gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The iodination sites of bovine thyrotropin. (1987)

Iodination of bovine thyrotropin (TSH) using a lactoperoxidase-catalyzed labeling method at pH 5.6 results in modification of both the alpha- and beta-subunits. In particular, 3 of the 5 tyrosine residues of the alpha-subunit and 9 of the 11 tyrosine residues in the beta-subunit are accessible to surface iodination. However, the reactivity of these tyrosine residues in bovine TSH toward iodination under these enzyme-catalyzed conditions follows the order alpha-Tyr-21 much greater than alpha-Tyr-92, -93, approximately equal to beta-Tyr-45, -54 greater than beta-Tyr-74 greater than beta-Tyr-18 approximately equal to beta-Tyr-112 greater than beta-Tyr-104 approximately equal to beta-Tyr-92 greater than beta-Tyr-7 greater than beta-Tyr-77. From reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography tryptic mapping, leucyl aminopeptidase M digestion, and microsequence analysis, it is clear that diiodination of the tyrosine residues is not favored for the beta-subunit with the exception of beta-Tyr-7, whereas diiodination was observed with alpha-Tyr-21 and alpha-Tyr-92/93. These data on iodination sites are evaluated in terms of the known receptor binding features of iodinated bovine TSH preparations as well as in terms of the surface accessibility of these specific residues as predicted from topographical algorithms based on an analysis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of the subunits. The results provide an explanation for the anomalously low bound/total tracer ratio frequently observed in radioreceptor assay procedures for TSH and suggest a basis for further evaluation of the determinant loops associated with the hormone specificity of the beta-subunit.
Purification and structural characterization of the putative gag-pol protease of human immunodeficiency virus (1988)

We have purified a 10,774-dalton protein from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 that is encoded in the protease domain of the pol open reading frame (ORF). Radiochemical amino acid microsequencing identified 12 amino acids from the stretch of 39 N-terminal residues of this protein, beginning with a PQITLW sequence at position 69 of the pol ORF. Radiosequencing of selected tryptic peptides of the protein identified 11 additional residues (Leu-9 and Val-2) in six peptides encompassing the entire molecule of 99 residues. A protein of similar size and identical N-terminal sequence (determined through the first 39 residues) was present among the processed HIV pol gene products in Escherichia coli which expressed the entire HIV pol ORF. The C terminus of both the viral and E. coli-expressed proteins was inferred to be contiguous with the N terminus of the p64-p51 reverse transcriptase on the basis of tryptic mapping and specific immunoreactivity with an antiserum against a dodecapeptide located upstream of the reverse transcriptase. Thus, the initial processing of the pol precursor that generates the native protease is apparently preserved across phylogenetic barriers. Although the purified viral protease lacked measurable proteolytic activity, the bacterial extracts were capable of processing an HIV gag precursor protein synthesized in E. coli.
Genetic and molecular genetic studies of murine and human lupus. (1987)

Mice and humans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been studied with regard to cellular, genetic and molecular genetic abnormalities. B cell hyperactivity and autoantibody production are the hallmarks of this illness. In humans with SLE, there is increased stem cell, B cell precursor and B cell proliferation. The same is true of NZB mice. In lpr/lpr and gld/gld mice, marked expansion of a subpopulation of T cells allows extrathymic terminal T cell maturation and secondary B cell hyperactivity. Androgens suppress these processes and polyclonal immune activators accelerate them. Three types of genes are identified: inducing genes, accelerating genes and background genes. These give rise to abnormal expression of various cellular oncogenes, T cell receptor genes and immunoglobulin genes. The data suggest that abnormal immune regulation plays a critical role in the development of SLE, with polyclonal B cell activation being common to both mice and humans with SLE. Different genetic and cellular abnormalities underlie the ultimate syndrome, the common denominator, generalized autoimmunity, that we call SLE.
Fully phase encrypted image processor (1999)

A fully phase image encryption technique that uses the double random-phase encoding method is presented. The performance of this fully phase encryption is compared with that of amplitude-based encryption in the presence of noise. Analytic bounds on the mean squared error for the decrypted images are obtained. The accuracy of the theoretical error bounds is confirmed by comparing them with the mean squared errors obtained by using numerical and statistical methods for actual images. Fully phase-based encryption shows better performance than amplitude-based encryption with respect to the mean-squared-error metric.
Recent advancements in the gas-phase MicroChemLab (2006)

