gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Summary of an IEEE Guide for Power-Line Carrier Applications (1980)

The document described in this summary provides general guidance covering the use of power-line carrier n North America. The goal of the Guide is to provide application information to users of carrier equipment as applied to power transmission lines. Information related to the expanding usage of carrier on distribution lines is not specifically covered; however, brief descriptions are given of carrier applied over media other than direct coupling to overhead power lines. These include power cables, intrabundle channels, and insulated shield wires.
Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Melanin-concentrating Hormone (MCH)-related Peptide Ligands at SLC-1, the Human MCH Receptor (2001)

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic nonadecapeptide involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, which acts through a G protein-coupled receptor (SLC-1) inhibiting adenylcyclase activity. In this study, 57 analogues of MCH were investigated on the recently cloned human MCH receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells, on both the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production and guanosine-5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thiotriphosphate ([(35)S]- GTPgammaS) binding. The dodecapeptide MCH-(6-17) (MCH ring between Cys(7) and Cys(16), with a single extra amino acid at the N terminus (Arg(6)) and at the C terminus (Trp(17))) was found to be the minimal sequence required for a full and potent agonistic response on cAMP formation and [(35)S]- GTPgammaS binding. We Ala-scanned this dodecapeptide and found that only 3 of 8 amino acids of the ring, namely Met(8), Arg(11), and Tyr(13), were essential to elicit full and potent responses in both tests. Deletions inside the ring led either to inactivity or to poor antagonists with potencies in the micromolar range. Cys(7) and Cys(16) were substituted by Asp and Lys or one of their analogues, in an attempt to replace the disulfide bridge by an amide bond. However, those modifications were deleterious for agonistic activity. In [(35)S]- GTPgammaS binding, these compounds behaved as weak antagonists (K(B) 1-4 microm). Finally, substitution in MCH-(6-17) of 6 out of 12 amino acids by non-natural residues and concomitant replacement of the disulfide bond by an amide bond led to three compounds with potent antagonistic properties (K(B) = 0.1-0.2 microm). Exploitation of these structure-activity relationships should open the way to the design of short and stable MCH peptide antagonists.
Off-State Breakdown of GaAs PHEMTs: Review and New Data (2004)

This paper reviews the literature dealing with off-state gate-drain breakdown in MESFET and HEMT structures, with particular emphasis on GaAs PHEMTs, in terms of: 1) the physics of the breakdown phenomenon; 2) the breakdown walkout effect; 3) the impact of design and process choices on the breakdown behavior; and 4) the experimental techniques used for breakdown characterization. A thorough temperature-dependent breakdown characterization of commercial PHEMTs is also shown and discussed. It is found that different physical mechanisms may dominate the gate-drain leakage depending on the reverse bias and temperature range considered, and the particular PHEMT technology. The main results shown here tell us the following. 1) The breakdown voltages are decreasing functions of temperature between room temperature and 160/spl deg/C. 2) Between room temperature and 90-100/spl deg/C, thermionic-field emission seems be dominant, with low activation energies below 0.15 eV; as a consequence, the temperature dependence of the breakdown voltage is weak. 3) Between 110/spl deg/C and 160/spl deg/C, higher activation energy mechanisms (possibly trap-assisted tunneling and thermionic emission over a field-dependent barrier) tend to dominate, and the temperature dependence of the breakdown voltages is stronger.
Transplantation and Cytokines (1999)

Transplantation of foreign tissue initiates complex inflammatory responses that are mediated by cytokines and that, in the absence of immunosuppression, usually result in acute graft rejection and graft destruction. Thus, the study of cytokines in transplantation research has been pursued with great interest. Cytokine biology has evolved from an era that focused on the identification and cataloguing of newly discovered cytokines to one that addresses (1) the complexity of cytokine interactions with other cytokines, with other biologic mediators, and with the extracellular matrix; and (2) the diversity of cytokine effects upon both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cell types. This article reviews the basic principles of transplant immunology and discusses experimental data regarding the role of prototypic cytokines in allograft rejection, in general, and liver allograft rejection, in particular.
Identification of Four Genes Necessary for Biosynthesis of the Modified Nucleoside Queuosine (2004)

