gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Dose α-Tocopherol Therapy Does Not Affect HDL Subfractions in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease on Statin Therapy (2007)

High-dose AT therapy administered for a 2-year period does not negatively affect either HDL subfractions or apolipoprotein A1 in patients with CAD on statin therapy. Thus the negative interaction previously proposed between antioxidant cocktail and statin therapy cannot be attributed to AT.
High-Frequency Transfer of Cloned Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Sequences to Mammalian Cells by Protoplast Fusion (1981)

The protoplast fusion technique of Schaffner (W. Schaffner, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:2163-2167, 1980) has been adapted to introduce cloned herpes simplex virus genes into cultured mammalian cells. The technique involves digesting bacterial cell walls with lysozyme to produce protoplasts and then fusing the protoplasts to mammalian cells by treatment with polyethylene glycol. For monitoring transfer, protoplasts were labeled with the fluorescent dye fluorescein isothiocyanate before fusion. After fusion, greater than 50% of the mammalian cells were fluorescent, demonstrating that bacterial material was transferred with high frequency. Transfer of plasmid pBR325 occurred at frequencies of 1 to 2%, as measured by in situ hybridization. Fusion transfer of a chimeric plasmid consisting of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (strain KOS) EcoRI fragment F in pBR325 resulted in expression of some viral genomic sequences in about 5% of the mammalian cells, as detected by indirect immunofluorescence. One Ltk- cell in 300 to 500 was transformed to the TK+ phenotype after fusion with protoplasts carrying the chimeric plasmid pX1, which consists of pBR322 and the BamHI fragment coding for the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene.
Differential orientations of the DNA-binding domain and carboxy-terminal dimerization interface regulate binding site selection by nuclear receptor heterodimers. (1993)

Retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors preferentially activate target genes through response elements that consist of direct repeat arrangements of a core recognition motif of consensus sequence AGGTCA. We present evidence that the preference for direct repeat elements arises from two fundamental differences from steroid hormone receptors. First, retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors are demonstrated to preferentially form heterodimers with the retinoid X receptors. These interactions are mediated by the carboxy-terminal dimerization interface, with heterodimer preference specified by actions of the DNA-binding domain. Second, the DNA-binding domains of heterodimeric receptors appear to be rotationally flexible with respect to the carboxy-terminal dimerization interface. Several independent lines of evidence suggest that, relative to the retinoid X and steroid hormone receptors, the DNA-binding domain of the thyroid hormone receptor is preferentially rotated by approximately 180 degrees with respect to its carboxy-terminal dimerization interface. As a result, solution interactions between the carboxy-terminal dimerization interfaces of the retinoid X and thyroid hormone receptors are predicted to lead to the preferential alignment of their respective DNA-binding domains in a direct repeat configuration. This alignment would position the retinoid X receptor over the upstream recognition motif of direct repeat response elements. Differential orientations of the DNA-binding domain, which contribute to the polarity of heterodimer binding, are regulated by a short sequence (the A box) that is located between the conserved DNA-binding and carboxy-terminal dimerization domains.
Teicoplanin pharmacokinetics in intravenous drug abusers being treated for bacterial endocarditis (1991)

The pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin were determined after multiple 30-min intravenous infusions of 10 to 15 mg/kg every 12 to 24 h in 11 intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) patients being treated for bacterial endocarditis. Multiple serum samples were obtained over 7 to 14 days. Twenty-four-hour urine collections were obtained on days 1 and 5. Serum concentration-time data were analyzed by using multiple-dose pharmacokinetic analysis (NONLIN84). Results were compared with pharmacokinetic parameters derived from previous studies in normal healthy volunteers following multiple intravenous infusions of teicoplanin (3 to 6 mg/kg/day). Total and renal clearances of teicoplanin in IVDA patients were found to be significantly greater and more highly variable than those observed previously in normal healthy volunteers. As a result, predicted steady-state trough concentrations in serum may vary up to fivefold. The mechanism responsible for this variation appears to be related to the glomerular filtration rate. In IVDA patients, individualized teicoplanin dosage may be required in the treatment of bacterial endocarditis.
A new Mel-CAM (CD146)-specific monoclonal antibody, MN-4, on paraffin-embedded tissue. (1998)

