gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Catalytic System for the Selective Production of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural from Glucose and Fructose (2008)

Süße Substrate: Ein System aus ionischer Flüssigkeit (IL) und NHC-Cr liefert hocheffizient 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (1; NHC=N-heterocyclisches Carben) in den höchsten bisher mit den Ausgangsstoffen Fructose und Glucose erzielten Ausbeuten. Katalysator und IL tolerieren eine hohe Substratbeladung und können nach Extraktion des Produkts zurückgewonnen werden. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Circulating Nucleosomes: a New Addition to the Personalized Medicine Toolkit (2014)

Dr Stefan Holdenrieder is senior physician at the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital Bonn, Germany. He is an expert in the field of circulating tumor biomarkers and particularly circulating nucleosomes. He has conducted numerous clinical studies concerning the biomarker-based detection and monitoring of cancer diseases and has published more than 90 papers in recognized international journals.
Management of advanced services in H.323 Internet protocol telephony (2002)

The intelligent network (IN) represents the world-wide accepted basis for uniform provisioning of advanced telecommunication services. On the other hand IP-based communication is fast becoming a viable alternative for voice communications. Mobile agents offer unique opportunities for structuring and implementing open distributed service architectures, facilitated by the dynamic downloading and movement of service code to specific network nodes. In this paper, a new service architecture for IP telephony, based on the ITU-T standard H.323, is proposed. The implementation uses mobile agents and Jini as enabling technologies and existing architectural concepts taken from IN. This IP service architecture enables telecommunication services deployed through mobile service agents on a per-user basis, which results in several advantages when compared to centralized service architectures. The paper demonstrates that the flexible extensible architecture can accommodate not only existing services but is flexible enough to accommodate a wide variety of future services. In addition we show how the architecture addresses the full management life cycle of advanced services, from open third party creation, to subscription and utilization, and ultimately to maintenance and withdrawal.
Condensation of plasmid DNA with polylysine improves liposome-mediated gene transfer into established and primary muscle cells. (1996)

Cationic liposomes provide a means to introduce genes into cells both ex vivo and in vivo. In the past few years their use has been described in several tissues, e.g. lungs, liver, endothelium, brain. In this study we evaluated a commercially available poly-cationic liposome formulation in delivering a reporter gene into cultured myogenic cell lines from mouse and rat, and primary fetal human myoblasts. We also examined the effect of serum on liposome-mediated transfection and designed a new procedure to enhance transfection efficiency, based on the pre-condensation of plasmid DNA with polylysine. Polylysine pre-condensation was particularly effective when transfecting the cells in the presence of serum, a finding that could be significant for in vivo transfections.
Multiple instruction issue in the NonStop cyclone processor (1990)

This paper describes the architecture for issuing multiple instructions per clock in the NonStop Cyclone Processor. Pairs of instructions are fetched and decoded by a dual two-stage prefetch pipeline and passed to a dual six-stage pipeline for execution. Dynamic branch prediction is used to reduce branch penalties. A unique microcode routine for each pair is stored in the large duplexed control store. The microcode controls parallel data paths optimized for executing the most frequent instruction pairs. Other features of the architecture include cache support for unaligned double-precision accesses, a virtually-addressed main memory, and a novel precise exception mechanism.
Phosphorescent Organic Light-emitting Devices: Triplet Energy Management (2008)

This review paper describes the device performance and light-emission mechanism for phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), as well as energy transfer processes in phosphorescent host-guest systems. The characteristics of a green phosphorescent OLED, with representative guest and host materials, are presented and its working mechanism is discussed. To improve the emission efficiency, the confinement of triplet energy in the guest molecules is demonstrated for a blue phosphorescent OLED. Photoluminescence phenomena in phosphorescent host-guest systems are presented, and the energy transfers between the host and guest molecules are also discussed.
Vaccine Prevention of Maternal Cytomegalovirus Infection (2009)

