gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handbook of Pre-Clinical Continuous Intravenous Infusion (2000)

Introduction D. Smith and G. Healing CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION IN THE RAT Femoral Cannulation Using the Jacket/Harness Model in the Rat O. Green and D. Patten Femoral Cannulation Using the Tail Cuff Exteriorisation Method in the Rat A. McCarthy Tethering and the Implanted Button Model in the Rat E. Miedel Multidose Infusion Toxicity Studies in the Rat G. Healing Reproductive Toxicology Studies by Infusion Studies in the Rat P. Barrow CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION IN THE MOUSE Femoral Cannulation Using the Tail Cuff Model in the Mouse H. Van Wijk and D. Robb Multidose Infusion Toxicity Studies in the Mouse H. Van Wijk and D. Robb Jugular Cannulation and Efficacy Studies in the Mouse I. Horii CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION IN THE RABBIT Femoral Cannulation of the Rabbit for Reproductive Toxicity Studies C. Copeman and K. Robinson Jugular Cannulation of the Rabbit for Reproductive Toxicity Studies E. Gordon and S. Lynch CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION IN THE DOG Jugular Cannulation of the Dog N. Pickersgill The Non-Ambulatory Model in Dog Multidose Infusion Toxicity Studies N. Pickersgill The Ambulatory Model in Dog Multidose Infusion Toxicity Studies T.R. Gleason and C. Chengelis CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION IN THE PRIMATE Surgical Preparation of the Large Primate V. Mendenhall, S. Cornell and M. Scalaro Multidose Infusion Toxicity Studies in the Large Primate M. Walker Surgical Preparation and Multidose Infusion Toxicity Studies in the Marmoset C. Schnell CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION IN THE MINI-PIG Surgical Preparation of the Mini-Pig P. Brinck Multidose Infusion Toxicity Studies in the Mini-Pig P. Brinck Reproductive Toxicity Studies in the Mini-Pig P. McAnulty CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION - GENERAL Common Pathological Findings in Continuous Infusion Studies J. Evans and P. Kerry The Use of Mini-Osmotic Pumps in Continuous Infusion Studies L. Perkins, C. Peer and P. Murphy-Hackley The Contribution of Vehicles, Rates of Administration and Volumes to Infusion Studies K. Hickling and D. Smith Equipment for Continuous Intravenous Infusion A. Jacobson
New efficient shuffled blocktransform design technique (1994)

A new efficient design technique referred to as the shuffled block transform (SBT) for transform coding is proposed. This technique leads to basis functions that use the same coefficient values in different shift positions, allowing very efficient numerical implementation of the block transform coder. Additionally, when the coefficients of the first basis function are chosen as integers, the SBT can be implemented with addition and shift operations only. This multiplier-free structure makes the SBT type block transform very efficient as far as implementation is concerned.
A face for all seasons: Searching for context-specific leadership traits and discovering a general preference for perceived health (2014)

Previous research indicates that followers tend to contingently match particular leader qualities to evolutionarily consistent situations requiring collective action (i.e., context-specific cognitive leadership prototypes) and information processing undergoes categorization which ranks certain qualities as first-order context-general and others as second-order context-specific. To further investigate this contingent categorization phenomenon we examined the "attractiveness halo"-a first-order facial cue which significantly biases leadership preferences. While controlling for facial attractiveness, we independently manipulated the underlying facial cues of health and intelligence and then primed participants with four distinct organizational dynamics requiring leadership (i.e., competition vs. cooperation between groups and exploratory change vs. stable exploitation). It was expected that the differing requirements of the four dynamics would contingently select for relatively healthier- or intelligent-looking leaders. We found perceived facial intelligence to be a second-order context-specific trait-for instance, in times requiring a leader to address between-group cooperation-whereas perceived health is significantly preferred across all contexts (i.e., a first-order trait). The results also indicate that facial health positively affects perceived masculinity while facial intelligence negatively affects perceived masculinity, which may partially explain leader choice in some of the environmental contexts. The limitations and a number of implications regarding leadership biases are discussed.
Masquerade Detection Using Support Vector Machine (2005)

A new method using support vector data description (SVDD) to distinguish legitimate users from masqueraders based on UNIX user command sequences is proposed. Sliding windows are used to get low detection delay.Experiments demonstrate that the detection effect using en riched sequences is better than that of using truncated sequences. As a SVDD profile is composed of a small amount of support vectors, our SVDD-based method can achieve computation and storage advantage when the detection performance is similar to existing method.
Visibility of microcalcifications in computed and screen-film mammography (1997)

Due to the clinically and technically demanding nature of breast x-ray imaging, mammography still remains one of the few essentially film-based radiological imaging techniques in modern medical imaging. There are a range of possible benefits available if a practical and economical direct digital imaging technique can be introduced to routine clinical practice. There has been much debate regarding the minimum specification required for direct digital acquisition. One such direct digital system available is computed radiography (CR), which has a modest specification when compared with modern screen-film mammography (SFM) systems. This paper details two psychophysical studies in which the detection of simulated microcalcifications with CR has been directly compared to that with SFM. The first study found that under scatter-free conditions the minimum detectable size of microcalcification was approximately 130 microns for both SFM and CR. The second study found that SFM had a 4.6% higher probability of observers being able to correctly identify the shape of 350 microns diameter test details; there was no significant difference for-either larger or smaller test details. From the results of these studies it has been demonstrated that the modest specification of CR, in terms of limiting resolution, does not translate into a dramatic difference in the perception of details at the limit of detectability. When judging the imaging performance of a system it is more important to compare the signal-to-noise ratio transfer spectrum characteristics, rather than simply the modulation transfer function.
Fabrication of Elastin-Like Polypeptide Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery by Electrospraying (2008)

The development of environmentally responsive drug carriers requires new methods for assembling stimuli-responsive nanoparticulates. This communication describes a novel application of electrospray to construct bioresponsive peptide-based particulates, which can encapsulate drugs. These particles are composed from genetically engineered elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), a biodegradable, biocompatible, and bioresponsive polymer. To generate nanoparticles (300-400 nm in diameter), ELPs and drugs are codissolved in organic solvent, accelerated across a voltage gradient, dried by evaporation during transit, and collected from a target surface. These findings indicate that particle diameter, polydispersity, and morphology are strong functions of the solvent concentration, spraying voltage, and polymer molecular weight. Surprisingly, the loading of drug at 20 w/w% did not influence particle morphology; furthermore, drug release from these particles correlated with the pH-dependent solubility of the parent ELPs. These studies suggest that electrospray is an efficient and flexible method for generating stimuli-responsive drug particles.
Relationship Between Clinical Measures and Histopathologic Findings in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2009)

Mucosal eosinophilia correlates with objective disease severity as defined by CT, endoscopy, and SIT scores. Although other histologic markers of inflammation are present, none show similar correlations. The presence of mucosal eosinophils does not correlate with quality-of-life scores.
In Vivo Imaging of Human Retinal Flow Dynamics by Color Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (2003)

Blood flow dynamics, such as pulsatility and autoregulation, have been shown to change throughout the progression of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Enabling CDOCT to observe retinal dynamics improves its potential as a clinical diagnostic tool.
Behavioral Evidence for Chemosensory and Thermosensory Pathway Convergence in the Caenorhabditis Elegans Nervous System (2002)

The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, is an established model system to explore the ways simple nervous systems detect and direct organismal responses to environmental changes. C. elegans possesses specialized receptor cells for the detection of a variety of environmental stimuli. Separate cell types respond to volatile chemical and thermal stimuli and the neural pathways for these show anatomical evidence of convergence. This work reports findings from behavioral assays during simultaneous exposure of nematodes to both thermal differences and attractant volatile chemicals. Combined exposure to benzaldehyde and cold neutralized the behavioral responses to both stimuli in 24°C acclimated worms. Diacetyl and mild thermal stimulation produced the same effect with 16°C acclimated worms. Benzaldehyde appears to interfere with thermophilic circuitry while diacetyl acts similarly with cryophilic circuitry.
Microbial transformations of antitumor compounds. 1. Conversion of acronycine to 9-hydroxyacronycine by Cunninghamella echinulata (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrobial transformations of antitumor compounds. 1. Conversion of acronycine to 9-hydroxyacronycine by Cunninghamella echinulataRonald E. Betts, David E. Walters, and John P. RosazzaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 6, 599–602Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00252a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00252a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Colony-stimulating factor 3 signaling in colon and rectal cancers: Immune response and CMS classification in TCGA data (2021)

