gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Cord Blood Stem Cell-Modulated Regulatory T Lymphocytes Reverse the Autoimmune-Caused Type 1 Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) Mice (2009)

These data demonstrate that treatment with mCD4CD62L Tregs can reverse overt diabetes, providing a novel strategy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes as well as other autoimmune diseases.
Corticosterone differentially modulates expression of corticotropin releasing factor and arginine vasopressin mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus following either acute or repeated restraint stress (2001)

Exposing rats to repeated restraint stress induces well-characterized adaptations in the expression of either corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or arginine-vasopressin (AVP) mRNA in the parvocellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The effects of regulating corticosterone levels on this adaptation was studied in male rats. In intact rats, acute restraint stress increased the expression of CRF mRNA whilst AVP mRNA expression was no different to control. Repeated exposure resulted in habituation of CRF expression, whereas AVP mRNA increased above that seen in either non stressed or acutely stressed animals. In adrenalectomised rats with replacement pellets of corticosterone that replicated blood levels approximating to the daily trough (mean levels 37--65 ng/mL), basal CRF expression levels were raised, but the response to acute stress was still observed. However, the habituation seen in normal animals that had been repeatedly stressed was prevented, so that CRF mRNA levels continued to be raised after repeated stress. By contrast, the AVP response to both acute and repeated stress was unaltered in these low-dose corticosterone-treated rats compared with controls. Higher dose pellets, which resulted in blood levels around those of the daily maximum (mean 118--141 ng/mL) had the opposite effects. There was no change compared to intact rats in the expression of CRF mRNA following either acute or repeated stress, but the expected increase in AVP following repeated restraint was prevented. These experiments show that corticosterone has important modulating effects on the adaptive pattern of both CRF and AVP mRNA expression in the parvocellular PVN. The 'set-point' of corticosterone differs; for CRF, experiencing higher levels is necessary for subsequent adaptation to repeated restraint to occur, whereas for AVP a return to lower levels is necessary to allow this peptide to respond to repeated stress.
Does low molecular weight heparin shorten term labor? (2009)

Dalteparin, a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), is given to pregnant women with thrombotic disorders. Clinical observations together with the documented changes of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in normal and protracted labor fostered the idea that LMWH shortens delivery time. Labor time was retrospectively determined among nulliparous pregnant women treated with dalteparin because of previous venous thromboembolism (VTE), thrombophilia or acute VTE during current pregnancy. Their labor time was compared to matched untreated controls. The proportion of instrumental deliveries and neonatal outcome was also compared. The dalteparin-treated group showed a significantly (30%) shorter labor time compared to matched controls. Total instrumental deliveries were the same in the two groups but operative intervention due to protracted labor was significantly less common in dalteparin-treated women. There was no difference in neonatal outcome. Dalteparin most likely shortens parturition time and may decrease the number of operative interventions due to protracted labor.
An unappreciated role for RNA surveillance - eScholarship (2004)

Background: Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic mRNA surveillance mechanism that detects and degrades mRNAs with premature termination codons (PTC+ mRNAs). In mammals, a termination codon is recognized as premature if it lies more than about 50 nucleotides upstream of the final intron position. More than a third of reliably inferred alternative splicing events in humans have been shown to result in PTC+ mRNA isoforms. As the mechanistic details of NMD have only recently been elucidated, we hypothesized that many PTC+ isoforms may have been cloned, characterized and deposited in the public databases, even though they would be targeted for degradation in vivo. Results: We analyzed the human alternative protein isoforms described in the SWISS-PROT database and found that 144 (5.8% of 2,483) isoform sequences amenable to analysis, from 107 (7.9% of 1,363) SWISS-PROT entries, derive from PTC+ mRNA. Conclusions: For several of the PTC+ isoforms we identified, existing experimental evidence can be reinterpreted and is consistent with the action of NMD to degrade the transcripts. Several genes with mRNA isoforms that we identified as PTC+ - calpain-10, the CDC-like kinases (CLKs) and LARD - show how previous experimental results may be understood in light of NMD.
Anti-interleukin 4 and 13 for asthma treatment in the era of endotypes (2014)

Anti-IL-4/13 therapies, guided by knowledge of an individual's underlying pathophysiology, are a promising class of therapies for treatment of asthma.
Prostaglandin I2 and E2 mediate the protective effects of cyclooxygenase-2 in a mouse model of immune-mediated liver injury (2006)

Studies of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury have provided important knowledge on the pathogenesis of many liver diseases involving hepatic inflammation. However, studies identifying hepato-protective factors based on the mechanistic understanding of this model are lacking. Evidence suggests that certain prostaglandin (PG) products of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 provide important anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective functions in some pathophysiological states. In the present study, we demonstrate a protective role of COX-2 derived PGs in ConA-induced liver injury. COX-2−/− mice developed much more severe liver damage upon ConA treatment compared with wild-type and COX-1−/− mice. Treatment of COX-2−/− mice with misoprostol (a PGE1/2 analog) or beraprost (a PGI2 analog) significantly decreased ConA-induced liver injury. Data from both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that misoprostol and beraprost acted directly on hepatic leukocytes, including natural killer (NK)T and T cells, and down-regulated their production of interferon (IFN)-γ, which are critical in mediating ConA-induced tissue damage. Collectively, the results provide strong evidence that the protective effects of COX-2 within the liver are mediated through the production of PGE2 and PGI2, which exert anti-inflammatory functions. These findings suggest that COX-2-derived PGs may have great therapeutic potentials in treating patients with inflammatory liver diseases. (Hepatology 2007;45:159–169.)
Assessment of the Performance of a Rapid, Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection of Antibodies to HIV (2001)

Summary: We compared injection-related risk practices between urban and suburban injection drug users (IDUs) in a large cross-sectional sample of young IDUs. From 1997 to 1999, we recruited 700 active IDUs aged 18 to 30 years in Chicago and its suburbs. A suburban residence was reported by 38% of participants. Participants were interviewed at four urban locations and screened for HIV and hepatitis C virus antibodies. Receptive sharing of syringes and other paraphernalia by urban and suburban IDUs in the preceding 6 months was compared using univariable and multivariable models. Sharing injection paraphernalia in the total sample was high, with 50% of participants reporting receptive syringe sharing and 70% reporting sharing cotton, cookers, and/or rinse water. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, injection settings, frequency, and duration of injection as well as ease of acquiring new syringes, suburban IDUs were significantly more likely than urban IDUs to share syringes (adjusted odds ratio = 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.1-2.5); however, the likelihood of sharing cotton, cookers, or rinse water was roughly equal. Despite overall higher risk profiles among suburban IDUs, HIV and hepatitis C prevalence levels were significantly lower than among urban participants. Current high levels of injection risk behaviors in suburban groups represent a potential for rapid dissemination of infection.
Block and random copolymer resists designed for 193-nm lithography and environmentally friendly supercritical CO 2 development (1996)

The concept of using block copolymers as resist materials is presented. Both the demonstrated enhancements of block copolymers, compared to random copolymer resists, as well as benefits still to be exploited are discussed. In our own research, block and random copolymer 193 nm resists were prepared using the monomers tert-butyl methacrylate (t-BMA) and 3- methacryloxypropylpenta-methyldisiloxane (SiMA). The resists have a high resistance to oxygen plasma reactive ion etching, making them suitable for the imageable layer of a bilevel resist system. Of particular interest is the development behavior of the copolymer resists. After exposure, the block copolymers develop better in aqueous base than the corresponding random copolymers. Thus, it appears that incorporating the hydrophobic (but etch resistant) siloxane component into the resist as a distinct block is an effective way of achieving aqueous base solubility with copolymers of t-BMA and SiMA. The copolymers with higher silicon- concentrations are also developable as negative tone resists using environmentally friendly supercritical carbon-dioxide. Thus, without using organic solvent, these resists are developable in both positive and negative tones. Some of the future benefits of using block copolymers that we envision include diffusion barriers for photo-generated acid and passivation of reactive substrates.
A tunable rotational energy harvester for low frequency vibration (2011)

