gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital three-dimensional imaging in the infrared at the National Research Council of Canada (1994)

This paper presents work performed at the National Research Council of Canada in infrared range imaging, i.e., from 1.5 micrometers to 1.8 micrometers . This region of the spectrum is chosen for eye-safety reasons. Basic concepts explaining the triangulation principle used in NRC prototypes are presented. The requirements for laser source and optics are described in some detail. Laser spot position detection is reviewed in the context of infrared range imaging with actual design examples and detailed calculations of signal-to-noise ratios. These calculations are useful in the early stage of a design. Experimental results show range images taken with the first prototype built at the Institute for Information Technology. A discussion on current developments concentrates on another prototype range camera intended for space applications. The current version of that prototype operates at 0.82 micrometers and can perform tasks in tracking mode at a refresh rate of 130 Hz (60 targets per second) or in imaging mode at a data rate of 18,000 registered 3-D and intensity points per second. The useful range is about 0.5 m to 10 m. For distances greater than 10 m, a time-of-flight unit along with a pulsed-laser source operating at 1.54 micrometers are included. The change of operating wavelength provides a system that is eye-safe and increases the signal to background light rejection for space applications.
Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors' Side Effects—Physiologic and Non‐Physiologic Considerations (2005)

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are increasingly recognized as having an important role in the treatment of hypertension and/or end‐organ disease. The sheer number of ACE inhibitors in the United States—now numbering 10 different chemical entities—has created a sense of comfort with these compounds, which is particularly evident when these compounds are used in the patient with essential hypertension; conversely, when comorbid conditions are present in the ACE inhibitor‐treated patient, circumstances change and physician vigilance becomes more of a necessity. ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with either cardiac and/or renal disease is as much an art as it is a science, and even in the most skilled hands can prove a challenging undertaking. This review discusses the physiologic and non‐physiologic basis for side effects with ACE inhibition.
Clinical Pharmacology of Multiple Doses of Lasofoxifene in Postmenopausal Women (2006)

Lasofoxifene, a next-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator, is undergoing phase 3 clinical development for osteoporosis. This study evaluated daily lasofoxifene for 14 days in healthy postmenopausal women. A loading dose of 5 times the daily dose was followed by daily doses of 0.01 mg (n = 8), 0.03 mg (n =8), 0.1 mg(n = 16), 0.3 mg (n =9), 1 mg (n = 8), or placebo (n = 16). Samples were collected for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments. Lasofoxifene was well tolerated; study drug-associated adverse events were mild and unrelated to dose. There was a predictable increase in plasma concentrations of lasofoxifene with dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters included mean half-life of 165 hours, mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 24 hours ranging from 1.67 ng x h/mL to 137 ng x h/mL, and mean maximum observed plasma concentration ranging from 0.09 ng/mL to 6.43 ng/mL. Lasofoxifene partially suppressed luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, low-density lipoprotein, and N-telopeptide.
Antidiuretic and Growth Hormone Responses during Coronary Artery Surgery with Sufentanil-Oxygen and Alfentanil-Oxygen Anesthesia in Man (1982)

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), growth hormone (GH), and cardiovascular responses to large (anesthetic) doses of alfentanil (1.2 +/- 0.02 mg/kg) and oxygen and sufentanil (13.1 +/- 0.4 microgram/kg) and oxygen were measured before and during surgery (including cardiopulmonary bypass) and at the end of surgery in 29 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. The data demonstrate that alfentanil-O2 and sufentanil-O2 result in little change in cardiovascular dynamics throughout anesthesia and surgery, and also prevent changes in plasma levels of ADH and GH at all times during the study. Our findings contrast with previous studies with other anesthetics, including fentanyl, in which plasma levels of ADH and GH become markedly elevated during bypass. The results suggest that alfentanil and sufentanil may block hormonal stress responses to surgical stimulus better than fentanyl does. The clinical significance of the difference in ADH and GH responses during fentanyl and during alfentanil or sulfentanil anesthesia remains to be determined. However, this difference may provide part of the explanation why alfentanil and sufentanil-O2 anesthesia require less frequent employment of other anesthetic adjuvants and are easier to use than fentanyl during coronary artery surgery.
Non-negative Matrix Factorization on Manifold (2008)

Recently non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has received a lot of attentions in information retrieval, computer vision and pattern recognition. NMF aims to find two non-negative matrices whose product can well approximate the original matrix. The sizes of these two matrices are usually smaller than the original matrix. This results in a compressed version of the original data matrix. The solution of NMF yields a natural parts-based representation for the data. When NMF is applied for data representation, a major disadvantage is that it fails to consider the geometric structure in the data. In this paper, we develop a graph based approach for parts-based data representation in order to overcome this limitation. We construct an affinity graph to encode the geometrical information and seek a matrix factorization which respects the graph structure. We demonstrate the success of this novel algorithm by applying it on real world problems.
Evidence that leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 is involved in recirculation and homing of human lymphocytes via high endothelial venules. (1988)

We report the results of mAb inhibition studies of human lymphocyte-high endothelial venule interaction in vitro. These studies in which T cells from both normal donors and from a LFA-1-deficient patient were used indicate that in addition to a system of organ-specific 90-kDa "homing" receptors on lymphocytes, LFA-1 is also involved in lymphocyte recirculation and homing.
Tetrathiafulvalenes, Oligoacenenes, and Their Buckminsterfullerene Derivatives:  The Brick and Mortar of Organic Electronics (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetrathiafulvalenes, Oligoacenenes, and Their Buckminsterfullerene Derivatives: The Brick and Mortar of Organic ElectronicsMichael Bendikov, Fred Wudl, and Dmitrii F. PerepichkaView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Exotic Materials Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Blvd. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 11, 4891–4946Publication Date (Web):October 26, 2004Publication History Received17 May 2004Published online26 October 2004Published inissue 1 November 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr030666mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr030666mresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15471Altmetric-Citations1575LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Molecules,Reaction products,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
DOTA−d-Tyr1-Octreotate:  A Somatostatin Analogue for Labeling with Metal and Halogen Radionuclides for Cancer Imaging and Therapy (2002)

The goal of this study was to evaluate a somatostatin receptor ligand, DOTA-D-Tyr(1)-octreotate (DOTA-DY1-TATE), that has the chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N',N'',N'"-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) attached to the D-Tyr(1) residue, allowing radiolabeling with both radiohalogens and radiometals. A potential advantage of having a chelator attached to the Tyr(1) residue is that halogen radiolabels may residualize or remain trapped in tumor cells rather than clear from the tumor. DOTA-DY1-TATE was synthesized by solid-phase methods and radiolabeled with (61)Cu, (64)Cu, and (125)I in high radiochemical purity and specific activity. A competitive binding assay demonstrated that (nat)Cu-DOTA-DY1-TATE and DOTA-(nat)I-DY1-TATE had comparable affinity to (nat)In-DTPA-OC in AR42J rat pancreatic tumor cells membranes. (61)Cu-DOTA-DY1-TATE had a dissociation constant (K(d)) of 176.4 pM and a receptor concentration (B(max)) of 244.4 fmol/mg. A tumor uptake of 1.515 %ID/g was determined for (64)Cu-DOTA-DY1-TATE and 0.814 %ID/g for DOTA-(125)I-DY1-TATE in AR42J tumor bearing Lewis rats at 1 h postinjection. DOTA-(125)I-DY1-TATE remained in the tumor at a higher concentration out to 4 h postinjection, suggesting that the iodine may have residualized in the tumor cells. MicroPET imaging of (64)Cu-DOTA-DY1-TATE in AR42J tumor bearing rats and SCID mice at 2 h postinjection showed significant uptake and good contrast in the thigh tumors in the rat model and in the neck and thigh tumors of the mouse. This study demonstrates that DOTA-DY1-TATE is a somatostatin analogue that can be labeled with both metal and halogen radionuclides, and its (64)Cu- and (125)I-radiolabeled compounds showed somatostatin receptor-mediated uptake in normal and tumor tissues.
The Development of New Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease (2010)

Existing treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) fail to address the underlying pathology of the disease; they merely provide short-lived symptomatic relief. Consequently, the progression of AD is unrelenting, leading to a continual decrease in cognitive abilities. Recent advances in understanding the genetic factors that predispose to AD, as well as in biomarker development, have brought with them the promise of earlier and more reliable diagnosis of this disease. As improvements continue to be made in these areas, the shortcomings of current AD treatments appear all the more acute because opportunities for early intervention are hindered by a lack of "curative" or even disease-modifying drugs. This State of the Art report reviews existing AD therapeutics and highlights recent progress made in the design and development of drugs that are aimed at disrupting AD disease progression by inhibition of the protein misfolding of β-amyloid (Aβ) into neurotoxic oligomeric aggregates.
Fluorinated Molecules in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases (2009)

The use of fluorinated molecules as drugs and imaging agents for CNS disorders has been studied extensively over the years. Incorporating a fluorine atom into the structure of a drug changes its physiochemical properties and can thereby lead to much more desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. This change can help to facilitate blood-brain barrier permeability, which is a critical matter for drugs intended for CNS activities. Fluorine incorporation into structures of drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has been an attractive field for drug discovery. Such incorporation can greatly influence the physicochemical properties, metabolic stability and receptor binding affinity of the resulting molecule. Some studies have shown that when a proton was substituted with fluorine, the binding or inhibitory potency was greatly increased. The fluorine-18 isotope, (18)F, is utilized in detection and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, whereas (19)F compounds are used in the treatment of these diseases and in MRI. (18)F is widely used in PET imaging because it offers the advantage of a longer half-life compared with other radionuclides. It is used for imaging various receptors and transporters that have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and multiple system atrophy. Fluorine plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of many CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. The use of fluorine in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, will be discussed in this review.
Point Systems and International Student Flows (2014)

This article is aimed to examining the impact of using point systems to select immigrant on the international student flows, by comparing the international student stock in a certain country before and after the policy change. The research indicates that using point systems in migration policy does increase the international student stock in the receiving countries.
Volatile Compounds Generated from Thermal Degradation of N-Acetylglucosamine (1998)

N-Acetylglucosamine was pyrolyzed at 200 °C for 30 min. Thermal degradation products were isolated and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The volatile compounds that were identified included pyrazines, pyridines, pyrroles, and furans. The compound 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran was found to be the major degradation product, with 2-acetylfuran, 3-acetamidofuran, pyrazine, pyridine, ethylpyrazine, methylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, 2,3-dimethylpyrazine, and acetamide in decreasing order. The compound 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran was isolated by preparative column chromatography, and its NMR spectrum was obtained to confirm its structure. Keywords: N-Acetylglucosamine; glucosamine; chitin; chitosan; acetamido; acetylfuran
Efficacy and Safety of Voriconazole in the Treatment of Acute Invasive Aspergillosis (2002)

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of voriconazole in acute invasive aspergillosis (IA), an open, noncomparative multicenter study was conducted. Immunocompromised patients with IA were treated with intravenously administered voriconazole 6 mg/kg twice a day (b.i.d.) twice and then 3 mg/kg b.i.d. for 6-27 days, followed by 200 mg b.i.d. administered orally for up to 24 weeks. Response was assessed by clinical and radiographic change. A total of 116 patients were assessable. IA was proven in 48 (41%) and probable in 68 patients. Voriconazole was given as primary therapy in 60 (52%). Good responses were seen in 56 (48%); 16 (14%) showed complete response and 40 (34%) partial response. A stable response was seen in 24 patients (21%), and 36 (31%) of the infections failed to respond to therapy. Good responses were seen in 60% of those with pulmonary or tracheobronchial IA (n=84), 16% with cerebral IA (n=19), 58% with hematologic disorders (n=67), and 26% of allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients (n=23). Voriconazole is efficacious in treating acute IA.
Alkylation-reduction of carbonyl systems. Part 14. Tandem alkylation-reduction. Highly stereoselective synthesis of (E)-1-hydroxymethyl methyl propenyl ethers from aldehydes using 1-lithio-1-methoxyallene (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation-reduction of carbonyl systems. Part 14. Tandem alkylation-reduction. Highly stereoselective synthesis of (E)-1-hydroxymethyl methyl propenyl ethers from aldehydes using 1-lithio-1-methoxyalleneFranz J. Weiberth and Stan S. HallCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 25, 5308–5314Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00225a061https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00225a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views715Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of Prognostic Health Management in Digital Electronic Systems (2007)

Development of robust prognostics for digital electronic system health management will improve device reliability and maintainability for many industries with products ranging from enterprise network servers to military aircraft. Techniques from a variety of disciplines is required to develop an effective, robust, and technically sound health management system for digital electronics. The presented technical approach integrates collaborative diagnostic and prognostic techniques from engineering disciplines including statistical reliability, damage accumulation modeling, physics of failure modeling, signal processing and feature extraction, and automated reasoning algorithms. These advanced prognostic/diagnostic algorithms utilize intelligent data fusion architectures to optimally combine sensor data with probabilistic component models to achieve the best decisions on the overall health of digital components and systems. A comprehensive component prognostic capability can be achieved by utilizing a combination of health monitoring data and model-based estimates used when no diagnostic indicators are present. Both board and component level minimally-invasive and purely internal data acquisition methods will be paired with model-based assessments to demonstrate this approach to digital component health state awareness.
MEGALIN- AND CUBILIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS OF PROTEIN-BOUND VITAMINS, LIPIDS, AND HORMONES IN POLARIZED EPITHELIA (2001)

Polarized epithelia have several functional and morphological similarities, including a high capacity for uptake of various substances present in the fluids facing the apical epithelial surfaces. Studies during the past decade have shown that receptor-mediated endocytosis, rather than nonspecific pinocytosis, accounts for the apical epithelial uptake of many carrier-bound nutrients and hormones. The two interacting receptors of distinct evolutionary origin, megalin and cubilin, are main receptors in this process. Both receptors are apically expressed in polarized epithelia, in which they function as biological affinity matrices for overlapping repertoires of ligands. The ability to bind multiple ligands is accounted for by a high number of replicated low-density lipoprotein receptor type-A repeats in megalin and CUB (complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and bone morphogenic protein-1) domains in cubilin. Here we summarize and discuss the structural, genetic, and functional aspects of megalin and cubilin, with emphasis on their function as receptors for uptake of protein-associated vitamins, lipids, and hormones.
Characterization of the Functional Insulin Binding Epitopes of the Full-length Insulin Receptor (2005)

Mutational analyses of the secreted recombinant insulin receptor extracellular domain have identified a ligand binding site composed of residues located in the L1 domain (amino acids 1-470) and at the C terminus of the alpha subunit (amino acids 705-715). To evaluate the physiological significance of this ligand binding site, we have transiently expressed cDNAs encoding full-length receptors with alanine mutations of the residues forming the functional epitopes of this binding site and determined their insulin binding properties. Insulin bound to wild-type receptors with complex kinetics, which were fitted to a two-component sequential model; the Kd of the high affinity component was 0.03 nM and that of the low affinity component was 0.4 nM. Mutations of Arg14, Phe64, Phe705, Glu706, Tyr708, Asn711, and Val715 inactivated the receptor. Alanine mutation of Asn15 resulted in a 20-fold decrease in affinity, whereas mutations of Asp12, Gln34, Leu36, Leu37, Leu87, Phe89, Tyr91, Lys121, Leu709, and Phe714 all resulted in 4-10-fold decreases. When the effects of the mutations were compared with those of the same mutations of the secreted recombinant receptor, significant differences were observed for Asn15, Leu37, Asp707, Leu709, Tyr708, Asn711, Phe714, and Val715, suggesting that the molecular basis for the interaction of each form of the receptor with insulin differs. We also examined the effects of alanine mutations of Asn15, Gln34, and Phe89 on insulin-induced receptor autophosphorylation. They had no effect on the maximal response to insulin but produced an increase in the EC50 commensurate with their effect on the affinity of the receptor for insulin.
Voltage‐clamp investigations of membrane currents underlying pace‐maker activity in rabbit sino‐atrial node. (1980)

1. Small preparations of spontaneously beating rabbit sino-atrial node have been investigated using the two micro-electrode voltage-clamp technique. 2. Hyperpolarizing clamp pulses given from holding potentials of about -45 mV reveal a time-dependent change of a membrane current, if, which is shown to overlap the pace-maker range (-65 mV to -45 mV) for these preparations. 3. The changes in if are shown to be quite distinct from the de-activation of the time-dependent outward current, iK. 4. The time-dependent changes of the if system increase during adrenaline application and therefore contribute to the chronotropic action of adrenaline on the heart. 5. Evidence for a link between slow inward current (iSi) and time-dependent outward current (iK) in rabbit sino-atrial node is presented and assessed.