gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of VAMP-2-like protein in kidney collecting duct intracellular vesicles. Colocalization with Aquaporin-2 water channels. (1995)

Body water balance is controlled by vasopressin, which regulates Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels in kidney collecting duct cells by vesicular trafficking between intracellular vesicles and the plasma membrane. To examine the molecular apparatus involved in vesicle trafficking and vasopressin regulation of AQP2 in collecting duct cells, we tested if targeting proteins expressed in the synaptic vesicles, namely vesicle-associated membrane proteins 1 and 2 (VAMP1 and 2), are expressed in kidney collecting duct. Immunoblotting revealed specific labeling of VAMP2 (18-kD band) but not VAMP1 in membrane fractions prepared from kidney inner medulla. Controls using preadsorbed antibody or preimmune serum were negative. Bands of identical molecular size were detected in immunoblots of brain membrane vesicles and purified synaptic vesicles. VAMP2 in kidney membranes was cleaved by tetanus toxin, revealing a tetanus toxin-sensitive VAMP homologue. Similarly, tetanus toxin cleaved VAMP2 in synaptic vesicles. In kidney inner medulla, VAMP2 was predominantly expressed in the membrane fraction enriched for intracellular vesicles, with little or no VAMP2 in the plasma membrane enriched fraction. This was confirmed by immunocytochemistry using semithin cryosections, which showed mainly vesicular labeling in collecting duct principal cells, with no labeling of intercalated cells. VAMP2 immunolabeling colocalized with AQP2 labeling in intracellular vesicles, as determined by immunoelectron microscopy after double immunolabeling of isolated vesicles. Quantitative analysis of 1,310 vesicles revealed a highly significant association of both AQP2 and VAMP2 in the same vesicles (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the presence of AQP2 in vesicles immunoisolated with anti-VAMP2 antibodies was confirmed by immunoblotting. In conclusion, VAMP2, a component of the neuronal SNARE complex, is expressed in vesicles carrying AQP2, suggesting a role in vasopressin-regulated vesicle trafficking of AQP2 water channels.
VRAP Is an Adaptor Protein That Binds KDR, a Receptor for Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor (2000)

A protein that binds the intracellular domain of KDR (KDR-IC), a receptor for vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), was identified by two-hybrid screening. Two-hybrid mapping showed that the VEGF receptor-associated protein (VRAP) interacted with tyrosine 951 in the kinase insert domain of KDR. Northern blot analysis identified multiple VRAP transcripts in peripheral leukocytes, spleen, thymus, heart, lung, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The predominant VRAP mRNA encodes a 389-amino acid protein that contains an SH2 domain and a C-terminal proline-rich motif. In HUVEC, VEGF promotes association of VRAP with KDR. Phospholipase C gamma and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, effector proteins that are downstream of KDR and important to VEGF-induced endothelial cell survival and proliferative responses, associate constitutively with VRAP. These observations identify VRAP as an adaptor that recruits cytoplasmic signaling proteins to KDR, which plays an important role in normal and pathological angiogenesis.
Human umbilical cord Wharton＇ s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into nerve-like cells (2005)

Background The two most basic properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the capacities to self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into multiple cells and tissue types. The cells from human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly have properties of MSCs and represent a rich source of primitive cells. This study was conducted to explore the possibility of inducing human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly-derived MSCs to differentiate into nerve-like cells.Methods MSCs were cultured from the Wharton's Jelly taken from human umbilical cord of babies delivered after full-term normal labor. Salvia miltiorrhiza and β-mercaptoethanol were used to induce the human umbilical cord-derived MSCs to differentiate. The expression of neural protein markers was shown by immunocytochemistry. The induction process was monitored by phase contrast microscopy, electron microscopy (EM), and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) .The pleiotrophin and nestin genes were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results MSCs in the Wharton's Jelly were easily attainable and could be maintained and expanded in culture. They were positive for markers of MSCs, but negative for markers of hematopoietic cells and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-related cells. Treatment with Salvia miltiorrhiza caused Wharton's Jelly cells to undergo profound morphological changes. The induced MSCs developed rounded cell bodies with multiple neurite-like extensions. Eventually they developed processes that formed networks reminiscent of primary cultures of neurons. Salvia miltiorrhiza and β-mercaptoethanol also induced MSCs to express nestin, β-tubulinⅢ, neurofilament (NF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). It was confirmed by RT-PCR that MSCs could express pleiotrophin both before and after induction by Salvia miltiorrhiza. The expression was markedly enhanced after induction and the nestin gene was also expressed.Conclusions MSCs could be isolated from human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly. They were capable of differen
Syntheses and antibacterial activity of novel 6-fluoro-7-(gem-disubstituted piperazin-1-yl)-quinolines (1992)

