gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lectin-like inhibition of immune complex receptor-mediated stimulation of neutrophils. Effects on cytosolic calcium release and superoxide production (1993)

We have tested the role of lectin-like interactions, with particular emphasis on CR3, in insoluble immune complex (IC)-mediated activation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The ability of IC to trigger intracellular Ca2+ release and O2- production by normal PMN, saccharide-treated cells, and CR3-deficient PMN (leukocyte adhesion deficiency, LAD, patients) were tested. When indo-1-labeled normal PMN were stimulated with IC in Ca(2+)-free buffer, intracellular Ca2+ rose from approximately 100 nM to approximately 230 nM. However, when LAD PMN were tested, a small rise in intracellular Ca2+ was observed. Because previous studies have shown that certain saccharides inhibit CR3-Fc gamma RIII co-capping, we tested a panel of saccharides to determine their ability to influence IC-mediated intracellular Ca2+ release. When normal PMN were exposed to 0.15 M N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NADG), D-mannose, or alpha-methyl-mannoside, the Ca2+ response to IC was significantly reduced. However, addition of 0.15 M glucose, raffinose, sucrose, galactose, fructose, or sorbitol did not significantly affect the Ca2+ response, suggesting that the response was specific for certain saccharides. To test the physiologic consequences of these Ca2+ signals, we have examined the ability of saccharides to influence O2- production by normal PMN and the ability of LAD PMN to produce O2- upon triggering by IC. Normal PMN stimulated with IC generated 4.3 +/- 1.7 nmol/10(6) cells/30 min of O2-. In contrast, O2- production was inhibited by 0 to 20% by glucose, galactose, sucrose, sorbitol, fructose, and raffinose and > or = 50% by NADG and mannose. LAD PMN, which display diminished Ca2+ signals, were found to produce O2- at 47 +/- 6% of control levels. NADG and mannose dose-response studies indicated that they cooperatively block O2-.
Inhibition of epidermal growth factor binding to mouse cultured cells by fibroblast-derived growth factor. Evidence for an indirect mechanism. (1982)

Fibroblast-derived growth factor (FDGF), a basic, heat- and acid-stable polypeptide partially purified from the serum-free conditioned medium of BHK cells transformed by simian virus 40, is a potent mitogen for Swiss 3T3 cells and causes a marked reduction in 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (125I-EGF) binding to these cells. The activity which inhibits EGF binding coelutes with the growth-stimulating activity after gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both cellular responses are elicited by the same range of FDGF concentration in several murine cell types. The inhibition of EGF binding is rapid and results from a decrease in the apparent affinity of cellular receptors for 125I-EGF. FDGF does not affect the rate of cell-mediated 125I-EGF degradation. Several lines of evidence suggest that FDGF does not bind directly to EGF receptor. First, the effect of FDGF is dependent on the temperature of the assay; furthermore, treatment of cells with EGF results in loss of EGF receptors while exposure to FDGF for up to 24 h does not induce "down-regulation" of EGF receptors. Further, in A431 cells which display a large number of specific EGF receptors, 125I-EGF binding is not sensitive to FDGF. Finally, the effect of FDGF on 125I-EGF binding is not observed with isolated plasma membranes. Taken together, these findings suggest that FDGF binds to sites which are separate from EGF receptors. The results show a novel mechanism whereby a growth-promoting factor produced by a tumor cell line can rapidly modulate the affinity of the cellular receptors for EGF in an indirect manner.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef Protein Targets CD4 to the Multivesicular Body Pathway (2009)

The Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 downregulates the CD4 coreceptor from the surface of host cells by accelerating the rate of CD4 endocytosis through a clathrin/AP-2 pathway. Herein, we report that Nef has the additional function of targeting CD4 to the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway for eventual delivery to lysosomes. This targeting involves the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. Perturbation of this machinery does not prevent removal of CD4 from the cell surface but precludes its lysosomal degradation, indicating that accelerated endocytosis and targeting to the MVB pathway are separate functions of Nef. We also show that both CD4 and Nef are ubiquitinated on lysine residues, but this modification is dispensable for Nef-induced targeting of CD4 to the MVB pathway.
The Neurobiology of central nervous system trauma (1994)

This book serves as a reference text in the field of experimental traumatology. Chapters are written by the recognized leaders in each area. The first section covers methodological considerations, including discussion of in vitro and in vivo models; metabolic and hemodynamic factors; anatomical and electrophysiological correlates; and behavioral evaluation. The second section discusses pathophysiological factors including ischemia, ionic changes, immune-inflammatory responses, neurotransmitter/neuromodulatory alterations, effects of lipid metabolism, astroglial responses and molecular mechanisms. The final section reviews treatments including experimental pharmacology, growth factors, regeneration, transplantation and clinical treatment. This book is invaluable to researchers as well as clinicians involved in head or spinal cord injury.
A 23-dBm 60-GHz Distributed Active Transformer in a Silicon Process Technology (2007)

