gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
c-Axis zig-zag polarization inverted ScAlN multilayer for FBAR transformer rectifying antenna (2017)

Enegy harvesting from surrounding electromagnetic wave have attracted much attention in recent years. Low RF-DC conversion efficiency in the rectenna due to a weak power of electromagnetic wave is a problem. We here report the new type of polarization inverted FBAR transformer for RF amplification in the rectenna. c-Axis zig-zag polarization inverted 12 layer ScAlN was fabricated by glancing sputtering deposition. The 12 layer ScAlN HBAR clearly excites 12th-order shear mode of 1.4 dB at 612 MHz. c-Axis tilt angle of the layers was determined to be 40-45 degrees by an XRD pole figure. This new type of device is promising for high efficiency RF-DC conversion in the rectenna.
Lymphocyte homeostasis following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion in multiple sclerosis (2005)

Following lymphocyte depletion, homeostatic mechanisms drive the reconstitution of lymphocytes. We prospectively studied this process in 16 patients for 1 year after a single pulse of treatment with Campath-1H, a humanised anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody. We observed two phases of lymphocyte reconstitution. In the first 6 months after treatment the precursor frequency and proliferation index of the patients' autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction increased; the depleted T cell pool was dominated by memory T cells, especially (CD4+)CD25high T cells, a putative regulatory phenotype; and there was a non-significant rise in peripheral mononuclear cell FoxP3 mRNA expression and fall in constitutive cytokine mRNA expression. In the later phase, from 6-to-12 months after Campath-1H, these changes reversed and there was a rise in ROG mRNA expression. However, total CD4+ numbers remained below 50% of pre-treatment levels at 12 months, perhaps reflecting a failure in homeostasis. This was not due to an impaired IL-7 response, as in rheumatoid arthritis, nor to a lack of IL-7 receptors, which are found on fewer human (CD4+)CD25high than naive cells. We speculate that CCL21 and IL-15 responses to lymphopaenia may be suboptimal in multiple sclerosis.
The p53 tumor suppressor protein, a modulator of cell proliferation. (1992)

p53 was first described as a cellular protein which co-precipitated with the large T antigen of simian virus 40 (SV40) and whose synthesis was enhanced in chemically transformed tumors (1-3).Intense research has resulted in isolation of clones for homologous-p53 cDNAs and genes from diverse organisms (Fig. 1) and extensive characterization of the encoded nuclear phosphoprotein (reviewed in Ref. 4).Genetic evidence suggests that the p53 gene is a member of a family of tumor suppressor genes (5-7).p53 is the gene most frequently found to be mutated in a wide variety of human tumors (8).The molecular mechanisms of p53 function remain unknown; however, accumulating evidence suggests that p53 regulates expression of cell cycle-related genes (9, 10).p53 appears to have two conformations (11, 12); one is associated with the ability to block cell cycle progression and is unique to the wild type (wt)' protein; the second is associated with the ability to promote cell proliferation and may be common to mutant forms and wt-p53 alike.The ability to switch between two conformational states could explain apparently contradictory properties of p53 in normal cells.Recent reviews have focused on the structure of p53 and its role in cancer (4,(13)(14)(15).Here, we focus on the role of p53 in controlling cell proliferation, and we review recent data which show how post-translational modifications may regulate p53 conformation to produce both growthstimulating and growth-inhibiting effects.
A Quantitative Analysis of the Variables Affecting the Repertoire of T Cell Specificities Recognized after Vaccinia Virus Infection (2007)

