gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
스포츠심리학 : 유아의 기질과 운동능력에 관한 연구 (1999)

본 연구는 유아들의 기질과 운동능력과의 관계를 알아봄으로써, 운동능력의 개인차에 영향을 주는 하나의 변인으로서의 기질의 역할을 알아보고, 아울러 유아들의 운동능력 향상에 도움을 주는 운동 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적을 두었다.
연구 대상은 서울시에 소재한 5개 유치원에 재학 중인 만 5, 6세 유아 376명을 대상으로 하였으며, 기질의 측정은 연구용 기질평정척도 (천희영, 1993), 운동능력의 측정은 기초운동능력검사 (Arnheim & Sinclair, 1979)를 사용하였다. 자료의 분석은 windows용 SAS (ver. 6.12) 프로그램을 사용하였고, 성별에 따른 기질과 운동능력의 차이는 T-test를 실시하였으며, 기질의 차원들과 운동능력의 요인들간의 상관관계는 피어슨 상관분석을 통하여 알아보았다. 그에 따른 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 남, 여 성별에 따른 기질적 차이는 반응성에서만 여자가 남자보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 여자가 더욱 자극에 예민하며, 약한 자극에도 민감하게 반응하고 강하게 반응한다는 것을 의미한다. 그 외 다른 차원들에서는 남, 여의 유의한 차가 나타나지 않았다.
둘째, 남, 여 성별에 따른 운동능력의 차이는 순발력과 민첩성, 그리고 유연성에서는 유의한 차가 나타났다. 이것은 남자가 여자보다 순발력이 높고, 민첩성 또한 남자가 여자보다는 높은 것을 의미한다. 그러나 유연성은 여자가 남자보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그 외 협응성과 평형성에서는 남, 여의 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.
셋째, 기질과 운동능력의 상관관계는 활동성과 순발력에서 낮은 정적상관이 나타났고, 반응성과 협응성 그리고 반응성과 순발력은 낮은 부적상관이 나타났다.
Different Bacterial Populations Associated with the Roots and Rhizosphere of Rice Incorporate Plant-Derived Carbon (2015)

Microorganisms associated with the roots of plants have an important function in plant growth and in soil carbon sequestration. Rice cultivation is the second largest anthropogenic source of atmospheric CH4, which is a significant greenhouse gas. Up to 60% of fixed carbon formed by photosynthesis in plants is transported below ground, much of it as root exudates that are consumed by microorganisms. A stable isotope probing (SIP) approach was used to identify microorganisms using plant carbon in association with the roots and rhizosphere of rice plants. Rice plants grown in Italian paddy soil were labeled with (13)CO2 for 10 days. RNA was extracted from root material and rhizosphere soil and subjected to cesium gradient centrifugation followed by 16S rRNA amplicon pyrosequencing to identify microorganisms enriched with (13)C. Thirty operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were labeled and mostly corresponded to Proteobacteria (13 OTUs) and Verrucomicrobia (8 OTUs). These OTUs were affiliated with the Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria classes of Proteobacteria and the "Spartobacteria" and Opitutae classes of Verrucomicrobia. In general, different bacterial groups were labeled in the root and rhizosphere, reflecting different physicochemical characteristics of these locations. The labeled OTUs in the root compartment corresponded to a greater proportion of the 16S rRNA sequences (∼20%) than did those in the rhizosphere (∼4%), indicating that a proportion of the active microbial community on the roots greater than that in the rhizosphere incorporated plant-derived carbon within the time frame of the experiment.
Risk Factor and Behavioral Differences Between Vascular and Alzheimer's Dementias: The Pathway to End-Stage Disease (1993)

Differences between vascular dementia and Alzheimer's dementia may be present in both risk factors and in behavioral manifestations. Behavioral distinctions may be apparent only at particular stages of the disease process, but comparisons at different stages require a large number of subjects. The California Alzheimer Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Center Program has collected data on a large number of subjects with dementia. We examined differences in risk factors and in behaviors in 502 subjects with vascular dementia and 810 subjects with probable Alzheimer's dementia. With respect to risk factors, vascular dementia subjects were more likely to have a history of general anesthesia. We found no difference in history of closed head trauma, family history of dementia, or cigarette smoking, suggesting that these factors are less likely to have a disease-specific etiologic role. With respect to behaviors, subjects with vascular dementia were more likely to have depression in all stages of dementia. Subjects with Alzheimer's dementia were more likely to exhibit wandering in the middle or late stages. Subjects were similar in five other behavioral factors in the three stages studied. We conclude that general anesthesia is a risk factor for vascular dementia and that depression is more prevalent in vascular dementia, while wandering is more characteristic of Alzheimer's dementia.
Immunological induction of T lymphocytes: role of antigen and the lymphocyte costimulator. (1978)

In vitro T cell activation requires both antigen presentation and a second stimulus provided by the lymphocyte costimulator. Neither alone is sufficient to induce specific T cell activation. The S+ phenotype of stimulating cells is dependent on the metabolic activity of these cells. This finding is consistent with the notion that production and/or release of the costimulator is a function of metabolically active cells. The costimulator acts at an early stage of the interaction between lymphocyte and antigen, and the costimulator, or a separate maintenance factor, is required throughout the culture period for the expression of full cytotoxic activity. The lymphocyte costimulator is not strain specific but is phylogenetically specific. The activation of cytotoxic T cells by S+ cells is also phylogenetically specific, and this specificity of cellular activation can be accounted for by the species specificity of the lymphocyte costimulator.
Role of HIF-1 as a transcription factor involved in embryonic development, cancer progression and apoptosis (review). (2000)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor first identified as being activated by hypoxia but also in normoxic conditions by insulin and IGF-2. It is able to induce the expression of glycolytic genes and hence the ATP production, it also regulates the expression of the angiogenic factor VEGF and stimulates erythropoiesis via EPO production. HIF-1 is a protein necessary for the normal embryonic and cardiovascular system development, but seems to be also involved in cancer progression and apoptosis. Thus, it appears that HIF-1 plays a central role in normal cellular functions and in tissue metabolism but it is also involved in pathological evolutions raising its interest as a therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the dual role of HIF-1 as a major component of the embryo development, as well as an element of tumor progression and of anoxia-induced apoptosis.
Crankshaft Position Measurement with Applications to Ignition Timing, Diagnostics and Performance Measurement (1987)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper introduces a high accuracy method of measuring crankshaft angular position of an I-C engine. The method uses a sensor which couples magnetically to the starter ring gear. There are many automotive applications of this measurement of crankshaft angular position including ignition timing reference, engine performance measurement and certain diagnostic functions. The present paper disusses only the ignition timing application. Engine performance measurements are reported in refs. (&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span class="xref"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;). The diagnostic application is discussed in refs. (&lt;span class="xref"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span class="xref"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The passage of a starter ring gear tooth past the sensor axis causes a pulse to be generated in the sensor output. The waveform of this sensor voltage is independent of engine angular speed (including zero speed). However, this waveform is a function of gear tooth profile and is consequently influenced by gear wear.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The present method uses a finite state machine to process the sensor output signal. This method is highly versatile and is readily adaptable to provide a signal having suitable format for timing reference for an arbitrary electronic ignition system. The method is particularly well suited for a distributorless ignition system.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Another benefit of the finite state machine signal processing is its ability to correct for sensor errors. Sensor errors can occur randomly due for example to electrical noise and, in extreme cases, to broken ring gear teeth. The error correcting feature makes this method highly fault tolerant and essentially insensitive to the condition of the ring gear.&lt;/div&gt;
The Sydney Harbour Vessel Waste Control Program (1992)

The discharge of wastes from vessels is being controlled in a program implementing the NSW Government's policy to clean up the waters of Sydney Harbour. The program to date has achieved the following: - Amendments to Regulations under the Maritime Services Act, 1935, requiring holding tanks to contain sewage and galley waste in harbour based commercial vessels and sewage in new recreational craft, and prohibiting the discharge of untreated sewage from all vessels in Sydney Harbour. - The design, construction, commissioning and trialling of a public vessel sewage pumpout facility at Pyrmont Berth 20/21. - The planning for construction of additional public pumpout facilities at private marinas, selected by tender. - Agreement on effluent standards for the discharge of treated wastewaters from vessels, consistent with Annex IV of the International Convention for Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78). The history and development of the policy, problems solved in engineering design and project management, and the process of resolution of user concerns are outlined.
Efficient and Reversible Electron Doping of Semiconductor-Enriched Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Using Decamethylcobaltocene (2017)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) offer great potential for field-effect transistors and integrated circuit applications due to their extraordinary electrical properties. To date, as-made SWCNT transistors are usually p-type in air, and it still remains challenging for realizing n-type devices. Herein, we present efficient and reversible electron doping of semiconductor-enriched single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) by firstly utilizing decamethylcobaltocene (DMC) deposited by a simple spin-coating process at room temperature as an electron donor. A n-type transistor behavior with high on current, large I <sub>on</sub> /I <sub>off</sub> ratio and excellent uniformity is obtained by surface charge transfer from the electron donor DMC to acceptor s-SWCNTs, which is further corroborated by the Raman spectra and the ab initio simulation results. The DMC dopant molecules could be reversibly removed by immersion in N, N-Dimethylformamide solvent, indicating its reversibility and providing another way to control the carrier concentration effectively as well as selective removal of surface dopants on demand. Furthermore, the n-type behaviors including threshold voltage, on current, field-effect mobility, contact resistances, etc. are well controllable by adjusting the surface doping concentration. This work paves the way to explore and obtain high-performance n-type nanotubes for future complementary CMOS circuit and system applications.
Expression of the CD34 gene in vascular endothelial cells (1990)

All seven of a set of CD34 monoclonal antibodies that recognize epitopes on an approximately 110 Kd glycoprotein on human hemopoietic progenitor cells also bind to vascular endothelium. Capillaries of most tissues are CD34 positive, as are umbilical artery and, to a lesser extent, vein, but the endothelium of most large vessels and the endothelium of placental sinuses are not. Angioblastoma cells and parafollicular mesenchymal cells in fetal skin are also CD34 positive, as are some stromal elements. An approximately 110 Kd protein can be identified by Western blot analysis with CD34 antibodies in detergent extracts of freshly isolated umbilical vessel endothelial cells, and CD34 mRNA is present in cultured umbilical vein cells as well as other tissues rich in vascular endothelium (breast, placenta). These data indicate that the binding of CD34 antibodies to vascular endothelium is to the CD34 gene product, and not to crossreactive epitopes. Despite the presence of CD34 mRNA in cultured, proliferating endothelial cells, the latter do not bind CD34 antibodies. In addition, CD34 antigen cannot be upregulated by growth factors. We conclude that under these conditions, CD34 protein is downregulated or processed into another form that is unreactive with CD34 antibodies. Electron microscopy of umbilical artery, breast, and kidney capillary vessels reveals that in all three sites, CD34 molecules are concentrated on membrane processes, many of which interdigitate between adjacent endothelial cells. However, well-established endothelial cell contacts with tight junctions are CD34 negative. CD34 may function as an adhesion molecule on both endothelial cells and hematopoietic progenitors.
Doc at a Distance (2006)

A team of scientists from the US Army's Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center is working to develop a new generation of remotely-controlled surgical robots that would allow military doctors, stationed safely distant from the front line, to perform operations without once putting their hands on patients. Part of the High Altitude Platforms Mobile Robotics Telesurgery project, this endeavor aims to demonstrate the concept of remote robotic surgery in the field, using a rugged surgical robot and an airborne communications link. With medical vehicles equipped with such remote-controlled robots, surgical care can be provided to soldiers in a lot less time than it would take to evacuate them to the nearest base or hospital. The team hopes these robots could also be used to bring advanced medical care not just to soldiers but to people in remote locations lacking in specialized physicians. A prototype of these remote-controlled robots is undergoing field testing at an isolated site north of Simi Valley in southwestern California to evaluate how well it performs outside the controlled environment of an operating with less than ideal conditions
Elevated Serum Interleukin-6 Levels in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer (1998)

The vast majority of pancreatic cancer patients have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis and they eventually become so emaciated that death primarily occurs from cancer cachexia. Cancer cachexia may be mediated by certain cytokines such as interleukin-6. In this study, we measured serum interleukin-6 levels in 55 patients with histologically proven pancreatic cancer and investigated their relationships to the clinical status of pancreatic cancer. A control population of 20 normal healthy adults and 25 chronic pancreatitis patients with comparable gender and age distribution characteristics was also studied. Serum interleukin-6 levels were measured using a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thirty pancreatic cancer patients (54.5%) had detectable levels, although interleukin-6 levels were detectable in only one healthy control and in two chronic pancreatitis patients. The specificity of serum interleukin-6 in this population was 93.3%, resulting in high diagnostic accuracy (72.0%). Among the pancreatic cancer patients, the detection rates of serum interleukin-6 levels increased significantly with the disease extent (p < 0.01). Moreover, a significant difference was also found in the detection rates between the 30 pancreatic cancer patients with body weight loss (76.7%) and the remaining 25 patients without weight loss (28.0%, p < 0.01). These results may provide new insight into both diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, because the diagnostic accuracy of serum interleukin-6 was high and because anti-interleukin-6 therapeutics could improve symptoms in pancreatic cancer patients with high interleukin-6 levels.
Informing memory operations (1998)

Memory latency is an important bottleneck in system performance that cannot be adequately solved by hardware alone. Several promising software techniques have been shown to address this problem successfully in specific situations. However, the generality of these software approaches has been limited because current architecturtes do not provide a fine-grained, low-overhead mechanism for observing and reacting to memory behavior directly. To fill this need, this article proposes a new class of memory operations called informing memory operations , which essentially consist of a memory operatin combined (either implicitly or explicitly) with a conditional branch-and-ink operation that is taken only if the reference suffers a cache miss. This article describes two different implementations of informing memory operations. One is based on a cache-outcome condition code, and the other is based on low-overhead traps. We find that modern in-order-issue and out-of-order-issue superscalar processors already contain the bulk of the necessary hardware support. We describe how a number of software-based memory optimizations can exploit informing memory operations to enhance performance, and we look at cache coherence with fine-grained access control as a case study. Our performance results demonstrate that the runtime overhead of invoking the informing mechanism on the Alpha 21164 and MIPS R10000 processors is generally small enough to provide considerable flexibility to hardware and software designers, and that the cache coherence application has improved performance compared to other current solutions. We believe that the inclusion of informing memory operations in future processors may spur even more innovative performance optimizations.
Cellular pharmacokinetics and cytotoxicity of camptothecin and topotecan at normal and acidic pH. (1997)

pH-mediated conversions in the structure of the topoisomerase (topo) I inhibitors camptothecin (CPT) and its analogues have strong implications for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these novel anticancer agents. Because the cell-penetrating and biologically active lactone isomers predominate at acidic conditions, we have tested if low pH potentiates the cytotoxic and antitumor effects of CPT and its water-soluble derivative topotecan (TPT). In L1210 leukemia cells, rapid initial uptake of radiolabeled CPT and TPT was followed by a gradual release from cells at physiological pH 7.4, whereas high drug levels were maintained in cells at pH 6.2. Steady-state uptake levels of CPT increased proportionally, up to 5-fold, with decreasing pH of the incubating medium (from 7.4 to 6.0). With TPT, a maximum 3-fold increase was observed at pH 6.8 to 6.4. By contrast, the cellular pharmacokinetics of the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide (ETP) were independent of the ambient pH. The large increases in intracellular CPT and TPT levels caused only moderate potentiation of cytotoxicity in short-term incubations. Conditions of very low pH < or =6.2 even antagonized the cytotoxicity of the topo I and topo II inhibitors, due to inhibition of DNA synthesis by intracellular acidification. However, in clinically relevant schedules of prolonged exposures at low drug concentration, low pH potentiated the cytotoxicity of CPT and TPT by 2-3-fold. To investigate the effect of local pH in vivo, the basal interstitial pH of 6.8 of RIF-1 tumors was selectively lowered by i.p. injection of the host animals with the mitochondrial inhibitor meta-iodobenzylguanidine (32 mg/kg) and glucose (1.5 g/kg). In accordance with the pH optimum for TPT uptake at pH 6.8 to 6.4, tumor acidification had no effect on the antitumor effect of this analogue. By contrast, the intervention significantly potentiated the response of tumors to CPT. The results indicate that local pH is an important determinant of the cellular pharmacokinetics and the antitumor activity of CPT and analogues.
Analysis of chromosomal integration and deletions of yeast plasmids (1977)

Plasmid DNAs from six strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared. Three different plasmids were found, designated Scp 1, Scp 2 and Scp 3, with monomer lengths of 6.19, 6.06 and 5.97 kilobases as referenced to sequenced phiX174 DNA. DNA from each of the plasmids was inserted into a lambda vector DNA. Hybrid phage containing inserted DNA of the desired size were enriched by genetic selection and their DNAs analysed by rapid techniques. All three plasmids share the same organization, two unique sequences separated by two inverted repeats, and share basically the same DNA sequences. Scp 2 and Scp 3 differ from Scp 1 by missing a unique HpaI site and by having small overlapping deletions in the same region. The HpaI site in Scp 1 is, therefore, in a nonessential region and suitable for insertion of foreign DNA in the potential use of the yeast plasmid as a vector. Hybridization of labelled cloned plasmid DNA to restriction fragments of linear yeast DNA separated on agarose gels showed that the plasmid DNA was not stably integrated into the yeast chromosomal DNA.
Purification and characterization of a 20-kDa protein that is highly homologous to alpha B crystallin. (1994)

A 20-kDa protein (p20) that had internal amino acid sequences highly similar to those of alpha B crystallin was purified from rat and human skeletal muscle. p20 co-eluted with alpha B crystallin and HSP27/28 during column chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and on Bio-Gel A-5m. p20 was separated from alpha B crystallin and HSP27/28 and was resolved into two fractions, a minor first peak and a major second peak, by column chromatography on S-Sepharose in the presence of 7 M urea. During chromatography on a column of Superdex 75pg, even in the presence of 7 M urea, p20 in the second peak was eluted as aggregates near the exclusion volume of the column, whereas p20 in the first peak was eluted in fractions that corresponded to a lower molecular mass. Further chromatography on a TSK-SP-5PW column yielded pure preparations of each of the two forms of rat and human p20. The fragmentation patterns of the two forms of the respective p20 proteins generated by digestion with endoproteinase Asp-N were identical. The primary structures of rat and human p20, determined with an NH2-terminal sequenator, were highly homologous to those of alpha B crystallin and HSP27/28. p20 was present in all rat tissues examined and at high levels (> 1 micrograms/mg protein) in the soleus muscle, heart, and diaphragm, as are alpha B crystallin and HSP27. Centrifugation on sucrose density gradients allowed detection of the aggregated form and the small form of p20, as well as of HSP27, in extracts of rat muscle tissues. During heating at 45 degrees C of tissue in vitro, p20 in rat diaphragm was redistributed from the cytoplasm to the insoluble fraction, and dissociation of the aggregated p20 to the small form was enhanced. These results suggest that p20 is related to stress proteins.
Re-optimizing data-parallel computing (2012)

Abstract – Performant execution of data-parallel jobs needs good execution plans. Certain properties of the code, the data, and the interaction between them are crucial to generate these plans. Yet, these properties are difcult to estimate due to the highly distributed nature of these frameworks, the freedom that allows users to specify arbitrary code as operations on the data, and since jobs in modern clusters have evolved beyond single map and reduce phases to logical graphs of operations. Using xed apriori estimates of these properties to choose execution plans, as modern systems do, leads to poor performance in several instances. We present RoPE, a rst step towards re-optimizing data-parallel jobs. RoPE collects certain code and data properties by piggybacking on job execution. It adapts execution plans by feeding these properties to a query optimizer. We show how this improves the future invocations of the same (and similar) jobs and characterize the scenarios of bene t. Experiments on Bing’s production clusters show up to × improvement across response time for production jobs at th the percentile while using. × fewer resources. 1.