gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in combination with tamoxifen for node-positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients. (1997)

Postmenopausal patients with node-positive breast cancer should be offered combination chemotherapy in addition to tamoxifen. Tamoxifen should not be initiated before CMF, as this might be detrimental, especially for patients with ER-negative tumors.
Therapeutic angiogenesis for cardiovascular disease: biological context, challenges, prospects (2010)

Since the discovery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), therapeutic angiogenesis has attracted interest as an alternative treatment for ischaemic heart and peripheral disease. In parallel, the view has also gained ground that angiogenesis has an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease and its clinical sequelae. These conflicting perspectives have both been based on a large quantity of preclinical data obtained from mainly small rodent models of disease. However, in recent years further research and the results of clinical trials of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic treatments have provided new insights into the impact of VEGF and other angiogenesis-based approaches on human health and disease. This review discusses therapeutic angiogenesis in the light of recent scientific advances and clinical evidence, and considers the future challenges and prospects for therapeutic angiogenesis.
A Practical and Versatile Access to Dihydrosalen (Salalen) Ligands: Highly Enantioselective Titanium In Situ Catalysts for Asymmetric Epoxidation with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide (2007)

Abstract A modular synthesis for chiral and non‐symmetrical salalen ligands (i.e., mono‐reduced salens), carrying an imine and an amine functionality has been developed. The ligands can be assembled in situ by Schiff base formation of an N ‐(2‐hydroxybenzyl)diamine with a salicylic aldehyde, thus allowing rapid and easy variation/optimization of the ligand structure. Aiming at optimal activity and enantioselectivity in the titanium‐catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of non‐functionalized olefins, a positional scanning of the two ligand halves was carried out. High epoxide yields were achieved, and up to 98 % ee . The composition of the titanium complex catalysts was determined by high resolution mass spectrometry and X‐ray crystallography for one selected example.
ANTILIPOLYTIC ACTION OF INSULIN: ROLE OF cAMP PHOSPHODIESTERASE ACTIVATION (1985)

Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to 1 nM insulin for 10 min results in activation of particulate cAMP phosphodiesterase and suppression of lipolysis stimulated by 10 nM isoproterenol. When lipolysis was increased by cilostamide, a selective inhibitor of the particulate phosphodiesterase, the antilipolytic effect of insulin was not observed. Insulin did suppress lipolysis stimulated by Ro 20-1724, an inhibitor of soluble cAMP phosphodiesterase activity. Cilostamide did not interfere with insulin stimulation of glucose uptake, nor did it have any direct effect on cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Thus, inhibition of particulate but not soluble cAMP phosphodiesterase blocked the antilipolytic effect of insulin. Our findings support the idea that insulin inhibits lipolysis, perhaps in large part by activating particulate "low Km" cAMP phosphodiesterase, which seems to be functionally closely coupled with the hormone-sensitive lipase-regulatory system influencing primarily a pool of cAMP utilized by the relevant protein kinase.
Monitoring the prevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis IgG antibodies using serial sampling in growing and breeding swine herds (2003)

Summary Objective: To determine seroprevalence of Lawsonia intracellularis and the time of seroconversion in growing and breeding swine herds using the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA). Methods: Blood was collected from individually identified growing pigs in 16 herds at weaning (approximately 3 weeks of age) and in those herds, plus four others, at 3week intervals until market weight (total 20 herds). Blood was collected from individually identified breeding animals (replacement gilts) at entry into nine breeding herds and then at 3-week intervals. Samples were tested at a dilution of 1:30 using the IPMA, which identifies IgG antibodies. Results: Fifteen of twenty growing herds (75%) were seropositive for L intracellularis at some time between weaning and 24 weeks of age. Within-herd seroprevalence in positive growing herds ranged from 11 to 92% and peaked near marketing (18 to 24 weeks of age). Seven of nine breeding herds (78%) were seropositive. Withinherd seroprevalence in breeding herds ranged from 5 to 61% and peaked near the time of herd entry and again late in the study. Implications: As L intracellularis IgG serum antibodies were short-lived in this study, serial blood sampling at intervals of 3 weeks or less may prove useful in determining L intracellularis serological status in a swine production system. On the basis of these results, blood samples to detect exposure to L intracellularis should be collected from growing swine at 18 to 24 weeks of age, and from replacement gilts at entry into the breeding herd and at first lactation.
Transcriptional regulation of the c-fms (CSF-1R) proto-oncogene in human breast carcinoma cells by glucocorticoids. (1995)

