gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal markets for controlling building environments (1994)

In spite of the revolutionary advances in digital technology and operations research that have taken place in the last decades, the state of the art in building environmental management does not often reflect those improvements. For instance, many modern buildings are still thermally controlled via pneumatic systems, while lighting in the offices is often under manual and inefficient control. Further, many control algorithms use PID (proportional integral derivative) controls, which, while very general, require substantial investments in time to operate optimally. A working solution to the problem of thermal resource distribution in a building is demonstrated using a market-based system. In this system computational agents representing individual temperature controllers bid to buy or sell cool or warm air. They do so via a double-blind computerized auction that is moderated by a central computer auctioneer. The auctioneer sees to it that no agent buys resources for more than its bid and no agent sells resources for less than its bid. The market system has been implemented and runs on a regular basis as part or a building energy management system. Results show that the thermal auction leads to an equitable temperature distribution throughout the area under its control without incurring anymore » extra costs such as excessive actuator movement.« less
Clay: New Opportunities for Tissue Regeneration and Biomaterial Design (2013)

Seminal recent studies that have shed new light on the remarkable properties of clay interactions suggest unexplored opportunities for biomaterial design and regenerative medicine. Here, recent conceptual and technological developments in the science of clay interactions with biomolecules, polymers, and cells are examined, focusing on the implications for tissue engineering and regenerative strategies. Pioneering studies demonstrating the utility of clay for drug-delivery and scaffold design are reviewed and areas for future research and development highlighted.
Preclinical evaluation of a novel device for delivering brachytherapy to the margins of resected brain tumor cavities (2002)

This balloon catheter and 125I radiotherapy solution system can safely and reliably deliver radiation to the margins of brain cavities created by tumor resection. Results of this study showed that intracranial pressure changes due to balloon inflation and deflation were unremarkable and characteristic of the imaging properties and radiation safety profile of the device prior to its clinical evaluation. Clinically relevant brachytherapy (adequate target volume and total dose) was accomplished in all four animals subjected to treatment.
Genetic Variants in ASCT2 Gene are Associated with the Prognosis of Transarterial Chemoembolisation-Treated Early-Stage Hepatocelluar Carcinoma (2015)

We demonstrated that patients with early stage HCC carrying T genotype in rs2070246 showed better OS than those carrying CC genotype.
Formation, Properties, and Characterization of a Fully Reduced FeIIFeIIForm of Spinach (and Parsley) [2Fe-2S] Ferredoxin with the Macrocyclic Complex [Cr(15-aneN4)(H2O)2]2+as Reductant (1997)

Reduction of spinach and parsley ferredoxin FdI in the Fe(III)Fe(III) state with the 1,4,8,12-tetraazacyclopentadecane complex [Cr(15-aneN(4))(H(2)O)(2)](2+), here written as Cr(II)L, provides the first evidence for two 1-equiv steps yielding an Fe(II)Fe(II) product. Rate constants (25 degrees C) for spinach FdI are 2760 and 660 M(-)(1) s(-)(1), respectively, at pH 7.5, I = 0.100 M (NaCl). An important observation is that the Cr(III)L generated in the first step remains attached to the Fe(II)Fe(III) product and perturbs the protein active site sufficiently to make the second stage possible. The second Cr(II)L reduction is of the "outer-sphere" type, and the Cr(III)L generated is not attached to the protein. Anaerobic reoxidation of the fully reduced protein with [Co(NH(3))(6)](3+) is rapid and can be achieved with approximately 80% recovery of the Fe(III)Fe(III) oxidation state over 40 min. Air oxidation yields the Cr(III)L product Fe(III)Fe(III).Cr(III)L (Fe:Cr = 2:1). With Anabaena variabilis only a one-step reduction is observed and there is no Cr(III)L attachment. From a comparison of amino acid sequences with spinach (and parsley) FdI, a likely point of Cr(III)L attachment is indicated. Comparisons are made with dithionite as reductant. In addition, square-wave voltammetry on spinach Fe(III)Fe(III).Cr(III)L gives two reduction potentials -273 and -410 mV vs NHE. The different redox products have been characterized by EPR. Using (1)H NMR line-broadening techniques, evidence for Cr(III)L binding at a surface site close to Tyr-25/Tyr-82 is obtained. Also from investigations with redox-inactive [Cr(en)(3)](3+) as a competitive inhibitor for Cr(II)L reduction of spinach Fe(III)Fe(III), Tyr-25/Tyr-82 is proposed as the site for Cr(II)L reduction. From an extension of studies to include reduction of Fe(III)Fe(III).Cr(III)L with Cr(II)L, evidence is obtained for a second reaction site when that at Tyr-25/Tyr-82 is no longer available.
Psychosis pathways converge via D2High dopamine receptors (2006)

