gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of WWW Client-based Traces (1995)

The explosion of WWW traffic necessitates an accurate picture of WWW use, and in particular requires a good understanding of client requests for WWW documents. To address this need, we have collectedtraces of actual executions of NCSA Mosaic, reflecting over half a million user requests for WWW documents. In this paper we describe the methods we used to collect our traces, and the formats of the collected data. Next, we present a descriptive statistical summary of the traces we collected, which identifies a number of trends and reference patterns in WWW use. In particular, we show that many characteristics of WWW use can be modelled using power-law distributions, including the distribution of document sizes, the popularity of documents as a function of size, the distribution of user requests for documents, and the number of references to documents as a function of their overall rank in popularity (Zipf&amp;apos;s law). Finally, we show how the power-law distributions derived from our traces can beused to guide system designers interested in caching WWW documents.
[Radiofrequency ablation inhibits lung metastasis ofbreast cancer in mice]. (2015)

RFA can enhance the anti-tumor immunity and effectively inhibit lung metastasis of 4T1 cell-induced breast cancer, and has a good potential effect in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and the control of distant metastasis.
The pathogenesis of gout (2008)

An elevated serum urate level, together with local factors, can result in the deposition of urate crystals into the joints. Once crystals are deposited into a joint, they can be released into the joint space and initiate an inflammatory cascade causing acute gouty arthritis. These acute flares resolve, but the crystals remain in the joint. The way to ultimately correct the underlying metabolic problem of hyperuricemia and the crystal deposition is to lower the serum urate level and dissolve the crystal deposits. This will stop both the acute attacks and the progressive joint damage.
End-to-end Lyrics Alignment for Polyphonic Music Using an Audio-to-character Recognition Model (2019)

Time-aligned lyrics can enrich the music listening experience by enabling karaoke, text-based song retrieval and intra-song navigation, and other applications. Compared to text-to-speech alignment, lyrics alignment remains highly challenging, despite many attempts to combine numerous sub-modules including vocal separation and detection in an effort to break down the problem. Furthermore, training required fine-grained annotations to be available in some form. Here, we present a novel system based on a modified Wave-U-Net architecture, which predicts character probabilities directly from raw audio using learnt multi-scale representations of the various signal components. There are no sub-modules whose interdependencies need to be optimized. Our training procedure is designed to work with weak, line-level annotations available in the real world. With a mean alignment error of 0.35s on a standard dataset our system outperforms the state-of-the-art by an order of magnitude.
Baseball seasons and dog years (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Baseball seasons and dog years Author: David R. Barstow TeraQuest Metrics, Inc., P.O. Box 200490, Austin, TX and Instant Sports, Inc., P.O. Box 162197, Austin, TX TeraQuest Metrics, Inc., P.O. Box 200490, Austin, TX and Instant Sports, Inc., P.O. Box 162197, Austin, TXView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICSE '99: Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Software engineeringMay 1999 Pages 535–542https://doi.org/10.1145/302405.302688Published:16 May 1999Publication History 3citation324DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads324Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Alum with Interleukin-12 Augments Immunity to a Melanoma Peptide Vaccine: Correlation with Time to Relapse in Patients with Resected High-Risk Disease (2007)

IL-12 with alum augmented an immune response to melanoma antigens compared with IL-12 with GM-CSF. Immune response was associated with time to relapse.
Aberrant expression of caspase cascade regulatory genes in adult T‐cell leukaemia: survivin is an important determinant for prognosis (2001)

Derangement of either apoptosis or cell division is known to play an important role in tumorigenesis. Fas-mediated apoptosis on normal and leukaemic T cells is finely tuned by inhibitory proteins, such as FAP-1, FLIP and survivin, and defective caspase isoform which can attenuate the function of its intact caspase as a decoy molecule. However, complex involvement of such inhibitors in tumour biology relating to apoptotic pathology remains unclear in the neoplasms. We report the aberrant expression of FAP-1, FLIP and survivin mRNAs on leukaemic T cells from adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) patients. Among these inhibitors, only survivin was aberrantly expressed in all ATL cases, but not in any normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Furthermore, survivin mRNA expression level was characteristic in each subtype of ATL and represented an important determinant for ATL prognosis. However, the apoptotic effector of casp-8, which is essential in Fas-mediated signal transduction, was dominant in defective casp-8 rather than intact casp-8 in ATL cells, suggesting a favourable biological situation for escape from apoptosis. Taken together, ATL cells probably possess many different regulatory mechanisms in order to attenuate Fas-mediated signalling and subsequently expand their populations under escape from apoptosis. Among these inhibitors, survivin is a useful bio-marker to assess tumour biology and may be a potential new target for apoptosis-based selective therapy in neoplasms as the expression is a general feature of neoplasia, but not normal tissues.
Silica-Precipitating Peptides Isolated from a Combinatorial Phage Display Peptide Library (2002)

Many biological organisms contain specialized structures composed of inorganic materials. Cellular processes in vivo facilitate the organized assembly of mineral building blocks into complex structures. The structural hierarchy and complexity across a range of length scales are providing new ideas and concepts for materials chemistry. Proteins that direct biomineralization can be used to control the production of nanostructured materials and facilitate the fabrication of new structures. Here, we demonstrate that some of the silica-binding peptides isolated from a combinatorial phage peptide display library can be used in precipitating silica from a solution of silicic acid. The results described in this report demonstrate that peptides displayed by phages act as templates in inorganic material synthesis and provide a means of understanding how some of the biological systems may be carrying out materials chemistry in vivo.
A phase II study of subcutaneous recombinant human lnterleukjn-4 in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (1995)

At this modest dose and schedule, IL-4 was tolerated in most patients. There was minimal biologic and clinical activity. Further development of IL-4 as a therapeutic agent in metastatic renal cell cancer at this dose and schedule is not supported by this study.
Ultrasound imaging of the airway and its applications (2018)

Airway ultrasound (US) provides a dynamic assessment of the airway. In conjunction with other imaging techniques such as computerised tomographic (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography of the airway can influence airway management decisions. There is some evidence to support its use in the prediction of difficult airway by measuring pre-tracheal soft-tissue thickness and pre-epiglottis space thickness. However, the dynamic scan of vocal cord movements may replace direct visualisation techniques in the future. In addition, measurements of the subglottic diameter by US have been shown to predict endotracheal tube size as accurately as MRI or CT scan. US-assisted or US-guided front of the neck procedures such as percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy is safer and more accurate with decreased rate of complications. Localisation of cricothyroid membrane with US in difficult necks may become a life-saving procedure when complete ventilation failure is encountered. The use of US to overcome airway challenges is growing at a rapid pace adding newer dimensions to its use.
Disease specific characteristics of fetal epigenetic markers for non-invasive prenatal testing of trisomy 21 (2014)

We validated that two EPs have the potential to be fetal-specific EPs which is consistent with their disease-specific epigenetic characteristics. The findings of this study suggest that disease-specific epigenetic characteristics should be considered in the development of fetal-specific EPs for non-invasive prenatal testing of T21.
Simultaneous and independent switching of 8-wavelength channels with 2-nm spacing using a wavelength-dilated acoustooptic switch (1996)

We have used a wavelength-dilated acoustooptic cross-connect, for independent routing of 8-wavelength channels separated by 2 nm. The individual acoustooptic switches making up this cross-connect provide low-crosstalk switching only for channel spacings of at least 4 nm. Total loss through the dilated 2/spl times/2 crossconnect is 9 dB, and crosstalk ranges from -25 to -35 dB. Switch architectures of this kind will be needed in multiwavelength networks where channel spacings are too close to be accommodated by a single multiwavelength switch.
Compiling design plans from descriptions of artifacts and problem solving heuristics (1987)

An analysis of the design plans in the Pride expert system shows that they integrate knowledge about structure and functionality of artifacts as well as problem-solving heuristics A method is presented by which such plans can be automatically generated by compiling knowledge about artifacts, problem solving heuristics, and characteristics of specific problems. Knowledge compilation allows the creation of plans tailored to particular problems and offers potential benefits in maintaining a knowledge base, in reusing the same knowledge for different purposes, and in providing a framework for more systematic knowledge acquisition I
Five Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthases Expressed in Different Organs Are Localized into Three Subcellular Compartments in Arabidopsis (2000)

Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is the precursor for the biosynthesis of gibberellins, carotenoids, chlorophylls, isoprenoid quinones, and geranylgeranylated proteins in plants. There is a small gene family for GGPP synthases encoding five isozymes and one related protein in Arabidopsis, and all homologs have a putative localization signal to translocate into specific subcellular compartments. Using a synthetic green fluorescent protein (sGFP), we studied the subcellular localization of these GGPP synthases. When these fusion proteins were expressed by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in Arabidopsis, GGPS1-sGFP and GGPS3-sGFP proteins were translocated into the chloroplast, GGPS2-sGFP and GGPS4-sGFP proteins were localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the GGPS6-sGFP protein was localized in the mitochondria. Both GGPS1 and GGPS3 proteins synthesized in vitro were taken up into isolated intact pea chloroplasts and processed to the mature form. RNA-blot and promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) analysis showed that these GGPP synthases genes are organ-specifically expressed in Arabidopsis. GGR and GGPS1 were ubiquitously expressed, while GGPS2, GGPS3, and GGPS4 were expressed specifically in the flower, root, and flower, respectively. These results suggest that each GGPP synthase gene is expressed in different tissues during plant development and GGPP is synthesized by the organelles themselves rather than being transported into the organelles. Therefore, we predict there will be specific pathways of GGPP production in each organelle.
Characterization of Interactions between the Transcriptional Repressor PhlF and Its Binding Site at the phlA Promoter in Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 (2002)

The phlACBD genes responsible for the biosynthesis of the antifungal metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (PHL) by the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 are regulated at the transcriptional level by the pathway-specific repressor PhlF. Strong evidence suggests that this regulation occurs mainly in the early logarithmic phase of growth. First, the expression of the phlF gene is relatively high between 3 and 13 h of growth and relatively low thereafter, with the phlACBD operon following an opposite expression profile. Second, the kinetics of PHL biosynthesis are specifically altered in the logarithmic phase in a P. fluorescens F113 phlF mutant. The phlA-phlF intergenic region presents a complex organization in that phlACBD is transcribed from a sigma(70) RNA polymerase-dependent promoter that is likely to overlap the promoter of the divergently transcribed phlF gene. The repression by PhlF is due to its interaction with an inverted repeated sequence, phO, located downstream of the phlA transcriptional start site. Cross-linking experiments indicate that PhlF can dimerize in solution, and thus PhlF may bind phO as a dimer or higher-order complex. Furthermore, it is now demonstrated that certain regulators of PHL synthesis act by modulating PhlF binding to phO. PHL, which has previously been shown to be an autoinducer of PHL biosynthesis, interacts with PhlF to destabilize the PhlF-phO complex. Conversely, the PhlF-phO complex is stabilized by the presence of salicylate, which has been shown to be an inhibitor of phlA expression.
Identification of a novel, human multilymphoid progenitor in cord blood (2001)

The earliest stages of lymphoid commitment from human pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells have not been defined. A clonogenic subpopulation of CD34(+)CD38(-) cord blood cells were identified that expressed high levels of the CD7 antigen and possessed only lymphoid potential. CD34(+)CD38(-)CD7(+) (CD7(+)) cells uniformly coexpressed CD45RA and HLA-DR; c-kit and Thy-1 expression was absent to low. Clonal analysis demonstrated that single CD7(+) cells could generate B cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells but were devoid of myeloid or erythroid potential. In contrast, control CD34(+)CD38(-)CD7(-) (CD7(-)) cells generated both lymphoid and myelo-erythroid cells. The lymphoid potential (generation of lymphoid progeny in bulk and single cell cultures) of CD7(+) cells was equivalent to that of the pluripotent CD7(-) cells. RNA expression studies showed that CD7(+) cells expressed PU.1 and GATA-3, but did not express Pax-5, terminal deoxynucleotide transferase, or CD3epsilon. In contrast to the previously described murine common lymphoid progenitor, the alpha chain of the receptor for interleukin-7 was not detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis or RNA polymerase chain reaction in CD7(+) cells. These studies identify a clonogenic lymphoid progenitor with both B-cell and natural killer cell lineage potential with a molecular profile that suggests a developmental stage more primitive than previously identified lymphoid progenitors. The CD7(+) phenotype distinguishes primitive human lymphoid progenitors from pluripotent stem cells, thus allowing the study of regulation of early human lymphopoiesis and providing an alternative to pluripotent stem cells for genetic manipulation and transplantation. (Blood. 2001;97:3683-3690)
Rituximab mediates loss of CD19 on B cells in the absence of cell death (2012)

Our findings indicate that the addition of RTX to healthy donor PBMCs in vitro results in complement-independent loss of CD19 without causing B cell death. CD19 is transferred from B cells to monocytes and neutrophils during shaving of the RTX-CD20 complex in an Fc-dependent manner. These data suggest that monitoring the effect of RTX by measuring the CD19+ cell count may be compromised by this activity.
Increased susceptibility to urethane-induced lung tumors in mice with decreased expression of connexin43 (2004)

Gap junction intercellular communication capacity and connexin expression are reportedly decreased in human lung cancer. The mechanisms by which connexins, the gap junction proteins, act as tumor suppressors are unclear. In order to understand the involvement of connexins in tumorigenesis, we analyzed the effect of the heterologous deletion of Gja1 [the connexin43 (Cx43) gene] on the development of lung adenomas in mice. Heterozygous (Cx43(+/-)) and wild-type mice (Cx43(+/+)) were treated or not with single doses of urethane at 15 and 17 days after birth. Twenty-five weeks later, both the number and size of nodules were increased in Cx43(+/-) mice as compared with Cx43(+/+) mice. Moreover, the lesions were histologically more aggressive in the heterozygous mice. However, no increase in spontaneous lesions was observed in the lungs of untreated Cx43(+/-) mice. Heterozygous mice effectively presented lower expression of Cx43 genes and decreased amounts of Cx43. In conclusion, our results indicate that deletion of one allele of the Cx43 gene clearly favors the carcinogenic effect of urethane administration and results in a higher susceptibility to lung adenoma formation in mice.
Enhanced expression of c-myc and epidermal growth factor receptor (C-erbB-1) genes in primary human renal cancer. (1988)

We have analyzed the expression of 12 protooncogenes, c-Ha-ras, c-Ki-ras, N-ras, c-myc, N-myc, c-fos, c-abl, c-fes, c-fms, c-raf, c-erbB-1, and c-erbB-2, in tissues of human renal cell carcinomas and in adjacent normal kidneys. Comparative densitometry of Northern blot analyses demonstrated enhanced level of c-myc gene expression, i.e., greater than threefold increase over normal kidney tissues, in 11 of 15 (73%) of the tumors examined. Increased levels of c-erbB-1 mRNA were likewise observed in seven of 15 (47%). Interestingly, many of the tumors exhibiting elevated levels of c-erbB-1 revealed increases in c-myc mRNA levels. However, Southern blot analysis failed to detect gene amplification or rearrangement in the tumors with elevated levels of c-myc and/or c-erbB-1. Although N-ras, c-fos, and c-raf gene transcripts were detected in both malignant and normal tissues, differences in these protooncogene expressions were not found between the carcinomas and normal kidneys. Significant elevations of expression were found in one of 16 cases of each for c-Ha-ras and c-fms, whereas expression of c-Ki-ras, N-myc, c-fes, c-abl, or c-erbB-2 could not be detected in any of the tissues surveyed. These results suggest that activation of c-myc and c-erbB-1 genes may be involved in the development of human renal cell carcinomas.
Specific Activities of Dolastatin 10 and Peptide Derivatives against Cryptococcus neoformans (1998)

The biosynthetic peptide dolastatin 10 is currently in phase I and II cancer clinical trials. We evaluated the antifungal spectrum of dolastatin 10 and four structural modifications. In broth macrodilution assays, the peptides were fungicidal for American Type Culture Collection strains and clinical isolates (including fluconazole-resistant strains) of Cryptococcus neoformans but no other yeasts or filamentous fungi examined. Specificity for C. neoformans was also demonstrated in the solid-phase disk diffusion assay, and fungicidal activity was confirmed in time-kill experiments. For a methyl ester modification, the MICs at which 50 and 90% of 19 clinical isolates were inhibited (MIC50 and MIC90, respectively) were 0.195 and 0.39 microg/ml, respectively. The MFC50 (50% minimum fungicidal concentration) for this peptide was 0.39 microg/ml, and the MFC90 was 0.78 microg/ml. MICs and MFCs were identical or lower in the presence of human serum but increased with lowered pH. These peptides should be pursued as potential chemotherapeutics for C. neoformans, a leading cause of infection and mortality in immunocompromised patients.
Malic enzyme: the controlling activity for lipid production? Overexpression of malic enzyme in Mucor circinelloides leads to a 2.5-fold increase in lipid accumulation (2007)

Malic enzyme (ME; NADP(+)-dependent; EC 1 . 1 . 1 . 40) has been postulated to be the rate-limiting step for fatty acid biosynthesis in oleaginous fungi in which the extent of lipid accumulation is below the maximum possible. The genes encoding the isoform of ME involved in fatty acid synthesis were identified in Mucor circinelloides and Mortierella alpina, two commercially useful oil-producing fungi, using degenerate primers. Both showed high similarity with ME genes from other micro-organisms. The whole-length ME gene from each source was cloned into a leucine auxotroph of Mc. circinelloides and placed under the control of the constitutive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gpd1) promoter. After confirming correct expression of the ME genes, the two recombinant strains were grown in fully controlled, submerged-culture bioreactors using a high C : N ratio medium for lipid accumulation. Activities of ME were increased by two- to threefold and the lipid contents of the cells, in both recombinants, were increased from 12 % of the biomass to 30 %. Simultaneously, the degree of fatty acid desaturation increased slightly. Thus, increased expression of the ME gene leads to both increased biosynthesis of fatty acids and formation of unsaturated fatty acids, including gamma-linolenic acid (18 : 3 n-6). At the end of lipid accumulation (96 h), ME activity in the recombinant strains had ceased, as it had done in the parent wild-type cells, indicating that additional, but unknown, controls over its activity must be in place to account for this loss of activity: this may be due to the presence of a specific ME-cleaving enzyme. The hypothesis that the rate-limiting step of fatty acid biosynthesis is therefore the supply of NADPH, as generated specifically and solely by ME, is therefore considerably strengthened by these results.
A novelO-linked glycan modulatesCampylobacter jejunimajor outer membrane protein-mediated adhesion to human histo-blood group antigens and chicken colonization (2014)

Campylobacter jejuni is an important cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis; strategies to prevent infection are hampered by a poor understanding of the complex interactions between host and pathogen. Previous work showed that C. jejuni could bind human histo-blood group antigens (BgAgs) in vitro and that BgAgs could inhibit the binding of C. jejuni to human intestinal mucosa ex vivo. Here, the major flagella subunit protein (FlaA) and the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) were identified as BgAg-binding adhesins in C. jejuni NCTC11168. Significantly, the MOMP was shown to be O-glycosylated at Thr(268); previously only flagellin proteins were known to be O-glycosylated in C. jejuni. Substitution of MOMP Thr(268) led to significantly reduced binding to BgAgs. The O-glycan moiety was characterized as Gal(β1-3)-GalNAc(β1-4)-GalNAc(β1-4)-GalNAcα1-Thr(268); modelling suggested that O-glycosylation has a notable effect on the conformation of MOMP and this modulates BgAg-binding capacity. Glycosylation of MOMP at Thr(268) promoted cell-to-cell binding, biofilm formation and adhesion to Caco-2 cells, and was required for the optimal colonization of chickens by C. jejuni, confirming the significance of this O-glycosylation in pathogenesis.