gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Through recessed and regrowth gate technology for realizing process stability of GaN-GITs (2016)

A new gate recess process technology has been implemented in normally off GaN based gate injection transistors (GITs) on Si substrate, in order to realize the process stability. In this process, compared to conventional recessed gate structure, the AlGaN barrier is fully removed in the gate region and then AlGaN is reproduced by epitaxial regrowth for the first time. By using this technology, standard deviation of Vth improves drastically from 229 mV to 63 mV on 6-inch substrate. And Vth is easily controlled from 1.0 to 2.3 V by changing the regrowth AlGaN thickness, without changing other DC characteristics and their distributions.
Assessing planning ability with the Tower of London task: Psychometric properties of a structurally balanced problem set. (2011)

In clinical and experimental settings, planning ability is typically assessed using the Tower of London (ToL) or one of its variants. For enhancing the comparability across studies, a common ToL problem set was recently suggested comprising a collection of 4- to 7-move problems. Based on previous theoretical and empirical analyses of problem space and task structure, development of the problem set accounted particularly for the influence of structural problem parameters on the detection of individual differences in planning ability. To assess its adequacy as a clinical and research instrument, the present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the suggested problem set. Results showed a clear and nearly perfect linear increase of task difficulty across minimum moves. Given a broad range of item difficulty, high- and low-achieving subjects could be well discriminated. The test scores' split-half reliability (r = .72) and internal consistency (α = .69) were satisfactory. Taken together, the ToL problem set evaluated here proved to have good psychometric qualities and constitutes a conceptually sound basis for diagnostic and research purposes.
Lamellipodin proline rich peptides associated with native plasma butyrylcholinesterase tetramers (2008)

BChE (butyrylcholinesterase) protects the cholinergic nervous system from organophosphorus nerve agents by scavenging these toxins. Recombinant human BChE produced from transgenic goat to treat nerve agent intoxication is currently under development. The therapeutic potential of BChE relies on its ability to stay in the circulation for a prolonged period, which in turn depends on maintaining tetrameric quaternary configuration. Native human plasma BChE consists of 98% tetramers and has a half-life (t((1/2))) of 11-14 days. BChE in the neuromuscular junctions and the central nervous system is anchored to membranes through interactions with ColQ (AChE-associated collagen tail protein) and PRiMA (proline-rich membrane anchor) proteins containing proline-rich domains. BChE prepared in cell culture is primarily monomeric, unless expressed in the presence of proline-rich peptides. We hypothesized that a poly-proline peptide is an intrinsic component of soluble plasma BChE tetramers, just as it is for membrane-bound BChE. We found that a series of proline-rich peptides was released from denatured human and horse plasma BChE. Eight peptides, with masses from 2072 to 2878 Da, were purified by HPLC and sequenced by electrospray ionization tandem MS and Edman degradation. All peptides derived from the same proline-rich core sequence PSPPLPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPLP (mass 2663 Da) but varied in length at their N- and C-termini. The source of these peptides was identified through database searching as RAPH1 [Ras-associated and PH domains (pleckstrin homology domains)-containing protein 1; lamellipodin, gi:82581557]. A proline-rich peptide of 17 amino acids derived from lamellipodin drove the assembly of human BChE secreted from CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cells into tetramers. We propose that the proline-rich peptides organize the 4 subunits of BChE into a 340 kDa tetramer, by interacting with the C-terminal BChE tetramerization domain.
Integrating bridges and routers in a large internetwork (1988)

A review is presented of the principal functional characteristics of routers and bridges, particularly as they relate to the construction of large-scale internetworks. The discussion of bridges covers filtering performance, forwarding performance, packet latency, adaptability, internetwork topology, network management, security transparency, and multiway and fault-tolerant bridges. The discussion of routers covers network layer protocols, internetwork size, static versus dynamic routing, routing information updates, network management, routing optimizations, session survivability, contamination containment, routing optimization, and load sharing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Metal gate strained silicon MOSFETs for microwave integrated circuits (2002)

