gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multistable Behaviors of Compliant Sarrus Mechanisms (2013)

Multistable mechanisms providing spatial motion could be useful in numerous applications; this paper explores the multistable behavior of the overconstrained spatial Sarrus mechanisms with compliant joints (CSMs). The mechanism analysis is simplified by considering it as two submechanisms. The kinetostatics of CSMs have been formulated based on the pseudorigid-body method for compliant members at any combination of joints. The kinetostatic results show that a CSM is capable of exhibiting bistability, tristability, and quadristability. The type of behavior is found to depend on the initial (as-fabricated) position and the relative limit positions of the two submechanisms. Possible applications of multistable CSMs include deployable structures, static balancing of human/robot bodies, and weight compensators.
Isolation and characterization of a light chain variable region gene for human rheumatoid factors. (1987)

Previously, we isolated a Vk gene (Humkv325) from a human placenta that encodes RF light chains bearing the PSL2 and PSL3 CRI markers. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a second human Vk gene (Humkv328) that can be used for RF synthesis. This Vk gene probably encodes at least two 6B6.6 CRI+ RF light chains (Les and Pom) from unrelated subjects, and thus may be related to the light chain-associated 6B6.6 CRI.
The C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals: a conserved structure with an essential function. (1988)

Using DNA encoding the largest subunit of Drosophila melanogaster RNA polymerase II, we isolated the homologous hamster RPO21 gene. Nucleotide sequencing of both the hamster and D. melanogaster RPO21 DNAs confirmed that the RPO21 polypeptides of these two species, like the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RPO21 polypeptide, contain both an N-terminal region homologous to the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase subunit beta' and a unique polymerase II-specific C-terminal domain. This C-terminal domain, encoded by separate exons in the D. melanogaster and hamster genes, consists of a tandemly repeated heptapeptide sequence. By constructing a series of deletions in DNA encoding the 26 heptapeptide repeats normally present in the S. cerevisiae RPO21 polypeptide, we have established that a minimum of between 9 and 11 repeats is necessary for RPO21 function in yeast cells. Replacement of the yeast RPO21 heptapeptide repeats by the longer hamster repetitive domain resulted in viable yeast cells with no detectable mutant phenotype, while a similar replacement of the yeast repeats by the more divergent D. melanogaster repeats was a recessive lethal mutation. We suggest that this novel repetitive domain is essential for proper initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II and that it may mediate the functions of TATA boxes, upstream activating sequences, and enhancers.
A Simple Yet Robust Caching Algorithm Based on Dynamic Access Patterns (1994)

The World-Wide Web continues its remarkable and seemingly unregulated growth. This growth has seen a corresponding increase in network loads and user response times. One common approach for improving the retrieval rate of large, distributed documents is via caching. In this paper, we present a caching algorithm that flexibly adapt its parameters to the hit rates and access patterns of users requesting documents. The algorithm is derived from an analysis of user accesses in a WWW database. In particular, the analysis is based upon a model from psychological research on human memory, which has long studied retrieval of memory items based on frequency and recency rates of past item occurrences. Results show that the model predicts document access with a high degree of accuracy. Furthermore, the model indicates that a caching algorithm based upon the recency rates of prior document access will reliably handle future document requests. The algorithm presented is simple, robust, and easily i...
THE USE OF FLUORESCENT PROBES IN IMMUNOCHEMISTRY* (1990)

The limitations and advantages of particular dyes for labelling proteins and other biological materials are discussed. Methods available for conjugating dyes to proteins are outlined. Following a discussion of double labelling methods the use of photoactivatable fluorochromes and time resolved fluorescence methodologies are outlined. The reasons for the photoinstability of some fluorochromes are discussed and methods for overcoming the problem are described.
Interleukin-2 in Association with Increasing Doses of Interferon-Gamma in Patients with Advanced Cancer (1992)

