gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional inhibition of hematopoietic and neurotrophic cytokines by blocking the interleukin 6 signal transducer gp130. (1992)

Functional pleiotropy and redundancy are characteristic features of cytokines. To understand the signaling mechanisms of such cytokines, we have proposed a two-chain interleukin (IL) 6 receptor model: IL-6 triggers the association of a ligand-binding chain (IL-6 receptor) and a nonbinding signal transducer (gp130) to form a high-affinity receptor complex, resulting in transmission of the signal by the cytoplasmic portion of gp130. This model would explain the functional redundancy of cytokines if we were to assume that gp130 interacts with several different receptor chains. Here we present data indicating that gp130 functions as a common signal transducer for IL-6, oncostatin M, leukemia inhibitory factor, and ciliary neurotrophic factor. We show that anti-gp130 monoclonal antibodies completely block the biological responses induced by all of these factors. Since leukemia inhibitory factor functions as a cholinergic differentiation factor in nerve cells, as does ciliary neurotrophic factor, these results suggest that gp130 may also play a role in the nervous system.
The tetracycline resistance determinants of RP1 and Tnl721: nucleotide sequence analysis (1983)

Nucleotide sequences of the homologous tetracycline resistance (tet) determinants of plasmid RP1 and transposon Tn1721 have been determined. Two open reading frames of divergent polarity have been assigned to a regulatory gene (tetR) and a gene encoding a resistance protein (tetA). The intercistronic region contains appropriate regulatory and transcription signals. The tetR gene can code for a protein of 216 araino acids (deduced mol.wt. 23,288) and the tetA gene for a protein of 399 amino acids (deduced raol. wt. 42,205). Based on the deduced amino acid sequence, the tetA proteins of RP1/Tn1721 are 78% homologous with that of pBR322 and 45% homologous with that of TnlO. We conclude that a single tetA gene mediates resistance in each of these tet determinants.
Vortex-driven acoustically coupled combustion instabilities (1987)

Combustion instability is investigated in the case of a multiple inlet combustor with dump. It is shown that low-frequency instabilities are acoustically coupled and occur at the eigenfrequencies of the system. Using spark-schlieren and a special phase-average imaging of the C 2 -radical emission, the fluid-mechanical processes involved in a vortex-driven mode of instability are investigated. The phase-average images provide maps of the local non-steady heat release. From the data collected on the combustor the processes of vortex shedding, growth, interactions and burning are described. The phases between the pressure, velocity and heat-release fluctuations are determined. The implications of the global Rayleigh criterion are verified and a mechanism for low-frequency vortex-driven instabilities is proposed.
Domain Ontology Management Environment (2005)

Service-oriented business-to-business e-commerce requires dynamic and open interoperable information systems. Although most large organisations have information regarding products, services and customers stored in databases, and XML/DTD allows these to be published over the Internet, sharing information among these systems has been prevented by semantic heterogeneity. True electronic commerce will not happen until the semantics of the terms used to model these information systems can be captured and processed by computers. Developing a machine processable ontology (vocabulary) is intrinsically hard. The semantics of a term varies from one context to another. We believe ontology engineering will be a major effort of any future application development. In this paper we describe our work on building a Domain Ontology Management Environment (DOME). DOME is developing techniques for ontology-based information content description and a suite of tools for domain ontology management. Information content description extends traditional meta data to an ontology. This makes it possible to dynamically find relevant data sources based on content and to integrate them as needed.
The Gmicro/500 superscalar microprocessor with branch buffers (1993)

The Gmicro/500, which features a RISC-like dual-pipeline structure for high-speed execution of basic instructions and represents a significant advance for the TRON architecture, is presented. Upwardly-object-compatible with earlier members of the Gmicro series, this microprocessor uses resident dedicated branch buffers to greatly enhance branch instruction execution speed. Its microprograms simultaneously use dual execution blocks to execute high-level language instructions effectively. Fabricated with a 0.6- mu m CMOS technology on a 10.9-mm*16-mm die, the chip operates at 50/66 MHz and achieves a processing rate of 100/132 MIPS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Excess Length of Stay, Charges, and Mortality Attributable to Medical Injuries During Hospitalization (2003)

