gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A natural killer cell receptor specific for a major histocompatibility complex class I molecule. (1994)

Target cell expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules correlates with resistance to lysis by natural killer (NK) cells. Prior functional studies of the murine NK cell surface molecule, Ly-49, suggested its role in downregulating NK cell cytotoxicity by specifically interacting with target cell H-2Dd molecules. In support of this hypothesis, we now demonstrate a physical interaction between H-2Dd and Ly-49 in both qualitative and quantitative cell-cell binding assays employing a stable transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line expressing Ly-49 and MHC class I transfected target cells. Binding occurred only when CHO cells expressed Ly-49 at high levels and targets expressed H-2Dd by transfection. Monoclonal antibody blocking experiments confirmed this interaction. These studies indicate that the specificity of natural killing is influenced by NK cell receptors that engage target cell MHC class I molecules.
Silicon Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (2000)

This paper reviews capacitor micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUTs). Transducers for air-borne and immersion applications are made from parallel-plate capacitors whose dimensions are controlled through traditional integrated circuit manufacturing methods. Transducers for airborne ultrasound applications have been operated in the frequency range of 0.1–11 MHz, while immersion transducers have been operated in the frequency range of 1–20 MHz. The Mason model is used to represent the cMUT and highlight the important parameters in the design of both airborne and immersion transducers. Theory is used to compare the dynamic range and the bandwidth of the cMUTs to piezoelectric transducers. It is seen that cMUTs perform at least as well if not better than piezoelectric transducers. Examples of single-element transducers, linear-array transducers, and two-dimensional arrays of transducers will be presented.
Deep-Ultraviolet Raman Measurements Using a Spatial Heterodyne Raman Spectrometer (SHRS) (2015)

A deep-ultraviolet (UV) 244 nm excitation spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (SHRS) is demonstrated for the first time. The deep-UV SHRS has no moving parts, and even though it is small for a deep-UV Raman spectrometer, the spectral resolution is shown to be about 4 cm(-1). The deep-UV SHRS also has a large input aperture and acceptance angle, and the resulting large field of view is shown to be useful to avoid laser-induced sample degradation. In this feasibility study, Raman spectra of several compounds are measured to demonstrate the spectral resolution and range of the system. A photosensitive compound is also measured to demonstrate the use of a large laser spot to minimize UV-laser-induced sample degradation.
Plasmonic detector/spectrometer of subterahertz radiation based on two-dimensional electron system with embedded defect (2012)

We demonstrate that the introduction of a defect in the form of an electron density step into a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) locally rectifies the alternating potential of plasma waves. The rectification mechanism is active at temperatures up to room temperature. We observe photovoltage oscillations in a back-gated 2DES with a density defect, when tuning the density under incident subterahertz radiation. The oscillations originate from the interference of 2D plasma waves excited by subterahertz radiation. The period of oscillations depends on the radiation wavelength. These phenomena can be exploited further to produce detectors/spectrometers for millimeter waves.
Phase noise and polarization state insensitive optical coherent systems (1990)

The authors present three different schemes that allow compensation of phase noise and polarisation state change by sending a reference channel that is suitably frequency shifted by using polarization modulation together with Stokes parameters detection or computing and inverting the Jones matrix that describes the fiber polarization state transformation. As a conclusion, some comparisons are made among different approaches in order to show how different systems can be tailored to different requirements both in point-to-point and in multipoint networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synergistic Antifungal Activities of Bafilomycin A 1 , Fluconazole, and the Pneumocandin MK-0991/Caspofungin Acetate (L-743,873) with Calcineurin Inhibitors FK506 and L-685,818 against Cryptococcus neoformans (2000)

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening infections of the central nervous system. Existing therapies include amphotericin B, fluconazole, and flucytosine, which are limited by toxic side effects and the emergence of drug resistance. We recently demonstrated that the protein phosphatase calcineurin is required for growth at 37 degrees C and virulence of C. neoformans. Because calcineurin is the target of potent inhibitors in widespread clinical use, cyclosporine and FK506 (tacrolimus), it is an attractive drug target for novel antifungal agents. Here we have explored the synergistic potential of combining the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 or its nonimmunosuppressive analog, L-685,818, with other antifungal agents and examined the molecular basis of FK506 action by using genetically engineered fungal strains that lack the FK506 target proteins FKBP12 and calcineurin. We demonstrate that FK506 exhibits marked synergistic activity with the H(+)ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A(1) via a novel action distinct from calcineurin loss of function. FK506 also exhibits synergistic activity with the pneumocandin MK-0991/caspofungin acetate (formerly L-743,873), which targets the essential beta-1,3 glucan synthase, and in this case, FK506 action is mediated via FKBP12-dependent inhibition of calcineurin. Finally, we demonstrate that FK506 and fluconazole have synergistic activity that is independent of both FKBP12 and calcineurin and may involve the known ability of FK506 to inhibit multidrug resistance pumps, which are known to export azoles from fungal cells. In summary, our studies illustrate the potential for synergistic activity of a variety of different drug combinations and the power of molecular genetics to define the mechanisms of drug action, as well as identify a novel action of FK506 that could have profound implications for therapeutic or toxic effects in other organisms, including humans.
Fundamentals of Multiphase Flow (2024)

This chapter introduces the fundamentals of multiphase flow through flowlines focused on the transport of hydrocarbons. The flow field of multiphase flow, even for the simpler gas–liquid flows considered in this book, is extraordinarily complex phenomenon. The simplicity of single-phase flow driven by the balance of pressure, inertia, and viscous terms is not directly applicable to multiphase flow due to the intricate spatial phase distributions adopted in real pipeline flow. The phase spatial distribution is not only a local (i.e. pipe cross-section) challenge, but phase distributions evolve throughout the entire length of the flowline. Thus, phase distribution is a very dynamic phenomenon, even for pseudo-steady flows. Transient operations add another degree of difficulty to the modeling of gas–liquid flows over the already complex steady-state flow. In summary, to cope with the several intricacies of multiphase flow, the developers of software depend on simplified models and rely on available experimental data to close the set of equations of the model. Also, for production systems in operation, it is beneficial to gather field measurement data whenever possible to calibrate the software models.
Elastic Properties of Diamond-Type Semiconductors (1962)

The elastic moduli and characteristic lattice vibrational frequencies of semiconductors with diamond,zinc blende, and wurzite semiconductors are reduced to dimensionless parameters. The dimensionless elastic parameters exhibit a much smaller variation from compound to compound than the original parameters. Some generalizations can be made concerning the variation of the dimensionless parameters.
Identification of two porcine brush border glycoproteins that bind the K88ac adhesin of Escherichia coli and correlation of these glycoproteins with the adhesive phenotype (1992)

In this study, we identified two brush border glycoproteins (210 and 240 kDa) that bind both K88ac+ Escherichia coli and purified K88ac adhesin. The specificity of these binding glycoproteins for the K88ac adhesin was demonstrated in studies in which the binding of 35S-labeled K88ac+ E. coli and biotinylated K88ac adhesin to these glycoproteins was blocked in the presence of a 100-fold molar excess of unlabeled K88ac adhesin but not in the presence of the K99 adhesin. Pretreatment of adhesive brush borders with sodium metaperiodate destroyed both binding activities, indicating that the interaction between the K88ac adhesin and the binding glycoproteins requires the glycoprotein carbohydrate moiety. It was demonstrated previously that K88ac+ E. coli binds to adhesive brush borders but not to nonadhesive brush borders (R. Sellwood, R. A. Gibbons, G. W. Jones, and J. M. Rutter, J. Med. Microbiol. 8:405-411, 1975). In the present study, brush borders isolated from 10 different pigs were tested first for brush border adhesiveness and then for the presence of the binding glycoproteins. In all cases, the binding glycoproteins were detected only in the adhesive brush border preparations. These two binding glycoproteins may be the receptors used by K88ac+ ETEC to adhere to intestinal brush border cells. Their presence on adhesive brush borders and absence on nonadhesive brush borders may be the basis for resistance and susceptibility of pigs to K88ac+ ETEC infections.
Monoclonal Antibodies for treatment of Gram-Negative Infections (1989)

Monoclonal antibody technology has permitted researchers to dissect out the protective antibody response to conserved regions of gram-negative bacillary lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins). Some anticore antibodies can bind to lipid A and have a neutralizing, but not opsonic, activity; these antibodies are usually IgM. IgG antibodies to outer core regions may be weakly opsonic. The outcome of animal protection studies is critically dependent on the choice of challenge organism, dose, timing and rate of antibody administration, and additional factors such as antimicrobial therapy. Protective activity against a wide variety of gram-negative bacillary challenges with the IgM anticore and lipid A reactive antibody, which we have designated E5, is reviewed. Protection in a therapeutic model is demonstrable when the antibody is used in conjunction with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. This antibody is now being assessed in clinical trials. Optimal use of monoclonal antibodies may involve a "cocktail" of antibodies with complementary binding specificities.
Fabrication, derivatization, and applications of plastic microfluidic devices (2001)

Control of the polymer surface chemistry is a crucial aspect in the development of plastic microfluidic devices. When commercially available plastic substrates are used to fabricate microchannels, differences in the electroosmotic flow (EOF) from plastic to plastic can be very high. Therefore, we have used polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) to alter the surface of microchannels fabricated in plastics. The PEMs are easily fabricated and provide a means for controlling the flow direction and the electroosmotic mobility in the channels. Optimal modification of the microchannel surfaces was obtained by coating the channels with alternating layers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(styrene sulfonate). The efficacy of the surface modification has been evaluated by measuring the electroosmotic flow mobility. When microchannels prepared in different polymer substrates were modified with PEMs, they demonstrated very similar electroosmotic mobilities. The PEMs have also been used to immobilize chemically selective molecules in the microchannels. In addition, relatively complex flow patterns, with simple arrangements of applied voltages, have been realized by derivatization of different arms of a single device with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Flow in opposite directions in the same channel is also possible; a positively derivatized plastic substrate with a negatively charged lid was used to achieve topbottom opposite flows.
Adaptive coding and modulation in an OFDM-TDMA communication system (2002)

The capacity of a wireless communication system based on the OFDM transmission technique is analysed. The considered system, which includes a TDMA approach, is designed for mobile access to different multimedia services, such as speech, video, e-mail and file transfer. In order to support a variety of services on the one hand and to take into account the behaviour of the frequency-selective radio channel on the other hand, an adaptive allocation of modulation and coding scheme is supplied. For this purpose, an optimal combination of modulation scheme and code rate is determined in a first step. Using these results, the capacity of such a system is analysed by calculating the number of supported users within a cell and comparing these numbers to a system with fixed modulation/coding.
Non-operative Management of Lumbar Disc Herniation (2001)

A Wide variety of non-operative treatments are advocated in management of lumbar disc herniations. Unfortunately the multiplicity of treatment methods implies the absence of a clearly superior treatment program. Because of the great expense created by the chaotic array of conservative care measures and arbitrary selection of these measures by different subspecialist, Quebec Task Force, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, AAOS/NASS spine Algorithm Task Force developed the guidelines for conservative treatments. It is generally accepted that past medical recommendations may have been overly cautious in returning patients to activity to their possible detriment, thereby slowing recovering and worsening prognosis were resulted. Therefore there is a shifts towards more active therapy with involvement of the patient in various excercise programs recently. In this articles various conservative treatments were reviewed in order to help in managing the patient with lumbar disc herniation.
Protective Effect of Liposomal-Amphotericin B Against C. Albicans Infection in Mice (1985)

The efficacy of free amphotericin B (AmpB) and liposomal-amphotericin B (L-AmpB) in the protection against C. albicans infection in mice was studied. Mice injected with a single dose of L-AmpB (1-4 mg/kg) two days prior to the yeast inoculation had an increased survival time when compared to animals injected with lower doses (0.8 mg/kg) of free AmpB or L-AmpB. L-AmpB (4 mg/kg of body weight) conferred protection against the fungal infection even when administered as a single dose five days prior to the yeast inoculation. A single-dose regimen of free AmpB showed a protective effect only when administered two days prior to the inoculum. When mice were challenged with larger yeast inocula, protection was seen with L-AmpB (4 mg/kg) or with multiple doses of free AmpB (0.8 mg/kg daily x 5) and not with single doses of free AmpB. In this group of mice, only animals treated with L-AmpB were microbiologically free of infection.
Ultraconserved elements: Genomics, function and disease (2008)

Evolutionary conservation has become a powerful tool to identify functionally important genomic sequences/elements in the human genome. There are 481 genomic segments longer than 200 base pairs (bp) that are absolutely conserved (100% identity with no insertions or deletions) between human, mouse and rat genomes. Such segments are known as ultraconserved elements (UCEs). Although our knowledge of UCEs is limited, most recent studies suggest that UCEs play a functional role in vertebrate genomes, such as serving as long-range enhancers of flanking genes, regulating splicing and epigenetic modifications, and functioning as transcriptional coactivator. Most recent studies show that expression of UCEs is consistently altered in tumors, strongly suggesting these elements may also be involved in human disease such as cancer development.
Chemically responsive microelectrochemical devices based on platinized poly(3-methylthiophene): variation in conductivity with variation in hydrogen, oxygen, or pH in aqueous solution (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemically responsive microelectrochemical devices based on platinized poly(3-methylthiophene): variation in conductivity with variation in hydrogen, oxygen, or pH in aqueous solutionJames W. Thackeray and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 25, 6674–6679Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100283a016https://doi.org/10.1021/j100283a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Dietary Lipid Lowering Reduces Tissue Factor Expression in Rabbit Atheroma (1999)

These results suggest decreased expression and activity of TF as a novel mechanism of reduced incidence of thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis by lipid lowering.
Reduction of corneal scarring in rabbits by targeting the TGFB1 pathway with a triple siRNA combination (2013)

Purpose: The transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFB1) pathway has been linked to fibrosis in several tissues including skin, liver, kidney and the cornea. In this study, a RNA interference-based approach using siRNAs targeting three critical scarring genes, TGFB1, TGFB receptor 2 (TGFBR2) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), was tested for effects on reducing alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) and corneal scarring (haze) in excimer laser ablated rabbit corneas. Methods: Levels of TGFB1 and CTGF mRNAs were measured using qRT-PCR in the epithelial and endothelial cell layers of normal and excimer ablated rabbit corneas at 30 minutes, 1 day and 2 days after ablation. Two different scarring models were utilized to assess the effects of the triple siRNA combination on corneal scarring. In the first model, rabbit corneas were unevenly ablated creating a mesh pattern then treated immediately with the triple siRNA combination. After 1 day the ablated areas of corneas were collected and levels of mRNAs for TGFB1, TGFBR2 and CTGF were measured. After 14 days, levels of mRNA for SMA were measured and SMA protein immunolocalized in frozen sections. In the second model, rabbit corneas were uniformly ablated to a depth of 155 microns followed by three daily doses of the triple combination of siRNA. After 14 days, corneas were photographed and images were analyzed using Image J software to assess corneal scarring. Corneas were also analyzed for levels of SMA mRNA. Results: In both unwounded and wounded corneas, levels of TGFB1 and CTGF mRNA were always significantly higher in endothelial cells than in epithelial cells (10 to 30 fold). Thirty minutes after injury, levels of both TGFB1 and CTGF mRNAs increased approximately 20-fold in both epithelial and endothelial cells, and further increased approximately 60-fold in 2 days. In the first therapeutic experiment with a single siRNA dose, two of three rabbits showed substantial reductions of all three target genes after 1 day with a maximum knock down of 80% of TGFb 1, 50% reduction of TGFBR2 and 40% reduction of CTGF mRNA levels and reduced SMA mRNA at day 14. In the second therapeutic experiment with multiple doses of siRNA treatment, both rabbits showed a ~22% reduction in scar formation at day 14 as calculated by image analysis. There was also a corresponding 70% and 60% reduction of SMA RNA expression. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that both TGFB1 and CTGF dramatically increase in rabbit corneal epithelial and endothelial cells after injury. Treatment of excimer ablated rabbit corneas with a triple combination of siRNAs effectively reduced levels of the target genes and SMA, leading to reduced corneal scarring at 14 days, suggesting that this triple siRNA combination may be an effective new approach to reducing scarring in cornea and other tissues.
Predominant Role of Bacterial Pneumonia as a Cause of Death in Pandemic Influenza: Implications for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (2008)

The majority of deaths in the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic likely resulted directly from secondary bacterial pneumonia caused by common upper respiratory-tract bacteria. Less substantial data from the subsequent 1957 and 1968 pandemics are consistent with these findings. If severe pandemic influenza is largely a problem of viral-bacterial copathogenesis, pandemic planning needs to go beyond addressing the viral cause alone (e.g., influenza vaccines and antiviral drugs). Prevention, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of secondary bacterial pneumonia, as well as stockpiling of antibiotics and bacterial vaccines, should also be high priorities for pandemic planning.
Anxiety Disorders in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Study (2019)

Anxiety is common in children with ASD; however, the burden of specific anxiety disorders for adults with ASD is under-researched. Using the Stockholm Youth Cohort, we compared anxiety disorder diagnoses among autistic adults (n = 4049), with or without intellectual disability, and population controls (n = 217,645). We conducted additional sibling analyses. Anxiety disorders were diagnosed in 20.1% of adults with ASD compared with 8.7% of controls (RR = 2.62 [95% CI 2.47-2.79]), with greatest risk for autistic people without intellectual disability. Rates of almost all individual anxiety disorders were raised, notably obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobic anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders were more common in full siblings and half-siblings of people with ASD. The implications of this are explored.