gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human epidermal keratinocytes are induced to secrete interleukin‐6 and co‐stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation by a CD40‐dependent mechanism (1996)

Although the expression and function of CD40 on B lymphocytes has been well studied, the significance of CD40 on non-lymphoid cells such as keratinocytes (KC) is not as well characterized. We demonstrate in this report that CD40 is expressed by virtually all human KC, and that it functions as an important signaling molecule. Flow cytometry of undifferentiated and terminally differentiated KC indicated that both cell types expressed CD40, as determined by binding to monoclonal antibodies and a recombinant CD40 ligand fusion protein; interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment of KC increased CD40 expression. Cultured KC also expressed 1.5-kb CD40 transcripts. Activation of KC cell surface CD40 using the monoclonal antibody G28.5 resulted in the rapid generation of a 50-kDa tyrosine phosphorylated polypeptide, as well as a dose-dependent increase in the secretion of interleukin-6, a cytokine that has been linked to KC proliferation. KC also co-stimulated a significant T lymphocyte proliferative response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin that was CD40 dependent. These data indicate that KC constitutively express a low level of functional CD40 and regulate their expression in response to IFN-gamma. These data support the concept that KC, via their expression of CD40, have the capacity to amplify inflammation in the skin by interacting with CD40 ligand-bearing T cells.
Role of laminin-binding integrin in the invasion of basement membrane matrices by fibrosarcoma cells. (1991)

Laminin is a large glycoprotein that is found in basement membranes and promotes cell adhesion and migration. In human fibrosarcoma cells we detected the presence of an integrin complex, with a Mr of 140,000/120,000 under nonreducing conditions, that bound specifically to laminin-Sepharose columns. Immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibodies characterized this complex as alpha 6 beta 1. Attachment of the fibrosarcoma cells to laminin substrates was completely inhibited in the presence of anti-alpha 6 beta 1 antibody, while attachment to fibronectin and type IV collagen was unaffected. When seeded onto reconstituted basement membrane, the fibrosarcoma cells spread out, migrated, and invaded the matrix. In the presence of anti-beta 1 or anti-alpha 6 beta 1 antibodies, initial invasion through the matrix was inhibited. The results indicate that the HT1080 cells express the alpha 6 beta 1 complex and that it mediates their attachment to laminin. Furthermore, this receptor appears to be important during initial attachment and subsequent invasion of basement membrane-like matrices.
Isotope Edited Internal Standard Method for Quantitative Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2005)

A new isotope edited internal standard (IEIS) method for quantitative surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is demonstrated using rhodamine 6G (R6G-d0) and rhodamine 6G (R6G-d4) edited with deuterium. The reproducibility and accuracy of the IEIS method is investigated both under optical resonance (SERRS) and nonresonance (SERS) conditions. A batch-to-batch concentration measurement reproducibility of better than 3% is demonstrated over a concentration range of 200 pM-2 microM with up to a factor of 3 difference between the concentration of the analyte and its IEIS. The superior performance of the IEIS method is further illustrated by comparing results obtained using absolute SERS/SERRS intensity calibration (with no internal standard) or using adenine (rather than R6G-d4) as an internal standard for R6G concentration quantization. Potential biomedical gene expression and comparative proteomic applications of the IEIS method are discussed.
Organic ionic plastic crystals: recent advances (2010)

Investigations into the synthesis and utilisation of organic ionic plastic crystals have made significant progress in recent years, driven by a continued need for high conductivity solid state electrolytes for a range of electrochemical devices. There are a number of different aspects to research in this area; fundamental studies, utilising a wide range of analytical techniques, of both pure and doped plastic crystals, and the development of plastic crystal-based materials as electrolytes in, for example, lithium ion batteries. Progress in these areas is highlighted and the development of new organic ionic plastic crystals, including a new class of proton conductors, is discussed.
Crystallization of trimeric recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (cachectin). (1988)

Crystals of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have been obtained in two forms. Rhombohedral crystals grow in 1.8 to 2.0 M ammonium sulfite, pH 7.8 at 21 degrees C, and tetragonal crystals grow in 2.6 M magnesium sulfate, pH 5.5 at 25 degrees C. Analysis of TNF by isoelectric focusing under native and denaturing conditions indicates that TNF molecules exist as trimers in solution. The rhombohedral cachectin crystals belong to space group R3 and have unit cell constants a = b = c = 47.65 A and alpha = beta = gamma = 88.1 degrees. Density determinations and the space group indicate that the unit cell contains one 51,000-dalton trimer. These crystals are stable in the x-ray beam and diffract to at least 1.85 A but are apparently twinned by merohedry. The tetragonal crystals are space group P4(3)2(1)2 or its enantiomorph P4(1)2(1)2 and have unit cell constants a = b = 95.08, c = 117.49. The asymmetric unit contains one trimer; the crystals are stable in the x-ray beam and diffract to beyond 3 A.
The Preparation of 7-Chloro-4-(4-(N-ethyl-N-β-hydroxyethylamino)-1- methylbutylamino)-quinoline and Related Compounds (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of 7-Chloro-4-(4-(N-ethyl-N-β-hydroxyethylamino)-1- methylbutylamino)-quinoline and Related CompoundsAlexander R. Surrey and Henry F. HammerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 4, 1814–1815Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01160a116https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01160a116research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views931Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct percutaneous carotid artery stenting with distal protection: technical case report (2004)

We describe the technique of percutaneous carotid artery stent placement with distal protection in a patient in whom marked innominate artery ectasia prevented transfemoral access to the right common carotid artery. After induction of general anesthesia, ultrasound was used to guide direct puncture of the common carotid artery followed by the introduction of a 5 French sheath. A GuardWire distal protection balloon (Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA) was placed distal to the lesion and deployed at nominal diameter. A balloon-expandable stent was deployed without difficulty. Following stent placement, angiography demonstrated improved flow in the entire right carotid artery territory. There were no complications related to cervical soft tissue damage or clinical embolism. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was discharged in 24 hours. Direct carotid access is acceptable in select patients in whom a transfemoral, brachial, or transradial approach is technically difficult. The use of distal cerebral protection devices may reduce cerebral embolism associated with these procedures.
Oncolytic Adenoviruses in Cancer Treatment (2014)

The therapeutic use of viruses against cancer has been revived during the last two decades. Oncolytic viruses replicate and spread inside tumors, amplifying their cytotoxicity and simultaneously reversing the tumor immune suppression. Among different viruses, recombinant adenoviruses designed to replicate selectively in tumor cells have been clinically tested by intratumoral or systemic administration. Limited efficacy has been associated to poor tumor targeting, intratumoral spread, and virocentric immune responses. A deeper understanding of these three barriers will be required to design more effective oncolytic adenoviruses that, alone or combined with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, may become tools for oncologists.
Noninvasive prenatal testing: the future is now. (2013)

Prenatal detection of chromosome abnormalities has been offered for more than 40 years, first by amniocentesis in the early 1970s and additionally by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in the early 1980s. Given the well-recognized association between increasing maternal age and trisomy,1-3 the primary utilization of prenatal testing has been by older mothers. This has drastically reduced the incidence of aneuploid children born to older mothers.4 Although younger women have relatively low risks of conceiving a child with aneuploidy, the majority of pregnant women are in their late teens, 20s, and early 30s. As such, most viable aneuploid babies are born to these younger mothers.5 Invasive prenatal diagnosis (CVS and amniocentesis) is not a feasible option for all low-risk mothers, as these procedures carry a small but finite risk and would ultimately cause more miscarriages than they would detect aneuploidy. For this reason, a number of noninvasive tests have been developed-including first-trimester risk assessment at 11 to 14 weeks, maternal serum analyte (quad) screening at 15 to 20 weeks, and sonographic fetal structural survey at 18 to 22 weeks-all of which are designed to give a woman an adjusted (more accurate) estimate of having an aneuploid fetus using as baseline her a priori age-related risk. Ultrasound and maternal serum analysis are considered screening procedures and both require follow up by CVS or amniocentesis in screen-positive cases for a definitive diagnosis of a chromosome abnormality in the fetus. The ability to isolate fetal cells and fetal DNA from maternal blood during pregnancy has opened up exciting opportunities for improved noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Direct analysis of fetal cells from maternal circulation has been challenging given the scarcity of fetal cells in maternal blood (1:10,000-1:1,000,000) and the focus has shifted to the analysis of cell-free fetal DNA, which is found at a concentration almost 25 times higher than that available from nucleated blood cells extracted from a similar volume of whole maternal blood. There have now been numerous reports on the use of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for NIPT for chromosomal aneuploidies-especially trisomy (an extra copy of a chromosome) or monosomy (a missing chromosome)-and a number of commercial products are already being marketed for this indication. This article reviews the various techniques being used to analyze cell-free DNA in the maternal circulation for the prenatal detection of chromosome abnormalities and the evidence in support of each. A number of areas of ongoing controversy are addressed, including the timing of maternal blood sampling, the need for genetic counseling, and the use of confirmatory invasive testing. Future applications for this technology are also reviewed.
The Human T cell Receptor Beta Variable (TRBV) Genes (2000)

