gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intracranial neurostimulation for pain control: a review. (2010)

Intracranial neurostimulation for pain relief is most frequently delivered by stimulating the motor cortex, the sensory thalamus, or the periaqueductal and periventricular gray matter. The stimulation of these sites through MCS (motor cortex stimulation) and DBS (deep brain stimulation) has proven effective for treating a number of neuropathic and nociceptive pain states that are not responsive or amenable to other therapies or types of neurostimulation. Prospective randomized clinical trials to confirm the efficacy of these intracranial therapies have not been published. Intracranial neurostimulation is somewhat different than other forms of neurostimulation in that its current primary application is for the treatment of medically intractable movement disorders. However, the increasing use of intracranial neurostimulation for the treatment of chronic pain, especially for pain not responsive to other neuromodulation techniques, reflects the efficacy and relative safety of these intracranial procedures. First employed in 1954, intracranial neurostimulation represents one of the earliest uses of neurostimulation to treat chronic pain that is refractory to medical therapy. Currently, 2 kinds of intracranial neurostimulation are commonly used to control pain: motor cortex stimulation and deep brain stimulation. MCS has shown particular promise in the treatment of trigeminal neuropathic pain and central pain syndromes such as thalamic pain syndrome. DBS may be employed for a number of nociceptive and neuropathic pain states, including cluster headaches, chronic low back pain, failed back surgery syndrome, peripheral neuropathic pain, facial deafferentation pain, and pain that is secondary to brachial plexus avulsion. The unique lack of stimulation-induced perceptual experience with MCS makes MCS uniquely suited for blinded studies of its effectiveness. This article will review the scientific rationale, indications, surgical techniques, and outcomes of intracranial neuromodulation procedures for the treatment of chronic pain.
The thalassaemia syndromes (2007)

The thalassaemia syndromes, endemic in the Mediterranean area, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, the Far East and in tropical Africa, are the most common hereditary disorders in humans, and millions of people are affected by diseases. Due to a widespread population flow between continents in recent past centuries, the thalassaemias are now occurring with relatively high frequency in many non-endemic areas. In the Nordic countries, homozygous thalassaemia is still relatively rare, and most health-care personnel are not familiar with these diseases. This article focuses on two important issues, namely the biological and the clinical aspects of thalassaemia.
Proper coronary vascular development and heart morphogenesis depend on interaction of GATA-4 with FOG cofactors (2001)

GATA-family transcription factors are critical to the development of diverse tissues. In particular, GATA-4 has been implicated in formation of the vertebrate heart. As the mouse Gata-4 knock-out is early embryonic lethal because of a defect in ventral morphogenesis, the in vivo function of this factor in heart development remains unresolved. To search for a requirement for Gata4 in heart development, we created mice harboring a single amino acid replacement in GATA-4 that impairs its physical interaction with its presumptive cardiac cofactor FOG-2. Gata4(ki/ki) mice die just after embryonic day (E) 12.5 exhibiting features in common with Fog2(-/-) embryos as well as additional semilunar cardiac valve defects and a double-outlet right ventricle. These findings establish an intrinsic requirement for GATA-4 in heart development. We also infer that GATA-4 function is dependent on interaction with FOG-2 and, very likely, an additional FOG protein for distinct aspects of heart formation.
twist is a potential oncogene that inhibits apoptosis (1999)

Oncogene activation increases susceptibility to apoptosis. Thus, tumorigenesis must depend, in part, on compensating mutations that protect from programmed cell death. A functional screen for cDNAs that could counteract the proapoptotic effects of the myc oncogene identified two related bHLH family members, Twist and Dermo1. Both of these proteins inhibited oncogene- and p53-dependent cell death. Twist expression bypassed p53-induced growth arrest. These effects correlated with an ability of Twist to interfere with activation of a p53-dependent reporter and to impair induction of p53 target genes in response to DNA damage. An underlying explanation for this observation may be provided by the ability of Twist to reduce expression of the ARF tumor suppressor. Thus, Twist may affect p53 indirectly through modulation of the ARF/MDM2/p53 pathway. Consistent with a role as a potential oncoprotein, Twist expression promoted colony formation of E1A/ras-transformed mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) in soft agar. Furthermore, Twist was inappropriately expressed in 50% of rhabdomyosarcomas, a tumor that arises from skeletal muscle precursors that fail to differentiate. Twist is known to block myogenic differentiation. Thus, Twist may play multiple roles in the formation of rhabdomyosarcomas, halting terminal differentiation, inhibiting apoptosis, and interfering with the p53 tumor-suppressor pathway.
Monolayers of derivatized poly( l -lysine)-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) on metal oxides as a class of biomolecular interfaces (2001)

We report on the design and characterization of a class of biomolecular interfaces based on derivatized poly(l-lysine)-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers adsorbed on negatively charged surfaces. As a model system, we synthesized biotin-derivatized poly(l-lysine)-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers, PLL-g-[(PEGm)((1-x)) (PEG-biotin)(x)], where x varies from 0 to 1. Monolayers were produced on titanium dioxide substrates and characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The specific biorecognition properties of these biotinylated surfaces were investigated with the use of radiolabeled streptavidin alone and within complex protein mixtures. The PLL-g-PEG-biotin monolayers specifically capture streptavidin, even from a complex protein mixture, while still preventing nonspecific adsorption of other proteins. This streptavidin layer can subsequently capture biotinylated proteins. Finally, with the use of microfluidic networks and protein arraying, we demonstrate the potential of this class of biomolecular interfaces for applications based on protein patterning.
Logic verification methodology for PowerPC microprocessors (1995)

AbstractThe PowerPC logic verification methodology is a general purpose approach suitable for a large class of chip designs that can exceed five million transistors in size. Several validation techniques are integrated into an automated logic verification strategy. The success of this methodology has been demonstrated by realizing three PowerPC microprocessor chips that were functional the first time.
Regenerative Effects of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fracture Healing (2009)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have a therapeutic potential in patients with fractures to reduce the time of healing and treat nonunions. The use of MSC to treat fractures is attractive for several reasons. First, MSCs would be implementing conventional reparative process that seems to be defective or protracted. Secondly, the effects of MSCs treatment would be needed only for relatively brief duration of reparation. However, an integrated approach to define the multiple regenerative contributions of MSC to the fracture repair process is necessary before clinical trials are initiated. In this study, using a stabilized tibia fracture mouse model, we determined the dynamic migration of transplanted MSC to the fracture site, their contributions to the repair process initiation, and their role in modulating the injury-related inflammatory responses. Using MSC expressing luciferase, we determined by bioluminescence imaging that the MSC migration at the fracture site is time- and dose-dependent and, it is exclusively CXCR4-dependent. MSC improved the fracture healing affecting the callus biomechanical properties and such improvement correlated with an increase in cartilage and bone content, and changes in callus morphology as determined by micro-computed tomography and histological studies. Transplanting CMV-Cre-R26R-Lac Z-MSC, we found that MSCs engrafted within the callus endosteal niche. Using MSCs from BMP-2-Lac Z mice genetically modified using a bacterial artificial chromosome system to be beta-gal reporters for bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) expression, we found that MSCs contributed to the callus initiation by expressing BMP-2. The knowledge of the multiple MSC regenerative abilities in fracture healing will allow design of novel MSC-based therapies to treat fractures.
Alzheimer Disease in the US Population (2003)

The number of persons with AD in the US population will continue to increase unless new discoveries facilitate prevention of the disease.
[Levels of selected soluble adhesion molecules in blood serum of children with chronic glomerulonephritis]. (2001)

Increased concentrations of circulating soluble adhesion molecules have been reported in a variety of disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin, sP-selectin concentrations in 60 children with chronic glomerulonephritis GN (49 patients with GN and syndrome nephroticum, 11--with GN only), aged 3-17 years (mean 9 years) and in 15 healthy children (control group). The histopathological diagnoses of the 27 patients were: minimal change GN--10 cases, lupus nephritis--3, mesangiocapillary GN--4, mesangial GN--4, membranous GN--1, focal glomerulosclerosis--5. It was found a significant increase of tested soluble adhesion molecules in all children with GN compared to the control, independent on the histopathological type of GN. Serum sVCAM-1 and sP-selectin concentrations were higher in children with GN and syndrome nephroticum compared with patients with GN only. The results indicate activation of platelets, leucocytes, endothelium and its damage in GN. It seems, that more advanced vascular endothelium changes and platelets activation occur in children with GN and syndrome nephroticum.
The BRAF and MEK Inhibitors Dabrafenib and Trametinib: Effects on Immune Function and in Combination with Immunomodulatory Antibodies Targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 (2015)

These findings support the potential for synergy between targeted therapies dabrafenib and trametinib and immunomodulatory antibodies. Clinical exploration of such combination regimens is under way.
Dual‐frequency microstrip antenna with embedded reactive loading (1999)

Novel dual-frequency operation of a single-feed rectangular microstrip antenna with an embedded reactive loading is presented. The reactive loading is provided by a structure of two cascaded microstrip-line sections embedded within a rectangular slot cut in the patch. By selecting suitable dimensions of the microstrip-line sections and the rectangular slot, the proposed antenna can perform dual-frequency operation, with a low frequency ratio of about 1.04–1.15 between the two operating frequencies. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 23: 186–188, 1999.
Lymphokine-activated killer cells: lysis of fresh syngeneic natural killer-resistant murine tumor cells by lymphocytes cultured in interleukin 2. (1984)

Normal splenocytes that are cultured in the lymphokine, interleukin 2 (IL-2), for as short as 2 days develop lytic activity for fresh syngeneic natural killer-resistant tumor cells as well as natural killer-sensitive YAC cells in a 4-hr 51Cr release assay. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells do not lyse syngeneic fresh lymphocytes but do lyse syngeneic concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte blasts. Lysis is not due to the presence of lectin or xenogeneic serum and appears to be an intrinsic property of lymphocytes activated in IL-2. The activation appears universal in that lymphocytes from all strains of mice activated in this manner exhibited similar patterns of lysis for fresh tumor target cells. To characterize the cells responsible for this lysis, we analyzed the phenotypic expression of surface markers on these cells with depletion techniques using monoclonal antibody and complement. These studies indicate that the precursor of the LAK cell is Thy-1+ and nonadherent to plastic or nylon wool. Lysis of syngeneic tumor was inhibited when LAK cells were treated with an anti-Thy-1.2, or anti-Lyt-2.2 monoclonal antibody and complement but not with anti-Lyt-1.2 monoclonal antibody and complement, indicating that the observed lytic activity was due to a Thy-1+ Lyt-1-2+ cell. Furthermore, LAK cell-mediated lysis could be inhibited by the addition of anti-Lyt-2 or LFA-1 monoclonal antibody to cytotoxicity assays. Cold target inhibition analysis revealed that the syngeneic tumor cells were lysed by recognition of a determinant not present on normal lymphocytes or lymphocyte blasts. This lysis of fresh solid tumor cells by lymphoid cells grown in IL-2 may be of value in the study of tumor-host immunological interactions. The biological significance of tumor lysis by IL-2-activated cells requires further study.
Wideband injection-locked divide-by-3 frequency divider design with regenerative second-harmonic feedback technique (2012)

This paper presents an integration of wideband injection-locked divide-by-3 frequency divider with regenerative second-harmonic feedback technique. By using the proposed feedback technique, a divider with a wide input locking range over 10% can be achieved at Ka-band, which performs near the device maximum oscillation frequency (f MAX ) in a CMOS 0.18- µm process. The divider can operate from 33.9 GHz to 37.7 GHz with an input injection power of 0 dBm. The measured input locking range is 3.8 GHz (10.6%). The chip area of the divider core is 0.22 mm2. The core power consumption is 11.9 mW at a supply voltage of 0.9 V. At an offset frequency of 200 KHz, the measured output phase noise under lock is −121 dBc/Hz as the input signal with phase noise of −111.5 dBc/Hz is applied. The difference of 9.5 dB in phase noise is close to the theoretical value predicted by the theorem of division-by-3.
Cytomegalovirus-Infected Human Endothelial Cells Can Stimulate Allogeneic CD4+ Memory T Cells by Releasing Antigenic Exosomes (2009)

Human CMV infection is controlled by T cell-mediated immunity and in immunosuppressed transplant patients it is associated with acute allograft rejection as well as chronic allograft vasculopathy. CMV infects endothelial cells (EC) and it is thought that CMV-specific host immune responses to infected allograft EC contribute to rejection. In vitro, CD4(+) T cells from CMV-positive donors (but not CMV-negative donors) are readily activated by CMV-infected allogeneic EC, although it is unclear how allogeneic CMV-infected EC activate self-class II MHC-restricted memory CD4(+) T cells. In this study, we confirm that purified CD4(+) T cells from CMV(+) donors are activated by allogeneic CMV-infected EC, but find that the response is dependent upon copurified APC expressing class II MHC that are autologous to the T cells. The transfer of CMV Ags from infected EC to APC can be mediated by EC-derived exosome-like particles. These results provide a mechanism by which CMV can exacerbate allograft rejection and suggest a novel function of EC-derived exosomes that could contribute in a more general manner to immune surveillance.
Use of sulfite and hydrogen peroxide to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation (1997)

