gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hertzian impact: Experimental study of the force pulse and resulting stress waves (2010)

Ball impact has long been used as a repeatable source of stress waves in solids. The amplitude and frequency content of the waves are a function of the force-time history, or force pulse, that the ball imposes on the massive body. In this study, Glaser-type conical piezoelectric sensors are used to measure vibrations induced by a ball colliding with a massive plate. These measurements are compared with theoretical estimates derived from a marriage of Hertz theory and elastic wave propagation. The match between experiment and theory is so close that it not only facilitates the absolute calibration the sensors but it also allows the limits of Hertz theory to be probed. Glass, ruby and hardened steel balls 0.4 to 2.5 mm in diameter were dropped onto steel, glass, aluminum, and polymethylmethacrylate plates at a wide range of approach velocities, delivering frequencies up to 1.5 MHz into these materials. Effects of surface properties and yielding of the plate material were analyzed via the resulting stress waves and simultaneous measurements of the ball's coefficient of restitution. The sensors are sensitive to surface normal displacements down to about +/-1 pm in the frequency range of 20 kHz to over 1 MHz.
An Alkyne Strategy for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Natural Products: Application to (+)‐Spirolaxine Methyl Ether (2007)

Alkyne of magic: An efficient synthesis of (+)-spirolaxine methyl ether (1) was accomplished by using alkynes as versatile synthetic building blocks. Highlights include two ProPhenol-catalyzed asymmetric alkynylations and a Pd-catalyzed spiroketalization (see scheme; TBS=tert-butyldiphenylsilyl). The use of alkynes alleviates the chemoselectivity issues of ketones and should be widely applicable to natural product synthesis. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z702637_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Identification of transforming growth factor beta family members present in bone-inductive protein purified from bovine bone. (1990)

Characterization of the polypeptides present in bone-inductive protein extracts from bovine bone has led to the cloning of seven regulatory molecules, six of which are distantly related to transforming growth factor beta. The three human bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) we describe herein, BMP-5, BMP-6, and BMP-7, show extensive sequence similarity to BMP-2, a molecule that by itself is sufficient to induce de novo bone formation in vivo. The additive or synergistic contribution of these BMP-2-related molecules to the osteogenic activity associated with demineralized bone is strongly implicated by the presence of these growth factors in the most active fractions of highly purified bone extract.
Early and late effects of leukopenic reperfusion on the recovery of cardiac contractile function. Studies in the transplanted and isolated blood-perfused rat heart. (1993)

Reperfusion with leukopenic blood accelerated the rate of recovery of cardiac function after reversible myocardial injury but did not lead to a sustained increase in the eventual extent of recovery. Reperfusion with leukopenic blood for the first 10 minutes of reflow is sufficient to obtain this benefit.
Fas transduces activation signals in normal human T lymphocytes. (1993)

The Fas gene encodes a cell surface molecule that is a member of the the nerve growth factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor family of proteins and can mediate programmed cell death (apoptosis) in certain transformed cell lines. To characterize further the biological function of Fas, particularly with regard to its function in normal cells, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was generated against the extracellular portion of human Fas. Some of these mAbs induced apoptosis in transformed cell lines expressing Fas, but only when immobilized on the culture vessel. One of the new Fas mAbs (M38) was used for studies on normal lymphoid cells and found to stimulate the proliferation of purified human T cells and thymocytes when immobilized on culture wells along with CD3 antibody. T cell proliferation induced by Fas mAb was largely interleukin 2 independent and was demonstrated to be due to a direct effect on the precursor T cell. Thus, the data demonstrate that in addition to a role in the induction of apoptosis in certain transformed cell lines, the Fas protein may also play an important role in the activation and proliferation of normal T cells.
Absorption Spectroscopy for the Estimation of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) for the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study (2013)

It appears that the direct absorption spectroscopy of hemolysate samples, therefore, may be utilized as a supplementary technique for the estimation of HbA1c (%), even at the primary healthcare centers.
Towards rational design of organic electron acceptors for photovoltaics: a study based on perylenediimide derivatives (2013)

A series of PDI dimers featuring various arylene linkers are developed as electron acceptors in organic solar cells. Using P3HT as the donor, power conversion efficiency of up to 2.3% is achieved with two PDI dimers having spirobifluorene linkers. The results indicate that such non-planar, three-dimensional structures effectively suppress self-aggregation and crystallization of the PDI units, which is favourable for their solar cell performance.
Developing recombinant HPA-1a–specific antibodies with abrogated Fcγ receptor binding for the treatment of fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (2008)

Fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FMAIT) is caused by maternal generation of antibodies specific for paternal platelet antigens and can lead to fetal intracranial hemorrhage. A SNP in the gene encoding integrin beta3 causes a clinically important maternal-paternal antigenic difference; Leu33 generates the human platelet antigen 1a (HPA-1a), whereas Pro33 generates HPA-1b. As a potential treatment to prevent fetal intracranial hemorrhage in HPA-1a alloimmunized pregnancies, we generated an antibody that blocks the binding of maternal HPA-1a-specific antibodies to fetal HPA-1a1b platelets by combining a high-affinity human HPA-1a-specific scFv (B2) with an IgG1 constant region modified to minimize Fcgamma receptor-dependent platelet destruction (G1Deltanab). B2G1Deltanab saturated HPA-1a+ platelets and substantially inhibited binding of clinical HPA-1a-specific sera to HPA-1a+ platelets. The response of monocytes to B2G1Deltanab-sensitized platelets was substantially less than their response to unmodified B2G1, as measured by chemiluminescence. In addition, B2G1Deltanab inhibited chemiluminescence induced by B2G1 and HPA-1a-specific sera. In a chimeric mouse model, B2G1 and polyclonal Ig preparations from clinical HPA-1a-specific sera reduced circulating HPA-1a+ platelets, concomitant with transient thrombocytopenia. As the Deltanab constant region is uninformative in mice, F(ab')2 B2G1 was used as a proof of principle blocking antibody and prevented the in vivo platelet destruction seen with B2G1 and polyclonal HPA-1a-specific antibodies. These results provide rationale for human clinical studies.
Feldspars from Adamant pluton, British Columbia (1969)

Adamant pluton is a zoned body of igneous origin, with a core of pyroxene monzonite transitional outward to hornblende quartz monzonite and biotite-hornblende granodiorite. On chemical and textural evidence, the lithologic zoning resulted from reaction with introduced water and oxygen during regional metamorphism to upper amphibolite facies. Feldspars in the monzonite are orthoclase and andesine of intermediate structural state. During transformation of the pluton, systematic changes in the feldspars comprised: (1) ordering of alkali feldspars toward intermediate microcline, with increase of 2V, decrease of Na and Ca content, and appearance of grid twins; (2) ordering and increase in Na content of plagioclase. The most ordered feldspars, with highest Na distribution coefficient, are found in peripheral granodiorite and in pegmatite cutting the quartz monzonite. The feldspar data support the model proposed for the evolution of the pluton, indicating approach to equilibrium in the peripheral rocks at lower temperatures than that attendant to the formation of the core.
Controlling Cell Behavior Through the Design of Polymer Surfaces (2010)

Polymers have gained a remarkable place in the biomedical field as materials for the fabrication of various devices and for tissue engineering applications. The initial acceptance or rejection of an implantable device is dictated by the crosstalk of the material surface with the bioentities present in the physiological environment. Advances in microfabrication and nanotechnology offer new tools to investigate the complex signaling cascade induced by the components of the extracellular matrix and consequently allow cellular responses to be tailored through the mimicking of some elements of the signaling paths. Patterning methods and selective chemical modification schemes at different length scales can provide biocompatible surfaces that control cellular interactions on the micrometer and sub-micrometer scales on which cells are organized. In this review, the potential of chemically and topographically structured micro- and nanopolymer surfaces are discussed in hopes of a better understanding of cell-biomaterial interactions, including the recent use of biomimetic approaches or stimuli-responsive macromolecules. Additionally, the focus will be on how the knowledge obtained using these surfaces can be incorporated to design biocompatible materials for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, implants, cell-based biosensors, diagnostic systems, and basic cell biology. The review focusses on the research carried out during the last decade.
Use of Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayers in a Study of the Effect of the Microenvironment on Immobilized Glucose Oxidase (1999)

Mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) composed of a medium length, reactive, n-organothiol (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid) and a short length, unreactive, hydrophobic n-alkylthiol (7-heptanethiol) chemisorbed onto evaporated gold surfaces, were used to study the effect of the microenvironment on the structure and activity of immobilized glucose oxidase (GOX). The mixed SAMs were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and cyclic voltammetry. The derivatization of the SAMs for the covalent attachment and the immobilized enzyme were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis of the amide I band of the infrared spectra of GOX immobilized onto surfaces at the two attainable extremes of the hydrophilicity range available to us indicated that the percentage of β sheet increased with increasing hydrophilicity of the microenvironment. The specific activity of GOX was higher when the enzyme was immobilized onto the hydrophobic microenvironment.
Expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha mRNA in human leukemia cells (1989)

The expression of the newly described human retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) in six nonlymphoid and six lymphoid leukemia cell lines and nine freshly obtained samples of leukemia cells from patients with acute nonlymphoid leukemia was assessed by Northern blot analysis, using a full length cDNA clone of RAR alpha as probe. RAR alpha was expressed in all 12 cell lines and in all fresh leukemia samples as two major transcripts of 2.6 and 3.5 kb in size. Levels of RAR alpha expression and transcript sizes in retinoid-sensitive cells (such as HL60 or fresh promyelocytic leukemia cells) were not different from those in other samples. Moreover, expression of RAR alpha was not significantly modulated by exposure to cis-retinoic acid (cisRA) in either cisRA-responsive or unresponsive cells. By using a 3′ fragment of the RAR alpha gene as a probe, we confirmed that the transcripts visualized did not represent the homologous RAR beta gene. RAR alpha appears to be expressed in most human leukemia cells regardless of the type of biologic response to retinoic acid.
Estrogen Receptors Are Essential for Female Sexual Receptivity (1997)

One of the most important, robust and evolutionarily conserved functions for neural estrogen receptor (ER) is as a mediator of female sexual behavior. Using homozygotic ER knockout (ERKO) mice we tested the hypothesis that ER controls female receptivity. Females with either two normal copies of the ER gene (wild-types), or an insertational disruption (knockouts) of the ER were ovariectomized. Each female was treated with 17 beta-estradiol (EB) alone, and with EB in combination with progesterone, prior to tests for behavioral receptivity. Under both hormonal conditions female ERKO mice did not display sexual receptivity whereas wild-type litter-mates were receptive to males. Male behavior indicated that females of both genotypes were equally attractive. Brain tissues were examined with immunocytochemical methods showed that ERKOs had greatly reduced levels of ER immunoreactivity in hypothalamus. In sum, the data show that ER is required for the display of sexual receptivity, but is not essential for female attractivity.
Fructan biosynthesis in excised leaves of Lolium temulentum L. (1988)

SUMMARY Fructan oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization of 3–12 extracted from leaves of Lolium temulemtum L. were analyzed by normal‐phase thin‐layer chromatography. The pattern of oligosaccharides was more complex than that observed in tubers of Helianthus tuberosus L. and stem internodes of Hordeum vulgare L., indicating that fructans of multiple linkage types were present in this tissue. On the basis of co‐chromatography with known standards and constituent hexose analysis, two trisaccharides, neokestose (6‐G fructosyl sucrose) and isokestose (1‐F fructosyl sucrose) were found to accumulate to high concentrations. A third trisaccharide, thought to be kestose (6‐F fructosyl sucrose) was present at much lower tissue concentrations. An abundant tetrasaccharide with a chromatographic mobility similar to that of nystose (1‐F difructosyl sucrose) also accumulated. When carbohydrate‐depleted leaves were excised and continuously illuminated, total water‐soluble carbohydrate accumulation was linear with respect to time at a rate of 1–8 mg g ‐1 fresh mass over a 30 h period. In the first 6h sucrose accumulated to lOmgg1, at which time fructan biosynthesis was detected. Isokestose appeared first, followed by neokestose and subsequently kestose and longer oligo‐ and polyfructosides. Changes in the concentrations of these compounds, and their radioactivity following feeding of 14 CO 2 , was consistent with precursor‐product relationships between sucrose and trisaccharides, and between trisaccharides and oligo‐ and polyfructans.
Three novelT-box genes inCaenorhabditis elegans (1997)

The T-box gene family consists of members that share a unique DNA binding domain. The best characterized T-box gene, Brachyury or T, encodes a transcription factor that plays an important role in early vertebrate development. Seven other recently described mouse T-box genes are also expressed during development. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, four T-box genes have been characterized to date. In this study, we describe three new C. elegans T-box genes, named Ce-tbx-11, Ce-tbx-12, and Ce-tbx-17. Ce-tbx-11 and Ce-tbx-17 were uncovered through the sequencing efforts of the C. elegans Genome Project. Ce-tbx-12 was uncovered through degenerate PCR analysis of C. elegans genomic DNA. Ce-tbx-11 and Ce-tbx-17 are located in close proximity to the four other previously described T-box genes in the central region of chromosome III. In contrast, Ce-tbx-12 maps alone to chromosome II. Phylogenetic analysis of all known T-box domain sequences provides evidence of an ancient origin for this gene family.
Decomplementation with cobra venom factor prolongs survival of xenografted islets in a rat to mouse model (1999)

