gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and growth-promoting function of the IL-8 receptor β in human melanoma cells (1996)

The chemokine GRO alpha is an autocrine growth factor for melanoma cells. Although GRO alpha has been identified as a high affinity ligand for the IL-8 receptor beta (IL-8R beta) in recombinant systems, the receptor mediating its action in melanoma cells has been a matter of debate. Here, we show by reverse transcription and PCR expression of IL-8R beta, mRNA transcripts in different melanoma cell lines and in normal human melanocytes. To characterize the role of the IL-8R beta in melanoma cells, antiserum was raised in rabbits against a fusion protein containing the NH2-terminal portion of the receptor. Its specificity was shown by flow cytometry with IL-8R beta-transfected HL60 cells. A specific epitope could be mapped with IL-8R beta mutants to the peptide sequence between ASP-4 and ASP-14 of this receptor. Binding studies with [125I]GRO alpha in IL-8R beta transfectants indicated ligand antagonistic properties of this Ab. Expression of IL-8R beta protein at the cell surface of various melanoma cell lines could be shown by flow cytometry with F(ab')2 fragments of the IL-8R beta antiserum. Moreover, anti-IL-8R beta Ab partially blocked specific binding of [125I]GRO alpha in various melanoma cell lines. Addition of F(ab')2 fragments of the IL-8R beta antiserum or of neutralizing anti-GRO alpha mAb to different melanoma cell lines identified this GRO alpha-IL-8R beta interaction as a major component required for serum-independent melanoma cell growth.
Expression of haptoglobin-related protein and its potential role as a tumor antigen. (1989)

These studies describe the detection of a haptoglobin species, its characterization as the HPR gene product, and its association with both pregnancy and neoplasia. Previous work showed that the early recurrence of human breast cancer correlated with immunohistochemical staining with a commercial antiserum ostensibly directed against pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A). Use of this antiserum to guide purification of the putative antigen led to the present identification and purification of a strongly immunoreactive protein species distinct from PAPP-A that was present in the plasma of pregnant women at term. Unlike PAPP-A, a homotetramer of 200-kDa polypeptides, the immunoreactive protein consists of a light (alpha) chain (16.5 kDa) and a heavy (beta) chain (40 kDa); protein microsequencing of the beta chain showed it to be a member of the haptoglobin family. The alpha chain of this haptoglobin species differs from ordinary haptoglobin 1 and 2 alpha chains both structurally and immunologically and represents the product of the HPR gene, haptoglobin-related protein (Hpr), since (i) the apparent molecular mass is the same as that predicted for Hpr alpha chain, (ii) the peptide map differs from that of haptoglobin 1 in a manner predicted by the HPR nucleotide sequence, (iii) monospecific antibodies that react with epitopes shared by the unique alpha chain and a synthetic peptide derived from the HPR nucleotide sequence do not detect these epitopes in either haptoglobin 1 or 2, and (iv) sequences of alpha-chain peptides were consistent with this identification, excluding haptoglobin 1 but not haptoglobin 2. The immunohistochemical reactivity of antibodies raised to the synthetic Hpr peptide is similar to that of anti-PAPP-A. Moreover, staining of neoplastic breast tissue is abolished by preincubation with purified Hpr.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States (2007)

The prevalence of CKD in the United States in 1999-2004 is higher than it was in 1988-1994. This increase is partly explained by the increasing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and raises concerns about future increased incidence of kidney failure and other complications of CKD.
Direct visualization of the perforant pathway in the human brain with ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (2010)

Ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging yields high resolution images that reveal detailed cerebral anatomy and explicit cytoarchitecture in the cerebral cortex, subcortical structures, and white matter in the human brain. Our data illustrate neuroanatomical correlates of limbic circuitry with high resolution images at high field. In this report, we have studied ex vivo medial temporal lobe samples in high resolution structural MRI and high resolution diffusion MRI. Structural and diffusion MRIs were registered to each other and to histological sections stained for myelin for validation of the perforant pathway. We demonstrate probability maps and fiber tracking from diffusion tensor data that allows the direct visualization of the perforant pathway. Although it is not possible to validate the DTI data with invasive measures, results described here provide an additional line of evidence of the perforant pathway trajectory in the human brain and that the perforant pathway may cross the hippocampal sulcus.
Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. (1997)

Patients with acute spinal cord injury who receive methylprednisolone within 3 hours of injury should be maintained on the treatment regimen for 24 hours. When methylprednisolone is initiated 3 to 8 hours after injury, patients should be maintained on steroid therapy for 48 hours.
Optical and thermal parameter effects on laser-generated ultrasound (1990)

The use of a pulsed laser source for the generation of elastic waves in materials is investigated, taking into account optical penetration into the material. Under appropriate conditions, a significant feature of the laser-generated elastic waveform is a precursor (sharp spike) signaling the arrival of the longitudinal wave. The shape of this precursor signal is strongly dependent on the optical and thermal properties of the material. This paper shows that the observed precursor can be understood through the use of models that account for optical penetration and thermal diffusion into the material.
Metabonomics Identifies Serum Metabolite Markers of Colorectal Cancer (2013)

Recent studies suggest that biofluid-based metabonomics may identify metabolite markers promising for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. We report here a follow-up replication study, after a previous CRC metabonomics study, aiming to identify a distinct serum metabolic signature of CRC with diagnostic potential. Serum metabolites from newly diagnosed CRC patients (N = 101) and healthy subjects (N = 102) were profiled using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOFMS). Differential metabolites were identified with statistical tests of orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (VIP > 1) and the Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.05). With a total of 249 annotated serum metabolites, we were able to differentiate CRC patients from the healthy controls using an orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) in a learning sample set of 62 CRC patients and 62 matched healthy controls. This established model was able to correctly assign the rest of the samples to the CRC or control groups in a validation set of 39 CRC patients and 40 healthy controls. Consistent with our findings from the previous study, we observed a distinct metabolic signature in CRC patients including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, urea cycle, glutamine, fatty acids, and gut flora metabolism. Our results demonstrated that a panel of serum metabolite markers is of great potential as a noninvasive diagnostic method for the detection of CRC.
Low-Energy Laser Irradiation Reduces Formation of Scar Tissue After Myocardial Infarction in Rats and Dogs (2001)

Our observations indicate that epicardial LELI of rat and dog hearts after chronic MI caused a marked reduction in infarct size, probably due to a cardioprotective effect of the LELI.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaws and Bisphosphonate Therapy (2007)

Bisphosphonates are a class of agents used to treat osteoporosis and malignant bone metastases. The efficacy of these agents in treating and preventing the significant skeletal complications associated with these conditions has had a major positive impact for patients and is responsible for their widespread use in medicine. Despite these benefits, osteonecrosis of the jaws has recently emerged as a significant complication in a subset of patients receiving these drugs. Based on a growing number of case reports and institutional reviews, bisphosphonate therapy may cause exposed and necrotic bone that is isolated to the jaw. This complication usually presents following simple dento-alveolar surgery, and can cause a significant adverse effect on the quality of life for most patients. The pathogenesis for this complication appears to be related to the profound inhibition of osteoclast function and bone remodeling.
Particle-size analysis (1966)

N. G. Stanley-Wood, G. L. Fairs and M. J. Thornton, Proc. Soc. Anal. Chem., 1966, 3, 97 DOI: 10.1039/SA9660300097
Spatial and temporal expression of a maize lipid transfer protein gene. (1991)

We studied the temporal and spatial pattern of lipid transfer protein (LTP) gene expression, as well as the localization of this protein, in maize. Using an LTP gene, we observed an accumulation of LTP mRNA in embryos and endosperms during seed maturation. LTP gene expression was also investigated in young seedlings. After germination, the level of LTP mRNA in the coleoptile increased, with a maximum at 7 days, whereas LTP mRNA levels were low in the scutellum and negligible in roots. The high levels of LTP mRNA found in coleoptiles and embryos were confirmed by in situ hybridization. Moreover, LTP gene expression appeared to be localized in the external cellular layers and around the leaf veins. Using immunogold methods, we also observed that LTP was distributed heterogeneously in the different cells of coleoptiles and leaves. The highest concentrations of LTP were found in the outer epidermis of the coleoptiles as well as the leaf veins. Together, our observations indicate that LTP gene expression is not only organ specific and time specific but also cell specific.
Attenuation of Experimental Autoimmune Myositis by Blocking ICOS-ICOS Ligand Interaction (2007)

Polymyositis (PM) is an acquired, systemic, connective tissue disease characterized by the proximal muscle weakness and infiltration of mononuclear cells into the affected muscles. To understand its etiology and immunopathogenesis, appropriate animal model is required. It has been demonstrated that immunization with native human skeletal C protein induces severe and reproducible experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) in Lewis rats, and that the muscle inflammatory lesions in the EAM mimic those of human PM. In the present study, we prepared recombinant skeletal C protein fragment and succeeded in inducing as severe EAM as that by native C protein. We found ICOS expression on muscle fiber-infiltrating T cells in the EAM rats, but not in normal rats. Treatment with anti-ICOS mAb reduced incidence and severity of myositis; decreased the number of muscle-infiltrating CD11b/c+, TCR+, and CD8a+ cells; and inhibited the expression of IL-1alpha and CCL2 in the hamstring muscles of the EAM rats. However, the treatment neither inhibited serum anti-C protein IgG level, C protein-induced proliferation of lymph node (LN) cells, or LN T cells, nor production of IFN-gamma by C protein-stimulated LN cells in EAM rats. These data indicate that analysis of C protein-induced EAM provides not only insights into pathogenesis of PM, but also useful information regarding development of effective immunotherapy against the disease. ICOS-ICOS ligand interaction would be a novel therapeutic target for PM.
Tumour‐related enzyme alterations in the clear cell type of human renal cell carcinoma identified by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2001)

