gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAtom Transfer Radical PolymerizationKrzysztof Matyjaszewski and Jianhui XiaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 9, 2921–2990Publication Date (Web):September 12, 2001Publication History Received15 February 2001Published online12 September 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr940534ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr940534gresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62803Altmetric-Citations6994LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Monomers,Organic compounds,Polymerization,Radical polymerization Get e-Alerts
Broken Orientalism: Using literary texts for intercultural training (2006)

This study starts from the assumption that intercultural training with literary texts should have a clearly defined position in foreign language teaching and learning, and that this could facilitate the deconstruction of orientalist perspectives in contemporary political and media discourse. However, the marginalisation of intercultural objectives, methodology and methods in curricula, teacher training and course books that themselves reveal orientalist features demonstrate a long-lasting practical negligence in an area that has been at the forefront of foreign language research in the last two decades. In the short and medium term, this enormous gap between theory and practice could partially be addressed by replacing inadequate sections in course books with literary work, using texts such as The Persian Dinner that have been successfully brought into a foreign language environment at Higher Education level in Cambridge. However, intercultural training in other subject areas than foreign languages will have to support this temporary solution until substantially revised curricula and teacher training programmes start guiding authors and publishers to develop more adequate teaching and learning material.
Uniaxial Alignment of the Smallest Diamagnetic Susceptibility Axis Using Time-Dependent Magnetic Fields (2004)

A diamagnetic particle with magnetic susceptibilities chi3 < chi2 = chi1 < 0 was subjected to a rotating magnetic field to obtain an alignment of the chi3 axis (the smallest susceptibility axis) in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the rotating magnetic field. A polymer short fiber, whose fiber axis coincides with the chi3 axis, was suspended in a fluid with the same density, and then a rotating magnetic field generated by a rotation of a pair of permanent magnets was applied. The fiber axis, rotating following the applied field, finally ended up with an alignment perpendicular to the plane of the rotating magnetic field. The experimental data on the time course of the alignment was in good agreement with the numerical calculation based on the equation of rotation.
Single-agent paclitaxel and paclitaxel plus ifosfamide in the treatment of head and neck cancer. (1995)

Paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) and ifosfamide both have activity when evaluated as single agents in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group completed the first phase II trial of paclitaxel in this population, observing a 40% response rate. Confirmatory trials are in progress in the United States and Europe. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group is currently evaluating high-dose (200 mg/m2) and low-dose (135 mg/m2) paclitaxel in combination with cisplatin to assess dose-response effects, toxicity, and efficacy. In an effort to identify an alternate to the cisplatin/5-fluorouracil regimen, investigators at Johns Hopkins and the University of Michigan are evaluating the combination of paclitaxel/ifosfamide. The regimen is paclitaxel 170 mg/m2 followed by ifosfamide 5 g/m2 divided over 3 days with mesna. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is started 24 hours after completion of the ifosfamide infusion. To date, 13 patients with recurrent and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck have been enrolled in the study. Eight patients have had prior chemotherapy as part of initial curative treatment or for recurrent disease. The best response observed in II evaluable patients is five partial responses, five stable diseases, and one disease progression. On progression, patients who have not been treated with cisplatin/5-fluorouracil receive that combination as second-line therapy. The occurrence of severe, life-threatening toxicity, primarily myelosuppression, has caused this study to be terminated. However, the responses observed have prompted an evaluation of the reverse sequence (ifosfamide followed by paclitaxel), which is now accruing patients.
Analysis of a discrete-time single-server queue with bursty inputs for traffic control in ATM networks (1990)

The performance of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network subject to admission control and traffic smoothing is analyzed. Basically, an ATM switch is modeled as a discrete-time single-server queuing system in which a new call joins existing calls. Cell arrivals from a new call are assumed to follow a general distribution. It is also assumed that aggregated arrivals of cells from existing calls form batch arrivals with a general batch size distribution and a geometric distribution of the interarrival times between batches. Both finite- and infinite-buffer cases are considered. An exact analysis yields the waiting time distribution and cell loss probability for a new call and for existing calls. Numerical examples are given to show how the network performance depends on the statistics of a new call (burstiness, time that a call stays in an active or inactive state, etc.) and to demonstrate the effectiveness of admission control and traffic smoothing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Assessing Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Solid Tumors: A Practical Review for Pathologists and Proposal for a Standardized Method From the International Immunooncology Biomarkers Working Group: Part 1: Assessing the Host Immune Response, TILs in Invasive Breast Carcinoma and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Metastatic Tumor Deposits and Areas for Further Research (2017)

