gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunolocalization of the Nuk receptor tyrosine kinase suggests roles in segmental patterning of the brain and axonogenesis. (1994)

Neural kinase (Nuk) encodes a murine receptor-like tyrosine kinase belonging to the Eph/Elk/Eck family. Protein localization studies indicate that during early embryogenesis Nuk is confined to the developing nervous system, where it marks segments along the axis of the neural tube in the hindbrain (rhombomeres r2, r3 and r5) and specific morphological bulges of the midbrain and forebrain. Subcellular localization of Nuk indicates that this receptor is concentrated at sites of cell-cell contact, often involving migrating neuronal cells or their extensions. Most notably, high levels of Nuk protein are found within initial axon outgrowths and associated nerve fibers. The axonal localization of Nuk is transient and is not detected after migrations have ceased, suggesting a role for this tyrosine kinase during the early pathfinding and/or fasciculation stages of axonogenesis. The subcellular localization of Nuk, as well as the presence of fibronectin type III and immunoglobulin-like adhesive domains on the extracellular region, suggest this receptor tyrosine kinase may function to regulate specific cell-cell interactions during early development of the murine nervous system.
Evaluation of signature files as set access facilities in OODBs (1993)

Object-oriented database systems (OODBs) need efficient support for manipulation of complex objects. In particular, support of queries involving evaluations of set predicates is often required in handling complex objects. In this paper, we propose a scheme to apply signature file techniques, which were originally invented for text retrieval, to the support of set value accesses, and quantitatively evaluate their potential capabilities. Two signature file organizations, the sequential signature file and the bit-sliced signature file, are considered and their performance is compared with that of the nested index for queries involving the set inclusion operator (⊆). We develop a detailed cost model and present analytical results clarifying their retrieval, storage, and update costs. Our analysis shows that the bit-sliced signature file is a very promising set access facility in OODBs.
Cajal body proteins SMN and Coilin show differential dynamic behaviour in vivo (2003)

Analysis of stable cell lines expressing fluorescently tagged survival of motor neurons protein (SMN) and coilin shows striking differences in their dynamic behaviour, both in the nucleus and during mitosis. Cajal bodies labelled with either FP-SMN or FP-coilin show similar behaviour and frequency of movements. However, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) studies show that SMN returns approximately 50-fold more slowly to Cajal bodies than does coilin. Time-lapse studies on cells progressing from prophase through to G1 show further differences between SMN and coilin, both in their localisation in telophase and in the timing of their re-entry into daughter nuclei. The data reveal similarities between Cajal bodies and nucleoli in their behaviour during mitosis. This in vivo study indicates that SMN and coilin interact differentially with Cajal bodies and reveals parallels in the pathway for reassembly of nucleoli and Cajal bodies following mitosis.
Single-molecule analysis of genome rearrangements in cancer (2011)

Rearrangements of the genome can be detected by microarray methods and massively parallel sequencing, which identify copy-number alterations and breakpoint junctions, but these techniques are poorly suited to reconstructing the long-range organization of rearranged chromosomes, for example, to distinguish between translocations and insertions. The single-DNA-molecule technique HAPPY mapping is a method for mapping normal genomes that should be able to analyse genome rearrangements, i.e. deviations from a known genome map, to assemble rearrangements into a long-range map. We applied HAPPY mapping to cancer cell lines to show that it could identify rearrangement of genomic segments, even in the presence of normal copies of the genome. We could distinguish a simple interstitial deletion from a copy-number loss at an inversion junction, and detect a known translocation. We could determine whether junctions detected by sequencing were on the same chromosome, by measuring their linkage to each other, and hence map the rearrangement. Finally, we mapped an uncharacterized reciprocal translocation in the T-47D breast cancer cell line to about 2 kb and hence cloned the translocation junctions. We conclude that HAPPY mapping is a versatile tool for determining the structure of rearrangements in the human genome.
RFID and NFC in healthcare: Safety of hospitals medication care (2008)

