gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-GD2 with an FC point mutation reduces complement fixation and decreases antibody-induced allodynia (2010)

Monoclonal antibodies against GD2 ganglioside, such as ch14.18, the human–mouse chimeric antibody, have been shown to be effective for the treatment of neuroblastoma. However, treatment is associated with generalized, relatively opiate-resistant pain. We investigated if a point mutation in ch14.18 antibody (hu14.18K332A) to limit complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) would ameliorate the pain behavior, while preserving antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In vitro, CDC and ADCC were measured using europium-TDA assay. In vivo, allodynia was evaluated by measuring thresholds to von Frey filaments applied to the hindpaws after injection of either ch14.18 or hu14.18K332 into wild type rats or rats with deficient complement factor 6. Other rats were pretreated with complement factor C5a receptor antagonist and tested following ch14.18 injection. The mutation reduces the antibody’s ability to activate complement, while maintaining its ADCC capabilities. Injection of hu14.18K322 (1 or 3 mg/kg) produced faster resolving allodynia than that engendered by ch14.18 (1 mg/kg). Injection of ch14.18 (1 mg/kg) into rats with C6 complement deficiency further reduced antibody-induced allodynia, while pre-treatment with complement factor C5a receptor antagonist completely abolished ch14.18-induced allodynia. These findings showed that mutant hu14.18 K322 elicited less allodynia than ch14.18 and that ch14.18-elicited allodynia is due to activation of the complement cascade: in part, to formation of membrane attack complex, but more importantly to release of complement factor C5a. Development of immunotherapeutic agents with decreased complement-dependent lysis while maintaining cellular cytotoxicity may offer treatment options with reduced adverse side effects, thereby allowing dose escalation of therapeutic antibodies.
Both introns and long 3′-UTRs operate as cis-acting elements to trigger nonsense-mediated decay in plants (2006)

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic quality control mechanism that identifies and eliminates aberrant mRNAs containing a premature termination codon (PTC). Although, key trans-acting NMD factors, UPF1, UPF2 and UPF3 are conserved in yeast and mammals, the cis-acting NMD elements are different. In yeast, short specific sequences or long 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) render an mRNA subject to NMD, while in mammals' 3'-UTR located introns trigger NMD. Plants also possess an NMD system, although little is known about how it functions. We have elaborated an agroinfiltration-based transient NMD assay system and defined the cis-acting elements that mediate plant NMD. We show that unusually long 3'-UTRs or the presence of introns in the 3'-UTR can subject mRNAs to NMD. These data suggest that both long 3'-UTR-based and intron-based PTC definition operated in the common ancestors of extant eukaryotes (stem eukaryotes) and support the theory that intron-based NMD facilitated the spreading of introns in stem eukaryotes. We have also identified plant UPF1 and showed that tethering of UPF1 to either the 5'- or 3'-UTR of an mRNA results in reduced transcript accumulation. Thus, plant UPF1 might bind to mRNA in a late, irreversible phase of NMD.
Influence of Temperature on a Partially Male‐Sterile Soybean Strain1 (1973)

Temperature during flowering and pod set influenced degree of sterility in a partially male‐sterile soybean strain [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Growth chambers, set for 14.5/ 9.5, light/dark sequences in each 24‐hour period, were used to present varying day/night temperatures to the growing plants. No pods were set on the male‐sterile strain when the day temperature was 35C and the night temperature was either 21 or 27C. Plants were partially fertile, however, when grown 'at a day temperature of either 21 or 29C with a night temperature of 16 or 21C. The largest number of pods was produced on the partially male‐sterile strain when the day temperature was 29C followed by a night temperature of 21C. Temperature did not affect number of seeds per pod on the partially male‐sterile strain at temperature regimes where pods were formed.
Research on pressure welding conditions of various work metals. Effects of contact pressure, surface expansion ratio and temperature. (1988)

Pressure welding tests have been carried out by means of upsetting the mated cylindrical specimens of aluminum, copper, mild steel, nickel and stainless steel. The critical conditions for obtaining the bond strength equivalent to the parent strength have been examined with various contact pressure p, surface expansion ratios X and temperature T. Consequently, it has been concluded that the critical surface expansion ratio Xs decreases remarkably with a temperature rise in all the work metals, and that the complete bond strength can be obtained with a relatively small reduction in height of Re=10∼20% within the range of hot working temperatures.
The electro‐osmotic actuation of implantable insulin micropumps (1983)

A study using an electro-osmotic cell suitable for actuating an implantable insulin micropump showed that controlled variable flow rates in the order of 0.2 mL/day are possible. The cell functioned continuously with low energy and power requirements and long service life. The principle of operation is compatible with achieving the very low flow rates necessary if highly concentrated insulin is to be used to avoid frequent insulin reservoir refilling. An electro-osmotic cell, Ag/AgCl/NaCl(aq)/cation exchange membrane/NaCl(aq)/AgCl/Ag, was connected to a constant current power supply which reversed the direction of the current every 10 mins causing a to-and-fro transport of fluid through the membrane. Flow rates of 0.15-0.60 microL/min were achieved with currents of 2.5-10 mA. At the low flow rate, energy consumption was 6.4 X 10(-2) J/microL and peak power requirement was less than 2.0 X 10(-4) W. Fluid was transported against a pressure gradient of 52 cm Hg. The cell contained a total electrolyte volume of less than 0.25 mL. The membrane showed no change in properties after 10,000 current reversals (69 days). To function as an actuator for an implantable insulin micropump, the electro-osmotic cell requires a switching and valving assembly; a suitable design for this is briefly considered.
Role of genetic factors in depression based on studies of Tourette syndrome and ADHD probands and their relatives (1995)

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a common, neuropsychiatric disorder which has many similarities to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). TS probands have a high frequency of a variety of behavioral disorders including depression. The depression may be due to a pleiotrophic effect of the Gts genes, proband ascertainment bias, or a result of coping with the chronic tics. To distinguish between these hypotheses we examined the responses to 17 Diagnostic Interview Schedule questions to evaluate the 9 DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive episode in 1,080 adults consisting of TS and ADHD probands, their relatives and controls. Using a Bonferonni corrected p there was a significant progressive increase in 16 of 17 depressive symptoms and for a life time history of a major depressive episode in groups with increased genetic loading for Gts genes. Similar trends were seen in the small number of ADHD probands and their relatives. There was also a significant increase for these variables in non-proband TS relatives versus non-TS relatives, indicating the association of depression with Gts genes was not due to ascertainment bias or the inappropriate choice of controls. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that obsessive-compulsive behaviors, sex, ADHD, drug abuse, and age all showed a more significant effect on depressive symptoms than the number of tics. The presence or absence of TS in the relatives had a much greater effect on risk for depression than the presence or absence of an episode of major depression in the proband. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Gts and ADHD genes play a major role in depression.
ChemInform Abstract: Sterically Stabilized Vesicles (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modular verification of web services using efficient symbolic encoding and summarization (2008)

We propose a novel method for modular verification of web service compositions. We first use symbolic fixpoint computations to derive conditions on the incoming messages and relations among the incoming and outgoing messages of individual BPEL web services. These pre- and post-conditions are accumulated and serve as a repository of summarizations of individual web services. We then compose the summaries of the invoked BPEL services to model external invocations, resulting in a scalable verification approach for web service compositions. Our technical contributions include (1) an efficient symbolic encoding for modeling the concurrency semantics of systems having both multi-threading and message passing, and (2) a scalable method for summarizing concurrent processes that interact with each other using synchronous message passing, along with a modular framework that utilizes these summaries for scalable verification.
Prospects for an AIDS vaccine. (1990)

The development of a vaccine against HIV meets with considerable difficulties. The virus shows considerable genetic variability. Neutralizing antibodies raised against one HIV-1 isolate do not cross-neutralize other HIV-1 isolates. HIV can also spread directly from cell to cell without entering extracellular fluids, thus escaping neutralization. It can remain latent in the body for long periods of time, probably as an integrated provirus in the genome of the host cell. Moreover, the HIV envelope glycoprotein appears to be poorly immunogenic for primates. It elicits only weak neutralizing antiviral antibody titers, perhaps due to epitopic suppression. Preliminary data suggest, however, that neutralizing antibodies might be protective, and there is evidence from work with SIV that certain types of vaccines might induce protection against infection. These findings foster the hope that it will eventually be possible to develop a HIV vaccine.
p53-Mediated Growth Suppression in Response to Nutlin-3 in Cyclin D1–Transformed Cells Occurs Independently of p21 (2007)

Interaction of cyclin D1 with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) results in the hyperphosphorylation of the RB family of proteins, thereby inactivating the tumor-suppressive function of RB. Our previous findings suggest that constitutive cyclin D1/CDK activity inhibits p53-mediated gene repression by preventing the appropriate regulation of CDK activity by the CDK inhibitor p21, a transcriptional target of p53. To study the role of cyclin D1 in driving human mammary cell transformation, we expressed a constitutively active cyclin D1-CDK fusion protein (D1/CDK) in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells. D1/CDK-expressing human mammary epithelial cells grew anchorage-independently in the presence of wild-type p53, consistent with the idea that D1/CDK disrupts downstream p53 signaling. Using this transformation model, we examined the sensitivity of the D1/CDK-expressing cells to Nutlin-3, an HDM2 antagonist that activates p53. Surprisingly, treatment of D1/CDK-transformed cells with Nutlin-3 prevented their anchorage-independent growth. The Nutlin-3-induced growth arrest was enforced in D1/CDK-expressing cells despite the presence of hyperphosphorylated RB implicating a p53-dependent, RB-independent mechanism for growth suppression. Further analysis identified that CDC2 and cyclin B1, key cell cycle regulators, were stably down-regulated following p53 stabilization by Nutlin-3, consistent with direct interaction between p53 and the CDC2 and cyclin B1 promoters, leading to the repression of transcription by methylation. In contrast to D1/CDK expression, direct inactivation of p53 resulted in no repression of CDC2 and no cell cycle arrest. We conclude that induction of p53 by Nutlin-3 is a viable therapeutic strategy in cancers with constitutive CDK signaling due to the direct repression of specific p53 target genes.
Molecular cloning of a murine IL-6 receptor-associated signal transducer, gp130, and its regulated expression in vivo (1992)

The IL-6R system comprises two functionally different chains: a ligand binding-chain (IL-6R) and a non-ligand-binding but signal-transducing chain (gp130). gp130 associates with the IL-6-IL-6R complex, resulting in the formation of high-affinity IL-6 binding sites, and transduces the signal. A cDNA for murine gp130 has been cloned from the cDNA library of murine macrophages by using a human gp130 cDNA as a probe. The overall homology with human gp130 was 76.8% at the protein level. The extracellular region of murine gp130, as observed in human gp130, comprises 6 U of a fibronectin type III module and part of this region of approximately 200 amino acids has typical features of a cytokine receptor family. Cloned murine gp130 could transduce the growth signal in a murine IL-3-dependent cell line in response to a complex of IL-6 and soluble IL-6R. Two species of murine gp130 mRNA (7 and 10 kb) were expressed in almost all the cell lines. These transcripts were also ubiquitously expressed in murine tissues, embryonic stem cells, and embryos as early as day 6 of gestation. Administration of IL-6 in mouse caused up-regulation of the gp130 mRNA levels in several tissues. Both gp130 and IL-6R mRNA in liver were up-regulated in vivo by IL-6.
Improving Log-based Field Failure Data Analysis of multi-node computing systems (2011)

Log-based Field Failure Data Analysis (FFDA) is a widely-adopted methodology to assess dependability properties of an operational system. A key step in FFDA is filtering out entries that are not useful and redundant error entries from the log. The latter is challenging: a fault, once triggered, can generate multiple errors that propagate within the system. Grouping the error entries related to the same fault manifestation is crucial to obtain realistic measurements. This paper deals with the issues of the tuple heuristic, used to group the error entries in the log, in multi-node computing systems. We demonstrate that the tuple heuristic can group entries incorrectly; thus, an improved heuristic that adopts statistical indicators is proposed. We assess the impact of inaccurate grouping on dependability measurements by comparing the results obtained with both the heuristics. The analysis encompasses the log of the Mercury cluster at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications.
Re-ranking Person Re-identification with k-Reciprocal Encoding (2017)

When considering person re-identification (re-ID) as a retrieval process, re-ranking is a critical step to improve its accuracy. Yet in the re-ID community, limited effort has been devoted to re-ranking, especially those fully automatic, unsupervised solutions. In this paper, we propose a k-reciprocal encoding method to re-rank the re-ID results. Our hypothesis is that if a gallery image is similar to the probe in the k-reciprocal nearest neighbors, it is more likely to be a true match. Specifically, given an image, a k-reciprocal feature is calculated by encoding its k-reciprocal nearest neighbors into a single vector, which is used for re-ranking under the Jaccard distance. The final distance is computed as the combination of the original distance and the Jaccard distance. Our re-ranking method does not require any human interaction or any labeled data, so it is applicable to large-scale datasets. Experiments on the large-scale Market-1501, CUHK03, MARS, and PRW datasets confirm the effectiveness of our method.
Deletion, Methylation, and Expression of the NKX3.1 Suppressor Gene in Primary Human Prostate Cancer (2005)

NKX3.1 is a prostate-specific homeoprotein and tumor suppressor that is affected by the loss of 8p21 in prostate cancer. In mice, Nkx3.1 haploinsufficiency results in prostatic dysplasia and complements cancer formation induced by loss of other suppressor genes. However, NKX3.1 expression can be immunohistochemically detected in most primary prostate cancers. We examined the relationship between suppressor gene haploinsufficiency, methylation, and quantitative NKX3.1 expression levels in primary prostate cancer. NKX3.1 gene copy number was assessed by microsatellite analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and quantitative PCR. NKX3.1 gene methylation was determined in prostate cancer cell lines and we thereby identified potential CpG methylation sites for methylation-specific PCR analysis in tissues. We validated and then applied an internally controlled fluorescence immunomicroscopic assay for NKX3.1 protein expression in 48 primary prostate cancer specimens from radical prostatectomies. NKX3.1 loss of heterozygosity was found in 27 of 43 tissues tested. Classic CpG island methylation of the NKX3.1 gene was not found in either prostate cancer cell lines or tissues. However, in 33 of 40 samples tested, CpG sites at -921, -903, and -47 were methylated to a greater degree in malignant than in adjacent normal cells. In 43 of 48 samples, NKX3.1 protein expression was reduced from 0.34 to 0.90 compared with adjacent normal luminal epithelium (mean of all samples, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.05). In 12 cases that also had high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, NKX3.1 expression levels were similar in preinvasive and invasive cancer cells and significantly lower than adjacent normal cells. Even in the presence of allelic loss, NKX3.1 expression is reduced over a wide range in prostate cancer at the time of prostatectomy, suggesting that diverse factors influence expression. Samples with protein expression below the median level in cancer cells had both NKX3.1 deletion and selective CpG methylation.
Inhibitory Effect of Pulmonary Surfactant Proteins A and D on Allergen-induced Lymphocyte Proliferation and Histamine Release in Children with Asthma (1998)

The role of pulmonary surfactant proteins in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation and the impact on asthma has not been elucidated. This study was designed to examine the effect of surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) on phytohemagglutinin- (PHA) and mite allergen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p)-induced histamine release and the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in children with asthma in stable condition (n = 21), asthmatic children during acute attacks (n = 9), and age-matched control subjects (n = 7). The results show that SP-A and SP-D were able to reduce the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into PBMC in a dose-dependent manner. In addition to the intact, native SP-A and SP-D proteins, a recombinant peptide composed of the neck and carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D [SP-D(N/CRD)] was also found to have the same suppressive effect on lymphocyte proliferation. This effect was abolished by the presence of 100 mM mannose (for SP-A) or maltose (for SP-D) in the culture medium, which suggested that the CRD regions of SP-A and SP-D may interact with the carbohydrate structures on the surface molecules of lymphocytes. The inhibitory effects of surfactant proteins on PHA- and Der p-stimulated lymphocyte responses were observed in stable asthmatic children and age-matched control subjects, while only a mild suppression (< 25%) was seen in activated lymphocytes derived from asthmatic children with acute attacks. SP-A and SP-D were also found to inhibit allergen-induced histamine release, in a dose-dependent manner, in the diluted whole blood of asthmatic children. We conclude that both SP-A and SP-D can inhibit histamine release in the early phase of allergen provocation and suppress lymphocyte proliferation in the late phase of bronchial inflammation, the two essential steps in the development of asthmatic symptoms. It appears that SP-A and SP-D may be protective against the pathogenesis of asthma.
Recombinant Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Expressing a Heterologous Spike Gene Demonstrates that the Spike Protein Is a Determinant of Cell Tropism (2003)

A recombinant infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), BeauR-M41(S), was generated using our reverse genetics system (R. Casais, V. Thiel, S. G. Siddell, D. Cavanagh, and P. Britton, J. Virol. 75:12359-12369, 2001), in which the ectodomain region of the spike gene from IBV M41-CK replaced the corresponding region of the IBV Beaudette genome. BeauR-M41(S) acquired the same cell tropism phenotype as IBV M41-CK in four different cell types, demonstrating that the IBV spike glycoprotein is a determinant of cell tropism.
Monocular Model-Based 3D Tracking of Rigid Objects: A Survey (2005)

Many applications require tracking complex 3D objects. These include visual serving of robotic arms on specific target objects, Augmented Reality systems that require real time registration of the object to be augmented, and head tracking systems that sophisticated interfaces can use. Computer Vision offers solutions that are cheap, practical and non-invasive. Monocular Model-Based 3D Tracking of Rigid Objects reviews the different techniques and approaches that have been developed by industry and research. First, important mathematical tools are introduced: Camera representation, robust estimation and uncertainty estimation. Then a comprehensive study of the numerous approaches developed by the Augmented Reality and Robotics communities is given. The authors begin with those that are based on 1D or planar fiducial marks and move on to those that avoid the need to engineer the environment by relying on natural features such as edges, texture or interest points are detailed. Extensions to more specific applications that require the use of a motion model or multiple objects tracking are also discussed. The survey concludes with the different possible choices that should be made when implementing a 3D tracking system and a discussion of the future of vision-based 3D tracking. Because it encompasses many computer vision techniques from low-level vision to 3D geometry and includes a comprehensive study of the massive literature on the subject, Monocular Model-Based 3D Tracking of Rigid Objects is an invaluable reference for the student and researcher.