gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal image analysis for polygraph testing (2002)

We have designed, developed, and tested a very promising thermal image analysis method for polygraph testing. The method achieved a correct classification rate of CCR= 84% on the test population to our avail. This method, once refined, can serve as an additional channel for increasing the reliability and accuracy of traditional polygraph examination. We extract subtle facial temperature fluctuation patterns through nonlinear heat transfer modeling. The modeling transforms raw thermal data to blood flow rate information. Then, we use the slope of the average periorbital blood flow rate as the feature of a binary classification scheme. The results come to support our previous laboratory findings about the importance of periorbital blood flow in anxious states.
Periimplantitis. (2004)

Orodental rehabilitation through the use of implants offers very high success rates. In this paper, we describe some of the complications involved with this technique, such as periimplant disease and, within this category, periimplantitis, an inflammatory reaction in which there is a loss of the bony support of the implant accompanied by inflammation. The aetiology of the disease is conditioned by the status of the tissue surrounding the implant, implant design, degree of roughness, the poor alignment of implant components, external morphology and excessive mechanical load. The microorganisms most commonly associated with implant failure are spirochetes and mobile forms of Gram-negative anaerobes, unless the origin is the result of simple mechanical overload. Diagnosis is based on changes of colour in the gum, bleeding and probing depth of periimplant pockets, suppuration, x-ray and gradual loss of bone height around the tooth. Treatment will differ depending upon whether it is a case of mucositis or periimplantitis. Therapeutic objectives focus on correcting technical defects by means of surgery and decontamination techniques (abrasion with carbon particles, citric acid solution, topical tetracycline application and laser surgery). This study also presents a microbiological study of periimplantitis conducted by the Barcelona School of Dentistry that determined that the antibiotic therapy proven to be most efficacious in the antibiogram was the association of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid.
Understanding GPS : principles and applications (1996)

Fundamentals of Satellite Navigation. GPS Systems Segments. GPS Satellite Signal Characteristics and Message Formats. Satellite Signal Acquisitions and Tracking. Effects of RF Interference on GPS Satellite Signal Receiver Tracking. Performance of Standalone GPS. Differential GPS. Integration of GPS with other Sensors. Galileo. The Russian GLONASS, Chinese Bediou, and Japanese QZSS Systems. GNSS Markets and Applications.
Learning Recurrent Span Representations for Extractive Question Answering (2016)

The reading comprehension task, that asks questions about a given evidence document, is a central problem in natural language understanding. Recent formulations of this task have typically focused on answer selection from a set of candidates pre-defined manually or through the use of an external NLP pipeline. However, Rajpurkar et al. (2016) recently released the SQuAD dataset in which the answers can be arbitrary strings from the supplied text. In this paper, we focus on this answer extraction task, presenting a novel model architecture that efficiently builds fixed length representations of all spans in the evidence document with a recurrent network. We show that scoring explicit span representations significantly improves performance over other approaches that factor the prediction into separate predictions about words or start and end markers. Our approach improves upon the best published results of Wang &amp; Jiang (2016) by 5% and decreases the error of Rajpurkar et al.'s baseline by &gt; 50%.
<title>Tunneling tip engine for microsensors applications</title> (1999)

We have developed and tested a tunneling tip engine in a multi-sensor module. The tested flip-chip device uses tunneling current for feedback to control deformation of a micromachined pressure membrane. The device includes a tunneling acceleration sensor based on a similar `seesaw' structure, but this paper only reports on the membrane structure. Several intermediate test beds were designed to characterize the strength and the mechanical properties of the membrane. The data collected from these experiments were used in simulation of the sensor structure prior to final fabrication. The resulting sensor, which uses the feedback actuation signal as the sensor output, is designed for closed loop control of the tip electron tunneling current. This type of closed-loop implementation provides better linearity and dynamic range than that of open-loop sensors.
Role of A2a Extracellular Adenosine Receptor-Mediated Signaling in Adenosine-Mediated Inhibition of T-Cell Activation and Expansion (1997)

Accumulation of adenosine and of deoxyadenosine in the absence of adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) activity results in lymphocyte depletion and in severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA SCID), which is currently explained by direct cell death-causing effects of intracellular products of adenosine metabolism. We explored the alternative mechanisms of peripheral T-cell depletion as due to inhibition of T-cell expansion by extracellular adenosine-mediated signaling through purinergic receptors. The strong inhibition of the T-cell receptor (TCR)-triggered proliferation and of upregulation of interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25) molecules, but not the direct lymphotoxicity, were observed at low concentrations of extracellular adenosine. These effects of extracellular adenosine (Ado) are likely to be mediated by A2a receptor-mediated signaling rather than by intracellular toxicity of adenosine catabolites, because (1) poorly metabolized adenosine analogs cause the accumulation of cAMP and strong inhibition of TCR-triggered CD25 upregulation; (2) the A2a, but not the A1 or A3, receptors are the major expressed and functionally coupled adenosine receptors in mouse peripheral T and B lymphocytes, and the adenosine-induced cAMP accumulation in lymphocytes correlates with the expression of A2a receptors; (3) the specific agonist of A2a receptor, CGS21680, induces increases in [cAMP]i in lymphocytes, whereas the specific antagonist of A2a receptor, CSC, inhibits the effects of Ado and CGS21680; and (4) the increases in [cAMP]i mimic the adenosine-induced inhibition of TCR-triggered CD25 upregulation and splenocyte proliferation. These studies suggest the possible role of adenosine receptors in the regulation of lymphocyte expansion and point to the downregulation of A2a purinergic receptors on T cells as a potentially attractive pharmacologic target.
Insights into Actinobacillus succinogenes Fermentative Metabolism in a Chemically Defined Growth Medium (2005)

Chemically defined media allow for a variety of metabolic studies that are not possible with undefined media. A defined medium, AM3, was created to expand the experimental opportunities for investigating the fermentative metabolism of succinate-producing Actinobacillus succinogenes. AM3 is a phosphate-buffered medium containing vitamins, minerals, NH4Cl as the main nitrogen source, and glutamate, cysteine, and methionine as required amino acids. A. succinogenes growth trends and end product distributions in AM3 and rich medium fermentations were compared. The effects of NaHCO3 concentration in AM3 on end product distribution, growth rate, and metabolic rates were also examined. The A. succinogenes growth rate was 1.3 to 1.4 times higher at an NaHCO3 concentration of 25 mM than at any other NaHCO3 concentration, likely because both energy-producing metabolic branches (i.e., the succinate-producing branch and the formate-, acetate-, and ethanol-producing branch) were functioning at relatively high rates in the presence of 25 mM bicarbonate. To improve the accuracy of the A. succinogenes metabolic map, the reasons for A. succinogenes glutamate auxotrophy were examined by enzyme assays and by testing the ability of glutamate precursors to support growth. Enzyme activities were detected for glutamate synthesis that required glutamine or alpha-ketoglutarate. The inability to synthesize alpha-ketoglutarate from glucose indicates that at least two tricarboxylic acid cycle-associated enzyme activities are absent in A. succinogenes.
Randomized study of rituximab in patients with relapsed or resistant follicular lymphoma prior to high-dose therapy as in vivo purging and to maintain remission following high-dose therapy. (2010)

8005 Background: To evaluate the effects of in vivo purging with rituximab 375 mg/m2 weekly × 4 (RP) and maintenance rituximab 375 mg/m2 every 3 months for 2 years (RM) on progression free survival (PFS) in patients with relapsed follicular NHL (rFL) undergoing high-dose therapy with BEAM conditioning. Methods: From Oct 1999 to Apr 2006, 280 of a planned 420 patients with rFL in first (n=16), second (n= 222) or third remission (n=41) who achieved either a complete remission (n=83) or a very good partial remission (n=196) to induction chemotherapy, with limited bone marrow infiltration (<25% B-lymphocytes) underwent a single randomisation in a 2x2 design to RP and RM, n = 69; RP, n = 72; RM, n = 69; No R n = 70. Results: PFS at 5 years was 54.3% versus 47.8% for in vivo purging versus none (logrank PFS; p=0.20; HR 1.23, 95%CI: 0.89 - 1.72). PFS at 5 years was 58.8% versus 42.6% in patient receiving R maintenance versus none (logrank PFS; p=0.02; HR 1.50, 95%CI: 1.07 - 2.09). PFS at 5 years was 54.8% versus 37.6% in patient receiving R purging and maintenance versus none (logrank PFS; p=0.05; HR 1.44, 95%CI: 1.004 – 2.05). The success of salvage therapy is reflected in an overall survival at 5 years of 80.8% (95% CI: 75.5 – 85.0). Conclusions: This study shows that peri-autograft, R in vivo purging and 2 years maintenance post autograft gives a superior PFS compared to no rituximab. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Roche Roche Roche Roche
Recommendations Based on Purchase Patterns (2014)

We propose an approach of recommendation based on purchase patterns. The purchase history of users is analyzed to find their purchase patterns related to user behavior. These patterns are then used to predict the category of next possible purchase in a particular location. The proposed approach is experimented on real transaction data. Synthetic and simulation tests are conducted to evaluate the performance. Results show that it performs better than the baseline sequential pattern analysis.
Profiling Serine Hydrolase Activities in Complex Proteomes (2001)

Serine hydrolases represent one of the largest and most diverse families of enzymes in higher eukaryotes, comprising numerous proteases, lipases, esterases, and amidases. The activities of many serine hydrolases are tightly regulated by posttranslational mechanisms, limiting the suitability of standard genomics and proteomics methods for the functional characterization of these enzymes. To facilitate the global analysis of serine hydrolase activities in complex proteomes, a biotinylated fluorophosphonate (FP-biotin) was recently synthesized and shown to serve as an activity-based probe for several members of this enzyme family. However, the extent to which FP-biotin reacts with the complete repertoire of active serine hydrolases present in a given proteome remains largely unexplored. Herein, we describe the synthesis and utility of a variant of FP-biotin in which the agent's hydrophobic alkyl chain linker was replaced by a more hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) moiety (FP-peg-biotin). When incubated with both soluble and membrane proteomes for extended reaction times, FP-biotin and FP-peg-biotin generated similar "maximal coverage" serine hydrolase activity profiles. However, kinetic analyses revealed that several serine hydrolases reacted at different rates with each FP agent. These rate differences were exploited in studies that used the biotinylated FPs to examine the target selectivity of reversible serine hydrolase inhibitors directly in complex proteomes. Finally, a general method for the avidin-based affinity isolation of FP-biotinylated proteins was developed, permitting the rapid and simultaneous identification of multiple serine peptidases, lipases, and esterases. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that chemical probes such as the biotinylated FPs can greatly accelerate both the functional characterization and molecular identification of active enzymes in complex proteomes.
[Relationship between follicular development and insulin like growth factor I receptor in stimulated cycles]. (2001)

The expression of IGF-I R correlated with the effects of gonadotropin hormone on follicular development.
Reduction of nitrate to ammonium by sulphate green rust: activation energy and reaction mechanism (1998)

Abstract Iron(II)-containing minerals are potential inorganic nitrate reductants in soils and sediments. Specifically, synthetic green rust (Fe 4 II Fe III 2 (OH) 12 SO 4 . y H 2 O, GR) reduces nitrate to ammonium. The reaction of GR with two different nitrate salts, NaNO 3 and Ba(NO 3 ) 2 , has been compared. The reaction stoichiometry and the reaction order with respect to Fe(II) in GR does not change in the examined temperature range (15-50°C) irrespective of the nitrate salt used. Activation energies of 83.9±7.6 kJ mol -1 and 90.5±6.9 kJ mol -1 have been determined for the reaction of GR with NaNO 3 and Ba(NO 3 ) 2 , respectively. However, for the latter reaction the rate of reaction is increased 40 times. Based on X-ray and M6ssbauer investigations, this acceleration of the reaction rates is attributed to the forced exchange of sulphate with nitrate in GR interlayers caused by precipitation of BaSO 4 outside the GR particles, a reaction which does not occur in the presence of NaNO 3 . This difference in anion exchange behaviour is confirmed by anion exchange experiments with the redox-inactive GR-analogue, pyroaurite. A reaction model initiated by nitrate electrostatically bound at positively charged sites of GR is proposed.
Individual microtubules viewed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy in the same PtK2 cell (1978)

PtK2 cells were grown on gold grids and treated with Triton X-100 in a microtubule stabilizing buffer. The resulting cytoskeletons were fixed with glutaraldehyde and subjected to the indirect immunofluorescence procedure using monospecific tubulin antibodies. Grids were examined first by fluorescence microscopy, and the display of fluorescent cytoplasmic microtubules was recorded. The grids were then stained with uranyl acetate and the display of fibrous structures recorded by electron microscopy. Thus the display of cytoplasmic microtubular structures in the light microscope and the electron microscope can be compared within the same cytoskeleton. The results show a direct correspondence of the fluorescent fibers in the light microscope with uninterrupted fibers of diameter approximately 550 A in the electron microscope. This is the diameter reported for a single microtubule decorated around its circumference by two layers of antibody molecules. Thus under optimal conditions immunofluorescence microscopy can visualize individual microtubules.
Glial Cell Diversification in the Rat Optic Nerve (1989)

A central challenge in developmental neurobiology is to understand how an apparently homogeneous population of neuroepithelial cells in the early mammalian embryo gives rise to the great diversity of nerve cells (neurons) and supporting cells (glial cells) in the mature central nervous system. Because the optic nerve is one of the several types of glial cells but no intrinsic neurons, it is an attractive place to investigate how neuroepithelial cells diversify. Studies of developing rat optic nerve cells in culture suggest that both cell-cell interactions and intrinsic cellular programs play important parts in glial cell diversification.
Regulation of MDM2 Stability After DNA Damage (2015)

Cells in our body are constantly exposed to various stresses and threats to their genomic integrity. The tumor suppressor protein p53 plays a critical role in successful defense against these threats by inducing apoptotic cell death or cell cycle arrest. In unstressed conditions, p53 levels and activity must be kept low to prevent lethal activation of apoptotic and senescence pathways. However, upon DNA damage or other stressors, p53 is released from its inhibitory state to induce an array of apoptosis and cell cycle genes. Conversely, inactivation of p53 could promote unrestrained tumor proliferation and failure to appropriately undergo apoptotic cell death, which could, in turn, lead to carcinogenesis. The ubiquitin E3 ligase MDM2 is the most critical inhibitor of p53 that determines the cellular response to various p53-activating agents, including DNA damage. MDM2 activity is controlled by post-translational modifications, especially phosphorylation. However, accumulating evidence suggests that MDM2 is also regulated at the level of protein stability, which is controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Here, we discuss how MDM2 can be regulated in response to DNA damage with particular focus on the regulation of MDM2 protein stability.
Selective Dehydration of Alkanediols into Unsaturated Alcohols over Rare Earth Oxide Catalysts (2013)

Syntheses of unsaturated alcohols in the vapor-phase catalytic dehydration of alkanediols over rare earth oxides are reviewed. CeO2 effectively catalyzes the dehydration of 1,3-butanediol to produce 3-buten-2-ol and trans-2-buten-1-ol. Heavy rare earth oxides such as Er2O3, Yb2O3, and Lu2O3 selectively catalyze the dehydration of 1,4-butanediol to produce 3-buten-1-ol. In the dehydration of 1,5-pentanediol, Yb2O3, Lu2O3, and Sc0.5Yb1.5O3 catalysts efficiently work to produce 4-penten-1-ol. The active and selective oxides are composed of large particles with well-crystallized fluorite or bixbyite structure. Small oxide particles with poor crystallinity decrease the selectivity to unsaturated alcohols because of their dehydrogenation ability. In the reactions of different alkanediols, the reactivity of alkanediol depends on the length between the OH groups as well as on the geometry of the catalyst surface, which is affected by the distance between rare earth cations. For example, over CeO2, the reactivity order of the alkanediols is 1,3-butanediol > 1,4-butanediol > 1,5-pentanediol > 1,6-hexanediol. Quantum calculations support a probable reaction mechanism: OH groups and the H of the position-2 methylene group of 1,3-butanediol are interacted with the surface Ce4+ to form a tridentate coordination, and the abstraction of the position-2 H by Ce4+ is the initial step of 1,3-butanediol dehydration in the formation of unsaturated alcohols.
Low-Power VLSI Design of LDPC Decoder Using DVFS for AWGN Channels (2009)

This paper presents a low-power LDPC decoder design for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. The proposed decoding scheme provides constant-time decoding and thus facilitates real-time applications where guaranteed data rate is required. It analyzes each received data frame to estimate the maximum number of necessary iterations for frame convergence. The results are then used to dynamically adjust decoder frequency and switch between multiple-voltage levels; thereby energy use is minimized. It differs from recent publications on speculative LDPC decoding for block-fading channels. Our approach addresses the more difficult problem of decoding requirement prediction for data frames in AWGN channels. It is also directly applicable for fading channels. A decoder architecture utilizing offset min-sum layered decoding algorithm is presented. Up to 30% saving in decoding energy consumption is achieved with negligible coding performance degradation.
The metIC operon involved in methionine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis is controlled by transcription antitermination (2002)

There are two major pathways for methionine biosynthesis in micro-organisms. Little is known about these pathways in Bacillus subtilis . The authors assigned a function to the metI (formerly yjcI ) and metC (formerly yjcJ ) genes of B. subtilis by complementing Escherichia coli metB and metC mutants, analysing the phenotype of B. subtilis metI and metC mutants, and carrying out enzyme activity assays. These genes encode polypeptides belonging to the cystathionine γ-synthase family of proteins. Interestingly, the MetI protein has both cystathionine γ-synthase and O -acetylhomoserine thiolyase activities, whereas the MetC protein is a cystathionine β-lyase. In B. subtilis , the transsulfuration and the thiolation pathways are functional in vivo . Due to its dual activity, the MetI protein participates in both pathways. The metI and metC genes form an operon, the expression of which is subject to sulfur-dependent regulation. When the sulfur source is sulfate or cysteine the transcription of this operon is high. Conversely, when the sulfur source is methionine its transcription is low. An S-box sequence, which is located upstream of the metI gene, is involved in the regulation of the metIC operon. Northern blot experiments demonstrated the existence of two transcripts: a small transcript corresponding to the premature transcription termination at the terminator present in the S-box and a large one corresponding to transcription of the complete metIC operon. When methionine levels were limiting, the amount of the full-length transcript increased. These results substantiate a model of regulation by transcription antitermination.
Criteria for effective design, construction, and gene knockdown by shRNA vectors (2006)

The use of mixed oligonucleotide pairs provides a time and cost efficient method of producing wild type and mutant control shRNA vectors. The addition to sequencing reactions of a combination of mixed dITP/dGTP chemistries and DNA relaxing agents enables read through the intrinsic secondary structure of problematic shRNA vectors. Six published algorithms for siRNA oligonucleotide design that were tested in this study show little or no efficacy at predicting shRNA knockdown outcome. However, application of a modification based on the central shRNA stability should provide a useful improvement to the design of effective shRNA vectors.
Effects of amino acid supplements and replacement of polyvinyl alcohol with bovine serum albumin in porcine zygote medium (2006)

The effects of glutamine, hypotaurine, taurine and premixed solutions of essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) on in vitro development of porcine zygotes were evaluated. The effects of refreshing the medium and replacing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) on embryonic development were also investigated. Porcine zygotes produced by in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) were cultured in porcine zygote medium (PZM), as the basal culture medium, for 5 days after IVF. The total number of cells in blastocysts was significantly increased by the addition of 2 mm glutamine to PZM, as was blastocyst yields after supplementation with 0.25 to 4 mm glutamine. Addition of 1.25 to 10 mm hypotaurine to PZM significantly increased blastocyst yields. Addition of 5 mm taurine to PZM significantly increased blastocyst yield, whereas taurine had no effect on blastocyst yield in cultures already containing 5 mm hypotaurine. Adding 1 x EAA significantly increased the rate of blastocyst formation compared with no or 2 x EAA, whereas 2 x NEAA significantly increased the total cell numbers in blastocysts compared with no NEAA. Refreshing the medium at Day 3 had no effect on blastocyst yields, whereas medium change significantly reduced the total cell numbers in blastocysts. Adjusting the amino acid concentrations of a chemically defined medium can improve the developmental competence of porcine embryo.