gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variation in repeat number within the alpha C protein of group B streptococci alters antigenicity and protective epitopes (1996)

Variable expression of repeating units of the protective alpha C proteins among clinical isolates of group B streptococci (GBS) may have implications for vaccine development. In this study, alpha C protein genes containing various numbers of repeats (1,2,9, and 16) were cloned in a T7 overexpression vector in Escherichia coli. Expression was induced by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, and proteins were purified by anion-exchange, gel filtration, or affinity chromatography or by isoelectric focusing. Rabbits were immunized with purified 1-,2-,9-, or 16-repeat proteins. All proteins appeared to be highly immunogenic. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition with 9-repeat protein as the coating antigen and 9-repeat-antigen-elicited antiserum showed that a 200-fold-higher concentration of 1-repeat antigen than of 9- or 16-repeat antigen was required for 50% inhibition of antibody-antigen binding. The concentration of 2-repeat antigen required for 50% inhibition was intermediate relative to the concentrations of 1- and 9-repeat antigens. These results suggested that antibodies to 9-repeat antigen recognized predominantly a conformational epitope(s) contained in proteins with higher numbers of repeats (9 or 16) but lost considerable binding affinities for an epitope(s) contained in alpha C proteins with fewer repeats (1 or 2). Similar results were obtained with antiserum to 16-repeat antigen. However, antibodies to 1- and 2-repeat antigens recognized 1-,2-,9-,and 16-repeat antigens with equal binding affinities. This finding suggested that 1- and 2-repeat-elicited antibodies recognized an epitope(s) on individual repeats. Loss of repeating units from the alpha C proteins may result in decreased protection because the loss of epitopes (including conformational epitopes) gives the microorganisms the opportunity to escape host antibodies. If 1- and 2-repeat-elicited antibodies bind all alpha C proteins with equal affinity, regardless of their repeat number, they may prevent GBS strains with fewer repeats from escaping host immunity. Protection data obtained with antisera to the proteins with different repeat numbers support this hypothesis: mouse pups challenged with GBS strain A909 were better protected when immunized with 1- or 2-repeat-elicited antiserum (76 and 75%, respectively) than when immunized with 9- or 16-repeat-elicited antiserum (41 and 48%, respectively).
Electrified methane reforming: A compact approach to greener industrial hydrogen production (2019)

Electrification of conventionally fired chemical reactors has the potential to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and provide flexible and compact heat generation. Here, we describe a disruptive approach to a fundamental process by integrating an electrically heated catalytic structure directly into a steam-methane-reforming (SMR) reactor for hydrogen production. Intimate contact between the electric heat source and the reaction site drives the reaction close to thermal equilibrium, increases catalyst utilization, and limits unwanted byproduct formation. The integrated design with small characteristic length scales allows compact reactor designs, potentially 100 times smaller than current reformer platforms. Electrification of SMR offers a strong platform for new reactor design, scale, and implementation opportunities. Implemented on a global scale, this could correspond to a reduction of nearly 1% of all CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.
The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: An overview (1991)

In this unifying hypothesis directed to the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the importance of focal arterial lesion-prone sites has been emphasized. Key initial participants in these sites include the focal intimal influx and accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a preferential recruitment of blood monocytes. Both are further enhanced in the presence of hyperlipidemia, when the quantity of intimal LDL and the oxidative potential of the intima exceed the capacity of macrophages to remove, via the non-down-regulating scavenger receptor, cytotoxic anionic (Ox-LDL) macromolecules. Foam cells, pathognomonic of the fatty streak, form during the receptor-mediated uptake of Ox-LDL by the macrophages. Interstitial free radicals and the excess of Ox-LDL particles injure and kill cells, including the foam cells, with the formation of the necrotic extracellular lipid core, a key transitional step in lesion progression. Monocyte-macrophage recruitment to the intima is likely to be regulated not only by a multiplicity of endothelial adhesive cytokines, integrins, and selectins, but also by the monocyte-specific chemoattractant, MCP-1, constitutively synthesized and secreted by intimal smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Its synthesis and secretion is augmented by mildly oxidized LDL. Free radicals, pivotal in the oxidation of LDL, and derived from activated macrophages, and also endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells migrate from the media through the intimal endothelial layer (IEL) and proliferate under the regulation of a number of mitogens, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Collagen synthesis by smooth muscle cells is substantial. Lymphocytes, as a source of interferons, invade the plaque and are present in the adventitia in substantial numbers, likely representing an autoimmune response in the later stages of plaque development. Platelets and mural thrombosis directly contribute to subsequent plaque growth, particularly after plaque rupture or fissure and disruption of the thromboresistant endothelial cells (EC). Plaque regression in all likelihood involves the conversion of the inert pool of extracellular lipid to a metabolically active intracellular pool and subsequent clearance by the high-density lipoprotein mediated reverse cholesterol transport system. The atherogenic cascades so described conceptually represent arterial inflammatory and healing processes occurring in a hyperlipidemic environment. Many components of pathogenesis are the targets for modulation by genetic, hemodynamic and selected risk factors. The prevention and treatment of the disease should logically target reduction in plasma LDL levels, the inhibition of the oxidative modification of lipoproteins, including LDL, by free radical scavengers, and augmentation of the reverse cholesterol transport system.
Serum Markers in the Diagnosis of Tubal Pregnancy (2008)