Twenty-seven patients with evaluable metastatic cancer were treated with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and escalating doses of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). rIL-2 was infused over a 15 min period at a constant dose (8 x 10(6) IU/m2/8 h x 5 days first cycle, and 8 x 10(6) IU/m2/12 h x 5 days second and third cycles, with 9 days rest between each cycle). IFN-gamma was started 4 days before each cycle of rIL-2 and was given every other day at a dosage of 1 x 10(6) U/m2 x 3/cycle (four patients), 5 x 10(6) U/m2 x 3/cycle (four patients), 5 x 10(6) U/m2 x 5/cycle (four patients) and 10 x 10(6) U/m2 x 5/cycle (15 patients). Common side effects were fluid retention and hepatic toxicity (27 and 15% grade greater than or equal to 2); one ischemic chest pains and one acute respiratory distress occurred. Toxicities were not greater than those described with high dose rIL-2 alone and were similar in each dose level of IFN-gamma. No patient died from the procedure. Four patients responded, one complete response and three partial responses; all were treated with 25 or 50 x 10(6) U/m2/cycle of IFN-gamma (melanoma, two patients; renal cell carcinoma, one patient; lymphoma, one patient). Further phase II studies at these dosages are justified to precisely define the antitumoral efficacy of this association.
Identification of novel staphylococcal virulence genes byin vivoexpression technology (1998)

We have applied in vivo expression technology (IVET) to the study of staphylococcal virulence. Using a promoter trap that relies on genetic recombination as a reporter of gene expression, we identified 45 staphylococcal genes that are induced during infection in a murine renal abscess model. Of these, only six were known previously; 11 others have homology to known non-staphylococcal genes. The known staphylococcal genes include agrA, part of a key locus regulating numerous virulence products, and a glycerol ester hydrolase, which may enhance staphylococcal survival in abscesses. We constructed 11 strains containing mutations in previously unknown ivi genes. Of these strains, seven were significantly attenuated in virulence compared with the wild-type parent. The mutagenized ivi genes may encode novel staphylococcal virulence factors.
IMMUNIZATION THERAPY OF WARTS (1944)

ETIOLOGY Although Bonjour<sup>1</sup>only thirteen years ago characterized the "theory of the contagiousness of warts" (and condylomata acuminata) as an error, their infectious character must be considered as proved. Observations reported in the literature support this conclusion. The appearance of warts in pruritic dermatoses, their occurrence in linear scratch marks, their simultaneous presence in members of the same household and their occurrence in physicians following injuries contracted in connection with their removal had long suggested the inoculability of warts. This was definitely proved by Jadassohn's experiments which he demonstrated and discussed at a meeting of the German natural scientists and physicians (Vienna, 1894) and, more extensively, at a congress of the German Dermatologic Society (Graz, 1895).<sup>2</sup>Corresponding reports referring to 1 case each were published by Variot<sup>3</sup>in 1894 and De Fine Licht<sup>4</sup>in 1895. As early as 1895 Jadassohn,<sup>2</sup>conscious of
Uromodulin promoter directs high-level expression of biologically active human α1-antitrypsin into mouse urine (2002)

We have recently shown that the regulatory sequence of the uromodulin gene, containing the 3.7 kb promoter, exon 1 and a part of exon 2, provided for kidney-specific expression of the reporter lacZ gene in transgenic mice [Zbikowska, Soukhareva, Behnam, Chang, Drews, Lubon, Hammond and Soukharev (2002) Transgenic Res., in the press]. In the present study, we generated transgenic mice harbouring the regulatory sequence of the uromodulin gene to direct the expression of human alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1AT) into urine. Of the 13 founder mice that tested positive by PCR, seven showed the presence of the human protein in their urine. The concentration of the recombinant human (rh) alpha1AT in the urine, estimated by using ELISA, ranged from 0.5 to 14 microg/ml in the F(0)-generation mice, and reached up to 65 microg/ml in the F1 generation. The transgenically produced rh alpha1AT was found to be N-glycosylated and biologically active. The N-terminal sequence analysis confirmed the identity of the human protein and revealed that the recombinant alpha1AT was correctly processed with the signal peptide cleaved off. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the uromodulin regulatory sequence provides a very attractive option for the potential large-scale production of functional therapeutic proteins in livestock.
Age-associated memory impairment diagnoses: Problems of reliability and concerns for terminology. (1991)

Objective memory criteria for diagnosing age-associated memory impairment (AAMI), age-consistent memory impairment, and late-life forgetfulness (LLF) were applied to 523 cognitively normal older persons divided into 2 groups on the basis of the clinical memory assessment battery they received. Seventy-seven percent of Group 2 and 98% of Group 1 met the Crook et al. (1986) cognitive criteria for AAMI on at least 1 test. Rates based on individual tests varied from 7% to 96%. Objective-cognitive criteria for LLF were met by no members of Group 1 but by 31% of Group 2. Results suggest that, as proposed, the criteria for age-related diagnoses lack reliability. Concerns regarding the diagnosis of normal memory in older populations are considered.
Efficient dispersal of information for security, load balancing, and fault tolerance (1989)

An Information Dispersal Algorithm (IDA) is developed that breaks a file F of length L = ↿ F ↾ into n pieces F i , l ≤ i ≤ n , each of length ↿ F i ↾ = L / m , so that every m pieces suffice for reconstructing F . Dispersal and reconstruction are computationally efficient. The sum of the lengths ↿ F i ↾ is ( n / m ) · L . Since n / m can be chosen to be close to l, the IDA is space efficient. IDA has numerous applications to secure and reliable storage of information in computer networks and even on single disks, to fault-tolerant and efficient transmission of information in networks, and to communications between processors in parallel computers. For the latter problem provably time-efficient and highly fault-tolerant routing on the n -cube is achieved, using just constant size buffers.
Predictive factors for tumor response to chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer. (2001)

Patients with a poor performance status, hypoalbuminemia, jaundice, or peritoneal dissemination might be inappropriate candidates for systemic chemotherapy and might be treated with other experimental approaches or supportive care.
SYNTHESIS OF ARYL 5-(2-CHLOROPHENYL)-2-FUROATES UNDER PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS (2002)

ABSTRACT The steric hindered esters, aryl 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-furoates (3a–o), are synthesized via the reaction of 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-furoic acid (1) with thionyl chloride and phenols under liquid–liquid phase transfer catalysis in excellent yield.
Resonant-enhanced evanescent-wave fluorescence biosensing with cylindrical optical cavities (2001)

We show that the artificial resonances of dielectric optical cavities can be used to enhance the detection sensitivity of evanescent-wave optical fluorescence biosensors to the binding of a labeled analyte with a biospecific monolayer. Resonant coupling of power into the optical cavity allows for efficient use of the long photon lifetimes (or equivalently, the high internal power) of the high-Q whispering gallery modes to increase the probability of photon absorption into the fluorophore, thereby enhancing fluorescence emission. A method to compare the intrinsic sensitivity between resonant cavity and waveguide formats is also developed. Using realistic estimates for dielectric cylindrical cavities in both bulk and integrated configurations, we can expect sensitivity enhancement by at least an order of magnitude over standard waveguide evanescent sensors of equivalent sensing geometries. In addition, the required sample volume can be reduced significantly. The cylindrical cavity format is compatible with a large variety of sensing modalities such as immunoassay and molecular diagnostic assay.
Biochemical Characterization of the Penta-EF-hand Protein Grancalcin and Identification of L-plastin as a Binding Partner (2001)

Grancalcin is a recently described Ca(2+)-binding protein especially abundant in human neutrophils. Grancalcin belongs to the penta-EF-hand subfamily of EF-hand proteins, which also comprises calpain, sorcin, peflin, and ALG-2. Penta-EF-hand members are typified by two novel types of EF-hands: one that binds Ca(2+) although it has an unusual Ca(2+) coordination loop and one that does not bind Ca(2+) but is directly involved in homodimerization. We have developed a novel method for purification of native grancalcin and found that the N terminus of wild-type grancalcin is acetylated. This posttranslational modification does not affect the secondary structure or conformation of the protein. We found that both native and recombinant grancalcin always exists as a homodimer, regardless of the Ca(2+) load. Flow dialysis showed that recombinant grancalcin binds two Ca(2+) per subunit with positive cooperativity and moderate affinity ([Ca(2+)](0.5) of 25 and 83 microm in the presence and absence of octyl glycoside, respectively) and that the sites are of the Ca(2+)-specific type. Furthermore, we showed, by several independent methods, that grancalcin undergoes important conformational changes upon binding of Ca(2+) and subsequently exposes hydrophobic amino acid residues, which direct the protein to hydrophobic surfaces. By affinity chromatography of solubilized human neutrophils on immobilized grancalcin, L-plastin, a leukocyte-specific actin-bundling protein, was found to interact with grancalcin in a negative Ca(2+)-dependent manner. This was substantiated by co-immunoprecipitation of grancalcin by anti-L-plastin antibodies and vice versa.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-, 3-, and 4-Acylaminocinnamyl-Nhydroxyamides as Novel Synthetic HDAC Inhibitors (2005)

A new series of 2-, 3-, and 4-acylaminocinnamyl-N-hydroxyamides 1-3 have been prepared, and their anti-HDAC (against maize HD2, HD1-B, and HD1-A enzymes) activities have been assessed. Cinnamyl-hydroxyamides bearing acylamino substituents at the C2 position of the benzene ring (compounds 1a-g) showed very low HDAC inhibiting activities, with IC(50) values in the high micromolar range. By shifting the same acylamino groups from C2 to C3 (compounds 2a-g) as well as C4 (compounds 3a-f) position of the benzene ring, a number of highly potent HDAC inhibitors have been obtained. In the anti-HD2 assay 3c (IC(50) = 11 nM) was the most potent compound, being >11600-, 4.5-, and 10-fold more potent than sodium valproate, SAHA, and HC-toxin, respectively, and showing the same activity as trapoxin. HD1-B and HD1-A assays have been performed to screen the inhibitory action of 1-3 against mammalian class I (HD1-B) and class II (HD1-A) HDAC homologous enzymes. From the corresponding IC(50) data, a selectivity ratio has been calculated. In general, compounds 1-3 showed no or little selectivity towards the class II homologue HD1-A, the most selective being 2a with class II selectivity ratio = 4.3. About the inhibitory potency, the 4-(2-naphthoylamino)cinnamyl-N-hydroxyamide 3f showed the highest inhibiting effect against the two enzymes (IC(50-HD1-B) = 36 nM; IC(50-HD1-A) = 42 nM). Selected 2 and 3 compounds will be evaluated to determine their antiproliferative and cyto differentiating activities on HL-60 cells.
Foreign DNA Integration (2001)

In hamster cells transgenic for the DNA of adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) or for the DNA of bacteriophage lambda, the patterns of DNA methylation in specific cellular genes or DNA segments remote from the site of transgene insertion were altered. In the present report, a wide scope of cellular DNA segments and genes was analyzed. The technique of methylation-sensitive representational difference analysis (MS-RDA) was based on a subtractive hybridization protocol after selecting against DNA segments that were heavily methylated and hence rarely cleaved by the methylation-sensitive endonuclease HpaII. The MS-RDA protocol led to the isolation of several cellular DNA segments that were indeed more heavily methylated in lambda DNA-transgenic hamster cell lines. By applying the suppressive subtractive hybridization technique to cDNA preparations from nontransgenic and Ad12-transformed or lambda DNA-transgenic hamster cells, several cellular genes with altered transcription patterns were cloned from Ad12-transformed or lambda DNA-transgenic hamster cells. Many of the DNA segments with altered methylation, which were isolated by a newly developed methylation-sensitive amplicon subtraction protocol, and cDNA fragments derived from genes with altered transcription patterns were identified by their nucleotide sequences. In control experiments, no differences in gene expression or DNA methylation patterns were detectable among individual nontransgenic BHK21 cell clones. In one mouse line transgenic for the DNA of bacteriophage lambda, hypermethylation was observed in the imprinted Igf2r gene in DNA from heart muscle. Two mouse lines transgenic for an adenovirus promoter-indicator gene construct showed hypomethylation in the interleukin 10 and Igf2r loci. We conclude that the insertion of foreign DNA into an established mammalian genome can lead to alterations in cellular DNA methylation and transcription patterns. It is conceivable that the genes and DNA segments affected by these alterations depend on the site(s) of foreign DNA insertion.
[Dementia with Lewy bodies]. (2012)

