gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colloidal Behavior of Proteins: Effects of the Second Virial Coefficient on Solubility, Crystallization and Aggregation of Proteins in Aqueous Solution (2005)

There has been an increasing awareness that proteins, like other biopolymers, are large enough to exhibit colloidal behavior in aqueous solution. Net attractive or repulsive forces have been found to govern important physical properties, such as solubility and aggregation. The extent of intermolecular interactions, usually expressed in terms of the osmotic second virial coefficient, B, is most often measured using static light scattering. More recently, self-interaction chromatography (SIC) has emerged as a method for rapid determination of B in actual formulations, as it uses much less protein and has higher throughput. This review will summarize the relationship of B to crystallization, solubility, and aggregation of proteins in aqueous solution. Moreover, the capability of SIC to obtain B values in a rapid and reproducible fashion will be described in detail. Finally, the use of miniaturized devices to measure B is presented.
Methylation of Histone H4 at Arginine 3 Facilitating Transcriptional Activation by Nuclear Hormone Receptor (2001)

Acetylation of core histone tails plays a fundamental role in transcription regulation. In addition to acetylation, other posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation and methylation, occur in core histone tails. Here, we report the purification, molecular identification, and functional characterization of a histone H4-specific methyltransferase PRMT1, a protein arginine methyltransferase. PRMT1 specifically methylates arginine 3 (Arg 3) of H4 in vitro and in vivo. Methylation of Arg 3 by PRMT1 facilitates subsequent acetylation of H4 tails by p300. However, acetylation of H4 inhibits its methylation by PRMT1. Most important, a mutation in the S-adenosyl-l-methionine-binding site of PRMT1 substantially crippled its nuclear receptor coactivator activity. Our finding reveals Arg 3 of H4 as a novel methylation site by PRMT1 and indicates that Arg 3 methylation plays an important role in transcriptional regulation.
Turning the Tables: Myc Activates Wnt in Breast Cancer (2007)

Previous molecular and genetic data implicate the c-myc gene as a critical downstream effector of the Wnt/TCF pathway in colon cancer. However, the involvement of c-myc in mammary epithelial cell transformation had not been explored. We recently showed that c-Myc induces a profound morphological transformation in human mammary epithelial cells accompanied by anchorage-independent growth. The mechanism of c-Myc transformation was revealed in part through the finding that, in contrast to colon cancer, c-Myc activates the Wnt pathway and endogenous TCF activity by suppressing the Wnt inhibitors DKK1 and SFRP1. Notably, DKK1 and SFRP1 were found to be strongly suppressed in human breast cancer cell lines, and their re-expression inhibited the transformed phenotype. We demonstrated that breast cancer cells become dependent on repression of the Wnt inhibitors for cell proliferation, i.e. they have acquired an "oncogene addiction", suggesting that the Myc-Wnt pathway is an attractive therapeutic target. We propose that a positive feedback loop of c-myc and Wnt signaling operates in breast cancer.
Osteocrin, a Novel Bone-specific Secreted Protein That Modulates the Osteoblast Phenotype (2003)

Although a number of secreted factors have been demonstrated to be bone regulators, none of these are unique to bone. Using a viral-based signal-trap strategy we have identified a novel gene we have termed "osteocrin." A 1280-bp mRNA encodes osteocrin producing a mature protein of 103 amino acids with a molecular mass of 11.4 kDa. Osteocrin shows no homology with any known gene except for two conserved sequence motifs reminiscent of dibasic cleavage sites found in peptide hormone precursors. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis confirmed the secretory nature of osteocrin. Two protein species were identified in the medium of cells overexpressing osteocrin, a full-length 11.4 kDa species and a processed approximately 5 kDa species. Mutation of the 76KKKR79 dibasic cleavage site abolished the appearance of this smaller osteocrin fragment. By in situ hybridization in mouse embryos, osteocrin was expressed specifically in Cbfa-1-positive, osteocalcin-negative osteoblasts. Immunohistochemistry on adult mouse bone showed osteocrin localization in osteoblasts and young osteocytes. By Northern blot analysis, osteocrin expression was only detected in bone, expression peaking just after birth and decreasing markedly with age. In primary osteoblastic cell cultures osteocrin expression coincided with matrix formation then decreased in very mature cultures. Treatment of cultures with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in a rapid dose-dependent down-regulation of osteocrin expression, suggesting direct regulation. Chronic treatment of primary cultures with osteocrin-conditioned media inhibited mineralization and reduced osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase expression. These results suggest that osteocrin represents a novel, unique vitamin D-regulated bone-specific protein that appears to act as a soluble osteoblast regulator.
New approach and tendencies for applications heat pump during a drying process (2002)