Use of information technology has become commonplace in healthcare. In an ideal world a patient always gets first class treatment and everything goes smoothly and as planned. Applications of information technology are created to help the hospital staff achieve this. However, hospital staff is often working under a heavy workload and minimal workforce. This may contribute to human error, for example, in medication that may have adverse effects on patientpsilas treatment.In this paper we will demonstrate how to improve patientpsilas safety in healthcare and especially in medication care by using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and NFC (Near Field Communication) technologies. We will concentrate on the technologies itself and how they could be used in different parts of healthcare. Earlier research results concerning this area are also evaluated.
Focus of attention for face and hand gesture recognition using multiple cameras (2002)

We propose a multi-camera system that can track multiple human faces and hands as well as focus on face and hand gestures for recognition. Our current system consists of four cameras. Two fixed cameras are used as a stereo system to estimate face and hand positions. The stereo camera detects faces and hands by a standard skin color method we propose. The distances of the targets are then estimated. Next to track multiple targets, we estimate the positions and sizes of targets between consecutive frames. The other two cameras perform tracking of such targets as faces and hands. If a target is not the appropriate size for recognition, the tracking cameras acquire its zoomed image. Since our system has two tracking cameras, it can track two targets at the same time. To recognize faces and hand gestures, we propose four directional features by using linear discriminant analysis. Using our system, we experimented on human position estimation, multiple face tracking, and face and hand gesture recognition. These experiments showed that our system could estimate human position with the stereo camera and track multiple targets by using target positions and sizes even if the persons overlapped with each other. In addition, our system could recognize faces and hand gestures by using the four directional features.
Characteristics, clinical outcome, and prognostic significance of IDH mutations in AML (2015)

The pathophysiology of IDH mutations in tumorigenesis is increasingly described, yet the prognostic significance of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in AML remains controversial. The primary objective of this study was to define the natural history and prognosis of patients with AML and IDH1 or IDH2 mutations and provide historical survival expectations. A total of 826 patients treated from 2010 to 2014 at a single institution were evaluated, including 167 patients (20%) with AML and IDH1 or IDH2 mutations. Median age was 62 years (range 18-92). There were 59 IDH1-R132, 83 IDH2-R140, and 23 IDH2-R172 mutations. Clinicopathologic characteristics associated with IDH-mutations included older age, less frequent therapy-related status, and increased incidence of intermediate-risk cytogenetics, FLT3-ITD mutations, and NPM1 mutations. Remission rates (CR/CRi) by AML treatment status were: induction, 68%; Salvage-1 (S1), 42%; and Salvage-2 and beyond (S2+), 27%. No difference in response was identified by IDH mutation status. Similarly, overall survival (OS) was not dependent on IDH status within any cohort. The median OS was 15.4 months in induction, 8.7 months in S1, and 4.8 months in S2+. This analysis defines the clinical outcome associated with IDH-mutations in both the front-line and salvage AML treatment settings, and confirms that response rate and OS for both IDH-mutated and IDH wild-type AML patients is comparable. This provides contemporary data to be used for comparison with results of novel investigational (e.g., selective IDH inhibitor) strategies.
Concentration of Total and Free Choline and Betaine of Breast Milk during 5 Months of Lactation of Some Korean Lactating Women (2007)

