gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The development of anti-CD79 monoclonal antibodies for treatment of B-cell neoplastic disease. (1995)

The B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) consists of cell surface IgM associated with the CD79 alpha/beta heterodimer. In this paper we describe a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognising the extracellular regions of human CD79 alpha and beta. FACS analysis demonstrated that the mAbs bind to a range of Burkitt's lymphoma lines, a mouse B-cell line (JO-72) transfected with human CD79 alpha and beta, and tumour biopsies from NHL patients. The specificity of the mAbs was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. The Ka for the binding of IgG from the anti-CD79 alpha mAbs to cell surface CD79 alpha on Ramos cells was 3 x 10(8) M-1, and their maximum level of binding, 1.7-2 x 10(5) molecules/cell, matched that obtained with anti-Fc mu and anti-Fd mu mAbs. All four anti-CD79 beta mAbs were of lower affinity. Interestingly, in growth arrest studies, we found that while all anti-Fc mu mAbs caused profound inhibition of proliferation of Ramos cells, a range of other anti-BCR mAbs, which included the anti-CD79, anti-Fab mu, anti-gamma and anti-idiotype reagents, all performed poorly giving a maximum of 25% inhibition. These differences in performance are believed to relate to the ability of anti-BCR mAbs to cross-link neighbouring surface BCR and suggest that, unlike anti-Fc mu which favours cross-linking, most of these mAbs are binding in a monogamous, non-cross-linking, union with the BCR.
Mapping the Melatonin Receptor. 5. Melatonin Agonists and Antagonists Derived from Tetrahydrocyclopent[b]indoles, Tetrahydrocarbazoles and Hexahydrocyclohept[b]indoles (1998)

Tetrahydrocyclopent[b]indoles, tetrahydrocarbazoles, and hexahydrocyclohept[b]indoles have been prepared as melatonin analogues to investigate the nature of the binding site of the melatonin receptor. The affinity of analogues was compared in a radioligand binding assay using chicken brain membranes and agonist and antagonist potency measured in clonal Xenopus laevis melanophore cells. Comparison of the N-acyl-3-amino-6-methoxytetrahydrocarbazoles (2) with N-acyl-4-(aminomethyl)-6-methoxy-9-methyltetrahydrocarbazoles (9) showed that the latter have much higher binding affinities for the chicken brain receptor. Comparison of N-acyl-1-(aminomethyl)-7-methoxy-4-methyltetrahydrocyclopent[b]ind oles (10), 6-methoxytetrahydrocarbazoles (9), and N-acyl-10-(aminomethyl)-2-methoxy-5-methylhexahydrocyclohept[b]ind oles (11) showed that the tetrahydrocarbazoles had the highest binding affinity with the cyclohept[b]indoles and the cyclopent[b]indoles having rather lower affinities. All of these observations are in agreement with our postulated model of melatonin orientation at the binding pocket in which the 3-amidoethane side chain is in a conformation close to the 5-methoxyl group, as is shown in the X-ray crystallographic structure of 9m and in the energy-minimized computed structures. Separation of the enantiomers of members from each of these three systems was accomplished by chiral HPLC. It was found that in all cases the (-)-enantiomer had a higher binding affinity than the (+)-enantiomer. An X-ray crystallographic analysis of the two enantiomers of 9a showed that the (+)-enantiomer had the (R) absolute stereochemistry. Since the sign of the Cotton curves, determined from circular dichroism studies, was the same for all (+)-enantiomers, it is assumed that the absolute stereochemistry at these centers is identical. In the Xenopus melanophore assay, the tetrahydrocarbazoles 2 (R = H) were mainly weak antagonists, while those with R = OMe were agonists. The biological behavior of the tetrahydrocarbazoles 9 (R = H) depended on R1, some being agonists and some antagonists, whereas those with R = OMe were generally agonists. Variation of the R and R1 groups in compounds of type 9 produced both agonists and antagonists. The tetrahydrocylopentaindoles 10 had similar biological properties to the corresponding analogues of 9, but the hexahydrocycloheptaindoles 11 showed a much greater propensity to be antagonists. In all cases the (S)-enantiomers were found to be more potent agonists than the (R)-enantiomers.
Caries Detection Methods Based on Changes in Optical Properties between Healthy and Carious Tissue (2010)

