gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human sperm lipid content is modified after migration into human cervical mucus (2004)

The effect of the female genital tract on sperm is not well known. To investigate the effect of cervical mucus on the lipid content of human sperm, we co-incubated sperm and mucus samples in vitro such that the sperm were able to swim in and out of the mucus samples. High performance liquid chromatography and UV detection were used to measure the lipid contents of the sperm and cervical mucus before and after migration. The concentrations of cholesterol, vitamin E, sphingomyelin, diacyls and plasmalogens in sperm were all approximately 45% lower after migration in cervical mucus and the cervical mucus was found to be enriched in some of these lipid species after the sperm migration. These results suggest that the cervical mucus selects a subpopulation of sperm with a lower lipid content. However, a concomitant efflux of various lipid classes from the sperm to the cervical mucus cannot be ruled out.
Enhanced Anti-HIV Functional Activity Associated with Gag-Specific CD8 T-Cell Responses (2010)

Effective HIV-specific T-cell immunity requires the ability to inhibit virus replication in the infected host, but the functional characteristics of cells able to mediate this effect are not well defined. Since Gag-specific CD8 T cells have repeatedly been associated with lower viremia, we examined the influence of Gag specificity on the ability of unstimulated CD8 T cells from chronically infected persons to inhibit virus replication in autologous CD4 T cells. Persons with broad (>or=6; n = 13) or narrow (<or=1; n = 13) Gag-specific responses, as assessed by gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assay, were selected from 288 highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-naive HIV-1 clade C-infected South Africans, matching groups for total magnitude of HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses and CD4 T-cell counts. CD8 T cells from high Gag responders suppressed in vitro replication of a heterologous HIV strain in autologous CD4 cells more potently than did those from low Gag responders (P < 0.003) and were associated with lower viral loads in vivo (P < 0.002). As previously shown in subjects with low viremia, CD8 T cells from high Gag responders exhibited a more polyfunctional cytokine profile and a stronger ability to proliferate in response to HIV stimulation than did low Gag responders, which mainly exhibited monofunctional CD8 T-cell responses. Furthermore, increased polyfunctionality was significantly correlated with greater inhibition of viral replication in vitro. These data indicate that enhanced suppression of HIV replication is associated with broader targeting of Gag. We conclude that it is not the overall magnitude but rather the breadth, magnitude, and functional capacity of CD8 T-cell responses to certain conserved proteins, like Gag, which predict effective antiviral HIV-specific CD8 T-cell function.
Antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of acetylcholinesterase gene expression induces progenitor cell expansion and suppresses hematopoietic apoptosis ex vivo. (1994)

To examine the role of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) in hematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation, we administered a 15-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide, antisense to the corresponding ACHE gene (AS-ACHE), to primary mouse bone marrow cultures. Within 2 hr of AS-ACHE addition to the culture, ACHE mRNA levels dropped by approximately 90%, as compared with those in cells treated with the "sense" oligomer, S-ACHE. Four days after AS-ACHE treatment, ACHE mRNA increased to levels 10-fold higher than in S-ACHE cultures or in fresh bone marrow. At this later time point, differential PCR display revealed significant differences between cellular mRNA transcripts in bone marrow and those in AS-ACHE- or S-ACHE-treated cultures. These oligonucleotide-triggered effects underlay considerable alterations at the cellular level: AS-ACHE but not S-ACHE increased cell counts, reflecting enhanced proliferation. In the presence of erythropoietin it also enhanced colony counts, reflecting expansion of progenitors. AS-ACHE further suppressed apoptosis-related fragmentation of cellular DNA in the progeny cells, and it diverted hematopoiesis toward production of primitive blasts and macrophages in a dose-dependent manner promoted by erythropoietin. These findings suggest that the hematopoietic role of acetylcholinesterase, anticipated to be inverse to the observed antisense effects, is to reduce proliferation of the multipotent stem cells committed to erythropoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis and macrophage production and to promote apoptosis in their progeny. Moreover, these findings may explain the tumorigenic association of perturbations in ACHE gene expression with leukemia.
Forming-free and self-rectifying resistive switching of the simple Pt/TaOx/n-Si structure for access device-free high-density memory application (2015)

The search for self-rectifying resistive memories has aroused great attention due to their potential in high-density memory applications without additional access devices. Here we report the forming-free and self-rectifying bipolar resistive switching behavior of a simple Pt/TaOx/n-Si tri-layer structure. The forming-free phenomenon is attributed to the generation of a large amount of oxygen vacancies, in a TaOx region that is in close proximity to the TaOx/n-Si interface, via out-diffusion of oxygen ions from TaOx to n-Si. A maximum rectification ratio of ∼6 × 10(2) is obtained when the Pt/TaOx/n-Si devices stay in a low resistance state, which originates from the existence of a Schottky barrier between the formed oxygen vacancy filament and the n-Si electrode. More importantly, numerical simulation reveals that the self-rectifying behavior itself can guarantee a maximum crossbar size of 212 × 212 (∼44 kbit) on the premise of 10% read margin. Moreover, satisfactory switching uniformity and retention performance are observed based on this simple tri-layer structure. All of these results demonstrate the great potential of this simple Pt/TaOx/n-Si tri-layer structure for access device-free high-density memory applications.
Copy detection systems for digital documents (2002)

