gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Role for Ethylene in the Yellowing of Broccoli after Harvest (1994)

Ethylene production from florets of `Shogun' harvested broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L.var. italica ) held at 20C in darkness increased as the sepal tissues yellowed. The pattern of respiration rate and ethylene production from branchlets or entire heads was similar, although the magnitude of ethylene and carbon dioxide production appeared to be diluted by the other fleshy stem tissues. The reproductive structures, stamens and pistil, may have a role in determining the rate of sepal degreening, since removing them from florets reduced the yellowing rate. The pistil and stamens also had 7-fold higher levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase activity and more than double the ethylene production of other tissues within the floret. Stamen ACC oxidase activity was high on the first day after harvest, before yellowing became obvious. Changes in ACC oxidase activity of the pistil and stamens mirrored changes in ACC content in these tissues. The climacteric status of harvested broccoli was confirmed by exposure to 0.5% propylene. Propylene stimulated respiration and ethylene production and accelerated yellowing (measured as chlorophyll and hue-angle decline). Broccoli tissues did not respond to propylene immediately after harvest. In tissues aged in air before treatment, the time for response to propylene was shorter, a result suggesting a change in tissue sensitivity. Ethylene exposure induced a dose-dependent decline in hue angle, with 1 ppm ethylene giving the maximum response.
Cre recombinase-mediated site-specific recombinationbetween plant chromosomes. (1994)

We report the use of the bacteriophage P1 Cre-lox system for generating conservative site-specific recombination between tobacco chromosomes. Two constructs, one containing a promoterless hygromycin-resistance gene preceded by a lox site (lox-hpt) and the other containing a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter linked to a lox sequence and the cre coding region (35S-lox-cre), were introduced separately into tobacco plants. Crosses between plants harboring either construct produced plants with the two constructs situated on different chromosomes. Plants with recombination events were identified by selecting for hygromycin resistance, a phenotype expressed upon recombination. Molecular analysis showed that these recombination events occurred specifically at the lox sites and resulted in the reciprocal exchange of flanking host DNA. Progenies of these plants showed 67-100% cotransmission of the new transgenes, 35S-lox-hpt and lox-cre, consistent with the preferential cosegregation of translocated chromosomes. These results illustrate that site-specific recombination systems can be useful tools for the large-scale manipulation of eukaryotic chromosomes in vivo.
Thermionic power generation at high temperatures using SiGe∕Si superlattices (2007)

Recent studies have predicted that heterostructure superlattices can enhance the effective thermoelectric power factor significantly through selective emission of hot carriers via thermionic emission. Here, we study the potential of SiGe∕Si superlattices for power generation at high temperatures. A detailed theory based on Boltzmann transport equation is developed which takes into account multiple valleys. We show that thermionic emission provides only a modest improvement in the power factor. This is due to the fact that SiGe is a multivalley semiconductor and it has a large density of states. With reasonable dopings, Fermi energy in SiGe alloy is very close to the band minimum so that the symmetry of the differential conductivity does not change very much with small barrier superlattices. Particularly at high temperatures when the thermal spread of the carriers is much larger than the Fermi energy in the band, superlattice energy filtering is not effective.
Specificity of Effector T Lymphocytes in Autologous Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Role of the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Invariant Chain Peptide (1997)

Administration of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine after autologous bone marrow transplantation induces a systemic autoimmune syndrome resembling graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This syndrome termed autologous GVHD has significant antitumor activity. Associated with autologous GVHD is the development of T lymphocytes that recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II determinants, including self. The present studies attempted to characterize and define the molecular specificity of the effector T lymphocytes in autologous GVHD induced in patients with metastatic breast cancer. The results suggest that the effector cells associated with human autologous GVHD are CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing the alpha/beta T-cell receptor. Additional studies show that the effector T cells recognize MHC class II antigens in association with a peptide from the invariant chain (CLIP). Pretreatment of autologous lymphoblast target cells with anti-CLIP antibody completely blocked lysis mediated by autologous GVHD effector T cells. On the other hand, force loading this peptide markedly enhanced the susceptibility of the target cells to recognition by the autoreactive T cells. The recognition of the MHC class II CLIP complex may account for the novel specificity of the effector T cells associated with human autologous GVHD. Moreover, identification of the target peptide may allow for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies to enhance the antitumor efficacy of autologous GVHD.
Electrostatic Self‐Assembly of Polystyrene Microspheres by Using Chemically Directed Contact Electrification (2006)

Stick with me: Electrostatic charges can be induced in functionalized polystyrene beads. Oppositely charged beads then aggregate to form superstructures. A coat of small beads can self-assemble around a large bead (see optical microscopy image). After annealing, another layer of beads can be added. The technique, based on contact electrification, avoids the use of expensive equipment and enables the use of large quantities of material.
Erythropoietin synthesis by tumour tissues in a patient with uterine myoma and erythrocytosis (2001)

