gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary study on (CoPtCr/NiFe)-SiO/sub 2/ hard/soft-stacked perpendicular recording media (2005)

Hard/soft-stacked perpendicular recording media were proposed in order to improve recording writability without notable changes in thermal stability and noise performance. A preliminary study on stacked media consisting of a 10-nm magnetically hard CoPtCr-SiO/sub 2/ layer underneath a soft NiFe-SiO/sub 2/ layer (0-4 nm) was performed. Transmission electron microscope images revealed that NiFe/CoPtCr stacked grains were well isolated by SiO/sub 2/ at grain boundaries, similar to the isolation of single layer CoPtCr-SiO/sub 2/ media. No change was observed in the slope of the hysteresis loop on stacking the NiFe-SiO/sub 2/ layer, suggesting there was no significant change in intergranular magnetic coupling. The switching field decreased by 2 kOe as the NiFe-SiO/sub 2/ layer thickness increased from 0 to 3 nm, without a notable reduction in the stabilizing thermal energy barrier. Moreover, the angular dependence of remanence coercivity indicates that magnetization reversal occurs by coherent rotation in (CoPtCr/NiFe)-SiO/sub 2/ stacked media as predicted theoretically, and no significant difference in switching mechanism from single layer CoPtCr-SiO/sub 2/ media was observed. We successfully demonstrated that the hard/soft-stacked media show a better recording writability with no notable change in signal-to-media-noise ratio or thermal stability.
Trypanocidal 1,3-arylene diketone bis(guanylhydrazones). Structure-activity relationships among substituted and heterocyclic analogs (1984)

Based on the antitrypanosomal activity of 1,3-diacetylbenzene bis(guanylhydrazone) (4) and 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(guanylhydrazone) (17), a number of substituted and heterocyclic 1,3-arylene diketone bis(guanylhydrazone)s were prepared and tested against Trypanosoma brucei infections in mice. A wide range of ED50 values was observed among 5-substituted derivatives of 4. The 5-amino analogue 5 and 5-acetamido analogue 6 were about twice as active as 4. 1,3,5-Triacetylbenzene tris(guanylhydrazone) (12) was about 9 times as active as 4 and was approximately one-half as active as the currently used trypanocide diminazene aceturate in this test system. Other 5-derivatives had activity equivalent to or less than that of the parent compound 4. Three new heterocyclic analogues were all less active than 2,6-diacetylpyridine derivative 17 and benzene derivative 4. Ring substitution ortho to the guanylhydrazone side chains was invariably detrimental to activity. Side-chain homologues 1,3-dipentanoylbenzene bis(guanylhydrazone) and 1,3-diacetylbenzene bis(2-imidazolin-2-ylhydrazone) were essentially inactive.
Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules Deficiency: Its Structural Basis, Pathophysiology and Implications for Modulating the Inflammatory Response (1990)

Understanding the molecular basis of a rare inherited disease, Leu-CAM deficiency in humans, has underscored the importance of the cellular component of inflammation and unravelled the complex series of homotypic and heterotypic cell interactions necessary for mobilization of leukocytes to infected sites. Furthermore, this disease has shown that several apparently distinct cellular inflammatory responses (e.g. aggregation, adhesion to endothelium, directed migration and phagocytosis) are mechanistically related and mediated by a set of molecules which belong to a larger group of adhesion molecules (Integrins) mediating similar phenomena critical for immune surveillance, lymphocyte homing, morphogenesis and thrombogenesis. This disease also showed the relative biologic importance of CD11/CD18 in leukocytes. CD11/CD18 are more critical for the functions of phagocytic cells as compared to lymphocytes although similar inhibitory effects of anti-CD11/CD18 mAbs can be demonstrated in vitro. Expression and function of CD11/CD18 is regulated at several levels which include formation of stable heterodimers, qualitative changes in the receptor and quantitative changes in the levels of expression of the receptors and their ligands. We have identified inherited single amino acid substitutions on CD18 which impair heterodimer formation and cell surface expression, thus accounting for the pathogenesis of Leu-CAM deficiency. We also found a stimulus-induced phosphorylation of CD18, which is transient in nature when elicited through other surface receptors. This may be important in regulation of CD11/CD18 receptor avidity, recycling, endocytosis and cross-talk with other receptors. Finally, realization of the profound impairment in the acute cellular inflammatory response present in Leu-CAM deficiency has permitted novel ways of controlling the inflammatory response in several situations were inflammation serves an injurious rather than a beneficial role to the host.
A 15 mW, 70 kHz 1/f corner direct conversion CMOS receiver (2004)

