gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A general approach to enantiomerically pure methylcarbinols. Asymmetric synthesis of antibiotic (-)-A26771B and the WCR sex pheromone (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general approach to enantiomerically pure methylcarbinols. Asymmetric synthesis of antibiotic (-)-A26771B and the WCR sex pheromoneSubhash C. Sinha, Anjana Sinha-Bagchi, and Ehud KeinanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 27, 7789–7796Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00079a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00079a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views347Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cloning, sequencing, and expression of a cDNA encoding rat liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. Direct evidence that a single polypeptide is involved in inhibitor interaction and catalytic function. (1993)

We report the isolation and characterization of a full-length cDNA encoding rat liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I). Oligonucleotides corresponding to two tryptic peptides derived from the malonyl-CoA/etomoxir-CoA-binding protein of rat liver mitochondria (Esser, V., Kuwajima, M., Britton, C. H., Krishnan, K., Foster, D. W., and McGarry, J. D. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 5810-5816) were used to screen a rat liver cDNA library constructed in the plasmid cloning vector, pcDV. The clone obtained consisted of a 102-nucleotide 5'-untranslated region, a single open reading frame of 2,319 bases predicting a protein of 773 amino acids (M(r) = 88,150), and a 3'-untranslated segment of 1,957 nucleotides followed by the poly(A)+ tail. A 0.9-kilobase fragment of the cDNA recognized a single species of mRNA (approximately 4.7 kilobases in size) in rat liver. The identity of the cDNA was confirmed by the findings that (i) the open reading frame encoded all four peptides found in the original protein; (ii) transfection of COS cells with the cDNA subcloned into the expression vector, pCMV6, resulted in a selective and 10-20-fold induction of a malonyl-CoA- and etomoxir-CoA-sensitive CPT activity; and (iii) the overexpressed product was readily detected on Western blots by an antibody raised against the starting material. It seems likely that the de novo synthesized enzyme is targeted to the mitochondrial outer membrane via a leader peptide and that the mature protein achieves membrane anchoring through a stretch of 20 amino acids present near its amino terminus. The predicted amino acid sequence of the protein shows regions of strong identity with those of three other rat acyltransferases, namely, liver CPT II, liver carnitine octanoyltransferase, and brain choline acetyltransferase. The findings provide the first insight into the structure of a CPT I isoform. They also establish unequivocally that CPT I and CPT II are distinct proteins and that inhibitors of CPT I interact within its catalytic domain, not with an associated regulatory component.
Adenovirus type 12 E1B 19-kilodalton protein is not required for oncogenic transformation in rats (1988)

The adenovirus type 12 mutants in700 and pm700 carry site-specific mutations within the reading frame encoding the E1B 19-kilodalton protein (19K protein) which prevent the production of the intact 19K protein. In cultures of human A549 cells, these mutants grow just as well as the wild-type virus does, but they display a large-plaque (lp), cytocidal (cyt) phenotype. DNA in these infected cells is not degraded, but at late times in human KB cells infected by the mutants, the mutants display a DNA degradation (deg) phenotype. The transformation phenotype of these mutants is also host range. Although the mutants are defective for transformation of the 3Y1 rat cell line, they transform rat and mouse primary kidney cells in vitro at wild-type efficiency and are capable of inducing tumors in rats. These results support the view that the type 12 E1B 19K protein is not obligatory for oncogenic transformation.
The effect of a biological litter treatment on Salmonella sp. prevalence in turkey breeder flock litter (2001)

A study was conducted to determine the effects of MicroTreat “P”, a biological litter treatment on the prevalence of Salmonella of litter in turkey breeder flocks. A flock of breeder hens were moved from a brooder barn at five weeks of age and divided into two grower barns. One barn was used as a control barn with no biological litter treatment applied, while the second barn was treated with a biological litter treatment. At twenty-eight weeks of age hens from the control grower barn were moved into two layer control barns, and hens from the treated grower were moved into two treated layer barns. In both facilities, the litter treatment was reapplied to the treated barns every ten weeks. Monthly drag swabs were collected and used to determine the presence of Salmonella in each barn. In the grower barn, the initial Salmonella drag swab samples for both the treated and control barns were negative. In the control barns, the number of positive Salmonella samples rose to 60% by the second sampling, and to 80% by the third sampling, where they remained until the birds were moved out of the grower barns. During the same time period, Salmonella remained at an undetectable level in the treated barn. In the initial drag swab samples from the layer barns, only one sample was positive for Salmonella in the treated barns compared with three positive samples from the control barns. By the eleventh week in the layer barns, 40% of the samples tested positive for Salmonella in the control barns, while Salmonella was at an undetectable level in the treated barns. MicroTreat “P” was shown to be effective in controlling the proliferation of Salmonella populations present in litter from turkey breeder flocks.
Regulation of human platelet aggregation by genetically modified pig endothelial cells and thrombin inhibition (2013)

