gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Acute and Chronic Ethanol Administration on the Gastrointestinal Hormones Gastrin, Enteroglucagon, Pancreatic Glucagon and Peptide YY in the Rat (1989)

The effect of acute and chronic ethanol administration on the gastrointestinal hormones gastrin, enteroglucagon (EG), pancreatic glucagon (PG) and peptide YY (PYY) was studied in the rat alcohol model. Plasma levels of gastrin and PYY were not significantly changed under chronic and/or acute alcohol, while PG was stimulated by acute intraperitoneal ethanol injections in control animals as well as in chronically ethanol-fed rats (8 +/- 1 vs. 28 +/- 6 pmol/l, p less than or equal to 0.05, and 7 +/- 1 vs. 21 +/- 4 pmol/l, p less than or equal to 0.05). EG levels were significantly raised after chronic ethanol feeding (45 +/- 5 vs. 73 +/- 8 pmol/l, p less than or equal to 0.01) and even further elevated if an acute dose of alcohol was given to chronically ethanol-fed rats (73 +/- 8 vs. 168 +/- 29 pmol/l, p less than or equal to 0.05). The immunohistologically evaluated numbers of the respective hormone-producing cells were not significantly changed by alcohol feeding. The ethanol-dependent elevations of EG and PG may contribute, at least in part, to the intestinal hyper-regeneration, motility disturbances and altered glucose metabolism observed after alcohol consumption.
RSF1010 plasmid as a potentially useful vector in Pseudomonas species (1978)

RSF1010 plasmid DNA was introduced into Pseudomonas putida and P. aeruginosa cells and maintained stably, suggesting the potential usefulness of this plasmid as a vector in Pseudomonas species. The number of copies of RSF1010 was 43 per chromosome equivalent in P. putida cells.
Colchicine-Loaded Lipid Bilayer-Coated 50 nm Mesoporous Nanoparticles Efficiently Induce Microtubule Depolymerization upon Cell Uptake (2010)

We report on a one-step assembly route where supported lipid bilayers (SLB) are deposited on functionalized colloidal mesoporous silica (CMS) nanoparticles, resulting in a core-shell hybrid system (SLB@CMS). The supported membrane acts as an intact barrier against the escape of encapsulated dye molecules. These stable SLB@CMS particles loaded with the anticancer drug colchicine are readily taken up by cells and lead to the depolymerization of microtubules with remarkably enhanced efficiency as compared to the same dose of drug in solution.
Nasal Lavage With Mupirocin for the Treatment of Surgically Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2008)

Nasal Lavage with 0.05% Mupirocin may represent an effective and well tolerated alternative treatment for postsurgical recalcitrant CRS.
Unified Huntington's disease rating scale: A follow up (1998)

An objective assessment of the clinical findings in patients with Huntington's disease (HD) is necessary for an evaluation of the longitudinal progression of the disease features. The Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) is a scale to assess clinical performance and functional capacity. The authors examined the 1-year change in UHDRS scores in 78 patients with HD examined either in Leiden, the Netherlands (24 men, 25 women), or in Rochester, New York, United States (12 men, 17 women). A significant decline was seen in motor function, measured with the total motor scale. The total dystonia score increased significantly; the total chorea score did not. The frequency of behavioral disorders tended to increase. The scores on independence scale, functional assessment, total functional capacity, and symbol digit decreased significantly. No relation was observed between the UHDRS items and the age at onset or duration of illness. Thirteen patients with 2-year follow up showed a clear increase in score on the total motor scale and a decline on the independence scale and in total functional capacity. The UHDRS may also be used as a tool for determining therapeutic intervention. Annual evaluation of the total motor scale in every patient gives a clear description of the motor progression of the disease. The authors suggest performing a total UHDRS evaluation every second year for every HD patient as part of the routine longitudinal evaluation.
The behaviour of fast ions in tokamak experiments (1994)

