gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Land navigation and fleet management with GPS, Loran, and dead reckoning sensors (2003)

The Hunter Vehicle Tracking System (VTS) is presented. The block diagram of the system is presented, and elements of the in-vehicle unit (IVU) and the dispatch control-unit (DCU) are studied. Some practical considerations about the communications links are presented. Map database generation from common geodetically referenced data sources such as the 7.5-min USGS quads is discussed. Implemented as a geodetically referenced system, the VTS can accept inputs from sensors of navigational receivers such as GPS (Global Positioning System) and Loran-C. A comparison of results between GPS and Loran is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
<title>Use Of BRDF Data In Determining Surface Roughness</title> (1983)

Vector theory has been used to obtain the power spectral density of the surface height distribution at several different wavelengths, conditions of polarization and geometries. The surface height was then determined both by integration and by curve fitting.
Receptor-Dependent Mechanisms of Cell Stimulation by Bacterial Endotoxin (1995)

In humans and experimental animals the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin, LPS) signals the presence of gram-negative bacteria. Recognition of LPS triggers gene induction by myeloid and nonmyeloid lineage cells. These inducible genes encode proteins that include cytokines, adhesive proteins, and enzymes that produce low molecular weight proinflammatory mediators. Together the products of these inducible genes upregulate host defense systems that participate in eliminating the bacterial infection. Unfortunately, these same mediators contribute to a serious human disease known as septic shock. Considerable progress has been made during the past decade in determining the sources, identities, and sequence of release of these mediators. In contrast, until recently, marked gaps in our knowledge existed regarding the identity of the LPS receptor and intracellular signaling pathways responsible for LPS-induced cell activation. The discovery in 1986 of a plasma protein termed LPS binding protein (LBP) led to the discovery of unanticipated mechanisms of LPS-induced cell activation. CD14 was found as a soluble serum protein or as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein of myeloid lineage cells; it now occupies a key role in LPS-induced cell activation as we understand it today. Here we discuss how LBP enables LPS binding to CD14 and how complexes of LPS and soluble or GPI-anchored CD14 participate in cell activation. We also review the evidence supporting a model for a functional LPS receptor of myeloid cells, which is multimeric, comprised of GPI-anchored CD14 and a presently unidentified transmembrane protein that together bind LPS and initiate cell activation via kinase cascades.
Rapid development of glycan-specific, broad, and potent anti–HIV-1 gp120 neutralizing antibodies in an R5 SIV/HIV chimeric virus infected macaque (2011)

It is widely believed that the induction of a broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) response will be a critical component of a successful vaccine against HIV. A significant fraction of HIV-infected individuals mount bNAb responses, providing support for the notion that such responses could be elicited through vaccination. Infection of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or SIV/HIV chimeric virus (SHIV) has been widely used to model aspects of HIV infection, but to date, only limited bNAb responses have been described. Here, we screened plasma from 14 R5-tropic SHIV-infected macaques for broadly neutralizing activity and identified a macaque with highly potent cross-clade plasma NAb response. Longitudinal studies showed that the development of broad and autologous NAb responses occurred coincidentally in this animal. Serum-mapping studies, using pseudovirus point mutants and antigen adsorption assays, indicated that the plasma bNAbs are specific for epitopes that include carbohydrates and are critically dependent on the glycan at position 332 of Env gp120. The results described herein provide insight into the development and evolution of a broad response, suggest that certain bNAb specificities may be more rapidly induced by immunization than others, and provide a potential model for the facile study of the development of bNAb responses.
Characterization ofD-Aminoacylase fromAlcaligenes denitrificansDA181 (1992)

The D-aminoacylase produced by Alcaligenes denitrificans DA181 was a new type of aminoacylase which had both high stereospecificity and specific activity. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of this enzyme were 58,000 and 4.4, respectively. The apparent Km and kcat values of this enzyme for N-acetyl-D-methionine were estimated to be 0.48 mM and 6.24 x 10(4) min-1, respectively. The optimum temperature was 45 degrees C. The enzyme was stable up to 55 degrees C for 1 hr in the presence of 0.2 mg/ml bovine serum albumin. The enzyme was stable in the pH range of 6.0 to 11.0 with an optimum pH of 7.5. This enzyme contained about 2.1 g atom of zinc per mole of enzyme. Enzyme activity was inhibited by incubation with EDTA. The inhibition by EDTA was fully reversed by Co2+ and partially by Zn2+.
Performance of an embedded SAW sensor for filter bed monitor and the development of a wireless monitoring prototype system (2002)

Methods of measuring the residual adsorption capacity of porous carbon gas filters are virtually non-existent. The main objective of our work is to evaluate the performance of gas sensors that can be operated successfully when embedded in the carbon of a gas filter. This paper describes how polymer-coated SAW sensors have been utilized to monitor the progression of dimethyl methylphosphonate through a filter test bed filled with carbon adsorbent. Performance of the sensor and the breakthrough characteristics of the filter test bed are described. We also describe the design of a miniature, wireless, remotely-powered SAW sensor system.
Efficient Catalytic System for the Selective Production of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural from Glucose and Fructose (2008)

A sweet conversion! A NHC–Cr/ionic liquid system has achieved excellent efficiency and the highest 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (1; see scheme; NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) yields reported thus far for both fructose and glucose feedstocks. The catalyst and ionic liquid are tolerant of high substrate loading and can be recycled after extraction of the product.
Probabilistic Visitor Stitching on Cross-Device Web Logs (2017)

Personalization -- the customization of experiences, interfaces, and content to individual users -- has catalyzed user growth and engagement for many web services. A critical prerequisite to personalization is establishing user identity. However the variety of devices, including mobile phones, appliances, and smart watches, from which users access web services from both anonymous and logged-in sessions poses a significant obstacle to user identification. The resulting entity resolution task of establishing user identity across devices and sessions is commonly referred to as ``visitor stitching.'' We introduce a general, probabilistic approach to visitor stitching using features and attributes commonly contained in web logs. Using web logs from two real-world corporate websites, we motivate the need for probabilistic models by quantifying the difficulties posed by noise, ambiguity, and missing information in deployment. Next, we introduce our approach using probabilistic soft logic (PSL), a statistical relational learning framework capable of capturing similarities across many sessions and enforcing transitivity. We present a detailed description of model features and design choices relevant to the visitor stitching problem. Finally, we evaluate our PSL model on binary classification performance for two real-world visitor stitching datasets. Our model demonstrates significantly better performance than several state-of-the-art classifiers, and we show how this advantage results from collective reasoning across sessions.
TRANSIENT TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN HUMAN DERMAL PART WITH PROTECTIVE LAYER AT LOW ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE (2010)

A mathematical model of temperature distribution in human dermal part under cooling is discussed in this paper. The skin is assumed to be covered by artificial protective layer which absorbs sweat. The metabolic heat generation rate in subcutaneous part is assumed to be decreasing exponentially. Also the quantitative behavior of blood flow rate due to cooling is considered in this part. Finite element approach based on calculus of variations has been employed to solve the model equations with appropriate considerations regarding parameters.
Retinal Oxygen Tension and the Electroretinogram During Arterial Occlusion in the Cat (1996)

