gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple independent loci within the human cytomegalovirus unique short region down-regulate expression of major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chains (1995)

Reduction of major histocompatibility complex class I cell surface expression occurs in adenovirus-, herpes simplex virus-, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-, and murine cytomegalovirus-infected cell systems. Recently, it was demonstrated that the down-regulation mediated by HCMV infection is posttranslational, as a result of increased turnover of class I heavy chains in the endoplasmic reticulum (M. F. C. Beersma, M. J. E. Bijlmakers, and H. L. Ploegh, J. Immunol. 151:4455-4464, 1993; Y. Yamashita, K. Shimokata, S. Saga, S. Mizuno, T. Tsurumi, and Y. Nishiyama, J. Virol. 68:7933-7943, 1994. To identify HCMV genes involved in class I regulation, we screened our bank of HCMV deletion mutants for this phenotype. A mutant with a 9-kb deletion in the S component of the HCMV genome (including open reading frames IRS1 to US9 and US11) failed to down-regulate class I heavy chains. By examining the effects of smaller deletions within this portion of the HCMV genome, a 7-kb region containing at least nine open reading frames was shown to contain the genes required for reduction in heavy-chain expression. Furthermore, it was determined that at least two independent loci within the 7-kb region were able to cause class I heavy-chain down-regulation. One of these, US11, encodes a 32-kDa glycoprotein which causes down-regulation of class I heavy chains in the absence of other viral gene products. Hence, a specific function associated with a phenotype of the HCMV replicative cycle has been mapped to a dispensable gene region. These loci may be important for evasion of the host's immune response and viral persistence.
A hybrid cascaded multi-level converter for power storage system (2013)

Power storage system using battery and super-capacitor are more and more popular in renewable energy, smart grid and electrical vehicles. But the voltage and current of the basic battery cells and super-capacitor are limited. So in practical applications, a large number of cells are connected in seriously or parallel to improve the output voltage and current ability. Due to the differences between the cells, voltage and current equalizations are necessary to prevent overcharge or over-discharge on some cells. In this paper, a novel hybrid cascaded multi-level converter is proposed to solve the voltage equalization problems. The battery cells are connected by the cascaded half-bridges instead of being connected directly. The charge and discharge of the battery cells can be controlled separately and then the voltage equalization can be realized. Some experimental results will be given to verify the effects of the proposed converter.
Antibodies against highly conserved sites in the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase domain as probes for structure and function (1993)

We generated anti-peptide antibodies against four highly conserved sequences in the kinase domain and against two nonconserved sequences surrounding autophosphorylation sites in the carboxyl-terminal domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These antibodies were used to examine topology and function in catalysis of specific sequences. Two of the highly conserved sites, HRD (residues 811-818) and DFG (residues 827-838), appeared to participate in catalysis since alpha HRD and alpha DFG but not the other anti-peptide antibodies inhibited EGFR kinase activity. Examination of the topology of the six sites revealed that epitopes in all except the HRD site appeared to be exposed to antibody binding in the EGFR. The conditions that caused increased exposure of the HRD site to interaction with antibody included autophosphorylation, addition of the ionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and elevation in temperature from 4 to 34 degrees C.
Use of intravenous gamma globulin to passively immunize high-risk children against respiratory syncytial virus: safety and pharmacokinetics. The RSVIG Study Group (1991)

Infants with cardiopulmonary disease develop severe illness from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Safety, feasibility, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) to prevent RSV illness were studied in 23 high-risk infants in a phase I trial. IVIG with an RSV neutralizing antibody titer of 1:1,100 in 5% solution was given monthly over a 2- to 4-h period in a clinical setting during the RSV season. The first group (n = 7) received 500 mg/kg of body weight, the second group (n = 9) received 600 mg/kg, and the third group (n =7) received 750 mg/kg. Serum was drawn prior to infusion and 2, 14, and 30 days after infusion. Total immunoglobulin G and RSV A2 and RSV B neutralizing antibody levels were obtained after the first IVIG infusion. Two children developed mild reversible pulmonary edema (group receiving 600 mg/kg per dose), and one developed hives and wheezing during one infusion (group receiving 500 mg/kg per dose). Twelve children developed subsequent RSV infection during two RSV seasons (November to April) over a 2-year follow-up period; 9 of 12 developed infection during the infusion year. Eleven illnesses were mild; one child died of progressive RSV illness (group receiving 500 mg/kg per dose). A cumulative infusion effect was not observed. IVIG appears safe and feasible in an outpatient setting, and at 750 mg/kg per dose, a target RSV antibody level of greater than or equal to 1:100 was achieved.
Constitutive and Interleukin-1-inducible Phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB at Serine 536 Is Mediated by Multiple Protein Kinases Including IκB Kinase (IKK)-α, IKKβ, IKKϵ, TRAF Family Member-associated (TANK)-binding Kinase 1 (TBK1), and an Unknown Kinase and Couples p65 to TATA-binding Protein-associated Factor II31-mediated Interleukin-8 Transcription (2004)

Phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65(RelA) serine 536 is physiologically induced in response to a variety of proinflammatory stimuli, but the responsible pathways have not been conclusively unraveled, and the function of this phosphorylation is largely elusive. In contrast to previous studies, we found no evidence for a role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in interleukin-1- or tumor necrosis factor-induced Ser-536 phosphorylation, as revealed by pharmacological inhibitors. We were not able to suppress Ser-536 phosphorylation by either RNA interference directed at IkappaB kinase (IKK)-alpha/beta (the best characterized Ser-536 kinases so far) or the IKKbeta inhibitor SC-514 or dominant negative mutants of either IKK. A green fluorescent protein p65 fusion protein was phosphorylated at Ser-536 in the absence of IKK activation, suggesting the existence of IKKalpha/beta-independent Ser-536 kinases. Chromatographic fractionation of cell extracts allowed the identification of two distinct enzymatic activities phosphorylating Ser-536. Peak 1 represents an unknown kinase, whereas peak 2 contained IKKalpha, IKKbeta, IKKepsilon, and TBK1. Overexpressed IKKepsilon and TBK1 phosphorylate Ser-536 in vivo and in vitro. Reconstitution of mutant p65 proteins in p65-deficient fibroblasts that either mimicked phosphorylation (S536D) or preserved a predicted hydrogen bond between Ser-536 and Asp-533 (S536N) revealed that phosphorylation of Ser-536 favors interleukin-8 transcription mediated by TATA-binding protein-associated factor II31, a component of TFIID. In the absence of phosphorylation, the hydrogen bond favors binding of the corepressor amino-terminal enhancer of split to the p65 terminal transactivation domain. Collectively, our results provide evidence for at least five kinases that converge on Ser-536 of p65 and a novel function for this phosphorylation site in the recruitment of components of the basal transcriptional machinery to the interleukin-8 promoter.
Capsaicin for allergic rhinitis in adults (2006)

There is insufficient evidence to assess the use of capsaicin in clinical practice.
Apoptosis in human cancer cells (2003)

Understanding the basic mechanisms of apoptosis and determining how cancer cells evade apoptosis will afford discoveries of new molecular targets and better cancer therapies.
Expression of Variant TMPRSS2/ERG Fusion Messenger RNAs Is Associated with Aggressive Prostate Cancer (2006)

Recent studies have reported that the majority of prostate cancers express fusion genes in which the 5' region of the androgen-regulated TMPRSS2 gene is fused to an ETS family transcription factor, most commonly the ERG gene. We have characterized in detail the expression of TMPRSS2/ERG fusion mRNAs and correlated the isoforms expressed and expression levels with clinical outcome in cancers from men undergoing radical prostatectomy. Overall, 59% of clinically localized prostate cancers express the TMPRSS2/ERG fusion gene, confirming the initial observations of high frequency expression of this fusion mRNA in prostate cancer. There was significant variation in the alternatively spliced isoforms expressed in different cancers. Expression of an isoform, in which the native ATG in exon 2 of the TMPRSS2 gene is in frame with exon 4 of the ERG gene, was associated with clinical and pathologic variables of aggressive disease. Expression of other isoforms, in which the native ERG ATG in exon 3 was the first in-frame ATG, was associated with seminal vesicle invasion, which is correlated with poor outcome following radical prostatectomy. Cancers not expressing these isoforms tended to express higher levels of fusion mRNAs, and in this group, higher expression levels of fusion mRNA were present in cancers with early prostate-specific antigen recurrence. Thus, both the isoforms of TMPRSS2/ERG fusions expressed and expression level may affect prostate cancer progression.
Late memory-related genes in the hippocampus revealed by RNA fingerprinting (1997)

Although long-term memory is thought to require a cellular program of gene expression and increased protein synthesis, the identity of proteins critical for associative memory is largely unknown. We used RNA fingerprinting to identify candidate memory-related genes (MRGs), which were up-regulated in the hippocampus of water maze-trained rats, a brain area that is critically involved in spatial learning. Two of the original 10 candidate genes implicated by RNA fingerprinting, the rat homolog of the ryanodine receptor type-2 and glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3), were further investigated by Northern blot analysis, reverse transcription-PCR, and in situ hybridization and confirmed as MRGs with distinct temporal and regional expression. Successive RNA screening as illustrated here may help to reveal a spectrum of MRGs as they appear in distinct domains of memory storage.
New and Improved Vaccines Against Meningococcal Disease (1997)

