gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Apgar Score Has Survived the Test of Time (2005)

In 1953, Virginia Apgar, M.D. published her proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant. The avowed purpose of this paper was to establish a simple and clear classification of newborn infants which can be used to compare the results of obstetric practices, types of maternal pain relief and the results of resuscitation. Having considered several objective signs pertaining to the condition of the infant at birth she selected five that could be evaluated and taught to the delivery room personnel without difficulty. These signs were heart rate, respiratory effort, reflex irritability, muscle tone and color. Sixty seconds after the complete birth of the baby a rating of zero, one or two was given to each sign, depending on whether it was absent or present. Virginia Apgar reviewed anesthesia records of 1025 infants born alive at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center during the period of this report. All had been rated by her method. Infants in poor condition scored 0-2, infants in fair condition scored 3-7, while scores 8-10 were achieved by infants in good condition. The most favorable score 1 min after birth was obtained by infants delivered vaginally with the occiput the presenting part (average 8.4). Newborns delivered by version and breech extraction had the lowest score (average 6.3). Infants delivered by cesarean section were more vigorous (average score 8.0) when spinal was the method of anesthesia versus an average score of 5.0 when general anesthesia was used. Correlating the 60 s score with neonatal mortality, Virginia found that mature infants receiving 0, 1 or 2 scores had a neonatal death rate of 14%; those scoring 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 had a death rate of 1.1%; and those in the 8-10 score group had a death rate of 0.13%. She concluded that the prognosis of an infant is excellent if he receives one of the upper three scores, and poor if one of the lowest three scores.
TxLinux and MetaTM (2008)

research-article Share on TxLinux and MetaTM: transactional memory and the operating system Authors: Christopher J. Rossbach University of Texas, Austin University of Texas, AustinView Profile , Hany E. Ramadan University of Texas, Austin University of Texas, AustinView Profile , Owen S. Hofmann University of Texas, Austin University of Texas, AustinView Profile , Donald E. Porter University of Texas, Austin University of Texas, AustinView Profile , Aditya Bhandari University of Texas, Austin University of Texas, AustinView Profile , Emmett Witchel University of Texas, Austin University of Texas, AustinView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 51Issue 9September 2008pp 83–91https://doi.org/10.1145/1378727.1378747Published:01 September 2008Publication History 3citation4,642DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads4,642Last 12 Months1,396Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Factors Affecting Outcome in Meningococcal Infections (1991)

A prognostic score for evaluating meningococcal infections in patients consists of the following five features that indicate a poor prognosis: onset of petechiae within 12 hours of presentation; shock; normal or low peripheral leukocyte count; normal or low erythrocyte sedimentation rate; and absence of meningitis. Based on our experience and some published data, we suspected that the score may no longer be reliable. We reviewed the charts of 73 children with meningococcal infection from December 19, 1979 to December 19, 1987 and applied the prognostic score mentioned previously. Our findings indicate that although a low score is generally associated with a good outcome, a higher score is less predictive of poor outcome than previously suggested. A rash with petechiae or purpura, the presence of shock, and a normal or low peripheral leukocyte count continue to be predictors of poor outcome. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was not evaluated owing to a limited amount of data. The absence of meningitis did not correlate with a worse outcome in our patients. Most patients who died had evidence of meningeal involvement at the time of presentation. Instead, altered mental status at presentation, particularly obtundation or coma, was an ominous sign. We conclude that absence of meningitis is not a good predictor of outcome, as was previously thought. Altered mental status at the time of presentation may prove to be a stronger indicator of poor outcome.
Transmembrane signalling by a hybrid protein: communication from the domain of chemoreceptor Trg that recognizes sugar-binding proteins to the kinase/phosphatase domain of osmosensor EnvZ (1994)

Chemoreceptor Trg and osmosensor EnvZ of Escherichia coli share a common transmembrane organization but have essentially unrelated primary structures. We created a hybrid gene coding for a protein in which Trg contributed its periplasmic and transmembrane domains as well as a short cytoplasmic segment and EnvZ contributed its cytoplasmic kinase/phosphatase domain. Trz1 transduced recognition of sugar-occupied, ribose-binding protein by its periplasmic domain into activation of its cytoplasmic kinase/phosphatase domain as assessed in vivo by using an ompC-lacZ fusion gene. Functional coupling of sugar-binding protein recognition to kinase/phosphatase activity indicates shared features of intramolecular signalling in the two parent proteins. In combination with previous documentation of transduction of aspartate recognition by an analogous fusion protein created from chemoreceptor Tar and EnvZ, the data indicate a common mechanism of transmembrane signal transduction by chemoreceptors and EnvZ. Signalling through the fusion proteins implies functional interaction between heterologous domains, but the minimal sequence identity among relevant segments of EnvZ, Tar, and Trg indicates that the link does not require extensive, specific interactions among side chains. The few positions of identity in those three sequences cluster in transmembrane segment 1 and the short chemoreceptor sequence in the cytoplasmic part of the hybrid proteins. These regions may be particularly important in physical and functional coupling. The specific cellular conditions necessary to observe ligand-dependent activation of Trz1 can be understood in the context of the importance of phosphatase control in EnvZ signalling and limitations on maximal receptor occupancy in binding protein-mediated recognition.
Prevention of Graft Versus Host Disease by Inactivation of Host Antigen-Presenting Cells (1999)

