gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonhydrolyzable Phosphotyrosyl Mimetics for the Preparation Of Phosphatase-Resistant SH2 Domain Inhibitors (1994)

Src homology 2 (SH2) domains participate in protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-mediated cellular signal transduction through their ability to bind with high affinity to phosphotyrosyl (pTyr)-bearing protein sequences. Although peptides containing pTyr competitively inhibit the binding between phosphoproteins and cognate SH2 proteins in a sequence-specific manner, such peptides are rapidly dephosphorylated by cellular phosphatases. We now describe our efforts to develop SH2 inhibitory peptides containing phosphatase-resistant pTyr surrogates. The parent compound, (phosphonomethyl)phenylalanine (Pmp), is a phosphonate-based mimetic of pTyr in which the phosphate ester oxygen (> COPO3H2) has been replaced by a methylene unit (> CCX2PO3H2, X2 = H2). Pmp analogues bearing fluorine (X2 = H, F or X2 = F2) or hydroxyl (X2 = H, OH) substituents on the phosphonate alpha-methylene carbon have been prepared and incorporated into peptides for use as SH2 domain inhibitors. In an assay using the C-terminal SH2 domain of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, peptides having a GXVPML sequence [where X = pTyr, Pmp, hydroxy-Pmp (HPmp), monofluoro-Pmp (FPmp), and difluoro-Pmp (F2Pmp)] exhibited binding potency in the order HPmp < Pmp < FPmp < F2Pmp = pTyr. Distinct peptide sequences which bind selectively with Src and Grb2 SH2 domains were also prepared with pTyr and F2Pmp. The F2Pmp peptides bound with high (0.2- to 5-fold) relative affinity, compared to analogous pTyr peptides. We conclude that peptides containing F2Pmp bind to SH2 domains with high affinity and specificity and, being resistant to cellular phosphatases, should provide a generally useful tool for disrupting SH2 domain-mediated signaling pathways in intact cells.
Recurrent Models of Visual Attention (2014)

Applying convolutional neural networks to large images is computationally ex-pensive because the amount of computation scales linearly with the number of image pixels. We present a novel recurrent neural network model that is ca-pable of extracting information from an image or video by adaptively selecting a sequence of regions or locations and only processing the selected regions at high resolution. Like convolutional neural networks, the proposed model has a degree of translation invariance built-in, but the amount of computation it per-forms can be controlled independently of the input image size. While the model is non-differentiable, it can be trained using reinforcement learning methods to learn task-specific policies. We evaluate our model on several image classification tasks, where it significantly outperforms a convolutional neural network baseline on cluttered images, and on a dynamic visual control problem, where it learns to track a simple object without an explicit training signal for doing so. 1
Discovery of a 1H-Benzoimidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyridin-2-one (BMS-536924) Inhibitor of Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor Kinase with in Vivo Antitumor Activity (2005)

Compound 3 (BMS-536924), a novel small-molecule inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor receptor kinase with equal potency against the insulin receptor is described. The in vitro and in vivo biological activity of this interesting compound is also reported.
Semiconductors for Solar Cells (1993)

Physical principles of photovoltaic energy conversion technology of solar cell devices fundamental material parameters structural and electrical properties of lattice defects single crystal and polycrystalline silicon single crystal and epitaxial compound semiconductors thin-film compound semiconductors amorphous thin-film semiconductors.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Sugar Alcohols in Beverages and Foods after Nitrobenzoylation (1999)

Use of p-nitrobenzoyl chloride (PNBC) to form an ultraviolet-absorbing derivative was attempted to determine the sugar alcohols meso-erythritol, xylitol, D-sorbitol, and D-mannitol by liquid chromatography (LC). LC determination of derivatives was performed on an ODS column with acetonitrile-water (65 + 35) as mobile phase. Calibration curves were linear in the concentration range 0.01-100 micrograms/mL. Method sensitivity is 10 to 1000 times higher than that of LC with refractive index detection and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Recoveries of sugars added to various foods at 0.1 and 1% ranged from 91 to 102% for meso-erythritol, 75 to 115% for xylitol, 81 to 105% for D-sorbitol, and 81 to 108% for D-mannitol.
Fate of orthotopic corneal allografts in eyes that cannot support anterior chamber-associated immune deviation induction. (1995)