Current concepts on the clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), that makes up 10% percent of dementia cases, are considered. The nosological status of DLB and the correlation between DLB and Parkinson's disease are reviewed in the historical context. The authors suggest approaches to the formulation of diagnosis and coding of DLB in according to ICD-10. A role of cholinesterase inhibitors, antipsychotic drugs, levodopa, razagiline and other drugs in the treatment of DLB is analyzed.
Acute graft-versus-host disease: from the bench to the bedside (2009)

Abstract During the past decade, progress in basic immunology has been impressive. In parallel, whereas our understanding of the pathophysiology of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has greatly improved, so has our knowledge of the complexities of the immune system. Much of the immunobiology of acute GVHD has been gleaned from preclinical models and far less from correlations with clinical observations or therapeutic interventions. In this review, we summarize some of the major advances in GVHD pathophysiology, including the translation of these from the bench to the bedside, and discuss preclinical approaches that warrant further exploration in the clinic.
High incidence of hyponatremia in patients with ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms (2000)

We studied the incidence and timing of hyponatremia (Na < 135 mEq l-1) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with special reference to ruptured anterior communicating artery (A-com) aneurysms. Hunt and Kosnik (HK) grading, symptomatic vasospasm in A-com aneurysm, and hydrocephalus were analyzed for connections to hyponatremia in 55 patients with ruptured A-com aneurysms, 65 with ruptured internal cerebral artery (ICA) aneurysms, and 49 with ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms. Hyponatremia occurred in 28 (51%) of 55 patients with A-com aneurysms and in nine (18%) of 49 patients with MCA aneurysms. Severe hyponatremia (Na < 130 mEq l-1) occurred in 16 patients (29%) in the A-com group, four patients (6%) in the ICA group, and three patients (6%) in the MCA group. The A-com aneurysm group had a significantly higher incidence of mild hyponatremia (p < 0.01) and severe hyponatremia (p < 0.001) than other groups. Among A-com cases, hyponatremia occurred significantly more often in HK grade III and IV cases (p < 0.05), in cases with vasospasm (p < 0.001), and in cases with hydrocephalus (p < 0.01). Respective days of onset for symptomatic vasospasm and for hyponatremia were day 7.6 +/- 4.4 and day 10.6 +/- 5.8 following SAH, representing a 3-day delay for hyponatremia (p < 0.05). In most patients hyponatremia resolved within 28 days following SAH. Hyponatremia occurred more often with A-com aneurysms, possibly because of vasospasm around the A-com or hydrocephalus causing hypothalamic dysfunction. Since hypervolemic therapy can cause hyponatremia, particularly careful observation is required during such therapy in patients with A-com aneurysm.
Vehicular implementations of public key cryptographic techniques (1991)

The author discusses public key cryptography techniques offering solutions to the unique problems associated with transaction authentication procedures using the open communication channel between a vehicle and an unprotected ground terminal. Valuable secrets embedded in costly security modules are not kept at the terminals. Playback of recorded taped communications or attempts at rehashing messages would be useless, and will not assist illicit falsification or forging of subsequent transactions. To prevent the unauthorized use of the crediting facility of a vehicle, an integral part of this facility is to be carried by the driver when the vehicle is not in operation. This can be integrated into existing electronic ignition keys. A public key cryptographic module installed in a vehicle can also be used for theft prevention by enhancing both ignition security and remote controlled door locking/unlocking mechanisms. The same device can be used for authenticating smartcard-based prepayment systems for parking or toll-road usage. This methodology is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>