gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autologous bone marrow stem cells to treat acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review (2008)

Stem cell treatment for AMI still holds promise. Clinically, these data suggest that improvement over conventional therapy can be achieved. Further, adequately powered trials using optimal dosing, longer term outcome assessments, more reliable, and more patient-centred outcomes are required.
Self-diffusion in a periodic porous medium: A comparison of different approaches (1995)

We compare two different approaches for computing the propagator for a particle diffusing in a fluid filled porous medium, where the pore space has a periodic structure and some absorption of the particle can occur at the pore-matrix interface. One of these approaches is based on computer simulations of a random walker in this structure, while the other is based on an explicit calculation of the diffusion eigenstates using a Fourier series expansion of the diffusion equation. Both methods are applied to the same nondilute model systems in order to calculate the wave-vector and time-dependent nuclear magnetization measured in pulsed-field-gradient--spin-echo experiments. When the physical parameters are confined to the range of values found in most systems of interest, good quantitative agreement is found between the two methods. However, as the interfacial relaxation strength, the time, or the wave vector becomes large, calculations based on eigenstate expansion are more stable and less subject to the sampling problems inherent in random walk simulations. In the absence of surface relaxation, our calculations are also used to test the results predicted by a recently proposed ansatz for the behavior of the diffusion propagator. Finally, a problem is identified and discussed regarding the relation between random walk and continuum diffusion treatments of interface absorption.
MEDI3617, a human anti-Angiopoietin 2 monoclonal antibody, inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in human tumor xenograft models (2012)

Angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) is an important regulator of angiogenesis, blood vessel maturation and integrity of the vascular endothelium. The correlation between the dynamic expression of Ang2 in tumors with regions of high angiogenic activity and a poor prognosis in many tumor types makes Ang2 an ideal drug target. We have generated MEDI3617, a human anti-Ang2 monoclonal antibody that neutralizes Ang2 by preventing its binding to the Tie2 receptor in vitro, and inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. Treatment of mice with MEDI3617 resulted in inhibition of angiogenesis in several mouse models including: FGF2-induced angiogenesis in a basement extract plug model, tumor and retinal angiogenesis. In xenograft tumor models, treatment with MEDI3617 resulted in a reduction in tumor angiogenesis and an increase in tumor hypoxia. The administration of MEDI3617 as a single agent to mice bearing human tumor xenografts resulted in tumor growth inhibition against a broad spectrum of tumor types. Combining MEDI3617 with chemotherapy or bevacizumab resulted in a delay in tumor growth and no body weight loss was observed in the combination groups. These results, combined with pharmacodynamic studies, demonstrate that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with MEDI3617 significantly inhibited tumor growth as a single agent by blocking tumor angiogenesis. Together, these data show that MEDI3617 is a robust antiangiogenic agent and support the clinical evaluation and biomarker development of MEDI3617 in cancer patients.
IFN Regulatory Factor-1 Regulates IFN-γ-Dependent Cathepsin S Expression (2002)

Cathepsin S is a cysteine protease with potent endoproteolytic activity and a broad pH profile. Cathepsin S activity is essential for complete processing of the MHC class II-associated invariant chain within B cells and dendritic cells, and may also be important in extracellular matrix degradation in atherosclerosis and emphysema. Unique among cysteine proteases, cathepsin S activity is up-regulated by IFN-gamma. Given its importance, we sought to elucidate the pathway by which IFN-gamma increases cathepsin S expression. Our data demonstrate that the cathepsin S promoter contains an IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) that is critical for IFN-gamma-induced gene transcription in a cell line derived from type II alveolar epithelial (A549) cells. IFN response factor (IRF)-2 derived from A549 nuclear extracts associates with the ISRE oligonucleotide in gel shift assays, but is quickly replaced by IRF-1 following stimulation with IFN-gamma. The time course of IRF-1/ISRE complex formation correlates with increased levels of IRF-1 protein and cathepsin S mRNA. Overexpression of IRF-1, but not IRF-2, markedly augments cathepsin S promoter activity in A549 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of IRF-1 increases endogenous cathepsin S mRNA levels in 293T epithelial cells. Finally, freshly isolated bone marrow cells from IRF-1(-/-) mice fail to up-regulate cathepsin S activity in response to IFN-gamma. Thus, IRF-1 is the critical transcriptional mediator of IFN-gamma-dependent cathepsin S activation. These data elucidate a new pathway by which IRF-1 may affect MHC class II processing and presentation.
Mechanistic Study of the Pd/TOMPP-Catalyzed Telomerization of 1,3-Butadiene: Influence of Aromatic Solvents on Bis-Phosphine Complex Formation and Regioselectivity (2013)

