gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AIDS-Antiviral Sulfolipids From Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Algae) (1989)

A recently developed tetrazolium-based microculture assay was used to screen extracts of cultured cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) for inhibition of the cytopathic effects of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), which is implicated as a causative agent of AIDS. A number of extracts were found to be remarkably active against the AIDS virus. A new class of HIV-1-inhibitory compounds, the sulfonic acid-containing glycolipids, was discovered through the use of the microculture assay to guide the fractionation and purification process. The pure compounds were active against HIV-1 in cultured human lymphoblastoid CEM, MT-2, LDV-7, and C3-44 cell lines in the tetrazolium assay as well as in p24 viral protein and syncytium formation assays.
Binding of Sialyl Lewis X to E-Selectin As Measured by Fluorescence Polarization (1995)

Fluorescence polarization has been used to directly measure the binding of the tetrasaccharide sialyl Lewisx (sLe(x)[Glc], or NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4[Fuc alpha 1-3]Glc) to a soluble form of E-selectin, a member of the class of adhesion molecules that plays an important role in immune-cell response to inflammation. The experiments utilized a fluorescent derivative of sLe(x)[Glc] with fluorescein attached directly to the glucose residue through a beta-glycosidic linkage. The resulting fluorescent sLe(x) was shown to inhibit binding of HL60 cells to immobilized E-selectin and exhibited fluorescence polarization enhancement in the presence of a monovalent form of a recombinant soluble E-selectin-Fc chimera. Thermodynamic dissociation constants of 107 +/- 26 and 120 +/- 31 microM were obtained for the fluorescent sLe(x)[Glc] and the free sLe(x)[Glc] sugars, respectively. These results demonstrate that E-selectin interacts weakly with the minimal carbohydrate recognition determinant sLe(x). Additional binding interactions through the action of the authentic coreceptor or via clustering of the ligand and E-selectin molecules on the respective neutrophil and endothelial cell surfaces may also play a role in the overall cellular binding strength. However, the basic interaction between carbohydrate and protein appears weak, consistent with other carbohydrate-protein interactions studied to date.
Use of the Escherichia coli gene for asparagine synthetase as a selective marker in a shuttle vector capable of dominant transfection and amplification in animal cells (1987)

A new dominant amplifiable selective system for use in bacterium-animal cell shuttle vectors was developed by the insertion of a 2-kilobase genomic fragment containing the cloned Escherichia coli gene for asparagine synthetase (AS) into the pBR322-simian virus 40 recombinant vector pSV2 so as to place the translational initiator codon for the bacterial AS about 1,000 base pairs downstream from the simian virus 40 early promoter. This new construct, pSV2-AS, retains bacterial sequences for transcriptional and translational initiation and so can express AS in bacteria. The construct can also complement AS- mutants of mammalian cells, giving AS+ transfectants capable of growth in medium lacking asparagine, with relatively high efficiency (about 300 colonies per microgram of DNA per 10(6) cells exposed). The vector can be amplified up to 100-fold in such AS+ transfectants by selection in asparagine-free medium containing increasing concentrations of the AS inhibitor beta-aspartyl hydroxamate. AS+ transfectants were found to be much more resistant to a second AS inhibitor, Albizziin, than were normal AS+ animal cell lines. This difference, which may indicate a strong resistance of the bacterial AS enzyme to Albizziin, was exploited to develop an effective selection for bacterial AS transfectants of a number of wild-type AS+ cell lines of rat, Chinese hamster, mouse, and human origin. LR-73 cells, a Chinese hamster AS+ cell line, were transfected with pSV2-AS with an efficiency of about 1,000 colonies per 0.5 microgram of DNA per 10(6) cells. The integrated construct in these cells was amplified by incubation of the transfectants in increasing concentrations of beta-aspartyl hydroxamate. Advantages and disadvantages of this new dominant, selectable, and amplifiable marker over markers commonly used in shuttle vectors are discussed.
Development of the Next Generation of Insulated Gate Bipolar Tranistors based on Trench Technology (1997)

