gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor-beta signaling in breast cancer (2007)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional polypeptide that regulates cell growth, differentiation, and extracellular matrix formation. Studies on genetically engineered animal models have demonstrated that TGF-beta-mediated signaling pathway plays a critical role in both normal development and tumorigenesis of the breast. In pathogenesis of breast cancer, the role of TGF-beta appears featured with growth-inhibitory effects at early stages of carcinogenesis, but aggressive oncogenesis with transition to more advanced malignant states. The TGF-beta signaling pathway is also tissue-context and ligand content-dependent. Therein, therapeutic modulation of TGF-beta signaling may be a multifactorial event.
Human Cd4+ T Lymphocytes Consistently Respond to the Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen Ebna1 (2000)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen EBNA1 is critical for the persistence of the viral episome in replicating EBV-transformed human B cells. Therefore, all EBV-induced tumors express this foreign antigen. However, EBNA1 is invisible to CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes because its Gly/Ala repeat domain prevents proteasome-dependent processing for presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. We now describe that CD4(+) T cells from healthy adults are primed to EBNA1. In fact, among latent EBV antigens that stimulate CD4(+) T cells, EBNA1 is preferentially recognized. We present evidence that the CD4(+) response may provide a protective role, including interferon gamma secretion and direct cytolysis after encounter of transformed B lymphocyte cell lines (B-LCLs). Dendritic cells (DCs) process EBNA1 from purified protein and from MHC class II-mismatched, EBNA1-expressing cells including B-LCLs. In contrast, B-LCLs and Burkitt's lymphoma lines likely present EBNA1 after endogenous processing, as their capacity to cross-present from exogenous sources is weak or undetectable. By limiting dilution, there is a tight correlation between the capacity of CD4(+) T cell lines to recognize autologous B-LCL-expressing EBNA1 and DCs that have captured EBNA1. Therefore, CD4(+) T cells can respond to the EBNA1 protein that is crucial for EBV persistence. We suggest that this immune response is initiated in vivo by DCs that present EBV-infected B cells, and that EBNA1-specific CD4(+) T cell immunity be enhanced to prevent and treat EBV-associated malignancies.
Breast cancer diagnosis by lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in nipple discharge (1994)

LDH isozyme assay of nipple discharge may be a useful technique for providing a supporting diagnosis of breast cancer.
One-step electropolymeric co-immobilization of glucose oxidase and heparin for amperometric biosensing of glucose (2000)

Electropolymerization was used for the co-deposition of glucose oxidase and heparin onto metal electrode transducers. Such electropolymeric co-entrapment within a non-conducting poly(1,2-phenylenediamine) (PPD) film imparts both biocatalytic and anticoagulation activities onto the transducer, and greatly improves the performance of the sensor after exposure to whole blood. Essentially identical glucose signals are observed before and after exposure to blood samples. Scanning electron micrographs after such exposure reveal no platelet deposition or formation of a fibrin "clot". The effect of the heparin co-immobilization on the glucose response is examined. Improved biocompatibility is reported also in connection with a needle-type carbon paste biosensor configuration. The simultaneous localization of the enzyme and heparin offers great promise for simplifying the preparation of enzyme electrodes and designing biocompatible implantable glucose biosensors.
Advanced Turbine System Program Phase 2 cycle selection (1995)

ABB`s GT24-ATS can meet or exceed the ATS program goals with minimal risk. It requires only minor modifications to the GT24 EV/SEV combustors to meet NOx goals, without steam cooling, variable geometry, or moving parts.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (NSC 127716) in cancer patients. (1986)

