gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Undeniable billing in mobile communication (1998)

In the current mobile communication networks, users have to trtistnetwork operators to make correct. charges over the cds they made. There islack of evidence to resolve possible disputti+ over thenurnberofcdls and the duration of each cd. Such a concern may grow when users roam among different network operators. This paper proposes an efficient solution to undeniable b]~ng when a mobile user roams into foreign networks. This is achieved by the combination of digitd signature and hash-chaining techniques. Mobile users need to submit a digitd signature when requesting a cd and release chained h~<h vahtes during the session so that the cd and its duration are undeniable. Our mechanism is tight-weighted regarding the storage requirement and comput ation overhead~on a mobile user, and is apphcable for mobile phone users equipped with a smart card.
Microfluidics separation reveals the stem-cell–like deformability of tumor-initiating cells (2012)

Here we report a microfluidics method to enrich physically deformable cells by mechanical manipulation through artificial microbarriers. Driven by hydrodynamic forces, flexible cells or cells with high metastatic propensity change shape to pass through the microbarriers and exit the separation device, whereas stiff cells remain trapped. We demonstrate the separation of (i) a mixture of two breast cancer cell types (MDA-MB-436 and MCF-7) with distinct deformabilities and metastatic potentials, and (ii) a heterogeneous breast cancer cell line (SUM149), into enriched flexible and stiff subpopulations. We show that the flexible phenotype is associated with overexpression of multiple genes involved in cancer cell motility and metastasis, and greater mammosphere formation efficiency. Our observations support the relationship between tumor-initiating capacity and cell deformability, and demonstrate that tumor-initiating cells are less differentiated in terms of cell biomechanics.
A novel omega3-fatty acid desaturase involved in the biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (2004)

Long-chain n-3 PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid; 20:5 n-3) have important therapeutic and nutritional benefits in humans. In plants, cyanobacteria and nematodes, omega3-desaturases catalyse the formation of these n-3 fatty acids from n-6 fatty acid precursors. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a gene ( sdd17 ) derived from an EPA-rich fungus, Saprolegnia diclina, that encodes a novel omega3-desaturase. This gene was isolated by PCR amplification of an S. diclina cDNA library using oligonucleotide primers corresponding to conserved regions of known omega3-desaturases. Expression of this gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in the presence of various fatty acid substrates, revealed that the recombinant protein could exclusively desaturate 20-carbon n-6 fatty acid substrates with a distinct preference for ARA (arachidonic acid; 20:4 n-6), converting it into EPA. This activity differs from that of the known omega3-desaturases from any organism. Plant and cyanobacterial omega3-desaturases exclusively desaturate 18-carbon n-6 PUFAs, and a Caenorhabditis elegans omega3-desaturase preferentially desaturated 18-carbon PUFAs over 20-carbon substrates, and could not convert ARA into EPA when expressed in yeast. The sdd17 -encoded desaturase was also functional in transgenic somatic soya bean embryos, resulting in the production of EPA from exogenously supplied ARA, thus demonstrating its potential for use in the production of EPA in transgenic oilseed crops.
Cell Membrane Resealing by a Vesicular Mechanism Similar to Neurotransmitter Release (1994)

After injury to the cell membrane, rapid resealing of the membrane occurs with little loss of intracellular contents. This process has been studied by measurement of the rate of dye loss after membrane puncture in both the sea urchin embryo and 3T3 fibroblasts. Resealing of disrupted cell membranes requires external calcium that can be antagonized by magnesium. Block of multifunctional calcium/calmodulin kinase, which regulates exocytotic vesicle availability at synapses, and of kinesin, which is required for outward-directed transport of vesicles, inhibited membrane resealing. Resealing was also inhibited by botulinum neurotoxins B and A, suggesting that the two synaptosomal-associated proteins synaptobrevin and SNAP-25 also participate in resealing. This pattern of inhibition indicates that the calcium-dependent mechanisms for cell membrane resealing may involve vesicle delivery, docking, and fusion, similar to the exocytosis of neurotransmitters.
Devising Effective Novelty Search Algorithms (2015)

Novelty search is a state-of-the-art evolutionary approach that promotes behavioural novelty instead of pursuing a static objective. Along with a large number of successful applications, many different variants of novelty search have been proposed. It is still unclear, however, how some key parameters and algorithmic components influence the evolutionary dynamics and performance of novelty search. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive empirical study focused on novelty search's algorithmic components. We study the "k" parameter -- the number of nearest neighbours used in the computation of novelty scores; the use and function of an archive; how to combine novelty search with fitness-based evolution; and how to configure the mutation rate of the underlying evolutionary algorithm. Our study is conducted in a simulated maze navigation task. Our results show that the configuration of novelty search can have a significant impact on performance and behaviour space exploration. We conclude with a number of guidelines for the implementation and configuration of novelty search, which should help future practitioners to apply novelty search more effectively.
Estimating the value of group medical practices: a primer. (1993)

