gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Veratrum alkaloid teratogenicity in the mouse (1990)

Jervine, a steroidal alkaloid found as a minor constituent in the teratogenic range plant Veratrum californicum, has produced similar terata in sheep, rabbit, hamster, and chick, although the sensitivity to the alkaloid varies in the different species. Sprague Dawley rats and Swiss Webster mice are relatively insensitive. The aim of this study was to determine the teratogenic potential of jervine in three strains of mice and to ascertain if the response is strain dependent. One strain, Swiss N:GP(S), was retested since a Swiss Webster strain had been found previously to be jervine-resistant. In addition, we tested C57BL/6J and A/J, which are known to differ in their response to the teratogenic action of steroids and vitamin A. Mice were treated by gavage with single doses of jervine (70, 150, or 300 mg/kg body weight) on either day 8, 9, or 10 of gestation. Jervine was teratogenic to C57BL/6J and A/J mice but not to N:GP(S). The induced terata included cleft lip with or without cleft palate, isolated cleft palate, mandibular micrognathia or agnathia, and limb malformations. Fetal teratogenicity and maternal and fetal toxicity were highly correlated. The prevalence of each defect and fetal death was a function of strain, dose, and time of treatment. Maternal death was higher in C57BL/6J than in A/J mice. Although some of the terata were similar, the response pattern between strains was different from corticosteroids and vitamin A for both sensitive period and the strain dose response. An effect on differentiation of chondrocyte precursors may account for many of the defects, but an earlier lethal effect on differentiation of neural crest cells or precordal mesenchyme may also occur.
Treatment Of Crohn’s Disease With Interferon A Preliminary Clinical Trial (1980)

SummaryFive patients with endoscopically demonstrable lesions of Crohn’s disease of the colon were treated with human fibroblast interferon for periods of 3 to 6 weeks. In two cases objective improvement was observed, i.e. disappearance of a chronic perianal inflammation mass and of acute mucosal lesions in the rectum. In two other cases there was marked clinical improvement but without change in endoscopic appearance of the colon. The fifth patient, who presented with a sigmoidovesical fistula, did not respond to the therapy.
Development and Evaluation of an in vivo Mouse Model for Studying Myocutaneous Flap Micro-circulation and Viability before and after Suturing or Stapling (1994)

A model was developed in albino hairless mice to study microcirculation and viability of dorsal distally based myocutaneous flaps. The efficacy of this model was tested in 120 mice by evaluating the effects of excessive crimping and tension attributed to Proximate or Signet staples or to simple or mattress nylon sutures. Microhemodynamics were assessed using computer-assisted intravital videomicroscopic and electro-optical methods. Volumetric rates of blood flow were calculated within terminal arterioles from measurements of internal diameter and mean centerline cellular velocity. The viability was determined on day 5 by measuring the areas of necrosis (mm2) along the cut edges of these flaps. In 80 mice, flaps were elevated and examined at 0 h and then again at 24 or 48 h. There were 40 mice in each of these disturbed groups. In a third group of 40 mice, flaps were raised at 0 h without videomicroscopic examination at 0, 24, or 48 h (undisturbed group). All flaps were stapled or sutured to the original donor site with one of the four methods of closure. The results of this study indicate that sutures produce the highest incidence of necrosis at 5 days when compared to staples in the undisturbed groups of mice. However, no significant differences in necrosis were observed when flaps were disturbed at 48 h despite videomicroscopic evidence of depressed blood flow along their cut edges. In contrast, results at 24 h were equivocal and statistically not significant. These data suggest that the phenomenon of delay and/or flap recirculation following removal and reapproximation of sutures or staples drastically improves perfusion and viability of disturbed flaps.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Conserved TAAATG sequence at the transcriptional and translational initiation sites of vaccinia virus late genes deduced by structural and functional analysis of the HindIII H genome fragment (1986)

The sequence of the 8,600-base-pair HindIII H fragment, located at the center of the vaccinia virus genome, was determined to analyze several late genes. Seven major complete open reading frames (ORFs) and two that started from or continued into adjacent DNA segments were identified. ORFs were closely spaced and present on both DNA strands. Some adjacent ORFs had oppositely oriented overlapping termination codons or contiguous stop and start codons. Nucleotide compositional analysis indicated that the A-T frequency was consistently lowest in the first codon position. The sizes of the polypeptides predicted from the DNA sequence were compared with those determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell-free translation products of mRNAs selected by hybridization to cloned single-stranded DNA segments or synthesized in vitro by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. Six transcripts that initiated within the HindIII H DNA fragment were detected, and of these, four were synthesized only at late times, one was synthesized only early, and one was synthesized early and late. The sites on the genome corresponding to the 5' ends of the transcripts were located by high-resolution nuclease S1 analysis. For late genes, the transcriptional and translational initiation sites mapped within a few nucleotides of each other, and in each case the sequence TAAATGG occurred at the start of the ORF. The extremely short leader and the absence of A or G in the -3 position, relative to the first nucleotide of the initiation codon, distinguishes the majority of vaccinia virus late genes from eucaryotic and vaccinia virus early genes.
Biosynthesis and biochemical properties of the hepatitis C virus core protein (1994)

The biosynthesis and biochemical properties of the putative nucleocapsid protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) were investigated. RNA transcripts for cell-free translation were prepared from truncated form of the cDNA construct encoding the structural proteins of HCV. Processing of the translation products was dependent on microsomal membranes and signal recognition particle, suggesting that release of the 21-kDa core protein from the polyprotein precursor is mediated solely by the signal peptidase of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is achieved by the removal of a putative signal sequence of approximately 18 residues located at its C terminus. The core protein was found to bind membranes in vitro and in transfected cells, as shown by centrifugation analysis of in vitro translation products and transfected-cell lysates. Immunofluorescence of transfected cells showed that the core protein colocalized with the E2 glycoprotein as well as with a cellular ER membrane marker. The nucleocapsid protein expressed by in vitro translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysates cosedimented with the large ribosomal subunit in sucrose gradients. The ribosome binding domain was mapped to the N-terminal region of the core protein. Moreover, the same region was shown to bind RNA in vitro, suggesting that cosedimentation of core protein with ribosomes may be mediated by the RNA binding of the nucleocapsid protein of HCV. These studies indicate that the HCV core protein is a cytoplasmic protein associated with the ER membranes and possesses RNA binding activity.
Emerging applications of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of articular cartilage. (1996)

MR imaging rapidly is emerging as a tool of unparalleled power for examining the articular cartilage and other important structures in diarthrodial joints. In addition to delineating the morphology of cartilage, MR imaging is capable of quantifying a variety of compositional and functional parameters relevant to arthritis. Moreover, because MR imaging is a nondestructive technique, multiple parameters can be analyzed in the same region of tissue and frequent serial examinations can be performed on even asymptomatic patients. This offers an unprecedented opportunity to study arthritis in ways not imaginable before and potentially to expand the envelope of MR imaging to include a population of patients for whom imaging has had relatively little to offer.
The MIMO cube - a compact MIMO antenna (2003)

A compact MIMO antenna is suggested by combining polarization diversity and space diversity into one arrangement consisting of a cube where all 12 edges consist of an electrical dipole. The antenna should be useful in an indoor environment with waves arriving from many directions with arbitrary polarizations. The highest gain values are around 8.5 dB per cube and the theoretical capacity is 47 b/s/Hz for a basic SNR of 20 dB. The number of active channels is 12 for a side length of half-a-wavelength, but reduces to 6 for a very compact antenna. Even for less ideal conditions like only horizontal propagation, or lack of cross polarization, the capacity attains considerable values.
Role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway in long-term potentiation and trace fear conditioning memory in rat medial prefrontal cortex (2008)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and its downstream targets, including Akt (also known as protein kinase B, PKB), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the 70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6k), and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), may play important roles in long-term synaptic plasticity and memory in many brain regions, such as the hippocampus and the amygdala. The present study investigated the role of the PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), also a crucial neural locus for the control of cognition and emotion. Western blot analysis of mPFC tissues showed an activation of phosphorylation of Akt at the Ser473 residues, mTOR, p70S6k, and 4E-BP1 in response to long-term potentiation (LTP)-inducing high-frequency stimulation (HFS). Infusion of PI3K inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) and an mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) into the mPFC in vivo suppressed HFS-induced LTP as well as the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. In parallel, these inhibitors interfered with the long-term retention of trace fear memory examined 3 d and 6 d after the trace fear conditioning training, whereas short-term trace fear memory and object recognition memory were kept intact. These results provide evidence of involvement of activation of the PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in the mPFC for LTP and long-term retention of trace fear memory.
Intestinal permeability in children with Crohn's disease and coeliac disease. (1982)

Mannitol and lactulose were used as probe molecules to measure intestinal permeability in children with active small-bowel Crohn's disease and with untreated coeliac disease. Mannitol and lactulose were administered by mouth in a moderately hypertonic solution (580 mmol (mosmol)/l), and results were expressed as the ratio of the molecules excreted in urine over five hours. Patients with Crohn's disease had a sixfold increase in permeability (due to increased lactulose permeability) and those with coeliac disease a fivefold increase (due to decreased mannitol permeability). From these results the test offers potential as a noninvasive investigation in children with small-bowel disease.
The Use of Optical Fiber Bundles Combined with Electrochemistry for Chemical Imaging (2003)

The present Review describes the progress made in using imaging optical fiber bundles for fluorescence and electrochemical-initiated chemiluminescence imaging. A novel optoelectrochemical micro-ring array has been fabricated and demonstrated for concurrent electrochemical and optical measurements. The device comprises optical fibers coated with gold via electroless gold deposition and assembled in a random array format. The design yielded an array of approximately 200 micro-ring electrodes, where interdiffusional problems were minimized. The inner diameter of the ring electrode is fixed by the diameter of the individual optical fibers (25 microns), while the outer radius is determined by the thickness of the deposited gold. While all the fibers are optically addressable, they are not all electrochemically addressable. The resolution of this device is in the tens of micrometers range, determined by the diameter of the optical fiber (25 microns) and by the spacing between each electrically connected fiber. For the purpose of having well-behaved microelectrode characteristics, this spacing was designed to be larger than 60 microns. The array was characterized using ferrocyanide in aqueous solution as a model electroactive species to demonstrate that this microelectrode array format exhibits steady-state currents at short response times. This device has potential application to be used as an optoelectronic sensor, especially for the electrolytic generation and transmission of electrochemiluminescence, and was used to demonstrate that electrochemically generated luminescent products can be detected with the fiber assembly.
The Hypoglycemic Effect of The PEGylated FGF-21 (2013)

聚乙二醇修饰的成纤维细胞生长因子 鄄21的降血糖作用
Introduction (2012)

The title pages of early to mid-eighteenth-century fictions rarely announce that what follows is a “novel.” Instead, they forecast tales, memoirs, travels, fortunes and misfortunes, histories, lives and opinions, sketches, journals, adventures, and expeditions. These tags point to the long gestation of what Samuel Richardson called this “new manner of writing” and its equally protracted struggle to escape its lowly rank in the hierarchy of genres. Only late in the period, in fact, do the novel’s contours as a distinct and creditable form become fully visible. Its deferred elevation owes something to the writing of literary critical histories that began with Clara Reeve’s 1785 Progress of Romance and to such collections as Anna Laetitia Barbauld’s 1810 The British Novelists in fifty volumes and Walter Scott’s 1821–4 Ballantyne’s Novelist’s Library in ten volumes. Even before such efforts to label and sort, however, the vagueness about names was more apparent than real, since actual readers throughout the period clearly grasped the family connection between the diverse titles. But the categorical slippages also, and importantly, reflect the status of the novel as a mode in process, its history one of continuous, if uneven, experimentation. This Introduction to the Eighteenth-Century Novel aims to convey a sense of that variety and experimentation by listening to the conversations novelists pursued through the medium of their fictions with their fellow writers, literary forebears, and surrounding culture.
Molecular Genetic and Endocrine Mechanisms of Hair Growth (2003)

The prenatal morphogenesis of hair follicles depends upon a precisely regulated series of molecular genetic processes. Hormones and their receptors play prominent roles in modulating postnatal hair cycling, which recapitulates some aspects of morphogenesis. The responses to androgen are the most obvious of these. The postnatal androgen sensitivity of pilosebaceous units in different skin areas is programmed during prenatal development to permit clinical outcomes such as hirsutism and pattern baldness. Thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids, insulin-like growth factor-I, and prolactin have clinically significant effects on specific aspects of hair growth. The nuclear receptors vitamin D receptor and retinoid X receptor are essential for postnatal hair cycling. Other hormones have less clear effects on hair growth. Advances in research on the interaction of hormone target genes with the biological processes involved in hair morphogenesis and cycling can be expected to improve management of hirsutism and alopecia.
[Expression of RASAL2 in hepatocellular carcinoma and the clinical significance]. (2015)

Low expression of RRASAL2 is significantly associated with the poor prognosis of HCC, which is an independent factor for HCC prognosis.
Sequence analysis and structure-function correlations of murine q, k, u, s, and f haplotype I-A beta cDNA clones. (1986)

I-A beta-chain cDNA clones from mice of the q, k, u, s, and f haplotypes have been isolated and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence comparisons among these five A beta chains show considerable allelic variation in the region encoding the first external (beta 1) domain of the mature A beta protein. The beta 1 domain variability is clustered into three discrete regions, two of which divide the A beta chains into subgroups, suggesting an evolutionary history for the separation of alleles in inbred strains of mice. The amino acid sequences of these five chains are compared to each other and to previously published I-A beta chains. Correlations are made between the primary structural differences and the serologic and immune response characteristics mapping to the I-A subregion.
LiCoO[sub 2] Cathode Material That Does Not Show a Phase Transition from Hexagonal to Monoclinic Phase (2001)

Structural instability of LiCoO2 can be improved by sol-gel coating of Al2O3 and subsequent heat-treatments. While Al2O3 phase does not exist after heat-treatments. solid solution LiCo1-xAlxO2 that has discretely higher Al concentration was formed at the surface, up to similar to 500 Angstrom inside the particle. However, heat-treatment to 700 degreesC results in the presence of the solid solution beyond similar to 500 Angstrom. The different Al concentration at the surface significantly affects the structural stability of the materials during cycling, and those prepared at 400 degreesC do not show a phase transition from hexagonal to monoclinic phase, Disappearance of such a phase transition improves capacity retention of the cathode. Moreover, cathodes prepared at 400 and 500 degreesC show improved layered characteristics with cation order.
Selecting Improved Peptidyl Motifs for Cytosolic Delivery of Disparate Protein and Nanoparticle Materials (2013)

Cell penetrating peptides facilitate efficient intracellular uptake of diverse materials ranging from small contrast agents to larger proteins and nanoparticles. However, a significant impediment remains in the subsequent compartmentalization/endosomal sequestration of most of these cargoes. Previous functional screening suggested that a modular peptide originally designed to deliver palmitoyl-protein thioesterase inhibitors to neurons could mediate endosomal escape in cultured cells. Here, we detail properties relevant to this peptide's ability to mediate cytosolic delivery of quantum dots (QDs) to a wide range of cell-types, brain tissue culture and a developing chick embryo in a remarkably nontoxic manner. The peptide further facilitated efficient endosomal escape of large proteins, dendrimers and other nanoparticle materials. We undertook an iterative structure-activity relationship analysis of the peptide by discretely modifying key components including length, charge, fatty acid content and their order using a comparative, semiquantitative assay. This approach allowed us to define the key motifs required for endosomal escape, to select more efficient escape sequences, along with unexpectedly identifying a sequence modified by one methylene group that specifically targeted QDs to cellular membranes. We interpret our results within a model of peptide function and highlight implications for in vivo labeling and nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery by using different peptides to co-deliver cargoes to cells and engage in multifunctional labeling.
Directed evolution of an aspartate aminotransferase with new substrate specificities (1998)

