gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Down Syndrome Diagnosis Based on Gabor (2012)

Down syndrome is a chromosomal condition caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome. It has different facial symptoms. These symptoms contain distinctive information for face recogni- tion. In this study, a novel method is developed to distinguish Down Syndrome in a custom face database. Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT) is used as a feature extraction method. Dimension reduction is performed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). New dimension which has most valuable information is derived with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). Classification process is implemented with k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods. The classification accu- racy is carried out 96% and 97,34% with kNN and SVM methods, respectively. Different from the studies related with the Down Sydrome, feature selection process is applied before PCA according to the correlation between components of feature vectors. Best results are achieved with euclidean distance metric for kNN and linear kernel type for SVM. In this way, we developed an efficient system to recognize Down syndrome.
Lymphatic Mapping Establishes the Role of BRAF Gene Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (2006)

BRAF mutation may be a key genetic factor for the metastatic progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The study demonstrates that this gene mutation is a significant risk factor for locoregional lymph node metastasis and has potential utility as a surrogate marker.
Ammoniagenesis by the Isolated Perfused Rat Kidney: The Critical Role of Urinary Acidification (1979)

1. The effect of metabolic acidosis simulated in vitro on ammoniagenesis was investigated by using the isolated kidney of the rat perfused with an albumin Krebs—Henseleit medium containing glutamine and glucose. 2. Addition of HCl to a perfusate of normal bicarbonate concentration resulted in a prompt increase in urine flow rate, decrease in fractional sodium reabsorption and decrease in urine pH. 3. A minimum urine pH as low as 5·15 was achieved, with an average value of 5·92, indicating that this preparation has the capacity to acidify normally. 4. In contrast with studies in vitro with other preparations, with the functional perfused kidney a diminution in perfusate bicarbonate concentration resulted in a prompt increase in ammonia production, which was strikingly correlated with the decrease in urine pH. 5. The increase in ammonia production was diminished in studies carried out with a non-urinating kidney, in comparison with those that exhibited significant urine acidification. 6. These data suggest that a decrease in urine pH with trapping of ammonia in the urine may be a critical stimulus for increased ammonia production in acute metabolic acidosis.
Reactivity of mouse T-cell hybridomas expressing human Vbeta gene segments with staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigens (1996)

A panel of 15 mouse T-cell hybridomas, each expressing a different human Vbeta gene segment (hVbeta) in an otherwise mouse T-cell receptor (i.e., mouse alpha chain and CD3 complex), was constructed by transfection of hVbeta/mouse Cbeta chimeric T-cell receptor (TCR)-beta genes into a mouse T-cell hybridoma recipient lacking the endogenous TCR-beta chain. Several qualities that are conferred by the hVbeta chain of the TCR are retained in the chimeric human-mouse TCR complex: a large panel of hVbeta-specific antibodies specifically stained the hVbeta expressed by the mouse T-cell hybridomas. Moreover, hVbeta-transfected mouse cells could readily produce interleukin 2 when stimulated by superantigens presented by antigen-presenting cells. These characteristics made it possible to refine the reactivity of 17 superantigen preparations with the available transfected Vbetas. Each superantigen gave a characteristic pattern of reactivity on the transfectants. Positive reactivities with some of these transfectants, which differ only by the expressed hVbeta, demonstrate unambiguously the superantigenic character of a protein or fraction and its potential to react with the corresponding Vbetas. Therefore, these hVbeta-transfected cells constituted a valuable tool for determining "specificity fingerprints" of known or putative superantigens. First, commonly used, commercially available superantigens such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) showed additional Vbeta reactivities, compared with those of their recombinant counterparts. This stresses the importance of using defined preparations of superantigens for the definition of Vbeta specificities. Second, the stimulatory pattern of a strain of Streptococcus pyogenes demonstrated that this strain, unlike others, produces a potent Vbeta 8-specific superantigen that is an yet undefined at the molecular level.
Enhancement and depletion mode GaN/AlGaN heterostructure field effect transistors (1996)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of Al0.1Ga0.9N/GaN heterojunction field effect transistors, both an enhancement mode and a depletion mode with a low pinchoff voltage, suitable for digital integrated circuit applications. For an enhancement mode device with a 1 μm gate length and 5 μm drain-to-source separation, the dc transconductance is around 23 mS/mm. Connecting the enhancement mode device as a switching transistor and a depletion mode device as a load, we demonstrate an AlGaN/GaN inverter.
A sharper Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance (1988)

