gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A DEFT Approach to Trend-Based Foresight (2010)

Trend projection is a critical element of most forecasting models.Automatic forecasting methods typically glean trends from past data and extrapolate these trends forward, but do so without consideration of the forces that nurture the trend -and that eventually may turn on it.A DEFT framework identifies mechanisms to probe behind the trend to identify its underlying: Drivers, the forces that create and sustain a trend; Enablers, catalysts such as financial support for the Drivers; Friction, resistance or inertia that impedes a trend; Turners, events and policies that actively block a trend.Understanding a trend as a reflection of underlying driving and blocking forces reveals why trends are capable of their sudden surprises and reversals.Although actively looking behind the numbers makes for less immediately quantifiable foresight, it is a necessary price to pay to avoid gross forecast error.DEFT does for trend projections what SWOT analysis provides for strategic planning.It offers a framework for organizing and analyzing factors that will promote and retard the success of our endeavors.
The Effect of Hyperthermia on Hemopoietic Progenitor Cells of the Mouse (1983)

We have studied the effect of heat on four lineage-specific clonogenic cells from mouse bone marrow. The thermal sensitivities of two red cell precursors, one primitive (BFU-E) and one more differentiated (CFU-E), a granulocyte-macrophage precursor (CFU-GM), and a megakaryocyte precursor (CFU-M) were determined after exposure to 42, 43, and 44 degrees C. We found that the erythroid precursors were much more heat sensitive than either the CFU-GM or CFU-M. At 42 degrees C the CFU-E and BFU-E had a D0 of about 30 min, while the CFU-GM and CFU-M had D0 values of about 60 min. Thus the four progenitors could be divided into two distinct classes with respect to their sensitivity to hyperthermia. These results suggest that erythropoiesis is more likely to be suppressed than either thrombopoiesis or leukocyte production when hyperthermia is applied in a clinical setting.
A City Health Officer (1985)

A Regional Aboriginal Health Liaison Officer believes that there is a general improvement of health standards among Aboriginal population around the Fremantle and Kwinana areas. As a worker, he has contributed to the improvement through his duties of assisting in the orientation of new health workers and advising the Staff Development Unit on providing suitable health education material for the Aboriginal community in the metropolitan areas.
Study of Irreversible Capacities for Li Insertion in Hard and Graphitic Carbons (1997)

The irreversible capacity of carbon electrodes for lithium is a critical parameter which must be minimized in practical Li ion cells. This paper reports studies of the origin of the irreversible capacity in high‐capacity carbons derived from sugar, and for comparison, in graphitic carbons made from mesocarbon microbeads. Tablet electrodes (∼0.4 mm thick) of sugar carbon or of mesocarbon microbeads (mixed with 10% pitch) were prepared by pyrolysis of the precursors at 1050°C under a vacuum of about 10 mTorr. Tablets exposed to different gases were used in carbon/Li coin cells, in order to study the effect of different gas exposures on irreversible capacities, Cirr, for Li insertion. Carbon electrodes exposed only to argon or nitrogen demonstrated a dramatic reduction in irreversible capacity: Cirr ≈ 50 and 10 mAh/g for sugar carbon and mesocarbon microbead tablet cells, respectively, compared to Cirr ≈ 180 and 30 mAh/g for the corresponding conventional doctor‐blade spread electrode cells where the electrodes had been exposed to laboratory air for several days. Tablet electrodes were also exposed to , water, steam, and air, respectively, for different periods of time. Tablets exposed to each of these reactive gases showed a dramatic increase in irreversible capacity. The irreversible capacity for hard carbons results from two sources: (i) electrolyte decomposition on nominally clean carbon surfaces and (ii) reactions with surface groups which form on carbons exposed to reactive gases. The amount of irreversible capacity from the latter source depends on the gas exposure time and involves reactions with species such as hydroxyl, carboxyl functional groups, or adsorbed water.
Isolation of an Arabidopsis mutant lacking vitamin E and identification of a cyclase essential for all tocopherol biosynthesis (2002)