A series of quinoline and naphthyridine antibacterial agents possessing an acyclic or cyclic gem-disubstituted piperazine substituent at the C-7 position have been prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo for antibacterial activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. They are, however, not as active as quinolones or naphthyridines with a monosubstituted piperazine substituent at C-7. The chemical synthesis of these derivatives is also described.
Throttling utilities in the IBM DB2 universal database server (2004)

This paper describes a control system that provides the "utilities throttling" feature in the IBM/spl reg/ DBS /spl reg/ Universal Database/spl trade/ v8.1. Administrative utilities (e.g., file system and database backups, antivirus scan) are essential to the operation of production systems. Unfortunately, production work can be severely degraded by the concurrent execution of such utilities. Hence, it is desirable for the system to self-manage its utilities to limit their performance impact, with only high-level policy input from the administrator. We focus on policies of the form "there should be no more than an x% degradation of production work due to utility execution." We have designed a throttling mechanism called self-imposed sleep (SIS), which forces utilities to slow down their processing, by a configurable amount. We design a feedback control system based on online measurements of an internal database metric that correlates with system performance. A novel aspect of this problem is estimating the baseline, defined as the performance that the system would provide if the utility were not executing. The complete control system combines an online state estimator with a PI controller that achieves good performance and adapts to changing workloads.
Dimeric Aminoglycosides as Antibiotics (2004)

Double duty: Dimeric aminoglycoside antibiotics were designed by linking neamine or nebramine cores with various tethers differing in length and composition. The resulting dimeric aminoglycosides displayed high affinity for the 16S A site of ribosomal RNA (a representation of the complex is shown here) and were effective against various aminoglycoside-resistant bacterial strains. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53225_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Nanoscale geochemical and geomechanical characterization of organic matter in shale (2017)

Solid organic matter (OM) plays an essential role in the generation, migration, storage, and production of hydrocarbons from economically important shale rock formations. Electron microscopy images have documented spatial heterogeneity in the porosity of OM at nanoscale, and bulk spectroscopy measurements have documented large variation in the chemical composition of OM during petroleum generation. However, information regarding the heterogeneity of OM chemical composition at the nanoscale has been lacking. Here we demonstrate the first application of atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) to measure the chemical and mechanical heterogeneity of OM in shale at the nanoscale, orders of magnitude finer than achievable by traditional chemical imaging tools such as infrared microscopy. We present a combination of optical microscopy and AFM-IR imaging to characterize OM heterogeneity in an artificially matured series of New Albany Shales. The results document the evolution of individual organic macerals with maturation, providing a microscopic picture of the heterogeneous process of petroleum generation.
CONSIDERATIONS ON CHAOS (1998)

I want to applaud the wake-up call by the authors of "Chaos in Nursing: Make It Work for You" (October). I have witnessed the disappearance of thousands of nursing positions due to reengineering, restructuring, mergers, and acquisitions. At the same time, I've seen a smorgasbord of nursing opportunities emerge from the chaos of our constantly changing health care industry. The authors are to be commended for focusing attention on adaptive coping responses. As a career and life transition coach trained in clinical psychology, I wholeheartedly agree with the recommendations posed by the authors. I would only add one other: Identify what you can control, then adjust your response to those areas that are out of your control. Search for the good news in the bad news. The nursing profession serves as a model among health care professionals for sounding the wake-up call to the changes in the health care industry. Other health care professionals, including psychologists, ought to communicate the wake-up call as well. Make changes work for you! William "Marty" Martin PsyD, MPH, MA, CHES New Orleans, LA
On-line handwritten Chinese character recognition (2008)

The on-line recognition systems of handwritten Chinese characters are of great demand in many practical applications such as: pen-based computer, data input, signature verification and personal digital assistant, etc. In the past decade, though many great advances have been made in this area, due to a number of intrinsic difficulties in handwritten Chinese character (HCC) recognition, the recognition rate and the processing speed still cannot meet practical requirements.
Ultrastructural Features and Expression of Cytoskeleton Proteins of Podocyte from Patients with Minimal Change Disease and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (2008)

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) have been suggested for the category of podocytopathies. An ultrastructural observation and immunogold labeling for cytoskeleton proteins of podocytes on 11 cases each of FSGS and MCD were performed. Compared to MCD, more severe ultrastructural alterations of podocyte were identified in FSGS, which were characterized by higher frequency of mat-like condensation of microfilaments in the foot process and the detachment of the foot process from glomerular basement membrane. The labeling of alpha-actinin of podocytes in FSGS was significantly higher than MCD, which suggested an abnormal expression of cytoskeleton protein of podocyte in FSGS. The present study demonstrated a much more severe podocyte injury at the ultrastructural level in FSGS than in MCD.
No-Guard-Interval Coherent Optical OFDM for 100-Gb/s Long-Haul WDM Transmission (2009)

This paper describes coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) techniques for the long-haul transmission of 100-Gb/s-class channels. First, we discuss the configurations of the transmitter and receiver that implement the optical multiplexing/demultiplexing techniques for high-speed CO-OFDM transmission. Next, we review the no-guard-interval (No-GI) CO-OFDM transmission scheme which utilizes optical multiplexing for OFDM signal generation and the intradyne receiver configuration with digital signal processing (DSP). We examine the transmission characteristics of the proposed scheme, and show that No-GI CO-OFDM offers compact signal spectra and superior performance with regard to tolerance against optical amplifier noise and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). We then introduce long-haul high-capacity transmission experiments employing No-GI CO-OFDM; 13.4 Tb/s (134 times 111 Gb/s) transmission is successfully demonstrated over 3600 km of ITU-T G.652 single-mode fiber without using optical dispersion compensation.
Hormone therapy in postmenopausal women and risk of endometrial hyperplasia (2009)

Hormone therapy for postmenopausal women with an intact uterus should comprise both estrogen and progestogen to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia.
Boron and Aluminum Complexes of Sterically Demanding Phosphinimines and Phosphinimides (2007)

Reactions of sterically demanding phosphinimines R3PNH [R=i-Pr (1), t-Bu (2)] were examined. Reactions with B(C6F5)3 formed the adducts (R3PNH)B(C6F5)3 [R=i-Pr (3), t-Bu (4)] in high yield. On the other hand, 2 reacts with HB(OBu)2, evolving H2 to give t-Bu3PNB(OBu)2 (5). The reaction of 2 equiv of 2 with BH3.SMe2 affords the species (t-Bu3PN)2BH (6). In contrast, the reaction of n-Bu(t-Bu)2PNH with BH3.SMe2 results in the formation of the robust adduct n-Bu(t-Bu)2PNH.BH3 (8). An alternative route to borane-phosphinimide complexes involves Me3SiCl elimination, as exemplified by the reaction of BCl2Ph with n-Bu3PNSiMe3, which gives the product n-Bu3PNBCl(Ph) (9). The corresponding reactions of the parent phosphinimines 1 and 2 with AlH3.NMe2Et give the dimers [(mu-i-Pr3PN)AlH2]2 (10) and [(mu-t-Bu3PN)AlH2]2 (11). Species 11 reacts further with Me3SiO3SCF3 to provide [(mu-t-Bu3PN)AlH(OSO2CF3)]2 (12). The reaction of the lithium salt [t-Bu3PNLi]4 (13) with BCl3 proceeds smoothly to give t-Bu3PNBCl2 (14), which is readily alkylated to give t-Bu3PNBMe2 (15). Subsequent reaction of 15 with B(C6F5)3 results in methyl abstraction and the formation of [(mu-t-Bu3PN)BMe]2[MeB(C6F5)3]2 (16). The reaction of 13 in a 2:1 ratio with BCl3 gives the salt [(t-Bu3PN)2B]Cl (17). This species can be methylated to give (t-Bu3PN)2BMe (18), which undergoes subsequent reaction with [Ph3C][X] (X=[B(C6F5)4], [PF6]) to form the related salts [(t-Bu3PN)2B][B(C6F5)4] (19) and [(t-Bu3PN)2B][PF6] (20), respectively. Analogous reactions with [Ph3C][BF4] afforded [t-Bu3PNBF2]2 (21). Compounds 3, 4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 17, 19, and 21 were characterized by X-ray crystallography.
TRAF6 is an amplified oncogene bridging the RAS and NF-κB pathways in human lung cancer (2011)

Somatic mutations and copy number alterations (as a result of deletion or amplification of large portions of a chromosome) are major drivers of human lung cancers. Detailed analysis of lung cancer-associated chromosomal amplifications could identify novel oncogenes. By performing an integrative cytogenetic and gene expression analysis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines and tumors, we report here the identification of a frequently recurring amplification at chromosome 11 band p13. Within this region, only TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) exhibited concomitant mRNA overexpression and gene amplification in lung cancers. Inhibition of TRAF6 in human lung cancer cell lines suppressed NF-κB activation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumor formation. In these lung cancer cell lines, RAS required TRAF6 for its oncogenic capabilities. Furthermore, TRAF6 overexpression in NIH3T3 cells resulted in NF-κB activation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumor formation. Our findings show that TRAF6 is an oncogene that is important for RAS-mediated oncogenesis and provide a mechanistic explanation for the previously apparent importance of constitutive NF-κB activation in RAS-driven lung cancers.
Paper Microzone Plates (2009)

This paper describes 96- and 384-microzone plates fabricated in paper as alternatives to conventional multiwell plates fabricated in molded polymers. Paper-based plates are functionally related to plastic well plates, but they offer new capabilities. For example, paper-microzone plates are thin (approximately 180 microm), require small volumes of sample (5 microL per zone), and can be manufactured from inexpensive materials ($0.05 per plate). The paper-based plates are fabricated by patterning sheets of paper, using photolithography, into hydrophilic zones surrounded by hydrophobic polymeric barriers. This photolithography used an inexpensive formulation photoresist that allows rapid (approximately 15 min) prototyping of paper-based plates. These plates are compatible with conventional microplate readers for quantitative absorbance and fluorescence measurements. The limit of detection per zone loaded for fluorescence was 125 fmol for fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled bovine serum albumin, and this level corresponds to 0.02 the quantity of analyte per well used to achieve comparable signal-to-noise in a 96-well plastic plate (using a solution of 25 nM labeled protein). The limits of detection for absorbance on paper was approximately 50 pmol per zone for both Coomassie Brilliant Blue and Amaranth dyes; these values were 0.4 that required for the plastic plate. Demonstration of quantitative colorimetric correlations using a scanner or camera to image the zones and to measure the intensity of color, makes it possible to conduct assays without a microplate reader.
Selective Immunointervention in Autoimmune Diseases: Lessons from Multiple Sclerosis (2001)

Activation of peripheral T cells by foreign and self antigens is under stringent control by different mechanisms, both thymic and peripheral. Control of T cell reactivity is accomplished by three major types of mechanisms: 1) deletion, the physical elimination of T cells specific for a given antigen, 2) anergy, the functional incapacity of T cells to respond to antigen, 3) suppression, the inhibition of T cell function by a regulatory (suppressor) cell. Their failure may lead to autoimmune diseases. The progress in understanding T cell activation, inactivation and modulation is being translated into strategies able to induce selective immunosuppression to treat different pathological situations, notably autoimmune diseases, allergies, and allograft rejection. The medical need for selective immunosuppression is very high, as the available immunosuppressive drugs are substantially inadequate because of limited efficacy, modest selectivity, and considerable toxicity. Key attack points for selective immunointervention have been identified: modulation of antigen recognition, co-stimulation blockade, induction of regulatory cells, deviation to non-pathogenic or protective responses, neutralization of proinflammatory cytokines, induction or administration of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and modulation of leukocyte trafficking. All these forms of immunointervention have been successfully used to prevent and sometimes treat experimental autoimmune diseases. Based on these results, expectations have been raised for exploiting the same strategies to inhibit the activation of human autoreactive T cells. In this overview, we will examine recent advances towards immunointervention in multiple sclerosis (MS) as a paradigm for successes and failures of current immunotherapeutic approaches in human autoimmune diseases.
Derivation and spontaneous differentiation of human embryonic stem cells* (2002)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are unique cells derived from the inner cell mass of the mammalian blastocyst. These cells are immortal and pluripotent, retain their developmental potential after prolonged culture, and can be continuously cultured in an undifferentiated state. Many in vitro differentiation systems have been developed for mouse ES cells, including reproducible methods for mouse ES cell differentiation into haematopoietic and neural precursors, cardiomyocytes, insulin-secreting cells, endothelial cells and various other cell types. The derivation of new human ES cell lines provides the opportunity to develop unique models for developmental research and for cell therapies. In this review we consider the derivation and spontaneous differentiation of human ES cells.
EPOS 2012: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. A summary for otorhinolaryngologists (2012)

The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007. The document contains chapters on definitions and classification, we now also proposed definitions for difficult to treat rhinosinusitis, control of disease and better definitions for rhinosinusitis in children. More emphasis is placed on the diagnosis and treatment of acute rhinosinusitis. Throughout the document the terms chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) are used to further point out differences in pathophysiology and treatment of these two entities. There are extensive chapters on epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, (differential) diagnosis of facial pain, genetics, cystic fibrosis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, immunodeficiencies, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and the relationship between upper and lower airways. The chapters on paediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are totally rewritten. Last but not least all available evidence for management of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps in adults and children is analyzed and presented and management schemes based on the evidence are proposed. This executive summary for otorhinolaryngologists focuses on the most important changes and issues for otorhinolaryngologists. The full document can be downloaded for free on the website of this journal: http://www.rhinologyjournal.com.
Instead of an Introduction (1998)

Jan was not pleased: her ski trip started tomorrow, she had a complicated paper to write towards her Master’s degree, and it looked as if she was going to have to stay up all night to finish it. Might as well start it, though. She looked at her desk, covered with old, boring, crumbly books about Western intellectual history in the late twentieth century. The period had never attracted her: two hundred years ago, and it seemed to be horrifyingly violent, physically as well as intellectually. Obscure, too; she had tried to start on the paper several times, but had always given up when she could not keep straight the names of the faction leaders. What was the title? Oh yes, “Describe some academic controversy of the late twentieth century”. Finding an academic controversy had been easy enough; a quick search of the computer databases had turned up a squabble in Cambridge between one of the local professors and a French philosopher. Who were they? Jacques Mellor? No… ah, that was it, Jacques Derrida and Hugh Mellor. Problem number one, then: who were Derrida and Mellor? That had not taken very long to find out, although she could not seem to find a comprehensible description of what Derrida thought. Problem number two: what happened at Cambridge? Mellor and other Cambridge philosophers had tried to prevent Derrida from getting an honorary degree, she found out. Ah. A boring little academic squabble of the usual sort.
Identification of VDR-Responsive Gene Signatures in Breast Cancer Cells (2006)

Basal and regulated gene patterns can be used to predict and monitor the cellular response towards vitamin D(3) compounds and may possibly be applied as a further diagnostic tool.