gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principles and Practice of Echocardiography (1994)

Part 1 Physical principles, instrumentation, and routine examination: physical principles of ultrasound cross-sectional scanning - technical principles and instrumentation digital image processing cross-sectional echocardiographic examination standard plane positions - standard imaging planes three-dimensional reconstruction of echocardiographic images principles of Doppler flow measurement Doppler instrumentation principles of flow Doppler signal processing principles of colour flow mapping fluid dynamics of regurgitant jets and their imaging by colour Doppler the routine Doppler examination M-mode echocardiography - principles and examination techniques miscellaneous echocardiographic techniques I - contrast echocardiography miscellaneous echocardiographic techniques II - transesophageal, epicardial, intraoperative, and intravascular/intracardiac echocardiography, and sonomicrometry left ventricular inflow tract I - the mitral valve left ventricular inflow tract II - the left atrium, pulmonary veins and coronary sinus left ventricular outflow tract - the aortic valve, aorta and subvalvular outflow tract left ventricle I - general considerations, assessment of chamber size and function left ventricle II - segmental dysfunction - concept and techniques of measurement left ventricle III - coronary artery disease - clinical manifestations and complications left ventricle IV - assessment of myocardial perfusion with contrast two-dimensional echocardiography left ventricle V - diastolic function - its principles and evaluation echocardiographic assessment of the cardiomyopathies right ventricular inflow tract right ventricular outflow tract right ventricle interatrial and interventricular septa Doppler estimation of volumetric flow complex congenital heart disease I - a diagnostic approach complex congenital heart disease II - a pathologic approach foetal echocardiography coronary arteries pericardial diseases cardiac tumours and masses echocardiographic findings in infective endocarditis echo-Doppler assessment of prosthetic heart valves echocardiography in cardiac transplantation the echocardiogram in disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction tissue characterizations. Appendix A: normal cross-sectional echocardiographic measurements in adults Appendix B: application of Fourier analysis in echocardiography.
miR-210 is overexpressed in late stages of lung cancer and mediates mitochondrial alterations associated with modulation of HIF-1 activity (2010)

Following the identification of a set of hypoxia-regulated microRNAs (miRNAs), recent studies have highlighted the importance of miR-210 and of its transcriptional regulation by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). We report here that miR-210 is overexpressed at late stages of non-small cell lung cancer. Expression of miR-210 in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells caused an alteration of cell viability associated with induction of caspase-3/7 activity. miR-210 induced a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the apparition of an aberrant mitochondrial phenotype. The expression profiling of cells overexpressing miR-210 revealed a specific signature characterized by enrichment for transcripts related to 'cell death' and 'mitochondrial dysfunction', including several subunits of the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I and II. The transcript coding for one of these ETC components, SDHD, subunit D of succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDH), was validated as a bona fide miR-210 target. Moreover, SDHD knockdown mimicked miR-210-mediated mitochondrial alterations. Finally, miR-210-dependent targeting of SDHD was able to activate HIF-1, in line with previous studies linking loss-of-function SDH mutations to HIF-1 activation. miR-210 can thus regulate mitochondrial function by targeting key ETC component genes with important consequences on cell metabolism, survival and modulation of HIF-1 activity. These observations help explain contradictory data regarding miR-210 expression and its putative function in solid tumors.
hpRNA-Mediated Targeting of the Arabidopsis FAD2 Gene Gives Highly Efficient and Stable Silencing (2002)

The endogenous Delta 12-desaturase gene (FAD2) in Arabidopsis was targeted for silencing using seed-specific cosuppression (CS), hairpin (HP) RNA (hpRNA), and intron-spliced HP (iHP) constructs. The iHP construct, incorporating the 120-bp 3'-untranslated region of the FAD2 gene, gave the highest degree of silencing. In some iHP lines Delta 12-desaturase activity was reduced to levels as low as those in the null fad2-1 mutant, and every primary transformant showed a pronounced reduction in FAD2 activity. One highly silenced iHP line was propagated for five generations and showed no reversion or diminution in its degree of silencing. About 75% of plants transformed with the HP construct, targeting the FAD2 coding region, gave dramatically reduced Delta 12-desaturase activity, whereas approximately 50% of plants transformed with the CS construct, containing the same coding region sequence, showed silencing at a much less profound level. In all three types of constructs, the degree of silencing was increased when the transgenes were homozygous, but this was much more pronounced for the CS constructs. All three types of construct could give a single locus that was capable of effective silencing, but in the one such CS line where this was the case, the locus had a complex insertion pattern. This is consistent with the concept that posttranscriptional gene silencing is induced by double-stranded, or self-complementary, RNA that is formed in cases of CS by complex insertion patterns at a single locus and that the most effective way of generating profoundly silenced plants is by the use of constructs that encode hpRNAs. Furthermore, these results demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that iHP constructs targeted against an endogenous seed-expressed gene are clearly able to generate phenotypic changes that are inherited stably over several generations, making this approach a reliable technique for genetic modification of seed quality and possibly other traits in agricultural plants.
Inflammatory Markers and Gait Speed Decline in Older Adults (2011)

