gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction in vitro of primary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses with DNA encoding herpes simplex virus proteins (1994)

Vaccines which successfully protect against virus infections usually need to induce a broadly reactive immune response which includes the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In this study, we have used a convenient in vitro approach to investigate if plasmid DNAs encoding proteins of herpes simplex virus (HSV) are capable of inducing primary CD8+ CTL. Dendritic cells or macrophages were transfected with either plasmid DNA encoding glycoprotein B or DNA encoding the immediate-early protein ICP27. These antigen-presenting cells (APC) were then used to stimulate enriched populations of naive T cells in microcultures for 5 days in vitro. Antigen-specific CD8+ CTL which reacted both with specific protein-expressing targets and with syngeneic targets infected with HSV could be demonstrated. Dendritic cells, as APC, generated the maximal responses, but such cells needed to be transfected with DNA in the presence of a cationic lipid. However, macrophages could act as APC when they were exposed to purified DNA. HSV-primed splenocytes were also shown to generate specific CTL responses when they were stimulated with purified DNA encoding ICP27. The novel approach described in this paper promises to be extremely useful, since defining immunogenicity profiles and identifying epitopes on viral proteins should be easier and more convenient when working with DNA and investigating variables in vitro. This is particularly the case with complex viruses such as HSV, most of whose encoded proteins have yet to be isolated in sufficient quantity or purity to perform in vivo immunological studies.
An Approach for Using LDAP as a Network Information Service (1998)

This document describes an experimental mechanism for mapping entities related to TCP/IP and the UNIX system into X.500 [X500] entries so that they may be resolved with the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol [RFC2251]. A set of attribute types and object classes are proposed, along with specific guidelines for interpreting them.
Accelerated volume rendering and tomographic reconstruction using texture mapping hardware (1994)

Volume rendering and reconstruction centers around solving two related integral equations: a volume rendering integral (a generalized Radon transform) and a filtered back projection integral (the inverse Radon transform). Both of these equations are of the same mathematical form and can be dimensionally decomposed and approximated using Riemann sums over a series of resampled images. When viewed as a form of texture mapping and frame buffer accumulation, enormous hardware enabled performance acceleration is possible.
Erratum: 3D-printed microelectronics for integrated circuitry and passive wireless sensors (2015)

Erratum to: Microsystems &amp; Nanoengineering (2015) 1, 15013; doi: 10.1038/micronano.2015.13; Published online: 20 July 2015 Since the publication of this article, the authors would like to make two corrections in the third(last) paragraph of “Design and Fabrication” section as follows: Replace “fused deposition modeling technology” with “multi-jet modeling (MJM)”; The company information of “ProJet HD 3000 printer, Hewlett-Packard Company, Palo Alto, CA, USA” should be replaced with “ProJet HD 3000 printer, 3D Systems Inc.
Outcomes among 562 Recipients of Placental-Blood Transplants from Unrelated Donors (1998)

Placental blood is a useful source of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells for bone marrow reconstitution.
Growth Charts for Children With Down Syndrome: 1 Month to 18 Years of Age (1988)

Centile charts for assessment of stature and weight reflecting expected deficient size and growth rate of home-reared children with Down syndrome are presented for two age intervals, 1 to 36 months and 2 to 18 years, based on 4650 observations on 730 children. Data were pooled and used to estimate five centiles which were smoothed using a flexible mathematical function. These data corroborate other studies of growth in children with Down syndrome demonstrating deficient growth rate throughout the growing period, but most marked in infancy and again at adolescence. Children with Down syndrome in the present sample were taller than those from institutionalized samples at all ages throughout the growing period. Children with moderate or severe congenital heart disease on average were 1.5 to 2.0 cm shorter and about 1 kg lighter than those without or with only mild disease. Mean weight and weight divided by stature squared show that children with Down syndrome have a tendency to be overweight beginning in late infancy and throughout the remainder of the growing years.
β2 integrins are required for skin homing of primed T cells but not for priming naive T cells (2002)

