gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arabidopsis Ethylene-Responsive Element Binding Factors Act as Transcriptional Activators or Repressors of GCC Box–Mediated Gene Expression (2000)

Ethylene-responsive element binding factors (ERFs) are members of a novel family of transcription factors that are specific to plants. A highly conserved DNA binding domain known as the ERF domain is the unique feature of this protein family. To characterize in detail this family of transcription factors, we isolated Arabidopsis cDNAs encoding five different ERF proteins (AtERF1 to AtERF5) and analyzed their structure, DNA binding preference, transactivation ability, and mRNA expression profiles. The isolated AtERFs were placed into three classes based on amino acid identity within the ERF domain, although all five displayed GCC box-specific binding activity. AtERF1, AtERF2, and AtERF5 functioned as activators of GCC box-dependent transcription in Arabidopsis leaves. By contrast, AtERF3 and AtERF4 acted as repressors that downregulated not only basal transcription levels of a reporter gene but also the transactivation activity of other transcription factors. The AtERF genes were differentially regulated by ethylene and by abiotic stress conditions, such as wounding, cold, high salinity, or drought, via ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2)-dependent or -independent pathways. Cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, also induced marked accumulation of AtERF mRNAs. Thus, we conclude that AtERFs are factors that respond to extracellular signals to modulate GCC box-mediated gene expression positively or negatively.
Reversal of gene dysregulation in cultured cytotrophoblasts reveals possible causes of preeclampsia (2013)

During human pregnancy, a subset of placental cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) differentiates into cells that aggressively invade the uterus and its vasculature, anchoring the progeny and rerouting maternal blood to the placenta. In preeclampsia (PE), CTB invasion is limited, reducing placental perfusion and/or creating intermittent flow. This syndrome, affecting 4%-8% of pregnancies, entails maternal vascular alterations (e.g., high blood pressure, proteinuria, and edema) and, in some patients, fetal growth restriction. The only cure is removal of the faulty placenta, i.e., delivery. Previously, we showed that defective CTB differentiation contributes to the placental component of PE, but the causes were unknown. Here, we cultured CTBs isolated from PE and control placentas for 48 hours, enabling differentiation and invasion. In various severe forms of PE, transcriptomics revealed common aberrations in CTB gene expression immediately after isolation, including upregulation of SEMA3B, which resolved in culture. The addition of SEMA3B to normal CTBs inhibited invasion and recreated aspects of the PE phenotype. Additionally, SEMA3B downregulated VEGF signaling through the PI3K/AKT and GSK3 pathways, effects that were observed in PE CTBs. We propose that, in severe PE, the in vivo environment dysregulates CTB gene expression; the autocrine actions of the upregulated molecules (including SEMA3B) impair CTB differentiation, invasion and signaling; and patient-specific factors determine the signs.
Computing Dynamic Changes to BSP Trees (1992)

Abstract This paper investigates a new method for dynamically changing Binary Space Partition (BSP) trees. A BSP tree representation of a 3D polygonal scene provides an ideal data structure for rapidly performing the hidden surface computations involved in changing the viewpoint. However, BSP trees have generally been thought to be unsuitable for applications where the geometry of objects in the scene changes dynamically. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a dynamic BSP tree algorithm which does allow for such changes, and which maintains the simplicity and integrity of the BSP tree representation. The algorithm is extended to include dynamic changes to shadows. We calibrate the algorithms by transforming a range of objects in a scene, and reporting on the observed timing results.
The WNT signalling pathway and diabetes mellitus (2008)

The WNT signalling pathway is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological activities. WNT ligands bind to Frizzled receptors and co-receptors (LDL receptor-related protein 5/6), triggering a cascade of signalling events. The major effector of the canonical WNT signalling pathway is the bipartite transcription factor beta-catenin/T cell transcription factor (beta-cat/TCF), formed by free beta-cat and one of the four TCFs. The WNT pathway is involved in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis, and mutations in LRP5 may lead to the development of diabetes and obesity. beta-Cat/TCF is also involved in the production of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 in the intestinal endocrine L cells. More recently, genome-wide association studies have identified TCF7L2 as a diabetes susceptibility gene, and individuals carrying certain TCF7L2 single nucleotide polymorphisms could be more susceptible to the development of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, beta-cat is able to interact with forkhead box transcription factor subgroup O (FOXO) proteins. Since FOXO and TCF proteins compete for a limited pool of beta-cat, enhanced FOXO activity during ageing and oxidative stress may attenuate WNT-mediated activities. These observations shed new light on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes as an age-dependent disease.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS AND THEIR MODELS FROM GLYCEROL ALKYLENEPHOSPHITES. V. CYCLIC PHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL AND PHOSPHATIDYLOXYHOMOCHOLINE (1981)

