gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TMPRSS2 Fusions with Oncogenic ETS Factors in Prostate Cancer Involve Unbalanced Genomic Rearrangements and Are Associated with HDAC1 and Epigenetic Reprogramming (2006)

Translocations fusing the strong androgen-responsive gene, TMPRSS2, with ERG or other oncogenic ETS factors may facilitate prostate cancer development. Here, we studied 18 advanced prostate cancers for ETS factor alterations, using reverse transcription-PCR and DNA and RNA array technologies, and identified putative ERG downstream gene targets from the microarray data of 410 prostate samples. Out of the 27 ETS factors, ERG was most frequently overexpressed. Seven cases showed TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusions, whereas the TMPRSS2:ETV4 fusion was seen in one case. In five out of six tumors with high ERG expression, array-CGH analysis revealed interstitial 2.8 Mb deletions between the TMPRSS2 and ERG loci, or smaller, unbalanced rearrangements. In silico analysis of the ERG gene coexpression patterns revealed an association with high expression of the histone deacetylase 1 gene, and low expression of its target genes. Furthermore, we observed increased expression of WNT-associated pathways and down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor and cell death pathways. In summary, our data indicate that the TMPRSS2:ERG translocation is common in advanced prostate cancer and occurs by virtue of unbalanced genomic rearrangements. Activation of ERG by fusion with TMPRSS2 may lead to epigenetic reprogramming, WNT signaling, and down-regulation of cell death pathways, implicating ERG in several hallmarks of cancer with potential therapeutic importance.
Surface-emitting fiber lasers (2006)

All fiber lasers to date emit radiation only along the fiber axis. Here a fiber that exhibits laser emission that is radially directed from its circumferential surface is demonstrated. A unique and controlled azimuthally anisotropic optical wave front results from the interplay between a cylindrical photonic bandgap fiber resonator, anisotropic organic dye gain, and a linearly polarized axial pump. Low threshold (86nJ) lasing at nine different wavelengths is demonstrated throughout the visible and near-infrared spectra. We also report the experimental realization of unprecedented layer thicknesses of 29.5 nm maintained throughout meter-long fibers. Such a device may have interesting medical applications ranging from photodynamic therapy to in vivo molecular imaging, as well as textile fabric displays.
Estimation and correction of near-surface time anomalies (1974)

Abstract The problem of computing static corrections for CDP seismic reflection data is discussed. A new approach is presented and it is related to various existing approaches. The approach consists of using crosscorrelation computations to find time shifts which appear to align the traces of each common-depth-point. These shifts are expressed in terms of surface corrections, one for each source and receiver position; a residual NMO correction for each common-depth-point; and a fixed correction for each common-depth-point. These simultaneous equations form an overdetermined set which can be solved for the unknown static and NMO corrections. The least-square-error solution to these equations has an important indeterminancy which is discussed. Methods for its resolution are proposed.Application of the technique to real data is illustrated by several examples. Validity of the corrections is demonstrated by velocity analyses before and after correction of the traces.
Syringomyelia as a Complication of Spinal Arachnoiditis (1994)

She underwent syringopleural shunting, and her condition has remained stable.
Synergistic Extraction of U(VI), Th(IV), and Lanthanides(III) from Nitric Acid Solutions Using Mixtures of TODGA and Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonic Acid (2018)

The extraction of U(VI), Th(IV), and lanthanides(III) from aqueous nitric acid solutions with mixtures of N,N,N′,N′-tetra(n-octyl)diglycolamide (TODGA) and dinonylnaphtalene sulfonic acid (HDNNS) in n-decane has been investigated. The extraction efficiency of U(VI), Th(IV), and Ln(III) ions is greatly enhanced by addition of HDNNS to an organic phase containing TODGA. The synergistic effect arises from the higher hydrophobicity of U(VI), Th(IV), and Ln(III) extracted species formed by TODGA and DNNS− anions as compared to those formed by TODGA and NO3− ions as counter anions. The synergistic effect for U(VI), Th(IV), and Ln(III) extraction from aqueous nitric acid solutions with mixtures of TODGA and HDNNS becomes weaker when the acidity of the aqueous phase increases. A high synergistic enhancement is accompanied with a high selectivity of Ln(III) extraction from nitric acid solutions.
Isolation of lactobacilli from sow milk and evaluation of their probiotic potential (2009)

Sow milk protects the piglet against infectious diseases through a variety of mechanisms. In this study, the presence of potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria in this biological fluid was investigated. Milk samples were obtained from 8 sows and a total of 19 rod-shaped isolates were selected for identification and assessment of their probiotic potential. RAPD profiling revealed the existence of 8 different genetic profiles among them. One representative of each profile was selected for further characterization and they were identified as Lactobacillus reuteri, Lb. salivarius, Lb. plantarum, Lb. paraplantarum, Lb. brevis and Weissella paramesenteroides. Then, their probiotic potential was evaluated through different assays, including survival in conditions simulating those existing in the gastrointestinal tract, production of antimicrobial compounds, adherence to intestinal mucin, production of biogenic amines, degradation of mucin, and pattern of antibiotic sensitivity. Three strains, Lb. reuteri CR20 (a reuterin-producing strain), Lb. salivarius CELA2 (a bacteriocin-producing strain) and Lb. paraplantarum CLB7 displayed the highest probiotic potential.
Open-Label Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Imiquimod 5% Cream Applied Once Daily Three Times per Week in Cycles for Treatment of Actinic Keratoses on the Head (2008)

Imiquimod cycle therapy may be a safe and effective treatment option for AK lesions.
Error supression in view synthesis using reliability reasoning for FTV (2010)

View synthesis using depth maps is a crucial application for Free-viewpoint TV (FTV). In this paper, we propose a novel reliability based view synthesis method using two references and their depth maps. The depth estimation with stereo matching is known to be error-prone, leading to noticeable artifacts in the synthesized new views. In order to provide plausible virtual views for FTV, our focus is on the error suppression for the synthesized view. We innovatively introduce the continuous reliability using error approximation by the reference cross-check. The new view interpolation algorithm is generated with the criterion of Least Sum of Squared Errors (LSSE). Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can be considered as a reliable version of the conventional linear view blending. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework with MPEG standard test sequences. The results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art view interpolation methods both at eliminating artifacts and improving PSNR.
Cerebrovascular Function in Pregnancy and Eclampsia (2007)

H ypertension is one of the most common medical com- plications of pregnancy that affects both fetal and maternal health and is often life threatening. 6] The major cerebrovascular changes in eclampsia have been shown to be similar to those described for hypertensive encephalopathy, including loss of cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation, hyperperfusion, and edema. 8 -12 3] It is well known that pregnancy is associated with significant cardiovascular adaptation of both local and systemic circulations. 2,19 -22 Although the vascular changes that occur during pregnancy have been the subject of intense study in many organs, the effect of pregnancy and hypertension during pregnancy on the cerebral circulation is just coming to be understood. This review focuses on structural and functional changes in the cerebral circulation during normal pregnancy and the postpartum state that may contribute to the development of eclampsia, including changes in CBF autoregulation and cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) that enhance BBB permeability and hydrostatic brain edema. In addition, how hypertension during pregnancy, being somewhere between acute and chronic hypertension, affects the cerebral circulation is discussed.
G.W. Bush and North Korea: A Levels of Analysis View (2007)

This study describes and evaluates, from the perspective of pertinent system, state, and individual level theory, the unfolding of the Bush administration's strategy for addressing the North Korea nuclear issue up to the February 2007 Beijing agreement on first steps toward denuclearization of the Korean peninsula. It will explore whether that policy has been “effective harmony of different goals,” as the administration has claimed, or something far less coherent and effective. At its inception, the administration's policy was grounded in a strong– though by no means universally held–preference for “asphyxiation” rather than “oxygen,” for pressure and isolation rather than for rewards. However, this default policy was constrained at almost every turn by system and state level realities that drove the United States to eschew forceful unilateral action and to pursue its objectives through multilateral regional diplomacy. And yet throughout the years of six‐party talks, the strong preference of core decision makers for isolation continued–pending what they hoped would be a more propitious environment to pursue a forward leaning policy–to rein in U.S. negotiators. As a result, U.S. policy often appeared to exhibit characteristics of “temporary appeasement,”“hawk engagement” and “malign neglect” in which negotiations assume a primarily tactical role rather than a wholehearted effort to engage the DPRK. The apparent success of financial sanctions, coupled with the international shock wave that followed North Korea's missile and nuclear tests, might have been expected to give administration hawks the long‐awaited opportunity to pursue their default policy. Despite the successes enjoyed by new financial sanctions, however, U.S. policy remained as constrained as ever by the grave deterioration of the United States' position in the Middle East and the unanticipated shift of power in congress. These constraints may in part explain the dramatic about‐face in the administration's position that led ultimately to the February 13, 2007 agreement to offer the DPRK an “early harvest” in exchange for initial steps toward denuclearization.
A phase I study of convection-enhanced delivery of nanoliposomal irinotecan using real-time imaging in patients with recurrent high grade glioma. (2015)

TPS2081 Background: Cytotoxic drug delivery to high grade glioma (HGG) is limited by the blood brain barrier (BBB). Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) improves chemotherapy delivery by utilizing fluid convection, obviating the challenges of crossing the BBB while minimizing systemic toxicity. CED of a highly concentrated formulation of nanoliposomal irinotecan (MM-398, nal-IRI) has been optimized in animal models of brain tumors and shows superior anti-tumor activity compared to systemic delivery. A major advance in the application of CED is the development of real time CED, which utilizes an interventional MRI suite to visualize the CED process with the aid of a co-convected contrast agent, and thus allows for real time monitoring of drug delivery to the target. Methods: With support from a R21 grant, a Phase I study of CED of concentrated nal-IRI using real-time imaging in patients with recurrent HGG is currently open for enrollment. This is a 3+3 dose escalation trial, with dose levels of 20 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg, and 80 mg of nal-IRI, given via up to 3 catheters surgically placed in an intra-tumoral location. The MRI contrast agent gadoteridol (2 mM) will be co-infused via the same catheters. Interim safety, efficacy, and imaging response results will be presented. From the imaging data, the correlation of pre-infusion modeling of drug distribution with post-infusion imaging will be analyzed. This will also allow for determination of the total volume of distribution to volume of infusion (Vd:Vi) ratio for each infusion. Clinical trial information: NCT02022644.
Measurement of Isometric Force in Children with and without Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (1992)

The purpose of this study was to examine the consistency of measurements of maximal isometric force production in children using an electronic strain gauge. A standardized protocol of force testing from the Tufts Quantitative Neuromuscular Examination was adapted to obtain isometric force measurements in seven muscle groups bilaterally. Ten children with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) and 10 age-matched children without DMD were recruited for the study. A generalizability framework was used to examine variations in measurements attributable to group differences, test occasions within the same day, and extremity side. Intertester reliability estimates were also completed on a subsample of children with and without DMD. A three-way analysis of variance between groups, sides, and test occasions demonstrated a significant group main effect for all muscle groups. In general, significant main effects were not present for side or test occasion. Test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for all muscle groups ranged from .88 to .99 for the children with DMD and from .85 to .98 for the children without DMD. Intertester ICCs were slightly lower, ranging from .74 to .97 for the children with DMD and from .71 to .98 for the children without DMD. The results indicate that the electronic strain-gauge protocol produces reproducible force measurements in seven selected muscle groups in children with and without DMD. Brussock CM, Haley SM, Munsat TL, Bernhardt DB. Measurement of isometric force in children with and without Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone and Its Reactions (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone and Its ReactionsDerek Walker and Jack D. HiebertCite this: Chem. Rev. 1967, 67, 2, 153–195Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60246a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60246a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5303Altmetric-Citations440LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gut microbiota, tight junction protein expression, intestinal resistance, bacterial translocation and mortality following cholestasis depend on the genetic background of the host (2013)

Failure of the intestinal barrier is a characteristic feature of cholestasis. We have previously observed higher mortality in C57BL/6J compared with A/J mice following common bile duct ligation (CBDL). We hypothesized the alteration in gut barrier function following cholestasis would vary by genetic background. Following one week of CBDL, jejunal TEER was significantly reduced in each ligated mouse compared with their sham counterparts; moreover, jejunal TEER was significantly lower in both sham and ligated C57BL/6J compared with sham and ligated A/J mice, respectively. Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes was significantly increased in C57BL/6J mice vs. A/J mice. Four of 15 C57BL/6J mice were bacteremic; whereas, none of the 17 A/J mice were. Jejunal IFN-γ mRNA expression was significantly elevated in C57BL/6J compared with A/J mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in occludin protein expression in C57BL/6J compared with A/J mice following both sham operation and CBDL. Only C57BL/6J mice demonstrated a marked decrease in ZO-1 protein expression following CBDL compared with shams. Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in fecal samples showed a dysbiosis only in C57BL/6J mice following CBDL when compared with shams. This study provides evidence of strain differences in gut microbiota, tight junction protein expression, intestinal resistance and bacterial translocation which supports the notion of a genetic predisposition to exaggerated injury following cholestasis.
A human-assisting manipulator teleoperated by EMG signals and arm motions (2003)

