gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The starch‐binding domain from glucoamylase disrupts the structure of starch (1999)

The full-length glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger, G1, consists of an N-terminal catalytic domain followed by a semi-rigid linker (which together constitute the G2 form) and a C-terminal starch-binding domain (SBD). G1 and G2 both liberate glucose from insoluble corn starch, although G2 has a rate 80 times slower than G1. Following pre-incubation of the starch with SBD, the activity of G1 is uniformly reduced with increasing concentrations of SBD because of competition for binding sites. However, increasing concentrations of SBD produce an initial increase in the catalytic rate of G2, followed by a decrease at higher SBD concentrations. The results show that SBD has two functions: it binds to the starch, but it also disrupts the surface, thereby enhancing the amylolytic rate.
Oral retinoid for psoriasis. A report of a double blind study. (1979)

Oral administration of an aromatic retinoid has a marked beneficial effect on psoriasis and does not produce significant changes in liver function or the blood count when given at a dose of 25 mgm three times a day for six weeks. This effect does not occur unless the drug has produced dermatological side-effects and this may inhibit its future acceptance but the present findings indicate that, at least in the less developed parts of the world where many Western treatments are unacceptable for various reasons, oral retinoids are a useful and relatively safe addition to the present range of medications available for psoriasis.
Genome‐wide identification of small RNA targets based on target enrichment and microarray hybridizations (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are two classes of abundant 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs (smRNAs) that control gene expression in plants, mainly by guiding cleavage and degradation of target transcripts. Target identification based on predictive algorithms for base-paired complementarity requires further experimental validation and often fails to recognize miRNA::target pairs that escape from stringent complementarity rules. Here, we report on a microarray-based methodology to identify target mRNAs of miRNAs and siRNAs at a genomic scale. This strategy takes advantage of the RNA ligase-mediated amplification of 5' cDNA ends (RLM-RACE) to isolate miRNA or siRNA cleavage products from biological samples. Cleaved transcripts are then subjected to T7 RNA polymerase-mediated amplification and microarray hybridizations. The use of suitable hybridization controls is what makes our strategy outperform previous analyses. We applied this method and identified more than 100 putative novel miRNA or siRNA target mRNAs that had not been previously predicted by computational or microarray-based methods. Our data expand the regulatory role of endogenous smRNAs to a wide range of cellular processes, with prevalence in the regulation of cellular solute homeostasis. The methodology described here is straightforward, avoids extensive computational analysis and allows simultaneous analyses of several biological replicates, thus reducing the biological variability inherent in genomic analysis. The application of this simple methodology offers a framework for systematic analysis of smRNA-guided cleaved transcriptomes in different plant tissues, genotypes or stress conditions, and should contribute to understanding of the physiological role of smRNAs in plants.
Tumor-specific CD4+ Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes (2012)

Adoptive cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate objective and durable tumor regressions in patients with metastatic melanoma. CD8+ tumor-reactive TIL are well studied in humans and animals, yet the function of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T lymphocytes in patient treatments remains controversial. We recently demonstrated that CD4+ TILs are not necessary for objective responses in patients. Coinfusion with tumor-specific CD4 TIL may enhance or increase the durability of tumor regressions, but the number of patients with tumor-reactive CD4 TIL is unknown. We screened 44 CD8+-depleted TIL for in vitro reactivity against autologous tumor. Nine (20%) showed specific reactivity by interferon-γ release assay, of which 8 were specifically blocked by an anti-HLA-DR antibody. Flow-cytometric analysis of these reactive TIL confirmed a high CD4+ composition (median 89%). Highlighting the contribution of CD4+ TIL to tumor regression, a patient with widespread metastatic disease was administered TIL containing HLA class II-restricted tumor activity with high-dose interleukin-2 therapy after lymphodepletion that mediated regression of extensive metastatic disease in the liver and spleen. These results demonstrate that at least 20% of metastatic melanomas contain CD4+ lymphocytes with specific tumor recognition and suggest a possible role for CD4+ cells in the effectiveness of adoptive cell therapy.
SpeedTracer: A Web usage mining and analysis tool (1998)

