gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reagents for Combinatorial Organic Synthesis: Development of a New o-Nitrobenzyl Photolabile Linker for Solid Phase Synthesis (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReagents for Combinatorial Organic Synthesis: Development of a New o-Nitrobenzyl Photolabile Linker for Solid Phase SynthesisChristopher P. Holmes and David G. JonesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 8, 2318–2319Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00113a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00113a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2355Altmetric-Citations200LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Direct evidence for translational regulation by leader RNA and Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (1990)

Translational effects of the RNA leader and Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were investigated in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Hybrid RNA species with natural or mutated HIV-1 leader fused to human interferon- gamma mRNA were produced in vitro from recombinant plasmids. HIV-1 leader RNA was found to inhibit translation through two mechanisms. A 3-fold trans-inhibition of translation was demonstrated by mixing hybrid HIV-1 leader RNA with indicator interferon mRNA. By comparison, HIV-1 leader caused a 50-fold cis-inhibition in lysate in which two trans-inhibitory factors, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase and (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase, were suppressed. In contrast, purified HIV-1 Tat protein produced in Escherichia coli enhanced by 4-fold translation from HIV-1 leader-interferon mRNA but not from interferon mRNA lacking HIV sequences or from total poly(A)+ RNA. Translation of mRNA containing either a single base substitution in the loop of the "trans-acting responsive" sequence (TAR) or an alternative stem-loop in TAR was nevertheless stimulated by Tat. The enhancement of translation by Tat was largely due to relief of cis-inhibition, since the effect was found even in lysate in which double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase was inhibited with 2-aminopurine. These results suggest that translation is an important level of control in the replication cycle of HIV-1.
Different biological properties of the two constituent peptide chains of ricin a toxic protein inhibiting protein synthesis (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDifferent biological properties of the two constituent peptide chains of ricin a toxic protein inhibiting protein synthesisSjur Olsnes and Alexander PihlCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 16, 3121–3126Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00740a028https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00740a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1035Altmetric-Citations364LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Capillary liquid chromatography interfaced to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using an on-line coupled piezoelectric flow-through microdispenser (2000)

A piezoelectric flow-through microdispenser interfacing capillary liquid chromatography (LC) with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-fight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was developed for the identification of biomolecules. The MALDI target plate was placed on a computer controlled high-resolution x-y stage, on to which the column effluent was deposited as discrete spots, which thereby facilitated tracing of the chromatographic separation. The entire target plate was sprayed with a homogeneous layer of alpha-cyano-4-cinnamic acid mixed with nitrocellulose by using an air-brush. Hence the tedious manual handling of a micropipetter applying matrix solution on top of each fraction collected spot was avoided. The pre-made target plates were stable for at least 3 weeks if kept in darkness at room temperature, which easily allowed re-analysis of dispensed sample spots. The integrated microsystem was characterized and optimized by means of fluidics, dispersion, operational stability and sensitivity parameters. The dispensing unit was developed specifically to match high-resolution capillary LC separations using a dispenser with an internal volume from inlet to the ejecting nozzle of 250 nl. Minimizing dead volumes was crucial in order to maintain the chromatographic resolution. The volume of the ejected droplets was of the order of 60 pl. Successful separations of seven immunoregulating peptides were made: ACTH 1-17, bradykinin, enkephalin, angiotensin III, angiotensin II, angiotensin I and ACTH 18-39. On-line sample dispensing on the target plate in combination with trace enrichment followed by automated MALDI-TOF MS identification is demonstrated, reaching a sensitivity of 100 amol.
Quantitation of the number of mitogen molecules activating DNA synthesis in T and B lymphocytes. (1973)

Thymus-derived (T) and bone-marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes bound equal numbers of Concanavalin A (Con A) molecules, although only T cells were stimulated to proliferation by soluble Con A. Optimal T cell proliferation occurred when approximately 3 × 10(6) molecules of Con A were bound per cell, which corresponds to 3–10% of the available receptors. Con A can be converted to a selective B cell mitogen provided it was presented to the cells in a locally concentrated form, achieved by cross-linking the lectin to the bottom of tissue culture Petri dishes. Optimal B cell stimulation by insolubilized Con A was obtained at a density of 1–4 × 10(12) molecules/cm.(2) It was estimated that per unit surface area, B and T cells were activated by the same number of Con A molecules, whereas T cells required more molecules per cell. In terms of T–B cell co-operation this suggests that optimally activated T cells present an optimally stimulating number of Con A molecules to the B cells by direct cell to cell interaction. It is postulated that the actual interaction between Con A and the sugar containing receptor at the cell membrane is not directly responsible for lymphocyte activation, but as a consequence of this initial binding, the Con A-receptor complex interacts with a second membrane receptor of a different type. When a sufficient number of these second receptors have reacted with the Con A-sugar receptor complex the cell became activated. T cells are postulated to have a greater number of the second type receptors than B cells. The ability of locally concentrated Con A to activate B cells but not T cells is explained in terms of this hypothesis.
Identification of Tyrosine Kinases Overexpressed in Head and Neck Cancer (2004)

In this study, we identified 5 PTKs that were overexpressed in HNSCC using a reverse transcriptase-PCR technique and confirmed the overexpression of 3 known PTKs in some of the 8 archival HNSCC specimens studied. Our finding suggests that the signaling pathways mediated through EphA1, Brk, and Ron may be involved in the development and progression of HNSCC.
Medical Management of Alagille Syndrome (2010)

Alagille syndrome is a highly variable, autosomal dominant disorder that affects the liver, heart, eyes, face, skeleton, kidneys, and vascular system. Much has been learned about the genetics of this disorder, which is caused primarily by mutations in the Notch signaling pathway ligand JAGGED1; however, the medical management of this condition is complex and continues to generate controversy. The significant variability of organ involvement requires the managing physician to have an understanding of the breadth and interplay of the variable manifestations. Furthermore, the liver disease in particular requires an appreciation of the natural history and evolution of the profound cholestasis.
EncCon: An Approach to Constructing Interactive Visualization of Large Hierarchical Data (2005)

This paper describes a new technique called EncCon for visualizing and navigating large hierarchical information. This technique consists of two components: visualization and navigation. Visualization uses a fast enclosure + connection method to calculate the geometrical layout for the display of large hierarchies in a two-dimensional space. Our technique uses a rectangular division algorithm for recursively positioning the graph. This visualization aims to maximize the utilization of display space while retaining a good geometrical layout as well as a clear (explicit) presentation of the hierarchical structure of graphs. This paper also presents an experimental evaluation of EncCon's layout algorithm. Besides the layout algorithm, EncCon uses a new focus + context viewing technique for the navigation of large hierarchies. We use the zooming + layering concept to achieve the focus + context viewing, rather than the traditional enlarge + embedded concept, which is used by most of the available focus + context techniques. Technically, it employs semi-transparency to achieve the display of two layers of information in z-coordination at the same visualization. Both context view and detail view are drawn at two separate layers. These layers are then displayed in an overlapped manner at the same physical screen space.
A practical approach to chiral separations by liquid chromatography (1994)

An introduction to enantioseparation by liquid chromatography regulatory implications and chiral separations modelling enantiodifferentiation in chiral chromatography enantiomer separation using tailormade phases prepared by molecular imprinting cyclodextrin bonded chiral stationary phases in enantiomer separation polysaccharides phases and enantioseparations separation of enantiomers by protein-based chiral phases optically active polyacrylamide silica composites and related packing and their application in chiral separation ion-pair chromatography in enantiomer separation. (Part contents).
Synthesis and properties of a meso- tris–ferrocene appended zinc(ii) porphyrin and a critical evaluation of its dye sensitised solar cell (DSSC) performance (2014)

A zinc(<sc>ii</sc>) porphyrin derivative, <bold>F3P</bold>, was prepared containing a single ferrocene group appended at three of the <italic>meso</italic> positions.
Detection of Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Alleles Using Gene-Specific PCR and a Multiplexed Ligation Detection Reaction (1995)

Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, an inherited inability to synthesize cortisol that occurs in 1 in 10,000-15,000 births. Affected females are born with ambiguous genitalia, a condition that can be ameliorated by administering dexamethasone to the mother for most of gestation. Prenatal diagnosis is required for accurate treatment of affected females as well as for genetic counseling purposes. Approximately 95% of mutations causing this disorder result from recombinations between the gene encoding the 21-hydroxylase enzyme (CYP21) and a linked, highly homologous pseudogene (CYP21P). Approximately 20% of these mutations are gene deletions, and the remainder are gene conversions that transfer any of nine deleterious mutations from the CYP21P pseudogene to CYP21. We describe a methodology for genetic diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency that utilizes gene-specific PCR amplification in conjunction with thermostable DNA ligase to discriminate single nucleotide variations in a multiplexed ligation detection assay. The assay has been designed to be used with either fluorescent or radioactive detection of ligation products by electrophoresis on denaturing acrylamide gels and is readily adaptable for use in other disease systems.
Antimalarial Activities and Therapeutic Properties of Febrifugine Analogs (2005)

Febrifugine is the active principal isolated 50 years ago from the Chinese herb chang shan (Dichroa febrifuga Lour), which has been used as an antimalarial in Chinese traditional medicine for more than 2,000 years. However, intensive study of the properties of febrifugine has been hindered for decades due to its side effects. We report new findings on the effects of febrifugine analogs compared with those of febrifugine extracted from the dry roots of D. febrifuga. The properties of the extracted febrifugine were comparable to those obtained from the standard febrifugine provided by our collaborators. A febrifugine structure-based computer search of the Walter Reed Chemical Information System identified 10 analogs that inhibited parasite growth in vitro, with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.141 to 290 ng/ml. The host macrophages (J744 cells) were 50 to 100 times less sensitive to the febrifugine analogs than the parasites. Neuronal (NG108) cells were even more insensitive to these drugs (selectivity indices, >1,000), indicating that a feasible therapeutic index for humans could be established. The analogs, particularly halofuginone, notably reduced parasitemias to undetectable levels and displayed curative effects in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Recrudescence of the parasites after treatment with the febrifugine analogs was the key factor that caused the death of most of the mice in groups receiving an effective dose. Subcutaneous treatments with the analogs did not cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract when the animals were treated with doses within the antimalarial dose range. In summary, these analogs appear to be promising lead antimalarial compounds that require intensive study for optimization for further down-selection and development.
Molecular cloning and characterization of OB-cadherin, a new member of cadherin family expressed in osteoblasts. (1994)

The preferential screening of cDNA libraries derived from the mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 has yielded a cDNA clone encoding 796 amino acids including the typical 24-residue-long signal sequence. The predicted amino acid sequence revealed that this protein constitutes a new member of the cadherin family. We propose the name OB-cadherin (OB for osteoblast) for this new protein. RNA analyses revealed that the OB-cadherin gene is selectively expressed in osteoblastic cell lines, precursor cell lines of osteoblasts, and primary osteoblastic cells from calvaria, as well as in lung, testis, and brain tissues at low levels. Transfection of OB-cadherin cDNA into L cells resulted in the acquisition of the Ca(2+)-dependent adhesive property. Two different forms of the human OB-cadherin cDNA were subsequently cloned; one is a counterpart of mouse OB-cadherin gene, and the other encodes a protein with a truncated cytoplasmic domain. The results suggest that the newly found OB-cadherin might have an important role in bone formation.
Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis in a strain expressing perfringolysin O in place of listeriolysin O (1994)

Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a pore-forming cytolysin that enables Listeria monocytogenes to escape from a host cell vacuole. The structural gene for the related cytolysin perfringolysin O (pfo) was cloned downstream from the promoter for hly, the gene encoding LLO, both on a plasmid and on the L. monocytogenes chromosome. Both strains secreted active PFO, although regulation was not identical to that of LLO. The chromosomal PFO-expressing strain was characterized for intracellular growth and cell-to-cell spread. It escaped from a host cell vacuole with 64% efficiency compared with the wild type as determined by immunofluorescent staining of bacteria for F-actin, a marker for entry into the cytoplasm. In addition, it replicated intracellularly with a doubling time similar to that of the wild type for 5 h, after which growth was aborted because of a cytotoxic effect on the host cell and influx of extracellular gentamicin. The chromosomal PFO strain was able to plaque in mouse L2 fibroblasts, but it did so at 20% efficiency compared with the wild type and the plaques were significantly smaller. Both strains expressing PFO were completely avirulent in mice. These results indicate that PFO can mediate escape from a host cell vacuole but cannot complement an hly deletion strain for virulence.
NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in hepatocyte pyroptosis, liver inflammation, and fibrosis in mice (2013)

Our data demonstrate that global and, to a lesser extent, myeloid-specific NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in severe liver inflammation and fibrosis while identifying hepatocyte pyroptotic cell death as a novel mechanism of NLRP3-mediated liver damage.
Chinaplas® 2014: Building a Bigger Platform for Plastics Technologies (2014)

Plastics Engineering is the official publication of the Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE). We provide plastics professionals with a wealth of information about machinery, technological advances, materials innovations, sustainability, and more.
Functional Characterization of Structural Alterations in the Sequence of the Vasodilatory Peptide Maxadilan Yields a Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Peptide Type 1 Receptor-specific Antagonist (1999)

Maxadilan is a vasodilatory peptide derived from sand flies that is an agonist at the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) type 1 receptor. Surprisingly, maxadilan does not share significant sequence homology with PACAP. To examine the relationship between structure and activity of maxadilan, several amino acid substitutions and deletions were made in the peptide. These peptides were examined in vitro for binding to crude membranes derived from rabbit brain, a tissue that expresses PACAP type 1 receptors; and induction of cAMP was determined in PC12 cells, a line that expresses these receptors. The peptides were examined in vivo for their ability to induce erythema in rabbit skin. Substitution of the individual cysteines at positions 1 and 5 or deletion of this ring structure had little effect on activity. Substitution of either cysteine at position 14 or 51 eliminated activity. Deletion of the 19 amino acids between positions 24 and 42 resulted in a peptide with binding, but no functional activity. The capacity of this deletion mutant to interact with COS cells transfected with the PACAP type 1 receptor revealed that this peptide was a specific antagonist to the PACAP type 1 receptor.
Yeast 18S rRNA Dimethylase Dim1p: a Quality Control Mechanism in Ribosome Synthesis? (1998)

One of the few rRNA modifications conserved between bacteria and eukaryotes is the base dimethylation present at the 3' end of the small subunit rRNA. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this modification is carried out by Dim1p. We previously reported that genetic depletion of Dim1p not only blocked this modification but also strongly inhibited the pre-rRNA processing steps that lead to the synthesis of 18S rRNA. This prevented the formation of mature but unmodified 18S rRNA. The processing steps inhibited were nucleolar, and consistent with this, Dim1p was shown to localize mostly to this cellular compartment. dim1-2 was isolated from a library of conditionally lethal alleles of DIM1. In dim1-2 strains, pre-rRNA processing was not affected at the permissive temperature for growth, but dimethylation was blocked, leading to strong accumulation of nondimethylated 18S rRNA. This demonstrates that the enzymatic function of Dim1p in dimethylation can be separated from its involvement in pre-rRNA processing. The growth rate of dim1-2 strains was not affected, showing the dimethylation to be dispensable in vivo. Extracts of dim1-2 strains, however, were incompetent for translation in vitro. This suggests that dimethylation is required under the suboptimal in vitro conditions but only fine-tunes ribosomal function in vivo. Unexpectedly, when transcription of pre-rRNA was driven by a polymerase II PGK promoter, its processing became insensitive to temperature-sensitive mutations in DIM1 or to depletion of Dim1p. This observation, which demonstrates that Dim1p is not directly required for pre-rRNA processing reactions, is consistent with the inhibition of pre-rRNA processing by an active repression system in the absence of Dim1p.
Infectious Mutants of HTLV-III with Changes in the 3′ Region and Markedly Reduced Cytopathic Effects (1986)

A variant of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) is described that replicates but does not kill normal human T cells in vitro. This variant, designated X10-1, was derived from the genome of a cytopathic HTLV-III clone (pHXB2D) by excision of a 200-base pair segment in the 3' region of the virus, spanning the env and 3'-orf genes. Comparable variants with 55 to 109 base pairs deleted exclusively in 3'-orf produced, in contrast, virus that was extremely cytopathic. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that the 3'-orf gene is not required for cytopathogenicity or replication of HTLV-III. In addition, the results suggest that virus replication and cytotoxicity are not intrinsically coupled. Furthermore, since clone X10-1 retains the ability to trans-activate genes linked to the viral long terminal repeats, trans-activation per se is not responsible for T-cell killing by HTLV-III. These results also raise the possibility that the carboxyl terminus of the envelope gene of HTLV-III has a direct role in T-cell killing by this virus.