gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design galleries (1997)

Article Design galleries: a general approach to setting parameters for computer graphics and animation Share on Authors: J. Marks MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MA MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MAView Profile , B. Andalman Harvard Univ. Harvard Univ.View Profile , P. A. Beardsley MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MA MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MAView Profile , W. Freeman MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MA MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MAView Profile , S. Gibson MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MA MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MAView Profile , J. Hodgins Georgia Tech. Georgia Tech.View Profile , T. Kang CMU CMUView Profile , B. Mirtich MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MA MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MAView Profile , H. Pfister MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MA MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MAView Profile , W. Ruml MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MA MERL - A Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MAView Profile , K. Ryall Harvard Univ. Harvard Univ.View Profile , J. Seims Univ. of Washington Univ. of WashingtonView Profile , S. Shieber Harvard Univ. Harvard Univ.View Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '97: Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniquesAugust 1997 Pages 389–400https://doi.org/10.1145/258734.258887Online:03 August 1997Publication History 346citation2,992DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations346Total Downloads2,992Last 12 Months156Last 6 weeks16 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Correlation and Prediction of the Refractive Indices of Polymers by QSPR (1998)

A general QSPR model (R2 = 0.940, s = 0.018) was developed for the prediction of the refractive index for a diverse set of amorphous homopolymers with the CODESSA program. The five descriptors, involved in the model, are calculated from the structure of the repeating unit of the polymer. The average prediction error by this model is 0.9%.
Causal Inference from Statistical Data (2008)

The so-called kernel-based tests of independence are developed for automatic causal discovery between random variables from purely observational statistical data, i.e., without intervention. Beyond the independence relations, the complexity of conditional distriubtions is used as an additional inference principle of determining the causal ordering between variables. Experiments with simulated and real-world data show that the proposed methods surpass the state-of-the-art approaches.
Structure-activity Relationship of Chemical Penetration Enhan-cers in Transdermal Drug Delivery (2000)

Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is the administration of therapeutic agents through intact skin for systemic effect. TDD offers several advantages over the conventional dosage forms such as tablets, capsules and injections. Currently there are about eight drugs marketed as transdermal patches. Examples of such products include nitroglycerin (angina pectoris), clonidine (hypertension), scopolamine (motion sickness), nicotine (smoking cessation), fentanil (pain) and estradiol (estrogen deficiency). Since skin is an excellent barrier for drug transport, only potent drugs with appropriate physicochemical properties (low molecular weight, adequate solubility in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents, etc) are suitable candidates for transdermal delivery. Penetration enhancement technology is a challenging development that would increase significantly the number of drugs available for transdermal administration. The permeation of drugs through skin can be enhanced by physical methods such as iontophoresis (application of low level electric current) and phonophoresis (use of ultra sound energy) and by chemical penetration enhancers (CPE). In this review, we have discussed about the CPE which have been investigated for TDD. CPE are compounds that enhance the permeation of drugs across the skin. The CPE increase skin permeability by reversibly altering the physicochemical nature of the stratum corneum, the outer most layer of skin, to reduce its diffusional resistance. These compounds increase skin permeability also by increasing the partition coefficient of the drug into the skin and by increasing the thermodynamic activity of the drug in the vehicle. This review compiles the various CPE used for the enhancement of TDD, the mechanism of action of different chemical enhancers and the structure-activity relationship of selected and extensively studied enhancers such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols and terpenes. Based on the chemical structure of penetration enhancers (such as chain length, polarity, level of unsaturation and presence of some special groups such as ketones), the interaction between the stratum corneum and penetration enhancers may vary which will result in significant differences in penetration enhancement. Our review also discusses the various factors to be considered in the selection of an appropriate penetration enhancer for the development of transdermal delivery systems.
La música y los jóvenes de los sectores populares: más allá de las "tribus" (2008)

"En este trabajo nos interesa desarrollar dos percepciones relativas al gusto musical de losjóvenes en la Argentina: por un lado que existe un más allá de las comunidadesinterpretativas fijas y homogéneas que no sólo revela más riqueza sino, también, otras basespara la relación con lo que comúnmente llamamos géneros (de acuerdo a la definición quede ellos proponen los músicos, los agentes del mercado musical y muchos analistas). Eneste punto se revela la eficacia de los nuevos modos de acceso a y reproducción de músicaen la individualización creciente del menú musical. Por otro lado, nosotros mismos tambiéncomenzamos a observar más allá de cada género a través de ellos y a descubrir otrasregularidades en cuanto a temas, sujetos y actividades que implica cada géneromusical. En este punto se trata de subrayar temas comunes a través de los cuales losjóvenes constituyen sus identidades en una época de cambios estructurales de la sociedadargentina tales como: la decreciente legitimidad del trabajo, el cambio de regulaciones en laesfera de la sexualidad, etc."
NMR study of a membrane protein in detergent-free aqueous solution (2005)

One of the major obstacles to membrane protein (MP) structural studies is the destabilizing effect of detergents. Amphipols (APols) are short amphipathic polymers that can substitute for detergents to keep MPs water-soluble under mild conditions. In the present work, we have explored the feasibility of studying the structure of APol-complexed MPs by NMR. As a test MP, we chose the 171-residue transmembrane domain of outer MP A from Escherichia coli (tOmpA), whose x-ray and NMR structures in detergent are known. 2H,15N-labeled tOmpA was produced as inclusion bodies, refolded in detergent solution, trapped with APol A8-35, and the detergent removed by adsorption onto polystyrene beads. The resolution of transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy-heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectra of tOmpA/A8-35 complexes was found to be close to that of the best spectra obtained in detergent solutions. The dispersion of chemical shifts indicated that the protein had regained its native fold and retained it during the exchange of surfactants. MP-APol interactions were mapped by substituting hydrogenated for deuterated A8-35. The resulting dipolar broadening of amide proton linewidths was found to be limited to the beta-barrel region of tOmpA, indicating that A8-35 binds specifically to the hydrophobic transmembrane surface of the protein. The potential of this approach to MP studies by solution NMR is discussed.
A New High-Temperature Superconductor: Bi 2 Sr 3-x Ca x Cu 2 O 8+y (1988)

A new superconductor that displays onset behavior near 120 K has been identified as Bi(2)Sr(3-x)Ca(x)Cu(2)O(8+y), with x ranging from about 0.4 to 0.9. Single crystal x-ray diffraction data were used to determine a pseudo-tetragonal structure based on an A-centered orthorhombic subcell with a = 5.399 A, b= 5.414A, and c = 30.904 A. The structure contains copper-oxygen sheets as in La(2)CuO(4) and YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7), but the copper-oxygen chains present in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) do not occur in Bi(2)Sr(3-x)Ca(x)Cu(2)O(8+y). The structure is made up of alternating double copper-oxygen sheets and double bismuth-oxygen sheets. There are Ca(2+) and Sr(2+) cations between the adjacent Cu-O sheets; Sr(2+) cations are also found between the Cu-O and Bi-O sheets. Electron microscopy studies show an incommensurate superstructure along the a axis that can be approximated by an increase of a factor of 5 over the subcell dimension. This superstructure is also observed by x-ray diffraction on single crystals, but twinning can make it appear that the superstructure is along both a and b axes. Flux exclusion begins in our samples at about 116 K and is very strong by 95 K. Electrical measurements on a single crystal of Bi(2)Sr(3-x)Ca(x)Cu(2)O(8+y) show a resistivity drop at about 116 K and apparent zero resistivity at 91 K.
Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Signaling Is Required for Erythropoietin-Mediated Acute Protection Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2004)

rhEPO provides immediate protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated perfused rat heart that is mediated by the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway.
Pyk2 is differentially regulated by β 1 integrin- and CD28-mediated co-stimulation in human CD4+ T lymphocytes (1998)

β1 integrins can provide T cell co-stimulation, but little is known concerning their downstream signaling pathways. We found that Pyk2, a focal adhesion kinase-related tyrosine kinase, is regulated by β1 integrin signaling in human T cells. Stimulation of Jurkat T cells with the α4β1 integrin ligand VCAM-1 results in Pyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation, and combined stimulation with VCAM-1 and anti-CD3 mAb induces rapid and sustained synergistic Pyk2 phosphorylation. Studies with mAb suggest that in synergistic CD3- and α4β1 integrin-mediated Pyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation, a major contribution of CD3-derived signals is independent of their effects on regulating integrin adhesion. Analysis of resting human CD4+ T cells confirmed the ability of CD3-derived signals to synergize with β1 integrin-dependent signals in the induction of Pyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, although CD28-mediated co-stimulatory signals were able to synergize with CD3-mediated signals in inducing ERK and JNK activation and secretion of IL-2 in the primary T cells, they did not contribute to the induction of Pyk2 phosphorylation. Taken together, these results indicate a potential role for Pyk2 in T cell costimulation mediated specifically by β1 integrins.
Psychostimulant drugs and a dopamine hypothesis regarding addiction: update on recent research. (1993)

Evidence that psychostimulant drugs interact principally with monoamines, and in particular with the mesolimbic pathway that utilizes dopamine as the neurotransmitter, has prompted the dopamine hypothesis of psychostimulant addiction. This hypothesis proposes that enhancement of dopamine neurotransmission in the mesolimbic pathway is fundamental to the reinforcing properties of many drugs of abuse. Cocaine, the best characterized psychostimulant, is seen to fulfil this hypothesis by blocking dopamine transporters, thereby preventing re-uptake of the neurotransmitter and enhancing its synaptic concentration (Fig. 1). This biochemical mechanism is supported by behavioural data. For example, concordance between binding to the transporter and changes in locomotor activity has been demonstrated for a large series of cocaine analogues. The dopamine hypothesis suggests possible pharmacotherapeutic strategies to combat psychostimulant use, and these approaches, including available human data and future directions of pharmacological treatments are discussed in this paper. The limitations of the dopamine hypothesis with respect to psychostimulant dependence and abuse liability are also summarized, to provide a broad perspective of the current status of this hypothesis.
A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing (2010)

To understand the impact of gut microbes on human health and well-being it is crucial to assess their genetic potential. Here we describe the Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing, assembly and characterization of 3.3 million non-redundant microbial genes, derived from 576.7 gigabases of sequence, from faecal samples of 124 European individuals. The gene set, approximately 150 times larger than the human gene complement, contains an overwhelming majority of the prevalent (more frequent) microbial genes of the cohort and probably includes a large proportion of the prevalent human intestinal microbial genes. The genes are largely shared among individuals of the cohort. Over 99% of the genes are bacterial, indicating that the entire cohort harbours between 1,000 and 1,150 prevalent bacterial species and each individual at least 160 such species, which are also largely shared. We define and describe the minimal gut metagenome and the minimal gut bacterial genome in terms of functions present in all individuals and most bacteria, respectively.
Organization, Expression and Evolution of a Disease Resistance Gene Cluster in Soybean (2002)

PCR amplification was previously used to identify a cluster of resistance gene analogues (RGAs) on soybean linkage group J. Resistance to powdery mildew (Rmd-c), Phytophthora stem and root rot (Rps2), and an ineffective nodulation gene (Rj2) map within this cluster. BAC fingerprinting and RGA-specific primers were used to develop a contig of BAC clones spanning this region in cultivar "Williams 82" [rps2, Rmd (adult onset), rj2]. Two cDNAs with homology to the TIR/NBD/LRR family of R-genes have also been mapped to opposite ends of a BAC in the contig Gm_Isb001_091F11 (BAC 91F11). Sequence analyses of BAC 91F11 identified 16 different resistance-like gene (RLG) sequences with homology to the TIR/NBD/LRR family of disease resistance genes. Four of these RLGs represent two potentially novel classes of disease resistance genes: TIR/NBD domains fused inframe to a putative defense-related protein (NtPRp27-like) and TIR domains fused inframe to soybean calmodulin Ca(2+)-binding domains. RT-PCR analyses using gene-specific primers allowed us to monitor the expression of individual genes in different tissues and developmental stages. Three genes appeared to be constitutively expressed, while three were differentially expressed. Analyses of the R-genes within this BAC suggest that R-gene evolution in soybean is a complex and dynamic process.
Highly Water-Soluble Prodrugs of Anthelmintic Benzimidazole Carbamates: Synthesis, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics (2008)

Highly water-soluble prodrugs 1a- g of anthelmintic benzimidazole carbamates 2a- g were synthesized. These prodrugs combine high aqueous solubility and stability with high lability in the presence of alkaline phosphatases. The veterinary utility of 1a was shown by a pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study performed in swine. Comparable anthelmintic efficacy was observed with prodrug 1a or the parent fenbendazole 2a. The pharmacokinetic results showed that 2a is better absorbed when derived from 1a than when applied as such.
Hybrid analog-digital backscatter: A new approach for battery-free sensing (2013)

After comparing the properties of analog backscatter and digital backscatter, we propose that a combination of the two can provide a solution for high data rate battery free wireless sensing that is superior to either approach on its own. We present a hybrid analog-digital backscatter platform that uses digital backscatter for addressability and control but switches into analog backscatter mode for high data rate transmission of sensor data. Using hybrid backscatter, we report the first digitally addressable real-time battery free wireless microphone. We develop the hybrid backscatter platform by integrating an electret microphone and RF switch with a digital RFID platform (WISP). The hybrid WISP operates by default in digital mode, transmitting and receiving digital data using the EPC Gen 2 RFID protocol but switching into analog mode to backscatter audio sensor data when activated by Gen 2 READ command. The data is recovered using a USRP-based Software Defined RFID reader. We report an operating range of 7.4 meters for the analog backscatter microphone and 2.7 meters for hybrid microphone with 26.7 dBm output power USRP-based RFID reader.
Percutaneous establishment of tricuspid regurgitation: an experimental model for transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement. (2010)

The creation of an animal model of tricuspid regurgitation via a percutaneous approach using forceps to sever one or more tricuspid leaflets is feasible and will allow investigation of devices designed replace the tricuspid valve via a percutaneous approach. Despite significant tricuspid regurgitation, the hemodynamics did not change during the follow-up period in this model.
Analysis and design of a generalized class E tuned power amplifier (1989)

The authors describe the analysis of a more general class E amplifier configuration that can yield results for most of the other class E amplifier configurations published thus far by simply imposing the proper design conditions. The analysis takes into account most of the important parameters that affect the amplifier performance, such as the DC-feed inductance, the Q/sub L/ factor of the series-tuned circuit and the switching device ON resistance. Design and performance curves are given and discussed for the finite DC-feed inductance, shunt-capacitor, series-tuned configuration. It is seen that the amplifier performance is strongly affected by all of these parameters. Laboratory results show an excellent agreement between experimental values and theoretical predictions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Vascular permeability in experimental diabetes is associated with reduced endothelial occludin content: vascular endothelial growth factor decreases occludin in retinal endothelial cells. Penn State Retina Research Group. (1998)

Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown is a hallmark of diabetic retinopathy, but the molecular changes that cause this pathology are unclear. Occludin is a transmembrane component of interendothelial tight junctions that may regulate permeability at the BRB. In this study, we examined the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and diabetes on vascular occludin content and barrier function. Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic by intravenous streptozotocin injection, and age-matched animals served as controls. After 3 months, BRB permeability was quantified by intravenous injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA), Mr 66 kDa, and 10-kDa rhodamine-dextran (R-D), followed by digital image analysis of retinal sections. Retinal fluorescence intensity for FITC-BSA increased 62% (P < or = 0.05), but R-D fluorescence did not change significantly. Occludin localization at interendothelial junctions was confirmed by immunofluorescence, and relative protein content was determined by immunoblotting of retinal homogenates. Retinal occludin content decreased approximately 35% (P < or = 0.03) in the diabetic versus the control animals, whereas the glucose transporter GLUT1 content was unchanged in rat retinas. Additionally, treatment of bovine retinal endothelial cells in culture with 0.12 nmol/l or 12 nmol/l VEGF for 6 h reduced occludin content 46 and 54%, respectively. These data show that diabetes selectively reduces retinal occludin protein expression and increases BRB permeability. Our findings suggest that the elevated VEGF in the vitreous of patients with diabetic retinopathy increases vascular permeability by downregulating occludin content. Decreased tight junction protein expression may be an important means by which diabetes causes increased vascular permeability and contributes to macular edema.
Selective androgen receptor modulators in preclinical and clinical development (2008)

Androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the function of several organs including primary and accessory sexual organs, skeletal muscle, and bone, making it a desirable therapeutic target. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) bind to the AR and demonstrate osteo- and myo-anabolic activity; however, unlike testosterone and other anabolic steroids, these nonsteroidal agents produce less of a growth effect on prostate and other secondary sexual organs. SARMs provide therapeutic opportunities in a variety of diseases, including muscle wasting associated with burns, cancer, or end-stage renal disease, osteoporosis, frailty, and hypogonadism. This review summarizes the current standing of research and development of SARMs, crystallography of AR with SARMs, plausible mechanisms for their action and the potential therapeutic indications for this emerging class of drugs.
Formation of the COOH‐terminal amide group of thyrotropin‐releasing‐factor (1983)

The precursors of peptide hormones that possess a COOH-terminal alpha-amide group contain a glycine residue following the amino acid which is amidated in the hormone. Less than Glu-His-Pro-Gly was synthesized as a putative precursor of thyroliberin. Bovine pituitary neurosecretory granules were shown to contain an amide group-forming activity associated with an Mr of about 62 000 protein(s) which converts the tetrapeptide to thyroliberin.
Biofilm formation on peritoneal catheters does not require the presence of infection. (1992)

The presence of biofilm is thought to accompany infection or colonization of chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters, and to be an important pathogenetic factor in the recurrence or persistence of peritonitis. In the current study, the characteristics of identifiable biofilm associated with the PD catheter were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy in six consecutive cases requiring catheter removal for a variety of indications. Biofilm characteristics in each case were rated in blinded fashion by three independent observers, and findings were then correlated with the clinical histories and microbiologic findings. Surprisingly, two of the three cases with the most severe biofilm formation occurred in patients with no history or microbiologic findings of recent infection, and the positive findings of leukocytes, macrophages, fibrillar matrix, and other structures on these catheters did not correlate with detectable infection. In addition, extracellular spherical lipoid structures and intracellular lipoid vacuoles in mesothelial-like cells were prominent in four of six cases, did not correspond to the presence of infection, and suggested possible mesothelialization of the catheter. The findings of this study do not necessarily controvert the microbial origin of some components of the biofilm, or the possible role of biofilm in some cases of persisting peritoneal infection. However, it is clear that many important components of the biofilm arise, not from microorganisms, but rather from host origin in the absence of detectable infection. Moreover, such "endogenous" biofilm production can result in extensive accumulation of catheter-associated matrix.