Many components contribute to immunodominance in the response to a complex virus, but their relative importance is unclear. This was addressed using vaccinia virus and HLA-A*0201 as the model system. A comprehensive analysis of 18 viral proteins recognized by CD8(+) T cell responses demonstrated that approximately one-fortieth of all possible 9- to 10-mer peptides were high-affinity HLA-A*0201 binders. Peptide immunization and T cell recognition data generated from 90 peptides indicated that about one-half of the binders were capable of eliciting T cell responses, and that one-seventh of immunogenic peptides are generated by natural processing. Based on these results, we estimate that vaccinia virus encodes approximately 150 dominant and subdominant epitopes restricted in by HLA-A*0201. However, of all these potential epitopes, only 15 are immunodominant and actually recognized in vivo during vaccinia virus infection of HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice. Neither peptide-binding affinity, nor complex stability, nor TCR avidity, nor amount of processed epitope appeared to strictly correlate with immunodominance status. Additional experiments suggested that vaccinia infection impairs the development of responses directed against subdominant epitopes. This suggested that additional factors, including immunoregulatory mechanisms, restrict the repertoire of T cell specificities after vaccinia infection by a factor of at least 10.
Specific recognition of disaccharides by trans-3,3′-stilbenediboronic acid: rigidification and fluoresecence enhancement of the stilbene skeleton upon formation of a sugar–stilbene macrocycle (1994)

K. R. A. S. Sandanayake, K. Nakashima and S. Shinkai, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 1621 DOI: 10.1039/C39940001621
HHLA2 is a member of the B7 family and inhibits human CD4 and CD8 T-cell function (2013)

T-cell costimulation and coinhibition generated by engagement of the B7 family and their receptor CD28 family are of central importance in regulating the T-cell response, making these pathways very attractive therapeutic targets. Here we describe HERV-H LTR-associating protein 2 (HHLA2) as a member of the B7 family that shares 10-18% amino acid identity and 23-33% similarity to other human B7 proteins and phylogenetically forms a subfamily with B7x and B7-H3 within the family. HHLA2 is expressed in humans but not in mice, which is unique within the B7 and CD28 families. HHLA2 protein is constitutively expressed on the surface of human monocytes and is induced on B cells after stimulation with LPS and IFN-γ. HHLA2 does not interact with other known members of the CD28 family or the B7 family, but does bind a putative receptor that is constitutively expressed not only on resting and activated CD4 and CD8 T cells but also on antigen-presenting cells. HHLA2 inhibits proliferation of both CD4 and CD8 T cells in the presence of T-cell receptor signaling. In addition, HHLA2 significantly reduces cytokine production by T cells including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, and IL-22. Thus, we have identified a unique B7 pathway that is able to inhibit human CD4 and CD8 T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. This unique human T-cell coinhibitory pathway may afford unique strategies for the treatment of human cancers, autoimmune disorders, infection, and transplant rejection and may help to design better vaccines.
Two-dimensional spatial light modulators fabricated in Si/PLZT (1990)

We report in this paper the use of Si/PLZT technology in the fabrication of 2-D electrically and optically addressed spatial light modulators. First, a 12 x 12 electrically matrix addressed array was fabricated using simultaneous laser assisted diffusion and crystallization. Then, NMOS transistors exhibiting electron mobility of 550 cm(2)/V-s were fabricated in each unit cell of the matrix array and used to control the PLZT modulator. A dynamic range of 35:1 was achieved. A 16 x 16 optically addressed SLM array was also fabricated. In this case, to improve the optical sensitivity, a three-transistor CMOS detector-amplifier circuit was included in each unit cell of the array.
Type-2 IGF Receptor: A Multi-Ligand Binding Protein (1999)

The Type-2 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF2R) is a ubiquitously expressed integral glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 300 kDa. Four different classes of ligands are presently known, binding to distinct sites at the extracytoplasmic receptor domain: mannose 6-phosphate-containing lysosomal enzymes, the non-glycosylated IGF II, retinoic acid, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor. The intracellular transport and functions of the IGF2R are determined by signal structures localized in the cytoplasmic receptor domain interacting with different cytosolic and membrane-bound proteins. The IGF2R gene is developmentally regulated. The coordinated expression of IGF II and IGF2R in most mammalian tissues and gene targeting experiments suggest a role of IGF2R in the control of extracellular IGF II concentration by receptor-mediated endocytosis and subsequent degradation of the growth factor in lysosomes. Specific alterations in the expression, activation and routing of both IGF2R and its ligands in human and rodent tumors suggest that the IGF2R functions as a tumor suppressor.
Combined local and systemic immunization is essential for durable T-cell mediated heterosubtypic immunity against influenza A virus (2016)

