gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust speech transmission over noisy channels employing non-linear block codes (2003)

In medium to low bit rate speech codecs the speech signal is represented by a set of parameters. The most important concept is presently code excited linear predictive (CELP) coding. A speech segment of typically 10 to 20 ms is described in terms of prediction coefficients, gain factors and excitation vectors. Due to the high compression rates (0.5-1.5 bits per speech sample) the parameters are partly highly sensitive against channel noise. In this paper we present a new error protection technique, that is based on a joint optimization of parameter quantization and a redundant non-linear block coding scheme. For parameter reconstruction, the principle of soft bit source decoding is applied. The proposed technique can be used in combination with conventional error protection such as convolutional coding and allows a flexible subdivision of the gross data rate for source coding and error protection.
Layered, Erasable, Ultrathin Polymer Films (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTLayered, Erasable, Ultrathin Polymer FilmsSvetlana A. Sukhishvili and Steve GranickView Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 104 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 39, 9550–9551Publication Date (Web):September 14, 2000Publication History Received6 July 2000Revised11 August 2000Published online14 September 2000Published inissue 1 October 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja002410thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja002410trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2556Altmetric-Citations347LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Deposition,Ionization,Layers,Polymers,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Productive HIV-1 Infection of Primary CD4+ T Cells Induces Mitochondrial Membrane Permeabilization Leading to a Caspase-independent Cell Death (2002)

We have explored in vitro the mechanism by which human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) induces cell death of primary CD4+ T cells in conditions of productive infection. Although HIV-1 infection primed phytohemagglutinin-activated CD4+ T cells for death induced by anti-CD95 antibody, T cell death was not prevented by a CD95-Fc decoy receptor, nor by decoy receptors of other members of the TNFR family (TNFR1/R2, TRAILR1/R2/OPG, TRAMP) or by various blocking antibodies, suggesting that triggering of death receptors by their cognate ligands is not involved in HIV-induced CD4 T cell death. HIV-1 induced CD4 T cell shrinkage, cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim), and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor. A typical apoptotic phenotype (nuclear chromatin condensation and fragmentation) only occurred in around half of the dying cells. Treatment with benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone, a broad spectrum caspase inhibitor, prevented nuclear chromatin condensation and fragmentation in HIV-infected CD4+ T cells and in a cell-free system (in which nuclei were incubated with cytoplasmic extracts from the HIV-infected CD4+ T cells). Nevertheless, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone did not prevent mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cell death, suggesting that caspases are dispensable for HIV-mediated cell death. Our findings suggest a major role of the mitochondria in the process of CD4 T cell death induced by HIV, in which targeting of Bax to the mitochondria may be involved.
Tunable Photonic Microwave Bandpass Filter With Negative Coefficients Implemented Using an Optical Phase Modulator and Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings (2007)

A continuously tunable photonic microwave bandpass filter with positive and negative coefficients implemented using an optical phase modulator and chirped fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The positive and negative coefficients are generated through optical phase-modulation to intensity-modulation conversion by reflecting the phase-modulated optical carrier from linearly chirped FBGs (LCFBGs) with positive and negative dispersions. The tunability of the filter is realized by changing the wavelength of the optical carrier such that it is reflected at different physical locations in the LCFBGs. A two-tap microwave bandpass filter with a free spectral range tunable from 1.14 to 4.55 GHz is experimentally demonstrated.
Development and application of quantum dots for immunocytochemistry of human erythrocytes (2003)

Recent developments in quantum dot technology have resulted in the introduction of new fluorescence immunocytochemical probes. In contrast to organic fluorophores, which are not photostable, the high quantum yield and remarkable photostability of quantum dots solve major problems associated with immunocytochemical studies of erythrocytes. We report here the first application of quantum dots to immunocytochemical studies of human erythrocytes capable of being used in high-magnification, three-dimensional erythrocyte reconstruction techniques. The procedure consists of stabilizing human erythrocytes with a homofunctional imidoester cross-linker to minimize fixative-induced autofluorescence followed by reacting with a quantum dot - monoclonal antibody complex to label band 3 protein. Our new procedure clearly showed a non-homogeneous, raft-like distribution of band 3 protein in the erythrocyte membrane. We also demonstrate the applicability of our technique to studies of erythrocyte membrane modifications occurring during the invasion of a malaria parasite.
Sindbis virus infection in man. Report of a case with recovery of virus from skin lesions. (1963)

