gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some characteristics of histamine secretion from rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated with nerve growth factor. (1986)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) isolated from mouse submandibular gland or from snake venom produced a dose-dependent release of histamine from isolated rat peritoneal mast cells. The response was almost totally dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium ions and on added phosphatidylserine or its lyso-derivative. At high concentrations, strontium ions could substitute for calcium. The process was non-cytotoxic, relatively slow, pH dependent and blocked by polyclonal antibodies to NGF. Binding of NGF to the mast cell was not dependent on added calcium. The release was unaffected by low molecular weight glucose polymers or specific quaternary ammonium salts and thus differed from that evoked by clinical dextran or polyamines. The release was not inhibited by soluble rat IgE or IgG and was unimpaired in mast cells recovered from specific pathogen free rats. As such it did not appear to be mediated through interaction with cell-fixed antibodies. The process further differed from anaphylactic histamine release in that there was no accompanying change in the intracellular level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP), the activated state induced by NGF was much more persistent than that evoked by antigen, and there was no cross-desensitization between the two latter stimuli. In total, these data suggest that NGF may induce secretion from rat mast cells by interaction with a specific receptor on the plasma membrane, possibly similar to that present on sensory and sympathetic neurones.
Bovine Pancreatic Deoxyribonuclease D (1974)

Abstract Of the four deoxyribonucleases, DNases A, B, C, and D, observable by chromatography of preparations of the pancreatic enzyme on cellulose phosphate, DNase D, the component present in the smallest amount, has not been previously characterized. Peptide maps show that the sequence of the amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain of DNase D is indistinguishable from that of DNase C; analysis of the carbohydrate side chain shows that DNase D contains 1 galactose and 1 sialic acid residue not present in DNase C. With the knowledge that DNase C differs from DNase A by the substitution of 1 proline for 1 histidine residue in the sequence, and that DNase B differs from DNase A only in that it is a sialoglycoprotein, we now see that the bovine pancreas synthesizes each of two amino acid sequences with and without the addition of galactose and sialic acid to the carbohydrate side chain. In order to prepare small amounts of DNase D in stable form, traces of proteolytic activity in the samples were removed by taking advantage of the affinity of the enzyme for Ca2+. On DEAE-celluloses at pH 8.0, the DNases are strongly adsorbed and can be eluted relatively specifically by increasing concentrations of Ca2+ in the eluting buffer (gradient from 0 to 2 mm Ca2+). This method of purification is applicable to DNases A, B, C, and D and provides further evidence of the marked effect of Ca2+ on the properties of these enzymes.
Iron(III)-Doped, Silica Nanoshells: A Biodegradable Form of Silica (2012)

Silica nanoparticles are being investigated for a number of medical applications; however, their use in vivo has been questioned because of the potential for bioaccumulation. To obviate this problem, silica nanoshells were tested for enhanced biodegradability by doping iron(III) into the nanoshells. Exposure of the doped silica to small molecule chelators and mammalian serum was explored to test whether the removal of iron(III) from the silica nanoshell structure would facilitate its degradation. Iron chelators, such as EDTA, desferrioxamine, and deferiprone, were found to cause the nanoshells to degrade on the removal of iron(III) within several days at 80 °C. When the iron(III)-doped, silica nanoshells were submerged in fetal bovine and human serums at physiological temperature, they also degrade via removal of the iron by serum proteins, such as transferrin, over a period of several weeks.
A 221-bp fragment of the mouse opsin promoter directs expression specifically to the rod photoreceptors of transgenic mice (1997)

