gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization and functional properties of a rat brain alpha 1A calcium channel reflect similarities to neuronal Q- and P-type channels. (1994)

Functional expression of the rat brain alpha 1A Ca channel was obtained by nuclear injection of an expression plasmid into Xenopus oocytes. The alpha 1A Ca current activated quickly, inactivated slowly, and showed a voltage dependence typical of high voltage-activated Ca channels. The alpha 1A current was partially blocked (approximately 23%) by omega-agatoxin IVA (200 nM) and substantially blocked by omega-conotoxin MVIIC (5 microM blocked approximately 70%). Bay K 8644 (10 microM) or omega-conotoxin GVIA (1 microM) had no significant effect on the alpha 1A current. Coexpression with rat brain Ca channel beta subunits increased the alpha 1A whole-cell current and shifted the current-voltage relation to more negative values. While the beta 1b and beta 3 subunits caused a significant acceleration of the alpha 1A inactivation kinetics, the beta 2a subunit dramatically slowed the inactivation of the alpha 1A current to that seen typically for P-type Ca currents. In situ localization with antisense deoxyoligonucleotide and RNA probes showed that alpha 1A was widely distributed throughout the rat central nervous system, with moderate to high levels in the olfactory bulb, in the cerebral cortex, and in the CA fields and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. In the cerebellum, prominent alpha 1A expression was detected in Purkinje cells with some labeling also in granule cells. Overall, the results show that alpha 1A channels are widely expressed and share some properties with both Q- and P-type channels.
Efficient Wastewater Treatment by Membranes through Constructing Tunable Antifouling Membrane Surfaces (2011)

In the present study, a facile in situ approach for constructing tunable amphiphilic or hydrophilic antifouling membrane surfaces was demonstrated by exquisitely manipulating the microphase separation and surface segregation behavior of the tailor-made ternary amphiphilic block copolymers during the commonly utilized wet phase inversion membrane-formation process. Under dead-end filtration for oily wastewater treatment, the membrane with amphiphilic surface exhibited over 99.5% retention ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) without appreciable membrane fouling: the water permeation flux was slightly decreased during operation (total flux decline was 6.8%) and almost completely recovered to the initial value (flux recovery ratio was more than 99.0%) after simple hydraulic washing. While for the proteins-containing wastewater treatment, the membrane with hydrophilic surface exhibited about 52.6% COD retention ratio and superior antifouling performance: only 17.0% total flux decline and also more than 99.0% flux recovery ratio. Hopefully, the present approach can be developed as a competitive platform technology for the preparation of robust and versatile antifouling membrane, leading to the high process efficiency of wastewater treatments.
Growth and characterization of buckybundles (1993)

Buckybundles (bundles of buckytubes), approximately 50 μm in diameter and 1 cm in length, have been observed in a deposited carbon rod on the cathode electrode of a dc arc. Scanning electron microscopy images clearly show an evenly spaced array of parallel buckybundles. High resolution electron microscopy reveals that each buckybundle consists of closely packed buckytubes with their axes parallel to the bundle axis. Within each bundle it is estimated that there are about 107 buckytubes with diameters in the range (20–300 Å). We have measured the deposited rod growth rate as a function of the He gas pressure and have evaluated the influence of the graphite feed rod diameter on the yield of buckybundles. The magnetic susceptibilities parallel and perpendicular to the bundle axes were measured. The results show that the bundles have anisotropic diamagnetic properties.
Long-term carriers generate Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ polyfunctional T-cell responses which show immunodominance hierarchies of EBV proteins (2011)

T cells simultaneously producing multiple cytokines and possessing cytotoxic capacity termed polyfunctional cells (PFCs) are increasingly recognized as the immune correlate of protection against pathogenic viruses. We investigated co-expression of four cytokines (interferon-γ, macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-2) and degranulation capacity (CD107a surface expression) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) -specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells upon stimulation by overlapping peptides of EBV lytic (BZLF1) and latent (EBNA1, EBNA3 and LMP2) proteins, in 20 healthy Chinese long-term carriers. Two patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), who had impaired T-cell immunity, were studied for comparison. Both EBV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) PFCs were readily generated in long-term carriers and showed immunodominance hierarchies of latent proteins (EBNA1 > EBNA3/LMP2 and EBNA3 > LMP2 > EBNA1 for CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, respectively), as evidenced by a higher proportion of PFCs generated by immunodominant EBV proteins than by subdominant viral proteins. In contrast, the proportion of EBV-specific PFCs was markedly decreased in patients with PTLD. The EBV-specific PFCs produced more cytokine per cell than single-functional T cells and comprised different subsets. Five-functional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were detected and four-functional CD4(+) T cells were mainly CD107a negative and expressed all four cytokines whereas four-functional CD8(+) T cells were mainly CD107a positive and expressed three of the four cytokines (interleukin-2-negative). We conclude that EBV-specific PFCs are generated in much higher proportions in the long-term carriers than in the patients with PTLD and maintain the immunodominant characteristics of the virus.
A novel CBFA2 single-nucleotide mutation in familial platelet disorder with propensity to develop myeloid malignancies (2001)

