gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alopecia areata im Tiermodell – Neue Einblicke in Pathogenese und Therapie einer T‐Zell‐vermittelten Autoimmunerkrankung (2004)

Alopecia areata is a common disease, but for ethical reasons it seems difficult to perform large-scale studies to elucidate the pathogenesis and to develop new therapeutic approaches in man. It is therefore helpful to develop appropriate animal models. The Dundee experimental bald rat (DEBR) and the C3H/HeJ mouse are well-established animal models for alopecia areata and can be used for the study of genetic aspects, pathogenesis and therapy of the disease. In C3H/HeJ mice alopecia areata can be experimentally induced by grafting lesional skin from an affected mouse to a histocompatible recipient which offers the possibility to study the influence of various factors on the development of the disease. Studies on the C3H/HeJ mouse and the DEBR have corroborated the concept that alopecia areata is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease and various steps and aspects of the pathogenesis have been elucidated. Based on this knowledge new therapeutic options may be developed such as inhibition of lymphocyte-homing by an anti-CD44v10 antibody, or inhibition of costimulation by monoclonal antibodies. Therapeutic studies in the C3H/HeJ mouse and the DEBR suggest that alopecia areata can be treated by topical tacrolimus but treatment in humans may only be successful after development of an improved vehicle that facilitates penetration of tacrolimus down to the hair bulb. Current investigations in mice are designed to elucidate the mechanisms how contact sensitizers act in the treatment of alopecia areata, and this will hopefully lead to the development of more specific approaches based on the beneficial effect of contact sensitizers.
In Situ Observation of the Nucleation and Growth of CdSe Nanocrystals (2004)

An in situ method is introduced for the study of nucleation and growth of crystals using the size-dependent properties of a given system in the transition size regime from molecular species to bulk sized crystals. The real-time measurements for the first system studied, a CdSe one, were carried out by recording the absorption spectra during the reaction with a millisecond resolution.
Characterization of electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrodes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrodesRoyce C. Engstrom and Vernon A. StrasserCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 2, 136–141Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00266a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00266a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3742Altmetric-Citations315LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Notes- A Convenient Synthesis of Water-Soluble Carbodiimides. (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- A Convenient Synthesis of Water-Soluble Carbodiimides.John Sheehan, Philip Cruickshank, and Gregory BoshartCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 7, 2525–2528Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online4 March 2003Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01351a600https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01351a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10708Altmetric-Citations370LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Catalytic Domain of Protein Kinase C Chimeras Modulates the Affinity and Targeting of Phorbol Ester-induced Translocation (1997)

Emerging evidence suggests important differences among protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in terms of their regulation and biological functions. PKC is regulated by multiple interdependent mechanisms, including enzymatic activation, translocation of the enzyme in response to activation, phosphorylation, and proteolysis. As part of our ongoing studies to define the factors contributing to the specificity of PKC isozymes, we prepared chimeras between the catalytic and regulatory domains of PKCalpha, -delta, and -epsilon. These chimeras, which preserve the overall structure of the native PKC enzymes, were stably expressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Their intracellular distribution was similar to that of the endogenous enzymes, and they responded with translocation upon treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). We found that the potency of PMA for translocation of the PKCalpha/x chimeras from the soluble fraction was influenced by the catalytic domain. The ED50 for translocation of PKCalpha/alpha was 26 nM, in marked contrast to the ED50 of 0.9 nM in the case of the PKCalpha/epsilon chimera. In addition to this increase in potency, the site of translocation was also changed; the PKCalpha/epsilon chimera translocated mainly into the cytoskeletal fraction. PKCx/epsilon chimeras displayed twin isoforms with different mobilities on Western blots. PMA treatment increased the proportion of the higher mobility isoform. The two PKCx/epsilon isoforms differed in their localization; moreover, their localization pattern depended on the regulatory domain. Our results emphasize the complex contributions of the regulatory and catalytic domains to the overall behavior of PKC.
Spinal adenosine receptor activation inhibits inflammation and joint destruction in rat adjuvant‐induced arthritis (2002)

These data demonstrate that the spinal cord can regulate peripheral inflammation. Therapeutic strategies that target the central nervous system might be useful in arthritis.
Role of alpha1 Acid Glycoprotein in the In Vivo Resistance of Human BCR-ABL+ Leukemic Cells to the Abl Inhibitor STI571 (2000)

