gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensing Receptor Function in Pulmonary Hypertension (2013)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive, and fetal disease. The five-year survival rate after diagnosis is ～50%. In Japan, PAH is listed in the Specified Rare and Intractable Diseases. Pulmonary vascular remodeling and sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction are the major causes for the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in PAH. The pathogenic mechanisms involved in the pulmonary vascular abnormalities in PAH remain unclear. Sustained vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling owing to proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are key pathogenic events that lead to early morbidity and mortality. These events have been closely linked to Ca(2+) mobilization and signaling in PASMCs. An increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]cyt) in PASMCs is an important stimulus for pulmonary vasoconstriction and cell proliferation which subsequently cause pulmonary vascular wall thickening followed by the increase in PVR. Increased resting [Ca(2+)]cyt and enhanced Ca(2+) influx have been implicated in PASMCs from PAH patients, but precise therapeutic targets to interrupt these signal pathways have not been identified. We recently found that the extracellular Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is upregulated in PASMCs from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). In addition, blockage of the CaSR with an antagonist (NPS2143) prevents the development of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy in animal models of pulmonary hypertension. The functionally upregulated CaSR in PASMCs is a novel pathogenic mechanism contributing to the augmented Ca(2+) signaling and excessive cell proliferation in IPAH. Targeting CaSR in PASMCs may help develop novel therapeutic approach for PAH.
Suppression of Inflammatory Immune Responses in Celiac Disease by Experimental Hookworm Infection (2011)

We present immunological data from two clinical trials where the effect of experimental human hookworm (Necator americanus) infection on the pathology of celiac disease was evaluated. We found that basal production of Interferon- (IFN-)γ and Interleukin- (IL-)17A from duodenal biopsy culture was suppressed in hookworm-infected participants compared to uninfected controls. Increased levels of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells in the circulation and mucosa are associated with active celiac disease. We show that this accumulation also occurs during a short-term (1 week) oral gluten challenge, and that hookworm infection suppressed the increase of circulating CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells during this challenge period. When duodenal biopsies from hookworm-infected participants were restimulated with the immunodominant gliadin peptide QE65, robust production of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17A was detected, even prior to gluten challenge while participants were strictly adhering to a gluten-free diet. Intriguingly, IL-5 was produced only after hookworm infection in response to QE65. Thus we hypothesise that hookworm-induced TH2 and IL-10 cross-regulation of the TH1/TH17 inflammatory response may be responsible for the suppression of these responses during experimental hookworm infection.
[Anesthetic management using vasopressin for a patient complicated with septic shock]. (2006)

We reported anesthetic management of a patient complicated with septic shock. Catecolamines were not effective to improve severe hypotension. Therefore, vasopressin was used and this improved the severe hypotension. Vasopressin may be useful for a patient complicated with septic shock and severe hypotension.
A Severe Disease of Tomato in the Culiacan Area (Sinaloa, Mexico) Is Caused by a New Picorna-Like Viral Species (2007)

We were able to mechanically transmit a small isometric virus from field tomato samples showing severe necrotic symptoms, collected in the Culiacan area of Sinaloa state (Mexico). After gradient purification and three rounds of single-lesion passage on Chenopodium quinoa, the virus was back-inoculated to tomato plants and reproduced the original apical necrosis symptoms. The virus could be transmitted to a wide range of experimental hosts, including a number of solanaceous plants. Purified virus was used to produce specific polyclonal rabbit antibodies and serological tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, and an immunochromatographic lateral flow assay. Such assays confirmed the wide distribution of this virus in symptomatic field plants in the area of the epidemic. Purified particles contained two genomic RNA molecules of ca. 7 kb (RNA1) and 5 kb (RNA2) estimated length. Analysis of clones from a cDNA library provided 6.5 and 3.0 kb of sequence for RNA1 and RNA2, respectively. Sequence analysis of the encoded replicase showed greatest similarity with members of the Sequiviridae family, and indicated that the virus we isolated is a new virus species, provisionally named Tomato apex necrosis virus.
End-to-end cyclization of polymer chains (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnd-to-end cyclization of polymer chainsMitchell A. WinnikCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1985, 18, 3, 73–79Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00111a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00111a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views788Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ascorbic acid stimulates chloride transport in the amphibian cornea. (1975)

