gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Balance Programming between Target and Chance with Application in Building Optimal Bidding Strategies for Generation Companies (2007)

Stochastic problems existing in many research domains could be solved through three kinds of methods viz. expected value model (EVM), chance-constrained programming (CCP), and dependent chance programming (DCP). However, these methods, sometimes, give different or even contrary results when dealing with the same real world problems. This paper proposes a new stochastic programming method, termed as balance programming between target and chance, based on the concept of effective decision frontier curve, which can solve the stochastic problems in a more rational, flexible, and applicable manner, and can diminish conflicts of the three above-mentioned methods. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by building optimal bidding strategies for generation companies with risk management in the electricity market environment. A genetic algorithm with Monte Carlo simulation is employed to solve the programming model.
Identification of Immunogenic Hot Spots within Plum Pox Potyvirus Capsid Protein for Efficient Antigen Presentation (2002)

PEPSCAN analysis has been used to characterize the immunogenic regions of the capsid protein (CP) in virions of plum pox potyvirus (PPV). In addition to the well-known highly immunogenic N- and C-terminal domains of CP, regions within the core domain of the protein have also shown high immunogenicity. Moreover, the N terminus of CP is not homogeneously immunogenic, alternatively showing regions frequently recognized by antibodies and others that are not recognized at all. These results have helped us to design efficient antigen presentation vectors based on PPV. As predicted by PEPSCAN analysis, a small displacement of the insertion site in a previously constructed vector, PPV-gamma, turned the derived chimeras into efficient immunogens. Vectors expressing foreign peptides at different positions within a highly immunogenic region (amino acids 43 to 52) in the N-terminal domain of CP were the most effective at inducing specific antibody responses against the foreign sequence.
Optical crosstalk in monolithically-integrated multiple-wavelengthvertical-cavity laser arrays for multimode WDM local-area networks (1998)

The optical crosstalk between lasers in densely-packed multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity photonic integrated emitter arrays is studied for multimode wavelength-division multiplexing applications. It is found that a significant number of photocarriers are generated by spontaneous emission of an adjacent laser. However, an appropriate prebiasing scheme or device design can reduce the crosstalk to < –20 dB.
Novel cascaded injection-locked 1.55-μm VCSELs with 66 GHz modulation bandwidth (2007)

We demonstrate a novel cascaded configuration of optically injection-locked (COIL) VCSELs, which enables a wide and tailorable direct modulation bandwidth. Up to 66 GHz bandwidth is achieved using VCSELs with an original, free-running 10 GHz bandwidth. Different configurations of cascading are discussed in detail with the focus on optimizing the modulation bandwidth. We also discuss scaling capability of this technique to achieve tailorable modulation response.
Efficient Gene Transfer to Human Endothelial Cells Using DNA Complexed to Adenovirus Particles (1998)

Human endothelial cells have been found to be relatively refractory to various methods of DNA transfection currently in common use. By using a transfection method involving DNA complexed with replication-deficient adenovirus particles, we have shown that 20% of a population of cultured endothelial cells can be transfected and high levels of transient expression achieved. Both early-passage human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the continuous differentiated line of human endothelium-derived EA.hy926 cells are responsive to this method of transfection. Efficient DNA transfection of endothelial cells is important for studies of endothelium-specific promoters and is a potentially useful route for transgenic therapy.
Structure, Biology, and Therapeutic Implications of Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b (2002)

