gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved tumour targeting by disulphide stabilized diabodies expressed in Pichia pastoris (1997)

Diabodies are dimeric antibody fragments held together by associated heavy and light chain variable domains present on different polypeptide chains. To improve their stability we have introduced cysteine residues into the V-domains to promote the disulphide crosslinking of the dimer. A crosslinked bivalent diabody against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and a crosslinked bispecific diabody against CEA and the T-cell co-receptor CD3 were expressed from Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli by secretion. From Pichia (but not E.coli) the chains were almost quantitatively crosslinked. Compared with the parent diabodies both crosslinked diabodies were more stable to heat (by >7 degrees C) and the crosslinked bivalent diabody showed improved localization to CEA+ human tumour xenografts in nude mice.
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of Modified Whole Blood versus Component Therapy in Severely Injured Patients Requiring Large Volume Transfusions (2013)

Compared with COMP therapy, WB did not reduce transfusion volumes in severely injured patients predicted to receive massive transfusion. However, in the sensitivity analysis (patients without severe brain injuries), use of mWB significantly reduced transfusion volumes, achieving the prespecified endpoint of this initial pilot study.
A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of anti‐CD5 immunoconjugate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1996)

At the doses used in this study, CD5-IC was ineffective for treating RA.
Issues in the full scale use of formal methods for automated testing (1996)

Experience from a full scale effort to apply formal methods to automated testing in the open systems software arena is described. The formal method applied in this work is based upon the Clemson Automated Testing System (CATS) which includes a formal specification language, a set of guidelines describing how to use the method effectively, and tool support capable of translating formal specifications into executable tests. This method is currently being used to develop a full scale test suite for IEEE's Ada Language Binding to POSIX. Following an overview of CATS, an experience report consisting of results, lessons learned and future directions is presented.
Dual Infection of the Central Nervous System by AIDS Viruses with Distinct Cellular Tropisms (1987)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A large number of AIDS patients show evidence of neurologic involvement, known as AIDS-related subacute encephalopathy, which has been correlated with the presence of HIV in the brain. In this study, two genetically distinct but related viruses were isolated from one patient from two different sources in the central nervous system: brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid. Both viruses were found to replicate in peripheral blood lymphocytes, but only virus from brain tissue will efficiently infect macrophage/monocytes. The viruses also differ in their ability to infect a brain glioma explant culture. This infection of the brain-derived cells in vitro is generally nonproductive, and appears to be some form of persistent or latent infection. These results indicate that genetic variation of HIV in vivo may result in altered cell tropisms and possibly implicate strains of HIV with glial cell tropism in the pathogenesis of some neurologic disorders of AIDS.
Tetragonal vs. cubic phase stability in Al – free Ta doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) (2014)

X-ray and neutron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, complex impedance spectroscopy and electron microscopy were used to characterize the tetragonal <italic>vs.</italic> cubic phase stability in superionic conducting garnet-oxide electrolyte.
Accumulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecules in Mast Cell Secretory Granules and Their Release upon Degranulation (1997)

To investigate the relationship between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II compartments, secretory granules, and secretory lysosomes, we analyzed the localization and fate of MHC class II molecules in mast cells. In bone marrow-derived mast cells, the bulk of MHC class II molecules is contained in two distinct compartments, with features of both lysosomal compartments and secretory granules defined by their protein content and their accessibility to endocytic tracers. Type I granules display internal membrane vesicles and are accessed by exogenous molecules after a time lag of 20 min; type II granules are reached by the endocytic tracer later and possess a serotonin-rich electron-dense core surrounded by a multivesicular domain. In these type I and type II granules, MHC class II molecules, mannose-6-phosphate receptors and lysosomal membrane proteins (lamp1 and lamp2) localize to small intralumenal vesicles. These 60-80-nm vesicles are released along with inflammatory mediators during mast cell degranulation triggered by IgE-antigen complexes. These observations emphasize the intimate connection between the endocytic and secretory pathways in cells of the hematopoietic lineage which allows regulated secretion of the contents of secretory lysosomes, including membrane proteins associated with small vesicles.
Self-consistent calculation of the internal strain parameter of silicon (1982)