Graft versus host disease, an alloimmune attack on host tissues mounted by donor T cells, is the most important toxicity of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The mechanism by which allogeneic T cells are initially stimulated is unknown. In a murine allogeneic bone marrow transplantation model it was found that, despite the presence of numerous donor antigen-presenting cells, only host-derived antigen-presenting cells initiated graft versus host disease. Thus, strategies for preventing graft versus host disease could be developed that are based on inactivating host antigen-presenting cells. Such strategies could expand the safety and application of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in treatment of common genetic and neoplastic diseases.
Transcriptional Profiling of the Heart Reveals Chamber-Specific Gene Expression Patterns (2003)

Cardiac chamber-specific gene expression is critical for the normal development and function of the heart. To investigate the genetic basis of cardiac anatomical specialization, we have undertaken a nearly genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the four heart chambers and the interventricular septum. Rigorous statistical analysis has allowed the identification of known and novel members of gene families that are felt to be important in cardiac development and function, including LIM proteins, homeobox proteins, wnt and T-box pathway proteins, as well as structural proteins like actins and myosins. In addition, these studies have allowed the identification of thousands of additional differentially expressed genes, for which there is little structural or functional information. Clustering of genes with known and unknown functions provides insights into signaling pathways that are essential for development and maintenance of chamber-specific features. To facilitate future research in this area, a searchable internet database has been constructed that allows study of the chamber-specific expression of any gene represented on this comprehensive microarray. It is anticipated that further study of genes identified through this effort will provide insights into the specialization of heart chamber tissues, and their specific roles in cardiac development, aging, and disease.
Clinical Applications of Mixed Chimerism (1999)

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is currently a procedure that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Thus, the clinical application of this technique is limited to the treatment of life-threatening hematopoietic malignancies. The morbidity and mortality of BMT is mainly related to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), failure of engraftment, and toxicity related to fully myeloablative conditioning. GVHD can be prevented by T-cell depletion. However, T-cell depletion increases the risk of failure of engraftment. With the identification of a facilitating cell population that enables engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells across major histocompatibility barriers, the dichotomy between GVHD and failure of engraftment has been resolved. If one could overcome the toxicity of conditioning with the development of partially ablative conditioning strategies, BMT could be used for the treatment of a variety of nonmalignant diseases, as well as in the induction of donor-specific transplantation tolerance. This review outlines the development and advantages of partially ablative conditioning strategies and illustrates possible applications of the technique. Forty years ago E.D. Thomas discussed the potential of BMT for treating immunodeficiencies and for the induction of transplantation tolerance. BMT can be viewed as a natural form of gene therapy to replace a defective cell or enzyme with a functional and normally regulated one.
Generation and Characterization of Anti-AA Amyloid-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies (2011)

AA amyloidosis results from the pathologic deposition in the kidneys and other organs of fibrils composed of N-terminal fragments of serum amyloid A protein (SAA). Given that there are only limited means to visualize these deposits, we have developed a series of mAbs, 2A4, 7D8, and 8G9, that bind specifically with nanomolar affinity to a carboxy-terminal epitope generated following proteolysis of SAA that yields the predominant component of AA amyloid deposits. Notably, these antibodies do not recognize native SAA, they retain their immunoreactivity when radiolabeled with I-125 and, after injection into AA amyloidotic mice, localize, as evidenced by autoradiography and micro-single photon emission computed tomography imaging, to histologically confirmed areas of amyloid deposition; namely, spleen, liver, and pancreas. The results of our in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the AA fibril-selectivity of mAbs 2A4, 7D8, and 8G9 and warrant further investigation into their role as novel diagnostic agents for patients with AA amyloidosis.
Zur Frage Supraleitung in σ-Phase Nb-Al / Superconductivity and σ-Phase Nb — Al (1973)

Abstract The preparation and the alloy structure of Nb - Al samples containing σ.-phase are described. Using single-phase material it is shown that the o-phase Nb - Al, independent of composition and heat treatment, is not superconducting down to 1.3 K.
Evolution and diversity of the 2–oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase superfamily in plants (2014)