Estimating all parameters in a multiparameter response model as smooth functions of an explanatory variable is very similar to estimating the different components of an additive model for the response mean. It is shown that, in a general estimating framework, local polynomial backfitting estimators in an additive one-parameter model do not work optimally. For a multiparameter model, however, a backfitting algorithm can be defined that leads to local polynomial estimators that do have optimal properties.
Human macrophage scavenger receptors: primary structure, expression, and localization in atherosclerotic lesions. (1990)

Two types of cDNAs for human macrophage scavenger receptors were cloned from a cDNA library derived from the phorbol ester-treated human monocytic cell line THP-1. The type I and type II human scavenger receptors encoded by these cDNAs are homologous (73% and 71% amino acid identity) to their previously characterized bovine counterparts and consist of six domains: cytoplasmic (I), membrane-spanning (II), spacer (III), alpha-helical coiled-coil (IV), collagen-like (V), and a type-specific C-terminal (VI). The receptor gene is located on human chromosome 8. The human receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells mediated endocytosis of modified low density lipoproteins. Two mRNAs, 4.0 and 3.2 kilobases, have been detected in human liver, placenta, and brain. Immunohistochemical studies using an anti-peptide antibody which recognizes human scavenger receptors indicated the presence of the scavenger receptors in the macrophages of lipid-rich atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting the involvement of scavenger receptors in atherogenesis.
Association Between Arterial Stiffness and Atherosclerosis (2001)

This population-based study shows that arterial stiffness is strongly associated with atherosclerosis at various sites in the vascular tree.
Changes in Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Markers in Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated With Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (1999)

This first characterization of the coagulation activation induced by rtPA treatment for acute ischemic stroke and the failure to abolish such hemostatic abnormalities by heparin may be of value for further refinement of the currently discussed thrombolytic therapy and the controversial adjunctive anticoagulant prophylaxis in stroke patients.
Phase I Clinical Trial of a Recombinant Malaria Vaccine Consisting of the Circumsporozoite Repeat Region of Plasmodium Falciparum Coupled to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (1991)

R16HBsAg is an experimental recombinant malaria vaccine consisting of 16 repeats of a four amino acid sequence (Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro or NANP) of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum expressed as a fusion protein with the recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) produced by yeast cells. Twenty male volunteers were experimentally vaccinated with the product, as well as with two doses of the commercial recombinant HBsAg vaccine Engerix B (Smith Kline Beecham Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) at intervals during a period of 18 months. No serious side effects were observed. Circulating antibodies to recombinant CS antigen (R32tet32) developed in all volunteers and persisted in most cases over ten months. Anti-HBs antibody production was poor initially, but a single dose of the commercial hepatitis B vaccine was sufficient to elevate these titers to high levels in all but two volunteers.
Gene therapy for liver cirrhosis (2000)

Liver cirrhosis is the irreversible end result of chronic liver disease and is characterized by fibrous scarring and hepatocellular regeneration. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is induced by factors such as chronic hepatitis virus infection, drug abuse and alcohol abuse. The ideal strategy for the treatment of liver cirrhosis should include prevention of fibrogenesis, stimulation of hepatocyte mitosis and reorganization of the liver architecture. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene therapy has been investigated in a rat model of liver cirrhosis. In rats with lethal liver cirrhosis produced by dimethylnitrosamine, repeated transfection of the HGF gene into skeletal muscle induced a high plasma level of HGF and tyrosine phosphorylation of the c-Met/HGF receptor. Hepatocyte growth factor gene transduction inhibited fibrogenesis and hepatocyte apoptosis and also produced resolution of fibrosis in the cirrhotic liver. Hepatocyte growth factor gene therapy may have the potential to be useful for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis.
Development of Formulations for Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies and Fc Fusion Proteins (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Mechanisms of Degradation Methods Liquid Formulation Strategies High Concentration Liquid Strategies Lyophilized Formulation Strategies Issues Affecting Formulation Overview References
Sex identification in mammals with polymerase chain reaction and its use to examine sex effects on diameter of day-10 or -11 pig embryos1 (1995)

