gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrosynthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Methanol and Carbon Monoxide under Mild Conditions (2013)

Electrochemical carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in a self-fabricated two-compartment electrolytic cell was achieved using CuCl2–2,2′-bipyridyl as catalyst. The reaction mechanism was analyzed, and the influence factors such as supporting electrolyte, anode potential, and concentration of supporting electrolyte and CuCl2–2,2′-bipyridyl were evaluated. The proper conditions for the electrosynthesis of DMC were obtained, in which the content of DMC was 0.1279%, the current efficiency of DMC was 76.4%, and the amount of DMC was 0.3161 mmol. In the distilled anolyte after reaction no other species but CH3OH and DMC were found via gas chromatography.
Solid-State Kinetic Models:  Basics and Mathematical Fundamentals (2006)

Many solid-state kinetic models have been developed in the past century. Some models were based on mechanistic grounds while others lacked theoretical justification and some were theoretically incorrect. Models currently used in solid-state kinetic studies are classified according to their mechanistic basis as nucleation, geometrical contraction, diffusion, and reaction order. This work summarizes commonly employed models and presents their mathematical development.
Dipole Assisted Photogated Switch in Spiropyran Grafted Polyaniline Nanowires (2011)

In this work we show dipole-assisted photogated switching by covalent grafting of photoactive molecules to conducting polymers. Photochromic spiropyran molecules were covalently attached to polyaniline (PANI) nanowires via N-alkylation reaction to the quinoic part of PANI. Upon irradiation with ultraviolet light spiropyran transformed to a large dipole containing molecule, merocyanine form. We show that this transformation leads to a substantial (ca. 2 orders of magnitude) increase in conductance of the photochromic PANI nanowires, which were evident by an increase in field-effect mobility and calculated band gap narrowing of the system. Finally, this transformation was found to be fully reversible with no significant photofatigue.
MHC-UNRESTRICTED MUC1-SPECIFIC T CELL RECEPTOR FOR CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY/GENE THERAPY (2003)

MUC1 glycoprotein is overexpressed on the surface of a variety of epithelial tumors and has been under investigation as a target for immunotherapy. A number of cytotoxic lymphocyte clones were generated in our laboratory from breast and pancreatic cancer patients that recognized MUC1 on the surface of tumor cells in a TCR-mediated MHC-unrestricted manner. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility, efficacy and safety of using MHC-unrestricted MUC1-specific T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer as a tool for cancer immunotherapy. The TCR £ and £] chains were cloned from one MHC-unrestricted MUC1-specific CTL clone (MA). Various configurations of chimeric TCRs were constructed and were expressed on the surface of a variety of cell lines in vitro. The TCR-deficient T cell line, Jurkat JRT3.5, transfected with the TCR £ and £] chains from MA CTL clone fluxed calcium in response to stimulation by a MUC1+ pancreatic human tumor, HPAF. BWZ murine thymoma cells transfected with a single-chain TCR (scTCR) consisting of the TCR extracellular domain and the CD3 ƒê signaling domain) were triggered to secrete IL-2 in response to stimulation with different MUC1+ tumor cells. The tumor recognition and rejection functions of this scTCR were tested in vivo when SCID mice were reconstituted with bone marrow (BM) cells transduced with scTCR-MFG retroviral supernatant and challenged with HPAF tumor cells. Tumor growth in mice reconstituted with scTCR-transduced BM cells was significantly slower (P<0.05) than that seen in the control group. Tumor sections from TCR-reconstituted mice were infiltrated by neutrophils and macrophages, and to lesser extent, by NK cells. FACS analyses showed that BM cells transduced with scTCR-MFG could differentiate in vivo into multiple immune lineages including T cells, B cells, granulocytes, monocytes and NK cells that express the scTCR. The scTCR was expressed on higher percentages of cells of the innate immune system when compared to T and B cells. Human MUC1 transgenic (Tg.) mice reconstituted with BM cells transduced with this MUC1-specific TCR did not show any signs of autoimmunity, abnormal cellular infiltration or destruction of MUC1-expressing tissues. Transduction of BM with tumor-specific TCR represents a potentially efficacious gene therapy/immunotherapy approach. MUC1-specific MHC-unrestricted TCR will make this treatment applicable to all cancer patients with MUC1+ tumors, regardless of their HLA type.
Antitumor activity of an immunocytokine composed of an anti-GD2 antibody and the IL-15 superagonist RLI (2013)

