gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genomic Alterations of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase May Sensitize Tumors to Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitors (2008)

Selective kinase inhibitors have had a substantial impact on the field of medical oncology. Whereas these agents can elicit dramatic clinical responses in some settings, their activity is generally limited to a subset of treated patients whose tumor cells harbor a specific genetic lesion. We have established an automated platform for examining the sensitivity to various molecularly targeted inhibitors across a large panel of human tumor-derived cell lines to identify additional genotype-correlated responses that may be clinically relevant. Among the inhibitors tested in a panel of 602 cell lines derived from a variety of human cancers, we found that a selective inhibitor of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) potently suppressed growth of a small subset of tumor cells. This subset included lines derived from anaplastic large cell lymphomas, non-small-cell lung cancers, and neuroblastomas. ALK is a receptor tyrosine kinase that was first identified as part of a protein fusion derived from a chromosomal translocation detected in the majority of anaplastic large cell lymphoma patients, and has recently been implicated as an oncogene in a small fraction of non-small-cell lung cancers and neuroblastomas. Significantly, sensitivity in these cell lines was well correlated with specific ALK genomic rearrangements, including chromosomal translocations and gene amplification. Moreover, in such cell lines, ALK kinase inhibition can lead to potent suppression of downstream survival signaling and an apoptotic response. These findings suggest that a subset of lung cancers, lymphomas, and neuroblastomas that harbor genomic ALK alterations may be clinically responsive to pharmacologic ALK inhibition.
kat: a high-efficiency retroviral transduction system for primary human T lymphocytes (1994)

We describe a novel retroviral packaging system in which high titer amphotropic retrovirus was produced without the need to generate stable producer clones. kat expression vectors, which produce high levels of retroviral vector transcripts and retroviral packaging functions, were transfected into 293 cells followed by virus harvest 48 hours posttransfection. Viral titers as high as 3.8 proviral copies/cell/mL of frozen supernatant in 3T3 cells were obtained, 10- to 50-fold greater than transient viral titers reported using 3T3-based retroviral packaging lines. Cocultivation of primary human CD8+ T lymphocytes after transient transfection of 293 cells with kat plasmids resulted in transduction efficiencies of 10% to 40%, 5- to 10-fold greater compared to cocultivation with a high titer PA317 producer clone and significantly greater than previously reported results for transduction of primary human T lymphocytes with retroviral vectors. Virus produced using the kat system was shown to be free of detectable replication competent retrovirus by an extended provirus mobilization assay, demonstrating that this system is as safe as currently available stable packaging lines. The kat virus production system should be of general use for the rapid production of high titer viral supernatants, as well as for high-efficiency transduction hematopoietic cell types refractory to retroviral transduction.
DRBTS: Distributed Reputation-based Beacon Trust System (2006)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have critical applications in diverse domains like environmental monitoring and military operations where accurate location of sensors is vital. One common method of location discovery uses a set of specialty nodes known as beacon nodes (BNs) that assist other sensor nodes (SNs) to determine their location. This paper proposes a novel reputation-based scheme called distributed reputation-based beacon trust system (DRBTS) for excluding malicious BNs that provide false location information. To the best of our knowledge, DRBTS is the first model to use the concept of reputation for excluding BNs. In DRBTS, every BN monitors its 1-hop neighborhood for misbehaving BNs and accordingly updates the reputation of the corresponding BN in the neighbor-reputation-table (NRT). The BNs then publish their NRT in their 1-hop neighborhood. BNs use this second-hand information published in NRT for updating the reputation of their neighbors after it qualifies a deviation test. On the other hand, the SNs use the NRT information to determine whether or not to use a given beacon's location information, based on a simple majority voting scheme
Analysis of Upper and Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Injuries in a Population of Patients with Multiple Injuries (1998)

Motor vehicles crashes predominated (46%) as the cause of injury. The most frequently injured nerve was the radial nerve (58 injuries), and in the lower limb, the peroneal nerve was most commonly injured (39 injuries). Diagnosis of a peripheral nerve injury was made within 4 days of admission to Sunnybrook Health Science Centre in 78% of the cases. Surgery was required to treat 54% of patients. Head injuries were the most common associated injury, occurring in 60% of patients. Other common associated injuries included fractures and dislocations. The present report aims to aid in identification and treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.
Field Application of Glass Bubbles as a Density-Reducing Agent (2000)

