gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2) promotes lymphocyte transendothelial migration (2002)

The molecular mechanisms underlying lymphocyte extravasation remain poorly characterized. We have recently identified junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2), and have shown that antibodies to JAM-2 stain high endothelial venules (HEVs) within lymph nodes and Peyer patches of adult mice. Here we show that mouse lymphocytes migrate in greater numbers across monolayers of endothelioma cells transfected with JAM-2. The significance of these findings to an understanding of both normal and pathologic lymphocyte extravasation prompted us to clone the human homologue of JAM-2. We herein demonstrate that an anti-JAM-2 antibody, or a soluble JAM-2 molecule, blocks the transmigration of primary human peripheral blood leukocytes across human umbilical vein endothelial cells expressing endogenous JAM-2. Furthermore, we show that JAM-2 is expressed on HEVs in human tonsil and on a subset of human leukocytes, suggesting that JAM-2 plays a central role in the regulation of transendothelial migration.
PURIFICATION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GROUP C STREPTOCOCCAL PHAGE-ASSOCIATED LYSIN (1971)

A purification procedure for the Group C phage-associated lysin is described utilizing tetrathionate to protect the enzyme's -SH group(s) from thiol-inactivating agents. A 652-fold purification has been accomplished yielding a solution in which the enzyme activity corresponds to essentially a single band on polyacrylamide gel which accounts for 70% of the total protein in the preparation. A molecular weight of 101,000 and frictional ratio of 1.526 was determined for the lysin utilizing experimentally determined values for its Stokes radius and sedimentation coefficient.
Amino Acid Sequence of a Purothionin Homolog from Barley Flour (1980)

A purothionin homolog was isolated from barley flour and purified by CM-52 column chromatography. It showed potent lethal activity towards brewer's yeast and its complete amino acid sequence was determined to be as follows. Lys-Ser-Cys-Cys-Arg-Ser-Thr-Leu-Gly-Arg-Asn-Cys-Tyr-Asn-Leu-Cys-Arg-Val-Arg-Gly-Ala-Gln-Lys-Leu-Cys-Ala-Gly-Val-Cys-Arg-Cys-Lys-Leu-Thr-Ser-Ser-Gly-Lys-Cys-Pro-Thr-Gly-Phe-Pro-Lys. It thus consists of 45 amino acid residues with 8 cysteines. The number of amino acid residues and the positions of the 8 cysteines are identical with those of wheat purothionins. There is a high degree of homology in the primary structures of these proteins.
A Viewpoint Invariant Approach for Crowd Counting (2006)

This paper describes a viewpoint invariant learningbased method for counting people in crowds from a single camera. Our method takes into account feature normalization to deal with perspective projection and different camera orientation. The training features include edge orientation and blob size histograms resulted from edge detection and background subtraction. A density map that measures the relative size of individuals and a global scale measuring camera orientation are estimated and used for feature normalization. The relationship between the feature histograms and the number of pedestrians in the crowds is learned from labeled training data. Experimental results from different sites with different camera orientation demonstrate the performance and the potential of our method.
A matter of life and death: cardiac myocyte apoptosis and regeneration (2003)

It is also important to note that the proapoptotic Vpr protein is not the only viral mitochondrion-targeted protein to be identified as a virulence factor (9). It will be interesting to learn which other viruses produce similar mitochondrion-targeted, apoptosisregulatory, disease-relevant proteins, all of which could constitute promising pharmacological targets.
Thermal Treatment of Active Carbons: a Comparison Between Microwave and Electrical Hating (1999)

Two commercial activated carbons were subjected to thermal treatment in a N2 atmosphere using a microwave multimode resonant cavity and a conventional electric tube furnace as heat sources. The temperature of the carbon bed during the microwave treatment was monitored using an infrared pyrometer and an Inconel sheltered type-K thermocouple. A comparison between both methods of measuring temperature was made. When similar treatment temperatures are used, both techniques produce similar changes in the textural and chemical properties of the activated carbons. However, microwave treatment is much less time-consuming than conventional heating. Microwave treatment in an inert environment seems to be an efficient and attractive way of removing oxygenated functionalities from carbon surfaces and of increasing the hydrophobicity and basicity of carbons.
Percent-Predicted 6-Minute Walk Distance in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy to Account for Maturational Influences (2012)