Purpose. Retinal oxygen tension (PO 2 ), photoreceptor oxygen consumption (QO 2 ), the local electroretinogram (LERG), and the vitreally recorded electroretinogram (ERG) were evaluated during retinal artery occlusion in the cat. The feasibility of supplying the retina with oxygen during occlusion by ventilation with 100% O 2 was evaluated. Methods. Double-barreled oxygen microelectrodes were used to measure intraretinal PO 2 and LERGs in anesthetized cats before, during, and after occlusion of a single retinal artery. Outer retinal (photoreceptor) QO 2 was determined from retinal PO 2 profiles. Results. During air breathing, occlusion obliterated the LERG b-wave and reduced the vitreal ERG by the amount expected from the area supplied by the occluded vessel. The PO 2 in the entire inner retina was zero, and photoreceptor QO 2 was decreased by approximately 25%. Inspiration of 100% O 2 restored the b-wave amplitude to approximately 50% of normal and increased the amount of O 2 reaching the inner retina. Hyperoxia could not guarantee nonzero PO 2 across the entire retina in either darkness or light, but it elevated the average PO 2 in the innermost 25% of the retina to more than 20 mm Hg. The b-wave amplitude must have been affected by some factor in addition to local hypoxia, because the amplitude was not correlated with inner retinal PO 2 during occlusion, and a normal PO 2 did not result in a normal LERG. Effects of 2 to 2.5 hours of occlusion were reversible if 100% O 2 inspiration was maintained during most of the occlusion. Conclusions. Ventilation with 100% O 2 during occlusion increased the PO 2 across most of the retina and partially restored the LERG b-wave, but the tissue near the vitreous was still sometimes anoxic. The illumination status seemed to make little difference. Inspiration of elevated O 2 might be beneficial in treating retinal vascular occlusive disease, although it alone cannot completely maintain retinal function
Nociceptive stimulation activates locus coeruleus neurones projecting to the somatosensory thalamus in the rat (2005)

In the thalamus, noradrenergic output from the pontine nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) may actively shape the response properties of various sensory networks en route to the cortex. Little is known, however, about the involvement of ascending noradrenergic innervation of the somatosensory thalamus in the processing of nociceptive information. To address this question, we combined the study of Fos expression upon nociceptive tooth pulp stimulation in the anaesthetized rat, with the detection of retrogradely traced neurones from the somatosensory thalamus. Cell bodies labelled retrogradely from the left thalamus were observed on both sides of the LC, with an ipsilateral predominance (n = 8). Electrical stimulation of the right incisor pulp (n = 4) provoked a significantly stronger Fos expression (around twice) than sham surgery (n = 4), in both the ipsi- and contralateral LC. Significantly larger numbers of double labelled neurones were counted in the LC of tooth-pulp-stimulated animals (representing around 30% of retrogradely labelled cells in LC) than in the LC of sham animals. They were found bilaterally, but with a clear, significant, ipsilateral (i.e. left) predominance. The present data offer an anatomical framework to understand how the LC is involved in the sensory processing of nociceptive information in the thalamus. For the first time, it is shown that nociceptive stimulation activates LC neurones projecting to the somatosensory thalamus. This suggests a new role for LC in modulating nociception within the thalamus.
DeepSAGE—digital transcriptomics with high sensitivity, simple experimental protocol and multiplexing of samples (2006)

Digital transcriptomics with pyrophosphatase based ultra-high throughput DNA sequencing of di-tags provides high sensitivity and cost-effective gene expression profiling. Sample preparation and handling are greatly simplified compared to Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE). We compare DeepSAGE and LongSAGE data and demonstrate greater power of detection and multiplexing of samples derived from potato. The transcript analysis revealed a great abundance of up-regulated potato transcripts associated with stress in dormant potatoes compared to harvest. Importantly, many transcripts were detected that cannot be matched to known genes, but is likely to be part of the abiotic stress-response in potato.
A configurable component-based software system for magnetic field measurements (2005)

A new software system to test accelerator magnets has been developed at Fermilab. The magnetic measurement technique involved employs a single stretched wire to measure alignment parameters and magnetic field strength. The software for the system is built on top of a flexible component-based framework, which allows for easy reconfiguration and runtime modification. Various user interface, data acquisition, analysis, and data persistence components can be configured to form different measurement systems that are tailored to specific requirements (e.g., involving magnet type or test stand). The system can also be configured with various measurement sequences or tests, each of them controlled by a dedicated script. It is capable of working interactively as well as executing a preselected sequence of tests. Each test can be parameterized to fit the specific magnet type or test stand requirements. The system has been designed with portability in mind and is capable of working on various platforms, such as Linux, Solaris, and Windows. It can be configured to use a local data acquisition subsystem or a remote data acquisition computer, such as a VME processor running VxWorks. All hardware-oriented components have been developed with a simulation option that allows for running and testing measurements in the absence of data acquisition hardware.
Flow cytometric analysis using digital signal processing (1995)