To identify tumour-related enzyme alterations we have used 2D-gels to analyse the proteome from dissected malignant and benign kidney areas from patients with clear-cell-type renal carcinoma. The expression of 12 proteins was diminished in tumour. Four proteins were characterized by mass spectrometry and were identified as enoyl-CoA hydratase, alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 and aminoacylase-I.
Direct Organocatalytic Enantioselective Mannich Reactions of Ketimines: An Approach to Optically Active Quaternary α‐Amino Acid Derivatives (2004)

You're in control of which diastereomer of a quaternary α-amino acid derivative is formed in a direct organocatalytic diastereoselective and enantioselective Mannich reaction of ketimines with aldehydes (see scheme). The reactions are high yielding and can be controlled through the choice of the catalyst to give either diastereomer of the product with diastereomeric ratios as high as >20:1 and with 83–98 % ee. Pg=protecting group. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z460158_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Variations in the Proportion of Glycolytic/Non‐glycolytic Energy Substrates Modulate Sperm Membrane Integrity and Function in Diluted Boar Samples Stored at 15–17°C (2005)

In this work the role of energy substrates in the maintenance of boar-sperm survival during storage at 15-17 degrees C was tested. For this purpose, boar spermatozoa were stored at 15-17 degrees C in several defined media with separate combinations of a monosaccharide, glucose and a non-monosaccharide, either citrate or lactate, energy substrates. Our results indicate that the medium containing the highest concentration of glucose together with low lactate levels was the most suitable to maintain sperm quality for 168 h at 15-17 degrees C. This was confirmed after observation of the results of the percentages of viability and altered acrosomes, the osmotic resistance test, the hyperosmotic resistance test and the rhythm of L-lactate production. The survival ability of boar sperm was greater in this experimental medium than in the standard Beltsville Thawing Solution extender, which contains only glucose as an energy substrate, although at a concentration far higher than that of all the tested experimental media. Our results indicate that the exact composition, more than the pure quantity of energy substrates, is a very important modulatory factor which affects survival ability of boar sperm in refrigeration. Thus, the exact combination of several energy substrates would have to be taken into account when optimizing the design of commercial extenders to store boar spermatozoa at 15-17 degrees C.
The role of lymphotoxin in the IL-2-driven differentiation of human lymphokine-activated T-killer (T-LAK) cells in vitro. (1993)

Brief stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with PHA and subsequent coculture with IL-2 results by 5 days in cultures of human lymphokine-activated killer (T-LAK) cells. While IL-2 drives the proliferation of these cells in vitro, their maturation into functional effector cells capable of cytokine secretion and cell cytokines depends on the presence of other cytokines. The role of LT in the differentiation and proliferation of human T-LAK cells in vitro was investigated. Higher levels of LT than TNF were secreted by T-LAK cells during the first 5 days of the primary culture, then secretion levels dropped sharply. Human T-LAK cells cultivated with anti-LT rabbit antisera showed a slight reduction in growth compared to normal rabbit serum controls. In contrast, phenotypic analysis by FACS showed a decrease in CD4+ and an increase in CD8+ populations of T-LAK cells in the treated cultures. Addition of LT from the beginning of the T-LAK cell culture resulted in an increase in CD4+ and a decrease in CD8+ cell populations at day 7. In addition, the cytolytic activity of non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity and NK-like activity of anti-LT cultured T-LAK cells was also effected. These data indicated that LT may have a role in differentiation of IL-2 stimulated human T-LAK cells in vitro.
Mechanism of light-dependent proton translocation by bacteriorhodopsin (1993)

Site-specific mutagenesis has identified amino acids involved in bR proton transport. Biophysical studies of the mutants have elucidated the roles of two membrane-embedded residues: Asp-85 serves as the acceptor for the proton from the isomerized retinylidene Schiff base, and Asp-96 participates in reprotonation of this group. The functions of Arg-82, Leu-93, Asp-212, Tyr-185, and other residues that affect bR properties when substituted are not as well understood. Structural characterization of the mutant proteins will clarify the effects of substitutions at these positions. Current efforts in the field remain directed at understanding how retinal isomerization is coupled to proton transport. In particular, there has been more emphasis on determining the structures of bR and its photointermediates. Since well-ordered crystals of bR have not been obtained, continued electron diffraction studies of purple membrane offer the best opportunity for structure refinement. Other informative techniques include solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance of isotopically labeled bR (56) and electron paramagnetic resonance of bR tagged with nitroxide spin labels (2, 3, 13, 15). Site-directed mutagenesis will be essential in these studies to introduce specific sites for derivatization with structural probes and to slow the decay of intermediates. Thus, combining molecular biology and biophysics will continue to provide solutions to fundamental problems in bR.
Fluorescence-enhanced europium complexes for the assessment of renal function (2008)

