gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of the aptamer AS1411 with paclitaxel or Ara-C produces synergistic inhibition of cancer cell growth (2007)

4818 AS1411 is the first nucleic acid aptamer to be tested as a treatment for cancer. AS1411 is a 26-base unmodified phosphodiester-based guanosine rich oligonucleotide (GRO), which, as a dimer, forms a quartet structure resistant to serum nucleases. It is postulated to exert anti-cancer activity by binding to cell surface nucleolin; this then results in S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In a Phase I dose-escalation trial promising signs of anticancer activity were reported in renal cancer patients (9 of 12 patients showed clinical benefit (stable disease, partial or complete response)) and the drug produced no serious adverse events at any dose tested (up to 2 cycles of 7-day infusions of 40 mg/kg/day). The aim of these studies was to evaluate the potential of combining AS1411 with various traditional cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, using in vitro cancer cell lines. Initially AS1411 was shown to induce cell killing of a broad range of human cancer cell lines, derived from both hematologic and solid cancers, typically requiring concentrations of around 5μM to cause 50% cell kill. For combination studies, A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells were incubated with a fixed concentration of 3μM of AS1411(a concentration that did not cause growth inhibition when used alone) for 6 days with varying concentrations of the cytotoxic agents (cisplatin, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, Ara-C or 5-fluorouracil) added on day 3. Using combination index analysis, AS1411 demonstrated synergistic growth inhibition when used with either paclitaxel or Ara-C. Further work has given insights into the mechanism of action of AS1411 and will be presented. These data, alongside the general lack of toxicities observed thus far in the clinic with AS1411, attest to the promise of conducting combination studies in man with AS1411, especially with paclitaxel and Ara-C.
Design and Synthesis of Bimetallic Electrocatalyst with Multilayered Pt-Skin Surfaces (2011)

Advancement in heterogeneous catalysis relies on the capability of altering material structures at the nanoscale, and that is particularly important for the development of highly active electrocatalysts with uncompromised durability. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a Pt-bimetallic catalyst with multilayered Pt-skin surface, which shows superior electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This novel structure was first established on thin film extended surfaces with tailored composition profiles and then implemented in nanocatalysts by organic solution synthesis. Electrochemical studies for the ORR demonstrated that after prolonged exposure to reaction conditions, the Pt-bimetallic catalyst with multilayered Pt-skin surface exhibited an improvement factor of more than 1 order of magnitude in activity versus conventional Pt catalysts. The substantially enhanced catalytic activity and durability indicate great potential for improving the material properties by fine-tuning of the nanoscale architecture.
Human Individuals Vary in Attractiveness for Host-Seeking Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) Based on Exhaled Carbon Dioxide (1996)

The attractiveness of 5 male subjects was compared to determine if female black flies were attracted more readily by certain individuals and, if so, to determine the bases of such differences. During 2 yr, in experiments contrasting different groupings of the subjects, 1 subject was consistently the most attractive, whereas another was consistently the least attractive. Attractiveness of the remaining 3 subjects was intermediate. Removing exhaled breath resulted in a decrease of attractiveness to approximately 15% of previous levels and removed differences among subjects. Replacing breath exhalations with subject-specific CO2 levels restored subject attractiveness to approximately 90% of original levels. Exhaled breath from which CO2 had been removed with a soda-lime filter and then augmented with bottled CO2 was consistently more attractive than CO2 alone at the augmentation rate, indicating the role of other breath components. A human form plus breath odor was more attractive than a human form and a human form plus body odor. Results lend credibility to popular notions that some people are more attractive for black flies than are others and indicate that these differences may be accounted for by individual production rates of breath CO2.
Autoregulation and multiple enhancers control Math1 expression in the developing nervous system (2000)

Development of the vertebrate nervous system requires the actions of transcription factors that establish regional domains of gene expression, which results in the generation of diverse neuronal cell types. MATH1, a transcription factor of the bHLH class, is expressed during development of the nervous system in multiple neuronal domains, including the dorsal neural tube, the EGL of the cerebellum and the hair cells of the vestibular and auditory systems. MATH1 is essential for proper development of the granular layer of the cerebellum and the hair cells of the cochlear and vestibular systems, as shown in mice carrying a targeted disruption of Math1. Previously, we showed that 21 kb of sequence flanking the Math1-coding region is sufficient for Math1 expression in transgenic mice. Here we identify two discrete sequences within the 21 kb region that are conserved between mouse and human, and are sufficient for driving a lacZ reporter gene in these domains of Math1 expression in transgenic mice. The two identified enhancers, while dissimilar in sequence, appear to have redundant activities in the different Math1 expression domains except the spinal neural tube. The regulatory mechanisms for each of the diverse Math1 expression domains are tightly linked, as separable regulatory elements for any given domain of Math1 expression were not found, suggesting that a common regulatory mechanism controls these apparently unrelated domains of expression. In addition, we demonstrate a role for autoregulation in controlling the activity of the Math1 enhancer, through an essential E-box consensus binding site.
Diffraction of Visible Light by Ordered Monodisperse Silica−Poly(methyl acrylate) Composite Films (1996)

Composites of ordered colloidal crystals of amorphous monodisperse silica particles in amorphous poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) films selectively Bragg diffract visible light. The 153 nm diameter colloidal silica particles coated with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate form colloidal crystals in methyl acrylate (MA) monomer, and the crystal order is locked into place by polymerization of the MA. Bragg diffraction from the films is detected spectrophotometrically as narrow peaks of low percent transmission of visible light normal to the film plane. The diffraction wavelength is tuned by varying the d spacing of the crystal lattice and by varying the Bragg angle. Variation in the lattice spacing is achieved via the particle size or particle concentration, uniaxial stretching of the composite, and swelling the composite with monomers such as styrene or MA followed by photopolymerization of the imbibed monomers. Films that diffract from 434 to 632 nm have been prepared.
Light microscopic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical comparison of Bama minipig (Sus scrofa domestica) and human skin. (2010)

Here we sought to evaluate the possibility of using Chinese Bama miniature pig skin as a suitable animal model for human skin. Morphologic features of the skin of Bama miniature pigs resemble those of human skin, including skin layer thickness, development of a superficial vascular system, structure of the dermal-epidermal interface, and extracellular matrix. The characteristics and densities of Langerhans cells, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and mast cells were similar between Bama pig and human skin. Immunohistochemistry showed that miniature pigs and humans have the same antigenic determinants of human laminin, fibronectin, filaggrin, collagen I, collagen III, collagen IV, and keratin but not CD34, ICAM1, or S100. In addition, collagen type I from Bama miniature pig skin exhibited physicochemical characteristics resembling those of human skin, in regard to HPLC chromatography, UV spectroscopy, amino-acid composition, and SDS-PAGE analysis. Given these results, we concluded that Bama miniature pigs have great potential as a human skin model and for developing dermal substitute materials in wound repair. However, we also observed some disparities between the skin of Bama miniature pigs and humans, including pigment cell distribution, sweat gland types, and others. Therefore, further studies are needed to completely evaluate the effects of these interspecies differences on the actual application of the model.
Health related quality of life of children and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Brazil (2014)

There seems to be a loss of HRQOL in children and adolescents with classical CAH. The self-assessment was concordant in key areas with the assessment made by their parents. No differences were observed between genders or clinical presentation of the disease.
The HIF-1α-c-Myc pathway and tumorigenesis (2011)

Comment on: Hayashi M, et al. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:2364–72
Chemokine Receptor Cloning (2003)

Detailed understanding of chemokine action ultimately requires molecular cloning of chemokine receptor genes and cDNAs. Both forward and reverse genetic methods have been used for this purpose (1). Forward methods, which involve primary purification of a protein based on a defined physical or functional property, has been used for only one chemokine receptor, the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines, and was actually used before Duffy was shown to bind chemokines (2). Reverse methods, which involve cloning a cDNA or gene without primary knowledge of the structure of the encoded protein, can be divided into two types: expression and homology hybridization cloning.
SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF POTENTIAL SENSITIZERS FOR NEW PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY START MECHANISMS via TWO‐STEP EXCITED ELECTRONIC STATES (1993)

Three substituted tetraazaporphyrins, octa-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine, tetra-(4-tert-butyl)phthalocyanine and tetra-(4-tert-butyl)phthalocyanatomagnesium(t4-PcMg), were spectroscopically checked in solutions and liposomes with respect to suitability as potential sensitizers of a possible new start mechanism for photodynamic therapy (PDT) from a stepwise excited higher singlet state. This PDT start mechanism was recently proposed to overcome the problem of O2 (1delta2)-caused cutaneous phototoxicity in PDT. By means of absorption and fluorescence measurements as well as nonlinear absorption investigation, transient spectroscopy and lasing experiments, compound t4-PcMg was found to have the most appropriate properties: Based on a high fluorescence quantum yield (phiF1 = 0.84) and a very low crossing to the triplet (phiISC = 0.05), two higher excited states can be effectively populated both by two stepwise absorption transitions at 674nm consecutive absorption transitions at 684 and and 710 nm. Moreover, t4-PcMg incorporates into liposomes very well with spectroscopic properties similar to those in solution.
Human Cytomegalovirus Replicates in Primary Human Bone Marrow Cells (1986)

