gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human CD47 Expression Permits Survival of Porcine Cells in Immunodeficient Mice that Express SIRPα Capable of Binding to Human CD47 (2011)

Signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) is a critical immune inhibitory receptor on macrophages, and its interaction with CD47 prevents autologous phagocytosis. We have previously shown that pig CD47 does not interact with human SIRPα, and that human CD47 expression inhibits phagocytosis of porcine cells by human macrophages in vitro. In this study, we have investigated the potential of human CD47 expression to promote porcine cell survival in vivo. Human CD47-expressing and control porcine B-lymphoma cells were transplanted into T- and B-cell-deficient nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice that express SIRPα capable of interacting with human CD47. Only the human CD47-expressing porcine lymphoma cells survived and were able to form tumors in NOD/SCID mice; however, both the control and human CD47-expressing porcine cells survived in macrophage-depleted NOD/SCID mice. These results indicate that transgenic expression of human CD47 may provide an effective approach to inhibiting macrophage-mediated xenograft rejection in clinical xenotransplantation.
Transcutaneous Vagal Nerve Stimulation (tVNS): a new neuromodulation tool in healthy humans? (2015)

OPINION article Front. Psychol., 10 February 2015Sec. Cognition https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00102
Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the Escherichia coli cytolethal distending toxin genes (1994)

A limited number of Escherichia coli isolates which produce an apparently novel toxin, termed cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), have been reported. The toxic activity produced by these strains causes certain cultured cell lines to become slowly distended and then disintegrate. DNA was isolated from the CDT-producing E. coli strain, 9142-88, and cloned into a cosmid vector. Plasmid DNA from a toxin-positive transductant was further subcloned until a plasmid with a 4-kb insert which still encoded the toxin activity was obtained. Nucleotide sequencing of a portion of this insert revealed the presence of three adjacent open reading frames. Further subcloning and deletion analysis suggested that the products of all three open reading frames may be required for toxin activity. Minicell experiments identified the products of all three open reading frames. The three proteins had predicted sizes of 27,753,29,531, and 19,938 Da, and all three appeared to have strong consensus leader sequences. None of the three predicted proteins had significant homology to known proteins.
External cavity laser array with monolithically integrated glass waveguide and Rowland circle grating for WDM applications (2002)

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is rapidly becoming a mainstream technology for high capacity optical communications. One of the critical components needed in WDM systems is a multi-wavelength laser array. The external cavity laser array configuration, which exhibits accurate channel spacing control, is particularly appealing for many WDM systems. Up to now all integrated external laser array processes require one or more steps or semiconductor regrowth and/or alloy disordering to produce the passive elements. These greatly limit the materials and devices which can be used. In this paper we present an integrated WDM laser array based on an external glass cavity Rowland circle spectrometer which does not require a regrowth process. The laser array process is fully compatible with the conventional ridge laser process and, thus, can be implemented in all materials systems.
Spatial Organization of Enzymes in Plant Metabolic Pathways (1992)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
Malaria vaccine candidate based on Duffy-binding protein elicits strain transcending functional antibodies in a Phase I trial (2018)

Reticulocyte invasion by <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> requires interaction of the Duffy-binding protein (PvDBP) with host Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARCs). The binding domain of PvDBP maps to a cysteine-rich region referred to as region II (PvDBPII). Blocking this interaction offers a potential path to prevent <i>P. vivax</i> blood-stage growth and <i>P. vivax</i> malaria. This forms the rationale for development of a vaccine based on PvDBPII. Here we report results of a Phase I randomized trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant PvDBPII formulated with glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-stable emulsion (GLA-SE). Thirty-six malaria-naive, healthy Indian male subjects aged 18-45 years were assigned into three cohorts corresponding to doses of 10, 25 and 50 µg of PvDBPII formulated with 5 µg of GLA-SE. Each cohort included nine PvDBPII/GLA-SE vaccinees and three hepatitis B control vaccine recipients. Each subject received the assigned vaccine intramuscularly on days 0, 28 and 56, and was followed up till day 180. No serious AE was reported and PvDBPII/GLA-SE was well-tolerated and safe. Analysis by ELISA showed that all three doses of PvDBPII elicited antigen-specific binding-inhibitory antibodies. The 50 µg dose elicited antibodies against PvDBPII that had the highest binding-inhibitory titres and were most persistent. Importantly, the antibody responses were strain transcending and blocked receptor binding of diverse PvDBP alleles. These results support further clinical development of PvDBPII/GLA-SE to evaluate efficacy against sporozoite or blood-stage challenge in controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) models and against natural <i>P. vivax</i> challenge in malaria endemic areas.
Orientation specific synthesis of kinked silicon nanowires grown by the vapour–liquid–solid mechanism (2009)

Kinked silicon nanowires (Si-NWs) were synthesized in a well reproducible manner using gold nanocluster-catalyzed quasi-one-dimensional growth on Si(111) substrates with silane (SiH(4)) as the precursor gas. The kinking is considered to be due to the change in the growth direction induced by the sudden change of the pressure during Si-NW synthesis. Structural high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterization of the sample shows that epitaxial Si-NWs synthesized on Si(111) substrates at a total pressure of 3 mbar grow along the {111} direction, while the ones at 15 mbar favour the {112} direction. By dynamically changing the system pressure during the growth process morphological changes of the NW growth directions along their length have been shown, resulting in kinked nanowires. The crystallographic orientation relation of the kinking between the 3 and 15 mbar ranges has been analysed by TEM. It is shown that no defects or grain boundaries in the intersection between the two sections of the Si-NWs are necessary to form such kinks between different wire directions.
β-Catenin, a novel prognostic marker for breast cancer: Its roles in cyclin D1 expression and cancer progression (2000)

Beta-catenin can function as an oncogene when it is translocated to the nucleus, binds to T cell factor or lymphoid enhancer factor family members, and transactivates its target genes. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclin D1 is one of the targets of beta-catenin in breast cancer cells. Transactivation of beta-catenin correlated significantly with cyclin D1 expression both in eight breast cell lines in vitro and in 123 patient samples. More importantly, we found that high beta-catenin activity significantly correlated with poor prognosis of the patients and was a strong and independent prognostic factor in breast cancer. Our studies, therefore, indicated that beta-catenin can be involved in breast cancer formation and/or progression and may serve as a target for breast cancer therapy.
Loudness of simple and complex stimuli in electric hearing. (1995)

In a earlier study we showed that loudness function depends on stimulus frequency for simple sinusoidal and pulsatile stimuli in cochlear implants. Loudness is an exponential function of stimulus amplitude for high frequencies (> 300 Hz) and a power function for low frequencies (< 300 Hz). Two experiments were conducted to extend our previous work in eight Ineraid cochlear implant subjects. First, loudness functions were measured by means of a magnitude estimation technique for simple sinusoidal stimuli. Stimuli were 100- and 1,000-Hz sinusoids. Stimuli had a duration of 300 milliseconds and were presented at amplitudes representing 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% of the dynamic range. Loudness estimates were best fit by an exponential function for the 1,000-Hz sinusoid and by a power function for the 100-Hz sinusoid. The estimation result is consistent with previous results that were obtained with a loudness balance technique. In a second experiment, loudness functions were studied for modulated stimuli, in which a 1,000-Hz sinusoid was modulated by a 100-Hz sinusoid at either 50% or 100% modulation depth. A linear loudness-balance function was obtained between the modulated stimuli and a 1,000-Hz sinusoidal standard, indicating that the modulated stimuli have the same exponential loudness function as the 1,000-Hz carrier despite the 100-Hz modulator. This result has important implications for speech processor design, because many devices use low-frequency speech envelopes to modulate a high-frequency carrier. This result also provides a psychophysical basis for the logarithmic amplitude transformation in commonly used speech processors to compress the wide acoustic dynamic range into a narrow electric dynamic range while preserving normal loudness function.
Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA for a carbohydrate binding receptor unique to rat Kupffer cells. (1988)

cDNA comprising the entire length of the rat Kupffer cell receptor (Mr = 88,000 and 77,000) for carbohydrates with an affinity for fucose and galactose was isolated, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Receptor cDNA encoded a protein containing 550 amino acid residues with a Mr = 61,104. This Mr was consistent with the size of the deglycosylated receptor which was found to contain two polypeptides by gel electrophoresis with Mr = 58,000 and 52,000, respectively. Edman degradation of the receptor yielded a sequence which corresponded to amino acid residues 83-104 of the sequence derived from the cDNA. This confirmed that the cDNA which had been isolated corresponded to mRNA for the receptor and suggested that the smaller polypeptide in receptor preparations arises by proteolysis of the intact receptor. Amino acid composition of the receptor was nearly identical to that predicted by the cDNA. The Kupffer cell receptor was found to be homologous to other carbohydrate binding proteins including the hepatic receptors with different binding specificities. The Kupffer cell receptor also contained a series of 18 contiguous, homologous sequences with an average length of 14 residues.
The Signal Peptide of the Ebolavirus Glycoprotein Influences Interaction with the Cellular Lectins DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR (2006)

The C-type lectins DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR (collectively referred to as DC-SIGN/R) bind to the ebolavirus glycoprotein (EBOV-GP) and augment viral infectivity. DC-SIGN/R strongly enhance infection driven by the GP of EBOV subspecies. Zaire (ZEBOV) but have a much less pronounced effect on infection mediated by the GP of EBOV subspecies. Sudan (SEBOV). For this study, we analyzed the determinants of the differential DC-SIGN/R interactions with ZEBOV- and SEBOV-GP. The efficiency of DC-SIGN engagement by ZEBOV-GP was dependent on the rate of GP incorporation into lentiviral particles, while appreciable virion incorporation of SEBOV-GP did not allow robust DC-SIGN/R usage. Forced incorporation of high-mannose carbohydrates into SEBOV-GP augmented the engagement of DC-SIGN/R to the levels observed with ZEBOV-GP, indicating that appropriate glycosylation of SEBOV-GP is sufficient for efficient DC-SIGN/R usage. However, neither signals for N-linked glycosylation unique to SEBOV- or ZEBOV-GP nor the highly variable and heavily glycosylated mucin-like domain modulated the interaction with DC-SIGN/R. In contrast, analysis of chimeric GPs identified the signal peptide as a determinant of DC-SIGN/R engagement. Thus, ZEBOV- but not SEBOV-GP was shown to harbor high-mannose carbohydrates, and GP modification with these glycans was controlled by the signal peptide. These results suggest that the signal peptide governs EBOV-GP interactions with DC-SIGN/R by modulating the incorporation of high-mannose carbohydrates into EBOV-GP. In summary, we identified the level of GP incorporation into virions and signal peptide-controlled glycosylation of GP as determinants of attachment factor engagement.
Liver transplantation: Yesterday, today and tomorrow (2008)

With the advances in technical skills, management of postoperative complications and improvements in immunosuppressive drugs, liver transplantation is the standard treatment for many patients with chronic liver disease. Today, shortage of donor organs seems to be the major limiting factor for the application of liver transplantation. This review focuses on five issues that are challenging to clinical practice of liver transplantation and relevant to gastroenterologists. These include living donor liver transplantation, recurrent viral hepatitis, non-heart-beating donors, hepatocellular carcinoma, and ABO incompatible liver transplantation. Living donor and non-heart beating donor transplantations were initiated as a solution to increase the donor organ pool and it is expected that there will be an increase in the number of these donors. Recurrent hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation are among major problems and ongoing research in these diseases may lead to better outcomes in these recipients.
Structure and Properties of Composites Compression-Molded from Polyurethane Prepolymer and Various Soy Products (2003)

A series of protein composites was successfully prepared from 30 to 50 wt % polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) with soy dreg (SD), soy whole flour (SWF), and soy protein isolate (SPI), by a compression-molding process at 120 °C without addition of any plasticizer. The structure and properties of the sheets were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile test, and biodegradability test. The results indicated that the −NCO groups in PUP reacted with −NH2, −NH−, and −OH groups in soy products to form a certain degree of grafting and cross-linking, showing a new glass transition temperature (Tg) at −32 to −25 °C, compared with raw materials. Moreover, the toughness, thermal stability, and water resistivity of the composite sheets significantly increased. By increasing PUP content, the elastomer materials blended PUP and soy protein could be obtained. The protein component in the soy products plays a role in enhancement of the adhesivity, processability, and biodegradability. In addition, with an increase of cellulose content in the system, the tensile strength and water resistivity of the composite sheets increased. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and water resistivity were 6.9 MPa, 100%, and 0.55 for SD-U50 sheet from SD with 50 wt % PUP, and 4.8 MPa, 140%, and 0.50 for SPI-U50 sheet from SPI with 50 wt % PUP, respectively. Therefore, composite materials could be prepared by controlling the content of PUP and changing the types of soy products to obtain desired properties.
Butanol production in Lactic acid bacteria (2012)

Butanol as an alternative liquid fuel has many advantages compared to ethanol, the number one biofuel used nowadays. This 4-carbon alcohol has higher energy content, lower enthalpy of vaporization, lower water adsorption, better blending characteristics, it is less corrosive, and it can be used in conventional engines without any modification.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\nThe aim of this project was to understand and characterize proteins involved in the 2-butanol production in &lt;I&gt;Lactobacillus brevis&lt;/I&gt; strains: diol dehydratase dependent on\ncoenzyme B12 and alcohol dehydrogenase.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\nStrains of &lt;I&gt;L. brevis&lt;/I&gt; (SE20 and SE31) originally isolated from SEKAB ETechnology biorreactors (Örnskoldsvik, Sweden), were studied with respect to their ability to reduce 2,3-butanediol to 2-butanol. Later, enzyme activity in these strains was determinated.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\nDiol dehydratase was studied using the MBTH method based on the ability of ketones and aldehydes to react with it, forming azine derivatives which can be determined spectrophotometrically at 305 nm. The presence of substrate in the medium, has a positive control effect in enzyme activation, as the activity values increased about\ntwice. Due to a limit project time, this enzyme wasn’t characterized in terms of Km and Vmax.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\nAlcohol dehydrogenase activity was determined by measuring the reduction of NAD&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; to NADH at 340 nm. The parameters, maximum velocity and Michaelis constant were determined graphically by three linear methods (Lineweaver-Burk, Eadie Hofstee and Hanes-Woolf), for forward and reverse butanol reaction, showing that both reaction directions were active.
Synthesis of potential anticancer agents: imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines and imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines (1987)

The 1,2-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]pyrazines (1) are mitotic inhibitors with significant antitumor activity in mice. Also, the active imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine 3 was shown to cause the accumulation of cells at mitosis. Routes were developed for the synthesis of congeners of 3 by cyclization of 4-(substituted amino)-5,6-diaminopyridines with ethyl orthoformate. Oxidative cyclization of either 4,5- or 5,6-diaminopyridines with aryl aldehydes produced the [4,5-c] and [4,5-b] imidazopyridine ring systems, respectively. The latter reaction with 6-(substituted amino)-4,5-diaminopyridines gave imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine ring analogues of 1. Biological studies indicated that the target compounds were less active than 1 and 3.
New class of superconductors discovered (1988)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNew class of superconductors discoveredRON DAGANIView Author Information WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1988, 66, 5, 5Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1988Publication History Published online8 November 2010Published inissue 1 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v066n005.p005https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v066n005.p005newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1988 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Elements,Materials,Superconductivity,Superconductors Get e-Alerts
Sleep Disturbances and Substance Use Disorders: A Bi-Directional Relationship (2016)

A complex bi-directional relationship exists between substance use and sleep that encompasses several sleep disturbances including insomnia, hypersomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Substances of abuse produce their effect by acting on various receptor and neurotransmitter systems, some of which are involved in normal sleep regulation. Disruption of these neurotransmitter systems can lead to changes in the normal sleep architecture, causing sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances can persist even after abstinence, a fact that is often not well recognized by substance use disorder treatment programs, and can lead to relapses. Incorporating strategies to counter sleep disturbances can help in relapse prevention. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies exist that can be used to treat sleep disturbances in substance use disorders. The potential scope of these strategies is large, but currently there are limited data regarding which pharmacologic options are effective in treating sleep disturbances in patients with substance use disorders. Further advancement in the development of pharmacologic agents could lead to new strategies to help in relapse prevention and successful completion of substance use disorder treatment programs. This review explores the complex bi-directional relationship between substance use and sleep disturbances. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2016;46(7):408–412.]
3-D geometry calibration and markerless electromagnetic tracking with a mobile C-arm (2007)

The design of mobile X-ray C-arm equipment with image tomography and surgical guidance capabilities involves the retrieval of repeatable gantry positioning in three-dimensional space. Geometry misrepresentations can cause degradation of the reconstruction results with the appearance of blurred edges, image artifacts, and even false structures. It may also amplify surgical instrument tracking errors leading to improper implant placement. In our prior publications we have proposed a C-arm 3D positioner calibration method comprising separate intrinsic and extrinsic geometry calibration steps. Following this approach, in the present paper, we extend the intrinsic geometry calibration of C-gantry beyond angular positions in the orbital plane into angular positions on a unit sphere of isocentric rotation. Our method makes deployment of markerless interventional tool guidance with use of high-resolution fluoro images and electromagnetic tracking feasible at any angular position of the tube-detector assembly. Variations of the intrinsic parameters associated with C-arm motion are measured off-line as functions of orbital and lateral angles. The proposed calibration procedure provides better accuracy, and prevents unnecessary workflow steps for surgical navigation applications. With a slight modification, the Misalignment phantom, a tool for intrinsic geometry calibration, is also utilized to obtain an accurate 'image-to-sensor' mapping. We show simulation results, image quality and navigation accuracy estimates, and feasibility data acquired with the prototype system. The experimental results show the potential of high-resolution CT imaging (voxel size below 0.5 mm) and confident navigation in an interventional surgery setting with a mobile C-arm.