gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High field electrostrictive response of polymers (1994)

Abstract It is well known that electrostrictive strains are proportional to the square of the applied electric field. It therefore appeared reasonable to assume that for some polymeric materials, a large acoustic thickness response, d T , \[ \left( {d_T = \frac{{dS}}{{dE}}} \right) \] might be obtained by application of high dc bias fields, ∼ 20 MV/m, to a film while driving the film with an ac signal to access the high slope region of the electrostrictive strain vs. applied field curve. Previous studies of crystallizing poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF 2 ) from solution under high electric fields have demonstrated that gel‐like samples of PVF 2 with high content of the plasticizer tricresyl phosphate (TCP) could be subjected to electric fields as high as ∼ 100 MV/m. Using this type of heavily plasticized PVF 2 d T values ∼ 4 Å/V were obtained. Values of 9 Å/V were obtained for a certain class of thermoplastic elastomer (i.e., a polyurethane). These d T values are considerably greater than those obtained from conventional piezoelectric ceramic materials. In addition, large elastic strains (&gt; 3%) were observed as a function of applied dc field. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Cachectin/tumour necrosis factor-alpha in the circulation of patients with rheumatic disease. (1989)

By means of a sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay, cachectin/tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) was measured in sera from 51 patients with rheumatic disease. Elevated levels of circulating cachectin/TNF were observed in 46% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; p less than 0.001 versus blood donors) and in 29% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; p less than 0.05 versus blood donors). Marked elevation of cachectin/TNF occurred in both RA and SLE patients in connection with severe infections. The results show that cachectin/TNF is present in the circulation of certain patients with rheumatic disease, and that although the median cachectin TNF level in SLE patients is lower than that in RA patients, the cachectin/TNF response in SLE patients to severe infections is similar to that in RA patients.
The molecular spectrum and clinical impact of DIS3 mutations in multiple myeloma (2014)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm that presents with a major biological and clinical heterogeneity. We here investigated the spectrum of clonal and subclonal mutations of DIS3, an active part of the exosome complex, that may play a role in the development or progression of MM. The whole coding sequence of DIS3 was subjected to deep sequencing in 81 uniformly-treated MM patients and 12 MM cell lines and the overall occurrence of DIS3 mutations as well as the presence of DIS3 mutations in minor and major subclones were correlated with cytogenetic alterations and clinical parameters. Our study identified DIS3 mutations in 9/81 patients that were associated with 13q14 deletions and IGH translocations on the cytogenetic level. Specifically, we detected seven novel somatic DIS3 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and defined three hot spot mutations within the RNB domain. Lastly, we found a trend towards a shorter median overall survival for patients with DIS3 mutations, and patients carrying DIS3 mutations in minor subclones of their tumours showed a significantly worse response to therapy compared to patients with DIS3 mutations in the major subclone.
Research on high-efficiency, single-junction, monolithic, thin-film a-Si solar cells. Annual subcontract progress report, 1 February 1984-31 January 1985 (1985)

This research program consisted of five tasks. Task 1, Amorphous Silicon Materials Research, involved producing and optimizing amorphous silicon material. Task 2, Non-Semiconductor Materials Research, involved producing nonsemiconductor materials required to make high-performance, amorphous silicon solar cells. Task 3, Solar Cell Research, involved fabricating and characterizing high-efficiency, single-junction, p-i-n amorphous silicon solar cells. In Task 4, Monolithic, Intra-Connected Cells/Submodule Research, research and development was performed to produce submodules of monolithic, intraconnected solar cells. In Task 5, Multi-Chamber Deposition System, a multi-chamber system was designed to fabricate submodules of at least 1000 cm/sup 2/. The major goals of the program are: (1) to obtain a conversion efficiency of at least 12% (AM1) in a single-junction, p-i-n, 1-cm/sup 2/ solar cell; (2) to eliminate the deleterious effects of light-induced, metastable centers; (3) to operate a multi-chamber deposition a-Si growth system; and (4) to demonstrate a stable submodule with an 8% conversion efficiency (AM1) and a total area of at least 1000 cm/sup 2/.
Elucidation of a Carotenoid Biosynthesis Gene Cluster Encoding a Novel Enzyme, 2,2′-β-Hydroxylase, from Brevundimonas sp. Strain SD212 and Combinatorial Biosynthesis of New or Rare Xanthophylls (2005)

A carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster mediating the production of 2-hydroxyastaxanthin was isolated from the marine bacterium Brevundimonas sp. strain SD212 by using a common crtI sequence as the probe DNA. A sequence analysis revealed this cluster to contain 12 open reading frames (ORFs), including the 7 known genes, crtW, crtY, crtI, crtB, crtE, idi, and crtZ. The individual ORFs were functionally analyzed by complementation studies using Escherichia coli that accumulated various carotenoid precursors due to the presence of other bacterial crt genes. In addition to functionally identifying the known crt genes, we found that one (ORF11, named crtG) coded for a novel enzyme, carotenoid 2,2'-beta-hydroxylase, which showed intriguingly partial homology with animal sterol-C5-desaturase. When this crtG gene was introduced into E. coli accumulating zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin, the resulting transformants produced their 2-hydroxylated and 2,2'-dihydroxylated products which were structurally novel or rare xanthophylls, as determined by their nuclear magnetic resonance and high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detector/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry spectral data. The new carotenoid produced was suggested to have a strong inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation.
CRISPR-Cas12a target binding unleashes indiscriminate single-stranded DNase activity (2018)

CRISPR-Cas12a (Cpf1) proteins are RNA-guided enzymes that bind and cut DNA as components of bacterial adaptive immune systems. Like CRISPR-Cas9, Cas12a has been harnessed for genome editing on the basis of its ability to generate targeted, double-stranded DNA breaks. Here we show that RNA-guided DNA binding unleashes indiscriminate single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) cleavage activity by Cas12a that completely degrades ssDNA molecules. We find that target-activated, nonspecific single-stranded deoxyribonuclease (ssDNase) cleavage is also a property of other type V CRISPR-Cas12 enzymes. By combining Cas12a ssDNase activation with isothermal amplification, we create a method termed DNA endonuclease-targeted CRISPR trans reporter (DETECTR), which achieves attomolar sensitivity for DNA detection. DETECTR enables rapid and specific detection of human papillomavirus in patient samples, thereby providing a simple platform for molecular diagnostics.
First calibration and visible wavelength observations of Khayyam, a tunable spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) (2014)

We describe results from a new instrument-telescope configuration that combines all of the capabilities necessary to obtain high resolving power visible band spectra of diffuse targets from small aperture on-axis telescopes where significant observing time can be obtained. This instrument, Khayyam, is a tunable all-reflective spatial heterodyne spectrometer (TSHS) that is mounted to a fixed focal plane shared by the 0.6m Coude auxiliary telescope on Mt. Hamilton, CA. Khayyam has up to 55 arcsec input field of view, resolving power up to 176000, and a tunable bandpass covering (triangle)&lambda;<sub>B</sub> &lt; 100nm. Khayyam is being field tested to study spatially extended astronomical targets where high resolving power is necessary to separate multimodal signals, crowded molecular bands, and to sample low (&lt;10 km/s) velocities at rapid temporal cadence. Here we will discuss the design considerations going into this new system, its installation, testing of the interferometer-telescope combination, the first science target observations and future plans.
Mechanisms of ibrutinib resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (2015)

Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), a mediator of B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and other B-cell malignancies. Ibrutinib is an orally bioavailable and highly specific BTK inhibitor that was recently approved for treatment of patients with recurrent CLL and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). In addition, ibrutinib has shown efficacy in subsets of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia (WM). However, despite ibrutinib's activity in multiple B-cell malignancies, cases of primary and secondary resistance have emerged. The overall reported frequency of resistance is low, but follow-up in many trials was short, and we predict that the incidence of observed resistance will increase as clinical use outside clinical trials expands over time. Mutations within BTK have been described and clearly interfere with drug binding; however, there are also emerging alternative mechanisms that bypass BTK entirely and offer new opportunities for other targeted agents. Improved understanding of mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance is essential to developing appropriate therapeutic strategies to both prevent and address resistance. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of ibrutinib resistance in CLL, MCL, DLBCL and WM and considers potential strategies for further study.
HFE Genotyping by Amplification Refractory Mutation System–Denaturing HPLC (2002)

characteristic metabolites (e.g., guanidinoacetate) by tandem mass spectrometry (15 ) can now be complemented by a genetic screening method applicable in dried blood spots.
Allosteric activation of the extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor byL-amino acids enhances ERK1/2 phosphorylation (2007)

