gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic YAG laser treatment of watermelon stomach (gastric antral vascular ectasia) in patients with systemic sclerosis. (2001)

GAVE should be considered in patients with SSc who develop chronic iron deficiency anemia. YAG laser treatment can be useful in the treatment of chronic blood loss anemia in SSc patients with GAVE.
Gabriel: a design environment for DSP (1989)

Gabriel is a software system intended to manage the complete development of real-time digital signal processing (DSP) applications, from conception and experimentation to implementation in real-time hardware. It performs non-real-time simulations as well as code synthesis for real-time hardware. It is intended to ease code development for architectures that are not easy targets for conventional compilers, such as multiprocessor systems built with very high-performance microcoded DSPs. The system is designed to be retargetable in two ways. First, it can synthesize code for a variety of multi-DSP architectures where the user specifies the salient features of the architecture. Second, it can target different DSPs. The authors have concentrated on code generation for the Motorola DSP56001, although code generation for the AT&T DSP32 has been demonstrated. At the highest level, an algorithm is described using a hierarchical block diagram. At the lowest level, the user can either simulate the algorithm locally on the workstation, simulate the target architecture running the generated code, or download the code into hardware and run it in real time. Gabriel is capable of handling multiple sample rates, iteration, and recurrences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Botulinum Toxins (2002)

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of botulinum toxin for the management of spasticity. Botulinum toxin is a unique compound, effective for a variety of conditions in which the predominant clinical feature is abnormal muscle contraction. Since 1989, a number of reports have demonstrated the usefulness of botulinum toxin injections to improve spasticity and reduce painful muscle spasms. Although use of botulinum toxin for spasticity is approved in many European countries, it is still considered “off-label” for use in spasticity in the United States.
Gene therapy (1997)

In recent years, there have been a number of technological breakthroughs that have allowed for clinical trials in gene therapy to be initiated. In combination with the genome initiative, the potential for new therapeutics is limitless. Although an enormous amount of information has been obtained in a relatively short period of time, gene therapy is not yet ready for wide-scale practice. Some of the successes and obstacles that remain are summarized in this report.
Mechanical Properties of Dried Defatted Spongy Bone (1976)

A study has been made of the compressive strength, compression at rupture, limit of proportionality, compression at the limit of proportionality and the modulus of elasticity of spongy bone from vertebrae and tibias. The specimens were obtained from autopsy subjects of both sexes aged 14 to 89 years. There was a qualitative deterioration of most of the strength parameters with age, and also differences between the sexes and between vertebrae and tibia. Spongy bone was found to have the unusual mechanical property that, despite rupture, its compressive strength often steadily increased; this was especially the case for vertebrae from young males.
Identification of a divergent M protein gene and an M protein-related gene family in Streptococcus pyogenes serotype 49 (1989)

The antigenically variant M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes enhances virulence by promoting resistance to phagocytosis. The serum opacity factor (OF), produced by a subset of M serotypes, is also antigenically variant, and its antigenic variability exactly parallels that of M protein. OF-positive and OF-negative streptococci are also phenotypically distinguishable by a number of other criteria. In order to study the differences between OF-positive and OF-negative streptococci, we cloned and sequenced the type 49 M protein gene (emm49), the first to be cloned from an OF-positive strain. This gene showed evolutionary divergence from the OF-negative M protein genes studied previously. Furthermore, emm49 was part of a gene family, in contrast to the single-copy nature of previously characterized M protein genes.
Both T cell receptor (TcR)‐CD3 complex and CD2 increase the tyrosine kinase activity of p56lck. CD2 can mediate TcR‐CD3‐independent and CD45‐dependent activation of p56lck (1992)

T cell activation by triggering the T cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex leads to a dramatic increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple cellular proteins. To date, there has been no direct evidence on the identity of the tyrosine kinase activity implicated in this signaling pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that activation of human T cells with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody increases tyrosine kinase activity of p56lck. This extends our previous findings which demonstrated the involvement of p56lck kinase activity in the CD2 signal transduction pathway. The results from peripheral blood lymphocytes and Jurkat cell line showed in both cases an early and transient change in the specific activity of p56lck, followed by a shift to a higher apparent molecular mass. Therefore, to test directly the role of TcR-CD3 in CD2-induced activation of p56lck, we utilized mutant variants of the Jurkat cell line lacking in cell surface TcR-CD3. We found that cell surface expression of TcR-CD3 is not required for the activation of p56lck via CD2 but is necessary for the appearance of the reduced-electrophoretic-mobility form of p56lck observed after CD2 triggering. By isolating CD45- mutants from Jurkat cells, we observed that surface expression of the tyrosine phosphatase CD45 is required in order to increase p56lck activity following CD2 stimulation, while CD4-induced activation of the kinase remained unchanged. These data provide evidence for a specific functional linkage between CD2 and p56lck, in which CD45 may play an essential role.
Inferring the network latency requirements of cloud tenants (2015)