The threat from unpredictable influenza virus pandemics necessitates the development of a new type of influenza vaccine. Since the internal proteins are highly conserved, induction of T cells targeting these antigens may provide the solution. Indeed, adenoviral (Ad) vectors expressing flu nucleoprotein have previously been found to induce short-term protection in mice. In this study we confirm that systemic (subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization rapidly induced heterosubtypic protection predominantly mediated by CD8 T cells, but within three months clinical protection completely disappeared. Local (intranasal (i.n.)) immunization elicited delayed, but more lasting protection despite relatively inefficient immunization. However, by far, the most robust protection was induced by simultaneous, combined (i.n. + s.c.) vaccination, and, notably, in this case clinical protection lasted at least 8 months without showing any evidence of fading. Interestingly, the superior ability of the latter group to resist reinfection correlated with a higher number of antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the spleen. Thus, detailed analysis of the underlying CD8 T cell responses highlights the importance of T cells already positioned in the lungs prior to challenge, but at the same time underscores an important back-up role for circulating antigen-specific cells with the capacity to expand and infiltrate the infected lungs.
Ultrasonic pulse compression with one-bit time reversal through multiple scattering (1999)

We present experimental results that demonstrate the feasibility of one-bit time reversal even through high-order multiple scattering. A short ultrasonic pulse is transmitted and propagates through a random set of steel rods. The scattered waves are recorded on a 128-channel array, time reversed, and retransmitted through the same medium. The time-reversal mirror takes advantage of multiple scattering to compress the scattered waves into a pulse and focus it back onto the source. Paradoxically, we show that the results are even better when the scattered signals are digitized over one bit. Both temporal and spatial resolutions remain unchanged, while the compressed pulse is amplified by 12 dB, and the signal-to-noise ratio is lowered by 1.2 dB. A statistical model is developed, and its predictions are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
Epi-Deoxyarteannuin B and 6,7-Dehydroartemisinic Acid from Artemisia annua (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEpi-Deoxyarteannuin B and 6,7-Dehydroartemisinic Acid from Artemisia annuaFarouk S. El-Feraly, Ibrahim A. Al-Meshal, and Sherief I. KhalifaCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1989, 52, 1, 196–198Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50061a031https://doi.org/10.1021/np50061a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EspG, a Novel Type III System-Secreted Protein from Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with Similarities to VirA of Shigella flexneri (2001)

The function of the rorf2 gene located on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) has not been described. We report that rorf2 encodes a novel protein, named EspG, which is secreted by the type III secretory system and which is translocated into host epithelial cells. EspG is homologous with Shigella flexneri protein VirA, and the cloned espG (rorf2) gene can rescue invasion in a Shigella virA mutant, indicating that these proteins are functionally equivalent in Shigella. An EPEC espG mutant had no apparent defects in in vitro assays of virulence phenotypes, but a rabbit diarrheagenic E. coli strain carrying a mutant espG showed diminished intestinal colonization and yet diarrheal attack rates similar to those of the wild type. A second EspG homolog, Orf3, is encoded on the EspC pathogenicity islet. The cloned orf3 gene could also rescue invasion in a Shigella virA mutant, but an EPEC espG orf3 double mutant was not diminished in any tested in vitro assays for EPEC virulence factors. Our results indicate that EspG plays an accessory but as yet undefined role in EPEC virulence that may involve intestinal colonization.
Mould‐fermented foods: Recent developments (1990)

Abstract Mould‐ripened foods are used worldwide by tradition. Especially in Asia a variety of foods are produced applying various fungal genera. In Europe mould‐ripened foods are predominantly cheeses and meats, fermented with Penicillia. Penicillium roquefortii is used for blue cheese, P. camembertii for white cheese, and P. nalgiovense for salami and certain raw hams. It is required that moulds employed for foods must be neither pathogenic nor toxigenic, should improve appearance, flavour as well as stability of the products, and should preferably inhibit undesirable microorganisms. Suitable starter cultures con be developed by selection, mutation or with genetechnological methods. The most difficult demand for the usage of Penicillia is the non‐toxigenicity, as most Penicillium strains produce mycotoxins. At present non‐toxigenic isolates of P. roquefortii and P. camembertii are not available, but could be developed by mutation. From P. nalgiovense non‐toxic strains with desirable technological properties have been selected, and could be improved by genetechnological modification.
An atomic magnetometer for brain activity imaging (2005)

Magneto-encephalography (MEG) is extensively used for studies of brain functioning. We present a new multi-channel atomic magnetometer for MEG. The 256-channel magnetometer uses high-density K atoms and operates in a very low magnetic field produced by a human-size magnetic shielding. A cubic glass cell of 7 cm on the side located about 2 cm away from a human head contains a drop of K, N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4 </sup> He. Alkali-metal vapor is produced by warming the cell with hot air. Two 10 W lasers mounted outside the shields, optically pump and probe the vapor. A 16times16 photodiode array monitors the signals. Experimental results are reported
Cloning and targeted gene disruption of EXG1, encoding exo-beta 1, 3-glucanase, in the phytopathogenic fungus Cochliobolus carbonum (1994)

The phytopathogenic fungus Cochliobolus carbonum produces an extracellular enzyme capable of degrading beta 1,3-glucan in an exolytic manner. On the basis of partial amino acid sequences of the purified enzyme, two degenerate oligonucleotides were synthesized and used as PCR primers to amplify a 1.1-kb fragment of corresponding genomic DNA. The PCR product was used to isolate the genomic copy of the gene, called EXG1. Partial sequencing of the genomic DNA confirmed that the PCR product corresponded to EXG1. A strain of the fungus specifically mutated in the EXG1 gene was constructed by homologous integration of an internal fragment of EXG1. In the mutant, enzymatic activity and the corresponding peak of UV absorption during high-pressure liquid chromatography purification were reduced by at least 98%. However, crude culture filtrates of the mutant retained 44% of the wild-type beta 1,3-glucanase activity. This residual activity was due to two additional activities which were chromatographically separable from the product of EXG1 and which were coeluted with beta 1,3-beta 1,4-glucanase activity. Growth of the EXG1 mutant was normal on sucrose and oat bran but was reduced by 65% on pure beta 1,3-glucan. The EXG1 mutant was still pathogenic to maize.
Activation of adenosine A3 receptors reduces ischemic brain injury in rodents (2006)

Adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) agonists have been shown to reduce cardiac and lung injury, but the protective roles of A3R agonists in the CNS are not well characterized. The protective effect of selective A3R agonist chloro-N(6)-(3-iodo-benzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA) was first examined in primary cortical cultures. In cortical culture, Cl-IB-MECA pretreatment antagonized the hypoxia-mediated decrease in cell viability. In vivo, Cl-IB-MECA or vehicle was given intracerebroventricularly or intravenously to anesthetized rats. Animals were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia induced by transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) ligation. Intracerebroventricular or repeated intravenous administration (i.e., at 165 min and 15 min before MCA ligation) of Cl-IB-MECA did not alter blood pressure during ischemia but increased locomotor activity and decreased cerebral infarction 2 days after. In these animals, Cl-IB-MECA also reduced the density of TUNEL labeling in the lesioned cortex. The possibility of endogeneous neuroprotection was further examined in A3R knockout mice. After MCA ligation, an increase in cerebral infarction was found in the A3R knockouts compared with the A3R wild-type controls, suggesting that A3Rs are tonically activated during ischemia. Additionally, intracerebroventricular pretreatment with Cl-IB-MECA decreased the size of infarction in the wild-type controls, but not in the A3R knockout animals, suggesting that Cl-IB-MECA-induced protection was mediated through the A3 receptors. Collectively, these data suggest that Cl-IB-MECA reduced cerebral infarction through the activation of A3Rs and suppression of apoptosis.
Process Control of Stainless Steel Laser Welding using an Optical Spectroscopic Sensor (2011)

The in-process monitoring and real-time control of the penetration depth during laser welding is evaluated. An optical collimator collects the optical emission for measurement with a fast spectrometer. The sensor data are used to calculate the electron temperature and subsequently to determine the weld quality of overlap welds in AISI 304 stainless steel sheets performed both with CW Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers. A PI-controller adjusts the laser power aiming at a constant penetration depth and has been tested for Nd:YAG laser welding. Optical inspection of the weld verifies the results obtained with the proposed closed-loop system of spectroscopic sensor and controller.
Lipoxidation products as biomarkers of oxidative damage to proteins during lipid peroxidation reactions (1996)

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous disease processes including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, ischaemia reperfusion injury and rheumatoid arthritis. Chemical modification of amino acids in protein during lipid peroxidation results in the formation of lipoxidation products which may serve as indicators of oxidative stress in vivo. The focus of the studies described here was initially to identify chemical modifications of protein derived exclusively from lipids in order to assess the role of lipid peroxidative damage in the pathogenesis of disease. Malondialdehye (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) are well characterized oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and adducts of these compounds have been detected by immunological means in atherosclerotic plaque. Thus, we first developed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assays for the Schiff base adduct of MDA to lysine, the lysine-MDA-lysine diimine cross-link and the Michael addition product of HNE to lysine. Using these assays, we showed that the concentrations of all three compounds increased significantly in LDL during metal-catalysed oxidation in vitro. The concentration of the advanced glycation end-product N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) also increased during LDL oxidation, while that of its putative carbohydrate precursor the Amadori compound N epsilon-(1-deoxyfructose-1-yl)lysine did not change, demonstrating that CML is a marker of both glycoxidation and lipoxidation reactions. These results suggest that MDA and HNE adducts to lysine residues should serve as biomarkers of lipid modification resulting from lipid peroxidation reactions, while CML may serve as a biomarker of general oxidative stress resulting from both carbohydrate and lipid oxidation reactions.
Inhibition of primary human T cell proliferation byHelicobacter pylorivacuolating toxin (VacA) is independent of VacA effects on IL-2 secretion (2004)

Recent evidence indicates that the secreted Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin (VacA) inhibits the activation of T cells. VacA blocks IL-2 secretion in transformed T cell lines by suppressing the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). In this study, we investigated the effects of VacA on primary human CD4(+) T cells. VacA inhibited the proliferation of primary human T cells activated through the T cell receptor (TCR) and CD28. VacA-treated Jurkat T cells secreted markedly diminished levels of IL-2 compared with untreated cells, whereas VacA-treated primary human T cells continued to secrete high levels of IL-2. Further experiments indicated that the VacA-induced inhibition of primary human T cell proliferation was not attributable to VacA effects on NFAT activation or IL-2 secretion. We show here that VacA suppresses IL-2-induced cell-cycle progression and proliferation of primary human T cells without affecting IL-2-dependent survival. Through the analysis of a panel of mutant VacA proteins, we demonstrate that VacA-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation requires an intact N-terminal hydrophobic region necessary for the formation of anion-selective membrane channels. Remarkably, we demonstrate that one of these mutant VacA proteins [VacA-Delta(6-27)] abrogates the immunosuppressive actions of wild-type VacA in a dominant-negative fashion. We suggest that VacA may inhibit the clonal expansion of T cells that have already been activated by H. pylori antigens, thereby allowing H. pylori to evade the adaptive immune response and establish chronic infection.