gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network support for application-oriented QoS (2002)

Addresses a dilemma raised by recent advances in networking technology, which provide support both for a rich variety of qualities of service (QoSs) and for applications that connect many end-points. Together these features encourage the development of complex multi-party applications that use a diverse set of data types. This raises a two-fold problem: how do application designers choose and specify the many QoS parameters that drive the ultimate performance of their applications; and how does the network efficiently manage its resources to support such a rich application mix? Our approach to this problem is to allow applications to be built around value-added services that encapsulate a variety of simpler resources. This enables both the specification of QoS in terms meaningful to applications, and global optimization of resource allocation across multiple streams and data types. We present a network architecture and a preliminary implementation that explicitly support the notion of application-oriented QoS for complex network services. The key concept is that of service brokers, which applications and service providers use to identify the network resources needed to meet QoS and cost objectives. Service brokers can incorporate a detailed understanding of an application domain, allowing them to make intelligent tradeoffs and to interact with applications and service providers at a high level. They can be hierarchical, in the sense that one broker can invoke the services of another broker. Finally, they provide the ability to deal with heterogeneous networks and hierarchical resource management.
Multifunctional pH-Sensitive Amino Lipids for siRNA Delivery (2015)

RNA interference (RNAi) represents a powerful modality for human disease therapy that can regulate gene expression signature using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Successful delivery of siRNA into the cytoplasm of target cells is imperative for efficient RNAi and also constitutes the primary stumbling block in the clinical applicability of RNAi. Significant progress has been made in the development of lipid-based siRNA delivery systems, which have practical advantages like simple chemistry and easy formulation of nanoparticles with siRNA. This review discusses the recent development of pH-sensitive amino lipids, with particular focus on multifunctional pH-sensitive amino lipids for siRNA delivery. The key components of these multifunctional lipids include a protonatable amino head group, distal lipid tails, and two cross-linkable thiol groups, which together facilitate the facile formation of stable siRNA-nanoparticles, easy surface modification for target-specific delivery, endosomal escape in response to the pH decrease during subcellular trafficking, and reductive dissociation of the siRNA-nanoparticles for cytoplasmic release of free siRNA. By virtue of these properties, multifunctional pH-sensitive lipids can mediate efficient cytosolic siRNA delivery and gene silencing. Targeted siRNA nanoparticles can be readily formulated with these lipids, without the need for other helper lipids, to promote systemic delivery of therapeutic siRNAs. Such targeted siRNA nanoparticles have been shown to effectively regulate the expression of cancer-related genes, resulting in significant efficacy in the treatment of aggressive tumors, including metastatic triple negative breast cancer. These multifunctional pH-sensitive lipids constitute a promising platform for the systemic and targeted delivery of therapeutic siRNA for the treatment of human diseases. This review summarizes the structure-property relationship of the multifunctional pH-sensitive lipids and their efficacy in in vitro and in vivo siRNA delivery and gene silencing.
Differential behavioral, physiological, and hormonal sensitivity to LPS challenge in rats (2008)

Abstract: In animals, systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a characteristic set of responses that has been termed sickness behavior. In the present study, the effects of a wide dose range of LPS injections on behavior and physiology were examined in rats. Male rats were injected IP with either saline or LPS (1, 5, 15, 50, 125, or 250 μg/kg). Body temperature, body weight, and home-cage activity were monitored over 24 h after injection. Behaviorally the social interaction and the saccharin preference tests were assessed at 2 and 24 h post-injection, respectively. Further animals were treated with LPS to assess hypothalamic–pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and immune system responses 2 h post-injection. LPS significantly reduced body weight (1 μg/kg and above), increased ACTH (15 μg/kg and above) and serum corticosterone levels (5 μg/kg and above). In addition LPS raised serum interleukins (5 μg/kg and above) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (1 μg/kg and above). Social behavior and preference for saccharin were significantly decreased at all doses of LPS tested (1–250 μg/kg) while a robust reduction in home-cage activity was observed starting at 15 μg/kg. The present finding suggests that LPS caused profound behavioral alterations and stimulation of the immune system even at very low doses. Keywords: sickness behavior, lipopolysaccharide, cytokines, ACTH, corticosterone, social interaction
Development of Degradable Fe-35Mn Alloy for Biomedical Application (2006)

