gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Automated remote monitoring of structural behavior via the Internet</title> (1996)

Currently there exists sufficient sensor and computational technology to allow an individual to instrument full scale structures and record numerous input channel records. In past practice significant effort was on refining the mechanical task of data acquisition. While the aforementioned venue has been thoroughly explored and expanded, the more labor intensive task of data reduction, analysis, and interpretation remains largely unchanged. Such analysis tasks are most commonly performed by technical personnel with the aid of a computer. Provided that the data analysis procedure can be clearly defined, this procedure is a fitting candidate for automation. Given the current advances in desktop workstation flexibility, the possibility of an automated intelligent signal processing and health monitoring system for an instrumented structure (located at a remote site) is well within our grasp. With the addition of current Internet interaction technology, this system would enable an engineer to contact and/or monitor a structure at a remote location, using minimal hardware (laptop PC, modem, and an internet account), from virtually anywhere in the world. This paper describes a deployed use of internet-based utilities to 'call up' a remote instrumented structure to monitor and assess its condition and behavior in near real-time. The structure, a 50 m high luminaire tower, has been instrumented both before and after it was retrofitted with fluid viscous dampers to reduce windstorm-induced fatigue demands on its anchorages. With the addition of internet-based hypertext utilities, an engineer can contact and monitor the goings-on at such an instrumented structure at a remote location, from virtually anywhere in the world. In the described case study, the processing workstation calls the PC-based data acquisition system at the remote structure, downloads the current data, processes and analyzes the data and produces summary reports compatible with World Wide Web hypertext based internet browsing software. System results can be used to provide insight into the efficacy of the damper retrofit as well as the accuracy of modeling assumptions used during the design process.
Long-Reach 1060 nm SM VCSEL - SMF Optical Interconnects (2018)

We explore the low-cost, low-power GaAs-VCSEL technology for long-reach interconnects at 1060 nm. With reduced fiber attenuation and chromatic dispersion compared to 850 nm, we demonstrate error-free 40 Gbps OOK-NRZ transmission over 2 km SMF using a SM VCSEL.
Changes in Concentrations of Free Propofol by Modification of the Solution (2005)

Neither mixing lidocaine nor cooling reduced the concentrations of free propofol in both products but the concentrations were reduced by a decrease in pH and by an increase in temperature. Propofol medium- and long-chain triglycerides had significantly smaller concentrations by approximately 30%-45% than those in propofol long-chain triglycerides during any situation in this study.
Detection of Individual Microbubbles of Ultrasound Contrast Agents (2004)

Ultrasound medical systems can resolve backscatter signals from individual microbubbles of ultrasound contrast, both in solution and in the targeted immobilized state, implying picogram sensitivity.
Multifunctional Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films:  Combining Mechanical Resistance, Biodegradability, and Bioactivity (2006)

Cross-linked polyelectrolyte multilayer films (CL PEM) have an increased rigidity and are mechanically more resistant than native (e.g., uncrosslinked) films. However, they are still biodegradable, which make them interesting candidates for biomedical applications. In this study, CL PEM films have been explored for their multifunctional properties as (i) mechanically resistant, (ii) biodegradable, and (iii) bioactive films. Toward this end, we investigated drug loading into CL chitosan/hyaluronan (CHI/HA) and poly(L-lysine)/hyaluronan (PLL/HA) films by simple diffusion of the drugs. Sodium diclofenac and paclitaxel were chosen as model drugs and were successfully loaded into the films. The effect of varying the number of layers in the (CHI/HA) films as well as the cross-linker concentration on diclofenac loading were studied. Diclofenac was released from the film in about 10 h. Paclitaxel was also found to diffuse within CL films. Its activity was maintained after loading in the CL films, and cellular viability could be reduced by about 55% over 3 days. Such a simple approach may be applied to other types of cross-linked films and to other drugs. These results prove that it is possible to design multifunctional multilayer films that combine mechanical resistance, biodegradability, and bioactivity properties into a single PEM architecture.
Differential activation of the endogenous leukotriene biosynthesis by two different preparations of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in healthy volunteers (1993)

Results from in vitro investigations and recent data obtained in patients with drug-induced cytopenia or myelodysplasia suggest that leukotrienes may be involved in mediating some of the actions of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In the present study, the possible role of leukotrienes was further characterized in 21 healthy individuals to avoid modification of response to GM-CSF by disease-specific variables. The effects of two different preparations of human recombinant GM-CSF, ie, glycosylated GM- CSF as expressed in a Chinese hamster ovary carcinoma (CHO) cell line and nonglycosylated GM-CSF obtained from Escherichia coli, were compared. GM-CSF was administered subcutaneously at a single dose of 0.7 nmol/kg body weight. Pharmacokinetic parameters and hematopoietic and adverse effects were monitored by blood analyses or physical examination, respectively. Leukotriene generation in vivo was evaluated by determination of leukotriene E4 and N-acetyl-leukotriene E4 in urine. After the injection of GM-CSF from E coli, serum concentrations increased and decreased more rapidly and reached a 2.3-fold higher maximum compared with GM-CSF from CHO. GM-CSF induced a biphasic change in leukocyte counts that proceeded considerably faster after the E coli preparation than after GM-CSF from CHO. The urinary leukotriene concentration increased 1.3- to 14-fold or 2.1- to 44-fold after the administration of GM-CSF from CHO or E coli, respectively. Urinary leukotriene concentrations correlated significantly with the maximum of basophil counts and correlated with the occurrence of some adverse reactions, ie, flu-like symptoms, bone pain, or dyspnoea. Our data confirm the conception that leukotrienes may play a significant role in GM-CSF action in vivo. They especially direct attention to the possible relevance of leukotrienes to untoward effects of GM-CSF treatment.
General Theory of Three-Dimensional Consolidation (1941)

The settlement of soils under load is caused by a phenomenon called consolidation, whose mechanism is known to be in many cases identical with the process of squeezing water out of an elastic porous medium. The mathematical physical consequences of this viewpoint are established in the present paper. The number of physical constants necessary to determine the properties of the soil is derived along with the general equations for the prediction of settlements and stresses in three-dimensional problems. Simple applications are treated as examples. The operational calculus is shown to be a powerful method of solution of consolidation problems.
Facet engineered elevated source/drain by selective Si epitaxy for 0.35 micron MOSFETS (1992)

A novel facet-engineered elevated source/drain formation design is presented. It is found that the ex situ clean prior to selective Si epitaxial growth (SEG) determines the resulting facets on the SEG-source/drain. We show that low angle facets are very advantageous for minimizing parasitic Miller capacitances, while simultaneously grading the source/drain junction near the gate edge and retrieving the source/drain junction from the substrate elsewhere, thus reducing the junction capacitance. Further, we show that both a strong current drive (I/sub DS/) increase and a reduction in parasitic junction capacitance can be realized with facet-engineered phosphorus doped SEG-source/drain with no detrimental effects to short channel device behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanism of Inhibition of Vaccinia Virus DNA Polymerase by Cidofovir Diphosphate (2005)

Cidofovir (CDV) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that has been approved for clinical use in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. It has also been used off label to treat a variety of other viral infections, including those caused by orf and molluscum contagiosum poxviruses. Because it is a dCMP analog, CDV is thought to act by inhibiting viral DNA polymerases. However, the details of the inhibitory mechanism are not well established and nothing is known about the mechanism by which the drug inhibits poxvirus DNA polymerases. To address this concern, we have studied the effect of the active intracellular metabolite of CDV, CDV diphosphate (CDVpp), on reactions catalyzed by vaccinia virus DNA polymerase. Using different primer-template pairs and purified vaccinia virus polymerase, we observed that CDV is incorporated into the growing DNA strand opposite template G's but the enzyme exhibits a lower catalytic efficiency compared with dCTP. CDV-terminated primers are also good substrates for the next deoxynucleoside monophosphate addition step, but these CDV + 1 reaction products are poor substrates for further rounds of synthesis. We also noted that although CDV can be excised from the primer 3' terminus by the 3'-to-5' proofreading exonuclease activity of vaccinia virus polymerase, DNAs bearing CDV as the penultimate 3' residue are completely resistant to exonuclease attack. These results show that vaccinia virus DNA polymerase can use CDVpp as a dCTP analog, albeit one that slows the rate of primer extension. By inhibiting the activity of the proofreading exonuclease, the misincorporation of CDV could also promote error-prone DNA synthesis during poxvirus replication.
Culture conditions for human embryonic stem cells (2006)

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines have been derived and cultured in variable conditions. The idea behind derivation of hESC lines is to use them in human cell transplantation after differentiation, but already now these cells are widely used for research purposes. Despite similarities among the established lines, important differences have been reported between them, and it has been difficult to compare the results obtained using different lines. Recent optimization of hESC culture conditions has moved from cultures on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in fetal bovine serum-containing medium towards feeder-free culture methods using more defined animal substance-free cultures. The aim has been to establish robust and cost-effective systems for culturing these cells and eliminate the risk of infection transmitted by animal pathogens and immunoreactions caused by animal substances in cell cultures before clinical treatment. It is important to take these modifications into account when carrying out research using these cells. It is known that culture conditions influence gene expression and, hence, probably many properties of the cells. Optimization and standardization of culture methods is needed for research as well as for clinical purposes.
Suppression of reaginic antibody formation. I. Induction of hapten-specific tolerance. (1975)

Reaginic antibodies to DNP and ovalbumin were indcued readily in B6D2F1 mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of 1 mug of DNP-ovalbumin suspended with 1 mg aluminum hydroxide in 0.5 ml of saline. The formation of anti-DNP reaginic antibody was completely suppressed by treatment of mice with a conjugate consisting of the hapten coupled to an isolgous nonimmunogenic carrier, viz., murine phi-globulins. However, this treatment did not affect the level of antibody formation to the carrier of the immunizing antigen. The induction of unresponsiveness was dose dependent, complete suppression being achieved with 1 mg of the tolerogen. The state of unresponsiveness could be maintained for prolonged periods (these observations were made over a period of at least 8 months) by repeated injections of the tolerogen at intervals of 2 months. More importantly, the state of unresponsiveness could be induced readily not only in normal, but also in sensitized mice, i.e., this treatment was capable of abrogating an ongoing reaginic response, and the suppression was immunologically specific. Hence this system appears to have a great potential for adaptation to the treatment of allergic diseases in man.
Cancer genetics-guided discovery of serum biomarker signatures for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer (2011)

A key barrier to the realization of personalized medicine for cancer is the identification of biomarkers. Here we describe a two-stage strategy for the discovery of serum biomarker signatures corresponding to specific cancer-causing mutations and its application to prostate cancer (PCa) in the context of the commonly occurring phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor-suppressor gene inactivation. In the first stage of our approach, we identified 775 N-linked glycoproteins from sera and prostate tissue of wild-type and Pten-null mice. Using label-free quantitative proteomics, we showed that Pten inactivation leads to measurable perturbations in the murine prostate and serum glycoproteome. Following bioinformatic prioritization, in a second stage we applied targeted proteomics to detect and quantify 39 human ortholog candidate biomarkers in the sera of PCa patients and control individuals. The resulting proteomic profiles were analyzed by machine learning to build predictive regression models for tissue PTEN status and diagnosis and grading of PCa. Our approach suggests a general path to rational cancer biomarker discovery and initial validation guided by cancer genetics and based on the integration of experimental mouse models, proteomics-based technologies, and computational modeling.
Cell-Based Fish: A Novel Approach to Seafood Production and an Opportunity for Cellular Agriculture (2019)

