gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organization, structure, and expression of the gene encoding the rat substance P receptor (1991)

The gene for the rat substance P receptor has been cloned, its genomic structure determined, and the patterns of mRNA expression extensively analyzed. Unlike many genes encoding G protein-coupled receptors, the protein-coding region of this gene is divided into five exons consisting of 965, 195, 151, 197, and 2,010 base pairs. The substance P receptor gene extends more than 45 kilobases in length, and the splice sites for the exons occur at the borders of the sequences encoding putative membrane-spanning domains. The transcription initiation site has been defined by solution hybridization-nuclease protection and nucleotide sequence analyses, and lies downstream of a conventional TATA sequence. Substance P receptor mRNA levels in various tissues have been quantitated using solution hybridization-nuclease protection assays and were found to comprise from 0.00008 to 0.0016% of total RNA levels. Relatively high levels of substance P receptor mRNA are seen in the urinary bladder and the sublingual salivary gland, whereas moderate levels are observed for the submandibular salivary gland, striatum, hippocampus, midbrain, and olfactory bulb with lower levels in the remainder of the central nervous system and alimentary canal. These results are discussed in relation to the evolutionary role of multiple exons for a G protein-coupled receptor and with regard to the locations and mechanisms of substance P receptor gene expression.
Optical waveguide technology and its application in head-mounted displays (2012)

Applying optical waveguide technology to head mounted display (HMD) solutions has the key goal of providing the user with improved tactical situational awareness by providing information and imagery in an easy to use form which also maintains compatibility with current night vision devices and also enables the integration of future night vision devices. The benefits of waveguide technology in HMDs have seen a number of alternative waveguide display technologies and configurations emerge for Head mounted Display applications. BAE System's presented one such technology in 2009 [1] and this is now in production for a range of Helmet Mounted Display products. This paper outlines the key design drivers for aviators Helmet Mounted Displays, provides an update of holographic Optical Waveguide Technology and its maturation into compact, lightweight Helmet Mounted Displays products for aviation and non-aviation applications. Waveguide displays have proved too be a radical enabling technology which allows higher performance display devices solutions to be created in a revolutionary way. It has also provided the user with see through daylight readable displays, offering the combination of very large eye box and excellent real world transmission in a compact format. Holographic Optical Waveguide is an optical technology which reduces size and mass whilst liberating the designer from many of the constraints inherent in conventional optical solutions. This technology is basically a way of moving light without the need for a complex arrangement of conventional lenses. BAE Systems has exploited this technology in the Q-Sight<sup>TM</sup> family of scalable Helmet Mounted Displays; allowing the addition of capability as it is required in a flexible, low-cost way The basic monocular Q-Sight<sup>TM</sup> architecture has been extended to offer wide field of view, monochrome and full colour HMD solution for rotary wing, fast jet and solider system applications. In its basic form Q-Sight<sup>TM</sup> now offers plug-and-play solutions into any cockpit with either Analogue (stroke) or Digital Video Interface (DVI) connections. This offers a significant upgrade opportunity to those users currently struggling with cumbersome legacy CRT using conventional glass optical lenses.
A citrate sol–gel method to synthesize Li2ZrO3 nanocrystals with improved CO2 capture properties (2011)

Li2ZrO3 nanocrystals with improved CO2 capture properties were synthesized by a citrate sol–gel method. The morphology and structure of the synthesized Li2ZrO3 samples were characterized in detail by SEM, TEM, and XRD techniques. The CO2 capture–regeneration properties of these nanocrystals were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) over a wide range of temperatures and of CO2 partial pressures. The nanosized Li2ZrO3 crystallites with a tetragonal phase exhibit a better CO2 capture performance than reported sorbents, exhibiting a faster uptake and a higher, nearly stoichiometric adsorption capacity (∼26 wt.%). Furthermore, the adsorbent shows a good stability, confirmed by capture–regeneration cycles. Based on these excellent properties, application in sorption-enhanced reaction process (SERP) is anticipated.
Glycosyltransferase Inhibitors:  Synthesis ofd-threo-PDMP,l-threo-PDMP, and Other Brain Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitors fromd- orl-Serine (1998)