As some biomedical problems require only temporary intervention, there is a clinical need for degradable biomaterials with excellent mechanical properties and controllable degradation behaviour. Although several works were carried out on both polymeric and metallic materials, no proposed degradable biomaterial fully satisfied these requirements. Therefore a new Fe-35Mn alloy has been developed as a valid and well suited alternative. The alloy was fabricated through powder metallurgy route followed by successive cold rolling and sintering cycles. This austenitic alloy exhibits a high strength and ductility, comparable to that of type 316L stainless steel. Its antiferromagnetic behaviour is not changed by cold deformation process. The alloy shows suitable degradation behaviour with a uniform corrosion mechanism and a slow release of ions that make it particularly well suited for the development of a new class of biodegradable stents.
Prevalence of left chamber cardiac thrombi in patients with dilated left ventricle at sinus rhythm: The role of transesophageal echocardiography (2012)

Dilation of left cardiac chambers offers a suitable terrain for thrombus formation. The high probability of LAA thrombosis should be kept in mind when designing the treatment strategy for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy at sinus rhythm.
Involvement of Ras GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-induced metastasis of breast cancer cells via the Smad signaling pathway (2015)

In situ models of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced carcinoma develop into metastatic carcinoma, which is associated with drug resistance and disease recurrence in human breast cancer. Ras GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), an essential Ras mediator, has been implicated in cancer development, including cell growth, motility, invasion and apoptosis. Here, we demonstrated that the upregulation of G3BP1 activates the EMT in breast cancer cells. Silencing Smads almost completely blocked this G3BP1-induced EMT, suggesting that this process depends on the Smad signaling pathway. We also found that G3BP1 interacted with the Smad complex. Based on these results, we proposed that G3BP1 might act as a novel co-factor of Smads by regulating their phosphorylation status. Moreover, knockdown of G3BP1 suppressed the mesenchymal phenotype of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis of 4T1 cells in vivo. Our findings identified a novel function of G3BP1 in the progression of breast cancer via activation of the EMT, indicating that G3BP1 might represent a potential therapeutic target for metastatic human breast cancer.
PX: supporting voice in workstations (1990)

The Personal Exchange (PX) research project, which explores an architecture to provide personal workstation users with dexterity in manipulating voice, is discussed. PX concepts and an initial implementation of the architecture are described. Both the hardware (workstation, telephone, circuit server, and workstation adaptor) and software (call-processing toolkit, voice-storage toolkit, voice-processing toolkits, and PX voice editor) are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Systematic identification of cell cycle-dependent yeast nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins by prediction of composite motifs (2009)

The cell cycle-dependent nucleocytoplasmic transport of proteins is predominantly regulated by CDK kinase activities; however, it is currently difficult to predict the proteins thus regulated, largely because of the low prediction efficiency of the motifs involved. Here, we report the successful prediction of CDK1-regulated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling proteins using a prediction system for nuclear localization signals (NLSs). By systematic amino acid replacement analyses in budding yeast, we created activity-based profiles for different classes of importin-alpha-dependent NLSs that represent the functional contributions of different amino acids at each position within an NLS class. We then developed a computer program for prediction of the classical importin-alpha/beta pathway-specific NLSs (cNLS Mapper, available at http//nls-mapper.iab.keio.ac.jp/) that calculates NLS activities by using these profiles and an additivity-based motif scoring algorithm. This calculation method achieved significantly higher prediction accuracy in terms of both sensitivity and specificity than did current methods. The search for NLSs that overlap the consensus CDK1 phosphorylation site by using cNLS Mapper identified all previously reported and 5 previously uncharacterized yeast proteins (Yen1, Psy4, Pds1, Msa1, and Dna2) displaying CDK1- and cell cycle-regulated nuclear transport. CDK1 activated or repressed their nuclear import activity, depending on the position of CDK1-phosphorylation sites within NLSs. The application of this strategy to other functional linear motifs should be useful in systematic studies of protein-protein networks.
Comprehensible rendering of 3-D shapes (1990)