Heat pump dryers are attractive for the processing of heat sensitive materials since the drying conditions are easily controlled. Aside from being able to save energy this dryer design is based on an environmentally friendly technology. One of the challenges that today poses for R & D , is the design of compact processing plants or the design miniaturized plant components. Values critical and condensing temperatures for different refrigerant for pressure of 2,5 MPa and 4,0 MPa are presented. For different refrigerant are analyzing to exert influence temperature of air on the entrance chamber for drying, as agent drying, on specific moisture extraction rate, SMER, and coefficient of performance, COP, for conventional and transcritical cycle.
Dendritic Cells Infected with a Vaccinia Vector Carrying the Human gp100 Gene Simultaneously Present Multiple Specificities and Elicit High-Affinity T Cells Reactive to Multiple Epitopes and Restricted by HLA-A2 and -A3 (2000)

To investigate the ability of human dendritic cells (DC) to process and present multiple epitopes from the gp100 melanoma tumor-associated Ags (TAA), DC from melanoma patients expressing HLA-A2 and HLA-A3 were pulsed with gp100-derived peptides G9154, G9209, or G9280 or were infected with a vaccinia vector (Vac-Pmel/gp100) containing the gene for gp100 and used to elicit CTL from autologous PBL. CTL were also generated after stimulation of PBL with autologous tumor. CTL induced with autologous tumor stimulation demonstrated HLA-A2-restricted, gp100-specific lysis of autologous and allogeneic tumors and no lysis of HLA-A3-expressing, gp100+ target cells. CTL generated by G9154, G9209, or G9280 peptide-pulsed, DC-lysed, HLA-A2-matched EBV transformed B cells pulsed with the corresponding peptide. CTL generated by Vac-Pmel/gp100-infected DC (DC/Pmel) lysed HLA-A2- or HLA-A3-matched B cell lines pulsed with the HLA-A2-restricted G9154, G9209, or G9280 or with the HLA-A3-restricted G917 peptide derived from gp100. Furthermore, these DC/Pmel-induced CTL demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against allogeneic HLA-A2- or HLA-A3-matched gp100+ melanoma cells and autologous tumor. We conclude that DC-expressing TAA present multiple gp100 epitopes in the context of multiple HLA class I-restricting alleles and elicit CTL that recognize multiple gp100-derived peptides in the context of multiple HLA class I alleles. The data suggest that for tumor immunotherapy, genetically modified DC that express an entire TAA may present the full array of possible CTL epitopes in the context of all possible HLA alleles and may be superior to DC pulsed with limited numbers of defined peptides.
Efficient and universal scalable video coding (2003)

This paper proposes a unified efficient and universal scalable video coding framework that supports different scalabilities, such as fine granularity quality, temporal, spatial and complexity scalabilities. The proposed framework is established upon the recent studies in fine granularity scalable (FGS) video coding. It contains two key points. Firstly, in order to improve the coding efficiency of the proposed framework, more than one motion compensation loop is used. Since high quality references are introduced into the enhancement layer coding, the proposed framework can efficiently compress different-resolution video at different layers for the purpose of the complexity and spatial scalability. Secondly, the drifting reduction techniques are studied in this paper. This helps the proposed framework to maintain good performance at lower enhancement bit rates. By defining coding modes, a macroblock level control mechanism is developed to achieve a better trade-off between low drifting errors and high coding efficiency.
Immunological Specificity (1959)