'Human T Cell Receptor Beta Variable (TRBV) Genes', the seventh report of the 'IMGT Locus on Focus' section, comprises four tables: (1) 'Number of human germline TRBV genes at 7q35 and potential repertoire'; (2) 'Human germline TRBV genes at 7q35'; (3) 'Human TRBV orphons on chromosome 9 (9p21)', and (4) 'Human TRBV allele table'. These tables are available at the IMGT Marie-Paule page from IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database (http://imgt.cines. fr: 8104) created by Marie-Paule Lefranc, Université Montpellier II, CNRS, France.
Accelerating system integration by enhancing hardware, firmware, and co-simulation (2004)

System integration of an IBM eServer™ z990 begins when a z990 book, which houses the main processors, memory, and I/O adapters, is installed in a z990 frame, Licensed Internal Code is “booted” in the service element (SE), and power is turned on. This initial system “bringup,” also referred to as post-silicon integration, is composed of three major steps: initializing the chips, loading embedded code (firmware) into the system, and starting an initial program load (IPL) of an operating system. These processes are serialized, and verification of the majority of the system components cannot begin until they are complete. Therefore, it is important to shorten this critical time period by improving the quality of the integrated components through more comprehensive verification prior to manufacturing. This enhanced coverage is focused on verifying the interaction between the hardware components and firmware (often referred to as hardware and software co-simulation). Verification of the activities of these components first occurs independently and culminates in a pre-silicon system integration process, or virtual power-on (VPO). This paper focuses primarily on the hardware subsystem verification of the CLK chip [which is the interface between the central electronic complex (CEC) and the service element (SE)] and on enhanced co-simulation. It also considers the various environments (collections of hardware simulation models, firmware, execution time control code, and test cases to stimulate model behavior), with their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it discusses the results of the improved comprehensive simulation effort with respect to system integration for the z990.
Abstract 3381: Further Reverse Ventricular Remodeling by Dual-site Left Ventricular Pacing in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2006)

Recent research has shown that intrinsic brain activity as observed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) manifest itself as coherent signal changes in networks encompassing brain regions that span long-range neuronal pathways. One of these networks, the so called default mode network, has become the primary target in recent investigations to link intrinsic activity to cognition and how intrinsic signal changes may be altered in disease. In this study we assessed functional connectivity within the default mode network during both rest and a continuous working memory task on a region-by-region basis using partial correlation analysis, a data-driven method that provides insight into effective connectivity within neuronal networks. Prominent features of functional connectivity within the default mode network included an overall strong level of interaction between the precuneus/posterior cingulate region and the rest of the default mode network, as well as a high degree of interaction between the left and right medial temporal lobes combined with weak interactions between the medial temporal lobes and the rest of the default mode network. Additionally, we found support for strong interactions between the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex and the left inferior parietal lobe as well as between the dorsal and ventral sections of the medial prefrontal cortex. The suggested pivotal role of the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex in the default mode network is discussed.
Sidelobe suppression in OFDM systems by insertion of cancellation carriers (2006)

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems exhibit significant out-of-band radiation caused by high sidelobes of the modulated subcarriers. Existing techniques for reducing this undesirable effect have several drawbacks as they waste the scarce spectral resources or expand the signal in time domain. In this paper, we propose a new technique which overcomes these problems. A few so-called cancellation carriers are inserted on the left and right hand side of the used OFDM spectrum. These special subcarriers are not employed for data transmission, but carry complex weighting factors which are determined such that the sidelobes of transmission signal and cancellation carriers cancel each other. Simulation results show that with the proposed method a significant sidelobe suppression is achieved with only a small loss in bit error rate performance. This loss is due to the fact that a certain amount of the transmission power has to be spent on the cancellation carriers and is not available for data transmission.
Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of chronic liver disease. (1994)

Recent data have suggested that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is useful in the treatment of a variety of cholestatic and chronic liver diseases. Symptomatic and biochemical improvement have been observed in diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cystic fibrosis, but data on histological improvement and survival are limited. The purpose of this article is to review the proposed mechanisms of action of UDCA and to critically evaluate the existing literature reporting a beneficial therapeutic effect of UDCA in the treatment of chronic liver disease.
FMC7 is an epitope of CD20 (2008)