The synthesis of enantiomerically pure (1S,2S)-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-N-morpholino-1-propanol (l-threo-PDMP) (1a) from l-serine, and the enantiomer (1R,2R)-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (d-threo-PDMP] (1b) from d-serine is reported. Reductive alkylation of the fully protected O'Donnell's Schiff base (3b) derived from d-serine provided the β-amino alcohol 5b in high yield and excellent selectivity, which yielded optically pure 1b in high yield after six steps. Three other d-threo-PDMP analogues with various amine groups have been synthesized using the same methodology, including the more potent pyrrolidine compound d-threo-PDPP (1e). A key feature of the synthesis is the isolation of tosylate (8b), which allows for the divergent synthesis of many analogues from a common advanced intermediate. The synthesis is amenable to large-scale production of d-threo-PDMP, l-threo-PDMP, and similar compounds.
Convolutional Neural Network Based Semantic Tagging with Entity Embeddings (2015)

Unsupervised word embeddings provide rich linguistic and conceptual information about words. However, they may provide weak information about domain specific semantic relations for certain tasks such as semantic parsing of natural language queries, where such information about words or phrases can be valuable. To encode the prior knowledge about the semantic word relations, we extended the neural network based lexical word embedding objective function by incorporating the information about relationship between entities that we extract from knowledge bases [1]. In this paper, we focus on the semantic tagging of conversational utterances as our end task and we investigate two different ways of using these embeddings: as additional features to a linear sequence learning method, Conditional Random Fields (CRF), and as initial embeddings to a convolutional neural networks based CRF model (CNN-CRF) with shared feature layers and globally normalized sequence modeling components. While we obtain an average of 2% improvement in F-score compared to the previous baselines when the enriched embeddings are used as additional features for CRF models, we obtain slightly more gains when the embeddings are used as initial word representations for the CNN-based CRF models.
Predominance of Th1‐type T cells in synovial fluid of patients with Yersinia‐induced reactive arthritis (1992)

The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of reactive arthritis and the functional capacities of synovial T cells specific for Yersinia enterocolitica are still unclear. In this study we have determined the cytokine secretion patterns of 24 CD4+ synovial fluid (SF)-derived T cell clones from 2 patients with Yersinia-induced reactive arthritis, 16 clones specific for different Yersinia antigens and 8 clones as controls. The clones specific for Yersinia antigens predominantly belong to the T helper cell 1 (Th1) subset with production of interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2, but no IL-4, whereas SF T cells not reactive with Yersinia antigens produce IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma and thus belonged to the Th0 subset. Moreover, short-term T cell lines established from SF and peripheral blood showed the same pattern. To further analyze the functional relevance of these data we investigated the influence of IFN-gamma and IL-4 on the intracellular killing of Yersinia in a human glioblastoma cell line. Our data show that the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma promotes intracellular killing of Yersinia, whereas this effect is antagonized by the Th2 cytokine IL-4. Furthermore, the Th2 cytokine IL-10 inhibited the antigen-specific proliferative response and IFN-gamma and IL-2 production by the Th1 cells. These results provide insight into the antibacterial mechanisms at work in reactive arthritis after infection with Yersinia enterocolitica and, for the first time, reveal the cross-regulatory properties of cytokines derived from Th1 and Th2 cells in a human immune response to bacterial antigens.
Machine learning in control of functional electrical stimulation for locomotion (2002)

Two machine learning techniques were evaluated for automatic design of a rule-based control of functional electrical stimulation (FES) for locomotion of spinal cord injured humans. The task was to map the relationship between sensory information and the FES-control signal by using off-line supervised training. Signals were recorded using pressure sensors installed in insoles of a patient's shoes and goniometers attached across the joints of the affected leg. The FES-control signal consisted of pulses corresponding to time intervals when the patient pressed on the manual push-button to deliver the stimulation during FES-assisted ambulation. The machine learning techniques evaluated were the adaptive logic network (ALN) and inductive learning algorithm (IL). Results to date suggest that, given the same training data, the IL learned faster than ALN while both performed the test rapidly. The generalization was better with an ALN, especially if past points were used to reflect the time dimension. Both techniques were able to predict future stimulation events. An advantage of ALN was that it can be retrained with new data without losing previously collected knowledge. The advantages of IL were that IL produces explicit and comprehensible trees and that the relative importance of each sensory contribution can be quantified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pemphigus foliaceus in dogs: A review of 37 cases (1985)

