gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Combination of Two Human Monoclonal Antibodies Prevents Zika Virus Escape Mutations in Non-human Primates (2018)

Zika virus (ZIKV) causes severe neurologic complications and fetal aberrations. Vaccine development is hindered by potential safety concerns due to antibody cross-reactivity with dengue virus and the possibility of disease enhancement. In contrast, passive administration of anti-ZIKV antibodies engineered to prevent enhancement may be safe and effective. Here, we report on human monoclonal antibody Z021, a potent neutralizer that recognizes an epitope on the lateral ridge of the envelope domain III (EDIII) of ZIKV and is protective against ZIKV in mice. When administered to macaques undergoing a high-dose ZIKV challenge, a single anti-EDIII antibody selected for resistant variants. Co-administration of two antibodies, Z004 and Z021, which target distinct sites on EDIII, was associated with a delay and a 3- to 4-log decrease in peak viremia. Moreover, the combination of these antibodies engineered to avoid enhancement prevented viral escape due to mutation in macaques, a natural host for ZIKV.
Ototrauma induces sodium channel plasticity in auditory afferent neurons (2011)

Exposure to intense sound can cause damage to the delicate sensory and neuronal components of the cochlea leading to hearing loss. Such damage often causes the dendrites of the spiral ganglion neurons (SGN), the neurons that provide the afferent innervation of the hair cells, to swell and degenerate thus damaging the synapse. In models of neuropathic pain, axotomy, another form of afferent nerve damage, is accompanied by altered voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) expression, leading to neuronal hyperactivity. In this study, adult Wistar rats were exposed to noise which produced a mild, 20 dB hearing threshold elevation and their VGSC expression was investigated. Quantitative PCR showed decreased Na(V)1.1 and Na(V)1.6 mRNA expression in the SGN following noise exposure (29% and 56% decrease respectively) while Na(V)1.7 mRNA expression increased by approximately 20% when compared to control rats. Immunohistochemistry extended these findings, revealing increased staining for Na(V)1.1 along the SGN dendrites and Na(V)1.7 in the cell bodies after noise. These results provide the first evidence for selective changes in VGSC expression following moderate noise-induced hearing loss and could contribute to elevated hearing thresholds and to the generation of perceptual anomalies commonly associated with cochlear damage, such as tinnitus and hyperacusis.
Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases as Anti-Cancer Therapeutics (2000)

Initiation, progression, and completion of the cell cycle are regulated by various cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are thus critical for cell growth. Tumour development is closely associated with genetic alteration and deregulation of CDKs and their regulators, suggesting that inhibitors of CDKs may be useful anti-cancer therapeutics. Indeed, early results suggest that transformed and normal cells differ in their requirement for e.g. cyclin/CDK2 and that it may be possible to develop novel antineoplastic agents devoid of the general host toxicity observed with conventional cystostatic drugs. Numerous active-site inhibitors of CDKs have been studied; the main limitation with these ATP antagonists is kinase specificity for CDKs. However, screening of compound collections, as well as rational design based on enzyme-ligand complex crystal structures, are now yielding pre-clinical candidates, particularly certain purine and flavonoid analogues, with impressive potency and selectivity. Natural CDK inhibitors (CKIs), e.g. the tumour suppressor gene products p16(INK4), p21(WAF1), and p27(KIP1), form the starting point for the design of mechanism-based CDK inhibitors. A number of these small proteins have been dissected and inhibitory lead peptides amenable to peptidomimetic development have been identified. Conversion of these peptides into pharmaceutically useful molecules is greatly aided by the recent elucidation of CKI/CDK crystal and solution structures. Additional interaction sites on CDKs being exploited for the purposes of inhibitor design include: phosphorylation/dephosphorylation sites, macromolecular substrate binding site, CKS regulatory subunit binding sites, cyclin-binding site, cellular localisation domain, and destruction box. Finally, progress has recently been made in the application of antisense technology in order to target CDK activity.
Survival among women with borderline ovarian tumors and ovarian carcinoma (2004)

Relative survival among women with distant-stage LMP tumors was not 100% and resembled the survival of women who had carcinoma exhibiting favorable prognostic features (localized stage). Future studies of women with high-stage LMP tumors are required to clarify the pathogenesis of extraovarian lesions and their implications for management and prognosis.
Joint MAP registration and high-resolution image estimation using a sequence of undersampled images (1997)

In many imaging systems, the detector array is not sufficiently dense to adequately sample the scene with the desired field of view. This is particularly true for many infrared focal plane arrays. Thus, the resulting images may be severely aliased. This paper examines a technique for estimating a high-resolution image, with reduced aliasing, from a sequence of undersampled frames. Several approaches to this problem have been investigated previously. However, in this paper a maximum a posteriori (MAP) framework for jointly estimating image registration parameters and the high-resolution image is presented. Several previous approaches have relied on knowing the registration parameters a priori or have utilized registration techniques not specifically designed to treat severely aliased images. In the proposed method, the registration parameters are iteratively updated along with the high-resolution image in a cyclic coordinate-descent optimization procedure. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed MAP algorithm using both visible and infrared images. Quantitative error analysis is provided and several images are shown for subjective evaluation.
Design of the opportunistic garbage collector (1989)

The Opportunistic Garbage Collector (OGC) is a generational garbage collector for stock hardware and operating systems. While incorporating important features of previous systems, the OGC includes several innovations. A new bucket brigade heap organization supports advancement thresholds between one and two scavenges, using only two or three spaces per generation, and without requiring per-object counts. Opportunistic scavenging decouples scavenging from the filling of available memory, in order to hide potentially disruptive scavenge pauses and improve efficiency. Card marking efficiently records which small areas of the heap may contain pointers into younger generations, and is supported by a refinement of the crossing map technique, to enable scanning of arbitrary cards.
Banked human fascia lata for the suburethral sling procedure: A preliminary report (1996)

These preliminary data suggest that allogenic fascia lata is an acceptable material for the suburethral sling procedure. This material may be considered as an alternative to autologous fascia, which must be harvested from the patient intraoperatively, and to synthetic materials, which have been associated with local complications in up to 40% of cases.
Tailoring Micelle Formation and Gelation in (PEG−P(MA-POSS)) Amphiphilic Hybrid Block Copolymers (2011)

We demonstrate that hydrophobic POSS (polyhedral oligomeric-silsesquioxane) nanoparticles, added to block copolymer solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(methacrylisobutyl polyhedral oligomericsilsesquioxane) P(MA-POSS) as the hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks respectively, could be employed to tailor their micelle formation, gelation, and rheological performance. For example, the hydrodynamic size of the micelles, formed by PEG5k-b-P(MA-POSS)3.6, increased from 13.6 ± 1.0 to 56.9 ± 3.7, an increase of more than four times, with 0.1 wt % (with respect to block copolymer) POSS nanoparticles in solution. However, the micelles retain their spherical morphology with core−shell structure as evidenced by calculating the values of dimensionless ratios, Rg/Rh for micelles as a function of added POSS nanoparticles content. For P(MA-POSS)-b-PEG10k-b-P(MA-POSS) triblock copolymers, which is associative in nature, addition of POSS nanoparticles resulted in formation of more robust and stronger hydrogels with a significantly higher storage modulus, G′, yield strengths, σy, and lower critical gelation concentration, cg, as compared with those for the pristine triblock copolymer. The presence of eight vinyl groups, attached to the POSS nanoparticles under investigations, is also exploited for further enhancement of rheological properties of the hydrogels with UV treatment. Finally, gel formation is induced in aqueous solutions of PEG5k-b-P(MA-POSS)3.6 diblock copolymer by introducing P(MA-POSS)-b-PEG10k-b-P(MA-POSS) triblock copolymer chains, and the rheological performance of the produced hydrogels, with certain compositions, is even superior to that of pure triblock copolymer gel.
Engine Oil Formulation Technology to Prevent Pre-ignition in Turbocharged Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engines (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engine oil formulation is known to affect low speed pre-ignition (LSPI), which creates technical restrictions on downsized turbocharged engines. Calcium, which is used to ensure detergency and anti-rust performance, is reported to increase LSPI events. Therefore, new formulation technologies are needed to satisfy both LSPI prevention performance and other conventional performance areas.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The authors focused on two approaches: enhancement of LSPI prevention performance by adding a booster component and substitution of calcium for a less reactive component to balance performance areas including LSPI prevention. We have verified the effectiveness of these approaches by increasing the dosage of molybdenum used as a friction modifier as well as replacing calcium detergent with a magnesium detergent. These formulation strategies can be applicable for future ILSAC GF-6 engine oil, where a specification for LSPI prevention performance is expected to be implemented.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
T Cell Memory Against Colon Carcinoma Is Long-Lived in the Absence of Antigen (1999)

Eradication of established colon carcinoma metastases is a major goal for adjuvant immunotherapy of this disease. This was accomplished in a murine model by targeting IL-2 to the tumor microenvironment with a recombinant Ab-IL-2 fusion protein (huKS1/4-IL-2). The generation of a long-lived protective immunity was demonstrated by a 10- to 14-fold increase in CTL precursor (pCTL) frequency and induction of genes encoding Th1 cytokines, followed by the generation of tumor-specific CD8+ T effector cells, some of which differentiated into long-lived T memory cells. The frequency of pCTL correlated with enhanced immune protection against tumor cell challenge, and long-lived T cell memory was maintained in syngeneic SCID mice in the absence of tumor Ag. Tumor cell challenge of these SCID mice, concomitant with a boost of two noncurative doses of huKS1/4-IL-2 fusion protein, resulted in the generation of primed CD8+ T effector cells with concurrent release of Th1 cytokines. These events culminated in the complete rejection of the tumor cell challenge and prevention of pulmonary metastases. Taken together, the data suggest that T cell memory against colon carcinoma can be maintained in the absence of Ag.
Glial Boundaries in the Developing Nervous System (1993)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Comparative In Vitro Efficacy of Different Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Antagonists on Platelet-Mediated Clot Strength Induced by Tissue Factor With Use of Thromboelastography (2000)

In the present study, the in vitro efficacy of different platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) antagonists on platelet-fibrin-mediated clot strength under shear was compared with the antiaggregatory efficacy by using tissue factor (TF) thromboelastography (TEG). The ability of platelets to augment the elastic properties of blood clots under shear conditions was measured by computerized TEG under conditions of maximal platelet activation accelerated by recombinant TF. Under these conditions, platelets significantly enhance clot strength 8-fold (relative to platelet-free fibrin clots). This effect was inhibited to a different extent by various platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists; this inhibition appears to be dependent on the transmission of platelet contractile force to fibrin via the GPIIb/IIIa receptors. The GPIIb/IIIa antagonists with high binding affinity for resting and activated platelets and slow platelet dissociation rates (class I) but not those with fast platelet dissociation rates (class II) demonstrated potent and comparable inhibition of platelet aggregation and TF-TEG clot strength. Platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonists of class I, such as XV459 (free-acid form of roxifiban), DMP802, XV454, and c7E3, demonstrated comparable inhibitory dose responses of TF-TEG clot strength and platelet aggregation, with an IC(50) of 50 to 70 nmol/L. In contrast, platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonists from class II, with comparable antiaggregatory efficacy, such as DMP728, YZ202 (free-acid form of orbofiban), YZ211 (free-acid form of sibrafiban), YZ751, and other antagonists, have a much lower efficacy in altering the strength of TF-mediated clot formation (IC(50) >1.0 micromol/L). These data suggest differential efficacy among different GPIIb/IIIa antagonists in inhibiting platelet-fibrin clot retraction despite of equivalent antiaggregatory potency.
Which competencies do health information managers working in public hospitals perceive to be important for effective performance? (2015)

The aim of this study was to ascertain which competencies health information managers (HIMs) working in public hospital positions perceived were important for effective performance. A health information management competency model was developed based on the Boyatzis (1982) managerial competency model and modified to take into account previous health information management competency documents and competency studies in the Australian health service management literature. A questionnaire, administered between July 1995 and June 1996, asked a sample of 306 health information managers (HIMs) from 71 New South Wales and Victorian public hospitals to rate the importance of managerial competencies for effective performance in their current roles. The study sample was split, post survey, into two groups, 'managerial HIMs' and 'coder HIMs,' in order to reflect important role differences. The results showed that the Personal and interpersonal skills competency cluster, which included leadership, motivation, problem solving, managing change and negotiation skills, was ranked as most important by managerial HIMs in NSW, and the Clinical classification skills competency cluster was ranked as most important by Victorian managerial HIMs. This difference was thought to be due to the casemix-based funding environment in Victoria at the time of data collection. Nearly all the competencies listed were perceived to be of 'high' to 'medium' importance (on a scale of 'low', 'medium' and 'high') by managerial HIMs from both states. Coder HIMs from both states perceived fewer competencies included in the developed model to be important; this highlights the divergent roles undertaken by 'coder HIMs' and 'managerial HIMs'. Further work is required on competencies of HIMs in roles other than hospital-based positions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some New 5‐Iodo‐7‐substituted Aminomethyl‐8‐ hydroxyquinolines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Patient-Centered Access to Secure Systems Online (PCASSO): a secure approach to clinical data access via the World Wide Web. (1997)

The Internet's World-Wide Web (WWW) provides an appealing medium for the communication of health related information due to its ease of use and growing popularity. But current technologies for communicating data between WWW clients and servers are systematically vulnerable to certain types of security threats. Prominent among these threats are "Trojan horse" programs running on client workstations, which perform some useful and known function for a user, while breaching security via background functions that are not apparent to the user. The Patient-Centered Access to Secure Systems Online (PCASSO) project of SAIC and UCSD is a research, development and evaluation project to exploit state-of-the-art security and WWW technology for health care. PCASSO is designed to provide secure access to clinical data for healthcare providers and their patients using the Internet. PCASSO will be evaluated for both safety and effectiveness, and may provide a model for secure communications via public data networks.
The Medical Device R&D Handbook (2012)

Exploring the practical, entrepreneurial, and historical aspects of medical device development, this second edition of The Medical Device R&D Handbook provides a how-to guide for medical device product development. The book offers knowledge of practical skills such as prototyping, plastics selection, and catheter construction, allowing designer
Face age estimation using patch-based hidden Markov model supervectors (2008)

Recent studies in patch-based Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) approaches for face age estimation present promising results. We propose using a hidden Markov model (HMM) supervector to represent face image patches, to improve from the previous GMM supervector approach by capturing the spatial structure of human faces and loosening the assumption of identical face patch distribution within a face image. The Euclidean distance of HMM supervectors constructed from two face images measures the similarity of the human faces, derived from the approximated Kullback-Leibler divergence between the joint distributions of patches with implicit unsupervised alignment of different regions in two human faces. The proposed HMM supervector approach compares favorably with the GMM supervector approach in face age estimation on a large face dataset.
Evaluation of a Knowledge-Based System Providing Ventilatory Management and Decision for Extubation (1996)

We evaluated whether a knowledge-based system (KBS) connected to a ventilator in pressure support mode could correctly predict the ability of patients to tolerate total withdrawal from ventilatory support. The KBS was designed to continuously adapt ventilatory assistance to the needs of the patient, to manage a strategy of gradually decreasing ventilatory assistance, and to indicate when the patient was able to breathe without assistance. Thirty-eight patients for whom weaning was being considered were evaluated using a conventional battery of parameters, including weaning criteria, tolerance of a T-piece trial, and outcome 48h after permanent withdrawal of ventilation. The results of this evaluation were compared with the suggestions made by the KBS at the end of a period of KBS-driven mechanical ventilation inserted in the conventional weaning procedure. The positive predictive value of the KBS was 89%, versus 77% for the conventional procedure and 81% for the rapid shallow breathing index alone. The KBS correctly predicted the course of five patients who tolerated a T-piece trial but required ventilation within 48 h. We conclude that our KBS ensured appropriate patient management during the weaning period and improved our ability to predict responses to weaning.
Envelope-Tracking Two-Stage Power Amplifier With Dual-Mode Supply Modulator for LTE Applications (2012)

This paper presents an envelope tracking power amplifier (ET PA) using a dual-mode supply modulator for handset application. The supply modulator has a combined structure with a linear amplifier and a switching amplifier. The dual-mode supply modulator operates in high-power mode and low-power mode by providing the supply voltage of the linear amplifier of 5 and 2.5 V, respectively. For 1.74-GHz long-term evolution signal with 10-MHz bandwidth, 6.44-dB peak-to-average power ratio, and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation, the ET PA delivers a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 39.8%, an evolved universal terrestrial radio access adjacent channel leakage ratio (E-UTRA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ACLR</sub> ) of - 35.7 dBc, and an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 3.81% at an average output power of 27 dBm. The ET PA also delivers a PAE of 22.6% at an average output power of 18 dBm, which is 6.6% higher than that of the conventional ET PA and 13.1% higher than that of the standalone PA. The supply modulator is connected to a drive stage and a power stage of the PA simultaneously for further enhanced efficiency at a power back-off region. The dual-mode two-stage ET PA delivers a PAE of 38.1%, an E-UTRA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ACLR</sub> of - 32.9 dBc, and an EVM of 4.74% at an average output power of 27 dBm. The dual-mode two-stage ET PA also delivers a PAE of 26.3% at an average output power of 18 dBm, which is 7.8% higher than that of the conventional two-stage ET PA and 16.7% higher than that of the standalone PA.
Normal Bronchial Epithelial Cells Constitutively Produce the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-10, Which is Downregulated in Cystic Fibrosis (1995)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent regulatory cytokine that decreases inflammatory responses and T-cell stimulation. We have found that respiratory epithelial lining fluid (ELF) from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) contains significantly less soluble IL-10 than ELF of healthy control subjects. Although macrophages from the chronically infected lungs of CF patients appear to be one source of IL-10, little or no intracellular IL-10 was found in bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages from healthy control subjects, suggesting that there must be another source of this cytokine in healthy lungs. We found that bronchial epithelial cells from healthy control subjects constitutively produce IL-10, which appears to be downregulated in CF patients. It is thus likely that the bronchial epithelium plays an important role in regulating the local immune response, producing IL-10 to decrease inflammation in the healthy lung. Conversely, downregulation of epithelial IL-10 production in CF airways may contribute to enhancing local inflammation and tissue damage.
Transfer RNA modification: influence on translational frameshifting and metabolism (1999)

Transfer RNA modification improves the rate of aa-tRNA selection at the A-site and the fitness in the P-site and thereby prevents frameshifting according to a new model how frameshifting occurs [Qian et al. (1998) Mol. Cell 1, 471-482]. Evidence that the presence of various modified nucleosides in tRNA also influences central metabolism, thiamine metabolism, and bacterial virulence is reviewed.