gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Alignment-tolerant lasers and silicon waferboard integration</title> (1997)

Intrinsically large mode semiconductor lasers and mode transformers monolithically integrated with semiconductor lasers, are two promising approaches for making alignment tolerant structures that can be used for passive alignment to single mode optical fibers. This technique, in conjunction with a recently developed silicon waferboard integration scheme, will significantly simplify the assembly process and the packaging of transmitter laser arrays. The passive alignment technique consists of octagonal electrodeposited copper bosses to physically register the laser chip with percussion etched inverted pyramidal receptacles and v-grooves in a silicon substrate.
Antigenic and physical diversity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharides (1986)

We used mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to characterize Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharide (LOS). LOSs that bound two or more MAbs in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay usually bound them to different LOS components, as separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE); strains with multiple LOS components on SDS-PAGE usually bound more than one MAb. However, the LOS of some strains bound the same MAb to two LOS components with different relative molecular weights, and some individual LOS components bound more than one MAb. LOSs from different strains bound different amounts of the same MAb at saturation, reflecting differences in the quantitative expression of individual LOS components. Not all components recognized by MAbs were stained by silver after periodate oxidation. Treatment with NaOH variously affected epitopes defined by different MAbs. MAb 3F11 completely inhibited and MAb 2-1-L8 partially inhibited the binding of 125I-labeled 06B4 MAb to WR220 LOS and WR220 outer membranes in competitive binding studies. Other MAbs did not compete with the binding of 125I-labeled 06B4 to either antigen. We conclude that a strain of N. gonorrhoeae elaborates multiple LOSs that can be separated by SDS-PAGE and that are antigenically distinct. Epitope expression within these glycolipids is complex.
Plasmodium berghei Δp52&p36 Parasites Develop Independent of a Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane in Huh-7 Liver Cells (2012)

The proteins P52 and P36 are expressed in the sporozoite stage of the murine malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. Δp52&p36 sporozoites lacking expression of both proteins are severely compromised in their capability to develop into liver stage parasites and abort development soon after invasion; presumably due to the absence of a parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM). However, a small proportion of P. berghei Δp52&p36 parasites is capable to fully mature in hepatocytes causing breakthrough blood stage infections. We have studied the maturation of replicating Δp52&p36 parasites in cultured Huh-7 hepatocytes. Approximately 50% of Δp52&p36 parasites developed inside the nucleus of the hepatocyte but did not complete maturation and failed to produce merosomes. In contrast cytosolic Δp52&p36 parasites were able to fully mature and produced infectious merozoites. These Δp52&p36 parasites developed into mature schizonts in the absence of an apparent parasitophorous vacuole membrane as shown by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Merozoites derived from these maturing Δp52&p36 liver stages were infectious for C57BL/6 mice.
Analysis of the codon use frequency of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) family genes from different species (2012)

In mammals, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) play essential roles in the regulation of cellular differentiation, development, and metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein), and tumorigenesis of higher organisms. In this paper, the relative synonymous codon use frequency of 32 PPAR family genes from seven mammal species (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Bos taurus, Macaca mulatta, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Sus scrofa) were analyzed by correspondence analysis and hierarchical cluster method. The results indicated that the gene function is the dominant factor that determines codon usage bias in PPAR family genes, while species is a minor factor that determines further difference in codon usage bias for genes with similar functions.
Acoustic Methods for Pulmonary Diagnosis (2018)

Recent developments in sensor technology and computational analysis methods enable new strategies to measure and interpret lung acoustic signals that originate internally, such as breathing or vocal sounds, or are externally introduced, such as in chest percussion or airway insonification. A better understanding of these sounds has resulted in a new instrumentation that allows for highly accurate as well as portable options for measurement in the hospital, in the clinic, and even at home. This review outlines the instrumentation for acoustic stimulation and measurement of the lungs. We first review the fundamentals of acoustic lung signals and the pathophysiology of the diseases that these signals are used to detect. Then, we focus on different methods of measuring and creating signals that have been used in recent research for pulmonary disease diagnosis. These new methods, combined with signal processing and modeling techniques, lead to a reduction in noise and allow improved feature extraction and signal classification. We conclude by presenting the results of human subject studies taking advantage of both the instrumentation and signal processing tools to accurately diagnose common lung diseases. This paper emphasizes the active areas of research within modern lung acoustics and encourages the standardization of future work in this field.
ASIC image sensors (2002)

