gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical brachytherapy with neutron emitting sources and adherence to AAPM TG‐43 dosimetry protocol (1999)

Using Monte Carlo methods, neutron dosimetry for Applicator Tube (AT) type medical sources available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has for the first time been determined in terms of TG‐43 formalism. This approach, as compared to previous “along‐away” formalisms, demonstrates the relative angular independence of dose rate data, when the geometry factor has been removed. As the ORNL‐made AT type sources are considerably physically larger than most clinical sources used today, the radial dose function increases for radii less than 3.0 mm due to breakdown of the line source model. A comparison of the neutron radial dose function with those for other medical sources revealed similarities with that from Differences with respect to previous AT source neutron dosimetry data generally increased at increasing distances. This was attributed to differences in the various AT source models and phantom compositions. The current status of medical source fabrication and calibration procedures at ORNL is presented.
Direct evidence that a human antibody derived from patient serum can promote myelin repair in a mouse model of chronic‐progressive demyelinating disease (2002)

Certain human sera from patients with monoclonal gammopathies contain factors that induce myelin repair in animals with demyelinating disease. We hypothesize that antibodies functionally distinguish the serum of one patient from another. However, pooled normal polyclonal human IgM antibodies also induce remyelination. Definitive proof that specific antibodies are the biologically active components of serum is missing because unquestionably pure preparations of antibody molecules cannot be generated by fractionation. To demonstrate definitively that antibody is the biologically active component of patient serum, recombinant antibody was generated for evaluation in bioassays. The induction of remyelination in vivo requires milligram quantities of antibody. Consequently, an expression system was engineered to express high-titer, recombinant human IgM antibodies in vitro. A resulting recombinant antibody (rHIgM22) was evaluated for its ability to induce remyelination in the Theiler's virus mouse model of chronic-progressive demyelinating disease. We demonstrate that a single recombinant monoclonal antibody recapitulates the key characteristics of patient serum, including binding specificity, the induction of calcium signals in oligodendrocytes in vitro, and the induction of myelin repair within demyelinated plaques in vivo. The rHIgM22 antibody provides a new venue for the analysis of mechanisms governing remyelination and may prove useful in the treatment of demyelinating diseases.
Simultaneous Measurement of β-Amyloid(1–42), Total Tau, and Phosphorylated Tau (Thr181) in Cerebrospinal Fluid by the xMAP Technology (2004)

The new multiparametric method may be able to replace the corresponding ELISA methods.
Desflurane and sevoflurane in elderly patients during general anesthesia: a double blind comparison. (2005)

Patients receiving desflurane reported faster recovery from anesthesia but an earlier and more intense perception of pain after surgery.
Micromachined scanning confocal optical microscope (1996)

We have constructed a miniature confocal optical microscope for monochromatic imaging that uses single-mode fiber illumination and a two-phase off-axis zone plate objective lens. The scanning mechanism consists of two micromachined silicon torsional scanning mirrors with orthogonal axes of rotation. The objective lens is made of fused silica and has a N.A. of 0.24 at lambda = 0.6328 microm, with a 1.0-mm working distance. The device is side looking, with die dimensions of 1.2 mm x 2.5 mm x 6.5 mm. We have measured 1.0-microm resolution over a 100-microm field of view.
Detecting user engagement in everyday conversations (2004)

This paper presents a novel application of speech emotion recognition: estimation of the level of conversational engagement between users of a voice communication system. We begin by using machine learning techniques, such as the support vector machine (SVM), to classify users’ emotions as expressed in individual utterances. However, this alone fails to model the temporal and interactive aspects of conversational engagement. We therefore propose the use of a multilevel structure based on coupled hidden Markov models (HMM) to estimate engagement levels in continuous natural speech. The first level is comprised of SVM-based classifiers that recognize emotional states, which could be (e.g.) discrete emotion types or arousal/valence levels. A high-level HMM then uses these emotional states as input, estimating users’ engagement in conversation by decoding the internal states of the HMM. We report experimental results obtained by applying our algorithms to the LDC EMOTIONAL PROSODY and CALLFRIEND speech corpora.
TiBiD - Trust Building and Matchmaking Support for Virtual Enterprises (2004)

