gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid Raft Microdomains (2002)

Spatiotemporal aspects of filovirus entry and release are poorly understood. Lipid rafts act as functional platforms for multiple cellular signaling and trafficking processes. Here, we report the compartmentalization of Ebola and Marburg viral proteins within lipid rafts during viral assembly and budding. Filoviruses released from infected cells incorporated raft-associated molecules, suggesting that viral exit occurs at the rafts. Ectopic expression of Ebola matrix protein and glycoprotein supported raft-dependent release of filamentous, virus-like particles (VLPs), strikingly similar to live virus as revealed by electron microscopy. Our findings also revealed that the entry of filoviruses requires functional rafts, identifying rafts as the site of virus attack. The identification of rafts as the gateway for the entry and exit of filoviruses and raft-dependent generation of VLPs have important implications for development of therapeutics and vaccination strategies against infections with Ebola and Marburg viruses.
Increasing the forensic discrimination of mitochondrial DNA testing through analysis of the entire mitochondrial DNA genome. (2001)

The principal limitation in forensic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing is the low power of discrimination that is obtained when common "mtDNA types" are involved in a case. Currently, an "mtDNA type" refers to the sequence within hypervariable regions I and II (HV1/HV2) of the control region, approximately 610 bp. In Caucasians, the most common HV1/HV2 type is found in approximately 7% of the population and there are 12 additional types found at greater than approximately 0.5% (ignoring HV2 C-stretch polymorphism). We are performing large scale sequencing of the entire mtDNA genome (mtGenome), approximately 16,569 bp, of individuals who have common HV1/HV2 types. Of 31 individuals with the most common HV1/HV2 type, only 3 still match after mtGenome sequencing. Similar high discrimination is seen in other common HV1/HV2 types. The sites that discriminate the various common HV1/HV2 types are generally not those that are known to vary widely in more diverse population samples. This indicates that complete mtGenome sequencing of selected HV1/HV2 types may stand as the best way for identifying maximally useful single nucleotide polymorphism sites outside of the control region. Our strategy for identifying SNP sites is useful in resolving U.S. Caucasian, Hispanic, and African American mtDNAs is discussed. We also discuss the development of homogeneous fluorogenic polymerase chain reaction assays that target phenotypically neutral sites for practical use in casework.
Age estimation from facial images using biometric ratios and wrinkle analysis (2015)

A great deal of information can be inferred from human facial images, such as emotions, gender, race, and age. Recently age estimation has developed a variety of applications including, internet access control, underage prevention of cigarette and alcohol machines, and many more. This paper presents a method to classify facial images into 3 evenly distributed age groups. Biometric ratios and wrinkle analysis are used to define features of faces. Three different classifying algorithms have been used for prediction. Testing is done using hold-out approach. A sufficiently large database is used to validate the credibility of results.
Eine effiziente und allgemeine Synthese primärer Amine durch Ruthenium‐katalysierte Aminierung sekundärer Alkohole mit Ammoniak (2010)

Atomeffizient und selektiv führt die erste homogen katalysierte Aminierung sekundärer Alkohole mit Ammoniak zu den entsprechenden primären Aminen (siehe Schema). Die neuartige Aminierungsmethode benötigt einen kommerziell erhältlichen [Ru3(CO)12]/CataCXium PCy-Katalysator und eine Ammoniakatmosphäre, aber keine zusätzlichen Wasserstoffquellen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
MYCOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SOIL (1965)

As part of an epidemiologic study on unclassified mycobacterial infection in Houston, Texas, soil samples were collected from the home environment of elementary school students with a positive skin test to PPD-B (group III antigen) and examined for the presence of mycobacteria.Mycobacteria (101 strains) were isolated from 77 of 92 soil samples. Of 93 strains studied, 57 resembled known Mycobacterium species as follows: 48, M. fortuitum; 5, M. smegmatis, and 4, M. peregrinum. If distributed among the four groups of "unclassified mycobacteria", none appeared in group I; 5 in group II; 3 in group III; and 85 in group IV.
Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2-Mediated Gene Transfer: Altered Endocytic Processing Enhances Transduction Efficiency in Murine Fibroblasts (2001)

Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) is a single-stranded-DNA-containing, nonpathogenic human parvovirus that is currently in use as a vector for human gene therapy. However, the transduction efficiency of AAV vectors in different cell and tissue types varies widely. In addition to the lack of expression of the viral receptor and coreceptors and the rate-limiting viral second-strand DNA synthesis, which have been identified as obstacles to AAV-mediated transduction, we have recently demonstrated that impaired intracellular trafficking of AAV inhibits high-efficiency transduction of the murine fibroblast cell line, NIH 3T3 (J. Hansen, K. Qing, H. J. Kwon, C. Mah, and A. Srivastava, J. Virol. 74:992-996, 2000). In this report, we document that escape of AAV from the endocytic pathway in NIH 3T3 cells is not limited but processing within endosomes is impaired compared with that observed in the highly permissive human cell line 293. While virions were found in both early and late endosomes or lysosomes of infected 293 cells, they were localized predominantly to the early endosomes in NIH 3T3 cells. Moreover, treatment of cells with bafilomycin A1 (Baf), an inhibitor of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase and therefore of endosomal-lysosomal acidification, decreased the transduction of 293 cells with a concomitant decrease in nuclear trafficking of AAV but had no effect on NIH 3T3 cells. However, after exposure of NIH 3T3 cells to hydroxyurea (HU), a compound known to increase AAV-mediated transduction in general, virions were detected in late endosomes and lysosomes, and these cells became sensitive to Baf-mediated inhibition of transduction. Thus, HU treatment overcomes defective endocytic processing of AAV in murine fibroblasts. These studies provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of intracellular trafficking of AAV in different cell types, which has implications in the optimal use of AAV as vectors in human gene therapy.
Aromatase Inhibitor-Associated Bone Fractures: A Case-Cohort GWAS and Functional Genomics (2014)

Bone fractures are a major consequence of osteoporosis. There is a direct relationship between serum estrogen concentrations and osteoporosis risk. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) greatly decrease serum estrogen levels in postmenopausal women, and increased incidence of fractures is a side effect of AI therapy. We performed a discovery case-cohort genome-wide association study (GWAS) using samples from 1071 patients, 231 cases and 840 controls, enrolled in the MA.27 breast cancer AI trial to identify genetic factors involved in AI-related fractures, followed by functional genomic validation. Association analyses identified 20 GWAS single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) signals with P < 5E-06. After removal of signals in gene deserts and those composed entirely of imputed SNPs, we applied a functional validation "decision cascade" that resulted in validation of the CTSZ-SLMO2-ATP5E, TRAM2-TMEM14A, and MAP4K4 genes. These genes all displayed estradiol (E2)-dependent induction in human fetal osteoblasts transfected with estrogen receptor-α, and their knockdown altered the expression of known osteoporosis-related genes. These same genes also displayed SNP-dependent variation in E2 induction that paralleled the SNP-dependent induction of known osteoporosis genes, such as osteoprotegerin. In summary, our case-cohort GWAS identified SNPs in or near CTSZ-SLMO2-ATP5E, TRAM2-TMEM14A, and MAP4K4 that were associated with risk for bone fracture in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients treated with AIs. These genes displayed E2-dependent induction, their knockdown altered the expression of genes related to osteoporosis, and they displayed SNP genotype-dependent variation in E2 induction. These observations may lead to the identification of novel mechanisms associated with fracture risk in postmenopausal women treated with AIs.
Using substitution probabilities to improve position-specific scoring matrices (1996)

Each column of amino acids in a multiple alignment of protein sequences can be represented as a vector of 20 amino acid counts. For alignment and searching applications, the count vector is an imperfect representation of a position, because the observed sequences are an incomplete sample of the full set of related sequences. One general solution to this problem is to model unobserved sequences by adding artificial 'pseudo-counts' to the observed counts. We introduce a simple method for computing pseudo-counts that combines the diversity observed in each alignment position with amino acid substitution probabilities. In extensive empirical tests, this position-based method out-performed other pseudo-count methods and was a substantial improvement over the traditional average score method used for constructing profiles.
Iodine biokinetics and dosimetry in radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer: procedures and results of a prospective international controlled study of ablation after rhTSH or hormone withdrawal. (2006)

