gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A precision tester for studies of holographic optical storage materials and recording physics (1996)

The design and the realization of an advanced precision optical test stand for evaluating materials and developing tools and techniques for holographic digital data storage are described. This apparatus allows studies of holographic recording materials and recording physics to be performed in the context of practical data storage. The system concept, its implementation, and its performance are described, and examples of holographic storage in photorefractive materials are discussed.
LP‐7: Late‐News Paper: A Simple LCOS Optical System (2002)

Abstract In this article we present a simple optical engine system that using the wired grid component to construct the LCOS engine. The performance of this optical engine (ITRIBOX) is suitable for the portable applications.
Direct evidence of lipid translocation between adipocytes and prostate cancer cells with imaging FTIR microspectroscopy (2007)

Various epidemiological studies show a positive correlation between high intake of dietary FAs and metastatic prostate cancer (CaP). Moreover, CaP metastasizes to the bone marrow, which harbors a rich source of lipids stored within adipocytes. Here, we use Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to study adipocyte biochemistry and to demonstrate that PC-3 cells uptake isotopically labeled FA [deuterated palmitic acid (D(31)-PA)] from an adipocyte. Using this vibrational spectroscopic technique, we detected subcellular locations in a single adipocyte enriched with D(31)-PA using the upsilon(as+s)(C-D)(2+3) (D(31)-PA): upsilon(as+s)(C-H)(2+3) (lipid hydrocarbon) signal. In addition, larger adipocytes were found to consist of a higher percentage of D(31)-PA of the total lipid found within the adipocyte. Following background subtraction, the upsilon(as)(C-D)(2+3) signal illuminated starved PC-3 cells cocultured with D(31)-PA-loaded adipocytes, indicating translocation of the labeled FA. This study demonstrates lipid-specific translocation between adipocytes and tumor cells and the use of FTIR microspectroscopy to characterize various biomolecular features of a single adipocyte without the requirement for cell isolation and lipid extraction.
An Intact Sialoadhesin (Sn/SIGLEC1/CD169) Is Not Required for Attachment/Internalization of the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (2013)

Surface expression of SIGLEC1, also known as sialoadhesin or CD169, is considered a primary determinant of the permissiveness of porcine alveolar macrophages for infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). In vitro, the attachment and internalization of PRRSV are dependent on the interaction between sialic acid on the virion surface and the sialic acid binding domain of the SIGLEC1 gene. To test the role of SIGLEC1 in PRRSV infection, a SIGLEC1 gene knockout pig was created by removing part of exon 1 and all of exons 2 and 3 of the SIGLEC1 gene. The resulting knockout ablated SIGLEC1 expression on the surface of alveolar macrophages but had no effect on the expression of CD163, a coreceptor for PRRSV. After infection, PRRSV viremia in SIGLEC1(-/-) pigs followed the same course as in SIGLEC1(-/+) and SIGLEC1(+/+) littermates. The absence of SIGLEC1 had no measurable effect on other aspects of PRRSV infection, including clinical disease course and histopathology. The results demonstrate that the expression of the SIGLEC1 gene is not required for infection of pigs with PRRSV and that the absence of SIGLEC1 does not contribute to the pathogenesis of acute disease.
Growth Hormone-Binding Protein Activity Is Inversely Related to 24-Hour Growth Hormone Release in Normal Boys* (1991)

To investigate the physiological relationship between serum GH-binding proteins and 24-h GH release, we compared the 24-h GH pulse attributes in serum samples obtained at 20-min intervals to the serum GH-binding protein activity (GH-BP) from 38 normal boys between 7 5/12 and 18 4/12 yr of age. GH-BP was determined in a serum sample from each study (containing less than 1.0 micrograms/L GH) using a standardized GH-BP assay. GH-BP results are expressed as the percentage of [125I]human GH bound to the high affinity GH-BP complex (peak II) per 160 microL serum. There were significant inverse relationships between the high affinity (receptor-related) GH-BP and several characteristics of 24-h GH release. Specifically, GH-BP was significantly (P less than 0.005 for all), but negatively, correlated with mean 24-h GH concentration (r = -0.62), sum of the GH pulse amplitudes (r = -0.57), sum of the GH pulse areas (r = -0.55), interpulse mean GH concentration (r = -0.53), and number of GH pulses per 24 h (r = -0.53). In addition, GH-BP correlated positively with the mean time interval between pulses (r = 0.59). There was also a significant positive correlation (r = 0.75; P less than 0.001) between GH-BP and the subject's age-adjusted body mass index SD score (BMI-SDS). Each characteristic of 24-h GH release correlating inversely with GH-BP also correlated inversely with BMI-SDS (P less than 0.01 for all comparisons). GH-BP did not, however, correlate with plasma insulin-like growth factor-I levels, serum testosterone concentrations, or height SDS. Binding to the low affinity GH-BP (peak I) did not correlate significantly with any of the examined GH pulse attributes, BMI-SDS, or the degree of binding to the high affinity GH-BP (peak II). We conclude that an inverse relationship exists between the high affinity serum GH-BP and 24-h GH release in boys under normal physiological conditions. We speculate that abnormalities in this relationship probably also exist and may underlie some disorders of growth.
Breathing type and body position effects on sternocleidomastoid and suprahyoid EMG activity (2005)

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of breathing type and body position on sternocleidomastoid and suprahyoid electromyographic (EMG) activity. The sample included 18 subjects with upper costal breathing type (study group) and 15 subjects with costo-diaphragmatic breathing type (control group). All individuals had natural dentition and bilateral molar support. EMG recordings at rest and while swallowing saliva were carried out by placing surface electrodes on the left sternocleidomastoid and left suprahyoid muscles. EMG activity was recorded while standing, seated upright, and in the lateral decubitus position. Upper costal breathing type subjects showed a significantly higher suprahyoid EMG activity at rest than costo-diaphragmatic subjects in all body positions studied (mixed model with unstructured covariance matrix). In the lateral decubitus position, both breathing types showed a significantly higher sternocleidomastoid EMG activity at rest and while swallowing saliva. The suprahyoid muscles demonstrated a significantly higher EMG activity at rest as well as in the lateral decubitus position (mixed model with unstructured covariance matrix). These results are relevant because sternocleidomastoid and suprahyoid muscles play an important role in controlling the head posture and mandible dynamics. The neurophysiological mechanisms involved are discussed.
Exploring the Cellular Activity of Camptothecin-Triple-Helix-Forming Oligonucleotide Conjugates (2005)

Topoisomerase I is a ubiquitous DNA-cleaving enzyme and an important therapeutic target in cancer chemotherapy for camptothecins (CPTs). These drugs stimulate DNA cleavage by topoisomerase I but exhibit little sequence preference, inducing toxicity and side effects. A convenient strategy to confer sequence specificity consists of the linkage of topoisomerase poisons to DNA sequence recognition elements. In this context, triple-helix-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) covalently linked to CPTs were investigated for the capacity to direct topoisomerase I-mediated DNA cleavage in cells. In the first part of our study, we showed that these optimized conjugates were able to regulate gene expression in cells upon the use of a Photinus pyralis luciferase reporter gene system. Furthermore, the formation of covalent topoisomerase I/DNA complexes by the TFO-CPT conjugates was detected in cell nuclei. In the second part, we elucidated the molecular specificity of topoisomerase I cleavage by the conjugates by using modified DNA targets and in vitro cleavage assays. Mutations either in the triplex site or in the DNA duplex receptor are not tolerated; such DNA modifications completely abolished conjugate-induced cleavage all along the DNA. These results indicate that these conjugates may be further developed to improve chemotherapeutic cancer treatments by targeting topoisomerase I-induced DNA cleavage to appropriately chosen genes.
Preparation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) over zeolite catalysts (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) over zeolite catalystsPochen Chu and Gunter H. KuhlCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1987, 26, 2, 365–369Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00062a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00062a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views580Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sequence Variants in Toll-Like Receptor Gene Cluster (TLR6-TLR1-TLR10) and Prostate Cancer Risk (2005)

