gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy for in vivo detection of cervical pre-cancer (2005)

Optical technologies, such as reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy, have shown the potential to provide improved point-of-care detection methods for cervical neoplasia that are sensitive, specific, and cost-effective. Our specific goals are to analyze the diagnostic potential of reflectance and fluorescence spectra, alone and in combination, to discriminate normal and precancerous cervical tissue in vivo and to identify which classification features contain significant diagnostic information. Reflectance spectra are measured at four source-detector separations and fluorescence emission spectra are measured at 16 excitation wavelengths, from 324 sites in 161 patients. These 20 spectral features are permuted in all possible combinations of one, two, and three; and classification algorithms are developed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of each combination. Algorithms based on fluorescence spectra alone yield better diagnostic performance than those based on reflectance spectra alone. The combination of fluorescence and reflectance do not significantly improve diagnostic performance compared to fluorescence alone, except in the case of discriminating high-grade precancers from columnar normal tissue. In general, fluorescence emission spectra at 330- to 360-nm and 460- to 470-nm excitation provide the best diagnostic performance for separating all pairs of tissue categories.
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor increases CD123hi blood dendritic cells with altered CD62L and CCR7 expression (2003)

Changes in blood dendritic cell (BDC) counts (CD123(hi)BDC and CD11c(+)BDC) and expression of CD62L, CCR7, and CD49d were analyzed in healthy donors, multiple myeloma (MM), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients, who received granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) containing peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization protocols. Low-dose G-CSF in healthy donors (8-10 microg/kg/d subcutaneously) and high-dose G-CSF in patients (30 microg/kg/d) increased CD123(hi)BDC (2- to 22-fold, mean 3.7 x 10(6)/L-17.7 x 10(6)/L and 1.9 x 10(6)/L-12.0 x 10(6)/L) in healthy donors and MM but decreased CD11c(+)BDC (2- to 10-fold, mean 5.7 x 10(6)/L-1.6 x 10(6)/L) in NHL patients, on the day of apheresis, compared with steady state. After apheresis, CD123(hi)BDC counts remained high, whereas low CD11c(+)BDC counts tended to recover in the following 2-5 days. Down-regulation of CD62L and up-regulation of CCR7 on CD123(hi)BDC were found in most healthy donors and MM patients. CD49d expression was unchanged. Thus, PBSC mobilization may change BDC counts by altering molecules necessary for BDC homing from blood into tissues.
Determination of the urinary aglycone metabolites of vitamin K by HPLC with redox-mode electrochemical detection (2005)

We describe a method for the determination of the two major urinary metabolites of vitamin K as the methyl esters of their aglycone structures, 2-methyl-3-(3'-3'-carboxymethylpropyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (5C-aglycone) and 2-methyl-3-(5'-carboxy-3'-methyl-2'-pentenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (7C-aglycone), by HPLC with electrochemical detection (ECD) in the redox mode. Urinary salts were removed by reversed-phase (C18) solid-phase extraction (SPE), and the predominantly conjugated vitamin K metabolites were hydrolyzed with methanolic HCl. The resulting carboxylic acid aglycones were quantitatively methylated with diazomethane and fractionated by normal-phase (silica) SPE. Final analysis was by reversed-phase (C18) HPLC with a methanol-aqueous mobile phase. Metabolites were detected by amperometric, oxidative ECD of their quinol forms, which were generated by postcolumn coulometric reduction at an upstream electrode. The assay gave excellent linearity (typically, r2 > or = 0.999) and high sensitivity with an on-column detection limit of < 3.5 fmol (< 1 pg). The interassay precision was typically 10%. Metabolite recovery was compared with that of an internal standard [2-methyl-3-(7'-carboxy-heptyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone] added to urine samples just before analysis. Using this methodology, we confirmed that the 5C- and 7C-aglycones were major catabolites of both phylloquinone (vitamin K1) and menaquinones (vitamin K2) in humans. We propose that the measurement of urinary vitamin K metabolite excretion is a candidate noninvasive marker of total vitamin K status.
Stimulation of Cholesterol Efflux by LXR Agonists in Cholesterol-Loaded Human Macrophages Is ABCA1-Dependent but ABCG1-Independent (2009)

