gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-2 inhibits graft-versus-host disease-promoting activity of CD4+ cells while preserving CD4- and CD8-mediated graft-versus-leukemia effects (1994)

We have recently shown that a short course of high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) can markedly inhibit the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)- promoting activity of donor CD4+ T cells. The difficulty in dissociating GVHD-promoting from graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects of alloreactive donor T cells currently prevents clinical bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from fulfilling its full potential. To test the capacity of IL-2 treatment to promote such a dissociation, we have developed a new murine transplantable acute myelogenous leukemia model using a class II major histocompatibility complex-positive BALB/c Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced promonocytic leukemia, 2B-4–2. BALB/c mice receiving 2.5 x 10(5) 2B-4–2 cells intravenously 1 week before irradiation and syngeneic BMT died from leukemia within 2 to 4 weeks after BMT. Administration of syngeneic spleen cells and/or a 2.5- day course of IL-2 treatment alone did not inhibit leukemic mortality. In contrast, administration of non-T-cell-depleted fully allogeneic B10 (H-2b) spleen cells and T-cell-depleted B10 marrow led to a significant delay in leukemic mortality in IL-2-treated mice. In these animals GVHD was inhibited by IL-2 treatment. GVL effects were mediated entirely by donor CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Remarkably, IL-2 administration did not diminish the magnitude of the GVL effect of either T-cell subset. This was surprising, because CD4-mediated GVHD was inhibited in the same animals in which CD4-mediated GVL effects were not reduced by IL-2 treatment. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which GVHD and GVL effects of a single unprimed alloreactive T-cell subset can be dissociated; different CD4 activities promote GVHD and GVL effects, and the former, but not the latter activities are inhibited by treatment with IL-2.
Targeted genome modifications in soybean with CRISPR/Cas9 (2015)

The CRISPR/Cas9 is a simple, efficient, and highly specific genome editing tool in soybean. Although some vectors are more efficient than others, it is possible to edit duplicated genes relatively easily. The vectors and methods developed here will be useful for the application of CRISPR/Cas9 to soybean and other plant species.
Structure and properties of pharmacologically active polymers (1975)

Abstract Although the concept of using pharmacologically active macromolecular compounds as drugs is still regarded with much skepticism for both theoretical and practical reasons, interest in this field has grown in recent years because of the opportunity to take advantage of the specific properties of polymeric materials. For low molecular weight drugs, changes in structure often lead to a loss of specific activity. On the other hand, the properties of macromolecular drugs depend on the structure of the polymer used and this can be varied over a wide range by the incorporation of comonomer units, by the application of polymer‐analogous reactions, or by related structural changes. A new model is presented for pharmacologically active polymers which incorporates the possibility for continuous variation in (a) solubility and toxicity, (b) fixation and removal of active material, and (c) body distribution. Using the new model as a guide, examples of the synthesis and study of the biological activity of various macromolecular drugs are presented in order to emphasize the importance of this cooperative effort between polymer research and therapeutic problems.
Factors required for bone marrow stromal fibroblast colony formation in vitro (1997)

Marrow stromal fibroblasts (MSFs) are essential for the formation of the haemopoietic microenvironment and bone; however, regulation of MSF proliferation is poorly understood. MSF colony formation was studied in primary mouse and human marrow cell cultures. After a brief exposure to serum, MSF colony formation occurred in the absence of both serum and non-adherent marrow cells, if medium conditioned by marrow cells was present (serum-free conditioned medium, SF-CM). In mouse and human cultures stimulated to proliferate by SF-CM, neutralizing antibodies against PDGF, TGF-beta, bFGF and EGF specifically suppressed MSF colony formation. The degree of supression was species-dependent, with the most profound inhibition achieved in mouse cultures by anti-PDGF, anti-bFGF and anti-EGF, and in human cultures by anti-PDGF and anti-TGF-beta. Serum-free medium not conditioned by marrow cells (SFM) did not support MSF colony formation. In mouse cultures in SFM, human recombinant bFGF and bovine natural bFGF were able to partially substitute for the stimulating effect of SF-CM. Other growth factors, including TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, PDGF, EGF, IL-6, IGF-I and IGF-II, showed no activity when tested alone. In human cultures in SFM, none of the growth factors, alone or in combination, stimulated MSF colony formation. Mouse and human MSFs grown in SF-CM formed bone and a haemopoietic microenvironment when transplantated into immunodeficient mice in vivo, and therefore were functionally equivalent to MSFs generated in the presence of serum. These data indicate that stimulation of the initial proliferation of an MSF precursor cell is complex, and requires participation of at least four growth factors: PDGF, bFGF, TGF-beta and EGF. In addition, mouse and human MSF precursor cells have different requirements for each of the growth factors.
Development of absorption furosemide prodrugs: synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. (1992)

