gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of mast cell K+ channels through multiple G protein-linked receptors. (1993)

The rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) mast cell line possesses cell surface receptors for adenosine whose ligation markedly potentiates antigen-driven Ca2+ influx and secretion. Here we show that engagement of these receptors and of separate P2 purinergic receptors rapidly activates an outwardly rectifying K+ conductance [GK(OR)] in RBL cells. Activation of GK(OR) by the ligands 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine (NECA), ADP, and ATP was prevented by cytoplasmic guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate as well as by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin, implicating mediation by a G protein. Multiple cycles of induction and decay of GK(OR) were produced upon application and removal of ligand. Induction of GK(OR) by either ligand was much faster than the induction caused by guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (t1/2 < 10 sec vs. 210 sec.). In control cells the maximal whole-cell conductance elicited by ADP (2.25 +/- 0.30 nS) or ATP (2.50 +/- 0.33 nS) was about twice as large as that induced by NECA (1.03 +/- 0.11 nS), and similar to that previously reported for the guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate-elicited GK(OR) in RBL cells (2.58 +/- 1.59 nS). Treatment of RBL cells with dexamethasone upregulated Ca2+ responses to NECA, and it also nearly doubled the maximal conductance elicited by NECA without appreciable effect on responses to ADP or ATP. The failure of water-soluble second messengers to activate GK(OR) and the inability of 11 mM EGTA (< 10 nM Ca2+) to prevent activation by ADP suggest that the relevant pathway is membrane-delimited. Two ion-channel blockers inhibited antigen-stimulated secretion with IC50 values similar to those at which they blocked GK(OR), suggesting that activity of the outwardly rectifying K+ channel may be important for stimulus-response coupling in these cells. Potentiation of the secretory response by NECA may reflect, in part, the activation of GK(OR), which serves to repolarize the membrane more effectively than does the constitutive mechanism, thereby enhancing antigen-driven Ca2+ influx. This channel and its functionally associated receptors may allow neighboring cells of the host to modulate the response of mast cells to exogenous antigen.
The influence of moisture on surface properties and insulation characteristics of AlN substrates (1989)

The influence of moisture on the surface properties and insulation characteristics of sintered aluminum nitride (AlN) substrates was investigated. Two AlN substrates, one nontreated and the other with an oxidizing heat treatment, were exposed to moisture under several sets of conditions. For the nontreated substrate, changes in weight and surface properties were not observed, and neither was degradation of insulation characteristics under high temperature and humidity test conditions (80 degrees C, 90% RH). Under more severe conditions of a pressure cooker test (121 degrees C, 2 atm, water vapor), the surface morphology changed and the insulation characteristics were degraded. These changes are attributed to formation of a new surface layer on the substrate. Verification of this hypothesis was undertaken by carrying out an immersion test in warm water (80 degrees C). Clear changes in surface morphology were seen. Meanwhile, the oxidized substrates were found to experience no changes in weight or surface morphology under the pressure cooker test. It is concluded that the thermal oxidation process is an effective way to protect the AlN substrates against moisture and the subsequent degradation of the insulation characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Circulating Tumor DNA Analyses as Markers of Recurrence Risk and Benefit of Adjuvant Therapy for Stage III Colon Cancer (2019)

Results suggest that ctDNA analysis after surgery is a promising prognostic marker in stage III colon cancer. Postchemotherapy ctDNA analysis may define a patient subset that remains at high risk of recurrence despite completing standard adjuvant treatment. This high-risk population presents a unique opportunity to explore additional therapeutic approaches.
MicroRNA-145, a Novel Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Marker and Modulator, Controls Vascular Neointimal Lesion Formation (2009)

Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of a variety of proliferative vascular diseases. Recently, we have found that microRNA (miRNA) miR-145 is the most abundant miRNA in normal vascular walls and in freshly isolated VSMCs; however, the role of miR-145 in VSMC phenotypic modulation and vascular diseases is currently unknown. Here we find that miR-145 is selectively expressed in VSMCs of the vascular wall and its expression is significantly downregulated in the vascular walls with neointimal lesion formation and in cultured dedifferentiated VSMCs. More importantly, both in cultured rat VSMCs in vitro and in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries in vivo, we demonstrate that the noncoding RNA miR-145 is a novel phenotypic marker and a novel phenotypic modulator of VSMCs. VSMC differentiation marker genes such as SM alpha-actin, calponin, and SM-MHC are upregulated by premiR-145 or adenovirus expressing miR-145 (Ad-miR-145) but are downregulated by the miR-145 inhibitor 2'OMe-miR-145. We have further identified that miR-145-mediated phenotypic modulation of VSMCs is through its target gene KLF5 and its downstream signaling molecule, myocardin. Finally, restoration of miR-145 in balloon-injured arteries via Ad-miR-145 inhibits neointimal growth. We conclude that miR-145 is a novel VSMC phenotypic marker and modulator that is able of controlling vascular neointimal lesion formation. These novel findings may have extensive implications for the diagnosis and therapy of a variety of proliferative vascular diseases.
Iron Deficiency Anemia (2008)