Estimating the value of a group medical practice can be a difficult task for a healthcare financial manager. There are three generally accepted approaches to estimating value, however, that a financial manager can take: the income approach, the cost approach, and the market approach. Whichever approach or combination of approaches is chosen, a financial manager must thoroughly understand the subjective nature of value and how it relates to the objective task of performing such an estimation.
The purification of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 from its 72 kDa progelatinase complex. Demonstration of the biochemical similarities of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (1991)

Human gingival fibroblasts in culture were shown to secrete a 72 kDa progelatinase, of which a proportion in the medium was found to be complexed with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2). A purification procedure was devised to purify free enzyme and inhibitor. We also describe the purification of both 95 kDa progelatinase bound to TIMP-1 and free 95 kDa progelatinase from the medium of U937 cells. A polyclonal antiserum to TIMP-2 was prepared and it was shown that TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 are antigenically distinct. The ability to form stable complexes and the relative inhibitory activities of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 towards 95 kDa and 72 kDa gelatinases, collagenase, stromelysins 1 and 2 and punctuated metalloproteinase were determined; only minor differences were found. Complex-formation between TIMP-2 and 72 kDa progelatinase was demonstrated not to reduce the metalloproteinase-inhibitory activity of TIMP-2, a finding that led to the characterization of high-molecular-mass TIMP activity. Competition experiments between progelatinases and active gelatinases for TIMPs indicated that the affinity of TIMPs for progelatinases is weaker than that for active gelatinases. In a study of the effects of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 on progelatinase self-cleavage we found that both TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 inhibit the conversion of 95 kDa and 72 kDa progelatinases and prostromelysin into lower-molecular-mass forms. TIMP capable of complexing with progelatinase was shown to be no more efficient an inhibitor of gelatinase self-cleavage than TIMP not able to complex with progelatinase.
Development of auditory‐specific brain rhythm in infants (2011)

Human infants rapidly develop their auditory perceptual abilities and acquire culture-specific knowledge in speech and music in the second 6 months of life. In the adult brain, neural rhythm around 10 Hz in the temporal lobes is thought to reflect sound analysis and subsequent cognitive processes such as memory and attention. To study when and how such rhythm emerges in infancy, we examined electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings in infants 4 and 12 months of age during sound stimulation and silence. In the 4-month-olds, the amplitudes of narrowly tuned 4-Hz brain rhythm, recorded from bilateral temporal electrodes, were modulated by sound stimuli. In the 12-month-olds, the sound-induced modulation occurred at faster 6-Hz rhythm at temporofrontal locations. The brain rhythms in the older infants consisted of more complex components, as even evident in individual data. These findings suggest that auditory-specific rhythmic neural activity, which is already established before 6 months of age, involves more speed-efficient long-range neural networks by the age of 12 months when long-term memory for native phoneme representation and for musical rhythmic features is formed. We suggest that maturation of distinct rhythmic components occurs in parallel, and that sensory-specific functions bound to particular thalamo-cortical networks are transferred to newly developed higher-order networks step by step until adult hierarchical neural oscillatory mechanisms are achieved across the whole brain.
Phospholipase Cζ causes Ca2+ oscillations and parthenogenetic activation of human oocytes (2004)

At fertilization in mammals the sperm activates development of the oocyte by inducing a prolonged series of oscillations in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration. One theory of signal transduction at fertilization suggests that the sperm cause the Ca2+ oscillations by introducing a protein factor into the oocyte after gamete membrane fusion. We recently identified this sperm-specific protein as phospholipase Czeta (PLCzeta), and we showed that PLCzeta triggers Ca2+ oscillations in unfertilized mouse oocytes. Here we report that microinjection of the complementary RNA for human PLCzeta causes prolonged Ca2+ oscillations in aged human oocytes that had failed to fertilize during in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The frequency of Ca2+ oscillations was related to the concentration of complementary RNA injected. At low concentrations, PLCzeta stimulated parthenogenetic activation of oocytes. These embryos underwent cleavage divisions and some formed blastocysts. These data show that PLCzeta is a novel parthenogenetic stimulus for human oocytes and that it is unique in its ability to mimic the repetitive nature of the Ca2+ stimulus provided by the sperm during human fertilization.
Targeting the local tumor microenvironment with vaccinia virus expressing B7.1 for the treatment of melanoma (2005)

Immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma remains a major clinical challenge. The melanoma microenvironment may lead to local T cell tolerance in part through downregulation of costimulatory molecules, such as B7.1 (CD80). We report the results from the first clinical trial, to our knowledge, using a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing B7.1 (rV-B7.1) for monthly intralesional vaccination of accessible melanoma lesions. A standard 2-dose-escalation phase I clinical trial was conducted with 12 patients. The approach was well tolerated with only low-grade fever, myalgias, and fatigue reported and 2 patients experiencing vitiligo. An objective partial response was observed in 1 patient and disease stabilization in 2 patients, 1 of whom is alive without disease 59 months following vaccination. All patients demonstrated an increase in postvaccination antibody and T cell responses against vaccinia virus. Systemic immunity was tested in HLA-A*0201 patients who demonstrated an increased frequency of gp100 and T cells specific to melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1), also known as Melan-A, by ELISPOT assay following local rV-B7.1 vaccination. Local immunity was evaluated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, which suggested that tumor regression was associated with increased expression of CD8 and IFN-gamma. The local delivery of vaccinia virus expressing B7.1 was well tolerated and represents an innovative strategy for altering the local tumor microenvironment in patients with melanoma.
Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC): a promising thermodynamic cycle for low grade heat to power generation (2019)

Energy crisis, fossil fuel depletion and growing environmental concern pushing not only for new source of energy but also developing advance technology for power generation. Besides conventional heat sources, low grade heat source of below 100 °C temperature like solar thermal, geothermal or waste heat has a good potential to become a sustainable source of power. Organic Rankine Cycle is the widely use thermodynamic power cycle for low grade heat to power generation where low boiling point pressurised organic working fluid is vaporised and expands through a turbine fed generator thus outputting usable electrical energy. The used fluid then returns to a reservoir before it is condensed and forced through the same process again via a high-pressure pump. Another thermodynamic cycle namely Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC) which is nothing but a modified ORC where the organic working fluid is heated up to the saturation temperature under high pressure rather than evaporated. In this paper, an analytical comparative study on ORC and TFC shows that TFC has about at least 50% more power generation potential than that of conventional ORC for the same heat source and heat sink conditions if the heat source temperature is just below 100 °C. TFC even has the potential of power generation from the heat source below 80 °C where ORC is not economically viable.
The First Solution Stucture of a Single α-Helical Turn. A Pentapeptide α-Helix Stabilized by a Metal Clip (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe First Solution Stucture of a Single α-Helical Turn. A Pentapeptide α-Helix Stabilized by a Metal ClipMichael J. Kelso, Huy N. Hoang, Trevor G. Appleton, and David P. FairlieView Author Information Centre for Drug Design and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Department of Chemistry; University of Queensland Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 42, 10488–10489Publication Date (Web):October 10, 2000Publication History Received5 July 2000Published online10 October 2000Published inissue 1 October 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja002416ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja002416irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views550Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Chemical structure,Metals,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Age-Related Neoplasia in a Lifetime Study of Ad Libitum-Fed and Food-Restricted B6C3F1 Mice (1995)

Longevity, body weight, and age-specific neoplasia were determined in 1,064 B6C3F1 mice as part of a coordinated study of food restriction (FR). Restricted animals were offered 60% of the diet consumed by the ad libitum (AL) group. Longevity data were derived from a set of 56 animals of each sex from each diet group, which were examined whenever dead or moribund. For cross-sectional data, a parallel set of 210 animals were sacrificed in groups of 12-15 at 6-mo intervals. Lifetime body weight was reduced in the FR mice approximately proportional to restriction (i.e., 40%). Food restriction increased the age at 50% survival (median) by 36% in both sexes and increased the maximal lifespan (mean age of oldest 10%) by 21.5% in males and by 32.5% in females. In 56 males of the longevity groups, there were 89 neoplasms in the AL subgroup versus 53 in FR; 56 AL females had 100, versus 58 in 55 FR females. Increase in lifespan of the restricted animals was achieved primarily by decrease in incidence and delay of onset of fatal tumors, of which lymphoma was the most prominent. This report catalogs all of the neoplasms (1,103) observed in longevity and cross-sectional groups, by diet, sex, and age. These data add to the existing knowledge base needed for future studies of dietary restriction and aging as well to evaluate nutrition of animals used in bioassays.
Cytotoxic effect of ascorbate and its derivatives on cultured malignant and nonmalignant cell lines. (1993)

The effect of L-ascorbate and its derivatives on the growth of malignant and nonmalignant cell lines has been examined. L-Ascorbate and its oxidative product dehydroascorbate were cytotoxic or lethal to the fast-growing malignant cells, but they were less toxic to nonmalignant cells. Two isomers of ascorbate, D-ascorbate and D-isoascorbate, both with 5% of the antiscorbutic potency and very high turnover rate, had similar activities. The cytotoxic effect of ascorbate was apparently not related to the metabolic or vitamin activities of ascorbate at the cellular level. Furthermore, studies on the viability of treated cells indicated that the observed effect on cell growth was not cytostatic in nature but was the result of a direct cell-killing action of ascorbate. Several groups of ascorbate derivatives were also tested; many of them were toxic to these cells. The results support the hypothesis that the cytotoxic activity of ascorbate was due to its chemical properties and that certain oxidation and degradation products of ascorbate were cytotoxic agents.
A Viral Mechanism for Inhibition of the Cellular Phosphatase Calcineurin (1998)

The transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) controls the expression of many immunomodulatory proteins. African swine fever virus inhibits proinflammatory cytokine expression in infected macrophages, and a viral protein A238L was found to display the activity of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A by inhibiting NFAT-regulated gene transcription in vivo. This it does by binding the catalytic subunit of calcineurin and inhibiting calcineurin phosphatase activity.
Ordering nanometer-scale magnets using bacterial thread templates (1998)

Nanometer-scale ferromagnetic particles (Fe2O3, Fe3O4) are dispersed within a mutant bacterial chain which is drawn into a macroscopic fiber “rope.” Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy images reveal that the iron oxide particles are intercalated between the walls of the bacterial cells which are bundled into parallel threads. The field-dependent switching is seen to markedly sharpen when the synthesis is conducted within an applied magnetic field.
Video Object Segmentation with Joint Re-identification and Attention-Aware Mask Propagation (2018)

The problem of video object segmentation can become extremely challenging when multiple instances co-exist. While each instance may exhibit large scale and pose variations, the problem is compounded when instances occlude each other causing failures in tracking. In this study, we formulate a deep recurrent network that is capable of segmenting and tracking objects in video simultaneously by their temporal continuity, yet able to re-identify them when they re-appear after a prolonged occlusion. We combine both temporal propagation and re-identification functionalities into a single framework that can be trained end-to-end. In particular, we present a re-identification module with template expansion to retrieve missing objects despite their large appearance changes. In addition, we contribute a new attention-based recurrent mask propagation approach that is robust to distractors not belonging to the target segment. Our approach achieves a new state-of-the-art global mean (Region Jaccard and Boundary F measure) of 68.2 on the challenging DAVIS 2017 benchmark (test-dev set), outperforming the winning solution which achieves a global mean of 66.1 on the same partition.
Janus Silica Hollow Spheres Prepared via Interfacial Biosilicification (2015)

A poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lysine)-b-poly(styrene) (PEG-PLL-PS) triblock copolymer, which contains a cationic PLL block as the middle block, is synthesized via a combination of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The PEG-PLL-PS (ELS) triblock is employed as a macromolecular surfactant to form a stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, which is subsequently used as the template to prepare Janus silica hollow spheres (JHS) via a one-pot biosilicification reaction. For the emulsion template, the middle PLL block assembles at the O/W interface and directs the biomimetic silica synthesis in the presence of phosphate buffer and silicic acid precursors. This biosilicification process takes place only in the intermediate layer between water and the organic interior phase, leading to the formation of silica JHSs with hydrophobic PS chains tethered to the inner surface and PEG attached to the outer surface. The three-layer JHSs, namely, PEG/silica-polylysine/PS composites, were verified by electron microscopy. Upon further breaking these JHSs into species, polymer-grafted Janus silica nanoplates (JPLs) can be obtained. Our studies provide an efficient one-step method for preparing hybrid silica Janus structures within minutes.
Tunable grating-coupled laser oscillation and spectral hole burning in an InAs quantum-dot laser diode (2000)

Emission spectra are investigated of a low-threshold InAs quantum-dot laser of the "dots-in-a-well" (DWELL) type operating near 1230 nm. An external dispersion cavity with a diffraction grating is coupled to the laser diode to suppress the subsidiary modes and to tune the central wavelength. A wavelength-dependent competition between the grating-coupled mode and the internal Fabry-Perot modes of the laser suggests that a hole burning in the spectral density of a DWELL laser occurs with a characteristic spectral half width of /spl sim/13 nm (10.5 meV). Simple models of spectral "flattening" and spectral hole burning are presented to explain the broad free-running and grating-coupled lasing spectra of the DWELL device.