A conservative, noninvasive or minimally invasive approach to clinical management of dental caries requires diagnostic techniques capable of detecting and quantifying lesions at an early stage, when progression can be arrested or reversed. Objective evidence of initiation of the disease can be detected in the form of distinct changes in the optical properties of the affected tooth structure. Caries detection methods based on changes in a specific optical property are collectively referred to as optically based methods. This paper presents a simple overview of the feasibility of three such technologies for quantitative or semiquantitative assessment of caries lesions. Two of the techniques are well-established: quantitative light-induced fluorescence, which is used primarily in caries research, and laser-induced fluorescence, a commercially available method used in clinical dental practice. The third technique, based on near-infrared transillumination of dental enamel is in the developmental stages.
Cell cycle and electron microscopic evaluation of the adenocarcinoma antigen recognised by the monoclonal antibody 44-3A6. (1991)

Adenocarcinomas represent one group of tumours which are seen in the broad spectrum of pulmonary neoplasms. We have produced a monoclonal antibody (44-3A6) which reacts with a 40 kD protein expressed by human primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas and cell lines. Using FACS analysis, this antigen does not appear to be cell cycle specific, and is exposed to the external cell surface. This subcellular localisation has been confirmed using a whole cell, pre-embedding, EM-immunogold labelling technique.
The performance of spin lock alternatives for shared-memory multiprocessors (1990)

The author examines the questions of whether there are efficient algorithms for software spin-waiting given hardware support for atomic instructions, or whether more complex kinds of hardware support are needed for performance. He considers the performance of a number of software spin-waiting algorithms. Arbitration for control of a lock is in many ways similar to arbitration for control of a network connecting a distributed system. He applies several of the static and dynamic arbitration methods originally developed for networks to spin locks. A novel method is proposed for explicitly queueing spinning processors in software by assigning each a unique number when it arrives at the lock. Control of the lock can then be passed to the next processor in line with minimal effect on other processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Memory, repression, and child sexual abuse: forensic implications for the mental health professional. (1997)

Childhood sexual abuse is prevalent in our society today. Over the last 30 years, mental health professionals have become increasingly involved in the assessment and treatment of adults who were sexually abused as children. The emergence of the phenomenon of recovered memories has divided both families and mental health professionals. The current debate over repressed memory as well as the prominent theories in this area are discussed. Recent legal developments of repressed memory litigation are discussed along with examples of legal cases that are most relevant to mental health professionals today.
Purification and characterization of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from rat brain. (1987)

We previously reported the immunoaffinity purification of an acetylcholine receptor from chicken brain that did not bind alpha-bungarotoxin but did bind nicotine and other cholinergic agonists. Antisera and monoclonal antibodies raised against this receptor crossreacted with a receptor from rat brain that had similar pharmacological properties, and also bound to functional acetylcholine receptors in chicken ciliary ganglion cells and rat PC12 cells. Here we report purification of the receptor from rat brain using monoclonal antibody (mAb) 270 raised against receptor from chicken brain. This receptor, similar in size to monomers of receptor from Torpedo electric organ, contained two subunits--apparent Mr, 51,000 and 79,000. The Mr 51,000 subunit was bound by antisera to alpha subunits of receptor from Torpedo electric organ and by mAb 270, which is specific for the Mr 49,000 subunit analogue of receptor from chicken brain. Both subunits were bound by mAb 286, which also binds both subunits of receptors from chicken brain. The alpha-bungarotoxin binding component was purified from the same extracts. It consisted of four subunits of apparent Mr 44,700, 52,300, 56,600, and 65,200. The basic structure of receptors from muscle had evolved to an (alpha)2 beta gamma delta subunit stoichiometry by the time of primitive elasmobranches and is now little changed in mammals. The apparent (alpha)2(beta)2 or (alpha)3(beta)2 structure of the neuronal acetylcholine receptors that we have purified may derive from an early gene duplication event in the evolution of the extended gene family, which now also includes receptors from ganglia and muscle as well as neuronal alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites.
Derivatives of 5,6-diphenylpyridazin-3-one: synthetic antimitotic agents which interact with plant and mammalian tubulin at a new drug-binding site. (1986)