Genetic modification of pAEC is associated with significant reduction of human platelet aggregation in vitro. With concomitant thrombin inhibition, platelet aggregation was comparable to that stimulated by hAEC.
PROTECTIVE AND CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSES TO IDIOTYPIC DETERMINANTS ON CELLS FROM A SPONTANEOUS LYMPHOMA OF NZB/NZW F1 MICE (1974)

A spontaneous lymphoma (141) producing monoclonal IgM is established in NZB/NZW F(1) (B/W) mice who spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease. Idiotypic determinants of 141 IgM are present on the lymphoma cell surface as shown by indirect immunofluorescence and specific cytotoxicity with rabbit anti-idiotypic antiserum. Fluorescence and cytotoxicity are inhibited by 141 IgM but not by 104E IgM, a monoclonal IgM produced by a BALB/c plasmacytoma. Immunization of B/W mice with 141 IgM before transplantation of lymphoma 141 confers protective immunity. No such protection occurs after immunization with 104E IgM or other unrelated proteins. Protected mice contain spleen cells cytotoxic for 141 lymphoma cells. This cytotoxicity is blocked by incubation of spleen cells with 141 IgM but not with 104E IgM. Moreover, splenic lymphocytes from protected mice are stimulated to synthesize DNA by 141 IgM but not by 104E IgM. These results suggest that specific cellular immune responses to idiotypic determinants may participate in the observed protection against challenge with the corresponding B-cell tumor.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Low-Resistivity and High-Density Tungsten Nitride Thin Films Using B[sub 2]H[sub 6], WF[sub 6], and NH[sub 3] (2006)

Tungsten nitride thin films were grown by atomic layer deposition using alternating exposures of B2H6, WF6, and NH3 at 300 S C. The film thickness linearly increased with the number of the reaction cycles and the determined growth rate was similar to 0.28 nm/cycle with B2H6, WF6, and NH3 at pulsing times of 5, 0.25, and 2 s, respectively. The film had a resisitivity of similar to 350 mu Omega cm with a metallic W-N bond and density of similar to 15 g/cm(3) at the thickness of 10 nm. X-ray diffractometry analysis showed that the film had nanocrystalline grains with beta-W2N and delta-WN phase. Step coverage was approximately 100% even on the 0.14 mu m diameter contact hole with a 16:1 aspect ratio. (c) 2006 The Electrochemical Society.
Therapy of colon cancer with oncolytic adenovirus is enhanced by the addition of herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase. (1999)

A major obstacle to the successful application of suicide gene therapy strategies that rely on in situ transduction of tumor cells is the poor distribution of the vector throughout the tumor mass. To address this problem, we evaluated the use of Ad.TK(RC), an E1b Mr 55,000 deleted replicating adenoviral vector engineered to express the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene (HSV-tk) in combination with ganciclovir (GCV) as a treatment for human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice. We compared the efficacy of this system with that of a standard replication-deficient adenovirus expressing HSV-tk (Ad.TK) in mice bearing LS180 tumors. In this system, Ad.TK(RC) alone was as effective as a traditional Ad.TK vector in combination with GCV. The addition of GCV significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of Ad.TK(RC). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the survival of HT-29 human colon cancer xenografted mice treated with Ad.TK(RC) and GCV was prolonged compared with Ad.TK(RC) alone or with administration of a single cycle of topotecan. These data demonstrate that the addition of direct viral oncolysis to the HSV-tk/GCV suicide gene system resulted in a striking improvement in treatment efficacy and that it may offer advantages over the use of chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of localized disease.
Nanoparticle Dispersion and Aggregation in Polymer Nanocomposites: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation (2011)

It is a great challenge to fully understand the microscopic dispersion and aggregation of nanoparticles (NPs) in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) through experimental techniques. Here, coarse-grained molecular dynamics is adopted to study the dispersion and aggregation mechanisms of spherical NPs in polymer melts. By tuning the polymer-filler interaction in a wide range at both low and high filler loadings, we qualitatively sketch the phase behavior of the PNCs and structural spatial organization of the fillers mediated by the polymers, which emphasize that a homogeneous filler dispersion exists just at the intermediate interfacial interaction, in contrast with traditional viewpoints. The conclusion is in good agreement with the theoretically predicted results from Schweizer et al. Besides, to mimick the experimental coarsening process of NPs in polymer matrixes (ACS Nano 2008, 2, 1305), by grafting polymer chains on the filler surface, we obtain a good filler dispersion with a large interparticle distance. Considering the PNC system without the presence of chemical bonding between the NPs and the grafted polymer chains, the resulting good dispersion state is further used to investigate the effects of the temperature, polymer-filler interaction, and filler size on the filler aggregation process. It is found that the coarsening or aggregation process of the NPs is sensitive to the temperature, and the aggregation extent reaches the minimum in the case of moderate polymer-filler interaction, because in this case a good dispersion is obtained. That is to say, once the filler achieves a good dispersion in a polymer matrix, the properties of the PNCs will be improved significantly, because the coarsening process of the NPs will be delayed and the aging of the PNCs will be slowed.
Characterization of a RecA/RAD51 homologue from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus sp. KOD1 (1997)

