gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Bone Resorption by Semaphorin 4D Is Dependent on Ovarian Function (2011)

Osteoporosis is one of the most common bone pathologies, which are characterized by a decrease in bone mass. It is well established that bone mass, which results from a balanced bone formation and bone resorption, is regulated by many hormonal, environmental and genetic factors. Here we report that the immune semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is a novel factor controlling bone resorption. Sema4D-deficient primary osteoclasts showed impaired spreading, adhesion, migration and resorption due to altered ß3 integrin sub-unit downstream signaling. In apparent accordance with these in vitro results, Sema4D deletion in sexually mature female mice led to a high bone mass phenotype due to defective bone resorption by osteoclasts. Mutant males, however, displayed normal bone mass and the female osteopetrotic phenotype was only detected at the onset of sexual maturity, indicating that, in vivo, this intrinsic osteoclast defect might be overcome in these mice. Using bone marrow cross transplantation, we confirmed that Sema4D controls bone resorption through an indirect mechanism. In addition, we show that Sema4D -/- mice were less fertile than their WT littermates. A decrease in Gnrh1 hypothalamic expression and a reduced number of ovarian follicles can explain this attenuated fertility. Interestingly, ovariectomy abrogated the bone resorption phenotype in Sema4D -/- mice, providing the evidence that the observed high bone mass phenotype is strictly dependent on ovarian function. Altogether, this study reveals that, in vivo, Sema4D is an indirect regulator of bone resorption, which acts via its effect on reproductive function.
Kappa and Hirschberg Ratio Measured with an Automated Video Gaze Tracker (2002)

(1) The video gaze tracker measured fixation with an angular resolution high enough to display the eye position during reading of individual words on the computer screen. (2) The applicable Hirschberg ratio changed with the power of the spectacles of the subjects by about 3% per diopter. (3) In some subjects, there were significant differences in the geometry of both eyeballs, which may be important in the analysis of strabismus. (4) Consistent with the assumption of retinal stretching, the linear distance of the fovea from the optical axis appeared to increase in myopia.
Potential Use of Remote Telesonography as a Transformational Technology in Underresourced and/or Remote Settings (2013)

Mortality and morbidity from traumatic injury are twofold higher in rural compared to urban areas. Furthermore, the greater the distance a patient resides from an organized trauma system, the greater the likelihood of an adverse outcome. Delay in timely diagnosis and treatment contributes to this penalty, regardless of whether the inherent barriers are geographic, cultural, or socioeconomic. Since ultrasound is noninvasive, cost-effective, and portable, it is becoming increasingly useful for remote/underresourced (R/UR) settings to avoid lengthy patient travel to relatively inaccessible medical centers. Ultrasonography is a user-dependent, technical skill, and many, if not most, front-line care providers will not have this advanced training. This is particularly true if care is being provided by out-of-hospital, "nontraditional" providers. The human exploration of space has forced the utilization of information technology (IT) to allow remote experts to guide distant untrained care providers in point-of-care ultrasound to diagnose and manage both acute and chronic illness or injuries. This paradigm potentially brings advanced diagnostic imaging to any medical interaction in a setting with internet connectivity. This paper summarizes the current literature surrounding the development of teleultrasound as a transformational technology and its application to underresourced settings.
Induction of apoptosis by homoharringtonine in G1 phase human chronic myeloid leukemic cells. (2005)

HHT has apoptotic effects on K562 cells. The HHT induced apoptosis mainly of the cells in G1 phase and this process required RNA transcription and protein synthesis.
Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease (2010)

