gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A synergistic relationship between TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and TGF-beta 1 on IL-6 secretion by the IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cell line. (1995)

Intestinal epithelial cells are known to secrete a variety of cytokines and may play a role in the immune response at the intestinal mucosa. However, the regulatory mechanisms that govern the secretion of these cytokines are largely unknown. In this report, we have focused on the cytokine interactions that regulate interleukin (IL)-6 secretion by the non-transformed rat small intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was found to enhance both IL-6 mRNA expression and protein secretion by the IEC-6 cells. Furthermore, TNF-alpha acted in synergy with either transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) or IL-1 beta to greatly enhance IEC-6 cell IL-6 secretion. Although the IEC-6 cells are known to produce TGF-beta, autocrine-secreted TGF-beta was found to have no effect on the elevated IL-6 secretion induced by both TNF-alpha plus IL-1 beta. However, the addition of activated TGF-beta 1 to IEC-6 cultures stimulated with both TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta resulted in greatly elevated levels of IL-6 secretion. Therefore, activated TGF-beta 1 can augment IL-6 secretion stimulated by TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, either alone or in combination, suggesting that intestinal epithelial cell IL-6 secretion may be under the control of a cytokine network at the intestinal mucosa.
Synthesis of novel thiazole-containing DNA minor groove binding oligopeptides related to the antibiotic distamycin (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of novel thiazole-containing DNA minor groove binding oligopeptides related to the antibiotic distamycinK. Ekambareswara Rao, Yadagiri Bathini, and J. William LownCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 2, 728–737Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00289a057Request reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Discovery of Tertiary Amine and Indole Derivatives as Potent RORγt Inverse Agonists (2013)

A novel series of tertiary amines as retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma-t (RORγt) inverse agonists was discovered through agonist/inverse agonist conversion. The level of RORγt inhibition can be enhanced by modulating the conformational disruption of H12 in RORγt LBD. Linker exploration and rational design led to the discovery of more potent indole-based RORγt inverse agonists.
A scaled replacement metal gate InGaAs-on-Insulator n-FinFET on Si with record performance (2017)

We demonstrate a scaled replacement-metal-gate InGaAs-on-Insulator n-FinFET on Si with L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> = 13 nm and record I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> of 249 μA/μm at fixed I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> = 100 nA/μm and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> = 0.5 V. A subthreshold swing in saturation of 89 mV/dec and a R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> of 355 Ω-μm is also achieved. We further investigate the transport mechanisms at play in order to shed light on the contribution from short-channel effects and carrier generation and recombination mechanisms on SS and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> , at such a short gate length, using calibrated full 3D and simplified 2D TCAD simulations.
Fashioning the vertebrate heart: earliest embryonic decisions (1997)

Our goal here is to set out the types of unitary decisions made by heart progenitor cells, from their appearance in the heart field until they form the simple heart tube. This provides a context to evaluate cell fate, lineage and, finally, morphogenetic decisions that configure global heart form and function. Some paradigms for cellular differentiation and for pattern generation may be borrowed from invertebrates, but neither Drosophila nor Caenorhabditis elegans suffice to unravel higher order decisions. Genetic analyses in mouse and zebrafish may provide one entrance to these pathways.
Modulation of Direct Leptin Signaling by Soluble Leptin Receptor (2004)

Soluble leptin receptor (SLR) represents the major leptin binding activity in plasma. It is generated by alternative splicing of OB-R mRNA (OB-Re) and/or ectodomain shedding of membrane-spanning receptors. To determine the role of SLR in leptin activation of its long-form receptor, OB-Rb, we established in vitro assays using a cell line stably expressing OB-Rb. Human embryonic kidney 293 cell lines stably overexpressing OB-Rb show a dose-dependent leptin-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) tyrosine phosphorylation and STAT3-responsive luciferase (STAT3-luc) activity. We demonstrate that when SLR is incubated with free leptin, binding of leptin to OB-Rb is reduced, with corresponding decrease of leptin-induced STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and STAT3-luc activity. However, by preparing leptin/SLR mixtures containing the same amount of free leptin but increasing amounts of leptin-SLR complex, we show that leptin-SLR complex does not inhibit OB-Rb activation by free leptin. These results suggest that in settings in which leptin and SLR coexist, SLR may sequester leptin from productive interactions with OB-Rb. Because plasma SLR levels are independently regulated by many different physiological and pathophysiological conditions, SLR may modulate the actions of leptin in tissues in which direct action of leptin has been demonstrated.
Analysis and design of a soft-switching interleaved forward converter for generating pulsed electric fields (2003)

This paper presents analysis and design of a soft-switching interleaved forward converter for generating pulsed electric fields to process microbes, which includes food sterilization, waste treatment, pollution control, and medical diagnostics and treatment. Particularly, in the food sterilization, it only causes a little increase in temperature, providing safe, nutritious and fresh quality of food for consumers. To achieve sterilization, the pulse-width of the pulsed electric field varies from tens of ns to hundreds of /spl mu/ s, the period changes from 0.1 to 1 ms and the electric field intensity is from tens to hundreds of kV/cm. In this study, sterilizing waveforms are long pulses stacked with narrow pulses to prevent undesired gas discharge and reduce power consumption. A converter equipped with an interleaving scheme is proposed to generate the pulses. Thus, the converter can operate at high frequencies, its weight and size can be reduced significantly, and its efficiency can be correspondingly improved. Hardware measurements of /spl plusmn/10 kV pulses and 200 W peak power have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed converter.
Murine IgG1 complexes trigger immune effector functions predominantly via Fc gamma RIII (CD16). (1998)

Previously, we have demonstrated that phagocytosis of IgG1-coated particles by macrophages in vitro is impaired by deletion of Fc gamma RIII in mice, suggesting that IgG1 may interact preferentially with Fc gamma RIII. In the present study, the biologic relevance of this observation was addressed by triggering various effector functions of the immune system in Fc gamma RIII(-/-) mice, using panels of mAbs of different IgG subclasses. Both binding and phagocytosis of IgG1-coated sheep or human erythrocytes by Fc gamma RIII(-/-) macrophages in vitro were strongly impaired, indicating that the impaired ingestion of complexed IgG1 by Fc gamma RIII(-/-) macrophages is due to a defect in binding. An in vivo consequence of the defective phagocytosis was observed by resistance of Fc gamma RIII-deficient mice to experimental autoimmune hemolytic anemia, as shown by a lack of IgG1-mediated erythrophagocytosis in vivo by liver macrophages. Furthermore, trapping of soluble IgG1-containing immune complexes by follicular dendritic cells in mesenteric lymph nodes from Fc gamma RIII(-/-) mice was abolished. Whole blood from Fc gamma RIII(-/-) mice was unable to induce lysis of tumor cells in the presence of IgG1 antitumor Abs. Finally, IgG1 mAbs proved unable to mount a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in Fc gamma RIII(-/-) mice. Together, these results demonstrate that IgG1 complexes, either in particulate or in soluble form, trigger in vitro and in vivo immune effector functions in mice predominantly via Fc gamma RIII.
The influence of tracer localization on the electron dose rate delivered to the cell nucleus. (1994)

Such findings show that the localization of radiopharmaceuticals at the subcellular level plays a crucial role in determining the actual dose delivered to the cell nucleus in diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures.
Design of fast motion estimation algorithm based on hardware consideration (1997)

Most fast block-matching motion estimation (BMME) algorithms are designed to minimize the search positions (or checking points) in a given search range in order to speed up the computation. In this paper, we introduce a fast BMME algorithm based on the consideration of hardware implementation. We use a one-dimensional (1-D) systolic array as the basic computing engine. In order to utilize this engine efficiently, we process several adjacent checking points, called checking vector, simultaneously. We propose a checking-vector-based search strategy and show that it can achieve a better algorithmic performance and can be very cost-effective in terms of hardware implementation for low bit-rate video applications.
Introduction: The Challenge of Risk Communication in a Democratic Society (1999)

The symposium editors review key issues concerning the relationship between risk communication and public participation.
Dose−Response of Seeds of the Parasitic WeedsStrigaandOrobanchetoward the Synthetic Germination Stimulants GR 24 and Nijmegen 1 (1999)

Striga and Orobanche seeds germinate in response to a host-derived germination stimulant. Dose-response curves of the synthetic strigolactone analogues GR 24 and Nijmegen 1 were determined, and their activities were compared to that of the naturally occurring stimulant sorgolactone. Typical sigmoidal curves were obtained. ED(50) values for GR 24 were in the order of 10(-)(9)-10(-)(8) mol/L; for Nijmegen 1 these values were 3 orders of magnitude higher. Both synthetic stimulants are appreciably active at low concentrations and merit investigation as agents for the suicidal germination approach (i.e., treatment of the soil with stimulant in the absence of a host).
Offset masks for lift-off photoprocessing (1977)

We describe a technique using photolithography to produce submicron-scale thin-film structures and simple multilevel structures by single-mask lift-off processing. The technique employs masks offset from the substrate and oblique angle thin-film deposition. It provides a simple means of making small-area Josephson junctions and varying-thickness superconducting bridges and is suitable for the inclusion of these devices in circuits. The examples we show emphasize such applications in superconductivity; however, the technique may find uses in other fields as well.
Identification of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase as a Receptor for the Growth Factor Pleiotrophin (2001)

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a secreted growth factor that induces neurite outgrowth and is mitogenic for fibroblasts, epithelial, and endothelial cells. During tumor growth PTN can serve as an angiogenic factor and drive tumor invasion and metastasis. To identify a receptor for PTN, we panned a phage display human cDNA library against immobilized PTN protein as a bait. From this we isolated a phage insert that was homologous to an amino acid sequence stretch in the extracellular domain (ECD) of the orphan receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). In parallel with PTN, ALK is highly expressed during perinatal development of the nervous system and down-modulated in the adult. Here we show in cell-free assays as well as in radioligand receptor binding studies in intact cells that PTN binds to the ALK ECD with an apparent Kd of 32 +/- 9 pm. This receptor binding is inhibited by an excess of PTN, by the ALK ECD, and by anti-PTN and anti-ECD antibodies. PTN added to ALK-expressing cells induces phosphorylation of both ALK and of the downstream effector molecules IRS-1, Shc, phospholipase C-gamma, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Furthermore, the growth stimulatory effect of PTN on different cell lines in culture coincides with the endogenous expression of ALK mRNA, and the effect of PTN is enhanced by ALK overexpression. From this we conclude that ALK is a receptor that transduces PTN-mediated signals and propose that the PTN-ALK axis can play a significant role during development and during disease processes.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exoenzyme S Disrupts Ras-mediated Signal Transduction by Inhibiting Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor-catalyzed Nucleotide Exchange (1999)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S double ADP-ribosylates Ras at Arg(41) and Arg(128). Since Arg(41) is adjacent to the switch 1 region of Ras, ADP-ribosylation could interfere with Ras-mediated signal transduction via several mechanisms, including interaction with Raf, or guanine nucleotide exchange factor-stimulated or intrinsic nucleotide exchange. Initial experiments showed that ADP-ribosylated Ras (ADP-r-Ras) and unmodified Ras (Ras) interacted with Raf with equal efficiencies, indicating that ADP-ribosylation did not interfere with Ras-Raf interactions. While ADP-r-Ras and Ras possessed equivalent intrinsic nucleotide exchange rates, guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Cdc25) stimulated the nucleotide exchange of ADP-r-Ras at a 3-fold slower rate than Ras. ADP-r-Ras did not affect the nucleotide exchange of Ras, indicating that the ADP-ribosylation of Ras was not a dominant negative phenotype. Ras-R41K and ADP-r-Ras R41K possessed similar exchange rates as Ras, indicating that ADP-ribosylation at Arg(128) did not inhibit Cdc25-stimulated nucleotide exchange. Consistent with the slower nucleotide exchange rate of ADP-r-Ras as compared with Ras, ADP-r-Ras bound its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Cdc25) less efficiently than Ras in direct binding experiments. Together, these data indicate that ADP-ribosylation of Ras at Arg(41) disrupts Ras-Cdc25 interactions, which inhibits the rate-limiting step in Ras signal transduction, the activation of Ras by its guanine nucleotide exchange factor.
Sustained depolarization-induced outward current in human atrial myocytes. Evidence for a novel delayed rectifier K+ current similar to Kv1.5 cloned channel currents. (1993)

Depolarization of human atrial myocytes activates a transient outward current that rapidly inactivates, leaving a sustained outward current after continued depolarization. To evaluate the ionic mechanism underlying this sustained current (Isus), we applied whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques to single myocytes isolated from right atrial specimens obtained from patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. The magnitude of Isus was constant for up to 10 seconds at +30 mV and was unaffected by 40 mmol/L tetraethylammonium, 100 nmol/L dendrotoxin, 1 mmol/L Ba2+, 0.1 mumol/L atropine, or removal of Cl- in the superfusate. Isus could be distinguished from the 4-aminopyridine (4AP)-sensitive transient outward current (Ito1) by differences in voltage-dependent inactivation (1000-millisecond prepulse to -20 mV reduced Ito1 by 91.7 +/- 0.1% [mean +/- SEM], P < .001, versus 9.4 +/- 0.4% reduction of Isus) and 4AP sensitivity (IC50 for block of Ito1, 1.96 mmol/L; for Isus, 49 mumol/L). Isus activation had a voltage threshold near -30 mV, a half-activation voltage of -4.3 mV, and a slope factor of 8.0 mV. Isus was not inactivated by 1000-millisecond prepulses but was reduced by 16 +/- 8% (P < .05) at a holding potential of -20 mV relative to values at a holding potential of -80 mV. Isus activated very rapidly, with time constants (tau) at 25 degrees C ranging from 18.2 +/- 1.8 to 2.1 +/- 0.2 milliseconds at -10 to +50 mV, two orders of magnitude faster than previously described kinetics of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K+ current. At 16 degrees C, Isus activation was greatly slowed (tau at +10 mV, 46.7 +/- 4.1 milliseconds; tau at 25 degrees C, 7.1 +/- 0.8 milliseconds; P < .01), and the envelope of tails test was satisfied. The reversal potential of Isus tail currents changed linearly with log [K+]o (slope, 55.3 +/- 2.9 mV per decade), and the fully activated current-voltage relation showed substantial outward rectification. Selective inhibition of Isus with 50 mumol/L 4AP increased human atrial action potential duration by 66 +/- 11% (P < .01). In conclusion, Isus in human atrial myocytes is due to a very rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current, which shows limited slow inactivation, is insensitive to tetraethylammonium, Ba2+, and dendrotoxin, and is highly sensitive to 4AP. These properties resemble the characteristics of channels encoded by the Kv1.5 group of cardiac cDNAs and may represent a physiologically significant manifestation of such channels in human atrium.
Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Relation to the Rumen Fermentation Pattern (2006)

