gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactions of Perylene Bisimide in the One-Dimensional Channels of Zeolite L (2011)

Supramolecularly organized host guest systems have been prepared by inserting three perylene dyes with differing end substituents into the nanosized channels of zeolite L (ZL) by gas-phase adsorption under vacuum conditions. The end substituents allowed controlling the core-to-core distances of the molecules in the channels. The three perylene dyes investigated have very similar absorption and fluorescence spectra in diluted solutions, as well as fluorescence lifetimes ∼ 4 ns. Large ZL crystals in the size range of 1500−3000 nm in length and about 1000 nm in diameter as well as nanosized NZL crystals of about 30 nm in length and diameter were used as hosts. Different loadings have been investigated. The photophysical properties of the materials were analyzed as suspensions in refractive index matching solvents, such as toluene or ethyl benzoic acid ester; as bulk materials in glass ampules; and by means of time-, space-, and spectrally resolved single-crystal fluorescence microspectrocopy techniques. The inserted dyes can form J-aggregates if the structure of the perylene derivative allows for short distances between the electronic transition moments in an in-line arrangement. J-coupling was not seen for the molecules with substituents that keep them further apart. Aligned and stabilized J-aggregates in one-dimensional channels provide new options for preparing optical devices, where coherent exciton delocalization over nanometer-to-micrometer scales may result in efficient photonic wires. The exciton coupling can be controlled by varying the molecular tail groups.
Rapid ethanol fermentation of cellulose hydrolysate. I. Batch versus continuous systems (1979)

Abstract Rapid fermentation of bagasse hydrolysate to ethanol under anaerobic conditions by a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied in batch and continuous cultures at pH 4.0 and 30°C temperature with cell recycle. By using a 23.6 g/liter cell concentration, a concentation of 9.7% (w/v)ethanol was developed in a period of 6 hr. The rate of fermentation was found to increase with supplementation of yeast vitamins in the hydrolysate. In continuous culture employing cell recycle and a 0.127 v/v/m air flow rate, a cell mass concentration of 48.5 g/liter has been achieved. The maximum fermentor productivity of ethanol obtained under these conditions was 32.0 g/liter/hr, which is nearly 7.5 times higher than the normal continuous process without cell recycle and air sparging. The ethanol productivity was found to decrease linearly with ethanol concentration. Conversion of glucose in the hydrolysate to ethanol was achieved with a yield of 95 to 97% of theoretical.
An Extensible Framework for Repairing Constraint Violations (1997)

In this paper we describe a new approach to repairing violations of integrity constraints in relational databases with null values. By adopting basic concepts from model-based diagnosis, we show how simultaneous reasons for violations of (different) constraints can be determined. These reasons, represented as sets of facts, directly indicate possible repair actions that guarantee to remove the observed violations. By interleaving the diagnosis of constraint violations and the execution of repair actions, we draw an enumeration schema for possible minimal repair transactions as sequences of repair actions. Each such transaction, when applied to the inconsistent database, guarantees to result in a database consistent with all constraints. In order to enumerate possible repair transactions, repair actions are performed hypothetically using auxiliary relations. This enables the user to query intermediate as well as result states obtained by different repairs in advance. In order to provide a suitable front-end to the general enumeration schema, we describe various repair strategies which can be imposed by the user. These strategies follow individually specified repair goals and can easily be integrated into the enumeration schema for repair transactions. The proposed strategies range from aspects of minimal change over priorities of stored facts up to the user interaction with the repair process.
Rule based clinical decision support system for hematological disorder (2013)

Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) has become a popular approach to medical decision making. It is a method of assisting in clinical decision making by using the most relevant research evidence to answer clinical questions. Complete Blood Count (CBC) is one of the most commonly ordered blood test that could be done within minutes and is mostly used as a basis for further testing. Therefore, CBC could be used as a base to quickly diagnose a patient and later on, use external clinical evidence from systematic research to further diagnose the patient. This paper proposes the development of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) to assist physicians in evidence based practice. The system will be able to provide the list of external evidence (electronic medical journals) for each type of generated probable disease. Usability and user acceptance testing were conducted with a group of physicians and medical students. This study reveals some usability issues of the system and significant improvements that are required to improve the accuracy of the system in generating probable hematological disorder.
Rethinking the Faster R-CNN Architecture for Temporal Action Localization (2018)

We propose TAL-Net, an improved approach to temporal action localization in video that is inspired by the Faster R-CNN object detection framework. TAL-Net addresses three key shortcomings of existing approaches: (1) we improve receptive field alignment using a multi-scale architecture that can accommodate extreme variation in action durations; (2) we better exploit the temporal context of actions for both proposal generation and action classification by appropriately extending receptive fields; and (3) we explicitly consider multi-stream feature fusion and demonstrate that fusing motion late is important. We achieve state-of-the-art performance for both action proposal and localization on THUMOS'14 detection benchmark and competitive performance on ActivityNet challenge.
Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and esterification by 25-hydroxycholesterol in a macrophage-like cell line: uncoupling by progesterone. (1984)

The coordinated control of cholesterol biosynthesis and esterification by 25-hydroxycholesterol was studied in the macrophage-like cell line P388D1. Since 25-hydroxycholesterol rapidly stimulated incorporation of [3H]oleate into the cholesteryl ester fraction of these cells, we have tested the possibility that the well-known inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) by 25-hydroxycholesterol might be the indirect consequence of an increased cholesterol esterification rather than a direct effect on HMG-CoA reductase. The experimental results show that progesterone, an inhibitor of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), when added together with 25-hydroxycholesterol, abolished the increased cholesterol esterification without affecting the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by 25-hydroxycholesterol. Thus, uncoupling cholesterol esterification had no effect on 25-hydroxycholesterol's ability to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase. Unexpectedly, pretreatment of P388D1 cells with 25-hydroxycholesterol resulted in no elevation of ACAT activity as measured in broken cell preparations. Therefore, the possibility that 25-hydroxycholesterol stimulated cholesteryl ester formation by increasing the amount of cholesterol available for esterification, rather than by acting directly on ACAT activity, was considered. Labeling experiments using [14C]-cholesterol have provided evidence for this assumption.
III-V-on-silicon multi-frequency lasers (2013)

Compact multi-frequency lasers are realized by combining III-V based optical amplifiers with silicon waveguide optical demultiplexers using a heterogeneous integration process based on adhesive wafer bonding. Both devices using arrayed waveguide grating routers as well as devices using ring resonators as the demultiplexer showed lasing with threshold currents between 30 and 40 mA and output powers in the order of a few mW. Laser operation up to 60°C is demonstrated. The small bending radius allowable for the silicon waveguides results in a short cavity length, ensuring stable lasing in a single longitudinal mode, even with relaxed values for the intra-cavity filter bandwidths.
Impact of Information and Communications Technologies on Residential Customer Energy Services (1996)

LBNL-39015 UC-1322 Impact of Information and Communications Technologies on Residential Customer Energy Services Charles Goldman, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Willett Kempton, Anita Eide and Maithili Iyer, University of Delaware Mindi Farber and Richard Scheer, Energetics, Inc. Energy & Environment Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California Berkeley, California 94720 October 1996 The work described in this study was funded by the Assistant Secretary of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Utility Technologies, Office of Energy Management Division of the U.S. Department of Energy unde r Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098.
Finite Element Analyses of Repaired Articular Surfaces (1991)