We recently described a modified version of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) based partly on the American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines. This measure has shown reliability, validity and utility as a primary outcome measure in DMD clinical trials. Because loss of muscle function in DMD occurs against the background of normal childhood growth and development, younger children with DMD can show increase in distance walked during 6MWT over ~1 year despite progressive muscular impairment. In this study, we compare 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) data from DMD boys (n=17) and typically developing control subjects (n=22) to existing normative data from age- and sex-matched children and adolescents. An age- and height-based equation fitted to normative data by Geiger and colleagues was used to convert 6MWD to a percent-predicted (%-predicted) value in boys with DMD. Analysis of %-predicted 6MWD data represents a method to account for normal growth and development, and shows that gains in function at early ages represents stable rather than improving abilities in boys with DMD. Boys with DMD from 4-7 years of age maintain a stable 6MWD approximately 80% of that of typically developing peers, with the deficit progressing at a variable rate thereafter.
High-Resolution Structure of a β-Peptide Bundle (2007)

We recently reported that β-peptides can form discrete hetero-oligomers in aqueous solution. Here we describe the structure of such an oligomer as determined by X-ray crystallography. The structure of Zwit-1F reveals a homo-octamer of two cupped “hands” composed of both parallel and antiparallel 314-helices. The core of the assembly is composed entirely of solvent-excluded β3-homoleucine residues. The Zwit-1F assembly shares many of the physical characteristics of natural proteins.
Application of inkjet printing to tissue engineering (2006)

Recent advances in organ printing technology for applications relating to medical interventions and organ replacement are described. Organ printing refers to the placement of various cell types into a soft scaffold fabricated according to a computer-aided design template using a single device. Computer aided scaffold topology design has recently gained attention as a viable option to achieve function and mass transport requirements within tissue engineering scaffolds. An exciting advance pioneered in our laboratory is that of simultaneous printing of cells and biomaterials, which allows precise placement of cells and proteins within 3-D hydrogel structures. This advance raises the possibility of spatially controlling not only the scaffold structure, but also the type of tissue that can be grown within the scaffold and the thickness of the tissue as capillaries and vessels could be constructed within the scaffolds. Here we summarize recent advances in printing cells and materials using the same device.
Disorders of mitochondrial fatty acyl‐CoA β‐oxidation (1999)

In recent years tremendous progress has been made with respect to the enzymology of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation machinery and defects therein. Firstly, a number of new mitochondrial beta-oxidation enzymes have been identified, including very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP). Secondly, the introduction of tandem MS for the analysis of plasma acylcarnitines has greatly facilitated the identification of patients with a defect in fatty acid oxidation (FAO). These two developments explain why the number of defined FAO disorders has increased dramatically, making FAO disorders the most rapidly growing group of inborn errors of metabolism. In this review we describe the current state of knowledge of the enzymes involved in the mitochondrial oxidation of straight-chain, branched-chain and (poly)unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs as well as disorders of fatty acid oxidation. The laboratory diagnosis of these disorders is described, with particular emphasis on the methods used to identify the underlying enzyme defect and the molecular mutations. In addition, a simple flowchart is presented as a guide to the identification of mitochondrial FAO-disorders. Finally, treatment strategies are discussed briefly.
Introduction (2009)

Most histories of France begin with a reflexion on the themes of unity and diversity, and sadly this one is no different. Diversity is ever-present in the late medieval kingdom, in landscape and language, climate or custom — so much so that most scholars of the period would align themselves with Hervé Le Bras and Emmanuel Todd, whose study of a vast number of features in French life in later times concluded that ‘by rights, France should not exist’: it had to be ‘invented’.1 If so, the ‘invention of France’ was most likely to occur around the function and dignity of the king (or, as some were already putting it in the thirteenth century, the status regis, the king’s state). After all, the monarchy was ultimately ‘the sole symbol of unity in the kingdom, far above the many communities it ruled.’2
Electromagnetic scattering by an aggregate of spheres (1995)

