gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of somatic cell reprogramming through inducible mir-302 expression (2010)

Global demethylation is required for early zygote development to establish stem cell pluripotency, yet our findings reiterate this epigenetic reprogramming event in somatic cells through ectopic introduction of mir-302 function. Here, we report that induced mir-302 expression beyond 1.3-fold of the concentration in human embryonic stem (hES) H1 and H9 cells led to reprogramming of human hair follicle cells (hHFCs) to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. This reprogramming mechanism functioned through mir-302-targeted co-suppression of four epigenetic regulators, AOF2 (also known as KDM1 or LSD1), AOF1, MECP1-p66 and MECP2. Silencing AOF2 also caused DNMT1 deficiency and further enhanced global demethylation during somatic cell reprogramming (SCR) of hHFCs. Re-supplementing AOF2 in iPS cells disrupted such global demethylation and induced cell differentiation. Given that both hES and iPS cells highly express mir-302, our findings suggest a novel link between zygotic reprogramming and SCR, providing a regulatory mechanism responsible for global demethylation in both events. As the mechanism of conventional iPS cell induction methods remains largely unknown, understanding this microRNA (miRNA)-mediated SCR mechanism may shed light on the improvements of iPS cell generation.
Structural investigation of thin films of diamondlike carbon (1981)

Diamondlike carbon films produced both by ion-beam technique and by radio-frequency (rf) plasma decomposition of hydrocarbon gases (C4H10, C2H6, C3H8, and CH4) have been examined using the technique of transmission electron microscopy. Although these examinations indicate that these films are predominantly amorphous, both single-crystal and polycrystalline diffraction patterns have been obtained from films of both types that indicate formation of several different phases. Some of these phases appear to be cubic and could be new forms of carbon. The results of secondary ion mass spectrometric analysis of carbon films produced by rf plasma decomposition of hydrocarbon gases are also discussed.
<title>High-data-rate error correcting coding</title> (1994)

Applications such as high resolution image transmission and the aggregation of multiple bit streams have increased the interest in very high speed (Gbit/s) data communications for space applications. The ability to perform error correction on a data link can yield significant improvements in channel efficiency and can mitigate the effects of various bit error rate (BER) impairments afflicting many communications systems. A codec integrated circuit (IC) has been constructed which is capable of supporting up to 2 Gbit/s of data throughput. The device has been demonstrated in two optical communications systems, a 1 Gbit/s binary optically preamplified OOK system at 1.5 µm and an 800 Mbit/s FSK MOPA system at 0.98 µm. At a BER of 10<SUP>-9</SUP>, this coding provided a 3.7 dB sensitivity improvement for the OOK system, and a 6.2 dB improvement with the FSK system. The measured sensitivity of the coded OOK system was 37 photons/bit, which is better than could be realized with an ideal uncoded system. The viability of applying error correcting coding to higher data rate systems is discussed and a method of utilizing these ICs to provide four Gbit/s operation is shown.
Identification of a Receptor-Binding Domain of the Spike Glycoprotein of Human Coronavirus HCoV-229E (2003)

Human coronavirus HCoV-229E uses human aminopeptidase N (hAPN) as its receptor (C. L. Yeager et al., Nature 357:420-422, 1992). To identify the receptor-binding domain of the viral spike glycoprotein (S), we expressed soluble truncated histidine-tagged S glycoproteins by using baculovirus expression vectors. Truncated S proteins purified by nickel affinity chromatography were shown to be glycosylated and to react with polyclonal anti-HCoV-229E antibodies and monoclonal antibodies to the viral S protein. A truncated protein (S(547)) that contains the N-terminal 547 amino acids bound to 3T3 mouse cells that express hAPN but not to mouse 3T3 cells transfected with empty vector. Binding of S(547) to hAPN was blocked by an anti-hAPN monoclonal antibody that inhibits binding of virus to hAPN and blocks virus infection of human cells and was also blocked by polyclonal anti-HCoV-229E antibody. S proteins that contain the N-terminal 268 or 417 amino acids did not bind to hAPN-3T3 cells. Antibody to the region from amino acid 417 to the C terminus of S blocked binding of S(547) to hAPN-3T3 cells. Thus, the data suggest that the domain of the spike protein between amino acids 417 and 547 is required for the binding of HCoV-229E to its hAPN receptor.
JAK2, a third member of the JAK family of protein tyrosine kinases. (1992)

