gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Replication error phenotype and p53 gene mutation in lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. (1996)

Low grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas commonly arise from a background of chronic inflammatory lesions and can transform into high grade tumors at a late stage. Because chronic inflammation is closely associated with genetic instability, which is one of the mechanisms leading to activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, it is possible that genetic instability plays an important role in MALT lymphomagenesis. In this study, we have examined the frequency of replication error (RER+) phenotype, a newly defined manifestation of genetic instability, and its relationship to p53 mutations in 40 MALT lymphomas (16 high grade and 24 low grade). RER+ phenotype was detected in 21/40 (52.5%) MALT lymphomas (12/24, 50% in low grade; 9/16, 56.2% in high grade). Five of seven reactive lymphoid infiltrates adjacent to tumors also showed one microsatellite alteration, four of which were identified in the corresponding lymphoma lesions in the same patient. In five RER+ high grade lymphomas with low grade lesions, homogeneous and heterogeneous microsatellite alterations were observed between the two components. The same 40 cases were investigated for p53 gene mutations at exons 5 to 8 by PCR-SSCP and direct sequencing. p53 point mutations were found in 11 (27.5%) of the 40 cases. These mutations were statistically related to RER+ phenotype (P < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that the RER+ phenotype is a common genetic feature of MALT lymphomas. Genetic instability occurs throughout the spectrum of the lymphoma development and may be related to the accumulation of genetic aberrations such as p53 mutations. The observation of identical microsatellite alterations between the adjacent lymphoid infiltrates and their corresponding lymphomas provides genetic evidence for evolutionary link of the two lesions. The homogeneous and heterogeneous microsatellite alterations observed between low and high grade components indicate their clonal lineage and genetic diversity.
Studies on the syntheses of N-heterocyclic compounds. XXV. Syntheses of pyrido(3,4-d)pyridazine derivatives. II. (1975)

Investigations on the preparative methods and some chemical modifications of the previously reported potent diuretic, 1, 4-dimorpholino-7-phenylpyrido [3, 4-d] pyridazine (1 : DS-511) were undertaken, producing a variety of derivatives shown in Table I. Comparison of the reactivity between the two chloro groups in 1, 4-dichloropyrido [3, 4-d] pyridazine showed that the 4-chloro group is more reactive toward nucleophilic substitution than the 1-chloro group. Some reaction of 1, e. g. acid hydrolysis, reduction and Grignard addition reaction were also carried out. Significance of the ring nitrogen at the 6-position in 1 for diuretic activity is discussed.
Live probioticBifidobacterium lactisbacteria inhibit the toxic effects induced by wheat gliadin in epithelial cell culture (2008)

Wheat gliadin induces severe intestinal symptoms and small-bowel mucosal damage in coeliac disease patients. At present, the only effective treatment for the disease is a strict life-long gluten-free diet. In this study we investigated whether probiotics Lactobacillus fermentum or Bifidobacterium lactis can inhibit the toxic effects of gliadin in intestinal cell culture conditions. The ability of live probiotics to inhibit peptic-tryptic digested gliadin-induced damage to human colon cells Caco-2 was evaluated by measuring epithelial permeability by transepithelial resistance, actin cytoskeleton arrangements by the extent of membrane ruffling and expression of tight junctional protein ZO-1. B. lactis inhibited the gliadin-induced increase dose-dependently in epithelial permeability, higher concentrations completely abolishing the gliadin-induced decrease in transepithelial resistance. The same bacterial strain also inhibited the formation of membrane ruffles in Caco-2 cells induced by gliadin administration. Furthermore, it also protected the tight junctions of Caco-2 cells against the effects of gliadin, as evinced by the pattern of ZO-1 expression. We conclude thus that live B. lactis bacteria can counteract directly the harmful effects exerted by coeliac-toxic gliadin and would clearly warrant further studies of its potential as a novel dietary supplement in the treatment of coeliac disease.
Cloning pigs: advances and applications. (2001)

Although mouse embryonic stem cells have been used widely for over a decade as an important tool for introducing precise genetic modification into the genome, demonstrating the great value of this technology in a range of biomedical applications, similar technology does not exist for domestic animals. However, the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer has bypassed the need for embryonic stem cells from livestock. The production of offspring from differentiated cell nuclei provides information and opportunities in a number of areas including cellular differentiation, early development and ageing. However, the primary significance of cloning is probably in the opportunities that this technology brings to genetic manipulation. Potential applications of gene targeting in livestock species are described with particular emphasis on the generation of pigs that can be used for xenotransplantation, and the production of improved models for human physiology and disease. The development of techniques for somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs and the challenges associated with this technology are also reviewed.
Structure−Activity Relationships of Novel Hematoregulatory Peptides (1996)

