gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Historical Aspects of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1988)

Ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis (Crohn's disease), probably first appeared as isolated cases, several centuries ago; but not until the latter half of the 19th century did their clinical presentation attract medical interest as definable entities. This review of the early medical literature reveals a surprising number of reports of inflammatory bowel disease consistent with present descriptions of these conditions. As with other diseases, the steadily increasing numbers of patients with ulcerative colitis during the first third of the 20th century and of patients with regional enteritis during the latter two thirds of the century follows a familiar pattern encountered with diseases wherein environmental factors play a pathogenetic role. The early history of ulcerative colitis is lost in the complex mixture of infectious colitides, only partially unraveled in the past 100 years. The early history of regional enteritis probably is linked with the numerous European and American reports of tumor-like granulomas of the small intestine, initially regarded as neoplastic lesions requiring surgical removal. It now seems possible that physicians over a period of several centuries may have encountered these conditions but were not in a position to appreciate their uniqueness. The careful accounts of many authors, especially Morgagni (1761), Wilks (1859), Fenwick (1889), Dalziel (1913) and of Crohn, Ginzburg, and Oppenheimer (1932) of then obscure intestinal inflammatory processes thus re-emphasizes the importance of meticulous clinical and pathological descriptions in the subsequent elucidation of obscure disorders. If the course of ulcerative colitis and of Crohn's disease follow the historical pattern of other once important and later disappearing human illnesses, we may have reason to anticipate clarification of their etiology and possible relationship in the not too distant future.
Treatment With Growth Hormone Enhances Contractile Reserve and Intracellular Calcium Transients in Myocytes From Rats With Postinfarction Heart Failure (1999)

Calcium-dependent contractile reserve is depressed in myocytes from rats with postinfarction heart failure. Long-term growth hormone therapy increases contractile reserve by restoring normal augmentation of systolic [Ca2+]i in myocytes from rats with postinfarction heart failure.
Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: nutrition or pharmacology? (2012)

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are n-3 fatty acids found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. These fatty acids are able to inhibit partly a number of aspects of inflammation including leucocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and leucocyte-endothelial adhesive interactions, production of eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid, production of inflammatory cytokines and T cell reactivity. In parallel, EPA gives rise to eicosanoids that often have lower biological potency than those produced from arachidonioc acid and EPA and DHA give rise to anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving resolvins and protectins. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of n-3 fatty acids include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, disruption of lipid rafts, inhibition of activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B so reducing expression of inflammatory genes, activation of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor NR1C3 (i.e. peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ) and binding to the G protein coupled receptor GPR120. These mechanisms are interlinked. In adult humans, an EPA plus DHA intake greater than 2 g day⁻¹ seems to be required to elicit anti-inflammatory actions, but few dose finding studies have been performed. Animal models demonstrate benefit from n-3 fatty acids in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Clinical trials of fish oil in patients with RA demonstrate benefit supported by meta-analyses of the data. Clinical trails of fish oil in patients with IBD and asthma are inconsistent with no overall clear evidence of efficacy.
Quantification of hemoglobin variants by capillary isoelectric focusing (1994)

Capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) was used to identify and quantify major and minor hemoglobin (Hb) variants. Whole blood (approximately 10 microL required) hemolysate was analyzed with a commercial instrument equipped with a 50 microns (i.d.) x 27 cm coated capillary filled with 20 g/L ampholytes (pH 6-8) in 4 g/L methylcellulose (MC). Cathode and anode solutions were 20 mol/L NaOH and 100 mol/L H3PO4 in MC, respectively. Samples (approximately 40 nL) were applied via autosampler by low-pressure injection, focused for 3 min at 30 kV, and mobilized by simultaneous voltage and low pressure past the detector, where absorbance at 415 nm was analyzed by an automated data acquisition system. Blood from subjects with sickle cell trait, Hb S/C disease, and various beta-thalassemias were analyzed by cIEF in < 15 min. cIEF was used to separate Hb S from Hb D-Los Angeles. Assay precision determined with commercial controls gave CV < 2% for Hb A and S, and 1-11% for minor Hb variants A2, F, and A1c. Results obtained by cIEF for patients' samples agreed well with values determined by conventional assays (r2 > 0.95). The results demonstrate that cIEF is a rapid, sensitive, high-resolution automated method for routine quantitative clinical analysis of Hb variants.
Presence of DNA Fragmentation and Lack of Neuroprotective Effect in DFF45 Knockout Mice Subjected to Traumatic Brain Injury (2001)

The results of this study suggest that, in addition to DFF45/40, other endonucleases may be essential for chromatin degradation during neuronal apoptosis in adult brain after TBI.
Ionic Mechanisms of Neuronal Excitation by Inhibitory GABA A Receptors (1995)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors are the principal mediators of synaptic inhibition, and yet when intensely activated, dendritic GABAA receptors excite rather than inhibit neurons. The membrane depolarization mediated by GABAA receptors is a result of the differential, activity-dependent collapse of the opposing concentration gradients of chloride and bicarbonate, the anions that permeate the GABAA ionophore. Because this depolarization diminishes the voltage-dependent block of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor by magnesium, the activity-dependent depolarization mediated by GABA is sufficient to account for frequency modulation of synaptic NMDA receptor activation. Anionic gradient shifts may represent a mechanism whereby the rate and coherence of synaptic activity determine whether dendritic GABAA receptor activation is excitatory or inhibitory.
Immunotherapeutic Potential of CpG Oligonucleotides in Chickens (2009)

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs activate innate and adaptive immune responses in numerous vertebrate species. The protective effects of CpG ODN against viral, bacterial and protozoal pathogens have been well documented in various mouse models of disease. CpG ODN are also being evaluated in humans as an immunotherapeutic agent against infectious diseases, cancer, allergy and as a vaccine adjuvant. In species of veterinary importance where the immune activity of CpG ODN has been investigated, CpG ODN has shown the greatest potential in chickens, as indicated by its protective effects against experimental bacterial infections. Surprisingly, chicken do not appear to express Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), the receptor that is involved in CpG-mediated immune activation in humans and many animal species. We will review progress on CpG research with particular emphasis on avian species.
A1298C polymorphism in the MTHFRgene predisposes to cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis (2010)

Our results show that the MTHFR 1298 A>C gene polymorphism confers an increased risk for subclinical atherosclerosis and CV events in patients with RA.
Volatile compounds from garlic (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolatile compounds from garlicTung Hsi Yu, Chung May Wu, and Yoh Cherng LiouCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 3, 725–730Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00087a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1531Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Systemic Anti-CD25 Monoclonal Antibody Administration Safely Enhances Immunity in Murine Glioma without Eliminating Regulatory T Cells (2006)

Systemic anti-CD25 administration does not entirely eliminate T(regs) but does prevent T(reg) function. This leads to safe enhancement of tumor immunity in a murine glioma model that recapitulates the tumor-induced changes to the CD4 and T(reg) compartments seen in patients with malignant glioma.
Electronic Transport through Carbon Nanotubes: Effects of Structural Deformation and Tube Chirality (2002)

Atomistic simulations using a combination of classical force field and density-functional theory (DFT) show that carbon atoms remain essentially sp(2) coordinated in either bent tubes or tubes pushed by an atomically sharp atomic-force microscope (AFM) tip. Subsequent Green's-function-based transport calculations reveal that for armchair tubes there is no significant drop in conductance, while for zigzag tubes the conductance can drop by several orders of magnitude in AFM-pushed tubes. The effect can be attributed to simple stretching of the tube under tip deformation, which opens up an energy gap at the Fermi surface.
Reduction of ciliary beat frequency in vitro by sputum from patients with bronchiectasis: a serine proteinase effect. (1984)

We have examined the effect of adding elastase positive sputum from six patients with purulent bronchiectasis on the ciliary beat frequency of nasal epithelium from normal subjects. Control studies of cilia suspended in tissue culture medium showed little change in ciliary beat frequency over six hours. Cilia incubated in elastase positive secretions, however, showed a considerable decrease in ciliary beat frequency over the period, falling from a mean of 13 X 40 beats/second to 6 X 78 beats/second (p less than 0.001). Inhibition of the elastase activity with pure human alpha 1 antitrypsin abolished this effect (mean at start 13 X 75 beats/second, mean at six hours 11 X 64 beats/second). The patients were then treated with amoxycillin for two weeks and sputum was collected at the end of the course. These secretions showed no detectable elastase activity and also had little effect on ciliary beat frequency. The results suggest that serine proteinase activity associated with elastase can decrease mucociliary function in vitro and that antibiotic treatment even in the apparently stable state may have a beneficial effect.
Acquired Resistance to Crizotinib from a Mutation in CD74–ROS1 (2013)