The response to a compressive load of a repaired cartilage surface, consisting of full-thickness repair tissue adjacent to normal cartilage, was predicted by the u-p finite element method and compared to that of a normal cartilage surface under the same loading conditions. By individually varying the aggregate modulus, permeability and Poisson's ratio for the repair tissue, analyses were performed to assess the contributions of each to the changes in mechanical behaviour. In comparing the repaired to normal surfaces, the presence of a softer repair tissue resulted in increased axial and decreased radial deformations at any given time point, while a repaired surface with an increased permeability compressed more easily due to the increased fluid flow and caused equilibrium to occur sooner. For smaller Poisson's ratio, the axial deformation was not different from normal if the aggregate modulus was the same as normal; however, the radial expansion was reduced as the repair tissue experienced a larger volume change. These results indicate that the presence of repair tissue in a joint surface can have a strong influence on the mechanical behaviour of the surface.
Inhibition of Neutrophil Migration and Oxygen Free Radical Release by Metipranolol and Timolol (2003)

Propanolol and metoprolol exert adrenoceptor-independent effects including scavenging of free radicals and inhibition of protein kinase C leading to inhibition of leukocyte migration and radical release as a consequence. Whether topically used metipranolol and timolol exert such effects is unknown. Neutrophil chemotaxis was tested using modified Boyden microchemotaxis chambers. Respiratory burst activity of neutrophils was detected fluorometrically. Radical scavenging properties were tested using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Metipranolol and timolol inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis at doses in the micromolar range, oxygen free radical production triggered with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe was inhibited at higher concentration. Protein kinase C involvement, suggested to trigger free radical production with phorbol myristate acetate, was antagonized. A direct radical scavenging effect of the beta-blockers was also seen. Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis and free radical production is a novel mode of action of metipranolol and timolol that may be relevant for beneficial effects in the topical treatment of eye disease.
Demonstration of a Subthreshold FPGA Using Monolithically Integrated Graphene Interconnects (2012)

We have demonstrated a subthreshold FPGA system using monolithically integrated graphene wires. The graphene wires replace double-length lines in the interconnect fabric of a custom FPGA implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS. The four-layer graphene wires have lower capacitance than the CMOS aluminum wires, resulting in up to 2.11× faster speeds and 1.54× lower interconnect energy when driven by a low-swing voltage of 0.4 V. This paper presents the first graphene-based system application and experimentally demonstrates the potential of using low-capacitance graphene wires for ultralow power electronics.
MDX-070, a human anti-plasma antibody, administered as either a single dose or as multiple doses to patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (2006)

14549 Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is specifically expressed in prostatic epithelial cells and up-regulated in hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). MDX-070 is a HuMAb that recognizes conformational epitopes on PSMA, mediates anti-body-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and is internalized. The primary objective of these studies was to establish the safety and tolerability and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of MDX070 in patients (pts) with HRPC. Secondary objectives included characterization of the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and a preliminary assessment of clinical antitumor activity measured by PSA levels and scans. Methods: MDX070 was administered intravenously over 90 minutes to pts with HRPC as either a single dose (Protocol MDX070–01) at dose levels of 0.1 (3 pts), 0.5 (3 pts), 1 (3 pts), 5 (3 pts), or 10 (6 pts) mg/kg/dose or every two weeks for up to 4 doses (Protocol MDX070–02) at dose levels of 1 (9 pts), 5 (6 pts), and 10 (15 pts) mg/kg/dose. Pts with stable disease or better at the end of the treatment period could receive additional treatment cycles until progression in a companion protocol (MDX070–03). Results: There were no Grade 4 toxicities judged to be related to MDX070 administration. One patient experienced Grade 3 anorexia that was possibly drug-related (5 mg/kg). Grade 1 or 2 toxicities (reported in 35 pts in the clinical database- 18 in 01, and 17 in 02) deemed to be related to MDX070 included anorexia (2), fatigue (3), fever (4), nausea (3) and vomiting (2). No significant differences in toxicity were seen between dose groups. No &gt;50% decline in PSA or response according to RECIST criteria occurred in any of the dosing cohorts, but 6 patients had stable disease and received 1 or more additional cycles of treatment at the same dose. Conclusions: MDX-070 as monotherapy, at the dose levels administered, was safe and well tolerated. No objective antitumor activity was observed at the dose levels tested, however, 20% (6/30) had stable disease. Enrollment is continuing at the 10 mg/kg multi-dose cohort. PK analysis is ongoing. [Table: see text]
Targeted DNA excision in Arabidopsis by a re-engineered homing endonuclease (2012)

These results establish parameters needed to use engineered homing endonucleases for the modification of endogenous loci in plant genomes.
Attenuation of Adhesion-dependent Signaling and Cell Spreading in Transformed Fibroblasts Lacking Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-1B (2001)

Previous biochemical evidence has yielded conflicting models for the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) in the regulation of integrin signaling. Thus, to establish the physiological relevance for such a role, we employed a genetic approach by generating embryonic fibroblasts from PTP-1B knockout mice. Both primary fibroblasts and their derived cell lines were used in this study. Immortalization of wild-type primary cells with the SV40 Large T antigen resulted in a dramatic increase in the endogenous expression of PTP-1B, suggesting a role during transformation. Moreover, the absence of PTP-1B in the transformed cell lines led to a more pronounced effect on different pathways of fibronectin-mediated signaling compared with the untransformed state. Specifically, p130(Cas) phosphorylation, Erk activation as well as cell spreading were delayed in PTP-1B-deficient cells, compared with their wild-type counterparts. Interestingly, this attenuation in integrin-mediated events closely resembles that of Src-deficient fibroblasts. Indeed, PTP-1B deficient, transformed fibroblasts held in suspension do exhibit a hyperphosphorylation of the inhibitory site (Tyr-527) of Src, compared with their wild-type counterparts. These results establish PTP-1B as a positive physiological regulator of integrin signaling in transformed cells, acting upstream of Src Tyr-527 dephosphorylation that leads to several adhesion-dependent events.
Human dermal microvascular endothelial but not human umbilical vein endothelial cells express CD36 in vivo and in vitro (1992)

CD36 is an 88-kDa glycoprotein that has been identified on platelets, monocytes, and some endothelial cells. Experimental evidence suggests that CD36 mediates the binding of Plasmodium falciparum-infected RBC to a variety of cells, and therefore may play a role in the vascular complications associated with malaria. Additionally, CD36 may also bind the extracellular matrix proteins thrombospondin and collagen. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells have been used in in vitro models examining the binding of P. falciparum RBC to endothelial cells, but they do not consistently express cell surface CD36. Inasmuch as human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) differ in a variety of ways from large vessel endothelial cells, we have examined HDMEC for cell surface expression of CD36 in vivo and in vitro. Direct immunofluorescence of skin showed bright staining of HDMEC with antibody recognizing CD36 and flow cytometric analysis of cultured HDMEC revealed cell surface expression. In contrast, large vessel endothelial cells were not stained with antibody recognizing CD36 in vivo and cultured cells derived from umbilical vein failed to express cell surface CD36 in vitro. Western immunoblots of lysates of HDMEC but not human umbilical vein endothelial cells demonstrated an 88-kDa protein that comigrated with CD36 from platelets. Functional studies demonstrated that adherence of PRBC to HDMEC was inhibited up to 66% by mAb recognizing CD36. Furthermore, the expression of CD36 on HDMEC was increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner by IFN-gamma, and was decreased by protein kinase C agonists. These data demonstrate that HDMEC express functionally active CD36 and this expression can be positively and negatively regulated by soluble factors. This study demonstrates that HDMEC are useful in the study of CD36-mediated binding of PRBC to endothelial cells in vitro and provides further evidence of distinct phenotypic differences between HDMEC and large vessel endothelial cells.
Transplantation in Parkinson's disease: Two cases of adrenal medullary grafts to the putamen (1987)