These results indicate that eyes rendered high risk by virtue of corneal neovascularization fail to provide immune privilege for orthotopic corneal allografts. In this circumstance, the grafts rapidly induce intense donor-specific DH that is readily detectable within 2 weeks of engraftment, at which time the grafts are acutely and universally rejected. The recipient DH response is directed exclusively at minor H antigens on the graft, which is consistent with the view that neovascularization creates graft beds in which recipient antigen-presenting cells infiltrate the graft and carry antigenic information by lymphatics to draining lymph nodes. In this manner, anterior chamber-associated immune deviation is avoided, and potentially allodestructive DH is promoted.
SonoVue™ in Transcranial Doppler Investigations of the Cerebral Arteries (2001)

ABSTRACT Background and Purpose . The authors investigated the safety and diagnostic potential of a new ultrasound contrast agent (SonoVue™) using transcranial color‐coded duplex sonography (TCCS). Methods . Forty patients were enrolled in a multicenter, open‐label (on‐site), blind (off‐site), randomized, dose‐ranging crossover study. SonoVue™ was administered as an intravenous bolus injection of 4 different dosages (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 mL). Efficacy was evaluated as (1) off‐site assessment of global quality of the Doppler investigation (based on color or power Doppler images and spectral analysis) at baseline and following each dose of SonoVue™ according to a 4‐point scale (from very poor to excellent imaging of blood flow) and (2) duration of clinically useful signal enhancement and color or power Doppler visualization of blood flow. Additional on‐site efficacy assessments performed following each dose of SonoVue™ included confidence in diagnosis and global consequences of contrast enhancement on diagnosis. Safety evaluations included clinical laboratory tests, neurological examination, injection site tolerability, and incidence of adverse events and their relationship to the study agent. Results . All doses of SonoVue™ significantly improved the global quality of Doppler examinations ( P &lt; .05). The median duration of clinically useful enhancement was dose related ( P &lt; .001) and ranged from 2 to 6 minutes at the highest dose. The administration of the contrast agent changed a nondiagnostic study to a diagnostic one in 66% of patients and increased the confidence in diagnosis in 74% of cases. No serious adverse events were recorded following SonoVue™ administration. The observed adverse reactions were all transient and mild in intensity. Conclusions . The results obtained from this multicenter study demonstrate that the administration of SonoVue™ to patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease who undergo TCCS examination of cerebral vessels improves the visualization of intracranial arteries, providing a dose‐dependent contrast enhancement and a clinically useful duration of signal enhancement related to the dose. During this multicenter study, SonoVue™ proved to be a safe and well‐tolerated compound.
The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: Report from the standardisation sub‐committee of the International Continence Society (2002)

The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: Report from the standardistation sub-committee of the International Continence Society.
Diagnostic potential of circulating nucleic acids for oncology (2003)

Approximately a decade ago, the PCR-based detection of extracellular, tumor-derived circulating nucleic acids in the plasma and serum of cancer patients was introduced as a noninvasive tool for cancer detection. Although the test criteria, sensitivity and specificity, compare favorably with conventional diagnostic measures, until now the methodical ponderousness of circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum analysis prevented it from becoming a clinical routine application. However, with rapid technical improvement towards automated high-throughput platforms, it is expected that the next 5 years will see circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum analysis integrated into the initial diagnosis and follow-up monitoring of cancer patients. The hope is that the use of circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum as a molecular tumor marker and potential profiling tool will finally translate into a longer survival and better quality of life for cancer patients.
Critical Parameters for the Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Umbilical Cord Blood (2004)

Evidence has emerged that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising population for supporting new clinical concepts in cellular therapy. However, attempts to isolate MSCs from umbilical cord blood (UCB) of full-term deliveries have previously either failed or been characterized by a low yield. We investigated whether cells with MSC characteristics and multi-lineage differentiation potential can be cultivated from UCB of healthy newborns and whether yields might be maximized by optimal culture conditions or by defining UCB quality criteria. Using optimized isolation and culture conditions, in up to 63% of 59 low-volume UCB units, cells showing a characteristic mesenchymal morphology and immune phenotype (MSC-like cells) were isolated. These were similar to control MSCs from adult bone marrow (BM). The frequency of MSC-like cells ranged from 0 to 2.3 clones per 1 x 10(8) mononuclear cells (MNCs). The cell clones proliferated extensively with at least 20 population doublings within eight passages. In addition, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation demonstrated a multi-lineage capacity comparable with BM MSCs. However, in contrast to MSCs, MSC-like cells showed a reduced sensitivity to undergo adipogenic differentiation. Crucial points to isolate MSC-like cells from UCB were a time from collection to isolation of less than 15 hours, a net volume of more than 33 ml, and an MNC count of more than 1 x 10(8) MNCs. Because MSC-like cells can be isolated at high efficacy from full-term UCB donations, we regard UCB as an additional stem cell source for experimental and potentially clinical purposes.
Coiled Tubing Deployed ESPs Utilizing Internally Installed Power Cable - A Project Update (1997)

Abstract Whilst previous papers1,2 have considered the background to, and details of, the development of a coiled tubing deployed ESP system, this paper considers field experience from the system to date. The system has been used to deploy ESPs in two locations; the first onshore, United Kingdom and the second offshore in the Middle East3. The second case is of particular interest as the four well minimum facility development was completed using a coiled tubing unit on a derrick-less platform. Several intervention operations have since been performed, also using a coiled tubing unit. Since the industry has been reluctant to use ESPs in remote locations such as subsea wells or minimum facility developments, due to questions of completion reliability, this represents an ideal test scenario; the system was originally conceived to enable rigless ESP completions. Whilst the system has been generally acclaimed as successful, various technique aspects of the system are discussed with particular emphasis on design improvements that will enhance future performance.
Josephson current-phase relationships with unconventional superconductors (1995)

The current (energy)-phase relationships for Josephson coupling involving unconventional superconductors are investigated. It is shown that in general the energy can have minima at phase differences of neither 0 nor \ensuremath{\pi} even for superconductors that do not break time-reversal symmetry in the bulk.
Role of Nucleolin in Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Infection of Human Lung Epithelial Cells (2004)

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) is an airborne pathogen that infects human lung epithelial cells from the apical (luminal) plasma membrane domain. In the present study, we have identified cell surface-expressed nucleolin as a cellular cofactor required for the efficient cellular entry of HPIV-3 into human lung epithelial A549 cells. Nucleolin was enriched on the apical cell surface domain of A549 cells, and HPIV-3 interacted with nucleolin during entry. The importance of nucleolin during HPIV-3 replication was borne out by the observation that HPIV-3 replication was significantly inhibited following (i). pretreatment of cells with antinucleolin antibodies and (ii). preincubation of HPIV-3 with purified nucleolin prior to its addition to the cells. Moreover, HPIV-3 cellular internalization and attachment assays performed in the presence of antinucleolin antibodies and purified nucleolin revealed the requirement of nucleolin during HPIV-3 internalization but not during attachment. Thus, these results suggest that nucleolin expressed on the surfaces of human lung epithelial A549 cells plays an important role during HPIV-3 cellular entry.
Vascular repair by endothelial progenitor cells (2008)

Accumulating evidence indicates the impact of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vascular repair. In patients, the number of EPCs is negatively correlated with the severity of atherosclerosis. In various animal models, transplantation of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells could sufficiently rescue organ function and enhance vascular repair and tissue regeneration. Increase in the number of circulating progenitors, induced by cell transfusion or enhanced mobilization, can also enhance restoration and integrity of the endothelial lining, suppress neointimal formation, and increase blood flow to ischaemic sites. However, the beneficial outcome of EPC infusion very much depends on the growth and differentiation factors within the tissue, cell-to-cell interactions, and the degree of injury. As highlighted by several studies, EPCs derive from different sources including bone marrow and non-bone marrow organs such as the spleen, the functional repair properties of which may vary with the maturation state of the cell. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in EPC-repairing processes is essential. In the present review we focus on the role of EPCs in vascular diseases, and we provide an update on the mechanisms of EPC mobilization, homing, and differentiation.
A generic fragmented object structured framework for distributed storage support (2003)

The authors propose a generic framework for storage support in a distributed environment. This comprises a set of storage abstractions and storage policies; data clusters, cluster containers, and container domains, supporting sharing, caching, and replication. These abstractions and these policies are structured as fragmented objects (FOs), such that each storage system designer can offer the appropriate tradeoffs to its targeted applications. The core set of main abstractions is discussed; their interfaces are presented; and the FO-structuring of the cluster abstraction is detailed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Surface-Mountable EMC Monopole Chip Antenna for WLAN Operation (2006)

A novel surface-mountable monopole chip antenna having an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) property is presented. In addition to the radiating strip on the chip base of the antenna, a ground portion is added on the side surfaces of the chip base. The antenna ground portion is to be grounded to the system ground plane of the mobile device for practical applications. The antenna ground portion can function as an effective shielding wall between the antenna and the nearby electronic components in the device. In this case, the nearby components can be placed in close proximity to the antenna, with small effects on the antenna performances. That is, the proposed antenna is EM compatible with the nearby components. In addition, the proposed antenna is surface-mountable onto the system circuit board of the mobile device, which reduces the packaging cost of the device. The proposed antenna applied to a smart phone or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) phone for WLAN operation in the 2.4 GHz band is studied in the paper.
Human FcγRIIA induces anaphylactic and allergic reactions (2011)

IgE and IgE receptors (FcεRI) are well-known inducers of allergy. We recently found in mice that active systemic anaphylaxis depends on IgG and IgG receptors (FcγRIIIA and FcγRIV) expressed by neutrophils, rather than on IgE and FcεRI expressed by mast cells and basophils. In humans, neutrophils, mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils do not express FcγRIIIA or FcγRIV, but FcγRIIA. We therefore investigated the possible role of FcγRIIA in allergy by generating novel FcγRIIA-transgenic mice, in which various models of allergic reactions induced by IgG could be studied. In mice, FcγRIIA was sufficient to trigger active and passive anaphylaxis, and airway inflammation in vivo. Blocking FcγRIIA in vivo abolished these reactions. We identified mast cells to be responsible for FcγRIIA-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, and monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils to be responsible for FcγRIIA-dependent passive systemic anaphylaxis. Supporting these findings, human mast cells, monocytes and neutrophils produced anaphylactogenic mediators after FcγRIIA engagement. IgG and FcγRIIA may therefore contribute to allergic and anaphylactic reactions in humans.
Discovery of a benzo[e]pyrimido-[5,4-b][1,4]diazepin-6(11H)-one as a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Big MAP Kinase 1 (2011)

Kinome-wide selectivity profiling of a collection of 2-amino-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines followed by cellular structure-activity relationship-guided optimization resulted in the identification of moderately potent and selective inhibitors of BMK1/ERK5 exemplified by 11, 18, and 21. For example, 11 possesses a dissociation constant (K(d)) for BMK1 of 19 nM, a cellular IC(50) for inhibiting epidermal growth factor induced BMK1 autophosphorylation of 0.19 ± 0.04 μM, and an Ambit KINOMEscan selectivity score (S(5)) of 0.035. Inhibitors 18 and 21 are also potent BMK1 inhibitors and possess favorable pharmacokinetic properties which enable their use as pharmacological probes of BMK1-dependent phenomena as well as starting points for further optimization efforts.
Response of resting human peripheral blood natural killer cells to interleukin 2. (1984)

