gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Spin-Diode Logic Family (2012)

While most modern computing technologies utilize Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors and the accompanying CMOS logic family, alternative devices and logic families exhibit significant performance advantages. Though heretofore impractical, diode logic allows for the execution of logic circuits that are faster, smaller, and dissipate less power than conventional architectures. In this paper, magnetoresistive semiconductor heterojunctions are used to produce the first complete logic family based solely on diodes. We utilize the diode magnetoresistance states to create a binary logic family based on high and low currents in which a full range of logic functions is executed. The diode is used as a switch by manipulating its magnetoresistance with current-carrying wires that generate magnetic fields. Using this device structure, we present basis logic elements and complex circuits consisting of as few as 10% of the devices required in their conventional CMOS counterparts. This diode logic family is therefore an intriguing potential replacement for CMOS technology as Si scaling reaches its inherent limits.
Nutritional quality of proanthocyanidin-free barley (1984)

Test comparatif, chez le poulet et le rat, de la valeur nutritionnelle de deux cultivars normaux, d'une lignee exempte de proanthocyanidine et d'une lignee issue du croisement de cette derniere avec une orge normale. L'orge qui ne synthetise pas les flavonoides presente une meilleure valeur nutritive
Wavepacket dynamics and time-domain spectroscopy in atomic rubidium (1999)

Summary form only given. Recently, the detection of atomic wavepackets in alkali vapor by monitoring the coherent UV light produced by four-wave mixing was reported. In the pump-probe experiments reported here, the dynamical behavior of wavepackets in Rb has been observed by monitoring the evolving frequency composition of the wavepacket.
Effect of cell culture medium additives on color and acidic charge variants of a monoclonal antibody (2018)

This manuscript summarizes the effect of certain cell culture medium additives on antibody drug substance coloration and acidic charge variants. It has been shown previously that B-vitamins and iron in the cell culture medium could significantly impact color intensity. In this manuscript, we detail the effect of several other cell culture components that have been shown to impact coloration. It is shown that if cystine is used instead of cysteine in the cell culture medium, coloration was reduced. Hydrocortisone has been shown to reduce coloration and boost specific productivity. The effect of a peptone/hydrolysate on coloration was investigated in cell culture experiments, which showed its use can lead to reduced coloration. Mechanisms by which these compounds influence coloration will be briefly discussed. Since it has been previously shown that antibody oxidation could potentially lead to coloration, the current effort was focused on screening for specific antioxidant additives to the culture medium to reduce coloration. An in-vitro incubation model was used to screen antioxidant compounds, several of which were found to significantly reduce antibody color, while some led to significantly increased color. Hypotaurine and carboxymethylcysteine, which had the most significant color reducing effect in the incubation study, were further tested in small-scale bioreactor cell culture experiments. These studies demonstrated that these compounds lead to reduced coloration in cell culture without affecting cell growth and titer. Hypotaurine, hydrocortisone, peptone, and cystine were also shown to reduce the acidic charge variant levels, which was previously shown to correlate with color. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2018 © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1298-1307, 2018.
A recombinant CD7-specific single-chain immunotoxin is a potent inducer of apoptosis in acute leukemic T cells. (2002)

A recombinant immunotoxin was constructed from the hybridoma antibody TH-69 directed against human CD7, a surface antigen of leukemic T cells. The antibody was subcloned as a single chain Fv (scFv) fragment and genetically linked to a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A fragment containing the catalytic domains II and III but lacking the receptor binding domain I. Domain I was replaced by the scFv, thus conferring restricted specificity for CD7-positive cells. The bacterially expressed and purified toxin retained binding specificity for CD7-positive cells. It promoted apoptosis in two CD7-positive cell lines derived from T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias, CEM and Jurkat, but not in the CD7-negative B-lymphoid lines REH, Nalm-6, and SEM. Maximum killing in excess of 95% was reached after 96 h in CEM and Jurkat cells with a single dose of 100 ng/ml. Cells treated with a similarly constructed scFv-exotoxin A immunotoxin against melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, an antigen absent from leukemic T cells, remained unaffected. Lysis of target cells occurred via apoptosis as evidenced by staining with Annexin V and specific cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Approximately 20% of leukemic cells from a patient with CD7-positive acute T-cell leukemia kept in long-term primary culture for 30 cell generations were killed within 96 h after treatment with the toxin. These findings justify further evaluation of the agent in view of potential therapeutic applications.
Direct Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Oxygen Partitioning into Liposomes and Low Density Lipoprotein (2005)

Nitric oxide (*NO) has been proposed to play a relevant role in modulating oxidative reactions in lipophilic media like biomembranes and lipoproteins. Two factors that will regulate *NO reactivity in the lipid milieu are its diffusion and solubility, but there is no data concerning the actual diffusion (D) and partition coefficients (KP) of *NO in biologically relevant hydrophobic phases. Herein, a "equilibrium-shift" method was designed to directly determine the *NO and O2 partition coefficients in liposomes and low density lipoprotein (LDL) relative to water. It was found that *NO partitions 4.4- and 3.4-fold in liposomes and LDL, respectively, whereas O2 behaves similarly with values of 3.9 and 2.9, respectively. In addition, actual diffusion coefficients in these hydrophobic phases were determined using fluorescence quenching and found that *NO diffuses approximately 2 times slower than O2 in the core of LDL and 12 times slower than in buffer (DNOLDL=3.9 x 10(-6) cm2 s(-1),DO2LDL=7.0 x 10(-6) cm2 s(-1),DNObuffer=DO2buffer=4.5 x 10(-5) cm2 s(-1)). The influence of *NO and O2 partitioning and diffusion in membranes and lipoproteins on *NO reaction with lipid radicals and auto-oxidation is discussed. Particularly, the 3-4-fold increase in O2 and *NO concentration within biological hydrophobic phases provides quantitative support for the idea of an accelerated auto-oxidation of *NO in lipid-containing structures, turning them into sites of enhanced local production of oxidant and nitrosating species.
High Throughput Electrophysiology: New Perspectives for Ion Channel Drug Discovery (2003)

Proper function of ion channels is crucial for all living cells. Ion channel dysfunction may lead to a number of diseases, so-called channelopathies, and a number of common diseases, including epilepsy, arrhythmia, and type II diabetes, are primarily treated by drugs that modulate ion channels. A cornerstone in current drug discovery is high throughput screening assays which allow examination of the activity of specific ion channels though only to a limited extent. Conventional patch clamp remains the sole technique with sufficiently high time resolution and sensitivity required for precise and direct characterization of ion channel properties. However, patch clamp is a slow, labor-intensive, and thus expensive, technique. New techniques combining the reliability and high information content of patch clamping with the virtues of high throughput philosophy are emerging and predicted to make a number of ion channel targets accessible for drug screening. Specifically, genuine HTS parallel processing techniques based on arrays of planar silicon chips are being developed, but also lower throughput sequential techniques may be of value in compound screening, lead optimization, and safety screening. The introduction of new powerful HTS electrophysiological techniques is predicted to cause a revolution in ion channel drug discovery.
Emphysema associated with intravascular leukocyte sequestration. Comparison with papain-induced emphysema. (1981)

The pulmonary effects of endotoxin-induced, repetitive, intravascular leukocyte sequestration were studied in dogs and were compared to the effects of intratracheal papain. Lung specimens from 7 animals receiving 20 to 23 weekly injections were histologically and physiologically similar to those from 10 control animals. Dogs receiving 50 injections of endotoxin during 17 wk developed histologic evidence of emphysema as seen on whole lung sections, a significant increase in mean linear intercept, and loss of elasticity at high lung volumes. The group of animals given intratracheal papain also developed histologic evidence of emphysema, with increased mean linear intercepts and loss of lung elasticity. However, the effects on lung elasticity were much greater in the papain group. Endotoxin-induced, repetitive leukocyte sequestration in the lungs results in mild emphysema; however, similar changes in alveolar size appear to cause less effect on the pressure-volume loop than does papain-induced emphysema.
The levels of mutant K-RAS and mutant N-RAS are rapidly reduced in a Beclin1 / ATG5 -dependent fashion by the irreversible ERBB1/2/4 inhibitor neratinib (2017)