As an attempt to elucidate further the pathogenesis of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection the replication of HCMV in primary human bone marrow cells (BMC) has been investigated. It was found that BMC held in culture in general were susceptible to HCMV infection. Compared to human embryonic lung cells, however, the replicative cycle of HCMV AD169 in BMC as determined by the analysis of viral protein and DNA synthesis was delayed and productive virus infection was restricted to a subset of BMC not exceeding 21% of the total cell population. Both of these phenomena may explain the short-term persistence of HCMV in BMC cultures which was observed over 3 months. By experiments with specifically enriched and depleted cell populations and by indirect double immunofluorescence experiments we found that both bone marrow fibroblasts and a subset of bone marrow stem cells supported productive virus infection. The finding that HCMV replicates in early stem cells of the human bone marrow may explain important aspects of the pathogenesis of HCMV infection including the presence of HCMV in peripheral blood leukocytes.
Remaining Delivery Time Estimation Based Routing for Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks (2008)

We propose Remaining Delivery Time Estimation based Routing (RDTER), a single-copy routing protocol for intermittently connected mobile networks. Nodes predict the Remaining Delivery Time (RDT) to each destination based on the distance estimations obtained from the recent two consecutive contact records. The distance estimation is set to be proportional to the inter-node encounter age, which is updated with transitivity upon each contact. Packet is forwarded to the encountered node whose RDT estimation to the destination is smaller. RDTER provides better forwarding direction, because a smaller RDT estimation means a node is more likely to meet the destination sooner. Thus the routing performance, especially the average delay could be improved. Simulations show that RDTER performs well under the random waypoint mobility model.
A recent overview on in vitro and in vivo immunological activities of methisoprinol. (1982)

Methisoprinol (Isoprinosine), a purine derivative, has been shown to exert a number of immunopharmacological effects, both in vitro and in vivo, in animal and human studies. The agent, somehow mimicking the effects of thymic factors, induces the appearance of phenotypic markers of differentiation on immature precursor T cells; enhances the proliferative response of murine and human lymphocytes to mitogens or antigens, augments helper or suppressor T cell functions and increases the production of lymphotoxin a lymphokine. It has also been shown that this drug can potentiate the effects of macrophage activating factor to stimulate macrophage, and of interferon to protect mice against experimental viral and tumor challenges. In humans, beneficial results have been reported from clinical trials testing the effects of methisoprinol in a variety of diseases including subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), acute viral encephalitis, recurrent mucocutaneous infections due to type I and II Herpes viruses as well as in immune restoration of cancer patients with immunodepression following radiotherapy. The drug is also being studied in immunopathological disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus. Sjogren's disease and type A hepatitis. The large spectrum of effects of methisoprinol on a number of immune parameters, the increasing evidence of its therapeutic value in several pathological conditions and its safety of use qualifies this drug as an interesting immunoregulating agent.
Myosin light chain 3F regulatory sequences confer regionalized cardiac and skeletal muscle expression in transgenic mice. (1995)

The myosin light chain IF/3F locus contains two independent promoters, MLC1F and MLC3F, which are differentially activated during skeletal muscle development. Transcription at this locus is regulated by a 3' skeletal muscle enhancer element, which directs correct temporal and tissue-specific expression from the MLC1F promoter in transgenic mice. To investigate the role of this enhancer in regulation of the MLC3F promoter in vivo, we have analyzed reporter gene expression in transgenic mice containing lacZ under transcriptional control of the mouse MLC3F promoter and 3' enhancer element. Our results show that these regulatory elements direct strong expression of lacZ in skeletal muscle; the transgene, however, is activated 4-5 d before the endogenous MLC3F promoter, at the time of initiation of MLC1F transcription. In adult mice, transgene activity is downregulated in muscles that have reduced contributions of type IIB fibers (soleus and diaphragm). The rostrocaudal positional gradient of transgene expression documented for MLC1F transgenic mice (Donoghue, M., J. P. Merlie, N. Rosenthal, and J. R. Sanes. 1991. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:5847-5851) is not seen in MLC3F transgenic mice. Although MLC3F was previously thought to be restricted to skeletal striated muscle, the MLC3F-lacZ transgene is expressed in cardiac muscle from 7.5 d of development in a spatially restricted manner in the atria and left ventricular compartments, suggesting that transcriptional differences exist between cardiomyocytes in left and right compartments of the heart. We show here that transgene-directed expression of the MLC3F promoter reflects low level expression of endogenous MLC3F transcripts in the mouse heart.
Rapid pacing to facilitate transcatheter prosthetic heart valve implantation (2006)

