gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Position and pressure effects in rf magnetron reactive sputter deposition of piezoelectric zinc oxide (1984)

c-axis oriented thin films of piezoelectric ZnO have been deposited on room-temperature substrates by rf magnetron sputtering of zinc in a reactive ambient of 100% oxygen over a pressure range from 5–70 mTorr. Below 10 mTorr the film structure, orientation, and physical properties depend on the position of the substrates with respect to the target. This is attributed primarily to resputtering of the film in the region of the target erosion area by high-energy neutral oxygen. At higher pressures where the mean free path inhibits such effects, the film structure and properties are uniform. At 700-W sputtering power, the optimum pressure lies between 20–30 mTorr leading to highly oriented ZnO over a large area of plasma with a dielectric constant of 11, conductivity at 300 °C=2×10−10 Ω−1 cm−1, and Rayleigh wave velocity=2600 m/s. The films are characterized using optical transmittance, electrical conductivity, dielectric constant and SAW, and acoustic microscope measurements.
Abnormal Changes of Brain Cortical Anatomy and the Association with Plasma MicroRNA107 Level in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (2016)

http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01819545.
Acoustical Society of America Silver Medal in Speech Communication (2011)

The Silver Medal is presented to individuals, without age limitation, for contributions to the advancement of science, engineering, or human welfare through the application of acoustic principles, or through research accomplishment in acoustics.
Novel POLG1 mutations associated with neuromuscular and liver phenotypes in adults and children (2009)

The addition of these substitutions-including the first report of a dinucleotide mutation (c.1814_1815TT>GC)-to the growing list of defects further confirms the importance of POLG1 mutations as the underlying abnormality in a range of neurological presentations.
Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria following measles immunization. (1972)

Immunization with live attenuated measles vaccine is generally considered to be a safe procedure, and though a mild measles-like illness may follow immunization, severe reactions are rare (Dudgeon, 1969). Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria has pre- viously been reported in association with natural measles infection (Dacie, 1954; O'Neill and Marshall, 1967); we report here a case after measles immunization.
GASTROINTESTINAL CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT FOR NMR IMAGING USING NONTOXIC ORAL IRON SOLUTIONS (1983)

Wesbey, George M.D.; Brasch, Robert M.D.; Engelstad, Barry M.D.; Moss, Albert M.D.; Crooks, Lawrence Ph.D; Brito, Antonio B.S.
Blood flow determination by the laser speckle method. (1990)

Blood flow within the skin is measured by evaluating the dynamics of the laser speckle pattern. Laser light scattered from an object with a rough surface forms a granular structure--the speckles. When the object is moving, the speckle pattern becomes dependent on time. The measurements are performed at a distance of 6 cm which is adjusted by an auxiliary beam. The laser beam forms a spot on the skin with a diameter of approximately 1.5 mm and penetrates the skin. Part of the light is scattered back to the surface by the blood cells in the capillaries. The time dependent speckle intensity I(t) is determined by a photomultiplier. The comparison of spectra of I(t) obtained from measurements on the skin and on adhesive tape attached to the skin shows that there is a "tissue movement", the velocity of which has the same order of magnitude as the blood velocity in the capillaries. This has to be considered when measuring blood flow by the speckle method. Electronic signal processing reduces the influence from tissue movement and yields a value M being a relative measure of the blood flow. The time course of M during ischemia and reactive hyperaemia is compared with concurrent measurements of the skin temperature, the transcutaneous oxygen tension, and the laser Doppler signal. They exhibit similar tracings. Investigations in patients with leg ulcers show that measurements in open wounds can be performed.
Intracranial Hypertension in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2008)

The association of SLE and IH may occur more than by chance alone. Steroid withdrawal in the treatment of the SLE may be a predisposing or precipitating factor in the development of IH in these patients rather than the inflammatory effects of SLE per se. The hypercoagulable state in some patients with SLE may also produce cerebral venous sinus thrombosis as an additional potential mechanism of IH.
Polyamine depletion in human melanoma cells leads to G1 arrest associated with induction of p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1, changes in the expression of p21-regulated genes, and a senescence-like phenotype. (2001)

