gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nd3+ Sensitized Up/Down Converting Dual-Mode Nanomaterials for Efficient In-vitro and In-vivo Bioimaging Excited at 800 nm (2013)

Core/shell1/shell2/shell3 structured NaGdF4:Nd/NaYF4/NaGdF4:Nd,Yb,Er/NaYF4 nanocrystals were well designed and synthesized, each of the parts assume respective role and work together to achieve dual-mode upconverting (UC) and downconverting (DC) luminescence upon the low heat effect 800-nm excitation. Nd(3+), Yb(3+), Er(3+) tri-doped NaGdF4:Nd,Yb,Er UC layer [NIR (800 nm)-to-Visible (540 nm)] with a constitutional efficient 800 nm excitable property were achieved for the in-vitro bioimaging with low auto-fluorescence and photo-damage effects. Moreover, typical NIR (800 nm)-to-NIR (860-895 nm) DC luminescence of Nd(3+) has also been realized with this designed nanostructure. Due to the low heat effect, high penetration depth of the excitation and the high efficiency of the DC luminescence, the in-vivo high contrast DC imaging of a whole body nude mouse was achieved. We believe that such dual-mode luminescence NCs will open the door to engineering the excitation and emission wavelengths of NCs and will provide a new tool for a wide variety of applications in the fields of bioanalysis and biomedical.
Heart Failure in Infants and Children (2010)

1. Erin Madriago, MD*
2. Michael Silberbach, MD*


 

1. *Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 

1. Define pediatric heart failure (HF) and review its pathophysiology.

2. Describe the clinical manifestations of pediatric HF.

3. Identify common pediatric HF syndromes.

4. Recognize the differences between pediatric and adult HF.

5. Discuss the treatment of pediatric HF.

Pediatric heart failure (HF) is an etiologically diverse disease manifesting a variety of clinical presentations. Nevertheless, in all HF syndromes, whether adult or pediatric, a unifying pathophysiologic mechanism is involved: A cardiac injury (either congenital or acquired) activates both compensatory and deleterious pathways that cause a chronic and progressive course that, if left untreated, ultimately hastens death. Indeed, pediatric HF is the most common reason that infants and children who have heart disease receive medical therapy and accounts for at least 50% of referrals for pediatric heart transplantation. (1)

HF results when cardiac output is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of the body. Over time, decreased cardiac output leads to a cascade of compensatory responses that are aimed directly or indirectly at restoring normal perfusion to the body's organs and tissues. For most adults, HF results from diminished myocardial contractility caused by ischemic heart disease. In contrast, decreased contractile states account for a smaller percentage of causes of pediatric HF. Instead, the various triggers of HF in children can be categorized broadly as syndromes of excessive preload, excessive afterload, abnormal rhythm, or decreased contractility, which all can lead to a final common HF pathway.

The overall incidence and prevalence of pediatric HF is unknown, largely because there is no accepted universal classification applied to its many forms. The largest HF burden comes from children born with congenital malformations. It has been estimated that 15% to 25% of children who have structural heart disease develop HF. (2) Although cardiomyopathy is relatively rare, approximately 40% of …
Atrial Natriuretic Factor of the Rat Heart. Studies on Isolation and Properties (1982)

Studies on a chemical extraction and purification procedures are described for rat atrial natriuretic factor. This factor—first detected by injection of crude rat atrial heart muscle homogenates—induces a powerful diuretic and natriuretic response when injected into nondiuretic assay rats. Studies on the properties of purified natriuretic factor suggest that it is of a proteinaceous nature. It is efficiently extracted by dilute acetic acid, readily degraded by protease, and recoverable after gel filtration at a fractionation range corresponding to less than 6000 daltons. Dose-response studies show that at maximal doses the response is a 10- to 15-fold increase in urine output and a 30- to 40-fold increase in urinary sodium excretion. These responses are characteristically of rapid onset (1-2 min) and decay (10-15 min).
Monitoring the identity of bacteria using their intrinsic fluorescence (2002)

