gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing the effects of adhesion and friction in microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) through surface roughening: Comparison between theory and experiments (2005)

Due to the large surface-to-volume ratios and the low loads encountered in microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs), the surface forces become important and may lead to permanent adhesion and high friction between near contacting and contacting surfaces. The effect of these forces can be reduced through surface texturing (roughening) at the contact interface. Moreover, modifying the distribution of the contacting surface asperities so that it becomes positively asymmetric (unbalance between the peak and valley heights) and as peaky as possible (making slender asperities) reduces these forces even further. In the current study, the effects of these parameters, i.e., roughness, asymmetry, and peakiness, on reducing the adhesion and friction in polycrystalline silicon (also referred as polysilicon) MEMS surfaces, were theoretically and experimentally investigated. Polysilicon films with different levels of roughness, asymmetry, and peakiness were fabricated. The roughness characteristics of these films were used in a continuum-based micromechanics model to predict the level of adhesion and friction in actual MEMS devices. Experiments were also conducted to evaluate the adhesion pull-off force and friction coefficient associated with these films. It is found, both experimentally and theoretically, that the adhesion pull-off force and friction coefficient can be reduced by an order of magnitude by increasing the roughness, asymmetry, and peakiness of the contacting surfaces under low external normal forces. Stick-slip behavior, which may be indicative of the presence of adhesive forces, also reduces considerably with the increase of these parameters. Lastly, good agreement was found between simulations and experimental results. Thus, such a model could be used to determine the critical characteristics of a microstructure prior to fabrication to prevent adhesion and lower friction in terms of surface roughness, mechanical properties, and environmental conditions.
Functionalized Heteroarylpyridazines and Pyridazin-3(2H)-one Derivatives via Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Methodology (2008)

A general method for the synthesis of functionalized pyridazinylboronic acids/esters is described involving a directed ortho metalation (DoM)--boronation protocol (Schemes 1 and 2). A comprehensive study of the reactivity of the C-B bond in palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings with aryl/heteroaryl halides is presented. Aryl-/heteroarylpyridazines are thereby obtained in synthetically viable yields (typically 40-75%) although in some cases competing protodeboronation has been observed. A series of pyridazin-3(2H)-one derivatives, including 4,6-diaryl/heteroaryl derivatives, have been obtained from the corresponding 3-methoxypyridazines in straightforward procedures (Schemes 3 and 4). Several X-ray crystal structures of aryl-/heteroarylpyridazines and derived pyridazin-3(2H)-one derivatives are reported. These multi-ring systems are of considerable interest in contemporary N-heterocyclic chemistry.
Fibromyalgia: A Rehabilitation Approach (1989)

Primary fibromyalgia syndrome, a myofascial disorder, is characterized by diffuse pain and tender points. Effective long term rehabilitation interventions for this disorder have not been demonstrated. The current rehabilitation interventions of fibromyalgia are evaluated and the psychologic consequences are summarized.
Coronary surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass. (1995)

<b>Background:</b> Spirometry is a commonly used low-cost method of lung function assessment. However, as it requires patients’ cooperation it is considered difficult to perform in a primary care setting. The aim of this study was to 1) evaluate the correctness and types of errors made during spirometry with the use of the mobile device 2) assess factors which play a role in performing spirometry correctly. <b>Methods:</b> 10,936 spirometries in 9855 patients were performed by 673 primary care professionals in all regions of Poland between September 2019 and September 2020. A mobile phone-linked portable device (AioCare™, HealthUp) was used. The most common spirometry errors according to the ATS/ERS criteria were assessed. Stepwise logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with technically correct spirometry. <b>Results:</b> 5347 (49%) spirometry examinations met both accuracy and repeatability criteria. The most common errors were: BEV error (28.1%), plateau error (26.6%), FET&lt;6 sec (23%). Patients &gt;40 years and males were more likely to perform plateau error (OR 1.49; 95%CI: 1.38-1.60; OR 0.88; 95%CI: 0.82-0.94 respectively). The most important factor influencing the possibility of performing correct examination was the physician’s age &gt; 40 years (OR 1.32; 95%CI: 1.21-1.45). Male (OR 0.80; 95%CI: 0.74-0.86) and smoking patients (OR 0.79; 95%CI: 0.73-0.85) were less likely to perform a technically correct spirometry. <b>Conclusions:</b> Medical professionals need further training to improve their skills in performing spirometry. Although the use of mobile-linked device is thought to be technically demanding, older physician’s age was associated with better spirometry quality compared to younger physicians.
REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE ON FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION: DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS (2000)

