gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebellin Enhances in Vitro Secretory Activity of Human Adrenal Gland (1999)

Cerebellin is a 16-amino acid peptide, originally isolated from rat cerebellum, whose presence has been recently demonstrated in the human adrenal glands and especially in medullary chromaffin cells. Cerebellin concentration dependently increased basal catecholamine (norepinephrine and epinephrine) release by human adrenal slices, containing medullary chromaffin tissue, minimal and maximal effective concentrations being 10−9 and 10−7 mol/L. Cerebellin (10−7 mol/L) markedly enhanced cAMP release by adrenal slices, and the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 (10−5 mol/L) blocked catecholamine response to cerebellin. Cerebellin did not affect basal steroid secretion of dispersed human adrenocortical cells, but it concentration dependently increased aldosterone and cortisol production by adrenal slices. Again minimal and maximal effective concentrations were 10−9 and 10−7 mol/L. Aldosterone and cortisol responses to 10−7 mol/L cerebellin was suppressed by both the β-adrenoceptor antagonist l-alprenolol (10−6 mol/L) and H-89 (10−5 mol/L). Collectively, the present findings allow us to conclude that 1) cerebellin exerts a sizable secretagogue action on both cortex and medulla of human adrenals; 2) the peptide directly stimulates catecholamine release via the adenylate cyclase/protein kinase A-dependent signaling pathway; and 3) the mechanism underlying the adrenocortical stimulatory effect of cerebellin is indirect and probably involves the release of catecholamines, which in turn, acting in a paracrine manner, enhance steroid-hormone secretion.
Plagiarism detection using feature-based neural networks (2007)

This paper focuses on the use of code features for automatic plagiarism detection. Instead of the text-based analyses employed by current plagiarism detectors, we propose a system that is based on properties of assignments that course instructors use to judge the similarity of two submissions. This system uses neural network techniques to create a feature-based plagiarism detector and to measure the relevance of each feature in the assessment. The system was trained and tested on assignments from an introductory computer science course, and produced results that are comparable to the most popular plagiarism detectors.
The Frequency of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Anxiety, Depression, and Bipolar Disorder (2008)

Substantial numbers of patients with anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder are cognitively impaired. A score that is 2 standard deviations below the mean is usually clinically important, and 2 domain scores in that range is cause for serious concern. The importance of this finding is discussed, with respect to clinical trials, in terms of establishing a homogeneous trial population and minimizing the placebo response rate.
Simultaneous detection of three mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses (eastern equine, La Crosse, and St. Louis) with a single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. (2002)

Three mosquito-borne human encephalitis viruses (eastern equine encephalitis virus [EEE], St. Louis encephalitis virus [SLE], and La Crosse encephalitis virus [LAC]) are sympatric in the southeastern United States. However, little is known concerning the temporal and spatial pattern of the distribution of these viruses in this area. As part of surveillance activities to detect the transmission of these 3 viruses in the Tennessee Valley area, we developed a single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay capable of detecting these 3 mosquito-borne viruses in a single reaction. Three viruses were differentiated by size of amplified products. Sensitivities of the multiplex RT-PCR assay for SLE, EEE, and LAC were 1-3 log median tissue culture infective doses per pool, roughly comparable to the reported sensitivity of PCR detection assays for the individual viruses, and 1 log more sensitive than antigen-capture assays for SLE and EEE. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR was not changed significantly when carried out in the presence of extracts prepared from 50 uninfected mosquitoes. The cost of the assay is estimated at $2.98 per test, similar to the cost of other RT-PCR-based assays for viruses. However, adaptation of the RT-PCR to a multiplex format adds less than $0.01 to the per-unit cost of an RT-PCR assay targeting a single virus species. Analysis of these data suggests that the single-tube multiplex RT-PCR assay represents a sensitive, specific, cost-effective, and rapid method for monitoring activities of the 3 endemic mosquito-borne human encephalitis viruses in mosquito populations in the southeastern United States.
The International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Report of the Subcommittee on Tear Film Lipids and Lipid–Protein Interactions in Health and Disease (2011)

