gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human colony-stimulating factor-producing lung cancer tissue releases a differentiation-inducing factor for human leukemic cells. (1987)

Human lung cancer that induced marked granulocytosis in both the patient and tumor-transplanted nude mice (G2 mice) and from which conditioned medium (G2-T-CM) exhibited human and mouse active colony-stimulating activity (CSA) has been reported (K. Ikeda et al. Cancer Res 1985; 45:4144-4249). Recently, we found differentiation-inducing activity (DIA) in G2-T-CM, which differentiated human promyelocytic leukemic cells (HL-60) to macrophage-like cells. Differentiated HL-60 cells were considered to be mature macrophages as judged by the positivity of butyrate esterase activity, the acquisition of Fc receptor, and the increment in capacity of phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. The DIA in G2-T-CM was not attributed to interferons known to have DIA, because interferon activity was not found in G2-T-CM by bioassay (less than 4 U/ml) and by radioimmunoassay for gamma-IFN (less than 0.1 U/ml). Molecular weight of DIA was 36,000 Da and separated from CSA of which molecular weight was 22,000 Da by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. DIA and CSA were also separated on chromatofocusing chromatography, because isoelectric point of DIA was mainly less than 4.0 and that of CSA was 4.3-5.7. This DIA was stable after heat treatment (56 degrees C for 30 min or 100 degrees C for 10 min) and in acidic condition (pH 2.0 for 24 hr). G2-T-CM is a good source of differentiation-inducing factor for further purification and molecular cloning.
Low-Cost Pointing-and-Tracking System for Optical Communications (PATSOC). (1988)

Abstract : This report briefly describes the development of a low-cost, ship-to ship optical communications system (OCS) under a six-month Phase I Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) contract. Laser communication systems have been developed for use at fixed ground stations, aircraft, and satellites. However, they have not been successfully used in ship-to-ship applications. The difficulty is that ships have large, random linear random linear and angular motion, which interferes with holding a narrow-beam laser on an optical receiver. This study prepared a conceptual design of a relatively short range, low-power ship-to-ship system that would operate under severe sea conditions. The emphasis of the study was on the design of a low-cost gimbal set and its associated tracking system. (fr)
Coumarin Derivatives for Medicinal Purposes. VI (1953)

Action of 2-thiocoumarin against ascaris was examined with nerve muscle and muscle preparation of ascaris, and by the forward movement of ascaris, and following results were obtained:1) After application of the compound to nerve muscle preparation of ascaris, increase in bending motion and tonus was observed (samples I and V), or the appearance of bending or curling motion (samples II and IIIA).2) In muscle preparation (samples IIIB and IV), no change was observed after application of the chemical.3) The forward motion of ascaris being observed in U-shaped glass tube disappeared shortly after application of the chemical, and the ascaris simply moved its fore portion, or curled itself. The curling motion was most prominent in 1, 000 dilution of the chemical.From the foregoing results, 2-thiocoumarin was assumed to stimulate the nerve system (including the nerve centers in the head region) of ascaris.
Calorimetric Studies of Metal Binding to Tetracycline. Role of Solvent Structure in Defining the Selectivity of Metal Ion-Drug Interactions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCalorimetric Studies of Metal Binding to Tetracycline. Role of Solvent Structure in Defining the Selectivity of Metal Ion-Drug InteractionsT. Ohyama and J. A. CowanCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 11, 3083–3086Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00115a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (435 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Methylation of 2-Hydroxyestradiol in Isolated Organs (2003)

