gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase transitions inSc2(WO4)3under high pressure (2005)

High-pressure x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering studies on scandium tungstate $[{\mathrm{Sc}}_{2}{(\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{3}]$ show that it transforms to a monoclinic phase at $\ensuremath{\sim}0.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$. The high-pressure phase has $P{2}_{1}∕a$ symmetry and is related to the initial orthorhombic phase through cell doubling along the $c$ axis. The compound undergoes another phase transition at $\ensuremath{\sim}1.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$, accompanied by a volume reduction of $\ensuremath{\sim}8%$. At $\ensuremath{\sim}6.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$, the diffraction pattern and Raman spectra of ${\mathrm{Sc}}_{2}{(\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{O}}_{4})}_{3}$ indicate the emergence of a disordered crystalline state which evolves into an amorphous phase beyond $\ensuremath{\sim}14\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$. The structural changes are found to be reversible up to $\ensuremath{\sim}1.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$. However, transformation to the amorphous state is found to be irreversible, though our results suggest some structural relaxation on release of pressure.
Automatic functional test generation using the extended finite state machine model (1993)

We present a method of automatic generation of functional vectors for sequential circuits. A high-level description of the circuit, in VHDL or C, is assumed available. Our method automatically transforms the high-level description, in VHDL or C, of a circuit into an extended finite state machine (EFSM) model using which functional vectors are generated. The EFSM model is a generalization of the traditional state machine model. It can be considered as a compact representation of the machine that preserves many nice properties of a traditional state machine. Theoretical background of the EFSM model will be addressed. Our method guarantees that the generated vectors cover every statement in the high-level description at least once. Experimental results show that a set of comprehensive functional vectors for sequential circuits with more than a hundred flip-flops can be generated automatically in a few minutes of CPU time using our prototype system.
Prodrugs of anthracycline antibiotics suited for tumor-specific activation. (1995)

The two novel prodrugs 4 and 11 have been prepared from tetra-O-acetyl-D-galactopyranose and doxorubicin in three and six steps, respectively. Their low cytotoxicity, high stability in plasma and, in the case of 11, efficient hydrolysis in the presence of alpha-galactosidase, fulfill preliminary conditions for their use in combination with monoclonal antibody-enzyme conjugates.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Containing Quinoidal Small Molecules for High-Performance, Air-Stable, and Solution-Processable n-Channel Organic Field-Effect Transistors (2012)

We report the synthesis, characterization, and application of a novel series of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-containing quinoidal small molecules as highly efficient n-type organic semiconductors in thin film transistors (TFTs). The first two representatives of these species exhibit maximum electron mobility up to 0.55 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) with current on/current off (I(on)/I(off)) values of 10(6) for 1 by vapor evaporation, and 0.35 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) with I(on)/I(off) values of 10(5)-10(6) for 2 by solution process in air, which is the first demonstration of DPP-based small molecules offering only electron transport characteristics in TFT devices. The results indicate that incorporation of a DPP moiety to construct quinoidal architecture is an effective approach to enhance the charge-transport capability.
Superoxide anions and hyperoxia inactivate endothelium-derived relaxing factor (1986)

Experiments were designed to determine the effects of oxygen-derived free radicals on the production and biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor or factors released by acetylcholine. Rings of canine coronary arteries without endothelium (bioassay rings) were superfused with solution passing through a canine femoral artery with endothelium. Superoxide dismutase caused maximal relaxation of the bioassay ring when infused upstream, but not downstream, of the femoral artery; this effect of superoxide dismutase was inhibited by catalase. Infusion of acetylcholine relaxed the bioassay rings because it released a labile relaxing factor (or factors) from the endothelium. When infused below the femoral artery, superoxide dismutase and, to a lesser extent, catalase augmented the relaxations to acetylcholine. Superoxide dismutase, but not catalase, doubled the half-life of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s). This protective effect of the enzyme was augmented fivefold by lowering the oxygen content of the perfusate from 95 to 10%. These data demonstrate that: superoxide anions inactivate the relaxing factor(s) released by acetylcholine from endothelial cells and hyperoxia favors the inactivation of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s).
Study of the distribution and biological effects of 3H in the algae Acetabularia, Chlamydomonas and Porphyra. (1978)

