gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterologous Expression of a Carrot Small Heat Shock Protein Increased Escherichia coli Viability under Lead and Arsenic Stresses (2013)

The expression and function of DcHsp17.7, a small heat shock protein (sHSP), in carrot ( Daucus carota L.) was examined under lead [Pb(II)] and arsenic (arsenate) stresses. In a time course experiment, the level of DcHsp17.7 increased in carrot leaf tissue treated with lead ions or arsenate. To examine the function of DcHsp17.7, the DcHsp17.7 gene was cloned and introduced into Escherichia coli . Heterologous expression of DcHsp17.7 was confirmed by immunoblot analysis using a polyclonal antibody raised against DcHsp17.7. Lead ion and arsenate reduced bacterial cell viability. However, transgenic E. coli with accumulated DcHsp17.7 showed higher levels of survival under both lead ion and arsenate conditions compared with the vector control. Immunoblot analysis showed that the level of heterologously expressed DcHsp17.7 decreased under lead ion conditions, but remained the same under arsenate conditions. Our results suggest that DcHsp17.7 can confer tolerances to lead and arsenic stresses.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Mouse Macrophage Gene That Encodes a Nuclear Protein Comprising Polyglutamine Repeats and Interspersing Histidines (1996)

Simple tandem repeats of the trinucleotide sequence CAG encode homopolymeric stretches of glutamine. Although polyglutamine has been identified in diverse proteins, it is present predominantly in transcription factors. We observed that oncogene-immortalized mouse macrophages express several genes that contain a CAG repeat motif. Therefore, we attempted to clone a novel gene that contains a CAG repeat and is associated with cytokine activation of macrophages. Screening of a mouse macrophage cDNA library with a probe comprising 12 consecutive CAG triplets identified at least one unique clone. The cDNA encodes a protein (named GRP-1 or glutamine repeat protein-1) with 171 amino acids, a calculated molecular mass of 21.6 kDa, and a predicted pI of 10.67. Greater than two-thirds of GRP-1 are only two amino acids, namely glutamine (50%) and histidine (18%). There are four polyglutamine motifs interspersed with histidine-rich regions. There is also a putative nuclear localization signal flanked by sites for possible serine phosphorylation. GRP-1 mRNA was expressed constitutively in some macrophage cell lines and B and T cell lines. Interferon-gamma or lipopolysaccharide augmented GRP-1 mRNA expression in the mouse macrophage cell line ANA-1. Western blot analyses using an antipeptide serum revealed that GRP-1 was localized in the nucleus of ANA-1 macrophages and transfected 3T3 fibroblasts. Overexpression of GRP-1 decreased Sp1-driven chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression in transient cotransfection experiments. Because polyglutamine motifs can cause protein oligomerization and can function as transcriptional activation domains, we suggest that GRP-1 may be a transcription factor associated with interferon-gamma- or lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of macrophages.
The Antianginal Agent, Ranolazine, Reduces Myocardial Infarct Size but Does Not Alter Anatomic No-Reflow or Regional Myocardial Blood Flow in Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Rabbit (2008)

It has been suggested that ranolazine protects the ischemic/reperfused heart by reducing diastolic wall pressure during ischemia. However, there is limited information regarding the effect of ranolazine on the anatomic zone of no-flow in a model of acute myocardial occlusion/reperfusion. Before coronary artery occlusion (CAO), open-chest anesthetized rabbits were assigned to vehicle or ranolazine. Hearts received 60 minutes of CAO and 3 hours reperfusion. Ischemic risk zone was comparable in the 2 groups. Ranolazine significantly reduced infarct size. There was a non-significant trend for the no-reflow defect to be smaller in the ranolazine group. Regional myocardial blood flow was similar in both groups in the risk zone during ischemia and at 3 hours reperfusion. Heart rates were similar in both groups, whereas mean arterial pressure was reduced in the ranolazine group. While ranolazine was effective in reducing myocardial infarct size, the mechanism by which it did this was independent of improving perfusion during either ischemia or reperfusion, suggesting that ranolazine's effect of reducing infarct size involves alternative mechanisms.
Integral membrane lipid phosphatases/phosphotransferases: common structure and diverse functions (2005)