The concept of immunological specificity based on a unique combination of natural globulins is an attractive alternative to the classical concept of unique globulin molecules for each possible antigen. Many hitherto separate facets of the antibody response such as antibody diversity, cross-reactions, natural antibodies, increased mitoses in lymphatic tissue, the anamnestic response, and immune tolerance may be related through the general thesis that antibody production is not a unique biological phenomenon but a highly specialized example of certain general cellular processes.
Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics (1957)

Information theory provides a constructive criterion for setting up probability distributions on the basis of partial knowledge, and leads to a type of statistical inference which is called the maximum-entropy estimate. It is the least biased estimate possible on the given information; i.e., it is maximally noncommittal with regard to missing information. If one considers statistical mechanics as a form of statistical inference rather than as a physical theory, it is found that the usual computational rules, starting with the determination of the partition function, are an immediate consequence of the maximum-entropy principle. In the resulting "subjective statistical mechanics," the usual rules are thus justified independently of any physical argument, and in particular independently of experimental verification; whether or not the results agree with experiment, they still represent the best estimates that could have been made on the basis of the information available.It is concluded that statistical mechanics need not be regarded as a physical theory dependent for its validity on the truth of additional assumptions not contained in the laws of mechanics (such as ergodicity, metric transitivity, equal a priori probabilities, etc.). Furthermore, it is possible to maintain a sharp distinction between its physical and statistical aspects. The former consists only of the correct enumeration of the states of a system and their properties; the latter is a straightforward example of statistical inference.
Role of fumaropimaric acid in guinea pig complement dependent and non-complement dependent biologic reactions. I. Inhibition of Forssman, reversed passive arthus, and PCA reactions by fumaropimaric acid. (1969)

Summary Fumaropimaric acid, one of a newly discovered group of potent, complement inhibitors has been shown to block the hemolytic activity of undiluted guinea pig serum when added in vitro , and after intravenous injection into guinea pigs. It also dissociates the activated trimolecular C′(5,6,7) a complex, preventing its chemotactic activity. When injected intravenously in doses of 600 mg/kg or less, fumaropimaric acid suppresses the complement dependent, systemic Forssman, cutaneous Forssman and reversed passive Arthus reactions. In the last reaction it was shown that complete inhibition could occur despite no interference with the formation of tissue-bound antigen-antibody complexes or the fixation of C′3 in vessel walls. Although the lysis of sensitized erythrocytes incubated with serum from guinea pigs injected with the drug was inhibited, this did not prevent the complement reaction from proceeding to and possibly through the EAC′la (4,2)a step. Thus, the ability of C′3 to be bound in sites of the Arthus reaction inhibited by fumaropimaric acid might indicate a block in the in vivo reaction beyond the C′3 step. It is not clear, however, whether the suppression of any of these complement dependent reactions is due to the effect of fumaropimaric acid on the complement system or on some other function(s) necessary for the expression of these responses. The PCA reaction in guinea pigs was markedly but incompletely inhibited by fumaropimaric acid. No difference was noted in the effects of the drug on the homocytotropic reaction caused by non-complement-fixing guinea pig antibodies or the heterocytotropic reaction caused by complement-fixing rabbit antibodies. In view of the evidence that guinea pig PCA given by these antibodies is not complement dependent, it is unlikely that fumaropimaric acid exerts its partial suppressive effect on the PCA by interferring with complement. Evidence is cited that makes it unlikely that the demonstrated direct antihistaminic effect of fumaropimaric acid is responsible for the suppression of the PCA.
Promotion of cutaneous wound healing by local application of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood (2010)

