gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic Efficacy of Intranasal Alpha2-Interferon against Rhinovirus Infections in the Family Setting (1986)

In a double-blind evaluation of alpha 2-interferon as prophylaxis against naturally acquired respiratory infections, 120 adult members of 46 Australian families used 325 courses of intranasal spray during a six-month period, applying 5 million IU to the anterior nasal mucosa daily for seven days when respiratory symptoms developed in another member of the family. Used in this way, the alpha 2-interferon was well tolerated, and the rate of minor nasal bleeding (12 percent) did not increase with repeated courses. By comparison with the control group of 109 members of 49 families who used 319 seven-day courses of placebo spray, the users of alpha 2-interferon experienced 33 percent fewer days with nasal symptoms and 41 percent fewer episodes of "definite" respiratory illness. The users of alpha 2-interferon who were exposed to rhinovirus infections experienced 76 percent fewer days with symptoms and 86 percent fewer "definite" illnesses than their counterparts who used placebo. All of the observed clinical benefits, which suggested prevention of 6.8 "definite" respiratory illnesses per 100 courses of medication used, could be explained by a protective effect against illness associated with rhinoviruses that was not demonstrated for influenza A or B or coronavirus 229E.
[Cementing of small osteochondral fragments in hand surgery using a fibrin glue--clinical experiences]. (1980)

A short historical review of the development of a new fibrinogen adhesive system, consisting of highly concentrated fibrinogen, thrombin, and factor XIII, is given. Small osteochondral fragments are well fixed with this system. This was demonstrated in five cases with good success, the fragments being early revascularized. Some of these patients have had severe damage to the finger joint surface. The problems of a prematured fibrinolysis were discussed.
Detailed characterization of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in two distinct human solid malignancies show phenotypic similarities (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> We examined the phenotype and function of lymphocytes collected from the peripheral blood (PBL) and tumor (TIL) of patients with two different solid malignancies: colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) and ovarian cancer (OVC). <h3>Methods</h3> Tumor and corresponding peripheral blood were collected from 16 CRLM and 22 OVC patients; immediately following resection they were processed and analyzed using a multi-color flow cytometry panel. Cytokine mRNA from purified PBL and TIL CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were also analyzed by qPCR. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, we found similar changes in the phenotypic and cytokine profiles when the TIL were compared to PBL from patients with two different malignancies. The percentage of Treg (CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD25<sup>+</sup>/FoxP3<sup>+</sup>) in PBL and TIL was similar: 8.1% versus 10.2%, respectively in CRLM patients. However, the frequency of Treg in primary OVC TIL was higher than PBL: 19.2% versus 4.5% (p &lt;0.0001). A subpopulation of Treg expressing HLA-DR was markedly increased in TIL compared to PBL in both tumor types, CRLM: 69.0% versus 31.7% (p = 0.0002) and OVC 74.6% versus 37.0% (p &lt;0.0001), which suggested preferential Treg activation within the tumor. The cytokine mRNA profile showed that IL-6, a cytokine known for its immunosuppressive properties through STAT3 upregulation, was increased in TIL samples in patients with OVC and CRLM. Both TIL populations also contained a significantly higher proportion of activated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>/CD38<sup>+</sup>) compared to PBL (CRLM: 30.2% vs 7.7%, (p = 0.0012), OVC: 57.1% vs 12.0%, (p &lt;0.0001)). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that multi-color flow cytometry of freshly digested tumor samples reveals phenotypic differences in TIL vs PBL T cell sub-populations. The TIL composition in primary and metastatic tumors from two distinct histologies were remarkably similar, showing a greater proportion of activated/suppressive Treg (HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>, CD39<sup>+</sup>, CTLA-4<sup>+</sup> and Helios<sup>+</sup>) and activated cytotoxic T cells (CD8<sup>+</sup>/HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>/CD38<sup>+</sup>) when compared to PBL and an increase in IL-6 mRNA from CD4 TIL.
Architectural aspects of multimedia CD-I integration in UNIX/X-Windows workstations (1992)

This paper describes the integration of CD-I systems in UNIX and X-Windows/Motif workstations. It is based on results of the ESPRIT project MULTIWORKS. First a short overview of the main CD-I features is given. A description of the basic requirements for the integration of CD-I in professional workstations follows. One of the major requirements is the support of off-the-shelf CD-I titles running in a Motif window concurrent with other UNIX applications and the support of new UNIX/Motif multimedia applications, which use the CD-I player as a digital video, sound and CD-ROM sub-system. The client/server architecture and the separation and distribution of time critical multimedia API functions over both systems (UNIX WS and CD-I system) are presented in more detail with special emphasis on the critical problems concerning real-time handling. Finally some experiences with the system are described.
Biodegradable Polymer Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering (2001)

