gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of an All-in-One Molecule (for Organic Solar Cells) (2006)

A multidomain compound with applications in the area of organic solar cells has been prepared. This all-in-one molecule compound integrates all the functionalities needed for solar cell action from light harvesting, carrier generation, and separation, to transport and contact to external electrodes. A convergent synthetic strategy with some 60 steps involving preparation of regioregular oligothiophenes, a zinc porphyrin, a bisterpyridine ruthenium(II) complex, a hetero oligo phenylenevinylene and functional end groups is described. Preliminary investigations of photovoltaic devices based on the target molecule gave values of 0.18 V, 0.0044 mA cm(-2), 29% and 0.000081% for the open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), fill factor (FF), and efficiency (eta). These poor values are compared to those obtained with an oligo-3-hexylthiophene which gave values of 0.7 V, 0.046 mA cm(-2), 24.6%, and 0.0081% for the open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), fill factor (FF) and efficiency (eta). This latter compound was also studied in a bulk heterojunction device with PCBM (1:1 blend) which gave values of 0.43 V, 0.45 mA cm(-2), 33.5%, and 0.063%.
Metabolism of the Lanthanons in the Rat. (1956)

1. The metabolism of the lanthanons has been studied in the rat on a systematic basis using tracer technics. High-specific activity preparations were administered orally or intramuscularly as citrate complexes. 2. Data are presented for the fifteen lanthanons 1 and 4 days after administration and at intervals up to 8 months for those isotopes with sufficiently long half lives. In general, absorption from the parenteral injection site was relatively complete at four days. Gastrointestinal absorption of the 4 lanthanons administered orally was insignificant. 3. The light lanthanons (lanthanum through samarium). Deposition was primarily in the liver and skeleton, 50 and 25% of the administered dose respectively. Elimination from the liver (presumably by way of the bile duct to the gastrointestinal tract) was quite rapid with a half-time of about 15 days. Two months after injection the skeleton retained about two-thirds of its initial deposition; there was no further elimination from the skeleton during the subsequent 8 months. 4. The transition lanthanons (europium and gadolinium). Deposition was more nearly equal in liver and skeleton, 30 and 40% of the administered dose respectively. Excretion was both fecal and urinary. 5. The heavy lanthanons (terbium through lutetium). Deposition was mainly skeletal, 50 to 65% of the administered dose. Elimination from the skeleton was slow with a half-time of approximately 2.5 years. Excretion of extra-skeletal heavy lanthanon occurred within the first two weeks after injection and was almost entirely urinary.
Mutations Uncover a Role for Two Magnesium Ions in the Catalytic Mechanism of Adenylyl Cyclase (1998)

The recent determination of the crystal structure of adenylyl cyclase has elucidated many structural features that determine the regulatory properties of the enzyme. In addition, the characterization of adenylyl cyclase by mutagenic techniques and the identification of the binding site for P-site inhibitors have led to modeling studies that describe the ATP-binding site. Despite these advances, the catalytic mechanism of adenylyl cyclase remains uncertain, especially with respect to the role that magnesium ions may play in this process. We have identified four mutant mammalian adenylyl cyclases defective in their metal dependence, allowing us to further characterize the function of metal ions in the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme. The wild-type adenylyl cyclase shows a biphasic Mg2+ dose-response curve in which the high-affinity component displays cooperativity (Hill coefficient of 1.4). Two mutations (C441R and Y442H) reduce the affinity of the adenylyl cyclase for Mg2+ dramatically without affecting the binding of MgATP, suggesting that there is a metal requirement in addition to the ATP-bound Mg2+. The results of this study thus demonstrate multiple metal requirements of adenylyl cyclase and support the existence of a Mg2+ ion essential for catalysis and distinct from the ATP-bound ion. We propose that adenylyl cyclase employs a catalytic mechanism analogous to that of DNA polymerase, in which two key magnesium ions facilitate the nucleophilic attack of the 3'-hydroxyl group and the subsequent elimination of pyrophosphate.
Expression of cyclin D2 and D3 in lymphoid lesions (1999)