Tocopherol (vitamin E) is a plant chloroplast lipid presumed to be involved in the response to oxidative stress. A tocopherol-deficient mutant (vte1) was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana by using a TLC-based screening approach. Mutant plants lacked all four tocopherol forms and were deficient in tocopherol cyclase activity. Genetic mapping of vte1 and a genomics-based approach led to the identification of the ORF At4g32770 as a candidate gene for tocopherol cyclase. In vte1, At4g32770 contains a splicing site mutation and the corresponding mRNA expression is reduced. Expression of VTE1 in Escherichia coli resulted in the production of a protein with high tocopherol cyclase and tocotrienol cyclase activity. The VTE1 sequence shows no similarities to genes with known function, but is similar to that of SXD1, a gene that was recently isolated based on the availability of the sucrose export defective1 maize mutant (sxd1). Growth of the vte1 mutant, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic quantum yield were similar to wild type under optimal growth conditions. Therefore, absence of tocopherol has no large impact on photosynthesis or plant viability, suggesting that other antioxidants can compensate for the loss of tocopherol. During photo-oxidative stress, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic quantum yield were slightly reduced in vte1 as compared with wild type indicating a potential role for tocopherol in maintaining an optimal photosynthesis rate under high-light stress.
Liver-specific Gene Inactivation of the Transcription Factor ATF4 Alleviates Alcoholic Liver Steatosis in Mice (2016)

Although numerous biological functions of the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) have been identified, a direct effect of ATF4 on alcoholic liver steatosis has not been described previously. The aim of our current study is to investigate the role of ATF4 in alcoholic liver steatosis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Here, we showed that the expression of ATF4 is induced by ethanol in hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo, and liver-specific ATF4 knock-out mice are resistant to ethanol-induced liver steatosis, associated with stimulated hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated AMPK knockdown significantly reversed the suppressive effects of ATF4 deficiency on ethanol-induced liver steatosis in mice. In addition, ethanol-fed ATF4 knock-out mice exhibit AMPK-dependent inhibition of fatty acid synthase and stimulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) in the liver. Moreover, hepatic Tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) expression was stimulated by ethanol in an ATF4-dependent manner, and adenovirus-mediated TRB3 knockdown blocked ATF4-dependent ethanol-induced AMPK inhibition and triglyceride accumulation in AML-12 cells. Finally, TRB3 directly interacted with AMPK to suppress its phosphorylation. Taken together, these results identify the ATF4-TRB3-AMPK axis as a novel pathway responsible for ethanol-induced liver steatosis.
Vibrational wave packets in the B 1Πu and D 1Σu+ states of Cs2: Determination of improved Cs2+(X) and Cs2(B) spectroscopic constants (2000)

Vibrational wave packets in the B 1Πu and D 1Σu+ excited states of Cs2 have been studied on the ∼100 fs time scale by pump–probe laser spectroscopy. The temporal behavior of the wave packets was monitored by photoionizing the electronically excited molecule with a time-delayed probe pulse and recording the time and energy-integrated photoelectron signal as a function of time delay between the pump and probe pulses. For the B 1Σu+ experiments, wave packets were produced by exciting the B 1Σu+←X 1Σg+ transition in the ∼740–790 nm region and subsequently detected by photoionizing the molecule at wavelengths between 565 nm and 600 nm. By simulating the experimentally observed transients with the density matrix formalism (and explicitly accounting for laser chirp and |Δv|&amp;gt;1 coherences), improved values for the equilibrium internuclear separation for the Cs2(B 1Πu) state and Te for the Cs2+(X) state were determined to be Re(B 1Πu)=4.93±0.03 Å and Te[Cs2+(X)]=29 930±100 cm−1, respectively. Similar experiments were conducted for the D 1Σu+ state. Wave packets composed of vibrational levels (v′≈40–50) perturbed by the bound 2 3Πou state were produced on the D 1Σu+ potential surface by driving the D 1Σu+←X 1Σg+ transition in the 575–610 nm spectral interval.
Linking outcomes management to quality-of-life measurement. (1997)

Health-care workers now accept quality of life (QOL) as an important outcome to evaluate in clinical research and as a useful measure of quality care. Indeed, current demand for QOL assessment in clinical practice has outpaced the availability of valid, streamlined, cost-effective methods for carrying out such assessment, although new tools are in the offing. This paper will highlight some of the major challenges facing outcomes management and outcomes research, with particular focus on the development of a QOL instrument to evaluate and manage anemia and fatigue in cancer patients--the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An). The newest version of broader QOL assessment system, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT), will also be described.
Polysaccharide of Cordyceps sinensis Enhances Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer H157 Cell Line (2011)

The current study indicates that the polysaccharide of CS inhibits tumor growth in NSCLC and that CS may be a potential adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent in NSCLC therapy.
Evidence for similar biochemical requirements for bioluminescence among the coelenterates (1973)

