gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical dimension control at stitched subfield boundaries in a high-throughput SCALPEL® system (1998)

Scattering with angular limitation projection electron-beam lithography (SCALPEL®) is a stitching lithography system, using a segmented mask pattern which is assembled on the wafer by dynamic imaging. Critical objects may lie on the original pattern segment boundaries (seams), but their stitched images must adhere to conservatively interpreted +/−10% critical dimension (CD) control requirements. Stitching with butted (touching) spatial image parts requires an aggressive placement-error allocation of approximately +/−CD/20, along with allowed values for dose control, mask, resist, and process in the CD control budget. Further analysis has shown that a seam-blending scheme increases the stitching-error tolerance by as much as five times, and allows redistribution of all values in the CD error budget. The seam-blending approach provides overlapped image portions in a small area common to neighboring segments which receive complementary illumination dose portions.
MnasNet: Platform-Aware Neural Architecture Search for Mobile (2019)

Designing convolutional neural networks (CNN) for mobile devices is challenging because mobile models need to be small and fast, yet still accurate. Although significant efforts have been dedicated to design and improve mobile CNNs on all dimensions, it is very difficult to manually balance these trade-offs when there are so many architectural possibilities to consider. In this paper, we propose an automated mobile neural architecture search (MNAS) approach, which explicitly incorporate model latency into the main objective so that the search can identify a model that achieves a good trade-off between accuracy and latency. Unlike previous work, where latency is considered via another, often inaccurate proxy (e.g., FLOPS), our approach directly measures real-world inference latency by executing the model on mobile phones. To further strike the right balance between flexibility and search space size, we propose a novel factorized hierarchical search space that encourages layer diversity throughout the network. Experimental results show that our approach consistently outperforms state-of-the-art mobile CNN models across multiple vision tasks. On the ImageNet classification task, our MnasNet achieves 75.2% top-1 accuracy with 78ms latency on a Pixel phone, which is 1.8× faster than MobileNetV2 with 0.5% higher accuracy and 2.3× faster than NASNet with 1.2% higher accuracy. Our MnasNet also achieves better mAP quality than MobileNets for COCO object detection. Code is at https://github.com/tensorflow/tpu/tree/master/models/official/mnasnet.
Hydrogel properties influence ECM production by chondrocytes photoencapsulated in poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels (2001)

When using hydrogel scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering, two gel properties are particularly important: the equilibrium water content (q, equilibrium swelling ratio) and the compressive modulus, K. In this work, chondrocytes were photoencapsulated in degrading and nondegrading poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels to assess extracellular matrix (ECM) formation as a function of these gel properties. In nondegrading gels, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was not significantly different in gels when q was varied from 4.2 to 9.3 after 2 and 4 weeks in vitro. However, gels with a q of 9.3 allowed GAGs to diffuse throughout the gels homogenously, but a q < or = 5.2 resulted in localization of GAGs pericellularly. Interestingly, in the moderately crosslinked gels with a K of 360 kPa, an increase in type II collagen synthesis was observed compared with gels with a higher (960 kPa) and lower (30 kPa) K after 4 weeks. With the incorporation of degradable linkages into the network, gel properties with an initially high K (350 kPa) and final high q (7.9) were obtained, which allowed for increased type II collagen synthesis coupled with a homogenous distribution of GAGs. Thus, a critical balance exists between gel swelling, mechanics, and degradation in forming a functional ECM.
Dose-dependent effects of the Notch ligand Delta1 on ex vivo differentiation and in vivo marrow repopulating ability of cord blood cells (2005)

Although significant advances have been made over the last decade with respect to our understanding of stem cell biology, progress has been limited in the development of successful techniques for clinically significant ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We here describe the effect of Notch ligand density on induction of Notch signaling and subsequent cell fate of human CD34+CD38- cord blood progenitors. Lower densities of Delta1(ext-IgG) enhanced the generation of CD34+ cells as well as CD14+ and CD7+ cells, consistent with early myeloid and lymphoid differentiation, respectively. However, culture with increased amounts of Delta1(ext-IgG) induced apoptosis of CD34+ precursors resulting in decreased cell numbers, without affecting generation of CD7+ cells. RNA interference studies revealed that the promotion of lymphoid differentiation was primarily mediated by Delta1 activation of Notch1. Furthermore, enhanced generation of NOD/SCID repopulating cells was seen following culture with lower but not higher densities of ligand. These studies indicate critical, quantitative aspects of Notch signaling in affecting hematopoietic precursor cell-fate outcomes and suggest that density of Notch ligands in different organ systems may be an important determinant in regulating cell-fate outcomes. Moreover, these findings contribute to the development of methodology for manipulation of hematopoietic precursors for therapeutic purposes.
CD30 (Ki-1) positive anaplastic large cell lymphomas in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (1993)

HIV-related ALCL represents a clinically heterogeneous group of T cell, B cell and null cell malignant lymphomas, distinct from the previously described categories of AIDS-associated NHL, that may expand the spectrum of lymphoid neoplasms associated with HIV-infection. Identification and investigation of other cases of HIV-associated ALCL is important to determine the nature of the relationship between HIV infection and the development of ALCL.
Angiogenesis in the kidney: a new therapeutic target? (2009)

Evidence of aberrant renal microvascular architecture in various forms of renal disease provides the impetus to attempt modulating the renal microcirculation to interfere with the disease process. Targeted interventions to preserve the renal microcirculation may not only decrease the evolving injury in renal vascular disease but also potentially constitute a coadjuvant intervention to become part of a comprehensive management plan to improve the success of parallel strategies to preserve renal function, such as revascularization.
The amygdala and sexual drive: Insights from temporal lobe epilepsy surgery (2003)

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the amygdala and human sex drive. We compared amygdalar volume in groups of patients with or without sexual changes after temporal lobe resection and in age-matched neurologically normal subjects. Forty-five patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy who underwent surgical resection in the Comprehensive Epilepsy Program at the Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre completed a semistructured interview and questionnaire relating to sexual outcome after surgery. Volumetric analyses of both amygdalae were conducted on the patients' preoperative T(1)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans and those of 46 neurologically normal controls. Patients who reported a postoperative sexual increase had a significantly larger amygdalar volume contralateral to the site of their resective surgery than patients with a sexual decrease or no change than control subjects. There was a significant positive relationship between contralateral amygdalar volume and the maximum degree of sexual change. We have demonstrated a relationship between contralateral amygdalar volume and sexual outcome in patients undergoing temporal lobe resection. This finding provides evidence for an important role of the amygdala in regulating human sexual behavior. A larger contralateral amygdala may contribute to the expression of increased or improved sexuality after temporal lobe resection.
Efficient production of transgenic cattle by retroviral infection of early embryos (1995)

Production of transgenic cattle by microinjection of DNA has been difficult and costly. To explore an alternative method, one- to four-cell bovine embryos were exposed to a replication-defective retrovirus by microinjection of retrovirus producer cells into the perivitelline space. Embryos were cultured in vitro for 3-4 days, then transferred to recipient cows for further development. Thirteen of 22 embryos recovered at 15 days gestation and each of four fetuses recovered at 90 days gestation were transgenic. Fetuses harbored between 2 and 12 proviruses, and within each fetus, identical patterns of integration were observed in seven tissues tested. Estimates of the number of proviruses per cell suggested that in three of the four fetuses, most, and possibly all, cells were transgenic. This technique should facilitate application of transgenic technology to cattle and other agriculturally important species.
Activation of the 5-HT1B/D receptor reduces hindlimb neurogenic inflammation caused by sensory nerve stimulation and capsaicin (2007)