We report a patient with uterine myoma (leiomyoma) and erythrocytosis in whom erythropoietin (Epo) production in the leiomyoma tissue was identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A 48-year-old Japanese woman with uterine myoma showed marked erythrocytosis (haemoglobin: 20.2 g/dl, haematocrit: 61.1%, red blood cells: 6.51 x 10(12)/1). After hysterectomy, erythrocytosis rapidly disappeared. In the leiomyoma tissue collected from the patient, Epo mRNA expression was confirmed using RT-PCR. Furthermore, ELISA showed that the Epo protein level was significantly increased compared with those in control tissues. It is suggested that the pathogenesis of erythrocytosis in patients with uterine myoma involves ectopic Epo production by leiomyoma tissues.
The NRSE smRNA specifies the fate of adult hippocampal neural stem cells (2005)

Recently we found that the nuclear localized small modulatory double-stranded (ds) RNA (smRNA) coding NRSE sequences triggered activation of transcription of NRSE genes in adult hippocampal neural stem cells. NRSE smRNA, which are non-coding dsRNAs about 20 bp in length, reside in the nucleus and play a critical role in mediating neuronal differentiation. These smRNAs carry the sequence of NRSE/RE1, which is recognized by the NRSF/REST transcription factor. The NRSE sequences are embedded widely in the genomic region, typically in promoters of neuron-specific genes. The mechanism of action appears to be mediated through a specific interaction between dsRNA and DNA/protein interaction, rather than through siRNA or miRNA. The discovery of smRNAs extends the important contribution of non-coding RNAs as key regulators of cell fate choice for adult neurogenesis.
Overexpression of the Axl tyrosine kinase receptor in cutaneous SCC-derived cell lines and tumours (2006)

The molecular mechanisms that underlie the development of squamous cell skin cancers (SSC) are poorly understood. We have used oligonucleotide microarrays to compare the differences in cellular gene expression between a series of keratinocyte cell that mimic disease progression with the aim of identifying genes that may potentially contribute towards squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) progression in vivo, and in particular to identify markers that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for SCC treatment. Gene expression differences were corroborated by polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We identified Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase with transforming potential that has also been shown to have a role in cell survival, adhesion and chemotaxis, was upregulated in vitro in SCC-derived cells compared to premalignant cells. Extending the investigation to tumour biopsies showed that the Axl protein was overexpressed in vivo in a series of SCCs.
In vitro Attenuation of Nitric Oxide Production in C6 Astrocyte Cell Culture by Various Dietary Compounds (1998)

Excessive nitric oxide (NO) production in the brain has been correlated with neurotoxicity and the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. NO production from neuroglial cells surrounding neurons contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of these diseases. The suppression of NO production in these cells may be beneficial in retarding many of these disorders. The present study was designed to evaluate the capacity of dietary-derived polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, crude extracts, oils, and other food constituents in suppressing the release of NO from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) stimulated C6 astrocyte cells. In this experiment, 61 compounds were tested, and 36 showed significant suppressive effects of NO production. The results indicate that the following compounds exhibited a dose-dependent suppressive effect of NO production with an IC50 less than 10(-3) M: quercetin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, morin, curcumin, apigenin, sesamol, chlorogenic acid, fisetin, (+)-taxifolin, (+)-catechin, ellagic acid, and caffeic acid. Compounds, which reduce NO production at less than 300 ppm, include milk thistle, silymarin, grapenol, and green tea. These results demonstrate a possible value for dietary compounds to inhibit the excessive production of NO.
[C-alkylpiperazines. XII. Synthesis and diuretic activity of compounds structurally related to clopamide]. (1987)

The synthesis and diuretic activity were reported of a series of N1-(4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzamide)-N4-alkylpiperazines, 2-methyl- and cis-2,6-dimethyl substituted, structurally related to clopamide, as well as of two N4-alkyl-N1-(4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoyl)-2-methyl-1,2,3, 4-tetrahydroquinoxalines. In the piperazine series the presence of methyl group in position 2 and 6 of the piperazinic ring was found to increase the diuretic potency of the C-unmethylated compound.
40 Gb/s 8×8 Low-latency Optical Switch for Data Centers (2011)

This paper reports on a 40 Gb/s 8×8 optical switch for data centers. Experiments demonstrate error-free operation with 118.2 ns switching latency in contention-less architecture. Simulations show 150 ns latency for consolidated architectures.
Down-regulation of RAB6KIFL/KIF20A, a Kinesin Involved with Membrane Trafficking of Discs Large Homologue 5, Can Attenuate Growth of Pancreatic Cancer Cell (2005)

