gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE PREPARATION OF 2-ALKYLAMINOBENZIMIDAZOLES (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PREPARATION OF 2-ALKYLAMINOBENZIMIDAZOLESALBERT BLOOM and ALLAN R. DAYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1939, 04, 1, 14–19Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1939https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01213a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views393Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (424 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The persistent effect of long-term enalapril on pressure natriuresis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (1997)

Long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment has been shown to have a persistent antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) long after discontinuation of treatment. To test the hypothesis that this persistent effect involves a shift in the pressure-natriuresis relation, we performed experiments in male, anesthetized SHR at 18 wk of age with fixed neural and hormonal influences on the kidney. Renal function was assessed at various levels of arterial pressure using standard clearance techniques. Enalapril (25 mg.kg-1.day-1 in drinking water) was administered from 4 to 14 wk of age and again 3 days before renal function studies. The following four groups of SHR were studied: 1) 10-wk treatment, 2) 10-wk + 3-day treatment, 3) 3-day treatment, and 4) untreated. Groups 1 and 4 had an intact renin-angiotensin system; groups 2 and 3 had the renin-angiotensin system blocked. Mean arterial pressure (MAP, mmHg; means +/- SE) under Inactin anesthesia was 139 +/- 4 (n = 9), 109 +/- 3 (n = 8), 149 +/- 1 (n = 9), and 181 +/- 7 mmHg (n = 9) for each of the four groups, respectively. Glomerular filtration rate was similar in all groups at resting levels of MAP, whereas renal blood flow was elevated in all treatment groups when compared with that in untreated SHR. Pressure-natriuresis, pressure-diuresis, and pressure-fractional sodium excretion curves for the 10-wk treatment group and 3-day only treatment group were shifted leftward to significantly lower pressures by approximately 25 mmHg, compared with the untreated group. The curves for the treated +3-day group were shifted an additional 30 mmHg to the left. The relationship between renal artery pressure (RAP) and renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure was also shifted 25-30 mmHg but only in rats that received the long-term treatment with enalapril. Three-day enalapril had no significant effect on this relationship. These data indicate that the persistent effect of long-term enalapril treatment on arterial pressure in SHR is the result of a shift in the pressure-natriuresis relationship. The mechanism for this effect involves hemodynamic changes that act to improve transmission of RAP to the interstitium, resulting in enhanced sodium excretion for a given level of RAP.
Analysis of the N‐linked oligosaccharides of human C1s using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (1995)

Information on the structures of the oligosaccharides linked to Asn residues 159 and 391 of the human complement protease C1s was obtained using mass spectrometric and monosaccharide analyses. Asn159 is linked to a complex-type biantennary, bisialylated oligosaccharide NeuAc2 Gal2 GlcNAc4 Man3 (molecular mass = 2206 +/- 1). Asn391 is occupied by either a biantennary, bisialylated oligosaccharide, or a triantennary, trisialylated species NeuAc3 Gal3 GlcNAc5 Man3 (molecular mass = 2861 +/- 1), or a fucosylated triatennary, trisialylated species NeuAc3 Gal3 GlcNAc5 Man3 Fuc1 (molecular mass = 3007 +/- 1), in relative proportions of approximately 1:1:1. The carbohydrate heterogeneity at Asn391 gives rise to three major types of C1s molecules of molecular masses 79,318 +/- 8 (A), 79,971 +/- 8 (B), and 80,131 +/- 8 (C), with an average mass of 79,807 +/- 8. A minor modification, yielding an extra mass of 132 +/- 2, is also detected within positions 1-153.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Enaminonitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Pyridines, Pyrimidines and Pyrazoles as Antibacterial Agents. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hydrogen Peroxide/Vilsmeier Reagent System; Part 21: Reactivity Toward Keto-Olefins (1991)

