gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T/NK Bipotent Progenitors in the Thymus Retain the Potential to Generate Dendritic Cells (2003)

We have previously shown that the earliest thymic progenitors retain the potential to generate T and NK cells and that they lose the bipotentiality to give rise to unipotent T and NK progenitors during the progression of intrathymic developmental stages. The present study examines the ability of these thymic progenitors for generation of dendritic cells (DC) with a new clonal assay that is capable of determining the developmental potential for DC in addition to T cells and NK cells. We found that the large majority of the T/NK bipotential progenitors in the earliest population of fetal thymus was able to generate DC. Although the DC potential is lost with the progression of the differentiation stage, some of the T/NK bipotential progenitors still retain their DC potential even at the CD44(+)CD25(+) stage.
Animal Cell Culture (1990)

Basic Cell Culture.- Establishment, Maintenance, and Cloning of Human Primary Cell Strains.- Aging of Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts.- Separation and Maintenance of Primary T and B Lymphocytes.- Establishment of Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines.- Scale-Up of Suspension and Anchorage-Dependent Animal Cells.- Mycoplasma Detection.- Short-Term Chorionic Villi and Amniotic Fluid Cultures.- Keratinocyte Culture.- Establishment of Mouse Epithelial Lung Cell Strains and Cell Lines.- Culture of Human Brain Tumors on an Extracellular Matrix Derived from Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells and Cultured Human Glioma Cells.- Embryonic Rodent Brain Cells in Culture.- Human Thyroid Epithelial Cells.- Preparation of Isolated Rat Liver Hepatocytes.- Primary Cultures of Rat Hepatocytes.- Preparation of Isolated Periportal or Perivenous Hepatocytes from Rat Liver.- Primary Kidney Cells.- Adipocytes.- Tissue Culture of Skeletal Muscle.- Derivation and Maintenance of Embryonic Stem Cell Cultures.- Defining Hormone and Matrix Requirements for Differentiated Epithelia.- Culturing Primitive Hemopoietic Cells.- High Proliferative Potential Colony Forming Cells.- Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages.- Long-Term B Lymphoid Cultures from Murine Bone Marrow.- CFU-C in Agar.- Human Long-Term Bone Marrow Culture.- In Vitro Clonal Culture of Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells.- Flow Sorting for Isolating CFU-E.- Production of Human and Murine Eosinophils In Vitro and Assay for Eosinophil Differentiation Factors.- Clonogenic Assays for Hematopoietic and Tumor Cells Using Agar-Containing Capillaries.- Cytogenetic Techniques for Human Leukemias.- Time-Lapse Cinemicroscopy.- Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscope Preparation of Whole Cultured Cells.- Double Indirect-Immunofluorescent Labeling of Cultured Cells.- Gene Mapping to Chromosomes by Hybridization in Situ.- In Situ Hybridization with Radiolabeled cRNA Probes, Using Tissue Sections and Smears.- Immunogold Labeling for Electron Microscopy.- Human Chromosome Analysis and Sorting.- Flow Cytometry.- Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting According to Receptor Density.- Transfection and Transformation of Human Thyroid Epithelial Cells.- Expression of Foreign Genes in Cultured Insect Cells Using a Recombinant Baculovirus Vector.- Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase as a Reporter in Mammalian Gene Transfer.- Immunizing Schedules for Hybridoma Production.- Fusion Protocol for the Production of Mouse Hybridomas.- Cloning of Hybridomas.- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Screening of Antibodies in Hybridoma Supernatants.- Cryopreservation of Hybridomas.- Isotype Determination of Monoclonal Antibodies by Immunodiffusion.- Isoelectric Focusing and Immunofixation of Monoclonal Antibodies.- Large-Scale Production and Storage of Monoclonal Antibodies and Hybridomas.- Purification of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies.- Rat x Rat Hybridomas.- Monoclonal Antibodies Against Glycosphingolipids (GSLs)-Gangliosides.
Gallium arsenide p-i-n radial structures for photovoltaic applications (2009)

