gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The sustainability of corporate governance – considerations for a model (2012)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to seek comment on a proposed new model for measuring and monitoring the sustainability of corporate governance. Design/methodology/approach The unprecedented combination of the scarcity of finance, low growth, and environmental pressures, together with new attitudes to employment, makes an extremely challenging environment that demands a more comprehensive concept of sustainability. It is redefined here to encompass the management of all resources, whether they be natural, human, environmental financial or social, and “Sustainable Governance © ” is a framework that creates and monitors a structure that husbands the way that all resources are managed for today and for a long term sustainable future. To meet the challenge of the changing world, a 12‐point management model is proposed, together with a comprehensive rating system employed to analyse progress and benchmark competitive performance. Findings Corporate governance cannot be left to chance in the business climate of the twenty‐first century. Public trust has been lost and boards will need to be seen to be in control not only of the present but also of the future. All resources will have to be treated as finite and accountability will be a byword in all corporations. To be sustainable, corporate governance must cover all aspects of corporate resources and activities and it must also be measured in a more formal and transparent manner. This article outlines a model that could be used for this purpose. It is taking measurement beyond the simplistic “scorecard” approach favoured in the past. It is a seed from which the authors expect to see a fertile growth and all comments are welcome to further the model and the process. Practical implications The choice facing organizations in the twenty‐first century is either to react to each set of pressures that come along as they arise, or to take a hard look at the economic, environmental and social context in which they operate, and create a framework that will give them the ability to manage in a long‐term sustainable structure. Originality/value This supersedes the scorecard approach for monitoring corporate governance. It is new and untried but the authors seek input and comments from readers.
Biodegradable polymers useful in wound repair requiring negative pressure wound therapy (2009)

Treatment of wounds using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) currently utilizes non‐degradable sponges of polyurethane or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which require removal. The purpose of this study was to construct and test biodegradable combinations of chitosan, Type I collagen, poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) 50:50, and poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) as substitute sponges. Polymer sponges were porogen leached, cross‐linked, and hydrated in phosphate buffered saline prior to use in NPWT. Sponges were tested on the uncut surface of pig liver maintained in a hydration chamber continuously replenished with saline. PLGA and PCL sponges were used under conditions of negative 25mm Hg to 75mm Hg for 72 hours and removed fluid from the hydrated liver. Other sponges were mechanically inferior. Mechanical properties of PLGA: PCL: PVA sponges were as follows; maximum stress (0.51, 0.52, 0.43, MPa); maximum strain (0.94, 0.59, 2.95 mm/mm); Young's modulus (2.74, 2.42, 0.24 MPa). The results demonstrate PLGA and PCL sponges are appropriate substitutes for currently used nondegradable sponges.
The theory of polymer dynamics (1986)

Introduction Static properties of polymers Brownian motion Dynamics of flexible polymers in dilute solution Many chain systems Dynamics of a polymer in a fixed network Molecular theory for the viscoelasticity of polymeric liquids Dilute solutions of rigid rodlike polymers Semidilute solutions of rigid rodlike polymers Concentrated solutions of rigid rodlike polymers Index.
Chromosome 1 loci in Finnish schizophrenia families (2001)

We have earlier reported evidence for linkage to two regions on chromosome 1q32--q42 in schizophrenia families collected for two separate studies in Finland. Here we report the results of a fine mapping effort aimed at further definition of the chromosomal region of interest using a large, population-based study sample (221 families, 557 affected individuals). Most affecteds (78%) had a DSM-IV schizophrenia diagnosis and the remaining had schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We genotyped a total of 147 microsatellite markers on a wide 45 cM region of chromosome 1q. The results were analyzed separately for families originating from an internal isolate of Finland and for families from the rest of Finland, as well as for all families jointly. We used traditional two-point linkage analysis, SimWalk2 multipoint analysis and a novel gamete-competition association/linkage method. Evidence for linkage was obtained for one locus in the combined sample (Z(max) = 2.71, D1S2709) and in the nuclear families from outside the internal isolate (Z(max) = 3.21, D1S2709). In the families from the internal isolate the strongest evidence for linkage was obtained with markers located 22 cM centromeric from this marker (Z(max) = 2.30, D1S245). Multipoint analysis also indicated these loci. Some evidence for association with several markers was observed using the gamete-competition method. Interestingly, the strongest evidence for linkage in the combined study sample was obtained for marker D1S2709, which is an intragenic marker of the DISC1 gene, previously suggested as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. These results are consistent with the presence of susceptibility gene(s) in this chromosomal region, a result also implied in other recent family studies of schizophrenia.
Regional Assignment of Genes for Human Esterase D and Retinoblastoma to Chromosome Band 13q14 (1980)

The expression of human esterase D was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively in five persons with partial deletions or duplications of chromosome 13. The results showed that the locus of this enzyme is at band 13q14. Deletion of this same band in other subjects has been found previously to indicate a predisposition to the development of retinoblastoma, which was present in the four individuals in this study who had partial deletions of chromosome 13. Because of this close synteny, esterase D evaluation should aid in the diagnosis and genetic counseling of retinoblastoma.
Scalable timers for soft state protocols (2002)

Soft state protocols use periodic refresh messages to keep the network state alive while adapting to changing network conditions; this has raised concerns regarding the scalability of protocols that use the soft state approach. In existing soft state protocols, the values of the timers that control the sending of these messages, and the timers for aging out state, are chosen by matching empirical observations with desired recovery and response times. These fixed timer-values fail because they use time as a metric for bandwidth; they adapt neither to (1) the wide range of link speeds that exist in most wide-area internets, nor to (2) fluctuations in the amount of network state over time. We propose and evaluate a new approach in which timer-values adapt dynamically to the volume of control traffic and available bandwidth on the link. The essential mechanisms required to realize this scalable timers approach are: (1) dynamic adjustment of the senders' refresh rate so that the bandwidth allocated for control traffic is not exceeded, and (2) estimation of the senders' refresh rate at the receiver in order to determine when the state can be timed-out and deleted. The refresh messages are sent in a round robin manner not exceeding the bandwidth allocated to the control traffic, and taking into account the message priorities. We evaluate two receiver estimation methods for dynamically adjusting network state timeout values: (1) counting of the rounds and (2) exponential weighted moving average.
A whole-genome microarray reveals genetic diversity among Helicobacter pylori strains (2000)

Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomach of half of the world's population, causing a wide spectrum of disease ranging from asymptomatic gastritis to ulcers to gastric cancer. Although the basis for these diverse clinical outcomes is not understood, more severe disease is associated with strains harboring a pathogenicity island. To characterize the genetic diversity of more and less virulent strains, we examined the genomic content of 15 H. pylori clinical isolates by using a whole genome H. pylori DNA microarray. We found that a full 22% of H. pylori genes are dispensable in one or more strains, thus defining a minimal functional core of 1281 H. pylori genes. While the core genes encode most metabolic and cellular processes, the strain-specific genes include genes unique to H. pylori, restriction modification genes, transposases, and genes encoding cell surface proteins, which may aid the bacteria under specific circumstances during their long-term infection of genetically diverse hosts. We observed distinct patterns of the strain-specific gene distribution along the chromosome, which may result from different mechanisms of gene acquisition and loss. Among the strain-specific genes, we have found a class of candidate virulence genes identified by their coinheritance with the pathogenicity island.
VEGFR-1–Selective VEGF Homologue PlGF Is Arteriogenic (2003)

Two signaling receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the vasculature are known with not yet well-understood roles in collateral vessel growth (arteriogenesis). In this study, we examined the involvement of the two VEGF receptors in arteriogenesis. Therefore, we used the VEGF homologue placenta growth factor (PlGF), which only binds to VEGFR-1 and VEGF-E, which only recognizes VEGFR-2. These peptides were locally infused over 7 days after ligation of the femoral artery in the rabbit. Evaluation of collateral growth by determining collateral conductance and angiographic scores demonstrated that the VEGFR-1-specific PlGF contributed significantly more to arteriogenesis than the VEGFR-2 specific VEGF-E. The combination of VEGF-E and PlGF did not exceed the effect of PlGF alone, indicating that cooperation of the two VEGF receptors in endothelial cell signaling is not required for arteriogenesis. In an in vitro model of angiogenesis, VEGF and VEGF-E were comparably active, whereas PlGF displayed no activity when given alone and did not further increase the effects of VEGF or VEGF-E. However, PlGF was as potent as VEGF when monocyte activation was assessed by monitoring integrin surface expression. In addition, accumulation of activated monocytes/macrophages in the periphery of collateral vessels in PlGF-treated animals was observed. Furthermore, in monocyte-depleted animals, the ability of PlGF to enhance collateral growth in the rabbit model and to rescue impaired arteriogenesis in PlGF gene-deficient mice was abrogated. Together, these data indicate that the arteriogenic activity observed with the VEGFR-1-specific PlGF is caused by its monocyte-activating properties.
Analysis of multiple renal cell adenomas and carcinomas suggests allelic loss at 3p21 to be a prerequisite for malignant development (1997)

Multiple renal cell tumours from three unrelated patients have been analysed for loss of heterozygosity of 3p, mutation of VHL, and chromosome 7 and 17 imbalances. Loss of 3p alleles is characteristic for clear cell type tumours and the combination of +7, +17 for chromophilic cell type tumours. Thus, we could classify adenomas and carcinomas of the three patients according to the genomic patterns of the tumours. Adenomas appeared to be mostly of the chromophilic cell type. In some adenomas, however, allelic losses of chromosome 3 were detected, pointing to a clear cell phenotype. Irrespective of showing loss or retention of the 3p25 region, none of the adenomas had a VHL mutation. Therefore, inactivation of VHL does not seem to be an early event in the development of renal cell tumours. Results of an analysis of regions of loss and retention of alleles of 3p markers in multiple tumours of the individual patients suggest that losses at either 3p25 or 3p12-p14 are associated with adenomas. Additional loss at 3p21 is most likely required to lead to development of a more malignant clear cell carcinoma.
Design of Effective Health Decision Support Systems: Towards Automating the Health Administrator's Decision Processes (1996)

There has been very little evidence to suggest the effective use of, and demand for, computer-based systems by health care administrators to support their increasingly complex decision-making activities. This is so, despite a considerable amount of research attention paid to examining the efficiency and power of mathematical models, and the application of increasingly sophisticated Management Science Techniques to problems encountered within the health care system over the last several years. In recent times, advancing computer technology: 1) promises to close the gap between theory and practice, 2) creates a new perspective for computerized decision support in health care organisations, and 3) points to the need for new directions in research. This paper highlights the factors that are critical to the success of interfacing between health managerial decision-makers and effective computerized decision aids.
Regulation of Tumor Suppressor p53 and HCT116 Cell Physiology by Histone Demethylase JMJD2D/KDM4D (2012)

JMJD2D, also known as KDM4D, is a histone demethylase that removes methyl moieties from lysine 9 on histone 3 and from lysine 26 on histone 1.4. Here, we demonstrate that JMJD2D forms a complex with the p53 tumor suppressor in vivo and interacts with the DNA binding domain of p53 in vitro. A luciferase reporter plasmid driven by the promoter of p21, a cell cycle inhibitor and prominent target gene of p53, was synergistically activated by p53 and JMJD2D, which was dependent on JMJD2D catalytic activity. Likewise, overexpression of JMJD2D induced p21 expression in U2OS osteosarcoma cells in the absence and presence of adriamycin, an agent that induces DNA damage. Furthermore, downregulation of JMJD2D inhibited cell proliferation in wild-type and even more so in p53(-/-) HCT116 colon cancer cells, suggesting that JMJD2D is a pro-proliferative molecule. JMJD2D depletion also induced more strongly apoptosis in p53(-/-) compared to wild-type HCT116 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that JMJD2D can stimulate cell proliferation and survival, suggesting that its inhibition may be helpful in the fight against cancer. Furthermore, our data imply that activation of p53 may represent a mechanism by which the pro-oncogenic functions of JMJD2D become dampened.
Regulation of the phase switch controlling expression of type 1 fimbriae in Escherichia coli (1989)

The expression of Escherichia coli type 1 fimbriae is phase-variable i.e. the bacterial cell is either fimbriated or non-fimbriated. The transition from one state to the other is caused by the change in configuration of an invertible DNA segment harbouring the promoter of the fimA gene. The position of this phase switch is controlled by two proteins, FimB and FimE, which mediate an 'on' or 'off' configuration of the switch, respectively. In this study, we have investigated how these proteins control the switch by means of fim-lac fusions on low-copy-number plasmids. It was found, by in trans and cis complementation, that the ratio of fimB to fimE and the total concentration of the gene products determine the configuration of the switch as well as the frequency of phase switching. It was also shown that transcription occurs from the promoter located at the phase switch when this is in the 'off' configuration. This suggests a regulatory mechanism, since the resulting transcript would be anti-sense to the fimE transcript.
Extraction of protein interaction information from unstructured text using a context-free grammar (2003)

The program and corpus are available by request from the authors.
Introduction:  Polyketide and Nonribosomal Polypeptide Biosynthesis. From Collie to Coli (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTIntroduction: Polyketide and Nonribosomal Polypeptide Biosynthesis. From Collie to ColiDavid E. CaneView Author Information Brown University Guest EditorCite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 7, 2463–2464Publication Date (Web):November 10, 1997Publication History Published online10 November 1997Published inissue 1 November 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr970097ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr970097geditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1995Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (43 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biosynthesis,Genetics,Metabolism,Peptides and proteins,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Neurochemical Monitoring of Glycerol Therapy in Patients With Ischemic Brain Edema (2004)

Treatment of stroke patients with intravenous glycerol has only a brief effect on plasma osmolarity, but a more sustained effect on ICP, which is, however, accompanied by a rapid glycerol accumulation in brain tissue.
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus protects cotton rats against human respiratory syncytial virus infection (1993)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the most frequent cause of severe respiratory infections in infancy. No vaccine against this virus has yet been protective, and antiviral drugs have been of limited utility. Using the cotton rat model of HRSV infection, we examined bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), a cause of acute respiratory disease in young cattle, as a possible vaccine candidate to protect children against HRSV infection. Cotton rats were primed intranasally with graded doses of BRSV/375 or HRSV/Long or were left unprimed. Three weeks later, they were challenged intranasally with either BRSV/375, HRSV/Long (subgroup A), or HRSV/18537 (subgroup B). At intervals postchallenge, animals were sacrificed for virus titration and histologic evaluation. Serum neutralizing antibody titers were determined at the time of viral challenge. BRSV/375 replicated to low titers in nasal tissues and lungs. Priming with 10(5) PFU of BRSV/375 effected a 500- to 1,000-fold reduction in peak nasal HRSV titer and a greater than 1,000-fold reduction in peak pulmonary HRSV titer upon challenge with HRSV/Long or HRSV/18537. In contrast to priming with HRSV, priming with BRSV did not induce substantial levels of neutralizing antibody against HRSV and was associated with a delayed onset of clearance of HRSV upon challenge. Priming with BRSV/375 caused mild nasal and pulmonary pathology and did not cause exacerbation of disease upon challenge with HRSV/Long. Our findings suggest that BRSV may be a potential vaccine against HRSV and a useful tool for studying the mechanisms of immunity to HRSV.
A Methodology To Quantify Uncertainties and Leveraging Issues in Oil and Gas Project Economics (1989)

Abstract This paper describes a methodology by which economics for oil and gas projects can be analyzed to determine leveraging aspects and quantify unknowns. Discounted before-tax summaries from an economics program are processed to determine the effects that % changes in individual project components have on total project value. Ranges of uncertainty for each component are taken into account to determine the most leveraging elements in terms of net present value. The analysis is extended to include Monte Carlo simulation to quantify net present value, upside and downside values, chance of having an economic project, and downside net present value. An example problem is provided.
An overview of augmented visualization: observing the real world as desired (2018)

shohei mori 1 and hideo saito 2 Over 20 years have passed since a free-viewpoint video technology has been proposed with which a user's viewpoint can be freely set up in a reconstructed three-dimensional space of a target scene photographed by multi-view cameras. This technology allows us to capture and reproduce the real world as recorded. Once we capture the world in a digital form, we can modify it as augmented reality (i.e., placing virtual objects in the digitized real world). Unlike this concept, the augmented world allows us to see through real objects by synthesizing the backgrounds that cannot be observed in our raw perspective directly. The key idea is to generate the background image using multi-view cameras, observing the backgrounds at different positions and seamlessly overlaying the recovered image in our digitized perspective. In this paper, we review such desired view-generation techniques from the perspective of free-viewpoint image generation and discuss challenges and open problems through a case study of our implementations.
RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases (2013)

RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions in many eukaryotes and holds promise for the development of therapeutic gene silencing. The induction of RNAi relies on small silencing RNAs, which affect specific messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation. Two types of small RNA molecules, i.e. small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), are central to RNAi. Drug discovery studies and novel treatments of siRNAs are currently targeting a wide range of diseases, including various viral infections and cancers. Lung diseases in general are attractive targets for siRNA therapeutics because of their lethality and prevalence. In addition, the lung is anatomically accessible to therapeutic agents via the intrapulmonary route. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that miRNAs play an important role in lung abnormalities, such as inflammation and oncogenesis. Therefore, miRNAs are being targeted for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we present strategies for RNAi delivery and discuss the current state-of-the-art RNAi-based therapeutics for various lung diseases.
Genome‐scale engineering for systems and synthetic biology (2013)

Genome-modification technologies enable the rational engineering and perturbation of biological systems. Historically, these methods have been limited to gene insertions or mutations at random or at a few pre-defined locations across the genome. The handful of methods capable of targeted gene editing suffered from low efficiencies, significant labor costs, or both. Recent advances have dramatically expanded our ability to engineer cells in a directed and combinatorial manner. Here, we review current technologies and methodologies for genome-scale engineering, discuss the prospects for extending efficient genome modification to new hosts, and explore the implications of continued advances toward the development of flexibly programmable chasses, novel biochemistries, and safer organismal and ecological engineering.