gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gibberellin‐photoaffinity labelling of two polypeptides in plant plasma membranes (1998)

Two polypeptides of M(r) 68 kDa and 18 kDa were gibberellin (GA)-photoaffinity labelled in vitro in plasma membrane preparations from oat (Avena sativa L.) aleurone and from leaves and stems of wild-type and GA-sensitivity mutants of different species. Labelling of these polypeptides could be competed by biologically active, but not by inactive, GAs, indicating the likely biological significance of these interactions. On 2-dimensional gels the radiolabelled polypeptides were each resolved as one intensely labelled low abundance spot with a slightly lower pl form adjacent to it. There was a strong pH dependency for both labelling events, which correlated well with pH values at which GA are known to be most biologically active. A semi-dwarf GA-sensitivity mutant of sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.), lb, showed reduced photoaffinity labelling of both polypeptides compared with the wild type, Lb. In the GA-insensitive Arabidopsis thaliana mutant gai, the level of labelling was the same as in wild type, GAI. This is the first report of GA-binding proteins in plant plasma membranes. Some preliminary sequence data are given for one of the labelled polypeptides. We discuss these mutants and consider their possible roles in GA perception or action.
Hydroxyethyl starch-induced renal insufficiency after plasma exchange in a patient with polymyositis and liver cirrhosis. (2001)

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is a macromolecular preparation that has been used as a volume expander since 1991. Renal toxicity of high-dose HES is now well recognized but potential renal toxicity of low-dose HES is poorly documented. Acute renal toxicity of cyclosporin A (CyA) may be responsible for osmotic nephrosis-like lesions. We report here the case of a 30-year-old male who developed cirrhosis due to hepatitis B and delta viruses and polymyositis. Polymyositis was treated with CyA, prednisone and plasma exchanges using low-dose HES as the replacement fluid. Renal insufficiency occurred with biopsy-proven osmotic nephrosis-like lesions, considered to be secondary to HES infusions and/or CyA.
Monoclonal Antibodies: A Practical Approach (2000)

Preparation of Rodent Monoclonal Antibodies by in vitro Somatic Hybridization Preparation of Recombinant Antibodies From Immune Rodent Spleens and the Design of Their Humanisation by CDR Grafting Selection of Antibodies From Phage Libraries of Immunoglobulin Genes Arm Complexes for in vitro Display and Evolution of Antibody Combining Sites Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Blood Group Antigens Laboratory Based Methods for Small-Scale Productions of Monoclonal Antibodies Isolation and Purification of Antibodies From Tissue Culture Supernatant Antibody Production in Plants Radiolabelling of Monoclonal Antibodies Non-Radioactive Antibody Probes Immunogold Probes for Light and Electron Microscopy Characterization of Cellular Antigens Using Monoclonal Antibodies Immunoassays Immunoaffinity Chromatography of Macromolecules Immunochemical Detection of BrdUrd-Labelled Nuclei for Monitoring Cell Kinetics Immunofluorescence Microscopy Analysis of Clinical Haematological Samples in Transplantation for Cancer Immunocytochemical Staining of Cells and Tissues for Diagnostic Applications Detection of Chemically Modified DNA in Lymphocytes of Patients Undergoing Chemotheraphy Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Organ Transplantation Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Growth of human cells on plasma polymers: Putative role of amine and amide groups (1994)

The attachment and growth of human endothelial cells and fibroblasts was studied on polymer surfaces fabricated by the polymerization of volatile amine and amide compounds in a low pressure gas plasma, and by the treatment of various surfaces in ammonia plasmas, which served to increase the nitrogen content of the surface layers. Infrared spectra showed the presence of amide groups, including those cases where the volatile compound ('monomer') did not contain oxygen. The performance of the surfaces in cell attachment correlated with the surface hydrophilicity and the nitrogen content, although for the latter a fair degree of scatter indicated that a more complex relationship applies. All these surfaces supported the attachment and growth of human cells. Generally, amide plasma polymers were best but the individual monomer and the plasma parameters also played a role. From comparisons of the various surfaces, it is suggested that the amide group is the main promoter of cell attachment in nitrogen-containing plasma surfaces.
Apelin, the Natural Ligand of the Orphan Seven-Transmembrane Receptor APJ, Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry (2000)

In addition to the CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine receptors, a subset of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates can also use the seven-transmembrane-domain receptor APJ as a coreceptor. A previously identified ligand of APJ, apelin, specifically inhibited the entry of primary T-tropic and dualtropic HIV-1 isolates from different clades into cells expressing CD4 and APJ. Analysis of apelin analogues demonstrated that potent and specific antiviral activity was retained by a 13-residue, arginine-rich peptide. Antiviral potency was influenced by the integrity of methionine 75, which contributes to APJ-binding affinity, and by the retention of apelin residues 63 to 65. These studies demonstrate the ability of a small peptide ligand to block the function of APJ as an HIV-1 coreceptor, identify apelin sequences important for the inhibition, and provide new reagents for the investigation of the significance of APJ to HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
Nkx2-5 Represses Gata1 Gene Expression and Modulates the Cellular Fate of Cardiac Progenitors During Embryogenesis (2011)

Our results demonstrate that the hematopoietic/erythroid cell fate is suppressed via Nkx2-5 during mesodermal fate determination, and that the Gata1 gene is one of the targets that are suppressed by Nkx2-5.
PTEN-LONG, a translational variant of the canonical tumor suppressor PTEN (2013)

Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue on chromosome Ten (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor and an antagonist of the phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway. We identified a 576-amino acid translational variant of PTEN, termed PTEN-Long, that arises from an alternative translation start site 519 base-pairs upstream of the ATG initiation sequence, adding 173 N-terminal amino acids to the normal PTEN open reading frame. We demonstrate that PTEN-Long is able to act as a lipid phosphatase and that it is able to down regulate PI3K signaling when transiently transfected into cells. We observe that PTEN-Long is down regulated in the tumor cells of breast cancer cases, and that in some cases it is highly expressed by immune cells in the tumor microenvironment indicating that PTEN-Long may play a role in the endogenous response to tumor formation. We demonstrate that PTEN-Long is secreted from cells and can enter other cells. As an exogenous agent, PTEN-Long antagonized PI3K signaling and induced tumor cell death in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore we were able to use the PTEN-Long alternately translated region (ATR) to shuttle fused RFP and p53 into cells, thus opening the possibility that ATR-fusion proteins may be capable of restoring proteins such as lost tumor suppressors back into cells. Using pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as a case study in order to expand upon our initial observations, we observed loss/down-regulation of PTEN-Long in human PDAC tumor samples as well as in tumor derived cell lines. We demonstrate that this feature of the human disease is recapitulated in a Kras G12D p53 H172R Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse model. We examined the efficacy of PTEN-Long treatment alone or in combination with gemcitabine in the KPC model. To our surprise PTEN-Long preformed equivalently to gemcitabine as a monotherapy, and the animals had a significantly increased survival when treated with the PTEN-Long/gemcitabine combination. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism by which PTEN- Long is cooperating with gemcitabine in this model. The present data strongly supports further exploration of PTEN-Long's utility and potential as a therapeutic agent.
Structural stability of binding sites: Consequences for binding affinity and allosteric effects (2000)