Hematopoiesis is a lifelong cell renewal process regulated by a family of lineage specific hematopoietic growth factors. Several hematopoietic growth factors such as G-CSF, GM-CSF, and M-CSF have been clinically evaluated for enhancement of host defense in normal and immunocompromised patients and for the treatment of infectious diseases. This paper reports the structure-activity relationships of low molecular weight hematoregulatory peptides based on a nonapeptide (1, SK&F 107647). Like the macromolecular growth factors, these peptides modulate host defense. A molecular target for this class of compounds has not yet been identified. However, the structure-activity relationships established by this study implicate a very specific molecular recognition event that is pivotal for the biological activities of 1 and its analogues.
"Kilauea": parallel global illumination renderer (2002)

'Kilauea' is a revolutionary parallel renderer developed at Square USA. The goal of the R&D effort was to create a renderer which can compute global illumination on extremely complex scenes by using affordable PC cluster. This paper reports Kilauea's parallel processing methodology, implementation issues, and parallel performance.
Thrombotic Complications of Heparin Therapy Including Six Cases of Heparin-Induced Skin Necrosis (1979)

Thrombotic complications of heparin administration were observed in eight patients during a two year period. At sites of subcutaneous heparin injection, six patients developed areas of the skin and subcutaneous necrosis. Systemic thrombotic events and thrombocytopenia were observed in two of these patients when they received intravenous heparin and in two other patients who did not have primary skin necrosis. The complications included peripheral ischemia in three patients (two requiring amputation), myocardial infarction in two, and a cerebral infarction in one. All patients were receiving heparin for at least six days before complications occurred. Seven patients received heparin of bovine origin. Heparin-induced in vitro platelet aggregation was present in all six of the eight patients tested. (It was marked in four of these patients). It is theorized that skin necrosis and the other thrombotic complications observed are the result of heparin-induced in vivo platelet aggregation followed by intravascular thrombosis. Heparin-induced skin necrosis is a rare but serious hazard encountered with prophylactic heparin regimens. If heparin-induced thrombosis is present, the further use of heparin is contraindicated in most instances.
Fluid Flow through Randomly Packed Columns and Fluidized Beds (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluid Flow through Randomly Packed Columns and Fluidized BedsSabri Ergun and A. A. OrningCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 6, 1179–1184Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50474a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50474a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10754Altmetric-Citations678LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The nature and importance of the inter‐ε chain disulfide bonds in human IgE (1991)

IgE antibodies are best known for their pathological role in allergy. The class-specific effector sites are located in the epsilon chains; these form covalent dimers via two cystine residues (Cys241 and Cys328) linking opposite C epsilon 2 domains. The nature and biological significance of the inter-epsilon chain disulfide-bond arrangement is unresolved. For structural and functional analysis site-specific mutations were introduced into the C epsilon 2 domain of recombinant human IgE. The introduction of an additional cyanogen bromide cleavage site (His246----Met) facilitated the identification of parallel disulfide bond pairing. This linkage was also confirmed for myeloma IgE PS by sequence determination of disulfide-linked C epsilon 2 dimers. Substitution of Cys241 and Cys328 by Ser does not destroy receptor binding, but reductive alkylation, or the replacement of Cys328 by Met, leads to loss of activity. This shows that covalent dimerization is not essential for IgE/receptor interaction and points to the importance of the structural integrity of the site surrounding Cys328, visualized in a new model of human Fc epsilon.
The influence of sequential ligand exchange and elimination on the performance of P3HT:CdSe quantum dot hybrid solar cells (2015)

We report on a sequential ligand exchange and elimination process for the fast and easy surface modification of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) in order to improve the electronic interaction between poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and CdSe QDs in P3HT:CdSe hybrid solar cells. We systematically investigated the influence of surface treatment on the insulating ligand shell of CdSe QDs using (1)H-NMR analysis, and correlated their influence on the photovoltaic properties of P3HT:CdSe hybrid solar cells. A decrease in the average thickness of the ligand shells directly improved carrier transport properties. Moreover, the presence of remnant 1-hexylamine ligands provided efficient surface trap passivation. As a result, overall solar cell performance (especially fill factor and power conversion efficiency) was enhanced and the recombination mechanism was dominated by monomolecular recombination due to enhanced carrier collection length (l(C0)).
Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy in Women with aBRCA1orBRCA2Mutation (2002)

Salpingo-oophorectomy in carriers of BRCA mutations can decrease the risk of breast cancer and BRCA-related gynecologic cancer.
ERC: A Theory of Equity, Reciprocity, and Competition (2000)

