gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-Triggered and Rate-Constrained On-chip Communication in Mixed-Criticality Systems (2016)

The ongoing trend to integrate multiple functions with different criticalities on a single platform calls for a robust on-chip communication infrastructure in which subsystems of different criticalities can coexist and interact. A fundamental prerequisite for such a platform is to eliminate any interference between safety-critical functions and non safety-critical ones. Furthermore, as mixed-criticality systems often comprise heterogeneous subsystems, the platform shall support different timing models (e.g., periodic and sporadic activities). This paper introduces an extension layer for the Network Interface (NI) of a network-on-a-chip in order to establish temporal and spatial partitioning over the entire chip. We describe how chip-wide segregation between different subsystems assures the absence of interference for time-triggered messages and bounded latencies for rate-constrained messages. The configuration of the NIs establishes guarding windows for time-triggered messages and traffic shaping of rate-constrained messages.
The control of interferon‐inducible gene expression (1991)

The alpha beta interferons (IFNs) transiently induce genes through an IFN-stimulable DNA response element (ISRE). IFN-cell surface receptor interaction triggers the cytoplasmic activation of the complex primary transcription factor E, which on translocation and interaction with the ISRE initiates transcription. Whether E is activated directly through the receptor(s) or through a more classical second message pathway(s) and the roles of additional factors in the alpha beta and gamma IFN responses remain to be established. Meanwhile analysis of mutants has revealed complexity and overlap in the alpha, beta and gamma IFN response pathways and the products of at least two viruses have been shown to inhibit IFN-inducible gene expression.
Effect of Alternating Current and Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria on Corrosion of X80 Pipeline Steel in Soil-Extract Solution (2019)

AC corrosion has been considere d as a threat to the corrosion of buried pipelines. Effects of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and alternating current (AC) on corrosion of X80 pipeline steel in soil-extract solution were investigated by electrochemical and surface analysis techniques. AC current can inhibit the growth of planktonic and sessile SRB. The corrosion current density of steel with 10 mA/cm² AC current is about nine times bigger than that without AC current. Corrosion morphology changes from small pitting to large pitting holes with increasing AC current density. Corrosion of steel with SRB and AC current is controlled by both active dissolution of iron and film degradation.
A Monolithically Integrated Large-Scale Optical Phased Array in Silicon-on-Insulator CMOS (2017)

A large-scale monolithic silicon nanophotonic phased array on a chip creates and dynamically steers a high-resolution optical beam in free space, enabling emerging applications in sensing, imaging, and communication. The scalable architecture leverages sub-array structure, mitigating the impact of process variation on the phased array performance. In addition, sharing control electronics among multiple optical modulators in the scalable architecture reduces the number of digital-to-analog converters (DACs) required for an N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> array from O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) to O(N), allowing a small silicon footprint. An optical phased array for 1550-nm wavelength with 1024 uniformly spaced optical grating antennas, 1192 optical variable phase shifters, and 168 optical variable attenuators is integrated into a 5.7 mm × 6.4 mm chip in a commercial 180-nm silicon-on-insulator RF CMOS technology. The control signals for the optical variable phase shifters and attenuators are provided by 136 DACs with 14-bit nonuniform resolution using 2.5-V input-output transistors. The implemented phased array can create 0.03° narrow optical beams that can be steered unambiguously within ±22.5°.
Alternative Approach to Increasing Li Mobility in Li-La-Nb/Ta Garnet Electrolytes (2010)

The solid-state lithium electrolytes Li5La3Ta2O12 and Li5La3Nb2O12 have been the focus of recent studies due to their chemically robust nature (against the lithium electrode; particularly the tantalate analogue) and high lithium conductivity. Structural characterization and Li-conductivity studies have shown that there are two populations of lithium cations, nominally called octahedral (less tightly bound) and tetrahedral sites (tightly bound), and the octahedrally coordinated lithium are considerably more mobile than the tetrahedrally coordinated lithium. In this study, we have documented two methods to preferentially vacate the tetrahedral or nonmobile lithium sites. This is accomplished by either Li2O volatility upon repeated mixing and heating solid-state processing steps or by aqueous H+ → Li+ exchange, followed by removal of the exchanged-in H+ by water vaporization. The aqueous treatment produces the largest change in the tetrahedral (nonmobile) lithium sites concentration. The ability to ion-exchange the Li+ also suggests an aqueous instability of these phases that is not widely recognized. These processes are documented by 6Li MAS NMR, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. Combined 6Li and 7Li NMR studies show that aqueous treatment significantly increases the dynamics of the remaining Li sites. The NMR energy of activation (Ea) for lithium mobility in Li5−xLa3Ta2O12−x/2 decreases by ∼54% for the long-T1 Li component and ∼14% for the fast-T1 component following heat treatment, while subsequent aqueous treatment revealed a slow component with a similar Ea to the heat treated sample but with the short-T1 component showing an approximate doubling in the Ea.
Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells (2007)

Recent observations indicate that, in several types of human cancer, only a phenotypic subset of cancer cells within each tumor is capable of initiating tumor growth. This functional subset of cancer cells is operationally defined as the "cancer stem cell" (CSC) subset. Here we developed a CSC model for the study of human colorectal cancer (CRC). Solid CRC tissues, either primary tissues collected from surgical specimens or xenografts established in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice, were disaggregated into single-cell suspensions and analyzed by flow cytometry. Surface markers that displayed intratumor heterogeneous expression among epithelial cancer cells were selected for cell sorting and tumorigenicity experiments. Individual phenotypic cancer cell subsets were purified, and their tumor-initiating properties were investigated by injection in NOD/SCID mice. Our observations indicate that, in six of six human CRC tested, the ability to engraft in vivo in immunodeficient mice was restricted to a minority subpopulation of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)(high)/CD44+ epithelial cells. Tumors originated from EpCAM(high)/CD44+ cells maintained a differentiated phenotype and reproduced the full morphologic and phenotypic heterogeneity of their parental lesions. Analysis of the surface molecule repertoire of EpCAM(high)/CD44+ cells led to the identification of CD166 as an additional differentially expressed marker, useful for CSC isolation in three of three CRC tested. These results validate the stem cell working model in human CRC and provide a highly robust surface marker profile for CRC stem cell isolation.
Antioxidant activity in children with ADHD – a comparison in untreated and treated subjects with normal children (2011)

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequently encountered clinical condition in children. Based on DSM IV-TR criteria it can be sub-classified into three distinct types namely hyperactiveimpulsive, inattentive and combined. Materials and Methods: In the present study, salivary antioxidant activity (AOA) in children with ADHD was compared with age-matched normal control subjects, both as a whole and also with regard to the three subtypes. Additionally, the effect of therapy on the altered AOA levels was investigated following short term (&lt;3 months) and long term (1–3 years) treatments. AOA and catalase activities in the saliva were estimated employing previously reported biochemical procedures. Results: While AOA is decreased in ADHD patients as compared to normal subjects, statistically significant decrease is seen only in the combined and the hyperactive-impulsive subtypes. Restoration of AOA and catalase activities is seen only after sustained therapy and not in the short term. Conclusion: It is concluded that ADHD is associated with decrease in AOA and this should possibly also be addressed for limiting the long term outcomes of this condition.
Rapid Sequencing of Oligonucleotides by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid Sequencing of Oligonucleotides by High-Resolution Mass SpectrometryDaniel P. Little, Russell A. Chorush, J. Paul Speir, Michael W. Senko, Neil L. Kelleher, and Fred W. McLaffertyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11, 4893–4897Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00090a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00090a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views491Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: A New Access to 2′‐O‐Alkylated Ribonucleosides and Properties of 2′‐O‐ Alkylated Oligoribonucleotides. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antisense Oligonucleotides: Promise and Reality (2001)

Antisense oligonucleotides have been used for more than a decade to downregulate gene expression. Phosphodiester oligonucleotides are nuclease sensitive, and the more nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate oligonucleotides are now in common use in the laboratory and have entered clinical trials. However, these molecules are highly bioactive and may inhibit gene expression by more than one mechanism. Although some dramatic successes have been demonstrated, it can still be difficult to properly interpret experimental data derived from the use of this class of oligonucleotide. This review discusses some of these issues with particular reference to a major area of current interest--inhibition of bcl-2 expression in tumor cells.
Novel Theranostic Opportunities Offered by Characterization of Altered Membrane Lipid Metabolism in Breast Cancer Progression (2011)

