gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple metal-carbon bonds. 8. Preparation, characterization, and mechanism of formation of the tantalum and niobium neopentylidene complexes, M(CH2CMe3)3(CHCMe3) (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple metal-carbon bonds. 8. Preparation, characterization, and mechanism of formation of the tantalum and niobium neopentylidene complexes, M(CH2CMe3)3(CHCMe3)Richard R. Schrock and Jere D. FellmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 11, 3359–3370Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00479a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00479a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2885Altmetric-Citations271LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Techniques for the design of java operating systems (2000)

Language-basedextensible systems, such as Java Virtual Machines and SPIN, use type safety to provide memory safety in a single address space. By using software to provide safety, they can support more efficient IPC. Memory safety alone, however, is not sufficient to protect different applications from each other. Such systems need to support a process model that enables the control and management of computational resources. In particular, language-based extensible systems should support resource control mechanisms analogous to those in standard operating systems. They need to support the separation of processes and limit their use of resources, but still support safe and efficient IPC. We demonstrate how this challenge is being addressed in several Java-based systems. First, we lay out the design choices when implementing a process model in Java. Second, we compare the solutions that have been explored in several projects: Alta, K0, and the J-Kernel. Alta closely models the Fluke oper...
RNAmmer: consistent and rapid annotation of ribosomal RNA genes (2007)

The publication of a complete genome sequence is usually accompanied by annotations of its genes. In contrast to protein coding genes, genes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are often poorly or inconsistently annotated. This makes comparative studies based on rRNA genes difficult. We have therefore created computational predictors for the major rRNA species from all kingdoms of life and compiled them into a program called RNAmmer. The program uses hidden Markov models trained on data from the 5S ribosomal RNA database and the European ribosomal RNA database project. A pre-screening step makes the method fast with little loss of sensitivity, enabling the analysis of a complete bacterial genome in less than a minute. Results from running RNAmmer on a large set of genomes indicate that the location of rRNAs can be predicted with a very high level of accuracy. Novel, unannotated rRNAs are also predicted in many genomes. The software as well as the genome analysis results are available at the CBS web server.
Patient-specific whole-body dosimetry: principles and a simplified method for clinical implementation. (1998)

The purpose of this article is to describe the methods used to determine the precise, patient-specific dose (in mCi) of 131I anti-B1 antibody needed to deliver a specified whole-body radiation dose (generally 75 cGy) to patients being treated for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.The general principles, as well as simplified methods for dosimetry calculation, are described, and a "worked" example is provided. The approach described involves administration of a tracer dose that is used to determine the patient-specific whole-body residence time. The total-body radiation dose per unit of cumulated activity is calculated using an ellipsoid model of the human body, with an assumption of uniform distribution of radioactivity. Together, they determine the appropriate patient-specific therapeutic dose of radiolabeled antibody needed to deliver a specified total-body dose of radiation.Because a monoexponential whole-body effective half-time adequately describes the total-body kinetics, the patient's whole-body residence time is estimated from three whole-body radioactivity observations obtained over 6-7 days. Whole-body counts can be collected using either a thyroid probe system or a whole-body gamma camera. The residence time, in conjunction with the patient's weight, determines the desired therapeutic activity. Dose attenuations are instituted for obesity and reduced blood platelet counts.Methods for determining total-body dose of radiation, including a simplified dosimetric method based on just three data points, are described. Tables and graphs to allow such calculations are presented for radioimmunotherapy with 131I anti-B1 antibody, although they are likely to be useful in other forms of radiopharmaceutical therapy as well.
Hedgehog-Induced Survival of B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells in a Stromal Cell Microenvironment: A Potential New Therapeutic Target (2008)

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is characterized by an accumulation of neoplastic B cells due to their resistance to apoptosis and increased survival. Among various factors, the tumor microenvironment is known to play a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival of many cancers. However, it remains unclear how the tumor microenvironment contributes to the increased survival of B-CLL cells. Therefore, we studied the influence of bone marrow stromal cell-induced hedgehog (Hh) signaling on the survival of B-CLL cells. Our results show that a Hh signaling inhibitor, cyclopamine, inhibits bone marrow stromal cell-induced survival of B-CLL cells, suggesting a role for Hh signaling in the survival of B-CLL cells. Furthermore, gene expression profiling of primary B-CLL cells (n = 48) indicates that the expression of Hh signaling molecules, such as GLI1, GLI2, SUFU, and BCL2, is significantly increased and correlates with disease progression of B-CLL patients with clinical outcome. In addition, SUFU and GLI1 transcripts, as determined by real-time PCR, are significantly overexpressed and correlate with adverse indicators of clinical outcome in B-CLL patients, such as cytogenetics or CD38 expression. Furthermore, selective down-regulation of GLI1 by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (GLI1-ASO) results in decreased BCL2 expression and cell survival, suggesting that GLI1 may regulate BCL2 and, thereby, modulate cell survival in B-CLL. In addition, there was significantly increased apoptosis of B-CLL cells when cultured in the presence of GLI1-ASO and fludarabine. Together, these results reveal that Hh signaling is important in the pathogenesis of B-CLL and, hence, may be a potential therapeutic target.
T4 Endonuclease VII (1996)

