gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclophosphamide combined with antithymocyte globulin in preparation for allogeneic marrow transplants in patients with aplastic anemia (1994)

Abstract Graft rejection has been a problem after marrow grafts for patients with aplastic anemia who were conditioned with cyclophosphamide (CY). Rejection lessened when patients were given the marrow donor“s peripheral blood buffy-coat cells in addition to the marrow, but this result was achieved at the price of more chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Results with second transplants suggested that CY alternating with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) was more immunosuppressive than CY alone. Therefore, the current study explored CY and ATG without buffy-coat cell transfusions in 39 patients with aplastic anemia given marrow transplants from HLA-identical family members (siblings in 38 cases, father in 1 case). We hoped both to minimize the risks of graft rejection and of chronic GVHD and to improve survival. Patients were 2 to 52 years of age (median, 24.5); 87% had received previous transfusions, and 41% had therapy with immunosuppressive agents before transplant. They were administered four daily doses of CY (total, 200 mg/kg) alternating with three doses of ATG (total, 90 mg/kg) followed by an HLA-identical marrow graft. Methotrexate and cyclosporine were administered to prevent GVHD. Two patients rejected their grafts (5%), and both were successfully retransplanted. Acute (grade 2 or 3) GVHD occurred in 15% and chronic GVHD in 34% of patients. The actuarial survival rate at 3 years was 92%, which compares favorably to the 72% survival rate in 39 historical patients who were matched with current patients for age and risk factors for rejection and GVHD. CY/ATG is a well-tolerated and effective conditioning program for marrow grafting in aplastic anemia that, when combined with GVHD prevention by methotrexate/cyclosporine, results in excellent survival.
31.3: A System LCD with Integrated 3‐Dimensional Input Device (2010)

Abstract We present a System LCD with novel 3‐dimensional input device for use in next generation mobile products. The 3D input function is formed by a directional image sensor integrated onto the display TFT substrate and is used to detect the location of multiple objects above or on the display surface. In order to prove the concept of this novel technology, a 2.6“VGA System LCD incorporating the 3D input function was fabricated and tested. Measurement results confirm operation of the system and accurate detection of objects up to 20mm from the display surface.
Preclinical research in Rett syndrome: setting the foundation for translational success (2012)

In September of 2011, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the International Rett Syndrome Foundation (IRSF) and the Rett Syndrome Research Trust (RSRT) convened a workshop involving a broad cross-section of basic scientists, clinicians and representatives from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the pharmaceutical industry and private foundations to assess the state of the art in animal studies of Rett syndrome (RTT). The aim of the workshop was to identify crucial knowledge gaps and to suggest scientific priorities and best practices for the use of animal models in preclinical evaluation of potential new RTT therapeutics. This review summarizes outcomes from the workshop and extensive follow-up discussions among participants, and includes: (1) a comprehensive summary of the physiological and behavioral phenotypes of RTT mouse models to date, and areas in which further phenotypic analyses are required to enhance the utility of these models for translational studies; (2) discussion of the impact of genetic differences among mouse models, and methodological differences among laboratories, on the expression and analysis, respectively, of phenotypic traits; and (3) definitions of the standards that the community of RTT researchers can implement for rigorous preclinical study design and transparent reporting to ensure that decisions to initiate costly clinical trials are grounded in reliable preclinical data.
A comparison of the sensitivity, specificity, and molecular weight accuracy of three different commercially available Hyaluronan ELISA-like assays (2010)

Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan found in the extracellular matrix and ranges from several thousand to millions of daltons in size. HA has importance in various pathological conditions and is known to be elevated in several diseases. Three commonly used, commercially available HA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-like assays (from Corgenix, Echelon and R&D) were compared on the basis of accuracy, sample variability and ability to measure a range of HA sizes. The Corgenix HA ELISA-like assay displayed the lowest intra-assay variability [coefficient of variation (CV) = 11.7 ± 3.6%], followed by R&D (CV = 12.3 ± 4.6%) and Echelon (CV = 18.9 ± 9.2%). Interassay variability was also lowest for the Corgenix assay (CV = 6.0%), intermediate for the Echelon assay (9.5%) and highest for the R&D assay (CV = 34.1%). The high interassay variability seen for the R&D assay may have been due to the effect of dilution, since the dilution-independent interassay variability was 15.5%. The concentration of the standard HA was overestimated by the Echelon assay by 85% and underestimated by the R&D and Corgenix assays by 34 and 32%, respectively. The Echelon HA ELISA-like assay was the most effective at measuring all sizes of HA tested (2 MDa and 132, 66 and 6.4 kDa), whereas the Corgenix and R&D assays were unable to detect 6.4 kDa HA. These findings suggest that the Echelon HA ELISA-like assay is better suited for size-sensitive HA measurements but has a relatively high variability. The Corgenix and R&D HA ELISA-like assays have low variability and high accuracy but are not suitable for detecting low-molecular-weight HA.
The Use of Aripiprazole in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2005)

Although from a small, open-label study, these results suggest that aripiprazole holds promise for treating OCD. Larger, controlled studies of aripiprazole as monotherapy and as augmentation in partial responders to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are needed.
Aggregation of Copper–Zinc Superoxide Dismutase in Familial and Sporadic ALS (2009)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective death of motor neurons. While the most common form of ALS is sporadic and has no known cause, a small subset of cases is familial because of underlying genetic mutations. The best-studies example of familial ALS is that caused by mutations in the protein copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. The formation of SOD1-rich inclusions in the spinal cord is an early and prominent feature of SOD1-linked familial ALS in human patients and animal models of this disease. These inclusions have been shown to consist of SOD1-rich fibrils, suggesting that the conversion of soluble SOD1 into amyloid fibrils may play an important role in the etiology of familial ALS. SOD1 is also present in inclusions found in spinal cords of sporadic ALS patients, allowing speculations to arise regarding a possible involvement of SOD1 in the sporadic form of this disease. We here review the recent research on the significance, causes, and mechanisms of SOD1 fibril formation from a biophysical perspective.
Antigen presenting cell/ tumor cell fusion vaccines for cancer immunotherapy (2013)

Fusions of antigen presenting cells and tumor cells have been investigated in animal models and phase I/II clinical trials as candidate cancer vaccines. In animal studies there have been numerous reports of induction of protective immunity against a wide range of tumor types. Results of clinical trials have been less dramatic, but tumor-specific immune responses have been reported in many patients, with clinical responses to the vaccination in a subset. In this commentary article, I review the current status of antigen presenting cell/tumor cell fusion vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.
Heterogeneity of mucin gene expression in normal and neoplastic tissues. (1993)