The D-type cyclins, involved in the regulation of G 1 progression of the cell cycle, are expressed in a lineage-specific manner. Normal hematopoietic cells express cyclin D2 and/or D3. In order to determine whether their expression pattern changes in lymphoid tumors, we examined cyclin D2 and D3 expression in non-neoplastic and neoplastic lymphoid lesions, using a sensitive immunohistochemical amplification method. Centroblasts in lymphoid follicles of reactive lymph nodes expressed exclusively cyclin D3 and no D2. Interfollicular areas contained scattered cyclin D3 and D2 positive cells. By double staining, cyclin D3 was detected in CD79a positive B cells, CD3 positive T cells and CD68 positive macrophages. Cyclin D2 was present only in CD3 positive T cells. Neoplastic lymphoid lesions included 33 B cell lymphomas, 9 T cell lymphomas and 12 Hodgkin's lymphomas. The B cell lymphomas comprised 9 follicular lymphomas (FL), 1 Burkitt lymphoma (BL), 22 diffuse large cell lymphomas (DL) and 1 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). All 9 FLs and the single BL expressed exclusively cyclin D3, similarly to germinal center B cells, that represent their cells of origin. Six DLs expressed both cyclin D2 and D3, while 6 expressed only D3. Among the 9 pleomorphic T cell lymphomas, medium and large cell type, 5 expressed cyclin D2. Cyclin D3 was also detected in scattered cells in 4 of 9 cases and was highly expressed in 2 of 9 T cell lymphomas. The majority of Hodgkin's lymphomas expressed both cyclin D2 and D3 in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells. The high frequency of positive cells indicates that both cyclins were expressed in the same cells. Int.
THE ROLE OF A-ESTERASE IN THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF PARAOXON, TEPP, AND PARATHION (1956)

The liver and serum A-esterase activity was determined in normal rats and in rats which four days previously had been fed a massive sublethal dose of aldrin. Aldrin pretreatment doubled the A-esterase activity in the liver and halved it in the serum. The intravenous toxicity of paraoxon increased slightly following aldrin pretreatment, while the oral toxicity decreased threefold. These results indicated that the A-esterase activity of the liver mediates the oral toxicity, and that the serum activity influences the intravenous toxicity. The latter conclusion was verified by the preparation of a partially purified concentrate of rabbit serum A-esterase. The concentrate was intravenously injected into rats. The serum A-esterase activity increased three- to five-fold, and the acute toxicity of paraoxon decreased significantly. Following aldrin pretreatment the oral toxicity of TEPP decreased slightly, while the intravenous toxicity remained unaltered. This result is explained by the relative activity of A-esterase toward paraoxon and TEPP. Parathioa intravenous toxicity increased two- to three-fold following aldrin pretreatment. Comparison of paraoxon with parathion experiments suggested that aldrin pretreatment results in the inhibition of the 'in vivo' conversion of parathion to paraoxon. The serum esterase hydrolyzing phenylbenzoate in rat and rabbit was found to be the B-type esterase of Aldridge.
Watersheds in digital spaces: an efficient algorithm based on immersion simulations (1991)

A fast and flexible algorithm for computing watersheds in digital gray-scale images is introduced. A review of watersheds and related motion is first presented, and the major methods to determine watersheds are discussed. The algorithm is based on an immersion process analogy, in which the flooding of the water in the picture is efficiently simulated using of queue of pixel. It is described in detail provided in a pseudo C language. The accuracy of this algorithm is proven to be superior to that of the existing implementations, and it is shown that its adaptation to any kind of digital grid and its generalization to n-dimensional images (and even to graphs) are straightforward. The algorithm is reported to be faster than any other watershed algorithm. Applications of this algorithm with regard to picture segmentation are presented for magnetic resonance (MR) imagery and for digital elevation models. An example of 3-D watershed is also provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Speculative multithreaded processors (1998)

Article Speculative multithreaded processors Share on Authors: Pedro Marcuello Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, C/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Mòdul D-6, 08034 Barcelona, Spain Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, C/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Mòdul D-6, 08034 Barcelona, SpainView Profile , Antonio González Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, C/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Mòdul D-6, 08034 Barcelona, Spain Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, C/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Mòdul D-6, 08034 Barcelona, SpainView Profile , Jordi Tubella Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, C/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Mòdul D-6, 08034 Barcelona, Spain Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, C/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Mòdul D-6, 08034 Barcelona, SpainView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICS '98: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on SupercomputingJuly 1998 Pages 77–84https://doi.org/10.1145/277830.277850Online:13 July 1998Publication History 96citation778DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations96Total Downloads778Last 12 Months12Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Role of Donepezil in Autism: Its Conduciveness in Psychopharmacotherapy (2011)

A woman consulted psychiatric Out-Patient Department (OPD) for her 5-year and 2-month-old son presenting with typical autistic symptoms like social, behavioural, and communicational ineptitudeness. Subsequent treatment with Donepezil resulted in marked improvement in the aforementioned symptomatology. Recent studies in autistic child have shown diminished acetylcholine and nicotinic receptor activity, thus an acetylcholinergic enhancer, Donepezil, likely accounts for improvement in autistic symptoms. Evidently, the case report consolidates Donepezil role as a potentially useful agent in the treatment of cognitive and behavioural symptoms observed in this disorder.
Expression of T-cell-associated serine proteinase 1 during murine Leishmania major infection correlates with susceptibility to disease (1991)

The expression of T-cell-associated serine proteinase 1 (MTSP-1) in vivo during Leishmania major infection was analyzed in genetically resistant C57BL/6 mice and in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice. Using a monoclonal antibody as well as an RNA probe specific for MTSP-1 to stain tissue sections, we found T cells expressing MTSP-1 in skin lesions and spleens of mice of both strains. In skin lesions, MTSP-1-positive T cells could be detected as early as 3 days after infection. Most importantly, the frequency of T cells expressing MTSP-1 was significantly higher in susceptible BALB/c mice than in resistant C57BL/6 mice. These findings suggest that MTSP-1 is associated with disease-promoting T cells and that it may be an effector molecule involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Myelin-mediated inhibition of oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation can be overcome by pharmacological modulation of Fyn-RhoA and protein kinase C signalling (2009)

Failure of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation contributes significantly to failed myelin sheath regeneration (remyelination) in chronic demyelinating diseases. Although the reasons for this failure are not completely understood, several lines of evidence point to factors present following demyelination that specifically inhibit differentiation of cells capable of generating remyelinating oligodendrocytes. We have previously demonstrated that myelin debris generated by demyelination inhibits remyelination by inhibiting OPC differentiation and that the inhibitory effects are associated with myelin proteins. In the present study, we narrow down the spectrum of potential protein candidates by proteomic analysis of inhibitory protein fractions prepared by CM and HighQ column chromatography followed by BN/SDS/SDS-PAGE gel separation using Nano-HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. We show that the inhibitory effects on OPC differentiation mediated by myelin are regulated by Fyn-RhoA-ROCK signalling as well as by modulation of protein kinase C (PKC) signalling. We demonstrate that pharmacological or siRNA-mediated inhibition of RhoA-ROCK-II and/or PKC signalling can induce OPC differentiation in the presence of myelin. Our results, which provide a mechanistic link between myelin, a mediator of OPC differentiation inhibition associated with demyelinating pathologies and specific signalling pathways amenable to pharmacological manipulation, are therefore of significant potential value for future strategies aimed at enhancing CNS remyelination.
Focused, Nanoscale Electron-Beam-Induced Deposition and Etching (2006)