Rapid pacing is a relatively reliable technique to facilitate precise transcatheter deployment of prosthetic heart valves and other endovascular therapeutic devices.
Stress Responses in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) (1990)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cell suspension cultures accumulated high concentrations of the pterocarpan phytoalexin medicarpin, reaching a maximum within 24 hours after exposure to an elicitor preparation from cell walls of the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. This was preceded by increases in the extractable activities of the isoflavonoid biosynthetic enzymes l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate coenzyme A-ligase, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, and isoflavone O-methyltransferase. Pectic polysaccharides were weak elicitors of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity but did not induce medicarpin accumulation, whereas reduced glutathione was totally inactive as an elicitor in this system. The fungal cell wall extract was a weak elicitor of the lignin biosynthetic enzymes, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase and coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase, but did not induce appreciable increases in the activities of the hydrolytic enzymes chitinase and 1,3-beta-d-glucanase. The results are discussed in relation to the activation of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in other legumes and the development of the alfalfa cell culture system as a model for studying the enzymology and molecular biology of plant defense expression.
[The primary structure of human free secretory component and the arrangement of disulfide bonds]. (1984)

The amino-acid sequence and the arrangement of the disulfide bonds of the human free secretory component were completely elucidated by the methods of protein chemistry. The free secretory component is a monomeric glycoprotein (Mr approximately 86000), consisting of 558 amino acids with 7 carbohydrate chains bound to asparagine. The protein contains 20 cysteine residues but, as a special feature, no methionine. The polypeptide chain is divided into five regions of internal homology, 104 to 114 amino acids in length. The 20 cysteine residues form 10 disulfide bonds, 9 of which confirm the internal homology by their characteristic arrangement. The free secretory component also shows homology to immunoglobulins in some sections. A computer-supported tertiary structure is proposed for the free secretory component.
An Evaluation of the Performance and Emissions of a CFR Engine Equipped with a Prechamber (1973)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An experimental study of a naturally aspirated, spark-ignited prechamber mounted in a CFR engine demonstrated that this system provides a marked improvement in lean-mixture combustion both before and after engine warm-up. In the system tested, a premixed fuel-air mixture containing five times the stoichiometric amount of fuel was supplied to the prechamber at a rate of 2% of the main chamber mixture flow. The fuel-rich flame issuing from the prechamber provided an ignition source capable of igniting main chamber mixtures much leaner than those normally ignitable by a standard spark plug.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;There are many advantages and disadvantages when comparing the standard CFR engine with the prechamber CFR engine. This paper goes on to explain the prechamber engine in detail and to compare it with the standard engine.&lt;/div&gt;
Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Spectroscopic Studies of the Amino Groups of Insulin (1977)

The amino groups of insulin have been studied by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in insulin, zinc-free insulin and methylated insulin. By difference spectroscopy it is possible to follow the shift with pH of the ɛ-CH2 and δ-CH2 proton resonances of lysine-B29 in insulin. In methylated insulin the dimethyl proton resonances of glycine-A1, phenylalanine-B1 and lysine-B29 can be followed as a function of pH. In native insulin pKapp values of 6.7 and 8.0 are obtained for phenylalanine-B1 and glycine-A1 (the assignment is tentative) and 11.2 for lysine-B29. Separate resonances have been observed from the lysine-B29 Nɛ-(CH3)2 group for the monomeric and dimeric forms of methylated insulin, which indicates a small change in the environment of lysine-B29 on dimerisation. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectral characteristics of these groups are, in general, consistent with the overall structure of the crystal form of the 2-zinc insulin hexamer.
Single-walled carbon nanotube weak links: from Fabry-Pérot to Kondo regime (2008)

We have investigated proximity-induced supercurrents in single-walled carbon nanotubes in the Kondo regime and compared them with supercurrents obtained on the same tube with Fabry-Pérot resonances. Our data display a wide distribution of Kondo temperatures \emph{$T_K$} = 1 - 14 K, and the measured critical current $I_{CM}$ vs. \emph{$T_K$} displays two distinct branches; these branches, distinguished by zero-bias splitting of the normal-state Kondo conductance peak, differ by an order of magnitude at large values of $T_K$. Evidence for renormalization of Andreev levels in Kondo regime is also found.