gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fractionation of Antibodies to the Pneumococcal Polysaccharides by Affinity Chromatography (1973)

Abstract Antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharides type III and VIII were fractionated by use of cross-reacting immunoadsorbents and gradient elution with cellobiose and NaCl. The polysaccharides were first derivatized with p-nitrobenzyl bromide. After reduction of the nitro group, they were linked to bovine γ-globulin by diazotization and coupling. The protein-polysaccharide complex was then linked to activated sepharose to form an immunoadsorbent. In other experiments, immunoadsorbents were synthesized from polysaccharides which had first been either subject to aminoethylation or to amidation. In some instances, partial acid hydrolysis was carried out on the completed immunoadsorbent. These adsorbents had a high capacity for antibody. By use of several different immunoadsorbents, as well as varying elution programs with cellobiose and NaCl, complex antibody mixtures could be resolved with the isolation of components of unique electrophoretic mobility. Light chains isolated from these preparations were shown to have a single amino acid sequence at the N-terminus. It is apparent that many antibodies to differing determinants on the relatively simple polysaccharide antigens may be elicited and separated on the basis of these properties.
Effects of the aggregation state of amphotericin B on its toxicity to mice (1992)

Amphotericin B (AmB) is a very effective antifungal agent for most systemic fungal infections. However, the relatively high toxicity of this drug imposes limits on its clinical usefulness. Most of the current work in this field is devoted to the search for less-toxic formulations of the drug. Here we describe the effects of three surfactants, one anionic and the other two nonionic, on the aggregation state of AmB in solutions which were injected intravenously into mice. The degree of aggregation of AmB was monitored spectroscopically and by light scattering. The toxicity was expressed as percentage of survivors. These results were compared with those obtained with doses of AmB the same as those present in a commercial formulation of AmB, Fungizone. Two surfactants, lauryl sucrose and sodium deoxycholate, used at concentrations which induced monomerization of AmB, substantially decreased the acute toxicity of AmB to mice. Conversely, the third surfactant, Tween 80, showed a synergistic potentiation of the toxicity of the antibiotic. A good correlation was found between the in vivo toxicity and the aggregation state of AmB in injected solutions. Solutions in which AmB was almost entirely monomeric were half as toxic after 24 h and about six times less toxic after 1 week than the corresponding solutions of Fungizone.
Hotmap: Looking at Geographic Attention (2007)

Understanding how people use online maps allows data acquisition teams to concentrate their efforts on the portions of the map that are most seen by users. Online maps represent vast databases, and so it is insufficient to simply look at a list of the most-accessed URLs. Hotmap takes advantage of the design of a mapping system's imagery pyramid to superpose a heatmap of the log files over the original maps. Users' behavior within the system can be observed and interpreted. This paper discusses the imagery acquisition task that motivated Hotmap, and presents several examples of information that Hotmap makes visible. we discuss the design choices behind Hotmap, including logarithmic color schemes; low-saturation background images; and tuning images to explore both infrequently-viewed and frequently-viewed spaces.
Novel, Potent, and Orally Active Substance P Antagonists: Synthesis and Antagonist Activity of N-Benzylcarboxamide Derivatives of Pyrido[3,4-b]pyridine (1995)

A series of 4-phenylisoquinolone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for NK1 (substance P) antagonist activity. Highly potent antagonists, 4-phenyl-3-isoquinolone-N-benzylcarboxamides (11), were discovered from the structure-activity relationship studies on the isoquinolone-urea lead 1a. Optimization of the activity in this series resulted in the development of 5-phenyl-6-pyrido[3,4-b]pyridine-N-benzylcarboxamides (30) which are highly potent orally active NK1 antagonists. Among the compounds synthesized, N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-7,8-dihydro-N,7-dimethyl-8-oxo-5- (substituted phenyl)-6-pyrido[3,4-b]pyridinecarboxamides (30a,f,g) showed excellent antagonist activities with IC50 values (in vitro inhibition of [125I]-BH-SP binding in human IM-9 cells) of 0.21-0.34 nM and ED50 values (in vivo inhibition of capsaicin-induced plasma extravasation in guinea-pig trachea, iv) of 0.017-0.030 mg/kg. These compounds exhibited significantly potent activity upon oral administration with ED50 values of 0.068-0.17 mg/kg. Conformational studies on 30g indicated that the two stable conformers of 30g are quite similar to those of CP-99,994.
Reduced Thermal Sensitivity of a Fiber-Optic Gyroscope Using an Air-Core Photonic-Bandgap Fiber (2007)