Vascular smooth muscle and glomerular mesangial cells in culture express a biochemical pathway that methylates 2-hydroxyestradiol (17beta-estradiol metabolite) to produce 2-methoxyestradiol, a cell growth inhibitor that may mediate the cardiorenal protective effects of 17beta-estradiol. Whether this pathway exists in intact organ systems is currently unclear. Accordingly, the purpose of the present investigation was to characterize the methylation of 2-hydroxestradiol in intact organs from both male and female rats. No significant differences were detected in the ability of male and female tissues to methylate 2-hydroxyestradiol. In isolated hearts, kidneys, and mesenteries perfused with Tyrode's solution, Km values for 2-hydroxyestradiol methylation were 0.175+/-0.021, 0.387+/-0.054, and 0.495+/-0.089 micromol/L, respectively, and Vmax values were 21.0+/-1.58, 24.9+/-1.49, and 1.01+/-0.148 pmol 2-methoxyestradiol x min(-1) x ml(-1) per gram, respectively. The catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) was greatest in the heart compared with the kidney and mesentery (132+/-14.3, 78.4+/-15.1, and 2.30+/-0.263 pmol 2-methoxyestradiol x min(-1) x mL(-1) x micromol/L(-1) per gram, respectively). In the kidney, the catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor quercetin and norepinephrine (10 micromol/L) reduced methylation of 2-hydroxyestradiol by approximately 90% and 41%, respectively. Importantly, methylation in the kidney was inhibited by an average of 16.6+/-1.80% by endogenous norepinephrine released by renal artery nerve stimulation. Our results indicate that a robust 2-hydroxyestradiol methylation pathway exists in the kidney and heart, but not in the mesentery, and that this pathway is mediated by catechol-O-methyltransferase. Our findings also suggest that catecholamines may interfere with 2-hydroxyestradiol methylation and thereby attenuate the cardiorenal protective effects of 17beta-estradiol.
iNextCube (2009)

Nowadays, most business, administration, and/or scientific databases contain both structured attributes and text attributes. We call a database that consists of both multidimensional structured data and narrative text data as multidimensional text database . Searching, OLAP, and mining such databases pose many research challenges. To enhance the power of data analysis, interesting entities and relationships can be extracted from such databases to derive heterogeneous information networks, which in turn will substantially increase the power and flexibility of data exploration in such databases. Based on our previous studies on TextCube [1], TopicCube [2], and information network analysis, such as RankClus [3] and NetClus [4], we construct iNextCube , an i nformation- N etwork- e nhanced te xt Cube . In this demo, we show the power of iNextCube in the search and analysis of two multidimensional text databases: (i) a DBLP-based CS bibliographic database, and (ii) an online news database.
Knockdown of BACE1‐AS Nonprotein‐Coding Transcript Modulates Beta‐Amyloid‐Related Hippocampal Neurogenesis (2011)

Background. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological disorder and the main cause of dementia in the elderly population worldwide. Adult neurogenesis appears to be upregulated very early in AD pathogenesis in response to some specific aggregates of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, exhausting the neuronal stem cell pools in the brain. Previously, we characterized a conserved nonprotein-coding antisense transcript for β-secretase-1 (BACE1), a critical enzyme in AD pathophysiology. We showed that the BACE1-antisense transcript (BACE1-AS) is markedly upregulated in brain samples from AD patients and promotes the stability of the (sense) BACE1 transcript. In the current paper, we examine the relationship between BACE1, BACE1-AS, adult neurogenesis markers, and amyloid plaque formation in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice (Tg-19959) of various ages. Results. Consistent with previous publications in other APP overexpressing mouse models, we found adult neurogenesis markers to be noticeably upregulated in Tg-19959 mice very early in the development of the disease. Knockdown of either one of BACE1 or BACE1-AS transcripts by continuous infusion of locked nucleic acid- (LNA-) modified siRNAs into the third ventricle over the period of two weeks caused concordant downregulation of both transcripts in Tg-19959 mice. Downregulation of BACE1 mRNA was followed by reduction of BACE1 protein and insoluble Aβ. Modulation of BACE1 and BACE1-AS transcripts also altered oligomeric Aβ aggregation pattern, which was in turn associated with an increase in neurogenesis markers at the RNA and protein level. Conclusion. We found alterations in the RNA and protein concentrations of several adult neurogenesis markers, as well as non-protein-coding BACE1-AS transcripts, in parallel with the course of β-amyloid synthesis and aggregation in the brain of Tg15999 mice. In addition, by knocking down BACE1 or BACE1-AS (thereby reducing Aβ production and plaque deposition), we were able to modulate expression of these neurogenesis markers. Our findings suggest a distortion of adult neurogenesis that is associated with Aβ production very early in amyloid pathogenesis. We believe that these alterations, at the molecular level, could prove useful as novel therapeutic targets and/or as early biomarkers of AD.
Expression of apoptosis-related proteins and structural features of cell death in explanted aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts (2001)