Freshwater and marine algae are particularly useful for studying the radioactive contamination of aquatic systems. Acetabularia, Chlamydomonas and Porphyra were used to investigate the uptake and eventual biological effects of tritium. When the Acetabularia are grown in the presence of tritiated water, a significant amount of 3H is incorporated in the total nucleic acids and protein fraction. Chloroplasts of Acetabularia were isolated from whole cells and their DNA purified by the agarose procedure, before radioactivity analysis: a significant amount of 3H was incorporated into the chloroplast genome. Chlamydomonas was grown on minimal medium containing increasing concentrations of tritiated water. The increase in cell number was checked by microscope counting. The generation time was 9.6 h and seemed not affected even by the highest 3H concentration. Parallel experiments have shown that an appreciable amount of 3H was incorporated into the total organic matter of the plants. In the case of Porphyra, it was found that a very low level of 3H was incorporated into the total DNA of the plant.
Physicomechanical Evaluation of Polypropylene, Polyester, and Polytetrafluoroethylene Meshes for Inguinal Hernia Repair (2010)

Significant differences exist between the physicomechanical properties of polypropylene, polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene, and partially absorbable mesh prostheses commonly used for inguinal hernia repair. Orientation of the mesh was also shown to be critical for the success of meshes, particularly those demonstrating anisotropy.
Xyphoid MIDCAB: report of the technique and experience with a less invasive MIDCAB procedure. (1999)

Initial clinical experience with xiphoid MIDCAB proves it is a feasible alternative to intercostal MIDCAB with the possible advantages of reduced pain and chest wall complications. Further investigation into this surgical approach is warranted.
Ocular phenotype of bothnia dystrophy, an autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa associated with an R234W mutation in the RLBP1 gene. (2001)

Retinal dystrophies associated with other mutations of the RLBP1 gene, including retinitis pigmentosa of Bothnia type, might account for a considerable number of cases of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa in other geographic areas as well.
Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol (ARBITER) 2 (2004)

The addition of extended-release niacin to statin therapy slowed the progression of atherosclerosis among individuals with known coronary heart disease and moderately low HDL-C.
A fast and simple method to calibrate scale factor using telephoto lens (2002)

In this paper, we present a simple method to extract the scale factor, a parameter that has to be determined during the calibration of a camera. Our method is built on the basic idea due to Penna (1991), and it effectively deals with situations where Penna's method would produce inaccurate results. The proposed technique images a sphere orthographically, as a circle on the image plane, and estimates the scale factor from the observed shape (in the digitized image) of that circle. Our motivation to project the sphere orthographically as against perspectively as was done by Penna, is that it does not impose the constraint that the center of the sphere be on the optical axis of the camera. There is an additional advantage in that, the estimation of the scale factor becomes independent of the radial distortion introduced by the lens, which is an additional cause of concern when the circle is obtained by perspective projection.
Salmonella type III effectors PipB and PipB2 are targeted to detergent‐resistant microdomains on internal host cell membranes (2003)

The intracellular pathogen, Salmonella enterica, translocates type III effectors across its vacuolar membrane into host cells. Herein we describe a new Salmonella effector, PipB2, which has sequence similarity to another type III effector, PipB. In phagocytic cells, PipB2 localizes to the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) and tubular extensions from the SCV, Salmonella-induced filaments (Sifs). We used the specific targeting of PipB2 in macrophages to characterize Sifs in phagocytic cells for the first time. In epithelial cells, PipB2 has a unique localization pattern, localizing to SCVs and Sifs and additionally to vesicles at the periphery of infected cells. We further show that the N-terminal 225-amino-acid residues of PipB2 are sufficient for type III translocation and association with SCVs and Sifs, but not peripheral vesicles. Subcellular fractionation demonstrated that both PipB and PipB2 associate with host cell membranes and resist extraction by high salt, high pH and to a significant extent, non-ionic detergent. Furthermore, PipB and PipB2 are enriched in detergent-resistant microdomains (DRMs), also known as lipid rafts, present on membranes of SCVs and Sifs. The enrichment of Salmonella effectors in DRMs on these intracellular membranes probably permits specific interactions with host cell molecules that are concentrated in these signalling platforms.
Unencumbered gestural interaction (1996)

Unencumbered hand gesture interfaces encompass both 3D interaction and 2D pointing. A model developed to study 3D interaction requires determining gestural strokes and hand motion dynamics and recognizing hand poses. Extended variable valued logic and a rule based induction algorithm contribute to inductive learning of hand gesture poses, yielding a recognition rate of 94 percent. FingerMouse, a freehand pointing system, detects pointing hand poses and tracks moving fingertips in close to real time.
Sequence-specific cleavage of single-stranded DNA: oligodeoxynucleotide-EDTA X Fe(II). (1985)