A 6.5-fold reduction in thermal sensitivity is demonstrated experimentally in a fiber-optic gyroscope made of a 235-m length of quadrupolar-wound air-core fiber, compared to the same gyro operated with a similar coil of conventional (SMF28) fiber. This result is in good agreement with the theoretical value of 6.6 and the value of 7.5 expected from independent thermal measurements carried out on short pieces of the same fibers
Safety and immunogenicity of HIV-1 Tat toxoid in immunocompromised HIV-1-infected patients. (1999)

These results provide initial evidence of safety and potency of Tat toxoid vaccination in HIV-1-infected individuals.
A flexible security system for using Internet content (1997)

The Internet and World Wide Web have introduced a powerful new way to acquire content. Previously, users had to either buy or order content on coded disks. They can now download executable code and applications directly. From the users' viewpoint, this decreases the amount of software stored on their machines. It also lets content providers customize applications by combining different vendors' content. Downloading content from the Internet brings risks: content that appears reputable may be malicious, given system access it can damage or destroy data. To contend with this risk, the author developed FlexxGuard, a flexible interpreter that dynamically derives protection domains and uses those domains to authorize content operations.
Fs-laser induced elasticity changes to improve presbyopic lens accommodation (2005)

According to Helmholtz' theory of accommodation one of the mayor reasons for the development of presbyopia is the increasing sclerosis of the lens. One concept to delay the process of sclerosis or even regain the deformation ability of the lens might be the treatment of the lens by femtosecond laser pulses. Our aim was to evaluate appropriate laser parameters for this possible treatment and to analyse potential changes in deformation ability of the treated lenses. We performed different cutting patterns in enucleated pig lenses (ex vivo) using the disruptive effect of an ultrafast near-infrared laser induced optical breakdown. Pulse energies and spot separation of the laser pulses were varied to investigate the effect on the generated cut. For an evaluation of the gain in deformation ability the lenses were rotated before and after treatment and the changes in lens thickness due to centrifugal forces were measured. In result, a smooth cutting was possible with appropriate parameters. The experiments showed an increase of elasticity in 70% of the eyes. When the lenses were treated more statistically, an average deformation ability increase of nearly 20%, determined by the change of thickness between untreated and treated lens, was measured.
A Sagnac Fourier Spectrometer (2016)

A transmission grating is placed in a Sagnac interferometer. Two diffracted orders propagate in opposite directions; the interference pattern at the output contains spectral information heterodyned around the design wavelength.
Liposomes in biosensors (2012)

Liposomes have been widely applied as carriers of molecules in the fields of nanodevices, drug delivery and gene delivery, as well as a mimic for cell membranes. In the biosensor field, liposomes find special application in signal amplification, due to their excellent carrier properties for encapsulation of signal marker compounds across a wide spectrum of sensing modalities. Additionally, the ability to modify the liposome surface structure to perform recognition functions with a wide range of types of analytes is an important aspect of their use in bioanalysis. This article provides an extensive review of the utility of liposomes in the fields of biosensor and bioanalysis with a focus on these two aspects. The aspects related to the translation of liposomes into commercially viable devices for biosensing are also discussed, and the hurdles to more widespread deployment in point of care systems are addressed.
On teaching dermatology to nondermatologists (1994)

I am aware that the teaching of dermatology to nondermatologists is an issue of some controversy among dermatologists. In responding to the editor's invitation to write to this issue, I must first admit to a career-long practice of teaching dermatology to nondermatologists: to residents in primary care specialties, to generations of medical students, to nurses here in the United States and elsewhere, and to physician assistants and nurse practitioners.
1‐Azadienes in heterocyclic synthesis. Reaction of 1‐N‐alkyl‐1‐azapenta‐1,3‐dienes with mesoionic oxazolones (1986)

