gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial of adenosine 5′-triphosphate on tumor growth and survival in advanced lung cancer patients (2003)

We recently reported that regular infusions of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) inhibited loss of body weight and quality of life in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present paper we investigated whether ATP affects tumor growth and survival in the same group of patients. Fifty-eight NSCLC patients (stage IIIB or IV) were randomly assigned to receive either 10 i.v. 30-h ATP infusions every 2-4 weeks over a 24-week period (n = 28) or no ATP (control patients, n = 30). ATP was given for a median of 6.5 infusions. Differences in time to progression and survival between patients in both groups were tested by means of the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. Forty-nine patients were evaluable for tumor response. None of the evaluable patients showed a complete or partial response. Median time to progression was 3.9 months [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.3-5.5] in the ATP group compared to 3.0 months (95% CI = 2.4-3.7) in the control group (p = 0.71). Median survival was 5.6 months (95% CI = 1.1-10.1) for the ATP group and 4.7 months (95% CI = 2.6-6.8) for the control group (p = 0.68). ATP treatment was associated with a significant increase in survival in the subgroup of weight-losing patients with stage IIIB NSCLC: in this subgroup, median survival was 9.3 months (95% CI = 2.1-16.5) for ATP-treated patients versus 3.5 months (95% CI = 2.3-4.7) for control patients (between-group difference: p = 0.009). No significant effect of ATP was observed for weight-losing patients with stage IV NSCLC or for weight-stable NSCLC patients. Although ATP as a single therapy does not lead to tumor regression or increased survival in patients with advanced lung cancer, it may prolong survival in weight-losing patients with stage IIIB lung cancer. The latter finding is intriguing, but requires confirmation in larger clinical trials.
Nanopatterning Peptides as Bifunctional Inks for Templated Assembly (2009)

Peptides selected via cell-surface or phage display for their ability to bind inorganic surfaces can be used as inks in dip-pen nanolithography with sub-100-nm resolution (see image). Two different biotinylated peptides are chosen because they exhibit preferential binding to either gold or silica surfaces and can be used as bifunctional linkers to direct the site-specific assembly of fluorescently-labeled streptavidin. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (2011)

Necrotizing enterocolitis, one of the most common and devastating diseases in neonates, typically manifests with feeding intolerance, abdominal distention, and bloody stools. This article discusses the current knowledge and treatment of this difficult-to-treat condition.
Mechanical properties of irradiated single-layer graphene (2013)

The mechanical properties of irradiated single-layer graphene sheets are determined as a function of inserted vacancy concentration. We find that the vacancy-induced crystalline-to-amorphous transition is accompanied by a brittle-to-ductile transition in the failure response of irradiated graphene sheets for inserted vacancy concentrations of 8%–12%. While point defects and larger voids appreciably degrade the strength of pristine graphene, we find that even heavily damaged samples (∼20% vacancies) exhibit tensile strengths of ∼30 GPa, in significant excess of those typical of engineering materials. Our results suggest that defect engineering of graphene is feasible without incurring a complete loss of its desirable mechanical properties.
Towards Context-adaptive Natural Language Processing Systems (2002)

In this paper we will discuss several issues and requirements for enabling natural language processing systems to become context-adaptive. Given the fact that emerging systems feature speaker independent continuous speech recognition restricted to individual domains and are equipped with syntactic and semantic parsers for understanding input from these domains, we should begin to envision open multi-domain natural language processing systems. We will address the following issues arising in such open systems: How to divide natural language processing modules in context-variant and context-invariant components and how to enable the ensuing systems to detect contextual changes for processing the context-variant phenomena.
Gene Polymorphisms of Interleukin-17 and Interleukin-17 Receptor Are Associated with End-Stage Kidney Disease (2012)

Two polymorphisms within the IL17E and IL17RA genes are associated with ESRD independent of age and sex. This is the first finding to suggest that genetic variations of IL17 genes affect the risk of development of ESRD.
Study on Wear Reduction Mechanisms of Artificial Cartilage by Synergistic Protein Boundary Film Formation (2005)

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel is one of the anticipated materials for artificial cartilage. PVA hydrogel has high water content and a low elastic modulus similar to natural cartilage, but its major disadvantage is its lower strength. PVA hydrogel experienced rapid wear under severe conditions such as mixed or boundary lubrication. Therefore, the existence of a protective surface film with low friction becomes important to prevent surface failure. In this study, the reciprocating frictional tests for a sliding pair of PVA hydrogel and glass plate were carried out, and fluorescent observations were performed to identify the roles of adsorbed protein film. Albumin and γ-globulin, which are contained in natural synovial fluid, were used by mixing into the lubricant. It appears that groups of albumin molecules adsorb on the smooth γ-globulin adsorbed layer at content of 2.1wt% of proteins with an appropriate ratio. But in the case of a lubricant which has excessive protein at 2.8wt%, albumin and γ-globulin adsorbed separately. Considering the wear reduction at 2.1wt% content of protein, albumin and γ-globulin constituted synergistic adsorbed film for wear reduction. It is indicated that albumin constructs a low shear layer and γ-globulin forms a layer protecting PVA hydrogel from wear. It is considered that wear and friction of PVA hydrogel were reduced due to slip of the boundary of adsorbed albumin and γ-globulin layer. Content of protein and ratio of albumin to γ-globulin (AG ratio) are important to constitute the appropriate protein film.
The pgaABCD Locus of Acinetobacter baumannii Encodes the Production of Poly-β-1-6- N -Acetylglucosamine, Which Is Critical for Biofilm Formation (2009)

We found that Acinetobacter baumannii contains a pgaABCD locus that encodes proteins that synthesize cell-associated poly-beta-(1-6)-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG). Both a mutant with an in-frame deletion of the pga locus (S1Deltapga) and a transcomplemented strain (S1Deltapga-c) of A. baumannii were constructed, and the PNAG production by these strains was compared using an immunoblot assay. Deleting the pga locus resulted in an A. baumannii strain without PNAG, and transcomplementation of the S1Deltapga strain with the pgaABCD genes fully restored the wild-type PNAG phenotype. Heterologous expression of the A. baumannii pga locus in Escherichia coli led to synthesis of significant amounts of PNAG, while no polysaccharide was detected in E. coli cells harboring an empty vector. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the extracellular polysaccharide material isolated from A. baumannii confirmed that it was PNAG, but notably only 60% of the glucosamine amino groups were acetylated. PCR analysis indicated that all 30 clinical A. baumannii isolates examined had the pga genes, and immunoblot assays indicated that 14 of the 30 strains strongly produced PNAG, 14 of the strains moderately to weakly produced PNAG, and 2 strains appeared to not produce PNAG. Deletion of the pga locus led to loss of the strong biofilm phenotype, which was restored by complementation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies combined with COMSTAT analysis demonstrated that the biovolume, mean thickness, and maximum thickness of 16-h and 48-h-old biofilms formed by wild-type and pga-complemented A. baumannii strains were significantly greater than the biovolume, mean thickness, and maximum thickness of 16-h and 48-h-old biofilms formed by the S1Deltapga mutant strain. Biofilm-dependent production of PNAG could be an important virulence factor for this emerging pathogen that has few known virulence factors.
Grasping known objects with humanoid robots: A box-based approach (2009)

Abstract — Autonomous grasping of household objects is one of the major skills that an intelligent service robot necessarily has to provide in order to interact with the environment. In this paper, we propose a grasping strategy for known objects, comprising an off-line, box-based grasp generation technique on 3D shape representations. The complete system is able to robustly detect an object and estimate its pose, flexibly generate grasp hypotheses from the assigned model and perform such hypotheses using visual servoing. We will present experiments implemented on the humanoid platform ARMAR-III. I.
Identification of Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri host specificity genes in a heterologous expression host (2008)

