gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proliferin Induces Endothelial Cell Chemotaxis through a G Protein-Coupled, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Pathway (1997)

To investigate the mechanism of action of the placental angiogenic hormone proliferin (PLF), we analyzed the signaling components in endothelial cells that are required for PLF-induced chemotaxis. Pertussis toxin, which inactivates Gi proteins, inhibited PLF-induced chemotaxis of endothelial cells. Gi proteins can lead to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway; PLF was found to stimulate MAPK activity, and this induction was blocked by both pertussis toxin and a specific inhibitor of MAPK kinase, PD 098059. Furthermore, a blockade of MAPK activation prevented endothelial cell movement in response to PLF. As PLF functionally interacts with the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II)/mannose 6-phosphate receptor, we also examined the effects of pertussis toxin and PD 098059 on another ligand for this receptor, a mutant form of IGF-II; both inhibitors also block the action of this factor on endothelial cells. These data suggest that chemotaxis initiated by PLF and mediated by the IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor occurs through a G protein-coupled pathway, and that MAPK activation is necessary for the chemotactic response.
A new approach to FIR digital filters with fewer multipliers and reduced sensitivity (1983)

A new approach to the design of efficient finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters is presented. The essence of the proposed method is to decompose the design problem into two parts: the realization of an efficient prefilter and the design of the corresponding amplitude equalizer. It is shown that this method can provide benefits in three areas: reduced computational complexity, reduced sensitivity to coefficient quantization, and reduced roundoff noise.
Effects of calorie restriction on life span of microorganisms (2010)

Calorie restriction (CR) in microorganisms such as budding and fission yeasts has a robust and well-documented impact on longevity. In order to efficiently utilize the limited energy during CR, these organisms shift from primarily fermentative metabolism to mitochondrial respiration. Respiration activates certain conserved longevity factors such as sirtuins and is associated with widespread physiological changes that contribute to increased survival. However, the importance of respiration during CR-mediated longevity has remained controversial. The emergence of several novel metabolically distinct microbial models for longevity has enabled CR to be studied from new perspectives. The majority of CR and life span studies have been conducted in the primarily fermentative Crabtree-positive yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, but studies in primarily respiratory Crabtree-negative yeast and obligate aerobes can offer complementary insight into the more complex mammalian response to CR. Not only are microorganisms helping characterize a conserved cellular mechanism for CR-mediated longevity, but they can also directly impact mammalian metabolism as part of the natural gut flora. Here, we discuss the contributions of microorganisms to our knowledge of CR and longevity at the level of both the cell and the organism.
Electronic Transport in Dye-Sensitized Nanoporous TiO2 Solar CellsComparison of Electrolyte and Solid-State Devices (2003)

This article compares the electronic transport properties of dye-sensitized solar cells using a liquid electrolyte with those of one using an organic hole conductor. Both types of solar cells differ by the reference energies for recombination and, in particular, by their recombination probabilities of photoinjected electrons from the titanium dioxide into the respective contact medium. For voltages below 0.8 V, the junction impedance of the electrolyte cell is dominated by diffusion and recombination of electrons from the TiO2 into the electrolyte. The impedance of the solid state exhibits a negative reactance, that is, an inductive behavior, which we attribute to conductivity modulation of the hole conductor by injected electrons.
Glycan Microarrays for Decoding the Glycome (2011)

In the last decade, glycan microarrays have revolutionized the analysis of the specificity of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs), providing information that simultaneously illuminates the biology mediated by them and decodes the informational content of the glycome. Numerous methods have emerged for arraying glycans in a "chip" format, and glycan libraries have been assembled that address the diversity of the human glycome. Such arrays have been successfully used for analysis of GBPs, which mediate mammalian biology, host-pathogen interactions, and immune recognition of glycans relevant to vaccine production and cancer antigens. This review covers the development of glycan microarrays and applications that have provided insights into the roles of mammalian and microbial GBPs.
Pharmacological Characterization of Aprocitentan, a Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonist, Alone and in Combination with Blockers of the Renin Angiotensin System, in Two Models of Experimental Hypertension (2019)

The endothelin (ET) system has emerged as a novel target for hypertension treatment where a medical need persists despite availability of several pharmacological classes, including renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockers. ET receptor antagonism has demonstrated efficacy in preclinical models of hypertension, especially under low-renin conditions and in hypertensive patients. We investigated the pharmacology of aprocitentan (<i>N</i>-[5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-[2-[(5-bromo-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]ethoxy]-4-pyrimidinyl]-sulfamide), a potent dual ET<sub>A</sub>/ET<sub>B</sub> receptor antagonist, on blood pressure (BP) in two models of experimental hypertension: deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats (low-renin model) and spontaneously hypertensive rats [(SHR), normal renin model]. We also compared the effect of its combination with RAS blockers (valsartan and enalapril) with that of the combination of the mineraloreceptor antagonist spironolactone with the same RAS blockers on BP and renal function in hypertensive rats. Aprocitentan was more potent and efficacious in lowering BP in conscious DOCA-salt rats than in SHRs. In DOCA-salt rats, single oral doses of aprocitentan induced a dose-dependent and long-lasting BP decrease and 4-week administration of aprocitentan dose dependently decreased BP (statistically significant) and renal vascular resistance, and reduced left ventricle hypertrophy (nonsignificant). Aprocitentan was synergistic with valsartan and enalapril in decreasing BP in DOCA-salt rats and SHRs while spironolactone demonstrated additive effects with these RAS blockers. In hypertensive rats under sodium restriction and enalapril, addition of aprocitentan further decreased BP without causing renal impairment, in contrast to spironolactone. In conclusion, ET<sub>A</sub>/ET<sub>B</sub> receptor antagonism represents a promising therapeutic approach to hypertension, especially with low-renin characteristics, and could be used in combination with RAS blockers, without increasing the risk of renal impairment.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2011)

Each year, more than half a million people worldwide receive a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma related to HCV is the fastest rising cause of U.S. cancer-related deaths. This review summarizes recent advances in prevention, surveillance, diagnosis, and treatment.
Monolithic 3D integration: A powerful alternative to classical 2D scaling (2014)

Monolithic or sequential 3D Integration is a powerful technological enabler for actual 3D IC design as the stacked layers can be connected at the transistor scale. This paper reviews the opportunities brought by M3DI and highlights the applications benefiting from this small 3D contact pitch. It also presents the technological challenges of this concept and offers a general overview of the potential solutions to obtain a high performance low temperature top transistor while keeping bottom MOSFET integrity.
Description of tantalum deformation behavior by dislocation mechanics based constitutive relations (1990)

Dislocation mechanics based constitutive equation constants are determined for temperature, strain rate, work hardening, and polycrystal grain size influences on the deformation behavior of various tantalum materials. An analysis of the maximum load point strain provides a useful method of determining the work hardening constants. Different athermal stress constants and thermal activation related constants are obtained for certain groupings of the different tantalum materials. The variations are correlated with the annealing history of the materials and related to dislocation model parameters involved in the thermal activation strain rate analysis. Computed tantalum deformation results based on these constants are shown to agree with Gourdin’s reported expanding ring test measurements and with the deformed shape of a Taylor cylinder impact test specimen.
6F<sup>2</sup> buried wordline DRAM cell for 40nm and beyond (2008)

We present a 46 nm 6F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> buried word-line (bWL) DRAM technology, enabling the smallest cell size of 0.013 mum2 published to date. The TiN/ W buried word-line is built below the Si surface, forming a low resistive interconnect and the metal gate of the array transistors. We demonstrate high array device on-current, small parameter variability, high reliability and small parasitic capacitances, resulting in an excellent array performance. The array device can be scaled down to 30 nm without compromising its performance.
Medical decision making for patients with Parkinson disease under Average Cost Criterion (2009)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common disabling neurological disorders and results in substantial burden for patients, their families and the as a whole society in terms of increased health resource use and poor quality of life. For all stages of PD, medication therapy is the preferred medical treatment. The failure of medical regimes to prevent disease progression and to prevent long-term side effects has led to a resurgence of interest in surgical procedures. Partially observable Markov decision models (POMDPs) are a powerful and appropriate technique for decision making. In this paper we applied the model of POMDP's as a supportive tool to clinical decisions for the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease. The aim of the model was to determine the critical threshold level to perform the surgery in order to minimize the total lifetime costs over a patient's lifetime (where the costs incorporate duration of life, quality of life, and monetary units). Under some reasonable conditions reflecting the practical meaning of the deterioration and based on the various diagnostic observations we find an optimal average cost policy for patients with PD with three deterioration levels.
CD4+CD25high T Cells Are Enriched in the Tumor and Peripheral Blood of Prostate Cancer Patients (2006)

Abstract In this study, we investigated whether CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells (Treg) are increased in the tumor tissue and peripheral blood of early-stage prostate cancer patients undergoing prostatectomy. We show that the prevalence of CD4+CD25high T cells inside the prostate was significantly higher in the tumor compared with benign tissue from the same prostate. Furthermore, the frequency of CD4+CD25high T cells in peripheral blood was significantly higher in prostate cancer patients compared with normal donors. A proportion of the CD4+CD25high T cells was also shown to be glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor, ICOS, and FOXP3 positive. Moreover, CD4+CD25+ T cells from blood and supernatants from cultured prostate tumor tissue samples exhibited immunosuppressive function in vitro. Furthermore, supernatants from cultured prostate tissue samples and prostate cancer ascites fluid induced migration of CD4+CD25+ T cells and were shown to contain the regulatory T cell chemokine CCL22 by ELISA. Our findings indicate that Tregs are an important cellular component of early-stage prostate tumors, and thus new therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibition or depletion of Tregs may improve prostate cancer immunotherapy.
Ultraspiracle: An invertebrate nuclear receptor for juvenile hormones (1997)

Juvenile hormones (JH), a sesquiterpenoid group of ligands that regulate developmental transitions in insects, bind to the nuclear receptor ultraspiracle (USP). In fluorescence-based binding assays, USP protein binds JH III and JH III acid with specificity, adopting for each ligand a different final conformational state. JH III treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a LexA-USP fusion protein stabilizes an oligomeric association containing this protein, as detected by formation of a protein-DNA complex, and induces USP-dependent transcription in a reporter assay. We propose that regulation of morphogenetic transitions in invertebrates involves binding of JH or JH-like structures to USP.
Lignin-degrading enzyme from Phanerochaete chrysosporium : Purification, characterization, and catalytic properties of a unique H 2 O 2 -requiring oxygenase (1984)

An extracellular lignin-degrading enzyme from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography. The 42,000-dalton ligninase contains one protoheme IX per molecule. It catalyzes, nonstereospecifically, several oxidations in the alkyl side chains of lignin-related compounds: C(alpha)-C(beta) cleavage in lignin-related compounds of the type aryl-C(alpha)HOH-C(beta)HR-C(gamma)H(2)OH (R = -aryl or -O-aryl), oxidation of benzyl alcohols to aldehydes or ketones, intradiol cleavage in phenylglycol structures, and hydroxylation of benzylic methylene groups. It also catalyzes oxidative coupling of phenols, perhaps explaining the long-recognized association between phenol oxidation and lignin degradation. All reactions require H(2)O(2). The C(alpha)-C(beta) cleavage and methylene hydroxylation reactions involve substrate oxygenation; the oxygen atom is from O(2) and not H(2)O(2). Thus the enzyme is an oxygenase, unique in its requirement for H(2)O(2).
The Diels—Alder Reaction with α,β,γ,δ-Unsaturated Acids (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Diels—Alder Reaction with α,β,γ,δ-Unsaturated AcidsN. C. DenoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 9, 4057–4059Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01165a061RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (356 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The Class B Scavenger Receptors SR-BI and CD36 Are Receptors for Anionic Phospholipids (1995)

The specific recognition of anionic phospholipids in the outer leaflets of cell membranes and lipoproteins by cell surface receptors may play an important role in a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes (e.g. recognition of damaged or senescent cells by the reticuloendothelial system or lipoprotein homeostasis). Several investigators have described anionic phospholipid binding to cells, and phosphatidylserine (PS) binding to a partially purified approximately 95-kDa membrane protein has recently been reported (Sambrano, G.R., and Steinberg, D. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 1396-1400). Using both direct binding and ligand competition assays in transfected cells, we have found that two class B scavenger receptors, SR-BI and CD36, can tightly bind PS and phosphatidylinositol (PI)-containing liposomes (Kd for PS liposome binding to SR-BI is approximately 15 micrograms phospholipid/ml or 0.18 nM (mol PS liposomes/l), but not phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, or sphingomyelin liposomes. PS and PI liposomes, but not the others, could effectively compete with PS liposomes and modified or native lipoproteins for binding to these receptors. Phosphatidic acid, another anionic phospholipid, could also compete, but was not as effective as PS or PI. Class B scavenger receptors are the first molecularly well-defined, specific cell surface receptors for anionic phospholipids to be described.
R428, a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of Axl Kinase, Blocks Tumor Spread and Prolongs Survival in Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer (2010)

Accumulating evidence suggests important roles for the receptor tyrosine kinase Axl in cancer progression, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and patient mortality, highlighting Axl as an attractive target for therapeutic development. We have generated and characterized a potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor, R428, that blocks the catalytic and procancerous activities of Axl. R428 inhibits Axl with low nanomolar activity and blocked Axl-dependent events, including Akt phosphorylation, breast cancer cell invasion, and proinflammatory cytokine production. Pharmacologic investigations revealed favorable exposure after oral administration such that R428-treated tumors displayed a dose-dependent reduction in expression of the cytokine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcriptional regulator Snail. In support of an earlier study, R428 inhibited angiogenesis in corneal micropocket and tumor models. R428 administration reduced metastatic burden and extended survival in MDA-MB-231 intracardiac and 4T1 orthotopic (median survival, >80 days compared with 52 days; P < 0.05) mouse models of breast cancer metastasis. Additionally, R428 synergized with cisplatin to enhance suppression of liver micrometastasis. Our results show that Axl signaling regulates breast cancer metastasis at multiple levels in tumor cells and tumor stromal cells and that selective Axl blockade confers therapeutic value in prolonging survival of animals bearing metastatic tumors.
Microphone array for hearing aids taking into account the scattering of the head (2002)

This work describes the design of a robust microphone array with respect to the acoustic scattering from a head. In this sense, robust means that the major characteristics of the microphone array, like its directivity pattern or its directivity index (DI), vary only to a limited extent if the array is placed close to the head. Four different endfire arrays with a fixed filter and sum beamformer are simulated. For the simulations, the head is modeled as a sphere. The filters are designed to optimize the DI under a constraint for the white noise gain (WNG). Optimized filters for the free field as well as for the sphere mounted array are used. It is shown that a short array (4 cm) with three microphones yield almost the same performance in free field as mounted close to a head. An intelligibility weighted DI (DI/sub AI/) of 7.0 dB is achieved with a minimum WNG of -6 dB. This result is verified by measurement of the directivity pattern and the DI of the array in free field and an eyeglass mounted on an artificial head.
Normalized Quantification by Real-Time PCR of Epstein-Barr Virus Load in Patients at Risk for Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders (2001)

The load of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of transplant recipients represents a predictive parameter for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). The aim of our work was to develop a rapid and reliable PCR protocol for the quantification of cell-associated EBV DNA in transplant recipients. In contrast to previous studies, a protocol that facilitated quantification independent of photometric nucleic acid analysis was established. We took advantage of the real-time PCR technology which allows for single-tube coamplification of EBV and genomic C-reactive protein (CRP) DNA. EBV copy numbers were normalized by division by the amount of CRP DNA, with the quotient representing the actual amount of amplifiable genomic DNA per reaction. Coamplification of CRP DNA did not result in a diminished detection limit for EBV. By using the protocol without normalization, EBV copy numbers in 4 out of 10 PTLD patients were within the normal range determined with data for 114 transplant recipients that served as controls. After normalization, however, all of the PTLD patients had a higher viral load than the control population, indicating an increased sensitivity of the assay. Moreover, EBV copy numbers obtained for one patient by conventional quantification and suggestive of relapsing PTLD were within normal range after normalization. We conclude that normalization of PCR signals to coamplified genomic DNA allows a more accurate quantification of cell-bound EBV.
Chemical Modulation of Peptoids: Synthesis and Conformational Studies on Partially Constrained Derivatives (2011)

The high conformational flexibility of peptoids can generate problems in biomolecular selectivity as a result of undesired off-target interactions. This drawback can be counterbalanced by restricting the original flexibility to a certain extent, thus leading to new peptidomimetics. By starting from the structure of an active peptoid as an apoptosis inhibitor, we designed two families of peptidomimetics that bear either 7-substituted perhydro-1,4-diazepine-2,5-dione 2 or 3-substituted 1,4-piperazine-2,5-dione 3 moieties. We report an efficient, solid-phase-based synthesis for both peptidomimetic families 2 and 3 from a common intermediate. An NMR spectroscopic study of 2a,b and 3a,b showed two species in solution in different solvents that interconvert slowly on the NMR timescale. The cis/trans isomerization around the exocyclic tertiary amide bond is responsible for this conformational behavior. The cis isomers are more favored in nonpolar environments, and this preference is higher for the six-membered-ring derivative 3a,b. We propose that the hydrogen-bonding pattern could play an important role in the cis/trans equilibrium process. These hydrogen bonds were characterized in solution, in the solid state (i.e., by using X-ray studies), and by molecular modeling of simplified systems. A comparative study of a model peptoid 10 containing the isolated tertiary amide bond under study outlined the importance of the heterocyclic moiety for the prevalence of the cis configuration in 2a and 3a. The kinetics of the cis/trans interconversion in 2a, 3a, and 10 was also studied by variable-temperature NMR spectroscopic analysis. The full line-shape analysis of the NMR spectra of 10 revealed negligible entropic contribution to the energetic barrier in this conformational process. A theoretical analysis of 10 supported the results observed by NMR spectroscopic analysis. Overall, these results are relevant for the study of the peptidomimetic/biological-target interactions.