gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet Light Induces Apoptosis via Direct Activation of CD95 (Fas/APO-1) Independently of Its Ligand CD95L (1998)

Induction of apoptosis in keratinocytes by UV light is a critical event in photocarcinogenesis. Although p53 is of importance in this process, evidence exists that other pathways play a role as well. Therefore, we studied whether the apoptosis-related surface molecule CD95 (Fas/APO-1) is involved. The human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT expresses CD95 and undergoes apoptosis after treatment with UV light or with the ligand of CD95 (CD95L). Incubation with a neutralizing CD95 antibody completely prevented CD95L-induced apoptosis but not UV-induced apoptosis, initially suggesting that the CD95 pathway may not be involved. However, the protease CPP32, a downstream molecule of the CD95 pathway, was activated in UV-exposed HaCaT cells, and UV-induced apoptosis was blocked by the ICE protease inhibitor zVAD, implying that at least similar downstream events are involved in CD95- and UV-induced apoptosis. Activation of CD95 results in recruitment of the Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) that activates ICE proteases. Immunoprecipitation of UV-exposed HaCaT cells revealed that UV light also induces recruitment of FADD to CD95. Since neutralizing anti-CD95 antibodies failed to prevent UV-induced apoptosis, this suggested that UV light directly activates CD95 independently of the ligand CD95L. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that UV light induced clustering of CD95 in the same fashion as CD95L. Prevention of UV-induced CD95 clustering by irradiating cells at 10 degrees C was associated with a significantly reduced death rate. Together, these data indicate that UV light directly stimulates CD95 and thereby activates the CD95 pathway to induce apoptosis independently of the natural ligand CD95L. These findings further support the concept that UV light can affect targets at the plasma membrane, thereby even inducing apoptosis.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus in swine: neutralizing antibody in naturally and experimentally infected swine. (1973)

Neutralizing antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were detected in sera of Iowa farm sows, their piglets derived by hysterectomy and in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs in a closed herd. No antibodies against BVDV were detected in sera of 134 fetal pigs from 67 sows in an Iowa slaughter-house. Neutralizing antibodies against BVDV or hog cholera virus, produced experimentally in SPF pigs, were demonstrated to be due to different antigens rather than to a common antigen, although slight cross-neutralization reactions sometimes occur.
Serum Tau Protein Level as a Marker of Axonal Damage in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2002)

Biochemical markers of brain damage, e.g. ischemic stroke, should reflect the volume of irreversibly damaged brain parenchyma and the clinical outcome in a single patient in order to allow estimation of prognosis at an early stage. Tau protein, which derives predominantly from neurons and axons, is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative disease. This makes tau protein a potential marker of neuronal/axonal injury. In order to test this hypothesis, the current study aimed at showing that tau protein is measurable in the blood after acute ischemic stroke and that it correlates with clinical disability and stroke volume. In a longitudinal prospective study we measured tau protein serum levels with an ELISA in 30 patients longitudinally after ischemic stroke. Tau protein was detectable within 5 days after ischemia in the sera of 7/20 patients with MRI-proven infarction and in 2/10 patients with transitory ischemic attack; both of them had a small infarction visible on the MRI scan. Tau protein was measurable within 6 h after symptom onset, peaked after 3-5 days and correlated with infarct volume and disability after 3 months. In conclusion, serum tau protein is a candidate marker of axonal injury. In stroke, its clinical use is limited, because it is detectable only in a proportion of patients.
Two Novel Diastereoselective Three-Component Reactions of Alkenes or 3,4-Dihydro-(2H)-pyran with Urea/Thiourea−Aldehyde Mixtures:  [4 + 2] Cycloaddition vs Biginelli-Type Reaction (2006)

Two novel diastereoselective three-component reactions of alkenes or 3,4-dihydro-(2H)-pyran with urea/thiourea-aldehyde mixtures are described. [reaction: see text]
On-Chip Single-Copy Real-Time Reverse-Transcription PCR in Isolated Picoliter Droplets (2008)

The first lab-on-chip system for picoliter droplet generation and RNA isolation, followed by reverse transcription, and PCR amplification with real-time fluorescence detection in the trapped droplets has been developed. The system utilized a shearing T-junction in a fused-silica device to generate a stream of monodisperse picoliter-scale droplets that were isolated from the microfluidic channel walls and each other by the oil-phase carrier. An off-chip valving system stopped the droplets on-chip, allowing thermal cycling for reverse transcription and subsequent PCR amplification without droplet motion. This combination of the established real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay with digital microfluidics is ideal for isolating single-copy RNA and virions from a complex environment and will be useful in viral discovery and gene-profiling applications.
DISTRIBUTED DEGREE-CONSTRAINED MULTICASTING IN POINT-TO-POINT NETWORKS (1995)