Thirty-seven dogs with pemphigus foliaceus were seen over a span of 9 years in a veterinary medical teaching hospital. Four breeds of dogs (Bearded Collie, Akita, Newfoundland, Schipperke) were at significant elevated risk when compared with both the dermatology canine case population and the hospital canine population. The mean age of onset was 4.2 years. The dorsal part of the muzzle was the most common site of initial involvement in over 50% of the dogs, and lesions of the head were seen first in 81% of the dogs. Disease progression was gradual (greater than 3 months) in 73% of the dogs. Somewhat bilaterally symmetric scaling, crusting, and alopecia were seen in all of the dogs. Vesicles, pustules, and bullae were not seen commonly, but target lesions with peripheral collarettes were seen frequently. Most dogs had characteristic footpad lesions, with erythematous swelling at the pad margins, cracking, and villous hypertrophy. Generalized exfoliative dermatitis was seen in dogs with widespread disease. Pruritus was noted in less than one half of the dogs. Typical histopathologic findings included subcorneal and intragranular cell layer epidermal pustules, or intrafollicular pustules with prominent acantholysis. Direct immunofluorescence in an intercellular pattern was noted in 76% of the dogs tested and indirect immunofluorescence was noted in 75% of a much smaller sample. Thirty-nine percent of the dogs responded to corticosteroid therapy alone, and 50% and 55% responded, respectively, to prednisone and cytotoxic drugs, and to prednisone with aurothioglucose. Aurothioglucose was successful alone in 27% of the dogs. One-year survival was achieved in 53% of the dogs.
Inhibition of JAK1, 2/STAT3 Signaling Induces Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Reduces Tumor Cell Invasion in Colorectal Cancer Cells (2008)

Abnormalities in the STAT3 pathway are involved in the oncogenesis of several cancers. However, the mechanism by which dysregulated STAT3 signaling contributes to the progression of human colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been elucidated, nor has the role of JAK, the physiological activator of STAT3, been evaluated. To investigate the role of both JAK and STAT3 in CRC progression, we inhibited JAK with AG490 and depleted STAT3 with a SiRNA. Our results demonstrate that STAT3 and both JAK1 and 2 are involved in CRC cell growth, survival, invasion, and migration through regulation of gene expression, such as Bcl-2, p1(6ink4a), p21(waf1/cip1), p27(kip1), E-cadherin, VEGF, and MMPs. Importantly, the FAK is not required for STAT3-mediated regulation, but does function downstream of JAK. In addition, our data show that proteasome-mediated proteolysis promotes dephosphorylation of the JAK2, and consequently, negatively regulates STAT3 signaling in CRC. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining reveals that nuclear staining of phospho-STAT3 mostly presents in adenomas and adenocarcinomas, and a positive correlation is found between phospho-JAK2 immunoreactivity and the differentiation of colorectal adenocarcinomas. Therefore, our findings illustrate the biologic significance of JAK1, 2/STAT3 signaling in CRC progression and provide novel evidence that the JAK/STAT3 pathway may be a new potential target for therapy of CRC.
Targeted insertions of two exogenous collagen genes into both alleles of their endogenous loci in cultured human cells: the insertions are directed by relatively short fragments containing the promoters and the 5' ends of the genes. (1994)

Previous studies demonstrated that type II procollagen is synthesized by HT-1080 cells that are stably transfected with constructs of the human COL2A1 gene that contain the promoter and 5' end of either the COL2A1 gene or the human COL1A1 gene. Since the host HT-1080 cells were from a human tumor line that synthesizes type IV collagen but not type II or type I procollagen, the results suggested that the constructs were integrated near active enhancers or promoters. Here, however, we demonstrate that a 33-kb construct of the COL2A1 gene containing a 5' fragment from the same gene was inserted into both alleles of the endogenous COL2A1 gene on chromosome 12, apparently by homologous recombination by a nonconservative pathway. In contrast, a similar construct of the COL2A1 gene in which the 5' end was replaced with a 1.9-kb fragment from the 5' end of the COL1A1 gene was inserted into both alleles of the locus for the COL1A1 gene on chromosome 17. Therefore, targeted insertion of the gene construct was not directed by the degree of sequence homology. Instead, it was directed by the relatively short 5' fragment from the COL1A1 gene that contained the promoter and the initially transcribed sequences of the gene. After insertion, both gene constructs were expressed from previously inactive loci.
Inductively coupled nanocomposite wireless strain and pH sensors (2008)

Recently, dense sensor instrumentation for structural health monitoring has motivated the need for novel passive wireless sensors that do not require a portable power source, such as batteries. Using a layer-by-layer self-assembly process, nano-structured multifunctional carbon nanotube-based thin film sensors of controlled morphology are fabricated. Through judicious selection of polyelectrolytic constituents, specific sensing transduction mechanisms can be encoded within these homogenous thin films. In this study, the thin films are specifically designed to change electrical properties to strain and pH stimulus. Validation of wireless communications is performed using traditional magnetic coil antennas of various turns for passive RFID (radio frequency identification) applications. Preliminary experimental results shown in this study have identified characteristic frequency and bandwidth changes in tandem with varying strain and pH, respectively. Finally, ongoing research is presented on the use of gold nanocolloids and carbon nanotubes during layer-by-layer assembly to fabricate highly conductive coil antennas for wireless communications.
Immune Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases (2004)

Our increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of autoimmune disease has revealed a number of checkpoints that can be targeted with immune therapy, including key mediators of lymphocyte adhesion and migration, destructive cytokines involved in tissue damage, and the complex of molecules critical in the presentation of self-antigen and the activation of autoaggressive T lymphocytes. In many organ-specific autoimmune diseases, the identity of the molecules attacked by T cells and autoantibodies is known and attempts are under way to tolerize the immune system with a high level of specificity to these targets.
Plasmonic photonic crystal fiber couplers (2013)

We report on the polarization-dependent attenuation and birefringence in gold-filled dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) coupler, which result the polarization-dependent coupling. The results suggest the PCF coupler application as polarization filter.
Strategies for Combinatorial Organic Synthesis: Solution and Polymer-Supported Synthesis of 4-Thiazolidinones and 4-Metathiazanones Derived from Amino Acids (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStrategies for Combinatorial Organic Synthesis: Solution and Polymer-Supported Synthesis of 4-Thiazolidinones and 4-Metathiazanones Derived from Amino AcidsChristopher P. Holmes, Jason P. Chinn, Gary C. Look, Eric M. Gordon, and Mark A. GallopCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 22, 7328–7333Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00127a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00127a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views701Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Agronomical and Chemical Studies onTagetes minutaGrown in a Red Soil of a Semiarid Tropical Region in India (1999)

Abstract The agronomic performance and chemical composition of Tagetes minuta L. was evaluated in a new agro-climatic region of semiarid tropical India. T minuta performed well under these conditions and responded to application of 50 kg N/ha. Analysis of the leaf and flower oils by GC revealed that the leaf oil contained dihydrotagetone (6l.0%) and (Z)-tagetone (16.1%), while the flower oil was rich in (Z)-β-ocimene (47.9%) and (Z)-tagetenone (19–6%).
General Techniques of Cell Culture (1997)

Cell culture techniques are invaluable to the modern researcher but difficult to carry out successfully. As part of the series of Handbooks in Practical Animal Cell Biology, this volume offers a concise practical guide to the basic essentials of the technique. Researchers new to cell culture will find a clear explanation of the essential equipment of a tissue culture facility, including tissue culture media and sera. It describes methods for growing suspension and adhesion cultures, including how to store cells and prepare primary cultures from cells. For those already culturing cells, the handbook will act as a handy reference to the basic techniques. The essence of the book is to deal with the generalities of cell culture to give a grasp of the basic concepts before involvement in more specialized work in the field. Ideal for anyone moving into tissue cell culture techniques or looking for a concise reference book.
A 1.9 GHz micromachined-based low-phase-noise CMOS VCO (2003)

Low-phase-noise microwave oscillators require capacitors and inductors with high Q-factors, since the phase noise of an oscillator is inversely proportional to the Q-factor of the resonant circuit. Often the frequency of oscillations must be electronically tunable, and hence, at least one of these reactive elements must be tunable. In practice, it is difficult to realize a high-quality electronically tunable inductor, and an electronically tunable capacitor is generally used. The CMOS inverter VCO takes advantage of the large voltage swing property of the micromachined tunable capacitor. The cross-coupled CMOS inverters realize the negative resistance and form the core of the oscillator.
Intravacuolar Spherical Bodies in <italic>Polygonum cuspidatum</italic> (1995)

The vacuoles in the epidermal cells of light-grown seedlings of Polygonum cuspidatum were found to contain intensely pigmented spherical bodies (anthocyanoplasts). Dark-grown seedlings contained similar spherical bodies that were unpigmented. The unpigmented spherical bodies accumulated anthocyanin and turned into anthocyanoplasts when dark-grown seedlings were irradiated. The unpigmented spherical bodies of dark-grown seedlings were heavily stained upon treatment of seedlings with neutral red. The absorption spectra of spherical bodies and vacuoles showed that the contents of the spherical body were different from those of the vacuole. The spherical body was stable in darkness or at low temperature but was unstable at 25°C in the light. There was no correlation between the amount of anthocyanin and the percentage of cells that contained spherical bodies, suggesting that, in P. cuspidatum, the spherical body is not the main site of anthocyanin synthesis.
Crystal and molecular structure of [Nd(tren)2(CH3CN)](ClO4)3 (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal and molecular structure of [Nd(tren)2(CH3CN)](ClO4)3Charles W. Eigenbrot Jr. and Kenneth N. RaymondCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 7, 2867–2870Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00137a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00137a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts