gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of the static dephasing regime theory to superparamagnetic iron‐oxide loaded cells (2002)

The relaxation rates of iron-oxide nanoparticles compartmentalized within cells were studied and found to satisfy predictions of the static dephasing (SD) regime theory. THP-1 cells in cell culture were loaded using two different iron-oxide nanoparticles (superparamagnetic iron-oxide (SPIO) and ultrasmall SPIO (USPIO)) with four different iron concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/ml) and for five different incubation times (6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hr). Cellular iron-oxide uptake was assessed using a newly developed imaging version of MR susceptometry, and was found to be linear with both dose and incubation time. R(2)* sensitivity to iron-oxide loaded cells was found to be 70 times greater than for R(2), and 3100 times greater than for R(1). This differs greatly from uniformly distributed nanoparticles and is consistent with a cellular bulk magnetic susceptibility (BMS) relaxation mechanism. The cellular magnetic moment was large enough that R(2)' relaxivity agreed closely with SD regime theory predictions for all cell samples tested [R(2)'=2 pi/(9 x the square root of 3) x gamma LMD] where the local magnetic dose (LMD) is the sample magnetization due to the presence of iron-oxide particles). Uniform suspensions of SPIO and USPIO produced R(2)' relaxivities that were a factor of 3 and 8 less, respectively, than SD regime theory predictions. These results are consistent with theoretical estimates of the required mass of iron per compartment needed to guarantee SD-regime-dominant relaxivity. For cellular samples, R(2) was shown to be dependent on both the concentration and distribution of iron-oxide particles, while R(2)' was sensitive to iron-oxide concentration alone. This work is an important first step in quantifying cellular iron content and ultimately mapping the density of a targeted cell population.
Temporal stability and age-related prevalence of loss of imprinting of the insulin-like growth factor-2 gene (2009)

LOI of the IGF2 gene in PBL appears to be a stable epigenetic phenomenon in most patients. Furthermore, LOI of IGF2 was not associated with age, suggesting an inherited or congenital epigenetic event. These findings support the concept that LOI of IGF2 may be a useful risk factor for CRC predisposition.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Secretory “Pregnancy‐Associated Endometrial α1‐Globulin,” an Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein: Characterization and Use in Radioimmunoassay, Western Blots, and Immunohistochemistry (1989)

ABSTRACT: Monoclonal antibodies were raised against pregnancy‐associated endometrial ax‐globulin (α 1 ‐PEG), a 32 KD insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGF‐BP), which represents a major secretory product of the human decidualized endometrium during pregnancy. This class of IGF‐BP has been implicated in the modulation of action, inhibitory and stimulatory, of insulin‐like growth factors. Immunization with the protein purified from pregnancy endometrium resulted after myeloma fusion in the isolation of six hybridoma clones and the antibodies produced were characterized. The Ka of the antibodies ranged between 4.75 × 10 9 M 1 and 0.7 × 10 8 M −1 . In Western blots all monoclonal antibodies reacted with purified protein of molecular weight 32 KD and specifically detected this IGF‐BP species in culture medium and cytosolic extracts of pregnancy endometrium and amniotic fluid. The monoclonal antibodies appear to define three epitope‐bearing regions as evidenced by their reactivity to polypeptide fragments of the protein. After synthesis and secretion by tissue explants in vitro the protein is susceptible to cleavage into fragments possessing different monoclonal antibody‐defined reactivity. Employing immunohistochemical techniques the protein was principally localized to decidual cells in tissue sections of pregnancy endometrium and solely to these cells after enzymic digestion of the tissue. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to potential role of IGF‐BP in the action of IGF upon the IGF‐1 receptor‐bearing populations, including lymphocytes and trophoblast cells, D in the decidua.
Microencapsulation of Mammalian Cells (2018)

Microencapsulation has been successfully used to grow a large number of mammalian cell types. The methods of encapsulation have been used to culture monoclonal antibody-secreting hybridomas. The major application of encapsulated mammalian cells is the production of monoclonal antibodies. The encapsulation process is gentle enough to permit a high degree of survivability and flexible enough to allow control over the porosity of the capsular membrane. The microencapsulated cells have been used to produce large quantities of monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins. Other applications include both in vivo and in vitro uses. Microencapsulated tumor cells have been used to assess the effect of various anticancer drugs in vivo. Human tumor cells were encapsulated and injected intraperitoneally into mice. The antitumor drugs to be tested were administered and the response of the encapsulated tumor cells measured. The drugs were found to cross the capsule membrane and act on the tumor cells inside the capsules.
Overexpression of LRIG1 regulates PTEN via MAPK/MEK signaling pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2016)

The present study aimed to evaluate the role of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin‑like domain protein 1 (LRIG1) in the regulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression in esophageal carcinogenesis. LRIG1 was overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines, and the effect of LRIG1 overexpression on the mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN was evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Furthermore, the effects of LRIG1 overexpression on the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of ESCC cells were examined by flow cytometry. Various cell signaling pathway inhibitors were used to assess the effects of LRIG1 on downstream signaling in ESCC cell lines. In addition, the association between LRIG1 and PTEN expression was examined in 48 samples from patients with ESCC. LRIG1 overexpression was demonstrated to downregulate PTEN expression in ESCC cell lines, and promote their proliferation and inhibit apoptosis. In addition, LRIG1‑mediated suppression of PTEN expression was inhibited by the U0126 inhibitor, which suggests that LRIG1 may inhibit the activation of PTEN signaling molecules by triggering the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK)/MAPK kinase 1 (MEK) signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that overexpression of LRIG1 significantly and adversely affected the survival of ESCC cells, and that the MAPK/MEK signaling pathway may be responsible for the repression of PTEN expression and function.
Lichen picker's dermatitis (Cladonia alpestris (L) Rab.) (1981)

The frequency and immunological background of dermatitis occurring in lichen pickers during the 3- to 4-month picking season were studied in a small community in northern Finland. Thirty of 164 lichen pickers had suffered from dermatitis at least on the fingers and the dorsa of their hands, and many of them also had dermatitis on their forearms, faces, etc. Fifteen of them were subjected to epicutaneous and photo-epicutaneous testing with crushed Cladonia alpestris (L.) Rab. and some fractions of it. Allergic contact reactions were seen in nine subjects, three of whom also had positive photo-epicutaneous test reactions from lichen allergens. No immediate reactions were seen in scratch or scratch chamber tests with crushed Cl. alpestris or with its alcoholic extract.
Recent Developments in the Application of Plasmid DNA-Based Vectors and Small Interfering RNA Therapeutics for Cancer (2006)

Increased understanding of the molecular pathological mechanisms of cancer, the advent of novel molecular tools such as synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) or plasmid DNA-based vectors (pDNA), and technology for the in vivo delivery of such biomolecular therapeutics have provided an encouraging perspective for cancer therapy. Numerous pDNAs and siRNAs have been tested in preclinical cancer models, and these first approaches have reached clinical evaluation. The therapeutic effector mechanisms include interference with neoangiogenesis, blockage of cell division, promotion of apoptosis and sensitization to chemotherapy, delivery of cytotoxic genes, and activation of anticancer immune responses. Physical methods have been developed for highly effective regional delivery. A series of innovative "smart" formulations directs the current development toward safe and effective systemic tumor-targeted delivery of pDNA and siRNA.
Adaptation in Vertebrate Photoreceptors (2001)

