gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid diagnosis of human parainfluenza virus type 1 infection by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR-enzyme hybridization assay (1996)

The detection and quantitation of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (HPIV-1) RNA in nasal wash specimens from 49 children with lower respiratory infections were performed by a reverse transcription-PCR-enzyme hybridization assay (RT-PCR-EHA). The HPIV-1 RT-PCR-EHA was then used to test 40 samples from asymptomatic children. Primers and probes were designed from regions within the HPIV-1 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene which are highly conserved among all known genotypes. HPIV-1 was detected in all nine children who were culture positive. Other common respiratory viruses (HPIV-2, -3, and -4, mumps virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus) were not detected by the HPIV-1 assay. Forty symptomatic children were negative by culture, and four of these were positive by RT-PCR-EHA. All of the samples from asymptomatic children were negative by culture and RT-PCR-EHA. RT-PCR-EHA was 100% sensitive (95% confidence interval, 0.66 to 1.00) and 95% specific (95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 0.99) compared with culture. The four false-positive results (relative to the results of culture) were in children with lower respiratory infections compatible with HPIV-1 infection and suggest that RT-PCR-EHA may be more sensitive than culture. Our data indicate that HPIV-1 may be underdiagnosed by routine culturing methods. RT-PCR-EHA has been demonstrated to be an easy, rapid, sensitive, and specific test for diagnosing HPIV-1 infection and provides a methodology for the rapid detection of closely related respiratory viruses.
The dependence of the galaxy luminosity function on large-scale environment (2004)

A basic assumption in the current halo-occupation model is that the properties of a galaxy depend only on the mass of its dark matter halo. An important consequence of this is that the segregation of the galaxy population by large-scale environment is entirely due to the environmental dependence of the halo population. In this paper, we use such a model to predict how the galaxy luminosity function depends on large-scale environment. The latter is represented by the density contrast (delta) averaged over a spherical volume of radius R = 8 h(-1) Mpc. The model predicts that the Schechter function is a good approximation to the luminosity functions of galaxies brighter than similar to10(9) h(-2) L-. (b(J)-band) in virtually all environments. The characteristic luminosity, L*, increases moderately with delta. The faint-end slope, alpha, on the other hand, is quite independent of. However, when splitting the galaxy population into early and late types, it is found that for late types, is virtually constant, whereas for early types, increases from similar to -0.3 in underdense regions (delta similar to -0.5) to similar to -0.8 in highly overdense regions (delta similar to 10). The luminosity function at L-bJ &amp;lt; 10(9) h(-2) L-. is significantly steeper than the extrapolation of the Schechter function that fits the brighter galaxies. This steepening is more significant for early types and in low-density environments. The model also predicts that the luminosity density and the mass density are closely correlated. The relation between the two is monotonic but highly non-linear. This suggests that one can use the luminosity density, averaged over a large volume, to rank the mass density. This, in turn, allows the environmental effects predicted here to be tested by observations.
The catalytic oxidation of dithiols by a semisynthetic enzyme (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe catalytic oxidation of dithiols by a semisynthetic enzymeKent D. Stewart, Czestaw. Radziejewski, and E. T. KaiserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 12, 3480–3483Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00272a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00272a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prenatal and postnatal growth and development of the central nervous system of the pig (1967)

Abstract The growth and chemical development of the brain and spinal cord of the pig have been studied between the 52nd day of gestation and 3 years of age. The brain increased in weight faster than the spinal cord. Its most rapid period of growth lasted from about 50 days before birth to about 40 days afterwards and was made up of an early period characterized by DNA-P deposition and a later one of lipid deposition. The percentage of water in each part of the central nervous system fell during development and the concentrations of total N, phospholipid-P and cholesterol rose. The concentration of DNA-P fell gradually over the period studied in the brain as a whole, but in the cerebellum and brain stem the fall was preceded by a rise to a peak concentration at about 95 days of gestation. The cerebellum was the only part of the central nervous system examined in which the absolute amount of DNA-P attained a mature value before three years of age. The spinal cord had no early growth spurt and for this reason there was no time when the absolute amounts of cholesterol and phospholipid-P were rising conspicuously rapidly. There was, however, a period when the concentration of cholesterol increased most rapidly and this coincided with the one in other parts of the central nervous system. The bearing of these results on the effects of stress on the development of the central nervous system is discussed.
Investigation on Convective Heat Transfer and Flow Features of Nanofluids (2003)

An experimental system was built to investigate convective heat transfer and flow features of the nanofluid in a tube. Both the convective heat transfer coefficient and friction factor of the sample nanofluids for the turbulent flow are measured, respectively. The effects of such factors as the volume fraction of suspended nanoparticles and the Reynolds number on the heat transfer and flow features are discussed in detail. A new type of convective heat transfer correlation is proposed to correlate experimental data of heat transfer for nanofluids.
Comparative Physical Mapping of the Apospory-Specific Genomic Region in Two Apomictic Grasses: Pennisetum squamulatum and Cenchrus ciliaris (2006)

In gametophytic apomicts of the aposporous type, each cell of the embryo sac is genetically identical to somatic cells of the ovule because they are products of mitosis, not of meiosis. The egg of the aposporous embryo sac follows parthenogenetic development into an embryo; therefore, uniform progeny result even from heterozygous plants, a trait that would be valuable for many crop species. Attempts to introgress apomixis from wild relatives into major crops through traditional breeding have been hindered by low or no recombination within the chromosomal region governing this trait (the apospory-specific genomic region or ASGR). The lack of recombination also has been a major obstacle to positional cloning of key genes. To further delineate and characterize the nonrecombinant ASGR, we have identified eight new ASGR-linked, AFLP-based molecular markers, only one of which showed recombination with the trait for aposporous embryo sac development. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones identified with the ASGR-linked AFLPs or previously mapped markers, when mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization in Pennisetum squamulatum and Cenchrus ciliaris, showed almost complete macrosynteny between the two apomictic grasses throughout the ASGR, although with an inverted order. A BAC identified with the recombinant AFLP marker mapped most proximal to the centromere of the ASGR-carrier chromosome in P. squamulatum but was not located on the ASGR-carrier chromosome in C. ciliaris. Exceptional regions where synteny was disrupted probably are nonessential for expression of the aposporous trait. The ASGR appears to be maintained as a haplotype even though its position in the genome can be variable.
Production, Rapid Purification and Catalytic Characterization of Extracellular Phytase fromAspergillus Ficuum (1988)

A rapid purification scheme utilizing three chromatographic steps resulted in 6 fold purification of Aspergillus ficuum phytase (myo-inositol-hexakisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.8). At pH 5.0 and 60 degrees C the enzyme performed acceptably for 2.0 hr with only 30% diminished catalytic rate at the end. Substrate concentration exceeding 2mM was inhibitory. The inorganic orthophosphate, the product and a weak inhibitor, exhibited a Ki of 1.9 x 10(-3)M. The extracellular phytase has the potential for industrial use since it can be over produced, easily purified, remain catalytically active for a longer period and is not subjected to severe product inhibition.
Cognition genes on autosomes: the paradox (2007)

Homozygosity mapping in consanguineous families reveals extreme heterogeneity of non‐syndromic autosomal recessive mental retardation and identifies eight novel gene loci Najmabadi H et al. (2007) Human Genetics 12: 43–48 A new locus for autosomal recessive non‐syndromic mental retardation maps to 1p21.1–p13.3 Uyguner O et al. (2007) Clinical Genetics 71: 212–219
The Exposure–Response Curve for Ozone and Risk of Mortality and the Adequacy of Current Ozone Regulations (2006)

Time-series analyses have shown that ozone is associated with increased risk of premature mortality, but little is known about how O3 affects health at low concentrations. A critical scientific and policy question is whether a threshold level exists below which O3 does not adversely affect mortality. We developed and applied several statistical models to data on air pollution, weather, and mortality for 98 U.S. urban communities for the period 1987-2000 to estimate the exposure-response curve for tropospheric O3 and risk of mortality and to evaluate whether a "safe" threshold level exists. Methods included a linear approach and subset, threshold, and spline models. All results indicate that any threshold would exist at very low concentrations, far below current U.S. and international regulations and nearing background levels. For example, under a scenario in which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 8-hr regulation is met every day in each community, there was still a 0.30% increase in mortality per 10-ppb increase in the average of the same and previous days' O3 levels (95% posterior interval, 0.15-0.45%). Our findings indicate that even low levels of tropospheric O3 are associated with increased risk of premature mortality. Interventions to further reduce O3 pollution would benefit public health, even in regions that meet current regulatory standards and guidelines.
Mode-Dependent Transforms for Coding Directional Intra Prediction Residuals (2011)

