gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MRI of the tumor microenvironment (2002)

The microenvironment within tumors is significantly different from that in normal tissues. A major difference is seen in the chaotic vasculature of tumors, which results in unbalanced blood supply and significant perfusion heterogeneities. As a consequence, many regions within tumors are transiently or chronically hypoxic. This exacerbates tumor cells' natural tendency to overproduce acids, resulting in very acidic pH values. The hypoxia and acidity of tumors have important consequences for antitumor therapy and can contribute to the progression of tumors to a more aggressive metastatic phenotype. Over the past decade, techniques have emerged that allow the interrogation of the tumor microenvironment with high resolution and molecularly specific probes. Techniques are available to interrogate perfusion, vascular distribution, pH, and pO(2) nondestructively in living tissues with relatively high precision. Studies employing these methods have provided new insights into the causes and consequences of the hostile tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, it is quite exciting that there are emerging techniques that generate tumor image contrast via ill-defined mechanisms. Elucidation of these mechanisms will yield further insights into the tumor microenvironment. This review attempts to identify techniques and their application to tumor biology, with an emphasis on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approaches. Examples are also discussed using electron MR, optical, and radionuclear imaging techniques.
직업무용수의 12주간 무용훈련에 따른 운동량이 심폐기능에 미치는 영향 (2008)

본 연구는 직업무용수들의 무용훈련이 심폐기능에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상자는 C시립무용단 소속 직업무용수 10명(남자2명, 여자8명)이었다. 무용훈련 프로그램은 전통무용과 창작무용을 주당 5일, 12주간 실시하였다. 훈련과정은 기본훈련과 정리훈련을 스트레칭과 박금슬 기본으로 20분간 실시하였고, 본 훈련은 오전 90분, 오후 120분으로 총 210분 동안 전통무용과 창작무용을 요일별로 번갈아 실시하였다. 측정된 각 요인의 훈련 전·후의 효과분석은 paired t-test를 사용하여 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 신체구성 요인에서 근육량은 증가 하였고, 체지방량, 체지방율, BMI는 감소하였다. 심폐기능 요인에서 심박수 감소, 최대산소섭취량과 운동지속시간은 증가하여 혈액순환의 활성화와 효율성의 증가에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 심폐기능 향상을 위한 트레이닝과 동일한 효과가 나타났다.
Antidiabetogenic Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (7–36)amide in Normal Subjects and Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (1992)

GLIP has an antidiabetogenic effect, and it may therefore be useful in the treatment of patients with NIDDM:
Repression of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells by phenethyl isothiocyanate (2006)

PEITC represses AR transcription and expression, and mediates growth arrest in androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer cells. With the AR modulation and growth attenuation, PEITC and possibly other isothiocyanates, may prevent and inhibit hormone sensitive and refractory prostate cancer.
Regulated expression of the Mac-1, LFA-1, p150,95 glycoprotein family during leukocyte differentiation. (1986)

The regulation of Mac-1, LFA-1, and p150,95 expression during leukocyte differentiation was examined. LFA-1 was present on almost all cell types studied. Both Mac-1 and p150,95 were present on the more mature cells of the myelomonocytic series, but only p150,95 was detected on some B cell lines and cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation of B chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells dramatically increased p150,95 expression. The resultant Mac-1, LFA-1, p150,95 phenotype resembled hairy cell leukemia, a B cell plasmacytoid leukemia. The promonocytic cell line U937 and the promyeloblastic cell line HL-60 expressed only LFA-1. Monocytic differentiation of U937 cells was stimulated by PMA, and induced the concomitant expression of Mac-1 and p150,95, with more p150,95 induced than Mac-1. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulation of U937 cells gave similar results. PMA-stimulated monocytic differentiation of the HL-60 cell line also induced expression of both Mac-1 and p150,95. The number of p150,95 molecules on PMA-stimulated U937 and HL-60 cells were 5 X 10(5) and 3 X 10(5), respectively. Retinoic acid stimulated myeloid differentiation of HL-60 cells and induced expression of both Mac-1 and p150,95. These cells acquired a Mac-1, LFA-1, p150,95 profile that resembled that of granulocytes, with more Mac-1 than p150,95 induced. GM-CSF stimulation of HL-60 cells induced a similar Mac-1 and p150,95 phenotype. The contributions of Mac-1, LFA-1, and p150,95 to aggregation of PMA-differentiated U937 cells were assessed. Monoclonal antibodies to the beta subunit and the LFA-1 alpha subunit, but not those to p150,95 or Mac-1 alpha subunit, inhibited this homotypic adherence.
Intracerebral transplantation of neural stem cells combined with trehalose ingestion alleviates pathology in a mouse model of Huntington's disease (2008)

