gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of secreted proteins of mouse mammary epithelial cells by the collagenous substrata. (1984)

It has been shown previously that cultures of mouse mammary epithelial cells retain their characteristic morphology and their ability to produce gamma-casein, a member of the casein gene family, only if they are maintained on floating collagen gels (Emerman, J.T., and D.R. Pitelka, 1977, In Vitro, 13:316-328). In this paper we show: (a) Cells on floating collagen gels secrete not only gamma-casein but also alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta-caseins. These are not secreted by cells on plastic and are secreted to only a very limited extent by cells on attached collagen gels. (b) The floating collagen gel regulates at the level of synthesis and/or stabilization of the caseins rather than at the level of secretion alone. Contraction of the floating gel is important in that cells cultured on floating glutaraldehyde cross-linked gels do not secrete any of the caseins. (c) The secretion of an 80,000-mol-wt protein, most probably transferrin, and a 67,000-mol-wt protein, probably butyrophilin, a major protein of the milk fat globule membrane are partially modulated by substrata. However, in contrast to the caseins, these are always detectable in media from cells cultured on plastic and attached gels. (d) Whey acidic protein, a major whey protein, is actively secreted by freshly isolated cells but is secreted in extremely limited quantities in cultured cells regardless of the nature of the substratum used. alpha-Lactalbumin secretion is also decreased significantly in cultured cells. (e) A previously unreported set of proteins, which may be minor milk proteins, are prominently secreted by the mammary cells on all substrata tested. We conclude that while the substratum profoundly influences the secretion of the caseins, it does not regulate the expression of every milk-specific protein in the same way. The mechanistic implications of these findings are discussed.
Micromachined piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers based on parylene diaphragm in silicon substrate (2002)

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of a micromachined ultrasonic airborne transducer built on a 1 /spl mu/m thick parylene polymer diaphragm (flat 5000*5000 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ square diaphragm) with electrodes and a piezoelectric ZnO film in a silicon substrate. The sound pressure level at 20 mm away from the fabricated transducer is measured to be around 0.44 Pa at 32.9 kHz (the transducer is driven by a 11 V/sub rms/ sinusoidal source and measured with B&K 4135 microphone). The vibration amplitude is measured (with a laser Doppler meter) to be about 1 /spl mu/m at 32.9 kHz. Finite element analysis with ANSYS 5.6 has been performed to analyze the static and dynamic behaviors of the transducer under both pressure and voltage loadings.
Deformable motion model for Frame Rate Up-Conversion in video coding (2016)

In June 2015, VCEG released the HMKTA which added a lot of new coding tools to improve the coding efficiency and Frame Rate Up-Conversion (FRUC) mode is one of the merge mode of inter prediction. FRUC adopts bilateral matching and template matching to derive motion information. Because FRUC need to further refine the sub-block's motion information after deriving the motion vector for current prediction unit (PU), it will involves huge computational complexity. This paper presents the third mode for FRUC called Deformable mode. The new mode uses motion information of the adjacent block to the four corners of the current PU to derive the motion information of every minimum partition (MP) in current coding unit (CU). The experimental results show the proposed algorithm can reduce the coding time of FRUC, and it can reduce the encoding time by 13.1% in a best case scenario when compared with the regular algorithm.
Laser-ultraviolet-A-induced ultraweak photon emission in mammalian cells (2005)

Photobiological research in the last 30 yr has shown the existence of ultraweak photon emission in biological tissue, which can be detected with sophisticated photomultiplier systems. Although the emission of this ultraweak radiation, often termed biophotons, is extremely low in mammalian cells, it can be efficiently increased by ultraviolet light. Most recently it was shown that UV-A (330 to 380 nm) releases such very weak cell radiation in differentiated human skin fibroblasts. Based on these findings, a new and powerful tool in the form of UV-A-laser-induced biophotonic emission of cultured cells was developed with the intention to detect biophysical changes between carcinogenic and normal cells. With suspension densities ranging from 1 to 8 x 10(6) cells/mL, it was evident that an increase of the UV-A-laser-light induced photon emission intensity could be observed in normal as well as melanoma cells. Using this new detection procedure of ultraweak light emission, photons in cell suspensions as low as 100 microL could be determined, which is a factor of 100 lower compared to previous procedures. Moreover, the detection procedure has been further refined by turning off the photomultiplier system electronically during irradiation leading to the first measurements of induced light emission in the cells after less than 10 micros instead of 150 ms, as reported in previous procedures. This improvement leads to measurements of light bursts up 10(7) photons/s instead of several hundred as found with classical designs. Overall, we find decreasing induction ratings between normal and melanoma cells as well as cancer-prone and melanoma cells. Therefore, it turns out that this highly sensitive and noninvasive device enables us to detect high levels of ultraweak photon emission following UV-A-laser-induced light stimulation within the cells, which enables future development of new biophysical strategies in cell research.
Role of EscF, a putative needle complex protein, in the type III protein translocation system of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (2001)