A study of the influence of reaction conditions on the Pd/TOMPP-catalyzed (TOMPP = tris(2-methoxyphenyl)phosphine) telomerization of 1,3-butadiene with phenols revealed that the composition of the reaction medium strongly influences the regioselectivity of the telomer products. Mechanistic studies show this effect to be related to the stability of the key catalytic intermediate cis-[Pd((1–3η)-octa-2,7-dien-1-yl)(TOMPP)2]+ (E), which mainly depends on the solvent composition. The crotyl analogue cis-[Pd((1–3η)-but-2-en-1-yl)(TOMPP)2]BF4 (4) was synthesized as a model for E and was fully characterized, including by an X-ray crystal structure determination. Comparison of the crystal structures of 4 and [Pd((1–3,7,8η)-octa-2(E),7-dien-1-yl)(TOMPP)]BF4 (1), an analogue of intermediate C, shows that the difference in regioselectivity for nucleophilic attack of these complexes is not reflected in the structure of the allyl moiety. Furthermore, Pd/TOMPP-catalyzed n/iso equilibration reactions of telomers show that all product formation routes in the Pd-catalyzed telomerization mechanism are reversible. Telomer product equilibration studies resulted in complete conversion to 1,3,7-octatriene, with the selectivity changing over time in favor of formation of the Z isomer of octatriene.
Synthesis of gossypol and gossypol derivatives (1970)

Abstract The synthesis of gossypol and certain major degradation products possessing the binaphthyl ring carbon skeleton is discussed.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection of Unstimulated Human T-Lymphocytes (1989)

Unstimulated human leukemia T-cell lines (MOLT-4, MT-4) were tested for their susceptibility to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection. Permissive infection of MT-4 cells was demonstrated by growth curve and infectious center assays. In growth curve experiments new progeny virus replication was detected by 24 hrs and maximum titers of HSV-2 replication were measured by 72 hrs after infection of MT-4 cells, whereas, MOLT-4 cells did not produce detectable infectious HSV-2 in growth curve experiments. It may be that a T-cell subset is involved with infectious HSV-2 production, since 5.7% of MT-4 cells were scored as infectious centers after HSV-2 infection compared to only 0.06% of MOLT-4 cells. Furthermore, HSV-2 infected MT-4 (45% of cells) and MOLT-4 cells (30% of cells) expressed viral induced antigen(s) detected by immunofluorescence assays. These data provide the first evidence of infectious HSV-2 replication in T-cells not prestimulated in vitro with mitogens, pharmacologic agents or growth factors. The establishment of T-cell systems that permit rapid and efficient replication of HSV-2 could greatly facilitate studies on interactions between human herpesviruses and AIDS retroviruses since recent published evidence indicates possible synergistic interactions between these virus groups.
Malignant Neoplasms of Genetic Origin in Drosophila melanogaster (1978)

Malignant neoplasms that develop in 12 recessive-lethal, larval mutants of Drosophila melanogaster are discussed. These mutations affect the adult optic neuroblasts and ganglion-mother cells in the larval brain, the imaginal discs, and the hematopoietic organs. The malignant neoplasms exhibit fast, autonomous growth, loss of the capacity for differentiation, increased mobility and invasiveness, lethality in situ and after transplantation, and histological, fine structural, and karyotypic abnormalities. Intermediate neoplasms are also found. These combine both benign and malignant qualities. They grow in a noninvasive, compact fashion, typical of benign tumors, yet they also exhibit malignant qualities such as fast, autonomous, and lethal growth, loss of differentiation capacity, changes in cellular morphology, and lethal growth after transplantation into wild-type hosts. Thus Drosophila and vertebrate neoplasms show striking similarities.
High surface area carbon nanotube-supported titanium carbonitride aerogels (2009)

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of a high surface area titanium carbonitride aerogel are presented. The aerogels were made by the carbothermal reduction of a titania-coated carbon nanotube-based foam under flowing nitrogen at 1400 °C. The resulting monoliths consisted of titanium carbonitride (TiC1−xNx, x = 0.95) nanocrystals supported by the nanotubes and exhibited surface areas in excess of 250 m2/g.
Efficient Macrocyclization of U-Turn Preorganized Peptidomimetics:  The Role of Intramolecular H-Bond and Solvophobic Effects (2003)

Simple peptidomimetic molecules derived from amino acids were reacted with meta- and para-bis(bromomethyl)benzene in acetonitrile to very efficiently yield macrocyclic structures. The cyclization reaction does not require high dilution techniques and seems to be insensitive to the size of the formed macrocycle. The analysis of data obtained by (1)H NMR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, fluorescence measurements, and molecular mechanics indicate that folded conformations can preorganize the system for an efficient cyclization. The role played by intramolecular hydrogen-bonding and solvophobic effects in the presence of folded conformations is analyzed.
Measurement of Processing and Queuing Delays Introduced by an Open-Source Router in a Single-Hop Network (2006)

Measurement of the main contributions to the single-hop delay introduced by an open-source router is dealt with. A new method is proposed, which is capable of distinguishing the time interval during which a generic packet stays in either input or output queue (queuing delay) of the router under analysis and the time interval characterizing the effective routing process (processing delay) the packet undergoes. Thanks to proper measurement probes, i.e., kernel-layer functions, the method makes the occurring time of events of interest available at the application layer, thus giving the possibility of separately evaluating the aforementioned delays and, ultimately, pursuing a deeper insight of the considered router. After brief remarks concerning various delays a packet experiences when passing through a generic router, the measurement principle underlying the method is presented in detail. Particular emphasis is put on its capability of locally monitoring the transit of each packet from the input to the output port of an open-source router along with main features and implementation issues of the proposed measurement probes. Results obtained in many experiments carried out on a suitable test bed in different operating conditions are then given in order to highlight the method's reliability and effectiveness.
The expression and effects the CABYR-c transcript of CABYR gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (2012)

CABYR-c is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and may play an oncogenic role in heptocarcinogenesis as well as its progression.
Human Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Fragment (1997)

The low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor plays a key role in cholesterol homeostasis, mediating cellular uptake of lipoprotein particles by high affinity binding to its ligands, apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 and apoE. The ligand-binding domain of the LDL receptor contains 7 cysteine-rich repeats of approximately 40 amino acids; each repeat contains 6 cysteines, which form 3 intra-repeat disulfide bonds. As a first step toward determining the structure of the LDL receptor, both free and bound to its ligands, we produced in Escherichia coli a soluble fragment containing the ligand-binding domain (residues 1-292) as a thrombin-cleavable, heat-stable thioredoxin fusion. Modest amounts (5 mg/liter) of partially purified but inactive fragment were obtained after cell lysis, heat treatment, thrombin cleavage, and gel filtration under denaturing conditions. We were able to refold the receptor fragment to an active conformation with approximately 10% efficiency. The active fragment was isolated and purified with an LDL affinity column. The refolded receptor fragment was homogeneous, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate or non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The purified fragment did not react with fluorescein-5-maleimide, indicating that all 42 cysteines were disulfide linked. In addition, the refolded fragment exhibited properties identical to those of the intact native receptor: Ca2+-dependent binding and isoform-dependent apoE binding (apoE2 binding <5% of apoE3). Furthermore, antibodies to the fragment recognized native receptors and inhibited the binding of 125I-LDL to fibroblast LDL receptors. We conclude that we have produced a properly folded and fully active receptor fragment that can be used for further structural studies.
Protection of retroviral DNA from autointegration: involvement of a cellular factor. (1994)

An essential step in the retrovirus life cycle is integration of a DNA copy of the viral genome into a host chromosome. After reverse transcription, there can be a delay of many hours before the viral DNA is integrated. It is important for the retrovirus to ensure that the viral DNA does not integrate into itself during this period; such autointegration is a suicidal process that would result in destruction of the viral genome. Understanding of the mechanism that blocks autointegration of the viral DNA may lead to insights into how to inhibit viral replication by inducing the viral DNA to autointegrate. Evidence is presented in this report that viral nucleoprotein complexes isolated from cells infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus exhibit a barrier to autointegration. The barrier can be disrupted by high salt treatment and, subsequently, restored by addition of factors provided by a host cell extract. Our data indicate an involvement of host machinery in protecting retroviral DNA from autointegration.
Identification and partial characterization of TGF-beta 1 receptors on trabecular cells. (1992)

By using two specific receptor assays, we identified and partially characterized receptors for transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on porcine trabecular cells in vitro. Cultured trabecular cells were incubated with labeled TGF-beta 1 and analyzed by flow cytometry. Pretreatment with trypsin or preincubation with cold TGF-beta 1 or a neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta 1 inhibited the binding of labeled TGF-beta 1. 125I-TGF-beta 1 was cross-linked covalently to cell surface receptors on the trabecular cells. By SDS-PAGE and autoradiography, we identified three labeled macromolecular species of receptors, two of which had apparent molecular weights greater than 212 kDa and one of which had an apparent molecular weight of approximately 80-90 kDa under reducing conditions. The low and high molecular weight species probably represent type II and type III TGF-beta 1 receptors, respectively. At concentrations of 0.5 and 1 ng/ml, activated TGF-beta 1 caused retraction and a marked decrease in the rate of proliferation and in the motility of trabecular cells in vitro. Our findings implicate TGF-beta 1 in the modulation of the functional homeostasis of trabecular cells and suggest that the aqueous humor contains a level of TGF-beta 1 which, once activated, is sufficient to exert a biologic effect on the trabecular meshwork.
Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in pediatric sickle cell disease patients (2007)

Abstract Although cardiac involvement is common in adult sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, it is unknown when cardiac dysfunction appears in the course of SCD. Diastolic function has not been comprehensively analyzed in children with SCD. Thus, our aim was to evaluate diastolic function in pediatric SCD patients. Echocardiograms were performed in 156 (73 SC and 81 control) patients. Left ventricular and left atrial volumes, left ventricular mass, mitral inflow, and tissue Doppler indices (TDI) were obtained. The right ventricular pressures (RVP) were calculated. For each SCD patient, mean hemoglobin (Hb), fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels, and blood transfusion encounters were recorded. Data were analyzed using t ‐test, univariate and multivariate regression, and Spearman correlation analyses. SCD patients had significantly larger left ventricular and atrial volumes than controls. Mitral inflow velocities were significantly higher in the SCD group. Of 73 SCD subjects, 32 had left ventricular dilatation, 11 had hypertrophy, and 25 had elevated RVP. Left ventricular size was inversely related to Hb, but unrelated to HbF or age. The early mitral inflow velocity was correlated negatively with Hb and positively with left ventricular sizes. TDI indices did not differ between the SCD and control groups. They were unrelated to Hg, HgF, transfusion history, or ventricular size; however, Doppler indices of left ventricular stiffness were increased in SCD patients. Pediatric SCD patients demonstrate increased left ventricular stiffness, and a significant percentage of them have left ventricular hypertrophy. There are strong positive relations between left ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular pressure in these patients. TDI should be employed in the evaluation of SCD patients. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Space-time editing of elastic motion through material optimization and reduction (2014)

