gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interferon-responsive regulatory elements in the promoter of the human 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase gene. (1987)

The interferon (IFN)-activated human 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase E gene contains 11 RNA starts and lacks TATA and CAAT signals. DNA sequences around the promoter make the expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (CAT) inducible over 20-fold by IFN. A 72-base-pair segment (E-IRS) immediately upstream of the RNA starts was defined as being required for IFN-activated expression of the E-gene promoter-CAT constructs and acts in a position-independent manner. It also confers IFN-activated enhancement to the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter. On this promoter, the 5' part of the E-IRS functions as a constitutive enhancer, while the last 16 base pairs of the E-IRS is sufficient to give IFN-induced expression. On the E-gene promoter, the constitutive enhancer and the IFN-activated sequence are both needed but can be separated. In addition, promoter competition experiments indicate a third regulatory region which helps to repress expression of the E gene in uninduced cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperones GRP78 and Calreticulin Prevent Oxidative Stress, Ca2+ Disturbances, and Cell Death in Renal Epithelial Cells (1997)

Activation of stress response genes can impart cellular tolerance to environmental stress. Iodoacetamide (IDAM) is an alkylating toxicant that up-regulates expression of hsp70 (Liu, H., Lightfoot, D. L., and Stevens, J. L. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 4805-4812) and grp78 in LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells. Therefore, we used IDAM to determine the role of these genes in tolerance to toxic chemicals. Prior heat shock did not protect cells from IDAM but pretreatment with trans-4,5-dihydroxy-1,2-dithiane (DTTox), thapsigargin, or tunicamycin enhanced expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones GRP78 and GRP94 and rendered cells tolerant to IDAM. Cells expressing a 524-base pair antisense grp78 fragment (pkASgrp78) had a diminished capacity to up-regulate grp78 and grp94 expression after ER stress. Protection against IDAM due to prior ER stress was also attenuated in pkASgrp78 cells suggesting that ER chaperones of the GRP family are critical for tolerance. Covalent binding of IDAM to cellular macromolecules and depletion of cellular thiols was similar in tolerant and naïve cells. However, DTTox pretreatment blocked the increases in cellular Ca2+ and lipid peroxidation observed after IDAM treatment. Overexpressing the ER Ca2+-binding protein calreticulin prevented IDAM-induced cell death, the rise in cytosolic Ca2+, and oxidative stress. Although activation of the ER stress response did not prevent toxicity due to Ca2+ influx, EGTA-AM and ruthenium red both blocked cell death suggesting that redistribution of intracellular Ca2+ to the mitochondria may be important in toxicity. The data support a model in which induction of ER stress proteins prevents disturbances of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, thus uncoupling toxicant exposure from oxidative stress and cell death. Multiple ER stress proteins are likely to be involved in this tolerance response.
Establishment of an in vitro culture system for chicken preblastodermal cells (2006)

To develop an alternative source for chicken pluripotent cells, we examined (1) whether undifferentiated preblastodermal cells could be subcultured in vitro for an extended period and (2) how subculturing affected the physiological properties of preblastodermal cells. The average number of preblastodermal cells was 2,397 in stage V embryos and 36,345 in stage VII embryos; stage X embryos had an average of 53,857 blastodermal cells. The average cell size decreased significantly (70.63-18.83 microm in diameter; P < 0.0001) as the embryo grew; this was closely related to a reduction in the size and number of lipid vesicles in the cell cytoplasm. The culture conditions were optimized for the stage V preblastodermal cells and the control stage X blastodermal cells. On STO feeder cells, the preblastodermal cells achieved stable growth in vitro only in HES medium or a mixed medium of the Knockout DMEM and HES media. However, more than 10 passages of preblastodermal cells at intervals of 3-4 days was possible only by using the Knockout/HES mixed medium and BRL cell-conditioned HES medium for the primary cultures and subcultures, respectively. Colony-forming preblastodermal cells had well-delineated cytoplasm, which was positively stained for stem cell-specific markers by anti-stage-specific embryo antigen-1 antibody, periodic acid-Schiff's solution, and alkaline phosphatase. When preblastodermal cells with or without culturing were transferred into the blastodermal cavity of stage X embryos, only in vitro-cultured preblastodermal cells at stage V (4/5 = 80%) and stage VII (2/8 = 25%) induced somatic chimerism in recipient chickens. In conclusion, undifferentiated preblastodermal cells could be subcultured, and only the colony-forming preblastodermal cells that stained positively for stem cell markers could induce somatic chimerism.
Silicon photonic crystal nanostructures for refractive index sensing (2008)

The authors present the fabrication and optical investigation of silicon on insulator photonic crystal drop filters for use as refractive index sensors. Two types of defect nanocavities (L3 and H1−r) are embedded between two W1 photonic crystal waveguides to evanescently route light at the cavity mode frequency between input and output waveguides. Optical characterization of the structures in air and various liquids demonstrates detectivities in excess of Δn/n=0.018 and Δn/n=0.006 for the H1−r and L3 cavities, respectively. The measured cavity frequencies and detector refractive index responsivities are in good agreement with simulations, demonstrating that the method provides a background free transducer signal with frequency selective addressing of a specific area of the sensor chip.
A 20 dBm Fully-Integrated 60 GHz SiGe Power Amplifier With Automatic Level Control (2007)

A + 20 dBm power amplifier (PA) for applications in the 60 GHz industrial scientific medical (ISM) band is presented. The PA is fabricated in a 0.13-mum SiGe BiCMOS process technology and features a fully-integrated on-chip RMS power detector for automatic level control (ALC), built-in self test and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) protection. The single-stage push-pull amplifier uses center-tapped microstrips for a highly efficient and compact layout with a core area of 0.075 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The PA can deliver up to 20 dBm, which to date, is the highest reported output power at mm-wave frequencies in silicon without the need for power combining. At 60 GHz it achieves a peak power gain of 18 dB, a 1-dB compression (P1dB) of 13.1 dBm, and a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 12.7%. The amplifier is programmable through a three-wire serial digital interface enabeling an adaptive bias control from a 4-V supply.
Reactions to Total Dose Infusion of Iron Dextran in Rheumatoid Arthritis (1970)

Ten patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were given a total dose infusion of iron dextran for anaemia. One had an immediate anaphylactoid reaction; the other nine had a brief exacerbation of arthralgia and joint dysfunction of up to seven days' duration. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate rose by an average of 23 mm. in one hour (Westergren), but this often took longer than seven days to settle to the preinfusion level.It is suggested that this response is probably not due to an exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis but to a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the dextran portion of the iron dextran complex. This treatment is potentially dangerous in rheumatoid arthritis; we recommend a preliminary test dose and that the infusion be started very slowly under supervision.
Hydrolysis of Substituted 1,3,2-Dioxaborolanes and an Asymmetric Synthesis of a Differentially Protected syn,syn-3-Methyl-2,4-hexanediol (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTHydrolysis of Substituted 1,3,2-Dioxaborolanes and an Asymmetric Synthesis of a Differentially Protected syn,syn-3-Methyl-2,4-hexanediolDonald S. Matteson and Hon-Wah ManView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 17, 6047–6051Publication Date (Web):August 23, 1996Publication History Received15 April 1996Published online23 August 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo960684mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo960684mbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1872Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Diols,Hydrolysis,Organic compounds,Sodium Get e-Alerts
The murine neutrophil-chemoattractant chemokines LIX, KC, and MIP-2 have distinct induction kinetics, tissue distributions, and tissue-specific sensitivities to glucocorticoid regulation in endotoxemia (1998)

Lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine (LIX) is a novel murine neutrophil-chemoattractant CXC chemokine cloned as a glucocorticoid-attenuated response gene. We investigated LIX message expression in an acute endotoxemia model. LIX message peaks later than KC or macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and remains elevated longer in almost all tissues. Induced LIX message expression in heart is 5- to 6-fold greater than in lung and spleen, and 20-fold greater than in liver. In contrast, KC expression is equal in heart, lung, and liver, whereas MIP-2 expression is strongest in the lung. Glucocorticoid regulation of these genes also differs. Endotoxemia-induced LIX message expression in the lung is markedly enhanced in adrenalectomized mice and strongly attenuated by dexamethasone, whereas lung KC and MIP-2 expression are unaffected by glucocorticoids. It is surprising to note that endotoxemia-induced brain expression of LIX (but not KC or MIP-2) is increased by dexamethasone. These observations suggest that LIX may have biological roles distinct from KC and MIP-2.
Excipient Toxicity and Safety (1999)

This book reviews the history, regulatory status, pharmacopeial specifications, and harmonization of pharmaceutical excipients in the United States and Europe, and provides a comprehensive understanding of the current scientific basis for safety evaluation and risk assessment.Examines excipients as a unique class of products and explores new pr
Lack of Detectable Reverse Transcriptase Activity in Human and Chimpanzee Sera with a High Infectivity for Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis (1986)

A serum sample from a patient with hepatitis and samples from two experimentally infected chimpanzees, all with a high infectivity for non-A, non-B hepatitis, were tested for reverse transcriptase. Biopsy confirmed that the hepatocytes of the chimpanzees that received these sera contained the characteristic tubular structures associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis. None of these three sera revealed detectable enzyme activity. We have not been able to confirm the association of reverse transcriptase activity with non-A, non-B hepatitis reported recently.
Phenotyping and genotyping of intact cells (1992)

Molecular techniques laboratory medicine, James O'D. McGee immunochemistry for light microscopy, Andrew R. Heryet and Kevin C. Gatter electron microscopical immunocytochemistry, Susan Van Noorden et al principles and basic methodology of DNA/RNA detection by in situ hybridization, C. Simon Herrington and James O'D. McGee viral gene detection by in situ hybridization, Stina M. Syrjanen interphase cytogenetics - an approach to the detection of genetic aberrations tumours, Anton H.N. Hopman et al isotopic localization of cellular mRNA clinical material using RNA probes, Q.A. Hamid mRNA detection clinical samples by non-isotopic in situ hybridization, Eric P.-H. Yap et al in situ hybridization diagnostic cytopathology, C.Simon Herrington and James O'D. McGee nucleolar organizer regions and fibrillar centres, John Crocker flow cytometry clinical pathology, Richard S. Camplejohn list of contents of Volume II.
High-throughput diversity and functionality analysis of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota (2008)

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota plays a pivotal role in our health. For more than a decade a major input for describing the diversity of the GI tract microbiota has been derived from the application of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA)-based technologies. These not only provided a phylogenetic framework of the GI tract microbiota, the majority of which has not yet been cultured, but also advanced insights into the impact of host and environmental factors on the microbiota community structure and dynamics. In addition, it emerged that GI tract microbial communities are host and GI tract location-specific. This complicates establishing relevant links between the host's health and the presence or abundance of specific microbial populations and argues for the implementation of novel high-throughput technologies in studying the diversity and functionality of the GI tract microbiota. Here, we focus on the recent developments and applications of phylogenetic microarrays based on SSU rRNA sequences and metagenomics approaches exploiting rapid sequencing technologies in unravelling the secrets of our GI tract microbiota.
Tunable plasmonic metamaterial based on transparent conducting oxide (2014)

We explore tunable plasmonic metamaterials for electro-optic modulator applications based on ITO-based multilayer structures. Two different structures are investigated, and modulation depth up to 38.8% can be achieved. Preliminary results are presented for the real time response of an ITO/electrolyte gel/doped Si modulator. Furthermore, another modulator configuration is investigated by substituting electrolyte gel by high-k dielectric material (HfO<sub>2</sub>).
Uveoretinitis and pinealitis induced by immunization with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. (1986)

Rats immunized with microgram amounts of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), a glycoprotein which localizes specifically in the eye and pineal gland, developed uveoretinitis and pinealitis. The severity and onset of changes were found to be dose-related and to be enhanced by B. pertussis bacteria. In general, the inflammatory changes induced by IRBP resembled those provoked by S-antigen (S-Ag), but significant differences were noted between the two diseases. The possible usefulness of the new experimental autoimmune disease is discussed.
Gene therapy for colorectal cancer using adenovirus-mediated full-length antibody, cetuximab (2016)

Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody, approved to treat patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for years. It functions by blocking the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) from receiving signals or interacting with other proteins. Although the demand for cetuximab for the treatment of cancer patients in clinics is increasing, the complicated techniques involved and its high cost limit its wide applications. Here, a new, cheaper form of cetuximab was generated for cancer gene therapy. This was achieved by cloning the full-length cetuximab antibody into two serotypes of adenoviral vectors, termed as AdC68-CTB and Hu5-CTB. In vivo studies showed that a single dose of AdC68-CTB or Hu5-CTB induced sustained cetuximab expression and dramatically suppressed tumor growth in NCI-H508- or DiFi-inoculated nude mice. In conclusion, gene therapy using adenovirus expressing full-length cetuximab could be a novel alternative method for the effective treatment of colorectal cancer.
Assessment of Indoor Magnetic Field Anomalies using Multiple Magnetometers (2010)

Determining orientation with respect to a known reference plays an important role in almost all modes of navigation. With the advancements in silicon chip fabrication, magnetic field can now be sensed using low cost, low power and very small sensors commonly known as magnetometers. These sensors have found their way in portable navigation devices due to their ever decreasing power consumption, size and cost and hence their applications for orientation estimation in different environments are being sought. The success of these sensors for orientation estimation is conditioned by their capacity to sense the Earth’s magnetic field in environments containing magnetic anomalies. Indeed the sources of magnetic field in manmade surroundings are numerous. Electronic devices, ferrous materials, mechanical and electrical infrastructures are such examples. These artificial fields contaminate the Earth’s magnetic field measurements and render them useless in heavily perturbed areas like indoor environments. Consequently, the magnetic field measured by the sensors needs to be compensated for these perturbations in order to estimate the true Earth’s magnetic field. To overcome these difficulties, the use of a Multiple Magnetometer Platform (MMP) is proposed and tested. The indoor magnetic field is modeled and the effects of perturbations are analyzed. Based on this model and the MMP, a perturbation detector and an Earth’s magnetic field estimator are proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms are capable of identifying and removing the effects of perturbations on Earth’s magnetic field measurement, which provides users with a better estimate of magnetic heading indoor.
Manipulation and capture of Aβ amyloid fibrils and monomers by DC insulator gradient dielectrophoresis (DC-iGDEP) (2012)

Here we report a novel method for the manipulation and concentration of Aβ amyloid fibrils, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, using DC insulating gradient dielectrophoresis (DC-iGDEP). Fibril enrichment was found to be ∼400%. Simulations suggest that capture of the full range of amyloid protein aggregates is possible with optimized device design.
A Study of the Flow around the Reed Valve (2004)

A simplified numerical simulation model is constructed for the purpose of studying the flow around the reed valve in the automotive air conditioning compressor. The Fluid-Structure Interactive Method is used. The model is investigated whether it is possible to know the difference of the valve performance in case of using the new rigidity or configuration. The constant coefficient is adapted to control the lubricant oil reaction force that acts at the occasion when the valve leaves from the contact surface of the seat. This work shows the benefit of the constant coefficient at the limited pressure conditions and the difference of the available conditions for the suction side and discharge.
Anatomic Bases of Event-Related Potentials and Their Relationship to Novelty Detection in Humans (1998)

Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Veterans Medical Center, Martinez, California, U.S.A. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Robert T. Knight, Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Veterans Medical Center, 150 Muir Rd., Martinez, CA 94553, U.S.A.
Dual spillover problem in the myocardial septum with nitrogen-13-ammonia flow quantitation. (1998)

Dual spillover in the myocardial septum can introduce significant errors in the estimation of flow by the conventional [13N]ammonia model fitting method, which does not properly account for the RV spillover. Adjusting for the RV spillover in one of the two proposed methods allows for more accurate quantitation of myocardial septal flow with [13N]ammonia PET data.
The Sonogashira Reaction:  A Booming Methodology in Synthetic Organic Chemistry (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe Sonogashira Reaction: A Booming Methodology in Synthetic Organic Chemistry†Rafael Chinchilla and Carmen NájeraView Author Information Departamento de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Facultad de Ciencias, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 3, 874–922Publication Date (Web):February 17, 2007Publication History Received25 September 2006Published online17 February 2007Published inissue 1 March 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr050992xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr050992xresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60007Altmetric-Citations2605LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Palladium,Sonogashira coupling reaction Get e-Alerts
Photobleaching of Arterial Fluorescent Compounds: Characterization of Elastin, Collagen and Cholesterol Time‐resolved Spectra during Prolonged Ultraviolet Irradiation (1999)

To study the photobleaching of the main fluorescent compounds of the arterial wall, we repeatedly measured the time-resolved fluorescence of elastin, collagen and cholesterol during 560 s of excitation with nitrogen laser pulses. Three fluence rate levels were used: 0.72, 7.25 and 21.75 microW/mm2. The irradiation-related changes of the fluorescence intensity and of the time-resolved fluorescence decay constants were characterized for the emission at 390, 430 and 470 nm. The fluorescence intensity at 390 nm decreased by 25-35% when the fluence delivered was 4 mJ/mm2, a common value in fluorescence studies of the arterial wall. Cholesterol fluorescence photobleached the most, and elastin fluorescence photobleached the least. Photobleaching was most intense at 390 nm and least intense at 470 nm such that the emission spectra of the three compounds were markedly distorted by photobleaching. The time-resolved decay constants and the fluorescence lifetime were not altered by irradiation when the fluence was below 4 mJ/mm2. The spectral distortions associated with photobleaching complicate the interpretation of arterial wall fluorescence in terms of tissue content in elastin, collagen and cholesterol. Use of the time-dependent features of the emission that are not altered by photobleaching should increase the accuracy of arterial wall analysis by fluorescence spectroscopy.