We recommend use of the new female sexual dysfunction diagnostic and classification system based on physiological as well as psychological pathophysiologies, and a personal distress criterion for most diagnostic categories.
Studies of the Plasma Related Oxygen Contamination of Gallium Nitride Grown by Remote Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (2002)

Nitrogen and ammonia plasma containment tubes of quartz and fused alumina (Al2O3) are evaluated in terms of the oxygen contamination contributed during gallium nitride film growth by RPE-CVD. In-situ gas and plasma monitoring, and material characterisation (UV–Vis transmission measurements, X-ray diffraction and SIMS) were used to determine the contaminant chemistries for the plasmas maintained in these containment tubes. Oxygen contamination using a quartz tube is shown to be unavoidable. Al2O3 based tubes used with an ammonia plasma also supply unacceptably high levels of oxygen for GaN growth. However, we show that alumina containment tubes may be conditioned in a nitrogen plasma, so that an aluminium nitride protective layer limits the oxygen contamination.
Interaction of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanin (L-DOPA) as a coordinating ligand with a series of metal ions; reaction of L-DOPA (2007)

L-DOPA is an important neurotransmitter that is found in the brain and as a hormone in the circulatory system. We report in this article the similarities and differences in behaviour of this important neurotransmitter as a chelating agent among some divalent and trivalent metal ions using potentiometric titration in aqueous solutions at 25.0 ± 1.0°C. The careful and detailed potentiometric titrations of L-DOPA with Al3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ are discussed and compared. UV-Vis-spectroscopy is utilized for both the free L-DOPA and for the Fe3+/L-DOPA system. The characteristic peak due to the π → π* transition of the free L-DOPA at ∼280 nm (ε280 nm = 1927 ± 65 M−1 cm−1 between pH values of 2.0 to 3.0) disappeared when the iron solution was added to the L-DOPA sample in the same pH range. For the Fe3+/L-DOPA system we have observed a new peak at 470 nm with ε470 = 800 ± 50 M−1 cm−1. These comparison studies of the similarities and differences among these di- and tri-valent metal ions shed light on these systems in aqueous solutions. The appropriate metal simulation and speciation diagrams were constructed using the model that fit the titration data points.
The effect of crystallization conditions on radiation-induced crosslink formation in polyethylene (1965)

Abstract The decrease in solubility with radiation dose has been measured in bulk Marlex 50 polyethylene and in a series of solution-crystallized polyethylene prepared under different conditions. It was found that the solubility–dose curves were all of a similar shape and could be superimposed by multiplying the radiation doses given to each sample by a constant factor which is a measure of the ‘effectiveness’ of the radiation. The bulk material needed the lowest gelation dose while the gelation dose for the solution-crystallized specimens depended on the method of preparation. Measurements of hydrogen gas evolution and free radical formation indicated that these results could not be explained by differences in the overall number of crosslinks formed. They can be explained by assuming that there are ‘effective’ and ‘ineffective’ crosslinks and the relative numbers of these are a function of crystallization conditions. Our results are in accord with the hypothesis that crosslinks are formed preferentially at the chain folds at lamellar surfaces and that the ‘effective’ and ‘ineffective’ crosslinks are inter- and intra-lamellar crosslinks respectively. The amount of interlamellar contact is reflected by the degree of effectiveness of the radiation.
Quality Evaluation of Facsimiles of Hebrew First Temple Period Inscriptions (2012)

