gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Over 100 Gb/s Electro-Optically Multiplexed OFDM for High-Capacity Optical Transport Network (2009)

100-Gb/s-class high-speed transmission technologies are essential to realize future 100 G Ethernet transmission over wide area networks. Optical OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is promising for high-speed transmission because of its narrow bandwidth and superior tolerance to chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion. In this paper, we show numerically that the nonlinear tolerance of optical OFDM increases as the subcarriers is decreased and describe novel electro-optic subcarrier multiplexing scheme to generate an over 100 Gb/s high speed optical OFDM signal with a small number of subcarriers. We successfully generate a 100 G-class optical OFDM signal and demonstrate transmission over 80-km of ITU-T G.652 single-mode fiber without dispersion compensation.
Mobile Social Networking and Computing (2014)

Recent advancements in mobile device technologies are revolutionizing how we socialize, interact, and connect. By connecting the virtual community with the local environment, mobile social networks (MSNs) create the opportunity for a multitude of new personalized services for mobile users. Along with that comes the need for new paradigms, mechanism
MAD (Multiagent Delivery) Nanolayer: Delivering Multiple Therapeutics from Hierarchically Assembled Surface Coatings (2009)

We present hydrolytically degradable polymeric multilayer films that can codeliver multiple therapeutics of differing chemical characteristics (charged biomacromolecules and neutral hydrophobic small molecules) from a surface. This multiagent-delivery (MAD) nanolayer system integrates the hydrolytically degradable poly(beta-amino ester) as a structural component to control the degradation of the multilayers to release active therapeutic macromolecules as well as hydrophobic drugs imbedded within amphiphilic block copolymer micellar carriers within layer-by-layer (LbL) films, which would otherwise be difficult to include within the multilayers. By varying the anionic therapeutic agents (heparin and dextran sulfate) within the multilayer, we examine how different structural components can be used to control the release kinetics of multiple therapeutics from MAD nanolayers. Controlled release profiles and the in vitro efficacy of the MAD nanolayers in suppressing the growth of human smooth muscle cell lines were evaluated. The dual delivery of a charged macromolecular heparin and a small hydrophobic drug, paclitaxel, is found to be synergistic and beneficial toward effective therapeutic activity. Furthermore, we compared the classical dipping method that we employed here with an automated spray-LbL technique. Spray-LbL significantly facilitates film processing time while preserving the characteristic release profiles of the MAD nanolayers. With the highly versatile and tunable nature of LbL assembly, we anticipate that MAD nanolayers can provide a unique platform for delivering multiple therapeutics from macromolecules to small molecules with distinct release profiles for applications in biological and biomedical surface coatings.
Kinetic stability of all-in-one parenteral nutrition admixtures in the presence of high dose Ca2+ additive under clinical application circumstances (2012)

From therapeutic point the emulsions of the bigger droplets containing upper layer are safer because the potentially dangerous big droplets could remain in the infusion bag after the administration.
Initial antibodies binding to HIV-1 gp41 in acutely infected subjects are polyreactive and highly mutated (2020)

Many HIV-1 envelope-reactive antibodies shortly after HIV-1 transmission may arise from crow-reactive memory B cells previously stimulated by non-HIV-1 host or microbial antigensThe initial antibody response to HIV-1 is targeted to envelope (Env) gp41, and is nonneutralizing and ineffective in controlling viremia. To understand the origins and characteristics of gp41-binding antibodies produced shortly after HIV-1 transmission, we isolated and studied gp41-reactive plasma cells from subjects acutely infected with HIV-1. The frequencies of somatic mutations were relatively high in these gp41-reactive antibodies. Reverted unmutated ancestors of gp41-reactive antibodies derived from subjects acutely infected with HIV-1 frequently did not react with autologous HIV-1 Env; however, these antibodies were polyreactive and frequently bound to host or bacterial antigens. In one large clonal lineage of gp41-reactive antibodies, reactivity to HIV-1 Env was acquired only after somatic mutations. Polyreactive gp41-binding antibodies were also isolated from uninfected individuals. These data suggest that the majority of gp41-binding antibodies produced after acute HIV-1 infection are cross-reactive responses generated by stimulating memory B cells that have previously been activated by non–HIV-1 antigens.
Characterization of a host protein associated with brome mosaic virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (1993)