We have extended our total-energy computation method, based on the density-functional formalism in the local-density approximation and written in terms of the Wannier functions of the semiconductor, to include distorted crystals. In this way the internal strain parameter $\ensuremath{\xi}$ of silicon can be calculated in a self-consistent fashion. The result $\ensuremath{\xi}=0.86$ is consistent with the recently reported experimental value (0.73 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03).
Azure C Targets and Modulates Toxic Tau Oligomers (2018)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Therefore, finding effective interventions and therapies is extremely important. AD is one of over 20 different disorders known as tauopathies, characterized by the pathological aggregation and accumulation of tau, a microtubule-associated protein. Tau aggregates are heterogeneous and can be divided into two major groups: large metastable fibrils, including neurofibrillary tangles, and oligomers. The smaller, soluble and dynamic tau oligomers have been shown to be more toxic with more proficient seeding properties for the propagation of tau pathology as compared to the fibrillar Paired Helical Filaments (PHFs). Therefore, developing small molecules that target and interact with toxic tau oligomers can be beneficial to modulate their aggregation pathways and toxicity, preventing progression of the pathology. In this study, we show that Azure C (AC) is capable of modulating tau oligomer aggregation pathways at micromolar concentrations and rescues tau oligomers-induced toxicity in cell culture. We used both biochemical and biophysical in vitro techniques to characterize preformed tau oligomers in the presence and absence of AC. Interestingly, AC prevents toxicity not by disassembling the oligomers but rather by converting them into clusters of aggregates with nontoxic conformation.
MicroRNAs in cell proliferation, cell death, and tumorigenesis (2006)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered class of approximately 18-24 nucleotide RNA molecules that negatively regulate target mRNAs. All studied multicellular eukaryotes utilise miRNAs to regulate basic cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, and death. It is now apparent that abnormal miRNA expression is a common feature of human malignancies. In this review, we will discuss how miRNAs influence tumorigenesis by acting as oncogenes and tumour suppressors.
Electrospun nanofibers for neural tissue engineering (2009)

Biodegradable nanofibers produced by electrospinning represent a new class of promising scaffolds to support nerve regeneration. We begin with a brief discussion on the electrospinning of nanofibers and methods for controlling the structure, porosity, and alignment of the electrospun nanofibers. The methods include control of the nanoscale morphology and microscale alignment of the nanofibers, as well as the fabrication of macroscale, three-dimensional tubular structures. We then highlight recent studies that utilize electrospun nanofibers to manipulate biological processes relevant to nervous tissue regeneration, including stem cell differentiation, guidance of neurite extension, and peripheral nerve injury treatments. The main objective of this feature article is to provide valuable insights into methods for investigating the mechanisms of neurite growth on novel nanofibrous scaffolds and optimization of the nanofiber scaffolds and conduits for repairing peripheral nerve injuries.
General Thoracic Surgery (1983)

This second edition consists of 18 sections with 75 chapters written by 79 contributors. Of these, 26 chapters are new, reflecting advances in thoracic surgery during the past ten years. Diaphragmatic pacing, lung transplantation, and laser endoscopic procedures are examples of this expanding field. The text is arranged in a logical sequence of anatomy, physiology, diagnostic procedures, and preoperative evaluation. Following is more specific consideration of the surgical treatment of trauma and diseases of the chest wall, diaphragm, lungs, esophagus, and mediastinum. The section on anesthetic treatment of patients undergoing thoracic surgery includes discussion of postoperative care and ventilatory support. Considerable attention is devoted to the continuing study of the function and motor disturbances of the esophagus in the sections on physiology and the esophagus. Chapters dealing with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunology discuss the optional or adjuvant therapies currently available. Technical aspects are well presented in the section on
Antioxidant Activity of Phytoestrogenic Isoflavones (1997)

The aim of this work was to determine the antioxidant activities of a range of phytoestrogenic isoflavones. The antioxidant activity in the aqueous phase was determined by means of the ABTS.+ total antioxidant activity assay. The results show that the order of reactivity in scavenging the radical in the aqueous phase is genistein > daidzein = genistin approximately equal to biochanin A = daidzin > formononetin approximately equal to ononin, the latter displaying no antioxidant activity. The importance of the single 4'-hydroxyl group in the reactivity of the isoflavones, as scavengers of aqueous phase radicals, as well as the 5'7-dihydroxy structure is demonstrated. Examination of their abilities to enhance the resistance of low density lipoproteins to oxidation supports the observation that genistein is the most potent antioxidant among this family of compound studied, both in the aqueous and in the lipophilic phases.
Transport and Metabolism of a Sucrose Analog (1′-Fluorosucrose) into Zea mays L. Endosperm without Invertase Hydrolysis (1987)

1'-Fluorosucrose (FS), a sucrose analog resistant to hydrolysis by invertase, was transported from husk leaves into maize (Zea mays L., Pioneer Hybrid 3320) kernels with the same magnitude and kinetics as sucrose. (14)C-Label from [(14)C]FS and [(14)C]sucrose in separate experiments was distributed similarly between the pedicel, endosperm, and embryo with time. FS passed through maternal tissue and was absorbed intact into the endosperm where it was metabolized and used in synthesis of sucrose and methanol-chloroform-water insolubles. Accumulation of [(14)C] sucrose from supplied [(14)C]glucosyl-FS indicated that the glucose moiety from the breakdown of sucrose (here FS), which normally occurs in the process of starch synthesis in maize endosperm, was available to the pool of substrates for resynthesis of sucrose. Uptake of FS into maize endosperm without hydrolysis suggests that despite the presence of invertase in maternal tissues and the hydrolysis of a large percentage of sucrose unloaded from the phloem, hexoses are not specifically needed for uptake into maize endosperm.
Rational growth of branched nanowire heterostructures with synthetically encoded properties and function (2011)

Branched nanostructures represent unique, 3D building blocks for the "bottom-up" paradigm of nanoscale science and technology. Here, we report a rational, multistep approach toward the general synthesis of 3D branched nanowire (NW) heterostructures. Single-crystalline semiconductor, including groups IV, III-V, and II-VI, and metal branches have been selectively grown on core or core/shell NW backbones, with the composition, morphology, and doping of core (core/shell) NWs and branch NWs well controlled during synthesis. Measurements made on the different composition branched NW structures demonstrate encoding of functional p-type/n-type diodes and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as well as field effect transistors with device function localized at the branch/backbone NW junctions. In addition, multibranch/backbone NW structures were synthesized and used to demonstrate capability to create addressable nanoscale LED arrays, logic circuits, and biological sensors. Our work demonstrates a previously undescribed level of structural and functional complexity in NW materials, and more generally, highlights the potential of bottom-up synthesis to yield increasingly complex functional systems in the future.
L1 adhesion molecule on human lymphocytes and monocytes: expression and involvement in binding to αvβ3 integrin (1996)

The L1 adhesion molecule is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily initially identified in the nervous system which contains six Ig-like domains. Besides the known L1-L1 homotypic interaction, L1 was recently shown to bind to very late antigen (VLA)-5 in the mouse and alpha v beta 3 in the human. The sixth Ig domain is critical for this function. We now demonstrate that human CD4+ peripheral blood T lymphocytes, monocytes and B lymphocytes, but not CD8+ T lymphocytes, express L1. When compared to the expression of CD31, another ligand for alpha v beta 3 on T lymphocytes, only a small proportion of cells were CD31+L1+ double positive. L1 was also detected on the surface of human monocytic and lymphoid tumor lines and was shown to have a molecular mass of approximately 220 kDa, similar to the molecule present on neuroblastoma cells. The function of the sixth Ig domain of human L1 as an integrin ligand was also investigated. Using an RGD-containing peptide derived from the sixth Ig domain as well as a fusion protein of the sixth Ig domain of L1 and the Fc portion of human IgG1 (6.L1-Fc), we demonstrated the binding of human MED-B1 (alpha v beta 3hi, alpha 5 beta 1lo) tumor cells and this binding was blocked by alpha v-specific mAb. In contrast, human Nalm-6 cells (alpha v beta 3lo, alpha 5 beta 1hi) did not bind to the 6.L1-Fc fusion protein. MED-B1 cells could also be stained with the 6.L1-Fc fusion protein. Our results suggest that human L1 binds predominantly to alpha v beta 3 and that its presence on leukocytes could be important for adhesion and migration.
Eosinophils and immune mechanisms. VI. The synergistic combination of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-5 accounts for eosinophil-stimulation promoter activity in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. (1990)

Eosinophil stimulation promoter (ESP) is a lymphokine activity that stimulates eosinophil migration and is produced by mitogen or specific Ag stimulation of spleen cells from mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. It is also produced by intact, schistosome egg-induced granulomas isolated from the livers of such mice without additional antigenic exposure. The production of ESP activity is decreased during chronic infection in a time course coordinate with granuloma modulation. Characterization of ESP was pursued to determine its relationship to other cytokines and to identify factors that may play a role in granuloma formation and modulation. Chromatographic separations, assays of recombinant cytokines, and cytokine-specific immunodepletions were used in the characterization. ESP+ supernatant fluids contain both granulocyte-macrophage CSF and IL-5. The removal of both granulocyte-macrophage CSF and IL-5 is required to eliminate ESP activity, and together they act synergistically to constitute ESP.
Computational image sensors for on-sensor-compression (2002)

In this paper, we propose novel image sensors which compress image signal. By making use of very fast analog processing on the imager plane, the compression sensor can significantly reduce the amount of pixel data output from the sensor. The proposed sensor is intended to overcome the communication bottle neck for high pixel rate imaging such as high frame rate imaging and high resolution imaging. The compression sensor consists of three parts; transducer, memory and processor. Two architectures for on-sensor-compression are discussed in this paper that are pixel parallel architecture and column parallel architecture. In the former architecture, the three parts are put together in each pixel, and processing is pixel parallel. In the latter architecture, transducer, processor and memory areas are separated, and processing is column parallel. We also describe a prototype chip of pixel-parallel-type sensor with 32/spl times/32 pixels which has been fabricated using 2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Some results of examinations are shown in this paper.
Impulse response shortening for discrete multitone transceivers (1996)

In discrete multitone (DMT) transceivers an intelligent guard time sequence, called a cyclic prefix (CP), is inserted between symbols to ensure that samples from one symbol do not interfere with the samples of another symbol. The length of the CP is determined by the length of the impulse response of the effective physical channel. Using a long CP reduces the throughput of the transceiver, To avoid using a long CP, a short time-domain finite impulse response (FIR) filter is used to shorten the effective channels impulse response. This paper explores various methods of determining the coefficients for this time-domain filter. An optimal shortening and a least-squares (LS) approach are developed for shortening the channel's impulse response. To provide a computationally efficient algorithm a variation of the LS approach is explored. In full-duplex transceivers the length of the effective echo path impacts the computational requirements of the transceiver. A new paradigm of joint shortening is introduced and three methods are developed to jointly shorten the channel and the echo impulse responses in order to reduce the length of the CP and reduce computational requirements for the echo canceller.
Cloning and characterization of complementary DNA encoding the eukaryotic initiation factor 2-associated 67-kDa protein (p67) (1993)

The eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2)-associated 67-kDa glycoprotein (p67) protects eIF-2 alpha-subunit from inhibitory phosphorylation by eIF-2 kinases, such as heme-regulated inhibitor and double-stranded RNA-activated inhibitor. This promotes protein synthesis in the presence of eIF-2 kinases present in animal cells (Ray, M. K., Datta, B., Chakraborty, A., Chattopadhyay, A., Meza-Keuthen, S., and Gupta, N. K. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 539-543). In this study, the primary structure of rat p67 is determined by cDNA cloning. Based on the partial amino acid sequences of overlapping tryptic and cyanogen bromide cleaved fragments, degenerate oligonucleotides were synthesized and used as primers for the polymerase chain reaction to amplify the corresponding p67 cDNA fragment from rat liver first strand cDNA. The amplified DNA was then used as a probe to screen a rat tumor hepatoma (KRC-7) cDNA library, and a positive clone covering the entire coding region was obtained. From the cDNA sequence, an open reading frame that encodes p67 as a 480-amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 53 kilodaltons was predicted for the unglycosylated protein. The cloned cDNA was further characterized by in vitro transcription-coupled translation in micrococcal nuclease-treated reticulocyte lysate. The translated product migrated similarly to p67 in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was precipitated with antibodies against p67. Northern blot analysis of rat liver poly(A)+ RNA showed a single size class (approximately 2 kilobases) of mRNA. The deduced amino acid sequence of the protein showed a highly charged N-terminal region composed of two basic polylysine blocks and an acidic aspartic acid block. The protein also exhibits significant sequence identity in the N-terminal region with human eIF-2 beta-subunit.
One-Shot Video Object Segmentation (2017)

This paper tackles the task of semi-supervised video object segmentation, i.e., the separation of an object from the background in a video, given the mask of the first frame. We present One-Shot Video Object Segmentation (OSVOS), based on a fully-convolutional neural network architecture that is able to successively transfer generic semantic information, learned on ImageNet, to the task of foreground segmentation, and finally to learning the appearance of a single annotated object of the test sequence (hence one-shot). Although all frames are processed independently, the results are temporally coherent and stable. We perform experiments on two annotated video segmentation databases, which show that OSVOS is fast and improves the state of the art by a significant margin (79.8% vs 68.0%).
Nearfield of a large acoustic transducer, Part II: Parametric radiation (1983)

The transducer is the same as the one considered in an accompanying paper by the same authors [Part I, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 1056–1061 (1982)]. It has a diameter of 182 cm, and is composed of 364 elements, 4.8×6.4 cm each, which are distributed in 13 equally spaced rings. It is used to generate difference frequency sound at 0.5–5 kHz in water. Amplitude and phase of the generated sound are measured at various distances in the nearfield of the transducer. The results are compared with calculations based on the quasilinear approximation of the governing equations. Simplifications are obtained by utilizing the parabolic approximations [J. Naze Tjo/tta and S. Tjo/tta, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 484–490 (1980)]. This also makes it possible to use a realistic model for the primaries (see the accompanying paper) when evaluating the nonlinear source term, such that all effects of the nearfield oscillations in amplitude and phase are fully accounted for. The analytical results obtained also apply to the case of an amplitude and/or phase shaded source.
A high-speed 7 bit A/D converter (1979)

A 7 bit two-step parallel A/D converter has been designed using a new quantizer-subtractor circuit. The small delay in the new circuit allows digital signal sampling by latching comparators. A sample and hold unit is not needed which results in a fully integrable A/D function. Analog input signals up to 5 MHz can be digitally sampled with sampling frequencies up to 50 MHz. A double layer metallization process is used to reduce the die size to 2.4/spl times/2.5 mm.
Marmousi2: An elastic upgrade for Marmousi (2006)

The original Marmousi model was created by a consortium led by the Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP) in 1988. Since its creation, the model and its acoustic finite-difference synthetic data have been used by hundreds of researchers throughout the world for a multitude of geophysical purposes, and to this day remains one of the most published geophysical data sets. The advancement in computer hardware capabilities since the late 1980s has made it possible to perform a major upgrade to the model and data set, thereby extending the usefulness of the model for, hopefully, some time to come. This paper outlines the creation of an updated and upgraded Marmousi model and data set which we have named Marmousi2.