gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Taming cancer by inducing immunity via dendritic cells (2007)

Immunotherapy seeks to mobilize a patient's immune system for therapeutic benefit. It can be passive, i.e. transfer of immune effector cells (T cells) or proteins (antibodies), or active, i.e. vaccination. In cancer, passive immunotherapy can lead to some objective clinical responses, thus demonstrating that the immune system can reject tumors. However, passive immunotherapy is not expected to yield long-lived memory T cells that might control tumor outgrowth. Active immunotherapy with dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines has the potential to induce both tumor-specific effector and memory T cells. Early clinical trials testing vaccination with ex vivo-generated DCs pulsed with tumor antigens provide a proof-of-principle that therapeutic immunity can be elicited. Yet, there is a need to improve their efficacy. The next generation of DC vaccines is expected to generate large numbers of high-avidity effector CD8(+) T cells and to overcome regulatory T cells. Therapeutic vaccination protocols will combine improved ex vivo DC vaccines with therapies that offset the suppressive environment established by tumors.
Large-Scale Production of CD4+ T Cells from HIV-1-Infected Donors After CD3/CD28 Costimulation* (1998)

We describe a procedure for large-scale enrichment, growth, and harvesting CD4+ T cells. This method may be effective for HIV-1 immunotherapy, as the mode of stimulation, with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 coated beads (CD3/CD28 beads) induces a potent antiviral effect. PBMC were obtained by density gradient centrifugation of an apheresis product. Monocytes/macrophages were removed by incubating PBMC with beads coated with IgG. The cells were then magnetically depleted of B cells and CD8+ cells with mouse anti-CD20 and anti-CD8 MAbs and sheep antimouse coated beads. The remaining cells were >80% CD4+ and were transferred to gas-permeable bags containing CD3/CD28 beads and cultured in a closed system. After 14 days, the cell number increased an average of 37-fold, and cells were nearly 100% CD4+. Viral load, assessed by DNA PCR for HIV-1 gag, decreased >10-fold during culture in the absence of antiretroviral agents. Removal of CD3/CD28 beads from the cell suspension was accomplished by passing cells plus beads (3-30 x 10(9) cells in 2-12 L) over a MaxSep magnetic separator using gravity-driven flow. The cells were then concentrated to 300 ml in an automated centrifuge. This process allows safe and efficient growth of large numbers of CD4+ T cells from HIV-1+ donors.
Blood Test Detecting Autoantibodies to N-Methyl-d-aspartate Neuroreceptors for Evaluation of Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke (2003)

NR2A/2B aAbs are independent and sensitive serologic markers capable of detecting TIA with a high posttest probability and, in conjunction with neurologic observation and neuroimaging, ruling out ICH. The test may help assess risk of TIA in routine general practice and may potentially be useful in assisting diagnosis of acute IS in the emergency setting.
Genetic characterization of site-specific integration functions of phi AAU2 infecting "Arthrobacter aureus" C70 (1996)

All the essential genetic determinants for site-specific integration of corynephage phi AAU2 are contained within a 1,756-bp DNA fragment, carried on the integrative plasmid p5510, and are shown to be functional in Escherichia coli. One open reading frame, ORF4, encoding a protein of 266 amino acids was shown to represent the phi AAU2 integrase. The nucleotide sequence of the phi AAU2 attachment site, attP, and the attB, attL, and attR sequences in the host "Arthrobacter aureus" C70 were determined. Identical nucleotide sequences were shown to be responsible for the integration of p5510 in the chromosomes of Corynebacterium glutamicum, Brevibacterium divaricatum, and B. lactofermentum, and a sequence almost identical to attB was found to be present in these three strains. In contrast to other phage site-specific recombination systems, a plasmid encompassing only int-attP failed to integrate into the host chromosome. This led to the identification of an 800-bp noncoding region, immediately upstream of int, absolutely required for site-specific integration of p5510.
The Mitochondrial-Targeted Compound SS-31 Re-Energizes Ischemic Mitochondria by Interacting with Cardiolipin (2013)

