gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyridinderivate als Komplexbildner. XI. Die Thermodynamik der Metallkomplexbildung mit Bis‐, Tris‐ und Tetrakis[(2‐pyridyl)methyl]‐aminen (1977)

Pyridine Derivatives as Complexing Agents XI. Thermodynamics of Metal Complex Formation with Bis‐, Tris‐ and Tetrakis[(2‐pyridyl)methyl]‐amines. The equilibria between H + , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ and Ag + , and the ligands bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐amine (=DPA), tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐amine (=TPA), tris(6‐methyl‐2‐pyridylmethyl)‐amine (=TLA) and N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐ethylenediamine (=TPEN) have been studied. Only the stability constants of DPA and TLA with almost all these cations were obtained using the pH method. For the other ligands, the complexes are already formed in acid solutions and only the use of different ligand‐ligand or metal‐metal exchanges as well as of pM methods were successful. The protonation constants indicate that for DPA the protonation occurs firstly at the aliphatic nitrogen atom whereas in all other cases only the pyridine groups can be protonated. The thermodynamic functions of protonation are in agreement with this interpretation. The stability constants of the complexes are often similar in magnitude to those of the analogous aliphatic amines, in spite of the much lower basicities of the pyridine derivatives. The Fe(II)N 6 species of DPA and TPEN are appreciably more stable than those of the corresponding aliphatic ligands. This is due to the formation of low‐spin complexes with an unexpected Δ H value. Comparison of the thermodynamic data of formation of the complexes with TPA and TLA shows the effect of the three bulky methyl groups of the second ligand. As a consequence of steric hindrance and of the major dehydration, Δ H and less Δ S are more positive for M(TLA) 2+ than for M(TPA) 2+ . Therefore M(TLA) 2+ is normally much less stable than M(TPA) 2+ . The data for MnTPA 2+ and ZnTPA 2+ appear to indicate that in these complexes the coordination number of the metal ion is seven and four respectively. In addition to the complexes ML 2+ , with these two ligands hydroxo complexes ML(OH) + are formed at remarkably low pH. Further TPEN seems to be sexidentate in the 1:1 complexes with Mn 2+ , Co 2+ and Ni 2+ but quinquedentate in those with Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ , also in agreement with the spectra in solution and of the solid complex salts. The reaction: M(DPA) 2 2+ + TPEN → M(TPEN) 2+ + 2DPA is for all metal ions favoured by Δ H and Δ S , whereas in the case of the corresponding aliphatic ligands only by the second term. This result is explained in terms of a different magnitude of hydration of the two sexidentate ligands as a consequence of the presence of the hydrophobic aromatic rings in TPEN.
Specificity of the Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Protein 6-mediated Heavy Chain Transfer from Inter-α-trypsin Inhibitor to Hyaluronan (2004)

The formation of the hyaluronan-rich cumulus extracellular matrix is crucial for female fertility and accompanied by a transesterification reaction in which the heavy chains (HCs) of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IalphaI)-related proteins are covalently transferred to hyaluronan. Tumor necrosis factor-induced protein-6 (TNFIP6) is essential for this transfer reaction. Female mice deficient in TNFIP6 are infertile due to the lack of a correctly formed cumulus matrix. In this report, we characterize the specificity of TNFIP6-mediated HC transfer from IalphaI to hyaluronan. Hyaluronan oligosaccharides with eight or more monosaccharide units are potent acceptors in the HC transfer, with longer oligosaccharides being somewhat more efficient. Epimerization of the N-acetyl-glucosamine residues to N-acetyl-galactosamines (i.e. in chondroitin) still allows the HC transfer although at a significantly lower efficiency. Sulfation of the N-acetyl-galactosamines in dermatan-4-sulfate or chondroitin-6-sulfate prevents the HC transfer. Hyaluronan oligosaccharides disperse cumulus cells from expanding cumulus cell-oocyte complexes with the same size specificity as their HC acceptor specificity. This process is accompanied by the loss of hyaluronan-linked HCs from the cumulus matrix and the appearance of oligosaccharide-linked HCs in the culture medium. Chondroitin interferes with the expansion of cumulus cell-oocyte complexes only when added with exogenous TNFIP6 before endogenous hyaluronan synthesis starts, supporting that chondroitin is a weaker HC acceptor than hyaluronan. Our data indicate that TNFIP6-mediated HC transfer to hyaluronan is a prerequisite for the correct cumulus matrix assembly and hyaluronan oligosaccharides and chondroitin interfere with this assembly by capturing the HCs of the IalphaI-related proteins.
Proglucagon processing in porcine and human pancreas. (1994)