Focused electron-beam-induced (FEB-induced) deposition and etching are versatile, direct-write nanofabrication schemes that allow for selective deposition or removal of a variety of materials. Fundamentally, these processes are governed by an electron-induced reaction with a precursor vapor, which may either result in decomposition to a solid deposit or formation of a volatile etch by-product. The ability to induce such localized reactions by placement of a nanometer-sized focused electron probe has recently drawn considerable attention. In response, we have reviewed much of the relevant literature pertaining to both focused electron-beam-induced etching and deposition. Because these nanoscale processing techniques are still in their relative infancy, a significant amount of scientific research is being conducted to understand, and hence improve, the processes. This article summarizes the associated physics of electron-solid-vapor interactions, discusses related physical processes, and provides an introduction to electron-beam-induced etching (EBIE) and electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID). Additionally, specific applications of FEB-induced processes are discussed and several FEB computer model and simulation results are reviewed.
Design of aqueous redox-enhanced electrochemical capacitors with high specific energies and slow self-discharge (2015)

Electrochemical double-layer capacitors exhibit high power and long cycle life but have low specific energy compared with batteries, limiting applications. Redox-enhanced capacitors increase specific energy by using redox-active electrolytes that are oxidized at the positive electrode and reduced at the negative electrode during charging. Here we report characteristics of several redox electrolytes to illustrate operational/self-discharge mechanisms and the design rules for high performance. We discover a methyl viologen (MV)/bromide electrolyte that delivers a high specific energy of ∼14 Wh kg(-1) based on the mass of electrodes and electrolyte, without the use of an ion-selective membrane separator. Substituting heptyl viologen for MV increases stability, with no degradation over 20,000 cycles. Self-discharge is low, due to adsorption of the redox couples in the charged state to the activated carbon, and comparable to cells with inert electrolyte. An electrochemical model reproduces experiments and predicts that 30-50 Wh kg(-1) is possible with optimization.
Combination Therapy With Thalidomide Plus Dexamethasone for Newly Diagnosed Myeloma (2002)

We conclude that the combination of thalidomide plus dexamethasone is a feasible and active regimen in the treatment of multiple myeloma. It merits further study as an oral alternative to infusional chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone and other intravenous regimens currently used as pretransplantation induction therapy for myeloma.
βAR Signaling Required for Diet-Induced Thermogenesis and Obesity Resistance (2002)

Excessive caloric intake is thought to be sensed by the brain, which then activates thermogenesis as a means of preventing obesity. The sympathetic nervous system, through beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) action on target tissues, is likely the efferent arm of this homeostatic mechanism. To test this hypothesis, we created mice that lack the three known betaARs (beta-less mice). beta-less mice on a Chow diet had a reduced metabolic rate and were slightly obese. On a high-fat diet, beta-less mice, in contrast to wild-type mice, developed massive obesity that was due entirely to a failure of diet-induced thermogenesis. These findings establish that betaARs are necessary for diet-induced thermogenesis and that this efferent pathway plays a critical role in the body's defense against diet-induced obesity.
The role of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapA-1) in Neisseria meningitidis adherence to human cells (2010)

Our data demonstrates that meningococcal GapA-1 is a constitutively-expressed, highly-conserved surface-exposed protein which is antibody-accessible only in the absence of capsule. Mutation of GapA-1 does not affect the in vitro growth rate of N. meningitidis, but significantly affects the ability of the organism to adhere to human epithelial and endothelial cells in a capsule-independent process suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of meningococcal infection.
Self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells requires insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and ERBB2 receptor signaling (2007)

Despite progress in developing defined conditions for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) cultures, little is known about the cell-surface receptors that are activated under conditions supportive of hESC self-renewal. A simultaneous interrogation of 42 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in hESCs following stimulation with mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) conditioned medium (CM) revealed rapid and prominent tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R); less prominent tyrosine phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members, including ERBB2 and ERBB3; and trace phosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor receptors. Intense IGF1R and IR phosphorylation occurred in the absence of MEF conditioning (NCM) and was attributable to high concentrations of insulin in the proprietary KnockOut Serum Replacer (KSR). Inhibition of IGF1R using a blocking antibody or lentivirus-delivered shRNA reduced hESC self-renewal and promoted differentiation, while disruption of ERBB2 signaling with the selective inhibitor AG825 severely inhibited hESC proliferation and promoted apoptosis. A simple defined medium containing an IGF1 analog, heregulin-1beta (a ligand for ERBB2/ERBB3), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), and activin A supported long-term growth of multiple hESC lines. These studies identify previously unappreciated RTKs that support hESC proliferation and self-renewal, and provide a rationally designed medium for the growth and maintenance of pluripotent hESCs.
14-3-3η is a novel mediator associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and joint damage (2014)

Extracellular 14-3-3η activates key signalling cascades and induces factors associated with the pathogenesis of RA at concentrations found in patients with RA, and its expression is higher in patients with radiographic damage and RA progression.
Gut peptides and the regulation of appetite (2006)

There is a growing worldwide epidemic of obesity. Obese people have a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and hence present increasing social, financial and health burdens. Weight loss is always difficult to achieve through lifestyle changes alone, and currently licensed anti-obesity drug treatments, such as orlistat and sibutramine, if tolerated, only achieve modest weight loss. Therefore, there is a need to identify more potent pharmacological targets. In the last 10 years, discoveries of new hormones such as leptin and ghrelin, together with greater understanding of previously described hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), have led to a rapid increase in our knowledge of the regulation of energy balance. Among the most important factors, controlling appetite and satiety are peptide hormones released from the gut. In this paper, we provide a full up-to-date overview of the current state of knowledge of this field, together with the potential of these peptides as drugs, or as other therapeutic targets, in the treatment of obesity. Finally, we propose an integrated model to describe the complex interplay of these hormones in the broader physiology of energy balance.
Implications of Human Macrophage Metalloelastase and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Expression in Angiogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2000)

HME gene expression is significantly associated with hypovascular tumors; moreover, angiogenesis in HCC is not determined by a single factor, but depends on the net balance between HME and VEGF gene expressions.
EC-Store: Bridging the Gap between Storage and Latency in Distributed Erasure Coded Systems (2018)

Cloud storage systems typically choose between replicating or erasure encoding data to provide fault tolerance. Replication ensures that data can be accessed from a single site but incurs a much higher storage overhead, which is a costly downside for large-scale storage systems. Erasure coding has a lower storage requirement but relies on encoding/decoding and distributed data retrieval, which can result in straggling requests that increase response times. We propose strategies for data access and data movement within erasure-coded storage systems that significantly reduce data retrieval times. We present EC-Store, a system that incorporates these dynamic strategies for data access and movement based on workload access patterns. Through detailed evaluation using two benchmark workloads, we show that EC-Store incurs significantly less storage overhead than replication while achieving better performance than both replicated and erasure-coded storage systems.
Mutations in GFAP Disrupt the Distribution and Function of Organelles in Human Astrocytes (2018)

How mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) cause Alexander disease (AxD) remains elusive. We generated iPSCs from two AxD patients and corrected the GFAP mutations to examine the effects of mutant GFAP on human astrocytes. AxD astrocytes displayed GFAP aggregates, recapitulating the pathological hallmark of AxD. RNA sequencing implicated the endoplasmic reticulum, vesicle regulation, and cellular metabolism. Corroborating this analysis, we observed enlarged and heterogeneous morphology coupled with perinuclear localization of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes in AxD astrocytes. Functionally, AxD astrocytes showed impaired extracellular ATP release, which is responsible for attenuated calcium wave propagation. These results reveal that AxD-causing mutations in GFAP disrupt intracellular vesicle regulation and impair astrocyte secretion, resulting in astrocyte dysfunction and AxD pathogenesis.