We present a comprehensive solution to the classical problem of electromagnetic scattering by aggregates of an arbitrary number of arbitrarily configured spheres that are isotropic and homogeneous but may be of different size and composition. The profile of incident electromagnetic waves is arbitrary. The analysis is based on the framework of the Mie theory for a single sphere and the existing addition theorems for spherical vector wave functions. The classic Mie theory is generalized. Applying the extended Mie theory to all the spherical constituents in an aggregate simultaneously leads to a set of coupled linear equations in the unknown interactive coefficients. We propose an asymptotic iteration technique to solve for these coefficients. The total scattered field of the entire ensemble is constructed with the interactive scattering coefficients by the use of the translational addition theorem a second time. Rigorous analytical expressions are derived for the cross sections in a general case and for all the elements of the amplitude-scattering matrix in a special case of a plane-incident wave propagating along the z axis. As an illustration, we present some of our preliminary numerical results and compare them with previously published laboratory scattering measurements.
Phase-matchable nonlinear optical interactions in periodic thin films (1972)

A proposal for a new method of phase matching in nonlinear optical interactions is made. A periodic perturbation of the surface of a thin-film waveguide generates space harmonics with new propagation constants which can be phase matched. An analysis of this proposal shows it to be particularly interesting for a class of thin-film nonlinear devices using the cubic optically isotropic semiconductors (such as GaAs, GaP, etc.) which possess high nonlinear optical coefficients but are not phase matchable by the conventional birefringent techniques.
The catabolism of branched-chain amino acids occurs via 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1992)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.4) similar to that found in mammalian cells. The activity is readily detected in cells which have been cultured in a minimal medium containing a branched-chain amino acid. Mutants defective in lipoamide dehydrogenase also lack 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase and are thus unable to catabolize branched-chain amino acids: 2-oxoacids accumulate in the cultures of these cells. The 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase activity is distinct from both 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase, because it could not be detected in assay conditions which permitted the measurement of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and vice versa. In addition, a strain lacking 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (kgd1::URA3) retained 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase as did a mutant specifically lacking pyruvate dehydrogenase (pda1::Tn5ble). In complex media the specific activity of this enzyme is highest in YEP (yeast extract-peptone)-glycerol and lowest in YEP-acetate and YEP-fructose. 2-Oxoacid dehydrogenase could not be detected in cells which had been transferred to sporulation medium. These results suggest that in S. cerevisiae the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids occurs via 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase, not via the 'Ehrlich Pathway'.
OA&M for the GSM network (1997)

This article provides a road map to understand the GSM operation, administration, and maintenance (OA&M) management. We describe, how the telecommunication management network (TMN) concept is applied to the GSM OA&M. The home location registration and call recording management are used as examples to illustrate how GSM OA&M functions can be implemented under the TMN platform.
Cellulase of Neurospora crassa (1977)

Mycelia and ungerminated conidia of Neurospora crassa were found to secrete extracellular endocellulase (EC 3.2.1.4). A simple induction system of potassium phosphate buffer (ph 6.0) plus inducer relied on the internal metabolic reserves of conicia or mycelia to provide energy and substrates for protein synthesis. Buffer concentration for optimum enzyme production was 100 mM, but at higher buffer concentrations enzyme production was inhibited. Cellobiose was clearly the best inducer, with an optimum effect from 0.05 to 1 mM. In deionized water, cellulase remained mostly associated with the cell, but a variety of salts stimulated the release of cellulase into the medium.
Inhibition of the EGF-Activated MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway by Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate (1993)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases p42mapk and p44mapk are activated in cells stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and other agents. A principal pathway for MAP kinase (MAPK) activation by EGF consists of sequential activations of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos, the guanosine triphosphate binding protein Ras, and the protein kinases Raf-1, MAPK kinase (MKK), and MAPK. Because adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) does not activate MAPK and has some opposing physiologic effects, the effect of increasing intracellular concentrations of cAMP with forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine on the EGF-stimulated MAPK pathway was studied. Increased concentrations of cAMP blocked activation of Raf-1, MKK, and MAPK in Rat1hER fibroblasts, accompanied by a threefold increase in Raf-1 phosphorylation on serine 43 in the regulatory domain. Phosphorylation of Raf-1 in vitro and in vivo reduces the apparent affinity with which it binds to Ras and may contribute to the blockade by cAMP.
New Ways of Initiating Translation in Eukaryotes? (2001)

Three interesting ideas about the initiation of translation in eukaryotes have recently emerged in the literature. One is the possibility that internal initiation of translation might occur not only with viral but also with some cellular mRNAs. The second is the possibility of initiating translation without Met-tRNA. The third concerns circumstances under which base pairing might occur between mRNA and rRNA. These ideas, if upheld, would significantly expand our understanding of how eukaryotic ribosomes function. As detailed below, however, there are serious deficiencies in the supporting evidence. Understanding how the present studies fall short might facilitate the design of experiments that are more convincing.
Horseradish peroxidase and microperoxidase. Their purity and binding to serum proteins. (1981)

Buffer solutions of commercially available batches of the electron microscopic enzyme tracers, horseradish peroxidase (HRP, mol wt = 40,000) and microperoxidase (MP, mol wt = 2,000), were investigated by gel filtration. The elution profiles of the HRP and MP solutions together with estimates of the peroxidatic activity of the collected fractions indicated that HRP was homogeneous with respect to molecular weight, while MP contained high molecular weight impurities with peroxidatic activity. Serum samples from four different species of tracer-injected animals (hagfish, lamprey, frog, mouse) and from control animals were investigated with the same techniques. No binding between HRP and the serum proteins or degradation of HRP was detected; whereas, MP circulated predominantly bound to serum proteins in all the investigated animals. The number average molecular weights of aqueous solutions of HRP and MP determined by vapor osmometry were 9,000 and 1,000, respectively. The results emphasize that protein binding should be evaluated when MP is used as an electron microscopic tracer. In addition, the finding that HRP and MP solutions have a much higher osmotic activity than the molecular weights of the tracers would suggest should be taken into consideration, especially when bolus injections into animals are performed.
Waveguide Components for Antenna Feed Systems: Theory and CAD (1993)

This book delivers an in-depth examinations of the three basic field-theoretical methods used for the design aid of different waveguide components. You'll find CAD algorithms, examples of their applications, and operational principles of various components used in antenna feed systems.
Unusual properties of the fundamental band gap of InN (2002)

The optical properties of wurtzite-structured InN grown on sapphire substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy have been characterized by optical absorption, photoluminescence, and photomodulated reflectance techniques. These three characterization techniques show an energy gap for InN between 0.7 and 0.8 eV, much lower than the commonly accepted value of 1.9 eV. The photoluminescence peak energy is found to be sensitive to the free-electron concentration of the sample. The peak energy exhibits very weak hydrostatic pressure dependence, and a small, anomalous blueshift with increasing temperature.
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) conformation and polymorphism in PNA-DNA and PNA-RNA hybrids. (1993)