To determine the relative expression of distinct mucin genes in normal and neoplastic tissue, antibodies and cDNA probes that recognize the core tandem repeat sequences of membrane-bound (MUC1) and secreted (MUC2 and MUC3) mucins were used for immunohistochemical and RNA Northern and slot-blot analysis. MUC1 mRNA was detected in all epithelial tissues tested. MUC1 core peptide, recognized by monoclonal antibodies 139H2 and DF3, was highly expressed on apical membranes of bronchus, breast, salivary gland, pancreas, prostate, and uterus, and was sparsely expressed in gastric surface cells, gallbladder, small intestine, and colonic epithelium. In contrast, MUC2 and MUC3 gene expression was primarily restricted to the intestinal tract. MUC2 mRNA was highly expressed in normal jejunum, ileum, and colon, compared with very low levels in normal bronchus and gallbladder. MUC3 mRNA was highly expressed in normal jejunum, ileum, colon, and gallbladder. Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies against synthetic MUC2 (anti-MRP) and MUC3 (anti-M3P) peptides indicate that MUC2- and MUC3-producing cells in the gastrointestinal tract are distinct. Goblet cells of the small intestine and colon reacted strongly with anti-MRP, whereas M3P reactivity was restricted to columnar cells of small intestinal villi, surface colonic epithelium, and gallbladder. Mucin protein epitopes and mRNA levels were frequently altered in adenocarcinomas compared to corresponding normal tissues. Alterations included increased expression, aberrant expression, and, less frequently, loss of expression. Increased MUC1 immunoreactivity was observed in most adenocarcinomas of the breast, lung, stomach, pancreas, prostate, and ovary. In addition, with the exception of prostate cancer, focal aberrant expression of MUC2 and MUC3 epitopes was frequently observed. Increased MUC1, MUC2, and MUC3 epitopes were present in colon adenocarcinomas of all histological subtypes, with the greatest increase of MUC2 epitopes observed in colloid (mucinous) colon cancers. MUC2 or MUC3 mRNA levels were increased in colloid colon cancer compared with normal colon, however in well- and moderately well-differentiated colon cancers MUC1, 2 and 3 mRNA levels were decreased. Compared with corresponding normal tissue, MUC1 mRNA levels were increased in breast cancer and well-differentiated lung cancers, and MUC3 mRNA was increased in gastric adenocarcinomas. Normal stomach lacked both MUC2 and MUC3 immunoreactivity and mRNA, however, MUC2 and MUC3 proteins and mRNA were highly expressed in gastric intestinal metaplasia. In conclusion, mucin genes are independently regulated and their expression is organ- and cell type-specific. Furthermore, neoplastic transformation is associated with dys-regulated expression of both membrane-bound and secreted mucin core protein epitopes and may be due to altered mucin mRNA levels and/or altered mucin glycosylation.
An 8-Element, 1-3GHz Direct Space-to-Information Converter for Rapid, Compressive-Sampling Direction-of-Arrival Finding Utilizing Pseudo-Random Antenna-Weight Modulation (2018)

The Direct Space-to-Information Converter (DSIC) unifies conventional delay-and-sum analog beamforming (CBF) with compressed-sampling (CS) rapid DoA finding into a single reconfigurable phased-array architecture. The DSIC chip includes 8 direct-conversion paths each delivering 32dB conversion gain, 3.3dBm in-band IIP3 and 6.4dB NF while consuming 19.8mW from 1.2V. The DSIC is able to switch between CBF-reception mode and CS-DoA mode in less than 1us. In CS-DoA mode, the DSIC finds the DoA of a single emitter in 1us consuming 158nJ which is 4x faster and 1.5x less energy than a comparable CBF scanner. For applications where many antennas are used, the DSIC uses an order of magnitude less energy than similar architectures.
Cannabinoids and Cancer (2005)

Marijuana has been used in medicine for millennia, but it was not until 1964 that Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), its major psychoactive component, was isolated in pure form and its structure was elucidated. Shortly thereafter it was synthesized and became readily available. However, it took another decade until the first report on its antineoplastic activity appeared. In 1975, Munson discovered that cannabinoids suppress Lewis lung carcinoma cell growth. The mechanism of this action was shown to be inhibition of DNA synthesis. Antiproliferative action on some other cancer cells was also found. In spite of the promising results from these early studies, further investigations in this area were not reported until a few years ago, when almost simultaneously two groups initiated research on the antiproliferative effects of cannabinoids on cancer cells: Di Marzos group found that cannabinoids inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation, and Guzmans group found that cannabinoids inhibit the growth of C6 glioma cell. Other groups also started work in this field, and today, a wide array of cancer cell lines that are affected is known, and some mechanisms involved have been elucidated. Keywords: cannabinoid, endocannabinoid, mechanisms, cancer, angiogenesis
In situ labeling of immune cells with iron oxide particles: An approach to detect organ rejection by cellular MRI (2006)

In vivo cell tracking by MRI can provide means to observe biological processes and monitor cell therapy directly. Immune cells, e.g., macrophages, play crucial roles in many pathophysiological processes, including organ rejection, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, cancer, atherosclerotic plaque formation, numerous neurological disorders, etc. The current gold standard for diagnosing and staging rejection after organ transplantation is biopsy, which is not only invasive, but also prone to sampling errors. Here, we report a noninvasive approach using MRI to detect graft rejection after solid organ transplantation. In addition, we present the feasibility of imaging individual macrophages in vivo by MRI in a rodent heterotopic working-heart transplantation model using a more sensitive contrast agent, the micrometer-sized paramagnetic iron oxide particle, as a methodology to detect acute cardiac rejection.
Trypsin activation peptide (TAP) in acute pancreatitis: from pathophysiology to clinical usefulness. (2001)

Acute pancreatitis is a common digestive disease which is usually diagnosed when there is acute abdominal pain associated with a concomitant rise of serum amylase and lipase levels [1, 2]. However, up to 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis may have normal serum enzyme concentrations [3]. After exposure to a trigger event (mainly alcohol and gallstone migration into the common bile duct), injury to the gland occurs extremely rapidly and is usually complete at the time of admission. For the past 10 years, research aimed at understanding the early events which initiate acute pancreatitis has provided new information which has led to the recent development of potentially useful diagnostic tools. In the mid 1990s, the urinary concentration of trypsinogen and trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP) was shown to be more sensitive and specific in diagnosing acute pancreatitis than serum amylase and lipase concentrations [4, 5, 6]. Since then, urinary trypsinogen and urinary TAP represent good alternative tools for clinicians in this situation, but the detection kits are expensive and not available in every hospital. Acute pancreatitis is also a disease of variable severity, while approximately 80% of patients experience mild attacks which resolve themselves with little morbidity, the remaining 20% [7] suffer from severe disease with mortality rates as high as 30% [8]. Early prediction of the severity of an attack of acute pancreatitis remains the main goal for clinicians in charge of such patients. The complexity of using multifactorial scales, including Ranson [9], Glasgow [10] and APACHE II [11] scoring systems, and the fact that CT scanning is expensive, exposes the patient to ionizing radiation and lacks sensitivity and specificity in the early stage of the disease [12], account for the increasing interest shown in serum markers to predict the severity of an attack. If severe attacks were detected at an early stage, aggressive and efficient measures could be implemented without undue delay. Thus, such patients will probably benefit from admission to tertiary center, prophylactic antibiotic administration [13], early enteral nutrition [14] and early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pancreatitis of suspected biliary origin [15]. In the recent study of Neoptolemos et al. [16], urinary TAP concentration measurement is proposed as a valuable predictive factor inasmuch as it provided accurate severity prediction in 172 patients with acute pancreatitis (35 with a severe form) 24 hours after the onset of an attack (70% accuracy at 24 hours). In this article, we would like to briefly review the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis and try to determine the effectiveness in using TAP either as a diagnostic tool or prognostic indicator in acute pancreatitis.
Measuring and Reporting Electrical Conductivity in Metal–Organic Frameworks: Cd2(TTFTB) as a Case Study (2016)

Electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as a subclass of porous materials that can have a transformative effect on electronic and renewable energy devices. Systematic advances in these materials depend critically on the accurate and reproducible characterization of their electrical properties. This is made difficult by the numerous techniques available for electrical measurements and the dependence of metrics on device architecture and numerous external variables. These challenges, common to all types of electronic materials and devices, are especially acute for porous materials, whose high surface area make them even more susceptible to interactions with contaminants in the environment. Here, we use the anisotropic semiconducting framework Cd<sub>2</sub>(TTFTB) (TTFTB<sup>4-</sup> = tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate) to benchmark several common methods available for measuring electrical properties in MOFs. We show that factors such as temperature, chemical environment (atmosphere), and illumination conditions affect the quality of the data obtained from these techniques. Consistent results emerge only when these factors are strictly controlled and the morphology and anisotropy of the Cd<sub>2</sub>(TTFTB) single-crystal devices are taken into account. Most importantly, we show that depending on the technique, device construction, and/or the environment, a variance of 1 or even 2 orders of magnitude is not uncommon for even just one material if external factors are not controlled consistently. Differences in conductivity values of even 2 orders of magnitude should therefore be interpreted with caution, especially between different research groups comparing different compounds. These results allow us to propose a reliable protocol for collecting and reporting electrical properties of MOFs, which should help improve the consistency and comparability of reported electrical properties for this important new class of crystalline porous conductors.
High breakdown GaN HEMT with overlapping gate structure (2000)

GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were fabricated using an overlapping-gate technique in which the drain-side edge of the metal gate overlaps on a high breakdown and high dielectric constant dielectric. The overlapping structure reduces the electric field at the drain-side gate edge, thus increasing the breakdown of the device. A record-high three-terminal breakdown figure of 570 V was achieved on a HEMT with a gate-drain spacing of 13 μm. The source-drain saturation current was 500 mA/mm and the extrinsic transconductance 150 mS/mm.
Mimetics of Sialyl Lewisx: The Pre-Organization of the Carboxylic Acid is Essential for Binding to Selectins (2007)

Selectins play a key role in leukocyte trafficking during the inflammatory response of the organism, i.e. the recruitment and extravasation of leukocytes from the blood stream into inflamed tissue. Antagonizing the interaction of selectins with their physiological ligands was shown to be a validated approach for the treatment of inflammatory disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, stroke or reperfusion injuries. Although numerous research efforts to identify small molecule selectin antagonists have been reported, no successful drug has been identified so far. This mini-review describes selectin antagonists, where the N-acetylneuraminic acid moiety of the natural ligand sialyl Lewisx is replaced by mimetics containing the essential carboxylic acid function. The prerequisite of a pre-organization of the carboxylate in the bioactive conformation is discussed.
Effect of Chronic Anticonvulsant Therapy on Serum 25-Hydroxycalciferol Levels in Adults (1972)

Abstract A survey of 48 adult epileptic outpatients receiving chronic combined phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin therapy demonstrated significant hypocalcemia in 19 per cent, and significantly decreased serum 25-hydroxycalciferol in 33 per cent of patients, as compared to 38 untreated controls. Similar but less marked changes were seen in a group of 13 patients given chronic therapy with either phenobarbital or diphenylhydantoin alone. Elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase in the patients receiving chronic therapy with either or both of these agents was attributable to increases in both the hepatic and bone isoenzyme fractions. Serum calcium correlated positively with serum 25-hydroxycalciferol in both the patient and the control groups. Serum 25-hydroxycalciferol also correlated positively with vitamin D intake in the patient and control groups, but at any given intake of vitamin D, mean serum levels were lower in the patient group. Lowest serum calcium and 25-hydroxycalciferol levels were seen in th...
Histogram classification using vector quantization (2002)

Examines a general scheme by which vector quantizer (VQ) design methods can be used to produce a histogram classification rule. Results on histogram classification using data-dependent partitions show that a number of VQ common design methods yield classification rules that are Bayes risk consistent. A new design method that accounts of misclassification errors is also considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
IL‐15‐induced human DC efficiently prime melanoma‐specific naive CD8+ T cells to differentiate into CTL (2007)

Monocytes differentiate into dendritic cells (DC) in response to GM-CSF combined with other cytokines including IL-4 and IL-15. Here, we show that IL15-DC are efficient in priming naive CD8+ T cells to differentiate into melanoma antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). While both melanoma peptide-pulsed IL15-DC and IL4-DC expand high-precursor frequency MART-1-specific CD8+ T cells after two stimulations in vitro, IL15-DC require much lower peptide concentration for priming. IL15-DC are more efficient in expanding gp100-specific CD8+ T cells and can expand CD8+ T cells specific for Tyrosinase and MAGE-3. CTL primed by IL15-DC are superior in their function as demonstrated by (i) higher IFN-gamma secretion, (ii) higher expression of Granzyme B and Perforin, and (iii) higher killing of allogeneic melanoma cell lines, most particularly the HLA-A*0201+ Sk-Mel-24 melanoma cells that are resistant to killing by CD8+ T cells primed with IL4-DC. Supernatants of the sonicated cells demonstrate unique expression of IL-1, IL-8 and IL-15. Therefore, membrane-bound IL-15 might contribute to enhanced priming by IL15-DC. Thus, IL-15 induces myeloid DC that are efficient in priming and maturation of melanoma antigen-specific CTL.
Fisher''S Discriminant And Relevant Component Analysis For Static Facial Expression Classification (2007)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Poznan, Poland, 2007