gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the extent of insertion of the active site loop of intact .alpha.1 proteinase inhibitor in .beta.-sheet A (1992)

The extent of insertion of beta-strand s4A into sheet A in intact serpin alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI has been probed by peptide annealing experiments [Schulze et al. (1990) Eur. J. Biochem. 194, 51-56]. Twelve synthetic peptides of systematically varied length corresponding in sequence to the unprimed (N-terminal) side of the active site loop were complexed with alpha 1PI. The complexes were then characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy and tested for inhibitory activity. Four peptides formed complexes which retained inhibitory activity, one of which was nearly as effective as the native protein. Comparison with the three dimensional structures of cleaved alpha 1PI [Löbermann et al. (1984) J. Mol. Biol. 177, 531-556] and plakalbumin [Wright et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 213, 513-528] supports a model in which alpha 1PI requires the insertion of a single residue, Thr345, into sheet A for activity.
High-vacuum drainage and primary perineal wound closure in abdominoperineal excision of the rectum. (1991)

The result of perineal wound healing after rectal excision with primary perineal closure by high-vacuum drainage was studied prospectively. High vacuum drainage was performed via a wide-bore catheter (Ch. 27) placed through a stabwound on the thigh. The method was applied in 114 of 127 patients who had abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (89.7 per cent). Contra-indications were inadequate haemostasis and pre-existing massive perineal sepsis. Primary perineal wound closure was present in 85.9 per cent of patients, delayed healing in 12.3 per cent and a perineal sinus developed in two patients (1.8 per cent).
Genotypic Stability of Cold-Adapted Influenza Virus Vaccine in an Efficacy Clinical Trial (2000)

An investigational live influenza virus vaccine, FluMist, contains three cold-adapted H1N1, H3N2, and B influenza viruses. The vaccine viruses are 6/2 reassortants, in which the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes are derived from the circulating wild-type viruses and the remaining six genes are derived from the cold-adapted master donor strains. The six genes from the cold-adapted master donor strains ensure the attenuation, and the HA and NA genes from the wild-type viruses confer the ability to induce protective immunity against contemporary influenza strains. The genotypic stability of this vaccine was studied by employing clinical samples collected during an efficacy trial. Viruses present in the nasal and throat swab specimens and in supernatants after culturing the specimens were detected and subtyped by multiplex reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. Complete genotypes of these detected viruses were determined by a combination of RT-PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism, multiplex RT-PCR and fluorescent single-strand conformation polymorphism, and nucleic acid sequencing analysis. The FluMist vaccine appeared to be genotypically stable after replication in the human host. All viruses detected during the 2-week postvaccination period were shed vaccine viruses and had maintained the 6/2 genotype.
Risk of Tuberculosis Infection and Tuberculous Meningitis after Discontinuation of Bacillus Calmette–Guerin in Beijing (2000)

In Beijing, the notification rate of smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) has been below 20 per 100,000 since 1986, and continues to decline. To accurately measure the risk of TB infection in a population in which the results of tuberculin skin testing were not confounded by vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), BCG vaccination at birth was discontinued from 1988 in Shun-yi County. In 1995, the prevalence of TB infection among 12,836 primary school children aged 6 to 7 yr and without BCG scars was 1.4%, giving an estimated annual risk of infection of 0.19% (95% confidence interval: 0.16 to 0.22%). The prevalence of TB infection in children aged 5 to 9 yr in Beijing in 1950 was 46%. The number of cases of tuberculous meningitis did not increase after discontinuation of BCG. We conclude that discontinuation of BCG had no detectable harmful effects, and that control of TB in Beijing has markedly reduced the prevalence of TB infection since 1950.
Antiprogestins in breast cancer treatment: are we ready? (2012)

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide. It is accepted that breast cancer is not a single disease, but instead constitutes a spectrum of tumor subtypes with distinct cellular origins, somatic changes, and etiologies. Molecular gene expression studies have divided breast cancer into several categories, i.e. basal-like, ErbB2 enriched, normal breast-like (adipose tissue gene signature), luminal subtype A, luminal subtype B, and claudin-low. Chances are that as our knowledge increases, each of these types will also be subclassified. More than 66% of breast carcinomas express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and respond to antiestrogen therapies. Most of these ER+ tumors also express progesterone receptors (PRs), the expression of which has been considered as a reliable marker of a functional ER. In this paper we will review the evidence suggesting that PRs are valid targets for breast cancer therapy. Experimental data suggest that both PR isoforms (A and B) have different roles in breast cancer cell growth, and antiprogestins have already been clinically used in patients who have failed to other therapies. We hypothesize that antiprogestin therapy may be suitable for patients with high levels of PR-A. This paper will go over the experimental evidence of our laboratory and others supporting the use of antiprogestins in selected breast cancer patients.
Composition and presumed biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids in the astaxanthin-producing bacterium Agrobacterium aurantiacum (1995)

