gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CMOS Image Sensor Based Physical Unclonable Function for Coherent Sensor-Level Authentication (2015)

In the applications of biometric authentication and video surveillance, the image sensor is expected to provide certain degree of trust and resiliency. This paper presents a new low-cost CMOS image sensor based physical unclonable function (PUF) targeting a variety of security, privacy and trusted protocols that involves image sensor as a trusted entity. The proposed PUF exploits the intrinsic imperfection during the image sensor manufacturing process to generate unique and reliable digital signatures. The proposed differential readout stabilizes the response bits extracted from the random fixed pattern noises of selected pixel pairs determined by the applied challenge against supply voltage and temperature variations. The threshold of difference can be tightened to winnow out more unstable response bits from the challenge-response space offered by modern image sensors to enhance the reliability under harsher operating conditions and loosened to improve its resiliency against masquerade attacks in routine operating environment. The proposed design can be classified as a weak PUF which is resilient to modeling attacks, with direct access to its challenge-response pair restricted by the linear feedback shift register. Our experiments on the reset voltages extracted from a 64 × 64 image sensor fabricated in 180 nm 3.3 V CMOS technology demonstrated that robust and reliable challenge-response pairs can be generated with a uniqueness of 49.37% and a reliability of 99.80% under temperature variations of 15 ~ 115 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C and supply voltage variations of 3 ~ 3.6 V.
Blood Pressure, C-Reactive Protein, and Risk of Future Cardiovascular Events (2003)

CRP and blood pressure are independent determinants of cardiovascular risk, and their predictive value is additive.
Human Computation (2008)

Tasks like image recognition are trivial for humans, but continue to challenge even the most sophisticated computer programs. This talk discusses a paradigm for utilizing human processing power to solve problems that computers cannot yet solve. Traditional approaches to solving such problems focus on improving software. I advocate a novel approach: constructively channel human brainpower to perform the tasks that computers cannot yet perform. For example, the ESP Game, described in this talk, is an enjoyable online game - many people play over 40 hours a week - and when people play, they help label images on the Web with descriptive keywords. These keywords can be used to significantly improve the accuracy of image search. People play the game not because they want to help, but because they enjoy it.
Angle etch control for silicon carbide power devices (1996)

Silicon carbide plasma etching results are reported. Etching experiments are performed in a distributed electron cyclotron resonance reactor, using a SF6/O2 gas mixture, on both 3C- and 6H-SiC. A special interest has been given to the slope of the etched sidewalls. Slopes between 30° and 80° have been achieved by varying selectivities between SiC and the SiO2 masking layer. Two parameters have been investigated to modulate selectivity: bias voltage and O2 additive flow. A wide range of selectivities (from 1 to 6.5) has been obtained for suitable etch rate (100 to 270 nm/min) with very smooth surfaces.
Join tensors: On 3D-to-3D alignment of dynamic sets (2002)

Introduces a family of 4/spl times/4/spl times/4 tensors, referred to as "join tensors" or Jtensors for short, which perform "3D to 3D" alignment between coordinate systems of sets of dynamic 3D points. 3D configurations of points are obtained by a 3D measuring device (such as a structured light or laser range sensor, or a stereo rig) at times t/sub 1/, t/sub 2/, t/sub 3/ from different viewing positions in addition to the motion of the sensor the points are also allowed to move in space; each point can move along an arbitrary straight-line path-we refer to this situation as "dynamic". The problem is to recover the motion of the sensor given the 3D correspondences of the points over time. We introduce Jtensors to capture the problem described above. Three observations P, P', P'' of a point measured at three time instants contribute a linear measurement to the Jtensor, regardless of whether the point has moved in space or has remained stationary while the sensor has changed position.
Fast complementation of split fluorescent protein triggered by DNA hybridization (2006)

