gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Proteomimetics:  Terphenyl Derivatives as Structural and Functional Mimics of Extended Regions of an α-Helix (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTToward Proteomimetics: Terphenyl Derivatives as Structural and Functional Mimics of Extended Regions of an α-HelixBrendan P. Orner, Justin T. Ernst, and Andrew D. HamiltonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Yale University P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06510-8107 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 22, 5382–5383Publication Date (Web):May 11, 2001Publication History Received13 July 2000Published online11 May 2001Published inissue 1 June 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0025548https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0025548rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3423Altmetric-Citations282LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Conformation,Magnetic properties,Peptides and proteins,Reaction products,Substituents Get e-Alerts
A DC-Balanced, Partitioned-Block, 8B/10B Transmission Code (1983)

This paper describes a byte-oriented binary transmission code and its implementation. This code is particularly well suited for high-speed local area networks and similar data links, where the information format consists of packets, variable in length, from about a dozen up to several hundred 8-bit bytes. The proposed transmission code translates each source byte into a constrained 10-bit binary sequence which has excellent performance parameters near the theoretical limits for 8B/10B codes. The maximum run length is 5 and the maximum digital sum variation is 6. A single error in the encoded bits can, at most, generate an error burst of length 5 in the decoded domain. A very simple implementation of the code has been accomplished by partitioning the coder into 5B/6B and 3B/4B subordinate coders.
Angiotensin‐(1‐7): Pharmacology and New Perspectives in Cardiovascular Treatments (2007)

Many advances have been made in the cardiovascular field in the last several decades. Among them is the progress completed to date on the heptapeptide member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]. The peptide's beneficial actions against pathophysiological processes, such as cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, renal disease, preeclampsia, and even cancer are continuously being uncovered. This review encompasses the pharmacology of Ang-(1-7) and expounds upon the peptide's potential as a therapeutic agent against pathological processes both within and outside the cardiovascular continuum.
The cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of chlorambucil‐monoclonal autibody conjugates (1987)

To investigate the mode of entry and action of the alkylating agent chlorambucil (CBL), conjugated to monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), CBL was coupled with three different MoAbs--to the transferrin receptor, to L3T4 and to Ly-2 molecules--and the activity of these conjugates was compared with free CBL. It was clear that CBL and CBL-MoAb conjugates enter cells and are transported differently within the cell prior to their cytotoxic action. Evidence favouring a separate entry point of CBL and CBL-MoAb conjugates is the differential effect of temperature and metabolic inhibitors (2-deoxyglucose and sodium azide) on the processing of both moieties. In addition, the likely sites of cleavage of CBL-MoAb complexes, the lysosomes, were effected by NH4Cl and chloroquine, which inhibited the activity of CBL-MoAb but not free CBL. Thus, it is likely that CBL-MoAb conjugates enter via the antibody binding sites and the CBL is internalised and transported as a passenger.
Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor is a potent histamine-releasing factor for basophils. (1992)

Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) is a recently cloned cytokine that causes chemotaxis of basophils. In our pursuit of cytokines affecting basophil function, we studied the effect of MCAF on histamine secretion from basophils. Leukocytes from 20 donors, 10 allergic and 10 normal subjects, were studied. MCAF caused dose-dependent release of histamine at concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-7) M, and the mean release was 31.25 +/- 2.9% at the highest concentration. In the same experiments the mean histamine release by anti-IgE and histamine releasing factor (HRF) was 27.05 +/- 4% and 32.70 +/- 2.7%, respectively. All 20 subjects responded to MCAF with significant histamine release. Allergic subjects released significantly more histamine than normals in response to anti-IgE (P less than 0.01) but not to MCAF (P = 0.2) and HRF (P = 0.1). The histamine release was significantly correlated between MCAF and HRF (P less than 0.01), but not between MCAF and anti-IgE (P greater than 0.05). The histamine release by MCAF was complete within the first 3 min. MCAF-induced degranulation was a calcium-dependent process. Leukocytes depleted of monocytes responded equally well to MCAF. Using an anti-MCAF affinity column we determined that greater than 50% of HRF activity of crude PBMC supernatant could be attributed to MCAF. Thus, we established that MCAF is a potent secretagogue for basophils.
Asymptomatic Carriage ofClostridium difficileand Serum Levels of IgG Antibody against Toxin A (2000)

We find no evidence of immune protection against colonization by C. difficile. However, after colonization there is an association between a systemic anamnestic response to toxin A, as evidenced by increased serum levels of IgG antibody against toxin A, and asymptomatic carriage of C. difficile.
Variables influencing tumor dosimetry in radioimmunotherapy of CEA-expressing cancers with anti-CEA and antimucin monoclonal antibodies. (1997)

In radioimmunotherapy, tumor uptake appears to be the most important dose-determining factor. Differences in antibody affinity are reflected by differences in the biological half-life, not the absolute uptake. Especially favorable conditions for anti-CEA antibodies seem to prevail in colorectal cancer patients having minimal disease, as well as in medullary thyroid cancer, where cytotoxic tumor doses might be expected. Antimucin antibodies may have a particular advantage in the treatment of patients with larger colorectal tumors.
MqsR, a Crucial Regulator for Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation, Is a GCU-specific mRNA Interferase in Escherichia coli (2009)

The mqsR gene has been shown to be positively regulated by the quorum-sensing autoinducer AI-2, which in turn activates a two-component system, the qseB-qseC operon. This operon plays an important role in biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. However, its cellular function has remained unknown. Here, we found that 1 base downstream of mqsR there is a gene, ygiT, that is co-transcribed with mqsR. Induction of mqsR caused cell growth arrest, whereas ygiT co-induction recovered cell growth. We demonstrate that MqsR (98 amino acid residues), which has no homology to the well characterized mRNA interferase MazF, is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis that functions by degrading cellular mRNAs. In vivo and in vitro primer extension experiments showed that MqsR is an mRNA interferase specifically cleaving mRNAs at GCU. The mRNA interferase activity of purified MqsR was inhibited by purified YgiT (131 residues). MqsR forms a stable 2:1 complex with YgiT, and the complex likely functions as a repressor for the mqsR-ygiT operon by specifically binding to two different palindromic sequences present in the 5'-untranslated region of this operon.
The Global Internet Shopper: Evidence from Shopping Tasks in Twelve Countries (2001)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Globally, the characteristics of a website that are critical to increasing the likelihood that customers will shop at that site and will come back for future purchases are largely unknown. Actual shopping tasks by 299 respondents from 12 countries indicate that site quality, trust, and positive affect toward it are critical in explaining both the purchase intentions and loyalty of visitors to the site. This research indicates that the impact of these factors varies across different regions of the world and across different product categories. Results of this research highlight the need to tailor websites according to each world region and product being offered for sale.
Input-agreement (2009)

Since its introduction at CHI 2004, the ESP Game has inspired many similar games that share the goal of gathering data from players. This paper introduces a new mechanism for collecting labeled data using "games with a purpose." In this mechanism, players are provided with either the same or a different object, and asked to describe that object to each other. Based on each other's descriptions, players must decide whether they have the same object or not. We explain why this new mechanism is superior for input data with certain characteristics, introduce an enjoyable new game called "TagATune" that collects tags for music clips via this mechanism, and present findings on the data that is collected by this game.
A Maize (E)-β-Caryophyllene Synthase Implicated in Indirect Defense Responses against Herbivores Is Not Expressed in Most American Maize Varieties (2008)

The sesquiterpene (E)-beta-caryophyllene is emitted by maize (Zea mays) leaves in response to attack by lepidopteran larvae like Spodoptera littoralis and released from roots after damage by larvae of the coleopteran Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. We identified a maize terpene synthase, Terpene Synthase 23 (TPS23), that produces (E)-beta-caryophyllene from farnesyl diphosphate. The expression of TPS23 is controlled at the transcript level and induced independently by D. v. virgifera damage in roots and S. littoralis damage in leaves. We demonstrate that (E)-beta-caryophyllene can attract natural enemies of both herbivores: entomopathogenic nematodes below ground and parasitic wasps, after an initial learning experience, above ground. The biochemical properties of TPS23 are similar to those of (E)-beta-caryophyllene synthases from dicotyledons but are the result of repeated evolution. The sequence of TPS23 is maintained by positive selection in maize and its closest wild relatives, teosinte (Zea sp) species. The gene encoding TPS23 is active in teosinte species and European maize lines, but decreased transcription in most North American lines resulted in the loss of (E)-beta-caryophyllene production. We argue that the (E)-beta-caryophyllene defense signal was lost during breeding of the North American lines and that its restoration might help to increase the resistance of these lines against agronomically important pests.
Clinical Use of Bone Allografts (1993)

Modern techniques of bone allograft surgery provide a treatment modality for management of difficult skeletal defects. In oncological limb-salvage surgery, allograft reconstructions permit re-establishment of skeletal continuity and function after a wide resection of bone tumour. Bone allografts are increasingly used in salvage of difficult bone stock deficiencies following failed total joint replacements. Union between the allograft and the host bone takes place slowly and the use of autogenous bone graft at the graft-host junction is recommended for induction of repair. Internal repair (revascularization and substitution of the original graft bone with new host bone) also progresses slowly and seems to be confined only to the superficial surface and the ends of the graft. Biomechanically, a massive allograft may serve a structural function in the absence of advanced revascularization and creeping substitution processes. Infection of an allograft is a disastrous complication, whereas non-union of the graft-host junction and fracture of the graft are amenable to surgical treatment. Osteochondral allografts tend to show gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with time, necessitating occasionally late resurfacing arthroplasty. It is evident that there is more active immune response to osteochondral grafts than was thought previously. Bone allografts induce cell-mediated and antibody-mediated cytotoxicity specific for donor antigens similar to that seen after organ transplantations. Not only the basic mechanisms of bone allograft rejection but also the clinical features of bone allograft rejection are poorly characterized. Clinically, new non-invasive imaging techniques should be applied in determining the metabolic activity of bone in order to find the optimal loading of healing allografts. Although the clinical results of massive bone allografts are still not completely predictable, the method has proved to be a technically and biologically feasible alternative for non-biological skeletal reconstructions.
Serum cytokine biomarker panels for discriminating pancreatic cancer from benign pancreatic disease (2014)

These findings support the potential role for cytokine panels in the discrimination of PDAC from patients with benign pancreatic diseases and warrant additional study.
Reduced-Order Models for Nonlinear Distributed Process Systems and Their Application in Dynamic Optimization (2004)

Dynamic optimization of distributed process systems has received considerable attention over the last couple of years. Most approaches proposed for the solution of these types of problems are based on the use of the control vector parametrization method, which transforms the original dynamic optimization problem into an outer nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. The solution of this NLP problem requires the simulation of the process under consideration for each function evaluation. Unfortunately, this task is usually very demanding for this class of dynamic systems, which calls for reduced-order descriptions of the distributed process system. In this work, we exploit the use of low-order models based on the Galërkin projection on a set of proper orthogonal functions as a very efficient alternative to the solution of dynamic optimization problems for nonlinear distributed process systems.
The Covalently‐Bound Flavin of Hepatic Monoamine Oxidase (1971)

A method has been elaborated for the large scale isolation of outer membranes of beef liver mitochondria. From these monoamine oxidase was partially purified and digested with trypsin and chymotrypsin to yield peptides containing riboflavin covalently linked to the peptide chain. A pure pentapeptide of riboflavin‐5′‐phosphate has been obtained by a series of chromatographic procedures. Edman degradation, followed by dansylation, revealed the amino acid sequence: Ser‐Gly‐Gly‐X‐Tyr, X being the amino acid to which the flavin is attached via the 8α‐carbon of the riboflavin. This site of attachment is concluded on the basis of analysis of the optical spectra in the neutral and cationic forms of the flavoquinone and of the electron spin resonance spectrum of the free radical cation.
The Fecal Bacteria of Healthy Men: Part II. Quantitative Culture Experiments (1909)

Journal Article The Fecal Bacteria of Healthy Men: Part II. Quantitative Culture Experiments Get access Ward J. MacNeal, Ward J. MacNeal Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Illinois, Urbana. Ill. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lenore L. Latzer, Lenore L. Latzer Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Illinois, Urbana. Ill. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Josephine E. Kerr Josephine E. Kerr Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Illinois, Urbana. Ill. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 6, Issue 5, 25 November 1909, Pages 571–609, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/6.5.571 Published: 25 November 1909 Article history Received: 08 August 1909 Published: 25 November 1909
Cholesterol transport function of pancreatic cholesterol esterase: Directed sterol uptake and esterification in enterocytes (1993)

We have recently hypothesized that neutral lipids can, in part, move across biological membranes via a mechanism involving enzymes anchored to membrane proteoglycans such as those found in the brush border of the enterocyte [Bosner, M. S., Gulick, T., Riley, D. J. S., Spilburg, C. A., & Lange, L. G. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 7438-7442]. Present results now show a subsequent, essential protein-mediated sorting of neutral lipids for further intracellular metabolism. Thus, in the absence of enzyme, 0.002 pmol of cellular ester appeared after 2 h, and its level increased only 3.5-fold after 12 h. However, in the presence of cholesterol esterase, the level of cholesterol ester increased 39-fold in the same time period, indicating that the enzyme-mediated uptake accounts for 10-fold greater ester synthesis than that from basal absorption. Kinetic analysis reveals that both enzyme-mediated and background absorption depend on taurocholate concentration and are second-order reactions more likely dependent on collision than diffusion. Other lipid-recognizing proteins such as pancreatic triglyceride lipase and the intestinal fatty acid binding protein are not stimulatory to intracellular cholesterol processing. Taken together, these data suggest that pancreatic cholesterol esterase and possibly other proteoglycan-binding extracellular enzymes of neutral lipid metabolism may facilitate movement of neutral lipids into the plasma membrane and direct them into functional intracellular sites.
Custard - a customisable threaded fpga soft processor and tools (2005)