Mel-CAM (also termed CD146 or MUC18) is a cell-adhesion molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. It mediates cell-cell interaction through heterophilic Mel-CAM/ligand adhesion. Previous studies showed Mel-CAM immunoreactivity in normal and neoplastic human tissues, but an extensive assessment of Mel-CAM distribution was not performed because of the lack of a Mel-CAM-specific monoclonal antibody that could be used in routinely processed, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Therefore, we developed a mouse monoclonal antibody, MN-4, that specifically recognized a fixation-resistant epitope in the second extracellular (C2) domain of Mel-CAM. We performed immunohistochemical staining on 467 paraffin-embedded tissue samples with this MN-4 antibody and avidin-biotin peroxidase. MN-4 immunoreactivity was seen in normal tissues, including endothelium, smooth muscle, epithelial and myoepithelial cells of the breast, Schwann cells, ganglion cells, cerebellar cortex, implantation-site intermediate trophoblast, external root sheath of hair follicles, basal cells of bronchial epithelium, parathyroid glands, subcapsular epithelium of thymus, follicular dendritic reticulum cells, skeletal muscles, epithelium of lens, and glial cell fibers in the central nervous system in early embryos. In malignant tumors, MN-4 immunostaining was consistently present in all melanomas, angiosarcomas, Kaposi's sarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas of salivary gland, placental-site trophoblastic tumors, and choriocarcinomas. Three of 8 squamous cell carcinomas, 2 of 2 small cell carcinomas of the lung, 2 of 11 of infiltrating breast carcinomas, and 4 of 11 of germinomas were focally and weakly positive for MN-4 antibody. In contrast, a wide variety of other carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, leukemias, and neuroendocrine tumors failed to show MN-4 immunoreactivity. In conclusion, MN-4 is a specific monoclonal antibody that recognizes Mel-CAM on paraffin sections. This antibody is useful in retrospective studies of Mel-CAM expression in archival tissue sections and might provide a diagnostic and prognostic marker for human neoplasms.
Asymptotic SINR for millimeter wave massive MIMO cellular networks (2015)

Thanks to the small wavelength at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency, it is promising to combine massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) with mmWave. MmWave massive MIMO will differ from the conventional massive MIMO, due to the differences in propagation and hardware constraints. This paper proposes a stochastic geometry framework for evaluating the performance in large-scale mmWave massive MIMO networks. Based on the system model, analytical expressions are provided for the asymptotic signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) distributions in both uplink and downlink, when the number of base station antennas goes to infinity. Numerical results indicate a fast convergence in the SINR distribution to its asymptotic equivalence in dense mmWave networks. A comparison with conventional massive MIMO shows that mmWave massive MIMO achieves a higher cell throughput with sufficiently dense deployments.
Leptin Interferes with the Effects of the Antiestrogen ICI 182,780 in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells (2004)

Leptin interferes with the effects of ICI 182,780 on estrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer cells. Thus, high leptin levels in obese breast cancer patients might contribute to the development of antiestrogen resistance.
Synthesis and inclusion properties of pyridinophane-linked macrocycles (1996)

The macrocyclic host molecules 1 and 2 have been synthesized in satisfactory yields. These cyclophane-linked structures produce electron-rich cavities because the lone pairs of 2,11-diaza[ 3.3 ](2,6)pyridinophane and pyridine rings converge into the cavities. Although compound 1 strongly binds guanidinium ion and urea, compound 2 showed weak complexation toward these guests. In the inclusion of guests by hydrogen bonds, the cooperation of the pyridinophane donor sites plays a very important role. Interestingly, l adsorbed water molecules in solution to give the hydrated compound 1·6H2O.
Results of a second attempt at surgical repair of a failed initial rotator-cuff repair. (1984)

