gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adding Dexmedetomidine to Lidocaine for Intravenous Regional Anesthesia (2004)

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine when added to lidocaine for IV regional anesthesia. This is the first clinical study demonstrating that the addition of 0.5 microg/kg dexmedetomidine to lidocaine for IV regional anesthesia improves quality of anesthesia and intraoperative-postoperative analgesia without causing side effects.
A study of performance on SMP and distributed memory architectures using a shared memory programming model (1997)

In this paper we examine the use of a shared memory programming model to address the problem of portability of application codes between distributed memory and shared memory architectures. We do this with an extension of the Parallel C Preprocessor. The extension, borrowed from Split-C and AC, uses type qualifiers instead of storage class modifiers to declare variables that are shared among processors. The type qualifier declaration supports an abstract shared memory facility on distributed memory machines while making direct use of hardware support on shared memory architectures.Our benchmarking study spans a wide range of shared memory and distributed memory platforms. Benchmarks include Gaussian elimination with backsubstitution, a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform, and a matrix-matrix multiply. We find that the type-qualifier-based shared memory programming model is capable of efficiently spanning both distributed memory and shared memory architectures. Although the resulting shared memory programming model is portable, it does not remove the need to arrange for overlapped or blocked remote memory references on platforms that require these tuning measures in order to obtain good performance.
Liquid Chromatography in Helically Coiled Open Tubular Columns (1978)

Abstract Limitations on pressure, packing procedures, and extra-column broadening make it unlikely that the use of particles smaller than 2 μm in packed columns for liquid chromatography will be effective. We have therefore investigated the potential of alternative column types, in particular open tubular columns, for LC. When tubes are tightly coiled into helices, the radial mass transfer in the mobile phase is greatly enhanced by radial convection, called secondary flow, originating from centrifugal forces. A criterion is developed for the velocity up to which the classical description of axial dispersion in straight columns, after Golay, can be expected to hold. A correction for curvature effects is given for intermediate and high velocities. In principle, the corrected equations enable one to determine molecular diffusion constants from peak broadening within short times, even for macromolecular solutions. At high velocities a drastic decrease in peak broadening is expected, and this was experimentally confirmed for nonretained solutes. The separation speed increases at least quadratically with velocity such that 103 to 104 plates/sec can easily be obtained at pressures not higher than those presently needed for packed columns. The coating of a stable homogeneous layer of stationary phase onto the column wall has been only partially solved. Experience gained with various types of coating is discussed.
Sensitivity of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa to demethylation‐inhibiting fungicides in Ontario, Canada, after a decade of use (2007)

In late 2003, nine populations of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa in Ontario Canada (seven of which had been previously sampled in early 1994, prior to the registration of sterol demethylation‐inhibiting (DMI) fungicides for turf disease control in Canada) were sampled and tested for sensitivity to propiconazole. Four of the nine populations had not been treated with DMI fungicides during the intervening years, and isolates from these locations were sensitive to propiconazole (geometric mean EC 50 values of 0·005–0·012 µ g mL −1 , compared with 0·005–0·008 µ g mL −1 for the original 1994 populations). Among the five populations from 2003 that had been exposed to DMI fungicides, mean EC 50 values were significantly greater, ranging from 0·020 to 0·048 µ g mL −1 . A significant correlation of determination was found between estimated number of fungicide applications and log EC 50 ( R 2 = 0·832, P = 0·0001), and the equation predicted that 42·3 applications of propiconazole would be needed to bring a sensitive population (EC 50 &lt; 0·01 µ g mL −1 ) to a resistant level (EC 50 &gt; 0·10 µ g mL −1 ). Fungicide sensitivity vs. duration of fungicide efficacy was also tested, and it was found that isolates with decreased sensitivity were able to more quickly overcome the inhibitory effects of fungicide application, reducing the duration of control from 3 weeks to 2 weeks.
Early detection of antibodies against rDNA-produced HIV proteins with a flow cytometric assay (1989)