We demonstrate that a simple model, constructed on the premise that people are motivated by both their pecuniary payoff and their relative payoff standing, organizes a large and seemingly disparate set of laboratory observations as one consistent pattern. The model is incomplete information but nevertheless posed entirely in terms of directly observable variables. The model explains observations from games where equity is thought to be a factor, such as ultimatum and dictator, games where reciprocity is thought to play a role, such as the prisoner's dilemma and gift exchange, and games where competitive behavior is observed, such as Bertrand markets. (JEL C78, C90, D63, D64, H41)
The Utilization of a Holographic Bragg Diffraction Filter for Rayleigh Line Rejection in Raman Spectroscopy (1990)

Raman spectra have been observed to within less than 200 cm −1 of the Rayleigh line through the use of a holographic Bragg diffraction (HBD) filter. The HBD filter has a very high optical density (5.8 OD) while maintaining a relatively high and flat transmission in the region &gt;200 cm −1 . Utilization of an HBD filter allowed the observation of Raman spectra with a compact 0.125-mm spectrograph. Spectra of solid, liquid, and surface-enhanced Raman (SER) samples have been demonstrated with the HBD Raman system.
Receptors for Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin in human intestine and in a human intestinal cell line (Caco‐2) (1993)

Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin (STa) and the newly identified endogenous ligand guanylin bind to an intestinal receptor and activate membrane bound guanylate cyclase. We compared STa binding and affinity crosslinking of STa receptors in human small intestine to those in the Caco-2 human colon carcinoma cell line. STa had similar kinetics of binding in human intestinal and Caco-2 brush border membranes. In both human intestine and Caco-2 brush border membranes, multiple specifically radiolabeled bands, including a 140-165 kDa band, were identified by affinity crosslinking. However, in human intestine the most prominent autoradiographic species was a 60 kDa band. A 60 kDa protein was also specifically immunoprecipitated from solubilized human brush border membranes using antisera raised against a cloned STa receptor fusion protein. Our observations of multiple crosslinked proteins in human intestine and Caco-2 cells could be explained by the existence of several members of a family of STa receptors and/or the existence of smaller STa binding proteins generated by the protease cleavage of a larger complete STa receptor.
To be or not to be (in the intensive care unit)—Is that a question?* (2007)

Critical Care Medicine: February 2007 - Volume 35 - Issue 2 - p 647-648 doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000254328.96508.2F
A facile approach to a silver conductive ink with high performance for macroelectronics (2013)

An unusual kind of transparent and high-efficiency organic silver conductive ink (OSC ink) was synthesized with silver acetate as silver carrier, ethanolamine as additive, and different kinds of aldehyde-based materials as reduction agents and was characterized by using a thermogravimetric analyzer, X-ray diffraction, a scanning electron microscope, and a four-point probe. The results show that different reduction agents all have an important influence on the conductive properties of the ink through a series of complex chemical reactions, and especially when formic acid or dimethylformamide was used as the reduction agent and sintered at 120°C for 30 s, the resistivity can be lowered to 6 to 9 μΩ·cm. Furthermore, formula mechanism, conductive properties, temperature, and dynamic fatigue properties were investigated systematically, and the feasibility of the OSC ink was also verified through the preparation of an antenna pattern.
Balloon photodynamic therapy of esophageal cancer: Effect of increasing balloon size (1996)

Increasing centering balloon size resulted in reduced tissue damage when mucosal equivalent light dose was administered during photodynamic therapy in the canine esophageal model. Proper sizing of centering balloons will be necessary for balloon PDT of esophageal mucosal dysplasia or cancer in humans.
Mechanisms and management of headache. (1999)

Headache may be considered as primary or secondary in terms of causality The most common severe primary headache is migraine, affecting 12% of the UK population On the basis of current understanding of the pathophysiology, both migraine and cluster headache may be regarded as neurovascular headaches, not simply as vascular headaches Non-pharmacological management of migraine consists mainly of lifestyle advice, so that sufferers can avoid situations in which attacks will be triggered Preventive treatments for migraine should usually be considered on the basis of attack frequency, particularly its trend to change with time, and tractability to acute care Acute care treatments for migraine can be divided into non-specific (general analgesics, eg aspirin, NSAIDs) and treatments specific to migraine (ergotamine, the triptans) The triptans, sumatriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, zolmitriptan and eletriptan, potent 5HT1B/1D receptor agonists, are major advances in the treatment of acute migraine Chronic daily headache in association with analgesic overuse is probably the major avoidable cause of headache in the UK.
Specific antibody response to oligomannosidic epitopes in Crohn's disease (1996)

Elevated antibody levels against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been reported in sera from patients with Crohn's disease and not with ulcerative colitis. The aim of the study was to identify the nature of the epitopes supporting this antibody response. Whole cells from different S. cerevisiae strains were selected in immunofluorescence assay for their ability to differentiate the antibody responses of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Their cell wall phosphopeptidomannans were then tested as antigen in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against sera from 42 patients with Crohn's disease, 20 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 34 healthy controls. Graded chemical degradations were performed on the most reactive strain phosphopeptidomannan. The discriminating epitope was determined through gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The greatest discrimination among patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and controls was obtained with Su1, a S. cerevisiae strain used in brewing of beer. ELISA directed against phosphopeptidomannan of this strain was 64% sensitive and 77% specific for discriminating Crohn's disease versus ulcerative colitis and 71% sensitive and 89% specific for Crohn's disease versus controls. Periodate oxidation and selective degradation demonstrated that the most important polysaccharide epitope was shared by both the acid-stable and the alkali-labile domains of the phosphopeptidomannan. The determination of oligomannose sequences of S. cerevisiae Su1 phosphopeptidomannans suggested that a mannotetraose, Man (1 --> 3)Man(1 --> 2)Man(1 --> 2)Man, supported the serological response seen in Crohn's disease. Further identification of the immunogen eliciting this antibody response as a marker of the disease may help to understand its etiology.
Toll-like receptor3 overexpression alters responses to toll-like receptor7 ligand (111.6) (2011)

Abstract Macrophages are key components of the inflammatory response. PolyIC induces type I IFN and inflammatory responses through TLR3 or MDA5 pathway, depending on the activating conditions and cell types. In our hands, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) in vitro preferentially engage TLR3 in response to stimulation with naked poly IC. In contrast, the same macrophages activate TLR3-independent pathways in response to Fugene-complexed poly IC.These results suggest that lipid-complexed poly IC is more likely to induce inflammatory cytoplasmic pathways. To further investigate the role of TLR3 in macrophage activation, we have generated TLR3-overexpressing transgenic mice (TLR3 Tg). TLR3 Tg mice contain 20-30 copies of a BAC clone which spans the entire mouse tlr3 gene. As a consequence, TLR3 mRNA expression is greatly enhanced in BMM and splenoctes of TLR3 Tg mice. These mice had normal life span and no obvious changes in immunological characteristics or spontaneous pathology. When we stimulated TLR3 Tg BMM with naked poly IC, we detected a small increase in their hyperresponsiveness to poly IC compared to WT cells. Interestingly, TLR3 Tg BMM greatly enhanced the synergistic effect of TLR7 agonist pretreatment with naked poly IC in the inflammatory cytokine secretion, but did not enhance the TLR9 agonist pretreatment. In the future, we will further investigate the mechanisms involved in these effects and explore in vivo consequences of TLR receptor cross-regulation.
Deep Graph Attention Model (2017)

Graph classification is a problem with practical applications in many different domains. Most of the existing methods take the entire graph into account when calculating graph features. In a graphlet-based approach, for instance, the entire graph is processed to get the total count of different graphlets or sub-graphs. In the real-world, however, graphs can be both large and noisy with discriminative patterns confined to certain regions in the graph only. In this work, we study the problem of attentional processing for graph classification. The use of attention allows us to focus on small but informative parts of the graph, avoiding noise in the rest of the graph. We present a novel RNN model, called the Graph Attention Model (GAM), that processes only a portion of the graph by adaptively selecting a sequence of "interesting" nodes. The model is equipped with an external memory component which allows it to integrate information gathered from different parts of the graph. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the model through various experiments.
Cell labeling for magnetic resonance imaging with the T1 agent manganese chloride (2006)

There is growing interest in using MRI to track cellular migration. To date, most work in this area has been performed using ultra-small particles of iron oxide. Immune cells are difficult to label with iron oxide particles. The ability of adoptively infused tumor specific T cells and N cells to traffic to the tumor microenvironment may be a critical determinant of their therapeutic efficacy. We tested the hypothesis that lymphocytes and B cells would label with MnCl2 to a level that would allow their detection by T1-weighted MRI. Significant signal enhancement was observed in human lymphocytes after a 1 h incubation with 0.05-1.0 mM MnCl2. A flow cytometry-based evaluation using propidium iodide and Annexin V staining showed that lymphocytes did not undergo apoptosis or necrosis immediately after and 24 h following a 1 h incubation with up to 1.0 mM MnCl2. Importantly, NK cells and cytotoxic T cells maintained their in vitro killing capacity after being incubated with up to 0.5 mM MnCl2. This is the first report to describe the use of MnCl2 to label lymphocytes. Our data suggests MnCl2 might be an alternative to iron oxide cell labeling for MRI-based cell migration studies.