Abstract We present evidence that the chemical requirements among all the bioluminescent coelenterates that have been examined are very similar or identical to those already described for Renilla by Cormier and associates. Components required for luminescence in Renilla were also found in a number of bioluminescent coelenterates examined such as Aequorea, Obelia, Cavernularia, Ptilosarcus, Stylatula, Acanthoptilum, Parazoanthus and Mnemiopsis. Depending on the organism these include one or more of the following: luciferyl sulfate, luciferase, and luciferin sulfokinase. These isolated components were found to be indistinguishable from those found in Renilla as evidenced by their reactivity in the Renilla bioluminescent system, by the spectral characteristics of the isolated luciferyl sulfates, by the molecular weights of the luciferases, and by the colors of the bioluminescence produced in vitro.
Imatinib Mesylate (Gleevec) Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth through a Mechanism Dependent on Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α and Akt Inactivation (2004)

Our data indicate that Imatinib mesylate inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells through PDGFR inactivation. In addition, our results suggest that constitutive Akt activation modulates sensitivity to Imatinib in ovarian cancer cells.
Transition-Metal-Mediated Direct C–H Amination of Hydrocarbons with Amine Reactants: The Most Desirable but Challenging C–N Bond-Formation Approach (2016)

Cross-dehydrogenative couplings (CDCs) have become one of the most straightforward protocols in the C–H bond functionalizations, showing step- and atom-efficiency without need of prefunctionalization of substrates and reactants. However, catalytic C–H amination procedures based on the CDC strategy by employing amine reactants are considered to be challenging mainly due to the highly nucleophilic character of parent amines to inhibit the catalytic turnovers and the difficulty in optimizing proper oxidative conditions. In spite of these concerns, recent efforts have led to notable advances in the C–H amination procedures, particularly in the intermolecular reaction system. In this Perspective, we address the recent achievements in the transition-metal-mediated CDC amination reactions with two types of hydrocarbon substrates: (i) direct amination of acidic C–H bonds with parent amines and (ii) chelation-assisted CDC amination/amidation of nonacidic C–H bonds. Mechanistic aspects are also briefly delineated in representative amination reactions to provide insights for the future development of highly practical and more environmentally benign processes.
Gene therapy for haemophilia (2008)

The ultimate goal of gene therapy is the replacement of a defective gene sequence with a corrected version to eliminate disease for the lifetime of the patient. This challenging task is not yet accomplished, however significant progress is evident. An initial spate of clinical trials attempting the treatment of haemophilia with gene transfer primarily resulted in the demonstration of good safety profiles, but without efficacy. Subsequent reengineering of vector plasmids and delivery systems resulted in markedly improved outcomes in animal models of the disease. The most recent clinical trial for the treatment of haemophilia B with gene transfer showed transient achievement of efficacy in the highest dose cohort tested, but also exposed a previously hidden barrier to the future success of these treatments. The progress and problems of gene therapies for haemorrhagic disorders will be discussed. This review will concentrate on approaches in or near clinical application.
Formation-Based Tracking Method for Human Following Robot (2018)

Mobile robots are widely used in real-world applications, and the interactions between a person and a robot are important. Following a person is one of the interaction functions of mobile robots. To implement this function, most robots track the person from behind. In this case, the person experiences two inconveniences. First, the person often looks back to check whether the robot is following her or him well. Second, it is difficult to operate the robot immediately. In this study, we develop a method that helps a robot follow a person without these inconveniences. A set of candidate goal positions are determined based on the location of a person and the density of obstacles. These positions include a preferred location and a safe location. The robot tracks the goal position that is decided by considering obstacles around itself. This method was tested in a simulation environment. Two performance metrics were defined, and the effectiveness of this method was verified using the metrics.
Neurosteroid Analogues. 4. The Effect of Methyl Substitution at the C-5 and C-10 Positions of Neurosteroids on Electrophysiological Activity at GABAA Receptors (1996)

A series of analogues of the neuroactive steroids 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one were studied to elucidate the mode of binding of 5 alpha-and 5 beta-reduced steroids to steroid binding sites on GABAA receptors. Analogues which were either 3 alpha-hydroxy-20-ketosteroids or 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid-17 beta-carbonitriles and which contained various methyl group substitution patterns at C-5 and C-10 were prepared. Evaluations utilized whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiological methods carried out on cultured rat hippocampal neurons, and the results obtained with the rigid 17 beta-carbonitrile analogs were analyzed using molecular modeling methods. The molecular modeling results provide a rationale for the observation that the configuration of the hydroxyl group at C-3 is a greater determinant of anesthetic potency than the configuration of the A,B ring fusion at C-5. The electrophysiological results identify steric restrictions for the space that can be occupied in 5 alpha- and 5 beta-reduced steroid modulators of GABAA receptors in the regions of space proximate to the steroid C-5, C-10, and possibly C-4 positions. This information is useful for the development of nonsteroidal analogues that can modulate GABAA receptors via interactions at steroid binding sites.
Supported molecular catalysts: metal complexes and clusters on oxides and zeolites (2003)

