gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereochemistry of Diastereomeric 3‐Dialkylaminopropanols and O‐Derivatives (1981)

Stereochemie von diastereomeren 3‐Dialkylaminopropanolen und entsprechenden O‐Derivaten Erythro‐ und threo‐3‐Dialkylamino‐1‐phenyl(1‐ethyl)‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanole 1a – c , 2a , b wurden durch fraktionierte Umkristallisation bzw. Säulenchromatographie über Kieselgel oder Aluminiumoxid isoliert. Weiterhin wurden die diastereomeren O‐Derivate 3 – 8 erhalten. Eine erythro‐threo‐Isomerisation wurde mit Säuren durchgeführt. Die relativen Konfigurationen und bevorzugten Konformationen wurden durch 1 H‐NMR‐ und IR‐Spektroskopie bestimmt.
GENETICS OF MANIC DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS (1997)

Manic depressive illness is a common and frequently debilitating familial psychiatric disorder. Efforts to understand the mechanisms of inheritance have been hindered by the complexity of the phenotype, which may range from benign mood swings to chronic psychosis, and by apparently nonmendelian modes of transmission. Early reports of linkage to chromosomal loci have fallen into doubt; however they have helped encourage the development of more sophisticated methods for analyzing complex phenotypes. Using such methods, linkage of manic depressive illness to loci on chromosome 18 has been reported and apparently replicated, and work is proceeding to identify genes associated with what is probably a genetically heterogeneous set of disorders. As molecular mechanisms of inheritance are elucidated, it will be important to consider the ethical implications of genetic testing in a clinically and genetically complex disorder such as manic depressive illness.
ACCF/ACG/AHA 2008 Expert Consensus Document on Reducing the Gastrointestinal Risks of Antiplatelet Therapy and NSAID Use (2008)

Bhatt, Deepak L. M.D., F.A.C.C., F.A.H.A.; Scheiman, James M.D., F.A.C.G.; Abraham, Neena S. M.D., M.S.C.E., F.A.C.G.; Antman, Elliott M. M.D., F.A.C.C., F.A.H.A.; Chan, Francis K.L. M.D., F.A.C.G.; Furberg, Curt D. M.D., F.A.H.A.; Johnson, David A. M.D., F.A.C.G.; Mahaffey, Kenneth W. M.D., F.A.C.C.; Quigley, Eamonn M. M.D., F.A.C.G.; Harrington, Robert A. M.D., F.A.C.C. Chair; Bates, Eric R. M.D., F.A.C.C.; Bridges, Charles R. M.D., M.P.H., F.A.C.C.; Eisenberg, Mark J. M.D., M.P.H., F.A.C.C.; Ferrari, Victor A. M.D., F.A.C.C.; Hlatky, Mark A. M.D., F.A.C.C.; Kaul, Sanjay M.B.B.S., F.A.C.C.; Lindner, Jonathan R. M.D., F.A.C.C.; Moliterno, David J. M.D., F.A.C.C.; Mukherjee, Debabrata M.D., F.A.C.C.; Schofield, Richard S. M.D., F.A.C.C.; Rosenson, Robert S. M.D., F.A.C.C.; Stein, James H. M.D., F.A.C.C.; Weitz, Howard H. M.D., F.A.C.C.; Wesley, Deborah J. R.N., B.S.N. Author Information
Calpain Activation in Huntington's Disease (2002)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion that results in elongation of the polyglutamine tract at the N terminus of huntingtin (Htt). Abnormal proteolytic processing of mutant Htt has been implicated as a critical step in the initiation of HD. The protease(s) involved in this process has not been fully characterized. Here we report that activated calpain was detected in the caudate of human HD tissue but not in age-matched controls. In addition, one of the major N-terminal Htt proteolytic fragments found in human HD tissue appears to be derived from calpain cleavage. Htt fragments in HD lysates were similar in size to those produced by exposure of in vitro-translated Htt to exogenous calpain. Incubation of in vitro-translated Htt with calpain generated a cascade of cleavage events with an initial intermediate cleavage product at 72 kDa and a final cleavage product at 47 kDa. The rate of cleavage of Htt by calpain was polyglutamine-length-dependent. These results suggest that cleavage of Htt in human HD tissue is mediated in part by the Ca2+-activated neutral protease, calpain.
Evidence that an Arg-Gly-Asp Adhesion Sequence Plays a Role in Mammalian Fertilization (1990)