The tunable single-degree-of-freedom rotational energy harvester is proposed. The device is the combination of the rotational energy harvester and the suspended weight. Thus, it can harvest the electrical power from the translational base excitation associated with low frequency and large amplitude. Further, its natural frequency can be changeable by manipulating the size of the reel (i.e., geometrical tunability). The characteristics of the proposed device are investigated through numerical simulation and experimental test.
The Clinically Important Difference on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (2010)

Concordance among multiple approaches of analysis based on subjective and objective data show that reasonable estimates for the CID on the UPDRS motor score are 2.5 points for minimal, 5.2 for moderate, and 10.8 for large CIDs. Estimates for the UPDRS total score are 4.3 points for minimal, 9.1 for moderate, and 17.1 for large CIDs. These estimates will assist in determining clinically meaningful changes in PD progression and response to therapeutic interventions.
Peptide Drug Delivery to the Brain (1992)

Biological diversity of peptides peptides as potential neuropharmaceuticals in disorders of the brain overview of blood-brain barrier transport biology and experimental methodologies transnasal and intraventricular delivery of drugs peptide lipidization and liposomes bulk flow and receptor-mediated transcytosis of peptides through the blood-brain barrier absorptive-mediated transcytosis of peptides through the blood-brain barrier antibody delivery through the blood-brain barrier chimeric peptide pharmaceutical delivery through the blood-brain barrier development of brain-specific transport vectors - a molecular biological perspective.
PROGRESSIVE LENTICULAR DEGENERATION: A FAMILIAL NERVOUS DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER (1912)

Journal Article PROGRESSIVE LENTICULAR DEGENERATION: A FAMILIAL NERVOUS DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER Get access S. A. KINNIER WILSON, M.D., B.Sc.EDIN., M.R.C.P.LOND. S. A. KINNIER WILSON, M.D., B.Sc.EDIN., M.R.C.P.LOND. Registrar National HospitalQueen Square, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 34, Issue 4, March 1912, Pages 295–507, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/34.4.295 Published: 01 March 1912
Molecular Pharmacology of T-type Ca2+ Channels (2001)

Over the past few years increasing attention has been focused on T-type calcium channels and their possible physiological and pathophysiological roles. Efforts toward elucidating the exact role(s) of these calcium channels have been hampered by the lack of T-type specific antagonists, resulting in the subsequent use of less selective calcium channel antagonists. In addition, the activity of these blockers often varies with cell or tissue type, as well as recording conditions. This review summarizes a variety of compounds that exhibit varying degrees of blocking activity towards T-type Ca2+ channels. It is designed as an aid for researchers in need of antagonists to study the biophysical and pathological nature of T-type channels, as well as a starting point for those attempting to develop potent and selective antagonists of the channel.
Template Directed Reversible Photochemical Ligation of Oligodeoxynucleotides (2011)

We demonstrated that 5-vinyldeoxyuridine ((V)U) and 5-carboxyvinyldeoxyuridine ((CV)U) can be used to photoligate a longer oligonucleotide (ODN) from smaller ODNs on a template. By performing irradiation at 366 nm, these artificial nucleotides make photoligated ODNs with high efficiency without any side reactions. Moreover, by performing irradiation at 312 nm, these photoligated ODNs were reversed to the original ODN. (V)U needs to be irradiated 366 nm for 6 h, but (CV)U needs to be irradiated at 366 nm for 15 min. Finally, we made a self-assembled structure with an ODN containing (CV)U and observed the photoligated ODN by photoirradiation.
Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Lymphoid Tissue Dynamics (2016)

The continuous migration of immune cells between lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs is a key feature of the immune system, facilitating the distribution of effector cells within nearly all compartments of the body. Furthermore, reaching their correct position within primary, secondary, or tertiary lymphoid organs is a prerequisite to ensure immune cells' unimpaired differentiation, maturation, and selection, as well as their activation or functional silencing. The superfamilies of chemokines and chemokine receptors are of major importance in guiding immune cells to and within lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. In this review we focus on the role of the chemokine system in the migration dynamics of immune cells within lymphoid organs at the steady state and on how these dynamics are affected by infectious and inflammatory processes.
High-resolution optical see-through multi-focal-plane head-mounted display using freeform optics (2014)

Conventional stereoscopic displays force an unnatural decoupling of the accommodation and convergence cues, which may contribute to various visual artifacts and have adverse effects on depth perception accuracy. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a high-resolution optical see-through multi-focal-plane head-mounted display enabled by state-of-the-art freeform optics. The prototype system is capable of rendering nearly-correct focus cues for a large volume of 3D space, extending into a depth range from 0 to 3 diopters. The freeform optics, consisting of a freeform prism eyepiece and a freeform lens, demonstrates an angular resolution of 1.8 arcminutes across a 40-degree diagonal field of view in the virtual display path while providing a 0.5 arcminutes angular resolution to the see-through view.
Subunit rearrangement of the cyclin-dependent kinases is associated with cellular transformation. (1993)

In normal human diploid fibroblasts, cyclins of the A, B, and D classes each associate with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and p21, thereby forming multiple independent quaternary complexes. Upon transformation of diploid fibroblasts with the DNA tumor virus SV40, or its transforming tumor antigen (T), the cyclin D/p21/CDK/PCNA complexes are disrupted. In transformed cells, CDK4 totally dissociates from cyclin D, PCNA, and p21 and, instead, associates exclusively with a polypeptide of 16 kD (p16). Quaternary complexes containing cyclins A or B1 and p21/CDK/PCNA also undergo subunit rearrangement in transformed cells. Both PCNA and p21 are no longer associated with CDC2-cyclin B1 binary complexes. Cyclin A complexes no longer contain p21, and a new 19-kD polypeptide (p19) is found in association with cyclin A. The pattern of subunit rearrangement of cyclin-CDK complexes in SV40-transformed cells is also shared in those containing adeno- or papilloma viral oncoproteins. Rearrangement also occurs in p53-deficient cells derived from Li-Fraumeni patients that carry no known DNA tumor virus. These findings suggest a mechanism by which oncogenic proteins alter the cell cycle of transformed cells.
Targeting Human Central Nervous System Protein Kinases: An Isoform Selective p38αMAPK Inhibitor That Attenuates Disease Progression in Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models (2015)

The first kinase inhibitor drug approval in 2001 initiated a remarkable decade of tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs for oncology indications, but a void exists for serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor drugs and central nervous system indications. Stress kinases are of special interest in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders due to their involvement in synaptic dysfunction and complex disease susceptibility. Clinical and preclinical evidence implicates the stress related kinase p38αMAPK as a potential neurotherapeutic target, but isoform selective p38αMAPK inhibitor candidates are lacking and the mixed kinase inhibitor drugs that are promising in peripheral tissue disease indications have limitations for neurologic indications. Therefore, pursuit of the neurotherapeutic hypothesis requires kinase isoform selective inhibitors with appropriate neuropharmacology features. Synaptic dysfunction disorders offer a potential for enhanced pharmacological efficacy due to stress-induced activation of p38αMAPK in both neurons and glia, the interacting cellular components of the synaptic pathophysiological axis, to be modulated. We report a novel isoform selective p38αMAPK inhibitor, MW01-18-150SRM (=MW150), that is efficacious in suppression of hippocampal-dependent associative and spatial memory deficits in two distinct synaptic dysfunction mouse models. A synthetic scheme for biocompatible product and positive outcomes from pharmacological screens are presented. The high-resolution crystallographic structure of the p38αMAPK/MW150 complex documents active site binding, reveals a potential low energy conformation of the bound inhibitor, and suggests a structural explanation for MW150's exquisite target selectivity. As far as we are aware, MW150 is without precedent as an isoform selective p38MAPK inhibitor or as a kinase inhibitor capable of modulating in vivo stress related behavior.
Host Odor Perception in Phytophagous Insects (1986)

With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More
Ad hoc Network에서 효율적인 보안 기법에 관한 연구 (2004)

Ad hoc network는 중앙 집중화된 관리나 표준화된 지원 서비스의 도움 없이 임시 망을 구성하는 무선 이동 호스트들의 집합으로서 제한된 무선 채널을 통해 이동 노드간의 통신을 수행하는 멀티 홉(multi-hop) 무선 네트워크이다. 따라서 중앙 집중화된 보안 기반구조가 아니기 때문에 보안 공격을 받기가 쉽게 된다. 기존의 보안 방법중의 하나인 threshold cryptography는 키의 유지와 분배를 위한 효율적인 구조를 제공하였으나 라우팅의 오버헤드가 증가하였고, 네트워크 전역의 트래픽이 증가되었다. 본 논문에서는 threshold cryptography에 의해 야기되는 오버헤드를 줄이고 인증된 패킷 전달을 돕기 위한 새로운 접근 방법을 제안한다.
PREPARATION OF N,N-DIPHENYL TOLUENE (2001)

Abstract N,N-Diphenyl toluene, a new compound, was obtained via a simple, one-pot condensation reaction between benzaldehyde and aniline. A very convenient procedure of purification was also explored. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province for support of this research (Grant C/B020103). We also wish to express our appreciation to Mrs. Zhixiao Li, Mr. Xuecheng Zhao, and Mr. Licun Zheng for their comtributions to this research program. Notes *According to [8], the melting point of product II is unlikely higher than 92°C, because the analogous 1, 1-diamino derivative PhCH(NH-NO2)2 melted at 92–95°C.
Effect of oxygen concentration on the growth of Nannochloropsis sp. at low light intensity (2011)

In large-scale microalgal production in tubular photobioreactors, the build-up of O(2) along the tubes is one of the major bottlenecks to obtain high productivities. Oxygen inhibits the growth, since it competes with carbon dioxide for the Rubisco enzyme involved in the CO(2) fixation to generate biomass. The effect of oxygen on growth of Nannochloropsis sp. was experimentally determined in a fully controlled flat-panel photobioreactor operated in turbidostat mode using an incident photon flux density of 100 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1) and with only the oxygen concentration as variable parameter. The dissolved oxygen concentration was varied from 20 to 250% air saturation. Results showed that there was no clear effect of oxygen concentration on specific growth rate (mean of 0.48 ± 0.40 day(-1)) upon increasing the oxygen concentration from 20% to 75% air saturation. Upon further increasing the oxygen concentration, however, a linear decrease in specific growth rate was observed, ranging from 0.48 ± 0.40 day(-1) at a dissolved oxygen concentration of 75% air saturation to 0.18 ± 0.01 day(-1) at 250% air saturation. In vitro data on isolated Rubisco were used to predict the quantum yield at different oxygen concentrations in the medium. The predicted decrease in quantum yield matches well with the observed decrease that was measured in vivo. These results indicate that the effect of oxygen on growth of Nannochloropsis sp. at low light intensity is only due to competitive inhibition of the Rubisco enzyme. At these sub-saturating light conditions, the presence of high concentrations of oxygen in the medium induced slightly higher carotenoid content, but the increased levels of this protective antioxidant did not diminish the growth-inhibiting effects of oxygen on the Rubisco.
Inactivation of the Escherichia coli heat‐labile enterotoxin by in vitro mutagenesis of the A‐subunit gene (1989)

In vitro mutagenesis of the LTA gene, encoding the A subunit of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin, has been used to obtain A subunits deficient in enzymic activity. One inactive A-subunit mutant which contained two amino acid substitutions, was shown to associate with native B subunits to form a holotoxoid lacking toxin activity. A serine to phenylalanine mutation appears to be responsible for the loss of toxicity.