gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsaturated Esters of Sucrose (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnsaturated Esters of SucroseMorris ZiefCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 3, 1137–1140Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01159a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01159a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hollywood Theology: The Commodification of Religion in Twentieth-Century Films (2001)

A motion picture is a product formed by the intricate inter-play of film industry forces and cultural expectations. Hollywood must attract audiences and audiences crave gratification or, perhaps, edification. Movies with religious themes can deal with momentous issues, but take the risk of affronting deeply held beliefs. Problems naturally arise when matters as sensitive and speculative as the activity of the Creator and the role of the created become entertainment marketed to mass audiences. Technicolor scenery, special effects, celebrity actors, spiced-up scripts, and other big-screen production values may seem disrespectful or may divert attention away from serious reflection. Critics of consumer society have pointed to the manipulation, superficiality, and commercialization found in mass media environments and film scholars have evaluated movies with religious topics, but questions remain about cinematic treatments of ultimate meaning. The motion picture industry's customers have a multitude of spiritual perspectives.
Peptide antigens : a practical approach (1994)

Peptide antigens and anti-peptide antibodies are widely used in biochemistry and molecular biology for the measurement, location, and purification of specific oligopeptides. More recently the application of these reagents has expanded, for example in the identification and mapping of the binding sites of antibodies and T-cell receptors and in the identification and characterization of proteins which are known only by their primary structure. This volume provides practical guidance to the major techniques used in the exploitation of peptide antigens and anti-peptide antibodies. The chapters give detailed protocols for the prediction of epitopes, peptides synthesis, the preparation of peptide immunogens, immunoaffinity chromatography, immunoassays, and the mapping of epitopes using both synthetic peptides and phage display systems
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TISSUE LEVELS OF CYCLIC GMP AND TRACHEAL SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXATION IN THE GUINEA‐PIG (1986)

The effect of cyclic GMP was investigated using guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle. 8-Bromo-cyclic GMP showed a dose-dependent relaxation of spontaneous tension of tracheal smooth muscle. Administration of sodium nitroprusside induced dose-dependent relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle as well as an increase in tissue levels of cyclic GMP. Nicorandil, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) nicotinamide nitrate showed dose-dependent relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle and an increase in cyclic GMP levels in the tissue. N-(2-aminoethyl) nicotinamide dihydrochloride, which is a nicorandil derivative and differs minimally in its molecular structure (-NH2 vs -NO2), had neither a relaxant effect on tracheal smooth muscle nor did it increase the level of cyclic GMP in the tissue. The rise cyclic GMP levels preceded the relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle induced by sodium nitroprusside. These results suggest that cyclic GMP is one of the relaxant factors and that nitro-derivatives exhibit their relaxant effect on the smooth muscle mediated by an increase in cyclic GMP level.
Unconventional Methods for Fabricating and Patterning Nanostructures (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnconventional Methods for Fabricating and Patterning NanostructuresYounan Xia, John A. Rogers, Kateri E. Paul, and George M. WhitesidesView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 7, 1823–1848Publication Date (Web):May 19, 1999Publication History Received15 September 1998Revised15 March 1999Published online19 May 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr980002qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr980002qresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12534Altmetric-Citations1421LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Lithography,Manufacturing,Nanostructures,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
Platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced suppression of smooth muscle cell differentiation. (1992)

Previously, we demonstrated that treatment of postconfluent quiescent rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB dramatically reduced smooth muscle (SM) alpha-actin synthesis. In the present studies, we focused on the expression of two other SM-specific proteins, SM myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) and SM alpha-tropomyosin (SM-alpha TM), to determine whether the actions of PDGF-BB were specific to SM alpha-actin or represented a global ability of PDGF-BB to inhibit expression of cell-specific proteins characteristic of differentiated SMCs. SM-MHC and SM-alpha TM expression were assessed by one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of proteins from cells labeled with [35S]methionine, as well as by Northern analysis of mRNA levels. Synthesis of both SM-specific proteins was decreased by 50-70% in PDGF-BB--treated cells as compared with cells treated with PDGF vehicle. Treatment of cells with 10% fetal bovine serum, which produced a mitogenic effect equivalent to that of PDGF-BB, decreased SM-MHC synthesis by 40% but increased SM-alpha TM synthesis. SM-MHC and SM-alpha TM mRNA expression was decreased by 80% at 24 hours in PDGF-BB--treated postconfluent SMCs, whereas treatment with 10% fetal bovine serum did not decrease the expression of SM-alpha TM mRNA but did inhibit SM-MHC mRNA expression by 36%. Consistent with the absence of detectable PDGF alpha-receptors on these cells, PDGF-AA had no effect on either mitogenesis or expression of SM-MHC or SM-alpha TM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor α inhibit chondrogenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells through NF‐κB–dependent pathways (2009)