AGP in the plasma of relapsed animals binds to STI571, preventing this compound from inhibiting the Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase. Molecules such as erythromycin that compete with STI571 for binding to AGP may enhance the therapeutic potential of this drug.
Programmable microshutter arrays for the JWST NIRSpec (2004)

A programmable transmissive field selector for the James Webb space telescope (JWST) near-infrared spectrometer (NIRSpec) is being developed. A primary goal for JWST is to detect the first galaxies to form in the universe, and then to follow their evolution and the growth of structure. Large scale redshift surveys are essential tools to allow researchers to identify these first galaxies, and to follow the subsequent development of structure. High redshift galaxy candidates will be sparse on the sky even with JWST, so a multi-object is essential to provide the most capable tool for this study of the early universe. Using micro electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) techniques, transmissive microshutter arrays are produced which permit opening of shutter elements under random access control. With this device, images of the sky can be used to identify objects of interest, and can then program the open areas in the telescope focal plane to allow the light from these candidate objects to enter the spectrograph. The programmable field selector, which is used to accept the light from the candidate objects, is one of the most challenging components in a multi-object spectrograph.
Reagentless Near-Infrared Determination of Glucose in Whole Blood Using Multivariate Calibration (1992)

Noninvasive monitoring of glucose in diabetic patients is feasible with the use of near-infrared spectroscopic measurements. As a step toward the final goal of the development of a noninvasive monitor, the near-infrared spectra (4250 to 6600 cm −1 ) of glucose-doped whole blood samples were obtained along with reference glucose values. Glucose concentrations and spectra of blood samples obtained from four subjects were subjected to multivariate calibration with the use of partial least-squares (PLS) methods. The cross-validated PLS standard errors of prediction for glucose concentration based on data obtained from each individual subject's blood samples averaged 33 mg/dL over the range from 3 to 743 mg/dL. Cross-validated standard errors for glucose concentration from PLS calibrations based on data from all four subjects were 39 mg/dL. However, when PLS models based upon three subjects' data were used for prediction on the fourth, glucose prediction abilities were poor. It is suggested that blood chemistry differences were sufficiently different for the four subjects to require that a larger number of subjects be included in the calibration for adequate prediction abilities to be obtained from near-infrared spectra of blood from subjects not included in the calibration.
Nonlinear wavepacket interferometry for polyatomic molecules (2000)

We investigate the application of a previously considered nonlinear wavepacket interferometry scheme to molecules with a single stable conformation in the electronic ground state. It is shown that interference experiments with pairs of phase-locked ultrashort pulse-pairs can be used to determine the complex overlaps of a nonstationary nuclear wavefunction evolving in an excited electronic state with a collection of compact displaced wavepackets moving in specified ways in the ground-state potential.
Isoelectric focusing of proteins in a microcapillary with universal concentration gradient detection (1992)

Abstract Proteins were separated by capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) performed in a 5‐μm i.d., 12‐cm long uncoated capillary, and detected by an on‐column concentration gradient detector based on Schlieren optics. The narrow capillary allows the application of a 15‐kV separation voltage. The high voltage resulted in a very narrow 30‐μm wide zone for carbonic anhydrase, which corresponded to a 60‐fL zone volume. All focused proteins could be detected by the universal concentration gradient detector without derivatization in less than 7 min. On‐column mass detection limits for proteins were at the 100 amol level, which was lower than that of a UV‐vis absorption spectrometric detector. The detection volume of the detector was calculated to be 20 fL, the smallest detection volumes reported to date for optical or spectroscopic detectors. This microcapillary CIEF‐concentration gradient detector system may be a useful technique for direct analysis of proteins at the single cell level.
DNA polymerase III accessory proteins. I. holA and holB encoding delta and delta' (1993)

The genes encoding the delta and delta' subunits of the 10-subunit Escherichia coli replicase, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, have been identified and sequenced. The holA gene encoding delta is located downstream of rlpB at 15.2 min and predicts a 38.7 kda protein. The holB gene encoding delta' is located at 24.3 min and predicts a 36.9-kDa protein. Hence the delta and delta' subunits are unrelated proteins encoded by separate genes. The genes have been used to express and purify delta and delta' in quantity. The predicted amino acid sequence of delta' is homologous to the sequences of the tau and gamma subunits revealing a large amount of structural redundancy within the holoenzyme.
Techniques for designing physically path-length matched optical circuitry (2011)

A pressing need exists for optically-path-length-matched waveguides in monolithic integrated photonics for applications such as high angular resolution optical stellar interferometry. In this paper, we discuss techniques for rapid prototyping of physically-path-length-matched three-dimensional photonic circuitry.
Interaction of Peroxynitrite with Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase (1998)

Purified mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase catalyzes the conversion of peroxynitrite to nitric oxide (NO). This reaction is cyanide-sensitive, indicating that the binuclear heme a3/CuB center is the catalytic site. NO production causes a reversible inhibition of turnover, characterized by formation of the cytochrome a3 nitrosyl complex. In addition, peroxynitrite causes irreversible inhibition of cytochrome oxidase, characterized by a decreased Vmax and a raised Km for oxygen. Under these conditions, the redox state of cytochrome a is elevated, indicating inhibition of electron transfer and/or oxygen reduction reactions subsequent to this center. The lipid bilayer is no barrier to these peroxynitrite effects, as NO production and irreversible enzyme inhibition were also observed in cytochrome oxidase proteoliposomes. Addition of 50 microM peroxynitrite to 10 microM fully oxidized enzyme induced spectral changes characteristic of the formation of ferryl cytochrome a3, partial reduction of cytochrome a, and irreversible damage to the CuA site. Higher concentrations of peroxynitrite (250 microM) cause heme degradation. In the fully reduced enzyme, peroxynitrite causes a red shift in the optical spectrum of both cytochromes a and a3, resulting in a symmetrical peak in the visible region. Therefore, peroxynitrite can both modify and degrade the metal centers of cytochrome oxidase.
High-resolution mapping of carcinogen binding sites on DNA (1986)

We have used a photochemical method to map covalent binding sites of the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrenediol epoxide (BPDE) within DNA from the transcriptional control region of the chicken adult beta-globin gene. Our preliminary low-resolution mapping has demonstrated that this region contains highly preferred BPDE binding sites [Boles, T.C., & Hogan, M.E. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 5623-5627]. Here, we find that BPDE binding at individual G residues in this region is influenced by nearest-neighbor interactions and also by longer range interactions that may be attributable to sequence-specific variation of DNA secondary structure. Our findings suggest that long poly(dG) sequences should be preferred sites for BPDE action in other genes.
Transcriptome Analysis and Physical Mapping of Barley Genes in Wheat–Barley Chromosome Addition Lines (2005)

Wheat-barley chromosome addition lines are useful genetic resources for a variety of studies. In this study, transcript accumulation patterns in Betzes barley, Chinese Spring wheat, and Chinese Spring-Betzes chromosome addition lines were examined with the Barley1 Affymetrix GeneChip probe array. Of the 4014 transcripts detected in Betzes but not in Chinese Spring, 365, 271, 265, 323, 194, and 369 were detected in wheat-barley disomic chromosome addition lines 2(2H), 3(3H), 4(4H), 7(5H), 6(6H), and 1(7H), respectively. Thus, 1787 barley transcripts were detected in a wheat genetic background and, by virtue of the addition line in which they were detected, were physically mapped to barley chromosomes. We validated and extended our approach to physically map barley genes to the long and short arms of chromosome 6(6H). Our physical map data exhibited a high level of synteny with homologous sequences on the wheat and/or rice syntenous chromosomes, indicating that our barley physical maps are robust. Our results show that barley transcript detection in wheat-barley chromosome addition lines is an efficient approach for large-scale physical mapping of genes.
A simple camera calibration method based on sub-pixel corner extraction of the chessboard image (2010)

In view of the limitations revealed in detecting some special types of corners such as chessboard corners (orthogonal X- corners), the authors of this paper improve the SUSAN operator by adding two ring-shaped masks within the SUSAN circular mask. The improved SUSAN operator also includes sub-pixel positioning of the corners by using the center of the gravity about brightness. Moreover, according to the imaging characteristics of optical lens about distortion distribution, we propose a simple camera calibration method in which the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the camera and the distortion coefficients are calibrated separately, that is, the camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are linearly calibrated firstly using calibrating points near the center of the image, and then the distortion coefficients are calculated using calibrating points in the whole field of view. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm obtains good results both in calibrating precision and speed.
Rift Valley Fever Virus NSs Protein Promotes Post-Transcriptional Downregulation of Protein Kinase PKR and Inhibits eIF2α Phosphorylation (2009)

