gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Endothelial Function by Increasing High-Density Lipoprotein in Subjects With Isolated Low High-Density Lipoprotein (2003)

In ABCA1 heterozygotes, isolated low HDL is associated with endothelial dysfunction, attested to by impaired basal and stimulated NO bioactivity. Strikingly, both parameters were completely restored after a single, rapid infusion of apoA-I/PC. These findings indicate that in addition to its long-term role within reverse cholesterol transport, HDL per se also exerts direct beneficial effects on the arterial wall.
Evidence for a Common Non‐Heme Chelatable‐Iron‐Dependent Activation Mechanism for Semisynthetic and Synthetic Endoperoxide Antimalarial Drugs (2007)

The iron-y of fate: Isobole analyses of fluorescently labeled antimalarial endoperoxides with chelators selective for non-heme iron, and laser confocal microscopy studies within living malaria parasites have shown that the semisynthetic analogues of artemisinin and synthetic endoperoxides (see example) share a common mechanism of action involving chelatable-iron-mediated bioactivation (see images) and irreversible alkylation of parasite targets. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z604697_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Assessment of Coordination Demand for Aircrew Coordination Training (1993)

This investigation attempted to augment current aircrew coordination training approaches by developing an assessment tool to measure coordination demand associated with specific flight tasks. Using training and operations manuals, a questionnaire was developed to assess the coordination requirements of 38 routine and nonroutine tasks associated with military cargo helicopter operations. A sample of active-duty pilots was requested to estimate the amount of coordination demand imposed by each task. The findings indicated that pilots employed a reasonable range in responding to task items. The overall pattern of results was consistent with expert opinions and earlier research. In addition, a cluster analysis based on the coordination demand ratings indicated the presence of three distinct clusters of flight tasks. These findings are discussed in terms of their utility in creating scenarios for aircrew coordination training as well as providing guidelines for instructor feedback.
Structural studies of PdCl2L2 complexes with fluorinated phosphines, phosphites, and phosphinites as precursors of benzyl bromide carbonylation catalysts, and and X-ray crystal structure of cis-PdCl2[PPh2(OEt)]2 (2001)

PdCl 2 L 2 -type complexes with phosphines (L = PPh x (C 6 F 5 ) 3- x (x = 0-3)), phosphites (L = P(OMe) 3 , P(OPh) 3 , P(OEt) 3 ), and phosphinites (L = PPh 2 (OC 6 F 5 ), PPh 2 (O-3,5-F 2 C 6 H 3 ), PPh 2 (OEt), PPh 2 (O-n-Bu), PPh 2 (O-t-Bu)) were synthesized and characterized by UV-vis and 31 P NMR methods. PdCl 2 L 2 complexes with less sterically demanding phosphines (Θ &lt; 140°) exist as cis isomers, which is confirmed by the X-ray structure of cis-PdCl 2 [PPh 2 (OEt)] 2 . These complexes react with CO in the presence of NEt 3 forming Pd(CO) x L y (x + y = 4) type carbonyls characterized by IR spectra. All PdCl 2 L 2 complexes studied are active as precursors of benzyl bromide carbonylation catalysts at 40°C and 1 atm CO; however, the activity of the cis isomers is higher than that of the trans isomers. The highest yields of the carbonylation product, phenylacetic acid methyl ester, were obtained using cis-PdCl 2 [P(OMe) 3 ] 2 (92%), cis-PdCl 2 [P(OPh) 3 ] 2 (89%), and cis-PdCl 2 [PPh 2 (O-n-Bu)] 2 (78%) as catalyst precursors.Key words: palladium complexes, fluorinated phosphines, benzyl bromide carbonylation.
Stress-location measurement along an optical fiber by synthesis of triangle-shaped optical coherence function (2001)

A triangle-shaped optical coherence function is synthesized, and is applied to real-time stress-location measurement along an optical fiber. We utilize a polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) as the sensing element. Stress-induced coupling from one eigenpolarization mode to the other is used as the sensing mechanism. The stress-position on PMF linearly corresponds to the delay difference between the two eigenpolarization modes, which is measured with a slope of the synthesized triangle coherence function. The degree of coherence changes linearly from one to zero with respect to the delay difference. By extracting the coherence value, the stress point is figured out in real time.
Development and Differences of Intestinal Flora in the Neonatal Period in Breast-Fed and Bottle-Fed Infants (1983)

The development of stool bacterial flora was studied in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. In both groups of infants, the intestine was first colonized with enterobacteria and their number attained 10(9) per gram of feces. On day 6, bifidobacteria were the predominant organisms in the stool of breast-fed infants, exceeding enterobacteria by a ratio of 1,000:1, whereas enterobacteria were the predominant organisms in formula-fed infants, exceeding bifidobacteria by approximately 10:1. At 1 month of age, bifidobacteria were the most prevalent organisms in both groups but the number of these organisms in the stool of bottle-fed infants was approximately one tenth that of breast-fed infants. The properties of breast milk that promote the growth of bifidobacteria and suppress the growth of coliform and other potentially pathogenic organisms, theoretically, would help to minimize the incidence of neonatal diseases caused by these organisms. The results would support the advantages of breast-feeding for optimal care of newborn infants.
Systematic Evaluation of Drug–Disease Relationships to Identify Leads for Novel Drug Uses (2009)

Drug repositioning refers to the discovery of alternative uses for drugs--uses that are different from that for which the drugs were originally intended. One challenge in this effort lies in choosing the indication for which a drug of interest could be prospectively tested. We systematically evaluated a drug treatment-based view of diseases in order to address this challenge. Suggestions for novel drug uses were generated using a "guilt by association" approach. When compared with a control group of drug uses, the suggested novel drug uses generated by this approach were significantly enriched with respect to previous and ongoing clinical trials.
Single Virus Genomics: A New Tool for Virus Discovery (2011)

Whole genome amplification and sequencing of single microbial cells has significantly influenced genomics and microbial ecology by facilitating direct recovery of reference genome data. However, viral genomics continues to suffer due to difficulties related to the isolation and characterization of uncultivated viruses. We report here on a new approach called 'Single Virus Genomics', which enabled the isolation and complete genome sequencing of the first single virus particle. A mixed assemblage comprised of two known viruses; E. coli bacteriophages lambda and T4, were sorted using flow cytometric methods and subsequently immobilized in an agarose matrix. Genome amplification was then achieved in situ via multiple displacement amplification (MDA). The complete lambda phage genome was recovered with an average depth of coverage of approximately 437X. The isolation and genome sequencing of uncultivated viruses using Single Virus Genomics approaches will enable researchers to address questions about viral diversity, evolution, adaptation and ecology that were previously unattainable.
Functionalised Hybrid Materials of Conducting Polymers with Individual Wool Fibers (2008)

Composites of natural protein materials, such as merino wool, with the conducting polymers polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PAn) have been successfully synthesised. In doing so, hybrid materials have been produced in which the mechanical strength and flexibility of the fibers is retained whilst also incorporating the desired chemical and electrical properties of the polymer. Scanning electron microscopy shows PPy coatings to comprise individual polymer spheres, approximately 100 to 150 nm in diameter. The average size of the polymer spheres of PAn was observed to be approximately 50 to 100 nm in diameter. These spheres fuse together in a continuous sheet to coat the fibers in their entirety. The reduction of silver ions to silver metal nanoparticles onto the redox active polymer surface has also been successful and thus imparts anti-microbial properties to the hybrid materials. This gives rise to further applications requiring the inhibition of microbial growth. The chemical and physical characterisation of such products has been undertaken through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electrical conductivity, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the testing of their anti-microbial activity.
Phase II Study of Pemetrexed for Second-Line Treatment of Transitional Cell Cancer of the Urothelium (2006)

Single-agent pemetrexed is safe and active as second-line treatment of patients with advanced TCC of the urothelium. Additional evaluation in the first- or second-line setting in TCC of the urothelium is warranted.
Some Properties of Secretory IgA Purified from Bovine Colostrum (1982)

Journal Article Some Properties of Secretory IgA Purified from Bovine Colostrum Get access Yoshihiro Kanamaru, Yoshihiro Kanamaru Department of Poultry and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, Kakamigahara-shi, Gifu 504, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasuo Kuzuya, Yasuo Kuzuya Department of Poultry and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, Kakamigahara-shi, Gifu 504, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tamotsu Tanahashi Tamotsu Tanahashi Department of Poultry and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, Kakamigahara-shi, Gifu 504, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 46, Issue 8, 1 August 1982, Pages 2009–2014, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1982.10865378 Published: 01 August 1982 Article history Received: 29 October 1981 Published: 01 August 1982
Rabbit IgG Directed to a Synthetic C-Terminal Peptide of the Major Grass Pollen Allergen <i>Lol p</i> I Inhibits Human Basophil Histamine Release Induced by Natural <i>Lol p</i> I (1995)

The potential role of allergen-specific IgG antibodies as 'blocking' antibodies in allergen-induced human basophil histamine release was investigated. This was studied in a model with the major grass pollen allergen Lol p I and polyclonal rabbit antisera directed against this allergen and against a synthetic peptide of its C terminus. When allergen and antibodies were allowed to preincubate, Lol p I induced histamine release was inhibited up to 85% by the antiserum against Lol p I. By omitting preincubation, and thereby more closely mimicking an in vivo situation, up to 55% inhibition was realized. This indicates that allergen-specific IgG can act as 'blocking' antibody without preincubation. Immunization of rabbits with a synthetic C-terminal peptide of Lol p I resulted in antibodies reactive with natural Lol p I. Despite their 100-fold lower avidity for Lol p I (as compared with antinatural Lol p I), these antibodies had the capacity to inhibit Lol p I induced histamine release for > 90% (up to 50% without preincubation). This indicates that it is possible to block histamine release induced by a major allergen with low-avidity IgG antibodies directed against a minor proportion of the allergen (25 amino acids). IgE antibodies from the donors studied were unreactive with this synthetic peptide, indicating that for blocking activity identical epitope specificity of IgE and IgG is not essential. This opens interesting perspectives for application of synthetic peptides in immunotherapy, distinct from their effects on T cell reactivity.
Characterization of a novel calcium‐binding 90‐kDa glycoprotein (BM‐90) shared by basement membranes and serum (1990)

The protein BM-90 was solubilized from the mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor with neutral buffers in molar yields lower (15-30%) than found for other basement membrane proteins (e.g. laminin, BM-40). The purified protein was shown to be rich in cysteine (5 mol%) and to change in SDS electrophoresis from an 84-kDa position to a 95-kDa one upon reduction. BM-90 was also shown to be a calcium-binding protein. The N-terminal sequence of BM-90, as well as those of several internal peptides, showed no identity with any known protein sequences, indicating that it is a new protein. Specific radioimmunoassays showed no or only minor cross-reactions with other known basement membrane proteins. Immunological assays demonstrated BM-90 to be present in neutral salt extracts from mouse heart and kidney, in serum (20-40 micrograms/ml) and in the medium of various cultured cells (0.1-1 microgram/ml). The protein in these samples was identical in size to BM-90 purified from the tumor, indicating that negligible degradation occurs during purification. An extracellular matrix localization of BM-90 was shown by immunofluorescence for Reichert's membrane, lens capsules and other basement membranes. Thus, BM-90 appears to be a novel basement membrane protein whose functions remain to be studied.
Pyrene-Armed Calix[4]azacrowns as New Fluorescent Ionophores:  “Molecular Taekowndo” Process via Fluorescence Change (2002)

A series of new calixarene-based fluoroionophores were synthesized. With our new calixarene derivative bearing a crown ether and an azacrown ether as two binding sites, the metal ion was found to selectively choose its better binding pocket between these two ligands. Interesting "molecular taekowndo" processes between Ag(+)-K(+), Cu(2+)-K(+), and Ag(+)-Cs(+) pairs were easily monitored via fluorescence change.
A Probabilistic Framework for Recognizing Similar Actions using Spatio-Temporal Features (2007)

One of the challenges found in recent methods for action recognition has been to classify ambiguous actions successfully. In the case of methods that use spatio-temporal features this phenomenon is observed when two actions generate similar feature types. Ideally, a probabilistic classification method would be based on a model of the full joint distribution of features, but this is computationally intractable. In this paper we propose using an approximation of the full joint via first order dependencies between feature types using so-called Chow-Liu trees. We obtain promising results and achieve an improvement in the classification accuracy over naive Bayes and other simple classifiers. Our implementation of the method makes use of a binary descriptor for a video analogous to one previously used in location recognition for mobile robots. Because of the simplicity of the algorithm, once the offline learning phase is over, real-time action recognition is possible and we present an adaptation of this method that works in real-time. 1
Products derived from oxidations of 3,4‐dimethyl‐1‐phenylphosphole‐1‐oxide: A 3‐phenyl‐5,6‐dimethyl‐2,3‐oxaphosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octene‐3‐oxide derivative as a precursor of phenyl metaphosphonic anhydride (1991)

Abstract Oxidation of 3,4‐dimethyl‐1‐phenylphosphole with peracids or peroxides gives a relatively stable P ‐oxide, which can be used in Diels‐Alder reactions to give derivatives with the 7‐phosphanorbornene framework. Oxygen insertion into a C–P bond of this framework occurs smoothly with m ‐ chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) providing derivatives of the 2,3‐oxaphosphabicyclo [2.2.2] octene ring system. The phosphole can be converted to this system in a one‐pot synthesis by reaction with excess MCPBA in the presence of N ‐phenylmaleimide as dienophile. The phosphole oxide undergoes mono‐epoxidation with MCPBA. Thermal or photochemical fragmentation of the 2,3‐oxaphosphabicyclo [2.2.2] ocetene is a useful source of the 3‐coordinate species Ph–PO 2 , a meta‐anhydride of phenylphosphonic acid. This species was trapped successfully with a variety of alcohols.
Trisomy 7: A potential cytogenetic marker of human prostate cancer progression (1994)

We used the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method to show that chromosome 7 trisomy is associated with the progression of human prostate cancer. Thirty-six specimens including 15 primary prostate carcinomas, 16 metastatic lesions, and 5 normal prostate tissues, as well as 2 prostate carcinoma cell lines of different tumorigenic potential, were examined for chromosome 7 aneuploidy. Our results showed that the androgen-unresponsive tumorigenic cell line PC-3 exhibited a significantly higher ratio of chromosome 7 to total chromosome number than the androgen-responsive nontumorigenic cell line LNCaP (P = 0.001). In prostate specimens, the frequency of trisomy 7 cells was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the advanced stage tumors (C and DI) but not in the early (B) stage tumors or normal prostatic tissue. Furthermore, metastases showed a higher frequency of trisomy 7 cells than primary tumors (P = 0.005). In 2 patients with paired primary and metastatic tumors, trisomy 7 cells increased from 4-7% in the primary tumors to 42-45% in the metastatic tumor cells in the bone marrow. Therefore, our data suggest that trisomy 7 may be a common feature associated with local and metastatic progression and serve as a novel marker for human prostate cancer progression.
FLT3 as a Therapeutic Target in Childhood Acute Leukemia (2007)

During the past few years, a major focus of leukemia research has centered on tyrosine kinases as potential therapeutic targets. This is due in large part to the success of imatinib mesylate (STI571, Gleevec), which has proven effective as a therapy for chronic myeloid leukemias bearing the t(9;22) encoding the BCR-ABL kinase. It has become increasingly evident that mutations producing constitutively active tyrosine kinases play a role in leukemogenesis. Another kinase that has drawn significant attention is the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). FLT3 is expressed in most childhood acute leukemias. Select genetic subgroups possess particularly high-level expression, with a significant percentage therein harboring activating mutations. In this review we will discuss FLT3 as a potential therapeutic target in childhood acute leukemias. We will highlight the role of FLT3 in hematopoiesis, and how when activated, it may play a role in the development of acute myeloid or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We will examine the successes in elucidating FLT3 function in acute leukemias, highlight current FLT3 targeted therapeutics, and discuss how FLT3 inhibitors might be used in combination therapies in the future.
Kisspeptins and Reproduction: Physiological Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms (2012)

Procreation is essential for survival of species. Not surprisingly, complex neuronal networks have evolved to mediate the diverse internal and external environmental inputs that regulate reproduction in vertebrates. Ultimately, these regulatory factors impinge, directly or indirectly, on a final common pathway, the neurons producing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates pituitary gonadotropin secretion and thereby gonadal function. Compelling evidence, accumulated in the last few years, has revealed that kisspeptins, a family of neuropeptides encoded by the Kiss1 gene and produced mainly by neuronal clusters at discrete hypothalamic nuclei, are pivotal upstream regulators of GnRH neurons. As such, kisspeptins have emerged as important gatekeepers of key aspects of reproductive maturation and function, from sexual differentiation of the brain and puberty onset to adult regulation of gonadotropin secretion and the metabolic control of fertility. This review aims to provide a comprehensive account of the state-of-the-art in the field of kisspeptin physiology by covering in-depth the consensus knowledge on the major molecular features, biological effects, and mechanisms of action of kisspeptins in mammals and, to a lesser extent, in nonmammalian vertebrates. This review will also address unsolved and contentious issues to set the scene for future research challenges in the area. By doing so, we aim to endow the reader with a critical and updated view of the physiological roles and potential translational relevance of kisspeptins in the integral control of reproductive function.
Patterned growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on full 4-inch wafers (2001)

Patterned growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is achieved on full 4-in. SiO2/Si wafers. Catalytic islands with high uniformity over the entire wafer are obtained by a deep ultraviolet photolithography technique. Growth by chemical vapor deposition of methane is found to be very sensitive to the amount of H2 co-flow. Understanding of the chemistry enables the growth of high quality SWNTs from massive arrays (107–108) of well-defined surface sites. The scale up in patterned nanotube growth shall pave the way to large-scale molecular wire devices.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Ovarian Cancer Mortality in a Large Prospective Study of US Women (2001)

In this population, postmenopausal estrogen use for 10 or more years was associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer mortality that persisted up to 29 years after cessation of use.
A Capsid-Modified, Conditionally Replicating Oncolytic Adenovirus Vector Expressing TRAIL Leads to Enhanced Cancer Cell Killing in Human Glioblastoma Models (2007)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor, and patients rarely survive for more than 2 years. Gene therapy may offer new treatment options and improve the prognosis for patients with GBM. Adenovirus-mediated gene therapy strategies for brain tumors have been limited by inefficient gene transfer due to low expression of the adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) receptor. We have used an adenovirus vector that specifically replicates in tumor cells and uses an Ad5 capsid and the adenovirus serotype (Ad35) fiber for efficient infection of malignant tumor cells. This vector also expresses adenovirus E1A and tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in a tumor-specific manner. Here, we show that this oncolytic vector (Ad5/Ad35.IR-E1A/TRAIL) efficiently infects the GBM tumor cell lines SF767, T98G, and U-87 MG. Tumor cell killing was markedly enhanced with Ad5/Ad35.IR-E1A/TRAIL compared with wild-type Ad5 and Ad35 virus or Ad5/Ad35.IR-E1A- vectors without TRAIL expression in vitro. In vivo experiments using s.c. xenografted U-87 MG cells in NOD/SCID mice showed a significant growth delay of tumors after i.t. injection of Ad5/Ad35.IR-E1A/TRAIL, whereas adenovirus wild-type injections showed only marginal or no effect. Our findings indicate that the use of a capsid-modified adenoviral vector, in combination with TRAIL expression, is a promising novel approach for gene therapy of glioblastoma. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8783–90]