Partial or total duplication of document content is common to large digital libraries. We present a copy detection system to automate the detection of application in digital documents. The system we present is sentence-based and makes three contributions: it proposes an intuitive definition of similarity between documents; it produces the distribution of overlap that exists between overlapping documents; it is resistant to inaccuracy due to large variations in document size. We report the results of several experiments that illustrate the behavior and functionality of the system.
Array dispersions of matrices and constructions of quasi-cyclic LDPC codes over non-binary fields (2008)

This paper presents two new algebraic constructions of high performance non-binary quasi-cyclic LDPC codes based on array dispersions of matrices over non-binary fields. Codes constructed perform well over the AWGN channel with iterative decoding using a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Fast</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Fourier</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Transform</i> based sum-product algorithm. They achieve significantly large coding gains over Reed-Solomon codes of the same lengths and rates decoded with either the hard-decision Berlekamp-Massey algorithm or the algebraic soft-decision Koetter-Vardy algorithm. Due to their quasi-cyclic structure, they can be efficiently encoded using simple shift-registers with linear complexity. They have a potential to replace RS codes for some applications in communication and storage systems.
Path Segment in MPLS Based Segment Routing Network (2018)

A Segment Routing (SR) path is identified by an SR segment list, one
or partial segments of the list cannot uniquely identify the SR path.
Path identification is a pre-requisite for various use-cases such as
performance measurement (PM) of an SR path. This document defines a
new type of segment that is referred to as Path Segment, which is used
to identify an SR path. When used, it is inserted at the ingress node
of the SR path and immediately follows the last segment of the SR
path. The Path Segment will not be popped off until it reaches the
egress node of the SR path. Path Segment can be used by the egress
node to implement path identification hence to support various use-
cases including SR path PM, end-to-end 1+1 SR path protection and
bidirectional SR paths correlation.
Long-term Effects of Amiodarone and its Non-iodinated Analogue, Dronedarone, on the Transcription of Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca^2+-ATPase Gene (2003)

Antiarrhythmic effects of long-term amiodarone is supposed to be mediated in part by cardio-selective hypothyroidism, but the issue remains controversial. We examined mRNA expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2 + -ATPase (SERCA2) by Northern blot analysis in rats treated with amiodarone (60mg/kg/day, 4 weeks) or dronedarone (60mg/kg/day, 4 weeks). SERCA2 mRNA level in ventricular muscle was significantly decreased in hypothyroid rats by 38′9% (p<0.05, n=4), whereas increased in hyperthyroid rats by 39′19% (p<0.05, n=4) compared with control (euthyroid) rats. Amiodarone treatment caused a slight decrease in SERCA2 mRNA (by 20′13%, n=4), whereas dronedarone treatment caused a slight increase (by 19′23%, n=3), although the changes did not reach statistical significance. Amiodarone and dronedarone have different effects on the gene transcription of SERCA2 in the heart, suggesting their different thyroid hormone-mediated actions.
Luminescence (1981)

When a substance absorbs energy in some form or other, a fraction of the absorbed energy may be re-emitted in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the visible or near-visible region of the spectrum. This phenomenon is called luminescence, with the understanding that this term does not include the emission of black-body radiation, which obeys the laws of Kirchhoff and Wien. Luminescent solids are usually referred to as phosphors.
The human multidrug resistance (mdr1) gene. cDNA cloning and transcription initiation. (1987)

Multidrug resistance in human KB carcinoma cells selected for resistance to colchicine, vinblastine, or adriamycin results from overexpression, and frequently amplification, of a specific gene (mdr1). Overlapping cDNA clones representing a complete 4.7-kilobase mdr1 transcript have been obtained from multidrug-resistant KB cells. Primer extension and S1 nuclease protection experiments show that two transcripts initiate 136 and 140 bases upstream from the first ATG codon in all human multidrug-resistant cell lines. The mdr1 gene is expressed in human normal kidney cells and HepG2 liver cells as a poly(A)+ RNA which starts from the same sites. Less prominent transcripts were found to initiate 155-180 bases upstream from the first ATG codon in vinblastine- or adriamycin-selected cell lines and 480-630 bases upstream in colchicine-selected cell lines. Southern hybridization analyses with different portions of a full-length cDNA indicate that the human mdr1 gene encompasses at least 70 kilobases of DNA amplified in all highly multidrug-resistant cell lines.
Analysis of an Alternator with Two Displaced Stator Windings (1974)

To improve efficiency and alleviate certain limitations in large generators, two separate stator windings have been suggested. The behavior of an alternator with two 3-phase stator windings displaced by an angle e;, is analyzed by means of an orthogonal transformation of the a, b, c; A, B, C; and fd variables into a new set: dl, ql, 01; d2, q2, 02; and fd. For balanced operating conditions the differential equations with the new variables have time-indenendent coefficients. Thus a phasor diagram can be drawn using self and mutual reactances Xd, Xqv X12d and X12q, determined from flux linkages. The latter are based on flux plots obtained bysolving the quasi-Poissoniandifferentialequation. The characteristic parameters for a specific operating condition are calculated for a 1200 MVA, 24 kV, 60 Hz, two-pole turbogenerator, and test data are presented covering single circuit operation on a 2-circuit generator with 600 belts connected as an alternate pole and alternate belt type double winding machine.
PCR Amplification Using Electrolytic Resistance for Heating and Temperature Monitoring (2000)

An alternative method of rapid-cycle PCR for DNA amplification is demonstrated using electrolyte resistance for heating and temperature monitoring. The PCR amplification solution is electrically conductive and can be heated by passing an alternating current through the sample. The temperature of the solution is evaluated by monitoring its electrical resistance. Cooling is accomplished by forced air convection at ambient temperature. Heating and cooling rates of up to 20 degrees C/s were achieved. The 35 cycles of PCR were completed in less than 12 min with product yields equivalent to conventional temperature cycling. Electrolyte resistance provides a method for both direct heating and monitoring the temperature of PCR samples.
Proxy method for fast haptic rendering from time varying point clouds (2011)

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for haptic rendering from time varying point clouds captured using an Xbox Kinect RGB-D camera. Existing methods for point-based haptic rendering using a proxy can not directly be applied in this situation since no information about the underlying objects is given. This paper extends the notion of proxy to point clouds. The haptic algorithm presented here renders haptic forces from point clouds captured in real-time representing both static and dynamic objects.
Prochiral Sulfoxidation as a Probe for Flavin-Containing Monooxygenases (2006)

Asymmetric aryl alkyl sulfides (R-S-R') are metabolized by flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) and cytochrome P450 enzymes to enantiomerically enriched sulfoxide products (R-SO-R') that are readily analyzed with a host of commercially available chiral stationary phases. Prochiral sulfoxidation of probe compounds based on p-tolyl methyl sulfide is a particularly useful method for discriminating among FMO1, FMO3, and FMO5, because the stereochemistry of the resulting products is isoform dependent, but apparently species independent. If studies are performed with crude tissue microsomal preparations, the cytochrome P450 component must be quenched to unmask catalysis specifically by the FMO component of the tissue. This chapter details experimental protocols for stereochemical analysis of sulfoxides generated from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and n-butyl p-tolyl sulfide by purified FMO isoforms and tissue microsomal preparations.
The FokI Restriction-Modification System (1989)

Based on the previous findings that the FokI methylase (MFokI) consists of 647 amino acid residues and contains two copies of the segment specific for adenine methylase, Asp-Pro-Pro-Tyr, at amino acid positions 218-221 and 548-551, the role of these copies in the methylation reaction was investigated by introduction of a mutation into each segment. The MFokI gene was inserted into M13 vectors, and the Asp residues in the two segments were converted to Gly and Ala by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The wild-type and mutant genes were recloned into an expression vector, from which gene products were purified. A short DNA fragment carrying the FokI recognition site was treated with each of these enzymes, and after separation of the two strands by duplex formation with M13 viral DNAs carrying the respective strands, the presence or absence of modification was judged from susceptibility to FokI endonuclease. The results of analysis showed that different strands were modified in an asymmetric way by the introduction of mutations into one of the two segments, and that the segments at the N-terminal and C-terminal moieties participated in modification of the strands carrying 5'-GGATG-3' and 3'-CCTAC-5', respectively. We concluded that MFokI contained two functional domains each of which was responsible for modification of different strands in the target DNA.
TOPK promotes lung cancer resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors by phosphorylating and activating c-Jun (2016)

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have shown promising clinical efficacy in non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, resistance is frequently observed in malignant cells, operating through a mechanism that remains largely unknown. The present study shows that T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) is upregulated in NSCLC and excessively activated in TKI-refractory cells. TOPK dictates the responsiveness of lung cancers to the EGFR-targeted TKI gefitinib through the transcription factor AP-1 component c-Jun. TOPK binds directly to and phosphorylates c-Jun, which consequently activates the transcription of AP-1 target genes, including CCND1 and CDC2. TOPK silencing sensitizes EGFR-TKI-resistant lung cancer cells to gefitinib and increases gefitinib efficacy in preclinical lung adenocarcinoma xenograft models. These findings represent a novel mechanism of lung cancer resistance to TKIs and suggest that TOPK may have value both as a predictive biomarker and as a therapeutic target: TOPK-targeted therapy may synergize with EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancers.
Pivot or Pilot?: The Role of the Independent Members of Wages Councils (1980)

ABSTRACT Britain has no statutory minimum wage. There is a system of wages councils responsible for fixing statutory minimum rates in forty-one trades where wages are low relative to the average, opportunities for working overtime are variable and no adequate machinery for collective bargaining exists. A peculiar feature of this system is the presence of three independent members who form a third ‘side’ in council negotiations. This article looks back briefly over the seventy years of the existence of wages councils (originally trade boards) and the changes in function which have occurred albeit by implication rather than overtly. It then proceeds to examine the role of the independent members within the system as it is now. Do these ‘conciliators with a casting vote’ fulfil a useful function? The main problem facing them today is seen as the need to reconcile the original purpose of helping to fix a just (or less unjust) wage translated into contemporary terms with a remuneration which is reasonable and feasible under the circumstances prevailing within the trades covered by wages councils.
Herpesvirus-induced atherosclerosis in chickens. (1983)

Repeated experiments have established that infection with Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDV) leads to atherosclerosis in specific pathogen free (SPF) normocholesterolemic chickens. Neither normocholesterolemic nor hypercholesterolemic uninfected SPF chickens develop this disease. The MDV-induced arterial disease is remarkably similar to chronic human atherosclerosis. Cholesterol and saturated cholesteryl esters accumulated in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) infected with MDV. Similar preliminary observations were made in vivo. These findings suggest that MDV-induced alteration of SMC lipid metabolism is of major importance in the pathogenesis of MDV-induced atherosclerosis. In addition, immunization with turkey herpesvirus, used commercially to prevent MDV-induced tumors in chickens, also protected against MDV-induced atherosclerosis. This animal model has introduced important new dimensions and tools in atherosclerosis research: a defined etiologic agent (MDV) that causes atherosclerosis in a defined animal of known genetic susceptibility to the etiologic agent. With these tools, important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis may be established in a relatively short period of time. Further, this animal model should be considered important in other models of atherosclerosis research because herpesvirus infections are ubiquitous in these animals. Finally, because humans are widely and persistently infected with up to five herpesviruses, these studies may lead to the understanding and eventual control of human atherosclerosis.
Mesh-based content routing using XML (2001)

We have developed a new approach for reliably multicasting time-critical data to heterogeneous clients over mesh-based overlay networks. To facilitate intelligent content pruning, data streams are comprised of a sequence of XML packets and forwarded by application-level XML routers. XML routers perform content-based routing of individual XML packets to other routers or clients based upon queries that describe the information needs of downstream nodes. Our PC-based XML router prototype can route an 18 Mbit per second XML stream.Our routers use a novel Diversity Control Protocol (DCP) for router-to-router and router-to-client communication. DCP reassembles a received stream of packets from one or more senders using the first copy of a packet to arrive from any sender. When each node is connected to n parents, the resulting network is resilient to ( n − 1) router or independent link failures without repair. Associated mesh algorithms permit the system to recover to ( n − 1) resilience after node and/or link failure. We have deployed a distributed network of XML routers that streams real-time air traffic control data. Experimental results show multiple senders improve reliability and latency when compared to tree-based networks.
Information management and technology (IM&T) in primary care groups and trusts: the gap between national strategy and local implementation (2003)

Primary care groups and trusts (PCG/Ts) are key to the successful implementation of the NHS information strategy, Information for Health. This study describes the current levels of IM&amp;T within PCG/Ts and their constituent general practices and examines the ability of PCG/Ts to support the delivery of national targets. Results are derived from the National Tracker Survey of Primary Care Groups and Trusts, which uses a stratified sample of 72 (15%) of PCG/Ts.The findings indicate that although PCG/Ts are beginning to identify their priorities and work on the huge development agenda in primary care, they may have difficulties meeting both local and national targets. PCG/Ts need additional, appropriately skilled staff and better information to support the planning process. They also need access to high quality data from a range of sources to support their key functions. The quality of data currently available to PCG/Ts is generally perceived by IM&amp;T leads as being poor and is seriously hindering progress. The paper concludes that there is a gap between the vision described in the national information strategy and the ability of local organizations to deliver targets. If the national strategy is to be implemented successfully it may need to be adapted in the light of the findings presented.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Preserves Endothelial Function during Intimal Hyperplasia (2005)

The more potent actions of CNP on vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation (established in vitro) may explain differences between the peptides on intimal hyperplasia in vivo. The major hallmark of atherosclerosis and restenosis, endothelial dysfunction, was prevented by chronic, peri-arterial administration of ANP or CNP.