gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic band structure, phonons, and exciton binding energies of halide perovskites CsSnCl3, CsSnBr3, and CsSnI3 (2013)

The halide perovskites CsSn${X}_{3}$, with $X=$ Cl, Br, I, are investigated using quasiparticle self-consistent $GW$ electronic structure calculations. These materials are found to have an ``inverted'' band structure from most semiconductors with a nondegenerate $s$-like valence band maximum (VBM) and triply degenerate $p$-like conduction band minimum (CBM). The small hole effective mass results in high hole mobility, in agreement with recent reports for CsSnI${}_{3}$. The relatively small band gap changes from Cl to Br to I result from the intra-atomic Sn $s$ and Sn $p$ characters of the VBM and CBM, respectively. The latter is also responsible for the high oscillator strength of the optical transition in these direct-gap semiconductors and hence a strong luminescence and absorption. The band gap change with lattice constant is also anomalous. It increases with increasing lattice constant, and this results from the decreasing valence band width due to the decreased Sn $s$ with anion $p$ interaction. It leads to an anomalous temperature dependence of the gap. The changes in band gap in different lower-symmetry crystallographic phases is studied. The exciton binding energy of the free exciton, estimated from the Wannier-Mott exciton theory and the calculated dielectric constants and effective masses, is found to be two orders of magnitude smaller than previously claimed in literature, or of the order of 0.1 meV. The photoluminescence peak previously assigned to the free exciton is instead ascribed to an acceptor bound exciton. The phonons at the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ point are calculated as well as the related enhancement of the dielectric constants.
Exploiting Multiple I/O Streams to Provide High Data-Rates. (1991)

We present an I/O architecture, called Swift, that addresses the problem of data-rate mismatches between the requirements of an application, the maximum data-rate of the storage devices, and the data-rate of the interconnection medium. The goal of Swift is to support integrated continuous multimedia in general purpose distributed systems. In installations with a high-speed interconnection medium, Swift will provide high data-rate transfers by using multiple slower storage devices in parallel. The data-rates obtained with this approach scale well when using multiple storage devices and multiple interconnections. Swift has the \nexibility to use any appropriate storage technology, including disk arrays. The ability to adapt to technological advances will allow Swift to provide for ever increasing I/O demands. To address the problem of partial failures, Swift stores data redundantly. Using the Unix operating system, we have constructed a simplied prototype of the Swift architecture. Using a single Ethernet-based local-area network and three servers, the prototype provides data-rates that are almost three times as fast as access to the local SCSI disk in the case of writes. When compared with NFS, the Swift prototype provides double the data-rate for reads and eight times the data-rate for writes. The data-rate of our prototype scales almost linearly in the number of servers and the number of network segments. Its performance is shown to be limited by the speed of the Ethernet-based local-area network. We also constructed a simulation model to show how the Swift architecture can exploit storage, communication, and processor advances, and to locate the components that will limit I/O performance. In a simulated gigabit/second token ring local-area network the data-rates are seen to scale proportionally to the size of the transfer unit and to the number of storage agents.
Cloning and sequencing of the group 6 allergen of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (1996)

cDNA encoding Der p 6 has been described.
Antidepressant Medication Use and Breast Cancer Risk (2000)

Experimental and epidemiologic studies suggest that antidepressant medication use may be associated with breast cancer risk. This hypothesis was investigated using a population-based case-control study; cases diagnosed in 1995-1996 were identified using the Ontario Cancer Registry, and controls were randomly sampled from an Ontario Ministry of Finance database. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Adjusted odds ratio estimates ranged from 0.7 to 0.8 and were not statistically significant for "ever" use of antidepressants, tricyclics, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Compared with no antidepressant use, use of tricyclic antidepressants for greater than 2 years' duration was associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9, 5.0). Of the six most commonly reported antidepressant medications, only paroxetine use was associated with an increase in breast cancer risk (OR = 7.2, 95% CI: 0.9, 58.3). Results from this study do not support the hypothesis that "ever" use of any antidepressant medications is associated with breast cancer risk. Use of tricyclic medications for greater than 2 years, however, may be associated with a twofold elevation, and use of paroxetine may be associated with a substantial increase in breast cancer risk.
Rapid radiographic film calibration for IMRT verification using automated MLC fields (2002)