Hereditary mutations associated with hematologic malignancies are rare. Heterozygous mutations affecting the hematopoietic transcription factor CBFA2 (also AML1/RUNX1) were recently reported to be associated with familial platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (FPD/AML, MIM 601399). A new 3-generation family with FPD/AML with a novel CBFA2 mutation is described. In this family, AML was diagnosed in a second-generation male. After allogeneic stem cell transplantation from his human leukocyte antigen-identical sister, a donor-derived, genetically identical leukemia developed in the recipient and the donor. Sequencing analysis identified a G-to-T transition within the CBFA2 gene, which involves codon 198, encoding a conserved aspartic acid within the DNA- binding Runt domain. Three of 5 siblings affected with the FPD/AML trait harbored the mutation in a heterozygous form. This experience underscores the necessity of performing mutation analysis of the CBFA2 gene before sibling allogeneic transplantation in families with FPD/AML.
Characterization of Murine Thymic Stromal‐Cell Lines Immortalized by Temperature‐Sensitive Simian Virus 40 Large T or Adenovirus 5 E1a (1991)

The heterogeneity of thymic stromal cells is probably related to their role in providing different microenvironments where T cells can develop. We have immortalized thymic stromal elements using recombinant retroviral constructs containing a temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 (SV40tsA58) large-T antigen gene or the adenovirus 5 E1a region linked to the gene coding for resistance to G418. Cell lines containing the thermolabile large T antigen encoded by SV40 proliferate at the permissive temperature of 33 degrees C and arrest growth when transferred to the nonpermissive temperature of 39 degrees C. At the nonpermissive temperature, ts-derived cell lines are shown to alter their phenotype but remain metabolically active, as indicated by the inducible expression of class I and class II MHC antigens. Here we describe the generation of a total of 84 thymic stromal-cell lines, many of which show distinct morphologic, phenotypic, and functional properties consistent with fibroblastoid, epithelial, or monocytoid origins. Several E1a and SV40tsA58-derived cell lines generated exhibit the epithelial characteristic of desmosome formation and, in addition, two of these lines (15.5 and 15.18) form multicellular complexes (rosettes) when incubated with unfractionated thymocytes from syngeneic mice. A single line (14.5) displays very strong nonspecific esterase activity, suggesting it may represent a macrophagelike cell type. We describe the generation of stromal cell lines with different properties, which is consistent with the heterogeneity found in the thymic microenvironment. In addition to documenting this diversity, these cell lines may be useful tools for studying T-cell development in vitro and give access to model systems in which stromal-thymocyte interactions can be examined.
How Far Does Influence Go? Racialized Resistance and University Culture (2017)

In recent years, universities have found themselves in the spotlight for their approaches to grievances of racial bias and discrimination. To better understand how university culture can influence millennials’ understanding and explanations of racial phenomena, I examine the ways in which students navigate issues of racial inequity. Data reveals that the culture of the examined university, created by an adoption of a racial orthodoxy, overwhelmingly leads to a system I call racialized resistance. Under racialized resistance, a student's race acts a master status and determines how they can participate in politicized civic engagement. I find students employ four strategies: strategic suppression, acceptable resistance, avoidance, and power analysis.
Cloning of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and EGF Receptor from the Zebrafish Ovary: Evidence for EGF as a Potential Paracrine Factor from the Oocyte to Regulate Activin/Follistatin System in the Follicle Cells1 (2004)

