gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a Reverse Genetics System for Studying Human Bocavirus in Human Airway Epithelia (2012)

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) has been identified as one of the etiological agents of wheezing in young children with acute respiratory-tract infections. In this study, we have obtained the sequence of a full-length HBoV1 genome (including both termini) using viral DNA extracted from a nasopharyngeal aspirate of an infected patient, cloned the full-length HBoV1 genome, and demonstrated DNA replication, encapsidation of the ssDNA genome, and release of the HBoV1 virions from human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The HBoV1 virions generated from this cell line-based production system exhibits a typical icosahedral structure of approximately 26 nm in diameter, and is capable of productively infecting polarized primary human airway epithelia (HAE) from the apical surface. Infected HAE showed hallmarks of lung airway-tract injury, including disruption of the tight junction barrier, loss of cilia and epithelial cell hypertrophy. Notably, polarized HAE cultured from an immortalized airway epithelial cell line, CuFi-8 (originally derived from a cystic fibrosis patient), also supported productive infection of HBoV1. Thus, we have established a reverse genetics system and generated the first cell line-based culture system for the study of HBoV1 infection, which will significantly advance the study of HBoV1 replication and pathogenesis.
Hydrophobic tendency of polar group hydration as a major force in type I antifreeze protein recognition (2005)

The random network model of water quantitatively describes the different hydration heat capacities of polar and apolar solutes in terms of distortions of the water-water hydrogen bonding angle in the first hydration shell (Gallagher and Sharp, JACS 2003;125:9853). The distribution of this angle in pure water is bimodal, with a low-angle population and high-angle population. Polar solutes increase the high-angle population while apolar solutes increase the low-angle population. The ratio of the two populations quantifies the hydrophobicity of the solute and provides a sensitive measure of water structural distortions. This method of analysis is applied to study hydration of type I thermal hysteresis protein (THP) from winter flounder and three quadruple mutants of four threonine residues at positions 2, 13, 24, and 35. Wild-type and two mutants (VVVV and AAAA) have antifreeze (thermal hysteresis) activity, while the other mutant (SSSS) has no activity. The analysis reveals significant differences in the hydration structure of the ice-binding site. For the SSSS mutant, polar groups have a typical polar-like hydration, that is, more high-angle H-bonds than bulk water. For the wild-type and active mutants, polar groups have unusual, very apolar-like hydration, that is, more low-angle H-bonds than bulk water. This pattern of hydration was seen previously in the structurally distinct type III THPs (Yang & Sharp Biophys Chem 2004;109:137), suggesting for the first time a general mechanism for different THP classes. The specific shape, residue size, and clustering of both polar and apoler groups are essential for an active ice binding surface.
Comprehensive compilation of empirical ultrasonic properties of mammalian tissues (1978)

A detailed review of the literature on ultrasonic propagation properties of mammalian tissues and organs has revealed 144 papers containing compilable data. Over 1300 lines of parametric data are listed, including the tissue, species, age, specimen preparation, anatomical structure, pathology, temperature, measurement method, frequency, velocity, attenuation, acoustic impedance, and density.
Effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on neuronal apoptosis during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats (2016)

Objective
To investigate the effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on neuronal apoptosis during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.


Methods
One hundred eight male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 250-270 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 36 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), I/R group and H2S group.Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in anesthetized rats.A nylon thread with a rounded tip was inserted into the left internal carotid artery and advanced intracranially to block blood flow into the middle cerebral artery.Middle cerebral artery occlusion was maintained for 90 min followed by reperfusion.In group H2S, 0.25% NaSH (a donor of exogenous H2S) 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at the onset of reperfusion.The equal volume of normal saline was given in C and I/R groups.At 1, 3 and 7 days of reperfusion, neurological deficit was scored, and corner test was performed.Brains were removed for determination of myocardial infarct size, Bax-, Bcl-2- and caspase-3-positive cells, and cell apoptosis.The percentage of myocardial infarct size, rate of Bax-, Bcl-2-and caspase-3-positive cells and apoptosis rate were calculated.


Results
Compared with group C, the neurological deficit score was significantly decreased, and the corner score, percentage of myocardial infarct size, rate of Bax-, Bcl-2- and caspase-3-positive cells and apoptosis rate were increased at each time point of reperfusion in I/R and H2S groups (P<0.05). Compared with group I/R, the neurological deficit score and Bcl-2-positive cells were significantly increased, and the corner score, percentage of myocardial infarct size, rate of Bax- and caspase-3-positive cells and apoptosis rate were decreased at each time point of reperfusion in group H2S (P<0.05).


Conclusion
The mechanism by which exogenous H2S attenuates focal cerebral I/R is related to inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in rats.


