gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxins for Transgenic Resistance to Hemipteran Pests (2012)

The sap sucking insects (Hemiptera), which include aphids, whiteflies, plant bugs and stink bugs, have emerged as major agricultural pests. The Hemiptera cause direct damage by feeding on crops, and in some cases indirect damage by transmission of plant viruses. Current management relies almost exclusively on application of classical chemical insecticides. While the development of transgenic crops expressing toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has provided effective plant protection against some insect pests, Bt toxins exhibit little toxicity against sap sucking insects. Indeed, the pest status of some Hemiptera on Bt-transgenic plants has increased in the absence of pesticide application. The increased pest status of numerous hemipteran species, combined with increased prevalence of resistance to chemical insecticides, provides impetus for the development of biologically based, alternative management strategies. Here, we provide an overview of approaches toward transgenic resistance to hemipteran pests.
Restimulation of Unconventional Reservoirs: When Are Refracs Beneficial? (2011)

Summary Restimulation treatments have been attempted in a wide variety of reservoirs, and more than 140 papers have been published documenting the success and failure of these efforts. A database of these published examples has been compiled and analyzed to identify the mechanisms responsible for production improvement following restimulation with propped fractures (refracs). A portion of this database was recently published (Vincent 2010), and specific field examples were highlighted to demonstrate that refrac treatments can improve production by numerous mechanisms, including Enlarged fracture geometry Improved pay coverage through increased fracture height in vertical wells Greater lateral coverage in horizontal wells or initiation of more transverse fractures Increased fracture conductivity compared with initial frac Restoration of fracture-conductivity loss caused by embedment, cyclic stress, proppant degradation, gel damage, scale, asphaltene precipitation, fines plugging, and other factors Increased conductivity in previously unpropped or inadequately propped portions of fracture Use of more-suitable fracturing fluids Reorientation caused by stress-field alterations, leading to contact of "new" rock This paper will briefly review restimulation attempts in six Canadian reservoirs of interest to the local audience, and will then present a more-detailed review of restimulation of horizontal wells in the unconventional Bakken oil formation. In addition to a summary of published results, this paper will introduce a significant amount of previously unpublished data regarding refrac treatments of horizontal laterals completed in the Middle Bakken. This study will identify several additional concerns and opportunities with restimulating horizontal wellbores that were not previously identified in literature reviews. This organized summary of field results and references will provide significant value to readers evaluating or designing restimulation treatments.
Bayesian Surprise Attracts Human Attention (2005)

The concept of surprise is central to sensory processing, adaptation, learning, and attention. Yet, no widely-accepted mathematical theory currently exists to quantitatively characterize surprise elicited by a stimulus or event, for observers that range from single neurons to complex natural or engineered systems. We describe a formal Bayesian definition of surprise that is the only consistent formulation under minimal axiomatic assumptions. Surprise quantifies how data affects a natural or artificial observer, by measuring the difference between posterior and prior beliefs of the observer. Using this framework we measure the extent to which humans direct their gaze towards surprising items while watching television and video games. We find that subjects are strongly attracted towards surprising locations, with 72% of all human gaze shifts directed towards locations more surprising than the average, a figure which rises to 84% when considering only gaze targets simultaneously selected by all subjects. The resulting theory of surprise is applicable across different spatio-temporal scales, modalities, and levels of abstraction.
Tunable Redox and Optical Properties Using Transition Metal-Complexed Polythiophenes (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTTunable Redox and Optical Properties Using Transition Metal-Complexed PolythiophenesJerry L. Reddinger and John R. ReynoldsView Author Information Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611Cite this: Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3, 673–675Publication Date (Web):February 10, 1997Publication History Received15 November 1996Published online10 February 1997Published inissue 1 February 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma961689ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma961689orapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views793Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Metals,Monomers,Polymerization,Polymers,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Quality measurements on speech coders for mobile radio (2005)

Subjective quality measurements on speech coders for mobile radio were performed by the "Mean Opinion Score Method". Tested coders were adaptive transform coder (ATC), adaptive predictive coder (APC), sub-band coder (SBC), and residue excited linear predictive coder (RELP) with transmission rates below 16 kbit/s. Promising results were obtained for RELP, SBC, and APC, while the tested versions of ATC got disappointingly low scores.
Selective Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Inhibitors Potentiate Insulin Activation of Glucose Transport and Utilization In Vitro and In Vivo (2003)

Insulin resistance plays a central role in the development of type 2 diabetes, but the precise defects in insulin action remain to be elucidated. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) can negatively regulate several aspects of insulin signaling, and elevated levels of GSK-3 have been reported in skeletal muscle from diabetic rodents and humans. A limited amount of information is available regarding the utility of highly selective inhibitors of GSK-3 for the modification of insulin action under conditions of insulin resistance. In the present investigation, we describe novel substituted aminopyrimidine derivatives that inhibit human GSK-3 potently (K(i) < 10 nmol/l) with at least 500-fold selectivity against 20 other protein kinases. These low molecular weight compounds activated glycogen synthase at approximately 100 nmol/l in cultured CHO cells transfected with the insulin receptor and in primary hepatocytes isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats, and at 500 nmol/l in isolated type 1 skeletal muscle of both lean Zucker and ZDF rats. It is interesting that these GSK-3 inhibitors enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose transport in type 1 skeletal muscle from the insulin-resistant ZDF rats but not from insulin-sensitive lean Zucker rats. Single oral or subcutaneous doses of the inhibitors (30-48 mg/kg) rapidly lowered blood glucose levels and improved glucose disposal after oral or intravenous glucose challenges in ZDF rats and db/db mice, without causing hypoglycemia or markedly elevating insulin. Collectively, our results suggest that these selective GSK-3 inhibitors may be useful as acute-acting therapeutics for the treatment of the insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes.
ICP‐MS‐Based strategies for protein quantification (2009)

In the post-genomics era, proteomics has become a central branch in life sciences. An understanding of biological functions will not only rely on protein identification, but also on protein quantification in a living organism. Most of the existing methods for quantitative proteomics are based on isotope labeling combined with molecular mass spectrometry. Recently, a remarkable progress that utilizes inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as an attractive complement to electrospray MS and MALDI MS for protein quantification, especially for absolute quantification, has been achieved. This review will selectively discuss the recent advances of ICP-MS-based technique, which will be expected to further mature and to become one of the key methods in quantitative proteomics.
Affinity of binding of radiolabeled (125I) heparin and low molecular weight heparin fraction CY 222 to endothelium in culture. (1987)

Binding of radiolabeled (125I) heparin and its low molecular weight fraction CY 222 (Choay) to human and porcine cultured endothelium was investigated. The binding was measured over a wide range of heparin or CY 222 concentration in culture medium, from less than 20-time up to more than 30-times of the therapeutic heparin level. A relatively small fraction (less than 1%) of tested products was bound to endothelium. The process of binding was temperature-independent. A comparable number of endothelial binding sites (approx. 10(12)/cm2) for both 125I-heparin and 125I-CY 222 was calculated. About 40% totally bound 125I-heparin and 30% of 125I-CY 222 was found in extracellular matrix of cultured endothelium. The endothelium exhibited a 2.4-times lower affinity for 125I-CY 222 (Kd = 5.59 +/- 1.77 microM) than that for 125I-heparin (Kd = 2.35 +/- 0.78 microM). A similar affinity of human (venous) and porcine (aortic) endothelium for 125I-heparin was demonstrated. Cultured endothelium exhibited the same affinity for unlabeled heparin as for 125I-heparin. The endothelium depleted of sialic acid residues bound 1.5-times more of 125I-CY 222 than the control endothelium in culture.
Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning (2017)

Database management system (DBMS) configuration tuning is an essential aspect of any data-intensive application effort. But this is historically a difficult task because DBMSs have hundreds of configuration "knobs" that control everything in the system, such as the amount of memory to use for caches and how often data is written to storage. The problem with these knobs is that they are not standardized (i.e., two DBMSs use a different name for the same knob), not independent (i.e., changing one knob can impact others), and not universal (i.e., what works for one application may be sub-optimal for another). Worse, information about the effects of the knobs typically comes only from (expensive) experience.
Quantitation, Visualization, and Monitoring of Conformational Transitions of Human Serum Albumin by a Tetraphenylethene Derivative with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics (2010)

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a major protein component of blood plasma, and its assay is of obvious value to biological research. We, herein, present a readily accessible fluorescent bioprobe for HSA detection and quantitation. A nonemissive tetraphenylethene derivative named sodium 1,2-bis[4-(3-sulfonatopropoxyl)phenyl]-1,2-diphenylethene (BSPOTPE) is induced to emit by HSA, showing a novel phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The AIE bioprobe enjoys a broad working range (0-100 nM), a low detection limit (down to 1 nM), and a superior selectivity to albumins. The fluorescent bioassay is unperturbed by the miscellaneous bioelectrolytes in the artificial urine. The AIE luminogen can also be used as a rapid and sensitive protein stain in gel electrophoresis for HSA visualization. Utilizing the AIE feature of BSPOTPE and the Forster resonance energy transfer from HSA to BSPOTPE, the unfolding process of HSA induced by guanidine hydrochloride is monitored, which reveals a multistep transition with the involvement of molten globule intermediates. Computational modeling suggests that the AIE luminogens dock in the hydrophobic cleft between subdomains IIA and IIIA of HSA with the aid of hydrophobic effect, charge neutralization, and hydrogen bonding interactions, offering mechanistic insight into the microenvironment inside the hydrophobic cavity.
Guidelines for the prevention of migraine. (1999)

Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.
The Tilted Sandwich Debond (TSD) Specimen for Face/Core Interface Fracture Characterization (1999)

A new test specimen, denoted "Tilted Sandwich Debond" (TSD) specimen, for characterization of debond failure of foam core sandwich structure is experimentally examined. The bottom face of a sandwich is attached to an incline, and debond progression is examined under vertical load application to the partially debonded top face. The purpose of the test is to achieve face/core debonding as opposed to crack deflection into the core (kinking). For a sandwich consisting of glass/vinylester face sheets and PVC foam core, a critical angle of the incline, 0 = Oc was identified. When 0 &lt; Oc, it was found that an existing debond kinked into the core. The desired face/core debond failure occurred when 0 &gt; Oc. It was observed that 0C decreases with increasing crack length. The fracture toughness for debonding, expressed as the critical strain energy release rate, Gc, increased with increasing magnitude of the shear component.
New rare-earth permanent magnets with an intrinsic coercivity of 10 kOe at 500 °C (1999)

Sm ( Co bal Fe 0.1 Cu x Zr 0.033 ) z magnets with higher Cu content were found to have higher intrinsic coercivity Hci at both room temperature and higher temperatures up to 500 °C. For the magnets with a ratio z=8.5, the intrinsic coercivity reaches a maximum of about 40 kOe at room temperature when the Cu content x reaches 0.088. But for the magnets with a ratio z=7.0, the intrinsic coercivity continues to increase with increasing Cu content x up to 0.128. Microstructure analysis showed that the cell size decreases while the density of lamella phase increases with increasing Cu content. A record high intrinsic coercivity of 10.8 kOe at 500 °C was obtained on a Sm(CobalFe0.1Cu0.128Zr0.033)z magnet.
Complete assignment and conformational studies of tomatine and tomatidine (1992)

Abstract Heteronuclear correlation techniques and homonuclear E.COSY spectra were used to obtain a complete assignment of the 13 C and 1 H NMR spectra of the aglycone tomatidine. In addition, 1D/2D TOCSY, NOESY and ROESY spectra allowed the assignment of the sugar moiety in tomatine. The procedure used is of general applicability for the structural elucidation of sugars and glycosidic biomolecules.
Severe Cardiotoxicity in a Patient with Colorectal Cancer Treated with Bevacizumab (2017)

Although clinically-effective, the severe cardiotoxicity of bevacizumab developed after over 20 courses of treatment prompted us to look for optimal chemotherapy prescription in order to achieve a better clinical outcome.
A metal–organic framework material that functions as an enantioselective catalyst for olefin epoxidation (2006)

A new microporous metal-organic framework compound featuring chiral (salen)Mn struts is highly effective as an asymmetric catalyst for olefin epoxidation, yielding enantiomeric excesses that rival those of the free molecular analogue. Framework confinement of the manganese salen entity enhances catalyst stability, imparts substrate size selectivity, and permits catalyst separation and reuse.
Cytotoxic agents directed to peptide hormone receptors: Defining the requirements for a successful drug (1998)

In principle, cell surface receptors that are overexpressed in tumor tissue could serve as targets for anticancer drugs attached to receptor ligands. The purpose of this paper is to identify the necessary elements for a successful receptor-targeted drug. We used the gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor as a model delivery system, and we report on the synthesis, trafficking, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of heptagastrin, the C-terminal heptapeptide of gastrin, linked via an appropriate linker to a potently cytotoxic ellipticine derivative, 1-[3-[N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-methylamino]propyl]amino-9-methoxy-5, 11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole. These data, and previous work from our laboratory, show that the drug-complexed ligand is sorted to lysosomes whereas the receptor is recycled to the plasma membrane. The lysosomal processing of the ligand/drug construct depends on the linker between the ligand sequence and the cytotoxic moiety. We show that heptagastrin linked to ellipticine via a succinoyl-substituted pentapeptide, AlaLeuAlaLeuAla, is at least 10(3) more toxic to cholecystokinin type B receptor-positive NIH/3T3 cells than to isogenic NIH/3T3 cells lacking the receptor. The conjugated drug eradicated all receptor-positive tumor cells in vivo without producing any general toxicity. The data indicate that the density of the cell surface receptor, the properties of the cytotoxic moiety, and the correct processing of the drug-conjugated ligand in lysosomes are crucial to the effectiveness of a receptor-targeted drug.
Advanced Self-Deployable Structures for Space Applications (2007)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Postconditioning Does Not Improve Renal Function or Attenuate Tubular Damage in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice (2009)

, a series of brief ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cycles at reperfusion onset, is a recently described approach to attenuate I/R injury in the heart and brain. Here, we examined its effect on acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a mouse model. C57/black mice were subjected to right nephrectomy and 26-min left renal artery occlusion, and then divided into three groups: Group I, mice were only reperfused for 48 hr; Group II, mice received PostC that was initiated by three cycles of 30-s ischemia with a 30-s interval immediately after initial ischemia before reperfusion; Group III, mice were reperfused for 10 min after initial ischemia and then received the same regime of PostC prior to reperfusion. At 48 hr after reperfusion, renal function was assessed by measurement of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and tubular damage was evaluated by histology. Our results showed that I/R injury led to increased serum creatinine and BUN levels and tubular damage. However, PostC did not improve renal function, or attenuate pathological damage to tubules. These results suggest that PostC does not provide a protective effect on renal injury due to ischemia in C57/black mice with these two protocols.
Bifrost inbox organizer (2002)

Many email users, especially managers, receive too many email messages to read in the time available to them. The solutions available today often require programming skills on the part of the user to define rules for prioritizing messages or moving messages to folders. We propose a different approach: categorize messages in the inbox with predefined rules that do not require maintenance and are scalable to handle anything from 50 to thousands of messages.
Stability and folding properties of a model β‐sheet protein, Escherichia coli CspA (1998)

Although beta-sheets represent a sizable fraction of the secondary structure found in proteins, the forces guiding the formation of beta-sheets are still not well understood. Here we examine the folding of a small, all beta-sheet protein, the E. coli major cold shock protein CspA, using both equilibrium and kinetic methods. The equilibrium denaturation of CspA is reversible and displays a single transition between folded and unfolded states. The kinetic traces of the unfolding and refolding of CspA studied by stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy are monoexponential and thus also consistent with a two-state model. In the absence of denaturant, CspA refolds very fast with a time constant of 5 ms. The unfolding of CspA is also rapid, and at urea concentrations above the denaturation midpoint, the rate of unfolding is largely independent of urea concentration. This suggests that the transition state ensemble more closely resembles the native state in terms of solvent accessibility than the denatured state. Based on the model of a compact transition state and on an unusual structural feature of CspA, a solvent-exposed cluster of aromatic side chains, we propose a novel folding mechanism for CspA. We have also investigated the possible complications that may arise from attaching polyhistidine affinity tags to the carboxy and amino termini of CspA.
Inhibition of BET bromodomain proteins as a therapeutic approach in prostate cancer (2013)

BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal) proteins regulate gene expression through their ability to bind to acetylated chromatin and subsequently activate RNA PolII-driven transcriptional elongation. Small molecule BET inhibitors prevent binding of BET proteins to acetylated histones and inhibit transcriptional activation of BET target genes. BET inhibitors attenuate cell growth and survival in several hematologic cancer models, partially through the down-regulation of the critical oncogene, MYC. We hypothesized that BET inhibitors will regulate MYC expression in solid tumors that frequently over-express MYC. Here we describe the effects of the highly specific BET inhibitor, I-BET762, on MYC expression in prostate cancer models. I-BET762 potently reduced MYC expression in prostate cancer cell lines and a patient-derived tumor model with subsequent inhibition of cell growth and reduction of tumor burden in vivo. Our data suggests that I-BET762 effects are partially driven by MYC down-regulation and underlines the critical importance of additional mechanisms of I-BET762 induced phenotypes.
Staphylococcal biofilms impair wound healing by delaying reepithelialization in a murine cutaneous wound model (2009)

Bacterial biofilms have gained increasing visibility in recent years as a ubiquitous form of survival for microorganisms in myriad environments. A number of in vivo models exist for the study of biofilms in the setting of medically relevant implanted foreign bodies. Growing evidence has demonstrated the presence of bacterial biofilms in the setting of a number of chronic wound states including pressure sores, diabetic foot ulcers, and venous stasis ulcers. Here we present a novel murine cutaneous wound system that directly demonstrates delayed reepithelialization caused by the presence of a bacterial biofilm. We established biofilms using either Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis in splinted cutaneous punch wounds created on the backs of normal C57Bl6/J mice. Wound reepithelialization was significantly delayed by bacterial biofilms. This effect was specifically dependent on the ability of the bacteria to form biofilms as demonstrated by exogenous administration of biofilm inhibiting peptides and the use of mutant Staphylococcus spp. deficient in biofilm formation. This represents the first direct evidence for the effect of bacterial biofilms on cutaneous wound healing.