Interpretation of clinical trials comparing different drug regimens for Parkinson's disease (PD) is complicated by the different dose intensities used: higher doses of levodopa and, possibly, other drugs produce better symptomatic control but more late complications. To address this problem, conversion factors have been calculated for antiparkinsonian drugs that yield a total daily levodopa equivalent dose (LED). LED estimates vary, so we undertook a systematic review of studies reporting LEDs to provide standardized formulae. Electronic database and hand searching of references identified 56 primary reports of LED estimates. Data were extracted and the mean and modal LEDs calculated. This yielded a standardized LED for each drug, providing a useful tool to express dose intensity of different antiparkinsonian drug regimens on a single scale. Using these conversion formulae to report LEDs would improve the consistency of reporting and assist the interpretation of clinical trials comparing different PD medications.
IgM and IgG Responses to Varicella-Zoster Virus p32/p36 Complex After Chickenpox and Zoster, Congenital and Subclinical Infections, and Vaccination (1989)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) directs the synthesis of a nonglycosylated polypeptide complex with two prominent species with relative molecular masses of 32,000 and 36,000; the p32/p36 complex is present in both the viral nucleocapsid and the nuclear matrix of the infected cell. We have now further characterized the humoral immune response of VZV-infected humans to this complex and established that it is a major viral antigen. Antibodies to VZV p32/p36 were detected in sera from patients with both primary VZV infection (chickenpox) and VZV reactivation (zoster); the response after zoster was more pronounced. When the IgM and IgG components of the immune response were distinguished, IgM to the viral nucleoproteins was observed following chickenpox and zoster and, to a lesser extent, in recipients of VZV vaccine. An IgM response to VZV p32 also was detected during intrauterine VZV infection and subclinical VZV infection.
Laboratory Evaluation of the Abbott Cell DYN 3500 5-Part Differential (1996)

The study reports the performance of the Abbott CD3500 automated hematology analyzer for the enumeration and delineation of leukocyte populations for both adult and pediatric samples, and the ability of this instrument to detect the presence of abnormal cells. Samples from 542 individual patients either attending medical practitioners or during hospitalization were examined and then subdivided for the purposes of this study into 106 samples from newborn infants (< days), 145 samples from older children (15 days to 14 years) with non-oncologic disorders, 100 samples from normal adults, and 191 samples from oncology patient (97 adults and 94 children). The leukocyte differentials provided by both the Abbott CD3500 and the Coulter STKS were compared with those obtained from conventional morphology (two observers, total of 400 leukocytes). The sensitivities and specificities of the blast, immature granulocyte (IG) and NRBC "flags" were also determined. For the non-oncology adult (n=100) and pediatric (n=145) cohorts, automated differentials were given in all samples with the CD3500, whereas the STKS did not provide a differential analysis for 20 of the 145 (14%) pediatric samples, 11 of these were absent for no obvious reason. However, for the evaluable cases, the performances of the CD3500 and the STKS were broadly similar and generally correlated well with the manual reference procedure. The results for the newborn samples were less consistent with wider 95% confidence intervals (CI) noted. For example, the CD3500 (which reported a differential for all 106 samples studied) gave CI values of +/-14.4% for neutrophils, +/-14.6% for lymphocytes and +/-8.1% for monocytes. For comparison, the STKS (which did not provide a differential in 15% of 79 samples analyzed; insufficient material being available from the remaining 27 of 106 newborn samples) gave CI values of +/-21.9% for neutrophils, +/-23.5% for lymphocytes and +/-8.2% for monocytes. For all samples, the sensitivity of the blast flag on the CD3500 was 85% with a specificity of 91% (STKS: sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 85%); the sensitivity of the CD3500 IG flag was 72% with a specificity of 76% (STKS: sensitivity, 75%: specificity, 73%); and the sensitivity of the NRBC flag was 43% with a specificity of 94%(STKS sensitivity, 37%; specificity, 88%). This study confirms competitive performance levels for the CD3500 in the analysis of normal adult samples and suggests positive performance advantages in the study of neonatal, pediatric, and leukopenic samples.
Cytometric detection of DNA amplified with fluorescent primers: applications to analysis of clonal bcl-2 and IgH gene rearrangements in malignant lymphomas (1994)

Follicular lymphomas comprise almost two thirds of the US adult non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and are the most common malignancy of B-lineage lymphocytes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols have been developed to detect the t(14;18) translocation, which juxtaposes the bcl-2 proto-oncogene to the Ig heavy-chain (IgH) gene in 85% of follicular lymphomas and monoclonal rearrangements of the IgH gene in B-cell NHL that lack bcl-2 rearrangements. We used PCR to amplify bcl-2 and IgH rearrangements in DNA from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and analyzed the products in parallel by gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry, which detected PCR products incorporating fluoresceinated oligonucleotide primers by sequence-specific capture to oligonucleotide-coated magnetic beads. Overall, flow cytometry was superior to electrophoresis of ethidium-bromide-stained agarose gels for detection of products of nested PCR to detect intergenic rearrangements involving bcl-2 and single primer-pair amplification of clonal rearrangement of IgH. Flow cytometric analysis detected bcl-2 translocations in 12 of 13 CD10+ B-cell lymphomas and clonal IgH rearrangements in 14 of 17 monoclonal B-cell populations. In contrast, analysis by gel electrophoresis detected bcl-2 translocations in only 10 of 13 CD10+ and clonal IgH gene rearrangements in only 9 of 17 monoclonal B-cell populations. Flow cytometric analysis was more sensitive than gel electrophoresis and could detect a 16-fold greater dilution of a bcl-2-amplified product than gel electrophoresis. Similarly, flow cytometry could detect an amplification product when template DNA was diluted 10,000-fold, whereas gel electrophoresis only detected amplification products when template was subjected to dilution between 100- and 1,000-fold. This shows the utility of flow cytometry for the analysis of DNA amplification products incorporating fluorochrome-labeled primers as a rapid, objective alternative to conventional strategies. Because current-generation clinical laboratories emphasize automation, flow cytometric analysis of PCR-amplified products shows increased analytic sensitivity and offers a vehicle for automation of DNA amplification tests.
In vivo Evaluation of FimH Antagonists – A Novel Class of Antimicrobials for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection (2012)

The discovery of antimicrobials as β-lactam antibiotics or aminoglycosides revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the extensive use rapidly created the problem of resistant pathogens, which are increasingly difficult to treat. FimH antagonists are a new class of antimicrobials, which target the bacterial adhesion to urothelial cells, a crucial first step in the establishment of urinary tract infections. Because of their different mode of action, FimH antagonists neither kill nor inhibit the growth of bacteria, they should have a reduced potential to generate resistant strains. This mini-review outlines the main problems associated with increasing development of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, it summarizes the currently available in vivo studies in mice for the treatment of urinary tract infections conducted with FimH antagonists.
In Vivo Angiogenic Activity of Interleukins (1990)

Interleukin 1 incorporated into Elvax-40 (ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer consisting of 40% vinyl-acetate by weight) induces a rapid and strong angiogenic stimulus when implanted in rabbit corneas at a distance of 2.5 mm from the limbus. A constant and reproducible neovascular stimulus was observed with 5 ng per implant of recombinant human interleukin 1 alpha or 100 ng per implant of recombinant human interleukin 1 beta. At these concentrations, neither tumor necrosis factor nor interleukin 2 induced any neovascular stimulus. These data are interpreted as an indication for the possible role of interleukin 1 in angiogenesis of ocular (and other) tissues. As interleukin 1 is produced by various cells, it is hypothesized that this molecule may be the "unitarian angiogenic factor."
Adaptive segmentation of MRI data (1996)

Intensity-based classification of MR images has proven problematic, even when advanced techniques are used. Intrascan and interscan intensity inhomogeneities are a common source of difficulty. While reported methods have had some success in correcting intrascan inhomogeneities, such methods require supervision for the individual scan. This paper describes a new method called adaptive segmentation that uses knowledge of tissue intensity properties and intensity inhomogeneities to correct and segment MR images. Use of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm leads to a method that allows for more accurate segmentation of tissue types as well as better visualization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, that has proven to be effective in a study that includes more than 1000 brain scans. Implementation and results are described for segmenting the brain in the following types of images: axial (dual-echo spin-echo), coronal [three dimensional Fourier transform (3-DFT) gradient-echo T1-weighted] all using a conventional head coil, and a sagittal section acquired using a surface coil. The accuracy of adaptive segmentation was found to be comparable with manual segmentation, and closer to manual segmentation than supervised multivariant classification while segmenting gray and white matter.
DNA inversions in the chromosome of Escherichia coli and in bacteriophage Mu: relationship to other site-specific recombination systems. (1983)