The discipline of First Temple Period epigraphy (the study of writing) relies heavily on manually-drawn facsimiles (black and white images) of ancient inscriptions. This practice may unintentionally mix up documentation and interpretation. The article proposes a new method for evaluating the quality of the facsimile. It is based on a measure, comparing the image of the inscription to the registered facsimile. Some empirical results, supporting the methodology, are presented. The technique is also relevant to quality evaluation of other types of facsimiles and binarization in general.
Animal cell technology: from biopharmaceuticals to gene therapy (2008)

1. Introduction to Animal Cell Technology 2. Animal Cells: Basic Concepts 3. Cloning and Expression of Heterologous Proteins in Animal Cells 4. Cell Metabolism and its Control in Culture 5. Culture Media for Animal Cells 6. Post-Translational Modification of Recombinant Proteins 7. Mechanisms of Cell Proliferation and Cell Death in Animal Cell Culture In Vitro 8. Mathematical Models for Growth and Product Synthesis in Animal Cell Culture 9. Bioreactors for Animal Cells 10. Monitoring and Control of Cell Cultures 11. Animal Cell Separation 12. Product Purification Processes 13. Quality Control of Biotechnological Products 14. Regulatory Aspects 15. Intellectual Property 16. Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins 17. Monoclonal Antibodies 18. Viral Vaccines: Concepts, Principles and Bioprocesses 19. Bioinsecticides 20. Cell Therapies and Stem Cells 21. Gene Therapy
Role of 14-3-3η as a Positive Regulator of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Transcriptional Activation (2005)

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, mediates the effects of glucocorticoids. It is known that 14-3-3 family proteins interact with GR and regulate its transcriptional activity. They also bind to several molecules and influence many cellular events by altering their subcellular localization and/or acting as a chaperone. Recently, it has been proposed that ligand-activated degradation of GR occurs via the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway and that inhibition of proteasomal activity induces up-regulation of GR and enhances the transcriptional activity of GR. To examine the function of 14-3-3eta in the glucocorticoid-dependent signal pathway, we studied the regulatory role of 14-3-3eta in ligand-induced GR transcriptional activation. 14-3-3eta Enhanced the transcriptional activity of GR, and the levels of GR were higher in cells transfected with the 14-3-3eta expression vector in response to glucocorticoid. The GR level increased in both cytosol and nucleus, and endogenous GR was also elevated by 14-3-3eta in HeLa cells. 14-3-3eta Inhibited ligand-induced down-regulation of GR. Proteasomal inhibition did not induce any synergistic effect on the 14-3-3eta-induced increase in GR in response to glucocorticoid, and inhibition of translation did not block elevation of GR by 14-3-3eta, indicating that 14-3-3eta induces stabilization of GR. These results suggest that 14-3-3eta functions as a positive regulator in the glucocorticoid signal pathway by blocking the degradation of GR and inducing an elevation of GR, thus enhancing the transcriptional activity of GR.
Hospitalization for congestive heart failure: United States, 2000-2010. (2012)

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a serious medical condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. CHF is often caused by hypertension, diabetes, or coronary heart disease. It is estimated that 5.8 million people in the United States have CHF (1). CHF is one of the most common reasons those aged 65 and over are hospitalized (2). This report presents National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) data from 2000 through 2010 on hospitalizations for CHF.
Control of arterial branching morphogenesis in embryogenesis: go with the flow (2004)

Formation of a properly branched vascular system during embryogenesis is crucial for embryo survival. Here we review the regulation of the morphogenesis of the arterial and venous system during embryogenesis. We show that in addition to deterministic patterning mechanisms and plasticity of endothelial cells, arterial-venous differentiation and branching morphogenesis involves a prominent role for blood flow. Based on in vivo observations of developing arteries, we identified a novel morphological event crucial for the morphogenesis of the arterial tree, disconnection of small side branches. This disconnection of side branches occurs exactly at the point of bifurcation. The rate of disconnection of side branches depends on flow velocity and branching angle. The balance between disconnection and maintenance of arterial side branches determines the number of side branches connected to a large artery. Based on these observations, we postulate that the number of pre-existing collaterals connected to a large artery is a function of the disconnection process and can be regulated by hemodynamics. We furthermore show that embryonic arteries already adapt their lumen diameter to the amount of flow carried. Taken together, we suggest that hemodynamics plays a pivotal role in shaping the arterial system. We suggest that flow-evoked remodeling processes determine the number of preexisting collaterals during critical periods of embryo-fetal development. Insight into these basic principles of arterial growth and branching during embryogenesis may aid to understanding the observed variability in the capacity to establish a collateral circulation in patients with ischemic diseases and finding new strategies for therapeutic arteriogenesis.
An Improved Psychoacoustic Model for Audio Coding Based on Wavelet Packet (2007)

Abstract: This paper describes a new design of a psychoacoustic model for audio coding following the model used in the standard MPEG-1 audio layer 3 using an appropriate wavelet packet decomposition of the speech/audio signal. The design of a psychoacoustic model is achieved by wavelet packet decomposition whose connections are selected in such a way that sub bands correspond to the best possible one to the critical bands. For that, we used gammachirp wavelet packet because gammachirp filter underwent a good success in psychoacoustic research. In order to investigate this new design of a psychoacoustic model based on wavelet packet decomposition, we proceed to some experimental results: the distribution curve of masking threshold for tone at 1 kHz and for a real complex signal were calculated by utilizing the two different psychoacoustic models respectively, the old one based on FFT analysis and the newest one based on wavelet packet analysis especially gammachirp wavelet packet. Also, we show some gammachirp scalograms of some audio sounds.
Demethylation of the Human Eotaxin-3 Gene Promoter Leads to the Elevated Expression of Eotaxin-3 (2013)

DNA demethylation has been primarily studied in the context of development biology, cell fate, and cancer, with less attention on inflammation. In this article, we investigate the association between DNA methylation and production of the chemoattractant cytokine eotaxin-3 in the tissue of patients with allergic disease. Regions of the human eotaxin-3 promoter were found to be hypomethylated in primary epithelial cells obtained from allergic tissue compared with normal control tissue. The demethylation of a specific CpG site (designated CpG 2), which is juxtaposed to a key cAMP-responsive element site, was significantly demethylated in patient-derived compared with normal control tissue-derived epithelial cells. Levels of methylation at CpG 2 inversely correlated with basal and IL-13-induced eotaxin-3 gene expression. Conversely, global inhibition of methylation with 5-azacytidine promoted eotaxin-3 production in association with decreasing CpG 2 methylation. In addition, the basal and IL-13-induced eotaxin-3 transcriptional activity was suppressed by promoter methylation using a methylation-free in vitro system. Furthermore, EMSAs demonstrated that the attachment of CREB binding protein and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) to the cAMP-responsive element site was methylation dependent. Taken together, these data identify a contributory role for DNA methylation in regulating eotaxin-3 production in human allergic inflammation.
The Relative Acidifying Influence of Oxygen and Sulfur Atoms on α-Hydrogen Atoms1 (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Relative Acidifying Influence of Oxygen and Sulfur Atoms on α-Hydrogen Atoms1Warren J. Brehm and Theodore LevensonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 21, 5389–5391Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01650a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01650a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views552Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conferring indirect allospecificity on CD4+CD25+ Tregs by TCR gene transfer favors transplantation tolerance in mice (2008)

T cell responses to MHC-mismatched transplants can be mediated via direct recognition of allogeneic MHC molecules on the cells of the transplant or via recognition of allogeneic peptides presented on the surface of recipient APCs in recipient MHC molecules - a process known as indirect recognition. As CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs play an important role in regulating alloresponses, we investigated whether mouse Tregs specific for allogeneic MHC molecules could be generated in vitro and could promote transplantation tolerance in immunocompetent recipient mice. Tregs able to directly recognize allogeneic MHC class II molecules (dTregs) were obtained by stimulating CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from C57BL/6 mice (H-2(b)) with allogeneic DCs from BALB/c mice (H-2(d)). To generate Tregs that indirectly recognized allogeneic MHC class II molecules, dTregs were retrovirally transduced with TCR genes conferring specificity for H-2K(d) presented by H-2A(b) MHC class II molecules. The dual direct and indirect allospecificity of the TCR-transduced Tregs was confirmed in vitro. In mice, TCR-transduced Tregs, but not dTregs, induced long-term survival of partially MHC-mismatched heart grafts when combined with short-term adjunctive immunosuppression. Further, although dTregs were only slightly less effective than TCR-transduced Tregs at inducing long-term survival of fully MHC-mismatched heart grafts, histologic analysis of long-surviving hearts demonstrated marked superiority of the TCR-transduced Tregs. Thus, Tregs specific for allogeneic MHC class II molecules are effective in promoting transplantation tolerance in mice, which suggests that such cells have clinical potential.
Adiponectin and Adiponectin Receptors (2005)

Metabolic syndrome is thought to result from obesity and obesity-linked insulin resistance. Obesity in adulthood is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy. Adipose tissue participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis as an important endocrine organ that secretes a number of biologically active "adipokines."Heterozygous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma knockout mice were protected from high-fat diet induced obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, and insulin resistance. Systematic gene profiling analysis of these mice revealed that adiponectin/Acrp30 was overexpressed. Functional analyses including generation of adiponectin transgenic or knockout mice have revealed that adiponectin serves as an insulin-sensitizing adipokine. In fact, obesity-linked down-regulation of adiponectin was a mechanism whereby obesity could cause insulin resistance and diabetes. Recently, we have cloned adiponectin receptors in the skeletal muscle (AdipoR1) and liver (AdipoR2), which appear to comprise a novel cell-surface receptor family. We showed that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 serve as receptors for globular and full-length adiponectin and mediate increased AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha ligand activities, and glucose uptake and fatty-acid oxidation by adiponectin. Obesity decreased expression levels of AdipoR1/R2, thereby reducing adiponectin sensitivity, which finally leads to insulin resistance, the so-called "vicious cycle." Most recently, we showed that osmotin, which is a ligand for the yeast homolog of AdipoR (PHO36), activated AMPK via AdipoR in C2C12 myocytes. This may facilitate efficient development of adiponectin receptor agonists. Adiponectin receptor agonists and adiponectin sensitizers should serve as versatile treatment strategies for obesity-linked diseases such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield in MoS 2 (2015)

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides have emerged as a promising material system for optoelectronic applications, but their primary figure of merit, the room-temperature photoluminescence quantum yield (QY), is extremely low. The prototypical 2D material molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is reported to have a maximum QY of 0.6%, which indicates a considerable defect density. Here we report on an air-stable, solution-based chemical treatment by an organic superacid, which uniformly enhances the photoluminescence and minority carrier lifetime of MoS2 monolayers by more than two orders of magnitude. The treatment eliminates defect-mediated nonradiative recombination, thus resulting in a final QY of more than 95%, with a longest-observed lifetime of 10.8 ± 0.6 nanoseconds. Our ability to obtain optoelectronic monolayers with near-perfect properties opens the door for the development of highly efficient light-emitting diodes, lasers, and solar cells based on 2D materials.
Anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet aggregation activity of human placental extract. (2003)

Our data suggest that human placental extract may be useful in suppressing inflammation and platelet aggregation.