gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable plasma sources in analytical spectroscopy: Current status and projections (2000)

While the developments in spectrochemical instrumentation have (for the most part) kept pace with the quantitative challenges of a diversity of applications, the qualitative aspects of spectrochemical analysis lag far behind. This is, of course, the principal challenge of ‘chemical speciation'. It seems clear at this point that a paradigm shift is in order if the atomic spectrometry community is to step up and solve the practical problems presented by biochemists, nutritionists, geologists, and environmental chemists. We present here an outline for progress in this area along with a summary of recent developments in the area of tunable plasma sources.
Role of renal nerves in compensatory adaptation to chronic reductions in sodium intake (1987)

The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of the renal nerves in adaptation to chronic reductions in sodium intake. Conscious dogs with unilateral (n = 7) or bilateral (n = 4) renal denervation were studied. In dogs studied before and after bilateral denervation, there were no differences in urine volume (UO), Na excretion (UNaV), or fractional reabsorption of Li (FR Li, an index of proximal tubular Na reabsorption) between innervated and denervated kidneys on either normal (80 meq/day) or low Na intake (5 meq/day, 15 days). Plasma renin activity (PRA) was attenuated following denervation on both normal (0.39 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.18 +/- 0.01 ng angiotensin I X ml-1 X h-1) and low Na intake (1.00 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.59 +/- 0.01). In unilaterally denervated dogs the left kidney was denervated and the bladder was split, allowing continuous urine collection from separate innervated and denervated kidneys in the same dog. There was no difference in UO between innervated and denervated kidneys on normal (80 meq/day) or low (7 meq/day, 9 days) Na intake. UNaV averaged 33.6 +/- 1.3 and 37.6 +/- 2.1 meq/day in innervated and denervated kidneys, respectively, on normal Na intake and 3.5 +/- 0.5 and 4.0 +/- 0.4 meq/day in innervated and denervated kidneys on low Na intake. FR Li was not different in denervated compared with innervated kidneys during normal or low sodium intake. Norepinephrine content was reduced by 99 +/- 1% in denervated kidneys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mcl-1, a member of the Bcl-2 family, delays apoptosis induced by c-Myc overexpression in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1994)

Mcl-1, a protein increased early in the differentiation of human myeloblastic ML-1 cells, has sequence similarity to Bcl-2. In the present study, we determined whether Mcl-1 has functional similarity to Bcl-2 by testing its ability to inhibit apoptosis induced by c-Myc overexpression. This was carried out using Chinese hamster ovary 5AHSmyc cells which contain the human c-myc proto-oncogene under the control of a heat shock promoter. Heat treatment induces c-Myc overexpression and thus apoptosis as determined by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. We transfected 5AHSmyc cells with mcl-1 and found that clones expressing the introduced Mcl-1 protein exhibited reduced DNA fragmentation. Mcl-1 was also capable of delaying the onset of cell death as judged by loss of membrane integrity, although it could not provide complete protection from c-Myc overexpression. Thus, Mcl-1 has functional homology to Bcl-2 in that Mcl-1 can enhance cell viability under conditions that otherwise cause apoptosis.
TULIP: A link-level protocol for improving TCP over wireless links (2003)

We present the transport unaware link improvement protocol (TULIP), which dramatically improves the performance of TCP over lossy wireless links, without competing with or modifying the transport- or network-layer protocols. TULIP is tailored for the half-duplex radio links available with today's commercial radios and provides a MAC acceleration feature applicable to collision-avoidance MAC protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.11) to improve throughput. TULIP's timers rely on a maximum propagation delay over the link, rather than performing a round-trip time estimate of the channel delay. The protocol does not require a base station and keeps no TCP state. TULIP is exceptionally robust when bit error rates are high; it maintains high goodput, i.e., only those packets which are in fact dropped on the wireless link are retransmitted and then only when necessary. The performance of TULIP is compared against the performance of the Snoop protocol (a TCP-aware approach) and TCP without link-level retransmission support. The results of simulation experiments using the actual code of the Snoop protocol show that TULIP achieves higher throughput, lower packet delay, and smaller delay variance.
Secure Location Verification Using Radio Broadcast (2006)