Phospholipids and sphingolipids play critical roles in signal transduction, intracellular membrane trafficking, and control of cell growth and survival. We discuss recent progress in the identification and characterization of a family of integral membrane proteins with central roles in bioactive lipid metabolism and signalling. These five groups of homologous proteins, which we collectively term LPTs (lipid phosphatases/phosphotransferases), are characterized by a core domain containing six transmembrane-spanning alpha-helices connected by extramembrane loops, two of which interact to form the catalytic site. LPT family members are localized to all major membrane compartments of the cell. The transmembrane topology of these proteins places their active site facing the lumen of endomembrane compartments or the extracellular face of the plasma membrane. Sequence conservation between the active site of the LPPs (lipid phosphate phosphatases), SPPs (sphingosine phosphate phosphatases) and the recently identified SMSs (sphingomyelin synthases) with vanadium-dependent fungal oxidases provides a framework for understanding their common catalytic mechanism. LPPs hydrolyse LPA (lysophosphatidic acid), S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) and structurally-related substrates. Although LPPs can dephosphorylate intracellularly generated substrates to control intracellular lipid metabolism and signalling, their best understood function is to regulate cell surface receptor-mediated signalling by LPA and S1P by inactivating these lipids at the plasma membrane or in the extracellular space. SPPs are intracellularly localized S1P-selective phosphatases, with key roles in the pathways of sphingolipid metabolism linked to control of cell growth and survival. The SMS enzymes catalyse the interconversion of phosphatidylcholine and ceramide with sphingomyelin and diacylglycerol, suggesting a pivotal role in both housekeeping lipid synthesis and regulation of bioactive lipid mediators. The remaining members of the LPT family, the LPR/PRGs (lipid phosphatase-related proteins/plasticity-related genes) and CSS2s (type 2 candidate sphingomyelin synthases), are presently much less well studied. These two groups include proteins that lack critical amino acids within the catalytic site, and could therefore not use the conserved LPT reaction mechanism to catalyse lipid phosphatase or phosphotransferase reactions. In this review, we discuss recent ideas about their possible biological activities and functions, which appear to involve regulation of cellular morphology and, possibly, lipid metabolism and signalling in the nuclear envelope.
Cystic fibrosis mutation detection by hybridization to light-generated DNA probe arrays (1996)

We have combined photochemistry and photolithography with solid-phase DNA synthesis chemistry to form a new technology that makes high density oligonucleotide probe array synthesis possible. Hybridization to these two-dimensional arrays containing hundreds or thousands of oligonucleotide probes provides a powerful DNA sequence analysis tool. Two types of light-generated DNA probe arrays have been used to test for a variety of mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. One array, made up of 428 probes, was designed to scan through the length of CFTR exon 11 and identify differences from the wild type reference sequence. The second type of array contained 1480 probes chosen to detect known deletions, insertions, or base substitution mutations. The validity of the probe arrays was established by hybridizing them with fluorescently labeled control oligonucleotide targets. Characterized mutant CFTR genomic DNA samples were then used to further test probe array hybridization specificity. Finally, ten unknown patient samples were genotyped using the CFTR probe array assay. The genotype assignments were identical to those obtained by PCR product restriction fragment analysis. Our results show that light-generated DNA probe arrays are highly effective in analyzing complex mutation and polymorphism patterns in a relatively large gene such as CFTR.
On the role of oxygen in fabricating microfluidic channels with ultraviolet curable materials (2008)

We present the effects of oxygen on the irreversible bonding of a microchannel using an ultraviolet (UV) curable material of polyurethane acrylate (PUA). Microchannels were fabricated by bonding a top layer with impressions of a microfluidic channel and a bottom layer consisting of a PUA coating on a glass or a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film substrate. The resulting channel is a homogeneous conduit of the PUA material. To find optimal bonding conditions, the bottom layer was cured under different oxygen concentration and UV exposure time at a constant UV intensity (10 mW cm(-2)). Our experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the channel bonding is severely affected by the concentration of oxygen either in the form of trapped air or permeated air out of the channel. In addition, an optimal UV exposure time is needed to prevent clogging or non-bonding of the channel.
And Then Suddenly Seattle University Was On Its Way To A Parallel, Integrative Curriculum (1995)

This is a story of change so sudden that it surprised even those who most fervently sought it. For nearly a decade, Seattle University School of Law has offered an extensive typical skills curriculum. All students are involved in an intensive two year writing program. The simulated Comprehensive Pretrial and Trial Advocacy Program trains over 150 students a year, while in the Law Practice Clinic, 60 students a year represent domestic and criminal clients. Course offerings that fill out the lawyering skills supports are offerings such as ADR, Negotiations, and Appellate Advocacy, along with judicial and public service externships and an array of student competitions. All was well done, well-conceived, staple clinical fare. Then something happened. These programs remain, but woven throughout the course offerings is what we call a Parallel, Integrative Curriculum: One-credit live-client and simulated course components running parallel to related upper-level substantive courses. This article is about that curriculum and, as importantly, how it came into being.
Covalent Hybrid of Spinel Manganese-Cobalt Oxide and Gra-phene as Advanced Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts (2012)

Through direct nanoparticle nucleation and growth on nitrogen doped, reduced graphene oxide sheets and cation substitution of spinel Co3O4 nanoparticles, a manganese-cobalt spinel MnCo2O4/graphene hybrid was developed as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline conditions. Electrochemical and X-ray near edge structure (XANES) investigations revealed that the nucleation and growth method for forming inorganic-nanocarbon hybrid results in covalent coupling between spinel oxide nanoparticles and N-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rmGO) sheets. Carbon K-edge and nitrogen K-edge XANES showed strongly perturbed C-O and C-N bonding in the N-rmGO sheet, suggesting the formation of C-O-metal and C-N-metal bonds between N-doped graphene oxide and spinel oxide nanoparticles. Co L-edge and Mn L-edge XANES suggested substitu-tion of Co3+ sites by Mn3+, which increased the activity of the catalytic sites in the hybrid materials, further boosting the ORR activity compared to the pure cobalt oxide hybrid. The covalently bonded hybrid afforded much greater activity and durability than the physi-cal mixture of nanoparticles and carbon materials including N-rmGO. At the same mass loading, the MnCo2O4/N-graphene hybrid can outperform Pt/C in ORR current density at medium overpotentials with superior stability to Pt/C in alkaline solutions.
Identification of proteins that interact with CREB during differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells (1993)

The mammalian transcription factor CREB is thought to activate cAMP-inducible genes in a variety of differentiated cell types and is probably involved in other signalling pathways. Undifferentiated F9 embryonal carcinoma (UF9) cells are refractory to cAMP and become cAMP-responsive following differentiation to endoderm like cells. It has been proposed that UF9 cells contain a negative regulator(s) of the cAMP-response that might act through direct interaction with CREB. We have used a protein blotting assay and 32P-labelled CREB to probe for CREB-binding proteins in nuclear extracts from F9 cells and to examine their abundance during differentiation. We find that ATF1 (a protein that is highly homologous to CREB) and a novel polypeptide(s) of approximately 100 kDa (CBP100) are the major CREB-binding proteins in extracts from UF9 cells. As expected ATF1 is detected due to leucine zipper-dependent heterodimerisation with CREB. In contrast CBP100 interacts with CREB independently of the leucine zipper. The total amount of ATF1 and the amount of ATF1 that is complexed with CREB are substantially reduced following differentiation. In addition, ATF1 mRNA levels are lower in differentiated F9 cells indicating that a pretranslational mechanism contributes to the decreased ATF1 protein levels observed. CBP100 levels are also reduced or CBP100 is modified upon differentiation. We discuss the potential roles of ATF1 and CBP100 in regulating CREB activity during differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells.
TRIPs: an integrated intelligent problem-solving assistant (1998)

We discuss what constitutes an integrated system in AI, and why AI researchers should be interested in building and studying them. Taking integrated systems to be ones that integrate a variety of components in order to perform some task from start to finish, we believe that such systems (a) allow us to better ground our theoretical work in actual tasks, and (b) provide an opportunity for much-needed evaluation based on task performance. We describe one particular integrated system we have developed that supports spoken-language dialogue to collaboratively solve planning problems. We discuss how the integrated system provides key advantages for helping both our work in natural language dialogue processing and in interactive planning and problem solving, and consider the opportunities such an approach affords for the future. Content areas: AI systems, natural language understanding, planning and control, problem solving, user interfaces Introduction It is an interesting time to be an A...
Antibody response to hidden epitope of influenza A haemagglutinin elicited by anti-idiotypic antibodies. (1994)

Monoclonal antibody (MoAb) IIF4 defines an epitope on the HA2 part of influenza haemagglutinin (HA) (Russ et al., 1987). It was also found this epitope becomes fully accessible after pH 5 treatment of the antigen and is shared by strains of H3 subtype. In this study we found binding of MoAb IIF4 also to some strains belonging to H2, H4, H7, and H10 subtypes. We prepared rabbit polyclonal anti-IIF4 anti-idiotype (anti-Id) antibody. In competitive assays, the inhibition potential of anti-Id was considerably higher than that of native HA. Anti-Id was used for the preparation of mouse Ab3 (anti-anti-IIF4) serum. Reactivity pattern of Ab3 with influenza virus strains differed from Ab1 in (i) appearance of binding to some strains of H2 and H7 subtype and (ii) decreased dependency of Ab3 binding on the pH forms of antigen. The reactivity of Ab1 and Ab3 with two amantadine-resistant virus mutants indicates that IIF4 epitope (and its related region recognized by Ab3) becomes accessible in consequence of destabilization of trimeric arrangement of HA and it also correlates with expulsion of N-terminus of HA2.
Cisplatin and platinum drugs at the molecular level (Review) (2003)

