gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constitutive expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor abrogates all requirements for exogenous growth factors. (1992)

BALB/c3T3 cells are exquisitely growth regulated and require both platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) for optimal proliferation. BALB/c3T3 cells that constitutively express IGF-1 and elevated levels of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) are capable of growth in serum-free medium without the addition of any exogenous growth factors. BALB/c3T3 cells overexpressing only the IGF-1R plasmid required IGF-1 or insulin for serum-free growth. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to IGF-1R mRNA inhibited IGF-1-mediated cell growth. Under these conditions, neither the epidermal growth factor receptor nor phospholipase C gamma 1 was autophosphorylated. These findings indicate that constitutive expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R allows 3T3 cells to grow in serum-free medium without addition of those exogenous growth factors that are required by the parent cell line.
Biosynthesis of 4‘-O-Methylpyridoxine (Ginkgotoxin) from Primary Precursors (1999)

Cell suspension cultures of Ginkgo biloba and Albizia tanganyicensis were investigated for the presence of 4'-O-methylpyridoxine (ginkgotoxin, 2), the 4'-O-methyl derivative of vitamin B(6) (pyridoxine, 1). The cultures produced the toxin even in the absence of vitamin B(6) (a common additive to plant cell culture media). This indicates that the pyridoxine ring system of ginkgotoxin is synthesized de novo by the cultured cells. A feeding experiment with D-[U-(13)C(6)]glucose revealed that the mode of incorporation of label into the pyridoxine moiety of 2 matched that observed for 1 in Escherichia coli. Thus, the data obtained in this investigation provide independent proof supporting the current hypothesis on vitamin B(6) biosynthesis. The 4'-O-methyl group of ginkgotoxin (2) was labeled from L-[methyl-(13)C(1)]methionine. This indicates that ginkgotoxin is likely to be derived by 4'-O-methylation of pyridoxine (1). The G. biloba cell suspension culture may be a suitable system to get further insight into vitamin B(6) and/or ginkgotoxin biosynthesis.
Hardwire-Configurable Photonic Integrated Circuits Enabled by 3D Nano-Printing (2019)

Photonic integrated circuits (PIC) currently rely on application-specific designs that are geared towards a particular functionality. Development of such application-specific PIC requires considerable effort and often involves several design, fabrication, and characterization iterations, each with cycle times of several months, to reach acceptable performance. At the same time, the number of chips that is eventually needed to serve a certain application is often too small to benefit from the scalability of advanced photonic integration platforms. As a consequence, large-scale photonic integration has hitherto been unable to unfold its full economic advantages within the highly fragmented application space of photonics. Here we introduce a novel approach to configurable PIC that can overcome these challenges. The concept exploits generic PIC designs consisting of standard building blocks that can be concatenated to provide an application-specific functionality. Configuration of the PIC relies on establishing hardwired optical connections between suitable ports of an optical wire board using highly flexible 3D direct-write laser lithography. Hardwire-configurable PIC allow to exploit high-throughput production of generic chips in large-scale fabrication facilities for serving a wide variety of applications with small or medium volumes of specifically configured devices.
On the growth rates of human malignant tumors: Implications for medical decision making (1997)

Testicular carcinomas, pediatric tumors, and some mesenchymal tumors are examples of rapidly proliferating cell populations, for which the tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) can be counted in days. Cancers from the breast, prostate, and colon are frequently slow-growing, displaying a TVDT of months or years. Irrespective of their growth rates, most human tumors have been found: to start from one single cell, to have a long subclinical period, to grow at constant rates for long periods of time, to start to metastasize often even before the primary is detected, and to have metastases that often grow at approximately the same rate as the primary tumor. The recognition of basic facts in tumor cell kinetics is essential in the evaluation of important present-day strategies in oncology. Among the facts emphasized in this review are: (1) Screening programs. Most tumors are several years old when detectable by present-day diagnostic methods. This makes the term "early detection" questionable. (2) Legal trials. The importance of so-called doctor's delay is often discussed, but the prognostic value of "early" detection is overestimated. (3) Analyses of clinical trials. Such analysis may be differentiated depending on the growth rates of the type of tumor studied. Furthermore, uncritical analysis of survival data may be misleading if the TVDT is not taken into consideration. (4) Analyses of epidemiological data. If causes of malignant tumors in humans are searched for, the time of exposure must be extended far back in the subject's history. (5) Risk estimations by insurance companies. For the majority of human cancers, the 5-year survival rate is not a valid measurement for cure. Thus, basic knowledge of tumor kinetics may have important implications for political health programs, legal trials, medical science, and insurance policies.
Relationship Between Physical Activity and Inflammation Among Apparently Healthy Middle-aged and Older US Adults (2002)

More frequent physical activity is independently associated with a lower odds of having elevated inflammation levels among apparently healthy US adults 40 years and older, independent of several confounding factors. The results suggest that the association between physical activity and reduced coronary heart disease risk may be mediated by anti-inflammatory effects of regular physical activity.
Internet denial of service : attack and defense mechanisms (2005)

Foreword. Acknowledgments. About the Authors. 1. Introduction. DoS and DdoS Why Should We Care? What Is This Book? Who Is This Book For? What Can This Book Help You Do? Outline of the Remaining Chapters 2. Understanding Denial of Service. The Ulterior Motive Meet the Attackers Behind the Scenes Distribution Effects DDoS: Hype or Reality? How Vulnerable Are You to DDoS? 3. History of DoS and DDoS. Motivation Design Principles of the Internet DoS and DDoS Evolution 4. How Attacks Are Waged. Recruitment of the Agent Network Controlling the DDoS Agent Network Semantic Levels of DDoS Attacks Attack Toolkits What Is IP Spoofing? DDoS Attack Trends 5. An Overview of DDoS Defenses. Why DDoS Is a Hard Problem DDoS Defense Challenges Prevention versus Protection and Reaction DDoS Defense Goals DDoS Defense Locations Defense Approaches 6. Detailed Defense Approaches. Thinking about Defenses General Strategy for DDoS Defense Preparing to Handle a DDoS Attack Handling an Ongoing DDoS Attack as a Target Handling an Ongoing DDoS Attack as a Source Agreements/Understandings with Your ISP Analyzing DDoS tools 7. Survey of Research Defense Approaches. Pushback Traceback D-WARD NetBouncer Secure Overlay Services (SOS) Proof of Work DefCOM COSSACK Pi SIFF: An End-Host Capability Mechanism to Mitigate DDoS Flooding Attacks Hop-Count Filtering (HCF) Locality and Entropy Principles An Empirical Analysis of Target-Resident DoS Filters Research Prognosis 8. Legal Issues. Basics of the U.S. Legal System Laws That May Apply to DDoS Attacks Who Are the Victims of DDoS? How Often Is Legal Assistance Sought in DDoS Cases? Initiating Legal Proceedings as a Victim of DdoS Evidence Collection and Incident Response Procedures Estimating Damages Jurisdictional Issues Domestic Legal Issues International Legal Issues Self-Help Options A Few Words on Ethics Current Trends in International Cyber Law 9. Conclusions. Prognosis for DdoS Social, Moral, and Legal Issues Resources for Learning More Conclusion Appendix A. Glossary. Appendix B. Survey of Commercial Defense Approaches. Mazu Enforcer by Mazu Networks Peakflow by Arbor Networks WS Series Appliances by Webscreen Technologies Captus IPS by Captus Networks MANAnet Shield by CS3 Cisco Traffic Anomaly Detector XT and Cisco Guard XT StealthWatch by Lancope Summary Appendix C. DDoS Data. 2004 CSI/FBI Computer Crime and Security Survey Inferring Internet Denial-of-Service Activity A Framework for Classifying Denial-of- Service Attacks Observations and Experiences Tracking Denial-of-Service Attacks across a Regional ISP Report on the DDoS Attack on the DNS Root Servers Conclusion References. Index.
Generation of paraphrases from ambiguous logical forms (1996)

This paper presents a method for generating multiple paraphrases from ambiguous logical forms. The method is based on a chart structure with edges indexed on semantic information and annotations that relate edges to the semantic facts they express. These annotations consist of logical expressions that identify particular realizations encoded in the chart. The method allows simultaneous generation from multiple interpretations, without hindering the generation process or causing any work to be superfluously duplicated.
Root form implants for tomorrow. (1996)

However, accepting the route of dental implantology's evolution, and with a positive outlook for the future, the author believes that the four types of root form implants described here will be utilized. This belief in their application, has come from vast experience placing thousands of implants into various types of bone. It is now up to those dentists who have become exclusively involved with one type of root form implant to reflect on the ideas expressed in this article, and start to challenge what has been considered the "norm", and consider treating their patients with implants that will most likely prove to be superior in design and function.
Altered peptide ligands inhibit arthritis induced by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase peptide (2009)

We prepared antagonistic APLs that antigen-specifically inhibited the development of experimental arthritis. Understanding the inhibitory mechanisms of APLs may pave the way for the development of novel therapies for arthritis induced by autoimmune responses to ubiquitous antigens.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism (2010)

In this exploratory study, children with autism were more likely to have mitochondrial dysfunction, mtDNA overreplication, and mtDNA deletions than typically developing children.
Correlation Between Sperm Membrane Destabilization by Heparin and Aniline Blue Staining as Membrane Integrity Index (1998)

Acidic aniline blue stain (AAB) was studied in relation to sperm membrane destabilization and nuclei decondensation by heparin. Untreated spermatozoa smears stained with AAB or vital stain shows 28.4% of stained and 71.6% of unstained nuclei. This behavior was also observed when incubation was done in the presence of 5 mM glutathione (GSH) used alone. In the presence of 21.6 microM heparin, staining of sperm cells commenced 10 min after heparin addition and was dependent on the incubation time. During the experiment 12.3% of the total cholesterol content and 20 micrograms protein/10(8) sperm cells were released. In the presence of 21.6 microM heparin-5 mM/GSH, swelling of sperm nuclei reach 95% after 150 min incubation. When this experiment was run along with AAB, the same average (45%) was seen in the first 30 min, which gives plenty of time to trigger the nuclei's decondensation mechanism. The percentage of stained cells was of 71%, indicating that the histone is not completely replaced, and insuring a positive reaction with AAB stain. It would appear that AAB stain can be used as a membrane integrity index to confirm the destabilization effect of heparin on the sperm membrane.
Considering Affective Responses towards Environments for Enhancing Location Based Services (2014)

Abstract. A number of studies in the field of environmental psychology show that humans perceive and evaluate their surroundings affectively. Some places are experienced as unsafe, while some others as attractive and interesting. Experiences from daily life show that many of our daily behaviours and decision-making are often influenced by this kind of affective responses towards environments. Location based services (LBS) are often designed to assist and support people’s behaviours and decision-making in space. In order to provide services with high usefulness (usability and utility), LBS should consider these kinds of affective responses towards environments. This paper reports on the results of a research project, which studies how people’s affective responses towards environments can be modelled and acquired, as well as how LBS can benefit by considering these affective responses. As one of the most popular LBS applications, mobile pedestrian navigation systems are used as an example for illustration.
Death from Inappropriate Therapy for Lyme Disease (2000)

A 30-year-old woman died as a result of a large Candida parapsilosis septic thrombus located on the tip of a Groshong catheter. The catheter had been in place for 28 months for administration of a 27 month course of intravenous cefotaxime for an unsubstantiated diagnosis of chronic Lyme disease.
CD40-CD40L independent Ig gene hypermutation suggests a second B cell diversification pathway in humans (2001)

Somatically mutated IgM(+)-only and IgM(+)IgD(+)CD27(+) B lymphocytes comprise approximately 25% of the human peripheral B cell pool. These cells phenotypically resemble class-switched B cells and have therefore been classified as postgerminal center memory B cells. X-linked hyper IgM patients have a genetic defect characterized by a mutation of the CD40L gene. These patients, who do not express a functional CD40 ligand, cannot switch Ig isotypes and do not form germinal centers and memory B cells. We report here that an IgM(+)IgD(+)CD27(+) B cell subset with somatically mutated Ig receptors is generated in these patients, implying that these cells expand and diversify their Ig receptors in the absence of classical cognate T-B collaboration. The presence of this sole subset in the absence of IgM(+)-only and switched CD27(+) memory B cells suggests that it belongs to a separate diversification pathway.
Synthesis of a Dicarba-Analog of Octreotide Keeping the Type II &#946; -Turn of the Pharmacophore in Water Solution (2005)

The Z isomer of the new constrained analog of the anticancer drug octreotide,where L,L-cystine is replaced by 4,5-dehydro-L,L-diaminosuberic acid,was prepared by solid-phase ring-closing metathesis.NMR study ascertained that this molecule is conformationally very close to the parent octreotide and remains unaffected by the enzymatic pool of the human serum for more than 30 h. Keywords: octreotide analog, solid-phase ring-closing metathesis, nmr conformational study
A 1.0625 Gbps transceiver with 2x-oversampling and transmit signal pre-emphasis (2002)

A fibre channel compliant 1.0625 Gb/s serial interface core is a complete transceiver, integrating data serialization, clock/data recovery, and at-speed self-test functions. The CMOS core occupies <4 mm/sup 2/, consumes <0.45 W, and can be integrated with a family of standard cells.
Mature Dendritic Cells Derived from Human Monocytes Within 48 Hours: A Novel Strategy for Dendritic Cell Differentiation from Blood Precursors (2003)

It is widely believed that generation of mature dendritic cells (DCs) with full T cell stimulatory capacity from human monocytes in vitro requires 5-7 days of differentiation with GM-CSF and IL-4, followed by 2-3 days of activation. Here, we report a new strategy for differentiation and maturation of monocyte-derived DCs within only 48 h of in vitro culture. Monocytes acquire immature DC characteristics by day 2 of culture with GM-CSF and IL-4; they down-regulate CD14, increase dextran uptake, and respond to the inflammatory chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. To accelerate DC development and maturation, monocytes were incubated for 24 h with GM-CSF and IL-4, followed by activation with proinflammatory mediators for another 24 h (FastDC). FastDC expressed mature DC surface markers as well as chemokine receptor 7 and secreted IL-12 (p70) upon CD40 ligation in the presence of IFN-gamma. The increase in intracellular calcium in response to 6Ckine showed that chemokine receptor 7 expression was functional. When FastDC were compared with mature monocyte-derived DCs generated by a standard 7-day protocol, they were equally potent in inducing Ag-specific T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production as well as in priming autologous naive T cells using tetanus toxoid as a model Ag. These findings indicate that FastDC are as effective as monocyte-derived DCs in stimulating primary, Ag-specific, Th 1-type immune responses. Generation of FastDC not only reduces labor, cost, and time required for in vitro DC development, but may also represent a model more closely resembling DC differentiation from monocytes in vivo.
Albumin-catalyzed metabolism of prostaglandin D2. Identification of products formed in vitro. (1983)

Human albumin catalyzed the in vitro transformation of prostaglandin D2 into three novel dehydration products identified as 9-deoxy-11-keto-15 alpha-hydroxy-delta-5,9,12-prostenoic acid; 15-deoxy-11-keto-9 alpha-hydroxy-delta 5,9,12,14-prostenoic acid. Results suggest that albumin can influence, qualitatively and quantitatively, the metabolism of eicosanoids.
Comparison of Fit and Fill Between Anatomic Stem and Straight Tapered Stem Using Virtual Implantation on the ORTHODOC Workstation (2001)

The objective of this article was to determine the influence of stem design on fit and fill using the preoperative planning workstation of the ROBODOC system. Anatomic ABG and straight Osteolock femoral components were virtually implanted into 50 femora (25 from patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), 25 morphologically normal) on the workstation display. Fit and fill, and length of the proximal posterolateral femoral cortex removed by milling (LPFCR), were measured on the cross-sectional images. Lateral curvature (α angle) and anteversion of the femur were evaluated. The ABG components showed significantly better fit than the Osteolock components at the levels proximal to the lesser trochanter. The Osteolock components showed significantly greater LPFCR than the ABG components, especially in the patients with DDH. The patients with DDH showed significantly greater α angle and femoral anteversion than those with morphologically normal femora. With the Osteolock components, the α angle correlated significantly with femoral anteversion and LPFCR. Use of an anatomic proximal body of the stem helped to improve the proximal canal fit. Greater LPFCR was required when a straight stem was implanted in patients with a relatively high α angle.
Marine-Derived Angiogenesis Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy (2013)

Angiogenesis inhibitors have been successfully used for cancer therapy in the clinic. Many marine-derived natural products and their analogues have been reported to show antiangiogenic activities. Compared with the drugs in the clinic, these agents display interesting characteristics, including diverse sources, unique chemical structures, special modes of action, and distinct activity and toxicity profiles. This review will first provide an overview of the current marine-derived angiogenesis inhibitors based on their primary targets and/or mechanisms of action. Then, the marine-derived antiangiogenic protein kinase inhibitors will be focused on. And finally, the clinical trials of the marine-derived antiangiogenic agents will be discussed, with special emphasis on their application potentials, problems and possible coping strategies in their future development as anticancer drugs.
Strength of Diamond (1994)

The yield strength of diamond is measured under a pressure of 10 gigapascals at temperatures up to 1550 degrees C by the analysis of x-ray peak shapes on diamond diffraction lines in a powdered sample as a function of pressure and temperature. At room temperature, the diamond crystals exhibit elastic behavior with increasing pressure. Significant ductile deformation is observed only at temperatures above 1000 degrees C at this pressure. The differential yield strength of diamond decreases with temperature from 16 gigapascals at 1100 degrees C to 4 gigapascals at 1550 degrees C. Transmission electron microscopy observations on the recovered sample indicate that the dominant deformation mechanism under high pressure and temperature is crystal plasticity.
p53 mutation does not correlate with radiosensitivity in 24 head and neck cancer cell lines. (1993)

The molecular basis of tumor response to therapeutic radiation is poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests the p53 tumor suppressor gene may be involved in production of the G1 arrest seen following DNA damage by X-irradiation. It has further been proposed that tumor cells lacking the p53 checkpoint function are likely to be more sensitive to cell killing by X-irradiation because these cells enter S phase despite unrepaired DNA damage. We tested the hypothesis that tumor cells with p53 mutations are more radiosensitive by correlating the in vitro surviving fraction at 2 Gy with the mutational status of 24 head and neck squamous cell cancer cell lines. p53 mutations were present in 15 of 24 (63%) of tumors; all were homozygous changes occurring within exons 5-9. The surviving fraction at 2 Gy for the group with mutations was 0.568 compared to 0.507 for tumors without mutations (P = 0.28, Mann-Whitney test). Furthermore, no association between radiosensitivity and mutational type, codon location, or predicted amino acid alteration was noted. Our data do not support the hypothesis that p53 gene alteration predisposes tumor cells to increased cell killing via radiation.
MMP7 is a target of the tumour‐associated antigen EpCAM (2012)

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a single-transmembrane protein, which is involved in numerous cellular processes including cell adhesion, proliferation, maintenance of stemness of embryonic cells and progenitors, migration and invasion. Activation of signal transduction by EpCAM is warranted by regulated intramembrane proteolysis and nuclear translocation of the intracellular domain EpICD. Here, we describe matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) as a target gene of EpCAM signalling viaEpICD nuclear translocation. EpCAM and MMP7 expression pattern and levels positively correlated in vitro and in vivo, and were strongly elevated in primary carcinomas of the head and neck area. Hence, MMP7 is a novel target of EpCAM signalling.