gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Informed source separation of underdetermined instantaneous stereo mixtures using source index embedding (2010)

In this paper, we address the issue of underdetermined source separation of non-stationary audio sources from a stereo (i.e. 2-channel) linear instantaneous mixture. This problem is addressed with a specific coder-decoder configuration. At the coder, source signals are assumed to be available before the mixing is processed. A time-frequency (TF) analysis of each source enables to select the one or two predominant sources (among I>2) in each TF region, and a corresponding source(s) index code is imperceptibly embedded into the mix signals using a watermarking technique. At the decoder level, where the original sources signals are unknown, the extraction of the watermark enables to locally reduce the underdetermined configuration to an (over)determined configuration. Sources signals can then be estimated using a classical (over)determined separation technique. Thereby several instruments or voice signals can be separated from stereo mixtures, enabling separate manipulation of the source signals during restitution (i.e. remastering).
Information technologies for vaccine research (2005)

Vaccinology is a combinatorial science which studies the diversity of pathogens and the human immune system, and formulations that can modulate immune responses and prevent or cure disease. Huge amounts of data are produced by genomics and proteomics projects and large-scale screening of pathogen-host and antigen-host interactions. Current developments in computational vaccinology mainly support the analysis of antigen processing and presentation and the characterization of targets of immune response. Future development will also include systemic models of vaccine responses. Immunomics, the large-scale screening of immune processes which includes powerful immunoinformatic tools, offers great promise for future translation of basic immunology research advances into successful vaccines.
Leukocytes and Ischemia-Induced Myocardial Injury (1986)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Complexity of Vaginal Microflora as Analyzed by PCR DenaturingGradient Gel Electrophoresis in a Patient With Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis (2005)

Objective: Gardnerella vaginalis has long been the most common pathogen associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). We aimed to test our hypothesis that symptoms and signs of BV do not necessarily indicate colonization by this organism, and often will not respond to standard metronidazole or clindamycin treatment. Methods: Using a relatively new molecular tool, PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), the vaginal microflora of a woman with recalcitrant signs and symptoms of BV was investigated over a 6‐week timeframe. Results: The vagina was colonized by pathogenic enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci and Candida albicans . The detection of the yeast by PCR‐DGGE is particularly novel and enhances the ability of this tool to examine the true nature of the vaginal microflora. The patient had not responded to antifungal treatment, antibiotic therapy targeted at anaerobic Gram‐negative pathogens such as Gardnerella , nor daily oral probiotic intake of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The failure to find the GG strain in the vagina indicated it did not reach the site, and the low counts of lactobacilli demonstrated that therapy with this probiotic did not appear to influence the vaginal flora. Conclusions: BV is not well understood in terms of its causative organisms, and further studies appear warranted using non‐culture, molecular methods. Only when the identities of infecting organisms are confirmed can effective therapy be devized. Such therapy may include the use of probiotic lactobacilli, but only using strains which confer a benefit on the vagina of pre‐ and postmenopausal women.
Granulocyte‐monocyte progenitor cells from human peripheral blood: Modulation of growth in vitro by T lymphocytes and monocytes (1988)

Cell fractionation techniques have been used for the purification and characterization of hematopoietic cells present in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Following fractionation, the distribution of hematopoietic cells is frequently determined by the granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming unit (CFU-gm) assay. In this study, we questioned whether the purification process itself altered the sensitivity of the CFU-gm assay through changes in the accessory cell populations. Experiments showed that following T cell depletion, the cloning efficiency of CFU-gm was suboptimal, since the addition of autologous T lymphocytes was stimulatory, even when the concentration of conditioned medium was optimal. In contrast, growth of CFU-gm was inhibited by monocytes, both in the presence and absence of T cells. Sensitivity to monocyte-derived inhibition occurred at significantly lower monocyte concentrations when T cells were present. Thus, stem cell purification techniques which deplete T lymphocytes or enrich monocytes have an adverse effect on the cloning efficiency of peripheral blood CFU-gm. This study presents culture techniques capable of circumventing these problems.
Heat Shock Proteins and Their Use as Anticancer Vaccines (2004)

Despite the improvement in the outcome of anticancer therapy achieved during the last few years, several metastatic tumors remain resistant to therapy. This is particularly true for metastatic melanoma, renal and lung carcinoma, and, although to a lesser extent, for colorectal carcinoma. For these
An adaptive Logluv transform for High Dynamic Range video compression (2010)

High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging represents a wide range of intensity levels found in real scenes ranging from direct sunlight to shadows. However, raw HDR sequences require very huge memory space for storage. In this work, we present an approach of how an existing encoder can be used for encoding HDR video sequence with our proposed adaptive LogLuv transform. The proposed method shows considerable improvement when compared with non-adaptive LogLuv transform.
Über N‐substituierte Oxindole und Isatine (1930)

zu den entapreahenden Oxindolen.So wurden am Chloracetanilid Osindol selbst, %us Chloracet-o-toluidid uud Chloracet-p-tduidid Methyl-7-oxindol und Metbyl.5-oxindolgewonnen, wobei allerdings sorgfiiltig getrocknete Ausganngsstoffe verwmdt und die Temperaturgrenzen genau innegehalten
Solubilization of hyaluronic acid synthetic activity from streptococci and its activation with phospholipids. (1986)

To date all hyaluronic acid synthetic systems have been of a particulate nature, and attempts at solubilization have been unsuccessful. This has hampered attempts to elucidate the mechanism by which hyaluronic acid is produced. In this paper we demonstrate that the hyaluronic acid synthetic activity from group C streptococcal membranes was solubilized using 2% digitonin and that the activity was optimized by reconstitution with cardiolipin at an optimum phospholipid/protein ratio (microgram/microgram) of 5:1. Furthermore, chromatography of the solubilized synthetase demonstrated that it eluted after the void volume of a Sepharose CL-6B column. CHAPSO, octyl glucopyranoside, sodium cholate, Triton X-100, and zwittergent 314 either inhibited or failed to solubilize the synthetic activity. Phospholipids other than cardiolipin also reconstituted the activity from the digitonin extract, particularly phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. In our system, the specific activity of hyaluronic acid synthetase was increased up to 63 times that of the system of the intact membrane. Furthermore, the total activity of the reconstituted system was 4.9 times greater than that of intact membranes. The soluble enzyme system showed similarities to the membrane-bound synthetase in the kinetics of production of trichloroacetic acid-soluble and -insoluble hyaluronic acid, and the hyaluronic acid produced was of comparable molecular weight.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Lustrin A, a Matrix Protein from Shell and Pearl Nacre of Haliotis rufescens (1997)

A specialized extracellular matrix of proteins and polysaccharides controls the morphology and packing of calcium carbonate crystals and becomes occluded within the mineralized composite during formation of the molluscan shell and pearl. We have cloned and characterized the cDNA coding for Lustrin A, a newly described matrix protein from the nacreous layer of the shell and pearl produced by the abalone, Haliotis rufescens, a marine gastropod mollusc. The full-length cDNA is 4,439 base pairs (bp) long and contains an open reading frame coding for 1,428 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence reveals a highly modular structure with a high proportion of Ser (16%), Pro (14%), Gly (13%), and Cys (9%). The protein contains ten highly conserved cysteine-rich domains interspersed by eight proline-rich domains; a glycine- and serine-rich domain lies between the two cysteine-rich domains nearest the C terminus, and these are followed by a basic domain and a C-terminal domain that is highly similar to known protease inhibitors. The glycine- and serine-rich domain and at least one of the proline-rich domains show sequence similarity to proteins of two extracellular matrix superfamilies (one of which also is involved in the mineralized matrixes of bone, dentin, and avian eggshell). The arrangement of alternating cysteine-rich domains and proline-rich domains is strikingly similar to that found in frustulins, the proteins that are integral to the silicified cell wall of diatoms. Its modular structure suggests that Lustrin A is a multifunctional protein, whereas the occurrence of related sequences suggest it is a member of a multiprotein family.
Postural Stability of Biped Robots and the Foot-Rotation Indicator (FRI) Point (1999)

The focus of this paper is the problem of foot rotation in biped robots during the single-support phase. Foot rotation is an indication of postural instability, which should be carefully treated in a dynamically stable walk and avoided altogether in a statically stable walk. We introduce the foot-rotation indicator (FRI) point, which is a point on the foot/ground-contact surface where the net ground-reaction force would have to act to keep the foot stationary. To ensure no foot rotation, the FRI point must remain within the convex hull of the foot-support area. In contrast with the ground projection of the center of mass (GCoM), which is a static criterion, the FRI point incorporates robot dynamics. As opposed to the center of pressure (CoP)—better known as the zero-moment point (ZMP) in the robotics literature—which may not leave the support area, the FRI point may leave the area. In fact, the position of the FRI point outside the footprint indicates the direction of the impending rotation and the magnitude of rotational moment acting on the foot. Owing to these important properties, the FRI point helps not only to monitor the state of postural stability of a biped robot during the entire gait cycle, but indicates the severity of instability of the gait as well. In response to a recent need, the paper also resolves the misconceptions surrounding the CoP/ZMP equivalence.
High-Efficiency Gene Transfer Into Ex Vivo Expanded Human Hematopoietic Progenitors and Precursor Cells by Adenovirus Vectors (1998)

Replication-deficient adenoviral vectors (AdVec), which infect cycling and noncycling cells with high efficiency, low toxicity, and ease of delivery, provide ideal vehicles to study the expression of regulatory genes controlling different stages of hematopoiesis. To examine the infection efficiency of AdVec in hematopoietic precursor and progenitor cells, we used a replication-deficient adenovector expressing the humanized form of the cDNA for green fluorescent protein (AdGFP), permitting assessment of infection efficiency and kinetics of transgene expression in viable hematopoietic cells using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Flow-cytometric analysis of ex vivo expanded hematopoietic precursor cells infected with a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100 of AdGFP show that 78% of megakaryocytic (CD41a+ and CD42b+) cells, 82% of dendritic (CD1a+) cells, 41% of RBC precursors (glycophorin A+), and 32% of monocytic (CD14(+)) cells expressed GFP. Nineteen percent +/- 1% of freshly isolated CD34(+) cells from peripheral blood leukapheresis products infected under the same conditions expressed GFP. Morphologic evaluation of ex vivo expanded, AdGFP-infected CD34(+) cells showed normal maturation. The functional capacity of AdGFP-infected CD34(+) cells was analyzed by quantifying clonogeneic efficiency and proliferative capacity. Infection of CD34(+) progenitor cells with MOIs of 1 to 100 did not impair clonogeneic efficiency of CD34(+ )cells. However, MOI greater than 100 resulted in a significant inhibition of colony-forming unit-granulocyte/granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-G/GM) formation. In sequential dilution expansion over 3 weeks (Delta assay), the cytokine-driven proliferative potential of CD34(+) cells was not impaired following exposure to AdGFP at MOIs of 1 to 1,000. The GFP+ population expanded 10- to 15-fold at high MOIs (500 to 1,000), indicating multiple copies of the transgene in the initially infected CD34(+) cells, which were expressed in subsequent progenies. These data show that AdVec deliver transgenes with high efficiency and low toxicity to hematopoietic progenitor and precursor cells. Introduction of marker genes such as GFP into hematopoietic cells by AdVec will provide a valuable system for study of development, homing, and trafficking of hematopoietic precursor and progenitor cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, these results provide insights into the design of gene therapy strategies for treatment of hematologic disorders by AdVec.
Power-spectrum shaping of halftone patterns and its effect on visual appearance (1992)

The authors present a binary-pattern power-spectrum-matching algorithm (BIPPSMA) for power spectrum shaping of halftone patterns. This algorithm preserves the first-order statistics of a binary pattern, while manipulating different features of its power spectrum. Binary patterns created with BIPPSMA are presented to human observers during a psychovisual test, in order to measure the response of the human visual system to power-spectrum variations of binary patterns. The characteristics of the power spectrum that are varied in BIPPSMA are the principal frequency location and the energy at the principal frequency peak. Patterns generated with this algorithm and the results of the psychovisual test are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children aged under 15 years in the British Isles during 1988. (1991)

Insulin dependent diabetes in the British Isles does not seem to occur uniformly over time or geographical area. Even allowing for differences in ascertainment between the 1973-4 and 1988 studies, there seems to have been an increase in the incidence rate of insulin dependent diabetes in children under the age of 15 years during the 15 year time period. If diabetes is becoming more common in this age group, possibly by developing earlier in susceptible children, this would be a matter of considerable public health concern.
Alternans of the ST segment in Prinzmetal's angina. (1977)

Alternans of the elevated ST segment (STEA) was found in 8 of 21 patients (38%) with Prinzmetal's variant angina. In addition to STEA, all eight patients had varying cardiac arrhythmias: multiple premature ventricular depolarizations in eight, ventricular tachycardia in five, and ventricular fibrillation in three. There was no consistent temporal relationship between the occurrence of STEA and the cardiac arrhythmias. Alternans occurred during periods when no arrhythmias were present. All eight patients underwent coronary angiography. Spontaneous coronary artery spasm was documented angiographically in three patients including two who had minimal or no coronary atherosclerotic disease. Six patients had severe, fixed, occlusive coronary artery disease. Possible mechanisms for STEA include: 1) failure of regions of myocardium to depolarize on alternate beats due to variation in conduction and refractoriness between ischemic and nonischemic zones of myocardium, and 2) electrical alternans of the transmembrane action potential during phase 2 and 3 (repolarization) caused by changes in the rate and extent of electrolyte transfer across cell membranes during ischemia. It is postulated that STEA is an electrocardiographic sign in the surface ECG of a dysequilibrium of refractory periods during ischemia and reflects an unstable electrical state of the myocardium.
Blocking Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Recombinant Form of Envelope Protein 2 Ectodomain (2009)

