gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Limited-range wavelength translation in all-optical networks (2002)

This paper examines wavelength translation in all-optical wavelength-routed networks. Previous studies have shown that wavelength translation can improve the blocking performance of these networks. However, all the previous work has assumed that wavelength translators can translate from any input wavelength to any output wavelength. In contrast, all-optical wavelength translators demonstrated in the laboratory to date are, in general, only capable of limited translation. We assess, for the first time, the network performance improvements offered by realistic all-optical wavelength translators with a limited translation range. In particular, we consider all-optical wavelength translators based on four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers. Using a simple model for their function, we consider the blocking performance of two-hop and multiple-hop paths, and unidirectional ring and mesh-torus networks. In all the cases we consider, significant improvement in the blocking performance of the network is obtained when limited-range wavelength translators with as little as one quarter of the full range an introduced. We also find that almost all of the network performance improvement observed by an ideal wavelength translator can be gained from a translator with only half of the full translation range.
Active refocusing of images and videos (2007)

We present a system for refocusing images and videos of dynamic scenes using a novel, single-view depth estimation method. Our method for obtaining depth is based on the defocus of a sparse set of dots projected onto the scene. In contrast to other active illumination techniques, the projected pattern of dots can be removed from each captured image and its brightness easily controlled in order to avoid under- or over-exposure. The depths corresponding to the projected dots and a color segmentation of the image are used to compute an approximate depth map of the scene with clean region boundaries. The depth map is used to refocus the acquired image after the dots are removed, simulating realistic depth of field effects. Experiments on a wide variety of scenes, including close-ups and live action, demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
<title>Materials screening for attenuating embedded phase-shift photoblanks for DUV and 193-nm photolithography</title> (1996)

We surveyed more than 150 different materials as candidates for optically tunable (at 248 nm and 193 nm), attenuating embedded phase-shift masks. Multicomponent materials with four distinct microstructures: (1) composites, (2) cermets, (3) multilayers, and (4) copolymers, where one component was optically clear at the application wavelength and the other component more optically absorbing, provided a systematic approach for adjusting the needed optical properties: specifically, optical transmission and (pi) -phase-shift. From evaluation of optical properties and other mask manufacturability issues, including chemical and radiation durability, etch selectivity, alignment and inspection properties, film stress and adhesion, we identified promising nitride and oxide materials based on MN<SUB>x</SUB>-AIN (M equals Cr, Mo, W,...) and M'O<SUB>y</SUB>-RuO<SUB>2</SUB> (M' equals Al, HF, Zr...) as well as promising polymers.
Expression of 5-aminolaevulinate synthase and cytochrome P-450 mRNAs in chicken embryo hepatocytes in vivo and in culture. Effect of porphyrinogenic drugs and haem (1989)

Expression of 5-aminolaevulinate synthase and cytochrome P450 mRNAs in chicken embryo hepatocytes in
Self‐Assembled Aggregates of IgGs as Templates for the Growth of Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles (2004)

Immunoglobulin G templates: Clusters of gold nanoparticles are grown (see picture) from templates formed from the self-assembly of immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) by using a synthetic divalent antigen. Carbohydrates inherent to IgGs create local nucleation centers for the electroless deposition of gold. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53161_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cytokine and Growth Factor Induction of c-fos Expression in Chondrocytes (1995)

The cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and the growth factor basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are known to induce early response genes such as c-fos and c-jun in various cell types. Activation of AP-1, a heterodimeric complex of Fos and Jun proteins, is required for matrix metalloproteinase production and cell proliferation. However, the signaling pathways by which these two factors influence the expression and activities of AP-1 remain currently poorly characterized. Several studies have shown that cytokines induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, but growth factor induction of ROS has not been reported. In the present study we demonstrate that both TNF alpha and bFGF induce ROS production, and that this is a common signaling event involved in the stimulation of c-fos gene expression in chondrocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first report directly demonstrating ROS production upon stimulation with a growth factor. TNF alpha and bFGF induction of ROS production is mediated through flavonoid-containing enzymes such as NADPH oxidase. Moreover, the ROS nitric oxide is not responsible for the induction of c-fos expression by TNF alpha and bFGF. In addition, the inhibitory effects of antioxidants on c-fos expression may account for their protective roles against proliferative and inflammatory diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis.
Optimizing memory accesses for spatial computation (2003)

In this paper we present the internal representation and optimizations used by the CASH compiler for improving the memory parallelism of pointer-based programs. CASH uses an SSA-based representation for memory, which compactly summarizes both control-flow-and dependence information.In CASH, memory optimization is a four-step process: (1)first an initial, relatively coarse, representation of memory dependences is built; (2) next, unnecessary memory dependences are removed using dependence tests; (3) third, redundant memory operations are removed (4)finally, parallelism is increased by pipelining memory accesses in loops. While the first three steps above are very general, the loop pipelining transformations are particularly applicable for spatial computation, which is the primary target of CASH.The redundant memory removal optimizations presented are: load/store hoisting (subsuming partial redundancy elimination and common-subexpression elimination), load-after-store removal, store-before-store removal (dead store removal) and loop-invariant load motion.One of our loop pipelining transformations is a new form of loop parallelization, called loop decoupling. This transformation separates independent memory accesses within a loop body into several independent loops, which are allowed dynamically to slip with respect to each other. A new computational primitive, a token generator is used to dynamically control the amount of slip, allowing maximum freedom, while guaranteeing that no memory dependences are violated.
Comparison of modified Minitek system with Staph-Ident system for species identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci (1987)

A modified Minitek system (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) for species identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci was compared with the Staph-Ident system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.). The conventional method of Kloos and Schleifer (J. Clin. Microbiol. 1:82-88, 1975) was used as the reference method for identification. When tested with 78 coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates from 63 children with cancer. Minitek concurred with the conventional identification in 67 (86%) isolates and Staph-Ident concurred in 61 (78%) isolates. Identification of species other than Staphylococcus epidermidis was better with Staph-Ident (19 of 23 isolates) than with Minitek (14 of 23 isolates). Concordance of results was likewise high, 88% (7 of 8) for Minitek and 100% (8 of 8) for Staph-Ident in studies with eight coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, Md.). We conclude that the modified Minitek system is a practical and reliable test for identifying coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical microbiology laboratories. Its versatility and larger repertoire of biochemical tests may offer advantages over the Staph-Ident system.
Secondary Structure of 16 S Ribosomal RNA (1981)

A secondary structure model for 16S ribosomal RNA which is based on available chemical, enzymatic, and comparative sequence data shows good agreement between constraints dictated by the model and a wide variety of experimental observations. The four major structural domains created by the base-pairing scheme correspond closely to RNA fragments isolated after nuclease digestion in the presence of bound ribosomal proteins. Functionally important sites appear to be located in unpaired regions and are phylogenetically highly conserved.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Degradation and Fractionation of Saccharides and Polysaccharides (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modulation of volatile organic compound formation in the Mycodiesel-producing endophyte Hypoxylon sp. CI-4 (2011)

An endophytic Hypoxylon sp. (strain CI-4) producing a wide spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including 1,8-cineole, 1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene and cyclohexane, 1,2,4-tris(methylene), was selected as a candidate for the modulation of VOC production. This was done in order to learn if the production of these and other VOCs can be affected by using agents that may modulate the epigenetics of the fungus. Many of the VOCs made by this organism are of interest because of their high energy densities and thus the potential they might have as Mycodiesel fuels. Strain CI-4 was exposed to the epigenetic modulators suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, a histone deacetylase) and 5-azacytidine (AZA, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor). After these treatments the organism displayed striking cultural changes, including variations in pigmentation, growth rates and odour, in addition to significant differences in the bioactivities of the VOCs. The resulting variants were designated CI4-B, CI4-AZA and CI4-SAHA. GC/MS analyses of the VOCs produced by the variants showed considerable variation, with the emergence of several compounds not previously observed in the wild-type, particularly an array of tentatively identified terpenes such as α-thujene, sabinene, γ-terpinene, α-terpinolene and β-selinene, in addition to several primary and secondary alkanes, alkenes, organic acids and derivatives of benzene. Proton transfer reaction mass spectroscopic analyses showed a marked increase in the ratio of ethanol (mass 47) to the total mass of all other ionizable VOCs, from ~0.6 in the untreated strain CI-4 to ~0.8 in CI-4 grown in the presence of AZA. Strain CI4-B was created by exposure of the fungus to 100 µM SAHA; upon removal of the epigenetic modulator from the culture medium, it did not revert to the wild-type phenotype. Results of this study have implications for understanding why there may be a wide range of VOCs found in various isolates of this fungus in nature.
A Novel Chimeric Antigen Receptor Against Prostate Stem Cell Antigen Mediates Tumor Destruction in a Humanized Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer (2014)

Despite advances in the understanding of its molecular pathophysiology, pancreatic cancer remains largely incurable, highlighting the need for novel therapies. We developed a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), a glycoprotein that is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer starting at early stages of malignant transformation. To optimize the CAR design, we used antigen-recognition domains derived from mouse or human antibodies, and intracellular signaling domains containing one or two T cell costimulatory elements, in addition to CD3zeta. Comparing multiple constructs established that the CAR based on human monoclonal antibody Ha1-4.117 had the greatest reactivity in vitro. To further analyze this CAR, we developed a human pancreatic cancer xenograft model and adoptively transferred CAR-engineered T cells into animals with established tumors. CAR-engineered human lymphocytes induced significant antitumor activity, and unlike what has been described for other CARs, a second-generation CAR (containing CD28 cosignaling domain) induced a more potent antitumor effect than a third-generation CAR (containing CD28 and 41BB cosignaling domains). While our results provide evidence to support PSCA as a target antigen for CAR-based immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer, the expression of PSCA on selected normal tissues could be a source of limiting toxicity.
Manipulating The Genome By Homologous Recombination In Embryonic Stem Cells (1992)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Pharmacokinetics of Deutetrabenazine and Tetrabenazine: Dose Proportionality and Food Effect (2020)

Deutetrabenazine (Austedo, Teva), an approved treatment of chorea in Huntington's disease and tardive dyskinesia in adult patients, is a rationally designed deuterated form of tetrabenazine. Two studies assessed the pharmacokinetics and safety of deutetrabenazine compared with tetrabenazine, and the effects of food on absorption of the deuterated active metabolites, α-dihydrotetrabenazine (α-HTBZ) and β-dihydrotetrabenazine (β-HTBZ). One study was an open-label 2-part study in healthy volunteers; the first part included a crossover single dose of two 15 mg candidate deutetrabenazine formulations in fed and fasted states compared with tetrabenazine 25 mg in the fasted state, and the second part included single and repeated dosing of the commercial formulation of deutetrabenazine (7.5, 15, and 22.5 mg) compared with tetrabenazine 25 mg. The second study was an open-label 5-way crossover study in healthy volunteers (n = 32) to evaluate relative bioavailability of 4 dose levels of the commercial formulation of deutetrabenazine (6, 12, 18, and 24 mg) with a standard meal and 18 mg with a high-fat meal. Both studies confirmed longer half-lives for active metabolites and lower peak-to-trough fluctuations for the sum of the metabolites (total [α+β]-HTBZ) following deutetrabenazine compared with tetrabenazine (3- to 4-fold and 11-fold, respectively) in steady-state conditions. Deutetrabenazine doses estimated to provide total (α+β)-HTBZ exposure comparable to tetrabenazine 25 mg were 11.4-13.2 mg. Food had no effect on exposure to total (α+β)-HTBZ, as measured by AUC. Although the total (α+β)-HTBZ C<sub>max</sub> of deutetrabenazine was increased by ≈50% in the presence of food, it remained lower than that of tetrabenazine.
Covalently Binding the Photosystem I to Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

We present a chemical route to covalently couple the photosystem I (PS I) to carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Small linker molecules are used to connect the PS I to the CNTs. Hybrid systems, consisting of CNTs and the PS I, promise new photo-induced transport phenomena due to the outstanding optoelectronic properties of the robust cyanobacteria membrane protein PS I.
Catalytic activity of various salts in the reaction of 2,3-epoxypropyl phenyl ether and carbon dioxide under atmospheric pressure (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic activity of various salts in the reaction of 2,3-epoxypropyl phenyl ether and carbon dioxide under atmospheric pressureNobuhiro Kihara, Nobutaka Hara, and Takeshi EndoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 23, 6198–6202Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00075a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00075a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2323Altmetric-Citations406LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Indirect Auger recombination as a cause of efficiency droop in nitride light-emitting diodes (2011)

InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) exhibit a significant efficiency loss (droop) when operating at high injected carrier densities, the origin of which remains an open issue. Using atomistic first-principles calculations, we show that this efficiency droop is caused by indirect Auger recombination, mediated by electron-phonon coupling and alloy scattering. By identifying the origin of the droop, our results provide a guide to addressing the efficiency issues in nitride LEDs and the development of efficient solid-state lighting.
The Preparation of 2-(2-Oxo-2-Phenylethyl) Benzoic Acids from DilithiatedOrtho-Toluic Acid. (1996)

Abstract ortho-Toluic acid was dimetalated with excess lithium diisopropylamide, and the resulting intermediate was condensed with a variety of aromatic esters to afford new substituted 2-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)benzoic acids (ortho-phenacylbenzoic acids).
131I-Tositumomab Therapy as Initial Treatment for Follicular Lymphoma (2005)

A single one-week course of 131I-tositumomab therapy as initial treatment can induce prolonged clinical and molecular remissions in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma.
Comparison of Single- and Dual-Array Microseismic Mapping Techniques in the Barnett Shale (2005)

Abstract This paper shows a comparison of dual-array microseismic maps with single-well maps for horizontal wells in the Barnett shale. Results from two test cases showing gel and water fracturing maps are given and compared with initial production. Dual-array mapping provides for a much larger areal coverage and increased accuracy when accurate bottomhole locations and velocity structure are available, but do have trade-offs that need to be considered.
The use of broadcast techniques on the universe network (1984)

The Universe network is being used to explore broadcasting techniques in a highly integrated computer communications experiment connecting local area networks via a broadcast satellite channel. The broadcast protocol which has been devised within the Project provides a versatile framework in which different types of broadcast applications can be carried out. The requirements and definition of this protocol are described, and details are given of how the broadcast satellite channel is used and the implementation of the protocols in the system which provides satellite access from each site. Experimental use of the protocol is also described, in particular its use for file distribution. The paper also aims to show how the protocols could be used for more advanced applications.
On the regulation of the p53 tumour suppressor, and its role in the cellular response to DNA damage (1995)

The p53 gene is required for the normal apoptotic response of mammalian cells to DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation and DNA damaging drugs. DNA damage results in the accumulation of biologically active p53. This response is potentially lethal and is therefore highly regulated. By using both biochemical and cell biological approaches a number of discrete control pathways have been identified. These include analysis of cellular and viral proteins that bind to p53 to inactivate its function, the discovery of cells with defects in the p53 activation pathway and the analysis of an allosteric regulation of p53 function controlled by phosphorylation.
New high voltage insulation with increased thermal conductivity (2002)

A new electrical insulating system for high voltage machines has been developed with a thermal conductivity twice as high as conventional systems. It is based on a newly developed mica/glass fabric tape with superior thermal conductivity and designed for processing with vacuum pressure impregnation (VPI) technology. The performance of this new insulating system has been demonstrated through extensive testing. Detailed results are presented.
Valvular Heart Disease Associated with Fenfluramine–Phentermine (1997)

These cases arouse concern that fenfluramine-phentermine therapy may be associated with valvular heart disease. Candidates for fenfluramine-phentermine therapy should be informed about serious potential adverse effects, including pulmonary hypertension and valvular heart disease.
Cooperation among Multiple Transcription Factors Is Required for Access to Minimal T-Cell Receptor α-Enhancer Chromatin In Vivo (1998)

To understand the molecular basis for the dramatic functional synergy between transcription factors that bind to the minimal T-cell receptor alpha enhancer (Ealpha), we analyzed enhancer occupancy in thymocytes of transgenic mice in vivo by genomic footprinting. We found that the formation of a multiprotein complex on this enhancer in vivo results from the occupancy of previously identified sites for CREB/ATF, TCF/LEF, CBF/PEBP2, and Ets factors as well as from the occupancy of two new sites 5' of the CRE site, GC-I (which binds Sp1 in vitro) and GC-II. Significantly, although all sites are occupied on a wild-type Ealpha, all sites are unoccupied on versions of Ealpha with mutations in the TCF/LEF or Ets sites. Previous in vitro experiments demonstrated hierarchical enhancer occupancy with independent binding of LEF-1 and CREB. Our data indicate that the formation of a multiprotein complex on the enhancer in vivo is highly cooperative and that no single Ealpha binding factor can access chromatin in vivo to play a unique initiating role in its assembly. Rather, the simultaneous availability of multiple enhancer binding proteins is required for chromatin disruption and stable binding site occupancy as well as the activation of transcription and V(D)J recombination.