Mutations in the human rod opsin gene have been shown to segregate with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) and photoreceptor degeneration in transgenic mice. While these degenerations are characterized by the primary degeneration of rods, cones eventually die as well. To determine whether this subsequent cone degeneration is the result of expression of mutant rod opsin in the cones, the retinal cell-type specificity of a 221-bp fragment of the mouse rod opsin promoter was evaluated. Two transgenic mouse lines generated by injecting a fusion gene comprised of a 221-bp fragment of the mouse rod opsin promoter and the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene (Tag) were examined. The expression of Tag causes photoreceptor cell degeneration in members of both transgenic lines. However, the two lines differed with respect to the level of Tag expression and the rate and extent of photoreceptor cell degeneration. Immunocytochemical localization of opsin and Tag in surviving photoreceptor cells was determined and the results were confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rod- and cone-mediated function was evaluated by electroretinography (ERG). In the higher Tag-expressing transgenic line only one row of nuclei remained in the outer nuclear layer at postnatal day (P) 150. While these nuclei showed no antigenicity for rod opsin or Tag, they did stain with an antibody that reacts with both rod and cone S-antigens (arrestins), indicating that these cells were surviving photoreceptor nuclei. Positive staining with peanut agglutinin, which uniquely decorates matrix domains surrounding cones in the normal retina, confirmed that the surviving photoreceptor nuclei were of cone origin. RT-PCR substantiated the results from immunostaining; amplification product was obtained using blue cone opsin transcripts but not from either Tag or rod opsin transcripts. The second transgenic mouse line exhibited a much slower photoreceptor cell death that was associated with low levels of Tag transgene transcript. At P120, approximately 50% of photoreceptors remained and an approximately 45% reduction in the rod ERG a-wave was observed. Cone-mediated ERGs, however, were normal. The results demonstrate the rod-specific expression of Tag as directed by the 221-bp fragment of the mouse rod opsin promoter and suggest that the cone degeneration in ADRP or transgenic mice associated with mutations in the rod opsin gene is a secondary effect of rod degeneration.
Posttranscriptional Control of the Salmonella enterica Flagellar Hook Protein FlgE (2006)

Previous work suggested that the FlgE (flagellar hook subunit) protein in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was posttranscriptionally regulated in response to the stage of flagellar assembly. Specifically, the FlgE protein could be detected in flagellar mutants defective at the stages of assembly before or after rod assembly but not in rod assembly mutants, yet flgE mRNA levels were unaffected. To elucidate posttranscriptional mechanisms involved in the coupling of flgE gene expression to hook assembly, the RNA sequences at the 5' and 3' ends of the flgE-containing mRNA processed from the large flgBCDEFGHIJKL operon were determined by rapid amplification of cDNA ends, and secretion of the FlgE protein in different flagellar assembly mutant strains was analyzed. The sequences 5' and 3' of the flgE gene where RNA processing occurred was within 15 bases upstream of the flgD stop codon and at bases 145 to 147 downstream of the flgF start codon, respectively. The ribosome binding site of the flgD gene was found to be inhibitory to flgE translation in strains deleted for the upstream flgD gene, unless the region 15 bases upstream of the flgD stop codon was present. Secretion of FlgE into the periplasm was monitored using beta-lactamase (Bla) fusions as a periplasm-specific reporter, which conferred resistance to ampicillin when FlgE-Bla was secreted into the periplasm. Using this assay, we found that the effect of rod assembly mutants on FlgE levels was due to FlgE turnover in the periplasm and that the FliE rod component protein was required for efficient FlgE-Bla secretion.
Studies on the mechanism of polyethylene glycol-mediated cell fusion using fluorescent membrane and cytoplasmic probes. (1983)

The mechanism by which polyethylene glycol (PEG) mediates cell fusion has been studied by examining the movements of membrane lipids and proteins, as well as cytoplasmic markers, from erythrocytes to monolayers of cultured cells to which they have been fused. Fluorescence and freeze-fracture electron microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching have yielded the following results: (a) In the presence of both fusogenic and nonfusogenic PEG membranes are brought together at closely apposed contact regions. (b) Fluorescent lipid probes quickly spread from the membranes of erythrocytes to cultured cells in the presence of both fusogenic and nonfusogenic PEG. (c) Proteins of the erythrocyte membranes were never observed to diffuse into the cultured cell membrane. (d) Water-soluble proteins did not diffuse from the erythrocyte interior into the target cell cytoplasm until the PEG was removed. These data suggest that the coordinate action of two distinct components is necessary for fusion as mediated by PEG. Presumably, the polymer itself promotes close apposition of the adjacent cell membranes but the fusion stimulus is provided by the additives contained in commercial PEG.
Cloning and assembly strategies in microbial genome projects (1999)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
α4Integrins as Therapeutic Targets in Autoimmune Disease (2003)

In this issue of the Journal, two groups of investigators report on clinical trials of natalizumab, a recombinant monoclonal antibody against α4 integrins, for the treatment of multiple sclerosis1 and Crohn's disease.2 Miller et al. report that a group of patients with multiple sclerosis who received monthly injections of natalizumab had significantly fewer new inflammatory central nervous system lesions than the placebo group (a reduction of approximately 90 percent) and had approximately half as many clinical relapses.1 Ghosh et al. report that patients with Crohn's disease also had an improved response to natalizumab,2 with response and remission rates that . . .
Edge enhancement techniques for improving the performance of binary phase-only filter pattern recognition devices (1994)

