gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and optimization of on‐line 2‐dimensional chromatographic approaches for eliminating matrix effects and improving bioanalysis of peptides in human plasma using UHPLC‐MS/MS (2013)

Online 2-dimensional chromatographic approaches for eliminating matrix effects and optimizing bioanalysis of peptides using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) were studied. Three therapeutic peptides (octreotide, desmopressin, and vasopressin) were selected as model analytes. Human plasma was precipitated with acetonitrile; peptides were analyzed on C(8), C(18), Phenyl and HILIC ACQUITY UPLC columns. For simpler online clean-up applications, a C(18) pre-column was coupled to the analytical column via a switching valve. For more complex heart-cutting applications, two analytical columns were used with optional online dilution to refocus the analyte peaks prior to the second dimension separation. This allows the use of MS incompatible mobile phases, such as TFA, in the first dimension separation. Online clean-up effectiveness was investigated by monitoring phospholipids. Flushing direction, mobile phase composition, flow rate and transfer window were evaluated. Phospholipids were readily retained on reversed-phase columns, and the peptides were reproducibly transferred, individually or as a group, to the second column using appropriate transfer windows. The best peak shapes were obtained when the second dimension column was more retentive (e.g. C(18) vs. C(8)). However, C(8) to HILIC gave broad unresolved peaks due to mobile phase mismatch. Trapped phospholipids were efficiently removed from either guard columns or first dimensional columns by forward- or back-flushing at high flows; however, back-flushing was more efficient with lower flow rates on larger columns.
Crystal Adherence to Urinary Catheter Materials in Rats (1994)

Crystal adherence to the surfaces of indwelling urinary catheter materials was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence method. Small sterile disks were inserted into the rat bladder transvesically. Crystals were frequently associated with fibrillar material, some of which was believed to be fibrin. Increases in fibrillar materials were paralleled by increases in crystal adherence. On the other hand, a decrease in the amount of fibrin adhering to the surfaces of heparinized material, resulting in a decrease in the quantity of encrusting deposits on these materials, was found as compared with other catheter materials, including latex, silicone and nonheparinized material. These findings suggest that early adherence of fibrin to the surfaces of indwelling urinary catheter materials plays an important role in the development of crystal adherence and encrustation on catheter materials. It is also suggested that heparin inhibits the adherence of fibrin, resulting in decreased encrustation on the surfaces of the heparinized material.
Intraarticular gene delivery of CTLA4-FasL suppresses experimental arthritis (2012)

T lymphocytes are key inflammatory cells contributing significantly to the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Biological treatments targeting T lymphocytes may provide an efficient approach for treatment of RA. CTLA4-FasL, a fusion product of extracellular domains of CTLA4 and FasL, integrating two inhibitory elements against T cells into one molecule, might be a desirable derivative of engineered soluble FasL or CTLA4 and have therapeutic potential in RA. The aim of this study was to investigate whether simultaneous induction of Fas-mediated apoptosis and blockade of co-stimulation signal by CTLA4-FasL gene delivery has a suppressive effect on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in Lewis rats. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors encoding rat CTLA4-FasL fusion gene (rAAV.CTLA4-FasL) or enhanced green fluorescent protein (rAAV.EGFP) were injected intraarticularly into both ankle joints after immunization. The ankles were monitored by measures of clinical, histological and inflammatory cytokines' changes. Treatment using rAAV.CTLA4-FasL resulted in a significant suppression of AIA compared with rAAV.EGFP control, as reflected in the mainly clinical signs including articular index, ankle joint thickness and paw swelling and typically histological characters of arthritic joints including synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory cells infiltration and cartilage degradation. Treatment with rAAV.CTLA4-FasL also significantly decreased the levels of key proinflammatory cytokines in AIA joints. Moreover, local productions of transgene mRNA and protein of CTLA4-FasL were found in injected joints without systemic distribution. Our results indicate that rAAV.CTLA4-FasL profoundly suppressed experimental model of RA, implicating the potential therapeutic applications for suppression of RA by local joint delivery of CTLA4-FasL.
Nomogram for Overall Survival of Patients With Progressive Metastatic Prostate Cancer After Castration (2002)