Six acyloxymethyl esters of Furosemide were synthesized and the structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Lipophilicity parameters were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hydrolysis performances in human plasma and intestinal fluids anticipate their properties as absorption prodrugs of Furosemide. A bioavailability study carried out with 8 male Wistar rats with one of the synthesized prodrug (acetyloxymethyl 4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilate) showed a greater absorption in relation to Furosemide. The percentages of mean urinary recovery of Furosemide for the prodrug and for the standard solution of the drug were 20.84 and 14.36 respectively. The doses were 10 mg/Kg in Furosemide. The analytical determinations of Furosemide in biological fluids were done by HPLC.
Multi‐gene amplification: simultaneous detection of three virulence genes in diarrhoeal stool (1989)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Shigella account for a substantial proportion of acute diarrhoeal illnesses among Third-World children. Rapid detection of these infectious agents in faeces followed by the prompt implementation of public health measures could help reduce their spread during the early phase of epidemics. Towards this end, three pairs of synthetic oligonucleotide primers were prepared and shown to hybridize specifically to the genes encoding the heat-stable (ST) and the heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins of ETEC and to invasion-associated loci (ial) of the large Shigella virulence plasmid. When the three primer pairs were used together in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the three corresponding genetic loci could be simultaneously amplified using DNA extracted directly from stool; the amplified products were readily detected by ST-, LT- and ial-specific, alkaline phosphatase-labelled oligonucleotide probes (AP probes). The performance of this system was evaluated in a Mayan community in southeastern Mexico, where diarrhoeal illnesses are a common cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Using only simple and inexpensive laboratory equipment, multigene amplification with these primers and probes led to the identification of ETEC and/or Shigella in the stools of 20 out of 71 children with diarrhoea; the procedure could be completed in seven hours and was more sensitive than conventional diagnostic tests or DNA probes used without amplification.
EFFECTS OF NON-NUTRITIVE SUCKING ON NUTRITIVE SUCKING, BREATHING, AND BEHAVIOR DURING BOTTLE FEEDINGS OF PRETERM INFANTS (2004)

In this sample, the use of prefeeding NNS did not affect NS, breathing during feeding, or select behavioral characteristics of feeding.
The binding of haptens by the polypeptide chains of rabbit antibody molecules (1973)

1. The binding of haptens by the polypeptide chains derived from two rabbit immunoglobulin G antibodies was examined by gel chromatography and equilibrium dialysis. 2. The gamma chains were examined in a dilute sodium acetate buffer, pH5.4, in which they exist as a monodisperse solution of dimers; aggregation of the protein promoted by some haptens had to be avoided. These chains exhibited variable extents of binding, reflecting the specificities of the parent antibody molecules, usually with only small increments above the binding by gamma chains from normal immunoglobulin G. 3. The light chains existed as an interconverting mixture of monomers and dimers in all buffers of near neutral pH that were examined. They bound small amounts of hapten, again broadly reflecting the specificities of the parent antibody molecules. 4. For both the gamma and light chains the dimeric state appeared necessary for appreciable binding of hapten. Apparently in each case the partners in the dimer interact in a manner analogous to the gamma chain-light chain interaction in the parent antibody molecule, to give a site analogous to the antibody site. This implies that the binding of antigens by isolated chains has a large fortuitous element, providing no reliable indication of their contributions to the original antibody sites.
Sequence of a mouse germ-line gene for a variable region of an immunoglobulin light chain. (1978)

We have determined the sequence of the DNA of a germ-line gene for the variable region of a mouse immunoglobulin light chain, the VlambdaII gene. The sequence confirms that the variable region gene lies on the DNA separated from the constant region. Hypervariable region codons appear in the germ-line sequence. A sequence for the hydrophobic leader, 19 amino acids that are cleaved from the amino terminus of the protein, appears near, but not continuous with, the light chain structural sequence: most of the leader sequence is separated from the rest of the gene by 93 bases of untranslated DNA.
Poly(2-alkylacrylic acid) polymers deliver molecules to the cytosol by pH-sensitive disruption of endosomal vesicles (2003)