Activation of the 5-HT(1B/D) receptor inhibits cerebrovascular neurogenic inflammation (NI). The aim of this study was to determine if the 5-HT(1B/D) receptor agonist sumatriptan can also inhibit NI in other regions of the body. NI was assessed by measuring plasma extravasation (PE) and changes in blood flow in the rat hindpaw. Sumatriptan was administered locally (20 microl, 50 or 100 nM, s.c.) into the dorso-medial region of one hindpaw. The other paw was pre-treated with vehicle (20 microl of 0.9% saline) and served as a control. NI was induced after treatment with sumatriptan/vehicle by injecting capsaicin (15 microl, 1%, s.c.) into each paw or by electrically stimulating the saphenous nerve (4 Hz, 30s). Sumatriptan administered locally or systemically (300 microg/kg, i.v.) significantly reduced saphenous nerve and capsaicin-induced PE and vasodilation. The systemic and local inhibitory actions of sumatriptan are mediated by the 5-HT(1B/D) receptor as pre-treatment with the 5-HT(1B/D) antagonist GR127935 (GR; 15 microl, 1 microM, s.c. or 0.2 micromol/kg, i.v.) completely blocked the inhibitory effect of sumatriptan on capsaicin-induced vasodilation and reduced the inhibitory effect of sumatriptan on capsaicin and electrically induced-PE. Neither PE induced by local injection of substance P (SP) (20 pmol, 20 microl, s.c.) nor vasodilation induced by local CGRP injection was affected by pre-treatment with sumatriptan. These findings indicate that both local and systemic activation of the 5-HT(1B/D) receptor by sumatriptan reduce NI induced by nerve stimulation or capsaicin presumably by inhibiting neuropeptide release. 5-HT(1B/D) receptor agonists may be useful for the treatment of non-trigeminal pain conditions involving NI.
Spectral Fluorescence Molecular Imaging of Lung Metastases Targeting HER2/neu (2007)

A HER2-targeted optical imaging probe shows the ability to specifically enhance HER2+ pulmonary metastases but not HER2- pulmonary metastases. The high sensitivity and specificity of this probe is encouraging for the development of antigen-targeted optical probes to assist in the resection of pulmonary metastases.
Therapeutic Gene Silencing Delivered by a Chemically Modified Small Interfering RNA against Mutant SOD1 Slows Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Progression (2008)

Inherited neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington disease and subset of Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are caused by the mutant genes that have gained undefined properties that harm cells in the nervous system, causing neurodegeneration and clinical phenotypes. Lowering the mutant gene expression is predicted to slow the disease progression and produce clinical benefit. Administration of small interfering RNA (siRNA) can silence specific genes. However, long term delivery of siRNA to silence the mutant genes, a requirement for treatment of these chronic central nervous system (CNS) diseases, remains a critical unsolved issue. Here we designed and tested a chemically stabilized siRNA against human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in a mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We show that the modified siRNA has enhanced stability and retains siRNA activity. Administration of this siRNA at the disease onset by long term infusion into the CNS resulted in widespread distribution of this siRNA, knocked down the mutant SOD1 expression, slowed the disease progression, and extended the survival. These results bring RNA interference therapy one step closer to its clinical application for treatment of chronic, devastating, and fatal CNS disorders.
Genetic Algorithm Application for Optimum Design of Three Phases Disk Type PM Motor (2012)

Permanent magnet Double-sided disk type PM motors (or axial flux PM - AFPM) are the most widely used types in different applications. In this paper, the equation related to the determination of design and dimensions of double-sided slotted axial flux motor with internal stator will be investigated. This paper presents a new method for optimum design disk type one-stator-two-rotor surface-mounted permanent magnet motor to achieve high power density. At the end of this paper, the results of optimum design dimensions of Double-sided disk type PM motors based on genetic algorithm is presented with high power density or low total volume.
An Alternative Processing of Integrin αv Subunit in Tumor Cells by Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase (2002)

Membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and alpha(v)beta(3) integrin are both essential to cell invasion. Maturation of integrin pro-alpha(v)chain (pro-alpha(v)) involves its cleavage by proprotein convertases (PC) to form the disulfide-bonded 125-kDa heavy and 25-kDa light alpha chains. Our report presents evidence of an alternative pathway of pro-alpha(v) processing involving MT1-MMP. In breast carcinoma MCF7 cells deficient in MT1-MMP, pro-alpha(v) is processed by a conventional furin-like PC, and the mature alpha(v) integrin subunit is represented by the 125-kDa heavy chain and the 25-kDa light chain commencing from the N-terminal Asp(891). In contrast, in cells co-expressing alpha(v)beta(3) and MT1-MMP, MT1-MMP functions as an integrin convertase. MT1-MMP specifically cleaves pro-alpha(v), generating a 115-kDa heavy chain with the truncated C terminus and a 25-kDa light chain commencing from the N-terminal Leu(892). PC-cleavable alpha(3) and alpha(5) but not the PC-resistant alpha(2) integrin subunit are also susceptible to MT1-MMP cleavage. These novel mechanisms involved in the processing of integrin alpha subunits underscore the significance and complexity of interactions between MT1-MMP and adhesion receptors and suggest that regulation of integrin functionality may be an important role of MT1-MMP in migrating tumor cells.
Pharmacologic profile of certoparin (1999)

The low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are now not only used for the prophylaxis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but also for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Beside these approved usages, the LMWHs have been developed for indications such as thrombotic and ischaemic stroke, cancer-associated thrombotic and vascular disorders, Alzheimer's disease and a variety of inflammatory disorders. In the United States, there are three approved LMWHs (enoxaparin, dalteparin and ardeparin). In Canada, reviparin and tinzaparin are also approved. The European Union has taken the lead; eight LMWHs are approved for various indications. Certoparin represents one of the earlier LMWHs used for DVT prophylaxis and treatment, with additional indications currently under development. Certoparin represents an isoamyl nitrite depolymerised LMWH with comparable structural characteristics to other nitrous acid depolymerised products such as nadroparin and reviparin. While comparable in structure to dalteparin, this agent differs in function due to a secondary purification process that is employed in the manufacture of dalteparin. The preclinical pharmacology of this drug has been extensively investigated. Although indication specific dosing and the optimisation of use in, for example, acute coronary syndromes and thrombotic stroke, may be require, certoparin represents a typical LMWH with comparable performance characteristics to some other agents. This chapter describes some of the preclinical and clinical pharmacologic characteristics of this drug. This information will be useful in designing clinical trials for newer indications of this drug.
Development of HPV Vaccines for HPV-associated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2003)

High-risk genotypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV type 16, are found in a distinct subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Thus, these HPV-associated HNSCC may be prevented or treated by vaccines designed to induce appropriate HPV virus-specific immune responses. Infection by HPV may be prevented by neutralizing antibodies specific for the viral capsid proteins. In clinical trials, vaccines comprised of HPV virus-like particles (VLPs) have shown great promise as prophylactic HPV vaccines. However, given that capsid proteins are not expressed at detectable levels by infected basal keratinocytes, vaccines with therapeutic potential must target other non-structural viral antigens. Two HPV oncogenic proteins, E6 and E7, are important in the induction and maintenance of cellular transformation and are co-expressed in the majority of HPV-containing carcinomas. Therefore, therapeutic vaccines targeting these proteins may have potential to control HPV-associated malignancies. Various candidate therapeutic HPV vaccines are currently being tested whereby E6 and/or E7 is administered in live vectors, in peptides or protein, in nucleic acid form, as components of chimeric VLPs, or in cell-based vaccines. Encouraging results from experimental vaccination systems in animal models have led to several prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine clinical trials. Should they fulfill their promise, these vaccines may prevent HPV infection or control its potentially life-threatening consequences in humans.
Macromedia的Director 5:家中台式机和Web上的工具 (1996)

Macromedia的Director作为最强有力的专业多媒体开发工具之一,一直享有盛誉。850美元的Version 5提高了效率,从而加强了程序独一无二的开发功能并提供了新的工作组特性。Director 5还可以作为Macromedia 999美元的Director Multimedia Studio 2的一部分来购买。 通观该程序,你会发现其性能得到显著改进,它和公司的其它产品紧密集成,并能访问Internet。 Director的长期用户对于在家中
VLSI implementations of image and video multimedia processing systems (1998)

An overview of very large scale integrated (VLSI) implementations of multimedia processing systems is given with particular emphasis on architectures for image and video processing. Alternative design approaches are discussed for dedicated image and video processing circuits and for programmable multimedia processors. Current design examples of dedicated and programmable architectures are reviewed, and the techniques employed to improve the performance for multimedia processing are therein identified. Future trends in multimedia processing systems are anticipated with respect to current developments in emerging image and video multimedia applications.
Isolation of glycosaminoglycans (heparan sulfate) from glomerular basement membranes (1979)

Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from purified fractions of glomerular basement membranes and partially characterized by chemical analysis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Basement membranes were prepared by detergent treatment of rat glomeruli and subjected to digestion with papain and Pronase. Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from the digests by precipitation with cetyl pyridinium chloride and ethanol. Results of cellulose acetate electrophoresis of the isolated glycosaminoglycan fraction revealed the presence of one major and one minor spot. The major spot was identified as heparan sulfate because it comigrated with the heparan sulfate standard and was sensitive to heparinase and to nitrous acid oxidation but insensitive to chondroitinase ABC and to testicular or leech hyaluronidase. The minor spot was tentatively identified as hyaluronic acid based on its migratory behavior and sensitivity to leech and testicular hyaluronidase. The chemical composition of the isolated glycosaminoglycan was typical of that of heparan sulfate (high carbazole/orcinol ratio, high sulfate content, absence of galactosamine). The data support and confirm the cytochemical data obtained previously [Kanwar, Y. S. & Farquhar, M. G. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 1303-1307] demonstrating that heparan sulfate is the only sulfated glycosaminoglycan detectable in the glomerular basement membrane. The present results suggest that in addition to sulfated glycosaminoglycan some nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan (hyaluronic acid) may also be present in the glomerular basement membrane.
First-in-Human Experience of an Antidote-Controlled Anticoagulant Using RNA Aptamer Technology (2006)

These observations represent a first-in-human experience of an RNA aptamer and its complementary oligonucleotide antidote used as an anticoagulant system. The findings contribute to an emerging platform of selective, actively reversible anticoagulant drugs for use among patients with thrombotic disorders of the venous and arterial circulations.
Management of Replicated Volume Location Data in the Ficus Replicated File System. (1991)

Mesenchymal stem cells are the new generation of medicine for treating numerous vascular diseases and tissue defects because of their ability to secrete therapeutic factors. Poor cellular survival in an oxidative diseased tissue, however, hinders the therapeutic efficacy. To this end, we hypothesized that tethering the surface of stem cells with colloidal particles capable of discharging antioxidant cargos in response to elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) would maintain survival and therapeutic activity of the stem cells. We examined this hypothesis by encapsulating epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and manganese oxide (MnO<sub>2</sub>) nanocatalysts into particles comprising poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-block-hyaluronic acid. The MnO<sub>2</sub> nanocatalysts catalyzed the decomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> into oxygen gas, which increased the internal pressure of particles and accelerated the release of EGCG by 1.5-fold. Consequently, stem cells exhibited 1.2-fold higher metabolic activity and 2.8-fold higher secretion level of pro-angiogenic factor in sub-lethal H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentrations. These stem cells, in turn, performed a greater angiogenic potential with doubled number of newly formed mature blood vessels. We envisage that the results of this study will contribute to improving the therapeutic efficacy of a wide array of stem cells.
Stool DNA Screening for Colorectal Cancer (2010)

General adoption of the screening tests for colorectal cancer (CRC) by patients, health care professionals, medical centers, and third party payers rests on a favorable assessment of value. Reported cost-effectiveness estimates of stool DNA testing for CRC screening incorporated performance assumptions based on data from the first generation tests. Given the substantial technical advances in stool DNA testing that have occurred subsequently, estimates of value will need to be revisited. This review briefly examines the early cost-effectiveness estimates for stool DNA screening and looks ahead at how the next generation tests might improve such value estimates for CRC screening.