Some injuries incurred during hospitalization pose a significant threat to patients and costs to society, but the impact of such injury is highly variable.
Development of B-lineage Predominant Lentiviral Vectors for Use in Genetic Therapies for B Cell Disorders (2010)

Sustained, targeted, high-level transgene expression in primary B lymphocytes may be useful for gene therapy in B cell disorders. We developed several candidate B-lineage predominant self-inactivating lentiviral vectors (LV) containing alternative enhancer/promoter elements including: the immunoglobulin β (Igβ) (B29) promoter combined with the immunoglobulin µ enhancer (EµB29); and the endogenous BTK promoter with or without Eµ (EµBtkp or Btkp). LV-driven enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter expression was evaluated in cell lines and primary cells derived from human or murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). In murine primary cells, EµB29 and EµBtkp LV-mediated high-level expression in immature and mature B cells compared with all other lineages. Expression increased with B cell maturation and was maintained in peripheral subsets. Expression in T and myeloid cells was much lower in percentage and intensity. Similarly, both EµB29 and EµBtkp LV exhibited high-level activity in human primary B cells. In contrast to EµB29, Btkp and EµBtkp LV also exhibited modest activity in myeloid cells, consistent with the expression profile of endogenous Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Notably, EµB29 and EµBtkp activity was superior in all expression models to an alternative, B-lineage targeted vector containing the EµS.CD19 enhancer/promoter. In summary, EµB29 and EµBtkp LV comprise efficient delivery platforms for gene expression in B-lineage cells.
Methemoglobinemia resulting from absorption of nitrates (1979)

Three cases of toxic methemoglobinemia resulted from absorption of nitrate salts through burned skin areas. In addition to the unusual route of intoxication, this report emphasizes the occupational hazard of methemoglobinemia in workers exposed to nitrogen salts and the importance of rapid diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis of methemoglobinemia should be suspected in any case of cyanosis refractory to oxygen therapy. Appropriate treatment should include oxygen, methylene blue, and exchange transfusion in clinically severe cases. (<i>JAMA</i>242:2869-2871, 1979)
TALx86: A Realistic Typed Assembly Language∗ (1999)

In previous work, we presented a formalism for a statically typed, idealized assembly language called TAL. The goal of TAL was to provide an extremely lowlevel, statically-typed target language that is better suited than Java bytecodes for supporting a wide variety of source languages and a number of important optimizations. In this paper, we present our progress in defining and implementinga realistic typed assembly language called TALx86. The TALx86 instructions comprise a relatively complete fragment of the Intel IA32 (32-bit 80x86 flat model) assembly language and are thus executable on processors such as the Intel Pentium. The type system for the language incorporates a number of advanced features necessary for safely compiling large programs to good code. To motivate the design of the type system, we present a type-safe, C-based language called Popcorn and show how various Popcorn features are compiled to TALx86. 1 Introduction The ability to type-check low-level or object code,...
Calreticulin inhibits vitamin D3signal transduction (1995)

Calreticulin is a calcium binding protein present primarily in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. However, it can also localize to the cytoplasm adjacent to the cell membrane where it binds integrins, and to the nucleus. Recent studies showed that calreticulin inhibits DNA binding and transcriptional activity of glucocorticoid, androgen and retinoic acid receptors. The DNA binding domains of nuclear receptors share a common motif based upon the amino acid sequence KVFFKR which has been implicated in the binding of calreticulin. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) DNA binding domain contains the related motif KgFFrR. Here we show that calreticulin blocks specific DNA binding by the isolated VDR DNA binding domain in DNA mobility shift assays. Importantly, calreticulin blocks specific DNA binding by the full length VDR-RXR heterodimers. By contrast, calreticulin had no effect on specific DNA binding by the transcription factor ATF-a delta which lacks a KVFFKR-like motif in its DNA binding domain. We further showed that overexpression of calreticulin in the rat osteoblast-like cell line (ROS 17/2.8) inhibited the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] responsive transcriptional activation of a vitamin D-sensitive reporter gene, whereas the response to forskolin stimulation of a control promoter-reporter construct containing a cAMP response element (CRE), but no vitamin D response element (VDRE), was not affected by overexpression of calreticulin. Thus, calreticulin inhibits transcriptional activation by the VDR in vivo. Given the ubiquitous expression of calreticulin and the widespread expression of the VDR the studies described here may point to an important new mechanism whereby VDR mediated gene transcription can be modulated.
Redundant promoter elements mediate IL‐3‐induced expression of a novel cytokine‐inducible gene, cyclon (2007)

