gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synapse-specific regulation of AMPA receptor function by PSD-95 (2006)

PSD-95 is a major protein found in virtually all mature excitatory glutamatergic synapses in the brain. Here, we have addressed the role of PSD-95 in controlling glutamatergic synapse function by generating and characterizing a PSD-95 KO mouse. We found that the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA)subtype of glutamate receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic transmission was reduced in these mice. Two-photon (2P) uncaging of MNI-glutamate onto individual spines suggested that the decrease in AMPAR function in the PSD-95 KO mouse stems from an increase in the proportion of "silent" synapses i.e., synapses containing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) but no AMPARs. Unexpectedly, the silent synapses in the KO mouse were located onto morphologically mature spines. We also observed that a significant population of synapses appeared unaffected by PSD-95 gene deletion, suggesting that the functional role of PSD-95 displays synapse-specificity. In addition, we report that the decay of NMDAR-mediated current was slower in KO mice: The contribution of NR2B subunit containing receptors to the NMDAR-mediated synaptic current was greater in KO mice. The greater occurrence of silent synapses might be related to the greater magnitude of potentiation after long-term potentiation induction observed in these mice. Together, these results suggest a synapse-specific role for PSD-95 in controlling synaptic function that is independent of spine morphology.
2'-O-methyl, 2'-O-ethyl oligoribonucleotides and phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides as inhibitors of the in vitro U7 snRNP-dependent mRNA processing event (1991)

We describe the synthesis of 2'-O-methyl, 2'-O-ethyl oligoribonucleotides and phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides and demonstrate their utility as inhibitors of the in vitro U7 snRNP-dependent mRNA processing event. These 2'-O-modified compounds were designed to possess the binding affinity of an RNA molecule towards a complementary RNA target with an enhanced stability against nucleases. The 2'-O-methyl and 2'-O-ethyl antisense compounds function as potent inhibitors of the reaction at 1-10 nM, approximately 5-fold more effective than a natural antisense RNA molecule and requiring an approximate 5-fold excess over the target RNA for 80% inhibition of the processing reaction.
Multivariable Model for Time to First Treatment in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2011)

We developed a multivariable model that incorporates traditional and newer prognostic factors to identify patients at high risk for progression to treatment. This model may be useful to identify patients for early interventional trials.
Corrosion behavior of silicon oxycarbide-based ceramic nanocomposites under hydrothermal conditions (2012)

Abstract Silicon oxycarbide-based ceramic nanocomposites (SiOC, SiZrOC and SiHfOC) were prepared by means of hot pressing techniques and their behavior upon hydrothermal corrosion at moderate temperatures (up to 250°C) was investigated. The results indicated linear corrosion behavior for all samples. The corrosion rates of the SiOC ceramic materials were found to be remarkably lower than those of silicon carbide and comparable to values reported for silicon nitride. Furthermore, SiZrOC and SiHfOC were found to show improved resistance with respect to the non-modified SiOC, due to a unique synergistic effect: whereas zirconia/hafnia act as “reinforcing” phases with respect to hydrothermal corrosion (due to their extremely low solubility in water under the testing conditions), the silicon oxycarbide matrix protects the MO 2 phase from a corrosion-induced t-MO 2 → m-MO 2 phase transformation. Consequently, the prepared silicon oxycarbide-based materials exhibit high potential for applications which require high resistance in corrosive media at moderate temperatures.
Tactile–‘visual’ acuity of the tongue in early blind individuals (2007)

This study compares the 'tactile-visual' acuity of the tongue for 15 early blind participants with that of 24 age-matched and sex-matched sighted controls. Snellen's tumbling E test was used to assess 'visual' acuity using the tongue display unit. The tongue display unit is a sensory substitution device that converts a visual stimulus grabbed by a camera into electro-tactile pulses delivered to the tongue via a grid made out of electrodes. No overall significant difference was found in thresholds between early blind (1/206) and sighted control (1/237) participants. We found, however, a larger proportion of early blind in the two highest visual acuity categories (1/150 and 1/90). These results extend earlier findings that it is possible to measure visual acuity in the blind individuals using the tongue. Moreover, our data demonstrate that a subgroup of early blind participants is more efficient than controls in conveying visual information through the tongue.
Mice that lack the interferon-gamma receptor have profoundly altered responses to infection with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and subsequent challenge with lipopolysaccharide. (1993)