The present investigation examined the neuroprotective benefits for combined trehalose administration with C17.2 neural stem cell transplantation in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD), R6/2. C17.2 neural stem cells have the potential of differentiating into a neuronal phenotype in vitro and have been shown to be effective in the treatment of a variety of lysosomal lipid storage disorders in the nervous system. In this study, we transplanted these cells into the lateral ventricle of R6/2 transgenic mice in order to examine the efficacy of using these cells for correcting the accumulated polyglutamine storage materials in HD. To improve efficacy, animals were fed with a diet rich in trehalose, which has been shown to be beneficial to retard aggregate formation. The combined treatment strategy not only decreased ubiquitin-positive aggregation in striatum, alleviated polyglutamine aggregation formation, and reduced striatal volume, but also extended life span in the R6/2 animal model. Behavioral evaluation showed that the combination treatment improved motor function. Statistical analysis revealed that the combination treatment was more effective than treatment with trehalose alone on the basis of the above biochemical and behavioral criteria. This study provides a strong a basis for further developing an effective therapeutic strategy for HD.
Modeling brain extracellular space from diffusion data (2007)

The extracellular space (ECS) of the brain is a thin region surrounding each cell that is filled with a medium resembling cerebrospinal fluid and an unknown amount of extracellular matrix. The ECS is difficult to study but diffusion measurements based on a point-source diffusion paradigm have begun to reveal the complex structure of this region. Despite the complexity, a modified version of Fick’s classical diffusion equation incorporating parameters for volume fraction and tortuosity has been shown to be valid. Using real-time iontophoresis and the small molecule tetramethylammonium, the volume fraction of typical brain tissue has been determined to be 0.2, i.e. 20% of the brain is ECS and the typical tortuosity is 1.6, which means that a small molecule has an effective diffusion coefficient that is 2.6 less than in free solution. Monte Carlo modeling, however, shows that a simple ensemble of convex cells, each surrounded by a uniform ECS cannot generate a tortuosity greater than 1.225. Further modeling suggests that the discrepancy between experiments and theory may be accounted for by the existence of dead-space microdomains in the ECS; a viscous extracellular matrix might also play a role. Diffusion measurements with integrative optical imaging of fluorescent macromolecules and quantum dots show that tortuosity is increased with macromolecular size and analysis based on the theory of restricted diffusion in pores suggests that the width of the ECS is in the range 38-64 nm.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Detection of β2-Transferrin and Nephelometric Quantification of β-Trace Protein (2004)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage may occur with head trauma, surgery, inflammation, tumors, or congenital malformations. Determining the presence of CSF leakage is important so the leakage can be repaired and treatment can be initiated to prevent infection in the central nervous system. In this study, electrophoretic methods using three different detection systems for β2-transferrin (β2Trf) were compared with a nephelometric method for β-trace protein (βTP) for ease of use and sensitivity in the clinical laboratory setting to diagnose CSF leakage. Results were compared for 30 samples that had been submitted to the clinical laboratory for assessment of CSF leakage.

Detection of β2Trf has been used as an endogenous marker to identify CSF in fluids to diagnose CSF leaks (1)(2)(3)(4). Transferrin that migrates in the β-1 electrophoretic fraction (β1Trf) is found in most body fluids. β2Trf is used as a CSF-specific variant of transferrin, but it is also found in the aqueous humor and serum of patients with rare metabolic glycoprotein disorders or genetic variants of transferrin. If β1Trf and β2Trf are detected in drainage fluids by electrophoresis and subsequent immunodetection, the specimen is presumed to be contaminated with CSF.