In the pancreas proglucagon (PG), a peptide precursor of 160 amino acids is cleaved to produce glucagon and a 30-amino acid N-terminal flanking peptide, but the fate of the C-terminal flanking peptide (99 amino acids) is incompletely known. We subjected acid ethanol extracts of human and porcine pancreases to gel filtration and analyzed the fractions with specific radioimmunoassays for the following regions of proglucagon: PG 62-69, PG 72-81, PG 78-87, PG 98-107 amide, PG 126-134, and PG 149-158. Based on these assays and successive purifications by high performance liquid chromatography we isolated and purified to homogeneity three porcine peptides which were subjected to mass spectrometry and sequencing. One peptide was PG 64-69. The second was PG 72-108, as determined by mass spectrometry, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and specific radioimmunoassays. The third had a molecular size of approximately 10,000, an N-terminal sequence corresponding to PG 72-81, and a C-terminal sequence terminating at PG 158 (specific radioimmunoassay). A similar peptide with an identical N-terminal sequence, a C-terminal sequence corresponding to PG 146-158, and a molecular mass of 9969 (theoretical mass for human PG 72-158 = 9971) was isolated from human pancreas together with small amounts of a peptide corresponding to PG 72-107 amide. Thus, the pancreatic processing of the C-terminal flanking peptide in proglucagon includes the formation of equimolar (to glucagon) amounts of PG 64-69 and PG 72-158 (major proglucagon fragment) and smaller amounts of N-terminally extended glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (PG 72-108 in pigs and PG 72-107 amide in humans).
Evaluation of a New Measure of Blood Glucose Variability in Diabetes (2006)

In a large SMBG database, the ADRR showed strong association with subsequent out-of-control glucose readings. Compared with other variability measures, the ADRR demonstrated a superior balance of sensitivity to predicting both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. This prediction was independent from type of diabetes.
The medical home: an idea whose time has come ... again. (2007)

Physicians, employers, legislators and payers think medical homes may be the key to health system reform.
Synthesis ofN-t-Butoxycarbonyl-4,4-dideuterio-L-proline (1986)

The title compound, which is useful for structural investigations of proline-containing peptides by 1H-N.M.R. spectroscopy, has been synthesized in five simple steps from N-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxyproline and designed for a maximal deuterium incorporation. The deuterium content was nearly 90%.
Psychological and Behavioral Correlates of Baseline BMI in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) (2002)

Many psychological and behavioral factors are associated with higher BMI in this ethnically diverse group of men and women. Whether strategies that help patients increase levels of dietary restraint and reduce binge eating and food craving lead to long-term weight loss maintenance needs longitudinal study.
Estimation of polyacrylamide gel pore size from Ferguson plots of normal and anomalously migrating DNA fragments. I. Gels containing 3 % N, N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (1991)

The mobilities of normal and anomalously migrating DNA fragments were determined in polyacrylamide gels of different acrylamide concentrations, polymerized with 3% N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide as the crosslinker. The DNA samples were a commercially available 123-bp ladder and two molecular weight ladders containing multiple copies of two 147-base pair (bp) restriction fragments, obtained from the MspI digestion of plasmid pBR322. One of the 147 bp fragments is known to migrate anomalously slowly in polyacrylamide gels. Ferguson plots were constructed for all multimer ladders, using both absolute mobilities and relative mobilities with respect to the smallest DNA molecule in each data set. If the retardation coefficients were calculated from the relative mobilities, and the rms radius of gyration was used as the measure of DNA size, the Ogston equations were obeyed and the gel fiber parameters could be calculated. The effective pore sizes of the gels were estimated from the gel concentration at which the mobility of a given DNA molecule was reduced to one-half its mobility at zero gel concentration. The estimated pore radii ranged from approximately 130 nm for 3.5% gels to approximately 70 nm for 10.5% gels. These values are much larger than the pore sizes previously determined for the polyacrylamide matrix.
Acoustophoretic force-based compressibility measurement of cancer cells having different metastatic potential (2013)

Mechanical properties of cells such as compressibility are regarded to be different as cancer cells progress into metastatic state. Traditional methods for measuring mechanical properties of single cells such as AFM and micropipette aspiration require labor-intensive procedures and can cause damage to cells due to direct contact, thus unsuitable for high-throughput measurement. Acoustophoretic force exerted on particles under acoustic-standing-waves depends on the particle and medium’s vibro-acoustic properties. Thus, cells with different mechanical properties show different mobility under acoustic resonant field, which can be analyzed to decipher the mechanical properties of cells. Here we present a high-throughput, single-cell-resolution, cell compressibility measurement approach based on acoustic-standing-wave-induced force, and the finding that head and neck cancer cells having different metastatic capacities show noticeable differences in compressibility. The acoustophoresis chip has a straight flow channel with a piezoelectric transducer attached at the bottom. Trajectories of moving cells in the channel under acoustic standing wave excitation in the absence of flow are recorded. By using a microfluidic acoustophoretic model, the simulated trajectories of cells are calculated. The mechanical properties of cells are estimated by fitting the experimental and simulated trajectories thereby. Cells with highest metastatic capacity showed highest compressibility, consistent with previously reported clinical observations.
ZnO composite nanolayer with mobility edge quantization for multi-value logic transistors (2019)

