gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liver Transplantation with Use of Cyclosporin a and Prednisone (1981)

THE difficulties in consistently prolonging survival after orthotopic liver transplantation have been documented by us1 and by Calne.2 In this report we describe a new trial of orthotopic liver transplantation in 14 patients who were scheduled to be treated with cyclosporin A and prednisone. Two patients died during the operation. Ten (83 per cent) of the 12 patients who survived surgery and received the drugs are living after eight to 14 1/2 months; another lived for a year, before dying of a recurrence of cholangiocarcinoma.Although longer follow-up periods and more case studies will be required to establish the safety . . .
Information visualization and visual data mining (2002)

Never before in history has data been generated at such high volumes as it is today. Exploring and analyzing the vast volumes of data is becoming increasingly difficult. Information visualization and visual data mining can help to deal with the flood of information. The advantage of visual data exploration is that the user is directly involved in the data mining process. There are a large number of information visualization techniques which have been developed over the last decade to support the exploration of large data sets. In this paper, we propose a classification of information visualization and visual data mining techniques which is based on the data type to be visualized, the visualization technique, and the interaction and distortion technique. We exemplify the classification using a few examples, most of them referring to techniques and systems presented in this special section.
Etanercept Treatment for Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease: Results of a Pilot Placebo-Controlled Study (2005)

The results of this pilot trial demonstrate that etanercept 25 mg twice weekly for 8 weeks was no better than placebo for treatment of AIED in this patient population.
Stimulation with 4-1BB (CD137) inhibits chronic graft-versus-host disease by inducing activation-induced cell death of donor CD4+ T cells (2004)

4-1BB, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is a costimulator for activated T cells. Previous studies have established that treatment with agonistic anti-4-BB monoclonal antibody (3H3) is effective in reversing the progression of spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus. Its therapeutic effect is mediated by suppression of autoantibody production. In this report, we show that a single injection of 3H3 blocks chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) in the parent-into-F1 model. In particular, donor CD4+ T cells are rapidly eliminated from host spleens by activation-induced cell death after 4-1BB triggering. Since donor CD4+ T cells are required for the development of cGVHD, and 3H3-mediated inhibition of autoantibody production occurs without donor CD8+ T cells, 3H3 blocks cGVHD by preventing alloreactive donor CD4+ T cells from activating host B cells. Importantly, 3H3 treatment can reverse the progression of advanced cGVHD. Our findings indicate that agonistic anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody has potential as an immunotherapeutic agent for preventing and treating cGVHD.
Functional evaluation of bone marrow derived DC of tumor bearing mice after immunotherapy (2006)

Objective To evaluate the function of bone marrow derived DC of tumor bearing mice after immunotherapy.Methods Tumor bearing mice were immunized with DC vaccine plus injection of agonistic anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibody.The proliferation of T cells primed with bone marrow derived DC of tumor bearing mice after immunotherapy was tested by ~3H-TdR incorporation.ELISA was employed to detemine the levels of IL-2,IFN-γ and IL-10 secreted by DC primed T cells.Results Bone marrow derived DC of tumor bearing mice was less efficient in stimulating the proliferation of T cells and IL-2 and IFN-γ secretionmade by T cells.After immunotherapy,the proliferation of cells and IL-2 and IFN-γ secretionmade by T cells were enhanced.Conclusion The function of bone marrow derived DC of tumor bearing mice after immunotherapy was ameliorated.
Scalability of SOI technology into 0.13 μm 1.2 V CMOS generation (2002)

The scalability of SOI CMOS technology into the low voltage high performance regime and its comparison with bulk CMOS technology is presented. Based on ring oscillator performance, the 0.13 /spl mu/m SOI CMOS technology can achieve more than 25% faster speed and/or 50% less active power compared to a similar bulk technology.
Identification and neutralization of biological activities in the venoms of Loxosceles spiders. (1996)

The biological activities of the venom of three species of spiders of the genus Loxosceles were studied (L. gaucho, L. laeta and L. intermedia). The dermonecrotic and lethal activities are shared by all three Loxosceles venoms. Only low levels of proteolytic, myotoxic and phospholipase A2 activities were demonstrable even when a large amount of venom was used. No direct hemolytic activity was detected. L. intermedia venom was the most lethal (LD50 0.48 mg/kg), the L. laeta venom was the least lethal (LD50 1.45 mg/kg) whereas L. gaucho venom showed an intermediate value (LD50 0.74 mg/kg). The anti-Loxosceles serum used (anti-arachnidic serum) was able to neutralize the most important activities (i.e., dermonecrotic and lethal activities) of the three venoms. SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using the anti-arachnidic serum showed that almost all venom antigens were recognized by this antiserum. The possible mechanisms of action of the Loxosceles venom are discussed.
Synthesis and Mesomorphic Characteristic of Bicyclo-(2,2,2)Octane Derivatives with the -NCS Terminal Group (1990)

