gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cephalosporanic acids. Part IV. 7-Acylamidoceph-2-em-4-carboxylic acids (1966)

The combined action of bases and acid anhydrides on 7-acylamidocephalosporanic acids, and the action of bases on their esters, set up equilibria in which the corresponding Δ2-isomers predominate. The isomerisation represents a prototropic shift probably favoured by the sulphur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring. The acetoxy-group in the Δ2-compounds can be replaced by nucleophiles.Treatment of methyl 3-acetoxymethyl-7β-phenylacetamidoceph-3-em-4-carboxylate 1ξ-oxide with a base results in decarboxylation. Attempts to prepare 7β-phenylacetamidoceph-2-em-4ξ-carboxylic acid 1ξ-oxide resulted in formation of its Δ3-isomer and some carbon dioxide.
Extensive Axonal and Glial Fiber Growth from Fetal Porcine Cortical Xenografts in the Adult Rat Cortex (1995)

Axonal growth from cortically placed fetal neural transplants to subcortical targets in adult hosts has been difficult to demonstrate and is assumed to be minimal; however, experiments using xenogeneic neural grafts of either human or porcine fetal tissues into the adult rat striatum, mesencephalon, and spinal cord have demonstrated the capability for long-distance axonal growth. This study reports similar results for porcine cortical xenografts placed in the adult rat cerebral cortex and compares these findings with results from cortical allografts. Adult rats that previously received unilateral cortical lesions by an oblique intracortical stereotaxic injection of quinolinic acid, were implanted with suspensions of either E14 rat or E38 xenogeneic porcine fetal cortical cells. Xenografted rats were immunosuppressed by cyclosporin A. The corpus callosum was intact in all cases and grafts were confined to the overlying cortex. After a 31-34 wk posttransplant survival period, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry revealed that both allo- and xenografts received host afferents. Retrograde tracer injections into the ipsilateral striatum and cerebral peduncle in allografted animals failed to show any axonal growth to either subcortical target. Using a porcine-specific axonal marker in xenografted animals, we found graft axons in white matter tracts (corpus callosum, internal capsule, cingulum bundle, and medial forebrain bundle) and within the caudate-putamen and both the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral cortex. Graft axons were not found in the thalamus, midbrain, or spinal cord. In addition, using an antibody to porcine glial fibers, we observed more extensive graft glial fiber growth into the same host fiber tracts, as far caudally as the cerebral peduncle, but not into gray matter targets outside the cortex. These results demonstrate that porcine cortical xenograft axons and glia can extend from lesioned cerebral cortex to cortical and subcortical targets in the adult rat brain. These findings are relevant for prospects of repairing cortical damage and obtaining functional recovery.
Surgical repair of tricuspid atresia (1971)

Surgical repair of tricuspid atresia has been carried out in three patients; two of these operations have been successful. A new surgical procedure has been used which transmits the whole vena caval blood to the lungs, while only oxygenated blood returns to the left heart. The right atrium is, in this way, `ventriclized9, to direct the inferior vena caval blood to the left lung, the right pulmonary artery receiving the superior vena caval blood through a cava-pulmonary anastomosis. This technique depends on the size of the pulmonary arteries, which must be large enough and at sufficiently low pressure to allow a cava-pulmonary anastomosis. The indications for this procedure apply only to children sufficiently well developed. Younger children or those whose pulmonary arteries are too small should be treated by palliative surgical procedures.
Highly Stable Ga2O3-In2O3-ZnO TFT for Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode Display Application (2006)

We, for the first time, have successfully fabricated amorphous Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -ZnO thin film transistor (TFT) with excellent electrical properties and good stability under constant current stress. This transistor shows a field effect mobility of 10 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs, an off current below 2 pA and a drain current on-to-off ratio of above 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> . The threshold voltage shift was less than 0.2 V for 100 hours at 3 muA and 60 degC. Such stable oxide transistors can be utilized as driving transistor for large area OLED display
Interindividual differences in motor network connectivity and behavioral response to iTBS in stroke patients (2017)