CMV glycoprotein B vaccine has the potential to decrease incident cases of maternal and congenital CMV infection. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00125502.)
Nanoscale Corona Discharge in Liquids, Enabling Nanosecond Optical Emission Spectroscopy (2008)

My corona! A nonthermal corona discharge inside a liquid medium around electrodes with ultrasharp tips or elongated nanoparticles allows simultaneous chemical analysis of multiple dissolved elements within nanoseconds. The proposed optical emission spectroscopy method can be applied for ultrafast time-resolved multielemental analysis of femtoliter volumes of liquid with a one-micrometer spatial resolution. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z802891_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Umbilical cord blood transplantation: Where do we stand? (2002)

Although allogeneic stem cell transplantation can cure patients with hematologic malignancies, limiting factors such as lack of suitable donors and GVHD toxicity have led to the exploration of umbilical cord blood (UCB) as an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells. This overview examines the advantages and disadvantages of UCB as a donor source and reviews data from preclinical and clinical studies. Ethical issues regarding UCB transplantation are also addressed.
Case 4-2005 (2005)

A 35-year-old man who had recently emigrated from Brazil had swelling and pain in his right nostril that had worsened over six months. A physical examination disclosed swelling and erythema of the right nasal vestibule, with tenderness and crusting. The lesion did not respond to antibiotic therapy. A biopsy disclosed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation without evidence of microorganisms. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
TSOtool: a program for verifying memory systems using the memory consistency model (2004)

In this paper, we describe TSOtool, a program to check the behavior of the memory subsystem in a shared memory multiprocessor. TSOtool runs pseudo-randomly generated programs with data races on a system compliant with the total store order (TSO) memory consistency model; it then checks the results of the program against the formal TSO specification. Such analysis can expose subtle memory errors like data corruption, atomicity violation and illegal instruction ordering. While verifying TSO compliance completely is an NP-complete problem, we describe a new polynomial time algorithm which is incorporated in TSOtool. In spite of being incomplete, it has been successful in detecting several bugs in the design of commercial microprocessors and systems, during both pre-silicon and post-silicon phases of validation.
Single‐Cell Multiplex Gene Detection and Sequencing with Microfluidically Generated Agarose Emulsions (2010)

Solitary confinement: The described approach enabled high-throughput DNA preparation followed by multiplex emulsion PCR for the detection and sequencing of genetic targets (see picture). No droplet sorting was required, and single-cell segregation was maintained throughout owing to the incorporation of primer-functionalized beads as amplicon substrates. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Clonotypic structures involved in antigen-specific human T cell function. Relationship to the T3 molecular complex. (1983)

Monoclonal antibodies were produced against a human cytotoxic T cell clone, CT8III (specificity: HLA-A3), with the view of defining clonally restricted (clonotypic) surface molecules involved in its antigen recognition function. Two individual antibodies, termed anti-Ti1A and anti-Ti1B, reacted exclusively with the CT8III clone when tested on a panel of 80 additional clones from the same donor, resting or activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, thymocytes, or other hematopoietic cells. More importantly, the two antibodies inhibited cell-mediated killing and antigen-specific proliferation of the CT8III clone but did not affect the functions of any other clone tested. This inhibition was not secondary to generalized abrogation of the CT8III clone's function, because interleukin 2 responsiveness was enhanced. To examine the relationship of the structures defined by anti-clonotypic antibodies with known T cell surface molecules, antibody-induced modulation studies and competitive binding assays were performed. The results indicated that the clonotypic structures were associated with, but distinct from, the 20,000-mol wt T3 molecule expressed on all mature T lymphocytes. Moreover, in contrast to anti-T3, anti-Ti1A and anti-Ti1B each immunoprecipitated two molecules of 49,000 and 43,000-mol wt from 131I-labeled CT8III cells under reducing conditions. The development of monoclonal antibodies to such polymorphic T cell surface structures should provide important probes to further define the surface receptor for antigen.
Markers of tubular damage in pre-eclampsia. (1999)

In pre-eclampsia there is a tubular and glomerular damage to point out by an increased urinary excretion of NAG. In pre-eclampsia, an increase of urinary alpha 1-microglobulin excretion may be considered to be partly due to the overloading of the tubule and partly due to a mixed glomerular and tubular lesion.
Influence of MLH1 on colon cancer sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor combined with irinotecan (2013)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are currently evaluated in clinical trials in combination with topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors against a variety of cancers, including colon carcinoma. Since the mismatch repair component MLH1 is defective in 10-15% of colorectal cancers we have investigated whether MLH1 affects response to the Top1 inhibitor irinotecan, alone or in combination with PARPi. To this end, the colon cancer cell lines HCT116, carrying MLH1 mutations on chromosome 3 and HCT116 in which the wild-type MLH1 gene was replaced via chromosomal transfer (HCT116+3) or by transfection of the corresponding MLH1 cDNA (HCT116 1-2) were used. HCT116 cells or HCT116+3 cells stably silenced for PARP-1 expression were also analysed. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that MLH1, together with low levels of Top1, contributed to colon cancer resistance to irinotecan. In the MLH1-proficient cells SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan, induced lower levels of DNA damage than in MLH1-deficient cells, as shown by the weaker induction of γ-H2AX and p53 phosphorylation. The presence of MLH1 contributed to induce of prompt Chk1 phosphorylation, restoring G2/M cell cycle checkpoint and repair of DNA damage. On the contrary, in the absence of MLH1, HCT116 cells showed minor Chk1 phosphorylation and underwent apoptosis. Remarkably, inhibition of PARP function by PARPi or by PARP-1 gene silencing always increased the antitumor activity of irinotecan, even in the presence of low PARP-1 expression.
Assembly of a functional replication complex without ATP hydrolysis: a direct interaction of bacteriophage T4 gp45 with T4 DNA polymerase. (1993)

The seven-protein bacteriophage T4 DNA replication complex can be manipulated in vitro to study mechanistic aspects of the elongation phase of DNA replication. Under physiological conditions, the processivity of DNA synthesis catalyzed by the T4 polymerase (gp43) is greatly increased by the interaction of this enzyme with its accessory proteins (gp44/62 and gp45) and the T4 single-stranded DNA binding protein (gp32). The assembly of this T4 holoenzyme requires hydrolysis of ATP by the gp44/62 complex. We demonstrate here that processive T4 holoenzyme-like DNA synthesis can be obtained without hydrolysis of ATP by simply adding gp45 to the T4 DNA polymerase at extremely high concentrations, effectively bypassing the ATPase subunits (gp44/62) of the accessory protein complex. The amount of gp45 required for the gp43-gp45 heteroassociation event is reduced by addition of the macromolecular crowding agent polyethylene glycol (PEG) as well as gp32. A chromatographic strategy involving PEG has been used to demonstrate the gp43-gp45 interaction. These results suggest that gp45 is ultimately responsible for increasing the processivity of DNA synthesis via a direct and functionally significant interaction with the T4 DNA polymerase. A corollary to this notion is that the specific role of the gp44/62 complex is to catalytically link gp45 to gp43.
Abstract 4388: Targeted VHL activation by RNAa inhibits renal cell carcinoma (2014)