The use of interleukin (IL)-15 or the IL-15 superagonist RLI as immunological adjuvants presents many advantages over that of IL-2, including a reduced toxicity and an improved efficacy. We have generated an immunocytokine that specifically targets RLI to a tumor-associated antigen, namely, disialoganglioside GD2. This agent displayed robust antitumor activity in 2 syngeneic murine models of malignant disease.
GPU-accelerated real-time 3D tracking for humanoid locomotion and stair climbing (2007)

For humanoid robots to fully realize their biped potential in a three-dimensional world and step over, around or onto obstacles such as stairs, appropriate and efficient approaches to execution, planning and perception are required. To this end, we have accelerated a robust model-based three-dimensional tracking system by programmable graphics hardware to operate online at frame-rate during locomotion of a humanoid robot. The tracker recovers the full 6 degree-of- freedom pose of viewable objects relative to the robot. Leveraging the computational resources of the GPU for perception has enabled us to increase our tracker's robustness to the significant camera displacement and camera shake typically encountered during humanoid navigation. We have combined our approach with a footstep planner and a controller capable of adaptively adjusting the height of swing leg trajectories. The resulting integrated perception-planning-action system has allowed an HRP-2 humanoid robot to successfully and rapidly localize, approach and climb stairs, as well as to avoid obstacles during walking.
Highly Sensitive Thermoluminescent Anion-Defect Alpha-Al2O3:C Single Crystal Detectors (1990)

Journal Article Highly Sensitive Thermoluminescent Anion-Defect Alpha-Al2O3:C Single Crystal Detectors Get access M.S. Akselrod, M.S. Akselrod Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V.S. Kortov, V.S. Kortov Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D.J. Kravetsky, D.J. Kravetsky Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V.I. Gotlib V.I. Gotlib Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 33, Issue 1-4, 1 October 1990, Pages 119–122, https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/33.1-4.119 Published: 01 October 1990
The Effect of Soiling on Large Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems in California and the Southwest Region of the United States (2006)

The accumulation of dirt on solar panels ("soiling") can have a significant impact on the performance of PV systems in regions where rainfall is limited for a dry season of several months. This effect is magnified where rainfall is absent in the peak-solar summer months, such as in California and the Southwest region of the United States. This paper describes the effects of soiling on energy production for large grid-connected systems in the US and presents a model for predicting soiling losses
Competing Methyltransferase Systems (1972)

Abstract Large differences between the transfer RNA methyl-transferase capacity of adult organs and their fetal counterparts, as well as between tumor tissues and normal tissues, have been observed. This is in part due to the presence of natural inhibitors of the tRNA methyltransferases in normal adult tissues. An inhibitory system present in the liver, kidney, and pancreas of adult rabbit and rat has been identified. The inhibitory effect of extracts of these organs on the tRNA methyltransferases is due to the presence of an enzyme which methylates glycine to yield sarcosine and S-adenosylhomocysteine (S-adenosylmethionine: glycine N-methyltransferase). The glycine methyltransferase not only competes with the tRNA methyltransferases for the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine but its product S-adenosylhomocysteine is a potent inhibitor of the tRNA methyltransferases and a relatively weak inhibitor of the glycine methyltransferase. The glycine methyltransferase is found only in those organs where elevated levels of S-adenosylmethionine-synthesizing enzyme have been observed. It is present at either very low levels or not at all in fetal organs and several tumor tissues. It is postulated that the glycine methyltransferase serves a role in regulating the relative levels of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine, thus exerting some control over those methyltransferases whose activity is more sensitive to the action of S-adenosylhomocysteine.
China’s Employment Discrimination Laws during Economic Transition (2019)

