gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GROUND AND SURFACE WATER QUALITY IMPACTS OF NORTH CAROLINA SANITARY LANDFILLS1 (1990)

ABSTRACT: Ground and surface water quality monitoring data from 71 municipal sanitary landfills in North Carolina were analyzed to determine the nature and extent of current contamination problems and identify any common characteristics associated with this contamination. A total of 322 surface and 411 ground water quality records were analyzed using the SAS data system. Almost all the landfill records included inorganic and heavy metal analyses while approximately half of the records also included organic analyses by CC/MS. Our analysis indicates that landfills are having measurable impacts on ground and surface water quality, but these impacts may not be as severe as is commonly assumed. Statistically significant increases were detected in the average concentrations in ground water and downstream surface water samples when compared to upstream surface water samples. The largest percentage increases were observed for zinc, turbidity, total organic carbon, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and lead. Violations of ground water quality standards for heavy metals and hazardous organic compounds were detected at 53 percent of the landfills where adequate data existed. The moat common heavy metal violations were for lead (18 percent), chromium (18 percent), zinc (6 percent), cadmium (6 percent), and arsenic (6 percent) (percentage of landfills violating shown in parenthesis). The organic compounds that appear to pose the greatest threat to ground water are the chlorinated solvents (8 percent), petroleum derived hydrocarbons (8 percent), and pesticides (5 percent). A comparison of monitoring data from sanitary landfills and secondary wastewater treatment plants suggests that the concentrations of heavy metal and organic pollutants discharged to surface waters from these two sources are similar.
Synthesis of Novel Se-Substituted Selenocysteine Derivatives as Potential Kidney Selective Prodrugs of Biologically Active Selenol Compounds:  Evaluation of Kinetics of β-Elimination Reactions in Rat Renal Cytosol (1996)

Eighteen Se-substituted selenocysteine derivatives were synthesized as potential kidney selective prodrugs which can be activated by renal cysteine conjugate beta-lyase to selenium-containing chemoprotectants or antitumor agents. Selenocysteine derivatives with aliphatic and benzylic Se-substituents were synthesized by reducing selenocystine to selenocysteine followed by a reaction with the corresponding alkyl and benzyl halogenides. Selenocysteine derivatives with aromatic Se-substitutes were synthesized by reaction of beta-chloroalanine with substituted phenylselenol compounds, which were formed by reducing substituted diphenyl diselenides by NaBH4. The enzyme kinetic parameters (apparent Km and Vmax) of the beta-elimination reaction of the selenocysteine conjugates were studied in rat renal cytosol. The results suggest that Se-substituted L-selenocysteine conjugates are extremely good substrates for renal cysteine conjugate beta-lyases as indicated by low apparent Km and high Vmax values. The benzyl-substituted Se-conjugates appeared to be better substrates than the phenyl- and alkyl-substituted Se-conjugates. Corresponding L-cysteine S-conjugates were too poor substrates to obtain proper enzyme kinetics. Recently, local activation of cysteine S-conjugates by renal cysteine conjugate beta-lyases was proposed as a new strategy to target antitumor agents to the kidney. The present results show that Se-substituted selenocysteine conjugates may be more promising prodrugs because these compounds are much better substrates for beta-lyase.
The Mechanism of Base-Catalyzed Ethynylation in Donor Solvents (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Mechanism of Base-Catalyzed Ethynylation in Donor SolventsR. J. TedeschiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 9, 3045–3049Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01020a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01020a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adjuvant Immunotherapy of Resected, Intermediate-Thickness, Node-Negative Melanoma With an Allogeneic Tumor Vaccine: Overall Results of a Randomized Trial of the Southwest Oncology Group (2002)

This represents one of the largest randomized, controlled trials of adjuvant vaccine therapy in human cancer reported to date. Compliance with randomization was excellent, with only 2% refusing assigned therapy. There is no evidence of improved disease-free survival among patients randomized to receive vaccine, although the power to detect a small but clinically significant difference was low. Future investigations of adjuvant vaccine approaches for patients with intermediate-thickness melanoma should involve larger numbers of patients and ideally should include sentinel node biopsy staging.
A Concise Guide to cDNA Microarray Analysis (2000)

Microarray expression analysis has become one of the most widely used functional genomics tools. Efficient application of this technique requires the development of robust and reproducible protocols. We have optimized all aspects of the process, including PCR amplification of target cDNA clones, microarray printing, probe labeling and hybridization, and have developed strategies for data normalization and analysis.
Manipulation and Exploitation of the Tumour Environment for Therapeutic Benefit (1994)

We describe aspects of the tumour microenvironment that are available as targets for manipulation. In particular, the question asked is whether hypoxia in tumours is a problem to be overcome, or a physiological abnormality to be exploited? Bioreductive drugs require metabolic reduction to generate cytotoxic metabolites. This process is facilitated by appropriate reductases and the lower oxygen conditions present in solid tumours compared with normal tissues. Because of their specificity, bioreductive drugs are used to help answer this question. Other aspects of tumour physiology and biochemistry that may be exploited include tissue dependent reductase expression, pH and angiogenesis.
Loss of PDCD4 expression in human lung cancer correlates with tumour progression and prognosis (2003)

The programmed cell death 4 gene (PDCD4), a newly identified transformation suppressor, was analysed in lung tumour cell lines and primary lung carcinomas. Reduced PDCD4 mRNA expression was observed in two immortalized lung cell lines and 18 cancer cell lines by northern blot analysis. In the survey of primary lung tumours, PDCD4 cDNA was poorly represented in 47 lung tumours compared with normal lung tissue by cDNA microarray analysis and this poor representation was significantly associated with high-grade (G3) adenocarcinomas (p = 0.012). Immunohistochemical analysis of 124 primary carcinomas comprising all subtypes demonstrated that PDCD4 protein expression was widely lost in tumour samples (83%) and was negatively related to poor prognosis (p = 0.013). The loss of PDCD4 expression correlated with higher grade and disease stage (p = 0.045 and 0.034, respectively), but not tumour size and nodal status. Similarly to the cDNA data, lack of PDCD4 expression was significantly linked to tumour grade in adenocarcinoma (n = 59, p = 0.048), while in squamous cell carcinoma (n = 58), no relationship between PDCD4 expression and clinicopathological parameters was established. These data suggest that the loss of PDCD4 expression is a prognostic factor in lung cancer and may correlate with tumour progression.
Reactivation of autophagy by spermidine ameliorates the myopathic defects of collagen VI-null mice (2015)

Autophagy is a self-degradative process responsible for the clearance of damaged or unnecessary cellular components. We have previously found that persistence of dysfunctional organelles due to autophagy failure is a key event in the pathogenesis of COL6/collagen VI-related myopathies, and have demonstrated that reactivation of a proper autophagic flux rescues the muscle defects of Col6a1-null (col6a1(-/-)) mice. Here we show that treatment with spermidine, a naturally occurring nontoxic autophagy inducer, is beneficial for col6a1(-/-) mice. Systemic administration of spermidine in col6a1(-/-) mice reactivated autophagy in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a concurrent amelioration of the histological and ultrastructural muscle defects. The beneficial effects of spermidine, together with its being easy to administer and the lack of overt side effects, open the field for the design of novel nutraceutical strategies for the treatment of muscle diseases characterized by autophagy impairment.
Conjugated Silole and Carbazole Copolymers: Synthesis, Characterization, Single‐Layer Light‐Emitting Diode, and Field Effect Carrier Mobility (2005)

Abstract Summary: Soluble conjugated random and alternating copolymers (PCz‐PSP) derived from N ‐hexyl‐3,6‐carbazole (Cz) and 1,1‐dimethyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetraphenylsilole (PSP) were synthesized by palladium(0)‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions. The feed ratios of Cz to PSP were 95:5, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 50:50. Chemical structures and optoelectronic properties of the copolymers were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, UV absorption, cyclic voltammetry, photoluminescence, electroluminescence, and field effect transistor. HOMO levels of the copolymers are between −5.15 and −5.34 eV. Single‐layer devices with a configuration of ITO/copolymer/Ba/Al were fabricated and the copolymer with PSP content of 20% displayed the highest external quantum efficiency of 0.77%. Field effect transistors with tantalum pentoxide‐polyacrylonitrile double insulators demonstrated that hole mobilities of the copolymers decreased with their PSP contents, and the hole mobility up to 9.3 × 10 −6 cm 2 · (V · s) −1 could be achieved. Synthesis of coplymers derived from 3,6‐carbazole and silole. magnified image Synthesis of coplymers derived from 3,6‐carbazole and silole.
Poly-.beta.-hydroxyalkanoate from activated sludge (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly-.beta.-hydroxyalkanoate from activated sludgeLowell L. Wallen and William K. RohwedderCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1974, 8, 6, 576–579Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60091a007https://doi.org/10.1021/es60091a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views742Altmetric-Citations207LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New light on Myc and Myb. Part II. Myb. (1990)

The group of proto-oncogen es found to encode nuclear proteins now includes myc, myb, fos, jun, ski, cbl, eibA, members of the ets family^ and possibly several others. Given that so many cytoplasmic and membrane-asso­ ciated oncoproteins are involved in signal transduction pathways, one rather appealing notion has been that some or all of the nuclear oncoproteins encoded by these genes might act to mediate specific transcriptional re­ sponses to signals originally generated in the plasma membrane or cytoplasm (for review, see Weinberg 1989). During the last several years, a number of these onco­ proteins, including ErbA, Fos, Jun and, most recently, Ets, have been demonstrated to be directly involved in transcriptional regulation. It is somewhat ironic that Myc and Myb, two of the first oncoproteins to be shown localized to the nucleus, have appeared to elude func­ tional characterization. However, recent evidence has demonstrated that Myb also functions in transcription and, while Myc has remained a citadel of incomprehen­ sibility, new studies have begun to bring this mysterious protein into sharper focus. At first glance, Myc and Myb would appear to have little in common, aside from the fact that both are predominantly localized in the nu­ cleus. They are quite different structurally and their pat­ terns of expression are also rather distinct, with Myc present in nearly all cell types while Myb is restricted to hematopoietic cells. However, the functions of both of these oncoproteins appear to be linked to proliferation , and these oncoproteins clearly play major roles in cell differentiation. Furthermore, recent work has cast some new light on both oncoproteins, and in what follows we attempt to meld older with more recent evidence re­ lating to possible functions. This review will appear in two segments. In part I we consider studies relating to the structure and potential function of Myc; part II, to appear in the next issue, will discuss recent findings on Myb.
The Receptor-Like Kinase SOL2 Mediates CLE Signaling in Arabidopsis (2008)

Arabidopsis sol2 mutants showed CLV3 peptide resistance. Twenty-six synthetic CLE peptides were examined in the clv1, clv2 and sol2 mutants. sol2 showed different levels of resistance to the various peptides, and the spectrum of peptide resistance was quite similar to that of clv2. SOL2 encoded a receptor-like kinase protein which is identical to CORYNE (CRN). GeneChip analysis revealed that the expression of several genes was altered in the sol2 root tip. Here, we suggest that SOL2, together with CLV2, plays an important role in the regulation of root meristem development through the CLE signaling pathway.
Naltrexone/Bupropion Combination Therapy in Overweight or Obese Patients With Major Depressive Disorder (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00624858.
Conformational Characterization of Lanthanide(III)−DOTA Complexes by ab Initio Investigation in Vacuo and in Aqueous Solution (2002)

The conformational behavior of four [Ln(DOTA)(H(2)O)](-) systems (Ln = La, Gd, Ho, and Lu) has been characterized by means of ab initio calculations performed in vacuo and in aqueous solution, the latter by using the polarizable continuum model (PCM). Calculated molecular geometries and conformational energies of the [Ln(DOTA)(H(2)O)](-) systems, and interconversion mechanisms, barriers, and (13)C NMR spectra of the [Lu(DOTA)](-) complex are compared with experimental values. For each system, geometry optimizations, performed in vacuo and in solution at the HF/3-21G level and using a 46+4f(n) core electron effective core potential (ECP) for lanthanides, provide two minima corresponding to a square antiprismatic (A) and an inverted antiprismatic (IA) coordination geometry. All the systems are nonacoordinated, with the exception of the IA isomer of the Lu complex that, from in solution calculations, is octacoordinated, in agreement with experimental data. On comparing the in vacuo relative free energies calculated at different theory levels it can be seen that the nonacoordinated species dominates at the beginning of the lanthanide series while the octacoordinated one does so at the end. Furthermore, on passing along the series the IA isomer becomes less and less favored with respect to A and for the Lu complex a stabilization of the IAisomer is observed in solution (but not in vacuo), in agreement with the experimental data. Investigation of the A<-->IA isomerization process in the [Lu(DOTA)](-) system provides two different interconversion mechanisms: a single-step process, involving the simultaneous rotation of the acetate arms, and a multistep path, involving the inversion of the cyclen cycle configuration. While in vacuo the energy barrier for the acetate arm rotation is higher than that involved in the ring inversion (23.1 and 13.1 kcal mol(-)(1) at the B3LYP/6-311G level, respectively), in solution the two mechanisms present comparable barriers (14.7 and 13.5 kcal mol(-)(1)), in fairly good agreement with the experimental values. The NMR shielding constants for the two isomers of the [Lu(DOTA)](-) complex have been calculated by means of the ab initio GIAO and CSGT methods, and using a 46-core-electron ECP for Lu. The calculated (13)C NMR chemical shifts are in close agreement with the experimental values (rms 3.3 ppm, at the HF/6-311G level) and confirm the structural assignment of the two isomers based on experimental NMR spectra in solution. The results demonstrate that our computational approach is able to predict several physicochemical properties of lanthanide complexes, allowing a better characterization of this class of compounds for their application as contrast agents in medical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Use of a recombinant 170-kilodalton surface antigen of Entamoeba histolytica for serodiagnosis of amebiasis and identification of immunodominant domains of the native molecule (1992)

We expressed the gene that encodes one of the major surface antigens of Entamoeba histolytica, the 170-kDa protein (1,270 amino acids), as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing amino acids 1 to 1202 (lacking the putative transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions) and as separate fusion proteins containing each of three major domains of the 170-kDa molecule. Lysates from bacteria induced to express one of these proteins were used as the target antigens in a Western blot (immunoblot) analysis to determine whether a recombinant 170-kDa antigen could serve as the basis for a serologic test used to detect invasive amebiasis and whether there are differences in humoral immunogenicity among the three major domains of the 170-kDa antigen. Among patients with invasive amebiasis from three major areas where the disease is endemic and two sites in the United States, 54 (90%) of 60 had antibodies to the recombinant 170-kDa protein. Among 37 patients from regions where the disease is endemic and 20 patients from the United States without amebic disease, 1 (2%) of 57 had antibodies to the recombinant 170-kDa protein. We found significant differences in seroreactivity to each of three major domains of the molecule among patients seropositive for the complete construct, ranging from 100% seroreactivity with the fusion protein containing the domain designated cysteine rich and 89% seropositivity with the fusion protein incorporating a portion of the region designated cysteine poor to only 9% seropositivity for the fusion protein containing the pseudorepeat domain. Our study indicates that a serologic test based on the recombinant 170-kDA antigen could serve as a highly sensitive and specific test for acute invasive amebiasis.
Mass Spectrometry Sampling Under Ambient Conditions with Desorption Electrospray Ionization (2004)

A new method of desorption ionization is described and applied to the ionization of various compounds, including peptides and proteins present on metal, polymer, and mineral surfaces. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is carried out by directing electrosprayed charged droplets and ions of solvent onto the surface to be analyzed. The impact of the charged particles on the surface produces gaseous ions of material originally present on the surface. The resulting mass spectra are similar to normal ESI mass spectra in that they show mainly singly or multiply charged molecular ions of the analytes. The DESI phenomenon was observed both in the case of conductive and insulator surfaces and for compounds ranging from nonpolar small molecules such as lycopene, the alkaloid coniceine, and small drugs, through polar compounds such as peptides and proteins. Changes in the solution that is sprayed can be used to selectively ionize particular compounds, including those in biological matrices. In vivo analysis is demonstrated.
van der Waals Volumes and Radii (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTvan der Waals Volumes and RadiiA. BondiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1964, 68, 3, 441–451Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100785a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j100785a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49041Altmetric-Citations16569LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Pyocyanine (2003)

Abstract Pyocyanine intermediate: α‐ Methoxyphenazine reactant: 6 g. (0.06 mole) of o ‐phenylenediamine intermediate: α‐ Hydroxyphenazine product: Pyocyanine