gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection, Stimulation, and Inhibition of Neuronal Signals with High-Density Nanowire Transistor Arrays (2006)

We report electrical properties of hybrid structures consisting of arrays of nanowire field-effect transistors integrated with the individual axons and dendrites of live mammalian neurons, where each nanoscale junction can be used for spatially resolved, highly sensitive detection, stimulation, and/or inhibition of neuronal signal propagation. Arrays of nanowire-neuron junctions enable simultaneous measurement of the rate, amplitude, and shape of signals propagating along individual axons and dendrites. The configuration of nanowire-axon junctions in arrays, as both inputs and outputs, makes possible controlled studies of partial to complete inhibition of signal propagation by both local electrical and chemical stimuli. In addition, nanowire-axon junction arrays were integrated and tested at a level of at least 50 "artificial synapses" per neuron.
2,1‐Benzisothiazoles. XII. . The use of n‐substituted‐2,1‐ benzisothiazolium salts as synthetic equivalents of o‐aminobenz‐ aldehydes. A simple synthesis of some 2‐Quinolones (1983)

Abstract N ‐Substituted‐2,1‐benzisothiazolium salts 2 react with ethyl cyanoacetate in pyridine solution to give substituted 3‐cyano‐2‐quinolones 5.
Twister (2003)

A free-form deformation that warps a surface or solid may be specified in terms of one or several point-displacement constraints that must be interpolated by the deformation. The Twister approach introduced here, adds the capability to impose an orientation change, adding three rotational constraints, at each displaced point. Furthermore, it solves for a space warp that simultaneously interpolates two sets of such displacement and orientation constraints. With a 6 DoF magnetic tracker in each hand, the user may grab two points on or near the surface of an object and simultaneously drag them to new locations while rotating the trackers to tilt, bend, or twist the shape near the displaced points. Using a new formalism based on a weighted average of screw displacements , Twister computes in realtime a smooth deformation, whose effect decays with distance from the grabbed points, simultaneously interpolating the 12 constraints. It is continuously applied to the shape, providing realtime graphic feedback. The two-hand interface and the resulting deformation are intuitive and hence offer an effective direct manipulation tool for creating or modifying 3D shapes.
Direct Functional Interactions between Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-3 and Retinoid X Receptor-α Regulate Transcriptional Signaling and Apoptosis (2000)

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 regulates apoptosis in an IGF-independent fashion and has been shown to localize to nuclei. We cloned the nuclear receptor retinoid X receptor-alpha(RXR-alpha) as an IGFBP-3 protein partner in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Multiple methodologies showed that IGFBP-3 and RXR-alpha bind each other within the nucleus. IGFBP-3-induced apoptosis was abolished in RXR-alpha-knockout cells. IGFBP-3 and RXR ligands were additive in inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. IGFBP-3 enhanced RXR response element and inhibited RARE signaling. Thus, RXR-alpha-IGFBP-3 interaction leads to modulation of the transcriptional activity of RXR-alpha and is essential for mediating the effects of IGFBP-3 on apoptosis.
Syntactic context effects in visual word recognition (2013)

Words are typically encountered in the context of a sentence. Recent studies suggest that the contexts in which a word typically appears can affect the way it is recognized in isolation. We distinguish two types of context: collocational, involving specific lexical items, and syntactic, involving abstract syntactic structures. We investigate the effects of syntactic context using the distribution that verbs induce over the syntactic category of their complements (subcategorization frames). Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data was recorded while participants performed a lexical decision task. Verbs with low-entropy subcategorization distributions, in which most of the probability mass is concentrated on a handful of syntactic categories, elicited increased activity in the left anterior temporal lobe, a brain region associated with combinatory processing. Collocational context did not modulate neural activity, but had an effect on reaction times. These results indicate that both collocational and syntactic contextual factors affect word recognition, even in isolation.
Immunologic Responses of HIV-1–Infected Study Subjects to Immunization With a Mixture of Peptide Protein Derivative–V3 Loop Peptide Conjugates (1999)

