gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of the Estrogen Receptor Through Phosphorylation by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (1995)

The phosphorylation of the human estrogen receptor (ER) serine residue at position 118 is required for full activity of the ER activation function 1 (AF-1). This Ser118 is phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in vitro and in cells treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) in vivo. Overexpression of MAPK kinase (MAPKK) or of the guanine nucleotide binding protein Ras, both of which activate MAPK, enhanced estrogen-induced and antiestrogen (tamoxifen)-induced transcriptional activity of wild-type ER, but not that of a mutant ER with an alanine in place of Ser118. Thus, the activity of the amino-terminal AF-1 of the ER is modulated by the phosphorylation of Ser118 through the Ras-MAPK cascade of the growth factor signaling pathways.
Direct selection and phage display of a Gram-positive secretome (2007)

Surface, secreted and transmembrane protein-encoding open reading frames, collectively the secretome, can be identified in bacterial genome sequences using bioinformatics. However, functional analysis of translated secretomes is possible only if many secretome proteins are expressed and purified individually. We have now developed and applied a phage display system for direct selection, identification, expression and purification of bacterial secretome proteins.
Megakaryocyte Maturation Rate in Thrombocytopenic Rats (1968)

Abstract Increased production of platelets was apparent during recovery from acute thrombocytopenia in rats. Preceding this there was acceleration of maturation of megakaryocytes as determined from the pattern of labeling with 3HTdR. Turnover of an increased number of megakaryocytes was indicated by maintenance of normal megakaryocyte differential counts in the presence of accelerated maturation.
Digital-to-analog Converter having Common-mode Isolation and Differential Output (1973)

A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is described that has transformer-coupled isolation for both power and data inputs and provides a true differential output. The DAC provides a 10-bit, 10.23-V unipolar output of either polarity, depending on which of the two output lines is used as the load reference potential. The common-mode potential may be as large as 250 V, and below 120 Hz the common-mode rejection typically exceeds 100 dB. The isolated, balanced circuit eliminates environmental noise problems and permits long cabling lengths without loss of dc accuracy. The DAC is an analog output feature available on the IBM System/7, a small computer designed for data acquisition and real-time automation applications.
Development and characterization of high-efficiency Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P/GaAs/Ge dual- and triple-junction solar cells (1999)

This paper describes recent progress in the characterization, analysis, and development of high-efficiency, radiation-resistant Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P/GaAs/Ge dual-junction (DJ) and triple-junction (TJ) solar cells. DJ cells have rapidly transitioned from the laboratory to full-scale (325 kW/year) production at Spectrolab. Performance data for over 470000 large-area (26.94 cm/sup 2/), thin (140 /spl mu/m) DJ solar cells grown on low-cost, high-strength Ge substrates are shown. Advances in next-generation triple-junction Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P/GaAs/Ge cells with an active Ge component cell are discussed, giving efficiencies up to 26.7% (21.65-cm/sup 2/ area), AM0, at 28/spl deg/C. Final-to-initial power ratios P/P/sub 0/ of 0.83 were measured for these n-on-p DJ and TJ cells after irradiation with 10/sup 15/ 1-MeV electrons/cm/sup 2/. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements are applied to double heterostructures grown with semiconductor layers and interfaces relevant to these multijunction solar cells, to characterize surface and bulk recombination and guide further device improvements. Dual- and triple-junction Ga/sub 0.5/In/sub 0.5/P/GaAs/Ge cells are compared to competing space photovoltaic technologies, and found to offer 60-75% more end-of-life power than high-efficiency Si cells at a nominal array temperature of 60/spl deg/C.
Design and Synthesis of 23,24-Dinoroleanolic Acid Derivatives, Novel Triterpenoid−Steroid Hybrid Molecules (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTDesign and Synthesis of 23,24-Dinoroleanolic Acid Derivatives, Novel Triterpenoid−Steroid Hybrid MoleculesTadashi Honda and Gordon W. GribbleView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-3564 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 14, 4846–4849Publication Date (Web):June 18, 1998Publication History Received19 March 1998Published online18 June 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo980525yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo980525ybrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Hydrocarbons,Ketones,Molecules,Oxidation Get e-Alerts
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) helper co-infection affects the distribution of an amplicon encoded protein in glia (1994)