A series of derivatives of 5,6-diphenylpyridazin-3-one (DPP) was examined for interactions with calf brain tubulin following the demonstration that many members of the class caused significant mitotic effects in intact animals, while others had activity against murine P388 leukemia. In L1210 cells several DPP derivatives caused a rise in the mitotic index which correlated well with the cytotoxicity of the drugs. Active DPP derivatives markedly stimulated tubulin-dependent guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis and inhibited tubulin polymerization or induced tubulin oligomer formation, depending on specific reaction conditions. These new agents, however, did not interfere with the binding to tubulin of radiolabeled colchicine, vinblastine, maytansine, or guanosine triphosphate. They thus appear to bind at a previously undescribed site on the tubulin molecule. Some DPP derivatives have significant herbicidal activity, causing mitotic disruption and a rise in the mitotic index in seedling root tissues. Although the DPP derivatives most toxic to plant tissues differ from those most active in inhibiting calf brain tubulin polymerization, virtually all active compounds bear a nitrile substituent at position 4 of the pyridazinone ring. Most active derivatives also bear substituents of varying structure at position 2 of this ring, but no clear structure-function pattern is apparent at this position. The phenyl rings in the most active herbicidal DPP derivatives either are unsubstituted or bear fluorine atoms. Derivatives with chlorine substituents have no detectable herbicidal activity. In contrast, interactions with calf brain tubulin are substantially enhanced if the phenyl rings bear chlorine substituents.
Pseudorandom generators for space-bounded computations (1990)

Article Free Access Share on Pseudorandom generators for space-bounded computations Author: N. Nisan Laboratory for Computer science, MIT, 545 Tech. sq., Cambridge, MA Laboratory for Computer science, MIT, 545 Tech. sq., Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims STOC '90: Proceedings of the twenty-second annual ACM symposium on Theory of ComputingApril 1990 Pages 204–212https://doi.org/10.1145/100216.100242Published:01 April 1990Publication History 94citation944DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations94Total Downloads944Last 12 Months41Last 6 weeks12 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Digital Modulation and Coding (1995)

1. An Overview. 2. Fundamentals of Probability and Information Theory. 3. Modulation and Detection. 4. Channel Coding and Its Potential. 5. Block Coding. 6. Trellis Coding. Appendix 6A1. Numerical Evaluation of Transfer Function Bounds. Bibliography. Exercises. Index.
Enzyme electrodes and their application (1987)

Starting from the state of the art, principles for improving the analytical characteristics of enzyme electrodes are discussed. Coupling of appropriate amperometric electrode processes with enzyme systems, e.g. urease or aminopeptidases, results in a simplification of operation. Optimal sample frequencies are realized on the basis of enzyme membranes, with both a small characteristic diffusion time and a high enzyme activity, applied in a well-designed sample-processing system. Coupled enzyme reactions of the sequence or competition type are successfully used for extension to new analytes, e.g. inhibitors, cofactors or alternative substrates. Cyclization of the analyte enhances the sensitivity of enzyme electrodes to the nanomolar concentration range. Enzymic anti-interference layers are a tool for improving the sensor specificity. The operational characteristics of enzyme electrodes are thus adaptable to any given analytical problem.
Effect of serotonergic drugs on footshock-induced ultrasonic vocalization in adult male rats (1993)

