gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Casein-Related Peptides and Phosphopeptides. V. The Efficient Global 'Phosphite-Triester' Phosphorylation of Protected Serine Derivatives and Peptides by Using Dibenzyl or Di-t-butyl N,N-Diethylphosphoramidite (1990)

Both dibenzyl N,N- diethylphosphoramidite and di -t-butyl N,N- diethylphosphoramidite are shown to be suitable reagents for the efficient 1H-tetrazole-catalysed 'phosphite-triester' phosphorylation of the protected serine derivative Boc-Ser-OCH2C6H4NO2-p. Both these reagents were also used for the phosphorylation of the protected serine derivative Boc-Glu ( OBut )-Ser- Leu-OBut, and subsequent hydrogenolytic treatment of Boc-Glu ( OBut )-Ser(PO3Bzl2)- Leu-OBut or acidolytic treatment of Boc-Glu ( OBut )-Ser(PO3But2)- Leu-OBut gave the O- phosphoseryl tripeptide Glu -Ser(PO3H2)- Leu in near-quantitive yield.
Distinct roles for E2F proteins in cell growth control and apoptosis (1997)

E2F transcription activity is composed of a family of heterodimers encoded by distinct genes. Through the overproduction of each of the five known E2F proteins in mammalian cells, we demonstrate that a large number of genes encoding proteins important for cell cycle regulation and DNA replication can be activated by the E2F proteins and that there are distinct specificities in the activation of these genes by individual E2F family members. Coexpression of each E2F protein with the DP1 heterodimeric partner does not significantly alter this specificity. We also find that only E2F1 overexpression induces cells to undergo apoptosis, despite the fact that at least two other E2F family members, E2F2 and E2F3, are equally capable of inducing S phase. The ability of E2F1 to induce apoptosis appears to result from the specific induction of an apoptosis-promoting activity rather than the lack of induction of a survival activity, because co-expression of E2F2 and E2F3 does not rescue cells from E2F1-mediated apoptosis. We conclude that E2F family members play distinct roles in cell cycle control and that E2F1 may function as a specific signal for the initiation of an apoptosis pathway that must normally be blocked for a productive proliferation event.
The Impact of User Choice on Energy Consumption (2014)

Hardware and software engineers are instrumental in developing energy-efficient mobile systems. Unfortunately, the last mile of energy efficiency relies on end users' choices and requirements. Imagine a user who has no power outlet access and must remain productive on the laptop's battery. How does this person maximize battery life, yet remain productive? What does the user have to give up to keep working? This article highlights the perils that users face and the ultimate responsibility they have for their mobile devices' energy consumption. Using multiple scenarios, the authors show that executing a task can consume more or less energy depending on user requirements and software choices.
Salmonella typhiFlagella Are Potent Inducers of Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Human Monocytes (1999)

The cytokine production patterns of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in response to Salmonella typhi flagella (STF) were examined in culture supernatants of PBMC stimulated with STF. Consistent with previous findings in volunteers vaccinated with aroC aroD deletion mutants of S. typhi, PBMC from volunteers immunized with the licensed live Ty21a S. typhi vaccine secreted gamma interferon following exposure to STF. Stimulation with STF induced rapid de novo synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), followed by IL-6 and IL-10. Trypsin treatment of STF abrogated their effects, while polymyxin B had no effect. Intracellular cytokine measurements of STF-stimulated PBMC revealed the existence of monocyte subpopulations that produce only TNF-alpha, IL-1beta or both cytokines. Moreover, STF markedly decreased the percentage of CD14(+) cells. These data demonstrate that STF are powerful monocyte activators which may have important implications for vaccine development and for understanding the pathogenesis of S. typhi infection.
Microvesicles: Messengers and mediators of tumor progression (2009)

