gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Products of reductions of 2-nitroimidazoles (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProducts of reductions of 2-nitroimidazolesRobert A. McClelland, Rick Panicucci, and A. Michael RauthCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 14, 4308–4314Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00248a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00248a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views936Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Psychometric properties of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA): Comparison to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). (2007)

The State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA; M. J. Ree, C. MacLeod, D. French, & V. Locke, 2000) was designed to assess cognitive and somatic symptoms of anxiety as they pertain to one's mood in the moment (state) and in general (trait). This study extended the previous psychometric findings to a clinical sample and validated the STICSA against a well-published measure of anxiety, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; C. D. Spielberger, 1983). Patients (N=567) at an anxiety disorders clinic were administered a battery of questionnaires. The results of confirmatory factor analyses (Bentler-Bonnett nonnormed fit index, comparative fit index, and Bollen fit index>.90; root-mean-square error of approximation<.05); convergent and discriminant validity analyses; and group comparisons supported the reliability and validity of the STICSA as a measure of state and trait cognitive and somatic anxiety. In addition, compared with the STAI (anxiety: rs</=.52; depression: rs>/=.64), the STICSA was more strongly correlated with another measure of anxiety (rs>/=.67) and was less strongly correlated with a measure of depression (rs</=.61). These findings suggest that the STICSA may be a purer measure of anxiety symptomatology than is the STAI.
CELL-TARGETED RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEINS DERIVED FROM PROTEIN COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES (2008)

Combinatorial protein libraries based on a protein template offer a vast potential for deriving protein variants harboring new receptor specificity while retaining other tem-plate functions to serve as library search-engines, cell-routing sequences and therapeutic domains. This concept was tested with the design and synthesis of protein libraries where short random peptide motifs were embedded directly within the catalytic A subunit of the bacterial ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) known as Shiga-like toxin 1 (SLT-1). More precisely, a seven amino acid peptide epitope (PDTRPAP) was inserted between residues 245-246 of its A subunit (SLT-1APDTRPAP) and shown to preserve catalytic function while exposing the epitope. SLT-1 A chain libraries harboring tripep-tide and heptapeptide random elements were subsequently constructed, screened and shown to express more than 90% of expected cytotoxic A chain variants. Finally, more than 9,000 purified SLT-1 A chain variants were screened using their ribosome-inactivating function in a cell-based assay to identify mutants that are able to kill human melanoma 518-A2 cells. This search led to the striking discovery of a single chain RIP that displays selectivity for a panel of human melanoma cell lines as well as minimal immunogenicity when injected repeatedly into mice. This directed evolution of a RIP template provides a broad platform for identifying cell type specific cytotoxic agents.
Chiroptical properties and conformation of N-acetyl-L-amino acids N'-methylamides with aliphatic side chains (1983)

CD and 1 H NMR spectra of L-alanine ( I ), L-leucine ( II ), L-valine ( III ) and L-tert-leucine ( IV ) N-acetyl N'-methylamides were measured at various experimental conditions involving changes of temperature, concentration and solvent polarity. The least flexible tert-leucine derivative IV exists predominantly either in right handed α-helical (α R ) conformation (fluorinated alcohols, ethanol) or in extended ( C 5 ) conformation (cyclohexane, acetonitrile). In this compound the Φ angle is constrained to about -120°, excepting aqueous solution. The flexible amides I and II exhibit more complex conformational equilibria involving probably the 3 10 , α R and C 5 conformations. The 3 10 helical conformation is favoured in water, acetonitrile and non-fluorinated alcohols, while a higher participation of α R conformation is observed in strongly polar fluorinated alcohols. Conformational distribution of the valine derivatve III is similar to IV in fluorinated alcohols and to amides I and II in other solvents. The C 7 eq conformation is clearly detected only in cyclohexane solutions of non-associated forms of I and II .
Towards Understanding Action Recognition (2013)

Although action recognition in videos is widely studied, current methods often fail on real-world datasets. Many recent approaches improve accuracy and robustness to cope with challenging video sequences, but it is often unclear what affects the results most. This paper attempts to provide insights based on a systematic performance evaluation using thoroughly-annotated data of human actions. We annotate human Joints for the HMDB dataset (J-HMDB). This annotation can be used to derive ground truth optical flow and segmentation. We evaluate current methods using this dataset and systematically replace the output of various algorithms with ground truth. This enables us to discover what is important - for example, should we work on improving flow algorithms, estimating human bounding boxes, or enabling pose estimation? In summary, we find that high-level pose features greatly outperform low/mid level features, in particular, pose over time is critical, but current pose estimation algorithms are not yet reliable enough to provide this information. We also find that the accuracy of a top-performing action recognition framework can be greatly increased by refining the underlying low/mid level features, this suggests it is important to improve optical flow and human detection algorithms. Our analysis and J-HMDB dataset should facilitate a deeper understanding of action recognition algorithms.
EncM, a versatile enterocin biosynthetic enzyme involved in Favorskii oxidative rearrangement, aldol condensation, and heterocycle-forming reactions (2004)

The bacteriostatic natural product enterocin from the marine microbe "Streptomyces maritimus" has an unprecedented carbon skeleton that is derived from an aromatic polyketide biosynthetic pathway. Its caged tricyclic, nonaromatic core is derived from a linear poly-beta-ketide precursor that formally undergoes a Favorskii-like oxidative rearrangement. In vivo characterization of the gene encM through mutagenesis and heterologous biosynthesis demonstrated that its protein product not only is solely responsible for the oxidative C-C rearrangement, but also facilitates two aldol condensations plus two heterocycle forming reactions. In total, at least five chiral centers and four rings are generated by this multifaceted flavoprotein. Heterologous expression of the enterocin biosynthesis genes encABCDLMN in Streptomyces lividans resulted in the formation of the rearranged metabolite desmethyl-5-deoxyenterocin and the shunt products wailupemycins D-G. Addition of the methyltransferase gene encK, which was previously proposed through mutagenesis to additionally assist EncM in the Favorskii rearrangement, shifted the production to the O-methyl derivative 5-deoxyenterocin. The O-methyltransferase EncK seems to be specific for the pyrone ring of enterocin, because bicyclic polyketides bearing pyrone rings are not methylated in vivo. Expression of encM with different combinations of homologous actinorhodin biosynthesis genes did not result in the production of oxidatively rearranged enterocin-actinorhodin hybrid compounds as anticipated, suggesting that wild-type EncM may be specific for its endogenous type II polyketide synthase or for benzoyl-primed polyketide precursors.
Cytokine stimulated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) ectodomain release is regulated by TIMP-3 (2005)

TIMP-3 regulates the release of sVCAM-1 from cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells, which is mediated by ADAM17.
Knock Suppression in a Turbocharged SI Engine by Using Cooled EGR (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The work presented in this paper addresses the effects on combustion of recycling cooled exhaust gas (EGR) to the inlet charge of a standard production, four cylinder 2.3 l turbocharged, SI engine. The effect of various amounts of EGR at different temperatures and ignition timings were investigated. Considerable knock suppression at power output comparable with what was achieved with fuel enrichment, could be achieved by adding cooled EGR.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Due to inherent high thermal loads, turbocharged engines have been operated at rich air/fuel-ratios during high load conditions, with subsequent high tailpipe emissions of CO in particular, but also HC. By substituting fuel enrichment with cooled EGR, a stoichiometric charge can be used, thus enabling the use of a three way catalytic converter at all operating conditions.&lt;/div&gt;
Immune responses to SS-A 52-kDa and 60-kDa proteins and to SS-B 50-kDa protein in mothers of infants with neonatal lupus erythematosus (2000)

Mothers who have anti-SS-A/Ro and anti-SS-B/La antibodies have a greater risk of bearing infants with neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE). However, most mothers with anti-SS-A/Ro and anti-SS-B/La antibodies give birth to infants with no evidence of NLE. We studied mothers who had the combination of clinical evidence of connective tissue disorder, positive antinuclear antibody and positive anti-SS-A/Ro and/or anti-SS-B/La antibodies. We analysed SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La antibody responses to recombinant 60-, 52- and 50-kDa proteins in eight mothers of NLE infants and 19 mothers whose children did not have NLE. Molecular analysis of the anti-SS-A/Ro and anti-SS-B/La antibodies was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant 60-, 52- and 50-kDa proteins. The mothers of children with cutaneous NLE were all positive for a high titre of 50-kDa protein. Mothers of children with NLE with complete heart block (CHB) were positive for 52- and 60-kDa proteins. We conjecture that anti-SS-B/La antibody influences the development of cutaneous NLE, and that anti-SS-A/Ro antibody influences the development of NLE with CHB.
Technical implementation and evaluation of a bioelectrical breast scanner (1988)

Impedance measurements can be used to visualize the distribution of resistivity inside human body. Using arrays of electrodes allows images to be reconstructed. The examination of the breast using an automated examination bank has been realized. The electrodes are moved by pneumatic jacks. This technique both reduces the examination time and ensures a more regular electrode geometry than by manual operation. The final electrode positioning is controlled by the operator and can be easily adjusted. Thirty-two electrodes are shared by sixteen current sources and sixteen differential voltmeters. Due to capacitive properties of the tumors of the breast and the need for reference values, the data are collected at two frequencies. The system described is noninvasive and of relatively low cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Plant Antitumor Agents. I. The Isolation and Structure of Camptothecin, a Novel Alkaloidal Leukemia and Tumor Inhibitor from Camptotheca acuminata1,2 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlant Antitumor Agents. I. The Isolation and Structure of Camptothecin, a Novel Alkaloidal Leukemia and Tumor Inhibitor from Camptotheca acuminata1,2Monroe E. Wall, M. C. Wani, C. E. Cook, Keith H. Palmer, A. T. McPhail, and G. A. SimCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 16, 3888–3890Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00968a057Request reuse permissionsArticle Views5243Altmetric-Citations1718LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (409 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calling British scientists abroad (1989)

The British Scientists Abroad group has launched a petition to draw attention to the effect of government science funding policies in driving academics overseas. The petition is to be signed only by British scientists working overseas, and is designed to illustrate the 'brain drain' in terms of names, UK degrees and current positions held. Thus we hope to provide a direct and comprehensive demonstration of the loss of talent and national educational investment resulting from current science policy. The petition reads:
Hydration and Percutaneous Absorption (2015)

In this contribution, we present the silica microencapsulation of hydrophilic compounds by templating Pickering emulsion droplets without contamination of the dispersed phase with either a catalyst or the silica precursor. This is accomplished by the use of an amphiphilic catalyst, which situates around the Pickering emulsion droplets and directs the reaction to the interface. Both silica precursor and the amphiphilic catalyst are soluble in the oil phase and therefore initially do not reside in the hydrophilic microcapsule templates. The thickness of the capsules can be tuned by adjusting the amount of precursor. Thus, the permeability of the capsules can in principle be controlled. The possibility of tuning the permeability holds promise for a variety of applications of the microcapsules. Because of the straightforward synthesis method and by minimizing mixing of the core with contaminants, the technique is potentially suitable for the encapsulation of delicate matter including live organisms, drugs, enzymes or bacteria.
Compensatory induction of MYC expression by sustained CDK9 inhibition via a BRD4-dependent mechanism (2015)

CDK9 is the kinase subunit of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) that enables RNA polymerase (Pol) II's transition from promoter-proximal pausing to productive elongation. Although considerable interest exists in CDK9 as a therapeutic target, little progress has been made due to lack of highly selective inhibitors. Here, we describe the development of i-CDK9 as such an inhibitor that potently suppresses CDK9 phosphorylation of substrates and causes genome-wide Pol II pausing. While most genes experience reduced expression, MYC and other primary response genes increase expression upon sustained i-CDK9 treatment. Essential for this increase, the bromodomain protein BRD4 captures P-TEFb from 7SK snRNP to deliver to target genes and also enhances CDK9's activity and resistance to inhibition. Because the i-CDK9-induced MYC expression and binding to P-TEFb compensate for P-TEFb's loss of activity, only simultaneously inhibiting CDK9 and MYC/BRD4 can efficiently induce growth arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells, suggesting the potential of a combinatorial treatment strategy.
Overexpression of murine TSLP impairs lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis (2003)

The role of thymic stromal cell-derived lymphopoietin (TSLP) in regulating hematopoiesis is poorly characterized, so we investigated its regulatory effects in vivo using TSLP transgenic mice. Overexpression of TSLP disrupted hematopoietic homeostasis by causing imbalances in lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis. Mice harboring a TSLP transgene had 5- to 700-fold fewer B and T precursors and no detectable pre-B lymphocyte colonyforming activity in the marrow or spleen. Conversely, TSLP transgenic mice possessed 15 to 20 times more splenic myeloid precursors than their littermates, and progenitor activity of the granulocyteerythrocyte-macrophage-megakaryocyte colony-forming units was significantly elevated. The arrest in lymphopoiesis and the expansion of myeloid progenitor cells in TSLP transgenic mice suggest that TSLP has negative and positive regulatory effects on lymphoid and myeloid development, respectively.
Highly Efficient Iridium Catalyst for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones under Base-Free Conditions (2005)

[reaction: see text] Catalytic systems generated in situ from the chiral PNNP ligands with iridium or rhodium hydride complexes exhibited excellent catalytic activity and good enantioselectivity in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones without added base. The best result was obtained in the IrH(CO)(PPh(3))(3)-ligand 2 catalytic system with up to 99% yield and 97% ee.
Lifting-Based Directional DCT-Like Transform for Image Coding (2007)

Traditional 2-D discrete cosine transform (DCT) implemented by separable 1-D transform in horizontal and vertical directions does not take image orientation features in a local window into account. To improve it, we propose to introduce directional primary operations to the lifting-based DCT and thereby derive a new directional DCT-like transform, whose transform matrix is dependent on directional angle and interpolation used there. Furthermore, the proposed transform is compared with the straightforward one of first rotated and then transformed. A JPEG-wise image coding scheme is also proposed to evaluate the performance of the proposed directional DCT-like transform. The first 1-D transform is performed according to image orientation features, and the second 1-D transform still in the horizontal or vertical direction. At the same time, an approach is proposed to optimally select transform direction of each block because selected directions of neighboring blocks will influence each other. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed directional DCT-like transform can dramatically outperform the conventional DCT up to 2 dB even without modifying entropy coding.
Atherosclerosis (2015)

Mechanistic studies over the past decades using in vitro systems, animal models, and human tissues have highlighted the complexity of pathophysiological processes of atherosclerosis. Hypercholesterolemia, as one of the major risk factors for the development and progression of atherosclerosis, is still the focus of many mechanistic studies and the major therapeutic target of atherosclerosis. Although there is a dire need to validate many experimental findings in humans, there is a large number of approaches that have been showing promise for contributing to future therapeutic strategies.
New Analysis Techniques for Structural Masonry (1985)

These seven papers on analysis of structural masonry that constitute this Proceedings were presented at a technical session at the ASCE Structural Engineering Congress held at Hyatt Regency Hotel, Chicago, Illinois, on September 16-18, 1985. The various aspects of masonry analysis that have been covered under these papers include the following: 1) Linear and nonlinear finite element modeling, as well as progressive failure of masonry subjected to in-plane loads where failure may occur only in joints or may involve both bricks and joints; 2) a macroscopic finite element model for masonry (without individual modeling of joints and bricks or blocks) which can handle in-plane and out-of-plane loading including both transverse shear effects and nonlinearity due to cracking; 3) cavity masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane loads; 4) a general failure criterion for the biaxial compressive strength of masonry as well as a design method based on the ultimate strength of masonry walls; 5) reduction in the buckling lengths and corresponding increase in the load carrying capacity of masonry walls due to restraining effects of floor slabs; 6) wall/floor-slab interaction in brick walls which yield load eccentricities and possible capacity reductions; and 7) a 2D-finite element model that can account for shear transfer across wythes in a composite masonry wall.
Isolation of the cDNA for erythrocyte integral membrane protein of 28 kilodaltons: member of an ancient channel family. (1991)

CHIP28 is a 28-kDa integral membrane protein with similarities to membrane channels and is found in erythrocytes and renal tubules. A cDNA for CHIP28 was isolated from human fetal liver cDNA template by a three-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cloning strategy, starting with degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the N-terminal amino acid sequence determined from purified CHIP28 protein. Using the third-step PCR product as a probe, we isolated a recombinant from a human bone marrow cDNA library. The combined sequence of the PCR products and bone marrow cDNA contains 38 base pairs of 5' untranslated nucleotide sequence, an 807-bp open reading frame, and approximately 2 kilobases of 3' untranslated sequence containing a polyadenylation signal. This corresponds to the 3.1-kilobase transcript identified by RNA blot-hybridization analysis. Authenticity of the deduced amino acid sequence of the CHIP28 protein C terminus was confirmed by expression and immunoblotting. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence suggests that CHIP28 protein contains six bilayer-spanning domains, two exofacial potential N-glycosylation sites, and intracellular N and C termini. Search of the DNA sequence data base revealed a strong homology with the major intrinsic protein of bovine lens, which is the prototype of an ancient but recently recognized family of membrane channels. These proteins are believed to form channels permeable to water and possibly other small molecules. CHIP28 shares homology with all known members of this channel family, and it is speculated that CHIP28 has a similar function.