gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renal Sympathetic Denervation Suppresses Postapneic Blood Pressure Rises and Atrial Fibrillation in a Model for Sleep Apnea (2012)

The aim of this study was to identify the relative impact of adrenergic and cholinergic activity on atrial fibrillation (AF) inducibility and blood pressure (BP) in a model for obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with sympathovagal disbalance, AF, and postapneic BP rises. Renal denervation (RDN) reduces renal efferent and possibly also afferent sympathetic activity and BP in resistant hypertension. The effects of RDN compared with β-blockade by atenolol on atrial electrophysiological changes, AF inducibility, and BP during obstructive events and on shortening of atrial effective refractory period (AERP) induced by high-frequency stimulation of ganglionated plexi were investigated in 20 anesthetized pigs. Tracheal occlusion with applied negative tracheal pressure (NTP; at -80 mbar) induced pronounced AERP shortening and increased AF inducibility in all of the pigs. RDN but not atenolol reduced NTP-induced AF-inducibility (20% versus 100% at baseline; P=0.0001) and attenuated NTP-induced AERP shortening more than atenolol (27±5 versus 43±3 ms after atenolol; P=0.0272). Administration of atropine after RDN or atenolol completely inhibited NTP-induced AERP shortening. AERP shortening induced by high-frequency stimulation of ganglionated plexi was not influenced by RDN, suggesting that changes in sensitivity of ganglionated plexi do not play a role in the antiarrhythmic effect of RDN. Postapneic BP rise was inhibited by RDN and not modified by atenolol. We showed that vagally mediated NTP-induced AERP shortening is modulated by RDN or atenolol, which emphasizes the importance of autonomic disbalance in obstructive sleep apnea-associated AF. Renal denervation displays antiarrhythmic effects by reducing NTP-induced AERP shortening and inhibits postapneic BP rises associated with obstructive events.
Pillared Clays and Ion-Exchanged Pillared Clays as Gas Adsorbents and as Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of No (2006)

Pillared interlayered clays (PILC), or pillared clays, are two-dimensional layer materials prepared by exchanging the charge-compensating cations (e.g. Na+, K+ and Ca2+) between the swelling phyllosilicate clay layers with larger inorganic hydroxy cations, which are polymeric or oligomeric hydroxy metal cations formed by hydrolysis of metal salts. Upon heating, the metal hydroxy cations undergo dehydration and dehydroxylation, forming stable metal oxide clusters which act as pillars keeping the silicate layers separated and creating interlayer spacing (gallery spaces) of molecular dimensions. Pillared clay development started in the mid 1950s by Barrer and co-workers1,2 who synthesized high surface area materials by pillaring montmorillonite clay with cations of N(CH3)4 and N(C2H5)4. However, these materials have low thermal and hydrothermal stabilities i.e., up to ca. 250°C for the decomposition temperature of interlayer cations, and are therefore of limited use as adsorbents and catalysts. Much interest and research have, since the 1970s, been directed toward the synthesis of pillared clays with high thermal and hydrothermal stabilities. The most promising ones for use as adsorbents and catalysts are as follows; Al-PILC3-l8, Zr-PILC4,5,19-23, Cr-PILC6,24-28, Fe-PILC29-35, Ti-PILC36-38, Ni-PILC39 and Si-PILC40-41. The choices of hydroxy cations are not limited to those mentioned; in fact any metal oxide or salt that forms polynuclear species upon hydrolysis42 can be inserted as pillars, and all layered clays of the abundant phyllosilicate family as well as other layered clays can be used as the hosts16,43-49. In order to increase the thermal and hydrothermal stabilities and the catalytic activities of pillared clays, mixed pillars have been synthesized using mixed hydroxycations obtained by isomorphous substitution of mvalent cations (e.g. Ga3+, Ce3+, Fe3+, Cr3+) with Al3+ in the AI polyoxocation12,50-52. In addition, positively charged sol
Atrial natriuretic peptides. Effects on intraocular pressure, cGMP, and aqueous flow. (1989)

We report a significant decrease in intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection of atrial natriuretic peptide (AP). There is also an increase in cGMP in iris-ciliary body preparations after exposure to physiologic concentrations of AP in vitro. We present evidence that after intravitreal AP administration there is a decrease in aqueous humor flow associated with the decrease in intraocular pressure. The changes in aqueous humor flow were estimated by automated fluorophotometry and aqueous humor ascorbate concentrations.
p38 and Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathways Are Required for Nuclear Factor-κB p65 Transactivation Mediated by Tumor Necrosis Factor (1998)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine, which is involved in inflammatory and immune responses, acute phase reactions, and hematopoiesis. In the mouse fibrosarcoma cell line L929, the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB plays a crucial role in IL-6 gene expression mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The levels of the activated factor do not, however, correlate with the variations of IL-6 gene transcription; therefore, other factors and/or regulatory mechanisms presumably modulate the levels of IL-6 mRNA production. Upon analysis of various deletion and point-mutated variants of the human IL-6 gene promoter coupled to a reporter gene, we screened for possible cooperating transcription factors. Even the smallest deletion variant, containing almost exclusively a NF-kappaB-responsive sequence preceding the IL-6 minimal promoter, as well as a recombinant construction containing multiple kappaB-motifs, could still be stimulated with TNF. We observed that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 was able to repress TNF-stimulated expression of the IL-6 gene, as well as of a kappaB-dependent reporter gene construct, without affecting the levels of NF-kappaB binding to DNA. Furthermore, we clearly show that, using a nuclear Gal4 "one-hybrid" system, the MAPK inhibitors SB203580 and PD0980589 have a direct repressive effect on the transactivation potential of the p65 kappaB subunit. Therefore, we conclude that, in addition to cytoplasmic activation and DNA binding of NF-kappaB, the p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase MAPK pathways act as necessary cooperative mechanisms to regulate TNF-induced IL-6 gene expression by modulating the transactivation machinery.
A human-mouse hybridoma producing monoclonal antibody against human sperm coating antigen. (1986)

Since anti-sperm antibodies were first discovered in the sera of women, the relationship of these antibodies to sterility has been studied by many investigators. In order to determine the antigens of spermatozoa responsible for raising antibodies to spermatozoa in humans, many studies have been carried out by purifying human spermatozoa cell membrane and seminal plasma components. Since it was found that the purification was difficult by physiochemical procedures, the immunoaffinity chromatography bound monoclonal antibody (Mab) to spermatozoa antigens was attempted for this purpose. The establishment of hybridomas producing Mabs to human seminal plasma and human spermatozoa was reported by Shigeta et al. (1980), Isojima, Koyoma & Fujiwara (1982), Lee et al. (1982) and Isahakia & Alexander (1984). The ordinary approaches to obtain the Mabs consisted of xenogenic immunization with human semen and cell fusion of immunized spleen cells with mouse myeloma cells. However, the antigenic epitopes of human spermatozoa, which induced antibody production, are xenogenic for the mouse, and therefore there is a possibility that there is a difference in recognized antigenic epitopes in humans as isotypic and in mice as xenogenic. In order to study these antigenic epitopes, which correspond to antibodies against spermatozoa in women, the establishment of human-mouse hybridomas, which produced anti-semen antibodies as produced in sterile women, became essential. In these studies, we used recently developed cell fusion techniques to fuse immunized human peripheral lymphocytes with mouse myeloma cells.
Status of the Microbial Census (2004)

Over the past 20 years, more than 78,000 16S rRNA gene sequences have been deposited in GenBank and the Ribosomal Database Project, making the 16S rRNA gene the most widely studied gene for reconstructing bacterial phylogeny. While there is a general appreciation that these sequences are largely unique and derived from diverse species of bacteria, there has not been a quantitative attempt to describe the extent of sequencing efforts to date. We constructed rarefaction curves for each bacterial phylum and for the entire bacterial domain to assess the current state of sampling and the relative taxonomic richness of each phylum. This analysis quantifies the general sense among microbiologists that we are a long way from a complete census of the bacteria on Earth. Moreover, the analysis indicates that current sampling strategies might not be the most effective ones to describe novel diversity because there remain numerous phyla that are globally distributed yet poorly sampled. Based on the current level of sampling, it is not possible to estimate the total number of bacterial species on Earth, but the minimum species richness is 35,498. Considering previous global species richness estimates of 10(7) to 10(9), we are certain that this estimate will increase with additional sequencing efforts. The data support previous calls for extensive surveys of multiple chemically disparate environments and of specific phylogenetic groups to advance the census most rapidly.
Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus coat protein inhibits trans-acting small interfering RNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis (2008)

Many plant and animal viruses have evolved suppressor proteins to block host RNA silencing at various stages of the RNA silencing pathways. Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRSV) coat protein (CP) is capable of suppressing the transiently expressed sense-RNA-induced post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, constitutively expressed HCRSV CP from transgenic Arabidopsis was found to be able to rescue expression of the silenced GUS transgene. The HCRSV CP-transgenic Arabidopsis (line CP6) displayed several developmental abnormalities: elongated, downward curled leaves and a lack of coordination between stamen and carpel, resulting in reduced seed set. These abnormalities are similar to those observed in mutations of the genes of Arabidopsis RNA-dependent polymerase 6 (rdr6), suppressor of gene silencing 3 (sgs3), ZIPPY (zip) and dicer-like 4 (dcl4). The accumulation of microRNA (miRNA) miR173 remained stable; however, the downstream trans-acting small interfering RNA (ta-siRNA) siR255 was greatly reduced. Real-time PCR analysis showed that expression of the ta-siRNA-targeted At4g29770, At5g18040, PPR and ARF3 genes increased significantly, especially in the inflorescences. Genetic crossing of CP6 with an amplicon-silenced line (containing a potato virus X-green fluorescent protein transgene under the control of the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter) suggested that HCRSV CP probably interfered with gene silencing at a step after RDR6. The reduced accumulation of ta-siRNA might result from the interference of HCRSV CP with Dicer-like protein(s), responsible for the generation of dsRNA in ta-siRNA biogenesis.
Culture and Management - a Study of Small Chinese Family Business in Singapore (1996)

In general surgery, the goal of achieving favorable results following surgical procedures is consistently impeded by the intricate range of postoperative problems. This abstract summarizes a comprehensive narrative study that examines the numerous difficulties associated with postoperative complications and investigates potential remedies. With the progress of surgical practices, the intricacies of complications also increase, requiring a flexible comprehension of the diverse scenarios. This review examines the many factors contributing to postoperative complications, including patient-specific variables and advancing surgical procedures. It also explores the broader consequences of these problems on individual patients and healthcare systems. The economic results, such as extended hospitalizations and increased allocation of resources, highlight the need for specific solutions. This abstract also emphasizes the review's examination of novel methodologies, technology incorporations, and cooperative tactics as potential transformative factors. This abstract provides an overview of the ongoing efforts to change how postoperative complications are understood in general surgery. It highlights the importance of taking preventive measures and adopting a comprehensive approach to patient care.
Reattachment of Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium to Extracellular Matrix and Human Bruchʼs Membrane. (1997)

PURPOSE To determine the mechanism of reattachment of harvested human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to RPE-derived extracellular matrix and Bruch's membrane. METHODS Confluent first-to third-passage human RPE were harvested from tissue culture and plated onto RPE-derived extracellular matrix or human Bruch's membrane exoplants denuded of cells by treatment with 0.02 N ammonium hydroxide. The authors measured RPE reattachment to uncoated surfaces or surfaces precoated with extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, or type IV collagen), antibodies to extracellular matrix-proteins, or the synthetic peptide RGDS (arginine-glycine-aspartate-serine). Some RPE were pretreated with anti-beta 1 integrin antibodies before plating onto either substrate. RESULTS Coating the surface of either RPE-derived extracellular matrix or Bruch's membrane with fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, or type IV collagen increased the RPE attachment rate. Exposing RPE to anti-beta 1 integrin antibodies or RGDS or precoating the surface with antibodies to fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, or type IV collagen decreased the RPE attachment rate to both surfaces. The RPE attachment rate to Bruch's membrane was lower when the exoplants were harvested from the macula of older (age, 70 to 90 years) versus younger (age, 30 to 40 years) persons (52.4 +/- 3.6% versus 64.3 +/- 3.5%, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The attachment of cultured human RPE cells to human Bruch's membrane or to RPE-derived extracellular matrix is mediated by an interaction between the beta 1-subunit of integrin on the RPE surface and ligands in the extracellular matrix that include laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, and type IV collagen. The lower rate of RPE reattachment to the macula from older human cadaveric eyes may have implications for studies aimed at RPE transplantation in elderly persons.
Chipping free process for combination of narrow saw street (60um) and thick wafer (600um) sawing process (2010)

Chipping free is a dream for wafer sawing process. With current high complexity of wafer technology plus the drive for cost reduction by narrowing the saw street width, it is a challenge which requires huge effort for wafer sawing process to achieve chipping free process. Higher density of metallization causing higher blade loading during mechanical sawing. This leads to chipping penetrating under the guard ring and damaging the active area. This paper will share all the activities towards chipping free process on a device involving optimization through mechanical sawing, infra red camera and laser grooving process. Blade selection involving various diamond grit size, different concentration, slit design and low k types only able to minimize the occurrence but not totally eliminate it. Finally by performing laser grooving, significant results were achieved with zero chipping occurrences. In addition, suitable laser frequency selection is also important to ensure the best performance. In this case higher frequency laser grooving in combination with mechanical sawing process found to be able to meet the requirement.
The Pig as an Experimental Model for Elucidating the Mechanisms Governing Dietary Influence on Mineral Absorption (2008)

This review highlights the similarities between pigs and humans and thereby the value of the porcine human nutritional model, and reviews some of the more recent applications of this model for nutritional research.
Highly Enantioselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of β-Dehydroamino Acid Derivatives Using Monodentate Phosphoramidites (2002)

New and very easily accessible monodentate phosphoramidite ligands have been developed that lead to excellent ee's and full conversions in the hydrogenation of (E)- and (Z)-beta-dehydroamino acid derivatives with both aliphatic and aromatic side chains. Particularly, two different catalytic systems were established for (E)-beta-(acylamino)acrylates (98-99% ee) and (Z)-beta-(acylamino)acrylates (92-95% ee) based on phosphoramidites 2 and 3, respectively.
Carbon dioxide-induced hypoxia causes selective loss of rat brain protein kinase C-gamma. (1991)

Protein kinase C purified from the brains of rats killed by decapitation contained isozymes -alpha, beta and -gamma, whereas brain from animals killed by CO2-anoxia contained only the -alpha and -beta forms. Immunoblotting experiments established that exposure to CO2 resulted in a selective loss of protein kinase C-gamma protein.
Concentration of Sindbis virus with optimized gradient insulator-based dielectrophoresis (2016)

Biotechnology, separation science, and clinical research are impacted by microfluidic devices. Separation and manipulation of bioparticles such as DNA, protein and viruses are performed on these platforms. Microfluidic systems provide many attractive features, including small sample size, rapid detection, high sensitivity and short processing time. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electrophoresis are especially well suited to microscale bioparticle control and have been demonstrated in many formats. In this work, an optimized gradient insulator-based DEP device was utilized for concentration of Sindbis virus, an animal virus with a diameter of 68 nm. Within only a few seconds, the concentration of Sindbis virus can be increased by two to six times in the channel under easily accessible voltages as low as about 70 V. Compared with traditional diagnostic methods used in virology, DEP-based microfluidics can enable faster isolation, detection and concentration of viruses in a single step within a short time.
Enhanced subquery optimizations in Oracle (2009)

This paper describes enhanced subquery optimizations in Oracle relational database system. It discusses several techniques -- subquery coalescing, subquery removal using window functions, and view elimination for group-by queries. These techniques recognize and remove redundancies in query structures and convert queries into potentially more optimal forms. The paper also discusses novel parallel execution techniques, which have general applicability and are used to improve the scalability of queries that have undergone some of these transformations. It describes a new variant of antijoin for optimizing subqueries involved in the universal quantifier with columns that may have nulls. It then presents performance results of these optimizations, which show significant execution time improvements.
A fast hardware data compression algorithm and some algorithmic extensions (1998)

This paper reports on work at IBM's Austin and Burlington laboratories concerning fast hardware implementations of general-purpose lossless data compression algorithms, particularly for use in enhancing the data capacity of computer storage devices or systems, and transmission data rates for networking or telecommunications channels. The distinctions between lossy and lossless compression and static and adaptive compression techniques are first reviewed. Then, two main classes of adaptive Lempel-Ziv algorithm, now known as LZ1 and LZ2, are introduced. An outline of early work comparing these two types of algorithm is presented, together with some fundamental distinctions which led to the choice and development of an IBM variant of the LZ1 algorithm, ALDC , and its implementation in hardware. The encoding format for ALDC is presented, together with details of IBM's current fast hardware CMOS compression engine designs, based on use of a content-addressable memory (CAM) array. Overall compression results are compared for ALDC and a number of other algorithms, using the CALGARY data compression benchmark file corpus. More recently, work using small hardware preprocessors to enhance the compression of ALDC on other types of data has shown promising results. Two such algorithmic extensions, BLDC and cLDC , are presented, with the results obtained on important data types for which significant improvement over ALDC alone is achieved.
ENDOCRINE SIDE-EFFECTS OF ANTI-CANCER DRUGS: The impact of retinoids on the thyroid axis (2014)

Bexarotene (Targretin), approved since 1999 as a second-line treatment for late stage cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, has been shown to induce significant hypothyroidism through TSH suppression. This review revisits, through a case report, mechanisms by which rexinoids repress the expression of TSHB gene as well as αTSH and TRH genes. It appears that rexinoids suppress TSH independently from tri-iodothyronine. Bexarotene also differently affects the gene expression of deiodinases 1 and 2 as well as the peripheral clearance of thyroxine. These data might open new ways of research on the potential interaction between thyroid axis and endogenous rexinoids.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Novel Recombinant Subunit Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine (BBG2Na) in Healthy Young Adults (2001)

A novel recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subunit vaccine, designated BBG2Na, was administered to 108 healthy adults randomly assigned to receive 10, 100, or 300 microg of BBG2Na in aluminum phosphate or saline placebo. Each subject received 1, 2, or 3 intramuscular injections of the assigned dose at monthly intervals. Local and systemic reactions were mild, and no evidence of harmful properties of BBG2Na was reported. The highest ELISA and virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody responses were evident in the 100- and 300-microg groups; second or third injections provided no significant boosts against RSV-derived antigens. BBG2Na induced > or 2-fold and > or =4-fold increases in G2Na-specific ELISA units in up to 100% and 57% of subjects, respectively; corresponding RSV-A-specific responses were 89% and 67%. Furthermore, up to 71% of subjects had > or =2-fold VN titer increases. Antibody responses to 2 murine lung protective epitopes were also highly boosted after vaccination. Therefore, BBG2Na is safe, well tolerated, and highly immunogenic in RSV-seropositive adults.
Spontaneous Initiation of Atrial Fibrillation by Ectopic Beats Originating in the Pulmonary Veins (1998)

The pulmonary veins are an important source of ectopic beats, initiating frequent paroxysms of atrial fibrillation. These foci respond to treatment with radio-frequency ablation.