gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Head‐to‐Tail Peptide Cyclodimerization by Copper‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition (2005)

Rings forged with copper: Oligopeptide cyclodimerization occurs selectively when precursors containing azide and alkyne groups are exposed to copper(I) ions on polystyrene supports (see picture; Prot=protecting group). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z461656_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Effect of Chain Transfer Agent Level on Adhesive Performance and Peel Master‐Curves for Acrylic Pressure Sensitive Adhesives (2004)

Abstract Summary: Three series of pressure sensitive adhesives were prepared with fixed glass transition temperature, using emulsion polymerisation. Monomers chosen were butyl acrylate, 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate, along with a small amount of acrylic acid. The proportion of acrylic acid monomer was held constant for each polymer preparation while acrylate ester monomer levels were varied. The chain transfer agent level used was varied for each series of polymerisations. Adhesion performance was assessed by measurement of loop tack, static shear resistance, and through construction of peel master‐curves. Peel master‐curves were generated through peel tests conducted over a range of temperatures and peel rates and through application of the Boltzmann superposition principle. The presence of high levels of polymer gel was found to obscure the influence of monomer composition on adhesion performance. For polymers with low levels of gel, adhesion performance was correlated with changes in viscosity as comonomer composition was varied. In cohesive failure regions of peel master‐curves for polymers with high levels of chain transfer agent, the shift factors a T were found to closely fit the Williams‐Landel‐Ferry (WLF) equation and allowed the calculation of the WLF parameters, C 1 and C 2 . The cohesive failure regions were successfully shifted to provide a “super” master‐curve and the values of a C used to generate the “super” master‐curve were applied to accurately predict relative static shear resistance levels. For low gel content polymers, loop tack was correlated with log( a C ) as EHA levels were increased. Peel master‐curve for formulation AA4M91‐3. magnified image Peel master‐curve for formulation AA4M91‐3.
Room-temperature nanoimprinting on metallo-organic complexes (2004)

We apply room-temperature nanoimprint lithography to rare-earth metallo-organic complexes, for patterning 600 nm period gratings onto europium-based 612 nm light-emitting compounds. After patterning, an increase of up to 6.2 times of the integrated photoluminescence emitted around Θ=35° was observed, resulting from the combination of the effective Bragg scattering induced by the printed grating, with the very narrow-linewidth emission of the metallo-organic complexes. These results are quite promising for the realization of nanoimprinted rare-earth-based optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes and displays, and distributed feedback elements.
Determination of Total Dietary Fiber in Foods and Food Products: Collaborative Study (1985)

A collaborative study was conducted to determine the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) content of foods and food products by using a combination of enzymatic and gravimetric procedures. The method was basically the same as that employed for determining total dietary fiber (TDF), 985.29, and the method for insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), 991.42. Ten laboratories were each sent 13 test samples (6 blind duplicates and 1 standard [green beans] containing 29-33% TDF, 19-23% IDF, and 8-13% SDF) and were instructed to assay for IDF, SDF, and TDF independently. Included in the package were the 3 enzymes, namely alpha-amylase, amyloglucosidase, and protease, and the filter aid Celite, which was thought to be the major cause of high reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) values for SDS obtained in a previous collaborative study. The foods to be analyzed were apricots, carrots, chickpeas, onions, raisins, and the sugar beet fiber Fibrex. IDF, TDF, and SDF were calculated as the weight of residue minus the weight of protein and ash on a dry weight basis. RSDR values of the IDF results averaged 8.02%, with only 1 food having an RSDR > 10%. The RSDR values for the TDF results averaged 4.97%, and all foods had an RSDR < 7%. Although the RSDR values for SDF averaged 14.17%, 4 of the 6 foods had an RSDR < 10%, and 1 of the 2 remaining foods that had a high RSDR had an SDF content of only 1.2%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Models of light reflection for computer synthesized pictures (1977)

In the production of computer generated pictures of three dimensional objects, one stage of the calculation is the determination of the intensity of a given object once its visibility has been established. This is typically done by modelling the surface as a perfect diffuser, sometimes with a specular component added for the simulation of hilights. This paper presents a more accurate function for the generation of hilights which is based on some experimental measurements of how light reflects from real surfaces. It differs from previous models in that the intensity of the hilight changes with the direction of the light source. Also the position and shape of the hilights is somewhat different from that generated by simpler models. Finally, the hilight function generates different results when simulating metallic vs. nonmetallic surfaces. Many of the effects so generated are somewhat subtle and are apparent only during movie sequences. Some representative still frames from such movies are included.
Automated Video Exposure Assessment of Repetitive Hand Activity Level for a Load Transfer Task (2012)

The video assessment method for repetitive motion is promising for automatic, unobtrusive, and objective exposure assessment, which may offer broad availability with the use of a camera-enabled mobile device for helping evaluate, prevent, and control exposure to repetitive motions related to upper-extremity injuries in the workplace.
Expression of protectin (CD59) in human melanoma and its functional role in cell‐ and complement‐mediated cytotoxicity (1995)

Immunohistochemical and/or indirect immunofluorescence analysis with monoclonal antibody (MAb) H19 demonstrated the expression of protectin (CD59) in 54 surgically removed metastatic melanoma lesions and on 8 out of 12 melanoma cell lines. CD59 expression had a low degree of intra- and intertumor heterogeneity. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of CD59 expressed on melanoma cells is about 20 kDa. Treatment of melanoma cells with 5U/ml of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C completely abolished cell-surface expression of CD59. Interferon-gamma and/or tumor necrosis factor-alpha or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate neither modulated the expression of CD59 by melanoma cells nor influenced the amounts of CD59-specific mRNA. F(ab')2 fragments of anti-CD59 MAb YTH53. I did not inhibit the lysis of melanoma cells by allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells or lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. In contrast, the whole Ig molecule of MAb HI9 or YTH53.I significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced NK-cell-mediated lysis of melanoma cells, suggesting the induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Lastly, masking of CD59 by MAb YTH53.I or its F(ab')2 fragments significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced, in a dose-dependent fashion, the lysis of anti-GD3-sensitized melanoma cells by homologous complement. These data demonstrate that CD59 expressed by human melanoma cells might regulate host-tumor interaction by protecting neoplastic cells from complement-mediated lysis.
Perceptual Uniformity for High Dynamic Range Television Systems (2015)

High dynamic range (HDR) television promises a qualitatively better viewing experience, but to fully realise its potential, and to achieve consistent high quality images, the psychovisual aspects of human vision must be taken into account. — The paper reviews the non-linearities inherent in conventional SDR television and discusses how these are required to accommodate psychovisual effects. The thresholds at which changes in brightness can be detected, embodied in Weber's and De Vries-Rose's laws, are discussed in the context of the need to minimise “banding” artefacts due to quantisation. This effect also provides a simple psychovisual definition for the dynamic range of video. — The second important psychovisual effect considered is that of surround brightness on the perception of emissive images in dim or dark surroundings. This effect is accommodated by implementing an overall system non-linearity, the rendering intent, which is typically a gamma (power law) function. The appropriate gamma exponent is considered in special cases and interpolated to provide a general formula. — Based on these psychovisual effects, an HDR television system is proposed that supports the highest quality HDR images with a simultaneous dynamic range substantially beyond the limits of the human visual system in a single adaptaion state. It is defined by a single optical-electric transfer function (OETF), with a variable display electro-optic transfer function (EOTF) to accommodate the eye's adaptation. It is also compatible with existing, SDR, displays and infrastructure and requires no metadata.
Sequences of the malE gene and of its product, the maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli K12. (1984)

