gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The proapoptotic and antimitogenic protein p66SHC acts as a negative regulator of lymphocyte activation and autoimmunity (2008)

The ShcA locus encodes 3 protein isoforms that differ in tissue specificity, subcellular localization, and function. Among these, p66Shc inhibits TCR coupling to the Ras/MAPK pathway and primes T cells to undergo apoptotic death. We have investigated the outcome of p66Shc deficiency on lymphocyte development and homeostasis. We show that p66Shc(-/-) mice develop an age-related lupus-like autoimmune disease characterized by spontaneous peripheral T- and B-cell activation and proliferation, autoantibody production, and immune complex deposition in kidney and skin, resulting in autoimmune glomerulonephritis and alopecia. p66Shc(-/-) lymphocytes display enhanced proliferation in response to antigen receptor engagement in vitro and more robust immune responses both to vaccination and to allergen sensitization in vivo. The data identify p66Shc as a negative regulator of lymphocyte activation and show that loss of this protein results in breaking of immunologic tolerance and development of systemic autoimmunity.
Separation of human globin chain by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography: A new method for separation of normal and abnormal globin chains (1998)

Congrès 1998 de la Société Française d’Hématologie – Paris 2-3/02/1998
Advertising MPLS labels in IS-IS (2013)

Historically MPLS label distribution was driven by session oriented
protocols. In order to obtain a particular routers label binding for a
given destination FEC one needs to have first an established session
with that node. This document describes a mechanism to distribute
FEC/label mappings through flooding protocols. Flooding protocols
publish their objects for an unknown set of receivers, therefore one
can efficiently scale label distribution for use cases where the
receiver of label information is not directly connected. Application
of this technique are found in the field of backup (Bypass, R-LFA)
routing, Label switched path stitching, egress protection, explicit
routing and egress ASBR link selection.
三种对立的道德探索观:百科全书、谱系学、传统 (1992)

在本讲座中我讨论三种极为不同且相互对抗的道德探索观,它们都出自开创性的19世纪后期文本:《不列颠百科全书》第9版,尼采的《道德谱系》和教皇利奥十三世的《永恒之父》通谕书。当我谈到道德探索时,我是指某种比习惯上至少是比美国大学里所理解的道德哲学还要宽泛的东西,因为道德探索延及历史的、文学的、人类学的和社会学的问题。在这三种不同的道德探索类型所论的问题之中,我所要谈的是道德探索的本性和范围的不一致。19世纪那些研究明显属于人的科学,展示了百科全书主编者所称的“科学的进步”,并且百科全书的条目,也不仅仅是报告,而是它本身也将会推进这一进步:“人类历史的可见
RAGE is the Major Receptor for the Proinflammatory Activity of HMGB1 in Rodent Macrophages (2005)

Abstract High-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) is a protein with both intranuclear functions and extracellular cytokine-like effects. In this report, we study possible candidate receptors for HMGB1 on macrophages (Mphi) and define pathways activated by HMGB1 binding. Bone marrow Mphi were prepared from Dark Agouti (DA) rats and stimulated in vitro with HMGB1. The kinetics of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production, NO production, activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p44/42 MAPK- and SAPK/JNK-signalling pathways, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and HMGB1-induced upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD86 were analysed. Mphi from interleukin (IL)-1 receptor type I-/-, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2-/-) and RAGE-/- mice were used to investigate the role of these receptors in HMGB1 signalling. HMGB1 induced TNF and NO production by Mphi, phosphorylation of all investigated MAP kinase pathways and NF-kappaB translocation, and expression of MHC class II was increased. Mphi from RAGE-/- mice produced significantly lower amounts of TNF, IL-1beta and IL-6, while IL-1RI-/- and TLR2-/- Mphi produced cytokine levels comparable with wildtype controls in response to HMGB1 stimulation. We conclude that HMGB1 has the potential to induce a proinflammatory phenotype in Mphi, with RAGE as the major activation-inducing receptor.
Bacterial pyrogenic exotoxins as superantigens (1995)

The recent discovery of the mode of interaction between a group of microbial proteins known as superantigens and the immune system has opened a wide area of investigation into the possible role of these molecules in human diseases. Superantigens produced by certain viruses and bacteria, including Mycoplasma species, are either secreted or membrane-bound proteins. A unique feature of these proteins is that they can interact simultaneously with distinct receptors on different types of cells, resulting in enhanced cell-cell interaction and triggering a series of biochemical reactions that can lead to excessive cell proliferation and the release of inflammatory cytokines. However, although superantigens share many features, they can have very different biological effects that are potentiated by host genetic and environmental factors. This review focuses on a group of secreted pyrogenic toxins that belong to the superantigen family and highlights some of their structural-functional features and their roles in diseases such as toxic shock and autoimmunity. Deciphering the biological activities of the various superantigens and understanding their role in the pathogenesis of microbial infections and their sequelae will enable us to devise means by which we can intervene with their activity and/or manipulate them to our advantage.
Senescence Is Induced in Individually Darkened Arabidopsis Leaves, but Inhibited in Whole Darkened Plants (2001)

It has long been known that leaf senescence can be induced in many plant species by detaching leaves and placing them in the darkness. It recently has been shown that entire Arabidopsis plants placed in the darkness are not induced to senesce, as judged by visible yellowing and certain molecular markers. Here, we show that when individual Arabidopsis leaves are darkened, but not when entire plants are darkened, senescence is induced in the covered leaves. This induction of senescence is highly localized. The phenomenon is leaf age dependent in that it occurs more rapidly and strongly in older leaves than in younger ones, as is the case with many forms of induced senescence. Whole adult plants placed in darkness, in contrast, show delayed senescence, although seedlings lacking primary leaves do not. These observations imply that the light status of the entire plant affects the senescence of individual leaves. A model summarizing the results is presented.
A Parathyroid Hormone Inhibitor in Vivo: Design and Biological Evaluation of a Hormone Analog (1983)

A synthetic analog of bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH), [tyrosine-34] bPTH-(7-34)NH2, was found to inhibit parathyroid hormone action in vivo. When the analog and parathyroid hormone were infused simultaneously to rats at a molar ratio of 200 to 1, the analog inhibited the excretion of urinary phosphate and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. When infused alone at the same dose rate, the analog was devoid of agonist activity. The compound was prepared by following design principles developed for inhibitors of parathyroid hormone, and is believed to be the first antagonist of parathyroid hormone that is effective in vivo.
Efforts to explain spontaneous regression of cancer (1981)

After a study of the 176 cases (Everson and Cole) of spontaneous regression of cancer and recent progress in immunology, the author is convinced stimulation of the immune process is the most important factor in S.R. of cancer. Stimulating factors are numerous including bacterial products, enzymes, infections, hormones, trauma, etc. Of the 176 cases reported by Everson and Cole, 71 (40%) were associated with some type of operative trauma. Since the effective anticancer agent interferon is an important protective agent (especially antiviral) in the human body, this product could readily play an important role. Immunoglobulins appear to be possible factors. The blocking and unblocking agents of the Hellströms and associates support this supposition. Elimination of carcinogens appears important, considering the remarkable disappearance of cancer of the bladder in 12 of 13 patients having diversion of the urine from the bladder to the colon by transplantation of the ureters from the bladder to the colon. Innumerable antigens unknown to us at the present time could act as stimulants to our immune system, and thus cause regression of cancer. Hormonal factors must obviously be considered, but the author is doubtful that they exert an important role.
The B7 adhesion molecule is expressed on activated human T cells: Functional involvement in T‐T cell interactions (1993)

The B cell antigen B7 delivers a strong co-stimulatory signal for the activation of T cells by binding to its ligands CD28 and CTLA4. Here we demonstrate the surface expression of the B7 molecule on activated human T cells in vitro and under certain conditions in vivo and its functional importance in T-T cell interactions. B7 was detected by flow cytometry on antigen-specific CD4+ and allospecific CD8+ cloned T cells from different donors with anti-B7 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or a soluble CTLA4-C gamma 1 chimera molecule and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions. The expression of B7 was up-regulated following restimulation of the T cell clones and peaked after 7-9 days. Moreover, we show that the B7 molecule on T cells is functionally involved in T-T cell interactions: mAb to CD28 and the CTLA4-Ig fusion protein could inhibit the proliferation of specific T cell clones in response to T cells as antigen-presenting cells (APC) or the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a primary allostimulation with activated T cells as stimulator cells. Finally, we found that B7 can be expressed on freshly isolated circulating T cells since in a preliminary study with a limited number of patients, B7 was present on a subset of CD3+ cells. B7 was expressed on activated T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) of certain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals (0.5-20% B7+CD8+ cells) or some patients with autoimmune diseases whereas CD3+ cells of healthy individuals did not express B7. The coexpression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and B7 may be relevant for the capacity of activated T cells to function as APC. The expression of B7 on T cells in vivo in autoimmune diseases and in HIV infection may be important for a better understanding of these diseases.
The structure and synthesis of the fungal cell wall (2006)

The fungal cell wall is a dynamic structure that protects the cell from changes in osmotic pressure and other environmental stresses, while allowing the fungal cell to interact with its environment. The structure and biosynthesis of a fungal cell wall is unique to the fungi, and is therefore an excellent target for the development of anti-fungal drugs. The structure of the fungal cell wall and the drugs that target its biosynthesis are reviewed. Based on studies in a number of fungi, the cell wall has been shown to be primarily composed of chitin, glucans, mannans and glycoproteins. The biosynthesis of the various components of the fungal cell wall and the importance of the components in the formation of a functional cell wall, as revealed through mutational analyses, are discussed. There is strong evidence that the chitin, glucans and glycoproteins are covalently cross-linked together and that the cross-linking is a dynamic process that occurs extracellularly.
Long-Term Results of Sacral Neuromodulation With the Tined Lead Procedure (2010)

Sacral neuromodulation with the tined lead procedure is a safe and effective treatment for patients with overactive bladder symptoms or urinary retention.
Glycerol Use in Hyperhydration and Rehydration: Scientific Update (2012)

Glycerol ingestion creates an osmotic drive that enhances fluid retention. The major practical applications for athletes are to either (i) hyperhydrate before exercise so that they have more fluid to be lost as sweat during subsequent performance, thereby delaying the progression of dehydration from becoming physiologically significant, or (ii) improve both the rate of rehydration and total fluid retention following exercise. Recently we showed that rehydration may be improved further by combining glycerol with intravenous fluids. Improvements in endurance time, time trial performance and total power and work output have been seen during exercise following glycerol-induced hyperhydration or rehydration. Another recent trial showed that the increased body weight associated with the extra fluid does not inadvertently affect running economy. Concerns that the haemodilution associated with the fluid retention in the vascular space may be sufficient to mask illegal doping practices by athletes led the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) to add glycerol to its list of prohibited substances in 2010. Recent evidence suggests that doses of > 0.032 ± 0.010 g/kg lean body mass (much lower than those required for rehydration) will result in urinary excretion that may be detectable, so athletes under the WADA jurisdiction should be cautious to limit their inadvertent glycerol intake.
A new temperature‐ and pH‐responsive copolymer for possible use in protein conjugation (1995)

Abstract The temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive copolymers of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) with 4‐pentenoic acid (PAc) were synthesized and the monomer reactivity ratios were estimated. The effects of polymer composition, pH and ionic strength of the aqueous solution on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the copolymers were investigated. It was found that the LCSTs of these unusual copolymers can be either lowered or raised compared to the LCST of poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) by changing the pH.
Increased Aβ Peptides and Reduced Cholesterol and Myelin Proteins Characterize White Matter Degeneration in Alzheimer's Disease (2002)

Relative to the gray matter, there is a paucity of information regarding white matter biochemical alterations and their contribution to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biochemical analyses of AD white matter combining size-exclusion, normal phase, and gas chromatography, immunoassays, and Western blotting revealed increased quantities of Abeta40 and Abeta42 in AD white matter accompanied by significant decreases in the amounts of myelin basic protein, myelin proteolipid protein, and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase. In addition, the AD white matter cholesterol levels were significantly decreased while total fatty acid content was increased. In some instances, these white matter biochemical alterations were correlated with patient apolipoprotein E genotype, Braak stage, and gender. Our observations suggest that extensive white matter axonal demyelination underlies Alzheimer's pathology, resulting in loss of capacitance and serious disturbances in nerve conduction, severely damaging brain function. These white matter alterations undoubtedly contribute to AD pathogenesis and may represent the combined effects of neuronal degeneration, microgliosis, oligodendrocyte injury, microcirculatory disease, and interstitial fluid stasis. To accurately assess the success of future therapeutic interventions, it is necessary to have a complete appreciation of the full scope and extent of AD pathology.
Polymerized-depolymerized vesicles. Reversible thiol-disulfide-based phosphatidylcholine membranes (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerized-depolymerized vesicles. Reversible thiol-disulfide-based phosphatidylcholine membranesN. K. P. Samuel, Maninder Singh, Kazuo Yamaguchi, and Steven L. RegenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 1, 42–47Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00287a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00287a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views617Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Mechanism of Bacteriocin Secretion and Immunity Carried Out by Lactococcal Multidrug Resistance Proteins (2003)

A natural isolate of Lactococcus lactis was shown to produce two narrow spectrum class II bacteriocins, designated LsbA and LsbB. The cognate genes are located on a 5.6-kb plasmid within a gene cluster specifying LmrB, an ATP-binding cassette-type multidrug resistance transporter protein. LsbA is a hydrophobic peptide that is initially synthesized with an N-terminal extension. The housekeeping surface proteinase HtrA was shown to be responsible for the cleavage of precursor peptide to yield the active bacteriocin. LsbB is a relatively hydrophilic protein synthesized without an N-terminal leader sequence or signal peptide. The secretion of both polypeptides was shown to be mediated by LmrB. An L. lactis strain lacking plasmid-encoded LmrB and the chromosomally encoded LmrA is unable to secrete either of the two bacteriocins. Complementation of the strain with an active LmrB protein resulted in restored export of the two polypeptides across the cytoplasmic membrane. When expressed in an L. lactis strain that is sensitive to LsbA and LsbB, LmrB was shown to confer resistance toward both bacteriocins. It does so, most likely, by removing the two polypeptides from the cytoplasmic membrane. This is the first report in which a multidrug transporter protein is shown to be involved in both secretion and immunity of antimicrobial peptides.
Knock‐in of nuclear localised β‐galactosidase reveals that the tyrosine phosphatase Ptprv is specifically expressed in cells of the bone collar (2004)

Ptprv is a member of the transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase gene family reported to be expressed in osteoblasts and gonads. To better define the developmental and tissue specificity of Ptprv expression, we generated knock-in mice expressing a nuclear localised beta-galactosidase reporter under the control of resident Ptprv regulatory elements. Histochemical staining of Ptprv-nLacZ mice revealed that Ptprv expression is readily detectable in the foetal gonadal ridge of both sexes and in adult gonads where it is localised to Sertoli cells of the testis and celomic epithelial cells of the ovaries. During early limb development, Ptprv expression is prominent in the apical ectodermal ridge of the limb bud. At latter stages of development, Ptprv is predominantly expressed in the perichondrial and periosteal region of long bones, known as the bone collar. In contrast to previous indications from in vitro studies, there is little if any expression in mature osteoblasts in vivo. Analysis of Ptprv mRNA localisation by in situ hybridization in parallel with molecular markers of chondrocytes and osteoblasts confirmed the specific expression of Ptprv in immature bone collar cells. The specificity of Ptprv expression in these cells may be a useful tool to elucidate their role in the transition of skeletal elements from cartilage template to bone.
A neurologic rating scale (NRS) for use in multiple sclerosis (1984)

A neurologic rating scale (NRS) has been developed for clinical assessment of MS patients. The scale has been tested on 250 MS patients. Assignment of the NRS score is based on assessment of each component of the neurologic examination and accurately reflects overall neurologic function. Clinical exacerbations are evident as significant deviations from baseline scores. There was close interexaminer correlation, with the range of variability no greater than 2.6%. The NRS is a simple, reliable, and sensitive scale that can be used with other objective measurements of neurologic function, such as neurophysiologic studies, in the clinical assessment of MS patients.
Identification of 14-3-3ζ as a Protein Kinase B/Akt Substrate (2002)

Protein kinase B/Akt (PKB/Akt) is a member of the ACG kinase family, which also includes protein kinase C, that phosphorylates a number of 14-3-3-binding proteins. 14-3-3 protein regulation of protein kinase C activity is modulated by 14-3-3 phosphorylation. We examined the hypothesis that PKB/Akt interacts with and phosphorylates 14-3-3zeta, leading to modulation of dimerization. By glutathione S-transferase pull-down, Akt precipitated recombinant 14-3-3zeta and endogenous 14-3-3zeta from HEK293 cell lysates. Recombinant active PKB/Akt phosphorylated recombinant 14-3-3zeta in an in vitro kinase assay. Transfection of active PKB/Akt into HEK293 cells resulted in phosphorylation of 14-3-3zeta. Based on a motif search of 14-3-3zeta, a potential PKB/Akt phosphorylation site, Ser-58, was mutated to alanine. PKB/Akt was unable to phosphorylate this mutant protein. Incubation of 14-3-3zeta with recombinant active PKB/Akt resulted in phosphorylation of 45% of the protein, as determined by a pI shift on two-dimensional electrophoresis, but 14-3-3zeta dimerization was not altered. These data indicate that PKB/Akt phosphorylates Ser-58 on 14-3-3zeta both in vitro and in intact cells. The functional relevance of this phosphorylation remains to be determined.
Diaza-18-crown-6-based Sugar Receptor Bearing Two Boronic Acids. Possible Communication between Bound Sugars and Metal Cations (1995)

Abstract A novel diaza-18-crown-6-based sugar receptor (1) bearing two boronic acids has been developed. In 1 boronic acids in the side arms and a metal cation bound to the crown cavity competitively interact as Lewis acids with amines. It was shown that sugars and metal cations can “communicate” each other in an allosteric manner.
Potential of Using Plant Row Yield Trials to Predict Soybean Yield (1999)

ABSTRACT Plant row yield trials (PRYT) are measured as an indicator of yield potential for many private and public soybean breeding programs. To identify elite lines and develop new cultivars, the highest yielding PRYT lines are usually advanced to multiple replications in different environments. Early generation PRYT testing has the advantage of identifying elite lines in the initial phases of the selection process. The objective of this study was to determine if single row PRYT testing is a reliable predictor of yield in multiple environment advanced yield testing. In 1996, five F 2:3 populations of crosses between different elite cultivars were grown as single row PRYT. After the 1996 PRYT test, the top 10, middle 10, and bottom 10 yielding PRYT lines from each population were selected for advanced testing in 1997 and 1998. Yield and yield rank correlations between selected 1996 PRYT and advanced yield testing were highest for the ‘Jack’ × ‘Resnik’ and ‘Asgrow A3733’ × ‘Burlison’ populations, respectively. Matrix analysis indicated that the lines selected from the Asgrow A3733 × Burlison population were the most stable when 1996 PRYT data are compared with advanced yield test data. Approximately five lines can be identified from each population that are the highest yielding in PRYT testing and advanced yield testing. Additionally, approximately five lines could be identified from each population that are the lowest yielding in PRYT testing and advanced yield tests. In the populations examined it can be concluded that early generation PRYT testing would allow for progress to be made in identifying elite soybean lines with high yield potential.