gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of diffusion on magnetic resonance imaging of laser-polarized xenon gas (1998)

Molecular diffusion during the application of magnetic field gradients can distort magnetic resonance images. A systematic characterization of these distortions in one dimension was performed using highly spin-polarized xenon gas. By varying the strength of the applied gradient and the geometric dimension of the sample, the evolution of these image distortions between the regimes of strong and weak diffusion was observed. These results are compared with numerical simulations. By directly measuring the displacement distribution of the polarized xenon atoms, it is shown that in the weak-diffusion regime the image distortions originate from the restricted diffusive motion near the sample boundaries, in agreement with previous theoretical work. Additionally, it is shown that the effects of diffusion can be utilized to enhance the contrast between the boundaries and bulk in the images of polarized gas samples, and thus may be exploited as a means of boundary detection in such systems.
Thalidomide (T) in Combination with Fludarabine (F) as Initial Therapy for Patients (pts) with Treatment Naive Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Preliminary Results of a Phase I/II Clinical Trial. (2005)

Abstract Introduction: The importance of VEGF and TNF-a and their interaction with other cytokines in the pathogenesis of CLL has recently been identified. These cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (ME) form a network of growth promoting signal(s) that regulate the CLL cell survival and progression. T is an immunomodulatory agent, reported to exert antitumor activity through down regulation of VEGF, TNF-a and IL-6. We hypothesized that targeting the tumor ME with T will interrupt the growth promoting signals and predispose CLL cells to enhanced proapoptotic activity of F with resultant improvement of clinical responses. In this abstract we report our findings to date of this phase I/II clinical trial. Patients and Methods: Treatment naïve pts requiring therapy for CLL were eligible for this study. T was started at D1 and continued for 6 months while F (25mg/m2 x 5 D every 4 wks) was given for 6 cycles starting on D7. Three doses of T (100,200,300 mg) were studied in phase I and as no dose response curve or DLT was noted, 200mg of T was selected for the phase II evaluation for concerns of cumulative toxicity of T. Low-dose coumadin (1 or 2 mg) was used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Results: To date 20 pts (15M, 5F; median age 66, range 38–76 yrs) have been enrolled. Of these 11 pts had limited (0-II) stage and 9 pts had advance Rai stage (III/IV) disease. Pts who completed the intended 6 months of T were evaluable for response. Six pts were removed from study for toxicity (2VTE - 1 in the 1st week of therapy prior to F infusion, 2nd during the 4th cyc; 1 Hep C reactivation presumably secondary to F, 1 secondary to early death from advance disease, 1 non-compliance, and 1 early termination for poor tolerance to therapy), without evidence of disease progression. Thirteen pts completed 6 months of therapy and are available for response. Among the evaluable pts 9 (69.2 %) achieved a complete response (CR) and 4(30.7%) were noted to have a partial remission (PR). While all pts who completed 6 months of T achieved a major response, the ORR in the intent-to-treat population was 65% with median duration of response 12+ (range 3 – 18+) months. Fatigue, thrombocytopenia, and anemia were the most common side effects, noted in 75%, 65%, and 55% of the 20 patients, respectively. Conclusion: T when combined with F results in a higher ORR when compared to F alone based on historical data. The combination FT was well tolerated with manageable toxicity. Completion of this ongoing phase II study will identify the role of this new combination in pts with CLL.
Streaming dielectrophoresis for continuous-flow microfluidic devices (2003)

This article describes the engineering development of a continuous-flow, selective particle filter/concentrator that works by a competition between dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electrokinesis (EK) in a microfluidic circuit. It was shown that a broad range of devices can used ideal EK and DEP in a variety of modes. Because these transport mechanisms are proportional to different powers of the electric field, the devices can be tuned at run time to select different classes of particles and even to switch flow regimes from streaming to trapping dielectrophoresis by varying the applied voltage. As observed experimentally and numerically, streaming dielectrophoresis is a novel flow regime for device development. It can be coherently reinforced within a patterned array to produce strong particle "depletion" and "enhancement" effects.
An FPGA-based VLIW processor with custom hardware execution (2005)

The capability and heterogeneity of new FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) devices continues to increase with each new line of devices. Efficiently programming these devices is increasing in difficulty. However, FPGAs continue to be utilized for algorithms traditionally targeted to embedded DSP microprocessors such as signal and image processing applications.This paper presents an architecture that combines VLIW (Very Large Instruction Word) processing with the capability to introduce application specific customized instructions and complex hardware functions. To support this architecture, a compilation and design automation flow are described for programs written in C.Several design tradeoffs for the architecture were examined including number of VLIW functional units and register file size. The architecture was implemented on an Altera Stratix II FPGA. The Stratix II device was selected because it offers a large number of high-speed DSP (digital signal processing) blocks that execute multiply accumulate operations.We show that our combined VLIW with hardware functions exhibit as much as 230X speedup and 63X on average for computational kernels for a set of benchmarks. This allows for an overall speedup of 30X and 12X on average for signal processing benchmarks from the MediaBench.
Profiling Changes in Gene Expression during Differentiation and Maturation of Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells Using Both Oligonucleotide Microarrays and Proteomics (2001)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that play a major role in initiating primary immune responses. We have utilized two independent approaches, DNA microarrays and proteomics, to analyze the expression profile of human CD14(+) blood monocytes and their derived DCs. Analysis of gene expression changes at the RNA level using oligonucleotide microarrays complementary to 6300 human genes showed that approximately 40% of the genes were expressed in DCs. A total of 255 genes (4%) were found to be regulated during DC differentiation or maturation. Most of these genes were not previously associated with DCs and included genes encoding secreted proteins as well as genes involved in cell adhesion, signaling, and lipid metabolism. Protein analysis of the same cell populations was done using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A total of 900 distinct protein spots were included, and 4% of them exhibited quantitative changes during DC differentiation and maturation. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and found to represent proteins with Ca(2+) binding, fatty acid binding, or chaperone activities as well as proteins involved in cell motility. In addition, proteomic analysis provided an assessment of post-translational modifications. The chaperone protein, calreticulin, was found to undergo cleavage, yielding a novel form. The combined oligonucleotide microarray and proteomic approaches have uncovered novel genes associated with DC differentiation and maturation and has allowed analysis of post-translational modifications of specific proteins as part of these processes.
Crucial Role of the H11-H12 Loop in Stabilizing the Active Conformation of the Human Mineralocorticoid Receptor (2000)

The crystal structures of ligand-free and agonist-associated ligand-binding domain (LBD) of nuclear receptors (NRs) reveal that the amphipathic helix H12 is folded back toward the LBD core in the agonist-associated conformation, allowing the binding of coactivators. We used alanine scanning mutagenesis to explore the role of the residues of the loop connecting H11 and H12 in the activation of the human mineralocorticoid receptor (hMR), a member of the NRs family. H950A retained the ligand binding and transcriptional activities of the wild-type receptor and interacted with coactivators. In contrast F956A had no receptor functions. Aldosterone bound to the mutant hMRs (L952A, K953A, V954A, E955A, P957A) with nearly the same affinity as to the wild-type receptor and caused a receptor conformational change in these mutant hMRs as it does for the wild-type receptor. But the aldosterone-induced transcriptional activity of the mutant hMRs was lower (L952A, E955A, P957A) than that of the wild-type receptor or completely abolished (K953A, V954A) and their interaction with coactivators was impaired (E955A) or suppressed (L952A, K953A, V954A, P957A). In the light of a hMR-LBD model based on the structure of the progesterone-associated receptor-LBD, we propose that the integrity of the H11-H12 loop is crucial for folding the receptor into a ligand-binding competent state and for establishing the network of contacts that stabilize the active receptor conformation.
The Identification of VaginalLactobacillusSpecies and the Demographic and Microbiologic Characteristics of Women Colonized by These Species (1999)

