gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video visualization for compact presentation and fast browsing of pictorial content (1997)

Digital video archives are likely to be accessible on distributed networks which means that the data are subject to network congestion and bandwidth constraints. To enable new applications and services of digital video, it is not only important to develop tools to analyze and browse video, view query results, and formulate better searches, but also to deliver the essence of the material in compact forms. Video visualization describes the joint process of analyzing video and the subsequent derivation of representative visual presentation of the essence of the content. We propose techniques to analyze video and build a compact pictorial summary for visual presentation. A video sequence is thus condensed into a few images-each summarizing the dramatic incident taking place in a meaningful segment of the video. In particular, we present techniques to differentiate the dominance of the content in subdivisions of the segment based on analysis results, select a graphic layout pattern according to the relative dominances, and create a set of video posters, each of which is a compact, visually pleasant, and intuitive representation of the story content. The collection of video posters arranged in temporal order then forms a pictorial summary of the sequence to tell the underlying story. The techniques and compact presentations proposed offer valuable tools for new applications and services of digital video including video browsing, query, search, and retrieval in the digital libraries and over the Internet.
A Mutation in PLC1 , a Candidate Phosphoinositide-Specific Phospholipase C Gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Causes Aberrant Mitotic Chromosome Segregation (1993)

We identified a putative Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog of a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) gene, PLC1, which encodes a protein most similar to the delta class of PI-PLC enzymes. The PLC1 gene was isolated during a study of yeast strains that exhibit defects in chromosome segregation. plc1-1 cells showed a 10-fold increase in aberrant chromosome segregation compared with the wild type. Molecular analysis revealed that PLC1 encodes a predicted protein of 101 kDa with approximately 50 and 26% identity to the highly conserved X and Y domains of PI-PLC isozymes from humans, bovines, rats, and Drosophila melanogaster. The putative yeast protein also contains a consensus EF-hand domain that is predicted to bind calcium. Interestingly, the temperature-sensitive and chromosome missegregation phenotypes exhibited by plc1-1 cells were partially suppressed by exogenous calcium.
A 55,000-60,000 Mr receptor protein for urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Identification in human tumor cell lines and partial purification. (1988)

The iodinated Mr approximately equal to 15,000 amino-terminal fragment (ATF) of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) molecule bound specifically to the cell surface of all of seven cultured human tumor cell lines studied. Cross-linking of iodinated ATF to the cell surface using a bifunctional amino-reactive reagent followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed with the four cell lines studied the occurrence of a single band migrating with an Mr of 70,000-75,000, indicating complex formation with an Mr of 55,000-60,000 u-PA receptor protein (u-PA-R). In the human monocyte cell line U937 cultivated in the presence of phorbol ester, the amount of complex was strongly increased, and a fraction of the complex had a slower electrophoretic mobility. Comparison between autoradiograms of reduced and unreduced samples suggests that u-PA-R consists of one polypeptide chain. Two forms of u-PA-R, which differed with respect to affinity to concanavalin A, were identified. u-PA-R retained its ability to bind to ATF after cell lysis, and it was purified approximately 2,200-fold from biosynthetically labeled U937 cells by affinity chromatography with proenzyme u-PA coupled to Sepharose. The purified Mr 55,000-60,000 protein was specifically bound and cross-linked to u-PA, proenzyme u-PA, and ATF, but not to tissue-type plasminogen activator or other unrelated proteins.
Association of blood proteins with large unilamellar liposomes in vivo. Relation to circulation lifetimes. (1992)

The proteins associated with liposomes in the circulation of mice were analyzed in order to determine whether bound proteins significantly influence the fate of liposomes in vivo. Liposomes were administered intravenously via the dorsal tail vein of CD1 mice and were isolated from blood after 2 min in the absence of coagulation inhibitors using a rapid "spin column" procedure. Various negatively charged liposomes exhibiting markedly different clearance properties were studied; notably, these included liposomes containing 10 mol % ganglioside GM1 which has been previously shown to effectively limit liposomal uptake by the fixed macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system. The protein binding ability (PB; g of protein/mol of lipid) of the liposomes was quantitated and related to the circulation half-life (tau 1/2) of the liposomes. Liposomes having similar membrane surface charge imparted by different anionic phospholipids were found to exhibit markedly different protein binding potentials. Furthermore, PB values determined from the in vivo experiments were found to be inversely related to circulation half-lives. PB values in excess of 50 g of protein/mol of lipid were observed for rapidly cleared liposomes such as those containing cardiolipin or phosphatidic acid (tau 1/2 less than 2 min). PB values for ganglioside GM1-containing liposomes (tau 1/2 greater than 2 h) were significantly less (PB less than 15 g of total protein/mol of total lipid). PB values were also determined for liposomes recovered from in vitro incubations with isolated human serum; relative PB values obtained from these in vitro experiments were in agreement with relative PB values measured from in vivo experiments. PB values, therefore, could be a useful parameter for predicting the clearance behavior of liposomes in the circulation. Liposomes exhibiting increased PB values in vivo were shown by immunoblot analysis to bind more immune opsonins, leading to a higher probability of phagocytic uptake. Finally, based on results obtained using the in vitro system, it is suggested that the mechanism by which ganglioside GM1 prolongs the murine circulation half-life of liposomes is by reducing the total amount of blood protein bound to the liposomes in a relatively nonspecific manner.
Addition-curable phthalonitrile-functionalized novolac resin (2012)

A novel addition-curable novolac resin with phthalonitrile groups (PN) was successfully synthesized by a simple nucleophilic substitution reaction between the novolac resin and 4-nitrophthalonitrile. The final product was characterized with gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) spectroscopy. Processing capability and cure behavior of PN resin was investigated by rheometer and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Rheometric studies showed PN resin possessed a broad processing window between 140 and 225°C with a low viscosity from 0.4 to 4 Pa.s. DSC results showed PN resin can be cured at about 220°C via thermal polymerization of phthalonitrile groups. An ultrahigh curing temperature (such as 375°C) that was typical for the other phthalonitrile functional prepolymers was not necessary for this resin and 250°C was used as a maximum post-cure temperature to achieve the desired properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed T 5 % (temperature of 5% weight loss) of the final cured products in nitrogen was 448.7°C, and the char yield was 70.29% at 900°C. Furthermore, T 5% of cured PN resin in air was 455.2°C, and the char yield in air was 34.48% at 700°C,revealing that the cured resin possessed excellent thermo-oxidative stability. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed the inflection point of tan δ was 371.9°C. The excellent processability and thermal stabilities proved PN resin as a promising candidate for advanced composite matrices.
Titania-nanotube-array-based photovoltaic cells (2006)

Dye-sensitized solar cells based on perpendicular titania nanotube arrays were fabricated. Titania nanotube arrays were prepared by anodization of Ti foil. The cell performance as a function of nanotube length and anodization method was investigated. Short circuit current density and cell efficiency increased with the nanotube length. Device performance was also affected by anodization method, spacer layer thickness, and annealing conditions. With optimized device structure and titania annealing procedure, short circuit current density of 3.28mA∕cm2 could be achieved under AM 1.5 simulated solar irradiation.
A Method for the Measurement of Normal Stresses in Simple Shearing Flow (1961)

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On the Polymorphism of Aspirin (2006)

More headaches with aspirin: No new polymorph? Reduction and re-indexing of X-ray data collected on a crystal of the well-known form I of aspirin in a unit cell recently reported for the new form II results in a data set from which this so-called new form can be obtained and even refined isotropically! Form II, if it exists, needs to be identified with more rigorous experimentation and modeling. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z602378_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Simple Sequence Repeat Markers Developed from Maize Sequences Found in the GENBANK Database: Map Construction (1996)

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are rapidly becoming an important class of DNA markers that are being widely used to map both plant and animal genomes. SSRs have the advantage of providing a codominant marker system based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology. Although the presence of SSRs is now well documented in the plant kingdom, a mapped set of primer sequences in maize ( Zea mays L.) is not available. Polymorphic primer pairs developed from maize sequences in GENBANK were mapped to 42 loci in maize by means of either a B73 × Mo17, Mo17 × H99, or B73 × G35 recombinant inbred population. All SSR loci were found to be linked to one or more adjacent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and/or isozyme loci. Segregation followed a pattern of Mendelian inheritance with one SSR locus deviating from expected ratios at a 1% level of significance. The SSRs were distributed throughout the maize genome with no evidence of clustering. Each SSR marker detected a single locus.
Management Training for Pathology Residents:I. Results of a National Survey (1994)