The hydrogen peroxide/Vilsmeier reagent system reacts with keto-olefins 1-5 to give allylic chlorides 6-10 by an Ene-type chlorination reaction.
BindingDB Entry 5177: Pharmacology of [3H]prostaglandin E1/[3H]prostaglandin E2 and [3H]prostaglandin F2alpha binding to EP3 and FP prostaglandin receptor binding sites in bovine corpus luteum: characterization and correlation with functional data. (2012)

Specific binding of [3H]prostaglandin (PG) E1, [3H]PGE2 and [3H]PGF2alpha to washed total particulate homogenates of bovine corpus luteum comprised 60 to 82% of total binding. Scatchard analysis of competition data revealed the presence of an apparent single population of binding sites for [3H]PGE1 and [3H]PGE2 with dissociation constants (Kds) of 2.76 to 3.39 nM and apparent receptor density (Bmax) of 1.5 to 1.56 pmol/g wet weight (n = 3-4). However, [3H]PGF2alpha appeared to interact with two classes/states of binding sites (Kd1 = 6.51 +/- 0.65 nM, Bmax1 = 2.33 +/- 0.26 pmol/g wet weight; Kd2 = 986 +/- 269 nM; Bmax2 = 44.8 +/- 11.3 pmol/g wet weight, n = 11). Specific [3H]PGE1 and [3H]PGE2 binding was most potently (nanomolar affinity) inhibited by PGs with high selectivity for the EP3 receptor subtype (e.g., GR63799, sulprostone, enprostil) but was weakly (Kis > 1 microM) influenced by EP1-selective (SC-19220), FP-selective (fluprostenol, PHXA85), DP-selective (BWA868C; ZK118182), IP-selective (iloprost) and TP-selective (U46619) PGs. Specific [3H]PGF2alpha binding was potently displaced by FP-selective agents such as fluprostenol, PHXA85 and cloprostenol with nanomolar affinities (n = 3-25), but weakly (Kis > 1 microM) by other PGs showing high selectivity for other PG receptor subtypes mentioned above. The relative specificities and potencies of EP3- and FP-selective PGs tested in the binding assays were confirmed using various functional assays. These studies have provided strong pharmacological evidence for the similarity of [3H]PGE1 and [3H]PGE2 binding to EP3 receptors and for [3H]PGF2alpha binding to FP receptors in washed bovine corpus luteum homogenates.
Spinal Mechanisms of Pain Control (2007)

We address the theory of the pain control mechanisms of the device in detail. Although we await randomized placebo controlled trials and additional results from ongoing mechanistic studies, initial results show that KKT is potentially an effective treatment for chronic neck pain and may contribute to the reduction of pain relieving medication.
Calibration of a synchronized multi-camera setup for 3D videoconferencing (2010)

In this paper we present an efficient camera calibration workflow. Our target application is the calibration of a 3D videoconferencing setup. Nevertheless, it is also well suited for almost every small-scale environment and any number of cameras. The main contribution of this work is a novel integrated high precision pattern based calibration workflow which accounts for color channel-wise lens un-distortion, chromatic aberration correction and linear camera parameter estimation simultaneously. Moreover, our calibration workflow incorporates a convenient automatic spatial camera registration, in case the calibration pattern is not concurrently visible for all cameras.
Amphiphilic Conjugates of Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide Designed for Oral Delivery:  In Vitro Activity Screening (2006)

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a complex syndrome involving altered neurohormonal levels and impaired cardiac and renal function. In recent years, intravenous administration of exogenous human brain-type natriuretic peptide (hBNP) has become an important therapy in treating patients with acutely decompensated CHF. However, reports during the past year suggest that hBNP could play a prominent role in the chronic treatment of CHF patients as well. We are currently developing conjugates of hBNP suitable for oral delivery to provide a patient-friendly treatment option for chronic heart failure patients. In this report, we present in vitro activity results obtained from hBNP conjugates featuring a variety of rationally designed amphiphilic oligomers. Mapping studies revealed that the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of the oligomer impacted the regioselectivity of conjugation. Additionally, the regiochemistry and extent of conjugation had a significant impact on activity. Many monoconjugates retained activity comparable to native peptide and are currently under evaluation in subsequent in vivo screens.
Epidermal EGFR Controls Cutaneous Host Defense and Prevents Inflammation (2013)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in tissue homeostasis and tumor progression. However, cancer patients treated with EGFR inhibitors (EGFRIs) frequently develop acneiform skin toxicities, which are a strong predictor of a patient's treatment response. We show that the early inflammatory infiltrate of the skin rash induced by EGFRI is dominated by dendritic cells, macrophages, granulocytes, mast cells, and T cells. EGFRIs induce the expression of chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL27, and CXCL14) in epidermal keratinocytes and impair the production of antimicrobial peptides and skin barrier proteins. Correspondingly, EGFRI-treated keratinocytes facilitate lymphocyte recruitment but show a considerably reduced cytotoxic activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Mice lacking epidermal EGFR (EGFR(Δep)) show a similar phenotype, which is accompanied by chemokine-driven skin inflammation, hair follicle degeneration, decreased host defense, and deficient skin barrier function, as well as early lethality. Skin toxicities were not ameliorated in a Rag2-, MyD88-, and CCL2-deficient background or in mice lacking epidermal Langerhans cells. The skin phenotype was also not rescued in a hairless (hr/hr) background, demonstrating that skin inflammation is not induced by hair follicle degeneration. Treatment with mast cell inhibitors reduced the immigration of T cells, suggesting that mast cells play a role in the EGFRI-mediated skin pathology. Our findings demonstrate that EGFR signaling in keratinocytes regulates key factors involved in skin inflammation, barrier function, and innate host defense, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying EGFRI-induced skin pathologies.
On linear unequal error protection codes (1967)

The class of codes discussed in this paper has the property that its error-correction capability is described in terms of correcting errors in specific digits of a code word even though other digits in the code may be decoded incorrectly. To each digit of the code words is assigned an error protection level <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f_{i}</tex> . Then, if <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</tex> errors occur in the reception of a code word, all digits which have protection <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f_{i}</tex> greater than or equal to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</tex> will be decoded correctly even though the entire code word may not be decoded correctly. Methods for synthesizing these codes are described and illustrated by examples. One method of synthesis involves combining the parity check matrices of two or more ordinary random error-correcting codes to form the parity check matrix of the new code. A decoding algorithm based upon the decoding algorithms of the component codes is presented. A second method of code generation is described which follows from the observation that for a linear code, the columns of the parity check matrix corresponding to the check positions must span the column space of the matrix. Upper and lower bounds are derived for the number of check digits required for such codes. The lower bound is based upon counting the number of unique syndromes required for a specified error-correction capability. The upper bound is the result of a constructive procedure for forming the parity check matrices of these codes. Tables of numerical values for the upper and lower bounds are presented.
Timing of Artificial Insemination of Dairy Cows: Fixed Time Once Daily Versus Morning and Afternoon (1994)

Nonreturn rates to professional technician service of 7240 first AI Holstein cows were calculated to evaluate differences between once daily and a.m.-p.m. AI. To determine whether management practices affected nonreturn rates, participating herd owners were surveyed for methods used for detection of estrus. Nonreturn rates for once daily and a.m.-p.m. AI were 64.6 and 65.6% for 60-d, 60.1 and 60.6% for 75-d, and 58.4 and 57.8% for 90-d nonreturn periods. Signs of estrus for AI and interval from detection of estrus to AI were related to nonreturn rates. Nonreturn rate was highest, 63.4%, when cows were in standing estrus. Nonreturn rates were lowest, 36%, when cows were bred after treatment with PGF2 alpha without being detected in estrus or bred strictly on veterinary advice based on palpation. Nonreturn rates were similar for different times of the day when once daily AI was practiced. However, AI in the midmorning may have some advantages. The highest nonreturn rate for a 3-h period was 68.2% for 0800 and 1100 h; the lowest was 54.7% for 1300 to 1600 h. Movement before observation for estrus and an observation period > 15 min improved nonreturn rates for once daily AI. Once daily AI can be used effectively with no difference from the traditional a.m.-p.m. system; results are best when AI is based on standing estrus and performed between 0800 and 1100 h.
Specific modulation of T cells and murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (1993)

Acetylated peptide 1-9 from human myelin basic protein induces experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in PL/J mice through I-Au and TCR V beta 8.2. Murine mAb anti-Id directed against murine mAb to myelin basic protein peptide acetyl 1-9 was examined for effects on in vitro and in vivo T cell activities. Certain anti-Id, generated in PL/J mice, inhibited Ag-specific proliferation and IL-2 production and precipitated surface receptors having features of the TCR. The idiotypic features of TCR recognition were demonstrated by showing that binding of anti-Id to the TCR could be blocked by anti-TCR alpha beta and anti-TCR V beta 8.1-8.2 but not by murine Ig or anti-TCR V beta 17a. In addition, the anti-Id did not react with TCR V beta 8.2 transgenically inserted into MRL+/+ mice. One anti-Id was also capable of lessening clinical disease activity in the adoptive passive transfer model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in PL/J mice. These results indicate that anti-Id may recognize a cross-reactive Id on T cells, presumably on the TCR, responsive to the same I-Au-restricted encephalitogenic myelin basic protein peptide in PL/J mice. The selective development of anti-Id and their effect on T cell-mediated tissue damage provide a method for applying specific anti-Id antibodies to modify experimental and, possibly, spontaneous diseases of autoimmune demyelination.
Crystal structure of 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 from tomato: Self-inhibition by dimerization (2006)

12-Oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR) 3, a homologue of old yellow enzyme (OYE), catalyzes the reduction of 9S,13S-12-oxophytodienoate to the corresponding cyclopentanone, which is subsequently converted to the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA). JA and JA derivatives, as well as 12-oxophytodienoate and related cyclopentenones, are known to regulate gene expression in plant development and defense. Together with other oxygenated fatty acid derivatives, they form the oxylipin signature in plants, which resembles the pool of prostaglandins in animals. Here, we report the crystal structure of OPR3 from tomato and of two OPR3 mutants. Although the catalytic residues of OPR3 and related OYEs are highly conserved, several characteristic differences can be discerned in the substrate-binding regions, explaining the remarkable substrate stereoselectivity of OPR isozymes. Interestingly, OPR3 crystallized as an extraordinary self-inhibited dimer. Mutagenesis studies and biochemical analysis confirmed a weak dimerization of OPR3 in vitro, which correlated with a loss of enzymatic activity. Based on structural data of OPR3, a putative mechanism for a strong and reversible dimerization of OPR3 in vivo that involves phosphorylation of OPR3 is suggested. This mechanism could contribute to the shaping of the oxylipin signature, which is critical for fine-tuning gene expression in plants.
Presentación. De la identidad al poshumanismo: cartografías críticas del Caribe hispanoamericano (2019)

Presentación del dossier ¨¨De la identidad al poshumanismo: cartografías críticas del Caribe hispanoamericano, coordinado por Magdalena López y María Teresa Vera-Rojas
Production of 2,3‐butanediol from D‐xylose by Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724 (1984)

It is known that 2,3-butanediol is a potentially valuable chemical feedstock that can be produced from the sugars present in hemicellulose and celluose hydrolysates. Klebsiella oxytoca is able to ferment most pentoses, hexoses, and disaccharides. Butanediol appears to be a primary metabolite, excreted as a product of energy methabolism. The theoretical maximum yield of butanediol from monosaccharides is 0.50 g/g. This article describes the effects of pH, xylose concentration, and the oxygen transfer rate on the bioconversion of D-xylose to 2,3-butanediol. Product inhibition by butanediol is also examined. The most important variable affecting the kinetics of this system appears to be the oxygen transfer rate. A higher oxygen supply favors the formation of cell mass at the expense of butanediol. Decreasing the oxygen supply rate increases the butanediol yield, but decreases the overall conversion rate due to a lower cell concentration.
Multiple capillary DNA sequencer that uses fiber‐optic illumination and detection (1996)