This paper describes a fully integrated low noise amplifier (LNA) + mixer + first filtering stage, suitable for direct conversion receivers. Its key feature is a current driven passive mixer loaded by a low impedance. Measurements performed on a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS prototype, confirm that this architecture, when compared to a classic one, gives a much smaller flicker noise (70 kHz 1/f corner), together with an excellent noise figure (4.4 dB integrated from 10 kHz to 1.92 MHz), while requiring only 15 mW of power. Moreover, a very good linearity is simultaneously achieved (IIP3=-1 dBm). The main limitation of the present implementation is the bandwidth of the opamp that implements the mixer load. Due to this, IIP3 degrades at higher frequencies (IIP3 about -12 dBm at 10 MHz). This is however not a fundamental limitation.
Osteogenic Protein-1 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7) in the Treatment of Tibial Nonunions (2001)

rhOP-1 (BMP-7), implanted with a type I collagen carrier, was a safe and effective treatment for tibial nonunions. This molecule provided clinical and radiographic results comparable with those achieved with bone autograft, without donor site morbidity.
Bioluminescent sensors for detection of bioavailable Hg(II) in the environment (1993)

Biosensors for the detection of pollutants in the environment can complement analytical methods by distinguishing bioavailable from inert, unavailable forms of contaminants. By using fusions of the well-understood Tn21 mercury resistance operon (mer) with promoterless luxCDABE from Vibrio fischeri, we have constructed and tested three biosensors for Hg(II). Bioluminescence specified by pRB28, carrying merRo/pT, by pOS14, mediating active transport of Hg(II), and by pOS15, containing an intact mer operon, was measured in rich and minimal media. The highest sensitivities were achieved in minimal medium and were 1, 0.5, and 25 nM Hg(II) for pRB28, pOS14, and pOS15, respectively. The utility of the biosensors in natural waters was demonstrated with freshwater, rain, and estuarine samples supplemented with Hg(II). mer-lux carried by pRB28 and pOS14 responded to Hg(II) in mercury-contaminated water samples collected from a freshwater pond. Semiquantitative analyses based on light emission in samples collected from the inlet (analytically determined total mercury, approximately 20 nM) and outlet (total mercury, approximately 7 nM) of the pond showed bioavailable mercury at approximately 20 and 1 to 2 nM, respectively. Thus, the biosensors described here semiquantitatively detect bioavailable inorganic mercury (at a nanomolar to micromolar concentration range) in contaminated waters.
Bone marrow-derived cells contribute to tumor neovasculature and, when modified to express an angiogenesis inhibitor, can restrict tumor growth in mice. (2001)

Inhibition of tumor-induced neovascularization appears to be an effective anticancer approach, although long-term angiogenesis inhibition may be required. An alternative to chronic drug administration is a gene therapy-mediated approach in which long-term in vivo protein expression is established. We have tested this approach by modifying murine bone marrow-derived cells with a gene encoding an angiogenesis inhibitor: a soluble, truncated form of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1). Murine bone marrow cells were transduced with a retroviral vector encoding either truncated, soluble Flk-1 (tsFlk-1) together with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or GFP alone. Tumor growth in mice challenged 3 months after transplantation with tsFlk-1-expressing bone marrow cells was significantly inhibited when compared with tumor growth in control-transplanted mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors in each group demonstrated colocalization of GFP expression in cells staining with endothelial cell markers, suggesting that the endothelial cells of the tumor-induced neovasculature were derived, at least in part, from bone marrow precursors. These results suggest that long-term expression of a functional angiogenesis inhibitor can be generated through gene-modified, bone marrow-derived stem cells, and that this approach can have significant anticancer efficacy. Modifying these cells seems to have the added potential benefit of targeting transgene expression to the tumor neovasculature, because bone marrow-derived endothelial cell precursors seem to be recruited in the process of tumor-induced angiogenesis.
A low voltage to high voltage level shifter circuit for MEMS application (2004)

