gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bovine papillomavirus E1 protein can, by itself, efficiently drive multiple rounds of DNA synthesis in vitro (1995)

Bovine papillomavirus E1 protein was found to be as efficient as the simian virus 40 large T antigen in initiating DNA synthesis in a cell-free system derived from COS1 cells. Multiple rounds of DNA synthesis occur, initiated at the bovine papillomavirus type 1 origin. Therefore, E1 functions in vitro as a lytic virus initiator.
A large-tolerant single-mode optical fiber coupler with a tapered structure (1976)

An efficient and large-tolerant single-mode optical fiber coupler with a tapered structure is fabricated and studied experimentally. The maximum coupling efficiency of 95 percent and the tolerance in the coupling length of 2.5 mm permitting the coupling efficiency of more than 90 percent are obtained experimentally. The approximate analysis based upon a coupled mode equation is developed using a step transition model in order to describe the basic principle of this coupler.
Concepts and limitations in the application of radiolabeled antiandrogens, estrogens, or androgens as isotopic scanning agents for the prostate. (1975)

The distribution of labeled antiandrogens, estrogens, and androgens has been studied in the rat and dog to elucidate the principles and limitations encountered when these agents are used in radioscanning the prostate. The bulk of the label is rapidly cleared in the biliary secretions and in the urine. The concentration of label in the prostate in comparison to other tissues such as the intestines limits the application of these agents in radioscanning of the prostate. The tissue distributions were confirmed by total body radioscans of rats and dogs receiving a labeled 3'-iodinated analog of the antiandrogen flutamide (Sch 13521 or 3'-trifluoromethyl-4'-nitroisobutyranilide).
TMPRSS2-ERG Gene Fusion Causing ERG Overexpression Precedes Chromosome Copy Number Changes in Prostate Carcinomas, Paired HGPIN Lesions (2006)

TMPRSS2-ETS gene fusions have been found recurrently in prostate carcinomas, but not in the presumed precursor lesion, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). However, HGPIN lesions may share chromosomal changes with prostate cancer. To determine the relative order of genetic events in prostate carcinogenesis, we have analyzed 34 prostate carcinomas, 19 paired HGPIN lesions, 14 benign prostate hyperplasias, and 11 morphologically normal prostatic tissues for TMPRSS2-ERG and TMPRSS2-ETV1 rearrangements and genomic imbalances. TMPRSS2 exon 1 was fused in-frame with ERG exon 4 in 17 of 34 (50%) prostate carcinomas and in 4 of 19 (21%) HGPIN lesions, but in none of controls. The findings were further validated by sequencing analysis and by the real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript and the ERG exons 5/6:exons 1/2 expression ratio. Chromosome copy number changes were detected by comparative genomic hybridization in 42% of clinically confined carcinomas and in none of the 16 HGPIN lesions analyzed. We demonstrate for the first time that the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene can be detected in a proportion of HGPIN lesions and that this molecular rearrangement is an early event that may precede chromosome-level alterations in prostate carcinogenesis.
The association of the expression of MTA1, nm23H1 with the invasion, metastasis of ovarian carcinoma. (2003)

The mRNA expression of MTA1 and nm23H1 is positively and negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis, respectively. Expression abnormalities but not mutation of the two genes are frequent events related to lymph node metastasis of ovarian cancer.
Cellular Uptake, Intracellular Trafficking, and Cytotoxicity of Nanomaterials (2011)

The interactions of nanoparticles with the soft surfaces of biological systems like cells play key roles in executing their biomedical functions and in toxicity. The discovery or design of new biomedical functions, or the prediction of the toxicological consequences of nanoparticles in vivo, first require knowledge of the interplay processes of the nanoparticles with the target cells. This article focusses on the cellular uptake, location and translocation, and any biological consequences, such as cytotoxicity, of the most widely studied and used nanoparticles, such as carbon-based nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and quantum dots. The relevance of the size and shape, composition, charge, and surface chemistry of the nanoparticles in cells is considered. The intracellular uptake pathways of the nanoparticles and the cellular responses, with potential signaling pathways activated by nanoparticle interactions, are also discussed.
The Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L11 suppresses release factor 2 but promotes the release factor 1 activities in peptide chain termination. (1983)

