gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An industrial-strength description logic-based configurator platform (1998)

Modern communications equipment is highly modular and can scale to a wide range of applications. Usually, the equipment's cost and complexity requires that it be manufactured to order, or at least assembled-to-order. In this context, orders double as specifications, describing what should be manufactured as well as how the product should be installed. Producing a correct and complete order for such equipment can be challenging when requirements are incomplete, inconsistent, or when the final product is large and complicated. A good order is technically correct and meets customer requirements for network capacity and growth without over-engineering. Incomplete configurations can lead to cost overruns if the missing elements are discovered during manufacturing. If they are not, faulty products can result. Either way, the customers are unhappy. We have tackled the configuration problem for a number of large telecommunications products. Our Prose configurators are based on CLASSIC, a description logic-based knowledge representation system. We have found it to be well suited to our configurator needs. Because it attempts to provide predictable performance in all cases, CLASSIC is less expressive than many description logic systems, but it has been widely used in both industrial applications and academic systems. Some of our configurators have been in use since 1990. They have processed more than $4.5 billion in orders and have documented many benefits, including reduced order processing time, reduced staffing, and product-knowledge consistency checking.
Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage: clinical, pathologic, and imaging features. (1995)

Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage (DPH) is a syndrome characterized by the presence of widespread hemorrhage from the pulmonary microvasculature leading to hemoptysis, iron deficiency anemia, and a chest radiography showing bilateral airspace consolidation. Diagnostic imaging consists primarily of chest radiography, but CT and MR imaging may be helpful in selected cases. There are many causes of DPH, and the differential diagnosis and diagnostic approach depend on whether the patient is immunocompetent or immunocompromised. This review summarizes the clinical, pathologic, and imaging features of DPH and the treatment of its more common causes.
Variable focus dielectric liquid droplet lens (2006)

A liquid crystal droplet lens driven by the dielectrophoresis (DEP) force was demonstrated. The liquid crystal droplet lens was deformed by the DEP forces under non-uniform AC electric fields. Focal length, hysteresis and electrode design were studied. The focal length varied from 1.6mm to 2.6mm in the range of 0-200V at 1 kHz for electrode spacing of 5 0mum; that is, the tuning ratio of the focal length was about 60% in maximum. The hysteresis of contact angle was found to be less than 3 degrees and it vanished after 1 minute at the rest state. As the electrode spacing over 200 mum, the tuning ratios of the focal length dropped below 5%. The liquid crystal droplet lens that had numerical aperture of about 0.5 consumed power of about 0.1mW. Its response time was measured to be about 220 ms.
Copyright Management of Document Supply in an Electronic Age (1993)

The growing use of electronic technology for preparing, storing and disseminating documents is welcomed as a great advance on the use of paper, but it also poses many threats to rights owners. Copying, downloading, storing, retransmission and networking are all major threats. Even greater concern is caused by the capability to edit, amend, delete or enlarge a text without the original owner knowing anything about this or being able to control it. The CITED(TM) model offers a standard which can be used to assure owners that their works are being used properly. It also provides a mechanism for allowing access rather than inhibiting it but still recording use and collecting royalties where appropriate. The model is not a piece of software in itself but a conceptual model which can be mapped on to any information in digital format, whether text, broadcasts, sound recordings or visual images. The model has particular application to the role of document supply centres and networking of copyright information.
A Proposed Home Information System in Taiwan: Videoinfo System (1994)

Videoinfo -- a new Chinese teletext system based on the extension of NABTS is reported. Three key issues, including Chinese character extension, graphic user interface, and program guide, are addressed in this paper. Summary The Videoinfo project, which is supported by the ROC government, intends to introduce teletext service, TV subtitling service, and program guide service to the residents of Taiwan. The basic requirement of these services is that they must use traditional Chinese characters, which include 540 1 frequently used characters, and more than 7000 next frequently used characters. This large character set makes it very special in the world. Therefore, none of the four teletext systems recommended by the CCIR [1] are suitable for this purpose without modification. Also, a friendly user interface is vital to these services, according to our survey. Again, none of the currently available teletext systems meet this requirement without enhancement.
World Bank : Health systems development (April 2006) (2006)

Each issue of this newsletter includes the following sections: Leadership Forum, Featured Reading, Event, Bulletin Board, Archives and information on newsletter subscription. The paper featured in the Leadership Forum in this issue is: The Development Opportunities Presented by Investment in the Health Sector of Emerging Market Economies, by Simon Stevens. This issue also includes an editorial: Beyond BRIC towards New Emerging Health Care Markets.
The Histologic Effects of Pulsed and Continuous Radiofrequency Lesions at 42°C to Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion and Sciatic Nerve (2005)