In the present study, we cloned full-length cDNAs for epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGFR), and three truncated forms of EGFR (EGFR15, 12, and 8) from the zebrafish ovary. Zebrafish EGF was predominantly expressed in the ovary and testis, while EGFR and its truncated forms were highly expressed in all tissues examined except the liver. In the ovary, the expression of EGF seemed to be more abundant in the follicles of early stages, while EGFR had much higher expression levels at later stages. Interestingly, although EGF was expressed in both the follicle cells and oocytes, its expression level was significantly higher in the oocytes. However, the expression of EGFR was mainly restricted to the follicle cells with little expression in the oocytes. The unique spatial patterns of EGF and EGFR expression within the follicle suggest that EGF may serve as a messenger from the oocyte to signal the follicle cells. EGF strongly stimulated the expression of both activin beta A and beta B, while it suppressed basal and hCG-induced follistatin expression in cultured follicle cells. These results, together with the evidence that EGF was predominantly expressed in the oocytes whereas EGFR was expressed in the follicle cells, strongly suggest that EGF is likely a potential paracrine/juxtacrine factor from the oocytes to regulate the function of the follicle cells.
Large reduction of singlemode-fibre coupling loss in 1.5% Δ planar lightwave circuits using spot-size converters (2002)

Reduction of singlemode fibre coupling loss in 1.5% Δ planar lightwave circuits from 1.8 to 0.2 dB/point is achieved using simple vertically and laterally tapered spot-size converters. These spot-size converters were used to realise an arrayed-waveguide grating with a very low insertion loss of 0.7 dB.
All-optical machine learning using diffractive deep neural networks (2018)

Deep learning has been transforming our ability to execute advanced inference tasks using computers. Here we introduce a physical mechanism to perform machine learning by demonstrating an all-optical diffractive deep neural network (D<sup>2</sup>NN) architecture that can implement various functions following the deep learning-based design of passive diffractive layers that work collectively. We created 3D-printed D<sup>2</sup>NNs that implement classification of images of handwritten digits and fashion products, as well as the function of an imaging lens at a terahertz spectrum. Our all-optical deep learning framework can perform, at the speed of light, various complex functions that computer-based neural networks can execute; will find applications in all-optical image analysis, feature detection, and object classification; and will also enable new camera designs and optical components that perform distinctive tasks using D<sup>2</sup>NNs.
Gene therapy for inherited retinal degenerations (2014)

Gene therapy is quickly becoming a reality applicable in the clinic for inherited retinal diseases. Progress over the past decade has moved proof-of-concept gene therapies from bench to bedside. The remarkable success in safety and efficacy, in the phase I/II clinical trials for the form of the severe childhood-onset blindness, Leber's Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) type II (due to mutations in the RPE65 gene) generated significant interest and opened up possibilities for a new era of retinal gene therapies. Success in these clinical trials was due to combining the favorable features of both the retina as a target organ and adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a vector. The retina offers several advantages for gene therapy approaches. It is an anatomically defined structure that is readily accessible for therapy and has some degree of immune privilege, making it suitable for application of viral vectors. AAV, on the other hand, is a non-pathogenic helper dependent virus that has little immunogenicity. This viral vector transduces quiescent cells efficiently and thanks to its small size diffuses well in the interneural matrix, making it suitable for applications in neural tissue. Building on this initial clinical success with LCA II, we have now many opportunities to extend this proof-of-concept to other retinal diseases. This article will discuss what are some of the most imminent targets for such therapies and what are the challenges that we face in moving these therapies to the clinic.
CpG Are Efficient Adjuvants for Specific CTL Induction Against Tumor Antigen-Derived Peptide (2002)

The identification of CTL-defined tumor-associated Ags has allowed the development of new strategies for cancer immunotherapy. To potentiate the CTL responses, peptide-based vaccines require the coadministration of adjuvants. Because oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs are strong immunostimulators, we analyzed the ability of CpG ODN to act as adjuvant of the CTL response against tumor-derived synthetic peptide in the absence or presence of IFA. Mice transgenic for a chimeric MHC class I molecule were immunized with a peptide analog of MART-1/Melan-A(26-35) in the presence of CpG ODN alone or CpG ODN emulsified in IFA. The CTL response was monitored ex vivo by tetramer staining of lymphocytes. In blood, spleen, and lymph nodes, peptide mixed with CpG ODN alone was able to elicit a stronger systemic CTL response as compared with peptide emulsified in IFA. Moreover, CpG ODN in combination with IFA further enhanced the CTL response in terms of the frequency of tetramer+CD8+ T cells ex vivo. The CTL induced in vivo against peptide analog in the presence of CpG ODN are functional, as they were able to recognize and kill melanoma cells in vitro. Overall, these results indicate that CpG ODN by itself is a good candidate adjuvant of CTL response and can also enhance the effect of classical adjuvant.
Strand specific cleavage of phosphorothioate-containing DNA by reaction with restriction endonucleases in the presence of ethidium bromide (1988)

