gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines of carbotype 1 Vibrio vulnificus: construction, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in a murine model (1995)

Vibrio vulnificus causes septicemia and wound infections in immunocompromised humans. The capsular polysaccharide of Vibrio vulnificus (VvPS) is critical for virulence. We synthesized conjugate vaccines of carbotype 1 VvPS under conditions and in formulations suitable for human use. Purified VvPS was conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) or to inactivated V. vulnificus cytolysin or elastase by two different schemes. All conjugates elicited elevated anticapsular immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM and antiprotein IgG responses in mice compared with saline placebo. The conjugates prepared through caboxyl activation of VvPS (VvPS-TTa, VvPS-cytolysin, and VvPS-elastase) were more immunogenic than the one prepared through hydroxyl activation (VvPS-TTb). The protective efficacy of conjugated and unconjugated formulations of VvPS and that of protein carriers were evaluated in a mouse septicemia model. Eighty percent of mice actively immunized with VvPS-TTa vaccine survived challenge with carbotype 1 V. vulnificus, while VvPS-cytolysin and VvPS-elastase conjugates conferred 44 and 40% protection, respectively. Control mice immunized with VvPS, cytolysin, or elastase alone, or saline only, showed 70 to 100% mortality. VvPS-TTa vaccine is nontoxic, immunogenic, and protective in mice.
Identification of Epigenetic Aberrant Promoter Methylation in Serum DNA Is Useful for Early Detection of Lung Cancer (2005)

These results suggest that identification of promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes in serum DNA could be useful for early detection of lung cancer.
Identification of phenothiazine derivatives as UHM-binding inhibitors of early spliceosome assembly (2020)

Interactions between U2AF homology motifs (UHMs) and U2AF ligand motifs (ULMs) play a crucial role in early spliceosome assembly in eukaryotic gene regulation. UHM-ULM interactions mediate heterodimerization of the constitutive splicing factors U2AF65 and U2AF35 and between other splicing factors that regulate spliceosome assembly at the 3' splice site, where UHM domains of alternative splicing factors, such as SPF45 and PUF60, contribute to alternative splicing regulation. Here, we performed high-throughput screening using fluorescence polarization assays with hit validation by NMR and identified phenothiazines as general inhibitors of UHM-ULM interactions. NMR studies show that these compounds occupy the tryptophan binding pocket of UHM domains. Co-crystal structures of the inhibitors with the PUF60 UHM domain and medicinal chemistry provide structure-activity-relationships and reveal functional groups important for binding. These inhibitors inhibit early spliceosome assembly on pre-mRNA substrates in vitro. Our data show that spliceosome assembly can be inhibited by targeting UHM-ULM interactions by small molecules, thus extending the toolkit of splicing modulators for structural and biochemical studies of the spliceosome and splicing regulation.
Distributed educational multimedia databases : design, production and application (1998)

Introduction Sub-project &amp;quot;B&amp;quot; of Idylle 1 is concerned with the development of methods for structuring and presenting information in multimedia databases that are intended for educational use. These databases contain learning materials that consist of (combinations of) text, video and audio information, as well as &amp;quot;active objects&amp;quot; such as Java applets and applications or active Authorware objects. The research will focus on developing methods for labeling this learning material in such a way that they can be easily retrieved by a teacher, thus promoting reuse of learning material. 2 Research question The research question that has been defined is: How can the objects (units of learning material) in an educational multimedia database be (visually) labeled so that visually selecting and, after that, configuring learning routes becomes possible? Insight into the problem indicated by this research question can be obtained by exa
Efficiency Enhancement of InP Nanowire Solar Cells by Surface Cleaning (2013)

We demonstrate an efficiency enhancement of an InP nanowire (NW) axial p-n junction solar cell by cleaning the NW surface. NW arrays were grown with in situ HCl etching on an InP substrate patterned by nanoimprint lithography, and the NWs surfaces were cleaned after growth by piranha etching. We find that the postgrowth piranha etching is critical for obtaining a good solar cell performance. With this procedure, a high diode rectification factor of 10(7) is obtained at ±1 V. The resulting NW solar cell exhibits an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.73 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 21 mA/cm(2), and a fill factor (FF) of 0.73 at 1 sun. This yields a power conversion efficiency of up to 11.1% at 1 sun and 10.3% at 12 suns.
CD1d-reactive T-cell activation leads to amelioration of disease caused by diabetogenic encephalomyocarditis virus (2001)

