gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir-mediated apoptotic death of bystander cells. (1996)

An emerging strategy for cancer gene therapy involves the transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene into tumor cells, rendering them susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of ganciclovir. The observation that HSV-tk-expressing cells can also induce cell death in neighboring cells, which do not express HSV-tk, has been called the bystander effect. Gap junction-mediated transfer of cytotoxic molecules to bystander cells may be an important mechanism of bystander cell death, although others have suggested a role for phagocytosis. In this study, we evaluated the mode of cell death in bystander cells. We detected apoptosis in bystander cells and found that bystander cell death could be inhibited by BCL2 expression. We determined that ganciclovir incubations for 10 h were sufficient to induce cell death in most bystander cells cocultured with HSV-tk-expressing cells. During this period, no phagocytosis was detected, although it was obvious at later stages.
A morphometric method to evaluate angiogenesis kinetics in the rat mesentery. (1994)

The mesenteric window angiogenesis assay permits the objective determination of a number of angiogenesis parameters in peritoneal connective tissue. The time-course of the angiogenic response that follows activation of endogenous connective tissue mast cells in situ in normal adult rats was investigated using a set of quantitative variables. A method developed to quantify angiogenesis kinetics by evaluation of microvascular ramification and elongation is presented. The angiogenic process was found to proceed long after the termination of the inducing selective mast-cell activation and was thus to a large extent self-perpetuating. The angiogenesis also continued long after the maximum level of the ingrowth of vessels from adjacent tissues, the vessel density, and ramification within the vascularized areas was reached. The whole angiogenic phase lasted as long as 5-6 weeks and the total vessel density, i.e. the vascular area multiplied by the vessel density, remained elevated over controls throughout the course of the 99-day experiment. It appears that angiogenesis kinetics based on truly quantitative assessment of relevant parameters, as in the present study, will be a useful means in elucidating how positive and negative angiogenic factors, individually or in combination, influence the microvascular arborization.
Endogenous interferon-gamma impairs bacterial clearance from lungs during Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. (2001)

Interferon (IFN-)gamma is thought to play a role in the resistance to various pathogens. To study the role of IFN-gamma in the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas pneumonia, IFN-gamma receptor (R) alpha-subunit-deficient [IFN-gammaR(-/-)] mice and wild type mice were intranasally inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10(5) CFU). IFN-gammaR(-/-) mice demonstrated an enhanced clearance of P. aeruginosa from their lungs when compared to normal wild type mice (P < 0.05 at 24 hours after the infection), which was associated with a tendency towards an improved survival. These findings were not accompanied by a more effective activation of several components of the innate immune system known to contribute to host defense against pneumonia, i.e. the lung concentrations of cytokines and chemokines were similar in IFN-gammaR(-/-) and wild type mice, while the influx of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was even higher in wild type mice than in IFN-gammaR(-/-) mice. Remarkably, IFN-gammaR(-/-) mice had higher nitric oxide levels in the BALF at 24 hours after infection (P < 0.05). Endogenous IFN-gamma impairs rather than augments host defense during pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa.
Synthesis and Permeation Properties of a DDR-Type Zeolite Membrane for Separation of CO2/CH4 Gaseous Mixtures (2007)

Using hydrothermal synthesis, a highly hydrophobic DDR-type zeolite membrane was prepared on the outer surface of a porous α-alumina tube. The results of this study show that it is useful for CO2/CH4 separation. Single-gas permeation for CO2, CH4, H2, He, N2, and O2, and CO2/CH4 binary gas permeation, were measured, respectively, at pressures up to 5 and 2 MPa. The respective single-gas permeances of CO2 and CH4 at 298 K at a feed pressure of 0.2 MPa and a permeate pressure of 0.1 MPa were 4.2 × 10-7 and 1.2 × 10-9 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1; the ideal selectivity for CO2/CH4 was 340. The permeances were in the following order: CO2 > H2 > He > O2 > N2 > CH4. Single-gas permeance was dependent on the relative molecular size of the DDR pore diameter. However, CO2 permeance dominated the adsorption affinity to the pore wall of DDR zeolite. In mixed-gas permeation experiments using the sweep method, the DDR-type zeolite membrane showed high selectivity for CO2/CH4 mixtures of 200 and high CO2 permeance of 3.0 × 10-7 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1 at 298 K with a feed pressure of 0.2 MPa. Furthermore, the DDR zeolite membranes were compared to other zeolite membranes for evaluation of their CO2/CH4 selectivity and CO2 permeance; the DDR-type zeolite membranes show better CO2/CH4 separation and CO2 permeance.
Hyaluronan Synthase and Hyaluronidase Expression in Serous Ovarian Carcinoma is Related to Anatomic Site and Chemotherapy Exposure (2012)

The present study investigated the expression and clinical role of hyaluronan synthases (HAS1-3) and hyaluronidases (Hyal1-3) in serous ovarian carcinoma. HAS and HYAL mRNA expression was analyzed in 97 tumors (61 effusions, 27 primary carcinomas, 9 solid metastases) using PCR and further studied for association with clinicopathologic parameters, including survival. HAS1 mRNA was overexpressed in effusions compared to primary carcinomas and solid metastases (p < 0.001), and an alternatively spliced HAS1 was expressed only in effusions. HAS2 mRNA was overexpressed in solid metastases and primary carcinomas compared to effusions (p = 0.043), and HAS3 mRNA was overexpressed in primary carcinomas and effusions compared to solid metastases (p = 0.008). HYAL1 mRNA was absent in all specimens, whereas HYAL2 was expressed as two splice variants, of which HYAL2-var2 was overexpressed in solid metastases compared to effusions and primary carcinomas (p < 0.001). HYAL3 mRNA was expressed as wild-type and variant 1-3 form, the latter more highly in primary carcinomas and effusions compared to solid metastases (p = 0.006). HAS1 mRNA was overexpressed in pre- compared to post-chemotherapy effusions (p < 0.001), with opposite finding for HYAL2-var1 and HYAL3-WT (p = 0.016 and p = 0.024, respectively). Higher HYAL2-var1 and HAS1 splice variant mRNA expression in effusions was associated with longer (p = 0.033) and shorter (p = 0.047) overall survival, respectively. These data are the first to document a role for HAS and Hyal members in tumor progression in ovarian carcinoma, as evidenced by their differential expression as function of anatomic site and chemotherapy exposure, with a possible prognostic role for patients with malignant effusions.
Ultra-miniature fiber-optic pressure sensor using white light interferometry (2004)

We have developed a fiber-optic Fabry–Perot interferometric pressure sensor of 125 µm in diameter and a detection system for medical use. A Fabry–Perot cavity is formed at an optical fiber end. A deformation of the diaphragm of the Fabry–Perot cavity induced by pressure varies the cavity length. White light interferometry is used to avoid error and noise caused by bending of the optical fiber and fluctuation of the light source. The reflection light of the sensor cavity is detected by a commercial high-speed spectrometer. A pressure change has been detected by using the developed sensor system. Animal experiments using a goat have been carried out and dynamic pressure changes in the internal pressure of heart and aorta have been successfully monitored.
Automatic quality assessment of apical four-chamber echocardiograms using deep convolutional neural networks (2017)

Echocardiography (echo) is the most common test for diagnosis and management of patients with cardiac condi- tions. While most medical imaging modalities benefit from a relatively automated procedure, this is not the case for echo and the quality of the final echo view depends on the competency and experience of the sonographer. It is not uncommon that the sonographer does not have adequate experience to adjust the transducer and acquire a high quality echo, which may further affect the clinical diagnosis. In this work, we aim to aid the operator during image acquisition by automatically assessing the quality of the echo and generating the Automatic Echo Score (AES). This quality assessment method is based on a deep convolutional neural network, trained in an end-to-end fashion on a large dataset of apical four-chamber (A4C) echo images. For this project, an expert car- diologist went through 2,904 A4C images obtained from independent studies and assessed their condition based on a 6-scale grading system. The scores assigned by the expert ranged from 0 to 5. The distribution of scores among the 6 levels were almost uniform. The network was then trained on 80% of the data (2,345 samples). The average absolute error of the trained model in calculating the AES was 0.8 &plusmn; 0:72. The computation time of the GPU implementation of the neural network was estimated at 5 ms per frame, which is sufficient for real-time deployment.
Steering control of automated vehicles using absolute positioning gps and magnetic markers (2003)

Steering control for passenger cars on automated highways is analyzed. The feasibility of an automatic steering system based on absolute positioning global positioning system (GPS) and a magnetic marker guidance system has been evaluated using computer simulations. State estimation and control algorithm issues are examined for such a control system. By use of GPS and a magnetic marker sensor, an accurate and real-time estimation of the vehicle's lateral displacements with respect to the road can be accomplished. A steering control algorithm based on road curvature preview for achieving good road tracking and providing ride comfort is also presented. The proposed estimation and control system are validated by simulation results.
Probiotic therapy of intestinal inflammation and infections. (2005)

Probiotics offer promise for physiologic, nontoxic treatment of pouchitis, ulcerative colitis, and acute infectious diarrhea, but larger, controlled clinical studies must be performed to clarify optimal agents; doses; combinations of various probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics; and therapeutic conditions.
Representation Learning for Text-level Discourse Parsing (2014)

Text-level discourse parsing is notoriously difficult, as distinctions between discourse relations require subtle semantic judgments that are not easily captured using standard features. In this paper, we present a representation learning approach, in which we transform surface features into a latent space that facilitates RST discourse parsing. By combining the machinery of large-margin transition-based structured prediction with representation learning, our method jointly learns to parse discourse while at the same time learning a discourse-driven projection of surface features. The resulting shift-reduce discourse parser obtains substantial improvements over the previous state-of-the-art in predicting relations and nuclearity on the RST Treebank.
Adenovirus-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope recombinant vaccines elicit high-titered HIV-neutralizing antibodies in the dog model. (1992)

Recombinant human adenoviruses (Ads) (types 4, 5, and 7) expressing the HIV-1 envelope membrane glycoprotein (gp160) were tested for immunogenicity in the dog. Administration of recombinant Ad7-env by intratracheal inoculation resulted in a low serum antibody response to gp160, which developed over several weeks. A strong neutralizing antibody response to the Ad7 vector developed within 1 week of infection. A subsequent booster inoculation 12 weeks later with the heterotypic Ad4-env recombinant virus resulted in significantly enhanced humoral responses directed at the envelope antigen, as measured by both ELISA and Western blot analysis as well as high-titer type-specific neutralizing antibodies, with some animals achieving neutralization titers approaching 1000. Recombinant HIV envelope glycoprotein derived from Ad-HIV-infected cell cultures was used as a subunit booster injection for dogs that had previously received sequential immunizations with heterotypic recombinant Ads. Significant immune responses against the envelope developed as measured by ELISA, Western blot analysis, and neutralization assays. These data indicate that live recombinant Ad-HIV vaccines are capable of inducing high-titer type-specific neutralizing antibodies to gp160 in vivo. Recombinant HIV envelope glycoprotein subunit vaccines, prepared from Ad-env-infected cells, are capable of boosting these responses.
Chemical derivatization of an array of three gold microelectrodes with polypyrrole: fabrication of a molecule-based transistor (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical derivatization of an array of three gold microelectrodes with polypyrrole: fabrication of a molecule-based transistorHenry S. White, Gregg P. Kittlesen, and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 18, 5375–5377Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00330a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00330a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3203Altmetric-Citations463LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bones, Stones, and Buddhist Monks. Collected Papers on the Archaeology, Epigraphy, and Texts of Monastic Buddhism in India. Gregory Schopen. (1999)

Bones, Stones, and Buddhist Monks. Collected Papers on the Archaeology, Epigraphy, and Texts of Monastic Buddhism in India. Gregory Schopen. (Studies in the Buddhist Traditions) University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu 1997, xvii, 298 pp. Cloth $58.00, pbk $31.95. ISBN 0-8248-1748-6/1870-9.
Communicating Statistical Information (2000)

Most people, experts included, have difficulties understanding and combining statistical information effectively. Hoffrage et al. demonstrate that these difficulties can be considerably reduced by communicating the information in terms of natural frequencies rather than in terms of probabilities. Several applications in medicine, legal decision-making, and education are discussed.
VariedImmunity Generated in Mice by DNA Vaccines with Large and SmallHepatitis DeltaAntigens (2003)

Whether the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) DNA vaccine can induce anti-HDV antibodies has been debatable. The role of the isoprenylated motif of hepatitis delta antigens (HDAg) in the generation of immune responses following DNA-based immunization has never been studied. Plasmids p2577L, encoding large HDAg (L-HDAg), p2577S, expressing small HDAg (S-HDAg), and p25L-211S, encoding a mutant form of L-HDAg with a cysteine-to-serine mutation at codon 211, were constructed in this study. Mice were intramuscularly injected with the plasmids. The anti-HDV antibody titers, T-cell proliferation responses, T-helper responses, and HDV-specific, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing CD8(+) T cells were analyzed. Animals immunized with p2577S showed a strong anti-HDV antibody response. Conversely, only a low titer of anti-HDV antibodies was detected in mice immunized with p2577L. Epitope mapping revealed that the anti-HDV antibodies generated by p2577L vaccination hardly reacted with epitope amino acids 174 to 194, located at the C terminus of S-HDAg. All of the HDAg-encoding plasmids could induce significant T-cell proliferation responses and generate Th1 responses and HDV-specific, IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells. In conclusion, HDAg-specific antibodies definitely exist following DNA vaccination. The magnitudes of the humoral immune responses generated by L-HDAg- and S-HDAg-encoding DNA vaccines are different. The isoprenylated motif can mask epitope amino acids 174 to 195 of HDAg but does not interfere with cellular immunity following DNA-based immunization. These findings are important for the choice of a candidate HDV DNA vaccine in the future.
Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers: favorable properties for sequence-specific gene inactivation. (2001)

The phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are a distinct class of oligonucleotide analogs. They bind to RNA and efficiently interfere with gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. Their non-ionic character combined with resistance to degradation in the body offer efficacy with minimal toxicity. Hence, the PMOs are emerging as an excellent approach to therapeutics that can be rationally designed based on target gene sequence data.
Pupil-pupil talk: does the thinking together programme enhance pupil-pupil talk within the classroom? (2016)

Talk in the classroom has been one of the most talked about topics in the classroom over recent years. For years, many have felt excessive teacher-pupil talk has been the best source to pupil progress however many are starting to feel pupil-pupil talk has greater benefits to progress. This investigation looked at the effect of pupil-pupil talk and whether a Thinking Together Programme was more or less effective than excessive teacher-pupil talk on pupil progress in five GCSE PE theory lessons. Analysis found that when pupil-pupil talk increased and teacher-pupil talk decreased, engagement, behaviour and decision-making enhanced. However, of work that is of greater difficulty, it was alternatively found that excessive teacher-pupil talk was necessary because teachers could support and guide pupils in the correct direction.
Spike protein binding prediction with neutralizing antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new emerging human infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also previously known as 2019-nCoV), originated in Wuhan seafood and animal market, China. Since December 2019, more than 69,000 cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed in China and quickly spreads to other counties. Currently, researchers put their best efforts to identify effective drugs for COVID-19. The neutralizing antibody, which binds to viral capsid in a manner that inhibits cellular entry of virus and uncoating of the genome, is the specific defense against viral invaders. In this study, we investigate to identify neutralizing antibodies that can bind to SARS-CoV-2 Sipke (S) protein and interfere with the interaction between viral S protein and a host receptor by bioinformatic methods. The sequence analysis of S protein showed two major differences in the RBD region of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein compared to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV related bat viruses (btSARS-CoV). The insertion regions were close to interacting residues with the human ACE2 receptor. Epitope analysis of neutralizing antibodies revealed that SARS-CoV neutralizing antibodies used conformational epitopes, whereas MERS-CoV neutralizing antibodies used a common linear epitope region, which contributes to form the β-sheet structure in MERS-CoV S protein and deleted in SARS-CoV-2 S protein. To identify effective neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2, the binding affinities of neutralizing antibodies with SARS-CoV-2 S protein were predicted and compared by antibody-antigen docking simulation. The result showed that CR3022 neutralizing antibody from human may have higher binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 S protein than SARS-CoV S protein. We also found that F26G19 and D12 mouse antibodies could bind to SARS-CoV S protein with high affinity. Our findings provide crucial clues towards the development of antigen diagnosis, therapeutic antibody, and the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
RemoteUI: A high-performance remote user interface system for mobile consumer electronic devices (2012)

Modern consumer electronic devices can easily integrate into distributed computing environments. By applying network-based user interface systems to control these devices, innovative applications become feasible. However, several requirements like high responsiveness and low bandwidth consumption need be satisfied. Particularly, to be applicable in wireless and mobile local and wide area networks, they must circumvent low available data rates and high network latency. We propose a new solution called RemoteUI, which works with abstract user interface (UI) descriptions and their prioritized, incremental remote replication. The system combines different approaches from thin client computing and widget based UI systems and is further optimized in the context of wireless networks and mobile consumer devices. To demonstrate the advantages of our solution, we experimentally compare the proposed RemoteUI System with Virtual Network Computing (VNC) implementations and an HTML-based solution.
Word association norms, mutual information, and lexicography (1989)

The term word assaciation is used in a very particular sense in the psycholinguistic literature. (Generally speaking, subjects respond quicker than normal to the word "nurse" if it follows a highly associated word such as "doctor.") We wilt extend the term to provide the basis for a statistical description of a variety of interesting linguistic phenomena, ranging from semantic relations of the doctor/nurse type (content word/content word) to lexico-syntactic co-occurrence constraints between verbs and prepositions (content word/function word). This paper will propose a new objective measure based on the information theoretic notion of mutual information, for estimating word association norms from computer readable corpora. (The standard method of obtaining word association norms, testing a few thousand subjects on a few hundred words, is both costly and unreliable.) The , proposed measure, the association ratio, estimates word association norms directly from computer readable corpora, waki,~g it possible to estimate norms for tens of thousands of words.