The sequences of the malE gene and of its mature product, the maltose-binding protein, have been determined and are in good agreement. The malE gene encodes the pre-protein (396 amino acid residues) which yields, upon cleavage of the NH2-terminal extension (26 amino acid residues), the mature maltose-binding protein (370 amino acid residues). The malE mRNA could form stable stem and loop structures, some of which may account for translational pauses observed by Randall et al. (Randall, L., Josefsson, L. G. & Hardy, S. J. S. (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 107, 375-379). The sequence change due to an in-frame nonpolar deletion of 765 nucleotides in malE is also presented as well as homologies between the maltose-binding protein and other sugar-binding proteins.
Expression of the plasmodial pfmdr1 gene in mammalian cells is associated with increased susceptibility to chloroquine. (1994)

Chloroquine (CQ)-resistant (CQR) Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites show a strong decrease in CQ accumulation in comparison with chloroquine-sensitive parasites. Controversy exists over the role of the plasmodial pfmdr1 gene in the CQR phenotype. pfmdr1 is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters. Other members of this family are the mammalian multidrug resistance genes and the CFTR gene. We have expressed the pfmdr1-encoded protein, Pgh1, in CHO cells and Xenopus oocytes. CHO cells expressing the Pgh1 protein demonstrated an increased, verapamil-insensitive susceptibility to CQ. Conversely, no increase in drug susceptibility to primaquine, quinine, adriamycin, or colchicine was observed in Pgh1-expressing cells. CQ uptake experiments revealed an increased, ATP-dependent accumulation of CQ in Pgh1-expressing cells over the level in nonexpressing control cells. The increased CQ accumulation in Pgh1-expressing cells coincided with an enhanced in vivo inhibition of lysosomal alpha-galactosidase by CQ. CHO cells expressing Pgh1 carrying two of the CQR-associated Pgh1 amino acid changes (S1034C and N1042D) did not display an increased CQ sensitivity. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed an intracellular localization of both mutant and wild-type forms of Pgh1. We conclude from our results that wild-type Pgh1 protein can mediate an increased intracellular accumulation of CQ and that this function is impaired in CQR-associated mutant forms of the protein. We speculate that the Pgh1 protein plays an important role in CQ import in CQ-sensitive malaria parasites.
Decal Transfer Microlithography:  A New Soft-Lithographic Patterning Method (2002)

A new soft-lithographic method for micropatterning polymeric resists, Decal Transfer Microlithography (DTM), is described. This technique is based on the transfer of elastomeric decal patterns via the engineered adhesion and release properties of a compliant poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) patterning tool. An important feature of the DTM method is the exceptionally broad spectrum of design rules that it embraces. This procedure is capable of transferring micron to submicron-sized features with high fidelity over large substrate areas and potentially simplifies to a significant degree the requirements for effecting multiple levels of registration. The DTM method offers some potential advantages over other soft-lithographic patterning methods in that it is amenable to transferring resist patterns with both open and closed forms, negative and positive image contrasts, and does so for a wide variety of aspect ratios and a significant range of pattern pitches that can be accommodated without degradation due to mechanical distortions of the pattern transfer tool. The most significant advance embodied in the DTM method, however, is that it offers useful new capabilities for the design and fabrication of advanced planar and 3D microfluidic assemblies and microreactors.
Test methodology for the McKinley processor (2002)

The McKinley processor is the result of a joint design effort between Intel and Hewlett-Packard engineers, and is the second processor implementation of the Itanium/sup TM/ processor family (IPF) architecture. This paper describes the methodology developed for testing a complex high-performance microprocessor design. An overview of the processor is presented, along with the goals for the test methodology. Details of the test control blocks, scan methodology, and clocking are given. The scanlatch design, trade-offs and verification processes are discussed, along with some details of ATPG modeling and memory array testing. Finally, some results are presented.
Using distributed OLTP technology in a high performance storage system (2002)