Assessment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in histopathologic specimens can provide important prognostic information in diverse solid tumor types, and may also be of value in predicting response to treatments. However, implementation as a routine clinical biomarker has not yet been achieved. As successful use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and other forms of immunotherapy become a clinical reality, the need for widely applicable, accessible, and reliable immunooncology biomarkers is clear. In part 1 of this review we briefly discuss the host immune response to tumors and different approaches to TIL assessment. We propose a standardized methodology to assess TILs in solid tumors on hematoxylin and eosin sections, in both primary and metastatic settings, based on the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group guidelines for TIL assessment in invasive breast carcinoma. A review of the literature regarding the value of TIL assessment in different solid tumor types follows in part 2. The method we propose is reproducible, affordable, easily applied, and has demonstrated prognostic and predictive significance in invasive breast carcinoma. This standardized methodology may be used as a reference against which other methods are compared, and should be evaluated for clinical validity and utility. Standardization of TIL assessment will help to improve consistency and reproducibility in this field, enrich both the quality and quantity of comparable evidence, and help to thoroughly evaluate the utility of TILs assessment in this era of immunotherapy.
Impact of IL-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (2004)

This study indicates that IL-1RA could be a candidate gene for susceptibility to schizophrenia.
Identification of a functional role for human erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins beta and gamma (1987)

Four distinct erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoproteins (SGPs) denoted alpha, beta, gamma, and delta have been described, but their functions have not yet been defined. Recent evidence suggests that several of these SGPs associate with membrane skeletal proteins. Because the membrane skeletal protein network plays an important role in regulating the membrane material properties of deformability and mechanical stability, we wanted to determine whether the SGPs, through their interaction with the membrane skeleton, can modulate these membrane properties. We measured membrane mechanical stability and membrane deformability of erythrocytes that were deficient in either alpha, or delta or beta and gamma SGPs. Only erythrocytes deficient in beta and gamma SGP had altered membrane properties, as evidenced by marked decreases in both membrane mechanical stability (50% of normal) and membrane deformability (40% of normal). Erythrocytes deficient in either alpha or delta SGP had normal deformability and stability. Based on these data, we suggest that an interaction of beta and/or gamma SGP with the membrane skeleton plays a functionally important role in regulating normal erythrocyte membrane properties.
DNA polymerase III gene of Bacillus subtilis. (1989)

The Bacillus subtilis dnaF (polC) gene that codes for the alpha subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme has been sequenced. It consists of 4005 base pairs coding for 1335 amino acids (from the start to the stop codon), giving a molecular weight of 151,273. A mutation (azp-12) that confers resistance to the antimicrobial drug 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil is due to a single base change at nucleotide 3523, from TCA to GCA, resulting in a change of the 1175th amino acid, serine, to alanine. It is in the active site and located at the C-terminal part of the enzyme. The amino acid composition in an N-terminal domain has 26% homology to the epsilon subunit coded by the dnaQ gene of Escherichia coli, which is a 3'----5' proofreading exonuclease, supporting an earlier observation that this function is an integral part of the polymerase molecule in B. subtilis.
The facial animation engine: toward a high-level interface for the design of MPEG-4 compliant animated faces (1999)

We propose a method for implementing a high-level interface for the synthesis and animation of animated virtual faces that is in full compliance with MPEG-4 specifications. This method allows us to implement the simple facial object profile and part of the calibration facial object profile. In fact, starting from a facial wireframe and from a set of configuration files, the developed system is capable of automatically generating the animation rules suited for model animation driven by a stream of facial animation parameters. If the calibration parameters (feature points and texture) are available, the system is able to exploit this information for suitably modifying the geometry of the wireframe and for performing its animation by means of calibrated rules computed ex novo on the adapted somatics of the model. Evidence of the achievable performance is reported at the end of this paper by means of figures showing the capability of the system to reshape its geometry according to the decoded MPEG-4 facial calibration parameters and its effectiveness in performing facial expressions.
Geometric Generative Gaze Estimation (G3E) for Remote RGB-D Cameras (2014)