The objectives of this study were to develop a rapid method for sex determination for several mammalian species using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to use this method to determine whether there is a significant developmental difference in spherical diameter between male and female d-10 or -11 porcine embryos. The PCR system was developed and verified using genomic DNA from pigs of known sex, then it was tested with genomic DNA from several other mammalian species. Sex is determined by amplification of two genes in a single reaction. The presence or absence of a region of the Sry (sex-determining region Y) gene determines sex, and amplification of the Zfy (male) or Zfx (female) genes acts as a positive control for PCR. Sex determination was successful for all animals tested, including pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, llamas, horses, humans, baboons, dogs, cats, rats, and mice. A total of 209 embryos were collected from 21 crossbred gilts on d 10 or 11 of gestation, and their diameters were measured. No significant difference in embryo diameter was detected between male and female embryos, indicating that sexual dimorphism in embryonic growth in pigs does not occur before the period of rapid embryo elongation. The present sexing technique using PCR is rapid (approximately 6 h from receipt of embryos to results), and it may be useful for examining the effects of sex on any trait of interest in early porcine embryos and embryos from several other mammals.
Co, Fe and Ga chelates for cell labelling (1999)

The radiolabelling of blood cellular elements with PET radionuclides offers a higher sensitivity and resolution than conventional imaging, but short-lived PET radionuclides have limited clinical use in cell labelling. Medium half-life PET radionuclides, such as 55Co (t1/2 = 18.2 h), 52Fe (t1/2 = 8.3 h) and 66Ga (t1/2 = 9.4 h), enable quantitative uptake and cell kinetic studies with radiolabelled blood cellular elements. Co(II) oxine, Co(III) tropolonate, Fe(III) oxine, Ga(III) oxine and Ga(III) MPO were prepared using gamma-emitting radionuclides and a number of cell labelling parameters were investigated. The uptake of 57Co(II) oxine into erythrocytes was only 37%, and 65% of the activity eluted from the cells in cell-free plasma within 30 min. In contrast, high leukocyte and erythrocyte labelling efficiencies (> 90%) were obtained with 57Co(III) tropolonate containing cobalt carrier and the elution in cell-free plasma over 4 h was < 8%. High labelling efficiencies were also observed with 59Fe(III) oxine and 67Ga-MPO and the elution from leukocytes over 4 h was < 25%. We conclude that Co(III) tropolonate, Fe(III) oxine and Ga-MPO may be useful for radiolabelling leukocytes for PET investigations.
Digital x-ray tomosynthesis: current state of the art and clinical potential (2003)

Digital x-ray tomosynthesis is a technique for producing slice images using conventional x-ray systems. It is a refinement of conventional geometric tomography, which has been known since the 1930s. In conventional geometric tomography, the x-ray tube and image receptor move in synchrony on opposite sides of the patient to produce a plane of structures in sharp focus at the plane containing the fulcrum of the motion; all other structures above and below the fulcrum plane are blurred and thus less visible in the resulting image. Tomosynthesis improves upon conventional geometric tomography in that it allows an arbitrary number of in-focus planes to be generated retrospectively from a sequence of projection radiographs that are acquired during a single motion of the x-ray tube. By shifting and adding these projection radiographs, specific planes may be reconstructed. This topical review describes the various reconstruction algorithms used to produce tomosynthesis images, as well as approaches used to minimize the residual blur from out-of-plane structures. Historical background and mathematical details are given for the various approaches described. Approaches for optimizing the tomosynthesis image are given. Applications of tomosynthesis to various clinical tasks, including angiography, chest imaging, mammography, dental imaging and orthopaedic imaging, are also described.
Cloning and Expression in Escherichia coli of Full-Length Complementary DNA Coding for Human α 1 -Antitrypsin (1983)

A cDNA library prepared from human liver was screened for alpha 1-antitrypsin, a major constituent of plasma which functions as inhibitor of proteolytic enzymes. The library was screened using a 12-base-long synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide corresponding to a known DNA fragment of human alpha 1-antitrypsin and by hybrid-selection of alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA. A plasmid, pULB1523, was identified carrying a cDNA insert of about 1400 bp coding for human alpha 1-antitrypsin. Restriction mapping and DNA sequence analysis indicated that the 1400 bp code for the signal peptide and for the complete mature alpha 1-antitrypsin molecule. In addition, a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay showed that pULB1523 expresses human alpha 1-antitrypsin in bacteria. Fusion of the alpha 1-antitrypsin sequence to the leader sequence of the beta-lactamase gene (plasmid pKT287) resulted also in the expression of the protein in bacteria.
Naltrexone-induced alterations in human ethanol intoxication (1994)

The data are compatible with the clinical findings and suggest that the reduction in ethanol consumption by alcoholics following naltrexone administration may occur because of greater subjective intoxication, greater aversive effects, or less positive reinforcement from ethanol.
ImmunoPET detection of xenografts expressing de2-7 EGFR using Iodine-124 labelled ch806 via residualising ligand IMP-R4 (2006)

1608 Objectives: Immuno Positron Emission Tomography (immunoPET) is utilised for improving the detection and quantitation of the biodistribution properties of chimeric antibody ch806[1]. This internalising antibody targets a unique epitope on the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor[2] Methods: Radiolabelling of ch806 with radiohalogen 124I was facilitated by the residualising ligand IMP-R4[3] and evaluated in a BALB/c nude mouse model bearing U87MG.de2-7 glioma xenografts. Biodistribution of radioconjugates together with controls were determined by radioactive counting and PET imaging. Results: 124I-IMP-R4 ch806 was prepared with retention of immunoreactivity of 78.3% and was relatively stable when incubated in serum in vitro. Maximal tumour uptake occurred from 48 hr p.i. reaching 30.95 + 6.03 %ID/g of tumours [T:B = 2.6] and was 14.64 + 2.52 %ID/g at 120 hrs p.i. [T:B=5.2]. Tumours were discernable at 4 hrs p.i. with definitive high resolution PET images obtained from 24 hrs p.i. Importantly, measurement of 124I-IMP-R4-ch806 uptake in tumour through PET imaging was shown to significantly correlate with gamma well counting of resected tumours. The specificity of tumour localisation was demonstrated by the minimal tumour uptake of isotype control radioconjugate 124I-IMP-R4-huA33. Evidence for catabolism of directly labeled 124I-ch806 was indicated by the low uptake and low retention of 124I-ch806 in U87MG.de2-7 tumours. These results provide clear evidence of the ability of immunoPET to quantitate antibody uptake in mouse models, and this technique should be immediately applicable to human studies. Conclusions: The 124I-IMP-R4-ch806 has potential to be used for targeting 806 antigen expressing tumours in clinical trials. With higher resolution and sensitivity for tumours, immunoPET will also permit better calculation of dosimetry for normal organ exposure and quantify amount of antibody targeting tumours. 1. Panousis, C., Rayzman, V.M., Johns, T.G., et al Br J Cancer, 2005. 92(6): p. 1069-77. 2. Johns, T.G., Adams, T.E., Cochran, J.R., et al. J. Biol. Chem., 2004: p. M401218200. 3. Stein, R., Govindan, S.V., Mattes, M.J., et al. Cancer Res, 2003. 63(1): p. 111-8.
Tetrahydrobiopterin responsiveness in a large series of phenylke tonuria patients (2002)

