gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cells: a perspective from in vitro cultures to in vivo migration and niches (2010)

Mesenchymal Stromal Progenitor/Stem Cells (MSCs) are a rare population of non-hematopoietic stromal cells, present in the bone marrow and most connective tissues of the body. They are capable of differentiation into mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage, adipose tissue and muscle. In the absence of specific markers, MSCs have been defined following isolation and culture expansion, by their expression of various molecules including CD90, CD105 and CD73 and absence of markers like CD34, CD45, and CD14. MSCs have extensive proliferative ability in culture in an uncommitted state while retaining their multilineage differentiation potential, which make them attractive candidates for biological cell-based tissue repair approaches. However, their identity in their tissues of origin is not clear and the niches in which they reside are not defined. This review addresses the current state of MSC research including the differentiation potency of culture expanded MSCs, expression of chemokines and their receptors in MSCs--both relevant issues for the advocated use of MSCs for tissue repair and their systemic delivery to the affected tissues. It also reviews current knowledge of MSC niches in their native tissues, addressing the relationship with pericytes. Finally, it provides a scientific basis for the requirement of a thorough characterisation of the endogenous MSC niches within their native tissues in vivo. The knowledge of MSC niches will instruct development of innovative therapeutic measures such as producing pharmacological substances that target endogenous MSCs and their niches in order to activate and guide intrinsic repair and to improve disease outcomes.
Increased amplification efficiency of microchip-based PCR by dynamic surface passivation (2004)

Surface passivation is critical for effective PCR using silicon-glass chips. We tested a dynamic polymer-based surface passivation method. Polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG 8000) or polyvinylpyrrolidone 40 (PVP-40) applied at 0.75% (w/v) in the reaction mixture produced significant surface passivation effects using either native or SiO2-precoated silicon-glass chips. PCR amplification was achieved from human genomic DNA as a template as well as from human lymphocytes. The dynamic surface passivation effect of PEG 8000 remained similar under both conditions. Dynamic surface passivation offers a simple and cost-effective method to make microfabricated silicon-glass chips PCR friendly. It can also be used in combination with static passivation (silicon oxide surface layer) to further improve PCR performance using silicon-glass PCR chips.
Phosphorus derivatives of nitrogen heterocycles. I. Preparation and chemistry of 9,10-dihydroacridine phosphonic acid derivatives (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus derivatives of nitrogen heterocycles. I. Preparation and chemistry of 9,10-dihydroacridine phosphonic acid derivativesDerek RedmoreCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 5, 1420–1425Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01257a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01257a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views260Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Covalent Metal−Peptide Framework Compounds That Extend in One and Two Dimensions (2007)

Peptides are attractive ligands for the design of metal organic frameworks, with the potential to confer chirality and biological activity on these materials. However, very few such materials have been reported. Here we describe the X-ray structures of four extended molecular framework compounds formed by the complexation of di- and tripeptides with cadmium ions. The tripeptide complex of cadmium with glycine, Cd(Gly3)2·H2O, forms a two-dimensional complex in which the carboxylate group of the peptide bridges between Cd ions. In contrast, the tripeptide complex of cadmium with alanine, Cd(l-Ala3)2, forms a one-dimensional extended molecular chain comprised of an infinite series of rings linked together through the Cd ions. The dipeptide complexes Cd(l-Ala2)2 and Cd(l-Ala,l-Thr)2·4H2O form covalently linked two-dimensional square lattices. Hydrogen bonding between peptide amide groups and hydrophobic interactions between side chains are seen to play important roles in defining these extended structures. Most interestingly, substitution of the more hydrophilic threonine side chain in place of alanine introduces a layer of water molecules into the crystal lattice. These results suggest that it may be possible to engineer the properties of these extended networks through judicious choice of amino acid side chains.
A Controlled Comparison of Flupenthixol Decanoate Injections and Oral Amitriptyline in Depressed Out-Patients (1982)

Sixty-eight depressed out-patients were allocated to treatment with either oral amitriptyline (75-225 mg/day) or intramuscular flupenthixol decanoate (10-30 mg every 14 days) in flexible dosage for 12 weeks under double-blind procedures. Various observer- and self-rating scales were applied before and after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Twenty-four patients completed the course of amitriptyline and 20 the course of flupenthixol. All variables improved over time, but there were no significant differences between the two drugs. The Newcastle scores pre-treatment were not related to drug response suggesting that both drugs were similarly effective across a wide spectrum of depressive disorders. Patients on amitriptyline tended to complain of dry mouth; those on flupenthixol had a higher incidence of extrapyramidal signs, the majority receiving anti-parkinsonian drugs at some time during the treatment. Flupenthixol decanoate in low dose is a useful anti-depressant, but should be restricted to short courses of treatment, to patients refractory to other treatments, and to patients suspected of poor compliance.
Encyclopedia of emulsion technology (1983)