The association of host proteins with viral RNA replication proteins has been reported for a number of (+)-strand RNA viruses. However, little is known about the identity or function of these host proteins in viral replication. In this paper we report the characterization of a host protein associated with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from brome mosaic virus (BMV)-infected barley. A host protein was specifically and proportionally enriched with BMV RdRp activity through several purification steps. This RdRp-associated host protein reacted with an antiserum prepared against wheat germ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3). The RdRp-associated host protein, the p41 subunit of wheat germ eIF-3, and an antigenically related protein from rabbit reticulocyte lysates were all found to bind with high affinity and specificity to BMV-encoded protein 2a, which is involved in viral RNA replication. Moreover, addition of wheat germ eIF-3 or the p41 subunit from wheat germ to BMV RdRp gave a specific and reproducible 3-fold stimulation of (-)-strand RNA synthesis in vivo. These results suggest that the barley analog of eIF-3 subunit p41, or a closely related protein, associates with BMV RdRp in vivo and is involved in BMV RNA replication. This observation and the established role of translation factors in bacteriophage Q beta RdRp suggest that association with translation factors may be a general feature of RNA replication by (+)-strand RNA viruses.
Isolation of a human erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein with decay-accelerating activity for C3 convertases of the complement system. (1982)

Abstract An intrinsic human erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein has been purified to homogeneity based on an assay of its ability to accelerate decay of the functional activity of the classical complement C3 convertase, C4b,2a. The purification procedure utilized two sequential butanol extractions of erythrocyte stroma and chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, hydroxylapatite, phenyl-Sepharose, and trypan blue coupled to Sepharose. The membrane glycoprotein, designated decay-accelerating factor of stroma (DAF-S), exhibited a 200-fold increase in specific activity (U/mg) from the initial butanol extract in augmenting the linear decay rate of C4b,2a. Purified DAF-S presented a single, stained protein band on analytic alkaline disc gel electrophoresis that corresponded to a single region of activity eluted from a sliced replicate gel. On electrophoresis in SDS-polyacrylamide gels, purified DAF-S demonstrated a single band with a m.w. of 70,000 under reduced and unreduced conditions that stained equally well with Coomassie Blue and periodic acid Schiff reagent. Specific decay-accelerating function of DAF-S was five times greater for the classical C3 convertase, C4b,2a, than for the properdin-stabilized alternative pathway C3 convertase, C3b,Bb,P. Conversely, purified C3b receptor of human erythrocyte, a single-chain membrane glycoprotein of 220,000 m.w., isolated by detergent extraction, was 10 times more active on a weight basis against C3b,Bb,P than against C4b,2a. Although anti-DAF-S and anti-C3b receptor each neutralized the decay-accelerating activity of the respective antigen, anti-DAFS did not affect the decay-accelerating activity of the purified C3b receptor, and anti-C3b receptor did not affect the decay-accelerating activity of purified DAF-S. Thus, although DAF-S and the C3b receptor are both integral membrane glycoproteins of human erythrocytes that can be isolated based on their capacity to accelerate the decay of C3 convertase function, they are physicochemically and immunochemically distinct.
Effect of Withania Somnifera On Cytokine Production in Nol and Cyclophosphamide Treated Mice (1999)

Administration of an extract from the powdered root of the plant Withania somnifera (Family: Solanaceae) enhanced the levels of Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) (75.87 pg/ml), Interleukin-2 (IL-2) (14.16 pg/ml) and Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (49.22 pg/ml) in normal Balb/c mice. The lowered levels of IFN gamma--(30 pg/ml), IL-2 (4.5 pg/ml) and GM-CSF (19.12 pg/ml) after treatment with cyclophosphamide (CTX) was reversed by the administration of Withania somnifera extract (IFN gamma--74 pg/ml; IL-2 7.5 pg/ml; GM-CSF 35.47 pg/ml). Withania extract lowered the levels of Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) production. Administration of bonemarrow cells from donor mice treated with Withania extract increased the spleen nodular colonies in irradiated mice (8.33) compared to those treated with normal bonemarrow cells (3.03). The number of nodular colonies increased significantly when these animals were continued with Withania extract treatment. These results indicate the immunopotentiating and myeloprotective effect of Withania somnifera as seen from the enhancement of cytokine production and stem cell proliferation and its differentiation.
Air-gap formation during IMD deposition to lower interconnect capacitance (1998)