The 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGD) superfamily is the second largest enzyme family in the plant genome, and its members are involved in various oxygenation/hydroxylation reactions. Despite their biochemical significance in metabolism, a systematic analysis of plant 2OGDs remains to be accomplished. We present a phylogenetic classification of 479 2OGDs in six plant models, ranging from green algae to angiosperms. These were classified into three classes - DOXA, DOXB and DOXC - based on amino acid sequence similarity. The DOXA class includes plant homologs of Escherichia coli AlkB, which is a prototype of 2OGD involved in the oxidative demethylation of alkylated nucleic acids and histones. The DOXB class is conserved across all plant taxa and is involved in proline 4-hydroxylation in cell wall protein synthesis. The DOXC class is involved in specialized metabolism of various phytochemicals, including phytohormones and flavonoids. The vast majority of 2OGDs from land plants were classified into the DOXC class, but only seven from Chlamydomonas, suggesting that this class has diversified during land plant evolution. Phylogenetic analysis assigned DOXC-class 2OGDs to 57 phylogenetic clades. 2OGD genes involved in gibberellin biosynthesis were conserved among vascular plants, and those involved in flavonoid and ethylene biosynthesis were shared among seed plants. Several angiosperm-specific clades were found to be involved in various lineage-specific specialized metabolisms, but 31 of the 57 DOXC-class clades were only found in a single species. Therefore, the evolution and diversification of DOXC-class 2OGDs is partly responsible for the diversity and complexity of specialized metabolites in land plants.
Sequence-specific proton NMR assignments and secondary structure of porcine motilin (1990)

The solution structure of the 22-residue peptide hormone motilin has been studied by circular dichroism and two-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Circular dichroism spectra indicate the presence of alpha-helical secondary structure in aqueous solution, and the secondary structure can be stabilized with hexafluoro-2-propanol. Sequence-specific assignments of the proton NMR spectrum of porcine motilin in 30% hexafluoro-2-propanol have been made by using two-dimensional NMR techniques. All backbone proton resonances (NH and alpha CH) and most of the side-chain resonances have been assigned by using double-quantum-filtered COSY, RELAYED-COSY, and NOESY experiments. Simulations of NOESY cross-peak intensities as a function of mixing time indicate that spin diffusion has a relatively small effect in peptides the size of motilin, thereby allowing the use of long mixing times to confidently make assignments and delineate secondary structure. Sequential alpha CH-NH and NH-NH NOESY connectivities were observed over a significant portion of the length of the peptide. A number of medium-range NOESY cross-peaks indicate that the peptide is folded into alpha-helix from Glu9 to Lys20, which agrees favorably with the 50% helical content determined from CD measurements. The intensities of selected NOESY cross-peaks relative to corresponding diagonal peaks were used to estimate a rotational correlation time of approximately 2.5 ns for the peptide, indicating that the peptide exists as a monomer in solution under the conditions used here.
Basic Facts about Biosimilars (2007)

Biotechnological drugs have become an essential part of modern pharmacotherapy and are expected to reach a 50% share in the pharmaceutical market in the next few years. The expiry of patent protection for many original biotechnological medicines has led to the development of what are called biosimilars or follow-on biologics. Biosimilars attempt to copy the original technology leading to the production of innovative biotechnological medicines to obtain a product which is similar to the original one. The first two biosimilars have recently been approved in the European Union and one application was rejected. Many more biosimilars will likely see approval in the near future. Our experience with biosimilars has been very limited to date and long-term safety data including immunogenicity are not available. Although biosimilars will likely lower the cost of modern therapies there are issues which have to be discussed at this stage among physicians regarding in particular the differences between biosimilars and generics of the classical chemical drugs, need for appropriate regulations as well as identification of potential problems with biosimilars. Other specific problems which will also be addressed in this review are safety of biosimilars, pharmacovigilance, automatic substitution, naming and labeling/prescription rules.
Characterization of the allosteric binding pocket of human liver fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase by protein crystallography and inhibitor activity studies (1997)

The structures of three complexes of human fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FB) with the allosteric inhibitor AMP and two AMP analogues have been determined and all fully refined. The data used for structure determination were collected at cryogenic temperature (110 K), and with the use of synchrotron radiation. The structures reveal a common mode of binding for AMP and formycine monophosphate (FMP). 5-Amino-4-carboxamido-1 beta-D-5-phosphate-ribofuranosyl-1H-imidazole (AICAR-P) shows an unexpected mode of binding to FB, different from that of the other two ligands. The imidazole ring of AICAR-P is rotated 180 degrees compared to the AMP and FMP bases. This rotation results in a slightly different hydrogen bonding pattern and minor changes in the water structure in the binding pocket. Common features of binding are seen for the ribose and phosphate moieties of all three compounds. Although binding in a different mode, AICAR-P is still capable of making all the important interactions with the residues building the allosteric binding pocket. The IC50 values of AMP, FMP, and AICAR-P were determined to be 1.7, 1.4, and 20.9 microM, respectively. Thus, the approximately 10 times lower potency of AICAR-P is difficult to explain solely from the variations observed in the binding pocket. Only one water molecule in the allosteric binding pocket was found to be conserved in all four subunits in all three structures. This water molecule coordinates to a phosphate oxygen atom and the N7 atom of the AMP molecule, and to similarly situated atoms in the FMP and AICAR-P complexes. This implies an important role of the conserved water molecule in binding of the ligand.
Selectivity of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis of cancer cells and synergy with drugs: the trail to non-toxic cancer therapeutics (review). (1999)