HSV-1 derived amplicons expressing cytoplasmic beta-galactosidase (pA-SF1), or plasma membrane targeted TIMP-Thy1 (pA-TT1), were used to transduce glial cells in vitro. By monitoring the expression of reporter genes from both amplicons and helper virus, we determined that many cells were infected by both particles. In glial cells infected only by pA-SF1 beta-galactosidase immunoreactivity was restricted to the cytoplasm; co-infection with helper HSV-1 (wild type), resulted in additional nuclear beta-galactosidase immunoreactivity. Co-infection of cells with amplicon pA-TT1 and helper virus did not affect the plasma membrane localization of TIMP/Thy1. Thus, co-infection with wild type helper virus altered the localization of an amplicon encoded cytoplasmic, but not plasma membrane protein.
Challenges in Adapting Australian Water Resources and Infrastructure to Climate Change (2010)

There is widespread agreement amongst the international\nscientific community that climate change is occurring, that it is largely manmade and that it will have significant implications for humanity. Climate change poses major problems for many sectors, such that there is now growing awareness of the need to adapt in order to minimise the negative impacts and exploit possible future benefits under a changed climate. To assist in defining Australia’s climate change adaptation research agenda for the water sector, a comprehensive review was undertaken as part of the Australian Climate Change Adaptation Research Network for Settlements and Infrastructure (ACCARNSI)— one of the eight thematic research networks under the National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility (NCCARF) (www.nccarf.edu.au).\n\nThis review seeks to outline a range of critical knowledge\ngaps and future research priority areas for the water sector. It is suggested that future research effort in these key areas would assist the water industry in formulating effective water infrastructure and water security adaptation responses. Given the extensive range of potential climate change impacts on water resources, the research potential in this field is known to be almost limitless (USEPA, 2008). Consequently, this review provides a high-level overview of suggested ‘priority’ research needs and by no means represents an exhaustive list of all current challenges and future research needs for water sector adaptation.
Gene therapy for hepatoma cells using a retrovirus vector carrying herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene under the control of human alpha-fetoprotein gene promoter. (1995)

The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene is normally expressed in fetal liver and is transcriptionally silent in adult liver but is reactivated in hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been shown that the positive and negative transcriptionally regulatory elements of the human AFP gene, which play an important role in its developmental regulation, exist over the quite extended region (4 kb). We constructed a hybrid gene consisting of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene under the control of the 0.3-kb human AFP gene promoter and inserted it into a retroviral vector. When AFP-producing hepatoma cells were infected with this recombinant retrovirus (LNAF0.3TK virus), the cells expressed HSV-tk gene and exhibited increased sensitivity to ganciclovir parallel with the ability of AFP production. On the other hand, the retroviral infection had little effect on ganciclovir-mediated cytotoxicity in AFP-nonproducing hepatoma or non-hepatoma cells. Moreover, the addition of dexamethasone increased the cytotoxicity of aciclovir to the virus-infected, AFP-producing cells through a glucocorticoid-responsive element in the AFP promoter, although aciclovir, by itself, had little cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that the AFP promoter sequence alone can provide enough tumor-specific activity for therapeutic gene expression and induce selective growth inhibition by ganciclovir in the virus-infected, AFP-producing human hepatoma cells. In addition, it is possible that expression of the therapeutic gene is modulated by administration of dexamethasone or other agents that alter AFP promoter activity after gene transduction.
A Human Cytomegalovirus gO-Null Mutant Fails To Incorporate gH/gL into the Virion Envelope and Is Unable To Enter Fibroblasts and Epithelial and Endothelial Cells (2009)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) depends upon a five-protein complex, gH/gL/UL128-131, to enter epithelial and endothelial cells. A separate HCMV gH/gL-containing complex, gH/gL/gO, has been described. Our prevailing model is that gH/gL/UL128-131 is required for entry into biologically important epithelial and endothelial cells and that gH/gL/gO is required for infection of fibroblasts. Genes encoding UL128-131 are rapidly mutated during laboratory propagation of HCMV on fibroblasts, apparently related to selective pressure for the fibroblast entry pathway. Arguing against this model in the accompanying paper by B. J. Ryckman et al. (J. Virol., 84:2597-2609, 2010), we describe evidence that clinical HCMV strain TR expresses a gO molecule that acts to promote endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export of gH/gL and that gO is not stably incorporated into the virus envelope. This was different from results involving fibroblast-adapted HCMV strain AD169, which incorporates gO into the virion envelope. Here, we constructed a TR gO-null mutant, TRDeltagO, that replicated to low titers, spread poorly among fibroblasts, but produced normal quantities of extracellular virus particles. TRDeltagO particles released from fibroblasts failed to infect fibroblasts and epithelial and endothelial cells, but the chemical fusogen polyethylene glycol (PEG) could partially overcome defects in infection. Therefore, TRDeltagO is defective for entry into all three cell types. Defects in entry were explained by observations showing that TRDeltagO incorporated about 5% of the quantities of gH/gL in extracellular virus particles compared with that in wild-type virions. Although TRDeltagO particles could not enter cells, cell-to-cell spread involving epithelial and endothelial cells was increased relative to TR, apparently resulting from increased quantities of gH/gL/UL128-131 in virions. Together, our data suggest that TR gO acts as a chaperone to promote ER export and the incorporation of gH/gL complexes into the HCMV envelope. Moreover, these data suggest that it is gH/gL, and not gH/gL/gO, that is present in virions and is required for infection of fibroblasts and epithelial and endothelial cells. Our observations that both gH/gL and gH/gL/UL128-131 are required for entry into epithelial/endothelial cells differ from models for other beta- and gammaherpesviruses that use one of two different gH/gL complexes to enter different cells.
The potential of desferrioxamine-gallium as an anti- Pseudomonas therapeutic agent (2008)

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes infections that are difficult to treat by antibiotic therapy. This bacterium can cause biofilm infections where it shows tolerance to antibiotics. Here we report the novel use of a metallo-complex, desferrioxamine-gallium (DFO-Ga) that targets P. aeruginosa iron metabolism. This complex kills free-living bacteria and blocks biofilm formation. A combination of DFO-Ga and the anti-Pseudomonas antibiotic gentamicin caused massive killing of P. aeruginosa cells in mature biofilms. In a P. aeruginosa rabbit corneal infection, topical administration of DFO-Ga together with gentamicin decreased both infiltrate and final scar size by about 50% compared to topical application of gentamicin alone. The use of DFO-Ga as a Trojan horse delivery system that interferes with iron metabolism shows promise as a treatment for P. aeruginosa infections.
Superstrong micro-grained polycrystalline diamond compact through work hardening under high pressure (2018)

We report an approach to strengthen micro-grained polycrystalline diamond (MPD) compact through work hardening under high pressure and high temperature, in which both hardness and fracture toughness are simultaneously boosted. Micro-sized diamond powders are treated without any additives under a high pressure of 14 GPa and temperatures ranging from 1000 °C to 2000 °C. It was found that the high pressure and high temperature environments could constrain the brittle feature and cause a severe plastic deformation of starting diamond grains to form a mutual bonded diamond network. The relative density is increased with temperature to nearly fully dense at 1600 °C. The Vickers hardness of the well-prepared MPD bulks at 14 GPa and 1900 °C reaches the top limit of the single crystal diamond of 120 GPa, and the near-metallic fracture toughness of the sample is as high as 18.7 MPa m1/2.
Nucleofection of Expression Vectors Induces a Robust Interferon Response and Inhibition of Cell Proliferation (2013)

The interferon (IFN) response, induced as a side effect after transfection of nucleic acids into mammalian cells, is known but inadequately described. We followed the IFN response, the fate of cells, and the possible mechanisms leading to this response in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts after DNA nucleofection. The gateway destination vector, phGf, and its derivatives encoding toxic and non-toxic variants of the minor structural proteins of polyomaviruses, VP2 and VP3, were used. DNA vector sequences induced in cells the production of high levels of IFN and the upregulation of the IFN-inducible genes, Mx-1, STAT1, IRF1, and IRF7. The IFN response was not restricted to phGf-derived plasmids. In nucleofected cells, upregulation of the modified γ-histone 2A.X indicating DNA damage and inhibition of cell proliferation were also observed. Although 3T3 cells expressed the Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) and vectors used for nucleofection contained unmethylated CpGs, signaling leading to IFN induction was found to be TLR9 independent. However, the early activation of nuclear factor-kappa B suggested the participation of this transcription factor in IFN induction. Surprisingly, in contrast to nucleofection, transfection using a cationic polymer induced only a poor IFN response. Together, the results point to a strong side effect of nucleofection.
The DEBR rat, alopecia areata and autoantibodies to the hair follicle (1996)

Many attempts have been made to implicate hair follicle-specific autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA), a suspected autoimmune disease. Using the DEBR rat model for AA, we developed a refined indirect immunofluorescent technique to examine the sera from individual rats for the presence of autoantibodies to the hair follicle and to other tissues. Sera were tested on cryostat sections from normal PVG/Ola rats and DEBR rats. We found that DEBR sera contained IgG autoantibodies specific for hair follicle epidermal differentia. While individual sera revealed detailed differences, the target tissues identified were hair cortex and cuticle and the inner root sheath, especially the Henle's layer. Some sera also contained autoantibodies specific for skeletal muscle and nuclear components. Of 10 young prelesional rats with apparently normal coats of hair, three had hair follicle autoantibodies and seven had skeletal muscle autoantibodies. Nine of 10 active lesional rats with progressing hair loss had follicle autoantibodies and four had skeletal muscle autoantibodies. All 10 established lesional rats had follicle autoantibodies and one had muscle autoantibodies. Control sera from eight PVG/Ola rats showed no specific positive staining for hair follicle components or other tissues. Autoantibodies to intracellular hair follicle differentiation products were readily detected in DEBR rat sera. As these antibodies appeared to be generated after the appearance of the mononuclear follicular infiltrate, such autoantibodies may be a secondary effect. We conclude that, while the presence of autoantibodies in the DEBR rat model is associated with autoimmune activity, their role in the pathogenic progression of AA has yet to be ascertained.
Feature-based volume metamorphosis (1995)

Article Feature-based volume metamorphosis Share on Authors: Apostolos Lerios Center for Integrated Systems, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Center for Integrated Systems, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile , Chase D. Garfinkle Center for Integrated Systems, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Center for Integrated Systems, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile , Marc Levoy Center for Integrated Systems, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Center for Integrated Systems, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '95: Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniquesSeptember 1995 Pages 449–456https://doi.org/10.1145/218380.218502Online:15 September 1995Publication History 89citation1,044DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations89Total Downloads1,044Last 12 Months14Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum-Sensing Systems May Control Virulence Factor Expression in the Lungs of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (2002)

ABSTRACT Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are commonly colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The chronic infections caused by P. aeruginosa are punctuated by acute exacerbations of the lung disease, which lead to significant morbidity and mortality. As regulators of virulence determinants, P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing systems may be active in the chronic lung infections associated with CF. We have examined the levels of autoinducer molecules and transcript accumulation from the bacterial populations found in the lungs of patients with CF. We detected biologically active levels of N -(3-oxododecanoyl)- l -homoserine (3-oxo-C12-HSL) and N -butyryl- l -homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) in sputum from CF patients. Interestingly, it appears that C4-HSL is less frequently detected than 3-oxo-C12-HSL in the lungs of patients with CF. We also examined the transcription of the autoinducer synthase gene lasI and showed that it is frequently expressed in the lungs of patients with CF. We observed a significant correlation between the expression of lasI and four target genes of the Las quorum-sensing system. Taken together, our results indicate that quorum-sensing systems are active and may control virulence factor expression in the lungs of patients with CF.
Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: Pathogenesis and novel therapeutic approaches (2013)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a disease spectrum, ranging from mere hepatic steatosis to hepatic necroinflammation (NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). NASH often leads to fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis with a high risk of liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. The course of NAFLD is highly variable, and only a minority of patients (2-3%) progress to end-stage liver disease. However, due to a dramatic increase of the risk factors for NAFLD, that is obesity and insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, that affect 15-30% and 7-15% of subjects, in most industrialized countries, respectively, NAFLD has become the most frequent liver disease and is even considered a pace setter of the metabolic syndrome. Sedentary lifestyle, modern Western nutrition, and genetic predispositions have been identified as major causes of NAFLD. These lead to liver injury via insulin resistance and an excess of free fatty acids in hepatocytes, resulting in oxidant stress and lipotoxicity that promote the activation of intracellular stress kinases and apoptosis or necroapoptosis (NASH). The damaged hepatocytes directly trigger inflammation and fibrogenesis, but can also lead to the emergence of fibrogenic progenitor cells. Moreover, NASH is linked to inflammation in peripheral adipose tissues that involves mainly macrophages and humoral factors, such as adipokines and cytokines. The most efficient treatment is by weight loss and exercise, but (adjunctive) pharmacological strategies are urgently needed. Here, we highlight the aspects of NAFLD epidemiology and pathophysiology that are beginning to lead to novel pharmacological approaches to address this growing health-care challenge.