gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure Activity Relationship of Homochiral 7-Substituted 1-Aminoindans as 5-HT1A Receptor Ligands (1998)

A series of homochiral 7-substituted 1-aminoindans was prepared by means of asymmetric reductive amination from racemic 7-substituted 1-indanones via E-imines and E-imine/enamine mixtures, respectively, and subjected to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtype binding studies. The ee's of the title compounds were determined by HPLC of the corresponding Mosher's amides and range from 96 to 99.9%. The absolute configuration was elucidated by means of correlation CD spectroscopy. On the basis of the pK1 values obtained from various test systems, structure activity relationships have been established with respect to the absolute configuration, degree of N-alkylation, and the type of 7-substituents. The tested 1-aminoindans show the highest affinity to the 5-HT1A receptor, with decreasing magnitude for the 5-HT2A, 5-HT1D, and 5-HT2C receptors. The highest affinities for the 5-HT1A receptor were observed for the R-(-)-7-propoxy-1-(di-n-propylamino)indan hydrochloride (R-(-)-30). S,S'-(+)-7-benzylamido-1-(1-phenylethylamino)indan hydrochloride [S,S'-(+)-19] and R-(-)-7-methoxy-1-(di-n-propylamino)indan hydrogenembonate (R-(-)-29) with pK1 = 7.07 +/- 0.19, 6.40 +/- 0.09, and 6.22 +/- 0.10, respectively, in comparison to 8-OH-DPAT with pK1 = 8.70 +/- 0.30. Nearly all other compounds showed low affinity at all 5-HT receptors tested. The three above mentioned ligands were tested on HeLa cells (cell line HA6) expressing recombinant human 5-HT1A receptors for their effects on forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in intact cells. Both the di-n-propylamino substituent bearing R-(-)-30 and R-(-)-29 acted as efficacious agonists with a pEC50 value of 5.89 +/- 0.20 for R-(-)-30 compared to 5-HT with a pEC50 value of 8.06 +/- 0.14, S,S'-(+)-19 with the 1-phenylethylamino substituent was devoid of intrinsic activity up to the highest tested concentration (10 microM).
A comparison of bitewing radiography and fibreoptic illumination as adjuncts to the clinical identification of approximal caries in primary and permanent molars. (1998)

A clinical study was conducted on 150 approximal surfaces which were positive for caries by fibreoptic transillumination (FOTI), and these approximal surfaces were examined with bitewing radiography. Of these 54.7% and 41.3% were diagnosable through bitewing radiography and clinical examination respectively. And it was clearly understood that FOTI was a reliable method in detecting approximal carious lesions.
Monoenergetic source of kilodalton ions from Taylor cones of ionic liquids (2007)

The ionic liquid ion sources (ILISs) recently introduced by Lozano and Martinez Sanchez [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 282, 415 (2005)], based on electrochemically etched tungsten tips as emitters for Taylor cones of ionic liquids (ILs), have been tested with ionic liquids [A+B−] of increasing molecular weight and viscosity. These ILs have electrical conductivities well below 1S∕m and were previously thought to be unsuitable to operate in the purely ionic regime because their Taylor cones produce mostly charged drops from conventional capillary tube sources. Strikingly, all the ILs tried on ILIS form charged beams composed exclusively of small ions and cluster ions A+(AB)n or B−(AB)n, with abundances generally peaking at n=1. Particularly interesting are the positive and negative ion beams produced from the room temperature molten salts 1-methyl-3-pentylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate (C5MI–(C2F5)3PF3) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(pentafluoroethyl) sulfonylimide (EMI–(C2F5SO3)2N). We extend to these heavier species the previous conclusions from Lozano and Martinez Sanchez on the narrow energy distributions of the ion beams. In combination with suitable ILs, this source yields nanoamphere currents of positive and negative monoenergetic molecular ions with masses exceeding 2000amu. Potential applications are in biological secondary ion mass spectrometry, chemically assisted high-resolution ion beam etching, and electrical propulsion. Advantages of the ILISs versus similar liquid metal ion sources include the possibility to form negative as well as positive ion beams and a much wider range of ion compositions and molecular masses.
Fabrication and ethanol sensing characteristics of ZnO nanowire gas sensors (2004)