Virtual enterprises mostly renounce formal contractual guarantees as a coordination mechanism in order to ensure overall flexibility.However, when formal coordination mechanisms vanish, informal coordination immediately gains increasing importance.As a consequence, trust becomes a decisive issue for all kinds of loosely coupled organizations and especially virtual enterprises.This paper presents some of the results of the three year interdisciplinary research project TiBiD that explored the issues of trust and reputation in the initiation phase of virtual enterprises.The project brought together researchers from three different disciplines -psychology, management research and informatics -to design, explore and evaluate a field experiment on the key question of how trust is built and how trustbuilding can be supported in the early phase of cooperation processes between distributed and loosely coupled organizational units.
Multivalent sialyl Lewis x ligands of definite structures as inhibitors of E-selectin mediated cell adhesion (1998)

We report on the efficiencies of structurally different but well defined multivalent sLex-ligands (di- and trivalent sLex-peptides and sLexbearing liposomes) to block receptor mediated HepG2-cell binding. Using three types of binding assays with distinct receptor accommodations (soluble anti-sLexmonoclonal antibody CSLEX1, immobilized E-selectin, activated HUVECs), we quantified considerable differences of the inhibition efficiencies for the same multivalent sLex-ligands. Compared to the monovalent sLexthe inhibition powers of both (sLex)2-peptides and (sLex)3-peptides were enhanced up to 50-fold for cell binding to the soluble antibody, and that of sLex-liposomes by 7 orders of magnitude. Directed to immobilized E-selectin the inhibition activity was enhanced only 3-fold for (sLex)2-peptides, 10-fold for (sLex)3-peptides but 5 orders of magnitude for sLex-liposomes, respectively. Further decrease of the inhibition efficiencies of glycoligands prepared was observed for cell binding to activated HUVECs. Compared to monovalent sLexwe measured relative efficiencies of 1 for (sLex)2-peptides, of 2 for (sLex)3-peptides but about 20,000 for sLex-liposomes. We concluded that the multivalency of the sLex-ligands prepared is an essential but not sufficient precondition for a high inhibition potency. Additionally, structural properties of the inhibitors determine their binding behavior, which must be considered for the design of potential therapeutic probes.
[Study of computer-assisted Delaire cephalometric analysis system]. (2008)

This study provided a convenient, simplified, accurate computer-assisted analysis platform for Delaire cephalometric analysis which facilitated its clinical application.
Scalable rate control for MPEG-4 video (2000)

This paper presents a scalable rate control (SRC) scheme based on a more accurate second-order rate-distortion model. A sliding-window method for data selection is used to mitigate the impact of a scene change. The data points for updating a model are adaptively selected such that the statistical behavior is improved. For video object (VO) shape coding, we use an adaptive threshold method to remove shape-coding artifacts for MPEG-4 applications. A dynamic bit allocation among VOs is implemented according to the coding complexities for each VO. SRC achieves more accurate bit allocation with low latency and limited buffer size. In a single framework, SRC offers multiple layers of controls for objects, frames, and macroblocks (MBs). At MB level, SRC provides finer bit rate and buffer control. At multiple VO level, SRC offers superior VO presentation for multimedia applications. The proposed SRC scheme has been adopted as part of the International Standard of the emerging ISO MPEG-4 standard.
ALK FISH patterns and the detection of ALK fusions by next generation sequencing in lung adenocarcinoma (2016)

Break-apart ALK FISH probe is the FDA approved approach for detection of ALK rearrangements in lung carcinoma patients who may benefit from ALK kinase inhibitors. The FISH assay can be technically challenging and difficult to interpret. ALK immunohistochemistry and next generation sequencing have been proposed as alternative approaches. In this study, we compared various ALK -FISH patterns to next -generation sequencing (NGS) for gene fusion detection, ALK immunohistochemistry (IHC) and tumor responses to crizotinib. 72 (4%) of 2116 lung adenocarcinoma were positive by ALK- FISH. Of 28 ALK-FISH positive cases selected for the study, FISH patterns included 15 (54%) cases with split signal, 10 (36%) with single orange signal and 3 (10%) with "mixed pattern". 12 (80%) cases with split signal and 4 (40%) cases with single orange signal were positive by NGS and IHC, while mixed cases were all negative. Mutation analysis of discordant cases revealed multiple mutations including oncogenic mutations in EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and ATM genes. All discordant cases in groups with split and mixed signal showed a lower number of cells with rearrangement (mean 28.5%; range 20.5-36.9%). No statistically significant association between response to crizotinib and FISH patterns was observed (p=0.73). In contrast, NGS fusion positive cases were associated with more responses to crizotinib than NGS negative cases (p= 0.016). Our study suggests that ALK FISH alone may not be the most reliable assay for detection of ALK gene rearrangements, and probably should be used in parallel with ALK IHC and NGS for detection of gene fusions and mutations.
A wafer with electrically programmable interconnections (1985)

Wafer-scale ring oscillators interconnected on a 100mm silicon substrate using discretionary electrical programming of two metalization levels with amorphous silicon alloy 'anti-fuses' will be reported.
Mini-Review: On the Transfer of Nicotine from Tobacco to the Smoker. A Brief Review of Ammonia and “pH” Factors (2000)

Abstract A brief review is presented of the scientific literature on the effects of ammonia compounds, when used as tobacco additives, on the smoke chemistry and bioavailablity of nicotine. The review concludes that ammonia compounds used in the manufacture of certain types of tobacco sheet materials: 1) contribute to the flavor properties of cigarette smoke, 2) do not increase the amount, rate or efficiency of nicotine transferred from tobacco to mainstream smoke (MS), 3) do not increase the percentage of nicotine in MS gas phase using the FTC/ISO (Federal Trade Commission/International Organization for Standardization) method, 4) have no influence on the determination of MS nicotine yield as measured by the FTC/ISO method, and 5) do not increase the total rate or amount of nicotine absorbed by the smoker. The review also examines the use of pH as it relates to tobacco and to smoke and suggests a terminology which more accurately describes the measurement (pH of aqueous extract of tobacco, pH of aqueous extract of smoke, and pH/electrode in smoke). Lastly, a number of research gaps in these areas are identified.
Vitreofoveal Traction Associated With Pilocarpine for Presbyopia (2022)

Vuity (pilocarpine HCL ophthalmic 1.25%) was approved for the treatment of presbyopia in October 2021. Previous case series have reported the presence of vitreofoveal traction and retinal detachment following pilocarpine administration, but this was not reported in the recent randomized control trials assessing the efficacy of Vuity. The authors report a case of a woman of 65 years who developed vitreomacular traction immediately following the first administration of Vuity, review the literature, and present considerations regarding screening and management of patients starting Vuity. <b>[<i>Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina</i> 2022; 53:410-411.]</b>.
Production of Antitoxins to Two Toxins of Clostridium difficile and Immunological Comparison of the Toxins by Cross-Neutralization Studies (1982)

We prepared antitoxins specific for each of two toxins of Clostridium difficile and used these to demonstrate that the toxins are immunologically distinct.
Screening of 14C-polyamines in the AT3B-1 rat prostate tumor model: the search for a new PET prostate imaging agent. (2007)

The results indicated preferential accumulation of putrescine and ornithine in the prostate tumor.
AMNIOTIC FLUID CELL TYPES AND CULTURE (1983)

Journal Article AMNIOTIC FLUID CELL TYPES AND CULTURE Get access CHRISTINE M GOSDEN, BSc PhD CHRISTINE M GOSDEN, BSc PhD MRC Clinical and Population Cytogenetics Unit Western General HospitalEdinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 39, Issue 4, 1983, Pages 348–354, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071847 Published: 01 December 1983
Oncostatin-M is an autocrine growth factor in Kaposi's sarcoma. (1994)

Oncostatin-M is a cytokine produced by macrophages and activated T lymphocytes that has recently been shown to be a mitogen for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-derived spindle cells. The significance of oncostatin-M production in AIDS-related KS in vivo, however, remains unknown. In this study we wanted to determine whether oncostatin-M is expressed in vivo in patients with HIV-I-related KS, define the cell types that express this cytokine, and compared with the control tissues from HIV-I-negative individuals. A second objective of our study was to define the expression of oncostatin-M in AIDS-KS-derived spindle cell isolates cultured in vitro and to determine whether oncostatin-M is an autocrine growth factor for these KS cells. We have determined that oncostatin-M is not expressed in any of the several organs examined in control cases, whereas the tumor tissue obtained from the skin biopsies of HIV-I-infected cases with KS displayed oncostatin-M expression in the spindle cell components of the tumor, as well as the cells lining the vascular structures, smooth muscle cells lining the eccrine sweat glands, and the epidermal layers of the skin. Furthermore, uninvolved skin of patients with HIV-related KS express oncostatin-M in the cells lining normal vessels. The mRNA polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed findings in the primary tissues and showed expression in all of the AIDS-KS-derived spindle cell isolates examined. We have also shown with the use of oncostatin-M-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides that KS cell proliferation is inhibited, which correlated with a more precipitous decline in the production of interleukin-6 by these cells. We conclude that oncostatin-M is only expressed in the skin and KS tumor of HIV-I-infected individuals. Furthermore, we provide evidence that oncostatin-M is an autocrine growth factor for KS.
Determination of autoantibodies in patients with familial Mediterranean fever and their first degree relatives. (1991)

Sera samples of 168 patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and their 184 first degree relatives were analyzed for the presence of autoantibodies to ssDNA, dsDNA, poly (I), poly (G), cardiolipin, histones, RNP and Ro(SSA), using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A similar analysis was employed on culture fluids of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B lymphocytes derived from patients with FMF and healthy controls. No increased incidence of these antibodies was observed among patients with FMF and their relatives compared to healthy controls. It is possible that autoimmune features observed in FMF are the result of nonspecific changes occurring in inflammation and not due to autoimmune mechanisms.
Purification and properties of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, an iron-sulfur flavoprotein from Clostridium formicoaceticum. (1984)

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in Clostridium formicoaceticum has been purified to a specific activity of 140 mumol min-1 mg-1 when assayed at 37 degrees C, pH 7.2, in the direction of oxidation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate with benzyl viologen as electron acceptor. The purified enzyme is judged to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. The enzyme which is an octamer has a molecular weight of about 237,000 and consists of four each of two different subunits having the molecular weights 26,000 and 35,000. The octameric enzyme contains per mol 15.2 +/- 0.3 iron, 2.3 +/- 0.2 zinc, 19.5 +/- 1.3 acid-labile sulfur, and 1.7 FAD. The UV-visible absorbance spectrum has a peak at 385 nm and a shoulder at 430 nm and is that of a flavoprotein containing iron-sulfur centers. The reductase, which is sensitive to oxygen, must be handled anaerobically and is stabilized by 2 mM dithionite. It catalyzes the reduction of methylene blue, menadione, benzyl viologen, rubredoxin, and FAD with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin and FADH2 with 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. No activity was observed with pyridine nucleotides. It is suggested that the physiologically important reaction catalyzed by the enzyme is the reduced ferredoxin-dependent reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.
Human Antibody Responses to VlsE Antigenic Variation Protein ofBorrelia burgdorferi (1999)

VlsE is a 35-kDa surface-exposed lipoprotein of Borrelia burgdorferi that was shown previously to undergo antigenic variation through segmental recombination of silent vls cassettes with vlsE during experimental mouse infections. Previous data had indicated that sera from North American Lyme disease patients and experimentally infected animals contained antibodies reactive with VlsE. In this study, sera from patients with Lyme disease, syphilis, and autoimmune conditions as well as from healthy controls were examined for reactivity with VlsE by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Strong Western blot reactivity to a recombinant VlsE cassette region protein was obtained consistently with Lyme disease sera. Although sera from Lyme disease patients also reacted with a band corresponding to VlsE in B. burgdorferi B31-5A3, interpretation was complicated by low levels of VlsE expression in in vitro-cultured B. burgdorferi and by the presence of comigrating bands. An ELISA using recombinant VlsE was compared with an ELISA using sonically disrupted B. burgdorferi as the antigen. For a total of 93 Lyme disease patient sera examined, the VlsE ELISA yielded sensitivities of 63% for culture-confirmed erythema migrans cases and 92% for later stages, as compared to 61 and 98%, respectively, for the "whole-cell" ELISA. The specificities of the two assays with healthy blood donor sera were comparable, but the VlsE ELISA was 90% specific with sera from syphilis patients, compared to 20% specificity for the whole-cell ELISA with this group. Neither assay showed reactivity with a panel of sera from 20 non-Lyme disease arthritis patients or 20 systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Our results indicate that VlsE may be useful in the immunodiagnosis of Lyme disease and may offer greater specificity than ELISAs using whole B. burgdorferi as the antigen.
Interaction of fluorescently labeled dideoxynucleotides with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (1991)

Succinylfluorescein-labeled dideoxyTTP has been used as a substrate for reverse transcriptase from HIV-1. On addition to the 3'-end of a primer molecule, there is a reduction of fluorescence yield of a factor of ca. 4. Release of a fluorescent DNA/DNA primer/template duplex from its complex with reverse transcriptase results in a reduction of fluorescence by a further factor of 2. The fluorescent nucleotide is incorporated somewhat less efficiently than 3'-azidoTMP and TMP, which show similar incorporation kinetics. Fluorescent chain-terminated primers have been used to investigate the interaction of normal and chain-terminated primer/template complexes with reverse transcriptase. The dissociation constant of a 36/18-mer was 0.65 nM, whereas that of the same complex after the addition of the fluorescent chain-terminating nucleotide to the primer was 3 nM at 25 degrees C. The rate of dissociation of the latter complex from the enzyme was 0.04 s-1. This was decreased by a factor of ca. 10 at high concentrations (greater than 200 microM) of the nucleotide triphosphate complementary to the next position of the template. The results obtained suggest that potent inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity in in vitro assays results from formation of a slowly dissociating complex between the enzyme and chain-terminated primer/template complexes. However, arguments are presented that lead to the conclusion that this is not the mode of inhibition in cells invaded by HIV. At the prevailing relative concentrations in this situation, chain termination resulting in incomplete transcription is likely to be the major factor.
Advances and challenges in super‐resolution (2004)

Abstract Super‐Resolution reconstruction produces one or a set of high‐resolution images from a sequence of low‐resolution frames. This article reviews a variety of Super‐Resolution methods proposed in the last 20 years, and provides some insight into, and a summary of, our recent contributions to the general Super‐Resolution problem. In the process, a detailed study of several very important aspects of Super‐Resolution, often ignored in the literature, is presented. Specifically, we discuss robustness, treatment of color, and dynamic operation modes. Novel methods for addressing these issues are accompanied by experimental results on simulated and real data. Finally, some future challenges in Super‐Resolution are outlined and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 14, 47–57, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.20007
Invited Review: Effects of heat and cold stress on mammalian gene expression (2002)

This review examines the effects of thermal stress on gene expression, with special emphasis on changes in the expression of genes other than heat shock proteins (HSPs). There are approximately 50 genes not traditionally considered to be HSPs that have been shown, by conventional techniques, to change expression as a result of heat stress, and there are <20 genes (including HSPs) that have been shown to be affected by cold. These numbers will likely become much larger as gene chip array and proteomic technologies are applied to the study of the cell stress response. Several mechanisms have been identified by which gene expression may be altered by heat and cold stress. The similarities and differences between the cellular responses to heat and cold may yield key insights into how cells, and by extension tissues and organisms, survive and adapt to stress.