gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Native American Occupation of Alcatraz Island: Radio and Rhetoric (2019)

In order to draw attention to the numerous social and economic plights facing indigenous populations, a group of Native American protesters occupied Alcatraz Island from November 1969 to June 1971. Throughout the nineteen months of occupation, protesters received much attention from the media. While in theory this coverage may have been beneficial, the media presented the story in a largely negative and inaccurate light. Upon review of the literature, it becomes evident that the media used racist and poor journalistic practices to diminish the protest. To counter this biased view, the occupiers released their own news via radio. A comparative analysis of selected Radio Free Alcatraz broadcasts and selected releases from the mainstream media sources of the time demonstrates a dichotomy in the presentation of the situation and reveals a series of discriminatory tendencies in the journalistic portrayal of Native Americans. Understanding this divide and these tendencies in the presentation of minorities may allow for a greater understanding of contemporary race and media relations.
Politics Lost, Politics Transformed, Politics Colonised? Theories of the Impact of Mass Media (2005)

In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the literature on the relationship between politics and mass media, mainly in discrete topic areas such as the impact of mass media on electoral behaviour, the emergence of new forms of political communication, or media political economy. At the same time, this diverse literature has often focused on a single general issue, typically characterised in terms of the ‘transformation’ of politics. Despite this common theme, there has been relatively little attempt to connect and compare the different approaches. Looking at the theoretical differences in the new literature on politics and mass media reveals three perspectives – pluralist, constructivist, and structuralist. These approaches have too often tacitly co-existed, instead of more competitively striving to advance knowledge in the three main topic areas above.
Misconception and Concerns about Bioidentical Hormones Used for Custom-Compounded Hormone Therapy (2011)

The results of the Women’s Health Initiative hormone therapy (HT) trials have caused both apprehension and confusion about the overall risks and benefits associated with postmenopausal HT (1). Since the results were published, patient and clinician interest in potential alternatives to conventional HT has grown immensely and continues to grow. This appears to be particularly true for products or regimens that claim to have fewer risks and side effects than commercially available HT preparations. One commonly used alternative HT involves customcompounded hormone preparations. The hormones in these preparations include estrogen [17 -estradiol (estradiol), estrone, and/or estriol], progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone. The products can be prepared in individualized dosages and forms such as creams, gels, lotions, sublingual tablets, troches (lozenges) for buccal administration, and suppositories by compounding pharmacies from a clinician’s prescription. They are often touted by advocates as safer than commercially prepared HT products. Proponents also claim that customcompounded HT is associated with fewer side effects and may provide better symptom relief than conventional HT because the hormones used in the preparations are “bioidentical,” i.e. identical to those made in the body. The majority of these claims are unsubstantiated, and no rigorous randomized control trials have been carried out to support any of the claims. Because the customcompounding of HT products is not regulated, a particular concern is that some women may be overdosed, or treated with ineffective products, or subject to unidentified risk. The objectives of the present commentary are: 1) to show that the so-called “bioidentical” hormones in custom-compounded HT preparations may not be identical to those made in the body; and 2) to point out how the lack of regulation of these hormone products can cause adverse effects in postmenopausal women using them.
Carbon Nanotubes:  Synthesis, Integration, and Properties (2002)

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition over patterned catalyst arrays leads to nanotubes grown from specific sites on surfaces. The growth directions of the nanotubes can be controlled by van der Waals self-assembly forces and applied electric fields. The patterned growth approach is feasible with discrete catalytic nanoparticles and scalable on large wafers for massive arrays of novel nanowires. Controlled synthesis of nanotubes opens up exciting opportunities in nanoscience and nanotechnology, including electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical properties and devices, chemical functionalization, surface chemistry and photochemistry, molecular sensors, and interfacing with soft biological systems.
Influence of Human Serum on Pharmacodynamic Properties of an Investigational Glycopeptide, LY333328, and Comparator Agents against Staphylococcus aureus (1998)

The MICs and MBCs of 15 antibiotics for two strains of Staphylococcus aureus were determined in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) and 90% serum-10% MHB. Subsequent experiments established that highly protein-bound antibiotics (>/=80%), such as LY333328, demonstrated higher MICs and MBCs, less killing over an 8-h interval, and shorter postantibiotic effects in 90% serum-10% MHB than in MHB alone. Albumin was demonstrated to be almost solely responsible for changes in the aforementioned pharmacodynamic parameters of LY333328.
Isolation and characterization of an Escherichia coli mutant lacking cytochrome d terminal oxidase (1983)