The data support the hypothesis that pulsed RF treatment does not rely on thermal injury of neurologic tissue to achieve its effect.
The Genetic Landscape of a Cell (2010)

A genome-scale genetic interaction map was constructed by examining 5.4 million gene-gene pairs for synthetic genetic interactions, generating quantitative genetic interaction profiles for approximately 75% of all genes in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A network based on genetic interaction profiles reveals a functional map of the cell in which genes of similar biological processes cluster together in coherent subsets, and highly correlated profiles delineate specific pathways to define gene function. The global network identifies functional cross-connections between all bioprocesses, mapping a cellular wiring diagram of pleiotropy. Genetic interaction degree correlated with a number of different gene attributes, which may be informative about genetic network hubs in other organisms. We also demonstrate that extensive and unbiased mapping of the genetic landscape provides a key for interpretation of chemical-genetic interactions and drug target identification.
When poll is better than interrupt (2012)

In a traditional block I/O path, the operating system completes virtually all I/Os asynchronously via interrupts. However, performing storage I/O with ultra-low latency devices using next-generation non-volatile memory, it can be shown that polling for the completion - hence wasting clock cycles during the I/O - delivers higher performance than traditional interrupt-driven I/O. This paper thus argues for the synchronous completion of block I/O first by presenting strong empirical evidence showing a stack latency advantage, second by delineating limits with the current interrupt-driven path, and third by proving that synchronous completion is indeed safe and correct. This paper further discusses challenges and opportunities introduced by synchronous I/O completion model for both operating system kernels and user applications.
Effects of Substitution of Tryptophan 412 in the Substrate Activation Pathway of Yeast Pyruvate Decarboxylase (1999)

Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis was carried out on pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae at W412, located on the putative substrate activation pathway and linking E91 on the alpha domain with W412 on the gamma domain of the enzyme. While C221 on the beta domain is the residue at which substrate activation is triggered [Baburina, I., et al. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 5630-5635; Baburina, I., et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 10249-10255], that information, via the substrate bound at C221, is transmitted to H92 on the alpha domain, across the domain divide from C221 [Baburina, I., et al. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 1235-1244; Baburina, I., et al. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 1245-1255], thence to E91 on the alpha domain [Li, H., and Jordan, F. (1999) Biochemistry 38, 9992-10003], and then on to W412 on the gamma domain and to the active site thiamin diphosphate located at the interface of the alpha and gamma domains [Arjunan, D., et al. (1996) J. Mol. Biol. 256, 590-600]. Substitution at W412 with F and A was carried out, resulting in active enzymes with specific activities about 4- and 10-fold lower than that of the wild-type enzyme. Even though W412 interacts with E91 and H115 via a main chain hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, respectively, there is clear evidence for the importance of the indole side chain of W412 from a variety of experiments: thermostability, fluorescence quenching, and the binding constants of the thiamin diphosphate, and circular dichroism spectroscopy, in addition to conventional steady-state kinetic measurements. While the substrate activation is still prominent in the W412F variant, its level is very much reduced in the W412A variant, signaling that the size of the side chain is also important in positioning the amino acids surrounding the active center to achieve substrate activation. The fluorescence studies demonstrate that W412 is a relatively minor contributor to the well-documented fluorescence of apopyruvate decarboxylase in its native state. The information about the W412 variants provides strong additional support for the putative substrate activation pathway from C221 --> H92 --> E91 --> W412 --> G413 --> thiamin diphosphate. The accumulating evidence for the central role of the beta domain in stabilizing the overall structure is summarized.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry of Vapor−Liquid−Solid Grown, Au-Catalyzed, Si Wires (2008)

Knowledge of the catalyst concentration within vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) grown semiconductor wires is needed in order to assess potential limits to electrical and optical device performance imposed by the VLS growth mechanism. We report herein the use of secondary ion mass spectrometry to characterize the Au catalyst concentration within individual, VLS-grown, Si wires. For Si wires grown by chemical vapor deposition from SiCl 4 at 1000 degrees C, an upper limit on the bulk Au concentration was observed to be 1.7 x 10(16) atoms/cm(3), similar to the thermodynamic equilibrium concentration at the growth temperature. However, a higher concentration of Au was observed on the sidewalls of the wires.
Reduced instability growth with high-adiabat high-foot implosions at the National Ignition Facility (2014)