Key words: 
Hydrogen sulfide; Reperfusion injury; Brain; Apoptosis
Doxazosin Prevents Proteinuria and Glomerular Loss of Heparan Sulfate in Diabetic Rats (1996)

We examined whether blood pressure reduction or good glycemic control equally lower albuminuria by preventing glomerular loss of heparan sulfate and progression of glomerulosclerosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. We used doxazosin, and alpha 1-adrenergic blocker, to lower systemic blood pressure, and good glycemic control was achieved by insulin treatment. Rats were killed after 20 weeks of treatment. Doxazosin significantly lowered systolic pressure in diabetic rats; however, it had no effect in normal rats. Good glycemic control also lowered systolic pressure. In diabetic rats with good glycemic control, doxazosin had an additive effect on blood pressure. Glomerular heparan sulfate synthesis was significantly lower and urinary albumin excretion higher in diabetic than in normal rats. Both doxazosin treatment and good glycemic control normalized these abnormalities in diabetic rats. Insulin normalized plasma glucose and glycosylated HbA1 concentrations in diabetic rats, as did doxazosin. Significant increases in mesangial area and glomeruloscelerosis were observed in diabetic rats. Only good glycemic control normalized these pathological changes in all diabetic rats. Two-way factorial ANOVA showed an interaction between the effects of doxazosin and insulin on systolic pressure and plasma glucose. The data show that after 20 weeks of doxazosin treatment, albuminuria was reduced by 80%; however, this treatment had no significant effect on mesangial expansion or progression to glomerulosclerosis. Conversely, good glycemic control prevented all three of the preceding sequelae.
In Vivo PET Imaging of the Cancer Integrin αvβ6 Using 68Ga-Labeled Cyclic RGD Nonapeptides (2016)

Expression of the cellular transmembrane receptor αvβ6 integrin is essentially restricted to malignant epithelial cells in carcinomas of a broad variety of lineages, whereas it is virtually absent in normal adult tissues. Thus, it is a highly attractive target for tumor imaging and therapy. Furthermore, αvβ6 integrin plays an important role for the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction and the development of fibrosis. <b>Methods:</b> On the basis of the <sup>68</sup>Ga chelators TRAP (triazacyclononane-triphosphinate) and NODAGA, we synthesized mono-, di-, and trimeric conjugates of the αvβ6 integrin-selective peptide cyclo(FRGDLAFp(<i>N</i>Me)K) via click chemistry. These were labeled with <sup>68</sup>Ga and screened regarding their suitability for in vivo imaging of αvβ6 integrin expression by PET and ex vivo biodistribution in severe combined immunodeficiency mice bearing H2009 tumor (human lung adenocarcinoma) xenografts. For these, αvβ6 integrin expression in tumor and other tissues was determined by β6 immunohistochemistry. <b>Results:</b> Despite the multimers showing higher αvβ6 integrin affinities (23-120 pM) than the monomers (260 pM), the best results-that is, low background uptake and excellent tumor delineation-were obtained with the TRAP-based monomer <sup>68</sup>Ga-avebehexin. This compound showed the most favorable pharmacokinetics because of its high polarity (log <i>D</i> = -3.7) and presence of additional negative charges (carboxylates) on the chelator, promoting renal clearance. Although tumor uptake was low (0.65% ± 0.04% injected dose per gram tissue [%ID/g]), it was still higher than in all other organs except the kidneys, ranging from a maximum for the stomach (0.52 ± 0.04 %ID/g) to almost negligible for the pancreas (0.07 ± 0.01 %ID/g). A low but significant target expression in tumor, lung, and stomach was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. <b>Conclusion:</b> Because of highly sensitive PET imaging even of tissues with low αvβ6 integrin expression density, we anticipate clinical applicability of <sup>68</sup>Ga-avebehexin for imaging of αvβ6 tumors and fibrosis by PET.
Chloro Derivatives of Benzyl Phenols. II. Some Monochloro, Dichloro and Trichloro Derivatives of Ortho and Para Benzyl Phenols (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChloro Derivatives of Benzyl Phenols. II. Some Monochloro, Dichloro and Trichloro Derivatives of Ortho and Para Benzyl PhenolsR. C. Huston, R. L. Guile, P. S. Chen, W. N. Headley, G. W. Warren, L. S. Baur, and B. O. MateCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 11, 4639–4643Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01338a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01338a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MADD, a Novel Death Domain Protein That Interacts with the Type 1 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor and Activates Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (1997)

The death domain of the type 1 tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR1) mediates interactions with several proteins involved in signaling the downstream effects of TNF. We have used the yeast interaction trap to isolate a protein, MADD, that associates with the death domain of TNFR1 through its own C-terminal death domain. MADD interacts with TNFR1 residues that are critical for signal generation and coimmunoprecipitates with TNFR1, implicating MADD as a component of the TNFR1 signaling complex. Importantly, we have found that overexpression of MADD activates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and expression of the MADD death domain stimulates both the ERK and c-JUN N-terminal kinase MAP kinases and induces the phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2. These data indicate that MADD links TNFR1 with MAP kinase activation and arachidonic acid release and provide further insight into the mechanisms by which TNF exerts its pleiotropic effects.
Quantitation of Hepatic Glycogenolysis And Gluconeogenesis in Fasting Humans With 13 C NMR (1991)

The rate of net hepatic glycogenolysis was assessed in humans by serially measuring hepatic glycogen concentration at 3- to 12-hour intervals during a 68-hour fast with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The net rate of gluconeogenesis was calculated by subtracting the rate of net hepatic glycogenolysis from the rate of glucose production in the whole body measured with tritiated glucose. Gluconeogenesis accounted for 64 +/- 5% (mean +/- standard error of the mean) of total glucose production during the first 22 hours of fasting. In the subsequent 14-hour and 18-hour periods of the fast, gluconeogenesis accounted for 82 +/- 5% and 96 +/- 1% of total glucose production, respectively. These data show that gluconeogenesis accounts for a substantial fraction of total glucose production even during the first 22 hours of a fast in humans.
Wireless communication: a power efficiency perspective (2003)

Summary form only given. The limited battery resource at a mobile terminal coupled with the hostile multipath fading channel makes the problem of providing reliable high data rate services challenging. In this paper we develop a new framework for the design of power efficient transmission mechanisms that support multimedia traffic having different delay constraints. First, we present optimal design techniques that substantially reduce the transmission power for small increases in average communication delays for a single user scenario thereby providing another avenue for mobile devices to save on battery power. We also construct a variable rate modulation scheme to show the benefits of the proposed formulation in a practical system. Power optimal schedulers with absolute packet delay constraints are also studied. Next, we design power efficient schedulers that satisfy average delay bounds for multiple users in a broadcast channel. Optimal schedulers that jointly allocate rate and power to the different users based on the different buffer and channel conditions are presented in a code-division multiple access (CDMA) system. We show that joint scheduling gains over non-cooperative single user schedulers are largest when the users belong to different delay classes. The power minimizing schedulers are derived using well known results from dynamic programming. We also introduce a class of suboptimal schedulers.
Age-Invariant Face Recognition (2010)

One of the challenges in automatic face recognition is to achieve temporal invariance. In other words, the goal is to come up with a representation and matching scheme that is robust to changes due to facial aging. Facial aging is a complex process that affects both the 3D shape of the face and its texture (e.g., wrinkles). These shape and texture changes degrade the performance of automatic face recognition systems. However, facial aging has not received substantial attention compared to other facial variations due to pose, lighting, and expression. We propose a 3D aging modeling technique and show how it can be used to compensate for the age variations to improve the face recognition performance. The aging modeling technique adapts view-invariant 3D face models to the given 2D face aging database. The proposed approach is evaluated on three different databases (i.g., FG-NET, MORPH, and BROWNS) using FaceVACS, a state-of-the-art commercial face recognition engine.
Improved Training of Wasserstein GANs (2017)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are powerful generative models, but suffer from training instability. The recently proposed Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) makes progress toward stable training of GANs, but sometimes can still generate only low-quality samples or fail to converge. We find that these problems are often due to the use of weight clipping in WGAN to enforce a Lipschitz constraint on the critic, which can lead to undesired behavior. We propose an alternative to clipping weights: penalize the norm of gradient of the critic with respect to its input. Our proposed method performs better than standard WGAN and enables stable training of a wide variety of GAN architectures with almost no hyperparameter tuning, including 101-layer ResNets and language models over discrete data. We also achieve high quality generations on CIFAR-10 and LSUN bedrooms.
A Novel Mutation in Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Gene as a Cause of Tumoral Calcinosis (2005)

The production and serum level of C-terminal fragment of FGF23 are increased in this patient with tumoral calcinosis. Together with the recent similar report of FGF23 mutation, impaired action of full-length FGF23 seems to result in tumoral calcinosis.
Adhesion-dependent multicellular drug resistance. (1999)

Herein we review studies demonstrating resistance manifested at the multicellular level, a phenomenon referred to as intrinsic or acquired multicellular resistance (MR). In addition, due to the fact that such resistance can be recapitulated in vitro only when cells are adhered to one another in a three-dimensional culture context, we examine the roles of cell adhesion molecules and how they may contribute directly or indirectly to MR. Finally, we suggest an experimental approach to circumvent MR in the treatment of advanced, aggressive ascites tumors.
Highly selective etch stop by stress compensation for thin-film BESOI (2002)