The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence is known to play a role in many recognition systems involved in cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion. In our experiments we demonstrated that an RGD-dependent recognition is involved in sperm-oolemmal adhesion and egg penetration. Following coincubation of RGD-containing oligopeptides in a heterologous system (human sperm and zona-free hamster eggs), a significant decrease in the number of oolemma-adherent sperm was noted at 15 microM RGDV (Arg-Gly-Asp-Val) and at 5 microM GRGDTP (Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Thr-Pro), and fertilization was completely inhibited at 250 microM RGDV and 30 microM GRGDTP. In a homologous system (hamster sperm and zona-free hamster eggs), a concentration-dependent decrease in oolemmal adhesion and egg penetration was also noted, with complete inhibition of fertilization at 200 microM GRGDTP. The specificity of the receptor was confirmed by the fact that small changes in aminoacid composition impaired the peptide's effectiveness and that peptide-dependent inhibition of fertilization was partially reversible in competition studies. The presence of a molecule on the oolemma capable of binding the RGD sequence was demonstrated by using immunobeads coupled with an RGD-containing hexapeptide (GRGDTP), which rosetted over the egg surface in a manner reversible by the addition of free GRGDTP in the medium.
Microparticle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay of anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies in thyroid disorders (1994)

Crude thyroid peroxidase extracted from human thyroid microsomes was covalently bound onto polyacrylic and polyfunctional copolymerized microparticles. We observed agglutination of the thyroid peroxidase-microparticle conjugate with 13 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for epitopes on four different antigenic domains of human thyroid peroxidase (TPO; EC 1.11.1.7), after addition of anti-mouse immunoglobulins. We quantified agglutination by measuring with a specially designed nephelometer the light scattered by the conjugates. This allowed us to develop a microparticle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay for human anti-TPO autoantibodies (aAbs) with defined epitopic specificity, based on the ability of aAbs to inhibit mAb-induced agglutination. Applied to patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases, this assay confirmed the polyclonality of anti-TPO aAbs and their preferential reactivity toward epitopes located on the A and B antigenic domains of the TPO molecule. The same specificities seem to be present in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis or Graves disease.
Color-tunable organic light emitting devices (2002)

We have demonstrated an independently tunable, vertically stacked, two-color organic light emitting device. The SOLED can be continuously color-tuned from blue to red with independent control of the intensity of each element using separate, external current sources. The technique may be extended to three devices to make an emissive R-G-B pixel for full color flat-panel display applications. The SOLED architecture is, to our knowledge, the only demonstrated technique for fabricating tunable multi-color pixels using OLED technology, and offers the advantages of minimum pixel size, maximum fill factor and a simple and cheap fabrication process.
High-performance three-dimensional on-chip inductors fabricated by novel micromachining technology for RF MMIC (2003)

Using novel micromachining technology, various three-dimensional (3D) on-chip inductors have been fabricated to achieve high performance and small area occupation for GHz applications. We have obtained 14 nH, a peak Q of 38 at 1.8 GHz with area occupation of 500 /spl mu/m by 500 /spl mu/m excluding pads (56 nH/mm/sup 2/) from a stacked spiral inductor on a glass substrate. Also, 1.75 nH and a peak Q of 57 at 10 GHz have been obtained from a levitated spiral inductor.
Mapping the regions carrying the three contiguous antibiotic resistance genes aadE, sat4, and aphA-3 in the genomes of staphylococci (1997)

Tn5405 (12 kb) is a staphylococcal composite transposon delimited by two inverted copies of IS1182, one of which contains IS1181. The internal part of this transposon carries three antibiotic resistance genes, aphA-3, aadE, and sat4, and three open reading frames (ORFs), orfx, orfy, and orfz, of unknown function. The dispersion of Tn5405 and the genes and ORFs included in this transposon were investigated in 50 epidemiologically unrelated staphylococci carrying aphA-3. Twenty-three maps, distinguishable by the presence or absence of the investigated genes or ORFs and/or by the sizes of the restriction fragments carrying them, were identified. Four isolates carried Tn5405, and 15 other isolates contained a Tn5405-related element. IS1182 was not detected in the aphA-3 regions mapped in 31 isolates which carried the following combinations: orfx, orfy, aadE, sat4, and aphA-3 +/- orfz; orfy, aadE, sat4, and aphA-3 +/- orfz; and aadE, sat4, aphA-3, and orfz. In all isolates, the genes and ORFs investigated were in relative positions similar to those in Tn5405. Thus, the internal part of Tn5405 appeared to be partially conserved with the maintenance, in all of the isolates, of at least the three antibiotic resistance genes.
A subset of herpes simplex virus replication genes provides helper functions for productive adeno-associated virus replication (1991)

Herpesviruses are helper viruses for productive adeno-associated virus (AAV) replication. To analyze the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) functions mediating helper activity, we coinfected HeLa cells with AAV type 2 (AAV-2) and different HSV-1 mutants defective in individual HSV replication genes. AAV replication was fully accomplished in the absence of HSV DNA replication and thus did not require expression of late HSV genes. In addition, HSV mutants lacking either the origin-binding protein or the functional DNA polymerase fully maintained the capacity to replicate AAV. Cotransfection of the cloned, replication-competent AAV-2 genome together with the seven HSV replication genes (UL5, UL8, UL9, UL29, UL30, UL42, and UL52) led to productive AAV replication. Cotransfections with different combinations of these genes demonstrated that a subset of four of them, coding for the HSV helicase-primase complex (UL5, UL8, UL52) and the major DNA-binding protein (UL29), was already sufficient to mediate the helper effect. Thus, the HSV helper activity for productive AAV replication seems to consist of DNA replication functions. This appears to be different from the helper effect provided by adenovirus, which predominantly modulates AAV gene regulation.
The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Potato Virus X and Its Homologies at the Amino Acid Level with Various Plus-stranded RNA Viruses (1988)

Double-stranded cDNA of potato virus X (PVX) genomic RNA has been cloned and sequenced. The sequence [6435 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tract] revealed five open reading frames (ORFs) which were numbered one to five starting at the 5' terminus of the RNA. They encoded proteins of Mr 165588 (166K), 24622 (25K), 12324 (12K), 7595 (8K) and 25080 (coat protein), respectively. ORFs 1 and 2 were inphase coding regions. The ORF 1 product contained domains of homology with the tobacco mosaic virus 126K and 183K products. The ORF 2 and 3 products showed homologies with the barley stripe mosaic virus 58K and 14K proteins, the beet necrotic yellow vein virus 42K and 13K products and the white clover mosaic virus 26K and 13K products, respectively. The significance of these homologies with respect to putative functions of the PVX-encoded proteins are discussed.
Dramatic Switching of Protein Kinase C Agonist/Antagonist Activity by Modifying the 12-Ester Side Chain of Phorbol Esters (2002)

A dramatic switching of PKC agonist and antagonist activity was observed by modification of the hydrophilicity of the 12-ester side chain of phorbol. Thus, phorbol ester 4 that contains a glycol at the 12-ester chain demonstrated a pure and significant antagonist ability of PKC; however, 3 that contains an alkanol at the 12-ester chain demonstrated a potent PKC agonist activity. On the basis of the structural difference between 3 and 4 and results of the partition assay in the Hela cell/PBS buffer system, we propose that 4 acts as a translocation poison of the PKC-phorbol ester complex. The approach of controlling the agonist/antagonist activity of phorbol esters by the nature (i.e., hydrophilicity, charge, and rigidity, etc.) of the 12-ester chain may be very useful for developing selective PKC inhibitors and a potential pharmaceutical compound for anticancer therapies.
GFAP Versus S100B in Serum after Traumatic Brain Injury: Relationship to Brain Damage and Outcome (2004)

Research indicates that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), part of the astroglial skeleton, could be a marker of traumatic brain injury (TBI). S100B, an astroglial protein, is an acknowledged marker of TBI. Our goal was to analyze the relationship of GFAP/S100B to brain damage and outcome, and to compare the accuracy of GFAP/S100B for prediction of mortality after TBI. Our prospective study included 92 patients admitted <12 h after TBI (median injury severity score 25, median Glasgow Coma Scale 6). TBI was verfied by computerized tomography. GFAP/S100B were measured immunoluminometrically at admission and daily in the intensive care unit (average 10 days, range 1-21 days). We compared GFAP/S100B in non-survivors versus survivors, accuracy for mortality prediction according to receiver operated characteristic curve analysis, correlation between GFAP and S100B, relationship of GFAP/S100B to computerized tomography, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and 3-month Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). GFAP (p < 0.005) and S100B (p < 0.0005) were higher in non-survivors than survivors. Both GFAP and S100B were accurate for mortality prediction (area under curve 0.84 versus 0.78 at <12 h after TBI). GFAP and S100B release correlated better later than 36 h after TBI (r = 0.75) than earlier (r = 0.58). GFAP was lower in focal lesions of <25 mL than in shifts of >0.5 cm (p < 0.0005) and non-evacuated mass lesions of >25 mL (p < 0.005). S100B was lower in focal lesions of <25 mL than in non-evacuated mass lesions (p < 0.0005) and lower in swelling than in shifts of >0.5 cm (p < 0.005). GFAP and S100B were lower in ICP < 25 than ICP > or = 25 (p < 0.0005), in CPP > or = 60 than CPP < 60 (p < 0.0005), in MAP > 70 than MAP < or = 70 mm Hg, and in GOS 4-5 than GOS 1 (p < 0.0005). Both measurement of GFAP and S100B is a useful non-invasive means of identifying brain damage with some differences based on the pattern of TBI and accompanying multiple trauma and/or shock.
The t(X;7)(q22;q34) in paediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia results in overexpression of the insulin receptor substrate 4 gene through illegitimate recombination with the T‐cell receptor beta locus (2008)

The t(X;7)(q22;q34), a translocation not previously reported in a neoplastic disorder, was identified and molecularly characterised in a paediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL), subsequently shown also to harbour a deletion of 6q, a STIL/TAL1 fusion and an activating NOTCH1 mutation. The t(X;7) was further investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) and Western blot analyses. FISH revealed a breakpoint at the T-cell receptor beta locus at 7q34 and mapped the corresponding breakpoint to Xq22.3. The latter region contains only two known genes, namely insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS4) and collagen, type IV, alpha 5 (COL4A5), the expressions of which were analysed by the use of RQ-PCR. COL4A5 was not differentially expressed in the t(X;7)-positive sample compared to five T-ALL controls. However, a marked, 1000-fold overexpression of IRS4 was identified. Western blot analysis with a monoclonal antibody against IRS4 showed overexpression also at the protein level. Considering that forced expression of several members of the IRS family has been shown to result in increased cell proliferation, for example in haematopoietic cells, we hypothesise that the IRS4 up-regulation in T-ALL is pathogenetically important as a mitogenic stimulus.
Acetaminophen, Aspirin, or Ibuprofen in Combination Analgesic Products (2001)

Pain of multiple etiologies remains a substantial problem for many patients presenting in the clinical setting. Improved pain relief can be demonstrated, and adverse effects minimized, by multimodal analgesic combinations as the method to improve pain treatment. Substantial evidence supports combining analgesics for the management of pain and, in some instances, they have a heterogeneous pharmacologic sparing effect. Fixed-dose combination analgesics with demonstrated efficacy and safety are widely useful for pain management. However, work needs to continue to further explore which analgesics at which doses can be combined with a coanalgesic in a patient-specific manner to achieve additive, if not synergistic, multimodal pain relief with the fewest possible adverse consequences. Unsupervised consumption of over-the-counter drugs that contain acetaminophen, aspirin, or ibuprofen offers clinical challenges to both the patient and health care providers. Couple this often undisclosed over-the-counter medication consumption event with prescription medications, which many contain similar combination ingredients, and the potential for a therapeutic misadventure may precipitate. This article will address the safety and efficacy of acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen independently and in combination with currently available prescription dosage forms with a focus on pharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics, including drug interactions at the CYP450 system. Patient-specific cautions are presented for opiate/opioid combinations, codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and propoxyphene, and there is a discussion of COX I/COX II agents.
Quantitative functional imaging by dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US) in patients with GIST treated by thyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) (2008)

10552 Background: To determine the best quantitative parameters of DCE-US for predicting the early functional response at D1, D7, D15 in GIST treated by TKI and to compare to the Pet-CT performed at 1 month. Methods: Twenty patients were treated by a targeted treatment AB1010 in phase II. DCE-US was performed before treatment and at 1, 7, 15 days, 1, 2 months and every 2 months. Contrast uptake was acquired using VRI perfusion software after SonoVue (Bracco) bolus injection. Time-intensity curves (TIC) were determined using linear raw-data from CHI-Q (Toshiba) software. Seven parameters were extracted from the modelized TICs: peak intensity, areas under the curve, under the wash-in, under the wash-out, (corresponding all to the blood volume), time to peak intensity, slope of the wash- in (both corresponding to the blood flow), mean transit time. CT ( RECIST) were performed before treatment and at 2 months and every 2 months. Pet-CT were performed before and at 1 month in 14 patients. The variation was estimated between D0 and D1, D7, D15 for each functional DCE-US parameter. A non parametric sum-rank test was used to test the significance of the variation. Results: Twenty patients were included with a maximal follow-up of 30 months. Nineteen patients were treated at least 1 year. A total of 221 DCE-US were performed. At D 15, 5 parameters were significantly modified: AUC (p=0.004), area under the wash-in (p=0.002), area under the wash-out (p=0.002), time to peak intensity (p=0.005), slope of the wash-in (p=0.003). Among the 14 patients evaluated by Pet-CT, only 11 have a tumoral fixation. Among these, at 1 month: no modification of SUV was found in 4 patients (PFS < 18 months), and SUV was normalized in 7 patients (PFS >18 months). The functional parameters by DCE-US correlated to the blood volume were modified at D7 (increased and decreased for 4 and 7 patients, respectively). Conclusions: This study allows us to determine 5 relevant quantitative functional parameters calculating by DCE-US to early evaluate the targeted treatment in GIST at D15. The decrease of 3 parameters at D7 was able to predict the response on Pet-Ct at 1 month. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Location and Navigation Support for Emergency Responders: A Survey (2009)

As this overview of products and projects shows, preinstalled location systems, wireless sensor networks, and inertial sensing all have benefits and drawbacks when considering emergency response requirements.
Feasibility of Remote Real-Time Guidance of a Cardiac Examination Performed by Novices Using a Pocket-Sized Ultrasound Device (2013)

Background. The potential of pocket-sized ultrasound devices (PUDs) to improve global healthcare delivery is limited by the lack of a suitable imaging protocol and trained users. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility of performing a brief, evidence-based cardiac limited ultrasound exam (CLUE) through wireless guidance of novice users. Methods. Three trainees applied PUDs on 27 subjects while directed by an off-site cardiologist to obtain a CLUE to screen for LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD), LA enlargement (LAE), ultrasound lung comets (ULC+), and elevated CVP (eCVP). Real-time remote audiovisual guidance and interpretation by the cardiologist were performed using the iPhone 4/iPod (FaceTime, Apple, Inc.) attached to the PUD and transmitted data wirelessly. Accuracy and technical quality of transmitted images were compared to on-site, gold-standard echo thresholds. Results. Novice versus sonographer imaging yielded technically adequate views in 122/135 (90%) versus 130/135 (96%) (P < 0.05). CLUE's combined SN, SP, and ACC were 0.67, 0.96, and 0.90. Technical adequacy (%) and accuracy for each abnormality (n) were LVSD (85%, 0.93, n = 5), LAE (89%, 0.74, n = 16), ULC+ (100%, 0.94, n = 5), and eCVP (78%, 0.91, n = 1). Conclusion. A novice can perform the CLUE using PUD when wirelessly guided by an expert. This method could facilitate PUD use for off-site bedside medical decision making and triaging of patients.
Incidence of toxicAeromonasisolated from food and human infection (2002)

One hundred and ninety four Aeromonas isolates (99 from food and 95 from clinical sources) were analyzed as to the species involved and the toxins produced. Of the clinical isolates of Aeromonas, 29.4% were enterotoxigenic, 43.1% were hemolytic and 89% were cytotoxigenic. Among the food isolates, 18.2% were enterotoxigenic, 17.1% were hemolytic and 72.7% were cytotoxigenic. Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas veronii produced more enterotoxin and cytotoxin than the other isolates, whereas A. veronii and Aeromonas salmonicida produced cell-free hemolysin. Most of the isolates produced cytotoxins (81%) active on Vero (green monkey kidney) and Chinese hamster ovary cells, but only the culture supernatant of A. sobria produced vacuolation in these cell lines.