Type III secretion systems, designed to deliver effector proteins across the bacterial cell envelope and the plasma membrane of the target eukaryotic cell, are involved in subversion of eukaryotic cell functions in a variety of human, animal and plant pathogens. In enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), several protein substrates for the secretion apparatus were identified, including EspA, EspB and EspD. EspA is a structural protein and the major component of a large transiently expressed filamentous surface organelle that forms a direct link between the bacterium and the host cell, whereas EspD and EspB seem to form the mature translocation pore. Recent studies of the type III secretion systems of Shigella and Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-1 revealed the existence of a macromolecular complex that spans both bacterial membranes and consists of a basal structure with two upper and two lower rings and a needle-like projection that extends outwards from the bacterial surface. MxiH (Shigella) and PrgI (Salmonella) are the main components of the needle of the type III secretion complex. A needle-like complex has not yet been reported in EPEC. In this study, we investigated EscF, a protein sharing sequence similarity with MxiH and PrgI. We report that EscF is required for type III protein secretion and EspA filament assembly. Moreover, we show that EscF binds EspA, suggesting that EspA filaments are an extension of the type III secretion needle complexes in EPEC.
Radiation hard fiber optics. Final technical report 24 Apr 78-24 Apr 80 (1981)

A study of radiation-inducted absorption in low-loss optical waveguides is reported. Step-index optical fibers were prepared from preforms fabricated by the CVD method. The germanium silicate core glass in the fibers was doped with varying amounts of antimony, cerium, boron, phosphorus and hydroxyl groups. The effects of such variations in the glass chemistry on the radiation inducted attenuation of the fibers was evaluated. The transient, steady-state, and temperature-dependent response to radiation was measured. The behavior of fibers containing cerium and antimony indicate that multivalent dopants can be used to modify favorably the radiation response of optical waveguides.
Gene 18 protein of bacteriophage T7. Overproduction, purification, and characterization. (1987)

Genetic and physical analyses indicate that gene 18 protein of bacteriophage T7 is essential for packaging of T7 DNA. T7 DNA is replicated via linear intermediates, culminating in the formation of concatemers many genomes in length which are then packaged into capsids. In infections with phage carrying amber mutations in gene 18, development is blocked at the concatemer stage. Biochemical studies on the role of gene 18 protein in concatemer processing and DNA packaging have been hampered by its low level of expression of gene 18 during T7 infections. We have cloned gene 18 on a plasmid downstream from the bacteriophage lambda PL promoter controlled by the temperature-sensitive lambda repressor encoded by c 1857. Thermal induction leads to the expression of the 10,000-Da gene 18 protein to the extent of approximately 10% of the total protein after 2 h. The overexpressed gene 18 protein is susceptible to proteolytic degradation, a condition that can be alleviated by expression in an Escherichia coli strain carrying the lon100 deletion which reduces production of protease La. Extracts of induced cells will complement an extract of T7-infected cells lacking gene 18 protein for packaging of exogenous T7 DNA. The assay has been used to monitor the purification of gene 18 protein to essential homogeneity. The identity of the purified protein has been confirmed by sequencing of the N terminus. Gel filtration analysis suggests that the native protein is an octomer. Treatment of gene 18 protein with 3 M guanidine hydrochloride denatures it to a monomer. Removal of the denaturing agent by dialysis regenerates the octomeric structure and the ability to complement packaging extracts.
Epidermal Mast Cells (1977)

Tissue from 134 patients with neurodermatitis and prurigo, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, pemphigus, and urticaria pigmentosa was examined qualitatively for epidermal mast cells. Epidermal mast cells were found in all of the diseases that were studied except dermatitis herpetiformis. Pemphigus vegetans and dermatitis vegetans were frequently associated with the presence of epidermal mast cells. In other pseudoepitheliomatous diseases, such as tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, blastomycosis, and bromoderma, epidermal mast cells were present in many cases. Four of eight patients with acral dermatitis with elevated IgE blood levels had intraepidermal mast cells; the number was much lower in patients with usual neurodermatitis and prurigo nodularis. Only two of ten cases of alopecia mucinosa showed epidermal mast cells. A single epidermal mast cell was found in ten cases of urticaria pigmentosa. Chronic inflammation associated with epidermal cell proliferation appeared to correlate with the presence of epidermal mast cell.
Graphene-Based Polymer Composites and Their Applications (2013)

