gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sympathetic nerve discharge in chronic spinal cat (1982)

A study was made of external carotid, renal, and splanchnic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) in chloralose-anesthetized cats subjected to transection of the sixth cervical spinal segment 2-37 days earlier. Minimal activity was observed under normocapnic conditions 2 days after spinal transection, and ganglionic blockade failed to lower blood pressure. Moderate hypercapnia increased SND and led to synchronization of activity into 1-6 cycle/s slow waves. Such slow-wave activity was present under normocapnic conditions in cats 9-37 days after spinal transection. Ganglionic blockade significantly reduced blood pressure in these preparations. The interval between successive 1-6 cycle/s slow waves was variable. Thus, unlike the case in baroreceptor-denervated cats with an intact neuraxis [Barman and Gebber, Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 8): R42-R47, 1980], chronic spinal cats are incapable of rhythm generation in the 1-6 cycle/s frequency range. Crosscorrelation analysis revealed that the discharges of pairs of segmental (but not intersegmental) sympathetic nerves were related in the chronic spinal cat. This situation differs from that in the baroreceptor-denervated cat in which the discharges of pairs of intersegmental as well as segmental sympathetic nerves are related. Thus coordination of activity in sympathetic nerves that arise from different spinal segments requires the integrity of bulbospinal connections. Finally, no evidence was obtained for the existence of a baroreceptor-like reflex mechanism acting to control SND in the chronic spinal cat.
New Ligands for the Titanium ( IV )‐Induced Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones with Catecholborane (1997)

High to moderate enantiomeric excesses were achieved for the reduction of ketones with catecholborane in the presence of a titanium-based catalyst bearing the new optically active diols 1 a or 1 b as ligands. Of particular interest is the relatively high enantiomeric excess obtained in the reductions of linear nonaromatic methyl ketones.
Microscopic localization of sterically stabilized liposomes in colon carcinoma-bearing mice. (1992)

Using light and electron microscopy, we investigated the in vivo distribution of liposomes sterically stabilized by specific lipids which prolong their circulation in blood. Tissue distribution of sterically stabilized liposomes composed of distearoyl phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol:monosialoganglioside GM1 (10:5:1)-encapsulated 67Ga-Desferal indicates that more than 30% of liposomes still remain in the blood at 24 h after tail vein injection. Moreover, such liposomes accumulated in tumors (C-26 colon carcinoma cells implanted s.c.), reaching almost the same level of uptake as liver (approximately 20% injected dose/g tissue). The microscopic localization of liposomes labeled with encapsulated colloidal gold or rhodamine-labeled dextran coincided well with the tissue distribution. To evaluate circulation parameters, two sizes of gold-containing egg phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol:distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (derivatized at its amino position with a 1900 molecular weight segment of polyethylene glycol) (10:5:0.8) liposomes were injected. The plasma was examined by electron microscopy of negative-stained preparations at 0.5, 4, and 24 h after liposome injection. It was found that the ratio of small (less than 100 nm diameter) to large (greater than 100 nm) liposomes increased with time, indicating a much faster clearance of the larger liposomes. To detect the localization of liposomes in various tissues, appropriate samples were fixed 24 h after the injection of gold-containing liposomes (between 80 and 100 nm in diameter) composed of egg phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol:monosialoganglioside GM1 (10:5:1) or egg phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol:derivatized distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine. The tissues examined for this study included normal liver, bone marrow, and implanted neoplasms. Silver-enhanced colloidal gold was found predominantly within Kupffer cells in the normal liver and within macrophages in the bone marrow. Rarely were any silver-enhanced gold particles detected in hepatocytes. In all preparations, electron microscopy revealed the presence of gold in endosomes and lysosomes of fixed sinusoidal lining macrophages in the liver and bone marrow. Peripheral to the implanted tumors, silver enhancement revealed gold in small blood vessels and focally beyond the vessel boundaries in extracellular spaces around tumor cells. Gold particles were not observed within the tumor cell cytoplasm. At the tumor border, nonenhanced gold was occasionally seen by electron microscopy in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. We obtained the same localization pattern as with silver enhancement by using an alternative aqueous content marker, rhodamine B isothiocyanate-dextran. We conclude that liposomes of specific composition, which have the ability to remain in circulation with a half-life of 12-24 h, are also able to transverse the endothelium of small blood vessels, including those in tumors, and extravasate into extracellular spaces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
ARED 2.0: an update of AU-rich element mRNA database (2003)

The Adenylate Uridylate (AU)-Rich Element Database, ARED-mRNA version 2.0, contains information not present in the previous ARED. This includes additional data entries, new information and links to Unigene, LocusLink, RefSeq records and mouse homologue data. An ARE consensus sequence specific to the 3'UTR is the basis of ARED that demonstrated two important findings: (i) AREs are present in a large, previously unrecognized set of human mRNAs; and (ii) ARE-mRNAs encode proteins of diverse functions which are largely involved in early and transient biological responses. In this update, we have modified the strategy for identifying ARE-mRNA in order to systematically deal with inconsistencies of molecule type and mRNA region in GenBank records. Potential uses for the ARED in functional genomics are also given. The database is accessible via the web, http://rc.kfshrc.edu.sa/ared, with a new querying system that allows searching ARE-mRNAs by any public database identifier or name. The ARED website also contains relevant links to uses for the ARED.
Megakaryoblastic acute leukemia: identification by the ultrastructural demonstration of platelet peroxidase (1978)

In some acute leukemics, blast cells may lack morphologic and cytochemical characteristics indicating their original cell line. Whether these cells are in fact undifferentiated or derived from early precursors of lymphocytes or of other cell lines remains open to question. Leukemias with megakaryoblast (MKB) predominance have been considered rare. In these cases, the recognition of the MKB has been based on the large size of the cells and on their morphologic characteristics. Until now however, the identification of early small MKBs has been uncertain when conventional staining and ultrastructural methods have been employed. It has previously been shown that platelet peroxidase (PPO), which is distinct from granulocytic peroxidases, can be employed as a marker of normal small MKB. A new, sensitive cytochemical method for the demonstration of PPO has been applied to the study of a case of acute leukemia with thrombopenia. The majority of marrow and circulating small blasts that exhibit an undifferentiated or lymphoid appearance upon light and electron microscopic examination have been shown to possess PPO. The morphology of PPO-positive blasts is quite variable. They show no granule or demarcation membrane production usually associated with the beginning of normal megakaryocytic maturation. The presence of PPO alone has permitted us to classify this case as a pure MKB leukemia.
Properties of Glucose Dehydrogenase from Vegetative Cells ofBacillus subtilisand Effect of Dipicolinic Acid and its Chemical Analogues on the Enzyme (1968)

The glucose dehydrogenase from vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis PCI 219 strain was partially purified through two ammonium sulfate fractionations and a filtration on Sephadex G-200. The optimal pH for stability of this enzyme was 6.0 and the optimal pH for the reaction catalyzed was 6.8. The Michaelis constant for glucose was 5.1×10−3 M at pH 6.8. High concentrations of lutidinic acid and isocinchomeronic acid remarkably protected the enzyme from heat inactivation, while dipicolinic acid showed a moderate protecting effect. Other chemical analogues of dipicolinic acid, such as quinolinic acid, nicotinic acid and isonicotinic acid, had less effect than dipicolinic acid, and phthalic acid had no effect. These effects of dipicolinic acid and other chemicals on the activity of glucose dehydrogenase from the vegetative cells were same with those on the activity of glucose dehydrogenase from the spores.
Optics of photonic nanojets (2005)

The detailed optics of photonic nanojets generated by normal plane-wave incidence on dielectric cylinders is discussed. These nanojets have a subwavelength beam waist and propagate with little divergence for several wavelengths. A physical explanation for this peculiar behavior is presented. Characteristic dimensions of the nanojets for a large range of physical parameters are calculated.
Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in men and women: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies (2005)

Prevalent HSV-2 infection is associated with a three-fold increased risk of HIV acquisition among both men and women in the general population, suggesting that, in areas of high HSV-2 prevalence, a high proportion of HIV is attributable to HSV-2.
Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook (2005)

Focuses on the common eye diseases of small animals and horses. This title includes images, algorithms, key points in appendices and glossary.. - The sixth edition of this bestselling handbook includes over 70 new drug monographs, as well as updated dosages and information for older monographs. A separate section on topical medications has been added, and sections on ophthalmic drugs and small animal therapeutic diets have been updated. Completely new to the sixth edition is a two-color format and new monograph layout, which enables faster access to much-needed information. The sixth edition features new overdose information from the ASPCA[registered] Animal Poison Control Center on 50 of the drugs most commonly associated with animal overdoses, and a new appendix on overdose decontamination authored by Dr. Camille DeClementi.
Effects of exogenous ghrelin on feed intake, weight gain, behavior, and endocrine responses in weanling pigs1 (2004)

The objectives were to determine relative ADG, ADFI, behavior, and endocrine responses in weaned pigs receiving exogenous ghrelin. Twenty-four barrows weaned at 18 d of age (d 0 of the experiment) were catheterized via the jugular vein, weighed, and assigned to either a ghrelin (n = 12) or saline (control; n = 12) infusion group. Initial pig BW did not differ between treatments (7.87+/-0.39 vs. 7.92+/-0.35 kg for ghrelin and control treatments, respectively). Pig BW and feed intakes were measured once daily throughout the experiment. Starting on d 1, the ghrelin pigs were intravenously infused three times daily for 5 d with 2 microg/kg BW of human ghrelin, and the control pigs were similarly infused with saline. Activity observations and blood samples were taken at -15, 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 240, and 480 min relative to the first infusion and then three times daily (0800, 1600, and 2400) for 8 d. Weight gain during the 5-d infusion period was greater by the ghrelin than by control pigs (0.57+/-0.10 vs. 0.21+/-0.13 kg, respectively; P < 0.04); however, there was no increase in feed intake. During two behavioral observation periods, more pigs in the ghrelin treatment were observed eating compared with control pigs (P < 0.05). The initial infusion of exogenous ghrelin increased serum ghrelin, GH, insulin, and cortisol concentrations (P < 0.05). Endogenous serum ghrelin increased from d 1 to 8 of the experiment in control animals (P < 0.05). Serum IGF-I initially fell in both treatment groups from d 1 to 2 (P < 0.05) but then increased from d 5 to 8 (P < 0.05). Peripheral concentrations of glucose in the ghrelin pigs were greater on d 2, 3, 7, and 8 than on d 1 (P < or = 0.05). In both treatment groups, peripheral concentrations of leptin increased from d 7 to 8, and cortisol decreased from d 1 to 5 of the experiment. These observations provide evidence that ghrelin may positively influence weight gain and concomitantly increase GH, insulin, and cortisol secretion in weaned pigs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cardiotonic Activity of 2‐Indolinones. (1990)

Abstract Significant positive inotropic activity is achieved with the title compounds (III).
Influence of Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Elevated Triglyceride on Coronary Heart Disease Events and Response to Simvastatin Therapy in 4S (2001)

Patients with elevated LDL-C, low HDL-C, and elevated triglycerides were more likely than patients with isolated LDL-C elevation to have other characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, had increased risk for CHD events on placebo, and received greater benefit with simvastatin therapy.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of XP13512, a Novel Transported Prodrug of Gabapentin (2008)

Gabapentin absorption occurs in only a limited region of the small intestine and saturates at doses used clinically, resulting in dose-dependent pharmacokinetics, high interpatient variability, and potentially ineffective drug exposure. XP13512/GSK1838262 is a novel transported prodrug of gabapentin that is absorbed throughout the entire length of the intestine by high-capacity nutrient transporters. In 4 studies of healthy volunteers (136 subjects total), the pharmacokinetics of XP13512 immediate- and extended-release formulations were compared with those of oral gabapentin. XP13512 immediate-release (up to 2800 mg single dose and 2100 mg twice daily) was well absorbed (>68%, based on urinary recovery of gabapentin), converted rapidly to gabapentin, and provided dose-proportional exposure, whereas absorption of oral gabapentin declined with increasing doses to <27% at 1200 mg. Compared with 600 mg gabapentin, an equimolar XP13512 extended-release dose provided extended gabapentin exposure (time to maximum concentration, 8.4 vs 2.7 hours) and superior bioavailability (74.5% vs 36.6%). XP13512 may therefore provide more predictable gabapentin exposure and decreased dosing frequency.
Requirements for Localization of p130cas to Focal Adhesions (1997)

p130cas (Cas) is an adapter protein that has an SH3 domain followed by multiple SH2 binding motifs in the substrate domain. It also contains a tyrosine residue and a proline-rich sequence near the C terminus, which are the binding sites for the SH2 and SH3 domains of Src kinase, respectively. Cas was originally identified as a major tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in v-Crk- and v-Src-transformed cells. Subsequently, Cas was shown to be inducibly tyrosine phosphorylated upon integrin stimulation; it is therefore regarded as one of the focal adhesion proteins. Using an immunofluorescence study, we examined the subcellular localization of Cas and determined the regions required for its localization to focal adhesions. In nontransformed cells, Cas was localized predominantly to the cytoplasm and partially to focal adhesions. However, in 527F-c-Src-transformed cells, Cas was localized mainly to podosomes, where the focal adhesion proteins are assembled. The localization of Cas to focal adhesions was also observed in cells expressing the kinase-negative 527F/295M-c-Src. A series of analyses with deletion mutants expressed in various cells revealed that the SH3 domain of Cas is necessary for its localization to focal adhesions in nontransformed cells while both the SH3 domain and the C-terminal Src binding domain of Cas are required in 527F-c-Src-transformed cells and fibronectin-stimulated cells. In addition, the localization of Cas to focal adhesions was abolished in Src-negative cells. These results demonstrate that the SH3 domain of Cas and the association of Cas with Src kinase play a pivotal role in the localization of Cas to focal adhesions.
Mycobacterium bovisBCG Cell Wall-Specific Differentially Expressed Genes Identified by Differential Display and cDNA Subtraction in Human Macrophages (2004)

We have analyzed the gene expression profile of monocytes in response to a highly purified cell wall fraction of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, a clinically approved adjuvant known as BCG cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS). It is composed of mycolic acid, arabinogalactan, and peptidoglycan and confers Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)- and TLR4-dependent signaling that induces monocytes to differentiate into antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Here we report differential gene expression analysis with BCG-CWS-stimulated versus nonstimulated monocytes. BCG-CWS exerted massive induction of genes regulated by TLR signaling. Marked gene regulatory characteristics in BCG-CWS-stimulated cells compared to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells follow. (i) Spliced mRNAs encoding soluble forms of TREM-1 and TREM-2 (recently discovered inflammatory-signal-amplifying receptors) were regulated by BCG-CWS, resulting in their differential expression. (ii) The genes for zinc-iron transporter protein (ZIP)-like family proteins HKE-1 and LIV-1 were induced exclusively by BCG-CWS. (iii) Interleukin-23 (IL-23), rather than IL-12p70, was induced by BCG-CWS, while interferon-inducible genes were induced only by LPS. By Northern and reverse transcription-PCR analyses, we confirmed the differential expression of more than 30 BCG-CWS regulatory genes, and their expression was compared with that of LPS and other known TLR ligands. A battery of genes responded rapidly and for a short time to LPS but for a long time to BCG-CWS. Structural analysis of the identified novel or hypothetical proteins revealed that some are potential candidates as signaling mediators or transcriptional regulators. Hence, BCG-CWS may profoundly modulate APC responses in a way distinct from that of LPS, leading to possible advantages for its adjuvant-active therapeutic potential.
Reduced genioglossal activity with upper airway anesthesia in awake patients with OSA (2000)

We examined whether topical upper airway anesthesia leads to a reduction in genioglossal (GG) electromyogram (EMG) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Airway mechanics were also evaluated. In 13 patients with OSA, we monitored GG EMG during tidal breathing and during the application of pulses of negative airway pressure (-10 to -12 cmH(2)O). Airflow resistance and airway collapsibility were determined. All measurements were performed with and without topical anesthesia (lidocaine). Anesthesia led to a significant fall in the peak GG EMG response to negative pressure from 36.1 +/- 4.7 to 24.8 +/- 5.3% (SE) of maximum (P < 0.01). This was associated with a fall in phasic and tonic EMG during tidal breathing (phasic from 24.4 +/- 4.1 to 16.4 +/- 3.4% of maximum and tonic from 10.9 +/- 1.6 to 8.0 +/- 1.3% of maximum, P < 0.01). A significant rise in pharyngeal airflow resistance was also observed. Our results demonstrate that topical receptor mechanisms in the nasopharynx importantly influence dilator muscle activity and are likely important in driving the augmented dilator muscle activity seen in the apnea patient.
Compression Creep and Thermal Ratcheting Behavior of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) (2018)

The characterization of thermal ratcheting behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE) material coupled with compressive creep is presented. The research explores the adverse influence of thermal cycling on HDPE material properties under the effect of compressive load, number of thermal cycles, creep time period, and thermal ratcheting temperature range. The compressive creep analysis of HDPE shows that the magnitude of creep strain increases with increase in magnitude of applied load and temperature, respectively. The creep strain value increased by 7 and 28 times between least and maximum applied temperature and load conditions, respectively. The creep modulus decreases with increase in compressive load and temperature conditions. The cumulative deformation is evident in the HDPE material, causing a reduction in the thickness of the sample under thermal ratcheting. The loss of thickness increases with increase in the number of thermal cycles, while showing no sign of saturation. The thermal ratcheting strain (TRS) is influenced dominantly by the applied load condition. In addition, the TRS decreases with increase in creep time period, which is cited to the extended damage induced due creep. The results highlight the need for improved design standard with inclusion of thermal ratcheting phenomenon for HDPE structures particularly HDPE bolted flange joint.
Surface Analysis of Nanoscale Aluminium and Silicon Films Made by Electrodeposition in Ionic Liquids (2008)

We present a spectroscopic and microscopic study of nanoscale Al and Si films electrodeposited in water- and air-stable ionic liquids. The choice of cations for such ionic liquids has previously been shown to have a significant effect on the crystallite size of electrodeposited Al or Si films. We found that the deposits are generally uniform, dense, metallic bright, and adherent with crystallite sizes in the nanometer range. The nanocrystalline films were characterized using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM). The XPS results show that the surface of both films is oxidized although the deposition was done in an inert gas glove box. Furthermore our results suggest that as a consequence of oxygen attack the nanoparticles are composed of a metallic core surrounded by a thin oxidic shell. Our XPS study also shows that neither the cation nor the anion of the ionic liquid is entrapped in the deposit. Thus, electrodeposition in ionic liquids delivers pure materials.
Swainsonine inhibits the biosynthesis of complex glycoproteins by inhibition of Golgi mannosidase II. (1982)

In glycoprotein biosynthesis, rat liver Golgi mannosidases IA and IB are a-1,2-specific and convert Mans oligosaccharides to the corresponding Mans species, whereas mannosidase I1 cleaves a-1,3-and a-1,g-man-nosy1 residues from GlcNAcMan5 in completing the mannosyl trimming process (Tulsiani, D.
Securing Anonymous and Confidential Database through Privacy Preserving Updates (2013)

Typically for economic gain, someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person's personal data in a way that involves fraud or deception. So Privacy of database is a necessity. In this paper we propose a system of updating the confidential database with preserving the privacy of it. Anonymization means identifying information is removed from original data to protect personal or private information. Data anonymization can be performed in different ways but in this paper k-anonymization approach is used. Suppose one person X having his own k-anonymous database and needs to determine whether database is still k-anonymous if tuple inserted by another person Y. For some applications (for example, Patient‟s record), database needs to be confidential, so access to the database is strictly controlled. The confidentiality of the database managed by the owner is violated once others have access to the contents of the database. Thus, problem is to check whether the database inserted with the tuple is still k-anonymous without letting the owner X and others (Y) to know the content of the tuple and database respectively. In this paper, we propose two methods solving this problem on suppression and generalization based k-anonymous and confidential database. Beside we are dealing with the case of malicious parties by the introduction of non-colluding third party.
Targeting CD22 Reprograms B-Cells and Reverses Autoimmune Diabetes (2008)

Targeting CD22 depletes and reprograms B-cells and reverses autoimmune diabetes, thereby providing a blueprint for development of novel therapies to cure autoimmune diabetes.