gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of angiogenic factors in rabbit spinal cord after transient ischaemia (1999)

It is known that angiogenic factors are induced in brain by ischaemia, and new vessel formation is correlated with better prognosis in patients of stroke. However, the role of angiogenesis and expression of angiogenic factors in spinal cord ischaemia is uncertain. We here investigated expression of three highly potent angiogenic peptides, i.e. basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the rabbit spinal cord after transient ischaemia, by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Western blot analysis revealed that bFGF was induced at 8 h after transient ischaemia and decreased thereafter. Immunoreactive VEGF was also induced at 8 h, and it disappeared thereafter. HGF was not detected in the spinal cord with sham-operation or ischaemic injury. By immunohistochemical analysis, bFGF was weakly expressed in only a few small interneurons in sham-operated spinal cords. However, it was induced to a marked degree in motor neurons and interneurons of the anterior horn at 8 h after reperfusion. It was also induced in small neurons of the posterior horn. The expression in the anterior horn decayed thereafter though it lasted until 7 d in the posterior horn. VEGF was not expressed in sham-operated spinal cords, but the expression was induced in large motor neurons and interneurons at 8 h with marked reduction at 1 d. In contrast, HGF was not expressed in the spinal cord with sham-operation or ischaemic injury. These factors are known to play pivotal roles in angiogenesis, regulation of blood flow, and protection of endothelial cells. Through induction of these angiogenic peptides, protection of vascular endothelial cells and improvement of regional blood flow might be occurring in the spinal cord after ischaemia.
Microarray-based Identification of Novel Biomarkers in Asthma (2006)

Bronchial asthma is a complicated and diverse disorder affected by genetic and environmental factors. It is widely accepted that it is a Th2-type inflammation originating in lung and caused by inhalation of ubiquitous allergens. The complicated and diverse pathogenesis of this disease yet to be clarified. Functional genomics is the analysis of whole gene expression profiling under given condition, and microarray technology is now the most powerful tool for functional genomics. Several attempts to clarify the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma have been carried out using microarray technology, providing us some novel biomarkers for diagnosis, therapeutic targets or understanding pathogenic mechanisms of bronchial asthma. In this article, we review the outcomes of these analyses by the microarray approach as applied to this disease by focusing on the identification of novel biomarkers.
Robustness May Be at Odds with Accuracy (2018)

We show that there may exist an inherent tension between the goal of adversarial robustness and that of standard generalization. Specifically, training robust models may not only be more resource-consuming, but also lead to a reduction of standard accuracy. We demonstrate that this trade-off between the standard accuracy of a model and its robustness to adversarial perturbations provably exists in a fairly simple and natural setting. These findings also corroborate a similar phenomenon observed empirically in more complex settings. Further, we argue that this phenomenon is a consequence of robust classifiers learning fundamentally different feature representations than standard classifiers. These differences, in particular, seem to result in unexpected benefits: the representations learned by robust models tend to align better with salient data characteristics and human perception.
α-Synuclein Is Degraded by Both Autophagy and the Proteasome (2003)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of aggregates (Lewy bodies) in neurons. alpha-Synuclein is the major protein in Lewy bodies and rare mutations in alpha-synuclein cause early-onset PD. Consequently, alpha-synuclein is implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Here, we have investigated the degradation pathways of alpha-synuclein, using a stable inducible PC12 cell model, where the expression of exogenous human wild-type, A30P, or A53T alpha-synuclein can be switched on and off. We have used a panel of inhibitors/stimulators of autophagy and proteasome function and followed alpha-synuclein degradation in these cells. We found that not only is alpha-synuclein degraded by the proteasome, but it is also degraded by autophagy. A role for autophagy was further supported by the presence of alpha-synuclein in organelles with the ultrastructural features of autophagic vesicles. Since rapamycin, a stimulator of autophagy, increased clearance of alpha-synuclein, it merits consideration as a potential therapeutic for Parkinsons disease, as it is designed for chronic use in humans.
Chronic Ciclosporin Nephrotoxicity: A Rabbit Model (1991)

Ciclosporin (CsA) was administered intravenously for 30 days to New Zealand white rabbits at the following doses: group A, 2.5 mg/kg/day; group B, 5.0 mg/kg/day; group C, 10 mg/kg/day; group D, saline control; group E, vehicle (cremophor-EL) control. Creatinine clearance was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) at time of sacrifice in group C as compared to controls. There were no apparent differences among the five groups with respect to body weight gain or blood pressure. Morphologically, there were marked changes in the cytoarchitecture of the kidneys from all groups of animals treated with CsA. At the light microscopic level, in contrast to controls, there was the presence of leukocyte infiltration, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and arteriolopathy. At the ultrastructural level, numerous vacuoles, lysosomal-like structures, and loss of cellular integrity were seen in the proximal and distal tubules, as well as interstitial fibrosis in the form of numerous collagen fibers. No changes in the glomeruli were seen in any of the CsA-treated groups. These findings are consistent with chronic CsA nephrotoxicity similar to that seen in man.
An Adenovirus Vector-Mediated Reverse Genetics System for Influenza A Virus Generation (2007)

Plasmid-based reverse genetics systems allow the generation of influenza A virus entirely from cloned cDNA. However, since the efficiency of virus generation is dependent on the plasmid transfection efficiency of cells, virus generation is difficult in cells approved for vaccine production that have low transfection efficiencies (e.g., Vero cells). Here we established an alternative reverse genetics system for influenza virus generation by using an adenovirus vector (AdV) which achieves highly efficient gene transfer independent of cell transfection efficiency. This AdV-mediated reverse genetics system will be useful for generating vaccine seed strains and for basic influenza virus studies.
Lipid peroxidation in avian semen: Protective effect of seminal plasma (1998)

embryo brain with other tissues showed that the brain contained low concentrations of vitamin E, glutathione and low glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities. Thus the highly unsaturated brain tissue will be susceptible to peroxidation in stress conditions. Incubation of chicken or turkey embryo brain homogenates at 37°C produced high concentration of MDA as a result of lipid peroxidation. Our previous data demonstrate a linear relationship between the alpha-tocopherol concentration in the yolk and subsequent concentrations in the brain (Surai et al., 1997). Because the amount of vitamin E in the egg yolk re ects the amount in the food (Surai et al., 1995) vitamin E in the maternal diet is the major factor regulating the antioxidant system of the chick embryo brain providing protection against nutritional encephalomalacia. DROR, Y., BUDOWSKI, P., BUBIS, J.J., SANBANK, U. & WOLMAN, M. (1976) Chick nutritional encephalopathy induced by diets rich in oxidised oil and decient in a -tocopherol. Progress in Neuropathology, 3: 343–357. NOBLE, R.C. & SPEAKE, B.K. (1997) Observations on fatty acid uptake and utilization by avian embryo. Prenatal and Neonatal Medicine, 2: 92–100. REITER, R.J. (1995) Oxidative processes and antioxidant defence mechanisms in the ageing brain. FASEB Journal, 9: 526–533. SURAI, P.F., GAAL, T., NOBLE, R.C. & SPEAKE, B.K. (1997) The relationship between the a -tocopherol content of the yolk and its accumulation in the tissues of the newly hatched chick. Journal of Science and Food Agriculture , 75: 212–216. SURAI, P.F., IONOV, I.A., BUZHIN, A. & BUZHINA, N. (1995) Vitamin E and egg quality. Proceedings of the 6th European Symposium on the quality of egg and egg products, Zaragoza, Spain, pp. 387– 394. SURAI, P.F., NOBLE, R.C. & SPEAKE, B.K. (1996) Tissue-speci c differences in antioxidant distribution and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation during development of the chick embryo. Biochemica, Biophysica Acta. 1304: 1–10.
Transplantation of human pulpal and gingival fibroblasts attached to synthetic scaffolds (1999)

Autologous tissue grafting for the restoration of oral tissues is limited by several factors, including the availability of sufficient donor tissue. One solution to this problem may be to develop substitute tissue grafts by attaching disaggregated autologous cells propagated in vitro to scaffolds composed of natural or synthetic polymers. We have earlier demonstrated that human dental pulp and gingival fibroblasts (HPF, HGF) adhere to non-woven polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds, proliferate and produce extracellular matrix in vitro. We now report that such HPF and HGF adhered to PGA scaffolds survive when implanted into subcutaneous sites in immuno-compromised mice. The transplanted cells synthesize and secrete type I collagen, cellular fibronectin and may express genes implicated in transducing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signals. Messenger RNA for BMP-2, -4, -7 (OP-1), the BMP type I receptors Act RI, BMPR-1A and 1B, the type II receptor BMPR-II, and type I collagen were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These data revealed that three adult human dental pulp and gingival cell populations, each from individual donors, attached to PGA scaffolds and cultured for 24 h in vitro, survive implantation and express genes indicative of a capacity to produce extracellular matrix. The implanted cells may also express genes associated with responsiveness to BMP-mediated tissue inductive signals.
RTP Payload Format for Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) 292M Video (2003)