A virus which is immunologically closely related to the known AR 86 strain of Sindbis virus, was isolated from the vesicular skin lesions of a patient suffering from low fever, malaise, pains in the joints and tendons, and a rash which was maculopapular over the trunk and limbs, but vesicular on the fingers and toes.
The Changes of Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension due to Congenital Heart Disease (2013)

These results demonstrated that ACE2 may play an important regulatory role in CHD-PAH.
Reconstruction of dynamic renal tomographic data acquired by slow rotation. (2001)

The computer simulation, the canine study, and the patient study all show that reconstructions of the data obtained with 1 detector displayed artifacts, whereas reconstructions of the data obtained with 2 and 3 detectors were free of artifacts. Computer simulations showed that the method gives accurate results that allow quantitation.
A fast algorithm for locating supplying center on a lattice (1999)

One of the well known location problems is to find a supply point in a plane such that total weighted distance between supply point and a set of demand points is minimized. No known algorithm finds the exact solution. In this paper, we consider a restricted case. The solution domain considered here is confined to lattice points (that is, points with integer coordinates). Given m demand points in a plane and a convex polygon P with n vertices, we propose an algorithm to find a supply point with integer coordinates in convex polygon P such that total weighted distance from the point to these m points is minimized. If P is contained in U × U lattice, the worst case running time of the algorithm is recursively.
Automated Extraction of 3-D Railway Tracks from Mobile Laser Scanning Point Clouds (2014)

The demand for automated railway tracks extraction is driven by the importance of maintaining and updating the fundamental geographic data of railway tracks for railway engineering. Mobile laser scanning (MLS), which is a promising technology for the rapid 3-D mapping of railways, provides a good means to capture details along the corridors, including tracks, clearance of overhanging wires, natural obstructions (e.g., trees and rock faces), and tunnel/bridge clearances. This paper presents an automated method to detect tracks from MLS point clouds. Both the geometry and intensity data of railway tracks are utilized to extract track points and to model tracks. Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the validity of the proposed method based on the test dataset captured by Optech’s Lynx Mobile Mapper System, proving it a promising solution to extract 3-D tracks from MLS point clouds.
Tissue Engineering (1993)

The loss or failure of an organ or tissue is one of the most frequent, devastating, and costly problems in human health care. A new field, tissue engineering, applies the principles of biology and engineering to the development of functional substitutes for damaged tissue. This article discusses the foundations and challenges of this interdisciplinary field and its attempts to provide solutions to tissue creation and repair.
Discordant 16S and 23S rRNA Gene Phylogenies for the Genus Helicobacter : Implications for Phylogenetic Inference and Systematics (2005)

Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences has become the primary method for determining prokaryotic phylogeny. Phylogeny is currently the basis for prokaryotic systematics. Therefore, the validity of 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses is of fundamental importance for prokaryotic systematics. Discrepancies between 16S rRNA gene analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic analyses have been noted in the genus Helicobacter. To clarify these discrepancies, we sequenced the 23S rRNA genes for 55 helicobacter strains representing 41 taxa (>2,700 bases per sequence). Phylogenetic-tree construction using neighbor-joining, parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods for 23S rRNA gene sequence data yielded stable trees which were consistent with other phenotypic and genotypic methods. The 16S rRNA gene sequence-derived trees were discordant with the 23S rRNA gene trees and other data. Discrepant 16S rRNA gene sequence data for the helicobacters are consistent with the horizontal transfer of 16S rRNA gene fragments and the creation of mosaic molecules with loss of phylogenetic information. These results suggest that taxonomic decisions must be supported by other phylogenetically informative macromolecules, such as the 23S rRNA gene, when 16S rRNA gene-derived phylogeny is discordant with other credible phenotypic and genotypic methods. This study found Wolinella succinogenes to branch with the unsheathed-flagellum cluster of helicobacters by 23S rRNA gene analyses and whole-genome comparisons. This study also found intervening sequences (IVSs) in the 23S rRNA genes of strains of 12 Helicobacter species. IVSs were found in helices 10, 25, and 45, as well as between helices 31' and 27'. Simultaneous insertion of IVSs at three sites was found in H. mesocricetorum.
Inverse Correlation between Tumoral Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Endometrial Cancer: Its Association with Disease Progression and Survival (2008)

Tumoral IDO expression correlated with a reduced number of TILs and NK cells in endometrial cancer, possibly contributing to disease progression and impaired clinical outcome. These findings suggest that targeting IDO to restore host antitumor immunity may be a therapeutic strategy for endometrial cancer.
Understanding Barriers to Borrelia burgdorferi Dissemination during Infection Using Massively Parallel Sequencing (2013)

Borrelia burgdorferi is an invasive spirochete that can cause acute and chronic infections in the skin, heart, joints, and central nervous system of infected mammalian hosts. Little is understood about where the bacteria encounter the strongest barriers to infection and how different components of the host immune system influence the population as the infection progresses. To identify population bottlenecks in a murine host, we utilized Tn-seq to monitor the composition of mixed populations of B. burgdorferi during infection. Both wild-type mice and mice lacking the Toll-like receptor adapter molecule MyD88 were infected with a pool of infectious B. burgdorferi transposon mutants with insertions in the same gene. At multiple time points postinfection, bacteria were isolated from the mice and the compositions of the B. burgdorferi populations at the injection site and in distal tissues determined. We identified a population bottleneck at the site of infection that significantly altered the composition of the population. The magnitude of this bottleneck was reduced in MyD88(-/-) mice, indicating a role for innate immunity in limiting early establishment of B. burgdorferi infection. There is not a significant bottleneck during the colonization of distal tissues, suggesting that founder effects are limited and there is not a strict limitation on the number of organisms able to initiate populations at distal sites. These findings further our understanding of the interactions between B. burgdorferi and its murine host in the establishment of infection and dissemination of the organism.
Gene transfer of human acid sphingomyelinase corrects neuropathology and motor deficits in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type A disease (2005)

Niemann-Pick type A disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity. Previously we showed that storage pathology in the ASM knockout (ASMKO) mouse brain can be corrected by adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2)-mediated gene transfer. The present experiment compared the relative therapeutic efficacy of different recombinant AAV serotype vectors (1, 2, 5, 7, and 8) using histological, biochemical, and behavioral endpoints. In addition, we evaluated the use of the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) as a site for injection to facilitate global distribution of the viral vector and enzyme. Seven-week-old ASM knockout mice were injected within the DCN with different AAV serotype vectors encoding human ASM (hASM) and then killed at either 14 or 20 weeks of age. Results showed that AAV1 was superior to serotypes 2, 5, 7, and 8 in its relative ability to express hASM, alleviate storage accumulation, and correct behavioral deficits. Expression of hASM was found not only within the DCN, but also throughout the cerebellum, brainstem, midbrain, and spinal cord. This finding demonstrates that targeting the DCN is an effective approach for achieving widespread enzyme distribution throughout the CNS. Our results support the continued development of AAV based vectors for gene therapy of the CNS manifestations in Niemann-Pick type A disease.
Molecular Architecture of the Thylakoid Membrane:  Lipid Diffusion Space for Plastoquinone (2002)

We have determined the stoichiometric composition of membrane components (lipids and proteins) in spinach thylakoids and have derived the molecular area occupied by these components. From this analysis, the lipid phase diffusion space, the fraction of lipids located in the first protein solvation shell (boundary lipids), and the plastoquinone (PQ) concentration are derived. On the basis of these stoichiometric data, we have analyzed the motion of PQ between photosystem (PS) II and cytochrome (cyt.) bf complexes in this highly protein obstructed membrane (protein area about 70%) using percolation theory. This analysis reveals an inefficient diffusion process. We propose that distinct structural features of the thylakoid membrane (grana formation, microdomains) could help to minimize these inefficiencies and ensure a non-rate limiting PQ diffusion process. A large amount of published evidence supports the idea that higher protein associations exist, especially in grana thylakoids. From the quantification of the boundary lipid fraction (about 60%), we conclude that protein complexes involved in these associations should be spaced by lipids. Lipid-spaced protein aggregations in thylakoids are qualitatively different to previously characterized associations (multisubunit complexes, supercomplexes). We derive a hierarchy of protein and lipid interactions in the thylakoid membrane.
Evaluation of mixtures of purified Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane proteins in protection against challenge with nontypeable H. influenzae in the chinchilla otitis media model (1993)

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is one of the leading causative agents of bacterial otitis media, and no vaccine has been shown to be effective against it. Three outer membrane lipoproteins of NTHi have been investigated extensively and are leading candidates for inclusion in a vaccine against this organism. Hi-PAL (P6), recombinant PCP (rPCP), and e (P4) proteins are antigenically conserved among NTHi strains and elicit bactericidal and protective antibodies. A genetic fusion of the rPCP and Hi-PAL proteins has also been reported. Mixtures of these proteins were used for active immunization experiments in the chinchilla model of otitis media. Chinchillas were immunized either with a mixture of all three lipoproteins or with the mixture of rPCP-PAL hybrid plus e protein. When these animals were challenged with a NTHi strain injected directly into the middle ears, no protection from infection or disease, as measured by otoscopy, was observed in either group. However, effusion and inflammation measured by tympanometry were significantly reduced in animals immunized with the three lipoproteins. Animals that had been immunized with either whole NTHi cells or total outer membranes and then challenged with the homologous strain were significantly protected from both infection and disease, as determined by tympanometry and otoscopy. Unlike other animals antisera, chinchilla antisera against the purified proteins had no bactericidal activity against NTHi but did fix complement on the cell surface. Thus, the chinchilla immune responses to mixtures of these lipoproteins differ from the immune responses observed in other animal species. Further evaluation of these proteins for their vaccine potential remains to be done.
Treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. (2007)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, defined as the presence of macrovascular steatosis in the presence of less than 20 gm of alcohol ingestion per day, is the most common liver disease in the USA. It is most commonly associated with insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It is manifested by steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and, rarely, hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatic steatosis results from an imbalance between the uptake of fat and its oxidation and export. Insulin resistance, predisposing to lipolysis of peripheral fat with mobilization to and uptake of fatty acids by the liver, is the most consistent underlying pathogenic factor. It is not known why some patients progress to cirrhosis; however, the induction of CYP 2E1 with generation of reactive oxygen species appears to be important.Treatment is directed at weight loss plus pharmacologic therapy targeted toward insulin resistance or dyslipidemia. Bariatric surgery has proved effective. While no pharmacologic therapy has been approved, emerging data on thiazolidinediones have demonstrated improvement in both liver enzymes and histology. There are fewer, but promising data, with statins which have been shown to be hepatoprotective in other liver diseases. The initial enthusiasm for ursodeoxycholic acid has not been supported by histologic studies.
Iron Chelation For Diseases Of Regional Siderosis (2013)

Abstract The traditional role of iron chelation therapy has been the reduction of body iron burden via chelation of excess metal from organs and fluids and its excretion via biliary-fecal and/or urinary routes. While that approach is applicable to systemic iron overload, as seen in various forms of hemosiderosis, it might not be suited for treating disorders of iron maldistribution that are characterized by discrete islands of siderosis that appear in a context background of normal or subnormal iron levels (as in sideroblastic anemias, cardiosiderosis in Friedreich ataxia-FRDA and neurosiderosis in Parkinson’s disease-PD). With the aim of clearing siderotic regions from labile (toxic) metal without interfering with essential local functions or with hematological iron-associated indices, we assessed here a conservative modality of iron chelation based on redeploying tissue chelated metal to physiological transferrin ( Sohn et al Blood 111:1690-9). As test redeployment agent we used deferiprone (DFP), a chelator with clinical proven record for correcting cardiac siderosis in systemic iron overload and in FRDA regional siderosis and for neuroprotection in a translational model of regional (brain) siderosis (that simulate key features of PD)( Moreau et al Am. J. Hematol. 2013;88:E5-E243). As part of a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of DFP in early stage PD patients (n=40) already stabilized with dopamine/dopaminergic regimens, we assessed whether a up to 18 month treatment (DFP 30 mg/kg/d in 2 daily syrup servings of Ferriprox) that significantly decreased substantia nigra-pars compacta siderosis (by T2* MRI) and showed neuro-functional benefits (UPDRS score), affected adversely hematological parameters. With the exception of 2 neutropenia patients that were withdrawn early in the trial (and resolved spontaneously) all others on DFP maintained steady plasma iron (80-115 ug/L), Tf- Sat (17-33%) hemoglobin levels (13.8-14.4 g/dL) and hematocrit (40-42 %) throughout the entire study, with just traces of daily sideruria but with serum ferritin that significantly dropped from 95±35 ng/ml to 30 ± 10 ng/ml during the first 12 months but not thereafter. We conclude that to the extent that iron chelation might have beneficial effects for treating neurodegenerative disorders that have a component of neurosiderosis, the modality of the DFP-based therapy provides a paradigm for treating regional siderosis without affecting hematological parameters. Supported by PHRC grants from the French Ministry of Research and the Adelina and Massimo DellaPergola Chair, HUJI, Jerusalem, Israel Disclosures: Cabantchik: Aferrix: Consultancy; Apopharma: invited speaker, invited speaker Other; Novartis: Speakers Bureau. Off Label Use: Deferiprone for Parkinson's Disease.