Journal Article A sharper Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance Get access YOSEF HOCHBERG YOSEF HOCHBERG Department of Statistics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversityRamat-Aviv, 69978, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 75, Issue 4, December 1988, Pages 800–802, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/75.4.800 Published: 01 December 1988 Article history Received: 01 February 1988 Revision received: 01 July 1988 Published: 01 December 1988
Enhancement of electro‐optical properties in holographic polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal films by incorporation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes into a polyurethane acrylate matrix (2010)

Abstract Holographic polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) films were fabricated with varying amounts of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to optimize the electro‐optical performance of the HPDLC films. The MWCNTs were well dispersed in the prepolymer mixture up to 0.5 wt%, implying that polyurethane acrylate (PUA) oligomer chains wrap the MWCNTs along their length, resulting in high diffraction efficiency and good phase separation. The hardness and elastic modulus of the polymer matrix were enhanced with increasing amounts of MWCNTs because of the reinforcement effect of the MWCNTs with intrinsically good mechanical properties. The increased elasticity of the PUA matrix and the immiscibility between the matrix and the liquid crystals (LCs) gradually increased the diffraction efficiency of the HPDLC films. However, the diffraction efficiency of HPDLC films with more than 0.05 wt% MWCNTs was reduced, caused by poor phase separation between the matrix and LCs because of the high viscosity of the reactive mixture. HPDLC films showing a low driving voltage (&lt;3 V µm −1 ), a fast response time (&lt;10 ms) and a high diffraction efficiency (&gt;75%) could be obtained with 0.05 wt% MWCNTs at 40 wt% LCs. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Tunable Yb:KYW laser using a transversely chirped volume Bragg grating (2009)

We demonstrate a diode-pumped Yb:KYW laser, where the wavelength is controlled by a transversely chirped volume-Bragg-grating, also used as the laser output coupler. By translating the grating, the wavelength could be tuned from 997 nm to 1016 nm, with a spectral bandwidth of 13 GHz and a power up to 3.3 W. The laser cavity is simple and compact, and the tuning method is generally applicable to many other laser systems.
Y4 receptor knockout rescues fertility in ob/ob mice (2002)

Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been implicated in the regulation of energy balance and reproduction, and chronically elevated NPY levels in the hypothalamus are associated with obesity and reduced reproductive function. However, it is not known which one of the five cloned Y receptors mediates these effects. Here we show that crossing the Y4 receptor knockout mouse (Y4(-/-)) onto the ob/ob background restores the reduced plasma testosterone levels of ob/ob mice as well as the reduced testis and seminal vesicle size and morphology to control values. Fertility in the sterile ob/ob mice was greatly improved by Y4 receptor deletion, with 100% of male and 50% of female Y4(-/-),ob/ob double knockout mice producing live offspring. Development of the mammary ducts and lobuloalveoli was significantly enhanced in pregnant Y4(-/-) and Y4(-/-),ob/ob females. Consistent with the improved fertility and enhanced mammary gland development, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) expression was significantly increased in Y4(-/-) and Y4(-/-),ob/ob animals. Y4(-/-) mice displayed lower body weight and reduced white adipose tissue mass accompanied by increased plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP). However, Y4 deficiency had no beneficial effects to reduce body weight or excessive adiposity of ob/ob mice. These data suggest that central Y4 receptor signaling specifically inhibits reproductive function under conditions of elevated central NPY-ergic tonus.
“Artificial muscle”: Electromechanical actuators using polyaniline films (1995)

Polyaniline films are found to expand and contract by electrochemical oxidation and reduction, respectively. Two polyaniline films are used as cathode and anode muscles. In this system, the proton transfer between the films are essential chemical reaction. Two types of actuators, viz., “Backbone-type” and “Shell-type” actuators have been fabricated. The “Backbone-type” actuator responded to the frequency of more than 44Hz. The “Shell-type” actuator can be operated in free space.
Natural history of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria using modern diagnostic assays (2004)

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is an uncommon, acquired disorder of blood cells caused by mutation of the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIG-A) gene. The disease often manifests with haemoglobinuria, peripheral blood cytopenias, and venous thrombosis. The natural history of PNH has been documented in retrospective series; but there has only been one study that correlated the more sensitive and specific flow cytometric assays that have become available in the last decade with severe symptoms associated with PNH. In a retrospective analysis of 49 consecutive patients with PNH evaluated at Johns Hopkins, large PNH clones were associated with an increased risk for thrombosis as well as haemoglobinuria, abdominal pain, oesophageal spasm, and impotence. Of the 14 (29%) patients that developed thrombosis, nine died; six of these from complications related to thromboses. According to logistic regression modelling, for a 10% change in PNH clone size, the odds ratio for risk of thrombosis was estimated to be 1.64. No patient with <61% PNH granulocytes developed a thrombosis, whereas 12 of 22 patients (54.5%) with > or =61% PNH granulocytes manifested with thrombosis. These data not only confirm that the size of the PNH clone correlates with the risk for thrombosis, but they also suggest a correlation of PNH clone size to more symptomatic PNH.
Separate CT-reconstruction for 3D wavelet based noise reduction using correlation analysis (2007)