This memo specifies an RTP payload format for encapsulating uncompressed High Definition Television (HDTV) as defined by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) standard, SMPTE 292M.SMPTE is the main standardizing body in the motion imaging industry and the SMPTE 292M standard defines a bit-serial digital interface for local area HDTV transport.Gharai, et al.
Myeloperoxidase modulates the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes. Studies with cells from a myeloperoxidase-deficient patient. (1984)

Patients lacking the primary granulae enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), do not usually show any increased susceptibility to infection or altered in- flammatory response, in contrast to several other bio- chemical defects in polymorphonuclear neutrophils. We have now evaluated the role of MPO on phagocyte func- tion in a patient with complete MPO deficiency suffering from generalized pustular psoriasis. We found that the MPO-deficient neutrophils showed enhanced phagocy- tosis (>200% ofnormal) ofIgG-and C3b-opsonized yeast particles and prolonged N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylaline-mediated stimulation of superoxide production.
Immunoadsorbent isolation of pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein from maternal serum (1983)

A three-step procedure for the purification of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PS beta 1G) on a milligram scale from maternal serum has been developed. The principal purification was achieved by the use of an immunoadsorbent and the remaining impurities were removed by hydroxylapatite chromatography and negative affinity chromatography. The overall procedure resulted in the purification of approximately 10 mg of PS beta 1G which represented about 21% of PS beta 1G in 300 mL, of serum. The PS beta 1G was of high purity as shown by analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunochemical tests. Experiments by immunoelectrophoresis and gel chromatography indicate that the electrophoretic mobility and relative mass of the purified PS beta 1G are very similar to those of the native serum protein. Structural analysis of PS beta 1G suggests that it is composed of two identical subunit chains bonded noncovalently. However, a trimeric structure for PS beta 1G cannot be ruled out based on the uncertainty of relative mass estimates by gel chromatography in nondenaturing solvent. The anomalous characteristics of a previous purified polymeric form of PS beta 1G (PS beta 1G-I) are discussed in relation to the new findings presented here.
Hydrogels based on the chemically crosslinked polyacrylic acid: biopharmaceutical characterization. (2003)

This study is an attempt of biopharmaceutical characterization of hydrogels based on crosslinked polyacrylic acid (PAA). Macrodiisocyanates (MDIC) or oligomethanediisocyanate (DO) were used as crosslinking agents. The drug release rate from such hydrogels is determined by the density of the net and is lowered by a decrease in the PAA : MDIC mass ratio. The increase of the drug concentration in the matrix improved the release process. The drug release from the hydrogels was found to be pH dependent.
Synthesis of 2-Methoxyestrogens1 (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2-Methoxyestrogens1Jack FishmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 5, 1213–1216Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01538a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01538a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Excimer-laser etching of diamond and hard carbon films by direct writing and optical projection (1986)

Excimer-laser patterning of monocrystalline diamond was performed in the direct writing and in the optical projection modes. The etching mechanism employs combined photochemical/thermal transformation of the initial crystal to graphite followed by sublimation or reaction of the transformed solid. In optical projection, linewidths as narrow as 0.13 μm were etched with patterning possible using single 0.193 μm (wavelength) laser pulses. Etch rates of 2000 Å/pulse were achieved. The morphology of the etched features was optimized by introducing gases which reacted chemically with the hot graphitic layer generated in the process of etching. Patterning of diamond-like carbon thin films was accomplished and the effectiveness of these films as resists for submicrometer-resolution lithography of semiconductors was demonstrated.
Extended use of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) is well tolerated and maintains its clinical effect on multiple sclerosis relapse rate and degree of disability (1998)

When 251 relapsing-remitting patients with multiple sclerosis were randomized to receive daily subcutaneous injections of glatiramer acetate, previously called copolymer 1 (Copaxone; n = 125) or placebo (n = 126) for 24 months, there were no laboratory abnormalities associated with glatiramer acetate treatment and it was well tolerated with few side effects. Patients receiving glatiramer acetate had significantly fewer relapses and were more likely to be neurologically improved, whereas those receiving placebo were more likely to worsen. This study was extended for 1 to 11 months (mean of 5.2 months for the glatiramer acetate group and 5.9 months for the placebo group). The blinding and study conditions used during the core 24-month study were unchanged throughout the extension. The results of this extension study confirm the excellent tolerance and safety profile of glatiramer acetate for injection. The clinical benefit of glatiramer acetate for both the relapse rate and for neurologic disability was sustained at the end of the extension trial.
Reversible pH-Induced Dissociation of Glucose Dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium II. Kinetics and Mechanism (1987)

Glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium exists as a stable, active tetramer at pH 6.5. By shifting the pH to 9, the enzyme is, completely and reversibly, dissociated into four inactive protomers. Kinetics and mechanism of this pH-induced dissociation have been studied, at various enzyme concentrations, by ultraviolet absorption, circular dichroism, normal and stopped-flow fluorescence as well as by light scattering and activity measurements. Dissociation of the fully active tetramer proceeds via three distinct kinetic steps: (1) fast conformational rearrangement of the tetramer, without any loss of activity (t1/2 0.0075 sec); (2) slow isomerization to a tetramer with lower specific activity (t1/2 27 sec); (3) subsequent dissociation of this rearranged tetramer into inactive monomers (t1/2 114 sec) with still intact native secondary structure. All three processes follow first-order kinetics. Both rate and extent of the dissociation are reduced, with a concomitant shift to higher reaction orders, by increasing the NaCl concentration in the buffer. This suggests the establishment of a dissociation/association equilibrium, due to the concentration-dependent stabilization of the tetrameric enzyme state by NaCl.
Humidity Sensors: A Review of Materials and Mechanisms (2005)

We have reviewed humidity sensors based on various materials for both relative and absolute humidity, including ceramic, semiconducting, and polymer materials. In the majority of publications, there are few papers dealing with absolute humidity sensors, which have extensive applications in industry. We reviewed extensively absolute humidity sensors in this article, which is unique comparing with other reviews of humidity sensors. The electrical properties of humidity sensors such as sensitivity, response time, and stability have been described in details for various materials and a considerable part of the review is focused on the sensing mechanisms. In addition, preparation and characterization of sensing materials are also described. For absolute humidity sensors, mirrorbased dew-point sensors and solid-state Al2O3 moisture sensors have been described. As the major problem in Al2O3 moisture sensors, long-term instability, has been solved, � -Al2O3 moisture sensors may have promising future in industry.
Prospects of CO2 Utilization via Direct Heterogeneous Electrochemical Reduction (2010)

This Perspective highlights recent efforts and opportunities in the heterogeneous electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to help address the global issues of climate change and sustainable energy production. Recent research has shown that the electrochemical reduction of CO2 can produce a variety of organic compounds such as formic acid, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethylene with high current efficiency. These products can be used as feedstocks for chemical synthesis or converted into hydrocarbon fuels. This process is of interest (i) for the recycling of CO2 as an energy carrier, thereby reducing its accumulation in the atmosphere, (ii) for the production of renewable hydrocarbon fuels from CO2, water, and renewable electricity for use as transportation fuels, and (iii) as a convenient means of storing electrical energy in chemical form to level the electrical output from intermittent energy sources such as wind and solar. Accomplishments to date in this field of study have been encouraging, yet substantial advances in catalyst, electrolyte, and reactor design are needed for CO2 utilization via electrochemical conversion to become a technology that can help address climate change and shift society to renewable energy sources.
Plasminogen: Purification from Human Plasma by Affinity Chromatography (1970)

Plasminogen was prepared from human plasma by affinity chromatography on L-lysine-substituted Sepharose. Thirty milligrams of plasminogen, with a specific activity of 100 caseinolytic units (Committee on Thrombolytic Agents) per milligram of nitrogen, were obtained from 340 milliliters of plasma. This corresponds to over 200-fold purification from plasma. Disc-gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3 indicated seven distinct bands, all of which contained activity.
Constitutive Expression of Escherichia coli tat Genes Indicates an Important Role for the Twin-Arginine Translocase during Aerobic and Anaerobic Growth (2001)

The transcription start sites for the tatABCD and tatE loci, encoding components of the Tat (twin-arginine translocase) protein export pathway, have been identified. Expression studies indicate that the tatABCD and tatE transcription units are expressed constitutively. Translational fusion experiments suggest that TatA is synthesized at a much higher level than the other Tat proteins.
Congenital heart disease (1993)

Link, Kerry M. MD*; Loehr, Stephen P. BA*; Martin, Eric M. PhD*; Lesko, Nadja M. MD† Author Information