Cell-based repair of lesions in articular cartilage will be compromised in inflamed joints. Strategies for enabling repair under these conditions include the use of specific antagonists of individual pyrogens, such as IL-1beta and TNFalpha, or the targeting of important intracellular mediators, such as NF-kappaB.
Elevated expression of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 is associated with early hepatocarcinogenesis (2013)

Aberrant expression of regulators for epigenetics is involved in tumorigenesis. There is an urgent need to identify and characterize regulators concerned with epigenetics in the early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. In the present study, we found that the expression of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), a histone methyltransferase that functions as a cofactor for nuclear hormone receptors and several transcription factors, was elevated in adenomas and aberrant in carcinomas during hepatocellular carcinogenesis. In addition to RNA expression, immunohistochemical staining of liver sections revealed that CARM1 was highly expressed in the nucleus of tumor marker glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci. Neoplastic transformation of GST-P-positive foci guides the formation of hepatocellular carcinomas. CARM1 expression was not elevated in GST-P-negative regions. Furthermore, a luciferase reporter analysis revealed that CARM1 activated the Gst-p promoter in H4IIE, a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. This activation was mediated by the enhancer element responsible for the carcinogenic-specific expression of Gst-p and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2. Knockdown of Carm1 by shRNA in H4IIE cells inhibited cell proliferation. These findings suggest that aberrantly expressed CARM1 in tumor marker-positive cells promotes tumorigenesis in the early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis.
An Electronic Patch for Wearable Health Monitoring by Reflectance Pulse Oximetry (2011)

We report the development of an Electronic Patch for wearable health monitoring. The Electronic Patch is a new health monitoring system incorporating biomedical sensors, microelectronics, radio frequency (RF) communication, and a battery embedded in a 3-dimensional hydrocolloid polymer. In this paper the Electronic Patch is demonstrated with a new optical biomedical sensor for reflectance pulse oximetry so that the Electronic Patch in this case can measure the pulse and the oxygen saturation. The reflectance pulse oximetry solution is based on a recently developed annular backside silicon photodiode to enable low power consumption by the light emitting components. The Electronic Patch has a disposable part of soft adhesive hydrocolloid polymer and a reusable part of hard polylaurinlactam. The disposable part contains the battery. The reusable part contains the reflectance pulse oximetry sensor and microelectronics. The reusable part is 'clicked' into the disposable part when the patch is prepared for use. The patch has a size of 88 mm by 60 mm and a thickness of 5 mm.
Overexpression of the Response Regulator evgA of the Two-Component Signal Transduction System Modulates Multidrug Resistance Conferred by Multidrug Resistance Transporters (2001)

Overexpression of evgA, a response regulator of a two-component system, increased multidrug efflux in Escherichia coli. Since overexpression of the emrKY operon, which is controlled by evgAS, could account only for deoxycholate resistance, the evgAS locus apparently controls expression of at least one other multidrug efflux operon.
Combination of Protein and Viral Vaccines Induces Potent Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses and Enhanced Protection from Murine Malaria Challenge (2007)

The search for an efficacious vaccine against malaria is ongoing, and it is now widely believed that to confer protection a vaccine must induce very strong cellular and humoral immunity concurrently. We studied the immune response in mice immunized with the recombinant viral vaccines fowlpox strain FP9 and modified virus Ankara (MVA), a protein vaccine (CV-1866), or a combination of the two; all vaccines express parts of the same preerythrocytic malaria antigen, the Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein (CSP). Mice were then challenged with P. berghei sporozoites to determine the protective efficacies of different vaccine regimens. Two immunizations with the protein vaccine CV-1866, based on the hepatitis B core antigen particle, induced strong humoral immunity to the repeat region of CSP that was weakly protective against sporozoite challenge. Prime-boost with the viral vector vaccines, FP9 followed by MVA, induced strong T-cell immunity to the CD8+ epitope Pb9 and partially protected animals from challenge. Physically mixing CV-1866 with FP9 or MVA and then immunizing with the resultant combinations in a prime-boost regimen induced both cellular and humoral immunity and afforded substantially higher levels of protection (combination, 90%) than either vaccine alone (CV-1866, 12%; FP9/MVA, 37%). For diseases such as malaria in which different potent immune responses are required to protect against different stages, using combinations of partially effective vaccines may offer a more rapid route to achieving deployable levels of efficacy than individual vaccine strategies.
Tissue spreading on implantable substrates is a competitive outcome of cell–cell vs. cell–substratum adhesivity (2001)

