gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of DNA Size Determination of Small Fragments by Flow Cytometry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCharacterization of DNA Size Determination of Small Fragments by Flow CytometryJeffrey T. Petty, Mitchell E. Johnson, Peter M. Goodwin, John C. Martin, James H. Jett, and Richard A. KellerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 10, 1755–1761Publication Date (Print):May 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00106a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00106a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kinins are generated in vivo following nasal airway challenge of allergic individuals with allergen. (1983)

Using a recently developed model of nasal challenge, we have obtained data that clearly demonstrate, for the first time, kinin generation during a local allergic reaction in vivo. Allergic individuals (n = 8) and matched nonallergic controls (n = 8) were challenged intranasally with the appropriate antigen and nasal washes were taken before and after challenge. Washes were assayed for kinin, histamine, and [3H]-N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME)-esterase activity. Increased kinin generation was found by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the nasal washes of all the allergics (5,560 +/- 1,670 pg/ml) but in none of the controls (38 +/- 16 pg/ml). The presence of kinin was highly correlated with that of histamine and TAME-esterase activity and with the onset of clinical symptoms (P less than 0.001). Serial dilutions of nasal washes produced RIA displacement curves that paralleled the standard curve, and recovery of standard kinins that were added to nasal washes was 100 +/- 4% (n = 14). Kinin recovery was identical in both allergics and controls and did not vary significantly with antigen challenge. The immunoreactive kinin in nasal washes was stable to boiling and not precipitated by ethanol, but completely destroyed by carboxypeptidase B. It was evenly distributed between the sol and gel phases of nasal washes. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the immunoreactive kinin in nasal washes showed it to be a mixture of lysylbradykinin and bradykinin. We conclude that kinins are produced during local allergic reactions in the nose and may contribute to the symptomatology of the allergic response.
Interactive Behavioral Update of Large Flocks (2000)

The availability of powerful and affordable 3D PC graphics boards has made the rendering of rich immersive environments possible at interactive speeds. The scene update rate and the appropriate behaviour of objects within the world are central to this immersive feeling. In this paper, we explore new techniques for increasing the efficiency of the flocking algorithm, which has been used extensively to emulate the flocking behaviour of creatures found in nature. The main contribution of this paper is a new method for imposing a hierarchical structure on the flock so that each member nearby neighbors can be determined more efficiently. This allows far larger flocks to be updated at interactive speeds on a PC.
Epidemiology of autism: Prevalence, associated characteristics, and implications for research and service delivery (1998)

We provide an overview of research on the epidemiology of autism and related pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). First, we provide data on the prevalence of autism, which now is estimated to be considerably higher than previously documented. Next, we focus on characteristics associated with autism, including psychosocial correlates, as well as associated physical and medical/psychiatric conditions. In this context, special consideration is given to the coexistence of autism and mental retardation, and to associated conditions that might be the most informative in advancing our understanding of the neurobiology and neuropsychology of autism. Data on outcome are also discussed, with special reference to early intervention and to empirically supported methods. We end by identifying potentially fruitful directions for future epidemiological research on autism/PDD, and by outlining implications of what already is known for the planning and delivery of services for this unique population. MRDD Research Reviews 1998;4:97–103. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Adult stem cells from bone marrow stroma differentiate into airway epithelial cells: Potential therapy for cystic fibrosis (2004)

Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most prevalent, fatal genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, is caused by mutations of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The mutations of this chloride channel alter the transport of chloride and associated liquid and thereby impair lung defenses. Patients typically succumb to chronic bacterial infections and respiratory failure. Restoration of the abnormal CFTR function to CF airway epithelium is considered the most direct way to treat the disease. In this report, we explore the potential of adult stem cells from bone marrow, referred to as mesenchymal or marrow stromal stem cells (MSCs), to provide a therapy for CF. We found that MSCs possess the capacity of differentiating into airway epithelia. MSCs from CF patients are amenable to CFTR gene correction, and expression of CFTR does not influence the pluripotency of MSCs. Moreover, the CFTR-corrected MSCs from CF patients are able to contribute to apical Cl(-) secretion in response to cAMP agonist stimulation, suggesting the possibility of developing cell-based therapy for CF. The ex vivo coculture system established in this report offers an invaluable approach for selection of stem-cell populations that may have greater potency in lung differentiation.
3,3‘-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1‘-disubstituted-2,2‘-biindoles:  Easily Accessible, Electron-Rich, Chiral Diphosphine Ligands for Homogeneous Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Oxoesters (2000)

Racemic (+/-)-3,3'-bis(diphenylphosphinyl)-1,1'-dimethyl-2, 2'-biindole (1c) (N-Me-2-BINPO) and (+/-)-3, 3'-bis(diphenylphosphinyl)-1,1'-bis(methoxymethyl)-2,2'-biindole (1d) (N-MOM-2-BINPO) were synthesized in satisfactory yields following a three-step reaction sequence, starting from indole. Resolution of racemic 1c and 1d was achieved through fractional crystallization of their diastereomeric adducts with optically active dibenzoyl tartaric acids, followed by alkaline decomplexation of the diastereomerically pure salts. Their trichlorosilane reduction gave enantiopure phosphines (+)- and (-)-(1a) (N-Me-2-BINP) and (+)- and (-)-(1b) (N-MOM-2-BINP). The electrochemical oxidative potential of 1a and 1b was found to be 0. 52 and 0.60 V, respectively. Both the enantiomers of (1a) were tested as ligands of Ru(II) in asymmetric hydrogenation reactions of alpha- and beta-oxoesters. Reactions were found to be outstandingly fast and enantioselection quite good. Comparative kinetic experiments on the hydrogenation reaction of methyl acetoacetate carried out with 1a, 1c, BINAP, and other biheteroaromatic diphosphines as ligands of Ru(II) demonstrated that all the reactions follow a first-order kinetic. A linear relationship was found between the kinetic constant log and the electrochemical oxidative potential of the diphosphine ligand.
Dual-band MWIR/LWIR radiometer for absolute temperature measurements (2006)

A Dual-band Radiometer (DBR) has been developed to accurately measure temperature at long ranges. Key to the DBR is a dual-band, quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array (FPA) that integrates within each pixel both mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) spectral sensitivity. A vertically-integrated, two-color FPA eliminates with inter-band optical distortions, temperature-induced alignment errors, and improves radiometric measurement accuracy. The DBR system is sensitive to human targets, yet minimally sensitive to atmospheric conditions, enabling accuracy over the widest possible range of global conditions by using Two-color Imaging Radiometry (TCIR) to establish a target's absolute temperature within +/- 1°C. The benefits of TCIR for greybody measurements are absolute atmospheric transmission values are not required and uncorrelated shifts in the spectral band transmission cause minimal error. The system is packaged with an eye-safe laser rangefinder, GPS, and weather station suite, which provides real-time atmospheric measurements. These measurements are input to the USAF MOSART predictive atmospheric codes, which are used for real-time field calibration of the data. The magnification necessary to resolve facial features from 200 m to 750 m range requires a custom designed 6" diameter, f/7 telescope with temperature-stable optical alignment over a wide range of operational temperatures.
Phytase-induced changes in mineral utilization in zinc-supplemented diets for pigs3 (1995)

Forty-eight pigs (barrows:gilts, 1:1) with an average initial weight of 9.4 kg were used in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment to determine the influence of dietary phytase (0 or 1,500 phytase units/kg) and zinc (0 or 100 mg/kg) supplementation of a corn-soybean meal diet on the utilization of P, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, and Zn. After a 21-d growth experiment, feed was withheld for 24 h and blood was collected from the anterior vena cava of all pigs for plasma mineral analyses. Twenty-four barrows from the growth experiment were then placed in metabolism cages and used in an 8-d mineral balance study. All pigs were maintained on their previous diet. Growth rate was fastest (P < .05) and feed efficiency was highest (P < .05) for pigs fed phytase-supplemented diets. Feed intake was unaffected (P > .05) by dietary treatment. Plasma P (P < .01) and Mg (P < .05) concentrations increased with phytase addition. Plasma Zn concentration increased (P < .05) when phytase was added to the diet containing no supplemental Zn, but plasma Zn concentration was not affected (P > .05) by phytase when the diet was supplemented with 100 mg of Zn/kg. Apparent Ca, P, and Cu balance were improved (P < .05) with phytase addition; however, Cu balance was reduced (P < .05) by Zn supplementation. Zinc balance was increased (P < .05) with supplemental zinc and phytase in the diet. These results indicate that the growth-promoting effect of phytase may be due to an overall increase in the availability of minerals.
Thermal conduction in ultrathin pure and doped single-crystal silicon layers at high temperatures (2005)

This work presents the in-plane thermal-conductivity data for pure as well as boron-doped (1.6×1021∕cm3), arsenic-doped (2.3×1020∕cm3), and phosphorus-doped (2.3×1020∕cm3) silicon layers of thickness 30nm in the temperature range of 300–450K. The steady-state Joule heating and electrical resistance thermometry are used to measure the lateral thermal conductivity of suspended silicon layers. Thermal-conductivity data for pure and doped single-crystalline thin silicon layers can be interpreted using thermal-conductivity integral in relaxation-time approximation that accounts for phonon-boundary and phonon-impurity scatterings. No additional fitting parameters are used in this work in contrast with previous studies that required an unusually large phonon-impurity scattering coefficient to fit the thermal-conductivity data for bulk doped silicon to the predictions of the thermal-conductivity integral in relaxation-time approximation.
Action of the Src Family Kinase Inhibitor, Dasatinib (BMS-354825), on Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2005)

Src family kinases (SFK) are currently being investigated as targets for treatment strategies in various cancers. The novel SFK/Abl inhibitor, dasatinib (BMS-354825), is a promising therapeutic agent with oral bioavailability. Dasatinib has been shown to inhibit growth of Bcr-Abl-dependent chronic myeloid leukemia xenografts in nude mice. Dasatinib also has been shown to have activity against cultured human prostate and breast cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism by which dasatinib acts on epithelial tumor cells remains unknown. In this study, we show that dasatinib blocks the kinase activities of the SFKs, Lyn, and Src, in human prostate cancer cells at low nanomolar concentrations. Moreover, focal adhesion kinase and Crk-associated substrate (p130(CAS)) signaling downstream of SFKs are also inhibited at similar concentrations of dasatinib. Consistent with inhibition of these signaling pathways, dasatinib suppresses cell adhesion, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells at low nanomolar concentrations. Therefore, dasatinib has potential as a therapeutic agent for metastatic prostate cancers harboring activated SFK and focal adhesion kinase signaling.
Computer-switch telephony applications (1991)

Describes the integration of computing systems with public and private telecommunication switching networks and the configuration options that affect application performance and need to be carefully considered to ensure successful deployment. Automatic call distribution (ACD) is examined in detail. Joint peer-peer applications in the distributed environment are examined with regard to standards. The benefits of standards in this are are discussed and the progress of standardisation of switch computer interfaces in ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers' Association) with computer supported telecommunications applications (CSTA) is reviewed. The authors draw conclusions on the future of interworking of computing and switching systems as the scope of applications for joint applications expands. >
Lack of Immune Stimulation by Immobilized CpG-Oligodeoxynucleotide (1999)

Selected phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG (CpG-ODN) activate immune responses, including B-cell proliferation and cytokine production. The mechanism by which cells detect CpG-motifs is not known. There are conflicting reports in the literature concerning the ability of CpG-ODN linked to solid supports to stimulate immunity. We prepared a fluorescent, biotinylated CpG-ODN, a reagent that will support the growth of 7TD1 cells, a murine B-cell hybridoma line that requires CpG-ODN or interleukin-6 (IL-6) for survival. Stimulation of 7TD1 cell growth was not reduced by complexing biotinylated CpG-ODN to streptavidin, but cell growth was not supported by CpG-ODN coupled to streptavidin-coated latex, magnetic, gold, or agarose beads. A fluorescent CpG-ODN was also covalently attached to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose beads via a 5'-amine group. These derivatized Sepharose beads did support 7TD1 cell growth, but incubation of the beads with 7TD1 cells resulted in the appearance of fluorescence within the cells, suggesting that growth stimulation may be due to CpG-ODN leached from the beads. Our results are consistent with the need for CpG-ODN to be internalized into cells to be immunostimulatory.
Size exclusion chromatography of caprine whey proteins. (1990)

Mise au point d'une methode rapide de separation des proteines du lactoserum de chevre. 8 pics ont ete obtenus, apres detection UV. Confirmation par electrophorese sur gel, en presence de S.D.S. Comparaison avec le lactoserum de vache
A Forward Chemical Screen in Zebrafish Identifies a Retinoic Acid Derivative with Receptor Specificity (2010)

Our screen has identified a novel retinoid with specificity for retinoid receptors. This lead compound may be useful for manipulating components of retinoid signaling networks, and may be further derivatized for enhanced activity.
Initial evaluation of cystatin C measurement by particle-enhanced immunonephelometry on the Behring nephelometer systems (BNA, BN II) (1997)

Serum cystatin C has been suggested as a new marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We describe a fully automated and rapid particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay (PENIA) for measuring serum cystatin C on the Behring nephelometer systems (BNA, BN II). Each sample is analyzed in 6 min with as many as 75 samples per batch. The assay covers the range 0.23-7.25 mg/L, up to seven times the upper limit of normal. The intra- and interassay imprecision are < 3.3% and < 4.5%, respectively. There is absolute linearity across the assay range (r2 = 0.997), with analytical recovery by cystatin C addition between 95% and 109% (mean 102%). Hemoglobin (< or = 8.0 g/L), bilirubin (< or = 488 microL), triglycerides (< or = 23 mmol/L), rheumatoid factor (< or = 2000 kIU/L), and myeloma paraprotein (< or = 41 g/L) do not interfere with the assay. This assay agreed well with an in-house particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) (mean difference = 1.73 +/- 2.10) and a commercial PETIA (mean difference = 1.13 +/- 0.86). This is a new assay by which cystatin C may be effectively used as a marker of GFR estimation.
Repetitive Electroacupuncture Attenuates Cold-Induced Hypertension through Enkephalin in the Rostral Ventral Lateral Medulla (2016)

Acupuncture lowers blood pressure (BP) in hypertension, but mechanisms underlying its action are unclear. To simulate clinical studies, we performed electroacupuncture (EA) in unanesthetized rats with cold-induced hypertension (CIH) induced by six weeks of cold exposure (6 °C). EA (0.1 - 0.4 mA, 2 Hz) was applied at ST36-37 acupoints overlying the deep peroneal nerve for 30 min twice weekly for five weeks while sham-EA was conducted with the same procedures as EA except for no electrical stimulation. Elevated BP was reduced after six sessions of EA treatment and remained low 72 hrs after EA in 18 CIH rats, but not in sham-EA (n = 12) and untreated (n = 6) CIH ones. The mRNA level of preproenkephalin in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM) 72 hr after EA was increased (n = 9), compared to the sham-EA (n = 6), untreated CIH rats (n = 6) and normotensive control animals (n = 6). Microinjection of ICI 174,864, a δ-opioid receptor antagonist, into the rVLM of EA-treated CIH rats partially reversed EA's effect on elevated BP (n = 4). Stimulation of rVLM of CIH rats treated with sham-EA using a δ-opioid agonist, DADLE, decreased BP (n = 6). These data suggest that increased enkephalin in the rVLM induced by repetitive EA contributes to BP lowering action of EA.
Th17 and Th1 T-Cell Responses in Giant Cell Arteritis (2010)

