gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
“Quality of Life” for Patients with End-Stage Renal Failure (1991)

The assessment of health status and quality of life among chronically ill patients is an area of current scientific interest. This paper considers the utility of a short but comprehensive instrument to assess the quality of life for end-stage renal failure patients. the Spitzer QL-Index was completed by 8 nurses for all patients in the Wellington region currently being treated with home hemodialysis (n = 58); hospital hemodialysis (n = 13); and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (n = 37). Results indicated that home hemodialysis patients achieve the highest quality of life in comparison to the other two treatment modalities. It is concluded that the QL-Index has some discriminative validity for this patient population, and its use may contribute to informed decision making by both patients and doctors.
Neonatal parenteral nutrition: Review of the pharmacist role as a prescriber (2014)

Introduction: In the context of the continuous quest to improve the care of the neonates especially the critically ill premature, the extended role of pharmacists in the process of parenteral nutrition order writing and effective participation in decision-making especially in the neonatal population is increasingly important.
Graph-theoretic clustering for image grouping and retrieval (2003)

Image retrieval algorithms are generally based on the assumption that visually similar images are located close to each other in the feature space. Since the feature vectors usually exist in a very high dimensional space, a parametric characterization of their distribution is impossible, so non-parametric approaches, like the k-nearest neighbor search, are used for retrieval. This paper introduces a graph-theoretic approach for image retrieval by formulating the database search as a graph clustering problem by using a constraint that retrieved images should be consistent with each other (close in the feature space) as well as being individually similar (close) to the query image. The experiments that compare retrieval precision with and without clustering showed an average precision of 0.76 after clustering, which is an improvement by 5.56% over the average precision before clustering.
Mode transforming properties of tapered single-mode fiber microlenses (1993)

The Gaussian approximation that is typically used to estimate single-mode fiber microlens performance is investigated. It is applied to hemispheric lenses on two types of tapered single-mode fiber. Theoretical and experimental results are compared. The first type of taper, which is fabricated by pulling a fiber while it is melted, has a tapered core and a tapered cladding. The second type of taper, which is fabricated by etching the cladding, has a tapered cladding only. For a tapered-core fiber, coupling to the cladding-guided modes and the finite radius of curvature of the wave front before the lens must be considered to predict the lens spot size accurately, whereas the spot size of a tapered-cladding lens can be predicted from the lens diameter alone. Thus the spot size of a lens on a tapered-cladding fiber is easier to predict and control than that of a lens on a tapered-core fiber. It is also shown that the usual theory used to predict the spot size gives accepted values for tapered-cladding lenses but not for tapered-core lenses.
Sugar and selected amino acid influences on the structure of pyrazines in microwave heat‐treated formulations (2005)

Abstract The amount and type of selected sugars and selected amino acids have been shown to significantly impact the structure of headspace‐volatile pyrazines produced in aqueous microwave heat‐treated formulations. Selection of sugar and amino acid can dictate the structure, yield and distribution of headspace‐volatile pyrazines. Under the same reaction conditions and sugar to ammonium hydroxide ratios, rhamnose was found to produce more pyrazines than did high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS). With rhamnose, the yield of pyrazines approached 4500 µg mL −1 . Formulations selectively enriched in ethyldimethylpyrazines can be prepared by stepwise substitution of HFCS with rhamnose. Formulations preferably enriched in methyl‐ and dimethyl‐(3‐methylbutyl)‐ as well as methyl‐ and dimethyl‐(2‐methylpropyl)pyrazines were prepared through selective combinations of rhamnose/HFCS and amino acids. Stepwise substitution of HFCS with rhamnose coupled with the use of selected amino acids allowed for the control of the yield, structure and distribution of volatile pyrazines in microwave heat‐treated aqueous formulations. Reaction temperature was also found to significantly influence pyrazine yield and distribution. Statistical modeling of the reaction yields as functions of reaction variables produced surfaces with acceptable modeling coefficients. Mechanisms were postulated to account for the increased yields and selected distributions pyrazines when rhamnose was employed. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Extremely potent immunotherapeutic activity of a STING agonist in the B16 melanoma model in vivo (2013)