Three different fluorescence spectra were recorded following excitation at 250 nm (aromatic amino acids+nucleic acids), 270 nm (tryptophan residues) and 316 nm (NADH) for 25 strains of bacteria in dilute suspensions. Evaluation of the spectra using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering showed a good reproducibility from culture to culture and a good discrimination of the bacteria. Applying the method of Mahalanobis distances to the spectra of lactobacilli species recorded following excitation at 250 nm, a good classification was observed for 100% and 81% of calibration and validation groups, respectively. The developed method allows the discrimination and identification of the investigated bacteria at the genus, species and strain levels.
Identification of three feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) env gene subtypes and comparison of the FIV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolutionary patterns (1994)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus associated with AIDS-like illnesses in cats. As such, FIV appears to be a feline analog of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A hallmark of HIV infection is the large degree of viral genetic diversity that can develop within an infected individual and the even greater and continually increasing level of diversity among virus isolates from different individuals. Our goal in this study was to determine patterns of FIV genetic diversity by focusing on a 684-nucleotide region encompassing variable regions V3, V4, and V5 of the FIV env gene in order to establish parallels and distinctions between FIV and HIV type 1 (HIV-1). Our data demonstrate that, like HIV-1, FIV can be separated into distinct envelope sequence subtypes (three are described here). Similar to that found for HIV-1, the pairwise sequence divergence within an FIV subtype ranged from 2.5 to 15.0%, whereas that between subtypes ranged from 17.8 to 26.2%. However, the high number of synonymous nucleotide changes among FIV V3 to V5 env sequences may also include a significant number of back mutations and suggests that the evolutionary distances among FIV subtypes are underestimated. Although only a few subtype B viruses were available for examination, the pattern of diversity between the FIV A and B subtypes was found to be significantly distinct; subtype B sequences had proportionally fewer mutations that changed amino acids, compared with silent changes, suggesting a more advanced state of adaptation to the host. No similar distinction was evident for HIV-1 subtypes. The diversity of FIV genomes within individual infected cats was found to be as high as 3.7% yet twofold lower than that within HIV-1-infected people over a comparable region of the env gene. Despite these differences, significant parallels between patterns of FIV evolution and HIV-1 evolution exist, indicating that a wide array of potentially divergent virus challenges need to be considered in FIV vaccine and pathogenesis studies.
Characterization of the Aminocoumarin Ligase SimL from the Simocyclinone Pathway and Tandem Incubation with NovM,P,N from the Novobiocin Pathway (2005)

Simocyclinone D(8) consists of an anguicycline C-glycoside tethered by a tetraene diester linker to an aminocoumarin. Unlike the antibiotics novobiocin, clorobiocin, and coumermycin A(1), the phenolic hydroxyl group of the aminocoumarin in simocyclinone is not glycosylated with a decorated noviosyl moiety that is the pharmacophore for targeting bacterial DNA gyrase. We have expressed the Streptomyces antibioticus simocyclinone ligase SimL, purified it from Escherichia coli, and established its ATP-dependent amide bond forming activity with a variety of polyenoic acids including retinoic acid and fumagillin. We have then used the last three enzymes from the novobiocin pathway, NovM, NovP, and NovN, to convert a SimL product to a novel novobiocin analogue, in which the 3-prenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate of novobiocin is replaced with a tetraenoate moiety, to evaluate antibacterial activity.
Detection, delineation, measurement and display of cavities in macromolecular structures (1994)