The professional activities of anatomic and clinical pathologists involve, to a large extent, management issues. To evaluate the management training received by pathology residents, the authors surveyed pathology residency training programs in the United States. Responses were collected from 138 of 187 programs (73.8% response rate). Of the 138 programs, 61 reported that they had a formal training program in management, with an average of 26.8 +/- 4.9 (standard error) hours/year devoted to this discipline. Directors of 64.5% of the programs felt that management training should be expanded. Lectures were used in 61% of the programs, some in combination with case studies. Elements of training in fiscal management were present in 52.8% of the programs, and the presence of fiscal management training was associated significantly with a greater number of hours spent in management training (P < .001). Training in traditional laboratory management and quality control was included in 91.5% of the programs. The principles of total quality management were discussed in only 31.7% of the programs, but 80.6% of the programs encouraged residents' participation in departmental or institutional total quality management activities. These data indicate that there are major differences in the quality of and emphasis on management training for pathology residents in the United States.
Relationship between lymphangiogenesis and exudates during the wound‐healing process of mouse skin full‐thickness wound (2009)

We considered the relationship among exudate, wound area, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and reepithelialization during wound healing. Full-thickness wounds were made on the dorsum of mice. The weight of exudate absorbed into the dressing as well as the wound area was determined daily. Sections of the wounds were stained with anti-LYVE-1 and CD31 antibodies. Indian ink was injected into the wound for observing the movement of the exudate on days 3, 5, and 7 after wounding. New epithelium completely covered the wound on day 11. The quantity of exudate peaked on day 1, and then rapidly decreased until it was undetectable on day 11. Most of the Indian ink injected into the wound was retained within the wound and did not flow into the surrounding tissue. New blood vessels showed a uniform distribution in the granulation tissue on day 5. New lymphatics appeared in the granulation tissue approximately 2 days later than the blood vessels and they were distributed toward the center of the granulation tissue on day 11. Thus, reduction of exudate from the wound appears to be related to blood vessels, not lymphatics. However, increasing lymphatics may play a role in the late phase of the wound-healing process.
STM in the small (2012)

Data structures implemented using software transactional memory (STM) have a reputation for being much slower than data structures implemented directly from low-level primitives such as atomic compare-and-swap (CAS). In this paper we present a specialized STM system (SpecTM) that allows the program to express additional knowledge about the particular operations being performed by transactions e.g., using a separate API to write transactions that access small, fixed, numbers of memory locations. We show that data structures implemented using SpecTM offer essentially the same performance and scalability as implementations built directly from CAS. We present results using hash tables and skip lists on machines with up to 8 sockets and up to 128 hardware threads. Specialized transactions can be mixed with normal transactions, allowing fast-path operations to be specialized for greater performance, while allowing less common cases to be expressed using normal transactions for simplicity. We believe that SpecTM provides a "sweet spot" for expert programmers developing scalable data structures.
Current Serum Lung Cancer Biomarkers (2013)

The development of proteomics technology over the past decade has advanced the identification and validation of new biomarkers. Clinical applications of serum biomarkers will benefit us by being cost-effective and non-invasive, as well as by allowing the simple detection of diseases. Numerous serum biomarkers for lung cancer have been identified and reported in publications. Despite extensive studies, cancer detection via a single marker remains difficult due to the low sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of the identified lung cancer serum biomarkers. An optimal combination of multiple biomarkers, rather than a single biomarker, should be considered for the development of a lung cancer detection biomarker panel and should be validated with these combinatory markers. This review summarizes the lung cancer biomarkers that have been published within the last five years.
Tumor Cell Rejection Through Terminal Cell Differentiation (1987)

Leukemic cells cultured in the presence of various conditioned media differentiate into macrophages. This finding suggested that the maintenance of undifferentiated state and self-renewal in vivo may be related to the inability of the host to generate an appropriate level of differentiation factor (DF). Evidence for this hypothesis was derived from experiments in vitro and in vivo with myeloid leukemia of rat. The following results were obtained: (i) in vitro, the percentage of cell differentiation at a fixed concentration of DF was inversely related to the concentration of cells; (ii) leukemic cell inoculates that were lethal to 7-day-old rats were rejected by 21-day-old rats; (iii) leukemic cells in diffusion chambers underwent differentiation in 21-day-old rats but not in 7-day-old rats; (iv) organs from 21-day-old rats contained more DF activity than those of 7-day-old rats; (v) treatment of rats with DF in diffusion chambers resulted in leukemic cell differentiation inside the chamber; and (vi) the development of leukemia in 7-day-old rats was aborted by treatment with DF. These results show that the differentiation of rat leukemia cells requires the appropriate level of DF. The proliferation of transplanted leukemia cells in 7-day-old rats goes unchecked because of inadequate generation of DF. Conversely, in the 21-day-old rats, rejection is accomplished by differentiation of the transplanted cells.
Presynaptic Group II mGluR Inhibition of Short-Term Depression in the Medial Perforant Path of the Dentate Gyrus In Vitro (2001)

Inhibition of short-term plasticity by activation of presynaptic group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (group II mGluR) was investigated in the medial perforant path of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus in vitro. Brief trains of stimulation (10 stimuli at 1--200 Hz) evoked short-term depression of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). The steady-state level of depression, measured after 10 stimuli, was frequency dependent, increasing between 1 and 200 Hz. Activation of group II mGluR by the selective agonist LY354740 did not alter short-term depression evoked by frequencies up to 10 Hz, but did inhibit short-term depression evoked at higher frequencies in a frequency- and concentration-dependent manner. The time-averaged postsynaptic response (EPSP per unit time) was found to increase linearly with frequency up to approximately 20 Hz. At higher frequencies, the response plateaued, thereby becoming independent of frequency. Frequencies above this were differentiated only during the transient postsynaptic response that accompanies changes in firing rates. Activation of presynaptically located group II mGluR increased the frequency at which the EPSP per unit time plateaued up to 30-50 Hz.
Stimulation of HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies in simian HIV-IIIB-infected macaques (1998)

Previously we have discovered a public idiotope, designated 1F7, that is expressed on antibodies against HIV type 1 (HIV-1) in human and nonhuman primates. To test the potential of mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1F7 as a therapeutic anti-clonotypic antibody in HIV-1-infected patients, we used the simian HIV-IIIB macaque infection model, which mimics several immunological and pathological characteristics of HIV-1 infection in humans. Four healthy simian HIV-infected rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) expressing the 1F7 marker on anti-gp120 antibodies were selected for this study. Three monkeys of this group were immunized several times with the murine mAb 1F7 i.v., and one monkey received as control an isotype-matched antibody, TEPC183. No serious side effect or allergic reaction was encountered. Blood collected before and during the immunization and over several months afterward were analyzed for neutralizing antibodies. Significant increases in breadth and potency of HIV-1-neutralizing antibody titers to one or more virus strains were detected in all three of the 1F7-immunized monkeys, but not in the control monkey immunized with TEPC183. These results show that an antibody, recognizing a public idiotope associated with anti-HIV-1 antibodies can function in chronically infected primates as an anti-clonotypic immunogen to boost antibodies that neutralize homologous and heterologous virus strains. This study represents a first step toward the preclinical evaluation of 1F7 as a therapeutic AIDS vaccine.
Strategic financial planning. What every trustee needs to know about facility replacement. (2006)

Find out what every trustee needs to know about facility replacement-when to rebuild, why and, most importantly, how to mesh new construction with a balanced financial and strategic plan.
An Exceptionally Conserved Transcriptional Repressor, CTCF, Employs Different Combinations of Zinc Fingers To Bind Diverged Promoter Sequences of Avian and Mammalian c-myc Oncogenes (1996)

We have isolated and analyzed human CTCF cDNA clones and show here that the ubiquitously expressed 11-zinc-finger factor CTCF is an exceptionally highly conserved protein displaying 93% identity between avian and human amino acid sequences. It binds specifically to regulatory sequences in the promoter-proximal regions of chicken, mouse, and human c-myc oncogenes. CTCF contains two transcription repressor domains transferable to a heterologous DNA binding domain. One CTCF binding site, conserved in mouse and human c-myc genes, is found immediately downstream of the major P2 promoter at a sequence which maps precisely within the region of RNA polymerase II pausing and release. Gel shift assays of nuclear extracts from mouse and human cells show that CTCF is the predominant factor binding to this sequence. Mutational analysis of the P2-proximal CTCF binding site and transient-cotransfection experiments demonstrate that CTCF is a transcriptional repressor of the human c-myc gene. Although there is 100% sequence identity in the DNA binding domains of the avian and human CTCF proteins, the regulatory sequences recognized by CTCF in chicken and human c-myc promoters are clearly diverged. Mutating the contact nucleotides confirms that CTCF binding to the human c-myc P2 promoter requires a number of unique contact DNA bases that are absent in the chicken c-myc CTCF binding site. Moreover, proteolytic-protection assays indicate that several more CTCF Zn fingers are involved in contacting the human CTCF binding site than the chicken site. Gel shift assays utilizing successively deleted Zn finger domains indicate that CTCF Zn fingers 2 to 7 are involved in binding to the chicken c-myc promoter, while fingers 3 to 11 mediate CTCF binding to the human promoter. This flexibility in Zn finger usage reveals CTCF to be a unique "multivalent" transcriptional factor and provides the first feasible explanation of how certain homologous genes (i.e., c-myc) of different vertebrate species are regulated by the same factor and maintain similar expression patterns despite significant promoter sequence divergence.