Indication of an influence of the residence time of radioiodine in the blood on the fractional uptake into thyroid remnant was found. A novel regimen is proposed in which therapeutic activities to be administered are determined from the individual specific blood dose.
Learning a Gaussian Process Prior for Automatically Generating Music Playlists (2001)

This paper presents AutoDJ: a system for automatically generating music playlists based on one or more seed songs selected by a user. AutoDJ uses Gaussian Process Regression to learn a user preference function over songs. This function takes music metadata as inputs. This paper further introduces Kernel Meta-Training, which is a method of learning a Gaussian Process kernel from a distribution of functions that generates the learned function. For playlist generation, AutoDJ learns a kernel from a large set of albums. This learned kernel is shown to be more effective at predicting users&amp;apos; playlists than a reasonable hand-designed kernel.
Novel Blends of Hyperbranched Polyesters and Linear Polymers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel Blends of Hyperbranched Polyesters and Linear PolymersD. J. Massa, K. A. Shriner, S. R. Turner, and B. I. VoitCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 9, 3214–3220Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00113a025Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1035Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (741 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 1-kW CW thin disc laser (2000)

The thin disc laser is presented as an optimal laser design for the operation of a quasi-three-level laser active medium in the high power regime with high optical efficiency. Numerical calculations of the laser output power show that operation with an output power up to 1 kW with an optical efficiency of 50% and more is possible at room temperature utilizing 16 absorption passes. Scaling of the output power can be realized by scaling the pumped area using one or more discs. The experimental investigations yield a maximum output power of 647 W at 51% optical efficiency for one crystal and of 1070 W with 48% optical efficiency for four crystals at a temperature of the cooling water of 15/spl deg/C.
Energy scavenging with shoe-mounted piezoelectrics (2001)

Decreasing size and power requirements of wearable microelectronics make it possible to replace batteries with systems that capture energy from the user's environment. Unobtrusive devices developed at the MIT Media Lab scavenge electricity from the forces exerted on a shoe during walking: a flexible piezoelectric foil stave to harness sole-bending energy and a reinforced PZT dimorph to capture heel-strike energy.
A Randomized Trial Assessing the Safety and Immunogenicity of AS01 and AS02 Adjuvanted RTS,S Malaria Vaccine Candidates in Children in Gabon (2009)

The malaria vaccine candidate antigen RTS,S includes parts of the pre-erythrocytic stage circumsporozoite protein fused to the Hepatitis B surface antigen. Two Adjuvant Systems are in development for this vaccine, an oil-in water emulsion -based formulation (AS02) and a formulation based on liposomes (AS01).
Cascaded hand pose regression (2015)

We extends the previous 2D cascaded object pose regression work [9] in two aspects so that it works better for 3D articulated objects. Our first contribution is 3D pose-indexed features that generalize the previous 2D parameterized features and achieve better invariance to 3D transformations. Our second contribution is a principled hierarchical regression that is adapted to the articulated object structure. It is therefore more accurate and faster. Comprehensive experiments verify the state-of-the-art accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach on the challenging 3D hand pose estimation problem, on a public dataset and our new dataset.
Fludarabine and Bendamustine in Refractory and Relapsed Indolent Lymphoma—a Multicenter Phase I/II Trial of the East German Society of Hematology and Oncology (OSHO) (2004)

The therapy of patients with relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma relies on the development of new drug combinations. The drugs bendamustine and fludarabine have cytotoxic activity as monotherapy in indolent lymphoma and show synergism in vitro. In this study, we combined both drugs in a multicenter clinical phase I/II trial to evaluate their toxicity and efficacy. Bendamustine was given at 30 or 40 mg/m2/d (dose levels 1 and 2), fludarabine at 30 mg/m2/d, each drug on days 1 to 3. Six cycles were to be given every 4 weeks. A total of 29 patients with relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma were included in the study. During phase I, 9 patients were treated at dose level 1 and 7 patients at dose level 2. Thirteen patients were added to the study during phase II. Fourteen patients had follicular lymphoma, 11 patients mantle cell lymphoma, 2 patients lymphoplasmocytic and 2 patients nodal marginal zone lymphoma. Median age was 62 years (range 39-74). All patients were in stages III or IV of their disease and had received prior chemotherapy with or without additional radio- or immunotherapy. The dose limiting toxicity was hematotoxicity in all cases and occurred in 3 of 7 evaluable patients at dose level I and in 3 of 7 patients at dose level 2. One patient at dose level 2 died of sepsis in neutropenia with persistent thrombocytopenia. The study was continued at dose level 1 (phase II). Analysis of 19 evaluable patients treated at dose level 1 reveiled hematotoxicity CTC grade III in 47% and grade IV in 26%. Neutropenic fever occurred in 4 patients (21%). On an intent-to-treat basis, 45% or 32% of all patients at dose level 1 reached CR or PR, respectively. Nine of 9 patients with mantle cell lymphoma responded to therapy. The overall response rate was 77%. Eight of 15 responders relapsed after a median follow-up time of 14 months (range 2-43). The major complication of fludarabine in combination with bendamustine is hematotoxicity. Dose level 1 with 30 mg/m2/d of both drugs on days 1 to 3 was defined as the recommended dose. Despite unfavorable prognostic features (histologic subtype, stage of disease, pretreatment) response rates were good with this regimen.
The Relative Potency of Oral Transmucosal Fentanyl Citrate Compared with Intravenous Morphine in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Postoperative Pain (1999)

Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that oral transmucosal absorption of fentanyl is relatively rapid compared with gastrointestinal absorption, and it results in increased bioavailability. We designed this study to establish the relative potency of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) compared with IV morphine in 133 postoperative patients. The morning after surgery, patients randomly received one dose of either OTFC (200 or 800 μg) and a placebo IV injection or IV morphine (2 or 10 mg) and an oral transmucosal placebo unit. Pain intensity, pain relief, time to meaningful pain relief, and time to remedication were recorded. Median time to onset of relief was approximately 5 min for all groups. Over the first hour, little difference among treatment groups was seen for pain intensity and pain relief. By 2 h after study drug administration, 800 μg of OTFC and 10 mg of IV morphine generally produced similar analgesia, which was better than the smaller doses. Duration of analgesia with the larger doses (800 μg of OTFC and 10 mg of morphine) was similar and longer that produced by the smaller doses. The larger doses of OTFC and morphine produced better and more sustained analgesia than 200 μg of OTFC or 2 mg of morphine. Implications The relative potency of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) to IV morphine was 8–14:1. In this postoperative setting, OTFC produced rapid pain relief similar to that produced by IV morphine. The larger doses of OTFC (800 μg) and morphine (10 mg) produced better and more sustained analgesia than 200 μg of OTFC or 2 mg of morphine.
Chemiluminescence Energy Transfer Processes and Micellar Effects (1997)

The first study of intermolecular energy transfer processes in a chemiluminescence system is reported. Energy transfer in the acridinium−hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence system, observed for the first time, is evaluated for radiative, dipole−dipole, and collisional components in the presence and absence of micelles: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, Brij-35, and sodium lauryl sulfate. In surfactant solutions, the major components were found to be radiative and collisional. Changing the surfactant had the greatest effect on the dipole−dipole component. Effects can be attributed to ion−ion forces, the mixing process, and the path length of the chemiluminescence measurement. In contrast to photoexcited energy transfer studies, the Rhodamine 110 (acceptor) concentration is varied by almost 4 orders of magnitude and is up to 105 greater than the acridinium (donor) concentration. This can be attributed to the absence of excitation absorption in a chemiluminescence measurement and the increased solubility due to the surfactants. The semiempirical method used for evaluating energy transfer should be adaptable to other systems and requires only the spectra of the donor and acceptor and the measurement of chemiluminescence intensity as a function of acceptor concentration.
p53 Activation by Small Molecules:  Application in Oncology (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTp53 Activation by Small Molecules: Application in OncologyLyubomir T. VassilevView Author Information Discovery Oncology, Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey 07110 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 14, 4491–4499Publication Date (Web):June 18, 2005Publication History Received20 January 2005Published online18 June 2005Published inissue 1 July 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm058174khttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm058174kreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2294Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antagonists,Cancer,Cancer therapy,Cells,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts