gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells by group B streptococci (1997)

Group B streptococci (GBS) are the leading cause of meningitis in newborns. Although meningitis develops following bacteremia, the precise mechanism or mechanisms whereby GBS leave the bloodstream and gain access to the central nervous system (CNS) are not known. We hypothesized that GBS produce meningitis because of a unique capacity to invade human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC), the single-cell layer which constitutes the blood-brain barrier. In order to test this hypothesis, we developed an in vitro model with BMEC isolated from a human, immortalized by simian virus 40 transformation, and propagated in tissue culture monolayers. GBS invasion of BMEC monolayers was demonstrated by electron microscopy. Intracellular GBS were found within membrane-bound vacuoles, suggesting the organism induced its own endocytic uptake. GBS invasion of BMEC was quantified with a gentamicin protection assay. Serotype III strains, which account for the majority of CNS isolates, invaded BMEC more efficiently than strains from other common GBS serotypes. GBS survived within BMEC for up to 20 h without significant intracellular replication. GBS invasion of BMEC required active bacterial DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, as well as microfilament and microtubule elements of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. The polysaccharide capsule of GBS attenuated the invasive ability of the organism. At high bacterial densities, GBS invasion of BMEC was accompanied by evidence of cellular injury; this cytotoxicity was correlated to beta-hemolysin production by the bacterium. Finally, GBS demonstrated transcytosis across intact, polar BMEC monolayers grown on Transwell membranes. GBS invasion of BMEC may be a primary step in the pathogenesis of meningitis, allowing bacteria access to the CNS by transcytosis or by injury and disruption of the endothelial blood-brain barrier.
Cadmium sulfide photocatalyzed hydrogen production from aqueous solutions of sulfite: effect of crystal structure and preparation method of the catalyst (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTCadmium sulfide photocatalyzed hydrogen production from aqueous solutions of sulfite: effect of crystal structure and preparation method of the catalystMichio Matsumura, Satoru Furukawa, Yukinari Saho, and Hiroshi TsubomuraCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 8, 1327–1329Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100254a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j100254a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1297Altmetric-Citations269LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A 40-kilodalton cell wall protein-coding sequence upstream of the sr gene of Streptococcus mutans OMZ175 (serotype f) (1991)

Streptococcus mutans surface proteins may be important in immunization against dental caries. We report the existence of an open reading frame of 1,005 bp that lies 1,162 bases upstream of the S. mutans OMZ175 sr gene and that encodes a cell wall-associated protein. This open reading frame codes for 335 amino acid residues. The first 18-amino acid region is predominantly hydrophobic and resembles a signal peptide, and the hydrophobic C-terminal region may function as an anchor to the bacterial cell wall. On the basis of the predicted antigenic determinants of the deduced amino acid sequence, a 16-residue synthetic peptide corresponding to the middle hydrophilic coiled region was synthesized. Antibodies raised against this synthetic peptide reacted with a protein with an apparent Mr of 40,000 that was identified by Western immunoblotting in a cell wall extract from S. mutans OMZ175. The high reactivity in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the antibodies with whole S. mutans OMZ175 cells showed that this protein was located on the bacterial cell surface. Furthermore, the antipeptide immunoglobulin G recognized an identical determinant on the cell surface of other members of the S. mutans group. However, the function of this protein is not yet known.
Purification and Properties of an Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Streptomyces griseus (1974)

Abstract An enzyme that hydrolyzes di-N-acetylchitobiose linkages in oligosaccharides and glycoproteins was purified to homogeneity from cultural filtrates of Streptomyces griseus. The molecular weight of the enzyme, determined by sedimentation equilibrium analysis, is 27,200 ± 200, and it appears to consist of a single polypeptide chain. This apparent endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase was completely stable at 37° for at least 48 hours and resistant to inactivation by several proteolytic enzymes. Treatment of Asn-(GlcNAc)2(Man)6, Asn-(GlcNAc)2(Man)6(GlcNAc)2, and (GlcNAc)2(Man)6(Glc-NAc)2 with the enzyme yielded Asn-GlcNAc + (GlcNAc)1-(Man)6, Asn-GlcNAc + (GlcNAc)1(Man)6(GlcNAc)2, and GlcNAc + (GlcNAc)1(Man)6(GlcNAc)2, respectively. The [3H]dansyl-Asn derivatives, which were rapidly hydrolyzed also, were used as substrates to assay the enzyme. Similar findings obtained with specific glycoproteins are described in the accompanying paper (Tarentino, A. L., Plummer, T. H., Jr., and Maley, F. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 818–824). Asn-(GlcNAc)2(Man)1 was not hydrolyzed by this enzyme but was hydrolyzed by another apparent endo-β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase. The latter could be separated from the Asn-(GlcNAc)2(Man)6 hydrolyzing endoglycosidase by Sephadex G-100 chromatography.
A comparison of fluorescent SSCP and denaturing HPLC for high throughput mutation scanning (2000)

