gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet radiation triggers apoptosis of fibroblasts and skin keratinocytes mainly via the BH3-only protein Noxa (2007)

To identify the mechanisms of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced cell death, for which the tumor suppressor p53 is essential, we have analyzed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and keratinocytes in mouse skin that have specific apoptotic pathways blocked genetically. Blocking the death receptor pathway provided no protection to MEFs, whereas UVR-induced apoptosis was potently inhibited by Bcl-2 overexpression, implicating the mitochondrial pathway. Indeed, Bcl-2 overexpression boosted cell survival more than p53 loss, revealing a p53-independent pathway controlled by the Bcl-2 family. Analysis of primary MEFs lacking individual members of its BH3-only subfamily identified major initiating roles for the p53 targets Noxa and Puma. In the transformed derivatives, where Puma, unexpectedly, was not induced by UVR, Noxa had the dominant role and Bim a minor role. Furthermore, loss of Noxa suppressed the formation of apoptotic keratinocytes in the skin of UV-irradiated mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate that UVR activates the Bcl-2-regulated apoptotic pathway predominantly through activation of Noxa and, depending on cellular context, Puma.
Biological Macromolecules and Assemblies (1987)

This book contains 10 selections. Some of the titles are: The A Form of DNA; The Structure of Cro Repressor Protein; Structure of Catabolite Gene Activator Protein; and The Gene 5 Protein and Its Molecular Complexes.
The impact of open market equity repurchases on UK equity prices (1996)

This paper presents the first empirical evidence regarding the share price impact of open market stock repurchases in the UK. The analysis reveals a positive reaction on the day of the announcement of the repurchase, consistent with the reaction found under very different circumstances in the US, and consistent with the expected reaction on the retirement of equity. The transactions are typically instigated by firms that are underperforming the market and tends to follow a short-term fall in the firm's share price. The reaction on the day of the repurchase is positively related to the percentage of equity transacted. There is no evidence that the return on the day of the announcement is affected by the characteristics of the repurchase.
Identification of phenylbutyrylglutamine, a new metabolite of phenylbutyrate metabolism in humans (2002)

Phenylbutyrate is used in humans for treating inborn errors of ureagenesis, certain forms of cancer, cystic fibrosis and thalassemia. The known metabolism of phenylbutyrate leads to phenylacetylglutamine, which is excreted in urine. We have identified phenylbutyrylglutamine as a new metabolite of phenylbutyrate in human plasma and urine. We describe the synthesis of phenylbutyrylglutamine and its assay by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as a tert-butyldimethylsilyl or methyl derivative, using standards of [(2)H(5)]phenylbutyrylglutamine and phenylpropionylglutamine. After administration of phenylbutyrate to normal humans, the cumulative urinary excretion of phenylacetate, phenylbutyrate, phenylacetylglutamine and phenylbutyrylglutamine amounts to about half of the dose of phenylbutyrate. Thus, additional metabolites of phenylbutyrate are yet to be identified.
Chronic Venous Disease (2006)

This account of chronic venous disease summarizes the clinical aspects of the disorder and reviews the recent advances in studies of the hydrodynamic and biochemical changes that underlie the disorder.
Free Sulfhydryl Groups in Ripening Tomato fruits (1981)

The content of free sulfhydryl (SH) groups in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits was determined. The levels of these groups in different cultivars increased as the fruit ripened, either on the vine or in storage. The compounds containing these SH groups were dialyzable and were ascribed to be cysteine and glutathione. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
Synthesis of large and small molecules using olefin metathesis catalysts (2012)

Ruthenium based olefin metathesis catalysts have provided new routes to olefins that appear in a variety of structures. Their functional group tolerance and ease of use allow their application in the synthesis of multifunctional bioactive mols. that are being explored as pharmaceutical agents. The same systems are also useful for the synthesis of an array of new materials from multifunctional polymers to supramol. systems. Of particular interest are brush polymer systems that phase sep. into ordered structures. The long-range order of these periodic structures is controlled by the selection and ordering of the block components. We are exploring the factors that control the spacing and attempting to develop a detailed picture of the phase sepn. process. The catalysts can also be used to construct telechelic polymers and in the prodn. of composite materials. Underlying these developments has been the discovery of active catalysts with controlled selectivity through the synthesis of new ligands that control the geometry of the intermediate carbene and metallacycle complexes. A recent finding has been a ligand system that controls the geometry of the double bond that is formed in the metathesis process. A particularly efficient catalyst that will dimerize olefins to the Z geometry in high yields has been developed. These systems also generate a family of high Z polymers.
The band edge luminescence of surface modified CdSe nanocrystallites: Probing the luminescing state (1997)

We study the luminescence of surface modified CdSe nanocrystallites. There has been much speculation as to the origin of the band edge emission in these quantum confined structures. Because of their large surface to volume ratios it has been suggested that the emission originates from surface-related states. However, recent theory suggests that the band edge luminescence arises from an optically inactive fine structure state or “dark” exciton. To address this issue we modify the surface of CdSe nanocrystallites with a variety of organic and inorganic ligands. We then monitor the effect changing the surface has on the energetics of the band edge luminescence through photoluminescence and fluorescence line narrowing experiments. Our results are compared with theoretical predictions for the nonresonant and resonant luminescence. We find good agreement between experiment and theory for CdSe nanocrystallites passivated with trioctylphosphine oxide, ZnS, 4-picoline, 4-(trifluoromethyl)thiophenol, and tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate. The lack of dependence of our data on surface modification is consistent with a dark exciton description of the band edge luminescence.
Recombinant human zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 induces calcium influx and acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa (1996)

Recombinant human ZP3 (rhuZP3) generated by Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with a plasmid containing human ZP3 cDNA was used to study the acrosome reaction (AR) and intracellular calcium fluxes in capacitated human spermatozoa. Conditioned medium containing rhuZP3 significantly induced the AR (P < or = 0.005) in 59.4 +/- 4.7% of spermatozoa (control = 8.5 +/- 3.1%) and caused complete acrosomal loss in a further 17.2 +/- 3.8% of cells (control = 3.7 +/- 0.7%; mean +/- SEM, n = 5). Sperm motility was not affected and acrosomal exocytosis in response to rhuZP3 was also shown to be time-dependent. Basal concentrations of sperm intracellular calcium were measured (82 +/- 7 nM; mean +/- SEM, n = 9). A transient increase in intracellular calcium (typically up to 400-450 nM) occurred within 1 min of rhuZP3 addition and was followed by sustained lower values of calcium (200-400 nM). These responses were dependent on the amount of rhuZP3. This is the first report of zona protein-induced changes in intracellular calcium levels in human spermatozoa. The results support the premise that ZP3 is an agonist of the human sperm AR and that rhuZP3 generated in a eukaryotic cell is effective in this respect.
CELLULOSE BIOSYNTHESIS: Exciting Times for A Difficult Field of Study (1999)

The past few decades have witnessed exciting progress in studies on the biosynthesis of cellulose. In the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum, discovery of the activator of the cellulose synthase, cyclic diguanylic acid, opened the way for obtaining high rates of in vitro synthesis of cellulose. This, in turn, led to purification of the cellulose synthase and for the cloning of genes that encode the catalytic subunit and other proteins that bind the activator and regulate its synthesis and degradation, or that control secretion and crystallization of the microfibrils. In higher plants, a family of genes has been discovered that show interesting similarities and differences from the gene in bacteria that encodes the catalytic subunit of the synthase. Genetic evidence now supports the concept that members of this family encode the catalytic subunit in these organisms, with various members showing tissue-specific expression. Although the cellulose synthase has not yet been purified to homogeneity from plants, recent progress in this area suggests that this will soon be accomplished.
Structure and Functional Expression of a Human Interleukin-8 Receptor (1991)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a member of a family of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although the best characterized activities of IL-8 include the chemoattraction and activation of neutrophils, other members of this family have a wide range of specific actions including the chemotaxis and activation of monocytes, the selective chemotaxis of memory T cells, the inhibition of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, and the induction of neutrophil infiltration in vivo. A complementary DNA encoding the IL-8 receptor from human neutrophils has now been isolated. The amino acid sequence shows that the receptor is a member of the superfamily of receptors that couple to guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins). The sequence is 29% identical to that of receptors for the other neutrophil chemoattractants, fMet-Leu-Phe and C5a. Mammalian cells transfected with the IL-8 receptor cDNA clone bind IL-8 with high affinity and respond specifically to IL-8 by transiently mobilizing calcium. The IL-8 receptor may be part of a subfamily of related G protein-coupled receptors that transduce signals for the IL-8 family of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Preparation of Adult Muscle Fiber-Associated Stem/Precursor Cells (2010)

In our studies of muscle regeneration we have developed, modified, and optimized techniques to isolate and study the stem and precursor cells to muscle tissue. Our goals have been to obtain for study muscle fibers in bulk, or the fiber-associated cells, separately from the other cells found in muscle. Using these techniques, myofiber-associated cells may be isolated from neonatal through adult muscle, from resting or from regenerating muscle, thus allowing one to investigate the cellular populations participating during the time course of these events. The protocol is applicable to any age and condition of muscle and may be adapted for other tissues.
Attachment role of gonococcal pili. Optimum conditions and quantitation of adherence of isolated pili to human cells in vitro. (1978)

A B S T R A C T Gonococcal pili facilitate attachment of virulent Neisseria gonorrhoeae to human cells. To characterize this attachment function, purified gonococcal pili isolated from four strains possessing antigenically distinct pili were radiolabeled with 125I and used to measure the attachment of pili to various human cells in vitro. Human buccal and cervical-vaginal mucosal epithelial cells, fallopian tube mucosa, and sperm bound pili in greater numbers per ,um2 of surface area (1-10) than fetal tonsil fibroblasts, HeLa M cells, erythrocytes, or polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This cell specificity of attachment suggests a greater density of membrane pili binding sites on cells similar or identical to cells from natural sites of infection. The pili binding sites were quantitated as 1 x 104 per cervical-vaginal squamous cell.
Development of multiple organ-localized autoimmune diseases in nude mice after reconstitution of T cell function by rat fetal thymus graft. (1986)

Restoration of T cell function of athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice was investigated after transplantation of xenogeneic thymic rudiments from 15-d-old embryonic rats into kidney subcapsule. The rudiments developed well and formed a proper thymus structure composed of donor epithelia and host lymphocytes. Examination of antibody responses to SRBC revealed that approximately half the normal number of indirect PFCs were observed. Skin grafts from syngeneic BALB/c mice and thymic donor rat strains were accepted, whereas those from allogeneic mice and the rats of other than donor strains were vigorously rejected. Thymus-grafted nude mice under a conventional environment survived without any evident infectious diseases. Histological and immunofluorescence studies, however, showed a high incidence of multiple organ-localized autoimmune diseases in thyroid, salivary gland, stomach, adrenal, prostate, ovary, and testis in mice that produced the corresponding autoantibodies. These results together suggested that rat thymic grafts reconstituted T cell functions of nu/nu mice to a considerable degree, but that organ-localized autoimmune diseases developed, probably because certain auto-antigens of the recipients were recognized by the newly reconstituted host immunity.
Viral‐Specific Immunization in AIDS‐Related Complex by Photopheresis (1991)

The potential for therapeutic intervention in 7 patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC) was evaluated through the use of photopheresis. The rationale for the study was based on: 1. the demonstration that psoralen and UVA could inactivate HIV/virus in vitro; 2. CD4 cells are the primary target population effected by HIV and photopheresis; and 3. reinfusion of inactivated virus and cell-associated virus might serve to engender an immune response. Preliminary results in 7 patients with ARC over 6 to 18 months revealed a virus-specific response with an elevation of HIV antibodies, while EBV and CMV titers remained unchanged. The immunologic results revealed an increase in the CD8 lymphocyte population, stable activation markers (B2 microglobulin neopterin), a decrease in p24 antigen titers and inability to culture HIV virus in 3 patients. All of these results were in the context of a stable or increasing CD4+ percent. Six patients did not reveal a generalized inhibition of other immune responses as demonstrated by recovery of DTH. In addition, the resolution of lymphadenopathy, night sweats, fever and weight loss, paralleled the immunologic response.
Strong Cytosine-Guanosine-Independent Immunostimulation in Humans and Other Primates by Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotides with PyNTTTTGT Motifs (2003)

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing cytosine-guanosine (CpG) motifs stimulate B and plasmacytoid dendritic cells of the vertebrate immune system. We found that in primates strong stimulation of these cells could also be achieved using certain non-CpG ODNs. The immunostimulatory motif in this case is a sequence with the general formula PyNTTTTGT in which Py is C or T, and N is A, T, C, or G. Assays performed on purified cells indicated that the immunostimulatory activity is direct. The use of a nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate backbone is not a necessary condition, since phosphodiester PyNTTTTGT ODNs are active. It was also demonstrated that ODN 2006, a widely used immunostimulant of human B cells, possess two kinds of immunostimulatory motifs: one of them mainly composed of two successive TCG trinucleotides located at the 5' end and another one (duplicated) of the PyNTTTTGT kind here described. Even though PyNTTTTGT ODNs are mainly active on primate cells, some of them, bearing the CATTTTGT motif, have a small effect on cells from other mammals. This suggests that the immunostimulatory mechanism activated by these ODNs was present before, but optimized during, evolution of primates. Significant differences in the frequency of PyNTTTTGT sequences between bacterial and human DNA were not found. Thus, the possibility that PyNTTTTGT ODNs represent a class of pathogen-associated molecular pattern is unlikely. They could, more reasonably, be included within the category of danger signals of cell injury.
Cloning and sequencing of the major intracellular serine protease gene of Bacillus subtilis (1986)