Two image array sensors designed and fabricated using a standard two-level metal ASIC CMOS process are described. The results show that good quality grey-level images can be formed, and that CMOS sensors arrays can be successfully integrated with efficient analogue sense amplifiers and with digital control/image-processing logic. The first sensor is a prototype 128*128 pixel test array. The second is a 312*287 pixel image sensor chip which includes all the necessary circuitry to produce full PAL format video output, as well as automatic electronic exposure control and built-in test circuits. Test results characterizing the devices are given, covering dynamic range, spectral response, sensitivity, resistance to blooming, etc. Some potential applications for such devices are mentioned.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Studies of Gene Mutation in Saccharomyces (1956)

It can be argued that when two recessive mutant genes in combination produce the mutant phenotype, they are either variants of a locus (Pontecorvo, 1952), that is, they are alleles, or they are variants of neighboring loci and are exhibiting position pseudoallelism in combination (Lewis, 1955; Green, 1956). A principal criterion for pseudoallelism is the demonstration that the two loci are separable by crossing over. Thus the hybrid Ab/aB, in which a and b are pseudoalleles, yields both AB and ab from the same recombinational event. The genes a and b are regarded as functionally and spatially separate.
Design and Characterization of a Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Hemagglutinin Vaccine for H1N1 Influenza Viruses (2016)

Universal influenza vaccine approaches have the potential to be paradigm shifting for the influenza vaccine field, with the goal of replacing the current standard of care with broadly cross-protective vaccines. We have used COBRA technology to develop an HA head-based strategy that elicits antibodies against many H1 strains that have undergone genetic drift and has potential as a "subtype universal" vaccine. Nine HA COBRA candidates were developed, and these vaccines were used alone, in cocktails or in prime-boost combinations. The most effective regimens elicited the broadest hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) response against a panel of H1N1 viruses isolated over the past 100 years. This is the first report describing a COBRA-based HA vaccine strategy that elicits a broadly reactive response against seasonal and pandemic H1N1 isolates.
Evaluation of Four DNA Typing Techniques in Epidemiological Investigations of Bovine Tuberculosis (1998)

DNA fingerprinting techniques were used to type 273 isolates of Mycobacterium bovis from Australia, Canada, the Republic of Ireland, and Iran. The results of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with DNA probes from IS6110, the direct repeat (DR), and the polymorphic GC-rich sequence (PGRS) were compared with those of a new PCR-based method called spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) developed for the rapid typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (J. Kamerbeek et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:907-914, 1997). Eighty-five percent of the isolates harbored a single copy of IS6110, and 81.5% of these carried IS6110 on the characteristic 1.9-kb restriction fragment. RFLP analysis with IS6110 identified 23 different types, RFLP analysis with the DR probe identified 35 types, RFLP analysis with the PGRS probe identified 77 types, and the spoligotyping method identified 35 types. By combining all results, 99 different strains could be identified. Isolate clusters were frequently associated within herds or were found between herds when epidemiological evidence confirmed animal movements. RFLP analysis with IS6110 was sufficiently sensitive for the typing of isolates with more than three copies of IS6110, but RFLP analysis with the PGRS probe was the most sensitive typing technique for strains with only a single copy of IS6110. Spoligotyping may have advantages for the rapid typing of M. bovis, but it needs to be made more sensitive.
Impact of infrared laser light‐induced ablation at different wavelengths on bovine intervertebral disc ex vivo: Evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging and histology (2012)

The 1,470-nm laser light had an effect in the whole nucleus pulposus and not only at the site of the quartz fiber, whereas with the 980-nm laser irradiation, significant changes were demonstrated only at the application site.
Evolução e perspectivas económicas da produção de milho no Brasil (1994)

A agricultura moderna e competitiva, integrada num diversificado fluxo industrial e de servicos, voltada tanto para o mercado interno quanto externo, constitui poderosa e invejavel alavanca para qualquer economia do mundo.
A Poly(cyclopentadithiophene) Matrix Suitable for Electrochemically Controlled DNA Delivery (2007)

A conducting polymer is tested for DNA delivery trials. The conducting matrix used is successful for electrochemical delivery of DNA accumulated by covalent immobilization. The electrochemical process consists of the reduction of arylsulfonamide moieties, which occur as linker groups. The specific design of the polymer allows the electronic properties to be promoted, making available the cleavage potential in physiological media. The amount of DNA released from a modified platinum electrode is investigated by quartz crystal microbalance. The released species used to prove the system performance are long sequences of DNA strands, which are amplified by PCR after liberation and identified by electrophoresis migration.
Laparoscopic coagulation of the uterine blood supply in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy is associated with less blood loss. (2004)

Does laparoscopic coagulation of the uterine blood supply decrease blood loss compared with transvaginal ligature of the uterine vessels?Intra- and postoperative data of 446 patients undergoing laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy at the Department of Gynecology, University of Jena, between 1998 and 2001 were analysed. In 213 patients the uterine blood supply was transected laparoscopically at the origin of the uterine vessels (LAVH type II) and in 233 patients (LAVH type I) transvaginally.Patients in both groups were comparable with respect to median age, Quetelet index, and parity. The drop of hemoglobin between the preoperative day and postoperative day 3 was 0.8 mmol/l or 0.6 mmol/l for LAVH type I without or with BSO vs 0.3 mmol/l or 0.4 mmol/l for LAVH type II without or with BSO (p = 0.001), respectively. Median operative time was similar for both techniques: LAVH type I 136 min or with BSO 128 min vs LAVH type II 126 min or with BSO 131 min. The weight of the removed uteri was significantly lower in LAVH type I vs type II (220 vs 270 grams), but similar when LAVH was combined with BSO (160 vs 178 grams). The rate of intraoperative complications was 2.2% vs 0.9% between LAVH type I or II (n.s.), but 9% vs 3.3% for overall postoperative complications (p = 0.01).Laparoscopic coagulation of the uterine blood supply at the origin of uterine vessels is a safe technique which minimizes blood loss in LAVH. In patients with a low preoperative hemoglobin value this technique is indicated.
Novel peptides that inhibit heparanase activation of the coagulation system (2014)

Heparanase is implicated in cell invasion, tumour metastasis and angiogenesis. It forms a complex and enhances the activity of the blood coagulation initiator - tissue factor (TF). We describe new peptides derived from the solvent accessible surface of TF pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) that inhibit the heparanase procoagulant activity. Peptides were evaluated in vitro by measuring activated coagulation factor X levels and co-immunoprecipitation. Heparanase protein and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were injected intra-peritoneally and inhibitory peptides were injected subcutaneously in mouse models. Plasma was analysed by ELISA for thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), D-dimer as markers of coagulation activation, and interleukin 6 as marker of sepsis severity. Peptides 5, 6, 7, 21 and 22, at the length of 11-14 amino acids, inhibited heparanase procoagulant activity but did not affect TF activity. Injection of newly identified peptides 5, 6 and 7 significantly decreased or abolished TAT plasma levels when heparanase or LPS were pre-injected, and inhibited clot formation in an inferior vena cava thrombosis model. To conclude, the solvent accessible surface of TFPI-2 first Kunitz domain is involved in TF/heparanase complex inhibition. The newly identified peptides potentially attenuate activation of the coagulation system induced by heparanase or LPS without predisposing to significant bleeding tendency.
Development of an rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe specific for the genus Acinetobacter and its application for in situ monitoring in activated sludge (1994)

Enhanced biological phosphate removal in an anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge system has generally been ascribed to members of the genus Acinetobacter. A genus-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe was developed to investigate the role of Acinetobacter spp. in situ. Nonisotopic dot blot hybridization to 66 reference strains, including the seven described Acinetobacter spp., demonstrated the expected probe specificity. Fluorescent derivatives were used for in situ monitoring of Acinetobacter spp. in the anaerobic and aerobic compartments of a sewage treatment plant with enhanced biological phosphate removal. Microbial community structures were further analyzed with oligonucleotide probes specific for the alpha, beta, or gamma subclasses of the class Proteobacteria, for the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster, for gram-positive bacteria with a high G + C DNA content, and for all bacteria. Total cell counts were determined by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. In both the anaerobic and the aerobic basins, the activated sludge samples were dominated by members of the class Proteobacteria belonging to the beta subclass and by gram-positive bacteria with a high G + C DNA content. Acinetobacter spp. constituted less than 10% of all bacteria. For both basins, the microbial community structures determined with molecular techniques were compared with the compositions of the heterotrophic saprophytic microbiota determined with agar plating techniques. Isolates on nutrient-rich medium were classified by whole-cell hybridization with rRNA-targeted probes and fatty acid analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Oligoethylene ester derivatives of ketoprofen, naproxen and diclofenac as oral prodrugs: a pharmacological evaluation. (2002)

Polyoxyethylene esters of ketoprofen (1a-e), naproxen (2a-e) and diclofenac (3a-e) were tested in vitro to determine their stability in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and in simulated gastric fluid (pH 2.0 buffer) and their susceptibility in undergoing enzymatic cleavage in human plasma. Furthermore their in vivo antiinflammatory and analgesic activity and GI toxicity were evaluated in rodents. All the prodrugs showed a good stability both in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and in pH 2.0 buffer. They were readily hydrolyzed by human plasma and, for each group of prodrugs, no significant difference in hydrolysis rate was observed as the length of the oligoethylene chain increased. Esters 1a-e, 2a-e and 3a-e showed an anti-inflammatory activity (expressed as inhibition percent of carrageenan-induced edema in the rat) similar to that of their respective parent drug although at higher doses. The results obtained in the writhing test in mice demonstrated that all the prodrugs tested exhibited, following acute administration, a good analgesic effect. Furthermore these esters were significantly less irritating to the gastric mucosa, although administered at doses higher than the respective parent drug.
Cell factories converting lactate and acetate to butyrate: Clostridium butyricum and microbial communities from dark fermentation bioreactors (2019)

Studies on the conversion of lactate and acetate to butyrate by microbial communities from dark fermentation bioreactors or Clostridium butyricum suggest that a phenomenon analogous to cross-feeding of lactate in gastrointestinal tract also occurs in hydrogen-yielding reactors. A scheme of lactate and acetate transformation pathway is proposed, based on the example of C. butyricum, which employs flavin-based electron bifurcation. This process utilizes electron-transferring flavoprotein (Etf) complexes specific for (i) lactate oxidation and (ii) butyrate formation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that such complexes are encoded in the genomes of other bacteria capable of lactate and acetate conversion to butyrate. These findings contribute significantly to our understanding of the metabolic pathways and symbiotic interactions between bacteria during the acidogenic step of anaerobic digestion.
Reaction of Dimethyldichlorosilane, Phenylmethyldichlorosilane, or Diphenyldichlorosilane with Dimethyl Sulfoxide. Evidence for Silanone and Cyclodisiloxane Intermediates (1996)

Dimethyldichlorosilane reacts with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the presence of 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-oxa-2,5-disilacyclopentane (I) to yield 2,2,4,4,7,7-hexamethyl-1,3-dioxa-2,4,7-trisilacycloheptane (Si-7), 2,2,4,4,6,6,9,9-octamethyl-1,3,5-trioxa-2,4,6,9-tetrasilacyclononane (Si-9), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5). Similar reaction with phenylmethyldichlorosilane with DMSO and I yields 2,4,4,7,7-pentamethyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxa-2,4,7-trisilacycloheptane (PhSi-7), as well as an approximately 1:1 mixture of cis- and trans-2,4,6,6,9,9-hexamethyl-2,4-diphenyl-1,3,5-trioxa-2,4,6,9-tetrasilacyclononane (PhSi-9) and both 2,4,6-trimethyl-2,4,6-triphenylcyclotrisiloxane (PhD3) and 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetraphenylcyclotetrasiloxane (PhD4). Likewise reaction of diphenyldichlorosilane with DMSO and I yields 4,4,7,7-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxa-2,2-diphenyl-2,4,7-trisilacycloheptane (PhPhSi-7), 6,6,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,5-trioxa-2,2,4,4-tetraphenyl-2,4,6,9-tetrasilacyclononane (PhPhSi-9), and hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane (PhPhD3).
TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES TO POLYPEPTIDE LIGANDS: The JAK-STAT Pathway (1995)

Cytokines and growth factors regulate multiple aspects of cell growth through their interactions with specific receptors. These receptors initiate signals directed at both the cytoplasmic and the nuclear compartments. Many of the nuclear signals culminate in the induction of new genes. Characterization of the ability of IFN-alpha to rapidly induce new genes has led to the identification of a new signaling paradigm, the JAK-STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) pathway. In the IFN-alpha pathway, two receptor associated tyrosine kinases from the JAK family, Jak1 and Tyk2, mediate the activation of two latent cytoplasmic transcription factors, Stat1 and Stat2. More recent studies have not only determined that this pathway is used extensively, but have led to the identification of additional components (e.g., Jak2, Jak3, Stat3, Stat4, Stat5, and Stat6). This review will examine how these components mediate the transduction of signal directly from receptor to nucleus.
Multiuser channel allocation algorithms achieving hard fairness (2005)

This work investigates the performance of combined orthogonal channel and antenna allocation algorithms in multiple-antenna multi-channel systems. In (I. Toufik et al, IEEE VTC2004) a max-min allocation algorithm is proposed for an N-user system with N parallel sub-channels. Here, we extend this algorithm to the multiple-antenna systems and compare its performance in two different transmission scenarios (spatial multiplexing and space time coding). The techniques are applicable, for instance, in MIMO systems using OFDMA systems with dynamic sub-carrier allocation. We show that multiuser diversity, and thus an increase of aggregate data rates with the size of the user population, can still be successfully achieved even under a hard fairness constraint. Moreover, multiple-antennas permit spatial multiplexing. The techniques considered here do not require phase information in the channel allocation process, which, from a practical point-of-view is particularly important for time-division duplex systems exploiting channel reciprocity.
Changing concepts of deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity--report of a series and review of the literature. (1988)

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the upper extremity has recently been recognized as being more common than previously reported (probably because of the increasingly frequent use of subclavian venous access). A retrospective review of patients in whom subclavian or axillary DVT had developed in the past 6 years (1980 to 1986) was conducted at the Akron General Medical Center. The major cause identified was related to subclavian venous catheterization, which accounted for 39% of all instances of subclavian and axillary DVT. Our results are correlated with a review of the literature. In our review of studies in which subclavian venous catheterizations were prospectively examined with use of objective means of diagnosis, we found that 28% of all subclavian catheterizations had venous thrombosis develop, often subclinically. This is not an innocuous disease, as suggested in the past; in our series 12% of upper-extremity DVT had pulmonary embolization (PE). In reviewing the recent literature, we found an average 12.4% incidence of PE, which often occurs during anticoagulation treatment. Diagnostic modalities are discussed and treatment regimens are reviewed along with an extensive literature review.