gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic Degradation of Propionate by a Mesophilic Acetogenic Bacterium in Coculture and Triculture with Different Methanogens (1994)

A mesophilic acetogenic bacterium (MPOB) oxidized propionate to acetate and CO(2) in cocultures with the formate- and hydrogen-utilizing methanogens Methanospirillum hungatei and Methanobacterium formicicum. Propionate oxidation did not occur in cocultures with two Methanobrevibacter strains, which grew only with hydrogen. Tricultures consisting of MPOB, one of the Methanobrevibacter strains, and organisms which are able to convert formate into H(2) plus CO(2) (Desulfovibrio strain G11 or the homoacetogenic bacterium EE121) also degraded propionate. The MPOB, in the absence of methanogens, was able to couple propionate conversion to fumarate reduction. This propionate conversion was inhibited by hydrogen and by formate. Formate and hydrogen blocked the energetically unfavorable succinate oxidation to fumarate involved in propionate catabolism. Low formate and hydrogen concentrations are required for the syntrophic degradation of propionate by MPOB. In triculture with Methanospirillum hungatei and the aceticlastic Methanothrix soehngenii, propionate was degraded faster than in biculture with Methanospirillum hungatei, indicating that low acetate concentrations are favorable for propionate oxidation as well.
High efficiency transformation by electroporation of Pichia pastoris pretreated with lithium acetate and dithiothreitol (2004)

Transformation efficiencies for Pichia pastoris are usually several orders of magnitude below those for other yeast. We report here that pretreatment of P. pastoris with 0.1 M lithium acetate (LiAc) and 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) before electroporation increased transformation efficiency approximately 150-fold. DTT alone enhanced the transformation efficiency up to 20-fold, but LiAc alone had little effect. Cultures grown to 1.15-2.6 A at 600 nm had higher transformation efficiencies than younger or older cultures. A cell concentration of 10(10)/mL gave the highest efficiencies. Digestion of pPIC9K within the AOX1 gene with Sacl gave efficiencies approximately 30 times higher than digestion in other genes with other enzymes. Given the optimization of these factors, the highest transformation efficiency was obtained with instrument settings of 1.5 kV, 25 microF, and 186 omega. The transformation efficiency at optimal conditions reached 4 x 10(6) transformants/microgram DNA with pPIC9K. A maximum of 2.6 x 10(5) transformants was produced when 1 microgram of pPIC9K DNA was used.
Prediction of Dengue using Recurrent Neural Network (2019)

India and various developing nations where the population is high, healthcare is one of the major challenges to deal with. The medical resources that are made available by the government cannot cope up with the high population. The rural areas are affected the most due to lack of a proper medical infrastructure by public health sector. A large chunk of population cannot afford private hospitals as they belong to lower middle class or below poverty line group. Therefore, the load on public health sector has increased manifold. In case of an epidemic, the death rate is high as most of the population have no access to medical resources and thus timely treatment. As a large chunk of population of our country lives in rural areas, it becomes a dire need to arrange for a proper medical infrastructure in case an epidemic occurs. Dengue being one of the most occurring epidemics in our country as well as the reason for a high fatality rate, needs to be predicted well in future so that medical resources can be arranged on time and thus reduce the fatality rate. Although dengue does not require a specific line of treatment or prolonged, it is essential to be detected and treated on time. Our system aims at predicting epidemic (dengue), so that the health sector can arrange for necessary resources before time. The system will make use of Recurrent Neural Network for prediction. Data used for prediction will include the climatic conditions, pollution and the statistics of patients diagnosed with dengue in the previous years. The data has been taken from various government websites as well as healthcare centers. The model will learn using this data and predict the possibility of an outbreak if similar climatic conditions occur in future. The result of the possibility of an outbreak will be shown by highlighting the regions where dengue might occur using google heatmaps.
Transfer of Growth Factor Receptor mRNA Via Exosomes Unravels the Regenerative Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2012)

Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) ameliorate renal dysfunction and repair tubular damage of acute kidney injury by locally releasing growth factors, including the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The restricted homing of BM-MSC at the site of injury led us to investigate a possible gene-based communication mechanism between BM-MSC and tubular cells. Human BM-MSC (hBM-MSC) released microparticles and exosomes (Exo) enriched in mRNAs. A selected pattern of transcripts was detected in Exo versus parental cells. Exo expressed the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), but not IGF-1 mRNA, while hBM-MSC contained both mRNAs. R- cells lacking IGF-1R exposed to hBM-MSC-derived Exo acquired the human IGF-1R transcript that was translated in the corresponding protein. Transfer of IGF-1R mRNA from Exo to cisplatin-damaged proximal tubular cells (proximal tubular epithelial cell [PTEC]) increased PTEC proliferation. Coincubation of damaged PTEC with Exo and soluble IGF-1 further enhanced cell proliferation. These findings suggest that horizontal transfer of the mRNA for IGF-1R to tubular cells through Exo potentiates tubular cell sensitivity to locally produced IGF-1 providing a new mechanism underlying the powerful renoprotection of few BM-MSC observed in vivo.
Disruption of the connections between the mediodorsal and sulcal prefrontal cortices alters the associability of rewarding medial cortical stimulation to place and taste stimuli in rats. (1989)