The FDA approved irreversible inhibitor of ERBB1/2/4, neratinib, was recently shown to rapidly down-regulate the expression of ERBB1/2/4 as well as the levels of c-MET and mutant K-RAS via autophagic degradation. In the present studies, in a dose-dependent fashion, neratinib reduced the expression levels of mutant K-RAS or of mutant N-RAS, which was augmented in an additive to greater than additive fashion by the HDAC inhibitors sodium valproate and AR42. Neratinib could reduce PDGFRα levels in GBM cells, that was enhanced by sodium valproate. Knock down of Beclin1 or of ATG5 prevented neratinib and neratinib combined with sodium valproate / AR42 from reducing the expression of mutant N-RAS in established PDX and fresh PDX models of ovarian cancer and melanoma, respectively. Neratinib and the drug combinations caused the co-localization of mutant RAS proteins and ERBB2 with Beclin1 and cathepsin B. The drug combination activated the AMP-dependent protein kinase that was causal in enhancing HMG Co A reductase phosphorylation. Collectively, our data reinforce the concept that the irreversible ERBB1/2/4 inhibitor neratinib has the potential for use in the treatment of tumors expressing mutant RAS proteins.
Folded and extended structures of homooligopeptides from .alpha.,.alpha.-dialkylated glycines. A conformational energy computation and x-ray diffraction study (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFolded and extended structures of homooligopeptides from .alpha.,.alpha.-dialkylated glycines. A conformational energy computation and x-ray diffraction studyEttore Benedetti, Claudio Toniolo, Paul Hardy, Vincenzo Barone, Alfonso Bavoso, Benedetto Di Blasio, Patrizio Grimaldi, Franceso Lelj, Vincenzo Pavone, and Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 26, 8146–8152Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00338a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (781 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Analysis of optimality in natural and perturbed metabolic networks (2002)

An important goal of whole-cell computational modeling is to integrate detailed biochemical information with biological intuition to produce testable predictions. Based on the premise that prokaryotes such as Escherichia coli have maximized their growth performance along evolution, flux balance analysis (FBA) predicts metabolic flux distributions at steady state by using linear programming. Corroborating earlier results, we show that recent intracellular flux data for wild-type E. coli JM101 display excellent agreement with FBA predictions. Although the assumption of optimality for a wild-type bacterium is justifiable, the same argument may not be valid for genetically engineered knockouts or other bacterial strains that were not exposed to long-term evolutionary pressure. We address this point by introducing the method of minimization of metabolic adjustment (MOMA), whereby we test the hypothesis that knockout metabolic fluxes undergo a minimal redistribution with respect to the flux configuration of the wild type. MOMA employs quadratic programming to identify a point in flux space, which is closest to the wild-type point, compatibly with the gene deletion constraint. Comparing MOMA and FBA predictions to experimental flux data for E. coli pyruvate kinase mutant PB25, we find that MOMA displays a significantly higher correlation than FBA. Our method is further supported by experimental data for E. coli knockout growth rates. It can therefore be used for predicting the behavior of perturbed metabolic networks, whose growth performance is in general suboptimal. MOMA and its possible future extensions may be useful in understanding the evolutionary optimization of metabolism.
The Effects of Growth Factors Associated with Osteoblasts on Prostate Carcinoma Proliferation and Chemotaxis: Implications for the Development of Metastatic Disease* (1997)

The extensive mortality and morbidity associated with prostate cancer is caused by the high prevalence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. The area most frequently involved in metastatic prostate cancer is the skeleton. Unlike other cancers, which metastasize to bone and destroy the bone matrix, prostate cancer is unique in that it is osteogenic, resulting in the formation of dense, sclerotic bone with high levels of osteoblastic activity. We proposed that factors produced by bone cells may be responsible for the development of prostate carcinoma metastasis. We studied the effects of these growth factors on prostate cell proliferation by [3H]thymidine incorporation and chemotaxis by the double-filter chamber method. Three prostate carcinoma cell lines were studied, LNCaP (androgen responsive) and PC-3 and DU-145 (androgen unresponsive). The bone-associated growth factors tested were: insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I, IGF-II), transforming growth factor beta, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IGF-I and IGF-II significantly increased proliferation in all three cell lines, whereas IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta significantly decreased proliferation. Transforming growth factor beta induced a biphasic response in proliferation in DU-145 and PC-3 cells and produced no response on LNCaP cells. Increased cell chemotaxis occurred in the presence of IGF-I and IGF-II, and decreased cell chemotaxis occurred with the addition of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. These data indicate that growth factors produced by bone cells alter prostate carcinoma cell proliferation and chemotaxis and suggest that modulations of the production of these factors may be a potential therapeutic intervention in deterring the metastasis of prostate carcinoma to bone.
The effects of powder morphology on the processing of auxetic polypropylene (PP of negative poisson's ratio) (1996)

Abstract With the use of a three‐stage thermal processing route, similar to that used previously for the production of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene possessing a negative Poisson's ratio (i.e. displaying auxetic behavior), an auxetic form of polyethylene has been fabricated. The polypropylene is processed by the compaction, sintering, and extrusion of a powder. The importance of powder morphology on the ability of polypropylene to achieve auxetic behavior has been examined, revealing that particle shape, size, and surface roughness are critical variables for successful processing. Negative Poisson's ratios of up to −0.22 at 1.6% strain have been obtained. The data have been successfully interpreted by use of a simple geometric model based on the polymer microstructure. These suggest that, by further optimizing the processing conditions, much larger negative Poisson's ratios should be achievable.
Processing of viral envelope glycoprotein by the endomannosidase pathway: Evaluation of host cell specificity (1998)

Endo-alpha-D-mannosidase is an enzyme involved in N-linked oligosaccharide processing which through its capacity to cleave the internal linkage between the glucose-substituted mannose and the remainder of the polymannose carbohydrate unit can provide an alternate pathway for achieving deglucosylation and thereby make possible the continued formation of complex oligosaccharides during a glucosidase blockade. In view of the important role which has been attributed to glucose on nascent glycoproteins as a regulator of a number of biological events, we chose to further define the in vivo action of endomannosidase by focusing on the well characterized VSV envelope glycoprotein (G protein) which can be formed by the large array of cell lines susceptible to infection by this pathogen. Through an assessment of the extent to which the G protein was converted to an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (endo H)-resistant form during a castanospermine imposed glucosidase blockade, we found that utilization of the endomannosidase-mediated deglucosylation route was clearly host cell specific, ranging from greater than 90% in HepG2 and PtK1 cells to complete absence in CHO, MDCK, and MDBK cells, with intermediate values in BHK, BW5147.3, LLC-PK1, BRL, and NRK cell lines. In some of the latter group the electrophoretic pattern after endo H treatment suggested that only one of the two N-linked oligosaccharides of the G protein was processed by endomannosidase. In the presence of the specific endomannosidase inhibitor, Glcalpha1-->3(1-deoxy)mannojirimycin, the conversion of the G protein into an endo H-resistant form was completely arrested. While the lack of G protein processing by CHO cells was consistent with the absence of in vitro measured endomannosidase activity in this cell line, the failure of MDBK and MDCK cells to convert the G protein into an endo H-resistant form was surprising since these cell lines have substantial levels of the enzyme. Similarly, we observed that influenza virus hemagglutinin was not processed in castanospermine-treated MDCK cells. Our findings suggest that studies which rely on glucosidase inhibition to explore the function of glucose in controlling such critical biological phenomena as intracellular movement or quality control should be carried out in cell lines in which the glycoprotein under study is not a substrate for endomannosidase action.
Scanning near-field millimeter-wave microscopy using a metal slit as a scanning probe (2001)

In this paper, a novel type of scanning near-field millimeter-wave microscopy using a metal slit-type probe is proposed. A tapered reduced-height rectangular waveguide forms the slit aperture, which has a width much smaller than one wavelength /spl lambda/ and length of the order of /spl lambda/. The slit probe can be operated in the TE/sub 10/ mode and, thus, results in high transmission efficiency, even when the width is exceedingly small. An image reconstruction algorithm based on computerized tomographic imaging is used to obtain two-dimensional near-field images. Experiments performed at 60 GHz (/spl lambda/=5 mm) show that image resolution equal to the slit width (/spl sim/80 /spl mu/m) is achieved. As an application of this scanning slit microscopy, visualization of transition phenomena of photoexcited free carriers in silicon have been successfully demonstrated, yielding useful information on the dynamics of free carriers in semiconductor materials.
New bacteriochlorin derivatives with a fused N-aminoimide ring (2003)

Upon interaction of hydrazine hydrate with bacteriopurpurin, the initially formed monohydrazide in an acidic medium readily reacts with the second carboxyl group to give a six-membered N-aminocycloimide of bacteriochlorin p 6 . The free amino group at the fused imide ring makes it easy to obtain N-alkyl and N-acyl derivatives. The compounds thus obtained exhibit high light-induced cytotoxicity on A549 human adenocarcinoma cells.
Triboelectric Nanogenerator as an Active UV Photodetector (2014)

Self‐powered nanosensors and nanosystems have attracted significant attention in the past decades and have gradually become the most desirable and promising prototype for environmental protection/detection because no battery is needed to power the device. Therefore, in this paper a design is proposed for a self‐powered photodetector based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) configuration. 3D dendritic TiO 2 nanostructures are synthesized as the built‐in UV photodetector as well as the contact material of the TENG. The cost‐effective, robust, and easily fabricated TENG‐based photodetector presents superior photoresponse characteristics, which include an excellent responsivity over 280 A W −1 , rapid rise time (18 ms) and decay time (31 ms), and a wide detection range of light intensity from 20 μW cm −2 to 7 mW cm −2 . In the last part of the paper, a stand‐alone and self‐powered environmental sensing device is developed by applying poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates and springs to assemble the TENG‐based photodetector. These results indicate that the new prototype sensing device based on the TENG configuration shows great potential as a self‐powered photodetector.