Twenty-seven patients with twenty-seven involved shoulders underwent a second attempt at repair of an initial rotator-cuff repair that had failed. Factors associated with the failure of the initial repair included a massive or large tendon tear, damage to the deltoid origin at the original surgery, and possibly inadequate postoperative external support. Seven patients required a third operation because of continuing pain or weakness. The remaining twenty patients were followed for a minimum of two years (average, forty-eight months) and seventeen of them were examined at an average of forty-six months (range, twenty-six to 118 months) after surgery. Postoperatively, although seventeen patients (63 per cent) still had moderate or severe pain, sixteen (76 per cent) of the twenty-one patients who were operated on to relieve pain reported that the pain was substantially diminished. Active abduction increased an average of 8 degrees, but only seven shoulders gained more than 30 degrees of active abduction. Nineteen shoulders remained moderately or markedly weak in abduction. Over-all, four patients (17 per cent) had a good result; six (25 per cent), a fair result; and fourteen (58 per cent), a poor result. These results suggest that the surgeon should be quite hesitant to propose a second attempt at rotator cuff repair to a patient, as although pain may be diminished, active movement is unlikely to improve.
Xenograft Models and the Molecular Biology of Human Prostate Cancer (2001)

The study of human prostate cancer has historically lagged behind that of other common malignancies such as breast and colon cancer. Although the reasons for this “lag” are multiple, a major obstacle to progress has been the relative lack of human prostate cancer model systems available to study the disease and to test new potential therapeutic strategies. Tissue specimens of primary prostate tumors, although common, are often too small or heterogeneous to be useful for molecular studies. Metastatic specimens are rare. Even when surgical material is available, it has been difficult to establish permanent prostate cancer cell lines. To date, most of the studies in the field of human prostate cancer have focused on just three human prostate cancer cell lines—PC-3, DU-145, and LNCaP. DU-145 and PC-3 do not express prostate specific antigen (PSA) or androgen receptor (AR), raising questions about the relevance of these two cell lines to most cases of clinical prostate cancer. LNCaP is androgen responsive and produces PSA, but it contains a mutation in the androgen receptor which alters ligand specificity and may limit its utility for molecular analysis. More important, it is unlikely that a single PSA-positive cell line can represent the heterogeneous disease we call prostate cancer.
7.8-GHz flexible thin-film transistors on a low-temperature plastic substrate (2007)

RF flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a new speed record of cut-off frequency (fT) of 2.04 GHz and maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) of 7.8 GHz were realized using single-crystal Si nanomembrane as an active channel layer on a low-temperature plastic substrate. We report the detailed device layout design considerations for optimizing the frequency response of the flexible RF TFTs, supported by accurate small-signal equivalent circuit modeling. It is indicated that, by properly considering the tradeoff between the parasitic source/drain resistances and the parasitic source-to-gate/drain-to-gate capacitances, fT and fmax of the single-crystal-Si TFTs can be optimized separately in order to meet the requirements of certain potential RF applications.
Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunization and sudden infant death: results of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Cooperative Epidemiological Study of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome risk factors. (1987)

The possible association between diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DTP) immunization and the subsequent occurrence of sudden infant death has been examined using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Cooperative Epidemiological Study, a large multicenter, population-based, case-control study. In a preliminary report based on the first 400 eligible singleton SIDS victims and 800 matched living control infants, no temporal association between SIDS and DTP immunization was found. From the final sample of 800 eligible singleton SIDS victims, 95% (n = 757) were defined as definitely or probably having died of SIDS on the basis of pathology data. Data from these 757 case infants and their corresponding control infants (n = 1,514) are presented in this report. Two control infants, both living, were randomly selected for each case infant: an age-matched control A and an age-, race-, and low birth weight-matched control B. Overall, case infants were less likely to have received any DTP immunization. Only 39.8% of case infants had received at least one DTP immunization compared to 55.0% of control A infants and 53.2% of control B infants. Based on maternal interviews and postnatal medical records, 1.8% of case infants (five infants) immunized with DTP died within the first 24 hours following immunization. Similarly, 5.0% of control A infants (n = 21) and 2.2% of control B infants (n = 9) had been immunized within 24 hours of the maternal interview, which represents the comparable time frame for the age-matched control infants. These results confirm the earlier preliminary findings from the NICHD SIDS Cooperative Epidemiological Study and suggest that DTP immunization is not a significant factor in the occurrence of SIDS.
The Role of TAM Family Receptors in Immune Cell Function: Implications for Cancer Therapy (2016)