Autologous adrenal medullary tissue was transplanted unilaterally to the putamen in two patients with severe Parkinson's disease. The first patient exhibited a transient, two-day improvement of motor performance in the limbs contralateral to the implantation site. He also had significantly longer episodes of normal function for about two months. The second patient reported a minor improvement of balance and gait, again lasting for two months. Electrophysiological studies of the motor readiness and auditory evoked potentials were consistent with increased catecholaminergic activity in the basal ganglia after transplantation in both patients. Positron emission tomography showed no postoperative alteration of receptor density in the putamen. No significant adverse effects of the transplantation were observed in the patients' performance on neurological and psychological tests or in their quantitative electroencephalogram and cerebral blood flow recordings. Immediately after the grafting, one patient showed transient signs of sympathetic hyperactivity, probably caused by release of catecholamines from the implanted tissue into the peripheral circulation. We conclude that catecholamine-rich cellular implants in the basal ganglia have transient beneficial effects in patients with severe Parkinson's disease.
Determination of developmental stage to obtain high frequencies of embryogenic microspores in Brassica napus (1992)

Individual buds of Brassica napus cv. Topas, near the first pollen mitosis, were used for microspore culture. Bud and petal lengths were recorded. Microspores isolated from the individual buds were plated and small samples were fixed for cytology. Following embryo induction and three weeks of culturing, numbers of embryos were scored. Bud and petal lengths did not accurately indicate which buds would supply microspores that would form embryos at high frequencies. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine nuclei stained with Hoechst 33258 and vacuolar morphology of microspores was revealed by the weaker fluorescence due to glutaraldehyde fixation. Following isolation, nuclear and vacuolar characteristics were used to stage the microspores as miduninucleate, late uninucleate vacuolate, late uninucleate, mitotic, or binucleate. The relationship of developmental stage to the frequency of microspore‐derived embryos was evaluated. A classification scheme was developed which uses the relative proportions of microspores at each of the stages to identify microspore isolations that would form embryos at high frequencies. It was found that when 1 to 87% of the isolated microspores were binucleate, 21.4 ± 3.0% of the viable microspores developed into embryos. This was a significant ( P &lt; 0.001) increase over the other 3 classes. The ability to select highly embryogenic microspore isolations is of great advantage for developmental cell biology studies.
Molecular cloning and structural analysis of the human gene encoding cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein. (1994)

Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) appears to play a role in the vertebrate visual process as a substrate-routing protein, influencing the enzymatic partitioning of 11-cis-retinol at a key branch point in the visual cycle. Genomic clones spanning 29 kilobases and encompassing the human CRALBP gene have been isolated by screening two human genomic libraries and from polymerase chain reaction amplification of human leukocyte DNA. The sequence of 13,647 contiguous nucleotides has been determined, including 3130 and 516 bases from the 5'- and 3'-flanking regions, respectively. The human CRALBP gene exists as a single copy in the genome based on Southern analyses and localization to a single site on human chromosome 15 (Sparkes, R. S., Heinzmann, C., Goldflam, S., Kojis, T., Saari, J. C., Mohandes, T., Klisak, I., Bateman, J. B., and Crabb, J. W. (1992) Genomics 12, 58-62). The gene is composed of eight exons and seven introns with average lengths of 198 base pairs and 1.2 kilobases, respectively, and which exhibit conventional vertebrate splicing. Alu repetitive sequences exist in introns 4 and 5 as well as in the 5'- and 3'-flanking regions of the gene. RNase protection and primer extension analyses indicate that the human CRALBP gene transcription start site is 922 bases upstream of the initiation codon. The first exon is entirely untranslated and both exon 2 and exon 8 contain untranslated regions. The proximal 5'-flanking region lacks GC boxes and consensus TATA and CCAAT boxes at the usual positions. The 3'-untranslated region of CRALBP exon 8 is essentially identical to a partial cDNA clone reportedly isolated from a human hippocampus cDNA library, suggesting that the protein may be expressed in a wider spectrum of tissues than previously recognized. The human CRALBP genomic clones and structure provide valuable tools for studying the physiological role of the protein in vision and visual disorders.