Modulation of ultrasonic vocalization (20-30kHz) emitted by adult rats under stressful conditions such as unavoidable foot-shock has been evaluated as a model of anxiety. The effects of 5-HT(1A) receptor agonists with different intrinsic activities and the role of other 5-HT(1) receptor subtypes, and of 5-HT(2) and 5-HT(3) receptors, in mediation of ultrasonic vocalization were studied, as were the effects of increasing serotonergic activity by administration of the 5-HT releaser fenfluramine or the 5-HT precursor 1-5 HTP. The time spent vocalizing 1-6min after four increascapable (1.0mA) footshocks was recorded. Drugs with affinity for 5-HT(1A) receptors (i.e. 8-OHDPAT, flesinoxan, ipsapirone, buspirone, gepirone, NAN-190) abolished the vocalization irrespective of their efficacy. The mixed 5-HT(1) receptor and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (-)-alprenolol and pindolol inhibited foot-shock-induced ultrasonic vocalization, whereas (-) penbutolol was ineffective. The beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist metoprolol and the beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118.551 were without effect. This suggests that (-)-alprenolol and pindolol act as partial 5-HT(1) agonists in the test model. The non-selective 5-HT(1) receptor agonists eltoprazine, m-CPP and 5-MeODMT and the 5-HT(2) receptor agonists DO1 and d-LSD also abolished the vocalization, whereas the 5-HT(2) receptor antagonist ritanserin and the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists ondansetron, ICS 205-930 and zacopride were without effect. (-)-Penbutolol reversed 8-OHDPAT-induced inhibition. Ritanserin reversed DOI-induced inhibition of ultrasonic vocalization, but not 8-OHDPAT-induced inhibition. This suggests that there is no functional interaction between 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2) receptors in this model. Fenfluramine and 1-5-HTP dose-dependently inhibited footshock-induced ultrasonic vocalization. These findings indicate that the effect most likely is mediated by postsynaptic 5-HT receptors, although contribution by presynaptic 5-HT receptors cannot be excluded. In conclusion, this study indicates that 5-HT(1A) receptors and 5-HT(2) receptors are involved in mediation of ultrasonic vocalization.
DPN-Generated Nanostructures Made of Gold, Silver, and Palladium (2004)

Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) has been used to generate resist layers on Au, Ag, and Pd that when combined with wet-chemical etching can lead to nanostructures with deliberately designed shapes and sizes. Monolayers of mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA) or octadecanethiol (ODT), patterned by DPN, were explored as etch resists. They work comparably well on Au and Ag, but ODT is the superior material for Pd. MHA seems to attract the FeCl3 etchant and results in nonuniform etching of the underlying Pd substrate. Dots, lines, triangles, and circles, ranging in size from sub-100 to several hundred nanometers have been fabricated on Si/SiOx substrates. These results show how one can use DPN as an alternative to more complex and costly procedures such as electron beam lithography to generate nanostructures from inorganic materials.
Modeling of transmembrane seven helix bundles (1993)

Transmembrane seven helix bundles form a large family of membrane inserted receptors and are responsible for a wide range of biological functions. Experimental data suggest that their overall structure is similar to bacteriorhodopsin. We describe here a new approach for the modeling of transmembrane seven helix bundles based on statistically derived environmental preference parameters combined with experimentally determined features of the receptors. The method was used to create a model for the human beta 2-adrenoreceptor. This model is physically plausible, is in reasonable agreement with experimental data and may be helpful in planning new receptor engineering experiments.
Intravenous Administration of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Reduces Neurological Deficit in the Rat after Traumatic Brain Injury (2002)

We measured the effect of treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the rat with human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) administered i.v.. HUCB cells were injected into the tail vein 24 h after TBI and the rats were sacrificed at day 28 after the treatment. The Rotarod test and the neurological severity score (NSS) were used to evaluate neurological function. The distribution of the donor cells in the brain, heart, lung, kidney, liver, spleen, bone marrow, and muscle were analyzed in recipient rats using immunohistochemical staining and laser confocal microscopy. HUCB cells injected i.v. significantly reduced motor and neurological deficits compared with control groups by day 28 after the treatment. The cells preferentially entered the brain and migrated into the parenchyma of the injured brain and expressed the neuronal markers, NeuN and MAP-2, and the astrocytic marker, GFAP. Some HUCB cells integrated into the vascular walls within the boundary zone of the injured area. Our data suggest that i.v. administration of HUCB may be useful in the treatment of TBI.
Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells under Xeno-free Conditions (2009)

The availability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has created extraordinary opportunities for modeling and perhaps treating human disease. However, all reprogramming protocols used to date involve the use of products of animal origin. Here, we set out to develop a protocol to generate and maintain human iPSC that would be entirely devoid of xenobiotics. We first developed a xeno-free cell culture media that supported the long-term propagation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to a similar extent as conventional media containing animal origin products or commercially available xeno-free medium. We also derived primary cultures of human dermal fibroblasts under strict xeno-free conditions (XF-HFF), and we show that they can be used as both the cell source for iPSC generation as well as autologous feeder cells to support their growth. We also replaced other reagents of animal origin (trypsin, gelatin, matrigel) with their recombinant equivalents. Finally, we used vesicular stomatitis virus G-pseudotyped retroviral particles expressing a polycistronic construct encoding Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and GFP to reprogram XF-HFF cells under xeno-free conditions. A total of 10 xeno-free human iPSC lines were generated, which could be continuously passaged in xeno-free conditions and maintained characteristics indistinguishable from hESCs, including colony morphology and growth behavior, expression of pluripotency-associated markers, and pluripotent differentiation ability in vitro and in teratoma assays. Overall, the results presented here demonstrate that human iPSCs can be generated and maintained under strict xeno-free conditions and provide a path to good manufacturing practice (GMP) applicability that should facilitate the clinical translation of iPSC-based therapies.
Genetic Ablation of the Bmpr2 Gene in Pulmonary Endothelium Is Sufficient to Predispose to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2008)

Conditional heterozygous or homozygous Bmpr2 deletion in pulmonary endothelial cells predisposes mice to develop PAH.
Amitraz poisoning, an emerging problem: epidemiology, clinical features, management, and preventive strategies (2003)

This review details preventive measures and management strategies of amitraz poisoning, including the importance of following patients closely in the intensive care unit, monitoring their respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems since they may occasionally experience serious cardiopulmonary side effects.
Search of Autotoxic Substances in Some Leaf Vegetables (2004)

The following autotoxic organic acids: lactic, benzoic, m-hydroxybenzoic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, adipic, and succinic in eight leaf vegetables, cultured hydroponically, were analyzed by GC-MS method. These substances that are adsorbed by activated charcoal are effective growth inhibits were bioassayed, using the seedlings of their origin as test materials. Strong inhibitors, such as adipic acid in parsley, lactic acid in celery, benzoic, p-hydroxybenzoic and succinic acid in mitsuba, vanillic acid in curly-leaf lettuce, succinic acid in edible burdock, benzoic, m-hydroxybenzoic and succinic acid in garland chrysanthemum, benzoic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in pak-choi, benzoic, p- hydroxybenzoic and adipic acid in kale were found.
Adenovirus-Facilitated Nuclear Translocation of Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 (2002)

We examined cytoplasmic trafficking and nuclear translocation of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) by using Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated wild-type AAV, A20 monoclonal antibody immunocytochemistry, and subcellular fractionation techniques followed by DNA hybridization. Our results indicated that in the absence of adenovirus (Ad), AAV enters the cell rapidly and escapes from early endosomes with a t(1/2) of about 10 min postinfection. Cytoplasmically distributed AAV accumulated around the nucleus and persisted perinuclearly for 16 to 24 h. Viral uncoating occurred before or during nuclear entry beginning about 12 h postinfection, when viral protein and DNA were readily detected in the nucleus. Few, if any, intact AAV capsids were found in the nucleus. In the presence of Ad, however, cytoplasmic AAV quickly translocated into the nucleus as intact particles as early as 40 min after coinfection, and this facilitated nuclear translocation of AAV was not blocked by the nuclear pore complex inhibitor thapsigargan. The rapid nuclear translocation of intact AAV capsids in the presence of Ad suggested that one or more Ad capsid proteins might be altering trafficking. Indeed, coinfection with empty Ad capsids also resulted in the appearance of AAV DNA in nuclei within 40 min. Escape from early endosomes did not seem to be affected by Ad coinfection.
Nonmedicinal therapy in the management of ankle arthritis (2010)

Limited objective evidence exists to guide clinical decision-making related to nonoperative choices such as assistive devices, orthoses, and viscosupplements. Outcomes from prospective clinical trials indicate that newer total ankle-arthroplasty designs provide substantial pain relief in patients with end-stage ankle osteoarthritis.
Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology ofHERG (1996)

The microscopic physiology of HERG and IKr is similar, consistent with HERG being an important component of IKr. The pharmacology is also similar; dofetilide appears to primarily block activated channels and has a much lower affinity for closed and inactivated channels.