To identify novel molecular targets for treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we generated precise gene expression profiles of PDACs on a genome-wide cDNA microarray after populations of tumor cells were purified by laser microdissection. Through functional analysis of genes that were transactivated in PDACs, we identified RAB6KIFL as a candidate for development of drugs to treat PDACs at the molecular level. Knockdown of endogenous RAB6KIFL expression in PDAC cell lines by small interfering RNA drastically attenuated growth of those cells, suggesting an essential role for the gene product in maintaining viability of PDAC cells. RAB6KIFL belongs to the kinesin superfamily of motor proteins, which have critical functions in trafficking of molecules and organelles. Proteomics analyses using a polyclonal anti-RAB6KIFL antibody identified one of the cargoes transported by RAB6KIFL as discs, large homologue 5 (DLG5), a scaffolding protein that may link the vinexin-beta-catenin complex at sites of cell-cell contact. Like RAB6KIFL, DLG5 was overexpressed in PDACs, and knockdown of endogenous DLG5 by small interfering RNA significantly suppressed the growth of PDAC cells as well. Decreased levels of endogenous RAB6KIFL in PDAC cells altered the subcellular localization of DLG5 from cytoplasmic membranes to cytoplasm. Our results imply that collaboration of RAB6KIFL and DLG5 is likely to be involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis. These molecules should be promising targets for development of new therapeutic strategies for PDACs.
Treatment intensification does not reduce residual HIV-1 viremia in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (2009)

In HIV-1-infected individuals on currently recommended antiretroviral therapy (ART), viremia is reduced to <50 copies of HIV-1 RNA per milliliter, but low-level residual viremia appears to persist over the lifetimes of most infected individuals. There is controversy over whether the residual viremia results from ongoing cycles of viral replication. To address this question, we conducted 2 prospective studies to assess the effect of ART intensification with an additional potent drug on residual viremia in 9 HIV-1-infected individuals on successful ART. By using an HIV-1 RNA assay with single-copy sensitivity, we found that levels of viremia were not reduced by ART intensification with any of 3 different antiretroviral drugs (efavirenz, lopinavir/ritonavir, or atazanavir/ritonavir). The lack of response was not associated with the presence of drug-resistant virus or suboptimal drug concentrations. Our results suggest that residual viremia is not the product of ongoing, complete cycles of viral replication, but rather of virus output from stable reservoirs of infection.
The angiogenic function of nucleolin is mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor and nonmuscle myosin (2006)

Nucleolin, originally described as a nuclear protein, was recently found to be expressed on the surface of endothelial cells during angiogenic. However, the functions of cell-surface nucleolin in angiogenic remain mysterious. Here we report that upon endothelial cells adhering to extracellular matrix components, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mobilizes nucleolin from nucleus to cell surface. Functional blockage or down-regulation of the expression of cell-surface nucleolin in endothelial cells significantly inhibits the migration of endothelial cells and prevents capillary-tubule formation. Moreover, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain 9 (MyH9), an actin-based motor protein, is identified as a nucleolin-binding protein. Subsequent studies reveal that MyH9 serves as a physical linker between nucleolin and cytoskeleton, thus modulating the translocation of nucleolin. Knocking down endogenous MyH9, specifically inhibiting myosin activity, or overexpressing functional deficient MyH9 disrupts the organization of cell-surface nucleolin and inhibits its angiogenic function. These studies indicate that VEGF, extracellular matrix, and intracellular motor protein MyH9 are all essential for the novel function of nucleolin in angiogenic.
Macromolecular Crowding: Biochemical, Biophysical, and Physiological Consequences (1993)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
The X‐box binding protein‐1 transcription factor is required for plasma cell differentiation and the unfolded protein response (2003)

X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) is a transcription factor essential for plasma cell differentiation. XBP-1 transcripts are found at high levels in plasma cells from rheumatoid synovium and myeloma cell lines. Lymphoid chimeras deficient in XBP-1 have a profound defect in plasma cell differentiation, with few plasma cells in their periphery and severely reduced serum immunoglobulin levels. When introduced into B-lineage cells, XBP-1 initiates plasma cell differentiation. XBP-1 is also the mammalian homologue of the yeast transcription factor Hac1p, an important component of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR allows cells to tolerate conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by misfolded proteins. Studies examining the relationship between plasma cell differentiation, XBP-1, and the UPR demonstrate that this novel signaling system is vital for plasma cell differentiation. Signals that induce plasma cell differentiation and the UPR cooperate via XBP-1 to induce terminal B-cell differentiation. Additionally, XBP-1 plays an important role in the regulation of interleukin-6 production, a cytokine essential for plasma cell survival.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of cyclic 1,3-diphenylallyl cations. 1,3-Orbital interaction (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance spectra of cyclic 1,3-diphenylallyl cations. 1,3-Orbital interactionDonald G. Farnum, Abdol Mostashari, and Alfred A. Hagedorn IIICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 5, 698–702Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00804a019Request reuse permissionsArticle Views374Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (777 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Procedure for activating polymers with primary and/or secondary hydroxyl groups (1988)

