gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: from transcriptional control to clinical practice (2001)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are lipid-activated transcription factors that control energy homeostasis through genomic actions. Over the past few years significant advances have been made in unravelling the pathways that are modulated by PPARs. Gene targeting experiments in mice and genetic studies in humans have demonstrated a physiological role for these receptors in adipocyte function, glucose homeostasis, and lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Recent data indicate that PPARs enhance the reverse cholesterol transport pathway by regulating genes that control macrophage cholesterol efflux, cholesterol transport in plasma and bile acid synthesis. Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that PPAR activation decreases the incidence of cardiovascular disease not only by correcting metabolic disorders, but also through direct actions at the level of the vascular wall. Thus, dysregulation of PPAR activity modulates the onset and evolution of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidaemia, obesity and insulin resistance, predisposing to atherosclerosis.
Biocidal Activity of Ozone Versus Formaldehyde Against Poultry Pathogens Inoculated in a Prototype Setter , (1989)

Ozone was evaluated as an alternative hatchery disinfectant to replace formaldehyde in the event that the Environmental Protection Agency regulates the use of formaldehyde under the Toxic Substances Control Act. Cultures of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Bacillus species previously isolated from poultry hatcheries and selected culture collections of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescences, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus species, and Aspergillus fumigatus were spread-plated on open petri plates and independently fumigated with ozone or formaldehyde in a prototype laboratory poultry setter. Ozone (1.52% to 1.65% by weight) resulted in bacterial reductions of greater than 4 to 7 log10 and fungal reductions of greater than 4 log10, whereas formaldehyde achieved reductions of greater than 7 log10 and greater than 5 log10, respectively, after 8 min of exposure to either disinfectant. Potential mutagenic effects were observed in ozonated E. coli colonies resulting in decreased superoxide dismutase activity and increased catalase activity when compared with nonozonated control colonies. In this study ozone reduced microorganism counts but not as much as formaldehyde. Ozone may be used as a disinfectant against selected microorganisms, although further testing under actual hatchery conditions is needed before making recommendations to the industry.
Production of rubusoside derivatives by transgalactosylation of various .BETA.-galactosidases. (1989)

Rubusoside derivatives by transgalactosylation of various β-galactosidases were isolated and their structures were analyzed. Escherichia coli β-galactosidase produced mainly 13-O-β-D-glucosyl-19-O-[β-D-galactosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucosyl]-steviol (RGal-2). Bacillus circulans β-galactosidase produced mainly 13-O-β-D-glucosyl-19-O-[β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl]-steviol (RGal-la) in the early stage of the reaction and then produced 13-O-[β-D-galactosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl]-19-O-β-D-glucosyl-steviol (RGal-1b). With decreasing the amount of these products (RGal-la and RGal-1b), RGal-2 was produced.
Repetition Maximization based Texture Rectification (2012)

Abstract Many photographs are taken in perspective. Techniques for rectifying resulting perspective distortions typically rely on the existence of parallel lines in the scene. In scenarios where such parallel lines are hard to automatically extract or manually annotate, the unwarping process remains a challenge. In this paper, we introduce an automatic algorithm to rectifying images containing textures of repeated elements lying on an unknown plane. We unwrap the input by maximizing for image self‐similarity over the space of homography transformations. We map a set of detected regional descriptors to surfaces in a transformation space, compute the intersection points among triplets of such surfaces, and then use consensus among the projected intersection points to extract the correcting transform. Our algorithm is global, robust, and does not require explicit or accurate detection of similar elements. We evaluate our method on a variety of challenging textures and images. The rectified outputs are directly useful for various tasks including texture synthesis, image completion, etc.
Effects of ionizing radiations on proteins. Evidence of non-random fragmentations and a caution in the use of the method for determination of molecular mass (1990)

