gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple Cystatin C–Based Prediction Equations for Glomerular Filtration Rate Compared with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Prediction Equation for Adults and the Schwartz and the Counahan–Barratt Prediction Equations for Children (2005)

A GFR prediction equation based solely on cystatin C (in mg/L) and a prepubertal factor might replace the simplified MDRD prediction equation for adults and the Schwartz and Counahan-Barratt prediction equations for children.
A fire detecting method based on multi-sensor data fusion (2004)

In this paper, a fire detection system is designed based on multi-sensor data fusion technology. According to the fire signal's inherent character, the around temperature, smoke density and CO density are considered as the chief fire detecting signals. By introducing the "feedback" of cybernetics, a new algorithm that extracts the fire data-fitting characteristic is presented. The algorithm may improve the accuracy and quickness of early warning with a tendency feedback signal. In this fire detecting system, the fire experiential characteristic and the fire data-fitting characteristic of fire signal data are fused by the fuzzy inference system to get the last fire probability. Finally simulation experiments are done for typical flaming fire, typical smoldering fire and the fire under typical disturbance signals in kitchen environment. And satisfactory results are obtained.
A new algorithm for linear and nonlinear ARMA model parameter estimation using affine geometry [and application to blood flow/pressure data] (2001)

A linear and nonlinear autoregressive (AR) moving average (MA) (ARMA) identification algorithm is developed for modeling time series data. The new algorithm is based on the concepts of affine geometry in which the salient feature of the algorithm is to remove the linearly dependent ARMA vectors from the pool of candidate ARMA vectors. For noiseless time series data with a priori incorrect model-order selection, computer simulations show that accurate linear and nonlinear ARMA model parameters can be obtained with the new algorithm. Many algorithms, including the fast orthogonal search (FOS) algorithm, are not able to obtain correct parameter estimates in every case, even with noiseless time series data, because their model-order search criteria are suboptimal. For data contaminated with noise, computer simulations show that the new algorithm performs better than the FOS algorithm for MA processes, and similarly to the FOS algorithm for ARMA processes. However, the computational time to obtain the parameter estimates with the new algorithm is faster than with FOS. Application of the new algorithm to experimentally obtained renal blood flow and pressure data show that the new algorithm is reliable in obtaining physiologically understandable transfer function relations between blood pressure and flow signals.
Semmler-Wolff aromatisation and abnormal Beckmann and Schmidt reactions of 3-alkyl-4-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazoles and their oximes in polyphosphoric acid (1973)

(E)-3-Alkyl-4-hydroxyimino-1-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazoles (XII) reacted in polyphosphoric acid to give mainly 3-alkyl-4-amino-1-phenylindazoles (XIII) and the abnormal Beckmann products, 3-alkyl-4-oxo-1-phenyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]azepines (XIV). The use of deuteriated polyphosphoric acid showed that the azepine did not arise from ring expansion of an azirine formed from a nitrenium ion and moreover that no interaction occurred between the nitrenium ion and 3-alkyl substituents. 3-(m-Methoxyphenyl)-1,6,6-trimethyl-4-hydroxyimino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazole (XX) gave, in addition to the corresponding 4-aminoindazole (XXI) and 4-oxo-lactam (XXII), a product (XXIII) arising by bond insertion into the nitrenium ion from the 3-(m-methoxyphenyl) group. The Schmidt reaction on 3-alkyl-6,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroinda-zoles (XXIV) gave mainly the 4-oxo-lactam (XIV), plus some 5-oxo-lactam (XV), together with the corresponding amine formed on aromatisation (XIII), indicating that reaction proceeded through a different intermediate. Both 6,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazole and its (Z)-oxime underwent normal Beckmann and normal Schmidt reactions to give the 4-oxo-lactam.
Cross-architecture performance predictions for scientific applications using parameterized models (2004)