Fluorescent proteins have proven to be excellent reporters and biochemical sensors with a wide range of applications. In a split form, they are not fluorescent, but their fluorescence can be restored by supplementary protein-protein or protein-nucleic acid interactions that reassemble the split polypeptides. However, in prior studies, it took hours to restore the fluorescence of a split fluorescent protein because the formation of the protein chromophore slowly occurred de novo concurrently with reassembly. Here we provide evidence that a fluorogenic chromophore can self-catalytically form within an isolated N-terminal fragment of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). We show that restoration of the split protein fluorescence can be driven by nucleic acid complementary interactions. In our assay, fluorescence development is fast (within a few minutes) when complementary oligonucleotide-linked fragments of the split EGFP are combined. The ability of our EGFP system to respond quickly to DNA hybridization should be useful for detecting the kinetics of many other types of pairwise interactions both in vitro and in living cells.
Growth factor requirements of childhood acute leukemia: establishment of GM-CSF-dependent cell lines (1987)

Eight permanent cell lines were established from cells of 50 consecutive patients with childhood acute leukemia. Three cell lines required growth factor-containing conditioned media. Analysis using blocking antisera and recombinant granulocytic macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor (CSF) identified GM-CSF as a growth factor required to establish the latter three cell lines and necessary for their continuous proliferation in chemically defined medium. Two of the GM-CSF-dependent cell lines were derived from patients with undifferentiated T- and a biphenotypic B-myelomonocytic leukemia, which suggests that GM-CSF might maintain proliferation of leukemias originating from immature progenitor cells. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that all established leukemic cell lines were aneuploid, with six lines containing chromosomal alterations related to those observed in the leukemic cells of the patient. Two patients did not have an abnormal clone identified in the marrow but did yield an aneuploid cell line. These studies indicate that GM-CSF-dependent leukemic cell lines can be established in a fraction of childhood leukemia. These cell lines lend themselves to studies aimed at the evaluation in vitro of the role of growth factors in controlling proliferation and differentiation of leukemic cells.
Synthesis of major histocompatibility complex class I binding glycopeptides (1995)

Four Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I binding glycopeptides and two peptide analogues, from a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope of Sendai Virus Nucleoprotein, have been prepared using solid-phase peptide synthesis employing the following glycosyl amino acid building blocks: FmocSer(Ac3-β-D-GlcNAc)OH 1, FmocSer(Ac3-α-D-GalN3)OPfp 2, FmocAsn(Ac3-β-D-GlcNAc)OH 3 and FmocAsn(Ac3-β-D-GalNAc)OH 4. Previously, we examined the influence of glycosylation on peptide binding to the MHC Class I molecule and CTL recognition of these peptides. The synthesis and characterization of compounds 1–4 as well as the resulting glycopeptides is described. In addition, results of NMR investigations demonstrating that peptide K3, and glycopeptides K3-O-GlcNAc and K3-O-GalNAc, show two distinct conformations in solution as a result of cis–trans isomerization about a Tyr-Pro amide bond are reported.
Tissue Cells Feel and Respond to the Stiffness of Their Substrate (2005)

Normal tissue cells are generally not viable when suspended in a fluid and are therefore said to be anchorage dependent. Such cells must adhere to a solid, but a solid can be as rigid as glass or softer than a baby's skin. The behavior of some cells on soft materials is characteristic of important phenotypes; for example, cell growth on soft agar gels is used to identify cancer cells. However, an understanding of how tissue cells-including fibroblasts, myocytes, neurons, and other cell types-sense matrix stiffness is just emerging with quantitative studies of cells adhering to gels (or to other cells) with which elasticity can be tuned to approximate that of tissues. Key roles in molecular pathways are played by adhesion complexes and the actinmyosin cytoskeleton, whose contractile forces are transmitted through transcellular structures. The feedback of local matrix stiffness on cell state likely has important implications for development, differentiation, disease, and regeneration.
Infections in mice with tachyzoites and bradyzoites of Neospora caninum (Protozoa: Apicomplexa). (1990)