Meeting abstracts We previously have reported that innate immune sensing of tumors in vivo involves type I IFN production by dendritic cells (DCs), which in turn acts on CD8α+ DCs to promote endogenous cross-priming of CD8+ T cells in vivo. Recently, we have identified the cytosolic DNA sensing
Dengue: defining protective versus pathologic immunity (2004)

Dengue is an expanding public health problem, and an effective vaccine remains elusive. This review discusses how the significant influence of sequential infection with different dengue virus serotypes on the severity of disease can be viewed in terms of beneficial and detrimental effects of heterologous immunity. A more complete understanding of these effects is likely to be critical for predicting optimal vaccine-induced immune responses.
Different effects of IGF-I on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle (2000)

The effect of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was studied in adipose and muscle tissues of hypophysectomized female rats. IGF-I was given as a subcutaneous infusion via osmotic minipumps for 6 or 20 days. All hypophysectomized rats received L-thyroxine and cortisol replacement therapy. IGF-I treatment increased body weight gain but had no effect on serum glucose or free fatty acid levels. Serum insulin and C-peptide concentrations decreased. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation into lipids was reduced in adipose tissue segments and isolated adipocytes from the IGF-I-treated rats. In contrast, insulin treatment of hypophysectomized rats for 7 days increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation into lipids in isolated adipocytes. Pretreatment of isolated adipocytes in vitro with IGF-I increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation into lipids. These results indicate that the effect of IGF-I on lipogenesis in adipose tissue is not direct but via decreased serum insulin levels, which reduce the capacity of adipocytes to metabolize glucose. Isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis, but not basal lipolysis, was enhanced in adipocytes from IGF-I-treated animals. In the soleus muscle, the glycogen content and insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation into glycogen were increased in IGF-I-treated rats. In summary, IGF-I has opposite effects on glucose uptake in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, findings which at least partly explain previous reports of reduced body fat mass, increased body cell mass, and increased insulin responsiveness after IGF-I treatment.
Single-layer triplet white polymer light-emitting diodes incorporating polymer oxides: Effect of charge trapping at phosphorescent dopants (2009)

This paper describes the effects of charge trapping on the device performances of triplet polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) after the cathode contact had been improved through the blending of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) into the active layer. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) was enhanced when the dopant tended to trap electrons. In contrast, we observed no EQE enhancement for the device featuring a hole-trapping dopant. Because PEG promoted electron injection, more electrons were trapped in the triplet molecules, thereby enhancing the probability of recombination. Finally, after incorporating PEG, we further achieved white PLEDs exhibiting both high EQE and high power efficiency.
Toward controlling gene expression at will: Selection and design of zinc finger domains recognizing each of the 5′-GNN-3′ DNA target sequences (1999)

We have taken a comprehensive approach to the generation of novel DNA binding zinc finger domains of defined specificity. Herein we describe the generation and characterization of a family of zinc finger domains developed for the recognition of each of the 16 possible 3-bp DNA binding sites having the sequence 5'-GNN-3'. Phage display libraries of zinc finger proteins were created and selected under conditions that favor enrichment of sequence-specific proteins. Zinc finger domains recognizing a number of sequences required refinement by site-directed mutagenesis that was guided by both phage selection data and structural information. In many cases, residues not expected to make base-specific contacts had effects on specificity. A number of these domains demonstrate exquisite specificity and discriminate between sequences that differ by a single base with >100-fold loss in affinity. We conclude that the three helical positions -1, 3, and 6 of a zinc finger domain are insufficient to allow for the fine specificity of the DNA binding domain to be predicted. These domains are functionally modular and may be recombined with one another to create polydactyl proteins capable of binding 18-bp sequences with subnanomolar affinity. The family of zinc finger domains described here is sufficient for the construction of 17 million novel proteins that bind the 5'-(GNN)6-3' family of DNA sequences. These materials and methods should allow for the rapid construction of novel gene switches and provide the basis for a universal system for gene control.
Modulation of Reactivity in Native Chemical Ligation through the Use of Thiol Additives (1997)