In this paper, a distributed active transformer for the operation in the millimeter-wave frequency range is presented. The transformer utilizes stacked coupled wires as opposed to slab inductors to achieve a high coupling factor of k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</sub> =0.8 at 60 GHz. Scalable and compact equivalent-circuit models are used for the transformer design without the need for full-wave electromagnetic simulations. To demonstrate the feasibility of the millimeter-wave transformer, a 200-mW (23 dBm) 60-GHz power amplifier has been implemented in a standard 130-nm SiGe process technology, which, to date, is the highest reported output power in an SiGe process technology at millimeter-wave frequencies. The size of the output transformer is only 160times160 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and demonstrates the feasibility of efficient power combining and impedance transformation at millimeter-wave frequencies. The two-stage amplifier has 13 dB of compressed gain and achieves a power-added efficiency of 6.4% while combining the power of eight cascode amplifiers into a differential 100-Omega load. The amplifier supply voltage is 4 V with a quiescent current consumption of 300 mA
Cancer Stem Cells and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)-Phenotypic Cells: Are They Cousins or Twins? (2011)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cells within a tumor that possess the capacity to self-renew and maintain tumor-initiating capacity through differentiation into the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the whole tumor. These tumor-initiating cells could provide a resource for cells that cause tumor recurrence after therapy. Although the cell origin of CSCs remains to be fully elucidated, mounting evidence has demonstrated that Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), induced by different factors, is associated with tumor aggressiveness and metastasis and these cells share molecular characteristics with CSCs, and thus are often called cancer stem-like cells or tumor-initiating cells. The acquisition of an EMT phenotype is a critical process for switching early stage carcinomas into invasive malignancies, which is often associated with the loss of epithelial differentiation and gain of mesenchymal phenotype. Recent studies have demonstrated that EMT plays a critical role not only in tumor metastasis but also in tumor recurrence and that it is tightly linked with the biology of cancer stem-like cells or cancer-initiating cells. Here we will succinctly summarize the state-of-our-knowledge regarding the molecular similarities between cancer stem-like cells or CSCs and EMT-phenotypic cells that are associated with tumor aggressiveness focusing on solid tumors.
Application of D4AR – A 4-Dimensional augmented reality model for automating construction progress monitoring data collection, processing and communication (2009)

Early detection of actual or potential schedule delay in field construction activities is vital to project management. This entails project managers to design, implement, and maintain a systematic approach for construction progress monitoring to promptly identify, process and communicate discrepancies between actual and as-planned performances. To achieve this goal, this research focuses on exploring application of unsorted daily progress photograph logs available on any construction site as a data collection technique. Our approach is based on computing- from the images themselves- the photographer’s locations and orientations, along with a sparse 3D geometric representation of the as-built site using daily progress photographs and superimposition of the reconstructed scene over as-planned 4D models. Within such an environment, progress photographs are registered in the virtual as-planned environment and this allows a large unstructured collection of daily construction images to be sorted, interactively browsed and explored. In addition, sparse reconstructed scenes superimposed over 4D models allow site images to be geo-registered with the as-planned components and consequently, location-based image processing technique to be implemented and progress data to be extracted automatically. The results of progress comparison between as-planned and as-built performances are visualized in the D4AR (4D Augmented Reality) environment using a traffic light metaphor. We present our preliminary results on three ongoing construction projects and discuss implementation, perceived benefits and future potential enhancement of this new technology in construction, in all fronts of automatic data collection, processing and communication.
Determination of Catalyst Unique Parameters for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in a PEMFC (2006)

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics of a high-surface-area carbon-supported platinum catalyst were measured in an operating proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The ORR kinetics of can be described over a wide range of temperature, pressure, and current density using four catalyst-specific parameters: transfer coefficient, exchange current density, reaction order with respect to oxygen partial pressure, and activation energy. These parameters were extracted using a combined kinetic and thermodynamic model, either referenced to the reversible cell potential (i.e., using exchange current density as activity parameter) or referenced to a constant ohmic-resistance-corrected (i.e., iR-free) cell voltage. The latter has the advantage of using an activity parameter (activity at iR-free cell voltage) which can be measured explicitly without extrapolation, in contrast to the exchange current density required in the former model. It was found that much of the variation in the published values for these catalyst-specific kinetic parameters derives from applying the same parameter name (e.g., activation energy) without specifying which of its many possible definitions is being used. The obviously significant numerical differences both for "oxygen reaction order" and for "activation energy" due to different definitions (often tacitly assumed and rarely explicitly stated in the literature) are illustrated by the kinetic ORR parameters which we determined for : at zero overpotential, where reaction order and activation energy are and , respectively, and at iR-free cell voltage, where reaction order and activation energy are and , respectively.
[The smallpox vaccination strain MVA: marker, genetic structure, experience gained with the parenteral vaccination and behavior in organisms with a debilitated defence mechanism (author's transl)]. (1978)

