gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin-like growth factor-I improves glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (1992)

Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance cause vascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary treatment alone often fails and oral drugs or insulin enhance hyperinsulinemia. In previous studies, an intravenous bolus of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I) caused normoglycemia in insulin-resistant diabetics whereas rhIGF-I infusions lowered insulin and lipid levels in healthy humans, suggesting that rhIGF-I is effective in insulin-resistant states. Thus, eight type 2 diabetics on a diet received on five treatment days subcutaneous rhIGF-I (2 x 120 micrograms/kg) after five control days. Fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, glucagon, triglyceride, insulin-like growth factor-I and -II, and growth hormone levels were determined. RhIGF-I administration increased total IGF-I serum levels 5.3-fold above control. During the control period mean (+/- SD) fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and total triglyceride levels were 11.0 +/- 4.3 mmol/liter, 108 +/- 50 pmol/liter, 793 +/- 250 pmol/liter, and 3.1 +/- 2.7 mmol/liter, respectively, and decreased during treatment to a nadir of 6.6 +/- 2.5 mmol/liter, 47 +/- 18 pmol/liter, 311 +/- 165 pmol/liter, and 1.6 +/- 0.8 mmol/liter (P < 0.01), respectively. Postprandial areas under the glucose, insulin, and C-peptide curve decreased to 77 +/- 13 (P < 0.02), 52 +/- 11, and 60 +/- 9% (P < 0.01) of control, respectively. RhIGF-I decreased the proinsulin/insulin ratio whereas glucagon levels remained unchanged. The magnitude of the effects of rhIGF-I correlated with the respective control levels. Since rhIGF-I appears to improve insulin sensitivity directly and/or indirectly, it may become an interesting tool in type 2 diabetes and other states associated with insulin resistance.
Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies to Integrin-associated Proteins (1997)

The alpha3beta1 integrin forms complexes with other cell-surface proteins, including transmembrane-4 superfamily (TM4SF) proteins (e. g. CD9, CD53, CD63, CD81, and CD82). To identify additional cell-surface proteins associated with alpha3beta1 integrin, a monoclonal antibody selection protocol was developed. Mice were immunized with integrin alpha3beta1-containing complexes isolated from HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells, and then 712 hybridoma clones were produced, and 95 secreted antibodies that recognized the HT1080 cell surface. Among these, 12 antibodies directly recognizing integrin alpha3 or beta1 subunits were eliminated. Of the remaining 83, 16 co-immunoprecipitated proteins that resembled integrins under non-stringent detergent conditions. These 16 included 15 monoclonal antibodies recognizing EMMPRIN/basigin/OX-47/M6, a 45-55-kDa transmembrane protein with two immunoglobulin domains. The EMMPRIN protein associated with alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta1, but not alpha2beta1 or alpha5beta1, as shown by reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiments. Also, association with alpha3beta1 was confirmed by cell-surface cross-linking and immunofluorescence co-localization experiments. Importantly, EMMPRIN-alpha3beta1 complexes appear not to contain TM4SF proteins, suggesting that they are distinct from TM4SF protein-alpha3beta1 complexes.
Predominant expression of serotonin 5-HT1B receptor mRNA in pig coronary artery (1998)

Partial cloning of a pig 5-HT1B and pig 5-HT1D receptor was obtained by PCR using pig genomic DNA as a template. The partial receptor sequences show 95 to 97% amino acid identity with their human homologues. A conserved threonine residue is present as the seventh amino acid in transmembrane domain VII for both receptor subtypes. This structural feature imparts a non-rodent 5-HT1B receptor pharmacology for the pig 5-HT1B receptor. Reverse-transcription-PCR of poly(A+) RNA combined with Southern blotting identified specific transcripts for both 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors in pig coronary artery, although the 5-HT1B receptor mRNA was predominant.
<title>Photogrammetric method for the investigation and calibration of high-resolution camera systems</title> (1993)

Nowadays high-resolution cameras are used more frequently for solving measuring problems. Applications range from 2D- to complex photogrammetric 3D-measurements. Using a digital image recording system for measuring purposes however requires an exact knowledge about the reachable accuracy, taking into account the different modules like lenses, sensor, analog- to-digital converter and components, which in most cases are necessary to get a higher resolution (for example shifting devices or reseau plates). At the IPB a photogrammetric procedure was developed, which allows a fast determination of the geometrical efficiency and a calibration of any digital image recording device. A testfield with points, which 3D- coordinates must be known only approximately, is recorded in different images, which defines a geometrically stable photogrammetric network. All measured image points are used to compute a bundle adjustment. The results of the computation show the overall geometric accuracy of the system and the effect of different system parameters (for example lens distortion and pixel affinity). The paper gives a detailed description of the method and shows results of the evaluation and calibration of different high resolution camera systems.
Hedgehog signaling is required for pituitary gland development (2001)

Pituitary gland development serves as an excellent model system in which to study the emergence of distinct cell types from a common primordium in mammalian organogenesis. We have investigated the role of the morphogen Sonic hedgehog (SHH) in outgrowth and differentiation of the pituitary gland using loss- and gain-of-function studies in transgenic mice. Shh is expressed throughout the ventral diencephalon and the oral ectoderm, but its expression is subsequently absent from the nascent Rathke's pouch as soon as it becomes morphologically visible, creating a Shh boundary within the oral epithelium. We used oral ectoderm/Rathke's pouch-specific 5' regulatory sequences (Pitx1(HS)) from the bicoid related pituitary homeobox gene (Pitx1) to target overexpression of the Hedgehog inhibitor Hip (Huntingtin interacting protein) to block Hedgehog signaling, finding that SHH is required for proliferation of the pituitary gland. In addition, we provide evidence that Hedgehog signaling, acting at the Shh boundary within the oral ectoderm, may exert a role in differentiation of ventral cell types (gonadotropes and thyrotropes) by inducing Bmp2 expression in Rathke's pouch, which subsequently regulates expression of ventral transcription factors, particularly Gata2. Furthermore, our data suggest that Hedgehog signaling, together with FGF8/10 signaling, synergizes to regulate expression of the LIM homeobox gene Lhx3, which has been proved to be essential for initial pituitary gland formation. Thus, SHH appears to exert effects on both proliferation and cell-type determination in pituitary gland development.
Novel (N‐heterocyclic carbene)Pd(pyridine)Br2 complexes for carbonylative Sonogashira coupling reactions: Catalytic efficiency and scope for arylalkynes, alkylalkynes and dialkynes (2018)

New N , N ′‐substituted imidazolium salts and their corresponding dibromidopyridine–palladium(II) complexes were successfully synthesized and characterized. Reactions of palladium bromide with the newly synthesized N , N ′‐substituted imidazolium bromides ( 2a and 2b ) in pyridine afforded the corresponding new N‐heterocyclic carbene pyridine palladium(II) complexes ( 3a and 3b ) in high yields. Their single‐crystal X‐ray structures show a distorted square planar geometry with the carbene and pyridine ligands in trans position. Both complexes show a high catalytic activity in carbonylative Sonogashira coupling reactions of aryl iodides and aryl diiodides with arylalkynes, alkylalkynes and dialkynes.
Breadth of protection of the respiratory tract provided by different live-attenuated infectious bronchitis vaccines against challenge with infectious bronchitis viruses of heterologous serotypes (1999)

The regime of administering the infectious bronchitis (IB) Ma5 vaccine (Massachusetts serotype) at 1 day old and the heterologous 4/91 vaccine at 2 weeks of age, was shown to be highly effective in protecting the respiratory tract of specified pathogen free chickens. Protection, as measured by assessing ciliary activity of the tracheal epithelium following challenge, was excellent against challenge at 5 weeks of age with IB strains of many serotypes, isolated from disease outbreaks in different parts of the world. This vaccination protocol was more effective than revaccination with a vaccine of the same serotype as the first vaccine. Furthermore, significantly better protection was seen when the Ma5 vaccine was given before, rather than at the same time as or following, the 4/91 vaccine. It is suggested that the use of these two IB vaccines will frequently broaden the protection possible against challenge with IB isolates of many different serotypes, without the need to develop a new IB vaccine to combat each new IB serotype that emerges.
PhI‐Catalyzed α‐Tosyloxylation of Ketones with m‐Chloroperbenzoic Acid and p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Outcome of tocilizumab treatment in refractory ocular inflammatory diseases (2016)