We have isolated cDNA clones encoding a third, widely expressed, member of the JAK family of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). The anticipated amino acid sequence of JAK2 predicts the presence of two kinase-related domains, a feature characteristic of this family of PTKs. The structural similarity of JAK2 to the other members of this family extends towards their N-termini, beyond the two kinase-related domains, and reveals five further domains of substantial amino acid similarity. The C-terminal portion of one of these domains, the JH4 domain, bears an intriguing, albeit tenuous, similarity to the core element of the SH2 domain, whereas the remaining JAK homology domains do not appear to be a feature of other known proteins.
Total Synthesis of the Hydroxyketone Kurasoin A Using Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Alkylation (2006)

The total synthesis of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor kurasoin A has been achieved using a novel asymmetric phase-transfer-catalyzed glycolate alkylation reaction. 2,5-Dimethoxyacetophenone 7 with cinchonidinium catalyst 9(10 mol %) and hydroxide base with pivaloyl benzyl bromide 8 provided S-alkylation product 10 in high yield (80-99%) and excellent enantioselectivity. Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, Weinreb amide formation, and benzyl Grignard addition to the TES-ether 17 gave the protected target. Lithium hydroxide and peroxide generated kurasoin A ([alpha](D) +8.4 degrees ) without isomerization.
Native deep level defects in ZnO single crystal grown by CVT method - art. no. 68410I (2008)

Hall effect, photoluminescence (PL), infrared absorption, deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), and Raman scattering have been used to study property and defects of ZnO single crystal grown by a chemical vapor transport method (CVT). As-grown ZnO is N type with free electron density Of 10(16)-10(17)cm(-3). It has a slight increase after 900 degrees C annealing in oxygen ambient. The DLTS measurement revealed four deep level defects with energy at 0.30eV, 0.50eV, 0.68eV and 0.90eV in the as-grown ZnO sample, respectively. After the high temperature annealing, only the 0.5eV defect survive and has a concentration increase. PL results of the as-grown and annealed ZnO indicate that the well-known green emission disappear after the annealing. The result suggests a correlation between the 0.68eV defect and the green PL peak. Results of P-doped ZnO were also compared with the undoped ZnO sample. The nature of the defects and their influence on the material property have been discussed.
Equilibrium Precipitation and Dissolution of Iron Cyanide Solids in Water (1999)

Iron cyanide solids are complex coordination compounds that are produced and used in various commercial products and processes as well as clinical products. These solids are also present in spent potlining wastes associated with aluminum production sites and in areas of former manufactured gas plant (MGP) facilities as a result of disposal of cyanide-bearing materials in soils containing iron. In such cases, the concentration of cyanide in groundwater is governed by dissolution of the iron cyanide solids under various environmental conditions. Understanding of the precipitation and dissolution chemistry of iron cyanide solids is still in a nascent state, however. In this work, the equilibrium solubility behavior of iron cyanide solids was studied as a function of pH, pE, and other solution conditions, including those conducive to coprecipitation of iron cyanide solids and hydrous ferric oxide. Equilibrium solubility products were determined for reagent-grade Prussian Blue, and for synthesized Prussian Blue and Turnbull's Blue. Prussian Blue [Fe4(Fe(CN)6)3(s)] was shown to be the stable iron cyanide solid at higher pE conditions over the aqueous pE–pH range, while Turn-bull's Blue [Fe3(Fe(CN)6)2(s)] was identified as the stable iron cyanide solid at lower pE values. X-ray diffraction studies yielded the same crystalline structure for these iron cyanide solids. The Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios and, implicitly, the chemical compositions of the solids, were determined using Mössbauer spectroscopy. When the iron cyanide solids were precipitated in the presence of excess dissolved iron, a coprecipitate with hydrous ferric oxide appeared to form. The resulting solids exhibited equilibrium solubility higher than those of the pure-phase iron cyanides. The observed solubility behavior in these cases could be described by considering the formation of a solid solution. Key words: Cyanide; iron cyanide; precipitation; dissolution; solubility; Prussian Blue; Turnbull's Blue
Purification of Zirconium by Electron Beam Floating Zone Melting (1995)