The substrate specificity of aspartate aminotransferase was successfully modified by directed molecular evolution using a combination of DNA shuffling and selection in an auxotrophic Escherichia coli strain. After five rounds of selection, one of the evolved mutants showed a 10(5)-fold increase in the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for beta-branched amino and 2-oxo acids and a 30-fold decrease in that for the native substrates compared with the wild-type enzyme. The mutant had 13 amino acid substitutions, 6 of which contributed 80-90% to the total effect. Five of these six substitutions were conserved among the five mutants that showed the highest activity for beta-branched substrates. Interestingly, only one of the six functionally important residues is located within a distance of direct interaction with the substrate, supporting the idea that rational design of the substrate specificity of an enzyme is very difficult. The present results show that directed molecular evolution is a powerful technique for enzyme redesign if an adequate selection system is applied.
Light-dependent Translocation of a Phytochrome B-GFP Fusion Protein to the Nucleus in Transgenic Arabidopsis (1999)

Phytochrome is a ubiquitous photoreceptor of plants and is encoded by a small multigene family. We have shown recently that a functional nuclear localization signal may reside within the COOH-terminal region of a major member of the family, phytochrome B (phyB) (Sakamoto, K., and A. Nagatani. 1996. Plant J. 10:859-868). In the present study, a fusion protein consisting of full-length phyB and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was overexpressed in the phyB mutant of Arabidopsis to examine subcellular localization of phyB in intact tissues. The resulting transgenic lines exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes reported previously for phyB overexpressing plants, suggesting that the fusion protein is biologically active. Immunoblot analysis with anti-phyB and anti-GFP monoclonal antibodies confirmed that the fusion protein accumulated to high levels in these lines. Fluorescence microscopy of the seedlings revealed that the phyB-GFP fusion protein was localized to the nucleus in light grown tissues. Interestingly, the fusion protein formed speckles in the nucleus. Analysis of confocal optical sections confirmed that the speckles were distributed within the nucleus. In contrast, phyB-GFP fluorescence was observed throughout the cell in dark-grown seedlings. Therefore, phyB translocates to specific sites within the nucleus upon photoreceptor activation.
Studies on Applications of Lipolytic Enzymes in Detergency. III. (1985)

The removal of unitary and the mixed oily soils of triolein and its hydrolysates such as diolein, monoolein and oleic acid from cotton fabric were examined by changing the surfactant and pH of the washing solution. Using various lipases having different positional specificities of hydrolysis, triolein soiled fabrics were washed by a surfactant solution containing lipase.By a nonionic surfactant, monoalkyl deca (oxyethylene) ether (APE), unitary and the mixed soils of triolein and its hydrolysates could all be removed to nearly the same extent regardless of the kind of glyceride. By an anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), diolein and monoolein were removed in preference to triolein. In alkaline solution, oleic acid could be removed most easily by formation of oleic acid soap, which promoted the removal of other glycerides present.In the removal of triolein by SDS containing lipase at pH 7.0, lipases with positional specificity and which accumulated di- and monoglycerides in the reaction mixture were more effective than those without positional specificity producing considerable amounts of free fatty acid. In the removal of triolein by APE containing lipase, no significant difference in the extent of removal depending on the particular kind of lipase could be observed. These results agree well with those for the removal of triolein and its hydrolysates by a surfactant solution.
Cutaneous angiosarcomas with a starry-sky pattern. (1997)

We present a distinctive starry-sky histologic pattern in epithelioid angiosarcomas. Knowledge of this pattern may be important in the early diagnosis of this rapidly fatal neoplasm.