gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ROSAT All-Sky Survey Bright Source Catalogue (1999)

We present the ROSAT All-Sky Survey Bright Source Catalogue (RASS-BSC, revision 1RXS) derived from the all-sky survey performed during the first half year (1990/91) of the ROSAT mission. 18,811 sources are catalogued (i) down to a limiting ROSAT PSPC count-rate of 0.05 cts/s in the 0.1-2.4 keV energy band, (ii) with a detection likelihood of at least 15 and (iii) at least 15 source counts. The 18,811 sources underwent both an automatic validation and an interactive visual verification process in which for 94% of the sources the results of the standard processing were confirmed. The remaining 6% have been analyzed using interactive methods and these sources have been flagged. Flags are given for (i) nearby sources; (ii) sources with positional errors; (iii) extended sources; (iv) sources showing complex emission structures; and (v) sources which are missed by the standard analysis software. Broad band (0.1-2.4 keV) images are available for sources flagged by (ii), (iii) and (iv). For each source the ROSAT name, position in equatorial coordinates, positional error, source count-rate and error, background count-rate, exposure time, two hardness-ratios and errors, extent and likelihood of extent, likelihood of detection, and the source extraction radius are provided. At a brightness limit of 0.1 cts/s (8,547 sources) the catalogue represents a sky coverage of 92%. The RASS-BSC, the table of possible identification candidates, and the broad band images are available in electronic form (Voges et al. 1996a) via http://wave.xray.mpe.mpg.de/rosat/catalogues/rass-bsc .
Arsenic Induced Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Altered Mitochondrial Oxidative Function: Implications for Genotoxic Mechanisms in Mammalian Cells (2007)

Arsenic is a well-established human carcinogen that is chronically consumed in drinking water by millions of people worldwide. Recent evidence has suggested that arsenic is a genotoxic carcinogen. Furthermore, we have shown that mitochondria mediate the mutagenic effects of arsenic in mammalian cells, as arsenic did not induce nuclear mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-depleted cells. Using the human-hamster hybrid A(L) cells, we show here that arsenic alters mitochondrial function by decreasing cytochrome c oxidase function and oxygen consumption but increasing citrate synthase function. These alterations correlated with depletion in mtDNA copy number and increase in large heteroplasmic mtDNA deletions. In addition, mtDNA isolated periodically from cultures treated continuously with arsenic did not consistently display the same deletion pattern, indicating that the mitochondrial genome was subjected to repeated and continuous damage. These data support the theory that the mitochondria, and particularly mtDNA, are important targets of the mutagenic effects of arsenic in mammalian cells.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-saxitoxin (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-saxitoxinPeter A. Jacobi, Michael J. Martinelli, and Slovenko PolancCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 19, 5594–5598Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00331a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00331a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1522Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The development of overt diabetes in young Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats and the effects of chronic MCC‐555 treatment (1998)

1. Young (6-week-old) pre-diabetic Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats displaying impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), moderate hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia were treated with the novel thiazolidinedione, MCC-555, for 28 days, during which time beta-cell failure and progression to overt diabetes occurs. 2. Treated ZDF rats exhibited consistently lower blood glucose levels than vehicle-treated diabetic controls, with a delayed rise and lower plateau levels. MCC-555 maintained plasma insulin levels throughout the treatment period, whereas these fell by 40% in untreated ZDF rats. 3. The rise in body weight was maintained in MCC-555-treated rats, whereas vehicle-treated rats exhibited blunted body weight gain after 8 weeks of age. Daily food intake was higher in diabetic, as compared to non-diabetic rats, but treatment did not modify food intake in diabetic rats. Water intake was lower in treated ZDF rats, concomitant with lowering of blood glucose. 4. The hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp technique was applied to all rats after treatment to examine the effects of MCC-555 on insulin sensitivity. The glucose infusion rate to maintain normoglycaemia was lower in diabetic than in non-diabetic rats, demonstrating reduced glucose entry into insulin-sensitive tissues in diabetic rats. Increased glucose infusion rates were required to maintain euglycaemia in treated diabetic rats, demonstrating increased insulin sensitivity in these animals. 5. In conclusion, chronic MCC-555 treatment of young ZDF rats displaying IGT attenuates the development of overt diabetes through improved insulin sensitivity and maintenance of beta-cell function. MCC-555 may thus be beneficial in humans with IGT, to prevent or delay the progression of diabetes.
Developmental and Pathological Changes in the Human Cardiac Muscle Mitochondrial DNA Organization, Replication and Copy Number (2010)