A method for measuring a film sensitometric curve using a single sheet of film exposed with a two field step-and-shoot MLC treatment was developed and tested with Kodak XV2 and EDR2 films. With this technique a film sensitometric curve can be completed in only 10 minutes, making it practical to generate new film calibrations daily. This method is applicable to film calibrations for all purposes, but is particularly useful in IMRT treatment verification due to the method's use of small fields. This method agrees with the traditional large-field multifilm calibration within 0.5% and will produce sensitometric curves with errors less than 1% throughout the dose range, including uncertainties in dose delivery, film response, and optical density measurements. OD values for XV2 and EDR2 films were consistent in the middle of exposure areas at high depths, but the XV2 film penumbra regions showed large amounts of over-response as the calibration depth increased. If XV2 film is used for IMRT treatment verification, it is necessary to reduce the fluence of low energy photons in areas around the film by using thin lead shields. EDR2 film was shown to have minimal energy dependence, as it accurately represented penumbra areas and yielded identical sensitometric curves generated with 6 and 18 MV photons. However, its darker tint may make it more sensitive to scanning laser film digitizers' horizontal nonuniformities. This single film method proved to be superior to the traditional calibration method and allows fast daily calibrations of films for highly accurate IMRT delivery verifications.
Rituximab in the treatment of dermatomyositis: An open‐label pilot study (2005)

This small open-label study of DM patients treated with rituximab provided sufficiently encouraging results to justify a more formal evaluation of the value of B cell depletion therapy in the treatment of DM.
The role of interleukin-13 in infectious diseases and allergy (2000)

Cytokines, also referred to as interleukins, are the major orchestrators of host defence processes, and, as such, are involved in insults, repair and restoration of tissue homeostasis. This review summarises recent findings on and emerging models of the biological roles of the double-edged sword interleukin-13 (IL-13), which have been principally obtained from studies in mice that are deficient for IL-13, or its components. IL-13-mediated functions not only contribute to the susceptible phenotype in Leishmania major infection but also seem to play a protective role in chronic leishmaniasis. Moreover, IL-13 plays a key protective role in the expulsion of helminths from the gut while also actively contributing to the pathology in schistosomiasis. In allergic asthma, IL-13 has also been found to be a key factor. Therapeutic administration of an IL-13 inhibitor in mice successfully prevents both the allergic disease phenotype and schistosoma egg-induced lung pathology. If this scenario holds true in humans, we soon may have an efficient drug for treatment of IL-13-mediated diseases.
Targeted alterations in yeast artificial chromosomes for inter-species gene transfer (1992)

In order to facilitate alterations of large DNA molecules for their introduction into mammalian cells we have characterised the mechanism of site-specific modifications in yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). Newly developed yeast integration vectors with dominant selectable marker genes allow targeted integration into left (centromeric) and right (non-centromeric) YAC arms as well as alterations to the human derived insert DNA. In transformation experiments, integration proceeds exclusively by homologous recombination although yeast prefers linear ends of homology for predefined insertions. Targeted regions can be rescued which expedite the cloning of internal human sequences and the identification of 5' and 3' YAC/insert borders. Integration of the neomycin resistance gene into various parts of the YAC allowed the transfer and stable integration of large DNA molecules into a variety of mammalian cells including embryonic stem cells.
Ambipolar single-wall carbon nanotube transistors and inverters (2001)

Ambipolar electrical transport in semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) is presented. The experiments are performed on SWNT-based field-effect transistors (CNFETs) contacted using high transmission titanium carbide (TiC) electrodes and passivated by a silicon dioxide layer. The CNFETs show improved characteristics and low contact resistances. Moreover, the Fermi-level at the SWNT-carbide junctions appears unpinned and switching of the devices occurs by the modulation of the contact barrier height by the applied gate field. As a result, the CN-FETs present both hole (p-type) and electron (n-type) characteristics. We combined two ambipolar CNFETs and fabricated logic gate (“NOT” gate) circuits stable in air.
Interfacial Assembly of a Series of Cinnamoyl-Containing Bolaamphiphiles: Spacer-Controlled Packing, Photochemistry, and Odd–Even Effect (2012)

A series of bolaamphiphiles with 4-hydroxycinnamoyl head groups and different length of the alkyl spacers (n = 6-12) were designed to investigate their photochemistry in the organized films obtained from the air/water interface. It has been found that both the length and odd-even number of the spacers can finely tune the molecular packing as well as the photochemistry. When the spacer length was changed from 6 to 12 methylene units, the assemblies changed from J aggregate to H aggregate. The molecules with even-numbered polymethylene spacer tend to form three-dimensional nanorod structure at the air/water interface. For the assembly of derivatives with odd-numbered spacers, diverse morphologies such as nanospirals and nanofibers were observed depending on the chain length and the surface pressures. The different packing of bolaamphiphiles could subsequently affect the photochemistry of the cinnamoyl groups in the organized films. The spacer effect in the assembly can be understood from the cooperation between H-bond of the phenolic hydroxyl and the amide groups, π-π stacking as well as the hydrophobic interactions of the alkyl spacer. A packing model was proposed to explain the phenomenon.
Chemical processing and micromixing in confined impinging jets (2003)