V3 loop peptide sequences from several HIV-1 strains were covalently linked to purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A mixture of PPD conjugates of V3 loop peptides from six different strains of HIV-1 induced a stronger antibody response than a single V3 peptide-conjugate administered to guinea pigs and humans. Sera from animals immunized with a PPD-six peptide-PPD conjugate neutralized multiple primary-isolate strains of HIV-1. Potent immune responses were noted only when animals were primed with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), PPD was covalently bound to the peptides, and PPD was used as the carrier protein. Based on these animal studies, an immunogen consisting of PPD-conjugated V3 loop peptides from five HIV-1 strains was tested in 7 HIV-1 seropositive PPD skin test positive study subjects. Vaccinees exhibited over time a uniform increase in neutralizing antibodies for both laboratory adapted and primary isolates of HIV-1, including strains from multiple clades. In 3 patients with baseline viral loads between 8000 and 12,000 RNA copies/ml, the viral load declined in 2 patients to <400 copies/ml and in 1 patient to 1200 copies/ml without concurrent administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
New trends in wireless multimedia communications based on chaos and fractals (2004)

The aim of this paper is to emphasize on the many possible applications of chaos and fractals in wireless multimedia communication systems and to describe the nature and properties of chaotic and fractal signals which make them suitable for solving many of the limitations of wireless channels. Among the considered applications are: (i) the use of fractals in the design of wideband and multiband antennas; (ii) the design of chaotic and fractal spreading codes for spread spectrum and CDMA systems to result in improved performance, increase the capacity and provide more security to the system; (iii) chaotic modulation techniques which provide improved performance in interference environments as well as improved security features; (iv) chaos cryptosystems; (v) fractal modulation techniques which allow multirate transmission and increased reliability; (vi) fractal based compression and watermarking techniques.
Efficient Singlet Fission Discovered in a Disordered Acene Film (2012)

Singlet exciton fission is a process that occurs in select organic semiconductors and entails the splitting of a singlet excited state into two lower triplet excitons located on adjacent chromophores. Research examining this phenomenon has recently seen a renaissance due to the potential to exploit singlet fission within the context of organic photovoltaics to prepare devices with the ability to circumvent the Shockley-Queisser limit. To date, high singlet fission yields have only been reported for crystalline or polycrystalline materials, suggesting that molecular disorder inhibits singlet fission. Here, we report the results of ultrafast transient absorption and time-resolved emission experiments performed on 5,12-diphenyl tetracene (DPT). Unlike tetracene, which tends to form polycrystalline films when vapor deposited, DPT's pendant phenyl groups frustrate crystal growth, yielding amorphous films. Despite the high level of disorder in these films, we find that DPT exhibits a surprisingly high singlet fission yield, with 1.22 triplets being created per excited singlet. This triplet production occurs over two principal time scales, with ~50% of the triplets appearing within 1 ps after photoexcitation followed by a slower phase of triplet growth over a few hundred picoseconds. To fit these kinetics, we have developed a model that assumes that due to molecular disorder, only a subset of DPT dimer pairs adopt configurations that promote fission. Singlet excitons directly excited at these sites can undergo fission rapidly, while singlet excitons created elsewhere in the film must diffuse to these sites to fission.
IgG and IgM rheumatoid factor synthesis in rheumatoid synovial membrane cell cultures (1985)