A subset of CD161 (NK1) T cells express an invariant Valpha14Jalpha281 TCR-alpha chain (Valpha(invt) T cells) and produce Th2 and Th1 cytokines rapidly in response to CD1d, but their physiological function(s) remain unclear. We have found that CD1d-reactive T cells mediate to resistance against the acute, cytopathic virus diabetogenic encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV-D) in relatively Th1-biased, C57BL/6-based backgrounds. We show now that these results generalize to Th2-biased, hypersensitive BALB/c mice. CD1d-KO BALB/c mice were more susceptible to EMCV-D. Furthermore, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), a CD1d-presented lipid antigen that specifically activates Valpha(invt) T cells, protected wild-type (WT) mice against EMCV-D-induced encephalitis, myocarditis, and diabetes. In contrast, neither CD1d-KO nor Jalpha281-KO mice were protected by alpha-GALCER: Finally, disease in Jalpha281-KO mice was comparable to WT, indicating for the first time equivalent roles for CD1d-reactive Valpha(invt) and noninvariant T cells in resistance to acute viral infection. A model for how CD1d-reactive T cells can initiate immune responses, which synthesizes current results, is presented.
Body perception disturbance: A contribution to pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) (2007)

In spite of pain in the CRPS limb, clinical observations show patients pay little attention to, and fail to care for, their affected limb as if it were not part of their body. Literature describes this phenomenon in terms of neurological neglect-like symptoms. This qualitative study sought to explore the nature of the phenomenon with a view to providing insights into central mechanisms and the relationship with pain. Twenty-seven participants who met the IASP CRPS classification were interviewed using qualitative methods to explore feelings and perceptions about their affected body parts. These semi-structured interviews were analysed utilising principles of grounded theory. Participants revealed bizarre perceptions about a part of their body and expressed a desperate desire to amputate this part despite the prospect of further pain and functional loss. A mismatch was experienced between the sensation of the limb and how it looked. Anatomical parts of the CRPS limb were erased in mental representations of the affected area. Pain generated a raised consciousness of the limb yet there was a lack of awareness as to its position. These feelings were about the CRPS limb only as the remaining unaffected body was felt to be normal. Findings suggest that there is a complex interaction between pain, disturbances in body perception and central remapping. Clinically, findings support the use of treatments that target cortical areas, which may reduce body perception disturbance and pain. We propose that body perception disturbance is a more appropriate term than 'neglect-like' symptoms to describe this phenomenon.
Enabling technologies for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (N.O.T.E.S) using robotically guided elasticity imaging (2012)

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (N.O.T.E.S) is a minimally invasive surgical technique that could benefit greatly from additional methods for intraoperative detection of tissue malignancies (using elastography) along with more precise control of surgical tools. Ultrasound elastography has proven itself as an invaluable imaging modality. However, elasticity images typically suffer from low contrast when imaging organs from the surface of the body. In addition, the palpation motions needed to generate elastography images useful for identifying clinically significant changes in tissue properties are difficult to produce because they require precise axial displacements along the imaging plane. Improvements in elasticity imaging necessitate an approach that simultaneously removes the need for imaging from the body surface while providing more precise palpation motions. As a first step toward performing N.O.T.E.S in-vivo, we integrated a phased ultrasonic micro-array with a flexible snake-like robot. The integrated system is used to create elastography images of a spherical isoechoic lesion (approximately 5mm in cross-section) in a tissue-mimicking phantom. Images are obtained by performing robotic palpation of the phantom at the location of the lesion.
Digital correction of motion artefacts in microscopy image sequences collected from living animals using rigid and nonrigid registration (2011)

Digital image analysis is a fundamental component of quantitative microscopy. However, intravital microscopy presents many challenges for digital image analysis. In general, microscopy volumes are inherently anisotropic, suffer from decreasing contrast with tissue depth, lack object edge detail and characteristically have low signal levels. Intravital microscopy introduces the additional problem of motion artefacts, resulting from respiratory motion and heartbeat from specimens imaged in vivo. This paper describes an image registration technique for use with sequences of intravital microscopy images collected in time-series or in 3D volumes. Our registration method involves both rigid and nonrigid components. The rigid registration component corrects global image translations, whereas the nonrigid component manipulates a uniform grid of control points defined by B-splines. Each control point is optimized by minimizing a cost function consisting of two parts: a term to define image similarity, and a term to ensure deformation grid smoothness. Experimental results indicate that this approach is promising based on the analysis of several image volumes collected from the kidney, lung and salivary gland of living rodents.
Chemical Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTChemical Analysis by X-Ray DiffractionJ. D. Hanawalt, H. W. Rinn, and L. K. FrevelCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1938, 10, 9, 457–512Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50125a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50125a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4984Altmetric-Citations424LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The effects of individualised intermittent theta burst stimulation in the prefrontal cortex: A TMS‐EEG study (2018)