The use of air-gaps between interconnect metal lines to reduce interconnect capacitance has been explored. Simulations were performed to determine the reduction in capacitance obtainable using air-gaps. The formation of air-gaps in the isolation oxide between metal lines was simulated using Stanford Profile Emulator for Etching and Deposition in IC Engineering (SPEEDIE). The capacitance of the SPEEDIE profiles was then extracted using Raphael (an electrical analysis simulator from TMA). The feasibility of air-gaps was also demonstrated experimentally. Fabricated air-gap structures exhibited a 40% reduction in capacitance when compared to a HDP-CVD oxide gap-fill process with K=4.1. Additionally, the air-gap structures did not exhibit any appreciable leakage current.
The 5' and 3' Splice Sites Come Together Via a Three Dimensional Diffusion Mechanism (1996)

We present evidence that the splice sites in mammalian pre-mRNAs are brought together via a three dimensional diffusion mechanism. We tested two mechanisms for splice site pairing: a lateral diffusion ('scanning') model and the currently favored three dimensional diffusion ('jumping') model. Two lines of evidence that distinguish between these two models are presented. The first utilized bipartite splicing substrates tethered by double-stranded RNA stems predicted to provide either a moderate or severe block to splice site pairing via a scanning mechanism. Splice site pairing via a jumping mechanism was expected to be unaffected or affected minimally. The second approach utilized a flexible poly(ethylene glycol) moiety within the intron. This insertion was predicted to reduce scanning efficiency but not the efficiency of a three dimensional diffusion mechanism. The best explanation for the data with the bipartite RNAs is that splice site pairing occurs through three dimensional diffusion. Kinetic analysis of the poly(ethylene glycol) containing substrate showed that neither the lag phase nor the initial rates of mRNA production and spliceosome assembly were affected by this insertion. Therefore, both experimental approaches supported the three dimensional diffusion model of splice site pairing.
Enrolling a rare patient population: Establishing proof of concept for FP-1039, an FGF “trap,” in endometrial cancer patients with the S252W FGFR2 mutation. (2010)

TPS260 Background: Advanced endometrial cancer remains an uncommon but clinically significant problem because available therapies are inadequate. Recent data suggest that a subset of patients with endometrial cancer (∼7% of all cases) possess a point mutation (S252W) in the extracellular domain of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Tumors driven by this mutation should be highly responsive to ligand sequestration by FP-1039, an FGFR1:Fc fusion protein currently in phase I trials. Preclinical data demonstrate that endometrial tumors bearing the S252W FGFR2 mutation are more sensitive to FP-1039 than tumors bearing wild-type FGFR2. Clinically testing this hypothesis requires screening for an infrequent mutation in a small patient population, which is challenging to do in a timely and economic manner. Here we present an approach to a proof-of-concept trial in this setting. Methods: The trial is divided into 2 parts: a screening trial (1) and a treatment trial (2). 1) A laboratory test using a CLIA-certified central lab is established for determination of tumor mutation status of potential patients. It is estimated approximately 170 subjects will need to be screened to enroll 7 subjects for treatment. Through contact with their gynecologic oncologists, general oncologists, social networking websites, or other communication means, potential patients are encouraged to have a sample of original tumor sent for analysis. 2) In a single-stage phase II design, up to10 patients will be enrolled and treated with weekly FP-1039 until progressive disease. Eligibility criteria will include recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer with 0 or 1 prior systemic therapies, acceptable performance status and organ function, and the presence of the S252W FGFR2 tumor mutation. Safety will be assessed by physical exams and laboratory evaluations. Disease will be assessed by serial CT exams approximately every 2 months. The primary endpoint will be objective response rate; progression-free survival at 6-months will also be assessed. Conclusions: S252W mutant-endometrial cancer provides a challenging opportunity to demonstrate proof-of-concept for an FGF-trap molecule. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration FivePrime Therapeutics FivePrime Therapeutics
Adamantane derivatives of biological interest. Synthesis and antiviral activity of 2-(1-adamantyl)imidazole derivatives. (1980)

