gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the terminal event in cellular differentiation: biological mechanisms of the loss of proliferative potential. (1986)

Human plasma has been demonstrated to contain factors that induce the sequential expression of nonterminal and terminal adipocyte differentiation in 3T3 T mesenchymal stem cells. We now report the development of methods for the isolation of purified populations of nonterminally differentiated cells and terminally differentiated cells, and we show that it is possible to experimentally induce transition from the nonterminal to the terminal state of differentiation. With this model system it is therefore now possible to examine the biological and molecular processes associated with the terminal event in differentiation, i.e., the irreversible loss of proliferative potential. In this regard, we demonstrate that transition from the nonterminal to terminal state of differentiation is a complex metabolic process that consists of at least two steps and that this process can be triggered by pulse exposure to an inducer for approximately 12 h but that approximately 24-48 h is required for the process to be completed. The data also establish that induction of the terminal event in differentiation requires protein synthesis but not RNA and DNA synthesis. These and additional results suggest that loss of proliferative potential associated with the terminal event in cellular differentiation is a distinct regulatory process, and we suggest that defects in this regulatory process may be of etiological significance in the pathogenesis of specific human diseases, especially cancer.
The binding of free calcium ions in aqueous solution using chelating agents, phosphates and poly(acrylic acid) (1983)

Abstract Organic chelating agents, phosphates, and polyelectrolytes were studied to determine their calcium ion binding power (CBP) and binding mechanism. A calcium ion electrode was used to measure the equilibrium calcium ion concentrations from which stability constants were calculated. Except for EDTA and NTA, the binding power did not correspond to the formation of complexes with a simple stoichiometry. In most cases, more than one equilibrium is involved. Increase in the level of binding agent decreased CBP, especially for those agents which formed complexes with low stability constants. CBP calculated on the basis of weight should be used to measure the relative cost effectiveness of commercial calcium binding agents. At an amount lower than required to form stable stoichiometric complexes, poly(acrylic acid) had a higher CBP than traditional organic chelating agents. The electrostatic effect accounts for the excellent CBP of poly(acrylic acid) at low concentrations. To get maximum efficiency in detergent and water treatment applications, use of low levels is recommended. aPresent address: The Clorox Co. Technical Center, Pleasanton, CA 94566.
Utility of short-term heart rate variability for prediction of sudden cardiac death after acute myocardial infarction. (1998)

Heart rate variability (HRV) computed from 24-hour ECG recording has been associated with an increased risk of malignant arrhythmias after MI. To make HRV analysis more practical, we evaluated prospectively prognostic role of short-term HRV in comparison with other risk stratifiers. Study population consisted of 48 patients with acute MI (mean age 59.6 +/- 10.6 years, 38 males), who were off betablockers. All patients underwent 30-minute ECG recording at supine rest on day 2 and 5 after admission, between 9 and 11 a.m. One ECG channel from a commercial bedside monitor was A/D converted, and subsequently analysed using a purpose-built interactive software. Short-term HRV was computed as the standard deviation of all normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN) as well as the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (rMSSD). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, in %) was determined using 2D-echocardiography. During one-year follow up, 5 patients (10.4%) died of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and one of non-cardiac death. Subjects who died of SCD presented with significantly lower SDNN parameter on day 5 (28.8 +/- 4.3 vs 39 +/- 18.4, p < 0.006) and similar trend was revealed for rMSSD (12.22.8 vs 24.321, N.S.). Similarly, LVEF was significantly decreased in these patients (35.4 +/- 5.5 vs 49.7 +/- 11.3, p < 0.007). Positive predictive accuracy for prediction of SCD was 17% for rMSSD, 20% for SDNN, 29% for LVEF, and 40% for combination of depressed SDNN (< or = 33 ms) and LVEF (< or = 40). In conclusion, depressed HRV computed from short-term predischarge ECG recordings obtained under standardised conditions is associated with an increased risk of SCD. Such predictive power is substantially increased in combination with depressed LVEF, and this approach seems to be effective as a simple screening method to identify high risk subjects.
The effects of bulky ortho-aryl substituents in corroles, tested by X-ray crystallography of the rhodium complexes and catalysis thereby (2002)