Based on the achievement of synthesis of ZnO nanowires in mass production, ZnO nanowires gas sensors were fabricated with microelectromechanical system technology and ethanol-sensing characteristics were investigated. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity and fast response to ethanol gas at a work temperature of 300 °C. Our results demonstrate the potential application of ZnO nanowires for fabricating highly sensitive gas sensors.
"Diversomers": an approach to nonpeptide, nonoligomeric chemical diversity. (1993)

Solid-phase chemistry, organic synthesis, and an apparatus for multiple, simultaneous synthesis have been combined to generate libraries of organic compounds ("diversomers"). Arrays of compounds were synthesized over two to three steps incorporating chemically diverse building blocks on a polystyrene-based solid support in a multiple, simultaneous manner. The generality of this approach is illustrated by the syntheses of dipeptides, hydantoins, and benzodiazepines.
The arginine repressor of Escherichia coli. (1994)

This review tells the story of the arginine repressor of Escherichia coli from the time of its discovery in the 1950s until the present. It describes how the research progressed through physiological, genetic, and biochemical phases and how the nature of the repressor and its interaction with its target sites were unraveled. The studies of the repression of arginine biosynthesis revealed unique features at every level of the investigations. In the early phase of the work they showed that the genes controlled by the arginine repressor were scattered over the linkage map and were not united, as in other cases, in a single operon. This led to the concept of the regulon as a physiological unit of regulation. It was also shown that different alleles of the arginine repressor could result in either inhibition of enzyme formation, as in E. coli K-12, or in stimulation of enzyme formation, as in E. coli B. Later it was shown that the arginine repressor is a hexamer, whereas other repressors of biosynthetic pathways are dimers. As a consequence the arginine repressor binds to two palindromic sites rather than to one. It was found that the arginine repressor not only acts in the repression of enzyme synthesis but also is required for the resolution of plasmid multimers to monomers, a completely unrelated function. Finally, the arginine repressor does not possess characteristic structural features seen in other prokaryotic repressors, such as a helix-turn-helix motif or an antiparallel beta-sheet motif. The unique features have sustained continuous interest in the arginine repressor and have made it a challenging subject of investigation.
A cooperative algorithm for stereo matching and occlusion detection (2000)

Presents a stereo algorithm for obtaining disparity maps with occlusion explicitly detected. To produce smooth and detailed disparity maps, two assumptions that were originally proposed by Marr and Poggio (1976, 1979) are adopted: uniqueness and continuity. That is, the disparity maps have a unique value per pixel and are continuous almost everywhere. These assumptions are enforced within a three-dimensional array of match values in disparity space. Each match value corresponds to a pixel in an image and a disparity relative to another image. An iterative algorithm updates the match values by diffusing support among neighboring values and inhibiting others along similar lines of sight. By applying the uniqueness assumption, occluded regions can be explicitly identified. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, we present the processing results from synthetic and real image pairs, including ones with ground-truth values for quantitative comparison with other methods.
The Severity of Dependence Scale detects people with medication overuse: the Akershus study of chronic headache (2009)

The SDS questionnaire detects medication overuse and dependency-like behaviour in persons with primary chronic headache.
Pacing for the suppression of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in an 87-year-old patient. (2003)

The clinical presentation of sinus node dysfunction and related conduction abnormalities is common in the elderly. Pharmacologic management is often a challenge in the presence of the advanced age and concomitant disease processes. In individuals who have paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or are likely to develop this and who need a pacemaker for standard indications, the availability of an AF Suppression algorithm may facilitate their management without needed to use medications or being able to utilize lower doses of those medications.
Monoclonal antibodies against murine IFN-gamma abrogate in vivo tumor immunity against RSV-induced murine sarcomas. (1987)