Establishing a multicast tree in a point-to-point network of switch nodes, such as a wide-area ATM network, is often modeled as the NP-complete Steiner problem in networks. In this paper, we present distributed algorithms for finding efficient multicast trees in the presence of constraints on the copying ability of the individual switch nodes in the network. We refer to this problem as the degree-constrained multicast tree problem and model it as the degree-constrained Steiner problem (DCSP) in networks. We consider two distinct approaches to the design of distributed DCPS heuristics. The first approach involves design of distributed versions of centralized DCSP algorithms. We introduce distributed versions of two DCSP heuristics: the shortest path heuristic (SPH) and the Kruskal-based shortest path heuristic (K-SPH). The second approach is to modify the solution obtained from an unconstrained heuristic to satisfy the degree constraints using a distributed post-processing algor...
Luminescent Platinum(II) Complexes of Quinoxaline-2,3-dithiolate (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLuminescent Platinum(II) Complexes of Quinoxaline-2,3-dithiolateScott D. Cummings and Richard EisenbergCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 8, 2007–2014Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00112a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00112a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views794Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sleep Apnea and Body Position during Sleep (1988)

In patients with obstructive sleep apnea, it is believed that body position influences apnea frequency. Sleeping in the lateral decubitus position often results in significantly fewer apneas, and some have recommended sleeping on the side as the major treatment intervention. Previous studies, although calculating apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) for supine and lateral decubitus positions, have not taken sleep stage into account. To examine the effect of both sleep stage and body position on apnea duration (AD) and frequency, we determined AHI and AD in all spontaneous body positions during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep by reviewing videotapes and polysomnograms from 11 overnight studies of 7 obese patients with severe sleep apnea. Consistent with previous work, AD was significantly longer in REM then in NREM (32.5 +/- 2.3 s versus 23.5 +/- 1.9 s; p less than 0.05). This difference persisted when adjusting for body position. AHI was greater on the back than on the sides (84.4 +/- 4.9/h versus 73.6 +/- 7.5/h, p less than 0.05), but after accounting for sleep stage, this difference remained only for NREM (103 +/- 4.8/h versus 80.3 +/- 9.2/h, p less than 0.05) and not for REM (83.6 +/- 5.3/h versus 71.1 +/- 4.2/h, p NS). Although reduced, AHI on the sides still remained clinically very high. Body position changed frequently throughout the night, but some patients spent little or no time on their back. We conclude that AD is longer in REM than NREM, regardless of position, and AHI is higher on the back only in NREM. As AHI remains very high on the sides, favoring the lateral decubitus position may not be as beneficial as previously thought in very obese patients. Less obese patients are more likely to benefit by position changes.
Millisecond Reforming of Solid Biomass for Sustainable Fuels (2007)

Breaking the coke habit: By coupling thermal decomposition with catalytic partial oxidation, an effective method has been developed to convert solid biomass such as cellulose into synthesis gas (see photo of a hot Rh catalyst surface). Not only is the process fast (<70 ms), it also avoids the formation of coke, which is known to deactivate catalyst surface sites and block surface reactions. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z701238_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cell size of alveolar macrophages: an interspecies comparison. (1997)

Alveolar macrophages (AM) play a critical role in the removal of inhaled particles or fibers from the lung. Species differences in AM size may affect the number and size range of particles/fibers that can be actually phagocytized and cleared by AM. The purpose of this study was to compare the cell size of rat, hamster, monkey, and human AM by selective flow cytometric analysis of cell volume. Resident AM from CD rats, Syrian golden hamsters, cynomolgus monkeys, and nonsmoking, healthy human volunteers were harvested by standard bronchoalveolar lavage procedures. Morphometric analysis of AM was performed using a flow cytometer that generates volume signals based on the Coulter-type measurement of electrical resistance. We found that hamster and rat AM had diameters of 13.6 +/- 0.4 microns (n = 8) and 13.1 +/- 0.2 microns (n = 12), respectively. Comparatively, the AM from monkeys (15.3 +/- 0.5 microns, n = 7) and human volunteers (21.2 +/- 0.3 microns, n = 10) were larger than those from rats and hamsters. The AM from humans were significantly larger (p < 0.05) than those from all other species studied, corresponding to a 4-fold larger cell volume of human AM (4990 +/- 174 microns 3) compared to hamster (1328 +/- 123 microns 3) and rat (1166 +/- 42 microns 3) AM. In summary, we have found marked species differences in the cell size of AM. We suggest that the number and size range of particles/fibers that can be phagocytized and cleared by AM may differ among species due to inherent or acquired species differences in AM cell size.
Specific activation of the cellular Harvey-ras oncogene in dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mouse mammary tumors. (1986)

Genomic DNAs from dimethylbenzanthracene-induced BALB/c mouse mammary tumors arising from the transplantable hyperplastic outgrowth (HPO) line designated DI/UCD transformed NIH 3T3 cells upon transfection. Transforming activity was attributed to the presence of activated Harvey ras-1 oncogenes containing an A----T transversion at the middle adenosine nucleotide in codon 61. DNAs from untreated DI/UCD HPO cells and radiation-induced and spontaneous mammary tumors from the DI/UCD HPO line failed to transform NIH 3T3 cells. The results indicated that the mutation activation of Harvey ras-1 oncogenes was specific to dimethylbenzanthracene treatment in the mouse mammary tumor system.
An Inhibitor of the Interaction of Thyroid Hormone Receptor β and Glucocorticoid Interacting Protein 1 (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAn Inhibitor of the Interaction of Thyroid Hormone Receptor β and Glucocorticoid Interacting Protein 1Timothy R. Geistlinger and R. Kiplin GuyView Author Information Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology University of California at San Francisco 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7, 1525–1526Publication Date (Web):January 30, 2001Publication History Received25 August 2000Published online30 January 2001Published inissue 1 February 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja005549chttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja005549crapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Assays,Conformation,Peptides and proteins,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Stochastic Memory Devices for Security and Computing (2019)

Abstract With the widespread use of mobile computing and internet of things, secured communication and chip authentication have become extremely important. Hardware‐based security concepts generally provide the best performance in terms of a good standard of security, low power consumption, and large‐area density. In these concepts, the stochastic properties of nanoscale devices, such as the physical and geometrical variations of the process, are harnessed for true random number generators (TRNGs) and physical unclonable functions (PUFs). Emerging memory devices, such as resistive‐switching memory (RRAM), phase‐change memory (PCM), and spin‐transfer torque magnetic memory (STT‐MRAM), rely on a unique combination of physical mechanisms for transport and switching, thus appear to be an ideal source of entropy for TRNGs and PUFs. An overview of stochastic phenomena in memory devices and their use for developing security and computing primitives is provided. First, a broad classification of methods to generate true random numbers via the stochastic properties of nanoscale devices is presented. Then, practical implementations of stochastic TRNGs, such as hardware security and stochastic computing, are shown. Finally, future challenges to stochastic memory development are discussed.
DNA Sequence of a Gene Encoding a BALB/c Mouse L d Transplantation Antigen (1982)

The sequence of a gene, denoted 27.5, encoding a transplantation antigen for the BALB/c mouse has been determined. Gene transfer studies and comparison of the translated sequence with the partial amino acid sequence of the Ld transplantation antigen establish that gene 27.5 encodes an Ld polypeptide. A comparison of the gene 27.5 sequence with several complementary DNA sequences suggests that the BALB/c mouse may contain a number of closely related L-like genes. Gene 27.5 has eight exons that correlate with the structural domains of the transplantation antigen.
Release of Hepatic Stimulatory Substance from Cultures of Free and Microencapsulated Hepatocytes: Preliminary Report (1988)

The galactosamine induced liver failure animal model was used to study the release of hepatic stimulatory substance (HSS) from free and microencapsulated hepatocytes in culture. Free hepatocyte cultures released HSS which significantly increased DNA synthesis in hepatocyte and the survival time of this animal model. The release HSS was not observed when hepatocytes were microencapsulated in an alginate matrix. The alginate matrix has a pore size which does not allow molecules larger than albumin (64,000 M.W.) to pass through the matrix. This suggests that of the two different ranges of molecular weights suggested for the hepatic stimulatory substance, those in the higher molecular range are important for liver regeneration.
Transport measurements and analytical modeling of extraordinary electrical conductance in Ti-GaAs metal-semiconductor hybrid structures (2009)

We present a comprehensive study of a phenomenon, extraordinary electroconductance (EEC), in microscopic metal-semiconductor hybrid (MSH) structures at room temperature. Our artificially designed MSH structure shows highly efficient external electric field sensing properties not exhibited by bare semiconductor structures. The microscopic device is fabricated from a GaAs epitaxial layer with a Ti/Au shunt subject to an external electric field and gives a maximum 5.2% EEC effect corresponding to an external electric field resolution of 3.05 V/cm at a bias field of 2.5 kV/cm. Moreover, the study reveals a strong dependence of the transport properties on the geometry of the MSH. An analytical two-layer model is developed which provides good agreement with the experimentally observed data. We propose that scaled down nanoscopic EEC sensor arrays can be used as an imaging technique for the charge distribution on a single cell surface in real time.
Sleep Apnea in Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Stroke (2010)

Patients who experience TIA and minor stroke have a high prevalence of OSA and associated hypoxia. The atypical clinical presentation of OSA in this patient population may lead to under-recognition and treatment. Further studies are required to determine the impact of treating OSA on the risk of recurrent stroke.
Clavicle Fractures in Head-Injured Children (1987)

Between the years 1960 and 1985, 499 children were treated at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital for residuals of head trauma. Of these, 35 had fractures of the clavicle (38 total fractures). Two of the patients had lateral physeal injuries and subsequently developed a "double" clavicle. All of the clavicle fractures healed without immobilization and exhibited excellent remodeling. All patients recovered complete range of motion of the shoulder. Only one of the patients required surgery (for removal of a tender bony prominence after the formation of a "double" clavicle).
Towards higher resolution: Two-dimensional Electrophoresis ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae proteins using overlapping narrow immobilized pH gradients (2000)

The rising number of proteome projects leads to new challenges for two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients and different applications of this technique. Not only wide pH gradients such as 4-12 or 3-12 (Görg et al., Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 712-717) which can give an overview of the total protein expressions of cells are in demand but also overlapping narrow immobilized pH gradients are to be used for more specialized and detailed research and micropreparative separations. The advantage of overlapping narrow pH gradients is the gain in higher resolution by stretching the protein pattern in the first dimension. This simplifies computer-aided image analysis and protein identification (e.g., by mass spectrometry). In this study the protein patterns of yeast cells in pH gradients 4-5, 4.5-5.5, 5-6, 5.5-6.7 and 6-9 are presented and compared to the pH 4-7 and 3-10 gradients. This combination allowed us to reveal a total of 2286 yeast protein spots compared to 755 protein spots in the pH 3-10 gradient.
A Directional Interstitial Antenna for Microwave Tissue Ablation: Theoretical and Experimental Investigation (2015)

Microwave ablation (MWA) is a minimally invasive thermal therapy modality increasingly employed for the treatment of tumors and benign disease. For successful treatment, complete thermal coverage of the tumor and margin of surrounding healthy tissue must be achieved. Currently available interstitial antennas for MWA have cylindrically symmetric radiation patterns. Thus, when treating targets in proximity to critical structures, caution must be taken to prevent unintended thermal damage. A novel coaxial antenna design for MWA with an asymmetrical cylindrical heating pattern is presented in this paper. This radiation pattern is achieved by employing a hemicylindrical reflector positioned at a critical distance from a conventional coaxial monopole antenna. Finite-element method simulations were employed to optimize the geometric dimensions of the antenna with the objective of minimizing the antenna reflection coefficient at the 2.45-GHz operating frequency, and maximizing volume of the ablation zone. Prototype antennas were fabricated and experimentally evaluated. Simulations indicated an optimal S11 of -32 dB at 2.45 GHz in close agreement with experimental measurements of -29 dB. Ex vivo experiments were performed to validate simulations and observe effects to the antennas' heating pattern with the varying input power and geometry of the reflector. Ablation zones up to 20 mm radially were observed in the forward direction, with minimal heating (less than 4 mm) behind the reflector.
Synovial inflammation in active rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis facilitates trapping of a variety of oral bacterial DNAs. (2007)

Higher variety and concentrations of oral bacterial DNAs were found in SF compared to serum of RA and PsA patients. These findings indicate that synovial inflammation in RA and PsA may favor trapping of oral bacterial DNAs, suggesting a perpetuating effect of oral pathogens in joint disease.
Multiple influences of a heparin-binding growth factor on neuronal development. (1987)

Heparin-binding growth factor-2 (HBGF-2; also known as basic fibroblast growth factor) is mitogenic for most anchorage-dependent cells. It is shown here that HBGF-2 stimulates cell-substratum adhesion and neurite extension in the sympathetic nerve cell line PC12. When HBGF-2 is adsorbed to artificial extracellular matrices consisting of heparin or chondroitin sulfate, it causes the formation of cellular aggregates or circles of cells, respectively. HBGF-2 is also a nerve cell survival molecule, for it potentiates the survival of primary cultures of embryonic chick ciliary ganglion cells but not of embryonic neural retina cells. Finally, a series of synthetic peptides from the HBGF-2 sequence is described that selectively alter the biological effects of HBGF-2. The amphiphilic nature of one of these peptides is discussed with respect to its ability to stimulate cell adhesion.