gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regioselective Coupling of Tetraalkylammonium Salts of 6-Iodo-2-aminopurine to a Cyclobutyl Triflate: Efficient Preparation of Homochiral BMS-180,194, a Potent Antiviral Carbocyclic Nucleoside (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselective Coupling of Tetraalkylammonium Salts of 6-Iodo-2-aminopurine to a Cyclobutyl Triflate: Efficient Preparation of Homochiral BMS-180,194, a Potent Antiviral Carbocyclic NucleosideGregory S. Bisacchi, Janak Singh, Jollie D. Godfrey Jr., Thomas P. Kissick, Toomas Mitt, Mary F. Malley, John D. Di Marco, Jack Z. Gougoutas, Richard H. Mueller, and Robert ZahlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 9, 2902–2905Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00114a047RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (552 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The formation of the low latitude boundary layer in Mercury's magnetosphere: a 3D hybrid simulation study (2009)

Mercurys magnetosphere is a poor known system which couples directly to the surface but is hardly affected by the tenuous ionosphere. We performed a 3D hybrid model to simulate the Hermean system without injecting any planetary ions. The results showed that the solar wind ions could penetrate into the magnetosphere, accumulate at low latitudes, and form an ion boundary layer. The low latitude boundary layer (LLBL) shows strong dawn-dusk asymmetry and constitutes a large proportion of the magnetosphere inside the magnetopause. The LLBL exhibits similar features in accordance with the MESSENGERs first flyby data. We discussed the formation process of the LLBL in detail and attempted to compare with the earth case with respect to the size and the existence of an ionosphere.
Abnormal accumulation of citrullinated proteins catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminase in hippocampal extracts from patients with Alzheimer's disease (2005)

Citrullinated proteins are the products of a posttranslational process in which arginine residues undergo modification into citrulline residues when catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) in a calcium ion-dependent manner. In our previous report, PAD2 expressed mainly in the rat cerebrum became activated early in the neurodegenerative process. To elucidate the involvement of protein citrullination in human neuronal degeneration, we examined whether citrullinated proteins are produced during Alzheimer's disease (AD). By Western blot analysis with antimodified citrulline antibody, citrullinated proteins of varied molecular weights were detected in hippocampal tissues from patients with AD but not normal humans. Two of the citrullinated proteins were identified as vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Interestingly, PAD2 was detected in hippocampal extracts from AD and normal brains, but the amount of PAD2 in the AD tissue was markedly greater. Histochemical analysis revealed citrullinated proteins throughout the hippocampus, especially in the dentate gyrus and stratum radiatum of CA1 and CA2 areas. However, no citrullinated proteins were detected in the normal hippocampus. PAD2 immunoreactivity was also ubiquitous throughout both the AD and the normal hippocampal areas. PAD2 enrichment coincided well with citrullinated protein positivity. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed that citrullinated protein- and PAD2-positive cells also coincided with GFAP-positive cells, but not all GFAP-positive cells were positive for PAD2. As with GFAP, which is an astrocyte-specific marker protein, PAD2 is distributed mainly in astrocytes. These collective results, the abnormal accumulation of citrullinated proteins and abnormal activation of PAD2 in hippocampi of patients with AD, strongly suggest that PAD has an important role in the onset and progression of AD and that citrullinated proteins may become a useful marker for human neurodegenerative diseases.
The impacts of SDMA on PCS system design (2002)

The goal of a personal communications service (PCS) system is to provide ubiquitous coverage for a wide variety of wireless services: voice, data, facsimile, and electronic mail to name but a few. The current design trend for these systems is to deploy a large number of small cells, each served by a base station incorporating a conventional antenna system. Although this approach addresses the coverage problem, it has a number of significant drawbacks. Large numbers of small cells result in reduced trunking efficiency, increased system complexity, increased system costs and increased deployment times. If antenna arrays coupled with adaptive signal processing techniques are employed at the base station, however, improved coverage, capacity and trunking efficiency can be obtained with cells of moderate to large size. Spatial division multiple access (SDMA) is a particular approach to the use of base station antenna arrays in PCS systems. The authors describe the fundamentals of the SDMA approach and its key impacts on the design of PCS systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Botulinum toxin decreases salivation from canine submandibular glands☆☆☆★ (1998)

The objective of this study was to determine whether botulinum toxin types A and D reduced the production of saliva from the submandibular glands of 18 dogs. The left submandibular glands of 8 dogs were injected with increasing doses of botulinum type A toxin (range 10 to 70 units), and the left glands of 10 dogs were injected with botulinum type D toxin (50 or 100 units). The right gland of each dog was injected with equivalent volumes of saline solution to serve as control. Six days after the injection, the lingual nerve was electrically stimulated for 10 minutes (3 mAmp, 20 Hz). The resulting volume of saliva was collected and weighed. Overall, the glands injected with types A or D toxin produced significantly less saliva than comparable glands injected with saline solution. Six of 8 dogs injected with type A toxin showed a significant decrease in saliva production (range 10.1% to 19.2%, one-sided p value = 0.0375) when compared with the controls. Nine of 10 dogs injected with type D toxin demonstrated a highly significant reduction in saliva production (total average decrease = 60%, two-sided p value = 0.001) when compared with the controls. We concluded that intraglandular injections of botulinum toxin types A and D significantly reduced the production of saliva from canine submandibular glands. The potential applications of intraglandular injections of botulinum toxin are discussed. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:452-7.)
Fat‐suppressed three‐dimensional dual echo dixon technique for contrast agent enhanced MRI (2005)

The three-dimensional dual echo Dixon technique provides excellent image quality and can be used for T1-weighted, fat-suppressed imaging with contrast agent injection.
LifeFlow (2011)

Event sequence analysis is an important task in many domains: medical researchers may study the patterns of transfers within the hospital for quality control; transportation experts may study accident response logs to identify best practices. In many cases they deal with thousands of records. While previous research has focused on searching and browsing, overview tasks are often overlooked. We introduce a novel interactive visual overview of event sequences called LifeFlow. LifeFlow is scalable, can summarize all possible sequences, and represents the temporal spacing of the events within sequences. In this video, we show an example of patient transfer data and briefly demonstrate how to analyze them with LifeFlow. Please see [11] or visit http:www.cs.umd.eduhcillifeflow for more detail.
Electrostatic fiber spinning from polymer melts. II. Examination of the flow field in an electrically driven jet (1981)

Abstract The flow field in an electrically driven jet has been examined and quantitatively analyzed. Using a model fluid, the nature of the streamlines and magnitude of the stream velocities were investigated with the aid of tracer particle photography. It was found that the velocity field is not purely extensional, but contains rotational components as well. Furthermore, the only portion of the jet completely free of any rotational component is the region about the symmetry axis. The extensional strain rate along the symmetry axis increases rapidly with the applied electric field intensity and can attain values in excess of 50 sec −1 . This suggests that it might be possible to draw continuous oriented fibers from polymer melts by this technique if the jet can be operated at sufficiently high electric field intensity.
Synthesis and Performance of Polymerizable Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids as Gas Separation Membranes (2007)

Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with polymerizable groups can be readily converted into solid, dense poly(RTILs) for use as gas separation membranes. A series of RTIL monomers with varying length n-alkyl substituents were synthesized and converted into polymer films. These membranes were tested for their performance in separations involving CO2, N2, and CH4. CO2 permeability was observed to increase in a nonlinear fashion as the n-alkyl substituent was lengthened. CO2/N2 separation performance was relatively unaffected as CO2 permeability increased. Plotting the performance of these membranes on a "Robeson plot" for CO2/N2 shows that first-generation poly(RTILs) "hug" the "upper bound" of the chart, indicating that they perform as well or better than many other polymers for this separation. The CO2/CH4 separation is less impressive when compared to other polymer membranes on a "Robeson plot", but poly(RTILs) perform as well or better than molten RTILs do in bulk fluid gas absorptions for that gas pair. Furthermore, poly(RTILs) were determined to be able to absorb about twice as much CO2 as their liquid analogues, an important factor which may give them potential use as gas and vapor sorbents.
[Biosensors for detecting organic compounds. II. Sensors for carbohydrates, aromatic, heterocyclic and other organic compounds]. (1998)

The use of biosensors for detecting aromatic compounds (aniline, hydroquinone, phenol, and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine), heterocyclic compounds (adenosine, AMP, ATP, bilirubin, hypoxanthine, guanine, inosine, inosine 5'-phosphate, xanthine, creatinine, uric acid, and NAD), carbohydrates (glucose, galactose, lactose, maltose, and sucrose), vitamins, antibiotics, steroids, mutagens, and organophosphorous pesticides is discussed. Basic metrological characteristics of these biosensors are reviewed.
Trinucleotide repeats associated with human disease (1997)

Triplet repeat expansion diseases (TREDs) are characterized by the coincidence of disease manifestation with amplification of d(CAG. CTG), d(CGG.CCG) or d(GAA.TTC) repeats contained within specific genes. Amplification of triplet repeats continues in offspring of affected individuals, which generally results in progressive severity of the disease and/or an earlier age of onset, phenomena clinically referred to as 'anticipation'. Recent biophysical and biochemical studies reveal that five of the six [d(CGG)n, d(CCG)n, (CAG)n, d(CTG)n and d(GAA)n] complementary sequences that are associated with human disease form stable hairpin structures. Although the triplet repeat sequences d(GAC)n and d(GTC)n also form hairpins, repeats of the double-stranded forms of these sequences are conspicuously absent from DNA sequence databases and are not anticipated to be associated with human disease. With the exception of d(GAG)n and d(GTG)n, the remaining triplet repeat sequences are unlikely to form hairpin structures at physiological salt and temperature. The details of hairpin structures containing trinucleotide repeats are summarized and discussed with respect to potential mechanisms of triplet repeat expansion and d(CGG.CCG) n methylation/demethylation.
Disruption of surface-induced smectic order by periodic surface corrugations (2002)

A Fr\'eedericksz transition measurement is reported for a liquid crystal cell composed of surfactant-coated substrates. One substrate was locally scribed with the stylus of an atomic force microscope to create a nanoscopic grooved structure. The Fr\'eedericksz threshold voltage was found to be smaller in the scribed region than in the unscribed region, indicating that the corrugated surface disrupts surface-induced smectic order, and that the effect grows toward the nematic--smectic-$A$ transition temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{NA}}$ in conjunction with the smectic correlation length.
Differences in Clinical Manifestations amongCryptosporidiumSpecies and Subtypes in HIV‐Infected Persons (2007)

We performed a cross-sectional study to determine the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons at 3 diagnostic levels: microscopy, genotypes of Cryptosporidium, and subtype families of C. hominis and C. parvum. The study enrolled 2,490 HIV-infected persons in Lima, Peru, and 230 were microscopy positive for Cryptosporidium infection. Specimens from 193 participants were available for genotyping. They had C. hominis (141 persons), C. parvum (22 persons), C. meleagridis (17 persons), C. canis (6 persons), C. felis (6 persons), and C. suis (1 person) infection. Although microscopy results showed that Cryptosporidium infections were associated with diarrhea, only infections with C. canis, C. felis, and subtype family Id of C. hominis were associated with diarrhea, and infection with C. parvum was associated with chronic diarrhea and vomiting. These results demonstrate that different Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtype families are linked to different clinical manifestations.
New phenotypic typing scheme for group B streptococci. (1993)

This typing system may help to distinguish between colonising and invasive strains of the organism.
Guidelines for investigating causality of sequence variants in human disease (2014)

The discovery of rare genetic variants is accelerating, and clear guidelines for distinguishing disease-causing sequence variants from the many potentially functional variants present in any human genome are urgently needed. Without rigorous standards we risk an acceleration of false-positive reports of causality, which would impede the translation of genomic research findings into the clinical diagnostic setting and hinder biological understanding of disease. Here we discuss the key challenges of assessing sequence variants in human disease, integrating both gene-level and variant-level support for causality. We propose guidelines for summarizing confidence in variant pathogenicity and highlight several areas that require further resource development.
Mutant Neurogenin-3 in Congenital Malabsorptive Diarrhea (2006)

A newly discovered disorder characterized by malabsorptive diarrhea and a lack of intestinal enteroendocrine cells is caused by loss-of-function mutations in NEUROG3.
State Estimation Theory in Human Movement Analysis (1998)

Abstract This work describes the application of state estimation theory to the analysis of skeletal movement based on markers placed on the skin. Skin-based retro-reflective markers contain error introduced by the non-rigidity of the limb segment. A technique for obtaining an optimal estimate of skeletal motion from skin-based marker data is presented.
In Vivo Knockdown of Pathogenic Proteins via Specific and Nongenetic Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP)-dependent Protein Erasers (SNIPERs) (2017)

Many diseases, especially cancers, result from aberrant or overexpression of pathogenic proteins. Specific inhibitors against these proteins have shown remarkable therapeutic effects, but these are limited mainly to enzymes. An alternative approach that may have utility in drug development relies on selective degradation of pathogenic proteins via small chimeric molecules linking an E3 ubiquitin ligase to the targeted protein for proteasomal degradation. To this end, we recently developed a protein knockdown system based on hybrid small molecule SNIPERs (<u>S</u>pecific and <u>N</u>ongenetic <u>I</u>AP-dependent <u>P</u>rotein <u>Er</u>asers) that recruit inhibitor of the apoptosis protein (IAP) ubiquitin ligases to specifically degrade targeted proteins. Here, we extend our previous study to show a proof of concept of the SNIPER technology <i>in vivo</i> By incorporating a high affinity IAP ligand, we developed a novel SNIPER against estrogen receptor α (ERα), SNIPER(ER)-87, that has a potent protein knockdown activity. The SNIPER(ER) reduced ERα levels in tumor xenografts and suppressed the growth of ERα-positive breast tumors in mice. Mechanistically, it preferentially recruits X-linked IAP (XIAP) rather than cellular IAP1, to degrade ERα via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. With this IAP ligand, potent SNIPERs against other pathogenic proteins, BCR-ABL, bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), and phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) could also be developed. These results indicate that forced ubiquitylation by SNIPERs is a useful method to achieve efficient protein knockdown with potential therapeutic activities and could also be applied to study the role of ubiquitylation in many cellular processes.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of &#947;-Phthalimido-&#946;-Hydroxy Esters and N-Protected 4-Amino-1,3-Diols Starting from Natural &#945;-Amino Acids (2010)

An efficient diastereoselective synthes.is of γ-phthalimido-β-hydroxy esters and N-protected 4-amino-1,3- diols, starting from natural amino acids is described. The key synthetic strategies involve diastereoselective reduction of γ-phthalimido-β-keto esters with NaBH4 as hydride reducing. The diastereoselective reduction has been found to be highly selective if carried out in methanol at -78°C. Furthermore, the resulting diastereomeric mixture of the reduced products was successfully and cleanly separated by column chromatography.
A brief review of procedures and potential problems associated with the diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (2000)

Experience has shown that, for a number of reasons, a diagnosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is sometimes difficult. In this review we discuss: (1) field observations and laboratory tests that are useful in arriving at a definitive diagnosis; (2) the impact of so-called atypical PRRS on diagnostic procedures in North America; (3) the means by which diagnostic problems can often be circumvented by appropriate sample selection; and (4) methods used for presumptive identification of PRRS virus strains.
Proteins induced by anaerobiosis in Escherichia coli (1983)

The contribution of protein induction and repression to the adaptation of cells to changes in oxygen supply is only poorly understood. We assessed this contribution by measuring the levels of 170 individual polypeptides produced by Escherichia coli K-12 in cells growing aerobically or anaerobically with and without nitrate. Eighteen reached their highest levels during anaerobic growth. These 18 polypeptides include at least 4 glycolytic enzymes and pyruvate formate-lyase (beta-subunit). Most of these proteins were found at significant levels during aerobic growth and appeared to undergo metabolic regulation by stimuli other than anaerobiosis. Anaerobic induction ratios ranged from 1.8- to 11-fold, and nitrate antagonized the anaerobic induction of all of the proteins except one. The time course of synthesis of the proteins after shifts in oxygen supply revealed at least three distinct temporal patterns. These results are discussed in light of known physiological alterations associated with changes in oxygen availability.
A Systematic Review of Local Excision After Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer: Are ypT0 Tumors the Limit? (2016)

Local excision after neoadjuvant therapy should only be considered a curative treatment if complete pathological response is obtained. Given the high rate of local recurrence among incomplete responders, future studies should focus on predicting patients who will achieve complete pathological response.
Realization of a smart grid metrology infrastructure in Europe (2012)

An overview is presented of the progress in recent smart grid metrology research in Europe. The research addresses as series of metrological challenges related to ensuring security and quality of supply in future smart electrical grids. A consortium of 22 metrology and research institutes has made significant steps in modeling of smart grids, enhancement of the revenue metering infrastructure, performance and evaluation of on-site power quality campaigns, and the development of a metrological framework for traceability of smart grid phasor measurements.
Monocytes from Dialysis Patients Exhibit Characteristics of Senescent Cells: Does It Really Mean Inflammation? (2005)

Hemodialysis treatment induces mononuclear cell activation particularly if cellulosic hemodialysis membrane is used. In normal cells, repeated activation induce a process of accelerate cellular senescence. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the mononuclear cell activation associated to hemodialysis with cellulosic membranes favors a process of accelerate senescence in mononuclear cells. Our results show that mononuclear cells from patients dialyzed with cellulosic membranes, exhibit: decrease telomere length, increase percentage of cells CD14dim/CD16bright and increase production of IL-1beta, IL1Ra and IL6 cytokines. After culture in vitro, these cells shown increase susceptibility to undergoing spontaneous apoptosis, that is enhanced by IL-4 and prevented by IL-1beta or LPS. All of these characteristics have been reported associated to senescence of monocytes, and not are observed in cells from controls subjects or patients dialyzed with non-cellulosic membranes, suggesting that hemodialysis with cellulosic membranes induce a process of senescence in mononuclear cells.