Mice with a targeted disruption of the interferon gamma receptor gene (IFN-gamma R0/0 mice) and control wild-type mice were inoculated with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strain of Mycobacterium bovis. BCG infection was not lethal for wild-type mice whereas all IFN-gamma R0/0 mice died approximately 7-9 wk after inoculation. Histological examination at 2 and 6 wk after BCG inoculation showed that livers of IFN-gamma R0/0 mice had higher numbers of acid-fast bacteria than wild-type mice, especially at 6 wk. In parallel, the livers of IFN-gamma R0/0 mice showed a reduction in the formation of characteristic granulomas at 2 wk after inoculation. Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 2 wk after BCG inoculation was significantly less lethal for IFN-gamma R0/0 mice than for wild-type mice. Reduced lethality of LPS correlated with a drastically reduced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the IFN-gamma R0/0 mice. Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-6 levels in the serum were also significantly reduced in the IFN-gamma R0/0 mice after BCG infection and LPS challenge. The greatly reduced capacity of BCG-infected IFN-gamma R0/0 mice to produce TNF-alpha may be an important factor in their inability to resist BCG infection. These results show that the presence of a functional IFN-gamma receptor is essential for the recovery of mice from BCG infection, and that IFN-gamma is a key element in the complex process whereby BCG infection leads to the sensitization to endotoxin.
Functional Analysis of DNA Sequences Responsible for Ethylene Regulation of a Bean Chitinase Gene in Transgenic Tobacco (1989)

Karen E. Broglie, Phyllis Biddle, Robert Cressman, Richard Broglie, Functional Analysis of DNA Sequences Responsible for Ethylene Regulation of a Bean Chitinase Gene in Transgenic Tobacco, The Plant Cell, Vol. 1, No. 6 (Jun., 1989), pp. 599-607
A brief survey of web data extraction tools (2002)

In the last few years, several works in the literature have addressed the problem of data extraction from Web pages. The importance of this problem derives from the fact that, once extracted, the data can be handled in a way similar to instances of a traditional database. The approaches proposed in the literature to address the problem of Web data extraction use techniques borrowed from areas such as natural language processing, languages and grammars, machine learning, information retrieval, databases, and ontologies. As a consequence, they present very distinct features and capabilities which make a direct comparison difficult to be done. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy for characterizing Web data extraction fools, briefly survey major Web data extraction tools described in the literature, and provide a qualitative analysis of them. Hopefully, this work will stimulate other studies aimed at a more comprehensive analysis of data extraction approaches and tools for Web data.
Transcatheter uterine artery embolisation to treat large uterine fibroids (1998)

Bilateral uterine artery embolisation was performed to treat eight women with symptomatic large fibroids requiring treatment. Uterine volume was quantitatively assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Both uterine arteries were occluded effectively in all women, and the procedure was well tolerated, with a 24-36 hour admission for pain relief. The level of pain experienced was variable, but well controlled. Some women experienced intermittent vaginal discharge and pain following the procedure. Improvement of symptoms occurred in six of the seven women and the eighth woman conceived. There were no significant complications. At three months four women had a uterine volume of < 350 cm3. Embolisation appears to be a good alternative to surgery, but longer follow up is required to evaluate the long term effects and to determine those patients for whom the procedure is suitable.
Glycosylation and proteinase‐activated receptor function (2003)

Abstract N ‐linked glycosylation is a post‐translational modification that enables the cell to regulate protein function without recourse to the genome. The Proteinase‐Activated Receptors (PAR) each possesses a number of N ‐linked glycosylation sites on their extracellular domains. However, little is currently known about the relative glycosylation status of each family member and about the influence that glycosylation may confer on receptor function. Interestingly, each PAR possesses an N ‐linked glycosylation site in close proximity to the cleavage/activation site on the receptor N‐terminus. Recent studies focusing on PAR 2 have pointed out a role for glycosylation on the N‐terminus in influencing receptor activation. Consequently, shifts in tissue and/or cell glycosylation patterns in health and disease could play an important role in regulating PAR function. Drug Dev. Res. 59:350–354, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overcoming obstacles to the effective immunotherapy of human cancer (2008)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Redesigning symmetry‐related “mini‐core” regions of FGF‐1 to increase primary structure symmetry: Thermodynamic and functional consequences of structural symmetry (2005)

Previous reports detailing mutational effects within the hydrophobic core of human acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) have shown that a symmetric primary structure constraint is compatible with a stably folded protein. In the present report, we investigate symmetrically related pairs of buried hydrophobic residues in FGF-1 (termed "mini-cores") that are not part of the central core. The effect upon the stability and function of FGF-1 mutations designed to increase primary structure symmetry within these "mini-core" regions was evaluated. At symmetry-related positions 22, 64, and 108, the wild-type protein contains either Tyr or Phe side chains. The results show that either residue can be readily accommodated at these positions. At symmetry-related positions 42, 83, and 130, the wild-type protein contains either Cys or Ile side chains. While positions 42 and 130 can readily accommodate either Cys or Ile side chains, position 83 is substantially destabilized by substitution by Ile. Tertiary structure asymmetry in the vicinity of position 83 appears responsible for the inability to accommodate an Ile side chain at this position, and is known to contribute to functional half-life. A mutant form of FGF-1 with enforced primary structure symmetry at positions 22, 64, and 108 (all Tyr) and 42, 83, and 130 (all Cys) is shown to be more stable than the reference FGF-1 protein. The results support the hypothesis that a symmetric primary structure within a symmetric protein superfold represents a solution to achieving a foldable, stable polypeptide, and highlight the role that function may play in the evolution of asymmetry within symmetric superfolds.
Binding of nuclear factor EF-C to a functional domain of the hepatitis B virus enhancer region. (1989)

Nuclear factor EF-C is present in extracts prepared from human HepG2 liver cells and from other, nonliver cell lines and binds to the hepatitis B virus and polyomavirus transcriptional enhancer regions in vitro. An inverted repeat (5'-GTTGCNNNGCAAC-3') is located within both binding regions. Diethyl pyrocarbonate interference binding assays and competition binding experiments using altered binding sites demonstrated that EF-C contacts symmetrical nucleotides within the inverted repeat. Mutations that changed the length of the spacer region between the arms of the inverted repeat were introduced in the hepatitis enhancer region. Introduction of 1 or 2 base pairs between the repeats did not affect EF-C binding, but deletion of 1 base pair or introduction of 3 to 9 base pairs reduced binding dramatically. Introduction of 10 base pairs restored partial EF-C binding ability. These and other results suggest that EF-C binding is stabilized by dimerization. In vivo assays for enhancer function using these mutants demonstrated that the EF-C binding site is a functional and important component of the hepatitis B virus enhancer region.
Synthesis of deuterated mosapride citrate (1995)

Abstract The deuterium labeled form of mosapride citrate, a potential gastroprokinetic agent, was prepared via reduction of ethyl 4‐(4‐fluorobenzyl)‐2‐morpholinecarboxylate (4) with lithium borodeuteride.
MTHFD 1958G>A and MTR 2756A>G polymorphisms are associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (2007)

Since MTHFD and MTR genes are located in 14q24 and 1q43 loci, our findings support the significance of chromosomes 14q and 1q in etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
A network-conscious approach to end-to-end video delivery over wide area networks using proxy servers (2002)

In this paper we present a novel network-conscious approach to the problem of end-to-end video delivery over wide-area networks using proxy servers situated between local-area networks (LANs) and a backbone wide-area network (WAN). We develop a novel and effective video delivery technique called video staging via intelligent utilization of the disk bandwidth and storage space available at proxy servers. We also design several video staging methods and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing the backbone WAN bandwidth requirement. Our results demonstrate that the proposed proxy-server-based, network-conscious approach provides an effective and scalable solution to the problem of the end-to-end video delivery over wide-area networks.
A Comparison of Collagen and PTFE Patch Repair in a Rabbit Model of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (2000)

The use of prosthetic material in severe cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia is complicated by infection, bowel adhesion, and patch dehiscence. We hypothesized that a bioprosthetic collagen patch would reduce these complications and be remodeled into autogenous tissue over a short period of time. Thirty-two New Zealand White rabbits had two 2 x 2-cm left diaphragmatic defects created. One of these defects was repaired with a collagen bioprosthetic patch (n = 20) and the other with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch (n = 20). Members of a control group (n = 12) had their defects closed primarily. The animals were then placed in either a 6- or 12-week survival cohort. At necrosectomy the repairs were assessed histologically, graded for adhesion formation, and tensiometrically tested. The PTFE patch was noted to have a significantly higher average adhesion grade than the collagen patch. The tensile strength of the two repair methods was statistically equivalent at both time intervals. On histologic examination the collagen patches were surrounded by an increased number of macrophages and fibroblasts. The PTFE patch exhibited no neovascularization or fibroblast deposition at the periphery, but had a much greater surrounding inflammatory response. Thus, there was evidence of early remodeling of the collagen with no increase in the amount of adhesions or loss of strength when compared to the PTFE, while the PTFE patches exhibited a more severe grade of adhesions.
α-GlcNAc Thioconjugates (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTα-GlcNAc ThioconjugatesSpencer Knapp and David S. MyersView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087 [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 10, 3636–3638Publication Date (Web):April 26, 2001Publication History Received23 January 2001Published online26 April 2001Published inissue 1 May 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo010088ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo010088ebrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views874Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,Organic compounds,Phosphates Get e-Alerts
Modulation and Coding Study for the Advanced Narrowband Digital Voice Terminal. (1978)