The cell cycle regulatory events that interface with polyamine requirements for cell growth have not yet been clearly identified. Here we use specific inhibitors of polyamine biosynthetic enzymes to investigate the effect of polyamine pool depletion on cell cycle regulation. Treatment of MALME-3M cells with either the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine or the S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitor MDL-73811 lowered specific polyamine pools and slowed cell growth but did not induce cell cycle arrest. By contrast, treatment with the combination of inhibitors halted cell growth and caused a distinct G1 arrest. The latter was associated with marked reduction of all three polyamine pools, a strong increase in p21(WAF1/CIP1/SDI1) (p21), and hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. All effects were fully prevented by exogenous polyamines. p21 induction preceded p53 stabilization in MALME-3M cells and also occurred in a polyamine-depleted, p53-nonfunctional melanoma cell line, indicating that p21 is induced at least in part through p53-independent mechanisms. Conditional overexpression of p21 in a fibrosarcoma cell line was shown previously to inhibit the expression of multiple proliferation-associated genes and to induce the expression of genes associated with various aspects of cell senescence and organism aging. Polyamine depletion in MALME-3M cells was associated with inhibition of seven of seven tested p21-inhibited genes and with induction of 13 of 14 tested p21-induced genes. p21 expression is also known to induce a senescence-like phenotype, and phenotypic features of senescence were observed in polyamine-depleted MALME-3M cells. Cells increased in size, appeared more granular, and expressed senescence-associated beta-galactosidase. Cells released from the polyamine inhibition lost the ability to form colonies, failed to replicate their DNA, and approximately 25% became bi- or multinucleated. These events parallel the outcome of prolonged p21 induction in fibrosarcoma cells. The results of this study indicate that polyamine pool depletion achieved by specific biosynthetic enzyme inhibitors causes p21-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest followed by p21-mediated changes in gene expression, development of a senescence-like phenotype, and loss of cellular proliferative capacity.
Postmitotic death is the fate of constitutively proliferating cells in the subependymal layer of the adult mouse brain (1992)

The early development of the mammalian forebrain involves the massive proliferation of the ventricular zone cells lining the lateral ventricles. A remnant of this highly proliferative region persists into adult life, where it is known as the subependymal layer. We examined the proliferation kinetics and fates of the mitotically active cells in the subependyma of the adult mouse. The medial edge, the lateral edge, and the dorsolateral corner of the subependymal layer of the rostral portion of the lateral ventricle each contained mitotically active cells, but the dorsolateral region had the highest percentage of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled cells per unit area. Repeated injections of BrdU over 14 hr revealed a proliferation curve for the dorsolateral population with a growth fraction of 33%, indicating that 33% of the cells in this subependymal region make up the proliferating population. The total cell cycle time in this population was approximately 12.7 hr, with an S-phase of 4.2 hr. To examine the fate of these proliferating cells, we injected low concentrations of a replication-deficient, recombinant retrovirus directly into the lateral ventricles of adult mice for uptake by mitotically active subependymal cells. Regardless of the survival time postinjection (10 hr, 1 d, 2 d, or 8 d), the number of retrovirally labeled cells per clone remained the same (1 or 2 cells/clone). This suggests that one of the progeny from each cell division dies. Moreover, the clones remained confined to the subependyma and labeled cells were not seen in the surrounding brain tissue. Thus, while 33% of the dorsolateral subependymal cells continue to proliferate in adult life, the fate of the postmitotic progeny is death.
Identification of Bacillus anthracis strains in China (1999)

As part of a project to establish a reference strain collection, phenotypic, biochemical and genetic analyses were carried out on 84 strains of Bacillus anthracis, 81 of them of Chinese origin from various sources. Particular differences from reports on isolates of other origins were the possession of fimbriae and single polar flagella with consequent motility in 77, self-agglutination by 64 and failure to ferment maltose in 60 of the Chinese strains. The findings were considered to be of significance to identification, classification and evolution of B. anthracis.
Quantized Neural Networks: Training Neural Networks with Low Precision Weights and Activations (2016)