Adult human heart mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has recently been shown to have a complex organization with abundant dimeric molecules, branched structures and four-way junctions. In order to understand the physiological significance of the heart-specific mtDNA maintenance mode and to find conditions that modify human heart mtDNA structure and replication, we analyzed healthy human heart of various ages as well as several different heart diseases, including ischemic heart disease, dilated as well as hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, and several mitochondrial disorders. By using one- and two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis, various enzymatic treatments and quantitative PCR we found that in human newborns heart mtDNA has a simple organization, lacking junctional forms and dimers. The adult-type branched forms are acquired in the early childhood, correlating with an increase in mtDNA copy number. Mitochondrial disorders involving either mutations in the mtDNA polymerase gamma (PolGalpha) or mtDNA helicase Twinkle, while having no obvious cardiac manifestation, show distinct mtDNA maintenance phenotypes, which are not seen in various types of diseased heart or in mitochondrial disorders caused by point mutations or large-scale deletions of mtDNA. The findings suggest a link between cardiac muscle development, mtDNA copy number, replication mode and topological organization. Additionally, we show that Twinkle might have a direct role in the maintenance of four-way junctions in human heart mtDNA.
Effects of signal sequence mutations on the kinetics of alkaline phosphatase export to the periplasm in Escherichia coli (1986)

We isolated a collection of mutants defective in the export of alkaline phosphatase to the periplasm. Two classes of mutants were obtained: one class with lesions unlinked to the phoA gene and a second class harboring linked mutations. Among the former class, one mutant is cold sensitive for growth and may be defective in a component of the Escherichia coli secretory apparatus. Included in the latter class are 47 mutants which are characterized in detail in this report. To facilitate DNA sequence analysis of these mutants, we devised a convenient method that relies on homologous recombination in vivo to transfer phoA mutations from the bacterial chromosome directly onto the genome of a single-stranded M13 phage vector. DNA sequence analysis revealed that our collection of mutants comprises six unique mutations, all of which reside in the phoA signal sequence coding region and lend further support to the notion that the length of the hydrophobic core of the signal sequence is crucial for its function in protein export. Kinetic studies showed that in these mutants, the small fraction of alkaline phosphatase which succeeds in reaching a periplasmic location, despite a defective signal sequence, is translocated across the membrane in a slow, posttranslational fashion.
Prognostic Significance of p34cdc2Cyclin-Dependent Kinase and MIB1 Overexpression, and HER-2/neuGene Amplification Detected by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Breast Cancer (1999)

The HER-2/neu oncogene, localized to chromosome 17q, shares substantial homology with the epidermal growth factor receptor. HER-2/neu gene amplification and protein overexpression have been associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary invasive breast cancer tissues from 135 women were tested for HER-2/neu gene amplification by automated fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a sequence probe. The tumors also were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for proliferation markers Ki 67 (MIB1) and p34cdc2 cyclin-dependent kinase. Patients were followed up for a mean of 61 months. There were 70 node-negative and 65 node-positive cases. Ki 67 and p34cdc2 proliferation marker overexpression, HER-2/neu oncogene amplification, large tumor size, high tumor grade, advanced tumor stage, positive lymph node status, and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis predicted disease-related death in combined node-negative and node-positive breast cancer. HER-2/neu gene amplification, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor grade, and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis independently predicted disease outcome. HER-2/neu amplification detected by FISH also predicted disease-related death independent of lymph node status, tumor grade, and distant metastasis in breast cancer patients who received adjuvant therapy.
A Basic Linear Algebra Compiler (2014)

Many applications in media processing, control, graphics, and other domains require efficient small-scale linear algebra computations. However, most existing high performance libraries for linear algebra, such as ATLAS or Intel MKL are more geared towards large-scale problems (matrix sizes in the hundreds and larger) and towards specific interfaces (e.g., BLAS). In this paper we present LGen: a compiler for small-scale, basic linear algebra computations. The input to LGen is a fixed-size linear algebra expression; the output is a corresponding C function optionally including intrinsics to efficiently use SIMD vector extensions. LGen generates code using two levels of mathematical domain-specific languages (DSLs). The DSLs are used to perform tiling, loop fusion, and vectorization at a high level of abstraction, before the final code is generated. In addition, search is used to select among alternative generated implementations. We show benchmarks of code generated by LGen against Intel MKL and IPP as well as against alternative generators, such as the C++ template-based Eigen and the BTO compiler. The achieved speed-up is typically about a factor of two to three.
Identification of the Sex Pheromone of the Mealybug Dysmicoccus grassii Leonardi (2012)

Studies about the sex pheromone of the mealybug Dysmicoccus grassii , a main pest of Canary Islands banana cultivars, showed strong evidence that (-)-(R)-lavandulyl propionate and acetate in a 6:1 ratio are principal components of it. Volatile collection and GC-MS analysis from aeration of virgin females allowed the structural elucidation of the compounds. The activity and stereochemistry of both substances were established by means of relative attraction of mealybug males to synthetic standards in competitive Petri dish bioassays. (R)-Lavandulyl propionate induced a stronger attractive effect when compared to (R)-lavandulyl acetate. The attractiveness of the mixture of the two compounds at the original source ratio showed no statistically significant difference from that of the sum of each of the single compounds alone, suggesting that both components are not synergistic but additive.
Group refractive index reconstruction with broadband interferometric confocal microscopy (2008)

We propose a novel method of measuring the group refractive index of biological tissues at the micrometer scale. The technique utilizes a broadband confocal microscope embedded into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, with which spectral interferograms are measured as the sample is translated through the focus of the beam. The method does not require phase unwrapping and is insensitive to vibrations in the sample and reference arms. High measurement stability is achieved because a single spectral interferogram contains all the information necessary to compute the optical path delay of the beam transmitted through the sample. Included are a physical framework defining the forward problem, linear solutions to the inverse problem, and simulated images of biologically relevant phantoms.
Some Criteria for a Power Producing Thermonuclear Reactor (1957)

Calculations of the power balance in thermonuclear reactors operating under various idealized conditions are given. Two classes of reactor are considered: first, self-sustaining systems in which the charged reaction products are trapped and, secondly, pulsed systems in which all the reaction products escape so that energy must be supplied continuously during the pulse. It is found that not only must the temperature be sufficiently high, but also the reaction must be sustained long enough for a definite fraction of the fuel to be burnt.
Interactive multimedia on the World Wide Web (2003)

Multimedia on the World Wide Web refers to not only the text-based transfers, but in addition involves audio, and video. When a client makes a request to the server using the conventional HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), the server responds by sending the requested document and terminates the established logical connection between the client and the server. The server does not maintain the status of any earlier logical connections made with the clients. However, for interactive multimedia applications involving audio, video, and messaging, a stateless protocol such as the HTTP is rather insufficient. Other plug in modules, and additional protocols are needed. Very helpful for the interactive multimedia applications is a working knowledge of the CGI (common gateway interface), Java and Java applets along with the event handling, threading and Java script procedures. For the three dimensional images, VRML (virtual reality modeling language) and the associated software modules are very useful. In this article, the authors would present and analyze the above mentioned tools needed to really accomplish interactive multimedia applications on the Web.
A Two-Component covRS Regulatory System Regulates Expression of Fructosyltransferase and a Novel Extracellular Carbohydrate in Streptococcus mutans (2004)

The expression of fructosyltransferase (FTF), the enzyme that synthesizes fructan from sucrose, is regulated in the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. However, the exact mechanism of FTF regulation is unknown. In this study, the role of a two-component regulatory system (covRS) in FTF expression was investigated. A CovR-defective mutant of S. mutans NG8 was constructed by homologous recombination. By use of immunoblotting, the mutant was shown to overexpress FTF in the absence of sucrose, while the wild type and a covRS-complemented mutant showed sucrose-inducible FTF expression. Reverse transcription-PCR showed that the ftf transcript levels were increased in the covR mutant, suggesting regulation at the transcriptional level. The covR mutant was also found to overproduce extracellular carbohydrate, and this phenotype was reversed by covRS complementation. Paper chromatographic studies and chemical tests showed that the extracellular carbohydrate contained glucose and glucuronic acid but not fructose. These results suggest that the extracellular carbohydrate was not fructan. The production of a glucose- and glucuronic acid-containing extracellular carbohydrate has not been reported for S. mutans and may be considered novel. In conclusion, the results indicate that the expression of FTF and a glucose- and glucuronic acid-containing carbohydrate was negatively regulated by the covRS two-component regulatory system in S. mutans.
Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in human colorectal cancer. (1995)

Several studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including indomethacin, aspirin, sulindac, and piroxicam reduce the risk of colon cancer. Furthermore, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme were shown to inhibit the development of colon cancer in animal models of carcinogenesis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the enzymatic activity of both the constitutive (COX-1) and inducible (COX-2) isoforms of COX enzyme. We have investigated the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 polypeptides in human colon cancer tissues using immunohistochemistry. Enhanced COX-2 expression was observed in colon cancer tissues from 15 subjects with clinically diagnosed colorectal cancer. Marked COX-2 expression was observed in cancer cells, inflammatory cells, vascular endothelium, and fibroblasts of the lesional tissues compared with the nonlesional and normal colon tissues. The extent and intensity of the immunoreactive COX-2 in cancer cells was much greater than that of the other cell types. In contrast, the expression of COX-1 polypeptide was weak in both normal and cancerous specimens. These data suggest that the enhanced expression of the COX-2 gene in colon cancer tissues may contribute to the enhanced synthesis of prostaglandin E2 by the colon cancer tissues. Enhanced expression of COX-2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Furthermore, selective inhibition of COX-2 may prove to be more efficacious in the retardation of colon cancer development.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 protease found in seminal plasma. (1992)

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), the major serum carrier protein for the IGFs, is absent from Western ligand blots of seminal plasma, but is detectable by RIA. IGFBP-3 protease activity has recently been described in pregnancy serum. We investigated the possibility that seminal plasma contains an IGFBP-3 protease, by incubating seminal plasma with 125I-labeled human IGFBP-3. Seminal plasma was found to have potent IGFBP-3 protease activity with a cleavage pattern different from that of pregnancy serum. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease found in semen. Autoradiographs measuring IGFBP-3 protease activity demonstrated that purified PSA cleaved IGFBP-3, yielding a cleavage pattern identical to that of seminal plasma. IGFBP-2 and -4 in seminal plasma were not degraded by PSA. Cleavage of IGFBP-3 by PSA resulted in a marked reduction in the binding affinity of the fragments to IGF-I, but not IGF-II. We speculate that PSA may serve to modulate IGF function within the reproductive system or in prostate cancer by altering IGF-IGFBP-3 interactions.
Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Enzyme Immunoassay, Culture, and Three Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (2001)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare three commercially available nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Roche PCR and Becton Dickinson strand displacement amplification (SDA) were performed on 733 endocervical swab specimens from commercial sex workers. Abbott ligase chain reaction (LCR) was performed on a subset of 396 samples. Endocervical specimens from all women were also tested by culture for N. gonorrhoeae and by Syva MicroTrak enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for C. trachomatis. A positive N. gonorrhoeae result was defined as a positive result by culture or by two NAATs, and a positive C. trachomatis result was defined as a positive result by two tests. According to these definitions, the sensitivities and specificities for the subsample of 396 specimens of N. gonorrhoeae culture, PCR, SDA, and LCR were 69.8, 95.2, 88.9, and 88.9% and 100, 99.4, 100, and 99.1%, respectively; the sensitivities and specificities of C. trachomatis EIA, PCR, SDA, and LCR were 42.0, 98.0, 94.0, and 90.0% and 100, 98.0, 100, and 98.6%, respectively. The performance characteristics of N. gonorrhoeae culture, PCR, and SDA and C. trachomatis EIA, PCR, and SDA for all 733 specimens were defined without inclusion of LCR results and by discrepant analysis after resolution of discordant N. gonorrhoeae PCR results and of discordant C. trachomatis EIA and PCR results by LCR testing. The sensitivities of N. gonorrhoeae culture, PCR, and SDA before and after LCR resolution were 67.8, 95.7, and 93.9% and 65, 95.8, and 90.0%, respectively. The sensitivities of C. trachomatis EIA, PCR, and SDA decreased from 39.4, 100, and 100% to 38.7, 98.7, and 94.7%, respectively. All three NAATs proved to be superior to N. gonorrhoeae culture and to C. trachomatis EIA. The accuracies of the different NAATs were quite similar. SDA was the only amplification assay with 100% specificity for detection of both N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis in endocervical specimens.
Non‐axial bone fracture but not depression as a risk factor for coeliac disease (2010)

Screening for coeliac disease is confined to subgroups at greater risk for the disease, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroid disease and family members of affected individuals. This study examined the hypothesis that patients taking antidepressants or presenting with fractures could represent new subgroups at higher risk for coeliac disease. A total of 105 and 199 consecutive patients presenting to hospital taking antidepressants and/or with a fracture was screened with IgA tissue transglutaminase and had their IgA serum levels quantified. Patients with positive serology were offered further diagnostic and management follow up. No patients taking antidepressants had positive serology. Seven with fractures had elevated titres of IgA tissue transglutaminase. All of these patients had presented with non-axial fractures, representing a prevalence of 5.2% (95% confidence interval: 1.4-8.9%). Uptake of further investigation and management was poor. Patients presenting with non-axial fractures may be a subgroup in whom coeliac screening may be indicated. There needs to be greater awareness of atypical presentations of coeliac disease.
A highly efficient procedure for site-specific mutagenesis of full-length plasmids using Vent DNA polymerase. (1995)

Careful titration of Vent polymerase activity allows efficient amplification of full-length plasmids (12 kb). The high processivity and fidelity of this enzyme made oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis of plasmids a straight-forward process. Using only two primers, a mutagenic and a complementary, single-base mutants of recombinant plasmids were obtained consistently with > 90% efficiency from a single round of PCR. This procedure also made site-specific deletion, insertion, and several bases mutagenesis facile and efficient.