Abstract This communication describes preliminary results and observations of a successful application in a field environment that incorporated hollow glass spheres, also known as glass bubbles, as a density reducing agent in a drilling fluid. In this field application, a proprietary oil-in-water emulsion fluid developed by PDVSA-INTEVEP which contained hollow glass bubbles (3M) was used during the drilling of a producing interval. The oil-in-water emulsion provided a suitable fluid base, whereas the glass bubbles, by virtue of their low density, imparted a lower finished density than that of the corresponding base fluid. The density lowering capacity of the glass bubbles is proportional to the concentration of bubbles incorporated in the fluid. The field trial substantiated that the fluid-glass bubble pair is stable, homogenous, and compatible through conventional mud motors, bits, surface cleaning equipment, and of such rheological and filtrate properties, as to lend itself to be used in low pressure reservoirs and in producing zones of high permeability. During this field application, we were able to lower and maintain the density of the base fluid at 7.1 PPG. Additional oil production increase was observed relative to a vicinal well (vs. GF-134D) drilled with oil based fluids at an excessive overbalanced. This observation may suggest that damage to the producing zone has been avoided. This technology is an alternative to the use of aerated fluids, with potential economic and technical advantages due to the elimination of surface compressing and air injection controller equipment, and to the simplification of operations required to avoid excessive overbalance during pipe trips. Other potential benefits of using this low density fluid includes torque reduction as a result of higher lubricity, reduction in casing wear, higher penetration rates, decreased formation damage, lost control mitigation, and the use of mud pulse MWD tools. Glass bubbles are also a viable alternative to reduce the density of water based drilling fluids, oil and polymer-based fluids, and brines. Laboratory tests were also carried out with conventional fluid systems to include water-based, 100% mineral oil and oil-in-water emulsions, with different concentrations of LITEDENTM in order to evaluate the potential field use of such formulations as substitutes for aerated fluids in wells which might require lower density fluids. Several formulations for the systems mentioned above were developed with the purpose of achieving maximum density reduction without affecting filtrate control or rheological properties. Fluid densities as low as 5.5 and 6.0 ppg were obtained for corresponding 100% oil and O/W emulsions based fluids.
Peak-to-average power ratio reduction for OFDM modems (2004)

A novel technique of reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of multi-carrier (MC) modulated signals is proposed. The method advocated is spectrally efficient, has a low implementational complexity and hence it is also suitable for low-power, portable implementation. Moreover, it was designed to be compatible with existing standard-based orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) systems. As an example of the performance of the proposed scheme, the amplifier back-off requirement in a terrestrial digital video broadcast (DVB-T) system can be reduced to 12 to 6 dB, while satisfying the of out-of-band emission specifications imposed by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) spectral mask.
RAG1, RAG2 and pre‐T cell receptor α chain expression by adult human hepatic T cells: evidence for extrathymic T cell maturation (1996)

Flow cytometric analysis of cell suspensions obtained from normal adult liver tissue at the time of transplantation revealed significant populations of T lymphocytes. These were examined for molecular evidence of local T cell maturation using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to detect expression of recombination activation gene 1 (RAG1), RAG2 and pre-T cell receptor alpha chain (pTalpha), which occurs only in early thymocyte development. Four specimens of whole liver were positive for RAG1 and RAG2 expression, whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same individuals were negative. To localize RAG expression, immature (CD2+CD7+) and mature (CD45R0+) T cell subpopulations were isolated by magnetic separation from hepatic and peripheral blood mononuclear cell preparations. We detected the expression of RAG1, RAG2 and pre-TCRalpha in five specimens of hepatic CD2+CD7+ but not in CD45RO+ hepatic lymphocytes. Four out of six specimens of CD2+CD7+ cells from the peripheral blood were negative for RAG1 and RAG2 while all six specimens were positive for pTalpha expression. These results suggest that pre-T cells are trafficking from the bone marrow or the thymus to other tissues to continue differentiation and selection in the context of an appropriate cellular and molecular environment. The presence of immature populations of T cells in the adult liver and high levels of RAG expression suggests that the adult liver provides such an environment for extrathymic T cell maturation. These findings may have important implications for tolerance induction after liver transplantation and offer help in understanding the etiology of autoimmune liver disease.
Genetic Diversity within Chinese Watermelon Ecotypes Compared with Germplasm from Other Countries (2012)

Genetic diversity among 95 watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) ecotypes was evaluated and compared with representative Chinese, American, Japanese, and Russian watermelon cultigens, landraces, and a wild watermelon relative ( Trichosanthes kirilowii ). Open-pollinated, hybrid, and inbred lines were included for most of the ecotypes and are hereafter collectively referred to as cultigens unless an ecotype group is being discussed. Morphological characteristics (including days to flower, female to male flower ratio, branch number, fruit length and diameter ratio, fruit soluble solid content, fruit yield, and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to estimate genetic diversity. Of 398 watermelon primer pairs tested, 9.5% (38) produced polymerase chain reaction amplicons in watermelon. Of these 38 primer pairs, the average number of polymorphic bands among the 96 cultigens was 2.4, even with 12 primer pairs demonstrating monomorphic banding patterns. Based on the SSR data, the genetic similarity coefficients were calculated and a dendrogram constructed. All cultigens were clustered to six groups. The wild species and landraces formed distant clusters from the cultivated watermelon. The genetic similarity coefficients within the Chinese cultigens ranged from 0.37 to 0.99, but except for a wild relative to watermelon, most cultigens were closely related. The genetic distance among non-Chinese cultigens ranged from 0.67 to 0.91 with an average of 0.88. When combined morphological traits and molecular traits were assessed, Russian and U.S. fruit were more genetically similar to each other than to Chinese and Japanese cultigens. Crossing Russian and/or U.S. cultigens with Chinese or Japanese cultigens should thus improve genetic diversity and introduce new traits for the resulting watermelon cultigens.
Gene transfection and expression of the ovarian carcinoma marker folate binding protein on NIH/3T3 cells increases cell growth in vitro and in vivo. (1993)

The glycoprotein gp38 is overexpressed in 90% of ovarian carcinomas and recognized by monoclonal antibodies MOv18 and MOv19. This molecule is a high affinity folate binding protein (FBP) and a potential marker for ovarian carcinoma. We have developed a model to investigate the biochemical and biological properties of this folate receptor by transfecting NIH/3T3 cells, which do not endogenously express FBP, with a vector containing the complementary DNA for the gp38 cloned from the ovarian carcinoma cell line IGROV1. The FBP expressed shows features identical to those of the protein produced by IGROV1 cell. The FBP is expressed on the cell membrane in a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked form, since it is released by treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, and is shed into the culture medium of the NIH/3T3 transfectants. Immunoblot analysis with MAbs MOv18 and MOv19 showed that both the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked and the soluble FBP migrate at the same apparent molecular weight as the respective IGROV1 proteins. The FBP-transfected NIH/3T3 cells bound folic acid and internalized about 30-fold more folic acid than mock-transfected cells. Growth analysis revealed that FBP-transfected NIH/3T3 cells like IGROV1 maintained their growth rate after 10 days of culture in medium containing physiological or low folate concentration, and tumors arising after transplanting FBP-tNIH/3T3 cells in nude mice were 3-fold heavier than those arising after transplantation of non-FBP-expressing NIH/3T3 cells. These results suggest a correlation between human ovarian carcinoma growth and FBP overexpression.
Lysosomal enzyme targeting (1990)

Conference Article| June 01 1990 Lysosomal enzyme targeting STUART KORNFELD STUART KORNFELD 1Department of Medicine, Division of Haematology-Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, P.O. Box 8125, St Louis, MO 63110, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Received: December 21 1989 Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Biochem Soc Trans (1990) 18 (3): 367–374. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180367 Article history Received: December 21 1989 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation STUART KORNFELD; Lysosomal enzyme targeting. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1990; 18 (3): 367–374. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180367 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
ATRX encodes a novel member of the SNF2 family of proteins: mutations point to a common mechanism underlying the ATR-X syndrome (1996)

It was shown recently that mutations of the ATRX gene give rise to a severe, X-linked form of syndromal mental retardation associated with alpha thalassaemia (ATR-X syndrome). In this study, we have characterised the full-length cDNA and predicted structure of the ATRX protein. Comparative analysis shows that it is an entirely new member of the SNF2 subgroup of a superfamily of proteins with similar ATPase and helicase domains. ATRX probably acts as a regulator of gene expression. Definition of its genomic structure enabled us to identify four novel splicing defects by screening 52 affected individuals. Correlation between these and previously identified mutations with variations in the ATR-X phenotype provides insights into the pathophysiology of this disease and the normal role of the ATRX protein in vivo.
The Demand for Broad Money in the United Kingdom, 1878-1993 (1997)

Using annual data from Friedman and Schwartz (1982), Hendry and Ericsson (1991a) developed an empirical model of the demand for broad money in the United Kingdom over 1878-1975. We update that model over 1976-1993, accounting for changed data definitions and clarifying the concept of constancy. With appropriate measures of opportunity cost and credit deregulation, the model's parameters are empirically constant over the extended sample, which was economically turbulent. Policy implications follow for parameter nonconstancy and predictive failure, causation between money and prices, monetary targeting, deregulation and financial innovation, and the effect of policy on economic agents' behavior.
Antirhinovirus activity of purine nucleoside analogs (1986)

A wide variety of purine nucleoside (mainly tubercidin and adenosine) analogs, which had previously been shown to inhibit the replication of a broad spectrum of RNA viruses, were evaluated for their antirhinovirus activity in human diploid (WI-38) fibroblasts. Tubercidin, 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)tubercidin, 5-(2-buten-1-yl)tubercidin, toyocamycin, and sangivamycin emerged as the most potent inhibitors. These compounds inhibited the replication of rhinovirus types 1A, 1B, and 9 at an MIC well below 1 microgram/ml. However, these compounds proved cytotoxic for the uninfected host cells at concentrations which were only slightly higher (3- to 10-fold, on the average) than those required for inhibition of rhinovirus replication. The most selective inhibitor of rhinovirus replication was 3-deazaguanine, with a selectivity index of 50. None of the carbocyclic and acyclic analogs of adenosine tested exhibited a potent or selective antirhinovirus activity.
Positional Accuracy of Assisted GPS Data from High-Sensitivity GPS-enabled Mobile Phones (2011)