The introduction of highly sensitive methods, such as transvaginal sonography and measurement of serum b-human chorionic gonadotropin, has dramatically improved ectopic pregnancy diagnosis in recent years. Early diagnosis is the key to successful and conservative management of women with ectopic pregnancy; however, approximately 50 percent of such women are initially misdiagnosed, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. In order to improve diagnosis, several serum markers are being investigated including progesterone, CA 125, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, vascular endothelial growth factor, and maternal creatine kinase. Measurement of serum vascular endothelial growth factor, alone or together with other markers, could be a promising method for earlier and more accurate differential diagnosis. However, the clinical applicability of these findings remains to be evaluated in larger prospective studies.
AJvW-2, an Anti-vWF Monoclonal Antibody, Inhibits Enhanced Platelet Aggregation Induced by High Shear Stress in Platelet-Rich Plasma From Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes (1999)

The platelet aggregation that is dependent on von Willebrand factor (vWF) is important in the thrombogenesis that occurs under conditions of high shear stress, eg, during acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). A monoclonal antibody, AJvW-2, directed against the A1 domain of human vWF specifically blocks the interaction between plasma vWF and platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib. To evaluate the association between the vWF-GPIb interaction and the enhanced shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) observed in ACSs, we tested the effect of this antibody on platelet aggregation. Platelet-rich plasma was prepared from the citrated blood of 12 patients with unstable angina (UAP) and 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were admitted within 3 hours of the onset of cardiac symptoms and from 18 controls. We observed the following: (1) 1.7-fold higher plasma levels of vWF and ristocetin cofactor activity in UAP patients and (2) 2.8-fold higher levels in the AMI group than in controls. Using a cone-and-plate viscometer, we measured the mean value of SIPA under high-shear conditions (108 dyne/cm2) and found them to be 1.3-fold higher in the UAP group and 2.0-fold higher in the AMI group than in controls. The high SIPA in all groups was completely inhibited by 10 microgram/mL AJvW-2. Under low-shear conditions (12 dyne/cm2), platelet aggregation was increased only in the AMI group, but this was unaffected by AJvW-2. We observed a significant correlation in both ACS groups between high SIPA and the plasma vWF level or vWF larger multimers. These findings suggest that the vWF-GPIb interaction is important in coronary occlusion and that inhibition of this interaction (with the use of AJvW-2) may prevent further events in the coronary arteries.
Long-term safety and efficacy of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, in monotherapy, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (the STREAM study): evidence of safety and efficacy in a 5-year extension study (2008)

In this 5-year extension study, tocilizumab demonstrated sustained long-term efficacy and a generally good safety profile.
A stimulator ASIC with capability of neural recording during inter-phase delay (2011)

This paper presents a single chip solution for a combined stimulation and recording system for functional electrical stimulation applications. The on-chip recording amplifier blanks large stimulation artifacts occurring in the cathodic (i.e., stimulation) and anodic (i.e., recuperation) phases of a stimulation pulse. By making the stimulator output stage float and recording during the delay between cathodic and anodic impulses, the recording start time can be greatly advanced from the end of a complete stimulation cycle to the end of the cathodic phase. The ASIC was fabricated in a 0.6 μm HV CMOS technology, occupies a core area of 5.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and operates from a single 18 V power supply. It has 5 I/O pads for power and data communication and another 5 I/O pads for connecting to the electrodes. The operation of the ASIC has been verified both in-vitro and in-vivo.
Effect of antenna size on gain, bandwidth, and efficiency (1960)