Real-time, non-invasive assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is essential not only for monitoring critically ill patients at the bedside, but also for staging and monitoring patients with chronic kidney disease. In our pursuit to develop exogenous luminescent probes for dynamic optical monitoring of GFR, we have prepared and evaluated Eu<sup>3+</sup> complexes of several diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA)-monoamide ligands bearing molecular "antennae" to enhance metal fluorescence via the intramolecular ligand-metal fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. The results show that Eu-DTPA-monoamide complex 13a, which contains a quinoxanlinyl antenna, exhibits large (c.a. 2700-fold) Eu<sup>3+</sup> fluorescence enhancement over Eu-DTPA (4c). Indeed, complex 13a exhibits the highest fluorescent enhancement observed thus far in the DTPA-type metal complexes. The renal clearance profile of the corresponding radioactive <sup>111</sup>In complex 13c is similar to that of <sup>111</sup>In-DTPA, albeit 13c clears slower than <sup>111</sup>In-DTPA. The biodistribution data indicates that 13c, and, by inference, 13a clear via a complex mechanism that includes glomerular filtration.
Phase I trial of the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 for progressive androgen-independent prostate cancer. (2001)

Clinical and laboratory observations support the view that angiogenesis is necessary for prostate cancer progression. The angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 has demonstrated in vivo antitumor activity in a series of clinical models. To evaluate a possible therapeutic clinical value, we conducted a Phase I dose escalation trial of alternate-day i.v. TNP-470 in 33 patients with metastatic and androgen-independent prostate cancer. The patients were evaluated during therapy for evidence of neurological toxic effects. An assay of endothelial and vascular proliferation "markers" and a sequential assay of serum prostate-specific antigen concentration were performed. The effects of TNP-470 could be evaluated in 32 of the 33 patients. The maximum tolerated dose was 70.88 mg/m(2) of body surface area. The dose-limiting toxic effect was a characteristic neuropsychiatric symptom complex (anesthesia, gait disturbance, and agitation) that resolved upon cessation of therapy. The times to clinical recovery of neurological side effects were 6, 8, and 14 weeks. No definite antitumor activity of TNP-470 was observed; however, transient stimulation of the serum prostate-specific antigen concentration occurred in some of the patients treated. Additional studies of TNP-470 should be conducted using an alternate-day i.v. injection of 47.25 mg/m(2) body surface area and should focus on understanding and overcoming the neurological toxic effects. In addition, valid intermediate end points that reflect the status of tumor-associated neovascularity are needed to facilitate effective development of treatment strategies.
794. Potential thiophen chemotherapeutics. Part V. Preparation and proof of structure of some substituted 5-aminothiophen-2-sulphonamides (1956)

J. Cymerman-Craig, G. N. Vaughan and W. K. Warburton, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 4114 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560004114
Purification and characterization of a DNA helicase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1993)

A novel DNA helicase, scHelI, has been purified from whole cell extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using biochemical assays to monitor the fractionation. The enzyme unwinds partial duplex DNA substrates, as long as 343 base pairs in length, in a reaction that is dependent on either ATP or dATP hydrolysis. scHelI also catalyzes a single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis reaction; the apparent Km for ATP is 325 microM. The unwinding reaction on circular partial duplex substrates is biphasic, with a fast component occurring within 5 min of the initiation of the reaction and a slow component continuing to 60 min. This is in contrast to the ATP hydrolysis reaction, which exhibits linear kinetics for 60 min. The direction of the unwinding reaction is 5' to 3' with respect to the strand of DNA on which the enzyme is bound. The unwinding reaction is strongly stimulated by the addition of Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein when long partial duplex substrates are used. The enzymatic activity of scHelI copurifies with a polypeptide of 135 kDa as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The polypeptide sediments as a monomer in a glycerol gradient in the presence of 0.2 M NaCl.
Draft Genome Sequence of Calothrix Strain 336/3, a Novel H 2 -Producing Cyanobacterium Isolated from a Finnish Lake (2015)

We announce the draft genome sequence of Calothrix strain 336/3, an N2-fixing heterocystous filamentous cyanobacterium isolated from a natural habitat. Calothrix 336/3 produces higher levels of hydrogen than Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 and Anabaena strain PCC 7120 and, therefore, is of interest for potential technological applications.