Cerebral plasticity-inducing approaches like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are of high interest in situations where reorganization of neural networks can be observed, e.g., after stroke. However, an increasing number of studies suggest that improvements in motor performance of the stroke-affected hand following modulation of primary motor cortex (M1) excitability by rTMS shows a high interindividual variability. We here tested the hypothesis that in stroke patients the interindividual variability of behavioral response to excitatory rTMS is related to interindividual differences in network connectivity of the stimulated region. Chronic stroke patients (<i>n</i> = 14) and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 12) were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a simple hand motor task. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used to investigate effective connectivity of key motor regions. On two different days after the fMRI experiment, patients received either intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) over ipsilesional M1 or control stimulation over the parieto-occipital cortex. Motor performance and TMS parameters of cortical excitability were measured before and after iTBS. Our results revealed that patients with better motor performance of the affected hand showed stronger endogenous coupling between supplemental motor area (SMA) and M1 before starting the iTBS intervention. Applying iTBS to ipsilesional M1 significantly increased ipsilesional M1 excitability and decreased contralesional M1 excitability as compared to control stimulation. Individual behavioral improvements following iTBS specifically correlated with neural coupling strengths in the stimulated hemisphere prior to stimulation, especially for connections targeting the stimulated M1. Combining endogenous connectivity and behavioral parameters explained 82% of the variance in hand motor performance observed after iTBS. In conclusion, the data suggest that the individual susceptibility to iTBS after stroke is influenced by interindividual differences in motor network connectivity of the lesioned hemisphere.
Remote Monitoring of Human Vital Signs Using mm-Wave FMCW Radar (2019)

Electromagnetic radars have been shown potentially to be used for remote sensing of biosignals in a more comfortable and easier way than wearable and contact devices. While there is an increasing interest in using radars for health monitoring, their performance has not been tested and reported either in practical scenarios or with acceptable low errors. Therefore, we use a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar operating at 77 GHz in a bedroom environment to extract the respiration and heart rates of a patient, who is used to lying down on the bed. Indeed, the proposed signal processing contains advanced phase unwrapping manipulation, which is unique. In addition, the results are compared with a reliable reference sensor. Our results show that the correlations between the reference sensor and the radar estimates are in 94% and 80% for breathing and heart rates, respectively.
Aldol Reaction of Nucleoside 5′-Carboxaldehydes with Acetone. Synthesis of 5′-C-Chain Extended Thymidine Derivatives (1990)

Abstract Reaction of 3′-0-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-2′-deoxythymidine-5′-carboxaldehyde and 2′,3′-dideoxythymidine-5′-carboxaldehyde with acetone afforded a 3:2 mixture of the two (5′R)- and (5′S)-5′-acetonylthymidine derivatives.
Content-based Video Signatures based on Projections of Difference Images (2007)

We propose a novel video signature extraction method based on projections of difference images between consecutive video frames. The difference images are projected onto random basis vectors to create a low dimensional bitstream representation of the active content (moving regions) between two video frames. A sequence of these signatures serves to identify the underlying video content in a robust manner. Our experimental results show that the proposed video signature is robust to most common signal processing operations on video content such as compression, resolution scaling, brightness scaling.
Creating a room connectivity graph of a building from per-room sensor units (2012)

Sensor and actuator networks are often installed in buildings for energy-related applications such as lighting and climate control. Such systems require metadata about the deployed hardware (e.g. which room each is in, what the function of each room is) in order to operate effectively. In this paper we present methods to automatically determine such metadata, in particular the room connectivity graph (i.e., which rooms share a doorway/interior window). Crucially, our method works with just one sensor unit per room, does not require special placement of any of the sensors, and can therefore work on data from existing widely-deployed applications (such as burglar alarms). We apply this method to a 30-day data set from single per-room sensor units deployed in two residential homes in the United Kingdom. Room connectivity is determined based on: spillover of artificial light between rooms; occupancy detections due to movement between rooms; and a fusion of the two. The fusion of both techniques is shown to work better than either technique alone, with a 93% true positive rate and 0.5% false positive rate (aggregate across both houses), and a convergence time of under a week.
Durées de fluorescence des sels d'uranyle solides et de leurs solutions, (1929)

Les sels d'uranyle, ainsi que certaines de leurs solutions, excités parla lumière bleue, présentent une fluorescence verte durable que l'on peut observer par la méthode classique du phosphoroscope de Becquerel. La durée d'émission de cette fluorescence a été étudiée en adjoignant à un tel phosphoroscope un dispositif photométrique précis, qui permet de vérifier que la luminescence, après un éclairement instantané, décroît exponentiellement [FORMULE] et de déterminer (à la température ordinaire et à celle de l'air liquide) la grandeur τ qui représente la vie moyenne des molécules dans l'état excité. Ces mesures ont été faites : 1° pour les sels solides anciennement étudiés par Becquerel de façon peu précise. 2° pour les solutions dans l'acide sulfurique et l'acide métaphosphorique dont la fluorescence a une durée du même ordre que celle des cristaux, comme l'a découvert l'un de nous. L'ensemble des résultats confirme l'hypothèse que la luminescence des sels d'uranyle est une fluorescence simple de longue durée, due à des transformations d'activation et de désactivation spontanée entre l'état normal et un état d'activation électronique presque métastable du groupe UO².
Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of a humanized monoclonal antibody against the IL-2 receptor (DACLIZUMAB) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rhesus monkeys (2001)

CIA in the rhesus monkey is an autoimmune-based polyarthritis with inflammation and erosion of synovial joints that shares various features with human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The close phylogenetic relationship between man and rhesus monkey makes the model very suitable for preclinical safety and efficacy testing of new therapeutics with exclusive reactivity in primates. In this study we have investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of a humanized monoclonal antibody (Daclizumab) against the alpha-chain of the IL-2 receptor (CD25). When Daclizumab treatment was started well after immunization but before the expected onset of CIA a significant reduction of joint-inflammation and joint-erosion was observed. A therapeutic treatment, initiated as soon as the first clinical signs of CIA were observed, proved also effective since joint-degradation was abrogated. The results of this study indicate that Daclizumab has clinical potential for the treatment of RA during periods of active inflammation and suppression of the destruction of the joint tissues.
Compensation of electromagnetic tracking system using an optical tracker and its application to bronchoscopy navigation system (2007)

This paper investigates the utilization of the ultra-tiny electromagnetic tracker (UEMT) in a bronchoscope navigation system. In a bronchoscope navigation system, it is important to track the tip of a bronchoscope or catheter in real time. An ultra-tiny electromagnetic tracker (UEMT), which can be inserted into the working channel of a bronchoscope, allows us to track the tip of a bronchoscope or a catheter in real time. However, the accuracy of such UEMTs can be easily a.ected by ferromagnetic materials existing around the systems. This research tries to utilize a method for obtaining a function that compensates the outputs of a UEMT in a bronchoscope navigation system using a method proposed by Sato et al. This method uses a special jig combining a UEMT and an optical tracker (OT). Prior to bronchoscope navigation, we sweep this jig around an examination table and record outputs of both the UEMT and the OT. By using the outputs of the OT as reference data, we calculate a higher-order polynomial that compensates the UEMT outputs. We applied this method to the bronchoscope navigation system and performed bronchoscope navigation inside a bronchial phantom on the examination table. The experimental results showed that this method can reduce the position sensing error from 53.2 mm to 3.5 mm on a conventional examination table. Also, by using compensated outputs, it was possible to produce virtual bronchoscopic images synchronized with real bronchoscopic images.
Role of the Retinoblastoma Pathway in Senescence Triggered by Repression of the Human Papillomavirus E7 Protein in Cervical Carcinoma Cells (2004)

Repression of the endogenous human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18 E7 gene in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells by the bovine papillomavirus E2 transcription factor activates the retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway and induces cells to undergo senescence. To determine whether activation of the Rb pathway is responsible for senescence in response to HPV18 E7 repression, we tested the ability of wild-type and mutant E7 proteins to affect the activity of the Rb pathway and to modulate senescence in these cells. Enforced expression of the wild-type HPV16 E7 protein prevented Rb activation in response to E2 expression and impaired senescence. Importantly, there was an absolute correlation between the ability of mutant E7 proteins to inactivate the Rb pathway and to inhibit senescence in HeLa cells. Similar results were obtained in HT-3 cervical carcinoma cells. These results provide strong genetic evidence that activation of the Rb pathway is required for senescence in response to E7 repression. Hence, continuous neutralization of the Rb pathway by the E7 protein is required to maintain the proliferation of cervical carcinoma cells. Similarly, our results indicate that activation of the Rb pathway can prevent apoptosis induced by repression of the HPV18 E6 gene in HeLa cells.
Neurotrophin-Trk Receptor Interactions in Neoplasia: A Possible Role in Interstitial and Perineural Invasion in Ductal Pancreatic Cancer (1996)

Autocrine and paracrine influences of growth factors play a critical role in the regulation of the growth, survival, differentiation, and invasion potential of tumor cells. These influences on the neoplastic phenotype are particularly important in those cancers in which tumor-stroma interactions constitute important components of tumor development, as exemplified by prostatic, breast, and pancreatic carcinomas. The neurotrophins and their corresponding Trk and p75(NGFR) receptor subtypes are families of growth factors and receptors that have received relatively little attention with respect to neoplasia. This review attempts to summarize their biochemical properties, their role in neuronal and non-neuronal systems, and their involvement in the development of a variety of cancers, particularly those in which perineural invasion and/or metastasis to the CNS are a part of the pathophysiological presentation. In this regard, we have focused on our studies of neurotrophin-Trk/p75(NGFR) expression and interactions in pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) and their potential role in the perineural invasive phenotype characteristic of this cancer.
Secretion of human serum albumin from Bacillus subtilis (1987)

We have fused the structural gene (hsa) for human serum albumin (HSA) to the expression elements and signal sequence coding region of each of two genes from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens P, an alpha-amylase gene (amyBamP) and a neutral protease gene (nprBamP). Bacillus subtilis strains harboring either of these gene fusions synthesized a protein with the antigenic characteristics and size (68 kilodaltons) of HSA. Results from pulse-labeling studies indicated that the bacterially produced HSA was secreted from cells which had been converted to protoplasts. Results from similar studies with intact cells suggested that the signal sequence was removed from the hybrid protein, providing further evidence that B. subtilis can translocate this foreign protein across the cell membrane. Signal sequence removal was efficient when the level of HSA synthesis was low. However, in strains which synthesized HSA at a high level, signal sequence removal was less efficient.
Manual of Salmonid Farming (1999)

Manual of salmonid farming , Manual of salmonid farming , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Design of structurally distinct proteins using strategies inspired by evolution (2016)

Natural recombination combines pieces of preexisting proteins to create new tertiary structures and functions. We describe a computational protocol, called SEWING, which is inspired by this process and builds new proteins from connected or disconnected pieces of existing structures. Helical proteins designed with SEWING contain structural features absent from other de novo designed proteins and, in some cases, remain folded at more than 100°C. High-resolution structures of the designed proteins CA01 and DA05R1 were solved by x-ray crystallography (2.2 angstrom resolution) and nuclear magnetic resonance, respectively, and there was excellent agreement with the design models. This method provides a new strategy to rapidly create large numbers of diverse and designable protein scaffolds.
An immune response manifested by the common occurrence of annexins I and II autoantibodies and high circulating levels of IL-6 in lung cancer (2001)

The identification of circulating tumor antigens or their related autoantibodies provides a means for early cancer diagnosis as well as leads for therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify proteins that commonly induce a humoral response in lung cancer by using a proteomic approach and to investigate biological processes that may be associated with the development of autoantibodies. Aliquots of solubilized proteins from a lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) and from lung tumors were subjected to two-dimensional PAGE, followed by Western blot analysis in which individual sera were tested for primary antibodies. Sera from 54 newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer and 60 patients with other cancers and from 61 noncancer controls were analyzed. Sera from 60% of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 33% of patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma but none of the noncancer controls exhibited IgG-based reactivity against proteins identified as glycosylated annexins I and/or II. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that annexin I was expressed diffusely in neoplastic cells in lung tumor tissues, whereas annexin II was predominant at the cell surface. Interestingly, IL-6 levels were significantly higher in sera of antibody-positive lung cancer patients compared with antibody-negative patients and controls. We conclude that an immune response manifested by annexins I and II autoantibodies occurs commonly in lung cancer and is associated with high circulating levels of an inflammatory cytokine. The proteomic approach we have implemented has utility for the development of serum-based assays for cancer diagnosis as we report in this paper on the discovery of antiannexins I and/or II in sera from patients with lung cancer.
Investigation of the Degradation Mechanisms of Poly(malic acid) Esters in Vitro and Their Related Cytotoxicities on J774 Macrophages (2003)

Poly(beta-malic acid) hydrophobic derivatives are promising polymers for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. The objectives of the present work were to study the in vitro degradation profile of three PMLA hydrophobic derivatives and to evaluate their cytotoxicity before and after degradation. For this purpose, nanoparticles from poly(benzyl-malate) (PMLABe), poly(hexyl-malate) (PMLAHe), and poly(malic acid-co-benzyl-malate) (PMLAH/He) were prepared for degradation studies on standardized materials. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and 1H NMR indicated that degradation occurred by random hydrolysis of the polymer main chain for all three polymer derivatives. The presence of carboxyl groups on the side chain and their esterification with different alcohols varying hydrophilicities could affect the degradation rate. It was postulated that the degradation depended on the rate of diffusion of water into the core of the particles. The cytotoxicity of the polymer nanospheres as well as their degradation products were evaluated in vitro with J774 A1 murine macrophage-like cell line. The cytotoxicity depended on the degradation rate of the polymers and the amount of degradation products of low molecular weight produced.
Inhibitory Effect of Perillosides A and C, and Related Monoterpene Glucosides on Aldose Reductase and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. (1995)

Monoterpene glucosides, perillosides A and C, obtained from the leaves of Perilla frutescens, were found to be inhibitors of aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) which is considered to be a key enzyme in diabetic complications such as cataract. The apparent type of inhibition of rat lens aldose reductase by perillosides A and C was competitive with respect to glyceraldehyde and their K(i) values were 1.4 x 10(-4) and 2.3 x 10(-4) M, respectively. The type of inhibition by their tetraacetates was non-competitive with respect to the same substrate, although their inhibitory effects were increased by about one order of magnitude compared with those of the perilllosides and the K(i) values were 2.5 x 10(-5) and 7.1 x 10(-5) M, respectively. We also prepared related monoterpene glucosides and their tetraacetates and determined their inhibitory activities towards aldose reductase in order to elucidate the relationship between structure and inhibitory activity.