gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human fat cell beta-adrenergic receptors: beta-agonist-dependent lipolytic responses and characterization of beta-adrenergic binding sites on human fat cell membranes with highly selective beta 1-antagonists. (1988)

Beta-adrenergic receptors were characterized in human fat cell membranes using 125I-labeled cyanopindolol (125I-labeled CYP) and highly selective beta 1-antagonists. The iodinated radioligand bound saturably and specifically to a single class of high affinity binding sites. The number of binding sites determined with 125I-labeled CYP closely agreed with that determined with two other tritiated radioligands: [3H]dihydroalprenolol and [3H]CGP-12,177. Since 125I-labeled CYP does not discriminate between beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors, the densities of the two receptor subtypes were determined from the competition curves of 125I-labeled CYP by highly selective beta 1-antagonists (bisoprolol, ICI-89,406, CGP-20,712A, and LK-204,545). Moreover, in order to enable correlation with binding data, the regulation of adenylate cyclase activity and of lipolysis was tested with various beta-agonist and antagonist compounds. The results obtained on fat cell membranes from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue demonstrated the following. 1) 125I-labeled CYP represents a valuable tool for the quantification and the delineation of beta-receptor subtypes. 2) The presence of sodium ions in binding buffers causes a modification of the affinity of beta-sites for some beta-antagonists. 3) The human fat cell beta adrenergic receptor population defined by nonselective radioligands is composed of two subtypes that can be interpreted in terms of classic beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes as assessed by competition studies with highly selective antagonists; beta 2-sites are predominant (60-70% of 125I-labeled CYP sites) in the adipocytes of slightly overweight women. 4) Results support the idea that beta 1- as well as beta 2-adrenergic receptors are coupled with adenylate cyclase and involved in the induction of lipolysis. 5) The results focus on the interest in some beta 2-agonist drugs (zinterol, clenbuterol) as partial inductors of lipolysis, with the lipolytic efficacies of these compounds being well correlated with their efficacies at 125I-labeled CYP sites.
A re-examination of the fundamental limits on the radiation Q of electrically small antennas (1996)

An exact method, which is more straightforward than those previously published, is derived for the calculation of the minimum radiation Q of a general antenna. This expression agrees with the previously published and widely cited approximate expression in the extreme lower limit of electrical size. However, for the upper end of the range of electrical size which is considered electrically small, the exact expression given here is significantly different from the approximate expression. This result has implications on both the bandwidth and efficiency limitations of antennas which fall into this category.
Production ofl-Ascorbic Acid by Metabolically EngineeredSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandZygosaccharomyces bailii (2004)

Yeasts do not possess an endogenous biochemical pathway for the synthesis of vitamin C. However, incubated with l-galactose, L-galactono-1,4-lactone, or L-gulono-1,4-lactone intermediates from the plant or animal pathway leading to l-ascorbic acid, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces bailii cells accumulate the vitamin intracellularly. Overexpression of the S. cerevisiae enzymes d-arabinose dehydrogenase and D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase enhances this ability significantly. In fact, the respective recombinant yeast strains even gain the capability to accumulate the vitamin in the culture medium. An even better result is obtainable by expression of the plant enzyme L-galactose dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Budding yeast cells overexpressing the endogenous D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase as well as L-galactose dehydrogenase are capable of producing about 100 mg of L-ascorbic acid liter(-1), converting 40% (wt/vol) of the starting compound L-galactose.
Expansion of Functionally Immature Transitional B Cells Is Associated with Human-Immunodeficient States Characterized by Impaired Humoral Immunity (2006)

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is a severe immunodeficiency associated with a marked reduction in circulating memory B cells. Our investigation of the B cell compartment of XLP patients revealed an increase in the frequency of a population of B cells distinct from those previously defined. This population displayed increased expression of CD10, CD24, and CD38, indicating that it could consist of circulating immature/transitional B cells. Supporting this possibility, CD10+CD24highCD38high B cells displayed other immature characteristics, including unmutated Ig V genes and elevated levels of surface IgM; they also lacked expression of Bcl-2 and a panel of activation molecules. The capacity of CD24highCD38high B cells to proliferate, secrete Ig, and migrate in vitro was greatly reduced compared with mature B cell populations. Moreover, CD24highCD38high B cells were increased in the peripheral blood of neonates, patients with common variable immunodeficiency, and patients recovering from hemopoietic stem cell transplant. Thus, an expansion of functionally immature B cells may contribute to the humoral immunodeficient state that is characteristic of neonates, as well as patients with XLP or common variable immunodeficiency, and those recovering from a stem cell transplant. Further investigation of transitional B cells will improve our understanding of human B cell development and how alterations to this process may precipitate immunodeficiency or autoimmunity.
Relighting human locomotion with flowed reflectance fields (2006)

No abstract available.
Passive NFS tracing of email and research workloads (2003)

Rights to individual papers remain with the author or the author&amp;apos;s employer. Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes. This copyright notice must be included in the reproduced paper. USENIX acknowledges all trademarks herein.
OneChip: An FPGA Processor With Reconfigurable Logic (1996)

This thesis describes a processor architecture called OneChip, which combines a fixed logic processor core and reconfigurable logic resources. Using the variable components of this architecture, the performance of speed-critical applications can be improved by customizing OneChip’s execution units or flexibility can be added to the glue logic interfaces of embedded controller type applications. This work eliminates the shortcomings of other custom compute machines by tightly integrating the reconfigurable resources into a MIPS-like processor. The details of the core processor, the fixed to reconfigurable logic interface and the actual reconfigurable structures are described. To study OneChip’s feasibility, a 32-bit processor as well as several performance enhancement and embedded controller type applications are implemented on the Transmogrifier-1 field programmable system. It is shown that application speedups of over 40 are achievable. However, the design flexibility introduced with the use of less dense, reconfigurable structures carries an area penalty of no less than 3.5 times the size of the custom silicon design implementation.
Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter genes up-regulation in untreated hepatocellular carcinoma is mediated by cellular microRNAs (2011)

Up-regulation of ABC transporters in HCC occurs prior to chemotherapeutic treatment and is associated with miRNA down-regulation. Up-regulation of five ABC genes appears to be mediated by 13 cellular miRNAs in HCC patient samples. miRNA-based gene therapy may be a novel and promising way to affect the ABC profile and overcome clinical multidrug resistance.
Effect of Intrarenal Infusion of Angiotensin–(1–7) in the Dog (2000)

Angiotensin-(1-7), (Ang-(1-7)), a metabolite of Ang II and /or Ang I, was infused into the renal artery (i.r.a) of anesthetized dogs in order to demonstrate its possible direct renal action. The dose administered, 15 Ig/kg BW/min in isotonic saline (0.072 ml/kg BW/min) throughout the experiment, did not influence the systemic arterial pressure and water and sodium excretion from the contralateral noninfused kidney. Renal blood flow (RBF) was measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by (exogenous) creatinine clearance. In other groups of animals, either EXP 3174, an AT-1 receptor antagonist alone (30 Ig/kg BW/ min) or together with Ang-(1-7) (15 Ig/kg BW/min), were infused. In the last group, the AT-2 receptor antagonist PD 123319, 10 Ig/kg BW/min, was added to the infusion of Ang-(1-7). A small but significant decrease of RBF from 4.51+/-0.32 to 3.8+/-0.29 ml/g BW/min occurred after Ang-(1-7); this decrease was very similar when PD 123319 was added. However, an increase to 4.98+/-0.34 ml/g BW/min was seen after the addition of EXP 3174 to the i.r.a. infusion of Ang-(1-7); this increase was similar to the increase observed after EXP 3174 alone (5.21+/-0.33; p<0.02 in both cases). A very small but significant increase in GFR was seen after Ang-(1-7) + EXP 3174 or after the AT-1 blocker alone (0.64+/-0.049 and 0.62+/-0.05 vs. 0.6+/-0.05 ml/g BW/min in the Time Control Group, p<0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Water, sodium and urea excretion rates were increased in all groups infused with Ang-(1-7); after the combination of Ang-(1-7) + EXP 3174, all increases were higher than after every substance alone; however, statistical significance (p<0.05) was reached in sodium excretion values only. Potassium excretion rates were increased just in those groups in which EXP 3174 was present in the infusion fluid. In summary, Ang-(1-7) i.r.a. infusion in the dog is followed by increases in water, sodium and urea (but not potassium) excretion rates, highly probably of tubular origin. This effect is not completely blocked by the AT-1 - and not at all by the AT-2 receptor antagonist - thus indirectly suggesting another receptor could play a role. A small decrease in RBF disappears after EXP 3174, thus indicating an AT-1 receptor action.
Complexity, Interdis Ciplinarity and Public Administration: Implications for Integrating Communities (2005)