Previous work has shown that immunization of syngeneic mice with v-src-induced sarcomas gives rise to specific protection against a lethal dose of v-src-transformed fibroblasts. This immune response is mediated by Lyt-1+, Lyt-2,3+ T lymphocytes, with no apparent involvement of cytotoxic T cells, as shown in Winn-type assays. Immune cells mediating tumor rejection in this system have now been further characterized, and it was found that L3T4+ T lymphocytes alone provided full protection against v-src-induced sarcomas. Moreover, the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the tumor rejection was analyzed. A monoclonal antibody directed against this lymphokine was able to reverse the protective effect displayed by immune T lymphocytes, by eliciting highly effective T suppressor cells. It was thus concluded that T cells with L3T4 surface marker are the main thing responsible for the adoptive immunity in this tumor system, and the activity of these cells is positively modulated by lymphokines such as IFN-gamma.
A novel high-speed, 5-volt programming EPROM structure with source-side injection (1986)

A novel source-side injection EPROM (SIEPROM) structure [1] capable of 5-volt only, high speed programming is described. The cell is an asymmetrical n-channel stacked-gate MOSFET, with a short weak gate-control region introduced close to the source. Under high gate bias, a strong channel electric field is created in this local region even at a relatively low drain voltage. Furthermore, the gate oxide field in this region is favorable for hot-electron injection into the floating gate. As a result, a programming speed of 10 µs at a drain voltage of 5 volts has been demonstrated. Also, a soft-write endurance time of 10 years with a read current larger than 100 µA per µm width can be readily achieved.
A Novel cis-Acting Element in Promoters of Plant B-Type Cyclin Genes Activates M Phase–Specific Transcription (1998)

Plant B-type cyclin genes are expressed late in the G2 and M phases of the cell cycle. Previously, we showed that the promoter of a Catharanthus roseus B-type cyclin, CYM, could direct M phase-specific transcription of a beta-glucuronidase reporter gene in synchronously dividing BY2 tobacco cells. In this study, we determined the regulatory elements contained within the CYM promoter by using a luciferase reporter gene. Mutational analysis showed that a 9-bp element is essential for M phase-specific promoter activity in synchronized BY2 cells. The CYM promoter contains three other sequences similar to this element. A gain-of-function assay demonstrated that when fused to a heterologous promoter, these elements are sufficient for M phase-specific expression; therefore, we named these elements M-specific activators (MSAs). We found MSA-like sequences in B-type cyclin promoters from tobacco, soybean, and Arabidopsis as well as in the promoters of two M phase-specific genes, NACK1 and NACK2, which encode tobacco kinesin-like proteins. Thus, MSA may be a common cis-acting promoter element that controls M phase-specific expression of cell cycle-related genes in plants.
Treatment of advanced tumors with agonistic anti-GITR mAb and its effects on tumor-infiltrating Foxp3 + CD25 + CD4 + regulatory T cells (2005)

T cell stimulation via glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family–related protein (GITR) can evoke effective tumor immunity. A single administration of agonistic anti-GITR monoclonal antibody (mAb) to tumor-bearing mice intravenously or directly into tumors provoked potent tumor-specific immunity and eradicated established tumors without eliciting overt autoimmune disease. A large number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, including interferon (IFN)-γ–secreting cells, infiltrated regressing tumors. Tumor-specific IFN-γ–secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells also increased in the spleen. The treatment led to tumor rejection in IFN-γ–intact mice but not IFN-γ–deficient mice. Furthermore, coadministration of anti-GITR and anti–CTLA-4 mAbs had a synergistic effect, leading to eradication of more advanced tumors. In contrast, coadministration of anti-CD25 and anti-GITR mAbs was less effective than anti-GITR treatment alone, because anti-CD25 depleted both CD25+-activated effector T cells and CD25+CD4+ naturally occurring regulatory T (T reg) cells. Importantly, CD4+ T cells expressing the T reg–specific transcription factor Foxp3 predominantly infiltrated growing tumors in control mice, indicating that tumor-infiltrating natural Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ T reg cells may hamper the development of effective tumor immunity. Taken together, T cell stimulation through GITR attenuates T reg–mediated suppression or enhances tumor-killing by CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells, including those secreting IFN-γ, or both. Agonistic anti-GITR mAb is therefore instrumental in treating advanced cancers.
Spectrometer-free vibrational imaging by retrieving stimulated Raman signal from highly scattered photons (2015)