The Pk-rec gene, encoding a RecA/RAD51 homologue from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcussp. KOD1, was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant Pk-REC was purified to homogeneity and was shown to be in a dimeric form. A striking property of the purified recombinant Pk-REC was the unusual DNase activity on both single- and double-stranded DNAs along with the ATPase activity. The reaction product of this DNase activity was mononucleotides. The optimum temperature and pH for the DNase activity were 60 degrees C and 8-8.5, respectively. In addition, the metal ion requirement for DNase activity was different from that for the ATPase activity. The protein exhibited no DNase activity in the presence of Zn2+ion, which was one of the most preferable divalent cations for ATPase activity. Another unique characteristic of the recombinant protein was that the reaction product of ATPase activity was AMP instead of ADP.Pk-REC may represent a common prototype of the RecA family proteins with high RecA-like activity.
Rapid Death of Adoptively Transferred T Cells in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1999)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) probably play the major role in controlling HIV replication. However, the value of adoptive transfer of HIV-specific CTL expanded in vitro to HIV+ patients has been limited: this contrasts with the success of CTL therapy in treating or preventing Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus disease after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We investigated the fate of expanded HIV-specific CTL clones in vivo following adoptive transfer to a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two autologous CTL clones specific for HIV Gag and Pol were expanded to large numbers (>10(9)) in vitro and infused into an HIV-infected patient whose viral load was rising despite antiretroviral therapy. The fate of one clone was monitored by staining peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with T-cell receptor-specific tetrameric major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide complexes. Although the CTL transfer was well tolerated, there were no significant changes in CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts and virus load. By tracking an infused clone using soluble MHC-peptide complexes, we show that cells bearing the Gag-specific T-cell receptors were rapidly eliminated within hours of infusion through apoptosis. Thus, the failure of adoptively transferred HIV-specific CTL to reduce virus load in AIDS may be due to rapid apoptosis of the infused cells, triggered by a number of potential mechanisms. Further trials of adoptive transfer of CTL should take into account the susceptibility of infused cells to in vivo apoptosis.
Exploring the Potential of NO-Independent Stimulators and Activators of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase for the Medical Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (2010)

Nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is the receptor that catalyzes the formation of the intracellular messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Binding of the physiological activator, NO, to the reduced heme moiety of sGC increases the conversion of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to cyclic GMP (cGMP) and engages crucial effector systems such as protein kinases, phosphodiesterases, and ion channels. The development of compounds that activate sGC independent of NO release has therapeutic implications. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential use of heme-dependent sGC stimulators (e.g. YC-1, BAY 41-2272, BAY 41-8543, BAY 63-2521, CFM-1571 and A-350619) and heme-independent sGC activators (e.g. BAY 58-2667, HMR-1766, S-3448, A-778935) in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects millions of men. Phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitors, produce an NO-dependent increase in intracellular cGMP concentration, have been a successful approach in the treatment of ED. However, >30% of men with ED do not respond to PDE-5 inhibitor therapy, implying that endogenous NO production may be impaired to such an extent that inhibition of cGMP degradation produces no significant therapeutic advantage. Endogenous NO released from nitrergic nerves in the corpora cavernosa is significantly decreased in various conditions (e.g. diabetes, aging, and hypertension) and have reduced activation of the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway. It is conceivable that sGC stimulators and/or activators may be more effective than PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of ED in such circumstances by improving NO-sGC-cGMP signaling and erectile function. This novel drug therapy approach for the treatment of ED shows promise.
Long-Term Trial of Deferiprone in 51 Transfusion-Dependent Iron Overloaded Patients (1998)

Abstract Fifty-one transfusion-dependent iron-loaded adult patients (38 with thalassemia major) were treated with the orally active iron chelator deferiprone (1,2 dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one, L1) at a dose of 75 mg/kg/d (range, 50 to 79). Twenty patients discontinued the drug and five died after a mean of 18.7 months (range, 4 to 35). Of the 20, 5 had arthropathy, 5 had gastrointestinal symptoms, 4 had a rising serum ferritin, 3 had agranulocytosis or neutropenia, 1 had tachycardia, 1 had renal failure, and 1 went abroad. Twenty-six patients continued deferiprone for a mean of 39.4 months (range, 12 to 49). Among these patients, there was no overall significant change in serum ferritin (initial mean, 2,937 μg/L; range, 980 to 5,970; final mean, 2,323 μg/L; range, 825 to 5,970) or in urine iron excretion (initial mean, 31.2 mg/24 h; range, 16.3 to 58.2; final mean, 32.1 mg/24 h; range, 9.4 to 75.8), implying no overall change in iron stores. When the patients who had received deferiprone for longer than 3 years were considered separately, there was also no significant change in serum ferritin or urinary iron excretion. The initial serum ferritin levels in the 26 patients who continued deferiprone treatment were significantly lower than in those who discontinued the drug (P &lt; .01). The liver iron content in 17 patients who had received deferiprone for 24 to 48 months ranged from 5.9 to 41.2 mg/g dry weight, 50% having levels above 15.0 mg, a level associated with a high risk of cardiac disease due to iron overload. In this study the drug caused fewer side effects and was more effective at maintaining iron status among patients previously well chelated and with lower initial serum ferritin levels.
Random Noise Stimulation Improves Neuroplasticity in Perceptual Learning (2011)

Perceptual learning is considered a manifestation of neural plasticity in the human brain. We investigated brain plasticity mechanisms in a learning task using noninvasive transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). We hypothesized that different types of tES would have varying actions on the nervous system, which would result in different efficacies of neural plasticity modulation. Thus, the principal goal of the present study was to verify the possibility of inducing differential plasticity effects using two tES approaches [i.e., direct current stimulation (tDCS) and random noise stimulation (tRNS)] during the execution of a visual perceptual learning task.
Quantified Conditions for Emitter‐Misfit Dislocation Formation in Silicon (1978)

The conditions under which misfit dislocations are generated during phosphorus diffusion in silicon are discussed. Van der Merwe's concept of critical misfit is used to determine the critical surface region depth for a given P surface concentration which causes spontaneous misfit dislocation formation. Using this model the times required to form misfit arrays are calculated as a function of temperature and surface concentration. The effect of misfit dislocation generation in an oxidizing ambient is also discussed.
Both K63 and K48 ubiquitin linkages signal lysosomal degradation of the LDL receptor (2013)

Linkage-specific ubiquitination often leads to distinct cellular events. It has been difficult to establish definitively the requirement for a particular linkage in mammalian degradation pathways due to the inability to deplete endogenous ubiquitin while maintaining cell viability. The E3 ubiquitin ligase inducible degrader of the LDL receptor (IDOL) targets the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) for degradation. The nature of the linkages employed to signal lysosomal degradation of the LDLR, and to signal proteasomal autodegradation of IDOL, have not been determined. We used an inducible RNAi strategy to replace endogenous ubiquitin with mutants lacking K48 or K63. We found that IDOL catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin chains to itself and to the LDLR that do not contain exclusively K48 or K63 linkages. Thus, LDLR can be targeted to the lysosome by either K48 or K63 linkages. We further demonstrate that although both ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2)Ds and UBE2N/V1 can catalyze LDLR ubiquitination in a cell-free system, UBE2Ds appear to be the major E2 enzymes employed by IDOL in cells, consistent with their ability to catalyze both K48 and K63 linkages. The results reveal mechanistic insight into the posttranscriptional control of lipoprotein uptake and provide a test of the requirement of linkage-specific ubiquitination for specific lysosomal and proteasomal degradation pathways in mammalian cells.
A Novel Adaptation of the Integrin PSI Domain Revealed from Its Crystal Structure (2004)

Integrin beta-subunits contain an N-terminal PSI (for plexin-semaphorin-integrin) domain that contributes to integrin activation and harbors the PI(A) alloantigen associated with immune thrombocytopenias and susceptibility to sudden cardiac death. Here we report the crystal structure of PSI in the context of the crystallized alphaVbeta3 ectodomain. The integrin PSI forms a two-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet flanked by two short helices; its long interstrand loop houses Pl(A) and may face the EGF2 domain. The integrin PSI contains four cysteine pairs connected in a 1-4, 2-8, 3-6, 5-7 pattern. An unexpected feature of the structure is that the final, eighth cysteine is located C-terminal to the Ig-like hybrid domain and is thus separated by the hybrid domain from the other seven cysteines of PSI. This architecture may be relevant to the evolution of integrins and should help refine the current models of integrin activation.
The Attitudes of Men and Women Primary School Teachers to Promotion and Educafion Management (1990)

The unequal distribution of men and women in schools — men get a disproportionate share of promotion — has been investigated in biological, social and political frameworks. This research in a Welsh LEA reports on how women and men teachers see the issues. It recommends LEA interventions.