gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dye-sensitized solar cells using ZnO nanotips and Ga-doped ZnO films (2008)

Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a promising and low-cost photovoltaic device. In the DSSC, a monolayer of dye is anchored on the surface of a semiconductor oxide. Photoexcitation takes place inside the dye, and photogenerated charges are then separated at the dye/oxide interface. Nanostructured oxide films are particularly attractive for DSSCs as they provide large surface area for dye anchoring. The crystalline quality of oxide films has significant impact on the charge transport. It is important to reduce the charge traps in the oxide to speed up the charge transport. In the DSSC, the transparent conducting oxide serves as an optical window, which determines the amount of light entering the device, and as the electrode, which extracts photocurrent. In the cell design, the selection of semiconductor oxide and corresponding transparent electrode is critical to achieve efficient light harvesting, charge separation and extraction. In this dissertation, a novel photoelectrode, consisting of well-aligned ZnO nanotips and a Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) TCO film, is developed for DSSC applications. The n-type semiconductor ZnO nanotips provide large surface area for dye anchoring in conjunction with direct conduction pathways for charge transport, while the GZO film acts as the transparent electrode. ZnO nanotips and GZO films are grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). GZO films (~400 nm) with sheet resistance of ~ 25 W/sq and transmittance over ~ 85% are achieved. ZnO nanotips have single crystalline quality and show free exciton emissions at room temperature. Photoelectrochemical cells are fabricated using liquid redox electrolyte and semi-solid gel electrolyte, respectively. UV light harvesting, which is directly generated by ZnO photoelectrode, is observed. The DSSC using liquid electrolyte exhibits a quantum efficiency at ~530nm of 65% and power conversion efficiency of 0.77%. By replacing the liquid electrolyte with gel electrolyte in the DSSC with the same structure, the open circuit voltage is increased from 610 mV to 726 mV and the overall power efficiency is increased to 0.89%. The aging testing shows that the DSSC using gel electrolyte has better stability than its liquid electrolyte counterpart.
Dynamic Ventilatory Characteristics During Weaning in Postoperative Critically III Patients (1997)

Postoperative patients occasionally require more than 48 h of mechanical ventilation.This study examined whether there were distinct differences in dynamic respiratory variables between patients who successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation and those who failed. Forty general and thoracic surgery patients underwent a standardized weaning sequence: 25 min of synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) at 8 bpm plus 5 cm H2 O pressure support ventilation (PSV), then SIMV at 4 bpm plus 5 cm H2 O PSV, followed by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) plus 5 cm H2 O PSV and, finally, CPAP without PSV. Twenty-eight patients successfully weaned and 12 failed. During SIMV at 4 bpm plus 5 cm H2 O PSV, the spontaneous respiratory rate to spontaneous tidal volume ratio (sRR/sVT) and total and spontaneous respiratory rates were higher (P < 0.01) in the failure group. sRR/sVT values (threshold 65 bpm/L, sensitivity 1.00, specificity 0.82) and sRR values (threshold 12 bpm, sensitivity 0.95, specificity 0.84) were distinctive. During CPAP plus 5 cm H2 O of PSV, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, patient work of breathing, and P0.1 were higher (P < 0.01) in those who failed. P0.1 (threshold 4.5 cm H2 O, sensitivity 1.00, specificity 1.00), patient work of breathing (threshold 1.3 J/L, sensitivity 0.92, and specificity 0.98), and the sRR/sVT ratio (threshold 65 bpm/L, sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.80) were distinctive. Most unique was the analysis of spontaneous breaths during low SIMV rates. This appears to permit an early determination of whether weaning would succeed. (Anesth Analg 1997;84:1250-5)
Applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process in healthcare research: A systematic literature review and evaluation of reporting (2015)

The AHP has been applied inconsistently in healthcare research. A minority of studies described all the relevant aspects. Thus, the statements in this review may be biased, as they are restricted to the information available in the papers. Hence, further research is required to discover who should be interviewed and how, how inconsistent answers should be dealt with, and how the outcome and stability of the results should be presented. In addition, we need new insights to determine which target group can best handle the challenges of the AHP.
Improved thermostability of the North American firefly luciferase: saturation mutagenesis at position 354 (1996)

We have used random chemical mutagenesis and a simple genetic screen to generate and isolate a thermostable mutant of luciferase from the North American firefly (Photinus pyralis). A single G-to-A transition mutation, resulting in the substitution of a glutamate for a lysine residue at position 354 in the protein sequence, was shown to be responsible for this enhanced thermostability. Replacement of Glu-354 with all possible amino acid residues was achieved using directed mutagenesis, and produced mutant enzymes with a range of thermostabilities. The mutations E354K and E354R conferred the largest increases in thermostability, suggesting that side-chain size and hydrophobicity, as well as charge, may also be important contributors to the overall thermostability of the polypeptide chain at this position. Unusually for such mutations, biochemical studies suggest that this position is on the surface of the protein and exposed to solvent.
Modeling the adoption patterns of new healthcare technology with respect to Continuous Glucose Monitoring (2008)

This paper develops a model that explains trends and relationships between factors that affect the adoption patterns of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices for diabetes patients, hoping ultimately to develop a predictive tool that can inform stakeholders (patients, doctors, insurance companies, and CGM device manufacturers) about the long-term economic prospects associated with this emerging technology. To describe the methodological approach, we have adopted an agent-based framework due to the large number of independent decision makers involved in CGM adoption. After studying the industry, we have identified the principle stakeholders in healthcare as patients, physicians, device manufacturers, and insurance providers, who interact with one another in complex ways, with the nature of the interaction being highly asymmetric. The model is instantiated as an agent-based simulation using the freeware NetLogo to be implemented as a web-based application. Agent creation and representation are supported with data that reflects the dynamic relationships found within the healthcare industry between the principle continuous glucose monitoring stakeholders. A broader impact of this work is that it provides a design methodology and solutions for constructing these models for systems with multiple independent decision-makers.
Highly Selective Nickel Ethylene Oligomerization Catalysts Based on Sterically Hindered Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Ligands (2003)

The reaction of TlTp‘ (Tp‘ = HB(3-mesitylpyrazolyl)3- (TpMs), HB(3-mesitylpyrazolyl)2(5-mesitylpyrazolyl)- (TpMs*)) with NiCl2·6H2O affords TpMsNiCl (1) and TpMs*NiCl (2) in good yield. The compound 2 undergoes an isomerization process to form [{TpMs**}NiCl]2 (3) (TpMs**= HB(5-mesitylpyrazolyl)2(3-mesitylpyrazolyl)-) in 68% yield. Treatment of the tris(pyrazolyl)borate nickel compounds 1 and 2 with alkylaluminum cocatalysts such as methylalumoxane (MAO) and trimethylaluminum (TMA) in toluene generates active catalysts for ethylene oligomerization. The compound 1 shows turnover frequencies in the range of (2.2−43.1) × 103 h-1. Oligomerization reaction conditions can be adjusted that lead to selectivities as high as 81% for butene-1.
Stabilization of Non-productive Conformations Underpins Rapid Electron Transfer to Electron-transferring Flavoprotein (2005)

Crystal structures of protein complexes with electron-transferring flavoprotein (ETF) have revealed a dual protein-protein interface with one region serving as anchor while the ETF FAD domain samples available space within the complex. We show that mutation of the conserved Glu-165beta in human ETF leads to drastically modulated rates of interprotein electron transfer with both medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and dimethylglycine dehydrogenase. The crystal structure of free E165betaA ETF is essentially identical to that of wild-type ETF, but the crystal structure of the E165betaA ETF.medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase complex reveals clear electron density for the FAD domain in a position optimal for fast interprotein electron transfer. Based on our observations, we present a dynamic multistate model for conformational sampling that for the wild-type ETF. medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase complex involves random motion between three distinct positions for the ETF FAD domain. ETF Glu-165beta plays a key role in stabilizing positions incompatible with fast interprotein electron transfer, thus ensuring high rates of complex dissociation.
Phase II Trial of Taxol, an Active Drug in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer (1991)

Journal Article Phase II Trial of Taxol, an Active Drug in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer Get access Frankie Ann Holmes, Frankie Ann Holmes * Section of Breast Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Tex * Frankie Ann Holmes, M.D., The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center-Box 95, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston TX 77030. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ronald S. Walters, Ronald S. Walters Section of Breast Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard L. Theriault, Richard L. Theriault Section of Breast Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Aman U. Buzdar, Aman U. Buzdar Section of Breast Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Debra K. Frye, Debra K. Frye Section of Breast Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi Section of Breast Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Tex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arthur D. Forman, Arthur D. Forman Division of Medicine, Department of Neuro Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lesley K. Newton, Lesley K. Newton Division of Medicine, Department of Neuro Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martin N. Raber Martin N. Raber Clinical Trials Administration, Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 24, 18 December 1991, Pages 1797–1805, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.24.1797-a Published: 18 December 1991 Article history Received: 23 July 1991 Revision received: 03 October 1991 Accepted: 04 October 1991 Published: 18 December 1991
Characterization of Envelope and Core Structural Gene Products of HTLV-III with Sera from AIDS Patients (1985)

The envelope (env) and structural (gag) gene products of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III were identified by immunoaffinity chromatography, immunoprecipitation, and two-dimensional oligopeptide mapping methods. The env gene specifies a glycosylated polypeptide with a molecular weight of 160,000 (gp160) that is processed to gp120 and smaller gene products. The gag gene specifies two polypeptides of 70,000 and 55,000 molecular weight (p70 and p55), both of which contain p24, the major structural protein of the mature virion. The techniques in this study can be used to define the extent of variability of the env gene product among different virus isolates and may identify the nature and patterns of the humoral immune response that lead to an immunologically protected state.
Light‐Directed Assembly of Nanoparticles (1997)

How can patterned thin films of nanocrystals be self-assembled? This contribution describes a general strategy that combines biochemical and lithographic techniques to restrict the assembly of nanocrystals to parts of a surface previously exposed to UV/Vis irradiation. The scanning electron microscope image on the right shows a pattern of gold nanoparticles assembled on a silicon substrate.
Polystyrene−Polylactide Bottlebrush Block Copolymer at the Air/Water Interface (2009)

Hydrophobic ultrahigh molecular weight bottlebrush block copolymer and linear block copolymer of polystyrene−polylactide (PS−PLA) were shown to be capable of forming Langmuir monolayers and exhibiting unique assembly behaviors at the air/water interface, which cannot be addressed by the classic theory of Langmuir monolayer of amphiphilic copolymers. New models were proposed to illustrate these intriguing surface behaviors. The self-assembled structure of Langmuir monolayer of bottlebrush block copolymer was determined by a combination of AFM measurement, thermal annealing, and enzymatic degradation experiment. To the best of our knowledge, this is among few studies on hydrophobic block copolymers at the air/water interface. As such, it not only complements the well-known models of self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers at the air/water interface but also expands the use of Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) technique to hydrophobic block copolymers.
Autoreactive T Cells Escape Clonal Deletion in the Thymus by a CD24-Dependent Pathway (2008)

Despite negative selection in the thymus, significant numbers of autoreactive T cells still escape to the periphery and cause autoimmune diseases when immune regulation goes awry. It is largely unknown how these T cells escape clonal deletion. In this study, we report that CD24 deficiency caused deletion of autoreactive T cells that normally escape negative selection. Restoration of CD24 expression on T cells alone did not prevent autoreactive T cells from deletion; bone marrow chimera experiments suggest that CD24 on radio-resistant stromal cells is necessary for preventing deletion of autoreactive T cells. CD24 deficiency abrogated the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in transgenic mice with a TCR specific for a pathogenic autoantigen. The role of CD24 in negative selection provides a novel explanation for its control of genetic susceptibility to autoimmune diseases in mice and humans.
<title>Particulate Model For Halftone Noise In Electrophotography II. Experimental Verification</title> (1981)

The various measurements necessary to test the model constructed in Part I of this paper are described. These measurements are used to calculate the model constituents of electro-photographic halftone noise, and hence to predict the overall noise. The predictions are then themselves compared with practical measurements of overall noise, and a close fit is found between theory and experiment. The fundamental role of toner particle size is confirmed.
Downregulation of Mir-31, Mir-155, and Mir-564 in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells (2012)

The miRNAs identified in this study might offer a pivotal role in CML. Nevertheless, while these data point to a central disease, the precise molecular pathway/s targeted by these miRNAs is variable implying a high level of complexity of miRNA target selection and regulation. These deregulated miRNAs highlight new candidate gene targets allowing for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the development of CML, and propose possible new avenues for therapeutic treatment.
Prevention of transfusion-induced graft-versus-host disease in dogs by ultraviolet irradiation (1989)

Ten dogs were given 9.2 Gy of total body irradiation and autologous bone marrow infusion followed by ten daily transfusions of leukocytes for a total of 11.5 to 36.2 (median, 18.8) x 10(8)/kg obtained via leukapheresis from histoincompatible unrelated donors. Four dogs were given unirradiated leukocytes, and all developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In contrast, only two of three dogs given leukocytes irradiated with 20 mJ/cm2 of ultraviolet (UV) light (200 to 300 nm), and none of three dogs given leukocytes irradiated with 1,000 mJ/cm2 developed GVHD. These data indicate that UV irradiation abrogates the alloreactive potential of transfused leukocytes, and suggest that UV irradiation can be used to prevent the development of transfusion- induced GVHD.
Chimpanzees Use More Varied Receptors and Ligands Than Humans for Inhibitory Killer Cell Ig-Like Receptor Recognition of the MHC-C1 and MHC-C2 Epitopes (2009)

Humans and chimpanzees have orthologous MHC class I, but few orthologous killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR). Most divergent are lineage III KIR, which in humans include the inhibitory KIR2DL1 and 2DL2/3 specific for HLA-C. Six lineage III chimpanzee KIR were identified as candidate inhibitory MHC-C receptors and studied using cytolytic assays, to assess the capacity of a defined KIR to function with a defined MHC class I allotype, and direct binding assays with KIR-Fc fusion proteins. Pt-KIR2DL6 and 2DL8 were demonstrated to be inhibitory C1 receptors with a specificity and specificity-determining residue (lysine 44) like KIR2DL3. Analogously, Pt-KIR2DL7 is like KIR2DL1, an inhibitory C2 receptor having methionine 44. Pt-KIR3DL4 and 3DL5 are unusual lineage III KIR with D0 domains, which are also inhibitory C2 receptors with methionine 44. Removal of D0 from KIR3DL, or its addition to KIR2DL, had no effect on KIR function. Pt-KIR2DL9, a fourth inhibitory C2 receptor, has glutamate 44, a previously uncharacterized specificity-determining residue that is absent from human KIR. Reconstruction of the ancestral hominoid KIR sequence shows it encoded lysine 44, indicating that KIR having methionine 44 and glutamate 44 subsequently evolved by independent point substitutions. Thus, MHC-C2-specific KIR have evolved independently on at least two occasions. None of the six chimpanzee KIR studied resembles KIR2DL2, which interacts strongly with C1 and cross-reacts with C2. Whereas human HLA-B allotypes that have functional C1 epitopes are either rare (HLA-B*73) or geographically localized (HLA-B*46), some 25% of Patr-B allotypes have the C1 epitope and are functional KIR ligands.
Bacteria from Ips sexdentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their biocontrol potential (2012)

Ips sexdentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most destructive pests of the spruce trees in Europe. In this study, we have isolated and characterized culturable bacteria from I. sexdentatus and tested their insecticidal activity against the last instar larvae of the pest as a possible biocontrol agent. A total of eight bacterial isolates was determined and four of them were identified at species level, and the others were identified at genus level. Isolates were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Is1), Rahnella sp. (Is2), Pseudomonas sp. (Is3), Bacillus sp. (Is4), Alcaligenes faecalis (Is5), Panteoea agglomerans (Is6), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Is7) and Serratia sp. (Is8) based on their morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. Insecticidal effects of bacterial isolates were performed on the last instar larvae of the pest. The highest insecticidal activity was obtained from P. fluorescens (Is7) with 73% mortality within 10 days after inoculation (p < 0.05). Mortality values of the other isolates ranged from 20 to 53%. This study suggests that Pseudomonas fluorescens (Is7) seems to be a good candidate as a possible biocontrol agent against I. sexdentatus, and provides suitable strains that can be modified to express insecticidal toxins and/or other detrimental substances to develop new control methods for I. sexdentatus.
cDNA clone for the human invariant gamma chain of class II histocompatibility antigens and its implications for the protein structure. (1983)

The invariant gamma chain is transitorily associated with class II histocompatibility antigens during intracellular transport. We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone corresponding to the human gamma chain. mRNA hybridizing to the cDNA clone translated into a 33,000-dalton chain that associated specifically with class II antigen alpha and beta chains. The gamma chain consists of 216 amino acids. The two N-linked carbohydrates are attached to asparagines 114 and 120. A continuous stretch of hydrophobic and neutral amino acids occurs in positions 31-56 from the NH2 terminus. This region seems to constitute the transmembrane portion of the polypeptide chain. The positions of the carbohydrate moieties and the putative transmembrane segment indicate that the NH2 terminus of the gamma chain resides on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. Cell-free translations in conjunction with radiochemical amino acid sequence analyses suggest that the gamma chain lacks an NH2-terminal signal sequence.
Narrow ( n , m )-Distribution of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown Using a Solid Supported Catalyst (2003)

Unusually structure-selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been attained using a CVD method with a solid supported catalyst. In this method, CO feedstock disproportionates on silica-supported catalytic nanoclusters of Co that are formed in situ from mixed salts of Co and Mo. The nanotube products are analyzed by spectrofluorimetry to reveal distributions resolved at the level of individual (n,m) structures. Two structures, (6,5) and (7,5), together dominate the semiconducting nanotube distribution and comprise more than one-half of that population. The average diameter of produced SWNTs is only 0.81 nm, and a strong propensity is found favoring chiral angles near the armchair limit.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus -- Successful Immunoprophylaxis at Last (1993)

Respiratory infections in infants and children, and their complications, are responsible for enormous morbidity throughout the world and, particularly in the developing world, for substantial mortality. Of the numerous known microbial causes, respiratory syncytial virus is by far the most important agent causing lower respiratory tract disease in children in the developed world. It is also highly contagious and is responsible for yearly epidemics in which approximately half of all children under 18 months of age are infected. In this country, approximately 1 to 3 percent of infected infants are hospitalized with pneumonia or bronchiolitis1. And, like many other . . .