gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VCSEL based high performance ATM switch (2002)

Large-broadband ATM switching nodes will require novel hardware solutions which could benefit from the inclusion of optical interconnect technology, since electronic solutions are limited by pin out and by the capacitance/inductance ofthe interconnections. This paper describes, analyzes and provides preliminary data from a new three stage free space optical switch which utilizes VCSELs for the optical interconnections, a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) as a reconfigurable shutter and relatively simple optics for fan out and fan in. A custom CMOS chip is required to introduce a time delay in the optical bit stream and to drive the VCSELs. Analysis shows that the switch should be scaleable to 1024 input and output channels. This size switch requires an array of 2048 VCSELs. A detailed optical power budget calculation indicates that each of the VCSELs in the array must have a maximum optical output of /spl sim/2 mW.
Induced Mutations of a Genetic Suppressor of Resistance to Wheat Stem Rust (1992)

A genetic suppressor of resistance to stem rust, Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. &amp; E. Henn., of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is on the long arm of chromosome 7D. Mutation or inactivation of the suppressor gene would allow expression of the suppressed resistance genes already present in hexaploid wheat or of resistance genes transferred to wheat from diploid or tetraploid relatives. Our objective was to induce a mutation of the suppressor gene and describe its inheritance. Seed treatment of the hexaploid wheat cultivar Canthatch (CTH) with ethyl methanesulfonate produced 15 stem rust‐resistant mutants. The mutant lines were tested for reaction to 13 races of stem rust, and crossed with CTH and 7D aneuploids of CTH and ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS). Parental, F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 seedlings were tested for reaction to race CRL‐QSH of stem rust. Similarity among the 15 mutants in reactions to 13 races of stem rust indicated that each of the mutants had a similar genetic alteration resulting in an inactivated or deleted suppressor gene. The suppressor gene mutations showed incomplete dominance and monogenic inheritance in crosses with CTH. One mutant was ditelosomic 7DS and lacked the suppressor gene. Allelism tests indicated that the mutated gene(s) in the other 14 mutants were at or near the same locus on 7DL. Crosses between the mutants and CS monosomic 7D or CS ditelosomic 7DS indicated that CTH may have three recessive genes for resistance that were inhibited by the suppressor. The mutant lines may permit the use of the suppressed genes for stem rust resistance in hexaploid wheat and related species to breed hexaploid wheat cultivars with improved resistance.
Petri net modeling and lagrangian relaxation approach to vehicle scheduling in 300mm semiconductor manufacturing (2004)

Instead of making decisions with fast but local dispatching functions, the increasing computing power and up-to-moment information provisioning have made possible real-time vehicle scheduling in an automated material handling environment in 300mm semiconductor manufacturing. To our best knowledge, this paper is the first work to adopt the scheduling approach to solve the 300mm vehicle transportation problems. We adopt Petri nets to model the coupling dynamics among transport jobs and OHT vehicles in an intrabay loop. The congestion phenomenon among OHT vehicles is captured. The OHT scheduling problem is then formulated into an integer programming problem whose goal is to efficiently allocate OHT vehicles to jobs such that average job delivery time is minimized. A solution methodology that combines Lagrangian relaxation and the surrogate subgradient methods [13] is developed. To reduce computational efforts in solving each subproblem optimally, an approximation method is developed to solve for subproblems. A heuristic algorithm is developed to adjust the dual solution to a feasible schedule. Numerical results demonstrate that our solution methodology can generate good schedules within a reasonable amount of computation time for realistic problems. Compared to a popular vehicle dispatching rule, our approach can achieve 25.6% improvements on the average delivery time in our realistic test cases.
A New Generation of Melan-A/MART-1 Peptides That Fulfill Both Increased Immunogenicity and High Resistance to Biodegradation: Implication for Molecular Anti-Melanoma Immunotherapy (2001)

Intense efforts of research are made for developing antitumor vaccines that stimulate T cell-mediated immunity. Tumor cells specifically express at their surfaces antigenic peptides presented by MHC class I and recognized by CTL. Tumor antigenic peptides hold promise for the development of novel cancer immunotherapies. However, peptide-based vaccines face two major limitations: the weak immunogenicity of tumor Ags and their low metabolic stability in biological fluids. These two hurdles, for which separate solutions exist, must, however, be solved simultaneously for developing improved vaccines. Unfortunately, attempts made to combine increased immunogenicity and stability of tumor Ags have failed until now. Here we report the successful design of synthetic derivatives of the human tumor Ag Melan-A/MART-1 that combine for the first time both higher immunogenicity and high peptidase resistance. A series of 36 nonnatural peptide derivatives was rationally designed on the basis of knowledge of the mechanism of degradation of Melan-A peptides in human serum and synthesized. Eight of them were efficiently protected against proteolysis and retained the antigenic properties of the parental peptide. Three of the eight analogs were twice as potent as the parental peptide in stimulating in vitro Melan-specific CTL responses in PBMC from normal donors. We isolated these CTL by tetramer-guided cell sorting and expanded them in vitro. The resulting CTL efficiently lysed tumor cells expressing Melan-A Ag. These Melan-A/MART-1 Ag derivatives should be considered as a new generation of potential immunogens in the development of molecular anti-melanoma vaccines.
Photoacoustic tweezers with a pulsed laser: theory and experiments (2005)

