gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication by a Tat RNA-Binding Domain Peptide Analog (1998)

The peptidic compound, N-acetyl-Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Arg-Cys(biotin)-NH2 (Tat10-biotin), contains the 9-amino acid sequence from the basic domain of the Tat protein responsible for specific interaction with TAR RNA. The cysteine residue provides an attachment site for biotin, which acts as a cellular uptake enhancer. Tat10-biotin binds a fragment of TAR RNA (deltaTAR) avidly and specifically, as measured in an electrophoretic gel shift assay. Tat10-biotin inhibited tat gene-induced expression of a stably transfected chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene linked to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) in a model cell assay, but did not inhibit phorbol ester-induced expression of CAT, thereby demonstrating a Tat-dependent mechanism of inhibition. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication after acute infection of MT2 cells was demonstrated by absence of HIV-induced syncytium formation and cytotoxicity, as well as by suppression of reverse transcriptase production. These results suggest that a peptide or peptide mimetic capable of competing with the TAR RNA-binding domain of Tat protein might be useful as a therapeutic agent for AIDS.
Severe Defect in Proglucagon Processing in Islet A-cells of Prohormone Convertase 2 Null Mice (2001)

Mice homozygous for a deletion in the gene encoding prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) are generally healthy but have mild hypoglycemia and flat glucose-tolerance curves. Their islets show marked alpha (A)-cell hyperplasia, suggesting a possible defect in glucagon processing (Furuta, M., Yano, H., Zhou, A., Rouille, Y., Holst, J., Carroll, R., Ravazzola, M., Orci, L., Furuta, H., and Steiner, D. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94, 6646-6651). In this report we have examined the biosynthesis and processing of proglucagon in isolated islets from these mice via pulse-chase labeling and find that proglucagon undergoes essentially no processing in chase periods up to 8 h in duration. Only a small percent of cleavage at the sensitive interdomain site (residues 71 and 72) appears to occur. These observations thus conclusively demonstrate the essentiality of PC2 for the production of glucagon in the islet A-cells. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies indicate the presence of large amounts of proglucagon in atypical appearing secretory granules in the hyperplastic and hypertrophic A-cells, along with morphological evidence of high rates of proglucagon secretion in PC2 null islets. These findings provide strong evidence that active glucagon is required to maintain normal blood glucose levels, counterbalancing the action of insulin at all times.
Clinical observation of IF regimen in advanced gastric cancer (2009)

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of IF regimen (irinotecan combined with 5-fluorourcil) in the treatmeant of advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Twenty-one patients with advanced gastric cancer,were treated with IF regimen ( CPT-11 80 mg/m2 iv as 30-min infusion,followed by CF 500 mg/m2 iv over 2h,followed by 5-FU 2000 mg/m2 iv over 22h,weekly for 6 weeks).Results:Twenty-one patients were treated with IF regimen,nineteen of them was evaluated.The overall response rate was 78.9%,no complete response was observed,and seven cases partical response(63.8%).Median survival was 10 months.Most of toxicities was grade I-II(87.0%).Conclusion:IF regimen is effective and well tolerable chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer.
Proinflammatory gene polymorphisms are potentially associated with Korean non-Sjogren dry eye patients. (2011)

This is the first report of genetic variation screening of proinflammatory cytokine genes in Korean non-Sjogren dry eye patients. It is suggested that rs1143634 of IL1B and rs8192284 of IL6R act as susceptibility variations in Korean non-Sjogren dry eye patients.
The Rho kinases I and II regulate different aspects of myosin II activity (2005)

The homologous mammalian rho kinases (ROCK I and II) are assumed to be functionally redundant, based largely on kinase construct overexpression. As downstream effectors of Rho GTPases, their major substrates are myosin light chain and myosin phosphatase. Both kinases are implicated in microfilament bundle assembly and smooth muscle contractility. Here, analysis of fibroblast adhesion to fibronectin revealed that although ROCK II was more abundant, its activity was always lower than ROCK I. Specific reduction of ROCK I by siRNA resulted in loss of stress fibers and focal adhesions, despite persistent ROCK II and guanine triphosphate-bound RhoA. In contrast, the microfilament cytoskeleton was enhanced by ROCK II down-regulation. Phagocytic uptake of fibronectin-coated beads was strongly down-regulated in ROCK II-depleted cells but not those lacking ROCK I. These effects originated in part from distinct lipid-binding preferences of ROCK pleckstrin homology domains. ROCK II bound phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5P(3) and was sensitive to its levels, properties not shared by ROCK I. Therefore, endogenous ROCKs are distinctly regulated and in turn are involved with different myosin compartments.
Role of Bcl‐2 family proteins in apoptosis: apoptosomes or mitochondria? (1998)

Apoptosis is an essential physiological process for the selective elimination of cells, which is involved in a variety of biological events. The Bcl-2 family is the best characterized protein family involved in the regulation of apoptotic cell death, consisting of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members. The anti-apoptotic members of this family, such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, prevent apoptosis either by sequestering proforms of death-driving cysteine proteases called caspases (a complex called the apoptosome) or by preventing the release of mitochondrial apoptogenic factors such as cytochrome c and AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor) into the cytoplasm. After entering the cytoplasm, cytochrome c and AIF directly activate caspases that cleave a set of cellular proteins to cause apoptotic changes. In contrast, pro-apoptotic members of this family, such as Bax and Bak, trigger the release of caspases from death antagonists via heterodimerization and also by inducing the release of mitochondrial apoptogenic factors into the cytoplasm via acting on mitochondrial permeability transition pore, thereby leading to caspase activation. Thus, the Bcl-2 family of proteins acts as a critical life-death decision point within the common pathway of apoptosis.
Measuring symptom relief in studies of vaginal and vulvar atrophy (2008)

: The most bothersome symptom approach represents a meaningful new standard for measurement of self-assessed vulvovaginal atrophy symptom change, but evaluation of change in individual symptoms remains an important, unbiased primary analysis of efficacy in vulvovaginal atrophy studies.
The perils of surrogate endpoints (2015)

Our goals in medicine are (i) to improve the quality of patients' lives, (ii) help them to live longer, and (iii) to do so at a reasonable cost. These are our true endpoints: health status, survival, and cost. It is thus entirely consistent with this point of view that these are the fundamental concepts that can be united in a formal cost–utility analysis.1 These endpoints remain the best measures of efficacy in clinical trials comparing a new therapy to placebo or to an active control. All other measures may then be seen as surrogate endpoints or surrogates. Thus, even serious events such as myocardial infarction and stroke may be considered surrogates, as their effect is to adversely affect the critical endpoints of health status, survival, and cost. However, in common usage a surrogate is a relatively easy to measure endpoint, available over a relatively short timeframe that is used in place of the true endpoints.

Generally, surrogates are not events, but rather measurements (physiological, laboratory, or test results, e.g. biomarkers) that predict events. Thus, surrogates are most commonly measures that we can record, often with much shorter timescales than is necessary for events.2 Surrogates are usually continuous variables, often but not necessarily with reasonable approximations of a normal distribution. Continuous variables, especially if approximating a normal distribution, will allow for much smaller sample sizes than dichotomous variables as well as shorter periods of follow-up and lower costs. Thus, compared with clinical outcome trials, studies with surrogate endpoints can be conducted rapidly and with much less resource use and expense …
Comparison of Eleven Soil Termiticides Against the Formosan Subterranean Termite and Eastern Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (1990)

Journal Article Comparison of Eleven Soil Termiticides Against the Formosan Subterranean Termite and Eastern Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Get access Nan-Yao Su, Nan-Yao Su Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33314 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rudolf H. Scheffrahn Rudolf H. Scheffrahn Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33314 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 83, Issue 5, 1 October 1990, Pages 1918–1924, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/83.5.1918 Published: 01 October 1990 Article history Received: 27 November 1989 Accepted: 27 March 1990 Published: 01 October 1990
Electric Field-Assisted Processing of Anisotropic Polymer Nanocomposites (2007)

The performance of nanocomposites is affected by dispersion and patterning of the nanoinclusions in the polymer matrix. In this work, electrical and mechanical properties of single wall carbon nanotube polymer composites are tailored using AC electric fields. While the electric field is applied, the polymer is cured to freeze-in the alignment. The specific objectives are: to achieve efficient dispersion of the nanoinclusions in the polymer solutions; to investigate the alignment in liquid polymers in terms of electric field magnitude and frequency; and to quantify the alignment using electrical characterization in the liquid state and mechanical characterization in the solid state.
Prevention of Left Ventricular Remodeling With Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor After Acute Myocardial Infarction (2005)

Background— Experimental and clinical evidence has recently shown that pluripotent stem cells can be mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and may enhance myocardial regeneration early after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) management of acute myocardial infarction. Sustained or long-term effects of mobilized CD34-positive mononuclear stem cells, however, are unknown. Methods and Results— Thirty consecutive patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI with stenting and abciximab were selected for the study 85±30 minutes after PCI; 15 patients were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous G-CSF at 10 μg/kg body weight for 6 days in addition to standard care including aspirin, clopidogrel, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, β-blocking agents, and statins. In patients with comparable demographics and clinical and infarct-related characteristics, G-CSF stimulation led to sustained mobilization of CD34 positive mononuclear cells (MNC CD34+ ), with a 20-fold increase (from 3±2 at baseline to 66±54 MNC CD34+ /μL on day 6; P &lt;0.001); there was no evidence of leukocytoclastic effects, accelerated restenosis rate, or any late adverse events. Within 4 months, G-CSF–induced MNC CD34+ mobilization led to enhanced resting wall thickening in the infarct zone of 1.16±0.29 mm ( P &lt;0.05 versus control), which was sustained at 1.20±0.28 after 12 months ( P &lt;0.001 versus control). Similarly, left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 48±4% at baseline to 54±8% at 4 months ( P &lt;0.005 versus control) and 56±9% at 12 months ( P &lt;0.003 versus control and paralleled by sustained improvement of wall-motion score index from 1.70±0.22 to 1.42±0.26 and 1.33±0.21 at 4 and 12 months, respectively), after G-CSF ( P &lt;0.05 versus baseline and P &lt;0.03 versus controls). Accordingly, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter showed no remodeling and stable left ventricular dimensions after G-CSF stimulation, whereas left ventricular end-diastolic diameter in controls revealed enlargement from 55±4 mm at baseline to 58±4 mm ( P &lt;0.05 versus baseline) at 12 months after infarction and no improvement in diastolic function. Conclusion— Mobilization of MNC CD34+ by G-CSF after primary PCI may offer a pragmatic strategy for improvement in ventricular function and prevention of left ventricular remodeling 1 year after acute myocardial infarction.
Leptin opposes insulin’s effects on fatty acid partitioning in muscles isolated from obese ob/obmice (1999)

Because muscle triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation might contribute to insulin resistance in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, we studied the acute (60- to 90-min) effects of leptin and insulin on [14C]glucose and [14C]oleate metabolism in muscles isolated from lean and obese ob/ob mice. In ob/ob soleus, leptin decreased glycogen synthesis 36-46% (P < 0.05), increased oleate oxidation 26% (P < 0.05), decreased oleate incorporation into TAG 32% (P < 0.05), and decreased the oleate partitioning ratio (oleate partitioned into TAG/CO2) 44% (P < 0.05). Insulin decreased oleate oxidation 31% (P < 0.05), increased oleate incorporation into TAG 46% (P < 0.05), and increased the partitioning ratio 125% (P < 0.01). Adding leptin diminished insulin's antioxidative, lipogenic effects. In soleus from lean mice, insulin increased the partitioning ratio 142%, whereas leptin decreased it 51%, as previously reported (Muoio, D. M. , G. L. Dohm, F. T. Fiedorek, E. B. Tapscott, and R. A. Coleman. Diabetes 46: 1360-1363, 1997). The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin blocked insulin's effects on lipid metabolism but only attenuated leptin's effects. Increasing glucose concentration from 5 to 10 mM did not affect TAG synthesis, suggesting that insulin-induced lipogenesis is independent of increased glucose uptake. These data indicate that leptin opposes insulin's promotion of TAG accumulation in lean and ob/ob muscles. Because acute leptin exposure does not correct insulin resistance in ob/ob muscles, in vivo improvements in glucose homeostasis appear to require other long-term factors, possibly TAG depletion.
Fabrication of Conducting Si Nanowire Arrays (2004)

The recent development of the superlattice nanowire pattern transfer (SNAP) technique allows for the fabrication of arrays of nanowires at a diameter, pitch, aspect ratio, and regularity beyond competing approaches. Here, we report the fabrication of conducting Si nanowire arrays with wire widths and pitches of 10-20 nm and 40-50 nm, respectively, and resistivity values comparable to the bulk through the selection of appropriate silicon-on-insulator substrates, careful reactive-ion etching, and spin-on glass doping. These results promise the realization of interesting nano-electronic circuits and devices, including chemical and biological sensors, nano-scale mosaics for molecular electronics, and ultra-dense field-effect transistor (FET) arrays.
2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: Systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia (2012)

Peer Reviewed
CpeR is an activator required for expression of the phycoerythrin operon (cpeBA) in the cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon and is encoded in the phycoerythrin linker‐polypeptide operon (cpeCDESTR) (2002)