The most severe consequence of iron depletion is iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and it is still considered the most common nutrition deficiency worldwide. Although the etiology of IDA is multifaceted, it generally results when the iron demands by the body are not met by iron absorption, regardless of the reason. Individuals with IDA have inadequate intake, impaired absorption or transport, physiologic losses associated with chronological or reproductive age, or chronic blood loss secondary to disease. In adults, IDA can result in a wide variety of adverse outcomes including diminished work or exercise capacity, impaired thermoregulation, immune dysfunction, GI disturbances, and neurocognitive impairment. In addition, IDA concomitant with chronic kidney disease or congestive heart failure can worsen the outcome of both conditions. In this review, the prevalence of IDA related to confounding medical conditions will be described along with its diverse etiologies. Distinguishing IDA from anemia of chronic disease using hematologic measures is reviewed as well. In addition, current diagnostic strategies that are inclusive of clinical presentation, biochemical tests, and differential diagnosis will be outlined, followed by a discussion of treatment modalities and future research recommendations.
Spontaneous Regression of High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia: Effects of Human Papillomavirus Type and HLA Phenotype (2005)

CIN2/3 lesions associated with HPV16 alone are significantly less likely to resolve spontaneously than those caused by other types. Interactions among HPV type, HLA type, and regression rate support a role for HLA-restricted HPV-specific immune responses in determining disease outcome.
Detection of Salmonella DNA in Chicken Embryos and Environmental Samples by Polymerase Chain Reaction. (1996)

By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a pair of primers specific for Salmonella phoE gene a 365-bp specific gene fragment could be amplified from yolk of infertile eggs and dead-in-shell chicken embryos, and from environmental samples. Out of 45 dead-in-shell embryo samples, 20 (44.4%) were found positive for Salmonella DNA by PCR compared to 11 (24.4%) by bacteria isolation. Salmonella DNA could also be detected from infertile eggs, chicken faeces, floor litter and chick fluff, which incidence was higher than that by bacteria isolation.
A Unifying View of Wiener and Volterra Theory and Polynomial Kernel Regression (2006)

Volterra and Wiener series are perhaps the best-understood nonlinear system representations in signal processing. Although both approaches have enjoyed a certain popularity in the past, their application has been limited to rather low-dimensional and weakly nonlinear systems due to the exponential growth of the number of terms that have to be estimated. We show that Volterra and Wiener series can be represented implicitly as elements of a reproducing kernel Hilbert space by using polynomial kernels. The estimation complexity of the implicit representation is linear in the input dimensionality and independent of the degree of nonlinearity. Experiments show performance advantages in terms of convergence, interpretability, and system sizes that can be handled.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins 2 and 4 Are Selectively Expressed by Late Outgrowth Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Promote Neoangiogenesis (2008)

BMP2/4 are a marker of ECFCs and play a key role in ECFC commitment and outgrowth during neovascularization.
Failure to thrive (2001)

Aims and intended learning outcomes This article aims to provide an overview of current scientific understanding of the role of nutrition in failure to thrive in early life. After reading this article you should be able to: ■Understand the way in which failure to thrive is detected and monitored ■Identify the health risks associated with failure to thrive in early life ■Appreciate the multifactorial causation of failure to thrive ■Appreciate that appropriate dietary advice is part of a broader approach to management ■Recognise that successful treatment can improve poor growth, rate of cognitive development and possibly longer term cognitive ability.
Resveratrol Suppresses Growth of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells in Culture and in a Murine Xenograft Model: Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1A2 as a Potential Target (2009)

The eukaryotic elongation factor 1A2 (eEF1A2) is known to retain oncogenic potential and is recognized as a novel target for cancer prevention and therapy. Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), a phytoalexin present in grapes, has been reported to possess chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities. In the present study, we examined the growth-inhibitory effects of resveratrol in human ovarian cancer PA-1 cells, considering eEF1A2 as a potential molecular target. Pretreatment with resveratrol attenuated proliferation of serum-starved PA-1 cells stimulated with insulin or serum. Resveratrol also activated caspase-9, -7, and -3 and induced apoptosis in PA-1 cells in the presence of insulin or serum. Insulin or serum stimulation of PA-1 cells resulted in the marked induction of eEF1A2, which was suppressed by pretreatment with resveratrol. Moreover, resveratrol inhibited insulin- or serum-induced soft-agar colony formation in eEF1A2-transfected NIH3T3 cells. An antibody array directed to assess the phosphorylation of protein kinases revealed that treatment with insulin or serum induced the phosphorylation of Akt in PA-1 cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of Akt with LY294002 abrogated insulin- or serum-induced eEF1A2 expression and increased the caspase-3 activity. In another experiment, i.p. administration of resveratrol retarded the growth of PA-1 cell xenograft and the expression of eEF1A2 in athymic nude mice in association with decreased bromodeoxyuridine positivity, reduced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, increased the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and caspase-3 staining, and diminished CD31 positivity. Taken together, eEF1A2 may be considered as a potential molecular target for the antiproliferative effects of resveratrol in PA-1 ovarian cancer cells.
Preclinical Gene Therapy Studies for Hemophilia Using Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors (2004)

Gene therapy offers a potential cure for hemophilia and several gene transfer vectors have been evaluated for their ability to treat this disease. This article reviews the studies that have been performed to evaluate the ability of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to achieve safely the sustained expression of clotting factors following intramuscular, intravenous, and intrahepatic delivery to several animal models. These routes of administration are all effective in providing sustained and therapeutic levels of factor IX (FIX), although the levels vary. Intrahepatic delivery is more efficacious than intravenous administration, which is superior to intramuscular delivery. The recent development of efficient factor VIII (FVIII) expression cassettes has made AAV-based gene therapy for hemophilia A also within reach. Although no acute toxicity has been observed with any route of administration, an increased risk of antibody formation against FIX has been noted following intramuscular delivery. Biodistribution studies concluded that the vector disseminates to most tissues in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, but the majority of the vector resides in the targeted tissue. In addition, the risk of germline transmission has been shown to be low or absent. The relatively recent isolation of new AAV serotypes has resulted in the identification of vectors that have enhanced tropism for certain tissues. This combined with the potential of these new vectors to evade the immune response to AAV2, makes them attractive candidates for gene therapy. Although much progress has been made using AAV to treat hemophilia, there are several outstanding issues that need to be addressed. Delivery of AAV to large animals has not been reproducible, which could be due to nonoptimized delivery and/or immune responses to the vector or transgene product. In addition, a complete understanding of the biology of these vectors is required to assess their long-term safety. Solving these issues will lead to the development of a successful gene therapy product.
A Survey of Dynamic Spectrum Access: Signal Processing and Networking Perspectives (2007)

In this paper, we provide a survey of dynamic spectrum access techniques. Various approaches envisioned for dynamic spectrum access are broadly categorized under three models: dynamic exclusive use model, open sharing model, and hierarchical access model. Based on this taxonomy, we provide an overview of the technical challenges and recent advances under each model.
Stereoselective Access to Z and E Macrocycles by Ruthenium-Catalyzed Z-Selective Ring-Closing Metathesis and Ethenolysis (2012)

The first report of Z-selective macrocyclizations using a ruthenium-based metathesis catalyst is described. The selectivity for Z macrocycles is consistently high for a diverse set of substrates with a variety of functional groups and ring sizes. The same catalyst was also employed for the Z-selective ethenolysis of a mixture of E and Z macrocycles, providing the pure E isomer. Notably, an ethylene pressure of only 1 atm was required. These methodologies were successfully applied to the construction of several olfactory macrocycles as well as the formal total synthesis of the cytotoxic alkaloid motuporamine C.
Ultrasound in Finger Joints: Findings in Normal Subjects and Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Synovial Disease (2007)

An unacceptably high number of joints obtained pathological scores with both scoring systems in healthy volunteers. This indicates that many of the scores interpreted as pathological in patients with RA may just be normal findings, with increasing numbers in older patients.
Polyarginine Induces an Antitumor Immune Response through Binding to Toll‐Like Receptor 4 (2013)

A novel function of polyarginine as an activator of the immune system is reported. Single-molecule fluorescence imaging and single-molecule force measurements demonstrate that polyarginine binds specifically to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), inducing receptor dimerization and activation. Moreover, polyarginine induced immune activation inhibits tumor growth. These results suggest the potential use of polyarginine for cancer immunotherapy.
Deep Sequencing of Distinct Preparations of the Live Attenuated Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine Reveals a Conserved Core of Attenuating Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (2016)

The continued success of vaccinations to prevent chickenpox and shingles, combined with the extremely low incidence of adverse reactions, indicates the quality of these vaccines. The vaccine itself is comprised of a heterogeneous live attenuated virus population and thus requires deep-sequencing technologies to explore the differences and similarities in the virus populations between different preparations and batches of the vaccines. Our data demonstrate minimal variation between batches, an important safety feature, and provide new insights into the extent of the mutations present in this attenuated virus.
Quantitative assessment of the effect of uracil-DNA glycosylase on amplicon DNA degradation and RNA amplification in reverse transcription-PCR (2005)

Although PCR and RT-PCR provided a valuable approach for detection of pathogens, the high level of sensitivity of these assays also makes them prone to false positive results. In addition to cross-contamination with true positive samples, false positive results are also possible due to "carry-over" contamination of samples with amplicon DNA generated by previous reactions. To reduce this source of false positives, amplicon generated by reactions in which dUTP was substituted for dTTP can be degraded by uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG). UNG does not degrade RNA but will cleave contaminating uracil-containing DNA while leaving thymine-containing DNA intact. The availability of heat-labile UNG makes use of this approach feasible for RT-PCR. In this study, real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify UNG degradation of amplicon DNA and the effect of UNG on RNA detection. Using the manufacturers' recommended conditions, complete degradation of DNA was not observed for samples containing 250 copies of amplicon DNA. Doubling the UNG concentration resulted in degradation of the two lowest concentrations of DNA tested, but also resulted in an increase of 1.94 cycles in the CT for RNA detection. To improve DNA degradation while minimizing the effect on RNA detection, a series of time, temperature and enzyme concentrations were evaluated. Optimal conditions were found to be 0.25 U UNG per 25 microl reaction with a 20 min, 30 degrees C incubation prior to RT-PCR. Under these conditions, high concentrations of amplicon DNA could be degraded while the CT for RNA detection was increased by 1.2 cycles.
The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor PTK787/ZK222584 inhibits growth and migration of multiple myeloma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment (2003)

Our prior studies show that multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines and patient cells express high-affinity vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR) Flt-1 but not Flk-1/KDR. Moreover, these studies have shown that VEGF induces proliferation and migration of MM cells, and we have begun to delineate the signaling cascades mediating those sequelae. In this study, we examined the activity of PTK787/ZK 222584 (PTK787), a molecule designed to bind specifically to the tyrosine kinase domain of VEGFR and inhibit angiogenesis. We show that PTK787 acts both directly on MM cells and in the bone marrow microenvironment. Specifically, PTK787 (1-5 micro M) inhibits proliferation of MM cells by 50%, as assayed by [(3)H]thymidine uptake. This effect of PTK787 is dose dependent in both MM cell lines and patient cells that are both sensitive and resistant to conventional therapy. PTK787 enhances the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on growth of MM cells and can overcome the protective effect of interleukin 6 (IL-6) against dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. PTK787 (1 micro M) also blocks VEGF-induced migration of MM cells across an extracellular matrix. Importantly, PTK787 also inhibits the increased MM cell proliferation and increased IL-6 and VEGF secretion in cultures of MM cells adherent to bone marrow stem cells. These findings therefore demonstrate that PTK787 both acts directly on MM cells and inhibits paracrine IL-6-mediated MM cell growth in the bone marrow milieu. The demonstrated anti-MM activity of PTK787, coupled with its antiangiogenic effects, provides the framework for clinical trials of this agent to overcome drug resistance and improve outcome in MM.
Reading vascular changes in brain imaging: Is dendritic calcium the key? (2005)

A key goal in functional neuroimaging is to track the neuronal correlates of mental activity based on signals related to local changes in metabolism and blood flow. Recent findings indicate that the dendritic processing of excitatory synaptic inputs correlates more closely than the generation of spikes with the brain imaging signals. The correlation is often non-linear and context-sensitive, and cannot be generalized for every condition or brain region. The vascular signals are mainly produced by rises in intracellular calcium in neurons and possibly astrocytes, which activate key enzymes that produce vasodilators to generate increments in flow and, in turn, the positive BOLD (blood-oxygen-level-dependent) signal. Our new knowledge of the cellular mechanisms of functional brain imaging signals place constraints on the interpretation of the data.
A Comparison of Four Particulate Bone Derivatives (1991)

Samples of four types of particulate bone matrix derivatives were prepared and surgically inserted into standardized critical-sized defects in calvariae of Long-Evans rats. Implantation of demineralized bone matrix (DBM), bone regenerative matrix, and two types of particulate chemosterilized, antigen-extracted, autolyzed, allogeneic (AAA) bone from endochondral (eAAA) and intramembranous (iAAA) sources will result in the regeneration of bone in orthotopic skull defects. The four preparations were tested in orthotopic, 8-mm calvarial wounds to compare the quantity of new bone that formed 28 days postimplantation. Quantitative computer imaging was used to measure roentgenographic gray levels and bone volume of new trabeculae (calcified plus osteoid). All experimental bone matrix derivatives produced more bone volume than the nontreated control wounds. Bone volume regenerated from iAAA was significantly less than eAAA and DBM-regenerated bone.