gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) Obtained from the Gas-Phase Decomposition of CO (HiPco Process) (2001)

A purification method is given for extracting the Fe metal catalyst and non-SWNT carbon from nanotubes produced by the HiPco process.(1,2) A multistage purification method has been investigated. Sample purity is documented by ESEM, TEM, TGA, Raman and UV-vis-near-IR spectroscopy. Metal catalyzed oxidation at low temperature has been shown to selectively remove non-SWNT carbon and permit extraction of iron with concentrated HCl. Prolonged catalyzed oxidation has been found to preferentially remove smaller diameter tubes. The onset of oxidation of purified smaller diameter HiPco SWNTs is also found to be approximately 100 °C lower than for purified larger diameter tubes produced in the laser-oven process.
[Micromorphological features of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel. and P. ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. strains in pure and binary culture with yeasts]. (2006)

Micromorphology of oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Quel. and P. pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel. was studied in pure and binary culture with yeasts (Cryptococcus laurentii 1629, Rhodotorula minuta 2790, Sporidiobolus salmonicolor (see text for symbol) 31A-11, Candida krusie 3452, Pichia holstii 3438). The cultures were cultivated on malt-agar and water agar. Various mycelial structures were described: strands, rings, thin searching mycelium, clamps, crystals, head-like offshoots, mycelial fragments, chlamydospores, and coralloid hyphae. Vegetative mycelia interact in different ways (forming anastomoses, strands, system of thin anucleate hyphae) within the same culture. Head-like offshoots of mycelial cells, previously regarded as spores of asexual reproduction, appeared to lack nuclei and to be filled with polyphosphates. Coralloid hyphae, which induce yeast cell lysis after direct contact, were detected only in binary culture with yeasts under condition of nitrogen deficit. The same way of feeding is typical for carnivorous mushrooms.
Sterilizing Activities of Fluoroquinolones against Rifampin-Tolerant Populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2003)

The bactericidal activities of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin were tested in three models of rifampin-tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis persisters. Model 1 was a 100-day-old, unshaken, anaerobically adapted culture in which serial dilutions of the quinolones were incubated for 5 days and CFU counts were then done In models 2 and 3, 100 mg of rifampin/liter was added to the 100-day culture for 5 or 7 days to produce tolerant organisms that did not grow on plates; the rifampin was then washed off, fresh medium was added to allow recovery of growth on plates, and the culture was incubated for 7 days before CFU counts. In model 2, the quinolones were added after rifampin had been washed off, whereas in model 3 the quinolones were added to the cultures containing rifampin. In models 1 and 2, ciprofloxacin had the least bactericidal activity, ofloxacin and levofloxacin had greater activities, and moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin had the greatest activities. In model 3, ofloxacin had no detectable activity whereas moxifloxacin killed about log(10) 0.279 CFU of the persisters per ml at concentrations attainable in lesions; isoniazid had virtually no activity. These findings predict that ofloxacin will not be found to have effective sterilizing activity in clinical studies now planned whereas moxifloxacin will be able to shorten treatment.
Travtek evaluation task C3 - Camera car study (1995)

The goal of the TravTek Camera Car Study was to furnish a detailed evaluation of driving and navigation performance, system usability, and safety for the TravTek system. To achieve this goal, an instrumented "camera car" was developed to provide comprehensive driving performance and behavior measurement capability. Six navigation test configurations were evaluated in the camera car study. These included: TravTek route-map display, TravTek route-map display with supplementary voice guidance. . TravTek symbolic guidance-map display. . TravTek symbolic guidance-map display with supplementary voice guidance. . Paper map. . Paper textual direction list. A primary finding of this research was that turn-by-turn guidance information (whether presented verbally, in a textual list or by a graphic display) enhances the performance, usability, and/or safety when compared with alternatives which provide holistic route information. For this study, the TravTek turn-by-turn with voice condition and a paper direction list (with a large legible font and similar in layout to a computer generated list found at some rental-car counters) provided the best overall performance. The TravTek turn-by turn without voice and route-map with voice conditions were comparable in many respects to these conditions, but did not perform as well with respect to driving performance and safety-related driver error. In contrast, the TravTek route-map without voice had the greatest overall impact on the driving task and was the least safe of all the navigation conditions tested. However, these safety differences are mitigated by user experience, and by driver selection of other available options (as shown in other TravTek studies). The paper map control condition was the least usable means of navigation in the study and resulted in substantially worse navigation performance than any other condition.
L-selectin-deficient mice have impaired leukocyte recruitment into inflammatory sites. (1995)