A computer program, VOIDOO, is described which can be employed in the study of cavities such as they occur in macromolecular structures (in particular, in proteins). The program can be used to detect unknown cavities or to delineate known cavities, either of which may be connected to the outside of the molecule or molecular assembly under study. Optionally, output files can be requested that contain a description of the shape of the cavity which can be displayed by the crystallographic modelling program O. Additionally, VOIDOO can be used to calculate the volume of a molecule and to create a file containing data pertaining to the surface of the molecule which can also be displayed using O. Examples of the use of VOIDOO are given for P2 myelin protein, cellular retinol-binding protein and cellobiohydrolase II. Finally, operational definitions to discern different types of cavity are introduced and guidelines for assessing the accuracy and improving the comparability of cavity calculations are given.
Amorolfine 5% Nail Lacquer Exhibits Potent Antifungal Activity Compared to Three Acid-Based Devices Indicated for the Treatment of Onychomycosis: An In Vitro Nail Penetration Assay (2016)

Galderma.
Purification and characterization of bovine rotavirus cores (1982)

Using the chaotropic effect generated by a high concentration of CaCl2, we converted calf rotavirus particles into cores of 40 nm in diameter. These cores were purified by rate zonal centrifugation in sucrose gradients and by isopycnic gradients. They had a sedimentation coefficient of 280S +/- 20S and a density of 1.44 g/ml in CsCl. When analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, they contained three polypeptides (VP125, VP89, and VP78). The major internal polypeptide of the virion (VP39) was recovered in a purified and soluble form in the top fractions of the sucrose gradients. From this stepwise degradation, it appears that VP39 is the most external polypeptide of dense particles. In contrast to reovirus cores, calf rotavirus cores did not exhibit transcriptase activity. Purified VP39 also did not exhibit transcriptase activity when tested after being mixed with purified rotavirus genome RNA as a template. Transcriptase activity was partially recovered when ionic conditions were adjusted to permit the reassociation of VP39 with the cores.
Tissue Culture of Fetal Rat Islets: Comparison of Serum-Supplemented and Serum-Free, Defined Medium on the Maintenance, Growth, and Differentiation of A, B, and D Cells* (1982)

Fetal rat pancreatic islets were grown in tissue culture in medium RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% heatinactivated fetal bovine serum or with a mixture of nine hormones and growth factors. Modifications of the medium and the culture surface were made in an attempt to promote attachment of the islet tissue when plated in the serum-free medium. The maintenance of the islet cells was assessed throughout 30 days in culture by RIAs of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin in extracts of the cultured tissue. The changes in the total number of cells and in the numbers of B, A, and D cells in vitro were estimated by counts of the hormone-positive cells after immunocytochemical staining of cytocentrifuged cell smears. The responsiveness of the B cell to glucose-stimulated insulin release was determined weekly during the culture period. The insulin content and B cell number increased during the first week in culture in both defined and undefined media. By the criteria measured, the serum-free medium preserved the B cells to the same degree as the serum-supplemented medium. B cell secretory response to glucose was also maintained in the absence of serum. A cells were not maintained in either medium. The number of A cells decreased to barely detectable levels by 15 days in culture. The D cells were not maintained in the serum-supplemented medium, but in the serum-free medium, the D cells and somatostatin content of the tissue were preserved at higher levels for a longer period in vitro. The pancreatic tissue could not be plated in the serum-free medium, since the islet cells failed to attach to the culture surface. The data indicate that fetal rat islet cells differ in their responses to the in vitro environment. In addition, the factors included in the serum-free medium can, after attachment, support all three of the islet cells examined at least as well as serum, and in the case of the D cells, to a greater extent. The formulation of this defined medium will provide a means to examine empirically the effects of nutrients and other defined growth and tissue factors on the maintenance, growth, and differentiation of these important endocrine cells under controlled conditions in vitro.
TLR9 Activation Coupled to IL-10 Deficiency Induces Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (2009)

