gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Levels of Plasma Steroid Glucuronides in Intact and Castrated Men with Prostatic Cancer (1986)

The levels of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androst-5-ene-3 beta,17 beta-diol (delta 5-diol), testosterone (T), dihydrostestosterone (DHT), androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol), androsterone (ADT), and the related glucuronide (G) derivatives were determined in intact and castrated men with prostatic cancer. The plasma concentrations of DHEA and DHEA-G were not significantly different in intact and castrated men while delta 5-diol as well as delta 5-diol-G were 50% lowered in castrated men. As expected, T and DHT concentrations were markedly lower in castrated men. These low plasma levels of T and DHT were accompanied by a decrease of 3 alpha-diol, ADT, T-G, 3 alpha-diol-G, and ADT-G levels. There was, in unoperated men, a positive correlation between the levels of DHEA and ADT-G as well as DHEA and DHEA-G, while T values were highly correlated with ADT-G and 3 alpha-diol-G levels. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between DHEA and ADT-G as well as 3 alpha-diol-G in castrated men. Our data clearly demonstrate that ADT-G and 3 alpha-diol-G levels are more affected by castration than are the corresponding unconjugated steroids and suggest that these steroid glucuronides should be good markers of androgen metabolism. Moreover, the significant relationship between DHEA, ADT-G, and 3 alpha-diol-G in castrated men also suggests that approximately 30% of C-19 steroids from the adrenals are converted to T and DHT, which are further transformed into steroid glucuronides.
Studies on 2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives as gastric antiulcer active agents. 2-(4-Chlorobenzoylamino)-3-(2(1H)-quinolinon-4-yl)propionic acid and related compounds. (1985)

A series of N-acyl amino acid analogues of 2 (1H)-quinolinone was synthesized and tested for antiulcer activity against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. These compounds were synthesized by the acylation of amino acid derivatives of 2 (1H)-quinolinone, which were obtained from the reaction of ω-bromoalkyl 2 (1H)-quinolinones and acetamidomalonate in the presence of sodium ethoxide, followed by hydrolysis with diluted hydrochloric acid. Among them, 2-(4-chlorobenzoylamino)-3-[2 (1H)-quinolinon-4-yl] propionic acid (VIIIf) was found to have the most potent activity. The structure-activity relationships are discussed.
Molecular characterization of a gene that confers 2‐deoxyglucose resistance in yeast (1994)

We have isolated a gene whose expression enables yeast cells to overcome the inhibition of growth produced by the presence of 2-deoxyglucose. The gene contains an open reading frame of 738 bp that may code for a protein of 27,100 Da. Cells carrying this gene contain high levels of a specific 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase. The expression of this phosphatase is increased by the presence of 2-deoxyglucose and is constant along the growth curve.
Adaptive feedback interference cancellation system (AF-ICS) (2003)

In this paper, the adaptive feedback interference cancellation system(AF-ICS) is suggested in order to cancel the feedback signal in the wireless communication system with the same frequency. AF-ICS prevents the oscillation of the receiver system and maintains the maximum output power of the power amplifier by the reduction of time-varying feedback signal. The cancellation ratio and the error ratio of the adaptive detector are achieved as simulation result of 40/spl sim/44 dB and the performance index (cancellation ratio and error ratio) of the adaptive detector is 13/spl sim/15 dB in the system implementation. AF-ICS improves total channel power about 4.11 dBm under CDMA-3FA and 90 dB feedback loss.
Crystallographic studies of metal ion - DNA interactions: different binding modes of cobalt(II), copper(II) and barium(II) to N7of guanines in Z-DNA and a drug-DNA complex (1993)

Metal ion coordination to nucleic acids is not only required for charge neutralization, it is also essential for the biological function of nucleic acids. The structural impact of different metal ion coordinations of DNA helices is an open question. We carried out X-ray diffraction analyses of the interactions of the two transition metal ions Co(II) and Cu(II) and an alkaline earth metal ion Ba(II), with DNA of different conformations. In crystals, Co(II) ion binds exclusively at the N7 position of guanine bases by direct coordination. The coordination geometry around Co(II) is octahedral, although some sites have an incomplete hydration shell. The averaged Co-N7 bond distance is 2.3 A. The averaged Co-N7-C8 angle is 121 degrees, significantly smaller than the value of 128 degrees if the Co-N7 vector were to bisect the C5-N7-C8 bond angle. Model building of Co(II) binding to guanine N7 in B-DNA indicates that the coordinated waters in the axial positions would have a van der Waals clash with the neighboring base on the 5' side. In contrast, the major groove of A-DNA does not have enough room to accommodate the entire hydration shell. This suggests that Co(II) binding to either B-DNA or A-DNA may induce significant conformational changes. The Z-DNA structure of Cu(II)-soaked CGCGTG crystal revealed that the Cu(II) ion is bis-coordinated to N7 position of G10 and #G12 (# denotes a symmetry-related position) bases with a trigonal bipyramid geometry, suggesting a possible N7-Cu-N7 crosslinking mechanism. A similar bis-coordination to two guanines has also been seen in the interaction of Cu(II) in m5CGUAm5CG Z-DNA crystal and of Ba(II) with two other Z-DNA crystals.
Structural forms of single crystal semiconductor nanoribbons for high-performance stretchable electronics (2007)

This feature article reviews some concepts for forming single-crystalline semiconductor nanoribbons in ‘stretchable’ geometrical configurations with emphasis on the materials and surface chemistries used in their fabrication and the mechanics of their response to applied strains. As implemented with ribbons that have periodic or aperiodic sinusoidal ‘wavy’ or ‘buckled’ shapes and are surface chemically bonded to elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) supports, these concepts enable levels of mechanical stretchability (and compressibility) that exceed, by orders of magnitude, the intrinsic fracture strains in the ribbon materials themselves. These results, in combination with active functional device elements that can be formed on the surfaces of these ‘wavy’ or ‘buckled’ ribbons, represent a class of potentially valuable building blocks for stretchable electronics, with application possibilities in personal or structural health monitors, sensory skins, spherically curved focal plane arrays and other systems that cannot be achieved easily with other approaches.
A generalized formula for inertial lift on a sphere in microchannels (2016)

We propose a fitting formula for the inertial lift on a sphere drawn from direct numerical simulation data obtained in straight microchannels. The formula consists of four terms that represent the shear-gradient-induced lift, the wall-induced lift, the slip-shear lift, and the correction of the shear-gradient-induced lift, respectively.
Activation of the orphan receptor RIP14 by retinoids (1997)

Retinoids are crucial regulators of a wide variety of processes in both developing and adult animals. These effects are thought to be mediated by the retinoic acid (RA) receptors and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs). We have identified an additional retinoid-activated receptor that is neither a retinoic acid receptors nor an RXR. RXR-interacting protein 14 (RIP14), a recently described orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, can be activated by either all-trans-RA (tRA) or the synthetic retinoid TTNPB [[E]-4-[2-(5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydro-5, 5, 8, 8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)propen-1-yl]benzoic acid].RIP14 binds to DNA as a heterodimer with RXR. In the presence of either tRA or TTNPB, the addition of 9-cis-RA or the RXR-specific agonist LG1069 [4-[1-(3, 5, 5, 8, 8-pentamethyl-5, 6, 7, 8-tertrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethenyl]benzoic acid] results in additional activation. Mutations of the ligand-dependent transcriptional activation functions indicate that TTNPB activates the RIP14 component of the RIP14-RXR heterodimer, that 9-cis-RA and LG1069 activate RXR, and that tRA activates via both RIP14 and RXR. Despite the very effective activation of RIP14 by tRA or TTNPB, relatively high concentrations of these compounds are required, and no evidence for direct binding of either compound was obtained using several approaches. These results suggest that RIP14 is the receptor for an as-yet-unidentified retinoid metabolite.
Automatic Endmember Extraction from Hyperspectral Data for Mineral Exploration (1999)

Linear unmixing is a commonly used technique for the analysis of imaging spectrometer data. This procedure requires the use of 'endmember' spectra which represent pure target species. One of the methods under investigation at Canada Centre for Remote Sensing for the automatic extraction of endmembers from the image cube, is called the 'Iterative Error Analysis', (IEA) method. This procedure is described, and the results of its application to a data set acquired over Nevada are presented.
Cysteine Substitutions in Apolipoprotein A-I Primary Structure Modulate Paraoxonase Activity (2001)

Paraoxonase (PON) is transported primarily on apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) -containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and is thought to protect against early atherogenic events including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and monocyte migration. It has been proposed that apoA-I may be necessary for PON's association with plasma HDL. On the basis of this, we examined the effect of apoA-I on PON's enzymatic activity and its ability to associate with HDL. Additionally, we examined whether changes in apoA-I primary structure (cysteine substitution mutations) could modulate these effects. Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with human PON1A cDNA were incubated in the presence and absence of recombinant wild-type apoA-I (apoA-I(WT)) and specific Cys substitution mutations. Extracellular accumulation of PON activity in the presence of apoA-I(WT) was 0.095 +/- 0.013 unit/mg of cell protein (n = 7) compared to 0.034 +/- 0.010 unit/mg of cell protein in the absence of apoA-I (n = 7), a 2.79-fold increase in activity when apoA-I was incubated with the cells. Lipid-free apoA-I did not increase PON activity, while preformed nascent HDL increased PON activity only 30%, suggesting that maximal PON activity is lipid-dependent and requires coassembly of PON and apoA-I on nascent HDL. The cysteine mutations R10C, R27C, and R61C significantly increased (p < 0.01) PON activity 32.6% +/- 14.7%, 31.6% +/- 18.9%, and 27.4% +/- 20%, respectively, over that of wild type (WT). No changes in PON activity were observed with apoA-I cysteine substitution mutations in the C-terminal portion of the protein. The data suggest that, for optimal PON activity, coassembly of the enzyme onto nascent HDL is required and that the N-terminal region of apoA-I may be important in the assembly process.
Expression of outer surface proteins A and C of Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes ricinus (1995)

A total of 472 field-collected Ixodes ricinus ticks from southern Germany were investigated by immunofluorescence for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi with a polyvalent rabbit immune serum and with monoclonal antibodies specific for outer surface proteins A and C (OspA and OspC, respectively). Borreliae were detected in 90 ticks with the polyvalent immunofluorescence assay. Infection rates in adults (females, 20.2%; males, 25.2%) were significantly higher than in nymphs (12.1%). OspA was detected in 77 ticks and OspC was detected in only 1 tick with the respective monoclonal antibodies. We therefore conclude that B. burgdorferi in unfed I. ricinus ticks usually expresses OspA and very rarely OspC.
Problems of somatic mutation and cancer (2004)

Somatic mutation plays a key role in transforming normal cells into cancerous cells. The analysis of cancer progression therefore requires the study of how point mutations and chromosomal mutations accumulate in cellular lineages. The spread of somatic mutations depends on the mutation rate, the number of cell divisions in the history of a cellular lineage, and the nature of competition between different cellular lineages. We consider how various aspects of tissue architecture and cellular competition affect the pace of mutation accumulation. We also discuss the rise and fall of somatic mutation rates during cancer progression.
Learning with Lookahead: Can History-Based Models Rival Globally Optimized Models? (2011)

This paper shows that the performance of history-based models can be significantly improved by performing lookahead in the state space when making each classification decision. Instead of simply using the best action output by the classifier, we determine the best action by looking into possible sequences of future actions and evaluating the final states realized by those action sequences. We present a perceptron-based parameter optimization method for this learning framework and show its convergence properties. The proposed framework is evaluated on partof-speech tagging, chunking, named entity recognition and dependency parsing, using standard data sets and features. Experimental results demonstrate that history-based models with lookahead are as competitive as globally optimized models including conditional random fields (CRFs) and structured perceptrons. 1
A study of adhesion molecules as markers of progression in malignant melanoma (1992)

Adhesion molecules are substances which are involved in the interactions between cells, and between cells and the extracellular matrix in both benign and malignant tissues. Two members of this group--intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and MUC18--have previously been found to be expressed on melanoma; however, studies seeking a correlation between expression and metastatic behaviour have yielded conflicting results. In this study we investigated the expression of these two antigens and that of a number of other adhesion molecules [VCAM-1, ELAM, and the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)] on a range of benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. Both ICAM-1 and MUC18 were found on a high percentage of all melanocytic lesions including benign naevi. VCAM-1 was found to be expressed on 79 per cent of benign naevi, 62 per cent of primary melanomas less than 1.5 mm in depth, and 6 per cent of thick primaries. The antigen was present on 14 per cent of lymph node metastases and on no extranodal deposits. This suggests that loss of melanoma cell adhesion mediated by VCAM-1 may be important in the development of metastatic melanoma.
Structure of the cytochrome bc1-complex from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)

Conference Abstract| June 01 1999 Structure of the cytochrome bc1-complex from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae C. Hunte; C. Hunte 1Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str.7, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. Koepke; J. Koepke 1Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str.7, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H. Michel H. Michel 1Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str.7, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1999) 27 (3): A81. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst027a081 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation C. Hunte, J. Koepke, H. Michel; Structure of the cytochrome bc1-complex from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1999; 27 (3): A81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst027a081 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1999 Biochemical Society1999 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Receptor Organizes in Dynamic Protein Complexes at the Lysosomal Membrane (2008)

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective type of autophagy by which specific cytosolic proteins are sent to lysosomes for degradation. Substrate proteins bind to the lysosomal membrane through the lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP-2A), one of the three splice variants of the lamp2 gene, and this binding is limiting for their degradation via CMA. However, the mechanisms of substrate binding and uptake remain unknown. We report here that LAMP-2A organizes at the lysosomal membrane into protein complexes of different sizes. The assembly and disassembly of these complexes are a very dynamic process directly related to CMA activity. Substrate proteins only bind to monomeric LAMP-2A, while the efficient translocation of substrates requires the formation of a particular high-molecular-weight LAMP-2A complex. The two major chaperones related to CMA, hsc70 and hsp90, play critical roles in the functional dynamics of the LAMP-2A complexes at the lysosomal membrane. Thus, we have identified a novel function for hsc70 in the disassembly of LAMP-2A from these complexes, whereas the presence of lysosome-associated hsp90 is essential to preserve the stability of LAMP-2A at the lysosomal membrane.
Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) Acetylhydrolase and Plasma Lipoproteins: Relative Distribution of the Activity among Lipoprotein Classes (1988)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been identified as 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and is inactivated through the hydrolytic removal of sn-2 acetate by the action of a specific enzyme, PAF acetylhydrolase. This enzyme has been found in plasma in the form of complexes with low density and high density lipoproteins. Although PAF has been implicated in various pathological conditions such as inflammatory reactions, atherogenesis, thrombogenesis, etc., its precise role in these disease processes is not known due mainly to difficulty in quantifying the content of PAF or its metabolite in biological materials; and estimation of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase activity may provide an effective measure to investigate the role of PAF in various diseases. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between PAF acetylhydrolase and plasma lipoproteins in healthy adults was observed.Thirty-nine male and fifty-five female healthy adults ranging in age from 33 to 89 years old were studied. Fasting blood samples were obtained using 1/10 volume of 3.8% trisodium citrate as an anticoagulant. Plasma PAF acetylhydrolase activity was estimated according to the method of Stafforini et al., in which [3H]acetate liberated from [2-acetyl-3H]PAF, by incubation with plasma, was quantified by scintillation spectrometry. In 29 cases, plasma lipoproteins were separated by ultracentrifugation and PAF acetylhydrolase activity in each fraction was assayed in a similar manner.The average values of PAF acetylhydrolase activity in male healthy adults were 83±35.9nmol/ml/min, and it was significantly higher than that in female: 67±33.1nmol/ml/min (p<0.05). There was a tendency for the activity to increase with advancing age until the fifth decade in men and the sixth decade in women; and the activity plateaued thereafter. In 29 subjects, LDL and HDL were found to carry the activity of 62±34.2 and 18±8.9nmol/ml/min, respectively; these were 77±9.5% and 23±9.3% of the total plasma activity. Plasma PAF acetylhydrolase activity correlated positively with the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apo B.These results may serve as a basis for the further studies of PAF acetylhydrolase and lipoprotein metabolism.
Clozapine-induced myoclonic seizures and valproic acid (1998)

Within a 3-year period, in 220 patients receiving clozapine, we observed myoclonic seizures in two who had no previous epileptic history. Seizures appeared at the titration phase at relatively low doses, and resolved with the addition of valproic acid, allowing further increases of the clozapine dose to therapeutic levels.
Pivotal Role of Antibody and Subsidiary Contribution of CD8+T Cells to Recovery from Infection in a Murine Model of Japanese Encephalitis (2011)

The immunological correlates for recovery from primary Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in humans and experimental animals remain poorly defined. To investigate the relative importance of the adaptive immune responses, we have established a mouse model for Japanese encephalitis in which a low-dose virus inoculum was administered into the footpads of adult C57BL/6 mice. In this model, ~60% of the mice developed a fatal encephalitis and a virus burden in the central nervous system (CNS). Using mice lacking B cells (μMT(-/-) mice) and immune B cell transfer to wild-type mice, we show a critically important role for humoral immunity in preventing virus spread to the CNS. T cell help played an essential part in the maintenance of an effective antibody response necessary to combat the infection, since mice lacking major histocompatibility complex class II showed truncated IgM and blunted IgG responses and uniformly high lethality. JEV infection resulted in extensive CD8(+) T cell activation, judged by upregulation of surface markers CD69 and CD25 and cytokine production after stimulation with a JEV NS4B protein-derived H-2D(b)-binding peptide and trafficking of virus-immune CD8(+) T cells into the CNS. However, no significant effect of CD8(+) T cells on the survival phenotype was found, which was corroborated in knockout mice lacking key effector molecules (Fas receptor, perforin, or granzymes) of cytolytic pathways triggered by T lymphocytes. Accordingly, CD8(+) T cells are mostly dispensable for recovery from infection with JEV. This finding highlights the conflicting role that CD8(+) T cells play in the pathogenesis of JEV and closely related encephalitic flaviviruses such as West Nile virus.
Vibration-to-electric energy conversion (2001)

A system is proposed to convert ambient mechanical vibration into electrical energy for use in powering autonomous low power electronic systems. The energy is transduced through the use of a variable capacitor. Using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, such a device has been designed for the system. A low-power controller IC has been fabricated in a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS process and has been tested and measured for losses. Based on the tests, the system is expected to produce 8 /spl mu/W of usable power. In addition to the fabricated programmable controller, an ultra low-power delay locked loop (DLL)-based system capable of autonomously achieving a steady-state lock to the vibration frequency is described.