gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and structures of glucagon and glucagon-like peptide from catfish pancreas. (1985)

Both glucagon and the structurally similar glucagon-like peptide proteolytically derived from preproglucagon were purified from the endocrine pancreas of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctata). This study represents the first report of the isolation of glucagon-like peptide from any source. Peptide sequences of glucagon-like peptide from other species have only been deduced from the cDNA sequences for preproglucagon. The sequence of the 34-residue glucagon-like peptide was found to be HADGTYTSDVSSYLQDQAAKDFITWLKSGQPKPE. Catfish glucagon-like peptide shares sequence identity at 26 of 31 residues with the putative glucagon-like peptide from anglerfish preproglucagon II. The mass of catfish glucagon-like peptide was found by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry to be 3785, identical with the value predicted by sequence analysis. This suggests that no post-translational modification occurs beyond proteolytic processing. The sequence of catfish glucagon was determined to be HSEGTFSNDYSKYLETRRAQDFVQWLM(N,S). Catfish glucagon exhibits a high degree of immunologic similarity with porcine glucagon by radioimmunoassay, whereas catfish glucagon-like peptide does not.
Hypothermia and Minimal Fluid Resuscitation Increase Survival after Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats (1997)

Moderate hypothermia or limited (hypotensive) fluid resuscitation --best both combined--increases survival during and after UHS in rats.
Oxygen status of lung granulomas in Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐infected mice (2006)

It is often assumed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-induced granulomatous lesions, particularly those undergoing central caseation, are anoxic, and that the survival of Mtb in these lesions requires the integrity of its non-oxidative respiratory pathways. Using the hypoxia marker pimonidazole, we now provide immunohistochemical evidence that in the most frequently used animal model system of inbred mice Mtb-induced granulomas, even after more than one year of aerogenic infection, are not severely hypoxic. In contrast, chronic aerosol infection with M. avium strain TMC724 was associated with hypoxia surrounding necrotizing granuloma centres. Direct measurements of oxygen tension with a flexible microelectrode in mouse lungs chronically infected with Mtb disclosed a wide range of oxygen partial pressures in different parts of the lungs which, however, rarely approached the anoxic conditions consistently found in necrotizing tumours. We further show that an Mtb mutant, defective in nitrate reductase (narG) necessary for survival under anaerobic conditions in vitro, can persist in the lungs of chronically infected mice to a similar extent as wild-type Mtb. These findings have important implications for the use of the mouse model of Mtb infection in developing eradication chemotherapy and for evaluating putative mechanisms of chronic persistence and latency of Mtb.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in normal and malignant prostate by electronic profiling of expressed sequence tags. (2002)

Differentially expressed genes between corresponding normal and cancertissue can advance our understanding of the molecular basis of malignancy and potentially serve as biomarkers or prognostic markers of malignancy. To identify differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer, we used a procedure combining electronic expression profiling of the prostate expressed sequence tag (EST) database and molecular biology techniques. A novel electronic expression-profiling algorithm was developed to search publicly available EST sequences for genes that show significant differential expression in prostate cancer compared with normal prostate tissue. Approximately 600 genes expressed in prostate were identified through adequate EST counts of ESTs for electronic profiling. Of these 600 genes, 9 showed statistically significant differences in their EST counts between cancer and normal prostate and were further analyzed. The predictions associated with electronic profiling were experimentally verified for two genes, cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP-3) and deadenylating nuclease (DAN), using real-time reverse transcription-PCR with total RNA extracted from cells isolated by laser capture microdissection. In five of five Gleason score 6 cancer cases, CRISP-3 expression was increased >50 fold, whereas the expression of DAN was reduced by >80%.
Managing level of detail through head-tracked peripheral degradation (1997)

Previous work has demonstrated the utility of reductions in the level of detail (LOD) in the periphery of head-tracked, large field of view displays. This paper provides a psychophysically based model, centered around an eye/head movement tradeoff, that explains the effectiveness of peripheral degradation and suggests how peripherally degraded displays should be designed. An experiment evaluating the effect on search performance of the shape and area of the high detail central area (inset) in peripherally degraded displays was performed, results indicated that inset shape is not a significant factor in performance. Inset area, however, was significant: performance with displays subtending at least 30 degrees of horizontal and vertical angle was not significantly different from performance with an undegraded display. These results agreed with the proposed model.
Quantum modeling of distributed object computing (1994)