Fast ions with energies significantly larger than the bulk ion temperature are used to heat most tokamak plasmas. Fast ion populations created by fusion reactions, by neutral beam injection and by radiofrequency (RF) heating are usually concentrated in the centre of the plasma. The velocity distribution of these fast ion populations is determined primarily by Coulomb scattering; during wave heating, perpendicular acceleration by the RF waves is also important. Transport of fast ions is typically much slower than thermal transport, except during MHD events. Intense fast ion populations drive collective instabilities. Implications for the behaviour of alpha particles in future devices are discussed
Gene copy number variations in Asian patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (2008)

Our results suggest that 3q26.1 may not be a critical region for CBAVD. Additionally no strong association was found for PANK2 in this reproduction disorder. Other reproduction-related genes, such as PBX1, BRD3, COL18A1 and HMOX1, identified by this initial study may inspire further investigation.
Treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease: Past, present and future (2011)

Chronic GVHD was recognized as a complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation more than 30 years ago, but progress has been slowed by the limited insight into the pathogenesis of the disease and the mechanisms that lead to development of immunological tolerance. Only 6 randomized phase III treatment studies have been reported. Results of retrospective studies and prospective phase II clinical trials suggested overall benefit from treatment with mycophenolate mofetil or thalidomide, but these results were not substantiated by phase III studies of initial systemic treatment for chronic GVHD. A comprehensive review of published reports showed numerous deficiencies in studies of secondary treatment for chronic GVHD. Fewer than 10% of reports documented an effort to minimize patient selection bias, used a consistent treatment regimen, or tested a formal statistical hypothesis that was based on a contemporaneous or historical benchmark. In order to enable valid comparison of the results from different studies, eligibility criteria, definitions of individual organ and overall response, and time of assessment should be standardized. Improved treatments are more likely to emerge if reviewers and journal editors hold authors to higher standards in evaluating manuscripts for publication.
Use of Ozone in the Citrus Industry (2010)

The use of ozone for postharvest sanitation and decay control of fruits, vegetables and their products during handling, processing and storage has been investigated for commercial applications. Due to their significant contribution to world trade and human nutrition, citrus fruits are thought to be important commodities. Decay can be observed in these products because of microbial activity and ethylene accumulation throughout storage. Residues of pesticides and other compounds in citrus fruit and food-borne illness outbreaks caused by consumption of contaminated citrus juice are important health issues. In this study, the possible uses of ozone in citrus industry for all these problems, and efficacy, benefits and/or detrimental effects of these applications are discussed.
Gene characterization and promoter analysis of the human 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) (1991)

The human gene for the recently identified 5-lipoxy-genase-activating protein (FLAP) has been cloned. The gene was isolated from two different genomic libraries and is contained within four overlapping bacteriophage clones. The gene spans greater than 31 kilobases and consists of five small exons and four large introns. Southern blot analysis of human genomic DNA suggests the presence of a single FLAP gene per haploid genome. A restriction site polymorphism was identified in intron II of the gene. This restriction fragment length polymorphism appears to be present in the normal population at a fairly high frequency. The transcription initiation site was located, at an adenine residue, 74 base pairs upstream of the ATG initiation codon. Examination of the sequence of the gene 5' to the mRNA start site revealed the presence of a possible TATA box (TGTAAT) 22 base pairs upstream and potential AP-2 and glucocorticoid receptor binding sites. Functional analysis of the FLAP gene promoter was assayed by transient transfection of mouse P388D1 cells (macrophage) and human HepG2 cells (hepatoma) with 5'-flanking sequences of the FLAP gene fused upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. Expression in the mouse macrophage cell line of the various FLAP gene promoter constructs revealed both tissue specificity and enhancer-like activities whereas in the hepatoma cell line only a minimum level of activity was obtained.
Importance of Extraperiosteal Excision in Surgical Treatment of Osteofibrous Dysplasia (2007)