In native chemical ligation, an unprotected peptide α-carboxy thioester is reacted with a second peptide containing an N-terminal cysteine residue. It was anticipated that addition of thiophenol to a native chemical ligation reaction would keep cysteine side chains reduced, catalyze the reversal of unproductive thioester formation, and generate a more reactive phenyl thioester through thiol exchange. Several model peptide−α-thioesters were treated with an excess of a competing thiol to investigate their susceptibility to thiol exchange: a highly activated 3-nitro-4-carboxybenzyl α-thioester was smoothly converted to the less activated benzyl α-thioester through the addition of an excess of benzyl mercaptan; similarly, a peptide containing the benzyl α-thioester group was converted to a more reactive phenyl α-thioester by addition of thiophenol. Even a weakly activated peptide−α-thioester was converted to a substantially more reactive species, as demonstrated by the conversion of peptide−αCOS-CH2COOH to peptide−αCOS-phenyl. The utility of in situ transthioesterification in native chemical ligation reactions was demonstrated by model syntheses of the 110-residue barnase polypeptide chain. The use of thiophenol as an additive in the ligation gave clean, rapid reaction to form the desired amide-linked product in high yield. The in situ transthioesterification process is broadly applicable to the total chemical synthesis of proteins by native chemical ligation.
Pendeo-Epitaxy versus Lateral Epitaxial Overgrowth of GaN: A Comparative Study via Finite Element Analysis (1999)

Recent studies of the structural quality of GaN stripes grown selectively via lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) and pendeo-epitaxy (PE) or maskless lateral epitaxy, reveal that the regions of lateral growth exhibit four-to-five orders of magnitude lower density of dislocations compared to the regions of vertical growth. In both cases the crystallographic templates for the lateral growth are the {112-0}, {11-00}, or the {11-01} side facets of the GaN. The examination of the morphology of the top surfaces, side facets, and interfaces of the LEO- and PE-GaN stripes with the underlying and adjacent interfaces, reveal their striking similarity with the thermally generated stress/strain gradient profiles as calculated via finite element analysis. A comparison between the stress distribution as a result of the mismatches in the coefficients of thermal expansion among the films in the structures, grouped in four types with different geometries will be presented: (I) conventional LEO-GaN, (II) conventional LEO-GaN case without SiO2 layer, (III) PE-GaN mode A, and (IV) PE-GaN mode B.
A multi-purpose CMOS sensor interface for low-power applications (1994)

A dedicated low-power CMOS transponder microchip is presented as part of a novel telemetry implant for biomedical applications. This mixed analog-digital circuit contains an identification code and collects information on physiological parameters, i.e., body temperature and physical activity, and on the status of the battery. To minimize the amount of data to be transmitted, a dedicated signal processing algorithm is embedded within its circuitry. All telemetry functions (encoding, modulation, generation of the carrier) are implemented on the integrated circuit. Emphasis is on a high degree of flexibility towards sensor inputs and internal data management, extreme miniaturization, and low-power consumption to allow a long implantation lifetime.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Genetics of Osteosarcoma (2012)

Osteosarcoma is a primary bone malignancy with a particularly high incidence rate in children and adolescents relative to other age groups. The etiology of this often aggressive cancer is currently unknown, because complicated structural and numeric genomic rearrangements in cancer cells preclude understanding of tumour development. In addition, few consistent genetic changes that may indicate effective molecular therapeutic targets have been reported. However, high-resolution techniques continue to improve knowledge of distinct areas of the genome that are more commonly associated with osteosarcomas. Copy number gains at chromosomes 1p, 1q, 6p, 8q, and 17p as well as copy number losses at chromosomes 3q, 6q, 9, 10, 13, 17p, and 18q have been detected by numerous groups, but definitive oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes remain elusive with respect to many loci. In this paper, we examine studies of the genetics of osteosarcoma to comprehensively describe the heterogeneity and complexity of this cancer.
Adenosine Regulates Renal Nitric Oxide Production in Hypothyroid Rats (1999)