An 8-capillary prototype electrophoresis system for DNA sequencing has been constructed. The sequence of 400-450 bases can be obtained from each capillary in less than an hour from sequencing reactions generated with four-color fluorescent terminators. Illumination of each capillary and collection of fluorescence is through individual optical fibers. Resolution of the DNA ladder is through a replaceable sieving matrix of linear polyacrylamide in reusable coated capillaries. Light from an argon ion laser is introduced into a fused biconically tapered fiber-optic splitter, and individual fibers deliver approximately 10 mW of 514 nm light to each of the eight electrophoresis capillaries. Illumination and collection are by fibers normal to the surface of the electrophoresis capillary and at right angle to each other. Illumination by a fiber with low numerical aperture and collection by a fiber with high numerical aperture provides good sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratios without the need for microlenses (limit of detection: 1.5 x 10(-11)M fluorescein analog dye with a signal-to-noise ratio of 2). The eight collection fibers are passed in parallel through holographic filters for Rayleigh rejection and into an imaging spectrograph, which simultaneously displays the full fluorescence spectrum (475-648 nm) from the eight capillaries in parallel on the surface of an intensified charge-coupled device (CCD). The CCD is read out at a rate of 3.4 complete images per second.
Modulation of NMDA Receptor- Dependent Calcium Influx and Gene Expression Through EphB Receptors (2002)

Protein-protein interactions and calcium entry through the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor regulate synaptic development and plasticity in the central nervous system. The EphB receptor tyrosine kinases are localized at excitatory synapses where they cluster and associate with NMDA receptors. We identified a mechanism whereby EphBs modulate NMDA receptor function. EphrinB2 activation of EphB in primary cortical neurons potentiates NMDA receptor-dependent influx of calcium. Treatment of cells with ephrinB2 led to NMDA receptor tyrosine phosphorylation through activation of the Src family of tyrosine kinases. These ephrinB2-dependent events result in enhanced NMDA receptor-dependent gene expression. Our findings indicate that ephrinB2 stimulation of EphB modulates the functional consequences of NMDA receptor activation and suggest a mechanism whereby activity-independent and activity-dependent signals converge to regulate the development and remodeling of synaptic connections.
T helper cell‐dependent induction of resting B cell differentiation need not require cognate cell interactions (1988)

We have analyzed the role of cognate interaction with helper T cells (Th) in support of resting B cell differentiation to plaque formation. Co-culture of histoincompatible resting B cells and resting Th cells resulted in the induction of plaque-forming cells when dimeric but not monomeric fragments of anti-T cell receptor (TcR) antibody were added to culture. The efficiency of B cell activation was comparable to that supported by lipopolysaccharide and lectin-mediated Th-B cell conjugate formation. Further, if resting Th cells were preactivated with antigen and histocompatible antigen-presenting cells, the requirement for addition of anti-TcR to mixtures of histoincompatible Th and B cells was obviated. These results demonstrate that TcR-mediated Th recognition of major histoincompatibility complex class II/antigen composites on the resting B cell membrane does not provide obligate signals for B cell differentiation to plaque formation. We are left with two possibilities. Either the entire process of Th cell-dependent induction of resting B cell differentiation is mediated by soluble lymphokines or if Th-B cell contact is mandatory, it is mediated through nonpolymorphic cell surface determinants.
Hepatocellular carcinoma cells Raman spectra with gold and silver colloid as SERS substrate (2011)

In this paper, Raman spectra of hepatocellular carcinoma cells were analyzed using gold and silver nanoparticles as SERS active substrates. The size of gold and silver nanoparticles is about 50-60 nm, and these nanoparticles have enhancement role to the Raman spectrum of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The results show that the Raman enhancement effects of gold colloid are more sensitive than silver colloid to cells.