gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control and implementation of a powered lower limb orthosis to aid walking in paraplegic individuals (2011)

This paper describes a powered lower-limb orthosis that is intended to provide gait assistance to spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals by providing assistive torques at both hip and knee joints, along with a user interface and control structure that enables control of the powered orthosis via upper-body influence. The orthosis and control structure was experimentally implemented on a paraplegic subject (T10 complete) in order to provide a preliminary characterization of its capability to provide basic walking. Data and video is presented from these initial trials, which indicates that the orthosis and controller are able to effectively provide walking within parallel bars at an average speed of 0.8 km/hr.
Material Approaches to Stretchable Strain Sensors (2015)

With the recent progress made in wearable electronics, devices now require high flexibility and stretchability up to large strain levels (typically larger than 30 % strain). Wearable strain sensors or deformable strain sensors have been gaining increasing research interest because of the rapid development of electronic skins and robotics and because of their biomedical applications. Conventional brittle strain sensors made of metals and piezoresistors are not applicable for such stretchable sensors. This Review summarizes recent advances in stretchable sensors and focuses on material aspects for high stretchability and sensitivity. It begins with a brief introduction to the Wheatstone bridge circuit of conventional resistive strain sensors. Then, studies on the manipulation of materials are reviewed, including waved structural approaches for making metals and semiconductors stretchable, the use of liquid metals, and conductive filler/elastomer composites by using percolation among the fillers. For capacitive strain sensors, the constant conductivity of the electrode is a key factor in obtaining reliable sensors. Possible approaches to developing capacitive strain sensors are presented. This Review concludes with a discussion on the major challenges and perspectives related to stretchable strain sensors.
A hashing scheme for phone number portability in PCS systems with ATM backbones (2002)

Current cellular subscribers have a geographic phone number (e.g. in AMPS and US digital cellular systems) or a number which contains the network provider's identity (e.g. in GSM), and whenever subscribers register or receive (and possibly, originate) a call, a home location register (HLR) database has to be queried. A special feature of next generation wireless access service will be to support PCS and wireless subscribers with portable personal numbers, or non-geographic phone numbers (NGPN), that do not indicate the service provider or HLR database serving the user. In addition the global title translation (GTT) function that converts the subscriber's number to an HLR database address may not be available when the wired backbone is an ATM network. Thus a key function required will be to translate an NGPN to the ID of the HLR which serves the subscriber, a process we call NGPN translation. (Note that the same functionality is also needed for subscribers with local, portable phone numbers.) We discuss the requirements of NGPN translation and some alternative schemes. We propose a scheme for fast, efficient, scalable and flexible NGPN translation which applies ideas of dynamic hashing, caching, and indirection. The scheme uses a hash function in the visiting location registers (VLR) (or serving SCP) and a set of distributed translation servers which store the NGPN-to-HLR mapping.
MyD88/CD40 Genetic Adjuvant Function in Cutaneous Atypical Antigen-Presenting Cells Contributes to DNA Vaccine Immunogenicity (2016)

Therapeutic DNA-based vaccines aim to prime an adaptive host immune response against tumor-associated antigens, eliminating cancer cells primarily through CD8+ cytotoxic T cell-mediated destruction. To be optimally effective, immunological adjuvants are required for the activation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells responses by DNA vaccination. Here, we describe enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of an in vivo electroporation-delivered DNA vaccine by inclusion of a genetically encoded chimeric MyD88/CD40 (MC) adjuvant, which integrates both innate and adaptive immune signaling pathways. When incorporated into a DNA vaccine, signaling by the MC adjuvant increased antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and promoted elimination of pre-established tumors. Interestingly, MC-enhanced vaccine efficacy did not require direct-expression of either antigen or adjuvant by local antigen-presenting cells, but rather our data supports a key role for MC function in "atypical" antigen-presenting cells of skin. In particular, MC adjuvant-modified keratinocytes increased inflammatory cytokine secretion, upregulated surface MHC class I, and were able to increase in vitro and in vivo priming of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, in the absence of critical CD8α+/CD103+ cross-priming dendritic cells, MC was still able to promote immune priming in vivo, albeit at a reduced level. Altogether, our data support a mechanism by which MC signaling activates an inflammatory phenotype in atypical antigen-presenting cells within the cutaneous vaccination site, leading to an enhanced CD8+ T cell response against DNA vaccine-encoded antigens, through both CD8α+/CD103+ dendritic cell-dependent and independent pathways.
4D-Ready Towed-Streamer Data and the Foinaven Benchmark (2000)

Abstract Time-lapse (or 4D) seismic is emerging as a key reservoir management tool, and towed-streamer configurations offer a cost-effective method for acquiring 4D surveys. Successful 4D imaging requires that the non-repeatable noise should be weaker than the 4D signal, however, poor control of repeatability perturbations often masks any changes in the reservoir. Analysis of the Foinaven Active Reservoir Management (FARM) 4D datasets, comparing permanently-installed sea-bed receivers with conventional towed-streamer seismic acquisition technologies, has revealed much about the factors that influence successful 4D imaging. Data from both the sea-bed-cable surveys and the towed-streamer surveys are very well repeated, with the sea-bed-cable data showing the higher repeatability. We infer that a significant factor in this success is the exacting control of acquisition parameters, and that the improved response from the sea-bed-cable surveys is due to the use of receivers that occupy identical positions in the baseline and repeat surveys. This paper describes a new acquisition system specifically designed for reservoir characterization and 4D seismic, which enables control of repeatability factors through advances in marine seismic technology. This system will deliver the high-quality 4D seismic data that are needed to reveal subtle reservoir parameters.
Dysregulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis in Human Prostate Cancer through Loss of ABCA1 (2012)

Recent epidemiologic data show that low serum cholesterol level as well as statin use is associated with a decreased risk of developing aggressive or advanced prostate cancer, suggesting a role for cholesterol in aggressive prostate cancer development. Intracellular cholesterol promotes prostate cancer progression as a substrate for de novo androgen synthesis and through regulation of AKT signaling. By conducting next-generation sequencing-based DNA methylome analysis, we have discovered marked hypermethylation at the promoter of the major cellular cholesterol efflux transporter, ABCA1, in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. ABCA1 promoter hypermethylation renders the promoter unresponsive to transactivation and leads to elevated cholesterol levels in LNCaP. ABCA1 promoter hypermethylation is enriched in intermediate- to high-grade prostate cancers and not detectable in benign prostate. Remarkably, ABCA1 downregulation is evident in all prostate cancers examined, and expression levels are inversely correlated with Gleason grade. Our results suggest that cancer-specific ABCA1 hypermethylation and loss of protein expression direct high intracellular cholesterol levels and hence contribute to an environment conducive to tumor progression.
In vivo effects of human recombinant interleukin 6 on hemopoietic stem and progenitor cells and circulating blood cells in normal mice. (1990)

Recombinant human interleukin 6 (rhIL-6) was administered s.c. every 12 h at a daily dose of 10 micrograms/kg body weight to normal healthy mice. After 4 days the numbers of progenitor cells (erythroid burst-forming units, BFU-E and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells, GM-CFC) were significantly increased (p less than 0.01) in the bone marrows and spleens of treated animals. There was no significant change in spleen colony forming unit (CFU-S) number, whereas mixed-lineage colony-forming cell (Mix-CFC) number was elevated only in bone marrow. The number of nucleated cells in peripheral blood was increased in rhIL-6-treated mice, resulting from a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in neutrophil numbers and a decrease in lymphocyte numbers. The number of platelets in these animals was also higher than in controls (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that rhIL-6 is an effective stimulator of unipotent hemopoietic cells of myeloid, erythroid, and thrombocytic lineages when administered in vivo to mice and indicate a possible therapeutic potential of IL-6 in clinical situations.
Structural Determinants of the Interaction between the erbB2 Receptor and the Src Homology 2 Domain of Grb7 (1997)

The Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein Grb7 and the erbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase are overexpressed in a subset of human breast cancers. They also co-immunoprecipitate from cell lysates and associate directly in vitro. Whereas the Grb7 SH2 domain binds strongly to erbB2, the SH2 domain of Grb14, a protein closely related to Grb7, does not. We have investigated the preferred binding site of Grb7 within the erbB2 intracellular domain and the SH2 domain residues that determine the high affinity of Grb7 compared with Grb14 for this site. Phosphopeptide competition and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Tyr-1139 of erbB2 is the major binding site for the Grb7 SH2 domain, indicating an overlap in binding specificity between the Grb7 and Grb2 SH2 domains. Substituting individual amino acids in the Grb14 SH2 domain with the corresponding residues from Grb7 demonstrated that a Gln to Leu change at the betaD6 position imparted high affinity erbB2 interaction, paralleled by a marked increase in affinity for the Tyr-1139 phosphopeptide. The reverse switch at the betaD6 position abrogated Grb7 binding to erbB2. This residue therefore represents an important determinant of SH2 domain specificity within the Grb7 family.
Papillomavirus in the Vapor of Carbon Dioxide Laser-Treated Verrucae (1988)

Vapor produced by the carbon dioxide laser during the vaporization of papillomavirus-infected verrucae was analyzed for viral DNA content. Two models were used for evaluation: an in vitro cutaneous bovine fibropapilloma and an in vivo human verruca model. Four bovine fibropapillomas were exposed to various laser parameters with power densities of 38,200 to 130 W/cm2 and energy fluences of 3820 to 130 J/cm2. The generated vapor was collected in a chamber in line with a vacuum system. Hybridization with bovine papillomavirus DNA probes revealed intact bovine papillomavirus DNA for all power densities and energy fluences used. The laser vapor from seven patients undergoing carbon dioxide laser therapy for plantar or mosaic verrucae was also collected. Laser parameter settings were similar to those usually chosen for clinical tissue vaporization. Intact human papillomavirus DNA was present in the vapor from two of seven patients. These studies indicate that intact viral DNA is liberated into the air with the vapor of laser-treated verrucae. It would be prudent for all practitioners who use the laser in treating patients with viral infections or conditions associated with viruses to practice extreme care and safety throughout the laser procedure.
High-brightness, fiber-coupled pump modules in fiber laser applications (2014)

High-power, high-brightness, fiber-coupled pump modules enable high-performance industrial fiber lasers with simple system architectures, multi-kW output powers, excellent beam quality, unsurpassed reliability, and low initial and operating costs. We report commercially available (element™), single-emitter-based, 9xx nm pump sources with powers up to 130 W in a 105 μm fiber and 250 W in a 200 μm fiber. This combination of high power and high brightness translates into improved fiber laser performance, e.g., simultaneously achieving high nonlinear thresholds and excellent beam quality at kW power levels. Wavelength-stabilized, 976 nm versions of these pumps are available for applications requiring minimization of the gain-fiber length (e.g., generation of high-peak-power pulses). Recent prototypes have achieved output powers up to 300 W in a 200 μm fiber. Extensive environmental and life testing at both the chip and module level under accelerated and real-world operating conditions have demonstrated extremely high reliability, with innovative designs having eliminated package-induced-failure mechanisms. Finally, we report integrated Pump Modules that provide &lt; 1.6 kW of fiber-coupled power conveniently formatted for fiber-laser pumping or direct-diode applications; these 19” rack-mountable, 2U units combine the outputs of up to 14 elements™ using fused-fiber combiners, and they include high-efficiency diode drivers and safety sensors.
Two functionally distinct pools of glycosaminoglycan in the substrate adhesion site of murine cells. (1978)