The gene product of bacteriophage Mu gin catalyzes a 3,000-base-pair inversion in the DNA of the phage, thus changing its host range. In some strains of Escherichia coli there is a function that can complement Mu gin mutations. This function (pin) was cloned and shown to catalyze an inversion of 1,800 base pairs in the adjacent E. coli DNA (P region). pin- derivatives carry the P region frozen in the (+) or (-) orientation. The function of the switch is not yet clear. The sequences of gin and pin were determined; they exhibit 70% homology. The sequences around the recombination sites of Gin and Pin are also largely homologous; a consensus sequence is derived for the recombination sites of Gin and Pin, and of Hin in Salmonella typhimurium. The amino acid sequences of Gin, Pin, Hin, and TnpR are compared, and the evolutionary relationship between these prokaryotic site-specific recombination systems is discussed.
Potato Sucrose Synthetase: Purification, Properties, and Changes in Activity Associated With Maturation (1969)

Sucrose synthetase activity is high in young potato tubers but decreases markedly during maturation. The activity decreases rapidly after the tubers are harvested and remains low regardless of storage temperature. This enzyme was purified 34-fold from freshly harvested immature potatoes. It catalyzes both cleavage and synthesis of sucrose but the 2 activities differ in a number of ways. The pH optima are 6.6 and 8.8 for sucrose cleavage and synthesis. respectively. Sucrose cleavage is activated 4-fold by mercaptoethanol and is inhibited by Mn(2+). In contrast, sucrose synthesis is activated only slightly by either mercaptoethanol or Mn(2+) alone but 2-fold in the presence of both reagents. However, it was not possible to resolve the 2 activities, their stabilities to partial thermal inactivation are identical, and their ratios are constant over a wide range of activities.
Outcome studies of hip fractures. A functional viewpoint. (1994)

As the success rate for repair of hip fractures continues to increase, emphasis is shifting to outcomes beyond the simple fracture repair to include restoration of function. The orthopaedist's role is critical in understanding, assessing, and determining patient prognosis with respect to functional outcome. Multiple factors are predictive of outcome following hip fracture; these factors may facilitate the orthopaedist's decision making in providing care that will maximize restoration relative to a patient's premorbid ability to walk and live independently. This review of past research summarizes our current knowledge of hip-fracture outcomes and prognostic indicators.
Functional roles and efficiencies of the thioredoxin boxes of calcium-binding proteins 1 and 2 in protein folding (2001)

The rat luminal endoplasmic-recticulum calcium-binding proteins 1 and 2 (CaBP1 and CaBP2 respectively) are members of the protein disulphide-isomerase (PDI) family. They contain two and three thioredoxin boxes (Cys-Gly-His-Cys) respectively and, like PDI, may be involved in the folding of nascent proteins. We demonstrate here that CaBP1, similar to PDI and CaBP2, can complement the lethal phenotype of the disrupted Saccharomyces cerevisiae PDI gene, provided that the natural C-terminal Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu sequence is replaced by His-Asp-Glu-Leu. Both the in vitro RNase AIII-re-activation assays and in vivo pro-(carboxypeptidase Y) processing assays using CaBP1 and CaBP2 thioredoxin (trx)-box mutants revealed that, whereas the three trx boxes in CaBP2 seem to be functionally equivalent, the first trx box of CaBP1 is significantly more active than the second trx box. Furthermore, only about 65% re-activation of denatured reduced RNase AIII could be obtained with CaBP1 or CaBP2 compared with PDI, and the yield of PDI-catalysed reactions was significantly reduced in the presence of either CaBP1 or CaBP2. In contrast with PDI, neither CaBP1 nor CaBP2 could catalyse the renaturation of denatured glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which is a redox-independent process, and neither protein had any effect on the PDI-catalysed refolding of GAPDH. Furthermore, although PDI can bind peptides via its b′ domain, a property it shares with PDIp, the pancreas-specific PDI homologue, and although PDI can bind malfolded proteins such as ‘scrambled’ ribonuclease, no such interactions could be detected for CaBP2. We conclude that: (1) both CaBP2 and CaBP1 lack peptide-binding activity for GAPDH attributed to the C-terminal region of the a′ domain of PDI; (2) CaBP2 lacks the general peptide-binding activity attributed to the b′ domain of PDI; (3) interaction of CaBP2 with substrate (RNase AIII) is different from that of PDI and substrate; and (4) both CaBP2 and CaBP1 may promote oxidative folding by different kinetic pathways.
CREB Mediates Prostaglandin F2α-Induced MUC5AC Overexpression (2009)

Mucus secretion is an important protective mechanism for the luminal lining of open tubular organs, but mucin overproduction in the respiratory tract can exacerbate the inflammatory process and cause airway obstruction. Production of MUC5AC, a predominant gel-forming mucin secreted by airway epithelia, can be induced by various inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins. The two major prostaglandins involved in inflammation are PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha). PGE(2)-induced mucin production has been well studied, but the effect of PGF(2alpha) on mucin production remains poorly understood. To elucidate the effect and underlying mechanism of PGF(2alpha) on MUC5AC production, we investigated the signal transduction of PGF(2alpha) associated with this effect using normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Our results demonstrated that PGF(2alpha) induces MUC5AC overproduction via a signaling cascade involving protein kinase C, ERK, p90 ribosomal S6 protein kinase, and CREB. The regulation of PGF(2alpha)-induced MUC5AC expression by CREB was further confirmed by cAMP response element-dependent MUC5AC promoter activity and by interaction between CREB and MUC5AC promoter. The abrogation of all downstream signaling activities via suppression of each signaling molecule along the pathway indicates that a single pathway from PGF(2alpha) receptor to CREB is responsible for inducing MUC5AC overproduction. As CREB also mediates mucin overproduction induced by PGE(2) and other inflammatory mediators, our findings have important clinical implications for the management of airway mucus hypersecretion.
Association of SNCA with Parkinson: Replication in the Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center Biomarker Study (2011)

This result increases confidence in the notion that in many clinically well-characterized patients, genetic variation in SNCA contributes to "sporadic" disease.
Cloning and characterization of complementary DNA for human tryptase. (1989)

The amino acid sequence of human mast cell tryptase was determined from corresponding cDNA cloned from a lambda ZAP library made with mRNA derived from a human mast cell preparation. Tryptase is the major neutral protease present in human mast cells and serves as a specific marker of mast cells by immunohistologic techniques and as a specific indicator of mast cell activation when detected in biologic fluids. Based on nucleic acid sequence, human tryptase consists of a 244-amino acid catalytic portion of 27,423 D with two putative N-linked carbohydrate binding sites and a 30-amino acid leader sequence of 3,048 D. A His74, Asp120, Ser223 catalytic triad and four cystine groups were identified by analogy to other serine proteases. Regions of amino acid sequence that are highly conserved in serine proteases, in general, were conserved in tryptase. The catalytic portion of human tryptase had an 84% amino acid sequence similarity with that of dog tryptase; their leader sequences had a 67% similarity. Asp217 in the substrate binding pocket of human tryptase is consistent with a specificity for Arg and Lys residues at the site of cleavage (P1), whereas Glu245 is consistent with the known preference of human tryptase for substrates with Arg or Lys also at P3, analogous residues also being present in dog tryptase. Asp244, which is substituted for the Gly found in dog tryptase and in most serine proteases, is present in the putative substrate binding pocket and may confer additional substrate specificity on human tryptase for basic residues. Further studies now can be designed to elucidate these structure-function relationships.
Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation: the Urgent PC®device (2007)

Lower urinary tract disorders, with its main representative the overactive bladder, are an increasing problem that impact patients' quality of life tremendously. Neuromodulative treatment may fill the gap between conservative measures and invasive surgery. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (Urgent PC) is a neuromodulation technique that is minimally invasive and easy to perform. Stimulation is carried out in 12 weekly sessions of 30 min each, through a percutaneously placed needle cephalad to the medial malleolus. Success can be obtained in approximately two-thirds of patients, but the therapy has the disadvantage of the necessity of maintenance therapy. The development of a small implantable device may be the future next step in the evolution of the technique.
Designing SSI clusters with hierarchical checkpointing and single I/O space (1999)

Adopting a new hierarchical checkpointing architecture, the authors develop a single I/O address space for building highly available clusters of computers. They propose a systematic approach to achieving a single system image by integrating existing middleware support with the newly developed features.