Distributed on-line transaction processing (OLTP) technology can be applied to distributed mass storage systems as the mechanism for managing the consistency of distributed metadata. OLTP concepts are familiar to many industries, such as banking and financial services, but are less well known and understood in others, such as scientific and technical computing. However, as mass storage systems and other products are designed using distributed processing and data-management strategies for performance, scalability, and/or availability reasons, distributed OLTP technology can be applied to solve the inherent challenges raised by such environments. This paper briefly discusses the general benefits in using distributed transaction processing products. Design and implementation experiences using the Encina OLTP product from Transarc in the high performance storage system are presented in more detail as a case study for how this technology can be applied to mass storage systems designed for distributed environments.
Prospects for total synthesis: A vision for a totally synthetic vaccine targeting epithelial tumors (2004)

Vaccines derived from totally synthetic carbohydrate antigens have been shown to elicit an immune response in both preclinical and clinical settings. The vaccines have been proven safe when administered in human clinical trials and are also competent at inducing antibodies that react with aberrant cells expressing the corresponding carbohydrate antigen. The most well studied vaccines have hitherto focused on single carbohydrate antigens, notwithstanding the known heterogeneity of transformed cells. Advances in synthetic organic chemistry have enabled the preparation and subsequent investigation of vaccines that contain several different tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens in a single molecule. These unimolecular constructs could, in principle, serve as superior mimics of cell surface antigens and hence, as multifaceted cancer vaccines. We report here the synthesis of a pentameric vaccine targeting a specific cancer. The new vaccine contains prostate tumor-associated antigens, Tn, TF, STn, Lewis(y), and Globo-H. To reach our goal, antigen-containing amino acid monomers were assembled in a linear fashion to form a glycopeptide containing the five distinct carbohydrate antigen units. The attachment of a linker to the glycopeptide followed by an extraordinary global deprotection and subsequent conjugation to two different immunogenic carriers, keyhole limpet hemocyanin and N-alpha-palmitoyl-S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl]-L-cysteine, resulted in the vaccine constructs. The results described herein indicate that complex unimolecular multivalent vaccines can be efficiently produced in the laboratory. These fully synthetic vaccines have the potential to stimulate a multifaceted immune response against prostate cancer.
15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase is an in vivo suppressor of colon tumorigenesis (2006)

15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is a prostaglandin-degrading enzyme that is highly expressed in normal colon mucosa but is ubiquitously lost in human colon cancers. Herein, we demonstrate that 15-PGDH is active in vivo as a highly potent suppressor of colon neoplasia development and acts in the colon as a required physiologic antagonist of the prostaglandin-synthesizing activity of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) oncogene. We first show that 15-PGDH gene knockout induces a marked 7.6-fold increase in colon tumors arising in the Min (multiple intestinal neoplasia) mouse model. Furthermore, 15-PGDH gene knockout abrogates the normal resistance of C57BL/6J mice to colon tumor induction by the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM), conferring susceptibility to AOM-induced adenomas and carcinomas in situ. Susceptibility to AOM-induced tumorigenesis is mediated by a marked induction of dysplasia, proliferation, and cyclin D1 expression throughout microscopic aberrant crypt foci arising in 15-PGDH null colons and is concomitant with a doubling of prostaglandin E(2) in 15-PGDH null colonic mucosa. A parallel role for 15-PGDH loss in promoting the earliest steps of colon neoplasia in humans is supported by our finding of a universal loss of 15-PGDH expression in microscopic colon adenomas recovered from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, including adenomas as small as a single crypt. These models thus delineate the in vivo significance of 15-PGDH-mediated negative regulation of the COX-2 pathway and moreover reveal the particular importance of 15-PGDH in opposing the neoplastic progression of colonic aberrant crypt foci.
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT3) Is Constitutively Activated in Normal, Self-renewing B-1 Cells but Only Inducibly Expressed in Conventional B Lymphocytes (1997)

Cytokine and growth factor receptor engagement leads to the rapid phosphorylation and activation of latent, cytosolic signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins, which then translocate to the nucleus where they regulate transcriptional events from specific promoter sequences. STAT3 expression in particular has been associated with Abl, Src, and HTLV-1 transformation of normal cells. B-1 lymphocytes are self-renewing, CD5+ B cells that display a propensity for malignant transformation and are the normal counterpart to human chronic lymphocytic leukemias. Further, B-1 cells are characterized by aberrant intracellular signaling, including hyperresponsiveness to phorbol ester PKC agonists. Here we demonstrate that B-1 lymphocytes constitutively express nuclear activated STAT3, which is not expressed by unmanipulated conventional (B-2) lymphocytes. In contrast, STAT3 activation is induced in B-2 cells after antigen receptor engagement in a delayed fashion (after 3 h). Induction of STAT3 is inhibited by both the serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor H-7 and the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin and requires de novo protein synthesis, demonstrating novel coupling between sIg and STAT proteins that differs from the classical paradigm for STAT induction by cytokine receptors. The inability of prolonged stimulation of conventional B-2 cells with anti-Ig, a treatment sufficient to induce CD5 expression, to result in sustained STAT3 activation suggests that STAT3 is a specific nuclear marker for B-1 cells. Thus, STAT3 may play a role in B cell antigen-specific signaling responses, and its constitutive activation is associated with a normal cell population exhibiting intrinsic proliferative behavior.
Fab-PEG-Fab as a Potential Antibody Mimetic (2013)

IgG antibodies have evolved to be flexible so that they can bind to epitopes located over a wide spatial range. The two Fabs in an IgG antibody are linked together as if each Fab is at the end of a linear, flexible molecule. PEG was used as a scaffold molecule to link two Fabs together to give Fab-PEG-Fab molecules, or FpFs. Preparation of FpFs was achieved with reagents that undergo site-specific conjugation at each PEG terminus by bis-alkylation with the two cysteine thiols from a disulfide bond. This allowed each Fab to be conjugated to the PEG scaffold in essentially the same region that each Fab is linked in an IgG. Fabs were sourced directly (e.g., ranibizumab) or monoclonal IgG antibodies were proteolytically digested to obtain the Fabs. This allowed the resulting FpFs to be directly compared to parent IgGs. PEG scaffolds of 6, 10, and 20 kDa were used to make the corresponding FpFs. Dynamic light scatting data suggested the resulting FpFs were similar in size to an IgG antibody and about half the size of a 20 kDa PEGylated-Fab. The solution size of PEG-conjugated proteins is known to be dominated by the extended solution structure of PEG, so it is thought that the smaller size of the FpFs is due to interactions between the two Fabs. Anti-VEGF and anti-Her2 FpFs were prepared and evaluated. The FpFs displayed similar apparent affinities to their parent IgGs. Slower dissociation rates were observed for the anti-VEGF FpFs compared to bevacizumab. The anti-VEGF FpFs also displayed in vitro anti-angiogenic properties comparable to or better than bevacizumab. These first studies indicate that FpFs warrant further examination in a therapeutic indication where the presence of the Fc may not be required.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (2002)

Rheumatic diseases are musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders exhibiting chronicity, variability, and periods of exacerbation and remission. One of the best characterized rheumatic disorders is rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systemic autoimmune disease of the joints affecting about 1% of the adult population in a female to male ratio of approx 3:1(1). RA is characterized by symmetric and erosive joint inflammation, which results in progressive joint destruction, deformity, disability, and premature death. Clinical involvement presents as pain, swelling, stiffness, and motion impairment. Any joint can be involved, but the preferential sites are the proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand and the wrist, as well as the metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot, the knee, and the joints of the shoulder, the ankle, and the hip. Systemic involvement may result in metabolic bone disorders such as osteoporosis, Sjogren’s syndrome, and pleuro-pulmonary abnormalities. Soft tissue (subcutaneous nodules), muscles (weakness and atrophy), and blood vessels (vasculitis) may also be involved. The involvement in RA of at least four joints has resulted in the classification of RA as an “inflammatory polyarthritis” (2). In this respect, RA appears to differ from other degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), which, at least in the early stages, is generally associated with pathological changes at the large, weight-bearing joints of the lower extremities (hips and knees, i.e., four joints) and the absence of an inflammatory component.