gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunological Parameters of Periparturient Holstein Cattle: Genetic Variation (1994)

The genetic variability of blood neutrophil functions, lymphocyte blastogenic responses to mitogens, serum Ig concentrations, and serum complement and conglutinin activities was investigated from 35 d prepartum to 35 d postpartum for 137 Holstein cows. Periparturient cows experience an immunosuppression of various immunologic parameters at calving. Heritability estimates were obtained before, during, and after the episodes of immunosuppression. Significant genetic variability occurred in the periparturient changes for total number of neutrophils, neutrophil chemokinesis, assays of the neutrophil respiratory burst associated with phagocytosis (cytochrome c reduction, chemiluminescence, and iodination), serum concentrations of IgG1, IgG2, and IgM, and serum homolytic complement activity. This variability implies that immune profiles could be used for the selection of cattle with improved innate immune response without adverse effects on milk productivity. These results should be considered tentative, however, because the number of observations included in the data were limited.
Possible Involvement of Leukocytic Endogenous Mediator in Granulopoiesis (1977)

SummaryRepeated injections of leukocytic endogenous mediator (LEM) were given every 8 hr to rats for 10 days. Peripheral blood neutrophils were elevated rapidly and after several injections were maintained at six- to eightfold normal levels. Mature bone marrow neutrophils were depressed after the first injection and immature marrow neutrophils increased after the tenth injection. Serum from rats receiving multiple. LEM injections had increased amounts of colony-stimulating factor (CSF). Increased bone marrow colony stimulation also resulted when LEM was added directly to agar culture plates of bone marrow cells. This occurred only in the presence of rat serum and the population of adherent bone marrow cells. It was suggested that LEM in the presence of serum acts on mature mono-cytes to promote the release of CSF.The authors thank Mr. Robert McArthur for his excellent technical assistance.
Recent advances in particle and droplet manipulation for lab-on-a-chip devices based on surface acoustic waves (2011)

Manipulation of microscale particles and fluid liquid droplets is an important task for lab-on-a-chip devices for numerous biological researches and applications, such as cell detection and tissue engineering. Particle manipulation techniques based on surface acoustic waves (SAWs) appear effective for lab-on-a-chip devices because they are non-invasive, compatible with soft lithography micromachining, have high energy density, and work for nearly any type of microscale particles. Here we review the most recent research and development of the past two years in SAW based particle and liquid droplet manipulation for lab-on-a-chip devices including particle focusing and separation, particle alignment and patterning, particle directing, and liquid droplet delivery.
Functional sensitivity of polar surfaces on transmembrane helix 8 and cytoplasmic loop 8-9 of the Escherichia coli GABA (4-aminobutyrate) transporter encoded by gabP: mutagenic analysis of a consensus amphipathic region found in transporters from bacteria to mammals (1998)

The gab permease (GabP) catalyses transport of GABA (4-aminobutyrate) into Escherichia coli. Although GabP can recognize and transport many GABA analogues that exhibit activity at GABAergic synapses in the nervous system, the protein domains responsible for these transport and ligand recognition properties have not been studied. Here we report that an amphipathic domain extending through putative transmembrane helix 8 and into the adjoining cytoplasmic region (loop 8-9) contains a critical 20 residue zone within which mutagenesis of polar amino acids has a deleterious effect on [3H]GABA transport activity. This functionally important amphipathic domain is found to be highly conserved in the many APC family transporters that are homologous to GabP. And even though members of the GAT family of GABA transporters from the animal nervous system are not homologous to GabP, an analogous amphipathic structure is found in their loop 8-9 region. These results and observations suggest: (1) that the consensus amphipathic region (CAR) in the putative helix 8 and loop 8-9 region of GabP has functional significance, and (2) that nature has repeatedly used this CAR in transporters from bacteria to mammals.
Alkyl Halide‐Free Heteroatom Alkylation and Epoxidation Facilitated by a Recyclable Polymer‐Supported Oxidant for the In‐Flow Preparation of Diazo Compounds (2015)

Highly reactive metal carbenes, generated from simple ketones via diazo compounds, including diazo-amides and -phosphonates, using a recyclable reagent in-flow, are transient but versatile electrophiles for heteroatom alkylation reactions and for epoxide formation. The method produces no organic waste, with the only by-products being water, KI and nitrogen, without the attendant hazards of isolation of intermediate diazo compounds.
Adaptive frame length control for improving wireless link throughput, range, and energy efficiency (2002)