L-selectin, a cell surface adhesion molecule that is expressed by most leukocytes, mediates leukocyte rolling along vascular endothelium at sites of inflammation. The contribution of L-selectin to leukocyte migration in models of chronic inflammation was assessed by using mice that lack cell surface L-selectin expression. Significant inhibition of neutrophil (56-62%), lymphocyte (70-75%), and monocyte (72-78%) migration into an inflamed peritoneum was observed 24 and 48 h after administration of thioglycollate, an inflammatory stimulus. L-selectin-deficient mice were also significantly impaired in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Footpad swelling in response to sheep red blood cell challenge was reduced 75% in L-selectin-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Ear swelling in a model of contact hypersensitivity induced by oxazolone challenge was also reduced by 69% compared to wild-type mice. Consistent with L-selectin-mediating leukocyte migration into diverse vascular beds during inflammation, L-selectin-deficient mice were significantly resistant to death resulting from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced toxic shock. LPS administration resulted in a 90% mortality rate in control mice after 24 h, while there was a 90% survival rate in L-selectin-deficient mice. These results demonstrate that L-selectin plays a prominent role in leukocyte homing to nonlymphoid tissues during inflammation and that blocking this process can be beneficial during pathological inflammatory responses.
ChemInform Abstract: Trinuclear Mixed‐Valence Complexes with the Linear (Rh3)4+ Core. (1989)

Abstract The monocationic Rh3 complexes (Ia) and (Ib) undergo two reversible one electron oxidations at a Pt bead electrode in CH 2 Cl 2 .
Directed evolution of an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen scFv with a 4-day monovalent dissociation half-time at 37 C (2004)

An scFv has been engineered to bind carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with a dissociation half-time >4 days at 37 degrees C. Two mutations responsible for this affinity increase were isolated by screening yeast surface-displayed mutant libraries by flow cytometry. Soluble expression of the mutant scFv in a yeast secretion system was increased 100-fold by screening mutant libraries for improved yeast surface display level. This scFv will be useful as a limiting case for evaluating the significance of affinity in tumor targeting to non-internalizing antigens.
Behavior and neuropsychiatric manifestations in Angelman syndrome (2008)

Angelman syndrome has been suggested as a disease model of neurogenetic developmental condition with a specific behavioral phenotype. It is due to lack of expression of the UBE3A gene, an imprinted gene located on chromosome 15q. Here we review the main features of this phenotype, characterized by happy demeanor with prominent smiling, poorly specific laughing and general exuberance, associated with hypermotor behavior, stereotypies, and reduced behavioral adaptive skills despite proactive social contact. All these phenotypic characteristics are currently difficult to quantify and have been subject to some differences in interpretation. For example, prevalence of autistic disorder is still debated. Many of these features may occur in other syndromic or nonsyndromic forms of severe intellectual disability, but their combination, with particularly prominent laughter and smiling may be specific of Angelman syndrome. Management of problematic behaviors is primarily based on behavioral approaches, though psychoactive medication (eg, neuroleptics or antidepressants) may be required.
Gravitational energy and faulting (1978)

abstract A simple discussion of the energy changes involved in faulting within a self-gravitating body shows that the energy released in faulting is simply ∝ ( p′ ij + p ij /2) u i dS j , where p′ ij is the ambient stress before faulting, p ij and u i are the stress change and displacement associated with faulting and the integral is over the fault surface. This result was obtained earlier by Dahlen. A new expression for the work done against gravity (− ∝ ρ g i u i dv where ρ is density, and g i is the acceleration of gravity, and the integral is over the entire volume of the body) is given in the form of an integral over the fault surface. For dip-slip faulting in the earth, the gravitational energy change may be several orders of magnitude greater than the energy released; that large change in gravitational energy is compensated for by a similar change in stored elastic initial energy. In such cases the energy released is the relatively small difference between large changes in the potential energy of the elastic and gravitational fields, as recognized by Dahlen.
Clinically Feasible Biofilm Susceptibility Assay for Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (2004)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant cause of chronic airway infection in cystic fibrosis (CF). CF airway isolates are often tested for antibiotic susceptibility but are rarely eradicated by the antibiotics identified as potentially effective. The growth state of P. aeruginosa in CF airways is probably different from that exhibited under conventional susceptibility testing conditions and may represent a bacterial biofilm. Biofilm susceptibility testing methods were adapted to create an assay for implementation in a clinical microbiology laboratory. This assay gave reproducible results when examined in 300 paired determinations with 12 antimicrobial agents, with a serious error rate of 5.7%. The biofilm assay was used retrospectively to test these 12 agents against 94 isolates from 41 CF patients. The biofilm inhibitory concentrations (BICs) were much higher than the corresponding conventionally determined MICs for the beta-lactam antibiotics (median values: aztreonam, >128 microg/ml versus 4 microg/ml; ceftazidime, 128 microg/ml versus 2 microg/ml; piperacillin-tazobactam, 256 microg/ml versus 4 microg/ml; and ticarcillin-clavulanate, 512 microg/ml versus 16 microg/ml, respectively) and doxycycline (>64 microg/ml versus 16 microg/ml); and similar for meropenem (4 micro g/ml versus < or = 1 microg/ml), ciprofloxacin (0.5 microg/ml versus 1 microg/ml), and the aminoglycosides amikacin (32 microg/ml versus 16 microg/ml), gentamicin (16 microg/ml versus 8 microg/ml), and tobramycin (4 microg/ml versus 2 microg/ml). The median BIC for azithromycin was 2 microg/ml, whereas isolates were uniformly resistant when tested by standard methods. This demonstrates the feasibility of adapting biofilm susceptibility methods to the clinical microbiology laboratory and opens the way to examining whether biofilm testing might be used to select more effective antibiotic combinations for CF airway infections than methods in current use.
Selective immunosuppression of activated T cells with the chimeric toxin IL-2-PE40. Inhibition of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. (1989)

A characteristic of activated T lymphocytes is the expression of high affinity IL-2R. We studied a new method of selective immunosuppression directed against activated T cells by using a chimeric recombinant protein (IL-2-PE40) composed of IL-2 fused to a modified Pseudomonas exotoxin lacking its cell recognition domain. As a model of T cell-mediated disease, we used experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) produced in Lewis rats by active immunization with the retinal S-Ag. The treatment protocol consisted of i.p. injection of IL-2-PE40 at 0.25 micrograms/g every 12 h. Controls were PBS, PE40, or IL-2-PE40asp553 a mutant form of the molecule with reduced activity. Treatment with IL-2-PE40 resulted in a significant reduction of the incidence and severity of EAU over controls. The analysis of the effect of i.p. injection of IL-2-PE40 on the popliteal draining lymph nodes of immunized animals showed a marked reduction in the lymphocytes content. Transfer experiments demonstrated that IL-2-PE40 prevented the development of EAU effector T cells. Interestingly, although activated B cells were reported to express IL-2R, there was no significant reduction of antibody production against the immunizing Ag under IL-2-PE40 treatment, suggesting sparing of the B cells.
AC instrumentation amplifier for bioimpedance measurements (1993)

We analyze the input impedance and CMRR requirements for an amplifier for bioimpedance measurements when considering the capacitive components of the electrode-skin contact impedance. We describe an ac-coupled instrumentation amplifier (IA) that, in addition to fulfilling those requirements, both provides interference and noise reduction, and yields a zero phase shift over a wide frequency band without using broadband op amps.
[Pre-excitation ventricular syndrome. Syndrome of the additional latent retrograde-conducting ventriculoatrial connection]. (1986)

A new syndrome of ventricular pre-excitation syndrome is differentiated--of additional obscure retrograde conducting ventricular-atrial connection, different from the so far known syndrome of Wolff-Parkinson-White, Lown-Ganong-Levine and syndrome of Mahaim. That is determined by the anatomically confirmed additional connection, conducting only retrogradely from ventricles to auricle. Diagnostic criteria have been developed from the most significant clinical symptoms and electrocardiographic constellations. With the syndrome of additional obscure retrogradely conducting ventricular-atrial connection, a gap is filled with significant diagnostic value, that has given numerous confusions in emergency and applied cardiology. The enrichment of ventricular pre-excitation with a new syndrome makes possible a more precise and correct diagnosis, hence restricting the possibilities of diagnosing of non-existing myocardial disease. Furthermore, the syndrome is of principle importance for the therapeutic behaviour of the disease.
Effect of vagal stimulation and parenteral acetylcholine on canine trachealis muscle shortening (1992)

Canine trachealis smooth muscle shortening (TMS) in response to vagal nerve stimulation is approximately 30%, far less than the 70% predicted from in vitro studies. We hypothesized that in vivo airway smooth muscle activation during vagal stimulation may be submaximal, and in this study we wished to determine TMS during maximal activation. TMS was studied in 12 alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs during vagal stimulation, systemic acetylcholine injection, and local acetylcholine injection. Bilateral vagal stimulation produced TMS of 26 +/- 5% (SE) length at functional residual capacity (LFRC). Maximal TMS during systemic injection of acetylcholine was 28 +/- 12% LFRC but may have been limited by delivery of acetylcholine to the muscle because asystole occurred at higher concentrations. TMS was greatest during local injection of acetylcholine (48 +/- 7% LFRC). There was a greater increase in pulmonary resistance and decrease in dynamic compliance during systemic acetylcholine injection than during vagal stimulation. We conclude that bilateral vagal nerve stimulation does not maximally activate trachealis smooth muscle but that the maximal shortening achieved with local injection of acetylcholine is still less than isotonic shortening in vitro. These data suggest that maximal shortening in vivo is limited by the afterload provided by the tracheal cartilaginous rings.
Nucleolin Regulates Gene Expression in CD34-positive Hematopoietic Cells (2007)

CD34 glycoprotein in human hematopoiesis is expressed on a subset of progenitor cells capable of self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and hematopoietic reconstitution. Nucleolin is an abundant multifunctional phosphoprotein of growing eukaryotic cells, involved in regulation of gene transcription, chromatin remodeling, and RNA metabolism, whose transcripts are enriched in murine hematopoietic stem cells, as opposed to differentiated tissue. Here we show that, in human CD34-positive hematopoietic cells, nucleolin activates endogenous CD34 and Bcl-2 gene expression, and cell surface CD34 protein expression is thereby enhanced by nucleolin. Nucleolin-mediated activation of CD34 gene transcription results from direct sequence-specific interactions with the CD34 promoter region. Nucleolin expression prevails in CD34-positive cells mobilized into peripheral blood (PB), as opposed to CD34-negative peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Therefore, in intact CD34-positive mobilized PB cells, a recruitment of nucleolin to the CD34 promoter region takes place, accompanied by nucleosomal determinants of gene activity, which are absent from the CD34 promoter region in CD34-negative PBMCs. Our data show that nucleolin acts as a component of the gene regulation program of CD34-positive hematopoietic cells and provide further insights into processes by which human CD34-positive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells are maintained.
Alkyl and Aryl Thiolsulfonates (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkyl and Aryl ThiolsulfonatesJames P. Weidner and Seymour S. BlockCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 5, 671–673Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00335a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00335a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views366Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Complete genomic screen in late-onset familial Alzheimer disease. Evidence for a new locus on chromosome 12. (1997)

A complete genomic screen in families affected with late-onset AD identified 4 regions of interest after follow-up. Chromosome 12 gave the strongest and most consistent results with a peak multipoint MLS of 3.5, suggesting that this region contains a new susceptibility gene for AD. Additional analyses are necessary to identify the chromosome 12 susceptibility gene for AD and to follow up the regions of interest on chromosomes 4, 6, and 20.
Modeling Multicomponent Diffusion and Convection in Porous Media (2000)

Summary Numerical investigations of diffusion and convection in multicomponent hydrocarbon mixtures in two-dimensional (2D) crosssectional (x,z) porous media are performed using the finite-volume method. Spatial discretization is performed by a second-order centered scheme. It is shown that methane, unlike in binary hydrocarbons where it often segregates towards the bottom-hot side of the porous media, may be at higher concentration at the cold-top side in ternary mixtures and in multicomponent reservoir fluids. This behavior, which is consistent with oilfield data, is due to competing diffusion mechanisms which have not been properly accounted for in the past. It is also demonstrated that convection may significantly affect the compositional variation in some hydrocarbon reservoirs. Depending on fluid mixtures, a weak convection may drastically change compositional variation.
ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS: The Taylor-Melcher Leaky Dielectric Model (1997)

▪ Abstract Electrohydrodynamics deals with fluid motion induced by electric fields. In the mid 1960s GI Taylor introduced the leaky dielectric model to explain the behavior of droplets deformed by a steady field, and JR Melcher used it extensively to develop electrohydrodynamics. This review deals with the foundations of the leaky dielectric model and experimental tests designed to probe its usefulness. Although the early experimental studies supported the qualitative features of the model, quantitative agreement was poor. Recent studies are in better agreement with the theory. Even though the model was originally intended to deal with sharp interfaces, contemporary studies with suspensions also agree with the theory. Clearly the leaky dielectric model is more general than originally envisioned.