A theore tical ana lysis is m a d e of the effect of antenna s ize on para meters such as gain, bandwidth, and efficiency . Both near-zone and far-zon e direct ive gains are considered . It is found that t he maximum gain obtainable from a broa d-band a ntenna is approxima tely equal t o that of the uniformly illumina ted ap er t ure. If higher gain is desired , the antenna mus t necessarily be a narrow-band d evice. In fa ct, th e input impedance becomes frequency sensitive so r apidly that, for large a nte nnas, no significan t increase in gain over tha t of the uniformly illuminated aper t ure is possible. Also, if t he a ntenn a is loss y, t he efficiency falls rapidly as the gain is increased over that of the uniformly illumin a t ed aperture.
Blood Pressure, Lipids, and Obesity Are Associated With Retinopathy (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To study potential risk factors for retinopathy in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Hoorn Study is a population-based study including 2,484 50- to 74-year-old Caucasians. A subsample of 626 individuals stratified by age, sex, and glucose tolerance underwent extensive measurements during 1989–1992, including ophthalmologic examination and two-field 45-degree fundus photography. The prevalence of (diabetic) retinopathy was assessed among individuals with normal glucose metabolism (NGM) and impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) and individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDM) and known diabetes mellitus (KDM) (new World Health Organization 1999 criteria). RESULTS—The prevalence of retinopathy was 9% in NGM, 11% in IGM, 13% in NDM, and 34% in KDM. Retinopathy worse than minimal nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy was present in 8% in KDM and 0–2% in other glucose categories. The prevalence of retinopathy was positively associated with elevated blood pressure, BMI, cholesterol, and triglyceride serum levels in all glucose categories. The age-, sex-, and glucose metabolism category–adjusted odds ratios were 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–1.9), 1.3 (1.0–1.7), and 1.3 (1.0–1.6) per SD increase of systolic blood pressure, BMI, and total cholesterol concentration, respectively, and 1.2 (1.0–1.5) per 50% increase of triglyceride level. Elevated blood pressure and plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels showed associations with retinal hard exudates. CONCLUSIONS—Retinopathy is a multifactorial microvascular complication, which, apart from hyperglycemia, is associated with blood pressure, lipid concentrations, and BMI.
Staminate Flower Production and Fusarium Wilt Reaction of Diploid Cultivars Used as Pollenizers for Triploid Watermelon (2012)

Several cultivars of nonharvested watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) pollenizers were compared for staminate flower production in field tests and disease reaction to fusarium wilt [ Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum (FON)] in both greenhouse and field tests. Differences were observed in staminate flower counts and fusarium wilt reactions in both years of field evaluations and to fusarium wilt among cultivars evaluated in the greenhouse. ‘SP-1’, ‘Sidekick’, and ‘5WDL 6146’ were the cultivars with high staminate flower counts in the field both years. These cultivars also were among the most resistant to fusarium wilt in both years of field tests. Significant correlations occurred between the rankings of the cultivar’s fusarium wilt reactions in both the two field and three greenhouse experiments, indicating a high degree of correlation between field and greenhouse tests.
Kaiware Daikon (Raphanus sativus L.) Extract: A Naturally Multipotent Chemopreventive Agent (2008)

Brassica vegetables are attracting major attention as healthy foods because of their content of glucosinolates (GLs) that release the corresponding isothiocyanates (ITCs) upon myrosinase hydrolysis. A number of studies have so far documented the chemopreventive properties of some ITCs. On the other hand, single nutrients detached from the food itself risk being somewhat "reductive", since plants contain several classes of compounds endowed with a polyhedral mechanism of action. Our recent finding that 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (GRH-ITC) and 4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (GRE-ITC), released by the GLs purified from Japanese (Kaiware) Daikon (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds and sprouts, had selective cytotoxic/apoptotic activity on three human colon carcinoma cell lines prompted further research on the potential chemopreventive role of a standardized Kaiware Daikon extract (KDE), containing 10.5% w/w GRH and 3.8% w/w GRE, compared to its isolated components. KDE administered in combination with myrosinase at doses corresponding to 50 microM GRH-ITC plus 15 microM GRE-ITC (50 microM KDE-ITC) to three human cancer cell lines (LoVo, HCT-116 and HT-29) significantly reduced cell growth by 94-96% of control in six days (p < 0.05), outperforming pure GRH-ITC or GRE-ITC at the same dose. On the other hand, the same treatment had no significant toxicity on normal human T-lymphocytes. A 50 microM concentration of KDE-ITC had relevant apoptosis induction in all tested cancer cell lines, as confirmed by annexin V assay (e.g., 33% induction in LoVo compared to control, p < 0.05), Bax protein induction (e.g., +20% in HT-29, p < 0.05), and Bcl2 downregulation (e.g.-20% in HT-29, p < 0.05), and induced caspase-1 and PARP-1 activation in all cancer cells as shown by Western blot analysis. Unlike pure GRH or GRH-ITC, KDE also had significant chain-breaking antioxidant activity, retarding the AAPH-initiated autoxidation of methyl linoleate in SDS micelles at concentrations as low as 4.4 ppm (-50% in oxygen consumption rate), as monitored by Clark-type microelectrode oxygen-uptake kinetics, and induced very fast quenching of DPPH. radical in methanol with t(1/2) (s) = (1.47 +/- 0.25) x 10(-2)/[KDE; (g/L)], measured by stopped-flow UV-vis kinetics at 298 K. The potential chemopreventive role of KDE is discussed.
EVIDENCE FOR AN AIRBORNE SEX PHEROMONE IN THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (1997)