Cellular agriculture is defined as the production of agricultural products from cell cultures rather than from whole plants or animals. With growing interest in cellular agriculture as a means to address public health, environmental, and animal welfare challenges of animal agriculture, the concept of producing seafood from fish cell- and tissue-cultures is emerging as an approach to address similar challenges with industrial aquaculture systems and marine capture. Cell-based seafood—as opposed to animal-based seafood—can combine developments in biomedical engineering with modern aquaculture techniques. Biomedical engineering developments such as closed-system bioreactor production of land animal cells create a basis for the large scale production of marine animal cells. Aquaculture techniques such as genetic modification and closed system aquaculture have achieved significant gains in production that can pave the way for innovations in cell-based seafood production. Here, we present the current state of innovation relevant to the development of cell-based seafood across multiple species, as well as specific opportunities and challenges that exist for advancing this science. The authors find that the physiological properties of fish cell- and tissue- culture may be uniquely suited to cultivation in vitro. These physiological properties, including tolerance to hypoxia, high buffering capacity, and low-temperature growth conditions, make marine cell culture an attractive opportunity for scaled production of cell-based seafood; perhaps even more so than mammalian and avian cell cultures for cell-based meats. This opportunity, coupled with the unique capabilities of crustacean tissue-friendly scaffolding such as chitosan, a common seafood waste product and mushroom derivative, presents promise for cell-based seafood production via bioreactor cultivation. To become fully realized, cell-based seafood research will require more understanding of fish muscle cell and tissue cultivation; more investigation into serum-free media formulations optimized for fish cell culture; and bioreactor designs tuned to the needs of fish cells for large scale production.
Thermodynamic Limits for Some Light-Producing Devices (1968)

A thermodynamic upper limit for the energy efficiency $\ensuremath{\eta}$ of light energy output to pump energy input is obtained. It is of a general form, and is applied to lasers and to electroluminescent diodes when these are in a steady state. The theory generalizes previous work, notably the results $\ensuremath{\eta}&lt;\frac{1\ensuremath{-}T}{{T}_{p}}$ (Mazurenko, lasers) and $\ensuremath{\eta}&lt;{[\frac{1\ensuremath{-}T}{{T}_{L}}]}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (Weinstein, diodes), where ${T}_{p}$ and ${T}_{L}$ are effective temperatures associated with the pumping system and the emitted light, respectively. For a GaAs diode, experimental work at the ambient temperature $T={300}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$K has been analyzed to yield $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.1$ to 6% for various forward currents. The internal entropy generation rate for the same diode, per electron crossing the device, is estimated at 30 to 50 Boltzmann constants.
Times Square: Public Space Disneyfied (1998)

March 01 1998 Times Square: Public Space Disneyfied John Bell John Bell Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information John Bell Online Issn: 1531-4715 Print Issn: 1054-2043 © 1998 New York University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology1998 TDR/The Drama Review (1998) 42 (1 (157)): 24–25. https://doi.org/10.1162/105420498760308643 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation John Bell; Times Square: Public Space Disneyfied. TDR/The Drama Review 1998; 42: 1 (157), 24–25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/105420498760308643 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsTDR/The Drama Review Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1998 New York University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology1998 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Localization of the site of the IgG molecule that regulates maternofetal transmission in mice (1996)

Site-directed mutagenesis of a recombinant Fc hinge fragment has recently been used to localize the site of the mouse IgG1 (mIgG1) molecule that is involved in the intestinal transfer of recombinant Fc hinge fragments in neonatal mice. This site encompasses Ile-253, His-310, Gln-311, His-433 and Asn-434, localized at the CH2-CH3 domain interface and overlapping with the staphylococcal protein A-binding and catabolic sites. In the present study, the effect of these mutations on the maternofetal transfer of Fc hinge fragments has been studied. Experiments to analyze transfer of radiolabeled Fc hinge fragments from the circulation of 15-18 day pregnant mice to fetuses in utero demonstrate that the mutations affect the maternofetal transmission in a way that correlates closely with the effects of the mutations on intestinal transfer and catabolism. The studies indicate that the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, is involved in transcytosis across both yolk sac and neonatal intestine in addition to the regulation of IgG catabolism.
Assessing the genetic diversity of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) varieties (2012)

Edrisi Maryan, K., H. Samizadeh Lahiji, and M. Shoaei Deylami. 2012. Assessing the genetic diversity of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) varieties. Crop Breeding Journal 2(2): 125-132. The genetic diversity of 40 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivars was analyzed using 12 ISSR primers. The cultivars were evaluated for 14 traits using a simple lattice design (7×7) with two replications. Of 149 amplified bands, 142 (95.3%) were polymorphic. Maximum and minimum bands were generated by primers UBC825 (17 bands and 94.11% polymorphic) and UBC824 (7 bands and 100% polymorphic), respectively. Of the studied primers, UBC824 showed maximum Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) (0.43) and the highest genetic diversity, and thus could be used in future genetic diversity studies. In principal coordinate analysis using a similarity matrix, the first two coordinates, which are the main coordinates, explained 41.97% of the total variance. Cluster analysis was performed to determine the genetic relationship of tobacco cultivars using the un-weighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) based on morphological traits and ISSR markers separately. Plant genotypes were divided into nine main groups of flue-cured tobacco cultivars, and a cophenetic correlation coefficient was calculated (r = 0.9), indicating the usefulness of the UPGMA method for clustering plant genotypes. Cluster analysis based on morphological traits divided the studied genotypes into five groups using the UPGMA method. Results of canonical discriminate function analysis using the Fisher Linear method showed that the UPGMA method separated the genotypes with 100% accuracy. Both clusters were consistent with the geographical origins of the cultivars.
Imidazolinone‐tolerant crops: history, current status and future (2004)

Imidazolinone herbicides, which include imazapyr, imazapic, imazethapyr, imazamox, imazamethabenz and imazaquin, control weeds by inhibiting the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also called acetolactate synthase (ALS). AHAS is a critical enzyme for the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids in plants. Several variant AHAS genes conferring imidazolinone tolerance were discovered in plants through mutagenesis and selection, and were used to create imidazolinone-tolerant maize (Zea mays L), wheat (Triticum aestivum L), rice (Oryza sativa L), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L). These crops were developed using conventional breeding methods and commercialized as Clearfield* crops from 1992 to the present. Imidazolinone herbicides control a broad spectrum of grass and broadleaf weeds in imidazolinone-tolerant crops, including weeds that are closely related to the crop itself and some key parasitic weeds. Imidazolinone-tolerant crops may also prevent rotational crop injury and injury caused by interaction between AHAS-inhibiting herbicides and insecticides. A single target-site mutation in the AHAS gene may confer tolerance to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides, so that it is technically possible to develop the imidazolinone-tolerance trait in many crops. Activities are currently directed toward the continued improvement of imidazolinone tolerance and development of new Clearfield* crops. Management of herbicide-resistant weeds and gene flow from crops to weeds are issues that must be considered with the development of any herbicide-resistant crop. Thus extensive stewardship programs have been developed to address these issues for Clearfield* crops.
Influence of vector design and host cell on the mechanism of recombination and emergence of mutant subpopulations of replicating retroviral vectors (2009)

Our data provide further evidence that MLV-based RCR vectors based on the Moloney strain of MLV and containing the transgene cassette in the 3' UTR region are superior to those based on Akv-MLV and/or containing the transgene cassette in the U3 region of the LTR. The observed discrepancies between the data obtained in solid tumours in vivo and our own and previously published data from infected cells in vitro demonstrates the importance of evaluating vectors designed for use in cancer gene therapy in vivo as well as in vitro.