Current commercial flow cytometers employ analog circuits to produce the feature values of the pulse waveforms that result from particle analysis. The use of analog pulse processing limits the features that can be measured to pulse integral, pulse height, and pulse width, and a large amount of potentially relevant information about the shape of the pulse waveform is lost. Direct digitizing of the waveform provides a means for the extraction of additional features, for example, pulse skewness and kurtosis, as well as the Fourier properties of the pulse. Here we describe a digital pulse waveform processing system that is compatible both with a commercial flow cytometer, and with a readily available computational platform. The performance of the digital and analog systems were compared through analysis of synthetic waveforms, and the waveforms produced by standard fluorescence microspheres and biological particles. The digital waveform processing system was found to be accurate and flexible, and the value of several of its unique attributes was demonstrated using biological cells. A protocol was designed in which digital pulse processing provided a means for the quantitative monitoring of the optical alignment of the flow cytometer. It was shown that digital pulse processing could be used to discriminate between particle classes which produce feature values indistinguishable through analog pulse processing, and to discriminate accurately single cells from doublets and larger aggregates.
Amendment to the guideline for diagnosis and investigation of polycythaemia/erythrocytosis (2007)

We published an evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis, investigation and management of polycythaemia/erythrocytosis (McMullin et al, 2005). It has subsequently been reported that the mutation JAK2V617F is present in approximately 95% of patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) especially if a polymerase chain reaction-based detection method is used (Baxter et al, 2005; James et al, 2005; Kralovics et al, 2005; Levine et al, 2005). Moreover different JAK2 mutations (affecting exon 12) are found in patients with PV who lack the V617F mutation (Scott et al, 2007). The presence of these abnormalities has implications for the diagnosis and therefore investigation of polycythaemia. JAK2 mutations (both V617F and exon 12 mutations) can be detected in the peripheral blood using one of several sensitive molecular methods and are not associated with relative or secondary erythrocytosis. We therefore propose that the diagnostic criteria for PV should be adapted as shown in Table I, as suggested by Campbell and Green (2006). This simplifies the diagnosis and the need for investigation in those who are JAK2 mutation positive. In the JAK2 negative group, the platelet count threshold is raised from 400 × 109/l to 450 × 109/l, which is in keeping with the upper limit of the normal range in most laboratories. These diagnostic criteria will alter the number and sequence in which investigations need to be carried out. Start with a thorough history and examination, to identify most patients with a secondary cause and arrange confirmatory investigations. Then stage 1 initial screening tests will identify those with JAK2-positive clonal disease in whom there is no need to proceed further with further investigations: History and examination Full blood count/film JAK2 mutation Serum ferritin Renal and liver function tests If the initial screening tests are negative for a JAK2 mutation and there is no obvious secondary cause then further investigations are indicated. A red cell mass is required first and if an absolute erythrocytosis is confirmed then the following tests are appropriate. Red cell mass Arterial oxygen saturation Abdominal ultrasound Serum erythropoietin level Bone marrow aspirate and trephine Cytogenetic analysis Erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E) culture For those patients who do not fulfil either set of criteria and who have erythrocytosis there are a number of specialised tests that may need to be considered. Some of these are listed below. Arterial oxygen dissociation Sleep study Lung function studies Gene mutations EPOR, VHL, EGLN1 (also known as PHD2)
Unmet clinical needs in chronic spontaneous urticaria. A GA2LEN task force report1 (2010)