The synthesis of a DNA hybridization probe 19 nucleotides in length, equipped with the metal chelator EDTA at C-5 of thymidine in position 10 (indicated by T*) is described. DNA-EDTA 1 has the sequence 5'-T-A-A-C-G-C-A-G-T*-C-A-G-G-C-A-C-C-G-T-3', which is complementary to a 19-nucleotide sequence in the plasmid pBR322. In the presence of Fe(II), O2, and dithiothreitol, DNA-EDTA 1 affords specific cleavage (25 degrees C, pH 7.4, 60 min) at its complementary sequence in a heat-denatured 167-base-pair restriction fragment. Cleavage occurs over a range of 16 nucleotides at the site of hybridization of 1, presumably due to a diffusible reactive species. No other cleavage sites are observed in the 167-base-pair restriction fragment. The procedure used to synthesize DNA-EDTA probes is based on the incorporation of a thymidine modified at C-5 with the triethyl ester of EDTA. By using routine phosphoramidite procedures, thymidine-EDTA can be incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides of any desired length and sequence. Because the efficiency of the DNA cleavage reaction is dependent on the addition of both Fe(II) and reducing agent (dithiothreitol), the initiation of the cleavage reaction can be controlled. These DNA-EDTA X Fe(II) probes should be useful for the sequence-specific cleavage of single-stranded DNA (and most likely RNA) under mild conditions.
DPHMM: Customizable Data Release with Differential Privacy via Hidden Markov Model (2016)

Hidden Markov model (HMM) has been well studied and extensively used. In this paper, we present DPHMM ({Differentially Private Hidden Markov Model}), an HMM embedded with a private data release mechanism, in which the privacy of the data is protected through a graph. Specifically, we treat every state in Markov model as a node, and use a graph to represent the privacy policy, in which "indistinguishability" between states is denoted by edges between nodes. Due to the temporal correlations in Markov model, we show that the graph may be reduced to a subgraph with disconnected nodes, which become unprotected and might be exposed. To detect such privacy risk, we define sensitivity hull and degree of protection based on the graph to capture the condition of information exposure. Then to tackle the detected exposure, we study how to build an optimal graph based on the existing graph. We also implement and evaluate the DPHMM on real-world datasets, showing that privacy and utility can be better tuned with customized policy graph.
Identification of G protein‐coupled receptor genes from the human genome sequence (2002)

We have identified novel G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with no introns in the coding region from the human genome sequence: 322 olfactory receptors; 22 taste receptors; 128 registered GPCRs for endogenous ligands; 50 novel GPCR candidates homologous to registered GPCRs for endogenous ligands; and 59 novel GPCR candidates not homologous to registered GPCRs. The total number of GPCRs with and without introns in the human genome was estimated to be approximately 950, of which 500 are odorant or taste receptors and 450 are receptors for endogenous ligands.
Polymeric Carbon Nanocomposites from Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Matrix Polymer (2003)

Single-walled and multiple-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in esterification reactions. Similar to the parent PVA, the functionalized carbon nanotube samples are soluble in highly polar solvents such as DMSO and water. The common solubilities have allowed the intimate mixing of the functionalized nanotubes with the matrix polymer for the wet-casting of nanocomposite thin films. The PVA−carbon nanotube composite films are of high optical quality, without any observable phase separation, and the carbon nanotubes in the films are as well-dispersed as in solution. The functionalization of carbon nanotubes by the matrix polymer is apparently an effective way in the homogeneous nanotube dispersion for high-quality polymeric carbon nanocomposite materials. Results from characterizations of the solubilized carbon nanotubes and the nanocomposite thin films are presented and discussed.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors Harbor Multiple Potentially Actionable Kinase Fusions (2014)

Our study describes the most comprehensive genomics-based evaluation of IMT to date. Because there is no "standard-of-care" therapy for IMT, the identification of actionable genomic alterations, in addition to ALK, is expected to redefine management strategies for patients with this disease.
Electrophysiological changes of cardiac function during antidepressant treatment (2008)

Some antidepressant agents can cause electrophysiological changes of cardiac function leading to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. However, antidepressants have also protective effects on the heart through their capacity to modulate cardiac autonomic-mediated physiological responses. Heart rate variability and QTc length are two strictly linked parameters that allow us to appreciate the effects of different drugs on cardiac physiology. Heart rate variability reflects functioning of the autonomic nervous system and possibly also regulation by the limbic system. Autonomic regulation of cardiac activity influences also cardiac repolarization and QT length, both directly and via its effects on heart rate. In this review we present the methodologies adopted to study the effect of antidepressant drugs on QT length and heart rate variability and we summarize data on electrophysiological changes related to antidepressant treatment. Clinical implications for the choice of different antidepressants in different clinical populations are discussed.
Improved Adhesives Containing CNT/SP1 Nano Fillers (2012)