Cellular interactions play a crucial role in progression, angiogenesis and invasiveness of tumors, including glioma. The traditionally accepted view is that medium and long-range cellular communications occur primarily through gradients of soluble ligands, recognizable by the cell-associated receptors. Recent findings, however, suggest the existence of another mode of intercellular communication, where the 'units' of information are microvesicles containing a multitude of biologically active protein and RNA species, including oncogenic receptors, such as EGFRvIII. Moreover, microvesicles can be retrieved from the circulating blood of cancer patients, and reveal the presence of oncogenes in their tumors, thereby potentially serving as information-rich prognostic and predictive biomarkers.
Portable Recording in the Assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1994)

The objective assessment of patients with a presumptive diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has primarily used attended polysomnographic study. Recent technologic advances and issues of availability, convenience and cost have led to a rapid increase in the use of portable recording devices. However, limited scientific information has been published regarding the evaluation of the efficacy, accuracy, validity, utility, cost effectiveness and limitations of this portable equipment. Attaining a clear assessment of the role of portable devices is complicated by the multiplicity of recording systems and the variability of clinical settings in which they have been analyzed. This paper reviews the current knowledge base regarding portable recording in the assessment of OSA, including technical considerations, validation studies, potential advantages and disadvantages, issues of safety, current clinical usage and areas most in need of further study.
Properties of rat liver N-acylethanolamine amidohydrolase. (1985)

Rat liver microsomes and mitochondria contain an amidohydrolase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylethanolamine to ethanolamine and fatty acid. The enzyme is active over a wide range of pH, does not require divalent cations, and is inhibited by sulfhydryl-reactive agents. The detergents Triton X-100, sodium cholate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate are also inhibitory, but sodium taurodeoxycholate has little effect and was therefore used to solubilize the enzyme. The solubilized enzyme exhibits high substrate specificity for long-chain amides of ethanolamine. Amides of propanolamine or higher homologs are hydrolyzed at a drastically slower rate, and isomers prepared from long-chain amine and short-chain hydroxy acid are neither substrates nor inhibitors of the enzyme. Neither ceramide (N-acylsphingosine) nor N,O-diacylethanolamine is hydrolyzed. Both particulate and soluble enzyme preparations also catalyze the synthesis of N-acylethanolamine from ethanolamine and fatty acid, probably by the amidohydrolase acting in reverse.
荷兰“2015年防洪计划”综述 (2013)

为更加科学合理地应对洪水灾害,在关键时刻作出正确决策,荷兰组织开展了＂2015年防洪计划＂的研究与制定,简要介绍了该计划的出台背景及基本情况,重点指出其独特之处,即通过研发跨学科的预报系统,来有效提高防洪工作效率。还在其他国家建立试点、寻求合作,将洪水早期预警系统等技术推广至全球多个地区。此外,介绍了决策制定和洪水预报人员培训的模拟情景。该计划的成果已在2012年洪水风险国际会议上得以总结和展示。
Sensitive Analysis of Retinyl Esters by Isocratic Adsorption Chromatography (1989)

A sensitive method for the determination of retinyl esters, including their geometric isomers, by isocratic adsorption HPLC is described. The development of a special recycling system allows the separation of all-trans-, 13-cis, 11-cis- and 9-cis-retinyl palmitate, -stearate, -oleate, -palmitoleate and -linoleate with short retention times and high sensitivity. Extraction of the retinyl esters from various organs with mobile phase avoids additional evaporation steps. The method was evaluated by the determination of retinyl esters in small tissue samples such as tongue, trachea and inner ear. This is the first report of the detection of retinyl esters in these tissues, which are known to depend on an adequate vitamin A supply. The main ester in all cases was retinyl palmitate, followed by retinyl stearate and oleate.
Substance P and inflammatory pain: potential of substance P antagonists as analgesics. (1993)

Substance P has been implicated in peripheral inflammatory responses and recent evidence from animal models indicates that substance P (NK-1 receptor) antagonists are effective in blocking peripheral inflammatory responses as well as nociception (pain) associated with inflammation. Evidence implicating substance P in nociception is reviewed in this survey, along with evidence on the effects of NK-1 receptor antagonists and with some comments on the usefulness of such antagonists as analgesics.
Shape and stereoselective cyclopropanation of alkenes catalyzed by iron porphyrins. (1995)