We provide the first conclusive evidence that Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri Asiatic strain (Xac-A) and, in particular, Xac-A(w), a unique citrus canker A strain isolated from Key lime in Wellington, Florida, induces a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in grapefruit leaves. Using the heterologous tomato pathogen X. perforans, as a recipient of the Xac-A(w) genomic library, we identified a 1599-bp open reading frame responsible for HR in grapefruit, but not Key lime, and designated it avrGf1. Xac-A(w)DeltaavrGf1 produced typical, although visibly reduced, citrus canker symptoms (i.e. raised pustules) in grapefruit and typical canker symptoms in Key lime. We also determined that the X. perforans transconjugant carrying an Xac-A(w) hrpG elicited HR in grapefruit and Key lime leaves, and that xopA in X. perforans was partly responsible for HR. Xac-A transconjugants carrying the X. perforans xopA were reduced in ability to grow in grapefruit leaves relative to wild-type Xac-A. The X. perforans xopA appears to be a host-limiting factor. An avrBs3 homologue, which contained 18.5 repeats and induced HR in tomato, was designated avrTaw. This gene, when expressed in a pustule-minus Xac-A(w), did not complement pustule formation; however, pthA(w), a functional pthA homologue, complemented the mutant strain to produce typical pustules in Key lime, but markedly reduced pustules in grapefruit. Both avrBs3 homologues, when expressed in a typical Xac-A strain, resulted in typical citrus canker pustules in grapefruit, indicating that neither homologue suppressed pustule size in grapefruit. Xac-A(w) contains other unidentified factors that suppress development in grapefruit.
Tongue Base Suspension Combined with UPPP in Severe OSA Patients (2005)

This study shows the benefits of minimally invasive tongue base suspension combined with UPPP in severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Preparation and structure of the 1:2 π-molecular complex of phenothiazine with pyromellitic dianhydride (1985)

Single crystals of the black 1:2 donor–acceptor complex of phenothiazine with pyromellitic dianhydride, PTZ:(PMDA)2, were grown by plate sublimation at ∼163 °C from the zone-refined components. The l:1 complex is produced at lower temperatures. Crystals of the 1:2 complex are monoclinic, P21/c, Z=4, a=7.689(3), b=12.953(5), c=28.14(2) Å, β=104.30(2)° at T=19 °C. The structure was refined from 2863 x-ray diffraction reflection intensities for which I&amp;gt;2.0σ(I) to R=0.064 and Rw=0.057. The structure consists of continuous ... DADA ... polar stacks as does the l:1 complex, but the stacks, which are parallel to the a axis, are separated in the c direction by the extra PMDA molecule. The overlap of adjacent molecules in the stack in the 1:2 complex is more closely related to the overlap of adjacent molecules in the π-molecular complex of PMDA with anthracene. The resultant angle between the stack axis and the normal to the planar molecules is 27.1°. The geometry of the individual molecules in the l:2 complex is not significantly different from those in the l:1 complex.
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Is Required for the Generation of a Type 1 Immune Response to Pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans Infection (2002)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)(-/-) mice cannot mount protective host defenses during infection with the opportunistic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans (52D). Because effective host defense against C. neoformans requires specific immune responses and the generation of type 1 (T1) cytokines, we determined how the absence of uPA impacts these processes. Wild-type (WT) and uPA(-/-) mice were inoculated with C. neoformans. Macrophage antifungal activity was assessed histologically, T lymphocyte responses in vivo and proliferation in vitro were quantified, and cytokine concentrations were determined by ELISA. uPA(-/-) macrophages have impaired antimicrobial activity. Regional lymph nodes of infected uPA(-/-) mice contained fewer cells than WT, suggesting impaired T cell proliferation in response to the pathogen in vivo. In vitro, uPA(-/-) T lymphocytes had impaired proliferative responses to C. neoformans rechallenge compared with WT. Infected WT mice generated T1 cytokines in the lung, characterized by high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-12. uPA(-/-) mice had decreased levels of IFN-gamma and IL-12, and increased IL-5, a type 2 cytokine. In the absence of uPA, the cytokine profile of regional lymph nodes shifted from a T1 pattern characterized by IFN-gamma and IL-2 to a weak, nonpolarized response. We conclude that in the absence of uPA, lymphocyte proliferative responses are diminished, and mice fail to generate protective T1 cytokines, resulting in impaired antimicrobial activity. This study provides novel evidence that uPA is a critical modulator of immune responses and of immune cell effector functions in vivo.
Short medium frequency AM antennas (2001)

