gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of extracellular matrix protein 1 in human skin (2004)

Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) was first identified in 1994 as an 85-kDa glycoprotein secreted by a mouse osteogenic stromal cell line. Subsequently, the human homologue has been found to regulate endochondral bone formation, and to stimulate proliferation of endothelial cells and induce angiogenesis. However, a role for ECM1 in skin physiology and homeostasis has also emerged. Specifically, in 2002, loss-of-function mutations in the ECM1 gene were discovered to be the cause of the rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis, lipoid proteinosis. This inherited disorder is characterized clinically by skin and mucosal infiltration and scarring and histologically by disruption/duplication of basement membrane and widespread deposition of hyaline material in the dermis. Moreover, other recent studies have identified circulating autoantibodies against the ECM1 protein in most patients with lichen sclerosus, a common chronic inflammatory condition that shares some clinicopathological features with lipoid proteinosis. ECM1 thus serves as a target antigen in both an inherited and an acquired skin disorder. Within the epidermis, ECM1 has a role in the control of keratinocyte differentiation. Within the dermis, ECM1 binds to the major heparan sulphate proteoglycan, perlecan. In this way, ECM1 may act as a "biological glue" in the dermis, helping to regulate basement membrane and interstitial collagen fibril macro-assembly and growth factor binding. ECM1 may also have a role in other acquired skin disorders and physiological skin changes including scarring, wound healing and skin ageing, although this remains to be determined.
Differentiation pathways and histogenetic aspects of normal and abnormal prostatic growth: A stem cell model (1996)

A stem cell model is presented for the organization of the prostatic epithelium that may explain normal and abnormal growth in the human prostate. This model is based on recent data indicating that: 1) The three basic cell types encountered in the prostatic epithelium--i.e., secretory luminal, basal, and endocrine paracrine (EP) cells--are linked in the precursor progeny relationship. 2) The proliferative compartment of the normal and hyperplastic epithelium is located in the basal cell layer. 3) The proliferative compartment of the prostatic epithelium is androgen-independent but contains andro-responsive target cells. 4) During the malignant transformation of the prostatic epithelium, the proliferative zone is inverted and shifts to luminal cell types. 5) Formation of neoplastic basement membrane (BM) material is crucial for the development of the invasive phenotype in prostate cancer. 6) The proliferative activities in prostate cancer are exclusively restricted to exocrine cell types, whereas endocrine differentiated tumor cells are postmitotic cells. 7) The majority of exocrine tumor cells are androgen-responsive in contrast to endocrine differentiated cell types that consistently lack the nuclear androgen receptor (AR). In this model, a small stem cell population located in the basal cell layer gives rise to all epithelial cell lineages encountered in the normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic prostate. The differentiating process from basal cells to secretory luminal cells via intermediate phenotypes is induced by circulating androgens, and largely depends on the presence of androgen-responsive target cells in the basal cell layer. Accordingly, the abnormal growth of the secretory epithelium in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) may be related to an increase in the total number of androgen-responsive basal cells in the proliferative compartment. Prostate cancer derives from transformed stem cells located in the basal cell layer that acquire secretory luminal characteristics under androgenic stimulation. During tumor invasion, the malignant phenotypes adhere via specific receptors to newly formed BM-material, which, in turn, may facilitate their passage through the extracellular matrix. The occurrence of endocrine differentiation in prostate cancer reflects the pluripotency of its stem cells. The widespread absence of nuclear AR in endocrine differentiated tumor cells clearly indicates that this phenotype belongs to those cell clones in prostate cancer, that are initially androgen-independent and refractory to hormonal therapy. Accordingly, the progressive emergence of endocrine cell clones during tumor progression may represent one mechanism by which prostate cancer cells escape hormonal control.
Toward complement inhibition 2.0: Next generation anticomplement agents for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (2018)

Therapeutic complement inhibition by eculizumab has revolutionized the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) with a major impact on its natural history. Nevertheless, emerging unmet clinical needs may benefit from the development of novel complement inhibitors. Novel strategies of complement inhibition exploit different agents targeting C5, as well as compound intercepting the complement cascade at the level of its key component C3, or even upstream at the level of components involved in complement alternative pathway initiation. Many of these agents are already in their clinical development; preliminary data together with a deep understanding of PNH biology may help to anticipate their possible clinical effect. Novel anti-C5 agents include monoclonal antibodies (even long-lasting) as well as other small molecules bioavailable by subcutaneous administration; an anti-C5 small interfering RNA has been developed too. All these anti-C5 agents seem to recapitulate safety and efficacy of current eculizumab treatment; their main improvement pertains to better patient's convenience due to longer dosing interval and/or possible subcutaneous self-administration. The possibility of achieving a deeper C5 inhibition has been shown as well, but its actual clinical meaning remains to be elucidated. Upstream complement inhibitors include the anti-C3 small peptide compstatin (and its derivatives), and small inhibitors of complement factor D or complement factor B. This class of compounds anticipates a possible efficacy in prevention of C3-mediated extravascular hemolysis, in addition to inhibition of intravascular hemolysis, eventually leading to improved hematological responses. The availability of all these compounds will result soon in a substantial improvement of PNH management.
Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (2002)

A 53-year-old woman reports severe watery diarrhea with cramps. She is in her 7th day of a 10-day course of cefixime, prescribed for bronchitis. How should she be evaluated and treated?
Assuring Ownership Rights for Digital Images (1995)

The use of digital data has become more and more commercialized. This is especially true for digital images, where proofs of origin and of content integrity are an important issue. This paper describes a problem related to ‘proof of origin’ and proposes a possible solution to it. After a discussion of the solution, possible extensions and related areas of work are addressed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Degradable Poly(anhydride-co-imides) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of Degradable Poly(anhydride-co-imides)Kathryn E. Uhrich, Anita Gupta, Tommy T. Thomas, Cato T. Laurencin, and Robert LangerCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 7, 2184–2193Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00111a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00111a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views717Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alternative splicing due to an intronic SNP in HMSD generates a novel minor histocompatibility antigen (2007)

Here we report the identification of a novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B44-restricted minor histocompatibility antigen (mHA) with expression limited to hematopoietic cells. cDNA expression cloning studies demonstrated that the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope of interest was encoded by a novel allelic splice variant of HMSD, hereafter designated as HMSD-v. The immunogenicity of the epitope was generated by differential protein expression due to alternative splicing, which was completely controlled by 1 intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism located in the consensus 5' splice site adjacent to an exon. Both HMSD-v and HMSD transcripts were selectively expressed at higher levels in mature dendritic cells and primary leukemia cells, especially those of myeloid lineage. Engraftment of mHA(+) myeloid leukemia stem cells in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID)/gammac(null) mice was completely inhibited by in vitro preincubation with the mHA-specific CTL clone, suggesting that this mHA is expressed on leukemic stem cells. The patient from whom the CTL clone was isolated demonstrated a significant increase of the mHA-specific T cells in posttransplantation peripheral blood, whereas mHA-specific T cells were undetectable in pretransplantation peripheral blood and in peripheral blood from his donor. These findings suggest that the HMSD-v-encoded mHA (designated ACC-6) could serve as a target antigen for immunotherapy against hematologic malignancies.
Iterative image‐domain decomposition for dual‐energy CT (2014)

The authors propose an iterative image-domain decomposition method for DECT. The method combines noise suppression and material decomposition into an iterative process and achieves both goals simultaneously. By exploring the full variance-covariance properties of the decomposed images and utilizing the edge predetection, the proposed algorithm shows superior performance on noise suppression with high image spatial resolution and low-contrast detectability.
Specific Inhibition of PTEN Expression Reverses Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Mice (2002)

Signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) pathway is crucial for metabolic responses to insulin, and defects in PI3K signaling have been demonstrated in type 2 diabetes. PTEN (MMAC1) is a lipid/protein phosphatase that can negatively regulate the PI3K pathway by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate, but it is unclear whether PTEN is physiologically relevant to insulin signaling in vivo. We employed an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) strategy in an effort to specifically inhibit the expression of PTEN. Transfection of cells in culture with ASO targeting PTEN reduced PTEN mRNA and protein levels and increased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in alpha-mouse liver-12 (AML12) cells. Systemic administration of PTEN ASO once a week in mice suppressed PTEN mRNA and protein expression in liver and fat by up to 90 and 75%, respectively, and normalized blood glucose concentrations in db/db and ob/ob mice. Inhibition of PTEN expression also dramatically reduced insulin concentrations in ob/ob mice, improved the performance of db/db mice during insulin tolerance tests, and increased Akt phosphorylation in liver in response to insulin. These results suggest that PTEN plays a significant role in regulating glucose metabolism in vivo by negatively regulating insulin signaling.
Interpreting elevated fetal hemoglobin in pathology and health at the basic laboratory level: new and known γ‐ gene mutations associated with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (2013)

Fetal hemoglobin may be slightly or significantly elevated in post-natal life due to a number of causes. We report two novel mutations found on the promoter of the Aγ gene and summarize all common and rare determinants associated with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) described thus far. Hematological and molecular analysis of the Aγ globin gene in two cases of HPFH. Comparison of the novel cases with all those described in the literature. We have found two novel mutations in three Italian patients with HbF values between 5.9% and 6.5% without an elevated HbA(2) and with normal hemoglobin parameters. In two probands (mother and son), a -197 C>T transition was observed, while in a single individual, a -113 A>G transition was present on the distal CCAAT box of the Aγ gene. As no other abnormalities were present in both γ-gene promoters and the changes are located on regulatory sequences, we may conclude that these mutations are responsible for the HPFH phenotype shown by the carriers. The laboratory should be able to discriminate between elevated HbF due to artifacts or to serious causes including bone marrow malignancies, aplastic anemia, and β-thalassemia major or recessive traits such as β-thalassemia minor, δβ-thalassemia, or nonpathological conditions induced by mutations or polymorphisms of the γ-gene promoters that may even be beneficial when present in patients with thalassemia major or sickle cell disease and, in particular, when these patients are treated with hydroxyurea.
A New Wristband Wearable Sensor Using Adaptive Reduction Filter to Reduce Motion Artifact (2008)

Reduction the motion artifact from photo plethysmograph (PPG) signals can improve the precision of the measurement of heart rate or arterial oxygen saturation in movement state. This paper presents a new wristband PPG/ACC sensor device, which utilizes the adaptive filter technique to reduce the motion artifact of the original PPG signals. A 3-axis MEMS accelerometer sensor is attached to the PPG sensor to detect the wrist movement. A fast transversal RLS algorithm is performed to reduce the computed complexity of the adaptive filter. Experiment results show that this device can provide more reliable and stable signals against motion artifact corruption under the typical types of movement, such as swinging arms.
Application of the “Defender” Consumer Model (1984)

This paper examines the feasibility, practicality, and predictive ability of the consumer model which was proposed by Hauser and Shugan (Hauser, J. R., S. M. Shugan. 1983. Defensive marketing strategies. Marketing Sci. 2 (4, Fall) 319–360). We report results in two product categories, each representing over $100 million in annual sales. We develop “per dollar” perceptual maps and empirical consumer “taste” distributions. As a first test of the model, we compare the predictive ability of the consumer model in one category to (1) pretest market laboratory measurement models, (2) traditional perceptual mapping procedures, (3) a hybrid model using price as an attribute, and (4) actual market shares in test market cities. In the second product category, we illustrate the application of the quantitative model to augment managerial judgment. Besides developing an empirical version of the “Defender” consumer model, our analyses raise a number of behavioral hypotheses worth further investigation.
Mutation parameters from DNA sequence data using graph theoretic measures on lineage trees (2006)

We have developed a bioinformatic method based on a maximum likelihood analysis of phylogenetic lineage trees to estimate the parameters of a B cell clonal expansion model, which includes somatic hypermutation with the possibility of lethal mutations. Lineage trees are created from clonally related B cell receptor DNA sequences. Important links between tree shapes and underlying model parameters are identified using mutual information. Parameters are estimated using a likelihood function based on the joint distribution of several tree shapes, without requiring a priori knowledge of the number of generations in the clone (which is not available for rapidly dividing populations in vivo). A systematic validation on synthetic trees produced by a mutating birth-death process simulation shows that our estimates are precise and robust to several underlying assumptions. These methods are applied to experimental data from autoimmune mice to demonstrate the existence of hypermutating B cells in an unexpected location in the spleen.
Mutual Knowledge and Communicative Effectiveness (2014)

This chapter examines voice mail use in several divisions of a nationwide insurance company. Voice mail (VM) is a computer-aided telephone system capable of storing and forwarding digitized spoken messages. Users report that voice mail was useful for time-delayed communication and for retaining affect in delayed communication. Social presence is the degree to which a communication medium conveys the actual physical presence of the participants communicating. Channels high in social presence or information richness, such as face-to-face communication or video conferencing, can convey motion, distance, and paralinguistic cues, as well as denotative content. A large insurance organization in the process of pilot testing a voice mail system provided the setting for the study. VM can overcome situational constraints inherent in using the telephone, which not only requires both communicators to use the medium at the same time, but also generally involves the transformation of the communication content across several media.
Identification and Characterization of a Thermostable MutS Homolog from Thermus aquaticus (1996)

Recognition of mispaired or unpaired bases during DNA mismatch repair is carried out by the MutS protein family. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a thermostable MutS homolog from Thermus aquaticus YT-1. Sequencing of the mutS gene predicts an 89.3-kDa polypeptide sharing extensive amino acid sequence homology with MutS homologs from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Expression of the T. aquaticus mutS gene in Escherichia coli results in a dominant mutator phenotype. Initial biochemical characterization of the thermostable MutS protein, which was purified to apparent homogeneity, reveals two thermostable activities, an ATP hydrolysis activity in which ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi and a specific DNA mismatch binding activity with affinities for heteroduplex DNAs containing either an insertion/deletion of one base or a GT mismatch. The ATPase activity exhibits a temperature optimum of approximately 80 degrees C. Heteroduplex DNA binding by the T. aquaticus MutS protein requires Mg2+ and occurs over a broad temperature range from 0 degrees C to at least 70 degrees C. The thermostable MutS protein may be useful for further biochemical and structural studies of mismatch binding and for applications involving mutation detection.
Fractals Everywhere (1988)

"Difficult concepts are introduced in a clear fashion with excellent diagrams and graphs." - Alan E. Wessel, Santa Clara University"The style of writing is technically excellent, informative, and entertaining." - Robert McCartyThis new edition of a highly successful text constitutes one of the most influential books on fractal geometry. An exploration of the tools, methods, and theory of deterministic geometry, the treatment focuses on how fractal geometry can be used to model real objects in the physical world. Two sixteen-page full-color inserts contain fractal images, and a bonus CD of
Fluorescent Detection Methods for PCR Analysis (1994)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has provided numerous scientists in biotechnology and biomedical research a powerful technique that has pushed many efforts a quantum leap forward. The ability of PCR to amplify small amounts of target nucleic acids has not only solved the main problem in DNA probe technology, but also has revolutionized molecular biology, and accelerated applications of other important technologies, such as DNA sequencing. However, the development of PCR technology still requires a considerable effort directed at the detection of PCR products. These efforts are required to improve the speed, reliability, quantitation, and sensitivity of PCR analysis. Improved detection methods are important for the secondary verification or corroboration of PCR products, and for the automation of the PCR process.
In-circuit-emulation in ASIC architectural core designs (2003)

Software development and system integration in designs with microprocessors and microcontrollers is often accomplished with the aid of an in-circuit-emulator (ICE). Designs incorporating an architectural microcontroller core cell and peripheral cells embedded in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) present additional challenges in software development and system integration. A description is given of the ASIC UCS51 family and a fully functional ICE that supports it. The core and peripheral cells are emulated with multiple ICs, and the user logic is emulated with programmable logic devices. Results of the first customer application and use are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transition from Dimers to Higher Oligomeric Forms Occurs during the ATPase Cycle of the ABCA1 Transporter (2006)

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and native PAGE analytical techniques were employed to assess the quaternary structure of ABCA1, an ATP binding cassette transporter playing a crucial role in cellular lipid handling. These experimental approaches support the conclusion that ABCA1 is associated in dimeric structures that undergo transition into higher order structures, i.e. tetramers, during the ATP catalytic cycle. Our data hence underline molecular assembly as a crucial parameter in ABCA1 function and the advantage of native PAGE as analytical tool for intractable membrane proteins.
Application-aware adaptation for mobile computing (1995)

This paper identifies application-aware adaptation as an essential capability of mobile clients, and provides an overview of Odyssey, an architecture that supports this capability. Functionality that has hitherto been implemented monolithically must now be split between the operating system and individual applications. The role of the operating system is to sense external events, and to monitor and allocate scarce resources. In contrast, the role of individual applications is to adapt to changing conditions by using the information and resources provided by the operating system.