A nomogram derived from pretreatment parameters that are measured on a routine basis was constructed. It can be used to predict the median, 1-year, and 2-year survival of patients with progressive castrate metastatic disease with reasonable accuracy. The information is useful to assess prognosis, guide treatment selection, and design clinical trials.
Positioning Lipid Membrane Domains in Giant Vesicles by Micro-organization of Aqueous Cytoplasm Mimic (2008)

We report localization of lipid membrane microdomains to specific "poles" of asymmetric giant vesicles (GVs) in response to local internal composition. Interior aqueous microdomains were generated in a simple model cytoplasm composed of a poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG)/dextran aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) encapsulated in the vesicles. The GV membrane composition used here was a modification of a DOPC/DPPC/cholesterol mixture known to form micrometer-scale liquid ordered and liquid disordered domains; we added lipids with PEG 2000 Da-modified headgroups. Osmotically induced budding of the ATPS-containing GVs led to structures where the PEG-rich and dextran-rich interior aqueous phases were in contact with different regions of the vesicle membrane. Liquid ordered (L o) membrane domains rich in PEG-terminated lipids preferentially coated the PEG-rich aqueous phase vesicle "body", while coexisting liquid disordered (L d) membrane domains coated the dextran-rich aqueous phase "bud". Membrane domain positioning resulted from interactions between lipid headgroups and the interior aqueous polymer solutions, e.g., PEGylated headgroups with PEG and dextran polymers. Heating resulted first in patchy membranes where L o and L d domains no longer showed any preference for coating the PEG-rich vs dextran-rich interior aqueous volumes, and eventually complete lipid mixing. Upon cooling lipid domains again coated their preferred interior aqueous microvolume. This work shows that nonspecific interactions between interior aqueous contents and the membrane that encapsulates them can drive local chemical heterogeneity, and offers a primitive experimental model for membrane and cytoplasmic polarity in biological cells.
RETRACTED: Proanthocyanidins from grape seeds inhibit expression of matrix metalloproteinases in human prostate carcinoma cells, which is associated with the inhibition of activation of MAPK and NFκB (2004)

Prostate cancer (PCA) is the second most frequently diagnosed and leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the USA. The recognition that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) facilitate tumor cell invasion and metastasis of PCA has led to the development of MMP inhibitors as cancer therapeutic agents. As part of our efforts to develop newer and effective chemopreventive agents for PCA, we evaluated the effect of proanthocyanidins from grape seeds (GSP) on metastasis-specific MMP-2 and -9 in human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells by employing western blot and gelatinolytic zymography. Treatment of GSP dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation (15-100% by 5-80 microg/ml of GSP), viability (30-80% by 20-80 microg/ml of GSP) and fibroblast conditioned medium (FCM)-induced expression of MMP-2 and -9 in DU145 cells. Since the signaling cascade of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) have been shown to regulate the expression of MMPs in tumor cells, we found that the treatment of DU145 cells with GSP (20-80 microg/ml) resulted in marked inhibition of FCM-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and p38 but had little effect on c-Jun N-terminal kinase under similar experimental conditions. GSP treatment (20-80 microg/ml) to DU145 cells also dose-dependently inhibited FCM-induced activation of NF kappa B concomitantly with inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 expression in the same system. Additionally, the treatment of inhibitors of MEK (PD98059) and p38 (SB203580) to DU145 cells resulted in the reduction of FCM-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 concomitantly marked reduction in MMP-2 and -9 expressions. In further studies, treatment of androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells with a synthetic androgen R1881, resulted in an increase of MMP-2 and -9, which were completely abrogated in the presence of GSP (20-60 microg/ml). These data suggest that inhibition of metastasis-specific MMPs in tumor cells by GSP is associated with the inhibition of activation of MAPK and NF kappa B pathways, and thus provides the molecular basis for the development of GSP as a novel chemopreventive agent for both androgen-sensitive and -insensitive prostate cancer therapies.
Imaging β-amyloid burden in aging and dementia (2007)