Cloud IaaS and PaaS tenants rely on cloud providers to provide network infrastructures that make the appropriate tradeoff between cost and performance. This can include mechanisms to help customers understand the performance requirements of their applications. Previous research (e.g., Proteus and Cicada) has shown how to do this for network-bandwidth demands, but cloud tenants may also need to meet latency objectives, which in turn may depend on reliable limits on network latency, and its variance, within the cloud providers infrastructure. On the other hand, if network latency is sufficient for an application, further decreases in latency might add cost without any benefit. Therefore, both tenant and provider have an interest in knowing what network latency is good enough for a given application.

This paper explores several options for a cloud provider to infer a tenants network-latency demands, with varying tradeoffs between requirements for tenant participation, accuracy of inference, and instrumentation overhead. In particular, we explore the feasibility of a hypervisor-only mechanism, which would work without any modifications to tenant code, even in IaaS clouds.
Annelated piperazinyl‐7,8‐dihydro‐6H‐thiopyrano[3,2‐d]pyrimidines (1990)

Abstract Tricyclic analogs of piperazinylthiopyrano[3,2‐ d ]pyrimidine hypoglycemic agents were prepared. The angular tricyclic systems, 8,9‐dihydro‐7 H ‐thiopyrano[2,3‐ e ][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐ a ]pyrimidine and 8,9‐dihydro‐7 H ‐tetrazolo[1,5‐ a ]thiopyrano[2,3‐ e ]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized from 2,4‐dichloro‐7,8‐dihydro‐6 H ‐thiopyrano[3,2‐ d ]pyrimidine in three step sequences. Derivatives of the linear tricyclic system, 5,6‐dihydro‐7 H ‐thiopyrano[3,2‐ d ][1,2,4]triazolo[2,3‐ a ]pyrimidine, were prepared by condensation of 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole with ethyl 3‐oxo‐tetrahydropyran‐2‐carboxylate. The tricyclic heteroaryl‐piperazines lacked significant hypoglycemic activity.
Heat as a tracer to determine streambed water exchanges (2008)

This work reviews the use of heat as a tracer of shallow groundwater movement and describes current temperature‐based approaches for estimating streambed water exchanges. Four common hydrologic conditions in stream channels are graphically depicted with the expected underlying streambed thermal responses, and techniques are discussed for installing and monitoring temperature and stage equipment for a range of hydrological environments. These techniques are divided into direct‐measurement techniques in streams and streambeds, groundwater techniques relying on traditional observation wells, and remote sensing and other large‐scale advanced temperature‐acquisition techniques. A review of relevant literature suggests researchers often graphically visualize temperature data to enhance conceptual models of heat and water flow in the near‐stream environment and to determine site‐specific approaches of data analysis. Common visualizations of stream and streambed temperature patterns include thermographs, temperature envelopes, and one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional temperature contour plots. Heat and water transport governing equations are presented for the case of transport in streambeds, followed by methods of streambed data analysis, including simple heat‐pulse arrival time and heat‐loss procedures, analytical and time series solutions, and heat and water transport simulation models. A series of applications of these methods are presented for a variety of stream settings ranging from arid to continental climates. Progressive successes to quantify both streambed fluxes and the spatial extent of streambeds indicate heat‐tracing tools help define the streambed as a spatially distinct field (analogous to soil science), rather than simply the lower boundary in stream research or an amorphous zone beneath the stream channel.
Enhancement of arm exercise endurance capacity with dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate (1990)

The effects of dietary supplementation of dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate (DHAP) on endurance capacity and metabolic responses during arm exercise were determined in 10 untrained males (20-26 yr). Subjects performed arm ergometer exercise (60% peak O2 consumption) to exhaustion after consumption of standard diets (55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 30% fat; 35 kcal/kg) containing either 100 g of Polycose (placebo, P) or DHAP (3:1, treatment) substituted for a portion of carbohydrate. The two diets were administered in a random order, and each was consumed for a 7-day period. Biopsy of the triceps muscle was obtained immediately before and after exercise. Blood samples were drawn through radial artery and axillary vein catheters at rest, after 60 min of exercise, and at exercise termination. Arm endurance was 133 +/- 20 min after P and 160 +/- 22 min after DHAP (P less than 0.01). Triceps glycogen at rest was 88 +/- 8 (P) and 130 +/- 19 mmol/kg (DHAP) (P less than 0.05). Whole arm arteriovenous glucose difference (mmol/l) was greater (P less than 0.05) for DHAP than P at rest (0.60 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.05 +/- 0.09) and after 60 min of exercise (1.00 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.36 +/- 0.11), but it did not differ at exhaustion. Neither respiratory exchange ratio nor respiratory quotient differed between trials at rest, after 60 min of exercise, or at exhaustion. Plasma free fatty acid, glycerol, beta-hydroxybutyrate, catecholamines, and insulin were similar during rest and exercise for both diets. Feeding DHAP for 7 days increased arm muscle glucose extraction before and during exercise, thereby enhancing submaximal arm endurance capacity.
Identification of an autoinhibitory domain in calcineurin. (1990)

