gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concerning the Boron-Mediated Aldol Reaction of Carboxylic Esters (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTConcerning the Boron-Mediated Aldol Reaction of Carboxylic EstersAtsushi Abiko, Ji-Feng Liu, and Satoru MasamuneView Author Information Institute for Fundamental Research, Kao Corporation, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-34, Japan Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8, 2590–2591Publication Date (Web):April 19, 1996Publication History Received7 February 1996Published online19 April 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo960252bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo960252brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1458Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldol reactions,Amines,Boron,Organic compounds,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Kinetic Analysis of Photochemical Upconversion by Triplet−Triplet Annihilation: Beyond Any Spin Statistical Limit (2010)

Upconversion (UC) via triplet−triplet annihilation (TTA) is a promising concept to improve the energy conversion efficiency of solar cells by harvesting photons below the energy threshold. Here, we present a kinetic study of the delayed fluorescence induced by TTA to explore the maximum efficiency of this process. In our model system we find that more than 60% of the triplet molecules that decay by TTA produce emitters in their first excited singlet state, so that the observed TTA effiency exceeds 40% at the point of the highest triplet emitter concentration. This result thoroughly disproves any spin-statistical limitation for the annihilation efficiency and thus has crucial consequences for the applicability of an upconvertor based on TTA, which are discussed.
A system for characterizing cellular and molecular events in programmed neuronal cell death (1993)

A model system has been established in which PC12 cells are converted to neuronal-like cells that undergo transcription-dependent cell death following removal of NGF. Nineteen sublines of PC12 cells were tested to establish parameters for making cells dependent on NGF for survival. In most sublines, a relatively small percentage of cells become dependent on NGF for survival, and following removal of NGF, most of the cells begin proliferating in serum-containing medium. In several sublines, however, a significant percentage of cells die following removal of NGF. One of these sublines, PC6-3, can be grown under conditions in which 90% of the cells undergo transcription-dependent cell death following removal of NGF in either serum-free or serum-containing medium. Fourteen hours after removing NGF, 50% of the cells are committed to die, while initial morphological signs of cell death as determined by time-lapse videomicroscopy occur 2-6 hr later and include loss of neurites followed by a 1-3 hr period of active membrane "blebbing" and protrusions. Cell death can be blocked by the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D, the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, KCl, basic fibroblast growth factor, or dibutryl-cAMP, but not by epidermal growth factor, leupeptin, or the endonuclease inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA). Removal of NGF activates an endonuclease that causes nucleosomal laddering of the DNA; however, endonuclease activity does not appear to be required for cell death. In agreement with previous studies (Batistatou and Greene, 1991; Rukenstein et al., 1991) demonstrating that naive PC12 cells undergo transcription-independent cell death when shifted into serum-free medium in the absence of growth factors, all cell lines tested except for one die when cultured in RPMI medium lacking growth factors. DNA fragmentation is a prominent feature of transcription-independent cell death, and death can be blocked with NGF, ATA, and dibutryl-cAMP but not with actinomycin D or KCl. The PC12 model system described here should be useful for identifying cell death genes and for characterizing cellular and molecular events in programmed neuronal cell death.
Sierra: a power-proportional, distributed storage system (2009)

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of Sierra: a power-proportional, distributed storage system. I/O workloads in data centers show significant diurnal variation, with peak and trough periods. Sierra powers down storage servers during the troughs. The challenge is to ensure that data is available for reads and writes at all times, including power-down periods. Consistency and fault-tolerance of the data, as well as good performance, must also be maintained. Sierra achieves all these through a set of techniques including power-aware layout, predictive gear scheduling, and a replicated shortterm versioned store. Replaying live server traces from a large e-mail service (Hotmail) shows power savings of at least 23%, and analysis of load from a small enterprise shows that power savings of up to 60 % are possible. 1
Proteoglycans guide SDF-1-induced migration of hematopoietic progenitor cells (2002)

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a chemoattractant involved in hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) trafficking to the bone marrow. We studied the role of bone marrow endothelial proteoglycans (PGs) in SDF-1-mediated migration of HPC using a transwell assay. A subclone of progenitor cell line KG-1 (KG-1v) was used, displaying CXCR4-dependent transmigration. Cell surface PGs on bone marrow endothelial cell line 4LHBMEC did not mediate SDF-1-induced transendothelial migration. In contrast, transwell filters precoated with various glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) enhanced migration toward SDF-1. SDF-1-induced migration was reduced by degradation of heparan sulfate in subendothelial matrix produced by 4LHBMEC. The stimulating effect of GAGs was caused by the formation of a stable haptotactic SDF-1 gradient, as SDF-1 bound to immobilized GAGs and triggered migration. Soluble heparan sulfate enhanced SDF-1-induced migration dose-dependently, suggesting that SDF-1-heparan sulfate complexes optimized SDF-1 presentation. In conclusion, we provide evidence that PGs in the subendothelial matrix establish an SDF-1 gradient guiding migrating HPC into the bone marrow.
11-cis retinol dehydrogenase mutations as a major cause of the congenital night-blindness disorder known as fundus albipunctatus. (1999)

These findings strongly implicate defects of RDH5 as the cause of fundus albipunctatus and point to a heterogeneity of RDH5 mutations in this form of congenital stationary night blindness with variable expressivity.
Pendeoepitaxy of gallium nitride thin films (1999)

Pendeoepitaxy, a form of selective lateral growth of GaN thin films has been developed using GaN/AlN/6H–SiC(0001) substrates and produced by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. Selective lateral growth is forced to initiate from the (112̄0) GaN sidewalls of etched GaN seed forms by incorporating a silicon nitride seed mask and employing the SiC substrate as a pseudomask. Coalescence over and between the seed forms was achieved. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that all vertically threading defects stemming from the GaN/AlN and AlN/SiC interfaces are contained within the seed forms and a substantial reduction in the dislocation density of the laterally grown GaN. Atomic force microscopy analysis of the (112̄0) face of discrete pendeoepitaxial structures revealed a root mean square roughness of 0.98 Å. The pendeoepitaxial layer photoluminescence band edge emission peak was observed to be 3.454 eV and is blueshifted by 12 meV as compared to the GaN seed layer.
Compressive image super-resolution (2009)

This paper proposes a new algorithm to generate a super-resolution image from a single, low-resolution input without the use of a training data set. We do this by exploiting the fact that the image is highly compressible in the wavelet domain and leverage recent results of compressed sensing (CS) theory to make an accurate estimate of the original high-resolution image. Unfortunately, traditional CS approaches do not allow direct use of a wavelet compression basis because of the coherency between the point-samples from the downsampling process and the wavelet basis. To overcome this problem, we incorporate the downsampling low-pass filter into our measurement matrix, which decreases coherency between the bases. To invert the downsampling process, we use the appropriate inverse filter and solve for the high-resolution image using a greedy, matching-pursuit algorithm. The result is a simple and efficient algorithm that can generate high quality, high-resolution images without the use of training data. We present results that show the improved performance of our method over existing super-resolution approaches.
Dopamine agonists: their role in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (2000)

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Synthesis of 3′‐Amino‐2′,3′‐dideoxy‐hexofuranose Nucleosides with Potential Anti‐Viral Activity (1991)

Michael type addition of DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene) phthalimide salt to 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-aldehydo-D-erythro-trans-hex-2-enos e 2 and concomitant acetyl shift give an anomeric mixture of arabino and ribo isomers of 5,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-3-phthalimido-D-hexofuranose 3 which after acetylation at the anomeric hydroxy group is separated to give 4 and 5. Subsequent reaction with 5'-substituted silylated uracil in the presence of TMS-triflate results in three different 5',6'-di-O-acetyl-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-phthalimido-D-hexofuranose nucleosides 7, 9, and 10 which were deprotected to give the corresponding 3'-amino nucleosides 8, 11, and 12. The compounds 7-12 were investigated for their activity against HSV-1 and HIV-1.
Large-Scale Integration of Hybrid-Method Digital Subscriber Loops (1982)

This paper reports on studies concerning the feasibility of large-scale integrated realization of the circuits needed to provide hybrid-mode full-duplex digital transmission at 80 kbits/s or higher rates over standard local telephone loops. Alternative means of achieving the required 60 dB or so of echo cancellation have been studied in detail. The conclusion is that a combination of analog and digital circuit techniques permit practical MOSLSI realization of the complete modem, including filters, echo canceller, timing recovery, and A/D and D/A converters, without need for external circuit elements, trimming, or adjustments. The preferred system configuration has been evaluated by means of analysis, simulation, and laboratory and field measurements. A complete full duplex system, including an experimental NMOS integrated circuit echo canceller, was built and tested. Measurements showed a bit error rate lower than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l0^{-8}</tex> with line attenuation up to 40 dB, operating at 80 kbits/s. We conclude that a fully integrated MOSLSI ciruit to implement all functions for a hybrid-mode digital local loop is entirely feasible.
Thiolactomycin, a new antibiotic. III. In vitro antibacterial activity. (1982)

