gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combinations of isoprinosine and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine in lymphocytes infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1988)

Since clinical trials are being planned with the immunomodulating drug isoprinosine combined with the antiviral drug 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex, it is important to determine the type of antiviral interaction produced by these drugs in vitro. Such a combined modality may not only produce enhanced antiviral effects but also may have a valuable immunorestorative action. The interaction of several ratios of AZT and isoprinosine on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined by reverse transcriptase assay of disrupted virus obtained from supernatants of cells that were exposed to virus and the drugs separately and in combination and by a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p24 enzyme immunoassay of the same supernatants. The correlation between the reverse transcriptase and enzyme immunoassay data was high. The antiviral activity of AZT alone was neither diminished nor augmented when AZT was used in combination with isoprinosine. Isoprinosine did not enhance virus yield when used alone or in combination with AZT in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, nor did it affect the growth of uninfected cells. The in vitro results indicate that this combination did not decrease the efficacy of AZT or exacerbate virus replication.
The influence of fiber surface modification on the mechanical properties of coir‐polyester composites (2001)

Abstract Coir, an important lignocellulosic fiber, can be incorporated in polymers like unsaturated polyester in different ways for achieving desired properties and texture. But its high level of moisture absorption, poor wettability and insufficient adhesion between untreated fiber and the polymer matrix lead to debonding with age. In order to improve the above qualities, adequate surface modification is required. In our present work, fiber surface modification was effected through dewaxing, alkali (5%) treatment, aqueous graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto 5% alkali treated coir for different extents using CuSO 4 – NaIO 4 combination as an initiator system and cyanoexhylation with a view to improve the mechanical performance of coir‐polyester composites. Mechanical properties like tensile strength (PS), flexural strength (ES) and impact strength (IS) of the composites as a function of fiber loading and fiber surface modification have been evaluated. Composites containing z5 wt% of fiber (untreated) improved tensile and flexural strength by 30% and 27% respectively in comparison to neat polyester. The work of fracture (impact strength) of the composite with 25 wt% fiber content was found to be 967 J/m. The elongation at break of the composites exhibits an increase with the introduction of fiber, All types of surface modification result In improved mechanical properties of the composites. Significant improvement in mechanical strength was also observed for composites prepared from 5% PMMA grafted fiber.
Molecular mimicry in Candida albicans. Role of an integrin analogue in adhesion of the yeast to human endothelium. (1991)

Hematogenous infection with the yeast Candida albicans now occurs with increasing frequency in the neonate, the immunocompromised patient, and the hyperglycemic or hyperalimented host. Yeast-phase C. albicans expresses a protein that is antigenically and structurally related to CD11b/CD18, a member of the beta 2 integrins and a well-characterized adhesin for mammalian neutrophils. Both the neutrophil protein and its analogue in C. albicans have an identical affinity for the C3 ligand iC3b, and both proteins are significantly increased in expression at 37 degrees C. Given these several similarities, we therefore studied the role of the integrin analogue on C. albicans in the adhesion of the yeast to human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVE). After growth of C. albicans in 20 mM D-glucose, as opposed to 20 mM L-glutamate, flow cytometric analysis with monoclonal antibodies recognizing the alpha-subunit of CD11b/CD18 demonstrated a 25.0% increase in mean channel fluorescence (range 18.4-31.8%), as well as an increased percentage of yeasts fluorescing (P less than 0.02). This increased intensity of fluorescence, which corresponds to increased expression of the integrin analogue, also correlated with a significant increase of 30-80% in adhesion of glucose-grown C. albicans to HUVE (P less than 0.02). Blockade of the integrin analogue on C. albicans by monoclonal antibodies recognizing adhesive epitopes on neutrophil CD11b/CD18 inhibited glucose-enhanced adhesion of C. albicans to HUVE. Incubation of glucose-grown C. albicans with saturating concentrations of purified human iC3b, the ligand for CD11b/CD18, reduced adhesion of the yeast to HUVE by 49.7%, whereas BSA in equimolar concentration had no effect (P less than 0.001). These results identify a glucose-responsive integrin analogue on C. albicans as one of possibly several cellular structures that mediate adhesion of the yeast to human endothelium.
The WASA2 object-oriented workflow management system (1999)

