gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Report of an international working group to standardize response criteria for myelodysplastic syndromes. (2000)

Standardized criteria for assessing response are essential to ensure comparability among clinical trials for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). An international working group of experienced clinicians involved in the management of patients with MDS reviewed currently used response definitions and developed a uniform set of guidelines for future clinical trials in MDS. The MDS differ from many other hematologic malignancies in their chronicity and the morbidity and mortality caused by chronic cytopenias, often without disease progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Whereas response rates may be an important endpoint for phase 2 studies of new agents and may assist regulatory agencies in their evaluation and approval processes, an important goal of clinical trials in MDS should be to prolong patient survival. Therefore, these response criteria reflected 2 sets of goals in MDS: altering the natural history of the disease and alleviating disease-related complications with improved quality of life. It is anticipated that the recommendations presented will require modification as more is learned about the molecular biology and genetics of these disorders. Until then, it is hoped these guidelines will serve to improve communication among investigators and to ensure comparability among clinical trials. (Blood. 2000;96:3671-3674)
Substrate-Enhanced Microbial Fuel Cells for Improved Remote Power Generation from Sediment-Based Systems (2007)

A sediment microbial fuel cell (MFC) produces electricity through the bacterial oxidation of organic matter contained in the sediment. The power density is limited, however, due in part to the low organic matter content of most marine sediments. To increase power generation from these devices, particulate substrates were added to the anode compartment. Three materials were tested: two commercially available chitin products differing in particle size and biodegradability (Chitin 20 and Chitin 80) and cellulose powder. Maximum power densities using chitin in this substrate-enhanced sediment MFC (SEM) were 76 +/- 25 and 84 +/- 10 mW/m2 (normalized to cathode projected surface area) for Chitin 20 and Chitin 80, respectively, versus less than 2 mW/m2 for an unamended control. Power generation over a 10 day period averaged 64 +/- 27 mW/ m2 (Chitin 20) and 76 +/- 15 mW/m2 (Chitin 80). With cellulose, a similar maximum power was initially generated (83 +/- 3 mW/m2), but power rapidly decreased after only 20 h. Maximum power densities over the next 5 days varied substantially among replicate cellulose-fed reactors, ranging from 29 +/- 12 to 62 +/- 23 mW/m2. These results suggest a new approach to power generation in remote areas based on the use of particulate substrates. While the longevity of the SEM was relatively short in these studies, it is possible to increase operation times by controlling particle size, mass, and type of material needed to achieve desired power levels that could theoretically be sustained over periods of years or even decades.
Physical mechanisms of negative-bias temperature instability (2005)

We report first-principles calculations that elucidate the mechanisms that underlie key features of negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI). We show that the depassivation of Si–H bonds by protons released in the Si substrate is consistent with the observed increase in interface-trap density. The calculated activation energy of 0.36eV is in excellent agreement with observations for long stress times. Adequate amounts of hydrogen, needed to initiate depassivation, are likely to exist in the substrate, trapped in complexes with dopants. The role of holes in the H release mechanism is identified. Finally, we explain how the above mechanisms can account for various experimental NBTI observations.
The expression profile of micro-RNA in endometrium and endometriosis and the influence of ovarian steroids on their expression (2007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), through mRNA degradation or repression, act as key regulator of gene expression. Our aim was to identify specific miRNAs that are expressed in endometrium of women with and without endometriosis. We profiled the expression of 287 miRNAs in paired eutopic and ectopic endometrium and isolated endometrial cells using microarray and validated the expression of selected miRNAs using real-time PCR. On the basis of global normalization, 65 of these miRNAs were identified to be expressed above the threshold levels set during the analysis in the endometrium of women without endometriosis with a progressive decline in expression in paired eutopic and ectopic endometrium. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) identified 48 of these miRNAs as differentially expressed among these tissues and 32 miRNAs between isolated endometrial stromal cell (ESC) and glandular epithelial cell (GEC) (P < 0.05). The expression of hsa-miR20a, hsa-miR21, hsa-miR26a, hsa-miR18a, hsa-miR206, hsa-miR181a and hsa-miR142-5p, predicted to target many genes, including TGF-betaR2, ERalpha, ERbeta and PR, respectively, was validated in these tissues and cells using real-time PCR. Treatment of ESC and GEC with 17beta-estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate (10(-8) M) differentially regulated the expression of hsa-miR20a, hsa-miR21 and hsa-miR26a, which in part reversed following co-treatment with ICI-182780 and RU-486 (10(-6) M), respectively (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we provided evidence for the expression of a number of differentially expressed miRNAs in eutopic/ectopic endometrium and isolated endometrial cells, opening up the possibility that aberrant/altered expression of some miRNAs whose expression is regulated by the ovarian steroids may influence the expression of specific target genes with central roles in normal endometrial cellular activities and pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Conjugated linoleic acid and oxidative stress (1998)