β2 integrins are of critical importance for leukocyte extravasation through vascular endothelia and for T cell activation. To elucidate the role of β2 integrins in T cell–mediated immune responses, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), irritant dermatitis, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) were assessed in mice lacking the β2 integrin subunit, CD18. ACD and DTH responses, but not edema formation, were severely suppressed in CD18–/– mice. Extravasation of CD18–/– T cells into eczematous skin lesions was greatly impaired, whereas migration of Langerhans cell precursors and dendritic cells was normal in CD18–/– mice. CD18–/–lymph nodes (LNs) contained an abnormal population of CD3–CD44high lymphocytes and showed evidence of widespread T cell activation. T cells from regional LNs of sensitized CD18–/– mice proliferated in response to hapten challenge, and subcutaneous injection of sensitized syngeneic LN cells directly into ears of hapten-challenged naive recipients restored the defective ACD in CD18–/– mice, suggesting that CD18 is not required for priming of naive T cells but is indispensable for T cell extravasation. Thus, a dysfunction of T cells, in addition to granulocytes, may contribute to the pathophysiology of leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I, which arises from mutations in the human CD18 gene.
Peripheral nerve injury: A review and approach to tissue engineered constructs (2001)

Eleven thousand Americans each year are affected by paralysis, a devastating injury that possesses associated annual costs of $7 billion (American Paralysis Association, 1997). Currently, there is no effective treatment for damage to the central nervous system (CNS), and acute spinal cord injury has been extraordinarily resistant to treatment. Compared to spinal cord injury, damage to peripheral nerves is considerably more common. In 1995, there were in excess of 50,000 peripheral nerve repair procedures performed. (National Center for Health Statistics based on Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification for the following categories: ICD-9 CM Code: 04.3, 04.5, 04.6, 04.7). These data, however, probably underestimate the number of nerve injuries appreciated, as not all surgical or traumatic lesions can be repaired. Further, intraabodominal procedures may add to the number of neurologic injuries by damage to the autonomic system through tumor resection. For example, studies assessing the outcome of impotency following radical prostatectomy demonstrated 212 of 503 previously potent men (42%) suffered impotency when partial or complete resection of one or both cavernosal nerve(s). This impotency rate decreased to 24% when the nerves were left intact (Quinlan et al., J. Urol. 1991;145:380-383; J. Urol. 1991;145:998-1002).
Influence of zinc deficiency on phagocytosis in mice. (1991)

The influence of phagocytic activity on the early stage defence mechanisms in zinc deficient mice was studied using active oxygen production as a parameter and the results obtained were as follows: 1. The body weight of the zinc deficient mice was decreased significantly compared with that of the normal mice. 2. Zinc levels in the liver and blood of the zinc deficient group showed low comparing with the zinc adequate and the control groups (P less than 0.01). 3. The numbers of intraperitoneal (i.p.) cells, which play a leading role in early stage defense mechanisms, showed lower levels in the zinc deficient mice than that of the normal mice. 4. Phagocytic activity was measured as active oxygen production and this activity was found to be impaired in zinc deficient mice. 5. After the typing of i.p. cells and blood cells, it was proved that lymphocyte (lym.) was the main cell (68.5% and 73.8%) in i.p. cells and blood cells of the zinc deficient mice. The control group (non-treated mice) and the zinc adequate group showed a similar pattern of these zinc deficient mice.
An essay on synthetic chemistry of colloidal nanocrystals (2009)

The central goal of synthetic chemistry of colloidal nanocrystals at present is to discover functional materials. Such functional materials should help mankind to meet the tough challenges brought by the rapid depletion of natural resources and the significant increase of population with higher and higher living standards. With this thought in mind, this essay discusses the basic guidelines for developing this new branch of synthetic chemistry, including rational synthetic strategies, functional performance, and green chemistry principles.
Glutathione and ascorbate reduction of the acetaminophen radical formed by peroxidase. Detection of the glutathione disulfide radical anion and the ascorbyl radical. (1990)

The acetaminophen phenoxyl radical was generated by the oxidation of acetaminophen by horseradish peroxidase in a fast-flow ESR experiment, and its reaction with glutathione and ascorbate was studied. Glutathione reduces the phenoxyl radical of acetaminophen to regenerate acetaminophen and form the thiyl radical of glutathione. This thiyl radical reacts with the thiolate anion of glutathione to form the disulfide radical anion, which was detected and characterized by ESR spectroscopy. In the presence of ascorbate, the ascorbyl radical was produced by the reduction of the acetaminophen phenoxyl radical by ascorbate. This reaction results in the complete reduction of the free radical of acetaminophen, whereas the glutathione reduction of the phenoxyl radical of acetaminophen was not complete on the fast-flow ESR time scale of milliseconds. This suggests that ascorbate rather than glutathione is more likely to react with the acetaminophen phenoxyl free radical in vivo. In the presence of both ascorbate and higher concentrations of glutathione, the reaction with ascorbate is dominant. When cysteine was used in the place of reduced glutathione in the above assay system, the disulfide radical anion of cystine was observed in a manner similar to glutathione. These reactions may have significance in the detoxification of acetaminophen and the free radical metabolites of xenobiotics in general. Only in cells containing low levels of ascorbate can glutathione play a direct role in the detoxification of the acetaminophen phenoxyl radical.
Protein kinase Cγ mediates ethanol withdrawal hyper‐responsiveness of NMDA receptor currents in spinal cord motor neurons (2005)

The present studies were designed to test the hypothesis that neuronal-specific protein kinase Cgamma (PKCgamma) plays a critical role in acute ethanol withdrawal hyper-responsiveness in spinal cord. Patch-clamp studies were carried out in motor neurons in neonatal rat spinal cord slices. Postsynaptic currents were evoked by brief pulses of 2 mM N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) in the presence of bicuculline methiodide 10 microM; strychnine 5 microM and tetrodotoxin 0.5 microM. Both ethanol depression and withdrawal hyper-responsiveness of NMDA-evoked currents are dependent on increases in intracellular Ca(2+). Blocking intracellular increase in Ca(2+) by 30 mM 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) not only decreased the ethanol-induced depression of NMDA-evoked currents (33+/-5% in control vs 20+/-3% in BAPTA, P<0.05) but also eliminated acute ethanol withdrawal hyper-responsiveness. Immunohistochemistry studies revealed that neonatal spinal cord motor neurons contain an abundance of nuclear PKCgamma. Exposure to ethanol (100 mM) induced PKCgamma translocation from the nucleus to cytoplasm in motor neurons. Pretreatment with the gamma-isozyme-specific peptide PKC inhibitor, gammaV5-3, blocked ethanol-induced translocation and also blocked withdrawal hyper-responsiveness. The results show that PKCgamma mediates ethanol withdrawal hyper-responsiveness in spinal motor neurons; the results may be relevant to some symptoms of ethanol withdrawal in vivo.
Effects of Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone, or Estradiol Administered Neonatally on Sexual Behavior of Female Ferrets* (1982)

Groups of female ferrets born in the laboratory received sc Silastic capsules containing testosterone (T), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17 beta-estradiol (E), or no steroid for 15 days beginning on the day of birth; an additional group of male ferrets received empty sc capsules neonatally. All ferrets were gonadectomized at 11 weeks of age and were subsequently tested for masculine and feminine sexual behaviors while being treated consecutively over an 8-month period with several different gonadal steroids. The ability to display masculine sexual behavior was studied in the absence of replacement hormones and during a counterbalanced sequence of treatments with Silastic capsules containing T, E, or DHT. The maximal amount of neck grip, mount, and pelvic thrusting behavior displayed, regardless of adult endocrine treatment, was significantly greater in control male and neonatally T-treated females than in females that had received no hormone, E, or DHT neonatally. Animals in all five groups displayed equivalent increments in sexual receptivity in response to daily sc injections of increasing dosages of estradiol benzoate. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of plasma collected from newborn female ferrets revealed no binding of either [3H]E or [3H]T, whereas two binding peaks were found for [3H]DHT. After the administration of androgen in adulthood, equivalent clitoral growth and ossification occurred in females given either T or DHT neonatally. These results suggest that in ferrets, behavioral masculinization occurs in response to neonatal exposure to T itself and not to its major neural metabolites, E and DHT. They also show that behavioral defeminization fails to occur in ferrets even after neonatal exposure to pharmacological amounts of E, T, or DHT.
Development or Environment: An Economic Approach (1977)

In the years since the environmental movement has gained political power, United States policy with respect to the environment has developed into an all-or-nothing approach. Zero discharge limitations, although not currently in effect, are the final goals of Water Quality and Air Quality legislation. The interim limitations, Best Practical and Best Available Technology, are aimed at forcing producers into approaching the zero discharge requirement. There are two aspects of the zero approach that are troubling: first, there is a total disregard for the costs of achieving that good, just as there has been disregard of the pollution costs by producers; second, there is no recognition of the wide variances in local circumstances. There exists a large and well-developed body of economic theory with which to assess the desirability of these, and other, environmental controls. [See, for example, Seneca and Taussig, 1974; Edel, 1973; Schultze and Kneese, 1975; Enthoven and Freeman, 1973; Dorfman and Dorfman, 1972].
Digital design: principles and practices (2001)

From the Publisher:
This popular volume provides a solid foundation in the elements of basic digital electronics and switching theory that are used in most practical digital design today -- and builds on that theory with discussions of real-world digital components, design methodologies, and tools. Covers a full range of topics -- number systems and codes, digital circuits, combinational logic design principles and practices, combinational logic design with PLDs, sequential logic design principles and practices, sequential logic design with PLDs, memory, and additional real-world topics (e.g., computer-aided engineering tools, design for testability, estimating digital system reliability, and transmission lines, reflections, and termination). This edition introduces PLDs as soon as possible, emphasizes CMOS logic families and introduces digital circuits in a strongly technology-independent fashion, covers the latest Generic Array Logic (GAL) devices, offers expanded coverage of ROM and RAM system-level design, and provides additional design examples. For those needing a solid introduction or review of the principles and practices of modern digital design. Previously announced in Oct. 1992 PTR Catalogue.
Electronic Effects in the Elastic Constants ofn-Type Silicon (1967)

The temperature dependence of the second-order elastic moduli, and the 25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C third-order elastic constants, are reported for pure silicon and for silicon doped with \ensuremath{\sim}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$ ($P$ atoms)/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. Certain combinations of the elastic constants are unaffected by the doping; others show large changes which are interpreted in the light of Keyes's theory of the electronic contribution to the elastic constants. The agreement between theory and experiment is excellent, and permits a thermodynamic determination of the carrier concentration of the doped sample and of the shear deformation potential constant ${\ensuremath{\Xi}}_{u}$ for the silicon conduction band of 8.6 eV at 25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C.
MASP-1 and MASP-2 Do Not Activate Pro–Factor D in Resting Human Blood, whereas MASP-3 Is a Potential Activator: Kinetic Analysis Involving Specific MASP-1 and MASP-2 Inhibitors (2015)

Abstract It had been thought that complement factor D (FD) is activated at the site of synthesis, and only FD lacking a propeptide is present in blood. The serum of mannose-binding lectin–associated serine protease (MASP)-1/3(−/−) mice contains pro-FD and has markedly reduced alternative pathway activity. It was suggested that MASP-1 and MASP-3 directly activate pro-FD; however, other experiments contradicted this view. We decided to clarify the involvement of MASPs in pro-FD activation in normal, as opposed to deficient, human plasma and serum. Human pro-FD containing an APPRGR propeptide was produced in insect cells. We measured its activation kinetics using purified active MASP-1, MASP-2, MASP-3, as well as thrombin. We found all these enzymes to be efficient activators, whereas MASP proenzymes lacked such activity. Pro-FD cleavage in serum or plasma was quantified by a novel assay using fluorescently labeled pro-FD. Labeled pro-FD was processed with t1/2s of ∼3 and 5 h in serum and plasma, respectively, showing that proteolytic activity capable of activating pro-FD exists in blood even in the absence of active coagulation enzymes. Our previously developed selective MASP-1 and MASP-2 inhibitors did not reduce pro-FD activation at reasonable concentration. In contrast, at very high concentration, the MASP-2 inhibitor, which is also a poor MASP-3 inhibitor, slowed down the activation. When recombinant MASPs were added to plasma, only MASP-3 could reduce the half-life of pro-FD. Combining our quantitative data, MASP-1 and MASP-2 can be ruled out as direct pro-FD activators in resting blood; however, active MASP-3 is a very likely physiological activator.
Symbolic model checking for event-driven real-time systems (1997)

In this article, we consider symbolic model checking for event-driven real-time systems. We first propose a Synchronous Real-Time Event Logic (SREL) for capturing the formal semantics of synchronous, event-driven real-time systems. The concrete syntax of these systems is given in terms of a graphical programming language called Modechart, by Jahanian and Mok, which can be translated into SREL structures. We then present a symbolic model-checking algorithm for SREL. In particular, we give an efficient algorithm for constructing OBDDs (Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) for linear constraints among integer variables. This is very important in a BDD-based symbolic model checker for real-time systems, since timing and event occurrence constraints are used very often in the specification of these systems. We have incorporated our construction algorithm into the SMV v2.3 from Carnegie-Mellon University and have been able to achieve one to two orders of magnitude in speedup and space saving when compared to the implementation of timing and event-counting functions by integer arithmetics provided by SMV.
Hodgkin's disease (familial) associated with multiple malignant neoplasms (1958)

Is OUR purpose to record an unusual com-I bination of multiple malignant neoplasms and Hodgkin's disease in a daughter and father.
Chitosan Hydrogel‐Capped Porous SiO2 as a pH Responsive Nano‐Valve for Triggered Release of Insulin (2009)

Abstract A pH responsive, chitosan‐based hydrogel film is used to cap the pores of a porous SiO 2 layer. The porous SiO 2 layer is prepared by thermal oxidation of an electrochemically etched Si wafer, and the hydrogel film is prepared by reaction of chitosan with glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). Optical reflectivity spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that the bio‐polymer only partially infiltrates the porous SiO 2 film, generating a double layer structure. The optical reflectivity spectrum displays Fabry–Pérot interference fringes characteristic of a double layer, which is characterized using reflective interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy (RIFTS). Monitoring the position of the RIFTS peak corresponding to the hydrogel layer allows direct, real‐time observation of the reversible volume phase transition of the hydrogel upon cycling of pH in the range 6.0–7.4. The swelling ratio and response time are controlled by the relative amount of GPTMS in the hydrogel. The pH‐dependent volume phase transition can be used to release insulin trapped in the porous SiO 2 layer underneath the hydrogel film. At pH 7.4, the gel in the top layer effectively blocks insulin release, while at pH 6.0 insulin penetrates the swollen hydrogel layer, resulting in a steady release into solution.
Cell‐microarray analysis of antigen‐specific B‐cells: Single cell analysis of antigen receptor expression and specificity (2007)

The authors previously developed a cell-microarray system that effectively detects antigen-specific B-cells by monitoring intracellular Ca2+ at single cell levels. Here they present a novel method to detect antigen-specific B-cells using cell-microarray system. To detect antigen-specific B-cells, they arrayed live lymphocytes on a chip, stained cells with fluorescence-labeled nonspecific proteins, and analyzed them with a fluorescence scanner to detect nonspecific protein binding to B-cells. They then stained cells with fluorescence-labeled antigen and analyzed them with the scanner. Cells stained with specific antigen, but not with nonspecific proteins, were determined as antigen-specific B-cells and harvested. Antibody cDNA was amplified from retrieved B-cells by single-cell RT-PCR, inserted into expression vectors, and was examined for its specificity by ELISA. They could detect antigen-specific B-cells at a frequency of 0.01% in a model system using transgenic mice that express antibody to hen-egg lysozyme on the surface of B-cells. They applied this system to directly detect hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBs-Ag)-specific B-cells from peripheral blood in HBs-Ag-vaccinated volunteers and succeeded in producing HBs-Ag-specific monoclonal antibody. This novel system allows us to identify human antigen-specific B-cells of very low frequency and is a powerful tool to explore the candidates of antibody therapeutics.