The detection of rheumatoid factors (RFs) in synovial membranes and fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has suggested that local production of these antiimmunoglobulin autoantibodies may have a role in the pathogenesis of synovitis. To quantitate RF synthesis in the rheumatoid synovial membrane, 12 synovial specimens were obtained from patients with seropositive RA, 5 from patients with seronegative RA, and 6 from patients with other arthritides. Single cell suspensions were cultured, and supernatants were analyzed for IgG, IgM, IgG-RF, and IgM-RF by solid-phase radioimmunoassays. IgM-RF was detected in all of the 12 seropositive culture supernatants, and IgG-RF was detected in 8 of the 12. Addition of cycloheximide to the cultures resulted in a greater than or equal to 40% decreased in the amount of IgM-RF. A similar decrease in IgG-RF occurred in the 4 cultures in which the largest amounts of IgG-RF were detected. IgM-RF synthesis represented 7.3 +/- 0.7% (mean +/- SEM) of the total IgM produced, and IgG-RF represented 2.6 +/- 1.1% (mean +/- SEM) of the IgG synthesized in those cultures with detectable IgG-RF. Cultures of synovial membrane cells (SMC) from seronegative RA patients or patients with other arthritides did not contain detectable amounts of IgM-RF or IgG-RF. Selective synthesis of RF by seropositive synovium was suggested by the observation that the fractions of synthesized IgM with RF activity were greater in the SMC supernatants than in paired sera in all cases, and the fractions of IgG with RF activity were greater in the SMC supernatants of 3 of the 4 cases in which substantial amounts of IgG-RF were produced. Comparison of the percentages of newly synthesized IgM with RF activity in paired cultures of SMC and peripheral blood mononuclear cells similarly indicated selective synthesis of IgM-RF by the synovium. These results demonstrate active and selective synthesis of both IgG-RF and IgM-RF by seropositive SMC. However, RFs account for only a minor fraction of the total Ig produced.
Simultaneous HPLC Determination of Peroxyacetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide (1997)

The first instrumental method for simultaneous determination of peroxyacetic acid (PAA) and hydrogen peroxide has been developed. The successive quantitative reaction of PAA with methyl p-tolyl sulfide (MTS) and hydrogen peroxide with triphenylphosphine (TPP) yields the corresponding sulfoxide MTSO and phosphine oxide TPPO. The reagents and their oxides are separated by HPLC on reversed-phase columns with acetonitrile/water gradient elution within 5 min. External calibration with the solid standards of MTSO and TPPO leads to a very accurate and reliable method. Samples are stable and can be stored after derivatization for several days prior to analysis. Real samples from brewery disinfection were analyzed in comparison to titration with excellent correlation.
(Over)correction of FMR1 deficiency with YAC transgenics: behavioral and physical features (2000)

Fragile X syndrome is a common cause of mental retardation involving loss of expression of the FMR1 gene. The role of FMR1 remains undetermined but the protein appears to be involved in RNA metabolism. Fmr1 knockout mice exhibit a phenotype with some similarities to humans, such as macroorchidism and behavioral abnormalities. As a step toward understanding the function of FMR1 and the determination of the potential for therapeutic approaches to fragile X syndrome, yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) transgenic mice were generated in order to determine whether the Fmr1 knockout mouse phenotype could be rescued. Several transgenic lines were generated that carried the entire FMR1 locus with extensive amounts of flanking sequence. We observed that the YAC transgene supported production of the human protein (FMRP) which was present at levels 10 to 15 times that of endogenous protein and was expressed in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. Macro-orchidism was absent in knockout mice carrying the YAC transgene indicating functional rescue by the human protein. Given the complex behavioral phenotype in fragile X patients and the mild phenotype previously reported for the Fmr1 knockout mouse, we performed a more thorough evaluation of the Fmr1 knockout phenotype using additional behavioral assays that had not previously been reported for this animal model. The mouse displayed reduced anxiety-related responses with increased exploratory behavior. FMR1 YAC transgenic mice overexpressing the human protein did produce opposing behavioral responses and additional abnormal behaviors were also observed. These findings have significant implications for gene therapy for fragile X syndrome since overexpression of the gene may harbor its own phenotype.
The Dermatology Life Quality Index 1994-2007: a comprehensive review of validation data and clinical results (2008)

During the last 14 years there has been a gradual increase in the international use of the DLQI. The brevity and simplicity of use of the DLQI has resulted in its popularity both in clinical practice and in research. However, there are various issues in particular regarding its unidimensionality, differential item functioning, and minimal clinically important difference, which require further research. This article should facilitate the work of potential users of the DLQI by providing a readily available source of references for different aspects of the DLQI.
Increase of PD-L1 expressing B-precursor ALL cells in a patient resistant to the CD19/CD3-bispecific T cell engager antibody blinatumomab (2015)

The bispecific T cell engager blinatumomab has shown encouraging clinical activity in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, about half of relapsed/refractory patients do not respond to therapy. Here, we present the case of a 32-year-old male patient with refractory B-precursor ALL who was resistant to treatment with blinatumomab. Bone marrow immunohistochemistry revealed T cell infiltrates and an increase in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive ALL cells as a potential immune escape mechanism. We were able to recapitulate the clinical observation in vitro by showing that blinatumomab was not able to mediate cytotoxicity of CD19-positive ALL cells using autologous T cells. In contrast, the addition of healthy donor T cells led to lysis of ALL cells.These results strongly encourage further systematic evaluation of checkpoint molecules in cases of blinatumomab treatment failure and might highlight a possible mechanism to overcome resistance to this otherwise highly effective treatment.
PEP4 GENE FUNCTION IS REQUIRED FOR EXPRESSION OF SEVERAL VACUOLAR HYDROLASES IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (1982)

The pep4-3 mutation results in a 90-95% reduction in the levels of five vacuolar hydrolases in yeast, including proteinases A and B, carboxypeptidase Y, RNase(s) and the repressible alkaline phosphatase. The mutation is without effect on two secreted glycoproteins, on an enzyme of the vacuolar membrane, and on a proteinase located outside of the vacuole. Mutations at the PEP4 locus exhibit a dosage effect on the levels of some, but not all, of the enzymes whose expression requires the function of the gene.
Serum levels of soluble stem cell factor and soluble KIT are elevated in patients with atopic dermatitis and correlate with the disease severity (2001)

Serum levels of both peptides in AD patients were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals, whereas patients with psoriasis vulgaris did not show any difference from healthy controls. Both sSCF and sKIT levels were positively correlated with the disease severity in AD patients, and decreased after effective treatment with topical corticosteroids. Conclusion Serum levels of sSCF and sKIT may be useful indicators for evaluation of the activity and severity of AD.
UME6 is a key regulator of nitrogen repression and meiotic development. (1994)

This report describes the identification, cloning, and molecular analysis of UME6 (CAR80/CARGRI), a key transcriptional regulator of early meiotic gene expression. Loss of UME6 function results in the accumulation of fully derepressed levels (70- to 100-fold increase above basal level) of early meiotic transcripts during vegetative growth. In contrast, mutations in five previously identified UME loci (UME1 to UME5), result in low to moderate derepression (2- to 10-fold increase) of early meiotic genes. The behavior of insertion and deletion alleles indicates that UME6 is dispensable for mitotic division but is required for meiosis and spore germination. Despite the high level of meiotic gene expression during vegetative growth, the generation times of ume6 mutant haploid and diploid cells are only slightly reduced. However, both ascus formation and spore viability are affected more severely. The UME6 gene encodes a 91-kD protein that contains a C6 zinc cluster motif similar to the DNA-binding domain of GAL4. The integrity of this domain is required for UME6 function. It has been reported recently that a mutation in CAR80 fails to complement an insertion allele of UME6. CAR80 is a gene required for nitrogen repression of the arginine catabolic enzymes. Here, through sequence analysis, we demonstrate that UME6 and CAR80 are identical. Analyses of UME6 mRNA during both nitrogen starvation and meiotic development indicate that its transcription is constitutive, suggesting that regulation of UME6 activity occurs at a post-transcriptional level.
A totally implantable drug delivery system for local therapy of the middle and inner ear. (1997)

Local therapy of middle and inner ear diseases is being used, but is restricted to cases of ear drum perforation or to repeated invasive intratympanic drug application by the physician. In accordance with the Medical Device Directive (class III), a bone-anchored, totally implantable drug delivery system (TI-DDS) has been developed. It includes a micropump for subcutaneous, patient-controlled activation, a drug reservoir and a septum port. A thin guide-wired catheter leads from the pump outlet to the point of application in the mastoid or middle ear cavities. Local inner ear therapy with suitable drugs is possible by positioning the catheter's end near the round window membrane. The system requires no battery and will offer a wide range of patient-controlled bolus applications (25 microliters per activation). We first analyzed the three-dimensional implantation geometry of the mastoid cavity. Basic micromechanical problems have been solved in order to create several prototypes. The TI-DDS has already undergone extensive in vitro testing. Recent results of pump rate precision and digital pressure force testing are promising. Local drug treatment for conditions such as lidocaine-sensitive tinnitus, secretory otitis media, Meniere's disease, localized pain and intralesional cancer is under discussion. Furthermore, local application of future biotechnological trophic factors for inner ear treatment is anticipated. The basic engineering is completed and initial animal tests are in preparation.
Dietary Fiber in Weaning Foods of Young Children (1995)

Fiber-containing foods share unique characteristics with nutritional and metabolic implications for the weaning infant. Whole cereals, green vegetables, and legumes should be routinely introduced during the weaning process to achieve a better nutritional balance and to accustom children to diets with fiber content. The daily intake of fiber should be gradually increased to 5 g/d during the second semester of life.
Role of Compensatory Enlargement and Shrinkage in Transplant Coronary Artery Disease (1997)

In this study, serial IVUS shows that early after cardiac transplantation, a large proportion of the coronary segments with progression of intimal thickening have compensatory dilation of the vessel wall. However, a substantial number of coronary segments (22%) show no compensatory dilation or shrinkage. The progressive luminal narrowing in transplant patients may be due in part to vessel shrinkage or the lack of compensatory dilation over time.
A Coarse-Grained Array Accelerator for Software-Defined Radio Baseband Processing (2008)

A shrinking energy budget for mobile devices and increasingly complex communication standards make architecture development for software-defined radio very challenging. Coarse-grained array accelerators are strong candidates for achieving both high performance and low power. The C-programmable hybrid CGA-SIMD accelerator presented here targets emerging broadband cellular and wireless LAN standards, achieving up to 100-Mbps throughput with an average power consumption of 220 mW.
Combining evidence from residual phase and MFCC features for speaker recognition (2005)

The objective of this letter is to demonstrate the complementary nature of speaker-specific information present in the residual phase in comparison with the information present in the conventional mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). The residual phase is derived from speech signal by linear prediction analysis. Speaker recognition studies are conducted on the NIST-2003 database using the proposed residual phase and the existing MFCC features. The speaker recognition system based on the residual phase gives an equal error rate (EER) of 22%, and the system using the MFCC features gives an EER of 14%. By combining the evidence from both the residual phase and the MFCC features, an EER of 10.5% is obtained, indicating that speaker-specific excitation information is present in the residual phase. This information is useful since it is complementary to that of MFCCs.
General Analysis on the Use of Tesla's Resonators in Domino Forms for Wireless Power Transfer (2011)

In this paper, we present a brief overview of historical developments of wireless power and an analysis on the use of Tesla's resonators in domino forms for wireless power transfer. Relay resonators are spaced between the transmitter and receiver coils with the objectives of maximizing energy efficiency and increasing the overall transmission distance between the power source and the load. Analytical expressions for the optimal load and maximum efficiency at resonance frequency are derived. These equations are verified with practical measurements obtained from both coaxial and noncoaxial domino resonator systems. To avoid the use of high operating frequency for wireless power transfer in previous related research, the technique presented here can be used at submegahertz operation so as to minimize the power loss in both the power supply and the output stage. We demonstrated both theoretically and practically that unequal spacing for the coaxial straight domino systems has better efficiency performance than the equal-spacing method. Also, the flexibility of using resonators in various domino forms is demonstrated.
CACTUS: a symbolic CMOS two-dimensional compactor (1990)

This paper describes CACTUS, a two dimensional symbolic compactor that can handle stacking rules, transistors with any shape, long contact plus body-ties. Other features are (i) wire-length minimization, (ii) overconstraints relaxation, (iii) user-defined constraints, (iv) four different types of envelop positioning. CACTUS is internally based on an enhanced virtual grid structure and constraint graphs.