Distributed object computing is rapidly gaining notice in the computer engineering community. In response, productized support for these systems is increasing. However, few tools exist for the design and modeling of distributed object systems. Clearly, large scale and mission critical systems are most affected by this deficiency. To attain a level of tractability in large scale design and verification, dynamic models are essential. This paper introduces two modeling components. First, the LCN (Loosely Coupled Network) model supports the definition of real-world network topologies and multicomputer systems. Second, the DCO (Distributed Cooperative Objects) model provides a system-independent method of representing complex, object oriented computing structures. These components are assigned random variables (e.g., bandwidths, error rates, compute loads, data volumes, etc.) that provide a basis for dynamic behavior. Through surjective mapping of DCO software onto LCN hardware, the complete OSM (Object System Mapping) model is created. It is shown that OSM systems can model all modes of distributed object behavior found in the current state of Object Request Broker (ORB) technology while under the constraints of modern network structures. The paper concludes with a qualitative analysis of these behaviors and sets the foundation for a distributed object simulation facility.
Functional genomic analysis of cancer metastasis: biologic insights and clinical implications (2005)

Metastasis, the spread of cancer from primary tumors to distant vital organs, has devastating consequences. Lack of effective tools to study this complex problem has hindered the development of accurate prognostic methods and effective treatments for metastatic cancer. In the postgenomic era, the application of genomic profiling methods to the analysis of clinical metastasis samples and animal metastasis models has revolutionized the field of metastasis research. This article reviews recent breakthroughs in the functional genomic analysis of metastasis. In addition, its impacts on our understanding of the molecular basis of metastasis and on clinical practice are discussed.
Threshold and stability for an age-structured epidemic model (1989)

IWe study a mathematical model for an epidemic spreading In an age-structured population with agedependent transmission coefficient.We formulate the model as an abstract Cauchy problem on a Banach space and show the existence and uniqueness of solutions.Next we derive some conditions which guarantee the existence and uniqueness for non-trivial steady states of the model.Finally the local and global stability for the steady states are examined.
Double Arylation of Allyl Alcohol via a One-Pot Heck Arylation–Isomerization–Acylation Cascade (2011)

A one-pot, two-step catalytic protocol has been developed. A regioselective Heck coupling between aryl bromides and allyl alcohol leads to the generation of arylated allyl alcohols that in situ isomerize to give aldehydes, which then undergo an acylation reaction with a second aryl bromide. A variety of aryl bromides can be employed in both the initial Heck reaction and the acylation, providing easy access to a wide variety of substituted dihydrochalcones.
The System Biphenyl-Bibenzyl-Naphthalene. Nearly Ideal Binary and Ternary Systems (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe System Biphenyl-Bibenzyl-Naphthalene. Nearly Ideal Binary and Ternary SystemsH. Howard Lee and J. C. WarnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 2, 318–321Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01305a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01305a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2236Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A model for tumor suppression using H-1 parvovirus. (1993)

A model system is proposed to investigate, at the molecular level, the pathways of tumor suppression. As a tool for the selection of cells with a suppressed phenotype, we used the H-1 parvovirus that preferentially kills various neoplastic cells. From the human K562 leukemia cells, we isolated a clone, KS, that is resistant to the cytopathic effect of the H-1 virus and displays a suppressed malignant phenotype. The suppressed malignancy and the cellular resistance to H-1 killing appear to depend on the activity of wild-type p53. Whereas the KS cells express wild-type p53, the protein is undetectable in the parental K562 cells. Experiments with p53 mutants suggest that wild-type p53, in its functionally intact state, contributes to the resistance against the cytopathic effect of H-1 parvovirus.
<em>Ex Vivo</em> Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses (2011)

Oncolytic Viruses (OVs) are novel therapeutics that selectively replicate in and kill tumor cells(1). Several clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of a variety of oncolytic platforms including HSV, Reovirus, and Vaccinia OVs as treatment for cancer are currently underway(2-5). One key characteristic of oncolytic viruses is that they can be genetically modified to express reporter transgenes which makes it possible to visualize the infection of tissues by microscopy or bio-luminescence imaging(6,7). This offers a unique advantage since it is possible to infect tissues from patients ex vivo prior to therapy in order to ascertain the likelihood of successful oncolytic virotherapy(8). To this end, it is critical to appropriately sample tissue to compensate for tissue heterogeneity and assess tissue viability, particularly prior to infection(9). It is also important to follow viral replication using reporter transgenes if expressed by the oncolytic platform as well as by direct titration of tissues following homogenization in order to discriminate between abortive and productive infection. The object of this protocol is to address these issues and herein describes 1. The sampling and preparation of tumor tissue for cell culture 2. The assessment of tissue viability using the metabolic dye alamar blue 3. Ex vivo infection of cultured tissues with vaccinia virus expressing either GFP or firefly luciferase 4. Detection of transgene expression by fluorescence microscopy or using an In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) 5. Quantification of virus by plaque assay. This comprehensive method presents several advantages including ease of tissue processing, compensation for tissue heterogeneity, control of tissue viability, and discrimination between abortive infection and bone fide viral replication.
A chitin-binding domain in a marine bacterial chitinase and other microbial chitinases: implications for the ecology and evolution of 1,4-β-glycanases (1998)