Activation of lipid metabolism is an early event in carcinogenesis and a central hallmark of many cancers. However, the precise molecular composition of lipids in tumors remains generally poorly characterized. The aim of the present study was to analyze the global lipid profiles of breast cancer, integrate the results to protein expression, and validate the findings by functional experiments. Comprehensive lipidomics was conducted in 267 human breast tissues using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry. The products of de novo fatty acid synthesis incorporated into membrane phospholipids, such as palmitate-containing phosphatidylcholines, were increased in tumors as compared with normal breast tissues. These lipids were associated with cancer progression and patient survival, as their concentration was highest in estrogen receptor-negative and grade 3 tumors. In silico transcriptomics database was utilized in investigating the expression of lipid metabolism related genes in breast cancer, and on the basis of these results, the expression of specific proteins was studied by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that several genes regulating lipid metabolism were highly expressed in clinical breast cancer samples and supported also the lipidomics results. Gene silencing experiments with seven genes [ACACA (acetyl-CoA carboxylase α), ELOVL1 (elongation of very long chain fatty acid-like 1), FASN (fatty acid synthase), INSIG1 (insulin-induced gene 1), SCAP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein), SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase), and THRSP (thyroid hormone-responsive protein)] indicated that silencing of multiple lipid metabolism-regulating genes reduced the lipidomic profiles and viability of the breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results imply that phospholipids may have diagnostic potential as well as that modulation of their metabolism may provide therapeutic opportunities in breast cancer treatment.
Bi-specific antibody therapy for the treatment of cancer. (2001)

Bi-specific antibodies (BsAbs) combine immune cell activation with tumor cell recognition as a result of which tumor cells are killed by pre-defined effector cells. In this review a brief introduction to monoclonal antibodies will precede a more in-depth presentation of the current status of BsAb therapy for cancer. Target molecules and effector mechanisms aimed at tumor cells or aimed at tumor vasculature, and the application of recombinant DNA technology in the construction of antibodies, will be discussed. The lessons learned from the last decade will be discussed in consideration of the potential future development of BsAbs for cancer therapy.
SRC binding to the cytoskeleton, triggered by growth cone attachment to laminin, is protein tyrosine phosphatase-dependent (1998)

The interaction of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Src, with the cytoskeleton of adhesion sites was studied in nerve growth cones isolated from fetal rat brain. Of particular interest was the role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in the regulation of Src-cytoskeleton binding. Growth cones were found to contain a high level of protein tryrosine phosphatase activity, most of it membrane-associated and forming large, multimeric and wheat germ agglutinin-binding complexes. The receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTPalpha seems to be the most prevalent species among the membrane-associated enzymes. As seen by immunofluorescence, PTPalpha is present throughout the plasmalemma of the growth cone including filopodia, and it forms a punctate pattern consistent with that of integrin beta1. For adhesion site analysis, isolated growth cones were either plated onto the neurite growth substratum, laminin, or kept in suspension. Plating growth cones on laminin triggered an 8-fold increase in Src binding to the adherent cytoskeleton. This effect was blocked completely with the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, vanadate. Growth cone plating also increased the association with adhesion sites of tyrosine phosphatase activity (14-fold) and of PTPalpha immunoreactivity (6-fold). Vanadate blocked the enzyme activity but not the recruitment of PTPalpha to the adhesion sites. In conjunction with our previous results on growth cones, these data suggest that integrin binding to laminin triggers the recruitment of PTPalpha (and perhaps other protein tyrosine phosphatases) to adhesion sites, resulting in de-phosphorylation of Src's tyr 527. As a result Src unfolds, becomes kinase-active, and its SH2 domain can bind to an adhesion site protein. This implies a critical role for protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in the earliest phases of adhesion site assembly.
Poly-L-ornithine-mediated transformation of mammalian cells. (1987)

Poly-L-ornithine has been used to introduce DNA and RNA into mammalian cells in culture. Ornithine-mediated DNA transfer has several interesting and potentially useful properties. The procedure is technically straightforward and is easily applied to either small or large numbers of recipient cells. The efficiency of transformation is high. Under optimal conditions, 1 to 2% of recipient mouse L cells take up and continue to express selectable marker genes. DNA content of transformants can be varied reproducibly, yielding cells with just one or two copies of the new gene under one set of conditions, while under a different set of conditions 25 to 50 copies are acquired. Cotransformation and expression of physically unlinked genes occur at high efficiency under conditions favoring multiple-copy transfer. Polyornithine promotes gene transfer into cell lines other than L cells. These include Friend erythroleukemia cells and NIH 3T3 cells. Both are transformed about 1 order of magnitude more efficiently by this procedure than by standard calcium phosphate products. However, the method does not abolish the large transformation efficiency differences between these cell lines that have been observed previously by other techniques. (vi) mRNA synthesized in vitro was also introduced into cells by this method. The RNA was translated resulting in a transient accumulation of the protein product.
Electrophilic Warhead-Based Design of Compounds Preventing NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis (2014)

Pyroptosis is a caspase-1-dependent pro-inflammatory form of programmed cell death implicated in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases as well as in disorders characterized by excessive cell death and inflammation. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is a key event in the pyroptotic cascade. In this study, we describe the synthesis and chemical tuning of α,β-unsaturated electrophilic warheads toward the development of antipyroptotic compounds. Their pharmacological evaluation and structure-activity relationships are also described. Compound 9 was selected as a model of this series, and it proved to be a reactive Michael acceptor, irreversibly trapping thiol nucleophiles, which prevented both ATP- and nigericin-triggered pyroptosis of human THP-1 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, 9 and other structurally related compounds, inhibited caspase-1 and NLRP3 ATPase activities. Our findings can contribute to the development of covalent, multitarget antipyroptotic compounds targeting molecular components of the NLRP3 inflammasome regulatory pathway.
Chelate and macrocycle effects in the 2,2'-bipyridine N,N'-dioxide complexation of alkyltin trichlorides (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelate and macrocycle effects in the 2,2'-bipyridine N,N'-dioxide complexation of alkyltin trichloridesHoward Edan KatzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 12, 2086–2091Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00212a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (767 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Interplay of CCR2 signaling and local shear force determines vein graft neointimal hyperplasia in vivo (2009)

Leukocytes play a central role in vein graft neointimal hyperplasia, which is significantly augmented under low shear conditions. The current concept is that shear force regulates leukocyte adhesion predominately through up-regulation of chemokines and growth factors within the graft wall. Using rabbit and murine vein graft models, we demonstrate that CC chemokine receptor 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mediated monocyte recruitment and a low shear environment act synergistically to augment neointimal hyperplasia development and removal of either of the conditions leads to a significant reduction in neointimal thickening. We propose a novel concept that the shear stress response element phenotypically stems from the complex interplay of the biological and physical microenvironments.
Programmable aperture photography (2008)

In this paper, we present a system including a novel component called programmable aperture and two associated post-processing algorithms for high-quality light field acquisition. The shape of the programmable aperture can be adjusted and used to capture light field at full sensor resolution through multiple exposures without any additional optics and without moving the camera. High acquisition efficiency is achieved by employing an optimal multiplexing scheme, and quality data is obtained by using the two post-processing algorithms designed for self calibration of photometric distortion and for multi-view depth estimation. View-dependent depth maps thus generated help boost the angular resolution of light field. Various post-exposure photographic effects are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system and the quality of the captured light field.
Seroprevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies to Adenovirus Type 5 among Children in India: Implications for Recombinant Adenovirus-Based Vaccines (2007)

ABSTRACT We determined the levels of adenovirus 5 (Ad5) neutralizing antibodies in children in India less than 2 years of age. The results clearly show an age-dependent increase in Ad5-specific immunity, with 7- to 12-month-old children having the lowest levels of Ad5 immunity. This opens up the scope for the use of recombinant Ad5-based vaccines in this age group.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of the visual cortex: a proof-of-concept study based on interictal electrophysiological abnormalities in migraine (2013)

Anodal tDCS over the visual cortex is thus able to increase habituation to repetitive visual stimuli in healthy volunteers and in episodic migraineurs, who on average lack habituation interictally. Moreover, 2 weekly sessions of anodal tDCS had a significant preventive anti- migraine effect, proofing the concept that the low preactivation level of the visual cortex in migraine patients can be corrected by an activating neurostimulation. The therapeutic results indicate that a larger sham-controlled trial using the same tDCS protocol is worthwhile.