When light is absorbed within the outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor, the conformation of the photopigment rhodopsin is altered to produce an activated photoproduct called metarhodopsin II or Rh(*). Rh(*) initiates a transduction cascade similar to that for metabotropic synaptic receptors and many hormones; the Rh(*) activates a heterotrimeric G protein, which in turn stimulates an effector enzyme, a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. The phosphodiesterase then hydrolyzes cGMP, and the decrease in the concentration of free cGMP reduces the probability of opening of channels in the outer segment plasma membrane, producing the electrical response of the cell. Photoreceptor transduction can be modulated by changes in the mean light level. This process, called light adaptation (or background adaptation), maintains the working range of the transduction cascade within a physiologically useful region of light intensities. There is increasing evidence that the second messenger responsible for the modulation of the transduction cascade during background adaptation is primarily, if not exclusively, Ca(2+), whose intracellular free concentration is decreased by illumination. The change in free Ca(2+) is believed to have a variety of effects on the transduction mechanism, including modulation of the rate of the guanylyl cyclase and rhodopsin kinase, alteration of the gain of the transduction cascade, and regulation of the affinity of the outer segment channels for cGMP. The sensitivity of the photoreceptor is also reduced by previous exposure to light bright enough to bleach a substantial fraction of the photopigment in the outer segment. This form of desensitization, called bleaching adaptation (the recovery from which is known as dark adaptation), seems largely to be due to an activation of the transduction cascade by some form of bleached pigment. The bleached pigment appears to activate the G protein transducin directly, although with a gain less than Rh(*). The resulting decrease in intracellular Ca(2+) then modulates the transduction cascade, by a mechanism very similar to the one responsible for altering sensitivity during background adaptation.
alpha-Galactosylceramide (AGL-517) treatment protects mice from lethal irradiation. (1997)

AGL-517 (AGL) has an alpha-galactosylceramide structure and is a derivative of agelasphin-9b, which in turn is isolated from Agelas mauritianus and has immunomodulating activity. When administered before irradiation, AGL has been found to increase survival rates in lethally irradiated mice. In this study, we found that a single injection of AGL administered within 2 hours of lethal irradiation resulted in the long-term survival of mice without bone marrow transplantation. Peripheral blood hematology showed that AGL administration accelerated the recovery of hematopoietic parameters, including reticulocytes and red and white blood cells. Recovery of platelets was moderate. In addition, AGL significantly increased the number of endogenous colony forming units-spleen (E-CFU-S). AGL itself displayed no colony-stimulating activity, but AGL-stimulated spleen cell-conditioned medium (AGL-SCM) promoted the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mononuclear cells from normal mice and Lin marrow cells from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice. Using suitable assay systems, we analyzed cytokines in AGL-SCM and found significant increases in stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-6 levels compared with control SCM. Additionally, using immunoenzymetric assays, we assessed serum levels of these factors in AGL-treated mice after lethal irradiation. The serum concentrations of IL-3, GM-CSF, and IL-6 were substantially elevated, the maximum levels being reached within 2 hours of injection. Despite inducing the in vitro increase in SCF, AGL did not elevate serum SCF levels. However, certain levels of SCF (approximately 5 ng/mL) were detected in mouse serum regardless of irradiation or AGL treatment. When irradiated mice were given a cytokine cocktail composed of recombinant murine (rm) IL-3, rmGM-CSF, and recombinant human (rh) IL-6 three times a day for 6 days (1 microg of each factor per mouse per day) starting 2 hours after irradiation, 60% of the mice achieved 50-day survival. The radioprotective effect of AGL can be attributed, in part, to the cooperative effect of the cytokines induced by AGL in vivo. These findings suggest that AGL may be a useful in treating radiation-induced hematopoietic damage.
CAUSES OF UNSUCCESSFUL RANIBIZUMAB TREATMENT IN EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN CLINICAL SETTINGS (2012)

Although uncommon, visual loss may occur during ranibizumab treatment and is because of the natural course of age-related macular degeneration in most cases.
Free-hands interaction in augmented reality (2013)

The ability to use free-hand gestures is extremely important for mobile augmented reality applications. This paper proposes a computer vision-driven model for natural free-hands interaction in augmented reality. The novelty of the research is the use of robust hand modeling by combining Viola&Jones and Active Appearance Models. A usability study evaluates the hands free interaction model in with a focus on the accuracy of hand based pointing for menu navigation and menu item selection. The results indicate high accuracy of pointing and high usability of the free-hands interaction in augmented reality. The research is part of a joint project of TU Delft and the Netherlands Forensic Institute in The Hague, aiming at the development of novel technologies for crime scene investigations.
Generation of Functional Insulin-Producing Cells from Neonatal Porcine Liver-Derived Cells by PDX1/VP16, BETA2/NeuroD and MafA (2013)

Surrogate β-cells derived from stem cells are needed to cure type 1 diabetes, and neonatal liver cells may be an attractive alternative to stem cells for the generation of β-cells. In this study, we attempted to generate insulin-producing cells from neonatal porcine liver-derived cells using adenoviruses carrying three genes: pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor1 (PDX1)/VP16, BETA2/NeuroD and v-maf musculo aponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MafA), which are all known to play critical roles in pancreatic development. Isolated neonatal porcine liver-derived cells were sequentially transduced with triple adenoviruses and grown in induction medium containing a high concentration of glucose, epidermal growth factors, nicotinamide and a low concentration of serum following the induction of aggregation for further maturation. We noted that the cells displayed a number of molecular characteristics of pancreatic β-cells, including expressing several transcription factors necessary for β-cell development and function. In addition, these cells synthesized and physiologically secreted insulin. Transplanting these differentiated cells into streptozotocin-induced immunodeficient diabetic mice led to the reversal of hyperglycemia, and more than 18% of the cells in the grafts expressed insulin at 6 weeks after transplantation. These data suggested that neonatal porcine liver-derived cells can be differentiated into functional insulin-producing cells under the culture conditions presented in this report and indicated that neonatal porcine liver-derived cells (NPLCs) might be useful as a potential source of cells for β-cell replacement therapy in efforts to cure type I diabetes.
Cloning and Characterization of IL-10-Related T Cell-Derived Inducible Factor (IL-TIF), a Novel Cytokine Structurally Related to IL-10 and Inducible by IL-9 (2000)

IL-9 is a Th2 cytokine active on various cell types such as T and B lymphocytes, mast cells, and eosinophils, and potentially involved in allergy and asthma. To understand better the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of this cytokine, we used a cDNA subtraction method to identify genes specifically induced by IL-9 in mouse T cells. One of the IL-9-regulated genes isolated by this approach turned out to encode a 180-amino acid long protein, including a potential signal peptide, and showing 22% amino acid identity with IL-10. This protein, designated IL-10-related T cell-derived inducible factor (IL-TIF), is induced by IL-9 in thymic lymphomas, T cells, and mast cells, and by lectins in freshly isolated splenocytes. Experiments concerning the mechanism regulating IL-TIF expression in T cells indicate that IL-9 induction is rapid (within 1 h), does not require protein synthesis, and depends on the activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT pathway. In vivo, constitutive expression of IL-TIF was detected by RT-PCR in thymus and brain, suggesting that the role of this new factor is not restricted to the immune system. Transfection of HEK293 cells with the IL-TIF cDNA resulted in the production of a glycosylated protein of about 25 kDa that was found to induce STAT activation in mesangial and neuronal cell lines. Further studies will have to address the possibility that some of the IL-9 activities may be mediated by IL-TIF.
Genetic Evaluation for Somatic Cell Score with a Test Day Model for Multiple Lactations (1995)

A multiple lactation model for test day data was applied to predict genetic merit for somatic cell scores of Canadian Holsteins. The model for genetic evaluation included a fixed effect for herd test date, fixed regressions on functions of days of lactation, random effects of permanent environment within lactation, random genetic effects on animal, and residual effects. Records from the first three lactations were used and treated as different traits. Procedures for this model, developed for national genetic evaluation for somatic cell score in Canada, were found to be practical. Use of starting values from the previous genetic evaluation reduced the number of rounds necessary to reach convergence. Test day models were compared with several single-trait models based on lactation average of somatic cell score in terms of computing efficiency and ranking of animals. Differences between EBV from the test day model and EBV from a repeatability model for lactation average were small for bulls with many daughters, but differences were large with EBV from a single-trait model for first lactation average of somatic cell count. Association were desirable for EBV for somatic cell score with EBV for some udder conformation traits, but undesirable for EBV for milk and protein yield.
Prognostic Value ofKITMutation Type, Mitotic Activity, and Histologic Subtype in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (2002)