Our data indicate that stimulation of cholesterol efflux to HDL by LXR agonists in human foam cells involves an ATP-dependent transport mechanism mediated by ABCA1 that it appears to be independent of ABCG1 expression.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) prevents the degeneration of medial septal cholinergic neurons following fimbria transection (1993)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, supports the survival of developing basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in vitro and is retrogradely transported by cholinergic neurons of the medial septum and diagonal band following intrahippocampal injections in vivo. To substantiate a potential role for BDNF in the maintenance of forebrain cholinergic neurons in the adult brain, we assessed the ability of BDNF to sustain the phenotype of medial septal cholinergic neurons following a unilateral transection of the fimbria. BDNF, NGF, or vehicle solutions were infused continuously in adult female rats either into the lateral ventricle (intracerebroventricularly) or directly into the septum for 2 weeks beginning at the time of the transection. In vehicle-infused animals, only 28% of the ChAT-immunoreactive neurons remained on the side ipsilateral to the lesion compared to the contralateral intact side. When infused intracerebroventricularly, both BDNF and NGF reduced the extent of the phenotypic loss, in that 44% and 68%, respectively, of the ChAT-immunopositive neurons remained on the lesioned side. Intraseptal infusion proved even more effective, in that following BDNF and NGF treatment 60% and 86%, respectively, of the normal complement of ChAT-immunopositive neurons were apparent on the side ipsilateral to the lesion. Similar results were obtained when an antibody to the low-affinity NGF receptor was used to identify the cholinergic neurons. To determine if the apparent greater efficacy of NGF compared to BDNF might be related to differences in delivery, we examined the patterns of distribution of radiolabeled BDNF and NGF injected into the lateral ventricle. 125I-BDNF showed only very little diffusion from the ventricles into the adjacent neural tissue and negligible retrograde labeling of the neurons within the basal forebrain. 125I-NGF, however, diffused readily into the brain, resulting in widespread retrograde labeling of basal forebrain neurons. A similarly limited distribution pattern was observed where BDNF was detected immunohistochemically in animals infused intracerebroventricularly (12 micrograms/d) for 2 weeks. In contrast, when delivered intraseptally, the same dose of BDNF exhibited a widespread diffusion within the surrounding neuropil and retrograde labeling of neurons in the medial septum and the vertical limb of the diagonal band. Thus, when delivered effectively, BDNF has a substantial capacity to rescue axotomized cholinergic neurons.
Enhanced production of hepatitis B surface antigen in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts by using extrachromosomally replicating bovine papillomavirus vector. (1983)

We have constructed a recombinant pBR322 plasmid composed of a subgenomic transforming fragment of bovine papillomavirus DNA and the hepatitis B surface antigen gene from cloned hepatitis B virus DNA and used it for transfection of NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. The transformed cells retain the plasmids in extrachromosomal form with a copy number of about 50 to 100 per cell. Expression of the hepatitis B surface antigen gene linked to bovine papillomavirus DNA is independent of its orientation relative to the bovine papillomavirus vector. Cell lines continuously secreting high amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen into the medium could be established. The antigen is released into the culture medium as 22-nm particles, having the same physical properties and constituent polypeptides as those found in the serum of hepatitis B virus-infected patients.
Optimization of Bivalent Glutathione S-Transferase Inhibitors by Combinatorial Linker Design (2006)

Dimeric glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are pharmacological targets for several diseases, including cancer. Isoform specificity has been difficult to achieve due to their overlapping substrate selectivity. Here we demonstrate the utility of bivalent GST inhibitors and their optimization via combinatorial linker design. A combinatorial library with dipeptide linkers emanating symmetrically from a central scaffold (bis-3,5-aminomethyl benzoic acid, AMAB) to connect two ethacrynic acid moieties was prepared and decoded via iterative deconvolution, against the isoforms GSTA1-1 and GSTP1-1. The library yielded high affinity GSTA1-1 selective inhibitors (70-120-fold selectivity) and with stoichiometry of one inhibitor: one GSTA1-1 dimer. Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR with one of these inhibitors, with linker structure (Asp-Gly-AMAB-Gly-Asp) and K(D) = 42 nM for GSTA1-1, demonstrates that the Asp-Gly linker interacts tightly with GSTA1-1, but not P1-1. H/D exchange mass spectrometry was used to map the protein binding site and indicates that peptides within the intersubunit cleft and in the substrate binding site are protected by inhibitor from solvent exchange. A model is proposed for the binding orientation of the inhibitor, which is consistent with electrostatic complementarity between the protein cleft and inhibitor linker as the source of isoform selectivity and high affinity. The results demonstrate the utility of combinatorial, or "irrational", linker design for optimizing bivalent inhibitors.
Isolation and characterization of Tha p 1, a major allergen from the pine processionary caterpillar Thaumetopoea pityocampa (2003)