We propose CUSTARD - customisable threaded architecture - a soft processor design space that combines support for multiple hardware threads and automatically generated custom instructions. Multiple threads incur low additional hardware cost and allow fine-grained concurrency without multiple processor cores or software overhead. Custom instructions, generated for a specific application, accelerate frequently performed computations by implementing them as dedicated hardware. In this paper we present a flexible processor and compiler generation system, FPGA implementations of CUSTARD and performance/area results for media and cryptography benchmarks.
Statistical Metamorphic Testing Testing Programs with Random Output by Means of Statistical Hypothesis Tests and Metamorphic Testing (2007)

Testing software with random output is a challenging task as the output corresponding to a given input differs from execution to execution. Therefore, the usual approaches to software testing are not applicable to randomized software. Instead, statistical hypothesis tests have been proposed for testing those applications. To apply these statistical hypothesis tests, either knowledge about the theoretical values of statistical characteristics of the program output (e. g. the mean) or a reference implementation (e. g. a legacy system) are required to apply statistical hypothesis tests. But often, both are not available. In the present paper, it is discussed how a testing method called Metamorphic Testing can be used to construct statistical hypothesis tests without knowing exact theoretical characteristics or having a reference implementation. For that purpose, two or more independent output sequences are generated by the implementation under test (IUT). Then, these sequences are compared according to the metamorphic relation using statistical hypothesis tests.
A Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) Glycoprotein D-expressing Nonreplicating Dominant-Negative HSV-2 Virus Vaccine Is Superior to a gD2 Subunit Vaccine against HSV-2 Genital Infection in Guinea Pigs (2014)

We recently constructed a novel non-replicating dominant-negative HSV-2 recombinant viral vaccine (CJ2-gD2) capable of expressing various HSV-2 antigens that are dominant targets of HSV-2-specific CD8 T-cell response. Importantly, CJ2-gD2 expresses gD2, the HSV-2 major antigen glycoprotein D, as efficiently as wild-type HSV-2 infection and can lead to a nearly 500-fold reduction in wild-type HSV-2 viral replication in cells co-infected with CJ2-gD2 and wild-type HSV-2. In this report, we show that CJ2-gD2 elicits a strong antibody response to various HSV-2 antigens and is highly effective in the prevention of primary and recurrent HSV-2 genital infection and disease in the immunized guinea pigs. The direct comparison study between CJ2-gD2 and a gD2 subunit vaccine (gD2-alum/MPL) with a formulation akin to a vaccine tested in phase III clinical trials shows that CJ2-gD2 is 8 times more effective than the gD2-alum/MPL subunit vaccine in eliciting an anti-HSV-2 specific neutralizing antibody response and offers significantly superior protection against primary and recurrent HSV-2 genital infections. Importantly, no challenge wild-type HSV-2 viral DNA was detectable in dorsal root ganglia DNA isolated from CJ2-gD2-immunized guinea pigs on day 60 post-challenge. CJ2-gD2 should be an excellent HSV-2 vaccine candidate for protection against HSV-2 genital infection and disease in humans.
The dynamics and location of axonal transport blockade by acute intraocular pressure elevation in primate optic nerve. (1976)

Axonal transport in primate optic nerve axons was studied by autoradiography, scintillation counting, and electron microscopy under conditions of short-term intraocular pressure elevation. With elevation of intraocular pressure to 30 mm. Hg below mean arterial blood pressure, blockage of transport was detected within 2 hours by autoradiography and within 1 hour by electron microscopy. The earliest buildup of radioactively labeled protein and ultrastructurally visible cellular organelles was within the scleral lamina cribrosa. The degree of blockage, judged by amount of label buildup, increased with time. Some transported material traversed the lamina cribrosa despite pressure elevation at the level tested. Reversal of transport blockade occurred rapidly after normalization of intraocular pressure.
Dirhodium(II) Caprolactamate:  An Exceptional Catalyst for Allylic Oxidation (2004)

The oxidation of organic molecules represents a fundamentally important chemical process. Particularly important is allylic oxidation, whereby a single methylene unit is converted directly into a carbonyl group. In this communication, we report that dirhodium(II) caprolactamate [Rh2(cap)4] in combination with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (terminal oxidant) effectively catalyzes the allylic oxidation of a variety of olefins and enones. The reaction is completely selective, tolerant of air/moisture, and can be performed with as little as 0.1 mol % catalyst in minutes. A mechanistic proposal involving redox chain catalysis has been put forth, as well as evidence for the intermediacy of a higher valent dirhodium tert-butyl peroxy complex.