PURPOSE: Previous studies have reported clinical correlates for KIT mutations in GISTs, but in most of those studies the KIT mutations were found in less than 50% of the GISTs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance for KIT mutations in a series of GISTs in which the mutations were evaluated intensively by genomic and cDNA sequencing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A comprehensive clinical and pathologic analysis of 48 patients with GISTs who had snap-frozen tissue was performed. The median tumor size was 10 cm (range, 2 to 30 cm). Median follow-up for disease-free patients was 48 months. KIT genomic and cDNA was sequenced by using nucleic acid templates isolated from frozen tumors. RESULTS: The overall 5-year recurrence-free survival was 41% ± 6%. Five-year recurrence-free survival for patients with tumors that had mitotic counts of three mitoses or fewer per 30 high-power fields (HPF), more than three to ≤ 15 mitoses per 30 HPF, and more than 15 mitoses per 30 HPF were 89% ± 7%, 49% ± 12%, and 16% ± 6%, respectively (P = .0001). The 32 patients with spindle-cell histology had a 49% ± 7% 5-year recurrence-free survival; in contrast, the 16 patients with epithelioid or mixed histology had a 23% ± 11% 5-year recurrence-free survival (P = .01). Five-year recurrence-free survival for patients with tumors less than 5 cm, 5 to 10 cm, and more than 10 cm were 82% ± 12%, 45% ± 9%, and 27% ± 8%, respectively (P = .03). Prognostic associations were found with particular KIT mutation types, and patients with missense exon 11 mutations had a 5-year recurrence-free survival of 89% ± 11% compared with 40% ± 8% for GISTs with other mutation types (P = .03). The independent predictors for disease-free survival were the presence of deletion/insertion exon 11 mutations (hazard ratio [HR] = 4; P = .006), more than 15 mitoses per 30 HPF (HR = 18; P = .0001), mixed histology (HR = 21; P = .0001), and male sex (HR = 3; P = .05). CONCLUSION: In this series of KIT-expressing GISTs, tumor mitotic activity and histologic subtype were the most important prognostic features. The majority of GISTs contain KIT-activating mutations with the type/location of mutation serving as an independent predictor for disease-free survival. These results suggest that KIT mutation and activation are important in GIST pathogenesis and also may provide important prognostic information.
Sleep apnoea syndrome and the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in middle-aged men with myocardial infarction. (1999)

These results suggest a possible link between sleep breathing disorders and the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions.
Identification of a high‐affinity binding protein for N‐acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor in the plasma membrane of suspension‐cultured rice cells by affinity labeling (1997)

A high-affinity binding protein for the N-acetylchito-oligosaccharide elicitor of phytoalexin biosynthesis was identified by photoaffinity labeling and affinity cross-linking in the plasma membrane of suspension-cultured rice cells. Both a [125I]-labeled photolabile 2-(4-azidophenyl)ethylamino conjugate ([125I]-GN8-AzPEA) and a [125I]-labeled 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamino conjugate ([125]-GN8-APEA) of N-acetylchito-octaose were synthesized. The two conjugates were separately incubated with the plasma membrane prepared by aqueous two-phase partitioning, and covalently cross-linked to the elicitor binding site by irradiation with UV light or treatment with the cross-linking agent glutaraldehyde, respectively. Autoradiography of the SDS-PAGE gel of the solubilized membrane proteins revealed the labeling of a single 75 kDa band in both cases. The incorporation of the radiolabeled ligands into the 75 kDa protein showed a saturable mode of binding, with half-maximal incorporation at 45 and 52 nM for photoaffinity labeling and affinity cross-linking, respectively. The labeling of the 75 kDa protein was inhibited by N-acetylchito-oligosaccharides in a size-dependent manner, and N-acetylchito-octaose (GlcNAc)8 showed a half-maximal inhibition at concentrations of the order of 10 nM. However, neither chito-octaose (GlcN)8, cellopentaose nor alpha-1,4 linked N-acetylgalactosamine octamer (GalNAc)8 at concentrations as high as 25 microM inhibited the labeling of the 75 kDa protein. These results are in good agreement with the sensitivity and the specificity of the 'high-affinity binding site' previously identified by binding assays, as well as with the activities of these oligosaccharides in the induction of phytoalexin biosynthesis and other cellular responses. These results suggest that the 75 kDa protein identified by the affinity labeling represents a functional receptor for this elicitor.