The TAM receptor protein tyrosine kinases-Tyro3, Axl, and Mer-are essential regulators of immune homeostasis. Guided by their cognate ligands Growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) and Protein S (Pros1), these receptors ensure the resolution of inflammation by dampening the activation of innate cells as well as by restoring tissue function through promotion of tissue repair and clearance of apoptotic cells. Their central role as negative immune regulators is highlighted by the fact that deregulation of TAM signaling has been linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. Importantly, TAM receptors have also been associated with cancer development and progression. In a cancer setting, TAM receptors have a dual regulatory role, controlling the initiation and progression of tumor development and, at the same time, the associated anti-tumor responses of diverse immune cells. Thus, modulation of TAM receptors has emerged as a potential novel strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of how TAM receptors control immunity, with a particular focus on the regulation of anti-tumor responses and its implications for cancer immunotherapy.
Combined Transplantation of the Heart and Liver (1985)

The technique of combined transplantation of the heart and liver is described and illustrated, emphasizing modifications that were used in a successful case. Two other unsuccessful attempts are reported, and the importance of relative size of donor and recipient is discussed. There may be an immunological advantage to transplanting two organs in combination from the same donor.
Neuroprotective effect of the surfactant poloxamer 188 in a model of intracranial hemorrhage in rats (2007)

A single dose of P- 188 protects against early neuronal loss after hemorrhage but has no effect on long-term hemorrhage-induced neuronal loss. However, repeated daily P-188 treatment appears to produce effective long-term neuronal protection.
Uroguanylin: structure and activity of a second endogenous peptide that stimulates intestinal guanylate cyclase. (1993)

The intestinal hormone guanylin and bacterial heat-stable enterotoxins (STs) are members of a peptide family that activates intestinal membrane guanylate cyclase. Two different peptides that activate the human intestinal T84 cell guanylate cyclase have been purified from urine and intestinal mucosa of opossums (Didelphis virginiana). The highly acidic peptide, QEDCELCINVACTGC, was named uroguanylin because it was isolated from urine and shares 53% identity with guanylin. A second peptide, SHTCEICAFAACAGC, was purified from urine and intestinal mucosa. This alanine-rich peptide was 47% identical to uroguanylin and 73% identical to human guanylin, suggesting that it may be an opossum homologue of guanylin. Synthetic uroguanylin-(2-15) (i.e., EDCELCINVACTGC) was 10-fold more potent than synthetic rat guanylin, but both peptides were less potent than Escherichia coli ST in the T84 cell cGMP bioassay. Uroguanylin-(2-15) and guanylin inhibited 125I-ST binding to T84 cell receptors in competitive radioligand binding assays. Transepithelial Cl- secretion was stimulated by 1 microM uroguanylin, indicated by an increase in the short circuit current of T84 cells. Thus, uroguanylin is another paracrine hormone in the emerging peptide family that activates intestinal membrane guanylate cyclase. The second peptide may be the opossum form of guanylin, or perhaps, it is still another member of this peptide family. The presence of uroguanylin and guanylin in urine and receptors in proximal tubules suggests that these peptides may also originate from renal tissue and may regulate kidney function.
Hierarchical recurrent neural network for skeleton based action recognition (2015)