Lactobacillus acidophilus has been reported to be the predominant vaginal species. Vaginal lactobacilli isolated from 215 sexually active women were identified using whole-chromosomal DNA probes to 20 American Type Culture Collection Lactobacillus strains. Most women were colonized by L. crispatus (32%), followed by L. jensenii (23%), a previously undescribed species designated L. 1086V (15%), L. gasseri (5%), L. fermentum (0.3%), L. oris (0.3%), L. reuteri (0.3%), L. ruminis (0.3%), and L. vaginalis (0.3%). H2O2 was produced by 95% of L. crispatus and 94% of L. jensenii isolates, compared with only 9% of L. 1086V. Colonization by L. crispatus or L. jensenii was positively associated with being white (P<.001), age >/=20 years (P=.05), barrier contraceptive usage (P=.008), and lower frequency of bacterial vaginosis (P<.001) and gonorrhea (P=.03). L. crispatus and L. jensenii, not L. acidophilus, are the most common species of vaginal lactobacilli.
Efficacy and safety of eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive treatment in adults with refractory partial‐onset seizures: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group phase III study (2009)

ESL, 800 and 1,200 mg once-daily, was well tolerated and more effective than placebo in patients who were refractory to treatment with one or two concomitant AEDs.
Rational Design Of Antiviral Agents (1989)

Over the past two decades, deadly coronaviruses, with the most recent being the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 2019 pandemic, have majorly challenged public health. The path for virus invasion into humans and other ...Read More
Hyperthermophilic Enzymes: Sources, Uses, and Molecular Mechanisms for Thermostability (2001)

Enzymes synthesized by hyperthermophiles (bacteria and archaea with optimal growth temperatures of > 80 degrees C), also called hyperthermophilic enzymes, are typically thermostable (i.e., resistant to irreversible inactivation at high temperatures) and are optimally active at high temperatures. These enzymes share the same catalytic mechanisms with their mesophilic counterparts. When cloned and expressed in mesophilic hosts, hyperthermophilic enzymes usually retain their thermal properties, indicating that these properties are genetically encoded. Sequence alignments, amino acid content comparisons, crystal structure comparisons, and mutagenesis experiments indicate that hyperthermophilic enzymes are, indeed, very similar to their mesophilic homologues. No single mechanism is responsible for the remarkable stability of hyperthermophilic enzymes. Increased thermostability must be found, instead, in a small number of highly specific alterations that often do not obey any obvious traffic rules. After briefly discussing the diversity of hyperthermophilic organisms, this review concentrates on the remarkable thermostability of their enzymes. The biochemical and molecular properties of hyperthermophilic enzymes are described. Mechanisms responsible for protein inactivation are reviewed. The molecular mechanisms involved in protein thermostabilization are discussed, including ion pairs, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bridges, packing, decrease of the entropy of unfolding, and intersubunit interactions. Finally, current uses and potential applications of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic enzymes as research reagents and as catalysts for industrial processes are described.
Efficiency of adenoviral vector mediated CTLA4Ig gene delivery into mesenchymal stem cells. (2003)

Our results indicate that adenoviral vectors could efficiently transfer CTLA4Ig gene into MSCs and sustain long-term stable expression in vitro and in vivo.
A dynamic model of trust development and knowledge sharing in strategic alliances (2005)

Building on the recent advances in research on trust and knowledge sharing in strategic alliances, we weave together the existing literature to develop a dynamic model of trust development and knowledge sharing (TD/KS). We set forth three objectives for this paper. First, to review the literatures on trust and knowledge sharing and establish dynamic conceptualisations of both concepts. Second, to develop an integration of trust development and knowledge sharing in a dynamic setting; and finally, to offer the TD/KS model, which describes how alliances are formed, developed and dissolved, based on levels of trust and knowledge sharing between partners. We conclude our paper with theoretical and practical applications of our proposed model.
Control of nucleation of protein crystals (1994)

Control of nucleation may be needed to obtain a reliable supply of large protein crystals, when standard techniques give many small or twinned crystals. Heterogeneous nucleation may be controlled by the use of fine filters, with the elimination of airborne contaminants by working under paraffin oil. The area of contact with the supporting vessel also has an important effect. A heterogenous nucleant for lysozyme (identified earlier) has been shown to be effective for carboxypeptidase G2. Control of homogeneous nucleation (previously demonstrated by dilutions of a nucleating sample after various times of incubation) may also be achieved by incubating a sample at 1 temperature, where nucleation can occur, and changing the temperature to conditions where there is growth but no nucleation.
A minimum cost path search algorithm through tile obstacles (2001)