Recent studies have highlighted variability in response to theta burst stimulation (TBS) in humans. TBS paradigm was originally developed in rodents to mimic gamma bursts coupled with theta rhythms, and was shown to elicit long-term potentiation. The protocol was subsequently adapted for humans using standardised frequencies of stimulation. However, each individual has different rhythmic firing pattern. The present study sought to explore whether individualised intermittent TBS (Ind iTBS) could outperform the effects of two other iTBS variants. Twenty healthy volunteers received iTBS over left prefrontal cortex using 30 Hz at 6 Hz, 50 Hz at 5 Hz, or individualised frequency in separate sessions. Ind iTBS was determined using theta-gamma coupling during the 3-back task. Concurrent use of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) was used to track changes in cortical plasticity. We also utilised mood ratings using a visual analogue scale and assessed working memory via the 3-back task before and after stimulation. No group-level effect was observed following either 30 or 50 Hz iTBS in TMS-EEG. Ind iTBS significantly increased the amplitude of the TMS-evoked P60, and decreased N100 and P200 amplitudes. A significant positive correlation between neurophysiological change and change in mood rating was also observed. Improved accuracy in the 3-back task was observed following both 50 Hz and Ind iTBS conditions. These findings highlight the critical importance of frequency in the parameter space of iTBS. Tailored stimulation parameters appear more efficacious than standard paradigms in neurophysiological and mood changes. This novel approach presents a promising option and benefits may extend to clinical applications.
Blocking the CD40L-CD40 interaction in vivo specifically prevents the priming of T helper 1 cells through the inhibition of interleukin 12 secretion. (1996)

The recent finding that CD40L on activated T cells induces interleukin (IL) 12 secretion in human peripheral blood monocytes in vitro suggests that the CD40L-CD40 interaction may be of importance in the priming of T helper (Th) 1-type T cells. We therefore investigated the in vivo relevance of this interaction in an experimental model for a Th1-mediated disease, the hapten reagent (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid [TNBS])-induced colitis. The administration of anti-gp39 (CD40L) antibodies during the induction phase of the Th1 response prevented interferon gamma production by lamina propria CD4+ T cells and also clinical and histological evidence of disease. In contrast, the secretion of IL-4, a Th2-type cytokine, was increased after anti-gp39 treatment. In further studies we showed that the prevention of disease activity was caused by an inhibition of IL-12 secretion, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the injection of recombinant IL-12 p70 heterodimer into TNBS + anti-gp39-treated mice reversed the effect of anti-gp39 and resulted in severe disease activity. When anti-gp39 was given after the disease was established, no effect on the disease activity was observed. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the CD40L-CD40 interaction is crucial for the in vivo priming of Th1 T cells via the stimulation of IL-12 secretion by antigen-presenting cells (APC).
Molecular random access memory cell (2001)

Electronically programmable memory devices utilizing molecular self-assembled monolayers are reported. The devices exhibit electronically programmable and erasable memory bits compatible with conventional threshold levels and a memory cell applicable to a random access memory is demonstrated. Bit retention times &amp;gt;15 min have been observed.
Purification and Regulatory Properties of the Biosynthetic L-Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli (1969)

Abstract The l-glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD(P) oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.8), referred to as glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, was purified from extracts of Escherichia coli by a combination of chromatographic procedures. The over-all purification was approximately 1000-fold and the yield was about 10%. The elution profile from the final DEAE-Sephadex column and zone electrophoresis indicated that the enzyme preparation was not homogenous. Kinetic studies showed that the enzyme was both stabilized and inhibited by 0.1 to 1.0 m salts, and that l-glycerol 3-phosphate specifically inhibited dihydroxyacetone phosphate reduction. The curve describing the degree of inhibition as a function of l-glycerol 3-phosphate concentration was sigmoid, with 35 µm glycerol 3-phosphate producing 50% inhibition. Michaelis-Menten type kinetics were found with glycerol 3-phosphate, acting as a substrate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, and TPNH. The calculated Km values were 210 µm, 170 µm, and 10 µm, respectively. Glycerol 3-phosphate was a competitive inhibitor with respect to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and an uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to TPNH. The addition of TPNH to the enzyme solution quenched the fluorescence of the protein at 340 mµ and enhanced the TPNH fluorescence at 450 mµ. Glycerol 3-phosphate further enhanced the fluorescence of the TPNH-enzyme complex in the 430 to 440 mµ region. The fluorimetric titration of the TPNH-enzyme complex with glycerol 3-phosphate gave a sigmoid curve with the same characteristics as the inhibition curve. The inhibition of the pyridine nucleotide-linked glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli, whose most likely function is to provide glycerol 3-phosphate for lipid syntheses, could act in the cell as an effective mechanism for the restriction of the pool size of glycerol phosphate.
Image based analysis and modeling of the detailed cardiac ventricular anatomy (2017)

The role of trabeculations and their normal morphological expression in the human heart is still unclear. Clinical studies have shown that excessive trabeculation can cause heart failure due to diastolic and systolic dysfunction, thromboembolism and arrhythmias. Quantifying and modeling those structures could provide us insights into their function, their influence on cardiac performance and also their connection with cardiomyopathies.\n\t\t\t\t The contributions of this thesis can be summarized as follows: 1) a simplified model of the trabeculated left ventricle (LV) to study the impact of trabeculations on stroke volume, strain and pump capacity of the LVs of different geometries, 2) a simple as well as a more elaborate method for geometry independent parametrization of the detailed cardiac left and right ventricular anatomy, 3) a framework for visualization and statistical analysis of the trabeculations, and 4) a longitudinal analysis of the cardiac trabeculations in a mouse embryo at different gestational stages.
Use of phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin for fluorescence resonance energy transfer analyzed by flow cytometry: Advantages and limitations (2002)

We conclude that FRET assays can be carried out easily with commercially available antibodies and flow cytometers to study arrays of multimolecular complexes.
Comparison of prostate secretory protein with prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase as a serum biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring patients with prostate carcinoma (1993)

Serum prostate secretory protein (PSP) levels were measured in 49 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 144 patients with various stages of prostatic carcinoma (CaP), and 82 CaP patients who were followed serially. PSP values were compared with serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). In the BPH group, PSP was elevated (> 10 ng/ml) in 41% of patients, whereas PSA (> 4 ng/ml) and PAP (> 3.3 ng/ml) were elevated in 39% and 23% of the cases, respectively. PSP levels were elevated in 48% of the CaP pretreatment specimens, compared to 79% for PSA and 40% for PAP. PSP levels in cancer patients who had intracapsular disease were about two to three times higher than those observed for PAP. PSP was found to be the only marker elevated in eight (6%) pretreatment CaP patient serum specimens, while PAP was never found to be elevated when PSA was normal. PSP serum concentrations correlated with the clinical course of the disease in 79% of patients, compared with 90% for PSA and 66% for PAP. In certain patients, monitored over time, disease correlation was reflected in serum values with only a single biomarker, i.e., 1% with PAP, 8% with PSP, and 10% with PSA. This study has shown that PSP is a less sensitive serum biomarker than PSA, but more sensitive than PAP for detection and monitoring the early stages of prostate cancer. This suggests that PSP as a biomarker may be a useful adjunct for the management of a subpopulation of low-stage and -grade CaP.
Pseudo Cross-link of Human Hemoglobin with Mono- (3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate (1989)

The reaction of human oxyhemoglobin with mono(3,5-dibromosalicyl)fumarate, produces a derivative specifically acylated at the two lysines beta 82, which can be purified with a 70% yield. The oxygen affinity of this derivative at 37 degrees C at pH 7.4, 0.1 M Cl- is of 12 mm Hg, and is not affected by organic phosphate. In the presence of 5% CO2, the oxygen affinity decreases to 25 mm Hg. In all cases the cooperativity is lowered, with a value of n in the Hill plots near 2. Sedimentation velocity measurements indicate that, contrary to normal hemoglobin, this derivative fails to dissociate into dimers upon exposure to pH 5.5. The stability of the tetrameric structure is probably due to a modification of the beta-beta interface, resulting from electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions introduced in the beta cleft by the fumaryl residues. These new interactions are probably the origin of a new reverse Bohr effect group at alkaline pH. Consistent with the stabilization of the tetrameric structure, the half-time of retention of this compound in the rat is increased 4-fold with respect to that of normal hemoglobin. These characteristics cast a favorable light on the usage of this compound as an oxygen carrier in transfusional and perfusional fluids.
Analysis of Biological Sequences on Small Computers (1984)

We review a wide range of programs for micro- and minicomputers that facilitate the collection and analysis of DNA, RNA, or protein sequences. Special-purpose programs that perform a single function and general-purpose programs that perform a set of functions are both considered. The information presented should be useful to any biologist who wishes to obtain a computer program to aid in sequence investigations.
Leucine Supplementation Protects from Insulin Resistance by Regulating Adiposity Levels (2013)

These findings suggest that leucine improves insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed mice by primarily decreasing adiposity, rather than directly acting on peripheral target organs. However, beneficial effects of leucine on intestinal gluconeogenesis and islets of Langerhans's physiology might help prevent type 2 diabetes development. Differently, metabolic benefit of leucine supplementation is lacking in already obese animals, a phenomenon possibly related to the extent of the obesity before starting the supplementation.