This paper presents preliminary results towards developing the next generation of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors for high voltage applications. Technological issues such as the trench profile, the gate oxide quality, the trench inversion layer mobility and lay-out design are discussed. Optimization of 1.8 kV Trench IGBTs using extensive numerical simulations and physical analysis is carried out. New termination techniques are proposed.
Structural Sustainability Techniques For Rc High Rise Buildings (2010)

Over the early years of the 21st century, cities throughout the Middle East, particularly in the Gulf region have expanded more rapidly than ever before. Given the presence of a large volume of high-rise buildings allover the region, the local authority aims to set a new standard for sustainable development; with an integrated approach to maintain a balance between economy, quality, environmental protection and safety of life. In the very near future, as mandatory requirements, sustainability will be the criteria that should be included in all building projects. It is well known in the building sustainability topics that structural design engineers do not have a key role in this matter. In addition, the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) has looked almost exclusively on the environmental components and materials specifications. The objective of this paper is to focus and establish groundwork for sustainability techniques and applications related to the RC high-rise buildings design, from the structural point of view. A set of recommendations related to local conditions, structural modeling and analysis is given, and some helpful suggestions for structural design team work are addressed. This paper attempts to help structural engineers in identifying the building sustainability design, in order to meet local needs and achieve alternative solutions at an early stage of project design.
Expression of a calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase isoform (PDE1B1) correlates with brain regions having extensive dopaminergic innervation (1994)

Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein phosphorylation plays a central role in neuronal signal transduction. Neurotransmitter-elicited increases in cAMP/cGMP brought about by activation of adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases are downregulated by multiple phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. In brain, the calmodulin (CaM)-dependent isozymes are the major degradative activities and represent a unique point of intersection between the cyclic nucleotide- and calcium (Ca2+)-mediated second messenger systems. Here we describe the distribution of the PDE1B1 (63 kDa) CaM-dependent PDE in mouse brain. An anti-peptide antiserum to this isoform immunoprecipitated approximately 30-40% of cytosolic PDE activity, whereas antiserum to PDE1A2 (61 kDa isoform) removed 60-70%, demonstrating that these isoforms are the major CaM-dependent PDEs in brain. Quantification of PDE1B1 immunoreactivity on immunoblots indicated that striatum contains 3-17-fold higher levels of PDE1B1 than other brain regions, with lowest immunoreactivity in cerebellum. In situ hybridization demonstrated high levels of PDE1B1 mRNA in the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle. Moderate mRNA levels were observed in dentate gyrus, cerebral cortex, medial thalamic nuclei, and brainstem, whereas negligible mRNA was detectable in the globus pallidus, islands of Calleja, substantia nigra, and ventral tegmental area. Immunocytochemistry confirmed that the majority of PDE1B1 protein was localized to the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle. Within the caudate-putamen, PDE1B1 immunoreactivity was ubiquitous, while PDE1A2 immunostaining was restricted to a minor subset of striatal neurons. The expression of PDE1B1 protein and mRNA correlate strongly with areas of the brain that are richest in dopaminergic innervation; indeed, there are strikingly similar distributions for PDE1B1 and D1 dopamine receptor mRNAs. Since D1 receptor binding activates adenylyl cyclase, and striatal neurons lack CaM-sensitive forms of cyclase, the high amount of this PDE implies an important physiological role for Ca(2+)-regulated attenuation of cAMP-dependent signaling pathways following dopaminergic stimulation.
On Preparation of High Permeability Mn-Zn Ferrite (2012)