Abstract 1‐ N ‐Alkyl‐1‐azapenta‐1,3‐dienes 2 smoothly reacted with various mesoionic oxazolones 1 to afford 3,4‐di‐hydro‐2‐pyridones 3 in excellent yields and there was no evidence for the formation of any products arising from the cycloaddition on the carboncarbon double bond or on the azomethine function.
TRPC3 Mediates T-cell Receptor-dependent Calcium Entry in Human T-lymphocytes (2003)

Stimulation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) activates Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane, which is a key triggering event for the T-cell-associated immune response. We show that TRPC3 channels are important for the TCR-dependent Ca2+ entry pathway. The TRPC3 gene was found to be damaged in human T-cell mutants defective in Ca2+ influx. Mutations of the TRPC3 gene were accompanied by changes of TRPC3 gene expression. Introduction of the complete human TRPC3 cDNA into those mutants rescued Ca2+ currents as well as TCR-dependent Ca2+ signals. Our data provide the initial step toward understanding the molecular nature of endogenous Ca2+ channels participating in T-cell activation and put forward TRPC3 as a new target for modulating the immune response.
Switchable Bragg diffraction from liquid crystal in colloid-templated structures (2002)

We have incorporated nematic liquid crystal into periodic, polymer host structures templated from self-assembled colloids. Using these composite materials, we demonstrate the first electrically switchable three-dimensional Bragg diffraction. The switchable beam deflection is potentially useful for non-mechanical beam steering and optical beam splitting devices. We compare the electro-optic response of our templated liquid-crystal/polymer composites with conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs). Our data reveal a qualitatively different and faster response for liquid crystal distributed within a connected cavity network, as compared to isolated liquid-crystal droplets within a polymer matrix.
The Soybean Stem Growth Habit Gene Dt1 Is an Ortholog of Arabidopsis TERMINAL FLOWER1 (2010)

Classical genetic analysis has revealed that the determinate habit of soybean (Glycine max) is controlled by a recessive allele at the determinate stem (Dt1) locus. To dissect the molecular basis of the determinate habit, we isolated two orthologs of pea (Pisum sativum) TERMINAL FLOWER1a, GmTFL1a and GmTFL1b, from the soybean genome. Mapping analysis indicated that GmTFL1b is a candidate for Dt1. Despite their high amino acid identity, the two genes had different transcriptional profiles. GmTFL1b was expressed in the root and shoot apical meristems (SAMs), whereas GmTFL1a was mainly expressed in immature seed. The GmTFL1b transcript accumulated in the SAMs during early vegetative growth in both the determinate and indeterminate lines but thereafter was abruptly lost in the determinate line. Introduction of the genomic region of GmTFL1b from the indeterminate line complemented the stem growth habit in the determinate line: more nodes were produced, and flowering in the terminal raceme was delayed. The identity between Dt1 and GmTFL1b was also confirmed with a virus-induced gene silencing experiment. Taken together, our data suggest that Dt1 encodes the GmTFL1b protein and that the stem growth habit is determined by the variation of this gene. The dt1 allele may condition the determinate habit via the earlier loss in GmTFL1b expression concomitant with floral induction, although it functions normally under the noninductive phase of flowering. An association test of DNA polymorphisms with the stem growth habit among 16 cultivars suggested that a single amino acid substitution in exon 4 determines the fate of the SAM after floral induction.
The McGill Pain Questionnaire: Major properties and scoring methods (1975)