Secure location verification is a recently stated problem that has a number of practical applications. The problem requires a wireless sensor network to confirm that a potentially malicious prover is located in a designated area. The original solution to the problem, as well as solutions to related problems, exploits the difference between propagation speeds of radio and sound waves to estimate the position of the prover. In this paper, we propose a solution that leverages the broadcast nature of the radio signal emitted by the prover and the distributed topology of the network. The idea is to separate the functions of the sensors. Some sensors are placed such that they receive the signal from the prover if it is inside the protected area. The others are positioned so that they can only receive the signal from the prover outside the area. Hence, the latter sensors reject the prover if they hear its signal. Our solution is versatile and it deals with provers using either omni-directional or directional propagation of radio signals without requiring any special hardware besides a radio transceiver. We estimate the bounds on the number of sensors required to protect the areas of various shapes and extend our solution to handle complex radio signal propagation, optimize sensor placement, and operate without precise topology information
Effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency and nitrogen metabolism in rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings (2001)

A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the interactive effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate levels on growth, feed utilization efficiency, and nitrogen metabolism in rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings (mean weight 4.06 &plusmn;0.08 g). Nine purified diets prepared with 25, 35, and 40 % protein level each having 15, 25, and 35 % carbohydrate were fed to nine different feeding groups at the rate of 3% of body weight in triplicate treatments. Better performance of fish in terms of percent weight gain, SGR, FCR, and PER was observed with increasing percentage of carbohydrate at a given protein level. Protease and &#945;-amylase activities increased with increase in dietary protein and carbohydrate levels, respectively. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activities varied significantly in some groups. No significant difference among different groups regarding glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity was observed. Ammonia excretion was found to increase with increased consumption of dietary protein and carbohydrate and was highest in the groups of fish fed 40% protein diet suggesting active nitrogen metabolism in these.
Mutation Detection Using Mass Spectrometric Separation of Tiny Oligonucleotide Fragments (2001)

To make large-scale association studies a reality, automated high-throughput methods for genotyping with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are needed. We describe PCR conditions that permit the use of the TaqMan or 5 nuclease allelic discrimination assay for typing large numbers of individuals with any SNP and computational methods that allow genotypes to be assigned automatically. To demonstrate the utility of these methods, we typed >1600 individuals for a G-to-T transversion that results in a glutamate-to-aspartate substitution at position 298 in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene, and a G/C polymorphism (newly identified in our laboratory) in intron 8 of the 11- hydroxylase gene. The genotyping method is accurate-we estimate an error rate of fewer than 1 in 2000 genotypes, rapid-with five 96-well PCR machines, one fluorescent reader, and no automated pipetting, over one thousand genotypes can be generated by one person in one day, and flexible-a new SNP can be tested for association in less than one week. Indeed, large-scale genotyping has been accomplished for 23 other SNPs in 13 different genes using this method. In addition, we identified three "pseudo-SNPs" (WIAF1161, WIAF2566, and WIAF335) that are probably a result of duplication.
Probing from Both Sides: Reshaping the Graphene Landscape via Face-to-Face Dual-Probe Microscopy (2013)

In two-dimensional samples, all atoms are at the surface and thereby exposed for probing and manipulation by physical or chemical means from both sides. Here, we show that we can access the same point on both surfaces of a few-layer graphene membrane simultaneously, using a dual-probe scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) setup. At the closest point, the two probes are separated only by the thickness of the graphene membrane. This allows us for the first time to directly measure the deformations induced by one STM probe on a free-standing membrane with an independent second probe. We reveal different regimes of stability of few-layer graphene and show how the STM probes can be used as tools to shape the membrane in a controlled manner. Our work opens new avenues for the study of mechanical and electronic properties of two-dimensional materials.
Secure VM backup and vulnerability removal in infrastructure clouds (2014)

