gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FlowMap: an optimal technology mapping algorithm for delay optimization in lookup-table based FPGA designs (1994)

The field programmable gate-array (FPGA) has become an important technology in VLSI ASIC designs. In the past few years, a number of heuristic algorithms have been proposed for technology mapping in lookup-table (LUT) based FPGA designs, but none of them guarantees optimal solutions for general Boolean networks and little is known about how far their solutions are away from the optimal ones. This paper presents a theoretical breakthrough which shows that the LUT-based FPGA technology mapping problem for depth minimization can be solved optimally in polynomial time. A key step in our algorithm is to compute a minimum height K-feasible cut in a network, which is solved optimally in polynomial time based on network flow computation. Our algorithm also effectively minimizes the number of LUT's by maximizing the volume of each cut and by several post-processing operations. Based on these results, we have implemented an LUT-based FPGA mapping package called FlowMap. We have tested FlowMap on a large set of benchmark examples and compared it with other LUT-based FPGA mapping algorithms for delay optimization, including Chortle-d, MIS-pga-delay, and DAG-Map. FlowMap reduces the LUT network depth by up to 7% and reduces the number of LUT's by up to 50% compared to the three previous methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Breathing life into shape (2014)

Modeling how the human body deforms during breathing is important for the realistic animation of lifelike 3D avatars. We learn a model of body shape deformations due to breathing for different breathing types and provide simple animation controls to render lifelike breathing regardless of body shape. We capture and align high-resolution 3D scans of 58 human subjects. We compute deviations from each subject's mean shape during breathing, and study the statistics of such shape changes for different genders, body shapes, and breathing types. We use the volume of the registered scans as a proxy for lung volume and learn a novel non-linear model relating volume and breathing type to 3D shape deformations and pose changes. We then augment a SCAPE body model so that body shape is determined by identity, pose, and the parameters of the breathing model. These parameters provide an intuitive interface with which animators can synthesize 3D human avatars with realistic breathing motions. We also develop a novel interface for animating breathing using a spirometer , which measures the changes in breathing volume of a "breath actor".
Current Completion Practices in Tight Reservoirs (1977)

Webster, Kale, Member SPE-AIME Abstract This paper describes the current completion methods being used in "tight" or low permeability reservoirs of the Austin Chalk, Canyon Sand and Morrow Sand. Formation damage has been a major consideration in all of these reservoirs and has strongly influenced the drilling mud, testing, cementing, perforating and stimulation. All of these factors influence the completion practices and are described for each reservoir. practices and are described for each reservoir. The Austin Chalk in the Pearsall Field is often described as producing from natural fractures. The method of finding these fractures includes coring, logging, and in some cases slant hole drilling through the pay section to intersect more of the fractures. Three basic fracturing fluids and methods have been used to treat the Austin Chalk and the average treatment now costs $35,000. The Canyon Sands of Sutton and Ozona Counties, Texas are air or gas drilled. Most of the wells are fracture treated using the ball sealer multistage and gelled water technique or a gelled weak acid and limited entry. CO2 is used in many of the gelled acid treatments which include non-emulsifiers, iron stabilizers and KCL to prevent clay swelling. Most of the Morrow Sand wells of eastern New Mexico are drilled with very low water loss muds, drill stem tested and then cemented with low water loss cement using KCL in the water to prevent cement filtrage damage to the formation. The most common method of perforating is through tubing with a differential into the wellbore. Some wells are completed natural but most respond to a small acid "clean-up" treatment. Data from a study of field results are included in the paper. Many of the completion problems paper. Many of the completion problems attributed to formation damage were due to poorly developed porosity and permeability poorly developed porosity and permeability often associated with edge wells. This means well cost could be substantially reduced by re-evaluating the mud, casing, tubing and stimulation programs.
HBED: A Potential Alternative to Deferoxamine for Iron-Chelating Therapy (1998)

To examine the potential clinical usefulness of the hexadentate phenolic aminocarboxylate iron chelator N, N-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N-diacetic acid (HBED) for the chronic treatment of transfusional iron overload, we compared the iron excretion induced by subcutaneous (SC) injection of HBED and deferoxamine (DFO), the reference chelator, in rodents and primates. In the non-iron-overloaded, bile-duct-cannulated rat, a single SC injection of HBED, 150 micromol/kg, resulted in a net iron excretion that was more than threefold greater than that after the same dose of DFO. In the iron-loaded Cebus apella monkey, a single SC injection of HBED, 150 micromol/kg, produced a net iron excretion that was more than twice that observed after the same dose of SC DFO. In patients with transfusional iron overload, SC injections of HBED may provide a much needed alternative to the use of prolonged parenteral infusions of DFO.
Compressing and companding high dynamic range images with subband architectures (2005)

