gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 7/2008 (2008)

Cover: Uniform and continuous polyelectrolyte tubular nanostructures containing linear features of ferritin nanoparticles were directly fabricated using coaxial electrospinning of two immiscible solutions. The TEM images on the cover page indicate the different diameters of the ferritin one dimensional arrays and polymer tubular nanostructures formed by adjusting the concentration of the polymer solution. A schematic illustration is given below each TEM image. Further details can be found in the article by M. S. Kim, K. M. Shin, S. I. Kim, G. M. Spinks, and S. J. Kim * on page 552.
Comparison of UV-Induced Inactivation and RNA Damage in MS2 Phage across the Germicidal UV Spectrum (2015)

Polychromatic UV irradiation is a common method of pathogen inactivation in the water treatment industry. To improve its disinfection efficacy, more information on the mechanisms of UV inactivation on microorganisms at wavelengths throughout the germicidal UV spectrum, particularly at below 240 nm, is necessary. This work examined UV inactivation of bacteriophage MS2, a common surrogate for enteric pathogens, as a function of wavelength. The bacteriophage was exposed to monochromatic UV irradiation from a tunable laser at wavelengths of between 210 nm and 290 nm. To evaluate the mechanisms of UV inactivation throughout this wavelength range, RT-qPCR (reverse transcription-quantitative PCR) was performed to measure genomic damage for comparison with genomic damage at 253.7 nm. The results indicate that the rates of RNA damage closely mirror the loss of viral infectivity across the germicidal UV spectrum. This demonstrates that genomic damage is the dominant cause of MS2 inactivation from exposure to germicidal UV irradiation. These findings contrast those for adenovirus, for which MS2 is used as a viral surrogate for validating polychromatic UV reactors.
Purification of a factor inducing differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic M1 cells from conditioned medium of mouse fibroblast L929 cells. (1984)

A procedure is described for purification of a factor (D-factor)-inducing differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cells (M1) into macrophages from serum-free mouse L929 cell-conditioned medium. The procedure included ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-200 and phenyl-Sepharose column chromatographies, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a C18 hydrophobic support, and high-performance liquid chromatography on a gel-filtration column. The purified factor gave a single band of protein with a molecular weight of 62,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which coincided with biological activity. Its half-maximal concentration for inducing differentiation of M1 cells into macrophages was 1.7 X 10(-11) M. Even at 2.6 X 10(-9) M, it did not induce colony formation of normal bone marrow cells, suggesting that it was distinct from the growth factor for normal precursors of macrophages and/or granulocytes.
Bromophenol Blue Staining of Tumors in a Rat Glioma Model (2005)

We conclude that BPB helped visualize experimental tumors at time points from a few minutes to several hours after injection. Because BPB also proved to be nontoxic to the animals at effective concentrations, we believe the compound may be potentially useful in helping neurosurgeons visualize brain tumors in humans.
Lipidic peptides, I. Synthesis, resolution and structural elucidation of lipidic amino acids and their homo‐ and hetero‐oligomers (1990)

Abstract The α‐amino acids with long alkyl side chains, the so‐called lipidic amino acids 1a – e , and their homo‐oligomers, the lipidic peptides 1p – aj , represent a class of compounds which combine the structural properties of peptides and proteins with the characteristics of lipids and membranes. The amino acids were synthesised from the appropriate alkyl bromide and diethyl acetamidomalonate. Resolution was made chemically, by forming diastereomers of the amino acid esters with an optically pure α‐pinene derivative. The protected homooligomers were synthesised in solution with the assistance of a water‐soluble carbodiimide coupling agent. In order to modify the physical and chemical properties of the peptides, a series of protected hetero‐oligomers were prepared, by similar methods, incorporating either other amino acids ( 3a – d , 7a – i ) or side‐chain‐substituted lipidic amino acids ( 6a – d ).
Towards fine-grained radio-based indoor location (2012)

Location systems are key to a rich experience for mobile users. When they roam outdoors, mobiles can usually count on a clear GPS signal for an accurate location, but indoors, GPS usually fades, and so up until recently, mobiles have had to rely mainly on rather coarse-grained signal strength readings for location. What has changed this status quo is the recent trend of dramatically increasing numbers of antennas at the indoor AP, mainly to bolster capacity and coverage with multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. In the near future, the number of antennas at the access point will increase several-fold, to meet increasing demands for wireless capacity with MIMO links, spatial division multiplexing, and interference management. We thus observe an opportunity to revisit the important problem of localization with a fresh perspective. This paper presents the design and experimental evaluation of ArrayTrack, an indoor location system that uses MIMO-based techniques to track wireless clients in real time as they roam about a building. We prototype ArrayTrack on a WARP platform, emulating the capabilities of an inexpensive 802.11 wireless access point. Our results show that ArrayTrack can pinpoint 33 clients spread out over an indoor office environment to within a 36 cm location accuracy.
Preemptive information extraction using unrestricted relation discovery (2006)

