gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luciferase Assembly after Transport into Mammalian Microsomes Involves Molecular Chaperones and Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerases (1996)

The assembly of a heterodimeric luciferase was studied after de novo synthesis of corresponding precursor proteins in reticulocyte lysate and concomitant transport into dog pancreas microsomes. This cytosolic luciferase from a prokaryotic organism (Vibrio harveyi) was specifically used as a model protein to investigate (i) whether the eukaryotic cytosol and the microsomal lumen have similar folding capabilities and (ii) whether the requirements of a polypeptide for certain molecular chaperones and folding catalysts are determined by the polypeptide or the intracellular compartment. The two luciferase subunits were fused to the preprolactin signal peptide. Data indicate that efficient assembly of luciferase occurs in the mammalian microsomes. Furthermore, it was observed that luciferase assembly can be separated in time from synthesis and membrane transport, depends on ATP hydrolysis, is partially sensitive to cyclosporin A and FK506, and in the absence of lumenal proteins is less efficient as compared with the presence of lumenal proteins. Thus, heterodimeric luciferase depends on functionally related molecular chaperones and folding catalysts during its assembly in either the eukaryotic cytosol or the microsomal lumen.
2001 ASPET Otto Krayer Award Lecture. Molecular targets for antiviral agents. (2001)

There are a number of virus-specific processes within the virus replicative cycle or virus-infected cell that have proven to be attractive targets for chemotherapeutic intervention, i.e., virus adsorption and entry into the cells, reverse (RNA --> DNA) transcription, viral DNA polymerization, and cellular enzymatic reactions that are associated with viral DNA and RNA synthesis and viral mRNA maturation (i.e., methylation). A variety of chemotherapeutic agents, both nucleoside (and nucleotide) and non-nucleoside entities, have been identified that specifically interact with these viral targets, that selectively inhibit virus replication, and that are either used or considered for clinical use in the treatment of virus infections in humans. Their indications encompass virtually all major human viral pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human papilloma virus (HPV), orthomyxoviruses (influenza A and B), paramyxoviruses [e.g., respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)] and hemorrhagic fever viruses (such as Ebola virus).
Comparison of crystal structures of human androgen receptor ligand‐binding domain complexed with various agonists reveals molecular determinants responsible for binding affinity (2006)

Androgens exert their effects by binding to the highly specific androgen receptor (AR). In addition to natural potent androgens, AR binds a variety of synthetic agonist or antagonist molecules with different affinities. To identify molecular determinants responsible for this selectivity, we have determined the crystal structure of the human androgen receptor ligand-binding domain (hARLBD) in complex with two natural androgens, testosterone (Testo) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and with an androgenic steroid used in sport doping, tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), at 1.64, 1.90, and 1.75 A resolution, respectively. Comparison of these structures first highlights the flexibility of several residues buried in the ligand-binding pocket that can accommodate a variety of ligand structures. As expected, the ligand structure itself (dimension, presence, and position of unsaturated bonds that influence the geometry of the steroidal nucleus or the electronic properties of the neighboring atoms, etc.) determines the number of interactions it can make with the hARLBD. Indeed, THG--which possesses the highest affinity--establishes more van der Waals contacts with the receptor than the other steroids, whereas the geometry of the atoms forming electrostatic interactions at both extremities of the steroid nucleus seems mainly responsible for the higher affinity measured experimentally for DHT over Testo. Moreover, estimation of the ligand-receptor interaction energy through modeling confirms that even minor modifications in ligand structure have a great impact on the strength of these interactions. Our crystallographic data combined with those obtained by modeling will be helpful in the design of novel molecules with stronger affinity for the AR.
Expression and functional analysis of voltage-activated Na+ channels in human prostate cancer cell lines and their contribution to invasion in vitro. (1997)