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) (genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae) is a negative-stranded RNA virus with a tripartite genome. RVFV is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes fever and severe hemorrhagic illness among humans, and fever and high rates of abortions in livestock. A nonstructural RVFV NSs protein inhibits the transcription of host mRNAs, including interferon-beta mRNA, and is a major virulence factor. The present study explored a novel function of the RVFV NSs protein by testing the replication of RVFV lacking the NSs gene in the presence of actinomycin D (ActD) or alpha-amanitin, both of which served as a surrogate of the host mRNA synthesis suppression function of the NSs. In the presence of the host-transcriptional inhibitors, the replication of RVFV lacking the NSs protein, but not that carrying NSs, induced double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-mediated eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)2alpha phosphorylation, leading to the suppression of host and viral protein translation. RVFV NSs promoted post-transcriptional downregulation of PKR early in the course of the infection and suppressed the phosphorylated eIF2alpha accumulation. These data suggested that a combination of RVFV replication and NSs-induced host transcriptional suppression induces PKR-mediated eIF2alpha phosphorylation, while the NSs facilitates efficient viral translation by downregulating PKR and inhibiting PKR-mediated eIF2alpha phosphorylation. Thus, the two distinct functions of the NSs, i.e., the suppression of host transcription, including that of type I interferon mRNAs, and the downregulation of PKR, work together to prevent host innate antiviral functions, allowing efficient replication and survival of RVFV in infected mammalian hosts.
Neurogenesis in the Adult Rat: Electron Microscopic Analysis of Light Radioautographs (1977)

Three-month-old rats were injected intraperitoneally with [3H]thymidine (4.3 microcuries per gram of body weight) and allowed to survive for 30 days. Radioautography of 1-micrometer sections revealed labeled cells in the granular layers of dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb; these were confirmed as neurons by electron microscopy of reembedded 1-micrometer sections.
A quick method for analyzing Hartmann-Shack patterns : application to corneal surgery (2000)

A quick method to analyze the Hartmann-Shack pattern is developed. This method allows to easily study the limitations of the system and to determine how to improve its capacity to measure a large range of aberration. It can treat situations presenting a difficulty when analyzing the detected pattern. As an application the case of eyes suffering from large amounts of aberration due to corneal surgery is considered.
Tumor chemosensitization strategies based on apoptosis manipulations. (2003)

MDR[3][1] is a major obstacle to the effective treatment of cancer. Drug resistant cancers are either inherently untreatable (intrinsic resistance) or they have progressed to develop resistance to a wide variety of anticancer agents over the course of treatment (acquired resistance). The term MDR is
Cloning and characterization of the DNA of a new human papillomavirus from a woman with dysplasia of the uterine cervix (1986)

A previous analysis of 121 female genital tract lesions from the United States and South America had revealed that a large number contained DNA sequences that were weakly homologous to a panel of human papillomavirus (HPV) probes. The DNA sequences of one of these viruses have been molecularly cloned and shown to be a new type of HPV which is called HPV 31. Among the cloned HPV genomes, HPV 31 is most closely related to HPV 16. Although absent from all genital condylomas studied, HPV 31 was present in approximately 20% of the mild and moderate dysplasias and in 6% of the invasive cervical cancers
Mixed chimerism and tolerance without whole body irradiation in a large animal model (2000)

Mixed hematopoietic chimerism may provide a treatment for patients with nonmalignant hematologic diseases, and may tolerize patients to organ allografts without requiring chronic immunosuppression. However, the toxicity of the usual conditioning regimens has limited the clinical applicability of this approach. These regimens generally include some level of whole body irradiation (WBI), which is thought to facilitate engraftment either by making room for donor hematopoietic stem cells or by providing sufficient host immunosuppression to enable donor cells to engraft. Here, we have established mixed chimerism across both minor and major histocompatibility barriers in swine, by using high doses of peripheral blood stem cells in the absence of WBI. After mixed chimerism was established, swine leukocyte antigen-matched (SLA-matched) donor skin grafts were tolerated and maintained for a prolonged period, whereas third-party SLA-matched skin was rejected promptly. Donor-matched kidney allografts were also accepted without additional immunosuppression. Because of its low toxicity, this approach has potential for a wide range of clinical applications. Our data may indicate that niches for engrafting stem cells are filled by mass action and that WBI, which serves to empty some of these niches, can be omitted if the donor inoculum is sufficiently large and if adequate host T-cell depletion is achieved before transplant.