Crizotinib, an inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), has also recently shown efficacy in the treatment of lung cancers with ROS1 translocations. Resistance to crizotinib developed in a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma harboring a CD74-ROS1 rearrangement who had initially shown a dramatic response to treatment. We performed a biopsy of a resistant tumor and identified an acquired mutation leading to a glycine-to-arginine substitution at codon 2032 in the ROS1 kinase domain. Although this mutation does not lie at the gatekeeper residue, it confers resistance to ROS1 kinase inhibition through steric interference with drug binding. The same resistance mutation was observed at all the metastatic sites that were examined at autopsy, suggesting that this mutation was an early event in the clonal evolution of resistance. (Funded by Pfizer and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00585195.).
Emerging Principles for the Therapeutic Exploitation of Glycosylation (2014)

Glycosylation plays a key role in a wide range of biological processes. Specific modification to a glycan's structure can directly modulate its biological function. Glycans are not only essential to glycoprotein folding, cellular homeostasis, and immune regulation but are involved in multiple disease conditions. An increased molecular and structural understanding of the mechanistic role that glycans play in these pathological processes has driven the development of therapeutics and illuminated novel targets for drug design. This knowledge has enabled the treatment of metabolic disorders and the development of antivirals and shaped cancer and viral vaccine strategies. Furthermore, an understanding of glycosylation has led to the development of specific drug glycoforms, for example, monoclonal antibodies, with enhanced potency.
Automated control for elastic storage (2010)

Elasticity - where systems acquire and release resources in response to dynamic workloads, while paying only for what they need - is a driving property of cloud computing. At the core of any elastic system is an automated controller. This paper addresses elastic control for multi-tier application services that allocate and release resources in discrete units, such as virtual server instances of predetermined sizes. It focuses on elastic control of the storage tier, in which adding or removing a storage node or "brick" requires rebalancing stored data across the nodes. The storage tier presents new challenges for elastic control: actuator delays (lag) due to rebalancing, interference with applications and sensor measurements, and the need to synchronize the multiple control elements, including rebalancing.
Laser capture microdissection-based expression profiling identifies PD1-ligand as a target of the nude locus gene product (2001)

T cell development requires the interaction of developing thymocytes with thymic epithelial cells. Thymic epithelial cells acquire their unique phenotype under the control of the winged-helix transcription factor Whn, which is lacking in the nude mouse. Whn-dependent genes may therefore be important regulators of lympho-epithelial interactions. To identify Whn target genes we isolated RNA populations of wild-type and nude thymic anlagen from embryonic day 12.5 embryos by laser capture microdissection and compared them by gene expression profiling on microarrays representing 22,000 transcripts. All cDNA with expression differences confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR using RNA from individual anlagen and by in situ hybridization were found to be present in wild-type and absent in nude samples. Three of eight confirmed transcripts were of hematopoietic origin; these transcripts emanate from hematopoietic precursors which have just entered the thymic anlage. Five transcripts were of epithelial origin; one of these corresponds to the recently identified PD-1 ligand (PD-L1), the receptor of which is known to modulate positive selection and to play a role in the control of autoimmunity, and the remaining transcripts code for novel genes. The presented results support our prediction that this systematic approach by gene expression profiling yields regulators of thymopoiesis.
Intestinal peptide YY: ontogeny of gene expression in rat bowel and trophic actions on rat and mouse bowel (1995)

The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to characterize the profile of colonic peptide YY (PYY) gene expression in rats and 2) to examine for potential trophic effects of PYY on the intestine in rats and mice. Expression of PYY mRNA (analyzed by Northern blotting and in situ hybridization) and PYY (analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay) was detected initially at day 17 of gestation in colonic extracts of Sprague-Dawley and Fischer rats. Expression of colonic PYY mRNA increased until 7 days of age and remained at its highest level (approximately twofold greater than the adult level) through the end of the nursing period. After weaning (21 days of age), PYY mRNA levels declined quickly to adult levels. Colonic PYY concentrations followed, in a coordinated manner, with some temporal delay after birth, the increase and decrease of its mRNA. Administration of PYY increased the weight and DNA content of the duodenum significantly in nursing rats and adult mice. In mice, PYY treatment also increased weight and DNA content of the ileum and colon. The trophic effects of PYY were dose related, peptide specific, and independent of species and sex. From these findings, we hypothesize that PYY plays an important role in intestinal development and dietary adaptation.
The UK Biobank sample handling and storage protocol for the collection, processing and archiving of human blood and urine (2008)

The sample handling and storage protocol adopted by UK Biobank provides quality assured and validated methods that are feasible within the available funding and reflect the size and aims of the project. Experience from recruiting and processing the first 40,000 participants to the study demonstrates that the adopted methods and technologies are fit-for-purpose and robust.
Cd4+Cd25+ Immune Regulatory Cells Are Required for Induction of Tolerance to Alloantigen via Costimulatory Blockade (2001)

Immune regulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) cells play a vital role in the induction and maintenance of self-tolerance and are essential for T cell homeostasis and the prevention of autoimmunity. Induction of tolerance to allogeneic donor grafts is a clinically desirable goal in bone marrow and solid organ transplantation. To determine whether CD4(+)CD25(+) cells regulate T cell responses to alloantigen and are critical for tolerance induction, murine CD4(+) T cells were tolerized to alloantigen via ex vivo CD40 ligand (CD40L)/CD40 or CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4/B7 blockade resulting in secondary mixed leukocyte reaction hyporesponsiveness and tolerance to alloantigen in vivo. CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were found to be potent regulators of alloresponses. Depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from the CD4(+) responder population completely abrogated ex vivo tolerance induction to alloantigen as measured by intact responses to alloantigen restimulation in vitro and in vivo. Addback of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells to CD4(+)CD25(-) cultures restored tolerance induction. These data are the first to indicate that CD4(+)CD25(+) cells are essential for the induction of tolerance to alloantigen and have important implications for tolerance-inducing strategies targeted at T cell costimulatory pathways.
Expression of mitochondrial Apo2.7 molecules and caspase‐3 activation in human lymphocytes treated with the ribosome‐inhibiting mistletoe lectins and the cell membrane permeabilizing viscotoxins (1999)

Background: It is unclear whether expression of newly described mitochondrial Apo2.7 molecules (7A6 antigen) is specific for apoptosis or may also occur in necrosis. Methods: We incubated human lymphocytes with the apoptosis-inducing mistletoe lectin (ML) I and the cell membrane-permeabilizing viscotoxins (VT), and measured cell death-associated changes by flow cytometry. Results: In ML I-treated lymphocytes, Apo2.7 expression and caspase-3 activation was recognized within 24 h. In VT-treated cells, we observed an Apo2.7 expression with low fluorescence level, while active caspase-3 and DNA fragments (TUNEL) were not detected within 24 h. In these cells, caspase-3 activation was recognized 48 h later. As a major subset of ML-treated cells expressing Apo2.7 molecules did not activated caspase-3, while all caspase-3+ cells did express Apo2.7, one may suggest that the caspase pathway is activated secondarily to mitochondrial events. Conclusions: Expression of Apo2.7 is sensitive marker of cell death but may not be specific for apoptosis alone as it can be detected also in cells treated with cell membrane-permeabilizing toxins. On the other hand, this expression may be the consequence of an induction of distinct “death signals” resulting in apoptosis later on. Cytometry 37:133–139, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Technical Variations in Low-Input RNA-seq Methodologies (2014)

Recent advances in RNA-seq methodologies from limiting amounts of mRNA have facilitated the characterization of rare cell-types in various biological systems. So far, however, technical variations in these methods have not been adequately characterized, vis-à-vis sensitivity, starting with reduced levels of mRNA. Here, we generated sequencing libraries from limiting amounts of mRNA using three amplification-based methods, viz. Smart-seq, DP-seq and CEL-seq, and demonstrated significant technical variations in these libraries. Reduction in mRNA levels led to inefficient amplification of the majority of low to moderately expressed transcripts. Furthermore, noise in primer hybridization and/or enzyme incorporation was magnified during the amplification step resulting in significant distortions in fold changes of the transcripts. Consequently, the majority of the differentially expressed transcripts identified were either high-expressed and/or exhibited high fold changes. High technical variations ultimately masked subtle biological differences mandating the development of improved amplification-based strategies for quantitative transcriptomics from limiting amounts of mRNA.
The OX40 Axis is Associated with Both Systemic and Local Involvement in Atopic Dermatitis (2020)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, or chronically relapsing, inflammatory skin disease associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis, and is dominated by Th2 cells. The co-stimulatory T-cell receptor OX40 and its ligand, OX40L, play a central role in the pathogenesis of AD, as their interactions are crucial for the generation of TH2 memory cells. Using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and flow cytometry on blood samples from patients with AD and healthy volunteers, this study shows that the serum level of soluble (s) OX40 is decreased in patients with AD, and the expression of OX40 by activated skin-homing CD4+ T cells is increased. This study further shows, using immunofluorescence on skin biopsies, that OX40+ and OX40L+ cells are co-located within the dermis, indicating local activity of OX40/OX40L. Serum levels of sOX40 were associated with atopic diseases and, together, these results support that the OX40 system is important for chronic inflammation in AD skin.
Defining Pseudoarthrosis in the Cervical Spine With Differing Motion Thresholds (2005)

The apparent pseudarthrosis rate was highly dependent on the threshold of motion used to define a pseudarthrosis.