In vivo vibrational spectroscopic imaging is inhibited by relatively slow spectral acquisition on the second scale and low photon collection efficiency for a highly scattering system. Recently developed multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and stimulated Raman scattering techniques have improved the spectral acquisition time down to microsecond scale. These methods using a spectrometer setting are not suitable for turbid systems in which nearly all photons are scattered. We demonstrate vibrational imaging by spatial frequency multiplexing of incident photons and single photodiode detection of a stimulated Raman spectrum within 60 μs. Compared to the spectrometer setting, our method improved the photon collection efficiency by two orders of magnitude for highly scattering specimens. We demonstrated in vivo imaging of vitamin E distribution on mouse skin and in situ imaging of human breast cancerous tissues. The reported work opens new opportunities for spectroscopic imaging in a surgical room and for development of deep-tissue Raman spectroscopy toward molecular level diagnosis.
DataBlade extensions for INFORMIX-Universal Server (2002)

In September 1996, Informix Software released the first version of its new object-relational database management system to developers and partners. This system, called the INFORMIX-Universal Server, supported a new way of building and deploying database applications. Developers could write software modules, called DataBlade extensions, that extended the database server with knowledge of new types and operations. This paper describes the architecture of INFORMIX-Universal Server and how it supports DataBlade extensions. The paper describes the way that DataBlade developers and application developers interact with the server. Finally, it describes a set of DataBlade extensions that were available for the server at the end of 1996.
West Nile Virus Vaccine. (2001)

Within the past 5 years, West Nile encephalitis has emerged as an important disease of humans and horses in Europe. In 1999, the disease appeared for the first time in the northeastern United States. West Nile virus (a mosquito-borne flavivirus) has flourished in the North American ecosystem and is expected to expand its geographic range. In this review, the rationale for a human and veterinary vaccine is presented and a novel approach for rapid development of a molecularly-defined, live, attenuated vaccine is described. The technology (ChimeriVax) is applicable to the development of vaccines against all flaviviruses, and products against Japanese encephalitis (a close relative of West Nile) and dengue are in or are nearing clinical trials, respectively. ChimeriVax vaccines utilize the safe and effective vaccine against the prototype flavivirus -yellow fever 17D- as a live vector. Infectious clone technology is used to replace the genes encoding the pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) protein of yellow fever 17D vaccine with the corresponding genes of the target virus (e.g., West Nile). The resulting chimeric virus contains the antigens responsible for protection against West Nile but retains the replication efficiency of yellow fever 17D. The ChimeriVax technology is well-suited to the rapid development of a West Nile vaccine, and clinical trials could begin as early as mid-2002. Other approaches to vaccine development are briefly reviewed. The aim of this brief review is to describe the features of West Nile encephalitis, a newly introduced infectious disease affecting humans, horses and wildlife in the United States; the rationale for rapid development of vaccines; and approaches to the development of vaccines against the disease.
VLSI Processor Architecture (1984)

A processor architecture attempts to compromise between the needs of programs hosted on the architecture and the performance attainable in implementing the architecture. The needs of programs are most accurately reflected by the dynamic use of the instruction set as the target for a high level language compiler. In VLSI, the issue of implementation of an instruction set architecture is significant in determining the features of the architecture. Recent processor architectures have focused on two major trends: large microcoded instruction sets and simplified, or reduced, instruction sets. The attractiveness of these two approaches is affected by the choice of a single-chip implementation. The two different styles require different tradeoffs to attain an implementation in silicon with a reasonable area. The two styles consume the chip area for different purposes, thus achieving performance by different strategies. In a VLSI implementation of an architecture, many problems can arise from the base technology and its limitations. Although circuit design techniques can help alleviate many of these problems, the architects must be aware of these limitations and understand their implications at the instruction set level.
MOFs for Use in Adsorption Heat Pump Processes (2011)