Ischemia causes AKI as a result of ATP depletion, and rapid recovery of ATP on reperfusion is important to minimize tissue damage. ATP recovery is often delayed, however, because ischemia destroys the mitochondrial cristae membranes required for mitochondrial ATP synthesis. The mitochondria-targeted compound SS-31 accelerates ATP recovery after ischemia and reduces AKI, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we used a polarity-sensitive fluorescent analog of SS-31 to demonstrate that SS-31 binds with high affinity to cardiolipin, an anionic phospholipid expressed on the inner mitochondrial membrane that is required for cristae formation. In addition, the SS-31/cardiolipin complex inhibited cytochrome c peroxidase activity, which catalyzes cardiolipin peroxidation and results in mitochondrial damage during ischemia, by protecting its heme iron. Pretreatment of rats with SS-31 protected cristae membranes during renal ischemia and prevented mitochondrial swelling. Prompt recovery of ATP on reperfusion led to rapid repair of ATP-dependent processes, such as restoration of the actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Rapid recovery of ATP also inhibited apoptosis, protected tubular barrier function, and mitigated renal dysfunction. In conclusion, SS-31, which is currently in clinical trials for ischemia-reperfusion injury, protects mitochondrial cristae by interacting with cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Coronary Heart Disease Prevalence and Other Clinical Features in Familial High-Density Lipoprotein Deficiency (Tangier Disease) (1980)

High-density (HD) lipoprotein cholesterol levels have been inversely associated with the incidence of coronary heart disease. The clinical features were reviewed and the prevalence of clinically evident coronary artery or other vascular disease was ascertained in 27 homozygous and 22 obligate heterozygous patients with familial HD lipoprotein deficiency (Tangier disease). Mean HD lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 4 mg/dL in homozygotes, 26 mg/dL in heterozygotes, and 54 mg/dL in normal subjects. Mean low-density (LD) lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 47 mg/dL in homozygotes, 120 mg/dL in heterozygotes, and 124 mg/dL in normal subjects. In heterozygotes or homozygotes 35 years of age or less no evidence of vascular disease was noted. In subjects between 35 and 65 years of age, five of 19 heterozygotes (26%) and five of 11 homozygotes (45%) had some evidence of coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease, as compared to 4% or less in a normal population. The data are consistent with the concept that patients with familial HD lipoprotein deficiency may be at increased risk for premature vascular disease. However, the strikingly accelerated atherosclerosis seen in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia is not seen in patients with Tangier disease possibly due to their normal or reduced LD lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
Fast Ion Conduction in Layer-By-Layer Polymer Films (2003)

The layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition technique has been applied to the design of polymer electrolyte films appropriate for electrochemical applications such as sensors and electrochromic cells. In this work, we describe the properties of three LBL polymer electrolyte systems assembled from cationic layers of linear poly(ethylene imine) (LPEI), with anionic layers of Nafion, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The assembly behavior of these systems was carefully examined, and ionic conductivity was determined using impedance spectroscopy. The influences of assembly conditions and water plasticization on ion conduction were elaborated. Room-temperature ionic conductivity greater than 10-5 S/cm can be achieved within LPEI/PAMPS and LPEI/PAA films, which is 2 orders of magnitude greater than the highest values previously described in LBL films. By manipulating a unique assembly mechanism, high ionic conductivity can be achieved in LPEI/PAMPS films at low plasticizer concentrations. Also, the addition of lithium triflate salt to fully constructed films increases ionic conductivity at low plasticizer concentrations. The evaluation of performance based on assembly conditions clearly reveals the contributions of different materials and morphologies, suggesting themes for further ionic conductivity improvement.
Natural Proteolytic Processing of Hemofiltrate Cc Chemokine 1 Generates a Potent Cc Chemokine Receptor (Ccr)1 and Ccr5 Agonist with Anti-HIV Properties (2000)

Hemofiltrate CC chemokine (HCC)-1 is a recently described human chemokine that is constitutively expressed in numerous tissues and is present at high concentrations in normal plasma. Using a cell line expressing CC chemokine receptor (CCR)5 as a bioassay, we isolated from human hemofiltrate an HCC-1 variant lacking the first eight amino acids. HCC-1[9-74] was a potent agonist of CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 and promoted calcium flux and chemotaxis of T lymphoblasts, monocytes, and eosinophils. It also blocked entry of HIV-1 strains using CCR5 as coreceptor. Limited tryptic digestion of HCC-1 generated the active variant. Conditioned media from several tumor cell lines activated HCC-1 with a high efficiency, and this activity could be inhibited by serine protease inhibitors. Our results indicate that HCC-1 represents a nonfunctional precursor that can be rapidly converted to the active chemokine by proteolytic processing. This process represents an additional mechanism by which tumor cells might generate chemoattractant molecules and recruit inflammatory cells. It might also affect HIV-1 replication in infected individuals and play an important role in AIDS pathogenesis.
The confluence of structure and dynamics in lanthanide(iii) chelates: how dynamics help define structure in solution (2013)

Coordination exchange processes tend to dominate the solution state behaviour of lanthanide chelates and generally prohibit the study of small conformational changes. In this article we take advantage of coordinatively rigid Eu(3+) chelates to examine the small conformational changes that occur in these chelates as water dissociatively exchanges in and out of the inner coordination sphere. The results show that the time-averaged conformation of the chelate alters as the water exchange rate increases. This conformational change reflects a change in the hydration state (q/r(LnH)(6)) of the chelate. The hydration state has recently come to be expressed as two separate parameters q and r(LnH). However, these two parameters simultaneously describe the same structural considerations which in solution are indistinguishable and intrinsically related to, and dependent upon, the dissociative water exchange rate. This realization leads to the broader understanding that a solution state structure can only be appreciated with reference to the dynamics of the system.
Engagement of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor 1 Leads to ATF-2- and p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-dependent TNF-α Gene Expression (1999)

Engagement of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) receptors by the TNF-alpha ligand results in the rapid induction of TNF-alpha gene expression. The study presented here shows that autoregulation of TNF-alpha gene transcription by selective signaling through tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) requires p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity and the binding of the transcription factors ATF-2 and Jun to the TNF-alpha cAMP-response element (CRE) promoter element. Consistent with these findings, TNFR1 engagement results in increased p38 MAP kinase activity and p38-dependent phosphorylation of ATF-2. Furthermore, overexpression of MADD (MAP kinase-activating death domain protein), an adapter protein that binds to the death domain of TNFR1 and activates MAP kinase cascades, results in CRE-dependent induction of TNF-alpha gene expression. Thus, the TNF-alpha CRE site is the target of TNFR1 stimulation and mediates the autoregulation of TNF-alpha gene transcription.
Expression of the immunoglobulin-associated protein B29 in B cell disorders with the monoclonal antibody SN8 (CD79b). (1996)

We studied the expression of the immunoglobulin-associated membrane protein B29 in 499 cases of chronic B cell diseases using the monoclonal antibody SN8 (CD79b). SN8 was positive in 5% (17/330) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 100% (15/15) of B prolymphocytic leukemia. The expression of B29 in other B cell disorders was, as a rule, significantly higher than in CLL. Two thirds of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in leukemic phase were SN8 positive, including lymphoplasmacytic (45%), follicular (83%), mantle cell (92%) and splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (74%) while only 25% of hairy cell leukemias were SN8 positive. Within CLL, 2.3% of typical cases were SN8+ while 16% of cases with atypical morphology and an increased number of prolymphocytes were SN8+. Our results suggest a useful role for SN8 in the immunophenotypic differentiation of B cell disorders as a marker for non-CLL diseases. The analysis of B29 expression may throw light into the structure of the B cell antigen receptor in B cell malignancies while the distinctive reactivity profile of SN8 has direct applications to diagnosis.
Crop Price Indemnified Loans for Farmers: A Pilot Experiment in Rural Ghana (2011)

Farmers face a particular set of risks that complicate the decision to borrow. We use a randomized experiment to investigate (1) the role of crop-price risk in reducing demand for credit among farmers and (2) how risk mitigation changes farmers’ investment decisions. In Ghana, we offer farmers loans with an indemnity component that forgives 50 percent of the loan if crop prices drop below a threshold price. A control group is offered a standard loan product at the same interest rate. Loan uptake is high among all farmers and the indemnity component has little impact on uptake or other outcomes of interest.
Frequency/stress sensitivity of s.a.w. resonators (1976)

Surface-acoustic-wave resonators can be used as stress sensors for measuring force and pressure. Experiments at 160 MHz using rotated y-cut substrates indicate that larger linear changes in resonator frequency can be obtained by deforming the substrate. The s.a.w. transducers, besides being small in size, are also stable in frequency.
15.4: Excellent Performance of Indium‐Oxide‐Based Thin‐Film Transistors by DC Sputtering (2009)

Abstract Results on indium‐oxide‐based transparent oxide TFTs, which the active layer is prepared by DC sputtering, are presented. The fabricated TOS TFTs show high mobility (37 cm 2 /V‐s), high ON/OFF current ratio and large on‐state current. Fabricating oxide TFTs on temperature‐sensitive substrates is also attainable owing to the low temperature process of the active layer preparation.
Functional design of chimeric T-cell antigen receptors for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer: architecture and outcomes. (2012)

Adoptive immunotherapy using genetically modified T-cells with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a promising modality for cancer treatment, because the CAR-grafted T-cells can directly recognize and kill tumor cells, expressing a specific tumor-associated antigen (TAA), in a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-independent manner. Optimal molecular designs of the CAR and a careful choice of the target TAA are requisite to attain a significant response in CAR-mediated therapy. This review provides a brief overview of the past studies and the present state of CAR research, especially focusing on the development of the CAR protein architecture.
Immune complex formation analysed by high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPLC-SEC) using either 125I-labelled antigen or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection. (1984)

A physical/immunochemical method has been developed for the analysis of soluble immune complexes. Human serum with high amount of antibody against bovine serum albumin (BSA) was incubated at 37 degrees with a wide range of 125I-labelled BSA and separated according to size by high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPLC-SEC) on a TSK G 6000 PW column. Fractions were collected onto microplates and analysed either by gamma counting or by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique detecting anti-BSA antibody. The size of the immune complexes were the same when analysed by the two methods. The heaviest immune complexes were seen in moderate antibody excess where the majority of the complexes were eluted in a broad peak around Mr of 7 X 10(6). In large antibody excess the immune complexes eluted at around 3 X 10(6). Around equilibrium two peaks were seen corresponding to 3 X 10(6) and 5 X 10(5). In antigen excess the peak at 3 X 10(6) is diminished and free antigen appears. No changes in the distribution of the complexes were observed when the serum was made 20 mM in EDTA before incubation with BSA.
Densely packed Gd(iii)-chelates with fast water exchange on a calix[4]arene scaffold: a potential MRI contrast agent (2009)

A pyridine-N-oxide functionalized DOTA analogue has been conjugated to a calix[4]arene and the corresponding Gd-complex was characterized with respect to its suitability as MRI contrast agent. The compound forms spherical micelles in water with a cmc of 35 microM and a radius of 8.2 nm. The relaxivity of these aggregates is 31.2 s(-1) mM(-1) at 25 degrees C and 20 MHz, which corresponds to a molecular relaxivity of 125 s(-1) mM(-1). The high relaxivity mainly originates from the short tau(M) (72.7 ns) and the size of the micelles. The interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied and an observed relaxivity of up to 40.8 s(-1) mM(-1) (163.2 s(-1) mM(-1) per binding place) at 20 MHz and 37 degrees C was found in the presence of 2.0 mM protein.
Competitive cyclisation of singlet and triplet nitrenes. Part 7. Reaction pathways of 2-azidophenyl benzothienyl azides (1979)

The thermal decomposition of 2-azidophenyl 2-(3-methylbenzo[b]thienyl) sulphide (7b) and 2-azidophenyl 3-(2-methylbenzo[b]thienyl) sulphide (8) proceeds efficiently by way of a spiro-benzothiazoline (9) or (10) giving benzothiopheno-benzothiazines (11) and (16) in both cases. From the former azide were also isolated two 2-benzothiophenylbenzothiazoles (12) and (13). The reactions do not proceed well in the absence of methyl substituents. 2-Azidophenyl 3-(2,5-dimethylthienyl) sulphide (19) surprisingly gave 2-methylbenzothiazole on thermolysis. These various reaction pathways have been rationalised by comparison with those of the related thienyl sulphides.
Subcarrier Power Adjustment Technique for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction of OFDM Systems (2006)

In this paper, we propose a novel peakto-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction algorithm for OFDM systems that employs a two-step approach for adjusting the subcarrier power levels.The first step redistributes the power level across all subcarriers, which slightly reduces the error robustness of the system, while the second step ensures the subcarrier power distribution obeys a subband power constraint.The resulting power levels satisfy spectrum regulatory requirements across the transmission spectrum while simultaneously reducing the PAPR and maintaining a degree of error robustness.Since no overhead information is required, the proposed algorithm does not incur a throughput penalty.Simulation results for a 256-subcarrier OFDM system employing QPSK symbols and the proposed algorithm show a PAPR reduction of 1.5 dB for a complementary cumulative distribution of 0.1%.
Hyperphosphorylation of a novel 80 kDa protein-tyrosine kinase similar to Ltk in a human Ki-1 lymphoma cell line, AMS3. (1994)

Ki-1 lymphoma is a subtype of human malignant lymphoma characterized by the expression of CD30 (Ki-1) and a peculiar morphology. It is occasionally accompanied by a unique reciprocal chromosomal translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35). A Ki-1 lymphoma cell line, AMS3, was established by maintaining biopsied tumor cells in SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice. To investigate abnormalities of the signal transduction in Ki-1 lymphomas, AMS3 lysate was immunoprecipitated with anti-phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody, 25.2G4, and the immunoprecipitates were subjected to kinase assay and immuno-blotting with 25.2G4. A unique phosphotyrosine-containing protein of MW 80,000, designated p80, was found only in AMS3 cells and not in other cell lines or mononuclear cells from healthy donors. Subsequent amino acid sequence analysis of its tryptic digests showed that p80 was a hitherto undescribed tyrosine phosphoprotein similar to Ltk (leukocyte tyrosine kinase). Furthermore, physical interaction of p80 with CD30 was suggested from immunoprecipitation experiments with AMS3 lysates.
Potential RNA Binding Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Identified as Suppressors of Temperature-Sensitive Mutations in NPL3 (1996)

The NPL3 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a protein with similarity to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). Npl3p has been implicated in many nuclear-related events including RNA export, protein import, and rRNA processing. Several temperature-sensitive alleles of NPL3 have been isolated. We now report the sequence of these alleles. For one allele, npl3-1, four complementation groups of suppressors have been isolated. The cognate genes for the two recessive mutants were cloned. One of these is the previously known RNA15, which, like NPL3, also encodes a protein with similarity to the vertebrate hnRNP A/B protein family. The other suppressor corresponds to a newly defined gene we term HRP1, which also encodes a protein with similarity to the hnRNP A/B proteins of vertebrates. Mutations in HRP1 suppress all npl3 temperature-sensitive alleles but do not bypass an npl3 null allele. We show that HRP1 is essential for cell growth and that the corresponding protein is located in the nucleus. The discovery of two hnRNP homologues that can partially suppress the function of Npl3p, also an RNA binding protein, will be discussed in terms of the possible roles for Npl3p in RNA metabolism.
The emerging roles of energy storage in a competitive power market: Summary of a DOE Workshop (1995)

This report contains a summary of the workshop, {open_quotes}The Emerging Roles of Energy Storage in a Competitive Power Market,{close_quotes} which was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and Sandia National Laboratories and was held in Pleasanton, California on December 6-7, 1994. More than 70 people attended, representing government agencies, national laboratories, equipment vendors, electric utilities and other energy providers, venture capital interests, and consultants. Many types of energy storage were discussed, including electrical (batteries and superconducting magnets), mechanical (flywheels and pumped hydro), hydrogen, compressed air, and thermal energy storage. The objectives of the workshop were to communicate within the energy storage community regarding the costs, benefits, and technical status of various technology options; to explore and elucidate the evolving roles of energy storage in a more dynamic and competitive power and energy marketplace; and to discuss the optimum federal role in this area. The goals of the workshop were fully realized through knowledgeable and insightful presentations and vigorous discussion, which are summarized.
Measuring intracellular pH in the heart using hyperpolarized carbon dioxide and bicarbonate: a 13C and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study (2009)

Metabolically generated (13)CO(2) and H(13)CO(3)(-) can be used as a marker of cardiac pH(i) in vivo, provided that CA activity is at normal levels.