The multi-tenant nature of cloud and provision of resources in terms of virtual machines (VM's) establishes an immense need of rethinking about the applicability of earlier backup and recovery methods in virtual machines based infrastructure cloud platforms. In this work, we have proposed a complete backup and recovery framework, VM-SAVER, which provides a flexible and scalable backup and recovery models for virtualized physical servers inside a multi-tenant cloud. VM-SAVER incorporates the basic state saving methods of various hypervisors and proposes various approaches and scenarios where the virtualized servers backup and recovery is ensured. In addition to this, our framework also has a novel feature of vulnerability detection and removal from the running VM's and past backups. This novel framework is flexible, reconfigurable and can work with a range of hypervisors making it suitable for the present day infrastructure clouds.
High power RF capabilities at Loughborough University (2009)

Members of the plasma and pulsed power group at Loughborough University are engaged in several experimental activities related to the generation of high power radio frequency radiation. The paper reviews some of the more important projects that have recently been successfully completed. (5 pages)
Cellular cardiomyoplasty—cardiomyocytes, skeletal myoblasts, or stem cells for regenerating myocardium and treatment of heart failure? (2003)

to prevent extensive scar formation and the relentless disease progression of heart failure after myocardial infarc-In newts, excision of up to 50% of the ventricular tion or loss of contractile function with pressure or volume myocardium results in spontaneous regeneration and re-overload Despite progress in pharmacological building of the heart, a process that involves de-differentia-treatment of the syndrome of heart failure In contrast, the mam-developed for repairing human myocardial tissue. malian heart loses its capability of a quantitatively suffi-Taking the newt as a model of regenerating irreversibly cient proliferative response to various injuries soon after damaged myocardium, the features of de-differentiation, birth Interestingly, recent studies reported a certain proliferation, and re-differentiation, might be the basis for degree of cardiomyocyte regeneration in various developing strategies for repairing and rebuilding the pathologic conditions, such as heart failure [7], orthotopic failing human heart: Presumably, the most desirable future heart transplantation However, contractile tissue leading to therapeutic strategies that force these findings are still controversial In some of these surviving cardiomyocytes to de-differentiate, proliferate, studies, the presence of the Y-chromosome in hearts from and re-differentiate after myocardial damage [5,22]. Howfemale donors after gender-incompatible heart transplanta-ever, another innovative approach, probably within nearer tion was used as evidence for population of the hearts by reach, is the exogenous delivery of less differentiated cells extracardiac progenitors. However, recent in vitro studies to the damaged heart, that retain to a certain degree their reported the occurrence of spontaneous cell fusions of capability of proliferation, and subsequently may colonise putative stem cells, such as bone-marrow together, which challenges the concept of transdifferention This review will try to characterise the results of recent and requires additional investigations in this field.
Evaluation of a partial retinal surface tear by optical coherence tomography (2011)

Abstract: Differential diagnosis of retinal hemorrhage and partial tear of the retinal surface may be difficult in some cases. A 62-year-old woman was mistakenly followed-up for small retinal hemorrhages for more than 1 year. Blocked fluorescence specific to retinal hemorrhage was not observed by fluorescein angiography (FAG). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) clearly showed defects of the retinal surface indicating partial tears of the surface at the vitreoretinal juncture and not hemorrhage. OCT is a useful and noninvasive device for the differential diagnosis of retinal hemorrhage and partial tear of the retinal surface. Keywords: OCT, differential diagnosis, retinal surface defect,vitreoretinal juncture over retinal vessels
Chapter 10. Using microbial community interactions within plant microbiomes to advance an evergreen agricultural revolution (2014)