Removal of metallic and non-metallic impurities from zirconium with nominal purity of 99.8% has been investigated by the electron beam floating zone melting (EBFZM) in a high vacuum.Metallic impurities such as iron and chromium, being more volatile than zirconium, volatilized preferentially and their contents were reducible to below a few mass ppm after three zone passes at the zoning speed of 2 mm/min. Although no decrease of hafnium, with a slightly lower vapor pressure than zirconium, by volatilization was observed, the redistribution of hafnium, caused by segregation effect, has been found. Deoxidation of zirconium by evaporation of zirconium suboxide like ZrO was scarcely noticed, but it was found that the oxygen content was reduced to below one-half of the initial content in near the final end of the zone melted portion, due to the segregation effect. Segregation of carbon towards the final end was also found, although decarburization by the CO gas evolution was not observed. The effective distribution coefficients for oxygen and carbon at the zoning speed of 2 mm/min were estimated to be 1.5∼2 and 0.7∼0.8, respectively.
Head injury and the risk of AD in the MIRAGE study (2000)

Head injury is a risk factor for AD. The magnitude of the risk is proportional to severity and heightened among first-degree relatives of AD patients. The influence of head injury on the risk of AD appears to be greater among persons lacking APOE-epsilon4 compared with those having one or two epsilon4 alleles, suggesting that these risk factors may have a common biologic underpinning.
High cell density culture of metabolically engineered Escherichia coli for the production of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) in a defined medium (1998)

A recombinant Escherichia coli strain XL1-Blue harboring a stable high-copy-number plasmid pSYL107 containing the Alcaligenes eutrophus polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes and the Escherichia coli ftsZ gene was employed for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) by fed-batch culture in a defined medium. Suppression of filamentation by overexpressing the cell division protein FtsZ allowed production of PHB to a high concentration (77 g/L) with high productivity (2 g/L/h) in a defined medium, which was not possible with the recombinant E. coli that underwent filamentation. Further optimization of fed-batch culture condition resulted in PHB concentration of 104 g/L in a defined medium, which was the highest value reported to date by employing recombinant E. coli. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58:325–328, 1998.
Safety and immunologic response to Haemophilus influenzae type b oligosaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccine in 1- to 6-month-old infants. (1990)

A Haemophilus influenzae type b oligosaccharide-CRM197 conjugate (HbOC) vaccine was evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in 432 infants 1 to 6 months of age. In a multicenter study involving 10 sites in six states, infants were vaccinated with three 10-micrograms doses of HbOC at 2-month intervals. Side effects associated with vaccination were mild, transient, and occurred in fewer than 2% of the subjects. More than 90% of infants of all ages responded after two doses, and more than 98% had anti-H influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (HbPs) antibody levels greater than or equal to 1 microgram/mL after three doses. One month after the third vaccination, the geometric mean anti-HbPs antibody levels were 16.84, 26.23, and 29.11 in infants initially vaccinated at 1 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 6 months of age, respectively. A long-term antibody response was observed; more than 80% of these infants had anti-HbPs levels greater than or equal to 1 microgram/mL at 2 years of age. The HbOC generated an immune response characteristic of a protein antigen; IgG anti-HbPs antibodies of IgG1 subclass predominated and the response could be boosted. The immune sera killed H influenzae type b when evaluated in an in vitro bactericidal assay. The data indicate that HbOC safely primed and boosted the immune system of young infants, providing long-lasting protective levels of anti-HbPs antibodies.
Hot off the press (1998)

R. A. Hill and A. R. Pitt, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1998, 15, 4-iii DOI: 10.1039/A804HOPY
Homogeneous tetracycline-regulatable gene expression in mammalian fibroblasts (2000)