IL-6 levels are associated with gait performance in community residing seniors and predicts risk of gait speed decline in aging.
There Is Binding of Collagen IV to β1 Integrin during Early Skin Basement Membrane Assembly (1998)

This study is concerned with the mechanism of basement membrane assembly in an in vitro 3-dimensional skin-culture system. Dermal fibroblasts alone can synthesize collagen IV, perlecan, and nidogen, but cannot assemble them into a basement membrane. When keratinocytes are added to the culture, however, linear assembly of collagen IV, perlecan, and nidogen is noted at the epidermo-dermal interface. Northern blots and in situ hybridization showed that perlecan and nidogen mRNAs derive exclusively from fibroblasts, while the alpha 2 (IV) collagen chain is expressed by both keratinocytes and fibroblasts, although the major source is in the mesenchyma (80%). Prior to the development of the lamina densa, collagen IV colocalizes with beta 1 integrins, most likely alpha 1 beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1, which are known receptors for this collagen. Blocking experiments with the AIIB2 mAb (anti-beta 1 integrin subunit) and by peptide inhibition with the CB3(IV) collagen fragment disrupted the assembly of collagen IV. This study suggests that the initiation of basement-membrane formation involves binding of collagen IV molecules to keratinocyte cell-matrix integrins. These complexes act as nucleation sites for further polymerization of collagen IV molecules mostly derived from fibroblasts, by a process of self-assembly.
Tolerogenic dendritic cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Potential for regulation and therapy of liver auto- and alloimmunity (2010)

Organ transplantation is now established as an accepted treatment for end-stage liver disease, acute fulminant hepatic liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. While early graft acceptance rates have increased markedly due to improved immunosuppressive drug regimens, rates of late graft failure remain largely unchanged. Recent findings suggest that in addition to alloimmunity, chronic rejection of liver allografts may also reflect de novo autoimmune hepatitis or recurrence of pre-existing hepatic autoimmune disease. Dendritic cell (DC)- based therapy is a promising experimental approach to promotion of transplant tolerance and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Newly emerging evidence also demonstrates the potential efficacy of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the antigen (Ag)-specific regulation of T-cell responses. Herein, we discuss current understanding of liver autoimmunity post-transplantation, along with current approaches for the development of tolerogenic DC, and the potential use of MDSC for the development of stable, Ag-specific tolerance.
Combinatorial antibody libraries from survivors of the Turkish H5N1 avian influenza outbreak reveal virus neutralization strategies (2008)

The widespread incidence of H5N1 influenza viruses in bird populations poses risks to human health. Although the virus has not yet adapted for facile transmission between humans, it can cause severe disease and often death. Here we report the generation of combinatorial antibody libraries from the bone marrow of five survivors of the recent H5N1 avian influenza outbreak in Turkey. To date, these libraries have yielded >300 unique antibodies against H5N1 viral antigens. Among these antibodies, we have identified several broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies that could be used for passive immunization against H5N1 virus or as guides for vaccine design. The large number of antibodies obtained from these survivors provide a detailed immunochemical analysis of individual human solutions to virus neutralization in the setting of an actual virulent influenza outbreak. Remarkably, three of these antibodies neutralized both H1 and H5 subtype influenza viruses.
Suppression of transformed phenotypes of human fibrosarcoma cells by overexpression of recombinant fibronectin. (1996)

Loss of fibronectin (FN) from the cell surface has been shown to be closely associated with malignant transformation of cells. To elucidate the role of the FN matrix in the modulation of malignant phenotypes, we overexpressed a full-length cDNA encoding plasma-type FN in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. The cells overexpressing FN adopted a more flattened morphology and deposited a moderately developed FN matrix both in vitro and in vivo, although the level of expression of integrin alpha5beta1 remained unchanged. FN-overexpressing cells exhibited a reduced cell motility on the substratum and grew poorly when injected s.c. into nude mice. Overexpression of FN also suppressed the ability of the tumor cells to proliferate in soft agar, whereas the suppression was reversed by inclusion in soft agar of the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptide and adhesion-blocking antibodies against the central cell-binding domain of FN. Neither cell motility nor growth potential was altered by overexpression of a truncated form of FN lacking the central cell-binding domain. These results, taken together, indicate that increased deposition of FN in the pericellular matrix per se can suppress the motility and growth potential of tumor cells through interaction with RGD-recognizing integrins, most likely alpha5beta1.
Prolonged Survival for Melanoma Patients With Elevated IgM Antibody to Oncofetal Antigen<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3">3</xref> (1981)

Antibody directed against a cultured melanoma cell line known to express an oncofetal antigen was measured in sera obtained from patients with stage II melanomas. This study was undertaken to determine if an inhibiting or enhancing effect on tumor growth would be suggested by a positive or negative correlation of antibody levels with tumor recurrence or patient survival. A positive correlation with disease-free interval and survival was detected among patients who had high levels of the IgM class of antibody before and shortly after surgery for state II disease. The IgG class of antibody over the period measured did not correlate consistently with tumor recurrence. Absorption of the IgM antibody with fetal brain confirmed that the dominant detectable reactivity was directed to the oncofetal antigen. The relevance of these findings is related to that of other evidence indicating that immunity to fetal antigens expressed on tumor cells is a participant in host-tumor interaction.
Laser optical pumping of high-density Rb in polarizedHe3targets (1994)

We have investigated high-density Rb optical pumping in polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ targets and present measurements of collisional relaxation rates and studies of diffusion-driven wall relaxation of the Rb polarization. We show that a boundary layer resides in the vicinity of the cell walls within which a polarization gradient is established by diffusion. Absorption of the incident laser radiation within this layer leads to a striking decrease in optical-pumping efficiency for resonant light but has little effect for off-resonant light. Our theory introduces polarization-dependent slowing of optical pumping rates due to the Rb nuclear spin. We have observed a strong frequency dependence of the optical-pumping efficiency, consistent with our theoretical predictions. We report the following rate constants for collisional relaxation of Rb polarization: due to Rb (${\mathit{k}}_{\mathrm{Rb}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Rb}}$=8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/s), due to ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ (${\mathit{k}}_{\mathrm{N}2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$Rb=8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/s), and due to $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, an upper limit of (${\mathit{k}}^{3}$He-Rb\ensuremath{\le}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/s). The data and model presented are used to predict laser power and intensity requirements for high-density polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ targets.
Conservation of PDX-1 Structure, Function, and Expression in Zebrafish (1998)

Development of the mammalian pancreas has been studied extensively in mice. The stages from budding of the pancreatic anlaga through endocrine and exocrine cell differentiation and islet formation have been described in detail. Recently, the homeodomain transcription factor PDX-1 has been identified as an important factor in the proliferation and differentiation of the pancreatic buds to form a mature pancreas. To evaluate the possibility of using zebrafish as a model for the genetic analysis of pancreas development, we have cloned and characterized PDX-1 from this organism. The deduced sequence of zebrafish PDX-1 contains 246 amino acids and is 95% identical to mammalian PDX-1 in the homeodomain. We also cloned zebrafish preproinsulin complementary DNA as a marker for islet tissue. By in situ hybridization we demonstrate that PDX-1 and insulin are coexpressed during embryonic development and in adults, although PDX-1 expression appears to be biphasic. Insulin expression apparently begins before 44 hpf, the earliest stage examined in this study. Additionally, very high levels of PDX-1 expression were observed in the pyloric caeca, the accessory digestive organs that also are derived from the proximal region of the intestine in teleosts. Finally, our data show that the evolutionary conservation of zebrafish PDX-1 extends to its DNA binding properties. Zebrafish PDX-1 was equally as effective as mouse PDX-1 in stimulating insulin gene transcription, and maximum promoter activation was dependent on the presence of four intact A elements. The demonstration of this capability suggests that transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control pancreatic development and insulin gene expression have been conserved among vertebrates.
Photoswitchable Supramolecular Hydrogels Formed by Cyclodextrins and Azobenzene Polymers (2010)

Shine a light: A supramolecular hydrogel is formed by the glucan curdlan equipped with α-cyclodextrins (CD-CUR) and azobenzene-modified poly(acrylic acid)(pAC12Azo). The sol–gel transition and the morphology of the supramolecular hydrogel can be switched by photoirradiation at the appropriate wavelength, which controls the formation of an inclusion complex between the α-cyclodextrins and the azobenzene moieties (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Analysis of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) expression by human peripheral blood CD4-8- alpha/beta T cells demonstrates preferential use of several V beta genes and an invariant TCR alpha chain. (1993)

CD4-CD8- (double negative [DN]) alpha/beta T cells are a largely uncharacterized subpopulation of unknown function. To investigate whether these cells are selected to recognize particular antigens or antigen-presenting molecules, DN alpha/beta T cells were purified from the peripheral blood of five normal donors and their T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains were examined. Random cloning of TCR alpha chains by single-sided polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification identified an invariant rearrangement between V alpha 24 and J alpha Q, with no N region diversity, which was expressed preferentially by DN alpha/beta T cells from all donors. Random cloning also identified a precise V alpha 7.2-J alpha (IGRJa14) rearrangement, with two variable amino acids encoded in the V-J junction, which was enriched in the DN alpha/beta T cell preparations from some, but not all, donors. Analysis of TCR beta chains by quantitative PCR amplification demonstrated that the expression of four V beta gene families, V beta 2, 8, 11, and 13, was markedly increased in these DN alpha/beta T cell preparations. The expression of particular TCRs by DN alpha/beta T cells from multiple donors indicates that these cells, or at least a subpopulation of cells with this phenotype, recognize a limited spectrum of antigens and suggests that they may use nonpolymorphic antigen-presenting molecules.
Reaction of nitrogen dioxide with alkenes and polyunsaturated fatty acids: addition and hydrogen-abstraction mechanisms (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of nitrogen dioxide with alkenes and polyunsaturated fatty acids: addition and hydrogen-abstraction mechanismsWilliam A. Pryor, John W. Lightsey, and Daniel F. ChurchCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 24, 6685–6692Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00388a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00388a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views930Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chimpanzee Adenoviruses Are Related to Four Subgenera of Human Adenoviruses (1989)

Nine adenovirus strains isolated from chimpanzees were studied with regard to their relatedness to each other and to human adenovirus prototypes by neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition. The strains belonged to six serotypes, and all of them were clearly related to, but not identical to human adenoviruses of subgenus A, B, C, or E respectively. DNA restriction analysis corroborated these relationships.
Evidence for involvement of the gamma, delta T cell antigen receptor in cytotoxicity mediated by human alloantigen-specific T cell clones. (1989)

The vast majority of mature T cells express the alpha, beta TCR and use this receptor to recognize Ag in association with MHC determinants. Recent reports indicate that a small subpopulation of CD3+ T cells does not express alpha, beta TCR and lacks CD4 and CD8 molecules, but expresses another TCR heterodimer designated gamma, delta. To date, however, there are very few examples of gamma, delta TCR-bearing T cells which have Ag-specific functions and the precise role of the gamma, delta TCR remains unknown. In an attempt to explore the function of the gamma, delta TCR in man, we generated a panel of CD3+, CD4-, CD8- T cell clones from cultures of normal T cells stimulated with allogeneic lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). All of the clones stained with mAb to gamma, delta TCR determinants, and Northern blot analysis of total cellular RNA revealed mature gamma- and delta-chain transcripts and immature beta-chain transcript. The clones displayed cytolytic activity against their specific stimulating LCL, but not irrelevant LCL, and killing was inhibited by a mAb to HLA class I (HLA-A,B,C) determinants, suggesting that these cells recognized class I MHC antigenic determinants on specific stimulator/target cells. Cytolysis by these clones was markedly inhibited by low concentrations (0.00001 to 0.001 microgram/ml) of mAb to CD3 or TCR delta-chain, but high concentrations (0.1 to 20 micrograms/ml) of the same antibodies enhanced cytotoxicity. When absorbed to plastic tissue culture wells, anti-CD3 mAb stimulated the clones to proliferate. These results indicate that alloantigen specific, gamma, delta TCR+, CD4-, CD8- T cell clones can be reproducibly generated in vitro, and that the gamma, delta TCR plays a direct role in the specific recognition and cytolysis displayed by these clones.
Treatment of malignant gliomas using ganciclovir-hypersensitive, ribonucleotide reductase-deficient herpes simplex viral mutant. (1994)

We have demonstrated that attenuated mutants of herpes simplex virus (HSV) have therapeutic potential for malignant brain tumors. In this report, we tested a ribonucleotide reductase-deficient (RR-) HSV mutant as an experimental treatment for malignant brain tumors. The HSV-RR- mutant hrR3, containing an Escherichia coli lacZ gene insertion in the ICP6 gene that encodes the large subunit of RR, was used in this study. We examined the cytopathic effect of hrR3 (0.1 plaque-forming unit/cell) on the U-87MG human glioblastoma cell line in vitro. Only 0.2% of U-87 cells were alive 67 h postinfection. Drug sensitivity assays demonstrated that hrR3 is hypersensitive to the antiherpetic agent ganciclovir. For in vivo studies, 10 animals harboring U-87MG tumors were randomly divided and treated intraneoplastically with either 5 x 10(6) plaque-forming units of hrR3 or medium alone. The viral treatment group showed significant inhibition of tumor growth (P < 0.01; one-sided Wilcoxon rank test). Expression of the lacZ gene in hrR3, visualized by 5-bromo-4-chrolo-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside histochemistry, could be detected in treated tumors. The therapeutic potential of this HSV-RR- mutant for malignant gliomas is discussed.