gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mucosal Priming of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses in Rhesus Macaques by theSalmonellaType III Secretion Antigen Delivery System (2003)

Nearly all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are acquired mucosally, and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues are important sites for early virus replication. Thus, vaccine strategies designed to prime virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses that home to mucosal compartments may be particularly effective at preventing or containing HIV infection. The Salmonella type III secretion system has been shown to be an effective approach for stimulating mucosal CTL responses in mice. We therefore tested DeltaphoP-phoQ attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and S. enterica serovar Typhi expressing fragments of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein fused to the type III-secreted SopE protein for the ability to prime virus-specific CTL responses in rhesus macaques. Mamu-A*01(+) macaques were inoculated with three oral doses of recombinant Salmonella, followed by a peripheral boost with modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing SIV Gag (MVA Gag). Transient low-level CTL responses to the Mamu-A*01 Gag(181-189) epitope were detected following each dose of Salmonella. After boosting with MVA Gag, strong Gag-specific CTL responses were consistently detected, and tetramer staining revealed the expansion of Gag(181-189)-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in peripheral blood. A significant percentage of the Gag(181-189)-specific T-cell population in each animal also expressed the intestinal homing receptor alpha4beta7. Additionally, Gag(181-189)-specific CD8(+) T cells were detected in lymphocytes isolated from the colon. Yet, despite these responses, Salmonella-primed/MVA-boosted animals did not exhibit improved control of virus replication following a rectal challenge with SIVmac239. Nevertheless, this study demonstrates the potential of mucosal priming by the Salmonella type III secretion system to direct SIV-specific cellular immune responses to the gastrointestinal mucosa in a primate model.
VEGF‐A promotes tissue repair‐associated lymphatic vessel formation via VEGFR‐2 and the α1β1 and α2β1 integrins (2004)

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is strongly up-regulated in wounded cutaneous tissue and promotes repair-associated angiogenesis. However, little is known about its role in lymphatic regeneration of the healing skin. We studied wound healing in transgenic mice that overexpress VEGF-A specifically in the epidermis and in wild-type mice in the absence or presence of inhibitors of VEGF-A signaling. Surprisingly, transgenic overexpression of VEGF-A in the skin promoted lymphangiogenesis at the wound healing site, whereas systemic blockade of VEGFR-2 prevented lymphatic vessel formation. Studies in cultured lymphatic endothelial cells revealed that VEGF-A induced expression of the alpha1 and alpha2 integrins, which promoted their in vitro tube formation and their haptotactic migration toward type I collagen. VEGF-A-induced lymphatic endothelial cord formation and haptotactic migration were suppressed by anti-alpha1 and anti-alpha2 integrin blocking antibodies, and systemic blockade of the alpha1 and alpha2 integrins inhibited VEGF-A-driven lymphangiogenesis in vivo. We propose that VEGF-A promotes lymphatic vasculature formation via activation of VEGFR-2 and that lineage-specific differences of integrin receptor expression contribute to the distinct dynamics of wound-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
Dual-column immunoassays using protein G affinity chromatography (1989)

Tandem protein G affinity and reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) columns, coupled with a switching valve, were used for on-line immunoassays of antibodies and antigens. Columns with reversibly immobilized antibodies were prepared by adsorbing antibodies on the protein G column. Following antigen capture in the immunoaffinity column, antigen-antibody complexes were desorbed, dissociated, and transferred to the RPC column where they were separated and quantified. This system was used to determine the titer of a rabbit anti-human transferrin antibody sample with a precision of +/- 2%. Quantitation of human transferrin in human serum had a precision of +/- 6% and showed good agreement with rate nephelometry. The linear dynamic range for the transferrin, antigen immunoassay was 5 x 10(1) to 1 x 10(5) ng with a precision of +/- 3.5%.
Invisible antennas using mesoscale conductive polymer wires embedded within OLED displays (2017)

An efficient, optically invisible antenna applied on the touch OLED display panel is presented and demonstrated for the first time in literature. A transverse magnetic (TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> ) patch antenna is devised at 2.45 GHz on the display panel surface of a real-life smartwatch device and its radiation properties, optical visibility and touch functions are investigated.
Inhibition of proliferation and survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells by a small-molecule inhibitor of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13-Uev1A (2012)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, remains a partially curable disease. Genetic alterations affecting components of NF-κB signaling pathways occur frequently in DLBCL. Almost all activated B cell-like (ABC) DLBCL, which is the least curable group among the 3 major subtypes of this malignancy, and a substantial fraction of germinal center B cell-like (GCB) DLBCL exhibit constitutive NF-κB pathway activity. It has been demonstrated that ABC-DLBCL cells require such activity for proliferation and survival. Therefore, inhibition of NF-κB activation in DLBCL may provide an efficient and targeted therapy. In screening for small-molecule compounds that may inhibit NF-κB activation in DLBCL cells, we identified a compound, NSC697923, which inhibits the activity of the ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzyme Ubc13-Uev1A. NSC697923 impedes the formation of the Ubc13 and ubiquitin thioester conjugate and suppresses constitutive NF-κB activity in ABC-DLBCL cells. Importantly, NSC697923 inhibits the proliferation and survival of ABC-DLBCL cells and GCB-DLBCL cells, suggesting the Ubc13-Uev1A may be crucial for DLBCL growth. Consistently, knockdown of Ubc13 expression also inhibited DLBCL cell survival. The results of the present study indicate that Ubc13-Uev1A may represent a potential therapeutic target in DLBCL. In addition, compound NSC697923 may be exploited for the development of DLBCL therapeutic agents.
Mobile interaction using paperweight metaphor (2006)

Conventional scrolling methods for small sized display in PDAs or mobile phones are difficult to use when frequent switching of scrolling and editing operations are required, for example, browsing and operating large sized WWW pages.
A Fluorescence Lifetime-Based Assay for Abelson Kinase (2010)

We present a novel homogeneous in vitro assay format and apply it to the quantitative determination of the enzymatic activity of a tyrosine kinase. The assay employs a short peptidic substrate containing a single tyrosine and a single probe attached via a cysteine side chain. The structural flexibility of the peptide allows for the dynamic quenching of the probe by the nonphosphorylated tyrosine side chain. The probe responds with changes in its fluorescence lifetime depending on the phosphorylation state of the tyrosine. We use this effect to directly follow the enzymatic phosphorylation of the substrate, without having to resort to additional assay components such as an antibody against the phosphotyrosine. As an example for the application of this assay principle, we present results from the development of an assay for Abelson kinase (c-Abl) used for compound profiling. Adjustments in the peptide sequence would make this assay format suitable to a wide variety of other tyrosine kinases.
Body Composition in Renal Transplant Patients (1999)

Whether multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA), a relatively new method for measuring body composition, is also applicable for accurate body composition measurements in renal transplant (RTx) patients is not known. Therefore, the use of MF-BIA is validated in 77 RTx patients with a stable renal function at least 2 yr posttransplantation. MF-BIA is compared to isotope dilution techniques for measurement of body water compartments, and to dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and anthropometry for measurement of fat and fat free mass. Finally, DEXA and anthropometry are compared to each other. Method agreement is assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and plotted by Bland and Altman analysis. MF-BIA significantly underestimates total body water (TBW, 0.7+/-2.1 L) and overestimates the extracellular water (ECW, 3.3+/-1.8 L) compared to isotope dilution; the ICC between both techniques is 0.943 for TBW and 0.846 for ECW. The percentage body fat (BF) measured by MF-BIA is significantly higher than both BF measured by DEXA (3.4+/-4.7%) or by anthropometry (5.5+/-5.2%). The ICC between MF-BIA and DEXA is 0.887 and between MF-BIA and anthropometry 0.856. BF measured by DEXA is significantly higher than BF measured by anthropometry (2.1+/-4.4%); their ICC is 0.913. In conclusion, MF-BIA seems to be suitable for measurement of TBW in RTx patients; however, method agreement between isotope dilution and MF-BIA for the measurement of ECW is not satisfactory. In the assessment of fat and fat free mass, the reliability of MF-BIA appears to be questionable. Method agreement between DEXA and anthropometry seems to be slightly better.
Nitric Oxide Signaling in Pain and Nociceptor Sensitization in the Rat (1998)

We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in inflammatory hyperalgesia. Coinjection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA) inhibited PGE2-induced hyperalgesia. L-NMA was also able to reverse that hyperalgesia. This suggests that NO contributes to the maintenance of, as well as to the induction of, PGE2-induced hyperalgesia. Consistent with the hypothesis that the NO that contributes to PGE2-induced sensitization of primary afferents is generated in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons themselves, L-NMA also inhibited the PGE2-induced increase in tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium current in patch-clamp electrophysiological studies of small diameter DRG neurons in vitro. Although NO, the product of NOS, often activates guanylyl cyclase, we found that PGE2-induced hyperalgesia was not inhibited by coinjection of 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor. We then tested whether the effect of NO depended on interaction with the adenylyl cyclase-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, which is known to mediate PGE2-induced hyperalgesia. L-NMA inhibited hyperalgesia produced by 8-bromo-cAMP (a stable membrane permeable analog of cAMP) or by forskolin (an adenylyl cyclase activator). However, L-NMA did not inhibit hyperalgesia produced by injection of the catalytic subunit of PKA. Therefore, the contribution of NO to PGE2-induced hyperalgesia may occur in the cAMP second messenger pathway at a point before the action of PKA. We next performed experiments to test whether administration of exogenous NO precursor or donor could mimic the hyperalgesic effect of endogenous NO. Intradermal injection of either the NOS substrate L-arginine or the NO donor 3-(4-morphinolinyl)-sydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1) produced hyperalgesia. However, this hyperalgesia differed from PGE2-induced hyperalgesia, because it was independent of the cAMP second messenger system and blocked by the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ. Therefore, although exogenous NO induces hyperalgesia, it acts by a mechanism different from that by which endogenous NO facilitates PGE2-induced hyperalgesia. Consistent with the hypothesis that these mechanisms are distinct, we found that inhibition of PGE2-induced hyperalgesia caused by L-NMA could be reversed by a low dose of the NO donor SIN-1. The following facts suggest that this dose of SIN-1 mimics a permissive effect of basal levels of NO with regard to PGE2-induced hyperalgesia: (1) this dose of SIN-1 does not produce hyperalgesia when administered alone, and (2) the effect was not blocked by ODQ. In conclusion, we have shown that low levels of NO facilitate cAMP-dependent PGE2-induced hyperalgesia, whereas higher levels of NO produce a cGMP-dependent hyperalgesia.
Expression of recombinant genes in myocardium in vivo after direct injection of DNA. (1990)

The ability to program recombinant gene expression in cardiac myocytes in vivo holds promise for the treatment of many inherited and acquired cardiovascular diseases. In this report, we demonstrate that a recombinant beta-galactosidase gene under the control of the Rous sarcoma virus promoter can be introduced into and expressed in adult rat cardiac myocytes in vivo by the injection of purified plasmid DNA directly into the left ventricular wall. Cardiac myocytes expressing recombinant beta-galactosidase were detected histochemically in rat hearts for at least 4 weeks after injection of the beta-galactosidase gene. These results demonstrate the potential of this method of somatic gene therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Hochdruckinduzierte Veränderungen von Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffen (2008)

Die Hochdruckbehandlung (High Pressure Processing, HPP) zur Pasteurisierung ist ein relativ neuer Prozessschritt in der Lebensmitteltechnologie. Ein Ziel dieser innovativen Technologie im Lebensmittelbereich ist die Schaffung einer Alternative zur konventionellen thermischen Behandlung. Durch das Verfahren besteht die Möglichkeit, ungewünschte Veränderungen wertbestimmender Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffe zu vermeiden, welche mit der Verbesserung der Produktqualität einhergehen. Solch behandelte Lebensmittel werden auf dem europäischen Markt bereits angeboten. Für den europäischen Wirtschaftsraum regelt die Novel Foods Verordnung [(EG) Nr.: 258/97] das Inverkehrbringen von neuartigen Lebensmitteln und Lebensmittelzutaten, wobei ein Kriterium für die Zulassung die wesentliche Gleichwertigkeit bzw. substantielle Äquivalenz von konventionellen und neuartigen Lebensmitteln ist. Frische Mettwurst ist ein mikrobiologisch-hygienisch anfälliges Produkt. Aus lebensmitteltechnologischer Sicht wäre die Behandlung wegen der Inaktivierung unerwünschter Mikroorganismen und der damit verbundenen Haltbarkeitsverlängerung nicht nur sinnvoll sondern zum Schutz der Gesundheit des Verbrauchers auch erstrebenswert. Um eine Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigung des Verbrauchers durch neue Technologien auszuschließen, wird im Vorfeld der Zulassung eine Risikobewertung durchgeführt. Hierbei ist nicht nur der Status des Lebensmittels nach einer erfolgten Hochdruckbehandlung zu betrachten, sondern auch die Veränderungen während der nachfolgenden Lagerung auch beim Verbraucher. Hierfür wurde der Verlauf des Fettverderbes anhand von charakteristischen Parametern wie Fettkennzahlen: Säurezahl (SZ), Fettsäurespektrum des gesamten Fettes und der freien Fettsäuren, Bildung von Off-Flavour-Verbindungen sowie die Aktivität der fettabbauenden Enzyme: Lipase, Lipoxygenase analysiert. Ein wertbestimmender Inhaltsstoff ist das Vitamin E, das auch ein natürliches Antioxidanz in frischer Mettwurst darstellt. Die Analyse des Vitamin E-Gehaltes nach der Hochdruckbehandlung und auch im Verlauf der Lagerung zeigte, dass der a-Tocopherolgehalt durch die Hochdruckbehandlung selbst nicht wesentlich beeinflusst wurde. Über die gesamte Lagerdauer betrachtet ergab sich eine Abnahme des Gehaltes sowohl bei den druckbehandelten als auch bei den unbehandelten Proben. Um die Effekte der Hochdruckbehandlung in Verbindung mit den Zusatzstoffen der Mettwurst zu klären, wurde Hackfleisch mit Ascorbinsäure, Nitritpökelsalz und Citrat hochdruckbehandelt und untersucht. Alle durchgeführten Analysen wurden statistisch ausgewertet, damit die nachgewiesenen Unterschiede sicher auf die Behandlung und nicht auf die Produktionschargen der Mettwurst zurückzuführen waren. Die Betrachtung der Gesamtheit der Ergebnisse lässt den Schluss zu, dass der Einfluss der Hochdruckbehandlung auf die Fettveränderung nur gering und gegenüber Effekten von Zusatzstoffen bzw. durch die Lagerung bedingten Veränderungen sehr niedrig ist.
Extracellular secretion of a recombinant therapeutic peptide by Bacillus halodurans utilizing a modified flagellin type III secretion system (2011)

The type III flagellar secretion system of B. halodurans has been shown to successfully secrete a therapeutic peptide as a heterologous flagellin fusion. Improvements to both the strain and expression cassette led to increased levels of recombinant peptide, showing promise for a biotechnological application.
Vascular permeability factor (Vascular endothelial growth factor) expression and angiogenesis in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (1997)

These findings suggest that VPF/VEGF is an important angiogenic factor in patients with DCIS.
Elimination of cdc2 phosphorylation sites in the cdc25 phosphatase blocks initiation of M-phase. (1993)

The cdc25 phosphatase is a mitotic inducer that activates p34cdc2 at the G2/M transition by dephosphorylation of Tyr15 in p34cdc2. cdc25 itself is also regulated through periodic changes in its phosphorylation state. To elucidate the mechanism for induction of mitosis, phosphorylation of cdc25 has been investigated using recombinant proteins. cdc25 is phosphorylated by both cyclin A/p34cdc2 and cyclin B/p34cdc2 at similar sets of multiple sites in vitro. This phosphorylation retards its electrophoretical mobility and activates its ability to increase cyclin B/p34cdc2 kinase activity three- to fourfold in vitro, as found for endogenous Xenopus cdc25 in M-phase extracts. The threonine and serine residues followed by proline that are conserved between Xenopus and human cdc25 have been mutated. Both the triple mutation of Thr48, Thr67, and Thr138 and the quintuple mutation of these three threonine residues plus Ser205 and Ser285, almost completely abolish the shift in electrophoretic mobility of cdc25 after incubation with M-phase extracts or phosphorylation by p34cdc2. These mutations inhibit the activation of cdc25 by phosphorylation with p34cdc2 by 70 and 90%, respectively. At physiological concentrations these mutants cannot activate cyclin B/p34cdc2 in cdc25-immunodepleted oocyte extracts, suggesting that a positive feed-back loop between cdc2 and cdc25 is necessary for the full activation of cyclin B/p34cdc2 that induces abrupt entry into mitosis in vivo.
Reduction of post-surgical adhesions with ferric hyaluronate gel: a European study (2001)

In conclusion, ferric hyaluronate was safe and highly efficacious in reducing the number, severity and extent of adhesions throughout the abdomen following peritoneal cavity surgery.
Small-World Brain Networks (2006)

Many complex networks have a small-world topology characterized by dense local clustering or cliquishness of connections between neighboring nodes yet a short path length between any (distant) pair of nodes due to the existence of relatively few long-range connections. This is an attractive model for the organization of brain anatomical and functional networks because a small-world topology can support both segregated/specialized and distributed/integrated information processing. Moreover, small-world networks are economical, tending to minimize wiring costs while supporting high dynamical complexity. The authors introduce some of the key mathematical concepts in graph theory required for small-world analysis and review how these methods have been applied to quantification of cortical connectivity matrices derived from anatomical tract-tracing studies in the macaque monkey and the cat. The evolution of small-world networks is discussed in terms of a selection pressure to deliver cost-effective information-processing systems. The authors illustrate how these techniques and concepts are increasingly being applied to the analysis of human brain functional networks derived from electroencephalography/magnetoencephalography and fMRI experiments. Finally, the authors consider the relevance of small-world models for understanding the emergence of complex behaviors and the resilience of brain systems to pathological attack by disease or aberrant development. They conclude that small-world models provide a powerful and versatile approach to understanding the structure and function of human brain systems.
Robotic magnetic steering and locomotion of capsule endoscope for diagnostic and surgical endoluminal procedures (2009)

SUMMARY This paper describes a novel approach to capsular endoscopy that takes advantage of active magnetic locomotion in the gastrointestinal tract guided by an anthropomorphic robotic arm. Simulations were performed to select the design parameters allowing an effective and reliable magnetic link between the robot end-effector (endowed with a permanent magnet) and the capsular device (endowed with small permanent magnets). In order to actively monitor the robotic endoluminal system and to efficiently perform diagnostic and surgical medical procedures, a feedback control based on inertial sensing was also implemented. The proposed platform demonstrated to be a reliable solution to move and steer a capsular device in a slightly insufflated gastrointestinal lumen.
Proton echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging of J‐coupled resonances in human brain at 3 and 4 Tesla (2007)

In this multicenter study, 2D spatial mapping of J-coupled resonances at 3T and 4T was performed using short-TE (15 ms) proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI). Water-suppressed (WS) data were acquired in 8.5 min with 1-cm(3) spatial resolution from a supraventricular axial slice. Optimized outer volume suppression (OVS) enabled mapping in close proximity to peripheral scalp regions. Constrained spectral fitting in reference to a non-WS (NWS) scan was performed with LCModel using correction for relaxation attenuation and partial-volume effects. The concentrations of total choline (tCho), creatine + phosphocreatine (Cr+PCr), glutamate (Glu), glutamate + glutamine (Glu+Gln), myo-inositol (Ins), NAA, NAA+NAAG, and two macromolecular resonances at 0.9 and 2.0 ppm were mapped with mean Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) between 6% and 18% and approximately 150-cm(3) sensitive volumes. Aspartate, GABA, glutamine (Gln), glutathione (GSH), phosphoethanolamine (PE), and macromolecules (MMs) at 1.2 ppm were also mapped, although with larger mean CRLBs between 30% and 44%. The CRLBs at 4T were 19% lower on average as compared to 3T, consistent with a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and increased spectral resolution. Metabolite concentrations were in the ranges reported in previous studies. Glu concentration was significantly higher in gray matter (GM) compared to white matter (WM), as anticipated. The short acquisition time makes this methodology suitable for clinical studies.