gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus Load by Using a Real-Time PCR Assay (1999)

To measure the virus load in patients with symptomatic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, we used a real-time PCR assay to quantify the amount of EBV DNA in blood. The real-time PCR assay could detect from 2 to over 10(7) copies of EBV DNA with a wide linear range. We estimated the virus load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from patients with symptomatic EBV infections. The mean EBV-DNA copy number in the PBMNC was 10(3.7) copies/microg of DNA in patients with EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorders, 10(4.1) copies/microg of DNA in patients with chronic active EBV infections, and 10(2.2) copies/microg of DNA in patients with infectious mononucleosis. These numbers were significantly larger than those in either posttransplant patients or immunocompetent control patients without EBV-related diseases. In a patient with infectious mononucleosis, the virus load decreased as the symptoms resolved. The copy number of EBV DNA in PBMNC from symptomatic EBV infections was correlated with the EBV-positive cell number determined by the in situ hybridization assay (r = 0.842; P < 0.0001). These results indicate that the real-time PCR assay is useful for diagnosing symptomatic EBV infection and for monitoring the virus load.
Bipolar localization of a chromosome partition protein in Bacillus subtilis (1997)

We have determined the subcellular localization of the chromosome partition protein Spo0J of Bacillus subtilis by immunofluorescence microscopy and visualizing fluorescence of a Spo0J-GFP fusion protein. Spo0J was associated with a region of the nucleoid proximal to the cell pole, both in growing cells dividing symmetrically and in sporulating cells dividing asymmetrically. Additional experiments indicated that Spo0J was bound to sites in the origin-proximal third of the chromosome. These results show that the replicating chromosomes are oriented in a specific manner during the division cycle, with the Spo0J binding region positioned toward the cell poles. Experiments characterizing cells at different stages of the cell cycle showed that chromosome orientation is established prior to the initiation of cell division. Our results indicate that there is a mechanism for orienting the chromosomes and that the chromosome partition protein Spo0J might be part of a bacterial mitotic-like apparatus.
Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinases: Design of a Bifunctional Inhibitor for Presentation by Tumour‐Associated Galectins (2012)

A new strategy to exploit galectin presence to target matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is presented. A bifunctional conjugate with lactose and an inhibitor for MMPs is able to bind MMP and Gal-3 simultaneously. This compound might allow the lectin to attract the MMP inhibitor to the tumour site and to block protumoural activities of the lectin at the same time.
Generation of CTL Recognizing an HLA-A*0201-Restricted Epitope Shared by MAGE-A1, -A2, -A3, -A4, -A6, -A10, and -A12 Tumor Antigens: Implication in a Broad-Spectrum Tumor Immunotherapy (2002)

MAGE-A1, -A2, -A3, -A4, -A6, -A10, and -A12 are expressed in a significant proportion of primary and metastatic tumors of various histological types and are targets of tumor Ag-specific CTL. Individual MAGE-A expression varies from one tumor type to the other but, overall, the large majority of tumors expresses at least one MAGE-A Ag. Therefore, targeting epitopes shared by all MAGE-A Ags would be of interest in immunotherapy against a broad spectrum of cancers. In the present study, we describe a heteroclitic MAGE-A peptide (p248V9) that induces CTL in vivo in HLA-A*0201 transgenic HHD mice and in vitro in healthy donors. These CTL are able to recognize two low HLA-A*0201 affinity peptides differing at their C-terminal position and derived from MAGE-A2, -A3, -A4, -A6, -A10, and -A12 (p248G9) and MAGE-A1 (p248D9). Interestingly, p248V9-specific CTL respond to endogenous MAGE-A1, -A2, -A3, -A4, -A6, -A10, and -A12 in an HLA-A*0201-restricted manner and recognize human HLA-A*0201(+)MAGE-A(+) tumor cells of various histological origin. Therefore, this heteroclitic peptide may be considered as a potent candidate for a broad-spectrum tumor vaccination.
Active Notch1 Confers a Transformed Phenotype to Primary Human Melanocytes (2009)

The importance of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in melanoma is underscored by the prevalence of activating mutations in N-Ras and B-Raf, yet clinical development of inhibitors of this pathway has been largely ineffective, suggesting that alternative oncogenes may also promote melanoma. Notch is an interesting candidate that has only been correlated with melanoma development and progression; a thorough assessment of tumor-initiating effects of activated Notch on human melanocytes would clarify the mounting correlative evidence and perhaps identify a novel target for an otherwise untreatable disease. Analysis of a substantial panel of cell lines and patient lesions showed that Notch activity is significantly higher in melanomas than their nontransformed counterparts. The use of a constitutively active, truncated Notch transgene construct (N(IC)) was exploited to determine if Notch activation is a "driving" event in melanocytic transformation or instead a "passenger" event associated with melanoma progression. N(IC)-infected melanocytes displayed increased proliferative capacity and biological features more reminiscent of melanoma, such as dysregulated cell adhesion and migration. Gene expression analyses supported these observations and aided in the identification of MCAM, an adhesion molecule associated with acquisition of the malignant phenotype, as a direct target of Notch transactivation. N(IC)-positive melanocytes grew at clonal density, proliferated in limiting media conditions, and also exhibited anchorage-independent growth, suggesting that Notch alone is a transforming oncogene in human melanocytes, a phenomenon not previously described for any melanoma oncogene. This new information yields valuable insight into the basic epidemiology of melanoma and launches a realm of possibilities for drug intervention in this deadly disease.
Influence of oxygen concentration in sputtering gas on piezoelectric response of aluminum nitride thin films (2008)

The authors have investigated the influence of oxygen concentration in sputtering gas on the piezoelectric response of aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films prepared on silicon substrates. The piezoelectric response strongly depends on the oxygen concentration, and changes from +6.8to−7.0pC∕N with increasing oxygen concentration from 0% to 1.2%. The polar direction drastically inverts from the Al polarity to N polarity. When the oxygen concentration in sputtering gas was 1.2%, the oxygen concentration in the AlN films was 7at.%. Furthermore, the growth rate of the AlN films gradually decreases with increasing oxygen concentration in sputtering gas.
Experimental assessment of the pathogenicity of eight avian influenza a viruses of H5 subtype for chickens, turkeys, ducks and quail (1986)

Clinical signs, death, virus excretion and immune response were measured in 2-week-old chickens, turkeys, quail and ducks infected by intramuscular, intranasal and contact routes with eight influenza viruses of H5 subtype. Six of the viruses: A/chicken/Scotland/59 (H5N1), ck/Scot; A/tern/South Africa/61 (H5N3), tern/SA; A/turkey/Ontario/ 7732/66 (H5N9); ty/Ont; A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 (H5N2); Pa/1370; A/turkey/Ireland/83 (H5N8); ty/Ireland, and A/duck/Ireland/ 113/84 (HSN8); dk/Ireland, were highly pathogenic for chickens and turkeys. Two viruses, A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1/83 (H5N2), Pa/1 and A/turkey/Italy/ZA/80 (H5N2), ty/Italy, were of low pathogenicity. Ck/Scot was more pathogenic for chickens than turkeys while ty/Ont was more pathogenic for turkeys than chickens. Other viruses showed little difference in their pathogenicity for these two hosts. No clinical signs or deaths were seen in any of the infected ducks. Only two viruses, dk/Ireland and ty/Ireland, produced consistent serological responses in ducks, although intramuscular infection with tern/SA and ty/Italy resulted in some ducks with positive HI titres. These four were the only viruses reisolated from ducks. Quail showed some resistance to viruses which were highly pathogenic for chickens and turkeys, most notably to ck/Scot and ty/Ont and to a lesser extent tern/SA and Pa/1370. Transmission of virus from intranasally infected birds to birds placed in contact varied considerably with both host and infecting virus and the various combinations of these.
POLLEN WALL AND APERTURE DEVELOPMENT IN HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (COMPOSITAE: HELIANTHEAE) (1978)

Wall development of tricolpate pollen of sunflower was studied by light and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The wall and colpi are initiated during the tetrad stage, producing a young, spinulate, two‐layered exine (ektexine and endexine) separated by a “spacer layer.” After release from the tetrads, the individual microspores round up and enlarge. The exine layers increase in thickness and complexity from sporopollenin contributed by the tapetum and microspores. During the mid‐vacuolate microspore stage, the tapetum becomes plasmodial and surrounds the developing microspores. At the vacuolate pollen stage, after the wall and colpi are completely formed, the plasmodial tapetum breaks down and releases its contents into the locule. Some of the contents are presumably utilized by the pollen to make storage reserves while other components, such as lipids and proteins, fill the spaces within the pollen wall exine. Pollen wall ontogeny provides a scheme of terms for mature composite walls in general. The various events associated with microsporogenesis in sunflower are compared with those reported in other pertinent studies.
Tracking the Response of Natural Killer T Cells to a Glycolipid Antigen Using Cd1d Tetramers (2000)

A major group of natural killer (NK) T cells express an invariant Valpha14(+) T cell receptor (TCR) specific for the lipoglycan alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), which is presented by CD1d. These cells may have an important immune regulatory function, but an understanding of their biology has been hampered by the lack of suitable reagents for tracking them in vivo. Here we show that tetramers of mouse CD1d loaded with alpha-GalCer are a sensitive and highly specific reagent for identifying Valpha14(+) NK T cells. Using these tetramers, we find that alpha-GalCer-specific T lymphocytes are more widely distributed than was previously appreciated, with populations of largely NK1.1(-) but tetramer-binding T cells present in the lymph nodes and the intestine. Injection of alpha-GalCer leads to the production of both interferon gamma and interleukin 4 by nearly all NK T cells in the liver and the majority of the spleen within 2 h. These cells mostly disappear by 5 h, and they do not reappear after 1 wk. Curiously, tetramer-positive thymocytes do not rapidly synthesize cytokines, nor do they undergo decreases in cell number after lipid antigen stimulation, although they express equivalent TCR levels. In summary, the data presented here demonstrate that alpha-GalCer-specific NK T cells undergo a unique and highly compartmentalized response to antigenic stimulation.
Mode selection in high power cladding pumped fibre lasers with tapered section (2003)

Summary form only given. Cladding pumped fibre lasers are undoubtedly becoming the most attractive source of high power radiation in the near IR region. The small overlap between the pump and the rare-earth-doped core leads to a small pump absorption, e.g., 1 dB/m. Larger core and absorption is often desirable, especially if (transversally) single-mode operation can be maintained. Thus, single-mode operation following selective excitation of the fundamental mode of large-core multimode fiber amplifiers was recently demonstrated in short fibres. In this paper, we use a simple fiber taper inside a laser cavity with a multimode gain fibre to suppress higher-order modes.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin for treatment of relapsing/refractory acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (2006)

16531 Background: Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is a calicheamicin-conjugated anti-CD 33 monoclonal antibody studied and utilized in relapsed and refractory acute myelogenous leukemia. Methods: At our center we treated a series of refractory patients (&lt;60 years old) and relapsed patients (&gt;60 years old) with gemtuzumab ozogamicin over a 3 year period. We treated 20 patients: 14 males and 6 females with an age range of 21 to 77 years (median 64 years). Seven patients were refractory to multiple regimens (&lt;60 years old) and 13 were relapsing from initial therapy (&gt;60 years old). Cytogenetic analysis revealed 60% were intermediate-risk and 40% were poor-risk. The goal of therapy was complete remission (≤ 5% leukemia blast cells in the marrow. ≥ 9 g/dl hemoglobin, ≥1500/ul absolute neutrophil count, and platelet count ≥100,000/ul). Patients received gemtuzumab ozogamicin 9 mg/m 2 I.V. days 1 and 5. All patients received at least one dose. Patients achieving complete remission were eligible to receive monthly doses of gemtuzumab ozogamicin after complete remission was obtained. Results: Of the 7 refractory patients (&lt;60 years old), there were no complete remissions. Of 13 relapsing patients (&gt;60 years old) there were 2 complete remissions. One patient was 64 and the other 67 years old. Both remissions lasted 2 months. All patients were treated in the hospital. Chills/fever with treatment occurred in 40% of patients. Fever/neutropenia was universal. Thirty percent had elevation of liver function tests. Conclusions: Gemtuzumab ozogamicin as a single agent is capable of producing complete remission in a small number of relapsing patients &gt;60 years old. Remissions are short. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effects of one year of supplementation with zinc and other micronutrients on cellular immunity in the elderly. (1990)

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a year of Zn supplementation on Zn concentrations in circulating cells and on cellular immune functions in the elderly. Subjects, aged 60-89, were given a placebo, 15 mg Zn, or 100 mg Zn daily for 12 months. All subjects also received a multivitamin/mineral supplement that contained no additional Zn. Blood samples were drawn and immune functions assessed prior to and at 3, 6, 12, and 16 months after beginning Zn supplementation. Subject diets were also assessed at each visit. Dietary folate, pyridoxine, alpha-tocopherol, copper, zinc, and magnesium were consistently below recommended intakes. Although plasma Zn increased significantly in the 100 mg Zn treatment group, concentrations of Zn in erythrocytes, mononuclear cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and platelets were not significantly increased by zinc supplementation. Natural killer cell activity was transiently enhanced by the 100 mg/day dose of Zn. There was a progressive improvement in delayed dermal hypersensitivity (DDH) and in lymphocyte proliferative responses to two mitogens; this may have been due to one or more components of the multivitamin/mineral supplement administered to all study subjects. The enhancement of DDH was significantly greater in the placebo group than in either zinc treatment group. Thus, zinc had a beneficial effect on one measure of cellular immune function while simultaneously having an adverse effect on another measure of cellular immunity.
Design and Marketing of New Products (Разработка и маркетинг новых продуктов) (1993)

Урбан и Хаузер – профессора Массачусетского Технологического Института. Книга Урбана и Хаузера превосходно соединяет теорию и практику, освещая значительное количество вопросов, связанных с разработкой новых продуктов. Сила книги состоит в концептуально- привлекательной декомпозиции процесса разработки новых продуктов на элементы и структуризации излагаемого материала вокруг этих элементов: 1. исследование и идентификация новых возможностей (opportunity identification), 2. процесс конструирования продукта(design process), 3. тестирование и совершенствование новых продуктов (testing and improvement), 4. выведение нового продукта на рынок (product introduction), 5. внедрение процесса разработки новых продуктов (implementation of the new product development process). Хотя в книге нет руководящей концептуальной основы, как в книге Moore and Pessemier, однако изложение включает интересное обсуждение различных практических вопросов. В частности, в книге уделяется значительное внимание вопросам внедрения и организационной структуры, необходимой для успешной разработки продуктов. Книга содержит подробное описание методов измерения и моделирования, связанных с разработкой новых продуктов, и будет очень полезна для человека, желающего в подробностях изучить исследовательские методы. Поэтому книга будет очень ценным ресурсом для всех, интересующихся исследовательскими методами по разработке новых продуктов, хотя временами изложение слишком пространное и носит энциклопедический характер. Книга будет полезной для нескольких категорий читателей: для студентов, аналитиков и менеджеров-практиков. Для аналитиков будет весьма полезным детальное обсуждение применения исследовательских методов в практических ситуациях. Менеджеры, управляющие внедрением новых продуктов, найдут полезным обсуждение целого ряда вопросов, полезных при формулировании стратегии: например, факторы успеха и причины неудач новых продуктов. Для менеджеров также будут весьма полезны главы, описывающие стратегический подход к созданию новых продуктов. Хотя книга интегрирует маркетинговый, инженерный и финансовый подходы, но основное внимание уделяется маркетинговым вопросам. Подробно рассматриваются вопросы удовлетворенности покупателей. Подробный разбор нескольких кейсов будет весьма полезен как для студентов, так и для практиков. Уникальная черта данной книги – описание методов ускорения информации (information acceleration methods) для оценки категорий новых продуктов, на разработку и усвоение которых обычно уходит значительное время, как у фирм-производителей, так и у покупателей (например, автомобили или некоторые промышленные изделия). Статья Urban, Weinberg, and Hauser (1996) более подробно описывает эту новую систему измерения и пример ее применения для прогнозирования реакции покупателей на новую модель электромобиля.
Human carbonic anhydrase XII: cDNA cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of a carbonic anhydrase gene that is overexpressed in some renal cell cancers (1998)

We report the cloning and characterization of a tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase (CA) that was identified in a human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by serological expression screening with autologous antibodies. The cDNA sequence predicts a 354-amino acid polypeptide with a molecular mass of 39,448 Da that has features of a type I membrane protein. The predicted sequence includes a 29-amino acid signal sequence, a 261-amino acid CA domain, an additional short extracellular segment, a 26-amino acid hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and a hydrophilic C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of 29 amino acids that contains two potential phosphorylation sites. The extracellular CA domain shows 30-42% homology with known human CAs, contains all three Zn-binding histidine residues found in active CAs, and contains two potential sites for asparagine glycosylation. When expressed in COS cells, the cDNA produced a 43- to 44-kDa protein in membranes that had around one-sixth the CA activity of membranes from COS cells transfected with the same vector expressing bovine CA IV. We have designated this human protein CA XII. Northern blot analysis of normal tissues demonstrated a 4.5-kb transcript only in kidney and intestine. However, in 10% of patients with RCC, the CA XII transcript was expressed at much higher levels in the RCC than in surrounding normal kidney tissue. The CA XII gene was mapped by using fluorescence in situ hybridization to 15q22. CA XII is the second catalytically active membrane CA reported to be overexpressed in certain cancers. Its relationship to oncogenesis and its potential as a clinically useful tumor marker clearly merit further investigation.
Sustained release and enteric coated NSAIDs: are they really GI safe? (2000)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have commonly been associated with upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract side effects including a high incidence of gastric and duodenal ulceration. Recent reports implicate NSAID use and mucosal injury in the small and large intestine. A trend in NSAID development has been an attempt to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce the severity of upper GI side effects through modified release dosage forms of NSAIDs such as enteric-coating (EC) or sustained release (SR) formulations. It is possible that modified release formulations may increase the exposure of active drug to the mucosa distally to the duodenal bulb, and thereby increase toxicity to distal GI regions where the effects are difficult to monitor. A systematic literature review through Medline, Embase, and Index Medicus was made to identify toxicological effects induced by modified release formulations of NSAIDs in the small and large intestine. An analysis of the identified toxicological effects of these formulations was made. SR and EC NSAID use has been associated with both small and large intestinal bleeding, anaemia, strictures, ulcerations, perforations, and death. Modified release NSAIDs may cause significant morbidity in some patients. NSAID modified release delivery systems are not guarantors of GI safety. Since SR and EC NSAIDs are widely prescribed and some EC products are available without a prescription, heightened awareness of these toxicological manifestations in more distal sites of the GI tact may reduce morbidity.
Positive and Negative Modulation of Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (2008)

A discriminating pharmacophore model for noncompetitive metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists of subtype 1 (mGluR1) was developed that facilitated the discovery of moderately active mGluR1 antagonists. One scaffold was selected for the design of several focused libraries where different substitution patterns were introduced. This approach facilitated the discovery of potent mGluR1 antagonists, as well as positive and negative mGluR5 modulators, because both receptor subtypes share similar binding pockets. For mGluR1 antagonists, a homology model of the mGlu1 receptor was established, and a putative binding mode within the receptor's transmembrane domain was visualized.
A Short and Concise Synthesis of Guanidines (1997)

A facile high yielding process of guanidines is reported by reaction of amine nucleophiles on the oxidised thioureas in an aqueous medium using the unexploited reagents sodium chlorite and sodium metaperiodate for the oxidation of 1,3-disubstituted thioureas.
The Content-MD5 Header Field (1993)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please
Direct RF Signal Processing For Heart-Rate Monitoring Using UWB Impulse Radar (2018)

In this paper, we propose a new signal processing method for continuous heart-rate (HR) monitoring using ultra-wide band (UWB) impulse radar. Since the radar sensor is able to directly sample the received signal at RF satisfying the Nyquist sampling rate, the vital information is preserved in the received signal. We show that mathematically the vital signs can be extracted directly from the raw RF signal and thus the down conversion to the complex baseband is optional. Finally, we demonstrate the HR monitoring performance from the proposed direct RF signal processing technique by comparing against the existing methods using the complex baseband signal.