We propose a head pose invariant gaze estimation model for distant RGB-D cameras. It relies on a geometric understanding of the 3D gaze action and generation of eye images. By introducing a semantic segmentation of the eye region within a generative process, the model (i) avoids the critical feature tracking of geometrical approaches requiring high resolution images, (ii) decouples the person dependent geometry from the ambient conditions, allowing adaptation to different conditions without retraining. Priors in the generative framework are adequate for training from few samples. In addition, the model is capable of gaze extrapolation allowing for less restrictive training schemes. Comparisons with state of the art methods validate these properties which make our method highly valuable for addressing many diverse tasks in sociology, HRI and HCI.
A Splicing Variant of the RON Transcript Induces Constitutive Tyrosine Kinase Activity and an Invasive Phenotype (1996)

The Ron tyrosine kinase receptor shares with the members of its subfamily (Met and Sea) a unique functional feature: the control of cell dissociation, motility, and invasion of extracellular matrices (scattering). The mature Ron protein is a heterodimer of disulfide-linked alpha and beta chains, originated by proteolytic cleavage of a single-chain precursor of 185 kDa. In a human gastric cancer cell line (KATO-III), we found abnormal accumulation of an uncleaved single-chain protein (delta-Ron) of 165 kDa; this molecule is encoded by a transcript differing from the full-length RON mRNA by an in-frame deletion of 49 amino acids in the beta-chain extracellular domain. The deleted transcript originates by an alternatively spliced cassette exon of 147 bp, flanked by two short introns. The delta-Ron tyrosine kinase is constitutively activated by disulfide-linked intracellular oligomerization because it contains an uneven number of cysteine residues. Oligomerization and constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of the full-size Ron was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis of a single cysteine residue in the region encoded by the cassette exon, mimicking that occurring in the delta-Ron isoform. Inhibition of thiol-mediated intermolecular disulfide bonding prevented delta-Ron oligomerization. The intracellular activation of Ron is followed by acquisition of invasive properties in vitro. These data (i) provide a novel molecular mechanism for posttranscriptional activation of a tyrosine kinase receptor protein and (ii) suggest a role for the Ron receptor in progression toward malignancy.
Insect Cell Hosts for Baculovirus Expression Vectors Contain Endogenous Exoglycosidase Activity (1993)

Four different insect cell lines that can be used as hosts for baculovirus infection were assayed for the presence of endogenous exoglycosidases. All four cell lines, derived from Spodoptera frugiperda, Trichoplusia ni, Bombyx mori, or Malacosoma disstria, contained N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, and sialidase activities. Exoglycosidase activities were found in cell lysates as well as cell-free supernatants from uninfected and wild-type baculovirus infected cells. Oligosaccharide analysis of cellular glycoproteins using lectins recognizing Gal beta 1, 3GalNAc, Gal beta 1, 4GlcNAc, and NeuAc alpha 2,6Gal demonstrated that only Gal beta 1,3GalNAc was present. The demonstration that these cells contain exoglycosidases raises the possibility that the oligosaccharides of baculovirus-expressed glycoproteins are subject to enzymatic degradation.
Laser Discectomy (1994)

The percutaneous treatment of lumbar disc disease with laser energy has emerged recently as an alternative to open surgical or even mechanical percutaneous methods. Although numerous laser wavelengths have been employed in both the experimental and clinical settings, no consensus exists regarding selection of laser, treatment duration, or energy requirements. Inspection of the disc/water absorption spectrum combined with the limitations of the fiberoptic delivery systems argue for the use of lasers near 2.0 microns, such as the 2.1-microns Ho:YAG. Although recently developed in vitro models have allowed for laser system comparisons, most clinical work has been empiric, uncontrolled, and in very small series.
CMOS design challenges to power wall (2002)