Short antennas have again attracted broadcaster attention. These kinds of antennas have been used since the 1920s. At that time it was the logical antenna as a new application of this service after more than twenty years of telegraphic transmissions. Telegraphic transmissions were the most important radio communication service at that time, and because of the long range needed the lowest frequencies as possible were employed. For this reason very short antennas were used even if their size was enormous. Top loaded monopoles were very popular and this technique was employed for broadcast use before the vertical transmitting mast exhaustive study was carried on in the thirties. Nowadays a short antenna would be useful for low power applications and specially to be mounted on building tops. Of course this kind of antennas is not intended to replace the optimum monopoles or vertical dipole where maximum efficiency, maximum gain and antifading properties were achieved after exhaustive studies and after long experience theoretically and practically achieved. CFAs, short monopoles, short dipoles and short folded monopoles have been analyzed from the theoretical and practical point of view in order to choose the simplest and most efficient. model to fulfill downtown stringent requirements.
Effects of nitric oxide in orthodontic tooth movement in rats. (2004)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was used as NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and nitro-L-arginine (NLA) was used as NOS precursor. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 equal groups, and each group was divided into 3 subgroups. In the first 8 subgroups, 20 g of force was applied to the maxillary incisors with a spring. NLA was administered in the first 3 subgroups at 10(-4), 10(-5) and 10(-6) mol/L (20 microL/12 hours), respectively. L-NAME was administered in the next 3 subgroups with the same order, amount, and prescription. The last 3 subgroups were evaluated as control groups; in the seventh subgroup, 0.9% NaCl (saline solution) was injected (20 microL/12 hours). Only the force was administered in the eighth subgroup, and no chemical solution or orthodontic force was used in the last subgroup. The rats were killed on the fifth day of the experiment. Their premaxillae were dissected, and tissue sections were obtained from the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the incisor roots. Multinuclear osteoclasts, Howship's lacunae, capillary vascularization, and orthodontic tooth movement were significantly increased in the NLA groups compared with the L-NAME and control groups.
Beyond testosterone cypionate: evidence behind the use of nandrolone in male health and wellness (2016)

Characterized by low serum testosterone levels and diverse symptoms, male hypogonadism is a common condition. Current medical treatment focuses on testosterone supplementation using multiple modalities such as injections, gels and pellets. Interestingly, while testosterone is considered an anabolic androgenic steroid, it has not been saddled with the social stigma that other, similar medications have. The goal of this review is to highlight an anabolic steroid, 19-nortestosterone (i.e., nandrolone, deca-durabolin) and illustrate prospective therapeutic applications for male health. Containing a chemical structure similar to testosterone, nandrolone has a higher myotrophic: androgenic ratio resulting in improved effects on muscle mass. Animal models have suggested application in the improvement of joint healing following rotator cuff repair. Minimal literature exists regarding the use of nandrolone and, as such, further human studies are required.
Identification of Rothia Bacteria as Gluten-Degrading Natural Colonizers of the Upper Gastro-Intestinal Tract (2011)

While the human digestive enzyme system lacks the capacity to cleave immunogenic gluten, such activities are naturally present in the oral microbial enzyme repertoire. The identified bacteria may be exploited for physiologic degradation of harmful gluten peptides.
Hydrogen as a Fuel (2001)

