gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of l-carnitine on presbyacusis in the rat model (2004)

Reactive oxygen metabolites are products of oxidative metabolism that are continuously generated in vivo, and are known to produce serious cellular, tissue and genomic damage. l-carnitine is an endogenous amine that has been shown to have an effect on the synthesis of reactive oxygen metabolites. Twenty Wistar rats, 24 months of age, were randomly assigned to two groups as control and l-carnitine treatment groups. One millilitre of distilled water was administered to control rats and 50 mg/kg l-carnitine to rats of l-carnitine treatment groups by intragastric gavage once a day for 30 days. At the end of 30 days, all groups underwent auditory brainstem response testing after administration of intraperitoneal urethane anaesthesia. l-carnitine treatment reduced III, V latencies and I–III, III–V and I–V interpeak latencies (IPL) significantly compared with the control group. l-carnitine treatment improved age-related deterioration in auditory pathways and hence may be a new alternative for the treatment of presbyacusis.
A Lipid Nanoparticle System Improves siRNA Efficacy in RPE Cells and a Laser-Induced Murine CNV Model (2011)

PEG-LPH-NP may be a promising lipid nanoparticle system for the siRNA treatment of CNV.
Human amnion in the treatment of chronic ulceration of the legs (1983)

A prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of human amniotic membrane dressings in the treatment of chronic leg ulcers was conducted on 15 patients. Patients with two ulcers were selected. One ulcer was treated with human amnion and the other, treated with standard dressings, served as a control. The rate of healing of the two ulcers was observed and compared. Chronic ulcers of post-phlebitic, post-irradiation and post-burn origin responded to treatment with human amnion and healed more rapidly than the control ulcer. Ulcers associated with rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis showed no improvement. It was observed that all ulcers treated with human amnion quickly became pain-free.
Purification of Biologically Active Globin Messenger RNA by Chromatography on Oligothymidylic acid-Cellulose (1972)

A convenient technique for the partial purification of large quantities of functional, poly(adenylic acid)-rich mRNA is described. The method depends upon annealing poly(adenylic acid)-rich mRNA to oligothymidylic acid-cellulose columns and its elution with buffers of low ionic strength. Biologically active rabbit globin mRNA has been purified by this procedure and assayed for its ability to direct the synthesis of rabbit globin in a cell-free extract of ascites tumor. Inasmuch as various mammalian mRNAs appear to be rich in poly(adenylic acid) and can likely be translated in the ascites cell-free extract, this approach should prove generally useful as an initial step in the isolation of specific mRNAs.
Outcomes of Acute Phase Cognitive Therapy in Outpatients with Anxious versus Nonanxious Depression (2012)

Consistent with prior reports, anxious depressed patients presented with greater severity and, following CT, had lower response and remission rates on clinician-administered scales. However, anxious depressed patients improved more rapidly and response and remission rates on self-report measures were not significantly different from nonanxious depressed patients. Our findings suggest that anxious depressed patients may simply need additional time or more CT sessions to reach outcomes fully comparable to those of less anxious patients.
An Unholy Alliance: Cooperation between BRAF and NF1 in Melanoma Development and BRAF Inhibitor Resistance (2013)

In this issue of Cancer Discovery, 2 studies provide new evidence implicating loss of the tumor suppressor neurofibromin (NF1) in the biologic behavior of cutaneous melanoma. The first study from Maertens and colleagues describes a new transgenic mouse model in which mutant BRAF cooperates with NF1 loss to drive melanoma development through the abrogation of oncogene-induced senescence. The second, from Whittaker and colleagues, used a high-throughput short hairpin RNA screening approach to identify NF1 loss as a key mediator of acquired and intrinsic BRAF inhibitor resistance. Together these studies provide new insights into the signaling that underlies melanoma initiation and progression and suggests novel therapeutic strategies for patients whose melanomas are BRAF-mutant/NF1-deficient.
Enhanced Energy Confinement and Performance in a Low-Recycling Tokamak (2006)

Extensive lithium wall coatings and liquid lithium plasma-limiting surfaces reduce recycling, with dramatic improvements in Ohmic plasma discharges in the Current Drive Experiment-Upgrade. Global energy confinement times increase by up to 6 times. These results exceed confinement scalings such as ITER98P(y,1) by 2-3 times, and represent the largest increase in energy confinement ever observed for an Ohmic tokamak plasma. Measurements of Dalpha emission indicate that global recycling coefficients decrease to approximately 0.3, the lowest documented for a magnetically confined hydrogen plasma.
APPLICATION OF CATIONIC PROPYL GALLATE AS INDUCER OF THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION FOR EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIAGGREGATION THERAPY (2001)

