gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defining the domains of type I collagen involved in heparin- binding and endothelial tube formation (1998)

Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) interactions with type I collagen may be a ubiquitous cell adhesion mechanism. However, the HSPG binding sites on type I collagen are unknown. Previously we mapped heparin binding to the vicinity of the type I collagen N terminus by electron microscopy. The present study has identified type I collagen sequences used for heparin binding and endothelial cell-collagen interactions. Using affinity coelectrophoresis, we found heparin to bind as follows: to type I collagen with high affinity (Kd approximately 150 nM); triple-helical peptides (THPs) including the basic N-terminal sequence alpha1(I)87-92, KGHRGF, with intermediate affinities (Kd approximately 2 microM); and THPs including other collagenous sequences, or single-stranded sequences, negligibly (Kd >> 10 microM). Thus, heparin-type I collagen binding likely relies on an N-terminal basic triple-helical domain represented once within each monomer, and at multiple sites within fibrils. We next defined the features of type I collagen necessary for angiogenesis in a system in which type I collagen and heparin rapidly induce endothelial tube formation in vitro. When peptides, denatured or monomeric type I collagen, or type V collagen was substituted for type I collagen, no tubes formed. However, when peptides and type I collagen were tested together, only the most heparin-avid THPs inhibited tube formation, likely by influencing cell interactions with collagen-heparin complexes. Thus, induction of endothelial tube morphogenesis by type I collagen may depend upon its triple-helical and fibrillar conformations and on the N-terminal heparin-binding site identified here.
3D shape scanning with a time-of-flight camera (2010)

We describe a method for 3D object scanning by aligning depth scans that were taken from around an object with a time-of-flight camera. These ToF cameras can measure depth scans at video rate. Due to comparably simple technology they bear potential for low cost production in big volumes. Our easy-to-use, cost-effective scanning solution based on such a sensor could make 3D scanning technology more accessible to everyday users. The algorithmic challenge we face is that the sensor's level of random noise is substantial and there is a non-trivial systematic bias. In this paper we show the surprising result that 3D scans of reasonable quality can also be obtained with a sensor of such low data quality. Established filtering and scan alignment techniques from the literature fail to achieve this goal. In contrast, our algorithm is based on a new combination of a 3D superresolution method with a probabilistic scan alignment approach that explicitly takes into account the sensor's noise characteristics.
Molecular variations in Th1-specific cell surface gene Tim-3 (2004)

The family of T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain (TIM) proteins is identified to be expressed on T cells. A member of Tim family, Tim-3 (T cell immunoglobulin mucin 3) is selectively expressed on the surface of differentiated Th1 cells. Tim-3 might have an important role in the induction of autoimmune diseases by regulating macrophage activation and interacts with Tim-3 ligand to regulate Th1 responses. To determine the variation sites in the coding and promoter region of human Tim-3 gene, we performed variation scanning by direct sequencing using the genomic DNA isolated from the patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis and healthy controls without asthma and allergic rhinitis. We identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including one novel SNPs (-1541C>T) and two variation sites (-1292_-1289delTAAA and -1282_-1278dupTAAAA) in the coding and promoter region of human Tim-3 gene in both the patients and healthy groups.
Genetic Engineering of Livestock (1989)

Genetic engineering of livestock is expected to have a major effect on the agricultural industry. However, accurate assessment of the consequences of transgene expression is impossible without multigenerational studies. A systematic study of the beneficial and adverse consequences of long-term elevations in the plasma levels of bovine growth hormone (bGH) was conducted on two lines of transgenic pigs. Two successive generations of pigs expressing the bGH gene showed significant improvements in both daily weight gain and feed efficiency and exhibited changes in carcass composition that included a marked reduction in subcutaneous fat. However, long-term elevation of bGH was generally detrimental to health: the pigs had a high incidence of gastric ulcers, arthritis, cardiomegaly, dermatitis, and renal disease. The ability to produce pigs exhibiting only the beneficial, growth-promoting effects of growth hormone by a transgenic approach may require better control of transgene expression, a different genetic background, or a modified husbandry regimen.
Planar and vertical signals in the induction and patterning of the Xenopus nervous system (1992)

The cellular mechanisms responsible for the formation of the Xenopus nervous system have been examined in total exogastrula embryos in which the axial mesoderm appears to remain segregated from prospective neural ectoderm and in recombinates of ectoderm and mesoderm. Posterior neural tissue displaying anteroposterior pattern develops in exogastrula ectoderm. This effect may be mediated by planar signals that occur in the absence of underlying mesoderm. The formation of a posterior neural tube may depend on the notoplate, a midline ectodermal cell group which extends along the anteroposterior axis. The induction of neural structures characteristic of the forebrain and of cell types normally found in the ventral region of the posterior neural tube requires additional vertical signals from underlying axial mesoderm. Thus, the formation of the embryonic Xenopus nervous system appears to involve the cooperation of distinct planar and vertical signals derived from midline cell groups.
A 100MHz–2GHz 12.5x sub-Nyquist rate receiver in 90nm CMOS (2012)

A fully-integrated, high-speed, wideband receiver called the random modulation pre-integrator is realized in IBM 90nm digital CMOS. It achieves an effective instantaneous bandwidth of 2GHz, with >;54dB dynamic range. Most notably, the aggregate digitization rate is f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> =320MSPS, 12.5× below the Nyquist rate. Signal recovery can be accomplished for any signal with a concise representation. The system is validated using radar-pulses and tones as the input and recovering the time-domain waveforms.
Dielectric cone loaded horn antennas (1988)

The radiation characteristics of conical horns loaded with dielectric cones are investigated. The horn radiates low crosspolarisation over a wide band of frequencies with cones made of foam or solid dielectrics. They make high performance feeds for reflector antennas. A modal-matching technique is used to investigate the behaviour of the higher order modes excited along the horn that influence the radiated cross-polarisation. A parametric study is described to assess the influence of the aperture and cone diameters, the flare angle, and the permittivity of the dielectric.
论“中华民族”概念的内涵 (1992)

近年来,在中国的学术著作中日渐频繁地出现通常被译作“китайскаянацяи”的术语“中华民族”。如果说过去人们觉得这个术语主要用于社会政治文献中,那么现在它已被广泛使用于民族学著作中。因此,从历史的角度简略地考察一下这个概念的内涵是很有必要的。“中华民族”这个术语形成于20世纪初,起初表示的是“汉民族”。术语的前一半“中
Writing with DNA and Protein Using a Nanopipet for Controlled Delivery (2002)

We present a new, general method for the controlled deposition of biological molecules on surfaces, based on a nanopipet operating in ionic solution. The potential applied to the pipet tip controls the flux of biological molecules from the pipet, allowing fine control of the delivery rate. We used the ion current to control the distance of the pipet from the surface of a glass slide and deposited the fluorescently labeled DNA or protein G at a defined location onto the surface. Features of 830 nm size were obtained by depositing the biotinylated DNA onto a streptavidin surface; 1.3 mum size spots were obtained by depositing protein G onto a positively charged glass surface.
A vectorizing Fortran compiler (1986)

This paper describes a vectorizing Fortran compiler for the IBM 3090 Vector Facility. Opportunities for vectorization are investigated for eight levels of DO-loop nesting. Recurrences in inner loops do not prevent vectorization of outer loops. A least-cost analysis determines from the opportunities identified which specific vectorization will result in the fastest execution. The normal optimization phases of the compiler produce much of the information needed for the vectorization analysis.
Genetic alterations associated with acquired temozolomide resistance in SNB-19, a human glioma cell line (2006)

Gliomas are highly lethal neoplasms that cannot be cured by currently available therapies. Temozolomide is a recently introduced alkylating agent that has yielded a significant benefit in the treatment of high-grade gliomas. However, either de novo or acquired chemoresistance occurs frequently and has been attributed to increased levels of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase or to the loss of mismatch repair capacity. However, very few gliomas overexpress O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase or are mismatch repair-deficient, suggesting that other mechanisms may be involved in the resistance to temozolomide. The purpose of the present study was to generate temozolomide-resistant variants from a human glioma cell line (SNB-19) and to use large-scale genomic and transcriptional analyses to study the molecular basis of acquired temozolomide resistance. Two independently obtained temozolomide-resistant variants exhibited no cross-resistance to other alkylating agents [1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and carboplatin] and shared genetic alterations, such as loss of a 2p region and loss of amplification of chromosome 4 and 16q regions. The karyotypic alterations were compatible with clonal selection of preexistent resistant cells in the parental SNB-19 cell line. Microarray analysis showed that 78 out of 17,000 genes were differentially expressed between parental cells and both temozolomide-resistant variants. None are implicated in known resistance mechanisms, such as DNA repair, whereas interestingly, several genes involved in differentiation were down-regulated. The data suggest that the acquisition of resistance to temozolomide in this model resulted from the selection of less differentiated preexistent resistant cells in the parental tumor.
The effects of cannabis use expectancies on self‐initiated cannabis cessation (2013)

Abstract Aims To prospectively investigate the relation between cannabis use expectancies and cannabis use prior to and during a self‐initiated cannabis cessation attempt. Design Cohort design that followed participants for 4 weeks following a self‐initiated cessation attempt. Setting United States Department of Veterans Affairs medical center. Participants One hundred cannabis dependent military veterans. Measurements The Marijuana Effects Expectancy Questionnaire at baseline; the timeline follow‐back procedure at baseline and during the cessation attempt. Findings Cannabis use at baseline was associated with positive ( P = 0.01), but not negative ( P = 0.25), expectancies. Cannabis lapse was associated with positive ( P = 0.03) and negative expectancies ( P = 0.01), and relapse was associated with positive ( P = 0.04), but not negative ( P = 0.21), expectancies. The trajectory of average cannabis use during the cessation period was associated with positive ( P = 0.03), but not negative ( P = 0.96), expectancies. Results were similar in effect and statistical significance when adjusting for demographic factors, motivation to quit cannabis, mental disorder diagnoses, and alcohol and tobacco use, and when analyzing complete data sets obtained through multiple imputation. Conclusions In the USA, cannabis use expectancies, especially those regarding the positive effects of cannabis use, appear to be strongly and consistently linked to cannabis use and quit failure.
X-ray crystallographic studies of the alanine-specific racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Overproduction, crystallization, and preliminary characterization. (1987)

To facilitate large-scale purification and crystallographic study, we have subcloned the gene for the alanine racemase of Bacillus stearothermophilus from pICR401 (Inagaki, K., Tanizawa, K., Badet, B., Walsh, C. T., Tanaka, H., and Soda, K. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 3268-3274) and overproduced the enzyme in Escherichia coli W3110 lacIq using the tac promoter of PKK223-3. This system yields alanine racemase as 6% of the bacterial cytosolic protein. Purification by a modification of the procedure of Inagake et al. yielded 75 mg of homogeneous alanine racemase from 30 g of cells (wet weight). Large, well-formed crystals of alanine racemase have been grown from polyethylene glycol 8000 using vapor diffusion. These crystals have unit cell dimensions a = 85.3 A, b = 110.0 A, and c = 89.9 A. The crystals belong to space group P2(1), with beta fortuitously equal to 90 degrees within experimental error; however, they are frequently twinned by second order pseudomerohedry with twin fraction (the ratio of the volume of the smaller twin domain to the total volume of the crystal) ranging from about 0 to 0.5. Fortunately, for crystals with low twin fraction, computational methods have been developed for the analysis and correction of simple twinning (Fisher, R. G., and Sweet, R. M. (1980) Acta Crystallogr. A36, 755-760). The crystals contain two alpha 2 dimers of alanine racemase in the asymmetric unit. We have identified several potentially useful heavy atom derivatives in low resolution screening experiments and are proceeding with high resolution data collection.
Polyurethane Scaffolds Seeded With Genetically Engineered Skeletal Myoblasts: A Promising Tool to Regenerate Myocardial Function (2010)

In animal models, intramyocardial injection of primary skeletal myoblasts is supposed to promote tissue regeneration and to improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. The usage of genetically engineered myoblasts overexpressing the paracrine factors involved in tissue repair is believed to enhance these effects. However, cell therapy via injection is always accompanied by a high death rate of the injected cells. Here, we describe the construction of a growth factor-producing myoblast-seeded scaffold to overcome this limitation. Skeletal myoblasts were isolated and expanded from newborn Lewis rats. Cells were seeded on polyurethane (PU) scaffolds (Artelon) and transfected with DNA of VEGF-A, HGF, SDF-1, or Akt1 using the lipid-based Metafectene Pro method. Overexpression was verified by ELISA, RT-PCR (VEGF-A, HGF, and SDF-1) and Western blot analysis (Akt1). The seeded scaffolds were transplanted onto damaged myocardium of Lewis rats 2 weeks after myocardial infarction. Six weeks later, their therapeutic potential in vivo was analyzed by measurement of infarction size and capillary density. Primary rat skeletal myoblasts seeded on PU scaffolds were efficiently transfected, achieving transfection rates of 20%. In vitro, we noted a significant increase in expression of VEGF-A, HGF, SDF-1, and Akt1 after transfection. In vivo, transplantation of growth factor-producing myoblast-seeded scaffolds resulted in enhanced angiogenesis (VEGF-A, HGF, and Akt1) or a reduced infarction zone (SDF-1 and Akt1) in the ischemically damaged myocardium. In summary, we constructed a growth factor-producing myoblast-seeded scaffold which combines the beneficial potential of stem cell transplantation with the promising effects of gene-therapeutic approaches. Because this matrix also allows us to circumvent previous cell application drawbacks, it may represent a promising tool for tissue regeneration and the re-establishment of cardiac function after myocardial infarction.
Anthrax Powder: State of the Art? (2003)

Although the investigation seems focused on the idea that the anthrax powder contained in the letters sent to the U.S. Senate could have been homemade, some experts say that9s improbable.
Appearances of von Meyenburg Complex on Cross Sectional Imaging (2013)

The von Meyenburg complex (VMC) is an uncommon congenital malformation and is characterized by benign bile duct hamartomas. These are usually discovered incidentally and may represent a diagnostic dilemma when liver metastases are suspected. MRI of VMC shows distinct imaging characteristics, but reporting of lesional contrast enhancement has been inconsistent, whilst microbubble contrast enhanced ultrasound provides 'real-time' evaluation of soft tissue vascularity. Given the diagnostic uncertainty over imaging in VMC, biopsy is often recommended as the definitive diagnosis. We report a biopsy proven case of VMC on a background of primary colonic malignancy investigated with ultrasound, contrast enhanced ultrasound, computed tomography CT, and magnetic resonance imaging MRI, and review the key imaging features.
Time‐dependent Modulation of Alignment and Differentiation of Smooth Muscle Cells Seeded on a Porous Substrate Undergoing Cyclic Mechanical Strain (2006)

The orientation of cellular alignment in smooth muscle tissue engineering is directly related to optimal movement of engineered tissue when it is transplanted in vivo. Cyclic mechanical strain has been applied to modulate the alignment, proliferation, and differentiation of smooth muscle cells. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cyclic mechanical strain on primary cultured myofibroblasts seeded onto three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds, and to determine the optimal mechanical treatment time required to produce artificial smooth muscle. The cells were primary cultured from rabbit esophageal smooth muscle layer, and a self-designed stretching chamber was used to modulate the cells on porous polyurethane (PU) scaffolds with 10% strain at a frequency of 1 Hz. The applied cyclic strain induced cellular alignment. In particular, cellular alignment perpendicular to the direction of strain was generated in the condition strained over 18 h. In terms of proliferation, the strained groups differed significantly from the statically cultured group, but no difference was observed between groups that were subjected to straining for different lengths of time. Quantitative analysis of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) showed that differentiation was significantly promoted at 18 h of strain. Penetration of primary cultured cells into the pores of PU scaffolds was shown after cyclic strain application, especially in 18 and 24 h of strain. Consequently, it is expected that myofibroblast/scaffold hybrids, cyclically strained in the defined time course, could be practically applied to organize functional smooth muscle tissues having consistent cell alignment and up-regulated SMA.
Charge‐Discharge Properties of Composite Films of Polyaniline and Crystalline  V 2 O 5 Particles (1998)

Composites of polyaniline and were prepared by casting on a Ni electrode substrate an N‐methylpyrrolidinone solution containing dissolved polyaniline in its reduced state and dispersed crystalline powder. Charge‐discharge tests of the as‐prepared composites showed that redox reactions of both polyaniline and particles took place, and a utilization of higher than 0.9 was obtained, indicating that polyaniline worked not only as an active material but also as a conducting matrix for particles. The effects of charge‐discharge current densities, the amount of in the composite films, and the film thickness on the charge‐discharge properties were investigated in detail. Elemental analyses of the composite films revealed that was the primary participant involved in the charge‐discharge reactions of the composites, suggesting that particles were negatively charged during the course of preparation of the composites and served as charge compensators for positive charges generated on the polyaniline in its oxidized state.
The role of bulky polysiloxanylalkyl methacrylates in polyurethane-polysiloxane hydrogels (1996)

Silicone hydrogels based on polyurethane–polysiloxane prepolymer and hydrophilic monomers such as N,N-dimethylacrylamide, although possessing high oxygen permeability and satisfactory tear strength, are too stiff to be targeted for applications such as contact lenses. However, with the inclusion of bulky polysiloxanylalkyl methacrylates, such as methacryloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy)silane (TRIS), to replace part of the polyurethane prepolymer, the hydrogels obtained not only maintained high oxygen permeability, but also had a lower modulus and improved tear strength. These changes in properties are all favorable for applications such as oxygen-permeable hydrogel lenses. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Heat‐Induced Apoptosis of Mouse Meiotic Cells Is Suppressed by Ectopic Expression of Testis‐Specific Calpastatin (2004)

Calpastatin is a naturally occurring inhibitor of calpain, a protease involved in apoptotic cell death. A testis-specific isoform of calpastatin (tCAST) has been identified that is transcribed in haploid germ cells but not in spermatocytes. To investigate the possible function(s) of tCAST, we tested the hypothesis that the ectopic expression of calpastatin in spermatocytes would suppress the death of these cells in response to an apoptosis-inducing stimulus in vivo. To this end, the 5'-flanking region of the mouse ldhc gene was linked to tCAST, and transgenic mice were generated. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that, in contrast to control sections in which the signal for tCAST was seen in round spermatids, intense staining was visualized in pachytene spermatocytes in the transgenic animals, indicating that the strategy we used to generate the transgenic animals resulted in the ectopic expression of tCAST in spermatocytes. We then tested the effect of a short period of heating on germ cell apoptosis in the testes of wild-type and transgenic mice. Pachytene spermatocytes were the major germ cell type seen to undergo apoptosis after heat treatment. There were no differences in the number of apoptotic germ cells per seminiferous tubule between wild-type and tCAST transgenic control mice; thus, there was no apparent effect of the transgene on normal apoptosis. Heating resulted in increased numbers of TUNEL-positive germ cells in both wild-type and tCAST transgenic mice, as well as increased testicular DNA fragmentation. Heating the tCAST transgenic mouse testes resulted in significantly fewer apoptotic cells per seminiferous tubule than in wild-type mice at both 8 and 24 hours after treatment. Thus, as hypothesized, the ectopic expression of tCAST in pachytene spermatocytes suppressed germ cell apoptosis.
Queer (2016)

Abstract Queer is anti‐essentialist and defines sexuality as an effect of discourse and social context and construction. Gender, far from binary, reveals itself as unstable and its norms in the definition of the sexes as only artificially fixed. Queer might be conceived as a militant sensitivity to historic silences and crude universalisms. The intersection of postcolonial and queer theories has invited highly imaginative comparative interdisciplinary studies.