gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of the staphylococcal slime-associated antigen and its occurrence among Staphylococcus epidermis clinical isolates (1996)

The Staphylococcus epidermidis slime-associated antigen (SAA) was purified and characterized. N-Acetyl-glucosamine accounted for 70% of the dry weight of SAA, which was immunolocalized on the ruthenium red-positive material produced by slime-positive strains. A total of 59% of slime-producing S. epidermidis clinical isolates expressed SAA, while the phenotype slime- SAA+ was never recovered.
Olivanic acid analogues. Part 6. Biomimetic synthesis of (±)-PS-5, (±)-6-Epi-PS-5, and (±)-benzyl MM22381 (1990)

Michael addition of thiols to 6-substituted azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylates, followed by reintroduction of the double bond with iodobenzene dichloride–pyridine under anhydrous conditions, provides a biomimetic strategy for the synthesis of 3-alkylthio-substituted olivanic acids (carbapenems) and their derivatives. This is illustrated by syntheses of representatives of the PS-5 and MM22381 series of antibacterial natural products.
Effects of monoclonal antibody therapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1984)

A phase I clinical trial was initiated to treat patients with stage IV B-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with the IgG2a murine monoclonal antibody T101. This antibody binds to a 65,000-mol wt (T65) antigen found on normal T lymphocytes, malignant T lymphocytes, and B-derived CLL cells. All of the patients had a histologically confirmed diagnosis of advanced B-derived CLL and were refractory to standard therapy, and more than 50% of their leukemia cells reacted with the T101 antibody in vitro. The patients received T101 antibody two times per week, over two to 50 hours by intravenous administration in 100 mL of normal saline containing 5% human albumin. Twelve patients were treated with a fixed dosage of 1, 10, 50, or 100 mg, and one patient was treated with 140 mg of antibody. It was demonstrated that patients given two-hour infusions of 50 mg developed pulmonary toxicity, with shortness of breath and chest tightness. This toxicity was eliminated when infusions of 50 or 100 mg of T101 were prolonged to 50 hours. All dose levels caused a rapid but transient decrease in circulating leukemia cell counts. In vivo binding to circulating and bone marrow leukemia cells was demonstrated at all dose levels with increased binding at higher dosages. Antimurine antibody responses were not demonstrated in any patients at any time during treatment. Circulating free murine antibody was demonstrated in the serum of only the two patients treated with 100 mg of antibody as a 50-hour infusion and the patient treated with 140 mg of antibody over 30 hours. Antigenic modulation was demonstrated in patients treated at all dose levels but was particularly apparent in patients treated with prolonged infusions of 50 and 100 mg of antibody. We were also able to demonstrate antigenic modulation in lymph node cells, which strongly suggests in vivo labeling of these cells. Overall, T101 antibody alone appears to have a very limited therapeutic value for patients with CLL. The observations of in vivo labeling of tumor cells, antigenic modulation, antibody pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and antimurine antibody formation may be used in the future for more effective therapy when drugs or toxins are conjugated to the antibody.
Optimization of 6,7-Disubstituted-4-(arylamino)quinoline-3-carbonitriles as Orally Active, Irreversible Inhibitors of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 Kinase Activity (2005)

A series of new 6,7-disubstituted-4-(arylamino)quinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives that function as irreversible inhibitors of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinases have been prepared. These compounds demonstrated enhanced activities for inhibiting HER-2 kinase and the growth of HER-2 positive cells compared to our EGFR kinase inhibitor 86 (EKB-569). Three synthetic routes were used to prepare these compounds. They were prepared mostly by acylation of 6-amino-4-(arylamino)quinoline-3-carbonitriles with unsaturated acid chlorides or by amination of 4-chloro-6-(crotonamido)quinoline-3-carbonitriles with monocyclic or bicyclic anilines. The third route was developed to prepare a key intermediate, 6-acetamido-4-chloroquinoline-3-carbonitrile, that involved a safer cyclization step. We show that attaching a large lipophilic group at the para position of the 4-(arylamino) ring results in improved potency for inhibiting HER-2 kinase. We also show the importance of a basic dialkylamino group at the end of the Michael acceptor for activity, due to intramolecular catalysis of the Michael addition. This, along with improved water solubility, resulted in compounds with enhanced biological properties. We present molecular modeling results consistent with the proposed mechanism of inhibition. Binding studies of one compound, 25o (C-14 radiolabeled), showed that it binds irreversibly to HER-2 protein in BT474 cells. Furthermore, it demonstrated excellent oral activity, especially in HER-2 overexpressing xenografts. Compound 25o (HKI-272) was selected for further studies and is currently in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of cancer.
Efficient Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Pyrene Arylamine Derivatives as Hole-Transporting Materials (2013)