The expression of transfected genes in mammalian cells is rapidly repressed by epigenetic mechanisms such that, within a matter of weeks, only a fraction of the cells in most clonal populations still exhibit detectable expression. This problem can become prohibitive when one wants to express two ectopically introduced genes, as is necessary to establish cell lines that harbor genes regulated by the tetracycline-controlled transactivators. We describe an approach to establish Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines that stably induce a tet-responsive reporter gene in all cells of a transfected clonal population. Screening of more than 100 colonies resulting from a standard co-transfection of the tetracycline transactivator (tTA) with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter plasmid failed to identify a single colony that could induce GFP in more than 20% of cells. The presence of chromatin insulator sequences, previously shown to protect some transfected genes from epigenetic silencing, moderately improved stability but was not sufficient to produce homogeneous transformants. However, when cell lines were first established in which selection could be maintained either for the expression of tTA activity (co-transfection with a tTA-responsive selectable marker) or the presence of tTA mRNA (bicistronic message encoding a selectable marker), these cell lines could be subsequently transfected with the GFP reporter construct, and nearly 10% of the resulting colonies exhibited stable homogeneous tet-responsive GFP expression in 100% of the expanded clonal cell population.
Improved polyhydroxybutyrate production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the use of the phosphoketolase pathway (2013)

The metabolic pathways of the central carbon metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are well studied and consequently S. cerevisiae has been widely evaluated as a cell factory for many industrial biological products. In this study, we investigated the effect of engineering the supply of precursor, acetyl-CoA, and cofactor, NADPH, on the biosynthesis of the bacterial biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), in S. cerevisiae. Supply of acetyl-CoA was engineered by over-expression of genes from the ethanol degradation pathway or by heterologous expression of the phophoketolase pathway from Aspergillus nidulans. Both strategies improved the production of PHB. Integration of gapN encoding NADP(+) -dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus mutans into the genome enabled an increased supply of NADPH resulting in a decrease in glycerol production and increased production of PHB. The strategy that resulted in the highest PHB production after 100 h was with a strain harboring the phosphoketolase pathway to supply acetyl-CoA without the need of increased NADPH production by gapN integration. The results from this study imply that during the exponential growth on glucose, the biosynthesis of PHB in S. cerevisiae is likely to be limited by the supply of NADPH whereas supply of acetyl-CoA as precursor plays a more important role in the improvement of PHB production during growth on ethanol.
Diastolic Heart Failure — A Common and Lethal Condition by Any Name (2006)

This issue of the Journal contains two provocative contributions to the literature on heart failure. Owan et al.1 describe the epidemiologic outcomes and survival rates among patients with heart failure who were admitted to the Mayo Clinic Hospitals for the disease from 1987 through 2001, extending results published in 19982; Bhatia et al.3 review the shorter-term outcomes among patients hospitalized for heart failure in the province of Ontario over a two-year period, beginning in April 1999. Both groups of investigators subdivided their patients according to the level of ejection fraction. They then compared the characteristics and clinical courses of . . .
Hemodynamic Characteristics of Vasopressin in Dogs with Severe Hemorrhagic Shock (2006)

The effect of vasopressin was compared with that of the established vasopressor epinephrine in experimentally induced hemorrhagic shock. After rapid crystalloid resuscitation in a ratio of three volumes of 0.9% saline to one volume of blood (3:1 crystalloid resuscitation), six dogs were given 0.4 IU/kg vasopressin and another six dogs were given 0.1 mg/kg epinephrine. Five dogs in the control group were given fluid resuscitation in the same manner as above without administration of any drugs. Administration of vasopressin increased diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) from 45.0 +/- 4.9 to 91.2 +/- 9.6 mmHg within 5 min, compared with epinephrine from 46 +/- 4.0 to 51.8 +/- 7.7, and control from 47.3 +/- 7.5 to 46.3 +/- 7.3. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) did not increase significantly following vasopressin compared with epinephrine and control group. Results of DAP and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) suggested that vasopressin administration was vasoconstrictive after fluid resuscitation in decompensatory hemorrhagic shock in dogs, whereas epinephrine did not compared with control. In addition, epinephrine did not affect the cardiac index (CI) and SVRI, while a significant decrease in CI and increase in SVRI were observed in vasopressin group. The pressor effect of epinephrine in the vascular system was abrupt and only lasted a short period of time (within 5 min), while that of vasopressin was steady and lasted for more than 1 hr, especially regard to in DAP. When compared with epinephrine, vasopressin can be a more effective and safer choice in patients with severe hemorrhagic shock.
Olefin Metathesis at the Dawn of Implementation in Pharmaceutical and Specialty‐Chemicals Manufacturing (2016)

The recent uptake of molecular metathesis catalysts in specialty-chemicals and pharmaceutical manufacturing is reviewed.
The derivation of diagnostic markers of chronic myeloid leukemia progression from microarray data (2009)

Currently, limited molecular markers exist that can determine where in the spectrum of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progression an individual patient falls at diagnosis. Gene expression profiles can predict disease and prognosis, but most widely used microarray analytical methods yield lengthy gene candidate lists that are difficult to apply clinically. Consequently, we applied a probabilistic method called Bayesian model averaging (BMA) to a large CML microarray dataset. BMA, a supervised method, considers multiple genes simultaneously and identifies small gene sets. BMA identified 6 genes (NOB1, DDX47, IGSF2, LTB4R, SCARB1, and SLC25A3) that discriminated chronic phase (CP) from blast crisis (BC) CML. In CML, phase labels divide disease progression into discrete states. BMA, however, produces posterior probabilities between 0 and 1 and predicts patients in "intermediate" stages. In validation studies of 88 patients, the 6-gene signature discriminated early CP from late CP, accelerated phase, and BC. This distinction between early and late CP is not possible with current classifications, which are based on known duration of disease. BMA is a powerful tool for developing diagnostic tests from microarray data. Because therapeutic outcomes are so closely tied to disease phase, these probabilities can be used to determine a risk-based treatment strategy at diagnosis.
Dependence of CO oxidation on Pt nanoparticle shape: a shape‐selective approach to the synthesis of PEMFC catalysts (2007)

Abstract In real catalyst systems, it is difficult to establish a correlation between catalytic properties and the shape (crystal planes, corners and steps) of the active catalytic particles. In this paper we present a clear shape dependence of the catalytic properties of a Vulcan‐supported fuel cell catalyst having 4 nm cubo‐octahedral platinum(0) nanocrystallites with (111) and (100) surfaces stabilized by sodium polyacrylate. The electrode materials were characterized by CO‐stripping cyclic voltammetry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), showing that no agglomeration had occurred among the nanoparticles on the catalyst surfaces. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and biological activity of some aminoacyl and peptidyl derivatives of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyuridine (1975)

Several aminoacyl and peptidyl derivatives of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyuridine have been synthesized. 2'-Amino-2'-deoxyuridine (I) and 2'-N-glycyl-2'-amino-2'-deoxyuridine (IIIa) were condensed with N-Cbz blocked p-nitrophenyl esters of the appropriate amino acids to afford the protected aminoacyl and peptidyl nucleosides. Removal of the protecting groups gave the title compounds in good yields. The biological effects of these derivatives are discussed.
The emerging role of lysine methyltransferase SETD8 in human diseases (2016)

SETD8/SET8/Pr-SET7/KMT5A is the only known lysine methyltransferase (KMT) that monomethylates lysine 20 of histone H4 (H4K20) in vivo. Lysine residues of non-histone proteins including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 are also monomethylated. As a consequence, the methyltransferase activity of the enzyme is implicated in many essential cellular processes including DNA replication, DNA damage response, transcription modulation, and cell cycle regulation. This review aims to provide an overview of the roles of SETD8 in physiological and pathological pathways and to discuss the progress made to date in inhibiting the activity of SETD8 by small molecules, with an emphasis on their discovery, selectivity over other methyltransferases and cellular activity.
Training Children's Social Skills (2002)

This section focuses on how parents can teach children to use 'STOP THINK DO' themselves, to solve problems with friends and siblings. It also provides an insight into how this method can help parents teach their children good social skills, and good social relationships.