Colorectal cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The mechanisms underlying CRC development, progression, and resistance to treatment are complex and not fully understood. The immune response in the tumor microenvironment has been shown to play a significant role in many cancers, including colorectal cancer. Colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3) has been associated with changes to the immune environment in colorectal cancer animal models. We hypothesized that CSF3 signaling would correlate with pro-tumor tumor microenvironment changes associated with immune infiltrate and response. We utilized publicly available datasets to guide future mechanistic studies of the role CSF3 and its receptor (CSF3R) play in colorectal cancer development and progression. Here, we use bioinformatics data and mRNA from patients with colon (n = 242) or rectal (n = 92) cancers, obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas Firehose Legacy dataset. We examined correlations of CSF3 and CSF3R expression with patient demographics, tumor stage and consensus molecular subtype classification. Gene expression correlations, cell type enrichment, Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data scores and Gene Ontology were used to analyze expression of receptor and ligand, tumor microenvironment infiltration of immune cells, and alterations in biological pathways. We found that CSF3 and CSF3R expression is highest in consensus molecular subtype 1 and consensus molecular subtype 4. Ligand and receptor expression are also correlated with changes in T cell and macrophage signatures. CSF3R significantly correlates with a large number of genes that are associated with poor colorectal cancer prognosis.
STUDIES ON MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF CEPHALOSPORIN C DERIVATIVES. II (1968)

Several cephalosporin derivatives were classified into three groups based on their degradation by bacteria. Different properties of m-Br-PACA and α-Ph-POCA with respect to microbial degradations were also found with other clinically isolated strains of Staph. aureus and E. coli. The antibacterial activity of cephalosporin derivatives is related to degradation by Staph. aureus No. 33, but not that by E. coli No. 11.
The nephrotoxicity of new and old immunosuppressive drugs (1998)

The above snapshot of the relevant literature on chronic Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus nephropathy indicate fertile areas for further study. The reader is referred to recent reviews for a more in-depth analysis of this problem (2).
High-transconductance delta-doped InAs/AlSb HFETs with ultrathin silicon-doped InAs quantum well donor layer (1998)

Modulation-doping of InAs/AlSb quantum wells generally requires the use of chalcogenide donor impurities because silicon, the usual donor of choice in MBE, displays an amphoteric behavior in antimonide compounds. We demonstrate the use of an ultrathin 9 /spl Aring/ silicon doped InAs well to delta-dope the current-carrying InAs channel of an InAs/AlSb heterostructure field-effect transistor (HFET). Using this new approach, we have fabricated delta-doped 0.6-μm gate InAs/AlSb HFETs with a measured extrinsic transconductance of 800 mS/mm at V/sub DS/=0.8 V, a cutoff frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> =60 GHz (F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> =87 GHz), and well-behaved I-V curves. HFET's with a 2-μm gatelength also feature very high transconductances in the 700-800 mS/mm range at V/sub DS/=1.5 V. The present work eliminates the requirement for chalcogenide compound donor sources to delta-dope InAs/AlSb quantum wells by allowing the use of silicon in the fabrication of high-performance InAs/AlSb HFET's.
Autosomal Recessive Hypercholesterolemia Caused by Mutations in a Putative LDL Receptor Adaptor Protein (2001)

Atherogenic low density lipoproteins are cleared from the circulation by hepatic low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLR). Two inherited forms of hypercholesterolemia result from loss of LDLR activity: autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), caused by mutations in the LDLR gene, and autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH), of unknown etiology. Here we map the ARH locus to an approximately 1-centimorgan interval on chromosome 1p35 and identify six mutations in a gene encoding a putative adaptor protein (ARH). ARH contains a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which in other proteins binds NPXY motifs in the cytoplasmic tails of cell-surface receptors, including the LDLR. ARH appears to have a tissue-specific role in LDLR function, as it is required in liver but not in fibroblasts.
Correlation of undermethylation of intracisternal A-particle genes with expression in murine plasmacytomas but not in NIH/3T3 embryo fibroblasts. (1984)

We report here comparative studies of DNA methylation and expression of intracisternal A-particle (IAP) genes in murine plasmacytomas, TEPC-15 and MOPC-315, in NIH/3T3 embryo fibroblasts, and in normal liver from young adult BALB/c mice. In Southern blot analysis using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, we observed hypomethylation of 4.7- and 5.3-kilobase pair IAP proviruses, and partial undermethylation of other IAP DNA fragments in TEPC-15, MOPC-315, and 3T3 cells, while most of these DNA fragments were hypermethylated in liver. The extent of undermethylation at 12 different sites including the long terminal repeat sequence region and 5'-flanking sequence within one specific IAP gene was found to be similar between 3T3 cells and plasmacytomas. Little or no undermethylation of these sites was found in liver. Hypomethylation of IAP genes, however, is not correlated with their expression in 3T3 cells (as it is found for plasmacytomas), since 3T3 cells, like liver cells, have no detectable transcripts. We also observed hypomethylation of the kappa-light chain gene in 3T3 cells, suggesting that undermethylation may be a generalized phenomenon in these cells. The relationships between gene undermethylation and the control of gene expression in 3T3 cells is discussed.
Collagenases in human breast carcinoma cell lines. (1986)

The intense stromal response to some human tumors is termed the desmoplastic reaction. It is found with most human breast carcinomas. Dissolution of this response, containing predominantly fibrous proteins such as collagen and elastin, can occur with treatment. We have undertaken a study of the collagenases of the breast tumor desmoplastic reaction using a tissue culture model composed of human breast tumor cell lines and various human fibroblasts. The breast tumor cells had the higher collagenase activity, particularly the ZR75-31A cell line. Activity was 10-fold higher than that of the stromal cells. The enzyme was secreted into the media and required trypsin pretreatment for activity to be manifest. Partial purification was achieved of the major collagenase species. The protein was a metalloprotease and, like other mammalian collagenases, had a relative molecular weight of 60,000. Classical 3/4 and 1/4 cleavage products of the triple helical collagen substrate were demonstrated, typical of most mammalian collagenases. Only types I and III collagens were suitable substrates for this enzyme, with no apparent preference between the two. The breast tumor collagenases were not responsive to hormones; however, stimulation of activity was apparent in the absence of proteolytic pretreatment. This may represent conversion of the procollagenases of the breast tumor cells to the active form by an estrogen-sensitive plasminogen activator secreted by the same tumor cells.
Extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in CNS repair (2011)

A perineuronal net (PNN) is a layer of lattice-like matrix which enwraps the surface of the soma and dendrites, and in some cases the axon initial segments, in sub-populations of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). First reported by Camillo Golgi more than a century ago, the molecular structure and the potential role of this matrix have only been unraveled in the last few decades. PNNs are mainly composed of hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, link proteins, and tenascin R. The interactions between these molecules allow the formation of a stable pericellular complex surrounding synapses on the neuronal surface. PNNs appear late in development co-incident with the closure of critical periods for plasticity. They play a direct role in the control of CNS plasticity, and their removal is one way in which plasticity can be re-activated in the adult CNS. In this review, we examine the molecular components and formation of PNNs, their role in maturation and synaptic plasticity after CNS injury, and the possible mechanisms of PNN action.
The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis (1948)

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Clostridium difficileToxin B Induces Apoptosis in Intestinal Cultured Cells (1998)

Toxigenic strains of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium difficile produce at least two large, single-chain protein exotoxins involved in the pathogenesis of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. Toxin A (CdA) is a cytotoxic enterotoxin, while toxin B (CdB) is a more potent cytotoxin lacking enterotoxic activity. This study dealt with CdB, providing the first evidence that intestinal cells exposed to this toxin exhibit typical features of apoptosis in that a significant proportion of the treated cells displayed nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. In keeping with ultrastructural data, CdB-treated cells showed the typical flow cytometric hallmark of apoptosis consisting of a distinct sub-G1 peak. The CdB-induced apoptotic response was dose and time dependent and not simply due to the actin-disrupting effect of the toxin or to the subsequent impairment of cell anchorage. Rather, the inhibition of proteins belonging to the Rho family due to CdB seems to play a role in the induction of apoptosis in intestinal cells. The origin of cells and the growth rate may also be cofactors relevant to such a response.
Oligodendrocytes and their precursors require phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling for survival (1996)

Signal transduction in response to several growth factors that regulate oligodendrocyte development and survival involves the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which we detect in oligodendrocytes and their precursors. To investigate the role of this enzyme activity, we analyzed cell survival in cultures of oligodendrocytes treated with wortmannin or LY294002, two potent inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Cell survival was inhibited by 60-70% in these cultures within 24 hours, as quantitated by a tetrazolium staining assay for viable cells and by measurement of DNA content. Similar results were obtained with oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Nuclei of the dying cells contained fragmented DNA, as revealed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling assays, indicating that the cells were dying by apoptosis. Moreover, a significant increase in the number of cells with fragmented nuclear DNA was detected as early as 4 hours, well before any significant differences could be detected in glucose transport or cell viability. Exogenous addition of insulin-like growth factor-I, neurotrophin-3, platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, N-acetyl cysteine, vitamin C, vitamin E, progesterone or serum did not prevent cell death in the presence of wortmannin or LY294002. These findings indicate that survival of oligodendrocytes and their precursors depends on a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mediated signaling pathway. Inhibition of this critical enzyme activity induces apoptotic cell death, even in the presence of exogenous growth factors or serum.
Individual Antigenic Specificity of Isolated Antibodies (1963)

Antisera produced against certain isolated human antibodies showed clear antigenic differences between these antibodies. Individual antigenic specificity was demonstrated for two anti-A antibodies, one anti-dextran, and one anti-levan antibody. Failure to produce specific antisera in other instances appeared to be correlated with a greater heterogeneity of the antibody population used as antigen.