gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond laser-assisted selective reduction of neovascularization in rat cornea (2014)

Nonlinear multiphoton absorption induced by focusing near infrared (NIR) femtosecond (fs) laser pulses into a transparent cornea allows surgery on neovascular structures with minimal collateral damage. In this report, we introduce an fs laser-based microsurgery for selective treatment of rat corneal neovascularizations (in vivo). Contiguous tissue effects are achieved by scanning a focused laser pulse below the corneal surface with a fluence range of 2.2-8.6 J/cm(2). The minimal visible laser lesion (MVL) threshold determined over the corneal neovascular structures was found to be 4.3 J/cm(2). Histological and optical coherence tomography examinations of the anterior segment after laser irradiations show localized degeneration of neovascular structures without any unexpected change in adjacent tissues. Furthermore, an approximately 30 % reduction in corneal neovascularizations was observed after 5 days of fs laser exposure. The femtosecond laser is thus a promising tool for minimally invasive intrastromal surgery with the aid of a significantly smaller and more deterministic photodisruptive energy threshold for the interaction between the fs laser pulse and corneal neovascular structures.
Concentration Control System for Cyanide-Free Electroless Gold Plating Solution. (1992)

control system has been developed for a cyanide -free electroless gold plating solution. The solution consists mainly of NaAuCl4, Na2 S2 O3, Na2 SO3, and
Heterozygous Mutations in Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-B ( NPR2 ) Are Associated with Short Stature (2006)

We have shown that heterozygous mutations in NPR2 are associated with short stature. Assuming one in 700 people unknowingly carry an NPR2 mutation, our data suggest that approximately one in 30 individuals with idiopathic short stature are carriers of NPR2 mutations.
A randomised, placebo-controlled 52-week trial of continued quetiapine treatment in recently depressed patients with bipolar I and bipolar II disorder (2012)

The efficacy of quetiapine monotherapy in bipolar depression is maintained during continued treatment for 26-52 weeks. Quetiapine was generally well tolerated.
Detecting Cytokine Release from Single T-cells (2009)

The cytokine production by leukocytes correlates with body's ability to mount an immune response and therefore has high diagnostic value. In the present study we employed microfabricated surfaces to capture T-cells from minimally processed human blood, arrange these cells into a single cell array, and then detect interferon (IFN)-gamma released from individual cells. The fabrication of cell capture surfaces started with coating a silane-modified glass slide with a uniform layer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel. The hydrogel-coated slide was lyophilized and then incubated with a mixture of monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma and anti-CD4 antibodies (Abs). To define sites for single cell attachment, PEG hydrogel microwells (20 microm diameter) were photolithographically patterned on top of the Ab-containing hydrogel layer. This micropatterning process resulted in fabrication of PEG hydrogel microwells with Ab-decorated bottom and nonfouling walls. To minimize the blood volume requirement and to precisely define shear stress conditions, the engineered surface was enclosed inside a PDMS-based microfluidic device. Introduction of red blood cell (RBC) depleted whole human blood followed by controlled washing led to the isolation of individual CD4 T-cells within PEG microwells. Mitogenic activation and immunofluorescent staining performed inside the microfluidic chamber revealed IFN-gamma cytokine signal colocalized with specific T-cells. The device and process presented here will be expanded in the future to enable multiparametric functional analysis of immune cells organized into high density single cell arrays.
Functional and Phenotypic Analysis of Thymic CD34+CD1a− Progenitor-Derived Dendritic Cells: Predominance of CD1a+ Differentiation Pathway (1999)