In this work a III-V MODFET fabrication process has been adapted to fabricate metal gate silicon based MOSFETs. A range of MOSFETs with gate lengths varying from 1 /spl mu/m to 120 nm were fabricated and all showed good transistor action. The gate metal was Ti/Pd/Au 200 nm thick and both pyramidal and T shaped gates were fabricated. The parasitic gate-source capacitance was reduced by using a spin on dielectric. The strained silicon MOSFETs with rectangular 0.3 /spl mu/m Ti/Pd/Au gates had measured f/sub T/ and f/sub max/, of 11 GHz and 12 GHz respectively. By de-embedding the parasitic pad capacitance the intrinsic f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ are 20 GHz and 21 GHz.
Immunomolecular Mechanisms in Mammalian Implantation (1994)

We identified the TTK-1 cell line to be a human large granular lymphocyte (LGL)/natural killer (NK) cell line from bone marrow or lymphoid tissue. This cell line expressed laminin on the cell surface and secreted interleukin-3 (IL-3) into culture supernatant in addition to immunosuppressive factors. We also revealed that cytokines of the colony stimulating factor (CSF) family essential for the proliferation and differentiation of trophoblast cells were generated in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and the trophoblast cell line could be established by adding the products of MLR to the culture. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of cytokines of the recombinant human (rh) CSF family including IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF), macrophage-CSF (M-CSF) and granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) on the spontaneous abortion prone mice were examined. The results demonstrated that each cytokine definitely responded to the increase in placental and fetal weight and the incidence of fetal resorption in various ways.
p53 autoantibodies in the sera, cyst and ascitic fluids of patients with ovarian cancer. (1998)

The presence of p53 autoantibodies and p53 protein overexpression in ovarian carcinoma patients were determined and compared. p53 antibodies were detected in sera samples, cyst and/or ascitic fluids of individual patients by two separate techniques (ELISA assay and immunoblot). p53 protein accumulation was assessed immunohistochemically in tissue sections and corresponding tumor effusion cells. The relations between p53 overexpression, the presence of p53 autoantibodies and histology of tumors, grade of differentiation and clinical stage of the disease were considered. p53 expression was found in 20 of 46 (43.5%) ovarian carcinomas and significant relationship between p53 reactivity in tumor tissue and effusion cells in individual patients was evident. In the subset of carcinomas with detectable p53 accumulation only two cases (one serous, one endometrioid) were associated with the presence of p53 autoantibodies (10%). Among 26 p53- negative carcinomas also two cases (7.6%) were seropositive. The strong correlation between the presence of p53 autoantibodies in the sera and respective cyst or ascitic fluids were revealed with no exception of this coincidence. There was no association between the detection of antibodies against p53 and FIGO stage and tumor grade. Our results clearly indicate that p53 overexpression is not sufficient to elicit p53 humoral response in ovarian carcinoma patients. The presence of p53 autoantibodies in this type of cancer is not a frequent event and their importance as independent prognostic factor seems to be very limited.
Radiolocalization of xenografted human malignant melanoma by a monoclonal antibody (9.2.27) to a melanoma-associated antigen in nude mice. (1985)

A murine monoclonal antibody (9.2.27), directed to a Mr 250,000 glycoprotein-chondroitan sulfate proteoglycan complex, was radiolabeled with 125I and assessed for radiolocalization in tumor and normal tissues of normal and tumor-bearing nude mice. The 125I-9.2.27 localized in vivo preferentially in Mr 250,000 antigen-expressing human melanomas (FMX-Met, SESX) but not in low antigen-expressing tumors (LOX-L) xenografted in nude mice. The imaging index of tumor cells was positively correlated with the antigen density of the various melanoma cell lines as measured by flow cytometry. The nonspecific immunoglobulin RPC-5 of the same IgG2a subclass as 9.2.27 did not specifically localize to xenografts of melanoma. The total amount of 125I-9.2.27 accumulated in the tumor was directly correlated with tumor size. However, the specific radioactivity (cpm/g) in smaller tumors was higher than that in larger tumors. Nonspecific uptake and circulating antibody levels differed between normals and tumor-bearers. The organs of the reticuloendothelial system of normal mice accumulated more labeled antibody than did those of tumor bearers, and conversely, tumor bearers had higher levels of circulating labeled antibody in the blood than normals. The circulating labeled antibody in tumor bearers was still monomeric but had no detectable antigen-binding capacity.
Some New Bearings for the National Security Education Program, 1993-94 (1994)

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Acute fasting diminishes the circadian rhythm of biochemical markers of bone resorption (1999)

Food consumption has a small influence on the circadian variation in bone resorption, independent of PTH. The fall in iPTH during fasting may be secondary to an increased bone resorption produced by fasting.
Evasion from NK Cell Immunity by MHC Class I Chain-Related Molecules Expressing Colon Adenocarcinoma (2003)

Evasion of host immune responses is well documented for viruses and may also occur during tumor immunosurveillance. The mechanisms involve alterations in MHC class I expression, Ag processing and presentation, chemokine and cytokine production, and lymphocyte receptor expression. Epithelial tumors overexpress MHC class I chain-related (MIC) molecules, which are ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D on NK and T cells. We report that NK cells from patients with colorectal cancer lack expression of activating NKG2D and chemokine CXCR1 receptors, both of which are internalized. Serum levels of soluble MIC (sMIC) are elevated and are responsible for down-modulation of NKG2D and CXCR1. In contrast, high serum levels of CXC ligands, IL-8, and epithelial-neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78) do not down-modulate CXCR1. In vitro, internalization of NKG2D and CXCR1 occurs within 4 and 24 h, respectively, of incubating normal NK cells with sMIC-containing serum. Furthermore, natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44 and chemokine receptor CCR7 are also down-modulated in IL-2-activated NK cells cocultured in MIC-containing serum-an effect secondary to the down-modulation of NKG2D and not directly caused by physical association with sMIC. The patients' NK cells up-regulate expression of NKG2D, NKp44, CXCR1, and CCR7 when cultured in normal serum or anti-MIC Ab-treated autologous serum. NKG2D(+) but not NKG2D(-) NK cells are tumoricidal in vitro, and in vivo they selectively traffic to the xenografted carcinoma, form immunological synapse with tumor cells, and significantly retard tumor growth in the SCID mice. These results suggest that circulating sMIC in the cancer patients deactivates NK immunity by down-modulating important activating and chemokine receptors.
Predicting the Predisposition to Osteoporosis (1986)

A reliable predictive test to identify perimenopausal women who are vulnerable to the adverse effects of severe estrogen deficiency may be useful in deciding for whom and when to begin estrogen replacement therapy. Primate models were employed to determine whether short-term treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist allows prospective identification of individuals at greatest risk for a negative calcium balance during overt estrogen deficiency; whether high-dose clomiphene citrate is sufficiently estrogenic to abate urinary calcium loss and to sustain vaginal and perineal tissues after ovariectomy; and whether clomiphene citrate will provide these beneficial estrogenic effects without inducing endometrial proliferation and menstruation after progestin withdrawal. The data indicate the capability of short-term gonadotropin-releasing hormone-antagonist test to identify individuals likely to lose calcium rapidly after ovariectomy. This result has potential usefulness in the prediction of susceptibility to osteoporosis after medical castration or spontaneous menopause. At high doses, clomiphene citrate therapy was nearly as effective as high-dose conjugated equine estrogens for conservation of urinary calcium, yet clomiphene citrate did not cause endometrial proliferation or withdrawal bleeding after progesterone therapy.
Regulation of monocyte IL-10 synthesis by endogenous IL-1 and TNF-alpha: role of the p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases. (1998)

IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine with potent immunomodulatory effects, including inhibition of cytokine production. However, regulation of monocyte IL-10 production is poorly understood. In this report we have investigated the mechanisms of LPS-induced IL-10 production by human peripheral blood monocytes and demonstrate that IL-10 synthesis is uniquely dependent on the endogenous proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and/or TNF-alpha. LPS signal transduction in monocytes has been shown to involve activation of the p38 and p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. The results in this paper indicate that inhibition of p38 MAPK potently inhibited the production of IL-10, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha, whereas blockade of the p42/44 MAPK pathway, while partially inhibiting TNF-alpha and IL-1beta production, had no effect on monocyte secretion of IL-10. Furthermore, neither the inhibition of monocyte TNF-alpha induced by IL-10 nor the stimulation of soluble TNF receptor production was affected by inhibition of the p42/44 MAPK pathway, suggesting that this signaling event is not involved in either monocyte production of or anti-inflammatory responses to IL-10. These data raise the interesting possibility that proinflammatory TNF-alpha-mediated effects may be selectively blocked without modulating the induction or the response to IL-10, whereas the signaling events associated with the anti-inflammatory events induced by IL-10 remain to be elucidated.
MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 expressions in gastric carcinomas (2001)