In the group of 27 healthy volunteers we determined normal values of aggregability for individual inducers. Low stability of the used methods was proved (weak or insignificant correlation of results of the same method before and after administration of ASA). The most advantageous parameter for monitoring of effectiveness of 400 and 100 mg of ASA was CPG slope (paired t test, p < 0.00000002, resp. p < 0.001). The parameter of CPG slope we determined in both subgroups the cut-off value (< 53s), by means of which it is possible to discriminate probands according to ASA therapy (in contrast to other routinely used inducers). The obtained results indicate that measurement of thrombocyte aggregation after CPG induction reveals a significantly lower percentage of ASA non-responders ASA than after other inducers. Measurement of thrombocyte aggregation after CPG induction is predicted to be highly promising for monitoring the effectiveness of anti-aggregation therapy.
Igs from Patients with Graves’ Disease Induce the Expression of T Cell Chemoattractants in Their Fibroblasts (2002)

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and dermopathy are connective tissue manifestations of Graves' disease (GD). Tissue remodeling is a prominent feature of both and is apparently driven by recruited T cells. In this study, we report that IgG isolated from patients with GD (GD-IgG) up-regulates T lymphocyte chemoattractant activity in GD-derived fibroblasts from orbit, thyroid, and several regions of skin. This chemoattractant activity, absent in fibroblasts from donors without known thyroid disease, is partially susceptible to neutralization by anti-IL-16 and anti-RANTES Abs. IL-16 is a CD4(+)-specific chemoattractant and RANTES is a C-C-type chemokine. IL-16 and RANTES protein levels, as determined by specific ELISAs, are substantially increased by GD-IgG in GD fibroblasts. Addition of the macrolide, rapamycin, to fibroblast culture medium blocked the up-regulation by GD-IgG of IL-16, implicating the FRAP/mTOR/p70(s6k) pathway in the induction of IL-16 expression. These findings suggest a specific mechanism for activation of fibroblasts in GD resulting in the recruitment of T cells. They may provide insight into a missing link between the glandular and extrathyroidal manifestations of GD.
Video watercolorization using bidirectional texture advection (2007)

In this paper, we present a method for creating watercolor-like animation, starting from video as input. The method involves two main steps: applying textures that simulate a watercolor appearance; and creating a simplified, abstracted version of the video to which the texturing operations are applied. Both of these steps are subject to highly visible temporal artifacts, so the primary technical contributions of the paper are extensions of previous methods for texturing and abstraction to provide temporal coherence when applied to video sequences. To maintain coherence for textures, we employ texture advection along lines of optical flow. We furthermore extend previous approaches by incorporating advection in both forward and reverse directions through the video, which allows for minimal texture distortion, particularly in areas of disocclusion that are otherwise highly problematic. To maintain coherence for abstraction, we employ mathematical morphology extended to the temporal domain, using filters whose temporal extents are locally controlled by the degree of distortions in the optical flow. Together, these techniques provide the first practical and robust approach for producing watercolor animations from video, which we demonstrate with a number of examples.
Targeted gene correction of episomal DNA in mammalian cells mediated by a chimeric RNA.DNA oligonucleotide. (1996)

An experimental strategy to facilitate correction of single-base mutations of episomal targets in mammalian cells has been developed. The method utilizes a chimeric oligonucleotide composed of a contiguous stretch of RNA and DNA residues in a duplex conformation with double hairpin caps on the ends. The RNA/DNA sequence is designed to align with the sequence of the mutant locus and to contain the desired nucleotide change. Activity of the chimeric molecule in targeted correction was tested in a model system in which the aim was to correct a point mutation in the gene encoding the human liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase. When the chimeric molecule was introduced into cells containing the mutant gene on an extrachromosomal plasmid, correction of the point mutation was accomplished with a frequency approaching 30%. These results extend the usefulness of the oligonucleotide-based gene targeting approaches by increasing specific targeting frequency. This strategy should enable the design of antiviral agents.
On optimizing VLSI testing for product quality using die-yield prediction (1993)

An adaptive testing procedure that uses spatial defect clustering information and the available test results for neighboring dies to optimize test costs for VLSI testing is proposed. For the same average test costs, the approach shows the potential for better than a factor-of-two improvement in average defect levels. Perhaps more significantly, it allows the separation of high-quality circuits with defect levels more than order of magnitude better than the average for the production run. The proposal is orthogonal to all other approaches for improving defect levels and can be combined with them.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Antimicrobial Peptides Released by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hen Egg White Lysozyme (2004)