High voltage (>15 V) drivers are integrated into the VLSI chip for MEMS application with the development of SOC technology. The pre-driver circuit, which generates the pull-up and pull-down signal, is mainly a voltage level shifter circuit. It converts the low voltage control signal to high voltage control signal. Conventional voltage level shifter circuit using high voltage NMOS and high voltage PMOS operates well on 0.8 /spl mu/m process. However, with the continuous process shrinking, conventional voltage level shifter circuit is not suitable for high voltage power supply due to the reduced breakdown voltage of the high voltage devices. Although stacked high voltage devices can be applied to solve this issue, the circuit will have DC leakage current and the internal high voltage swing problem. This paper describes a new low voltage to high voltage converter circuit. By using all the low voltage devices, the DC leakage current and the high voltage swing node have been eliminated. This circuit is fabricated in 0.35 SOI process. Both simulation and test results validate its operations for controlling high voltage drivers.
Alternative splicing in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 is associated with induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in rat bladder carcinoma cells. (1994)

We described previously that acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), but not basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), can induce the rat carcinoma cell line NBT-II to undergo a rapid and reversible transition from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype (EMT). We now find that NBT-II EMT is stimulated by keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in cells grown at low density. Accordingly, a high-affinity receptor showing 98% homology to mouse FGF receptor 2b/KGF receptor was cloned and sequenced from NBT-II cells. Northern analysis indicated that mRNA for FGF receptor 2b/KGF receptor was drastically down-regulated within 1 wk in aFGF-induced mesenchymal NBT-II cells. This decrease coincided with an up-regulation of FGF receptor 2c/Bek, a KGF-insensitive, alternatively spliced form of FGF receptor 2b/KGF receptor. Functional studies confirmed that KGF could not maintain EMT induction on mesenchymal NBT-II cells. FGF receptor 1 and FGF receptor 2c/Bek could also support EMT induction when transfected into NBT-II cells in response to aFGF or bFGF. Such transfected cells could bind bFGF as well as aFGF. Therefore, EMT can be induced through different FGF receptors, but EMT may also regulate FGF receptor expression itself.
Effect of delayed insemination on in-vitro fertilization, culture and transfer of human embryos (1982)

Oocytes were obtained from patients with tubal infertility at fixed times after the onset of the endogenous LH rise or hCG injection, and were inseminated immediately after recovery or after periods of 4-4 1/2, 5-5 1/2 and 6-6 1/2 h in culture in vitro. Delayed insemination resulted in a marked increase in the proportion of oocytes that were fertilized and developed to normal embryos and maximum rates occurred after 5-5 1/2 h in culture (0-1/2 h, 26%; 4-4 1/2 h, 50%; 5-5 1/2 h, 89%; 6-6 1/2 h, 69%). The range and mean (+/- s.d.) intervals from insemination for the pronuclear and early cleavage stages were 27-43 (35.6 +/- 4.4) h for 2-cell stages, 36-65 (45.7 +/- 8.3) h for 4-cell stages, 45-73 (54.3 +/- 12.6) h for 8-cell stages and 68-85 h for the 16-cell stage. In 7/50 patients receiving 1 or 2 embryos at the 2-, 4- and 8-cell stages, fetal development was normal and 2 women had twin pregnancies (36% success compared with 8% for single embryos). All pregnancies were from the groups in which insemination was delayed for 5-6 1/2 h. It is concluded that a short period of culture in vitro may allow the completion of oocyte maturation, and improve the results of in-vitro fertilization.
DROPLET ARRAYS IN MICROFLUIDIC CHANNELS FOR COMBINATORIAL SCREENING ASSAYS (2004)

A microfluidic droplet array that allows dynamic reconfiguration of droplet volume and concentration is reported. Microfluidic droplet technology [1,
Limits of wide-area thin-client computing (2002)

While many application service providers have proposed using thin-client computing to deliver computational services over the Internet, little work has been done to evaluate the effectiveness of thin-client computing in a wide-area network. To assess the potential of thin-client computing in the context of future commodity high-bandwidth Internet access, we have used a novel, non-invasive slow-motion benchmarking technique to evaluate the performance of several popular thin-client computing platforms in delivering computational services cross-country over Internet2. Our results show that using thin-client computing in a wide-area network environment can deliver acceptable performance over Internet2, even when client and server are located thousands of miles apart on opposite ends of the country. However, performance varies widely among thin-client platforms and not all platforms are suitable for this environment. While many thin-client systems are touted as being bandwidth efficient, we show that network latency is often the key factor in limiting wide-area thin-client performance. Furthermore, we show that the same techniques used to improve bandwidth efficiency often result in worse overall performance in wide-area networks. We characterize and analyze the different design choices in the various thin-client platforms and explain which of these choices should be selected for supporting wide-area computing services.
Development of a new microparticle-enhanced turbidimetric assay for C-reactive protein with superior features in analytical sensitivity and dynamic range (1998)

Novel assay techniques were applied to a newly developed microparticle-based assay for C-reactive protein (CRP). By using two different sized microparticles covalently coated with two monoclonal antibodies of different reactivity, high analytical sensitivity and a high upper measuring limit could be simultaneously attained, resulting in a remarkably wide dynamic range. This range was further increased by calculating the signal (reaction rate) optimally with a new software capability of COBAS INTEGRA, a clinical chemistry analyzer. The assay showed high precision between 2 mg/l and 160 mg/l with use of only 2.5 microl specimen. The detection limit was estimated as 0.3 mg/l CRP. The assay was four to eight times more sensitive and precise than existing turbidimetric or nephelometric assays with comparable upper measuring limits. The assay also showed good linearity and correlated well with commercial assays. This new microparticle-based CRP assay provides the accuracy and precision that are required to determine CRP at low concentrations where new clinical implications such as prognosis of cardiovascular diseases are envisaged. The assay's wide dynamic range will additionally lead to a reduction in the number of repeated analyses, thus improving the efficiency of CRP determinations in clinical laboratories.
Reduction of penile nitric oxide synthase in diabetic BB/WORdp (type I) and BBZ/WORdp (type II) rats with erectile dysfunction (1995)

Erectile dysfunction occurs frequently in human diabetes, and it is sometimes associated with hypogonadism. These conditions also develop in a model of insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes, the BB/WORdp (diabetic prone) rat but have not yet been investigated in the model of insulin-resistant (type II) diabetes, the BBZ/WOR rat. It is also unknown whether diabetes-related impotence is due to reduced levels of the mediator of penile erection, nitric oxide, caused by a decrease of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the penis. To clarify these questions, groups (n = 5-6) of diabetic BB/WORdp (insulin-maintained) and BBZ/WOR rats were age-matched with diabetic-resistant BB/WORdr and non-diabetic BB/WORdp rats and submitted to determinations of serum glucose, testosterone, and penile reflexes (cups and flips). Erectile dysfunction was found in all of type I and in most of type II diabetic animals (glycemias of 25.0 and 31.1 mM), at the selected mean ages of 310 and 180 days old, respectively. This was evidenced by over 95% decreases of erectile reflexes in both types of diabetes and was accompanied by 75% reduction of serum testosterone. Soluble NOS activity was measured in penile tissue from the diabetic rats with impaired erectile reflexes and in the corresponding controls, by the (3H)-L-arginine/citrulline conversion assay. The neuronal NOS isoform (nNOS) content was determined by a semiquantitative western blot assay. Both types of diabetes showed a marked decrease of penile NOS activity (74 and 55%, respectively), and a lower reduction of penile nNOS content (47 and 33%, respectively). No endogenous NOS inhibitor was detected in the diabetic type I penile cytosol by cross-mixing NOS activity assays. Our data support a common etiology for erectile dysfunction present in rats with types I and II diabetes mellitus and suggest that the etiology is related to a decrease of penile NOS derived in part from serum androgen deficiency.
A high-speed low-power 0.3 μm CMOS gate array with variable threshold voltage (VT) scheme (2002)

Circuit techniques for dynamically varying threshold voltage are introduced to reduce active power dissipation by 50% with negligible overhead in speed, standby power and chip area. No additional external power supply or additional step in process is required. A gate array with this scheme is fabricated in a 0.3 /spl mu/m CMOS technology whose performance is investigated. The gate array is best fit for multimedia portable applications that require low standby power dissipation and high performance.
pH-Responsive Dual Cargo Delivery from Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with a Metal-Latched Nanogate (2013)

A nanogate composed of two iminodiacetic acid (IDA) molecules and a metal ion latch was designed, synthesized, and assembled on mesoporous silica nanoparticles. This gating mechanism is capable of storing and releasing metal ions and molecules trapped in the pores. Pore openings derivatized with IDA can be latched shut by forming a bis-IDA chelate complex with a metal ion. This system was tested by loading with Hoechst 33342 as the probe cargo molecule, and latching with cobalt, nickel, or calcium metal ions. No cargo release was observed in a neutral aqueous environment, but both cargoes were delivered after acid stimulation and/or the addition of a competitively binding ligand.
Fiber optics strain gauge (1978)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. D. Butter and G. B. Hocker, "Fiber optics strain gauge," Appl. Opt. 17, 2867-2869 (1978) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
An assay that predicts the ability of monoclonal antibodies to form potent ricin A chain-containing immunotoxins. (1988)

In this report, we describe an assay for screening monoclonal antibodies for their cytotoxic potential as ricin A chain-containing immunotoxins. The assay involves treating cells with dilutions of the test antibody followed by a Fab fragment of a secondary antibody coupled to ricin A chain ("indirect assay"). The cytotoxicity of the indirect assay is compared to that of the direct assay where the monoclonal antibody is coupled to ricin A chain. Indirect and direct assays were carried out using 14 antibodies and a panel of 8 human and mouse cell types. The two assays showed virtually 100% correlation. The indirect assay, therefore, predicts the potency of a given monoclonal antibody to make an effective immunotoxin and should be useful in screening monoclonal antibodies for use as immunotoxins.
Mutations in the HML E silencer of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yield metastable inheritance of transcriptional repression. (1991)

Mating-type genes resident in the silent cassette HML at the left arm of chromosome III are repressed by the action of four SIR gene products, mediated independently through two cis-acting sites, termed the E and I silencers. We have found that in the absence of the I silencer, deletion of any one of three distinct elements within E yields partial derepression of the mating-type genes resident at HML, whereas deletion of any two yields full derepression. These elements correspond to a binding site for the abundant DNA-binding protein RAP1, an autonomous replicating sequence (ARS), and an as yet undistinguished region. From detailed deletion analysis of the E site we conclude that the ARS element contributes to silencer function in a capacity distinct from its role as an initiator of DNA replication. In addition, we find that strains deleted for any one of these elements comprise two genetically identical but phenotypically distinct types of cells: Those with HML apparently fully derepressed, and those with HML apparently completely repressed. These results reinforce the notion that epigenetic inheritance is an intrinsic characteristic of silencer action.
Revolutionizing membrane protein overexpression in bacteria (2009)

The bacterium Escherichia coli is the most widely used expression host for overexpression trials of membrane proteins. Usually, different strains, culture conditions and expression regimes are screened for to identify the optimal overexpression strategy. However, yields are often not satisfactory, especially for eukaryotic membrane proteins. This has initiated a revolution of membrane protein overexpression in bacteria. Recent studies have shown that it is feasible to (i) engineer or select for E. coli strains with strongly improved membrane protein overexpression characteristics, (ii) use bacteria other than E. coli for the expression of membrane proteins, (iii) engineer or select for membrane protein variants that retain functionality but express better than the wild-type protein, and (iv) express membrane proteins using E. coli-based cell-free systems.
Review article: gene therapy, recent developments and future prospects in gastrointestinal oncology (2010)

Cancer gene therapy is not yet indicated in clinical practice. However, basic and clinical advances have been reported and gene therapy is a promising, new therapeutic approach for the treatment of gastrointestinal tumours.