Wireless network links are characterized by rapidly time varying channel conditions and battery energy limitations at the wireless mobile user nodes. Therefore static link control techniques that make sense in comparatively well behaved wired links do not necessarily apply to wireless links. New adaptive link layer control techniques are needed to provide robust and energy efficient operation even in the presence of orders of magnitude variations in bit error rates and other radio channel conditions. For example, research has advocated adaptive link layer techniques such as adaptive error control, channel state dependent protocols, and variable spreading gain. We explore dynamic sizing of the MAC layer frame, the atomic unit that is sent through the radio channel. A trade-off exists between the desire to reduce the header and physical layer overhead by making frames large, and the need to reduce frame error rates in the noisy channel by using small frame lengths. Clearly the optimum depends on the channel conditions. Through analysis supported by physical measurements with Lucent's WaveLAN radio we show that adaptive sizing of the MAC layer frame in the presence of varying channel noise indeed has a large impact on the user seen throughput (goodput). In addition, we show how that adaptive frame length control can be exploited to improve the energy efficiency for a desired level of goodput, and to extend the usable radio range with graceful throughput degradation. We describe the implementation of the adaptive MAC frame length control mechanism in combination with adaptive hybrid FEC/ARQ error control in a reconfigurable wireless link layer packet processing architecture for a low-power adaptive wireless multimedia node.
Nasal inhalation of the glucocorticoid budesonide from a spacer for the treatment of patients with pollen rhinitis and asthma (1990)

Glucocorticoid sprays are increasingly used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. This therapy is highly effective, and side effects are few and mild. It was the aim of the present study to evaluate a physiological nasal inhalation technique, which results in airway deposition of the steroid molecule similar to that of inhaled allergen particles. Thirty adults with grass pollen-induced rhinitis and asthma inhaled the steroid molecule budesonide through the nose from a pressurized aerosol attached to a spacer device. Compared with inhalation of placebo, the treatment resulted in a significant reduction of nasal symptoms (P = 0.005), of bronchial symptoms (P = 0.005), but not of eye symptoms. In addition, nasal peak inspiratory flow (P = 0.0003) and oral peak expiratory flow (P = 0.02) increased. There was no difference between budesonide and placebo with regard to local side effects, such as nose bleeding, hoarseness, and irritation in mouth and throat. It is concluded that nasal inhalation of a steroid from a spacer offers effective therapy of pollen rhinitis and asthma without significant local side effects. This therapeutic modality may have advantages over the ordinarily used nasal and bronchial spray treatment in patients with both rhinitis and asthma, especially when conventional spray therapy is associated with local side effects.
Multiresolution imaging in elastography (1998)

The range of strains that can be imaged by any practical elastographic imaging system is inherently limited, and a performance measure is valuable to evaluate these systems from the signal and noise properties of their output images. Such a measure was previously formulated for systems employing cross-correlation based time-delay estimators through the strain filter. While the strain filter predicts the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR(e)) for each tissue strain in the elastogram and provides valuable insights into the nature of image noise, it understated the effects of image resolution (axial resolution, as determined by the cross-correlation window length) on the noise. In this work, the strain filter is modified to study the strain noise at multiple resolutions. The effects of finite window length on signal decorrelation and on the variance of the strain estimator are investigated. Long-duration windows are preferred for improved sensitivity, dynamic range, and SNR(e). However, in this limit the elastogram is degraded due to poor resolution. The results indicate that for nonzero strain, a window length exists at which the variance of strain estimator attains its minima, and consequently the elastographic sensitivity, dynamic range and SNR(e) are strongly affected by the selected window length. Simulation results corroborate the theoretical results, illustrating the presence of a window length where the strain estimation variance is minimized for a given strain value. Multiresolution elastography, where the strain estimate with the highest SNR(e) obtained by processing the pre- and post-compression waveforms at different window lengths is used to generate a composite elastogram and is proposed to improve elastograms. All the objective elastogram parameters (namely: SNR(e), dynamic range, sensitivity and the average elastographic resolution-defined as the cross-correlation window length) are improved with multiresolution elastography when compared to the traditional method of utilizing a single window length to generate the elastogram. Experimental results using a phantom with a hard inclusion illustrates the improvement in elastogram obtained using multiresolution analysis.
The homologous and heterologous regions within the iap gene allow genus- and species-specific identification of Listeria spp. by polymerase chain reaction (1992)

The iap gene of Listeria species encodes protein p60. The comparison of iap-related genes from different Listeria species indicated common and variable regions within these genes which appeared to be specific for each Listeria species. On the basis of the iap gene sequences, pairs of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers which allowed the unambiguous identification of all members of the genus Listeria, of groups of related Listeria species, and of L. monocytogenes, exclusively, were selected. The PCR primers specific for L. monocytogenes yielded PCR products which represented essentially the repeat region of the iap gene. The size of these PCR products allowed an estimate of the number of the TN repeat units within the repeat region of the p60 protein of an L. monocytogenes strain. The data indicated that the number of repeat units differed among L. monocytogenes isolates.
149. Synthetic antimalarials. Part X. Some aryl-diguanide (“-biguanide”) derivatives (1946)

F. H. S. Curd and F. L. Rose, J. Chem. Soc., 1946, 729 DOI: 10.1039/JR9460000729
Exploring Flow, Factors, and Outcomes of Temporal Event Sequences with the Outflow Visualization (2012)

Event sequence data is common in many domains, ranging from electronic medical records (EMRs) to sports events. Moreover, such sequences often result in measurable outcomes (e.g., life or death, win or loss). Collections of event sequences can be aggregated together to form event progression pathways. These pathways can then be connected with outcomes to model how alternative chains of events may lead to different results. This paper describes the Outflow visualization technique, designed to (1) aggregate multiple event sequences, (2) display the aggregate pathways through different event states with timing and cardinality, (3) summarize the pathways' corresponding outcomes, and (4) allow users to explore external factors that correlate with specific pathway state transitions. Results from a user study with twelve participants show that users were able to learn how to use Outflow easily with limited training and perform a range of tasks both accurately and rapidly.
Minimization of a Polypeptide Hormone (1995)

A stepwise approach for reducing the size of a polypeptide hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), from 28 residues to 15 while retaining high biopotency is described. Systematic structural and functional analysis identified a discontinuous functional epitope for receptor binding and activation, most of which was placed onto a smaller ring (Cys6 to Cys17) that was created by repositioning the ANP native disulfide bond (Cys7 to Cys23). High affinity was subsequently restored by optimizing the remaining noncritical residues by means of phage display. Residues that flanked the mini-ring structure were then deleted in stages, and affinity losses were rectified by additional phage-sorting experiments. Thus, structural and functional data on hormones, coupled with phage display methods, can be used to shrink the hormones to moieties more amendable to small-molecule design.
Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against atrial natriuretic polypeptide precursor and application to highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay (1988)

We produced three monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes of the precursor form of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP), gamma-human ANP (gamma-hANP) [human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)-(1-126)]. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared by fusion of mouse myeloma cells X63-Ag8.653 with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with synthetic alpha-hANP or gamma-hANP-(1-25) [human ANF-(1-25)] conjugated to thyroglobulin. Of three monoclonal antibodies obtained, two were directed against the alpha-ANP sequence: one antibody (KY-ANP-I) recognizes the N-terminal half of the ring structure, while the other (KY-ANP-II) recognizes the N-terminal sequence of alpha-hANP. The third antibody (KY-ANP-III) was against gamma-hANP-(1-25). With the aid of rabbit polyclonal anti-alpha-ANP-(17-28), we developed sandwich enzyme immunoassays. An enzyme immunoassay for alpha-hANP using KY-ANP-I and polyclonal Fab' was very sensitive (0.01 fmol/tube) and we could detect 0.6 pg/ml of plasma alpha-hANP without extraction. Thus, monoclonal antibodies against gamma-ANP are useful tools for investigating the significance of ANP and related peptides derived from gamma-ANP.
A sporozoan found in the peptic glands of the common mouse (1907)

This organism occurs frequently in the gastric glands of tame mice, but has not yet been found in wild mice, of which only a small number have been examined. It is extracellular in all stages of its development thus far observed. It presents structural characteristics without which it would be impossible for it to develop on the surface of the secreting gland-epithelium, and also produces structural changes in the gastric mucosa so that it is to be considered a true parasite. It is evident, from the morphological study of the various forms present, that this parasite has an asexual and a sexual mode of reproduction. All forms during their growth possess a definite limiting membrane at one point of which is a knob-like projection which represents an organ of attachment, evidently analogous to the epimeute of the Gregarinida. This projection gives to the organism a somewhat flask-shaped form. Occasionally a delicate thread extends outward from this projection, but I have been unable to determine whether or not this belongs to the structure of the organism. One or more globules, which are stained either by Sudan III or by osmic acid, are found in each organism. In ordinary preparations these appear as vacuoles. The developmental stages are briefly outlined in the following description. Cryptosporidium muris, spec. nov. (unclassified). Development extracellular. In form flask-shaped, either spheroidal or ellipsoidal. All forms, during the period of growth, possess a relatively thin limiting membrane, an organ of attachment (epimerite?), and each contains one or more globules of fat which during segmentation are to be found in the residual body. Schizont, after division of its chromatin, segments into eight banana-shaped merozoites, each possessing a demonstrable nucleus with a single karyosome.
Epithelial Antibiotics Induced at Sites of Inflammation (1995)

The role of antimicrobial peptides in epithelial defense is not fully understood. An epithelial β-defensin, lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), was isolated from bovine tongue and the corresponding complementary DNA cloned. LAP showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal activities. LAP messenger RNA abundance was markedly increased in the epithelium surrounding naturally occurring tongue lesions. This increase coincided with the cellular hallmarks of acute and chronic inflammation in the underlying lamina propria, supporting a role for epithelial antimicrobial peptides as integral components of the inflammatory response.
Amorphous lanthanide-doped TiOx dielectric films (1999)

Addition of Nd, Tb, or Dy to amorphous Ti–O thin films is found to improve the dielectric properties of the films. Specifically, substitution of 10–30 at. % of the dopant for Ti is found to dramatically decrease the leakage current, increase the breakdown voltage, and yet retain the relatively high dielectric constant ε=50–110 in films 35 nm thick. The high-specific-capacitance a-Ti1−yMyOx films thus produced are suitable for incorporation into future Si integrated circuit technology, e.g., for storage capacitors in semiconductor memory circuits.
Analysis of DsRed Mutants (2002)

Earlier mutagenesis of the red fluorescent protein drFP583, also called DsRed, resulted in a mutant named Fluorescent Timer (Terskikh, A., Fradkov, A., Ermakova, G., Zaraisky, A., Tan, P., Kajava, A. V., Zhao, X., Lukyanov, S., Matz, M., Kim, S., Weissman, I., and Siebert, P. (2000) Science 290, 1585--1588). Further mutagenesis generated variants with novel and improved fluorescent properties. The mutant called AG4 exhibits only green fluorescence. The mutant, called E5up (V105A), shows complete fluorophore maturation, eventually eliminating residual green fluorescence present in DsRed. Finally, the mutant, called E57 (V105A, I161T, S197A), matures faster than DsRed as demonstrated in vitro with purified protein and in vivo with recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli and Xenopus leavis. Comparative analysis of the mutants in the context of the crystal structure of DsRed suggests that mutants with free space around the fluorophore mature faster and more completely.
Real-time analysis of chemical reactions occurring at a surface-confined organic monolayer (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReal-time analysis of chemical reactions occurring at a surface-confined organic monolayerLi Sun, Ross C. Thomas, Richard M. Crooks, and Antonio J. RiccoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 22, 8550–8552Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00022a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00022a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Identification of the Major Positional Isomer of Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b (2000)

Interferons display a wide range of antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activities on a variety of cell types and have been used to treat many diseases including hairy-cell leukemia and hepatitis B and C and have also been applied to other therapeutic areas. To improve the pharmacological properties of interferon (IFN) alpha-2b, a long-acting pegylated form (PEG-IFN) has been developed [PEG, monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) with average molecular mass of 12 000 Da]. PEG-IFN is a mixture of pegylated proteins with differing sites of PEG attachment. To identify the major positional isomer in the pegylated material [PEG-IFN(His-34)], NMR studies were conducted on a subtilisin-digested N-acetylated peptide of the major positional isomer [PEG-IFN(His-34)dig], synthetic peptide analogues containing His-34, as well as unmodified IFN and PEG-IFN(His-34). Our studies reveal a novel interferon-polymer attachment site as a histidine-linked interferon conjugate. We show that the major component of PEG-IFN is pegylated in the imidazole side chain of histidine-34. Chemical shift data suggest that pegylation occurs mainly at the N(delta)(1) position in the imidazole side chain of this residue. This positional isomer, PEG-IFN(His-34), comprises approximately 47% of the total pegylated species when PEG-IFN is synthesized under the current experimental conditions at pH 6.5 with an electrophilic derivative of PEG, succinimidyl carbonate PEG. The reversibility of the histidine modification was examined. The PEG-imidazole adduct in the intact protein, PEG-IFN(His-34), is labile but much more stable than in the peptide, PEG-IFN(His-34)dig. Apparently, the tertiary structure of the intact protein protects the His(34)-imidazole ring from depegylation.