Abstract A new facile method using 2‐fluoro‐1‐methylpyridinium toluene‐4‐sulfonate (FMP) for activating polymeric hydroxyl groups has recently been developed (Refs. 1–2). Such activated polymers are useful for immobilization of enzymes, antibodies and other biomolecules and for affinity matrix development. The activation method involves reacting, at room temperature, the polymer with FMP in the presence of a tertiary amine for 0.5 to 1 hour. The activated hydroxyls react readily with nucleophiles, such as amino or thiol ligands at pH 5–10. The resulting linkages between the ligand and the polymer are respectively stable secondary amine and thioether bonds. The activated polymer remains active and usable for several months when stored at 4°C in either an acidic aqueous solution or an inert anhydrous organic solvent. The “half‐life” of the activated groups in non‐nucleophilic buffer solution varies from 10 to 300 hours in the pH range of 10 to 6, being most stable at low pH. Both primary and secondary hydroxyl groups of different polymers were facilely activated and shown to react readily with nucleophilic groups of biomolecules. Furthermore, FMP provides a convenient handle for the synthesis of unique conjugates consisting of FMP and a guiding molecule. These conjugates function as an activator of the hydroxyl group of a solid support as well as a molecular guide which orients the position of the ligand to be immobilized. The conjugates make it possible to immobilize ligands in an affinity‐directed way.
Propranolol in the Treatment of Acute Migraine Attacks (1991)

The efficacy of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol in the acute treatment of patients in attacks of either classical (migraine with aura) or common migraine (migraine without aura) headache was assessed in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial with fixed doses. The trial was carried out on 25 patients. The treatment period was set at eight weeks, with the provision of shortening or lengthening it if necessary with a maximum period of seventeen weeks. A minimum of three migraine attacks were treated during each treatment period. Patients were assessed according to: the mean duration and mean severity per treatment period of migraine attacks. The secondary efficacy assessment was made on the basis of the percentage of attacks requiring escape medication per treatment period. The study, based on the t-distribution statistical model with a confidence level of 95%, showed that propranolol had no significant effect in aborting acute attacks of migraine when compared with placebo.
Automatic Identification of Fluorescently Labeled Brain Cells for Rapid Functional Imaging (2010)

The on-line identification of labeled cells and vessels is a rate-limiting step in scanning microscopy. We use supervised learning to formulate an algorithm that rapidly and automatically tags fluorescently labeled somata in full-field images of cortex and constructs an optimized scan path through these cells. A single classifier works across multiple subjects, regions of the cortex of similar depth, and different magnification and contrast levels without the need to retrain the algorithm. Retraining only has to be performed when the morphological properties of the cells change significantly. In conjunction with two-photon laser scanning microscopy and bulk-labeling of cells in layers 2/3 of rat parietal cortex with a calcium indicator, we can automatically identify ∼ 50 cells within 1 min and sample them at ∼ 100 Hz with a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼ 10.
Telomerase is processive. (1991)

Telomerase synthesizes tandem repeats of the sequence d(TTGGGG) onto input d(TTGGGG)n primer oligonucleotides (C. W. Greider and E. H. Blackburn, Cell 43:405-413). An intrinsic RNA component of the enzyme provides the template for d(TTGGGG)n repeat synthesis [C. W. Greider and E. H. Blackburn, Nature (London) 337:331-337, 1989; G.-L. Lu, J. D. Bradley, L. D. Attardi, and E. H. Blackburn, Nature (London) 344:126-132, 1990]. In a typical reaction, products greater than 2,000 nucleotides were synthesized in 60 min. Dilution and primer challenge experiments showed that these long products were synthesized processively. The apparent processivity was not due to a higher affinity of the enzyme for long d(TTGGGG) products over the shorter competitors. The degree of processivity was quantitated; telomerase synthesized approximately 520 nucleotides before half of the enzyme had dissociated. After dissociating, telomerase reinitiated d(TTGGGG)n synthesis on new primer oligonucleotides. The products from a telomerase reaction have a characteristic 6-nucleotide banding pattern (C. W. Greider and E. H. Blackburn, Cell 51:887-898, 1987). A strong pause in the reaction occurs after the addition of the first G in the sequence d(TTGGGG). Both the processivity and the banding pattern analysis imply that in the elongation mechanism there must be a translocation step after the 9 nucleotides of internal template RNA have been copied to the extreme 5' end.