Abstract Compounds containing in their molecule an alkyl substituted bicyclo(2,2,2)octane ring and the phenylisothiocyanato group bonded to it directly or via bridging group such as -COO-, -OCO-, -CH2-CH2- or -CH2O- have been synthesized. The phase transition temperatures, melting enthalpies and viscosities of these compounds have been determined and their suitability as components of nematic mixtures has been tested.
The Effect of Rapeseed Oil Uptake on the Production of Erythromycin and Triketide Lactone by Saccharopolyspora erythraea (1999)

Saccharopolyspora erythraea was grown in an oil-based process medium at two different laboratory scales. The initial concentration of rapeseed oil in the medium was shown not to affect the growth, while addition of oil significantly increased erythromycin A production. Increasing the agitation speed at the 2 L scale increased the growth of the culture and the production of erythromycin A but had little effect on the level of oil remaining in the fermentation. Maximum oil utilization of 50% (w/w) was obtained in both 2 and 7 L cultures. Gas chromatography analysis of the process medium showed that there was no accumulation of fatty acids and glycerides during the fermentations. The specific oil utilization by the recombinant strain of S. erythraea was significantly lower compared to the wild-type strain grown at the same scale and initial oil concentration; the recombinant strain also produced lower concentrations of the novel polyketide, triketide lactone.
FURTHER EXTRACELLULAR DARWINIAN EXPERIMENTS WITH REPLICATING RNA MOLECULES: DIVERSE VARIANTS ISOLATED UNDER DIFFERENT SELECTIVE CONDITIONS (1969)

Experiments are described which demonstrate that it is possible to isolate in vitro a variety of mutant RNA molecules which exhibit qualitatively distinguishable phenotypes. The results suggest that precellular evolution could have involved selective forces of previously unsuspected diversity and subtlety. Suitable adjustment of the selective conditions leads to the isolation of variants optimally designed to compete successfully with the original viral nucleic acid. One of the properties that can be built into the variants is resistance to the presence of inhibitory analogues of the normal riboside triphosphates. Potentially, such variants could be used as antiviral devices in conjunction with the more usual chemotherapeutic agents.
Chitosan supports the expression of extracellular matrix proteins in human osteoblasts and chondrocytes (2000)

The search for biocompatible materials that can support the growth and phenotypic expression of osteoblasts and chondrocytes is a major challenge in the application of tissue engineering techniques for the repair of bone and cartilage defects. Chitosan, a copolymer of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine, may provide an answer to this search. Chitosan is the deacetylated product of chitin, a ubiquitous biopolymer found in the exoskeleton of insects and marine invertebrates. Little is known about the utility of chitosan in propagating human osteoblasts and chondrocytes. In this study, we test the hypothesis that chitosan promotes the survival and function of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Chitosan (4%, w/v in 2% HAc) was coated onto plastic coverslips that had been fitted into 24-well plates. Human osteoblasts and articular chondrocytes were seeded on either uncoated or chitosan-coated coverslips at 1 x 10(5)/cells per well. Cultures were incubated at 37 degrees C, 5% CO(2) for a period of 7 days. Cell viability was assessed at that time using a fluorescent molecular probe. The phenotypic expression of osteoblasts and chondrocytes was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. Osteoblasts and chondrocytes appeared spherical and refractile on chitosan-coated coverslips. In contrast, greater than 90% of cells on plastic coverslips were elongated and spindle shaped after 7 days of culture. Similar to cells propagated on uncoated control wells, greater than 90% of human osteoblasts and chondrocytes propagated on chitosan remained viable. Human osteoblasts propagated on chitosan films continued to express collagen type I whereas chondrocytes expressed collagen type II and aggrecan, as shown by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunostaining. The present in vitro work demonstrates the biocompatibility of chitosan as a substrate for the growth and continued function of human osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Chitosan may have potential use as a tissue engineering tool for the repair of osseous and chondral defects.
Opportunities and Challenges in the World of Retailing and the Importance of Adaption to the New Markets (2015)

Global retailing is a sizzling topic nowadays as retailing has evolved into a global, high-tech industry that plays an important role in the global economy. This leads to a trend of the retailing activities practiced by many of retailers to look for expansion in new locations around the world in order to gain more profit and bigger market share. This paper will be discussing the global retailers and their global franchise opportunities as well as the diverse offer and technology for global expansion. On the other hand, the challenges faced by global retailers in international expansion are also discussed in this paper. Lastly, it is important for global retailers to recognize on how to get the globalization right in order to be a successful global retailer.
A Multi Media Approach to the Teaching of Oral Skills (1985)

