gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The developmental potential of a euploid male teratocarcinoma cell line after blastocyst injection (1982)

A karyotypically normal male embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line, P19, produced large numbers of chimaeras in midgestation after groups of cells were injected into mouse blastocysts. A wide variety of apparently normal tissues were colonized by the EC cells but most chimaeras were also morphologically abnormal. Few live chimaeras were produced and all contained tumours of EC cell origin as well as EC contributions to normal tissues. This apparently incomplete regulation of the EC cells by the embryonic environment was not due to EC cell variation, since a clonal subline. P19S18, produced similar patterns of colonization. It was also not caused by the inability of the blastocyst to regulate large numbers of injected EC cells, since a single P19S18 cell could contribute to both normal and tumour tissue in the same mouse. Neither a high rate of colonization of the embryo nor a normal karyotype is, therefore, sufficient to ensure reversion of EC cells to normal embryonic behaviour.
Nanotechnology with Soft Materials (2003)

Nature exploits self-organization of soft materials in many ways, to produce cell membranes, biopolymer fibers and viruses, to name just three. Mankind is now able to design materials at the nanoscale, whether through atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule methods (top-down) or through self-organization (bottom-up). The latter method encompasses soft nanotechnology. Self-organization of soft materials can be exploited to create a panoply of nanostructures for diverse applications. The richness of structures results from the weak ordering because of noncovalent interactions. Thus, thermal energy is important as it enables transitions between phases with differing degrees of order. The power of self-organization may be harnessed most usefully in a number of nanotechnology applications, which include the preparation of nanoparticles, the templating of nanostructures, nanomotor design, the exploitation of biomineralization, and the development of functionalized delivery vectors.
Could antibodies against Serum Amyloid A function as physiological regulators in humans? (2010)

The natural structuring of the immune system is responsible for the functional physiological state of the body. The development of natural autoantibodies involved in homeostasis relies on the ability to distinguish between exposed/masked and altered/non-altered self antigens. The objectives of this article were to address the relationships between antigen and autoantibodies against serum amyloid A (SAA), define SAA protein concentrations in 219 blood donor (BD) sera and determine their autoantibody levels and search for possible clinical associations with autoimmune and thrombotic diseases. Just recently, an increasing number of reports have indicated significantly decreased levels of autoantibodies against pro-inflammatory molecules, such as anti-TNF-alpha, anti-IL-6, or anti-CRP found in diseased conditions, as compared to healthy donors, or even to less severe disease conditions. In accord with this line of thought, our data indicate a predominant presence of anti-SAA autoantibodies in healthy BDs (above 95% as tested by the immunoblot analysis, n = 41). Using ELISA, high levels of anti-SAA antibodies were confirmed with a median OD = 0.996 for the BD group (n = 219). This suggests that anti-SAA antibodies might have a physiological role in homeostasis and/or the innate immune system and could actually be a part of the natural antibody repertoire. Significantly, lower median levels were found in patients with arterial thrombosis. Based on 219 BD sera, we could establish a new median value of 20 μg/ml for SAA antigen and a cut-off value of 114.7 μg/ml (97.5th percentile). Significantly, higher concentrations of SAA were observed for antiphospholipid syndrome, rheumatoid arthritic, and SLE patients.
Effects of Spray/Walls Interactions in TOSQAN Tests (2008)

The paper shows the results obtained applying the FUMO code to the simulation of TOSQAN 101 and 113 tests, two benchmarks around spray experiments proposed in SARNET network. TOSQAN facility is a 7 m3 well instrumented cylindrical vessel where steam and non-condensable gases can be injected. Tests consist of a water spray injection into this\nenclosure, initially filled with an air-steam or air-steam-helium mixture: the cold test 113 is dedicated to study the helium mixing due to spray activation while the hot test 101 studies the influence of a cold water injection on an atmosphere previously pressurised with a mixture of air and steam.\nTOSQAN experimental results provide a significant basis to validate numerical models describing mass and energy exchanges among the containment atmosphere and sprayed droplets. Moreover, they show that the spray water evaporation from the vessel hot structures has not a negligible effect on the overall pressure transient. Different configurations were considered for FUMO simulations, in order to investigate both code capabilities in simulating the internal spray and the effects of the interaction among spray water droplets and vessel structures. The main phenomena highlighted are the atmosphere mixing induced by the spray entrainment and the heat and mass transfer on droplets and walls.
The Relationship between Ventricular Fluid Pressure and Body Position in Normal Subjects and Subjects with Shunts: A Telemetric Study (1990)

Abstract Using a chronically implanted telemetric pressure sensor, we have determined the quantitative relationship between changes in body position and ventricular fluid pressure in normal subjects and subjects with shunts. The method allows accurate, reliable measurement of negative as well as positive pressures. We describe the derangement of postural intraventricular pressure regulation caused by placement of a shunt, as well as the influence of various shunt systems and the antisiphon device on this problem. Ventriculoatrial, ventriculoperitoneal, and ventriculopleural shunts all caused similar severely abnormal postural intracranial pressure relationships. The antisiphon device was generally effective in restoring normal pressures in patients in the upright position. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the mechanisms of postural intracranial pressure regulation in patients without hydrocephalus.
Stem cells and alopecia: a review of pathogenesis (2012)

Recent work has focused on the hair follicle as the main source of multipotent stem cells in the skin. The hair follicle bulge contains multipotent stem cells that can form the epidermis, hair follicles and sebaceous glands and help in repopulation of the epidermis after injury. The localization of these stem cells to the bulge area may explain why some types of inflammatory alopecia cause permanent loss of hair (cicatricial alopecia) (such as lichen planopilaris and discoid lupus erythematosus), while others (such as alopecia areata) are reversible (noncicatricial alopecia). The lack of distinctive bulge morphology in human hair follicles has hampered studies of bulge cells. To date, the best marker for bulge stem cells in human hair is cytokeratin (CK) 15; human bulge cells have been reported to express CK15 selectively throughout all stages of the hair cycle in different types of follicles. There is direct evidence in the mouse, and indirect evidence in the human, that compromising the integrity of the sebaceous gland and/or bulge is important in the development of alopecia. Several interesting studies have been done in the last few years to investigate the role of stem cells in alopecia, especially nonscarring types. This is a review about the role of stem cells in the pathogenesis of alopecia (scarring and nonscarring).
Migration and the skill composition of the labor force : the impact of trade liberalization in developing countries (1995)

In the standard Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade and migration are substitutes (that is, migration decreases with trade liberalization). The authors add four factors to the standard Heckscher-Ohlin model: labor skill levels (skilled or unskilled), international labor mobility, migration costs, and financing constraints. They examine two types of simulation. Case one applies to countries in the post-demographic transition stage, with a stable population. This includes countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Case two applies to countries with rapidly growing populations, such as Egypt, El Salvador, Mexico, and Morocco. In case one, trade liberalization raises emigration of the unskilled (and has no effect on emigration of the skilled), while greater protection raises emigration of the skilled (and has no effect on emigration of the unskilled). That is, any change in trade policy raises total emigration, but trade liberalization improves the average skill level of the labor force and increased protection lowers it. In case two, trade liberalization raises emigration of the unskilled and reduces emigration of the skilled. That is, the average skill level rises and thenet effect on total emigration is ambiguous. The opposite occurs with increased protection. In both cases, the average skill level of the population falls when protection increases in the presence of international migration, high migration costs, and financing constraints. Under the same circumstances, the skill level rises under trade liberalization.
Selective and Random Syntheses of [n]Cycloparaphenylenes (n = 8–13) and Size Dependence of Their Electronic Properties (2011)

[n]Cycloparaphenylenes (n = 8-13, CPPs) were synthesized, and their physical properties were systematically investigated. [8] and [12]CPPs were selectively prepared from the reaction of 4,4'-bis(trimethylstannyl)biphenyl and 4,4''-bis(trimethylstannyl)terphenyl, respectively, with Pt(cod)Cl(2) (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) through square-shaped tetranuclear platinum intermediates. A mixture of [8]-[13]CPPs was prepared in good combined yields by mixing biphenyl and terphenyl precursors with platinum sources. Products were easily separated and purified by using gel permeation chromatography. In (1)H NMR spectra, the proton of the CPPs shifts to a lower field as n increased due to an anisotropic effect from the nearby PP moieties. Although the UV-vis spectra were rather insensitive to the size of the CPPs, the fluorescence spectra changed significantly in relation to their size. A larger Stokes shift was observed for the smaller CPPs. Redox properties of the CPPs were measured for the first time by using cyclic voltammetry, and the smaller CPPs had lower oxidation potentials. The results are consistent with the HOMO energies of CPPs, of which the smaller CPPs had higher energies.
Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers (1996)

This document specifies IPv4 compatibility mechanisms that can be implemented by IPv6 hosts and routers. These mechanisms include providing complete implementations of both versions of the Internet Protocol (IPv4 and IPv6), and tunneling IPv6 packets over IPv4 routing infrastructures. They are designed to allow IPv6 nodes to maintain complete compatibility with IPv4, which should greatly simplify the deployment of IPv6 in the Internet, and facilitate the eventual transition of the entire Internet to IPv6. This document obsoletes RFC 1933.
Examination of Rotational Fixation of the Femoral Component in Total Hip Arthroplasty (1989)

Rotational loosening has recently emerged as an important cause of failure of the femoral component of total hip arthroplasties. This study was designed to investigate the role played by torsional loads in loosening of cementless femoral components and to evaluate three cementing techniques involving a combination of canal irrigation, manual insertion, and vacuum mixing combined with pressure injection of the cement for their ability to improve rotational fixation. Rotational micromotion and subsidence were measured in 24 preserved human anatomic specimen femora. Acoustic emission (AE) technique was applied as a non-destructive method for evaluating material failure during loading. From the micromovement data, torque to 50 mu subsidence and torque to failure were surprisingly low with cementless fixation and with poor cement technique but were markedly improved with pulsed irrigation. Further improvement was achieved by pressure injection and vacuum mixing of the cement. However, AE was detected even in the most carefully performed cement specimens under torsional-loading conditions commonly occurring in daily activities. These signs of microfailure of the cement mantle at relatively low torsional loads suggest that the mode of failure of deeply penetrated cement is by microfracture of the cement mantle. The poor performance suggests that cementless fixation of intramedullary stems provides unsatisfactory fixation against torsional loading. There is need for major improvements in fixation mechanisms and techniques. The signs of failure of the cement mantle at normally occurring torsional loads suggest that even the best cement technique is prone to failure in torsion when exposed to normal daily use.
Identification of a biomarker for sleep drive in flies and humans (2006)

It is a common experience to sacrifice sleep to meet the demands of our 24-h society. Current estimates reveal that as a society, we sleep on average 2 h less than we did 40 years ago. This level of sleep restriction results in negative health outcomes and is sufficient to produce cognitive deficits and reduced attention and is associated with increased risk for traffic and occupational accidents. Unfortunately, there is no simple quantifiable marker that can detect an individual who is excessively sleepy before adverse outcomes become evident. To address this issue, we have developed a simple and effective strategy for identifying biomarkers of sleepiness by using genetic and pharmacological tools that dissociate sleep drive from wake time in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. These studies have identified a biomarker, Amylase, that is highly correlated with sleep drive. More importantly, both salivary Amylase activity and mRNA levels are also responsive to extended waking in humans. These data indicate that the fly is relevant for human sleep research and represents a first step in developing an effective method for detecting sleepiness in vulnerable populations.
Sexual and Genetic Isolation in the Cosmopolitan Algal Species Pandorina morum (1977)

In an effort to analyze the nature of a taxonomic species in the microalgae, the major biological characters of various isolates of Pandorina morum have been studied. Seventy heterothallic clones from 31 collecting sites on three continents were found to represent 20 reproductively isolated groups, based on their ability to form zygotes when paired in all possible combinations. Successful germination of the zygotes and demonstrated fertility of their products suggest that each reproductively isolated group represents a syngen—a group of organisms sharing a common gene pool. A further indication of the close relationship of members of the same syngen is that its representatives all share a common chromosome number, time of division, and zygote distribution pattern, characters which vary between syngens. The known range of 18 of the syngens is less than 500 km. The other two syngens may have a world-wide distribution; they both have a haploid chromosome number of 5. Crosses between geographically isolated clones in these two syngens and one other give evidence of both pre- and postzygotic partial isolation within a syngen. Analysis of collections from two revisited sites demonstrated that representatives of a syngen can be recovered after 19 years have elapsed, and that a single pond may contain as many as four syngens. The results obtained for P. morum are compared with the information available on other microalgae with a similar breeding system, and the possible causes and consequences of the species structure are discussed.
Acute effects of static magnetic fields on cutaneous microcirculation in rabbits. (1997)

The acute microcirculatory effects of locally applied of static magnetic (SMF) to the cutaneous tissue within a rabbit ear chamber (REC) were evaluated during consciousness. Rabbits with REC were subjected to microphotoelectric plethysmography. Power levels of SMF upon the REC were controlled at 1, 5, 10 mT(milli Tesla), respectively. The duration of exposure was 10 minutes. The exposure of SMF induced variation of vasomotion with a latency of about 10 seconds in a non-dose dependent manner. SMF had a biphasic effect upon the microcirculatory system; when the vascular tone was low, the SMF enhanced vasomotion, and when it was high, the SMF suppressed vasomotion. The results suggest that the SMF can modulate vascular tone due to vasomotion which may involve in clinical efficacy for refraining from neck and shoulder stiffness.
Acute Vascular Endothelial Changes Associated with Increased Blood Velocity Gradients (1968)

The purpose of this study is to quantify the acute changes in endothelial histology that are associated with an induced increase in blood velocity. A nontraumatic intra-aortic device was designed to produce a rapid convergence of the aortic blood stream into a narrow channel along the ventral aspect of the thoracic aorta in dogs. The endothelial surface overlying this channel was exposed to a broad range of surface shearing stress by the accelerated blood flow. Techniques were developed to quantify the resulting distribution of shearing stress so that the stress to which the endothelial surface was exposed at every point along the channel could be determined. Special histologic techniques were developed using formalin fixation and gelatin embedding of the tissue so that endothelial cytology could be studied and criteria for normal cells established. Using these criteria, cell counts were done to establish the "normal" endothelial cell population density as a function of stress exposure. The stress corresponding to the mode of these cell density distribution curves was defined as the acute yield stress (τ c ). The acute yield stress for endothelial cells was found to be 379±85 ( SD ) dynes/cm 2 . Exposure to stress in excess of this value for periods as short as one hour resulted in marked deterioration of the endothelial surface consisting of endothelial cytoplasmic swelling, cell deformation, cell disintegration, and finally dissolution and erosion of cell substance. The relationship of these events to cellular rheology and interfacial chemistry is discussed.
Monolithic Wavelength Demultiplexer and High Density p-i-n Array for 1.5µm WDM Applications (1992)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. B. D. Soole, A. Scherer, Y. Silberberg, H. P. LeBlanc, N. C. Andreadakis, and C. Caneau, "Monolithic Wavelength Demultiplexer and High Density p-i-n Array for 1.5µm WDM Applications," in Integrated Photonics Research, Vol. 10 of 1992 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1992), paper PD1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Liposomal Bleomycin: Increased Therapeutic Activity and Decreased Pulmonary Toxicity in Mice (2001)

Conventional and sterically stabilized liposomes derived from phosphatidylcholine or the antitumor agents, hexadecylphosphocholine and octadecyl-(1,1-dimethyl-4-piperidino-4-yl)-phosphate, as bilayer forming constituents, containing bleomycin, were developed and tested. Liposomal encapsulation of bleomycin enhanced strongly the antitumor activity against P388 leukemia and the Lewis lung carcinoma. This effect was clearly dependent on the size and lipid composition of the bleomycin-containing liposomes. The therapeutic effects were nearly equal for liposomal and free bleomycin in the B16 melanoma. The partial replacement of phosphatidylcholine by alkylphospholipids and the inclusion of polyethylene glycol modified lipids for sterical stabilization did not further improve the therapeutic efficacy but increased, in some cases, the toxicity of liposomes. Bleomycin-induced lung injury was not observed if liposomal bleomycin was administered.
Infliximab and Methotrexate in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (2000)

In patients with persistently active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy, repeated doses of infliximab in combination with methotrexate provided clinical benefit and halted the progression of joint damage.
Accurate camera calibration using the collinearity constraint (2009)

In this paper, we apply the collinearity constraint for accurate camera calibration and correction. The novel method consists of two steps: the first is to estimate the relative parameters of interest with closed form solutions. The second employs the well known Levernburg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm for the global optimization of all the parameters of interest: 4 intrinsic, 7 extrinsic and 4 distortion parameters. The LM algorithm is initialised either as the parameters estimated in the first step or as zero. The optimization is achieved through minimising the sum of the squared back projected errors. The distorted points are finally corrected using again the LM algorithm initialized by the distorted image points themselves, minimizing the squared difference between the distorted corrected point and the given distorted image point. A comparative study based on both synthetic data and real images show that the proposed algorithm produces promising camera calibration and correction results.
IBMTR Severity INDEX FOR GRADING ACUTE GRAFT‐VERSUS‐HOST DISEASE: RETROSPECTIVE COMPARISON WITH GLUCKSBERG GRADE (1997)

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) severity is graded by pattern of organ involvement and clinical performance status using a system introduced by Glucksberg and colleagues 21 years ago. We examined how well Glucksberg grade predicted transplant outcome and constructed a Severity Index not requiring subjective assessment of performance in 2881 adults receiving an HLA-identical sibling T-cell-depleted (n = 752) or non-T-cell-depleted (n = 2129) bone marrow transplant for leukaemia between 1986 and 1992. Relative risks (RR) of relapse, treatment-related mortality (TRM) and treatment failure (TF) (relapse or death) were calculated for patients with (Glucksberg Grade I, II or III/IV acute (GVHD) versus those without acute GVHD and for patients with distinct patterns of organ involvement regardless of Glucksberg grade. Using data for non-T-cell-depleted transplants, a Severity Index was developed grouping patients with patterns of organ involvement associated with similar risks of TRM and TF. Higher Glucksberg grade predicted poorer outcome; however, patients with the same grade but different patterns of skin, liver or gut involvement often had significantly different outcomes. The revised Severity Index groups patients in four categories, A-D. Compared to patients without acute GVHD, RRs (95% confidence interval) of TF were 0.85 (0.69, 1.05) for patients with Index A, 1.21 (1.02, 1.43) with B, 2.19 (1.78, 2.71) with C, and 5.69 (4.57, 7.08) with D. Prognostic utility of the Index was tested in patients receiving T-cell-depleted transplants; similar RRs of TF were observed. An acute GVHD Severity Index is proposed to enhance design and interpretation of clinical trials in the current era of allogeneic blood and bone marrow transplantation.