Our series demonstrated moderate efficacy of tocilizumab in recalcitrant uveitis and scleritis. Serious adverse effects were not uncommon.
Arabinoxylans and inulin differentially modulate the mucosal and luminal gut microbiota and mucin‐degradation in humanized rats (2011)

Summary The endogenous gut microbiota affects the host in many ways. Prebiotics should favour beneficial intestinal microbes and thus improve host health. In this study, we investigated how a novel class of potential prebiotic long‐chain arabinoxylans (LC‐AX) and the well‐established prebiotic inulin (IN) modulate the gut microbiota of humanized rats. Six weeks after axenic rats were inoculated with a human faecal microbiota, their colonic microbiota was similar to this inoculum (∼ 70%), whereas their caecal microbiota was enriched with Verrucomicrobia and Firmicutes concomitant with lower abundance of Bacteroidetes . Moreover, different Bifidobacterium species colonized the lumen ( B. adolescentis ) and mucus ( B. longum and B. bifidum ). Both LC‐AX and IN increased SCFA levels and induced a shift from acetate towards health‐promoting propionate and butyrate respectively. By applying a high‐resolution phylogenetic micro‐array (HITChip) at the site of fermentation (caecum), IN and LC‐AX were shown to stimulate bacterial groups with known butyrate‐producers ( Roseburia intestinalis , Eubacterium rectale , Anaerostipes caccae ) and bifidobacteria ( B. longum ) respectively. Prebiotic administration also resulted in lower caecal abundances of the mucin‐degrading Akkermansia muciniphila and potentially more mucin production by the host. Both factors might explain the increased caecal mucin levels for LC‐AX (threefold) and IN (sixfold). These mucins were degraded along the colon, resulting in high faecal abundances of Akkermansia muciniphila for LC‐AX and especially IN‐treated rats. Finally, the microbial changes caused an adaptation period for the host with less weight gain, after which the host fine‐tuned the interaction with this altered microbiota. Our results demonstrate that next to IN, LC‐AX are promising prebiotic compounds by stimulating production of health‐promoting metabolites by specific microbes in the proximal regions. Further, prebiotic supplementation shifted mucin degradation to distal regions, where mucin‐degraders may produce beneficial metabolites (e.g. propionate by Akkermansia muciniphila ), so that prebiotics may potentially improve gut health along the entire length of the intestine.
Identification, purification, and characterization of major antigenic proteins of Campylobacter jejuni. (1991)

Evidence from developing countries and volunteer studies indicates that immunity to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli may be acquired, but the antigenic basis for this protection is poorly defined. We have purified to homogeneity four proteins with molecular weights of 28,000 (PEB1), 29,000 (PEB2), 30,000 (PEB3), and 31,000 (PEB4) from epidemic C. jejuni strain 81-176 using acid extraction and sequential ion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and gel filtration chromatography. The relative amino acid compositions of these four proteins are similar. NH2-terminal sequence analysis indicates that all four proteins are different, although the first 35 amino acids of PEB2 and PEB3 are 51.4% homologous. Isoelectric focusing showed that all four are basic proteins with pI of 8.5 for PEB1 protein and greater than 9.3 for the others. Use of the purified proteins as antigens in an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) found that seroconversion to the PEB1 or PEB3 proteins occurred in 15 of 19 patients with sporadic C. jejuni or C. coli infection. In comparison, only two, six, and 14 of these patients seroconverted to PEB2, PEB4, or the acid extract antigen. In an ELISA with whole bacterial cells as antigens, antiserum to the acid-extracted antigens showed broad recognition of C. jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus, C. lari, and Helicobacter pylori. Antiserum to PEB1 recognized all 35 C. jejuni and all 15 C. coli strains but none of the isolates of the other three bacterial species. The PEB1 and PEB3 proteins appear to be candidate antigens for both a Campylobacter vaccine and for serological assays for the pathogen.
Sincipital encephalomeningoceles (1973)

Abstract A definition of cranial encephalomeningocele is presented together with a classification of the types of sincipital encephalomeningocele and a review of their frequency throughout the world. A series of 30 cases encountered in Burma is described, including the personal details, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, general management, operative treatment, and the observations at operation. The aetiology and pathogenesis of sincipital encephalomeningocele are discussed with reference to the literature, to the embryogenesis of the skull and brain, and consideration of the observations made in this series of cases.
Microfabrication in Biology and Medicine (1999)

