gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of the HumanCytomegalovirus 2.0-kb ImmediateEarly Gene 1 Transcripts in Permissiveand Nonpermissive lnfections by RNAin situ Hybridization (1997)

Thc immediate early genc 1 (IE1) is thc first gene tobe cxpressed following thc cntry ofthc human cytomcgalovirus (HCMV) into the cell and it docs not requirc prior protcin synthesis for its expression. Thereforc, the IE1 gcnc is a potential candidatc for the devclopment of probcs to detcct HCMV in various states of infection. Using strand-specific 32P- or digoxigenin- labeled riboprobes derivcd from an cxon-specific subgenomic fragment of thc HCMV Towne IE1 genc, wc perforrncd Northern blot analysis and RNA in situ hybridization on HCMV-infected human (permissive cells) and mouse (nonpcrrnissivc cclls) fibroblasts and on 10 formalin-fixed paraffin-cmbcddcd scctions ofhuman tissue. By Northem blot analysis and by in situ hybridization, expression of thc 2.0-kb IE1 gcne was found in permissive as wcll as in nonpermissive infcctions. Specific nuclear and cytoplasmic hybridization was found at 5, 10, 24, and 72 h alter infection in human fibroblasts. In comparison, hybridization was first dctectcd at 10 h aftcr infcction in mouse fibroblasts. Hybridization with thc JE 1 probe was detected in cclls with and without cytopathic changcs in the formalin-fixed paraffin- cmbcddcd HCMV-infected human tissues. Hybridization patterns of thc IE1 riboprobe were compared to thosc of the HCMV 2.7-kb major early β-riboprobc which we havc prcviously described [Am J Pathol 141: 1247-1254; 1992]. Although both riboprobcs hybridize to their rcspcctive targct scquenccs in the consecutivc tissue sections, the pattcrns of hybridization arc different. On occasion, sections ofHCMV-infected human tissue showing no specific hybridization for the 2.7-kb riboprobc will show spccific in situ hybridization when using thc IE! riboprobc. Our rcsults suggcst that RNA in situ hybridization with a probe dirccted at thc IE! transcripts is an effcctivc method ofdctecting early and late stages ofboth permissive and nonpermissivc HCMV infcctions.
Genomic Medicine in Cardiovascular Disease: Introduction (2014)

The Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal provides timely updates on important topics in cardiovascular medicine with quarterly, thematic review-article issues. Each issue is curated by subject-matter-expert guest editors and includes invited reviews along with case reports, interesting multimodality images, and humanities submissions. Additional case reports, images, CME quizzes, and editorials are published on a continuous basis online. MDCVJ is geared towards cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, general practitioners, and CV residents and fellows and is indexed in PubMed and MEDLINE.MDCVJ is published by Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart &amp; Vascular Center as part of DeBakey CV Education, an epicenter for cardiovascular academic and clinical education programs located in the heart of the Texas Medical Center. Along with the Journal, DeBakey CV Education offers online and hands-on training for cardiovascular healthcare professionals at all stages in their careers. DeBakey CV Education’s vast YouTube library features hundreds of training videos and live webcasts, including Journal features. Subscribe to the YouTube channel today and sign up for newsletter updates about training opportunities.
Particle-Mediated Delivery of Recombinant Expression Vectors To Rabbit Skin Induces High-Titered Polyclonal Antisera (and Circumvents Purification of a Protein Immunogen) (1996)

Polyclonal antibodies were generated in rabbits by delivery to skin of gold particles coated with mammalian expression vectors encoding a cytoplasmic (beta-galactosidase) or a nuclear (L1 capsid of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus) protein. One primary and one booster immunization of 30 micrograms DNA per rabbit yielded specific antisera with titers from 1:24 000 to 1:120 000 in each of eight rabbits, as detected by ELISA and Western blot analysis. Genetic immunization requires relatively small amounts of DNA, eliminates the need to purify the protein immunogen, and does not require irritating adjuvants.
Formation of Wheat‐Protein‐Based Biomaterials through Polymer Grafting and Crosslinking Reactions to Introduce New Functional Properties (2008)

An insoluble wheat proteins-based polymer networks with new functional groups and positive charges were prepared through grafting-coupling reactions. The networks were also flexible with a lower glass transition temperature since the existence of the grafted mobile segments. The multi-component/multi-phase systems became relatively homogeneous on a scale of 20-30 nm due to strong intermolecular interactions and chemical cross-linking in the materials. This demonstrates that the grafting-coupling reaction is an effective methodology to develop biomaterials with modified functional and mechanical properties from proteins.
Amplification of the c-myc gene in human medulloblastoma cell lines and xenografts. (1990)

Cultured cell lines and xenografts derived from 7 human medulloblastomas were evaluated for amplification of the c-myc, N-myc, epidermal growth factor receptor, and gli genes by Southern blot analysis. Karyotypes of the original biopsies and early passaged cells demonstrated double minute chromosomes in 4 of the 7 cases. All 7 samples (3 cell lines and 4 xenografts) from the 4 tumors with double minute chromosomes contained amplification of the c-myc gene. Cell lines and xenografts derived from the 3 biopsies without double minute chromosomes failed to demonstrate amplification of the 4 genes which were tested, but a rearrangement of the c-myc gene occurred in 1 of the 3 tumors. These observations demonstrate that the c-myc gene is often amplified and/or rearranged in human medulloblastomas and suggest that amplification of this gene provides a growth advantage for medulloblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo.
Cancer stem cells. (2005)

There is an increasing evidence supporting the cancer stem cell hypothesis. Normal stem cells in the adult organism are responsible for tissue renewal and repair of aged or damaged tissue. A substantial characteristic of stem cells is their ability for self-renewal without loss of proliferation capacity with each cell division. The stem cells are immortal, and rather resistant to action of drugs. They are able to differentiate and form specific types of tissue due to the influence of microenvironmental and some other factors. Stem cells divide asymmetrically producing two daughter cells -- one is a new stem cell and the second is progenitor cell, which has the ability for differentiation and proliferation, but not the capability for self-renewal. Cancer stem cells are in many aspects similar to the stem cells. It has been proven that tumor cells are heterogeneous comprising rare tumor initiating cells and abundant non-tumor initiating cells. Tumor initiating cells -- cancer stem cells have the ability of self-renewal and proliferation, are resistant to drugs, and express typical markers of stem cells. It is not clear whether cancer stem cells originate from normal stem cells in consequence of genetic and epigenetic changes and/or by redifferentiation from somatic tumor cells to the stem-like cells. Probably both mechanisms are involved in the origin of cancer stem cells. Dysregulation of stem cell self-renewal is a likely requirement for the development of cancer. Isolation and identification of cancer stem cells in human tumors and in tumor cell lines has been successful. To date, the existence of cancer stem cells has been proven in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, in breast cancer, in brain tumors, in lung cancer and gastrointestinal tumors. Cancer stem cell model is also consistent with some clinical observations. Although standard chemotherapy kills most cells in a tumor, cancer stem cells remain viable. Despite the small number of such cells, they might be the cause of tumor recurrence, sometimes many years after the "successful" treatment of primary tumor. Growth of metastases in distinct areas of body and their cellular heterogeneity might be consequence of cancer stem cell differentiation and/or dedifferentiation and asymmetric division of cancer stem cells. Further characterization of cancer stem cells is needed in order to find ways to destroy them, which might contribute significantly to the therapeutic management of malignant tumors.
Controlled expression of plastid transgenes in plants based on a nuclear DNA-encoded and plastid-targeted T7 RNA polymerase. (1994)