The objective of this review is to identify a target or biomarker of altered neurochemical sensitivity that is common to the many animal models of human psychoses associated with street drugs, brain injury, steroid use, birth injury, and gene alterations. Psychosis in humans can be caused by amphetamine, phencyclidine, steroids, ethanol, and brain lesions such as hippocampal, cortical, and entorhinal lesions. Strikingly, all of these drugs and lesions in rats lead to dopamine supersensitivity and increase the high-affinity states of dopamine D2 receptors, or D2High, by 200-400% in striata. Similar supersensitivity and D2High elevations occur in rats born by Caesarian section and in rats treated with corticosterone or antipsychotics such as reserpine, risperidone, haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, and clozapine, with the latter two inducing elevated D2High states less than that caused by haloperidol or olanzapine. Mice born with gene knockouts of some possible schizophrenia susceptibility genes are dopamine supersensitive, and their striata reveal markedly elevated D2High states; suchgenes include dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, dopamine D4 receptors, G protein receptor kinase 6, tyrosine hydroxylase, catechol-O-methyltransferase, the trace amine-1 receptor, regulator of G protein signaling RGS9, and the RIIbeta form of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Striata from mice that are not dopamine supersensitive did not reveal elevated D2High states; these include mice with knockouts of adenosine A2A receptors, glycogen synthase kinase GSK3beta, metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, dopamine D1 or D3 receptors, histamine H1, H2, or H3 receptors, and rats treated with ketanserin or aD1 antagonist. The evidence suggests that there are multiple pathways that convergetoelevate the D2High state in brain regions and that this elevation may elicit psychosis. This proposition is supported by the dopamine supersensitivity that is a common feature of schizophrenia and that also occurs in many types of genetically altered, drug-altered, and lesion-altered animals. Dopamine supersensitivity, in turn, correlates with D2High states. The finding that all antipsychotics, traditional and recent ones, act on D2High dopamine receptors further supports the proposition.
Rapid restoration of visual pigment and function with oral retinoid in a mouse model of childhood blindness (2000)

Mutations in the retinal pigment epithelium gene encoding RPE65 are a cause of the incurable early-onset recessive human retinal degenerations known as Leber congenital amaurosis. Rpe65-deficient mice, a model of Leber congenital amaurosis, have no rod photopigment and severely impaired rod physiology. We analyzed retinoid flow in this model and then intervened by using oral 9-cis-retinal, attempting to bypass the biochemical block caused by the genetic abnormality. Within 48 h, there was formation of rod photopigment and dramatic improvement in rod physiology, thus demonstrating that mechanism-based pharmacological intervention has the potential to restore vision in otherwise incurable genetic retinal degenerations.
MECHANISMS OF LIMB DEVELOPMENT AND MALFORMATION (1976)

Journal Article MECHANISMS OF LIMB DEVELOPMENT AND MALFORMATION Get access L. WOLPERT, B.Sc. D.I.C. Ph.D. L. WOLPERT, B.Sc. D.I.C. Ph.D. Department of Biology as Applied to Medicine The Middlesex Hospital Medical SchoolLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 32, Issue 1, January 1976, Pages 65–70, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071326 Published: 01 January 1976
Expression of leukemia inhibitory factor by cartilage‐forming tumors of bone: An immunohistochemical study (1999)

Recent studies have implicated leukemia inhibitory factor in connective-tissue metabolism involving the remodeling of bone and the destruction of cartilage tissue. This cytokine, which has also been implicated in the proliferation of solid tumor, is expressed by osteotropic tumor cell lines. The present study investigated the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor in cartilage tissue harvested from cartilage-forming bone tumors. Immunohistochemical study showed that it was present in all benign enchondromas (n = 8) and malignant chondrosarcomas (n = 6) but not in control tissue (n = 3). The cytokine was localized in only cytoplasmic areas of cartilage cells. The number of stained cells ranged from less than 5% in enchondroma of the hand to more than 70% in grade-III chondrosarcoma. Moreover, high levels of leukemia inhibitory factor were found in the primary culture of tumor tissues (n = 7). These results question the significance of leukemia inhibitory factor in tumor-associated bone resorption and the potential role of this cytokine as a prognostic marker.
Microemulsion Templating of Siliceous Mesostructured Cellular Foams with Well-Defined Ultralarge Mesopores (2000)

Siliceous mesostructured cellular foams (MCFs) with well-defined ultralarge mesopores and hydrothermally robust frameworks are described. The MCFs are templated by oil-in-water microemulsions and are characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering, nitrogen sorption, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential thermal analysis. The MCFs consist of uniform spherical cells measuring 24−42 nm in diameter, possess BET surface areas up to 1000 m2/g and porosities of 80−84%, and give, because of their pores with small size distributions, higher-order scattering peaks even in the absence of long-range order. Windows with diameters of 9−22 nm and narrow size distribution interconnect the cells. The pore size can be controlled by adjusting the amount of the organic swelling agent that is added and by varying the aging temperature. Adding ammonium fluoride selectively enlarges the windows by 50−80%. In addition, the windows can be enlarged by postsynthesis treatment in hot water. The MCF materials resemble aerogels, but offer the benefits of a facilitated synthesis in combination with well-defined pore and wall structure, thick walls, and high hydrothermal stability. The open system of large pores give MCFs unique advantages as catalyst supports and separation media for processes involving large molecules, and the high porosities make them of interest for electrical and thermal insulation applications.
Fermentation of biomass‐generated producer gas to ethanol (2004)

The development of low-cost, sustainable, and renewable energy sources has been a major focus since the 1970s. Fuel-grade ethanol is one energy source that has great potential for being generated from biomass. The demonstration of the fermentation of biomass-generated producer gas to ethanol is the major focus of this article in addition to assessing the effects of producer gas on the fermentation process. In this work, producer gas (primarily CO, CO(2), CH(4), H(2), and N(2)) was generated from switchgrass via gasification. The fluidized-bed gasifier generated gas with a composition of 56.8% N(2), 14.7% CO, 16.5% CO(2), 4.4% H(2), and 4.2% CH(4). The producer gas was utilized in a 4-L bioreactor to generate ethanol and other products via fermentation using a novel clostridial bacterium. The effects of biomass-generated producer gas on cell concentration, hydrogen uptake, and acid/alcohol production are shown in comparison with "clean" bottled gases of similar compositions for CO, CO(2), and H(2). The successful implementation of generating producer gas from biomass and then fermenting the producer gas to ethanol was demonstrated. Several key findings following the introduction of producer gas included: (1) the cells stopped growing but were still viable, (2) ethanol was primarily produced once the cells stopped growing (ethanol is nongrowth associated), (3) H(2) utilization stopped, and (4) cells began growing again if "clean" bottled gases were introduced following exposure to the producer gas.
Virtual Internet broadcasting (2001)