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have stimulated research due to their wide range of applications. However, their existence as aggregates and the difficulty in debundling and dispersion limits the improvement of properties when used as fillers. Many techniques have been employed to obtain such dispersions including mechanical, ultrasonic, and solution mixing, resulting in limited effect. Attaching a protein moiety such as SP1 showed promising results. SP1 is a thermally stable protein, originally isolated from poplar trees, which self-assembles to an extremely stable 11-nm ring-shape dodecamer. Linkage of CNT to specific peptides on SP1 N-terminus by genetic engineering resulted in 12 CNT binding sites per ring. It was demonstrated by us that the CNT/SP1 complex prevents CNT aggregation and allows its homogenous mixing in water at rather low CNT/protein weight ratio (20:1). In order to obtain homogenous CNTs in a polymer matrix, the dehydrated complex was redispersed in epoxy resin. The CNT/SP1 is covalently bound to epoxy groups prior to polymerization with the curing agent. Dispersion and uniformity were improved by using a speed-mixer and a 3-roll mill. CNT/SP1 in epoxy resin exhibited improved mechanical properties compared with pure unfilled epoxy (EPON® 828/Versamide® 140). CNT/SP1 filler in epoxy adhesive at less than 1% wt. improved peel strength by 50% and shear strength by 24%. In addition, HR-SEM images of 0.7% wt. CNT/SP1 nano-filled epoxy adhesive fracture surfaces demonstrates efficient load transfer and crack arrest by the CNT/SP1 particles. Moreover, comparing the thermal properties of neat epoxy with those of 0.35% and 0.7% wt. CNT/SP1 filled nano-composite was tested using three methods: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a dramatic improvement increasing Tg by 20°C.
Wavelength division multiplexing fiber-optic data system utilizing both AlGaAs and InGaAsP semiconductor-laser wavelengths for future space station applications (1984)

Information network architectures will play a large role in the communications and distribution of data for future space station concepts being investigated by NASA as part of its long-range space planning. The Langley Research Center, as part of its data systems research and technology program, has undertaken to identify and direct research toward solutions that would fit the context of the space station as currently envisioned (Fig, 1). This space station would be established in low earth orbit in the early 1990s by joining together modules and compartments. Over the 20-year lifetime many other modules and compartments would be connected, disconnected, modified, and reconnected to establish a fully autonomous space station. Since the future space station would require high-performance information network architectures and technologies that are evolvable, adaptive, self-correcting, and repairing, a hierarchy of data networks for the space station based on fiber optics is being investigated (Fig. 2).
Nucleic acid related compounds. II. Adenosine 2',3'-ribo-epoxide. Synthesis, intramolecular degradation, and transformation into 3'-substituted xylofuranosyl nucleosides and the lyxo-epoxide (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleic acid related compounds. II. Adenosine 2',3'-ribo-epoxide. Synthesis, intramolecular degradation, and transformation into 3'-substituted xylofuranosyl nucleosides and the lyxo-epoxideMorris J. Robins, Yves Fouron, and Rudolf MengelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 11, 1564–1570Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00924a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00924a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermodynamics and kinetics of intracellular ice formation during freezing of biological cells (1990)

A physicochemical model based on the modified classical heterogeneous nucleation theory was proposed to analyze the ice formation inside biological cells during freezing. According to this model, intracellular ice formation (IIF) may be catalyzed either by the plasma membrane via the effects of the external ice on the plasma membrane, called surface-catalyzed nucleation (SCN), or by the intracellular particles, called volume-catalyzed nucleation (VCN), depending on the freezing conditions. The model for IIF was coupled with the model describing the kinetics of water transport to predict the thermodynamic state of the cytoplasm. A method to estimate the nucleation frequency from the observed probability of nucleation was suggested. This method was based on the assumption that each cell has the same heteronucleating particles with identical properties to alter the nucleation kinetics in an identical way. This allowed the correlation of the experimental probability of IIF with the nucleation rate. It was suggested that the uncertainties in the experimental conditions could be minimized if cells were cooled at rapid rates to prevent water transport during freezing. The model was applied to mouse oocytes at metaphase II. Correlation of the theory with the experimental kinetics of the cumulative fraction of IIF revealed preexponentional factors of 3.56×108 (m2 s)−1 and 1.84×1050 (m3 s)−1, and exponential factors of 4.6×109 and 1.08×1012 K5 for SCN and VCN, respectively. The contact angle between the internal surface of the plasma membrane and the ice cluster for SCN, θ, was determined to be 35° for freezing in isotonic solutions (285 mosm) increasing linearly to 47° in hypertonic solutions (1035 mosm). SCN was active between ∼−5 and −20 °C in the presence of external ice. It is suggested that the presence of external ice alters the plasma membrane through its chemical, electrical, mechanical, ionic, and thermal effects, to make it an energetically favorable site for heterogeneous nucleation. For VCN, lower and upper limits for θ and R were found to be 60°&amp;lt;θ&amp;lt;100° and 10−7&amp;lt;R&amp;lt;4×10−7 cm, respectively. VCN was active between ∼−30 and −35 °C.