This work was aimed at the isolation, purification, and characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from chicken egg white lysozyme hydrolysate, obtained by peptic digestion and subsequent tryptic digestion. The hydrolysate was composed of over 20 small peptides of less than 1000 Da, and had no enzymatic activity. The water-soluble peptide mixture showed bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus 23-394) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli K-12). Two bacteriostatic peptides were purified and sequenced. One peptide, with the sequence Ile-Val-Ser-Asp-Gly-Asp-Gly-Met-Asn-Ala-Trp, inhibited Gram-negative bacteria E. coli K-12 and corresponded to amino acid residues 98-108, which are located in the middle part of the helix-loop-helix. Another novel antimicrobial peptide inhibited S. aureus 23-394 and was determined to have the sequence His-Gly-Leu-Asp-Asn-Tyr-Arg, corresponding to amino acid residues 15-21 of lysozyme. These peptides broadened the antimicrobial activity of lysozyme to include Gram-negative bacteria. The results obtained in this study indicate that lysozyme possesses nonenzymatic bacteriostatic domains in its primary sequence and they are released by proteolytic hydrolysis.
Handbook of Ecotoxicology (1997)

Part I: General Principles And Overview. 1. Freshwater Systems. Microbial Systems. Freshwater Primary Producers. Freshwater Invertebrate Toxicity Tests. Freshwater Fish. Freshwater Sediments. Freshwater Multispecies Test Systems. 2. Marine And Estuarine Systems. Primary Producers. Marine And Estuarine Invertebrate Toxicity Tests. Methods For Spawning, Culturing And Conducting Toxicity Tests With Early Life Stages Of Estuarine. And Marine Fishes. The Appropriate Uses Of Marine And Estuarine Sediment Bioassays. Marine And Estuarine Multispecies Test Systems. 3. Terrestrial Systems. Soil Invertebrates. Terrestrial Primary Producers. Insects, Spiders And Mites. Birds. Terrestrial Mammals. 4. General. Biodegradation. Bioaccumulation. In Situ Biological Monitoring Of Pollution In Terrestrial And Aquatic Ecosystems. Bioprobes And Biosensors. The Design And Analysis Of Concentration-Response Experiments. Part II: Introduction. 5. Chemical Categories. Gaseous Compounds. Metal Analysis. Heavy Metals. Organometallic Compounds In The Aquatic Environment. Detergents. Pesticides. Pcbs, Pcddds And Pcdfs. Oils And Hydrocarbons. Organic Pollution. 6. General. Complex Mixtures. The Octanol Water Partition Coefficient. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships. Fate Models. Glossary.
Content and buffer status aware packet scheduling and resource management framework for video streaming over LTE system (2017)

With the development of the video encoding and wireless communication technologies, DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP) services have an increasing and great share of all the mobile services. However, we find some problems which still need to be addressed for DASH service optimization: (1) the limitation of the video segment representations cannot keep pace with the change of wireless channel states; (2) the characteristics of the video transmission have been not fully utilized in current DASH services; and (3) long interruption time will yield poor QoE (Quality of Experience). To solve these problems, we build a new transmission architecture by modifying the traditional TCP transmission flow. We first add a TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) proxy responsible for discarding the expiry packets automatically before putting them into the TCP sending window and then build a “ACK (acknowledgement) reconstruction module” to reconstruct the received ACK for concealing the packets discarded by the packet scheduler. Based on the new framework, we explore the interdependence among all the packets from the encoder to indicate the importance of each packet and update the interdependence relationship of every scheduling period based on the feedback ACK information. At MAC (Media Access Control) layer, a buffer status estimation module is employed to estimate the client buffer and playback information, which can be used to calculate the packet urgency. Then, a cross-layer design, which consists of an application layer of media server and client, TCP layer, MAC layer, and physical layer, is formulated and the packet scheduling and resource allocation can be jointly optimized. At client, through the analysis of the status of client buffer and MAC queue, an adaptive segment request scheme is developed to determine how and when to send the segment request. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can efficiently improve the received video quality as well as the playback continuity compared with other existing algorithms.
Binding modes of distamycin A with d(CGCAAATTTGCG)2 determined by two-dimensional NMR (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding modes of distamycin A with d(CGCAAATTTGCG)2 determined by two-dimensional NMRJeffrey G. Pelton and David E. WemmerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4, 1393–1399Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00160a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00160a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views393Altmetric-Citations181LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Wavelet image coding with adaptive dead-zone selection: application to JPEG2000 (2003)

Several quantization options are provided within JPEG2000. Part I of the standard includes only uniform scalar deadzone quantization. The dead-zone is equal to two times the other quantization bin sizes. Part II includes both uniform scalar dead-zone and wavelet trellis coded quantization (WTCQ) which combines the characteristics of a scalar and vector quantization. In this work we develop an adaptive quantization technique for JPEG2000 coding scheme. Using a simple statistical model for the subband or transform coefficients, we present a procedure to select the adaptive dead-zone width. After the zeroing process, the wavelet coefficients are then quantized using WTCQ strategy. Experimental results show that the rate-distortion performance of the proposed compression algorithm compares favorably with the one provided by JPEG2000 standard.
Inflammatory Response in Alzheimer's Disease. (1994)

Microglia belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system. They represent the brain resident tissue macrophages and function as the scavenger cells in brain. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), microglia become activated. Reactive microglia aggregate around senile plaque beta-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles. Heavy accumulation of these pathological debris in postmortem, however, indicates the failure or, at best, partial success of the removal. It is supposed that continued activation of microglia in these lesions elicits a persistent inflammatory response. In fact, activation fragments of the complement system have been detected in association with beta-amyloid deposits and extracellular ghost tangles. Thrombin, a central serine protease of the coagulation pathway, is also deposited in these pathological debris. Both complements and thrombin could augment the biochemical, synthetic and phagocytic capacities of microglia. Microglia, in turn, might play a major role for the activation of complement and coagulation systems in brain. The available evidence strongly suggests a significant similarity between the chronic inflammation and the tissue response in AD lesions, supporting a notion that the inflammatory process is a part of Alzheimer pathology.
Cancer Statistics, 1988 (1988)

CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians publishes information about the prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer, as well as nutrition, palliative care, survivorship, and additional topics of interest related to cancer care.
Orally-Effective, Long-Acting Sorbitol Dehydrogenase Inhibitors:  Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationships, and in Vivo Evaluations of Novel Heterocycle-Substituted Piperazino-Pyrimidines (2001)

Optimization of a previously disclosed sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDI, II) for potency and duration of action was achieved by replacing the metabolically labile N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl group with a variety of heterocycles. Specifically, this effort led to a series of novel, in vitro potent SDIs with longer serum half-lives and acceptable in vivo activity in acutely diabetic rats (e.g., 62, 67, and 69). However, the desired in vivo potency in chronically diabetic rats, ED(90) < or = 5 mg/kg/day, was achieved only through further modification of the piperazine linker. Several members of this family, including 86, showed better than the targeted potency with ED(90) values of 1-2 mg/kg/day. Compound 86 was further profiled and found to be a selective inhibitor of sorbitol dehydrogenase, with excellent pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic properties, demonstrating normalization of sciatic nerve fructose in a chronically diabetic rat model for approximately 17 h, when administered orally at a single dose of 2 mg/kg/day.
Allosteric regulation of a ribozyme activity through ligand-induced conformational change (1998)

An allosteric ribozyme has been designed using the hammerhead ribozyme as the active site and aflavin-specific RNA aptamer as a regulatory site. We constructed six variants with a series of base pairs in the linker region (stem II). Under single turnover conditions, kinetic studies were carried out in the absence and presence of flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Interestingly, FMN addition did not influence the cleavage rate of constructs with a 5-6 bp linker but stimulated the catalytic activity of those bearing a shorter linker. In particular, the apparent k cat of Rz3 increases by approximately 10-fold upon addition of saturating amounts of FMN. To determine the rate constants( K m4and k cat), the ribozyme regulated most effectively by FMN was further investigated. FMN mainly affected the k cat value, reflecting the rate limiting conformational change step of the overall cleavage reaction, depending on helix formation in stem II. Probably, FMN influences the orientation of structures necessary for the cleavage reaction through stem II formation. The result of chemical modification revealed that binding of FMN to the aptamer domain induced the helix formation in stem II required for catalytic activity. Therefore, a specific FMN-mediated allosteric interaction seems to promote a conformational alteration from an open to a closed structure in stem II. The concept of conformational modification in the allosteric effect is consistent with other allosteric enzymes, suggesting that such a conformational change is a fundamental feature of allosteric enzymes in biological systems.
Strange brew: T cells in the liver (1996)

The liver is a meeting place for thymus-dependent circulating T cells and thymus-independent T cells with natural-killer (NK)-cell markers. Here, Nick Crispe and Waj Mehal argue that interactions between these two T-cell pools might account for the distinctive immunological role of the liver as a focus of peripheral tolerance induction.
Blocking taste receptor activation of gustducin inhibits gustatory responses to bitter compounds (1999)

Gustducin, a transducin-like guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (G protein), and transducin are expressed in taste receptor cells where they are thought to mediate taste transduction. Gustducin and transducin are activated in the presence of bovine taste membranes by several compounds that humans perceive to be bitter. We have monitored this activation with an in vitro assay to identify compounds that inhibited taste receptor activation of transducin by bitter tastants: AMP and chemically related compounds inhibited in vitro responses to several bitter compounds (e.g., denatonium, quinine, strychnine, and atropine). AMP also inhibited behavioral and electrophysiological responses of mice to bitter tastants, but not to NaCl, HCl, or sucrose. GMP, although chemically similar to AMP, inhibited neither the bitter-responsive taste receptor activation of transducin nor the gustatory responses of mice to bitter compounds. AMP and certain related compounds may bind to bitter-responsive taste receptors or interfere with receptor-G protein coupling to serve as naturally occurring taste modifiers.