U nderstanding the molecular composition (e.g., proteins and lipids) of the tear film (TF) and the contribution of the meibomian gland to the TF is critical in gaining knowledge about TF instabilities, dry eye syndromes, contact lens (CL) incompatibilities, and other eye diseases. Among its functions, the lipid layer of the TF slows evaporation of the aqueous component, preserves a clear optical surface, and forms a barrier to protect the eye from microbial agents and organic matter, such as dust and pollen. Researchers believe the outer lipid layer is 5 to 10 molecules thick and is composed primarily of wax and sterol esters, possibly intercalated with each other and with proteins rather than forming distinct repeating layers of molecules. 2,3 Evidence from interferometric studies indicate that the TF lipid layer thickness ranges from 20 to 160 nm. The addition of polar and nonpolar layers would add to the lipid thickness, which indicates that the lipid component of the TF may be multiple layers thick or have other contributing sources to correspond with reported thickness measurements. hile the signs and symptoms of TF instability are reasonably well characterized, we are only beginning to understand the specific molecular components of the TF and their relationship with disease and TF stability. The purpose of this review is to examine the meibomian gland's contribu-tion to TF lipids and lipid-protein interactions in health and disease.
Impact of ultra low power and fast write operation of advanced perpendicular MTJ on power reduction for high-performance mobile CPU (2012)

We demonstrated lower power consumption of mobile CPU by replacing high-performance (HP)-SRAMs with spin transfer torque (STT)-MRAMs using perpendicular (p)-MTJ. The key points that enable the low power consumption are adapting run time power gating architecture (shown in Fig. 1), and satisfying both fast and low-power writing, namely, 3 nsec and 0.09 pJ, of p-MTJ cell (shown in Fig. 3). As shown in Table 1, only our developed p-MTJ has achieved 3 nsec, 0.09 pJ. Thanks to the fast and low-power p-MTJ, the power consumption of cache memory could be reduced by over 80% without degradation of performance.
Thermoelectric Transport in Organic Materials. (2013)

Organic materials are well-suited to certain applications due to their low cost, low weight, and mechanical flexibility, but are less desirable for other applications due to poor conduction of electricity and heat. The contributions of my work focus on strategies to mitigate these limitations in current and emerging organic materials, developing techniques to improve charge carrier mobility in doped organic semiconductors (OSCs) and improve thermal conductivity in common commercial plastic materials. Understanding of charge carrier transport is a prerequisite to developing a good electrical conductor. In OSCs, charge carriers are historically assumed to be strongly localized, which bears heavily on their assumed mechanism of transport; however, the degree of localization in emerging high-conductivity OSCs has been the subject of intense study. My work develops a model that can be used with thermoelectric measurements to quantitatively determine the degree of carrier localization in an OSC, and applies this technique to high-conductivity polymers and iodine-doped pentacene films. The model also suggests a strategy to improve energy conversion efficiency in OSC-based thermoelectric materials by reducing dopant volume. This strategy was confirmed experimentally to vary all three thermoelectric parameters (Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity) in a manner that increases thermoelectric efficiency, in sharp contrast to their trade-offs in common inorganic semiconductor based thermoelectric materials. This method led to 70% increase in the thermoelectric efficiency from the previous record for an OSC. Finally, I propose and study methods to increase inter-chain bonding in polymer mixtures as an efficient engineering route to improve their thermal conductivity. By controlling the mole fractions of components to favor (strong) hydrogen bonds over weaker van der Waals bonds, the thermal conductivities of mixtures of common commercial polymers are increased by an order of magnitude, reaching 1.72 W/mK, the highest value yet reported among non-crystalline polymer materials without the incorporation of fillers.
Synthetic protocell biology: from reproduction to computation (2007)

Cells are the building blocks of biological complexity. They are complex systems sustained by the coordinated cooperative dynamics of several biochemical networks. Their replication, adaptation and computational features emerge as a consequence of appropriate molecular feedbacks that somehow define what life is. As the last decades have brought the transition from the description-driven biology to the synthesis-driven biology, one great challenge shared by both the fields of bioengineering and the origin of life is to find the appropriate conditions under which living cellular structures can effectively emerge and persist. Here, we review current knowledge (both theoretical and experimental) on possible scenarios of artificial cell design and their future challenges.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Activity of ABX-EGF, a Fully Human Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer (2004)

ABX-EGF was generally well tolerated. The objective response rate was low in previously treated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Although skin rash may be a pharmacodynamic marker of drug action, its potential as a surrogate marker of clinical benefit requires further evaluation.
Lung Gene Therapy: In Vivo Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer to Rhesus Monkey Airway Epithelium (1994)

Somatic gene therapy of lung disorders such as cystic fibrosis (CF) aims at introducing the therapeutic gene into respiratory epithelium. We have tested the ability of recombinant human adenovirus to infect rhesus monkey airway epithelium in vivo. Application of adenovirus harboring the lacZ marker gene to the airway surface resulted in large patches of lacZ-positive cells in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, 6 days after virus exposure, indicating a successful transfer of the lacZ gene to respiratory epithelium. Microscopic analysis showed that basal, mucous goblet, and ciliated cells were lacZ positive. In addition, gene transfer to the submucosal glands was observed. Pathological examination of the organs revealed no virus-mediated toxic effects to the lungs and other organs. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis we found no spread of the virus to blood or any organ tested. These results indicate the potential use and safety of adenoviruses as a tool in human gene therapy procedures aimed at pulmonary diseases.
Portrait with background: today's conservation activists (2017)

Who are the activists who serve on the front line of the conservation movement, as in logging blockades? They are drawn from the margins of the economy, not from the university educated professionals who dominate the conservation elite and the Australian Greens Party. Their motives derive from a form of local patriotism involving defence of Australia’s unique natural environment. A significant minority are sceptical of the internationalist human rights agenda of the Green Party. They see their task as saving the natural world from humans, not for humans. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Type I interferon: friend or foe? (2010)

Although the role of type I interferon (IFN) in the protection against viral infections has been known and studied for decades, its role in other immunologically relevant scenarios, including bacterial infections, shock, autoimmunity, and cancer, is less well defined and potentially much more complicated.
Demyelination and remyelination of the caudal cerebellar peduncle of adult rats following stereotaxic injections of lysolecithin, ethidium bromide, and complement/anti-galactocerebroside: A comparative study (1999)

Experimentally induced demyelination due to the direct injection of gliotoxic agents has provided powerful models for studying the biology of remyelination. For the most part, these models have involved injection into white matter tracts of the spinal cord. However, the spinal cord has a number of limitations, such as the size of lesions that it is possible to make and its unsuitability for long-term direct cannulation for the delivery of putative remyelination-enhancing agents. In this study, we describe the natural history of three new models of demyelination/remyelination based on the stereotaxic injection of three gliotoxins: lysolecithin, ethidium bromide, and a combination of anti-galactocerebroside antibody and complement (GalC-ab/comp) into the caudal cerebellar peduncle of adult rats. All three agents produced large areas of demyelination with minimal axonal damage, which undergo extensive remyelination. Ethidium bromide- and GalC-ab/comp-induced lesions remyelinated more slowly than those induced by lysolecithin. The contribution to the remyelination of the lesion by Schwann cells reflects the degree of astrocyte damage incurred within the demyelinated area and is greatest for ethidium bromide-induced demyelination. These new models not only provide further insights into the mechanisms of CNS remyelination but also provide a valuable new resource for addressing a series of key issues relevant to current efforts to promote CNS remyelination either by the enhancement of intrinsic processes or by the transplantation of myelinogenic cells.
Different factors interact with myoblast-specific and myotube-specific enhancer regions of the human desmin gene (1993)

We have previously reported that high level human desmin expression depends on a 280-base pair muscle-specific enhancer which can function not only in myotubes, but can also activate gene expression in myoblasts. We report here that this enhancer contains two different regions, one active in myotubes and the other in myoblasts. In the myotube-specific region, one MyoD1 site and one MEF2 site are necessary for full enhancer activity. Site-directed mutation of the MyoD1 binding site revealed that the intact site is essential for gene expression in myotubes and for transactivation by MyoD1 or myogenin in co-transfected fibroblasts. In the myoblast-specific region, four regions are protected by nuclear factors from the myogenic cell line C2, 7; three regions contain a GC-rich sequence sharing homology with the Krox binding site. Deletion and site-directed mutation experiments demonstrated that at least two Krox-like sequences are required for enhancer activity in myoblasts. In addition, another GC-rich sequence, designated Mb, is also required for full enhancer activity in myoblasts.
Changes in Gene Expression by Trabecular Meshwork Cells in Response to Mechanical Stretching (2005)

purpose. Trabecular meshwork (TM) cells appear to sense changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) as mechanical stretching. In response, they make homeostatic corrections in the aqueous humor outflow resistance, partially by increasing extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover initiated by the matrix metalloproteinases. To understand this homeostatic adjustment process further, studies were conducted to evaluate changes in TM gene expression that occur in response to mechanical stretching. methods. Porcine TM cells were subjected to sustained mechanical stretching, and RNA was isolated after 12, 24, or 48 hours. Changes in gene expression were evaluated with microarrays containing approximately 8000 cDNAs. Select mRNA changes were then compared by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western immunoblots were used to determine whether some of these changes were associated with changes in protein levels. results. On the microarrays, 126 genes were significantly upregulated, and 29 genes were significantly downregulated at one or more time points, according to very conservative statistical and biological criteria. Of the genes that changed, several ECM regulatory genes, cytoskeletal-regulatory genes, signal-transduction genes, and stress-response genes were notable. These included several proteoglycans and matricellular ECM proteins composed of common repetitive binding domains. The results of analysis of mRNA changes in more than 20 selected genes by qRT-PCR supported the findings in the microarray analysis. Western immunoblots of several proteins demonstrated protein level changes associated with changes in the level of mRNA. conclusions. The expression of a variety of TM genes is significantly affected by mechanical stretching. These include several ECM proteins that contain multiple binding sites and may serve organizational roles in the TM. Several proteins that could contribute to the homeostatic modification of aqueous humor outflow resistance are also upregulated or downregulated.
Inter-operator and inter-device agreement and reliability of the SEM Scanner (2015)

The results of this study demonstrate the high reliability and good agreement of the SEM Scanner across different operators and different devices. Given the limitations of current methods to prevent and detect pressure ulcers, the SEM Scanner shows promise as an objective, reliable tool for assessing the presence or absence of pressure-induced tissue damage such as pressure ulcers.
Device Characteristics of Organic Static Induction Transistor Using Copper Phthalocyanine Films and Al Gate Electrode (1999)

We have fabricated organic static induction transistors (SITs) using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) films. The organic SITs have a layered structure of Au (drain)/CuPc/Al (gate)/CuPc/Au (source)/glass. The electrical characteristics of SITs show that the source-drain current is controlled by the bias voltage applied to the Al gate electrode and a typical SIT operation with unsaturated current characteristics is examined. Furthermore, excellent characteristics such as low voltage and high speed operation as organic transistors are obtained by choosing an appropriate thickness for each layer.
Ultraviolet and infrared femtosecond laser induced periodic surface structures on thin polymer films (2012)

This work demonstrates the formation of femtosecond laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) by multipulse irradiation with the fundamental and 3rd harmonic of a linearly polarized Ti:sapphire laser (795 and 265 nm) on thin films of the polymers poly (ethylene terephthalate), poly (trimethylene terephthalate), and poly (carbonate bisphenol A) prepared by spin-coating. LIPSS, inspected by atomic force microscopy, are formed upon multiple pulse UV and IR irradiation with wavelength-sized period in a narrow range of fluences below the ablation threshold. Control and tunability of the size and morphology of the periodic structures become thus possible ensuring photochemical integrity of polymer films.
54 The Last Adieux (2008)

<sc>Raoul</sc> uttered a cry, and affectionately embraced Porthos. Aramis and Athos embraced like old men; and this embrace itself being a question for Aramis, he immediately said, “My friend, we have not long to remain with you.” “Ah!” said the Comte. “Only time to tell...
Coordinated regulation of amino sugar-synthesizing and -degrading enzymes in Escherichia coli K-12 (1993)

The intracellular concentration of the enzyme glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, encoded by the gene glmS in Escherichia coli, is repressed about threefold by growth on the amino sugars glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. This regulation occurs at the level of glmS transcription. It is not due just to the presence of intracellular amino sugar phosphates, because mutations which derepress the genes of the nag regulon (coding for proteins involved in the uptake and metabolism of N-acetylglucosamine) also repress the expression of glmS in the absence of exogenous amino sugars.
A microwave frequency sensor for non-invasive blood-glucose measurement (2008)

A microwave sensor having features useful for the noninvasive determination of blood glucose levels is described. The sensor output is an amplitude only measurement of the standing wave versus frequency sampled at a fixed point on an openterminated spiral-shaped microstrip line. Test subjects press their thumb against the line and apply contact pressure sufficient to fall within a narrow pressure range. Data are reported for test subjects whose blood glucose is independently measured using a commercial glucometer.
Preventive Effect of Estrogen on Postmenopausal Bone Loss (1975)

• Follow-up studies of bone mineral content in the radius were done in 82 postmenopausal women 4 to 10 years after the first examination. These patients were subdivided into four groups depending on the type of menopause (artificial or natural) and estrogen administration (treated or untreated). Bone mineral mass and combined cortical thickness decreased significantly in both groups of untreated women. Bone mineral loss per year for the untreated women was —9.1 mg/sq cm for castrates and —6.9 mg/sq cm for those with a natural menopause. In neither group was the rate of loss correlated with age. The change in bone mineral mass per year in the estrogen-treated subjects (mean, +3.25 mg/sq cm) differed significantly from that of untreated subjects (mean, —7.99 mg/sq cm). The findings suggest that postmenopausal osteoporosis could be prevented by estrogen treatment. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>135:1436-1440,1975)