Phage T7 RNA polymerase has been used extensively in Escherichia coli for high-level expression of selected genes placed under the control of the phage T7 gene 10 promoter. We have constructed an analogous system for use in plastids of higher plants. A T7 RNA polymerase chimeric gene containing a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and a tobacco ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small-subunit chloroplast transit-peptide sequence was introduced into tobacco by nuclear transformation. Stable plastid transformation of tobacco expressing the T7 RNA polymerase activity with a T7 promoter/beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene construct resulted in expression of GUS mRNA and enzyme activity in all tissues examined. Expression of GUS activity was extremely high in mature leaves, moderate in young leaves and petals, and low in stems, roots, and developing seeds. Plastid transformation of wild-type tobacco with the same chimeric GUS gene resulted in undetectable levels of GUS mRNA and enzyme activity. Genetic crosses demonstrated that a silent T7/GUS reporter gene could be activated in the F1 generation by transmission of an active nuclear T7 RNA polymerase gene from the male parent.
Regulation of CXCR3 and CXCR4 expression during terminal differentiation of memory B cells into plasma cells (2005)

C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and CXCR4 expressed on immunoglobulin G (IgG)-plasma-cell precursors formed in memory immune responses are crucial modulators of the homing of these cells. Here, we studied the regulation of the expression of these chemokine receptors during the differentiation of human memory B cells into plasma cells. We show that CXCR3 is absent on CD27- naive B cells but is expressed on a fraction of memory B cells, preferentially on those coexpressing IgG1. On differentiation into plasma-cell precursors, CXCR3+ memory B cells maintain the expression of this chemokine receptor. CXCR3- memory B cells up-regulate CXCR3 and migrate toward concentration gradients of its ligands only when costimulated with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), but not interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In contrast, the differentiation of CXCR4- B cells into plasma cells is generally accompanied by the induction of CXCR4 expression. These results show that lack of CXCR4 expression on plasma-cell precursors is not a limiting factor for plasma-cell homing and that the expression of CXCR3 on memory B cells and plasma-cell precursors is induced by IFN-gamma, provided in human T helper type 1 (Th1)-biased immune responses. Once induced in memory B cells, CXCR3 expression remains part of the individual cellular memory.
Evolving concepts in biofilm infections (2009)

Several pathogens associated with chronic infections, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in chronic otitis media, Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in recurrent urinary tract infections, are linked to biofilm formation. Biofilms are usually defined as surface-associated microbial communities, surrounded by an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. Biofilm formation has been demonstrated for numerous pathogens and is clearly an important microbial survival strategy. However, outside of dental plaques, fewer reports have investigated biofilm development in clinical samples. Typically biofilms are found in chronic diseases that resist host immune responses and antibiotic treatment and these characteristics are often cited for the ability of bacteria to persist in vivo. This review examines some recent attempts to examine the biofilm phenotype in vivo and discusses the challenges and implications for defining a biofilm phenotype.
A Bit-Node Centric Architecture for Low-Density Parity-Check Decoders (2007)

A bit-node centric decoder architecture for low- density parity-check codes is proposed. This architecture performs the optimum sum-product algorithm. A bit node processing unit computes the bit-to-check node messages sequentially, while the computation of the check-to-bit node messages is broken up into several steps. A stand-alone decoder architecture, and a decoder architecture for a concatenated detector-decoder system are presented. The proposed stand-alone decoder architecture requires significantly less memory compared to other known serial architectures. The hardware requirements are reduced even further for the concatenated detector-decoder system.
Demixing light paths inside disordered metamaterials (2008)

We experimentally demonstrate the first method to focus light inside disordered photonic metamaterials. In such materials, scattering prevents light from forming a geometric focus. Instead of geometric optics, we used multi-path interference to make the scattering process itself concentrate light on a fluorescent nanoscale probe at the target position. Our method uses the fact that the disorder in a solid material is fixed in time. Therefore, even disordered light scattering is deterministic. Measurements of the probes fluorescence provided the information needed to construct a specific linear combination of hundreds of incident waves, which interfere constructively at the probe.
Relationship of visceral fat distribution to angiographically assessed coronary artery disease: results in subjects with or without diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. (2002)

In a mixed population of CAD patients with or without diabetes, CAD correlates with VAT only in the absence of diabetes or IGT, and especially when VAT exceeds 130 cm2 at an L4 CT scan, regardless of weight or obesity. Diabetes or IGT therefore seem to contribute towards the development of CAD regardless of the amount of VAT.
Mouse Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 2 (mENT2) Transports Nucleosides and Purine Nucleobases Differing from Human and Rat ENT2 (2007)

Several mammalian nucleoside transporters have been identified at the molecular level. Human and rat equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (hENT2 and rENT2, respectively) was previously reported to have the dual ability of transporting both nucleosides and nucleobases. In the present study, we characterized the transport of a variety of nucleosides and nucleobases via recombinant mouse ENT2 (mENT2). Cloned mENT2 mediated the uptake of nucleosides and purine nucleobases, but not pyrimidine nucleobases. The mENT2-mediated uptake of adenosine was significantly inhibited by nucleosides and nucleobases, irrespective of purine and pyrimidine. The K(m) values for the uptake of nucleosides and purine nucleobases mediated by mENT2 varied between 1.24 and 16.3 microM, and the transport clearances of adenosine and hypoxanthine via the transporter were greater than those of other substrates. Therefore, we concluded that mENT2 is nucleoside and purine nucleobase transporter, and pyrimidine nucleobases are blockers for the transporter, differing from hENT2 and rENT2 that were reported to also transport pyrimidine nucleobases.
Penetration of human intestinal epithelial cells by Salmonella: molecular cloning and expression of Salmonella typhi invasion determinants in Escherichia coli. (1989)

Salmonella typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, must invade the human gastrointestinal tract and multiply within the host to cause disease. We have cloned from S. typhi Ty2 a chromosomal region that confers upon Escherichia coli HB101 the ability to invade cultured human intestinal epithelial cells. Three invasion-positive recombinant cosmids were isolated and restriction endonuclease analyses of the inserts showed a 33-kilobase region of identity. Transmission electron microscopy of epithelial cells invaded by S. typhi Ty2 or E. coli HB101 carrying an invasion cosmid showed intracellular bacteria contained within endocytic vacuoles. One of the invasion cosmids was mutagenized with transposon Tn5 to identify the cloned sequences that are required for the invasive phenotype. Seven of 92 independent Tn5 insertions within the common 33-kilobase region eliminated invasive ability and revealed at least four separate loci that are required for invasion. Penetration of epithelial cells by Ty2 and HB101 carrying the cloned invasion determinants was inhibited by cytochalasin B and D, indicating that epithelial cell endocytosis of S. typhi is a microfilament-dependent event. The invasion cosmids were found to carry the recA and srlC genes indicating that the cloned invasion determinants are located at about 58 minutes on the S. typhi chromosome. With a segment of the cloned S. typhi invasion region used as a probe, homologous sequences were isolated from Salmonella typhimurium. Two independent S. typhimurium recombinant cosmids containing the entire 33-kilobase common region identified in S. typhi were isolated, but these cosmids did not confer upon HB101 the ability to invade epithelial cells.
Telecommunication in a disordered environment with iterative time reversal (2004)

Abstract We present a method to transmit digital information through a highly scattering medium in a MIMO-MU (multiple input multiple output multiple users) context. It is based on iterations of a time-reversal process, and permits us to focus short pulses, both spatially and temporally, from a base antenna to different users. This iterative technique is shown to be more efficient (lower inter-symbol interference and lower error rate) than classical time-reversal communication, while being computationally light and stable. Experiments are presented: digital information is conveyed from 15 transmitters to 15 receivers by ultrasonic waves propagating through a highly scattering slab. From a theoretical point of view, the iterative technique achieves the inverse filter of propagation in the subspace of non-null singular values of the time-reversal operator. We also investigate the influence of external additive noise, and show that the number of iterations can be optimized to give the lowest error rate. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen Binds and Activates Naive Human B Cells In Vivo: Studies with a Human PBL-NOD/SCID Mouse Model (2001)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) core (HBc) antigen (HBcAg) is a highly immunogenic subviral particle. Studies with mice have shown that HBcAg can bind and activate B cells in a T-cell-independent fashion. By using a human peripheral blood leukocyte (hu-PBL)-Nod/LtSz-Prkdc(scid)/Prkdc(scid) (NOD/SCID) mouse model, we show here that HBcAg also activates human B cells in vivo in a T-cell-independent way. HBcAg was capable of inducing the secretion of HBcAg-binding human immunoglobulin M (IgM) in naive human B cells derived from adult human and neonatal (cord blood) donors when these hu-PBL were transferred directly into the spleens of optimally conditioned NOD/SCID mice. No such responses were found in chimeric mice that were given hu-PBL plus HBV e antigen or hu-PBL plus phosphate-buffered saline. In addition, HBcAg activated purified human B cells to produce anti-HBc IgM in the chimeric mice, thus providing evidence that HBcAg behaves as a T-cell-independent antigen in humans. However, HBcAg-activated hu-PBL from naive donors were unable to switch from IgM to IgG production, even after a booster dose of HBcAg. Production of HBcAg-specific IgG could only be induced when hu-PBL from subjects who had recovered from or had an ongoing chronic HBV infection were transferred into NOD/SCID mice. Our data suggest that humans also have a population of naive B cells that can bind HBcAg and is subsequently activated to produce HBcAg-binding IgM.
Genetic and physical interactions between Srp1p and nuclear pore complex proteins Nup1p and Nup2p. (1994)

Nup1p is a yeast nuclear pore complex protein (nucleoporin) required for nuclear protein import, mRNA export and maintenance of normal nuclear architecture. We have used a genetic approach to identify other proteins that interact functionally with Nup1p. Here we describe the isolation of seventeen mutants that confer a requirement for Nup1p in a background in which this protein is normally not essential. Some of the mutants require wild-type Nup1p, while others are viable in combination with specific nup1 alleles. Several of the mutants show nonallelic noncomplementation, suggesting that the products may be part of a hetero-oligomeric complex. One is allelic to srp1 which, although it was identified in an unrelated screen, was shown to encode a protein that is localized to the nuclear envelope (Yano, R., M. Oakes, M. Yamaghishi, J. A. Dodd, and M. Nomura. 1992. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:5640-5651). We have used immunoprecipitation and fusion protein precipitation to show that Srp1p forms distinct complexes with both Nup1p and the related nucleoporin Nup2p, indicating that Srp1p is a component of the nuclear pore complex. The distant sequence similarity between Srp1p and the beta-catenin/desmoplakin family, coupled with the altered structure of the nuclear envelope in nup1 mutants, suggests that Srp1p may function in attachment of the nuclear pore complex to an underlying nuclear skeleton.
Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (Ferinject) from clinical trial reports and published trial data (2011)

This review examined the available trials of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose using details from published papers and unpublished clinical trial reports. It increases the evidence available to support recommendations given for intravenous iron treatment, but there are limited trial data comparing different intravenous iron preparations.
No one needs it, (until they need it) implementing a new desktop backup solution (2006)

Faced with upgrading a set of Veritas Netbackup servers that backed up 1000 Windows desktop computers and a Retrospect server that backed up 200 Macintosh desktop computers, Bucknell University embarked on a project to identify and implement a new desktop backup solution. Working together, Technology Support and Systems Integration selected, configured, and installed CommVault Galaxy as a backup solution for all desktop Macintosh and Windows computers.Added pressures during the process included the incompatibility of the old servers with newer operating systems and increasing failures in aging backup software. In an attempt to maintain the optimum levels of available data, we developed a strategy and schedule to transition 1200 computers to the new backup as soon as disk space became available.This paper will examine the criteria used to select a new desktop backup solution and the implementation strategies employed to insure comprehensive data protection during the transition. Content will include selection of an administrative mechanism for the new server and service, examination of data protection and retention policies, documentation, customization to address end-user concerns about reporting and notification, and techniques used to install and uninstall the software from client workstations.
Thrombophilia associated with anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody treatment and its prophylaxis in nonhuman primates1 (2004)

Ketorolac is remarkably effective in preventing thromboembolism associated with anti-CD154 mAb treatment, suggesting the mechanism underlying this complication may be related to platelet activation leading to enhanced aggregation.