Complex systems theory offers a useful way to conceptualize the position of public administrators; interdisciplinary theory provides them with a process as well as pragmatic suggestions for functioning effectively in that position. The usefulness of these theories is demonstrated by applying them to issues emerging from the debate over community participation in public administration
Catalytic mechanism of enzymic glycosyl transfer (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic mechanism of enzymic glycosyl transferMichael L. SinnottCite this: Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 7, 1171–1202Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00105a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00105a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5036Altmetric-Citations1312LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The orally active and bioavailable ATR kinase inhibitor AZD6738 potentiates the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin to resolve ATM-deficient non-small cell lung cancerin vivo (2015)

ATR and ATM are DNA damage signaling kinases that phosphorylate several thousand substrates. ATR kinase activity is increased at damaged replication forks and resected DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). ATM kinase activity is increased at DSBs. ATM has been widely studied since ataxia telangiectasia individuals who express no ATM protein are the most radiosensitive patients identified. Since ATM is not an essential protein, it is widely believed that ATM kinase inhibitors will be well-tolerated in the clinic. ATR has been widely studied, but advances have been complicated by the finding that ATR is an essential protein and it is widely believed that ATR kinase inhibitors will be toxic in the clinic. We describe AZD6738, an orally active and bioavailable ATR kinase inhibitor. AZD6738 induces cell death and senescence in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. AZD6738 potentiates the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and gemcitabine in NSCLC cell lines with intact ATM kinase signaling, and potently synergizes with cisplatin in ATM-deficient NSCLC cells. In contrast to expectations, daily administration of AZD6738 and ATR kinase inhibition for 14 consecutive days is tolerated in mice and enhances the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in xenograft models. Remarkably, the combination of cisplatin and AZD6738 resolves ATM-deficient lung cancer xenografts.
The HSP70A promoter as a tool for the improved expression of transgenes in Chlamydomonas (2000)

The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii HSP70A promoter can be induced by both heat shock and light. Several characteristics of this promoter suggest its usefulness as a tool for improved transgene expression in this alga. (i) It may by itself confer high inducibility to a transgene. Fusion of the HSP70A promoter to reporter genes HSP70B or ARS yields high levels of transgene product that, as shown for ARS, may accumulate when repeated cycles of heat shock induction are applied. (ii) It activates other promoters. Using HSP70B as a reporter gene, we show that the HSP70A promoter serves as a transcriptional activator when placed upstream of the promoters RBCS2, beta 2 TUB and HSP70B. Activation of these promoters was observed both under basal conditions and upon light induction. In addition, transformation rates obtained for the eubacterial resistance gene aadA were significantly increased, when expression of this gene was controlled by the HSP70A-RBCS2 promoter fusion as compared to the RBCS2 promoter alone.
Impaired Expression and Function of Cancer-Related Enzymes by Anthocyans: An Update (2012)

Anthocyans (ACNs), i.e. anthocyanins and anthocyanidins, belong to a widespread group of plant constituents, collectively known as flavonoids, which occur in the western diet at relatively high concentrations. ACNs display a variety of pharmacological properties which make them potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. In addition to their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species, ACNs can affect the functions of enzymes involved in DNA damage and in cancer-related signaling pathways. The antiproliferative, proapoptotic and antiangiogenic effects of ACNs rely on the inhibition of signaling by tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors (EGFR/ErBs, c-Met, VEGFRs, PDGFRs) as well as on the impairment of cAMP phosphodiesterase, proteasome chymotrypsin – like, ornithine decarboxylase and glyoxalase I activity. ACNs interfere also with cancer cell invasion by lowering the expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinases. Further, these compounds have been found to affect the transcriptional activity of NF-κB by inhibiting the IκB kinase complex and histone acetyltransferases, the inhibition of NF-κB being closely linked with the downregulation of COX-2 expression. Finally, ACNs are regarded as multi-target kinase inhibitors due to their ability to bind and inhibit a number of signaling kinases, such as Raf, MEK, MAPKK4, PI3K and Fyn. This review will provide an update on the effects of ACNs on the expression and function of enzymes involved in cancer development and progression, and will discuss the preventive/therapeutic potential of these compounds against human cancers. Keywords: Anthocyans, cancer, receptor tyrosine kinases, metalloproteinases, IκB kinase, signaling kinases, c-Met, VEGFRs, PDGFRs, angiogenesis
Array-CGH and breast cancer (2006)

The introduction of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in 1992 opened new avenues in genomic investigation; in particular, it advanced analysis of solid tumours, including breast cancer, because it obviated the need to culture cells before their chromosomes could be analyzed. The current generation of CGH analysis uses ordered arrays of genomic DNA sequences and is therefore referred to as array-CGH or matrix-CGH. It was introduced in 1998, and further increased the potential of CGH to provide insight into the fundamental processes of chromosomal instability and cancer. This review provides a critical evaluation of the data published on array-CGH and breast cancer, and discusses some of its expected future value and developments.
Functional Heterogeneity of Small Ubiquitin-related Protein Modifiers SUMO-1 versus SUMO-2/3 (2000)

Post-translational modification marked by the covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO-1/SMT3C has been implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes. Recently, two cDNAs encoding proteins related to SUMO-1 have been identified in human and mouse. The functions and regulation of these proteins, known as SUMO-2/SMT3A and SUMO-3/SMT3B, remain largely uncharacterized. We describe herein quantitative and qualitative distinctions between SUMO-1 and SUMO-2/3 in vertebrate cells. Much of this was accomplished through the application of an antibody that recognizes SUMO-2 and -3, but not SUMO-1. This antibody detected multiple SUMO-2/3-modified proteins and revealed that, together, SUMO-2 and -3 constitute a greater percentage of total cellular protein modification than does SUMO-1. Intriguingly, we found that there was a large pool of free, non-conjugated SUMO-2/3 and that the conjugation of SUMO-2/3 to high molecular mass proteins was induced when the cells were subjected to protein-damaging stimuli such as acute temperature fluctuation. In addition, we demonstrated that SUMO-2/3 conjugated poorly, if at all, to a major SUMO-1 substrate, the Ran GTPase-activating protein RanGAP1. Together, these results support the concept of important distinctions between the SUMO-2/3 and SUMO-1 conjugation pathways and suggest a role for SUMO-2/3 in the cellular responses to environmental stress.
Salmonella typhi stimulation of human intestinal epithelial cells induces secretion of epithelial cell-derived interleukin-6 (1997)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been shown to be associated with both systemic and tissue-specific responses within the host. Moreover, IL-6 is produced by both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells and has been identified as a growth-inducing, growth-inhibiting, and differentiation-inducing factor for these cells. Recent studies of uropathogenic and upper respiratory pathogens have suggested that epithelial cell-derived IL-6 plays a role in mucosal host-parasite interactions. Since many mucosal enteric pathogens enter the host through the epithelial cells of the distal small intestine, a role for intestinal epithelial cell-derived IL-6 in the initial interaction between bacteria and host might also be predicted. However, no studies to date have determined whether the interaction of any bacteria with the epithelial cells that line the small intestine of the host can induce IL-6. To address this issue, we have established an in vitro model to evaluate the capacity of the gram-negative bacterium Salmonella typhi to induce IL-6 in the small intestine epithelial cell line Int407 and in other intestinal epithelial cell lines. The results demonstrate that both wild-type and live, attenuated S. typhi vaccine strains induce small and large intestine epithelial cells to secrete IL-6, and kinetic analysis suggests that IL-6 may be one of the earliest responses following adherence and invasion of enteric organisms. Thus, these studies suggest a physiologic role for epithelial cell-derived IL-6 in the initial interactions between host and bacterium in the small intestine.
Electronic detection of DNA by its intrinsic molecular charge (2002)

We report the selective and real-time detection of label-free DNA using an electronic readout. Microfabricated silicon field-effect sensors were used to directly monitor the increase in surface charge when DNA hybridizes on the sensor surface. The electrostatic immobilization of probe DNA on a positively charged poly-l-lysine layer allows hybridization at low ionic strength where field-effect sensing is most sensitive. Nanomolar DNA concentrations can be detected within minutes, and a single base mismatch within 12-mer oligonucleotides can be distinguished by using a differential detection technique with two sensors in parallel. The sensors were fabricated by standard silicon microtechnology and show promise for future electronic DNA arrays and rapid characterization of nucleic acid samples. This approach demonstrates the most direct and simple translation of genetic information to microelectronics.
A Measurement of the Specificities of Antibodies to Morphine-6-Succinyl-BSA by Competitive Inhibition of 14C-Morphine Binding (1973)

Abstract Antisera reacting with morphine were produced in rabbits by immunization with morphine-6-succinyl-bovine serum albumin. The antibody assay employed ammonium sulfate precipitation of antibody-14C-morphine complexes. The specificities of the sera were measured by prior incubation of appropriate serum dilutions with increasing concentrations of various unlabeled opioids before the addition of 14C-morphine. Opioids differed in their ability to inhibit interaction of 14C-morphine and antibody; concentrations inhibiting binding of 88 pmol/ml of 14C-morphine by 50% were: morphine-6-hemisuccinate, 0.052 nmol/ml; heroin, 0.10 nmol/ml; morphine, 0.11 nmol/ml; codeine, 0.16 nmol/ml; hydromorphone, 0.50 nmol/ml; nalorphine, 2.1 nmol/ml; meperidine, 80.0 nmol/ml; naloxone, 30% inhibition at 1.0 × 103 nmol/ml. Variations in the ability to inhibit 14C-morphine binding were related to the nature of the structural dissimilarities between the competing compound and the homologous hapten. Differences in I50 values for the opioids studied were reflections of inhibition curves with differing slopes. Such observations allow the possibility of both qualitative and quantitative analyses in assay systems.
Gel clot LAL assay in the initial management of peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis: a retrospective study (2000)

The Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay is a convenient and valuable diagnostic tool for excluding Gram-positive peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients. This allows more specific antibiotic treatment at presentation and may avoid the development of bacterial resistance. A negative Limulus amoebocyte lysate test is not reliable for the exclusion of Gram-negative peritonitis. In the absence of a positive culture result 48 h after presentation, accompanied by a delayed response to treatment, a positive Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay may indicate the presence of fungus. This justifies early empiric antifungal treatment before definitive culture results are made available. Routine Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay of dialysate effluent from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients presenting with peritonitis is recommended.