Derivatization of protein-based therapeutics with polyethylene glycol (pegylation) can often improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the proteins and thereby, improve efficacy and minimize dosing frequency. This review will provide an overview of pegylation technology and pegylated protein-based drugs being used or investigated clinically. The novel therapeutic, PEG Intron, formed by attaching a 12-kDa mono-methoxy polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the interferon alpha-2b protein, will be discussed in detail in terms of its structure, biological activities, pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical efficacy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Detailed physicochemical and biological characterization studies of PEG Intron revealed its composition of pegylated positional isomers and the specific anti-viral activity associated with each of them. Pegylation of Intron A at pH 6.5 results in a mixture of ≥ 95% mono-pegylated isoforms with the predominant species (approximately 50 %) derivatized to the His34 residue with the remaining positional isomers pegylated at various lysines, the N-terminal cysteine, as well as serine, tyrosine, and another histidine residue. The anti-viral activity for each pegylated isomer showed that the highest specific activity (37%) was associated with the His34-pegylated isomer. Though pegylation decreases the specific activity of the interferon alpha-2b protein in vitro, the potency of PEG Intron was comparable to the Intron A standard at both the molecular and cellular level. The substituted IFN had an enhanced pharmacokinetic profile in both animal and human studies, and, when combined with ribavirin, was very effective in reducing hepatitis C viral load and maintaining sustained viral suppression in patients.
La apreciación del Barroco por parte de la Comisión de Monumentos Históricos y Artísticos de Navarra (1844-1 940) (2000)

[es] El objetivo de esta comunicacion es el de aproximarnos a la valoracion que se hace de la actividad artistica en Navarra durante los siglos del Barroco, esto es, el XVII y XVIII por parte de la Comision provincial de Monumentos Historicos y Artisticos del Antiguo Reino, fundada en 1844 y reorganizada en 1865 y que desarrollo su actividad de iure hasta 1940, ano en el que fue sustituida por la Institucion Principe de Viana, aunque su actividad estaba bastante limitada desde 1927.
Tumorigenesis Suppressor Pdcd4 Down-Regulates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 Expression To Suppress Colon Carcinoma Cell Invasion (2006)

Programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) suppresses neoplastic transformation by inhibiting the activation of c-Jun and consequently AP-1-dependent transcription. We report that Pdcd4 blocks c-Jun activation by inhibiting the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP4K1)/hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1, a kinase upstream of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). cDNA microarray analysis of Pdcd4-overexpressing RKO human colon carcinoma cells revealed MAP4K1 as the sole target of Pdcd4 on the JNK activation pathway. Cotransfection of a MAP4K1 promoter-reporter with Pdcd4 demonstrated inhibition of transcription from the MAP4K1 promoter. Ectopic expression of Pdcd4 in metastatic RKO cells suppressed invasion. MAP4K1 activity is functionally significant in invasion, as overexpression of a dominant negative MAP4K1 (dnMAP4K1) mutant in RKO cells inhibited not only c-Jun activation but also invasion. Overexpression of a MAP4K1 cDNA in Pdcd4-transfected cells rescued the kinase activity of JNK. Thus, Pdcd4 suppresses tumor progression in human colon carcinoma cells by the novel mechanism of down-regulating MAP4K1 transcription, with consequent inhibition of c-Jun activation and AP-1-dependent transcription.
Diffusion‐weighted MR imaging of uterine endometrial cancer (2007)

The present study showed that DW imaging is feasible in demonstrating uterine endometrial cancer and ADC measurement has a potential ability to differentiate between normal and cancerous tissue of the endometrium. The ADC values of endometrial cancers of higher grade show tendency to decrease compared to those of lower grade, although estimation of histologic grade based on ADC values seems difficult because of considerable overlap.
Systemic Complement System Depletion Does Not Inhibit Cellular Accumulation in Antihistamine Pretreated Allergic Guinea Pig Lung (1996)

The present study was designed to determine if depletion of the complement system in the circulation with cobra venom factor (CVF) prevented the cellular infiltration in a guinea pig model of asthma. Guinea pigs were sensitized with ovalbumin (OA) alone or OA with complete Freund's adjuvant. Animals were pretreated with CVF and challenged with OA aerosol for 15 min in the presence of the antihistamine pyrilamine. Either 6 or 20 h later, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was collected and the numbers of white blood cells and red blood cells and amount of protein were determined. In addition, eosinophil peroxidase and myeloperoxidase activity of the lavage and lung homogenate was measured as an indicator of eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration. Aerosol OA challenge caused cellular infiltration in the lung and BAL. CVF treatment did not inhibit the OA-induced cellular infiltration but resulted in an enhanced accumulation of eosinophils 6 h after OA and increased protein in the lavage at 20 h after OA compared to animals not treated with CVF and challenged with OA. Total hemolytic complement activity in the serum was reduced by more than 98% and local complement activity (C3 in the BAL) by more than 95% by CVF treatment. However, after OA challenge in CVF-treated animals, the C3 content of the BAL was not different from control. Thus, leakage of plasma proteins or local synthesis of C3 induced by OA was sufficient to maintain C3 at normal levels in the BAL despite drastic reductions in C3 in the circulation (> 98%) by CVF treatment. Our studies indicate that the systemic complement system is not essential for the cellular infiltration in this guinea pig model of asthma. Complement in local compartments may have an important role in inflammatory events in the lung. In addition, complement system depletion and/or activation may be an important determinant of the severity of a subsequent allergic reaction.
Efficient Online Multi-Person 2D Pose Tracking With Recurrent Spatio-Temporal Affinity Fields (2019)

We present an online approach to efficiently and simultaneously detect and track 2D poses of multiple people in a video sequence. We build upon Part Affinity Field (PAF) representation designed for static images, and propose an architecture that can encode and predict Spatio-Temporal Affinity Fields (STAF) across a video sequence. In particular, we propose a novel temporal topology cross-linked across limbs which can consistently handle body motions of a wide range of magnitudes. Additionally, we make the overall approach recurrent in nature, where the network ingests STAF heatmaps from previous frames and estimates those for the current frame. Our approach uses only online inference and tracking, and is currently the fastest and the most accurate bottom-up approach that is runtime-invariant to the number of people in the scene and accuracy-invariant to input frame rate of camera. Running at ~30 fps on a single GPU at single scale, it achieves highly competitive results on the PoseTrack benchmarks.
Human DBS Sampling with LC–MS/MS for Enantioselective Determination of Metoprolol and its Metabolite O -Desmethyl Metoprolol (2010)

The developed DBS LC-MS/MS assay has a run time of 3 min, shorter than all previous methods while achieving complete baseline separation of enantiomeric metoprolol and O-DMM. This study demonstrates the applicability of DBS for chiral molecules analysis.
Elaboration of Type-1 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor From Adipocytes (1996)

Increased plasma PAI-1 activity in obese human subjects may result from PAI-1 release from an increased mass of adipose tissue, particularly in association with thrombosis and elaboration of TGF-beta from platelet alpha-granules into the circulation. The increased PAI-1 may exacerbate vascular disease by shifting the balance between thrombosis and thrombolysis toward thrombosis and consequently exposing luminal surfaces of vessels to mitogens associated with microthrombi over protracted intervals.
TGF-β – an excellent servant but a bad master (2012)

The transforming growth factor (TGF-β) family of growth factors controls an immense number of cellular responses and figures prominently in development and homeostasis of most human tissues. Work over the past decades has revealed significant insight into the TGF-β signal transduction network, such as activation of serine/threonine receptors through ligand binding, activation of SMAD proteins through phosphorylation, regulation of target genes expression in association with DNA-binding partners and regulation of SMAD activity and degradation. Disruption of the TGF-β pathway has been implicated in many human diseases, including solid and hematopoietic tumors. As a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation, TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor; however in tumor cells, TGF-β looses anti-proliferative response and become an oncogenic factor. This article reviews current understanding of TGF-β signaling and different mechanisms that lead to its impairment in various solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
MicroRNAs miR-186 and miR-150 Down-regulate Expression of the Pro-apoptotic Purinergic P2X7 Receptor by Activation of Instability Sites at the 3′-Untranslated Region of the Gene That Decrease Steady-state Levels of the Transcript (2008)