The MVA virus is a lab virus ideally suited for vaccination of both man and animal which can be differentiated from the known Vaccinia strains by the use of numerous biological markers. Its reduced virulence for the chick embryo, for experimental animals and for man is a particularly characteristic feature. With the exception of chick embryo fibroblasts, the MVA virus grows in cell cultures only abortively. This applies particularly to cells of human origin in which the cytopathic effect and plaque formation are completely missing. The restriction analysis of the DNS of the MVA virus demonstrates that its genetic structure differs from that of the CVA basic virus and other orthopox viruses. In contrast to the WHO reference strain Elstree, the MVA virus has a genome shortened by about 9 per cent. The use of the MVA virus for human vaccination is particularly indicated in persons to be vaccinated for the first time and likely to entail a risk (on account of allergies etc.) because it brings about a state of revaccination without complications. The MVA virus can be administered in intracutaneous, subcutaneous or intramuscular injections. Innocuoursness and successful vaccination have been demonstrated in more than 120000 persons. While other Vaccinia strains, such as the Elstree virus, experience a drastic increase of virulence in the immunosuppressed organism (subjected to whole-body irradiation), the MVA virus cannot be activated not even in this situation.
Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor in lung cancer: Perspective from the Asia–Pacific region (2006)

Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the ErbB family that is frequently overexpressed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and has been identified as a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer. The development of small molecule EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as gefitinib and erlotinib has resulted in paradigm shift in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. The impact of EGFR‐TKI in the treatment of NSCLC is even greater in Asia–Pacific region because one of the greatest clinical benefits of EGFR‐TKI has been seen in patients of East Asian ethnicity. The discovery of somatic mutations in EGFR‐tyrosine kinase domain has so far answered some, but not all, of the questions regarding the clinical response to EGFR‐TKI in NSCLC. In addition, other molecular profiles such as KRAS mutations have also been found to play an important role in EGFR targeted therapy. In this article, we review EGFR targeted therapy in NSCLC with the focus on perspective from the Asia–Pacific region.
Recent Advances in the Development of HIV-1 Vaccines Using Replication-Incompetent Adenovirus Vectors (2004)

An increasing body of evidence suggests that a vaccine that elicits anti-HIV-1 cellular immunity could provide the basis for an effective AIDS vaccine. Comparative immunization experiments testing a variety of vaccine approaches have demonstrated that replication-incompetent adenovirus vectors are an effective means for eliciting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses against HIV-1 antigens. These immune responses effectively control viremia in nonhuman primates following challenge with simian AIDS viruses. Such data, coupled with epidemiology studies that identify HIV-1 gag, pol, and nef as the best antigens for broadly directed cellular immune responses, provide guidance for the development of a potential AIDS vaccine.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Malignancy: A Review (2006)

One unique feature of tumors is the presence of hypoxic regions, which occur predominantly at the tumor center. Hypoxia has a major impact on various aspects of tumor cell function and proliferation. Hypoxic tumor cells are relatively insensitive to conventional therapy owing to cellular adaptations effected by the hypoxic microenvironment. Recent efforts have aimed to alter the hypoxic state and to reverse these adaptations to improve treatment outcome. One way to increase tumor oxygen tensions is by hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. HBO therapy can influence the tumor microenvironment at several levels. It can alter tumor hypoxia, a potent stimulus that drives angiogenesis. Hyperoxia as a result of HBO also produces reactive oxygen species, which can damage tumors by inducing excessive oxidative stress. This review outlines the importance of oxygen to tumors and the mechanisms by which tumors survive under hypoxic conditions. It also presents data from both experimental and clinical studies for the effect of HBO on malignancy.
[General Articles] Altered Protein Acetylation in Polyglutamine Diseases (2003)

Polyglutamine diseases are hereditary neurodegenerative disorders caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat in the disease gene. A dominant gain of function is associated with these expanded alleles. The resulting elongated polyglutamine repeats are thought to cause structural changes in the affected proteins, leading to aberrant interactions such as those that allow formation of extra- and intranuclear aggregates. However, self-association is not the only interaction the polyglutamine domain is capable of mediating. Many cellular proteins can be sequestered into inclusions or bound by more soluble forms of the mutant proteins. One group of proteins that binds to and whose activity may be altered by polyglutamines is Histone Acetyltransferases (HATs). HATs are responsible for the acetylation of histones and several other important proteins and this modification results in altered function of the target protein. HATs regulate cellular processes at levels as different as modifying transcriptional competence of chromosomes, temporal regulation of promoter activity and protein activation / inactivation. Recent studies show that the altered balance between protein acetylation and deacetylation may be a key process contributing to expanded polyglutamine-induced pathogenesis. The restoration of this balance is possible by the genetic or pharmacological reduction of the opposing enzyme group, i.e. the Histone Deacetylases (HDACs). Recent progress in HDAC research has made the development of inhibitors of specific HDAC family proteins possible and these compounds could be effective candidates for treatment of these devastating diseases.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1‐Benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives from Amino Acids by 1,4 Chirality Transfer (2003)

Abstract L ‐Amino acids ( L ‐Ala, L ‐Phe, L ‐Val, L ‐Pro) were used as a source of chirality in the diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. The key step was the Pictet−Spengler condensation of ketoamides 4 and 10 , which proceeded under very mild conditions. L ‐Ala, L ‐Phe and L ‐Val gave rise the R ‐configuration at the newly formed stereogenic center. Surprisingly, L ‐Pro gave the opposite result. The stereochemistry of 6d and 12a were established on the basis of X‐ray crystallographic data. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Human lactoferrin inhibits growth of solid tumors and development of experimental metastases in mice. (1994)

The antitumor effects of the multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein, lactoferrin (Lf), were investigated. Lf inhibited growth in mice of transplantable solid tumors induced by v-ras transformed fibroblasts and a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma. Lf also substantially reduced lung colonization (experimental metastasis) by B16-F10 melanoma cells in syngeneic mice. Iron-saturated and apo-Lf exhibited comparable levels of tumor inhibition and antimetastatic activity. Transferrin, a related iron-binding protein, had no effect on lung colonization. In the B16-F10 system, elimination of natural killer cell activity by pretreatment of mice with anti-asialo GM1 antibody abrogated the effects of Lf, whereas inhibition of macrophage function with silica did not. The results demonstrate a novel activity for Lf and suggest a potentially important role for this molecule in the primary defense against tumorigenesis.
Active immunoglobulin fragments synthesized in E.coli—from Fab to Scantibodies (1988)

Journal Article Active immunoglobulin fragments synthesized in E.coli—from Fab to Scantibodies Get access Ronald Wetzel Ronald Wetzel Genentech Inc.460 Pt San Bruno Blvd. South San Francisco, CA 94127 USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Protein Engineering, Design and Selection, Volume 2, Issue 3, September 1988, Pages 169–170, https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/2.3.169 Published: 01 September 1988
Microbial Production of Lactate-Enriched Poly[(R)-lactate-co-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] with Novel Thermal Properties (2009)

Considerable enrichment of the lactate (LA) fraction in Poly[(R)-LA-co-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB)] has been achieved, reaching up to 47 mol % from the previous 6 mol % [S. Taguchi et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105 (45), 17323−17327], when recombinant Escherichia coli W3110, harboring the LA-polymerizing enzyme gene together with three genes for supplying monomers, lactyl-coenzyme A (CoA), and 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, were grown on glucose under anaerobic conditions. The molecular weights of the copolymer were Mn = 1.5 × 104 g/mol and Mw = 2.0 × 104 g/mol, respectively. Notably, alkaline-hydrolyzed product analysis revealed that only the (R)-enantiomer of LA was incorporated in the copolymer. Furthermore, the triad sequence of LA-LA-LA was clearly detected in the polymer chain based on NMR analysis. A remarkably contrasting melting temperature was observed between the copolymer obtained here P[(R)-LA-co-(R)-3HB] (157 °C) and the chemically synthesized P[(S)-LA-co-(R)-3HB] (105 °C) with similar monomer composition.
Invasiveness and metastasis of NIH 3T3 cells induced by Met-hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor autocrine stimulation. (1994)

The met protooncogene product, Met, is the tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). NIH 3T3 cells express HGF/SF endogenously and become tumorigenic in nude mice via an autocrine mechanism when murine Met is expressed ectopically (Metmu cells) or when human Met and human HGF/SF are coexpressed (HMH cells). Here, we show that Metmu and HMH cells are invasive in vitro and display enhanced protease activity necessary for the invasive phenotype. In experimental and spontaneous metastasis assays, Metmu or HMH cells metastasize to the lung, but lower numbers of subcutaneously injected Metmu and HMH cells produced invasive tumors in the heart, diaphragm, salivary gland, and retroperitoneum. It has been reported elsewhere that Met expression increased with tumor passage in athymic nude mice, and these tumor explants show enhanced activity in the metastasis assays. Autocrine-mediated Met-HGF/SF signal transduction in NIH 3T3 mesenchymal cells may provide an important system for understanding the biological process of metastasis.