A quantum confined transport based on a zinc oxide composite nanolayer that has conducting states with mobility edge quantization is proposed and was applied to develop multi-value logic transistors with stable intermediate states. A composite nanolayer with zinc oxide quantum dots embedded in amorphous zinc oxide domains generated quantized conducting states at the mobility edge, which we refer to as "mobility edge quantization". The unique quantized conducting state effectively restricted the occupied number of carriers due to its low density of states, which enable current saturation. Multi-value logic transistors were realized by applying a hybrid superlattice consisting of zinc oxide composite nanolayers and organic barriers as channels in the transistor. The superlattice channels produced multiple states due to current saturation of the quantized conducting state in the composite nanolayers. Our multi-value transistors exhibited excellent performance characteristics, stable and reliable operation with no current fluctuation, and adjustable multi-level states.
Differential gene expression of cultured human osteoblasts (2001)

Human cells with osteogenic capacity were studied for differential gene expression. In the first part of the study we compared gene expression of marrow stroma cells (MSC) in comparison to matured osteoblasts cultured from trabecular bone (TBC) that were analyzed by RT-PCR for series of messages. High expression was detected for PTH-r, TGFb1 and biglycan in TBC compared to MSC's. The messages for c-MYC, IL-6, IL-11, M-CSF, osteonectin, and osteocalcin were expressed at the same level in the two populations of cells. In the second part of the study, we analyzed gene expression within the MSC derived from 25 donors (2.5-49 years old) with respect to donors' age and gender. Increased message levels for M-CSF and biglycan were measured in correlation with age of the donors. Gender differences did not affect the expression of cytokines studied (IL-6, IL-11, MCSF, TGFb1). We investigated the effect of Dexamethasone treatment on MSC and monitored an increased expression of IL-11, M-CSF, biglycan, and osteocalcin messages. This study employs primary cell systems (MSC and TBC) to illustrate differential gene expression by osteoblastic cells. The expression was correlated with maturation status of the cells with respect to differences between donors.
Digital Ocular Fundus Imaging: A Review (2011)

Ocular fundus imaging plays a key role in monitoring the health status of the human eye. Currently, a large number of imaging modalities allow the assessment and/or quantification of ocular changes from a healthy status. This review focuses on the main digital fundus imaging modality, color fundus photography, with a brief overview of complementary techniques, such as fluorescein angiography. While focusing on two-dimensional color fundus photography, the authors address the evolution from nondigital to digital imaging and its impact on diagnosis. They also compare several studies performed along the transitional path of this technology. Retinal image processing and analysis, automated disease detection and identification of the stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are addressed as well. The authors emphasize the problems of image segmentation, focusing on the major landmark structures of the ocular fundus: the vascular network, optic disk and the fovea. Several proposed approaches for the automatic detection of signs of disease onset and progression, such as microaneurysms, are surveyed. A thorough comparison is conducted among different studies with regard to the number of eyes/subjects, imaging modality, fundus camera used, field of view and image resolution to identify the large variation in characteristics from one study to another. Similarly, the main features of the proposed classifications and algorithms for the automatic detection of DR are compared, thereby addressing computer-aided diagnosis and computer-aided detection for use in screening programs.
Each hypersensitive site of the human beta-globin locus control region confers a different developmental pattern of expression on the globin genes. (1993)

We have tested the effect of the individual DNase I hypersensitive site (HS) regions of the globin locus control region (LCR) on the developmental expression pattern of the human gamma and beta genes in transgenic mice. The results show that HS3 is the most active site during the embryonic period. It is also the only site capable of high level expression of the gamma genes during fetal hematopoiesis, in a population of cells that are capable of expressing both the gamma and beta genes. Region HS4 shows the highest activity during the adult stage and expresses the gamma genes only at low levels during the embryonic period. HS2 drives equivalent levels of gamma or beta transgene expression throughout development. HS1 has a similar pattern to HS2, although the activity of HS1 is very low. From these results we conclude that the HS regions have distinct developmental specificities and suggest that in the complete LCR they interact with each other to form a larger complex which, in turn, interacts with the globin genes.
Protein identification methods in proteomics (2000)