Over twenty years of intensive work toward improvement of cisplatin, and with hundreds of platinum drugs tested, has resulted in the introduction of the widely used carboplatin and of oxaliplatin used only for a very narrow spectrum of cancers. A number of interesting platinum compounds including the orally administered platinum drug JM216, nedaplatin, the sterically hindered platinum(II) complex ZD0473, the trinuclear platinum complex BBR3464, and the liposomal forms Lipoplatin and SPI-77 are under clinical evaluation. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of platinum compounds for DNA damage, DNA repair and induction of apoptosis via activation or modulation of signaling pathways and explores the basis of platinum resistance. Cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin and most other platinum compounds induce damage to tumors via induction of apoptosis; this is mediated by activation of signal transduction leading to the death receptor mechanisms as well as mitochondrial pathways. Apoptosis is responsible for the characteristic nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and most other toxicities of the drugs. The major limitation in the clinical applications of cisplatin has been the development of cisplatin resistance by tumors. Mechanisms explaining cisplatin resistance include the reduction in cisplatin accumulation inside cancer cells because of barriers across the cell membrane, the faster repair of cisplatin adducts, the modulation of apoptotic pathways in various cells, the upregulation in transcription factors, the loss of p53 and other protein functions and a higher concentration of glutathione and metallothioneins in some type of tumors. A number of experimental strategies to overcome cisplatin resistance are at the preclinical or clinical level such as introduction of the bax gene, inhibition of the JNK pathway, introduction of a functional p53 gene, treatment of tumors with aldose reductase inhibitors and others. Particularly important are combinations of platinum drug treatments with other drugs, radiation and the emerging gene therapy regimens.
Which Radiographic Hip Parameters Do Not Have to Be Corrected for Pelvic Rotation and Tilt? (2014)

Lateral center-edge angle, ACM angle, Sharp angle, acetabular and extrusion index, and craniocaudal acetabular coverage showed no relevant changes with varying pelvic orientation and can therefore be acquired independent from individual pelvic tilt and rotation in clinical practice. In contrast, anteroposterior acetabular coverage, crossover and posterior wall sign, and retroversion index call for specific efforts that address individual pelvic orientation such as computer-assisted evaluation of radiographs.
The Synthesis of 2-Carboethoxy-Δ2-cyclohexenone1 (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of 2-Carboethoxy-Δ2-cyclohexenone1JOSEPH E. BRENNERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 1, 22–27Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01060a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01060a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views497Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Killing of Coccidioides immitis by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1992)

The ability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNL) obtained from healthy donors to kill the fungus Coccidioides immitis was examined in vitro with an assay that uses a single fungal particle per well. MNL killed 25.0% +/- 3.5% of a coccidioidal arthroconidial target, compared with the 4.7% +/- 2.9% killed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained from the same donors (P = 0.012). Arthroconidial killing by MNL was not dependent on donor delayed dermal hypersensitivity to spherulin. Killing of another fungal target, Candida glabrata, was not significantly different between MNL and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (P = 0.783). Depletion of monocytes from MNL with Sephadex G-10 resulted in a significant reduction in arthroconidial killing (21.4% +/- 13.6% versus 2.4% +/- 3.4%; P = 0.025), while enrichment of monocytes by Percoll density gradient centrifugation or plastic adherence resulted in significantly increased arthroconidial killing compared with that by MNL (P = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). Killing of 96-h spherules by MNL was 7.3% +/- 3.1%, significantly less than the 21.4% +/- 2.8% killing of arthroconidia in the same experiments (P = 0.016). Incubation of MNL with human recombinant gamma interferon or tumor necrosis factor alpha did not result in increased MNL killing of coccidioidal arthroconidia under various conditions. These results suggest that MNL have an inherent ability to kill coccidioidal arthroconidia in vitro which is not dependent on prior host exposure to C. immitis. This activity appears to reside in peripheral blood monocytes.
JAK1–STAT1–STAT3, a key pathway promoting proliferation and preventing premature differentiation of myoblasts (2007)

Skeletal muscle stem cell-derived myoblasts are mainly responsible for postnatal muscle growth and injury-induced muscle regeneration. However, the cellular signaling pathways controlling the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts are not fully understood. We demonstrate that Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) is required for myoblast proliferation and that it also functions as a checkpoint to prevent myoblasts from premature differentiation. Deliberate knockdown of JAK1 in both primary and immortalized myoblasts induces precocious myogenic differentiation with a concomitant reduction in cell proliferation. This is caused, in part, by an accelerated induction of MyoD, myocyte enhancer-binding factor 2 (MEF2), p21Cip1, and p27Kip1, a faster down-regulation of Id1, and an increase in MEF2-dependent gene transcription. Downstream of JAK1, of all the signal transducer and activator of transcriptions (STATs) present in myoblasts, we find that only STAT1 knockdown promotes myogenic differentiation in both primary and immortalized myoblasts. Leukemia inhibitory factor stimulates myoblast proliferation and represses differentiation via JAK1-STAT1-STAT3. Thus, JAK1-STAT1-STAT3 constitutes a signaling pathway that promotes myoblast proliferation and prevents premature myoblast differentiation.