Purpose: This study reviewed the outcome of the surgical treatment of osteofibrous dysplasia (OFD) involving the long bones in order to demonstrate the necessity of an extraperiosteal excision. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective review of 10 cases of OFD, who underwent surgical treatment from August 1996 to August 2003. All cases were diagnosed by the final histology. There were 5 males and 5 females with a mean age of 12.4 years (range, 4.2-42.6 years). Seven, 1 and 2 involved the tibia, fibular, and femur, respectively. For surgical treatment, an extraperiosteal excision, subperiosteal excision or curettage and bone grafting was selected. Recurrences and bony union were observed using the serial radiographs. The mean follow-up duration was 4.2 years (range, 2.2-6.6 years). Results: Six, 1 and 3 patients underwent an extraperiosteal excision, subperiosteal excision, and curettage and bone grafting, respectively. Two patientswho underwent curettage and one patient who underwent subperiosteal excision suffered recurrences. Ther e were two cases of non-union in the extraperiosteal excision group which required bone grafting. There were no infections or pathological fractures. Conclusion: An extraperiosteal excision for OFD is required in patients with skeletal immaturity, corresponding to the surgical indications.
Hierarchical ZnO Nanostructures (2002)

A variety of novel hierarchical nanostructures with 6-, 4-, and 2-fold symmetries have been successfully grown by a vapor transport and condensation technique. It was found that the major core nanowires are single-crystal In2O3 with 6, 4, and 2 facets, and the secondary nanorods are single-crystal hexagonal ZnO and grow either perpendicular on or slanted to all the facets of the core In2O3 nanowires. The core In2O3 nanowires have diameters of about 50−500 nm, whereas the secondary ZnO nanorods have diameters of about 20−200 nm. Depending on the diameter of the core In2O3 nanowires, the secondary ZnO nanorods grow either as a single row or multiple rows. These hierarchical heteronanostructures may find applications in a variety of fields such as field emission, photovoltaics, transparent EMI shielding, supercapacitors, fuel cells, high strength and multifunctional nanocomposites, etc. that require not only high surface area but also structural integrity.
Capturing the in-between of interactive artifacts and users (2014)

The materiality of interactive artifacts concerns, on one hand, design materials and activities, while on the other hand, it is strongly related to the users experiencing the materiality. However, current approaches to investigate the material and the user perspective face several shortcomings, as they focus on either the human or the artifact. In our paper, we describe a materiality-centered data analysis approach that puts the user and the artifact equally in the center of attention. Based on Actor-Network Theory and Bruno Latour's thoughts on monads, we provide examples stemming from interactions in an industrial fabrication plant in order to illustrate the potentials of such a "monadological" approach for accessing materiality from a user and artifact perspective. We show that this approach allows alternating between a human- and an artifact-oriented perspective that finally leads to the identification of material attributes of actors that are less obvious.
Factors influencing the regioselectivity of reactions involving organocuprate reagents and allyl acylates: synthesis of some phenylthioprostanoids (1981)

The lactone (4) reacted with the cuprate reagents (5) and (6) under standard conditions to give mainly the products (8) and (12) respectively derived from an SN′anti-process Under the same conditions the lactone (15) reacted with the cuprate reagents (5) and (6) through the SN2 mode primarily to give as the major products the acids (23) and (19) respectively. The compounds (15), (19), and (23) were converted into the corresponding prostaglandin A2 analogues (18), (22), and (26).
Regulated expression of endonuclease EcoRI in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: nuclear entry and biological consequences. (1985)

In an investigation to determine how proteins are localized within the nucleus of a cell, we demonstrate that the restriction endonuclease EcoRI is able to enter and function within the nucleus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae when this prokaryotic protein is synthesized in vivo. The EcoRI endonuclease was produced in yeast under the transcriptional control of a regulated yeast promoter by ligating a DNA fragment containing only coding sequences for the endonuclease to the promoter element of the yeast GAL1 gene (the structural gene for galactokinase, EC 2.7.1.6). Yeast cells harboring a plasmid containing this promoter-gene fusion are able to grow under conditions that repress transcription from the GAL1 promoter. However, under inducing conditions, these yeast cells are unable to grow. Moreover, rad52 mutants, which are deficient in the repair of double-strand breaks, are more sensitive to the presence of the promoter-gene fusion plasmid than are wild-type cells. We demonstrate that the EcoRI endonuclease activity is present in lysates prepared from yeast transformants grown under conditions that induce transcription of GAL1, but this activity is not detectable in cells grown under conditions that repress transcription from the promoter. Furthermore, analysis of yeast chromosomal DNA shows that the endonuclease enters the yeast nucleus and cleaves DNA specifically at EcoRI recognition sites.
Detergent-soluble HLA antigens contain a hydrophilic region at the COOH-terminus and a penultimate hydrophobic region. (1976)

Purified, detergent-soluble HLA antigens (p44,12) are composed of a glycoprotein of molecular weight 44,000 (p44) and a peptide of molecular weight 12,000 (p12), beta2-microglobulin. Upon digestion with papain, p44,12 is converted to p39,12, then to p34,12, which retains antigenic activity. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of p34 and p44 are identical. p44, p39, and p34 were purified, and comparison of their amino acid compositions showed that the COOH-terminal peptide removed by the first papain cleavage is hydrophilic and contains cysteine that can be alkylated after mild reduction. The penultimate COOH-terminal peptide removed by the second papain cleavage is hydrophobic, and presumably anchors HLA antigens to the membrane. This correlates with the observation that p44,12 and p39,12 bind detergent, while p34,12 does not. The orientation and integration of HLA antigens in the lymphocyte membrane were thus defined, and the structure suggests that HLA antigens span the plasma membrane.
Strain‐specific red blood cell storage, metabolism, and eicosanoid generation in a mouse model (2013)

These findings provide the first evidence of strain-specific metabolomic differences after refrigerated storage of murine RBCs. They also provide the first definitive biochemical evidence for strain-specific variation of eicosanoid generation during RBC storage. The molecules described that correlate with RBC storage quality, and their associated biochemical pathways, suggest multiple causal hypotheses that can be tested regarding predicting the quality of RBC units before transfusion and developing methods of improved RBC storage.
Metabolism of 4-Ethoxy-2-methyl-5-morpholino-3 (2H)-pyridazinone (M73101), a New Antiinflammatory Agent. III. Absorption, Distribution, Excretion and Metabolism of <SUP>3</SUP>H-M73101 in Rats and Excretion of M73101 from Dog Kidney (1979)

The fate of 3H-labeled 4-ethoxy-2-methyl-5-morpholino-3 (2H)-pyridazinone (3H-M73101) in rats and the excretion of M73101 from dog kidney were studied. When 3H-M73101 was given orally to rats, it was rapidly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and widely distributed throughout the tissues. Particularly, higher radioactivity was detected in the stomach, kidney and liver. Plasma concentration reached maximum at 1 hr after administration and maintained that level for 3 hr ; thereafter, radioactivity rapidly decreased. The time courses of radioactivity in many tissues were similar to those in plasma. Autoradiographic results were in good accord with those described above. Radioactivity was found also in the inflammed site and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) pouch of rats at 1 hr after administration. At 6 hr, radioactivity in the skin and muscle in contact with the CMC pouch was higher than that at normal sites. Excretions into the urine and feces within 24 hr were 68.6% and 18.9% of the dose, respectively. About 10% of the dose was excreted into the bile within 24 hr, in which parent compound and 6 metabolites were detected. When the excreted bile was administered into the duodenum, 23% of the dose was excreted again into the bile. From the result of the experiment using a renal clearance method in dogs, it was found that more than 95% of M73101 was reabsorbed from the renal tubule by passive transport. The relationship between the fate and the pharmacological activity of M73101 is also discussed.
Expressing structural hypertext queries in graphlog (1989)

GraphLog is a visual query language in which queries are formulated by drawing graph patterns. The hyperdocument graph is searched for all occurrences of these patterns. The language is powerful enough to allow the specification and manipulation of arbitrary subsets of the network and supports the computation of aggregate functions on subgraphs of the hyperdocument. It can support dynamically defined structures as well as inference capabilities, going beyond current static and passive hypertext systems.The expressive power of the language is a fundamental issue: too little power limits the applications of the language, while too much makes efficient implementation difficult and probably affects ease of use. The complexity and expressive power of GraphLog can be characterized precisely by using notions from deductive database theory and descriptive complexity. In this paper, from a practical point of view, we present examples of GraphLog queries applied to several different hypertext systems, providing evidence for the expressive power of the language, as well as for the convenience and naturalness of its graphical representation. We also describe an ongoing implementation of the language.
Optimization of heterologous production of the polyketide 6‐MSA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2006)

Polyketides are a group of natural products that have gained much interest due to their use as antibiotics, cholesterol lowering agents, immunosuppressors, and as other drugs. Many organisms that naturally produce polyketides are difficult to cultivate and only produce these metabolites in small amounts. It is therefore of general interest to transfer polyketide synthase (PKS) genes from their natural sources into heterologous hosts that can over-produce the corresponding polyketides. In this study we demonstrate the heterologous expression of 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (6-MSAS), naturally produced by Penicillium patulum, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In order to activate the PKS a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) is required. We therefore co-expressed PPTases encoded by either sfp from Bacillus subtilis or by npgA from Aspergillus nidulans. The different strains were grown in batch cultures. Growth and product concentration were measured and kinetic parameters were calculated. It was shown that both PPTases could be efficiently used for activation of PKS's in yeast as good yields of 6-MSA were obtained with both enzymes.
Centromeres of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe are highly variable genetic loci. (1993)

Gross variations in the structure of the centromere of Schizosaccharomyces pombe chromosome III (cen3) were apparent following characterization of this centromeric DNA in strain Sp223 and comparison of the structure with that of cen3 in three other commonly used laboratory strains. Further differences in centromere structure were revealed when the structure of the centromere of S. pombe chromosome II (cen2) was compared among common laboratory strains and when the structures of cen2 and cen3 from our laboratory strains were compared with those reported from other laboratories. Differences observed in cen3 structure include variations in the arrangement of the centromeric K repeats and an inverted orientation of the conserved centromeric central core. In addition, we have identified two laboratory strains that contain a minimal cen2 repeat structure that lacks the tandem copies of the cen2-specific block of K-L-B-J repeats characteristic of Sp223 cen2. We have also determined that certain centromeric DNA structural motifs are relatively conserved among the four laboratory strains and eight additional wild-type S. pombe strains isolated from various food and beverage sources. We conclude that in S. pombe, as in higher eukaryotes, the centromere of a particular chromosome is not a defined genetic locus but can contain significant variability. However, the basic DNA structural motif of a central core immediately flanked by inverted repeats is a common parameter of the S. pombe centromere.
Genistein and biochanin A inhibit the growth of human prostate cancer cells but not epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation (1993)

The effect of the isoflavones, genistein, daidzein, and biochanin A on the growth of the LNCaP and DU-145 human prostate cancer cell lines has been examined. Genistein and biochanin A, but not daidzein, inhibit both serum and EGF-stimulated growth of LNCaP and DU-145 cells (IC50 values from 8.0 to 27 micrograms/ml for serum and 4.3 to 15 micrograms/ml for EGF), but have no significant effect of the EGF receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation. In contrast, tyrphostin 25, a specific EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits EGF-stimulated growth and EGF receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation in these whole cells, but does not inhibit serum-stimulated growth. These data suggest that the mechanism of action of genistein and biochanin A does not depend on inhibition of EGF receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation, but on a more distal event in the EGF receptor-mediated signal transduction cascade.