There have been many advances in the therapy of cancer following the introduction of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs. Notable responses were observed in primary tumors and often in malignant metastatic tumors. However, one of the consequences of chemotherapy is the development/acquisition of drug-resistant phenotypes and the development of multiple drug resistance. The development of drug resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of such tumors and therefore, there is an obvious need for alternative approaches such as immune/gene therapy. The cloning of biologically active cytotoxic molecules has been considered as potential new therapeutics in the destruction of drug-resistant tumor cells. For instance, some members of the TNF-superfamily are characterized by their ability to inflict cell death upon binding to their cognate receptors. TNF-alpha was the first molecule to be tested for its anti-tumor activity, followed by Fas-ligand. These two molecules are efficient in killing a variety of tumor cells, however, they cause significant damage to normal tissues that result in life-threatening toxicities. Therefore, the search for a cytotoxic molecule that is selective for tumor cells has continued until the recently discovered new member of the TNF superfamily, namely TRAIL/APO-2L. TRAIL has been shown to be selectively cytotoxic in inducing apoptosis against tumor cells and has minimal or no toxicity against normal tissues, as examined both in vitro and in vivo in mice. Therefore, TRAIL is a new agent that has great potential for its in vivo anti-cancer effect, whether used alone or in combination with drugs. Studies from our laboratory have recently demonstrated that tumor cells that are resistant to TRAIL can be sensitized by subtoxic concentrations of drugs/cytokines and the sensitized tumor cells are significantly killed by TRAIL. This review describes the current status of research studies performed with TRAIL by other investigators as well as by our laboratory.
Silencing of Parkinson's disease-associated genes with artificial mirtron mimics of miR-1224 (2012)

Mirtrons are a recently described category of microRNA (miRNA) relying on splicing rather than processing by the microprocessor complex to generate pre-miRNA precursors of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Their discovery and subsequent verification provides important information about a distinct class of miRNA and inherent advantages that could be exploited to silence genes of interest. These include micro-processor-independent biogenesis, pol-II-dependent transcription, accurate species generation and the delivery of multiple artificial mirtrons as introns within a single host transcript. Here we determined the sequence motifs required for correct processing of the mmu-miR-1224 mirtron and incorporated these into artificial mirtrons targeting Parkinson's disease-associated LRRK2 and α-synuclein genes. By incorporating these rules associated with processing and splicing, artificial mirtrons could be designed and made to silence complementary targets either at the mRNA or protein level. We further demonstrate with a LRRK2 targeting artificial mirtron that neuronal-specific silencing can be directed under the control of the human synapsin promoter. Finally, multiple mirtrons were co-delivered within a single host transcript, an eGFP reporter, to allow simultaneous targeting of two or more targets in a combinatorial approach. Thus, the unique characteristics of artificial mirtrons make this an attractive approach for future RNAi applications.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardias in Children (1997)

We performed radiofrequency catheter ablation of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia in six children. In four, the ventricular tachycardia originated in the left ventricle, in two it originated in the right ventricular outflow tract. In 5/6 (83%) the RF procedure was successful; there were no complications.
Monolithic eight-wavelength demultiplexed receiver for dense WDM applications (1995)

A single chip incorporating a waveguide grating router and eight p-i-n photodetectors followed by eight preamplifiers constructed from heterojunction bipolar transistors, has been realized. The chip can demultiplex eight wavelengths spaced 100 GHz (0.81 nm) apart with nearest neighbor crosstalk better than -15 dB. The external quantum efficiency for each of the eight wavelength demultiplexed photodetectors was 5-8% (a responsivity of 0.06-0.10 A/W) and each optical front end operated up to 2.5 Gb/s. This is the first demonstration of monolithic integration of electronic circuits with a wavelength demultiplexer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Laron‐type dwarfism with apparently normal high affinity serum growth hormone‐binding protein (1991)

The affected patients may possess a novel biochemical defect which results in GH-resistance and reduced production of IGF-I in the presence of normal serum GH-binding protein levels.