gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HEME PIGMENT CONTENT OF BOVINE HEMOPOIETIC MARROW AND MUSCLE (1980)

ABSTRACT Hemopoietic marrow from the cervical and lumbar vertebrae and muscle adjacent to the vertebrae of four veal, four steers, and four cows were analyzed for total pigment, hemoglobin, myoglobin, and iron. Total pigment, hemoglobin, and iron were higher in marrow than in muscle. Hemoglobin and iron content of marrow remained relatively constant with increasing age while myoglobin and iron content of muscle doubled in steers and tripled in cows when the values were compared to those of veal. Pigment and iron interactions for age times location occurred because marrow from the lumbar vertebrae became fatter sooner than marrow from cervical vertebrae. Storing muscle or marrow 1‐wk at 2°C or freezing muscle or marrow at ‐29°C for 60 days prior to analyses did not change total pigment concentration or hemoglobin and myoglobin percentages in tissue. Mechanically processed beef product (MPP) is a mixture of muscle and marrow and the amount of total pigment increases as the amount of hemoglobin from marrow increases. Therefore, total pigment determination offers a simple method for estimating marrow content of MPP provided constant total pigment values for muscle and marrow by age of animals and by anatomical location can be established.
Complex carbohydrates as differentiation markers in malignant blood cells: glycolipids in the human leukemias. (1981)

This article summarizes the data on chemical sequencing of human leukocyte cell surface glycolipids that we have obtained over the last 3 years. The purpose of the work was to determine if these cell surface glycoconjugates differ among different leukocyte populations and at different stages of development. In homogeneous form we purified large numbers of leukocytes from normal persons and persons with acute and chronic leukemias of myeloid and lymphoid types, using continuous flow centrifugation leukapheresis. We extracted the glycolipids from these cells and used thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, direct probe mass spectrometry, and enzyme treatment to obtain complete structural information on these compounds. Twenty glycolipids were identified and sequenced, representing over 99% of the glycolipids of human leukocytes. The major findings are that human leukocytes possess glycolipid patterns that distinguish them from other blood cells. Additionally, leukocytes of "myeloid' and "lymphoid' types can be distinguished by their glycolipid type. Glycolipids in human leukemic cells show two main features: (1) even though the cells appear morphologically "undifferentiated', all leukemias can be classified on the basis of their glycolipids as "myeloid' or "lymphoid'; (2) the complexity of their cell surface glycolipids is correlated with their degree of morphologic "differentiation', the more differentiated leukemias having more complex structures. No glycolipids were found in leukemic leukocytes that were not found in the normal cells. Glycolipids would therefore appear to be useful as both cell- and possibly differentiation-specific markers in human blood cells. The antigenic differences seen in human leukemic cells may be due in part to an altered distribution of complex carbohydrates at the cell surface.
A dynamic model for optical-fiber coating application (1990)

A dynamic model based upon mechanical and acoustical impedances, which was developed to characterize the process of applying polymer coating to lightguide fiber during the draw process, is presented. The dynamic behavior is influenced by pressure, material temperature, and component geometry.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Gastrointestinal Regulation of Food Intake: General Aspects and Focus on Anandamide and Oleoylethanolamide (2008)

The gastrointestinal tract plays a pivotal role in the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Signals from the gastrointestinal tract generally function to limit ingestion in the interest of efficient digestion. These signals may be released into the bloodstream or may activate afferent neurones that carry information to the brain and its cognitive centres, which regulates food intake. The rate at which nutrients become systemically available is also influenced by gastrointestinal motility: a delay in gastric emptying may evoke a satiety effect. Recent evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid anandamide and the related acylethanolamide oleoylethanolamide are produced in the intestine and might regulate feeding behaviour by engaging sensory afferent neurones that converge information to specific areas of the brain. The intestinal levels of these acylethanolamides are inversely correlated to feeding, as food deprivation increases intestinal levels of anandamide (which acts in the gut as a 'hunger signal'), while it decreases the levels of oleoylethanolamide (which acts in the gut as a 'satiety signal'). Additionally, these acylethanolamides, whose gastric levels change in response to diet-induced obesity, alter gastrointestinal motility, which might contribute to their effect on food intake and nutrient absorption.
A PPG sensor for continuous cuffless blood pressure monitoring with self-adaptive signal processing (2017)