This study involved 2 tests of conditioned reward with self-stimulation (SS) of the prefrontal cortex. In Experiment 1, rats were tested for a conditioned taste preference (CTP) induced by pairing a novel flavor with SS of the medial prefrontal cortex (MC). Normal rats displayed a CTP. Rats with bilateral cuts of the connections between the MC and sulcal prefrontal cortex (SC) did not show a CTP. In Experiment 2, similar cuts had no effect on the ability of SC SS to promote a CTP, showing that the cuts spare the ability to learn a CTP. In Experiment 3, rats were tested for a conditioned place preference by pairing MC SS with environmental cues. Lesioned rats, but not intact rats, had a CPP. Results suggest the presence of prepotent relations, dependent on intrinsic prefrontal connections, between the rewarding effects of prefrontal stimulation and distinct sensorimotor domains.
A bandwidth effective streaming of JPEG2000 images using hypertext transfer protocol (2003)

JPEG2000 is now one of the most promising image compression standards for supporting efficient scalable exchange of large images. Considering Web browsing as a major activity in the Internet, we believe that a large portion of JPEG2000 images would be hosted by Web servers and be retrieved through Internet browsers by means of the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). We propose a bandwidth effective streaming mechanism, called BEST, for JPEG2000 images. In addition to providing image streaming, BEST also acts as an efficient and effective traffic shaper/regulator. Through the fragmentation of the JPEG2000 image based on the quality layer of the code-stream, together with the regulation of transmission rates according to the current channel capacity indicated by TCP, BEST achieves streaming of JPEG2000 images through Web browsing and, at the same time, prevents low bit-rate channels from being congested by the instantly exhaustive transmission of JPEG2000 images from Web servers.
Commercial applications of high-powered laser diodes (1995)

The development of high power laser diodes using surface emitting distributed feedback (SEDFB) techniques has matured to the point where serious marketing analyses have been conducted. While development of the base technology continues, the initiation of systems applications and manufacturing engineering has begun. This effort, in direct response to growing market demand, is the critical bridge between research and the development of viable products for commercial applications. This paper addresses the history of laser technology development, the current status of high powered laser diode development, the forces defining current and future markets and the role of `conventional wisdom' in laser technology and market development.
Ustekinumab improves health-related quality of life in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis: results from the PHOENIX 1 trial (2009)

Background PHOENIX 1 was a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that demonstrated the long-term efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Objectives To assess the effect of ustekinumab maintenance therapy on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in PHOENIX 1 patients. Patients and methods Patients (n = 766) were randomized to receive ustekinumab 45 mg (n = 255) or 90 mg (n = 256) at weeks 0 and 4 and every 12 weeks thereafter, or placebo (n = 255) at weeks 0 and 4 with crossover to ustekinumab at week 12. Ustekinumab-randomized patients achieving at least 75% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 at weeks 28 and 40 were re-randomized at week 40 to continue ustekinumab or be withdrawn until loss of therapeutic effect. HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Results At baseline, more than 97% had a DLQI > 1 and the average DLQI was > 10, indicating a significant impact on patients' HRQoL. Significantly greater proportions of patients receiving ustekinumab 45 and 90 mg achieved a normalized DLQI score (< or = 1) compared with placebo (53.2%, 52.4% and 6.0%, respectively, both P < 0.001) at week 12 and achieved a clinically meaningful improvement (increase of at least five points) in SF-36 physical (23.1%, 33.7% and 15.6%) and mental (25.5%, 31.3% and 14.8%) component summary scores. At week 12, changes in individual DLQI and SF-36 domains were significantly better in each ustekinumab group vs. placebo (P < 0.001). The magnitude of improvement across SF-36 scales was greatest for the bodily pain and social functioning domains. Improvements in HRQoL were sustained with maintenance ustekinumab therapy through at least 1 year. Regression analysis showed that, after adjustment for improvement in PASI or Physician's Global Assessment (PGA), ustekinumab-treated patients demonstrated significant improvements in DLQI. Conclusions Ustekinumab improves HRQoL in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Patient-reported outcomes measured a treatment effect beyond that indicated by clinical measures.
Selective Loss of Inner Retinal Layer Thickness in Type 1 Diabetic Patients with Minimal Diabetic Retinopathy (2009)