A Bacillus subtilis 2.7-kilobase DNA fragment containing an intracellular protease gene was cloned into Escherichia coli. The transformants produced an intracellular protease of approximately 35,000 Mr whose activity was inhibited by both phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and EDTA. Introduction of the fragment on a multicopy vector, pUB110, into B. subtilis caused a marked increase in the level of the intracellular protease. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned fragment showed the presence of an open reading frame for a possible proenzyme of the major intracellular serine protease (ISP-I) of B. subtilis with an NH2-terminal 17- or 20-amino-acid extension. The total amino acid sequence of the protease deduced from the nucleotide sequence showed considerable homology with that of an extracellular serine protease, subtilisin. The transcriptional initiation site of the ISP-I gene was identified by nuclease S1 mapping. No typical conserved sequence for promoters was found upstream of the open reading frame. An ISP-I-negative mutant of B. subtilis was constructed by integration of artificially deleted gene into the chromosome. The mutant sporulated normally in a nutritionally rich medium but showed decreased sporulation in a synthetic medium. The chloramphenicol resistance determinant of a plasmid integrated at the ISP-I locus was mapped by PBS1 transduction and was found to be closely linked to metC (99.5%).
A Deep Learning Approach to Drone Monitoring (2017)

A drone monitoring system that integrates deep-learning-based detection and tracking modules is proposed in this work. The biggest challenge in adopting deep learning methods for drone detection is the limited amount of training drone images. To address this issue, we develop a model-based drone augmentation technique that automatically generates drone images with a bounding box label on drone's location. To track a small flying drone, we utilize the residual information between consecutive image frames. Finally, we present an integrated detection and tracking system that outperforms the performance of each individual module containing detection or tracking only. The experiments show that, even being trained on synthetic data, the proposed system performs well on real world drone images with complex background. The USC drone detection and tracking dataset with user labeled bounding boxes is available to the public.
Optimal configuring of multiple scan chains (1993)

To reduce the high test time for serial scan designs, the use of multiple scan chains has been proposed. In this paper, the authors consider the problem of optimally constructing the multiple scan chains to minimize the overall test time. Rather than follow the traditional practice of using equal length chains, the authors allow the chains to be of different lengths and show that this cap lead to lower test times. The main idea in this approach is to place those scan elements that are more frequently accessed in shorter scan chains as this tends to reduce the overall test time. Given a design with N scan elements and given that if scan chains need to be used for applying tests, the authors present an algorithm of complexity O(kN/sup 2/) for constructing the specified number of chains such that the overall test application time is minimized. By analyzing a range of different circuit topologies, the authors demonstrate test time reductions as large as 40% over equal length chains.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[The prevalence of astheno-depressive states in the population living in ecologically unhealthy industrial and agricultural regions]. (1999)

Complex medical, statistic, hygienic and pathophysiologic study proved occurrence of psychic disorders including asthenic and depression states to be possibly determined by ecologic factors. Pathogenesis of asthenic and depression states involves "revision" of relationships in "hypothalamus-hypophysis complex-epiphysis" system due to changes in secretion by specific neurons.
Efficacy of a single high dose versus multiple low doses of LLLT on wounded skin fibroblasts (2007)

<b>Background/purpose</b>: In vivo studies have demonstrated that phototherapy accelerates wound healing in the clinical environment; however the exact mechanism is still not completely understood. The main focus of this study was to use in vitro laboratory results to establish an effective treatment regimen that may be practical and applicable to the clinical environment. This in vitro study aimed to compare the cellular responses of wounded fibroblasts following a single exposure of 5 J/cm<sup>2</sup> or multiple exposures of low doses (2.5 J/cm<sup>2</sup> or 5 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) on one day of the week to a single application of a higher dose (16 J/cm<sup>2</sup>) on day 1 and day 4. <b>Methodology</b>: Cellular responses to Helium-Neon (632.8 nm) laser irradiation were evaluated by measuring changes in cell morphology, cell viability, cell proliferation, membrane integrity and DNA damage. <b>Results</b>: Wounded cells exposed to 5 J/cm<sup>2</sup> on day 1 and day 4 showed an increase in cell viability, increase in the release of bFGF, increase in cell density, decrease in ALP enzyme activity and decrease in caspase 3/7 activity indicating a stimulatory effect. Wounded cells exposed to three doses of 5 J/cm<sup>2</sup> on day 1 showed a decrease in cell viability and cell proliferation and an increase in LDH cytotoxicity and DNA damage indicating an inhibitory effect. <b>Conclusion</b>: Results indicate that cellular responses are influenced by the combination of dose administered, number of exposures and time between exposures. Single doses administered with sufficient time between exposures is more beneficial to restoring cell function than multiple doses within a short period. Although this work confirms previous reports on the cumulative effect of laser irradiation it provides essential information for the initiation of in vivo clinical studies.