Mucin expression is altered in gastric adenoma and carcinoma, and MUC1 mucin expression is significantly associated with poorer outcome in gastric carcinomas. A MUC1-negative plus p53-negative pattern or a MUC2-negative plus p53-positive pattern may predict outcome in patients with gastric carcinomas.
Reaction of human chymase with reactive site variants of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Modulation of inhibitor versus substrate properties. (1993)

Inhibition of human chymase by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin produces 3.5 mol of degraded inhibitor for every mol of chymase inhibited, resulting in a stoichiometry of inhibition (SI) of 4.5. In the present study, the substrate versus inhibitor properties of this reaction were examined further using wild type and mutant recombinant antichymotrypsins (rACT). Titration of chymase hydrolytic activity with rACT-L358 (wild type) and reactive site (P1) variants of ACT, L358W, L358M, and L358F revealed that the SI was sensitive to P1 residue replacements. SI values increased in the order of Trp < Met < Leu < Phe where SI values were 1.5, 2, 4, and 7, respectively. Chymase inhibitor complex and cleaved inhibitor were demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for all variants; the relative intensities of each band were consistent with SI values established by titration. NH2-terminal sequence analyses of the products formed in the reaction of chymase with rACT-L358F indicated that the P1-P1' bond was the primary site of cleavage resulting in the hydrolysis and inactivation of this variant. The apparent second-order rate constant for chymase inhibition (k'/[I]) by rACT also was affected by P1 substitution. k'/[I] values increased in an order opposite that obtained for SI values (Phe < Leu < Met < Trp). The reactive loop mutant (rACT-P3P3') produced by replacing the reactive site region of ACT (Thr356-Val361) with that of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (Ile356-Pro361) revealed a different reaction pattern. Although its SI was near 1, the value for k'/[I] was the lowest among variants. rACT-L358R, another P1 variant, did not inhibit chymase. These results are evaluated with respect to the substrate preferences of human chymase and with respect to partitioning schemes proposed to explain SI values greater than 1.
Submicron Sized Nb Doped Lithium Garnet for High Ionic Conductivity Solid Electrolyte and Performance of All Solid-State Lithium Battery (2019)

The garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) has been widely investigated because of its high conductivity, wide electrochemical window and chemical stability to lithium metal. However, the usual preparation process of LLZO requires a long time of high-temperature sintering and a lot of mother powders against the lithium evaporation. The submicron Li6.6La3Zr1.6Nb0.4O12 (LLZNO) powders are prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method and attrition milling process, which are stable cubic phase and have high sintering activity, and Li stoichiometric LLZNO ceramics are obtained by sintering at a relative lower temperature or for a short time by using these powders which are difficult to control under high sintering temperature and long sintering time. The particle size distribution, phase structure, microstructure, distribution of element, total ionic conductivity, relative density and activation energy of submicron LLZNO powders and LLZNO ceramics are tested and analyzed by laser diffraction particle size analyzer, XRD, SEM, EIS and Archimedean method. The total ionic conductivity of sample sintered at 1200 &amp;deg;C for 30 min is 5.09 &amp;times; 10-4 S&amp;middot;cm-1, the activation energy is 0.311 eV, and the relative density is 87.3%, and sintered at 1150 &amp;deg;C for 60 min total ionic conductivity is 3.49 &amp;times; 10-4 S&amp;middot;cm-1, the activation energy is 0.316 eV, and the relative density is 90.4%. At the same time, all-solid-state batteries are assembled with LiMn2O4 as positive electrode and submicron LLZNO powders as solid state electrolyte. After 50 cycles, the discharge specific capacity is 105.5 mAh/g and the columbic efficiency is above 95%.
A Repetitive Proline-Rich Protein from the Gymnosperm Douglas Fir Is a Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoprotein (1992)