Expression of the macrophage colony stimulating factor CSF-1 and its receptor, the c-fms proto-oncogene, has been observed in macrophages, trophoblast and in a variety of neoplasms of epithelial origin including those of the breast. We have reported earlier (Oncogene, 1991, 6: 941-952) that c-fms transcript and protein expression were dramatically increased in several breast carcinoma cell lines by glucocorticoids which are essential humoral regulators of normal mammary epithelial cell differentiation. In this communication, we demonstrate that levels of c-fms transcript and protein increased significantly within the first few hours of glucocorticoid treatment, and that these increases were completely abolished by pretreatment of cells with mifepristone (RU486). We also demonstrate that such early increases in c-fms transcript levels could not be attributed to prolongation of transcript half-life. Both promoters of the c-fms gene were found to exhibit some basal activity in breast carcinoma cell lines and both were stimulated 2-3-fold by glucocorticoids. However the first promoter was shown to be responsible for more than 95% of the observed c-fms transcription. Sequence upstream of both promoters was found to contain potential 'glucocorticoid response elements' (GREs), and in each case, elimination of the GRE closest to the promoter abolished glucocorticoid stimulation. Our observations suggest that one mechanism by which glucocorticoids regulate the proliferation and differentiation of neoplastic mammary epithelial cells is through their regulation of transcription of the gene for the receptor of a ubiquitous cytokine, CSF-1.
First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States (2020)

An outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly, with cases now confirmed in multiple countries. We report the first case of 2019-nCoV infection confirmed in the United States and describe the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and management of the case, including the patient's initial mild symptoms at presentation with progression to pneumonia on day 9 of illness. This case highlights the importance of close coordination between clinicians and public health authorities at the local, state, and federal levels, as well as the need for rapid dissemination of clinical information related to the care of patients with this emerging infection.
The Effects of Bulk Versus Particulate Polymethylmethacrylate on Bone (1988)

Twenty-one mature New Zealand white female rabbits were allocated into three groups of seven rabbits. Group I received a bolus of doughy Simplex polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement injected into the proximal tibia through a drill hole. Group II received a preformed, cooled, bulk PMMA pellet. Group III had particulate PMMA powder implanted. The operated, but nonimplanted, left tibiae served as controls. Animals were killed after four months. Histologically, both Group I and Group II demonstrated a thin, fibrous tissue membrane at the implant interface. Particulate PMMA (Group III) stimulated a much thicker, florid, foreign body reaction composed of histiocytes and giant cells. The foreign body response to particulate acrylic cement was similar to that seen in failed cemented joint replacement arthroplasty in humans.
A Single-Inductor Multiple-Output Converter with Peak Current State-Machine Control (2006)

An integrated single-inductor multiple positive/negative output dual-loop DC-DC converter with multiplexed rectifiers for TFT LCD display supply will be presented. The converter operates with a tiny chip-size inductor. Based on the physical behavior of the inductor a very robust power stage will be shown, which can service an unlimited number of positive and negative output channels with a single inductor. All the different voltage levels (positive and negative) will be regulated independently on a cycle by cycle base. There are two different types of regulation loops running in the converter. The control of the individual channels is managed by a state machine (first loop) which takes care of the power stage switching pattern and allows the hysteretic converter to run in a pseudo continuous current mode to guarantee a high power conversion capability. The second loop works as a variable peak current control to minimize the inductor current. It will be demonstrated why running with a controlled peak current also yields in a small output voltage ripple and how the state-machine can help to further control the amount of energy delivered into one output channel. To achieve even lower ripple voltages below 10mV and high accuracy the main output is post-regulated by a tracking current-mode LDO. Finally the whole TPS6512X architecture with the multi-output converter, LDO's and control circuitry will be shown. The converter with 4.5ksqmil chip-size fits in a 16-pin 3/spl times/3 QFN package. Due to the high maximum switching frequency of the device a single, inexpensive and ultra-thin 10/spl mu/H inductor can be used, which offers a very compact and small power supply solution to provide all voltage levels required by small form-factor TFT-LCD panels.
Bipartite structure of an early meiotic upstream activation sequence from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1993)