More than 120 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), making HCV infection the leading cause of liver transplantation in developed countries. Treatment is limited, and efficacy depends upon the infecting strain and the initial viral load. The HCV envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2) are involved in receptor binding, virus-cell fusion, and entry into the host cell. HCV infection proceeds by endosomal acidification, suggesting that fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes is a pH-triggered event. E2 consists of an amino-terminal ectodomain, an amphipathic helix that forms a stem region, and a carboxy-terminal membrane-associating segment. We have devised a novel expression system for the production of a secreted form of E2 ectodomain (eE2) from mammalian cells and performed a comprehensive biochemical and biophysical characterization. eE2 is properly folded, as determined by binding to human CD81, blocking of infection of cell culture-derived HCV, and recognition by antibodies from patients chronically infected with different genotypes of HCV. The glycosylation pattern, number of disulfide bonds, oligomerization state, and secondary structure of eE2 have been characterized using mass spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism, and analytical ultracentrifugation. These results advance the understanding of E2 and may assist in the design of an HCV vaccine and entry inhibitor.
Novel Spiropiperidines as Highly Potent and Subtype Selective σ-Receptor Ligands. Part 1 (2001)

A series of spiro[[2]benzopyran-1,4'-piperidines] and spiro[[2]benzofuran-1,4'-piperidines] of general structure 10 is prepared, and the affinity for sigma(1)- and sigma(2)-receptors is investigated by means of radioligand binding assays. The synthesis of the spiropiperidines 14a and 23 proceeds from bromine/lithium exchange of the bromoacetals 11 and 21, addition to piperidin-4-one 12a, and subsequent cyclization. Systematic variations of the substituent R at the nitrogen atom, the group X in position 3, and the ring size of the oxygen heterocycle are performed. The sigma(1)- and sigma(2)-receptor affinities are determined with guinea pig brain and rat liver membrane preparations using [(3)H]-labeled (+)-pentazocine and ditolylguanidine, respectively. Test results show that a benzyl residue at the piperidine nitrogen atom and a methoxy group in position 3 are advantageous for high sigma(1)-receptor affinity. In this series the 1'-benzyl-3-methoxy-3,4-dihydrospiro[[2]benzopyran-1,4'-piperidine] (14a) and the 1'-benzyl-3-methoxy-3H-spiro[[2]benzofuran-1,4'-piperidine] (23) are among the most potent sigma(1)-ligands interacting in the low nanomolar range with sigma(1)-receptors (14a, K(i) = 1.29 nM; 23, K(i) = 1.14 nM). Variation of the nitrogen substituent R from benzyl to H, alkyl, phenyl, or omega-phenylalkyl and the group X from methoxy to hydroxy, carbonyl, or alkyloxy led to reduced sigma(1)-receptor affinity. In addition to their high sigma(1)-receptor affinity, the spiropiperidines 14a and 23 display excellent selectivity toward sigma(2)-receptors (sigma(1)/sigma(2) = 2708 and 1130) and several other receptor and reuptake systems. Introduction of a polar hydroxy group in position 3 and elongation of the distance between the piperidine nitrogen atom and the phenyl moiety result in ligands with considerable sigma(2)-receptor affinity and therefore diminished sigma(1)/sigma(2)-receptor selectivity. The hemiacetalic 1'-(3-phenylpropyl)-3,4-dihydrospiro[[2]benzopyran-1,4'-piperidin]-3-ol (15e) represents the most active sigma(2)-receptor ligand in this series with a K(i) value of 83.1 nM.
Hairpin-bisulfite PCR: Assessing epigenetic methylation patterns on complementary strands of individual DNA molecules (2003)

Epigenetic inheritance, the transmission of gene expression states from parent to daughter cells, often involves methylation of DNA. In eukaryotes, cytosine methylation is a frequent component of epigenetic mechanisms. Failure to transmit faithfully a methylated or an unmethylated state of cytosine can lead to altered phenotypes in plants and animals. A central unresolved question in epigenetics concerns the mechanisms by which a locus maintains, or changes, its state of cytosine methylation. We developed "hairpin-bisulfite PCR" to analyze these mechanisms. This method reveals the extent of methylation symmetry between the complementary strands of individual DNA molecules. Using hairpin-bisulfite PCR, we determined the fidelity of methylation transmission in the CpG island of the FMR1 gene in human lymphocytes. For the hypermethylated CpG island of this gene, characteristic of inactive-X alleles, we estimate a maintenance methylation efficiency of approximately 0.96 per site per cell division. For de novo methylation efficiency (E(d)), remarkably different estimates were obtained for the hypermethylated CpG island (E(d) = 0.17), compared with the hypomethylated island on the active-X chromosome (E(d) < 0.01). These results clarify the mechanisms by which the alternative hypomethylated and hypermethylated states of CpG islands are stably maintained through many cell divisions. We also analyzed a region of human L1 transposable elements. These L1 data provide accurate methylation patterns for the complementary strand of each repeat sequence analyzed. Hairpin-bisulfite PCR will be a powerful tool in studying other processes for which genetic or epigenetic information differs on the two complementary strands of DNA.