gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross talks in multiwavelength optical cross-connect networks (1995)

Optical cross talks imposes a major limit to the practical implementation of multiwavelength optical cross-connect (multi- λ OXC) networks.1-4 Optical cross talks in various multi-λ OXC node realizations may manifest themselves differently in terms of source, interference properties, and accumulation behaviors. On the basis of three general multi-λ OXC node schemes, two basic optical-cross-talk mechanisms, interband and intraband cross talks, generated by nonideal wavelength-channel (λ-channel) demultiplexing (DEMUX) and optical space switching, are established. With these elements and their properties clearly outlined, guidelines to component and network architecture design for minimizing cross-talk impairments can be derived.
Mining the Web: Discovering Knowledge from Hypertext Data (2002)

Preface. Introduction. I Infrastructure: Crawling the Web. Web search. II Learning: Similarity and clustering. Supervised learning for text. Semi-supervised learning. III Applications: Social network analysis. Resource discovery. The future of Web mining.
Panel of Serum Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer (2007)

This panel of four serum proteins is valuable in suggesting the diagnosis of lung cancer. These data may be useful for treating patients with an indeterminate pulmonary lesion, and potentially in predicting individuals at high risk for lung cancer.
Longitudinal guided waves for monitoring corrosion in reinforced mortar (2008)

Guided longitudinal modes in both low (<200 kHz) and high (2–8 MHz) frequency ranges were invoked to monitor damage in reinforced mortar specimens undergoing accelerated uniform corrosion. The fundamental longitudinal mode, i.e. L(0, 1), and the L(0, 9) mode were invoked for low- and high-frequency testing, respectively. Because of the significant amount of axial displacement at the steel/mortar interface, the L(0, 1) mode was so appreciably attenuated for the particular specimen size used that it is was not detected until after corrosion had initiated and corrosion product accumulation caused mortar cracking. Once detected, the L(0, 1) mode was sensitive to the combined effects of bond deterioration and mortar stiffness reduction. The L(0, 9) mode has negligible radial and axial displacement at the steel/mortar interface. As a result, the L(0, 9) mode is relatively insensitive to the surrounding interface conditions at high frequencies. This allows for changes in the steel cross-sectional area and bar topography to be isolated and monitored from the onset of corrosion up to severe pitting.
Sensory Effects of Transient Electrical Stimulation - Evaluation with a Neuroelectric Model (1985)

A model of myelinated nerve axon was used to study the initiation and propagation of action potentials for a variety of extracellular electrical stimuli. Frankenhaeuser-Huxley nonlinearities were incorporated at each of several nodes in a longitudinal array, and the extracellular current pulse was modeled as a spatial distribution of voltage disturbance along the membrane. Results from the model were compared to data from human sensory experiments and from animal electrophysiological experiments. Effects of polarity, electrode position, pulse duration, and biphasic oscillation frequency were examined. Biphasic pulses have higher excitation thresholds than monophasic pulses, provided the duration of a single phase is short relative to the time constant of the membrane depolarization process. The shapes of strength/duration curves from sensory experiments conform well to model predictions for monophasic stimuli. Strength/frequency curves derived from the model are similar to those from sensory stimulation with sinusoidal currents. The shapes of strength/frequency curves can be explained by membrane integration effects at high frequencies and membrane leakage effects at low frequencies. The model predicts lower thresholds for cathodal than for anodal stimulation: the predicted degree of polarity selectivity is confirmed by direct stimulation of axons in animal experiments, but is at variance with the selectivity found in human transcutaneous stimulation.
Independent Generation of the 5-Hydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymidin-6-yl Radical and Its Reactivity in Dinucleoside Monophosphates (2004)

Hydroxyl radical is a major reactive oxygen species produced by γ-radiolysis of water or Fenton reaction. It attacks pyrimidine bases and gives the 5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydropyrimidin-6-yl radical as the major product. Here we report the synthesis of all four stereoisomers of 5-hydroxy-6-phenylthio-5,6-dihydrothymidine (T*), which, upon 254 nm UV irradiation, give rise to the 5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymidin-6-yl radical (I). We also incorporated the photolabile radical precursors into dinucleoside monophosphates d(GT*) and d(TT*) and characterized major products resulting from the 254-nm irradiation of these dinucleoside monophosphates. Our results showed that, under anaerobic conditions, the most abundant product emanating from the 254-nm irradiation of d(GT*) and d(TT*) is an abasic site lesion. Products with the thymine portion being modified to thymine glycol and 5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine were also observed. In addition, we demonstrated that radical I can attack the C8 carbon atom of its 5‘ neighboring guanine and give rise to a novel cross-link lesion. Moreover, LC−MS/MS results showed that γ-radiation of d(GT) under anaerobic condition yielded the same type of cross-link lesions.
Succinic acid production with reduced by-product formation in the fermentation ofAnaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens using glycerol as a carbon source (2000)