This 15-kDa IgE-binding protein is a major caterpillar allergen and shows no homologies to other insect allergens already described.
Antipyretic effect of oral sodium salicylate after an intravenousE. coliLPS injection in broiler chickens (2005)

A study was set up to investigate the influence of sodium salicylate on fever and acute phase reaction after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in broiler chickens. An acute phase reaction was provoked through the intravenous injection of Escherichia coli LPS. Four oral doses of sodium salicylate were tested. Apart from body temperature, other inflammation indices, such as plasma corticosterone and ceruloplasmin, serum thromboxane B2 and zinc concentrations were monitored. Intravenous LPS induced a fever of about 1 degree C. A dose-dependent attenuation of the fever response of the chickens in the salicylate treated groups was observed. LPS-injected chickens also showed elevated plasma corticosterone and ceruloplasmin, while serum thromboxane and zinc concentrations decreased. Except for thromboxane B2, no linear relationship with increasing salicylate dose could be shown for the other blood variables. These data confirm that sodium salicylate is an effective antipyretic agent after injection of LPS in chickens, if used at an appropriate dosage. No dose-related change could be found for the other inflammation indices.
NALP3: a key player in caspase-1 activation (2006)

The NLR (NACHT-LRR) family of proteins have been implicated in the regulation of immune responses and cell death pathways. Some NLR family members can form multiprotein complexes, called inflammasomes, involved in the activation of pro-inflammatory caspases. Mutations in the NALP3/CIAS1/cryopyrin gene, a member of the NLR family, are linked to three auto-inflammatory disorders: Muckle-Wells syndrome, familial cold auto-inflammatory syndrome and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease. NALP3 along with the adaptor molecule ASC activates caspase-1 in response to a wide variety of stimuli. Here we review recent findings on the biology of NALP3 suggesting that it has functions beyond that of pathogen recognition.
Severe lichen planus clears with very low-dose cyclosporin (1992)

Journal Article Severe lichen planus clears with very low‐dose cyclosporin Get access N.J. Levell, N.J. Levell University Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.S. Munro, C.S. Munro University Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Janet M. Marks Janet M. Marks University Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 1, 1 July 1992, Pages 66–67, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb14836.x Published: 01 July 1992
Exploring web scale language models for search query processing (2010)

It has been widely observed that search queries are composed in a very different style from that of the body or the title of a document. Many techniques explicitly accounting for this language style discrepancy have shown promising results for information retrieval, yet a large scale analysis on the extent of the language differences has been lacking. In this paper, we present an extensive study on this issue by examining the language model properties of search queries and the three text streams associated with each web document: the body, the title, and the anchor text. Our information theoretical analysis shows that queries seem to be composed in a way most similar to how authors summarize documents in anchor texts or titles, offering a quantitative explanation to the observations in past work.
Fully Online Multicommand Brain-Computer Interface with Visual Neurofeedback Using SSVEP Paradigm (2007)

We propose a new multistage procedure for a real-time brain-machine/computer interface (BCI). The developed system allows a BCI user to navigate a small car (or any other object) on the computer screen in real time, in any of the four directions, and to stop it if necessary. Extensive experiments with five young healthy subjects confirmed the high performance of the proposed online BCI system. The modular structure, high speed, and the optimal frequency band characteristics of the BCI platform are features which allow an extension to a substantially higher number of commands in the near future.
Primary Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children: Successful Treatment with Oral Corticosteroids (1998)

Pediatric patients in a series with marked esophageal eosinophilia and chronic symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease unresponsive to aggressive medical antire-flux therapy had both clinical and histologic improvement after oral corticosteroid therapy.
Inhibition of Flap Endonuclease 1 by Flap Secondary Structure and Relevance to Repeat Sequence Expansion (2000)