Pittsburgh Compound B PET findings match histopathologic reports of beta-amyloid (Abeta) distribution in aging and dementia. Noninvasive longitudinal studies to better understand the role of amyloid deposition in the course of neurodegeneration and to determine if Abeta deposition in nondemented subjects is preclinical AD are now feasible. Our findings also suggest that Abeta may influence the development of dementia with Lewy bodies, and therefore strategies to reduce Abeta may benefit this condition.
Theory of Nanometric Optical Tweezers (1997)

We propose a scheme for optical trapping and alignment of dielectric particles in aqueous environments at the nanometer scale. The scheme is based on the highly enhanced electric field close to a laser-illuminated metal tip and the strong mechanical forces and torque associated with these fields. We obtain a rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic fields near the tip and calculate the trapping potentials for a dielectric particle beyond the Rayleigh approximation. The results indicate the feasibility of the scheme.
Oxidants, antioxidants and the pathogenesis of emphysema. (1985)

Emphysema is a chronic pulmonary disorder characterized by a permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles consequent to destruction of the alveolar walls, including the epithelial and endothelial cells and the connective tissue matrix. There is increasing evidence that an imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants in the lower respiratory tract contributes to this process. Oxidants such as O2-., H2O2, OH, OCl- are generated in the lower respiratory tract as a result of normal biochemical processes, activation of inflammatory cells and inhaled toxic gases. Under normal circumstances, the parenchymal cells are protected by intracellular antioxidants and membrane radical scavengers. In addition, the fluid lining the epithelial surface contains a catalase-like antioxidant that protects the epithelial cells from oxidants. If the oxidant burden overcomes these defenses, the parenchymal cells may be injured, the connective tissue matrix may be partially degraded, the antiprotease screen that protects the lower respiratory tract from attack by neutrophil elastase may be rendered impotent. The alveolar wall then becomes highly vulnerable to elastolytic attack, with a complete destruction of the interstitial connective tissue matrix. In this regard, it is reasonable to hypothesize that reestablishment of the oxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the antioxidants would be useful as a therapeutic strategy to suppress the emphysematous process.
Normal myogenic cells from newborn mice restore normal histology to degenerating muscles of the mdx mouse. (1990)

Dystrophin deficiency in skeletal muscle of the x-linked dystrophic (mdx) mouse can be partially remedied by implantation of normal muscle precursor cells (mpc) (Partridge, T. A., J. E. Morgan, G. R. Coulton, E. P. Hoffman, and L. M. Kunkel. 1989. Nature (Lond.). 337:176-179). However, it is difficult to determine whether this biochemical "rescue" results in any improvement in the structure or function of the treated muscle, because the vigorous regeneration of mdx muscle more than compensates for the degeneration (Coulton, G. R., N. A. Curtin, J. E. Morgan, and T. A. Partridge. 1988. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 14:299-314). By using x-ray irradiation to prevent mpc proliferation, it is possible to study loss of mdx muscle fibers without the complicating effect of simultaneous fiber regeneration. Thus, improvements in fiber survival resulting from any potential therapy can be detected easily (Wakeford, S., D. J. Watt, and T. A. Patridge. 1990. Muscle & Nerve.) Here, we have implanted normal mpc, obtained from newborn mice, into such preirradiated mdx muscles, finding that it is far more extensively permeated and replaced by implanted mpc than is nonirradiated mdx muscle; this is evident both from analysis of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase isoenzyme markers and from immunoblots and immunostaining of dystrophin in the treated muscles. Incorporation of normal mpc markedly reduces the loss of muscle fibers and the deterioration of muscle structure which otherwise occurs in irradiated mdx muscles. Surprisingly, the regenerated fibers are largely peripherally nucleated, whereas regenerated mouse skeletal muscle fibers are normally centrally nucleated. We attribute this regeneration of apparently normal muscle to the tendency of newborn mouse mpc to recapitulate their neonatal ontogeny, even when grafted into 3-wk-old degenerating muscle.
Aminoalkohole, III. Nor‐olea‐12‐enol‐17‐amin und Olea‐12‐enol‐28‐amin (1958)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der Oleanolsäure lassen sich Aminoalkohole der Triterpenreihe darstellen, deren Struktur durch Abbau zu bekannten Verbindungen festgelegt wird.
Human plastin genes. Comparative gene structure, chromosome location, and differential expression in normal and neoplastic cells. (1993)

Plastins are a family of actin-binding proteins that are conserved throughout eukaryote evolution and expressed in most tissues of higher eukaryotes. In humans, two ubiquitous plastin isoforms (L and T) have been identified. The L isoform is expressed only in hemopoietic cell lineages, while the T isoform has been found in all other normal cells of solid tissues that have replicative potential (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, melanocytes, etc.). However, L-plastin has been found in many types of malignant human cells of non-hemopoietic origin suggesting that its expression is induced accompanying tumorigenesis in solid tissues. To learn more about the nature of plastin genes and their potential role in malignancy, the L- and T- plastin genes were cloned and sequenced to characterize their structure and mechanisms of regulation of expression. Each gene was found to be approximately 90 kilobases in size and was composed of 16 exons. All exon-intron junction sequences were identified and shown to conform to the canonical junction sequences. It was evident from their similar structure and coding homology that the two plastin genes have diverged from a common ancestor gene. L- and T-plastin genes were also mapped to chromosomes 13 and X, respectively, using polymerase chain reaction amplification with isoform-specific probes. An expanded survey of normal cell types and 50 tumor cell lines, demonstrated that 68% of carcinomas and 53% of other solid tumors of nonepithelial origin exhibited L-plastin expression, whereas the normal stem cell progenitors did not. Fibrosarcomas (n = 4), ovarian carcinomas (n = 9), breast carcinomas (n = 4), and choriocarcinomas (n = 2) combined exhibited the highest frequency and levels of L-plastin expression (95% frequency). In addition, 4 tumor cell lines that were L-plastin-negative exhibited evidence of defective T-plastin expression increasing the apparent co-incidence of plastin abnormalities associated with human tumorigenesis to 71%. Evidence is presented in support of a trans-activation mechanism for activation of L-plastin synthesis accompanying tumorigenesis. The induction of L-plastin expression accompanying SV40-mediated transformation of human embryonic lung MRC-5 fibroblasts was also confirmed. Finally, we present evidence that fimbrin is a third distinct plastin isoform which is specifically expressed at high levels in the small intestine.
Association of Fibrinogen With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in the Framingham Offspring Population (2000)

Fibrinogen was associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Elevation of fibrinogen may provide a mechanism for risk factors to exert their effect. Also, fibrinogen levels were higher among subjects with cardiovascular disease compared with those without disease. The immunoprecipitation test showed a stronger association with cardiovascular disease than the Clauss method, suggesting that it may be a useful screening tool to identify individuals at increased thrombotic risk.
Antibody purification with ion-exchange chromatography (2008)

In this thesis a detailed characterization of the behavior of a polyclonal IgG on a preparative strong cation exchanger is discussed. The polyclonal mixture is studied using chromatographic and non chromatographic methods. The study showed that the mixture is composed by a very large number of components with different isoelectric points and, therefore, can be separated by ion-exchange chromatography. The adsorption of the polyclonal mixture is studied using different approaches. First, the mixture is simplified by lumping the different components of the IgG into two ”macro-components”, referred to as pseudo-variants in the following. An analytical method for the determination of the concentrations of the two pseudo-variants is developed. Based on this, the mass transport and the adsorption isotherm parameters are determined experimentally using only well known sort-cut methods. This analysis is evidencing the difficulty of the determination of these parameters for proteins. The mass transport is very limited and the isotherm strongly dependent on the operating conditions. In a second approach, the adsorption is characterized using a detailed multi-component pore model, while still considering two pseudo-variants only. This model is explicit in all transport parameters and includes salt dependent isotherms. Linear gradient experiments are used to fit the salt dependent adsorption isotherms and the mass transport parameters for the two pseudo-variants. Using the model, breakthrough curves are predicted with good accuracy. The model is also implemented to visualize the axial and radial concentration profiles of the two pseudo-variants in the column. The mixture simplification with only two components was, in some cases, not able to reproduce the mixture profile. Therefore a more precise approach is used. The mixture is approximated with a larger number of pseudo-variants. An analytical protocol is proposed, which is able to differentiate between the pseudo-variants without the need of complete resolution on an analytical column. Gradient elution experiments are used to fit the adsorption parameters and breakthrough curves for the six components are predicted using the model.
Solid state NMR studies of oligourea foldamers: Interaction of 15N-labelled amphiphilic helices with oriented lipid membranes (2011)

Synthetic oligomers that are derived from natural polypeptide sequences, albeit with unnatural building blocks, have attracted considerable interest in mimicking bioactive peptides and proteins. Many of those compounds adopt stable folds in aqueous environments that resemble protein structural elements. Here we have chemically prepared aliphatic oligoureas and labeled them at selected positions with (15)N for structural investigations using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. In the first step, the main tensor elements and the molecular alignment of the (15)N chemical shift tensor were analyzed. This was possible by using a two-dimensional heteronuclear chemical shift/dipolar coupling correlation experiment on a model compound that represents the chemical, and thereby also the chemical shift characteristics, of the urea bond. In the next step (15)N labeled versions of an amphipathic oligourea, that exert potent antimicrobial activities and that adopt stable helical structures in aqueous environments, were prepared. These compounds were reconstituted into oriented phospholipid bilayers and the (15)N chemical shift and (1)H-(15)N dipolar couplings of two labeled sites were determined by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The data are indicative of an alignment of this helix parallel to the membrane surface in excellent agreement with the amphipathic character of the foldamer and consistent with previous models explaining the antimicrobial activities of α-peptides.
10 Minute Guide to Lotus Notes (1995)

From the Publisher:
10 minutes is all you need to learn how to send and receive e-mail, work with the calendar to schedule group appointment, create your very own database and documents, learn advanced editing techniques, customize Notes to work the way you work, and work remotely with Notes.
Acetaldehyde from Ethylene—A Retrospective on the Discovery of the Wacker Process (2009)

The Wacker oxidation for the conversion of ethylene into acetaldehyde is one of the most important processes in the chemical industry. This year marks the 50th anniversary of the first publication on this process in Angewandte Chemie—an occasion for a retrospective from one of the original authors, Reinhard Jira.
Frequent loss of imprinting of the H19 gene is often associated with its overexpression in human lung cancers. (1995)

Accumulating evidence suggests that deregulation of the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) and H19 genes at 11p15, due to loss of imprinting (LOI), plays a role in the oncogenesis of Wilms' tumors. We previously reported LOI of IGF2 in carcinomas of the lung, a common cancer of adults. We show here that LOI of H19 is also a frequent event in lung cancer development, and correlated with hypomethylation of the promoter region. Furthermore, the present study also revealed that overexpression of H19 is often associated with LOI of H19 in lung cancers retaining both parental alleles, showing a contrast to LOI in Wilms' tumors. Interestingly, in contrast to frequent LOI of the imprinted genes at 11p15, LOI was not observed for the remaining gene known to be imprinted in man, SNRPN at 15q12.