This study aimed to investigate the features of cell death occurring in aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts. Human aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts with angiographic luminal stenosis of > 75% were explanted from 14 patients at redo coronary artery bypass grafting. Proteins associated with apoptotic pathways were identified immunohistochemically using antibodies to Bcl-2, Fas, BAX, p53 and CPP32. Cells undergoing DNA fragmentation were identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). DNA synthesis was investigated using the antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Ultrastructural features of cell death were examined by electron microscopy. Anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic (Bax, p53, CPP32 and Fas) proteins were expressed throughout the graft wall, but marked differences in the characteristics of cell death were noted between atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic areas of the intima. In atherosclerotic areas, pro-apoptotic proteins were widely expressed, but ultrastructural analysis failed to identify cells showing typical features of apoptosis. In these areas, necrotic cells were frequently observed, with negative correlation of Bcl-2 expression with TUNEL. Pro-apoptotic proteins showed no correlation with TUNEL. In contrast, in non-atherosclerotic areas of vein grafts, the expression of both anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic proteins (p53, Bax and CPP32) correlated with TUNEL. In atherosclerotic areas, non-atherosclerotic intimal areas, and in the underlying media, the numbers of TUNEL+ cells correlated with PCNA positivity. Ultrastructurally, apoptotic bodies and features of necrosis were observed in non-atherosclerotic areas of grafts. The present observations indicate that in atherosclerotic areas, cell death occurs mainly by necrosis, while in non-atherosclerotic areas, cell death occurs by both necrosis and apoptosis. An imbalance between DNA fragmentation and DNA synthesis may contribute to graft instability and failure.
Insurance Rate Changing: A Fuzzy Logic Approach (1996)

This article describes how fuzzy logic can be used to make insurance pricing decisions that consistently consider supplementary data, including vague or linguistic objectives of the insurer. The theory of fuzzy logic was developed in the 1970s to improve the accuracy and efficiency of expert systems, and through it, one can account for vague notions whose boundaries are not clearly defined. Using group health insurance data from an insurance company, I show how to build and finetune fuzzy logic models for changing rates to reflect supplementary data.
Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Selective Inhibition of T-Cell Activation with Fusion Protein CTLA4Ig (2003)

In patients with active rheumatoid arthritis who were receiving methotrexate, treatment with CTLA4Ig significantly improved the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and the health-related quality of life. CTLA4Ig is a promising new therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Increased Hepatic CD36 Expression Contributes to Dyslipidemia Associated With Diet-Induced Obesity (2007)

Increased expression of hepatic CD36 protein in response to DIO is sufficient to exacerbate hepatic triglyceride storage and secretion. As these CD36-mediated effects contribute to the dyslipidemia that often precedes the development of type 2 diabetes, increased hepatic CD36 expression likely plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
L-Asparaginase: Toxicity to Normal and Leukemic Human Lymphocytes (1967)

Quantitative in vitro tests showed that purified preparations of L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli were more toxic to blood lymphocytes from 12 of 15 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia than to lymphocytes from 25 persons with normal hemograms. Incubation for 7 days with 10 units per milliliter killed, on the average, 77 percent of leukemic and 34 percent of normal lymphocytes. The reagent produced appreciable toxicity to leukemic lymphocytes after 2 days of incubation.
Synthesis of Tetraoctylammonium-Protected Gold Nanoparticles with Improved Stability (2005)

This paper shows that an introduction of thiosulfate anions in place of bromide anions greatly improves both chemical and thermal stability of tetraoctylammonium-protected gold nanoparticles. Tetraoctylammonium thiosulfate [(Oct)4N+-O3SS]-protected gold nanoparticles are synthesized by the reduction of (Oct)4N+-AuCl4 to Au(I)-SSO3-, followed by the addition of sodium borohydride. The presence of thiosulfate anions instead of bromide anions on the surface of gold nanoparticles results in a significant dampening of the surface plasmon band of gold at 526 nm due to the strong interaction between thiosulfate and the gold nanoparticle surface. Cyanide decomposition and heating treatment studies suggest that (Oct)4N+-O3SS-protected nanoparticles have much higher overall stability compared to (Oct)4N+-Br-protected gold nanoparticles.
Enhanced Expression of the CD71 Mesangial IgA1 Receptor in Berger Disease and Henoch-Schönlein Nephritis (2003)

ABSTRACT. IgA nephropathy (IgA-N) that comprises Berger disease and Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) nephritis is defined by mesangial IgA deposits. Recently, this group has characterized a new receptor for IgA, the transferrin receptor (CD71), expressed on mesangial cells. To assess whether CD71 was involved in the pathogenesis of IgA-N, its expression was analyzed together with IgA deposits on 16 kidney biopsies from 16 patients with Berger disease (n = 4) or HSP (n = 12). These biopsies were compared with 17 kidney biopsies of a group of 15 patients (control group) with other glomerulonephritis, including systemic lupus erythematosus, poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, steroid-sensitive minimal change nephrotic syndrome, steroid-resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, and persistent and isolated proteinuria with minimal change on kidney biopsy. In this control group, IgA deposits could be observed in eight kidney biopsies of seven patients. These biopsies were also compared with normal kidney specimens (normal group). In normal kidney, it was found that CD71 was linearly expressed on tubular epithelium but was either not expressed or very dimly in glomeruli. In contrast, CD71 was strongly expressed in 105 of the 107 glomeruli of the kidney biopsies from the IgA-N group. For the control group, it was found that expression of CD71 in glomeruli was correlated to the presence of IgA deposits. Indeed, among the 87 glomeruli of nine kidney biopsies (eight patients) without IgA fixation, 78 exhibited no CD71 expression and nine exhibited a very dim one. On the other hand, all 49 glomeruli of the eight kidney biopsies (seven patients) in which IgA deposits were detected exhibited CD71 expression (P < 10(-4)). Performance of dual-labeling studies with confocal microscopy on kidney biopsies of IgA-N patients demonstrated that most of the IgA deposits co-localized with CD71. It was also demonstrated that the intensity of the expression of CD71 was not linked to the intensity of clinical or biologic findings but to the intensity of cellular proliferation in both IgA-N and control groups. These results show that mesangial CD71 expression is not specific to IgA-N. However, the association between IgA deposits and CD71 expression and their co-localization in the mesangium provide strong evidence that CD71 is a major IgA receptor on mesangial cells.
Endonuclease IV of Escherichia coli is induced by paraquat. (1987)

The addition of paraquat (methyl viologen) to a growing culture of Escherichia coli K-12 led within 1 hr to a 10- to 20-fold increase in the level of endonuclease IV, a DNase for apurinic/apyrimidinic sites. The induction was blocked by chloramphenicol. Increases of 3-fold or more were also seen with plumbagin, menadione, and phenazine methosulfate. H2O2 produced no more than a 2-fold increase in endonuclease IV activity. The following agents had no significant effect: streptonigrin, nitrofurantoin, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, gamma rays, 260-nm UV radiation, methyl methanesulfonate, mitomycin C, and ascorbate. Paraquat, plumbagin, menadione, and phenazine methosulfate are known to generate superoxide radical anions via redox cycling in vivo. A mutant lacking superoxide dismutase was unusually sensitive to induction by paraquat. In addition, endonuclease IV could be induced by merely growing the mutant in pure O2. The levels of endonuclease IV in uninduced or paraquat-treated cells were unaffected by mutations of oxyR, a H2O2-inducible gene that governs an oxidative-stress regulon. The results indicate that endonuclease IV is an inducible DNA-repair enzyme and that its induction can be mediated via the production of superoxide radicals.
Effective Cancer Therapy Through Immunomodulation (2005)