During the course of biological function, proteins interact with other proteins, ligands, substrates, inhibitors, etc. These interactions occur at precisely defined locations within the protein but their effects are sometimes propagated to distal regions, triggering highly specific responses. These effects can be used as signals directed to activate or inhibit other sites, modulate interactions with other molecules, and/or establish inter-molecular communication networks. During the past decade, it has become evident that the energy of stabilization of the protein structure is not evenly distributed throughout the molecule and that, under native conditions, proteins lack global cooperativity and are characterized by the occurrence of multiple independent local unfolding events. From a biological point of view, it is important to assess if this uneven distribution reflects specific functional requirements. For example, are binding sites more likely to be found in well structured regions, unstable regions, or mixed regions? In this article, we have addressed these questions by performing a structure-based thermodynamic stability analysis of non-structurally homologous proteins for which high resolution structures of their complexes with specific ligands are available. The results of these studies indicate that for all 16 proteins considered, the binding sites have a dual character and are characterized by the presence of regions with very low structural stability and regions with high stability. In many cases the low stability regions are loops that become stable and cover a significant portion of low molecular weight ligands upon binding. For enzymes, catalytic residues are usually, but not always, located in regions with high structural stability. It is shown that this arrangement provides significant advantages for the optimization of binding affinity of small ligands. In allosteric enzymes, low stability regions in the regulatory site are shown to play a crucial role in the transmission of information to the catalytic site. Proteins 2000;41:63–71. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Host factors affecting the growth of carcinogen-induced rat mammary carcinomas: a review and tribute to Charles Brenton Huggins. (1985)

The carcinogen-induced rat mammary carcinoma model, developed a quarter of a century ago by Dr. Charles Brenton Huggins, is today the standard laboratory animal model in the study of human breast cancer. This model has a number of features that make it particularly attractive to the experimental oncologist, e.g., tumor induction ease and reliability, organ site specificity, tumors of ductal origin, tumors of predominantly carcinomatous histopathological characteristics, tumors of varying growth factor and/or hormone responsiveness, and the potential to examine tumor initiation and promotion processes. Since the development of this model, an extensive literature describing the biological behavior and responsiveness of these tumors has been provided. The purpose of this communication is to condense, summarize, and integrate this vast literature into a single review with the intent on facilitating information acquisition and conceptualism by both the new and the established experimental oncologist. In addition, and equally important, this communication is a tribute to Dr. Huggins, whose pioneering efforts in the development of this model and whose scientific contributions and dedication to the oncological sciences in general have made an important and lasting impact on us all.
Omniview cameras with curved surface mirrors (2002)

Omnidirectional cameras are important for a variety of applications like videoconferencing and robot navigation. This paper discusses several ideas for building such cameras using mirrors with curved surfaces. It turns out that hyperbolic and parabolic mirror profiles are optimally suited for omniviewing.
Glycosphingolipid receptors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1990)

The binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to glycosphingolipids and to buccal and bronchial epithelial cells was analyzed. Three independently expressed specificities were found by bacterial binding to glycosphingolipids separated by thin-layer chromatography. All strains bound gangliotria- and gangliotetrasylceramide. All but one of the strains bound sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids and lactosylceramide. The latter two specificities could be separated in that the lactosylceramide binding was retained and the sialic acid binding was suppressed when bovine serum albumin was used as a blocking agent in the thin-layer chromatography assay. The attachment to buccal epithelial cells, like the binding to sialylated compounds and lactosylceramide, was abolished by Formalin treatment of the bacteria, suggesting the importance of these specificities for cell adherence. In contrast, the binding to gangliotria- and gangliotetraosylceramide was retained by nonattaching Formalin-treated bacteria.
Chondroitinase ABC Enhances Pericontusion Axonal Sprouting But Does Not Confer Robust Improvements in Behavioral Recovery (2010)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in enduring functional deficits. Strategies aimed at promoting plasticity within the injured brain may aid in enhancing functional outcome. We have previously shown that spontaneous pericontusional axon sprouting occurs within 7-14 days after controlled cortical impact injury in the adult rat, but ultimately fails due to an increasingly growth-inhibitory environment. We therefore sought to determine whether acute infusion of chondroitinase ABC into the site of the cortical contusion, to further reduce pericontusional growth-inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), would enhance and prolong the sprouting response. We also wanted to determine if chondroitinase-enhanced sprouting would ameliorate the behavioral deficits in forelimb function that occur in this model. Acute chondroitinase infusion decreased intact CSPGs and significantly increased pericontusional cortical grey and white matter growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43)-positive axon sprouting at 7 days post-injury. A return of intact CSPGs at later time points likely contributed to the absence of persistently increased levels of axon sprouting by 14-21 days post-injury. There was no overall benefit on forelimb function during the time of maximal sprouting or at any subsequent times in three of four behavioral outcome measures. However, there was a chondroitinase-induced improvement in recovery from unskilled limb use deficits on the staircase forelimb reaching test toward sham-injured values at 28 days, which was not achieved by the vehicle-treated rats, indicating that there is some minor functional benefit of the increased sprouting induced by chondroitinase treatment. The current results, together with data from spinal cord injury models after chondroitinase intervention, suggest that a combinatorial approach with the addition of neurotrophins and rehabilitation would result in more robust axon sprouting and consequently improve behavioral outcome.
Long-term Outcome of Major Psychoses (1979)