Abstract Trials using four different sex combinations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, demonstrated that male beetles move upwind towards females, whereas no attraction was seen between any of the other combinations. Attraction was not found to increase significantly after the female reached 10 days old. Visual stimuli appear to be unimportant from a distance of 50 cm. Orientation behaviour by the male beetle was observed as it walked upwind towards the female; no identifiable calling behaviour by the female was observed. The data indicate a sex pheromone is being produced by the female and is used by the male for mate location from a distance.
Hydrocarbon Separations in a Metal-Organic Framework with Open Iron(II) Coordination Sites (2012)

The energy costs associated with large-scale industrial separation of light hydrocarbons by cryogenic distillation could potentially be lowered through development of selective solid adsorbents that operate at higher temperatures. Here, the metal-organic framework Fe(2)(dobdc) (dobdc(4-) : 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) is demonstrated to exhibit excellent performance characteristics for separation of ethylene/ethane and propylene/propane mixtures at 318 kelvin. Breakthrough data obtained for these mixtures provide experimental validation of simulations, which in turn predict high selectivities and capacities of this material for the fractionation of methane/ethane/ethylene/acetylene mixtures, removal of acetylene impurities from ethylene, and membrane-based olefin/paraffin separations. Neutron powder diffraction data confirm a side-on coordination of acetylene, ethylene, and propylene at the iron(II) centers, while also providing solid-state structural characterization of the much weaker interactions of ethane and propane with the metal.
Preparation and properties of mixed-valence (.mu.-dinitrogen)bis(pentaammine) complexes of osmium and ruthenium (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and properties of mixed-valence (.mu.-dinitrogen)bis(pentaammine) complexes of osmium and rutheniumD. E. Richardson, J. P. Sen, J. D. Buhr, and H. TaubeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 8, 3136–3140Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00138a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00138a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views340Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mutant superoxide dismutase disrupts cytoplasmic dynein in motor neurons (2005)

Cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin drive retrograde axonal transport in neurons, and mutations in dynein/dynactin cause motor neuron degeneration. To test whether defects in dynein/dynactin function are involved in the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, we examined neurotracer transport from muscle to motor neuron in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Significant inhibition was observed, which was temporally correlated with declines in muscle strength. No decrease in dynein/dynactin expression was observed, but immunohistochemistry suggests that dynein associates with aggregates of mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1. Expression of mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 in primary motor neurons altered the cellular localization of dynein, suggesting an inhibition of dynein/dynactin function. Thus, inhibition of dynein/dynactin function may have a role in motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
The lymphomas of Brazilian children (1969)

The pattern of children's lymphomas in Brazil appears to be intermediate between that in Kenya and in the United States. Infection with EB virus is as prevalent in Brazil as in Africa and the United States, and antibody levels are high among the lymphomas as a group. Hodgkin's disease is the most conspicuous lymphoma of Brazilian children.
Serum Amyloid P Inhibits Fibrosis Through FcγR-Dependent Monocyte-Macrophage Regulation in Vivo (2009)

New therapies that target chronic inflammation with fibrosis are urgently required. Increasing evidence points to innate activation of inflammatory cells in driving chronic organ fibrosis. Serum amyloid P is a naturally circulating soluble pattern recognition receptor, a member of the family of pentraxin proteins. It links danger-associated molecular pattern recognition to Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Here we show that fibrosis progression in the mouse kidney is significantly inhibited by therapeutic administration of human serum amyloid P, regulated by activating Fc gamma receptors, and dependent on inflammatory monocytes and macrophages, but not fibrocytes. Human serum amyloid P-mediated inhibition of mouse kidney fibrosis correlated with specific binding of human serum amyloid P to cell debris and with subsequent suppression of inflammatory monocytes and kidney macrophages in vitro and in vivo, and was dependent on regulated binding to activating Fc gamma receptors and interleukin-10 expression. These studies uncover previously unidentified roles for Fc gamma receptors in sterile inflammation and highlight serum amyloid P as a potential antifibrotic therapy through local generation of interleukin-10.