To examine the ecology and evolution of microbial chitinases, especially the chitin-binding domain, one of the chitinase genes (chiA) from the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi was analysed. The deduced amino acid sequence of ChiA is not very similar overall to other proteins, except for two regions, the putative catalytic and chitin-binding domains. Among all bacterial chitinases sequenced to date, there is no relationship between percentage similarity of catalytic domains and chitin-binding domains in pairwise comparisons, suggesting that these two domains have evolved separately. The chitin-binding domain appears to be evolutionarily conserved among many bacterial chitinases and is also somewhat similar to cellulose-binding domains found in microbial cellulases and xylanases. To investigate the role of the chitin-binding domain, clones producing versions of ChiA with or without this domain were examined. One version with the domain (ChiA1) bound to and hydrolysed chitin, whereas a truncated ChiA without the putative chitin-binding domain (ChiA2) did not bind to chitin, but it could hydrolyse chitin, although not as well. ChiA1 diffused more slowly in agarose containing colloidal chitin than ChiA2, but diffusion of the two proteins in agarose without colloidal chitin was similar. These results indicate that the chitin-binding domain helps determine the movement of chitinase along N-acetylglucosamine strands and within environments containing chitin.
A Bispecific Recombinant Immunotoxin, DT2219, Targeting Human CD19 and CD22 Receptors in a Mouse Xenograft Model of B-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (2005)

A novel bispecific single-chain fusion protein, DT2219, was assembled consisting of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin (DT(390)) fused to two repeating sFv subunits recognizing CD19 and CD22 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Problems with yield, purity, and aggregation in the refolding step were solved by incorporating a segment of human muscle aldolase and by using a sodium N-lauroyl-sarcosine detergent-based refolding procedure. Problems with reduced efficacy were addressed by combining the anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 on the same single-chain molecule. DT2219 had greater anticancer activity than monomeric or bivalent immunotoxins made with anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 sFv alone and it showed a higher level of binding to patient leukemia cells and to CD19(+)CD22(+) Daudi or Raji cells than did anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 parental monoclonal antibodies. The resulting DT2219, mutated to enhance its avidity, was cytotoxic to Daudi cells in vitro (IC(50) = 0.3 nmol/L). In vivo, DT2219 was effective in a flank tumor therapy model in which it significantly inhibited tumor growth (P < 0.05) and in a systemic model in which it significantly prolonged survival of severe combined immunodeficient mice with established Daudi (P < 0.008) compared with controls. DT2219 has broader reactivity in recognizing B-cell malignancies, has more killing power, and requires less toxin than using individual immunotoxin, which warrants further investigation as a new drug for treating B leukemia/lymphoma.
A novel power plane with super-wideband elimination of ground bounce noise on high speed circuits (2005)

A novel L-bridged electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) power/ground planes is proposed with super-wideband suppression of the ground bounce noise (GBN) from 600Mz to 4.6GHz. The L-shaped bridge design on the EBG power plane not only broadens the stopband bandwidth, but also can increase the mutual coupling between the adjacent EBG cells by significantly decreasing the gap between the cells. It is found the small gap design can prevent from the severe degradation of the signal quality for the high-speed signal referring to the perforated EBG power plane. The excellent GBN suppression performance with keeping reasonably good signal integrity for the proposed structure is validated both experimentally and numerically. Good agreement is seen.
Barriers against DNA-loop formation in a porous matrix (1996)

The resistance towards DNA bending imposed by a porous matrix has been investigated by studying the rate of helix-loop penetration through agarose gel pores as driven by electric fields between 1.1 and 6.7 V/cm. YOYO-stained DNA molecules (680 kilo-base-pairs) were prepared in a well-defined globally oriented state by an electrophoretic procedure (YOYO denotes dimer of oxazole-yellow). Loop initiation by a field perpendicular to the global orientation was detected by liner dichroism (LD) spectroscopy in terms of an initial net helix orientation perpendicular to the applied field direction, reflecting the stretching of the chain between the loopholes by the initial growth of the comparatively weakly oriented loop heads. The rate of loop nucleation exhibits a strong field dependence in agreement with a model based on the entropy cost of loop formation. The effect of increasing the average pore radius from 0.7 to 3 P, where P is the persistence length of DNA (500 \AA{}), is significantly weaker than predicted from the model, however. After initially being perpendicular, the net helix orientation is eventually along the field direction, and during this phase the LD exhibits several oscillations before reaching a steady state. By comparison with fluorescence microscopy observations on individual molecules under identical conditions the LD oscillations are identified in terms of loop growth and competition. The spectroscopically measured average rates of these later loop processes exhibit considerably weaker field dependence than loop nucleation, and with power-law dependencies (${E}^{1.2\ensuremath{-}2}$) in agreement with the DNA coils being stretched by electrophoretic transport of the polymer ends.
Characterization of an Arabidopsis Enzyme Family That Conjugates Amino Acids to Indole-3-Acetic Acid (2005)

Substantial evidence indicates that amino acid conjugates of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) function in auxin homeostasis, yet the plant enzymes involved in their biosynthesis have not been identified. We tested whether several Arabidopsis thaliana enzymes that are related to the auxin-induced soybean (Glycine max) GH3 gene product synthesize IAA-amino acid conjugates. In vitro reactions with six recombinant GH3 enzymes produced IAA conjugates with several amino acids, based on thin layer chromatography. The identity of the Ala, Asp, Phe, and Trp conjugates was verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Insertional mutations in GH3.1, GH3.2, GH3.5, and GH3.17 resulted in modestly increased sensitivity to IAA in seedling root. Overexpression of GH3.6 in the activation-tagged mutant dfl1-D did not significantly alter IAA level but resulted in 3.2- and 4.5-fold more IAA-Asp than in wild-type seedlings and mature leaves, respectively. In addition to IAA, dfl1-D was less sensitive to indole-3-butyric acid and naphthaleneacetic acid, consistent with the fact that GH3.6 was active on each of these auxins. By contrast, GH3.6 and the other five enzymes tested were inactive on halogenated auxins, and dfl1-D was not resistant to these. This evidence establishes that several GH3 genes encode IAA-amido synthetases, which help to maintain auxin homeostasis by conjugating excess IAA to amino acids.
Influence of Coalbed Characteristics and Geology on Methane Drainage (1980)

ABSTRACT Methane drainage in advance of mining using horizontal holes continues to expand. Interpretation of coalbed characteristics and geology in relation to drilling procedures and gas flows will provide additional information for further development of this technique. A study conducted in the Pittsburgh coal-bed at Bethlehem Mines Corp., Marianna mine 58, showed the effect of coalbed discontinuities, such as clay veins and sandstone channels, on drilling of horizontal boreholes and on gas flows. It has shown the need to adapt drilling techniques to the varying degrees of hardness encountered within the same coalbed.
A Rice Diet Is Associated with Less Fat Synthesis/Accumulation than a Bread Diet before Exercise Therapy (2005)

For effective exercise therapy after waking up, we focused on the staple food in diet therapy, and compared rice and bread diets. The subjects were 10 healthy college male students. After fasting for 12 h or more from the previous day, the subjects had breakfast consisting of rice (protein, 6.3 g; fat, 0.9 g: CHO, 79.3 g; energy, 368 kcal) or bread (protein, 15.7 g; fat, 5.8 g; CHO, 79.2 g; and energy, 450 kcal) containing the same amount of carbohydrates and the same side dishes (protein, 7.0 g; fat, 9.5 g; CHO, 21.3 g; energy, 199 kcal) in the morning 30 min before the initiation of exercise on a bicycle ergometer at an intensity of about 50% VO2max for 60 min. Measurements of the heart rate and expired gas were initiated 15 min before the start of exercise and continued until 10 min after exercise. Blood was collected before the meal, immediately before and 15, 30, and 45 min after the initiation of exercise, and immediately, 15, and 30 min after its termination. After breakfast containing carbohydrates, decreases were observed in the levels of free fatty acid and noradrenalin. Blood insulin (mealxtime, p<0.05 ANOVA) and triglyceride (meal x time, p<0.01, ANOVA) changed at higher levels in the bread diet than in the rice diet. Blood triglyceride is a resource of fat synthesis/accumulation, and insulin promotes its action. Therefore, the bread diet may promote fat synthesis/accumulation compared with the rice diet.
Development of Dengue and Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines (1990)

Journal Article Development of Dengue and Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines Get access Walter E. Brandt Walter E. Brandt From the Steering Committee on Dengue, Program for Vaccine Development, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Reprints and correspondence: Program for Vaccine Development, Microbiology and Immunology, Division ofCommunicable Diseases World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 162, Issue 3, September 1990, Pages 577–583, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/162.3.577 Published: 01 September 1990 Article history Received: 27 December 1989 Revision received: 23 March 1990 Published: 01 September 1990