Ion channels are important for many cellular functions and disease states including cystic fibrosis and multidrug resistance. Previous work in the Dunning rat model of prostate cancer has suggested a relationship between voltage-activated Na+ channels (VASCs) and the invasive phenotype in vitro. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the expression of VASCs in the LNCaP and PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines by Western blotting, flow cytometry, and whole-cell patch clamping, 2) determine their role in invasion in vitro using modified Boyden chambers with and without a specific blocker of VASCs (tetrodotoxin). A 260-kd protein representing VASCs was found only in the PC-3 cell line, and these were shown to be membrane expressed on flow cytometry. Patch clamping studies indicated that functional VASCs were present in 10% of PC-3 cells and blocking these by tetrodotoxin (600 nmol/L) reduced their invasiveness by 31% (P = 0.02) without affecting the invasiveness of the LNCaP cells. These results indicate that the reduction of invasion is a direct result of VASC blockade and not a nonspecific action of the drug. This is the first report of VASCs in a human prostatic cell line. VASCs are present in PC-3 but not LNCaP cells as determined by both protein and functional studies. Tetrodotoxin reduced the invasiveness of PC-3 but not LNCaP cells, and these data suggest that ion channels may play an important functional role in tumor invasion.
The Unfolded Protein Response: Integrating Stress Signals Through the Stress Sensor IRE1α (2011)

Stress induced by accumulation of unfolded proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a classic feature of secretory cells and is observed in many tissues in human diseases including cancer, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegeneration. Cellular adaptation to ER stress is achieved by the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), an integrated signal transduction pathway that transmits information about the protein folding status at the ER to the nucleus and cytosol to restore ER homeostasis. Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease-1 (IRE1α), the most conserved UPR stress sensor, functions as an endoribonuclease that processes the mRNA of the transcription factor X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1). IRE1α signaling is a highly regulated process, controlled by the formation of a dynamic scaffold onto which many regulatory components assemble, here referred to as the UPRosome. Here we provide an overview of the signaling and regulatory mechanisms underlying IRE1α function and discuss the emerging role of the UPR in adaptation to protein folding stress in specialized secretory cells and in pathological conditions associated with alterations in ER homeostasis.
Electrospun fibrinogen: Feasibility as a tissue engineering scaffold in a rat cell culture model (2006)

Fibrinogen has a well-established tissue engineering track record because of its ability to induce improved cellular interaction and scaffold remodeling compared to synthetic scaffolds. While the feasibility of electrospinning fibrinogen scaffolds of submicron diameter fibers and their mechanical properties have been demonstrated, in vitro cellular interaction has not yet been evaluated. The goal of this study was to demonstrate, based on cellular interaction and scaffold remodeling, that electrospun fibrinogen can be used successfully as a tissue engineering scaffold. Electrospun fibrinogen scaffolds were disinfected, seeded with neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts, and cultured for 2, 7, and 14 days. Cultures were treated to regulate scaffold degradation by either supplementing serum-containing media with aprotinin or crosslinking the scaffolds with glutaraldehyde vapor. Biocompatibility was assessed through a WST-1 cell proliferation assay. Postculture scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and histology. Cell culture demonstrated that fibroblasts readily migrate into and remodel electrospun fibrinogen scaffolds with deposition of native collagen. Supplementation of culture media with different concentrations of aprotinin-modulated scaffold degradation in a predictable fashion, but glutaraldehyde vapor fixation was less reliable. Based on the observed cellular interactions, there is tremendous potential for electrospun fibrinogen as a tissue engineering scaffold.
Active Motion Artifact Reduction for Wearable Sensors Using Laguerre Expansion and Signal Separation (2005)

This paper presents an active noise cancellation technique that utilizes an accelerometry measurement to recover corrupted wearable health monitoring signals. The technique presented here requires no calibration for each patient and is computationally efficient. Also, a method of determining when the desired signal is correlated with the motion reference is presented with a means of partial signal recovery. The Laguerre basis function provides robustness against calibration as well as improvement in computational efficiency, and symmetric decorrelation accommodates the management of correlated signals. Experimentation shows that the system can produce up to an 85% reduction in wearable sensor error for accelerations up to 2G.
Radar Systems Principles (1996)