Intact cell elution of suspension cultures derived from Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco, yielded two extensin monomers, the first hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) to be isolated from a gymnosperm. These HRGPs resolved on Superose-6 gel filtration. The smaller monomer was compositionally similar to angiosperm extensins like tomato P1. The larger monomer had a simple composition reminiscent of repetitive proline-rich proteins (RPRPs) from soybean cell walls and contained proline, hydroxyproline, and sugar; hence designated a proline-hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (PHRGP). The simple composition of the PHRGP implied a periodic structure which was confirmed by the simple chymotryptic map and 45-residue partial sequence of the major proline-hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein chymotryptide 5: Lys-Pro-Hyp-Val-Hyp-Val-Ile-Pro-Pro-Hyp-Val-Val-Lys-Pro-Hyp-Hyp-Val- Tyr-Lys-Pro-Hyp-Val-Hyp-Val-Ile-Pro-Pro-Hyp-Val-Val-Lys-Pro-Hyp-Hyp- Val-Tyr-Lys-Ile-Pro-Pro(Hyp)-Val-Ile-Lys-Pro. Proline-hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein chymotryptide 5 contained an 18-residue tandem repeat devoid of tetra(hydroxy)-proline or serine; it also contained two instances of the five-residue motif Hyp-Hyp-Val-Tyr-Lys and five of the general Pro-Pro-X-X-Lys motif, thereby establishing its homology with typical angiosperm RPRPs and extensins from tomato, petunia, carrot, tobacco, sugar beet, and Phaseolus. Unlike the nonglycosylated soybean RPRP, the highly purified Douglas fir PHRGP was lightly glycosylated, confirmed by a quantitative hydroxyproline glycoside profile, indicating that extensins can range from highly glycosylated hydroxyproline to little or no glycosylated hydroxyproline. Comparison of extensin sequence data strongly indicates that a major determinant of hydroxyproline glycosylation specificity is hydroxyproline contiguity: extensins with tetrahydroxyproline blocks are very highly arabinosylated (>90% hydroxyproline glycosylated), tri- and dihydroxyproline are less so, and single hydroxyproline residues perhaps not at all. Despite high yields of extensins eluted from intact cells, the Douglas fir cell wall itself was hydroxyproline poor yet remarkably rich in protein (>20%), again emphasizing the existence of other structural cell wall proteins that are neither HRGPs nor glycine-rich proteins.
Recognition of peptides corresponding to the joining region of p210BCR-ABL protein by human T cells. (1995)

In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) the proto-oncogene c-abl from chromosome 9 q34 is translocated to the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) gene on chromosome 22 q11. This translocation results in a BCR-ABL fusion gene, which encodes chimeric fusion oncoproteins p210BCR-ABL. Here we demonstrate that a peptide with joining region sequence ATGFKQSSKALQRPVAS (eight amino acids (aa) encoded by BCR exon 3; one novel lysine, encoded by the fusion codon; eight aa encoded by ABL exon 2) is immunogenic to human T cells. Primary immune response induction with this peptide resulted in a HLA DR2(DRB1*1501) restricted CD4+ BCR-ABL peptide specific T cell line P1. Responses of P1 were negatively affected by individual aa replacement by alanine at eight aa positions within the 17mer peptide (F4, K5, Q6, K9, L11, Q12, R13, P14). These findings were supported by experiments with a panel of overlapping 11mer b3a2 peptides. Only two of these peptides with an aa sequence encompassing all residues which could not be replaced by alanine induced P1 proliferation. Since presentation of cytosolic oncoproteins as peptides by DR molecules has been observed, the present findings provide a possible explanation for post interferon-alpha persisting remissions in spite of the presence of BCR-ABL PCR positive progenitors.
Expression of cystatins, high molecular weight cytokeratin, and proliferation markers in prostatic adenocarcinoma and hyperplasia (2003)

The results show that cystatin expression can be used as an aid in the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma and especially cystatin A in the distinction between high grade PIN and grade I carcinoma.