gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates mesenchymal cell differentiation into the osteoblast lineage and is critically involved in bone repair (2002)

Preclinical and clinical studies suggest a possible role for cyclooxygenases in bone repair and create concerns about the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in patients with skeletal injury. We utilized wild-type, COX-1–/–, and COX-2–/– mice to demonstrate that COX-2 plays an essential role in both endochondral and intramembranous bone formation during skeletal repair. The healing of stabilized tibia fractures was significantly delayed in COX-2–/– mice compared with COX-1–/– and wild-type controls. The histology was characterized by a persistence of undifferentiated mesenchyme and a marked reduction in osteoblastogenesis that resulted in a high incidence of fibrous nonunion in the COX-2–/– mice. Similarly, intramembranous bone formation on the calvaria was reduced 60% in COX-2–/– mice following in vivo injection of FGF-1 compared with either COX-1–/– or wild-type mice. To elucidate the mechanism involved in reduced bone formation, osteoblastogenesis was studied in bone marrow stromal cell cultures obtained from COX-2–/– and wild-type mice. Bone nodule formation was reduced 50% in COX-2–/– mice. The defect in osteogenesis was completely rescued by addition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to the cultures. In the presence of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2), bone nodule formation was enhanced to a similar level above that observed with PGE2 alone in both control and COX-2–/– cultures, indicating that BMPs complement COX-2 deficiency and are downstream of prostaglandins. Furthermore, we found that the defect in COX-2–/– cultures correlated with significantly reduced levels of cbfa1 and osterix, two genes necessary for bone formation. Addition of PGE2 rescued this defect, while BMP-2 enhanced cbfa1 and osterix in both COX-2–/– and wild-type cultures. Finally, the effects of these agents were additive, indicating that COX-2 is involved in maximal induction of osteogenesis. These results provide a model whereby COX-2 regulates the induction of cbfa1 and osterix to mediate normal skeletal repair.
Isolation and Characterization of New Thiamine-Deregulated Mutants of Bacillus subtilis (2005)

In bacteria, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is an essential cofactor that is synthesized de novo. Thiamine, however, is not an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway but is salvaged from the environment and phosphorylated to TPP. We have isolated and characterized new mutants of Bacillus subtilis that deregulate thiamine biosynthesis and affect the export of thiamine products from the cell. Deletion of the ydiA gene, which shows significant similarity to the thiamine monophosphate kinase gene of Escherichia coli (thiL), did not generate the expected thiamine auxotroph but instead generated a thiamine bradytroph that grew to near-wild-type levels on minimal medium. From this DeltathiL deletion mutant, two additional ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutants that derepressed the expression of a thiC-lacZ transcriptional reporter were isolated. One mutant, Tx1, contained a nonsense mutation within the B. subtilis yloS (thiN) gene that encodes a thiamine pyrophosphokinase, a result which confirmed that B. subtilis contains a single-step, yeast-like thiamine-to-TPP pathway in addition to the bacterial TPP de novo pathway. A second mutant, strain Tx26, was shown to contain two lesions. Genetic mapping and DNA sequencing indicated that the first mutation affected yuaJ, which encodes a thiamine permease. The second mutation was located within the ykoD cistron of the ykoFEDC operon, which putatively encodes the ATPase component of a unique thiamine-related ABC transporter. Genetic and microarray studies indicated that both the mutant yuaJ and ykoD genes were required for the derepression of thiamine-regulated genes. Moreover, the combination of the four mutations (the DeltathiL, thiN, yuaJ, and ykoD mutations) into a single strain significantly increased the production and excretion of thiamine products into the culture medium. These results are consistent with the proposed "riboswitch" mechanism of thiamine gene regulation (W. C. Winkler, A. Nahvi, and R. R. Breaker, Nature 419:952-956, 2002).
Complementary video and audio analysis for broadcast news archives (2000)

The Informedia Digital Video Library project [12], initiated in 1994, uniquely utilizes integrated speech and image and natural language understanding to process broadcast video. The project's goal is to allow search and retrieval in the video medium, similar to what is available today for text only. To enable this access to video, fast, high-accuracy automatic transcriptions of broadcast news stories are generated through
NOTCH is a key regulator of human T-cell acute leukemia initiating cell activity (2008)

Understanding the pathways that regulate the human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) initiating cells (T-LiC) activity has been hampered by the lack of biologic assays in which this human disease can be studied. Here we show that coculture of primary human T-ALL with a mouse stromal cell line expressing the NOTCH ligand delta-like-1 (DL1) reproducibly allowed maintenance of T-LiC and long-term growth of blast cells. Human T-ALL mutated or not on the NOTCH receptor required sustained activation of the NOTCH pathway via receptor/ligand interaction for growth and T-LiC activity. On the reverse, inhibition of the NOTCH pathway during primary cultures abolished in vitro cell growth and in vivo T-LiC activity. Altogether, these results demonstrate the major role of the NOTCH pathway activation in human T-ALL development and in the maintenance of leukemia-initiating cells.
Eye-gaze tracking system by haar cascade classifier (2016)

Human can quickly and effortlessly focus on a few most interesting points in an image. Different observers tend to have the same fixations towards the same scene. In order to predict observer's fixations, eye gaze information can be used to reveal human attention and interest. This paper presents a real-time eye gaze tracking system. Haar cascade classifier is used to calculate the position of eye gaze based on the rectangular features of human eye. Then this position is adopted to match the space coordinates of screen representing where an observer is looking. The experimental results from different kinds of scenes validate the effectiveness of our system.
Multiplexed Detection and Label‐Free Quantitation of MicroRNAs Using Arrays of Silicon Photonic Microring Resonators (2010)

Microrings for microRNAs! A label-free method has been developed for the sensitive detection of microRNAs utilizing arrays of silicon photonic microring resonators. This simple and modularly multiplexable method for the direct profiling of microRNA within 10 minutes meets a number of challenges faced by current methodologies in this area. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Surface Modification of Pure Magnesium Mesh for Guided Bone Regeneration: In Vivo Evaluation of Rat Calvarial Defect (2019)

Guided bone regeneration is a therapeutic method that uses a barrier membrane to provide space available for new bone formation at sites with insufficient bone volume. Magnesium with excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties has been considered as a promising biodegradable material for guided bone regeneration; however, the rapid degradation rate in the physiological environment is a problem to be solved. In this study, surface modification of pure magnesium mesh was conducted by plasma electrolytic oxidation and hydrothermal treatment to form a densely protective layer on the Mg substrate. The protective layer mainly consisted of Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> with the amorphous calcium phosphate. Then, weight loss measurement and Micro-CT imaging were performed after an immersion test in a simulated body fluid. The effect of surface modification of the magnesium mesh on the guided bone regeneration was evaluated through an in vivo test using the rat calvarial defect model. The biodegradation of the magnesium mesh was identified to be significantly retarded. Additionally, the surface modification of Mg also can improve the bone volume and bone density of calvarial defect in comparison with that of the pristine Mg mesh.
Increased detection of HPV 16 virus in invasive, but not in early cervical cancers (1992)

Human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV 16) DNA is found in about 50% of cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and this association has raised the possibility of a causal role for HPV 16 in cervical carcinogenesis. We have tested this hypothesis by assaying a series of biopsies (n = 119) ranging from normal mucosa to infiltrating SCC with the PCR-technique for the presence of HPV 16 DNA. While HPV 16 DNA was detected in 50% of our cases with invasive SCC, the incidence of HPV 16-positive samples was about 10% in all other biopsies ranging from normal mucosa to cases of carcinoma in situ. HPV 16 therefore appears to be involved in late tumor promotion but not in early tumor development.
Diagnosis of Fibrosis and Cirrhosis Using Liver Stiffness Measurement in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2009)

Transient elastography is accurate in most NAFLD patients. Unsatisfactory liver biopsy specimens rather than transient elastography technique account for most cases of discordance. With high negative predictive value and modest positive predictive value, transient elastography is useful as a screening test to exclude advanced fibrosis. Liver biopsy may be considered in NAFLD patients with liver stiffness of at least 7.9 kPa.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Structure‐Activity Relationship Studies of Novel 1‐((1‐Acyl‐4‐piperidyl)methyl)‐1H‐2‐methylimidazo(4,5‐c)pyridine Derivatives as Potent, Orally Active Platelet‐Activating Factor (PAF) Antagonists. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
BRAF V600E Mutations Are Common in Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications (2011)

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is low-grade glial neoplasm principally affecting children and young adults. Approximately 40% of PXA are reported to recur within 10 years of primary resection. Upon recurrence, patients receive radiation therapy and conventional chemotherapeutics designed for high-grade gliomas. Genetic changes that can be targeted by selective therapeutics have not been extensively evaluated in PXA and ancillary diagnostic tests to help discriminate PXA from other pleomorphic and often more aggressive astrocytic malignancies are limited. In this study, we apply the SNaPshot multiplexed targeted sequencing platform in the analysis of brain tumors to interrogate 60 genetic loci that are frequently mutated in 15 cancer genes. In our analysis we detect BRAF V600E mutations in 12 of 20 (60%) WHO grade II PXA, in 1 of 6 (17%) PXA with anaplasia and in 1 glioblastoma arising in a PXA. Phospho-ERK was detected in all tumors independent of the BRAF mutation status. BRAF duplication was not detected in any of the PXA cases. BRAF V600E mutations were identified in only 2 of 71 (2.8%) glioblastoma (GBM) analyzed, including 1 of 9 (11.1%) giant cell GBM (gcGBM). The finding that BRAF V600E mutations are common in the majority of PXA has important therapeutic implications and may help in differentiating less aggressive PXAs from lethal gcGBMs and GBMs.
Cellular Adhesion Pathways and Metastatic Potential of Human Melanoma (2002)

Cellular adhesion molecules of the cadherin, integrin, and immunoglobulin superfamilies are important to both growth and metastasis of many cancers, including malignant melanoma. Malignant melanoma is an excellent model for studying these molecules, due in part to a sequential series of five defineable stages. As the malignant phenotype of melanoma cells changes from the noninvasive radial growth phase to the vertical growth phase, which has high metastatic potential, so does the repertoire of the cellular adhesion molecules expressed on the cells surface. The cellular adhesion molecule MCAM/ MUC18 confers metastatic potential and increased tumorgenicity to melanoma cells. MCAM/MUC18 mediates homotypic and heterotypic adhesion between melanoma cells and endothelial cells, respectively. Both types of interaction may promote metastasis at different stages in the metastasis cascade. We developed a fully humanized antibody to MCAM/MUC18 (ABX-MA1) that blocked melanoma metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, ABX-MA1 blocked the homotypic interaction between melanoma cells and endothelial cells as well as the promoter and collagenase activity of MMP-2. During melanoma progression the loss of E-cadherin expression disrupts normal homeostasis in the skin by freeing melanoma cells from structural and functional regulation by keratinocytes. The loss of functional E-cadherin is paralled by a gain in N-cadherin function that mediates homotypic interaction between melanoma cells, facilitates gap-junctional formation with fibroblasts and endothelial cells and promotes melanoma cell migration and survival. In addition, loss of E-cadherin may affect the β-catenin/wnt signaling pathways, resulting in deregulation of genes involved in growth and metastasis. The integrin family member avb3 is widely expressed on melanoma cells in the vertical growth phase. When avb3 is expressed in melanoma cells in the radial growth phase, this integrin is associated with increased tumor growth in vivo. avb3 may also promote melanoma invasion, through an interaction with MMP-2, and transendothelial migration, via a heterotypic melanoma-endothelial cell interaction. This review summarizes recent knowledge on how changes in these adhesion molecules contribute to the acquisition of the metastatic phenotype in human melanoma. Key Words: Melanoma, Neoplasm metastasis, Cell adhesion molecules, Extracellular matrix
Independent tuning of size and coverage of supported Pt nanoparticles using atomic layer deposition (2017)

Synthetic methods that allow for the controlled design of well-defined Pt nanoparticles are highly desirable for fundamental catalysis research. In this work, we propose a strategy that allows precise and independent control of the Pt particle size and coverage. Our approach exploits the versatility of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique by combining two ALD processes for Pt using different reactants. The particle areal density is controlled by tailoring the number of ALD cycles using trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum and oxygen, while subsequent growth using the same Pt precursor in combination with nitrogen plasma allows for tuning of the particle size at the atomic level. The excellent control over the particle morphology is clearly demonstrated by means of in situ and ex situ X-ray fluorescence and grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering experiments, providing information about the Pt loading, average particle dimensions, and mean center-to-center particle distance.
Linearization of baculovirus DNA enhances the recovery of recombinant virus expression vectors (1990)

Engineered derivatives of Autographa californica multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) possessing a unique restriction site provide a source of viral DNA that can be linearized by digestion with a specific endonuclease. Circular or linearized DNA from two such viruses were compared in terms of their infectivity and recombinogenic activities. The linear forms were 15- to 150-fold less infectious than the corresponding circular forms, when transfected into Spodoptera frugiperda cells using the calcium phosphate method. Linear viral DNA was, however, proficient at recombination on co-transfection with an appropriate transfer vector. Up to 30% of the progeny viruses were recombinant, a 10-fold higher fraction of recombinants than was obtained from co-transfections with circular AcMNPV DNA. The isolation of a recombinant baculovirus expression vector from any of the AcMNPV transfer vectors currently in use can thus be facilitated by linearization of the viral DNA at the appropriate location.
PNPLA3 Expression Is Related to Liver Steatosis in Morbidly Obese Women with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2016)

Recent reports suggest a role for the Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) in the pathology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Lipid deposition in the liver seems to be a critical process in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the association between the liver PNPLA3 expression, key genes of lipid metabolism, and the presence of NAFLD in morbidly obese women. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to analyze the hepatic expression of PNPLA3 and lipid metabolism-related genes in 55 morbidly obese subjects with normal liver histology (NL, n = 18), simple steatosis (SS, n = 20), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, n = 17). Liver biopsies were collected during bariatric surgery. We observed that liver PNPLA3 expression was increased in NAFLD than in NL. It was also upregulated in SS than in NL. Interestingly, we found that the expression of PNPLA3 was significantly higher in severe than mild SS group. In addition, the expression of the transcription factors LXRα, PPARα, and SREBP2 was positively correlated with PNPLA3 liver expression. Regarding rs738409 polymorphism, GG genotype was positive correlated with the presence of NASH. In conclusion, our results show that PNPLA3 could be related to lipid accumulation in liver, mainly in the development and progression of simple steatosis.
Alzheimer's disease: A study of epidemiological aspects (1984)

A case-control study was performed to determine the possible roles of various environmental factors, prior illnesses, drug use, and personal habits in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Such information was collected from 40 patients with onset of dementia prior to age 70 and from 80 community control subjects matched for age, sex, and race. No significant differences were found between patients and control subjects in toxic environmental exposures, animal contacts, smoking, drinking, or unusual dietary habits. A significantly higher frequency of prior thyroid disease was found in women patients than in women control subjects (25.0% and 7.1%, respectively). A history of severe head injury was also obtained significantly more often among the patients than among the controls (15.0% and 3.8%, respectively). Aside from these differences, which may prove to be important associative factors in this illness, there appeared to be no major premorbid demographic or clinical factors associated with this form of dementia. There was evidence, however, of a genetic factor that was manifested in an excess of dementia and mental retardation (including Down's syndrome) in families of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Mercaptoethanol, N‐Ethylmaleimide, Propylene Glycol and Urea Effects on Rheological Properties of Thermally Induced β‐Lactoglobulin Gels at Alkaline pH (1991)

ABSTRACT In the absence of added NaCl, electrostatic repulsion prevented thermal gelation of β‐lactoglobulin, pH 8.0, but added propylene glycol or urea supported weak gel structure formation. When the electrostatic barrier was reduced by added NaCl, gelation occurred and gel strength was enhanced by propylene glycol addition and reduced by added urea, N‐ethylmaleimide or merceptoethanol. Cohesiveness of β‐lac‐toglobulin gels containing NaCl decreased on adding propylene glycol, mercaptoethanol or N‐ethylmaleimide but increased on adding urea. Relative to cohesiveness, elasticity/springiness was higher following N‐ethylamleimide or mercaptoethanol addition but lower following urea addition. Molecular forces involved in gel structure formation and maintenance were proposed based on observed effects.
TREM-2 Promotes Host Resistance AgainstPseudomonas aeruginosaInfection by Suppressing Corneal Inflammation via a PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway (2013)

TREM-2 promoted host resistance to PA infection by suppressing corneal inflammation via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Continuous Speech Recognition Using Large Vocabulary Word Spotting and CV Syllable Spotting (1990)

This papaer describes a continuous speech recognition system for Japanese text input. The system is speaker-dependent and recognizes continuous phrasal speech. A CV(Consonant-Vowel concatenation) syllable lattice and a word lattice are generated from input speech using a vector-quantization-based continuous DP matching technique. These lattices are converted into Japanese written form using a word dictionary and grammatical information. In this paper, two new methods for acoustic processing are proposed: a large vocabulary word spotting technique using high frequency words and an optimization method for adjusting CV templates to a speaker by maximizing recognition accuracy . In recognition experiments, 500 words were selected as word templates, covering more than 90% of the technical words in reports written about X-ray CT scanning. 1,000 CV syllables were generated using these words. A word spotting accuracy of more than 70% and a CV spotting accuracy of 72% were obtained after iterative training. The CV spotting accuracy is improved by about 10% through the iterative training.
Liposome-Mediated High-Efficiency Transfection of Human Endothelial Cells (2001)

Liposome-mediated transfection of endothelial cells provides a valuable experimental technique to study cellular gene expression and may also be adapted for gene therapy studies. However, the widely recognized disadvantage of liposome-mediated transfection is low efficiency. Therefore, studies were performed to optimize transfection techniques in human endothelial cells. The majority of the experiments were performed with primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In addition, selected experiments were performed using human brain microvascular endothelial cells and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. To study transfection rates, HUVEC were transfected with the pGL3 vector, containing the luciferase reporter gene, complexed with several currently available liposomes, such as different Perfect Lipid (pFx) mixtures, DMRIE-C, or lipofectin. The optimal transfection rate was achieved in HUVEC transfected for 1.5 h with 5 microg/ml of DNA plasmid in the presence of 36 microg/ml of pFx-7. In addition, transfection with the VR-3301 vector encoding for human placental alkaline phosphatase revealed that, under the described conditions, transfection efficiency in HUVEC was approximately 32%. Transfections mediated by other liposomes were less efficient. The usefulness of the optimized transfection technique was confirmed in HUVEC transfected with NF-kappaB or AP-1-responsive constructs and stimulated with TNF or LPS. We conclude that among several currently available liposomes, pFx-7 appears to be the most suitable for transfections of cultured human endothelial cells.