The methods of synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 2-(1-adamantyl)imidazole (2a), N-methyl-2-(1-adamantyl)imidazole (2b) and 2-(1-adamantyl)benzimidazole (3a) are reported. These compounds are prepared by the selective homolytic substitution reaction by the adamantyl radical (Ad.) on the C-2 carbon atom of the heterocycles. Ad. radicals were generated by oxidative decarboxylation of 1-adamantyl carboxylic acid. Antiviral activities compounds 2a, 2b and 3a were tested in chick embryos against A-2 Victoria virus. Compounds 2a and 2b showed significant antiviral activity, whereas compound 3a was found inactive.
Targeting the Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Functions of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 for Cancer Therapy (2007)

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) are a highly conserved family of transcription factors that are activated by phosphorylation in the cytoplasm, after which they translocate to the nucleus to regulate gene expression. Among the seven STATs, STAT3 is of particular interest due to its constitutive phosphorylation in a large proportion of human cancers and its ability to induce neoplastic transformation. Inhibition of STAT3 can reverse tumor growth in experimental systems while having few effects in normal cells. These findings have implicated STAT3 as a potentially important target for therapeutic intervention. In addition to its well-described role as a transcription factor, STAT3 has been found recently to have important effects in the cytoplasm. Collectively, these functions of STAT3 directly contribute to tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Given the potential importance of STAT3 as a target for cancer therapy, molecules have been developed that can block STAT3 function at a variety of steps. These drugs show promise as anticancer agents in model systems of a variety of common human cancers. Thus, elucidating the functions of STAT3 and developing agents to inhibit this protein remain important scientific and clinical challenges.
Neural stem cells in inflammatory CNS diseases: mechanisms and therapy (2005)

Autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are highly complex in their interaction of different cell populations. The main therapy focus in the last years has been the inhibition of the immune system. Recent progress has shown that endogenous as well as transplanted neural stem cells might positively influence the outcome of such diseases. In this review, we discuss the current concept of the underlying pathogenesis with a specific focus on local CNS cells and potential treatment options.
Homogeneous Glycopeptides and Glycoproteins for Biological Investigation (2002)

Protein glycosylation is widely recognized as a modulator of protein structure, localization, and cell-cell recognition in multicellular systems. Glycoproteins are typically expressed as mixtures of glycoforms, their oligosaccharides being generated by a template-independent biosynthetic process. Investigation of their function has been greatly assisted by sources of homogeneous material. This review summarizes current efforts to obtain homogeneous glycopeptide and glycoprotein materials by a variety of methods that draw from the techniques of recombinant expression, chemical synthesis, enzymatic transformation, and chemoselective ligation. Some of these techniques remove obstacles to glycoprotein synthesis by installing nonnative linkages and other modifications for facilitated assembly. The end purpose of the described approaches is the production of glycosylated materials for experiments relevant to the biological investigation of glycoproteins, although the strategies presented apply to other posttranslational modifications as well.
High-Speed DNA Genotyping Using Microfabricated Capillary Array Electrophoresis Chips (1997)

Capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) chips have been designed and fabricated with the capacity to rapidly (< 160 s) analyze 12 different samples in parallel. Detection of all lanes with 0.3 s temporal resolution was achieved using a laser-excited confocal-fluorescence scanner. The operation and capabilities of these CAE microdevices were first determined by performing electrophoretic separations of pBR322 MspI DNA samples. Genotyping of HLA-H, a candidate gene for the diagnosis of hereditary hemochromatosis, was then performed to demonstrate the rapid analysis of biologically relevant samples. Two-color multiplex fluorescence detection of HLA-H genotypes was accomplished by prelabeling the standard pBR322 MspI DNA ladder with a red emitting bis-intercalation dye (butyl TOTIN) and on-column labeling of the HLA-H DNA with thiazole orange. This work establishes the feasibility of using CAE chips for high speed, high-throughput genotyping.
PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY: CHALLENGES AND POSSIBILITIES (1994)

Peripheral neuropathy is a well-recognised late complication in both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. However, its exact cause remains unknown. Various pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed as an explanation for the development of nerve fibre damage and associated sensory loss in this disease. As a result, many kinds of drugs are currently under evaluation for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This paper describes the rationale behind the usage of all these drugs and reviews major clinical and preclinical results published so far. Supplementary intake of such natural, non-toxic compounds as vitamin constituents, linoleic acid and flavonoids is encouraged, as well as strict control of hyperglycaemia, until the efficacy of one or another experimental drug is established.
Ausbildung und Einschätzung der Kompetenzen von FamilienmediatorInnen (2006)

The process of mediation is a balancingact. Mediators need good training and balance to learn how to stay on the mediation tightrope. Facilitating communications that increase mutual understanding is more important than obtaining agreements that may not last. Mediators need personal aptitude for this difficult and demanding work. They need well developed and regulated training to increase knowledge, self-awareness and practical skills. An academic qualification in mediation is not sufficient. Competence in practice needs to be tested and assured.
Cloning and Characterization of DrosophilaTopoisomerase IIIβ (2000)

We cloned cDNA encoding Drosophila DNA topoisomerase III. The top3 cDNA encodes an 875-amino acid protein, which is nearly 60% identical to mammalian topoisomerase IIIbeta enzymes. Similarity between the Drosophila protein and the topoisomerase IIIbetas is particularly striking in the carboxyl-terminal region, where all contain eight highly conserved CXXC motifs not found in other topoisomerase III enzymes. We therefore propose the Drosophila protein is a member of the beta-subfamily of topoisomerase III enzymes. The top3beta gene is a single-copy gene located at 5 E-F on the X chromosome. P-element insertion into the 5'-untranslated region of this gene affects topoisomerase IIIbeta protein levels, but not the overall fertility and viability of the fly. We purified topoisomerase IIIbeta to near homogeneity and observed relaxation activity only with a hypernegatively supercoiled substrate, but not with plasmid DNA directly isolated from bacterial cells. Despite this difference in substrate preference, the degree of relaxation of the hypernegatively supercoiled substrate is comparable to relaxation of plasmid DNA by other type I enzymes. Drosophila topoisomerase IIIbeta forms a covalent linkage to 5' DNA phosphoryl groups, and the DNA cleavage reaction prefers single-stranded substrate over double-stranded, suggesting an affinity of this enzyme for DNA with non-double-helical structure.
MUC1 is a Promising Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer Therapy (2007)

Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the most common malignancies in men, and the incidence of CaP is increasing. Because of the limitations of current therapeutic approaches, many patients die of secondary disease (metastases). Mucins are used as diagnostic markers as well as therapeutic targets due to their aberrant and unique expression pattern during cancer progression. There is a growing interest in mucins as treatment targets in human malignancies, including CaP. So far, 21 mucin genes have been identified. Of these, MUC1 has been investigated most extensively. In neoplastic tissues, MUC1 is underglycosylated compared with that in normal tissues. The reduced glycosylation permits the immune system to access the peptide core of the tumor-associated underglycosylated MUC1 antigen (uMUC1) and reveal epitopes that are masked in the normal cell. This feature makes it possible to design an antibody that discriminates between normal and adenocarcinoma cells and target tumor-associated MUC1 with toxins or radionuclides, or use a vaccine targeting tumor-associated MUC1 antigen. The results from our recent study have shown that over-expression of MUC1 plays a very important role in CaP progression and MUC1 is an ideal target for targeted therapy to control micrometastases and hormone refractory disease. This review will cover our current understanding of the structure and functions of MUC1, summarize its expression on human CaP tissues and focus on the MUC1-based immunotherapy for control of metastatic CaP.