gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversal of Proinflammatory Responses by Ligating the Macrophage Fcγ Receptor Type I (1998)

Macrophages can respond to a variety of infectious and/or inflammatory stimuli by secreting an array of proinflammatory cytokines, the overproduction of which can result in shock or even death. In this report, we demonstrate that ligation of macrophage Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaR) can lead to a reversal of macrophage proinflammatory responses by inducing an upregulation of interleukin (IL)-10, with a reciprocal inhibition of IL-12 production. IL-10 upregulation was specific to FcgammaR ligation, since the ligation of the Mac-1 receptor did not alter IL-10 production. The identification of the specific FcgammaR subtype responsible for IL-10 upregulation was determined in gene knockout mice. Macrophages from mice lacking the FcR gamma chain, which is required for assembly and signaling by FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIII, failed to upregulate IL-10 in response to immune complexes. However, mice lacking either the FcgammaRII or the FcgammaRIII were fully capable of upregulating IL-10 production, implicating FcgammaRI in this process. The biological consequences of FcgammaRI ligation were determined in both in vitro and in vivo models of inflammation and sepsis. In all of the models tested, the ligation of FcgammaR promoted the production of IL-10 and inhibited the secretion of IL-12. This reciprocal alteration in the pattern of macrophage cytokine production illustrates a potentially important role for FcgammaR-mediated clearance in suppressing macrophage proinflammatory responses.
Comparing the vibrational properties of low-energy modes of a molecular and an atomic adsorbate: CO and O on Pt(111) (2000)

In this work we present a situation where it has been possible to compare the vibrational properties of the low-energy modes of a molecular and an atomic adsorbate on a metal surface. We have, by infrared spectroscopy, studied well-ordered structures of carbon monoxide chemisorbed in two different sites and atomic oxygen in a third site, all three on the same surface, with the same relative coverage and studied under identical conditions. We are able to present a unique test of the antiabsorption mechanism and its applicability to transition metals like platinum. For atomic oxygen we observe a dip in the absorptance spectra associated with the frustrated translation, while in contrast no such dip was observed for the frustrated rotations of CO. This emphasizes that the magnitude of the broadband decrease in reflectivity and the character of the adsorbate motion is very important for the strength of the effect. We also present the first study on the temperature dependence of the antiabsorption, the results being in agreement with theory. For the metal–adsorbate stretch vibrational modes we make relative comparisons between the observed integrated absorptance for the different species. We find a good correspondence between the relative values of the oscillating charge and the binding energy by making simple estimations on the bond geometry and the screening by the metal electrons.
Photoreception for Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Neurobehavioral Regulation (2007)

In the art and science of lighting, four traditional objectives have been to provide light that: 1) is optimum for visual performance; 2) is visually comfortable; 3) permits aesthetic appreciation of the space; and 4) conserves energy. Over the past 25 years, it has been demonstrated that there are nonvisual, systemic effects of light in healthy humans. Furthermore, light has been used to successfully treat patients with selected affective and sleep disorders as well as healthy individuals who have circadian disruption due to shift work, transcontinental jet travel, or space flight. Recently, there has been an upheaval in the understanding of photoreceptive input to the circadian system of humans and other mammals. Analytical action spectra in rodents, primates, and humans have identified 446-484 nm (predominantly the blue part of the spectrum) as the most potent wavelength region for neuroendocrine, circadian, and neurobehavioral responses. Those studies suggested that a novel photosensory system, distinct from the visual rods and cones, is primarily responsible for this regulation. Studies have now shown that this new photosensory system is based on a small population of widely dispersed retinal ganglion cells that are intrinsically responsive to light, and project to the suprachiasmatic nuclei and other nonvisual centers in the brain. These light-sensitive retinal ganglion cells contain melanopsin, a vitamin A photopigment that mediates the cellular phototransduction cascade. Although light detection for circadian and neuroendocrine phototransduction seems to be mediated principally by a novel photosensory system in the eye, the classic rod and cone photoreceptors appear to play a role as well. These findings are important in understanding how humans adapt to lighting conditions in modern society and will provide the basis for major changes in future architectural lighting strategies.
Expression of high‐mobility group‐1 mRNA in human gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and corresponding non‐cancerous mucosa (1997)

An 1194-nucleotide complementary DNA clone, FMI, encoding a human high-mobility group-I protein (HMG-I) was isolated from a well-differentiated human gastric-carcinoma cell line complementary DNA library by a differential screening method. FMI is similar to the published human HMG-I in mature protein, with only 3 different codons at positions 11, 149, and 190. We analyzed 33 gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas for expression of the FMI gene. Northern-blot analysis revealed that all of the cancers expressed FMI at a higher level than in corresponding non-cancerous mucosa, with 2 transcripts of approximately 1.4 and 2.4 kilobases. The FMI expression level in the non-cancerous tissues increased with the depth of accompanying cancer invasion. Only 18.2% of well-differentiated cancers showed a higher expression level in corresponding non-cancerous tissues, whereas the expression in corresponding non-cancerous tissues was significantly higher in moderately (60%) and poorly differentiated (83.3%) cancers. In situ hybridization demonstrated the location of FMI mRNA in well- and poorly differentiated gastric-cancer cells as well as in non-cancerous tissue adjacent to poorly differentiated gastric cancer, but no hybridization was detected in normal epithelial cells adjacent to well-differentiated gastric cancer. These findings may provide new information on HMG-I mRNA expression in human gastrointestinal cancer and suggest a correlation between FMI mRNA expression to the differentiation and the stage of human gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. Int. J. Cancer 74:1–6. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Argatroban anticoagulation during percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (2002)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated syndrome associated with thrombosis. Alternative anticoagulation to heparin is needed for HIT patients during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We evaluated argatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor, for anticoagulation in this setting. Ninety-one HIT patients underwent 112 PCIs while on intravenous argatroban (25 microg/kg/min [350 microg/kg initial bolus], adjusted to achieve an activated clotting time of 300-450 sec). Primary efficacy endpoints were subjective assessments of the satisfactory outcome of the procedure and adequate anticoagulation during PCI. Among patients undergoing initial PCIs with argatroban (n = 91), 94.5% had a satisfactory outcome of the procedure and 97.8% achieved adequate anticoagulation. Death (zero patients), myocardial infarction (four patients), or revascularization (four patients) at 24 hr after PCI occurred in seven (7.7%) patients overall. One patient (1.1%) experienced periprocedural major bleeding. For patients who had subsequent hospitalizations (mean separation of 150 days) for repeat PCI using argatroban anticoagulation (n = 21), there were no unsatisfactory outcomes. Overall, outcomes were comparable with those historically reported for heparin. Argatroban therefore is a reasonable anticoagulant option in this setting, where current options are limited.
The cell cycle: an introduction (1994)

In the last decade there has been a revolution in our comprehension of how cells grow and divide. Results from experiments on yeast, embryos, and cultured mammalian cells have unified seemingly disparate viewpoints into a single set of principles for normal cellular reproduction in plants, animals and bacteria. Written by two leading participants in that revolution, The Cell Cycle provides the first thorough, authoritative account of the new philosophy of normal cellular reproduction and how it emerged. It is a vivid portrayal of the molecular logic of the cell: how the cell engine induces DNA replication and chromosome replication; how the integrity of genetic information is preserved; and how cell size and environmental signals regulate the cycle of growth and division. By describing important breakthroughs in their historical and experimental context, The Cell Cycle traces the development of the new vision of cell biology and shows its relevance to other areas of modern biology. It is the ideal introduction to the current understanding of cell growth and division for advanced undergraduate and graduate level cell biology courses.
Hygromycin B phosphotransferase as a selectable marker for DNA transfer experiments with higher eucaryotic cells. (1984)

The DNA coding sequence for the hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene was placed under the control of the regulatory sequences of a cloned long terminal repeat of Moloney sarcoma virus. This construction allowed direct selection for hygromycin B resistance after transfection of eucaryotic cell lines not naturally resistant to this antibiotic, thus providing another dominant marker for DNA transfer in eucaryotic cells.
Human Mitochondrial Glutaredoxin Reduces S-Glutathionylated Proteins with High Affinity Accepting Electrons from Either Glutathione or Thioredoxin Reductase (2004)

Glutaredoxins catalyze glutathione-dependent thiol disulfide oxidoreductions via a GSH-binding site and active cysteines. Recently a second human glutaredoxin (Grx2), which is targeted to either mitochondria or the nucleus, was cloned. Grx2 contains the active site sequence CSYC, which is different from the conserved CPYC motif present in the cytosolic Grx1. Here we have compared the activity of Grx2 and Grx1 using glutathionylated substrates and active site mutants. The kinetic studies showed that Grx2 catalyzes the reduction of glutathionylated substrates with a lower rate but higher affinity compared with Grx1, resulting in almost identical catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/K(m)). Permutation of the active site motifs of Grx1 and Grx2 revealed that the CSYC sequence of Grx2 is a prerequisite for its high affinity toward glutathionylated proteins, which comes at the price of lower k(cat). Furthermore Grx2 was a substrate for NADPH and thioredoxin reductase, which efficiently reduced both the active site disulfide and the GSH-glutaredoxin intermediate formed in the reduction of glutathionylated substrates. Using this novel electron donor pathway, Grx2 reduced low molecular weight disulfides such as CoA but with particular high efficiency glutathionylated substrates including GSSG. These results suggest an important role for Grx2 in protection and recovery from oxidative stress.
Gold–Silica–Gold Nanosandwiches: Tunable Bimodal Plasmonic Resonators (2006)

A metal–dielectric sandwich nanostructure, fabricated by a self-assembly technique, has a bimodal resonant response at optical frequencies due to dipolar plasmon hybridization (see picture). The degree of electromagnetic coupling in the system can be controlled by either varying the aspect ratio of one of the disks in the layered structure, or by altering the thickness of the dielectric spacer between the plasmonic components.
Data compression (1988)

The applications of digital data compression and the major components of compression systems are described. Data modeling is discussed, and the role of entropy and data statistics is examined. Gray-scale image modeling is used to illustrate some of these mechanisms. The coding mechanisms are examined, and prefix codes are explained. Arithmetic coding is considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Material properties of the human cranial vault and zygoma (2003)

The material properties of cortical bone from the diaphyses of long bones (e.g., the femur and tibia) vary by direction, such that bone is stiffer and stronger along its long axis. This configuration improves the abilities of these structures to resist axial compressive loads coupled with bending. As in long bones, cortical bone from the cranial vault is subject to mechanical loads from various orofacial functions and the contraction of attached muscles. However, experimental studies suggest that the resulting bone strains are at least an order of magnitude smaller than those found in the midshafts of the femur or tibia. The characteristics of the three-dimensional elastic properties of cortical bone are largely unexplored in regions of low bone strain, including the cranial vault, in which little is known regarding cortical structure and function. In the present study we examined variations in the cortical microstructure and material properties of the bone of the human cranial vault, including the parietal, frontal, temporal, and occipital bones. A facial bone, the zygoma, was also included to contrast the properties of the cranial vault with another craniofacial intramembranous bone that experiences larger strains. Cortical specimens from the outer cortical plate of the cranial vault were removed from 15 frozen human crania. We measured cortical thicknesses and densities, and determined the primary direction of stiffness within the bone specimens prior to ultrasonic testing to determine their elastic properties. There were statistically significant differences in elastic properties between bones and, in some cases, sites within bones, which for most variables were clustered by bone or region. In striking contrast to this pattern, elastic moduli in the direction of primary stiffness were larger in cortical regions underlying muscle attachments than in regions without muscle attachments. Few sites in the cranial vault or zygoma showed a consistent orientation of the material axes among individuals, although specimens from many regions had directional differences similar to those in cortical bone from the mandible, femur, or tibia.
Pipelined Decision Tree Classification Accelerator Implementation in FPGA (DT-CAIF) (2013)

Decision tree classification (DTC) is a widely used technique in data mining algorithms known for its high accuracy in forecasting. As technology has progressed and available storage capacity in modern computers increased, the amount of data available to be processed has also increased substantially, resulting in much slower induction and classification times. Many parallel implementations of DTC algorithms have already addressed the issues of reliability and accuracy in the induction process. In the classification process, larger amounts of data require proportionately more execution time, thus hindering the performance of legacy systems. We have devised a pipelined architecture for the implementation of axis parallel binary DTC that dramatically improves the execution time of the algorithm while consuming minimal resources in terms of area. Scalability is achieved when connected to a high-speed communication unit capable of performing data transfers at a rate similar to that of the DTC engine. We propose a hardware accelerated solution composed of parallel processing nodes capable of independently processing data from a streaming source. Each engine processes the data in a pipelined fashion to use resources more efficiently and increase the achievable throughput. The results show that this system is 3.5 times faster than the existing hardware implementation of classification.
XIAP Is a Predictor of Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy Response and Prognosis for Patients with Advanced Head and Neck Cancer (2012)

Our results demonstrate that XIAP overexpression plays an important role in the disease course and cisplatin-resistance of advanced HNSCC. XIAP is a valuable predictor of cisplatin-response and prognosis for patients with advanced head and neck cancer. Down-regulation of XIAP might be a promising adjuvant therapy for those patients of advanced HNSCC.
Changes in chemical composition of burley tobacco during sensecence and curing. 2. Acylated pyridine alkaloids (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChanges in chemical composition of burley tobacco during sensecence and curing. 2. Acylated pyridine alkaloidsHarold R. Burton, Roger A. Andersen, Pierce D. Fleming, and Linus R. WaltonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1988, 36, 3, 579–584Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00081a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00081a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanomolar-affinity, non-peptide oxytocin receptor antagonists (1993)

Non-peptide antagonists of the peptide hormone oxytocin (OT) with nanomolar OT receptor affinities are described. These compounds incorporate novel amido- and amidoalkylcamphor variations to the lead structure L-366,509 (1) to achieve receptor affinity enhancements of 2-3 orders of magnitude over that compound. The new OT antagonist L-367,773 (35) is shown to be an orally bioavailable agent with good duration in vivo and to inhibit OT-stimulated uterine contractions effectively in several in vitro and in vivo models.
Variance for Water-Use Efficiency Among Ecotypes and Recombinant Inbred Lines of Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) (1994)

Knowledge of natural variation among ecotypes and recombinant inbred lines of Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh for season-long water-use efficiency (WUE, moles of carbon accumulated per mole of water used) is useful in the design of experiments to understand the genetic control of this phenomenon. Water-use efficiency among 31 container-grown Arabidopsis ecotypes ranged from a high of 2.40 to a low of 1.86 mg/g (grams of dry aerial biomass per gram of water used). Genetic variance for WUE was observed among 80 F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the highest (Lip-0) by the lowest (Edi-0) ecotype. The heritability of WUE was calculated as 0.18 ± 0.07. The mean WUE for the ten highest and ten lowest RILs was 2.42 and 1.05 mg/g, respectively. A significant difference was observed in the composition of stable isotopes of plant carbon (δ13C) between the mean of the ten highest (-31.23±) and the mean of the ten lowest (-31.96±) RILs based on WUE. Characterization of the 80 RILs provides a structured population for further genetic and physiologic study of WUE.
Autonomous Battery Recharging for Indoor Mobile Robots (2000)

Although one of the priorities in Alzheimer's research is to clarify the filament formation mechanism for the tau protein, it is still unclear how it is transformed from a normal structure in a neuron. To examine the linkage-dependent contribution of each repeat peptide (R1-R4) to filament formation of the three- or four-repeat microtubule-binding domain (MBD) in the tau protein, four two-repeat peptides (R12, R13, R23 and R34) and two three-repeat peptides (R123 and R234) were prepared, and their in vitro self-aggregation was investigated by thioflavin S fluorescence and circular dichroism measurements, and by electron microscopy in neutral buffer (pH 7.6). Comparison of these aggregation behaviors with previous results for single-repeat peptides and wild-type 3RMBD (R134) and 4RMBD (R1234) indicated that (a) the two-repeat R23, not the R2 or R3 single repeat, forms the core structure in self-aggregation of 4RMBD, whereas that of 3RMBD comprises the R3 single repeat, (b) co-existence of R1 and R4 repeats is necessary for the aggregation behavior inherent in 3RMBD and 4RMBD, whereas the R1 or R4 repeat alone functions as a repressor or modifier of the filament formation, (c) 4RMBD aggregation is accompanied by R1-driven transition from random and alpha-helix structures to a beta-sheet structure, whereas 3RMBD aggregation involves three-repeat R134-specific transition from a random structure to an alpha-helix structure without the participation of a beta-sheet structure, and (d) the peptides that include the R1 repeat form a long filament irrespective of the absence or presence of the R4 repeat, whereas those that include the R4 repeat, but not the R1 repeat, form a relatively short filament. To the best of our knowledge, a systematic study of the linkage-dependent contribution of each repeat peptide to the paired helical filament formation of tau MBD has not been carried out previously, and thus the present information is useful for understanding the essence of the filament formation of tau MBD.
VISUAL PROGRAMMING FOR MESSAGE-PASSING SYSTEMS (1999)

The attractiveness of visual programming stems in large part from the direct interaction with program elements as if they were real objects, since people deal better with concrete objects than with the abstract. This paper describes a new graph based software visualization tool for parallel message-passing programming named Visper that combines the levels of abstraction at which message-passing parallel programs are expressed and makes use of compositional programming. Central to the tool is the Process Communication Graph that correlates both the control and data flow graphs into a single graph formalism, without a need for complex textual annotation. The graph can express static and runtime communication and replication structures, as found in Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM). It also forms the basis for visualizing parallel debugging and performance.