Recent genetic evidence indicates that null mutants of the 5'-flap endonuclease (FEN1) result in an expansion of repetitive sequences. The substrate for FEN1 is a flap formed by natural 5'-end displacement of the short intermediates of lagging strand replication. FEN1 binds the 5'-end of the flap, tracks to the point of annealing at the base of the flap, and then cleaves. Here we examine mechanisms by which foldback structures within the flap could contribute to repeat expansions. Cleavage by FEN1 was reduced with increased length of the foldback. However, even the longest foldbacks were cleaved at a low rate. Substrates containing the repetitive sequence CTG also were cleaved at a reduced rate. Bubble substrates, likely intermediates in repeat expansions, were inhibitory. Neither replication protein A nor proliferating cell nuclear antigen were able to assist in the removal of secondary structure within a flap. We propose that FEN1 cleaves natural foldbacks at a reduced rate. However, although the cleavage delay is not likely to influence the overall process of chromosomal replication, specific foldbacks could inhibit cleavage sufficiently to result in duplication of the foldback sequence.
Protein Glycosylation:  The Clash of the Titans (1997)

Enzymes catalyze a variety of transformations with spectacular rate enhancements while demonstrating exquisite&#13;\nselectivities. Information from complementary structural&#13;\nand mechanistic studies has yielded insight into the inner&#13;\nworkings of many enzyme-catalyzed reactions. In particular,&#13;\nstudies of transformations that involve the interaction&#13;\nof one or more small-molecule substrates with soluble&#13;\nenzymes have met with notable success. There remain,&#13;\nhowever, a number of reactions, including those involving&#13;\nthe covalent modification of macromolecular substrates,&#13;\nthat confound us by their complexity. One such transformation, asparagine-linked glycosylation, involves the enzyme-catalyzed modification of an asparagine side&#13;\nchain in a nascent polypeptide with a triantennary tetradecasaccharide (GlcNAc_2Man_9Glc_3) moiety. This first&#13;\ncommitted step in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycoproteins&#13;\nis catalyzed by oligosaccharyl transferase (OT), a&#13;\nheteromeric membrane-associated enzyme complex, found&#13;\nin the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of&#13;\neukaryotic cells. Glycosyl transfer to the nitrogen of the&#13;\ncarboxamide side chain of an asparagine occurs through&#13;\nthe intermediacy of a dolichol-linked pyrophosphate&#13;\ndonor as illustrated in Figure 1. The primary peptide&#13;\nsequence requirements for the glycosylation process&#13;\ninclude a minimum -Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr- tripeptide recognition&#13;\nmotif where Xaa can be any of the 20 natural amino&#13;\nacids except proline. Thus, while OT exhibits rather&#13;\nsimple substrate requirements, the enzyme catalyzes an&#13;\nunusual and specific reaction wherein the nucleophilicity&#13;\nof the asparagine side chain must be greatly enhanced to&#13;\nform a covalent linkage with the oligosaccharide. After&#13;\ntransfer of the initial tetradecasaccharide, subsequent&#13;\ndiversification of the primary glycoprotein conjugates&#13;\narises from enzyme-catalyzed processing steps that occur&#13;\nin both the ER and the Golgi apparatus. Specifically, the&#13;\ncore oligosaccharide structures are subject to the action&#13;\nof an elaborate array of glycosyl hydrolase and glycosyl&#13;\ntransferase enzymes. The latter class of enzymes catalyzes&#13;\nthe incorporation of a broader diversity of carbohydrate&#13;\nunits including fucose, sialic acid, and galactose. The&#13;\ncollective action of these enzymes generates the structural&#13;\ndiversity associated with mature N-linked glycoproteins&#13;\nin eukaryotic cells.&#13;\n
Comparison of temporal artery, rectal and esophageal core temperatures in children: Results of a pilot study (2004)

The TA and esophageal thermometers agree well, and the esophageal-TA and esophageal-rectal temperature agreements are not significantly different.
Bicarbonate-responsive “soluble” adenylyl cyclase defines a nuclear cAMP microdomain (2004)