The P2X7 receptor regulates cell growth through mediation of apoptosis. P2X7 levels are lower in cancer epithelial cells than in normal cells, and previous studies showed that expression of P2X7 was regulated post-transcriptionally. The objective of the study was to understand regulation of P2X7 mRNA stability. Overexpression of a reporter containing the full-length human P2X7 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) or reporters containing parts of the 3'-UTR-P2X7 were associated with increased abundance of the construct in normal cells and decreased abundance in cancer epithelial cells. Sequences within the 3'-UTR-P2X7, which are putative target sites for the microRNAs, miR-186 (middle segment) and miR-150 (distal segment), decreased the abundance of the P2X7 transcript. Overexpression in cancer cells of mutated miR-186 and miR-150 target sites was associated with lower levels of the reporter genes. In normal cells overexpression of the mutated miR-186 target site was associated with marked increased concentration, but overexpression of the miR-150 target site reporters, wild-type and mutant, did not change over time. Levels of miR-186 and miR-150 were higher in cancer than in normal cells, and treatment with miR-186 and miR-150 inhibitors increased P2X7 mRNA. In human embryonic kidney-293 cells heterologously expressing the full-length 3'-UTR-P2X7 luciferase reporter, miR-186 and miR-150 inhibitors increased luciferase activity, whereas miR-186 and miR-150 mimics decreased luciferase activity after actinomycin D treatment. These data suggest that increased expression of miR-186 and miR-150 in cancer epithelial cells decreases P2X7 mRNA by activation of miR-186 and miR-150 instability target sites located at the 3'-UTR-P2X7.
Atomic layer epitaxy - a valuable tool for nanotechnology? (1999)

Atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) is a surface controlled, self-limiting method for depositing thin films from gaseous precursors. In this paper the basic principle of ALE and its potentials for nanotechnology are introduced. From the point of view of nanotechnology the most important benefits of ALE are excellent conformality and easily realized subnanometre level accuracy in controlling film thicknesses, which are discussed in more detail with selected examples from thin-film technology. Studies on ALE preparation of laterally confined structures are also reviewed. The paper concludes with an outlook discussing the capabilities and challenges of using ALE in nanotechnology in depositing materials with one or several dimensions confined to the nanometre level.
Matrix and Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Chloro-p-nitrophenylcarbene and Related Species (2001)

Chloro-p-nitrophenyldiazirine (2) was deposited in an argon matrix. Photolysis (350 nm) releases chloro-p-nitrophenylcarbene (1) as a persistent species. The IR and UV−vis spectra of carbene 1 were obtained, and the IR spectrum was adequately simulated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The carbene has an intense IR vibration at 1206 cm-1 involving the carbene carbon and aromatic ring carbon. This band was observed by TRIR spectroscopy upon laser flash photolysis (355 nm) of 2 in heptane at ambient temperature. The presence of benzene did not influence the frequency of this vibration. The carbene lifetime as measured by TRIR spectroscopy (≈400 ns) is consistent with previous LFP studies utilizing UV−vis detection. Upon LFP of 2 in CCl4 or CF2ClCFCl2 the photogenerated carbene abstracts chlorine atom from solvent to form α,α-dichloro-p-nitrobenzyl radical with a TRIR band at 1316 cm-1. Upon LFP of 2 in acetonitrile, acetone, methyl acetate, pyridine, and tetrahydrofuran ylide species were produced. The ylides had similar TRIR spectra with bands at 1584, 1504, and 1312 cm-1.
Evaluation of back scatter interferometry, a method for detecting protein binding in solution (2014)

Back Scatter Interferometry (BSI) has been proposed to be a highly sensitive and versatile refractive index sensor usable for analytical detection of biomarker and protein interactions in solution. However the existing literature on BSI lacks a physical explanation of why protein interactions in general should contribute to the BSI signal. We have established a BSI system to investigate this subject in further detail. We contribute with a thorough analysis of the robustness of the sensor including unwanted contributions to the interferometric signal caused by temperature variation and dissolved gasses. We report a limit of the effective minimum detectability of refractive index at the 10(-7) level. Long term stability was examined by simultaneously monitoring the temperature inside the capillary revealing an average drift of 2.0 × 10(-7) per hour. Finally we show that measurements on protein A incubated with immunoglobulin G do not result in a signal that can be attributed to binding affinities as otherwise claimed in literature.
Somatostatin and the immune and haematopoetic system; a review (1994)

