gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of p21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1on cellular gene expression: Implications for carcinogenesis, senescence, and age-related diseases (2000)

Induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1) triggers cell growth arrest associated with senescence and damage response. Overexpression of p21 from an inducible promoter in a human cell line induces growth arrest and phenotypic features of senescence. cDNA array hybridization showed that p21 expression selectively inhibits a set of genes involved in mitosis, DNA replication, segregation, and repair. The kinetics of inhibition of these genes on p21 induction parallels the onset of growth arrest, and their reexpression on release from p21 precedes the reentry of cells into cell cycle, indicating that inhibition of cell-cycle progression genes is a mechanism of p21-induced growth arrest. p21 also up-regulates multiple genes that have been associated with senescence or implicated in age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, amyloidosis, and arthritis. Most of the tested p21-induced genes were not activated in cells that had been growth arrested by serum starvation, but some genes were induced in both forms of growth arrest. Several p21-induced genes encode secreted proteins with paracrine effects on cell growth and apoptosis. In agreement with the overexpression of such proteins, conditioned media from p21-induced cells were found to have antiapoptotic and mitogenic activity. These results suggest that the effects of p21 induction on gene expression in senescent cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer and age-related diseases.
Parenting Children With Diabetes (2001)

Perhaps no psychosocial issue has resulted in the production of more popular literature than that of parenting. There are books on parenting infants and toddlers (e.g., Touchpoints ), adolescents (e.g., Romance of Risk and Get Out of My Life ), difficult children (e.g., Raising Your Spirited Child and Your Defiant Child ), boys (e.g., Raising Cain and Real Boys ), girls (e.g., Reviving Ophelia and Brave New Girls ), and children with specific problems (e.g., Taking Charge of ADHD and The Bipolar Child ). Indeed, there seems to be a parenting book for just about every type of child. Not surprisingly, there are also books about how best to parent children and adolescents with chronic illnesses such as diabetes (e.g., Raising a Child With Diabetes and The Ten Keys to Helping Your Child Grow Up With Diabetes ).

We have learned from seminal articles on family and diabetes1,2 that family is an important aspect of life for children and adolescents with diabetes and that parenting is one aspect of family life that can affect and be affected by a child’s diabetes. However, recent research3 has debunked the conventional wisdom that parenting directly affects behavior. This research suggests that a child’s behavior is the result of the “interrelated effects of parenting, nonfamilial influences, and the role of the broader context in which families live.”3

Clearly, different parenting styles affect children differently and, in turn, affect behavior. The effects of various parenting styles on the behavior and psychosocial functioning of children with diabetes remains a complex issue.

While one may think that there are innumerable ways to parent, Maccoby and Martin4 identified four core parenting styles. They proposed that parenting is either child-centered or parent-centered and that parents either place a great deal of demand or little demand on their children.4 …
Improved ballistic transient transformation conditions for tomato fruit allow identification of organ‐specific contributions of I‐box and G‐box to the RBCS2 promoter activity (1997)

An improved protocol for the ballistic transient transformation of developing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits is reported, which allows high-resolution cis-analysis of fruit-specific transcriptional activation. The tomato RBCS2 promoter fused to the firefly luciferase gene was used as a model system for this study. Osmotic treatment of fruit slices before, during and after particle bombardment, together with the optimization of bombardment conditions, resulted in a 100-fold increase in RBCS2 promoter-driven transient luciferase expression compared with previously reported protocols. Under these conditions, the transformed RBCS2 promoter was shown to be properly regulated in a developmental fashion. A cis-analysis of the RBCS2 promoter was performed. A 37 bp domain is required for high-level RBCS2 promoter activity both in leaves and young fruits. Two conserved sequence elements within this domain, an I-box element (GATAAG) and a G-box element (CACGTG), are necessary for its activity in leaves. In contrast, in young fruits, the G-box is the single dominant cis-acting element. These findings are discussed with respect to the proposed functions of G-box and I-box binding factors in regulating plant genes in different organs.
PET imaging of prostate cancer using carbon-11-choline. (1998)

Prostate cancer and its local metastasis were visualized clearly in PET using 11C-choline.
Graphene based metal and metal oxide nanocomposites: synthesis, properties and their applications (2015)

The development of graphene based metal and metal oxide nano composites is reviewed with special focus on their synthesis and their applications in electronics, batteries, solar cells and analytics.
Update transport: a new technique for update synchronization in replicated database systems (1990)

A fully distributed approach to update synchronization is presented where each site completely executes every update. This approach has several features-higher resiliency to different kinds of failures, higher parallelism, improved response to user requests, and low communication overhead. A fully distributed algorithm for concurrency control obtained by rehashing a previously published semidistributed algorithm into the fully distributed model of update execution is presented. A performance model of replicated database systems is presented and used to study the performance of the proposed algorithm and its semidistributed version. The results of the performance study reveal that the proposed approach can substantially improve the performance at the cost of moderate input/output overhead.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Buffer block planning for interconnect-driven floorplanning (1999)

This paper studies buffer block planning for interconnect-driven floorplanning in deep submicron designs. We first introduce the concept of feasible region (FR) for buffer insertion, and derive closed-form formula for FR. We observe that the FR for a buffer is quite large in general even under fairly tight delay constraint. Therefore, FR gives us a lot of flexibility to plan for buffer locations. We then develop an effective buffer block planning (BBP) algorithm to perform buffer clustering such that the overall chip area and the buffer block number can be minimized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth study on buffer planning for interconnect-driven floorplanning with both area and delay consideration.
AU-rich elements target small nuclear RNAs as well as mRNAs for rapid degradation (1997)

AU-rich elements (AREs, usually containing repeated copies of AUUUA), when present in the 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of many mammalian mRNAs, confer instability on their host RNA molecules. The viral small nuclear RNA (snRNA) Herpesvirus saimiri U RNA 1 (HSUR 1) also contains an AUUUA-rich sequence. Here, we report that this ARE induces rapid degradation of HSUR 1 itself and of other snRNAs including HSUR 2 and cellular U1. Mutational analyses of the viral ARE establish that sequence requirements for mRNA and snRNA decay are the same, suggesting a similar mechanism. Moreover, the in vivo degradation activity of mutant AREs correlates with their in vitro binding to the HuR protein, implicated previously as a component of the mRNA degradation machinery. Our results suggest that ARE-mediated instability can be uncoupled from both ongoing translation and deadenylation of the target RNA.
Autism or atypical autism in maternally but not paternally derived proximal 15q duplication. (1997)

Duplications of proximal 15q have been found in individuals with autistic disorder (AD) and varying degrees of mental retardation. Often these abnormalities take the form of a supernumerary inverted duplicated chromosome 15, more properly described as an isodicentric chromosome 15, or idic(15). However, intrachromosomal duplications also have been reported. In a few cases, unaffected mothers, as well as their affected children, carry the same duplications. During the course of the genotyping of trios of affected probands with AD and their parents, at the positional candidate locus D15S122, an intrachromosomal duplication of proximal 15q was detected by microsatellite analysis in a phenotypically normal mother. Microsatellite and methylation analyses of the pedigree in the following report show that, among three children, the two with autism or atypical autism have maternal inheritance of a 15q11-q13 duplication whereas the third child, who is unaffected, did not inherit this duplication. Their mother's 15q11-q13 duplication arose de novo from her father's chromosomes 15. This finding documents, for the first time, the significance of parental origin for duplications of 15q11-q13. In this family, paternal inheritance leads to a normal phenotype, and maternal inheritance leads to autism or atypical autism.
The design and field observation of a haptic notification system for timing awareness during oral presentations (2013)

To moderate oral presentations a chair must manage time, and communicate time parameters to speakers through a variety of means. But speakers often miss time cues, chairs cannot confirm their receipt, and the broken dialogue can be a sideshow for the audience. We developed HaNS, a wireless wrist-worn chair-speaker Haptic Notification System that delivers tactile cues for time-managing oral presentations, and performed field observations at university research seminars and two mid-sized academic conferences (input from 66 speakers, 21 chairs, and 65 audience members). Results indicate that HaNS can improve a user's awareness of time, facilitate chair-speaker coordination, and reduce distraction of speaker and audience through its private communication channel. Eliminating overruns will require improvement in speaker 'internal' control, which our results suggest HaNS can also support given practice. We conclude with design guidelines for both conference-deployed and personal timing tools, using touch or another notification modality.
First-in-class, first-in-human phase I results of targeted agents: Highlights of the 2008 American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting (2008)

This review summarizes phase I trial results of 11 drugs presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting held in Chicago IL from May 30 to June 3rd 2008: BMS-663513, CT-322, CVX-045, GDC-0449, GRN163L, LY2181308, PF-00562271, RAV12, RTA 402, XL765, and the survivin vaccine.
MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF MALIGNANT GLIOMAS (2006)

Malignant gliomas, the most common type of primary brain tumor, are a spectrum of tumors of varying differentiation and malignancy grades. These tumors may arise from neural stem cells and appear to contain tumor stem cells. Early genetic events differ between astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors, but all tumors have an initially invasive phenotype, which complicates therapy. Progression-associated genetic alterations are common to different tumor types, targeting growth-promoting and cell cycle control pathways and resulting in focal hypoxia, necrosis, and angiogenesis. Knowledge of malignant glioma genetics has already impacted clinical management of these tumors, and researchers hope that further knowledge of the molecular pathology of malignant gliomas will result in novel therapies.
Membranes to achieve immunoprotection of transplanted islets (2014)

Transplantation of islet or beta cells is seen as the cure for type 1 diabetes since it allows physiological regulation of blood glucose levels without requiring any compliance from the patients. In order to circumvent the use of immunosuppressive drugs (and their side effects), semipermeable membranes have been developed to encapsulate and immunoprotect transplanted cells. This review presents the historical developments of immunoisolation and provides an update on the current research in this field. A particular emphasis is laid on the fabrication, characterization and performance of membranes developed for immunoisolation applications.
ATP-binding cassette transporters G1 and G4 mediate cellular cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoproteins (2004)

The mechanisms responsible for the inverse relationship between plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are poorly understood. The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates efflux of cellular cholesterol to lipid-poor apolipoproteins but not to HDL particles that constitute the bulk of plasma HDL. We show that two ABC transporters of unknown function, ABCG1 and ABCG4, mediate isotopic and net mass efflux of cellular cholesterol to HDL. In transfected 293 cells, ABCG1 and ABCG4 stimulate cholesterol efflux to both smaller (HDL-3) and larger (HDL-2) subclasses but not to lipid-poor apoA-I. Treatment of macrophages with an liver X receptor activator results in up-regulation of ABCG1 and increases cholesterol efflux to HDL. RNA interference reduced the expression of ABCG1 in liver X receptor-activated macrophages and caused a parallel decrease in cholesterol efflux to HDL. These studies indicate that ABCG1 and ABCG4 promote cholesterol efflux from cells to HDL. ABCG1 is highly expressed in macrophages and probably mediates cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells to the major HDL fractions, providing a mechanism to explain the relationship between HDL levels and atherosclerosis risk.
Qualitative research methods in general practice and primary care (1995)

Journal Article Qualitative research methods in general practice and primary care Get access Nicky Britten, Nicky Britten † *Department of General Practice, UMDS of Guy's and St Thomas's HospitalsLondon, UK † Correspondence to Department of General Practice, 80 Kennington Road, London SE11 6SP, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roger Jones, Roger Jones *Department of General Practice, UMDS of Guy's and St Thomas's HospitalsLondon, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elizabeth Murphy, Elizabeth Murphy **School of Social Studies, University of NottinghamUK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rosie Stacy Rosie Stacy ***Department of Primary Health Care, University of Newcastle upon TyneUK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Family Practice, Volume 12, Issue 1, March 1995, Pages 104–114, https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/12.1.104 Published: 01 March 1995
CRISPR/Cas9 targeting events cause complex deletions and insertions at 17 sites in the mouse genome (2017)

Although CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has provided numerous opportunities to interrogate the functional significance of any given genomic site, there is a paucity of data on the extent of molecular scars inflicted on the mouse genome. Here we interrogate the molecular consequences of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletions at 17 sites in four loci of the mouse genome. We sequence targeted sites in 632 founder mice and analyse 54 established lines. While the median deletion size using single sgRNAs is 9 bp, we also obtain large deletions of up to 600 bp. Furthermore, we show unreported asymmetric deletions and large insertions of middle repetitive sequences. Simultaneous targeting of distant loci results in the removal of the intervening sequences. Reliable deletion of juxtaposed sites is only achieved through two-step targeting. Our findings also demonstrate that an extended analysis of F1 genotypes is required to obtain conclusive information on the exact molecular consequences of targeting events.
Isothermal titration calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry as complementary tools to investigate the energetics of biomolecular recognition (1999)

The principles of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are reviewed together with the basic thermodynamic formalism on which the two techniques are based. Although ITC is particularly suitable to follow the energetics of an association reaction between biomolecules, the combination of ITC and DSC provides a more comprehensive description of the thermodynamics of an associating system. The reason is that the parameters DeltaG, DeltaH, DeltaS, and DeltaCp obtained from ITC are global properties of the system under study. They may be composed to varying degrees of contributions from the binding reaction proper, from conformational changes of the component molecules during association, and from changes in molecule/solvent interactions and in the state of protonation.
Next-Generation Network Services (2005)

A guide to building service-oriented networks to differentiate and grow your businessi? Understand the changing landscape of the telecommunications industry and what technologies can lead to business and revenue growth Examine the rise of IP in LAN, WAN, wireless, and global networking applications Learn about the multiservice network architecture, including next-generation ATM, IP/MPLS, MSPP, and MSSP platforms Discover the strategic advantage offered by VPN technologies, including IPsec VPNs, SSL VPNs, wireless VPNs, site-to-site VPNs, Layer 3 and Layer 2 MPLS VPNs, VPLS, multicast VPNs, and multiservice VPNs Get introduced to optical technology components and optical features including SONET/SDH, RPR, DWDM, CWDM, optical Ethernet, and IP over optical Evaluate metropolitan and long-haul optical networks to accommodate rising broadband demands Learn the fundamentals of wireline networks, including narrowband, ISDN, Frame Relay, Digital Loop Carrier, Broadband xDSL, cable, and Ethernet in residential applications Unleash the power of mobility, cellular, and wireless LAN technologiesA new era of network services has evolved to meet the needs of IP-centric networking requirements and customer opportunity. The emphasis is on service as IP has become a prolific communications portal through which to deliver interactive solutions that improve business execution, tie the individual consumer into commerce, and extend market reach by removing the last barriers of time and distance.Next-Generation Network Services presents an overview of converged IP network services, focusing on opportunities for service differentiation and introducing current service-oriented technology. These technologies allow service providers and large enterprises to build and operate networks that provide local, long-haul, mobile, and global data and Internet services to businesses and consumers.This book explores the service provider opportunity in the new era, discussing what has changed and why a service-centric focus is the new ascendancy. This book introduces an extensive portfolio of network technologies and explains the market advantages and the service value of each solution, including IP, multiservice, virtual private network (VPN), optical, wireline, and wireless networks.Whether you are a network architect or engineer driving service innovation within a service provider or enterprise network, or you are a network executive or technology analyst looking to gain a broad overview of the telecommunications sector, Next-Generation Network Services offers you insight into the evolving internetworking technologies that will shape the future of network growth.
Segmented Cyclic Redundancy Check: A Data Protection Scheme for Fast Reading RFID Tag's Memory (2008)

In the RFID system, a reader recognizes tags through communications over a shared wireless channel. Using the singulation scheme, the reader detects a single tag from a tag population. Further, the reader sometimes requests the memory contents from the tag. The tag responds by backscattering the requested memory words and a CRC-16 is calculated over and attached to the memory words to verify the message. Since CRC is a technique for detecting errors, but not for making corrections when errors are detected, a simple and feasible solution is to retransmit the whole packet if error occurs. Unfortunately, it makes the RFID system very inefficient due to time delay, especially in dense interrogator environment. This paper presents a Segmented Cyclic Redundancy Check (SCRC) algorithm, a simple, efficient and reliable algorithm for fast reading tag's memory. To reduce retransmission times and read tag's memory efficiently, SCRC corrects single-bit errors at first and the whole packet is divided into multiple segments based on the optimal segment length. Our performance evaluation shows that SCRC causes fewer retransmissions and takes shorter delay for reading RFID tag's memory than existing CRC algorithm.
Dynamic Modeling of Bellows-Actuated Continuum Robots Using the Euler–Lagrange Formalism (2015)

In the previous decade, multiple useful approaches for kinematic models of continuum manipulators were successfully developed. However, dynamic modeling approaches needed for fast simulations and the development of model-based controller design are not powerful enough yet-especially for spatial manipulators with multiple sections. Therefore, a practicable lumped mass model similar to common dynamic models of rigid-link manipulators is needed, which can be used for simulations and model-based control design. The model incorporates mechanical interconnections of parallel and serially connected bellows and uses constant curvature kinematics and its analytical derivatives to balance forces and energies in a global reference frame. The parameters of the resulting model are identified with measurements before the simulation results are experimentally validated. The obtained dynamic model can be used to both simulate the manipulator dynamics and calculate the inverse dynamics needed for model-based controller design or path planning.