The observed multiple associated SNPs at the TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster were dependent and suggest the presence of a founder prostate cancer risk variant on this haplotype background. The TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster may play a role in prostate cancer risk, although further functional studies are needed to pinpoint the disease-associated variants in this gene cluster.
Gene Augmentation for X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa Caused by Mutations in RPGR (2014)

X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) caused by mutations in the RPGR gene is a severe and early onset form of retinal degeneration, and no treatment is currently available. Recent evidence in two clinically relevant canine models shows that adeno-associated viral (AAV)-mediated RPGR gene transfer to rods and cones can prevent disease onset and rescue photoreceptors at early- and mid-stages of degeneration. There is thus a strong incentive for conducting long-term, preclinical efficacy and safety studies, while concomitantly pursuing the detailed phenotypic characterization of XLRP disease in patients that may benefit from such corrective therapy.
Spliceosome mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (2012)

The recently discovered spliceosome mutations represent a group of acquired genetic alterations that affect both myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. A substantial proportion of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), chronic myelomonocytoic leukemia (CMML) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) harbor such mutations, which are often missense in type. Genotype-phenotype correlations have been observed, including the clustering of ring sideroblasts with SF3B1 mutations in MDS. Spliceosome mutations might result in defective small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes assembly on the pre-mRNA, deregulated global and alternative mRNA splicing, nuclear-cytoplasm export, and unpliced mRNA degradation, and thus may alter the expression of multiple genes. In the current review, we discuss the potential role of these mutations in cell transformation and how they could impact the therapeutic approaches.
Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of RV144 Vaccine AIDSVAX Clade E Envelope Immunogen Is Enhanced by a gp120 N-Terminal Deletion (2012)

An immune correlates analysis of the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial revealed that antibody responses to the gp120 V1/V2 region correlated inversely with infection risk. The RV144 protein immunogens (A244-rp120 and MN-rgp120) were modified by an N-terminal 11-amino-acid deletion (Δ11) and addition of a herpes simplex virus (HSV) gD protein-derived tag (gD). We investigated the effects of these modifications on gp120 expression, antigenicity, and immunogenicity by comparing unmodified A244 gp120 with both Δ11 deletion and gD tag and with Δ11 only. Analysis of A244 gp120, with or without Δ11 or gD, demonstrated that the Δ11 deletion, without the addition of gD, was sufficient for enhanced antigenicity to gp120 C1 region, conformational V2, and V1/V2 gp120 conformational epitopes. RV144 vaccinee serum IgGs bound more avidly to A244 gp120 Δ11 than to the unmodified gp120, and their binding was blocked by C1, V2, and V1/V2 antibodies. Rhesus macaques immunized with the three different forms of A244 gp120 proteins gave similar levels of gp120 antibody titers, although higher antibody titers developed earlier in A244 Δ11 gp120-immunized animals. Conformational V1/V2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) gave significantly higher levels of blocking of plasma IgG from A244 Δ11 gp120-immunized animals than IgG from animals immunized with unmodified A244 gp120, thus indicating a qualitative difference in the V1/V2 antibodies induced by A244 Δ11 gp120. These results demonstrate that deletion of N-terminal residues in the RV144 A244 gp120 immunogen improves both envelope antigenicity and immunogenicity.
Highly Efficient, Massively-Parallel Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Cellular States and Molecular Features of Human Skin Pathology (2019)

SUMMARY The development of high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) methodologies has empowered the characterization of complex biological samples by dramatically increasing the number of constituent cells that can be examined concurrently. Nevertheless, these approaches typically recover substantially less information per-cell as compared to lower-throughput microtiter plate-based strategies. To uncover critical phenotypic differences among cells and effectively link scRNA-Seq observations to legacy datasets, reliable detection of phenotype-defining transcripts – such as transcription factors, affinity receptors, and signaling molecules – by these methods is essential. Here, we describe a substantially improved massively-parallel scRNA-Seq protocol we term Seq-Well S^3 (“Second-Strand Synthesis”) that increases the efficiency of transcript capture and gene detection by up to 10- and 5-fold, respectively, relative to previous iterations, surpassing best-in-class commercial analogs. We first characterized the performance of Seq-Well S^3 in cell lines and PBMCs, and then examined five different inflammatory skin diseases, illustrative of distinct types of inflammation, to explore the breadth of potential immune and parenchymal cell states. Our work presents an essential methodological advance as well as a valuable resource for studying the cellular and molecular features that inform human skin inflammation.
The Effect of pH on the Early Interaction of West Nile Virus with P388D1 Cells (1986)

The interaction between the flavivirus West Nile virus (WNV) and cells of the mouse macrophage-like cell line, P388D1, was assayed by transmission electron microscopy, by following the association of [35S]methionine-labelled virus with cells, and by using a radiobinding assay with an 125I-labelled F(ab')2 fragment of a monoclonal antibody directed against the major viral envelope surface glycoprotein. Using electron microscopy, both fusion and endocytosis were observed at pH 6.4, but at pH 8.0 only endocytosis was observed. When 35S-labelled WNV was bound to the P388D1 cell surface at 0 degrees C, less virus eluted on warming to 37 degrees C at mildly acidic than at alkaline or neutral pH values. The monoclonal antibody fragment had an increased affinity for cell surface viral E glycoprotein after prebound WNV was warmed at mildly acidic pH values. It is proposed that the warming of cell-virus mixtures at low pH results in fusion with a consequent reduction in elution of virus and an increase in the recognition of cell surface-expressed viral envelope glycoprotein by labelled antibody.
Suicide amongst psychiatric in-patients who abscond from the ward: a national clinical survey (2010)

Measures that may prevent absconding and subsequent suicide amongst in-patients might include tighter control of ward exits, and more intensive observation of patients, particularly in the early days of admission. Improving the ward environment to provide a supportive and less intimidating experience may contribute to reduced risk.
The Effect of Hyaluronic Acid-Carboxymethylcellulose in Reducing Adhesion Reformation in Rabbits (1999)

The effect of hyaluronic acid-carboxymethylcellulose film (Seprafilm) in reducing postoperative adhesion formation was examined in a rabbit induced-adhesion model. During laparotomy, the ileocaecal region was mechanically and chemically abraded to induce lesions. After a 28-day recovery period, adhesions were lysed by microsurgery and Seprafilm was applied to the lysed lesion in 10 rabbits and six rabbits received physiological saline. A third laparotomy was performed 10-14 days later and the area of adhesion reformation was compared to that found prior to application of test materials. The area of adhesion reformation with Seprafilm decreased to (mean +/- standard deviation) 11.71 +/- 10.97% of the originally lysed lesion and, the area was significantly reduced compared with controls treated with physiological saline. These results suggest that the use of Seprafilm may be a valuable new anti-adhesion material for abdominal or pelvic surgery and may be superior to existing anti-adhesion materials and techniques.
Structure of two divergent promoters located in front of the gene encoding pullulanase in Klebsiella pneumoniae and positively regulated by the malT product (1985)

Pullulanase is an extracellular starch-debranching enzyme produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae. When its structural gene, pulA, is introduced into Escherichia coli, it is controlled by malT, the positive regulator gene of the maltose regulon. Characterization of the region 5' to pulA and of the beginning of the gene described herein demonstrate that (i) pullulanase is probably a lipoprotein; (ii) an additional malT-controlled promoter (the malX promoter) lies adjacent to the pulA promoter and is oriented in the opposite direction; (iii) in common with the three previously described malT-controlled promoters, the pulA and malX promoters have a conserved hexanucleotide (consensus sequence, 5'-GGATGGA) 35 base pairs upstream from the transcription initiation site; and (iv) upstream from this conserved hexanucleotide the pulA and malX promoters differ from the other mal promoters in that they lack any detectable binding site for the cyclic AMP-binding protein.
CD44-initiated Cell Spreading Induces Pyk2 Phosphorylation, Is Mediated by Src Family Kinases, and Is Negatively Regulated by CD45 (2001)

CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule implicated in leukocyte adhesion and migration, co-stimulation of T cells, and tumor metastasis. CD45 is a leukocyte-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase that dephosphorylates the Src family kinases, Lck and Fyn, in T cells. Positive regulation of Lck by CD45 is required for its effective participation in T cell receptor signaling events. Here, immobilized CD44 antibody induced a distinctive cell spreading in CD45(-), but not CD45(+), T cells, and this correlated with the induction of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. Two focal adhesion family kinases, Pyk2 and, to a lesser extent, FAK were inducibly phosphorylated, as was a potential substrate, Cas. CD44-mediated cell spreading and induced tyrosine phosphorylation were prevented by the Src family kinase inhibitor, PP2. Furthermore, 2-fold more Lck associated with CD44 in the low density sucrose fraction from CD45(-) T cells compared with CD45(+) T cells, suggesting that CD45 may regulate the association of Lck with CD44 in this fraction. Therefore, in CD45(-) T cells, CD44 signaling is mediated by Src family kinases, and this leads to Pyk2 phosphorylation, cytoskeletal changes, and cell spreading. This implicates CD45 in the negative regulation of Src family kinase-mediated CD44 signaling leading to T cell spreading.
The Role of Intermediate Filament Proteins in the Development of Neurological Disease (2007)

Intermediate filaments (IFs), along with microfilaments and microtubules, comprise the three intracellular filaments identified in eukaryotic cells to date. Together, these three distinct filamentous networks act in a dynamic and tightly interconnected fashion to comprise the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. As such, they are involved in a number of essential and diverse cellular processes, including division, molecular transport, and the maintenance of structural integrity in the face of mechanical stress. Underscoring the ubiquitous importance of IF proteins to the normal function of cellular systems, mutations in IF-encoding genes that affect the structure, function, or regulation of these proteins are commonly found in association with a range of heritable genetic diseases. The diversity of IF-related disease is indeed as wide as the distribution of IF proteins themselves, effecting the development of a broad range of disease phenotypes. Here we review, with specific reference to recent developments in the correlation of genotype with phenotype, how the perturbation of IF networks can elicit the development of human neurological disease.
Fermentative Production of Chemicals That Can Be Used for Polymer Synthesis (2004)

The fermentative production of chemicals that can be used as monomers for the synthesis of polymers has become an important topic in biotechnology research because of the limited nature of petroleum and environmental issues. In particular, the fermentative production of metabolites such as dicarboxylic acids, amino acids, and diols, which are suitable as building blocks for subsequent polymerization, has attracted much attention. Various wild-type and metabolically engineered microorganisms have been developed for the efficient production of these chemicals from renewable resources. In addition, the development of fermentation strategies to achieve the highest possible productivities has been another focus of research, considering that these monomers should be produced at costs low enough to compete with petroleum-derived ones. In this paper, the metabolic pathways leading to the synthesis of such important monomers including succinic acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, propan-1,2-diol, and propan-1,3-diol are reviewed. In addition, the metabolic engineering and fermentation strategies for their production are reviewed.
R1507, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting IGF‐1R, is effective alone and in combination with rapamycin in inhibiting growth of osteosarcoma xenografts (2010)

IGF-1R inhibition by R1507 induced tumor growth delays and improvement in event-free survival in four of six osteosarcoma xenograft tumor lines. R1507 negates increased signaling through AKT in response to mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition, suggesting that the combination is worthy of further evaluation in patients. As R1507 and other IGF-1R inhibitors advance in clinical trials, it will be important to understand biomarkers of response and pathways of resistance.