gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2,4-Diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as antifolates and antimalarials. 3. Synthesis of 5,6-disubstituted derivatives and related tetracyclic analogs (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,4-Diaminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as antifolates and antimalarials. 3. Synthesis of 5,6-disubstituted derivatives and related tetracyclic analogsA. Rosowsky, K. K. N. Chen, and M. LinCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 3, 191–194Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00261a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00261a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ordered structure in block polymer solutions. 3. Concentration dependence of microdomains in nonselective solvents (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrdered structure in block polymer solutions. 3. Concentration dependence of microdomains in nonselective solventsMitsuhiro Shibayama, Takeji Hashimoto, Hirokazu Hasegawa, and Hiromichi KawaiCite this: Macromolecules 1983, 16, 9, 1427–1433Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00243a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views515Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (823 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The effect of doping Sb on the electronic structure and the device characteristics of Ovonic Threshold Switches based on Ge-Se (2014)

The Ovonic Threshold Switch (OTS) based on an amorphous chalcogenide material has attracted much interest as a promising candidate for a high-performance thin-film switching device enabling 3D-stacking of memory devices. In this work, we studied on the electronic structure of amorphous Sb-doped Ge(0.6)Se(0.4) (in atomic mole fraction) film and its characteristics as to OTS devices. From the optical absorption spectroscopy measurement, the band gap (Eg) was found to decrease with increasing Sb content. In addition, as Sb content increased, the activation energy (Ea) for electrical conduction was found to decrease down to about one third of Eg from a half. As to the device characteristics, we found that the threshold switching voltage (Vth) drastically decreased with the Sb content. These results, being accountable in terms of the changes in the bonding configuration of constituent atoms as well as in the electronic structure such as the energy gap and trap states, advance an effective method of compositional adjustment to modulate Vth of an OTS device for various applications.
A Critical Appraisal of Auscultation of Human Joints (1982)

Auscultation of human joints is a rarely practiced art. Many attempts have been made to develop a technique with objective parameters but none are sufficiently sensitive for clinical use. This article reviews the history of auscultation as applied to human joints. An acoustic system was critically evaluated and attempts were made to exclude skin friction and ambient noise. Human joint sounds were found to be at the low end of the acoustic range. The microphone was a poor transducer in terms of frequency and dynamic sensitivities for use with human joint emission because of the large acoustic impedance. Many of the problems encountered by workers in this field might be due to failure to appreciate the limitation of detection apparatus.
Fluorescence-detected wave packet interferometry: Time resolved molecular spectroscopy with sequences of femtosecond phase-locked pulses (1991)

We introduce a novel spectroscopic technique which utilizes a two-pulse sequence of femtosecond duration phase-locked optical laser pulses to resonantly excite vibronic transitions of a molecule. In contrast with other ultrafast pump–probe methods, in this experiment a definite optical phase angle between the pulses is maintained while varying the interpulse delay with interferometric precision. For the cases of in-phase, in-quadrature, and out-of-phase pulse pairs, respectively, the optical delay is controlled to positions that are integer, integer plus one quarter, and integer plus one half multiples of the wavelength of a selected Fourier component. In analogy with a double slit optical interference experiment, the two the two pulse experiments reported herein involve the preparation and quantum interference of two nuclear wave packet amplitudes state of a molecule. These experiments are designed to be sensitive to the total phase evolution of the wave packet prepared by the initial pulse. The direct determination of wave packet phase evolution is possible because phase locking effectively transforms the interferogram to a frame which is referenced to the optical carrier frequency, thereby eliminating the high (optical) frequency modulations. This has the effect of isolating the rovibrational molecular dynamics. The phase locking scheme is demonstrated for molecular iodine. The excited state population following the passage of both pulses is detected as the resultant two-beam dependent fluorescence emission from the B state. The observed signals have periodically recurring features that result from the vibrational dynamics of the molecule on the electronically excited potential energy surface. In addition, coherent interference effects cause the magnitude and sign of the periodic features to be strongly modulated. The two-pulse phase-locked interferograms are interpreted herein by use of a simple analytic model, by first order perturbation theory and by quantum mechanical wave packet calculations. We find the form of the interferogram to be determined by the ground state level from which the amplitude originates, the deviation from impulsive preparation of the wave packet due to nonzero pulse duration, the frequency and anharmonicity of the target vibrational levels in the B state, and the detuning of the phase-locked frequency from resonance. The dependence of the interferogram on the phase-locked frequency and phase angle is investigated in detail.
Design of an extended Kalman filter frequency tracker (1996)