The permeability barrier posed by cell membranes represents a challenge for the delivery of hydrophilic molecules into cells. We previously proposed that poly(2-alkylacrylic acid)s are endocytosed by cells into acidified vesicles and are there triggered by low pH to disrupt membranes and release the contents of endosomes/lysosomes to the cytosol. If this hypothesis is correct, these polymers could be valuable in drug-delivery applications. The present paper reports functional comparisons of a family of three poly(2-alkylacrylic acid)s. Poly(2-propylacrylic acid) (PPAA), poly(2-ethylacrylic acid) (PEAA) and poly(2-methylacrylic acid) (PMAA) were compared in red-blood-cell haemolysis assays and in a lipoplex (liposome-DNA complex) assay. We also directly examined the ability of these polymers to disrupt endosomes and lysosomes in cultured human cells. Our results show that: (i) unlike membrane-disruptive peptides, the endosomal-disruptive ability of poly(2-alkylacrylic acid)s cannot necessarily be predicted from their haemolytic activity at low pH, (ii) PPAA (but not PEAA or PMAA) potently facilitates gene transfection by cationic lipoplexes and (iii) endocytosed poly(2-alkylacrylic acid)s are triggered by luminal acidification to selectively disrupt endosomes (not lysosomes) and release their contents to the cytosol. These results will facilitate the rational design of future endosomal-disrupting polymers for drug delivery.
Changes in the structure of the accretion disc of HS1804+67 through the outburst cycle (2000)

We report on the analysis of high-speed photometry of the dwarf-nova HS1804+67 through its outburst cycle with eclipse mapping techniques. Eclipse maps show evidences of the formation of a spiral structure in the disc at the early stages of the outburst and reveal how the disc expands during the rise until its fills most of the primary Roche lobe at maximum light. During the decline phase, the disc becomes progressively fainter as the cooling front moves inwards from the outer regions, until only a small bright region around the white dwarf is left at minimum light. The variable part of the uneclipsed light is possibly due to emission in a wind emanating from the inner parts of the disc. The emission from this region is sensitive to the mass accretion rate.
Selective fabrication of quasi-parallel single-walled carbon nanotubes on silicon substrates (2010)

We have fabricated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) arrays, about 85% of which are semiconducting. Fe nanoparticles, which were used as a catalyst, were produced simply and cheaply from Wistar rat blood. The SWNT arrays generally grow parallel to the gas flow. Hundreds of devices with varying SWNT density in the channel were measured and we found that the on-off ratio for such devices with the quasi-parallel, semiconducting-rich SWNTs in the channel can be easily increased via an electrical breakdown method. Thus, large-scale fabrication of FET devices is possible simply by controlling the width of the channel. Finally, we determined that the mobility of the devices reached 3900 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1).
Optimization of x‐ray imaging geometry (with specific application to flat‐panel cone‐beam computed tomography) (2000)

A theoretical method is presented that allows identification of optimal x-ray imaging geometry, considering the effects of x-ray source distribution, imaging task, x-ray scatter, and imager detective quantum efficiency (DQE). Each of these factors is incorporated into the ICRU-recommended figure of merit for image quality, the detectability index, which is maximized to determine the optimal system configuration. Cascaded systems analysis of flat-panel imagers (FPIs) is extended to incorporate the effects of x-ray scatter directly in the DQE, showing that x-ray scatter degrades DQE as an additive noise source. Optimal magnification is computed for FPI configurations appropriate to (but not limited to) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The sensitivity of the results is examined as a function of focal spot size, imaging task (e.g., ideal observer detection or discrimination tasks), x-ray scatter fraction, detector resolution, and additive noise. Nominal conditions for FPI-CBCT result in optimal magnification of approximately 1.4-1.6, depending primarily on the magnitude of the x-ray scatter fraction. The methodology is sufficiently general that examination of optimal geometry for other FPI applications (e.g., chest radiography, fluoroscopy, and mammography) is possible. The degree to which increased exposure can be used to compensate for x-ray scatter degradation is quantified.
Closed-Loop Video Processing For Objective Quality Optimization (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Interaction of capillary zone electrophoresis with a sheath flow cuvette detector (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of capillary zone electrophoresis with a sheath flow cuvette detectorYung Fong. Cheng, Shaole. Wu, Da Yong. Chen, and Norman J. DovichiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 5, 496–503Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00204a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00204a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views321Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of an Arabidopsis sucrose synthase gene indicates a role in metabolization of sucrose both during phloem loading and in sink organs (1993)

Sucrose synthase, an important enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, catalyzes the reversible conversion of sucrose and UDP to UDP-glucose and fructose in vitro. To investigate the in vivo function of sucrose synthase, both the gene (Asus1) and a corresponding cDNA from roots of Arabidopsis were isolated. The Asus1 gene has homologies of 67-72% to sucrose synthase genes from other species. Histochemical GUS analysis of Arabidopsis and tobacco plants transformed with a 1.5 kb Asus1 promoter fragment transcriptionally fused to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene showed that the Asus1 gene is expressed in the phloem of leaves, and in roots. Induction is found under conditions of limited ATP supply and increased demand for translocation of carbohydrates such as anaerobic or cold treatment. During anaerobiosis the increase in RNA level leads to increased sucrose synthase activity in roots. The expression pattern and regulation of the gene suggest that sucrose synthase is involved in the supply of energy for phloem loading in source tissues, and in metabolization of sucrose in sink tissues after unloading.
Not on Demand (2017)