This paper proposes a human-assisting manipulator teleoperated by electromyographic (EMG) signals and arm motions. The proposed method can realize a new master-slave manipulator system that uses no mechanical master controller. A person whose forearm has been amputated can use this manipulator as a personal assistant for desktop work. The control system consists of a hand and wrist control part and an arm control part. The hand and wrist control part selects an active joint in the manipulator's end-effector and controls it based on EMG pattern discrimination. The arm control part measures the position of the operator's wrist joint or the amputated part using a three-dimensional position sensor, and the joint angles of the manipulator's arm, except for the end-effector part, are controlled according to this position, which, in turn, corresponds to the position of the manipulator's joint. These control parts enable the operator to control the manipulator intuitively. The distinctive feature of our system is to use a novel statistical neural network for EMG pattern discrimination. The system can adapt itself to changes of the EMG patterns according to the differences among individuals, different locations of the electrodes, and time variation caused by fatigue or sweat. Our experiments have shown that the developed system could learn and estimate the operator's intended motions with a high degree of accuracy using the EMG signals, and that the manipulator could be controlled smoothly. We also confirmed that our system could assist the amputee in performing desktop work.
Success under Open List PR: The Election of Women to Congress (2008)

If a political scientist had to predict where women might enjoy relative electoral success in Latin America, Peru would not be high on the list. Among major Latin American countries, Peru has some of the most glaring socioeconomic inequalities, a notoriously inchoate party system, and one of the weakest recent records of democratic governance and human rights. Like most countries in the region, Peru employs party list proportional representation (PR), the most widely used electoral system in the world, to choose its national legislature. However, whereas the lists in most PR systems in Latin America and the world are closed, Peru uses an open list format. The conventional wisdom holds that open list PR is less propitious for the election of women than closed list PR. Nevertheless, this chapter shows that female candidates have enjoyed a great deal of electoral success under the variant of open list PR used in Peru.
Transcriptional Control of Monolignol Biosynthesis in Pinus taeda (2002)

Transcriptional profiling of the phenylpropanoid pathway in Pinus taeda cell suspension cultures was carried out using quantitative real time PCR analyses of all known genes involved in the biosynthesis of the two monolignols, p-coumaryl and coniferyl alcohols (lignin/lignan precursors). When the cells were transferred to a medium containing 8% sucrose and 20 mm potassium iodide, the monolignol/phenylpropanoid pathway was induced, and transcript levels for phenylalanine ammonia lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase were coordinately up-regulated. Provision of increasing levels of exogenously supplied Phe to saturating levels (40 mm) to the induction medium resulted in further up-regulation of their transcript levels in the P. taeda cell cultures; this in turn was accompanied by considerable increases in both p-coumaryl and coniferyl alcohol formation and excretion. By contrast, transcript levels for both cinnamate 4-hydroxylase and p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase were only slightly up-regulated. These data, when considered together with metabolic profiling results and genetic manipulation of various plant species, reveal that carbon allocation to the pathway and its differential distribution into the two monolignols is controlled by Phe supply and differential modulation of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase and p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase activities, respectively. The coordinated up-regulation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in the presence of increasing concentrations of Phe also indicates that these steps are not truly rate-limiting, because they are modulated according to metabolic demand. Finally, the transcript profile of a putative acid/ester O-methyltransferase, proposed as an alternative catalyst for O-methylation leading to coniferyl alcohol, was not up-regulated under any of the conditions employed, suggesting that it is not, in fact, involved in monolignol biosynthesis.
Mode of Action of Kanglemycin A, an Ansamycin Natural Product that Is Active against Rifampicin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2018)

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens pose an urgent healthcare threat, prompting a demand for new medicines. We report the mode of action of the natural ansamycin antibiotic kanglemycin A (KglA). KglA binds bacterial RNA polymerase at the rifampicin-binding pocket but maintains potency against RNA polymerases containing rifampicin-resistant mutations. KglA has antibiotic activity against rifampicin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-M. tuberculosis). The X-ray crystal structures of KglA with the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme and Thermus thermophilus RNA polymerase-promoter complex reveal an altered-compared with rifampicin-conformation of KglA within the rifampicin-binding pocket. Unique deoxysugar and succinate ansa bridge substituents make additional contacts with a separate, hydrophobic pocket of RNA polymerase and preclude the formation of initial dinucleotides, respectively. Previous ansa-chain modifications in the rifamycin series have proven unsuccessful. Thus, KglA represents a key starting point for the development of a new class of ansa-chain derivatized ansamycins to tackle rifampicin resistance.