We introduce a method to train Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) --- neural networks with extremely low precision (e.g., 1-bit) weights and activations, at run-time. At train-time the quantized weights and activations are used for computing the parameter gradients. During the forward pass, QNNs drastically reduce memory size and accesses, and replace most arithmetic operations with bit-wise operations. As a result, power consumption is expected to be drastically reduced. We trained QNNs over the MNIST, CIFAR-10, SVHN and ImageNet datasets. The resulting QNNs achieve prediction accuracy comparable to their 32-bit counterparts. For example, our quantized version of AlexNet with 1-bit weights and 2-bit activations achieves $51\%$ top-1 accuracy. Moreover, we quantize the parameter gradients to 6-bits as well which enables gradients computation using only bit-wise operation. Quantized recurrent neural networks were tested over the Penn Treebank dataset, and achieved comparable accuracy as their 32-bit counterparts using only 4-bits. Last but not least, we programmed a binary matrix multiplication GPU kernel with which it is possible to run our MNIST QNN 7 times faster than with an unoptimized GPU kernel, without suffering any loss in classification accuracy. The QNN code is available online.
Fetal Fraction in Maternal Plasma Cell-Free DNA at 11–13 Weeks’ Gestation: Effect of Maternal and Fetal Factors (2012)

The fetal fraction in maternal plasma cfDNA increases with serum PAPP-A and free β-hCG and decreases with maternal weight.
Metabolic reconstruction of aromatic compounds degradation from the genome of the amazing pollutant-degrading bacteriumCupriavidus necatorJMP134 (2008)

Cupriavidus necator JMP134 is a model for chloroaromatics biodegradation, capable of mineralizing 2,4-D, halobenzoates, chlorophenols and nitrophenols, among other aromatic compounds. We performed the metabolic reconstruction of aromatics degradation, linking the catabolic abilities predicted in silico from the complete genome sequence with the range of compounds that support growth of this bacterium. Of the 140 aromatic compounds tested, 60 serve as a sole carbon and energy source for this strain, strongly correlating with those catabolic abilities predicted from genomic data. Almost all the main ring-cleavage pathways for aromatic compounds are found in C. necator: the beta-ketoadipate pathway, with its catechol, chlorocatechol, methylcatechol and protocatechuate ortho ring-cleavage branches; the (methyl)catechol meta ring-cleavage pathway; the gentisate pathway; the homogentisate pathway; the 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionate pathway; the (chloro)hydroxyquinol pathway; the (amino)hydroquinone pathway; the phenylacetyl-CoA pathway; the 2-aminobenzoyl-CoA pathway; the benzoyl-CoA pathway and the 3-hydroxyanthranilate pathway. A broad spectrum of peripheral reactions channel substituted aromatics into these ring cleavage pathways. Gene redundancy seems to play a significant role in the catabolic potential of this bacterium. The literature on the biochemistry and genetics of aromatic compounds degradation is reviewed based on the genomic data. The findings on aromatic compounds biodegradation in C. necator reviewed here can easily be extrapolated to other environmentally relevant bacteria, whose genomes also possess a significant proportion of catabolic genes.
Tumor‐specific expression of the RGD‐α3(IV)NC1 domain suppresses endothelial tube formation and tumor growth in mice (2006)

Angiogenesis plays an essential role in tumor growth. This study investigated expression of the noncollagenous domain of alpha3(IV) collagen (alpha3(IV)NC1) transduced into tumors and its inhibition of tumor growth. We hypothesized that if a human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter-driven RGD motif containing alpha3(IV)NC1 (hTERT/RGD-alpha3(IV)NC1) were expressed in telomerase-expressing tumor cells, it would inhibit tumor growth by its anti-angiogenic property. Adenoviral transduction of hTERT/RGD-alpha3(IV)NC1 expressed RGD-alpha3(IV)NC1 in hTERT-positive tumor cell lines. However, hTERT/RGD-alpha3(IV)NC1 did not express RGD-alpha3(IV)NC1 in hTERT-negative cells such as keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The secreted RGD-alpha3(IV)NC1 in the conditioned medium from tumor cells inhibited cell proliferation as well as tube formation in cultured endothelial cells, but had no effect on other types of cells. In an in vivo model, adenoviral hTERT/RGD-alpha3(IV)NC1 gene therapy showed limited expression of RGD-alpha3(IV)NC1 in tumors and resulted in a significant decrease of vessel density in tumors. The growth of subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors in nude mice was significantly suppressed by treatment with hTERT/RGD-alpha3(IV)NC1. In addition, long-term inhibition of tumor growth was achieved by intermittent administration of hTERT/RGD-alpha3(IV)NC1. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that tumor-specific anti-angiogenic gene therapy utilizing RGD-alpha3(IV)NC1 under the hTERT promoter inhibited angiogenesis in tumors, resulting in an antitumor effect.
Reconfigurable all-optical network design, integration and demonstration (1994)

Summary form only given. We present here for the first time the system demonstration of a network testbed that comprises of a four-node, two-ring and five WDM X-Cs, and four ATM/SONET switches to perform reconfigurable user-requested multimedia services. The objective here is to study the characteristics of rearrangeability and control algorithms through wavelength re-use and wavelength translation in a network testbed.
A Specialized Citric Acid Cycle Requiring Succinyl-Coenzyme A (CoA):Acetate CoA-Transferase (AarC) Confers Acetic Acid Resistance on the Acidophile Acetobacter aceti (2008)

Microbes tailor macromolecules and metabolism to overcome specific environmental challenges. Acetic acid bacteria perform the aerobic oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid and are generally resistant to high levels of these two membrane-permeable poisons. The citric acid cycle (CAC) is linked to acetic acid resistance in Acetobacter aceti by several observations, among them the oxidation of acetate to CO2 by highly resistant acetic acid bacteria and the previously unexplained role of A. aceti citrate synthase (AarA) in acetic acid resistance at a low pH. Here we assign specific biochemical roles to the other components of the A. aceti strain 1023 aarABC region. AarC is succinyl-coenzyme A (CoA):acetate CoA-transferase, which replaces succinyl-CoA synthetase in a variant CAC. This new bypass appears to reduce metabolic demand for free CoA, reliance upon nucleotide pools, and the likely effect of variable cytoplasmic pH upon CAC flux. The putative aarB gene is reassigned to SixA, a known activator of CAC flux. Carbon overflow pathways are triggered in many bacteria during metabolic limitation, which typically leads to the production and diffusive loss of acetate. Since acetate overflow is not feasible for A. aceti, a CO(2) loss strategy that allows acetic acid removal without substrate-level (de)phosphorylation may instead be employed. All three aar genes, therefore, support flux through a complete but unorthodox CAC that is needed to lower cytoplasmic acetate levels.
Immunotoxin Treatment of Brain Tumors (2003)

Current treatment for malignant gliomas, which includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, is associated with a poor prognosis (1, 2). Patients with glioblastoma multiforme have an estimated 2 yr survival of less than 20% (1). Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis carries an estimated mean survival of 2-3 mo (3). Localized radiation therapy techniques such as brachytherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery often fail to prevent disease progression at the primary tumor site (4). Unfortunately, the lack of specificity of both radiation therapy and chemotherapy for malignant cells has resulted in central nervous system (CNS) toxicity and unacceptable side effects (1, 2).
Sequence of figwort mosaic virus DNA (caulimovirus group) (1987)

The nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of figwort mosaic virus (FMV) was determined using the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method. The double-stranded DNA genome (7743 base pairs) contained eight open reading frames (ORFs), seven of which corresponded approximately in size and location to the ORFs found in the genome of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and carnation etched ring virus (CERV). ORFs I and V of FMV demonstrated the highest degrees of nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology with the equivalent coding regions of CaMV and CERV. Regions II, III and IV showed somewhat less homology with the analogous regions of CaMV and CERV, and ORF VI showed homology with the corresponding gene of CaMV and CERV in only a short segment near the middle of the putative gene product. A 16 nucleotide sequence, complementary to the 3' terminus of methionine initiator tRNA (tRNAimet) and presumed to be the primer binding site for initiation of reverse transcription to produce minus strand DNA, was found in the FMV genome near the discontinuity in the minus strand. Sequences near the three interruptions in the plus strand of FMV DNA bear strong resemblance to similarly located sequences of 3 other caulimoviruses and are inferred to be initiation sites for second strand DNA synthesis. Additional conserved sequences in the small and large intergenic regions are pointed out including a highly conserved 35 bp sequence that occurs in the latter region.
Interferon-gamma-induced oligodendrocyte cell death: implications for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. (1995)

Injury to a substantial number of oligodendrocytes in MS is the results of programmed cell death rather than necrotic cell death mechanisms. We postulate that IFN gamma plays a role in the pathogenesis of MS by activating apoptosis in oligodendrocytes.
Interleukin-33 Induces Protective Effects in Adipose Tissue Inflammation During Obesity in Mice (2010)

In conclusion, IL-33 may play a protective role in the development of adipose tissue inflammation during obesity.
Oseltamivir Resistance during Treatment of Influenza A (H5N1) Infection (2005)

Influenza A (H5N1) virus with an amino acid substitution in neuraminidase conferring high-level resistance to oseltamivir was isolated from two of eight Vietnamese patients during oseltamivir treatment. Both patients died of influenza A (H5N1) virus infection, despite early initiation of treatment in one patient. Surviving patients had rapid declines in the viral load to undetectable levels during treatment. These observations suggest that resistance can emerge during the currently recommended regimen of oseltamivir therapy and may be associated with clinical deterioration and that the strategy for the treatment of influenza A (H5N1) virus infection should include additional antiviral agents.
Application of HfSiON as a gate dielectric material (2002)

Physical and electrical properties of HfSiON that make this material desirable as the gate dielectric in a standard metal–oxide–semiconductor flow are reported. Sputtering was used to deposit films with minimal low dielectric constant interface layers, equivalent oxide thicknesses below 13 Å, and leakage current density at least two orders of magnitude lower than SiO2. The presence of nitrogen in the film enhances the thermal stability relative to HfSiO, and no crystallization was observed for anneals up to 1100 °C.
Highly uniform and low turn-on voltage Si field emitter arrays fabricated using chemical mechanical polishing (2000)

Turn-on voltage of about 30 V is observed in 1-μm gate-aperture Si field emitter arrays fabricated using oxidation sharpening and chemical mechanical polishing. Small emitter tip radius (/spl sim/10 nm) was achieved from low temperature oxidation sharpening. The gate leakage current is observed to be less than 0.01% of emitter current over the range of measurement. Devices show excellent emission uniformity for different sized arrays. Current saturation was observed at high gate voltages because of low dopant concentration of the substrate. Below the saturation region, the current-voltage characteristics obey the Fowler-Nordheim field emission theory.
Efficient octopine Ti plasmid-derived vectors forAgrobacterium-mediated gene transfer to plants (1985)

A two-component cloning system to transfer foreign DNA into plants was derived from the octopine Ti plasmid pTiB6S3. pGV2260 is a non-oncogenic Ti plasmid from which the T-region is deleted and substituted by pBR322. pGV831 is a streptomycin-resistant pBR325 derivative that contains a kanamycin resistance marker gene for plant cells and a site for cloning foreign genes between the 25-bp border sequences of the octopine T-region. Conjugative transfer of pGV831 derivatives to Agrobacterium and cointegration by homologous recombination between the pBR322 sequences present on pGV831 and pGV2260, can be obtained in a single step. Strains carrying the resulting cointegrated plasmids transfer and integrate T-DNA into the genome of tobacco protoplasts, and transformed tobacco calli are readily selected as resistant to kanamycin. Intact plants containing the entire DNA region between the T-DNA borders have been regenerated from such clones. In view of these properties we present pGV831 and its derivatives as vectors for efficient integration of foreign genes into plants.
Deploying IPv6 (2001)

Version 4 of the Internet Protocol (IPv4) has been in wide use for the past 25 years, but it has outlasted its effective lifetime and is straining to keep up with the demands of today's Internet. IPv6 is a natural evolution from IPv4 and attempts to address many of the older protocol's shortcomings. IPv6 is designed to keep up with the rapid growth of the Internet. The core specifications have been standardized through the IETF's IPng working group, and the NGtrans working group is studying issues surrounding the challenging task of smoothly transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6. The paper discusses the benefits of IPv6 and obstacles to its deployment.
Modern size-exclusion liquid chromatography : practice of gel permeation and gel filtration chromatography (1979)

Background. Retention. Band Broadening. Resolution. Equipment and Detectors. The Column. Operating Variables. Laboratory Techniques. Calibration. Data Handling. Special Techniques. Gel Permeation Chromatography Applications. Techniques of Modern Gel Filtration Chromatography. Index.