Abstract Rapid processes such as certain organic reactions or precipitations at high supersaturation require the rapid mixing provided by jet mixers. Micromixing in a confined impinging jets (CIJ) mixer was characterized employing the Damköhler number to correlate processing. A scaling theory for the characteristic micromixing time, proportional to momentum diffusion starting at the Kolmogorov microscale, is shown as sufficient to express the micromixing performance of the CIJ mixer. A recently characterized second‐order competitive reaction set is used as a “chemical ruler” to assign an absolute value to the mixing time in the CIJ mixer. A wide range of characteristic time (320 to 5 ms) is evaluated with hydrochloric acid competing for sodium hydroxide neutralization or 2,2‐dimethoxypropane acid catalyzed hydrolysis. This reaction set was sensitive enough to detect the onset of a turbulent‐like flow at a Re of 90 and was able to demonstrate a decrease in undesired products up to the highest Re tested, 3,800 or a jet velocity of 19 m/s. It represents a significant advancement to the reaction sets and techniques used for previous mixing studies, which are reviewed. Experiments verify the characteristic mixing time in a CIJ mixer scales as the inverse of the jet velocity to the three halves power, and the “mesomixing volume” (the volume over which the majority of flow energy was dissipated) is best approximated as proportional to the internozzle separation cubed. For each of the different jet diameters, chamber diameters and outlet configurations tested, the selectivity of the reaction scaled linearly with the Damköhler number, as determined from the known reaction kinetics and the calculated Kolmogorov diffusion time. The first full characterization is provided of micromixing in impinging jets that allows the prediction of mixing performance, reaction selectivity, and scale‐up criteria.
Murine CD160, Ig-Like Receptor on NK Cells and NKT Cells, Recognizes Classical and Nonclassical MHC Class I and Regulates NK Cell Activation (2005)

Human and mouse NK cells use different families of receptors to recognize MHC class I (MHC I) on target cells. Although human NK cells express both Ig-like receptors and lectin-like receptors specific for MHC I, all the MHC I-specific receptors identified on mouse NK cells to date are lectin-like receptors, and no Ig-like receptors recognizing MHC I have been identified on mouse NK cells. In this study we report the first MHC I-specific Ig-like receptor on mouse NK cells, namely, murine CD160 (mCD160). The expression of mCD160 is restricted to a subset of NK cells, NK1.1+ T cells, and activated CD8+ T cells. The mCD160-Ig fusion protein binds to rat cell lines transfected with classical and nonclassical mouse MHC I, including CD1d. Furthermore, the level of mCD160 on NK1.1+ T cells is modulated by MHC I of the host. Overexpression of mCD160 in the mouse NK cell line KY-2 inhibits IFN-gamma production induced by phorbol ester plus ionomycin, whereas it enhances IFN-gamma production induced by NK1.1 cross-linking or incubation with dendritic cells. Cross-linking of mCD160 also inhibits anti-NK1.1-mediated stimulation of KY-2 cells. Anti-mCD160 mAb alone has no effect. Thus, mCD160, the first MHC I-specific Ig-like receptor on mouse NK cells, regulates NK cell activation both positively and negatively, depending on the stimulus.
Zfp423 Promotes Adipogenic Differentiation of Bovine Stromal Vascular Cells (2012)

Intramuscular fat or marbling is critical for the palatability of beef. In mice, very recent studies show that adipocytes and fibroblasts share a common pool of progenitor cells, with Zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423) as a key initiator of adipogenic differentiation. To evaluate the role of Zfp423 in intramuscular adipogenesis and marbling in beef cattle, we sampled beef muscle for separation of stromal vascular cells. These cells were immortalized with pCI neo-hEST2 and individual clones were selected by G418. A total of 288 clones (3×96 well plates) were isolated and induced to adipogenesis. The presence of adipocytes was assessed by Oil-Red-O staining. Three clones with high and low adipogenic potential respectively were selected for further analyses. In addition, fibro/adipogenic progenitor cells were selected using a surface marker, platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) α. The expression of Zfp423 was much higher (307.4±61.9%, P<0.05) in high adipogenic cells, while transforming growth factor (TGF)-β was higher (156.1±48.7%, P<0.05) in low adipogenic cells. Following adipogenic differentiation, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) were much higher (239.4±84.1% and 310.7±138.4%, respectively, P<0.05) in high adipogenic cells. Over-expression of Zfp423 in stromal vascular cells and cloned low adipogenic cells dramatically increased their adipogenic differentiation, accompanied with the inhibition of TGF-β expression. Zfp423 knockdown by shRNA in high adipogenic cells largely prevented their adipogenic differentiation. The differential regulation of Zfp423 and TGF-β between low and high adipogenic cells is associated with the DNA methylation in their promoters. In conclusion, data show that Zfp423 is a critical regulator of adipogenesis in stromal vascular cells of bovine muscle, and Zfp423 may provide a molecular target for enhancing intramuscular adipogenesis and marbling in beef cattle.
Utilization of Two Seven-Transmembrane, G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Formyl Peptide Receptor-Like 1 and Formyl Peptide Receptor, by the Synthetic Hexapeptide WKYMVm for Human Phagocyte Activation (1999)

Trp-Lys-Tyr-Val-D-Met (WKYMVm) is a synthetic leukocyte-activating peptide postulated to use seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor(s). In the study to characterize the receptor(s) for WKYMVm, we found that this peptide induced marked chemotaxis and calcium flux in human phagocytes. The signaling induced by WKYMVm in phagocytes was attenuated by high concentrations of the bacterial chemotactic peptide fMLP, suggesting that WKYMVm might use receptor(s) for fMLP. This hypothesis was tested by using cells over expressing genes encoding two seven-transmembrane receptors, formyl peptide receptor (FPR) and formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1), which are with high and low affinity for fMLP, respectively. Both FPR- and FPRL1-expressing cells mobilized calcium in response to picomolar concentrations of WKYMVm. While FPRL1-expressing cells migrated to picomolar concentrations of WKYMVm, nanomolar concentrations of the peptide were required to induce migration of FPR-expressing cells. In contrast, fMLP elicited both calcium flux and chemotaxis only in FPR-expressing cells with an efficacy comparable with WKYMVm. Thus, WKYMVm uses both FPR and FPRL1 to stimulate phagocytes with a markedly higher efficacy for FPRL1. Our study suggests that FPR and FPRL1 in phagocytes react to a broad spectrum of agonists and WKYMVm as a remarkably potent agonist provides a valuable tool for studying leukocyte signaling via these receptors.
Diversity and clonal selection in the human T-cell repertoire (2014)

T-cell receptor (TCR) diversity, a prerequisite for immune system recognition of the universe of foreign antigens, is generated in the first two decades of life in the thymus and then persists to an unknown extent through life via homeostatic proliferation of naïve T cells. We have used next-generation sequencing and nonparametric statistical analysis to estimate a lower bound for the total number of different TCR beta (TCRB) sequences in human repertoires. We arrived at surprisingly high minimal estimates of 100 million unique TCRB sequences in naïve CD4 and CD8 T-cell repertoires of young adults. Naïve repertoire richness modestly declined two- to fivefold in healthy elderly. Repertoire richness contraction with age was even less pronounced for memory CD4 and CD8 T cells. In contrast, age had a major impact on the inequality of clonal sizes, as estimated by a modified Gini-Simpson index clonality score. In particular, large naïve T-cell clones that were distinct from memory clones were found in the repertoires of elderly individuals, indicating uneven homeostatic proliferation without development of a memory cell phenotype. Our results suggest that a highly diverse repertoire is maintained despite thymic involution; however, peripheral fitness selection of T cells leads to repertoire perturbations that can influence the immune response in the elderly.
Acute Repair of Crushed Guinea Pig Spinal Cord by Polyethylene Glycol (1999)

Acute repair of crushed guinea pig spinal cord by polyethylene glycol. We have studied the responses of adult guinea pig spinal cord white matter to a standardized compression within a sucrose gap recording chamber. This injury eliminated compound action potential (CAP) conduction through the lesion, followed by little or no recovery of conduction by 1 h postinjury. We tested the ability of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to repair the injured axons and restore physiological function. Local application of PEG (1,800 MW, 50% by weight in water) for approximately 2 min restored CAP conduction through the injury as early as 1 min post PEG application. The recovery of the CAP </=1 h was significantly greater in treated compared with control spinal cords (controls = 3.6% of the preinjury amplitude; PEG treated = 19%; P < 0.0001, unpaired Student's t-test). Stimulus-response analysis indicated that the susceptibility for recovery was similar for all calibers of axons after PEG application. The enhanced recovery of conduction after PEG treatment was associated with an early alteration in conduction properties relative to control spinal cords. This included increased refractoriness and sensitivity to potassium channel blockade using 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). Normally 4-AP enhanced the amplitude of the recovering CAPs by approximately 40% in control spinal cords; however this effect was nearly doubled to approximately 72% in PEG treated spinal cords. Because severe clinical injuries to the spinal cord (and some peripheral nerves) are both resistant to medical treatment and usually produced by compression, we discuss the possible clinical benefits of PEG application.
Planar waveguides with less than 01 dB/m propagation loss fabricated with wafer bonding (2011)

We demonstrate a wafer-bonded silica-on-silicon planar waveguide platform with record low total propagation loss of (0.045 ± 0.04) dB/m near the free space wavelength of 1580 nm. Using coherent optical frequency domain reflectometry, we characterize the group index, fiber-to-chip coupling loss, critical bend radius, and propagation loss of these waveguides.