Gallium arsenide p-i-n radial junctions were fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy. The current-voltage characteristics of single nanowires were measured in the dark and under various illumination conditions including 1.5 AM. The total efficiency was 4.5%. Spatially resolved and power dependent photocurrent measurements indicate that the p-i-n junction is homogeneous along the nanowire. Electroluminescence measurements show an emission peak at about 1.4 eV, further corroborating the good quality of the nanowire. These results constitute an important progress for the use of nanowires in photovoltaic applications.
Chemotherapeutic deletion of CTG repeats in lymphoblast cells from DM1 patients (2004)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by the expansion of a (CTG).(CAG) repeat in the DMPK gene on chromosome 19q13.3. At least 17 neurological diseases have similar genetic mutations, the expansion of DNA repeats. In most of these disorders, the disease severity is related to the length of the repeat expansion, and in DM1 the expanded repeat undergoes further elongation in somatic and germline tissues. At present, in this class of diseases, no therapeutic approach exists to prevent or slow the repeat expansion and thereby reduce disease severity or delay disease onset. We present initial results testing the hypothesis that repeat deletion may be mediated by various chemotherapeutic agents. Three lymphoblast cell lines derived from two DM1 patients treated with either ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), mitomycin C, mitoxantrone or doxorubicin, at therapeutic concentrations, accumulated deletions following treatment. Treatment with EMS frequently prevented the repeat expansion observed during growth in culture. A significant reduction of CTG repeat length by 100-350 (CTG).(CAG) repeats often occurred in the cell population following treatment with these drugs. Potential mechanisms of drug-induced deletion are presented.
New technologies in manufacturing of different implantable microelectrodes as an interface to the peripheral nervous system (2006)

Implantable microelectrodes represent the direct interface between biological tissue and technical systems. Different designs like cuff, shaft, sieve, and needle electrodes were developed. The results of the different electrodes were compared and discussed. Microfabrication methods enable the design of novel kinds of electrodes including active electronics. Integrated electronic circuitry can reduce the number of connection lines to the electrode and increase the signal quality. This paper presents some examples of production technology and designs of neural prostheses for recording and stimulation
Evolving New Stimulation Process Proves Highly Effective in Level 1 Dual-Lateral Completion (2002)

Abstract Key Production Co. began using short-radius, moderate length openhole horizontal lateral recompletions in re-entries of wells in a limestone/dolomite reservoir in northwest Texas. They found that a few wells needed some type of stimulation to achieve optimum production rates. A dual lateral (90° opposed) was drilled on one re-entry to improve production performance. This well was in an area of the field with below-average reservoir quality, and production rates were still disappointing even with two lateral sections. Fracture acidizing was the most likely method to achieve the degree of stimulation needed. There was concern that this might lead to unwanted communication with the aquifer zone below the oil column. Conventional stimulation methods could not achieve multiple, well-spaced, limited-sized fractures. The operator used a new hydrajet-fracturing technology that has shown a very high success rate in other areas to achieve the stimulation needed for this well, and at acceptable cost. Six separate fractures were placed at selected locations along each of the two lateral sections (12 distinct fractures) in less than 8 hours from first pumping to final displacement. The resulting production rates far exceeded the operator's expectations. This paper presents a brief review of the hydrajet-fracturing stimulation process and specific details related to its highly successful application in this Level 1 dual-lateral completion.
EPOXIDE HYDROLASES: Mechanisms, Inhibitor Designs, and Biological Roles (2004)

Organisms are exposed to epoxide-containing compounds from both exogenous and endogenous sources. In mammals, the hydration of these compounds by various epoxide hydrolases (EHs) can not only regulate their genotoxicity but also, for lipid-derived epoxides, their endogenous roles as chemical mediators. Recent findings suggest that the EHs as a family represent novel drug discovery targets for regulation of blood pressure, inflammation, cancer progression, and the onset of several other diseases. Knowledge of the EH mechanism provides a solid foundation for the rational design of inhibitors, and this review summarizes the current understanding of the catalytic mechanism of the EHs. Although the overall EH mechanism is now known, the molecular basis of substrate selectivity, possible allosteric regulation, and many fine details of the catalytic mechanism remain to be solved. Finally, recent development in the design of EH inhibitors and the EH biological role are discussed.
A chimeric RecA protein exhibits altered double-stranded DNA binding. (1994)

RecAc38 protein, a chimeric RecA protein of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is proficient in the renaturation from complementary single strands. However, RecAc38 protein showed a significant deficiency in promoting homologous pairing of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA. RecAc38 protein was able to remove the secondary structure of single-stranded DNA, the first step of homologous pairing, at a slightly reduced rate. RecAc38 protein-single-stranded DNA-complex (presynaptic complex) was found to be deficient in the sequence-independent binding to double-stranded DNA which is a step in the search for the homology. On the other hand, once unwinding was initiated, RecAc38 protein was able to propagate the unwinding of the double helix at the same extent as wild-type RecA protein. These defects and the proficiency of RecAc38 protein are explained by a model showing that RecA protein has three distinct DNA strand-binding sites (a site for the primary binding to single-stranded DNA, a site for the binding to a strand of second single- or double-stranded DNA, and a site required for the binding to the other strand of the double-stranded DNA) and that RecAc38 protein has a defect in the third site.
An interactive visualization of Genetic Algorithm on 2-D graph (2011)

The visualization of search space makes it easy to understand the behavior of the Genetic Algorithms (GAs). We proposed a novel way for representation of multidimensional search space of the GA on 2-D graph. This visualization is carried out based on the gene values of the current generation, and user interruption is only required after several generations. The main contribution of this research is to propose an approach to visualize the GA search data and to improve the searching process of the GA with user's intention in different generations. Besides the selection of best individual or parents for the next generation, interference of user is required to propose a new individual in the search space. Hence, the active user intervention leads to a faster searching, resulting in less user fatigue. The experiments were carried out by evolving the parameters to derive the rules for a Parametric L-System. These rules are then used to model the growth process of branching structures in 3-D space. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of the proposed approach to converge to optimized solution as compared to the Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA).
High performance CMOS surrounding gate transistor (SGT) for ultra high density LSIs (2003)

A novel transistor with compact structure has been developed for MOS devices. This transistor, whose gate electrode surrounds the pillar silicon island, reduces the occupied area for all kinds of circuits. For example, the occupied area of a CMOS inverter can be shrunk to 50% of that using planar transistors. The other advantages are steep cutoff characteristics, very small substrate bias effects, and high reliability. These features are due to the unique structure, which results in greater gate controllability and in electric field relaxation at the drain edge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Acute antibody-directed myostatin inhibition attenuates disuse muscle atrophy and weakness in mice (2011)

Counteracting the atrophy of skeletal muscle associated with disuse has significant implications for minimizing the wasting and weakness in plaster casting, joint immobilization, and other forms of limb unloading, with relevance to orthopedics, sports medicine, and plastic and reconstructive surgery. We tested the hypothesis that antibody-directed myostatin inhibition would attenuate the loss of muscle mass and functional capacity in mice during 14 or 21 days of unilateral hindlimb casting. Twelve-week-old C57BL/10 mice were subjected to unilateral hindlimb plaster casting or served as controls. Mice received subcutaneous injections of saline or a mouse chimera of anti-human myostatin antibody (PF-354, 10 mg/kg; n = 6-9) on days 0 and 7 and were tested for muscle function on day 14, or were treated on days 0, 7, and 14 and tested for muscle function on day 21. Hindlimb casting reduced muscle mass, fiber size, and function of isolated soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles (P < 0.05). PF-354 attenuated the loss of muscle mass, fiber size, and function with greater effects after 14 days than after 21 days of casting, when wasting and weakness had plateaued (P < 0.05). Antibody-directed myostatin inhibition therefore attenuated the atrophy and loss of functional capacity in muscles from mice subjected to unilateral hindlimb casting with reductions in muscle size and strength being most apparent during the first 14 days of disuse. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of antibody-directed myostatin inhibition for disuse atrophy especially within the first 2 wk of disuse.
The Soluble Catalytic Domain of Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Cleaves the Propeptide of Progelatinase A and Initiates Autoproteolytic Activation (1996)

It has been proposed that the cell-mediated activation of progelatinase A requires binding of the C-terminal domain of the proenzyme to a membrane-associated complex of the membrane type matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP and TIMP-2. Subsequent sequential proteolysis of the propeptide by MT1-MMP and gelatinase A is thought to generate the active form of gelatinase A. We have prepared the proform of the catalytic domain of the MT1-MMP and demonstrated that this may be activated in vitro by trypsin proteolysis to yield a functional proteinase capable of cleaving typical metalloproteinase peptide substrates, gelatin and casein. The active catalytic domain of MT1-MMP was also shown to activate progelatinase A to a fully active form. Using the inactive mutant pro-E375A gelatinase A, we dissected the propeptide processing events that occur. MT1-MMP cleaves the propeptide at the sequence Asn37-Leu38 only. Further cleavage of the mutant enzyme propeptide at Asn80-Tyr81, equivalent to that of the active wild type gelatinase A, could only be effected by addition of gelatinase A to the system. TIMP-1 was essentially unable to prevent MT1-MMP processing of wild type or E375A progelatinase A, whereas TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 were good inhibitors of these events. Analysis of the rate of binding of TIMPs to the catalytic domain of MT1-MMP using kinetic methods showed that TIMP-1 is an extremely poor inhibitor of MT1-MMP. In comparison, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 are excellent inhibitors, binding more rapidly to the catalytic domain of MT1-MMP than to the catalytic domain of gelatinase A. These data demonstrate the basic mechanism of MT1-MMP action on progelatinase A and the reason for the lack of inhibition by TIMP-1 previously demonstrated in cell-based activation studies.
Single-Step Selection of Bivalent Aptamers Validated by Comparison with SELEX Using High-Throughput Sequencing (2014)

The identification of nucleic acid aptamers would be advanced if they could be obtained after fewer rounds of selection and amplification. In this paper the identification of bivalent aptamers for thrombin by SELEX and single-step selection are compared using next generation sequencing and motif finding informatics. Results show that similar aptamers are identified by both methods. This is significant because it shows that next generation sequencing and motif finding informatics have the potential to simplify the selection of aptamers by avoiding multiple rounds of enzymatic transcription and amplification.
The Assessment of Platelet Derived Growth Factor Concentration in Post Myocardial Infarction and Stable Angina Patients (1998)

Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. PDGF is released by aggregating platelets and monocytes which gather around sites of arterial injury. In the study reported here the concentration of plasma PDGF was measured in post myocardial infarction (MI) patients (n = 28), angina patients (n = 25), and control subjects (n = 27). Venous blood samples were taken and the concentration of PDGF determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasma PDGF concentrations were significantly higher in the post MI group compared to both the control and angina groups (P < or = 0.05). The increase in PDGF concentration may be due to increased activation of platelets or monocytes since these two cells are major sources of plasma PDGF. High concentrations of PDGF in the circulation could further accelerate the progression of the disease.
Immunoprecipitation (2016)

Selective immunoprecipitation of proteins is a useful tool for characterizing proteins and protein-protein interactions. Clear step-by-step protocols are provided for preparing lysates of cells and yeast under a variety of conditions, for binding the antibody to a solid matrix, and for performing the actual immunoprecipitation. An additional method is provided for increasing the specificity of the technique by reprecipitating the antigen with the same or a different antibody. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Intravenous aminophylline confers no benefit in acute asthma treated with intravenous steroids and inhaled bronchodilators (1993)

Thirty-one patients were clinically sufficiently improved within 12 hours to be discharged home from the ED. The remaining 28 patients were admitted to the inpatient ward for a total trial duration of 48 hours. No significant difference was found between the placebo and treatment groups for measurements of PEFR, or for the duration of stay of the patients in hospital. The power of the study was 80% for a 25% to 33% difference at a 5% level of significance. Presentation values of PEFR and arterial blood gases did not predict which patients would require inpatient admission and which could be safely discharged home from the ED.
Detection of Atrial Fibrillation During Sinus Tachycardia Induced by Exercise in Patients with Implantable Atrial Defibrillators (1999)

Accurate detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) is essential for appropriate operation of an implantable atrial defibrillator (IAD). However, during episodes of sinus tachycardia, distinction between AF and sinus rhythm (SR) using the "quiet interval" and "baseline crossing" analysis in the detection algorithm of the IAD may be difficult. The efficacy of this AF detection algorithm was tested in five patients implanted with an IAD (METRIX, Model 3000 or 3020, InControl Inc.) during treadmill exercise testing. The IADs were programmed to Monitor Mode with a wake up cycle of 1 minute for AF detection using the device nominal parameters or modified parameters, and to mark rhythms appropriate for shock delivery. A mean peak heart rate of 137 +/- 26 beats/min was reached during maximum exercise, and one patient developed transient AF. Seventy-eight (75 in SR, 3 in AF) and 91 (89 in SR, 2 in AF) runs of AF detection were performed using the nominal and modified parameters, respectively. The IAD detected AF and SR accurately, except for one episode of false-positive AF detection during sinus tachycardia at the nominal settings, but inappropriate shocks were prevented by minimum RR interval criteria that limited discharge at high heart rate. These results indicate that the AF detection algorithm in the IAD may become more vulnerable to false-positive AF detection during sinus tachycardia, which were avoided by reprogramming the Quiet Interval and minimum RR interval criteria for AF detection. Exercise testing appeared useful to program optimal settings of the IAD in preparation for daily activities.
Cutting Edge: N -Hydroxy Peptides: A New Class of TCR Antagonists (1999)

TCR antagonists are altered T cell epitopes that specifically inactivate T cells. Commonly, they are derived from agonists by amino acid side chain replacement at positions accessible to the TCR. In this paper we report for the first time that a main chain N-hydroxylation, which is not exposed at the surface of the MHC peptide complex, renders an agonist into an antagonist. These mimotopes are a new, yet undescribed class of TCR antagonists. The antagonists are about 100 times more potent than an unrelated peptide that competes for binding to the MHC molecule. The novel main chain modification enhances biostability and maintains side chain constitution and thus opens new prospects for the use of TCR antagonists in the treatment of pathological immune reactions.
Cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages incubated with low density lipoprotein pretreated with cigarette smoke extract. (1988)

Although cigarette smoking is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, the precise mechanisms of its adverse effects have not been fully elucidated. We incubated low density lipoprotein (LDL) with cigarette smoke (CS) extract and examined the incorporation of the lipoprotein by macrophages in vitro. When incubated with macrophages, LDL pretreated with CS extract (100 micrograms/ml) stimulated cholesteryl [14C]oleate synthesis approximately equal to 12.5-fold that with unmodified LDL and transformed macrophages to cells rich in lipid droplets positively stained with oil red O. Enhancement in cholesteryl ester synthesis was dependent on the concentration of CS-modified LDL and exhibited saturation kinetics. When subjected to electrophoreses, CS-modified LDL migrated to a more anionic position than did unmodified LDL and showed extensive fragmentation of apolipoprotein B. This LDL modification depended upon the incubation time and concentration of the CS extract. Superoxide dismutase inhibited modification of LDL by 52%, suggesting that superoxide anion is, at least in part, involved. These results suggest that CS extract alters LDL into a form recognized and incorporated by macrophages. Such modification if it occurs in vivo, could explain the increased incidence of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in smokers.