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) mediates feedback control of Ca2+o (extracellular Ca2+) concentration. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, the CaR couples to several important intracellular signalling enzymes, including PI-PLC (phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C), leading to Ca2+i (intracellular Ca2+) mobilization, and ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2). In addition to Ca2+o, the CaR is activated allosterically by several subclasses of L-amino acids, including the aromatics L-phenylalanine and L-tryptophan. These amino acids enhance the Ca2+o-sensitivity of Ca2+i mobilization in CaR-expressing HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells and normal human parathyroid cells. Furthermore, on a background of a physiological fasting serum L-amino acid mixture, they induce a small, but physiologically significant, enhancement of Ca2+o-dependent suppression of PTH (parathyroid hormone) secretion. The impact of amino acids on CaR-stimulated ERK1/2, however, has not been determined. In the present study, we examined the effects of L-amino acids on Ca2+o-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation as determined by Western blotting and a newly developed quantitative assay (SureFire). L-Amino acids induced a small, but significant, enhancement of Ca2+o-stimulated ERK1/2. In CaR-expressing HEK-293 cells, 10 mM L-phenylalanine lowered the EC50 for Ca2+o from approx. 2.3 to 2.0 mM in the Western blot assay and from 3.4 to 2.9 mM in the SureFire assay. The effect was stereoselective (L>D), and another aromatic amino acid, L-tryptophan, was also effective. The effects of amino acids were investigated further in HEK-293 cells that expressed the CaR mutant S169T. L-Phenylalanine normalized the EC50 for Ca2+o-stimulated Ca2+i mobilization from approx. 12 mM to 5.0 mM and ERK1/2 phosphorylation from approx. 4.6 mM to 2.6 mM. Taken together, the data indicate that L-phenylalanine and other amino acids enhance the Ca2+o-sensitivity of CaR-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation; however, the effect is comparatively small and operates in the form of a fine-tuning mechanism.
Asymmetrical Deterministic Lateral Displacement Gaps for Dual Functions of Enhanced Separation and Throughput of Red Blood Cells (2016)

Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) method for particle separation in microfluidic devices has been extensively used for particle separation in recent years due to its high resolution and robust separation. DLD has shown versatility for a wide spectrum of applications for sorting of micro particles such as parasites, blood cells to bacteria and DNA. DLD model is designed for spherical particles and efficient separation of blood cells is challenging due to non-uniform shape and size. Moreover, separation in sub-micron regime requires the gap size of DLD systems to be reduced which exponentially increases the device resistance, resulting in greatly reduced throughput. This paper shows how simple application of asymmetrical DLD gap-size by changing the ratio of lateral-gap (GL) to downstream-gap (GD) enables efficient separation of RBCs without greatly restricting throughput. This method reduces the need for challenging fabrication of DLD pillars and provides new insight to the current DLD model. The separation shows an increase in DLD critical diameter resolution (separate smaller particles) and increase selectivity for non-spherical RBCs. The RBCs separate better as compared to standard DLD model with symmetrical gap sizes. This method can be applied to separate non-spherical bacteria or sub-micron particles to enhance throughput and DLD resolution.
A new antisense tRNA construct for the genetic treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (1996)

Different strategies proposed in the literature to attempt gene therapy of AIDS are based mainly on the intracellular production of RNA and protein therapeutics. This report describes the construction and the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity of a new type of antisense tRNA directed against a nucleotide region in the first coding exon of HIV-1 tat (nucleotides 5924 to 5943; Los Alamos data bank) which is conserved among many HIV-1 clones. The anti-tat antisense sequence was inserted into a tRNA(Pro) backbone by replacement of the anticodon loop, without altering the tRNA canonic tetraloop structure. The antisense tRNA was able to interact effectively with its target in vitro. Jurkat cells that constitutively expressed the anti-tat tRNA following retroviral vector transduction exhibited significant resistance to HIV-1 de novo infection. Resistance seemed to correlate with the level of antisense expression. This is the first time that such a tRNA antisense strategy has been shown to be effective as a genetic treatment of HIV-1 infection in tissue culture. The construct design proposed in this report has some intrinsic advantages: the transcript is driven by a polymerase III promoter, the short length of the RNA minimizes effects of intramolecular base pairing that may impair target recognition, and the antisense RNA has the stability and intracellular fate of a native tRNA molecule.
Cross metathesis functionalization of polyolefinsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: experimental details. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b3/b313954a/ (2004)

A cross metathesis strategy is reported for the post-polymerization functionalization of the pendant vinyl groups present in a range of polyolefin architectures. This represents a general strategy for the synthesis of tailored random and block copolymers as well as homopolymers.
Dopamine Agonists in the Treatment of Parkinsons Disease-Past, Present and Future (2000)

An attempt is made by the author to highlight the important events that laid the foundation of dopamine agonists as a treatment strategy for Parkinson s disease. This debilitating neurodegenerative disorder is long recognized as a result of progressive cell loss in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. The destruction of dopaminergic neurons with projections to the striatum results in the diminishing striatal dopamine levels. Anticholinergic drugs were once widely used to counteract the relative overactivity of cholinergic output from the basal ganglia and the strategy was only met with limited success. The discovery of dopamine depletion and the use of levodopa - a dopamine metabolic precursor, led the way to dopamine replacement therapy . The initial success with levodopa was soon overshadowed by the long-term side effects associated with levodopa. Many new drugs were developed with the hope to replace or strengthen the usefulness of levodopa. Apomorphine and ergot alkaloids have been around for some time; they are recently joined by newer dopamine agonists such as ropinirole and pramipexole. Each of these has its own characteristics and has occupied a place in the pharmacotherapy of Parkinson s disease. In this review older aporphines and ergot alkaloids are discussed first. More emphasis is directed to the side-effect profiles, metabolism and pharmacokinetics in terms of their unique chemical structures. The most recent agonists will be briefly discussed before we move on to the future - the future of emerging novel classes of promising dopaminergic agonists.
Syntheses, kinetics, and mechanism of formation of polynuclear hydroxo-bridged complexes of (trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses, kinetics, and mechanism of formation of polynuclear hydroxo-bridged complexes of (trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II)Devinder S. Gill and Barnett RosenbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 17, 4598–4604Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00381a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00381a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views310Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distributed schedule management in the Tiger video fileserver (1997)

Tiger is a scalable, fault-tolerant video file server constructed from a collection of computers connected by a switclied network., All content files are striped across all of the computers and disks in a Tiger system. In order to prevent conflicts for a particular resource between two viewers, Tiger schedules viewers so that ihey do not require access to the same resource at the same time. In the abstract, there is a single, global schedule that describes all of the viewers in the system. In practice, the schedule is distrib&d among all of the computers in the system, each of which has a possibly partially inconsistent view of a subset of the schedule. By using such a relaxed consistency model for the schedule, Tiger achieves scalability and fault tolerance while still providing $e consistent, coordinated service required by viewers.
Percutaneous Radiofrequency Microfasciotomy for the Treatment of Plantar Fasciosis (2011)

Chronic plantar fasciosis is a very common condition affecting both active and sedentary adults. Nonoperative treatment is successful in most cases of chronic plantar fasciosis and surgical intervention is used as a last resort. The use of plasma ablation (coblation) with microtenotomy is becoming well established for treating chronic tendinopathies in the extremities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of plasma radiofrequency microfasciotomy (RFMF) for relieving pain associated with chronic plantar fasciosis. Our observations showed that RFMF seems to provide equally successful clinical results as plantar fasciotomy while sparing the severing of the plantar fascia. On the basis of our comparative results of percutaneous plantar fasciotomy (W.B.W.), our results seem to suggest that patients undergoing RFMF returned to activities of daily living more quickly than those patients undergoing open plantar fasciotomy and had fewer long-term complications after the procedure. At 6 months, postoperative RFMF was equivalent to open plantar fasciotomy in reducing the chronic pain of plantar fasciosis in more than 80% of the patients treated. Furthermore, there were reduced and short-term incidences of postoperative complications and a faster return to activities of daily living compared with conventional surgery using open plantar fasciotomy.
A perspective on ISO C (1996)

As C++ programmers, we already feel the impact of the work of the ANSI/ISO C++ standards committee. Yet the ink is hardly dry on the first official draft of the standard. Already, we can use language features only hinted at in the ARM [Ellis,1989] and ‘‘The C++ Programming Language (second edition),’ ’ [Strous-trup,1991], compilers are beginning to show improved compatibility, implementations of the new standard
Mesostructured Silica Supports for Functional Materials and Molecular Machines (2007)

Abstract Mesostructured silica thin films and particles prepared by surfactant‐templated sol–gel techniques are highly versatile substrates for the formation of functional materials. The ability to deliberately place molecules possessing desired activities in specific spatially separated regions of the nanostructure is an important feature of these materials. Such placement utilizes strategies that exploit the physical and chemical differences between the silica framework and the templated pores. As an example of placement of pairs of molecules, donor and acceptor molecules can be targeted to different regions of mesostructured thin films and energy transfer between them can be measured. The results not only demonstrate the spatial separation but also are used as a molecular ruler to measure the average distance between them. Mesostructured silica is also an excellent support for molecular machines. Molecules that undergo large amplitude motion, when attached to the silica, can function as impellers and nanovalves when activated by light, electrical (redox) and chemical (pH, competitive binding) energy. Derivatized azobenzene molecules, attached to pore walls by using one of the placement strategies, function as impellers that can move other molecules through the pores. Rotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes, placed at pore entrances, function as gatekeepers that can trap and release molecules from the pores when stimulated. Deliberately placed functional molecules on and in mesostructured silica offer many possibilities for both fundamental studies on the nanoscale and for applications in fields as diverse as fluidics, biological drug delivery and controlled release.
Lymphopenia and Treatment-Related Infectious Complications in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (2012)

Lymphopenia is frequent during the treatment of AAV, and its severity is associated with the risk of infectious complications.