Succinic acid was produced by fermentation of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens using glycerol as a carbon source. When cells were anaerobically cultured in a medium containing 6.5 g/L glycerol, a high succinic acid yield (133%) was obtained while avoiding the formation of by-product acetic acid. The gram ratio of succinic acid to acetic acid was 25.8:1, which is 6.5 times higher than that obtained using glucose (ca. 4:1) as a carbon source. Therefore, succinic acid can be produced with much less by-product formation by using glycerol as a carbon source, which will facilitate its purification. When glucose and glycerol were cofermented with the increasing ratio of glucose to glycerol, the gram ratio of succinic acid to acetic acid and succinic acid yield decreased, suggesting that glucose enhanced acetic acid formation irrespective of the presence of glycerol. Glycerol consumption by A. succiniciproducens required unidentified nutritional components present in yeast extract. By intermittently feeding yeast extract along with glycerol, a high succinic acid yield (160%) could be obtained while still avoiding acetic acid formation. This resulted in the highest ratio of succinic acid to acetic acid (31.7:1).
Water-soluble carrier proteins having carboxyl spacer groups. (1985)

Three water-soluble bovine serum albumin derivatives with carboxyl spacer groups have been synthesized as carrier proteins for direct preparation of conjugates between proteins and low molecular haptens with amino groups. N-Glycylaminomethanesulfonic acid, a newly developed solubilizing reagent for proteins, was first introduced into bovine serum albumin through its carboxyl groups. After the methylation of carboxyl groups remaining unreacted in the modified albumin, N-succinylglycine and N-bromoacetyl-β-alanine, both carboxyl spacer reagents, were reacted with the amino or imidazole groups of the modified albumin, respectively, to give two water-soluble albumin derivatives. Another water-soluble albumin derivatives. Another water-soluble albumin derivative was obtained by treating the modified albumin with N-bromoacetyl-β-alanine followed by amidination of the remaining amino groups of the albumin with methylacetimidate. Glycine ethyl ester, selected as a model hapten that has an amino group, was reacted with these albumin derivatives to form conjugates, and 4-15 ester moieties can be incorporated into one molecule of the albumin derivatives without loss of their water-solubility.
[Historical review on chemical and medical studies of globefish toxin before World War II]. (1994)

"Fugu," a species of globefish has eaten by Japanese people for a long time, so globefish poisoning in Japan has been prevalent. Figures are shown in the Annual Food Poisoning Report collected and issued by health service authorities of Japanese Government since 1879. These reports prompted Dr. Yoshizumi Tahara, National Institute of Hygienic Sciences to conduct a chemical investigation of the toxic substance of globefish in 1884. However, the analysis was very difficult and his report of investigation was delayed. Before publication of the report of Dr. Tahara, pharmacological and toxicological studies of globefish poisoning were reported by three research groups from the Facultly of Medicine, University of Tokyo in 1889. These reports concluded that globefish poison has curare-like activity and its distribution was limited to specific organs such as the ovaries and the liver. Dr. Tahara successfully isolated the poison from aqueaous extract of ovaries of globefish by precipitation with lead acetate in the presence of ammonia. He presented the results at the monthly meeting of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan in July 1894. He continued the studies and established an improved method for extraction and purification suitable for large-scale production. Finally, he confirmed that globefish contains only one toxic substance and named it Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in 1909. He elucidated the chemical nature of TTX as follows: 1) TTX is an amorphous hygroscopic powder and its character is neither alkaloid nor protein. 2) The possibility of TTX being a protamine was excluded by chemical analysis. Before the discovery ot TTX, according to folklore, globefish was regarded as medicine for leprosy because flesh of globefish contaminated with a sublethal dose of toxic substance alleviated the neuralgia of patients affected with leprosy. The clinical effect of TTX prepared by Tahara's method to suppress severe neuralgia due to leprosy and to reduce muscle spasms due to tetanus were reported by dermatologists in 1911. TTX was also given to patients with rheumatoid arthritis due to its analgesic effect. Thus, injectable TTX was manufactured and distributed by Sankyo Co., Ltd. from 1913. In terms of purity, the TTX preparation manufactured by Tahara's method seemed to be much more crude than the crystalline TTX obtained by Professor Tsuda and Dr. Kawamura in 1952. According to their report, the LD50 of the preparation for clinical use manufactured by Tahara's method was 4-5 mg/kg mouse compared to 4-6 microg/kg mouse of crystalline TTX.
Efficient software-based fault isolation (1993)

One way to provide fault isolation among cooperating software modules is to place each in its own address space. However, for tightly-coupled modules, this solution incurs prohibitive context switch overhead. In this paper, we present a software approach to implementing fault isolation within a single address space.Our approach has two parts. First, we load the code and data for a distrusted module into its own fault do main, a logically separate portion of the application's address space. Second, we modify the object code of a distrusted module to prevent it from writing or jumping to an address outside its fault domain. Both these software operations are portable and programming language independent.Our approach poses a tradeoff relative to hardware fault isolation: substantially faster communication between fault domains, at a cost of slightly increased execution time for distrusted modules. We demonstrate that for frequently communicating modules, implementing fault isolation in software rather than hardware can substantially improve end-to-end application performance.
Prevalence and Clinical Symptoms of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Hospitalized Patients (2003)

During a 17-month period, we performed retrospective analyses of the prevalence of and clinical symptoms associated with human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection, among patients in a university hospital in The Netherlands. All available nasal-aspirate, throat-swab, sputum, and bronchoalveolar-lavage samples (N=1515) were tested for hMPV RNA by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. hMPV RNA was detected in 7% of samples from patients with respiratory tract illnesses (RTIs) and was the second-most-detected viral pathogen in these patients during the last 2 winter seasons. hMPV was detected primarily in very young children and in immunocompromised individuals. In young children, clinical symptoms associated with hMPV infection were similar to those associated with human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infection, but dyspnea, feeding difficulties, and hypoxemia were reported more frequently in hRSV-infected children. Treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids was reported more frequently in hMPV-infected children. From these data, we conclude that hMPV is an important pathogen associated with RTI.
Ion solvation via neutron scattering (1995)

J. E. Enderby, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1995, 24, 159 DOI: 10.1039/CS9952400159
Urokinase plasminogen activator system: a multifunctional role in tumor progression and metastasis. (2003)

The urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system is central to a spectrum of biologic processes including fibrinoloysis, inflammation, atherosclerotic plaque formation, matrix remodeling during wound healing, tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Binding of uPA with its receptor (uPAR) initiates a proteolytic cascade that results in the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin through its own proteolytic function degrades a range of extracellular basement membrane components and activates others such as the metalloproteinases. Independent of catalytic activity, uPAR also is involved in cell signaling, interactions with integrins, cell motility, adhesion and invasion, and angiogenesis. Over expression of uPA or uPAR is a feature of malignancy and is correlated with tumor progression and metastasis. In contrast, inhibition of expression of these components leads to a reduction in the invasive and metastatic capacity of many tumors. Strategies that target uPA or its receptor with the aim of disrupting the interaction between the two or the ligand independent actions of uPAR include antisense technology, monoclonal antibodies, cytotoxic antibiotics, and synthetic inhibitors of uPA. Targeted therapy is a goal of future cancer treatment and the uPA system is a likely candidate for manipulation.
Anaemia and its functional consequences in cancer patients: current challenges in management and prospects for improving therapy (2001)

Anaemia is a common occurrence in patients with cancer and contributes to the clinical symptomatology and reduced quality of life (QOL) seen in cancer patients. Many aspects of reduced QOL, including fatigue, are known to be associated with suboptimally low levels of haemoglobin. Even mild-to-moderate anaemia adversely affects patient-reported QOL parameters. Red blood cell transfusions are associated with many real and perceived risks, inconveniences, costs, and only temporary benefits. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is an effective therapy to increase haemoglobin values in over half of anaemic cancer patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy. These increased haemoglobin values are closely correlated with improvements in QOL. Despite these objectively defined benefits, less than 50% of anaemic patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy receive rHuEPO, in contrast to patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis, where anaemia is universally and aggressively treated to more optimal haemoglobin values. However, there are several barriers that may limit more widespread use of rHuEPO. These include inconvenience associated with frequent dosing; failure of a large proportion (40 to 50%) of patients to respond; relatively slow time to response; absence of reliable early indicators of response; and current lack of rigorous pharmacoeconomic data demonstrating cost-effectiveness. Darbepoetin alfa is a novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein (NESP) that is biochemically distinct from rHuEPO, and which has been proven to stimulate red blood cell production. The molecule has a 3-fold longer half-life and increased biological activity that will allow less frequent dosing, facilitating improved management of the anaemia of cancer. With this new option for therapy, further avenues of investigation should lead to renewed interest in the clinical benefits of optimal haemoglobin levels for patients with cancer.
Pyrolytic desulfurization of coal in fluidized beds of calcined dolomite (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrolytic desulfurization of coal in fluidized beds of calcined dolomiteYaw D. Yeboah, John P. Longwell, Jack B. Howard, and William A. PetersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1982, 21, 2, 324–330Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200017a017https://doi.org/10.1021/i200017a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Protein Adsorption on Nanocrystalline TiO2 Films:  An Immobilization Strategy for Bioanalytical Devices (1998)

We have investigated the use of optically transparent, nanoporous TiO(2) films as substrates for protein immobilization. Immobilization on such films may be readily achieved from aqueous solutions at 4 °C. The nanoporous structure of the film greatly enhances the active surface area available for protein binding (by a factor of 150 for a 4-μm-thick film). We demonstrate that the redox state of immobilized cytochrome c may be modulated by the application of an electrical bias potential to the TiO(2) film and that the fluorescence yield of immobilized fluorophore-labeled maltose-binding protein may be used to monitor specifically maltose concentration. We conclude that nanoporous TiO(2) films may be useful both for basic studies of protein/electrode interactions and for the development of array-based bioanalytical devices employing both optical and electrochemical signal transduction methodologies.
Influence of iron depletion on growth kinetics, siderophore production, and protein expression of Staphylococcus aureus (1995)

Growth rates, siderophore secretion, and bacterial proteins of two clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were studied over 72 h of growth in iron-supplemented and iron-restricted chemically defined media. Under iron restriction the growth rates were decreased to different extents depending on the strain. Production of siderophore was detected in the mid-exponential and stationary phases of growth. The expression of iron-regulated proteins of 81, 23, and 17 kDa was time-dependent, associated with the same stage of growth, and might be involved in siderophore efficiency.
Serologic and T cell recognition of truncated transplantation antigens encoded by in vitro deleted class I major histocompatibility genes. (1986)

Gene constructions encoding a leader sequence and the C2, transmembrane, and intracytoplasmic exons of both H-2Ld (pLd-C2) and H-2Dd (pDd-C2) were expressed as cell surface proteins when stably introduced into mouse L cells. Distinct proteins of 17.5 and 16 kd precipitated from pDd-C2 transformants reacted with a C2 domain-specific monoclonal antibody, whereas the pLd-C2 transformants expressed a single 19 kd glycoprotein. A xenoantiserum specific for the exon VI/VIII fusion peptide of H-2Dd precipitated only the 16 kd product, suggesting that this protein was derived from an alternately spliced transcript lacking exon VII of the native gene. CTL specifically recognized the pLd-C2 and pDd-C2 gene products, indicating the existence of CTL reactive against polymorphic determinants in the C2 domain of class I antigens.
Antibacterial Properties of Carumonam (Ro 17–2301, AMA-1080), a New Sulfonated Monocyclic <i>β</i>-Lactam Antibiotic (1985)

The in vitro and in vivo activity of carumonam was tested in comparison with that of aztreonam and other beta-lactam antibiotics. With the exception of a few isolates that were overproducers of cephalosporinase, Enterobacteriaceae were highly susceptible to carumonam, 90% of the isolates being inhibited at 0.5 micrograms/ml. Aztreonam, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime were overall slightly less active than carumonam against Enterobacteriaceae. Carumonam was intermediate between ceftazidime and aztreonam as to the activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococci were resistant to the monocyclic beta-lactams. In accordance with the in vitro data, carumonam was effective against experimental septicemias and infections of the thigh and the kidney that were caused by gram-negative pathogens.
Photophysical Consequences of Conformation and Aggregation in Dilute Solutions of π-Conjugated Oligomers (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNotePhotophysical Consequences of Conformation and Aggregation in Dilute Solutions of π-Conjugated OligomersKeith A. Walters, Kevin D. Ley, and Kirk S. SchanzeView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200 Cite this: Langmuir 1999, 15, 17, 5676–5680Publication Date (Web):June 19, 1999Publication History Received22 February 1999Revised5 May 1999Published online19 June 1999Published inissue 1 August 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la990191nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/la990191nbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Absorption,Fluorescence,Magnetic properties,Oligomers,Polarization Get e-Alerts