The hypothesis that calcineurin, the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, contains an autoinhibitory domain was tested using synthetic peptides corresponding to regions of the carboxyl-terminus of calcineurin. Of the several peptides analyzed, one, containing residues I-T-S-F-E-E-A-K-G-L-D-R-I-N-E-R-M-P-P-R-R-D-A-M-P, gave complete inhibition of its protein phosphatase activity. Using [32P]myosin light chain as substrate an IC50 of about 10 microM was obtained with either native calcineurin, assayed in the presence of Ca2+/calmodulin, or with calcineurin subjected to partial proteolysis which converts it to a fully active phosphatase when assayed in the presence of [ethylenebis (oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid. With 50 mM p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate an IC50 of about 40 microM was observed. Studies with overlapping peptides suggested that the sequence P-P-R-R-D-A-M-P was essential but not sufficient for the observed inhibition. Kinetic analysis indicated that the inhibition of phosphatase activity was not competitive with respect to [32P]myosin light chain. This peptide did not show significant inhibition of the catalytic subunits of protein phosphatases type I or type IIA or of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. These results indicate that amino acids within this sequence of calcineurin constitute a unique autoinhibitory domain which interacts with the active site and is responsible for the low basal phosphatase activity in the absence of Ca2+/calmodulin.
Integration of the dispersed generators in the distribution management system (2004)

Since the 80s huge efforts have been made to utilize renewable energy sources to generate electric power. An important issue about using renewable energy sources is a distribution management system (DMS) in presence of dispersed generators. This paper reports some aspects of integration of the dispersed generators in the DMS. Besides, an investigation of impact of the dispersed generators on the overall performances of the distribution systems in steady state is performed. In order to observe losses in the distribution networks with dispersed generators, several loss allocation methods are applied. Results obtained from case study using IEEE test network, are presented and discussed.
Conformationally restricted cyclic nonapeptides derived from L-cysteine and LL-3-amino-2-piperidone-6-carboxylic acid (LL-Acp), a potent .beta.-turn-inducing dipeptide analog (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformationally restricted cyclic nonapeptides derived from L-cysteine and LL-3-amino-2-piperidone-6-carboxylic acid (LL-Acp), a potent .beta.-turn-inducing dipeptide analogD. S. Kemp and Paul E. McNamaraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 26, 5834–5838Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00350a077https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00350a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views402Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DOPAMINE IN THE BASAL GANGLIA: Its Role and Therapeutic Implications (Including the Clinical Use of L-DOPA) (1973)

Journal Article DOPAMINE IN THE BASAL GANGLIA: Its Role and Therapeutic Implications (Including the Clinical Use of L-DOPA) Get access OLEH HORNYKIEWICZ, M.D. OLEH HORNYKIEWICZ, M.D. Department of Pharmacology and Department of Psychopharmacology, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, University of TorontoCanada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 29, Issue 2, May 1973, Pages 172–178, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070990 Published: 01 May 1973
Studies on Intestinal Absorption of Iron. I. Effects of Sugars, Polyalcohols and Organic Acids on Hydrolytic Polymerization of Iron (1972)

Effect of glucose, fructose, sorbitol, xylitol, citric acid, and gluconic acid on hydrolytic polymerization of iron was examined. 1) Fructose, sorbitol, or xylitol (20 mM each) added to 1 mM ferric chloride solution inhibited the polymerization of iron during alkaline hydrolysis process and gave a low molecular polymer. These facts were confirmed by measurement of polymer formation rate, elution pattern from Sephadex G-75, and sedimentation constant. 2) Citric acid and gluconic acid were also found by gel filtration to inhibit the hydrolytic polymerization of iron. These results suggest that the carbohydrates, polyols, and organic acids enhance the absorption of iron across the intestine by formation of low molecular polymers of iron.
Enhanced Antitumor Activity of Murine-Human Hybrid T-Cell Receptor (TCR) in Human Lymphocytes Is Associated with Improved Pairing and TCR/CD3 Stability (2006)

Little is known about the biology of murine T-cell receptors (TCR) expressed in human cells. We recently observed that a murine anti-human p53 TCR is highly functional when expressed in human lymphocytes. Herein, we compare human and mouse TCR function and expression to delineate the molecular basis for the apparent superior biological activity of murine receptors in human T lymphocytes. To this end, we created hybrid TCRs where we swapped the original constant regions with either human or mouse ones, respectively. We showed that murine or "murinized" receptors were overexpressed on the surface of human lymphocytes compared with their human/humanized counterparts and were able to mediate higher levels of cytokine secretion when cocultured with peptide-pulsed antigen-presenting cells. Preferential pairing of murine constant regions and improved CD3 stability seemed to be responsible for these observations. These enhanced biological properties translated into significantly greater antitumor response mediated by TCR with mouse constant regions. Furthermore, we were able to circumvent the natural low avidity of class I MHC TCR in CD4(+) cells by introducing the murinized TCR into CD4(+) lymphocytes, giving them the ability to recognize melanoma tumors. These findings have implications for human TCR gene transfer therapy and may provide new insights into the biology of the TCR/CD3 complex.
Biologic therapies in the spondyloarthritis: new opportunities, new challenges (2003)

Therapeutic options for patients suffering from the more severe forms of spondyloarthritis have been rather limited in the last decades. There is now accumulating evidence that antitumor necrosis factor therapy is highly effective in spondyloarthritis, especially in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. Based on the data recently published on more than 500 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis, this treatment seems to be even more effective than in rheumatoid arthritis. The antitumor necrosis factor-alpha agents currently available, infliximab (Remicade), etanercept (Enbrel), and adalimumab (Humira), are approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States and partly in Europe. The situation in spondyloarthritis is different from that of rheumatoid arthritis because there is an unmet medical need, especially in ankylosing spondylitis: no therapies with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs are available for severely affected patients, especially with spinal disease. Thus, tumor necrosis factor blockers may even be considered a first-line treatment in a patient with active ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis whose condition is not sufficiently controlled with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in the case of axial disease, and sulfasalazine or methotrexate in the case of peripheral arthritis. For infliximab, a dose of 5 mg/kg was required, and intervals between 6 and 12 weeks were necessary to suppress disease activity constantly-also a major aim for long-term treatment. The standard dosage of etanercept is 2 x 25 mg subcutaneously per week. There are no studies yet on adalimumab (standard rheumatoid arthritis dose, 20-40 mg subcutaneously every 1-2 weeks) in spondyloarthritis. Infliximab was very recently approved for AS in Europe. The efficacy of etanercept was first demonstrated in psoriatic arthritis, and it is now approved for this indication. A double-blind study has also been performed in ankylosing spondylitis, with similarly clear efficacy. There is preliminary evidence that both agents do also work in other spondyloarthritis, such as undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. Ideally, both agents will be approved soon for the short-term treatment of severe, uncontrolled spondyloarthritis. In parallel, studies should be performed to document the long-term efficacy of this treatment. There is hope that ankylosis may be preventable, but it remains to be shown whether patients benefit from long-term antitumor necrosis factor therapy and whether radiologic progression and ankylosis can be stopped. Severe adverse events have remained rare. Complicated infections including tuberculosis have been reported. These can be largely prevented by appropriate screening. At it stands now, the benefits of antitumor necrosis factor therapy in ankylosing spondylitis seem to outweigh these shortcomings.
Circulating Interleukin-2 Receptors Are a Group of Multimeric Proteins with Immunoreactivity for Interleukin-2 Receptor α, β, and γ Chains (1996)

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) alpha chain serum levels as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) are commonly used to monitor various inflammatory and neoplastic disorders associated with lymphocytic proliferation and activation. The in vivo structure of this soluble receptor species, however, is not characterized. We investigated sera with elevated sIL-2R serum levels of patients with histologically proven cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and high-dose IL-2-treated melanoma patients and healthy donors. Purified recombinant IL-2R alpha and beta chain molecules, produced by transfection of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and CHO cells, served as positive controls for purification and detection procedures. For selective enrichment of IL-2R molecules from supernatants and sera, affinity columns were prepared by coupling recombinant IL-2 or monoclonal antibodies against the alpha and the beta chain of the IL-2R complex to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose. Western blotting with affinity-purified fractions under reducing and nonreducing conditions revealed proteins that showed immunoreactivity for IL-2R alpha, beta, and gamma chain using several detection antibodies against these molecules. We conclude that the composition of sIL-2R in vivo is more complex than that of recombinant sIL-2R and can include all three IL-2R chains.
A Synthetic Diet for the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1965)

Abstract The spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), was reared on a synthetic diet. Comparison of two successive laboratory generations reared on synthetic diet and on frozen balsam fir buds showed that diet-fed insects had a higher survival, developed faster, were heavier, mated more successfully, and were more fecund.