This paper describes a toolkit for semi-automatically measuring and modeling static and dynamic characteristics of applications in an architecture-neutral fashion. For predictable applications, models of dynamic characteristics have a convex and differentiable profile. Our toolkit operates on application binaries and succeeds in modeling key application characteristics that determine program performance. We use these characterizations to explore the interactions between an application and a target architecture. We apply our toolkit to SPARC binaries to develop architecture-neutral models of computation and memory access patterns of the ASCI Sweep3D and the NAS SP, BT and LU benchmarks. From our models, we predict the L1, L2 and TLB cache miss counts as well as the overall execution time of these applications on an Origin 2000 system. We evaluate our predictions by comparing them against measurements collected using hardware performance counters.
Angiotensin II induces hypertrophy, not hyperplasia, of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. (1988)

We have explored the hypothesis that contractile agonists are important regulators of smooth muscle cell growth by examining the effects of one potent contractile agonist, angiotensin II (AII), on both cell proliferation and cellular hypertrophy. AII neither stimulated proliferation of cells made quiescent in a defined serum-free media nor augmented cell proliferation induced by serum or platelet-derived growth factor. However, AII did induce cellular hypertrophy of postconfluent quiescent cultures following 4 days of treatment, increasing smooth muscle cell protein content by 20% as compared with vehicle-treated controls. AII-induced hypertrophy was maximal at 1 microM, had an ED50 of 5 nM, and was blocked by the specific AII receptor antagonist Sar1,Ile8 AII. The cellular hypertrophy was due to an increase in protein synthesis, which was elevated within 6-9 hours following AII treatment, while no changes in protein degradation were apparent. AII was even more effective in inducing hypertrophy of subconfluent cultures, causing a 38% increase in protein content after 4 days of treatment (1 microM) and showing a maximal response at concentrations as low as 0.1 nM. Interestingly, in subconfluent cultures, AII treatment (1 microM, 4 days) was associated with a 50% increase in the fraction of cells with 4C DNA content with the virtual absence of cells in S-phase of the cell cycle, consistent with either arrest of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle or development of tetraploidy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chronic Tendon Pain: No Signs of Chemical Inflammation but High Concentrations of the Neurotransmitter Glutamate. Implications for Treatment? (2002)

Chronic musculo-tendinous pain syndromes are relatively common and associated with very high socio-economic costs. Their aetiology and pathogenesis are still unknown. In the athletic population, chronic tendon pain is most often seen among recreational male and female athletes in the age group between 30-60 years, and is considered to be associated with overuse of the aged tendon. Treatment is known to be difficult. In general, these chronic painful conditions have been considered to include an inflammatory component, and the nomenclature used (tendinitis, tendonitis) most often implies an inflammatory involvement. Despite that tendon biopsies have shown an absence of inflammatory cell infiltration, anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID'S, corticosteroidal injections) are most often included in the treatment. Our research has been focused on chronic painful conditions in the Achilles-, patellar-, and extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)-tendons. We have demonstrated, for the first time, that it is possible to use the microdialysis technique for in vivo investigations of human tendons, and that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate exists in human tendons. We have identified and measured the concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in tendons as well. The results showed that chronic painful tendinosis (Achilles-, patellar-, ECRB-) had significantly higher concentrations of glutamate, but not PGE2, as compared to the pain-free normal tendons. With the use of immunohistochemical analyses and enzyme histochemistry of human Achilles- and patellar tendon biopsies, we have also, for the first time demonstrated that glutamate NMDARI-immunoreaction was present in nerve structures. These findings altogether, indicate that glutamate might be involved in chronic tendon pain, and further emphasizes that there is no chemical inflammation (normal PGE2 levels) in the chronic stage of these relatively common so-called tendinopathies. The findings of glutamate and it's NMDARI-receptors might have implications for treatment and be a potential target for drugs.
A High-Affinity Fully Human Anti–IL-6 mAb, 1339, for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (2009)

Our data confirm in vitro and in vivo anti-multiple myeloma activity of, as well as inhibition of bone turnover by, fully humanized mAb 1339, as a single agent and in combination with conventional and novel agents, providing a rationale for its clinical evaluation in multiple myeloma.
Sound Transmission for HDTV Using Baseband Multiplexing into MUSE Video Signal (1987)

A coding system developed for sound transmission accompanying the MUSE system HDTV picture is described.
Anti-inflammatory treatment strategies for ischemia/reperfusion injury in transplantation (2010)

Inflammatory reactions in the graft have a pivotal influence on acute as well as long-term graft function. The main reasons for an inflammatory reaction of the graft tissue are rejection episodes, infections as well as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The latter is of particular interest as it affects every solid organ during the process of transplantation. I/R injury impairs acute as well as long-term graft function and is associated with an increased number of acute rejection episodes that again affect long-term graft outcome.I/R injury is the result of ATP depletion during prolonged hypoxia. Further tissue damage results from the reperfusion of the tissue after the ischemic insult. Adaptive cellular responses activate the innate immune system with its Toll-like receptors and the complement system as well as the adaptive immune system. This results in a profound inflammatory tissue reaction with immune cells infiltrating the tissue. The damage is mediated by various cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and compounds of the extracellular matrix. The expression of these factors is regulated by specific transcription factors with NF-kappaB being one of the key modulators of inflammation.Strategies to prevent or treat I/R injury include blockade of cytokines/chemokines, adhesion molecules, NF-kappaB, specific MAP kinases, metalloproteinases, induction of protective genes, and modulation of the innate immune system. Furthermore, preconditioning of the donor is an area of intense research. Here pharmacological treatment as well as new additives to conventional cold storage solutions have been analyzed together with new techniques for the perfusion of grafts, or methods of normothermic storage that would avoid the problem of cold damage and graft ischemia.However, the number of clinical trials in the field of I/R injury is limited as compared to the large body of experimental knowledge that accumulated during recent years in the field of I/R injury. Future activities in the treatment of I/R injury should focus on the translation of experimental protocols into clinical trials in order to reduce I/R injury and, thus, improve short- as well as long-term graft outcome.
Maximum-likelihood dual-energy tomographic image reconstruction (2002)

Dual-energy (DE) X-ray computed tomography (CT) has shown promise for material characterization and for providing quantitatively accurate CT values in a variety of applications. However, DE-CT has not been used routinely in medicine to date, primarily due to dose considerations. Most methods for DE-CT have used the filtered backprojection method for image reconstruction, leading to suboptimal noise/dose properties. This paper describes a statistical (maximum-likelihood) method for dual-energy X-ray CT that accommodates a wide variety of potential system configurations and measurement noise models. Regularized methods (such as penalized-likelihood or Bayesian estimation) are straightforward extensions. One version of the algorithm monotonically decreases the negative log-likelihood cost function each iteration. An ordered-subsets variation of the algorithm provides a fast and practical version.
Reducing the sensitivity of IMPT treatment plans to setup errors and range uncertainties via probabilistic treatment planning (2008)

Treatment plans optimized for intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) may be very sensitive to setup errors and range uncertainties. If these errors are not accounted for during treatment planning, the dose distribution realized in the patient may by strongly degraded compared to the planned dose distribution. The authors implemented the probabilistic approach to incorporate uncertainties directly into the optimization of an intensity modulated treatment plan. Following this approach, the dose distribution depends on a set of random variables which parameterize the uncertainty, as does the objective function used to optimize the treatment plan. The authors optimize the expected value of the objective function. They investigate IMPT treatment planning regarding range uncertainties and setup errors. They demonstrate that incorporating these uncertainties into the optimization yields qualitatively different treatment plans compared to conventional plans which do not account for uncertainty. The sensitivity of an IMPT plan depends on the dose contributions of individual beam directions. Roughly speaking, steep dose gradients in beam direction make treatment plans sensitive to range errors. Steep lateral dose gradients make plans sensitive to setup errors. More robust treatment plans are obtained by redistributing dose among different beam directions. This can be achieved by the probabilistic approach. In contrast, the safety margin approach as widely applied in photon therapy fails in IMPT and is neither suitable for handling range variations nor setup errors.
Updated system model for x-ray lithography (1994)

We present an updated global model for x-ray lithography based on realistic models for image formation, demonstrating how the extendibility of x-ray lithography is well in the nanometer range. We apply these models to define the most convenient spectral range for x-ray lithography manufacturing and the parameters of mirrors and filters to be used in an optimized beam line.
Clinical Studies of Three Oral Prodrugs of 5-Fluorouracil (Capecitabine, UFT, S-1): A Review (2002)

Although 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was first introduced in 1957, it remains an essential part of the treatment of a wide range of solid tumors. 5-FU has antitumor activity against epithelial malignancies arising in the gastrointestinal tract and breast as well as the head and neck, with single-agent response rates of only 10%-30%. Although 5-FU is still the most widely prescribed agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer, less than one-third of patients achieve objective responses. Recent research has focused on the biomodulation of 5-FU to improve the cytotoxicity and therapeutic effectiveness of this drug in the treatment of advanced disease. As all the anticancer agents, 5-FU leads to several toxicities. The toxicity profile of 5-FU is schedule dependent. Myelotoxicity is the major toxic effect in patients receiving bolus doses. Hand-foot syndrome (palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia), stomatitis, and neuro- and cardiotoxicities are associated with continuous infusions. Other adverse effects associated with both bolus-dose and continuous-infusion regimens include nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, alopecia, and dermatitis. All these reasons explain the need for more effective and less toxic fluoropyrimidines. In the first part of this review, we briefly present the metabolic pathways of 5-FU responsible for the efficacy and toxicity of this drug. This knowledge is also necessary to understand the target(s) of biomodulation. The second part is devoted to a review of the literature on three recent prodrugs of 5-FU, i.e., capecitabine, UFT (ftorafur [FTO] plus uracil), and S-1 (FTO plus 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine plus potassium oxonate). The pharmacological principles that have influenced the development of these new drugs and our current knowledge of the clinical pharmacology of these new agents, focusing on antitumor activity and toxicity, are presented. The literature was analyzed until March 2002. This review is intended to be as exhaustive as possible since it was conceived as a work tool for readers wanting to go further.
Inciting inflammation: the RAGE about tumor promotion (2008)

Mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity play a pivotal role in the development of cancer. Chronic inflammation can drive tumor development, but antitumor immunity can also restrict or even prevent tumor growth. New data show that feed-forward signals downstream of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) can fuel chronic inflammation, creating a microenvironment that is ideal for tumor formation.
Intelligent retrieval of chest X‐ray image database using sketches (1989)

Abstract This paper discusses the improvement of the function of the database system for chest X‐ray images, utilizing sketches described in a previous report. An experimental study was made on the intelligent retrieval of the image database using sketches. More precisely, the following points are investigated: (1) the procedure for constructing the sketch is improved, upgrading the function. The aim primarily is to improve the accuracy in the extracted rib image and the lung border. (2) The earlier sketch is a binary line figure, while in the new system, a gray‐level sketch is also possible. The aim is mostly the diagnosis record assist, as well as the retrieval of figure description and the patterns. (3) In the earlier system, only the feature parameters can be the object of retrieval, while the new system can retrieve the figure description as well as some of the patterns. Those are especially desirable aspects as a basic study for realizing the intelligent retrieval of the image database.
Multiaccess fading channels. I. Polymatroid structure, optimal resource allocation and throughput capacities (1998)

In multiaccess wireless systems, dynamic allocation of resources such as transmit power, bandwidths, and rates is an important means to deal with the time-varying nature of the environment. We consider the problem of optimal resource allocation from an information-theoretic point of view. We focus on the multiaccess fading channel with Gaussian noise, and define two notions of capacity depending on whether the traffic is delay-sensitive or not. We characterize the throughput capacity region which contains the long-term achievable rates through the time-varying channel. We show that each point on the boundary of the region can be achieved by successive decoding. Moreover, the optimal rate and power allocations in each fading state can be explicitly obtained in a greedy manner. The solution can be viewed as the generalization of the water-filling construction for single-user channels to multiaccess channels with arbitrary number of users, and exploits the underlying polymatroid structure of the capacity region.
Replication of Hepatitis C Virus in Cultured Non‐neoplastic Human Hepatocytes (1996)

We established a replication system for hepatitis C virus (HCV) using the PH5CH non-neoplastic human hepatocyte line that had been immortalized with simian virus 40 large T antigen. In cells inoculated with sera derived from two HCV-positive blood donors, positive-stranded HCV RNA was detected up to 30 days postinoculation (p.i.). Semi-quantitative analysis of HCV RNA revealed that HCV multiplied during the period of culture. Sequence analysis of the HCV hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) in both cases indicated that HVR1 populations from the cells at 8 days p.i. were apparently different from those of the original inocula. HVR1 populations in infected cells became homogeneous or just a few species were selected over time. These results suggest that HCV is replicating in the human hepatocyte PH5CH cells. This culture system will be useful for detailed studies of the biological effects of HCV in human hepatocytes.
Assessment in Traumatic Brain Injury (2002)

Lynch, William J. PhD, ABPPEditor(s): Lynch, William J. PhD, ABPP (Editor) Author Information
Pleiotropic Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in TGF-β-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Their Functions in Tumor Progression (2017)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a spatially- and temporally-regulated process involved in physiological and pathological transformations, such as embryonic development and tumor progression. While the role of TGF-β as an EMT-inducer has been extensively documented, the molecular mechanisms regulating this transition and their implications in tumor metastasis are still subjects of intensive debates and investigations. TGF-β regulates EMT through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, and recent advances underline the critical roles of non-coding RNAs in these processes. Although microRNAs and lncRNAs have been clearly identified as effectors of TGF-β-mediated EMT, the contributions of other atypical non-coding RNA species, such as piRNAs, snRNAs, snoRNAs, circRNAs, and even housekeeping tRNAs, have only been suggested and remain largely elusive. This review discusses the current literature including the most recent reports emphasizing the regulatory functions of non-coding RNA in TGF-β-mediated EMT, provides original experimental evidence, and advocates in general for a broader approach in the quest of new regulatory RNAs.
Flow Injection Amperometric Enzyme Biosensor for Direct Determination of Organophosphate Nerve Agents (2001)

A flow injection amperometric biosensor for the determination of organophosphate nerve agents was developed. The biosensor incorporated an immobilized enzyme reactor that contains the enzyme organophosphorus hydrolase covalently immobilized on activated aminopropyl controlled pore glass beads and an electrochemical flow-through detector containing carbon paste working electrode, a silver/silver chloride reference electrode, and stainless steel counter electrode. The organophosphorus hydrolase catalyzed the hydrolysis of organophosphate with nitrophenyl substituent to generate p-nitrophenol which is then detected downstream electrochemically at the carbon paste electrode poised at 0.9 V vs the reference electrode. The amperometric response of the biosensor was linear up to 120 microM and 140 microM, with lower detection limits of 20 nM and 20 nM, for paraoxon and methyl parathion, respectively. The response was very reproducible (RSD 2%, n = 35) and stable for over 1 month when the immobilized enzyme column was stored at 4 degrees C. Each assay took ca. 2 min giving a sample throughput of 30 h(-1). The applicability of the biosensor to monitor paraoxon and methyl parathion in distilled water and simulated well water was demonstrated.