When metal complexes and clusters are bonded to oxide or zeolite supports, they may combine the technological advantages of solid catalysts (robustness for high-temperature operation, lack of corrosiveness, ease of separation from products) with the selectivity of soluble molecular catalysts. Supported mononuclear metal complexes are typically synthesized by the reaction of a mononuclear organometallic compound with oxygen atoms or OH groups of the support, giving structures shown by infrared, X-ray absorption, and NMR spectroscopies and density functional theory to be analogous to those of molecular species, but with the support playing the role of a multidentate ligand, bonding strongly to the metal and holding the groups apart from each other on the support surface. Some supported metal complexes have new and unexpected catalytic activities. Supported metal clusters are formed by adsorption or surface-mediated synthesis of metal carbonyl clusters, which under some conditions may be decarbonylated on the support with the metal frame remaining essentially intact. The decarbonylated clusters are bonded to the supports by metal–oxygen bonds similar to those characterizing supported metal complexes; even noble metals in clusters on supports at the metal–support interface are cationic, and the metal–oxygen distances are about 2.1–2.2 Å, matching the distances in mononuclear metal complexes with metal–oxygen bonds. Metal clusters are preferentially bonded at defect sites on oxide surfaces. The catalytic activities of supported metal clusters of only a few atoms are distinct from those of bulk metals; the supports act as ligands affecting the catalysis.
Critical Roles for Both STAT1-Dependent and STAT1-Independent Pathways in the Control of Primary Dengue Virus Infection in Mice (2005)

Dengue virus (DEN), a flavivirus, causes dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome, the most common mosquito-borne viral illnesses in humans worldwide. In this study, using STAT1(-/-) mice bearing two different mutant stat1 alleles in the 129/Sv/Ev background, we demonstrate that IFNR-dependent control of primary DEN infection involves both STAT1-dependent and STAT1-independent mechanisms. The STAT1 pathway is necessary for clearing the initial viral load, whereas the STAT1-independent pathway controls later viral burden and prevents DEN disease in mice. The STAT1-independent responses in mice with primary DEN infection included the early activation of B and NK cells as well as the up-regulation of MHC class I molecules on macrophages and dendritic cells. Infection of bone marrow-derived dendritic cell cultures with either DEN or Sindbis virus, another positive-strand RNA virus, confirmed the early vs late natures of the STAT1-dependent and STAT1-independent pathways. Collectively, these data begin to define the nature of the STAT1-dependent vs the STAT1-independent pathway in vivo.
N-methylnalorphine: definition of N-allyl conformation for antagonism at the opiate receptor (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-methylnalorphine: definition of N-allyl conformation for antagonism at the opiate receptorRyszard J. Kobylecki, Anthony C. Lane, Colin F. C. Smith, Laurence P. G. Wakelin, William B. T. Cruse, Ernst Egert, and Olga KennardCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1982, 25, 11, 1278–1280Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00353a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00353a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Natural killer cell-dependent suppression of systemic spread of human lung adenocarcinoma cells by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene transfection in severe combined immunodeficient mice. (2000)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine with various biological activities, including augmentation of cytotoxic activity of monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. The present study was undertaken to determine whether transfection of the MCP-1 gene into lung cancer cells affected their tumorigenicity and metastatic potential by the NK cell-mediated mechanism. The human MCP-1 gene inserted into an expression vector (BCMGSNeo) was transfected into human lung adenocarcinoma (PC-14) cells. There was no difference in in vitro proliferation between MCP-1 gene-transfected PC-14 cells and the parent cells or mock-transfected cells. The tumorigenicity and in vivo tumor growth of MCP-1 gene-transfected PC-14 cells were similar to those of the parent cells or mock-transfected cells when tumor cells were injected into the s.c. space of NK cell-intact severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Although parent cells and mock-transfected cells inoculated i.v. formed lung metastatic colonies and pleural effusion, MCP-1 gene transfectants reduced the systemic spread in NK cell-intact SCID mice. Interestingly, these modulations in a systemic spread by MCP-1 gene transfection were not observed in NK cell-depleted SCID mice. Decreased survival of MCP-1 gene transfectants in the lung was observed in NK cell-intact SCID mice but not in NK cell-depleted SCID mice. Recombinant MCP-1 or the supernatant of MCP-1 gene transfectants enhanced the cytotoxicity of human CD56+ NK cells and spleen cells of SCID mice against PC-14 cells. These findings suggest that locally produced MCP-1 suppresses tumor progression by a NK cell-mediated mechanism, depending on organ microenvironment.