There is evidence that some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals have prolonged periods of seronegativity. A flow cytometric immunoreactive bead (IRB) assay is described for quantitative, simultaneous, and early detection of antibodies to HIV. Polystyrene beads of four diameters, each size coated with a different HIV recombinant DNA-produced protein (p24, p31, gp41, or gp120), bound anti- HIV antibodies detected with fluorescent antiglobulin. The IRB assay was performed on a panel of blood donor samples, many giving consistently false-positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and indeterminant Western blot (WB) results. The IRB assay proved as sensitive and more specific than currently licensed EIA and WB tests. Results on serial samples from eight HIV-infected individuals indicated that quantitation of anti-p24 by IRB assay may be useful in monitoring disease progression. Sequential pre- and post-EIA seroconversion sera from 35 HIV-infected homosexual men were tested by the IRB assay using IgM- and IgG-specific fluorescent probes. All 35 cases were IRB assay positive for at least one rDNA-p either before (17 of 35, 49%) or at the time of EIA positivity. Eleven cases (31%) initially had only IgM anti-HIV, primarily to gp41 (17%). In two individuals, the IgM response was detected at least 18 months before EIA seroconversion. The IRB assay is a widely applicable analytic procedure, potentially useful in pretransfusion anti-HIV screening of blood.
Peripheral Neuropathy in Sleep Apnea: A Tissue Marker of the Severity of Nocturnal Desaturation (1999)

Because chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well known to induce peripheral neuropathy and resistance to ischemic nerve conduction failure (RICF), we performed a case-control study examining peripheral nerve function during ischemia in 17 patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) without daytime hypoxemia and 10 control subjects. Median nerve conduction was studied before, during, and after a 30-min period of ischemia. Preischemic sensory and mixed nerve potential amplitudes and sensory conduction velocity were lower in OSA patients than in control subjects despite higher supramaximal stimulation. During ischemia, seven OSA patients manifested RICF (OSA-RICF), whereas both the other 10 patients, who were nonresistant to ischemic conduction failure (OSA-NR), and control subjects did not. OSA-RICF patients had the lowest initial nerve-potential amplitude, whereas OSA-NR patients had a response intermediate between that of control subjects and OSA-RICF patients. OSA-RICF patients had a lower mean nocturnal SaO2 and a higher body mass index (BMI) and duration of SaO2 < 70% than did OSA-NR patients. Seven patients (four OSA-RICF and three OSA-NR) were reevaluated after at least 2 mo of treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). RICF disappeared in all OSA-RICF patients, whereas preischemic nerve conduction parameters were unchanged in both OSA-RICF and OSA-NR patients. Thus OSA patients have peripheral nerve dysfunction whose severity is partly related to the level of nocturnal hypoxemia. Abnormal preischemic nerve conduction suggests axonal lesions, whereas RICF, which appears to be a sensitive but nonspecific tissue marker of the severity of hypoxemia, may result from adaptative mechanisms.
Comparison of Different In Vivo Incubation Sites to Produce Tissue-Engineered Small Intestine (2018)

Wrapping of seeded scaffolds in vascularized membranes produced the largest quantity and highest quality of TESI. Attaching seeded scaffolds to the abdominal wall produced an intermediate quantity of TESI, but the quality was still comparable to TESI produced in vascularized membranes. Insertion of seeded scaffolds into the subcutaneous space produced the smallest quantity and lowest quality of TESI. In summary, wrapping seeded scaffolds with vascularized membranes is favorable for the production of TESI, and wrapping with omentum may produce TESI that is most easily anastomosed with host intestine.
High-Throughput Single-Cell Labeling (Hi-SCL) for RNA-Seq Using Drop-Based Microfluidics (2015)