MAbs directed toward tumor cells, tumor neovasculature, and host negative immunoregulatory elements (checkpoints) have emerged as useful immunotherapeutic agents against cancer. However, effective active modulation of the immune response with anticancer vaccines will require identifying appropriate tumor-rejection antigens; optimizing the interactions of peptides, antigen-presenting cells, and T cells; and blockading negative immunological checkpoints that impede an effective immune response. Checkpoints being targeted include CTLA-4 and PD1 that are negative signaling receptors expressed on activated T cells, CD4+CD25+ Foxp3-expressing Tregs (suppressor T cells), IL-2-mediated activation-induced cell death (AICD), and the cytokine TGFbeta.
A novel member of the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase superfamily from Caenorhabditis elegans preferentially catalyses the N-acetylation of thialysine [S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine] (2004)

The putative diamine N-acetyltransferase D2023.4 has been cloned from the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The 483 bp open reading frame of the cDNA encodes a deduced polypeptide of 18.6 kDa. Accordingly, the recombinantly expressed His6-tagged protein forms an enzymically active homodimer with a molecular mass of approx. 44000 Da. The protein belongs to the GNAT (GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase) superfamily, and its amino acid sequence exhibits considerable similarity to mammalian spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferases. However, neither the polyamines spermidine and spermine nor the diamines putrescine and cadaverine were efficiently acetylated by the protein. The smaller diamines diaminopropane and ethylenediamine, as well as L-lysine, represent better substrates, but, surprisingly, the enzyme most efficiently catalyses the N-acetylation of amino acids analogous with L-lysine. As determined by the k(cat)/K(m) values, the C. elegans N-acetyltransferase prefers thialysine [S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine], followed by O-(2-aminoethyl)-L-serine and S-(2-aminoethyl)-D,L-homocysteine. Reversed-phase HPLC and mass spectrometric analyses revealed that N-acetylation of L-lysine and L-thialysine occurs exclusively at the amino moiety of the side chain. Remarkably, heterologous expression of C. elegans N-acetyltransferase D2023.4 in Escherichia coli, which does not possess a homologous gene, results in a pronounced resistance against the anti-metabolite thialysine. Furthermore, C. elegans N-acetyltransferase D2023.4 exhibits the highest homology with a number of GNATs found in numerous genomes from bacteria to mammals that have not been biochemically characterized so far, suggesting a novel group of GNAT enzymes closely related to spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase, but with a distinct substrate specificity. Taken together, we propose to name the enzyme 'thialysine N(epsilon)-acetyltransferase'.
Persistent Suppression of Ocular Neovascularization with Intravitreal Administration of AAVrh.10 Coding for Bevacizumab (2011)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, is efficacious for these disorders, but requires monthly intravitreal administration, with associated discomfort, cost, and adverse event risk. We hypothesized that a single intravitreal administration of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector expressing bevacizumab would result in persistent eye expression of bevacizumab and suppress VEGF-induced retinal neovascularization. We constructed an AAV rhesus serotype rh.10 vector to deliver bevacizumab (AAVrh.10BevMab) and assessed its ability to suppress neovascularization in transgenic mice overexpressing human VEGF165 in photoreceptors. Intravitreal AAVrh.10BevMab directed long-term bevacizumab expression in the retinal pigmented epithelium. Treated homozygous mice had reduced levels of neovascularization, with 90±4% reduction 168 days following treatment. Thus, a single administration of AAVrh.10BevMab provides long-term suppression of neovascularization without the costs and risks associated with the multiple administrations required for the current conventional bevacizumab monoclonal drug delivery.