The first electrophoresis method we evaluated used Titan Gel Silver Stain reagents (Helena) and anti-transferrin immunofixation. Samples, a negative control (serum), and a known positive control (CSF) were electrophoresed on the Titan Gel and immunofixed with 600 μL of anti-human transferrin that was diluted with 1200 μL of saline (1:3 dilution; DiaSorin Inc.); antigen-antibody complexes were then stained with Titan …
Cripto (2004)

Cripto, a member of the epidermal growth factor-Cripto-FRL-Criptic (EGF-CFC) family, has been described recently as a potential target for immunotherapy (Adkins et al., J Clin Invest 2003;112:575-87). We have produced rat monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to a Cripto 17-mer peptide, corresponding to the "EGF-like" motif of Cripto. The mAbs react with most cancers of the breast, colon, lung, stomach, and pancreas but do not react or react weakly with normal tissues. The mAbs inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro, and this effect was greater with cytotoxic drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cisplatin. The anti-Cripto mAbs prevent tumor development in vivo and inhibit the growth of established tumors of LS174T colon xenografts in Scid mice. The growth inhibitory effects with these mAbs may be greater than those described elsewhere, possibly because of IgM giving more effective cross-linking or binding to a different epitope (EGF-like region versus CFC region). The mechanism of inhibitory effects of the Cripto mAbs includes both cancer cell apoptosis, activation of c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase and p38 kinase signaling pathways and blocking of Akt phosphorylation. Thus, Cripto is a unique target, and mAbs to Cripto could be of therapeutic value for human cancers.
Mouse Crry/p65. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies and the tissue distribution of a functional homologue of human MCP and DAF. (1993)

In previous studies we have demonstrated that mouse Crry/p65 regulates complement component C3 deposition on self membranes, a functional property that both human decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and membrane cofactor protein (MCP) exhibit. We have proposed that Crry/p65 has a similar biologic role in mouse as MCP and perhaps DAF and is the mouse analogue of one or both of these proteins. In order to address this hypothesis and further study Crry/p65, we have prepared rat mAb and a rabbit polyclonal Ab to this protein. Using these reagents we demonstrate that, like human MCP and DAF, the tissue distribution of Crry/p65 is very broad. Most if not all cells of nonneuronal origin express this protein. In addition, by immunohistochemical analysis, Crry/p65 is shown to be more highly expressed in some tissues at potential sites of immune complex deposition and damage, such as the mesangium of the renal glomerulus and the arterial vessel endothelium. By Western blot analysis, protein isoforms can be demonstrated. Unlike human DAF, however, no phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-sensitive Crry/p65 protein form can be demonstrated on lymphocytes or erythrocytes. Five of six anti-Crry/p65 mAb can partially or completely reverse the capacity of Crry/p65 to block C3 deposition on cell membranes. Analysis of four IgG rat anti-Crry/p65 mAb demonstrates that two major independent epitopes can be detected. Overall, Crry/p65 retains many of the major features of human MCP and DAF, and the use of these reagents should further the understanding of the biologic roles of this class of complement regulatory proteins.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Monitoring of Tissue Oxygenation of Exercising Skeletal Muscle in a Chronic Compartment Syndrome Model* (1997)

Variations in the levels of muscle hemoglobin and of myoglobin oxygen saturation can be detected non-invasively with near-infrared spectroscopy. This technique could be applied to the diagnosis of chronic compartment syndrome, in which invasive testing has shown increased intramuscular pressure associated with ischemia and pain during exercise. We simulated chronic compartment syndrome in ten healthy subjects (seven men and three women) by applying external compression, through a wide inflatable cuff, to increase the intramuscular pressure in the anterior compartment of the leg. The tissue oxygenation of the tibialis anterior muscle was measured with near-infrared spectroscopy during gradual inflation of the cuff to a pressure of forty millimeters of mercury (5.33 kilopascals) during fourteen minutes of cyclic isokinetic dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the ankle. The subjects exercised with and without external compression. The data on tissue oxygenation for each subject then were normalized to a scale of 100 per cent (the baseline value, or the value at rest) to 0 per cent (the physiological minimum, or the level of oxygenation achieved by exercise to exhaustion during arterial occlusion of the lower extremity). With external compression, tissue oxygenation declined at a rate of 1.4 +/- 0.3 per cent per minute (mean and standard error) during exercise. After an initial decrease at the onset, tissue oxygenation did not decline during exercise without compression. The recovery of tissue oxygenation after exercise was twice as slow with compression (2.5 +/- 0.6 minutes) than it was without the use of compression (1.3 +/- 0.2 minutes).
Amino acid sequence of troponin C from scallop striated adductor muscle. (1994)