The importance of single-cell level data is increasingly appreciated, and significant advances in this direction have been made in recent years. Common to these technologies is the need to physically segregate individual cells into containers, such as wells or chambers of a micro-fluidics chip. High-throughput Single-Cell Labeling (Hi-SCL) in drops is a novel method that uses drop-based libraries of oligonucleotide barcodes to index individual cells in a population. The use of drops as containers, and a microfluidics platform to manipulate them en-masse, yields a highly scalable methodological framework. Once tagged, labeled molecules from different cells may be mixed without losing the cell-of-origin information. Here we demonstrate an application of the method for generating RNA-sequencing data for multiple individual cells within a population. Barcoded oligonucleotides are used to prime cDNA synthesis within drops. Barcoded cDNAs are then combined and subjected to second generation sequencing. The data are deconvoluted based on the barcodes, yielding single-cell mRNA expression data. In a proof-of-concept set of experiments we show that this method yields data comparable to other existing methods, but with unique potential for assaying very large numbers of cells.
Hidden Markov Decision Trees (1996)

We study a time series model that can be viewed as a decision tree with Markov temporal structure. The model is intractable for exact calculations, thus we utilize variational approximations. We consider three different distributions for the approximation: one in which the Markov calculations are performed exactly and the layers of the decision tree are decoupled, one in which the decision tree calculations are performed exactly and the time steps of the Markov chain are decoupled, and one in which a Viterbi-like assumption is made to pick out a single most likely state sequence. We present simulation results for artificial data and the Bach chorales. Accepted for oral presentation at NIPS*96. 1 Introduction Decision trees are regression or classification models that are based on a nested decomposition of the input space. An input vector x is classified recursively by a set of &amp;quot;decisions&amp;quot; at the nonterminal nodes of a tree, resulting in the choice of a terminal node at which an output...
고열에 노출된 Hsp70 knockout mice의 태아에게서 모체운동의 효과: 세포자멸사의 변화 (2008)

산모의 고열은 heat shock protein 70(Hsp70)을 조절하고 세포자멸사(apoptosis)를 유도하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 산모의 운동이 태아의 세포자멸사에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 임신한 생쥐에게 수영운동을 시행하였으며, 태아를 적출하여 Hsp 70 과 Bcl-2 단백질의 발현양상을 western blotting을 통하여 분석하였고, 자멸된 세포의 수를 관찰하기 위해 TUNEL 염색법으로 분석하였다. 연구대상은 임신한 9주령 C57/BL6계(wild type: WT)를 정상대조군으로, C57/BL6계 Hsp70 knockout(KO) 생쥐를 실험군으로 정하였고, 두 군은 다시 대조군, 운동군, 운동고열군, 고열군의 네 군으로 분류하였다. 수영운동은 임신이 확인된 다음날부터 임신 제 8일까지 총 8일간 10분씩 시행하였으며, 고열노출은 임신 제 8일에 43℃ 수조에서 유도하였다. 임신 제 9일 태아를 적출한 결과 태아의 생존률은 대조군에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, Hsp70 KO 군의 고열군은 다른 군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.001). 그러나 두 군의 운동고열군은 고열군에 비해 유의하게 높은 생존률을 나타내었다. Hsp 70의 발현은 정상대조군의 고열군에서 유의하게 증가하였지만, Hsp 70 KO 군의 모든 군에서는 매우 미약한 반응을 보였을 뿐 유의한 차이는 관찰할 수 없었다. Bcl-2의 발현은 두 군의 고열군은 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.001). 그러나 두 군의 운동고열군은 고열군에 비해 Bcl-2 발현이 증가되어 있었다. 세포자멸사는 Hsp 70 KO 고열군에서 유의하게 가장 높게(p<.001) 나타난 반면 운동고열군은 고열군에 비해 유의하게 감소(p<.05)하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 산모생쥐에게서 고열 노출전 운동은 태아의 생존률을 높이고, Bcl-2의 발현을 증가시켜 세포자멸사를 억제하는 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 운동은 고열로 인한 태아손상으로부터 태아를 보호 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.
Purification and characterization of an elastinolytic metalloprotease from Aspergillus fumigatus and immunoelectron microscopic evidence of secretion of this enzyme by the fungus invading the murine lung (1994)

Extracellular proteases have been suggested to be virulence factors in invasive aspergillosis. Since serine protease gene-disrupted mutants retain virulence, other proteases are suspected to be also involved in the degradation of lung structural material. An elastinolytic neutral metalloprotease was purified 320-fold from the extracellular fluid of Aspergillus fumigatus grown on elastin by affinity chromatography on bacitracin-Sepharose 4B and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. The molecular mass was determined to be 43 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No carbohydrate was attached to this metalloprotease, and its first 22 N-terminal amino acids did not show any homology with the known metalloproteases. The enzyme was completely inhibited by EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline, and phosphoramidon but not by inhibitors specific for serine, aspartate, and cysteine proteases. Zn2+ and, to a lesser extent, Co2+ reversed the inhibition caused by 1,10-phenanthroline. The protease hydrolyzed the peptide bonds His-Leu, Ala-Leu, Tyr-Leu, Gly-Phe, and Phe-Phe in the B chain of insulin. Synthetic substrate Abz-Ala-Ala-Phe-Phe-pNA could be used for the fluorimetric assay of the A. fumigatus metalloprotease. This enzyme had maximum activity in the pH range 7.5 to 8.0 and at 60 degrees C. It retained 50% of the protease activity when held at 60 degrees C for 1 h. Zn2+ and Co2+ at 1 mM did not inhibit the protease activity. The metalloprotease was able to hydrolyze elastin, and its elastinolytic activity was comparable to that of the serine protease from this organism. The presence of Zn2+ in the culture medium stimulated the metalloprotease production. Rabbit antibodies prepared against the enzyme severely inhibited the enzyme activity. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed that A. fumigatus invading neutropenic mouse lungs secretes this metalloprotease.
Studies in palm oil crystallization (1976)

Abstract The melting and crystallization behaviors of palm oil were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, and plasticity measurements and were correlated with composition and chemical characteristics. Fractionation into high melting and low melting components is adversely affected by increase in free fatty acids (FFA), diglyceride content, and degree of oxidation, and hence, for an oil that is to be fractionated, both hydrolysis and oxidation should be kept to a minimum. Palm oil with very low FFA content, obtained from ripe, unbruised fruit, contains substantially more diglycerides than would be expected from the level of FFA present. Liquid and solid palm oil fractions manufactured in the producing countries showed large variation in characteristics, due in part to the use of various fractionation processes. The characteristics used to define the quality of palm oil are also applicable to its fractions.
Robust simultaneous detection of coronary borders in complex images (1995)

Visual estimation of coronary obstruction severity from angiograms suffers from poor inter- and intraobserver reproducibility and is often inaccurate. In spite of the widely recognized limitations of visual analysis, automated methods have not found widespread clinical use, in part because they too frequently fail to accurately identify vessel borders. The authors have developed a robust method for simultaneous detection of left and right coronary borders that is suitable for analysis of complex images with poor contrast, nearby or overlapping structures, or branching vessels. The reliability of the simultaneous border detection method and that of the authors' previously reported conventional border detection method were tested in 130 complex images, selected because conventional automated border detection might be expected to fail. Conventional analysis failed to yield acceptable borders in 65/130 or 50% of images. Simultaneous border detection was much more robust (p<.001) and failed in only 15/130 or 12% of complex images. Simultaneous border detection identified stenosis diameters that correlated significantly better with observer-derived stenosis diameters than did diameters obtained with conventional border detection (p<0.001), Simultaneous detection of left and right coronary borders is highly robust and has substantial promise for enhancing the utility of quantitative coronary angiography in the clinical setting.
EBV Structural Antigens, gp350 and gp85, as Targets for Ex Vivo Virus-Specific CTL During Acute Infectious Mononucleosis: Potential Use of gp350/gp85 CTL Epitopes for Vaccine Design (1999)

For many years, EBV vaccine development efforts have concentrated on the use of structural Ag, gp350, and have been directed toward Ab-mediated blocking virus attachment to the target cell. There is increasing evidence to suggest that the development of neutralizing Abs in vaccinated animals does not always correlate with protection; nevertheless, it has been postulated that gp350-specific T cell-mediated immune responses may have an effector role in protection. This hypothesis has largely remained untested. In the present study, we demonstrate that CTL from acute infectious mononucleosis patients display strong ex vivo reactivity against the EBV structural Ags, gp85 and gp350. Moreover, long-term follow up studies on infectious mononucleosis-recovered individuals showed that these individuals maintain gp350- and gp85-specific memory CTL, albeit at low levels, in the peripheral blood. These results strongly suggest that CTL specific for EBV structural proteins may play an important role in the control of EBV infection during acute infection. More importantly, we also show that prior immunization of HLA A2/Kb transgenic mice with gp350 and gp85 CTL epitopes induced a strong epitope-specific CTL response and afforded protection against gp85- or gp350-expressing vaccinia virus challenge. These results have important implications for future EBV vaccine design and provides evidence, for the first time, that CTL epitopes from EBV structural proteins may be used for establishing strong antiviral immunity against EBV infection.
Viscoelastic Evaluation of Different Hyaluronic Acid Based Fillers Using Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography (2019)

Hylauronic acid (HA) is used as a viscoelastic in Ophthalmology during cataract surgery based on its high viscosity at rest, its ability to shear thin and dissipate energy during phacoemulsification. However, these properties of HA solutions would make them susceptible to migration when used as dermal filler materials. In this study, we apply a new technique termed vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT) to compare the physical properties of different HA solutions and fillers used in facial aesthetics. Results presented in this study suggest that HA solutions and HA dermal fillers have markedly different physical properties. HA solutions are highly viscoelastic with high % viscous losses while fillers tend to have lower viscous energy dissipation properties. Clinical observations suggest that the high loss fillers are injected more superficially in the face where tension and internal and external forces are more likely minimized giving tissue of the hands and lips more volume and allowing more natural movement. In contrast, the lower loss gels that are used to lift tissue, generally have a higher G’, and are injected deeper into the face where injection and internal forces are likely to be higher. It is concluded that HA filler gel design can be optimized by use of VOCT to evaluate the % viscous energy loss both in vitro and in vivo.
Fabricating Semiconductor Nano/Microwires and Transfer Printing Ordered Arrays of Them onto Plastic Substrates (2004)

Ordered arrays of single-crystalline nano- and microwires of GaAs and InP with well-controlled lengths, widths, and cross-sectional shapes have been fabricated over large areas from high quality bulk wafers by the use of traditional photolithography and anisotropic, chemical wet etching. A printing technique using elastomeric stamps can transfer these wire arrays to plastic substrates, with excellent retention of order and crystallographic orientation of the wires. Electrical measurements on simple test structures demonstrate the high degree of mechanical flexibility of the resulting wire arrays on plastics. The combination of “top down” wire fabrication and “dry” transfer printing might represent an effective route to ultrahigh performance macroelectronic systems.
Structural basis of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalysis and translocation (2016)

Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) play essential roles in viral genome replication and transcription. We previously reported several structural states of the poliovirus RdRP nucleotide addition cycle (NAC) that revealed a unique palm domain-based active site closure mechanism and proposed a six-state NAC model including a hypothetical state representing translocation intermediates. Using the RdRP from another human enterovirus, enterovirus 71, here we report seven RdRP elongation complex structures derived from a crystal lattice that allows three NAC events. These structures suggested a key order of events in initial NTP binding and NTP-induced active site closure and revealed a bona fide translocation intermediate featuring asymmetric movement of the template-product duplex. Our work provides essential missing links in understanding NTP recognition and translocation mechanisms in viral RdRPs and emphasizes the uniqueness of the viral RdRPs compared with other processive polymerases.