gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multispot projection, tracking, and calibration (2003)

A Phase-only spatial light modulator can provide active spot pattern projection with high signal-to-noise ratio and form near-arbitrary phase modulation surfaces. As a result they can diffract laser beams into a near-arbitrary pattern of laser spots. Depending on the sequence of phase images loaded onto the SLM, the spots can be scanned on independent and continuous two-dimensional trajectories. We refer to this flexible beamsteering system as the real-time adaptive multi-spot laser beamsteering system (RAMS-LBS). This paper presents work under progress, in developing 2D and 3D calibration algorithms for a spot pattern projection system. In the 2D calibration process, spot grids are projected with successively more spot locations. After each projection, a higher order model is determined for camera to projector coordinate transforms. The accuracies of different model orders are measured. In the 3D calibration process, grids of spots are projected onto non-coplanar target grid to construct the transformation matrix between different coordinates. Perspective distortions are included in the transformation vectors after the calibration. Therefore, 3D information of the target can be obtained in the calibrated system. Applications such as 3D target surface topology measurement and target detection using 2D and 3D information are described in this paper.
Comparison of proliferative and multilineage differentiation potentials of cord matrix, cord blood, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (2010)

CM-MSCs are a dependable source of an unlimited number of MSCs for autologous and allogenic use in regenerative medicine.
NLS-RARα Promotes Proliferation and Inhibits Differentiation in HL-60 Cells (2014)

A unique mRNA produced in leukemic cells from a t(15;17) acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patient encodes a fusion protein between the retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) and a myeloid gene product called PML. Studies have reported that neutrophil elastase (NE) cleaves bcr-1-derived PML-RARα in early myeloid cells, leaving only the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of PML attached to RARα. The resultant NLS-RARα fusion protein mainly localizes to, and functions within, the cell nucleus. It is speculated that NLS-RARα may act in different ways from the wild-type RARα, but its biological characteristics have not been reported. This study takes two approaches. Firstly, the NLS-RARα was silenced with pNLS-RARα-shRNA. The mRNA and protein expression of NLS-RARα were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Cell proliferation in vitro was assessed by MTT assay. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the differentiation of cells. Secondly, the NLS-RARα was over-expressed by preparation of recombinant adenovirus HL-60/pAd-NLS-RARα. The assays of mRNA and protein expression of NLS-RARα, and cell proliferation, were as above. By contrast, cell differentiation was stimulated by all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) (2.5µmol/L) at 24h after virus infection of pAd-NLS-RARα, and then detected by CD11b labeling two days later. The transcription and translation of C-MYC was detected in HL-60/pAd-NLS-RARα cells which treated by ATRA. Our results showed that compared to the control groups, the expression of NLS-RARα was significantly reduced in the HL-60/pNLS-RARα-shRNA cells, and increased dramatically in the HL-60/pAd-NLS-RARα cells. The proliferation was remarkably inhibited in the HL-60/pNLS-RARα-shRNA cells in a time-dependent manner, but markedly promoted in the HL-60/pAd-NLS-RARα cells. FCM outcome revealed the differentiation increased in HL-60/pNLS-RARα-shRNA cells, and decreased in the HL-60/pAd-NLS-RARα cells treated with 2.5µmol/L ATRA. The expression of C-MYC increased strikingly in HL-60/pAd-NLS-RARα cells treated with 2.5µmol/L ATRA. Down-regulation of NLS-RARα expression inhibited the proliferation and induced the differentiation of HL-60 cells. On the contrary, over-expression of NLS-RARα promoted proliferation and reduced the ATRA-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells.
Cell surface metallopeptidases involved in blood pressure regulation: structure, inhibition and clinical perspectives. (1998)

Arterial tone and water-electrolyte homeostasis are regulated by several peptides, including angiotensin II (AII), bradykinin (BK), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and endothelins (ETs). Changing the concentrations of these peptides in the plasma, tissue, or urine by decreasing the levels of angiotensin II and endothelins and increasing BK and ANP concentrations, is one way of modulating the hemodynamic load. The metabolism of these peptides in essentially controlled by three enzymes, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), neutral endopeptidase (NEP), and endothelin converting enzyme (ECE), which all belong to the group of zinc metallopeptidases. Inhibition of these peptidases by a single compound (a dual inhibitor) that inhibits at once angiotensin II formation and BK and ANP inactivation, causes vasodilatation with reduction in blood pressure with reduction in blood pressure and increases natriuresis. The design of these inhibitors has often be relied on structure-activity studies, based on active-site models derived from structural data on thermolysin (TLN). The results of a large number of pharmacological experiments and those issued from some clinical studies using selective or mixed inhibitors show that in spontaneously hypertensive rats, dual ACE/NEP inhibitors such as S21,402 produce dose-related decreases (-15 to -40 mmHg) in mean arterial pressure and reductions in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac size. These compounds produce also an increase in urinary levels of BK, ANP and cGMP associated with enhanced urine output and sodium excretion. Moreover inhibition of NEP appears to improve the cardio- and reno-protective effects resulting from ACE inhibition and could also reduce hypertrophy of vascular walls. Inhibition of ECE seems to result in a weak reduction in blood pressure, an effect which could be emphasized by using dual ECE/ACE or ECE/NEP inhibitors. According to these results mixed dual inhibitors could be of great interest for the treatment of severe hypertension and chronic heart failure. Potent triple inhibitors blocking ACE, NEP and ECE could also be developed.
The Respimat, a New Soft Mist Inhaler for Delivering Drugs to The Lungs (2002)

The inhalation of drugs provides the most direct noninvasive route either for treating respiratory disorders topically or for administering drugs systematically. To ensure that the drug reaches the lungs, it must be administered as an aerosol. This means that the required amount of drug per application consists of drug particles, either solid or liquid droplets in a size range of 1-5 µm, which are inhaled by the patient. In the past, pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) have been popular devices for generating inhalable aerosols. These devices depend on chemical propellants to generate an aerosol from a drug solution or suspension; however, their future is now uncertain.
The Parallel Protocol Engine (1993)

The design and implementation of a multiprocessor-based communication subsystem called the Parallel Protocol Engine (PPE), for the parallel and pipelined execution of protocols, are described. As an example, an implementation of the ISO 8802-2.2 logical link control on a four-processor version of the PPE is presented and analyzed. The performance of the implementation is more than 16,000 type-2 information protocol data units/s, commensurate with emerging high-speed networks that operate in the 100-Mb/s range. The overall end-to-end performance of an integrated system, where two workstations, each equipped with a PPE, communicate over a high-speed link, is analyzed and the problems concerning the soft- and hardware interface to the PPE are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tunable Spin-Flip Laser and Infrared Spectroscopy (1970)

We investigate the use of a tunable spin-flip Raman laser in infrared absorption spectroscopy. The Raman laser is tunable from 10.9 to 13.0 \ensuremath{\mu}m with linearity and resettability of tuning better than \ensuremath{\sim}4 \AA{}A at \ensuremath{\sim}12.0 \ensuremath{\mu}m. This limit is set by the present measurement capability. A study of the absorption spectrum of N${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ in the 12.0-\ensuremath{\mu}m region shows that the spin-flip Raman laser is superior to a conventional grating spectrometer in attainable resolution.
Nigral overexpression of alpha-synuclein in the absence of parkin enhances alpha-synuclein phosphorylation but does not modulate dopaminergic neurodegeneration (2015)

These findings support a functional relationship between parkin and alpha-synuclein phosphorylation in rodent brain.
Angiotensin II Type 1a Receptor Mediates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy. (2002)

Although the serious cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX), a useful chemotherapeutic agent, limits the use of this agent, the mechanism of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy remains unclear. Since accumulating evidence suggests that activation of the renin-angiotensin system is involved in the development of various types of cardiovascular remodeling, we examined the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity using Ang II type 1a receptor (AT1) knockout (KO) mice. To examine the role of AT1 in the acute effects of DOX, we injected a single 20 mg/kg dose of DOX into AT1KO mice, wild type (WT) mice and WT mice treated with an AT1 antagonist, RNH-6270; to examine the role of AT1 in the chronic effects of DOX, we injected mice of the same groups with 1 mg/kg DOX once a week for 12 weeks. Echocardiography revealed that cardiac function was significantly impaired in WT mice, but not in AT1KO mice or WT mice administered RNH-6270, by both acute and chronic DOX treatment. Histological analysis showed that DOX induced myofibrillar loss and increased the number of apoptotic cells in WT mice, but not in AT1KO mice or WT mice administered RNH-6270. Expression of the ANP gene was downregulated by DOX treatment in WT mice, and this alteration was attenuated in AT1KO mice and in RNH-6270-treated mice. We conclude that the AT1-mediated Ang II signaling pathway plays an important role in DOX-induced cardiac impairment, suggesting that an AT1 antagonist can be used to prevent DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.
Differentiation versus proliferation of transgenic mouse lens cells expressing polyoma large T antigen: evidence for regulation by an endogenous growth factor. (1990)

Expression of the immortalizing oncogene polyoma large T antigen (PyLT) in the lens of transgenic mice impairs fiber cell differentiation but does not induce hyperplasia or tumor development. To examine this phenotype further, we studied the expression of the lens-specific crystallin genes in normal mice and mice of the transgenic alpha PyLT1 lineage. Immunochemical analyses showed that the spatial pattern of expression of alpha, beta, and gamma crystallins was abnormal in lenses from alpha PyLT1 mice, and that abnormally differentiated lens cells expressed beta and gamma crystallins. We also found that the levels of expression of the crystallin proteins in the transgenic mice were reduced compared to those in normal mice. In vitro, epithelial lens cells from alpha PyLT1 mice expressed not only PyLT and alpha crystallins, but also beta and gamma crystallins, which occur specifically in differentiated cells. Yet, despite their nonproliferative nature in vivo and their expression of differentiated lens cell markers, lens cells from alpha PyLT1 mice proliferated indefinitely in vitro. The growth of the alpha PyLT1 lens cells in culture was inhibited by treatment with exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor, which is thought to be involved in growth and differentiation of lens cells in vivo. These results suggest that factors in the microenvironment of the eye may be important in the process of tumor formation in vivo.
Reconstruction of the supraorbital ridge using aluminum. (1978)

Aluminum was used to reconstruct the supraorbital ridge and adjacent frontal bone in six patients. Its malleability makes it particularly useful for this purpose. Each cranioplasty was done several months after injury. The longest follow-up is 19 years and the shortest three years. There were no complications. The results are satisfactory.
Embryogenesis in Higher Plants: An Overview. (1993)

The sporophytic generation of higher plants is initiated with the double fertilization event that results in the formation of a single-celled zygote and a progenitor cell of the endosperm. Embryogenesis describes the subsequent period of development, during which the zygote undergoes a complex series of morphological and cellular changes resulting in the formation of a developmentally arrested mature embryo comprised of an embryonic axis with shoot and root poles and cotyledon(s), which often contains high levels of storage macromolecules such as proteins and lipids. Thus, the events that occur during embryonic development establish the organization of the plant body and prepare the embryo for both dormancy and germination. Higher plant embryogenesis has been studied intensively during the past century. Studies using light and electron microscopy have provided detailed descriptions of the morphological and anatomical changes that characterize embryonic development (Maheshwari, 1950; Wardlaw, 1955; Natesh and Rau, 1984; Raghavan, 1986). Cellular differentiation has been studied largely in relationship to the biosynthesis and accumulation of storage proteins, lipids, and starch, macromolecular reserves that ultimately serve as nutrients for postgerminative seedlings (Jenner, 1982; Slack and Browse, 1984; Casey et al., 1986; Shotwell and Larkins, 1989). The focus of attention on these reserves reflects their agricultura1 importance and the fact that the abundance of these macromolecules facilitates studies of their accumulation. By contrast, much less is known about the processes that underlie embryo morphogenesis, although increasing attention is being devoted to this area. In this review, we will provide an overview of the processes that occur during embryonic development, focusing primarily on dicotyledonous plants. Additionally, we will discuss some of the critical processes involved in embryo formation, about which relatively little is known. This review is meant to provide a conceptual summary of embryonic development rather than to cover all aspects of embryogenesis in detail or to describe events that occur in all species of plants. Readers are referred to other reviews on embryogenesis for additional coverage of the topic (Natesh and Rau, 1984; Dure, 1985; Raghavan, 1986; Crouch, 1987; Goldberg et al., 1989; Meinke, 1991a; De Jong et al., 1993; Lindsey and Topping, 1993).
α,β-Methylene-ADP (AOPCP) Derivatives and Analogues: Development of Potent and Selective ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) Inhibitors (2015)

ecto-5'-Nucleotidase (eN, CD73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine. eN inhibitors have potential for use as cancer therapeutics. The eN inhibitor α,β-methylene-ADP (AOPCP, adenosine-5'-O-[(phosphonomethyl)phosphonic acid]) was used as a lead structure, and derivatives modified in various positions were prepared. Products were tested at rat recombinant eN. 6-(Ar)alkylamino substitution led to the largest improvement in potency. N(6)-Monosubstitution was superior to symmetrical N(6),N(6)-disubstitution. The most potent inhibitors were N(6)-(4-chlorobenzyl)- (10l, PSB-12441, Ki 7.23 nM), N(6)-phenylethyl- (10h, PSB-12425, Ki 8.04 nM), and N(6)-benzyl-adenosine-5'-O-[(phosphonomethyl)phosphonic acid] (10g, PSB-12379, Ki 9.03 nM). Replacement of the 6-NH group in 10g by O (10q, PSB-12431) or S (10r, PSB-12553) yielded equally potent inhibitors (10q, 9.20 nM; 10r, 9.50 nM). Selected compounds investigated at the human enzyme did not show species differences; they displayed high selectivity versus other ecto-nucleotidases and ADP-activated P2Y receptors. Moreover, high metabolic stability was observed. These compounds represent the most potent eN inhibitors described to date.
The Anatomical Morphology of the Supraorbital Notch (2012)

This study verifies the presence of a primary compression site for the supraorbital nerve that is proximal to the glabellar myofascial complex. Knowledge of this compression site and its possible anatomical variations will enable surgeons to perform a more complete supraorbital nerve decompression for migraine amelioration.
Novel multi-component nanopharmaceuticals derived from poly(ethylene) glycol, retro-inverso-Tat nonapeptide and saquinavir demonstrate combined anti-HIV effects (2006)

Our results demonstrate that highly potent nanoscale multi-drug conjugates with low non-specific toxicity can be produced by combining moieties with anti-HIV agents for different targets onto macromolecules having improved delivery properties.
Diversity of gene expression in adenocarcinoma of the lung (2001)

The global gene expression profiles for 67 human lung tumors representing 56 patients were examined by using 24,000-element cDNA microarrays. Subdivision of the tumors based on gene expression patterns faithfully recapitulated morphological classification of the tumors into squamous, large cell, small cell, and adenocarcinoma. The gene expression patterns made possible the subclassification of adenocarcinoma into subgroups that correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation as well as patient survival. Gene expression analysis thus promises to extend and refine standard pathologic analysis.
Regulatory T cells: how do they suppress immune responses? (2009)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs), either natural or induced, suppress a variety of physiological and pathological immune responses. One of the key issues for understanding Treg function is to determine how they suppress other lymphocytes at the molecular level in vivo and in vitro. Here we propose that there may be a key suppressive mechanism that is shared by every forkhead box p3 (Foxp3)(+) Treg in vivo and in vitro in mice and humans. When this central mechanism is abrogated, it causes a breach in self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Other suppressive mechanisms may synergistically operate with this common mechanism depending on the environment and the type of an immune response. Further, Treg-mediated suppression is a multi-step process and impairment or augmentation of each step can alter the ultimate effectiveness of Treg-mediated suppression. These findings will help to design effective ways for controlling immune responses by targeting Treg suppressive functions.
Inventory control : models and methods (1992)

Experts in operations research and developers of software application systems have been treading separate paths for many years. It is urgently necessary to reset this course so that the demanding requirements of variousCIM concepts can be realized. This is specially relevant for computer-based stock management. Both authors, with a number of years of practical experience behind them, have written this book with this objective in mind. The book shows how modern inventory control can be rationally structured with the help of OR. Two aspects are given importance:1) the necessary mathematical derivations are completely explained in detail so that the reader will be able to optimally handle a given situation with the help of the methods learned in this book, and 2) aside from the models, strong emphasis is given on numerical methods. Suitable algorithms are thoroughly explained for the more important cases
Evaluation of Events Occurring at Mucosal Surfaces: Techniques Used To Collect and Analyze Mucosal Secretions and Cells (2002)

The mucosal immune system is distinct from the systemic one, and it is generally considered that there exists a common mucosal system, such that immunization at any mucosal inductive site would trigger an immune response at any mucosal effector site (for a review, see references 11, 52, and 83). However, some compartmentalization does exist within the mucosal immune system (20, 34, 37, 69), and these differences (systemic versus mucosal and one mucosal site versus another) point out the importance of having appropriate tools to monitor and measure any kind of mucosal event, particularly immune responses, in addition to systemic ones. Different reviews have addressed in details the many characteristics of the mucosal immune system and their implications in vaccine development (11, 52, 83). Although these points are key elements for anyone working in this field, the present report focuses only on techniques used to measure at the mucosal level the different changes induced by a pathogen or by immunization. In this respect, mucosal immunization can be used to reach two different goals: the induction of a mucosal response against a mucosal pathogen (or a pathogen penetrat
A Rapid Synthesis of Oligopeptide Derivatives without Isolation of Intermediates (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Rapid Synthesis of Oligopeptide Derivatives without Isolation of IntermediatesJohn C. Sheehan, John Preston, and Philip A. CruickshankCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 11, 2492–2493Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01089a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01089a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1030Altmetric-Citations171LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrogen Bonding, Base Stacking, and Steric Effects in DNA Replication (2001)

Understanding the mechanisms by which genetic information is replicated is important both to basic knowledge of biological organisms and to many useful applications in biomedical research and biotechnology. One of the main functions of a DNA polymerase enzyme is to help DNA recognize itself with high specificity when a strand is being copied. Recent studies have shed new light on the question of what physical forces cause a polymerase enzyme to insert a nucleotide into a strand of DNA and to choose the correct nucleotide over the incorrect ones. This is discussed in the light of three main forces that govern DNA recognition: base stacking, Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding, and steric interactions. These factors are studied with natural and structurally altered DNA nucleosides.
Support vector tracking (2004)

Support Vector Tracking (SVT) integrates the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier into an optic-flow-based tracker. Instead of minimizing an intensity difference function between successive frames, SVT maximizes the SVM classification score. To account for large motions between successive frames, we build pyramids from the support vectors and use a coarse-to-fine approach in the classification stage. We show results of using SVT for vehicle tracking in image sequences.