Innovative plant breeding and technology transfer fostered the Green Revolution (GR), which transformed agriculture worldwide by increasing grain yields in developing countries. The GR temporarily alleviated world hunger, but also reduced biodiversity, nutrient cycling, and carbon (C) sequestration that agricultural lands can provide. Meanwhile, economic disparity and food insecurity within and among countries continues. Subsequent agricultural advances, focused on objectives such as increasing crop yields or reducing the risk of a specific pest, have failed to meet food demands at the local scale or to restore lost ecosystem services. An increasing human population, climate change, growing per capita food and energy demands, and reduced ecosystem potential to provide agriculturally relevant services have created an unrelenting need for improved crop production practices. Meeting this need in a sustainable fashion will require interdisciplinary approaches that integrate plant and microbial ecology with efforts to advance crop production while mitigating effects of a changing climate. Metagenomic advances are revealing microbial dynamics that can simultaneously improve crop production and soil restoration while enhancing crop resistance to environmental change. Restoring microbial diversity to contemporary agroecosystems could establish ecosystem services while reducing production costs for agricultural producers. Our framework for examining plant-microbial interactions at multiple scales, modeling outcomes to broadly explore potential impacts, and interacting with extension and training networks to transfer microbial based agricultural technologies across socioeconomic scales, offers an integrated strategy for advancing agroecosystem sustainability while minimizing potential for the kind of negative ecological and socioeconomic feedbacks that have resulted from many widely adopted agricultural technologies.
Congenital protein C deficiency and thrombotic disease in nine French families. (1984)

Investigation of 118 patients for protein C deficiency using an immunological and a functional assay, and subsequent investigation of those (nine) found to be deficient, identified 22 patients (14 women, eight men) with protein C deficiency, of whom six were asymptomatic, 15 had histories of venous thromboembolism, and one had a history of arterial thromboembolism. Protein C deficiency was associated in the nine probands with young age at first episode of thromboembolic disease (mean 24.1 (SD 11.9) years), absence of a precipitating condition (five (56%], and a family history of thromboembolic disease (six (66%]. Investigation of the nine families suggested autosomal dominant transmission of the defect. Thromboembolic episodes were seen in patients with protein C antigen concentrations below 0.6 U/ml. Mean (SD) protein C antigen concentrations were 0.48 (0.12) U/ml in 18 patients not receiving oral anticoagulant treatment and 0.28 (0.05) U/ml in four receiving such treatment. One patient with severe protein C deficiency (0.16 U/ml) developed skin necrosis soon after starting oral anticoagulant treatment.
Porphyria: Reexamination of Psychiatric Implications (1995)

Acute intermittent porphyria mimics a variety of commonly occurring disorders and thus poses a diagnostic quagmire. Psychiatric manifestations include hysteria, anxiety, depression, phobias, psychosis, organic disorders, agitation, delirium, and altered consciousness ranging from somnolence to coma. Some patients develop psychosis similar to schizophrenia. Psychiatric hospitals have a disproportionate number of patients with this disorder as only difficult and resistant patients accumulate there. Presence of photosensitive porphyrins in the urine is diagnostic. When porphyrins are absent, excess of alpha aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen are present in the urine. The definitive test is to measure monopyrrole porphobilinogen deaminase in RBCs. This diagnosis should be entertained in the following situations: (a) unexplained leukocytosis; (b) unexplained neuropathy; (c) etiologically obscure neurosis or psychosis; (d) 'idiopathic' seizure disorder; (e) unexplained abdominal pain; (f) conversion hysteria, and (g) susceptibility to stress. Porphyria is important in psychiatry as it may present with only psychiatric symptoms; it may masquerade as a psychosis and the patient may be treated as a schizophrenic person for years; the only manifestation may be histrionic personality disorder which may not receive much attention. Diagnosis is based on a high index of suspicion and appropriate investigation. Various psychotropic drugs exacerbate acute attacks. While it is important not to use the unsafe drugs in porphyric patients, it is also imperative to look for this diagnosis in cases where these drugs produce unprecedented drug reactions.
A new chalcone derivative (E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one suppresses prostate cancer involving p53-mediated cell cycle arrests and apoptosis. (2012)

Previous studies suggested chalcones as antineoplastic drug candidates. We synthesized a new chalcone derivative (E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, (CHO27) with an up to 1000-fold increased cytotoxic potency relative to its parent compound in cell culture assays. CHO27 at low nanomolar levels, inhibited prostate cancer (PCa) cell growth through cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Activation of p53 accounted for, at least in part, the growth inhibition by CHO27 in vitro. Furthermore, i.p. administration of CHO27 suppressed the growth of established PCa 22Rv1 xenograft tumors accompanied with p53 and p21(Cip1) induction. CHO27 may be a lead for development of new therapeutic agents for PCa.
Site model acquisition and extension from aerial images (2002)

A system has been developed to acquire, extend and refine 3D geometric site models from aerial imagery. This system hypothesizes potential building roofs in an image, automatically locates supporting geometric evidence in other images, and determines the precise shape and position of the new buildings via multiimage triangulation. Model-to-image registration techniques are applied to align new, incoming images against the site model. Model extension and refinement procedures are then performed to add previously unseen buildings and to improve the geometric accuracy of the existing 3D building models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Estimation of 24-Hour Intraocular Pressure Peak Timing and Variation Using a Contact Lens Sensor (2015)

The 24-hour CLS data showed a simulated peak timing close to the 24-hour IOP peak timing obtained using the pneumatonometer. However, the simulated variations of 24-hour data in the paired eyes were not correlated. Estimated 24-hour IOP rhythms using the two devices should not be considered interchangeable.
Molecular Control of Sucrose Utilization in Escherichia coli W, an Efficient Sucrose-Utilizing Strain (2012)

Sucrose is an industrially important carbon source for microbial fermentation. Sucrose utilization in Escherichia coli, however, is poorly understood, and most industrial strains cannot utilize sucrose. The roles of the chromosomally encoded sucrose catabolism (csc) genes in E. coli W were examined by knockout and overexpression experiments. At low sucrose concentrations, the csc genes are repressed and cells cannot grow. Removal of either the repressor protein (cscR) or the fructokinase (cscK) gene facilitated derepression. Furthermore, combinatorial knockout of cscR and cscK conferred an improved growth rate on low sucrose. The invertase (cscA) and sucrose transporter (cscB) genes are essential for sucrose catabolism in E. coli W, demonstrating that no other genes can provide sucrose transport or inversion activities. However, cscK is not essential for sucrose utilization. Fructose is excreted into the medium by the cscK-knockout strain in the presence of high sucrose, whereas at low sucrose (when carbon availability is limiting), fructose is utilized by the cell. Overexpression of cscA, cscAK, or cscAB could complement the WΔcscRKAB knockout mutant or confer growth on a K-12 strain which could not naturally utilize sucrose. However, phenotypic stability and relatively good growth rates were observed in the K-12 strain only when overexpressing cscAB, and full growth rate complementation in WΔcscRKAB also required cscAB. Our understanding of sucrose utilization can be used to improve E. coli W and engineer sucrose utilization in strains which do not naturally utilize sucrose, allowing substitution of sucrose for other, less desirable carbon sources in industrial fermentations.
Reduced nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes in the presence of a prototypic nuclear targeting signal (1994)

Nuclear import of the retroviral preintegration complex and integration of retroviral with host cell DNA are essential steps for completion of the virus life cycle. The preintegration complex of the lentivirus human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) displays karyophilic properties and, as a consequence, is rapidly directed to the host cell nucleus by an energy-dependent transport pathway. The karyophilic properties of nuclear proteins are governed by a nuclear localization sequence, the targeting function of which can be inhibited in the presence of excess targeting signals. Here we present evidence that the nuclear import of a large karyophile--the preintegration complex of HIV-1--is inhibited in the presence of a prototypic nuclear targeting signal of simian virus 40 T antigen. This points to a novel strategy which prevents establishment of the provirus by interrupting nuclear localization of HIV-1 DNA.