Footpad adhesion sites pinch off from the rest of the cell surface during EGTA-mediated detachment of normal or virus-transformed murine cells from their tissue culture substrates. In these studies, highly purified trypsin and testicullar hyaluronidase were used to investigate the selective destruction or solubilization of proteins and polysaccharides in this substrate-attached material (SAM). Trypsin-mediated detachment of cells or trypsinization of SAM after EGTA-mediated detachment of cells resulted in the following changes in SAM composition: (a) solubilization of 50-70% of the glycosaminoglycan polysaccharide with loss of only a small fraction of the protein, (b) selective loss of one species of glycosaminoglycan-associated protein in longterm radiolabeled preparations, (c) no selective loss of the LETS glycoprotein or cytoskeletal proteins in longterm radiolabeled preparations, and (d) selective loss of one species of glycosaminoglycan-associated protein, a protion of the LETS glycoprotein, and proteins Cd (mol wt 47,000 and Ce' (mol wt 39,000) in short term radiolabeled preparations. Digestion of SAM with testicular hyaluronidase resulted in: (a) almost complete solubilization of the hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate moieties from long term radiolabeled SAM with minimal loss of heparan sulfate, (b) solubilization of a small portion of the LETS glycoprotein and the cytoskeletal proteins from longterm radiolabeled SAM, (c) resistance to solubilization of protein and polysaccharide in reattaching cell SAM which contains principally heparan sulfate, and (d) complete solubilization of the LETS glycoprotein in short term radiolabeled preparations with no loss of cytoskeletal proteins. Thus, there appear to be two distinct pools of LETS in SAM, one associated in some unknown fashion with hyaluronate-chondroitin sulfate complexes, and a second associated with some other component in SAM, perhaps heparan sulfate. These data, together with other results, suggest that the cell-substrate adhesion process may be mediated principally by a heparan sulfate--LETS complex and that hyaluronate-chondroitin sulfate complexes may be important in the detachability of cells from the serum-coated substrate by destabilizing LETS matrices at posterior footpad adhesion sites.
[Studies on the antioxidant activities of leaves from Senecio argunensis]. (2008)

The extracts of the three parts of S. argunensis all have antioxidant activities. Among these extracts, extracts with acetoacetate have the highest antioxidant activity.
Flow volumes for interactive vector field visualization (1993)

Flow volumes are the volumetric equivalent of stream lines. They provide more information about the vector field being visualized than do stream lines or ribbons. Presented is an efficient method for producing flow volumes, composed of transparently rendered tetrahedra, for use in an interactive system. The problems of rendering, subdivision, sorting, composing artifacts, and user interaction are dealt with. Efficiency comes from rendering only the volume of the smoke, and using hardware texturing and compositing. >
Aesthetic Botulinum A Toxin in the Mid and Lower Face and Neck (2003)

Botulinum toxin treatment is valuable for aesthetic improvements in the mid and lower face and neck. In some areas, particularly the perioral region, the use of botulinum toxin in combination with other therapeutic modalities provides optimal results.
HAT3.1, a novel Arabidopsis homeodomain protein containing a conserved cysteine‐rich region (1993)

Homeodomain proteins have been shown to play a major role in the development of various organisms. A novel Arabidopsis homeodomain protein has been isolated based on its capability to interact with a DNA motif derived from the light-induced cab-E promoter of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. The homeodomain of this protein, designated HAT3.1, differs substantially from those in other plant homeobox proteins identified so far. Furthermore, HAT3.1 is unique among other Arabidopsis proteins in that it does not contain a leucine zipper motif following the homeodomain. HAT3.1 is further characterized by an N-terminal region that shares substantial sequence similarity with the maize homeodomain protein Zmhox1a. Within this conserved region, the presence of eight regularly spaced cysteine/histidine residues was observed reminiscent of other metal-binding domains. Based on the strong evolutionary conservation of this domain, it is proposed that this region represents a novel protein-motif which is denoted PHD-finger (plant homeodomain-finger). In vitro DNA binding studies demonstrated that HAT3.1 is capable of interacting with any DNA fragment larger than 100 bp. Interestingly, a deletion of the N-terminal PHD-finger domain completely abolished DNA binding, suggesting that this region may play an important functional role in protein-protein or protein-DNA interaction. HAT3.1 mRNA was primarily detected in root tissue, implying a regulatory function of this protein in root development.
Elongation factor Tu and E1 β subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex act as fibronectin binding proteins in Mycoplasma pneumoniae (2002)