Although the involvement of complement in hyperacute rejection of xenotransplants is well recognized, its role in rejection of devascularized xenografts, such as pancreatic islets, is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated whether complement participates in the immunopathology of xeno-islet transplantation in a concordant rat to mouse model. Rat pancreatic islets were implanted under the kidney capsule of normal and cobra venom factor (CVF)-decomplementized diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Graft survival was monitored by blood glucose levels. Deposition of IgM and C3 on grafted islets in vivo or on isolated islets in vitro (after incubation with normal and decomplementized mouse serum), as well as CD4- and CD8-positive leucocyte infiltration of grafts, was checked by immunohistochemistry. In addition, complement-mediated cytotoxicity on rat islet cells was evaluated by a 3-(4, 5-dimethythiazolyl)-2.5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay. A significant C3 deposition was found on grafted islets from the first day after transplantation in vivo, as well as on isolated islets after incubation with mouse serum in vitro. By MTT assay, complement-mediated cytotoxicity for islet cells was found. Decomplementation by CVF decreased C3 deposition on either isolated or grafted islets, delayed CD4- and CD8-positive leucocyte infiltration, led to significant inhibition of complement-mediated cytotoxicity for islet cells, and prolonged graft survival (mean survival time 21.3 versus 8.5 days; P<0.01). Our results indicate that decomplementation can prolong the survival time of devascularized xenografts across concordant species. The deposition of complement on transplanted islets may contribute to xenograft rejection by direct cytotoxicity and by promoting leucocyte infiltration.
Improved Corneal Toxicity and Permeability of Tranilast by the Preparation of Ophthalmic Formulations Containing Its Nanoparticles (2014)

We prepared ophthalmic formulations containing 0.5% tranilast (TL) nanoparticles using 0.005% benzalkonium chloride (BAC), 0.5% D-mannitol, and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), and investigated their usefulness in the ophthalmologic field by evaluating corneal toxicity and permeability. TL nanoparticles were prepared using zirconia beads and Bead Smash 12, which allowed the preparation of high quality dispersions containing 0.5% TL nanoparticles (particle size, 34 ± 20 nm, means ± S.D.). Dispersions containing TL nanoparticles are tolerated better by human corneal epithelium cells than a commercially available 0.5% TL preparation (RIZABEN(®) eye drops). In addition, the addition of TL nanoparticles to the dispersions does not affect the antimicrobial activity of BAC against Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), and the corneal penetration of TL from dispersions containing TL nanoparticles was significantly higher than in the case of the commercially available 0.5% TL eye drops. It is possible that dispersions containing TL nanoparticles will show increased effectiveness against ocular inflammation, and that ocular drug delivery systems using drug nanoparticles may lead to an expansion of their usefulness for therapy in the ophthalmologic field.
Identification of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ku80 homologue: roles in DNA double strand break rejoining and in telomeric maintenance (1996)

Ku is a heterodimer of polypeptides of approximately 70 and 80 kDa (Ku70 and Ku80, respectively) that binds to DNA ends. Mammalian cells lacking Ku are defective in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and in site-specific V(D)J recombination. Here, we describe the identification and characterisation of YKU80, the gene for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ku80 homologue. Significantly, we find that YKU80 disruption enhances the radiosensitivity of rad52 mutant strains, suggesting that YKU80 functions in a DNA DSB repair pathway that does not rely on homologous recombination. Indeed, through using an in vivo plasmid rejoining assay, we find that YKU80 plays an essential role in illegitimate recombination events that result in the accurate repair of restriction enzyme generated DSBs. Interestingly, in the absence of YKU80function, residual repair operates through an error-prone pathway that results in recombination between short direct repeat elements. This resembles closely a predominant DSB repair pathway in vertebrates. Together, our data suggest that multiple, evolutionarily conserved mechanisms for DSB repair exist in eukaryotes. Furthermore, they imply that Ku binds to DSBs in vivo and promotes repair both by enhancing accurate DNA end joining and by suppressing alternative error-prone repair pathways. Finally, we report that yku80 mutant yeasts display dramatic telomeric shortening, suggesting that, in addition to recognising DNA damage, Ku also binds to naturally occurring chromosomal ends. These findings raise the possibility that Ku protects chromosomal termini from nucleolytic attack and functions as part of a telomeric length sensing system.
Multiple- and single-shot autocorrelator based on two-photon conductivity in semiconductors (1992)

Two-photon-induced conductivity has been observed in Si and GaAsP photodiodes and in a CdS photo-conductive cell at room temperature and applied to the ultrashort optical pulse measurement with a simplified Michelson-type arrangement. The efficiency of the two-photon conductivity is found to be 3 x 10(-14)I A/W, where I is the intensity of the incident pulse in watts per squared centimeter. A single-shot pulse-width measurement has also been performed by using a two-dimensional silicon CCD array. Use of these inexpensive photodetectors with nonlinear characteristics has proved to be convenient for intensity correlators because of their instantaneous response to temporal coincidence of optical pulses and ease of optical arrangement.