Iron porphryin complexes are active catalysts for the cyclopropanation of alkenes by ethyl diazoacetate. Fe(TIP) (TIP = meso-tetra-p-tolylporphyrin), an isolated iron(II) porphyrin complex, can be used as the catalyst, or the iron(III) complexes of several porphyrins can be reduced in situ. The reactions produce synthetically useful excesses of the trans cyclopropyl ester products. This stereoselectivity exhibits a modest solvent dependence, with donor solvents giving higher ratios of the trans cyclopropane products. The diastereoselectivity exhibits only a modest dependence on the steric bulk of the porphyrin. The reactions are selective for 1-alkenes and 1, 1-disubstituted alkenes. Conjugated substrates and enol ethers react more rapidly than simple aliphatic alkenes. A mechanistic model for the iron-mediated reactions is proposed which is consistent with the data presented herein.
Induction of apoptosis in human papillomaviruspositive cancer cells by peptide aptamers targeting the viral E6 oncoprotein (2000)

Certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are closely linked to the development of human cancers. Herein, it is shown that intracellular targeting of the HPV16 E6 oncoprotein by E6-binding peptide aptamers resulted in the apoptotic elimination of HPV16-positive cancer cells, whereas HPV-negative cells were not affected. These results provide direct experimental evidence that the HPV E6 oncoprotein has antiapoptotic activity in HPV-positive tumor cells that is required for their survival. The E6-targeting molecules identified herein have implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HPV-associated dysplasias and cancers.
Therapeutic potential of various β-glucan sources in conjunction with anti-tumor monoclonal antibody in cancer therapy (2009)

Combined beta-glucan with anti-tumor mAb therapy has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in murine tumor models. The current study was designed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of various sources of beta-glucans. Our studies demonstrated that yeast beta-glucan, in combination with anti-tumor mAb, resulted in significantly smaller tumor burdens and achieved enhanced long-term survival compared to mAb alone or beta-glucan extracts from mushrooms. Further studies indicated that yeast beta-glucan particle was superior to mushroom extracts in inducing cytokine secretion, particularly IL-12 production in dendritic cells (DCs). In addition, results showed that cytokine production was markedly decreased in MyD88-deficient macrophages and DCs but not in complement receptor 3 (CR3)-deficient mice. Our data suggest that yeast beta-glucan demonstrates much stronger adjuvant activity compared to mushroom beta-glucan extracts in tumor therapy. This effect of yeast beta-glucan may be in part ascribed to the cytokine secretion by DCs and macrophages and bioavailability of active beta-glucan moiety.
Influence of Thermal Processing Protocol upon the Crystallization and Photovoltaic Performance of Organic–Inorganic Lead Trihalide Perovskites (2014)

We investigate the thermally induced morphological and crystalline development of methylammonium lead mixed halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3–xClx) thin films and photovoltaic device performance with meso-superstructured and planar heterojunction architectures. We observe that a short rapid thermal annealing at 130 °C leads to the growth of large micron-sized textured perovskite domains and improved the short circuit currents and power conversion efficiencies up to 13.5% for the planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. This work highlights the criticality of controlling the thin film crystallization mechanism of hybrid perovskite materials for high-performing photovoltaic applications.
Invited Review: The Role of Cow, Pathogen, and Treatment Regimen in the Therapeutic Success of Bovine Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis (2006)

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of udder infections in dairy herds. Both lactational and dry cow therapy are part of Staph. aureus control programs. Reported cure rates for Staph. aureus mastitis vary considerably. The probability of cure depends on cow, pathogen, and treatment factors. Cure rates decrease with increasing age of the cow, increasing somatic cell count, increasing duration of infection, increasing bacterial colony counts in milk before treatment, and increasing number of quarters infected. Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in hind quarters has a low cure rate compared with front quarters. Antimicrobial treatment of intramammary infections with penicillin-resistant Staph. aureus strains results in a lower cure rate for treatment with either beta-lactam or non-beta-lactam antibiotics. Other strain-specific factors may affect the probability of cure but routine diagnostic methods for use in bacteriology laboratories or veterinary practices are not yet available. The most important treatment factor affecting cure is treatment duration. Increased duration of treatment is associated with increased chance of cure. Economically, extended treatment is not always justified, even when indirect effects of treatment such as prevention of contagious transmission are taken into consideration. Usefulness of treatment trials could be improved by standardization of case definitions, consideration of host and strain factors, and sufficient statistical power. Treatment of young animals with penicillin-sensitive Staph. aureus infections is often justified based on bacteriological cure and economic outcome, whereas treatment of older animals, chronic infections, or penicillin-resistant isolates should be discouraged.
Supercharging adoptive T cell therapy to overcome solid tumor–induced immunosuppression (2019)

The development of new cancer immunotherapies including checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. CAR T cells have shown tremendous success in certain B cell malignancies, resulting in U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of this approach for certain types of leukemia and lymphoma. However, response rates against solid cancer have been less successful to date. Approaches to modulate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment including targeting checkpoint pathways, modulating metabolic pathways, and generating cytokine-producing T cells have led to considerable enhancement of adoptive T cell immunotherapy, first in preclinical models and now in patients. This review provides a discussion of the most recent strategies to enhance the efficacy of CAR T cell antitumor responses in solid cancers.
Antenna Array Design for Multi-Gbps mmWave Mobile Broadband Communication (2011)

Almost all cellular mobile communications including first generation analog systems, second generation digital systems, third generation WCDMA, and fourth generation OFDMA systems use Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band of radio spectrum with frequencies in the range of 300MHz-3GHz. This band of spectrum is becoming increasingly crowded due to spectacular growth in mobile data and other related services. More recently, there have been proposals to explore mmWave spectrum (3-300GHz) for commercial mobile applications due to its unique advantages such as spectrum availability and small component sizes. In this paper, we discuss system design aspects such as antenna array design, base station and mobile station requirements. We also provide system performance and SINR geometry results to demonstrate the feasibility of an outdoor mmWave mobile broadband communication system. We note that with adaptive antenna array beamforming, multi-Gbps data rates can be supported for mobile cellular deployments.
Molecular cloning of a human immunoglobulin G Fc receptor. (1988)

Human IgG Fc receptor (Fc gamma R) cDNA clones were isolated by cross-species hybridization by probing cDNA libraries with the low-affinity Fc gamma R beta 1 cDNA clone from mouse as well as a pool of oligonucleotides constructed from the nucleotide sequence of this Fc gamma R. Three cDNA clones were isolated and analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence indicated that the human Fc gamma R protein is synthesized with a 34-amino acid leader and the mature protein is composed of 281 amino acids. The extracellular region of this Fc gamma R was divided into two domains, which were very similar to each other and to the corresponding regions of both mouse alpha and beta Fc gamma Rs and showed a clear relationship to immunoglobulin variable regions. One possible N-linked glycosylation site was found in each of the extracellular domains. The human Fc gamma R leader sequence was shown to be similar to the mouse alpha Fc gamma R leader sequence, but the transmembrane region was most similar to the mouse beta 1 Fc gamma R. The intracellular domain of the human Fc gamma R was surprisingly different from both mouse Fc gamma Rs. RNA blot analysis of human cells demonstrated two transcripts (2.5 and 1.5 kilobases) that arise by use of different adenylylation signals. The cellular expression of these transcripts suggest that they encode the low-affinity p40 Fc gamma R protein.
Biologically active fragment of a human tRNA synthetase inhibits fluid shear stress-activated responses of endothelial cells (2003)

Human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) is active in translation and angiogenesis. In particular, an N-terminally truncated fragment, T2-TrpRS, that is closely related to a natural splice variant is a potent antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in several in vivo models. In contrast, full-length native TrpRS is inactive in the same models. However, vascular endothelial growth factor stimulation is only one of many physiological and pathophysiological stimuli to which the vascular endothelium responds. To investigate more broadly the role of T2-TrpRS in vascular homeostasis and pathophysiology, the effect of T2-TrpRS on well characterized endothelial cell (EC) responses to flow-induced fluid shear stress was studied. T2-TrpRS inhibited activation by flow of protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and EC NO synthase and prevented transcription of several shear stress-responsive genes. In addition, T2-TrpRS interfered with the unique ability of ECs to align in the direction of fluid flow. In all of these assays, native TrpRS was inactive, demonstrating that angiogenesis-related activity requires fragment production. These results demonstrate that T2-TrpRS can regulate extracellular signal-activated protein kinase, Akt, and EC NO synthase activation pathways that are associated with angiogenesis, cytoskeletal reorganization, and shear stress-responsive gene expression. Thus, this biological fragment of TrpRS may have a role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis.
[3H]Batrachotoxinin A 20.alpha.-benzoate binding to voltage-sensitive sodium channels: a rapid and quanitative assay for local anesthetic activity in a variety of drugs (1985)

[3H]Batrachotoxinin A benzoate ( [3H]BTX-B) binds with high affinity to sites on voltage-dependent sodium channels in a vesicular preparation from guinea pig cerebral cortex. In this preparation, local anesthetics competitively antagonize the binding of [3H]BTX-B. The potencies of some 40 classical local anesthetics and a variety of catecholamine, histamine, serotonin, adenosine, GABA, glycine, acetylcholine, and calcium antagonists, tranquilizers, antidepressants, barbiturates, anticonvulsants, steroids, vasodilators, antiinflammatories, anticoagulants, analgesics, and other agents have been determined. An excellent correlation with the known local anesthetic activity of many of these agents indicate that antagonism of binding of [3H]BTX-B binding provides a rapid, quantitative, and facile method for the screening and investigation of local anesthetic activity.
Modeling and analysis of substrate coupling in integrated circuits (1996)

This paper describes a fast and accurate simulator for characterizing the effects of substrate coupling on integrated-circuit performance. The technique uses the electrostatic Green function of the substrate medium and the fast Fourier transform algorithm. It is demonstrated that this technique is suitable for optimization of layout for minimization of substrate coupling. Analysis of substrate coupling in different types of substrates and the utility of guard rings in different types of substrates is also discussed. Experimental verification of the models is presented.
Size-dependent joule heating of gold nanoparticles using capacitively coupled radiofrequency fields (2009)

Capacitively coupled shortwave radiofrequency fields (13.56 MHz) resistively heat low concentrations (∼1 ppm) of gold nanoparticles with a thermal power dissipation of ∼380 kW/g of gold. Smaller diameter gold nanoparticles (< 50 nm) heat at nearly twice the rate of larger diameter gold nanoparticles (≥50 nm), which is attributed to the higher resistivity of smaller gold nanostructures. A Joule heating model has been developed to explain this phenomenon and provides critical insights into the rational design and engineering of nanoscale materials for noninvasive thermal therapy of cancer.
The Structure And Insertion Of Integral Proteins In Membranes (1990)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Long-Term Cardiac Outcomes of Treating Chronic Chagas Disease with Benznidazole versus No Treatment (2006)

Compared with no treatment, benznidazole treatment was associated with reduced progression of Chagas disease and increased negative seroconversion for patients presenting with nonacute disease and no heart failure. These observations indicate that a randomized, controlled trial should now be conducted.
Autoimmune Diseases Co-occurring Within Individuals and Within Families (2006)

Although the available evidence does not permit firm conclusions regarding comorbidities among the selected autoimmune diseases, results are sufficiently suggestive to warrant further study.