Microfabrication uses integrated-circuit manufacturing technology supplemented by its own processes to create objects with dimensions in the range of micrometers to millimeters. These objects can have miniature moving parts, stationary structures, or both. Microfabrication has been used for many applications in biology and medicine. These applications fall into four domains: tools for molecular biology and biochemistry, tools for cell biology, medical devices, and biosensors. Microfabricated device structures may provide significantly enhanced function with respect to a conventional device. Sometimes microfabrication can enable devices with novel capabilities. These enhancing and enabling qualities are conferred when microfabrication is used appropriately to address the right types of problems. Herein, we describe microfabrication technology and its application to biology and medicine. We detail several classes of advantages conferred by microfabrication and how these advantages have been used to date.
Silicon/electro-optic polymer hybrid directional coupler switch (2014)

A silicon waveguide in an electro-optic (EO) polymer cladding-based directional coupler switch was designed and fabricated. Optimal dimensions for efficient coupling and minimal crosstalk are found analytically (coupled mode theory) and numerically for 1550nm wavelength. Both coplanar electrode spacing and height are taken into account for most effective poling conditions and performance. The design consists of two 255nm wide waveguides separated by 500nm and is optimized for TE propagation. With an electrode separation of 4&mu;m and coupling length of 1.7cm, a switching voltage (<i>V<sub>s</sub></i>) &lt; 10V at an <i>r</i><sub>33</sub> of 250pm/V is expected.
Introduction to modeling and simulation (1997)

This introductory tutorial is an overview of simulation modeling and analysis. Many critical questions are answered in the paper. What is modeling? What is simulation? What is simulation modeling and analysis? What types of problems are suitable for simulation? How to select simulation software? What are the benefits and pitfalls in modeling and simulation? The intended audience is those unfamiliar with the area of discrete event simulation as well as beginners looking for an overview of the area. This includes anyone who is involved in system design and modification -system analysts, management personnel, engineers, military planners, economists, banking analysts, and computer scientists. Familiarity with probability and statistics is assumed.
Highly Regioselective Halogenation of Pyridine N-Oxide: Practical Access to 2-Halo-Substituted Pyridines (2015)

A highly efficient and regioselective halogenation reaction of unsymmetrical pyridine N-oxide under mild conditions is described. The methodology provides a practical access to various 2-halo-substituted pyridines, which are pharmaceutically important intermediates.
PUMP-PROBE THERMOREFLECTANCE (2013)

Pump-probe thermoreflectance is an optical technique used to measure heat transfer in bulk materials and micro- and nanoscale samples. The measurement typically uses two light sources, referred to as the pump and the probe. The pump generates a time-dependent heat flux at the sample surface, while the probe monitors the temperature response through a proportional change in surface reflectivity. Combined with a heat transfer model, the measured temperature response is used to infer transport properties such as the cross-plane thermal conductivity, in-plane thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and the thermal boundary conductance between materials. The measurement has diffraction-limited lateral spatial resolution and is effective on bulk materials and films as thin as a few nanometers. This chapter begins with a nonexhaustive overview of pump-probe thermoreflectance tailored to the measurement of heat transfer in small scale. This is followed by a description of the experimental setup and data analysis used in typical implementations of time- and frequency-domain thermoreflectance, and then a discussion on the measurement of in-plane and cross-plane heat transfer in bulk materials and thin films.
Managing Travel for Planned Special Events [Final Report] (2003)

This handbook presents and recommends policies, regulations, planning and operations processes, impact mitigation strategies, equipment and personnel resources, and technology applications used in the advance planning management, and monitoring of travel for planned special events.
Erythropoietin for mobilization of circulating progenitor cells in patients with previously treated relapsed malignancies. (1995)

A trial to determine the usefulness of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) as a mobilizing cytokine for patients with previously treated relapsed malignancies was performed. An initial peripheral stem cell apheresis collection was conducted during steady-state hematopoiesis for each patient to provide baseline data. rhEpo, 200 U/kg/day, was administered subcutaneously until the last apheresis procedure was completed. Immediately after the fourth daily dose of Epo, apheresis procedures were resumed and continued beyond five collections, when necessary, to accrue a total of 6.5 x 10(8) mononuclear cells (MNCs)/kg. Eight female and four male patients (median age = 44 years) were evaluated. Five to 14 (median = 8) apheresis procedures were performed for each patient. Toxicity attributable to Epo administration was negligible. Mobilization effects, as determined by an increase in the number of colony-forming units granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) and burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) in the apheresis products after Epo administration, were observed in all patients. Nine patients received high-dose chemotherapy and Epo-mobilized peripheral stem cell transplantation (PSCT). Beginning the day of the transplant, GM-CSF was administered until neutrophil recovery was satisfactory. The median time to recover 0.5 x 10(9)/L granulocytes was 16 days after PSCT. Epo appears to have mobilization properties. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical usefulness of Epo as a mobilizing cytokine. The addition of Epo to other mobilizing cytokines may provide increased effectiveness without adding toxicity.
Multiple factors influence the morphology of the bipolar electrogram: An in silico modeling study (2019)

Although bipolar electrograms (Bi-egms) are commonly used for catheter mapping and ablation of cardiac arrhythmias, the accuracy and reproducibility of Bi-egms have not been evaluated. We aimed to clarify the influence of the catheter orientation (CO), catheter contact angle (CA), local conduction velocity (CV), scar size, and catheter type on the Bi-egm morphology using an in silico 3-dimensional realistic model of atrial fibrillation. We constructed a 3-dimensional, realistic, in silico left atrial model with activation wave propagation including bipolar catheter models. Bi-egms were obtained by computing the extracellular potentials from the distal and proximal electrodes. The amplitude and width were measured on virtual Bi-egms obtained under different conditions created by changing the CO according to the wave direction, catheter-atrial wall CA, local CV, size of the non-conductive area, and catheter type. Bipolar voltages were also compared between virtual and clinically acquired Bi-egms. Bi-egm amplitudes were lower for a perpendicular than parallel CO relative to the wave direction (p<0.001), lower for a 90° than 0° CA (p<0.001), and lower for a CV of 0.13m/s than 0.48m/s (p<0.001). Larger sized non-conductive areas were associated with a decreased bipolar amplitude (p<0.001) and increased bipolar width (p<0.001). Among three commercially available catheters (Orion, Pentaray, and Thermocool), those with more narrowly spaced and smaller electrodes produced higher voltages on the virtual Bi-egms (p<0.001). Multiple factors including the CO, CA, CV, and catheter design significantly influence the Bi-egm morphology. Universal voltage cut-off values may not be appropriate for bipolar voltage-guided substrate mapping.
Transposition of IS1181 in the genomes of Staphylococcus and Listeria (1999)

The recombinant plasmid pIP1713 was constructed to analyse the transpositional activity of the insertion sequence IS1181 in Staphylococcus aureus RN4220, Staphylococcus carnosus TM300 and Listeria monocytogenes EGD. This 11.3-kb plasmid contains two genetically different elements: (i) a pE194ts-derived replicon, the ermC gene of which confers resistance to erythromycin in Gram-positive bacteria of several species, and (ii) a copy of IS1181, cloned from S. aureus BM3121, in which the tetracycline resistance gene, tet(T), has been inserted between the transposase-encoded gene and the downstream inverted repeat. When introduced by electroporation into the three bacterial hosts, pIP1713 delivered IS1181Ωtet(T) to various chromosomal sites. Cointegrate structures between pIP1713 and the host chromosome were occasionally detected. Transposition was associated with 8-bp repeats at the insertion sites. IS1181Ωtet(T) could be used for random mutagenesis in Gram-positive bacteria.
In Vitro Expressed GPCR Inserted in Polymersome Membranes for Ligand‐Binding Studies (2012)

The dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), a G-protein coupled receptor is expressed into PBd(22)-PEO(13) and PMOXA(20)-PDMS(54)-PMOXA(20) block copolymer vesicles. The conformational integrity of the receptor is confirmed by antibody- and ligand-binding assays. Replacement of bound dopamine is demonstrated on surface-immobilized polymersomes, thus making this a promising platform for drug screening.