Two pathogenic pathways mediated by Th17 and Th1 cells contribute to the systemic and vascular manifestations of GCA. IL-17-producing Th17 cells are sensitive to glucocorticoid-mediated suppression, but interferon-gamma-producing Th1 responses persist in treated patients. Targeting steroid-resistant Th1 responses will be necessary to resolve chronic smoldering vasculitis. Monitoring Th17 and Th1 frequencies can aid in assessing disease activity in GCA.
Container Effect in Nanocasting Synthesis of Mesoporous Metal Oxides (2011)

We report a general reaction container effect in the nanocasting synthesis of mesoporous metal oxides. The size and shape of the container body in conjunction with simply modifying the container opening accessibility can be used to control the escape rate of water and other gas-phase byproducts in the calcination process, and subsequently affect the nanocrystal growth of the materials inside the mesopore space of the template. In this way, the particle size, mesostructure ordering, and crystallinity of the final product can be systemically controlled. The container effect also explain some of the problems with reproducibility in previously reported results.
Composition and Functional Analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Trehalose Synthase Complex (1998)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP), which convert glucose 6-phosphate plus UDP-glucose to trehalose, are part of the trehalose synthase complex. In addition to the TPS1 (previously also called GGS1, CIF1, BYP1, FDP1, GLC6, and TSS1) and TPS2 (also described as HOG2 and PFK3) gene products, this complex also contains a regulatory subunit encoded by TSL1. We have constructed a set of isogenic strains carrying all possible combinations of deletions of these three genes and of TPS3, a homologue of TSL1 identified by systematic sequencing. Deletion of TPS1 totally abolished TPS activity and measurable trehalose, whereas deletion of any of the other genes in most cases reduced both. Similarly, deletion of TPS2 completely abolished TPP activity, and deletion of any of the other genes resulted in a reduction of this activity. Therefore, it appears that all subunits are required for optimal enzymatic activity. Since we observed measurable trehalose in strains lacking all but the TPS1 gene, some phosphatase activity in addition to Tps2 can hydrolyze trehalose 6-phosphate. Deletion of TPS3, in particular in a tsl1Delta background, reduced both TPS and TPP activities and trehalose content. Deletion of TPS2, TSL1, or TPS3 and, in particular, of TSL1 plus TPS3 destabilized the trehalose synthase complex. We conclude that Tps3 is a fourth subunit of the complex with functions partially redundant to those of Tsl1. Among the four genes studied, TPS1 is necessary and sufficient for growth on glucose and fructose. Even when overproduced, none of the other subunits could take over this function of Tps1 despite the homology shared by all four proteins. A portion of Tps1 appears to occur in a form not bound by the complex. Whereas TPS activity in the complex is inhibited by Pi, Pi stimulates the monomeric form of Tps1. We discuss the possible role of differentially regulated Tps1 in a complex-bound or monomeric form in light of the requirement of Tps1 for trehalose production and for growth on glucose and fructose.
An analysis of China's grain production: looking back and looking forward (2013)

Abstract Ensuring food security is the foundation of economic development and social stability. C hina is historically a country that is dominated by agriculture. In the past 60 years, C hina's total grain output increased by fivefold, from 113 million tons (MT) in 1949 to 571 MT in 2011, a statistic which provides inspiration to producers in other parts of the world. Grain production per capita doubled, from 209 to 425 kg during the same time period. At the national scale, C hina has succeeded in maintaining a basic self‐sufficiency for grain for the past three decades. However, with the increasing population pressure and a growing appetite for animal products, C hina will need 776 MT grain by 2030 to feed its own people, a net increase of 35.9% from its best year on record. C hina's drive for future food security is challenged by problems such as low efficiency of resource use and resource limitation, diminishing return in yield response, competition for nonagricultural land uses, and environmental degradation. In this article, we analyze historical, temporal, and spatial variation in total grain production as well as the overall developing trends of current and future grain production, and discussed relevant options to overcome production constraints and further promote agricultural production.