Hydrodynamic instabilities are a major obstacle in the quest to achieve ignition as they cause preexisting capsule defects to grow and ultimately quench the fusion burn in experiments at the National Ignition Facility. Unstable growth at the ablation front has been dramatically reduced in implosions with "high-foot" drives as measured using x-ray radiography of modulations at the most dangerous wavelengths (Legendre mode numbers of 30-90). These growth reductions have helped to improve the performance of layered DT implosions reported by O. A. Hurricane et al. [Nature (London) 506, 343 (2014)], when compared to previous "low-foot" experiments, demonstrating the value of stabilizing ablation-front growth and providing directions for future ignition designs.
Molecular characterization of pulA and its product, pullulanase, a secreted enzyme of Klebsielia pneumoniae UNF5023 (1990)

The determined nucleotide sequence of the Klebsiella pneumoniae UNF5023 gene pulA comprises a single open reading frame coding for a 1090-residue precursor of the secreted protein pullulanase. The predicted sequence of this protein is highly homologous to that of pullulanase of Klebsiella aerogenes strain W70. However, the UNF5023 pullulanase lacks a collagen-like sequence present at the N-terminus of the mature W70 enzyme and differs further from the W70 pullulanase around residue 300 and at the C-terminus. Pullulanases with or without the collagen-like sequence could not be separated by gel electrophoresis under denaturing or non-denaturing conditions, and were unaffected by collagenase. A large central domain which is highly conserved in both UNF5023 and W70 polypeptides contains eight short sequences that are also found in amylases and iso-amylases. Linker mutations in the region of the UNF5023 pulA gene coding for this domain abolished catalytic activity without affecting transport of the polypeptide across the outer membrane. Hybrid proteins comprising at least the amino-terminal 656 residues of prepullulanase fused to alkaline phosphatase were partially localized to the cell surface, as judged by their accessibility to anti-pullulanase serum in immuno-fluorescence tests. On the basis of these results, we tentatively propose that secretion signals required for recognition and translocation across the outer membrane via the pullulanase-specific extension of the secretion pathway are located near the N-terminus of the pullulanase polypeptide.
A high-dose pulse steroid regimen for controlling active chronic graft-versus-host disease (2001)

Corticosteroids remain essential for controlling active chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). However, the optimum dose and administration schedule is unknown. We have reviewed our results in 61 patients with severe refractory cGVHD who were treated with a high-dose pulse steroid regimen (PS) consisting of methylprednisolone at 10 mg/kg per day for 4 consecutive days, with subsequent tapering doses. After 4 days, all patients received a course of additional immunosuppressive therapy. The median age of the 56 patients who were evaluable for response was 32 years (range, 0.2-57 years). Patients had failed a median of 2 (range, 1-5) treatments prior to the PS. The median follow-up for 45 surviving patients after PS was 1.5 years. The probability of survival at 1 year and 2 years after PS was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76%-95%) and 81% (95% CI, 65%-91%), respectively. Twenty-seven patients (48%) showed a major response to PS with substantial improvement of cGVHD manifestations, including softening of the skin, increased range of motion, and improved performance status; 15 patients (27%) showed a minor response, defined as improvement in some but not all symptoms of cGVHD. Of the 42 responders, 21 (50%) had progression of their cGVHD afterwards. The median time to progression was 1.9 years. The probability of progression at 1 and 2 years after PS was 36% (95% CI, 23%-53%) and 54% (95% CI, 38%-71%), respectively. The probability of progression at 1 year was 25% (95% CI, 12%-47%) and 55% (95% CI, 32%-81%) for patients who had major and minor response, respectively (hazard ratio, 2.13). Ten of the 42 responders (24%) were able to discontinue all systemic immunosuppressive treatments. The probability of discontinuation at 1 and 2 years after PS was 9% (95% CI, 3%-25%) and 27% (95% CI, 15%-48%), respectively. The treatment was well tolerated with no serious adverse events. Our results suggest that PS is a well-tolerated regimen for achieving rapid clinical response in the majority of patients with cGVHD who failed on multiple previous therapies. Further studies are warranted to maintain the efficacy of this regimen by combining with new active agents in cGVHD.
Dielectric Meta-Reflectarray for Broadband Linear Polarization Conversion and Optical Vortex Generation (2014)

Plasmonic metasurfaces have recently attracted much attention due to their ability to abruptly change the phase of light, allowing subwavelength optical elements for polarization and wavefront control. However, most previously demonstrated metasurface designs suffer from low coupling efficiency and are based on metallic resonators, leading to ohmic loss. Here, we present an alternative approach to plasmonic metasurfaces by replacing the metallic resonators with high-refractive-index silicon cut-wires in combination with a silver ground plane. We experimentally demonstrate that this meta-reflectarray can be used to realize linear polarization conversion with more than 98% conversion efficiency over a 200 nm bandwidth in the short-wavelength infrared band. We also demonstrate optical vortex beam generation using a meta-reflectarray with an azimuthally varied phase profile. The vortex beam generation is shown to have high efficiency over a wavelength range from 1500 to 1600 nm. The use of dielectric resonators in place of their plasmonic counterparts could pave the way for ultraefficient metasurface-based devices at high frequencies.
A genetic approach for studying the physiology of the type 1A (AT1A) angiotensin receptor. (1997)

The ability to create targeted mutations in the mouse genome using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells (gene targeting) has proved to be an extremely useful experimental approach. Recently, mouse lines have been produced with targeted disruptions of various genes in the renin-angiotensin system, and studies of these animals have provided new insights into a well-studied physiological system. This article will review the phenotype of one of these lines: the Agtr1A (-/-) mouse, which lacks type 1A (AT1A) angiotensin receptors. The AT1A receptor is the major AT1 receptor in mice, and most of the known physiological functions of the renin angiotensin system are mediated by AT1 receptors. Agtr1A (-/-) mice grow and develop normally. In kidneys of Agtr1A (-/-) mice, AT1-specific binding is virtually undetectable and renal AT1-specific binding is reduced by approximately 50% in Agtr1A (+/-) heterozygotes. Agtr1A (-/-) mice have severely blunted vascular responses to angiotensin II and their blood pressures are reduced by more than 20 mm Hg, confirming the important role for this gene locus in mediating vascular responses to angiotensin II and in normal maintenance of blood pressure. Agtr1A (-/-) mice have also been useful in defining angiotensin responses that are mediated by receptors other than AT1A. Studies of mice with RAS gene knockouts represent examples of the productive use of gene targeting as a tool for physiological investigation.
The emerging utility of animal models of chronic neurodegenerative diseases (2001)

The two most common neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The symptoms are caused by the initially selective degeneration of neuronal subpopulations involved in memory (AD) or movement control (PD). The cause of both diseases is unknown, but ageing is an inevitable risk factor. The identification of disease-associated genes was a breakthrough for the understanding of molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration and has provided the basis for the establishment of cell culture and animal model systems, instrumental for target validation and drug screening. Familial AD is caused by mutations in the beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP) and in the gene products responsible for its proteolytic processing, namely the presenilins. Transgenic mice expressing these mutant genes develop characteristic AD plaques in an age-dependent manner. A reduction of plaque burden and amelioration of cognitive decline in these animals was recently achieved by vaccination with amyloid beta-protein fibrils. The other hallmark lesion of AD, the neurofibrillary tangle, has been modelled recently in transgenic mice expressing mutant tau protein linked to frontotemporal dementia. PD is characterised by intraneuronal cytoplasmic deposits (Lewy bodies) of the PD-associated gene product alpha-synuclein. Transgenic expression of alpha-synuclein recreated hallmark features of PD in mice and fruit flies, establishing alpha-synuclein as PD-causing drug target. Moreover, environmental risk factors such as the pesticide rotenone have been used successfully to generate rodent models of PD. Lesion models of PD are being exploited for the development of experimental gene therapy and transplantation approaches.
Thrombin, Thrombomodulin and TAFI in the Molecular Link Between Coagulation and Fibrinolysis (1997)

The thrombin thrombomodulin dependent activation of the plasma protein TAFI (Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor) and Subsequent Inhibition of Fibrinolysis by the TAFIa is described. Work to date indicates that TAFIa is a carboxypeptidase B enzyme that suppress fibrinolysis most likely by down regulating the cofactor functions of partially degraded fibrin. The existence of TAFI provides the explanation for the apparent profibrinolytic effect of activated protein C. and implies the existence of an explicit molecular connection between the blood coagulation of fibrinolytic cascades that is expressed through the thrombin thrombomodulin dependent activation of TAFI. Thus, thrombin generation can, in principle, result in the suppression of fibrinolysis.
Ultra-low-loss optical delay line on a silicon chip (2012)

Light propagation through an optical fibre causes a long, non-resonant (true) time delay used in numerous applications. In contrast to how it is deployed in optical communication systems, fibre is coiled in these applications to reduce footprint. This is a configuration better suited for a chip-based waveguide that would improve shock resistance, and afford the possibility of integration for system-on-a-chip functionality. However, integrated waveguide attenuation rates lag far behind the corresponding rates of optical fibre, featuring attenuation many orders larger. Here we demonstrate a monolithic waveguide as long as 27 m (39 m optical path length), and featuring broadband loss rate values of (0.08±0.01) dB m(-1) measured over 7 m by optical backscatter. Resonator measurements show a further reduction of loss to 0.037 dB m(-1), close to that of optical fibres when first considered a viable technology. Scaling this waveguide to integrated spans exceeding 250 m and attenuation rates below 0.01 dB m(-1) is discussed.