gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study of Living and Dead Yeast Cells Using Dielectrophoresis (1968)

Using a simple new physical technique, dielectrophoresis, living cells can rapidly be distinguished from dead ones, and collected separately. A detailed study using yeast cells is reported here. A comparative study of the dielectrophoresis of aqueous suspensions of living and dead yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was made over a range of frequencies, aqueous conductance, field strength, and time. The amount collected in a given period was observed to increase with field strength and aqueous resistivity except in the highest ranges where a reverse trend occurs. At high field strengths reversal of collection occurs (i.e., dispersion). The frequency responses of living and dead cells are different, enabling remarkably selective collection of living cells from a mixture of living and dead cells. Cells collected in this manner survive.
Two Hippocratic Treatises, On Sight and On Anatomy, Edited and Translated with Introduction and Commentary (2015)

In an appendix on p. 169, Craik takes account of M
Nutrition, Epigenetics, and Developmental Plasticity: Implications for Understanding Human Disease (2010)

There is considerable evidence for induction of differential risk of noncommunicable diseases in humans by variation in the quality of the early life environment. Studies in animal models show that induction and stability of induced changes in the phenotype of the offspring involve altered epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation and covalent modifications of histones. These findings indicate that such epigenetic changes are highly gene specific and function at the level of individual CpG dinucleotides. Interventions using supplementation with folic acid or methyl donors during pregnancy, or folic acid after weaning, alter the phenotype and epigenotype induced by maternal dietary constraint during gestation. This suggests a possible means for reducing risk of induced noncommunicable disease, although the design and conduct of such interventions may require caution. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanism that underlies the early life origins of disease and to place these studies in a broader life-course context.
The 3′ Untranslated Region of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha mRNA Is a Target of the mRNA-Stabilizing Factor HuR (2001)

Posttranscriptional regulation is important for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in monocytes and macrophages, and an AU-rich element (ARE) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of TNF-alpha mRNA is implicated in control of its translation and mRNA stability. Regulation of mRNA turnover is thought to be mediated by trans-acting proteins, which bind the ARE and stabilize or destabilize the transcript. However, with the exception of the destabilizing factor tristetraprolin, the identity and function of the proteins binding the TNF-alpha mRNA ARE have not been established. To identify other proteins involved in the posttranscriptional control of TNF-alpha, the subcellular location of TNF-alpha mRNA was determined in the macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7. TNF-alpha mRNA was located in the pellet following centrifugation of cytoplasm at 100,000 x g (P100 fraction). This fraction also contained proteins which formed two distinct ARE-specific complexes with the TNF-alpha mRNA 3' UTR in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). A protein present in these two complexes was purified and identified by peptide mass mapping and tandem mass spectrometry as HuR. In EMSAs both complexes were supershifted by an anti-HuR antibody, while Western blotting also demonstrated the presence of HuR in the P100 extract. A HeLa cell tetracycline-regulated reporter system was used to determine the effect of HuR on mRNA stability. In this system, overexpression of HuR resulted in stabilization of an otherwise unstable reporter-mRNA containing the TNF-alpha ARE. These results demonstrate that the TNF-alpha ARE is a target of the mRNA-stabilizing factor HuR.
Interobserver Variability in the CT Assessment of Honeycombing in the Lungs (2012)

Identification of honeycombing at CT is subjective, and disagreement is largely caused by conditions that mimic honeycombing.
Escherichia coli endonuclease VIII: cloning, sequencing, and overexpression of the nei structural gene and characterization of nei and nei nth mutants (1997)

Escherichia coli possesses two DNA glycosylase/apurinic lyase activities with overlapping substrate specificities, endonuclease III and endonuclease VIII, that recognize and remove oxidized pyrimidines from DNA. Endonuclease III is encoded by the nth gene. Endonuclease VIII has now been purified to apparent homogeneity, and the gene, nei, has been cloned by using reverse genetics. The gene nei is located at 16 min on the E. coli chromosome and encodes a 263-amino-acid protein which shows significant homology in the N-terminal and C-terminal regions to five bacterial Fpg proteins. A nei partial deletion replacement mutant was constructed, and deletion of nei was confirmed by genomic PCR, activity analysis, and Western blot analysis. nth nei double mutants were hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and hydrogen peroxide but not as sensitive as mutants devoid of base excision repair (xth nfo). Single nth mutants exhibited wild-type sensitivity to X rays, while nei mutants were consistently slightly more sensitive than the wild type. Double mutants lacking both endonucleases III and VIII exhibited a strong spontaneous mutator phenotype (about 20-fold) as determined by a rifampin forward mutation assay. In contrast to nth mutants, which showed a weak mutator phenotype, nei single mutants behaved as the wild type.
Imaging studies in Freund's complete adjuvant model of regional polyarthritis, a model suitable for the study of pain mechanisms, in the rat (2011)

Signs of arthritis were strictly unilateral and started only 2 weeks after injection. Since the affected area has a broad representation in the spinal cord, this model has advantages over monarthritis models for the study of plastic changes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
Global Occurrence of Infant Botulism, 1976–2006 (2008)

Most countries have not yet reported cases of infant botulism. This limited reporting of the disease to date contrasts with the known global occurrence of Clostridium botulinum spores in soils and dust and suggests that infant botulism may be under-recognized, underreported, or both. When bulbar palsies, hypotonia, and weakness are present, physicians should consider the possibility of infant botulism even if the patient has not been fed honey. Publication of additional case reports and surveillance summaries will enhance understanding of the occurrence and extent of this under-recognized disease.
New serial architecture for the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm (1999)

We propose a new efficient serial architecture to implement the Berlekamp-Massey (1968, 1969) algorithm, which is frequently used in BCH and Reed-Solomon (1960) decoders. An inversionless Berlekamp-Massey algorithm is adopted which not only eliminates the finite-field inverter but also introduces additional parallelism. We discover a clever scheduling of three finite-field multipliers to implement the algorithm very efficiently. Compared to a previously proposed serial Berlekamp-Massey architecture, our technique significantly reduces the latency.
NBA“持久品牌”的持久之谜——访托马斯·欧格雷迪 (2006)

托马斯·欧格雷迪是NBA娱乐公司的副总裁和创意总监。在他任职于全美篮球协会的十几年间，他的创意团队影响了一代篮球爱好者，不仅使NBA的影响拓展到整个世界，并掌控了媒体通道的传输。以下是美国知名杂志《Gain》对托马斯·欧格雷迪专访的摘录，在访谈中，他结合NBA的实践，对构建体育品牌的作用和价值发表了颇为独到的见解。
Experimental results of EPCglobal phase 2 pilot with active RFID (2008)

Passive RFID and barcode system and are adopted to supply chain market and logistic service. However, barcodes can only be read at close proximity. Passive RFID relies on RF energy transferred from the reader to the tag to power the tag, so they can be read at short distances. This limits the usage of tag for certain applications. On the other hand, active RFID that has a battery increase the read range and reliability, it is promising for supply chain management and logistics. In 2007, EPCglobal that is the global RFID standards organization announced to experiment with active and passive RFIDs attached to pallet and items from Shanghai to Long beach by air. We implemented new active RFIDs for this trial experiment. Our new active RFID has an LF (Low Frequency) module, HF (High Frequency) module, UHF (Ultra High Frequency) module, sensors, and a logger that is installed in an actual pallet for air transportation with the function to be activated and/or be slept by HF Reader. The results of the pilot confirmed that our new active RFID has the enough functions for air transportation and logistics service with low power consumption.
m-TOR Inhibitors in the Current Practice (2017)

for long time, calcineurin-inhibitors (CNIs) was the best broadly used immunosuppressant in organ transplantation; since it had proven its efficacy in the reduction of acute rejection episodes and early graft loss, though their use in the long-term, are associated with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), besides it increases the cardiovascular risks such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemias. Moreover, CNIs in combination with other immunosuppressant's increases the risk of fatal infections and malignancy. Ultimately the introduction of the mammalian focus of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, such as sirolimus and everolimus in 1990s, had changed the face of transplantation and conveyed a great hope to transplant physicians as an innovative class of effective immunosuppressants with a unique mechanism and less nephrotoxic effects (1-6). In this review article we will try briefly to elicit the clinical indications, advantage and disadvantage of m-TOR inhibitors over other immunosuppressant’s medications and their clinical indications inside and outside the transplant field.
THRA1 and D17S183 flank an interval of < 4 cM for the breast-ovarian cancer gene (BRCA1) on chromosome 17q21. (1993)

In order to pinpoint the locale of the gene for early-onset familial breast and ovarian cancer (BRCA1), polymorphisms were developed within the locus for thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA1) and for several anonymous sequences at chromosome 17q12-q21. The THRA1 polymorphism is a dinucleotide repeat with 10 alleles and heterozygosity.79. Gene mapping in extended families with inherited, early-onset breast and ovarian cancer indicates that BRCA1 is distal to THRA1 and proximal to D17S183 (SCG43), an interval of < 4 cM. This locale excludes HER2, THRA1, WNT3, HOX2, NGFR, PHB, COLIA1, NME1, and NME2 as candidates for BRCA1 but does not exclude RARA or EDH17B. Resolving the remaining recombination events in these families by new polymorphisms in the THRA1-D17S183 interval will facilitate positional cloning of the breast-ovarian cancer gene on chromosome 17q12-q21.
Design of Peptides with Targeted Apatite and Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Adhesion for Bone Tissue Engineering. (2008)

the freedom to explore my own research and with that came confidence, experience, and more questions. Thank you for your patience when I was learning and your guidance when needed. I am grateful for our candid conversations that have schooled me not only in science, but also in many aspects of life. If I am ever honored with a Pulitzer Prize, I will be sure to dedicate it to you and your red pen. The expertise of my thesis committee that contributed to the success of my work should be acknowledged. To Udo Becker, Renny Franceschi, Yvonne Kapila, and Shuichi Takayama, thank you for your time, advice, and resources. Your guidance has made me a better researcher and a more thorough reviewer, hopefully both of which I can take with me in my next endeavors. To Hayes C. Smith, thank you for sticking by my side for three years. You’re superb SBF making skills, eclectic music taste, compassion for others, and shared appreciation for delicious iced tea made working with you easy and fun. I wish you could have been around when all the work started to come together. It wouldn’t have if it weren’t for all of our hard work at the beginning. You are by far, one of my favorite
Immune stimulating photoactive hybrid nanoparticles for metastatic breast cancer (2012)

A therapeutic technology that combines the phototoxic and immune-stimulating ability of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the widespread effectiveness of the immune system can be very promising to treat metastatic breast cancer. We speculated that the knowledge of molecular mechanisms of existing multi-component therapies could provide clues to aid the discovery of new combinations of an immunostimulant with a photosensitizer (PS) using a nanoparticle (NP) delivery platform. Therapeutic challenges when administering therapeutic combinations include the choice of dosages to reduce side effects, the definitive delivery of the correct drug ratio, and exposure to the targets of interest. These factors are very difficult to achieve when drugs are individually administered. By combining controlled release polymer-based NP drug delivery approaches, we were able to differentially deliver zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) based PS to metastatic breast cancer cells along with CpG-ODN, a single-stranded DNA that is a known immunostimulant to manage the distant tumors in a temporally regulated manner. We encapsulated ZnPc which is a long-wavelength absorbing PS within a polymeric NP core made up of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-b-PEG). After coating the outside of the polymeric core with gold NPs (AuNPs), we further modified the AuNP surface with CpG-ODN. In vitro cytotoxicity using 4T1 metastatic mouse breast carcinoma cells shows significant photocytotoxicity of the hybrid NPs containing both ZnPc and CpG-ODN after irradiation with a 660 nm LASER light and this activity was remarkably better than either treatment alone. Treatment of mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells with the PDT-killed 4T1 cell lysate shows that the combination of PDT with a synergistic immunostimulant in a single NP system results in significant immune response, which can be used for the treatment of metastatic cancer.
The application of cassette dosing for pharmacokinetic screening in small-molecule cancer drug discovery (2007)

Pharmacokinetic evaluation is an essential component of drug discovery and should be conducted early in the process so that those compounds with the best chance of success are prioritized and progressed. However, pharmacokinetic analysis has become a serious bottleneck during the 'hit-to-lead' and lead optimization phases due to the availability of new targets and the large numbers of compounds resulting from advances in synthesis and screening technologies. Cassette dosing, which involves the simultaneous administration of several compounds to a single animal followed by rapid sample analysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, was developed to increase the throughput of in vivo pharmacokinetic screening. Although cassette dosing is advantageous in terms of resources and throughput, there are possible complications associated with this approach, such as the potential for compound interactions. Following an overview of the cassette dosing literature, this article focuses on the application of the technique in anticancer drug discovery. Specific examples are discussed, including the evaluation of cassette dosing to assess pharmacokinetic properties in the development of cyclin-dependent kinase and heat shock protein 90 inhibitors. Subject to critical analysis and validation in each case, the use of cassette dosing is recommended in appropriate chemical series to enhance the efficiency of drug discovery and reduce animal usage.
Refractive index of air: new equations for the visible and near infrared (1996)

The precision of modern length interferometry and geodetic surveying far exceeds the accuracy, which is ultimately limited by the inadequacy of currently used equations for the refractive index of the atmosphere. I have critically reviewed recent research at the National Physical Laboratory, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, and elsewhere that has led to revised formulas and data for the dispersion and density of the major components of the atmosphere. I have combined selected formulas from these sources to yield a set of equations that match recently reported measurements to within the experimental error, and that are expected to be reliable over very wide ranges of atmospheric parameters and wavelength.
Drilling Maximum-Reservoir-Contact Wells in the Shaybah Field (2004)

This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 85307, "Challenges and Achievements of Drilling Maximum- Reservoir-Contact Wells in the Shaybah Field," by A.S. Dossary, Saudi Aramco, and A.A. Mahgoub, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2003 SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference &amp; Exhibition, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 20-22 October.
Role of glucagon-like peptides in inflammatory bowel diseases—current knowledge and future perspectives (2019)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic, relapsing, intestinal inflammatory disorders with complex and yet unrevealed pathogenesis in which genetic, immunological, and environmental factors play a role. Nowadays, a higher proportion of elderly IBD patients with coexisting conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes is recorded, who require more complex treatment and became a great challenge for gastroenterologists. Furthermore, some patients do not respond to anti-IBD therapy. These facts, together with increasing comorbidities in patients with IBD, imply that urgent, more complex, novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment are needed. Glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) possess numerous functions in the human body such as lowering blood glucose level, controlling body weight, inhibiting gastric emptying, reducing food ingestion, increasing crypt cell proliferation, and improving intestinal growth and nutrient absorption. Thus, GLPs and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors have recently gained attention in IBD research. Several animal models showed that treatment with GLPs may lead to improvement of colitis. This review presents data on the multitude effects of GLPs in the inflammatory intestinal diseases and summarizes the current knowledge on GLPs, which have the potential to become a novel therapeutic option in IBD therapy.
A canine model of cutaneous late‐phase reactions: prednisolone inhibition of cellular and cytokine responses (2005)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated late-phase reactions can be induced in atopic humans by intradermal injection of relevant allergens or anti-IgE antibodies. The histology of these reactions resembles that of naturally occurring atopic dermatitis. Strikingly similar responses can be induced in dogs, suggesting that a canine model could prove valuable for preclinical investigation of drugs targeting late-phase reactions. This study was designed to characterize the cellular, cytokine and chemokine responses after intradermal anti-IgE injection in untreated and prednisolone-treated dogs. Normal beagles were untreated or treated with prednisolone before intradermal injection of polyclonal rabbit anti-canine IgE or normal rabbit IgG. Biopsies were taken before injection and 6, 24 and 48 hr after injection. Samples were evaluated by histological and immunohistochemical staining, as well as by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Dermal eosinophil and neutrophil numbers increased dramatically within 6 hr after injection of rabbit anti-canine IgE, and remained moderately elevated at 48 hr. The numbers of CD1c(+) and CD3(+) mononuclear cells were also increased at 6 hr. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated marked increases in mRNA expression for interleukin-13 (IL-13), CCL2, CCL5 and CCL17. Levels of mRNA for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-gamma did not change within the limits of detection. Prednisolone administration suppressed the influx of neutrophils, eosinophils, CD1c(+) and CD3(+) cells, as well as expression of IL-13, CCL2, CCL5 and CCL17. These data document the cytokine and chemokine responses to anti-IgE injection in canine skin, and they demonstrate the ability of the model to characterize the anti-inflammatory effects of a known therapeutic agent.
Practical Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Substituted-β-amino Esters (2005)

[reaction: see text] A practical, large-scale synthesis of a beta-amino ester 1 was developed. A chiral imine derived from (S)-phenylglycinol and 3-trimethylsilylpropanal was coupled with the Reformatsky reagent 3 with high diastereoselectivity (de > 98%) to give (SS)-4a as the major isomer. The amino alcohol residue of the coupling product 4 was oxidatively cleaved with sodium periodate in the presence of methylamine. An unusual selective oxidative cleavage of the (SS)-isomer was observed and the imine 6 was obtained with ee > 99% while the (RS)-4b isomer was not cleaved. Reaction with p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate allowed for the hydrolysis of the imine and the isolation of the amine as its salt. The title compound 1 was then obtained by transesterification, desilylation, and hydrochloride salt formation in a one-pot process. The method was successfully applied toward the synthesis of a wide variety of beta-amino esters.
Synthesis and Screening of an Oroidin Library against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms (2008)

A 50-compound library based on the marine natural product oroidin was synthesized and assayed for anti-biofilm activity against PAO1 and PA14, two strains of the medically relevant gamma-proteobacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Through structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of analogues based on the oroidin template, several conclusions can be drawn as to what structural properties of the synthetic derivatives are necessary to elicit a biological response. Notably, the most active analogues identified were those that contained a 2-aminoimidazole (2-AI) motif and a dibrominated pyrrolecarboxamide subunit. Here we disclose the synthesis and subsequently determined biological activity of this unique class of compounds as inhibitors of biofilm formation that have no direct antibiotic effect.
Subtilisin-like Proprotein Convertase Expression, Localization, and Activity in the Human Retina and Optic Nerve Head (2009)

These results indicate that the SPCs are expressed in distinct patterns throughout the human retina and ONH. PC1 and PC2 were primarily expressed in neurons, whereas PACE4 appeared to be largely restricted to glia. Thus, elevated PACE4 may modulate the bioactivity of proteins secreted in the ONH and retina.