In the hypothyroid kidney, exogenous adenosine (ADO) produces vasodilation and restores renal function to near-normal values. This study evaluates whether this response is mediated by nitric oxide synthesis stimulated by adenosine. GFR and urinary excretion of NO2-/NO3- (UNO2-/NO3-) were measured in normal (NL) and hypothyroid (HTX) rats under basal conditions and during infusion of: intra-aortic ADO, intravenously, 1,3-dipropyl-8p-sulfophenylxanthine (DPSPX), 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropyl xanthine (DPCPX), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) + ADO, L-NAME + PSPX, L-NAME + DPCPX, and intrarenal (IR) ADO or DPCPX + IR ADO. Intra-aortic ADO induced a fall in GFR and increased UNO2-/NO3- slightly in NL rats; in HTX rats, both GFR and UNO2-/NO3- increased significantly. DPSPX and DPCPX increased UNO2-/NO3- excretion in NL animals with minor changes in GFR; the blockers increased both GFR and UNO2-/ NO3- in HTX rats. L-NAME completely blocked the increase in NO2-/NO3- induced by ADO, DPSPX, and DPCPX. The intrarenal infusion of ADO at 1, 10, and 35 nmol/kg per min progressively decreased GFR with a slight increase in UNO2-/ NO3- in NL rats; in the HTX, GFR increased with the highest dose and UNO2-/NO3- progressively increased. DPCPX prevented the fall in GFR induced by intrarenal ADO in NL rats, with no further changes in UNO2-/NO3-; in HTX rats, intrarenal ADO under A1 blockade further increased GFR and UNO2-/NO3-. Arterial and venous ADO concentrations were lower in the HTX rats. In the HTX kidney, NO production was stimulated by ADO, most likely through activation of A2 or A3 receptors, whereas A1 receptors had an inhibitory effect. Thus, ADO receptors are involved in the regulation of kidney function in pathophysiologic conditions.
Fluidic self-assembly of micromirrors onto surface micromachined actuators (2002)

We describe the fluidic self-assembly of ultra-flat, single-crystal silicon micromirrors onto a surface micromachined actuator array. Sub-micron precision self-alignment of the mirrors onto the actuator platforms is achieved by pattern matching hydrophobic binding sites on the underside of the mirror and on the platform.
Viable circulating metastatic cells produced in orthotopic but not ectopic prostate cancer models. (2003)

Elucidation of the mechanisms of hormone-independent metastatic prostate cancer remains a significant and highly relevant challenge. We report here that hormone-refractory human prostate carcinoma growing orthotopically efficiently deliver viable metastatic cells in the host circulation. This is in contrast to the ectopic tumors of the same lineage, which do not deliver live cells into the circulation. To investigate the malignant potential of viable circulating carcinoma cells, we developed a novel dual-color orthotopic coimplantation model of human prostate cancer metastasis in nude mice. This model is comprised of coinjection of an equivalent mixture of isolated and cultured circulating green fluorescent protein-expressing clones and parental red fluorescent protein-expressing human prostate carcinoma cells. In the dual-color model, the selected green fluorescent protein-labeled viable circulating cells have an increased metastatic propensity relative to the red fluorescent protein-labeled parental cells. The identification and isolation of highly malignant viable circulating human prostate carcinoma cells from orthotopic but not ectopic models will enable important new insights into the metastatic process including the role of the tumor microenvironment.
Chaperone-Subunit-Usher Interactions Required for Donor Strand Exchange during Bacterial Pilus Assembly (2003)

The assembly of type 1 pili on the surface of uropathogenic Escherichia coli proceeds via the chaperone-usher pathway. Chaperone-subunit complexes interact with one another via a process termed donor strand complementation whereby the G1beta strand of the chaperone completes the immunoglobulin (Ig) fold of the pilus subunit. Chaperone-subunit complexes are targeted to the usher, which forms a channel across the outer membrane through which pilus subunits are translocated and assembled into pili via a mechanism known as donor strand exchange. This is a mechanism whereby chaperone uncapping from a subunit is coupled with the simultaneous assembly of the subunit into the pilus fiber. Thus, in the pilus fiber, the N-terminal extension of every subunit completes the Ig fold of its neighboring subunit by occupying the same site previously occupied by the chaperone. Here, we investigated details of the donor strand exchange assembly mechanism. We discovered that the information necessary for targeting the FimC-FimH complex to the usher resides mainly in the FimH protein. This interaction is an initiating event in pilus biogenesis. We discovered that the ability of an incoming subunit (in a chaperone-subunit complex) to participate in donor strand exchange with the growing pilus depended on a previously unrecognized function of the chaperone. Furthermore, the donor strand exchange assembly mechanism between subunits was found to be necessary for subunit translocation across the outer membrane usher.
Bidirectional Recursive Neural Networks for Token-Level Labeling with Structure (2013)

Recently, deep architectures, such as recurrent and recursive neural networks have been successfully applied to various natural language processing tasks. Inspired by bidirectional recurrent neural networks which use representations that summarize the past and future around an instance, we propose a novel architecture that aims to capture the structural information around an input, and use it to label instances. We apply our method to the task of opinion expression extraction, where we employ the binary parse tree of a sentence as the structure, and word vector representations as the initial representation of a single token. We conduct preliminary experiments to investigate its performance and compare it to the sequential approach.
A Vaccine to Prevent Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia in Older Adults (2005)

The zoster vaccine markedly reduced morbidity from herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia among older adults.
Neutrophil activation on biological surfaces. Massive secretion of hydrogen peroxide in response to products of macrophages and lymphocytes. (1987)

Recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (rTNF alpha) and beta (rTNF beta) did not trigger H2O2 release from PMN in suspension. However, when PMN were plated on polystyrene surfaces coated with serum, fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), rTNFs induced a massive, prolonged secretory response, similar to that elicited by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or bacteria. On serum-coated plates, the maximum sustained rate of H2O2 release in response to rTNF alpha was 2.6 +/- 0.2 nmol/min per 10(6) PMN, the same as that with PMA; release continued for 73 +/- 4 min. On laminin-coated surfaces or HUVEC, release of H2O2 in response to rTNFs was slower, but lasted approximately 3.5 h, reaching the same total (greater than 100 nmol/10(6) PMN). Not only was this response far longer and larger than for other soluble stimuli of the respiratory burst studied with PMN in suspension, but the concentration necessary to elicit a half-maximal response (EC50) for rTNF alpha was orders of magnitude lower (55 pM). Responses were similar with FMLP, but ranged from zero to small with recombinant IFN alpha, recombinant IFN beta, recombinant IFN gamma, platelet-derived growth factor, recombinant IL-1 beta, or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Adherent monocytes did not secrete H2O2 in response to rTNFs. H2O2 secretion by adherent PMN was first detectable 15-90 min after addition of rTNFs or FMLP. This lag period was unaffected by prior exposure of PMN to rTNF alpha in suspension, by allowing PMN to adhere before adding rTNF alpha, or by incubating adherent PMN in medium conditioned by rTNF alpha-treated PMN. Cytochalasins abolished H2O2 secretion in response to rTNFs, but not FMLP, if added during, but not after, the lag period. Thus, H2O2 secretion from rTNF alpha-treated PMN appears to be a direct but delayed response that requires assembly of microfilaments during exposure to the cytokine. These results suggest that PMN adherent to intra- or extravascular surfaces may undergo a massive, prolonged respiratory burst at the command of macrophages and lymphocytes reacting to microbial products and antigens.