A phase I trial and pharmacokinetic study of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dCyd) were conducted in 21 patients with advanced solid tumors. The drug was given as three 1-h infusions, separated by intervals of 7 h. Treatment was repeated every 3-6 weeks. Forty-six cycles of 5-aza-dCyd were administered at 7 dose levels ranging from 25 to 100 mg/m2 in three infusions. The dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, with a delayed white blood cell nadir, occurring at Day 22. Other toxicities included a mild, reversible elevation of serum creatinine in three patients, minimal nausea and vomiting in six patients, and transient fatigue in three patients. In this study one partial response in a patient with an undifferentiated carcinoma of the ethmoid sinus was observed. Plasma and urinary concentrations of 5-aza-dCyd were measured using a bioassay based on growth inhibition of L1210 leukemia cells in vitro. For 75 and 100 mg/m2 given as 1-h infusions, mean peak plasma concentrations of 0.93 and 2.01 microM, respectively, were attained. In seven of nine courses at doses of 25-60 mg/m2, plasma 5-aza-dCyd concentration was less than 0.01 microM. In one case at 30 mg/m2 and another at 60 mg/m2, peak plasma drug concentrations were determined to be 0.244 and 0.409 microM, respectively. Following cessation of the infusion rapid disappearance of drug from plasma was observed with a t1/2 alpha and t1/2 beta of 7 and 35 min, respectively. High clearance values and a total urinary excretion of less than 1% of the administered dose suggest that 5-aza-dCyd is eliminated rapidly and largely by metabolic processes. For the present schedule studied, a dose of 75 mg/m2 in three infusions, every 5 weeks, is recommended for phase II trials in solid tumors.
Specific cloning of DNA fragments absent from the DNA of a male patient with an X chromosome deletion. (1985)

A method that allows the specific cloning of DNA fragments absent from patients homozygous or hemizygous for chromosomal deletions is described. The method involves phenol-accelerated competitive DNA reassociation and subsequent molecular cloning of appropriately reassociated molecules. The deletion DNA sample utilized in the competition was isolated from a patient with a minute interstitial deletion in the short arm of the X chromosome. Sheared DNA isolated from a male child, who was diagnosed as having Duchenne muscular dystrophy, chronic granulomatous disease, and retinitis pigmentosa, was combined in a 200-fold excess with Mbo I-cleaved DNA isolated from a 49, XXXXY human lymphoid cell line, and the mixture was subjected to a phenol-enhanced reassociation technique. Analysis of 81 unique segments derived from cloned reassociated DNA molecules has led to the identification of 4 (5%) human DNA fragments that are absent from the male patient's DNA. The 4 clones were localized, on the basis of hybridization with restriction nuclease-digested genomic DNA from a panel of human and human-rodent hybrid cell lines, into three regions surrounding band 21 of the short arm of the normal human X chromosome. These clones are potential linkage markers for the diseases affecting this boy. Each clone, as well as others obtainable by this approach, may also serve as a starting point in the eventual cloning of these three X-linked-disease loci. Extension of this approach to other loci, including human tumors potentially homozygous for small deletions, should also be possible.
The effects of the information highway on health care in New Brunswick (2002)

In the past decade there has been a great number of technological advances that have affected the health care industry. With the development of electronic networking and communication systems the amount of information exchanged between health care professionals has risen dramatically. While the 'information highway' has had an impact on both economic and social sectors, it has also had a significant impact on the health care delivery system in all areas and will continue to do so into the next century. This discussion outlines some of the effects technology and the information highway have had on the health care system and highlights a model being developed in New Brunswick.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Production Enhancing Activity of Substituted 3'-Methylthalidomide: Influence of Substituents at the Phthaloyl Moiety on the Activity and Stereoselectivity. (1998)

The synthesis and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production enhancing activity of substituted 3'-methylthalidomides on human leukemia cell line HL-60 stimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) are described. Though the introduction of an electron-donating amino group at the phthaloyl moiety of alpha-methylthalidomides enhanced the activity, substituted alpha-methylthalidomides showed decreased stereoselectivity as compared to that of non-substituted alpha-methylthalidomide. The data indicates that the TNF-alpha production enhancing activity of thalidomide derivatives depends on both the electronic-state of substituents at the fused benzene ring and the stereochemistry of the glutarimide moiety.
Inhibition of αvβ3 Integrin Survival Signaling Enhances Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Effects of Radiotherapy (2005)

The involvement of alpha(v)beta3 and alpha(v)beta5 integrins in angiogenesis and the use of integrin antagonists as effective antiangiogenic agents are documented. Radiotherapy is an important therapy option for cancer. It has been shown that ionizing radiation exerts primarily antiangiogenic effects in tumors but has also proangiogenic effects as the reaction of the tumor to protect its own vasculature from radiation damage. Here, we show that combined treatment with S247, an Arg-Gly-Glu peptidomimetic antagonist of alpha(v)beta3 integrin, and external beam radiotherapy are beneficial in local tumor therapy. We found that radiation up-regulates alpha(v)beta3 expression in endothelial cells and consecutively phosphorylates Akt, which may provide a tumor escape mechanism from radiation injury mediated by integrin survival signaling. In the presence of S247, the radiation-induced Akt phosphorylation is strongly inhibited. Our studies on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, apoptosis, and clonogenic survival show that the radiosensitivity of endothelial cells is enhanced by the concurrent administration of the integrin antagonist. The in vitro data are successfully translated into human glioma (U87), epidermoid (A431), and prostate cancer (PC3) xenograft models growing s.c. on BALB/c-nu/nu mice. In vivo, the combination of S247 treatment and fractionated radiotherapy (5 x 2.5 Gy) leads to enhanced antiangiogenic and antitumor effects compared with either monotherapies. These results underline the importance of alpha(v)beta3 integrin when tumors protect their microvasculature from radiation-induced damage. The data also indicate that the combination of integrin antagonists and radiotherapy represents a rational approach in local cancer therapy.
Gender‐specific association between preproendothelin‐1 genotype and reduction of systolic blood pressure during antihypertensive treatment‐‐‐results from the Swedish irbesartan left ventricular hypertrophy investigation versus atenolol (SILVHIA) (2004)

Our finding suggests a gender-specific relationship between the G5665T preproendothelin-1 polymorphism and change in SBP in response to antihypertensive treatment with irbesartan or atenolol, suggesting the endothelin pathway to be a common mechanism included in the hypertensive action of the drugs.
Language identification of character images using machine learning techniques (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new approach for identifying the language type of character images. We do this by classifying individual character images to determine the language boundaries in multilingual documents. Two effective methods are considered for this purpose: the prototype classification method and support vector machines (SVM). Due to the large size of our training data set, we further propose a technique to speed up the training process for both methods. Applying the two methods to classifying characters into Chinese, English, and Japanese (including Hiragana and Katakana) has produced very accurate and comparable test results.
Isolation and cultivation of blastocyst‐derived stem cell lines from american mink (Mustela vison) (1992)

Ten embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from mink blastocysts were isolated and characterized. All the lines had a normal diploid karyotype; of the ten lines studied, five had the XX and five had the XY constitution. Testing of the pluripotency of the ES-like cells demonstrated that 1) among four lines of genotype XX, and X was late-replicating in three; both Xs were active in about one-third of cells of line MES8, and analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase revealed no dosage compensation for the X-linked gene; 2) when cultured in suspension, the majority of lines were capable of forming "simple" embryoid bodies (EB), and two only showed the capacity for forming "cystic" multilayer EBs. However, formation of ectoderm or foci of yolk sac hematopoiesis, a feature of mouse ES cells, was not observed in the "cystic" EB; 3) when cultured as a monolayer without feeder, the ES cells differentiated into either vimentin-positive fibroblast-like cells or cytokeratin-positive epithelial-like cells (less frequently); neural cells appeared in two lines; 4) when injected into athymic mice, only one of the four tested lines gave rise to tumors. These were fibrosarcomas composed of fibroblast-like cells, with an admixture of smooth muscular elements and stray islets of epithelial tissue; (5) when the ES cells of line MES1 were injected into 102 blastocyst cavities and subsequently transplanted into foster mothers, we obtained 30 offspring. Analysis of the biochemical markers and coat color did not demonstrate the presence of chimaeras among offspring. Thus the cell lines derived from mink blastocysts are true ES cells. However, their pluripotential capacities are restricted.
Codrugs Linking l-Dopa and Sulfur-Containing Antioxidants: New Pharmacological Tools against Parkinson’s Disease (2008)

A series of multifunctional codrugs (1-6) were synthesized to overcome the pro-oxidant effect associated with L-dopa (LD) therapy. Target compounds release LD and dopamine (DA) in human plasma after enzymatic hydrolysis, displaying an antioxidant effect superior to that of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). After intracerebroventricular injection of codrug 4, the levels of DA in the striatum were higher than those in LD-treated groups, indicating that this compound has a longer half-life in brain than LD.
Novel metalorganic chemical vapor deposition system for GaN growth (1991)

A novel metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system, which has two different flows, has been developed. One flow carries a reactant gas parallel to the substrate, and the other an inactive gas perpendicular to the substrate for the purpose of changing the direction of the reactant gas flow. The growth of a GaN film was attempted using this system, and a high quality, uniform film was obtained over a 2 in. sapphire substrate. The carrier concentration and Hall mobility are 1×1018/cm3 and 200 cm2/V s, respectively, which are the highest for GaN films grown directly on a sapphire substrate by the MOCVD method.
A Sex Attractant of the Western Corn Root worm12 (1973)

Approximately 12,000 female Diabrotica virgifera LeConte were extracted with hexane. Part of the resulting extract (oil) was column chromatographed to obtain various ether/hexane fractions. Crude and ether/hexane fractious were bioassayed in the laboratory and in the field. In the laboratory, the 5% ether/hexane fraction was the most attractive; in the field, acetone extracts of the crude hexane extract showed that 500 or more female equivalents were necessary to attract more than 10 males per trap during the testing period.
Diffusion barriers in layered contact structures (1981)

The concept of a diffusion barrier is discussed in the context of thin-film metallization systems. The conditions that an effective thin-film diffusion barrier should meet are enumerated. The dominant role of defects in determining the kinetic properties of a barrier layer is pointed out, and the consequent importance of the method of deposition and the parameters prevailing during deposition are stressed. Examples of the practically important cases of the stuffed barrier, the passive compound barrier, and the sacrificial barrier are given, with special emphasis on the latter as applied to Al contacting of silicide layers. Unconventional ways of forming multiple or novel diffusion barriers are briefly mentioned as well.
Online maneuver recognition and multimodal trajectory prediction for intersection assistance using non-parametric regression (2014)

Maneuver recognition and trajectory prediction of moving vehicles are two important and challenging tasks of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) at urban intersections. This paper presents a continuing work to handle these two problems in a consistent framework using non-parametric regression models. We provide a feature normalization scheme and present a strategy for constructing three-dimensional Gaussian process regression models from two-dimensional trajectory patterns These models can capture spatio-temporal characteristics of traffic situations. Given a new, partially observed and unlabeled trajectory, the maneuver can be recognized online by comparing the likelihoods of the observation data for each individual regression model. Furthermore, we take advantage of our representation for trajectory prediction. Because predicting possible trajectories at urban intersection involves obvious multimodalities and non-linearities, we employ the Monte Carlo method to handle these difficulties. This approach allows the incremental prediction of possible trajectories in situations where unimodal estimators such as Kalman Filters would not work well. The proposed framework is evaluated experimentally in urban intersection scenarios using real-world data.
A Sustainable Strategy to Prevent Misuse of Antibiotics for Acute Respiratory Infections (2012)

A CDSS interposed at the time of e-prescription nearly extinguished unwarranted use targeted antibiotics for ARI for four years. This intervention highlights a path toward sustainable antibiotics stewardship for outpatients with ARI.
Cloning of genes encoding alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase and beta-xylosidase from Trichoderma reesei by expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

A cDNA expression library of Trichoderma reesei RutC-30 was constructed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two genes, abf1 and bxl1, were isolated by screening the yeast library for extracellular alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase activity with the substrate p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside. The genes abf1 and bxl1 encode 500 and 758 amino acids, respectively, including the signal sequences. The deduced amino acid sequence of ABFI displays high-level similarity to the alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase B of Aspergillus niger, and the two can form a new family of glycosyl hydrolases. The deduced amino acid sequence of BXLI shows similarities to the beta-glucosidases grouped in family 3. The yeast-produced enzymes were tested for enzymatic activities against different substrates. ABFI released L-arabinose from p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside and arabinoxylans and showed some beta-xylosidase activity toward p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside. BXLI did not release L-arabinose from arabinoxylan. It showed alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, alpha-L-arabinopyranosidase, and beta-xylosidase activities against p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase, p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D- xylopyranoside, respectively, with the last activity being the highest. It was also able to hydrolyze xylobiose and slowly release xylose from polymeric xylan. ABFI and BXLI correspond to a previously purified alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase and a beta-xylosidase from T. reesei, respectively, as confirmed by partial amino acid sequencing of the Trichoderma-produced enzymes. Both enzymes produced in yeasts displayed hydrolytic properties similar to those of the corresponding enzymes purified from T. reesei.
Molecular cloning and expression of murine liver soluble epoxide hydrolase (1993)

A clofibrate-induced mouse liver cDNA library was prepared and used to isolate the coding sequence for soluble epoxide hydrolase. A 1668-base pair (bp) clone was isolated and found to contain a 1269-bp open reading frame coding for 423 amino acids. Subsequent RNA polymerase chain reaction resulted in the isolation of 396 bp of additional 5'-sequence. Translation of the resulting 1659-bp open reading frame produced a 553-residue protein (62,527 Da) containing deduced peptide segments that matched the amino acid sequences of six peptide fragments isolated previously from CNBr digests of pure murine soluble epoxide hydrolase. Neither the DNA nor the protein sequence showed significant similarity to other currently published sequences. Structural analysis of the soluble epoxide hydrolase coding region suggested at least one potential regulatory motif. Expression of the composite cDNA in COS-7 cells resulted in a 5-10-fold increase in soluble epoxide hydrolase activity and a similar increase in soluble epoxide hydrolase protein amount compared to mock-transfected or vector control-transfected cells. Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with clofibrate led to an approximately 4-fold increase in both soluble epoxide hydrolase enzyme activity and steady-state mRNA levels.
The Activation and Inhibition of Human Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by RJR‐2403 Indicate a Selectivity for the α4β2 Receptor Subtype (2000)

Human nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor subtypes expressed in Xenopus oocytes were characterized in terms of their activation by the experimental agonist RJR-2403. Responses to RJR-2403 were compared with those evoked by ACh and nicotine. These agonists were also characterized in terms of whether application of the drugs had the effect of producing a residual inhibition that was manifest as a decrease in subsequent control responses to ACh measured 5 min after the washout of the drug. For the activation of alpha4beta2 receptors, RJR-2403 had an efficacy equivalent to that of ACh and was more potent than ACh. RJR-2403 was less efficacious than ACh for other human receptor subtypes, suggesting that it is a partial agonist for all these receptors. Nicotine activated peak currents in human alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta2 receptors that were 85 and 50% of the respective ACh maximum responses. Nicotine was an efficacious activator of human alpha7 receptors, with a potency similar to ACh, whereas RJR-2403 had very low potency and efficacy for these receptors. At concentrations of <1 mM, RJR-2403 did not produce any residual inhibition of subsequent ACh responses for any receptor subtype. In contrast, nicotine produced profound residual inhibition of human alpha4beta2, alpha3beta2, and alpha7 receptors with IC(50) values of 150, 200, and 150 microM, respectively. Co-expression of the human alpha5 subunit with alpha3 and beta2 subunits had the effect of producing protracted responses to ACh and increasing residual inhibition by ACh and nicotine but not RJR-2403. In conclusion, our results, presented in the context of the complex pharmacology of nicotine for both activating and inhibiting neuronal nicotinic receptor subtypes, suggest that RJR-2403 will be a potent and relatively selective activator of human alpha4beta2 receptors.