The present study shows that recombinant interleukin 2 (IL-2) purified to homogeneity induces a rapid and potent enhancement of spontaneous cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The cells mediating cytotoxicity after 18-h treatment with IL-2 have surface markers of natural killer (NK) cells and are generated from the peripheral blood subset containing spontaneous cytotoxic cells. A parallel production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is induced by recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2), and NK cells appear to be the major producer cells, whereas T cells are unable to produce IFN-gamma under these experimental conditions. However, the kinetics of the enhancement of cytotoxicity are faster than those of IFN-gamma production, and monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma antibodies do not suppress this effect, making it unlikely that the IFN-gamma produced is responsible for the enhancement. The enhancement of NK cell activity induced by rIL-2 precedes any proliferative response of the lymphocytes, which is instead observed in longer-term cultures of both NK and T cells.
Down Syndrome (1989)

Down syndrome is the set of physical, mental, and functional abnormalities that result from trisomy 21, the presence in the genome of three rather than the normal two chromosomes 21. The physical abnormalities that together give rise to the distinctive facial appearance associated with this condition include upslanting palpebral fissures with inner epicanthic folds, flatness of the bridge of the nose, midfacial hypoplasia, and a tendency to protrude the tongue, especially when very young. Many other functionally inconsequential minor abnormalities of the ears, hands, and feet may also be present, and stature is generally reduced. Approximately 40% of affected individuals are born with congenital heart disease, with endocardial cushion and related septal defects frequently being present. Obstruction of the intestinal tract also occasionally occurs during development. Although trisomy 21 is the autosomal trisomy most compatible with survival through the period of gestation, only about a third of affected embryos and fetuses are actually liveborn.
Design and Optimization of Resonance-Based Efficient Wireless Power Delivery Systems for Biomedical Implants (2010)

Resonance-based wireless power delivery is an efficient technique to transfer power over a relatively long distance. This technique typically uses four coils as opposed to two coils used in conventional inductive links. In the four-coil system, the adverse effects of a low coupling coefficient between primary and secondary coils are compensated by using high-quality (Q) factor coils, and the efficiency of the system is improved. Unlike its two-coil counterpart, the efficiency profile of the power transfer is not a monotonically decreasing function of the operating distance and is less sensitive to changes in the distance between the primary and secondary coils. A four-coil energy transfer system can be optimized to provide maximum efficiency at a given operating distance. We have analyzed the four-coil energy transfer systems and outlined the effect of design parameters on power-transfer efficiency. Design steps to obtain the efficient power-transfer system are presented and a design example is provided. A proof-of-concept prototype system is implemented and confirms the validity of the proposed analysis and design techniques. In the prototype system, for a power-link frequency of 700 kHz and a coil distance range of 10 to 20 mm, using a 22-mm diameter implantable coil resonance-based system shows a power-transfer efficiency of more than 80% with an enhanced operating range compared to ~40% efficiency achieved by a conventional two-coil system.
Selecting T Cell Receptors with High Affinity for Self-MHC by Decreasing the Contribution of CD8 (1992)

Selective events during T cell repertoire development in the thymus include both the positive selection of cells whose receptors recognize self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and negative selection (tolerance) of cells whose interaction with self-MHC is of high affinity. The affinity of T cell interactions with class I MHC molecules includes contributions by both the T cell receptor and the CD8 coreceptor. Therefore, by decreasing the affinity of the interaction with CD8, T cells whose receptors have relatively high affinities for self-MHC may survive negative selection. Such T cells were generated and those T cells reactive with self-MHC plus antigen also displayed low affinity for self.
Regulation of local differentiation of cartilage and bone by extracellular matrix: a cascade type mechanism. (1982)

The regenerative potential of the vertebrate skeletal system is well known. Normal cartilage and bone development can be mimicked by implantation of demineralized bone matrix, which induces bone formation locally. The sequential stages of the matrix-induced bone development and recent advances in the underlying biochemical mechanisms are described. The extracellular matrix components have chemotactic, mitogenic and differentiative activities. It would appear that a cascade type mechanism is operative during local differentiation of endochondral bone.