Human actions can be represented by the trajectories of skeleton joints. Traditional methods generally model the spatial structure and temporal dynamics of human skeleton with hand-crafted features and recognize human actions by well-designed classifiers. In this paper, considering that recurrent neural network (RNN) can model the long-term contextual information of temporal sequences well, we propose an end-to-end hierarchical RNN for skeleton based action recognition. Instead of taking the whole skeleton as the input, we divide the human skeleton into five parts according to human physical structure, and then separately feed them to five subnets. As the number of layers increases, the representations extracted by the subnets are hierarchically fused to be the inputs of higher layers. The final representations of the skeleton sequences are fed into a single-layer perceptron, and the temporally accumulated output of the perceptron is the final decision. We compare with five other deep RNN architectures derived from our model to verify the effectiveness of the proposed network, and also compare with several other methods on three publicly available datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance with high computational efficiency.
Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of glycosaminoglycans and glycosaminoglycan‐derived oligosaccharides (2002)

Glycosaminoglycans are a family of polydisperse, highly sulfated complex mixtures of linear polysaccharides that are involved in many life processes. Defining the structure of glycosaminoglycans is an important factor in elucidating their structure-activity relationship. Capillary electrophoresis has emerged as a highly promising technique consuming an extremely small amount of sample and capable of rapid, high-resolution separation, characterization and quantitation of analytes. Numerous capillary electrophoresis methods for analysis of intact glycosaminoglycans and glycosaminoglycan-derived oligosaccharides have been developed. These methods allow for both qualitative and quantitative analysis with a high level of sensitivity. This review is concerned with separation methods of capillary electrophoresis, detection methods and applications to several aspects of research into glycosaminoglycans and glycosaminoglycan-derived oligosaccharides. The importance of capillary electrophoresis in biological and pharmaceutical samples in glycobiology and carbohydrate biochemistry and its possible applications in disease diagnosis and monitoring chemical synthesis are described.
Flash LIDAR Systems for Hazard Detection, Surface Navigation and Autonomous Rendezvous and Docking (2007)

Background: Three dimensional flash LIDAR is an enabling technology for Lunar Science, Exploration and Resource Prospecting. For in space and on orbit rendezvous, the powerful flash LIDAR LASER pulse can be used to acquire and range targets from a distance of up to 10-20 km. For docking applications, flash LIDAR provides real-time three dimensional video of the target spacecraft under any lighting conditions. This provides six degree of freedom pose as well as velocity and spin rate data. Inclusion of a flash LIDAR system also allows for redundant video guidance capabilities. Landing applications for flash LIDAR include use as a supplement or replacement to conventional RADAR altimeters, providing ranging and velocimetry from 1020 km above the surface. Additonally, flash LIDAR systems are well suited for use in hazard detection, offering three dimensional object and terrain mapping. The real-time nature of the system provides data at 10 to 100 times the rate of conventional scanning systems, enabling active hazard avoidance navigation. Therefore, flash LIDAR offers higher spatial resolution per unit time, allowing more detailed terrain information. Lastly, flash LIDAR systems offer an attractive solution for surface navigation and terrain mapping. These systems have the advantage that they may be used successfully under any lighting conditions – as a means to acquire a 3D topographic site survey, or as a sensor for real-time autonomous rover navigation and hazard detection. Design Heritage: Ball Aerospace has developed a highly capable, mature, multi-mission 3D flash LIDAR system for Lunar Exploration and other space-based applications. The unit leverages technology from our proven long-life space-based LASER systems. The baseline LASER, optics and key electronics are all currently in operation on a classified space mission. The LASER itself draws directly from our development of the associated LIDAR LASER aboard the NASA CALIPSO mission.
Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Phenotypically Normal Human Cells (1995)

Tumor cells in patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) are characterized by a genetic hypermutability caused by defects in DNA mismatch repair. A subset of HNPCC patients was found to have widespread mutations not only in their tumors, but also in their non-neoplastic cells. Although these patients had numerous mutations in all tissues examined, they had very few tumors. The hypermutability was associated with a profound defect in mismatch repair at the biochemical level. These results have implications for the relation between mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, and they suggest that mismatch repair deficiency is compatible with normal human development.