CMOS power dissipation has been increasing due to the increase in power density. The power dissipation increased fourfold every three years until the early 1990's, due to a constant voltage scaling. Recently, a constant field scaling has been applied to reduce power dissipation, where the power density is increased proportional to the 0.7th power of scaling factor, resulting in power increase by twice every 6.5 years. It is considered that the power dissipation of CMOS chips will steadily be increased as a natural result of device scaling. Technology scaling will become difficult due to the power wall. On the other hand, future computer and communications technology will require further reduction in power dissipation. Since no new energy efficient device technology is on the horizon, low power CMOS design should be challenged. This paper discusses what and how much designers can do for CMOS power reduction.
A Single Mutation in the Gene Responsible for the Mucoid Phenotype of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Confers Surface and Functional Characteristics (2015)

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular carbohydrate polymers synthesized by a large variety of bacteria. Their physiological functions have been extensively studied, but many of their roles have not yet been elucidated. We have sequenced the genomes of two isogenic strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis that differ in their EPS-producing phenotype. The original strain displays a nonmucoid appearance, and the mutant derived thereof has acquired a mucoid phenotype. The sequence analysis of their genomes revealed a nonsynonymous mutation in the gene Balat_1410, putatively involved in the elongation of the EPS chain. By comparing a strain from which this gene had been deleted with strains containing the wild-type and mutated genes, we were able to show that each strain displays different cell surface characteristics. The mucoid EPS synthesized by the strain harboring the mutation in Balat_1410 provided higher resistance to gastrointestinal conditions and increased the capability for adhesion to human enterocytes. In addition, the cytokine profiles of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and ex vivo colon tissues suggest that the mucoid strain could have higher anti-inflammatory activity. Our findings provide relevant data on the function of Balat_1410 and reveal that the mucoid phenotype is able to alter some of the most relevant functional properties of the cells.
The bundle‐forming pili of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: transcriptional regulation by environmental signals (1996)

The bundle-forming pili (BFP) of enteropathogenic Escherichia coil (EPEC) are required for the development of circumscribed colonies of bacteria attached to the surfaces of cultured epithelial cells, a process termed the localized adherence (LA) phenotype. Similar lesions are evident in jejunal biopsies from EPEC-infected children. BFP production is not constitutive, but instead occurs upon transfer of bacteria from nutrient broth to tissue culture media, indicating that the expression of BFP may be environmentally regulated. To learn more about how BFP protein expression is induced during epithelial-cell adherence, bfpA-cat transcriptional fusions and northern blot analyses were employed to monitor bfpA expression as a function of environmental signals and growth kinetics. bfpA expression was found to be regulated at the transcriptional level, and to require a separate locus on the EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid. Expression occurred selectively during exponential-growth phase and was greatest between 35 and 37 degrees C, and in the presence of calcium. Ammonium (20 mM) significantly reduced bfpA mRNA and protein expression and the development of the LA phenotype. Analysis of the bfpA upstream sequence and identification of the transcription initiation site revealed a conventional sigma (70)-dependent promoter and an AT-rich tract that might affect promoter activity. Taken together, these findings further support the pathogenic role of BFP by explaining how BFP production would commence in the small intestine and terminate in the colon and in external habitats.
Isomeric clusters [Ru4(μ4-PPh)(μ4-C4H3N)(CO)11] containing diagonal C,C and parallel C,N bonded pyrrolyne ligands (1998)

The three isomeric tertiary phosphines, diphenyl- n-pyrrolylphosphine ( n = 1, 2 or 3) lead to two isomeric tetranuclear clusters [Ru 4(µ 4-PPh)(µ 4-C 4H 3N)(CO) 11] which contain the diagonal C,C bonded and parallel C,N bonded pyrrolyne ligands.
S-parameter-based IC interconnect transmission line characterization (1992)

A methodology for extracting high-frequency IC interconnect transmission parameters directly from S-parameter measurements has been demonstrated using on-chip test structures. The methodology consists of: (1) building on-chip interconnect structures for microwave test, (2) characterizing and subtracting measurement system parasitics, (3) extracting the transmission line impedance and propagation constant (attenuation constant and phase constant) from the calibrated data, and (4) extracting the Telegrapher's Equation transmission parameters (R, L, C, and G). Additional on-chip calibration permits subtraction of pad parasitic effects. This methodology is demonstrated over a 45-MHz to 20-GHz frequency range using an example 1-cm-long, 4- mu m-wide IC interconnect built in an advanced BiCMOS technology. Variations in interconnect impedance and capacitance indicate two signal propagation modes. Significant substrate-based loss is measured at microwave frequencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>