Sandia's hand-held MicroChemLab system uses a micromachined preconcentrator, a gas chromatography channel, and a quartz surface acoustic wave array detector for sensitive/selective detection of gas-phase chemical analytes. Requisite system size, performance, power budget, and time response mandate microfabrication of the key analytical system components. In the fielded system, hybrid integration has been employed, permitting optimization of the individual components. Recent improvements in the hybrid-integrated system, using plastic, metal, or silicon/glass manifolds, is described, as is system performance against semivolatile compounds and toxic industrial chemicals. The design and performance of a new three-dimensional micro-preconcentrator is also introduced. To further reduce system dead volume, eliminate unheated transfer lines, and simplify assembly, there is an effort to monolithically integrate the silicon PC and GC with a suitable silicon-based detector, such as a magnetically-actuated flexural plate wave sensor or a magnetically-actuated pivot plate resonator
Fondaparinux-Associated Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (2012)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated clinical syndrome of thrombocytopenia and thrombosis occurring after exposure to heparin. HIT most commonly occurs after exposure to unfractionated heparin but has also been reported with low-molecular-weight heparin. To date, there have been very few reports of HIT with the pentasaccharide fondaparinux, and some have proposed fondaparinux as a treatment for HIT. This article presents two cases of HIT associated with fondaparinux use.
Regnase-1 and Roquin Nonredundantly Regulate Th1 Differentiation Causing Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis (2017)

Regnase-1 and Roquin are RNA binding proteins that are essential for degradation of inflammatory mRNAs and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Although deficiency of either of the proteins leads to enhanced T cell activation, their functional relationship in T cells has yet to be clarified because of lethality upon mutation of both Regnase-1 and Roquin. By using a Regnase-1 conditional allele, we show that mutations of both Regnase-1 and Roquin in T cells leads to massive lymphocyte activation. In contrast, mutation of either Regnase-1 or Roquin affected T cell activation to a lesser extent than the double mutation, indicating that Regnase-1 and Roquin function nonredundantly in T cells. Interestingly, Regnase-1 and Roquin double-mutant mice suffered from severe inflammation and early formation of fibrosis, especially in the heart, along with the increased expression of <i>Ifng</i>, but not <i>Il4</i> or <i>Il17a</i> Consistently, mutation of both Regnase-1 and Roquin leads to a huge increase in the Th1, but not the Th2 or Th17, population in spleens compared with T cells with a single Regnase-1 or Roquin deficiency. Regnase-1 and Roquin are capable of repressing the expression of a group of mRNAs encoding factors involved in Th1 differentiation, such as <i>Furin</i> and <i>Il12rb1</i>, via their 3' untranslated regions. Moreover, Regnase-1 is capable of repressing Roquin mRNA. This cross-regulation may contribute to the synergistic control of T cell activation/polarization. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Regnase-1 and Roquin maintain T cell immune homeostasis and regulate Th1 polarization synergistically.
Budget Impact of Intravenous Iron Therapy with Ferric Carboxymaltose in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency in Germany (2017)

Therapy with FCM has a minimal budget impact of €40 031 per 1000 patients per year. This budget impact translates into reduced and shorter hospitalizations and improved symptomatic status of the patients.
Inhibition of influenza virus replication by phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. (1990)

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were synthesized and tested for their antiviral activity against influenza viruses. ODNs corresponded to the polymerase PB1 gene of either influenza A/WSN/33 virus or influenza C/JJ/50 virus. All compounds were 20 nucleotides long, including control ODNs containing mismatches. The phosphodiester ODNs (O-ODNs) failed to inhibit replication of influenza A and influenza C viruses at concentrations up to 80 microM, possibly due to intracellular nuclease digestion of the unmodified oligomers. By contrast, the phosphorothioate derivatives (S-ODNs) were found to inhibit replication of both influenza A and influenza C virus. The antiviral effect of S-ODNs against influenza A virus was found at concentrations as low as 1.25 microM and was present with mismatched oligomers. In the case of influenza C virus, the S-ODN complementary to the 3' end of the viral RNA of the PB1 gene revealed a sequence-specific antiviral activity at a concentration of 20 microM. (At the same concentration, S-ODNs with one or three mismatches showed little or no antiviral activity.) Reduction in plaque number reached six logarithms when this sequence-specific S-ODN was used at a concentration of 80 microM.
An insert-based enzymatic cell culture system to rapidly and reversibly induce hypoxia: investigations of hypoxia-induced cell damage, protein expression and phosphorylation in neuronal IMR-32 cells (2013)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury and tissue hypoxia are of high clinical relevance because they are associated with various pathophysiological conditions such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms causing cell damage are still not fully understood, which is at least partially due to the lack of cell culture systems for the induction of rapid and transient hypoxic conditions. The aim of the study was to establish a model that is suitable for the investigation of cellular and molecular effects associated with transient and long-term hypoxia and to gain insights into hypoxia-mediated mechanisms employing a neuronal culture system. A semipermeable membrane insert system in combination with the hypoxia-inducing enzymes glucose oxidase and catalase was employed to rapidly and reversibly generate hypoxic conditions in the culture medium. Hydrogen peroxide assays, glucose measurements and western blotting were performed to validate the system and to evaluate the effects of the generated hypoxia on neuronal IMR-32 cells. Using the insert-based two-enzyme model, hypoxic conditions were rapidly induced in the culture medium. Glucose concentrations gradually decreased, whereas levels of hydrogen peroxide were not altered. Moreover, a rapid and reversible (on-off) generation of hypoxia could be performed by the addition and subsequent removal of the enzyme-containing inserts. Employing neuronal IMR-32 cells, we showed that 3 hours of hypoxia led to morphological signs of cellular damage and significantly increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (a biochemical marker of cell damage). Hypoxic conditions also increased the amounts of cellular procaspase-3 and catalase as well as phosphorylation of the pro-survival kinase Akt, but not Erk1/2 or STAT5. In summary, we present a novel framework for investigating hypoxia-mediated mechanisms at the cellular level. We claim that the model, the first of its kind, enables researchers to rapidly and reversibly induce hypoxic conditions in vitro without unwanted interference of the hypoxia-inducing agent on the cultured cells. The system could help to further unravel hypoxia-associated mechanisms that are clinically relevant in various tissues and organs.
Neuropsychological features of mild cognitive impairment and preclinical Alzheimer's disease (2003)