Diploid a/alpha Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells cease mitotic growth and enter meiosis in response to starvation. Expression of meiotic genes depends on the IME1 gene product, which accumulates only in meiotic cells. We report here an analysis of the regulatory region of IME2, an IME1-dependent meiotic gene. Deletion and substitution studies identified a 48-bp IME1-dependent upstream activation sequence (UAS). Activity of the UAS also requires the RIM11, RIM15, and RIM16 gene products, which are required for expression of the chromosomal IME2 promoter and for meiosis. Through a selection for suppressors that permit UAS activity in an ime1 deletion mutant, we identified recessive mutations in three genes, SIN3 (also called RPD1, UME4, and SDI1), RPD3, and UME6 (also called CAR80), that were previously known as negative regulators of other early meiotic genes. Mutational analysis of the IME2 UAS reveals two critical sequence elements: a G+C-rich sequence (called URS1), previously identified at many meiotic genes, and a newly described element, the T4C site, that we found at a subset of meiotic genes. In agreement with prior studies, URS1 mutations lead to elevated IME2 UAS activity in the absence of IME1. However, the URS1 mutations prevent any further stimulation of UAS activity by IME1. Repression through URS1 has been shown to require the UME6 gene product. We find that activation of the IME2 UAS by IME1 also requires the UME6 gene product. Thus, UME6 and the URS1 site both have dual negative and positive roles at the IME2 UAS. We propose that IME1 modifies UME6 to convert it from a negulator to a positive Regulor.
Design and characterization of a thermochemical high-performance liquid chromatography flame photometric detector interface for the speciation of sulfur (1994)

A total consumption high-performance liquid chromatography flame photometric detector (HPLC-FPD) interface compatible with mobile phases delivered at conventional HPLC flow rates (0.6–1.0 ml min–1) and containing up to 100% methanol is described. The all-silica apparatus enclosed four consecutive thermal processes: (a) thermovaporization of the HPLC methanolic effluent; (b) pyrolysis of the organic matrix (including S or P containing species) in a kinetic methanol–oxygen flame; (c) volatilization of the analytes in a reducing post-combustion stage fuelled by H2; and (d) transport of the volatilized analytes to the hydrogen radical rich surroundings of an inverted H2–O2 diffusion flame. Molecular emissions induced in the last step were integrated as a narrow beam in a light-guide positioned remotely from the analytical flame and oriented towards a photomultiplier detection unit. Radioisotopic assays demonstrated that sulfur (as H235SO4) was transferred quantitatively to the analytical flame, whereas the phosphorus (as H332PO4) transport efficiency was semi-quantitative (25–43%). Indirect evidence suggested that sulfur and phosphorus were hydrogenated in the post-combustion step via the same thermochemical hydride generation process previously found to mediate the formation of H2Se and H3As under similar conditions. The linearity of calibration graphs (0.9955 < r < 0.9983, where r is the correlation coefficient) and unprecedented HPLC-FPD limits of detection for sulfur species (1.5 ng s–1 for 2-methylthiophene, 2.25 ng s–1 for CS2, and 4.5 ng s–1 for ethanesulfonic sulfonate) allowed the speciation of sulfur in garlic extracts.
Securely Available Credentials - Requirements (2001)

This document describes requirements to be placed on Securely Available Credentials (SACRED) protocols.
Synthetic Transformations of Vinyl and Aryl Triflates (1993)

The increasing use of vinyl and aryl trifluoromethanesulfonates (triflates) is due to their facile preparation from carbonyl compounds and phenols. They undergo cross-coupling reactions with organometallics as the corresponding organic halides or addition reactions to alkenes and alkynes. Especially in the Heck reaction triflates proved to be superior to halides with respect to regio- and diastereoselectivity. Palladium-catalyzed carbon monoxide insertion of triflates leading to the corresponding esters or amides has found widespread application in natural product synthesis. Various deoxygenation procedures for ketones or phenols are based on the ease of removal of the trifluoromethanesulfoxy group. 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of Vinyl and Aryl Triflates (Nonaflates, Fluorosulfonates) 3. Synthetic Transformations of Vinyl and Aryl Triflates 3.1. Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation 3.1.1. Cross-Coupling Reactions of Vinyl and Aryl Triflates with Organometallics 3.1.2. Cross-Coupling Reactions of Vinyl and Aryl Triflates with Alkenes, Alkynes, Allenes, Cyclopropanes and Ketene Silyl Acetals 3.1.3. Reactions of Vinyl and Aryl Triflates under CO Insertion 3.1.4. Reactions of Vinyl and Aryl Triflates with Cyanides 3.1.5. Reactions of Vinyl Triflates with Aldehydes (Nozaki-Hiyama Reaction) 3.1.6. Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation via Cationic Intermediates 3.2. Carbon-Tin Bond Formation 3.3. Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation 3.4. Carbon-Phosphorus Bond Formation 3.5. Carbon-Sulfur Bond Formation 3.6. Carbon-Halogen Bond Formation 3.7. Hydrogenation of Vinyl and Aryl Triflates or Nonaflates 3.8. Special Reactions 4. Conclusion Abbreviations: dba dibenzylidenacetone dppb bis(diphenylphosphino)butane dppp bis(diphenylphosphino)propane dppf diphenylphosphinoferrocene Bn benzyl TBDMS tert-butyldimethylsilyl Tf triflate Nf nonaflate
Comparative Evaluation of the ExaVir Load Version 3 Reverse Transcriptase Assay for Measurement of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Plasma Load (2009)

In resource-limited settings, the virological monitoring of antiretroviral therapy is limited by high cost and the lack of infrastructure. The Cavidi ExaVir Load assay employs a simple and inexpensive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format to measure human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase activity, which correlates with plasma RNA load. The version 3 assay has been described as having improved precision and sensitivity. There are limited data on its performance relative to those of current real-time assays. Our objective was to compare HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA load measurement in plasma by ExaVir Load version 3 (designated ExaVir), Abbott M2000sp/M2000rt RealTime HIV-1 assay (designated RealTime), and Roche COBAS Ampliprep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 version 1 assay (designated TaqMan). Plasma from 119 patients (34 with subtype B infection, 85 with non-subtype B infection [A-H, CRF01, CRF02, CRF06, CRF12, CRF14, and complex]; 48 subjects were treatment experienced, 71 were naive) and serial dilutions of the second international standard (IS) were tested. Assay relationship and agreement were determined by linear regression, correlation analysis, and the Bland-Altman method. The ExaVir assay quantified 77/83 (92.8%) samples with viral loads of >2.3 log10 copies/ml by the molecular assays. Results were linearly associated and strongly correlated with RealTime and TaqMan measurements (R of 0.94 and 0.92, respectively) for both subtype B (R of 0.97 and 0.95, respectively) and non-subtype B (R of 0.93 and 0.91, respectively) samples. Mean differences were 0.28 and 0.18 log10 copies/ml in favor of the two molecular assays; 7/119 (5.9%) and 5/119 (4.2%) samples were outside the 95% level of agreement. ExaVir underquantified the IS by a mean of 0.2 (range, 0.0 to 0.5) log10 copies/ml. The ExaVir assay showed excellent concordance with real-time molecular assays, offering a suitable option for virological monitoring in settings with limited infrastructure.
Stat3 Directly Controls the Expression of Tbx5, Nkx2.5, and GATA4 and Is Essential for Cardiomyocyte Differentiation of P19CL6 Cells (2010)

The transcription factor Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) mediates many physiological processes, including embryogenesis, stem cell self-renewal, and postnatal survival. In response to gp130 receptor activation, Stat3 becomes phosphorylated by the receptor-associated Janus kinase, forms dimers, and enters the nucleus where it binds to Stat3 target genes and regulates their expression. In this report, we demonstrate that Stat3 binds directly to the promoters and regulates the expression of three genes that are essential for cardiac differentiation: Tbx5, Nkx2.5, and GATA4. We further demonstrate that Tbx5, Nkx2.5, and GATA4 expression is dependent on Stat3 in response to ligand treatment and during ligand-independent differentiation of P19CL6 cells into cardiomyocytes. Finally, we show that Stat3 is necessary for the differentiation of P19CL6 cells into beating cardiomyocytes. All together, these results demonstrate that Stat3 is required for the differentiation of cardiomyocytes through direct transcriptional regulation of Tbx5, Nkx2.5, and GATA4.
CpG Methylation of a Plasmid Vector Results in Extended Transgene Product Expression by Circumventing Induction of Immune Responses (2004)

Gene therapy has the potential to cure inherited diseases if the delivered genes achieve long-term expression at therapeutic levels in the targeted tissues. Expression is commonly short-lived due to induction of cell-mediated immune responses to the gene therapy vehicle and/or the transgene product, which can be perceived as "foreign" by the host's immune system. Plasmid expression vectors have been used to deliver genes. Bacterial DNA carries immunostimulatory sequences in the form of unmethylated CpG motifs, which induce an inflammatory reaction that in turn promotes activation of transgene product-specific B and T cells. Elimination or methylation of immunostimulatory CpG sequences in plasmid expression vectors prevents the stimulation of transgene product-specific immune responses without necessarily reducing transgene expression. In this study, we tested if a CpG-methylated plasmid expression vector expressing the highly immunogenic glycoprotein of rabies virus can achieve prolonged transgene product expression by circumventing immune recognition. Our data show that mice inoculated with a CpG-methylated plasmid expression vector show delayed clearance of transfected cells and fail to mount a strong immune response to the transgene product. Gene transfer with a CpG-methylated plasmid results in a state of immunological low responsiveness to the transgene product, which may facilitate readministration of the transgene. Nevertheless, mice remain responsive to the transgene product delivered by a viral vector.
Engineering Factors for Biomass Baler Design (2007)

Woody biomass is a core element of our nation's strategy to replace imported oil and natural gas with renewable resources. The challenge facing potential biomass users, however, is how to economically recover and transport the material from residential neighborhoods, urban centers and suburban landscapes to distant users. Our preferred solution is to bale the bulky biomass at the roadside to reduce the cost of at-site processing, increase payloads during hauling, and preserve physical properties for more appropriate feedstock processing by woody biomass users. A preliminary step towards this goal is determining the appropriate bale and baler size.
Transfer of plasmid DNA to Brevibacterium lactofermentum by electrotransformation (1990)

The Escherichia coli-Brevibacterium lactofermentum shuttle vector pBLA was introduced into intact cells of B. lactofermentum by electrotransformation. Several parameters of this procedure such as voltage and cell concentration were analysed. Optimal conditions gave an efficiency of 10(6) transformants per microgram of DNA. Two recalcitrant strains could be electrotransformed when an ampicillin pretreatment step was used. Electrotransformation experiments using DNAase or different structural forms of plasmid DNA showed that the electrotransformation process is quite different from natural transformation involving competence development. Restriction-modification-proficient B. lactofermentum could be efficiently electrotransformed with pBLA DNA isolated from E. coli. This restriction-modification system therefore seems to be overcome by electrotransformation. Thus electrotransformation may efficiently replace the protoplast bacterial transformation method.
Mosaic Qβ coats as a new presentation model (1998)

The new protein carrier was developed on the basis of recombinant RNA phage Qbeta capsid. C-terminal UGA extension of the short form of Qbeta coat, so-called A1 extension, served as a target for presentation of foreign peptides on the outer surface of mosaic Qbeta particles. In conditions of enhanced UGA suppression, the proportion of A1-extended to short coats in mosaic particles dropped from 48% to 14%, with an increase of the length of A1 extension. A model insertion, short preS1 epitope 31-DPAFR-35 of hepatitis B surface antigen, demonstrated superficial location on the mosaic Qbeta particles and ensured specific antigenicity and immunogenicity.