The DNA junction-resolving enzyme endonuclease VII of bacteriophage T4 contains a zinc-binding region toward the N-terminal end of the primary sequence. In the center of this 39-amino acid section (between residues 38 and 44) lies the sequence HLDHDHE, termed the His-acid cluster. Closely related sequences are found in three other proteins that have similar zinc-binding motifs. We have analyzed the function of these residues by a site-directed mutagenesis approach, modifying single amino acids and studying the properties of the resulting N-terminal protein A fusions. No sequence changes within the His-acid cluster led to a change in zinc content of the protein, indicating that these residues are not involved in the coordination of zinc. We found that the N-terminal aspartate residue (Asp-40) and the two histidine residues (His-41 and His-43) within the cluster are essential for junction-cleavage activity of the proteins. However, all sequence variations within this region generate proteins that retain their ability to bind to four-way DNA junctions (with minor changes in binding affinity in some cases) and to distort their global structure in the same manner as active enzymes. We conclude that the process of cleavage can be uncoupled from those of binding to and distortion of the junction. It is probable that some amino acid side chains of the His-acid cluster participate in the phosphodiester cleavage mechanism of endonuclease VII. The essential aspartate residue might be required for coordination of catalytic metal ions.
Live-cell imaging reveals sequential oligomerization and local plasma membrane targeting of stromal interaction molecule 1 after Ca 2+ store depletion (2007)

Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) has recently been identified by our group and others as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) sensor that responds to ER Ca(2+) store depletion and activates Ca(2+) channels in the plasma membrane (PM). The molecular mechanism by which STIM1 transduces signals from the ER lumen to the PM is not yet understood. Here we developed a live-cell FRET approach and show that STIM1 forms oligomers within 5 s after Ca(2+) store depletion. These oligomers rapidly dissociated when ER Ca(2+) stores were refilled. We further show that STIM1 formed oligomers before its translocation within the ER network to ER-PM junctions. A mutant STIM1 lacking the C-terminal polybasic PM-targeting motif oligomerized after Ca(2+) store depletion but failed to form puncta at ER-PM junctions. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching measurements to monitor STIM1 mobility, we show that STIM1 oligomers translocate on average only 2 mum to reach ER-PM junctions, arguing that STIM1 ER-to-PM signaling is a local process that is suitable for generating cytosolic Ca(2+) gradients. Together, our live-cell measurements dissect the STIM1 ER-to-PM signaling relay into four sequential steps: (i) dissociation of Ca(2+), (ii) rapid oligomerization, (iii) spatially restricted translocation to nearby ER-PM junctions, and (iv) activation of PM Ca(2+) channels.
The Reaction of Glucose with Some Amines (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Glucose with Some AminesEleanor Mitts and R. M. HixonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 3, 483–486Publication Date (Print):March 10, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 10 March 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01231a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01231a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1357Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metal Insertion in a Microporous Metal−Organic Framework Lined with 2,2′-Bipyridine (2010)

Reaction of AlCl(3)·6H(2)O with 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid (H(2)bpydc) affords Al(OH)(bpydc) (1, MOF-253), the first metal-organic framework with open 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) coordination sites. The material displays a BET surface area of 2160 m(2)/g and readily complexes metals to afford, for example, 1·xPdCl(2) (x = 0.08, 0.83) and 1·0.97Cu(BF(4))(2). EXAFS spectroscopy performed on 1·0.83PdCl(2) reveals the expected square planar coordination geometry, matching the structure of the model complex (bpy)PdCl(2). Significantly, the selectivity factor for binding CO(2) over N(2) under typical flue gas conditions is observed to increase from 2.8 in 1 to 12 in 1·0.97Cu(BF(4))(2).
Rezoning - the Central Process in Development Control Planning (1996)

The process of zoning is an essential basic element in local government planning. While urban zoning is well understood and widely implemented, rural zoning is more complex, and the paper analyses Walther's 'five dilemmas' of rural zoning. The options of (a) on-going amendment of Development Control Plans to meet unconstrained population growth, or (b) long-term planning of residential zones, as a basis for the maintenance of quality of life in rural shires are contrasted. The Esk Shire strategic plan is analysed as a case study in zoning and population planning in a rapidly developing region of eastern Queensland.
A Subset of Toll-Like Receptor Ligands Induces Cross-presentation by Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells (2003)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are capable of cross-presenting exogenous Ag to CD8(+) CTLs. Detection of microbial products by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) leads to activation of DCs and subsequent orchestration of an adaptive immune response. We hypothesized that microbial TLR ligands could activate DCs to cross-present Ag to CTLs. Using DCs and CTLs in an in vitro cross-presentation system, we show that a subset of microbial TLR ligands, namely ligands of TLR3 (poly(inosinic-cytidylic) acid) and TLR9 (immunostimulatory CpG DNA), induces cross-presentation. In contrast to presentation of Ag to CD4(+) T cells by immature DCs, TLR-induced cross-presentation is mediated by mature DCs, is independent of endosomal acidification, and relies on cytosolic Ag processing machinery.
A Potent and Selective Small-Molecule Inhibitor for the Lymphoid-Specific Tyrosine Phosphatase (LYP), a Target Associated with Autoimmune Diseases (2013)

Lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family of signaling enzymes, is associated with a broad spectrum of autoimmune diseases. Herein we describe our structure-based lead optimization efforts within a 6-hydroxy-benzofuran-5-carboxylic acid series culminating in the identification of compound 8b, a potent and selective inhibitor of LYP with a K(i) value of 110 nM and more than 9-fold selectivity over a large panel of PTPs. The structure of LYP in complex with 8b was obtained by X-ray crystallography, providing detailed information about the molecular recognition of small-molecule ligands binding LYP. Importantly, compound 8b possesses highly efficacious cellular activity in both T- and mast cells and is capable of blocking anaphylaxis in mice. Discovery of 8b establishes a starting point for the development of clinically useful LYP inhibitors for treating a wide range of autoimmune disorders.
Self‐Assembly of M24L48 Polyhedra Based on Empirical Prediction (2012)

Critical structural switch: A small initial difference in the angle within bidentate ligands (see scheme) is amplified into an incommensurable difference in the resultant structures (M12L24 or M24L48). This molecular-level emergent behavior was predicted from the empirical threshold of the ligand bend angle, determined by a ligand mixing experiment, for the critical M12L24/M24L48 switchover.
Measuring optical absorption coefficient of pure water in UV using the integrating cavity absorption meter. (2008)

The integrating cavity absorption meter (ICAM) has been used successfully to measure&#13;\nthe low absorption coefficient of pure water. The ICAM produces an effective total path&#13;\nlength of several meters or even longer, although the physical size of the instrument is&#13;\nonly several centimeters. The long effective total path length ensures a high sensitivity&#13;\nthat enables the ICAM to measure liquid mediums with low absorption. Compared to the&#13;\nconventional transmission type of instruments that were used to measure the same&#13;\nmedium with the same path length, the ICAM eliminates the effect of scattering by&#13;\nintroducing isotropic illumination in the medium, and consequently measures the true&#13;\nabsorption coefficient of the medium in stead of the attenuation coefficient. The original&#13;\nICAM was constructed with Spectralon and used in the wavelength range from 380 nm&#13;\nto 700 nm. Later studies showed that Spectralon is not suitable for measurements in the&#13;\nUV region because of its relatively lower reflectivity in this region and, even worse, the&#13;\ncontinuously decaying reflectivity under the exposure to UV radiation. Thus, we have&#13;\ndeveloped a new way to construct the ICAM utilizing the material fumed silica. The resulting ICAM has a high sensitivity even in the UV region and doesn't have the&#13;\ndeterioration problem. The measurement results from the new ICAM are in good&#13;\nagreement with the existing results. The absorption coefficients of pure water at&#13;\nwavelengths between 250 nm and 400 nm are presented here.
DwaRa: A Deep Learning-Based Dynamic Toll Pricing Scheme for Intelligent Transportation Systems (2020)

In Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV) ecosystems, intelligent toll gates (ITGs) connect nearby metropolitan cities through smart highways. At ITGs, existing solutions integrate blockchain (BC) and deep-learning schemes to leverage trusted and responsive analytics support for connected smart vehicles (CSVs) at ITGs. BC eliminates third-party intermediaries, and secures payments between vehicle owners (VO) and governing authorities (GA). Deep-Learning, on the other hand, facilitates accurate predictions for diverse and complex urban traffic conditions. However, due to fixed toll pricing schemes based on connected smart vehicles (CSV) type, VOs suffer from variable delays at different lanes due to dynamic congestion scenarios. To address the research gaps of such a fixed pricing schemes, we propose a BC-envisioned scheme DwaRa, that operates in three phases. In the first phase, future traffic is predicted based on Markov queues to balance the congestion at different lanes at ITGs efficiently. Then, we propose a novel spatially induced-long-short term memory (SI-LSTM) model to predict current traffic and weather based on historical repositories. Second, based on inputs by the Markov model, SI-LSTM, lane type, and vehicle type, a dynamic pricing algorithm is presented to improve the quality of experience (QoE) of the VO. Finally, based on dynamic price fixation between the VO and the GA, smart contracts (SCs) are executed and transactional data is secured through BC. The proposed scheme is compared against parameters like average mean-squared error (MSE), predicted traffic, scalability, interplanetary file system (IPFS) storage, computation (CC), and communication cost (CCM). At n = 100 test samples, and arrival rate β = 80, the obtained MSE is 0.0012, with a peak average value of 0.00526. The overall CC is 45.88 milliseconds (ms) and CCM is 53 bytes that indicate the proposed scheme efficacy against conventional approaches.
Parathyroid hormone may maintain bone formation in hibernating black bears (Ursus americanus) to prevent disuse osteoporosis (2006)

Mechanical unloading of bone causes an imbalance in bone formation and resorption leading to bone loss and increased fracture risk. Black bears (Ursus americanus) are inactive for up to six months during hibernation, yet bone mineral content and strength do not decrease with disuse or aging. To test whether hibernating bears have biological mechanisms to prevent disuse osteoporosis, we measured the serum concentrations of hormones and growth factors involved in bone metabolism and correlated them with the serum concentration of a bone formation marker (osteocalcin). Serum was obtained from black bears over a 7-month duration that included periods of activity and inactivity. Both resorption and formation markers increased during hibernation, suggesting high bone turnover occurred during inactivity. However, bone formation appeared to be balanced with bone resorption. The serum concentration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) was higher in the hibernation (P=0.35) and post-hibernation (P=0.006) seasons relative to pre-hibernation levels. Serum leptin was lower (P<0.004) post-hibernation relative to pre-hibernation and hibernation periods. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) decreased (P<0.0001) during hibernation relative to pre-hibernation and reached its highest value during remobilization. There was no difference (P=0.64) in 25-OH vitamin D between the three seasons. Serum osteocalcin (bone formation marker) was significantly correlated with PTH, but not with leptin, IGF-I or 25-OH vitamin D. Osteocalcin and PTH were positively correlated when samples from all seasons were pooled and when only hibernation samples were considered, raising the possibility that the anabolic actions of PTH help maintain bone formation to prevent disuse osteoporosis. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release from MC3T3 osteoblastic cells was significantly affected by treatment with bear serum from different seasons (i.e. hibernation versus active periods). The seasonal changes in PGE(2) release showed trends similar to the seasonal changes in serum IGF-I. Since both PGE(2) and IGF-I are associated with collagenous bone formation, it is possible that seasonal changes in a circulating factor influence IGF-I levels in vivo in bears and PGE(2) release in osteoblastic cells in vitro. The significant decrease in serum leptin following arousal from hibernation may promote bone formation during remobilization, assuming there is a similar decrease in intracerebroventricular leptin. These findings support the idea that seasonal changes in the concentration of circulating molecules help regulate bone formation activity and may be important for preventing disuse osteoporosis in bears.
Control of the Synthesis of Fatty-Acid Synthetase in Rat Liver by Insulin, Glucagon, and Adenosine 3′:5′ Cyclic Monophosphate (1972)

The usual increase in the activity of liver fatty-acid synthetase that occurs on refeeding of a fat-free diet to previously fasted rats is abolished in diabetic animals. Insulin specifically restores this increase by enhancement of the rate of synthesis of fatty-acid synthetase. However, glucagon and cyclic AMP inhibit the increase in the activity of fatty-acid synthetase. Therefore, the concentration of fatty-acid synthetase in rat liver is under the control of the relative concentrations of insulin and glucagon.
Gene deletion of inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 reveals inositol pyrophosphate regulation of insulin secretion, growth, and spermiogenesis (2008)

Inositol pyrophosphates, also designated inositol diphosphates, possess high-energy beta-phosphates that can pyrophosphorylate proteins and regulate various cellular processes. They are formed by a family of inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks). We have created mice with a targeted deletion of IP6K1 in which production of inositol pyrophosphates is markedly diminished. Defects in the mutants indicate important roles for IP6K1 and inositol pyrophosphates in several physiological functions. Male mutant mice are sterile with defects in spermiogenesis. Mutant mice are smaller than wild-type despite normal food intake. The mutants display markedly lower circulating insulin.