High dynamic range (HDR) imaging is an area of increasing importance, but most display devices still have limited dynamic range (LDR). Various techniques have been proposed for compressing the dynamic range while retaining important visual information. Multi-scale image processing techniques, which are widely used for many image processing tasks, have a reputation of causing halo artifacts when used for range compression. However, we demonstrate that they can work when properly implemented. We use a symmetrical analysis-synthesis filter bank, and apply local gain control to the subbands. We also show that the technique can be adapted for the related problem of "companding", in which an HDR image is converted to an LDR image, and later expanded back to high dynamic range.
Overcoming the Problem of Loss-in-Capacity of Calcium Oxide in CO2Capture (2006)

Calcium oxide has been identified to be one of the best candidates for CO2 capture in zero-emission power-generation systems. However, it suffers a well-known problem of loss-in-capacity (i.e., its capacity of CO2 capture decreases after it undergoes cycles of carbonation/decarbonation). This problem is a potential obstacle to the adoption of the new technologies. This paper proposes a method of fabricating a CaO-based adsorbent without the problem of loss-in-capacity. An adsorbent was fabricated using the method and tested on a thermogravimetric analyzer. It was shown that the sorbent attained a utilization efficiency of more than 90% after 9 cycles of carbonation/decarbonation.
Spatial organization of the epithelium and the role of neural crest cells in the initiation of the mammalian tooth germ (1988)

Teeth develop from composite organ rudiments that are formed through the interaction of oral epithelium and mesenchyme of the first branchial arch; cells of the former differentiate into enamel-secreting ameloblasts whereas those of the latter differentiate into dentine-secreting odontoblasts. Experimental analysis of odontogenic tissue interactions in mammalian embryos has focused on the late developmental stages of morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation; little is known about initial pattern-forming events, during which presumptive tooth-forming cells are specified and the sites of tooth initiation become established. It requires to be shown, for example, whether the mesenchymal cells of mammalian teeth are derived, like those of amphibians, from the cranial neural crest, and if so, whether these form a specified subpopulation in the neural folds. Alternatively, are they specified after migration into the mandibular arch, possibly by interaction with the oral epithelium? The developmental potentials of mouse embryo premigratory cranial neural crest cells (CNC - explanted from the caudal mesencephalic and rostral metencephalic neural folds) have been studied in intraocular homograft recombinations with various regions of embryonic surface ectoderm. Cartilage, bone and neural tissue developed in all combinations of CNC and epithelium. Teeth formed in combinations of CNC with mandibular arch epithelium but not in combinations of CNC with limb bud epithelium. Teeth also formed in combinations of mandibular arch epithelium with neural crest explanted from the trunk level. These results indicate that mammalian neural crest has an odontogenic potential but that this is not restricted to the crest of presumptive tooth-forming levels. Normal migration appears not to be a prerequisite for expression of odontogenic potential but this does require an interaction with region-specific epithelium. It is reasonable to infer that during normal development the neural crest that enters the mandibular arch is odontogenically unspecified before or during migration and that the oral epithelium is the earliest known site of tooth pattern.
Selection and Isolation of Cells for Optimal Growth in Hollow Fiber Bioreactors (2000)

Growth of a murine hybridoma in a hollow fiber microbioreactor was poor. This corresponded to slow initial growth in the Maximizer, a pilot scale hollow fiber bioreactor system. Medium screening experiments with the microbioreactor demonstrated that the slow growth was due to dialysis of low molecular weight serum components (under about 10 kDa) from the cell side of the fibers to the basal medium on the noncell side of the fibers. Better growth can be achieved by adding serum to both sides of the fibers, but this is an expensive option. As an alternative, the microbioreactor was used to select for a population of cells that did not require serum on both sides of the fiber for optimal growth. From this population, a stable subclone was isolated using limiting dilution followed by growth assessment in microbioreactors. The subclone was cultured in the Maximizer under conditions identical to the parental cell line. The subclone reached confluency in about 9 days compared with about 16 days for the parental cell line. At confluency, the subclone produced antibody at twice the rate of the parental cell line. These results demonstrate that the microbioreactor is a useful tool for quickly isolating subclones that are better suited for growth in a hollow fiber bioreactor.
Clinical development methodology for infusion‐related reactions with monoclonal antibodies (2015)

Infusion‐related reactions (IRRs) are common with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and timely related to drug administration and have been reported as anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid reactions and cytokine release syndrome, among other terms used. We address risk management measures for individual patients and for the study and propose a consistent reporting approach in an attempt to allow cross‐molecule comparisons. Once the symptoms of IRR have resolved, the mAb may be restarted. Rechallenge should not be done for suspected IgE‐mediated anaphylaxis and Grade 4 IRRs. Management of IRRs for subsequent patients includes administration of premedication, which, however, does not prevent IgE‐mediated anaphylaxis. Reporting approach: (1) Report as IRRs, reactions occurring during or within 24 h after an infusion. Negative skin Prick test and absent or undetectable allergen‐specific IgE levels have high negative predictive value for an IgE‐mediated allergic reaction. If IgE‐mediated anaphylaxis is suspected based on medical history and/or laboratory test results, the reaction should be reported as suspected (IgE mediated) anaphylaxis. (2) Collect signs and symptoms with grades to allow characterization of IRRs. IRRs pathogenesis is of scientific interest and has impact on drug development. Animal toxicology studies are neither predictive of severe IRRs nor of anaphylaxis in human. Preclinical tests should be further developed to identify patients at risk for severe IRRs, for complement activation‐related pseudoallergy and for IgE‐mediated anaphylaxis. The proposed approach should help standardizing data collection and analysis of IRRs in an attempt to enable comparisons across molecules.
Solid‐state chemical stability of proteins and peptides (1999)

Peptide and protein drugs are often formulated in the solid-state to provide stabilization during storage. However, reactions can occur in the solid-state, leading to degradation and inactivation of these agents. This review summarizes the major chemical reactions affecting proteins and peptides in the solid-state: deamidation, peptide bond cleavage, oxidation, the Maillard reaction, beta-elimination, and dimerization/aggregation. Physical and chemical factors influencing these reactions are also discussed. These include temperature, moisture content, excipients, and the physical state of the formulation (amorphous vs crystalline). The review is intended to serve as an aid for those involved in formulation, and to stimulate further research on the determinants of peptide and protein reactivity in the solid-state.
Non‐A/Non‐B hepatitis in experimentally infected chimpanzees: cross‐challenge and electron microscopic studies (1980)

Inoculation of eight chimpanzees with factor VIII, factor IX, or "H" strain plasma resulted in enzymatic and histopathologic evidence of non-A/non-B hepatitis in all eight animals. Challenge of two chimpanzees convalescent from factor VIII-induced disease with either factor IX or "H" strain plasma resulted in non-A/non-B hepatitis only in the animal inoculated with factor IX materials. Reciprocal cross-challenge of a chimpanzee convalescent from factor IX-induced disease with factor VIII also produced unequivocal enzymatic and histopathologic evidence of non-A/non-B hepatitis. Cross-challenge of a chimpanzee convalescent from "H" strain-induced non-A/non-B hepatitis with factor VII did not cause a second bout of non-A/non-B hepatitis. These findings suggest the factor VIII materials and "H" strain plasma used in these studies share a common etiologic agent (or agents), but that factor VIII and factor IX may contain two distinct agents. Electron microscopic (EM) examination of thin-sectioned, acute-phase liver biopsies from all but one of the chimpanzees receiving the primary inocula revealed the presence of abnormal hepatocyte cytoplasmic structures previously shown to be associated with non-A/non-B hepatitis. Crystalline structure containing 25 to 30 nm particles were visualized by EM in the cytoplasm of endothelial or Kupffer cells in acute-phase liver biopsies obtained from three chimpanzees inoculated with either factor VIII materials or "H" strain plasma.
Knowledge-Intensive Query Processing. (1998)

Theorem Prover, GKB-Editor -- Generic KB Editor, HIKE -- form-based GUI, OKBC -- Open Knowledge Base Connectivity, Ontolingua -- Knowledge Server, SKC -- Scalable Knowledge Composition, SNARK -- SRI&amp;apos;s New Automated Reasoning Kit, SPOOK -- System for Probabilistic Object-Oriented Knowledge semiformal representation language that supports the description of terms in a representation language that is an extension of the Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF) [GF92], browsing and retrieval of ontologies, and facilities for translating ontologies into multiple representation languages. Question answering is supported by multiple reasoning methods. SNARK is a first order theorem prover [SWL + 94]. SPOOK is a reasoner based on Bayes nets [KP97]. When answers are returned by multiple reasoning methods or by using alternative knowledge sources, the answers should be ranked before being presented to the user. Such a ranking will be done by SKC [WG95]. SKC is not yet a part of our system and will b...
Ion-selective monolayer membranes based upon self-assembling tetradentate ligand monolayers on gold electrodes. 3. Application as selective ion sensors (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon-selective monolayer membranes based upon self-assembling tetradentate ligand monolayers on gold electrodes. 3. Application as selective ion sensorsSuzi Steinberg and Israel RubinsteinCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 4, 1183–1187Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00040a027https://doi.org/10.1021/la00040a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-contrast atherosclerosis characterization (MATCH) of carotid plaque with a single 5-min scan: technical development and clinical feasibility (2014)

To the best of our knowledge, the proposed MATCH sequence is the first 3D CMR technique that acquires spatially co-registered multi-contrast image sets in a single scan for characterization of carotid plaque composition. Our pilot clinical study suggests that the MATCH-based protocol may outperform the conventional multi-contrast protocol in several respects. With further technical improvements and large-scale clinical validation, MATCH has the potential to become a CMR method for assessing the risk of plaque disruption in a clinical workup.
Successful Progressive Anticoagulation in a Severe Protein C Deficiency and Previous Skin Necrosis at the Initiation of Oral Anticoagulant Treatment (1984)

La necrose de la peau est une complication rare des anticoagulants oraux. Une observation confirme le role propose de la deficience de proteine C dans le mecanisme de la necrose de la peau, au stade initial du traitement anticoagulant oral. Elle montre de plus que les coumariniques peuvent etre mal toleres chez les malades avec une forme grave de deficience congenitale de proteine C. L'administration combinee de doses progressivement croissantes d'un anticoagulant oral d'action prolongee et d'heparine a des doses therapeutiques pourrait entrainer une anticoagulation stable sans complication
Behavioural signs of depression and apoptosis in the limbic system following myocardial infarction: effects of sertraline (2008)

Depression is diagnosed in 15-30% of patients following myocardial infarction (MI) and this may also be observed in the rat. We measured the effects of the antidepressant sertraline on behavioural and biochemical events following MI in a rat model. Following surgery, MI rats and sham controls were treated with sertraline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline. Subgroups of rats were tested for behavioural depression 14 days after surgery. Apoptosis was estimated in other rats by measuring caspase-3 activity and TUNEL positive cells (3 days after surgery) in limbic structures (amygdale, hippocampus, hypothalamus, frontal and prefrontal cortices). Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was measured 14 days after surgery. Behavioural signs of depression (decreased sucrose intake and forced swimming time) were found in saline-treated MI rats but not in sertraline-treated rats. Compared with controls, caspase-3 activity and TUNEL positive cells were significantly increased in most limbic structures of MI rats. High prefrontal Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in MI rats correlated with low forced swimming time. Apoptosis was not found in sertraline-treated MI rats. These results establish the bases of a rat model of depression following MI and show for the first time that a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prevents both behavioural and biochemical markers in this model.
Use of the polymerase chain reaction in the quantitation of MDR-1 gene expression (1990)

The ability of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to quantitate expression of mRNA was examined in the present study. The model chosen was expression of the multidrug resistance gene mdr-1/Pgp in two colon carcinoma cell lines which express mdr-1/Pgp at levels comparable to those found in many clinical samples. PCR was utilized to evaluate differences in mdr-1/Pgp expression in the two cell lines after modulation by sodium butyrate. Thus, comparisons were made across a range of mdr-1/Pgp expression as well as comparisons of small differences. The PCR was found to be both sensitive and quantitative. Accurate quantitation requires demonstration of an exponential range which varies among samples. The exponential range can be determined by carrying out the PCR for a fixed number of cycles on serial dilutions of the RNA reverse transcription product, or by performing the reaction with a varying number of cycles on a fixed quantity of cDNA. By quantitation of the difference in PCR product derived from a given amount of RNA from the sodium butyrate treated and untreated cells, the difference in mRNA expression between samples can be determined. Normalization of the results can be achieved by independent amplification of a control gene, such as beta 2-microglobulin, when the latter is also evaluated in the exponential range. Simultaneous amplification of the control and target genes results in lower levels of PCR products due to competition, which varies from sample to sample. The PCR is thus a labor-intensive but sensitive method of quantitating gene expression in small samples of RNA.
On model-based clustering of video scenes using scenelets (2003)

We propose in this paper a model-based approach to clustering video scenes based on scenelets. We define a video scenelet as a short consecutive sample of frames of a video sequence. The approach makes use of an unsupervised method to represent scenelets of a video with a concise Gaussian mixture model and cluster them into different video scenes according to their visual similarities. In particular the expectation-maximization algorithm is employed to estimate the unknown model parameters, and Bayesian information criterion is used to determine the optimal number and model of scene clusters in a principled manner. This approach is fundamentally different from many existing video clustering methods, as it does not require explicit knowledge of shot boundaries. Instead, the shot boundaries can also be obtained as a by-product of the scene clustering process. The proposed methods have been tested with various types of sports videos and promising results are reported in this paper.