This article describes the design and first implementation of a virtual broadcast system whereby a multimedia content program can be edited, produced, and streamed from different locations. Data are stored and distributed decentrally, allowing multiple combinations of program objects to new programs. The virtual broadcast station is the network. This concept additionally offers the clients the opportunity to obtain an individual (personalized) program, still using bandwidth-economic multicast technologies. This is achieved by dividing multimedia streams into temporal chunks (chunk streams), streamed over different multicast host groups (distributed multicasting), using existing Internet session control protocols (SDP) and Internet transport protocols (RTP). A client application assembles the transmitted chunks to form an individual program. This technique can also be used to insert personal/local advertisements into broadcast-like services.
[The change in optical spectra from solid and liquid solution of copper phthalocyanines derivatives]. (2006)

In the present work, the change in electronic absorption spectra from three copper phthalocyanines (CuPc, tb-CuPc, oo-CuPc) in different environments was investigated. The mechanism of red shift Q-band absorption from the three species in an organic solvent before and after protonation was discussed. This was used to compare with those dispersed in solid films. The relation between the molecular interactions and the spectra change was studied. In a combination of POM, DSC and XRD techniques, the structure and morphology of the thin films were characterised. It was found that the molecules in the doped matrices of PC were associated or aggregated. This association and hence the corresponding change in absorption spectra cannot be altered by the modification of dopant concentration.
Gene amplification, drug resistance, and cancer. (1984)

Amplification du gene de la dihydrofolate reductase et resistance au methotrexate dans des cellules mammaliennes en culture. Amplification des genes: frequence mecanisme, resistance clinique aux substances chimiotherapiques, oncogenese
Strain-Compensated GaAsN/InGaAs Superlattice Structure Solar Cells (2006)

In this work, we investigate the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of GaAsN/InGaAs strain-compensated superlattice cells in view of their application in solar cells. The compressive strain in InGaAs layers is matched by the tensile strain in GaAsN layers, overcoming the lattice-mismatch limitation. GaAsN/InGaAs strained layer superlattice cells, lattice-matched to GaAs, are proposed to extend the long-wavelength absorption of the bottom cell in a cascade solar cell structure. A strain-compensated superlattice solar cell with 0.6 µm GaAsN/InGaAs incorporated in the intrinsic region of p–i–n GaAs cells was fabricated. Compared with the fabricated InGaAs and InGaNAs cells, it was found that the GaAsN/InGaAs superlattice cell can lower the band gap energy and extend the absorption the most, followed by the InGaAs cell. In addition, the efficiency of the GaAsN/InGaAs superlattice cell was 4.3%, which is comparable to that of the InGaNAs cell. The GaAsN/InGaAs strain-compensated superlattice structure shows many characteristics required to make it a candidate for the next-generation multijunction solar cells, which means this design can be used as the third junction of future-generation ultrahigh-efficiency three- and four-junction devices.
Effects of the Administration of High-Dose Interleukin-2 on Immunoregulatory Cell Subsets in Patients with Advanced Melanoma and Renal Cell Cancer (2007)

Our data show that there are reciprocal quantitative and qualitative alterations of immunoregulatory cell subsets with opposing functions during treatment with high-dose IL-2, some of which may compromise the establishment of effective antitumor immune responses.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha selectively sensitizes human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells to heat and radiation. (1991)

We report here that infection of the human T-cell line HUT-78 with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases its sensitivity to heat and radiation toxicity. A possible explanation for this result may be the reduced expression of manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in HIV-infected cells compared to uninfected cells. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) further sensitizes HIV-infected cells but not uninfected cells to heat and radiation. This is consistent with the ability of TNF-alpha to induce the expression of MnSOD in uninfected but not in HIV-infected cells. HIV-infected HUT-78 cell lines engineered to overexpress MnSOD are more resistant to heat and radiation than HIV-infected cells that do not overexpress MnSOD. However, treatment with TNF-alpha still sensitizes these cells to heat and radiation.
Structural Basis of Antibody–Antigen Interactions (2009)