Abstract Recently, graphene has attracted both academic and industrial interest because it can produce a dramatic improvement in properties at low filler content. The utilization of graphene-based materials in the fabrication of nanocomposities with different polymer matrixes has been explored. This review article presents and discusses the development of graphene-based polymer composites and their applications in different fields such as electronics devices, energy storage, sensors, ESD and EMI shielding and biomedical applications. Keywords: Cancer therapyDrug deliveryElectronic devicesGrapheneNanocompositeSensors
The C-C chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR8 identify airway T cells of allergen-challenged atopic asthmatics (2001)

In vitro polarized human Th2 cells preferentially express the chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR4, and CCR8 and migrate to their ligands: eotaxin, monocyte-derived chemokine (MDC), thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and I-309. We have studied the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in the airway mucosa of atopic asthmatics. Immunofluorescent analysis of endobronchial biopsies from six asthmatics, taken 24 hours after allergen challenge, demonstrates that virtually all T cells express IL-4 and CCR4. CCR8 is coexpressed with CCR4 on 28% of the T cells, while CCR3 is expressed on eosinophils but not on T cells. Expression of the CCR4-specific ligands MDC and TARC is strongly upregulated on airway epithelial cells upon allergen challenge, suggesting an involvement of this receptor/ligand axis in the regulation of lymphocyte recruitment into the asthmatic bronchi. In contrast to asthma, T cells infiltrating the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis produce IFN-gamma and express high levels of CXCR3, while lacking CCR4 and CCR8 expression. These data support the role of CCR4, of its ligands MDC and TARC, and of CCR8 in the pathogenesis of allergen-induced late asthmatic responses and suggest that these molecules could be considered as targets for therapeutic intervention.
Comparisons of six different intrafield control paradigms in an advanced mix-and-match environment (1997)

The introduction of DUV step-and-scan exposure tools into a mix-and-match manufacturing environment with traditional i- line step-and-repeat systems has presented many unique challenges to lithographic process engineers. One of these challenges has been the development and selection of reliable methods for controlling intrafield patten overlay registration. We examined a spectrum of overlay control methods and compared the benefits and costs of each. We analyzed six different intrafield overly control approaches including: (1) traditional static tuning to a fixed archive wafer; (2) dedicated stepper routing; (3) static LEMSYS matching; (4) static cluster sorting; (5) global feedforward control, and; (6) combined cluster sorting with feed-forward control. In traditional static tuning, each stepper is calibrated to an arbitrary fixed reference and wafers are allowed to flow freely within the entire stepper population. Dedicated stepper routing imposes a restriction that wafers must return to the same stepper during critical layer processing. With static LEMSYS matching each stepper is calibrated to an ideal reference that is generated to minimize higher order intrafield errors. Static cluster sorting uses LEMSYS data to divide steppers into clusters then critical layer exposures for a given wafer are kept within a local cluster. Feedforward control attempts to aggressively adapt magnification offsets based upon the known lens signatures of steppers used to print previous layers. Our comparisons were based upon data from 12 actual exposure systems. The result showed that significant gains in overlay control can be achieved with incremental costs in dollars and complexity. Cost-benefits analysis showed that the more aggressive control techniques, involving feed- forward control, were best suited to large fabs operating near the physical limits of their steppers.
Mass Production of PV Modules with 18% Total-Area Efficiency and High Energy Delivery Per Peak Watt (2006)

This paper describes photovoltaic modules in high- volume production with world-record efficiency. SunPower Corporation has achieved a total-area efficiency of 18% by using proprietary back-contact silicon cells and new module design features. The modules have been certified under IEC61215 edition 2 and UL1703, are free of hazardous materials, and have aesthetic characteristics which facilitate customer adoption. High energy production per rated watt is reported and modeled on the basis of fundamental module properties
Dual enigma of somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable genes: targeting and mechanism (1998)