SS-R and SS have been demonstrated in non-pathological and pathological lymphoid tissue and may play a regulatory, mostly inhibitory, role in the immune response. SS is produced by lymphocytes and monocytes which suggests an autocrine or paracrine regulatory role, but SS may be released as well by nerve endings. It can therefore be hypothesized that apart from a role of SS in local, immunomodulation of cells belonging to the immune system, a second pathway exists in which this peptide exerts its effects via neuroendocrine modulation of the immune response which might represent a direct regulatory relation between the nervous and the immune system. The presence of SS-R in lymphoid neoplasm cells and in diseases involving activated mononuclear leukocytes allows the visualization of these diseases using octreotide scintigraphy. This technique may be used in the evaluation of the spread of these diseases and to monitor their response to therapy. Moreover, the presence of SS-R in immune diseases warrants studies on the efficacy of treatment with octreotide of patients suffering from these diseases.
Inorganic Electrides Formed by Alkali Metal Addition to Pure Silica Zeolites (2003)

Up to 4 Cs or Rb atoms per 32 Si atoms can be incorporated into the channels of the all-silica (SiO2) zeolites ITQ-4 and beta with effective oxidation states of zero. The optical properties and 29Si MAS NMR spectra suggest partial or complete ionization within the channels to yield M+ ions and relatively free electrons. This view is supported by a published structural model (Petkov, V.; Billinge, S. I.; Vogt, T.; Ichimura, A. S.; Dye, J. L. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002, 89, 075502) based on pair distribution functions for Cs in ITQ-4. As with solutions of alkali metals in ammonia, however, the trapped electrons in this inorganic electride interact with the cations, and spin-pairing between adjacent electrons also occurs. The crystal morphology is unaffected by the inclusion of alkali metals. Structural distortions that reduce or eliminate long-range order are completely reversed upon oxidation and removal of the metal. At higher temperatures, Na and K can also be incorporated, but the optical spectra indicate that either substantial ionization does not occur or the released electrons react reversibly with the silica to form strongly reducing species.
Application of Context Transfer for Roaming in IP-Based Evolved 3G Networks (2006)

The 3G mobile networks are currently undergoing evolution and optimization to cope with the rapid growth in IP data traffic and to ensure their competitiveness during the next 10 years and beyond. Roaming, a key revenue generator for mobile wireless networks, has been identified as one of the key capabilities to be retained in the evolved architecture. However, drawbacks have been identified with the existing home controlled and visited controlled roaming models. Towards that end, this paper proposes mechanisms to resolve the problems associated with both of the existing roaming models, utilizing a context transfer concept. The proposed solutions enhance the home controlled roaming model with the optimal routing capability for the user traffic while maintaining its existing strengths such as home control of user traffic and home services access. For the visited controlled roaming model, the proposed mechanisms enable home operator control over the user traffic while retaining its optimized routing for user-to-user traffic and local breakout features
Fine mapping of quantitative trait loci using selected overlapping recombinant chromosomes, in an interspecies cross of tomato. (1990)

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been mapped to small intervals along the chromosomes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), by a method we call substitution mapping. The size of the interval to which a QTL can be mapped is determined primarily by the number and spacing of previously mapped genetic markers in the region surrounding the QTL. We demonstrate the method using tomato genotypes carrying chromosomal segments from Lycopersicon chmielewskii, a wild relative of tomato with high soluble solids concentration but small fruit and low yield. Different L. chmielewskii chromosomal segments carrying a common restriction fragment length polymorphism were identified, and their regions of overlap determined using all available genetic markers. The effect of these chromosomal segments on soluble solids concentration, fruit mass, yield, and pH, was determined in the field. Many overlapping chromosomal segments had very different phenotypic effects, indicating QTLs affecting the phenotype(s) to lie in intervals of as little as 3 cM by which the segments differed. Some associations between different traits were attributed to close linkage between two or more QTLs, rather than pleiotropic effects of a single QTL: in such cases, recombination should separate desirable QTLs from genes with undesirable effects. The prominence of such trait associations in wide crosses appears partly due to infrequent reciprocal recombination between heterozygous chromosomal segments flanked by homozygous regions. Substitution mapping is particularly applicable to gene introgression from wild to domestic species, and generally useful in narrowing the gap between linkage mapping and physical mapping of QTLs.