Recent research has identified a transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI patients experience memory loss to a greater extent than one would expect for age, yet they do not meet currently accepted criteria for clinically probable AD. An issue currently under investigation is whether MCI represents the preclinical stages of AD or a distinct and static cognitive aetiology. In an attempt to address this issue, the present investigations are adopting a convergent approach to the detection of preclinical AD, where multiple risk factors are considered when making a diagnosis. Currently, one of the most important tools when assessing early cognitive changes is neuropsychological evaluation. MCI subjects typically record neuropsychological performance between that of healthy older individuals and demented patients. Tests assessing new learning, delayed recall and attention/executive function seem to provide valuable information for screening and diagnosis of MCI and early AD if interpreted properly. Recommendations concerning methodological issues and the early management of neuropsychological MCI studies were made.
Replication of an origin-containing derivative of plasmid RK2 dependent on a plasmid function provided in trans (1979)

pRK212.2, a derivative of the broad host range plasmid RK2, contains two EcoRI cleavage fragments, A and B, neither of which can replicate by itself in Escherichia coli. Fragment A (41.7 kilobases), but not fragment B (14.4 kilobases), can be cloned by insertion into the unrelated plasmids mini-F and ColE1. Fragment B contains the origin of replication and the ampicillin-resistance determinant of RK2. Transformation of E. coli cells containing the mini-F-fragment A hybrid plasmid with fragment B DNA results in the recircularization and replication of fragment B as a nonmobilizable plasmid (pRK2067) with the copy number and incompatibility properties of RK2. Fragment B cannot be cloned in the absence of fragment A because the latter fragment suppresses a function, specified by fragment B, that results in loss of host cell viability. A small segment (2.4 kilobases) of fragment B that contains the RK2 origin of replication but no longer affects host cell growth in the absence of fragment A had been cloned previously by insertion into a ColE1 plasmid. This hybrid plasmid, designated pRK256, will replicate in E. coli polA mutants only when a fragment A-bearing helper plasmid is present. These results demonstrate that the potentially lethal function specified by fragment B of RK2 is not necessary for replication and that at least one trans-acting function is directly involved in RK2 replication.
Characterization of Antisense Transformed Plants Deficient in the Tobacco Anionic Peroxidase (1997)

On the basis of the biological compounds that they metabolize, plant peroxidases have long been implicated in plant growth, cell wall biogenesis, lignification, and host defenses. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants that underexpress anionic peroxidase were generated using antisense RNA. The antisense RNA was found to be specific for the anionic isoenzyme and highly effective, reducing endogenous transcript levels and total peroxidase activity by as much as 1600-fold. Antisense-transformed plants appeared normal at initial observation; however, growth studies showed that plants with reduced peroxidase activity grow taller and flower sooner than control plants. In contrast, previously transformed plants overproducing anionic peroxidase were shorter and flowered later than controls. Axillary buds were more developed in antisense-transformed plants and less developed in plants overproducing this enzyme. It was found that the lignin content in leaf, stem, and root was unchanged in antisense-transformed plants, which does not support a role for anionic peroxidase in the lignification of secondary xylem vessels. However, studies of wounded tissue show some reduction in wound-induced deposition of lignin-like polymers. The data support a possible role for tobacco anionic peroxidase in host defenses but not without a reduction in growth potential.
Clinical outcomes and angiographic patency in 125 consecutive off-pump coronary bypass patients. (1999)

OPCAB surgery reduces hospital cost, postoperative length of stay, and transfusion rate compared to CABG. OPCAB is safe, cost effective, and associated with excellent graft patency and clinical outcomes.
A Polygon-Based Panning Method for 3D Loudspeaker Setups (2014)

S.343-352
The suppression of malignancy by terminal differentiation: Evidence from hybrids between tumour cells and keratinocytes (1987)

When malignant human cells are crossed with diploid human keratinocytes, malignancy, as defined by progressive growth in vivo, is suppressed so long as the hybrid cells continue to produce involucrin, a protein that characterizes terminal differentiation in the keratinocyte. When, on continued cultivation in vitro, the cells lose the ability to produce involucrin, they reacquire the ability to grow progressively in the animal.
Room temperature stable carbetocin for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage during the third stage of labour in women delivering vaginally: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2016)

ACTRN12614000870651 (14 August 2014).
Translational Studies of GALGT2 Gene Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2013)

Abstract : The purpose of this proposal is to perform translational studies in support of developing GALGT2 gene therapy for use in Duchenne Muscular dystrophy patients. In year 1, we have completed the tasks of dosing almost all cohorts of experimental animals to be used in Years 1 and 2 (Wild type or WT, Cmah-/-, mdx and Cmah-/-mdx) via intramuscular injection with the two therapeutic gene therapy vectors to be tested (AAVrh74.MCK.GALGT2 and AAVrh74.MHCK7.GALGT2). We have several major findings from this work, and several experimental problems that need to be resolved. By analyzing functional gene expression in AAV dose response curves, we find that Cmah-/- animals have more expression from rAAVrh74.(MCK or MHCK7).GALGT2 injection at the same dose compared to WT. Likewise, Cmah-/-mdx show higher expression than mdx. These data demonstrate that the human GALGT2 gene may show greater potency in DMD patients than its does in mdx mice due to the altered sialic acid repertoire that exists in humans. Similarly, we find that use of the MHCK7 promoter yielded higher GALGT2 expression at the same AAV dose compared to the MCK promoter. This data suggests that use of the MHCK7 promoter in gene therapy vectors will be more potent in DMD patients. Experimental issues yet to be resolved include understanding the timing of gene overexpression needed to maximize changes in functional measures.
Injecting utility into anonymized datasets (2006)

Limiting disclosure in data publishing requires a careful balance between privacy and utility. Information about individuals must not be revealed, but a dataset should still be useful for studying the characteristics of a population. Privacy requirements such as k-anonymity and l-diversity are designed to thwart attacks that attempt to identify individuals in the data and to discover their sensitive information. On the other hand, the utility of such data has not been well-studied.In this paper we will discuss the shortcomings of current heuristic approaches to measuring utility and we will introduce a formal approach to measuring utility. Armed with this utility metric, we will show how to inject additional information into k-anonymous and l-diverse tables. This information has an intuitive semantic meaning, it increases the utility beyond what is possible in the original k-anonymity and l-diversity frameworks, and it maintains the privacy guarantees of k-anonymity and l-diversity.
Challenges in developing a cross-serotype rhinovirus vaccine (2015)

A great burden of disease is attributable to human rhinovirus (HRV) infections which are the major cause of the common cold, exacerbations of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and are associated with asthma development. Despite this there is currently no vaccine for HRV. The first vaccine studies showed some promise in terms of serotype-specific protection against cold symptoms, but antigenic heterogeneity amongst the >150 HRVs has been regarded as a major barrier to effective vaccine development and has resulted in little progress over 50 years. Here we review those vaccine studies conducted to date, discuss the difficulties posed by antigenic heterogeneity and describe some recent advances in generating cross-reactive antibodies and T cell responses using peptide immunogens.
Intracellular IFN-gamma expression in natural killer cells precedes lung CD8+ T cell recruitment during respiratory syncytial virus infection. (1998)

Natural killer (NK) cells are recruited locally during the initial phases of virus infection and produce cytokines which may affect the subsequent emergence of specific T cells. In this study, cellular responses to primary respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and after vaccination with individual viral proteins were investigated in BALB/c mice using the new NK cell antibody, DX5. Purified DX5+ cells caused lysis of YAC-1 cell targets. DX5+ cells did not express CD8, CD45R or MHC class II antigens. A small proportion of DX5+ cells co-expressed CD4 (10.3%) and CD3 (10.6%). Of the DX5+/CD4+ cells, the majority expressed the alpha/beta T cell receptor and less than 1% expressed the gamma/delta T cell receptor. During infection with RSV, lung DX5+/CD3- NK cells peaked on day 4 of primary infection and were the most numerous subset producing IFN-gamma, as determined by intracellular staining, at this time-point. Less than 1% of the DX5+ cells secreting IFN-gamma were CD4+. In the lungs of mice vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing individual RSV proteins, increased NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma production correlated with increased numbers of CD8+ T cells. Mice with few NK cells subsequently had low CD8+ T cells and developed lung eosinophilia. IFN-gamma-producing NK cells therefore form a substantial component of the early cellular response to virus infection with important potential influences on the subsequent development of specific immunity.