A limiting issue in the application of the BESOI (bond and etchback silicon-on-insulator) technique to whole wafers is the final film thickness nonuniformity, which typically totals approximately 40 nm using the etchback techniques presented to date. Such variation makes BESOI impractical for thin-film SOI (e.g. <or=300 nm) and applications to fully depleted MOS. The etchback process is a major contributor to the final film thickness nonuniformity. The authors demonstrate a highly selective etch stop of 2*10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/ boron concentration, stress compensated by introducing GE (a high atomic number species). The Si/sub 1-x-y/ Ge/sub x/B/sub gamma / etch stop is selective through the reduction of the passivation potential in KOH to a point where negligible etching occurs. The stress compensation gives the wafer surface an exact Si lattice constant. Epitaxial layers are grown over this etch stop without misfit dislocations.<<ETX>>
Reduced Transition Metal Colloids: A Novel Family of Reusable Catalysts? (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Downregulation of eRF1 by RNA interference increases mis-acylated tRNA suppression efficiency in human cells (2004)

The site-specific incorporation of non-natural amino acids into proteins by nonsense suppression has been widely used to investigate protein structure and function. Usually this technique exhibits low incorporation efficiencies of non-natural amino acids into proteins. We describe for the first time an approach for achieving an increased level of nonsense codon suppression with synthetic suppressor tRNAs in cultured human cells. We find that the intracellular concentration of the eukaryotic release factor 1 (eRF1) is a critical parameter influencing the efficiency of amino acid incorporation by nonsense suppression. Using RNA interference we were able to lower eRF1 gene expression significantly. We achieved a five times higher level of amino acid incorporation as compared with non-treated control cells, as demonstrated by enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fluorescence recovery after importing a mutated reporter mRNA together with an artificial amber suppressor tRNA.
HHS updates and guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection. Health and Human Services. (2000)

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has updated guidelines for antiretroviral therapy in adults and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Anti‐C1q Autoantibodies in Lupus Nephritis: Prevalence and Clinical Significance (2005)

Recently, anti-C1q autoantibodies have been proposed as a useful marker in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) since their occurrence correlates with renal involvement and, possibly, with nephritic activity. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anti-C1q antibodies in patients with SLE, with and without renal involvement, and to correlate these markers' presence and levels with the activity of the disease and nephropathy. We studied 61 patients with SLE, 40 of whom had biopsy-proven lupus nephritis; 35 patients with other connective tissue diseases; and 54 healthy controls. In addition, 18 lupus nephritis patients were followed up during the disease time course. Anti-C1q antibodies were measured using "homemade" ELISA with high salt concentration (1 M sodium chloride). High anti-C1q antibody titers (> 55 AU) were present in 27 of 61 (44%) SLE patients and in 4% and 0% of normal blood donors and pathologic controls, respectively. Anti-C1q antibodies were found in 60% of patients with lupus nephritis compared with only 14% of SLE patients without nephropathy (P < 0.05). Moreover, patients who were positive for anti-C1q antibodies had a higher European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM) score (4.35 vs. 2.2); 89% of patients with active lupus nephritis showed high titers of anti-C1q antibodies compared with 0% of patients with inactive nephritis. Anti-C1q and anti-dsDNA antibodies agreed in 79% of cases. Our results confirm that anti-C1q antibodies are present in a significant percentage of SLE patients, and that their presence and levels correlate with disease activity-in particular, during renal flare-ups.
PLRS development testing (1988)

A description is given of the Position Location Reporting System (PLRS), which provides position location, tracking, and reporting for communities of hundreds of cooperating users in a tactical environment. PLRS uses time-of-arrival measurements aided by barometric pressure measurements to establish position tracking of these large communities of user terminals. The system uses the positions of a few user terminals as grid references, so that all positions are available both to the cooperating users and to command centers. All control, measurement reporting, and data exchange are cryptographically secured in a synchronous antijam communications network. Testing with live communities of 50 or more user terminals has been conducted at many sites throughout the US and in West Germany, with consistently good results. In addition, testing has been accomplished with computer-simulated communities of up to 380 user terminals. Recent live testing has successfully demonstrated an automated GPS interface for operation without fixed grid reference units. Results are presented, with an emphasis on position accuracy tests.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Feature selection and feature extraction for text categorization (1992)

The effect of selecting varying numbers and kinds of features for use in predicting category membership was investigated on the Reuters and MUC-3 text categorization data sets. Good categorization performance was achieved using a statistical classifier and a proportional assignment strategy. The optimal feature set size for word-based indexing was found to be surprisingly low (10 to 15 features) despite the large training sets. The extraction of new text features by syntactic analysis and feature clustering was investigated on the Reuters data set. Syntactic indexing phrases, clusters of these phrases, and clusters of words were all found to provide less effective representations than individual words.