Bicarbonate-responsive "soluble" adenylyl cyclase resides, in part, inside the mammalian cell nucleus where it stimulates the activity of nuclear protein kinase A to phosphorylate the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). The existence of this complete and functional, nuclear-localized cAMP pathway establishes that cAMP signals in intracellular microdomains and identifies an alternate pathway leading to CREB activation.
Synthese und Reaktionen von 2‐Alkenyloxazolonen (1970)

Abstract Mit Acryl‐ bzw. Methacrylchlorid N‐acylierte Aminosäuren lassen sich zu den entsprechenden Azlactonen cyclisieren. Substituenten am C‐Atom 4 haben großn Einfluß auf Synthese, Polymerisierbarkeit und Beständigkeit dieser Oxazolone. 4‐ständige H‐Atome begünstigen, wie aus der Literatur bekannt ist, Umlagerungen und Folgereaktionen, deshalb sind die am C‐Atom 4 vollständig substituierten Derivate besser zugänglich. Während nun 4‐ständige Alkylidenreste, offenbar infolge erhöhter Resonanzstabilisierung, die Polymerisation hemmen, lassen sich Dialkylderivate (allein und mit Comonomeren) gut polymerisieren. Die Copolymerisationsparameter mit Methylacrylat und Methylmethacrylat wurden bestimmt. Ringöffnungsreaktionen (Aminolyse, Hydrolyse) an den monomeren und polymerisierten Oxazolonen werden in ähnilicher Weise von der Größe der Substituenten beeinflußt wie Acylierung bzw. Cyclisierung der Aminosäuren.
Clinical Implications of the ‘No Reflow’ Phenomenon (1996)

The substantial size of the MCE no reflow phenomenon at coronary reflow conveys useful information about an outcome of coronary intervention and left ventricular remodeling in individual patients with anterior wall AMI, although these are suggestive results in a limited number of patients.
Delivery of bifunctional RNAs that target an intronic repressor and increase SMN levels in an animal model of spinal muscular atrophy (2009)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease caused by the loss of survival motor neuron-1 (SMN1). A nearly identical copy gene, SMN2, is present in all SMA patients, which produces low levels of functional protein. Although the SMN2 coding sequence has the potential to produce normal, full-length SMN, approximately 90% of SMN2-derived transcripts are alternatively spliced and encode a truncated protein lacking the final coding exon (exon 7). SMN2, however, is an excellent therapeutic target. Previously, we developed bifunctional RNAs that bound SMN exon 7 and modulated SMN2 splicing. To optimize the efficiency of the bifunctional RNAs, a different antisense target was required. To this end, we genetically verified the identity of a putative intronic repressor and developed bifunctional RNAs that target this sequence. Consequently, there is a 2-fold mechanism of SMN induction: inhibition of the intronic repressor and recruitment of SR proteins via the SR recruitment sequence of the bifunctional RNA. The bifunctional RNAs effectively increased SMN in human primary SMA fibroblasts. Lead candidates were synthesized as 2'-O-methyl RNAs and were directly injected in the central nervous system of SMA mice. Single-RNA injections were able to illicit a robust induction of SMN protein in the brain and throughout the spinal column of neonatal SMA mice. In a severe model of SMA, mean life span was extended following the delivery of bifunctional RNAs. This technology has direct implications for the development of an SMA therapy, but also lends itself to a multitude of diseases caused by aberrant pre-mRNA splicing.
How to Make Water Run Uphill (1992)

A surface having a spatial gradient in its surface free energy was capable of causing drops of water placed on it to move uphill. This motion was the result of an imbalance in the forces due to surface tension acting on the liquid-solid contact line on the two opposite sides ("uphill" or "downhill") of the drop. The required gradient in surface free energy was generated on the surface of a polished silicon wafer by exposing it to the diffusing front of a vapor of decyltrichlorosilane, Cl(3)Si(CH(2))(9)CH(3). The resulting surface displayed a gradient of hydrophobicity (with the contact angle of water changing from 97 degrees to 25 degrees ) over a distance of 1 centimeter. When the wafer was tilted from the horizontal plane by 15 degrees , with the hydrophobic end lower than the hydrophilic, and a drop of water (1 to 2 microliters) was placed at the hydrophobic end, the drop moved toward the hydrophilic end with an average velocity of approximately 1 to 2 millimeters per second. In order for the drop to move, the hysteresis in contact angle on the surface had to be low (</=10 degrees ).