Queuosine (Q) is a hypermodified 7-deazaguanosine nucleoside located in the anticodon wobble position of four amino acid-specific tRNAs. In bacteria, Q is produced de novo from GTP via the 7-deazaguanosine precursor preQ1 (7-aminoethyl 7-deazaguanine) by an uncharacterized pathway. PreQ1 is subsequently transferred to its specific tRNA by a tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (TGT) and then further modified in situ to produce Q. Here we use comparative genomics to implicate four gene families (best exemplified by the B. subtilis operon ykvJKLM) as candidates in the preQ1 biosynthetic pathway. Deletions were constructed in genes for each of the four orthologs in Acinetobacter. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis showed the Q nucleoside was absent from the tRNAs of each of four deletion strains. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry confirmed the absence of Q in each mutant strain. Finally, introduction of the Bacillus subtilis ykvJKLM operon in trans complemented the Q deficiency of the two deletion mutants that were tested. Thus, the products of these four genes (named queC, -D, -E, and -F) are essential for the Q biosynthetic pathway.
Non-amine based analogs of lavendustin A as protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (1993)

The fermentation product lavendustin A (1) is a protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor whose active pharmacophore has previously been shown to reside in the more simplified salicyl-containing benzylamine 2. Amine 2 bears some structural resemblance to two other natural product PTK inhibitors, erbstatin (3) and piceatannol (4). Non-amine containing analogues of 2 were therefore synthesized which incorporated additional aspects of either erbstatin or piceatannol. Examination of these inhibitors in immunoprecipitated p56lck, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and c-erb B-2/HER 2/neu PTK preparations showed that compound 12 (IC50 = 60 nM) was one of the most potent p56lck inhibitors reported to date. These results demonstrate that nitrogen is not an essential component of the lavendustin A pharmacophore 2 and that 1,2-diarylethanes and -ethenes bearing a salicyl moiety appear to be valuable structural motifs for the construction of extremely potent PTK inhibitors.
Stability of Candida albicans allergens during storage (1992)

Stability of Candida albicans allergens was studied under various storage conditions. Lyophilized extract was reconstituted with human serum albumin (NSA) diluent, glycerol-free and in the presence of 10% or 50% glycerol and stored at various temperatures for different time periods. All extracts were tested at the same time with immunoblotting using C. albicans allergic patient sera and galactosidase-labelled anti-IgE. The highest number of detected allergens in the immunoblotting pattern was found in the presence of 50% glycerol at +6 degrees C. The most important allergen of C. albicans, the 46 kD protein allergen was stable up to 10 weeks at +6 degrees C in the presence of 50% glycerol but thereafter began to lose its IgE-binding capacity. After 30 weeks more than 50% of the IgE binding had disappeared. The 27 kD protein, another important allergen, was also labile but retained the allergenicity better than the 46 kD one. The 29 kD protein allergen was stable at all storage conditions, except +37 degrees C tested even after one year. More than 6 months storage at +6 degrees C or higher temperature is, however, unacceptable even in the presence of the 50% glycerol. These findings have particular importance in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.
The Long-Term Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Serum Levels of Lipoprotein (a) and Lipids in Patients with Vascular Disease (1996)

The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on serum lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and other lipid levels in patients with vascular disease were examined. The serum levels of Lp(a), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were measured in 24 patients with vascular disease. An elevated serum Lp(a) level (39 +/- 22 mg/dl) was noted in 9 patients, elevated total cholesterol level (263 +/- 31 mg/dl) in 12 patients, elevated triglyceride level (240 +/- 98 mg/dl) in 10 patients and elevated LDL level (651 +/- 88 mg/dl) in 6 patients before administration of EPA. EPA (1,800 mg/day) was given to these patients for long periods ranging from 6 to 24 months. The serum levels of Lp(a), TC, TG and LDL were lowered significantly (p < 0.05) after EPA administration for 12 and 18 months, for 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, for 18 months and for 12 and 18 months, respectively. These findings indicated that long-term administration of EPA may lower Lp(a) and serum lipids, which is beneficial for patients with various arterial diseases in terms of preventing progression of the disease.
Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-specific binding by foot-and-mouth disease viruses to the purified integrin alpha(v)beta3 in vitro (1997)

The integrin alpha(v)beta3 has been shown to act as the receptor for internalization of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) (A12), with attachment being through a highly conserved RGD motif located on the G-H loop of viral capsid protein VP1. In addition, however, we have recently shown that efficient infection of culture-grown cells by FMDV (O1BFS) requires binding to cell surface heparan sulfate. In this study, we have used a solid-phase receptor binding assay to characterize the binding by FMDV to purified alpha(v)beta3 in the absence of heparan sulfate and other cell surface components. In this assay, FMDV (O1BFS) successfully replicated authentic ligand binding by cellular alpha(v)beta3 in terms of its high affinity, dependence on divalent cations, and activation by manganese ions. Virus binding to this preparation of alpha(v)beta3 was exquisitely sensitive to competition by short RGD-containing peptides (50% inhibition at < 10(-8) M peptide), and this inhibition was highly sequence specific, with the equivalent RGE peptide being at least 10(4) fold less effective as a competitor. Representative viruses of the other six serotypes of FMDV bound to alpha(v)beta3 in a similar RGD-specific manner, although significant differences in sensitivity to RGD peptides suggest that the affinity of the different FMDV serotypes for alpha(v)beta3 is influenced, in part, by the variable amino acid residues in the VP1 G-H loop on either side of the RGD.
CHELATING AGENTS FOR URANIUM(VI): 2. EFFICACY AND TOXICITY OF TETRADENTATE CATECHOLATE AND HYDROXYPYRIDINONATE LIGANDS IN MICE (2000)

Uranium(VI) (UO2(2+), uranyl) is nephrotoxic. Depending on isotopic composition and dosage, U(VI) is also chemically toxic and carcinogenic in bone. Several ligands containing two, three, or four bidentate catecholate or hydroxypyridinonate metal binding groups, developed for in vivo chelation of other actinides, were found, on evaluation in mice, to be effective for in vivo chelation of U(VI). The most promising ligands contained two bidentate groups per chelator molecule (tetradentate) attached to linear 4- or 5-carbon backbones (4-LI, butylene; 5-LI, pentylene; 5-LIO, diethyl ether). New ligands were then prepared to optimize ligand affinity for U(VI) in vivo and low acute toxicity. Five bidentate binding groups--sulfocatechol [CAM(S)], carboxycatechol [CAM(C)], methylterephthalamide (MeTAM), 1,2-hydroxypyridinone (1,2-HOPO), or 3,2-hydroxypyridinone (Me-3,2-HOPO)--were each attached to two linear backbones (4-LI and 5-LI or 5-LIO). Those ten tetradentate ligands and octadentate 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO), an effective actinide chelator, were evaluated in mice for in vivo chelation of 233U(VI) (injection at 3 min, 1 h, or 24 h or oral administration at 3 min after intravenous injection of 233UO2Cl2) and for acute toxicity (100 micromol kg(-1) injected daily for 10 d). The combined efficacy and toxicity screening identified 5-LIO(Me-3,2-HOPO) and 5-LICAM(S) as the most effective low-toxicity agents. They chelate circulating U(VI) efficiently at ligand:uranium molar ratios > or = 20, remove useful amounts of newly deposited U(VI) from kidney and bone at molar ratios > or = 100, and reduce kidney U(VI) levels significantly when given orally at molar ratios > or = 100. 5-LIO(Me-3,2-HOPO) has greater affinity for kidney U(VI) while 5-LICAM(S) has greater affinity for bone U(VI), and a 1:1 mixture (total molar ratio = 91) reduced kidney and bone U(VI) to 15 and 58% of control, respectively--more than an equimolar amount of either ligand alone.
(Pyridoxalated Hemoglobin)-(Polyoxyethylene) Conjugate Solution as Blood Substitute for Normothermic Whole Body Rinse-Out (1988)

In order to investigate a new possibility for artificial blood with oxygen-carrying capability to be applied to other than mere supplementation, normothermic whole body rinse-out in which artificial blood deriving from perfluorochemical emulsion, Fluosol-DA 20% (Green Cross Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) or stabilized hemoglobin solution, (pyridoxalated hemoglobin)-(polyoxyethylene) conjugate solution (Ajinomoto Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) were used as rinsing fluid for a blood purification experiment.Replacement either with approximately 150 ml/kg of Fluosol-DA or stabilized hemoglobin solution showed effective removal of digoxin at a reduction rate of 96.3% or 92.2%, respectively. However, when Fluosol-DA was used, a certain amount of perfluorochemical should be retrieved by centrifugation to avoid a possible toxic effect on the reticulo-endothelial system. Even though 3 out of 6, and 3 out of 8 dogs, respectively, survived for a long period after the procedure, the experimental dogs were very susceptable to infection.
두경부에 발생한 피부종양의 임상적 연구 (2016)

Background: There have been many changes to the social and medical environment in Korea and many studies showed a steady increase of cutaneous tumors. But none of them included a data occurring from head and neck. Objective: To investigate the incidence and distribution of the cutaneous tumors of the head and neck. Methods: A total of 1,415 cases of head and neck cutaneous tumors were obtained from pathology specimen at Department of Dermatology between 2010 and 2014. Results: Among 1,415 cases of head and neck cutaneous tumors, 871 cases (61.5%) were benign tumors, 271 cases (19.2%) were malignant tumors, and 273 cases (19.2%) were premalignant lesions. The most common benign head and neck cutaneous tumors was epidermal cyst with 188 cases (21.6%), followed by 173 cases (19.9%) of seborrheic keratosis, 71 cases (8.2%) of intradermal nevi. Among the 271 cases of malignant head and neck cutaneous tumors, there were 164 cases (60.5%) of basal cell carcinoma, 89 cases (32.8%) of squamous cell carcinoma, 5 cases (1.8%) of malignant melanoma. The predilection sites of malignant head and neck tumors were face (87.5%), ear (4.8%) and neck (4.0%). Of the premalignant lesions, there were 210 cases (76.9%) of actinic keratosis, 36 cases (13.2%) of Bowen’s disease and 27 cases (9.9%) of actinic cheilitis. Conclusion: In our study, the proportion of malignant tumors and premalignant lesion in head and neck tumors was higher than previous reports. Also, the percentage of woman in malignant tumors and premalignant lesions was higher than man, unlike previous studies. However, these results had limitation associated with retrospective study in a single institution, and further prospective study with multi-center is required for confirmation. (Korean J Dermatol 2016;54(7):516∼524)
Sentinel Cases of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus onboard a Naval Ship (2003)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is emerging as a community-acquired organism. A number of recent reports have documented its involvement in a variety of infections in which no risk factors for nosocomial transmission are present. This report presents the initial cases of a MRSA outbreak on a U.S. Navy ship. Each patient failed traditional antibiotic therapy and one required hospitalization. Their presentations evolved simultaneously and proved to be sentinel cases of an outbreak of cutaneous MRSA infections. The events of this outbreak emphasize the growing need to consider the prevalence of resistant organisms in outpatient settings, as well as the impact that infections from resistant organisms might have on the combat readiness of a military unit. Recommendations addressing infection-control guidelines for MRSA within close-quarter environments of healthy adults, such as military units, need to be developed and existing infection-control measures need to be regularly emphasized.
Challenges for antisense oligonucleotide-based therapeutics, in particular for exon 51-skipping in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2011)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal muscle disorder characterized by mutations in the DMD gene. These mutations primarily disrupt the reading frame, leading to an absence of functional dystrophin protein. Exon-skipping through the use of antisense oligonucleotides has served as a promising therapeutic approach for DMD, and clinical trials in DMD patients are currently underway. Recently, stable and less-toxic antisense oligonucleotides have been developed with a higher efficacy in mouse and dog models of DMD. Despite these advancements, this therapeutic approach is limited by relatively poor systemic delivery of antisense oligonucleotides to muscle, as well as toxicity effects. This review highlights the challenges for antisense oligonucleotide-based therapeutics for DMD, in particular with methods using exon 51-skipping.
The use of a novel MUC1 antibody to identify cancer stem cells and circulating MUC1 in mice and patients with pancreatic cancer (2013)