A combination of high-resolution two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, highly sensitive biological mass spectrometry, and the rapidly growing protein and DNA databases has paved the way for high-throughput proteomics. This review concentrates on protein identification. We first discuss the use of protein electroblotting and Edman sequencing as tools for de novo sequencing and protein identification. In the second part, we highlight matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) as one of the main contemporary analytical methods for linking gel-separated proteins to entries in sequence databases. In this context we describe the two main MALDI-MS-based identification methods: (i) peptide mass fingerprinting, and (ii) post-source decay (PSD) analysis. In the last part, we briefly emphasize the importance of sample preparation for obtaining highly sensitive and high-quality MALDI-MS spectra.
Digital forensic of a cloud based snapshot (2016)

Researchers in the field of cloud forensics need to move away from insisting on acquiring all data as has historically been the case in computer forensics- and yet still be able to prove the accuracy, sufficiency and soundness of partially acquired data. Virtualization is considered to be one of the main pillars in providing cloud services. In some cases, investigators might end up having to rely on suspect Virtual Machine (VM) snapshots in the form of memory dumps and user activity logs. Then, in these cases the main challenge is to analyse these memory dumps without altering the evidence. In this paper, we propose a forensic process model based on the NIST model to examined the private cloud based VM snapshots (e.g. XenServer). Moreover, we examine snapshots using existing digital forensic tools and were able to successfully acquire data without the need to transform the snapshot files.
Open-label study of the safety and efficacy of naftifine hydrochloride 1 percent gel in patients with distal subungual onychomycosis of the fingers. (1993)

Optimal topical therapy for distal subungual onychomycosis is not available. An open-label study was performed to determine the safety and efficacy of naftifine hydrochloride (Naftin) 1 percent gel in patients with this disorder of the fingers. Ten patients with culture-proven distal subungual onychomycosis were treated twice daily for six months with naftifine hydrochloride 1 percent gel. At monthly intervals, the target nail was trimmed, the nail bed debrided, and global clinical assessment recorded. Following months three, six, and eight (two months after treatment), the target nail underwent evaluation with potassium hydroxide wet mount and fungal culture. After six months of therapy, eight of ten patients showed negative results of fungal culture and eight of ten patients showed clinical improvement. Adverse effects were minimal and included mild peeling in two patients and mild fissuring with transient fingertip numbness in one patient.
De Novo Generation of Escape Variant-Specific CD8+T-Cell Responses following Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Escape in Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection (2005)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) evades CD8(+) T-cell responses through mutations within targeted epitopes, but little is known regarding its ability to generate de novo CD8(+) T-cell responses to such mutants. Here we examined gamma interferon-positive, HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses and autologous viral sequences in an HIV-1-infected individual for more than 6 years following acute infection. Fourteen optimal HIV-1 T-cell epitopes were targeted by CD8(+) T cells, four of which underwent mutation associated with dramatic loss of the original CD8(+) response. However, following the G(357)S escape in the HLA-A11-restricted Gag(349-359) epitope and the decline of wild-type-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses, a novel CD8(+) T-cell response equal in magnitude to the original response was generated against the variant epitope. CD8(+) T cells targeting the variant epitope did not exhibit cross-reactivity against the wild-type epitope but rather utilized a distinct T-cell receptor Vbeta repertoire. Additional studies of chronically HIV-1-infected individuals expressing HLA-A11 demonstrated that the majority of the subjects targeted the G(357)S escape variant of the Gag(349-359) epitope, while the wild-type consensus sequence was significantly less frequently recognized. These data demonstrate that de novo responses against escape variants of CD8(+) T-cell epitopes can be generated in chronic HIV-1 infection and provide the rationale for developing vaccines to induce CD8(+) T-cell responses directed against both the wild-type and variant forms of CD8 epitopes to prevent the emergence of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape variants.
Disulfide Bonding in Protein Biophysics (2012)

It has been known for many decades that cell surface, soluble-secreted, and extracellular matrix proteins are generally rich in disulfide bonds, but only more recently has the functional diversity of disulfide bonding in extracellular proteins been appreciated. In addition to the classic mechanisms by which disulfide bonds enhance protein thermodynamic stability, disulfides in certain configurations contribute particular mechanical properties to proteins that sense and respond to tensile forces. Disulfides may help warp protein folds for the evolution of new functions, or they may fasten aggregation-prone flaps of polypeptide to protein surfaces to prevent fibrilization or oligomerization. Disulfides can also be used to package and secure macromolecular cargo for intercellular transport. A series of case studies illustrating diverse biophysical roles of disulfide bonding are reviewed, with a focus on proteins functioning in the extracellular environment.
Antisense protein kinase A RIalpha acts synergistically with hydroxycamptothecin to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in human cancer cells: molecular basis for combinatorial therapy. (2003)

The results showed that PKA-I activation by Gem231 and topoisomerase I inhibition by HCPT are responsible at the molecular level for the synergistic effects of tumor cell apoptosis and growth inhibition. These results demonstrated the molecular basis for the use of Gem231 and HCPT as combinatorial therapy to treat human cancer.