gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Neutralizing RNA Aptamer against EGFR Causes Selective Apoptotic Cell Death (2011)

Nucleic acid aptamers have been developed as high-affinity ligands that may act as antagonists of disease-associated proteins. Aptamers are non immunogenic and characterised by high specificity and low toxicity thus representing a valid alternative to antibodies or soluble ligand receptor traps/decoys to target specific cancer cell surface proteins in clinical diagnosis and therapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in the development of a wide range of human cancers including breast, glioma and lung. The observation that its inhibition can interfere with the growth of such tumors has led to the design of new drugs including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors currently used in clinic. However, some of these molecules can result in toxicity and acquired resistance, hence the need to develop novel kinds of EGFR-targeting drugs with high specificity and low toxicity. Here we generated, by a cell-Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) approach, a nuclease resistant RNA-aptamer that specifically binds to EGFR with a binding constant of 10 nM. When applied to EGFR-expressing cancer cells the aptamer inhibits EGFR-mediated signal pathways causing selective cell death. Furthermore, at low doses it induces apoptosis even of cells that are resistant to the most frequently used EGFR-inhibitors, such as gefitinib and cetuximab, and inhibits tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Interestingly, combined treatment with cetuximab and the aptamer shows clear synergy in inducing apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrate that this neutralizing RNA-aptamer is a promising bio-molecule that can be developed as a more effective alternative to the repertoire of already existing EGFR-inhibitors.
New disposable tubes for rapid and precise biomass assessment for suspension cultures of mammalian cells (2006)

We present a new approach for biomass assessment in cell culture using a disposable microcentrifuge tube. The specially designed tube is fitted with an upper chamber for sample loading and a lower 5 microL capillary for cell collection during centrifugation. The resulting packed cell volume (PCV) can be quantitatively expressed as the percentage of the total volume of the sample. The present study focused on the validation of the method with mammalian cell lines that are widely used in bioprocessing. Using several examples, the PCV method was shown to be more precise, rapid, and reproducible than manual cell counting.
Antibody Is Required for Protection against Virulent but Not AttenuatedSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium (2000)

Resolution of infection with attenuated Salmonella is an active process that requires CD4(+) T cells. Here, we demonstrate that costimulation via the surface molecule CD28, but not antibody production by B cells, is required for clearance of attenuated aroA Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. In contrast, specific antibody is critical for vaccine-induced protection against virulent bacteria. Therefore, CD28(+) CD4(+) T cells are sufficient for clearance of avirulent Salmonella in naive hosts, whereas CD4(+) T cells and specific antibodies are required for protection from virulent Salmonella in immune hosts.
Reviews (1998)

Craig McGregor, Class in Australia, Penguin, 1997, pp viii + 327, $24.95 pb A G L Shaw, A History of the Port Phillip District of Victoria Before Separation, The Miegunyah Press, 1996, pp 334, $49.95, hb John Warhurst (ed.), Keeping the Bastards Honest, Allen and Unwin, 1997, pp 314, $29.95 pb Eric Rolls, Citizens: Flowers and the Wide Sea, University of Queensland Press, 1996, $29.95, pp 631, pb Tom Griffiths and Libby Robin (eds), Ecology and Empire: Environmental History of Settler Societies, Melbourne University Press, 1997, pp 248, $29.95 Malcolm Gillies (ed), Northern Exposures: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Symposium of the Australian Academy of the Humnanities, Occasional Paper 19, Australian Academy of the Humanities, 1997, pp 139 + colour plates, $24.95, pb Grace Karskens, The Rocks: Life in Early Sydney, Melbourne University Press, 1997, pp 287 + index, $34.95 hb Malcolm Campbell, The Kingdom of the Ryans: The Irish in Southwest New South Wales, 1816‐1890, University of New South Wales Press, 1997, pp 210, $35.00, pb Jenny Gregory, Building a Tradition: A History of Scotch College, Perth, 1897‐1996, University of Western Australia Press, 1996, pp 576, $48.00. Bruce Scates, A New Australia: Citizenship, Radicalism and the First Republic, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp vii + 261, illustrations and index, $29.95 pb, $90.00 hb Thea Astley, Collected Stories, University of Queensland Press, 1997, pp 342, $17.95, pb
Practice Parameters for the Treatment of Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Oral Appliances (1995)

These clinical guidelines, which have been reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the American Sleep Disorders Association (ASDA), provide recommendations for the practice of sleep medicine in North American with regards to the use of oral appliances for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Oral appliances have been developed for the treatment of snoring and have been applied to the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, a syndrome associated with morbidity. Based on a review of the relevant scientific literature, the Standards of Practice Committee of the ASDA has developed guidelines describing the use of oral appliances for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea in adults.
Analysis of the experimental Q factors (~ 1 million) of photonic crystal nanocavities (2006)

In this letter, we show that the Q factors of the latest high-Q cavities in two dimensional photonic crystals, measured experimentally to be ~1000000, are determined by losses due to imperfections in the fabricated structures, and not by the cavity design. Quantitative analysis shows that the dominant sources of loss include the tilt of air-holes within the cavity, the roughness of the inner walls of the air-holes, variation in the radii of the air-holes, and optical absorption by adsorbed material. We believe that cavities with experimental Q factors of the order of several millions will be obtained in the future by reducing the losses due to imperfections through improved fabrication techniques.
The Versatile Effects of Dihydromyricetin in Health (2017)

Dihydromyricetin is a flavonoid isolated from <i>Ampelopsis grossedentata</i>, which is traditionally used in China. Dihydromyricetin exhibits health-benefiting activities with minimum adverse effects. Dihydromyricetin has been demonstrated to show antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, cell death-mediating, and lipid and glucose metabolism-regulatory activities. Dihydromyricetin may scavenge ROS to protect against oxidative stress or potentiate ROS generation to counteract cancer cells selectively without any effects on normal cells. However, the low bioavailability of dihydromyricetin limits its potential applications. Recent research has gained positive and promising data. This review will discuss the versatile effects and clinical prospective of dihydromyricetin.
Harvesting large fascia lata sheaths: a rational approach. (2000)

This article describes an "S"-shaped incision for the open approach of harvesting wide sheets of fascia lata with reference to the important anatomical landmarks. Forty-three patients required dural replacement in cases of tumors, trauma, or cerebrospinal fluid leak involving the anterior skull base. The extended anterior suberanial approach to the skull base was used for all patients. Early functional status of the operated limb in seven of the patients treated first was assessed by physical examination and then by means of the computerized Kinetic Communicator (Kin-Com; Medex Diagnostics, Canada) dynamometer. None of these patients suffered any significant immediate complications and had good results at the preliminary functional assessment. All other patients were evaluated clinically for functional deficits of the operated lower limb to further assess its morbidity. The technique described herein was shown to enhance the case and control of fascia lata harvesting. It affords low complication rate and donor limb morbidity. Donor limb morbidity did not have any deleterious effect on the patients' normal daily activities and only became apparent during strenuous physical activity.
Intracerebral streptozotocin model of type 3 diabetes: Relevance to sporadic Alzheimer's disease (2006)

The cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurodegeneration is associated with persistent oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired energy metabolism, and activation of pro-death signaling pathways. More recently, studies with human postmortem brain tissue linked many of the characteristic molecular and pathological features of AD to reduced expression of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) genes and their corresponding receptors. We now demonstrate using an in vivo model of intracerebral Streptozotocin (ic-STZ), that chemical depletion of insulin and IGF signaling mechanisms combined with oxidative injury is sufficient to cause AD-type neurodegeneration. The ic-STZ-injected rats did not have elevated blood glucose levels, and pancreatic architecture and insulin immunoreactivity were similar to control, yet their brains were reduced in size and exhibited neurodegeneration associated with cell loss, gliosis, and increased immunoreactivity for p53, active glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, phospho-tau, ubiquitin, and amyloid-beta. Real time quantitative RT-PCR studies demonstrated that the ic-STZ-treated brains had significantly reduced expression of genes corresponding to neurons, oligodendroglia, and choline acetyltransferase, and increased expression of genes encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein, microglia-specific proteins, acetylcholinesterase, tau, and amyloid precursor protein. These abnormalities were associated reduced expression of genes encoding insulin, IGF-II, insulin receptor, IGF-I receptor, and insulin receptor substrate-1, and reduced ligand binding to the insulin and IGF-II receptors. These results demonstrate that many of the characteristic features of AD-type neurodegeneration can be produced experimentally by selectively impairing insulin/IGF functions together with increasing oxidative stress, and support our hypothesis that AD represents a neuro-endocrine disorder associated with brain-specific perturbations in insulin and IGF signaling mechanisms, i.e. Type 3 diabetes.
GPRS, general packet radio service (2002)

A new packet data service called GPRS will be standardized and implemented in the GSM system. This paper gives a general description of the proposed structure of the service and also describes some of the interworking aspects with normal GSM services that have to be considered when designing GPRS.
Pentamidine concentrations in plasma, whole blood and cerebrospinal fluid during treatment of Trypanosoma gambiense infection in Côte d'Ivoire (1991)

Pentamidine concentrations in plasma, whole blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined in 11 patients with Trypanosoma gambiense infection without involvement of the central nervous system in Côte d'Ivoire. Blood samples were drawn during a 48 h period after the first and last dose of pentamidine dimesylate given as 10 intramuscular injections on alternate days. Maximum plasma concentrations were generally attained within one hour after injection but varied extensively (420-13420 nmol/litre). The median plasma concentration 48 h after the last dose was approximately 5 times higher than that after the first dose. The ratio between whole blood and plasma concentration was approximately 2. Small amounts of the drug were found in the CSF after the last dose. The findings showed inter-individual differences in the pharmacokinetics of pentamidine. The currently recommended daily dose regimen could be questioned, as drug accumulation was pronounced. All patients were cured and the concentrations attained should be considered as parasiticidal. Further studies on the kinetics and distribution after single and multiple doses of pentamidine as well as studies on the possible relationship between adverse effects and plasma concentrations are, however, needed.
Induced deletions within a cluster of resistance genes in the mec region of the chromosome of Staphylococcus aureus (1990)

Variants of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus showing loss of or reduced resistance to the antibiotic were isolated at frequencies of 0.1-100% from cultures which had been starved, grown at elevated temperature, or given small doses of UV radiation. Three types of variant were identified on the basis of population distribution of resistance to the antibiotic, and field-inversion gel electrophoresis of digests of the chromosome cut with the rare-cutting restriction endonuclease SmaI. Type I variants are methicillin-sensitive and have a deletion in the mec region of the chromosome. Type II variants have reduced methicillin resistance and rearranged DNA elsewhere in the chromosome. Type II variants show reduced methicillin resistance and no detectable change in the chromosome. Type I deletions were mapped using cloned fragments from the mec region. In 13 of the 16 independently isolated deletion mutants, one of the deletion endpoints appears to correlate with the positions of insertion sequences or transposons found in this region of the staphylococcal chromosome.
Patch length of localized repair events: role of DNA polymerase I in mutY-dependent mismatch repair (1993)

In vivo experiments with heteroduplex lambda genomes show that the MutY mismatch repair system of Escherichia coli defines an average repair tract that is shorter than 27 nucleotides and longer than 9 nucleotides and extends 3' from the corrected adenine. The phenotype of a mutant defective in DNA polymerase I shows that this enzyme plays a significant, though not an essential, role in the in vivo repair of apurinic sites generated by this system. Evidence is presented that in the absence of polymerase I the repair tracts are modestly longer than in the polA+ extending in the 5' direction from the corrected adenine, suggesting a role for another DNA polymerase.
Modelling Of The Behavior Of The Lithium Bromide Water Absorption Chiller (1983)

A mathematical model for the descriotion of the steady and the transient behavior of" a lithium bromide-water absorotion chiller is developed. This model is particularly important for the study of control requirements and is Convenient for the mathematical formulation of the control problem. Both a conceptual approach, that is, using the proper energy balance and heat transfer equations, and an empirical approach, that is curvefitting of the operating data, are used in develooing the model. The steady state part of the model is expressed as functions of the operating conditions (temperatures of the hot water input, the chilled water and the cooling water) and is derived by curvefits to the 0gerating data supplied by the manufacturer. The transient Dart of the model is expressed as a set of differential equations and is formulated by making use of the basic eyua Lions of energy and heat transfer. Finally, the derived model is used in the simulation of the chiller for different variations in the input hot water temperature and the results are compared with some available experimental data.
Monoclonal antibody therapy of malignant melanoma: in vivo localization in cutaneous metastasis after intravenous administration. (1984)

The murine antimelanoma monoclonal antibody, 9.2.27, was administered intravenously to eight patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Biopsies of metastatic nodules clearly demonstrate the selective localization of this antibody on the melanoma cell surface with a dose-response relationship to the quantity of administered antibody. The antibody infusions were clinically well tolerated and the pharmacokinetics of the antibody and the antiglobulin responses are described. This study indicates that murine monoclonal antibodies have potential as selective targeting agents in the design of future therapeutic trials using monoclonal antibodies or conjugates thereof in the treatment of cancer.
filetsf: A File Transfer System Based on lpr/lpd (1995)

In a distributed computing environment, it is often necessary to transfer files between machines for administrative or record keeping purposes. Most methods of file transfer either require full-scale trust by the recipient (e.g., rdist, rcp), the use of a secret password (e.g., FTP), or some level of pre-arrangement (e.g., rdist, track). This paper describes filetsf, a generic file transfer system built on top of the standard lpr/lpd system. Filetsf's advantages include minimal configuration, the need for minimal trust between sender and recipient, ordering and spooling of file transfer requests, and the elimination of the need for shared passwords.
Spray-Drying of the MicroalgaDunaliella salina: Effects on β-Carotene Content and Isomer Composition (1999)

The effects of spray-drying of the unicellular microalga Dunaliella salina on its beta-carotene content and geometric isomer composition have been studied. The efficacy of a range of synthetic and natural antioxidants in preventing degradation of beta-carotene has been determined. Losses of beta-carotene and isomerization were minimal during processing for both the control (no exogenous antioxidants) and the samples containing butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). However, the use of tocopherol-based antioxidants resulted in degradation of 52-72% of beta-carotene during the drying process. All dried powders of Dunaliella proved to be unstable during storage in the presence of light and air, with beta-carotene degraded according to a first-order kinetic model. Of the antioxidants studied, only TBHQ was successful in significantly minimizing degradation (degradation constants of 0.03 and 0.04 days(-)(1), compared to 0.53 days(-)(1) for the respective control). For control powders and those with BHT added to the feed, the degradation constants were reduced to values between 0.27 and 0.37 days(-)(1) by restricting light and flushing with nitrogen; however, storage in the dark alone had no effect. For more slowly degrading powders having TBHQ added to the feed, it was clear that degradation of beta-carotene was influenced by both light and oxygen. During storage the 9-cis isomer of beta-carotene was significantly more unstable than the all-trans form. TBHQ was, however, successful in reducing relative losses of this isomer for samples stored in the dark. The results suggest a dominant photodegradative mechanism for the loss of the 9-cis isomer of beta-carotene.
Diameter-based accounting management for wireless services (2006)

Accounting is an essential task for commercial service usage, determining the collection of metered data and correlating it into accounting records. The accounting data generated, describing the service usage of users, serves as input for the subsequent charging process. Because of the diversity of IP-based services and the variety of network technologies, a generic accounting management is required, specifically tailored to user and provider needs. A mobile and multi-domain environment determines additional challenges. This work defines a generic, technology-, and service-independent configuration management of accounting in a mobile, heterogeneous, and multi-provider environment. The proposed accounting process enables a user-and service-specific accounting configuration. It is based on the diameter protocol, specifying required extensions, which include new commands and attribute-value-pairs
The Mitogen-Activated Protein/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Kinase Inhibitor AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) Induces Growth Arrest in Melanoma Cells and Tumor Regression When Combined with Docetaxel (2008)

Inhibition of MEK is cytostatic as a monotherapy in melanoma, but cytotoxic when combined with docetaxel.
Phase I trial of high dose paracetamol and carmustine in patients with metastatic melanoma (2003)

Reduced glutathione (GSH) production by tumour cells has been proposed as a mechanism for resistance to alkylating agents. High levels of paracetamol can deplete intracellular GSH. We conducted a phase I trial of high dose paracetamol and carmustine (BCNU) in patients with advanced malignant melanoma to determine the optimal biological dose and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) with the goal of increasing sensitivity to BCNU by GSH depletion. Groups of three to five patients received escalating doses of paracetamol (10, 15 or 20 g/m(2)) every 3 weeks. Every other cycle, BCNU (10 mg/m(2)) was given 6.5 h after administration of paracetamol and 45 min before a 20 h infusion of N-acetylcysteine. Once the MTD for paracetamol had been determined, the dose of BCNU was sequentially escalated in subsequent cohorts to 150 mg/m(2). GSH levels were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and, when available, in tumour biopsies. The MTD of paracetamol was 15 g/m(2). The dose of BCNU was safely escalated to 150 mg/m(2). The most common toxicity was grade II nausea/vomiting. At 15 g/m(2), peak paracetamol levels (median 253 microg/ml) were reached between 1 and 4 h. No changes in GSH levels in PBMCs were seen. There were two partial responses, including a dramatic decrease in hepatic metastases. Treatment of melanoma patients with paracetamol (15 g/m(2)) every 3 weeks and BCNU (150 mg/m(2)) every 6 weeks is safe. The observation of two partial responses has led to a phase II study to evaluate treatment with high dose paracetamol alone or in combination with BCNU.
An Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) Expressing VP2 and VP5 of Serotype 8 Bluetongue Virus (BTV-8) Induces Protection in a Murine Infection Model (2012)

Bluetongue virus (BTV) can infect most species of domestic and wild ruminants causing substantial morbidity and mortality and, consequently, high economic losses. In 2006, an epizootic of BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) started in northern Europe that caused significant disease in cattle and sheep before comprehensive vaccination was introduced two years later. Here, we evaluate the potential of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), an alphaherpesvirus, as a novel vectored DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) vaccine expressing VP2 of BTV-8 alone or in combination with VP5. The EHV-1 recombinant viruses stably expressed the transgenes and grew with kinetics that were identical to those of parental virus in vitro. After immunization of mice, a BTV-8-specific neutralizing antibody response was elicited. In a challenge experiment using a lethal dose of BTV-8, 100% of interferon-receptor-deficient (IFNAR(-/-)) mice vaccinated with the recombinant EHV-1 carrying both VP2 and VP5, but not VP2 alone, survived. VP7 was not included in the vectored vaccines and was successfully used as a DIVA marker. In summary, we show that EHV-1 expressing BTV-8 VP2 and VP5 is capable of eliciting a protective immune response that is distinguishable from that after infection and as such may be an alternative for BTV vaccination strategies in which DIVA compatibility is of importance.