The immunoglobulin loci are uniquely unstable regions of the genome which undergo as much mutation and selection in a matter of days as a species can undergo in generations of evolution. We have studied the mutational pattern and targeting of this unusual hypermutation process over the past 16 years. The pattern of somatic mutations in rearranged variable (V) genes differs from the pattern of meiotic mutations, indicating that a different mechanism generates hypermutation than generates spontaneous mutation. Hypermutations begin on the 5' end of rearranged V genes downstream of the transcription initiation site and continue through the V exon and into the 3'-flanking region before tapering off. Mutations are located randomly throughout the DNA sequence and exhibit strand bias. The targeting of mutations to the region in and around the rearranged V gene appears to require interactions between the promoter and downstream intronic DNA sequences. The same mechanism that initiates hypermutation around V genes may also produce double-strand breaks that catalyze homologous recombination between rearranged V genes on two chromosomal alleles. With this data we have built a model of hypermutation which predicts that V-region DNA is destabilized at the nuclear matrix during transcription and undergoes strand breaks.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics restore dystrophin function to skeletal muscles of mdx mice (1999)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, leading to the absence of the dystrophin protein in striated muscle. A significant number of these mutations are premature stop codons. On the basis of the observation that aminoglycoside treatment can suppress stop codons in cultured cells, we tested the effect of gentamicin on cultured muscle cells from the mdx mouse - an animal model for DMD that possesses a premature stop codon in the dystrophin gene. Exposure of mdx myotubes to gentamicin led to the expression and localization of dystrophin to the cell membrane. We then evaluated the effects of differing dosages of gentamicin on expression and functional protection of the muscles of mdx mice. We identified a treatment regimen that resulted in the presence of dystrophin in the cell membrane in all striated muscles examined and that provided functional protection against muscular injury. To our knowledge, our results are the first to demonstrate that aminoglycosides can suppress stop codons not only in vitro but also in vivo. Furthermore, these results raise the possibility of a novel treatment regimen for muscular dystrophy and other diseases caused by premature stop codon mutations. This treatment could prove effective in up to 15% of patients with DMD.
Chemistry of the Nitric Oxide-Releasing Diazeniumdiolate (“Nitrosohydroxylamine”) Functional Group and Its Oxygen-Substituted Derivatives (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of the Nitric Oxide-Releasing Diazeniumdiolate (“Nitrosohydroxylamine”) Functional Group and Its Oxygen-Substituted DerivativesJoseph A. Hrabie and Larry K. KeeferView Author Information Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, and Chemistry Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 4, 1135–1154Publication Date (Web):February 9, 2002Publication History Received20 July 2001Published online9 February 2002Published inissue 1 April 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr000028tCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views5988Altmetric-Citations385LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (274 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Anions,Functional groups,Oxygen,Reaction products,Salts Get e-Alerts
Page placement algorithms for large real-indexed caches (1992)

When a computer system supports both paged virtual memory and large real-indexed caches, cache performance depends in part on the main memory page placement. To date, most operating systems place pages by selecting an arbitrary page frame from a pool of page frames that have been made available by the page replacement algorithm. We give a simple model that shows that this naive (arbitrary) page placement leads to up to 30% unnecessary cache conflicts. We develop several page placement algorithms, called careful-mapping algorithms , that try to select a page frame (from the pool of available page frames) that is likely to reduce cache contention. Using trace-driven simulation, we find that careful mapping results in 10–20% fewer (dynamic) cache misses than naive mapping (for a direct-mapped real-indexed multimegabyte cache). Thus, our results suggest that careful mapping by the operating system can get about half the cache miss reduction that a cache size (or associativity) doubling can.
Comparison of different melting temperature calculation methods for short DNA sequences (2004)

A quantitative comparison on the similarities and differences among some of the published DNA/DNA Tm calculation methods is reported. The comparison was carried out for a large set of short oligonucleotide sequences ranging from 16 to 30 nt long, which span the whole range of CG-content. The results showed that significant differences were observed in all the methods, which in some cases depend on the oligonucleotide length and CG-content in a non-trivial manner. Based on these results, the regions of consensus and disagreement for the methods in the oligonucleotide feature space were reported. Owing to the lack of sufficient experimental data, a fair and complete assessment of accuracy for the different methods is not yet possible. Inspite of this limitation, a consensus Tm with minimal error probability was calculated by averaging the values obtained from two or more methods that exhibit similar behavior to each particular combination of oligonucleotide length and CG-content class. Using a total of 348 DNA sequences in the size range between 16mer and 30mer, for which the experimental Tm data are available, we demonstrated that the consensus Tm is a robust and accurate measure. It is expected that the results of this work would be constituted as a useful set of guidelines to be followed for the successful experimental implementation of various molecular biology techniques, such as quantitative PCR, multiplex PCR and the design of optimal DNA microarrays.