Abstract At the present time, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is the subject of a growing number of studies since it has been demonstrated to possess anticarcinogenic and antiatherogenic activities in experimental animal models and to increase in some pathological states in humans. In both situations, CLA has been claimed to be involved in oxidative stress, as an antioxidant in the first case and as a primary product of a free‐radical attack on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the other. The controversial results are due mostly to a lack of a suitable methodology because the presence of conjugated dienes (CD) in lipid moiety has been taken for years as evidence of lipid peroxidation due to the occurrence of this structure in fatty acid hydroperoxides. We have recently developed a new methodology that consists of the extraction of fatty acids, including CD fatty acid hydroperoxides, by mild saponification and their separation and identification by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. Fatty acid analyses of liver homogenate, oxidized in vitro either with Fe‐ADP or t ‐butyl hydroperoxide ( t ‐ButylHP), of lamb and rats fed CLA at levels known to prevent carcinogenesis, showed that CLA and its metabolites steadily decreased during oxidative stress and that they are more prone to oxidation than their corresponding methylene‐interrupted fatty acids. No significant antioxidant effect of CLA was detected in any model tested. However, CD fatty acid hydroperoxides increased in the t ‐ButylHP model but not in the Fe‐ADP model, owing probably to the degradation of CD fatty acid hydroperoxides induced by this oxidative agent. In conclusion, CLA and its metabolites seem to behave, under oxidative stress, as regular PUFA. Thus, it is highly unlikely that the peculiar effects of CLA are directly related to interference in lipoperoxidative processes.
Melatonin suppresses tumor progression by reducing angiogenesis stimulated by HIF‐1 in a mouse tumor model (2012)

Abstract The sustained expansion of a tumor mass requires new blood vessel formation to provide rapidly proliferating tumor cells with an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 ( HIF ‐1) plays an essential role in tumor angiogenesis and growth by regulating the transcription of genes in response to hypoxic stress. This study was designed to investigate the effects of melatonin on tumor growth and angiogenesis, as well as the mechanism underlying the antitumor activities of melatonin. In this study, we show that the administration of melatonin inhibits tumor growth and blocks tumor angiogenesis in mice. Moreover, melatonin diminished the expression of the HIF ‐1α protein within the tumor mass during tumorigenesis. Our findings suggest that melatonin is a promising anti‐angiogenic therapeutic agent targeting HIF ‐1α in cancer. Considering that HIF ‐1α is overexpressed in a majority of human cancers, melatonin could offer a potent therapeutic agent for cancer.
Conductive buffer layers and overlayers for the thermal stability of coated conductors (2001)

We analyze fundamental issues related to the thermal and electrical stability of a coated conductor during its operation. We address the role of conductive buffer layers in the stability of Ni-based coated conductors, and the effect of a metallic cap layer on the electrical properties of Ni alloy-based superconducting tapes. For the first case we report on the fabrication of a fully conductive RABiTS architecture formed of bilayers of conductive oxides SrRuO/sub 3/ and LaNiO/sub 3/ on textured Ni tapes. For the second case we discuss measurements of current-voltage relations on Ag/YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// and Cu/Ag/YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// prototype multilayers on insulating substrates. Limitations on the overall tape structure and properties that are posed by the stability requirement are presented.
Wide-field tissue polarimetry allows efficient localized mass spectrometry imaging of biological tissues (2015)

While mass spectrometers can detect chemical signatures within milliseconds of data acquisition time, the non-targeted nature of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) necessitates probing the entire surface of the sample to reveal molecular composition even if the information is only sought from a sample subsection. This leads to long analysis times. Here, we used polarimetry to identify, within a biological tissue, areas of polarimetric heterogeneity indicative of cancer. We were then able to target our MS analysis using polarimetry results to either the cancer region itself or to the cancer margin. A tandem of polarimetry and Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (DESI-MSI) enables fast (10 fold compared to non-targeted imaging), and accurate pathology assessment (cancer typification in less than 2 minutes compared to 30 minutes for histopathology) of <i>ex vivo</i> tissue slices, without additional sample preparation. This workflow reduces the overall analysis time of MSI as a research tool.
Intracranial arterial wall imaging using three‐dimensional high isotropic resolution black blood MRI at 3.0 Tesla (2011)

The 3D-VISTA provides SNR-efficient, highly reliable measurements of intracranial vessels at high isotropic-resolution, enabling broad coverage in a clinically acceptable time.
Acousto-optic lens with very fast focus scanning (2001)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an acousto-optic cylindrical lens with a very fast (400-kHz) focal scanning. The lens is realized by use of two adjacent acousto-optic scanners with counterpropagating acoustic waves that have the same frequency modulation but a pi phase difference. This scheme completely suppresses the lateral scan but adds the linear chirp of the two waves and thus functions as a fast focal-scan lens. We also demonstrate the use of this scanning lens in a very fast confocal profilometer.
Ebola virus-mediated T-lymphocyte depletion is the result of an abortive infection (2019)

Ebola virus (EBOV) infections are characterized by a pronounced lymphopenia that is highly correlative with fatalities. However, the mechanisms leading to T-cell depletion remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that both viral mRNAs and antigens are detectable in CD4+ T cells despite the absence of productive infection. A protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor, 1E7-03, and siRNA-mediated suppression of viral antigens were used to demonstrate de novo synthesis of viral RNAs and antigens in CD4+ T cells, respectively. Cell-to-cell fusion of permissive Huh7 cells with non-permissive Jurkat T cells impaired productive EBOV infection suggesting the presence of a cellular restriction factor. We determined that viral transcription is partially impaired in the fusion T cells. Lastly, we demonstrate that exposure of T cells to EBOV resulted in autophagy through activation of ER-stress related pathways. These data indicate that exposure of T cells to EBOV results in an abortive infection, which likely contributes to the lymphopenia observed during EBOV infections.
High‐frequency electroencephalographic oscillations correlate with outcome of epilepsy surgery (2009)

The correlation between removal of HFO-generating areas and good surgical outcome indicates that HFOs could be used as a marker of epileptogenicity and may be more accurate than spike-generating areas or the SOZ. In patients in whom the majority of HFO-generating tissue remained, a poor surgical outcome occurred.
STAT3 as a Therapeutic Target for Glioblastoma (2010)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor. Despite advances in surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, prognosis remains very poor. Accordingly, recent studies have been focused on the aberrant signal transduction pathways in glioblastoma. Many patient derived primary glioblastomas and cell lines express constitutively activated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3). Here we focused on the recent progresses regarding to the roles of STAT3 in glioblastoma and glioblastoma stem cells (GBM-SCs), the dysregulation of STAT3 in glioblastoma, and targeting STAT3 for glioblastoma therapy.
Identification of carotenoids in Erwinia herbicola and in a transformed Escherichia coli strain (1990)

The yellow pigments of Erwinia herbicola Eho 10 and of a transformed Escherichia coli LE392 pPL376 have been identified as carotenoids. HPLC separation, spectra and in some cases mass spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of phytoene (15-cis isomer), β-carotene (all-trans, 9-cis and 15-cis), β-cryptoxanthin (3-hydroxy βcarotene), zeaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy β-carotene) and corresponding carotenoid glycosides. In addition, lycopene and β-carotene accumulated in the presence of the inhibitor 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)-triethylamine HCl. Carotenoid content in the transformed E. coli was two-fold higher than in E. herbicola. The pattern of the carotenoids was similar in the two organisms. Inactivation of the katF gene in E. coli resulted in an 85% loweing of carotenoid formation, as did the addition of 0.5% glucose to the medium. Suppression of carotenoid formation by inactivation of the katF gene lowered, but did not abolish, the protection offered by carotenoids against inactivation by α-terthienyl plus near-ultraviolet light (320–400 nm).
The regulation of genetic competence in Bacillus subtilis (1991)

Genetic competence develops as a global response of Bacillus subtilis to the onset of stationary phase, in glucose-minimal salts-based media. The onset of competence is accompanied by the expression of several late gene products that are required for the binding, processing and uptake of transforming DNA. A number of regulatory genes have been identified that are needed for the appropriate synthesis of the late gene products. The regulatory gene products include a number of known transcription factors, as well as several members of the bacterial two-component regulatory system. Genetic analysis has suggested a scheme for the flow of regulatory information signalling the onset of competence. Most of these regulatory products appear to be involved in the response to nutritional status, while the components responsible for growth stage and cell-type-specific control remain unknown. The general implications of this scheme for post-exponential expression are discussed.
Role of the Matrix Metalloproteinase and Plasminogen Activator–Plasmin Systems in Angiogenesis (2001)

Extracellular proteolysis is an absolute requirement for new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis). This review examines the role of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and plasminogen activator (PA)-plasmin systems during angiogenesis. Specifically, a role for gelatinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), membrane-type 1 MMP (MMP-14), the urokinase-type PA receptor, and PA inhibitor 1 has been clearly defined in a number of model systems. The MMP and PA-plasmin systems have also been implicated in experimental vascular tumor formation, and their role during this process will be examined. Antiproteolysis, particularly in the context of angiogenesis, has become a key target in therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting tumor growth and other diseases associated with neovascularization.
Whole Blood Platelet Aggregometry and Platelet Function Testing (2009)

Platelet aggregometry has been the reference method employed to detect, diagnose, and monitor qualitative platelet disorders since the early 1960s. Lumiaggregometry and impedance-based whole blood lumiaggregometry have advantages over light transmittance aggregometry in that they provide for enhanced specimen management and increase the test sensitivity to impairment of platelet granule secretion. Whole blood lumiaggregometry detects and identifies congenital and acquired platelet plasma membrane receptor defects, metabolic pathway secretion disorders, and storage pool deficiency. Whole blood lumiaggregometry is also being applied to antiplatelet therapy monitoring and identifies aspirin and thienopyridine resistance. There is growing interest in using impedance-based whole blood lumiaggregometry for near-patient whole blood platelet analysis and antiplatelet therapy monitoring. This article will also discuss other whole blood testing processes for assessing platelet function, particularly as applied to assessing the effect of antiplatelet medication.
Specificity and mechanism of action of some commonly used protein kinase inhibitors (2000)

The specificities of 28 commercially available compounds reported to be relatively selective inhibitors of particular serine/threonine-specific protein kinases have been examined against a large panel of protein kinases. The compounds KT 5720, Rottlerin and quercetin were found to inhibit many protein kinases, sometimes much more potently than their presumed targets, and conclusions drawn from their use in cell-based experiments are likely to be erroneous. Ro 318220 and related bisindoylmaleimides, as well as H89, HA1077 and Y 27632, were more selective inhibitors, but still inhibited two or more protein kinases with similar potency. LY 294002 was found to inhibit casein kinase-2 with similar potency to phosphoinositide (phosphatidylinositol) 3-kinase. The compounds with the most impressive selectivity profiles were KN62, PD 98059, U0126, PD 184352, rapamycin, wortmannin, SB 203580 and SB 202190. U0126 and PD 184352, like PD 98059, were found to block the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in cell-based assays by preventing the activation of MAPK kinase (MKK1), and not by inhibiting MKK1 activity directly. Apart from rapamycin and PD 184352, even the most selective inhibitors affected at least one additional protein kinase. Our results demonstrate that the specificities of protein kinase inhibitors cannot be assessed simply by studying their effect on kinases that are closely related in primary structure. We propose guidelines for the use of protein kinase inhibitors in cell-based assays.
Rapid growth of human cancer cells in a mouse model with fibrin clot subrenal capsule assay. (1987)

Rapid in vivo growth of cultured human cancer or leukemia cells was achieved by implantation into the subrenal capsule of mice. A solid structure, necessary for accurate implantation and measurement of tumor growth in this model, was provided by stepwise addition of fibrinogen and thrombin to the tumor cells, leading to rapid enzymatic formation of a solid tumor-fibrin matrix. Human leukemia and epithelial cancers increased in volume between 6- and 40-fold when measured 6-10 days after implantation into normal or immunosuppressed mice. Immunosuppression of host CD-1 mice was achieved by cyclosporine given daily after tumor implantation, cyclophosphamide given preimplantation combined with cyclosporine, or whole-body irradiation given preimplantation. Confirming the validity of tumor measurements, tumor histology in the immunosuppressed mice revealed cell proliferation, invasion, and neovascularization. Similarly, no artifactual measurement of tumor growth was observed by nonviable cancer cells, implanted after in vitro exposure to a known cytotoxic concentration of thiotepa. This model provides an economical, short-term technique for the in vivo study of human tumor growth, for the evaluation of new cancer therapies, and for in vitro - in vivo drug activity correlations in specific types of human cancer or leukemia cell lines.
Some properties of the Spearman estimator in bioassay (1961)

Some properties of the Spearman estimator in bioassay Get access BYRIN Wm BRIWN, JR BYRIN Wm BRIWN, JR School of Public Health, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 48, Issue 3-4, December 1961, Pages 293–302, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/48.3-4.293 Published: 01 December 1961
Polymerization of monomers containing functional groups protected by trialkylsilyl groups. 5. Synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) with a narrow molecular weight distribution by means of anionic living polymerization (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of monomers containing functional groups protected by trialkylsilyl groups. 5. Synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) with a narrow molecular weight distribution by means of anionic living polymerizationAkira Hirao, Hideshige Kato, Kazuo Yamaguchi, and Seiichi NakahamaCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 5, 1294–1299Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00159a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00159a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1416Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts