gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and anticoagulant function of heparin containing block copolymers on polystyrene microspheres (2008)

approved: _____________________________________________________________________ Joseph McGuire Contact of blood with the surfaces of synthetic materials is associated with spontaneous protein adsorption, initiating platelet aggregation, the coagulation cascade, and the eventual development of a stable clot. Current therapy to inhibit implant-induced thrombosis is life-long administration of systemic anticoagulants. An alternative to the systemic administration of anticoagulant drugs is to attach a functional anticoagulant agent to the implant surface, thus imparting site-specific activity. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and an end-aminated form of UFH (HepNH2) were reacted with 2-iminothiolane (2-IT), producing free thiol groups at the sites of internal and terminal amines. Thiolation was quantified using Ellman’s assay and ophthalaldehyde. Thiolated heparin retained anticoagulant activity as shown by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and anti-Factor Xa (anti-FXa) assays. Surface immobilized, pyridyl disulfide-activated polyethylene oxide chains were used as tethers to attach heparin “end-on” to 1.15 μm polystyrene microspheres. Spectroscopic monitoring of the progress of the reaction indicated that similar amounts of UFH and HepNH2 were attached to the microspheres. The APTT assay showed no anticoagulant activity on heparinized microspheres, due either to the presence of an insufficient amount of immobilized heparin, or to steric constraints inhibiting the formation of a functional heparin-antihrombin complex. However, immobilized heparin did retain anti-FXa activity, with significantly greater activity being recorded at surfaces treated with thiolated HepNH2 than those treated with thiolated UFH.
Sensitive radioimmunoassay for measurement of circulating peptide YY. (1984)

A radioimmunoassay with sufficient sensitivity to detect the recently discovered, circulating peptide YY in the majority of healthy adults has been developed. The antiserum to synthetic peptide YY raised in rabbits essentially showed no cross-reactivity with bovine or porcine synthetic pancreatic polypeptide, neurotensin, or neuropeptide Y, but cross-reacted to the extent of 0.03% with synthetic peptide HI. The minimum detectable limit of the assay for plasma peptide YY was 20 pg/ml with coefficients of variation less than 16%. The immunoreactivity of peptide YY isolated from healthy adult plasma had a gel-filtration chromatographic profile similar to that of synthetic peptide YY. Fasting levels of peptide YY in plasma from 127 of 137 (92.7%) ostensibly healthy adults were measurable and showed a log-normal distribution. Using the maximum-likelihood estimation method, we calculated the normal range to be 13-178 pg/ml with a geometric mean value of 49 pg/ml. The fasting plasma peptide YY levels showed no significant age or sex dependency.
Metabolic Engineering of Clostridium cellulolyticum for Production of Isobutanol from Cellulose (2011)

Producing biofuels directly from cellulose, known as consolidated bioprocessing, is believed to reduce costs substantially compared to a process in which cellulose degradation and fermentation to fuel are accomplished in separate steps. Here we present a metabolic engineering example for the development of a Clostridium cellulolyticum strain for isobutanol synthesis directly from cellulose. This strategy exploits the host's natural cellulolytic activity and the amino acid biosynthesis pathway and diverts its 2-keto acid intermediates toward alcohol synthesis. Specifically, we have demonstrated the first production of isobutanol to approximately 660 mg/liter from crystalline cellulose by using this microorganism.
Water-Tolerant Solid Acid Catalysts (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWater-Tolerant Solid Acid CatalystsToshio OkuharaView Author Information Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 10, 3641–3666Publication Date (Web):September 7, 2002Publication History Received13 February 2002Revised12 June 2002Published online7 September 2002Published inissue 1 October 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0103569https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0103569research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11999Altmetric-Citations1035LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Adsorption,Catalysts,Hydrolysis,Organic reactions,Zeolites Get e-Alerts
Phase I study to determine the safety, tolerability and immunostimulatory activity of thalidomide analogue CC-5013 in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma and other advanced cancers (2004)

We assessed the safety, tolerability and efficacy of the immunomodulatory drug, CC-5013 (REVIMID trade mark ), in the treatment of patients with metastatic malignant melanoma and other advanced cancers. A total of 20 heavily pretreated patients received a dose-escalating regimen of oral CC-5013. Maximal tolerated dose, toxicity and clinical responses were evaluated and analysis of peripheral T-cell surface markers and serum for cytokines and proangiogenic factors were performed. CC-5013 was well tolerated. In all, 87% of adverse effects were classified as grade 1 or grade 2 according to Common Toxicity Criteria and there were no serious adverse events attributable to CC-5013 treatment. Six patients failed to complete the study, three because of disease progression, two withdrew consent and one was entered inappropriately and withdrawn from the study. The remaining 14 patients completed treatment without dose reduction, with one patient achieving partial remission. Evidence of T-cell activation was indicated by significantly increased serum levels of sIL-2 receptor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IL-8 in nine patients from whom serum was available. However, levels of proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and basic foetal growth factor were not consistently affected. This study demonstrates the safety, tolerability and suggests the clinical activity of CC-5013 in the treatment of refractory malignant melanoma. Furthermore, this is the first report demonstrating T-cell stimulatory activity of this class of compound in patients with advanced cancer.
Genetic Screens in Human Cells Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System (2013)

The bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system for genome editing has greatly expanded the toolbox for mammalian genetics, enabling the rapid generation of isogenic cell lines and mice with modified alleles. Here, we describe a pooled, loss-of-function genetic screening approach suitable for both positive and negative selection that uses a genome-scale lentiviral single-guide RNA (sgRNA) library. sgRNA expression cassettes were stably integrated into the genome, which enabled a complex mutant pool to be tracked by massively parallel sequencing. We used a library containing 73,000 sgRNAs to generate knockout collections and performed screens in two human cell lines. A screen for resistance to the nucleotide analog 6-thioguanine identified all expected members of the DNA mismatch repair pathway, whereas another for the DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2A) poison etoposide identified TOP2A, as expected, and also cyclin-dependent kinase 6, CDK6. A negative selection screen for essential genes identified numerous gene sets corresponding to fundamental processes. Last, we show that sgRNA efficiency is associated with specific sequence motifs, enabling the prediction of more effective sgRNAs. Collectively, these results establish Cas9/sgRNA screens as a powerful tool for systematic genetic analysis in mammalian cells.
Simple Criterion for Wurtzite-Zinc-Blende Polytypism in Semiconductors (1998)

The relative stability between wurtzite and zinc-blende structures in semiconductors is systematically investigated using a simple formula for calculating the energy difference between them. Using the well-known values of ionicity and lattice parameter for semiconductors, the energy formula gives good estimates of the energy difference for group IV, III–V and II–VI semiconductors. The calculated energy differences for 16 semiconductors agree well with those obtained by ab initio calculations in the literature. A simple criterion for wurtzite-zinc-blende polytypes in semiconductors is extracted in terms of ionicity from the formula. The criterion implies that the wurtzite structure is stabler than the zinc blende structure when the ionicity is greater than 0.319 for group IV, 0.455 for III–V and 0.652 for II–VI semiconductors.
The use of chitosan to increase the stability of calcium alginate beads with entrapped yeast cells (1996)

A method was developed for increasing the stability of calcium alginate beads with entrapped Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Polyelectrolyte complexes were used as surface-coating materials by dropping alginate into chitosan. The coacervation agent sodium triphosphate was needed for the formation of the polyelectrolyte complexes. Gel beads maintained their rigidity during ethanol production and were chemically stable in phosphate buffer. No differences in ethanol production were found between S. cerevisiae immobilized in calcium alginate and in calcium alginate coated with polyelectrolyte complexes. The maximum productivity by immobilized S. cerevisiae cells was 74.1 g of ethanol/h per g of gel beads obtained at pH 4.8-6.0 and at 30 degrees C.
Wind farm power prediction: a data‐mining approach (2008)

Abstract In this paper, models for short‐ and long‐term prediction of wind farm power are discussed. The models are built using weather forecasting data generated at different time scales and horizons. The maximum forecast length of the short‐term prediction model is 12 h, and the maximum forecast length of the long‐term prediction model is 84 h. The wind farm power prediction models are built with five different data mining algorithms. The accuracy of the generated models is analysed. The model generated by a neural network outperforms all other models for both short‐ and long‐term prediction. Two basic prediction methods are presented: the direct prediction model, whereby the power prediction is generated directly from the weather forecasting data, and the integrated prediction model, whereby the prediction of wind speed is generated with the weather data, and then the power is generated with the predicted wind speed. The direct prediction model offers better prediction performance than the integrated prediction model. The main source of the prediction error appears to be contributed by the weather forecasting data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Localization of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor in the brain (1994)

This paper describes the localization of the alpha-type peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR alpha) in the rat brain using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Expression of PPAR alpha mRNA was highest in the granular cells of the cerebellar cortex and in the dentate gyrus, with a somewhat lower expression in areas CA1-CA4 of the hippocampus. PPAR alpha mRNA was also found in some neurones of the cerebral cortex (layers II-IV) and the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex, and in the olfactory tubercle. Immunocytochemistry revealed nuclear PPAR alpha-immunoreactivity (-IR) in the same areas as seen with the in situ hybridization. Furthermore, PPAR alpha-IR was also localized in oligodendrocytes, whereas the other glial cell types appeared to lack PPAR alpha. These results suggest that peroxisome proliferators and chemicals acting similarly have effects on discrete populations of neurones. The presence of PPAR alpha in oligodendrocytes lends further support to the suggestion that peroxisomes are important in the assembly and degradation of myelin.
Evidence for the presence of a proton pump of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase type in the ruffled borders of osteoclasts. (1990)

Microsomal membrane vesicles prepared either from chicken medullary bone or isolated osteoclasts were shown to have ATP-dependent H(+)-transport activity. This activity was N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive but resistant to oligomycin and orthovanadate, suggesting a vacuolar-type ATPase. Furthermore, immunological cross-reactivity of 60- and 70-kD osteoclast membrane antigens with Neurospora crassa vacuolar ATPase was observed when analyzed by immunoblotting. Same antibodies labeled only osteoclasts in chicken and rat bone in immunohistochemistry. Immunoelectronmicroscopy localized these antigens in apical membranes of rat osteoclasts and kidney intercalated cells of inner stripe of outer medulla. Pretreatment of animals with parathyroid hormone enhanced the immunoreaction in the apical membranes of osteoclasts. No immunoreaction was seen in osteoclasts when antibodies against gastric H+,K(+)-ATPase were used. These results suggest that osteoclast resorbs bone by secreting protons through vacuolar H(+)-ATPase.
CXCR4 expression is associated with survival in familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia, but CD38 expression is not (2002)

Recent immunogenetic studies of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) suggest a dichotomy: those developing from naive, pregerminal B lymphocytes exhibiting germline configuration of Ig VHstatus (poor outcome) and those stemming from more mature, postgerminal center memory B cells with mutated Ig
Photoelastic Measurement of High Stress Profiles in Ion‐Exchanged Glass (2011)

Photoelastic fringes were directly measured to fully characterize high magnitude, steep compressive stress gradients in an ion‐exchanged glass, trade named I on‐ A rmor™. Initially, using a thick (9.9 mm) rectangular bar and circular polariscope arrangement the overall residual stress profile in a bulk specimen was determined. However, due to the relatively large thickness of the specimen, the high density of fringes (steep stress gradient) close to the edge of the specimen became too diffused to allow an accurate count of fringe order. A thinner (0.71 mm) specimen was then used along with a polarizing light microscope to enhance the fringe contrast. This arrangement yielded approximately four isochromatic fringes, representing a maximum surface compressive stress of 984 MPa, which rapidly decreased to ~300 MPa within 25 μm depth from the strengthened surface. Also, the case‐depth of the ion‐exchange process was found to be 0.8 mm. Thus, the technique was able to directly capture the extremely high residual compressive stresses generated in an ion‐exchanged glass. The current technique utilized for residual stress measurement is more objective and straightforward to implement than what is specified in ASTM standard C ‐1422, particularly for those specimens having steep stress gradients just below the strengthened surface.
Special Issue on Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (2006)

Abstract As a variant of conventional CVD, AACVD involves atomization of a liquid precursor into fine aerosol droplets that are delivered to a heated zone where evaporation, decomposition, and subsequent CVD reactions occur. In this editorial, Guest Editor Kwang‐Leong Choy provides a brief overview of the articles in this Special Issue and some of the recent advances in this dynamic field.
Low Operating Bias and Matched Input−Output Characteristics in Graphene Logic Inverters (2010)

We developed a simple and novel method to fabricate complementary-like logic inverters based on ambipolar graphene field-effect transistors (FETs). We found that the top gate stacks (with both the metal and oxide layers) can be simply prepared with only one-step deposition process and show high capacitive efficiency. By employing such a top gate as the operating terminal, the operating bias can be lowered within 2 V. In addition, the complementary p- and n-type FET pairs can be also simply fulfilled through potential superposition effect from the drain bias. The inverters can be operated, with up to 4-7 voltage gains, in both the first and third quadrants due to the ambipolarity of graphene FETs. For the first time, a match between the input and output voltages is achieved in graphene logic devices, indicating the potential in direct cascading of multiple devices for future nanoelectronic applications.
Conditional mutants of the yeast mRNA capping enzyme show that the cap enhances, but is not required for, mRNA splicing. (1996)

The 5' end of eukaryotic mRNAs are modified by the addition of a 7-methyl guanosine (m7G) cap. The role of the cap in translation has been well established. Additionally, studies conducted in vitro or in microinjected Xenopus oocytes have implicated the cap in RNA processing and transport. To determine the fate of uncapped mRNA in intact yeast cells, conditional alleles of the gene encoding the capping enzyme guanylyltransferase subunit (CEG1) were generated. RNA analysis of temperature-sensitive ceg1 strains revealed an accumulation of unspliced pre-mRNAs and a corresponding decrease in spliced mRNAs at the restrictive temperature. A substantial proportion of spliced mRNA was also uncapped. Therefore, the cap appears to stimulate, but is not absolutely required for, splicing in vivo. In addition, steady-state levels of several mRNAs were decreased, perhaps due to increased degradation of uncapped mRNAs. In contrast to splicing, mRNA polyadenylation and transport to the cytoplasm were unaffected.
PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION OF KERATINS (1969)

Abstract— Twenty‐nine samples of fur, hair. wool and feathers have been irradiated with a Sunlamp (Λ max. 310 nm) and with a 2 kW mercury vapour lamp emitting mixed U.V. and visible radiation resembling sunlight. Photodegradation is accompanied by progressive yellowing when irradiated with the Sunlamp. It is accompanied by bleaching followed by yellowing, or by bleaching throughout irradiation if the initial yellowness is high, when exposed to the 2 kW lamp. A group of nine fur and hair samples, representing four different orders of mammals, are the most sensitive to yellowing, followed by a group of ten wool and hair samples from the Artiodactyla and finally by the feather keratins which are less susceptible than the α‐keratins. Amino acid analysis of the keratins before and after Sunlamp irradiation shows strong correlation of yellowing both with the initial concentration of tryptophan and with its destruction during irradiation. Similar correlations of yellowing with destruction of other amino acids are less significant. Preliminary washing with non‐ionic detergent increases susceptibility to u.v. yellowing.
Purification and properties of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin B. (1986)

Toxin B, a potent cytotoxin produced by Clostridium difficile, was purified to homogeneity from 6-day broth cultures of a toxigenic isolate. Cytotoxin was purified approximately 4000-fold by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography on a Mono Q anion-exchange column. The molecular weight of reduced purified toxin was 50,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, compared to 150,000 for unreduced toxin. Dose-response studies indicated that subpicogram concentrations of purified toxin caused rounding of approximately 20,000 IMR-90 fibroblasts. The phenomenon of cell rounding caused by toxin B was correlated with the ratio of globular to filamentous actin in fibroblasts as measured by two techniques. The toxin caused a significant increase in the ratio of globular to filamentous actin which was nearly completed prior to the onset of rounding. We conclude that cell rounding of fibroblasts exposed to toxin B is related to an increase in the ratio of globular to filamentous actin which is produced by small numbers of toxin molecules/cell.
Compositionally controlled FePt nanoparticle materials (2001)

High temperature solution phase decomposition of Fe(CO)/sub 5/ and reduction of Pt(acac)/sub 2/ in the presence of stabilizers, oleic acid and oleyl amine, are employed to produce 4 nm diameter FePt nanoparticles. The Fe and Pt composition of the nanoparticle materials can be tuned by adjusting the molar ratio of Fe(CO)/sub 5/ to Pt(acac)/sub 2/, and the compositions ranging from Fe/sub 30/Pt/sub 70/ to Fe/sub 80/Pt/sub 20/ are obtained. The nanoparticle materials are easily dispersed into alkane solvent, facilitating their self-organization into nanoparticle superlattices. As synthesized FePt nanoparticles possess a disordered fcc structure and show superparamagnetic behavior. Thermal annealing induces a change of internal particle structure and thus of the magnetic properties of the particles. Composition dependent structure analysis shows that an annealed FePt nanoparticle assembly with a composition around Fe/sub 55/Pt/sub 45/ will lead to the highly ordered fct phase. This Fe/sub 55/Pt/sub 45/ nanoparticle assembly yields high coercivity, and will be a candidate for future ultra-high density magnetic recording media applications.
MicroRNAs Show Mutually Exclusive Expression Patterns in the Brain of Adult Male Rats (2009)

The results indicate that some miRNAs could be important for area-specific functions in the brain. Our data, combined with previous studies in mice, provides additional guidance for future investigations of miRNA functions in the brain.
Rapid fusion of 2D X-ray fluoroscopy with 3D multislice CT for image-guided electrophysiology procedures (2007)

Interventional cardiac electrophysiology (EP) procedures are typically performed under X-ray fluoroscopy for visualizing catheters and EP devices relative to other highly-attenuating structures such as the thoracic spine and ribs. These projections do not however contain information about soft-tissue anatomy and there is a recognized need for fusion of conventional fluoroscopy with pre-operatively acquired cardiac multislice computed tomography (MSCT) volumes. Rapid 2D-3D integration in this application would allow for real-time visualization of all catheters present within the thorax in relation to the cardiovascular anatomy visible in MSCT. We present a method for rapid fusion of 2D X-ray fluoroscopy with 3DMSCT that can facilitate EP mapping and interventional procedures by reducing the need for intra-operative contrast injections to visualize heart chambers and specialized systems to track catheters within the cardiovascular anatomy. We use hardware-accelerated ray-casting to compute digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) from the MSCT volume and iteratively optimize the rigid-body pose of the volumetric data to maximize the similarity between the MSCT-derived DRR and the intra-operative X-ray projection data.