A method for achieving strand specific nicking of DNA has been developed. Phosphorothioate groups were incorporated enzymatically into the (-)strand of M13 RF IV DNA. When such DNA is reacted with restriction endonucleases in the presence of ethidium bromide nicked DNA (RF II) is produced. All of the restriction enzymes tested linearised phosphorothioate-containing DNA in the absence of this dye. The strand specificity of the reaction was investigated by employing the ethidium bromide mediated nicking reaction in the phosphorothioate-based oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis method. The mutational efficiencies obtained were in the region of 64-89%, indicating that these restriction enzymes hydrolyse the phosphodiester bond at the cleavage site of the unsubstituted (+)strand.
Expansion of intestinal Prevotella copri correlates with enhanced susceptibility to arthritis (2013)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent systemic autoimmune disease, caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Animal models suggest a role for intestinal bacteria in supporting the systemic immune response required for joint inflammation. Here we performed 16S sequencing on 114 stool samples from rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls, and shotgun sequencing on a subset of 44 such samples. We identified the presence of Prevotella copri as strongly correlated with disease in new-onset untreated rheumatoid arthritis (NORA) patients. Increases in Prevotella abundance correlated with a reduction in Bacteroides and a loss of reportedly beneficial microbes in NORA subjects. We also identified unique Prevotella genes that correlated with disease. Further, colonization of mice revealed the ability of P. copri to dominate the intestinal microbiota and resulted in an increased sensitivity to chemically induced colitis. This work identifies a potential role for P. copri in the pathogenesis of RA. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01202.001.
New Au-Al interconnect technology and its reliability by surface activated bonding (2003)

In this paper, a new interconnect method, surface activated bonding (SAB), for microelectronic systems is introduced. The bonding is carried out at room temperature which is different from the traditional technology such as wire bonding. The interconnect is achieved just by the contact of two atomically clean surfaces, prepared by a fast atom beam. SAB is especially suitable for high reliability, compact and high density systems which would be more difficult to be realized by other interconnect methods because of relative high bonding temperature, wide pitch and long signal transferring distance. A Si substrate with Au bumps on the top and a Si chip with patterned Al film on the surface were prepared to test Au-Al bonding feasibility and the reliability of the SAB method. Satisfactory experimental results were achieved.
Gene Delivery of the Murine Equivalent of Bevacizumab (Avastin), an Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Monoclonal Antibody, to Suppress Growth of Human Tumors in Immunodeficient Mice (2008)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) produced by tumor cells plays a central role in stimulating angiogenesis required for solid tumor growth. VEGF-specific antibodies inhibit tumor cell line growth in animal models and a humanized monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody (bevacizumab [Avastin]) is approved as a treatment for metastatic cancer. We hypothesized that administration of an adenoviral (Ad) vector expressing the murine monoclonal antibody equivalent of bevacizumab would suppress human tumor growth in vivo. The Ad vector (AdalphaVEGF) encodes the light chain and heavy chain cDNAs of monoclonal antibody A.4.6.1, a murine antibody that specifically recognizes human VEGF with the same antigen-binding site as bevacizumab. AdalphaVEGF efficacy in vivo was evaluated with A-673 rhabdomyosarcoma and DU 145 prostate carcinoma cells in human tumor cell xenografts in SCID mice. For both tumor models, AdalphaVEGF directed the expression of high anti-human VEGF IgG antibody titers in vivo, the numbers of mitotic nuclei and blood vessels in the tumor were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), tumor growth was suppressed (p < 0.05), and there was increased survival (p < 0.005). Thus, AdalphaVEGF, encoding a murine monoclonal antibody that is the equivalent of bevacizumab, effectively suppresses the growth of human tumors, suggesting gene therapy as an alternative to bevacizumab monoclonal antibody therapy.
Stream compaction for deferred shading (2009)

The GPU leverages SIMD efficiency when shading because it rasterizes a triangle at a time, running the same shader on all of its fragments. Ray tracing sacrifices this shader coherence, and the result is that SIMD units often must run different shaders simultaneously resulting in serialization. We study this problem and define a new measure called heterogeneous efficiency to measure SIMD divergence among multiple shaders of different complexities in a ray tracing application. We devise seven different algorithms for scheduling shaders onto SIMD processors to avoid divergence. In all but simply shaded scenes, we show the expense of sorting shaders pays off with better overall shading performance.
A General Method for Molecular Tagging of Encoded Combinatorial Chemistry Libraries (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA General Method for Molecular Tagging of Encoded Combinatorial Chemistry LibrariesH. Peter Nestler, Paul A. Bartlett, and W. Clark StillCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 17, 4723–4724Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00096a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00096a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views868Altmetric-Citations204LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts