gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A matrix representation of the potential second-rank gradient tensor for local modelling (1985)

This paper introduces a new matrix computationai approach to the local determination of gravity gradients, convenient for comparing with gradient signals from moving base gradiometer systems or calculating topographic effects at instrument heights. The method represents a practical alternative to the more conventional spherical harmonics formulation, primarily global in nature, and it may be considered as an extension to other previously used local representations, such as point masses. Important characteristics of the analytical development outlined herein are its conceptual simplicity and the possibility of obtaining at once, up to a certain order n, and in an arbitrary Cartesian coordinate system, the symmetric point gradient tensor of second rank.
Alteration in T lymphocyte sub population in lambs experimentally infected with contagious pustular dermatitis virus (2001)

The present investigation was carried out to determine the role of CD4+, CD8+ T cells and MHC class II + cells in the peripheral blood of lambs experimentally infected with CPD virus. A group of five lambs serologically negative for CPD virus antibodies were infected with CPD virus scab suspension whereas three lambs were kept as control group. The alteration in proportions of immune component cells (CD4+, CD8+ and MHC II+) was studied in peripheral blood collected at weekly intervals from lambs of both the groups hy indirect immunoperoxidase staining method using subset specific monoclonal antibodies. A significant rise in proportions of CD4+ T lymphocytes was detected on day 7, 14 and 21 post infection. The significant rise in CD8+ T lymphocytes was observed on day 14 and 21 post infection. The proportions of MHC II+ cells were found to be significantly higher on day 7 post infection. The role of these findings is discussed.
Use of a Multitarget Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assay to Diagnose Bladder Cancer in Patients With Hematuria (2006)

The UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization assay is significantly more sensitive than voided cytology for detecting bladder cancer in patients evaluated for gross or microscopic hematuria for all grades and stages. Based on these data UroVysion was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in patients with hematuria.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER (1990)

Journal Article EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER Get access JENNIFER L. KELSEY, JENNIFER L. KELSEY Division of Epidemiology, Columbia University School of Public HealthNew York, NY Dr. Jennifer L. Kelsey, Division of Epidemiology, Columbia University School of Public Health, 600 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARILIE D. GAMMON MARILIE D. GAMMON Division of Epidemiology, Columbia University School of Public HealthNew York, NY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Epidemiologic Reviews, Volume 12, Issue 1, 1990, Pages 228–240, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036056 Published: 01 March 1990 Article history Published: 01 March 1990 Received: 20 March 1990 Revision received: 01 May 1990
Bmp4 is required for the generation of primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo (1999)

In many organisms the allocation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) is determined by the inheritance of maternal factors deposited in the egg. However, in mammals, inductive cell interactions are required around gastrulation to establish the germ line. Here, we show that Bmp4 homozygous null embryos contain no PGCs. They also lack an allantois, an extraembryonic mesodermal tissue derived, like the PGCs, from precursors in the proximal epiblast. Heterozygotes have fewer PGCs than normal, due to a reduction in the size of the founding population and not to an effect on its subsequent expansion. Analysis of beta-galactosidase activity in Bmp4(lacZneo) embryos reveals that prior to gastrulation, Bmp4 is expressed in the extraembryonic ectoderm. Later, Bmp4 is expressed in the extraembryonic mesoderm, but not in PGCs. Chimera analysis indicates that it is the Bmp4 expression in the extraembryonic ectoderm that regulates the formation of allantois and primordial germ cell precursors, and the size of the founding population of PGCs. The initiation of the germ line in the mouse therefore depends on a secreted signal from the previously segregated, extraembryonic, trophectoderm lineage.
Controlled formation of multiple Taylor cones in electrospinning process (2007)

Electrospinning is a versatile technique for preparation of micro- and nanoscale fibers using polymer solutions. The study presented here describes an observation of multiple Taylor cones in electrospinning processes. Plausible physical models explaining the formation and modeling of multiple Taylor cones in terms of the process and polymer solution parameters are presented. A thorough understanding of the process will lead to the preparation of fibers by design, system on fibers, and e-textiles having applications ranging from biomedical devices, environmental pollution and prevention, to global security and defense.
Head and neck cancer symposium (2002)

Professor of Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas USA Correspondence to Merrill S. Kies, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 432, Houston, TX 77030, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
Design for debug: catching design errors in digital chips (2002)

For large, complex ICs, engineers need efficient techniques for debugging first silicon. The system presented here consists of an on-chip debug infrastructure and supporting debugger software,which interacts with the infrastructure to make the chip's features accessible through a serial interface.
Single‐chain Fvs (1995)

Single-chain Fvs (sFvs) are recombinant antibody fragments consisting of only the variable light chain (VL) and variable heavy chain (VH) domains covalently connected to one another by a polypeptide linker. Due to their small size, sFvs have rapid pharmacokinetics and tumor penetration in vivo. Single-chain Fvs also show a concentration-dependent tendency to oligomerize. Bivalent sFvs are formed when the variable domains of a sFv disassociate from one another and reassociate with the variable domains of a second sFv. Similar rearrangement and reassociation of variable domains from different sFvs can result in the formation of trimers or higher multimeric oligomers. Each Fv in a bivalent or multivalent Fv is composed of the VL domain from one sFv and the VH domain from a second sFv. Modifying linker length or the inclusion of antigen may stabilize the VL/VH interface against rearrangement such that specific multimeric or monomeric forms of sFvs may be isolated. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies have shown that McPC603-derived Fv and sFvs have similar structures, and that the sFv linker is a rapidly moving, highly flexible peptide with a random coil-like structure. In X-ray crystallographic investigations of three different sFvs, linkers have also been found to be disordered. Indirect evidence suggests that a monomeric sFv has been crystallized in one case, and dimeric sFvs in the other two.
Modified (PNA, 2'-O-methyl and phosphoramidate) anti-TAR antisense oligonucleotides as strong and specific inhibitors of in vitro HIV-1 reverse transcription (1998)

Natural beta-phosphodiester 16mer and 15mer antisense oligonucleotides targeted against the HIV-1 and HIV-2 TAR RNAs respectively were previously described as sequence-specific inhibitors of in vitro retroviral reverse transcription. In this work, we tested chemically modified oligonucleotide analogues: alpha-phosphodiester, phosphorothioate, methylphosphonate, peptide nucleic acid or PNA, 2'- o -methyl and (N3'-P5') phosphoramidate versions of the 16mer anti-TAR oligonucleotide. PNA, 2'- O -methyl and (N3'-P5') phosphoramidate oligomers showed a strong inhibitory effect compared with the unmodified 16mer, with reverse transcription inhibition (IC50) values in the nanomolar range. The inhibition was sequence-specific, as scrambled and mismatched control oligonucleotides were not able to inhibit cDNA synthesis. No direct binding of the 2'- O -methyl, PNA or (N3'-P5') phosphoramidate anti-TAR oligonucleotides to the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase was observed. The higher T m obtained with 2'- O -methyl, (N3'-P5') phosphoramidate and PNA molecules concerning the annealing with the stem-loop structure of the TAR RNA, in comparison with the beta-phosphodiester oligonucleotides, is correlated with their high inhibitory effect on reverse transcription.
Calcineurin acts through theCRZ1/TCN1-encoded transcription factor to regulate gene expression in yeast (1997)

Calcineurin is a conserved Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase that plays a critical role in Ca2+ signaling. We describe new components of a calcineurin-mediated response in yeast, the Ca2+-induced transcriptional activation of FKS2, which encodes a beta-1,3 glucan synthase. A 24-bp region of the FKS2 promoter was defined as sufficient to confer calcineurin-dependent transcriptional induction on a minimal promoter in response to Ca2+ and was named CDRE (for calcineurin-dependent response element). The product of CRZ1 (YNL027w) was identified as an activator of CDRE-driven transcription. Crz1p contains zinc finger motifs and binds specifically to the CDRE. Genetic analysis revealed that crz1Delta mutant cells exhibit several phenotypes similar to those of calcineurin mutants and that overexpression of CRZ1 in calcineurin mutants suppressed these phenotypes. These results suggest that Crz1p functions downstream of calcineurin to effect multiple calcineurin-dependent responses. Moreover, the calcineurin-dependent transcriptional induction of FKS2 in response to Ca2+, alpha-factor, and Na+ was found to require CRZ1. In addition, we found that the calcineurin-dependent transcriptional regulation of PMR2 and PMC1 required CRZ1. However, transcription of PMR2 and PMC1 was activated by only a subset of the treatments that activated FKS2 transcription. Thus, in response to multiple signals, calcineurin acts through the Crz1p transcription factor to differentially regulate the expression of several target genes in yeast.
Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (Calsporin) Improves Live Performance and Microbiological Status of Broiler Chickens (2000)

Two trials of identical design were conducted to evaluate the effects of inclusion of 30 g/ton Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (Calsporin) from 1 to 42 days on live performance and carcass microbiological status of broiler chickens. Broilers were grown with the treated and control birds physically separated and using different groups of caretakers to prevent cross-contamination. The combined results indicated that inclusion of Calsporin yielded a significant (P≤.05) increase in 42-day body weight and improvement in feed conversion during the 21- to 42-day period. Over both studies, significant (P≤.05) reductions in aerobic plate count, coliforms (non E. coli), and Campylobacter on processed carcasses were observed. All 94 pre-chill carcasses of birds fed the control diet were positive for Salmonella, while 41 of 96 carcasses of birds fed Calsporin were positive. Results of the present study and other recent reports demonstrate that inclusion of certain Bacillus spp. in poultry diets may improve live performance of broilers in the absence of antibiotics and may contribute to on-farm pathogen reduction.
Silane Modification of Cellulose Acetate Dense Films as Materials for Acid Gas Removal (2013)

The modification of cellulose acetate (CA) films via grafting of vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) to −OH groups, with subsequent condensation of hydrolyzed methoxy groups on the silane to form a polymer network is presented. The technique is referred to as GCV-modification. The modified material maintains similar H2S/CH4 and CO2/CH4 selectivities compared to the unmodified material; however the pure CO2 and H2S permeabilities are 139 and 165 barrers, respectively, which are more than an order of magnitude higher than the neat polymer. The membranes were tested at feed pressures of up to 700 psia in a ternary 20 vol. %H2S/20 vol. % CO2/60 vol. % CH4 mixture. Even under aggressive feed conditions, GCV-modified CA showed comparable selectivities and significantly higher permeabilities. Furthermore, GCV-modified membrane had a lower Tg, lower crystallinity, and higher flexibility than neat CA. The higher flexibility is due to the vinyl substituent provided by VTMS, thereby reducing brittleness, which could be helpful in an asymmetric membrane structure.
Standard transition aluminas. Electron microscopy studies (2000)

The aim of this paper is to present the results of characterization of the particle shapes of six standard transition aluminas samples using transmission and scanning electron microscopies; selected area electron diffraction, in parallel with X-ray powder diffraction were used for confirmation of the different transition aluminas types. The transition aluminas - chi; kappa; gamma; theta; delta; and eta were supplied by ALCOA Central Laboratory. The chi-; kappa-;gamma- and delta-Al(2)0(3) microcrystals are pseudomorphs from their respective precursors gibbsite and boehmite. However, theta-Al(2)0(3) microcrystals are not pseudomorphs after the standard delta-Al(2)0(3) sample. Also, eta-Al(2)0(3) are not pseudomorphs after bayerite somatoids.
Using a perception-based frequency scale in waveform interpolation (2002)

In speech coding it is important to focus the coding effort on the perceptually important features of the speech signal. This paper describes new quantization techniques which take advantage of current knowledge of human perception in speech coders. The new procedures exploit the frequency-dependent frequency resolution of the human auditory system. The methods are applied to the waveform interpolation (WI) coder, and their effectiveness is confirmed with experimental results. The principles described in the paper are not restricted to the WI coder, but are also applicable to many other speech coding algorithms.
21.7 A 1.8mW PLL-free channelized 2.4GHz ZigBee receiver utilizing fixed-LO temperature-compensated FBAR resonator (2014)

This paper presents an ultra-low-power 2.4GHz receiver for the IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) standard. Traditional short-range ISM-band radios require a PLL-based frequency synthesizer for channelization across the band of interest [1-3]. The lowest ZigBee power consumption found in the literature to date is 1.6mW (RX) and 1.8mW (PLL) by employing a sliding-IF architecture [1]. [4] proposes a BAW-based 2.4GHz ZigBee receiver that saves power by eliminating the off-chip quartz crystal with super-high IF architecture; however, 8.2mW DC power is consumed since a low frequency LC-PLL is necessary for channel select tuning. The Blixer in [5] reduced the RX DC power through current re-use; however, the LO generator suffers from high power consumption due to the high-frequency quadrature LO.
Comparison of fluorinated polymers against stainless steel, glass and polypropylene in microbial biofilm adherence and removal (1997)

Biofilm formation is a long-standing problem in ultrapure water and bioprocess fluid transport lines. The standard materials used in these applications (316L stainless steel, polypropylene and glass) have long been known to be good surfaces for the attachment of bacteria and other biological materials. To compare the relative tenacity of biofilms grown on materials used in manufacturing processes, a model system for biofilm attachment was constructed that approximates the conditions in industrial process systems. New fluorinated polymers were compared to the above materials by evaluating the surface area coverage of bacterial populations on materials before and after mild chemical treatment. In addition, contact angle studies compared the relative hydrophobicity of surfaces to suspensions of bacteria in growth media, and scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies were used to characterize surface smoothness and surface defects. Biofilm adherence to polymer-based substrata was determined to be a function of both surface finish and surface chemistry. Specifically, materials that are less chemically reactive, as indicated by higher contact angle, can have rougher surface finishes and still be amenable to biofilm removal.
Noise analysis and reduction in solid-state nanopores (2007)

The electrical noise characteristics of ionic current through organic and synthetic nanopores have been investigated. Comparison to proteinaceous alpha-Hemolysin pores reveals two dominant noise sources in silicon nitride nanometre-scale pores: a high-frequency noise associated with the capacitance of the silicon support chip (dielectric noise), and a low-frequency current fluctuation with 1/fα characteristics (flicker noise). We present a technique for reducing the dielectric noise by curing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on the nanopore support chip. This greatly improves the performance of solid-state nanopore devices, yielding an unprecedented signal-to-noise ratio when observing dsDNA translocation events and ssDNA probe capture for force spectroscopy applications.
Alternative Plasmonic Materials: Beyond Gold and Silver (2013)

Materials research plays a vital role in transforming breakthrough scientific ideas into next-generation technology. Similar to the way silicon revolutionized the microelectronics industry, the proper materials can greatly impact the field of plasmonics and metamaterials. Currently, research in plasmonics and metamaterials lacks good material building blocks in order to realize useful devices. Such devices suffer from many drawbacks arising from the undesirable properties of their material building blocks, especially metals. There are many materials, other than conventional metallic components such as gold and silver, that exhibit metallic properties and provide advantages in device performance, design flexibility, fabrication, integration, and tunability. This review explores different material classes for plasmonic and metamaterial applications, such as conventional semiconductors, transparent conducting oxides, perovskite oxides, metal nitrides, silicides, germanides, and 2D materials such as graphene. This review provides a summary of the recent developments in the search for better plasmonic materials and an outlook of further research directions.
Synthesis of (−)‐Okilactomycin by a Prins‐Type Fragment‐Assembly Strategy (2011)

All things converge: A highly convergent synthesis of (−)-okilactomycin utilizes a Prins-type Maitland–Japp cyclization for the fragment assembly of two complex intermediates (see scheme). The synthesis also employs a highly diastereoselective Lewis acid promoted Diels–Alder reaction and an olefin ring-closing metathesis to close a strained 11-membered macrocycle.
A three-dimensional reconstruction of the human brain stem (1982)

✓ Advances in computer technology and color graphics have been applied to the sections in a stereotaxic atlas of the human brain stem to enable three-dimensional reconstructions of nuclei and tracts. Techniques for viewing the reconstructed brain stem from multiple directions and in stereo have been achieved. The application of these methods and the use of color graphics are discussed with respect to stereotaxic surgery and computer dissection in neuroanatomical studies.
Differential Effects of Natriuretic Peptide Stimulation on Tissue-Engineered Cartilage (2008)

Tissue engineering is a promising approach for articular cartilage repair; however, it still has proven a challenge to produce substantial quantities of tissue from the limited number of cells that can be extracted from a single individual. Although several approaches have been investigated to enhance the production of cartilaginous tissue in vitro, relatively few techniques exist to reliably increase the population of cells needed for this approach. Alternatively, a single modulator of chondrocyte function, such as the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), may serve to address both of these issues. CNP is expressed in the growth plate and regulates cartilage growth through chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of CNP stimulation on tissue-engineered cartilage. Isolated bovine articular chondrocytes were seeded on Millicell filters and cultured in the presence of CNP (10 pM to 10 nM) for 4 weeks. Stimulation with CNP resulted in differential effects depending on the dose of the peptide. Low doses of CNP (10 to 100 pM) elicited chondrocyte proliferation with a maximal response observed at 100 pM (43% increase in cellularity). However, high doses of CNP (10 nM) stimulated matrix deposition (36% and 137% increase in proteoglycans and collagen) without an associated change in tissue cellularity. CNP stimulation also downregulated the expression of type X collagen, an early hypertrophic marker associated with endochondral ossification. Thus, by regulating the dose of CNP, it may be possible to produce engineered tissue from the limited number of cells that can be reasonably extracted from a single individual for therapeutic purposes.
On-line detection of the number of narrowband signals with a uniform linear array (2008)

For any practical direction estimation and tracking system in array processing, estimating the number of incident sig-nals accurately and tracking its possible changes in an on-line way is a critical requirement. In this paper, a new QR-based adaptive detection algorithm is proposed to estimate the co-herent/incoherent narrowband signals impinging on a uni-form linear array (ULA), where the updating of eigenvalues and the threshold setting are avoided. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through numerical examples, and simulation results show that the proposed method has good detection performance to track the number of suddenly appearing/disappearing incident signals or that of closely-spaced signals with time-varying directions. 1.
Epidermal Growth Factor Immunoreactive Material in the Central Nervous System: Location and Development (1984)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent mitogen with hormonal activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Material cross-reacting with EGF was detected in the central nervous system of the developing and adult albino rat by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. High concentrations of EGF-cross-reacting material were identified in forebrain and midbrain structures of pallidal areas of the brain. These include the globus pallidus, ventral pallidum, entopeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the islands of Calleja . Thus, EGF may represent another gut-brain peptide with potential neurotransmitter-neuromodulator functions in pallidal structures of the extrapyramidal motor systems of the brain.