The carotenoid composition of the astaxanthin-producing bacterium Agrobacterium aurantiacum was analysed under different culture conditions.Ten kinds of carotenoids, p-carotene, echinenone, @cryptoxanthin, 3_hydroxyechinenone, canthaxanthin, 3'-hydroxyechinenone, zeaxanthin, adonirubin, adonixanthin and astaxanthin, were identified by HPLC and spectroscopical techniques. A. aurantiacum synthesized astaxanthin from p-carotene through two hydroxylation steps at C-3 and 3', and oxidation steps at C-4 and 4'.The order of these reactions appeared to be controlled by the culture conditions.A new pathway for astaxanthin formation, different from that of other astaxanthin-producing microorganisms, is proposed.
Posteromedial Tibial Polyethylene Failure in Total Knee Replacements (1994)

This report details 16 cases of focal posteromedial tibial polyethylene wear and failure after total knee arthroplasty. This wear phenomenon was associated with an external rotatory subluxation of the tibial component relative to the femoral component. Failure occurred in ten Miller Galante 1, three Porous Coated Anatomic, two Kinematic, and one Press-Fit Condylar knee designs at a mean time of 45 months from their implantation. With this type of failure, there did not seem to be a relationship with metal type, fixation, polyethylene manufacturing method, or polyethylene thickness. A relatively flat design of the tibial articular surface was common to all of these components. In certain patients this articular design may allow excessive component translation, which leads to polyethylene deformity, wear, and subluxation. Some methods for preventing this failure mode are reported here.
2-Phenylbenzo[b]furans: relationship between structure, estrogen receptor affinity and cytostatic activity against mammary tumor cells. (1991)

A number of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzo[b]furans with a hydroxy group in position 5 or 6 and a short alkyl group at C-3 were synthesized from appropriate 1,2-diarylethanones and studied for their estrogen receptor affinity. The relative binding affinities in the 5-hydroxy series were higher than those of 6-hydroxy derivatives by a factor of 10. The trifluoroethyl and the propyl derivatives displayed the best relative binding affinity values (33 (15a) and 20 (12a); 17 beta-estradiol = 100). All benzofurans with high receptor affinity were tested for specific cytostatic activity using hormone-sensitive human MCF-7 mammary tumor cells and hormone-independent MDA-MB 231 cells. 5-Hydroxy derivatives with an ethyl (11a) or a propyl (12a) group completely inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells at a concentration of 5 microM (tamoxifen: 70% inhibition). Since the cytostatic activity in MDA-MB 231 cells was much lower, an anti-tumor effect mainly mediated by the estrogen receptor has to be assumed. In the mouse uterine weight test these compounds gave rise to a partial estrogen antagonism which may account for the inhibitory effect in estrogen-sensitive tumor cells.
A Low-Complexity SLM Scheme Using Additive Mapping Sequences for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signals (2011)

The selected mapping (SLM) scheme is one of the well-known peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction schemes for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. A number of low-complexity SLM schemes have been proposed but most of them reduce the computational complexity at the cost of bit error rate (BER) or PAPR reduction performance degradation. In this paper, a new low-complexity SLM scheme is proposed, which generates alternative signal sequences by adding mapping signal sequences to an OFDM signal sequence. The proposed scheme considerably reduces the computational complexity without sacrificing BER and PAPR reduction performance only by requiring additional memory to save the additive mapping signal sequences, especially for the OFDM system with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Similarly, a low-complexity SLM scheme is proposed for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) OFDM system with space-frequency block code (SFBC).
Effects of deep brain stimulation on rest tremor progression in early stage Parkinson disease (2018)

This study provides Class II evidence that for patients with early PD, DBS may slow the progression of rest tremor.
A simple generalized equation for the analysis of multiple inhibitions of Michaelis-Menten kinetic systems. (1977)

The summation of the effects of two or more reversible inhibitors of various types on the initial velocity of enzyme systems obeying Michaelis-Menten kinetics is described by the the general relation: (formula: see text) wherein v1,2,3...n is the velocity of reaction in the simultaneous presence of n inhibitors, vi is the velocity observed in the presence of each individual inhibitor, and v0 is the velocity in the absence of inhibition. The derivation is based on the assumption that each enzyme species can combine with no more than one of the inhibitors (i.e. the inhibitors are mutually exclusive). The above relationship holds irrespective of the number of inhibitors, the type of inhibition (competitive, noncompetitive, or uncompetitive), or the kinetic mechanism (sequential or ping-pong) of the enzyme reaction under consideration. Deviations from this equality define synergism or antagonism of inhibitors depending on whether the value of the left side of the above equation is greater or smaller than the right, respectively. Knowledge of the kinetic constants for substrates and inhibitors is not required. If two or more inhibitors act independently (i.e. are not mutually exclusive), their combined effects are necessarily synergistic. Under certain circumstances, described in the text, mutually nonexclusive inhibitors obey the fractional velocity product relationship: v1,2,3...n/v0 = (v1/v0) x (v2/v0) x (v3/v0)...(vn/v0).
Studies on the Lime‐Rich Crystalline Solid Phases in the System Lime—Silica—Water (1954)

A study was carried out to ascertain the effects of two forms of silica, quartz and silicic acid, the methods of mixing, and autoclaving conditions on the formation of the lime–rich crystalline hydrous calcium silicates designated as alpha–, beta–, and gamma–type hydrates. The alpha–type hydrates were synthesized from mixtures of lime slurry and quartz in compositions of 1.8 to 2.4 CaO/SiO 2 molar ratios (C/S ratios). This series of compounds, free of all contaminants, showed X–ray patterns containing many or nearly all lines of crystalline Ca(OH) 2 . The beta‐type hydrates, of which synthetic hillebrandite is a member, were prepared in 1.8 to 2.4 C/S ratios from mixes of CaO and silicic acid dispersed in water. This series of phases or closely related phases may extend in composition from 1.5 to 3.0 C/S and includes minerals and other synthetic solids previously believed to be distinctly separate phases. The gamma‐type hydrates having compositions of about 1.5 to 2.25 C/S were prepared from mixes of quartz and CaO dispersed in water and autoclaved at somewhat higher temperatures than the alpha‐type hydrates. The gamma‐type hydrates contained about 0.3 to 0.4 mol. of water per mol, of compound compared with values of 1.00 to about 1.25 for the other two types of hydrates.
Integrated Reservoir Geomechanics Techniques in the Burgos Basin México: An Improved Gas Reservoirs Management (2000)

Abstract An overall geomechanical model was developed in the Wilcox sands of the Arcabuz-Culebra field, a tight gas reservoir in the Burgos Basin, northern México. The application of multiple technologies were integrated to build a geomechanical model of the field, which was used as a primary tool to predict fracture direction and stress field distribution. Advanced fracture diagnostic technologies that measure the created fracture geometry were used to support the geomechanical modelling. The technical approach combined geomechanical modelling, hydraulic fracture mapping, fracture and reservoir engineering studies to optimise fracture treatment designs and improve the planning of well location and spacing. This methodology can be very important to avoid drilling unnecesary wells or leaving gas in place. By integrating geomechanics techniques through single well reservoir modelling it was observed that ineffective well positioning could inhibit production by as much as 0.5 BCF per well. Fracture engineering analysis identified significant potential cost savings by reducing fracture treatment size and changing proppant type. In addition potential production increase of 3 BCF per well may be possible with re-fracture treatments. This paper discusses these results, and presents a case history that details the application and integration of reservoir geomechanics technologies to improve the practices in the gas reservoir management.
Structure–Property Studies on Carbohydrate-Derived Polymers for Use as Protein-Resistant Biomaterials (2007)

Here we describe structure-property studies on our carbohydrate-derived side-chain ether polymers as protein-resistant biomaterials. A series of side-chain ether polymers, including two polyesters and two polyamides, were prepared by condensation polymerization of monomers derived from simple carbohydrates. The two side-chain permethoxylated polyesters having different stereochemical repeating units demonstrate excellent resistance toward nonspecific protein adsorption as shown by surface plasmon resonance, indicating that the polymer stereochemistry does not have much effect on its protein-resistant properties. The introduction of amide bonds to polymer backbones leads to more pronounced effects. While the polymer degradation stability is significantly enhanced by replacing ester with amide linkages, the protein resistance for the polymer is greatly reduced by introduction of amide bonds. Finally, our results suggest that free hydroxyl and amide groups, while both are hydrogen-bond donors, seem to have different effects on protein resistant properties for polymers. It appears that free amide groups have more detrimental effect on protein resistance than free hydroxyl groups. These results show that the protein-resistant properties of this family of polymers can be tailored by modifying the backbone and side chain functionalities. In combination with the biodegradability and functionalizability, this family of carbohydrate-derived polymers shows promise as versatile biomaterials for biomedical applications.
The Technology of Hot-Wire Electrochemistry (1999)

The technologic basis for in situ heating of a microelectrode wire by high amplitude, high frequency alternating current (hot-wire electrochemistry) is presented. The preferred modes are continuous heating until a stationary temperature value is established, and pulsed heating with short time current sampling. The latter allows measurement above the boiling point.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate inhibits actin nucleation and pseudopodium formation to control cell motility of mouse melanoma cells (1996)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (Sph-1-P), the initial product of sphingosine (Sph) catabolism, has been reported to inhibit motility of mouse melanoma B16/F1 and other types of cells at very low concentrations (10-100 nM). Sph-1-P (100 nM-1 microM) inhibited pseudopodium formation by blocking polymerization and reorganization of actin filaments in newly formed pseudopodia, and reduced F-actin by approximately 25% in F1 cells. A pyrene-labeled actin nucleation assay revealed that Sph-1-P (100 nM) inhibits actin nucleation mediated by F1 cell plasma membranes. These results suggest that Sph-1-P interacts with molecules associated with actin nucleation to inhibit reorganization of pseudopodium formation and cell motility.
Atopic Dermatitis (2008)

This comprehensive account of the genetic and environmental factors that cause atopic dermatitis reconciles two hypotheses concerning the origin of the disease — IgE-mediated sensitization, or an intrinsic defect in epithelial cells that causes dysfunction of the skin barrier — with evidence that both mechanisms contribute. Clinical implications are discussed.
Augmented Cardiac Hypertrophy in Response to Pressure Overload in Mice Lacking the Prostaglandin I 2 Receptor (2005)

IP plays a suppressive role in the development of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy via the inhibition of both cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Both effects have been suggested as originating from the action on noncardiomyocytes rather than cardiomyocytes.
Somatic Mutations in the Connexin 40 Gene ( GJA5 ) in Atrial Fibrillation (2006)

Mutations in GJA5 may predispose patients to idiopathic atrial fibrillation by impairing gap-junction assembly or electrical coupling. Our data suggest that common diseases traditionally considered to be idiopathic may have a genetic basis, with mutations confined to the diseased tissue.
Profiling of Alopecia Areata Autoantigens Based on Protein Microarray Technology (2005)

Protein biochips have a great potential in future parallel processing of complex samples as a research tool and in diagnostics. For the generation of protein biochips, highly automated technologies have been developed for cDNA expression library production, high throughput protein expression, large scale analysis of proteins, and protein microarray generation. Using this technology, we present here a strategy to identify potential autoantigens involved in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, an often chronic disease leading to the rapid loss of scalp hair. Only little is known about the putative autoantigen(s) involved in this process. By combining protein microarray technology with the use of large cDNA expression libraries, we profiled the autoantibody repertoire of sera from alopecia areata patients against a human protein array consisting of 37,200 redundant, recombinant human proteins. The data sets obtained from incubations with patient sera were compared with control sera from clinically healthy persons and to background incubations with anti-human IgG antibodies. From these results, a smaller protein subset was generated and subjected to qualitative and quantitative validation on highly sensitive protein microarrays to identify novel alopecia areata-associated autoantigens. Eight autoantigens were identified by protein chip technology and were successfully confirmed by Western blot analysis. These autoantigens were arrayed on protein microarrays to generate a disease-associated protein chip. To confirm the specificity of the results obtained, sera from patients with psoriasis or hand and foot eczema as well as skin allergy were additionally examined on the disease-associated protein chip. By using alopecia areata as a model for an autoimmune disease, our investigations show that the protein microarray technology has potential for the identification and evaluation of autoantigens as well as in diagnosis such as to differentiate alopecia areata from other skin diseases.
Cbfa1-independent decrease in osteoblast proliferation, osteopenia, and persistent embryonic eye vascularization in mice deficient in Lrp5, a Wnt coreceptor (2002)

The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (Lrp)-5 functions as a Wnt coreceptor. Here we show that mice with a targeted disruption of Lrp5 develop a low bone mass phenotype. In vivo and in vitro analyses indicate that this phenotype becomes evident postnatally, and demonstrate that it is secondary to decreased osteoblast proliferation and function in a Cbfa1-independent manner. Lrp5 is expressed in osteoblasts and is required for optimal Wnt signaling in osteoblasts. In addition, Lrp5-deficient mice display persistent embryonic eye vascularization due to a failure of macrophage-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. These results implicate Wnt proteins in the postnatal control of vascular regression and bone formation, two functions affected in many diseases. Moreover, these features recapitulate human osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome, caused by LRP5 inactivation.