Tachyzoites of 2 isolates of Neospora caninum (NC-1 and NC-2) were inoculated subcutaneously (s.c.), intraperitoneally (i.p.), or orally into mice to compare the effects of route of inoculation on pathogenicity. Mice developed more severe disease, and disease occurred sooner when inoculated with the NC-1 isolate compared to the NC-2 isolate. Deaths occurred earlier in mice inoculated i.p. with either isolate. Mice inoculated orally or s.c. with tachyzoites responded similarly to infection. Tissue cysts of the NC-2 isolate produced infections in mice following oral or s.c. inoculation. Lesions seen in mice inoculated with tachyzoites or bradyzoites were primarily acute pneumonia, myositis, encephalitis, ganglioradiculoneuritis, and pancreatitis. In vitro studies demonstrated that tachyzoites of both isolates were killed by incubation in pepsin-HCl solution but not 1% trypsin solution. Bradyzoites of the NC-2 isolate were able to withstand treatment with pepsin-HCl solution.
Synthesis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding, and Antinociceptive Properties of 2-exo-2-(2‘,3‘-Disubstituted 5‘-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes:  Epibatidine Analogues (2002)

A number of 2‘,3‘-disubstituted epibatidine analogues were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for potency at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and in vivo for antinociception activity in the tail-flick and hot-plate models of acute pain and for their ability to affect core body temperature. Compounds that possessed electron-withdrawing groups (F, Cl, Br, and I) in both the 2‘- and the 3‘-positions showed affinities at the nAChR similar to epibatidine. However, in vivo efficacy did not correlate with affinity. 2-exo-(3‘-Amino-2‘-chloro-5‘-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (2i), an epibatidine analogue possessing an electron-releasing amino group in the 3‘-position, produced the highest affinity. Compound 2i was also the most selective epibatidine analogue with a Ki of 0.001 nM at αβ nAChRs, which is 26 times greater than that of epibatidine, and a αβ/α7 Ki ratio of 14 000, twice that of epibatidine. In vivo testing revealed that this compound potently inhibited nicotine-induced antinociception with AD50 values below 1 μg/kg. Surprisingly, this same compound was also an agonist at higher doses (ED50 ∼20 μg/kg). Thus, the addition of the 3‘-amino group to epibatidine confers potent antagonist activity to the compound with little effect on agonist activity. 2,3-Disubstituted epibatidine analogues possessing a 2‘-amino group combined with a 3‘-bromo or 3‘-iodo group showed in vitro and in vivo nAChR properties similar to nicotine.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog Design. Structure-Function Studies Toward the Development of Agonists and Antagonists: Rationale and Perspective (1986)

ON JUNE 24, 1971, Andrew V. Schally announced the determination of the primary structure of porcine GnRH at The Endocrine Society Meeting in San Francisco. This announcement was followed by publications by Matsuo et al. (1, 2) and Baba et al. (3) on the proposed amino acid sequence for porcine GnRH and its synthesis and by Burgus et al. (4) who characterized ovine GnRH and found the sequence to be identical with that of porcine GnRH. The physiological and therapeutic importance attributed to the discovery of the new substance was greatly increased by the prospect of the design of potent and long acting GnRH agonists and antagonists. Since that time more than 2000 analogs of GnRH have been synthesized. The impact of research of GnRH and its analogs on clinical medicine recently led Ziporyn (5) to note, “There's almost no subspecialty of medicine that will be left untouched by the [research] advances associated with LHRH or its analogs.” It is the intent of this article to provide a historical review of the major, and some minor, aspects of the chemical development of GnRH agonists and antagonists up to the present state of development (July 1, 1985). The synthetic chemical efforts have been devoted largely to increasing the affinity of the peptides to the GnRH receptor and their resistance to degradation or elimination in in vivo systems, characteristics which, for the GnRH analogs, are generally interrelated.
Identification of two human beta-tubulin isotypes. (1983)