A screening procedure was devised which permitted the isolation of a cytochrome d-deficient mutant by its failure to oxidize the artificial electron donor N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine. Cytochrome a1 and probably cytochrome b558 were also missing in the mutant. Growth and oxygen uptake rates were similar for both parent and mutant strains. However, the strain lacking cytochrome d had an increased sensitivity to cyanide, indicating that cytochrome d confers some resistance to this respiratory inhibitor. The gene responsible for these phenotypes has been named cyd and maps between tolA and sucB.
Assessment of Acyl Groups and Reaction Conditions in the Competition between Perhydrolysis and Hydrolysis of Acyl Resorufins for Developing an Indicator Reaction for Fluorometric Analysis of Hydrogen Peroxide. (2002)

Perhydrolysis of acetyl resorufin (AR) was reported previously to work as a fluorometric indicator reaction for glucose determination using only glucose oxidase. However, hydrolysis of AR in blank solution rendered the working concentration range of this method less than two orders of magnitude. To exclude or at least significantly reduce this interference, acyl groups and reaction conditions in the competition between perhydrolysis and hydrolysis of various acyl resorufins were assessed. Fluorometric evaluation of reactions in the presence or absence of H202 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5, 100 mm)-CH3CN at 25 degrees C demonstrated that in tert-butylacetyl, isobutyryl, cyclohexanecarbonyl and pivaloyl resorufins (TBAR, IBR, CHR and PVR, respectively) among 10 acyl resorufins examined here, the competitive situation was shifted in a much more favorable way to perhydrolysis than in AR, although fluorometric responses due to their H2O2-dependent deacylation were suppressed in comparison with AR. Examination of the effects of pH, components and concentrations of buffers as well as reaction temperature established reaction conditions that not only allowed perhydrolysis of each of these four compounds to prevail over hydrolysis more effectively, but also improved the H2O2-based fluorometric responses. Thus, perhydrolysis of TBAR, IBR, CHR and PVR in phosphate buffer (pH 8.0, 20 mM)-CH3CN at 25 degrees C worked effectively as fluorometric indicator reactions for H2O2 analysis, affording a calibration curve over a concentration range of three orders of magnitude. Taking sensitivity, reproducibility and the response for blank solution into consideration, PVR seemed to be the best choice as a fluorochromogen for H2O2 determination under these conditions. For H2O2 analysis at lower pH, perhydrolysis of IBR in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5, 20 mm)-CH3CN was shown to effectively function as an indicator reaction. Applicability of the fluorometric methods with PVR and IBR to blood glucose determination was also discussed, comparing with Trinder's method with phenol, 4-aminoantipyrine and peroxidase (POD).
A Mitochondrial DNA Restriction Enzyme Cleavage Map for the Scorpion Hadrurus Arizonensis (Iuridae) (1991)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Male sexual dysfunction after stroke. (1989)

Male sexual functions namely libido and potency were evaluated in fourteen right handed stroke patients. Half of the studied patients had reduced libido while reduced potency was found in 86% patients. Right hemispheric stroke patients had significantly higher reduction in libido as compared to left hemispheric stroke patients. Libido may have some specific cortical or limbic representation in right cerebral hemisphere.
Algae Need Their Vitamins (2006)

Algae are simple photosynthetic eukaryotes which-owing to their colonization of the oceans-are responsible for up to 50% of the planet's atmospheric carbon fixation (22).They comprise a diverse group that can broadly be defined as unicellular (microalgae) or multicellular (macroalgae) photosynthetic organisms that lack roots, stems, leaves, conducting vessels, and complex sex organs (55).A single endosymbiotic event between a cyanobacterium-like organism and a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote is thought to have given rise to the three basal groups of algae: the chlorophyta (from which higher plants arose), the glaucocystophyta, and the rhodophyta (Fig. 1).The chlorophyta and the rhodophyta, via secondary and tertiary endosymbiotic events with different nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes, gave rise to algal groups with complex plastids (Fig. 1).Some groups, such as the apicomplexans (e.g., Plasmodium falciparum) subsequently lost the ability to photosynthesize, although they still retain plastids.The number of symbioses that have occurred during the evolution of algae has been heavily debated, and the details are discussed elsewhere (46), but there are likely to have been several events.Consequently, it is not surprising that the physiology and metabolism of algae are extremely varied.For example, while the majority of green algae contain a highly structured cell wall comprising glycoproteins (19), euglenophyta simply contain a protein layer (known as the pellicle) beneath the cell membrane, and the cell walls of diatoms are made from silica (24).Dinophyta, euglenophyta, and heterokontophyta contain members that are phagotrophic on bacterial prey, but this characteristic is absent from the groups with simple plastids.Furthermore, although most algae are regarded as free-living organisms, many dinoflagellates are closely associated with corals, and members of several algal groups live with fungi as lichens (13), providing photosynthate for their heterotrophic partner.
MCPIP1 Selectively Destabilizes Transcripts Associated with an Antiapoptotic Gene Expression Program in Breast Cancer Cells That Can Elicit Complete Tumor Regression (2016)