The interactions between pathogenic bacteria and extracellular matrix (ECM) components markedly influence the initiation and establishment of infection. We have identified two surface proteins of virulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae with molecular masses of 45 and 30 kDa that bind to the ECM constituent, fibronectin (Fn). These Fn-binding proteins (FnBPs) were purified to near homogeneity using Fn-coupled Sepharose 4B-affinity column chromatography, and amino acid sequence analysis of the 45 and the 30 kDa proteins identified them as elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 beta subunit (PDH-B) respectively. The genes for EF-Tu and PDH-B were cloned, and the entire EF-Tu gene and NH2-terminus of PDH-B (NPDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 beta subunit from amino acid 1-244)-B) gene were overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant proteins, rEF-Tu and rNPDH-B, were purified to homogeneity by His-tag affinity column chromatography and used to immunize rabbits. Purified rEF-Tu and rNPDH-B bound to Fn using a ligand immunoblot assay and ELISA. Immunogold electron microscopy with polyclonal antibodies reactive against rEF-Tu (antirEF-Tu) and rNPDH-B (antirNPDH-B) and whole cell radioimmunoprecipitation (WCRIP) revealed the surface location of these proteins. Adherence of viable M. pneumoniae to immobilized Fn was inhibited by antirEF-Tu and antirNPDH-B antisera in a dose-dependent and cumulative manner. These results demonstrate that M. pneumoniae EF-Tu and PDH-B, in addition to their major cytoplasmic biosynthetic and metabolic roles, can be surface translocated, which confers additional important biological functions.
Immunoaffinity Chromatography (2008)

Immunonaffinity chromatography is a powerful technique for rapid purification of proteins. In a single-step purification, it is possible to purify proteins for testing in model systems and for conducting enzyme kinetic studies. Because the immunoaffinity-purified proteins are typically > 90-95% pure, depending on the starting material, interference from remaining contaminants is rare. This method describes an immunoaffinity chromatography technique for purifying proteins from over-expression in mammalian cell culture. The immobilization of the monoclonal antibody or polyclonal antiserum is presented. Conditions for purifying up to milligram quantities of protein are given, including a representative chromatogram.
Tissue factor promotes melanoma metastasis by a pathway independent of blood coagulation. (1995)

Several studies have established a link between blood coagulation and cancer, and more specifically between tissue factor (TF), a transmembrane protein involved in initiating blood coagulation, and tumor metastasis. In the study reported here, a murine model of human melanoma metastasis was used for two experiments. (i) The first experiment was designed to test the effect of varying the level of TF expression in human melanoma cells on their metastatic potential. Two matched sets of cloned human melanoma lines, one expressing a high level and the other a low level of the normal human TF molecule, were generated by retroviral-mediated transfections of a nonmetastatic parental line. The metastatic potential of the two sets of transfected lines was compared by injecting the tumor cells into the tail vein of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice and later examining the lungs and other tissues for tumor development. Metastatic tumors were detected in 86% of the mice injected with the high-TF lines and in 5% of the mice injected with the low-TF lines, indicating that a high TF level promotes metastasis of human melanoma in the SCID mouse model. This TF effect on metastasis occurs with i.v.-injected melanoma cells but does not occur with primary tumors formed from s.c.-injected melanoma cells, suggesting that TF acts at a late stage of metastasis, after tumor cells have escaped from the primary site and entered the blood. (ii) The second experiment was designed to analyze the mechanism by which TF promotes melanoma metastasis. The procedure involved testing the effect on metastasis of mutations in either the extracellular or cytoplasmic domains of the transmembrane TF molecule. The extracellular mutations introduced two amino acid substitutions that inhibited initiation by TF of the blood-coagulation cascade; the cytoplasmic mutation deleted most of the cytoplasmic domain without impairing the coagulation function of TF. Several human melanoma lines expressing high levels of either of the two mutant TF molecules were generated by retroviral-mediated transfection of the corresponding TF cDNA into the nonmetastatic parental melanoma line, and the metastatic potential of each transfected line was tested in the SCID mouse model. Metastases occurred in most mice injected with the melanoma lines expressing the extracellular TF mutant but were not detected in most mice injected with the melanoma lines expressing the cytoplasmic TF mutant. Results with the extracellular TF mutant indicate that the metastatic effect of TF in the SCID mouse model does not involve products of the coagulation cascade. Results with the cytoplasmic TF mutant indicate that the cytoplasmic domain of TF is important for the metastatic effect, suggesting that the TF could transduce a melanoma cell signal that promotes metastasis.