In this paper, based on tile connection graph, we propose an efficient minimum cost path search algorithm through tile obstacles. This search algorithm is faster than previous graph based algorithm and unlike previous tile based algorithms, this algorithm finds the minimum cost path.
Optimization of portable pulse oximetry through Fourier analysis (2002)

Portable pulse oximetry requires new techniques to minimize hardware expense, footprint, and power consumption. To optimize portability, fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis was used as an alternative method to calculate hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) values. The following variables were used for FFT optimization: (i) total collection period; (ii) number of discrete data points; (iii) data sampling rate; and (iv) resolution in the spectral analysis output. The objective was to discover the minimum sampling rate and minimum number of discrete data points which would maintain SpO2 accuracy. Preliminary results indicate that a 15 Hz data sampling rate over a 4.3 second collection period maintains acceptable SpO2 accuracy via a 64 point FFT computation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Matrix register file and extended subwords (2005)

In this paper we employ two techniques suitable for embedded media processors. The first technique, extended subwords, uses four extra bits for every byte in a media register. This allows many SIMD operations to be performed without overflow and avoids packing/unpacking conversion overhead because of mismatch between storage and computational formats. The second technique, the Matrix Register File (MRF), allows flexible row-wise as well as column-wise access to the register file. It is useful for many block-based multimedia kernels such as (I)DCT, 2x2 Haar Transform, and pixel padding. In addition, we propose a few new media instructions. We employ Modified MMX (MMMX), MMX with extended subwords, to evaluate these techniques. Our results show that MMMX combined with an MRF reduces the dynamic number of instructions by up to 80% compared to other multimedia extensions such as MMX
Extraction of acetonitrile from aqueous solutions. 1. Ternary liquid equilibriums (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtraction of acetonitrile from aqueous solutions. 1. Ternary liquid equilibriumsC. Venkata Siva Rama Rao, K. Venkateswara Rao, A. Raviprasad, and C. ChiranjiviCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1978, 23, 1, 23–25Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60076a009https://doi.org/10.1021/je60076a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of the vibrating system of a multipinhole-plate ultrasonic nebulizer on its performance (1986)

A multipinhole-plate ultrasonic atomizer was experimentally optimized, employing a bender bimorph vibrator structure made up of a thin pinhole plate and a circular ring piezoelectric element. Effects of the vibration mode upon the performance were studied in terms of the sound pressure generation and the behavior of bubbles caused by cavitation. The performance was also examined with regard to the number of pinholes and the shape of the pinhole plate. As a result, the atomizer was proved to be able to jet and nebulize ordinary liquid most efficiently by the second harmonic vibration mode if the vibrating system is supported along the circumference of the ring piezoelectric element. It was also proved that the maximum atomizing rate is approximately proportional to the number of pinholes and that the spray pattern can easily be controlled by changing the shape of the pinhole plate.
Self-Assembly of n-Alkanethiolate Monolayers on Silver Nanostructures: Protective Encapsulation (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-Assembly of n-Alkanethiolate Monolayers on Silver Nanostructures: Protective EncapsulationWenjie Li, J. A. Virtanen, and R. M. PennerCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 11, 4361–4365Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00011a031https://doi.org/10.1021/la00011a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Copper stimulates proliferation of human endothelial cells under culture (1998)

Copper ions stimulate proliferation of human umbilical artery and vein endothelial cells but not human dermal fibroblasts or arterial smooth muscle cells. Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells for 48 h with 500 microM CuSO4 in a serum-free medium in the absence of exogenous growth factors results in a twofold increase in cell number, similar to the cell number increase induced by 20 ng/ml of basic fibroblast growth factor under the same conditions. Copper-induced proliferation of endothelial cells is not inhibited by 10% fetal bovine serum or by the presence of antibodies against a variety of angiogenic, growth, and chemotactic factors including angiogenin, fibroblast growth factors, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, macrophage/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. Moreover, despite the previous observations that copper increased total specific binding of 125I-angiogenin to endothelial cells, binding to the 170 kDa receptor is not changed; hence, the mitogenic activity of angiogenin is not altered by copper. Copper-induced proliferation, along with early reports that copper induces migration of endothelial cells, may suggest a possible mechanism for the involvement of copper in the process of angiogenesis.