell lines, including a majority of malignant pancreatic cell lines, but not in non-malignant pancreas tissues. METHODS: To determine the role of NRP-1 in pancreatic cancer cells, we stably transfected the cDNA for NRP-1 into the human pancreatic cell lines, FG and Panc-1, with empty vector transfectants serving as controls. We also utilized siRNA technology to reduce the endogenously high NRP-1 expression in Panc-1 cells. Effects of overexpression of NRP-1 on signaling were assessed by Western blot analysis. MTT assays were carried out to assess the effects of NRP-1 levels on sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agents gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). RESULTS: Overexpression of NRP-1 led to an upregulation of constitutive MAPK signaling, suggesting the possibility of induction of survival pathways. Overexpression of NRP-1 in FG, a cell line with low endogenous NRP-1 expression, increased survival by >40% after exposure to gemcitabine. It also protected FG cells against apoptosis secondary to 5-FU, increasing the IC50 by greater than two log-fold. In contrast, knockout of NRP-1 in Panc-1 cells by siRNA markedly increased their sensitivity to gemcitabine, inducing over 50% cell death at clinically relevant doses. The Panc-1 cells with reduced NRP-1 expression due to siRNA treatment showed a trend toward greater chemosensitivity in response to 5-FU, although the results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: NRP-1 overexpression in pancreatic cancer cell lines is associated with chemoresistance to various types of chemotherapy, whereas NRP-1 knockout by siRNA is able to enhance sensitivity to chemotherapy. Since we have previously shown that NRP-1 also enhances resistance to detachment-induced apoptosis (anoikis) in FG cells, it may protect cancer cells against multiple stressors. Targeting NRP-1 in pancreatic cancer cells may potentially downregulate survival signaling pathways that increase sensitivity to chemotherapy and apoptosis.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-D is an independent prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (2003)

We assessed the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D and their receptor VEGFR-3 by immunohistochemistry in 59 epithelial ovarian carcinomas, 11 borderline tumours and 20 benign cystadenomas. VEGF-C and VEGF-D were generally expressed in tumour cells and also in endothelia adjacent to tumour nests which showed a strong staining for them. VEGFR-3 was expressed in lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells adjacent to tumour nests. Immunoreactivity was significantly more frequent as lesions progressed from a benign tumour to advanced carcinoma. A strong correlation was found between VEGF-C and VEGF-D detected in carcinoma and VEGFR-3 detected in neighbouring endothelial cells. Increased expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and peritoneal metastasis outside the pelvis. There was a significant correlation between the high levels of VEGF-C and VEGF-D proteins, and poor survival. The presence of VEGF-D was an independent prognostic indicator by multivariate analysis. We conclude that VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 play an important role in lymphatic spread and intraperitoneal tumour development in ovarian carcinoma. Since VEGF-D was found to be an independent predictor of poor outcome, its measurement, together with other prognostic markers may improve prospective identification of patients with a poor prognosis.
A 1/4 inch format 250 K pixel amplified MOS image sensor using CMOS process (2002)

A 1/4 inch format 250K pixel amplified MOS image sensor has been developed with the CMOS process. We have developed a new circuit technique using a 0.8 /spl mu/m design rule to achieve reduction of pixel size while realizing vertical two line mixing and high sensitivity. Considering high speed operation and stacking photoconversion layers, we have designed scanner circuits and photodiode potential. As a result, a dynamic range of 75 dB and a sensitivity of 1.8 /spl mu/ A/lx have been attained at a pixel size of 7.2(H)/spl times/5.6(V)/spl mu/ m/sup 2/. Also we confirmed high speed operation up to a HDTV data rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis, characterisation and extraction behaviour of calix[4]arene-based phosphonic acidsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Tables S1–S3 and Figs. S1 and S2. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/p2/b1/b105489a/ (2002)

Three new bis(phosphonic) acids were prepared by derivatization of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene on the lower rim by –(CH2)xPO3H2 groups and were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy; some of them were further investigated by X-ray analysis. The compounds obtained were tested as extractants for La3+, Eu3+, Yb3+ and Th4+ in 0.1–1 M HNO3. Structural details of the complex HLn(H2L1)2 where Ln = Y, La, Eu were elucidated by NMR techniques in solution. The extraction efficiencies decrease with increasing length of the CH2 spacer; the dependence is not monotonic, and an extraordinary selectivity was observed for Yb. The extraction efficiency of Ln3+ for all of the ligands studied increased significantly with decreasing ionic radius.
New Approaches for Improving Engraftment after Cord Blood Transplantation (2009)

Use of unrelated umbilical cord blood cells (UCB) as an alternative source of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been widely used mainly for patients lacking an HLA-matched donor. There are many advantages for using CB cells over bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood (MBP) from volunteer donors, such as rapid availability, absence of risk for the donor, or decreased incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). However, a significant clinical problem is delayed engraftment, which is directly correlated with the number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in a CB unit. The understanding of methods to improve collection, expansion, and homing of CB cells, the identification of prognostic factors associated with engraftment that can be easily modified (eg, strategies for donor choice), and development of new approaches including use of multiple donors, cotransplantation with accessory cells are of crucial importance to circumvent the problem of delayed engraftment after UCB transplantation. Those approaches may greatly increase the quality and availability of CB for transplantation.
Complement activation by PEO-grafted glass surfaces (1999)

Activation of the complement system is one way in which the human body reacts to foreign materials that come in contact with blood. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) has been used quite frequently to modify biomaterial surfaces to prevent protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Despite extensive use of PEO, however, PEO-induced complement activation has not been examined before. We examined the complement activation by PEO chains grafted to glass surfaces. PEO was grafted to trichlorovinylsilane-treated glass (TCVS-glass) by gamma-irradiation using PEO homopolymer, Pluronic F108 (PF108), and PEO-polybutadiene-PEO triblock copolymer (COP5000). Complement activation was assessed by measuring the plasma C3a level. Of the three polymers grafted (PEO, PF108, and COP5000), only PF108 showed significant increases in complement activation over controls. Complement C3a production on PF108-grafted glass was linearly dependent on surface concentration of grafted PF108. The C3a concentration increased from 46 ng/mL to 316 ng/mL as the surface PF108 concentration increased from 0-0.25 microg/cm(2). Kinetics of C3a generation by PF108-grafted surfaces show that 60% of the steady state C3a concentration was generated during the first hour of plasma exposure. When the same PF108-grafted glass surface was repeatedly exposed to fresh plasma, the amount of C3a generated decreased by 70% after the first exposure. This supports the "single-hit" mechanism in complement activation. PEO homopolymer did not activate complement in bulk solution, and, thus, it appears that C3a complement activation by PF108-grafted surfaces is due to the presence of poly(propylene oxide) units. Grafting of PEO using PEO-containing block copolymers requires examination of complement activating properties of the non-PEO segment.
Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs): Bridging the Void between Microporous and Polymeric Materials (2005)

Novel types of microporous material are required for chemoselective adsorptions, separations and heterogeneous catalysis. This concept article describes recent research directed towards the synthesis of polymeric materials that possess microporosity that is intrinsic to their molecular structures. These polymers (PIMs) can exhibit analogous behaviour to that of conventional microporous materials, but, in addition, may be processed into convenient forms for use as membranes. The excellent performance of these membranes for gas separation and pervaporation illustrates the unique character of PIMs and suggests immediate technological applications.
A photoemitted electron-impact ionization method for time-of-flight mass spectrometers (1993)

A simple and efficient electron-impact ionization method for time-of-flight mass spectrometers is described. This method utilizes the photoelectrons emitted from the accelerating electrode surfaces upon UV laser irradiation as the electron source. Since no modification of the spectrometer is required, it provides a convenient way to perform electron-impact ionization in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer originally designed for laser ionization. The detection sensitivity (∼109/cm3) and mass resolution (∼150) achieved by this method in our apparatus are sufficient for diagnostic purposes for cluster beam experiments. The observed ion intensities suggest that the photoelectron current density produced is comparable to those generated by conventional thermionic emission electron sources. This technique is generally applicable as an ionization method in time-of-flight mass spectrometers and is particularly useful when the available lasers are not suitable for photoionization detection due to wavelength or intensity limitations.
The Integrity of the Ball-and-Socket Joint Between V and C Domains Is Essential for Complete Activity of a Humanized Antibody (2001)

AF2 is a high affinity murine Ab possessing potent neutralizing activity against human IFN-gamma. In carrying out the modifications to humanize this Ab, we discovered that an initial version displayed affinity for IFN-gamma that was slightly less than that of AF2, but exhibited IFN-gamma-neutralizing activity that was severely diminished. Characterization via site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the majority of this loss in IFN-gamma-neutralizing activity was due to altering the V(H) framework residue at position 11. V(H) position 11 is distal to the binding surface of the Ab; however, it, along with residues 110 and 112, have been identified as forming the socket of a molecular ball-and-socket joint between the V and C domains of the Ig Fab, which influences the elbow angle between these domains. To determine whether disrupting the structure of this joint was the basis for reduced IFN-gamma-neutralizing capacity, we altered residue 148 of C(H1), which with residue 149 comprises the corresponding ball portion of the joint. Changing this single C(H1) domain residue diminished the ability of the Ab to neutralize IFN-gamma to a level similar to that observed with the V(H) alteration. Thus, an intact ball-and-socket joint between the V and C domains in AF2 is required for potent neutralization of IFN-gamma. These results suggest the importance of the elbow angle between Ig V and C domains in Ab activity, and support the hypothesis that this joint can be an important functional element of Ab structure.
Microturbine Power Conversion Technology Review (2003)

In this study, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is performing a technology review to assess the market for commercially available power electronic converters that can be used to connect microturbines to either the electric grid or local loads. The intent of the review is to facilitate an assessment of the present status of marketed power conversion technology to determine how versatile the designs are for potentially providing different services to the grid based on changes in market direction, new industry standards, and the critical needs of the local service provider. The project includes data gathering efforts and documentation of the state-of-the-art design approaches that are being used by microturbine manufacturers in their power conversion electronics development and refinement. This project task entails a review of power converters used in microturbines sized between 20 kW and 1 MW. The power converters permit microturbine generators, with their non-synchronous, high frequency output, to interface with the grid or local loads. The power converters produce 50- to 60-Hz power that can be used for local loads or, using interface electronics, synchronized for connection to the local feeder and/or microgrid. The power electronics enable operation in a stand-alone mode as a voltage source or in grid-connect mode as a current source. Some microturbines are designed to automatically switch between the two modes. The information obtained in this data gathering effort will provide a basis for determining how close the microturbine industry is to providing services such as voltage regulation, combined control of both voltage and current, fast/seamless mode transfers, enhanced reliability, reduced cost converters, reactive power supply, power quality, and other ancillary services. Some power quality improvements will require the addition of storage devices; therefore, the task should also determine what must be done to enable the power conversion circuits to accept a varying dc voltage source. The study will also look at technical issues pertaining to the interconnection and coordinated/compatible operation of multiple microturbines. It is important to know today if modifications to provide improved operation and additional services will entail complete redesign, selected component changes, software modifications, or the addition of power storage devices. This project is designed to provide a strong technical foundation for determining present technical needs and identifying recommendations for future work.
Open Stent Design - Poster (2012)

Overview of the Open Stent Design project, presented at the <em>FDA</em> / NHLBI / NSF Workshop on <em>Computer Methods</em> for Cardiovascular Devices, June 10-11, <em>2010</em>
Properties of Angiotensin II Receptors in the Bovine and Rat Adrenal Cortex (1974)

Receptorsfor angiotensin II have been identified and characterized in bovine and rat adrenal cortex by binding studies with tritiated and monoiodinated angiotensin II.The angiotensin II binding sites of bovine adrenal cortex homogenate were enriched severalfold in a microsomal membrane fraction together with alkaline phosphatase, adenylate cyclase, 5'nucleotidase and ZlP-hydroxylase.Uptake of angiotensin II by adrenal cortex particles and adrenal cells was rapid, reaching equilibrium at 15 to 30 min in the pres-
Compact PLC-based Transponder Aggregator for Colorless and Directionless ROADM (2011)

We describe a compact transponder aggregator comprising a splitter-switch and a tunable filter array based on PLC technology. We realize a colorless, directionless and contentionless multi-degree ROADM node cost-effectively with a small footprint.
Pharmacomechanical Thrombolysis with Urokinase for Treatment of Thrombosed Hemodialysis Access Grafts (1994)

Seventy-one consecutively occluded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts treated with pharmacomechanical thrombolysis were compared with 75 surgical controls. The patients undergoing thrombomechanical lysis had a comparable rate of successful declotting (91% vs. 90.7%) and no significant difference in patency at 24 and 48 hr, 1 week, and 1 and 6 months. Patients undergoing thrombolysis required less overnight hospitalization (17 vs. 82%) (P < 0.001) and their hospital stays averaged 1.03 days versus 3.43 days in the surgical thrombectomy group (P < 0.0001). Complication rates were similar in both groups. Hospital charges and physician fees were significantly lower in the thrombolysis group, with total charges averaging $6,802 versus $12,740 (P = 0.0018). These cost differences were maintained even when patients with extended stays were excluded. In conclusion, pharmacomechanical thrombolysis provides efficacy and complications comparable to surgical thrombectomy, with the benefits of a decreased rate of hospitalization, decreased total number of days of hospitalization, and significant cost savings. The authors determined that pharmacomechanical thrombolysis is the preferable first intervention for acutely occluded PTFE grafts.
The Trefoil Peptide Family (1996)

The unique three-loop structure of the trefoil motif, formed by intrachain disulfide bonds in a 1-5, 2-4, 3-6 configuration between six conserved cysteine residues, is the defining feature of a recently recognized family of peptides. Expression of trefoil peptides is closely related to that of mucin glycoproteins in diverse biological sources. Three distinct members of the family (pS2, intestinal trefoil factor, and spasmolytic polypeptide) are produced in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract by mucus-secreting cells and targeted primarily for luminal secretion. The compact structure of the trefoil motif may be responsible for marked resistance of trefoil peptides to proteolytic digestion, enabling them to function in the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal lumen. Trefoil peptides are ectopically expressed adjacent to areas of inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract and may play an important role in both maintaining the barrier function of mucosal surfaces and facilitating healing after injury.
Hybrid binary rewriting for memory access instrumentation (2011)

Memory access instrumentation is fundamental to many applications such as software transactional memory systems, profiling tools and race detectors. We examine the problem of efficiently instrumenting memory accesses in x86 machine code to support software transactional memory and profiling. We aim to automatically instrument all shared memory accesses in critical sections of x86 binaries, while achieving overhead close to that obtained when performing manual instrumentation at the source code level.
Low dark current Ge PIN photodiode for a high-performance, photonic BiCMOS process for radio-over-fiber applications (2012)

A waveguide coupled Ge PIN photodiode showing 0.7A/W responsivity and 13GHz optical bandwidth at a low dark current of 12mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is presented. Its unique features facilitate integration in a high-performance, photonic BiCMOS process.
Weight Loss after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Obese Patients Heterozygous for MC4R Mutations (2010)

This study suggests that patients with heterozygous MC4R mutations also benefit from RYGB and that weight loss may be independent of the presence of such mutations.
Endothelium-Dependent Coronary Vasomotion Relates to the Susceptibility of LDL to Oxidation in Humans (1996)

In patients treated with lipid-lowering agents, the vasodilator response to acetylcholine is related to the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. These findings suggest that oxidative stress is an important determinant of the coronary endothelial dysfunction observed in patients with atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia.
Copper(II)-Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl/Heteroaryl Boronic Acids, Boronates, and Trifluoroborates into the Corresponding Azides: Substrate Scope and Limitations (2010)

We report the copper(II)-catalyzed conversion of organoboron compounds into the corresponding azide derivatives. A systematic series of phenylboronic acid derivatives is evaluated to examine the importance of steric and electronic effects of the substituents on reaction yield as well as functional group compatibility. Heterocyclic substrates are also shown to participate in this mild reaction while compounds incorporating B-C(sp(3)) bonds are unreactive under the reaction conditions. The copper(II)-catalyzed boronic acid-azide coupling reaction is further extended to both boronate esters and potassium organotrifluoroborate salts. The method described herein complements existing procedures for the preparation of aryl azides from the respective amino, triazene, and halide derivatives and we expect that it will greatly facilitate copper- and ruthenium-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions for the preparation of diversely functionalized 1-aryl- or 1-heteroaryl-1,2,3-triazoles derivatives.
Loss of the AP-2alpha transcription factor is associated with the grade of human gliomas. (2005)

AP-2alpha expression correlates inversely with glioma grade, suggesting a direct role in glioma tumorigenicity, possibly through subsequent deregulation of target genes. Of all the previously characterized markers of progression, the loss of AP-2alpha would be the most common (96.2%) molecular marker as an astrocytic tumor evolves from grade 2 to 3.
SiamRPN++: Evolution of Siamese Visual Tracking with Very Deep Networks (2018)

Siamese network based trackers formulate tracking as convolutional feature cross-correlation between target template and searching region. However, Siamese trackers still have accuracy gap compared with state-of-the-art algorithms and they cannot take advantage of feature from deep networks, such as ResNet-50 or deeper. In this work we prove the core reason comes from the lack of strict translation invariance. By comprehensive theoretical analysis and experimental validations, we break this restriction through a simple yet effective spatial aware sampling strategy and successfully train a ResNet-driven Siamese tracker with significant performance gain. Moreover, we propose a new model architecture to perform depth-wise and layer-wise aggregations, which not only further improves the accuracy but also reduces the model size. We conduct extensive ablation studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed tracker, which obtains currently the best results on four large tracking benchmarks, including OTB2015, VOT2018, UAV123, and LaSOT. Our model will be released to facilitate further studies based on this problem.
Germination of Bacillus megaterium Spores After Various Extraction Procedures (1973)

The initiation of germination of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores, grown in supplemented nutrient broth, has been studied. The initiation properties depend on buffer concentrations and the particular batch of spores. Initiation in l-alanine, KBr, calcium dipicolinate, or in buffer alone increases as a function of the spore age; whereas initiation in glucose, l-leucine, or l-proline remains relatively constant. Extraction of spores with alkali, sodium dodecyl sulfate-dithiothreitol, or lithium diiodosalicylate removes variable amounts of dipicolinic acid, hexosamine, and protein. These extracted spores are still capable of initiation and, in some cases, initiation is stimulated. However, extraction of spores with 8 M urea-10% mercaptoethanol inhibits subsequent initiation.