Thinning of the total retina in type 1 diabetic patients with minimal retinopathy compared with healthy controls is attributed to a selective thinning of inner retinal layers and supports the concept that early DR includes a neurodegenerative component.
BOHB: Robust and Efficient Hyperparameter Optimization at Scale (2018)

Modern deep learning methods are very sensitive to many hyperparameters, and, due to the long training times of state-of-the-art models, vanilla Bayesian hyperparameter optimization is typically computationally infeasible. On the other hand, bandit-based configuration evaluation approaches based on random search lack guidance and do not converge to the best configurations as quickly. Here, we propose to combine the benefits of both Bayesian optimization and bandit-based methods, in order to achieve the best of both worlds: strong anytime performance and fast convergence to optimal configurations. We propose a new practical state-of-the-art hyperparameter optimization method, which consistently outperforms both Bayesian optimization and Hyperband on a wide range of problem types, including high-dimensional toy functions, support vector machines, feed-forward neural networks, Bayesian neural networks, deep reinforcement learning, and convolutional neural networks. Our method is robust and versatile, while at the same time being conceptually simple and easy to implement.
Carotenoid pigments: their possible role in protecting against photooxidation in eyes and photoreceptor cells. (1982)

The effect of light on animal tissues is ambivalent. Light is necessary for many functions, e.g. for vision and, as in the flagellate halobacterium, to gain energy. But light is potentially dangerous: it is capable of destroying cells or their components by photooxidation, especially in the presence of sensitizing pigments such as haems and cytochromes, which are ubiquitous in aerobic cells. Several different examples are discussed to show how a compromise is achieved in animal tissues that for functional reasons receive high exposure to light. Carotenoid pigments, present in many eyes and photoreceptors, seem especially suited to protect against the deleterious effects of light because they absorb the dangerous short wavelength part of the light spectrum. In plant tissue, carotenoids are also well known to be capable of 'quenching' photoexcited states of sensitizing pigments and of oxygen, a function that they might have also in animal tissue. A consequence of the considerations is that whenever animal tissues are exposed to higher than usual light levels and/or oxygen pressures cellular damage might occur. Examples are discussed; strategies to circumvent the deleterious effects by photooxidation follow directly from the arguments.
Targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway to Regulate Bone Formation in the Adult Skeleton (2007)

The recent identification of a link between bone mass in humans and gain- or loss-of-function mutations in the Wnt coreceptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome, high bone mass trait) or in the Wnt antagonist sclerostin (sclerosteosis, van Buchem syndrome) has called the attention of academic and industry scientists and clinicians to the importance of this signaling pathway in skeletal biology and disease. Multiple genetic and pharmacological manipulations of Wnt signaling in mice have since then confirmed the central role of this pathway in regulating bone formation.
Interferon-β-Related DNA Is Dispersed in the Human Genome (1984)

Interferon-beta 1 (IFN-beta 1) complementary DNA was used as a hybridization probe to isolate human genomic DNA clones lambda B3 and lambda B4 from a human genomic DNA library. Blot-hybridization procedures and partial nucleotide sequencing revealed that lambda B3 is related to IFN-beta 1 (and more distantly to IFN-alpha 1). Analyses of DNA obtained from a panel of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids that were probed with DNA derived from lambda B3 showed that lambda B3 is on human chromosome 2. Similar experiments indicated that lambda B4 is not on human chromosomes 2, 5, or 9. The finding that DNA related to the IFN-beta 1 gene (and IFN-alpha 1 gene) is dispersed in the human genome raises new questions about the origins of the interferon genes.
Mortality in the United States, 2013. (2014)

This report presents 2013 U.S. final mortality data on deaths and death rates by demographic and medical characteristics. These data provide information on mortality patterns among U.S. residents by such variables as sex, race and ethnicity, and cause of death. Information on mortality patterns is key to understanding changes in the health and well-being of the U.S. population (1). Life expectancy estimates, age-adjusted death rates by race and ethnicity and sex, 10 leading causes of death, and 10 leading causes of infant death were analyzed by comparing 2013 final data with 2012 final data. In 2013, a total of 2,596,993 resident deaths were registered in the United States.
A Quantitative in vivo Method of Analyzing Human Tumor‐induced Angiogenesis in Mice Using Agarose Microencapsulation and Hemoglobin Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay (1995)