Abstract Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) is a tumor suppressor protein classically known to target the α subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) for proteasomal degradation. Emerging evidence has underscored a novel role for VHL in both cell cycle regulation and extracelluar matrix assembly. Recent studies have reported that chemically synthesized small duplex RNAs complementary to target promoter sequence, also known as small activating RNA (saRNA), can specifically induce gene expression in cancer cells, which might be associated with epigenetic changes and exhibited long-lasting gene activation for nearly 2 weeks. In the present study, we designed 5 candidate dsRNAs (dsVHL-58, dsVHL-93, dsVHL-395, dsVHL-515 and dsVHL-675) targeted for the VHL promoter at sites ranging from -675 to -58 relative to the transcription start site. Compared with controls, dsVHL-675 induced VHL expression by approximately 10-fold in renal cell carcinoma 769-P (VHL methylated) cells. Transfection of a dsVHL-675 into 769-P cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation in dose dependent manner. In addition, single transfection of dsVHL-675 induced VHL gene expression for 14 days. Functional analysis of dsVHL-675 transfected cells revealed that dsVHL-675 induced apoptosis by activating caspase 3 in dose dependent manner. Knockdown experiments confirmed that induction of apoptosis by dsVHL-675 required Ago2 and TNRC6A. This study suggests that targeted activation of VHL by dsVHL-675 may be explored as a novel therapy for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Citation Format: Jong Soon Kang, Moo Rim Kang, Jieun Yun, Soo Jin Oh, Ki Hwan Park, Chang Woo Lee. Targeted VHL activation by RNAa inhibits renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4388. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4388
Failure to replicate visceral learning in the acute curarized rat preparation. (1986)

An attempt was made to replicate a series of experiments reported to demonstrate robust visceral learning (autonomic instrumental learning) in rats during acute (2-4 hr) pharmacological paralysis. The results of exploratory procedures involving more than 2,000 animals are described, and six complete experiments, representing systematic observations on an additional 500 animals, are presented. In the first three experiments, which closely followed the original procedures, the characteristics of the preparation were reproduced with the exception of initial heart rhythm and visceral learning. In the second three, the respiration procedure was modified to satisfactorily reproduce the heart rhythm, and the PaO2, PaCO2, and pH were verified to be within the range of freely moving, normally behaving animals; nevertheless, visceral learning was not observed in these experiments either. After more than 2,500 rats were studied, it is concluded that the original visceral learning experiments are not replicable and that the existence of visceral learning remains unproven; however, neither the original experiments nor the replication attempt included the necessary controls to support a general negative conclusion about visceral learning. Because continuing and extensive citation of the original experiments indicates their widely perceived significance, specific requirements for critically testing the visceral learning hypothesis are given, and the limited theoretical implications and practical value of neuromuscular blockade are discussed.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of a Novel Rat CC-Chemokine Receptor (rCCR10rR) That Binds MCP-1 and MIP-1β with High Affinity (1997)

Chemokines stimulate the migration and activation of leukocytes to areas of inflammation or tissue damage by binding to specific seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. We report the cloning of a novel rat CC-chemokine receptor, the rat CCR10-related receptor (rCCR10rR), with 72% amino acid identity to the human CC-chemokine receptor CCR10 and 30%-35% amino acid identity to the known human CC-chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5. Multiple tissue northern analysis indicates that rCCR10rR is expressed at a higher level in spleen than in the other tissues assayed. The CC-chemokines MIP-1beta and MCP-1 bind with highest affinity to rCCR10rR, with K(D) = 0.4 and 0.7 nM, respectively. The CC-chemokines RANTES and MIP-1alpha were poor competitors for MIP-1beta binding, with IC50 values of 150 nM and 86 nM, respectively, but the K(D) for RANTES binding was still in the nanamolar range (4.8 nM). These results indicate that rCCR10rR is a true member of the CC-chemokine receptor family and may be involved in eliciting the responses to the CC-chemokines MIP-1beta and MCP-1.
Growth of well-aligned carbon nanotube arrays on silicon substrates using porous alumina film as a nanotemplate (2001)

Aligned, open-tipped carbon nanotube arrays of high density and uniformity were synthesized via a flame method on silicon substrates using a nanoporous template of anodized aluminum oxide from which the nanotubes were grown. The diameter and length of the nanotubes are controlled by the geometry of the aluminum oxide template. These results show the feasibility of integration between carbon nanotube arrays and silicon microelectronics.
Measurement of 8-arginine-vasopressin by radioimmunoassay Development and application to urine and plasma samples using one extraction method (1984)

