gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein A reactivity with mouse immunoglobulins. Structural relationship between some mouse and human immunoglobulins. (1970)

Reactivity with staphyloccal protein A in normal mouse serum was localized to the electrophoretic γ region. After absorption of normal mouse serum with a protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus strain, Cowan I, the γ globulin line could not be detected by immunoelectrophoresis. Similar absorption of a mixture of Fab and Fc fragments from mouse γG localized the activity in the Fc piece. To define this protein A reactivity further, M-components isolated from various mouse plasma cell tumor lines were studied. All six γ2a, γ2b and γ3 mouse myeloma globulins tested reacted with protein A, whereas four M-components of the γ1, γA and γM mouse immunoglobulin classes did not react. One human IgD and one IgE myeloma globulin were also tested. Neither reacted with protein A. Protein A reactivity thus seems to be a characteristic of mouse γ2a, γ2b, γ3 globulins as well as human IgG-1, -2 and -4 globulins.
Thiazole Antibiotics Target FoxM1 and Induce Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells (2009)

Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) oncogenic transcription factor represents an attractive therapeutic target in the fight against cancer, because it is overexpressed in a majority of human tumors. Recently, using a cell-based assay system we identified thiazole antibiotic Siomycin A as an inhibitor of FoxM1 transcriptional activity. Here, we report that structurally similar thiazole antibiotic, thiostrepton also inhibits the transcriptional activity of FoxM1. Furthermore, we found that these thiopeptides did not inhibit the transcriptional activity of other members of the Forkhead family or some non-related transcription factors. Further experiments revealed that thiazole antibiotics also inhibit FoxM1 expression, but not the expression of other members of the Forkhead box family. In addition, we found that the thiazole antibiotics efficiently inhibited the growth and induced potent apoptosis in human cancer cell lines of different origin. Thiopeptide-induced apoptosis correlated with the suppression of FoxM1 expression, while overexpression of FoxM1 partially protected cancer cells from the thiazole antibiotic-mediated cell death. These data suggest that Siomycin A and thiostrepton may specifically target FoxM1 to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and FoxM1 inhibitors/thiazole antibiotics could be potentially developed as novel anticancer drugs against human neoplasia.
Stable, soluble, high-affinity, engineered T cell receptors: novel antibody-like proteins for specific targeting of peptide antigens (2005)

The recent development of T cell receptor phage display opens up the possibility of engineering human T cell receptors with antibody-like binding properties for cell-surface peptide antigens. In this review we briefly discuss recent developments in molecular targeting of peptide antigens. We then discuss potential clinical applications of engineered high-affinity T cell receptors in autoimmunity and cancer.
Breast cancer diagnosis using N2 laser excited autofluorescence spectroscopy (1997)

Our results suggest that a straightforward measurement of the total integrated fluorescence intensity can provide excellent discrimination between cancerous and benign/ normal breast tissues.
20 Years of Fatty Acid Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis (2014)

A review taking into account the literature reports covering 20 years of fatty acid analysis by capillary electrophoresis is presented. This paper describes the evolution of fatty acid analysis using different CE modes such as capillary zone electrophoresis, non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography employing different detection systems, such as ultraviolet-visible, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity, laser-induced fluorescence and mass spectrometry. In summary, the present review signals that CE seems to be an interesting analytical separation technique that is very useful for screening analysis or quantification of the usual fatty acids present in different matrices, offering short analysis times and a simple sample preparation step as inherent advantages in comparison with the classical methodology, making it a separation technique that is very attractive for quality control in industry and government agencies.
PEDIATRIC MORTALITY IN AFRICA: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA AS A CAUSE OR RISK? (2004)

The disability adjusted life year (DALY) approach of defining cause-specific health burdens is becoming the benchmark for international disease control prioritization. For malaria, this categorical approach may not fully capture its burden that includes chronic anemia, low birth weight, and enhancement of the severity of other childhood diseases. We investigated the extent to which malaria acts as a risk factor for all-cause mortality in African children less than five years of age from 1) ecologic associations between Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence (PR) and under-five mortality, and 2) reductions in all-cause under-five mortality achieved in malaria intervention trials. Across 48 demographic surveillance studies, when adjusted for secular trends, PR more than doubled all-cause mortality (P = 0.0001). Trials of insecticide-treated mosquito nets generally found smaller population-attributable fractions of pediatric mortality to malaria infection, which may relate to their imperfect coverage and efficacy. In conclusion, the disability and death burden due to malaria in African children could be higher than that detectable from cause-specific DALY estimations.
Epistasis between MicroRNAs 155 and 146a during T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity (2012)

An increased understanding of antitumor immunity is necessary for improving cell-based immunotherapies against human cancers. Here, we investigated the roles of two immune system-expressed microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-155 and miR-146a, in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. Our results indicate that miR-155 promotes and miR-146a inhibits interferon γ (IFNγ) responses by T cells and reduces solid tumor growth in vivo. Using a double-knockout (DKO) mouse strain deficient in both miR-155 and miR-146a, we have also identified an epistatic relationship between these two miRNAs. DKO mice had defective T cell responses and tumor growth phenotypes similar to miR-155(-/-) mice. Further analysis of the T cell compartment revealed that miR-155 modulates IFNγ expression through a mechanism involving repression of Ship1. Our work reveals critical roles for miRNAs in the reciprocal regulation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell-mediated antitumor immunity and demonstrates the dominant nature of miR-155 during its promotion of immune responses.
Cancer vaccines: an update. (2001)

This review summarizes the most recent findings and the future directions in designing cancer vaccines. The newest tumor-associated antigens and the most promising approaches to cancer vaccine development are discussed. We categorized them as follows: peptide vaccines, recombinant viral vaccines, DNA vaccines, dendritic cell-based immunotherapy, and the use of heat shock proteins and adjuvants. We focus on their advantages and disadvantages in addition to clinical potential.
Substrate Rigidity Modulates Cell–Matrix Interactions and Protein Expression in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells (2008)

Extracellular matrix rigidity modulates cytoskeletal structures, protein expression patterns, signal transduction, and fibronectin deposition in HTM cells. ECM changes altering trabecular meshwork resiliency may therefore have significant effects on ocular outflow tract functions with implications in glaucoma.
SERUM COBALT LEVELS AFTER METAL-ON-METAL TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY (2003)

Systemic cobalt release from Metasul metal-on-metal articulations was demonstrated throughout the five-year study period. The median serum cobalt concentrations were found to be slightly above the detection limit and remained in a constant range. The serum cobalt concentrations did not reflect a so-called run-in wear period of the metal-on-metal articulations.
Synthesis of Recombinant Human Single-Chain Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Variants Resistant to Plasmin and Thrombin (1988)

Single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA), a potential therapeutic reagent for thrombosis, is activated in plasma by plasmin. The activated enzyme is further digested by plasmin to generate low-molecular-weight urokinase (LMW-UK), which has no affinity for fibrin. To circumvent this dual effect of plasmin, we synthesized in Escherichia coli a variant of scu-PA, which is not converted to LMW-UK on treatment with plasmin. In another variant, the activation cleavage site was modified such that activation by plasmin was slowed down and that inactivation by thrombin was greatly diminished. The combination of these variants may be applicable as an effective thrombolytic reagent for clinical use.
Scientific evidence for application of topical hemostats, tissue glues, and sealants in hepatobiliary surgery (2005)

Kraus, Thomas W. MD, FACS; Mehrabi, Arianeb MD; Schemmer, Peter MD; Kashfi, Arash MD; Berberat, Pascal MD; Büchler, Markus W. MD, FRCS Author Information
Telomere Length, Telomerase Activity, and Replicative Potential in HIV Infection: Analysis of CD4+ and CD8+T Cells from HIV-discordant Monozygotic Twins (1997)

To address the possible role of replicative senescence in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, telomere length, telomerase activity, and in vitro replicative capacity were assessed in peripheral blood T cells from HIV+ and HIV- donors. Genetic and age-specific effects on these parameters were controlled by studying HIV-discordant pairs of monozygotic twins. Telomere terminal restriction fragment (TRF) lengths from CD4+ T cells of HIV+ donors were significantly greater than those from HIV- twins. In contrast, telomere lengths in CD8+ T cells from HIV+ donors were shorter than in HIV- donors. The in vitro replicative capacity of CD4+ cells from HIV+ donors was equivalent to that of HIV- donors in response to stimulation through T cell receptor CD3 and CD28. Little or no telomerase activity was detected in freshly isolated CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes from HIV+ or HIV- donors, but was induced by in vitro stimulation of both HIV+ and HIV- donor cells. These results suggest that HIV infection is associated with alterations in the population dynamics of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but fail to provide evidence for clonal exhaustion or replicative senescence as a mechanism underlying the decline in CD4+ T cells of HIV-infected donors.
Toxicity of the novel anti-peptic ulcer agent catena-(S)-[mu-[Na- (3-aminopropionyl)histidinato(2-)-N1,N2,Q:N tau]-zinc in male cynomolgus monkeys. (1993)

A preliminary dose-range finding study and a 13-week toxicity study were performed in male cynomolgus monkeys with catena-(S)-[mu-[N a-(3-aminopropionyl) histidinato (2-)-N1,N2,O:N tau]-zinc] (Z-103, CAS 107667-60-7), a novel anti-peptic ulcer agent, as part of a safety evaluation program. In the preliminary ascending dose study emesis was observed in animals treated at 625 mg/kg and transient reductions in food intake with associated body weight loss in a male treated at 625 or 312.5 mg/kg. Plasma zinc levels were also increased in all animals treated at 625 or 312.5 mg/kg. As a result dosages of 0, 20, 63 and 200 mg/kg/day were selected for the 13-week toxicity study. In this study, treatment-related changes were confined to the 200 mg/kg/day dosage and consisted of emesis, piloerection and transient body weight loss in one animal, increased plasma zinc concentrations, and zinc and copper deposition in the liver and kidneys without any associated morphological change. The no observed effect level was estimated to be 63 mg/kg/day in this study.
Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a retrospective study of 80 consecutive patients followed for 10 years. (2000)

Systemic onset JA may present with different clinical courses; the functional outcome is always good in subtype I (monocyclic), but can be poor in subtypes II and III. The severity of disability evaluated according to Steinbrocker classes is dependent on the cumulative duration of the active periods of the disease.
Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol on n ‐ and p ‐ GaAs and p ‐ InP . Effect of Crystal Face, Electrolyte and Current Density (1983)

Donnees sur la conversion de CO 2 en CH 3 OH en presence d'electrodes de GaAs-p et -n et d'electrodes InP-p et sur le rendement faradique en methanol, formaldehyde et methane
DNA polymorphism in Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, "wood pigeon mycobacteria," and related mycobacteria analyzed by field inversion gel electrophoresis (1989)

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis strains, mycobacteria from patients suffering from Crohn's disease, "wood pigeon mycobacteria," and representatives of Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare were compared by restriction endonuclease DraI digestion and field inversion gel electrophoresis. Characteristic profiles were seen for M. paratuberculosis, including isolates from patients suffering from Crohn's disease, for wood pigeon mycobacteria, and for M. avium-M. intracellulare serotypes 2, 16, 18, and 19. Two M. paratuberculosis strains used for vaccine production (St 18 and 316 F) presented patterns different from those of the other M. paratuberculosis strains. Strains St 18 yielded a pattern identical to that of the M. avium type strain serotype 2, whereas 316 F gave a unique pattern. The method developed in this study represents a useful taxonomic tool for the identification and classification of mycobacteria.
Lack of Wall Teichoic Acids inStaphylococcus aureusLeads to Reduced Interactions with Endothelial Cells and to Attenuated Virulence in a Rabbit Model of Endocarditis (2005)

Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are major surface components of gram-positive bacteria that have recently been shown to play a key role in nasal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. In the present study, we assessed the impact that WTAs have on endovascular infections by using a WTA-deficient S. aureus mutant ( Delta tagO). There were no significant differences detected between the isogenic parental strain (SA113) and the Delta tagO mutant in polymorphonuclear leukocyte-mediated opsonophagocytosis; killing by a prototypic platelet microbicidal protein; or binding to platelets, fibronectin, or fibrinogen. However, compared with the parental strain, the Delta tagO mutant adhered considerably less well to human endothelial cells, especially under flow conditions (70.3% reduction; P<.05). Beads coated with WTA bound to endothelium in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that WTA contributes specifically to this interaction. These in vitro data closely paralleled those from a rabbit model of infective endocarditis in which the Delta tagO mutant was compared with the parental strain. Clearances of staphylococcus from the bloodstream were equivalent, but the Delta tagO mutant showed a significantly reduced capacity to both colonize sterile cardiac vegetations (P<.05) and proliferate within these vegetations, the kidneys, and the spleen (P<.001). We conclude that WTA is an important factor in the induction and progression of endovascular S. aureus infection, likely through a specific interaction with endothelial cells.
A Study on Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluid on Long Chain Alkyl Ammonium Salt CSAa (2007)

Two VES fracturing fluids(FFs) on a chemical pure long chain alkyl ammonium salt,CSAa,are prepared and evaluated for their performance properties.Their composition in g of CSAa+NaSal+KCl+n-butanol per 100 mL water is 1.0+0.3+1.0+0.2 and 2.0+0.6+0.5+0.1 and these are notated as CSAa-FF-1.0 and CSAa-FF-2.0.In heat resistance tests at 170 1/s,the viscosity of CSAa-FF-1.0 decreases from 75.0 mPa·s at 30℃ to 37.5 mPa·s at 50℃ and of CSAa-FF-2.0—from 225 mPa·s at 40℃ to 110 mPa·s at 55℃ and to 65.0 mPa·s at 60℃.The viscosity of CSAa-FF-1.0 is reduced by 26% in 2 hrs shearing at 170 1/s and 42℃ and of CSAa-FF-2.0—by 9% in 2 hrs shearing at 170 1/s and 53℃.The measurements of proppant sedimendation velocity show that excellent proppant carrying capability(PCC) is observed for CSAa-FF-1.0 at 40℃ and 42℃ with viscosity of 60 and 54 mPa·s and for CSAa-FF-2.0 at 50℃ and 53℃ with viscosity of 180 and 145 mPa·s,respectively,meanwhile worse and bad PCC—for CSAa-FF-1.0 at 45℃ and 50℃ and for CSAa-FF-2.0 at 55℃ and 60℃.It is considered that for VES FFs high PCC originates from their micellar network rather than their increased viscosity.The breakdown of CSAa-FF-1.0 and-2.0 is also investigated.
Abnormal dendritic spine characteristics in the temporal and visual cortices of patients with fragile-X syndrome: A quantitative examination (2001)

Fragile-X syndrome is a common form of mental retardation resulting from the inability to produce the fragile-X mental retardation protein. Qualitative examination of human brain autopsy material has shown that fragile-X patients exhibit abnormal dendritic spine lengths and shapes on parieto-occipital neocortical pyramidal cells. Similar quantitative results have been obtained in fragile-X knockout mice, that have been engineered to lack the fragile-X mental retardation protein. Dendritic spines on layer V pyramidal cells of human temporal and visual cortices stained using the Golgi-Kopsch method were investigated. Quantitative analysis of dendritic spine length, morphology, and number was carried out on patients with fragile-X syndrome and normal age-matched controls. Fragile-X patients exhibited significantly more long dendritic spines and fewer short dendritic spines than did control subjects in both temporal and visual cortical areas. Similarly, fragile-X patients exhibited significantly more dendritic spines with an immature morphology and fewer with a more mature type morphology in both cortical areas. In addition, fragile-X patients had a higher density of dendritic spines than did controls on distal segments of apical and basilar dendrites in both cortical areas. Long dendritic spines with immature morphologies and elevated spine numbers are characteristic of early development or a lack of sensory experience. The fact that these characteristics are found in fragile-X patients throughout multiple cortical areas may suggest a global failure of normal dendritic spine maturation and or pruning during development that persists throughout adulthood.
Coordinate Transactivation of the Interleukin-2 CD28 Response Element by c-Rel and ATF-1/CREB2 (1998)

The interleukin-2 CD28 response element (CD28RE) acts as a composite enhancer, in conjunction with a 3'-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response element (TRE)-like element, to confer CD28 receptor-dependent inducibility to the interleukin-2 promoter in T-cells. When inserted as a single copy upstream of a basal promoter, this composite enhancer, termed the CD28RE-TRE, is both highly active and CD28-inducible in transactivation assays. A multicomponent nuclear protein complex that binds the CD28RE-TRE was isolated by DNA affinity chromatography from nuclear extracts of mitogen- and CD28 receptor-costimulated human T-cells. Immunological and biochemical analyses of this complex reveal the presence of c-Rel, ATF-1, and CREB2 as major DNA-binding components. Coexpression of c-Rel in combination with ATF-1, CREB2, or ATF-1/CREB2 leads to synergistic transactivation of a CD28RE-TRE reporter plasmid in quiescent Jurkat T-cells. Furthermore, CD28-dependent transactivation of the CD28RE-TRE is specifically inhibited by cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) dominant-negative expression vectors. Moreover, mutant promoter constructs in which the internal 5'-CD28RE and 3'-TRE-like sequences have been topologically positioned 180 degrees out of phase with one another show loss of mitogen- and CD28-dependent inducibility. Finally, the addition of the CREB-binding transcriptional coactivator p300 leads to a dramatic CREB-dependent increase in both mitogen- and CD28-mediated transactivation of the CD28RE-TRE. These findings demonstrate that full physiological responsiveness to CD28 receptor stimulation in T-cells is dependent on topologically linked sequences within the CD28RE-TRE composite enhancer and provide strong support of a direct role for the CREB family of transcription factors and p300/CREB-binding protein coactivator proteins in cytokine gene induction during T-cell activation.
Probing the Folding Pathways of Long R3Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (LR3IGF-I) and IGF-I via Capture and Identification of Disulfide Intermediates by Cyanylation Methodology and Mass Spectrometry (1999)

This report describes an integrated investigation of the refolding and reductive unfolding of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and its variant, long R(3) IGF-I (LR(3)IGF-I), which has a Glu(3) to Arg(3) substitution and a hydrophobic 13-amino acid N-terminal extension. The refolding performed in glutathione redox buffer was quenched at different time points by adjusting the pH to 2.0-3.0 with a 1 N HCl solution of 1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium tetrafluoroborate, which trapped intermediates via cyanylation of free sulfhydryl groups. The disulfide structure of the intermediates was determined by chemical cleavage followed by mass mapping with mass spectrometry. Six refolding intermediates of IGF-I and three refolding intermediates of LR(3)IGF-I were isolated and characterized. Folding pathways of IGF-I and LR(3)IGF-I are proposed based on the time-dependent distribution and disulfide structure of the corresponding trapped intermediates. Similarities and differences in the refolding behavior of IGF-I and LR(3)IGF-I are discussed.
Ultrafast pulsed laser ablation for synthesis of nanocrystals (2007)

Near infrared ultrafast pulsed laser is used to ablate pure metal and metal alloy targets in a vacuum chamber. We find that by optimizing the ablation conditions, as a direct result of ultrafast laser ablation, crystalline nanoparticles can be abundantly produced without intermediate nucleation and growth processes. Combining with different background gases, versatile structural forms can also be obtained for the nanocrystals. Using metal nickel as a sample material, we have produced Ni/NiO core/shell nanospheres and NiO nanocubes. We also study the production of alloy nanoparticles, which has been challenging in fabrication. We demonstrate production of nanoparticles containing up to three metal elements using ultrafast laser ablation. The laser ablation process is investigated using an ion probe in real-time. Nanoparticle samples are examined using atomic force microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy for morphological, structural, and chemical analysis. This study provides a simple physical method for generating nanoparticles with a narrow particle size distribution, a high particle yield, versatile chemical compositions and structural forms.