This paper considers the role of audio and video recordings in the UMSEP’s materials. Audio and video recordings are part and parcel of the UMSEP teaching materials are to be regarded as an enhancement and as lids to the teaching programme and not as independent programmes in themselves. Their use has been carefully integrated with the printed materials to make the learning/teaching process more effective and certainly more motivating for students.
Toll-Like Receptor Triggering and T-Cell Costimulation Induce Potent Antitumor Immunity in Mice (2009)

PURPOSE: To determine the antitumor activity of a novel combination of two immunomodulatory agents that simultaneously direct multiple components of immunity against cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We combined the Toll-like receptor agonist CpG 1826 with a T-cell costimulatory antibody specific for CD137 in an optimal treatment route and dosing schedule against established tumors in two mouse models. Mechanistic insight was gained using gene-deficient mice and cell-depleting antibodies. RESULTS: The combination was shown to eradicate tumors in a large proportion of mice. Crucial roles for CD8(+) T cells, natural killer cells, and IFNs were shown. CpG and anti-CD137 injection led to activation of dendritic cells and optimal expansion of activated T cells in the blood. Macrophages were not necessary for therapeutic effect, and indeed depletion of macrophages in vivo enhanced therapy leading to tumor rejection in 100% of mice, which has not been previously reported in the immunotherapeutic setting. Long-term surviving mice were resistant to tumor rechallenge, demonstrating immunologic memory. In addition, we show, for the first time, that mice lacking B cells have a total loss of a recall response against tumor, suggesting a role for B cells in the induction of antitumor immunologic memory. CONCLUSION: This study provides support for the use of a novel combination of immunomodulatory agents stimulating multiple facets of immunity for the effective immunotherapy of cancer. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7624-33).
Radiofrequency Ablation vs Antiarrhythmic Drugs as First-line Treatment of Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation (2005)

Pulmonary vein isolation appears to be a feasible first-line approach for treating patients with symptomatic AF. Larger studies are needed to confirm its safety and efficacy.
OvMark: a user-friendly system for the identification of prognostic biomarkers in publically available ovarian cancer gene expression datasets (2014)

OvMark is a powerful tool for examining putative gene/miRNA prognostic biomarkers in ovarian cancer (available at http://glados.ucd.ie/OvMark/index.html). The impact of this tool will be in the preliminary assessment of putative biomarkers in ovarian cancer, particularly for research groups with limited bioinformatics facilities.
Programmable Finger-Tracking Instrument Controllers (1990)

Traditionally, the controls of a musical instrument have been mechanically connected to its sound generators. It is well known that electrical couplings may be used instead of mechanical ones, and that digital instead of analog connections may be used. The freedom of not having the controls mechanically constrained to the means of sound production brings a corresponding burden. What form should the controls now take? Knowledge of the practice of music, psychoacoustics, ergonomics, sensing technologies, design, computer science, and economics can all be brought to bear on the question; common sense and personal taste also play a large role. Our interest in instrument control has led us to
MRI-Guided Laser-Induced Interstitial Thermotherapy of Cerebral Neoplasms (1994)

Our results demonstrate that MRI is feasible and effective in monitoring LITT. However, the role of LITT in the therapeutic workup of brain tumors still has to be defined in future clinical studies.
Long-term storable and shippable lipid bilayer membrane platform (2008)

The fragility and short lifetimes characteristic of conventionally formed lipid bilayer membranes has necessitated their preparation to be at the time and point of use. By using high freezing-point lipid-solvent mixtures, the process of lipid bilayer self-assembly may be reversibly arrested. In solid form, the bilayer precursor can be stored indefinitely and is sufficiently robust to withstand commercial shipping. Upon thawing, bilayer self-assembly resumes, resulting in a biologically functional membrane. Combination of this membrane precursor with an inexpensive chip results in a compact, practical, and disposable platform for ion channel measurements.
An MHC anchor‐substituted analog of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35–55 induces IFN‐γ and autoantibodies in the absence of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and optic neuritis (2004)

Previous strategies to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) include the treatment of autoreactive T cells with altered peptide ligands, which contain amino acid substitutions at TCR contact residues. We recently showed that a variant of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 possessing low affinity for MHC (45D) induced anergy in MOG 35-55-specific T cells and reduced their encephalitogenicity upon adoptive transfer. Here we investigate the characteristics of the primary immune response to this MHC anchor-substituted peptide. Overall, we observed that immunization with 45D resulted in the production of IFN-gamma and anti-MOG 35-55 autoantibodies at levels similar to those of MOG 35-55-immunized mice with active EAE. However, no symptoms of clinical or histological EAE or overt histological optic neuritis were observed in 45D-immunized mice. Consistent with this finding, 45D-immunized mice did not exhibit CD4(+) infiltrates into the CNS. Therefore, MOG 35-55-specific precursors stimulated with a weak ligand (45D) mediate some EAE-associated effector functions but are unable to fully initiate the inflammatory process in the central nervous system that leads to clinical manifestation of EAE.
Controlling Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gene Expression by Unnatural Peptides (1999)

Small unnatural peptides that target specific RNA structures have the potential to control biological processes. RNA-protein interactions are important in many cellular functions, including transcription, RNA splicing, and translation. One example of such interactions is the mechanism of trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression that requires the interaction of Tat protein with the trans-activation responsive region (TAR) RNA, a 59-base stem-loop structure located at the 5'-end of all nascent HIV-1 transcripts. We report here a synthetic peptide derived from Tat sequence (37-72), containing all D-amino acids, that binds in the major groove of TAR RNA and interferes with transcriptional activation by Tat protein in vitro and in HeLa cells. Our results indicate that unnatural peptides can inhibit the transcription of specific genes regulated by RNA-protein interactions.
Short echo time MR spectroscopic imaging of the lung parenchyma (2002)

Short echo time MR spectroscopic imaging of the lung parenchyma was demonstrated in normal volunteers. This method may improve proton imaging of the lungs and add specificity to the diagnosis of pulmonary disease.
Temperature profile of a silicon-on-insulator multilayer structure in silicon recrystallization with incoherent light source (1984)

A one-dimensional distribution of the temperature and the heat source in the SOI (silicon-on-insulator) multilayer structure illuminated by tungsten lamps from both sides was obtained by solving the heat equation in steady state on a finite difference grid using a successive over-relaxation method. The heat source distribution was obtained by considering such features as spectral components of the light source, multiple reflection at the internal interfaces, temperature and frequency dependence of the light absorption coefficient, etc. The front and back surface temperatures, which are boundary conditions for the heat equation, were derived from a requirement that they satisfy the radiation conditions. The radiation flux as well as the conduction flux was considered in modeling the thermal behavior at the internal interfaces. Since the temperature and the heat source profiles are strongly dependent upon each other, the calculation of each profile was iterated using the updated profile of the other until they were consistent with each other.
Amino terminus of the yeast GAL4 gene product is sufficient for nuclear localization. (1984)

We have studied the intracellular compartmentalization in yeast of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase bearing heterologous amino acid sequences at its amino terminus. Chimeras containing as few as 74 NH2-terminal amino acids of GAL4, a yeast positive regulatory protein, at the amino terminus accumulate in the cell nucleus. This and other results are consistent with the proposal that the GAL4 gene product mediates positive control by binding to DNA and that the information for nuclear localization resides in its amino terminus. The amino acid sequence of the GAL4 amino terminus does not agree with the previously proposed consensus sequences responsible for nuclear localization. The beta-galactosidase activity in cells bearing the non-nuclear chimeric proteins is 10-fold greater than in cells bearing chimeric proteins that specifically concentrate in the nucleus.
Arginine Catabolism and the Arginine Succinyltransferase Pathway in Escherichia coli (1998)

Arginine catabolism produces ammonia without transferring nitrogen to another compound, yet the only known pathway of arginine catabolism in Escherichia coli (through arginine decarboxylase) does not produce ammonia. Our aims were to find the ammonia-producing pathway of arginine catabolism in E. coli and to examine its function. We showed that the only previously described pathway of arginine catabolism, which does not produce ammonia, accounted for only 3% of the arginine consumed. A search for another arginine catabolic pathway led to discovery of the ammonia-producing arginine succinyltransferase (AST) pathway in E. coli. Nitrogen limitation induced this pathway in both E. coli and Klebsiella aerogenes, but the mechanisms of activation clearly differed in these two organisms. We identified the E. coli gene for succinylornithine aminotransferase, the third enzyme of the AST pathway, which appears to be the first of an astCADBE operon. Its disruption prevented arginine catabolism, impaired ornithine utilization, and affected the synthesis of all the enzymes of the AST pathway. Disruption of astB eliminated succinylarginine dihydrolase activity and prevented arginine utilization but did not impair ornithine catabolism. Overproduction of AST enzymes resulted in faster growth with arginine and aspartate. We conclude that the AST pathway is necessary for aerobic arginine catabolism in E. coli and that at least one enzyme of this pathway contributes to ornithine catabolism.
The need for a worldwide consensus for cell line authentication: Experience implementing a mandatory requirement at the International Journal of Cancer (2017)

Cell lines are used in life science research worldwide as biological surrogates. All cell lines are subject to major limitations when used as research tools, including (i) cross-contamination with other cells cultured in the same laboratory environment and (ii) evolution in vitro that renders a given cell line inappropriate as a surrogate for a specific biological hypothesis. There is ample evidence that cross-contamination or phenotypic drift of cells in culture can generate irreproducible or misleading data. A small number of scientific journals-the International Journal of Cancer being at the forefront-and funding agencies have recently moved forward to ask for obligatory cell line authentication data. The history of implementing such rules by the International Journal of Cancer exemplifies the difficulties encountered when installing mandatory quality measures in life sciences.