gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with primary granulocytic sarcoma (GS) (2006)

16529 Background: GS preceding acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is extremely rare and the prognosis is poor. Patients usually undergo systemic chemotherapy (CT) but the role of HSCT is not sufficiently defined. Methods: We report on 3 cases of non-leukemic GS, all of those treated with inductive CT followed by either autologous or allogeneic SCT. Furthermore, the literature on the role of HSCT in GS is reviewed. Results: Case 1: A 55-year-old man presented with a mediastinal mass and right pleural effusion. Fluid cytology revealed hematopoietic cells. Mediastinoscopy showed GS but peripheral blood and bone marrow were free of blasts. He underwent 2 cycles of anthracyline-cytarabine (AC) containing induction CT followed by myeloablative conditioning and autologous SCT in 1 st remission. Radiotherapy to the mediastinum was applied afterwards. He remained in CR for 6 months when a leukemic relapse was diagnosed. He is currently undergoing reinduction CT and will proceed to receive an unrelated donor (URD) SCT. Case 2: A 51-year old man was diagnosed with GS of the right testicle. After orchiectomy he was followed by observation only. 8 months later a leukemic relapse [karyotype 46 XY, del (9)(q22), der(13) t(8;13)] occurred. The patient received 2 courses of AC-based induction CT followed by myeloablative conditioning and an HLA-matched URD transplant in 1 st CR. However, 27 months after HSCT another leukemic relapse was diagnosed. He received a 2 nd URD transplant but died of severe graft versus host disease (GvHD) and veno-occlusive disease 10 weeks later. Case 3: A 37 year-old woman was diagnosed with non-leukemic GS located at multiple bone sites. She underwent 4 courses of AC-containing CT resulting in a CR. 6 months later she presented with multiple recurrent GS confined to the skeleton. She received myeloablative conditioning followed by an allogeneic SCT from her HLA-mismatched brother. Another CR was attained. However, she suffered from severe GvHD and died of severe sepsis 3 months after HSCT. Conclusions: The outcome of patients with primary GS appears to be poor even after treatment with HSCT. However, allogeneic SCT has curative potential as indicated by some cases of successful transplants reported in the literature. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Monodispersed Core−Shell Fe3O4@Au Nanoparticles (2005)

The ability to synthesize and assemble monodispersed core-shell nanoparticles is important for exploring the unique properties of nanoscale core, shell, or their combinations in technological applications. This paper describes findings of an investigation of the synthesis and assembly of core (Fe(3)O(4))-shell (Au) nanoparticles with high monodispersity. Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles of selected sizes were used as seeding materials for the reduction of gold precursors to produce gold-coated Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (Fe(3)O(4)@Au). Experimental data from both physical and chemical determinations of the changes in particle size, surface plasmon resonance optical band, core-shell composition, surface reactivity, and magnetic properties have confirmed the formation of the core-shell nanostructure. The interfacial reactivity of a combination of ligand-exchanging and interparticle cross-linking was exploited for molecularly mediated thin film assembly of the core-shell nanoparticles. The SQUID data reveal a decrease in magnetization and blocking temperature and an increase in coercivity for Fe(3)O(4)@Au, reflecting the decreased coupling of the magnetic moments as a result of the increased interparticle spacing by both gold and capping shells. Implications of the findings to the design of interfacial reactivities via core-shell nanocomposites for magnetic, catalytic, and biological applications are also briefly discussed.
Well-Defined Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts:  Mechanism and Activity (1997)

Several ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts of the formula (PR3)2X2RuCHCHCPh2 have been synthesized, and relative catalyst activities were determined by monitoring the ring-closing metathesis of the acyclic diene diethyl diallylmalonate. The following order of increasing activity was determined: X = I < Br < Cl and PR3 = PPh3 ≪ PiPr2Ph < PCy2Ph < PiPr3 < PCy3. Additional studies were conducted with the catalyst (PCy3)2Cl2RuCH2 to probe the mechanism of olefin metathesis by this class of catalysts. The data support a scheme in which there are two competing pathways: the dominant one in which a phosphine dissociates from the ruthenium center and a minor one in which both phosphines remain bound. Higher catalyst activites could be achieved by the addition of CuCl to the reaction.
Alternative splicing of the sex determination gene transformer-2 is sex-specific in the germ line but not in the soma. (1990)

The transformer-2 (tra-2) gene of Drosophila melanogaster plays essential roles in both sexual differentiation in the female soma and spermatogenesis in the male germ line. In the female soma, tra-2 is known to act with other genes in the sex determination regulatory cascade to control the sex-specific alternative splicing of transcripts from the doublesex gene. Here, we determine whether or not any sex-specific tra-2 products are expressed that may account for either of these sex-specific activities. Sequence analysis of the tra-2 gene and 10 tra-2 cDNA clones coupled with nuclease protection analysis reveals a variety of alternatively spliced tra-2 mRNAs that each encode one of four distinct but overlapping polypeptides. Three of the encoded polypeptides contain both a ribonucleoprotein consensus sequence and arginine/serine-rich regions, suggesting a direct role for these products in RNA splicing. We show that although two transcripts are expressed male specifically in the germ line, the tra-2 transcripts expressed in the soma are not sex-specific. The translation of products from a tra-2-lacZ fusion gene in both sexes suggests that the female-specific functioning of tra-2 in somatic tissues is not attributable to a translational mechanism. We suggest that tra-2 activity in somatic tissues is regulated through a post-translational sex-specific interaction with the product of the tra gene rather than through the expression of a female-specific tra-2 polypeptide.
Electrospun Poly(Styrene-block-dimethylsiloxane) Block Copolymer Fibers Exhibiting Superhydrophobicity (2005)

Block copolymer poly(styrene-b-dimethylsiloxane) fibers with submicrometer diameters in the range 150-400 nm were produced by electrospinning from solution in tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide. Contact angle measurements indicate that the nonwoven fibrous mats are superhydrophobic, with a contact angle of 163 degrees and contact angle hysteresis of 15 degrees . The superhydrophobicity is attributed to the combined effects of surface enrichment in siloxane as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface roughness of the electrospun mat itself. Additionally, the fibers are shown by transmission electron microscopy to exhibit microphase-separated internal structures. Calorimetric studies confirm the strong segregation between the polystyrene and poly(dimethylsiloxane) blocks.
The chemistry and enzymology of the type I signal peptidases (1997)

The discovery that proteins exported from the cytoplasm are typically synthesized as larger precursors with cleavable signal peptides has focused interest on the peptidases that remove the signal peptides. Here, we review the membrane-bound peptidases dedicated to the processing of protein precursors that are found in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes and the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondrial inner membrane, and the chloroplast thylakoidal membrane of eukaryotes. These peptidases are termed type I signal (or leader) peptidases. They share the unusual feature of being resistant to the general inhibitors of the four well-characterized peptidase classes. The eukaryotic and prokaryotic signal peptidases appear to belong to a single peptidase family. This review emphasizes the evolutionary concepts, current knowledge of the catalytic mechanism, and substrate specificity requirements of the signal peptidases.
Pig alpha1 3galactosyltransferase A major target for genetic manipulation in xenotransplantation (1996)

Terminal carbohydrate residues of glycolipids and glycoproteins display polymorphism among as well as within various species. With the exception of Old World monkeys, great apes and man, the Gala1,3Gal structure is widely expressed in all mammals examined so far. The lack of expression of the glycosyltransferase responsible for the synthesis of Gala1,3Gal leads to the production of high titers of natural antibodies (NAb) against the Gala1,3Gal of other species. The inactivation of this gene occurred during early evolution of primates. Neutralization of viruses (e.g. retroviruses) carrying the epitope, by the pre-formed human NAb, indicates one possible evolutionary reason for the polymorphism of terminal carbohydrates among as well as within species. It has been shown that this epitope constitutes the major target, on pig endothelial cells (EC), for the pre-formed human NAb resulting in a hyperacute rejection (HAR) response. This currently makes transplantation of e.g. pig organs to humans impossible. Efforts are currently underway to prevent or to eradicate the expression of this epitope in transgenic pigs. Such pigs are likely to display a greatly increased resistance to the HAR.
Direct Adenoviral Transfer of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 cDNA Enhances Fracture Healing in Osteoporotic Sheep (2006)

Osteoporosis, a major public health burden, is associated with increased fracture risk. Fracture healing in osteoporosis is delayed, with reduced callus formation and impaired biomechanical properties of newly formed bone leading to high risk of fixation failure. Adenoviral gene transfer of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been shown to enhance fracture healing. This study evaluated the ability of gene transfer to enhance bone healing in osteoporosis. An established sheep model of osteoporosis with well-characterized alterations in fracture healing was used. Osteotomies were created surgically in the tibias of adult female sheep and monitored for 8 weeks, using radiographic, biomechanical, and histological methods. For pilot experiments, primary ovine osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells were transduced with a recombinant adenovirus carrying BMP-2 cDNA (Ad.BMP-2). Large increases in alkaline phosphatase production and mineralization confirmed the ability of human BMP-2 to stimulate osteoblastic differentiation in sheep. In vivo bending stiffness measurements during fracture healing as well as ex vivo torsional stiffness measurements demonstrated stiffer callus tissue after treatment with Ad.BMP-2. The differences were found mainly in the early fracture-healing period. Computed tomography demonstrated that animals receiving the BMP-2 cDNA had larger cross-sectional callus area and higher callus density. Histological examination of the tibias confirmed enhanced callus formation. Direct, local adenoviral delivery of an osteogenic gene thus led to enhanced healing of fractures in an ovine model of osteoporosis. These promising data encourage the further development of genetic approaches to enhance bone healing in patients suffering osteoporosis-associated fractures.
Synthesis of Molybdenum Oxide Nanoplatelets during Crystallization of the Precursor Gel from Its Hybrid Nanocomposites (2007)

A simple method has been proposed to realize the anisotropic crystallization of the layered structure of MoO3 directly from its amorphous gel. Large scale α-MoO3 nanoplatelets have been yielded by using the polymer as the surfactant and intercalation material. All the nanoplatelets showed a lowered dimensionality in the [010] direction.
Potential Antagonism of Tubulin-Binding Anticancer Agents in Combination Therapies (2005)

ZD6126 is a vascular targeting agent, developed for the treatment of solid tumors. In vivo, ZD6126 is rapidly converted into the tubulin-binding agent N-acetylcolchinol. We have previously reported that in vitro N-acetylcolchinol disrupts microtubules and induces rapid changes in endothelial cell morphology, which in a tumor would lead to a rapid loss of tumor vessel integrity and subsequent extensive tumor necrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs-cisplatin, doxorubicin, vincristine, paclitaxel, and docetaxel-on endothelial cell response to N-acetylcolchinol. We found that cisplatin and doxorubicin did not interfere with the ability of N-acetylcolchinol to cause morphologic changes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, whereas vincristine showed additive effects. In contrast, the microtubule-stabilizing agents paclitaxel (1-10 micromol/L) and docetaxel (0.1-1 micromol/L) prevented the morphologic changes induced by N-acetylcolchinol in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The effect was observed when cells were exposed to paclitaxel and N-acetylcolchinol together or when paclitaxel was given shortly before N-acetylcolchinol. Paclitaxel and N-acetylcolchinol interacted at the level of microtubule organization, as shown in immunofluorescence analysis of the cytoskeleton. The protective effect was reversible because 4 hours after paclitaxel wash out, cells recovered the sensitivity to N-acetylcolchinol. In vivo, pretreatment of mice with paclitaxel inhibited the vascular targeting activity of ZD6126 on newly formed vessels in the Matrigel plug assay and ZD6126-induced necrosis in tumors. These findings indicate that paclitaxel, depending on the timing and schedule of administration, can affect the vascular targeting activity of ZD6126, which may have an effect on the optimal scheduling of therapies based on the combined use of microtubule-stabilizing and microtubule-destabilizing agents.
Composite Grafts of Human Keratinocytes Grown on a Polyglactin Mesh-Cultured Fibroblast Dermal Substitute Function as a Bilayer Skin Replacement in Full-Thickness Wounds on Athymic Mice (1993)

We have developed and tested in athymic mice a new, cultured, dermal-epidermal graft composed of two human cell types coupled with a biodegradable dermal scaffold. Cultured, proliferating human keratinocytes (HK) were applied to the surface of a living dermal tissue replacement that is composed of human fibroblasts cultured on a polyglactin mesh. After 4 to 6 days of coculture, proliferating HKs achieved confluency on the surface of the living dermal tissue replacement. Grafts were then transferred to full-thickness wounds on the dorsum of athymic mice. Sixteen animals were grafted, and the mean percentage of graft take (original wound area covered) on day 20 after grafting was 51.25%. Staining with antibody specific for human involucrin confirmed the presence of HKs on closed wounds, and staining with antibody specific for human laminin revealed a continuous layer of laminin at the dermal-epidermal junction on day 20. Animals closed with living dermal tissue replacement alone markedly contracted, whereas application of living dermal tissue replacement-HK grafts appeared to retard contraction. Because polyglactin mesh fibers are absorbed by hydrolysis rather than by enzymatic degradation, this living composite graft may be more resistant to destruction when placed on excised human wounds than are composite grafts, which are composed of a collagen matrix. The inclusion of the living dermal substitute may ultimately provide better skin quality than is achieved from the use of cultured keratinocytes alone. Fragility of the epidermal layer is probably due to the short-term culture of HKs on the living dermal tissue replacement, and further efforts to develop a thicker epithelial layer may improve graft durability.
Interplay of Mre11 Nuclease with Dna2 plus Sgs1 in Rad51-Dependent Recombinational Repair (2009)

The Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 complex initiates IR repair by binding to the end of a double-strand break, resulting in 5' to 3' exonuclease degradation creating a single-stranded 3' overhang competent for strand invasion into the unbroken chromosome. The nuclease(s) involved are not well understood. Mre11 encodes a nuclease, but it has 3' to 5', rather than 5' to 3' activity. Furthermore, mutations that inactivate only the nuclease activity of Mre11 but not its other repair functions, mre11-D56N and mre11-H125N, are resistant to IR. This suggests that another nuclease can catalyze 5' to 3' degradation. One candidate nuclease that has not been tested to date because it is encoded by an essential gene is the Dna2 helicase/nuclease. We recently reported the ability to suppress the lethality of a dna2Delta with a pif1Delta. The dna2Delta pif1Delta mutant is IR-resistant. We have determined that dna2Delta pif1Delta mre11-D56N and dna2Delta pif1Delta mre11-H125N strains are equally as sensitive to IR as mre11Delta strains, suggesting that in the absence of Dna2, Mre11 nuclease carries out repair. The dna2Delta pif1Delta mre11-D56N triple mutant is complemented by plasmids expressing Mre11, Dna2 or dna2K1080E, a mutant with defective helicase and functional nuclease, demonstrating that the nuclease of Dna2 compensates for the absence of Mre11 nuclease in IR repair, presumably in 5' to 3' degradation at DSB ends. We further show that sgs1Delta mre11-H125N, but not sgs1Delta, is very sensitive to IR, implicating the Sgs1 helicase in the Dna2-mediated pathway.
Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines: effect of burley alkaloid isolines and nitrogen fertility management (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTobacco-specific N-nitrosamines: effect of burley alkaloid isolines and nitrogen fertility managementCharles T. MacKown, Farideh Eivazi, John L. Sims, and Lowell P. BushCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1984, 32, 6, 1269–1272Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00126a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00126a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A review of robotics in surgery (2000)

A brief introduction is given to the definitions and history of surgical robotics. The capabilities and merits of surgical robots are then contrasted with the related field of computer assisted surgery. A classification is then given of the various types of robot system currently being investigated internationally, together with a number of examples of different applications in both soft-tissue and orthopaedic surgery. The paper finishes with a discussion of the main difficulties facing robotic surgery and a prediction of future progress.
The adaptive multirate wideband speech codec (AMR-WB) (2002)

This paper describes the adaptive multirate wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec selected by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for GSM and the third generation mobile communication WCDMA system for providing wideband speech services. The AMR-WB speech codec algorithm was selected in December 2000 and the corresponding specifications were approved in March 2001. The AMR-WB codec was also selected by the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Sector (ITU-T) in July 2001 in the standardization activity for wideband speech coding around 16 kb/s and was approved in January 2002 as Recommendation G.722.2. The adoption of AMR-WB by ITU-T is of significant importance since for the first time the same codec is adopted for wireless as well as wireline services. AMR-WB uses an extended audio bandwidth from 50 Hz to 7 kHz and gives superior speech quality and voice naturalness compared to existing second- and third-generation mobile communication systems. The wideband speech service provided by the AMR-WB codec will give mobile communication speech quality that also substantially exceeds (narrowband) wireline quality. The paper details AMR-WB standardization history, algorithmic description including novel techniques for efficient ACELP wideband speech coding and subjective quality performance of the codec.
Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with a Monoclonal Antibody to Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (1996)

I. INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that causes substantial morbidity and accelerated mortality in affected patients ( l ,2). Beginning with the identification of rheumatoid factor in the middle of this century, it has become increasingly evident that the hallmark pathophysiological abnormality in RA is impaired regulation of the immune system. Although alterations in various cell types and soluble mediators have been identified in patients with RA, it appears that T cells are particularly important in this &quot;autoimmune disease.&quot; Data from a myriad of studies suggest that CD4+ T lymphocytes subserve a pivotal role in the initiation and perpetuation of the immunologically driven inflammation characteristic of RA (1,3,4). Therefore, a conceptually attractive approach to the treatment of RA targets T cells. There are sundry techniques by which the number or function ofT cells may be modulated. This includes medications and biological agents that limit T-cell cytokine function and monoclonal antibodies (MAb) that diminish T-cell number or function (5,6). Experiences with several such agents are reviewed in other chapters.
Lipid IVA inhibits synthesis and release of tumor necrosis factor induced by lipopolysaccharide in human whole blood ex vivo. (1990)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) released by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mononuclear phagocytes is a critical mediator of sepsis. We examined the capacities of rough mutant Salmonella typhimurium LPS (Rc) and LPS partial structures lipid A, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), lipid IVA, and lipid X to induce production of TNF in whole blood. Rc LPS (0.0001-10 ng/ml) produced a dose-dependent release of TNF as determined by cytotoxicity of actinomycin D-sensitized L929 murine fibroblasts. Lipid A, MPLA, lipid IVA, and lipid X exhibited decreasing capacities to stimulate production of TNF in whole blood, respectively. Fractional deacylation of LPS by incubation with acyloxyacyl hydrolase isolated from human leukocytes produced a reduction in the capacity of LPS to induce TNF release in whole blood. Maximal enzymatic deacylation reduced activity of LPS by greater than 100-fold. Coincubation with lipid IVA inhibited TNF release induced by Rc LPS or lipid A, but not by phorbol ester. In contrast, MPLA, lipid X, and deacylated LPS failed to inhibit LPS-stimulated release of TNF. Corresponding to the inhibition of the release of TNF protein, lipid IVA also inhibited the accumulation of TNF mRNA in LPS-stimulated mononuclear cells. These results suggest that lipid IVA may act as a competitive antagonist of LPS, perhaps at the receptor level.