Thiolactomycin is a new broad-spectrum antibiotic, active in vitro against many species of Gram-positive cocci, Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus, acid-fast bacteria and anaerobic bacteria. However, the activity is generally moderate and bacteriostatic in action. This antibiotic eludes cross resistance with any of the known antibacterial drugs such as ampicillin, carbenicillin or cycloserine. The effect on Gram-negative bacilli in vitro is little affected by the inoculum size, the presence of horse serum, the pH of the medium or the type of medium. When thiolactomycin was added to the assay medium, the minimum inhibitory concentration of ampicillin against inducible beta-lactamase producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reduced. Thiolactomycin inhibited the production of inducible beta-lactamase in several organisms.
Fine control of L10 ordering and grain growth kinetics by C doping in FePt films (2003)

We present the results on highly anisotropic oriented face-centered-tetragonal ordered equiatomic FePt thin films embedded in a C matrix prepared by cosputtering technique on MgO (100) substrates at 400 °C. We have found that doping of C in FePt alloy films is an effective and appropriate way to control the L10 ordering and growth of grain size down to 4 nm. Room-temperature magnetic measurements reveal that perpendicular magnetic anisotropy exists for these films with C concentration up to 25 vol %. These films are very promising and the results are of relevance for ultrahigh-density magnetic recording media.
Expression and Regulation by Interferon of a Double-Stranded-RNA-Specific Adenosine Deaminase from Human Cells: Evidence for Two Forms of the Deaminase (1995)

A 6,474-nucleotide human cDNA clone designated K88, which encodes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-specific adenosine deaminase, was isolated in a screen for interferon (IFN)-regulated cDNAs. Northern (RNA) blot analysis revealed that the K88 cDNA hybridized to a single major transcript of approximately 6.7 kb in human cells which was increased about fivefold by IFN treatment. Polyclonal antisera prepared against K88 cDNA products expressed in Escherichia coli as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins recognized two proteins by Western (immunoblot) analysis. An IFN-induced 150-kDa protein and a constitutively expressed 110-kDa protein whose level was not altered by IFN treatment were detected in human amnion U and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines. Only the 150-kDa protein was detected in mouse fibroblasts with antiserum raised against the recombinant human protein; the mouse 150-kDa protein was IFN inducible. Immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionation analyses showed that the 110-kDa protein was exclusively nuclear, whereas the 150-kDa protein was present in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of human cells. The amino acid sequence deduced from the K88 cDNA includes three copies of the highly conserved R motif commonly found in dsRNA-binding proteins. Both the 150-kDa and the 110-kDa proteins prepared from human nuclear extracts bound to double-stranded but not to single-stranded RNA affinity columns. Furthermore, E. coli-expressed GST-K88 fusion proteins that included the R motif possessed dsRNA-binding activity. Extracts prepared either from K88 cDNA-transfected cells or from IFN-treated cells contained increased dsRNA-specific adenosine deaminase enzyme activity. These results establish that K88 encodes an IFN-inducible dsRNA-specific adenosine deaminase and suggest that at least two forms of dsRNA-specific adenosine deaminase occur in human cells.
Immunohistochemical staining for vimentin and keratin in malignant mesothelioma (1985)

Because tissue culture studies have suggested that mesothelial cells might produce large amounts of vimentin, I stained eight mesotheliomas (two fixed in alcohol) for vimentin using the Gown and Vogel monoclonal antibody 43 beta E8. The two tumors that had alcohol fixed blocks were strongly positive for vimentin, whereas one of the tumors fixed only in formalin showed moderately strong staining and two others showed very weak focal positivity; the remaining tumors were negative. In the mesotheliomas that did stain, both epithelial and spindled elements gave a positive reaction. Three alcohol-fixed lung cancers and two blocks of alcohol-fixed pleura failed to stain for vimentin. By contrast, all mesotheliomas and carcinomas, whether alcohol or formalin fixed, as well as sections of pleura, were strongly positive when stained with anticytokeratin antibody 35 beta H11. I conclude that the combination of staining for vimentin and keratin might be a useful diagnostic finding in malignant mesothelioma, but that specially fixed material is required for reliable vimentin staining.
Complement component C5a predicts future cardiovascular events in patients with advanced atherosclerosis (2005)

Complement activation, indicated by the elevation of C5a, seems to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk in patients with advanced atherosclerosis. Clinically, determination of C5a may add to the predictive value of other non-specific inflammatory parameters.
Bioprospecting for Microbial Endophytes and Their Natural Products (2003)

Endophytic microorganisms are to be found in virtually every plant on earth. These organisms reside in the living tissues of the host plant and do so in a variety of relationships, ranging from symbiotic to slightly pathogenic. Because of what appears to be their contribution to the host plant, the endophytes may produce a plethora of substances of potential use to modern medicine, agriculture, and industry. Novel antibiotics, antimycotics, immunosuppressants, and anticancer compounds are only a few examples of what has been found after the isolation, culture, purification, and characterization of some choice endophytes in the recent past. The potential prospects of finding new drugs that may be effective candidates for treating newly developing diseases in humans, plants, and animals are great.
Deinterlacing using directional interpolation and motion compensation (2003)

In this paper, we propose a new deinterlacing algorithm, which uses directional interpolation and motion compensation. In the proposed method, intrafield interpolation is first performed in the direction that shows the highest correlation. Second, motion estimation is performed between two fields of the same parity. The motion vector is further refined in half-pixel accuracy. In the conventional motion compensated methods, a prefilter such as line averaging, is applied to interpolate missing lines prior to motion estimation between opposite parity fields. The proposed method does not require this prefilter since block matching is performed between the same parity fields. Finally, we apply a test and use either directional interpolation or motion compensated interpolation depending on the test result. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method provides better performances than conventional deinterlacing algorithms.
Cell to Cell Contact Is Not Required for Bystander Cell Killing by Escherichia coli Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (1998)

Expression of Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activates prodrugs and kills entire populations of mammalian cells, even when as few as 1% of the cells express this gene. This phenomenon of bystander killing has been previously investigated for herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) and has been shown to require cell to cell contact. Using silicon rings to separate E. coli PNP expressing cells from non-expressing cells sharing the same medium, we demonstrate that bystander cell killing by E. coli PNP does not require cell-cell contact. Initially, cells expressing E. coli PNP convert the non-toxic prodrug, 6-methylpurine-2'-deoxyriboside (MeP-dR) to the highly toxic membrane permeable toxin, 6-methylpurine (MeP). As the expressing cells die, E. coli PNP is released into the culture medium, retains activity, and continues precursor conversion extracellularly (as determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography of both prodrug and toxin). Bystander killing can also be observed in the absence of extracellular E. coli PNP by removing the MeP-dR prior to death of the expressing cells. In this case, 100% of cultured cells die when as few as 3% of the cells of a population express E. coli PNP. Blocking nucleoside transport with nitrobenzylthioinosine reduces MeP-dR mediated cell killing but not MeP cell killing. These mechanisms differ fundamentally from those previously reported for the HSV-TK gene.
Environment-dependent residue contact energies for proteins (2000)

We examine the interactions between amino acid residues in the context of their secondary structural environments (helix, strand, and coil) in proteins. Effective contact energies for an expanded 60-residue alphabet (20 aa x three secondary structural states) are estimated from the residue-residue contacts observed in known protein structures. Similar to the prototypical contact energies for 20 aa, the newly derived energy parameters reflect mainly the hydrophobic interactions; however, the relative strength of such interactions shows a strong dependence on the secondary structural environment, with nonlocal interactions in beta-sheet structures and alpha-helical structures dominating the energy table. Environment-dependent residue contact energies outperform existing residue pair potentials in both threading and three-dimensional contact prediction tests and should be generally applicable to protein structure prediction.
Impact of Pulse Oximetry Surveillance on Rescue Events and Intensive Care Unit Transfers (2010)

Patient surveillance monitoring results in a reduced need for rescues and intensive care unit transfers.
Usefulness of D-dimer, blood gas, and respiratory rate measurements for excluding pulmonary embolism (1998)

All three of these observations are helpful in excluding PE. When any two parameters were normal, PE was very unlikely. In patients with a negative SimpliRED test and PaO2 of > or = 80 mm Hg a lung scan is usually unnecessary. Application of this approach for triage in the preliminary assessment of suspected PE could lead to a reduced rate of false positive diagnoses and considerable resource savings.
Selective Inhibition of c‐Myc/Max Dimerization by a Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine (2007)

c-Myc/Max Dimerization. The interaction between the oncoprotein c-Myc and its activation partner Max is considered to be a desirable target for cancer drug development. However, the interaction is mediated by large α-helical interfaces without obvious binding sites for small molecule inhibitors. This paper describes the identification of a substitution pattern for pyrazolopyrimidines which appears to be associated with activity against this challenging target. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2452/2007/z600294_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.