The objectives of this study were 1) to determine whether a relationship exists between molar proportions of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and milk odd-and branched-chain fatty acid concentrations (i.e., iso C13:0, anteiso C13:0, iso C14:0, C15:0, iso C15:0, anteiso C15:0, iso C16:0, C17:0, iso C17:0, anteiso C17:0, and cis-9 C17:1); and 2) to evaluate the accuracy of prediction of the latter equations using an independent data set. For development of the regression equations, individual cow data from 10 feeding experiments with rumen-fistulated dairy cows were used, resulting in a data set of 148 observations. Milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids were closely related to the molar proportions of acetate (SE = 15.3 mmol/mol), propionate (SE = 14.7 mmol/mol), and butyrate (SE = 9.2 mmol/mol). These regression equations were further validated using data from the literature (n = 14). Evaluation of these prediction equations using the independent data set resulted in a root mean square prediction error of 3.0, 9.0, and 8.9% of the observed mean for acetate, propionate, and butyrate, respectively. In addition, less then 5% of the mean square prediction error was due to line bias. This suggests that the currently developed prediction equations based on milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids show potential to predict molar proportions of individual volatile fatty acids in the rumen.
New antibiotic agents and approaches to treat biofilm-associated infections (2010)

Treatment of biofilm-associated infections with existing approved therapies remains a significant medical challenge. In the near term, new agents demonstrating bactericidal activity against bacteria within biofilms will be most readily incorporated into existing treatment paradigms. Alternative approaches that impact biofilm formation or dispersion are promising, but remain to be validated clinically.
Neurophysiological effects of stimulation through electrodes in the human subthalamic nucleus (1999)

The effects of stimulation through macroelectrodes implanted in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) were studied in 14 patients with parkinsonism. Single stimuli delivered directly to the STN electrodes with an external stimulator modulated voluntary electromyography (EMG) of contralateral muscles in most patients. A short-latency facilitation ('peak') was attributed to the activation of the corticospinal system. A longer latency inhibition ('dip'), often preceded or followed by facilitations, appeared to arise from the activation of large-diameter fibres running parallel to the electrode and to be transmitted through the motor cortex. It is possible that the dip could result from the inhibition of thalamocortical neurons. With high-frequency stimulation ( approximately 100 Hz) the peaks occurred at the stimulus frequency; the dips became confluent and outlasted the duration of the stimulus train. There was no evidence that high-frequency stimulation produced 'blocking'. The studies were repeated in 12 patients a mean of 5.8 months after implantation of the stimulator. The same short-latency effects were obtained. They were present on 7 out of 23 sides at the settings in use and on the majority of sides if the stimulus intensity was slightly increased. There was no clear relationship between these short-latency effects and the patients' overall clinical improvement; the effects may result from the spread of current to large-fibre systems near the STN. In five patients, high-frequency stimulation on one side immediately reduced tremor in the contralateral limbs. This effect arose from the activation of large-diameter fibres and, like the dip, had about the same threshold at each of the contacts. Frequencies as low as 70 Hz were sufficient. We conclude that the control of tremor by STN stimulation is due to the activation of a large-fibre system.
Design Philosophy and Hardware Implementation for Digital Subscriber Loops (1982)

This paper presents various requirements and configurations in the information network system (INS) NTT's version of the integrated services digital network (ISDN)- such as field trials, and technologies and equipment design of the digital subscriber loop using balanced wire pairs. The main aspects characterizing digital subscriber loops, are a customer access structure, a digital transmission system on existing subscriber loops, and customer interface. A configuration of two-wire digital subscriber loops with two customer access channels, which is adopted in the field trials, will be described. The time-shared two-wire digital transmission and power feeding methods on subscriber loops are discussed. The common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) is discussed in detail, since CMRR is one of the main factors which affects the transmission ability of balanced wire pairs. A proposed self-clocked four-wire customer interface utilizes time division multiplexing technique. The digital subscriber loop operates on a call-by-call basis for link establishment to avoid excessive power dissipations as well as to avoid impairments caused by crosstalk from other lines within a cable. Its design objectives and implementation are also discussed.