gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary structure of rat hepatocyte growth factor and induction of its mRNA during liver regeneration following hepatic injury (1990)

Overlapping cDNA clones for rat hepatocyte growth factor (rHGF) were isolated by cross‐hybridization with the cloned cDNA for human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) and the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA was determined. The entire primary structure of rHGF was deduced from the sequence. Comparison of the amino acid sequences between rat and human HGFs revealed that the two sequences are highly conserved throughout the protein structures, suggesting that rat and human HGFs may be functionally similar. Responses of the rHGF mRNA during liver regeneration in rats were examined by Northern blot hybridization analysis with the aid of the cDNA probe for rHGF. The mRNA levels increased in the liver and spleen but not in the kidney after administration of carbon tetrachloride. At the maximum level of induction, the rHGF mRNA increased in the liver about 4.5‐fold over its normal level. The mRNA levels also increased in the liver and spleen after administration of d ‐galactosamine. On the other hand, no obvious increase of the mRNA was observed in the liver and spleen after partial hepatectomy. These observations suggest that HGF may function as a regulator of liver regeneration following hepatic injury caused by hepatotoxins.
HIV env glycoprotein shares a cross‐reacting epitope with a surface protein present on activated human monocytes and involved in antigen presentation (1987)

A serological cross-reactivity between env gp120 glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a human cellular surface protein has been defined by a monoclonal antibody (M38) raised against HIV. The cellular antigen is a protein of ca. 80 kDa expressed on a small fraction of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood and in lymph nodes. The protein behaves as an activation antigen of the monocytic lineage since it is expressed by monocytes in plastic-adherent culture conditions and by interferon-gamma-treated monocytes and pro-monocytic U937 cells. The protein is involved in antigen presentation since the antibody efficiently inhibits the proliferation of responsive lymphocytes in autologous tetanus toxoid presentation assays. In the T lymphoblastoid line H9, the protein is present in very small amounts, is not induced by interferon-gamma and increases after HIV infection. Sera from lymphoadenopathy syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients fail to detect the cellular protein, although containing antibodies reacting with gp120. We propose that both viral and cellular structures recognized by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) are involved in interactions with CD4 molecules of T helper lymphocytes and that such molecular mimicry might be relevant in the pathology of HIV infection. This view is supported by the finding that BL/10T4, a CD4-specific mAb, binds to M38 neutralizing its interactions with HIV and with monocytes. mAb M38 thus behaves as the internal image of CD4. This single property would explain all its diverse binding characteristics.
Modeling Transient Pupillary Light Reflex Induced by a Short Light Flash (2010)

A pupillary light reflex (PLR) model was proposed in this paper by considering the iris muscle mechanical properties and modulation inputs from both parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. The model can describe very well the experimental PLR responses induced by a short light flash of various intensities. In addition, an inverse method was developed to fit numerically this model to experimental PLR data. The model was tested in experimental human PLR data to extract separately the parasympathetic and sympathetic modulations during PLR. The results indicated a higher parasympathetic and a lower sympathetic activity in females than in males, which was consistent with previous findings in cardiovascular studies. This new model may help improve our understanding of the PLR process and could be applied to analyze autonomic nervous interaction during pupillary responses.
THE ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA: II. TWO PAIRS OF TWO EQUIVALENT NUCLEI (1957)

This paper deals with the analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of two pairs of two equivalent nuclei (of spin [Formula: see text])whose relative chemical shift is of the same order as the spin-coupling constants of the system (A 2 B 2 in the notation of Part I). The complete matrix is set up and correlated with the results of McConnell, McLean, and Reilly (4) for the corresponding theory with large chemical shiftsThe proton resonance spectrum of naphthalene is reported and is analyzed as an A 2 B 2 system on the hypothesis that spin couplings between protons on different rings are negligible. A complete analysis of the spectrum of o-dichlorobenzene, which represents a further example of an A 2 B 2 , system, is also given. The spectrum of 1-chloro-2-bromoethane at room temperature is also analyzed as an A 2 B 2 system.
Hydrolysis of human and pig brain natriuretic peptides, urodilatin, C-type natriuretic peptide and some C-receptor ligands by endopeptidase-24.11 (1993)

Endopeptidase-24.11 (E-24.11, EC 3.4.24.11) is widely believed to play a physiological role in metabolizing atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Since the discovery of ANP, new natriuretic peptides have been isolated and other peptides synthesized as receptor ligands. The hydrolysis in vitro of six related peptides by the endopeptidase has been studied, mainly by h.p.l.c. The initial attack on the 32-residue form of pig brain natriuretic peptide (pBNP-32) was shown to be at the Ser20-Leu21 bond, as had been previously shown for the 26-residue form. In contrast, human brain natriuretic peptide-32 (hBNP-32), which differs in ten residues from pBNP-32, was attacked first at the Met4-Val5 bond, releasing the N-terminal tetrapeptide, and only later at bonds within the ring: at Arg17-Ile18 and subsequently at four other sites. Urodilatin, which has a four-residue extension at the N-terminus compared with alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide-28 (alpha-hANP), was degraded at about half the rate of the latter, though the C-terminal Phe-Arg-Tyr was released at the same rate. The 22-residue C-type natriuretic peptide was hydrolysed more rapidly than alpha-hANP, as were two C-receptor ligands (peptides with deletions within the ring): C-ANP4-23 (rANP4-23 des-Gln18,Ser19,Gly20,Leu21,Gly22) and SC 46542 (hANP5-28 des-Phe8,Gly9,Ala17,Gln18). Angiotensin-converting enzyme failed to hydrolyse pBNP-32, hBNP-32 or 125I-rat (r) ANP, even after prolonged incubation. Km and kcat values were determined for the hydrolysis of alpha-hANP, porcine BNP-26, porcine BNP-32 and 125I-rANP by E-24.11. Ki values were determined for six peptides, alpha-hANP, urodilatin, hBNP-32, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), SC 46542 and C-type natriuretic peptide (C-ANP4-23), in radiometric assays of E-24.11 with either [125I] insulin B chain or [125I] rANP as substrate. The Ki values (2.5-13 microM) for CNP were the lowest of any of the group, whereas those for hBNP-32 (151-172 microM) were the highest. The physiological significance of these results is discussed, especially in regard to the relative resistance of hBNP-32 to attack and the ability of the C-receptor ligands to compete with natriuretic peptides for hydrolysis by E-24.11.
Activation of NF-κB by Phosphatase Inhibitors Involves the Phosphorylation of IκBα at Phosphatase 2A-sensitive Sites (1995)

Activation of NF-kappa B by various cellular stimuli involves the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of its inhibitor, I kappa B alpha, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, the role of serine/threonine phosphatases in the regulation of I kappa B alpha phosphorylation was investigated. Our studies demonstrate that incubation of human T cells with low concentrations (approximately 1-5 nM) of calyculin A or okadaic acid, potent inhibitors of protein phosphatase type 1 (PP-1) and type 2A (PP-2A), induces the phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha even in the absence of any cellular stimulus. This action of the phosphatase inhibitors, which is associated with the activation of the RelA.p50 NF-kappa B heterodimer, is not affected by agents that block the induction of I kappa B alpha phosphorylation by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Furthermore, the phosphorylated I kappa B alpha from calyculin A-treated cells, but not that from TNF-alpha-stimulated cells, is sensitive to PP-2A in vitro, suggesting the existence of fundamental differences in the phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha induced by the two different NF-kappa B inducers. However, induction of I kappa B alpha phosphorylation by both TNF-alpha and the phosphatase inhibitors is associated with the subsequent degradation of I kappa B alpha. We further demonstrate that TNF-alpha- and calyculin A-induced I kappa B alpha degradation exhibits similar but not identical sensitivities to a proteasome inhibitor. Together, these results suggest that phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha, mediated through both the TNF-alpha-inducible and the PP-2A-opposing kinases, may serve to target I kappa B alpha for proteasome-mediated degradation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Heteroannulation of Acetylenic Compounds: A Facile Method for the Synthesis of Benzofurans. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thrombosis in primary myelofibrosis: incidence and risk factors (2009)

We assessed frequency and predictive factors for major cardiovascular (CV) events in 707 patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) followed in 4 European institutions. A total of 236 deaths (33%) were recorded for an overall mortality of 7.7% patient-years (pt-yr). Fatal and nonfatal thromboses were registered in 51 (7.2%) patients, with a rate of 1.75% pt-yr. If deaths from non-CV causes were considered as competing events, we estimated that the adjusted rate of major thrombotic events would have been 2.2% pt-yr. In a multivariable model, age older than 60 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-4.39, P = .01) and JAK2 mutational status (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.10-3.34; P = .02) were significantly associated with thrombosis, whereas the strength of the association between leukocyte count higher than 15 x 10(9)/L and CV events was of borderline significance (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 0.97-2.72; P = .06). The highest incidence of fatal and nonfatal thrombosis was observed when the mutation was present along with leukocytosis (3.9% pt-yr; HR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.26-7.81). This study is the largest hitherto carried out in this setting and shows that the rate of major CV events in PMF is comparable with that reported in essential thrombocythemia, and it is increased in aged patients and those with JAK2 V617F mutation and leukocytosis.
Control of the Particle Distribution in Inkjet Printing through an Evaporation-Driven Sol–Gel Transition (2014)

A ring stain is often an undesirable consequence of droplet drying. Particles inside evaporating droplets with a pinned contact line are transported toward the periphery by radial flow. In this paper, we demonstrate how suspensions of laponite can be used to control the radial flow inside picoliter droplets and produce uniform deposits. The improvement in homogeneity arises from a sol-gel transition during evaporation. Droplets gel from the contact line inward, reducing the radial motion of particles and thus inhibiting the formation of a ring stain. The internal flows and propagation of the gelling front were followed by high-speed imaging of tracer particles during evaporation of the picoliter droplets of water. In the inkjet nozzle, the laponite network is broken down under high shear. Recovery of the low shear viscosity of laponite suspensions was shown to be fast with respect to the lifetime of the droplet, which was instrumental in controlling the deposit morphology. The radial and vertical particle distributions within dried deposits were measured for water droplets loaded with 1 and 5 wt % polystyrene spheres and various concentrations of laponite. Aggregation of the polystyrene spheres was suppressed by the addition of colloidal silica. The formulation can be tuned to vary the deposit profile from a ring to a pancake or a dome.
Proteins in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in demented patients with Down's syndrome (1984)

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 19 Down's syndrome (DS) patients over 35 years old, were examined because of progressive dementia. Immunoglobulins, haptoglobin, transferrin, prealbumin and albumin were quantitated nephelometrically. The results were compared to those obtained for age-matched controls without neurological disease. The concentration of IgG was elevated in the DS serum and CSF, while that of IgA was elevated only in the serum. The level of transferrin was decreased in the DS serum and CSF, and that of albumin in the serum. IgM, haptoglobin and prealbumin concentrations were normal in the DS serum and CSF. No evidence of transudation of proteins into CSF and of their increased intrathecal synthesis was noted. These changes appear not to be associated with the development of dementia in DS.
Protective antibodies in human sera against encapsulated strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis (1987)

Passive protective antibodies in 100 samples of normal human sera against challenge with three representative capsular type strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis in mice were examined. Six of them passively protected mice against capsular type I; 17 protected against capsular type II; one against capsular type III; and one against both capsular types I and II. The activities were sensitive to 2-mercaptoethanol and were absorbed out either with rabbit anti-human IgG serum, rabbit anti-human IgA serum or rabbit anti-human IgM serum. Also, the sera activities absorbed out with cell surface polysaccharide extracted from three representative capsular type strains. These results indicate that the protective activities were specifically related to three major immunoglobulins against the above cell surface polysaccharides.
Hyperphosphorylation and Aggregation of Tau in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2004)

Axonal damage is a major morphological correlate and cause of permanent neurological deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a multifocal, inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Hyperphosphorylation and pathological aggregation of microtubule-associated protein tau is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases with axonal degeneration including Alzheimer's disease. We have therefore analyzed tau phosphorylation, solubility and distribution in the brainstem of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Tau was hyperphosphorylated at several sites also phosphorylated in Alzheimer's disease and became partially detergent-insoluble in EAE brains. Morphological examination demonstrated accumulation of amorphous deposits of abnormally phosphorylated tau in the cell body and axons of neurons within demyelinating plaques. Hyperphosphorylation of tau was accompanied by up-regulation of p25, an activator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5. Phosphorylation of tau, activation of cdk5, and axonal pathology were significantly reduced when diseased rats were treated with prednisolone, a standard therapy of acute relapses in MS. Hyperphosphorylation of tau was not observed in a genetic or nutritional model of axonal degeneration or demyelination, suggesting that inflammation as detected in the brains of rats with EAE is the specific trigger of tau pathology. In summary, our data provide evidence that axonal damage in EAE and possibly MS is linked to tau pathology.
Therapeutic hypothermia for comatose survivors after cardiac arrest. (2007)

MIH, using an external cooling system, is simple and feasible, reduces mortality and protects neurological function. Four major factors seem to influence outcome: age, co-morbidities, duration of hypothermia, and possibly the length of time from collapse to return of spontaneous circulation.
Alvetex®: Polystyrene Scaffold Technology for Routine Three Dimensional Cell Culture (2010)

A broad range of technologies have been developed to enable three dimensional (3D) cell culture. Few if any however are adaptable for routine everyday use in a straightforward and cost effective manner. Alvetex(®) is a rigid highly porous polystyrene scaffold designed specifically to enable routine 3D cell culture. The scaffold is engineered into thin membranes that fit into conventional cell culture plasticware. The material is inert and offers a polystyrene substrate familiar to cell biologists worldwide. The 3D geometry of the scaffold provides the environment in which cells grow, differentiate, and function to form close relationships with adjacent cells thus creating the equivalent of a thin tissue layer in vitro. This chapter introduces the features required by a technology that enables routine 3D cell culture. Using Alvetex(®) as a product that satisfies these requirements, its application is demonstrated for the growth of a recognised cell line. Procedures detailing the use of Alvetex(®) for 3D cell culture are provided. This is followed by a series of detailed methods describing ways to analyse such cultures including histological techniques, immunocytochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy. Examples of data generated from these methods are shown in the corresponding figures. Additional notes are also included where further information about certain procedures is required. The use of Alvetex(®) in combination with these methods will enable investigators to routinely produce complex 3D cultures to research the growth, differentiation, and function of cells in new ways.
Coordinating properties of the amide bond. Stability and structure of metal ion complexes of peptides and related ligands (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoordinating properties of the amide bond. Stability and structure of metal ion complexes of peptides and related ligandsHelmut Sigel and R. Bruce MartinCite this: Chem. Rev. 1982, 82, 4, 385–426Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00050a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00050a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9352Altmetric-Citations1348LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simulation of the growth pattern of a single cell of Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions (1985)

A computer model based on a previous model for aerobic growth of Escherichia coli is described which simulates cell composition, size, and shape; length of C and D periods; cell yields; and the rate of product formation of anaerobically grown cells of E. coli B/r-A on glucose-limited minimal medium. To verify the simulation results, the values of cell volume, cell content of DNA, RNA, and protein, substrate yield, ATP yield, and fermentation products for various growth rates were obtained experimentally. Model predictions are in good agreement with experimental results. Such agreement supports a hypothesis that only those equations describing energy metabolism need to be modified and other cell functions are not grossly altered by a switch from aerobic to an aerobic growth. The model's ability to predict reasonable growth responses under anaerobic conditions by only modifying energy metabolism is a further indication of the robust nature of the description of cell physiology included in the development of the aerobic model.
The HSP90 Inhibitor XL888 Overcomes BRAF Inhibitor Resistance Mediated through Diverse Mechanisms (2012)

HSP90 inhibition may be a highly effective strategy at managing the diverse array of resistance mechanisms being reported to BRAF inhibitors and appears to be more effective at restoring BIM expression and downregulating Mcl-1 expression than combined MEK/PI3K inhibitor therapy.
Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Degradation in Rhizobium (Sinorhizobium) meliloti : Isolation and Characterization of a Gene Encoding 3-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase (1999)

We have cloned and sequenced the 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase-encoding gene (bdhA) from Rhizobium (Sinorhizobium) meliloti. The gene has an open reading frame of 777 bp that encodes a polypeptide of 258 amino acid residues (molecular weight 27,177, pI 6.07). The R. meliloti Bdh protein exhibits features common to members of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase superfamily. bdhA is the first gene transcribed in an operon that also includes xdhA, encoding xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase. Transcriptional start site analysis by primer extension identified two transcription starts. S1, a minor start site, was located 46 to 47 nucleotides upstream of the predicted ATG start codon, while S2, the major start site, was mapped 148 nucleotides from the start codon. Analysis of the sequence immediately upstream of either S1 or S2 failed to reveal the presence of any known consensus promoter sequences. Although a sigma54 consensus sequence was identified in the region between S1 and S2, a corresponding transcript was not detected, and a rpoN mutant of R. meliloti was able to utilize 3-hydroxybutyrate as a sole carbon source. The R. meliloti bdhA gene is able to confer upon Escherichia coli the ability to utilize 3-hydroxybutyrate as a sole carbon source. An R. meliloti bdhA mutant accumulates poly-3-hydroxybutyrate to the same extent as the wild type and shows no symbiotic defects. Studies with a strain carrying a lacZ transcriptional fusion to bdhA demonstrated that gene expression is growth phase associated.