Chronic spontaneous urticaria, formerly also known as chronic idiopathic urticaria and chronic urticaria (CU), is more common than previously thought. At any time, 0.5-1% of the population suffers from the disease (point prevalence). Although all age groups can be affected, the peak incidence is seen between 20 and 40 years of age. The duration of the disease is generally 1-5 years but is likely to be longer in more severe cases, cases with concurrent angioedema, in combination with physical urticaria or with a positive autologous serum skin test (autoreactivity). Chronic spontaneous urticaria has major detrimental effects on quality of life, with sleep deprivation and psychiatric comorbidity being frequent. It also has a large impact on society in terms of direct and indirect health care costs as well as reduced performance at work and in private life. In the majority of patients, an underlying cause cannot be identified making a causal and/or curative treatment difficult. Nonsedating H₁-antihistamines are the mainstay of symptomatic therapy, but treatment with licensed doses relieves symptoms effectively in < 50% of patients. Although guideline-recommended updosing up to fourfold increases symptom control in many patients, a substantial number of patients have only little benefit from H₁ -antihistamines. Consequently, there is a great need for new therapeutic strategies.
邮件路由在Exchange Server 2007 中的变化——这样的变化将带来更加高效的邮件传输 (2007)

随着Exchange Server 2007的发布。许多客户向我们抱怨在同一组织内的Exchange Server 2007服务器和Exchange Server 2003服务器之间的邮件发送存在问题。造成这个问题的原因就是微软在Exchange Server 2007中对于邮件路由进行了重新的设计。本文向大家详细介绍了这些变化。以及应该如何准备一个Exchange 2000／2003和Exchange Server 2007共存的环境。
Enhancement of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine accumulation within L1210 cells and increased cytotoxicity following thymidine exposure. (1980)

The effect of prior exposure to thymidine (dThd) on the intracellular accumulation of deoxycytidine (dCyd) and 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), as well as intracellular deoxyribonucleotide pools, was studied in suspension cultures of L1210 cells during logarithmic growth. Pretreatment with 0.1 mm dThd for 5 hr resulted in an increase in intracellular dCyd incorporation from 30 pmol dCyd per 106 cells to 220 pmol dCyd per 106 cells following 1 hr exposure to 5 µm [3H]dCyd. Under the same conditions, the intracellular incorporation of ara-C was increased from 32 pmol ara-C per 106 cells to 120 pmol ara-C per 106 cells following 1 hr exposure to 5 µm [3H]-ara-C. Utilization of a 1-hr dThd exposure time, as well as dThd concentrations of 0.01 and 2 mm, resulted in less intracellular enhancement of dCyd and ara-C incorporation. Following a 5-hr exposure to 0.1 mm dThd, the incorporation of [3H]ara-C into RNA increased from 0.21 to 0.48 pmol ara-C per µg d-ribose; DNA incorporation increased from 0.70 to 3.50 pmol ara-C per µg deoxyribose. In addition, dThd pretreatment was associated with an 8-fold increase in 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5′-triphosphate production.

The maximum reduction of intracellular deoxycytidine 5′-triphosphate pools, from 106 pmol/106 cells to 25 pmol/106 cells, occurred after a 5-hr exposure of 0.1 mm dThd. This reduction in the deoxycytidine triphosphate pool was inversely correlated with the magnitude of the enhancement of intracellular ara-C incorporation. The sequence of 0.1 mm dThd for 5 hr followed by 5 µm ara-C for 1 hr resulted in a reduction in L1210 colony formation to 3% of control values, which represented synergistic cell killing relative to either drug given alone or the reverse drug sequence. Thus, dThd enhances the intracellular and nucleic acid incorporation of ara-C, most probably as a consequence of a reduction in deoxycytidine triphosphate pools, and this is the probable biochemical explanation for the enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity.
Design and Performance of Thin Metal Film Interconnects for Skin-Like Electronic Circuits (2004)

We prepare stretchable electrical conductors of 25-nm-thick gold films on elastomeric substrates prestretched by 15%. When the substrates relax from the prestretch, the gold stripes form surface waves with /spl sim/8.4-μm wavelength and /spl sim/1.2-μm amplitude. When the strain is cycled between 0 and 15%, both the wave pattern and the electrical resistance of the gold stripes change in reproducible cycles. Such repeatedly stretchable metallization can serve as interconnects for skin-like, conformal, and electroactive polymer circuits.