We conducted a 30- to 40-year field follow-up of 685 patients with schizophrenia, affective disorders, and nonpsychiatric conditions. Long-term outcome was analyzed in terms of the patients' marital, residential, occupational, and psychiatric status. On the whole, psychiatric patients showed a significantly poorer outcome than the surgical controls. On the basis of long-term outcome, schizophrenia, and affective disorders, selected according to the specified research criteria, were significantly different: schizophrenia definitely showed poorer outcome than affective disorders. However, no significant differences in all four outcome variables were found between mania and depression. We hope that the present data on long-term outcome of the typical cases can be used to compare outcome of other psychiatric disorders, such as undiagnosed psychoses, having mixtures of schizophrenic and affective features. In doing this, we hope to charify our understanding of undiagnosed psychoses and their relationship to schizophrenia and affective disorders.
The Fetal and Childhood Growth of Persons Who Develop Type 2 Diabetes (2000)

These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes is programmed in utero in association with low rates of fetal growth. The increased risk for type 2 diabetes associated with small size at birth is further increased by high growth rates after 7 years of age.
Developing vaccines against pandemic influenza (2001)

Pandemic influenza presents special problems for vaccine development. There must be a balance between rapid availability of vaccine and the safeguards to ensure safety, quality and efficacy of vaccine. Vaccine was developed for the pandemics of 1957, 1968, 1977 and for the pandemic alert of 1976. This experience is compared with that gained in developing vaccines for a possible H5N1 pandemic in 1997-1998. Our ability to mass produce influenza vaccines against a pandemic threat was well illustrated by the production of over 150 million doses of 'swine flu' vaccine in the USA within a 3 month period in 1976. However, there is cause for concern that the lead time to begin vaccine production is likely to be about 7-8 months. Attempts to reduce this time should receive urgent attention. Immunogenicity of vaccines in pandemic situations is compared over the period 1968-1998. A consistent feature of the vaccine trials is the demonstration that one conventional 15 microg haemagglutinin dose of vaccine is not sufficiently immunogenic in naive individuals. Much larger doses or two lower doses are needed to induce satisfactory immunity. There is some evidence that whole-virus vaccines are more immunogenic than split or subunit vaccines, but this needs substantiating by further studies. H5 vaccines appeared to be particularly poor immunogens and there is evidence that an adjuvant may be needed. Prospects for improving the development of pandemic vaccines are discussed.
Pricing Strategies and Residential Property Selling Prices (1987)

Research on many consumer goods has indicated that pricing strategies may influence perceptions of quality. Whether such perceptions exist for large assets like real estate, which may therefore allow pricing strategies to influence selling prices is the subject of this study. Large high-rise centrally-located condominium data is used to test whether asking prices are an indicator of value to buyers.
Basic Mechanisms of Cardiac Impulse Propagation and Associated Arrhythmias (2004)