This study was conducted to develop a quantitative assay system for use in the in vivo evaluation in mice of angiogenesis induced by human tumor cells. The human epidermoid carcinoma cells, A431 cells, were cultured on microcarriers. Microcarrier-attached A431 cells (A431-MC) were microencapsulated with agarose hydrogel to isolate them from the immune system of the C57BL/6 mice after subcutaneous dorsal midline implantation. The agarose hydrogel-microencapsulated A431 cells (Aga-A431 cells; diameter=300 micron) survived for at least 10 days in vitro, and the proliferation profile of the Aga-A431 cells was indistinguishable from that of non-microencapsulated A431 cells. The Aga-A431 cells were subcutaneously injected into mice with an 18-gauge needle. Ten days later, few vessels had formed at the site implanted with cell-free agarose beads, whereas notable angiogenesis was observed at the site implanted with Aga-A431 cells. The degree of angiogenesis was evaluated by measurement of the hemoglobin content in the implanted site using a mouse hemoglobin (mHb) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. This mHb-ELISA system has the advantages of great simplicity and reproducibility. The measured mHb-content of new blood vessels at the site implanted with agarose beads was in good agreement with the amount of angiogenesis observed under a stereoscopic microscope. This assay system enabled us to evaluate the angiogenesis induced by xenogeneic cells, such as human tumor cells. Thus, our novel method may be useful for the study of the angiogenic potential of various human tumor cells and in research on the anti-angiogenic properties of various agents.
Somatic mutation in constant regions of mouse lambda 1 light chains. (1991)

To study the distribution of somatic mutation, we determined nucleotide sequences of rearranged lambda 1-chain genomic DNA from four hybridomas obtained from C57BL/6 mice that had been immunized with (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl-conjugated chicken gamma globulin. In total, 114 nucleotide substitutions were observed, with neither insertion nor deletion. Sixty-one mutations occurred in the variable-joining region genes (V lambda 1-J lambda 1) and 49 in joining-constant (J lambda 1-C lambda 1) introns. Although frequency decreased with distance from the V lambda 1-J lambda 1 coding region, somatic mutations occurred in the entire J lambda 1-C lambda 1 intron and even in the C lambda 1 region. We found four nucleotide substitutions in C lambda 1 genes, all of which were replacement mutations. Therefore, the mechanism responsible for somatic mutation is operative into the C lambda 1 exons. Nucleotide sequences of rearranged but inactive lambda 2-chain genes from two hybridomas were also examined and compared with those of lambda 1-chain genes. The clustering of replacement mutations in complementarity-determining regions in the inactive lambda 2-chain genes similar to the active lambda 1-chain genes suggested a mechanism that induces somatic mutation preferentially in this region even in the absence of antigenic selection.
EBSD at High Temperatures in Metals and Minerals (2003)

Journal Article EBSD at High Temperatures in Metals and Minerals Get access Dave Prior, Dave Prior Department of Earth Sciences, Liverpool University, L693GP, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Gareth Seward, Gareth Seward Department of Earth Sciences, Liverpool University, L693GP, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michel Bestmann, Michel Bestmann Department of Earth Sciences, Liverpool University, L693GP, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sandra Piazolo, Sandra Piazolo Department of Earth Sciences, Liverpool University, L693GP, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John Wheeler John Wheeler Department of Earth Sciences, Liverpool University, L693GP, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 9, Issue S02, 1 August 2003, Pages 78–79, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927603440944 Published: 06 August 2003
Electrochemical Patterning of the Surface of Insulators with Electrically Conductive Polymers (1995)

This paper presents a protocol for patterning the surface of insulators with electrically conductive polymers. The pattern is formed on a gold electrode surface via electro‐oxidation of heteroarene monomers. An adhesion layer is used to bond the surface of the conducting polymer pattern to the surface of an insulator. The pattern is then developed by etching away the gold. The approach is illustrated with polypyrrole and is applicable to a wide range of substituted polyheteroarenes and insulating substrates.
Sucralfate suspension as a treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (1994)

Sucralfate suspension should be added to the armament of treatment modalities of RAS.
A Dosing Study of Nonoxynol-9 and Genital Irritation (1993)

The objective of the study was to assess the symptoms and signs of genital irritation produced by different frequencies of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) use. Thirty-five women were randomized to each of 5 groups and used a vaginal suppository for 2 weeks. Group 1: N-9 once every other day; Group 2: N-9 once a day; Group 3: N-9 twice a day; Group 4: N-9 4 times a day; and Group 5: placebo 4 times a day. Study women were examined at admission, one week and 2 weeks with a colposcope for erythema and epithelial disruption, and were interviewed about vaginal itching and burning. The rates of reported symptoms for N-9 users were not significantly different from that of placebo users. The rate of epithelial disruption for women using N-9 every other day was essentially the same as that of women using placebo. The rates of epithelial disruption for women using N-9 1/day and 2/day were 2.5 times greater than that of placebo users. The rate of epithelial disruption for women using N-9 4/day was five times greater than that of placebo users. Genital irritation was located primarily on the vagina or cervix, and vulvitis was not a significant problem. Women who infrequently use N-9 products may not experience an increase in genital irritation. Women who choose to use N-9 frequently may experience an increase in epithelial disruption.