A new portable PPG-BP device designed for continuously measuring blood pressure (BP) without a cuff is proposed in this study. This continuous and long-time BP monitoring enabled herein by the proposed portable cuffless BP sensor. Towards the aforementioned goal, the sensor is designed capable of detecting in real time, non-invasively and continuously the temporal intravascular blood volume change based on the principle of photoplethysmograph (PPG) for estimating BP. The hardware of the sensor consists mainly of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in wavelengths of 660 nm, a photo detectors (PD), and also signal processing chips to read output signals of the PD. The PD readout circuit includes a PD pre-amplifier, a band-pass filter, a programmable gain amplifier (PGA), a microcontroller unit for calculation and a wireless module for communication. A laptop is also used to display continuous BPs and conducts statistical analysis and displaying results. 27 subjects participated in the experimental validation, in which the obtained BPs are calibrated by and then compared with the results from a commercial blood pressure monitor by OMRON. The resultant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is capable of rising more than 15%, correlation coefficient, R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are 0.89 and 0.98, respectively.
Deep Communicating Agents for Abstractive Summarization (2018)

Asli Celikyilmaz, Antoine Bosselut, Xiaodong He, Yejin Choi. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers). 2018.
DOCK180, a Major CRK-Binding Protein, Alters Cell Morphology upon Translocation to the Cell Membrane (1996)

CRK belongs to a family of adaptor proteins that consist mostly of SH2 and SH3 domains. Far Western blotting with CRK SH3 has demonstrated that it binds to 135- to 145-, 160-, and 180-kDa proteins. The 135- to 145-kDa protein is C3G, a CRK SH3-binding guanine nucleotide exchange protein. Here, we report on the molecular cloning of the 180-kDa protein, which is designated DOCK180 (180-kDa protein downstream of CRK). The isolated cDNA contains a 5,598-bp open reading frame encoding an 1,866-amino-acid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence did not reveal any significant homology to known proteins, except that an SH3 domain was identified at its amino terminus. To examine the function of DOCK180, a Ki-Ras farnesylation signal was fused to the carboxyl terminus of DOCK180, a strategy that has been employed successfully for activation of adaptor-binding proteins in vivo. Whereas wild-type DOCK180 accumulated diffusely in the cytoplasm and did not have any effect on cell morphology, farnesylated DOCK180 was localized on the cytoplasmic membrane and changed spindle 3T3 cells to flat, polygonal cells. These results suggest that DOCK180 is a new effector molecule which transduces signals from tyrosine kinases through the CRK adaptor protein.
Designing a Pronucleotide Stratagem: Lessons from Amino Acid Phosphoramidates of Anticancer and Antiviral Pyrimidines (2004)

Phosphoramidate pronucleotides have proven to be an effective strategy for the intracellular delivery of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. This review will summarize our efforts to understand the in vitro and in vivo behavior of phosphoramidate monoesters of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine (FLT) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR). Insights drawn from these studies have proved valuable for the future design of phosphoramidate-based pronucleotides.
Paper 8: Forces Transmitted by Joints in the Human Body (1966)

A technique has been developed which allows the assessment of the variation with time of the magnitude and direction of the resultant forces transmitted at joints in the human body during normal activity. Tests have been performed on joints in the lower limb and typical patterns of variation of force with time and leg position are shown for normal test subjects walking on level surfaces. The test procedure involves the measurement of external force actions transmitted to the leg and their correlation with photographic records. This information is processed to obtain the resultant force and moment actions at the joint, taking account of the effect of gravity and accelerations. The moment actions are transmitted by the development of tension in muscular or ligamentous connections crossing the joint and the corresponding reaction at the joint. Generally, the number of muscular or ligamentous connections exceeds the number of available equilibrium equations. A guide to the muscles which are acting at any instant is obtained by the myoelectric signals picked up by electrodes secured to the skin over the muscles. Even with this information, an explicit solution is generally not possible and the information is presented as curves of upper and lower limits of joint force corresponding to the use of muscles having the greatest or least moment arm.
Rat models of myocardial infarction (2006)

Animal models of cardiovascular pathology contribute towards understanding and treatment of a broad range of conditions. Specifically in the context of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), rat models have been commonly used in studies of pathogenesis, investigation and novel therapies, although there has often been difficulty in translating experimental findings to clinical benefit. However, recent years have seen two important changes to our clinical approaches to AMI. First, there is increasing recognition that the pathophysiology of human AMI is a process occurring at many levels, not just within the epicardial coronary artery, but also within the microvasculature and the myocardium. Second, contemporary treatments are shifting away from thrombolytic dissolution of epicardial coronary thrombus to direct mechanical approaches using angioplasty and stents. These changes in our understanding of AMI have implications for the relevance of these animal models. The following discussion therefore reviews and examines the current rat models of AMI, places them in a clinical context, discusses their advantages and limitations, and outlines likely future developments, providing an overview of the place of these important models of AMI.
Cheletropic Traps for the Fluorescence Spectroscopic Detection of Nitric Oxide (Nitrogen Monoxide) in Biological Systems (1999)

Membrane-permeable, phenanthrene-derived o-quinodimethanes of type 1 react with nitric oxide in a cheletropic fashion to produce fluorescent nitroxide radicals 2 and hydroxylamines 3. This method allows the sensitive and quantitative detection of nitric oxide production in biological samples by means of fluorescence microscopy, as is demonstrated by the monitoring of NO production from alveolar macrophages.
Business Information Courses in LIS Programs (2005)

Abstract This study examines the course content of business information courses offered in accredited library and information studies programs in the United States. Syllabi for courses offered in 2002-2003 were examined to determine coverage of general topics and specific business subjects; characteristics of the instructor; textbooks and other materials used; course assignments; projects and examinations; and the use of guest lecturers and tours as part of the course. The study shows that there is a great deal of variability in the content of business information courses in LIS programs. Common content includes coverage of online databases; introduction to business librarianship; and company, industry, and investment information.
Intracellular Hyperthermia for Cancer Using Magnetite Cationic Liposomes: Ex vivo Study (1997)

Heating properties of magnetite cationic liposomes (MCL) were investigated in ex vivo experiments using implanted cell pellets. The cell pellets, which consisted of rat glioma T9 cells into which MCL had been incorporated in a petri dish, were implanted subcutaneously in the left femoral region of female F344 rats. The rats were placed in a magnetic field generating coil and irradiated with an alternating magnetic field (384 Oe, 118 kHz) for 60 min. The cell pellets were heated to over 43 degrees C by MCL in the magnetic field, but other body parts of the rats were not heated. After 3 cycles of magnetic heating, all glioma cells were killed and no tumor take was observed.
Synthesis of soluble quinacridones (1992)

Abstract The synthesis of 4,11‐dialkylthioquinacridones and 5,12‐dialkyl‐4,11‐dialkylthioquinacridone from o ‐alkylthioanilines and diethyl 2,5‐dioxo‐1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate is described. These compounds are easily soluble in organic solvents in contrast to unsubstituted quinacridone.
Cytokinin Oxidase from Phaseolus vulgaris Callus Cultures (1988)

Cytokinin oxidase activity from Phaseolus vulgaris cv Great Northern callus cultures exhibited affinity for the lectin concanavalin A. Over 80% of the activity extracted from the callus tissue bound to a concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B column. The bound activity was eluted from the column by the addition of methylmannose to the eluting buffer. On the basis of this result, it appears that most of the cyokinin oxidase activity present in Great Northern callus cultures exists in the form of a glycoprotein. The apparent pI of this enzyme, as estimated by chromatofocusing, is approximately 5.0.
Anhydrous Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride (2005)

Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) is prepared at low temperature by nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hexafluorobenzene with tetrabutylammonium cyanide. Adventitious water is scavenged during this synthesis by the generated hexacyanobenzene, which readily adds water under basic conditions. Contrary to expectations, TBAF is stable to Hofmann elimination in polar aprotic solvents under anhydrous conditions. Added hydroxylic solvents are shown to catalyze the decomposition of TBAF and to catalyze proton exchange with DMSO. The synthetic utility of this salt is described briefly.
Partitioning 3D surface meshes using watershed segmentation (1999)

This paper describes a method for partitioning 3D surface meshes into useful segments. The proposed method generalizes morphological watersheds, an image segmentation technique, to 3D surfaces. This surface segmentation uses the total curvature of the surface as an indication of region boundaries. The surface is segmented into patches, where each patch has a relatively consistent curvature throughout, and is bounded by areas of higher, or drastically different, curvature. This algorithm has applications for a variety of important problems in visualization and geometrical modeling including 3D feature extraction, mesh reduction, texture mapping 3D surfaces, and computer aided design.
Disruption of Six Novel Yeast Genes Reveals Three Genes Essential for Vegetative Growth and One Required for Growth at Low Temperature (1997)

We describe here the construction of six deletion mutants and their basic phenotypic analysis. Six open reading frames (ORFs) from chromosome X, YJR039w, YJR041c, YJR043c, YJR046w, YJR053w and YJR065c, were disrupted by deletion cassettes with long (LFH) or short (SFH) flanking regions homologous to the target locus. The LFH deletion cassette was made by introducing into the kanMX4 marker module two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments several hundred base pairs (bp) in size homologous to the promoter and terminator regions of a given ORF. The SFH gene disruption construct was obtained by PCR amplification of the kanMX4 marker with primers providing homology to the target gene. The region of homology to mediate homologous recombination was about 70 bp. Sporulation and tetrad analysis revealed that ORFs YJR041c, YJR046w and YJR065c are essential genes. Complementation tests by corresponding cognate gene clones confirmed this observation. The non-growing haploid segregants were observed under the microscope. The yjr041c delta haploid cells gave rise to microcolonies comprising about 20 to 50 cells. Most yjr046w delta cells were blocked after one or two cell cycles with heterogeneous bud sizes. The yjr065c delta cells displayed an unbudded spore or were arrested before completion of the first cell division cycle with a bud of variable size. The deduced protein of ORF YJR065c, that we named Act4, belongs to the Arp3 family of actin-related proteins. Three other ORFs, YJR039w, YJR043c and YJR053w are non-essential genes. The yjr043c delta cells hardly grew at 15 degrees C, indicating that this gene is required for growth at low temperature. Complementation tests confirmed that the disruption of YJR043c is responsible for this growth defect. In addition, the mating efficiency of yjr043c delta and yjr053w delta cells appear to be moderately affected.
The Genome of Fowlpox Virus (2000)

Here we present the genomic sequence, with analysis, of a pathogenic fowlpox virus (FPV). The 288-kbp FPV genome consists of a central coding region bounded by identical 9.5-kbp inverted terminal repeats and contains 260 open reading frames, of which 101 exhibit similarity to genes of known function. Comparison of the FPV genome with those of other chordopoxviruses (ChPVs) revealed 65 conserved gene homologues, encoding proteins involved in transcription and mRNA biogenesis, nucleotide metabolism, DNA replication and repair, protein processing, and virion structure. Comparison of the FPV genome with those of other ChPVs revealed extensive genome colinearity which is interrupted in FPV by a translocation and a major inversion, the presence of multiple and in some cases large gene families, and novel cellular homologues. Large numbers of cellular homologues together with 10 multigene families largely account for the marked size difference between the FPV genome (260 to 309 kbp) and other known ChPV genomes (178 to 191 kbp). Predicted proteins with putative functions involving immune evasion included eight natural killer cell receptors, four CC chemokines, three G-protein-coupled receptors, two beta nerve growth factors, transforming growth factor beta, interleukin-18-binding protein, semaphorin, and five serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins). Other potential FPV host range proteins included homologues of those involved in apoptosis (e.g., Bcl-2 protein), cell growth (e.g., epidermal growth factor domain protein), tissue tropism (e.g., ankyrin repeat-containing gene family, N1R/p28 gene family, and a T10 homologue), and avian host range (e.g., a protein present in both fowl adenovirus and Marek's disease virus). The presence of homologues of genes encoding proteins involved in steroid biogenesis (e.g., hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), antioxidant functions (e.g., glutathione peroxidase), vesicle trafficking (e.g., two alpha-type soluble NSF attachment proteins), and other, unknown conserved cellular processes (e.g., Hal3 domain protein and GSN1/SUR4) suggests that significant modification of host cell function occurs upon viral infection. The presence of a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase homologue in FPV suggests the presence of a photoreactivation DNA repair pathway. This diverse complement of genes with likely host range functions in FPV suggests significant viral adaptation to the avian host.
Adenoviral Producer Cells (2010)

Adenovirus (Ad) vectors, in particular those of the serotype 5, are highly attractive for a wide range of gene therapy, vaccine and virotherapy applications (as discussed in further detail in this issue). Wild type Ad5 virus can replicate in numerous tissue types but to use Ad vectors for therapeutic purposes the viral genome requires modification. In particular, if the viral genome is modified in such a way that the viral life cycle is interfered with, a specific producer cell line is required to provide trans-complementation to overcome the modification and allow viral production. This can occur in two ways; use of a producer cell line that contains specific adenoviral sequences incorporated into the cell genome to trans-complement, or use of a producer cell line that naturally complements for the modified Ad vector genome. This review concentrates on producer cell lines that complement non-replicating adenoviral vectors, starting with the historical HEK293 cell line developed in 1977 for first generation Ad vectors. In addition the problem of replication-competent adenovirus (RCA) contamination in viral preparations from HEK293 cells is addressed leading to the development of alternate cell lines. Furthermore novel cell lines for more complex Ad vectors and alternate serotype Ad vectors are discussed.
Analysis of Stress-Induced or Salicylic Acid-Induced Expression of the Pathogenesis-Related 1a Protein Gene in Transgenic Tobacco (1990)

Masahiro Ohshima, Hirotaka Itoh, Makoto Matsuoka, Taka Murakami, Yuko Ohashi, Analysis of Stress-Induced or Salicylic Acid-Induced Expression of the Pathogenesis-Related 1a Protein Gene in Transgenic Tobacco, The Plant Cell, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Feb., 1990), pp. 95-106