The TAB 004 antibody may be explored as a therapeutic targeting agent for CSCs in PC. The TAB 004 EIA detected circulating MUC1 in a stage-dependent manner in patients with PC and thus may be explored as a PC stage diagnostic biomarker.
Platelet near‐wall excess in porcine whole blood in artery‐sized tubes under steady and pulsatile flow conditions (2004)

Platelet margination (enhanced platelet concentration in the near wall region of a blood vessel) has been well documented in small vessels. In artery-sized vessels margination has only been demonstrated in one study, using ghost cell suspensions and under relatively non-physiologic conditions of steady flow and 50 cm development length. Local sampling experiments were performed to confirm platelet margination in artery-sized stainless steel tubes, for a typical anatomical length and under pulsatile flow, using fresh EDTA-anticoagulated porcine whole blood (N=21). Experiments were designed using three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to model the sample region with greater fidelity. Steady flow experiments in 50 cm long tubes verify published laser Doppler measurements of platelet margination in 3 mm ID tubes at normal arterial shear rate (500 s(-1). Margination persists under pulsatile flow conditions (63.8 pulses/min), but in steady flow at length of 10 cm, margination is reduced. Platelet margination ratio (the ratio of the platelet concentration near the wall to bulk average platelet count) ranges from 1.21 to 2.48. No significant effects of calculated sampling thickness (20 microm and 50 microm) or pulsatility were detected. Hematocrit margination ratio is 0.68 to 0.90. Two model platelet concentration profiles are fit to the experimental results.
In-situ transmission electron microscopy studies of the interaction between dislocations in strained SiGe/Si(001) heterostructures (2000)

Abstract The rate of misfit strain relaxation in semiconductor heterostructures is controlled by the kinetics of misfit dislocation nucleation, propagation and interaction. Although there have been a number of detailed theoretical studies of the dislocation–dislocation interaction process in these systems, there exist limited experimental data regarding the regime of epilayer thickness and composition where these interactions affect strain relaxation. Because of its high spatial and temporal resolution, in-situ transmission electron microscopy is an ideal experimental tool with which to observe dislocation interactions. In this work, the unique capabilities of an ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscope have been exploited to permit direct, real-time observation of dislocation interactions. This microscope is equipped with in-situ chemical vapour deposition capabilities which allow imaging of dislocation motion during both growth and annealing of SiGe/Si (001) heterostructures. This has permitted efficient determination of the regime of epilayer thickness and composition where dislocation interactions stop the forward motion of the threading dislocation segment. At the lowest thicknesses and compositions, all dislocation interactions cause the threading segment to become blocked. Above a certain level of thickness and composition dislocation motion is halted only when the two dislocations have parallel Burgers vectors. This is due to a particular reaction between the dislocations which occurs at their intersection. Quantitative analysis of the dynamic motion of threading dislocations while in the presence of the stress field of the interfacial segment allows extraction of the magnitude of the long range interaction stresses. It is seen that the magnitude of the interaction stresses increases as the net excess stress in the epilayer increases, and that the interaction stresses are much greater when the Burgers vectors are parallel. Finally, additional experiments have indicated that dislocations that become blocked during annealing form relatively stable configurations. Following the blocking event a force greater than that associated with the long range interaction between dislocations is required to release the dislocations from their blocked configuration. This is in contrast to theoretical models, which predict that the long range interaction force alone controls the release of dislocations. These experiments represent the first systematic study of dislocation interactions in strained heterostructures and permit improved predictive models of the kinetics of strain relaxation in these systems.