article The WASA2 object-oriented workflow management system Share on Authors: Gottfried Vossen University of Münster, Germany University of Münster, GermanyView Profile , Mathias Weske University of Münster, Germany University of Münster, GermanyView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMOD RecordVolume 28Issue 2June 1999 pp 587–589https://doi.org/10.1145/304181.304586Online:01 June 1999Publication History 24citation957DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations24Total Downloads957Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Encapsulation of parallelism in the Volcano query processing system (1990)

Volcano is a new dataflow query processing system we have developed for database systems research and education. The uniform interface between operators makes Volcano extensible by new operators. All operators are designed and coded as if they were meant for a single-process system only. When attempting to parallelize Volcano, we had to choose between two models of parallelization, called here the bracket and operator models. We describe the reasons for not choosing the bracket model, introduce the novel operator model, and provide details of Volcano's exchange operator that parallelizes all other operators. It allows intra-operator parallelism on partitioned datasets and both vertical and horizontal inter-operator parallelism. The exchange operator encapsulates all parallelism issues and therefore makes implementation of parallel database algorithms significantly easier and more robust. Included in this encapsulation is the translation between demand-driven dataflow within processes and data-driven dataflow between processes. Since the interface between Volcano operators is similar to the one used in “real,” commercial systems, the techniques described here can be used to parallelize other query processing engines.
Organ Preservation without Extreme Hypothermia Using an Oxygent™ Supplemented Perfusate (1994)

All methods of organ preservation depend upon hypothermia to depress metabolism during storage. Yet, hypothermia may represent the rate-limiting factor in organ preservation. A new perfusate has been developed which supports organ preservation without extreme hypothermia. The perfusate consists of a complex fluid supplemented with an oxygen carrying perfluorocarbon emulsion, Oxygent (Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp,). The perfusate was used to preserve canine kidney autografts using pulsatile preservation at 32 degrees C and static storage at 25 degrees C. Upon autografting the dogs produced urine within minutes of reperfusion. These results indicate the new perfusate may have significant potential in organ preservation without extreme hypothermia.
Some Biological Activities of Malaysian Leech Saliva Extract (2011)

Leeches were fed on the phagostimulatory solution through parafilm membrane. The satiated leeches were forced to regurgitate the solution by soaking them in an ice-container. The anticoagulant activity was ascertained using thrombin time assay (TT). The result revealed that the saliva concentration which increases TT by 100% (IC100) is 43.205µg/ml plasma. The antimicrobial activity of the saliva was tested against several bacterial spp. (E.coli, P.aeruginosa, B.cereus, Sal.typhi and S.aureus) and fungi spp. (C.albicans and C.neoformans). It was found that saliva has an inhibition activity against Sal.typhi (minimal inhibitory concentration MIC 78.253µg/ml), S.aureus (MIC 78.253µg/ml) and E.coli (MIC 121.256µg/ml).ABSTRAK: Pacat-pacat diberi makan larutan phagostimulatory menerusi membran parafilem. Pacat-pacat yang kekenyangan itu dipaksa memuntahkan larutan tersebut dengan direndam di dalam bekas berisi ais. Aktiviti antigumpal ditentukan menggunakan cerakin masa trombin (TT). Keputusan menunjukkan kepekatan air liur pacat menyebabkan pertambahan TT sebanyak 100% (IC100) iaitu 43.205µg/ml plasma. Aktiviti antimikrob air liur telah diuji dengan pelbagai jenis bakteria (E.coli, P.aeruginosa, B.cereus, Sal.typhi dan S.aureus) dan pelbagai jenis kulat (C.albicans and C.neoformans). Didapati air liur menghasilkan aktiviti perencatan terhadap Sal.typhi (kepekatan perencat minima (Minimal inhibitory concentration - MIC) 78.253µg/ml), S.aureus (MIC 78.253µg/ml) dan E.coli (MIC 121.256µg/ml).
Protein Transduction Revisited: Novel Insights Into the Mechanism Underlying Intracellular Delivery of Proteins (2008)

Classical pharmaceutical research and development relies on the identification and validation of i) membrane-permeable small molecules or ii) extracellular targets that are able to interfere with cellular key signaling pathways. During the last two decades the direct intracellular delivery of macromolecules developed into a novel paradigm to manipulate cell functions. This technique, commonly referred to as protein transduction, is based on the ability of certain peptides, designated as cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), to cross the cell membrane and deliver cargos such as peptides and proteins. Although protein transduction has been widely applied the process of cellular uptake remains poorly understood and therapeutic applications are rare thus far. The mechanism by which CPP-modified proteins adhere to, and cross the plasma membrane of cells as well as the subsequent intracellular trafficking is currently extensively investigated. While there is consent that CPP-cargos are internalized via endocytotic pathways the actual membrane translocation mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies indicate that CPP-cargo trapped in endosomal vesicles can be released into the cytosol by direct membrane perturbation or by retrograde delivery as demonstrated for various toxins. The present review seeks to outline the current state-of-the-art concerning the mechanism of protein transduction. A further mechanistic understanding will be critical to design transduction strategies that may open the door for cell-impermeable compounds to become intracellular effectors.
Regulatory peptides in Barrett's oesophagus (1985)

Barrett's epithelium refers to the presence of ectopic mucosal types in the squamous-lined oesophagus. Previous studies have documented argentaffin and argyrophil-positive cells as well as gastrin-like immunoreactivity in oesophageal tissue extracts from patients with Barrett's mucosa. In the present study, 125 oesophageal biopsies obtained under direct vision at endoscopy from 22 patients with Barrett's oesophagus were systematically studied using fluorescence and peroxidase antiperoxidase single and double-staining immunocytochemical methods employing highly specific antibodies to localize the following peptide-containing cell types in Barrett's mucosa: gastrin, somatostatin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, motilin, neurotensin and pancreatic glucagon. In addition, EC cells were localized using a cytochemical silver staining method. The results of this study indicate that EC cells and gastrin- and somatostatin-containing endocrine cells are detectable in Barrett's epithelium.
Dual-Targeted Extracellular Vesicles to Facilitate Combined Therapies for Neuroendocrine Cancer Treatment (2020)

Neuroendocrine (NE) cancers arise from cells within the neuroendocrine system. Chemotherapies and endoradiotherapy have been developed, but their clinical efficacy is limited. The objective of this study was to develop a dual-targeted extracellular vesicles (EV)-delivered combined therapies to treat NE cancer. Specifically, we produced EV in stirred-tank bioreactors and surface tagged both anti-somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR 2) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and anti-C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) mAb to generate mAbs-EV. Both live-cell confocal microscopy imaging and In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) imaging confirmed that mAbs-EV specifically targeted and accumulated in NE cancer cells and NE tumor xenografts. Then the highly potent natural cytotoxic marine compound verrucarin A (Ver-A) with IC<sub>50</sub> of 2.2-2.8 nM and microtubule polymerization inhibitor mertansine (DM1) with IC<sub>50</sub> of 3.1-4.2 nM were packed into mAbs-EV. The in vivo maximum tolerated dose study performed in non-tumor-bearing mice indicated minimal systemic toxicity of mAbs-EV-Ver-A/DM1. Finally, the in vivo anticancer efficacy study demonstrated that the SSTR2/CXCR4 dual-targeted EV-Ver-A/DM1 is more effective to inhibit NE tumor growth than the single targeting and single drug. The results from this study could expand the application of EV to targeting deliver the combined potent chemotherapies for cancer treatment.
Affinity labeling of the androgen receptor in rat prostate cytosol with 17.beta.-[(bromoacetyl)oxy]-5.alpha.-androstan-3-one (1984)

An androgen affinity label, 17 beta-[(bromoacetyl)-oxy]-5 alpha-androstan-3-one, has been synthesized in both radioactive and nonradioactive forms. The affinity label (170 Ci/mmol) was characterized and found to have a high degree of purity. Affinity labeling of the androgen receptor from rat ventral prostate was androgen specific and appeared to be directed at the steroid binding site of the protein. Covalent binding was achieved at 0 degrees C; however, heat treatment at 23 degrees C for 30 min enhanced covalent binding by 31%. The covalently bound steroid was resistant to extraction with organic solvents and precipitation with trichloracetate. The Stokes radius (4.2 nm) and sedimentation coefficient (4.5 S) were identical with those found for receptor bound noncovalently to dihydrotestosterone. Gel electrophoresis of the affinity-labeled receptor under denaturing conditions revealed a molecular weight of 86000. The same molecular weight was observed for the receptor from rat seminal vesicle. This affinity label will be useful in future studies on the structure and function of androgen receptors.
Combining radioimmunotherapy and chemotherapy for treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (2001)

Abstract BACKGROUND To enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), we evaluated the effect of combining radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) with 90 Y‐anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody MN‐14 and chemotherapy in nude mice bearing human MTC xenografts. A preliminary study evaluated doxorubicin, dacarbazine (DTIC), cyclophosphamide, and vincristine, singly and in combination, for their effect on the growth of MTC xenografts (TT) in nude mice. Given individually, DTIC yielded the most effective tumor growth inhibition, delaying the mean time to doubling from 1 week for untreated tumor‐bearing mice to 7.5 weeks. Administering either the 4 drugs in combination or a 2‐drug combination comprised of doxorubicin and DTIC significantly improved the efficacy compared with any single drug alone, increasing the mean doubling time to 10–12 weeks. METHODS Drug doses were selected to conform to the doses of each drug given clinically. For the combined modality therapy, administration of 90 Y‐labeled anti‐CEA monoclonal antibody MN‐14 to nude mice bearing established TT tumors was followed by various chemotherapy regimens initiated 24 hours after RAIT. Chemotherapy protocols combined with RAIT included doxorubicin or DTIC alone and in combination, and the doxorubicin, DTIC, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine 4‐drug protocol. Tumor volumes were measured weekly, and toxicity was evaluated by measuring blood counts and body weight. RESULTS Combinations of RAIT and chemotherapy with DTIC or RAIT and chemotherapy with the drug combinations were found to augment the antitumor effects of RAIT or chemotherapy alone, without a significant increase in toxicity. The mean tumor volume doubling times were increased up to 100% compared with the results of chemotherapy alone. No significant differences in tumor growth were observed between the RAIT plus DTIC protocol and the RAIT plus two‐ or four‐drug protocols. CONCLUSIONS The superiority of the combined modality treatment argues for the integration of RAIT into chemotherapeutic regimens for MTC treatment. Clinical trials are needed to assess these principles in MTC patients. Cancer 2002;94:51–61. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Nitric Oxide: A New Paradigm for Second Messengers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitric Oxide: A New Paradigm for Second MessengersJames F. Kerwin Jr., Jack R. Lancaster, and Paul L. FeldmanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 22, 4343–4362Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00022a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00022a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1057Altmetric-Citations476LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Ortho Effect Makes Manganese(III)Meso-Tetrakis(N-Methylpyridinium-2-yl)Porphyrin a Powerful and Potentially Useful Superoxide Dismutase Mimic (1998)

The ortho, meta, and para isomers of manganese(III) 5,10,15, 20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin, MnTM-2-PyP5+, MnTM-3-PyP5+, and MnTM-4-PyP5+, respectively, were analyzed in terms of their superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in vitro and in vivo. The impact of their interaction with DNA and RNA on the SOD activity in vivo and in vitro has also been analyzed. Differences in their behavior are due to the combined steric and electrostatic factors. In vitro catalytic activities are closely related to their redox potentials. The half-wave potentials (E1/2) are +0.220 mV, +0.052 mV, and +0.060 V versus normal hydrogen electrode, whereas the rates of dismutation (kcat) are 6.0 x 10(7), 4.1 x 10(6), and 3.8 x 10(6) M-1 s-1 for the ortho, meta, and para isomers, respectively. However, the in vitro activity is not a sufficient predictor of in vivo efficacy. The ortho and meta isomers, although of significantly different in vitro SOD activities, have fairly close in vivo SOD efficacy due to their similarly weak interactions with DNA. In contrast, due to a higher degree of interaction with DNA, the para isomer inhibited growth of SOD-deficient Escherichia coli.
CXCL5 polymorphisms are associated with variable blood pressure in cardiovascular disease-free adults (2012)

CXCL5 gene polymorphisms are functional and associated with variable blood pressure in CVD-free individuals. The role of CXCL5 as a hypertension- and CVD-susceptibility gene should be further explored.
A Retinoic Acid-Hedgehog Cascade Coordinates Mesoderm-Inducing Signals and Endoderm Competence during Lung Specification (2016)

Organogenesis of the trachea and lungs requires a complex series of mesoderm-endoderm interactions mediated by WNT, BMP, retinoic acid (RA), and hedgehog (Hh), but how these pathways interact in a gene regulatory network is less clear. Using Xenopus embryology, mouse genetics, and human ES cell cultures, we identified a conserved signaling cascade that initiates respiratory lineage specification. We show that RA has multiple roles; first RA pre-patterns the lateral plate mesoderm and then it promotes Hh ligand expression in the foregut endoderm. Hh subsequently signals back to the pre-patterned mesoderm to promote expression of the lung-inducing ligands Wnt2/2b and Bmp4. Finally, RA regulates the competence of the endoderm to activate the Nkx2-1+ respiratory program in response to these mesodermal WNT and BMP signals. These data provide insights into early lung development and a paradigm for how mesenchymal signals are coordinated with epithelial competence during organogenesis.
Antibodies against synthetic peptides of the B subunit of cholera toxin: crossreaction and neutralization of the toxin. (1983)

Six peptides corresponding to various segments of the B subunit of cholera toxin have been synthesized and covalently linked to tetanus toxoid. Of the antibodies raised in rabbits against these conjugates, four crossreacted to different extents with the intact B subunit and whole native cholera toxin. Antisera to the peptide of sequence 75-85 were not crossreactive, whereas elongation by six amino acid residues resulted in a peptide (69-85) leading to antibodies crossreactive with the cholera toxin. Of most interest was peptide CTP3 (50-64), which was the only one that reacted with antisera to cholera toxin and which led to antibodies reacting with the cholera toxin to a similar level as its homologous peptide-antipeptide reaction. Indeed, antisera to CTP3 neutralized significantly the biological activity of cholera toxin, as followed by skin vascular permeability and by fluid accumulation in ligated small intestinal loops of rabbits.
Recent improvements to IBM's speech recognition system for automatic transcription of broadcast news (1999)

We describe extensions and improvements to IBM's system for automatic transcription of broadcast news. The speech recognizer uses a total of 160 hours of acoustic training data, 80 hours more than for the system described in Chen et al. (1998). In addition to improvements obtained in 1997 we made a number of changes and algorithmic enhancements. Among these were changing the acoustic vocabulary, reducing the number of phonemes, insertion of short pauses, mixture models consisting of non-Gaussian components, pronunciation networks, factor analysis (FACILT) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC) applied to choosing the number of components in a Gaussian mixture model. The models were combined in a single system using NIST's script voting machine known as rover (Fiscus 1997).