A set of three N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine-substituted pyrene derivatives have successfully been synthesized and characterized by (1)H/(13)C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The optical and electronic structures of the pyrene derivatives were adjusted by controlling the ratio of N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine to pyrene, and investigated by UV/vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The pyrene derivatives were employed as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in fabricating mesoporous TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/HTMs/Au solar cells. The pyrene-based derivative Py-C exhibited a short-circuit current density of 20.2 mA/cm(2), an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.886 V, and a fill factor of 69.4% under an illumination of 1 sun (100 mW/cm(2)), resulting in an overall power conversion efficiency of 12.4%. The performance is comparable to that of the well-studied spiro-OMeTAD, even though the Voc is slightly lower. Thus, this newly synthesized pyrene derivative holds promise as a HTM for highly efficient perovskite-based solar cells.
Communication In The Presence Of Noise (1998)

A method is developed for representing any communication system geometrically. Messages and the corresponding signals are points in two function spaces, and the modulation process is a mapping of one space into the other. Using this representation, a number of results in communication theory are deduced concerning expansion and compression of bandwidth and the threshold effect. Formulas are found for the maximum rate of transmission of binary digits over a system when the signal is perturbed by various types of noise. Some of the properties of ideal systems which transmit at this maximum rate are discussed The equivalent number of binary digits per second for certain information sources is calculated.
The biological activity of the human epidermal growth factor receptor is positively regulated by its C-terminal tyrosines. (1991)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) C-terminus contains three conserved tyrosines (Y-1068, Y-1148, Y-1173) which are phosphorylated upon EGF activation. To clarify the functional role of these tyrosines, each has been mutated to phenylalanine and studied as single, double and triple mutants in the full length receptor. EGF-dependent transforming ability of the single point mutants is similar to that of the wild type, while that of double mutants is decreased and an even lower activity is present in the triple mutant. In each bioassay, including EGF-dependent focal transformation, growth in agar and growth in low serum, mutant receptors display a similar hierarchy of activity. The lower activity is intrinsic in the mutants since they are expressed at similar level as the wild type and bind EGF with similar affinity. Deletion mutants lacking the last 19 or 63 amino acids (Velu et al., 1989a) show a similar decline in biological activity when compared to the corresponding point mutants, although the reduction is more pronounced than with the point mutants. Deletion of the last 123 aa, which removes all three tyrosines (Dc123), results in a receptor that is almost inactive biologically. The EGF-R kinase activity is affected by tyrosine substitution since in vitro phosphorylation of exogenous substrates is reduced in the double and triple mutants. Autophosphorylation, in vivo and in vitro, is also reduced, but not totally abolished in the triple point mutant and Dc123 indicating the existence of other autophosphorylation sites. A new site of autophosphorylation is found in the Dc123 mutant. We conclude, therefore, that the tyrosines at the extreme C-terminus positively regulate the biological and transforming activity of the EGF-R, probably via autophosphorylation.
Lenalidomide Causes Selective Degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 in Multiple Myeloma Cells (2013)

Lenalidomide is a drug with clinical efficacy in multiple myeloma and other B cell neoplasms, but its mechanism of action is unknown. Using quantitative proteomics, we found that lenalidomide causes selective ubiquitination and degradation of two lymphoid transcription factors, IKZF1 and IKZF3, by the CRBN-CRL4 ubiquitin ligase. IKZF1 and IKZF3 are essential transcription factors in multiple myeloma. A single amino acid substitution of IKZF3 conferred resistance to lenalidomide-induced degradation and rescued lenalidomide-induced inhibition of cell growth. Similarly, we found that lenalidomide-induced interleukin-2 production in T cells is due to depletion of IKZF1 and IKZF3. These findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism of action for a therapeutic agent: alteration of the activity of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to selective degradation of specific targets.
The Nature of the Passive Film on Iron: III . The Chemi‐Conductor Model and Further Supporting Evidence (1982)

A new model, which describes the behavior of the passive film on iron more adequately than the usual semiconductor model, is presented. We define a chemi‐conductor as an insulator whose stoichiometry can be varied by oxidative and/or reductive valency state changes. These nonstoichiometries can then modify the local electronic (and/ or ionic) conductivity of the film. This is equivalent to variable doping with defects rather than with a foreign species. The passive film is pictured as an insulating ferric oxyhydroxide with a principal (O 2p‐Fe 4s) gap at ∼5.5 eV. Small (<5%) nonstoichiometries, primarily Fe2+ near the inner (metal‐film) interface and Fe4+ near the outer (film‐solution) interface, affect the local conductivity in the film. These defects, probably associated with excess (or deficient) protons, are modulated by the externally applied potential, mimicking semiconductor behavior.
A new RNase‐based immunoconjugate selectively cytotoxic for ErbB2‐overexpressing cells (2002)

We report a new tumor-directed immunoRNase, a chimeric protein made up of an antibody fragment (single-chain Fv fragment) directed to ErbB2, a cell surface receptor, and a non-toxic, human ribonuclease, which upon cell internalization becomes cytotoxic. The immunoRNase is active as a ribonuclease, specifically binds and selectively kills ErbB2-positive cells. ErbB2 is one of the most specific tumor-associated antigens identified so far, overexpressed on tumor cells of different origin. Its choice as target antigen and that of a non-toxic, human RNase as the killer moiety makes this immunoRNase a new, potentially attractive anticancer agent.
Rieger's syndrome with pericentric inversion of chromosome 6. (1979)

Pericentric inversion of chromosome 6 (6p+q-) was found in a girl with Rieger's syndrome and in her father. The only ocular signs in the father were prominent iris mounds and Schwalbe's line. The association of chromosomal anomalies with Rieger's syndrome indicates the need for a chromosome banding test in familial or sporadic patients with the syndrome and in patients with mild anomalies of the anterior chamber angle.
Targeted anti-cancer therapy using rituximab, a chimaeric anti-CD20 antibody (IDEC-C2B8) in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma (1997)

Conference Article| May 01 1997 Targeted anti-cancer therapy using rituximab, a chimaeric anti-CD20 antibody (IDEC-C2B8) in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma D. R. Anderson; D. R. Anderson 1IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 11011 Torreyana Road, San Diego, CA92121, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. Grillo-López; A. Grillo-López 1IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 11011 Torreyana Road, San Diego, CA92121, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C. Varns; C. Varns 1IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 11011 Torreyana Road, San Diego, CA92121, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar K. S. Chambers; K. S. Chambers 1IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 11011 Torreyana Road, San Diego, CA92121, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar N. Hanna N. Hanna 1IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 11011 Torreyana Road, San Diego, CA92121, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (2): 705–708. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250705 Article history Received: November 04 1996 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D. R. Anderson, A. Grillo-López, C. Varns, K. S. Chambers, N. Hanna; Targeted anti-cancer therapy using rituximab, a chimaeric anti-CD20 antibody (IDEC-C2B8) in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1997; 25 (2): 705–708. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250705 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: ADCC, antibody-dependent cellular toxicity, CDC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, NHL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Structural and electronic properties of epitaxial core-shell nanowire heterostructures (2005)

First principles density functional theory is used to study the composition dependence of the structural and electronic properties of the epitaxial silicon-germanium core-shell [111]-oriented nanowires with diameter ranging from $1.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}1.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. An analysis of the results obtained for these nanowires reveals that variations of geometrical and electronic characteristics with composition are strongly type (core/shell) specific. There exist positive and negative deviations from the Vegard's law for the structural parameters (lattice constants, diameters, and mean bond lengths) of the nanowires with compressive strained Ge core and tensile strained Si core, respectively. Direct-to-indirect transition for the fundamental band gap is found in Ge-core/Si-shell nanowires, while Si-core/Ge-shell nanowires preserve a direct energy gap almost over the whole compositional range. An analysis of dependence of the energy gap on the diameter and shell thickness of the nanowires reveals a strong size dependent redshift, consistent with the well-known spectroscopic data. These results provide an understanding of the interplay between variation of structural characteristics and changes in electronic properties.
Semisynthetic DNA–Protein Conjugates for Biosensing and Nanofabrication (2010)

Conjugation with artificial nucleic acids allows proteins to be modified with a synthetically accessible, robust tag. This attachment is addressable in a highly specific manner by means of molecular recognition events, such as Watson-Crick hybridization. Such DNA-protein conjugates, with their combined properties, have a broad range of applications, such as in high-performance biomedical diagnostic assays, fundamental research on molecular recognition, and the synthesis of DNA nanostructures. This Review surveys current approaches to generate DNA-protein conjugates as well as recent advances in their applications. For example, DNA-protein conjugates have been assembled into model systems for the investigation of catalytic cascade reactions and light-harvesting devices. Such hybrid conjugates are also used for the biofunctionalization of planar surfaces for micro- and nanoarrays, and for decorating inorganic nanoparticles to enable applications in sensing, materials science, and catalysis.
Regulatory T cell phenotype and function 4 years after GAD–alum treatment in children with type 1 diabetes (2013)

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)(65) formulated with aluminium hydroxide (GAD-alum) was effective in preserving insulin secretion in a Phase II clinical trial in children and adolescents with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. In addition, GAD-alum treated patients increased CD4(+) CD25(hi) forkhead box protein 3(+) (FoxP3(+)) cell numbers in response to in-vitro GAD(65) stimulation. We have carried out a 4-year follow-up study of 59 of the original 70 patients to investigate long-term effects on the frequency and function of regulatory T cells after GAD-alum treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with GAD65 for 7 days and expression of regulatory T cell markers was measured by flow cytometry. Regulatory T cells (CD4(+) CD25(hi) CD127(lo)) and effector T cells (CD4(+) CD25(-) CD127(+)) were further sorted, expanded and used in suppression assays to assess regulatory T cell function after GAD-alum treatment. GAD-alum-treated patients displayed higher frequencies of in-vitro GAD(65) -induced CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(+) as well as CD4(+) CD25(hi) CD127(lo) and CD4(+) FoxP3(+) cells compared to placebo. Moreover, GAD(65) stimulation induced a population of CD4(hi) cells consisting mainly of CD25(+) CD127(+) , which was specific of GAD-alum-treated patients (16 of 25 versus one of 25 in placebo). Assessment of suppressive function in expanded regulatory T cells revealed no difference between GAD-alum- and placebo-treated individuals. Regulatory T cell frequency did not correlate with C-peptide secretion throughout the study. In conclusion, GAD-alum treatment induced both GAD(65) -reactive CD25(+) CD127(+) and CD25(hi) CD127(lo) cells, but no difference in regulatory T cell function 4 years after GAD-alum treatment.
Hardware Supported Bump Mapping: A Step towards Ingber Quality Real-Time Rendering (1995)

Today's high-end Gouraud renderers produce nicely textured scenes by mapping two-dimensional images onto modeled objects in real· time. We present a renderer which textures surfaces in the normal sense of the word using bump textures to simulate wrinkled or dimpled color­ ful surfaces. Using a simplified bump mapping method we first suc­ ceeded in designing a real-time bump mapping renderer based on the high-quality Phong shading model.Applying several improvements to our former Phong shading hard­ ware we are able to walk through perspectively correct bump mapped scenes illuminated by colored lightsources. This paper describes the main building blocks of the overall architec­ ture, including reflectance cubes to support a local viewer, a Taylor­ series based division to calculate homogeneous coordinates and our hardware adapted bump mapping method.
Selection of a Moxifloxacin Dose That Suppresses Drug Resistance inMycobacterium tuberculosis,by Use of an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Infection Model and Mathematical Modeling (2004)

A moxifloxacin dose of 800 mg/day is likely to achieve excellent M. tuberculosis microbial kill and to suppress drug resistance. However, tolerability of this higher dose is still unknown.
Transmission Electron Microscope Observations of Si/Si Interface Bonded at Room Temperature by Ar Beam Surface Activation (1999)

Silicon wafers are strongly bonded at room temperature by Ar beam surface etching in ultrahigh vacuum. The bonding interface is investigated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Residual strain originating from surface roughness exists in the interface region. It is observed only in specimens bonded at room temperature, because it relaxes even by low-temperature annealing at 400°C. An amorphous-like intermediate layer is observed in high-resolution images of the interface. The layer is quite unstable and different from the oxide layer which is often observed at the Si/Si interface prepared by the conventional hydrophilic wafer bonding method. Both annealing and electron beam irradiation during TEM observation cause recrystallization of the layer. The layer contains Ar, but the O concentration is less than the detection limit of analytical TEM. The layer thickness changes according to the kinetic energy of Ar beam. These points demonstrate that Ar atom implantation during the surface etching introduces surface damage, forming the amorphous-like layer.
Adenovirus Endocytosis via α v Integrins Requires Phosphoinositide-3-OH Kinase (1998)

Integrins mediate cell adhesion and motility on the extracellular matrix, yet they also promote viral attachment and/or entry. Evidence is presented that adenovirus internalization by alpha(v) integrins requires activation of phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI3K), whereas alpha(v) integrin-mediated cell motility depends on the ERK1/ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Interaction of adenovirus with alpha(v), integrins induced activation of PI3K. Pharmacologic or genetic disruption of endogenous PI3K activity blocked adenovirus internalization and virus-mediated gene delivery yet had no effect on integrin-mediated cell adhesion or motility. Therefore, integrin ligation engages distinct signaling pathways that promote viral endocytosis or cell movement.
Controlled growth of InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum dots on InP substrates employing diblock copolymer lithography (2009)

Selective metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth with diblock copolymer nanopatterning is utilized to produce InGaAsP(Q1.15 μm)/In0.53Ga0.47As/InGaAsP(Q1.15 μm) and InP/In0.53Ga0.47As/InP quantum dots (QDs) on InP substrates. The QD patterning is prepared by dense nanoscale diblock copolymer lithography followed by pattern-transfer onto a dielectric template mask and reactive ion etching is utilized to form nanosized openings exposing the underlying InGaAsP layer. By varying the In0.53Ga0.47As layer thickness within the QDs, the emission wavelength can be selected within the 1.4–1.6 μm region. Strongest photoluminescence (PL) intensity is observed from QDs employing InP rather than InGaAsP barriers, demonstrating room temperature PL near 1.6 μm.