Propagation of excitation in the heart involves action potential (AP) generation by cardiac cells and its propagation in the multicellular tissue. AP conduction is the outcome of complex interactions between cellular electrical activity, electrical cell-to-cell communication, and the cardiac tissue structure. As shown in this review, strong interactions occur among these determinants of electrical impulse propagation. A special form of conduction that underlies many cardiac arrhythmias involves circulating excitation. In this situation, the curvature of the propagating excitation wavefront and the interaction of the wavefront with the repolarization tail of the preceding wave are additional important determinants of impulse propagation. This review attempts to synthesize results from computer simulations and experimental preparations to define mechanisms and biophysical principles that govern normal and abnormal conduction in the heart.
Delayed neuronal death (2000)

A brief, transient episode of cerebral ischemia causes selective loss of CA1 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. Interestingly, it takes 2-3 days for the neuronal damage of CA1 to become morphologically obvious; hence, the term 'delayed neuronal death' was coined to describe this phenomenon. Approximately two decades after it was first recognized, the precise mechanism of delayed neuronal death is not yet fully understood. The most widely supported explanation is the glutamate-Ca2+ theory, in which vulnerability of CA1 neurons is ascribed to their property of neurotransmitters and their receptors. Although this theory explains the early phase of neuronal response to ischemia fairly well, it does not offer a satisfactory explanation for the delayed phase of the process. Excessive accumulation of Ca2+ is observed in CA1 following transient ischemia, but accumulating evidence suggests that additional changes at the molecular level have to follow to completing the dying process, including expression of various apoptosis-related genes. Further studies are, therefore, necessary to elucidate the mechanism of delayed neuronal death which, in turn, may open a new window for the treatment of stroke.
A combined modal-joint space control approach for continuum manipulators (2014)

Continuum manipulators continue to gain popularity due to their ability to operate within difficult to reach environments, and their inherent safety characteristics. However, their flexible nature makes them prone to both steady-state positioning errors and undesirable vibrations. We propose a combined control system incorporating both a tracking position controller to reduce steady-state error, and a modal-space controller to improve the dynamic properties of the manipulator. To this end, we develop a lumped parameter model for use as a modal-space observer. Simulation results based on a planar two-segment manipulator and experimental results from a single-segment manipulator both show marked improvement using our combined approach. The improvements observed in both simulation and experimental results include reduced settling time, higher bandwidth trajectory control capability, and an improved response to external disturbances.
Gal3p and Gal1p interact with the transcriptional repressor Gal80p to form a complex of 1:1 stoichiometry (2002)

The genes encoding the enzymes required for galactose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are controlled at the level of transcription by a genetic switch consisting of three proteins: a transcriptional activator, Gal4p; a transcriptional repressor, Gal80p; and a ligand sensor, Gal3p. The switch is turned on in the presence of two small molecule ligands, galactose and ATP. Gal3p shows a high degree of sequence identity with Gal1p, the yeast galactokinase. We have mapped the interaction between Gal80p and Gal3p, which only occurs in the presence of both ligands, using protease protection experiments and have shown that this involves amino acid residue 331 of Gal80p. Gel-filtration experiments indicate that Gal3p, or the galactokinase Gal1p, interact directly with Gal80p to form a complex with 1:1 stoichiometry.
New Hybrids betweenSaccharomycesSensu Stricto Yeast Species Found among Wine and Cider Production Strains (1998)

Two yeast isolates, a wine-making yeast first identified as a Mel+ strain (ex. S. uvarum) and a cider-making yeast, were characterized for their nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Electrophoretic karyotyping analyses, restriction fragment length polymorphism maps of PCR-amplified MET2 gene fragments, and the sequence analysis of a part of the two MET2 gene alleles found support the notion that these two strains constitute hybrids between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus. The two hybrid strains had completely different restriction patterns of mitochondrial DNA as well as different sequences of the OLI1 gene. The sequence of the OLI1 gene from the wine hybrid strain appeared to be the same as that of the S. cerevisiae gene, whereas the OLI1 gene of the cider hybrid strain is equally divergent from both putative parents, S. bayanus and S. cerevisiae. Some fermentative properties were also examined, and one phenotype was found to reflect the hybrid nature of these two strains. The origin and nature of such hybridization events are discussed.