Troponin and its Ca(2+)-binding subunit troponin C (TnC) of the Ezo-giant scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, have been revealed to bind only 1 mol of Ca2+/mol irrespective of the presence and absence of Mg2+. The amino acid sequence of the TnC has been determined by the automated Edman degradation. TnC is composed of 152 residues including 3 tryptophans at positions 53, 70, and 109, 4 cysteines at positions 19, 31, 67, and 145, and no proline. The molecular weight is calculated as 17,410. The NH2 terminus of TnC is blocked by an acetyl group. The sequence of scallop TnC required deletion of three residues in the D/E linker region to maximize sequence homology to other TnCs and shows considerably lower homology to vertebrate skeletal TnCs (27-30%), ascidian TnC (26%), arthropoda TnCs (30-37%), and chicken calmodulin (37%). Further, we conclude that Ezo-giant scallop TnC binds Ca2+ at site IV, a site specific for Ca2+. The other sites I, II, and III appeared to lose the Ca2+ binding ability due to substitutions of some important residues.
Overproduction, purification and characterization of the bacterioferritin of Escherichia coli and a C‐terminally extended variant (1993)

The bacterioferritin (BFR) of Escherichia coli is an iron-sequestering haemoprotein composed of 24 identical polypeptide chains forming an approximately spherical protein shell with a central iron-storage cavity. BFR and BFR-lambda, a variant with a 14-residue C-terminal extension, have been amplified (120-fold and 50-fold, respectively), purified by a new procedure and characterized. The overproduced BFR exhibited properties similar to those of natural BFR, but the iron content (25-75 non-haem Fe atoms/molecule) was 13-39-fold lower. Two major assembly states of BFR were detected, a 24-subunit protein (tetracosamer) and a novel haem-containing subunit dimer. BFR-lambda subunits assembled into tetracosamers having the same external-surface properties as BFR, presumably because their C-terminal extensions project into and occupy about 60% of the central cavity. As a result, BFR-lambda failed totake up iron under conditions that allowed incorporation into BFR in vitro. The haem content of BFR-lambda (1-2 haems/tetracosamer) was lower than that of BFR (3.5-10.5 haems/tetracosamer) and this, together with a difference in the visible spectra of the two haemoproteins, suggested that the C-terminal extensions in BFR-lambda perturb the haem-binding pockets. A subunit dimer form of BFR-lambda was not detected. A combination of Mössbauer spectroscopy and electron diffraction showed that the BFR loaded with iron in vitro has a ferrihydrite-like iron core, whereas the in-vivo loaded protein has an amorphous core.
始于疑惑情结的艺术——论莫勒欧·庞蒂、塞尚与贾柯梅第 (1998)

莫勒欧·庞蒂的短文《塞尚的疑虑》发表于1945年的12月。同年,他出版了他的专著《感觉现象学》,这本书后来成为存在主义现象学的经典宣言并与琼—保尔·莎特(Jean-paul Sartre)一道创立了“Les TempsModernes”。莫勒欧·庞蒂这篇短文表面上看去好象是对塞尚绘画的考证,其实,庞蒂在塞尚的绘画中找到了与他的哲学沉思相似的艺术精神。不过,我们的审慎应当有所保留。就象沙宾·库特(Sabub Cotte)注意到的,虽然法国国家博物馆馆长认为“塞尚的各种理论的自相矛盾足以使一个人去确认任何事物”。但是,这儿有一个危险——莫勒欧·庞蒂在塞尚绘画中所发现的不外乎是他
Radiochemical Separations by Liquid-Liquid Chromatography Using PSM Support (1977)

Journal Article Radiochemical Separations by Liquid-Liquid Chromatography Using PSM Support Get access E.P. Horwitz, E.P. Horwitz Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.A.A. Bloomquist, C.A.A. Bloomquist Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W.H. Delphin W.H. Delphin Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 15, Issue 2, February 1977, Pages 41–46, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/15.2.41 Published: 01 February 1977 Article history Received: 26 August 1976 Published: 01 February 1977
Two nicking enzyme systems specific for mismatch-containing DNA in nuclear extracts from human cells. (1991)

We have identified two novel enzyme systems in human HeLa nuclear extracts that can nick at specific sites of DNA molecules with base mismatches, in addition to the T/G mismatch-specific nicking enzyme system (Wiebauer, K., and Jiricny, J. (1989) Nature 339, 234-236). One enzyme (called all-type) can nick all eight base mismatches with different efficiencies. The other (A/G-specific) nicks only DNA containing an A/G mismatch. The all-type enzyme can be separated from the T/G-specific and A/G-specific nicking enzymes by Bio-Rex 70 chromatography. Further purification on a DEAE-5PW column separated the A/G-specific nicking enzyme from the T/G-specific nicking enzyme. Therefore, at least three different enzyme systems are able to cleave mismatched DNA in HeLa nuclear extracts. The all-type and A/G-specific enzymes work at different optimal salt concentrations and cleave at different sites within the mismatched DNA. The all-type enzyme can only cleave at the first phosphodiester bond 5' to the mispaired bases. This enzyme shows nick disparity to only one DNA strand and may be involved in genetic recombination. The A/G-specific enzyme simultaneously makes incisions at the first phosphodiester bond both 5' and 3' to the mispaired adenine but not the guanine base. This enzyme may be involved in an A/G mismatch-specific repair similar to the Escherichia coli mutY (or micA)-dependent pathway.
Heterogeneous catalysis by solid superacids. 24. Antimony pentafluoride-graphite catalyzed oxidative conversion of methyl halides with copper oxides (or copper/oxygen) to dimethyl ether (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterogeneous catalysis by solid superacids. 24. Antimony pentafluoride-graphite catalyzed oxidative conversion of methyl halides with copper oxides (or copper/oxygen) to dimethyl etherGeorge A. Olah and Jozef BukalaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 14, 4289–4293Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00301a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00301a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Complex of a Designer Antibiotic with a Model Aminoacyl Site of the 30S Ribosomal Subunit Revealed by X-ray Crystallography (2003)

The ribosome is an important target for aminoglycoside antibiotics; however, the clinical effectiveness of aminoglycosides has diminished due to bacterial resistance mechanisms. Here we report the X-ray structure of a novel synthetic aminoglycoside bound to the A site of the ribosome, its target for manifestation of activity. The structure validates the in silico design paradigms for the antibiotic and reveals the molecular interactions made by this novel antibiotic in prokaryotes.
HTML 4.0 sourcebook (1995)

From the Publisher:
With The HTML Sourcebook, Second Edition, you'll quickly master all the commands, tools, and techniques you need to create state-of-the-art Web page documents. This extensively revised edition of the bestselling guide to online publishing using HTML now provides complete coverage of HTML 3.0, the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) Standard experimental HTML features such as Netscape and Microsoft extensions, Web document design, and more. Of course, you'll still find the clear, step-by-step guidelines, priceless pointers, and abundance of instructive examples - complete with code and screen captures - that made the first edition of this book the standard reference on HTML for the Web page developer community.
Cloning of the human taurine transporter and characterization of taurine uptake in thyroid cells (1993)

A cDNA clone encoding a taurine transporter, designated HTAU, has been isolated from human thyroid. It contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 619 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 69,675 Da. The predicted amino acid sequence of HTAU is highly homologous to those of dog kidney and rat brain. The HTAU mRNA was detectable in various human tissues examined. Transient expression of HTAU in COS-7 cells conferred a higher taurine uptake. The taurine uptake in FRTL-5 cells appears to be regulated by thyrotropin through cAMP. Finally, a higher taurine uptake may be associated with a higher proliferation rate in some cultured cell lines.