SpeedTracer, a World Wide Web usage mining and analysis tool, was developed to understand user surfing behavior by exploring the Web server log files with data mining techniques. As the popularity of the Web has exploded, there is a strong desire to understand user surfing behavior. However, it is difficult to perform user-oriented data mining and analysis directly on the server log files because they tend to be ambiguous and incomplete. With innovative algorithms, SpeedTracer first identifies user sessions by reconstructing user traversal paths. It does not require “cookies” or user registration for session identification. User privacy is protected. Once user sessions are identified, data mining algorithms are then applied to discover the most common traversal paths and groups of pages frequently visited together. Important user browsing patterns are manifested through the frequent traversal paths and page groups, helping the understanding of user surfing behavior. Three types of reports are prepared: user-based reports, path-based reports and group-based reports. In this paper, we describe the design of SpeedTracer and demonstrate some of its features with a few sample reports.
Efficacy of rhizobacteria for growth promotion in sorghum under greenhouse conditions and selected modes of action studies (2008)

SUMMARY The screening of rhizobacteria for growth promotion of sorghum ( Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) was conducted under greenhouse conditions for a total of 78 bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of sorghum in Ethiopia, and 86 isolates from the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of grasses in South Africa. Three isolates from Ethiopia, all identified as Bacillus cereus , enhanced growth promotion by resulting in statistically significant increases in at least five parameters. Of these, B. cereus (KBE7-8) resulted in significant increase in shoot and root biomass. Among effective isolates from South Africa, B. cereus (NAS4-3) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (KBS9-B) showed significant increases in all the parameters measured. The isolates which resulted in significant growth promotion colonized the roots effectively with a count up to ⩾10 8 cfu/g. In the study conducted to elucidate the possible modes of action by these effective isolates, indole 3-acetic acid-like substances were detected in culture filtrates of the isolates ranging from 4·2 μg/ml by Serratia marcescens (KBS9-R) to 22·8 μg/ml by B. cereus (KBS5-H) in the presence of 2 mg tryptophan/g nutrient broth solution. Higher rates of solubilization of tricalcium phosphate on Pikovskaya agar medium were shown by Chryseomonas luteola (KBS5-F), S. marcescens (KBS6-H) and B. cereus (KBE9-1). There is very limited knowledge of the use of rhizobacteria in agriculture in Ethiopia and South Africa. The current study therefore generates valuable information towards application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as alternatives to chemical fertilizers.
Adhesion domain of human T11 (CD2) is encoded by a single exon. (1988)

The 50-kDa T11 (CD2) T-lymphocyte surface glycoprotein facilitates physical adhesion between T-lineage cells and their cognate cellular counterparts (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes-target cells, helper T lymphocytes-antigen-presenting cells, or thymocytes-thymic epithelium) as well as signaling through the antigen-specific T3-Ti receptor complex. To examine the relationship between the structure and function of the T11 molecule, we have utilized a baculoviral expression system to produce milligram quantities of the hydrophilic extracellular T11 segment. Enzyme cleavage, microsequencing, and HPLC analyses of the expressed protein in conjunction with genomic cloning information show that the domain involved in cellular adhesion is encoded by a single 321-base-pair exon.
Fecal fat determination with a modified titration method (2010)

The modified method is reliable and robust and minimizes the aesthetical problems associated with fecal fat determination.
Better Neutralization of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Than HSV-2 by Antibody From Recipients of GlaxoSmithKline HSV-2 Glycoprotein D2 Subunit Vaccine (2014)

The Herpevac Trial evaluated a herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D (gD2) subunit vaccine to prevent genital herpes. Unexpectedly, the vaccine protected against genital HSV-1 infection but not genital HSV-2 infection. We evaluated sera from 30 women seronegative for HSV-1 and HSV-2 who were immunized with gD2 in the Herpevac Trial. Neutralizing antibody titers to HSV-1 were 3.5-fold higher than those to HSV-2 (P < .001). HSV-2 gC2 and gE2 on the virus blocked neutralization by gD2 antibody, while HSV-1 gC1 and gE1 did not block neutralization by gD2 antibody. The higher neutralizing antibody titers to HSV-1 offer an explanation for the Herpevac results, and shielding neutralizing domains provides a potential mechanism.
Quality of life and hematocrit level. (1992)

As the anemia that accompanies chronic renal failure (CRF) is successfully treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin), striking improvements in overall quality of life have been noted in several clinical studies of patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. A review of available clinical data has shown that, following epoetin therapy, peak oxygen consumption, a principal indicator of exercise ability, increased by approximately 50% as the hematocrit level increased. Following epoetin therapy in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) increased significantly and correlated well with increases in hemoglobin concentrations. Increased exercise capacity associated with the reversal of anemia appeared to positively effect many quality-of-life parameters. Analysis of questionnaires incorporating both subjective and objective quality-of-life indicators showed significant improvements between baseline and follow-up periods. Many patients experienced relief from some of the debilitating symptoms of anemia and many had significantly improved functional ability. Higher activity and energy levels were reflected in enhanced emotional and social well-being, with improvements noted in appetite, sleeping behavior, and sexual function. There was no change in the employment status of most patients. The extent of improvement in overall quality of life may be a function of the baseline level of impairment and the potential for reversal. However, baseline capabilities at rest may not be appropriate for physiologic studies.
Etching properties of Pt thin films by inductively coupled plasma (1998)

The inductively coupled plasma etching of platinum with Ar/Cl2 gas chemistries is described. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to investigate the chemical binding states of the etched surface with various Ar/(Ar+Cl2) mixing ratios. Atomic percentage of Cl element increases with increasing Ar/(Ar+Cl2) mixing ratio with the exception of Ar/(Ar+Cl2) mixing ratio of 1. At the same time, the peaks that seem to be subchlorinated Pt at XPS narrow scan spectra are found and Cl–Pt bonds rapidly increase at Ar/(Ar+Cl2) mixing ratio of 0.62. Quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) is used to examine the variations of plasma characteristics with various Ar/Cl2 gas chemistries. QMS results show that Cl2 molecules are converted to Cl radicals with adding Ar gas to Cl2 plasma. QMS results support the increased atomic percentages of Cl elements on the etched Pt surface. Single Langmuir probe measures ion current density with various Ar/Cl2 gas plasma. Ion current densities are used to investigate the ion bombardment effects on the etched surface. Thin film thickness measuring system, scanning electron microscope and a four-point probe are used to extract the Pt etching characteristics. The maximum etch rate of Pt is approximately 140 nm/min at the Ar/(Ar+Cl2) mixing ratio of 0.9. These results are consistent with XPS, QMS, and Langmuir probe data.
Autologous umbilical cord blood transfusion. (1995)

The purpose of this study was to examine some aspects of umbilical cord blood collection for autologous transfusion in premature infants. All 120 microbacterial cultures (aerobic and anaerobic) of cord blood samples as well as 30 cultures of mycoplasma were treated. Cord prothrombin fragment (F 1 + 2) concentrations were quantified at one and 10 minutes after clamping of the cord. F 1 + 2 concentrations assessed on 25 newborn infants were similar and no linear association with time of clamping could be drawn. This means that cord blood thrombosis is not activated for at least 10 minutes following clamping of the cord. As far as is known, the first newborn infant to benefit from this method of transfusion is reported here. The premature infant received two portions of autologous blood (on days 5 and 7). No untoward effects were noted. Blood, collected from the umbilical cord, is a safe source for autotransfusion, provided that bacteriological testing has been carried out.
Aqueous-phase chemistry and bactericidal effects from an air discharge plasma in contact with water: evidence for the formation of peroxynitrite through a pseudo-second-order post-discharge reaction of H2O2and HNO2 (2014)

Formations of transient species and stable chemical products produced at the gas-liquid interface and directly in the liquid by gas discharge plasma in contact with water surface were measured in dependence on the gas atmosphere and solution pH controlled by buffers.The aqueous-phase chemistry and the chemical and biocidal effects of air discharge plasma in the liquid were evaluated using phenol as chemical probe and bacteria E. coli. The nitrated and nitrosylated products of phenol (4-nitrophenol,2-nitrophenol,4-nitrocatechol,4-nitrosophenol) in addition to the hydroxylated products (catechol, hydroquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone) evidenced formation of NO2•, NO• and OH• radicals and NO+ ions directly by air plasma at the gas-liquid interface and through post-discharge processes in plasma-activated water (PAW) mediated by peroxynitrite.Kinetic study of post-discharge evolution of H2O2 and NO2- in PAW has demonstrated excellent fit with the pseudo-second-order
Unprecedented Dual Alignment Mode and Freedericksz Transition in Planar Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells Doped with Gold Nanoclusters (2008)

Abstract We demonstrate that alkylthiol‐capped gold nanoclusters doped into nematic liquid crystals (N‐LCs) with positive dielectric anisotropy give rise to an unprecedented dual alignment mode and electro‐optical response, which has a potential impact on current liquid crystal (LC) display technologies and N‐LC optical‐biosensor design. By fine‐tuning experimental conditions (temperature, electric field, and alignment), N‐LCs doped with gold nanoclusters can be aligned and electrically reoriented either like N‐LCs with a positive dielectric anisotropy in a planar cell or, alternatively, as N‐LCs with a negative dielectric anisotropy in a homeotropic cell, both at lower threshold voltages than the pure N‐LC.
“Oxygenated” water and athletic performance (2006)

Ergogenic claims for oxygenated water cannot be taken seriously
A Single-Tube Nested RT-PCR for the Detection of Ross River Virus (2003)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has proven to be an extremely powerful tool in the field of virus detection. It has been employed in a variety of situations where previous techniques were too slow, too cumbersome, or simply nonexistent. Some of these are as follows.
Cooling of integrated circuits using droplet-based microfluidics (2003)

Decreasing feature sizes and increasing package densities are making thermal issues extremely important in IC design. Uneven thermal maps and hot spots in ICs cause physical stress and performance degradation. Many MEMS and microfluidics-based solutions were proposed in the past. We present a cooling method based on high-speed electrowetting manipulation of discrete sub-microliter droplets under voltage control with volume flow rates in excess of 10 mL/min. We also propose a flow-rate feedback control where the hot areas get increased supply of droplets without the need for external sensors and electrothermocapillary control where hot areas attract droplets due to thermocapillarity and are returned to their reservoirs by electrowetting resulting in a self-contained and a self-regulated system.
Anti-angiogenic activity of cranberry proanthocyanidins and cytotoxic properties in ovarian cancer cells (2011)

Cranberry extracts may provide beneficial health effects in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of antineoplastic properties are not understood. We report the effect of a proanthocyanidin (PAC)-rich isolate from cranberry (PAC-1) as a therapeutic agent with dual activity to target both ovarian cancer viability and angiogenesis in vitro. PAC-1 treatment of chemotherapy-resistant SKOV-3 cells blocked cell cycle progression through the G2/M phase, increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induced apoptosis through activation of intrinsic and extrinsic pathway components. Cytotoxicity of PAC-1 was partially based on ROS generation and could be blocked by co-treatment with antioxidant glutathione. PAC-1 reduced the cell viability of both SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells and HUVEC endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner and blocked the activation of the pro-survival factor AKT. Furthermore, PAC-1 blocked vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated receptor phosphorylation in endothelial cells, which correlated with the inhibition of endothelial tube formation in vitro. Our findings suggest that PAC-1 exerts potent anticancer and anti-angiogenic properties and that highly purified PAC from cranberry can be further developed to treat ovarian cancer in combinational or single-agent therapy.
Biocatalytic Asymmetric Hydroxylation of Hydrocarbons with the Topsoil-Microorganism Bacillus megaterium (2000)

A Bacillus megaterium strain was isolated from topsoil by a selective screening procedure with allylbenzene as a xenobiotic substrate. This strain performed the hydroxylation chemoselectively (no arene oxidation and overoxidized products) and enantioselectively (up to 99% ee) in the benzylic and nonbenzylic positions of a variety of unfunctionalized arylalkanes. Salycilate and phenobarbital, which are potent inducers of cytochrome P-450 activity, changed the regioselectivity of the microbial CH insertion, without an effect on the enantioselectivity. The biotransformation conditions were optimized in regard to product yield and enantioselectivity by variation of the oxygen-gas supply and the time of the substrate addition. The different product distributions (alpha- versus beta-hydroxylated product) that are obtained on induction of cytochrome P-450 enzyme activity demonstrate the involvement of two or more hydroxylating enzymes with distinct regioselectivities in this biotransformation. An oxygen-rebound mechanism is assumed for the cytochrome P-450-type monooxygenase activity, in which steric interactions between the substrate and the enzyme determine the preferred face of the hydroxy-group transfer to the radical intermediate.
Involvement of Dihydropyridine‐Sensitive Ca2+ Channels in Adenosine‐Evoked Inhibition of Acetylcholine Release from Guinea Pig Ileal Preparation (1990)

The effects of adenosine and nifedipine on endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) release evoked by electrical stimulation from guinea pig ileal longitudinal muscle preparations exposed to physostigmine were evaluated using an HPLC with electrochemical detection (ECD) system. Resting ACh release, which was sensitive to tetrodotoxin (0.3 microM), was enhanced by Bay K 8644 (0.5 microM; a Ca2+ antagonist) or 4-aminopyridine (30 microM; a K+ channel blocker) but not by theophylline (100 microM; a P1 purinoceptor antagonist) or atropine (0.3 microM). The enhancement of the resting ACh release by Bay K 8644 was virtually unaffected by atropine. Electrically evoked ACh release was enhanced by around two- to fourfold in the presence of theophylline, atropine, Bay K 8644, 4-aminopyridine, or atropine. On the other hand, the evoked ACh release was reduced by adenosine (10-30 microM), nifedipine (0.1-0.3 microM; a dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonist), or bethanechol (1-3 microM) in a concentration-related fashion. The reduction induced by adenosine or nifedipine was almost abolished by either theophylline or Bay K 8644, whereas that induced by bethanechol was virtually unaffected by these drugs. The inhibition by adenosine of ACh release was not influenced in the presence of 4-aminopyridine or atropine. However, this inhibition by adenosine was considerably enhanced by halving the Ca2+ concentration in the Krebs solution and was diminished by doubling the Ca2+ concentration. These findings suggest that adenosine produces a cholinergic neuromodulation presumably via modifying dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channel activities in the cholinergic neurons, and thus L-type Ca2+ channels may exist on the nerve terminals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tumor response and clinical benefit in neuroendocrine tumors after 7.4 GBq (90)Y-DOTATOC. (2002)

High-dose targeted radiotherapy with 7.4 GBq/m(2) (90)Y-DOTATOC is a well-tolerated treatment for neuroendocrine tumors, with remarkable clinical benefit and objective response.
High average power, depolarized super-continuum generation using a 1.55-μm ASE noise source (2005)

We investigate super-continuum generation by using incoherent noise pulses instead of clean ultra-short pulse trains. In the experiment, we successfully generate flat continuum of 956 nm with a spectral density of over -10 dBm/nm by using an ASE noise source composed of an Erbium-doped fiber amplifier.
Performance of presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses in distance optical bench tests (2008)

The AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD3 aspheric IOL showed superior optical properties, demonstrated in MTF and AFT optical bench testing, among 6 presbyopia-correcting IOLs including the monofocal accommodating Crystalens. The Acri.Lisa IOL also performed well. The ReZoom IOL demonstrated the poorest overall optical quality.
The ZS-1 central processor (1987)

The Astronautics ZS-1 is a high speed, 64-bit computer system designed for scientific and engineering applications. The ZS-1 central processor uses a decoupled architecture, which splits instructions into two streams---one for fixed point/memory address computation and the other for floating point operations. The two instruction streams are then processed in parallel. Pipelining is also used extensively throughout the ZS-1.This paper describes the architecture and implementation of the ZS-1 central processor, beginning with some of the basic design objectives. Descriptions of the instruction set, pipeline structure, and virtual memory implementation demonstrate the methods used to satisfy the objectives. High performance is achieved through a combination of static (compile-time) instruction scheduling and dynamic (run-time) scheduling. Both types of scheduling are illustrated with examples.