While the interactions of cells with polymeric substrata are widely studied, the influence of cell-cell cohesiveness on tissue spreading has not been rigorously investigated. Here we demonstrate that the rate of tissue spreading over a two-dimensional substratum reflects a competition or "tug-of-war" between cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesions. We have generated both a "library" of structurally related copolymeric substrata varying in their adhesivity to cells and a library of genetically engineered cell populations varying only in cohesiveness. Cell-substratum adhesivity was varied through the poly(ethylene glycol) content of a series of copolymeric substrata, whereas cell-cell cohesiveness was varied through the expression of the homophilic cohesion molecules N- and R-cadherin by otherwise noncohesive L929 cells. In the key experiment, multicellular aggregates containing about 600 cells were allowed to spread onto copolymeric surfaces. We compared the spreading behavior of aggregates having different levels of cell-cell cohesiveness in a series of copolymeric substrata having different levels of cell-substratum adhesivity. In these experiments, cell-cell cohesiveness was measured by tissue surface tensiometry, and cell-substratum adhesivity was assessed by a distractive method. Tissue spreading was assayed by confocal microscopy as the rate of cell emigration from similar-sized, fluorescence-labeled, multicellular aggregates deposited on each of the substrata. We demonstrate that either decreasing substratum adhesivity or increasing cell-cell cohesiveness dramatically slowed the spreading rate of cell aggregates.
Graph facilitates tracking water and gas influx (1990)

Graphing the vertical distribution of reservoir volume is an easy method for estimating the acre-ft remaining to be exploited in reservoirs with water or gas encroachment. To evaluate reservoir performance and estimate oil and gas reserves in water-drive reservoirs or oil reservoirs with a gas cap, it is necessary to determine the magnitude of the movement of oil-water and gas-oil contact surfaces. In reviewing reserve estimates and reservoir studies done by others, the authors have found that very few reservoir engineers or geologists have an easy method for tracking the movement of these surfaces and estimating the volumes of oil displaced water encroachment, gas cap expansion, or the volumes of oil lost by wetting the gas cap. The following method evolved from the author's studies of the East Texas field starting in 1942, and it took this form in the early 1950s.
A Unified Framework for Multimodal Domain Adaptation (2018)

Domain adaptation aims to train a model on labeled data from a source domain while minimizing test error on a target domain. Most of existing domain adaptation methods only focus on reducing domain shift of single-modal data. In this paper, we consider a new problem of multimodal domain adaptation and propose a unified framework to solve it. The proposed multimodal domain adaptation neural networks(MDANN) consist of three important modules. (1) A covariant multimodal attention is designed to learn a common feature representation for multiple modalities. (2) A fusion module adaptively fuses attended features of different modalities. (3) Hybrid domain constraints are proposed to comprehensively learn domain-invariant features by constraining single modal features, fused features, and attention scores. Through jointly attending and fusing under an adversarial objective, the most discriminative and domain-adaptive parts of the features are adaptively fused together. Extensive experimental results on two real-world cross-domain applications (emotion recognition and cross-media retrieval) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Metrics of Retinal Image Quality Predict Visual Performance in Eyes With 20/17 or Better Visual Acuity (2006)

In eyes with 20/17 and better P HC acuity, P HC logMAR acuity is insensitive to variations in retinal image quality compared with M LC logMAR acuity. Retinal image quality becomes increasingly predictive of logMAR acuity as contrast and/or luminance is decreased. Everyday life requires individuals to function over a large range of contrast and luminance levels. Clinically, the impact of retinal image quality as a function of luminance and contrast is readily measurable in a time-efficient manner with M LC logMAR acuity charts.
Phase sensitivity to temperature of the fundamental mode in air-guiding photonic-bandgap fibers (2005)

Because in an air-core photonic-bandgap fiber the fundamental mode travels mostly in air, as opposed to silica in a conventional fiber, the phase of this mode is expected to have a much lower dependence on temperature than in a conventional fiber. We confirm with interferometric measurements in air-core fibers from two manufacturers that their thermal phase sensitivity is indeed ~3 to ~6 times smaller than in an SMF28 fiber, in agreement with an advanced theoretical model. With straightforward fiber design changes (thinner jacket and thicker outer cladding), this sensitivity could be further reduced down to ~11 times that of a standard fiber. This feature is anticipated to have important benefits in fiber optic systems and sensors, especially in the fiber optic gyroscope where it translates into a lower Shupe effect and thus a greater long-term stability.
Genes, Signals, and Lineages in Pancreas Development (2003)

Type I diabetes results from the autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which regulate blood sugar levels by secretion of insulin. Recent clinical data suggest that the disease could be cured if an adequate supply of new beta-cells were available, and one goal of pancreatic developmental biology is to understand how endogenous beta-cells are made, with the hope of making them exogenously. Much is now known about the transcriptional regulation of pancreatic organ specification, growth, and lineage allocation; less is known about intercellular signals that regulate this process, but candidates continue to emerge. Additional insights, often contradicting older models, have come from the application of new lineage-tracing techniques. Altogether, these studies also shed light on the still-elusive pancreatic stem cell, which may participate in normal organ maintenance as well as recovery from injury. A rigorous proof of the existence of such a cell, whether in vivo or in vitro, would offer real hope for the prospect of controlled beta-cell generation in a clinical setting.
Fuzzy Extractors: How to Generate Strong Keys from Biometrics and Other Noisy Data (2008)

We provide formal definitions and efficient secure techniques for - turning noisy information into keys usable for any cryptographic application, and, in particular, - reliably and securely authenticating biometric data. Our techniques apply not just to biometric information, but to any keying material that, unlike traditional cryptographic keys, is (1) not reproducible precisely and (2) not distributed uniformly. We propose two primitives: a "fuzzy extractor" reliably extracts nearly uniform randomness R from its input; the extraction is error-tolerant in the sense that R will be the same even if the input changes, as long as it remains reasonably close to the original. Thus, R can be used as a key in a cryptographic application. A "secure sketch" produces public information about its input w that does not reveal w, and yet allows exact recovery of w given another value that is close to w. Thus, it can be used to reliably reproduce error-prone biometric inputs without incurring the security risk inherent in storing them. We define the primitives to be both formally secure and versatile, generalizing much prior work. In addition, we provide nearly optimal constructions of both primitives for various measures of ``closeness'' of input data, such as Hamming distance, edit distance, and set difference.
Probe–Sample Interaction-Independent Atomic Force Microscopy–Infrared Spectroscopy: Toward Robust Nanoscale Compositional Mapping (2018)

Nanoscale topological imaging using atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with infrared (IR) spectroscopy (AFM-IR) is a rapidly emerging modality to record correlated structural and chemical images. Although the expectation is that the spectral data faithfully represents the underlying chemical composition, the sample mechanical properties affect the recorded data (known as the probe-sample-interaction effect). Although experts in the field are aware of this effect, the contribution is not fully understood. Further, when the sample properties are not well-known or when AFM-IR experiments are conducted by nonexperts, there is a chance that these nonmolecular properties may affect analytical measurements in an uncertain manner. Techniques such as resonance-enhanced imaging and normalization of the IR signal using ratios might improve fidelity of recorded data, but they are not universally effective. Here, we provide a fully analytical model that relates cantilever response to the local sample expansion which opens several avenues. We demonstrate a new method for removing probe-sample-interaction effects in AFM-IR images by measuring the cantilever responsivity using a mechanically induced, out-of-plane sample vibration. This method is then applied to model polymers and mammary epithelial cells to show improvements in sensitivity, accuracy, and repeatability for measuring soft matter when compared to the current state of the art (resonance-enhanced operation). Understanding of the sample-dependent cantilever responsivity is an essential addition to AFM-IR imaging if the identification of chemical features at nanoscale resolutions is to be realized for arbitrary samples.