(Section Headings): Introduction. The Radar Equation. Constituents of a Radar System-Signal Flow. Idealized Theory of Radar Signals in Additive Noise. Theory of Detection of Radar Signals in Additive Gaussian Noise. Models for Target Signal Fluctuation Statistics. Transmitted Signal Waveform Design: Range and Doppler Resolution. Spatially Extended Target and Clutter. Methods of Combating Clutter. Radar Antennas. Topics in Radar Propagation. Measurement of Radar Parameters. Problems. Index.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pilin receptor binding domain functions as an adhesin for both biotic and abiotic surfaces (2005)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa readily binds to stainless steel and other abiotic surfaces, causing major problems in both the medical and food industries. In this study, we show that P. aeruginosa binds to abiotic surfaces in a concentration-dependent, saturable manner during the initial stages of biofilm formation. P. aeruginosa type IV pili mediate binding to stainless steel as a pilus-deficient strain does not bind to steel, purified type IV pili bound in a concentration-dependent, saturable manner, and purified pili competitively inhibited whole cell binding. PAK pili can also bind polystyrene and polyvinylchloride in a concentration-dependant and saturable manner. As an antibody specific for the C-terminal pilin receptor binding domain inhibited adherence to abiotic surfaces, the role of the C-terminal receptor binding domain in mediating binding to steel surfaces was examined. A synthetic peptide of the PAK pilin epithelial cell receptor binding domain [PAK(128-144)ox] bound directly to steel with high affinity. The interaction of pili with steel was specifically inhibited by this peptide with an apparent Ki of approximately 0.2 nM and effectively inhibited the binding of viable homologous and heterologous P. aeruginosa strains to steel with an apparent Ki of approximately 4 nM. A single point mutation (K130I) in the PAO receptor binding domain was observed to abolish binding to stainless steel while binding to human buccal epithelial cells was enhanced. Therefore, the C-terminal receptor binding domain appears to have evolved for binding a variety of surfaces.
Biochemical Sequences in the Transformation of Normal Fibroblasts in Adolescent Rats (1972)

Coarse powders of acid-insoluble matrix of diaphysis and calvarial parietal bone rapidly and consistently transformed fibroblasts into masses of cartilage and bone containing hemopoietic marrow. The transformant was encapsulated by fibroblasts within 24 hr to form a plaque. Transformation was restricted to the central thicknesses of the plaque. Under the stated conditions the alteration of the phenotype, fibroblast to chondroblast, was an unstable transformation, whereas the phenotype change, fibroblast to osteoblast, was stable. The transformation occurred on a rigid timetable of sequences. Measurements of alkaline phosphatase activity and incorporation of radioactive sulfate, phosphate, and calcium were sensitive and quantitative assays for the appearance of the transformed products, cartilage and bone.
Can non-immersive virtual reality improve physical outcomes of rehabilitation? (2012)

Purpose: To investigate whether non-immersive virtual reality interventions, either as an adjunct or an alternative to traditional therapy, can improve physical outcomes in rehabilitation.Methods: We searched MEDLINE (1950 to present), CINAHL (1981 to present), AMED (1985 to present), EMBASE (1947 to present), Web of Science, PEDro, and Cochrane (no date limitation). Randomized controlled trials which explored the effects of non-immersive virtual reality on physical outcomes (physical function, movement, and balance) in populations of any age, sex, ethnicity or health condition, receiving rehabilitation were selected for review. We included virtual reality interventions that did not fully immerse the user; full immersion was defined as ‘a psychological state characterized by perceiving oneself to be enveloped by, included in, and interacting with an environment that provides a continuous stream of stimuli and experiences’.Results: Sixteen randomized controlled trials were identified which matched inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies explored the use of non-immersive virtual reality on physical outcomes in the rehabilitation of persons with stroke, cardiopulmonary conditions, cerebral palsy, osteoarthritis, and balance disorders.Conclusion: There is growing evidence for the usefulness of non-immersive virtual reality as an adjunct to conventional therapy on physical outcomes particularly in stroke rehabilitation. There is little evidence to suggest that non-immersive virtual reality is more effective than conventional rehabilitation on physical outcomes in all populations included for review.
The enclosed and exposed part of the peduncle of wheat (Triticum aestivum) – spatial separation of fructan storage (2003)

• Although fructan accumulation is reported in photosynthetically active organs, the long-term storage of fructan mainly occurs in more heterotrophic tissues. Significant amounts of fructan are stored in the internodes during grain filling of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The uppermost internode (peduncle) of wheat consists of a lower unexposed (i.e. enclosed by the flag leaf sheath and thus heterotrophic part, P<sub>l</sub> ) and an upper exposed autotrophic part (P<sub>u</sub> ). • Diurnal and long-term changes of fructan and sucrose (the precursor of fructan synthesis) contents were studied in P<sub>l</sub> and P<sub>u</sub> of potted wheat plants. • At mid grain-filling the sucrose concentration in P<sub>u</sub> increased almost threefold during the light period and decreased in the following night. Diurnal changes in sucrose concentration were much less expressed in P<sub>l</sub> . Fructan concentration was significantly higher in P<sub>l</sub> than in P<sub>u</sub> and did not change during the light period. • In another experiment, field grown wheat plants were sampled at regular intervals between 5 d before anthesis and grain maturity. At the time of maximum fructan content, 88% of the fructans in the total peduncle were stored in the heterotrophic P<sub>l</sub> . Within P<sub>l</sub> , fructan accumulation started in the older segments. The reason for the sharp separation of fructan storage between P<sub>l</sub> and P<sub>u</sub> remains unclear.
Five-Coordinate Aluminum Amides (1996)

In the present manuscript we will detail the first use of the Salen(tBu)H2 ligands with the group 13 elements. This includes the compounds of formula Salen(tBu)AlCl (where Salen = Salen(N,N‘-ethylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)) (1), Salpen (N,N‘-propylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)) (2), Salophen (N,N‘-benzenylidenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneamine)) (3), and Salomphen (N,N‘-(3,4-dimethylbenzenylidene)bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneimine)) (4)) and the novel five-coordinate monomeric amides of formula LAlNRR‘ (where L = Acen (N,N‘-ethylenebis((tBu)salicylidene(methyl)imine); R, R‘ = H, Ph (5); R = R‘ = SiMe3 (6)) and L = Salen (R, R‘ = H, tBu (7), H, Ph (8), and H, Dipp (2,6-diisopropylphenyl) (9); R = R‘ = Me (10), Et (11), and SiMe3 (12))). Additionally the unique monomeric hydroxy complex Salen(tBu)AlOH (13) and its condensation product, (Salen(tBu)Al)2O (14), will be described. All of the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic (1H, 13C, and 27Al NMR, IR) and physical (mp, analyses) techniques. X-ray crystallographic data are presented for 14.
GAAS Solar Cells on Si Wafers for Space Application (2006)

This paper describes the activities carried out to develop III-V compound solar cells on silicon-germanium substrates and presents the results achieved on large area GaAs/Ge/Si cells and on InGaP/InGaAs/Ge/Si dual and triple junction cells. The aim is to investigate the limits of this technology and the possible utilisation of these type of cells for terrestrial and space application. For both applications the main objective is to reduce the solar cell cost by replacing the expensive Ge substrates with a low cost Si substrate. Moreover, in space environment, GaAs/Si cells show a good tolerance to electrons irradiation and are lighter then standard GaAs cells
Genome-Wide Direct Target Analysis Reveals a Role for SHORT-ROOT in Root Vascular Patterning through Cytokinin Homeostasis (2011)

SHORT-ROOT (SHR) is a key regulator of root growth and development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Made in the stele, the SHR protein moves into an adjacent cell layer, where it specifies endodermal cell fate; it is also essential for apical meristem maintenance, ground tissue patterning, vascular differentiation, and lateral root formation. Much has been learned about the mechanism by which SHR controls radial patterning, but how it regulates other aspects of root morphogenesis is still unclear. To dissect the SHR developmental pathway, we have determined the genome-wide locations of SHR direct targets using a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by microarray analysis method. K-means clustering analysis not only identified additional quiescent center-specific SHR targets but also revealed a direct role for SHR in gene regulation in the pericycle and xylem. Using cell type-specific markers, we showed that in shr, the phloem and the phloem-associated pericycle expanded, whereas the xylem and xylem-associated pericycle diminished. Interestingly, we found that cytokinin level was elevated in shr and that exogenous cytokinin conferred a shr-like vascular patterning phenotype in wild-type root. By chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays, we showed that SHR regulates cytokinin homeostasis by directly controlling the transcription of cytokinin oxidase 3, a cytokinin catabolism enzyme preferentially expressed in the stele. Finally, overexpression of a cytokinin oxidase in shr alleviated its vascular patterning defect. On the basis of these results, we suggest that one mechanism by which SHR controls vascular patterning is the regulation of cytokinin homeostasis.
Ion-pair association constants in dimethyl sulfoxide (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon-pair association constants in dimethyl sulfoxideWilliam N. Olmstead and Frederick G. BordwellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 16, 3299–3305Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01304a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01304a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1309Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cooperative binding of R17 coat protein to RNA (1990)

The binding of the R17 coat protein to synthetic RNAs containing one or two coat protein binding sites was characterized by using nitrocellulose filter and gel-retention assays. RNAs with two available sites bound coat protein in a cooperative manner, resulting in a higher affinity and reduced sensitivity to pH, ionic strength, and temperature when compared with RNAs containing only a single site. The cooperativity can contribute up to -5 kcal/mol to the overall binding affinity with the greatest cooperativity found at low pH, high ionic strength, and high temperatures. Similar solution properties for the encapsidation of the related fr and f2 phage suggest that the cooperativity is due to favorable interactions between the two coat proteins bound to the RNA. This system therefore resembles an intermediate state of phage assembly. No cooperative binding was observed for RNAs containing a single site and a 5' or 3' extension of nonspecific sequence, indicating that R17 coat protein has a very low nonspecific binding affinity. Unexpectedly weak binding was observed for several RNAs due to the presence of alternative conformational states of the RNA.
Antimicrobial Evaluation of N -Alkyl Betaines and N -Alkyl- N , N -Dimethylamine Oxides with Variations in Chain Length (2000)

Alkyl betaines and alkyl dimethylamine oxides have been shown to have pronounced antimicrobial activity when used individually or in combination. Although several studies have been conducted with these compounds in combinations, only equimolar concentrations of the C(12)/C(12) and C(16)/C(14) chain lengths for the betaine and the amine oxide, respectively, have been investigated. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of a wide range of chain lengths (C(8) to C(18)) for both the betaine and amine oxide and attempts to correlate their micelle-forming capabilities with their biological activity. A broth microdilution method was used to determine the MICs of these compounds singly and in various molar ratio combinations. Activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was investigated. Antimicrobial activity was found to increase with increasing chain length for both homologous series up to a point, exhibiting a cutoff effect at chain lengths of approximately 16 for betaine and 14 for amine oxide. Additionally, the C(18) oleyl derivative of both compounds exhibited activity in the same range as the peak alkyl compounds. Critical micelle concentrations were correlated with MICs, inferring that micellar activity may contribute to the cutoff effect in biological activity.