gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating Limiting Factors in Stretchable All-Carbon Transistors for Reliable Stretchable Electronics (2017)

Stretchable form factors enable electronic devices to conform to irregular 3D structures, including soft and moving entities. Intrinsically stretchable devices have potential advantages of high surface coverage of active devices, improved durability, and reduced processing costs. This work describes intrinsically stretchable transistors composed of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) electrodes and semiconductors and a dielectric that consists of a nonpolar elastomer. The use of a nonpolar elastomer dielectric enabled hysteresis-free device characteristics. Compared to devices on SiO<sub>2</sub> dielectrics, stretchable devices with nonpolar dielectrics showed lower mobility in ambient conditions because of the absence of doping from water. The effect of a SWNT band gap on device characteristics was investigated by using different SWNT sources as the semiconductor. Large-band-gap SWNTs exhibited trap-limited behavior caused by the low capacitance of the dielectric. In contrast, high-current devices based on SWNTs with smaller band gaps were more limited by contact resistance. Of the tested SWNT sources, SWNTs with a maximum diameter of 1.5 nm performed the best, with a mobility of 15.4 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs and an on/off ratio >10<sup>3</sup> for stretchable transistors. Large-band-gap devices showed increased sensitivity to strain because of a pronounced dependence on the dielectric thickness, whereas contact-limited devices showed substantially less strain dependence.
Practical attenuated phase-shifting mask with a single-layer absorptive shifter of MoSiO and MoSiON for ULSI fabrication (2002)

Attenuated phase-shifting mask with a single-layer absorptive shifter with MoSiO or MoSiON films has been developed. These films satisfies the condition both the 180-degree phase shift and the transmittance between 5 and 20%. Conventional mask processes, such as etching, cleaning, defect inspection and defect repair, can be used for the fabrication. Defect-free masks for hole layers of 64 M-bit DRAM have been obtained. Using this mask, the focus depth of 0.35-/spl mu/m hole is improved from 0.6 /spl mu/m to 1.5 /spl mu/m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hereditary angio‐oedema: new clinical observations and autoimmune screening, complement and kallikrein‐kinin analyses (1996)

Objectives. To study clinical and laboratory manifestations of hereditary angio‐oedema (HAE). Subjects. Thirty‐three affected members of a kindred of 63. Results. Oedematous attacks in the skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract with fluid displacement were elicited by mental and physical stress, minor traumas, dental and surgical procedures, eruption of teeth, tonsillitis, pregnancies, and use of oestrogen‐containing pills including menopausal substitution. Every adult woman with symptomatic HAE ( n =11) showed symptoms of urinary tract infections in conjunction with the attacks ( P = 0.010), and also experienced more spontaneous abortions or premature labours ( P =0.037) than healthy relatives. Patients with HAE of both sexes more frequently reported heartburn or peptic ulcers ( P =0.002). Rheumatic complaints were reported by 53% of HAE patients and 12% of their unaffected relatives ( P =0.013), but biochemical screening for 18 autoantibodies and quantitation of immunoglobulins did not reveal statistically significant differences between the two groups. C3, prekallikrein, total kininogen, high molecular weight kininogen (HK), alpha‐2‐macroglobulin and factor XII were not significantly different in HAE patients. In contrast, levels of C1‐INH and C4 were depressed and cleaved HK increased in patients compared to unaffected relatives. Conclusions. HAE manifests in a variety of ways, and may influence risk of spontaneous abortions and premature labour.
TheFusarium solani-Induced Expression of a Pea Gene Family Encoding High Cysteine Content Proteins (1991)

Two pea genes, pI39 and pI230, which are specifically induced by two forma specials of Fusarium solani, encode closely related proteins with predicted molecular masses (Mr) of 8.2 and 8 kDa, respectively. Both proteins contain a signal sequence and are cleaved to mature proteins of Mr 5 kDa as indicated by an in vitro translation system. The mature proteins contain about 17% cysteine residues and have the potential to form four disulfide bonds. The two proteins share extensive homology in their signal sequences but much less homology as mature proteins. The cysteine residues of the mature proteins are highly conserved, suggesting functional importance. Southern hybridization suggests these genes belong to a multigene family. The relative accumulations of mRNA levels indicate that the two genes are expressed somewhat differentially. In both the compatible (susceptible) and incompatible reactions between F. solani and pea tissue, pI39 mRNA accumulates more slowly than pI230 mRNA and accumulates to relatively high levels after 24 hr of inoculation. The increase in accumulation of pI230 mRNA occurs within 6 hr and thus correlates with an initial suppression of the growth of both the compatible and incompatible pathogen, which is cytologically observable at 6 hr. pI39 and pI230 belong to a distinct class of pathogenesis-related proteins characterized previously, which are associated with and thus may contribute to nonhost resistance in plants.
Abstract 2316: Multilayer omics analyses in CpG island methylator phenotype clear cell renal cell carcinomas (2014)

Abstract [Background] We have reported that CpG-island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-positive clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are characterized by accumulation of DNA hypermethylation of CpG islands, clinicopathological aggressiveness and poorer patient outcome. We have established the criteria for CIMP diagnosis in clear cell RCCs by quantification of DNA methylation levels of RCC-specific CIMP marker genes. [Purpose] The aim of this study was to reveal the molecular pathways which significantly participate in CIMP-positive renal carcinogenesis and become a therapeutic target of CIMP-positive clear cell RCCs. [Methods] Our previous methylome analysis using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadArray identified CIMP-negative and -positive clear cell RCCs in the present cohort (n=101). In the present study, genome (whole-exome), transcriptome and proteome analyses using Agilent SureSelect All Exon capture followed by sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, Agilent SurePrint Human Gene Expression microarray and two dimensional image converted analysis of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively, were performed in tissue specimens of 87 CIMP-negative and 14 CIMP-positive clear cell RCCs and the corresponding non-cancerous renal cortex tissue specimens. [Results] The number of genes showing genetic aberrations in CIMP-negative clear cell RCCs was quite low, indicating that CIMP-negative RCCs lacked distinct genetic characteristics. On the other hand, many genes, such as genes encoding hisotone modification enzymes and tumor-suppressor genes, showed 10% or more incidence of genetic aberrations in CIMP-positive clear cell RCCs. Based on MetaCore pathway analysis, although mRNA or protein expression alterations in CIMP-negative clear cell RCCs were not significantly accumulated in any molecular pathways, such alterations in CIMP-positive clear cell RCCs were accumulated in the 19 pathways (P&amp;lt;0.05), such as molecular pathways involved in cell cycle and cell adhesion. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis verified expression alterations of genes involved in the most frequently affected pathway in CIMP-positive clear cell RCCs. [Conclusion] The most frequently affected pathway may be a novel therapeutic target of CIMP-positive clear cell RCCs. We are now examining the effectiveness of the inhibitor of the most frequently affected pathway in RCC cell lines showing CIMP. Citation Format: Eri Arai, Hiromi Sakamoto, Masaya Ono, Yoriko Takahashi, Sayaka Miyata, Hiroyuki Fujimoto, Masahiro Gotoh, Tesshi Yamada, Yae Kanai. Multilayer omics analyses in CpG island methylator phenotype clear cell renal cell carcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2316. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2316
Mechanical and neural stretch responses of the human soleus muscle at different walking speeds (2009)

During human walking, a sudden trip may elicit a Ia afferent fibre mediated short latency stretch reflex. The aim of this study was to investigate soleus (SOL) muscle mechanical behaviour in response to dorsiflexion perturbations, and to relate this behaviour to short latency stretch reflex responses. Twelve healthy subjects walked on a treadmill with the left leg attached to an actuator capable of rapidly dorsiflexing the ankle joint. Ultrasound was used to measure fascicle lengths in SOL during walking, and surface electromyography (EMG) was used to record muscle activation. Dorsiflexion perturbations of 6 deg were applied during mid-stance at walking speeds of 3, 4 and 5 km h(-1). At each walking speed, perturbations were delivered at three different velocities (slow: approximately 170 deg s(-1), mid: approximately 230 deg s(-1), fast: approximately 280 deg s(-1)). At 5 km h(-1), fascicle stretch amplitude was 34-40% smaller and fascicle stretch velocity 22-28% slower than at 3 km h(-1) in response to a constant amplitude perturbation, whilst stretch reflex amplitudes were unchanged. Changes in fascicle stretch parameters can be attributed to an increase in muscle stiffness at faster walking speeds. As stretch velocity is a potent stimulus to muscle spindles, a decrease in the velocity of fascicle stretch at faster walking speeds would be expected to decrease spindle afferent feedback and thus stretch reflex amplitudes, which did not occur. It is therefore postulated that other mechanisms, such as altered fusimotor drive, reduced pre-synaptic inhibition and/or increased descending excitatory input, acted to maintain motoneurone output as walking speed increased, preventing a decrease in short latency reflex amplitudes.
Digital Video: An Introduction to MPEG-2 (1998)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Alzheimer disease and the prion disorders amyloid beta-protein and prion protein amyloidoses. (1993)

Alzheimer disease and the prion disorders/spongiform encephalopathies share many common features. These chronic, progressive, sometimes familial diseases of the central nervous system are characterized by the presence of different types of amyloid deposits in the brain. This review provides a perspective on these two types of neurodegenerative disorders.
Both focal adhesion kinase and c-Ras are required for the enhanced matrix metalloproteinase 9 secretion by fibronectin in ovarian cancer cells. (1998)

Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix appears to trigger a cascade of intracellular signalings. We have shown previously that treatment of ovarian cancer cells with peritoneal conditioned medium or purified fibronectin (FN) activated matrix metalloproteinase 9 secretion and, thereby, cancer cell invasion. By use of antisense oligonucleotides to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and a dominant-negative mutant of ras (S17Nras), we found that both FAK and c-Ras were required for the activation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 secretion by FN. In addition, both antisense oligonucleotides to FAK and S17Nras inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by FN treatment, suggesting the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase in the FN-dependent signaling.
RANDOMIZED PROSPECTIVE TRIAL OF OKT3 FOR EARLY PROPHYLAXIS OF REJECTION AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (1989)

A group of 52 liver transplant patients was prospectively randomized to receive prophylactic immunosuppressive therapy consisting of either Orthoclone OKT3 for 14 days, azathioprine, and steroids (25 patients); or cyclosporine, azathioprine, and steroids (27 patients). The groups were similarly matched for age, diagnosis, and Child's classification. The patients were studied to determine the effect of these two regimens on the incidence of rejection, infection, renal dysfunction, and mortality. Seven rejection episodes, as determined by clinical and histological criteria, occurred in seven of 25 patients (28%) receiving OKT3 compared with 18 episodes in 27 patients (67%) receiving cyclosporine during the first 14 days after transplantation (P less than 0.02). In 20% of the OKT3 patients, CD3+ levels of greater than 10% developed during therapy, and 16% of the patients developed anti-OKT3 antibodies during OKT3 treatment. Five patients were retreated with OKT3 for steroid-resistant acute rejection episodes; all had resolution of the rejection episode. Infectious complications were similar in each group. Renal function, as measured by serum creatinine, was significantly better with OKT3 than with cyclosporine (P less than 0.003) at 14 days. We conclude that prophylactic OKT3 is effective in reducing the number of early rejection episodes after liver transplantation; after 14 days the incidence of rejection is similar; reuse of OKT3 has been successful in liver transplant patients; infectious complications are similar between OKT3 and cyclosporine; and OKT3 preserves renal function better than cyclosporine and is thus indicated in patients with compromised preoperative renal function.
Basic Clinical Neuroanatomy (1997)

Illustrations demonstrating three dimensions are used to enhance the anatomical relationships readers need to be familiar with to localize lesions in patients. Concise descriptions of functional systems are used to emphasize medically important structures. Review questions are included at the end of each chapter. Lecturers - Click here to order an Inspection Copy of this title
Bayes Error Estimation Using Parzen and k-NN Procedures (1987)

The use of k nearest neighbor (k-NN) and Parzen density estimates to obtain estimates of the Bayes error is investigated under limited design set conditions. By drawing analogies between the k-NN and Parzen procedures, new procedures are suggested, and experimental results are given which indicate that these procedures yield a significant improvement over the conventional k-NN and Parzen procedures. We show that, by varying the decision threshold, many of the biases associated with the k-NN or Parzen density estimates may be compensated, and successful error estimation may be performed in spite of these biases. Experimental results are given which demonstrate the effect of kernel size and shape (Parzen), the size of k (k-NN), and the number of samples in the design set.
Transforming growth factor‐β is an autocrine mitogen for a novel androgen‐responsive murine prostatic smooth muscle cell line, PSMC1 (2000)

A prostatic smooth muscle cell line (PSMC1) was established from the dorsolateral prostate of p53 null mice. The cell line is nontumorigenic when inoculated subcutaneously, under the renal capsule or intraprostatically in syngeneic mice. These cells express α–smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), indicating their smooth muscle origin, and TGF-β significantly enhances expression of α-SMA. The cells express both androgen receptor (AR) mRNA and protein, and respond mitogenically to physiological concentrations of androgens. PSMC1 cells produce significant amounts of TGF-β, which stimulates growth by an autocrine mechanism. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increases proliferation of PSMC1 cells by promoting TGF-β secretion. Considering the significant inhibitory effect of TGF-β on prostatic epithelial cells and its stimulatory effect on the PSMC1 cells, we postulate that TGF-β produced by prostatic smooth muscle cells may have a paracrine effect on the prostatic epithelium. We also postulate that TGF-β may be involved in the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by stimulating excessive stromal proliferation. Line PSMC1 is the first reported androgen-responsive murine smooth muscle cell line. It will be useful for in vivo and in vitro experiments to study the mechanisms of androgen action on prostatic stroma and for delineating the interactions that occur between prostatic smooth muscle and epithelium that may lead to prostatic diseases such as BPH. J. Cell. Physiol. 185:416–424, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
All digital control system for a novel high frequency force sensor in non contact atomic force microscopy (2012)

A new tunable control system for frequency modulation atomic force microscope (FM-AFM) using novel high frequency force sensors is presented. It is based on a phase locked loop (PLL) to detect the frequency shift that is used for the tip-surface distance control in FM-AFM. Furthermore, an amplitude proportional integral controller (APIC) was implemented to drive the cantilever at its resonance frequency. The system can achieve very high frequency resolution (0.1Hz) within a frequency range of 20kHz to 60MHz.
Model D Carding Engine. Part 2 (1959)

研究目的前報で述べた構想に基き, 除じん作用を飛躍的に向上せしめて綿紡用梳綿機として不可欠のフラットを使用しない簡略化した梳綿機構を得るため, 研究の一段階としてまずテーカイン部の除じん性能の向上に主眼をおいて研究した.研究結果従来のテーカインローラとシリンダ間に第2テーカインローラを設け, これに特殊ガーネットワイヤを巻付けその表面針間に吸気用細隙をうがち, しかも第1テーカインとの接触部付近に開口するバキュームボックスを静止して設け, その両端を機台ドのファンの吸引側に連通せしめた.また第1テーカインド部は広く開放して特殊設計のモートナイフを置いた.これらにより上記目的に沿う適切な機構を得た.
Antialiased ray tracing by adaptive progressive refinement (1989)

We describe an antialiasing system for ray tracing based on adaptive progressive refinement. The goals of the system are to produce high quality antialiased images at a modest average sample rate, and to refine the image progressively so that the image is available in a usable form early and is refined gradually toward the final result.The method proceeds by adaptive stochastic sampling of the image plane, evaluation of the samples by ray tracing, and image reconstruction from the samples. Adaptive control of the sample generation process is driven by three basic goals: coverage of the image, location of features, and confidence in the values at a distinguished "pixel level" of resolution.A three-stage process of interpolation, filtering, and resampling is used to reconstruct a regular grid of display pixels. This reconstruction can be either batch or incremental.
Loss of a consensus splice signal in a mutant immunoglobulin gene eliminates the CH1 domain exon from the mRNA. (1984)

A series of mouse myeloma mutants, derived from a cell line of the murine MPC-11 tumor (gamma 2b, kappa), resemble human heavy-chain disease in their loss of an internal domain (exon). In these mutants, most of the gamma 2b CH1 exon was present in the nuclear RNA but was removed during splicing to form the mature cytoplasmic RNA. Amino acid sequence studies of one mutant (10.1) are consistent with the loss of the complete CH1 domain. A second mutant cell line (I17) derived from 10.1 and containing the same CH1 alteration was shown by S1 nuclease protection experiments to have an additional mRNA deletion spanning the CH2-CH3 domain boundary. This second deletion was shown to result from a genomic alteration that provided a marker for the isolation of the expressed H-chain allele. To determine the basis of the CH1 splicing defect, the 117 genome-expressed gamma 2b constant region DNA was cloned. Sequence studies showed a deletion of 99 nucleotides around the 3' end of the CH1 domain, which removed the splice site and flanking DNA, apparently causing the aberrant splicing of the RNA transcript. The sequence deleted in the mutant is flanked by short repeats of the octameric sequence CCAGCCAG in the wild-type gene. In the mutant, one copy of the repeat, in addition to the sequences between the repeats, has been lost.
Cancer-Derived Mutations in KEAP1 Impair NRF2 Degradation but not Ubiquitination (2013)

NRF2 is a transcription factor that mediates stress responses. Oncogenic mutations in NRF2 localize to one of its two binding interfaces with KEAP1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes proteasome-dependent degradation of NRF2. Somatic mutations in KEAP1 occur commonly in human cancer, where KEAP1 may function as a tumor suppressor. These mutations distribute throughout the KEAP1 protein but little is known about their functional impact. In this study, we characterized 18 KEAP1 mutations defined in a lung squamous cell carcinoma tumor set. Four mutations behaved as wild-type KEAP1, thus are likely passenger events. R554Q, W544C, N469fs, P318fs, and G333C mutations attenuated binding and suppression of NRF2 activity. The remaining mutations exhibited hypomorphic suppression of NRF2, binding both NRF2 and CUL3. Proteomic analysis revealed that the R320Q, R470C, G423V, D422N, G186R, S243C, and V155F mutations augmented the binding of KEAP1 and NRF2. Intriguingly, these "super-binder" mutants exhibited reduced degradation of NRF2. Cell-based and in vitro biochemical analyses demonstrated that despite its inability to suppress NRF2 activity, the R320Q "superbinder" mutant maintained the ability to ubiquitinate NRF2. These data strengthen the genetic interactions between KEAP1 and NRF2 in cancer and provide new insight into KEAP1 mechanics.
Disentangling wireless sensing from mesh networking (2010)

The resource demands of today's wireless mesh networking stacks hinder the progress of low-cost, low-power wireless sensor nodes. Optimizing wireless sensors means reducing costs, increasing lifetimes, and locating sensors close to the action. Adding mesh networking functions like IP routing and forwarding increases RAM and ROM requirements and demands substantial idle listening to forward others' traffic, all of which adds cost and increases power draw. We argue that an architectural separation between sensor and router, similar to what ZigBee and traditional IP networks advocate, would allow each node class to be better optimized to the task, matched to technology trends, and aligned with deployment patterns. Although trivial to implement on current platforms, for example by turning off router advertisements in an IPv6/6LoWPAN stack, reaping the full benefits of this approach requires evolving platform designs and revisiting the link and network layers of the stack. We examine the resulting implications on the system architecture.
The DEKA Arm (2013)

The DEKA Arm is an advanced upper limb prosthesis, not yet available for commercial use. It has functionality that surpasses currently available technology. This manuscript describes the features and functionality of two prototypes of the DEKA Arm, the Gen 2 and the Gen 3.
Advances in therapy with antileukotriene drugs. (2004)

Evidence from clinical trials and experience derived from managing patients with asthma justify a broader role for leukotriene (LT) blockers in asthma management than that recommended by the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program and the NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute treatment guidelines. Many published clinical trials, reviews, and case reports have suggested important new applications of LT blockers (ie, montelukast, zafirlukast, pranlukast, and zileuton) in several diseases in which leukotrienes play a pathogenic role. These include paranasal sinus disease, allergic fungal sinusitis, migraine, chronic urticaria, atopic dermatitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic conjunctivitis, mastocytosis, bronchiolitis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial cystitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. Although double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed to confirm the effects that these drugs may have in these diseases, the aim of this short review is to delineate the future roles that these drugs may have in the management of these conditions.