We are trying to extend the boundary of Information Extraction (IE) systems. Existing IE systems require a lot of time and human effort to tune for a new scenario. Preemptive Information Extraction is an attempt to automatically create all feasible IE systems in advance without human intervention. We propose a technique called Unrestricted Relation Discovery that discovers all possible relations from texts and presents them as tables. We present a preliminary system that obtains reasonably good results.
Anemia and Neutropenia in a Case of Copper Deficiency: Role of Copper in Normal Hematopoiesis (1992)

We present a patient who developed severe anemia and neutropenia after receiving parenteral nutrition for 2.5 years. The serum levels of copper and ceruloplasmin were low, and the bone marrow showed the presence of ringed sideroblasts and vacuolated immature cells. The administration of copper chloride by bolus injection led to a rapid improvement in anemia and neutropenia. The number of progenitor cells (colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage and erythrocyte) present before the copper supplementation was well preserved. It is therefore suggested that copper enzymes play an important role in the maturation of hematopoietic cells.
An efficient solution to the five-point relative pose problem (2004)

An efficient algorithmic solution to the classical five-point relative pose problem is presented. The problem is to find the possible solutions for relative camera pose between two calibrated views given five corresponding points. The algorithm consists of computing the coefficients of a tenth degree polynomial in closed form and, subsequently, finding its roots. It is the first algorithm well-suited for numerical implementation that also corresponds to the inherent complexity of the problem. We investigate the numerical precision of the algorithm. We also study its performance under noise in minimal as well as overdetermined cases. The performance is compared to that of the well-known 8 and 7-point methods and a 6-point scheme. The algorithm is used in a robust hypothesize-and-test framework to estimate structure and motion in real-time with low delay. The real-time system uses solely visual input and has been demonstrated at major conferences.
Glucagon-like peptide isolated from the eel intestine: effects on atrial beating (2001)

A new glucagon-like peptide was isolated from the intestine of the eel Anguilla japonica. The primary structure was determined by sequence analysis after cleavage with lysyl endopeptidase, quantitative amino acid analysis and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry as HSQGTFTNDY(10)SKYLETRRAQ(20)DFVQWLMNSK(30)RSGGPT. Since its structure is similar to that of oxyntomodulins (OXMs) reported in various vertebrates, we named this peptide eel oxyntomodulin (eOXM). We found that eOXM enhanced the contractile force and the beating rate of the eel atrium in a dose-dependent manner. These effects of eOXM were not inhibited by betaxolol, a beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, indicating that the actions of eOXM were independent of those of adrenaline. eOXM enhanced the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration of the myocardium. The contractility of the eel atrium was greatly reduced after omitting Ca(2+) from the bathing medium or after treatment with verapamil, a Ca(2+) channel blocker. After inhibiting Ca(2+) entry under these conditions, the inotropic effect of eOXM was markedly reduced, but the chronotropic effect was not altered significantly. These results indicate that the inotropic effect of eOXM is via a stimulation of Ca(2+) influx but that the chronotropic effect may be independent of extracellular Ca(2+).
LOCO-I: a low complexity, context-based, lossless image compression algorithm (2002)

LOCO-I (low complexity lossless compression for images) is a novel lossless compression algorithm for continuous-tone images which combines the simplicity of Huffman coding with the compression potential of context models, thus "enjoying the best of both worlds." The algorithm is based on a simple fixed context model, which approaches the capability of the more complex universal context modeling techniques for capturing high-order dependencies. The model is tuned for efficient performance in conjunction with a collection of (context-conditioned) Huffman codes, which is realized with an adaptive, symbol-wise, Golomb-Rice code. LOCO-I attains, in one pass, and without recourse to the higher complexity arithmetic coders, compression ratios similar or superior to those obtained with state-of-the-art schemes based on arithmetic coding. In fact, LOCO-I is being considered by the ISO committee as a replacement for the current lossless standard in low-complexity applications.
On optimal hierarchy of load-bearing biological materials (2010)

Load-bearing biological materials such as shell, mineralized tendon and bone exhibit two to seven levels of structural hierarchy based on constituent materials (biominerals and proteins) of relatively poor mechanical properties. A key question that remains unanswered is what determines the number of hierarchical levels in these materials. Here we develop a quasi-self-similar hierarchical model to show that, depending on the mineral content, there exists an optimal level of structural hierarchy for maximal toughness of biocomposites. The predicted optimal levels of hierarchy and cooperative deformation across multiple structural levels are in excellent agreement with experimental observations.
The Case for Adjuvant Therapy for Prostate Cancer (2006)

Only through dedication to a multimodality approach with all disciplines, including surgical urology, radiation therapy and medical oncology, will the promise of adjuvant therapy for prostate cancer be fully realized.
Cold compaction molding and sintering of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (1980)

Abstract Cold Compaction Molding and Sintering of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been examined as a function of particle size, sintering time and temperature, and cooling rate. Properties nearly equivalent to those obtained by compression molding can be obtained from samples with a fibrous particle morphology, sintered just above the melting point, with further improvement possible by control of particle size and addition of fine particles of normal molecular weight linear polyethylene. UHMWPE with a nodular particle morphology sintered poorly.
Abnormal regulation of IFN-alpha, -beta, and -gamma expression in MAIDS, a murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome. (1988)

Mice infected with LP-BM5 murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) develop a syndrome with many features in common with AIDS including lymphadenopathy and profound immunodeficiency associated with enhanced susceptibility to infection and terminal B cell lymphomas. To evaluate cellular defects that may predispose infected mice to these sequelae, we studied the regulation of IFN gene expression. Spleen cells from mice infected with LP-BM5 MuLV expressed high levels of IFN-gamma mRNA by 1 wk post-inoculation and throughout the course of disease. By comparison, transcripts of IFN-alpha/beta genes were not detected in spleen cells at any time after infection. In uninfected mice, expression of IFN-alpha/beta genes is induced rapidly after infection with New-castle disease virus, but mice inoculated with LP-BM5 MuLV were unable to induce these genes by 4 wk after retroviral infection. Inhibition of IFN-alpha/beta induction due to LP-BM5 MuLV infection also occurred in nude mice, indicating this effect was not mediated by activated T cells. Furthermore, low levels of IFN-gamma transcripts were detected in spleens of nude infected mice, suggesting that cells other than T cells can express this gene. These results suggest that the normal contributions of IFN to control of microbial spread, immune surveillance, and lymphoid interactions are disrupted by infection with LP-BM5 MuLV.
High‐Throughput Automated Parallel Evaluation of Zinc‐Based Catalysts for the Copolymerization of CHO and CO2 to Polycarbonates (2004)

Abstract Summary: Copolymerization of CO 2 and oxiranes using high‐pressure autoclaves typically allows one experiment per reactor per day. As a high‐throughput approach for this chemistry would be extremely valuable, a parallel setup has been validated for the copolymerization of CO 2 and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) with two β ‐diiminato zinc complexes. Molecular weights, polydispersities and activities were found to be comparable with literature values. Polycarbonate from cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO 2 . magnified image Polycarbonate from cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO 2 .
Mass spectrometry‐based proteomics for the detection of plant pathogens (2006)

Plant diseases caused by fungi, oomycetes, viruses, and bacteria are devastating both to the economy and to the food supply of a nation. Therefore, the development of new, rapid methods to identify these pathogens is a highly important area of research that is of international concern. MS-based proteomics has become a powerful and increasingly popular approach to not only identify these pathogens, but also to better understand their biology. However, there is a distinction between identifying a pathogen protein and identifying a pathogen based upon the detection of one of its proteins and this must be considered before the general application of MS for plant pathogen detection is made. There has been a recent push in the proteomics community to make data from large-scale proteomics experiments publicly available in the form of a centralized repository. Such a resource could enable the use of MS as a universal plant pathogen detection technology.
Improved Synthesis of Pseudo-.beta.-D-fructopyranose, a Carbocyclic Monosaccharide from (-)-Quinic Acid (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved Synthesis of Pseudo-.beta.-D-fructopyranose, a Carbocyclic Monosaccharide from (-)-Quinic AcidDavid F. McComsey and Bruce E. MaryanoffCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 9, 2652–2654Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00088a065https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00088a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Heart rate variability. Frequency domain analysis. (1992)