This study aimed to determine whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB) would promote cutaneous wound healing. MSCs from human UCB were isolated and identified. The characteristics of the isolated MSCs' growth and proliferation were assayed in vitro. The MSCs labeled with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) were applied on fresh cutaneous mice wounds. The healing rates were surveyed. The distribution and the differentiation into keratinocytes of the labeled MSCs in the wound tissue were checked by immunohistochemistry staining. The isolated MSCs could grow and proliferate well in vitro. The isolated MSCs from UCB could be labeled by 5-bromodeoxyuridine successfully. The MSCs derived from UCB could enhance the healing of mice skin defect wounds, and it was found that the implanted MSCs could differentiate into keratinocyte in the wound tissue. It was demonstrated that MSCs from UCB can be isolated and proliferated successfully. The local administration of MSCs derived from UCB improves skin defect wound healing in mice.
Lens distortion calibration using point correspondences (2002)

This paper describes a new method for lens distortion calibration using only point correspondences in multiple views, without the need to know either the 3D location of the points or the camera locations. The standard lens distortion model is a model of the deviations of a real camera from the ideal pinhole or projective camera model. Given multiple views of a set of corresponding points taken by ideal pinhole cameras there exist epipolar and trilinear constraints among pairs and triplets of these views. In practice, due to noise in the feature detection and due to lens distortion these constraints do not hold exactly and we get some error. The calibration is a search for the lens distortion parameters that minimize this error. Using simulation and experimental results with real images we explore the properties of this method. We describe the use of this method with the standard lens distortion model, radial and decentering, but it could also be used with any other parametric distortion models. Finally we demonstrate that lens distortion calibration improves the accuracy of 3D reconstruction.
On the dispersion of a solute in a fluid flowing through a tube (1956)

Abstract Sir Geoffrey Taylor has recently discussed the dispersion of a solute under the simultaneous action of molecular diffusion and variation of the velocity of the solvent. A new basis for his analysis is presented here which removes the restrictions imposed on some of the para­meters at the expense of describing the distribution of solute in terms of its moments in the direction of flow. It is shown that the rate of growth of the variance is proportional to the sum of the molecular diffusion coefficient, D, and the Taylor diffusion coefficient Ka2U2/D, where U is the mean velocity and a is a dimension characteristic of the cross-section of the tube. An expression for k is given in the most general case, and it is shown that a finite distribution of solute tends to become normally distributed.
Immune Effects of Bacterial DNA and Their Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Lupus (1999)

Since the discovery of anti-DNA antibodies in lupus approximately four decades ago, there have been many investigations into how these antibodies arise. Extensive studies demonstrated that DNA was a poor antigen and that it did not readily induce immune responses. On the other hand, DNA is a polyanion and, like other polyanions, such as dextran sulfate, can have a broad range of biologic effects. In recent years it has become clear that fairly minor structural differences in the DNA of vertebrates and bacteria can confer dramatic immune-activating properties, including the ability to induce production of anti-DNA antibodies. This chapter reviews the history of the immune effects of nucleic acids, the current state of this field, and its possible implications for our understanding of lupus pathogenesis.
Conclusions (1979)

Why did it happen?KeywordsPolitical PartyParty LeadershipVital DebateCentral PartyEUROPEAN RussiaThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
ManiWordle: Providing Flexible Control over Wordle (2010)

Among the multifarious tag-clouding techniques, Wordle stands out to the community by providing an aesthetic layout, eliciting the emergence of the participatory culture and usage of tag-clouding in the artistic creations. In this paper, we introduce ManiWordle, a Wordle-based visualization tool that revamps interactions with the layout by supporting custom manipulations. ManiWordle allows people to manipulate typography, color, and composition not only for the layout as a whole, but also for the individual words, enabling them to have better control over the layout result. We first describe our design rationale along with the interaction techniques for tweaking the layout. We then present the results both from the preliminary usability study and from the comparative study between ManiWordle and Wordle. The results suggest that ManiWordle provides higher user satisfaction and an efficient method of creating the desired "art work," harnessing the power behind the ever-increasing popularity of Wordle.
Local Myotoxicity of Bupivacaine in Rabbits After Continuous Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block (1993)

Brachial plexus blocks with bupivacaine caused reversible myotoxicity and inflammation in the rabbit. A week after the continuous blocks, muscle fiber regeneration had already started.
Exogenous Glucose–Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Worsens Post prandial Hyperglycemia in T ype 2 Diabetes (2009)

Compared with placebo, GIP induced an early postprandial increase in insulin levels. Intriguingly, GIP also induced an early postprandial augmentation in glucagon, a significant elevation in late postprandial glucose, and a decrease in late postprandial GLP-1 levels. Resistin and acetaminophen levels were comparable in both interventions. By immunocytochemistry, GIP receptors were present on human and mouse alpha-cells. In alphaTC1 cell line, GIP induced an increase in intracellular cAMP and glucagon secretion. CONCLUSIONS; GIP, given to achieve supraphysiological plasma levels, still had an early, short-lived insulinotropic effect in type 2 diabetes. However, with a concomitant increase in glucagon, the glucose-lowering effect was lost. GIP infusion further worsened hyperglycemia postprandially, most likely through its suppressive effect on GLP-1. These findings make it unlikely that GIP or GIP receptor agonists will be useful in treating the hyperglycemia of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Natural history of fetal rat cardiomyocytes transplanted into adult rat myocardial scar tissue. (1997)

This study demonstrated that cardiac tissue formed by transplanted fetal cardiomyocytes in the myocardial scar tissue decreased in size with time probably secondary to rejection.
Extracellular polymeric substances of the marine fouling diatomamphora rostrataWm.Sm (2001)

Amphora rostrata was grown under continuous illumination at 27°C in batch cultures using f/2 medium. Cell biomass (measured as chllorophyll a and cell counts) reached a maximum on day 7. Thereafter, cell biomass as chl a showed a small decrease. Planktonic('free') and biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from the adherent cells of A. rostrata were studied. Both types of EPS were produced during the logarithmic phase of growth. However, production was higher during the stationary growth phase. Enhanced EPS production was associated with nutrient deficient conditions. Planktonic and biofilm EPS were purified by gel filtration using Sephadex G‐200 and ion exchange chromatography using DEAE‐cellulose. Both polymers showed the presence of a single peak. Capillary gas Chromatographie analysis of both planktonic and biofilm EPS showed that fucose (36.7%) and galactose (27.6%) were the most abundant monosaccharides, with small quantities of rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose and glucose. Other chemical analysis showed the presence of sulphate, uronic acids, hexoamines, pyruvate and proteins in both the planktonic and bio‐film EPS. Uronic acid, pyruvate and sulphate together were found to contribute ∼50 to 60% (W/W) to the EPS of A. rostrata. Such a high content of non‐sugar components indicates their importance to the diatom in metal binding, desiccation prevention and flexibility.
Quantum Yields of Luminescent Lanthanide Chelates and Far-Red Dyes Measured by Resonance Energy Transfer (2001)

Luminescent lanthanide chelates have unusual spectroscopic characteristics that make them valuable alternative probes to conventional organic fluorophores. However, fundamental parameters such as their quantum yield, and radiative and nonradiative decay rates have been difficult or impossible to measure. We have developed a simple and robust method based on resonance energy transfer to accurately measure these parameters. In addition, the excitation/emission process in lanthanide chelates involves several steps, and we are able to quantify each step. These include excitation of an organic antenna, transfer of energy from the antenna to lanthanide, and then lanthanide emission. Overall, the parameters show that lanthanide chelates can be efficient long-lived emitters, making them sensitive detection reagents and excellent donors in resonance energy transfer. The method is also shown to be applicable to photophysical characterization of red-emitting dyes, which are difficult to characterize by conventional means.