Over a century ago alternating current (AC) triumphed over direct current (DC) in the "war of the currents" and ever since AC has been ubiquitous. Increasingly devices operating internally use DC power, hence inefficient conversions from AC to DC are necessarily common. Conversely, domestic photovoltaic (PV) panels produce DC current which must be inverted to AC to integrate with existing wiring, appliances, and/or be exported the power grid. By using batteries, specifically designed DC devices, and the Internet of Things, our infrastructure may be redesigned to improve efficiency. In this provocation, we use design fiction to describe how such a system could be implemented and to open a discussion about the broader implications of such a technological shift on user experience design and interaction design.
Ceramide Path in Human Lung Cell Death (2000)

Lung epithelium plays a significant role in modulating the inflammatory response to lung injury. Airway epithelial cells are targeted by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and oxygen radicals, which are agents commonly produced during inflammatory processes. The mechanisms and molecular sites affected by H(2)O(2) are largely unknown but may involve the induction of sphingomyelin (SM) hydrolysis to generate ceramide, which serves as a second messenger in initiating an apoptotic response. Here we show that exposure of human airway epithelial (HAE) cells to 50 to 100 microM H(2)O(2) induces within 5 to 10 min a greater than 2-fold activation of neutral sphingomyelinase activity with concomitant SM hydrolysis, ceramide generation, and apoptosis. On the other hand, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate inhibits both H(2)O(2)-induced ceramide production and apoptosis. The apoptotic response could be restored by the addition of 25 microM cell-permeant C6-ceramide. These findings indicate that ceramide, the product of SM hydrolysis, plays an important role in H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis in HAE cells, and that PKC counteracts ceramide-mediated apoptosis in these cells. We suggest that the mediation of epithelial cell apoptosis by ceramide and its inhibition by PKC constitute a central mechanism by which inflammatory processes are modulated in the epithelium of the lung.
Random Peptide Libraries: a Source of Specific Protein Binding Molecules (1990)

Libraries of random peptide sequences were constructed and screened to identify peptides that specifically bind to proteins. In one of these about 2 X 10(7) different 15-residue peptide sequences were expressed on the surface of the coliphage M13. Each phage encoded a single random sequence and expressed it as a fusion complex with pIII, a minor coat protein present at five molecules per phage. Phage encoding nine different streptavidin-binding peptide sequences were isolated from this library. The core consensus sequence was His-Pro-Gln and binding of these phage to streptavidin was inhibited by biotin. This type of library makes it possible to identify peptides that bind to proteins (or other macromolecules) that have no previously known affinity for peptides.
Side readout of long scintillation crystal elements with digital SiPM for TOF‐DOI PET (2014)

The energy, timing, and DOI resolution information extracted from the side of long scintillation crystal elements coupled to dSiPM have been acquired for the first time. The authors conclude in this proof of concept study that such detector configuration has the potential to enable outstanding detector performance in terms of timing, energy, and DOI resolution.
Molecular Analysis of the Thymidine Kinase Gene of Thymidine Kinase-Deficient Mutants of Varicella-Zoster Virus (1988)

Five thymidine kinase (TK)-deficient mutants of varicella-zoster virus derived from the Oka vaccine strain were examined to determine the state of transcription of the TK gene, and the DNA sequences of two of the mutants and the parent strain were investigated. Restriction endonuclease analysis revealed no major alteration of whole genome organization, but did reveal a minor change of the cleaved fragment in size. Northern blot analysis showed that the transcripts from the TK gene of all five mutants were of the same size as that of the parent strain (1.6 kb). DNA sequences of the TK gene of the parent strain and those of two mutants were determined. One had a base substitution (C to T) in the coding region of TK, resulting in the termination of amino acid elongation in the 68th amino acid of 341. The other had a two-base deletion (AT) in the coding region, resulting in a frame shift from the 126th amino acid and termination at the 162nd amino acid. Both mutants had premature stop codons which might result in the synthesis of nonfunctional TK polypeptides. Thus, the molecular basis of TK deficiency was determined.
Further Brominated Bis- and Tris-Indole Alkaloids from the Deep-Water New Caledonian Marine Sponge Orina sp. (1995)

Two tris-indole alkaloids, (+/-) gelliusines A and B [1], have been isolated for the first time from a marine source, the New Caledonian sponge, Orina sp. (or Gellius sp.), along with five further indole constituents [2-6]. Compound 6 has been identified as 2,2-bis-(6'-bromo-3'-indolyl(-ethylamine, previously isolated from the tunicate Didemnum candidum, but the remaining four indoles [2-5] are novel compounds. These showed anti-serotonin activity and a strong affinity for somatostatin and neuropeptide Y receptors in receptor-binding assays.