The FMC7 antibody, originally described in 1981, 1 detects an antigen expressed on mature human B cells and is used in immunophenotypic analysis and differential diagnosis of lymphomas and leukemias. The identity of the FMC7 antigen was unclear for many years. An early unconfirmed report indicated that it might be a 105 kDa protein, based on a Western blot using FMC7 and a radio-iodinated secondary antibody. 2 This finding may have deflected attention from the possibility that FMC7 was related to the 33 kDa B-cell antigen, CD20, even though the expression of FMC7 generally correlates well with that of CD20. 3,4 Serke et al provided the first evidence that FMC7 is an epitope on the CD20 molecule itself. 5 Their study showed that transient transfection of CD20 in the human K562 erythroleukemia cell line caused expression of FMC7 in approximately half of CD20-expressing cells. The data were not definitive, as weak expression and the use of a human hematopoeitic cell line allowed for the alternate interpretation that ectopically expressed CD20 may have upregulated another protein reactive with the FMC7 antibody. In 2003 we confirmed and extended their finding, demonstrating that FMC7 was very strongly and uniformly expressed on 100% of CD20-transfected non-B cells, even of nonhuman, nonhematopoietic origin. 6 Furthermore, point mutations in the extracellular region of CD20 destroyed the FMC7 epitope along with all other extracellular CD20 epitopes. 6,7 In unpublished data, we have found that deletions in the intracellular regions of CD20 also profoundly reduce FMC7 expression, presumably by affecting CD20 conformation.
Mitochondrial Ca2+ Overload Underlies Aβ Oligomers Neurotoxicity Providing an Unexpected Mechanism of Neuroprotection by NSAIDs (2008)

Dysregulation of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis may underlie amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) but the mechanism is unknown. In search for this mechanism we found that Abeta(1-42) oligomers, the assembly state correlating best with cognitive decline in AD, but not Abeta fibrils, induce a massive entry of Ca(2+) in neurons and promote mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload as shown by bioluminescence imaging of targeted aequorin in individual neurons. Abeta oligomers induce also mitochondrial permeability transition, cytochrome c release, apoptosis and cell death. Mitochondrial depolarization prevents mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload, cytochrome c release and cell death. In addition, we found that a series of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including salicylate, sulindac sulfide, indomethacin, ibuprofen and R-flurbiprofen depolarize mitochondria and inhibit mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload, cytochrome c release and cell death induced by Abeta oligomers. Our results indicate that i) mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload underlies the neurotoxicity induced by Abeta oligomers and ii) inhibition of mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload provides a novel mechanism of neuroprotection by NSAIDs against Abeta oligomers and AD.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subgroups have distinct genetic profiles that influence tumor biology and improve gene-expression-based survival prediction (2005)

Gene-expression profiling has identified 3 major subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): germinal center B-cell-like (GCB), activated B-cell-like (ABC), and primary mediastinal DLBCL (PMBCL). Using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), we investigated the genetic alterations of 224 cases of untreated DLBCL (87 GCB-DLBCL, 77 ABC-DLBCL, 19 PMBCL, and 41 unclassified DLBCL) previously characterized by gene-expression profiling. The DLBCL subgroups differed significantly in the frequency of particular chromosomal aberrations. ABC-DLBCL had frequent trisomy 3, gains of 3q and 18q21-q22, and losses of 6q21-q22, whereas GCB-DLBCL had frequent gains of 12q12, and PMBCL had gains of 9p21-pter and 2p14-p16. Parallel analysis of CGH alterations, locus-specific gene-expression profiles, and global gene-expression signatures revealed that DNA amplifications and gains had a substantial impact on the expression of genes in the involved chromosomal regions, and some genes were overexpressed in a DLBCL subgroup-specific fashion. Unexpectedly, specific chromosomal alterations were associated with significant changes in gene-expression signatures that reflect various aspects of lymphoma cell biology as well as the host response to the lymphoma. In addition, gains involving the chromosomal region 3p11-p12 provided prognostic information that was statistically independent of the previously defined gene-expression-based survival model, thereby improving its predictive power.
Engineering of an Environmentally Responsive Beta Roll Peptide for Use As a Calcium-Dependent Cross-Linking Domain for Peptide Hydrogel Formation (2012)

We have created a set of rationally designed peptides that form calcium-dependent hydrogels based on the beta roll peptide domain. In the absence of calcium, the beta roll domain is intrinsically disordered. Upon the addition of calcium, the peptide forms a beta helix secondary structure. We have designed two variations of our beta roll domain. First, we have mutated one face of the beta roll domain to contain leucine residues so that the calcium-dependent structural formation leads to dimerization through hydrophobic interactions. Second, an α-helical leucine zipper domain is appended to the engineered beta roll domain as an additional means of forming intermolecular cross-links. This full peptide construct forms a hydrogel only in calcium-rich environments. The resulting structural and mechanical properties of the supramolecular assemblies are compared with the wild-type domain using several biophysical techniques including circular dichroism, FRET, bis-ANS binding and microrheology. The calcium responsiveness and rheological properties of the leucine beta roll containing construct confirm the potential of this allosterically regulated scaffold to serve as a cross-linking domain for stimulus-responsive biomaterials development.