We propose a new rendering technique that produces 3-D images with enhanced visual comprehensibility. Shape features can be readily understood if certain geometric properties are enhanced. To achieve this, we develop drawing algorithms for discontinuities, edges, contour lines, and curved hatching. All of them are realized with 2-D image processing operations instead of line tracking processes, so that they can be efficiently combined with conventional surface rendering algorithms.Data about the geometric properties of the surfaces are preserved as Geometric Buffers (G-buffers). Each G-buffer contains one geometric property such as the depth or the normal vector of each pixel. By using G-buffers as intermediate results, artificial enhancement processes are separated from geometric processes (projection and hidden surface removal) and physical processes (shading and texture mapping), and performed as postprocesses. This permits a user to rapidly examine various combinations of enhancement techniques without excessive recomputation, and easily obtain the most comprehensible image.Our method can be widely applied for various purposes. Several of these, edge enhancement, line drawing illustrations, topographical maps, medical imaging, and surface analysis, are presented in this paper.
Inter-Frame Coding For Broadcast Communication (2015)

A novel inter-frame coding approach to the problem of varying channel-state conditions in broadcast wireless communication is developed in this paper; this problem causes the appropriate code-rate to vary across different transmitted frames and different receivers as well. The main aspect of the proposed approach is that it incorporates an iterative rate-matching process into the decoding of the received set of frames, such that: throughout inter-frame decoding, the code-rate of each frame is progressively lowered to or below the appropriate value, and prior to applying or re-applying conventional physical-layer channel decoding on it. This iterative rate-matching process is asymptotically analyzed in this paper. It is shown to be optimal, in the sense defined in the paper. Consequently, the data-rates achievable by the proposed scheme are derived. Overall, it is concluded that, compared to the existing solutions, inter-frame coding presents a better complexity versus data-rate tradeoff. In terms of complexity, the overhead of inter-frame decoding includes operations that are similar in type and scheduling to those employed in the relatively-simple iterative erasure decoding. In terms of data-rates, compared to the state-of-the-art two-stage scheme involving both error-correcting and erasure coding, inter-frame coding increases the data-rate by a factor that reaches up to 1.55×.
Design of a wearable sensor badge for smart kindergarten (2003)

We describe the system design of "Smart Kindergarten", a smart problem solving environment for early childhood education. Two crucial building blocks that make up smart kindergarten are iBadge, a lightweight power-aware sensor-instrumented badge, and Sylph, a sensor middleware infrastructure. Equipped with sensors, radio, and DSP, iBadge has been designed to be worn by kids and teachers to unobtrusively capture the interaction between the kids and their surroundings. The captured data is then wirelessly transmitted to Sylph, a middleware infrastructure, which provides means of accessing the data in coherent and user-friendly manner. In this paper, we present the design challenges of iBadge and Sylph and our efforts in integrating these two systems.
Emission properties of the silicon cathodes coated with doped diamond-like carbon films (1997)

Summary form only given. To enhance the field emission of electrons from cathodes, coated by diamond-like carbon (DLC) films the emission properties of DLC-films, deposited on the plane silicon wafers and silicon tip arrays, have been investigated. The silicon tip arrays were formed by wet chemical etching on n-type Si and sharpened using method of surface oxidation. The DLC films were deposited at low temperature from CH/sub 4/:H/sub 2/:N/sub 2/ mixture using PE CVD. Nitrogen content in gas mixture was varied in wide range. As a result, the DLC films with different content of nitrogen have been obtained. For characterization of these DLC films on silicon, the different methods (namely, ellipsometry;, current-voltage dependences, IR spectrometry) have been used. The optical absorption spectra indicate on the creation the C-N bonds in N-doped DLC, and increasing of sp/sup 3/ bond contents have been observed.
Reduced Nitric Oxide Production and Altered Myocardial Metabolism During the Decompensation of Pacing-Induced Heart Failure in the Conscious Dog (1998)

Abstract —The aim of the present study was to determine whether cardiac nitric oxide (NO) production changes during the progression of pacing-induced heart failure and whether this occurs in association with alterations in myocardial metabolism. Dogs (n=8) were instrumented and the heart paced until left ventricular end-diastolic pressure reached 25 mm Hg and clinical signs of severe failure were evident. Every week, hemodynamic measurements were recorded and blood samples were withdrawn from the aorta and the coronary sinus for measurement of NO metabolites, O 2 content, free fatty acids (FFAs), and lactate and glucose concentrations. Cardiac production of NO metabolites or consumption of O 2 or utilization of substrates was calculated as coronary sinus-arterial difference times coronary flow. In end-stage failure, occurring at 29±1.6 days, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 25±1 mm Hg, left ventricular systolic pressure was 92±3 mm Hg, mean arterial pressure was 75±2.5 mm Hg, and dP/dt max was 1219±73 mm Hg/s (all P &lt;0.05). These changes in hemodynamics were associated with a fall of cardiac NO metabolite production from 0.37±0.16 to −0.28±0.13 nmol/beat ( P &lt;0.05). O 2 consumption and lactate uptake did not change significantly from control, while FFA uptake decreased from 0.16±0.03 to 0.05±0.01 μEq/beat and glucose uptake increased from −2.3±7.0 to 41±10 μg/beat ( P &lt;0.05). The cardiac respiratory quotient also increased significantly by 28%. In 14 normal dogs the same measurements were performed at control and 1 hour after we injected 30 mg/kg of nitro- l -arginine, a competitive inhibitor of NO synthase. O 2 consumption increased from 0.05±0.002 mL/beat at control to 0.071±0.003 mL/beat after nitro- l -arginine, while FFA uptake decreased from 0.1±0.01 to 0.06±0.01 μEq/beat, lactate uptake increased from 0.15±0.04 to 0.31±0.03 μmol/beat, glucose uptake increased from 8.2±5.0 to 35.4±9.5 μg/beat, and RQ increased by 23% (all P &lt;0.05). Our results indicate that basal cardiac production of NO falls below normal levels during cardiac decompensation and that there are shifts in substrate utilization. This switch in myocardial substrate utilization also occurs after acute pharmacological blockade of NO production in normal dogs.
Fluxgate: tuned vs. untuned output (1998)

Fluxgate voltage output contains information about the measured DC magnetic field in amplitude of even harmonic components. Tuning the sensor output causes the concentration of output energy to specific harmonics (usually 2f) and parametric amplification. A short-circuited output current fluxgate cannot be tuned, but it in principle requires less turns of the pick-up coil. The noise measurements performed on amorphous ring-core sensors show no significant difference between current-output and tuned voltage-output, and higher noise level for untuned voltage-output.
Spontaneous thrombosis in mice carrying the factor V Leiden mutation (2000)

A polymorphism in coagulation factor V, factor V Leiden (FVL), is the major known genetic risk factor for thrombosis in humans. Approximately 10% of mutation carriers experience clinically significant thrombosis in their lifetime. In a small subset of patients, thrombosis is associated with coinheritance of other prothrombotic gene mutations. However, the potential contribution of additional genetic risk factors in the majority of patients remains unknown. To gain insight into the molecular basis for the variable expressivity of FVL, mice were generated carrying the homologous mutation (R504Q [single-letter amino acid codes]) inserted into the endogenous murine Fv gene. Adult heterozygous (FvQ/+) and homozygous (FvQ/Q) mice are viable and fertile and exhibit normal survival. Compared with wild-type mice, adult FvQ/Q mice demonstrate a marked increase in spontaneous tissue fibrin deposition. No differences in fetal development or survival are observed among FvQ/Q,FvQ/+ or control littermates on the C57BL/6J genetic background. In contrast, on a mixed 129Sv-C57BL/6J genetic background,FvQ/Q mice develop disseminated intravascular thrombosis in the perinatal period, resulting in significant mortality shortly after birth. These results may explain the high degree of conservation of the R504/R506 activated protein C cleavage site within FV among mammalian species and suggest an important contribution of other genetic factors to the thrombosis associated with FVL in humans.
Key Determinants in the Occurrence of Clonal Variation in Humanized Antibody Expression of CHO Cells during Dihydrofolate Reductase Mediated Gene Amplification (2001)

Recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) parental clones expressing a humanized antibody against S surface antigen of hepatitis B virus were obtained by cotransfection of heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) cDNA expression vectors into dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-deficient CHO cells. When 23 representative parental clones were subjected to stepwise selection for increasing methotrexate (MTX) resistance, such as 0.02, 0.08, 0.32, and 1.0 microM, their clonal variations in regard to antibody expression were found to be significant. Among 23 parental clones, only one clone (hu17) showed the significant increment of specific antibody productivity (q(Ab)) with increasing MTX concentration up to 0.32 microM. Compared with the parental clone (hu17), the q(Ab) of hu17 resistant at 0.32 microM MTX (hu17-0.32) was enhanced approximately 12.5-fold. To clarify the reason for the occurrence of clonal variations, Southern blot analyses of chromosomal DNAs derived from each amplified clone at 0.32 microM MTX were performed. Only the hu17-0.32 clone did not experience severe genetic rearrangement during gene amplification, and it had only one 49-kb amplification unit including the LC and HC cDNAs. A fluorescent MTX competition assay showed that the resistance against MTX toxicity of the other clones without enhanced q(Ab) at 0.32 microM MTX was obtained by mechanisms such as an impaired MTX transport system. Taken together, the data obtained here show that clonal variations in regard to antibody expression are found to be significant because clones can acquire MTX resistance by mechanisms other than DHFR-mediated gene amplification despite the stepwise selection.
Rapid and Quantitative Assessment of Cancer Treatment Response Using In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging (2000)

Current assessment of orthotopic tumor models in animals utilizes survival as the primary therapeutic end point. In vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a sensitive imaging modality that is rapid and accessible, and may comprise an ideal tool for evaluating antineoplastic therapies. Using human tumor cell lines constitutively expressing luciferase, the kinetics of tumor growth and response to therapy have been assessed in intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous, and intravascular cancer models. However, use of this approach for evaluating orthotopic tumor models has not been demonstrated. In this report, the ability of BLI to noninvasively quantitate the growth and therapeutic-induced cell kill of orthotopic rat brain tumors derived from 9L gliosarcoma cells genetically engineered to stably express firefly luciferase (9LLuc) was investigated. Intracerebral tumor burden was monitored over time by quantitation of photon emission and tumor volume using a cryogenically cooled CCD camera and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively. There was excellent correlation (r=0.91) between detected photons and tumor volume. A quantitative comparison of tumor cell kill determined from serial MRI volume measurements and BLI photon counts following 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) treatment revealed that both imaging modalities yielded statistically similar cell kill values (P=.951). These results provide direct validation of BLI imaging as a powerful and quantitative tool for the assessment of antineoplastic therapies in living animals.
Functional interactions of aglycosylated monoclonal anti-D with Fc gamma RI+ and Fc gamma RIII+ cells. (1991)

Four human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to the Rh antigen D were produced in aglycosylated forms by culture of B-cell lines in medium containing tunicamycin (Tm-mAb). Erythrocytes sensitized with these or control mAb were compared in U937 rosette and monocyte chemiluminescence assays to determine Fc gamma receptor I (Fc gamma RI)-mediated functional activity, and in lymphocyte rosette and lymphocyte antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays to study Fc gamma RIII-mediated binding and lysis. Fc gamma RI-mediated interactions with Tm-mAb were greatly reduced compared with control mAb. All Tm-mAb failed to promote ADCC, although lymphocyte rosette formation was unaltered. The anti-D titre of Tm-mAb and their interaction with mAb JL512 (recognizing an epitope in the CH2 domain) were unchanged. These data suggest that glycosylation of IgG is required for CH2 domain interactions with both Fc gamma RI and Fc gamma RIII, but not for CH3 domain interactions with Fc gamma RIII.