The design of an extended Kalman filter for tracking a time-varying frequency is discussed. Its principal modes of failure are explained. The design tradeoff between balancing noise rejection and tracking at a maximal slew rate is discussed. The performance penalties for overdesign and underdesign of noise covariances are examined, and theoretically supported design guidelines are suggested.
R-(+)-HA-966, an antagonist for the glycine/NMDA receptor, prevents locomotor sensitization to repeated cocaine exposures (1995)

Repeated administration of cocaine results in a reverse tolerance or sensitization to the locomotor stimulant properties of cocaine. In this study, we examined the effect of an antagonist for the strychinine-insensitive glycine receptor of the NMDA receptor complex, R-(+)-HA-966, on the development of locomotor sensitization to cocaine. Co-administration of R-(+)-HA-966 with repeated cocaine prevented locomotor sensitization to a subsequent challenge dose of cocaine. However, R-(+)-HA-966 (15 mg/kg i.p.) did not attenuate locomotor activation to an acute dose of cocaine (15 mg/kg). These results indicate that the glycine/NMDA receptor is involved in locomotor sensitization to repeated cocaine administration but not in the locomotor activation to the acute stimulant effects of cocaine administration.
DNA-Induced Programmable Fusion of Phospholipid Vesicles (2007)

In nature, the fusion of phospholipid vesicles is regulated and catalyzed by highly specialized SNARE proteins. A key step in this process is to bring about close apposition of the lipid bilayers that are destined to fuse. Inspired by nature's use of molecular recognition between receptor proteins, we developed a method to force bilayers into proximity by the selective hybridization of membrane-anchored DNA strands. We demonstrate that this forced bilayer contact triggers vesicle fusion.
Photoreactivity of Unsaturated Compounds with Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon(111) (2000)

We report the photoreactivity of H−Si(111) with dioxygen and terminally unsaturated hydrocarbons. Illumination of H−Si(111) in air with ultraviolet light of wavelength of 350 nm or shorter produces oxidized silicon; longer wavelengths cause no oxidation. When H−Si(111) is immersed in unsaturated hydrocarbons (1-octene, 1-octadecene, 1-octyne, styrene, and phenylacetylene) that have been deoxygenated, illumination with a Hg lamp results in densely packed hydrocarbon films of molecular thickness. Previous work and the results presented here suggest that the H−Si bond adds across the unsaturated bond in these reactions similar to hydrosilylation reactions known for small-molecule chemistry and produce adsorbates covalently bonded to the surface. We present spectroscopic evidence showing films resulting from terminal acetylenes consist of adsorbates linked to the surface by a vinyl group. We propose that all of these reactions occur through a radical-chain mechanism initiated by the wavelength-dependent photodesorption of surface hydrogen by UV light. We also present a method in the Appendix to quantify surface adsorbate coverage using XPS and ellipsometric data.
Transgenic potatoes expressing wasabi defensin peptide confer partial resistance to gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) (2006)

Five potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 harboring wasabi defensin gene (isolated from Wasabia japonica L.) in a binary plasmid vector, pEKH1. The infected tuber explants co-cultivated for 3 days resulted in higher transformation efficiency (7–50% higher) for all cultivars than 2 days co-cultivation. PCR analysis showed an amplified fragment of wasabi defensin gene and the selectable marker, nptII gene in the genomic DNA of all clones rooted on MS medium supplemented with 100 mgl−1 kanamycin, suggesting their transgenic nature. Southern blot analysis confirmed that transgenic plants integrated 1–6 copies of wasabi defensin gene into their genome. Expression of wasabi defensin protein was confirmed in the leaf extracts of independent transgenic clones by Western blot analysis. Antifungal assay of detached leaves from non-transformed control and transgenic plants indicated that transgenic plants were partially resistant to the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea (gray mold).
Development of a novel, N-Terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) assay with a low detection limit (1999)

A novel, highly sensitive and specific N-Terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) assay based on a sandwich format has been developed. The assay time is below 2 hours and no extraction process is needed. The calibration curve covers a NT-proBNP concentration range from 0 pmol/L up to 600 pmol/L. The analytical detection limit of the assay was estimated to be 2.7 pmol/L (3 SD). The intra-assay coefficient of variation is 5.7% (at 50 pmol/L) and 6.1% (at 250 pmol/L), while the inter-assay CVs are 15.8% (15 pmol/L) and 8.2% (250 pmol/L). There is no significant interference by bilirubin (up to 900 mumol/L), haemoglobin (up to 10 g/L), rheumatoid factors (up to 975 IU/mL), triglycerides (up to 20.5 mmol/L), biotin (up to 50 micrograms/L), digoxin (up to 100 micrograms/L) and digitoxin (up to 200 micrograms/L). The analyte NT-proBNP is fully stable in whole blood over 3 days and in EDTA-plasma over 24 hours. This good stability of NT-proBNP compared to other less stable natriuretic peptides is a significant advantage and a main prerequisite for a routine diagnostic marker. Preliminary results of using this new assay in clinical studies for diagnosing and monitoring left ventricular dysfunction demonstrate that there is a significant gain in diagnostic validity.
Mechanisms inducing low bone density in duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice and humans (2011)

Patients affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and dystrophic MDX mice were investigated in this study for their bone phenotype and systemic regulators of bone turnover. Micro-computed tomographic (µCT) and histomorphometric analyses showed reduced bone mass and higher osteoclast and bone resorption parameters in MDX mice compared with wild-type mice, whereas osteoblast parameters and mineral apposition rate were lower. In a panel of circulating pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines evaluated in the MDX sera, interleukin 6 (IL-6) was increased compared with wild-type mice. Likewise, DMD patients showed low bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores and high bone-resorption marker and serum IL-6. Human primary osteoblasts from healthy donors incubated with 10% sera from DMD patients showed decreased nodule mineralization. Many osteogenic genes were downregulated in these cultures, including osterix and osteocalcin, by a mechanism blunted by an IL-6-neutralizing antibody. In contrast, the mRNAs of osteoclastogenic cytokines IL6, IL11, inhibin-βA, and TGFβ2 were increased, although only IL-6 was found to be high in the circulation. Consistently, enhancement of osteoclastogenesis was noted in cultures of circulating mononuclear precursors from DMD patients or from healthy donors cultured in the presence of DMD sera or IL-6. Circulating IL-6 also played a dominant role in osteoclast formation because ex vivo wild-type calvarial bones cultured with 10% sera of MDX mice showed increase osteoclast and bone-resorption parameters that were dampen by treatment with an IL-6 antibody. These results point to IL-6 as an important mediator of bone loss in DMD and suggest that targeted anti-IL-6 therapy may have a positive impact on the bone phenotype in these patients.
The reductase domain in a Type I fatty acid synthase from the apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum: Restricted substrate preference towards very long chain fatty acyl thioesters (2010)

We have confirmed the activity of CpFAS1-R by directly assaying its substrate preference and kinetic parameters, which is for the first time for a Type I FAS, PKS or non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) reductase domain. The restricted substrate preference towards very long chain fatty acyl thioesters may be an important feature for this megasynthase to avoid the release of product(s) with undesired lengths.
Solid-state dewetting for ordered arrays of crystallographically oriented metal particles (2005)

We demonstrate that topographically modified substrates can be used as templates to control solid-state dewetting of thin films by creating a periodic variation in the initial curvature of the film. The dewetting of gold films on oxidized silicon surfaces patterned with arrays of inverted pyramid shaped pits is investigated. For specific ranges of relative film thickness and topographic dimension, dewetting results in arrays of submicrometer-scale particles with uniform periodic spacing and nearly uniform size and crystallographic orientation.
Immunodeficient mice recover from infection with vaccinia virus expressing interferon‐γ (1990)

Recombinant vaccinia viruses (VV)-encoding murine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were constructed and the effect of virus-encoded IFN-gamma on the immune response towards VV in vivo investigated. In athymic nude mice and sublethally irradiated euthymic mice, IFN-gamma expression by VV enabled the mice to recover from the infection, whereas mice infected with the control virus died. In normal CBA/H mice also, the growth of VV was greatly reduced and it was cleared faster from mouse organs than the control virus. Natural killer (NK) cell responses in these mice were not enhanced suggesting that this recovery is not NK cell mediated. Other possible mechanisms and implications of this observation are discussed.
Chondrogenesis in Repair of Articular Cartilage Defects by Free Periosteal Grafts in Rabbits (1982)

The origin of the cartilaginous tissue in articular defects after periosteal grafting was studied histologically in 6-month-old rabbits. The grafts were taken from the tibia and transplanted to artificial defects in the femoral articular cartilage. An isolating Nuclepore filter, hindering the penetration of cells, was placed between the graft and the cancellous bone, in order to trace the origin of the proliferating cells. The histological results revealed that the cartilage tissue which proliferated in the defect originated from the periosteal graft and not from the subchondral bone. The effect of the depth of the defect was studied by making a superficial and deep part in the defect. Cartilage tissue was found in both parts of the defect, though there was less in the more superficial defect.
T cell immunity to copolymer 1 confers neuroprotection on the damaged optic nerve: Possible therapy for optic neuropathies (2000)

We recently reported that the posttraumatic spread of degeneration in the damaged optic nerve can be attenuated by the adoptive transfer of autoimmune T cells specific to myelin basic protein. However, it would be desirable to obtain immune neuroprotection free of any possible autoimmune disease. In an attempt to obtain disease-free immune neuroprotection, we used the synthetic four-amino acid polymer copolymer 1 (Cop-1), which is known not to be encephalitogenic despite its cross-reactivity with myelin basic protein. We show here that active immunization with Cop-1 administered in adjuvant, as well as adoptive transfer of T cells reactive to Cop-1, can inhibit the progression of secondary degeneration after crush injury of the rat optic nerve. These results have implications for the treatment of optic neuropathies.
Unusual 2-aminopurine fluorescence from a complex of DNA and the EcoKI methyltransferase (2004)

The methyltransferase, M.EcoKI, recognizes the DNA sequence 5'-AACNNNNNNGTGC-3' and methylates adenine at the underlined positions. DNA methylation has been shown by crystallography to occur via a base flipping mechanism and is believed to be a general mechanism for all methyltransferases. If no structure is available, the fluorescence of 2-aminopurine is often used as a signal for base flipping as it shows enhanced fluorescence when its environment is perturbed. We find that 2-aminopurine gives enhanced fluorescence emission not only when it is placed at the M.EcoKI methylation sites but also at a location adjacent to the target adenine. Thus it appears that 2-aminopurine fluorescence intensity is not a clear indicator of base flipping but is a more general measure of DNA distortion. Upon addition of the cofactor S-adenosyl-methionine to the M.EcoKI:DNA complex, the 2-aminopurine fluorescence changes to that of a new species showing excitation at 345 nm and emission at 450 nm. This change requires a fully active enzyme, the correct cofactor and the 2-aminopurine located at the methylation site. However, the new fluorescent species is not a covalently modified form of 2-aminopurine and we suggest that it represents a hitherto undetected physicochemical form of 2-aminopurine.
Expressions of CD96 and CD123 in Bone Marrow Cells of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (2015)

There was a higher proportion of CD34+CD38-CD96+ and CD34+CD38-CD123+ cells in bone marrow of MDS patients. Those cells expressed lower cytokine receptors and displayed lower apoptosis. Leukemia stem cells (LSC) in MDS might be contained in those cells.
DNA-directed alkylating agents. 1. Structure-activity relationships for acridine-linked aniline mustards: consequences of varying the reactivity of the mustard (1990)

A series of DNA-targeted aniline mustards have been prepared, and their chemical reactivity and in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity have been evaluated and compared with that of the corresponding simple aniline mustards. The alkylating groups were anchored to the DNA-intercalating 9-aminoacridine chromophore by an alkyl chain of fixed length attached at the mustard 4-position through a link group X, while the corresponding simple mustards possessed an electronically identical small group at this position. The link group was varied to provide a series of compounds of similar geometry but widely differing mustard reactivity. Variation in biological activity should then largely be a consequence of this varying reactivity. Rates of mustard hydrolysis in the two series related only to the electronic properties of the link group, with attachment of the intercalating chromophore having no effect. The cytotoxicities of the simple mustards correlated well with group electronic properties (with a 200-300-fold range in IC50S). The corresponding DNA-targeted mustards were much more potent (up to 100-fold), but their IC50 values varied much less with linker group electronic properties. Most of the DNA-targeted mustards showed in vivo antitumor activity, being both more active and more dose-potent than either the corresponding untargeted mustards and chlorambucil. These results show that targeting alkylating agents to DNA by attachment to DNA-affinic units may be a useful strategy.