With the development of electronic information technology, the electronic equipment are required to be smaller, lighter and more reliable, which puts forwards a higher request to the electronic elements with ferrite materials. In this dissertation, high permittivity MnZn ferrite are fabricated by solid state reaction method with Fe2O3,MnOand ZnO as starting raw material.The effects of formulation and sintering technique on the properties of the samples were studied. Finally, the results showed that: the best formula of high permeability Mn-Zn ferrite is Fe2O3: MnO: ZnO = 51:25:24mol%;the best sintering temperature is 1360 °C.
The Effects of Boswellia Resin Extract on Dopaminergic Cell line, SK-N-SH, against MPP+-Induced Neurotoxicity (2011)

Introduction: Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are involved in neurodegeneration procedure in Parkinson’s disease. Recently, neuroprotective potential of Boswellia resin has been demonstrated. Therefore, this study examined whether administration of Boswellia resin would attenuate MPP+- induced neuronal death in SK-N-SH- cell line, a human dopaminergic neurons- in vitro. Methods: Boswellia resin extract was added to culture medium (10μg/ml) before and after exposure of SK-N-SH cell line to MPP+ (1000μM). Cell viability and apoptosis features were assessed using MTT and Hoechst staining, respectively. Results: Treatment with Boswellia resin 2 and 3h prior to MPP ° exposure and up to 60 minutes after MPP ° exposure significantly increased cell viability compare to untreated cells. Apoptotic features were also reduced significantly by Boswellia resin (10 μg/ml) compare to that of control untreated cells. Discussion: Boswellia resin has neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons which can be applicable in Parkinson’s disease.
Dissociation between increased surface expression of gp165/95 and homotypic neutrophil aggregation. (1988)

Whether homotypic neutrophil aggregation depends on the quantitative increase of gp165/95 molecules (Mac 1, CR3) recruited to the cell surface during activation was studied using mAb of the CD11b group that recognize distinct epitopes encoded by the alpha-subunit of this glycoprotein. After the addition of antibody MN41, neutrophils did not aggregate in response to a chemoattractant, FMLP. Blockade of preexisting surface gp165/95 by mAb MN41, followed by removal of the excess antibody from the mixture, was used to show that the molecules of gp165/95 newly expressed in response to stimulation by a chemoattractant were incapable of effectively mediating the induced cell-cell interactions of aggregation. Flow cytometry studies confirmed that binding of unlabeled antibody MN41 did not block further increases in surface expression of gp165/95 after stimulation with FMLP. These data suggest that molecules of gp165/95 exhibit two functionally distinct forms, one, present on the surface of freshly isolated neutrophils, that becomes competent to mediate the aggregation response upon activation by a stimulus and a second form that can be translocated to the cell surface by the stimulus but is greatly diminished if not lacking in the ability to participate in that aggregation event.
Southern‐by‐Sequencing: A Robust Screening Approach for Molecular Characterization of Genetically Modified Crops (2015)

Molecular characterization of events is an integral part of the advancement process during genetically modified (GM) crop product development. Assessment of these events is traditionally accomplished by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analyses. Southern blot analysis can be time-consuming and comparatively expensive and does not provide sequence-level detail. We have developed a sequence-based application, Southern-by-Sequencing (SbS), utilizing sequence capture coupled with next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to replace Southern blot analysis for event selection in a high-throughput molecular characterization environment. SbS is accomplished by hybridizing indexed and pooled whole-genome DNA libraries from GM plants to biotinylated probes designed to target the sequence of transformation plasmids used to generate events within the pool. This sequence capture process enriches the sequence data obtained for targeted regions of interest (transformation plasmid DNA). Taking advantage of the DNA adjacent to the targeted bases (referred to as next-to-target sequence) that accompanies the targeted transformation plasmid sequence, the data analysis detects plasmid-to-genome and plasmid-to-plasmid junctions introduced during insertion into the plant genome. Analysis of these junction sequences provides sequence-level information as to the following: the number of insertion loci including detection of unlinked, independently segregating, small DNA fragments; copy number; rearrangements, truncations, or deletions of the intended insertion DNA; and the presence of transformation plasmid backbone sequences. This molecular evidence from SbS analysis is used to characterize and select GM plants meeting optimal molecular characterization criteria. SbS technology has proven to be a robust event screening tool for use in a high-throughput molecular characterization environment.
Endogenous BDNF is required for long-term memory formation in the rat parietal cortex (2005)

Information storage in the brain is a temporally graded process involving different memory phases as well as different structures in the mammalian brain. Cortical plasticity seems to be essential to store stable long-term memories, although little information is available at the moment regarding molecular and cellular events supporting memory consolidation in the neocortex. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates both short-term synaptic function and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in hippocampal and cortical neurons. We have recently demonstrated that endogenous BDNF in the hippocampus is involved in memory formation. Here we examined the role of BDNF in the parietal cortex (PCx) in short-term (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) formation of a one-trial fear-motivated learning task in rats. Bilateral infusions of function-blocking anti-BDNF antibody into the PCx impaired both STM and LTM retention scores and decreased the phosphorylation state of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). In contrast, intracortical administration of recombinant human BDNF facilitated LTM and increased CREB activation. Moreover, inhibitory avoidance training is associated with a rapid and transient increase in phospho-CREB/total CREB ratio in the PCx. Thus, our results indicate that endogenous BDNF is required for both STM and LTM formation of inhibitory avoidance learning, possibly involving CREB activation-dependent mechanisms. The present data support the idea that early sensory areas constitute important components of the networks subserving memory formation and that information processing in neocortex plays an important role in memory formation.
Clinical Variability in Adult-Onset Acid Maltase Deficiency: Report of Affected Sibs and Review of the Literature (1995)

Acid maltase deficiency (AMD) is a rare cause of muscle disease in adult patients. The present report of 2 sibs and review of 36 previously reported cases illustrates the vast clinical variability in adult-onset AMD. This is 1 of only 3 reports to document tongue weakness and enlargement in an adult with AMD. The presenting signs and symptoms usually include progressive limb weakness, restrictive lung disease, or both. Consistent supportive abnormalities include a modest elevation in serum CK, a reduction in the forced vital capacity, and abnormal spontaneous activity (that is, myotonic discharges or fibrillations) in resting muscles during needle electromyography. The clinical spectrum is also extended to include distal limb weakness, scapular winging, asymmetric muscle weakness, and tongue involvement.
Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis: Comparison with vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor ?, and interleukin-1?-mediated breakdown (1997)

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) induced in Lewis rats by immunization with S-antigen is a model of human uveitis. By using immunocytochemical staining for albumin, relatively minor blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown was initially shown in the peripheral retina 8 days after immunization and in the posterior retina by 10 days. Albumin extravasation appeared to occur by opening of the retinal vascular endothelial (RVE) and the retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) tight junctions, by transendothelial vesicular transport, and by permeating damaged RVE cells. Each of three anti-inflammatory agents reduced or delayed autoimmune-mediated cell destruction but did not eliminate any particular route of extravasation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are intimately associated with the development of EAU and are capable of causing BRB dysfunction. A high percentage of RVE tight junctions appeared open ultrastructurally after intravitreal injection of VEGF (26.7%), TNFα (35.6%), or IL-1β (22.1%) compared with saline-injected control (11.4%) or normal, untreated rabbits (4.1%). Heat treatment abolished the effect of IL-1β on the BRB but only partially reduced the effect of VEGF. By 24 hr after injection, the effect of TNFα had reversed, but that of IL-1β had not; VEGF-mediated BRB dysfunction was partially reversible. In addition, albumin-filled vesicle-like structures were seen in the RVE cytoplasm following treatment with each mediator. This study shows that VEGF, TNFα, and IL-1β each cause BRB breakdown by opening tight junctions between RVE cells and possibly by increasing transendothelial vesicular transport. Each of these agents may contribute to BRB breakdown in EAU and in patients with uveitis. J. Neurosci. Res. 49:268–280, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Anticancer activities ofWithania somnifera: Current research, formulations, and future perspectives (2015)

This herb holds an important place among various anticancer medicinal plants. It is very essential to further screen and to investigate different formulations for anticancer therapy in vitro as well as in vivo in combination with established chemotherapy.
Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes During 6.8 Years of Hormone Therapy (2002)

Lower rates of CHD events among women in the hormone group in the final years of HERS did not persist during additional years of follow-up. After 6.8 years, hormone therapy did not reduce risk of cardiovascular events in women with CHD. Postmenopausal hormone therapy should not be used to reduce risk for CHD events in women with CHD.
Serpin-serine protease binding kinetics: .alpha.2-antiplasmin as a model inhibitor (1991)

We have examined in detail the kinetics of binding of the serpin alpha 2-antiplasmin to the serine proteases alpha-chymotrypsin and plasmin. These represent model systems for serpin binding. We find, in contrast to earlier published results with alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasmin, that binding is reversible, and slow binding kinetics can be observed, under appropriate conditions. Binding follows a two-step process with both enzymes, with the formation of an initial loose complex which then proceeds to a tightly bound complex. In the absence of lysine and analogues, equilibrium between alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasmin is achieved rapidly, with an overall inhibition constant (Ki') of 0.3 pM. In the presence of tranexamic acid or 6-aminohexanoic acid, lysine analogues that mimic the effects of fibrin, plasmin binding kinetics are changed such that equilibrium is reached slowly following a lag phase after mixing of enzyme and inhibitor. The Ki' is also affected, rising to 2 pM in the presence of 6-aminohexanoic acid concentrations above 15 mM. Thus extrapolation to the in vivo situation indicates that complex formation in the presence of fibrin will be delayed, allowing a burst of enzyme activity following plasmin generation, but a tight, pseudoirreversible complex will result eventually. Chymotrypsin is more weakly inhibited by alpha 2-antiplasmin, exhibiting an overall Ki' of 0.1 nM, after two-stage complex formation. The inhibition constant for the initial loose complex (Ki) is very similar for both enzymes. The difference in binding strength between the two enzymes is accounted for by the dissociation rate constant of the second step of complex formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Physiology of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in Anaerobic Glucose-Limited Chemostat Culturesx (1990)

The physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 was studied in anaerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures in a mineral medium supplemented with ergosterol and Tween 80. The organism had a mu max of 0.31 h-1 and a Ks for glucose of 0.55 mM. At a dilution rate of 0.10 h-1, a maximal yield of 0.10 g biomass (g glucose)-1 was observed. The yield steadily declined with increasing dilution rates, so a maintenance coefficient for anaerobic growth could not be estimated At a dilution rate of 0.10 h-1, the yield of the S. cerevisiae strain H1022 was considerably higher than for CBS 8066, despite a similar cell composition. The major difference between the two yeast strains was that S. cerevisiae H1022 did not produce acetate, suggesting that the observed difference in cell yield may be ascribed to an uncoupling effect of acetic acid. The absence of acetate formation in H1022 correlated with a relatively high level of acetyl-CoA synthetase. The uncoupling effect of weak acids on anaerobic growth was confirmed in experiments in which a weak acid (acetate or propionate) was added to the medium feed. This resulted in a reduction in yield and an increase in specific ethanol production. Both yeasts required approximately 35 mg oleic acid (g biomass)-1 for optimal growth. Lower or higher concentrations of this fatty acid, supplied as Tween 80, resulted in uncoupling of dissimilatory and assimilatory processes.
Circular switched monopole arrays for beam steeringwireless communications (1997)

Future mobile communication services which will operate at microwave/millimetre wavelengths require advanced antenna design. The authors here propose circular arrays of monopoles, for beam steering based on electronic switching. They provide appreciable directivity gain, and may allow implementation of angular diversity in communications systems. Satisfactory radiation patterns are computed and measured.