A novel noninvasive optical technique for manipulating particles and cells is presented that utilizes laser-generated forces in an absorbing medium surrounding the particles or cells. In this technique, a laser pulse creates near-object acoustic waves, which during interaction with the objects lead to then being moved or trapped. The main optical schemes are considered, and a theory is presented for this new optical tool, namely photoacoustic (PA) tweezer with pulsed laser. The magnitudes of forces acting on polystyrene particles suspended in water were estimated as a function of the particles' properties for circular and ring geometries of the laser beam. Results of our preliminary experiments demonstrated proof that the manipulation, trapping and even rotation of cells is possible with PA tweezers.
Remembrance Agent: A continuously running automated information retrieval system (1996)

The Remembrance Agent (RA) is a program which augments human memory by displaying a list of documents which might be relevant to the user’s current context. Unlike most information retrieval systems, the RA runs continuously without user intervention. Its unobtrusive interface allows a user to pursue or ignore the RA’s suggestions as desired.
Anti-idiotype cancer vaccines: pre-clinical and clinical studies. (1992)

We have previously shown that anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) that functionally mimic the epitope defined by anti-colorectal carcinoma (CRC) monoclonal antibody (Ab1) CO17-1A induce in cancer patients highly specific anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) which are Ab1-like in their binding specificity to tumor cells and antigen. Ab1 GA733, originally produced against gastric carcinoma, binds to the same antigen as Ab1 CO17-1A, but to a different epitope. Ab2 against Ab1 GA733 produced in goats have been previously shown in experimental animals to functionally mimic the epitope defined by the Ab1. For the purposes of studying immune responses, this Ab2 preparation was administered to 12 patients who had previously been diagnosed with CRC but whose tumors were excised prior to Ab2 therapy. Patients were injected subcutaneously with escalating doses (0.5-4 mg) of Ab2 precipitated to alum. Ten of the 12 patients produced antibodies to the administered Ab2. In six patients a fraction of these antibodies bound specifically to the Ab2 and not to normal goat IgG. These anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) shared idiotopes with the Ab1 and bound to antigen-positive, but not antigen-negative, cultured tumor cells. The Ab3 specifically inhibited binding of the Ab1 to tumor cells and therefore may bind to the same epitope as Ab1. Our studies demonstrate that Ab2 are highly specific modulators of cancer patients immune responses to their tumors.
Development of a high frequency single-element ultrasound needle transducer for anesthesia delivery (2017)

Epidural anesthesia is one of the most commonly used and yet challenging techniques employed for pain management and anesthesia delivery. The major complications of this procedure are due to accidental dural puncture, with an incidence of 1-3%, which could lead to both temporary and irreversible permanent neurological complications. Needle placement under ultrasound (US) guidance has received increasing interest for improving needle placement accuracy. However, poor needle visibility in US, difficulties in displaying relevant anatomical structure such as dura mater due to attenuation and bone shadowing, and image interpretation variability among users pose significant hurdles for any US guidance system. As a result, US guidance for epidural injections has not been widely adopted for everyday use for the performance of neuraxial blocks. The difficulties in localizing the ligamentum flavum and dura with respect to the needle tip can be addressed by integrating A-mode US, provided by a single-element transducer at the needle tip, into the B-mode US guidance system. We have taken the first steps towards providing such a guidance system. Our goal is to improve the safety of this procedure with minimal changes to the clinical workflow. This work presents the design and development of a 20 MHz single-element US transducer housed at the tip of a 19 G needle hypodermic tube, which can fit inside an epidural introducer needle. In addition, the results from initial transducer characterization tests and performance evaluation of the transducer in a euthanized porcine model are provided.
The Preparation of Substituted 1(2H)-Isoquinolinones from Dilithiated 2-Methyl-N-arylbenzamides, 2-Methyl-N-(arylmethyl)-benzamides, or 2-Methylbenzoic Acid, 2,2-Dimethylhydrazide (1997)

Abstract 2-Methyl-N-arylbenzamides (N-aryl-ortho-toluamides), 2-methyl-N-(arylmethyl)-benzamides (substituted benzyl, N-benzyl-ortho-toluamides), or 2-methylbenzoic acid, 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (ortho-toluic acid, N,N-dimethylhydrazide), were dilithiated with excess lithium diisopropylamide, and the resulting polyanion-type intermediates were condensed with aromatic esters followed by acid cyclization to the 3-substituted-1(2H)-isoquinolinones (isocarbostyrils).
Oligopyrimidine tract at the 5' end of mammalian ribosomal protein mRNAs is required for their translational control. (1991)

Mammalian ribosomal protein (rp) mRNAs are subject to translational control, as illustrated by their selective release from polyribosomes in growth-arrested cells and their underrepresentation in polysomes in normally growing cells. In the present experiments, we have examined whether the translational control of rp mRNAs is attributable to the distinctive features of their 5' untranslated region, in particular to the oligopyrimidine tract adjacent to the cap structure. Murine lymphosarcoma cells were transfected with chimeric genes consisting of selected regions of rp mRNA fused to non-rp mRNA segments, and the translational efficiency of the resulting chimeric mRNAs was assessed in cells that either were growing normally or were growth-arrested by glucocorticoid treatment. We observed that translational control of rpL32 mRNA was abolished when its 5' untranslated region was replaced by that of beta-actin. At the same time, human growth hormone (hGH) mRNA acquired the typical behavior of rp mRNAs when it was preceded by the first 61 nucleotides of rpL30 mRNA or the first 29 nucleotides of rpS16 mRNA. Moreover, the translational control of rpS16-hGH mRNA was abolished by the substitution of purines into the pyrimidine tract or by shortening it from eight to six residues with a concomitant cytidine----uridine change at the 5' terminus. These results indicate that the 5'-terminal pyrimidine tract plays a critical role in the translational control mechanism. Possible factors that might interact with this translational cis regulatory element are discussed.
Cyclic Carbopalladation. A Versatile Synthetic Methodology for the Construction of Cyclic Organic Compounds (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic Carbopalladation. A Versatile Synthetic Methodology for the Construction of Cyclic Organic CompoundsEi-ichi Negishi, Christophe Copéret, Shengming Ma, Show-Yee Liou, and Fang LiuView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 1, 365–394Publication Date (Web):February 1, 1996Publication History Received17 July 1995Revised30 September 1995Published online1 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr950020xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr950020xresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5591Altmetric-Citations623LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cyclization,Heck reaction,Hydrocarbons,Reaction products,Substitution reactions Get e-Alerts
Trafficking prerogatives of olfactory receptors (2003)

Olfactory receptors lead lives of exclusivity and privilege, the monarchs of fiefdoms organized solely to carry out their instructions. Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses one allele of one of approximately 1000 olfactory receptor genes. It is thought that olfactory receptor diversity is critical for the ability of animals to detect many thousands of odorants, but supporting functional evidence has been difficult to obtain because olfactory receptors expressed in heterologous cells are typically retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. The membrane trafficking entitlements enjoyed by olfactory receptors appear to be available only in mature olfactory sensory neurons. Evidence is accumulating that cell-type-specific accessory proteins regulate first the exit of olfactory receptors from the endoplasmic reticulum, and then the trafficking of olfactory receptors from post-Golgi compartments to the plasma membrane of the olfactory cilia where the receptors gain access to odorants. Critical olfactory receptor accessory proteins are known only in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, where the absence of a novel protein called ODR-4 or a clathrin adaptor, UNC-101, interferes with proper trafficking. Similar functional specificity also occurs in a parallel chemosensory system, the mammalian vomeronasal organ. Trafficking of the V2R type of vomeronasal receptors is mediated by a vomeronasal-specific family of major histocompatibility complex proteins. Removal of olfactory receptors from the plasma membrane may be regulated in a more conventional fashion because odor stimulation has been linked to receptor phosphorylation, to the function of G-protein coupled receptor kinase 3, and to an increase in vesicles retrieved from the plasma membrane.
Amyloid at the cutting edge: activation of α-secretase prevents amyloidogenesis in an Alzheimer disease mouse model (2004)

The amyloid beta-peptide (A beta peptide) is assumed to play a crucial and early role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Thus, strategies for a pharmacotherapy aim at reducing A beta peptide generation, which proteolytically derives from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The main targets so far have been beta- and gamma-secretase, the two proteases that cleave APP at the N- and C-terminus of the A beta peptide and are thus directly responsible for A beta peptide generation. A different strategy, namely the activation of alpha-secretase, has barely been investigated for its therapeutic potential. alpha-Secretase cleaves within the A beta peptide domain and thus precludes A beta peptide generation. Now, new results demonstrate that activation of alpha-secretase indeed reduces A beta peptide generation and toxicity in vivo.
Approximate Analytical Turning Conditions for Underwater Gliders: Implications for Motion Control and Path Planning (2010)

This paper describes analysis of steady motions for underwater gliders, a type of highly efficient underwater vehicle which uses gravity for propulsion. Underwater gliders are winged underwater vehicles which locomote by modulating their buoyancy and their attitude. Several underwater gliders have been developed and have proven their worth as efficient long-distance, long-duration ocean sampling platforms. Underwater gliders are so efficient because they spend much of their flight time in stable, steady motion. Wings-level gliding flight for underwater gliders has been well studied, but analysis of steady turning flight is more subtle. This paper presents an approximate analytical expression for steady turning motion for a realistic underwater glider model. The problem is formulated in terms of regular perturbation theory, with the vehicle turn rate as the perturbation parameter. The resulting solution exhibits a special structure that suggests an efficient approach to motion control as well as a planning strategy for energy efficient paths.
Grant, Hugh (Hugh John Mungo Grant) (1960–) (2006)

The figure of the handsome but flustered, bumbling bourgeois Englishman Hugh Grant tends to embody has proved especially attractive as a national stereotype in the USA. The narrow choice of parts Grant has had to date should not, however, prevent recognition of his genuine comedic skills and the amb
Pentostatin in Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (2005)

The suggested intravenous dose for a phase II study will be 1.5 mg/m2/d for 3 days. Pentostatin has activity in patients with steroid-refractory aGVHD that is worth exploring in future trials.
Implementation, evaluation, and applications of mobile mesh networks for platforms in motion (2009)

Our results indicate that genetic polymorphisms of IL-10 may influence susceptibility to cachexia in patients with low-third gastric cancer in this Chinese population.
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: A Paradigm for the Successful Treatment of Solid Tumor Stem Cells (2006)

Treatment of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) has been a success primarily due to the exquisite responsiveness of this solid tumor to cisplatin-based therapy. Despite the promise of cure for the majority of TGCT patients, the effectiveness of therapy for some patients is limited by toxicity and the problem of resistance. There is compelling rationale to further understand the biology of TGCTs in order to better treat other solid tumors and to address the shortcomings of present TGCT therapies. TGCTs contain undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells, known as embryonal carcinoma, that share many properties with human embryonic stem cells. The importance of cancer stem cells in the initiation, progression and treatment of solid tumors is beginning to emerge. We discuss TGCTs in the context of solid tumor curability and targeted cancer stem cell therapy.
Limited Proteolysis of Complement Protein C3b by Regulatory Enzyme C3b Inactivator: Isolation and Characterization of a Biologically Active Fragment, C3d,g (1985)

Limited proteolysis of C3b by C3b inactivator (factor I) consists of a two-step reaction; rapid cleavage of C3b to yield a nicked C3b derivative, iC3b, and followed by slow cleavage of iC3b to yield two antigenically distinct fragments, C3c and C3d,g. Using a fluorescence-labeled C3b as a substrate for I, we have investigated in detail the optimal conditions for the sequential cleavages of C3b by I. The pH optimum for the first cleavage was markedly affected by the ionic strength of buffers. The cleavage was maximum at pH 6.0 under physiological ionic strength but at pH 8.5 under low ionic strength (such as 1.7 mS). The second cleavage was a slow reaction and occurred only under low ionic strength and within a narrow pH range around pH 6.0. One of the products of the second cleavage, C3d,g, was isolated and shown to be a single polypeptide chain of 41,000 daltons with pI 5.0. C3d,g had leucocytosis-inducing activity, like C3d-k, which is a C3d fragment released by the action of plasma kallikrein. Trypsin digestion of C3d,g produced two fragments of 30,000 and 10,000 daltons and the 10,000-dalton fragment retained the leucocytosis inducing activity.
Gaze correction using 3D video processing for videoconferencing (2015)

In this paper, we propose a gaze correction method using 3D video processing techniques including depth estimation and virtual view synthesis. We design a set of color and depth cameras to reduce occlusion regions and improve the depth precision in the less-detailed region. The proposed algorithm deals with fully unsolved problems by fusing the depth data from both depth sensors. Furthermore, view synthesis is performed to create the gaze corrected image from the obtained depth information. Experimental results show our contribution is useful for videoconferencing.