In the cyanobacteria, phycobilisomes are assembled from (alphabeta)(6) hexamers of the coloured phycobiliproteins, allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin (PE). The precise architecture of the phycobilisome is determined by the various colourless linker proteins that bind to the biliprotein hexamers. Genes for beta and alpha subunits of PE make up one operon (cpeBA), whereas genes for PE-associated linker polypeptides are in a second operon. In the chromatically adapting cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon green light is required for the transcription of both cpeBA and the operon encoding the PE-associated linkers (cpeCDE). From the genome of F. diplosiphon we have identified an open reading frame, cpeR, which, when expressed from a shuttle plasmid, is capable of suppressing various mutations that cause a decrease in PE synthesis. The introduction of a shuttle plasmid bearing cpeR+ into wild-type F. diplosiphon caused PE expression in red light. Fremyella diplosiphon cpeR-, created by in vitro mutagenesis and in vivo homologous recombination, is fully PE and, in this strain, cpeCDE is transcribed normally whereas the transcript from cpeBA is undetectable. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of cDNA showed that cpeR is transcribed as part of the cpeCDE operon on an extended transcript. As CpeR is an activator required for expression of the cpeBA operon, we propose that at the onset of green light the operons cpeCDESTR and cpeBA are expressed in series as a genetic cascade.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists induce proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin D1 and estrogen receptor alpha in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. (2003)

Treatment of MCF-7 cells with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists ciglitazone or 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent decrease of cyclin D1 and estrogen receptor (ER) alpha proteins, and this was accompanied by decreased cell proliferation and G(1)-G(0)-->S-phase progression. Down-regulation of cyclin D1 and ER alpha by PPARgamma agonists was inhibited in cells cotreated with the proteasome inhibitors MG132 and PSII, but not in cells cotreated with the protease inhibitors calpain II and calpeptin. Moreover, after treatment of MCF-7 cells with 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 and immunoprecipitation with cyclin D1 or ER alpha antibodies, there was enhanced formation of ubiquitinated cyclin D1 and ER alpha bands. Thus, PPARgamma-induced inhibition of breast cancer cell growth is due, in part, to proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin D1 (and ER alpha), and this pathway may be important for other cancer cell lines.
A SINGLE DOSE PLACEBO CONTROLLED PHASE I STUDY OF THE FULLY HUMAN ANTI-TNF ANTIBODY D2E7 IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (1998)

Abstract 148Objective:The study was performed to determine the safety profile as well as the pharmacokinetics of D2E7, a new fully human anti-TNF antibody. In addition the clinical efficacy in terms of onset, duration and magnitude of response was scored by the DAS.Methods:120 patients with a mean d
Reduction of fluoroscopy exposure and procedure duration during ablation of atrial fibrillation using a novel anatomical navigation system† (2005)

This prospectively randomized study demonstrates significant reduction of fluoroscopy exposure and procedural duration using supplementary non-fluoroscopic imaging system for AF ablation.
Integrating words, images, and text in BMGIM: Finding connections through semiotic intertextuality (2010)

An innovative application of the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (BMGIM) was researched involving six clients who had undergone complex cardiac surgery. This psychodynamic method led patients through a reflective and exploratory experience combining imagery, selected classical music, and sensitive verbal interventions into an experience rather like an unfolding waking dream with a musical soundtrack. Text produced during these audiotaped sessions was analyzed for semiotic meanings. The analytical framework drew upon a Jungian interpretive system working intertextually across several different kinds of narrative, identified within each patient's story. Text from 31 BMGIM sessions was used in the analysis. Findings indicate that this approach has the capacity to integrate all aspects of the BMGIM therapeutic session and deliver a depth of experiential meaning relevant to the therapeutic management of clients' post-surgical recovery. In doing so, it expanded our knowledge of BMGIM practice in the healthcare setting, and contributed further research capacity to this complex treatment modality.
Thermally Responsive Biomineralization on Biodegradable Substrates (2007)

Abstract Biomineralization offers an elegant example of how nature can design complex, hierarchical, and structurally/morphologically controllable materials. In this work, the surface of bioactive substrates prepared from poly( L ‐lactic acid) and reinforced with Bioglass are modified by the graft polymerization of poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide), (PNIPAAm) after plasma activation. It is found that such treatment, together with temperature, could trigger the formation of apatite on the biodegradable substrate upon immersion in simulated body fluid above the PNIPAAm lower critical solution temperature (LCST); in contrast, no apatite is formed at room temperature. A control experiment on a material that is not subjected to surface treatment does not show any evidence of mineral deposition at the two analyzed temperatures. This “smart” biomineralization concept is combined with patterning methodologies to control the microstructure of the surface onto which PNIPAAm is grafted. In this case, the apatite is formed at 37 °C in the modified regions. We suggest that this concept could be extended in the biomimetic production of other minerals, where it would be triggered by another kind of stimulus (e.g., pH or ionic strength) in substrates with more complex geometries.
Modulation of microglial/macrophage activation by macrophage inhibitory factor (TKP) or tuftsin (TKPR) attenuates the disease course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2007)

Preventative and therapeutic modulation of macrophage/microglial activity significantly alters the outcome of EAE at symptomatic stages. Specific molecular targets have been identified that represent potential avenues of exploration for the treatment and prevention of MS.