Whether thymic dendritic cells (DC) are phenotypically and functionally distinct from the monocyte lineage DC is an important question. Human thymic progenitors differentiate into T, NK, and DC. The latter induce clonal deletion of autoreactive thymocytes and therefore might be different from their monocyte-derived counterparts. The cytokines needed for the differentiation of DC from thymic progenitors were also questioned, particularly the need for GM-CSF. We show that various cytokine combinations with or without GM-CSF generated DC from CD34+CD1a- but not from CD34+CD1a+ thymocytes. CD34+ thymic cells generated far fewer DC than their counterparts from the cord blood. The requirement for IL-7 was strict whereas GM-CSF was dispensable but nonetheless improved the yield of DC. CD14+ monocytic intermediates were not detected in these cultures unless macrophage-CSF (M-CSF) was added. Cultures in M-CSF generated CD14-CD1a+ DC precursors but also CD14+CD1a- cells. When sorted and recultured in GM-CSF, CD14+ cells down-regulated CD14 and up-regulated CD1a. TNF-alpha accelerated the differentiation of progenitors into DC and augmented MHC class II transport to the membrane, resulting in improved capacity to induce MLR. The trafficking of MHC class II molecules was studied by metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation. MHC class II molecules were transported to the membrane in association with invariant chain isoforms in CD14+ (monocyte)-derived and in CD1a+ thymic-derived DC but not in monocytes. Thus, thymic progenitors can differentiate into DC along a preferential CD1a+ pathway but have conserved a CD14+ maturation capacity under M-CSF. Finally, CD1a+-derived thymic DC and monocyte-derived DC share very close Ag-processing machinery.
Multigigabit capacity 1.5-µm WDM field trial (1991)

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) have the potential for use as repeaters in terrestrial long-haul lightwave networks. The main advantages for using amplifiers instead of regenerators are that (1) fiber amplifiers are laser modulation format and bit-rate transparent and provide the opportunity for capacity upgrade through higher bit-rate or wavelength-division multiplexing techniques and (2) optical amplifiers have fewer active components and are therefore potentially more reliable and less costly than regenerators.
Energy Storage Systems in Electronics (2000)

This volume illustrates the technological advances made in recent years in the development of battery and other energy storage systems. Discussions of present and near future battery technologies are included as well as emerging energy technologies that have the potential to impact on the portable electronics industry in the long term. This text pr
Hormonal Regulation of Natriuretic Peptide System during Induced Ovarian Follicular Development in the Rat1 (1999)

All components of the natriuretic peptide (NP) system have been found in the ovary. The purpose of this study was to determine the hormonal regulation of the NP system during follicular growth and ovulation induced by gonadotropins eCG and hCG. Ovarian membrane binding, before and after treatment, revealed the presence of guanylyl cyclase-type receptors exclusively. Equine CG treatment increased Bmax from 225 +/- 50 fmol/mg protein in control animals to 354 +/- 51 fmol/mg protein, and additional hCG treatment increased it further to 492 +/- 130 fmol/mg protein (p < 0.05), without changing receptor affinity. The increased binding was consistent with increased ability of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to activate guanylyl cyclase in the ovarian cells obtained from hormone-treated animals. In confirmation, autoradiography of 125I-tyroCNP and 125I-ANP binding to the rat ovary showed that both guanylyl cyclase GC-A and GC-B receptor subtypes are localized to the granulosa cells of antral follicles. Quantitative analysis of GC-A and GC-B receptors by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression level of both receptors started to increase at 2 h and reached maximal levels at 6 h following eCG treatment. Increased levels of GC-B mRNA were also observed 12 h after eCG injection. At 24 and 48 h the receptor levels were below basal. Stimulation of NP receptors by eCG was paralleled by activation of both ovarian ANP and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) gene expression. ANP mRNA increased as early as 1 h after eCG injection and remained elevated up to 6 h. CNP mRNA increased at 2 h after eCG injection, peaked (5-fold) at 6 h, and remained elevated 48 h later, a stage at which follicular maturation continues. Incubation of ovaries with ANP significantly decreased eCG-induced estradiol level, indicating the functionality of the ovarian NP system. These results implicate the NP system in the induction and maintenance of fluid balance in the rapidly developing ovarian follicle.
Immunology of inflammatory bowel diseases. (2000)

The pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases involves complex interactions among genetic, environmental and immunologic factors, where the immune system plays a crucial role. The initiating factor may be a commonly present environmental antigen, but the defective mucosal immune response can't downregulate the inflammatory process, the resulting in chronic inflammation and tissue damage. The abnormal amplification of the immune system seems more likely to be a secondary and not a primary factor in the disease. IBD patients exhibit abnormalities in epithelial antigen presentation, and in the cellular and humoral immune system. The role of autoimmunity is unclear in IBD. The inflammatory mediator production and balance is also altered in IBD. Crohn's disease is characterised by a Th1 cytokine profile, while ulcerative colitis is characterised rather by a Th2 cytokine profile. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD led to major changes in the treatment of the disease. The newer agents target the key mediators involved in the inflammatory process.
Compressive sensing-based channel estimation for massive multiuser MIMO systems (2013)

We propose a new approach based on compressive sensing (CS) for the channel matrix estimation problem for “massive” (or large-scale) multiuser (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The system model includes a base station (BS) equipped with a very large number of antennas communicating simultaneously with a large number of autonomous single-antenna user terminals (UTs), over a realistic physical channel with finite scattering model. Based on the idea that the degree of freedom of the channel matrix is smaller than its large number of free parameters, a low-rank matrix approximation based on CS is proposed and solved via a quadratic semidefine programming (SDP). Our analysis and experimental results suggest that the proposed method outperforms the existing ones in terms of estimation error performance or training transmit power, without requiring any knowledge about the statistical distribution or physical parameters of the propagation channel.
Metabolism of cinnamic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids by Streptomyces setonii (1983)

Streptomyces setonii strain 75Vi2 was grown at 45 degrees C in liquid media containing yeast extract and trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, or vanillin. Gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and mass spectrometry showed that cinnamic acid was catabolized via benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and catechol; p-coumaric acid was catabolized via p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and protocatechuic acid; ferulic acid was catabolized via vanillin, vanillic acid, and protocatechuic acid. When vanillin was used as the initial growth substrate, it was catabolized via vanillic acid, guaiacol, and catechol. The inducible ring-cleavage dioxygenases catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase were detected with an oxygen electrode in cell-free extracts of cultures grown in media with aromatic growth substrates and yeast extract.
Bone Grafts and Bone Graft Substitutes in Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery (2007)

Matthews, Felix MD; Trentz, Otmar MD; Jacob, Augustinus Ludwig MD; Kikinis, Ron MD; Jupiter, Jesse B. MD; Messmer, Peter MD Author Information
Semi-Micro, Dye-Binding Assay for Rabbit Interferon (1971)

The semi-micro method for interferon assay was based on quantitation of inhibition of cytopathic effects in 6-mm wells. Cultures were exposed to interferon dilutions, challenged with vesicular stomatitis virus, and stained with methylrosanaline chloride. The bound dye was then eluted and measured colorimetrically. The method was more sensitive than the plaque-inhibition method and was extremely economical. Culture age was the most important factor affecting reproductibility.
A First Course in Optimization Theory (1996)