This study was performed to investigate breast milk concentration of total and free choline and betaine during 5 months after delivery of Korean lactating women. Breast milks of 7 lactating women in Daejeon metropolitan city were longitudinally collected once a month and analyzed by enzymatic method for total choline concentration and HPLC‐MS for free choline and betaine concentration. Total choline concentration of breast milk were not significantly different during 5 months of lactation although being tended to show higher level in 3rd month and lower level in 5th month: 157.6±86.0 mg/L in the 1st month, 157.8±146.1 mg/L in the 2nd month, 166.0±87.1 mg/L in the 3rd month, 153.7±76.0 mg/L in the 4th month, 145.1±75.2 mg/L in the 5th month. Free choline concentration of breast milk also showed similar trend of decreasing at 4th month as in the case of total choline. However, betaine concentration was progressively decreased from 0.44±0.22 mg/L(4.3±2.1 μmol/L) of 1st month's to 0.21±0.11 mg/L(2.3±0.7 μmol/L) of 5th month's. When the data pooled, total choline concentration of milk are significantly correlated with free choline ( r=0.953, p=0.000) and betaine concentration (r=0.645, p=0.000). These results suggest that total choline and free choline could be interchangeably used when comparing choline state of breast milk.
Machine learning spatial geometry from entanglement features (2018)

Machine learning is a fast developing area that finds applications in all disciplines of science. Here, the authors demonstrate that the machine learning (in particular deep learning) technique can be applied to understand the emergence of spatial geometry from learning the features of quantum many-body entanglement, an idea that was proposed in a recent study of the holography duality in quantum gravity. This work is the first to successfully demonstrate the idea of ``geometry emerging from learning''.
Inversion of the current-distance relationship by transient depolarization (1997)

The objective of this research was to develop a technique to excite selectively nerve fibers distant from an electrode without exciting nerve fibers close to the electrode. The shape of the stimulus current waveform was designed based on the nonlinear conductance properties of neuronal sodium channel. Models of mammalian peripheral myelinated axons and experimental measurements on cat sciatic nerve were used to determine the effects of subthreshold polarization on neural excitability and recruitment. Subthreshold membrane depolarization generated a transient decrease in neural excitability and thus an increase in the threshold for stimulation by a subsequent stimulus pulse. The decrease in excitability increased as the duration and amplitude of the subthreshold depolarization were increased, and the increase in threshold was greater for fibers close to the electrode. When a depolarizing stimulus pulse was applied immediately after the subthreshold depolarization, nerve fibers far from the electrode could be stimulated without stimulating fibers close to the electrode. Subthreshold depolarizing prepulses inverted the current-distance relationship and allowed selective stimulation of nerve fibers far from the electrode.
Database Architecture Optimized for the New Bottleneck: Memory Access (1999)

In the past decade, advances in speed of commodity CPUs have far out-paced advances in memory latency. Main-memory access is therefore increasingly a performance bottleneck for many computer applications, including database systems. In this article, we use a simple scan test to show the severe impact of this bottleneck. The insights gained are translated into guidelines for database architecture; in terms of both data structures and algorithms. We discuss how vertically fragmented data structures optimize cache performance on sequential data access. We then focus on equi-join, typically a random-access operation, and introduce radix algorithms for partitioned hash-join. The performance of these algorithms is quantified using a detailed analytical model that incorporates memory access cost. Experiments that validate this model were performed on the Monet database system. We obtained exact statistics on events like TLB misses, L1 and L2 cache misses, by using hardware performance counters found in modern CPUs. Using our cost model, we show how the carefully tuned memory access pattern of our radix algorithms make them perform well, which is confirmed by experimental results. ∗*This work was carried out when the author was at the
Long-term Incidence of Dry Eye in an Older Population (2008)

Dry eye incidence is substantial. However, there are few associated risk factors. Some drugs (antihistamines, antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, oral steroids) are associated with greater risk, while angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may be associated with lower risk.
Bacteriostatic effect of orally administered bovine lactoferrin on proliferation of Clostridium species in the gut of mice fed bovine milk (1995)

When milk-fed mice were orally inoculated with Clostridium ramosum C1, this strain proliferated in the gut and became the dominant component of the fecal microflora. In this experimental model, bovine lactoferrin (bLF) administered with milk suppressed the proliferation of this strain in vivo and decreased the numbers of C. ramosum and other bacteria in the feces. This bacteriostatic effect of bLF was dependent on the concentration of bLF, the duration of feeding, and the administered dose of C. ramosum C1. Compared with bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, bovine whey protein isolate, or bovine casein, only bLF showed this specific activity. A similar effect of bLF was observed after oral inoculation with C. ramosum JCM 1298, C. paraputrificum VPI 6372, or C. perfringens ATCC 13124. A hydrolysate prepared by digestion of bLF with porcine pepsin showed the same inhibitory effect on proliferation of C. ramosum in vivo as occurred with undigested bLF. These results indicate that ingested bLF can exert a bacteriostatic effect against clostridia in the gut even after it has been digested to some extent.
Image-Guided Surgery (1999)

Interactive image-guided surgery appears to be feasible for open and laparoscopic hepatic procedures and may enhance future operative localization.
Local, Three-Dimensional Strain Measurements Within Largely Deformed Extracellular Matrix Constructs (2004)

The ability to create extracellular matrix (ECM) constructs that are mechanically and biochemically similar to those found in vivo and to understand how their properties affect cellular responses will drive the next generation of tissue engineering strategies. To date, many mechanisms by which cells biochemically communicate with the ECM are known. However the mechanisms by which mechanical information is transmitted between cells and their ECM remain to be elucidated. "Self-assembled" collagen matrices provide an in vitro-model system to study the mechanical behavior of ECM. To begin to understand how the ECM and the cells interact mechanically, the three-dimensional (3D) mechanical properties of the ECM must be quantified at the micro-(local) level in addition to information measured at the macro-(global) level. Here we describe an incremental digital volume correlation (IDVC) algorithm to quantify large (>0.05) 3D mechanical strains in the microstructure of 3D collagen matrices in response to applied mechanical loads. Strain measurements from the IDVC algorithm rely on 3D confocal images acquired from collagen matrices under applied mechanical loads. The accuracy and the precision of the IDVC algorithm was verified by comparing both image volumes collected in succession when no deformation was applied to the ECM (zero strain) and image volumes to which simulated deformations were applied in both ID and 3D (simulated strains). Results indicate that the IDVC algorithm can accurately and precisely determine the 3D strain state inside largely deformed collagen ECMs. Finally, the usefulness of the algorithm was demonstrated by measuring the microlevel 3D strain response of a collagen ECM loaded in tension.
The History of Valproate in Clinical Neuroscience (2015)

The scientific and medical history of valproic acid is relatively long, compared with other frequently used psychopharmacologic agents. Valproic acid was used as an organic solvent in research laboratories for eight decades, until the fortuitous observation of action against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in rodents. Early clinical experience emphasized therapy of absence seizures in primary generalized epilepsies. During two decades of controlled trials in partial-onset and generalized-onset seizures and myoclonus, valproate was established as the prototypical broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug. Anecdotal observations in patients with both epilepsy and migraine headaches who were started on valproate led to prospective, randomized trials that established antimigraine efficacy. Early observations suggested antimanic actions; more than a decade later, controlled clinical trials established significant efficacy of valproate in mania. Antiproliferative effects of valproate were unexpectedly noted during mechanistic studies; two decades later a maintenance adjunctive or chemopreventive role in oncology is being defined. While pharmacokinetic studies appear definitive, completion of comprehensive pharmacodynamic investigations of valproate's biochemical actions and clinical utility is yet to be achieved.
Fabrication of modified and functionalized polycaprolactone nanofibre scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering (2005)

Electrospun polymer nanofibres were originally developed for their durability and resistance to all forms of degradation and biodegradation. Some polymer nanofibres are biocompatible and biodegradable and therefore suitable for replacement of structurally or physiologically deficient tissues and organs in humans. Here, biocompatible polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibre scaffolds modified with collagen types I and III were used for vascular tissue engineering. Coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were grown on PCL nanofibres, modified PCL/collagen biocomposite nanofibres and collagen nanofibres. The results show that the modified PCL/collagen biocomposite nanofibre scaffolds provide required mechanical properties for regulation of normal cell function in vascular tissue engineering.
A new MOS imager using photodiode as current source (1991)

The author presents a MOS linear image sensor having a high-voltage gain amplifier in photodiode pixels. The only difference between the amplified MOS image (AMI) and this new device is the transfer gate added between the photodiode pixel and the source follower. In this structure, the photoinduced charge loss in video-line parasitic capacitance is compensated to improve the sensitivity. A high-voltage-gain amplifier is used to control the input voltage of the transfer gate so as to maintain an unchanged bias voltage of the photodiode and by operating the photodiode cell as a current source. In this device, the photoinduced charge is not divided by the photodiode capacitance C/sub d/ or the capacitive load C/sub t/. Therefore, it is possible to enlarge the photodiode size, and the sensor has a large saturation exposure as well as a large photocurrent/dark-current ratio of about 30:1. The device operates on a single 5 V power supply. These features make the device suitable for applications in low light levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular Properties of Bacterial Multidrug Transporters (2000)

One of the mechanisms that bacteria utilize to evade the toxic effects of antibiotics is the active extrusion of structurally unrelated drugs from the cell. Both intrinsic and acquired multidrug transporters play an important role in antibiotic resistance of several pathogens, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio cholerae. Detailed knowledge of the molecular basis of drug recognition and transport by multidrug transport systems is required for the development of new antibiotics that are not extruded or of inhibitors which block the multidrug transporter and allow traditional antibiotics to be effective. This review gives an extensive overview of the currently known multidrug transporters in bacteria. Based on energetics and structural characteristics, the bacterial multidrug transporters can be classified into five distinct families. Functional reconstitution in liposomes of purified multidrug transport proteins from four families revealed that these proteins are capable of mediating the export of structurally unrelated drugs independent of accessory proteins or cytoplasmic components. On the basis of (i) mutations that affect the activity or the substrate specificity of multidrug transporters and (ii) the three-dimensional structure of the drug-binding domain of the regulatory protein BmrR, the substrate-binding site for cationic drugs is predicted to consist of a hydrophobic pocket with a buried negatively charged residue that interacts electrostatically with the positively charged substrate. The aromatic and hydrophobic amino acid residues which form the drug-binding pocket impose restrictions on the shape and size of the substrates. Kinetic analysis of drug transport by multidrug transporters provided evidence that these proteins may contain multiple substrate-binding sites.
Heparin Bioconjugate with a Thermoresponsive Cationic Branched Polymer:  A Novel Aqueous Antithrombogenic Coating Material (2007)

With a view to reducing the thrombogenic potential of artificial blood-contact devices and natural tissues, we developed a novel aqueous antithrombogenic coating material, comprising a heparin bioconjugate that incorporated a thermoresponsive cationic polymer as a surfactant. The polymer was prepared by the sequential steps of initiator-transfer agent-terminator (iniferter)-based living radical photopolymerization of N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]acrylamide, followed by the polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide from tetra(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamylmethyl)benzene as a multifunctional iniferter. The polymer obtained possessed four branched chains, each consisting of a cationic PDMAPAAm block (Mn: ca. 3000 g.mol(-1)) forming an inner domain for heparin binding and a thermoresponsive PNIPAM block (Mn: ca. 6000 g.mol(-1)) forming an outer domain for surface fixation; bioconjugation of the polymer with heparin occurred immediately upon simple mixing in an aqueous medium. Because the lower critical solution temperature of the heparin bioconjugate was approximately 35 degrees C, it could be coated from an aqueous solution at room temperature. The excellent adsorptivity and high durability of the coating below 37 degrees C was demonstrated on several generally used polymers by wettability measurement and surface chemical compositional analysis, and on collagen sheets and rat skin tissue by heparin staining. Blood coagulation was significantly prevented on the heparin bioconjugate-coated surfaces. The thermoresponsive bioconjugate developed therefore appeared to satisfy the initial requirements for a biocompatible aqueous coating material.