We examined 67 different mutations in 16 different amplicons in a comparison of mutation detection by fluorescent single strand conformation polymorphism (F-SSCP) and by denaturing HPLC (DHPLC). F-SSCP was used to analyze fluorescent amplicons with internal size standards and automated fragment analysis (GeneScan, PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). In DHPLC, unlabelled amplicons were analyzed by reverse phase HPLC with fragment detection by absorbance at 260nm. Both methods had high sensitivity (95-100%) and specificity (100%). Overall, F-SSCP with external temperature control was the more sensitive method, but DHPLC was particularly useful for the rapid analysis of novel fragments.
Introductory Lectures on Turbulence: Physics, Mathematics and Modeling (2007)

From Chapter 1: The understanding of turbulent behavior in flowing fluids is one of the most intriguing, frustrating— and important—problems in all of classical physics. The problem of turbulence has been studied by many of the greatest physicists and engineers of the 19th and 20th Centuries, and yet we do not understand in complete detail how or why turbulence occurs, nor can we predict turbulent behavior with any degree of reliability, even in very simple (from an engineering perspective) flow situations. Thus, study of turbulence is motivated both by its inherent intellectual challenge and by the practical utility of a thorough understanding of its nature.
THE MIRROR-NEURON SYSTEM (2004)

A category of stimuli of great importance for primates, humans in particular, is that formed by actions done by other individuals. If we want to survive, we must understand the actions of others. Furthermore, without action understanding, social organization is impossible. In the case of humans, there is another faculty that depends on the observation of others' actions: imitation learning. Unlike most species, we are able to learn by imitation, and this faculty is at the basis of human culture. In this review we present data on a neurophysiological mechanism--the mirror-neuron mechanism--that appears to play a fundamental role in both action understanding and imitation. We describe first the functional properties of mirror neurons in monkeys. We review next the characteristics of the mirror-neuron system in humans. We stress, in particular, those properties specific to the human mirror-neuron system that might explain the human capacity to learn by imitation. We conclude by discussing the relationship between the mirror-neuron system and language.
Utility of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) as a Screen for Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Diabetes (2003)

BNP can reliably screen diabetic patients for the presence or absence of left ventricular dysfunction.
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: Diagnostic Accuracy of Thin-Section CT in 129 Patients (1999)

Except for NIPF, the various subtypes of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias often have a characteristic appearance that allows differentiation at thin-section CT.
Purification and Characterization of a Novel ADP-dependent Glucokinase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (1995)

Pyrococcus furiosus uses a modified Embden-Meyerhof pathway during growth on poly- or disaccharides. Instead of the usual ATP-dependent glucokinase, this pathway involves a novel ADP-dependent (AMP-forming) glucokinase. The level of this enzyme and some other glycolytic enzymes appeared to be closely regulated by the substrate. Growth on cellobiose resulted in a high specific activity of 0.96 units mg-1, whereas on pyruvate a 10-fold lower activity was found. The ADP-dependent glucokinase was purified 1350-fold to homogeneity. The oxygen-stable enzyme had a molecular mass of 93 kDa and was composed of two identical subunits (47 kDa). The glucokinase was highly specific for ADP, which could not be replaced by ATP, phosphoenolpyruvate, GDP, PPi, or polyphosphate. D-Glucose could be replaced only by 2-deoxy-D-glucose, albeit with a low efficiency. The Km values for D-glucose and ADP were 0.73 and 0.033 mM, respectively. An optimum temperature of 105 degrees C and a half-life of 220 min at 100 degrees C are in agreement with the requirements of this hyperthermophilic organism. The properties of the glucokinase are compared to those of less thermoactive gluco/hexokinases.
Infection efficiency of T lymphocytes with amphotropic retroviral vectors is cell cycle dependent (1989)

The role of the host cell cycle in determining the efficiency of infection with amphotropically packaged retroviral vectors was investigated in T lymphocytes and in fibroblasts. For T lymphocytes, the efficiency of infection with a retroviral vector was dependent on the cell cycle distribution of cells in culture at the time of exposure to the vector. When cultures enriched in the G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle (by serum starvation, aphidicolin treatment, or centrifugal elutriation) were exposed to retroviral vectors, the infection efficiency was severalfold lower than that in similar cultures enriched in the S, G2, and M phases. For fibroblasts, the efficiency of infection was not cell cycle dependent. These findings are relevant for studies with retrovirus-mediated gene transfer into hematopoietic tissues.
Treatment of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in adult asthma: a before-after trial. (1995)

Antimicrobial therapy appeared to "cure" or significantly improve asthma in approximately one half of treated adults, and the response pattern was consistent with chlamydial pathogenesis. C pneumoniae infection in asthma may be clinically important and should be investigated further.
Insulin Resistance and Pancreatic Insulin Release in the Genetically Obese Zucker Rat (1972)

SummaryZucker obese rats are normoglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, and release more insulin from isolated pancreatic islets than do their nonobese controls. Basal glucose conversion to glycogen by muscle and to CO2 by isolated adipocytes is similar in Zucker obese and nonobese; insulin resistance is present in both tissues in the obese. There is a significant correlation between adipocyte response to insulin and pancreatic insulin release in obese and nonobese rats. The authors suggest a role for adipocytes in determining pancreatic function.
Transplantation of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells: A Promising Therapy for Stroke (2007)

Stroke remains a major cause of death in the US and around the world. Over the last decade, stem cell therapy has been introduced as an experimental treatment for stroke. Transplantation of stem cells or progenitors into the injured site to replace the nonfunctional cells, and enhancement of proliferation or differentiation of endogenous stem or progenitor cells stand as the two major cell-based strategies. Potential sources of stem/progenitor cells for stroke include fetal neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, neuroteratocarcinoma cells, umbilical cord blood-derived nonhematopoietic stem cells, and bone marrow-derived stem cells. The goal of this article is to provide an update on the preclinical use of bone marrow-derived stem cells with major emphasis on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) because they are currently most widely applied in experimental stroke studies and are now being phased into early clinical trials. The phenotypic features of MSCs and MAPCs, as well as their application in stroke, are described.
Isolation and Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of a Cloned cDNA Encoding the β-Subunit of Bovine Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (1986)

Two different cDNAs containing sequences coding for the beta-subunit of bovine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH-beta) have been isolated from a phage lambda gt11 bovine pituitary cDNA library. The complete nucleotide sequence of both clones was determined, and the combined sequence represents most of FSH-beta mRNA. The combined sequence contains 46 nucleotides of 5'-untranslated sequence followed by 387 nucleotides of coding sequence. The coding sequence predicts a 19-amino-acid amino-terminal precursor segment followed by the 110-amino-acid sequence of mature bovine FSH-beta. The cDNA sequence demonstrates the presence of a long 3'-untranslated region containing 1295 bases followed by a segment representing the poly(A) portion of the mRNA. Thus, the combined sequence of the cDNAs suggests a minimal size of 1.7 kb for FSH-beta mRNA. Analysis of FSH-beta sequences present in bovine pituitary mRNA demonstrated the presence of an mRNA with a size of about 2.0 kb. This apparent discrepancy is probably due to the presence of a several-hundred nucleotide tract of poly(A) at the 3' terminus of the mRNA. Comparison of the amino acid sequence predicted from the cDNA with the known amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit of FSH from several different species demonstrates that the protein has been highly conserved.
Cloning of a tumor-associated antigen: MOv18 and MOv19 antibodies recognize a folate-binding protein. (1991)

Monoclonal antibodies MOv18 and MOv19, raised against a membrane preparation of an ovarian carcinoma surgical specimen, react with a surface antigen present on the majority of nonmucinous ovarian malignant tumors tested but not with normal adult tissue (S. Miotti, S. Canevari, S. Ménard, D. Mezzanzanica, G. Porro, S. M. Pupa, M. Regazzoni, E. Tagliabue, and M. I. Colnaghi, Int. J. Cancer, 39: 297-303, 1987). This surface antigen was purified as a soluble glycoprotein (molecular mass, 36-38 kDa) released from the cell surface of an ovarian carcinoma cell line (IGROV1) by digestion with Bacillus thuringiensis phospholipase C. Immunoblotting demonstrated that the purified protein reacted with MOv18 and MOv19 and that treatment of the purified preparation with N-glycanase resulted in a protein with a molecular mass of 27 kDa. The NH3-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified antigen was determined. This sequence is highly homologous to an internal stretch of 27 amino acids located near the NH3 terminus of human folate-binding protein. An oligonucleotide probe was synthesized and used to screen an IGROV1 ovarian carcinoma, lambda gt11 complementary DNA library to obtain three complementary DNA clones. The complete nucleotide sequence of one of these complementary DNA clones was determined. This sequence is nearly identical to that of a folate-binding protein clone obtained from the Caco-2 human carcinoma cell line. In addition, the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-untranslated region of the other two clones was determined. This region of all three clones was different. The product of the Caco-2 folate-binding protein clone expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells was recognized by the MOv18 and MOv19 antibodies, confirming that the antigen and folate-binding protein are one and the same. Furthermore, a cell line that binds the MOv18 and MOv19 antibodies expressed increased levels of folate-binding protein mRNA compared with a cell line that does not bind these antibodies. These results indicate that the MOv18 and MOv19 monoclonal antibodies bind to at least one form of folate-binding protein and that this protein, which is evidently overexpressed in certain malignant tumors, may provide a suitable target for immunotherapy with these antibodies.
Synergistic Antitumor Effect of α-pinene and β-pinene with Paclitaxel against Non-small-cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) (2014)

The objective of the present research work was to evaluate the synergistic interactions between Paclitaxel (PAC) with α-pinene and β-pinene using isobolographic method against non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). This type of interaction between an established drug and a new compound is expected to enhance the efficacy of paclitaxel in combination as compared in isolation. Further, cell cycle analysis was carried out using flow cytometric analysis. Phase contrast microscopy was used to assess the effect of paclitaxel, α-pinene and β-pinene alone and in combination with each other in order to evaluate the effect of combination on cell apoptosis. Further, mitochondrial membrane potential was monitored in non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) when treated with paclitaxel, α-pinene and β-pinene alone and in combination. The results revealed that the combination of PAC with α-pinene or with β-pinene showed a plotted curve below the straight line, generating a substantial synergistic effect. The effects of the following combinations were examined utilizing isobolograms: PAC and α-pinene and PAC and β-pinene. The combination of PAC and α-pinene as well as of PAC and β-pinene actually generated a synergistic effect. We also examined the effects of these compounds on the cell cycle distributions of A549 cells by flow cytometric analysis. The percentage of sub-G0/G1-phase cells was decreased on the addition of α-pinene to PAC, while the population of G0/G1 cells was increased. The morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis like chromatin condensation and fragmentation of the nucleus were seen in PAC+α-pinene and PAC+β-pinene treated NSCLC cells.
Definition of a Thy-1 determinant on human neuroblastoma, glioma, sarcoma, and teratoma cells with a monoclonal antibody. (1982)

Abstract Neuroblastoma, glioma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and teratoma cells were shown to express an antigenic determinant of human Thy-1 with monoclonal antibody 390 (ab 390). Specificity of ab 390 for a determinant on Thy-1 was shown in three ways. 1) The distribution of antigenic determinant 390 (ag 390) among normal cells and tissues was that of human Thy-1. Quantitative absorption of ab 390 with adult tissues demonstrated a large quantity of ag 390 associated with brain, at least 90-fold less associated with kidney, and 150 to 10,000-fold less associated with lung, thymus, liver, adrenal, colon, and muscle. Ab 390 reacted strongly with cultured fibroblasts and also with 12% of thymocytes; it did not react with blood monocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, or with bone marrow cells. 2) A molecule was isolated from deoxycholate solubilized human brain membranes by ab 390 affinity chromatography with Mr = 24,000. 3) Human brain Thy-1 that was purified by lentil lectin affinity chromatography specifically inhibited binding of ab 390 to LA-N-1 human neuroblastoma cells. In studies of 29 cultured tumor cell lines, ab 390 reacted strongly with gliomas and moderately with neuroblastomas, a rhabdomyosarcoma, a leiomyosarcoma, and teratomas. Its reactivity with medulloblastoma, melanoma, and carcinoma cell lines was weak or insignificant. A molecule with Mr = 26,000, which is the m.w. of fibroblast associated Thy-1, was purified from membranes of a neuroblastoma and a glioma cell line. Quantitative absorption of ab 390 with 50 noncultured tumors demonstrated that neuroblastomas, gliomas, and soft tissue sarcomas can express more ag 390 than all adult tissues except brain. Significant heterogeneity in the quantity of ag 390 associated with individual tumors within these positive classes was observed. These data suggest a variety of human tumor cells express Thy-1 on their surfaces. This expression appears to be appropriate for neuroblastoma, glioma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma cells because normal cells of these same lineages also can express Thy-1.
Certificate revocation and certificate update (2000)

We present a solution for the problem of certificate revocation. This solution represents certificate revocation lists by authenticated dictionaries that support: (1) efficient verification whether a certificate is in the list or not and (2) efficient updates (adding/removing certificates from the list). The suggested solution gains in scalability, communication costs, robustness to parameter changes, and update rate. Comparisons to the following solutions (and variants) are included: "traditional" certificate revocation lists (CRLs), Micali's (see Tech. Memo MIT/LCS/TM-542b, 1996) certificate revocation system (CRS), and Kocher's (see Financial Cryptography-FC'98 Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998, vol.1465, p.172-7) certificate revocation trees (CRT). We also consider a scenario in which certificates are not revoked, but frequently issued for short-term periods. Based on the authenticated dictionary scheme, a certificate update scheme is presented in which all certificates are updated by a common message. The suggested solutions for certificate revocation and certificate update problems are better than current solutions with respect to communication costs, update rate, and robustness to changes in parameters, and are compatible, e.g., with X.500 certificates.