While working as a consultant to the World Bank on China’s labor legislation in 1996, I was waiting outside the gate of the Ministry of Labor, when I noticed a job advertisement posted on a pole. It read, Seeking an office clerk. Female, decent height and appearance. All five facial organs must be in the right place (wu guan duan zheng). In 2005, job advertisements with identical facial requirements are widely seen. That, of course, is but one frank articulation of what many employers around the world take note of in the employment hiring process. Other factors in considering applicants and employees in China may include sex, ethnicity, social origin, health, disability, age, or migrant status, some of which are considerations prohibited by Chinese labor laws. This article describes the current status of the above factors as used in human resource management (HRM) practices during China’s current economic transition, and further examines China’s existing anti- discrimination labor legislation. Some comparative references are made to labor standards under International Labor Organization (ILO) Conventions and U.S. legislative approaches. This article further suggests areas for legal reform to both clarify coverage and enhance enforcement and remedies, which would in turn arrest some of the more pernicious illegal hiring and employment practices currently found in China’s HRM.
Enthalpy-entropy compensation and heat capacity changes for protein-ligand interactions: general thermodynamic models and data for the binding of nucleotides to ribonuclease A (1983)

General thermodynamic models are presented that can account for the existence of heat capacity changes and compensation between the enthalpy and entropy changes in protein-ligand interactions. The models involve the coupling between some type of transition in the state of the protein (or ligand) and the binding process. The coupled transition may be a proton dissociation, the binding of a second ligand, a change in the degree of aggregation, or a conformational change in either the protein or ligand. Both mandatory coupling and nonmandatory coupling between the binding process and the transition are considered. The model is also extended to include a multistate transition of the protein. Computer simulations show that apparently linear compensation plots (plots of delta H degrees vs. delta S degrees) with a slope approximately equal to the experimental temperature are to be expected for the binding of a ligand to a protein when such coupled reactions exist. Also heat capacity changes, which may be either positive or negative, are to be expected to accompany the reaction. Experimental thermodynamic data for the binding of cytidine 3'-phosphate to ribonuclease A are presented. These data demonstrate apparent enthalpy-entropy compensation when pH and ionic strength are varied. A negative heat capacity change, ranging from -145 (at mu = 1.0 M) to -225 cal/(mol X deg) (at mu = 0.05 M), is also observed for this protein-ligand interaction. The apparent compensation and heat capacity change data are interpreted according to the models presented.
Applications of virtual reality for visually impaired people (2010)

This paper describes in detail the development and applications of a Virtual Reality Simulator for Visually Impaired People. It makes an auditory representation of the virtual environment, rendering the virtual world entirely the hearing. The simulator has these main purposes: validation of auditory representation techniques, 3d sensor emulation for environment recognition and hardware integration, training of visually impaired users with these new auditory representation, and acoustic perception experiments aimed to improve the auditory rendering.

The interaction with the simulator is made by a 3d tracking system to locate user's head orientation and position. This means the user interaction is as natural as possible, all performed by just walking through the environment, and at the same time, the user perceives the environment acoustic information.
Stromelysin 3 belongs to a subgroup of proteinases expressed in breast carcinoma fibroblastic cells and possibly implicated in tumor progression. (1993)

The expression of the stromelysin 3 (ST3) gene, which encodes a putative matrix metalloproteinase, was studied during breast cancer progression. The ST3 gene is expressed in all invasive breast carcinomas, in a number of their metastases, and in some in situ carcinomas where the probability of detecting ST3 transcripts correlates with the known risk of these carcinomas to become invasive. ST3 RNA and protein were specifically detected in fibroblastic cells immediately surrounding the neoplastic cells in both primary and metastatic tumors. This expression pattern distinguishes the ST3 gene from other matrix metalloproteinase genes, most notably from the 72-kDa type IV collagenase gene, which can be expressed in fibroblastic cells distributed throughout the stroma of primary breast carcinomas. Furthermore, high levels of 72-kDa type IV collagenase, but not of ST3 transcripts, are detected in benign breast fibroadenomas. Interestingly, the urokinase and ST3 genes exhibit very similar patterns of expression in breast carcinomas, which suggests that their products may cooperate during cancer progression.
Converging pathways lead to overproduction of IL-17 in the absence of vitamin D signaling (2011)

Multiple pathways converge to result in the overexpression of Th17 cells in the absence of either vitamin D or the vitamin D receptor (VDR). CD4+ T cells from VDR knockout (KO) mice have a more activated phenotype than their wild-type (WT) counterparts and readily develop into Th17 cells under a variety of in vitro conditions. Vitamin D-deficient CD4+ T cells also overproduced IL-17 in vitro and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited the development of Th17 cells in CD4+ T-cell cultures. Conversely, the induction of inducible (i) Tregs was lower in VDR KO CD4+ T cells than WT and the VDR KO iTregs were refractory to IL-6 inhibition. Host-specific effects of the VDR were evident on in vivo development of naive T cells. Development of naive WT CD4+ T cells in the VDR KO host resulted in the overexpression of IL-17 and more severe experimental inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The increased expression of Th17 cells in the VDR KO mice was associated with a reduction in tolerogenic CD103+ dendritic cells. The data collectively demonstrate that Th17 and iTreg cells are direct and indirect targets of vitamin D. The increased propensity for development of Th17 cells in the VDR KO host results in more severe IBD.
Rituximab Infusion Promotes Rapid Complement Depletion and Acute CD20 Loss in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2004)

Complement plays an important role in the immunotherapeutic action of the anti-CD20 mAb rituximab, and therefore we investigated whether complement might be the limiting factor in rituximab therapy. Our in vitro studies indicate that at high cell densities, binding of rituximab to human CD20(+) cells leads to loss of complement activity and consumption of component C2. Infusion of rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients also depletes complement; sera of treated patients have reduced capacity to C3b opsonize and kill CD20(+) cells unless supplemented with normal serum or component C2. Initiation of rituximab infusion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients leads to rapid clearance of CD20(+) cells. However, substantial numbers of B cells, with significantly reduced levels of CD20, return to the bloodstream immediately after rituximab infusion. In addition, a mAb specific for the Fc region of rituximab does not bind to these recirculating cells, suggesting that the rituximab-opsonized cells were temporarily sequestered by the mononuclear phagocytic system, and then released back into the circulation after the rituximab-CD20 complexes were removed by phagocytic cells. Western blots provide additional evidence for this escape mechanism that appears to occur as a consequence of CD20 loss. Treatment paradigms to prevent this escape, such as use of engineered or alternative anti-CD20 mAbs, may allow for more effective immunotherapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
APD2: the updated antimicrobial peptide database and its application in peptide design (2008)

The antimicrobial peptide database (APD, http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.php) has been updated and expanded. It now hosts 1228 entries with 65 anticancer, 76 antiviral (53 anti-HIV), 327 antifungal and 944 antibacterial peptides. The second version of our database (APD2) allows users to search peptide families (e.g. bacteriocins, cyclotides, or defensins), peptide sources (e.g. fish, frogs or chicken), post-translationally modified peptides (e.g. amidation, oxidation, lipidation, glycosylation or d-amino acids), and peptide binding targets (e.g. membranes, proteins, DNA/RNA, LPS or sugars). Statistical analyses reveal that the frequently used amino acid residues (>10%) are Ala and Gly in bacterial peptides, Cys and Gly in plant peptides, Ala, Gly and Lys in insect peptides, and Leu, Ala, Gly and Lys in amphibian peptides. Using frequently occurring residues, we demonstrate database-aided peptide design in different ways. Among the three peptides designed, GLK-19 showed a higher activity against Escherichia coli than human LL-37.
Preparation and optical properties of sol-gel derived ZnSe crystallites doped in glass films (1994)

Borosilicate glass films nominally containing up to 40 wt% ZnSe semiconductor crystallites have been successfully prepared on silica glass substrates by the sol-gel process. The influence of heat treatment on optical absorption, emission, and excitation properties was studied. On heating the films at temperatures from 500 to 750 °C in a hydrogen atmosphere, small ZnSe crystallites with an energy gap varying from 2.93 to 2.63 eV are formed, giving a strong emission with a peak ranging from 540 to 630 nm that is attributed to Se-vacancy defects of the crystallites. The redshift of the emission peak, with respect to the energy gap, is independent of particle size, remaining at around 0.65 eV. The size of the crystallites is estimated to range from 2.8 to 9.5 nm.
Myeloid progenitors differentiate into microglia and promote vascular repair in a model of ischemic retinopathy (2006)

Vision loss associated with ischemic diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy are often due to retinal neovascularization. While significant progress has been made in the development of compounds useful for the treatment of abnormal vascular permeability and proliferation, such therapies do not address the underlying hypoxia that stimulates the observed vascular growth. Using a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, we demonstrate that a population of adult BM-derived myeloid progenitor cells migrated to avascular regions of the retina, differentiated into microglia, and facilitated normalization of the vasculature. Myeloid-specific hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression was required for this function, and we also demonstrate that endogenous microglia participated in retinal vascularization. These findings suggest what we believe to be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of ischemic retinopathies that promotes vascular repair rather than destruction.
Assessing inhibitors of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase using a suite of pre-clinical discovery assays (2017)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are key metabolic enzymes that are mutated in a variety of cancers to confer a gain-of-function activity resulting in the accumulation of an oncometabolite, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Accumulation of 2-HG can result in epigenetic dysregulation and a block in cellular differentiation, suggesting these mutations play a role in neoplasia. Based on its potential as a cancer target, a number of small molecule inhibitors have been developed to specifically inhibit mutant forms of IDH (mIDH1 and mIDH2). We present a comprehensive suite of in vitro preclinical drug development assays that can be used as a tool-box to identify lead compounds for mIDH drug discovery programs, as well as what we believe is the most comprehensive publically available dataset on the top mIDH inhibitors. This involved biochemical, cell-based, and tier-one ADME techniques.
Myelin basic protein, MHC restriction molecules and T cell repertoire. (1990)

Our laboratory has developed a broad base of information in rats and mice describing the properties of encephalitogenic T cells. Using the T cell line selection technique to identify dominant T cell specificities, we were the first to identify new encephalitogenic epitopes and MHC restriction molecules in the Lewis rat and the SJL mouse. Furthermore, using the soft agar technique, we have isolated encephalitogenic Lewis rat T cell clones specific for defined synthetic epitopes of BP. With our colleagues, we have identified and sequenced the V region genes, and deduced the amino acid sequence of proteins which these clones use preferentially in their T cell receptor. Furthermore, we have successfully induced protection against EAE by the lymphocyte vaccination approach, using attenuated encephalitogenic T cells as the vaccine. Using this information, we have made significant progress in characterizing and understanding human T lymphocyte responses to BP. Recent results indicate that MBP reactivity is more frequent in MS patients than in controls, suggesting a greater degree of sensitization, and a potential involvement of BP as a target antigen. Since human BP responses also appear to be directed at immunodominant epitopes (as we have observed in rodents), it is probable that human T cells will also use preferential combinations of T cell receptor V genes. The ability to induce specific regulation or removal of autoreactive T cells will allow for the first time an assessment of cause and effect in human diseases. Immunoregulation directed at the TCR polypeptides may allow selective suppression of encephalitogenic clones, and may have direct application in human diseases such as MS, or in other autoimmune situations where preferential TCR V gene usage can be identified.