Abstract Thermally driven heat pumps can significantly help to minimize primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions generated by industrial or domestic heating and cooling processes. This is achieved by using solar or waste heat as the operating energy rather than electricity or fossil fuels. One of the most promising technologies in this context is based on the evaporation and consecutive adsorption of coolant liquids, preferably water, under specific conditions. The efficiency of this process is first and foremost governed by the microporosity, hydrophilicity, and hydrothermal stability of the sorption material employed. Traditionally, inorganic porous substances like silica gel, aluminophosphates, or zeolites have been investigated for this purpose. However, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as the newest and by far the most capable class of microporous materials in terms of internal surface area and micropore volume as well as structural and chemical variability. With further exploration of hydrothermally stable MOFs, a large step forward in the field of sorption heat pumps is anticipated. In this work, an overview of the current investigations, developments, and possibilities of MOFs for use in heat pumps is given.
Characterization of the Prokaryotic Diversity in Cold Saline Perennial Springs of the Canadian High Arctic (2007)

The springs at Gypsum Hill and Colour Peak on Axel Heiberg Island in the Canadian Arctic originate from deep salt aquifers and are among the few known examples of cold springs in thick permafrost on Earth. The springs discharge cold anoxic brines (7.5 to 15.8% salts), with a mean oxidoreduction potential of -325 mV, and contain high concentrations of sulfate and sulfide. We surveyed the microbial diversity in the sediments of seven springs by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and analyzing clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes amplified with Bacteria and Archaea-specific primers. Dendrogram analysis of the DGGE banding patterns divided the springs into two clusters based on their geographic origin. Bacterial 16S rRNA clone sequences from the Gypsum Hill library (spring GH-4) were classified into seven phyla (Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Verrucomicrobia); Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria sequences represented half of the clone library. Sequences related to Proteobacteria (82%), Firmicutes (9%), and Bacteroidetes (6%) constituted 97% of the bacterial clone library from Colour Peak (spring CP-1). Most GH-4 archaeal clone sequences (79%) were related to the Crenarchaeota while half of the CP-1 sequences were related to orders Halobacteriales and Methanosarcinales of the Euryarchaeota. Sequences related to the sulfur-oxidizing bacterium Thiomicrospira psychrophila dominated both the GH-4 (19%) and CP-1 (45%) bacterial libraries, and 56 to 76% of the bacterial sequences were from potential sulfur-metabolizing bacteria. These results suggest that the utilization and cycling of sulfur compounds may play a major role in the energy production and maintenance of microbial communities in these unique, cold environments.
ERG Overexpression and PTEN Status Predict Capsular Penetration in Prostate Carcinoma (2013)

This study presents the first evidence that ERG over expression and PTEN deletion is associated with greater risk of capsular penetration. Although further studies are needed, these results have the potential to change clinical assessment for prostate cancer.
Attentional control adjustments in Eriksen and Stroop task performance can be independent of response conflict (2010)

In the Eriksen flanker and colour-word Stroop tasks, the response time (RT) difference between incongruent and congruent trials is smaller following incongruent trials than following congruent trials: the "Gratton effect" (Gratton, Coles, & Donchin, 1992). According to the prevailing conflict-monitoring theory (Botvinick, Braver, Barch, Carter, & Cohen, 2001), the Gratton effect reflects attentional control adjustment following response conflict on incongruent trials. However, because previous studies compared incongruent and congruent trials, it remains unclear to what extent the Gratton effect is driven by incongruent rather than congruent trials. To resolve this issue, we included neutral trials in addition to incongruent and congruent trials in the Eriksen (Experiment 1) and Stroop (Experiment 2) tasks. Participants responded manually and vocally in both tasks. Moreover, we assessed responding to Stroop stimuli that were preceded by neutral cues or by incongruent- or congruent-predicting cues (Experiment 3). In all three experiments, the RT difference between incongruent and congruent trials was larger for postcongruent trials than for postincongruent and postneutral trials. These findings suggest that control adjustments can be independent of response conflict, challenging conflict-monitoring theory.