The ability of cancer cells to evade apoptosis is dictated by a shift in the balance between proapoptotic and antiapoptotic gene expression programs. Monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) is a zinc-finger RNA binding protein with important roles in mediating inflammatory responses. Overexpression of MCPIP1 in different cancer cell types has been implicated in eliciting an antitumor response, but a direct role of MCPIP1 in apoptosis has not been established. In this study, we demonstrate that MCPIP1 functions as a potent tumor suppressor that induces apoptosis of breast tumor cells by selectively enhancing mRNA decay of antiapoptotic gene transcripts, including Bcl2L1, Bcl2A1, RelB, Birc3, and Bcl3. Mechanistically, MCPIP1 physically interacted with a stem-loop structure in the 3' untranslated region of these transcripts through its PIN domain, causing mRNA destabilization. Furthermore, we found that MCPIP1 expression was repressed in breast tumor cells, and overexpression of MCPIP1 induced apoptosis, whereas its depletion enhanced cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, MCPIP1 induction in vivo resulted in complete regression of established tumors and a significant reduction in metastatic disease. Notably, low MCPIP1 expression in tumor samples from breast cancer patients was strongly associated with poor survival over 13 years of follow-up. Collectively, our results highlight that MCPIP1 is a new tumor suppressor in breast cancer that induces cell death by tipping the balance in favor of proapoptotic gene expression.
Asymmetric synthesis of calyculin A. 3. Assemblage of the calyculin skeleton and the introduction of a new phosphate monoester synthesis (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric synthesis of calyculin A. 3. Assemblage of the calyculin skeleton and the introduction of a new phosphate monoester synthesisDavid A. Evans, James R. Gage, and James L. LeightonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 7, 1964–1966Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00033a011Request reuse permissionsArticle Views498Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (349 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Expression of human and Chinese hamster hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase cDNA recombinants in cultured Lesch-Nyhan and Chinese hamster fibroblasts. (1983)

The results presented in this communication demonstrate that hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) cDNA can be expressed in both Chinese hamster and human fibroblasts deficient in the endogenous gene product at levels permitting normal growth of the transformants. All the elements necessary for this expression are present in a pBR322-derived plasmid containing HPRT cDNA coding sequence and a retroviral long terminal repeat. These molecules function in both species investigated and, at least in the case of the Chinese hamster transformants, are efficient at the single copy level. Although the effects of the presence of intron sequences and a polyadenylation signal within the plasmids have yet to be evaluated, these studies demonstrate that neither is an absolute requirement for expression of HPRT cDNA sequences in cultured mammalian cells. We describe the construction of recombinant plasmids containing wild type human or Chinese hamster HPRT cDNA sequences in tandem with a retroviral LTR which confer the HPRT+ phenotype in HPRT-deficient V79 and Lesch-Nyhan fibroblasts. Both stable and unstable transformants, that expressed HPRT mRNA and protein, were isolated at high frequency.
Improved Cycle Detection for Accelerometer Based Gait Authentication (2010)

Over the last years, there has been an increasing research interest in the application of accelerometry data for many kinds of automated gait analysis algorithms. The need for more security on mobile devices is increasing with new functionalities and features made available. To improve the device security we propose an improved biometric gait recognition approach with a stable cycle detection mechanism and comparison algorithm. Unlike previous work on wearable gait recognition, which was based from simple average cycling methods to more complicated methods, this paper reports new techniques for which can improve the performance, by using simple approaches. Preprocessing, cycle detection and recognition-analysis were applied to the acceleration signal. The performance of the system was evaluated having 60 volunteers and 12 sessions each volunteer and resulted in an equal error rate (EER) of 5.7%.
Cerium-ion-doped yttrium aluminum garnet nanophosphors prepared through sol-gel pyrolysis for luminescent lighting (2002)

Luminescent Y3Al5O12: Ce3+ [yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG):Ce3+] nanoceramics (5–50 nm) have been prepared through a facile sol-gel pyrolysis route. A blueshift of about 720 cm−1 in the reflectance spectra near the absorption edge can be observed for YAG:Ce3+ nanoparticles (having an average particle size around 5 nm) with respect to the submicron powders (∼0.9 μm). Furthermore, the scope of application for this important luminescent system can be extended by isostructural substitution with heavier cations such as Ba2+. This substitution giving rise to an oxygen-vacancy defect complex, that exhibits certain size-sensitive exciton-impurity energy-transfer property in YAG:Ce3+ nanoparticles.
Critical involvement of IL-12 in IFN-γ induction by calcineurin antagonists in activated human lymphocytes (2006)

Calcineurin antagonists are known as potent immunosuppressants working particularly on T cells by virtue of their capacity to block nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) activation and translocation to the nucleus. In addition to interleukin (IL)-2 suppression, T helper cell type 1 (Th1) as well as Th2 cytokine transcription is blocked by calcineurin antagonists. Here, we show that calcineurin antagonists such as cyclosporin A (CsA) or tacrolimus can markedly enhance the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by human T cells. This increased IFN-gamma production is dependent on T cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 signaling as well as on the presence of IL-12. IL-27, which could mimic the effect of IL-12, was however less potent in inducing IFN-gamma production in the presence of CsA and TCR stimulation. Other cytokines such as IL-23, IL-18, IL-2, or the Th2-related cytokine IL-4 are not able to support a calcineurin antagonist-dependent up-regulation of IFN-gamma. CsA-dependent IFN-gamma production is observable in therapeutic concentrations. The effect is independent of IL-10 or IL-4, as addition of these cytokines could not inhibit the CsA-induced IFN-gamma production. The effect of calcineurin antagonists is associated with an increased c-fos expression and DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor activated protein-1 but not with increased DNA-binding activity of T-bet. Our study further supports the relevance of known calcineurin activities other than NFAT activation. The presented data may help to explain why concomitant infections (resulting in increased IL-12 expression) under therapy with calcineurin antagonists often have a negative impact on the activity of the underlying disease (e.g., autoimmune disease).
A Strategy for Modulation of Enzymes in the Ubiquitin System (2013)

The ubiquitin system regulates virtually all aspects of cellular function. We report a method to target the myriad enzymes that govern ubiquitination of protein substrates. We used massively diverse combinatorial libraries of ubiquitin variants to develop inhibitors of four deubiquitinases (DUBs) and analyzed the DUB-inhibitor complexes with crystallography. We extended the selection strategy to the ubiquitin conjugating (E2) and ubiquitin ligase (E3) enzymes and found that ubiquitin variants can also enhance enzyme activity. Last, we showed that ubiquitin variants can bind selectively to ubiquitin-binding domains. Ubiquitin variants exhibit selective function in cells and thus enable orthogonal modulation of specific enzymatic steps in the ubiquitin system.
Estrogen receptor immunocytochemistry: the promise and the perils. (1994)

Estrogen receptor immunocytochemistry (ERICA) is favored over dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) or sucrose gradient assay (SGA) by many pathologists and oncologists since it allows an estimation of tumor cell and tissue heterogeneity and permits assays to be performed on specimens not suitable for DCC/SGA. Additionally, ERICA can be performed with greater ease and with less expense at the level of the community hospital pathology laboratory. Initially, like DCC/SGA, ERICA had to be done on fresh or frozen tumor samples or face a significant loss in sensitivity when applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Recently, several anti-estrogen receptor (ER) antibodies have appeared which can be successfully employed to assay routinely prepared tissue sections if used in conjunction with new antigen-retrieval techniques such as the microwave oven and citrate buffers. However, more work is needed to correlate results of these new procedures with biochemical ER assays, endocrine response, and survival before they can be reliably employed as prognostic parameters. Furthermore, if any ER assay is to be useful and valid, strict attention must be paid to details of specimen collection, freezing, and fixation in order to inhibit receptor degradation and false negative results.
The conformations of locked nucleic acids (LNA) (2000)

We have used 2D NMR spectroscopy to study the sugar conformations of oligonucleotides containing a conformationally restricted nucleotide (LNA) with a 2'-O, 4'-C-methylene bridge. We have investigated a modified 9-mer single stranded oligonucleotide as well as three 9- and 10-mer modified oligonucleotides hybridized to unmodified DNA. The single-stranded LNA contained three modifications whereas the duplexes contained one, three and four modifications, respectively. The LNA:DNA duplexes have normal Watson-Crick base-pairing with all the nucleotides in anti-conformation. By use of selective DQF-COSY spectra we determined the ratio between the N-type (C3'-endo) and S-type (C2'-endo) sugar conformations of the nucleotides. In contrast to the corresponding single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), we found that the sugar conformations of the single-stranded LNA oligonucleotide (ssLNA) cannot be described by a major S-type conformer of all the nucleotides. The nucleotides flanking an LNA nucleotide have sugar conformations with a significant population of the N-type conformer. Similarly, the sugar conformations of the nucleotides in the LNA:DNA duplexes flanking a modification were also shown to have significant contributions from the N-type conformation. In all cases, the sugar conformations of the nucleotides in the complementary DNA strand in the duplex remain in the S-type conformation. We found that the locked conformation of the LNA nucleotides both in ssLNA and in the duplexes organize the phosphate backbone in such a way as to introduce higher population of the N-type conformation. These conformational changes are associated with an improved stacking of the nucleobases. Based on the results reported herein, we propose that the exceptional stability of the LNA modified duplexes is caused by a quenching of concerted local backbone motions (preorganization) by the LNA nucleotides in ssLNA so as to decrease the entropy loss on duplex formation combined with a more efficient stacking of the nucleobases.