Cytokines control cell differentiation, proliferation, and function by regulating gene expression program. Physiological roles and induction mechanisms of cytokine-inducible genes are not fully understood. Here, we identified a novel immediate-early cytokine-responsive gene, cyclon (cytokine-induced protein with coiled-coil domain), which is induced in a hematopoietic cell line by interleukin 3 (IL-3). cyclon gene encodes a phosphorylated nuclear protein consisting of repetitive sequences in the amino-terminus and a coiled-coil domain in the carboxyl-terminus. A novel transient reporter assay revealed that mouse cyclon promoter contains redundant elements for IL-3-induced gene expression.
Performance evaluation of a packet voice system (1989)

A study is made of statistical multiplexing of voice packets from a number of packetized voice sources onto a single channel. Each source alternates between talkspurt (active period) and silence, and packets are generated during active periods only. The packets are buffered (in a finite size buffer) when transmission capacity is not available. An embedded Markov chain model is adopted to analyze the system and a numerical technique is presented to compute system performance. Simulation results validate the analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interleukin 3 promotes the differentiation of isolated single megakaryocytes (1986)

Interleukin 3 (IL3) promotes the proliferation of murine hematopoietic progenitor cells, including the megakaryocytic colony-forming cell (CFU- MK). To determine whether IL3 influences more differentiated cells in the murine megakaryocytic lineage, IL3 was added to microcultures of single megakaryocytes isolated from CFU-MK-derived colonies. After two days of culture, cell diameter and DNA content were analyzed. Eighty- five percent of cells initially between 12 and 20 micron in diameter increased in size in response to IL3, while only 12% of these cells increased in size in its absence. The percentage of cells responding to IL3 varied inversely with the size of the initial cells. The culture procedure did not alter the relatively linear relationship between size and ploidy, suggesting that increments in cell size are accompanied by increased ploidy. After three days of culture, acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity was assayed. A small but significant increment in AchE activity was observed in the presence of IL3. The data show that, at least in vitro, IL3 is a differentiation-promoting factor of the murine megakaryocytic lineage.
Spectroscopic detection of diols and sugars by a colour change in boronic acid-appended spirobenzopyrans (1996)

Boronic acid-appended spiropyrans have been synthesized in order to detect diols and sugars by a colour change: only when the boron atom could intramolecularly interact with the tertiary amine in the spiropyran moiety, did added diols and sugars change the shift of the spiropyran–merocyanine equilibrium, which was visually detectable as a colour change.
The Cell Attachment Site on Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Includes the Amino Acid Sequence RGD (Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid) (1989)

The amino acid sequence RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) is highly conserved in the VP1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), despite being situated in the immunodominant hypervariable region between amino acids 135 and 160. RGD-containing proteins are known to be important in promoting cell attachment in several different systems, and we report here that synthetic peptides containing this sequence are able to inhibit attachment of the virus to baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Inhibition was dose-dependent and could be reversed on removal of the peptide. A synthetic peptide corresponding to a portion of the same hypervariable region but not containing the RGD sequence did not inhibit virus attachment under the same conditions. Antibody against the RGD region of VP1 blocked attachment of the virus to BHK cells, and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, which neutralize virus by preventing cell attachment, were blocked by RGD-containing peptides from binding virus in an ELISA test. Cleavage of the C-terminal region of virus VP1 in situ with proteolytic enzymes reduced cell attachment, and antiserum against a peptide corresponding to this region was also able to inhibit attachment of virus to BHK cells. These results indicate that the amino acid sequence RGD at positions 145 to 147 and amino acids from the C-terminal region of VP1 (positions 203 to 213) contribute to the cell attachment site on FMDV for BHK cells.
Retrospective on "Production rules as a representation for a knowledge-based consultation program" (1994)

Work at the Stanford Medical Center in the early 1970s had produced a successful system called Mediphor, which monitored prescriptions sent to the pharmacy and issued warnings of interactions among the multiple drugs prescribed for a patient. The original conception of MYCIN was as a follow-on: where Mediphor had checked for inappropriate combinations of drugs, MYCIN was to send warnings about inappropriate selection of a single antibiotic for a particular patient. It was intended to gather data from the clinical lab, the pharmacy, and the microbiology lab, then evaluate that data against a set of criteria for
Coal-Based Activated Carbons Prepared with Organometallics and Their Mesoporous Structure (1997)

The preparation of a mesoporous carbon was attempted by a steam activation of a mixture of coal and metal acetylacetonate at 900 °C. The resultant porosity of the activated carbon was influenced more by the type of acetylacetonate [Al(acac)3, Y(acac)3, TiO(acac)2, or Zr(acac)4)] than by the rank of the coal (Miike, Taiheiyo, and Morwell). Samples obtained from TiO(acac)2 showed a particularly high mesoporosity even at an early stage of activation, as evaluated by the BET and BJH analysis of the N2 adsorption isotherm. To clarify the influence of TiO(acac)2 on the mechanism of formation of a remarkable amount of mesopores, the structure of the activated carbon derived from the Ti complex was investigated by X-ray diffraction measurements and observations with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The carbon matrix was composed of small graphite-like crystallites with mesopores and TiO2 (rutile and brookite) particles dispersed homogeneously throughout the whole matrix. The shape of the characteristic mesopores resembled that of the TiO2 particles. The particle size distribution determined by image analysis of a TEM photograph quantitatively shows the similarities in the average size of TiO2 particles and pores. It is believed that the formation of mesoporosity in the activated carbon is closely related to the migration of TiO2 from the carbon matrix.
TP53INP1s and Homeodomain-interacting Protein Kinase-2 (HIPK2) Are Partners in Regulating p53 Activity (2003)

The TP53INP1 gene encodes two protein isoforms, TP53INP1alpha and TP53INP1beta, located into the nucleus. Their synthesis is increased during cellular stress by p53-mediated activation of transcription. Overexpression of these isoforms induces apoptosis, suggesting an involvement of TP53INP1s in p53-mediated cell death. It was recently shown that p53-dependent apoptosis is promoted by homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 (HIPK2), which is known to bind p53 and induce its phosphorylation in promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). In this work we show that TP53INP1s localize with p53, PML-IV, and HIPK2 into the PML-NBs. In addition, we show that TP53INP1s interact physically with HIPK2 and p53. In agreement with these results we demonstrate that TP53INP1s, in association with HIPK2, regulate p53 transcriptional activity on p21, mdm2, pig3, and bax promoters. Furthermore, TP53INP1s overexpression induces G1 arrest and increases p53-mediated apoptosis. Although a TP53INP1s and HIPK2 additive effect was observed on apoptosis, G1 arrest was weaker when HIPK2 was transfected together with TP53INP1. These results indicate that TP53INP1s and HIPK2 could be partners in regulating p53 activity.
Alicycliphilus denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., a cyclohexanol-degrading, nitrate-reducing β-proteobacterium (2003)

A facultatively denitrifying bacterium, strain K601T, was isolated at 30 degrees C from a municipal sewage plant on cyclohexanol as sole carbon source and nitrate as electron acceptor. Under aerobic conditions this strain used acetate, fumarate, lactate, pyruvate, crotonate, indole, glucose, vanillate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, m-cresol, o-cresol and p-cresol. Under denitrifying conditions the strain used cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, 1,3-cyclohexanedione, 2-cyclohexenone, 1,3-cyclohexanediol (cis and trans), monocarboxylic acids (C2-C7), adipate, pimelate, 5-oxocaproate, citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, malate, crotonate, lactate, pyruvate and fumarate. Cells were short rods, 0.6 microm wide and 1-2 microm long, motile, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative, and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Strain K601T used nitrate, nitrite and oxygen as electron acceptors, but not sulfate, sulfite or fumarate. The DNA G+C content of strain K601T was 66 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rDNA sequencing, showed that strain K601T represents a separate lineage of the family Comamonadaceae in the beta-subclass of Proteobacteria. Based on the high 16S rDNA sequence divergence and phenotypic characteristics, the name Alicycliphilus denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for this strain. The type strain is K60IT (=DSM 14773T =CIP 107495T).
Synergistic combination of microtubule targeting anticancer fludelone with cytoprotective panaxytriol derived from panax ginseng against MX-1 cells in vitro: experimental design and data analysis using the combination index method. (2016)

This brief article focuses on two aims: i) To investigate the in vitro pharmaco-dynamic interactions of combining synthetic potent microtubule targeting anticancer agent, Fludelone (FD) with cyto-protective agent, Panaxytriol (PXT) derived from Panax ginseng, and ii) To illustrate step-by-step operation for conducting two-drug combination in vitro using the combination index method, in terms of experimental design, data acquisition, computerized simulation and data interpretation. The Chou-Talalay method for drug combination is based on the median-effect equation, which provides the theoretical basis for the combination index (CI)-isobologram equation that allows quantitative determination of drug interactions, where CI&lt;1, =1, and &gt;1 indicates synergism, additive effect and antagonism, respectively. Based on these algorithms, computer software, CompySyn, is used for determining synergism and antagonism at all doses or effect levels simulated automatically. The use of Chou-Talalayâs CI method in quantifying synergism or antagonism is increasing steadily during the past two decades, however, confusing questions and pitfalls were still frequently raised by insufficient understanding of the theory, especially reflected when researchers trying to use the computerized software to design and conduct experiments. In order to specifically address the confusions and to illustrate the practical features of this method, in this paper, a selected example is given based on our unpublished data regarding the combinational pharmacologic interactions of FD and PXT against the growth of breast cancer cell line MX-1. The step-by-step operation from experimental design to the real data analysis is illustrated. The results indicated that FD and PXT combination in vitro exerted synergistic effect when cell growth inhibition was greater than 45%, with CI ranged 0.836-0.609 for the fractional inhibition of Fa=0.50~0.90, as shown by the Fa-CI plot and by the isobologram. Thus, quantitative conclusion of synergism is obtained using the Chou-Talalay CI method, under the well-defined simple conditions for the FD and PXT combinations in vitro.
Individual differences in serum sodium levels in schizophrenic men with self-induced water intoxication (1989)

Eight men with chronic schizophrenia and self-induced water intoxication showed marked individual differences in their serum sodium levels. The severity of the intoxication symptoms reflected the amount and speed of change in sodium levels rather than the absolute sodium values.
Immunolocalization of sat-1 sulfate/oxalate/bicarbonate anion exchanger in the rat kidney (1998)

The rat liver sulfate/bicarbonate/oxalate exchanger (sat-1) transports sulfate across the canalicular membrane in exchange for either bicarbonate or oxalate. Sulfate/oxalate exchange has been detected in the proximal tubule of the kidney, where it is probably involved in the reabsorption of filtered sulfate and the secretion of oxalate and may contribute to oxalate-dependent chloride reabsorption. Screening of a renal cortex cDNA library determined that sat-1 is expressed in the rat kidney. To evaluate this anion exchanger, the sat-1 protein was expressed in Sf9 cells. Sodium-independent sulfate and oxalate uptake was enhanced 7.3-fold and 13.1-fold, respectively, in Sf9 cells expressing the sat-1 protein compared with cells infected with wild-type virus. We determined that sat-1 is glycosylated in the kidney; however, anion exchange via sat-1 is observed despite incomplete glycosylation of sat-1 in Sf9 cells. The sat-1 protein, with an added COOH-terminal 6-histidine tag, was purified on a metal affinity column and used to generate anti-sat-1 monoclonal antibodies. The sat-1 protein was localized to the basolateral membrane, but not the apical membrane, of the proximal tubule by both Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. These studies demonstrate that sulfate/oxalate exchange on the apical and basolateral membranes of the proximal tubule represents transport on two different anion exchangers.