We have reinvestigated the use of ionizing radiations to measure the molecular mass of water-soluble or membrane proteins. The test was performed by using the most straightforward aspect of the technique, which consists of SDS/PAGE analysis of the protein-fragmentation process. We found that exposure of purified standard proteins to increasing doses of ionizing radiation causes progressive fragmentation of the native protein into defined peptide patterns. The coloured band corresponding to the intact protein was measured on the SDS gel as a function of dose to determine the dose (D37.t) corresponding to 37% of the initial amount of unfragmented protein deposited on the gel. This led to a calibration curve between 1/D37.t and the known molecular mass of the standard proteins whose best fit gave Mr = 1.77 x 10(6)/D37.t at -78 degrees C, i.e. 35% higher than the generally accepted value at that temperature obtained from inactivation studies. However, we have to conclude that this method is useless to determine the state of aggregation of a protein, since, for all the oligomers tested, the best fit was obtained by using the protomeric molecular mass, suggesting that there is no energy transfer between promoters. Furthermore, SDS greatly increases the fragmentation rate of proteins, which suggests additional calibration problems for membrane proteins in detergent or in the lipid bilayer. But the main drawback of the technique arises from our observation that some proteins behaved anomalously, leading to very large errors in the apparent target size as compared with true molecular mass (up to 100%). It is thus unreliable to apply the radiation method for absolute molecular-mass determination. We then focused on the novel finding that discrete fragmentation of proteins occurs at preferential sites, and this was studied in more detail with aspartate transcarbamylase. N-Terminal sequencing of several radiolysis fragments of the catalytic chain of the enzyme revealed that breaks along the polypeptide chains are localized close to the C-terminal end. Examination of the three-dimensional structure of aspartate transcarbamylase suggests that radiolysis sites (fragile bonds) might be localized in connecting loops.
Mitotic Phosphorylation of Histone H3: Spatio-Temporal Regulation by Mammalian Aurora Kinases (2002)

Phosphorylation at a highly conserved serine residue (Ser-10) in the histone H3 tail is considered to be a crucial event for the onset of mitosis. This modification appears early in the G(2) phase within pericentromeric heterochromatin and spreads in an ordered fashion coincident with mitotic chromosome condensation. Mutation of Ser-10 is essential in Tetrahymena, since it results in abnormal chromosome segregation and extensive chromosome loss during mitosis and meiosis, establishing a strong link between signaling and chromosome dynamics. Although mitotic H3 phosphorylation has been long recognized, the transduction routes and the identity of the protein kinases involved have been elusive. Here we show that the expression of Aurora-A and Aurora-B, two kinases of the Aurora/AIK family, is tightly coordinated with H3 phosphorylation during the G(2)/M transition. During the G(2) phase, the Aurora-A kinase is coexpressed while the Aurora-B kinase colocalizes with phosphorylated histone H3. At prophase and metaphase, Aurora-A is highly localized in the centrosomic region and in the spindle poles while Aurora-B is present in the centromeric region concurrent with H3 phosphorylation, to then translocate by cytokinesis to the midbody region. Both Aurora-A and Aurora-B proteins physically interact with the H3 tail and efficiently phosphorylate Ser10 both in vitro and in vivo, even if Aurora-A appears to be a better H3 kinase than Aurora-B. Since Aurora-A and Aurora-B are known to be overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, our findings provide an attractive link between cell transformation, chromatin modifications and a specific kinase system.
Use of antibodies to purified Newcastle disease virus glycoproteins for strain comparisons and characterizations (1979)

The H/N and F1 glycoproteins responsible for hemagglutinin/neuraminidase (H/N) activity and fusion (F1) activity were purified from several Newcastle disease virus strains and used to produce antisera. These antisera can be used to clearly distinguish the virus strains by a number of techniques including radioimmunoassay, and so provide a means of classifying new virus isolates. The variations detected between strains are not related to field virulence.
Microseismic study of the interandine valley between Latacunga and Cuayllabamba (1978)

The present state of two active volcanoes and the principal active seismic faults in a 100 km area from Quito to Toacaso, Ecuador was studied. A brief seismic history of the region is reviewed.
Transcriptional Regulatory Elements in the Human Genome (2006)

