gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FlexCast (2011)

Video streaming performance on wireless networks is choppy. The culprit is the unpredictable wireless medium, whose fluctuations results in fluctuating throughput and bit errors. Current video codecs are not equipped to handle such variations since they exhibit an all or nothing behavior. If the channel is strong and above a threshold, the video stream gets decoded perfectly. If not, typically nothing gets decoded. Thus, there is no graceful degradation with wireless conditions.
The role of Shc and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in mediating the translocation of estrogen receptor α to the plasma membrane (2004)

Our previous studies demonstrated that 17beta-estradiol (E2) rapidly induces the interaction of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) with the adapter protein Shc, the translocation of ERalpha to the cell membrane, and the formation of dynamic membrane structures in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The present study examined how E2 causes ERalpha to translocate to the region of the plasma membrane and focused on mechanisms whereby Shc and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) mediate this process. Shc physically interacts with IGF-1R in the plasma membrane, and E2 activates IGF-1R. We reasoned that ERalpha, when bound to Shc, would be directed to the region of the plasma membrane by the same processes, causing membrane translocation of Shc. We confirmed that E2 rapidly induced IGF-1R phosphorylation and demonstrated that E2 induced formation of a ternary protein complex among Shc, ERalpha, and IGF-1R. Knock down of Shc with a specific small inhibitory RNA decreased the association of ERalpha with IGF-1R by 87%, suggesting that Shc is a crucial molecule in the formation of this ternary complex. Confocal microscopy studies provided further confirmation of the functional roles of Shc and the IGF-1R in the translocation of ERalpha to the region of the membrane. Down-regulation of Shc, ERalpha, or IGF-1R with specific small inhibitory RNAs all blocked E2-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Together, our results demonstrate that Shc and IGF-1R serve as key elements in the translocation of ERalpha to the cell membrane and in the facilitation of ERalpha-mediated rapid E2 action.
Targeting lentiviral vector expression to hepatocytes limits transgene-specific immune response and establishes long-term expression of human antihemophilic factor IX in mice (2004)

Stable gene replacement by in vivo administration of lentiviral vectors (LVs) has therapeutic potential for metabolic disorders and other systemic diseases. We studied the expression of intracellular and secreted proteins by LVs in immunocompetent mice. Liver, spleen, and bone marrow cells were efficiently transduced. However, transgene expression, driven by a ubiquitous promoter, was limited by transgene-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, leading to the clearance of transduced cells. After green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene transfer, the liver showed infiltration of CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells, and GFP-specific CD8(+) T cells were isolated from the spleen. After human factor IX (hF.IX) gene transfer, anti-hF.IX antibodies were induced. These immune responses were not detected in mice injected with heat-inactivated or genome-lacking LVs or in GFP-transgenic mice, indicating that they were specifically triggered by transgene expression in vivo. Intriguingly, selective targeting of LV expression to hepatocytes limited the immune responses to the transgenes. By this approach, high levels of hF.IX, potentially in the therapeutic range, were reached and maintained long term in immunocompetent mice, without inducing antibody formation. These results prompt further studies in relevant animal models to explore the potential of in vivo LV administration for the gene therapy of hemophilias and other liver-based diseases.
Trends in smoking before, during, and after pregnancy - Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), United States, 31 sites, 2000-2005. (2009)

States with no change in or increasing smoking prevalence before, during, and after pregnancy can help reduce prevalence through sustained and comprehensive tobacco-control efforts (e.g., mass media campaigns, coverage of tobacco cessation, 100% smoke-free policies, and tobacco excise taxes).
A High Yielding Synthesis of N-Alkyl Maleimides Using a Novel Modification of the Mitsunobu Reaction (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA High Yielding Synthesis of N-Alkyl Maleimides Using a Novel Modification of the Mitsunobu ReactionMichael A. WalkerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 16, 5352–5355Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00121a070https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00121a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4277Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors in the Treatment of Tobacco Dependence (2009)

Background: Although alcohol-dependent smokers represent an important group for applying smoking interventions, sufficient pharmacotherapy has not been established in this high-risk group so far. Acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors inhibit the breakdown of Ach. The retention time of this neurotransmitter is prolonged and thereby the efficiency of cholinergic neurotransmission at nAChRs is enhanced. Thus, we suppose a possible substitution of neuronal nicotine effects. Method: In order to examine the effect of acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors on tobacco dependence, we performed clinical-pharmacological studies on alcohol and tobacco dependent patients who had already completed an alcohol detox. We investigated galantamine (with positive allosteric modulation, n=114, randomized placebo controlled over 24 weeks) and rivastigmine (without allosteric modulation, n=26, randomized, placebo controlled over 12 weeks) and assesses smoking behavior (diaries, FTND, CO measurements) as well as craving for tobacco (QSU) and alcohol (AUQ). Results: Galantamine (Diehl et al., 2006) as well as rivastigmine (Diehl et al., 2008) led to a significant smoking reduction (galantamine: -20% after 24 weeks, rivastigmine: -30% after 12 weeks) without compromising the alcohol abstinence. Patients taking rivastigmine also experienced a significant reduction of nicotine craving (-20%), without any other specific pharmacological or psychotherapeutical action to support the smoking cessation. Conclusion: Our preliminary data indicate an effect of galantamine and rivastigmine on tobacco craving and consumption in alcohol dependent smokers. These pilot studies encourage further investigation of acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors as a promising treatment approach regarding tobacco dependence.
Current Monitoring in a Microchannel with Repeated Constrictions for Accurate Detection of Sample Location in Isotachophoresis (2014)

We present a new method for accurate detection of sample location in peak mode isotachophoresis (ITP). The technique is based on the design of a microchannel with multiple constrictions and on detecting the passage of the ITP interface through these constrictions. We achieve this by monitoring the electric current across the channel, which exhibits sharp decreases as the ITP interface moves more rapidly through the higher current density constrictions. We show that cross-correlation between the electric current signal and a predefined step function is an effective method for detecting changes in the slope of the electric current curve in real-time and is robust to changes in the composition of the buffers. We demonstrate the use of the technique to deliver sample to a designated location in the channel with an accuracy as low as 50 μm. Importantly, the method does not require the use of any optics and thus can be used to monitor the location of unlabeled species for application in a variety of ITP assays.
Liposomes ameliorate Crizotinib- and Nilotinib-induced inhibition of the cardiac IKr channel and QTc prolongation. (2014)

Crizotinib (Xalkori®) and nilotinib (Tasigna®) are tyrosine kinase inhibitors approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and chronic myeloid leukemia, respectively. Both have been shown to result in electrocardiogram rate-corrected Q-wave T-wave interval (QTc) prolongation in humans and animals. Liposomes have been shown to ameliorate drug-induced effects on the cardiac-delayed rectifier K(+) current (IKr, KV11.1), coded by the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG). This study was undertaken to determine if liposomes would also decrease the effect of crizotinib and nilotinib on the IKr channel. Crizotinib and nilotinib were tested in an in vitro IKr assay using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably transfected with the hERG. Dose-responses were determined and the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) were calculated. When the HEK 293 cells were treated with crizotinib or nilotinib that were mixed with liposomes, there was a significant decrease in the IKr channel inhibitory effects of these two drugs. When isolated, rabbit hearts were exposed to crizotinib or nilotinib, there were significant increases in QTc prolongation. Mixing either of the drugs with liposomes ameliorated the effects of the drugs. Rabbits dosed intravenously (IV) with crizotinib or nilotinib showed QTc prolongation. When liposomes were injected prior to crizotinib or nilotinib, the liposomes decreased the effects on the QTc interval. The use of liposomal encapsulated QT-prolongation agents, or giving liposomes in combination with drugs, may decrease their cardiac liability.
Foreword (2004)

It is now clear that only about 50% of patients suffering from rhinitis have a clinically relevant allergic disease, while the remaining 50% of patients do not have a defined allergic etiology. This latter group of patients are classified as suffering from “non-allergic rhinitis”, which is characterized by sporadic or spontaneous perennial symptoms of rhinitis that are not associated with IgE-mediated immunopathologic events. This general term encompasses several entities; for example vasomotor rhinitis (which has also been referred to as non-allergic noninfectious perennial rhinitis, NANIPER), non-allergic infectious perennial rhinitis, occupational rhinitis, hormonal rhinitis, drug-induced rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES), and “others” (1, 2). Patients suffering from vasomotor rhinitis, in particular, form a substantially large group of individuals with non-allergic rhinitis, and pose a real challenge in every day practice, since their underlying pathophysiology is largely unknown, specific diagnostic tests do not exist, and treatment options are often very limited and not satisfactory. In an attempt to address some of the major issues surrounding vasomotor rhinitis, a satellite symposium entitled “Rhinitis may not be just allergic…”, organized and sponsored by Viatris, was held at the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Annual Congress in Naples, 3rd June 2002. The symposium focused on gaining a better understanding of vasomotor rhinitis, the putative underlying mechanisms, and current treatment of this condition. The articles presented in this supplement issue summarize the presentations by an international panel of experts, who addressed the various aspects of the disease.
Homozygous SMN1 deletions in unaffected family members and modification of the phenotype by SMN2 (2004)

Spinal muscular atrophy is a common autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by the homozygous loss of the SMN1 gene. The absence of the SMN1 gene has been shown to occur in all types of SMA, childhood and adult forms. In rare cases, asymptomatic family members have also been found with homozygous mutations in the SMN1 gene, suggesting a role for phenotypic modifiers. We describe three unrelated asymptomatic individuals, with family histories of SMA, who were shown to have the homozygous SMN1 deletion. Quantitative studies indicated that the three individuals all had increased SMN2 copy numbers. These cases not only support the role of SMN2 in modifying the phenotype, but our data also demonstrate that expression levels consistent with five copies of the SMN2 genes maybe enough to compensate for the absence of the SMN1 gene. Lastly, in cases similar to the ones described, the measurement of the SMN2 gene copy number may provide valuable prognostic information.
On-the-fly multiparty computation on the cloud via multikey fully homomorphic encryption (2012)

We propose a new notion of secure multiparty computation aided by a computationally-powerful but untrusted "cloud" server. In this notion that we call on-the-fly multiparty computation (MPC), the cloud can non-interactively perform arbitrary, dynamically chosen computations on data belonging to arbitrary sets of users chosen on-the-fly. All user's input data and intermediate results are protected from snooping by the cloud as well as other users. This extends the standard notion of fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), where users can only enlist the cloud's help in evaluating functions on their own encrypted data.
Long-term islet graft survival in streptozotocin- and autoimmune-induced diabetes models by immunosuppressive and potential insulinotropic agent fty720 (2002)

FTY720 is highly effective in protecting allo- and autoimmune response-mediated islet graft destruction without direct toxicity to the islets. The effect is likely attributable to its action in preventing effector lymphocyte infiltration into the grafted tissue.
Nanostraw–Electroporation System for Highly Efficient Intracellular Delivery and Transfection (2013)

Nondestructive introduction of genes, proteins, and small molecules into mammalian cells with high efficiency is a challenging, yet critical, process. Here we demonstrate a simple nanoelectroporation platform to achieve highly efficient molecular delivery and high transfection yields with excellent uniformity and cell viability. The system is built on alumina nanostraws extending from a track-etched membrane, forming an array of hollow nanowires connected to an underlying microfluidic channel. Cellular engulfment of the nanostraws provides an intimate contact, significantly reducing the necessary electroporation voltage and increasing homogeneity over a large area. Biomolecule delivery is achieved by diffusion through the nanostraws and enhanced by electrophoresis during pulsing. The system was demonstrated to offer excellent spatial, temporal, and dose control for delivery, as well as providing high-yield cotransfection and sequential transfection.
Mixed solvents containing methanol as useful reaction media for unique chemoselective reductions within lithium borohydride (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMixed solvents containing methanol as useful reaction media for unique chemoselective reductions within lithium borohydrideKenso Soai and Atsuhiro OokawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 21, 4000–4005Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00371a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00371a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7661Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The role of Dickkopf-1 in bone development, homeostasis, and disease (2008)

Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is central to bone development and homeostasis in adulthood and its deregulation is associated with bone pathologies. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a soluble inhibitor of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling required for embryonic head development, regulates Wnt signaling by binding to the Wnt coreceptor lipoprotein-related protein-5 (LRP5)/Arrow. LRP5 mutations causing high bone mass syndromes disrupt DKK1-mediated regulation of LRP5. Forced overexpression of Dkk1 in osteoblasts causes osteopenia, disruption of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche, and defects in HSC function. Dkk1 also inhibits fracture repair. Studies suggest that DKK1 activation in osteoblasts is the underlying cause of glucocorticoid- and estrogen deficiency-mediated osteoporosis, and at least partially underlies the teratogenic effects of thalidomide on limb development. DKK1 induces proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in vitro and may play a role in the development of high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas derived from MSC and osteosarcomas. DKK1 has been implicated in causing erosive arthritis, the osteolytic phenotypes of multiple myeloma and metastatic breast cancer, and osteoblastic metastases of prostate cancer. Preclinical studies have shown that neutralizing DKK1/Dkk1 and/or enhancing Wnt/beta-catenin signaling may prove effective in treating bone pathologies. Here, we review the rapidly growing body of literature defining a pivotal role for DKK1 in bone health and disease.
Effects on Immunogenicity by Formulations of Emulsion-Based Adjuvants for Malaria Vaccines (2012)

New malaria vaccines are urgently needed to improve vaccine protective efficacy. PfCelTOS is a recombinant malaria vaccine antigen that has shown protective efficacy in a small-animal challenge model when combined with a water-in-oil emulsion adjuvant (Montanide ISA 720). In this report, we show that PfCelTOS vaccines containing GLA-SE (a stable oil-in-water emulsion combined with a Toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4] agonist) elicit strong Th1-type immune responses in BALB/c mice. These responses include higher antigen-specific IgG2a antibody titers and more gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production than those seen with a PfCelTOS vaccine containing Montanide ISA 720. Furthermore, reducing the emulsion dose from 2% to 1% or 0.5% (vol/vol) squalene in GLA-SE did not compromise immunogenicity. Emulsion dose titration in the absence of formulated GLA caused some reduction in humoral and cellular immune responses compared to those with the 2% squalene emulsion dose.
Virus-encoded suppressor of posttranscriptional gene silencing targets a maintenance step in the silencing pathway (2000)

Certain plant viruses encode suppressors of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), an adaptive antiviral defense response that limits virus replication and spread. The tobacco etch potyvirus protein, helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro), suppresses PTGS of silenced transgenes. The effect of HC-Pro on different steps of the silencing pathway was analyzed by using both transient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-based delivery and transgenic systems. HC-Pro inactivated PTGS in plants containing a preexisting silenced beta-glucuronidase (GUS) transgene. PTGS in this system was associated with both small RNA molecules (21-26 nt) corresponding to the 3' proximal region of the transcribed GUS sequence and cytosine methylation of specific sites near the 3' end of the GUS transgene. Introduction of HC-Pro into these plants resulted in loss of PTGS, loss of small RNAs, and partial loss of methylation. These results suggest that HC-Pro targets a PTGS maintenance (as opposed to an initiation or signaling) component at a point that affects accumulation of small RNAs and methylation of genomic DNA.
Cardiac Sympathetic Dysinnervation in Diabetes (1998)

Diabetes may result in left ventricular sympathetic dysinnervation with proximal hyperinnervation complicating distal denervation. This combination could result in potentially life-threatening myocardial electrical instability and explain the enhanced cardioprotection from beta-blockade in these subjects.
Effect of clonidine versus dexmedetomidine on pain control after laparoscopic gastric sleeve: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study (2014)

This study concluded that clonidine and dexmedetomidine yielded similar outcomes with a difference in pain and analgesic consumption at 12 h postoperatively.
SmartNails: display- and image-dependent thumbnails (2003)

In order to overcome poor readability of text and recognizability of image features in low resolution thumbnails, a novel image representation of compound document images - a SmartNail representation - is presented. SmartNails are replacements or supplements to traditional thumbnails for compound documents and contain cropped and scaled image and text segments. Image- and text-based analysis are merged to generate a layout for a particular display size with selected readable text and recognizable image regions. The analysis is efficiently performed by using information from document layout analysis and JPEG 2000 compressed file headers.
Amphetamine Paired With Physical Therapy Accelerates Motor Recovery After Stroke (1995)

Administration of dextroamphetamine paired with physical therapy increased the rate and extent of motor recovery in a small group of hemiplegic stroke patients. These data support and extend previous findings of the facilitatory aspects of certain types of drugs on recovery from brain injury. The use of neuromodulation may allow the nervous system to adapt previously unused or alternative pathways to relevant external input.