Experience with frequency domain analysis over the past two decades strongly suggests that it represents a unique, noninvasive tool for achieving a more precise assessment of autonomic function in both the experimental and clinical settings. Available studies indicate that the significance of the HF component is far better understood than that of the lower frequency components. In general, it is considered to reflect vagal activity, and because it is readily manipulated pharmacologically, is used as a an index of that activity. However, some caution is required because this parameter also is strongly influenced by the degree of coupling between respiration and heart rate, which, in turn, reflects the intensity of the respiratory effort as well as of parasympathetic activity. Respiratory pattern also can significantly influence HF power. The use of controlled breathing minimizes these problems, improves reproducibility of test findings, and also facilitates quantitative comparisons. The situation with respect to LF power is more complicated because it is modulated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic outflows (see previous discussion) as well as by other factors, including baroreceptor activity. Therefore, LF analysis per se cannot afford a precise delineation of the state of sympathetic activation. Determinations of the LF/HF ratio, an index of sympathovagal balance both under control conditions and in conjunction with interventions that maximize sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, provide additional insights, as do correlations between spectral activity and direct nerve recordings, plasma norepinephrine concentrations, and radionuclide imaging of adrenergic nerves. Renewed interest has recently been evinced in frequencies lower than 0.04 Hz in view of reports that the VLF portion of the spectrum (0.01-0.04 Hz) reflects a purer form of sympathetic activity than does the LF band. Despite the potential applicability to clinical problems, only very little is known about the physiologic basis of the VLF and ULF bands. Further study is required. However, it is important to note that meaningful determinations of VLF and ULF power may be difficult because decreases in frequency to such low levels are associated with an increasing propensity to violate the rules governing power spectral determinations (see previous discussion and appendix), violations that diminish reliability despite the most sophisticated preprocessing. It is also noteworthy that the reliability of spectral power determinations diminishes with decreases in the power of the signal and of the signal-to-noise ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Spinal nerve lesion alters blood–spinal cord barrier function and activates astrocytes in the rat (2006)

Alterations in the spinal cord microenvironment in a neuropathic pain model in rats comprising right L-4 spinal nerve lesion were examined following 1, 2, 4 and 10 weeks using albumin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity. Rats subjected to nerve lesion showed pronounced activation of GFAP indicating astrocyte activation, and exhibited marked leakage of albumin, suggesting defects of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) function in the corresponding spinal cord segment. The intensities of these changes were most prominent in the gray matter of the lesioned side compared to the contralateral cord in both the dorsal and ventral horns. The most marked changes in albumin and GFAP immunoreaction were seen after 2 weeks and persisted with mild intensities even after 10 weeks. Distortion of nerve cells, loss of neurons and general sponginess were evident in the gray matter of the spinal cord corresponding to the lesion side. These nerve cell and glial cell changes was mainly evident in the areas showing leakage of endogenous albumin in the spinal cord. These novel observations indicate that chronic nerve lesion has the capacity to induce a selective increase in local BSCB permeability that could be instrumental in nerve cell and glial cell activation. These findings may be relevant to our current understanding on the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain.
Quantum Repeaters: The Role of Imperfect Local Operations in Quantum Communication (1998)

In quantum communication via noisy channels, the error probability scales exponentially with the length of the channel. We present a scheme of a quantum repeater that overcomes this limitation. The central idea is to connect a string of (imperfect) entangled pairs of particles by using a novel nested purification protocol, thereby creating a single distant pair of high fidelity. Our scheme tolerates general errors on the percent level, it works with a polynomial overhead in time and a logarithmic overhead in the number of particles that need to be controlled locally.
Reactive Arthritis (1995)

Reactive arthritis (ReA) develops after an infection elsewhere in the body, generally in the genitourinary or intestinal tract. Chlamydia trachomatis, Yersinia enterocolitica, salmonella, shigella, and campylobacter are frequent triggering agents. Between 60% and 90% of patients are positive for HLA-B27. The arthritis occurs within 4 weeks of the primary infection and is oligoarticular and asymmetric. Extra-articular manifestations include mucocutaneous symptoms, ocular inflammation, and urethritis. The average duration of arthritis is 4 to 5 months but two-thirds of patients have symptoms for more than a year. Bacterial antigens have been found in synovial specimens from patients with ReA, but cultures are sterile. The treatment of ReA comprises non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intra-articular steroid injections, and physical treatment. Short-term antibiotic treatment has no effect in manifest ReA, whereas a tendency to improvement has been seen with treatment over months, at least after chlamydia infection.
Single-cell Wnt signaling niches maintain stemness of alveolar type 2 cells (2018)

Alveoli, the lung's respiratory units, are tiny sacs where oxygen enters the bloodstream. They are lined by flat alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells, which mediate gas exchange, and AT2 cells, which secrete surfactant. Rare AT2s also function as alveolar stem cells. We show that AT2 lung stem cells display active Wnt signaling, and many of them are near single, Wnt-expressing fibroblasts. Blocking Wnt secretion depletes these stem cells. Daughter cells leaving the Wnt niche transdifferentiate into AT1s: Maintaining Wnt signaling prevents transdifferentiation, whereas abrogating Wnt signaling promotes it. Injury induces AT2 autocrine Wnts, recruiting "bulk" AT2s as progenitors. Thus, individual AT2 stem cells reside in single-cell fibroblast niches providing juxtacrine Wnts that maintain them, whereas injury induces autocrine Wnts that transiently expand the progenitor pool. This simple niche maintains the gas exchange surface and is coopted in cancer.