Several edge enhancement techniques are examined for improving the performance of binary phase-only filter pattern recognition devices. These include the linear techniques of blocking the lower Fourier orders and Laplacian filtering as well as the nonlinear techniques of phase extraction and phase binarization. The results indicate that the nonlinear techniques outperform the linear techniques when there is no distortion caused by aperturing the input information. However, when the input is apertured, both the linear and nonlinear techniques yield approximately the same peak-to-noise ratio.
Association between the 11-Yr Solar Cycle, the QBO, and the Atmosphere. Part III: Aspects of the Association (1989)

The probable association in the northern winter between the atmosphere and the 11-yr solar cycle extends to the frequency of lows in the North American east coast trough and thus adds a synoptic aspect to the previously described atmospheric variability on the 11-yr time scale. Statistically significant correlations of sea level pressure, 700-mb height, and surface air temperature on the Northern Hemisphere in July–August with the 11-yr solar cycle are found primarily over the oceans. The few years for which data of sea level pressure at grid points are available an the Southern Hemisphere yield coherent correlation patterns in summer and winter which are especially marked in the East years of the QBO. The temperature in the lower stratosphere over the South Pole in spring is well correlated with the solar activity in the East and hardly at all in the West years of the QBO. On the Northern Hemisphere the West years in spring are as strongly correlated with the solar cycle in the stratosphere as they are in winter. The pattern of positive and negative correlations is, however, the opposite of that in winter, which we interpret as being related to the different time of occurrence of the final warming in years with or without major midwinter warmings.
Scalable graph exploration and visualization: Sensemaking challenges and opportunities (2015)

Making sense of large graph datasets is a fundamental and challenging process that advances science, education and technology. We survey research on graph exploration and visualization approaches aimed at addressing this challenge. Different from existing surveys, our investigation highlights approaches that have strong potential in handling large graphs, algorithmically, visually, or interactively; we also explicitly connect relevant works from multiple research fields — data mining, machine learning, human-computer ineraction, information visualization, information retrieval, and recommender systems — to underline their parallel and complementary contributions to graph sensemaking. We ground our discussion in sensemaking research; we propose a new graph sensemaking hierarchy that categorizes tools and techniques based on how they operate on the graph data (e.g., local vs global). We summarize and compare their strengths and weaknesses, and highlight open challenges. We conclude with future research directions for graph sensemaking.
Testing intelligent power supplies for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Accelerator Complex (2003)

New high-current, high-precision microprocessor-controlled power supplies, built by Alpha Scientific Electronics of Hayward, CA, have been installed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory Accelerator Complex. Twenty-four power supplies have been ordered, the first of which is a 600 kilowatt supply installed in the Magnet Measurement Facility. Tests were conducted on this supply to verify adherence to specification and to ascertain ultimate long-term stability and performance. Specification of these supplies requires current regulation of 0.002% of maximum output and long-term stability of 0.001% of full current rating over a twelve-hour period. A large (twenty ton) dipole magnet was used as a load to fully exercise the supply up to its 3000 Ampere capability. Test design is described and results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Gas‐Phase Synthesis of [Ag4H]+ and Its Mediation of the CC Coupling of Allyl Bromide (2004)

Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of silver–amino acid clusters results in the formation of the silver hydride cluster [Ag4H]+, which mediates CC bond coupling of allyl bromide (see scheme). Energy-resolved CID experiments reveal that the product is 1,5-hexadiene and suggest analogies between the chemistry of the clusters and that of silver surfaces and nanoparticles. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z461328_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Relative Anti-HIV-1 Efficacy of Lamivudine and Emtricitabine In Vitro Is Dependent on Cell Type (2003)

There were no significant differences in potency between 3TC and FTC in assays with HIV-1(IIIB)-infected PBMCs or HIV-1(Ba-L) -infected monocyte-derived macrophages, which are primary cell types for HIV-1 infection in vivo. In agreement with earlier reports, FTC was approximately fourfold more active than 3TC in assays in the transformed T-cell line MT-4 infected with HIV-(1IIIB), whereas ZDV was more active than FTC. 3TC, FTC, and ZDV were equally active against a panel of eight primary HIV-1 isolates from antiretroviral-naive subjects in PBMCs. These results demonstrate the in vitro similarity of 3TC and FTC activity in primary cells. The variability in potency depending on cell types and viral strains underscores our observation that antiviral effects in vitro are not reliable predictors of in vivo clinical activity.
Injury‐induced release of basic fibroblast growth factor from bovine aortic endothelium (1989)

Although the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene lacks a traditional consensus signal peptide domain indicative for secretion, many cell types have receptors for bFGF. Since endothelium is a rich source of cell-associated bFGF, we asked under what conditions could bFGF be released or secreted from confluent cultures of bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells. The level of bFGF in BAE cell lysates was compared with the level of heparin-releasable bFGF in intact BAE cell monolayers, intact cells with exposed extracellular matrix (nonlytic matrices), and extracellular matrices prepared by cell lysis (lytic matrices). Less than 10% of total cell-associated bFGF was released from intact cell monolayers and nonlytic matrices. In contrast, the levels of bFGF released from lytic matrices depended upon the conditions used to prepare the matrices. Cell lysis at neutral pH generated matrices that released the highest bFGF levels (approximately 50% of total cell-associated bFGF). These matrices were heavily contaminated by histones, indicating the cellular release and adsorption of intracellular proteins to the matrix. Matrices prepared by BAE cell exposure to basic pH (100 mM NH4OH) contained low bFGF content and minor histone contamination. These latter matrices were chosen to study bFGF sequestration, under physiological conditions, into the extracellular matrix of confluent BAE cell cultures. Incubation with endotoxin, an agent acutely toxic to BAE cells, resulted in cellular release and adsorption of endogenous bFGF to cells and matrices, accompanied by histone deposition in the matrices. These results suggested that one mechanism for bFGF release from BAE cell monolayers was passive release induced by severe cell injury and/or cell lysis with secondary adsorption to the matrix.
Practical Synthesis of Enantiopure Cyclic 1,2-Amino Alcohols via Catalytic Asymmetric Ring Opening of Meso Epoxides (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPractical Synthesis of Enantiopure Cyclic 1,2-Amino Alcohols via Catalytic Asymmetric Ring Opening of Meso EpoxidesScott E. Schaus, Jay F. Larrow, and Eric N. JacobsenView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 12, 4197–4199Publication Date (Web):June 13, 1997Publication History Received27 January 1997Published online13 June 1997Published inissue 13 June 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo970146phttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo970146pbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3307Altmetric-Citations123LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Azides,Catalysts,Catalytic reactions,Ethers Get e-Alerts
Regulation of viral expression of human immunodeficiency virus in vitro by an antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide against rev (art/trs) in chronically infected cells. (1989)

In this report, we demonstrate the sequence-specific suppression of viral expression in T cells chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), using antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. As a target for antisense intervention, we used the HIV-1 gene rev, which is essential for viral replication and regulates the expression of virion proteins, in part, by affecting the splicing of the viral mRNA. A phosphorothioate oligomer complementary to the initiation sequence of HIV-1 rev had a significant and selective inhibitory effect on the production of several viral proteins in chronically HIV-1-infected T cells and drastically reduced the unspliced (genomic) viral mRNA transcripts, with relative sparing of smaller (spliced) transcripts. By contrast, the antisense sequence with unmodified normal phosphodiester linkages as well as phosphorothioate oligomers containing sense, random, homopolymeric sequences, or antisense sequence with N3-methylthymidine residues did not have an inhibitory effect on viral expression. Thus, sequence specificity and nuclease resistance were critical for the anti-viral-gene regulatory effect of the antisense molecules. The altered HIV-1 mRNA profile induced by the antisense phosphorothioate oligomer suggests that the mechanism for the inhibition of viral expression is due to an interference with the regulatory gene, rev, by translation arrest.
Instantaneous quadrature low-coherence interferometry with 3×3 fiber-optic couplers (2003)

We describe fiber-based quadrature low-coherence interferometers that exploit the inherent phase shifts of 3 x 3 and higher-order fiber-optic couplers. We present a framework based on conservation of energy to account for the interferometric shifts in 3 x 3 interferometers, and we demonstrate that the resulting interferometers provide the entire complex interferometric signal instantaneously in homodyne and heterodyne systems. In heterodyne detection we demonstrate the capability for extraction of the magnitude and sign of Doppler shifts from the complex data. In homodyne detection we show the detection of subwavelength sample motion. N x N (N > 2) low-coherence interferometer topologies will be useful in Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence microscopy, Fourier-domain OCT, optical frequency domain reflectometry, and phase-referenced interferometry.
GaAs MQW modulators integrated with silicon CMOS (1995)

We demonstrate integration of GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum well modulators to silicon CMOS circuitry via flip-chip solder-bonding followed by substrate removal. We obtain 95% device yield for 32/spl times/32 arrays of devices with 15 micron solder pads. We show operation of a simple circuit composed of a modulator and a CMOS transistor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>