Pregnancy outcome is severely compromised by intrauterine infections and inflammation. Although the pregnant uterine microenvironment is replete with innate immune cells and TLR expression, the mechanisms that facilitate adverse effects of their activation are largely unknown. In this study, we mimic the activation of TLR9 with its pathogenic ligand hypomethylated CpG and demonstrate that IL-10 proficiency protects against CpG-induced pregnancy complications. We show that fetal resorption and preterm birth are rapidly induced in IL-10(-/-) mice by low doses of CpG (approximately 25 microg/mouse) when injected i.p. on gestational day 6 or gestational day 14, respectively. In contrast, wild-type mice failed to experience such effects at comparable doses, but pups born at term displayed craniofacial/limb defects in response to higher doses (approximately 400 microg/mouse). Pregnancy complications in IL-10(-/-) mice were associated with unexpected and robust TLR9-triggered activation and amplification of uterine neutrophil and macrophage subpopulations followed by their migration to the placental zone. Furthermore, a dramatic increase in serum levels of mouse KC and TNF-alpha production by uterine F4/80(+) cells, but not uterine NK or Gr-1(+)CD11b(+) cells, was observed. Depletion of F4/80(+) macrophages or neutralization of TNF-alpha rescued pregnancy to term. Our results have important implications for IL-10-mediated "uterine tolerance" against CpG-driven innate immune activation.
[Preparation and characterization of antibodies against clusterin]. (2008)

pAb and mAbs against human CLU were successfully prepared, which will provide efficient tools for functional studies of CLU expressed in human tumors.
Embolotherapy in vascular disease (1984)

Embolotherapy for nonneoplastic vascular diseases including hemorrhage and congenital vascular malformations is reviewed. Application of short, intermediate, and long-acting embolic materials to these conditions is presented along with potential complications associated with their misuse. Successful application of embolotherapy results from a thorough understanding of the disease process being treated, the distinctive features of the circulation to be embolized, and the embolic material used for the occlusion.
Fluorescent DNA chemosensors: identification of bacterial species by their volatile metabolites (2011)

Polyfluorophores built on a DNA scaffold (ODFs) were synthesized and tested for fluorescence responses to the volatiles from M. tuberculosis, E. coli and P. putida in closed Petri dishes. Two sensors in a pattern-based response could distinguish the bacterial strains accurately, suggesting the use of ODFs in rapid identification of infectious agents.
Towards programming languages for genetic engineering of living cells (2009)

Synthetic biology aims at producing novel biological systems to carry out some desired and well-defined functions. An ultimate dream is to design these systems at a high level of abstraction using engineering-based tools and programming languages, press a button, and have the design translated to DNA sequences that can be synthesized and put to work in living cells. We introduce such a programming language, which allows logical interactions between potentially undetermined proteins and genes to be expressed in a modular manner. Programs can be translated by a compiler into sequences of standard biological parts, a process that relies on logic programming and prototype databases that contain known biological parts and protein interactions. Programs can also be translated to reactions, allowing simulations to be carried out. While current limitations on available data prevent full use of the language in practical applications, the language can be used to develop formal models of synthetic systems, which are otherwise often presented by informal notations. The language can also serve as a concrete proposal on which future language designs can be discussed, and can help to guide the emerging standard of biological parts which so far has focused on biological, rather than logical, properties of parts.
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2, and Outcome After Ischemic Stroke (2006)

Inflammatory markers are associated with prognosis after first ischemic stroke and may offer complementary information. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) may be a stronger predictor of recurrent stroke risk. Levels of hs-CRP, an acute-phase reactant, increase with stroke severity and may be associated with mortality to a greater degree than recurrence.
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1995)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which an inflammatory cell infiltrate represents a characteristic pathologic feature of active lesions within the CNS. The possibility has been raised that cell-mediated immune mechanisms orchestrate the pathogenesis of MS. Cytokines play a particularly important role in cellular immune mechanisms. These soluble glycoproteins, nonimmunoglobulin in nature, act nonenzymatically to regulate immune cell function. A unique family of cytokines, the tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), demonstrate immunoregulatory activity but are also involved in the effector arm of cellular immune responses. Recently, studies both in vitro and in vivo have suggested a role for TNFs in the pathology of MS. This report summarizes data implicating TNFs in the mechanisms of MS and attempts to apply the anti-TNF approach in the future therapeutic strategy for this disease.
Improvements Of Audio-Based Music Similarity And Genre Classificaton. (2005)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
THE ROLE OF RECEPTOR KINASES AND ARRESTINS IN G PROTEIN–COUPLED RECEPTOR REGULATION (1998)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) play a key role in controlling hormonal regulation of numerous second-messenger pathways. However, following agonist activation, most GPRs rapidly lose their ability to respond to hormone. For many GPRs, this process, commonly referred to as desensitization, appears to be primarily mediated by two protein families: G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and arrestins. GRKs specifically bind to the agonist-occupied receptor, thereby promoting receptor phosphorylation, which in turn leads to arrestin binding. Arrestin binding precludes receptor/G protein interaction leading to functional desensitization. Many GPRs are then removed from the plasma membrane via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Recent studies have implicated endocytosis in the resensitization of GPRs and have linked both GRKs and arrestins to this process. In this review, we discuss the role of GRKs and arrestins in regulating agonist-specific signaling and trafficking of GPRs.
The cytochrome bc complex (menaquinone:cytochrome c reductase) in Bacillus subtilis has a nontraditional subunit organization (1995)

We have identified an operon in Bacillus subtilis, designated qcr, that is thought to encode a quinone: cytochrome c reductase. Northern (RNA blot) analysis suggests a tricistronic operon. The operon is located at about 200 degrees on the B. subtilis map. Disruption of the operon leads to loss of a 22-kDa cytochrome c from membrane preparations. The structure of the putative protein products of the qcr operon suggests a protein complex that is closely related to but distinct from known cytochrome bc1 and b6f complexes, which catalyze electron transfer from a quinol to a c-type cytochrome or to plastocyanin. QcrA is similar to Rieske-type iron-sulfur proteins; QcrB is similar in size and sequence to b-type cytochromes from b6f complexes; and QcrC has a novel structure that resembles a fusion of a subunit IV (found in b6f complexes) to a cytochrome c. Transcription of the operon is induced at the end of exponential growth from a sigma A-like promoter. This transition state induction appears to be dependent on the downregulation of abrB expression, which is mediated by Spo0A activation. As bacteria move from the transition state into sporulation, transcription of the operon is reduced in a sigma F-dependent manner.
Photosensitivity in lupus erythematosus, UV photoprovocation results compared with history of photosensitivity and clinical findings (1997)

Photosensitivity, one of the presenting symptoms in lupus erythematosus (LE), is still poorly defined and varying prevalence figures have been reported. The possibility of a coexisting photodermatosis, especially polymorphous light eruption (PLE), has often not been taken into account. We report the results of ultraviolet A (UVA) and B (UVB) photoprovocation tests in 67 clinically photosensitive patients who had confirmed discoid LE (DLE), systemic LE (SLE) or subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE). The results are compared with a detailed history of photosensitivity and with clinical and serological findings. A pathological photoprovocation reaction, graded as weak, moderate or strong, was induced with either UVA or UVB in 69% of patients with LE, in 100% of those with SCLE, in 70% of those with SLE and in 64% of those with DLE, but in none of 14 controls. Only 16% of the pathological reactions were strong and long-lasting, resembling LE lesions, while 48% were moderate or weak and transient, clinically like PLE. Fifty-three per cent of the provocation reactions which were biopsied showed a PLE-like histology or a non-specific inflammatory reaction, and most of them were clinically moderate or weak reactions of short duration. In the remaining, mostly clinically strong or long-lasting reactions, the histology was consistent with LE. A history of sunlight sensitivity did not predict a pathological photoprovocation result but a positive association between the presence of SSA/Ro or SSB/La antibodies and a pathological photoprovocation reaction was found. We have shown that PLE coexists with LE and that both PLE- and LE-like lesions can be induced with UV radiation in LE patients.