Preface Kornel L. Kovacs and Paulette M. Vignais Origins, Evolution, and the Hydrogen Biosphere Richard Cammack Biodiversity of Hydrogenases Rob Robson Regulation of Hydrogenase Gene Expression Barbel Friedrich and Paulette Vignais The Assembly Line Rob Robson Hydrogenases and Their Activities Richard Cammack Molecular Architectures Juan-Carlos Fontecilla-Camps and Michel Frey Spectroscopy-the Functional Puzzle Simon Albracht The Catalytic Machinery Richard Cammack Hydrogenase in Biotechnology: Hydrogen Consumption Richard Cammack Hydrogenase in Biotechnology: Producing Hydrogen as a Fuel Krishna Rao and Richard Cammack.
A 2.2-V operation, 2.4-GHz single-chip GaAs MMIC transceiver for wireless applications (1999)

A 2.2-V operation, single-chip GaAs MMIC transceiver has been successfully developed for 2.4-GHz-band wireless applications such as wireless local area network terminals. The chip is fabricated using a planar self-aligned gate field-effect transistor. To generate sufficient negative voltage for gate-biasing and to enhance switch power handling capability under a 2.2-V supply, a newly designed negative voltage generator with a voltage doubler (NVG-VD) and a switch control logic circuit are integrated on the chip, together with a power amplifier, a transmit/receive switch, and a low-noise amplifier. The NVG-VD is designed to produce both a 3.3-V positive step-up voltage and a -2.1-V negative voltage under 2.2 V in operation voltage. Biased with these outputs, the logic circuit accommodates high power outputs of over 25 dBm with a low operating voltage of 2.2 V in transmit mode, With a 2.45-GHz modulated signal based on IS-95 standards, a 21-dBm output power and a 33% efficiency are obtained at a /spl plusmn/1.25-MHz-offset adjacent channel power rejection of -45 dBc. In receive mode, a low-noise amplifier achieves a 1.8-dB noise figure and an 11-dB gain with a 3.0-mA current. This transceiver enables significant size and weight reductions in 2.4-GHz-band wireless application terminals.
Vascular anatomy of monochorionic placenta in relation to discordant growth and amniotic fluid volume (1998)

The objective of this study was to determine the chorionic plate vascular anatomy of the monochorionic (MC) placenta in relation to the discordance in fetal growth with or without disparity in amniotic fluid volume. In 58 MC placentae, anastomoses were delineated by dye-contrast injection under optimal physiological conditions. Thirty-two pregnancies were complicated by twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) (n = 32), of which 16 placentae were from severe disease. Ten pregnancies with fetal growth discordance of >20% and with a normal amniotic fluid index (AFI) were also studied. Sixteen uncomplicated MC pregnancies were used as controls. Severe TTTS placentae (median, m 1; range, r 0 to 2) had significantly fewer anastomoses than those from mild disease (m 2; r 1 to 4; P < 0.01), discordant growth (m 3; r 2 to 6; P < 0.001) and controls (m 5; r 2 to 8; P < 0.001). Placentae from severe TTTS had a single unidirectional deep arteriovenous anastomosis, while milder cases, in addition, had a < or = 1 mm bidirectional superficial arterioarterial (n = 9) or venovenous (n = 6) -type shunts. Multiple arteriovenous anastomoses with a paucity of superficial anastomoses were detected in discordant growth placenta. In contrast, control placentae had multiple shunts which were symmetrical in number, type and size both overall and per placenta. The subchorionic distance in severe TTTS and discordant growth placenta were comparable (m 3.5 cm; r 1.6 to 5.8 cm versus m 3.6 cm; r 2.5 to 5.7 cm), but were greater than the mild disease (m 2.5 cm; r 1.2 to 3.8 cm; P < 0.01) and control groups (m 1 cm; r 0.5 to 2.4 cm; P < 0.001). The perinatal mortality in severe TTTS (57%) was higher than that in the mild TTTS (17%) and growth discordant groups (15%). The paucity of superficial anastomoses with presence of solitary or multiple arteriovenous anastomoses is likely to be associated with severe TTTS and fetal growth discordance of >20% respectively. In contrast, in mild TTTS additional superficial arterioarterial or venovenous channels are present along with single deep arteriovenous anastomoses.