A study was performed of modulation and coding techniques to support development of specifications for an advanced narrowband digital voice terminal. Emphasis was on the development of a signal design for HF radio transmissions. The results indicate that transmission channel effects can be significantly reduced by the application of forward acting error correction coding to the most sensitive bits of the digital voice signal. A recommendation is made to use the Golay (24, 12) code, with soft decision decoding, to protect 44 percent of each frame of data generated by a linear predictive encoder. This would result in a transmission rate of 3466.6 bps for an input of 2400 bps using multi-tone four phase differentially coherent phase shift keying. (Author)
Fluorescence Spectroscopic Profiling of Compound Libraries (2008)

Chromo/fluorophoric properties often accompany the heterocyclic scaffolds and impurities that comprise libraries used for high-throughput screening (HTS). These properties affect assay outputs obtained with optical detection, thus complicating analysis and leading to false positives and negatives. Here, we report the fluorescence profile of more than 70,000 samples across spectral regions commonly utilized in HTS. The quantitative HTS paradigm was utilized to test each sample at seven or more concentrations over a 4-log range in 1,536-well format. Raw fluorescence was compared with fluorophore standards to compute a normalized response as a function of concentration and spectral region. More than 5% of library members were brighter than the equivalent of 10 nM 4-methyl umbelliferone, a common UV-active probe. Red-shifting the spectral window by as little as 100 nm was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in autofluorescence. Native compound fluorescence, fluorescent impurities, novel fluorescent compounds, and the utilization of fluorescence profiling data are discussed.
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide is a Potent Vasodilator in Humans (1992)

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology™ is a peer reviewed, multidisciplinary journal that publishes original articles and pertinent review articles on basic and clinical aspects of cardiovascular pharmacology. Appropriate subjects include new drug development and evaluation, physiological and pharmacological bases of drug action, metabolism, drug interactions and side effects, clinical results with new and established agents and novel methods. The focus is on pharmacology in its broadest applications, incorporating not only traditional approaches, but new approaches to the development of pharmacological agents and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Development of an artificial antibody system with multiple valency using an Fv fragment fused to a fragment of protein A. (1993)

In antigen-antibody interactions, the high avidity of antibodies for their specific antigens can be achieved both by exploiting the high affinity of each binding site and by multivalence of antibodies. In this study, we developed artificial antibodies with multiple valency. The Fv fragments of an antibody fused with one and with two domains of the Fc-binding protein A from Staphylococcus aureus (designated Fv-P and Fv-PP, respectively) were expressed in secreted forms in Escherichia coli. Their physical characteristics were examined. The Fv portions of Fv-P and Fv-PP had virtually the same affinity for the antigen as that of the original Fv molecules, and each protein A-derived domain could be bound to IgG. When Fv-P was mixed with IgG, the complex formed was composed of two Fv-P molecules and one IgG molecule. In the case of Fv-PP, a complex composed of three Fv-PP molecules and two IgG molecules was preferentially formed. Analysis of surface plasmon resonance in a BIAcore system indicated multivalency of these complexes for antigens. There was 3.5-fold decrease in the dissociation constant of the complex between Fv-PP and the antigen upon the addition of IgG. The use of these complexes as reagents in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting gave much stronger signals than Fv, Fv-P, and Fv-PP alone.
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Rapidly Solidified Mg-X Alloys (2000)

We have investigated the structure and mechanical properties of binary Mg-X (X=Al, Ca, Li or Zn) melt-spun ribbons in n as-quenched and annealed states as the first step of the development of alloy compositions for new Mg-based rapidly solidified powder metallurgy (RS P/M) alloys. The amorphous Mg 90 Ca 10 and Mg 70 Zn 30 (at%) alloys exhibited high specific tensile strength of more than 2.5 X 10 5 Nm/kg and good bending ductility. Solid solubility extension was observed in Mg-Ca, Mg-Li and Mg-Zn RS alloys. The solid solution had a ductile nature for the Mg-Al and Mg-Zn RS alloys, while brittle for the Mg-Ca and Mg-Li RS alloys. The Mg-Ca and Mg-Zn RS alloys exhibited an abrup increase in hardness by small addition of the alloying elements. The Mg 94 Al 6 , Mg 90 Al 10 , Mg 98 Ca 2 and Mg 98 Zn 2 RS alloys exhibited both high hardness and good bending ductility after annealing. It is expected that new magnesium RS alloys will be developed hereafter on the basis of these data.
Web Spoofing: An Internet Con Game (1997)

Web spoofing allows an attacker to create a “shadow copy” of the entire World Wide Web. Accesses to the shadow Web are funneled through the attacker’s machine, allowing the attacker to monitor all of the victim’s activities including any passwords or account numbers the victim enters. The attacker can also cause false or misleading data to be sent to Web servers in the victim’s name, or to the victim in the name of any Web server. In short, the attacker observes and controls everything the victim does on the Web.