We present a novel method for elastic animation editing with space-time constraints. In a sharp departure from previous approaches, we not only optimize control forces added to a linearized dynamic model, but also optimize material properties to better match user constraints and provide plausible and consistent motion. Our approach achieves efficiency and scalability by performing all computations in a reduced rotation-strain (RS) space constructed with both cubature and geometric reduction, leading to two orders of magnitude improvement over the original RS method. We demonstrate the utility and versatility of our method in various applications, including motion editing, pose interpolation, and estimation of material parameters from existing animation sequences.
Recent Advances in Metal-Mediated Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation Reactions: Aziridination and Amidation (2005)

This review describes recent progress in the development of homogeneous, metal-mediated, catalytic pathways to synthetically valuable aziridines and sulfonamides. Areas of investigation described within this review include: (a) catalytic copper, iron, and silver-mediated nitrene transfer from the iminoiodinanes to olefins, (b) development of alternative nitrene sources for olefin aziridination, including N-halo-p-toluene sulfonamides, iminoiodinanes featuring labile N-protecting groups, and sulfonylazides, (c) use of single-pot aziridination protocols for the in situ generation of iminoiodinanes, and (d) metal-mediated carbene transfer to imines.
Improved coil design for functional magnetic stimulation of expiratory muscles (2001)

Our studies have demonstrated effective stimulation of the expiratory muscles in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) using functional magnetic stimulation (FMS). The observed contraction of the expiratory muscles and functional improvement of the pulmonary functions make functional magnetic stimulation an appropriate tool for expiratory muscle training. To fully capitalize on the benefits of FMS for expiratory muscle training, this study aimed to optimize the magnetic coils (MCs). The primary goal of this study was to investigate how two parameters of the MC size and winding structure, would affect expiratory muscle training. By varying these parameters, our approach was to conceptualize and evaluate the induced electric field and nerve activation function distributions of six coils, round 9.2, 13.7, and 20 cm, and spiral 9.2-, 13.7-, and 20-cm coils in the computer modeling phase. Round 9.2 cm, spiral 13.7 cm, and spiral 20-cm coils were also evaluated in experimental studies for induced electrical field and in clinical studies of expiratory muscles. Both the computer models and experimental measurements indicated that the spiral 20-cm coil can not only stimulate more expiratory spinal nerves but can also stimulate them more evenly. In addition, coils with larger diameters had better penetration than those with smaller diameters. The clinical results showed that the spiral 20-cm coil produced higher expiratory pressure, flow, and volume in five able-bodied subjects, and it was the coil of choice among the subjects when asked their preferences. In our attempt to optimize MC design for FMS of expiratory muscle training, we followed the designing guidelines set out in our previous study and arrived at a more effective tool.
LLC DC/DC Resonant Converter with PLL Control Scheme (2007)

This paper proposes a capacitively loaded loop (LLC) DC/DC resonant converter with phase-locked loop (PLL) control scheme. The PLL control scheme enables the switching frequency of the converter to continuously track the resonant frequency of the LLC resonant tank by detecting the phase signals of the input and transformer secondary output voltages of the LLC resonant tank. Based on this resonant frequency, the switching frequency is adjusted to obtain the required voltage gain. However, because the operating frequency will not be lower than the resonant frequency of the LLC resonant tank, the switches of the inverter are both operated in zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) condition so that the turn-on switching losses are reduced. The proposed 200W LLC DC/DC resonant converter with PLL control scheme is then designed and implemented to validate and demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed DC/DC converter.
Specializing shaders (1995)

We have developed a system for interactive manipulation of shading parameters for three dimensional rendering. The system takes as input user-defined shaders, written in a subset of C, which are then specialized for interactive use. Since users typically experiment with different values of a single shader parameter while leaving the others constant, we can benefit by automatically generating a specialized shader that performs only those computations depending on the parameter being varied; all other values needed by the shader can be precomputed and cached. The specialized shaders are as much as 95 times faster than the original user defined shader. This dramatic improvement in speed makes it possible to interactively view parameter changes for relatively complex shading models, such as procedural solid texturing.