Cartilage defects are common, painful conditions and none of the currently available treatment options are satisfactory. Tissue engineering techniques involving scaffolds made from biodegradable synthetic polymers hold great promise for the future. These materials can be manufactured in an injectable form for minimally invasive procedures or in a preformed state to treat large irreparable lesions including arthritis. The mechanical and biologic properties of synthetic polymers can be tailored to different clinical applications and engineering strategies. The scaffold serves as a mechanical substrate for cells and bioactive factors and can help direct and organize the process of regeneration. The ultimate goal of tissue engineering is to recapitulate normal organogenesis to create histologically and functionally normal tissue. A review of the characteristics and potential of synthetic polymers shows that these substances will play a major role in treating cartilage disorders.
The future of wires (2001)

Concern about the performance of wires wires in scaled technologies has led to research exploring other communication methods. This paper examines wire and gate delays as technologies migrate from 0.18-/spl mu/m to 0.035-/spl mu/m feature sizes to better understand the magnitude of the the wiring problem. Wires that shorten in length as technologies scale have delays that either track gate delays or grow slowly relative to gate delays. This result is good news since these "local" wires dominate chip wiring. Despite this scaling of local wire performance, computer-aided design (CAD) tools must still become move sophisticated in dealing with these wires. Under scaling, the total number of wires grows exponentially, so CAD tools will need to handle an ever-growing percentage of all the wires in order to keep designer workloads constant. Global wires present a more serious problem to designers. These are wires that do not scale in length since they communicate signals across the chip. The delay of these wives will remain constant if repeaters are used meaning that relative to gate delays, their delays scale upwards. These increased delays for global communication will drive architectures toward modular designs with explicit global latency mechanisms.
Hydroboration. 85. Synthesis and hydroboration of (-)-2-phenylapopinene. Comparison of mono(2-phenylapoisopinocampheyl)borane with its 2-methyl and 2-ethyl analogs for the chiral hydroboration of representative alkenes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroboration. 85. Synthesis and hydroboration of (-)-2-phenylapopinene. Comparison of mono(2-phenylapoisopinocampheyl)borane with its 2-methyl and 2-ethyl analogs for the chiral hydroboration of representative alkenesHerbert C. Brown, Steven A. Weissman, P. T. Perumal, and U. P. DhokteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 4, 1217–1223Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00291a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00291a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views779Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Non-Watson-Crick interactions between PNA and DNA inhibit the ATPase activity of bacteriophage T4 Dda helicase (2002)

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a DNA mimic in which the nucleobases are linked by an N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine backbone. Here we report that PNA can interact with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in a non-sequence-specific fashion. We observed that a 15mer PNA inhibited the ssDNA-stimulated ATPase activity of a bacteriophage T4 helicase, Dda. Surprisingly, when a fluorescein-labeled 15mer PNA was used in binding studies no interaction was observed between PNA and Dda. However, fluorescence polarization did reveal non-sequence-specific interactions between PNA and ssDNA. Thus, the inhibition of ATPase activity of Dda appears to result from depletion of the available ssDNA due to non-Watson-Crick binding of PNA to ssDNA. Inhibition of the ssDNA-stimulated ATPase activity was observed for several PNAs of varying length and sequence. To study the basis for this phenomenon, we examined self-aggregation by PNAs. The 15mer PNA readily self-aggregates to the point of precipitation. Since PNAs are hydrophobic, they aggregate more than DNA or RNA, making the study of this phenomenon essential for understanding the properties of PNA. Non-sequence-specific interactions between PNA and ssDNA were observed at moderate concentrations of PNA, suggesting that such interactions should be considered for antisense and antigene applications.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: Flaxseed and its lignan and oil components reduce mammary tumor growth at a late stage of carcinogenesis (1996)

Flaxseed, a rich source of mammalian lignan precursor secoisolariciresinol-diglycoside (S.D.) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), has been shown to be protective at the early promotion stage of carcinogenesis. The objective of this study was to determine whether supplementation with flaxseed, its lignan or oil fractions, beginning 13 weeks after carcinogen administration, would reduce the size of established mammary tumors (present at the start of treatment) and appearance of new tumors in rats. Dietary groups consisted of the basal diet (BD, 20% corn oil) alone or supplemented with a gavage of 2200 nmol/day S.D. [S.D., equal to level in 5% flaxseed (F)], 1.82% flaxseed oil (OIL, equal to level in 5% F) or 2.5% or 5% flaxseed (2.5% F and 5% F, respectively). After 7 weeks of treatment, established tumor volume was over 50% smaller in all treatment groups (OIL, 2.5% F, 5% F, P < 0.04; S.D., P < 0.08) while there was no change in the BD group. New tumor number and volume were lowest in the S.D. (P < 0.02) and 2.5% F (P < 0.07) groups. The combined established and new tumor volumes were smaller for the S.D., 2.5% F and 5% F groups (P < 0.02) compared to the OIL and BD groups. The high negative correlation (r = -0.997, P < 0.001) between established tumor volume and urinary mammalian lignan excretion in the BD, S.D., 2.5% F and 5% F groups indicates that the reduction in tumor size is due in part to the lignans derived from the S.D. in flaxseed. However, there was no relationship between new or total tumor development and urinary lignan levels. The effect of flaxseed oil may be related to its high ALA content. In conclusion, the S.D. in flaxseed appears to be beneficial throughout the promotional phase of carcinogenesis whereas the oil component is more effective at the stage when tumors have already been established.
A New Parametric Stereo and Multichannel Extension for MPEG-4 Enhanced Low Delay AAC (AAC-ELD) (2010)

ISO/MPEG standardizes two communication codecs with low delay: AAC-LD is a well established low delay codec for high quality communication applications such as video conferencing, tele-presence, and Voice over IP. Its successor AAC-ELD offers enhanced bit rate efficiency being an ideal solution for broadcast audio gateway codecs. Many existing and upcoming communication applications benefit from the transmission of stereo or multichannel signals at low bitrates. With low delay MPEG Surround, ISO has recently standardized a low delay parametric extension for AAC-LD and AAC-ELD. It is based on MPEG Surround technology with specific adaption for low delay operation. This extension comes along with a significant improved coding efficiency for transmission of stereo and multichannel signals.
Multiplexed Homogeneous Proximity Ligation Assays for High-throughput Protein Biomarker Research in Serological Material (2011)

A high throughput protein biomarker discovery tool has been developed based on multiplexed proximity ligation assays in a homogeneous format in the sense of no washing steps. The platform consists of four 24-plex panels profiling 74 putative biomarkers with sub-pm sensitivity each consuming only 1 μl of human plasma sample. The system uses either matched monoclonal antibody pairs or the more readily available single batches of affinity purified polyclonal antibodies to generate the target specific reagents by covalently linking with unique nucleic acid sequences. These paired sequences are united by DNA ligation upon simultaneous target binding forming a PCR amplicon. Multiplex proximity ligation assays thereby converts multiple target analytes into real-time PCR amplicons that are individually quantified using microfluidic high capacity qPCR in nano liter volumes. The assay shows excellent specificity, even in multiplex, by its dual recognition feature, its proximity requirement, and most importantly by using unique sequence specific reporter fragments on both antibody-based probes. To illustrate the potential of this protein detection technology, a pilot biomarker research project was performed using biobanked plasma samples for the detection of colorectal cancer using a multivariate signature.
Side Information Improvement in DVC with Two Side Information Streams and 3D Motion Refinement (2007)

Distributed video coding (DVC) has become increasingly popular in recent times among the researchers in video coding due to its attractive and promising features. DVC primarily has a modified complexity balance between the encoder and decoder, in contrast to conventional video codecs. Side information generation, carried out at the decoder, is a major function in the DVC coding algorithm and plays a key-role in determining the performance of the codec. In this paper, a novel enhanced algorithm is proposed for the side information generation process where the side information is evolved over the processing of each bit plane. Simulation results of the proposed technique depict a consistent improvement in performance in comparison to the state-of-the-art in pixel domain DVC.
In Vitro Plant Breeding (2024)

Create improved crops with these techniques for plant cell culture! This comprehensive book presents the basic concepts and applied techniques of plant cell and tissue culture. More and more, commercial plant breeding and development employs these methods to protect crops from weather, pests, and disease. Covering the history of in vitro breeding as well as emerging research trends, In Vitro Plant Breeding offers specific techniques for crop improvement and breeding. Designed as a text for undergraduate students, In Vitro Plant Breeding presents the theory of tissue culture as well as practical techniques. Its step-by-step instructions and clear illustrations facilitate learning and laboratory work. In Vitro Plant Breeding gives in-depth information and the latest research on the vital concepts and techniques of in vitro breeding, including: applications of plant tissue culture morphogenesis and organogenesis micropropagation producing haploid plants in vitro in vitro pollination and fertilization problems of embryo culture somatic hybridization protoplast technology selection of desirable traits cryopreservation and plant breeding micrografting This helpful book is plentifully illustrated with examples, schematic descriptions, and tables to make the concepts clear and easy to learn. In Vitro Plant Breeding is an essential resource.
A half micron MOSFET using double implanted LDD (1982)

Double-implanted LDD, which consists of self-aligned p pockets below the n regions in LDD, is introduced to improve both breakdown and short channel effects. Its fabrication and experimental results are presented. The device optimized for a 0.5µm channel and 3.5V supply is discussed.
Calcium Phosphate Mineralization (1989)

Although it is often assumed that the thermodynamically most stable hydroxyapatite is a suitable prototype for biological minerals, it is now generally accepted that other phases such as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and octacalcium phosphate as well as defect apatites and carbonated apatites may participate. The Constant Composition kinetics method, has been used to show that defect apatites may be formed with non-stoichiometric coefficients that depend upon the pH of the growth medium. Important factors in analyzing these experiments are the initial surface modification and ion exchange processes involving hydrogen and calcium ions following inoculation of the supersaturated solutions. Proteins and other macromolecules which may inhibit the rate of growth of calcium phosphates in supersaturated solutions are able to enhance the nucleation of these phases when immobilized on inert surfaces.
DNA Polymerase I-Mediated Translesion Synthesis in RecA-Independent DNA Interstrand Cross-Link Repair in E. coli (2008)

DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are mainly repaired by the combined action of nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination in E. coli. Genetic data also suggest the existence of a nucleotide excision repair-dependent, homologous recombination-independent ICL repair pathway. The involvement of translesion synthesis in this pathway has been postulated; however, the molecular mechanism of this pathway is not understood. To examine the role of translesion synthesis in ICL repair, we generated a defined substrate with a single psoralen ICL that mimics a postincision structure generated by nucleotide excision repair. We demonstrated that the Klenow fragment (DNA polymerase I) performs translesion synthesis on this model substrate. This in vitro translesion synthesis assay will help in understanding the basic mechanism of a postincision translesion synthesis process in ICL repair.
Osteomyelitis Caused by Enterobacter cancerogenus Infection following a Traumatic Injury: Case Report and Review of the Literature (2005)

We report a case of osteomyelitis caused by Enterobacter cancerogenus resistant to aminopenicillins in a 56-year-old male who had a motorcycle accident and suffered from multiple bone fractures with abundant environmental exposure. E. cancerogenus has rarely been associated with human infections, and its clinical significance remains unclear.
Deep compression for streaming texture intensive animations (1999)

This paper presents a streaming technique for synthetic texture intensive 3D animation sequences. There is a short latency time while downloading the animation, until an initial fraction of the compressed data is read by the client. As the animation is played, the remainder of the data is streamed online seamlessly to the client. The technique exploits frame-to-frame coherence for transmitting geometric and texture streams. Instead of using the original textures of the model, the texture stream consists of view-dependent textures which are generated by rendering offline nearby views. These textures have a strong temporal coherency and can thus be well compressed. As a consequence, the bandwidth of the stream of the view-dependent textures is narrow enough to be transmitted together with the geometry stream over a low bandwidth network. These two streams maintain a small online cache of geometry and view-dependent textures from which the client renders the walkthrough sequence in real-time. The overall data transmitted over the network is an order of magnitude smaller than an MPEG postrendered sequence with an equivalent image quality.
Strengthening in Boron Nitride Nanotube Reinforced Aluminum Composites Prepared by Roll Bonding (2018)

Boron Nitride Nanotube (BNNT) is a promising reinforcement for developing strong and lightweight metal matrix composites due to its brilliant mechanical properties and excellent high‐temperature oxidation resistance. In this study, layered composites of aluminum and BNNT are fabricated by a multi‐step process comprising of hot pressing, rolling, and annealing. Less than 0.1 wt% of ultra‐long nanotubes (up to 200 μm in length) are used to induce superior strengthening. For achieving enhanced mechanical properties, nanotubes are de‐agglomerated and chemically dispersed in an aqueous solution before introducing between the layers of aluminum sheets. Application of pressure (up to 10 MPa) and temperatures (up to 300 °C) during rolling and hot pressing induces a bonding between aluminum sheets and nanotubes. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the nanotubes survive these conditions, suggesting superior thermal and mechanical endurance of BNNT. The nanohardness and elastic modulus of the composites are found to improve by 52% and 17%, respectively, by merely 0.045 wt% BNNT addition. BNNT reinforced composites exhibit up to 13% improvement in ultimate tensile strength. The improvement in mechanical properties is ascribed to effective load transfer from the aluminum matrix to the long nanotubes via interfacial shear stress and enhancement of dislocation density.