The sequence of a human beta-tubulin cDNA clone (D beta-1) is described; our data revealed 95.6% homology compared with the sequence of a human beta-tubulin processed pseudogene derived by reverse transcription of a processed mRNA (Wilde et al., Nature [London] 297:83-84, 1982). However, the amino acid sequence encoded by this cDNA showed less homology with pig and chicken beta-tubulin sequences than the latter did to each other, with major divergence within the 15 carboxy-terminal amino acids. On the other hand, an independently isolated, functionally expressed genomic human beta-tubulin sequence (5 beta) possessed a very high degree of homology with chicken and pig beta-tubulins in this region. Thus, human cells appear to contain two distinct beta-tubulin isotypes. Both the intact beta-tubulin cDNA clone and a subclone containing only the 3' untranslated region detected two mRNA species in HeLa cells; these mRNAs were 1.8 and 2.6 kilobases long and were present in about equal amounts. Two independently subcloned probes constructed from the 3' untranslated region of the 5 beta genomic sequence also detected a 2.6-kilobase beta-tubulin mRNA. However, the 3'-untranslated-region probes from the cDNA clone and the genomic sequence did not cross-hybridize. Thus, at least two human beta-tubulin genes, each specifying a distinct isotype, are expressed in HeLa cells, and the 2.6-kilobase mRNA band is a composite of at least two comigrating beta-tubulin mRNAs.
A27L Protein Mediates Vaccinia Virus Interaction with Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate (1998)

Vaccinia virus has a wide host range and infects mammalian cells of many different species. This suggests that the cell surface receptors for vaccinia virus are ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved. Alternatively, different receptors are used for vaccinia virus infection of different cell types. Here we report that vaccinia virus binds to heparan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chain of cell surface proteoglycans, during virus infection. Soluble heparin specifically inhibits vaccinia virus binding to cells, whereas other GAGs such as condroitin sulfate or dermantan sulfate have no effect. Heparin also blocks infections by cowpox virus, rabbitpox virus, myxoma virus, and Shope fibroma virus, suggesting that cell surface heparan sulfate could be a general mediator of the entry of poxviruses. The biochemical nature of the heparin-blocking effect was investigated. Heparin analogs that have acetyl groups instead of sulfate groups also abolish the inhibitory effect, suggesting that the negative charges on GAGs are important for virus infection. Furthermore, BSC40 cells treated with sodium chlorate to produce undersulfated GAGs are more refractory to vaccinia virus infection. Taken together, the data support the notion that cell surface heparan sulfate is important for vaccinia virus infection. Using heparin-Sepharose beads, we showed that vaccinia virus virions bind to heparin in vitro. In addition, we demonstrated that the recombinant A27L gene product binds to the heparin beads in vitro. This recombinant protein was further shown to bind to cells, and such interaction could be specifically inhibited by soluble heparin. All the data together indicated that A27L protein could be an attachment protein that mediates vaccinia virus binding to cell surface heparan sulfate during viral infection.
Identification of the Critical Features of a Small Peptide Inhibitor of JNK Activity (2002)

The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are a subfamily of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Although progress in evaluating the functions of other MAPKs has been facilitated by the characterization of specific inhibitors, no JNK-directed inhibitor is commercially available. We have identified a 21-amino acid peptide inhibitor of activated JNKs, based on amino acids 143-163 of the JNK-binding domain (JBD) of the JNK scaffolding protein, JNK-interacting protein-1 (JIP-1). This peptide, I-JIP (Inhibitor of JNK-based on JIP-1), inhibited JNK activity in vitro toward recombinant c-Jun, Elk, and ATF2 up to 90%. A truncated I-JIP (TI-JIP), the C-terminal 11 amino acids of I-JIP, directly interacted with recombinant JNKs but not its substrates as shown by surface plasmon resonance analysis. Scanning alanine replacement within truncated I-JIP identified 4 residues (Arg-156, Pro-157, Leu-160, or Leu-162) as independently critical for inhibition. JBD peptide sequences from JIP-2 and JIP-3 shared these critical residues and accordingly were effective JNK inhibitors. In contrast, peptides based on the JBDs of ATF2 and c-Jun inhibited JNK activity by <40%, which agreed with their lack of homology to the critical Arg-156 and Pro-157. These studies thus define a small peptide inhibitor sequence of JNKs based on the JIP proteins.
Antibodies to TWEAK Receptor Inhibit Human Tumor Growth through Dual Mechanisms (2010)

Both 19.2.1 (mouse IgG2a) and PDL192 (human IgG1), like TWEAK, the natural ligand of TweakR, inhibited the growth of several TweakR-expressing cancer cell lines in anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent assays in vitro. Both antibodies showed significant antitumor activity in multiple mouse xenograft models. PDL192 and 19.2.1 also induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of cancer cell lines in vitro. A chimeric version of 19.2.1 containing the mouse IgG1 Fc region (19.2.1 x G1) exhibited significantly less ADCC than 19.2.1. However, 19.2. 1x G1 showed differential activity in vivo, with activity equivalent to 19.2.1 in one model, but significantly less efficacy than 19.2.1 in a second model. These results indicate that PDL192 and 19.2.1 mediate their antitumor effects by signaling through TweakR, resulting in reduced tumor cell proliferation, and by ADCC.
Graphene for Terahertz Applications (2013)

The optoelectronic properties of graphene are being explored for possible use in plasmonics and metamaterials at terahertz frequencies.
Expression of Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen‐2 (EBNA2) induces CD21/CR2 on B and T cell lines and shedding of soluble CD21 (1995)

Stable transfection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) expressed as a fusion protein with the hormone-binding domain of the estrogen receptor was used to study expression of CD21 and other surface markers in different cell lines. Special emphasis was placed on cell lines with a normally low expression of CD21, especially on T cell lines. After induction of EBNA2, a substantial increase in CD21 mRNA was observed, as well as increased production of membrane CD21. This was found not only in cell lines of B cell origin, but also in the T cell line Jurkat. The amount of CD21 was quantitated by means of a fluorescence immunoassay, and found to correlate with the presence of EBNA2 protein. A decrease in EBNA2 abundance was associated with complete loss of cell-associated CD21. As we could also detect large amounts of soluble CD21 (sCD21) in the supernatant of the transfected cell lines, which exceeded the total amount contained in the respective cell lysates, this indicates considerable shedding of the newly synthesized receptor molecules induced by EBNA2, comparable to the situation described for CD23. It further provides an explanation of the recent findings of increased sCD21 levels in sera of patients with EBV-associated disease, and suggests a possible additional function of EBNA2 in vivo.
What to expect from ACE inhibitors after myocardial infarction (1994)

What to expect from ACE inhibitors after
Photon migration through a turbid slab described by a model based on diffusion approximation I Theory (1997)

The diffusion approximation of the radiative transfer equation is a model used widely to describe photon migration in highly diffusing media and is an important matter in biological tissue optics. An analysis of the time-dependent diffusion equation together with its solutions for the slab geometry and for a semi-infinite diffusing medium are reported. These solutions, presented for both the time-dependent and the continuous wave source, account for the refractive index mismatch between the turbid medium and the surrounding medium. The results have been compared with those obtained when different boundary conditions were assumed. The comparison has shown that the effect of the refractive index mismatch cannot be disregarded. This effect is particularly important for the transmittance. The discussion of results also provides an analysis of the role of the absorption coefficient in the expression of the diffusion coefficient.
The role of anti‐idiotypic antibodies in the induction of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus in mice (1989)

We have recently reported the induction of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in mice by a human anti-DNA monoclonal antibody (mAb) that bears a common idiotype, the 16/6 Id. In the present report we investigated the role of the idiotypic network in the induction of experimental SLE by using a murine anti-idiotypic mAb specific for the 16/6 Id. This anti-idiotypic mAb induced experimental SLE similarly to the 16/6 Id. Thus, following immunization, in addition to 16/6 Id+ antibodies, the mice produced antibodies to various nuclear antigens: single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA, poly(I), poly(G), Ro, La, Sm and ribonucleoproteins. Similarly to the 16/6 Id-immunized mice, the mice injected with the anti-16/6 Id mAb exhibited elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and leukopenia. The murine anti-16/6 Id mAb was found to be more effective than the 16/6 Id, in causing earlier onset of proteinuria and renal damage. These results suggest that the idiotypic network and particularly anti-idiotypic antibodies specific for anti-DNA common idiotypes found in SLE, play an important role in the induction of SLE in mice.
In Vivo Evidence of an Endothelin-Induced Vasopressor Tone After Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Rats (1995)

These experiments demonstrate that inhibition of NO synthesis unmasks a tonic pressor influence of endothelin, suggesting that this peptide could play a major role in pathophysiological situations associated with an impaired formation of NO.