Abstract Durch Umsetzungen des cyclischen Amidophosphits (II) mit 1,2‐Di‐O‐stearoylglycerin (III) bzw. mit dem 1,2‐O‐Isopropylidenglycerin (IX) und nachfolgende Oxidationen mit Iodosobenzol bzw. Sulfurierung lassen sich die Phospholipide (Va) und (X) sowie das Thiophospholipid (Vb), alle mit cyclisch gebundenem zweiten Glycerin‐Fragment, darstellen.
Advances in Sclerotherapy Treatment of Varicose and Telangiectatic Leg Veins (1992)

Sclerotherapy as a treatment for varicose veins originated in the 1800s. Unfortunately, experience with this treatment modality has been fraught with complications and failures. Recent interest by the general public in this form of treatment has uncovered a lack of formal training and protocols within the medical establishment. Nevertheless, recent experience with sclerotherapy has been found to be more positive than previously realized. Three “advances” in sclerotherapy treatment for varicose and telangiectatic leg veins have occurred within the last 20 years. We term these “advances” not because they are new, but because they are newly popular—proper diagnosis prior to treatment; optimal choice of sclerosing solutions and concentrations; and ideal compression techniques to limit sclerophlebitis, recanalization and complications. These advances will be detailed in the following paper.
Generation and characterization of B72.3 second generation monoclonal antibodies reactive with the tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 antigen. (1988)

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 was generated using a membrane-enriched fraction of a human mammary carcinoma biopsy. It has demonstrated reactivity to the majority of human adenocarcinomas including colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, ovarian, endometrial, mammary, and non-small cell lung cancer and no or weak reactivity to normal adult tissues, with the exception of secretory endometrium. The B72.3-reactive antigen, termed tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG)-72, has been purified and used as an immunogen to generate B72.3 second generation MAbs. Since the source of purified TAG-72 was a human colon cancer (CC) xenograft, these MAbs have been given a CC designation. Twenty-eight CC MAbs, all immunoglobulin Gs, have been generated and shown to be reactive with TAG-72 and via both radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical analyses show differential reactivity to carcinoma versus normal adult tissue biopsies. Nine CC MAbs (CC11, 15, 29, 30, 40, 46, 49, 83, and 92) were selected for further characterization. As a result of analyses using direct-binding radioimmunoassay to a range of human carcinomas, Western blotting, live cell surface binding assays, five liquid competition radioimmunoassays, and Ka measurements, all nine CC MAbs could be distinguished from each other and from B72.3. The Ka of B72.3 was determined to be 2.54 X 10(9) M-1; all the CC MAbs demonstrated higher KaS with MAbs CC92, 49, and 83 having KaS of 14.26, 16.18, and 27.72 X 10(9) M-1, respectively. These studies thus demonstrate that one or more of the anti-TAG-72 CC MAbs may be more efficient than B72.3, or useful in combination with B72.3, toward the further study of human carcinoma cell population and the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures presently utilizing MAb B72.3.
A Src/Abl Kinase Inhibitor, SKI-606, Blocks Breast Cancer Invasion, Growth, and Metastasis In vitro and In vivo (2007)

The central role of Src in the development of several malignancies, including breast cancer, and the accumulating evidence of its interaction with receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, and steroid receptors have identified it as an attractive therapeutic target. In the current study, we have evaluated the effect of a Src/Abl kinase inhibitor, SKI-606, on breast cancer growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Treatment of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 with SKI-606 caused a marked inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt phosphorylation. For in vivo studies, MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with the plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP; MDA-MB-231-GFP) were inoculated into the mammary fat pads of female BALB/c nu/nu mice. Once tumor volume reached 30 to 50 mm(3), animals were randomized and treated with vehicle alone or 150 mg/kg SKI-606 by daily oral gavage. Experimental animals receiving SKI-606 developed tumors of significantly smaller volume (45-54%) compared with control animals receiving vehicle alone. Analysis of lungs, liver, and spleen of these animals showed a significant decrease in GFP-positive tumor metastasis in animals receiving SKI-606 at a dose that was well tolerated. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of primary tumors showed that these effects were due to the ability of SKI-606 to block tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, growth factor expression, and inhibition of Src-mediated signaling pathways in vivo. Together, the results from these studies provide compelling evidence for the role of Src inhibitors as therapeutic agents for blocking breast cancer growth and metastasis.
Modulation of expression of Programmed Death-1 by administration of probiotic Dahi in DMH-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. (2013)

PD-1 expressed independent of carcinogen administration in normal colonic mucosa and may play a role in modulation of immune response in DMH-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. The present study suggests that probiotic Dahi can be used as an effective chemopreventive agent in the management of colorectal cancer.
V-band monolithically integrated four-arm spiral antenna and beamforming network (2012)

A V-band four-arm spiral antenna with monolithically integrated feed bundle and modified Butler matrix beamforming network designed and fabricated utilizing surface micro-machining is discussed. Basic layout and fabrication are shown for both the feed network and the spiral itself. Measurements are compared with simulations for both the impedance and co-polarized far-field radiation patterns. A VSWR <; 2:1 for modes 1 and 3 (-1), realized gain between 0 and 5dBic, and axial ratio <; 2dB are demonstrated across the 50 to 75GHz range.
A switched radial divider for an L-band mobile satellite antenna (1995)

A multiway switched radial power divider for use in a mobile satellite antenna-array operating in the microwave L-band is described. The divider is designed using low-cost substrate and inexpensive switching diodes. It features good return loss and small insertion losses over a 7% bandwidth.
Cells with Characteristics of Cancer Stem/Progenitor Cells Express the CD133 Antigen in Human Endometrial Tumors (2009)

CD133 is expressed by human endometrial cancers and might represent a valuable tool to identify cells with cancer stem cell characteristics.
Mesoporous Separation Membranes of Polymer‐Coated Copper Hydroxide Nanostrands (2007)

Abstract Extremely long and thin nanocomposite fibers are prepared by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole (or aniline) around the surfaces of copper hydroxide nanostrands. The individual nanostrands of 2.5 nm are uniformly coated with a polypyrrole layer of 3 to 4 nm, resulting in hybrid core/shell fibers of about 10 nm in diameter and a few micrometers in length, as confirmed by high‐resolution electron microscopy. The as‐prepared nanocomposite fibers are dispersive in water and can be converted into thin free‐standing films by simply filtering a small volume of the aqueous solution using a polycarbonate membrane filter. The films covering the submicrometer pores of the membrane filter have a thickness of a few tens of nanometers, and provide a mechanically stable nanofiber network with abundant pores of a few nanometers. The network is stable in acidic and basic media, and can be used for protein separation under pressures of at least 90 kPa. The permeation rates of cytochrome c , myoglobin, and ferritin were examined by changing the pH around their isoelectric points. It is seen that the nanofibrous free‐standing films on the polycarbonate membrane filter show clear size selectivity for the proteins, retaining extremely high filtration rates for water. We demonstrate herein durable mesoporous separation membranes made of organic–inorganic nanocomposite fibers and their outstanding performance.
Human recombinant macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha and -beta and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor utilize common and unique receptors on human monocytes (1993)

The human macrophage inflammatory proteins-1 alpha and -beta (MIP-1 alpha and -beta), which are also known as LD78 and ACT2, respectively, are distinct but highly related members of the chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) family. rMIP-1 alpha and -beta labeled with 125I specifically bind to human peripheral blood monocytes, the monocytic cell line THP-1, peripheral blood T cells, and the YT cell line. Steady state binding experiments revealed approximately 3000 high affinity binding sites/cell for MIP-1 alpha on human monocytes and on THP-1 cells, with Kd values of 383 pM and 450 pM, respectively. Human MIP-1 alpha and -beta had nearly identical affinities for the binding sites and each competed equally well for binding. Human monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), a member of the same chemokine family, consistently displaced about 25% of human MIP-1 alpha and -beta binding on monocytes but not on YT cells, which did not bind MCAF. On the other hand, human rMIP-1 alpha and -beta partially inhibited binding of radiolabeled MCAF to monocytes. Both MIP-1 alpha and -beta were chemotactic for human monocytes. Preincubation of monocytes with human rMIP-1 alpha or -beta markedly reduced cell migration towards the other cytokine, whereas preincubation with human rMCAF only partially desensitized the monocyte chemotaxis response to human rMIP-1 alpha or -beta. These data suggest the existence of three subtypes of receptors, i.e., one unique receptor shared by MIP-1 alpha and -beta, a second unique receptor for MCAF, and a third species that recognizes both MCAF and MIP-1 peptides.
An optoelectronic platform for retinal prosthesis (2006)

This paper describes the implementation of a prototype platform designed for the experimentation in the development of a non-invasive retinal prosthesis. The platform presented here is highly programmable and reconfigurable as required for experimentation. It provides retinomorphic encoding and optoelectronic stimulation. The purpose of the project is to develop, in the near future, an optoelectronic retinal prosthetic device.
Gene targeting in livestock. (2003)

The development of nuclear transfer from tissue culture cells in livestock made it possible in principle to produce animals with subtle, directed genetic changes by in vitro modification of nuclear donor cells. In the short period since nuclear transfer was first performed, gene targeting in livestock has become a reality. Although gene targeting has immediate potential in biotechnology, it is unclear whether there are practical agricultural applications, at present. The first livestock targeting experiments have been directed at engineering animals either to render their organs immunologically compatible for human transplantation, or for improving the commercial production of recombinant proteins in the transgenic mammary gland. All successful examples of targeting have involved target loci that are expressed in the nuclear donor cell line. Two important barriers to the further development of this technology are adapting protocols for non-expressed genes and modifying procedures to enhance the lifespan of targeted cells in vitro. This review provides data that illustrate the difficulty in targeting non-expressed genes and discusses some of the practical issues associated with providing targeted nuclear donor cells that are competent for nuclear transfer.
Comprehensive Management of Head and Neck Tumors. Vol.1 (1987)

This book consists of 14 parts, each containing several papers. The parts are: General Considerations in the Management of Patients with Head and Neck Tumors, Tumors of the Ear, Tumors of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses, Tumors of the Oral Cavity, Tumors of the Pharynx, Tumors of the Larynx, Tumors of the Skin, Dental and Jaw Tumors, Tumors of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands, Tumors of the Trachea, Tumors of the Eye, Orbit, and Lacrimal Apparatus, and Special Topics.
Asymmetric alkylation of .alpha.-alkyl .beta.-keto esters (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric alkylation of .alpha.-alkyl .beta.-keto estersKiyoshi Tomioka, Kaori Ando, Yutaka Takemasa, and Kenji KogaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 9, 2718–2719Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00321a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00321a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1371Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Erythropoietin Receptor-mediated Inhibition of Exocytotic Glutamate Release Confers Neuroprotection during Chemical Ischemia (2001)

Erythropoietin (EPO) reduced Ca(2+)-induced glutamate (Glu) release from cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Inhibition was also produced by EPO mimetic peptide 1 (EMP1), a small synthetic peptide agonist of EPO receptor (EPO-R), but not by iEMP1, an inactive analogue of EMP1. EPO and EMP1 induced autophosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), a tyrosine kinase that associates with EPO-R. Furthermore, genistein, but not genistin, antagonized both the phosphorylation of JAK2 and the suppression of Glu release induced by EPO and EMP1. During chemical ischemia, substantial amounts of Glu were released from cultured cerebellar and hippocampal neurons by at least two distinct mechanisms. In the early phase, Glu release occurred by exocytosis of synaptic vesicle contents, because it was abolished by botulinum type B neurotoxin (BoNT/B). In contrast, the later phase of Glu release mainly involved a BoNT/B-insensitive non-exocytotic pathway. EMP1 inhibited Glu release only during the early exocytotic phase. A 20-min exposure of hippocampal slices to chemical ischemia induced neuronal cell death, especially in the CA1 region and the dentate gyrus, which was suppressed by EMP1 but not iEMP1. However, EMP1 did not attenuate neuronal cell death induced by exogenously applied Glu. These results suggest that activation of EPO-R suppresses ischemic cell death by inhibiting the exocytosis of Glu.
Nanomaterials under high-pressure (2006)

The use of high-pressure for the study and elaboration of homogeneous nanostructures is critically reviewed. Size effects, the interaction between nanostructures and guest species or the interaction of the nanosystem with the pressure transmitting medium are emphasized. Phase diagrams and the possibilities opened by the combination of pressure and temperature for the elaboration of new nanomaterials is underlined through the examination of three different systems: nanocrystals, nano-cage materials which include fullerites and group-14 clathrates, and single wall nanotubes. This tutorial review is addressed to scientist seeking an introduction or a panoramic view of the study of nanomaterials under high-pressure.
Forest-based statistical sentence generation (2000)

This paper presents a new approach to statistical sentence generation in which alternative phrases are represented as packed sets of trees, or forests, and then ranked statistically to choose the best one. This representation offers advantages in compactness and in the ability to represent syntactic information. It also facilitates more efficient statistical ranking than a previous approach to statistical generation. An efficient ranking algorithm is described, together with experimental results showing significant improvements over simple enumeration or a lattice-based approach. 1 Introduction Large textual corpora offer the possibility of a statistical approach to the task of sentence generation. Like any large-scale NLP or AI task, the task of sentence generation requires immense amounts of knowledge. The knowledge needed includes lexicons, grammars, ontologies, collocation lists, and morphological tables. Acquiring and applying accurate, detailed knowledge of this breadth poses d...