The McGill Pain Questionnaire consists primarily of 3 major classes of word descriptors--sensory, affective and evaluative--that are used by patients to specify subjective pain experience. It also contains an intensity scale and other items to determine the properties of pain experience. The questionnaire was designed to provide quantitative measures of clinical pain that can be treated statistically. This paper describes the procedures for administration of the questionnaire and the various measures that can be derived from it. The 3 major measures are: (1) the pain rating index, based on two types of numerical values that can be assigned to each word descriptor, (2) the number of words chosen; and (3) the present pain intensity based on a 1-5 intensity scale. Correlation coefficients among these measures, based on data obtained with 297 patients suffering several kinds of pain, are presented. In addition, an experimental study which utilized the questionnaire is analyzed in order to describe the nature of the information that is obtained. The data, taken together, indicate that the McGill Pain Questionnaire provides quantitative information that can be treated statistically, and is sufficiently sensitive to detect differences among different methods to relieve pain.
Isolation of lavendamycin. A new antibiotic from Streptomyces lavendulae. (1982)

The isolation of lavendamycin (1) an antibiotic closely related to streptonigrin (2) is described. Details of the taxonomic description ofS. lavendulae(strain C-22, 030), production of lavendamycin, its isolation and the biological activity are given.
The N-terminal segment of pulmonary surfactant lipopeptide SP-C has intrinsic propensity to interact with and perturb phospholipid bilayers (2004)

In the present study, 13-residue peptides with sequences corresponding to the native N-terminal segment of pulmonary SP-C (surfactant protein C) have been synthesized and their interaction with phospholipid bilayers characterized. The peptides are soluble in aqueous media but associate spontaneously with bilayers composed of either zwitterionic (phosphatidylcholine) or anionic (phosphatidylglycerol) phospholipids. The peptides show higher affinity for anionic than for zwitterionic membranes. Interaction of the peptides with both zwitterionic and anionic membranes promotes phospholipid vesicle aggregation, and leakage of the aqueous content of the vesicles. The lipid-peptide interaction includes a significant hydrophobic component for both zwitterionic and anionic membranes, although the interaction with phosphatidylglycerol bilayers is also electrostatic in nature. The effects of the SP-C N-terminal peptides on the membrane structure are mediated by significant perturbations of the packing order and mobility of phospholipid acyl chain segments deep in the bilayer, as detected by differential scanning calorimetry and spin-label ESR. These results suggest that the N-terminal region of SP-C, even in the absence of acylation, possesses an intrinsic propensity to interact with and perturb phospholipid bilayers, thereby potentially facilitating SP-C promoting bilayer-monolayer transitions at the alveolar spaces.
Interaction of Escherichia coli primase with a phage G4ori(c)-E. coli SSB complex (1996)

We earlier reported that Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) bound in a fixed position to the stem-loop structure of the origin of complementary DNA strand synthesis in phage G4 (G4ori(c)), leaving stem-loop I and the adjacent 5' CTG 3', the primer RNA initiation site, as an SSB-free region (W. Sun and G. N. Godson, J. Biol. Chem. 268:8026-8039, 1993). Using a small 278-nucleotide (nt) G4ori(c) single-stranded DNA fragment that supported primer RNA synthesis, we now demonstrate by gel shift that E. coli primase can stably interact with the SSB-G4ori(c) complex. This stable interaction requires Mg2+ for specificity. At 8 mM Mg2+, primase binds to an SSB-coated 278-nt G4ori(c) fragment but not to an SSB-coated control 285-nt LacZ ss-DNA fragment. In the absence of Mg2+, primase binds to both SSB-coated fragments and gives a gel shift. T4 gene 32 protein cannot substitute for E. coli SSB in this reaction. Stable interaction of primase with naked G4ori(c). single-stranded DNA was not observed. DNase I and micrococcal nuclease footprinting, of both 5' and 3' 32P-labeled DNA, demonstrated that primase interacts with two regions of G4ori(c): one covering stem-loop I and the 3' sequence flanking stem-loop I which contains the pRNA initiation site and another located on the 5' sequence flanking stem-loop III.
The Reyes image rendering architecture (1987)

An architecture is presented for fast high-quality rendering of complex images. All objects are reduced to common world-space geometric entities called micropolygons, and all of the shading and visibility calculations operate on these micropolygons. Each type of calculation is performed in a coordinate system that is natural for that type of calculation. Micropolygons are created and textured in the local coordinate sysem of the object, with the result that texture filtering is simplified and improved. Visibility is calculated in screen space using stochastic point sampling with a z buffer. There are no clipping or inverse perspective calculations. Geometric and texture locality are exploited to minimize paging and to support models that contain arbitrarily many primitives.
Measuring the Relative Information in Allele‐Sharing Linkage Studies (2004)

In the context of allele-sharing methods, this article investigates ways of measuring the information in the marker data relative to the amount of information that would have been available if the identity-by-descent (IBD) process were known. Such measures are needed to decide whether new markers can substantially modify the evidence for excess sharing. We propose new measures that take advantage of the properties of the exponential model introduced by Kong and Cox (1997, American Journal of Human Genetics61, 1179-1188). These measures are related to Fisher Information and hence are also efficiency measures. Large-sample and small-sample properties of the new and previously proposed measures of information are examined.
Student's t robust bundle adjustment algorithm (2012)

Bundle adjustment (BA) is the problem of refining viewing and structure estimates in multi-view scene reconstruction subject to a scene model (e.g. a set of geometric constraints). Mismatched interest points cause serious problems for the standard least squares approach, as a single mismatch (i.e. outlier) will affect the entire reconstruction. We propose a novel robust Student's t BA algorithm (RST-BA), using the heavy tailed t-distribution to model reprojection errors. We design a custom algorithm to find the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates of the camera and viewing parameters. The algorithm exploits the same structure as L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -BA, matching the performance of fast L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> implementations. RST-BA is more accurate than either L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -BA or L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -BA with a σ-edit outlier removal rule for a range of simulated error generation scenarios. RST-BA also achieved better median reproduction error recovery than SBA [1] or SBA with outlier removal for large publicly available datasets.
Selective Bystander Proliferation of Memory CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Upon NK T or T Cell Activation (2000)

Ag-experienced or memory T cells have increased reactivity to recall Ag, and can be distinguished from naive T cells by altered expression of surface markers such as CD44. Memory T cells have a high turnover rate, and CD8(+) memory T cells proliferate upon viral infection, in the presence of IFN-alphabeta and/or IL-15. In this study, we extend these findings by showing that activated NKT cells and superantigen-activated T cells induce extensive bystander proliferation of both CD8(+) and CD4(+) memory T cells. Moreover, proliferation of memory T cells can be induced by an IFN-alphabeta-independent, but IFN-gamma- or IL-12-dependent pathway. In these conditions of bystander activation, proliferating memory (CD44(high)) T cells do not derive from activation of naive (CD44(low)) T cells, but rather from bona fide memory CD44(high) T cells. Together, these data demonstrate that distinct pathways can induce bystander proliferation of memory T cells.
The generation of rimitive olynomials in GF(q) with independent roots and their applications for ower residue codes, VLSI testing and finite field multipliers using normal basis (1991)

The interest of this research is in finding rimitive olynomials with linearly independent roots over the Galois field of q elements, GF(q). Existing methods are sufficient only to generate a single olynomial. Here they need to be enumerated in order to apply further selections in view of the applications. The olynomials are generated through a search algorithm extensively runed using some known results and newly derived corollaries. Tables of these olynomials are given over fields up to GF(19) for the first time. The common background for the applications is in forming a normal basis from the linearly independent roots. Three applications are discussed, each including new results: the transformation of ower residue codes to quasi-cyclic codes; the VLSI implementation of multiplication and inverse operations over Galois fields and the acceleration of BCH error correcting code decoding; and the superior aliasing robabilities for the digital testing of integrated circuits
Activated T cells induce interleukin‐12 production by monocytes via CD40‐CD40 ligand interaction (1995)

Previous studies on the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) have shown that it is released, together with other proinflammatory cytokines, shortly after exposure of phagocytic cells to a variety of pathogens. We here report that IL-12 is also released during the recall response to soluble antigen (Ag) devoid of intrinsic adjuvant activity. We show that activated T cells induce the production of IL-12 by monocytes via a mechanism involving the interaction of T cell-associated CD40 ligand with CD40 on monocytes. The data suggest that Ag presentation on monocytes favors the persistence of type 1 responses.