This book, first published in 1996, introduces students to optimization theory and its use in economics and allied disciplines. The first of its three parts examines the existence of solutions to optimization problems in Rn, and how these solutions may be identified. The second part explores how solutions to optimization problems change with changes in the underlying parameters, and the last part provides an extensive description of the fundamental principles of finite- and infinite-horizon dynamic programming. Each chapter contains a number of detailed examples explaining both the theory and its applications for first-year master's and graduate students. 'Cookbook' procedures are accompanied by a discussion of when such methods are guaranteed to be successful, and, equally importantly, when they could fail. Each result in the main body of the text is also accompanied by a complete proof. A preliminary chapter and three appendices are designed to keep the book mathematically self-contained.
Gene Transfer into Nonhuman Primate Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Implications for Gene Therapy (2001)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are desirable targets for gene therapy because of their self-renewal and multilineage differentiation abilities. Retroviral vectors are extensively used for HSC gene therapy. However, the initial human trials of HSC gene marking and therapy showed that the gene transfer efficiency into human HSCs with retroviral vectors was very low in contrast to the much higher efficiency observed in murine experiments. The more quiescent nature of human HSCs and the lower density of retroviral receptors on them hindered the efficient gene transfer with retroviral vectors. Since nonhuman primates have marked similarity to humans in all aspects including the HSC biology, their models are considered to be important to evaluate and improve gene transfer into human HSCs. Using these models, clinically relevant levels (around 10% or even more) of gene-modified cells in peripheral blood have recently been achieved after gene transfer into HSCs and their autologous transplantation. This has been made possible by improving ex vivo transduction conditions such as introduction of Flt-3 ligand and specific fibronectin fragment (CH-296) into ex vivo culture during transduction, and the use of retroviral vectors pseudotyped with the gibbon ape leukemia virus or feline endogenous retrovirus envelope. Other strategies including the use of lentiviral vectors and in vivo selective expansion of gene-modified cells with the drug resistance gene or selective amplifier gene (also designated the molecular growth switch) are now being tested to further increase the fraction of gene-modified cells using nonhuman primate models. In addition to the high gene transfer efficiency, high-level and long-term expression of transgenes in human HSCs and their progeny is also required for effective HSC gene therapy. For this purpose, other backbones of retroviral vectors such as the murine stem cell virus and cis-DNA elements, such as the ss-globin locus control region and the chromatin insulator, also need to be tested in nonhuman primate models. Nonhuman primate studies will continue to provide an important framework for human HSC gene therapy. Well-designed nonhuman primate studies will also offer unique insights into the HSCs, immune system, and transplantation biology characteristic of large animals.
Taking Garbage In, Tossing Cancer Out? (2002)

Cancer drugs, with few exceptions, go after predictable targets: DNA replication (cisplatin), microtubules (Taxol), growth signaling pathways (Gleevec), and angiogenesis (for example, endostatin). Now a new class of compounds that work in a novel way--blocking the cell9s garbage disposal, or proteasome--is showing promise in clinical trials, although their mechanism of action is complex and still poorly understood.
Efficient Recognition of an Unpaired Lesion by a DNA Repair Glycosylase (2009)

The duplex structure of DNA, with its internal base pairing, protects the nucleobases from chemical damage, but it also poses a barrier to DNA-modifying enzymes, including the enzymes that recognize and repair DNA damage. It is known that unpaired (or bulged) nucleotides are significantly more accessible, but it is not known whether they might be recognized by nucleotide-flipping enzymes. We have investigated this question with human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG). AAG recognizes a wide variety of structurally disparate lesions, including deoxyinosine (I), which results from the spontaneous oxidative deamination of adenosine, and catalyzes the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond to release the lesion base and initiate the base excision repair pathway. We used single-turnover kinetics to characterize the reactions of AAG with synthetic 25-mer oligonucleotides containing a single I lesion in single-stranded, mismatched, or single-nucleotide bulge contexts. We found that AAG has the highest catalytic efficiency toward a lesion that is presented in a single-nucleotide bulge. In contrast, AAG has more than 2000-fold reduced catalytic efficiency toward a single-stranded I-containing oligonucleotide relative to the duplexes. We have observed 20-fold differences in catalytic efficiency for the excision of the presumed biological target (paired with T) relative to alternative pairings such as C that might be formed by the replication of an unrepaired I. Furthermore, a linear free-energy relationship shows a strong inverse correlation between duplex stability and catalytic efficiency (slope = -0.6 to -1.0), indicating that gaining access to the base lesion provides a substantial barrier to AAG-catalyzed initiation of DNA repair. The observation that AAG recognizes a single-nucleotide bulge as efficiently as a mismatch implies that the recognition of DNA damage is remarkably plastic.
Monitoring Expression Profiles of Rice Genes under Cold, Drought, and High-Salinity Stresses and Abscisic Acid Application Using cDNA Microarray and RNA Gel-Blot Analyses (2003)

To identify cold-, drought-, high-salinity-, and/or abscisic acid (ABA)-inducible genes in rice (Oryza sativa), we prepared a rice cDNA microarray including about 1700 independent cDNAs derived from cDNA libraries prepared from drought-, cold-, and high-salinity-treated rice plants. We confirmed stress-inducible expression of the candidate genes selected by microarray analysis using RNA gel-blot analysis and finally identified a total of 73 genes as stress inducible including 58 novel unreported genes in rice. Among them, 36, 62, 57, and 43 genes were induced by cold, drought, high salinity, and ABA, respectively. We observed a strong association in the expression of stress-responsive genes and found 15 genes that responded to all four treatments. Venn diagram analysis revealed greater cross talk between signaling pathways for drought, ABA, and high-salinity stresses than between signaling pathways for cold and ABA stresses or cold and high-salinity stresses in rice. The rice genome database search enabled us not only to identify possible known cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of several stress-inducible genes but also to expect the existence of novel cis-acting elements involved in stress-responsive gene expression in rice stress-inducible promoters. Comparative analysis of Arabidopsis and rice showed that among the 73 stress-inducible rice genes, 51 already have been reported in Arabidopsis with similar function or gene name. Transcriptome analysis revealed novel stress-inducible genes, suggesting some differences between Arabidopsis and rice in their response to stress.
Portable flanking sequences modulate CTL epitope processing (2007)

Peptide presentation is critical for immune recognition of pathogen-infected cells by CD8+ T lymphocytes. Although a limited number of immunodominant peptide epitopes are consistently observed in diseases such as HIV-1 infection, the relationship between immunodominance and antigen processing in humans is largely unknown. Here, we have demonstrated that endogenous processing and presentation of a human immunodominant HIV-1 epitope is more efficient than that of a subdominant epitope. Furthermore, we have shown that the regions flanking the immunodominant epitope constitute a portable motif that increases the production and antigenicity of otherwise subdominant epitopes. We used a novel in vitro degradation assay involving cytosolic extracts as well as endogenous intracellular processing assays to examine 2 well-characterized HIV-1 Gag overlapping epitopes presented by the same HLA class I allele, one of which is consistently immunodominant and the other subdominant in infected persons. The kinetics and products of degradation of HIV-1 Gag favored the production of peptides encompassing the immunodominant epitope and destruction of the subdominant one. Notably, cytosolic digestion experiments revealed flanking residues proximal to the immunodominant epitope that increased the production and antigenicity of otherwise subdominant epitopes. Furthermore, specific point mutations in these portable flanking sequences modulated the production and antigenicity of epitopes. Such portable epitope processing determinants provide what we believe is a novel approach to optimizing CTL responses elicited by vaccine vectors.
An Artificial Photosynthetic Antenna-Reaction Center Complex (1999)

A model photosynthetic antenna consisting of four covalently linked zinc tetraarylporphyrins, (PZP)3−PZC, has been joined to a free base porphyrin-fullerene artificial photosynthetic reaction center, P−C60, to form a (PZP)3−PZC−PC60 hexad. As revealed by time-resolved absorption and emission studies, excitation of any peripheral zinc porphyrin moiety (PZP) in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran solution is followed by singlet−singlet energy transfer to the central zinc porphyrin to give (PZP)3−1PZC−P−C60 with a time constant of ∼50 ps. The excitation is passed on to the free base porphyrin in 240 ps to produce (PZP)3−PZC−1P−C60, which decays by electron transfer to the fullerene with a time constant of 3 ps. The (PZP)3−PZC−P•+−C60•- charge-separated state thus formed has a lifetime of 1330 ps, and is generated with a quantum yield of 0.70 based on light absorbed by the zinc porphyrin antenna. The complex thus mimics the basic functions of natural photosynthetic antenna systems and reaction center complexes.