The projection data measured in computed tomography (CT) and, consequently, the volumes reconstructed from these data contain noise. For a reliable diagnosis and subsequent image processing, like segmentation, the ratio between relevant tissue contrasts and the noise amplitude must be sufficiently large. We propose a novel 3D wavelet based method for structure- preserving noise reduction in CT. By separate reconstructions from disjoint subsets of projections, two volumes can be computed, which only differ with respect to noise. Two disjoint subsets of projections can be directly acquired using a dual- source CT-scanner. Otherwise, the two volumes can be generated by reconstructing even and odd numbered projections separately. Correlation analysis between the approximation coefficients of the two input datasets, combined with an orientation and position dependent noise estimation are used for differentiating between structure and noise at each level of the wavelet decomposition. The proposed method adapts itself to the locally varying noise power and allows an anisotropic denoising. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation on phantom and clinical data showed that noise reduction rates up to 60% can be achieved without noticeable loss of resolution.
Protein Lysine Acylation and Cysteine Succination by Intermediates of Energy Metabolism (2012)

In the past few years, several new protein post-translational modifications that use intermediates in metabolism have been discovered. These include various acyl lysine modifications (formylation, propionylation, butyrylation, crotonylation, malonylation, succinylation, myristoylation) and cysteine succination. Here, we review the discovery and the current understanding of these modifications. Several of these modifications are regulated by the deacylases, sirtuins, which use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an important metabolic small molecule. Interestingly, several of these modifications in turn regulate the activity of metabolic enzymes. These new modifications reveal interesting connections between metabolism and protein post-translational modifications and raise many questions for future investigations.
The transcription factor Slug repressesE-cadherinexpression and induces epithelial to mesenchymal transitions: a comparison with Snail and E47 repressors (2002)

Transcriptional repression mechanisms have emerged as one of the crucial processes for the downregulation of E-cadherin expression during development and tumour progression. Recently, several E-cadherin transcriptional repressors have been characterized (Snail, E12/E47, ZEB-1 and SIP-1) and shown to act through an interaction with proximal E-boxes of the E-cadherin promoter. We have analyzed the participation of another member of the Snail family, Slug, and observed that it also behaves as a repressor of E-cadherin expression. Stable expression of Slug in MDCK cells leads to the full repression of E-cadherin at transcriptional level and triggers a complete epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Slug-induced repression of E-cadherin is mediated by its binding to proximal E-boxes, particularly to the E-pal element of the mouse promoter. Detailed analysis of the binding affinity of different repressors to the E-pal element indicates that Slug binds with lower affinity than Snail and E47 proteins. These results, together with the known expression patterns of these factors in embryonic development and carcinoma cell lines, support the idea that the in vivo action of the different factors in E-cadherin repression can be modulated by their relative concentrations as well as by specific cellular or tumour contexts.
Evidence of apoptotic cell death after experimental traumatic brain injury in the rat. (1995)

Apoptosis plays an important role in many developmental and pathological processes of the central nervous system. However, the role of apoptosis in traumatic brain injury has not been determined. Using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) method, we detected many cells with extensive DNA fragmentation in different regions of the brains of rats subjected to experimental traumatic brain injury. Two types of TUNEL-positive cells were demonstrated by light and electron microscopy, including type I cells that displayed morphological features of necrotic cell death and type II cells that displayed morphological features of classic apoptotic cell death. TUNEL-positive cells were detectable for up to 72 hours after the initial injury. Gel electrophoresis of DNA extracted from affected areas of the injured brain containing both type I and II cells revealed only internucleosomal fragmentation at 185-bp intervals, a feature originally described in apoptotic cell death. These data suggest that apoptosis, in addition to necrotic cell death, occurs after traumatic brain injury, and that internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA may be associated with certain types of necrotic cell death.
Association of Melkersson‐Rosenthal Syndrome with Rosacea (1996)

A rare case of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome with all the cardinal signs of the triad, including facial swelling, facial nerve palsy and glossitis, is described. The additional feature of this case was an association with rosacea.
Inhibition of murine tumor growth by an interferon-inducing imidazoquinolinamine. (1992)

The low-molecular-weight imidazoquinolinamine derivative, 1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine (imiquimod, previously described as R-837), induced alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) in mice. IFN induction was identified at oral doses as low as 3 mg/kg. The 10% lethal dose for daily treatment with imiquimod was 200 mg/kg. Oral treatment with 30 mg/kg imiquimod once every three days significantly inhibited MC-26 colon carcinoma. Delay of treatment from day 1 to day 5, when tumors were easily palpable, did not reduce benefits. Ten daily treatments were slightly more effective than five. However, delivery of the same total dose of imiquimod either once every day for 20 days, once every 4 days, once every 7 days, or once every 10 days inhibited tumor growth to the same level. The antitumor effects of imiquimod were significantly abrogated by an antiserum to murine IFN-alpha, suggesting that the antitumor effect was to a substantial extent mediated by IFN induction. Imiquimod also significantly reduced the number of lung colonies in mice inoculated i.v. with MC-26 tumor cells. Combination of treatment with imiquimod and cyclophosphamide was significantly (P less than 0.01) better than treatment with either drug alone. Combination treatment with cyclophosphamide led to cures in some of the mice inoculated either s.c. or i.v. with MC-26 cells. Treatment with imiquimod also inhibited the growth of RIF-1 sarcoma and Lewis lung carcinoma but was ineffective for P388 leukemia. Imiquimod is an oral IFN-alpha inducer with antitumor effectiveness for transplantable murine tumors.
A Fifth-Generation Routing Switcher Control System (1985)

Over the years, routing switcher matrices have become larger and the control systems more complex. Control systems have evolved from simple wire-per-crosspoint designs to microprocessor-based designs. The use of microprocessors has produced powerful, flexible control systems, but at the same time, increases the difficulty of locating faults. This article describes a fifth-generation system that provides many functions that are indispensable for system maintenance and modification. The heart of the system is an RS-232 serial port dedicated to an installation/maintenance terminal. All installation-dependent information is contained in EEPROM. Thus, once configured via the terminal, these parameters are retained unless reconfigured.
Partial and approximate symmetry detection for 3D geometry (2006)

"Symmetry is a complexity-reducing concept [...]; seek it every-where." - Alan J. PerlisMany natural and man-made objects exhibit significant symmetries or contain repeated substructures. This paper presents a new algorithm that processes geometric models and efficiently discovers and extracts a compact representation of their Euclidean symmetries. These symmetries can be partial, approximate, or both. The method is based on matching simple local shape signatures in pairs and using these matches to accumulate evidence for symmetries in an appropriate transformation space. A clustering stage extracts potential significant symmetries of the object, followed by a verification step. Based on a statistical sampling analysis, we provide theoretical guarantees on the success rate of our algorithm. The extracted symmetry graph representation captures important high-level information about the structure of a geometric model which in turn enables a large set of further processing operations, including shape compression, segmentation, consistent editing, symmetrization, indexing for retrieval, etc.
Characterization of an arylesterase from Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32 (2000)

An esterase gene (estA) was isolated from a previously constructed genomic library of Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32. The estA gene consisted of a 558 bp open reading frame encoding a putative peptide of 21.3 kDa. Protein sequence homology searches using BLAST revealed that EstA had low amino acid sequence identity with the serine-dependent arylesterases TesI (24%) and EtpA (26%) from Escherichia coli and Vibrio mimicus, respectively. A recombinant EstA fusion protein containing a C-terminal six-histidine tag was constructed and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. Characterization of EstA revealed that it was a serine-dependent enzyme having a monomeric Mr of 22.6-25.1 kDa. Optimum temperature, NaCl concentration and pH for EstA activity were determined to be 35-40 degrees C, 3.5% NaCl and 7.5-8.0, respectively. EstA had significant activity under conditions simulating those of ripening cheese (10 degrees C, 4% NaCl, pH 5.1). EstA hydrolysed a variety of ester compounds and preferred those with substituted phenyl alcohol and short-chain fatty acid groups. Site-directed mutagenesis suggested that the S10 and H164 residues were essential for EstA activity.
Facial expression recognition as a candidate marker for autism spectrum disorder: how frequent and severe are deficits? (2018)

These findings indicate that the majority of people with ASD have severe expression recognition deficits and that the Films Expression Test is a sensitive task for biomarker research in ASD. Future work is needed to establish whether ASD subgroups with and without expression recognition deficits differ from one another in terms of their symptom profile or neurobiological underpinnings.