The use of mode-dependent transforms for coding directional intra prediction residuals has been previously shown to provide coding gains, but the transform matrices have to be derived from training. In this paper, we derive a set of separable mode-dependent transforms by using a simple separable, directional, and anisotropic image correlation model. Our analysis shows that only one additional transform, the odd type-3 discrete sine transform (ODST-3), is required for the optimal implementation of mode-dependent transforms. In addition, the four-point ODST-3 also has a structure that can be exploited to reduce the operation count of the transform operation. Experimental results show that in terms of coding efficiency, our proposed approach matches or improves upon the performance of a mode-dependent transforms approach that uses transform matrices obtained through training.
Erythropoietin Enhances Neurogenesis and Restores Spatial Memory in Rats after Traumatic Brain Injury (2005)

Erythropoietin (EPO) is neuroprotective in models of stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) when administered prior to or within the first few hours after injury. We seek to demonstrate that EPO also has neurorestorative effects when administered late (i.e., 1 day) after TBI in the rat. Twelve rats were subjected to TBI. Six rats were treated with EPO daily for 14 days starting 1 day after injury, and an additional six rats were treated with saline. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered daily for 14 days. Memory tests using a Morris Water Maze were performed prior to and after injury and treatment. Animals were sacrificed at 15 days after TBI, and their brains were prepared for histological analysis of damage to the dentate gyrus (DG) and for evaluation of newly formed neurons using double labeling of BrdU and MAP-2. The data revealed a significant improvement in spatial memory and significant increase in the number of newly formed neurons with EPO treatment compared with control animals. These data suggest that EPO treatment initiated 1 day after TBI is neurorestorative by enhancing neurogenesis, as well as neuroprotective.
hCAP-D3 Expression Marks a Prostate Cancer Subtype With Favorable Clinical Behavior and Androgen Signaling Signature (2008)

Growing evidence suggests that only a fraction of prostate cancers detected clinically are potentially lethal. An important clinical issue is identifying men with indolent cancer who might be spared aggressive therapies with associated morbidities. Previously, using microarray analysis we defined 3 molecular subtypes of prostate cancer with different gene-expression patterns. One, subtype-1, displayed features consistent with more indolent behavior, where an immunohistochemical marker (AZGP1) for subtype-1 predicted favorable outcome after radical prostatectomy. Here we characterize a second candidate tissue biomarker, hCAP-D3, expressed in subtype-1 prostate tumors. hCAP-D3 expression, assayed by RNA in situ hybridization on a tissue microarray comprising 225 cases, was associated with decreased tumor recurrence after radical prostatectomy (P=0.004), independent of pathologic tumor stage, Gleason grade, and preoperative prostate-specific antigen levels. Simultaneous assessment of hCAP-D3 and AZGP1 expression in this tumor set improved outcome prediction. We have previously demonstrated that hCAP-D3 is induced by androgen in prostate cells. Extending this finding, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed enrichment of androgen-responsive genes in subtype-1 tumors (P=0.019). Our findings identify hCAP-D3 as a new biomarker for subtype-1 tumors that improves prognostication, and reveal androgen signaling as an important biologic feature of this potentially clinically favorable molecular subtype.
Adaptive Blocking Artifacts Reduction Algorithm Based on DCT-Domain (2006)

Block-based DCT compression methods usually result in discontinuities called blocking artifacts at the boundaries of blocks due to the coarse quantization of the coefficients. In order to save more computations, an algorithm directly based on DCT-domain is proposed. It reduces the blocking artifacts as much as possible and preserve edge adequately as well. The algorithm presents a specific and convenient edge detection criterion. For the non-edge blocks, one-dimension DCT is used on each row of two adjacent blocks and the shifted block, and then the transform coefficients of the shifted block are replaced by adaptively weighted average of three blocks coefficients. For the edge blocks, Sigma filter is used to smooth the block boundaries. Simulation results show that the proposed reducing blocking artifacts algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms
Expression of dihydrololate reductase, and of the adjacent Elb region, in an Ad5-dihydrofolate reductase recombinant virus (1984)

A gene with the Ad2 MLP end firat leader, and appropriate RNA processing signals (splicing, polyadenylation) positioned around a mouse DHFR cDNA clone was substituted for the EIa region of Ad5, and virus stocks of Ad5 (DHFR-I) were prepared on 293 cells. A DHFR RNA of the expected size and structure was expressed late after infection of 293 cells by Ad5 (DHFR-I), at levels comparable to that of other Ad5 late messages. Although this DHFR mRNA was translated as efficiently as other Ad late mRNAs invitro it was only poorly translated invivo . The substitution of the DHFR gene for the Ad5 EIa region results in aberrant transcriptional activity in the adjacent EIb sequences. The transcriptional levels of the EIb 1kb message were down approximately 10-fold. In addition, a novel pIX-encoding mRNA was produced, generated by the splicing of the Ad first late leader onto sequences 14 bp upstream from the pIX initiation codon. This new mRNA was found to be potently efficient for translation both invivo and invitro .
Applications of Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Tumor Targeting and Future Cancer Therapies (2012)

Cell-penetrating peptides provide a highly promising strategy for intracellular drug delivery. One relevant clinical application of cell-penetrating peptides is cancer therapeutics. Peptide based delivery could increase the uptake of drugs in tumor cells and thereby increase the efficacy of the treatment, either of conventional small molecular drugs or oligonucleotide based therapeutics. This review is focused on the cancer applications of cell penetrating peptides as delivery systems; different aspects of drug loading, cargoes and delivery are discussed together with methods for targeted delivery, activatable cell-penetrating peptides and transducible agents coupled to cell-penetrating peptides.
Oculomotor Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2011)

Although traditionally regarded as spared, a range of oculomotor dysfunction has been recorded in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Most frequent is ophthalmoparesis, particularly in patients with prolonged survival; however, pursuit, nystagmus, and saccadic impairments have also been reported. The apparent resistance to pathologic involvement of oculomotor (and sphincter) control pathways in most patients with ALS has prompted comparative study to establish the key pathways that underlie motor neuronal vulnerability, with the hope of generating novel therapeutic strategies. Developments in the assessment of oculomotor function, including portable eye-tracking devices, have revealed more subtle impairments in ALS in relation to phenotype, which can now be better understood through parallel elucidation of the normal cerebral oculomotor control network. Given the clinicopathologic overlap between ALS and some types of frontotemporal dementia, the study of oculomotor function has particular value in probing the variable but consistent cognitive impairment seen in ALS and that reflects frontotemporal extramotor cerebral abnormalities. By transcending the requirement to write or speak, loss of which precludes standard neuropsychological testing in some patients with advanced ALS, cognitive tests performed using only oculomotor functions offer additional potential, allowing the study of patients much later in their disease course. The study of oculomotor dysfunction holds significant promise as an additional source of much needed prognostic, monitoring, and mechanistic biomarkers for ALS.
The Scientific Basis for the Current Treatment of Parkinson's Disease (2004)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately one million people in the United States. The introduction of levodopa revolutionized the treatment for this disorder, but the long-term utility of the drug is limited by motor complications, the development of features such as postural instability and dementia that do not respond to treatment, and continued disease progression. Insights into the organization of the basal ganglia in the normal and PD conditions has permitted the design of new treatment strategies that reduce the risk of developing motor complications. Additionally, increased knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for cell death in PD has permitted the development of putative neuroprotective drugs that might slow or stop disease progression. No drug has yet been established to alter the rate of disease progression, but the rapid pace of research offers reason for optimism.
Cloning and characterization of a novel nuclease from shrimp hepatopancreas, and prediction of its active site (2000)

Approximately 95% of the amino acid sequence of a shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) nuclease was derived from protease-digested peptides. A 1461-base cDNA for the nuclease was amplified and sequenced with degenerate primers based on the amino acid sequence and then specific primers by 3ʹ and 5ʹ RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). It contains an open reading frame encoding a putative 21-residue signal peptide and a 381-residue mature protein. The N-terminus of the enzyme is pyroglutamate, deduced from composition and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight MS analyses, and confirmed by a glutamine residue in the cDNA sequence. The enzyme has 11 Cys residues, forming five intramolecular disulphides. The eleventh Cys residue was linked to a thiol compound with an estimated molecular mass of between 500 and 700 Da. A sequence similarity search revealed no homologous proteins but residues 205-255 shared a conserved active-site motif within a distinct group of nucleases. His211 in this conserved motif was shown to be very important in catalysis by site-specific modification with 14C-labelled iodoacetate. The shrimp nuclease, previously designated DNase I, does indeed possess a low level of hydrolytic activity towards RNA in the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+. The conservation of functionally important residues during distant evolution might imply that the catalytic mechanisms are similar in these nucleases, which should be classified in one subfamily. Finally, an active-site structure for shrimp nuclease was proposed on the basis of published structural data and the results of mutational and biochemical analyses of Serratia nuclease.