In a group of 87 consecutive patients with hyperphenylalaninaemia born since 1990, only 3 patients showed a (temporary) decrease of serum phenylalanine levels after tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) loading in usual doses (20 mg/kg body weight).
Communications performance of a multimode EDFA (2000)

We report an investigation of a multimode EDFA used as an optically preamplified receiver. A two-stage amplifier pumped at 982 nm shows gain of up to 40 dB at 1553 nm. We study the communications performance of the receiver at 10 Gb/s and compare it with theory. The measured sensitivity is 220 photons per bit at a bit error rate of 10/sup -9/ and data rate of 10 Gb/s. This is 4.5 dB from the quantum limit of 75 photons per bit for a 56 mode amplifier.
Two new metal–triazole-benzenedicarboxylate frameworks affording an uncommon 3,4-connected net and unique 4,6-connected rod packing: hydrothermal synthesis, structure, thermostability and luminescence studies (2009)

Two new metal–triazole-benzenedicarboxylate coordination polymers are obtained by the hydrothermal self-assembly of Zn(or Cd)(NO3)2, trz, and 1,3-H2BDC(or 1,4-H2BDC), where trz and BDC are triazole and benzenedicarboxylate. Polymer 1, Zn(trz)(1,3-HBDC), crystallizes in the P21/c space group and shows the 2D fes 4·82 net, which is further extended via strong O–H⋯O/2.641 Å hydrogen bonds, creating the supramolecular 3,4-connected net described by (4·82)(4·82·103) Schläfli symbol. Polymer 2, Cd4(H2O)2 (trz)2(1,4-BDC)3·H2O, have the C2/c space group and complicated 3D architecture, an architecture that is comprised of two distinct rod-like substructures, viz. 4-connected {Cd(trz)(H2O)(CO2)}n of corner-sharing octahedra and 6-connected {Cd(trz)(CO2)}n of edge-sharing octahedra. In the solid, both 1 and 2 have strong luminescence, viz. 453 nm for 1 and 398 nm for 2, which suggests the potential luminescence material of 1 and 2.
Array-Based Electrical Detection of DNA with Nanoparticle Probes (2002)

A DNA array detection method is reported in which the binding of oligonucleotides functionalized with gold nanoparticles leads to conductivity changes associated with target-probe binding events. The binding events localize gold nanoparticles in an electrode gap; silver deposition facilitated by these nanoparticles bridges the gap and leads to readily measurable conductivity changes. An unusual salt concentration-dependent hybridization behavior associated with these nanoparticle probes was exploited to achieve selectivity without a thermal-stringency wash. Using this method, we have detected target DNA at concentrations as low as 500 femtomolar with a point mutation selectivity factor of approximately 100,000:1.
Vagal activation by sham feeding improves gastric motility in functional dyspepsia (2008)

Antral hypomotility and impaired gastric accommodation in patients with functional dyspepsia have been ascribed to vagal dysfunction. We investigated whether vagal stimulation by sham feeding would improve meal-induced gastric motor function in these patients. Fourteen healthy volunteers and 14 functional dyspepsia patients underwent a drink test twice, once with and once without simultaneous sham feeding. After ingesting 500 mL clear meat soup (20 kcal, 37 degrees C) in 4 min, sham feeding was performed for 10 min by chewing a sugar-containing chewing gum while spitting out saliva. Using two- and three-dimensional ultrasound, antral motility index (contraction amplitude x frequency) and intragastric volumes were estimated. Without sham feeding, functional dyspepsia patients had lower motility index than healthy volunteers (area under curve 8.0 +/- 1.2 vs 4.4 +/- 1.0 min(-1), P = 0.04). In functional dyspepsia patients, but not in healthy volunteers, motility index increased and intragastric volume tended to increase by sham feeding (P = 0.04 and P = 0.06 respectively). The change in motility index was negatively correlated to the change in pain score (r = -0.59, P = 0.007). In functional dyspepsia patients, vagal stimulation by sham feeding improves antral motility in response to a soup meal. The result supports the view that impaired vagal stimulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric motility disturbances in functional dyspepsia.