The faithful execution of biological processes requires a precise and carefully orchestrated set of steps that depend on the proper spatial and temporal expression of genes. Here we review the various classes of transcriptional regulatory elements (core promoters, proximal promoters, distal enhancers, silencers, insulators/boundary elements, and locus control regions) and the molecular machinery (general transcription factors, activators, and coactivators) that interacts with the regulatory elements to mediate precisely controlled patterns of gene expression. The biological importance of transcriptional regulation is highlighted by examples of how alterations in these transcriptional components can lead to disease. Finally, we discuss the methods currently used to identify transcriptional regulatory elements, and the ability of these methods to be scaled up for the purpose of annotating the entire human genome.
Engineering of Proteinaceous Ligands for Improved Performance in Affinity Chromatography Applications (2002)

Engineering Proteinaceous Ligands for Improved Performance in Affinity Chromatography Applications
Environmentally Controlled Sex Expression in Meloidodera floridensis. (1973)

Larvae of Meloidodera floridensis develop as females after feeding on pine roots, but become males under conditions of starvation. Seventy to 80% of the larvae kept in tap water at 23 C for 4 months underwent one or two molts, developing as males, and more than 50% became adult males. Ninety-six percent of the larvae that entered pine roots became females and only 4% developed as males. There is evidence that the latter did not feed on the roots. In comparison with tap water, solutions of cholesterol, testosterone propionate and beta-estradiol did not significantly affect the percentage of larvae that developed into males. Larvae kept in soil without a host plant did not develop into males. Most of them exhausted their energy supply and died without undergoing any development. We conclude that sex expression in M. floridensis is to a large extent controlled by environmental factors. Under natural conditions of feeding on a host plant, larvae develop as females according to their genetic constitution (thelytokous organism). Under conditions of starvation, however, sexual differentiation proceeds toward the male direction, probably as a result of alteration of the hormonal balance of the larvae and the subsequent activation of different sites of genetic function.
WAN-hacking with autohack: auditing security behind the firewall (1995)

This paper is a review of an ongoing project to simplify security auditing of the world-wide tcp/ip network of some thirty thousand hosts, internal to Sun Microsystems. The paper also examines the issues which this project raises; it details the conception, design, development of, and one year&amp;apos;s results gathered from, AutoHack, a tool specially created to probe, audit, and produce security reports for, a tcp/ip network of this size. Introduction. One of the many problems to beset systems administrators who seek secure their machines is a form of entropy. Over periods of time ranging from minutes to months, the effective security of a machine attached to a network will diminish. Even if a host has been &amp;quot;locked down&amp;quot; in accordance with some comprehensive security policy, as time progresses more people will become aware of the host&amp;apos;s existence, and hitherto undiscovered flaws in its hardware, software, or inadequacies in the standard to which it was secured, will come to light. In short...
[Effects of renal carcinoma cell line ACHN-derived exosomes on ACHN cell proliferation and apoptosis]. (2012)

Exosomes can promote the growth and proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of renal cancer cell line ACHN. Removal of the exosomes from the microenvironment of renal cancer or inhibition of its function can be new strategies for treatment of renal cancer.
Proteomic Analysis of Microglia-Derived Exosomes: Metabolic Role of the Aminopeptidase CD13 in Neuropeptide Catabolism (2005)

Vesicle transport is a fundamental mechanism of communication in the CNS. In this study we characterized a novel type of vesicle released by murine brain microglial cells: microglial exosomes. Analysis of their protein content identified several enzymes, chaperones, tetraspanins, and membrane receptors previously reported in B cells and dendritic cell-derived exosomes. Additionally, microglia-derived exosomes expressed the aminopeptidase CD13 and the lactate transporter MCT-1. Exosomal CD13 was metabolically active in cleaving leucine- and methionine-enkephalins peptides by releasing the N-terminal tyrosine. Cleaved neuropeptides were unable to bind to the neuronal opioid receptor as assessed by cAMP response. Microglial exosomal vesicles may represent an important, previously unrecognized, cellular communication system in an organ in which cell motility is highly restricted.
A fast and adaptive method for image contrast enhancement (2005)

In this paper we describe a fast approach for image contrast enhancement, based on localized contrast manipulation. Our approach is not only last and easy to implement, but also has several other promising properties (adaptive, multiscale, weighted localization, etc.). We will also discuss in this paper an anisotropic version of our approach. Several examples of medical images, including brain MR images, chest CT images and mammography images, will be provided to demonstrate the performance of our approach.
Leukocyte-inspired biodegradable particles that selectively and avidly adhere to inflamed endothelium in vitro and in vivo (2003)

We exploited leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion chemistry to generate biodegradable particles that exhibit highly selective accumulation on inflamed endothelium in vitro and in vivo. Leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesive particles exhibit up to 15-fold higher adhesion to inflamed endothelium, relative to noninflamed endothelium, under in vitro flow conditions similar to that present in blood vessels, a 6-fold higher adhesion to cytokine inflamed endothelium relative to non-cytokine-treated endothelium in vivo, and a 10-fold enhancement in adhesion to trauma-induced inflamed endothelium in vivo due to the addition of a targeting ligand. The leukocyte-inspired particles have adhesion efficiencies similar to that of leukocytes and were shown to target each of the major inducible endothelial cell adhesion molecules (E-selectin, P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1) that are up-regulated at sites of pathological inflammation. The potential for targeted drug delivery to inflamed endothelium has significant implications for the improved treatment of an array of pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer.
Nonopioid versus opioid based general anesthesia technique for bariatric surgery: A randomized double-blind study (2013)

Nonopioid based general anesthesia for Bariatric surgery is as effective as opioid one. There is no need to use opioids for such surgery especially that there was a trend to less pain in non-opioid anesthesia.
Determination of taxol in the extract of taxus chinensis by reversed phase HPLC. (1989)

Taxol, isolated from the stem bark of the plant Taxus chinensis, is a compound with a taxane ring~(1, 2) and is different from the known anticancer drugs in chemical structure. Taxol showed significant antineoplastic effect on transplantable tumors in mice.
Because the antineoplastic effectis related to the content of taxol, a simple method is needed for the determination of taxol in the extract of Taxus chinensis samples.
In this paper, an HPLC method for the determination of taxol is described in which betamethasone is used as an internal standard. The method is simple, rapid and accurate, as little as 0.1μg of taxol can be measured.
Hypophosphorylation of the Stiff N2B Titin Isoform Raises Cardiomyocyte Resting Tension in Failing Human Myocardium (2009)

High diastolic stiffness of failing myocardium results from interstitial fibrosis and elevated resting tension (F(passive)) of cardiomyocytes. A shift in titin isoform expression from N2BA to N2B isoform, lower overall phosphorylation of titin, and a shift in titin phosphorylation from N2B to N2BA isoform can raise F(passive) of cardiomyocytes. In left ventricular biopsies of heart failure (HF) patients, aortic stenosis (AS) patients, and controls (CON), we therefore related F(passive) of isolated cardiomyocytes to expression of titin isoforms and to phosphorylation of titin and titin isoforms. Biopsies were procured by transvascular technique (44 HF, 3 CON), perioperatively (25 AS, 4 CON), or from explanted hearts (4 HF, 8 CON). None had coronary artery disease. Isolated, permeabilized cardiomyocytes were stretched to 2.2-microm sarcomere length to measure F(passive). Expression and phosphorylation of titin isoforms were analyzed using gel electrophoresis with ProQ Diamond and SYPRO Ruby stains and reported as ratio of titin (N2BA/N2B) or of phosphorylated titin (P-N2BA/P-N2B) isoforms. F(passive) was higher in HF (6.1+/-0.4 kN/m(2)) than in CON (2.3+/-0.3 kN/m(2); P<0.01) or in AS (2.2+/-0.2 kN/m(2); P<0.001). Titin isoform expression differed between HF (N2BA/N2B=0.73+/-0.06) and CON (N2BA/N2B=0.39+/-0.05; P<0.001) and was comparable in HF and AS (N2BA/N2B=0.59+/-0.06). Overall titin phosphorylation was also comparable in HF and AS, but relative phosphorylation of the stiff N2B titin isoform was significantly lower in HF (P-N2BA/P-N2B=0.77+/-0.05) than in AS (P-N2BA/P-N2B=0.54+/-0.05; P<0.01). Relative hypophosphorylation of the stiff N2B titin isoform is a novel mechanism responsible for raised F(passive) of human HF cardiomyocytes.
Local administration of dendritic cells inhibits established breast tumor growth: implications for apoptosis-inducing agents. (2001)

Dendritic cells (DCs) can efficiently acquire foreign antigen(s) from apoptotic cells and induce MHC class I-restricted, antigen-specific CTLs. An accumulation of DCs within solid tumor masses in situ has been associated indirectly with a more favorable prognosis. Therefore, DCs may offer an efficient means for triggering immune responses within tumors, particularly in those masses containing significant apoptosis. We examined whether delivery of DCs could, alone, impact on the progressive growth of a tumor with a relatively high apoptotic index. We detected significant early apoptosis within the mass of a s.c. growing murine MT-901 breast carcinoma. DCs could efficiently engulf MT-901 tumor apoptotic cells in vitro. Intratumoral injections of syngeneic but not allogeneic DCs resulted in significant inhibition of MT-901 tumor growth. Histological examination of the tumor revealed intense mononuclear cell infiltration during and after DC injections. Tumor growth inhibition was relatively radiosensitive and dependent on host-derived CD8+ T cells. The baseline level of tumor apoptosis could be increased substantially by tumor necrosis factor alpha administration, leading to a greater DC-mediated antitumor effect. The antitumor effect could also be enhanced by first pulsing DCs with the foreign helper protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, prior to intratumoral delivery and combining it with the systemic administration of interleukin 2. Splenocytes from treated animals showed heightened levels of specific CTL activity and production of cytokines. The level of in situ tumor apoptosis appears to play a critical role in DC-mediated antitumor effects. The potential implication of these findings in DC-based tumor therapy strategies is discussed.
Success factors for managing en bloc property transactions (1999)

This paper shows how recent revisions in planning guidelines have helped to enhance land values in some parts of Singapore. The enhancement of land values has motivated many individual property owners to come together to put up their properties for en bloc or collective sales. The factors which are critical for successful en bloc property sales are identified in the paper using case studies where proposed en bloc sales were not successful. These provide lessons which are essential for managing successful en bloc property sales in the future.
Valproic acid increases the SMN2 protein level: a well-known drug as a potential therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (2003)

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common neuromuscular disorder causing infant death in half of all patients. Homozygous absence of the survival motor neuron gene (SMN1) is the primary cause of SMA, while SMA severity is mainly determined by the number of SMN2 copies. One SMN2 copy produces only about 10% of full-length protein identical to SMN1, whereas the majority of SMN2 transcripts is aberrantly spliced due to a silent mutation within an exonic splicing enhancer in exon 7. However, correct splicing can be restored by over-expression of the SR-like splicing factor Htra2-beta 1. We show that in fibroblast cultures derived from SMA patients treated with therapeutic doses (0.5-500 microM) of valproic acid (VPA), the level of full-length SMN2 mRNA/protein increased 2- to 4-fold. Importantly, this up-regulation of SMN could be most likely attributed to increased levels of Htra2-beta 1 which facilitates the correct splicing of SMN2 RNA as well as to an SMN gene transcription activation. Especially at low VPA concentrations, the restored SMN level depended on the number of SMN2 copies. Moreover, VPA was able to increase SMN protein levels through transcription activation in organotypic hippocampal brain slices from rats. Finally, VPA also increased the expression of further SR proteins, which may have important implications for other disorders affected by alternative splicing. Since VPA is a drug highly successfully used in long-term epilepsy therapy, our findings open the exciting perspective for a first causal therapy of an inherited disease by elevating the SMN2 transcription level and restoring its correct splicing.