Liquid/Liquid Interfaces, Tharwat F. Tadros and Brian Vincent Formation of Emulsions, Pieter Walstra Emulsion Stability, Tharwat F. Tadros and Brian Vincent Microemulsions, Stig E. Friberg and Raymond L. Venable Phase Properties of Emulsions: PIT and HLB, Kozo Shinoda and Hironobu Kunieda Emulsion Droplet Size Data, Clyde Orr Rheological Properties of Emulsions, Philip Sherman Optical Properties of Emulsions, Raymond S. Farinato and Robert L. Rowell Dielectric Properties of Emulsions and Related Systems, Marc Clausse
Intensity correction of phased‐array surface coil images (1996)

Phased-array coils distribute the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance of their small component surface coils over the larger area covered by the entire array. The inhomogeneous sensitivity profiles of the component surface coils result in images with very high signal near the phased-array and decreased signal far from the array. This paper presents a postprocessing algorithm for correcting these coil-related intensity variations. The algorithm's performance was evaluated by correcting images of volunteers acquired with several different receive-only phased-array surface coils.
Reduced effective misfit in laterally limited structures such as epitaxial islands (1995)

Numerical finite element calculations have been reported to determine a correction function Φ that describes the reduction of the misfit that occurs when laterally limited structures such as faceted islands or mesa structures are grown on a substrate. The reduction of the average strain energy density is calculated in these three-dimensional islands and compared to the constant strain energy density in a continuous layer. Ratios Φ are obtained from the calculation of different island geometries, i.e., different facet angles γ and different aspect ratios island width l to island height h. These discrete values are fitted by a function which can easily be applied to the full range of aspect ratios (l/h≳0) and facet angles (0°&amp;lt;γ&amp;lt;90°). Faceted Ge(Si) islands on Si(001) substrate, grown from the solution in the Stranski–Krastanov growth mode, serve as an example for the calculation. Experimental and theoretical values for the critical thickness of these islands agree well. This result demonstrates the drastic influence of islanding on misfit strain distribution in island and substrate as well and, consequently, on the strong increase of the critical thickness as determined by the mechanical equilibrium theory of Matthews and Blakeslee.
Cavity enhanced stimulated Brillouin scattering in an optical chip for multiorder Stokes generation (2011)

We report the first demonstration of on-chip cascaded stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Cascaded SBS is characterized in a 4 cm long chalcogenide (As₂S₃) rib waveguide where the end facet reflections provide a monolithic Fabry-Perot (FP) resonator. The presence of the FP cavity reduces the Brillouin gain threshold, which enables observation of cascaded SBS at reduced pump powers. We observe up to three orders of Stokes waves in the backscattered signal at a coupled peak power of 1.34 W. Anti-Stokes waves due to four-wave mixing between the pump and the Stokes wave were observed in the forward spectrum.
Extracellular Matrix Proteins Expression Profiling in Chemoresistant Variants of the A2780 Ovarian Cancer Cell Line (2014)

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynaecological malignancies. Extracellular matrix (ECM) can affect drug resistance by preventing the penetration of the drug into cancer cells and increased resistance to apoptosis. This study demonstrates alterations in the expression levels of ECM components and related genes in cisplatin-, doxorubicin-, topotecan-, and paclitaxel-resistant variants of the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line. Affymetrix Gene Chip Human Genome Array Strips were used for hybridisations. The genes that had altered expression levels in drug-resistant sublines were selected and filtered by scatter plots. The genes that were up- or downregulated more than fivefold were selected and listed. Among the investigated genes, 28 genes were upregulated, 10 genes were downregulated, and two genes were down- or upregulated depending on the cell line. Between upregulated genes 12 were upregulated very significantly--over 20-fold. These genes included COL1A2, COL12A1, COL21A1, LOX, TGFBI, LAMB1, EFEMP1, GPC3, SDC2, MGP, MMP3, and TIMP3. Four genes were very significantly downregulated: COL11A1, LAMA2, GPC6, and LUM. The expression profiles of investigated genes provide a preliminary insight into the relationship between drug resistance and the expression of ECM components. Identifying correlations between investigated genes and drug resistance will require further analysis.
Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of preemptive and preventive tramadol after lumpectomy. (2009)