The incubation of the 50 S ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli with 1.5 M LiCl yields 1.5c core particles depleted in 14 proteins and inactive in peptide chain termination. In codon-dependent peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis the release factor 1 (RF-1)-induced reaction essentially depends on both L11 and L16 whereas the release factor 2 (RF-2)-induced reaction is depressed by L11 and stimulated by L16. Omission of L11 results in a several-fold increase in the specific activity of the RF-2. Functional complexes are formed with RF-2 at an apparent Km (dissociation constant) for the termination codon 5-fold lower than with reconstituted ribosomes containing L11; the Vmax for the hydrolysis is unchanged. L11 suppresses this effect when added to the core at close to molar equivalence. In contrast, RF-1 has a very low activity if ribosomes lack L11 and this can be restored by titration of L11 back to the core. This is the first example of a differential or an opposite effect of a ribosomal component on the activities of the two release factors, and the studies suggest that L11 has a critical role in the binding domain for the two factors.
Les peptides anti-bactériens, une altenative aux antibiotiques ? (2008)

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The half-lives of IgG subclasses and specific antibodies in patients with primary immunodeficiency who are receiving intravenously administered immunoglobulin. (1988)

With the increased use of immunoglobulin for intravenous use (IGIV) as replacement therapy for patients with primary immunodeficiencies, a natural concern is whether such preparations demonstrate a normal turnover rate with regard to total IgG, individual IgG subclasses, and specific antibody titers. We have conducted such a pharmacokinetic study on a cohort of eight patients with an IGIV preparation, Gammagard. For total IgG, the half-life found was 25.8 days; for IgG1 it was 29.7 days; for IgG2 it was 26.9 days; and for IgG3 it was 15.7 days. The results are similar to those reported for endogeneous IgG. Half-lives for antibodies to S. minnesota (Re 595 mutant), cytomegalovirus, and S. pneumoniae were of the same order of magnitude as that for total IgG. We conclude that this IGIV preparation is catabolized in patients with primary immunodeficiency at a rate similar to that of native IgG in normal individuals.
Quality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 12900 (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTQuality Assurance in Analytical Chemistry J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 12900W. Funk, V. Dammann, and G. DonnevertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 43, 10678Publication Date (Web):October 30, 1996Publication History Published online30 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja965441qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja965441qcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (20 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 1.75-GHz/3-V dual-modulus divide-by-128/129 prescaler in 0.7-μm CMOS (1996)

A dual-modulus divide-by-128/129 prescaler has been developed in a 0.7-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. A new circuit technique enables the limitation of the high-speed section of the prescaler to only one divide-by-two flipflop. In that way, a dual-modulus prescaler with the same speed as an asynchronous divider can be obtained. The measured maximum input frequency of the prescaler is up to 2.65 GHz at 5 V power supply voltage. Running at a power supply of 3 V, the circuit consumes 8 mA at a minimum input frequency of 1.75 GHz.
A structure–activity investigation of hemifluorinated bifunctional bolaamphiphiles designed for gene delivery (2008)

A new series of dissymmetric hemifluorocarbon bolaamphiphiles were designed to investigate their main characteristics as a non-viral gene transfer carrier. The dissymmetric functionalization of diiodoperfluorooctane led to bolaamphiphile molecules composed of a partially fluorocarbon core end-capped with a glycoside and an ammonium salt. The physical–chemical results, cytotoxic effect, gene complexation and transfection efficiency were analyzed and functional relationships were addressed. The study clearly showed that the chemical structure of bolaamphiphiles influences the complexation with DNA, gene transfer, and cytotoxicity. Two different polar head groups (histidine and lysine) have been tested for their efficiency to complex DNA. The impact of the side chain of bolaamphiphile on the interaction with DNA was also investigated. Good transfection activity was demonstrated for partially fluorinated bolaamphiphile having lysine head group. Weak cell cytotoxicity, positive surface charge of bolaplexes, well-defined structure, and protection from the DNAses seem to be essential characteristics for efficient transfection.
Overexpression, purification, and mechanistic study of UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine reductase (1993)

The recently isolated Escherichia coli murB gene (Pucci et al., 1992) has been cloned into an expression vector and the encoded UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine reductase (EC 1.1.1.158) was overproduced to about 10% of soluble cell protein. The encoded 38-kDa protein has been purified to near homogeneity. It was found to be a monomer and to contain stoichiometric amounts of bound FAD which is reducible in catalytic turnover. The enzyme utilizes the 4-pro-S hydrogen of NADPH to reduce the enolpyruvyl group of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvate to the lactyl ether in UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid. NMR analysis of products from 2H2O and 4S-[2H]NADPH incubations establishes that a hydride from NADPH via E.FADH2 is transferred to the beta-methyl of the 3-O-lactyl moiety and a proton from solvent to the alpha-carbon of the lactyl moiety of UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid. A mechanism for this unusual enolether reduction in bacterial cell wall assembly is proposed.
The primary mechanism of attenuation of bacillus Calmette–Guérin is a loss of secreted lytic function required for invasion of lung interstitial tissue (2003)

Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of death worldwide, despite the availability of effective chemotherapy and a vaccine. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the tuberculosis vaccine, is an attenuated mutant of Mycobacterium bovis that was isolated after serial subcultures, yet the functional basis for this attenuation has never been elucidated. A single region (RD1), which is absent in all BCG substrains, was deleted from virulent M. bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, and the resulting DeltaRD1 mutants were significantly attenuated for virulence in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice. The M. tuberculosis DeltaRD1 mutants were also shown to protect mice against aerosol challenge, in a similar manner to BCG. Interestingly, the DeltaRD1 mutants failed to cause cytolysis of pneumocytes, a phenotype that had been previously used to distinguish virulent M. tuberculosis from BCG. A specific transposon mutation, which disrupts the Rv3874 Rv3875 (cfp-10 esat-6) operon of RD1, also caused loss of the cytolytic phenotype in both pneumocytes and macrophages. This mutation resulted in the attenuation of virulence in mice, as the result of reduced tissue invasiveness. Moreover, specific deletion of each transcriptional unit of RD1 revealed that three independent transcriptional units are required for virulence, two of which are involved in the secretion of ESAT-6 (6-kDa early secretory antigenic target). We conclude that the primary attenuating mechanism of bacillus Calmette-Guérin is the loss of cytolytic activity mediated by secreted ESAT-6, which results in reduced tissue invasiveness.
Experimental animal infections with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum (1977)

Subcutaneous tissue cavities in mice and guinea pigs were infected with human isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. The minimal infective dose for M. hominis was as low as less than 10 color-changing units (CCU) for mice and 10(2) CCU for guinea pigs. The minimal infective dose for U. urealyticum was as low as less than 10 CCU for mice and 10(4) CCU for guinea pigs. Mouse infections with either U. urealyticum or M. hominis persisted for 1 day to greater than 4 months. Guinea pigs remained infected for up to 4 weeks. Two M. hominis isolates were similar in their ability to infect subcutaneous tissue cavities but two U. urealyticum isolates varied in their ability to infect the cavities. The histopathology of the M. hominis and U. urealyticum infections was similar: an initial intense polymorphonuclear response with giant cells, followed in 4 weeks by histiocytes and giant cells with some plasma cells and lymphocytes.
Frequency selective surfaces on biased ferrite substrates (1994)

The frequency characteristics of frequency selective surfaces printed on ferrite substrates are discussed. The application of a DC magnetic bias field to the ferrite allows tuning of the resonance frequency by several gigahertz.
Vidarabine Therapy of Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection (1980)

Vidarabine (adenine arabinoside) was evaluated for treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in a randomized controlled study. Of 56 infected newborns, 13 had infection of skin, eye, or mouth only, 16 had localized brain disease (CNS), and 27 had disseminated disease. Both treatment and placebo groups were comparable by disease distribution and for major population characteristics. Because of the severity of CNS and disseminated disease, these groups were combined for mortality assessment. Mortality was significantly reduced in babies with CNS and disseminated disease from 74% to 38% with drug therapy, P = .014. Outcome in babies with disseminated disease alone, although improved, was poor. Death rate was reduced from 85% to 57% with therapy. Only 14% of drug and 8% of placebo recipients were assessed as normal at 1 year of age. Outcome was better with localized CNS disease; mortality was reduced from 50% to 10%. With treatment, 50% of infected newborns were normal and without only 17%. With skin, eye, or mouth infection death did not occur; however, severe sequelae occurred in 38% of placebo and minor sequelae in 25% of drug recipients. No evidence of acute toxicity was identified in this study. Thus, a beneficial effect of vidarabine therapy on neonatal herpes simplex infection is similar to that evident with therapy of herpes simplex encephalitis occurring in older individuals. Nevertheless, improvement in the mode of therapy or the development of more potent antiviral drugs is essential.
A review of dielectric polymer composites with high thermal conductivity (2011)

The continuing miniaturization of electronic devices and the increasing power output of electrical equipment have created new challenges in packaging and insulating materials. The key goals are to develop materials with high thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), low dielectric con stant, high electrical resistivity, high breakdown strength, and most importantly, low cost. Polymeric materials have attracted increasing interest because of their excellent processability and low cost; however, most polymers are thermally insulating and have a thermal conductivity between 0.1 and 0.5 W-m-ι-K"1. One approach to increase the thermal conductivity of a polymer is to introduce high-thermal-conductivity fillers, such as aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride, beryllium oxide, or diamond. In this review paper, we explore how dielectric polymer composites with high thermal conductivity have been developed.
A NEW PARADIGM FOR WINTER MAINTENANCE DECISIONS (1998)

A universal challenge facing highway agencies and state departments of transportation (DOTs) today is simultaneously increasing productivity, quality, and environmental sensitivity while maintaining a constant or improved level of service on roads. These challenges are of major importance to three-quarters of the states’ DOTs and local governments who must face the perils of winter as they strive to provide uninterrupted mobility to the road users. Snow and ice control procedures could benefit greatly from improvements in technology applications and equipment operator efficiency. Sensors and automated attachment controls could improve decision strategies for these agencies. Utilizing sensors that record roadway surface temperatures, computers may determine optimal timing and application rates of chemicals and abrasives. Automatic vehicle location systems can track the progress of maintenance vehicles and record winter maintenance operations. The paper will show a sample of the data plots that are transmitted from the vehicles. Initially, the data is referenced to GPS bearing or to the time from the beginning of the maintenance run. CTRE has adjusted the plots so they are referenced to milepost. This paper will focus on the critical factor in the winter maintenance decision process, pavement temperature, and discuss how accurate data presentation can alter the existing process. A critical ingredient to be recognized, when existing procedures or practices are evaluated for change, is the acceptance by the workers. This paper will provide the results of phone interviews with the vehicle operators to ascertain their evaluation of equipment performance and reaction to the advanced technolo
Fabrication and characterization of solid-state nanopores using a field emission scanning electron microscope (2006)

The fabrication of solid-state nanopores using the electron beam of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) has been reported in the past. Here, we report a similar method to fabricate solid-state nanopores using the electron source of a conventional field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) instead. Micromachining was used to create initial pore diameters between 50nm and 200nm, and controlled pore shrinking to sub 10nm diameters was performed subsequently during in situ processing in the FESEM. Noticeably, different shrinking behavior was observed when using irradiation from the electron source of the FESEM than the TEM. Unlike previous reports of TEM mediated pore shrinkage, the mechanism of pore shrinkage when using the FESEM could be a result of surface defects generated by radiolysis and subsequent motion of silicon atoms to the pore periphery.
Bayes Factors (1995)

Abstract In a 1935 paper and in his book Theory of Probability, Jeffreys developed a methodology for quantifying the evidence in favor of a scientific theory. The centerpiece was a number, now called the Bayes factor, which is the posterior odds of the null hypothesis when the prior probability on the null is one-half. Although there has been much discussion of Bayesian hypothesis testing in the context of criticism of P-values, less attention has been given to the Bayes factor as a practical tool of applied statistics. In this article we review and discuss the uses of Bayes factors in the context of five scientific applications in genetics, sports, ecology, sociology, and psychology. We emphasize the following points: •From Jeffreys' Bayesian viewpoint, the purpose of hypothesis testing is to evaluate the evidence in favor of a scientific theory.•Bayes factors offer a way of evaluating evidence in favor of a null hypothesis.•Bayes factors provide a way of incorporating external information into the evaluation of evidence about a hypothesis.•Bayes factors are very general and do not require alternative models to be nested.•Several techniques are available for computing Bayes factors, including asymptotic approximations that are easy to compute using the output from standard packages that maximize likelihoods.•In “nonstandard” statistical models that do not satisfy common regularity conditions, it can be technically simpler to calculate Bayes factors than to derive non-Bayesian significance tests.•The Schwarz criterion (or BIC) gives a rough approximation to the logarithm of the Bayes factor, which is easy to use and does not require evaluation of prior distributions.•When one is interested in estimation or prediction, Bayes factors may be converted to weights to be attached to various models so that a composite estimate or prediction may be obtained that takes account of structural or model uncertainty.•Algorithms have been proposed that allow model uncertainty to be taken into account when the class of models initially considered is very large.•Bayes factors are useful for guiding an evolutionary model-building process.•It is important, and feasible, to assess the sensitivity of conclusions to the prior distributions used.
Volume reduction versus radiation dose for tumors in previously untreated lymphoma patients who received iodine-131 tositumomab therapy (2002)

For patients who attained a partial response, analysis of individual tumors by a hybrid dosimetric method led to a dependence between volume reduction at 12 weeks and radiation dose that tended to be significant. The same was not true with dosimetry of composite tumors based on pretherapy conjugate views alone. It appeared that volume reductions from both unlabeled antibody and radiation dose were important in tositumomab therapy of lymphoma patients, with unlabeled antibody relatively more important for larger tumors.