Antibody molecules can be regarded as products of a protein engineering system for the generation of a virtually unlimited repertoire of complementary molecular surfaces. This extreme structural heterogeneity is required for recognition of the nearly infinite array of antigenic determinants. This chapter discusses the structures of antibodies and their specific recognition of antigens, the binding energetics of these interactions, the cross-reactivity and specificity of antibody-antigen interactions, the role of conformational flexibility in antigen recognition, and the structural basis of the antibody affinity maturation process.
Charge trapping and mechanism of stimulated luminescence in CaS:Ce,Sm (1989)

Optically and thermally stimulated luminescence in CaS:Ce,Sm have been studied. Subsequent to exposure to ionizing radiation, this material can be optically stimulated by infrared laser sources such as an InGaAsP (1.20 μm) laser and a Nd:YAG (1.06 μm) laser. The resulting optically stimulated luminescence is the characteristic Ce3+ doublet emission. This material has a deep trap with a ∼330 °C thermoluminescence peak. However, the thermal stimulation results in both Sm3+ and Ce3+ characteristic emissions. It appears that charge compensation in the form of additional sulfur ions in the interstitials is possible in CaS:Ce,Sm and the charge motion between the Ce3+ ions at different symmetry sites results in Ce3+ emissions from the 330 °C peak.
Improving MapReduce performance in heterogeneous environments (2008)

MapReduce is emerging as an important programming model for large-scale data-parallel applications such as web indexing, data mining, and scientific simulation. Hadoop is an open-source implementation of MapReduce enjoying wide adoption and is often used for short jobs where low response time is critical. Hadoop's performance is closely tied to its task scheduler, which implicitly assumes that cluster nodes are homogeneous and tasks make progress linearly, and uses these assumptions to decide when to speculatively re-execute tasks that appear to be stragglers. In practice, the homogeneity assumptions do not always hold. An especially compelling setting where this occurs is a virtualized data center, such as Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). We show that Hadoop's scheduler can cause severe performance degradation in heterogeneous environments. We design a new scheduling algorithm, Longest Approximate Time to End (LATE), that is highly robust to heterogeneity. LATE can improve Hadoop response times by a factor of 2 in clusters of 200 virtual machines on EC2.
Nearest-neighbor thermodynamics of deoxyinosine pairs in DNA duplexes (2005)

Nearest-neighbor thermodynamic parameters of the ‘universal pairing base’ deoxyinosine were determined for the pairs I·C, I·A, I·T, I·G and I·I adjacent to G·C and A·T pairs. Ultraviolet absorbance melting curves were measured and non-linear regression performed on 84 oligonucleotide duplexes with 9 or 12 bp lengths. These data were combined with data for 13 inosine containing duplexes from the literature. Multiple linear regression was used to solve for the 32 nearest-neighbor unknowns. The parameters predict the T(m) for all sequences within 1.2°C on average. The general trend in decreasing stability is I·C > I·A > I·T ≈ I· G > I·I. The stability trend for the base pair 5′ of the I·X pair is G·C > C·G > A·T > T·A. The stability trend for the base pair 3′ of I·X is the same. These trends indicate a complex interplay between H-bonding, nearest-neighbor stacking, and mismatch geometry. A survey of 14 tandem inosine pairs and 8 tandem self-complementary inosine pairs is also provided. These results may be used in the design of degenerate PCR primers and for degenerate microarray probes.
MiR‐26 controls LXR‐dependent cholesterol efflux by targeting ABCA1 and ARL7 (2012)

Cellular cholesterol levels are tightly regulated and represent a balance of cholesterol uptake, endogenous synthesis and efflux. Although the classic transcriptional regulations of cholesterol metabolism by liver X receptors (LXRs) have been well studied, the potential effects of LXR-responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) still need to be unveiled. Here, we describe that miR-26, an LXR-suppressed miRNA, inhibits the expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ADP-ribosylation factor-like 7 (ARL7), two LXR target genes which play critical roles in cholesterol efflux. These findings have not only figured out an alternative mechanism for LXR regulation, but also provided a potential therapeutic target for cholesterol metabolic disorders.