Utilizing both Assisted GPS (A-GPS) techniques and new high-sensitivity embedded GPS hardware, mobile phones are now able to achieve positioning in harsh environments such as urban canyons and indoor locations where older embedded GPS chips could not. This paper presents an empirical analysis of the positional accuracy of location data gathered using a high-sensitivity GPS-enabled mobile phone. The performance of the mobile phone is compared to that of regular recreational grade GPS receivers. Availability of valid GPS position fixes on the mobile phones tested was consistently close to 100% both outdoors and indoors. During static outdoor testing, positions provided by the mobile phones revealed a median horizontal error of between 5·0 and 8·5 m, substantially larger than those for regular autonomous GPS units by a factor of 2 to 3. Horizontal errors during static indoor testing were larger compared to outdoors, but the difference in accuracy between mobile phones and regular GPS receivers was reduced. Despite the modest performance of A-GPS on mobile phones, testing under various conditions revealed that very large errors are not very common. The maximum horizontal error during outdoor testing never exceeded 30 metres and during indoor testing never exceeded 100 metres. Combined with the relatively consistent availability of valid GPS position fixes under varying conditions, the current study has confirmed the reliability of A-GPS on mobiles phones as a source of location information for a range of different LBS applications.
Gene Synthesis Machines: DNA Chemistry and Its Uses (1985)

Deoxyoligonucleotides can now be synthesized rapidly and in high yield because of recent advances in nucleic acid chemistry. Key innovations include solid-phase synthesis on silica-based supports and the development of stable deoxynucleoside phosphoramidites as synthons. When incorporated into manual, semiautomatic, or automatic instruments, these new procedures can be used to prepare probes, mixed probes, deoxyoligonucleotides for priming DNA synthesis, analogues of deoxyoligonucleotides, and DNA segments containing more than 100 deoxynucleotides.
Special Section:Future Trendsin Vaccination: Advances in cancer vaccine development (1999)

Traditionally, cancer vaccines have used whole tumour cells administered in adjuvant or infected with viruses to increase the immunogenicity of the cells. With the identification of tumour-associated and tumour-specific antigens (TAA, TSA), antigen and epitope-specific vaccines have been designed. Compared to tumour cell vaccines, antigen and epitope vaccines are more specific and easier to produce in large quantities but may display lower immunogenicity and lead to the in vivo selection of antigen or epitope-negative escape tumour variant cells. The optimal vaccine will elicit both humoral and cellular immunity in the patients as both parameters have been positively correlated with the induction of beneficial clinical responses. The choice of adjuvant, costimulation and delivery mode greatly determines the outcome of vaccinations and may favour the induction of T-cell responses of T helper (Th)1, Th2, or both Th1 and Th2 types. Animal models of TAA vaccines must take into account the normal tissue expression of TAA, which may induce immunological tolerance to TAA. With the identification of homologues of human TAA in animals, novel experimental models of cancer vaccines which mimic the condition in patients are now available. Several vaccines comprising tumour cells, TAA or anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking TAA have recently entered phase III of clinical evaluation.
The Design and Implementation of E-mail System Based on Java (2011)

In introducing the SMTP and POP3 e-mail system protocol,JavaMail API framework and based on the core classes,the author mainly deals with a combination of how to use JavaMail API to send and receive e-mail Jsp programming system to implement user accessible communication System's main features include user registration and login,receive and send mail and attachments,such as management.
Introduction to AI Robotics (2001)

From the Publisher:
This text covers all the material needed to understand the principles behind the AI approach to robotics and to program an artificially intelligent robot for applications involving sensing, navigation, planning, and uncertainty. Robin Murphy is extremely effective at combining theoretical and practical rigor with a light narrative touch. In the overview, for example, she touches upon anthropomorphic robots from classic films and science fiction stories before delving into the nuts and bolts of organizing intelligence in robots.
Following the overview, Murphy contrasts AI and engineering approaches and discusses what she calls the three paradigms of AI robotics: hierarchical, reactive, and hybrid deliberative/reactive. Later chapters explore multiagent scenarios, navigation and path-planning for mobile robots, and the basics of computer vision and range sensing. Each chapter includes objectives, review questions, and exercises. Many chapters contain one or more case studies showing how the concepts were implemented on real robots. Murphy, who is well known for her classroom teaching, conveys the intellectual adventure of mastering complex theoretical and technical material.