Abstract : Meningococcal disease in its various forms is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, an aerobic, gram-negative diplococcus. Its sole natural habitat is human mucosal membranes, primarily the nasopharynx, which it normally colonizes without causing disease. Virulent strains freshly isolated from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid are typically encapsulated, whereas throat isolates may or may not be encapsulated. The capsules are composed of anionic polysaccharides, which are the basis for classification of the species into serogroups. Twelve different serogroups are current recognized: A, B, C, 29E, H, I, K, L, W135, X, Y, and Z. The respective capsular polysaccharides (CP) have all been chemically and structurally defiled 1.
Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTWater Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current IssuesSusan D. Richardson*† and Thomas A. Ternes‡View Author Information† National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States‡ Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, D-56068 GermanyCite this: Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 12, 4614–4648Publication Date (Web):June 14, 2011Publication History Published online14 June 2011Published inissue 15 June 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac200915rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac200915rreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16338Altmetric-Citations512LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Drinking water,Impurities,Perchlorates,Pharmaceuticals,Wastewater Get e-Alerts
Phage display and selection of a site-directed randomized single-chain antibody Fv fragment for its affinity improvement (1993)

The affinity of an antibody Fv fragment was improved by semirational design involving site-directed randomization and phage display. On the basis of the predicted model of an anti-2-phenyloxazol-5-one (phOx) antibody Fv fragment, into which the ligand was inserted with the help of nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) data, residues close to the hapten were identified. Seven of these residues in the third hypervariable regions of light and heavy chains were randomized in polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using degenerate oligonucleotides. Resulting clones were expressed as single-chain Fv (scFV) fragments on the surface of filamentous phage and selected for binding to phOx-conjugated bovine serum albumin. Selected Fv fragments were analyzed for hapten affinity by fluorescence quenching, and several mutants with improved affinities were identified. Phage selection on the basis of binding was very successful when phage scFv mutants differed in affinity by at least a factor of 6. Smaller differences did not result in predominant selection of the best binder. Combination of the two point mutations most crucial for improved hapten binding decreased the dissociation constant of the Fv for phOx 11-14-fold. Hapten binding of the improved Fv was analyzed in NOE experiments.
Chemical Characterization of D-Lactate Dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli B (1968)

Abstract The d-lactate dehydrogenase (d-lactate:diphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.28) from Escherichia coli B has been purified to homogeneity. This enzyme, mol wt 115,000, is very sensitive to autoxidation. The amino acid composition has been determined. All 12 of the cysteinyl residues of the enzyme are in the reduced state. Reaction of these cysteinyl residues with arsenite, thiol reagents, or alkylating agents leads to inhibition or inactivation of the enzyme. Pyruvate or diphosphopyridine nucleotide protects the enzyme against alkylation by iodoacetamide. However, the addition of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide causes a significant increase in the rate of alkylation by iodoacetamide, suggesting that the binding of the reduced coenzyme to this lactate dehydrogenase causes a conformational change in the protein.
Principles of Plasticization (1965)

Plasticizatlon, in general, refers to a change in the thermal and mechanical properties of a given polymer which involves: (a) lowering of rigidity at room temperature; (b) lowering of temperature, at which substantial deformations can be effected with not too large forces; (c) increase of the elongation to break at room temperature; (d) increase of the toughness (impact strength) down to the lowest temperature of serviceability. These effects can be achieved: (1) by compounding the given polymer with a low molecular weight compound or with another polymers and (2) by introducing into the original polymer a comonomer which reduces crystalllzabillty and increases chain flexibility.
Single-copy transgenic mice with chosen-site integration. (1996)

We describe a general way of introducing transgenes into the mouse germ line for comparing different sequences without the complications of variation in copy number and insertion site. The method uses homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells to generate mice having a single copy of a transgene integrated into a chosen location in the genome. To test the method, a single copy murine bcl-2 cDNA driven by either a chicken beta-actin promoter or a human beta-actin promoter has been inserted immediately 5' to the X-linked hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase locus by a directly selectable homologous recombination event. The level of expression of the targeted bcl-2 transgene in ES cells is identical in independently isolated homologous recombinants having the same promoter yet varies between the different promoters. In contrast, the expression of bcl-2 transgenes having the same (chicken beta-actin) promoter varies drastically when they are independently integrated at random insertion sites. Both promoters direct broad expression of the single-copy transgene in mice derived from the respective targeted ES cells. In vitro and in vivo, the human beta-actin promoter consistently directed a higher level of transgene expression than the chicken beta-actin promoter.
Augmentation of cardiac function by elevation of intrathoracic pressure (1983)

We studied the cardiovascular effects of increasing intrathoracic pressure in an acute pentobarbital-anesthetized canine model of acute ventricular failure induced by large doses of propranolol. Left ventricular (LV) function curves were generated by volume loading from LV filling pressures of 5-20 Torr. The animals were ventilated by using intermittent positive-pressure ventilation with large tidal volumes (30 ml/kg). Chest and abdominal pneumatic binders were used to increase intrathoracic pressure. When compared with the control state, acute ventricular failure was associated with a decrease in the slope of the LV function curves (P less than 0.01). After binding the increase in intrathoracic pressure (1.1 +/- 1.6 to 12.1 +/- 2.4 Torr, P less than 0.01) was associated with an improvement in both right ventricular and LV function. Our study demonstrates that in this model of acute ventricular failure, increasing intrathoracic pressure improves cardiac function. We postulate that this observed improvement with increased intrathoracic pressure is due to reduced LV wall stress in a manner analogous to that seen with arterial vasodilator therapy in congestive heart failure.
Regulation of p53 Target Gene Expression by Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 (2008)

Histone Arg methylation has been correlated with transcriptional activation of p53 target genes. However, whether this modification is reversed to repress the expression of p53 target genes is unclear. Here, we report that peptidylarginine deiminase 4, a histone citrullination enzyme, is involved in the repression of p53 target genes. Inhibition or depletion of PAD4 elevated the expression of a subset of p53 target genes, including p21/CIP1/WAF1, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, the induction of p21, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis by PAD4 depletion is p53 dependent. Protein-protein interaction studies showed an interaction between p53 and PAD4. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that PAD4 is recruited to the p21 promoter in a p53-dependent manner. RNA polymerase II (Pol II) activities and the association of PAD4 are dynamically regulated at the p21 promoter during UV irradiation. Paused RNA Pol II and high levels of PAD4 were detected before UV treatment. At early time points after UV treatment, an increase of histone Arg methylation and a decrease of citrullination were correlated with a transient activation of p21. At later times after UV irradiation, a loss of RNA Pol II and an increase of PAD4 were detected at the p21 promoter. The dynamics of RNA Pol II activities after UV treatment were further corroborated by permanganate footprinting. Together, these results suggest a role of PAD4 in the regulation of p53 target gene expression.
Internet holes — Part 5b: 50 ways to attack your Web systems (1996)

The Internet is now the world's most popular network and it is full of potential vulnerabilities. In this series of articles, we explore the vulnerabilities of the Internet and what you can do to mitigate them. This is the concluding part of a two-part subsection which considers a large number of ways to attack a system connected to the World Wide Web.
Optical Recording Properties of a Novel Subphthalocyanine Thin Film (2001)

A novel bromoboron trinitro-subphthalocyanine (BTN-SubPc) thin film has been developed for write-once optical recording by vacuum evaporation. The spectral and optical properties of the film are studied. Some information may be useful when dealing with recording applications, such as uniformity and anisotropy of this film are given. The optical recording performance of the BTN-SubPc thin film shows that high reflectivity contrast (>30%) can be obtained at low writing power (10 mW) and short writing pulse width (300 ns) using He–Ne laser (632.8 nm) irradiation. For this kind of thin film, lower recording energy is needed to get higher or equivalent reflectivity contrast when compared with some MPc and cyanine (for commercial use) films studied previously. These results indicate the great potential of SubPc in short-wavelength optical recording applications, especially as recording medium of DVD-R.
Transient attributes for high-level understanding and editing of outdoor scenes (2014)

We live in a dynamic visual world where the appearance of scenes changes dramatically from hour to hour or season to season. In this work we study "transient scene attributes" -- high level properties which affect scene appearance, such as "snow", "autumn", "dusk", "fog". We define 40 transient attributes and use crowdsourcing to annotate thousands of images from 101 webcams. We use this "transient attribute database" to train regressors that can predict the presence of attributes in novel images. We demonstrate a photo organization method based on predicted attributes. Finally we propose a high-level image editing method which allows a user to adjust the attributes of a scene, e.g. change a scene to be "snowy" or "sunset". To support attribute manipulation we introduce a novel appearance transfer technique which is simple and fast yet competitive with the state-of-the-art. We show that we can convincingly modify many transient attributes in outdoor scenes.