The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic efficacy of tramadol administrated preemptively or preventively in the earlier period of lumpectomy. Four hundred American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II patients, undergoing lumpectomy, were screened and 317 were randomly assigned into one of two groups. In the preemptive tramadol (n = 158) group, patients received an iv injection of tramadol 100 mg 15 min before operation. The preventive group (n = 159) received the same dose of tramadol 15 min before the end of the operation. Pain intensity at rest, overall satisfaction score, morphine consumption and side effects were recorded. A total of 299 patients completed the study. Preemptive and preventive subjects experienced similar analgesic effect and feeling of satisfaction at the first 24 h after surgeries. The similar amount of additional morphine was consumed [4.6 mg (95% CI 1.5-7.2) vs. 4.1 mg (95% CI 1.2-6.3), p = 0.811]. No intergroup difference was observed in the incidence of side effects. In conclusion, preemptive and preventive administration of tramadol expressed analgesia of similar efficacy up to 24 h after lumpectomy. The additional morphine requirement, the overall satisfaction and the frequency of side effects all did not display significant difference between the two groups. This implies that the administration of tramadol either before the start or before the end of the surgical procedures all can produce effective postoperative analgesia.
Effects of rofecoxib or naproxen vs placebo on Alzheimer disease progression: a randomized controlled trial. (2003)

The results of this study indicate that rofecoxib or low-dose naproxen does not slow cognitive decline in patients with mild-to-moderate AD.
Dexamethasone Treatment Reverses Cognitive Impairment but Increases Brain Oxidative Stress in Rats Submitted to Pneumococcal Meningitis (2011)

Pneumococcal meningitis is associated with a significant mortality rate and neurologic sequelae. The animals received either 10 μL of saline or a S. pneumoniae suspension and were randomized into different groups: sham: placebo with dexamethasone 0.7 mg/kg/1 day; placebo with dexamethasone 0.2 mg/kg/7 days; meningitis groups: dexamethasone 0.7 mg/kg/1 day and dexamethasone 0.2 mg/kg/7 days. Ten days after induction we evaluated memory and oxidative stress parameters in hippocampus and cortex. In the step-down inhibitory avoidance task, we observed memory impairment in the meningitis group with dexamethasone 0.2 mg/kg/7 days. The lipid peroxidation was increased in hippocampus in the meningitis groups with dexamethasone and in cortex only in the meningitis group with dexamethasone 0.2 mg/kg/7 days. The protein carbonyl was increased in hippocampus in the meningitis groups with dexamethasone and in cortex in the meningitis groups with and without dexamethasone. There was a decrease in the proteins integrity in hippocampus in all groups receiving treatment with dexamethasone and in cortex in all groups with dexamethasone (0.7 mg/kg/1 day). The mitochondrial superoxide was increased in the hippocampus and cortex in the meningitis group with dexamethasone 0.2 mg/kg/7 days. Our findings demonstrate that dexamethasone reverted cognitive impairment but increased brain oxidative stress in hippocampus and cortex in Wistar rats ten days after pneumococcal meningitis induction.
Use of Multiepitope Polyproteins in Serodiagnosis of Active Tuberculosis (2002)

Screening of genomic expression libraries from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with sera from tuberculosis (TB) patients or rabbit antiserum to M. tuberculosis led to the identification of novel antigens capable of detecting specific antibodies to M. tuberculosis. Three antigens, Mtb11 (also known as CFP-10), Mtb8, and Mtb48, were tested together with the previously reported 38-kDa protein, in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies in TB patients. These four proteins were also produced as a genetically fused polyprotein, which was tested with two additional antigens, DPEP (also known as MPT32) and Mtb81. Sera from individuals with pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-TB coinfections, and purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive and PPD-negative status with no evidence of disease were tested. In samples from HIV-negative individuals, the ELISA detected antibodies in >80% of smear-positive individuals and >60% smear-negative individuals, with a specificity of approximately 98%. For this group, smears detected 81.6% but a combination of smear and ELISA had a sensitivity of approximately 93%. The antigen combination detected a significant number of HIV-TB coinfections as well as antibodies in patients with extrapulmonary infections. Improved reactivity in the HIV-TB group was observed by including the antigen Mtb81 that was identified by proteomics. The data indicate that the use of multiple antigens, some of which are in a single polyprotein, can be used to facilitate the development of a highly sensitive test for M. tuberculosis antibody detection.
A Review on Mixing in Microfluidics (2010)

Small-scale mixing is of uttermost importance in bio- and chemical analyses using micro TAS (total analysis systems) or lab-on-chips. Many microfluidic applications involve chemical reactions where, most often, the fluid diffusivity is very low so that without the help of chaotic advection the reaction time can be extremely long. In this article, we will review various kinds of mixers developed for use in microfluidic devices. Our review starts by defining the terminology necessary to understand the fundamental concept of mixing and by introducing quantities for evaluating the mixing performance, such as mixing index and residence time. In particular, we will review the concept of chaotic advection and the mathematical terms, Poincare section and Lyapunov exponent. Since these concepts are developed from nonlinear dynamical systems, they should play important roles in devising microfluidic devices with enhanced mixing performance. Following, we review the various designs of mixers that are employed in applications. We will classify the designs in terms of the driving forces, including mechanical, electrical and magnetic forces, used to control fluid flow upon mixing. The advantages and disadvantages of each design will also be addressed. Finally, we will briefly touch on the expected future development regarding mixer design and related issues for the further enhancement of mixing performance.
Gonorrhoea treatment failure caused by a Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with combined ceftriaxone and high-level azithromycin resistance, England, February 2018 (2018)

We describe a gonorrhoea case with combined high-level azithromycin resistance and ceftriaxone resistance. In February 2018, a heterosexual male was diagnosed with gonorrhoea in the United Kingdom following sexual intercourse with a locally resident female in Thailand and failed treatment with ceftriaxone plus doxycycline and subsequently spectinomycin. Resistance arose from two mechanisms combining for the first time in a genetic background similar to a commonly circulating strain. Urgent action is essential to prevent further spread.
Essential involvement of IL-6 in the skin wound-healing process as evidenced by delayed wound healing in IL-6-deficient mice (2003)

To clarify interleukin (IL)-6 roles in wound healing, we prepared skin excisions in wild-type (WT) and IL-6-deficient BALB/c [knockout (KO)] mice. In WT mice, the wound area was reduced to 50% of original size at 6 days after injury. Microscopically, leukocyte infiltration was evident at wound sites. Furthermore, the re-epithelialization rate was approximately 80% at 6 days after injury with increases in angiogenesis and hydroxyproline contents. The gene expression of IL-1, chemokines, adhesion molecules, transforming growth factor-beta1, and vascular endothelial growth factor was enhanced at the wound sites. In contrast, the enhanced expression of these genes was significantly reduced in KO mice. Moreover, in KO mice, the reduction of wound area was delayed with attenuated leukocyte infiltration, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen accumulation. Finally, the administration of a neutralizing anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody significantly delayed wound closure in WT mice. These observations suggest that IL-6 has crucial roles in wound healing, probably by regulating leukocyte infiltration, angiogenesis, and collagen accumulation.
Antibody to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers' yeast) in Crohn's disease. (1988)

Comparaison de 55 cas de maladie de Crohn, 40 de colite ulcerative et 30 temoins normaux. Les titres d'anticorps IgG et IgA contre Saccharomyces cerevisiae sont significativement eleves dans la maladie de Crohn, non dans la colite ulcerative
Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization: Catalyst-Dependent Polymerization Profiles (2009)

Ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) mediated by recently developed cyclic Ru catalysts has been studied in detail with a focus on the polymer products obtained under varied reaction conditions and catalyst architectures. Depending upon the nature of the catalyst structure, two distinct molecular weight evolutions were observed. Polymerization conducted with catalysts bearing six-carbon tethers displayed rapid polymer molecular weight growth which reached a maximum value at ca. 70% monomer conversion, resembling a chain-growth polymerization mechanism. In contrast, five-carbon-tethered catalysts led to molecular weight growth that resembled a step-growth mechanism with a steep increase occurring only after 95% monomer conversion. The underlying reason for these mechanistic differences appeared to be ready release of five-carbon-tethered catalysts from growing polymer rings, which competed significantly with propagation. Owing to reversible chain transfer and the lack of end groups in REMP, the final molecular weights of cyclic polymers was controlled by thermodynamic equilibria. Large ring sizes in the range of 60-120 kDa were observed at equilibrium for polycyclooctene and polycyclododecatriene, which were found to be independent of catalyst structure and initial monomer/catalyst ratio. While six-carbon-tethered catalysts were slowly incorporated into the formed cyclic polymer, the incorporation of five-carbon-tethered catalysts was minimal, as revealed by ICP-MS. Further polymer analysis was conducted using melt-state magic-angle spinning (13)C NMR spectroscopy of both linear and cyclic polymers, which revealed little or no chain ends for the latter topology.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Method for the Preparation of S‐(Alkylsulfenyl)Cysteines. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.