This paper describes the production and evaluation of an antiserum with high affinity (Ka = 1.9 X 10(11) l/mol) and specifity to 8-arginine-vasopressin (AVP). The antiserum binds only to the intact and unchanged ring and tail of the AVP-molecule. AVP was labelled with 125I by a modification of the chloramin T method and purified by gel-filtration. We describe the development and validation of a radioimmunoassay for AVP in human plasma and urine, using only one extraction method (octa-decasilyl-treated silica microcolumns) for both biological fluids. The overall sensitivity of the assay method is 0.3 pg/ml plasma and 0.6 pg/ml urine. Mean (+/- SD) plasma AVP-concentration in normally hydrated females was 1.2 +/- 0.6 pg/ml (median 1.2 pg/ml) and 1.7 +/- 0.7 pg/ml (median 1.8 pg/ml) in males. Mean urinary AVP excretion was 73 +/- 43 ng/day with ad libitum water intake and normal activity. Sex differences were not statistically significant. We also assessed the response of plasma AVP and urinary AVP-excretion to waterload and dehydration.
A 2-D Infrared Instrumentation for Close-Range Finger Position Sensing (2015)

Haptic interfaces are proposed for enhancing human-computer interfaces through the rendering of interaction forces. Among them, encounter-type haptic displays feature an original way to provide the user with an improved transparency: their end effectors remotely track the fingers of the operator and encounter them only when force rendering is required. These interfaces call for the development of specific position tracking systems. In this paper, a 2-D hollow instrumentation for remote and marker-free close-range finger tracking is proposed. It encloses 16 infrared proximity sensors. Its design specifications are based on a literature review of finger motion and a simulation of the tracking dynamics. Some calibration methods, organized as a function of their complexity level, are also described. The instrumentation performances are experimentally evaluated to assess its adequacy with the targeted application. This design accounts for the demonstration that infrared proximity sensing is a viable solution for close-range sensing of targets as changing as human body parts.
Novel chitosan‐based hyaluronan hybrid polymer fibers as a scaffold in ligament tissue engineering (2005)

To clarify the feasibility of using novel chitosan-based hyaluronan hybrid polymer fibers as a scaffold in ligament tissue engineering, their mechanical properties and ability to promote cellular adhesion, proliferation, and extracellular matrix production were studied in vitro. Chitosan fibers and chitosan-based 0.05% and 0.1% hyaluronan hybrid fibers were developed by the wet spinning method. Hyaluronan coating significantly increased mechanical properties, compared to the chitosan fibers. Rabbit fibroblasts adhesion onto hybrid fibers was significantly greater than for the control and chitosan fibers. For analysis of cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production, a three-dimensional scaffold was created by simply piling up each fiber. At 1 day after cultivation, the DNA content in the hybrid scaffolds was higher than that in the chitosan scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the fibroblasts had produced collagen fibers after 14 days of culture. Immunostaining for type I collagen was clearly predominant in the hybrid scaffolds, and the mRNA level of type I collagen in the hybrid scaffolds were significantly greater than that in the chitosan scaffold. The present study revealed that hyaluronan hybridization with chitosan fibers enhanced fiber mechanical properties and in vitro biological effects on the cultured fibroblasts.
Point-of-Care C-Reactive Protein Testing and Antibiotic Prescribing for Respiratory Tract Infections: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2010)

CRP point-of-care testing to assist in prescribing decisions, including delayed prescribing, for LRTI and rhinosinusitis may be a useful strategy to decrease antibiotic use and increase patient satisfaction without compromising patient recovery.
749. Reaction of N-carboxy-α-amino-acid anhydrides with hydrochlorides of hydroxylamine, O-alkylhydroxylamines, and amines; syntheses of amino-hydroxamic acids, amido-oxy-peptides, and α-amino-acid amides (1964)

Y. Knobler, S. Bittner and M. Frankel, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 3941 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640003941