In the present publication we report on the preparation and spectroscopic features of a penta-coordinate rhodium(III) complex of corrole with bulky ortho-phenyl substituents at the meso positions, Rh ( tdcc )( PPh 3 )[ tdcc = tris (2,6- dichlorophenyl ) corrole ]. Addition of pyridine to Rh ( tdcc )( PPh 3 ), as well as to the closely related complex of tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole [ Rh ( tpfc )( PPh 3 )] reported earlier, leads to hexa-coordinated rhodium complexes with pyridine and PPh 3 occupying the axial positions. The structures of these two compounds were investigated by NMR and X-ray crystallography. The catalytic potency of Rh ( tdcc )( PPh 3 ) was found significantly lower than that of Rh ( tpfc )( PPh 3 ), which suggests that excess steric crowding prevents efficient carbene-transfer catalysis.
Prolactin receptor expression in the epithelia and stroma of the rat mammary gland (2001)

The importance of prolactin (PRL) in regulating growth and differentiation of the mammary gland is well known. However, it is not well established whether PRL acts solely on the mammary epithelia or if it can also directly affect the mammary stroma. To determine where PRL could exert its effects within the mammary gland, we investigated the levels of expression and the localization of the PRL receptor (PRLR) in the epithelia and stroma of the rat mammary gland at different physiological stages. For these studies, we isolated parenchymal-free 'cleared' fat pads and intact mammary glands from virgin, 18-day-pregnant and 6-day-lactating rats. In addition, intact mammary tissues were enzymatically digested to obtain epithelial cells, free of stroma. The mammary tissues, intact gland, stroma and isolated epithelia, were then used for immunocytochemistry, protein extraction and isolation of total RNA. PRLR protein was detected in tissues using specific polyclonal antisera (PRLR-l) by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. Messenger RNA for PRLR was measured by ribonuclease protection assay. Immunocytochemistry and Western blots with the PRLR-1 antisera detected PRLR in wild-type rat and mouse tissues, whereas the receptor protein was absent in tissues from PRLR gene-deficient mice. PRLR was found to be present both in the epithelia and stroma of mammary glands from virgin, pregnant and lactating rats, as determined by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Western blots revealed the predominance of three bands migrating at 88, 90 and 92 kDa in each of the rat mammary samples. These represent the long form of the PRLR. During pregnancy and lactation, PRLR protein increased in the epithelial compartment of the mammary gland but did not change within the stromal compartment at any physiological stage examined. We also found PRLR mRNA in both the epithelia and stroma of the mammary gland. Again, the stroma contained lower levels of PRLR mRNA compared with the epithelia at all physiological stages examined. Also, the PRLR mRNA levels within the stroma did not change significantly during pregnancy or lactation, whereas PRLR mRNA within the epithelia increased twofold during pregnancy and fourfold during lactation when compared with virgin rats. We conclude from this study that PRLR is expressed both in the stromal and epithelial compartment of the mammary gland. This finding suggests PRL may have a direct affect on the mammary stroma and by that route affect mammary gland development.
PARK: a paused-and-run k-stream multimedia synchronization control scheme (2002)

In the paper, we propose the pause-and-run approach for k-stream (PARK) multimedia presentations over the Internet to achieve reliable transmission of continuous media. The main characteristics of the PARK approach are as follows: (i) to achieve reliable transmission of continuous media, PARK adopts TCP instead of UDP; (ii) since the slow-start scheme is embedded in TCP, a novel flow adaptation scheme is proposed to reduce the overhead of the network and end hosts. The server adapts its transmission rates to the buffer situation of the client and prevents the client's buffers from overflow and underflow as much as possible; (iii) with the provision of multiple-stream synchronization and multi-level adaptation control, the client achieves smooth multimedia presentations and achieves graceful presentation degradation when the resources are insufficient.
Self-scanned silicon image detector arrays (1968)

The basic principle of operation of each bit in a matrix of image detectors is described, together with the derivation of appropriate operating formulas. The necessary circuitry to make a functional two-dimensional array is also described, including the scanning circuitry integrally constructed with the photodetector matrix. The necessary design considerations for operation of the matrix are discussed in the context of the currently operating 10-by-10 array. Extension of the principles to larger arrays is outlined in the two modes of array scanning considered, with special reference to spatial noise problems. The paper concludes with reference to other applications of the basic principle, such as card reading.
Overexpressing sperm surface beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase in transgenic mice affects multiple aspects of sperm-egg interactions. (1994)

Sperm surface beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase (GalTase) mediates fertilization in mice by binding to specific O-linked oligosaccharide ligands on the egg coat glycoprotein ZP3. Before binding the egg, sperm GalTase is masked by epididymally derived glycosides that are shed from the sperm surface during capacitation. After binding the egg, sperm-bound oligosaccharides on ZP3 induce the acrosome reaction by receptor aggregation, presumably involving GalTase. In this study, we asked how increasing the levels of sperm surface GalTase would affect sperm-egg interactions using transgenic mice that overexpress GalTase under the control of a heterologous promoter. GalTase expression was elevated in many tissues in adult transgenic animals, including testis. Sperm from transgenic males had approximately six times the wild-type level of surface GalTase protein, which was localized appropriately on the sperm head as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence. As expected, sperm from transgenic mice bound more radiolabeled ZP3 than did wild-type sperm. However, sperm from transgenic animals were relatively unable to bind eggs, as compared to sperm from wild-type animals. The mechanistic basis for the reduced egg-binding ability of transgenic sperm was attributed to alterations in two GalTase-dependent events. First, transgenic sperm that overexpress surface GalTase bound more epididymal glycoside substrates than did sperm from wild-type mice, thus masking GalTase and preventing it from interacting with its zona pellucida ligand. Second, those sperm from transgenic mice that were able to bind the zona pellucida were hypersensitive to ZP3, such that they underwent precocious acrosome reactions and bound to eggs more tenuously than did wild-type sperm. These results demonstrate that sperm-egg binding requires an optimal, rather than maximal, level of surface GalTase expression, since increasing this level decreases sperm reproductive efficiency both before and after egg binding. Although sperm GalTase is required for fertilization by serving as a receptor for the egg zona pellucida, excess surface GalTase is counterproductive to successful sperm-egg binding.
Calorimetric study of pressure-amorphized cubic ice (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCalorimetric study of pressure-amorphized cubic iceG. P. Johari, Andreas. Hallbrucker, and Erwin. MayerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 4, 1212–1214Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100367a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100367a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Decapitation of a 5'-capped oligoribonucleotide by o-phenanthroline:copper(II) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDecapitation of a 5'-capped oligoribonucleotide by o-phenanthroline:copper(II)Brenda F. BakerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8, 3378–3379Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00061a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00061a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Functional SNPs in the distal promoter of the ST2 gene are associated with atopic dermatitis (2005)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease associated with the local infiltration of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells. The ST2 gene encodes both membrane-bound ST2L and soluble ST2 (sST2) proteins by alternative splicing. The orphan receptor ST2L is functionally indispensable for Th2 cells. We found a significant genetic association between AD and the -26999G/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (chi2-test, raw P-value=0.000007, odds ratio 1.86) in the distal promoter region of the ST2 gene (chromosome 2q12) in a study of 452 AD patients and 636 healthy controls. The -26999A allele common among AD patients positively regulates the transcriptional activity of the ST2 gene. In addition, having at least one -26999A allele correlated with high sST2 concentrations and high total IgE levels in the sera from AD patients. Thus, the -26999A allele is correlated with an increased risk for AD. We also found that the -26999G/A SNP predominantly affected the transcriptional activity of hematopoietic cells. Immunohistochemical staining of a skin biopsy specimen from an AD patient in the acute stage showed ST2 staining in the keratinocytes as well as in the infiltrating cells in the dermal layer. Our data show that functional SNPs in the ST2 distal promoter region regulate ST2 expression which induces preferential activation of the Th2 response. Our findings will contribute to the evaluation of one of the genetic risk factors for AD.
Dynamics of electricity markets with unknown utility functions: An extremum seeking control approach (2014)

This paper studies the dynamics of electricity markets with unknown utility functions (i.e, the profit functions of consumers and the cost functions of suppliers). The market clearing procedure is formulated as a social welfare optimization problem, and the dynamics of electricity markets is modeled as primal-dual dynamics based on gradient estimation. The gradients of the unknown utility functions are estimated by adding and multiplying periodic signals at the measurable input and output, respectively. We prove the semi-globally practically asymptotically (SPA) stability of the market dynamics. Numerical results demonstrate the SPA stability and the balance between supply and demand.
Leptin-induced decrease in food intake is not associated with changes in gastric emptying in lean mice (1997)

Chronic treatment with leptin regulates body weight and energy balance and reduces food intake in obese and lean mice. In 18- to 20-h fasted lean mice (C57BL/6, +/+), we examined the acute effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of recombinant mouse leptin (0.12 mg/kg) on food intake and gastric emptying. Leptin reduced food intake, with a peak inhibition at the 5th h postinjection (69 +/- 12%/h), although there was no change in food consumption at the 1st h. Leptin did not alter the 4-h rate of gastric emptying of a solid nutrient meal (free access to Purina chow for either 1-, 2-, or 4-h period). In normal Sprague-Dawley rats fasted for 18-20 h, a single intraperitoneal injection of recombinant mouse leptin (0.2 or 1.2 mg/kg) did not modify the 7-h cumulative or hourly food intake. These results show that a single intraperitoneal injection of recombinant mouse leptin reduces food intake within 5 h while not influencing gastric emptying of ingested food in lean mice. Sprague-Dawley rats are unresponsive to the food intake-reducing effect of a single intraperitoneal injection of mouse leptin at a dose 10-fold higher than that shown to be effective in mice within the first 4-7 h postinjection.
Robust Prostate-Specific Expression for Targeted Gene Therapy Based on the Human Kallikrein 2 Promoter (2001)

Tissue-specific transcriptional regulatory elements can increase the safety of gene therapy vectors. Unlike prostate-specific antigen (PSA/hK3), whose expression displays an inverse correlation with prostate cancer grade and stage, human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) is upregulated in higher grade and stage disease. Therefore, our goal was to develop a strong and prostate-specific hK2-based promoter for targeted gene therapy. We identified the minimum "full-strength" hK2 enhancer and built transcriptional regulatory elements composed of multiple tandem copies of this 1.2-kb enhancer, fused to the hK2 minimal promoter. Relative to the weak induction of the minimal hK2 promoter by androgen analog (R1881) in androgen receptor (AR)-positive LNCaP cells, transcriptional activity was increased by 25-, 44-, 81-, and 114-fold when one to four enhancers were spliced to the hK2 promoter, respectively. In contrast, the enhancer/promoter elements were inactive in the AR(-) prostate cancer line PC-3 and in a panel of nonprostate lines, including 293, U87, MCF-7, HuH-7, and HeLa cells. Furthermore, we generated a recombinant adenovirus, ADV.hK2-E3/P-EGFP, expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the hK2 triplicate enhancer/promoter, and compared its properties with ADV.CMV-EGFP expressing EGFP under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer/promoter. Unlike the CMV promoter, the hK2-E3/P promoter was at least 100-fold inducible by R1881 in the adenoviral backbone. Compared with in situ injection of subcutaneous LNCaP tumors with ADV.CMV-EGFP, which led to detectable EGFP expression in tumor, liver, and brain tissue, ADV.hK2-E3/P-EGFP injection led to robust but tumor-restricted EGFP expression. These results suggest that the hk2 multienhancer/promoter should be a powerful novel reagent for safer targeted gene therapy of prostate cancer.
Frequency-domain Steiglitz-McBride method for least-squares IIR filter design, ARMA modeling, and periodogram smoothing (2008)

The classic Steiglitz-McBride (mode-1) time-domain algorithm for least-squares approximation of desired impulse responses for IIR digital filters or ARMA signal models is reformulated in the frequency domain to allow the direct least-squares approximation of either complex-valued or magnitude-only frequency responses, as well as power-density spectra, including periodograms. The resulting (stable) designs in the complex-valued case with both magnitude- and phase-response specifications can be either causal or noncausal, as appropriate to the phase, while the magnitude-only designs can always be made causal and minimum-phase. The periodogram models provide effective spectral smoothing without the need for averaging of data blocks, although averaging can be used, if desired, to reduce the computation. The filter coefficients can be either real- or complex-valued, corresponding to conjugate-symmetric or asymmetric frequency responses, respectively.
Parameters that influence the efficiency of processing antigenic epitopes expressed in Salmonella typhimurium (1994)

We investigated parameters that affect the efficiency with which antigenic epitopes from Salmonella typhimurium are processed for presentation to T lymphocytes. As a model system, the hen egg white lysozyme 52-61 [HEL(52-61)] epitope, which binds the murine major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecule I-Ak, was expressed in soluble fusion proteins in S. typhimurium. Murine peritoneal macrophages mediated phagocytic processing of viable S. typhimurium expressing fusion proteins of the HEL epitope for presentation via I-Ak regardless of the bacterial compartment in which the epitope was contained (i.e., surface exposed, facing the periplasmic space, or in the cytoplasm). Minor differences in processing efficiency observed with different epitope compartmentalizations could be overcome by altering the relative expression level, indicating that epitope abundance is an important factor for efficient processing of epitopes from S. typhimurium. This processing pathway required phagocytosis of bacteria followed by passage through an acidic compartment, suggesting a pathway involving phagolysosomal degradation of the bacteria to liberate epitopes that bind MHC-II. HEL(52-61) was processed more efficiently from heat-killed S. typhimurium than from viable bacteria, and in addition, the HEL epitope was processed more efficiently from a rough lipopolysaccharide (LPS) strain than from its isogenic smooth LPS counterpart, most likely because of enhanced phagocytosis of the rough LPS strain. These data suggest that the efficiency of epitope processing from S. typhimurium for presentation via MHC-II is affected by bacterial viability, epitope abundance, and LPS phenotype, factors which may be important to consider in development of recombinant S. typhimurium vaccine strains.