Lactic acid bacteria isolated from an industrial-scale ethanol fermentation process were used to evaluate sulfite as a bacterial-contamination control agent in a cell-recycled continuous ethanol fermentation process. The viabilities of bacteria were decreased by sulfite at concentrations of 100 to 400 mg liter-1, while sulfite at the same concentrations did not change the viability of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain used in this process. Sulfite was effective only in the presence of oxygen. Bacteria showed differences in their susceptibilities to sulfite. Facultatively heterofermentative Lactobacillus casei 4-3 was more susceptible than was obligatory heterofermentative Lactobacillus fermentum 7-1. The former showed higher enzyme activities involved in the production and consumption of hydrogen peroxide than did the latter. The viability of L. fermentum 7-1 could be selectively controlled by hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 1 to 10 mM. Based on these findings, it is hypothesized that the sulfur trioxide radical anions formed by peroxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide are responsible for the control of contaminating bacteria. Sulfite did not kill the yeast strain, which has catalase to degrade hydrogen peroxide. A cell-recycled continuous ethanol fermentation process was run successfully with sulfite treatments.
Fast solution methods in electromagnetics (1997)

Various methods for efficiently solving electromagnetic problems are presented. Electromagnetic scattering problems can be roughly classified into surface and volume problems, while fast methods are either differential or integral equation based. The resultant systems of linear equations are either solved directly or iteratively. A review of various differential equation solvers, their complexities, and memory requirements is given. The issues of grid dispersion and hybridization with integral equation solvers are discussed. Several fast integral equation solvers for surface and volume scatterers are presented. These solvers have reduced computational complexities and memory requirements.
The Effects of Cold-rolling Strain on Microstructure and Formability of Al Bearing TRIP-aided Cold-rolled Steel Sheets with Annealed Bainitic Lath Structure Matrix (2010)

The effects of cold-rolling strain on microstructure and formability of 0.2%C–0.5–1.5%Si–1.5%Mn–0.04–1.0%Al, in mass%, TRIP-aided cold-rolled sheet steels with annealed bainitic lath structure matrix (TAB steels) were investigated. Cold rolling straining changed the matrix structure after intercritical annealing from annealed bainitic lath structure to granular structure with a change of retained austenite morphology, if the structure before cold-rolling was changed to bainitic lath structure. Both the largest elongation and the best stretch-flangeability were achieved in 1.0% Al bearing TAB steel subjected to cold-rolling strain of 40%, followed by intercritical annealing and austempering. This was caused by the increased retained austenite stability and the remained bainitic lath structure due to Al addition.
Rigid molecular tweezers: preorganized hosts for electron donor-acceptor complexation in organic solvents (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRigid molecular tweezers: preorganized hosts for electron donor-acceptor complexation in organic solventsSteven C. Zimmerman, Craig M. VanZyl, and Gregory S. HamiltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4, 1373–1381Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00186a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00186a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1097Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Functional characterization of a soluble gp130 isoform and its therapeutic capacity in an experimental model of inflammatory arthritis (2006)

The use of inhibitory antibodies to block IL-6 responses has shown considerable clinical promise. However, the results presented herein suggest that selective targeting of IL-6 trans-signaling may represent a viable alternative to this strategy. In this respect, our present results suggest that the soluble gp130 isoform gp130-RAPS may be useful in the treatment of chronic inflammatory arthritis.
CD9 is expressed in extravillous trophoblasts in association with integrin alpha3 and integrin alpha5 (1999)

The CD9 molecule is a 24-27 kDa cell surface glycoprotein, which may be related to Schwann cell migration and adhesion. In this study, we examined the expression of CD9 in human extravillous trophoblasts, which invade into the endometrium during implantation and placentation. CD9 was detected immunohistochemically on the extravillous trophoblasts in the cell columns of first trimester placentae, but not on villous trophoblasts. In the second and third trimester, CD9 was highly expressed on the extravillous trophoblasts in the basal plate of placentae, and in the chorion laeve in the fetal membrane of term placentae. The molecular mass of CD9 in the chorion laeve was shown to be 27 kDa by Western blotting. The mRNA of CD9 was also detected in the chorion laeve by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Proteins were purified from chorion laeve by affinity chromatography with anti-integrin alpha3 and alpha5 monoclonal antibodies and Western blotting, revealed that CD9 was associated with both integrins. These findings indicate that CD9 is a differentiation-related molecule present in the extravillous trophoblasts. Since it is associated with integrin alpha5 which has been proposed to regulate trophoblast invasion, CD9 may be implicated in trophoblast invasion at the feto-maternal interface.