Two hydrogen-bonding motifs have been proposed to account for the extraordinary stability of polyamide "peptide" nucleic acid (PNA) hybrids with nucleic acids. These interresidue- and intraresidue-hydrogen-bond motifs were investigated by molecular mechanics calculations. Energy-minimized structures of Watson-Crick base-paired decameric duplexes of PNA with A-, B-, and Z-DNA and A-RNA polymorphs indicate that the inherent stability of the complementary PNA helical structures is derived from interresidue, rather than from intraresidue, hydrogen bonds in all hybrids studied. Intraresidue-hydrogen-bond lengths are consistently longer than interresidue hydrogen bonds. Helical strand stability with interresidue hydrogen bond stabilization follows the order: B-(DNA.PNA) > A-(DNA.PNA) congruent to A-RNA.PNA > Z-(DNA.PNA). In the triplex hybrids A-(RNA.PNA2) and B-(DNA.PNA2), differences between stabilities of the two decamers of thyminyl PNA with lysine amide attached to the C terminus (pnaT)10 strands are small. The Hoogsteen (pnaT)10 strands are of slightly higher potential energy than are the Watson-Crick (pnaT)10 strands. Antiparallel arrangement of PNAs in the triplex is slightly favored over the parallel arrangement based on the calculations. Examination by molecular mechanics of the PNA.DNA analogue of the NMR-derived structure for the B-double-stranded DNA dodecamer d(CG-CAAATTTGCG)2 in solution suggests that use of all bases of the genetic alphabet should be possible without loss of the specific interresidue-hydrogen-bonding pattern within the PNA strand.
Dose-ranging effects of citrulline administration on plasma amino acids and hormonal patterns in healthy subjects: the Citrudose pharmacokinetic study (2007)

Previous experimental studies have highlighted that citrulline (CIT) could be a promising pharmaconutrient. However, its pharmacokinetic characteristics and tolerance to loading have not been studied to date. The objective was to characterise the plasma kinetics of CIT in a multiple-dosing study design and to assess the effect of CIT intake on the concentrations of other plasma amino acids (AA). The effects of CIT loading on anabolic hormones were also determined. Eight fasting healthy males underwent four separate oral loading tests (2, 5, 10 or 15 g CIT) in random order. Blood was drawn ten times over an 8 h period for measurement of plasma AA, insulin and growth hormone (Gh). Urine samples were collected before CIT administration and over the next 24 h. None of the subjects experienced side effects whatever the CIT dose. Concerning AA, only CIT, ornithine (ORN) and arginine (ARG) plasma concentrations were affected (maximum concentration 146 (sem 8) to 303 (sem 11) micromol/l (ARG) and 81 (sem 4) to 179 (sem 10) micromol/l (ORN); time to reach maximum concentration 1.17 (sem 0.26) to 2.29 (sem 0.20) h (ARG) and 1.38 (sem 0.25) to 1.79 (sem 0.11) h (ORN) according to CIT dose). Even at high doses, urinary excretion of CIT remained low ( < 5 %). Plasma insulin and Gh were not affected by CIT administration. Short-term CIT administration is safe and well-tolerated. CIT is a potent precursor of ARG. However, at the highest doses, CIT accumulated in plasma while plasma ARG levels increased less than expected. This may be due to saturation of the renal conversion of CIT into ARG.
Various types of nonbridging oxygen hole center in high-purity silica glass (1990)

Optical absorption measurements of the 2.0-eV band and photoluminescence measurements of the 1.9-eV emission, excited by various excitation bands, were carried out on high-purity silica glasses subjected to γ-ray irradiation. Two, and possibly three, different forms of nonbridging oxygen hole centers were deconvoluted from the results of the isochronal annealing experiments. The difference in the peak wavelength of the 2.0-eV absorption and 1.9-eV luminescence bands among various forms of nonbridging oxygen hole centers is reported.
Emerging Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Biology and Medicine (1992)

All cells, procaryotic and eucaryotic, respond to an elevation in temperature by increasing the synthesis of a family of proteins collectively known as heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs are among the most highly conserved and abundant proteins in nature. Studies on the regulation of the synthesis of HSPs have for several years shed light on the mechanisms regulating gene expression. The results from recent years, showing that HSPs play crucial roles in a wide variety of normal cellular processes, has made them an object of even broader interest, first to molecular and cellular biologists and later to specialists in various fields of medicine including oncology, immunology, infectious disease, autoimmunity, embryology, neurology and endocrinology. The aim of this review is to briefly summarize our present knowledge of the regulation of the heat shock response and the structure of the relevant gene products, HSPs. Moreover, some of the exciting associations between HSPs and various fields of medicine will be discussed.