gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia augments apnea-induced peripheral vasoconstriction in humans (2001)

Obstructive apnea and voluntary breath holding are associated with transient increases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and arterial pressure. The contribution of changes in blood flow relative to the contribution of changes in vascular resistance to the apnea-induced transient rise in arterial pressure is unclear. We measured heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), MSNA (peroneal microneurography), and femoral artery blood velocity (V(FA), Doppler) in humans during voluntary end-expiratory apnea while they were exposed to room air, hypoxia (10.5% inspiratory fraction of O2), and hyperoxia (100% inspiratory fraction of O2). Changes from baseline of leg blood flow (Q) and vascular resistance (R) were estimated from the following relationships: Q proportional to V(FA), corrected for the heart rate, and R proportional to MAP/Q. During apnea, MSNA rose; this rise in MSNA was followed by a rise in MAP, which peaked a few seconds after resumption of breathing. Responses of MSNA and MAP to apnea were greatest during hypoxia and smallest during hyperoxia (P < 0.05 for both compared with room air breathing). Similarly, apnea was associated with a decrease in Q and an increase in R. The decrease in Q was greatest during hypoxia and smallest during hyperoxia (-25 +/- 3 vs. -6 +/- 4%, P < 0.05), and the increase in R was the greatest during hypoxia and the least during hyperoxia (60 +/- 8 vs. 21 +/- 6%, P < 0.05). Thus voluntary apnea is associated with vasoconstriction, which is in part mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Because apnea-induced vasoconstriction is most intense during hypoxia and attenuated during hyperoxia, it appears to depend at least in part on stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors.
Universal strategies for the DNA-encoding of libraries of small molecules using the chemical ligation of oligonucleotide tags (2014)

The affinity-mediated selection of large libraries of DNA-encoded small molecules is increasingly being used to initiate drug discovery programs. We present universal methods for the encoding of such libraries using the chemical ligation of oligonucleotides. These methods may be used to record the chemical history of individual library members during combinatorial synthesis processes. We demonstrate three different chemical ligation methods as examples of information recording processes (writing) for such libraries and two different cDNA-generation methods as examples of information retrieval processes (reading) from such libraries. The example writing methods include uncatalyzed and Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloadditions and a novel photochemical thymidine-psoralen cycloaddition. The first reading method "relay primer-dependent bypass" utilizes a relay primer that hybridizes across a chemical ligation junction embedded in a fixed-sequence and is extended at its 3'-terminus prior to ligation to adjacent oligonucleotides. The second reading method "repeat-dependent bypass" utilizes chemical ligation junctions that are flanked by repeated sequences. The upstream repeat is copied prior to a rearrangement event during which the 3'-terminus of the cDNA hybridizes to the downstream repeat and polymerization continues. In principle these reading methods may be used with any ligation chemistry and offer universal strategies for the encoding (writing) and interpretation (reading) of DNA-encoded chemical libraries.
Cell division in Escherichia coli minB mutants (1992)

In Escherichia coli minB mutants, cell division can take place at the cell poles as well as non-polarly in the cell. We have examined growth, division patterns, and nucleoid distribution in individual cells of a minC point mutant and a minB deletion mutant, and compared them to the corresponding wild-type strain and an intR1 strain in which the chromosome is over-replicated. The main findings were as follows. In the minB mutants, polar and non-polar divisions appeared to occur independently of each other. Furthermore, the timing of cell division in the cell cycle was found to be severely affected. In addition, nucleoid conformation and distribution were considerably disturbed. The results obtained call for a re-evaluation of the role of the MinB system in the E. coli cell cycle, and of the concept that limiting quanta of cell division factors are regularly produced during the cell cycle.
A novel capacitor-less DRAM cell using thin capacitively-coupled thyristor (TCCT) (2005)

A capacitor-less DRAM cell using a thin capacitively-coupled thyristor (TCCT DRAM) is introduced. Experimental results from unit memory cell fabricated in a 130nm SOI logic technology demonstrate Ion/Ioff ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> , non-destructive read; write speed less than 2ns at 125C, and solid retention characteristics. These cell characteristics combined with a small cell area (as low as 9F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and simple process integration make TCCT DRAM a suitable candidate for high-performance high-density embedded or standalone memory applications
[Evaluation of the fluidifying effect on nasal mucus of physiologic solution combined with increasing concentrations of polysorbates]. (1992)

Nasal decongestants are widely used in the treatment of rhinitis. Decongestant drugs are one of the main components, but numerous reports gave been made concerning side, local and general effects. The problem is particularly important in the treatment of infantile rhinitis for which the use of saline solution alone is often preferred. The paper evaluates the fluidifying action of a saline solution and polysorbate 20, a tensioactive molecule, on nasal mucous. Changes in mucous viscosity were assessed using a "filancemeter" and thromboelastograph. At the same time a clinical study on the efficacy of treatment and the possible presence of side effects was carried out in a population of rhinitic subjects. The study highlighted the fluidifying effect of the preparation on nasal mucous and the complete absence of side effects.
Functional Genomics Analysis of theSaccharomyces cerevisiaeIron Responsive Transcription Factor Aft1 Reveals Iron-Independent Functions (2010)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor Aft1 is activated in iron-deficient cells to induce the expression of iron regulon genes, which coordinate the increase of iron uptake and remodel cellular metabolism to survive low-iron conditions. In addition, Aft1 has been implicated in numerous cellular processes including cell-cycle progression and chromosome stability; however, it is unclear if all cellular effects of Aft1 are mediated through iron homeostasis. To further investigate the cellular processes affected by Aft1, we identified >70 deletion mutants that are sensitive to perturbations in AFT1 levels using genome-wide synthetic lethal and synthetic dosage lethal screens. Our genetic network reveals that Aft1 affects a diverse range of cellular processes, including the RIM101 pH pathway, cell-wall stability, DNA damage, protein transport, chromosome stability, and mitochondrial function. Surprisingly, only a subset of mutants identified are sensitive to extracellular iron fluctuations or display genetic interactions with mutants of iron regulon genes AFT2 or FET3. We demonstrate that Aft1 works in parallel with the RIM101 pH pathway and the role of Aft1 in DNA damage repair is mediated by iron. In contrast, through both directed studies and microarray transcriptional profiling, we show that the role of Aft1 in chromosome maintenance and benomyl resistance is independent of its iron regulatory role, potentially through a nontranscriptional mechanism.
Bias stress stability of indium gallium zinc oxide channel based transparent thin film transistors (2008)

The effects of bias stress on transistor performance are important when considering nontraditional channel materials for thin film transistors. Applying a gate bias stress to indium gallium zinc oxide transparent thin film transistors was found to induce a parallel threshold voltage shift without changing the field effect mobility or the subthreshold gate voltage swing. The threshold voltage change is logarithmically dependent on the duration of the bias stress implying a charge tunneling mechanism resulting in trapped negative charge screening the applied gate voltage.
Nation in conversation : opportunities for farmers in Africa : agribusiness update (2016)

Why are great numbers of farmers leaving South Africa for the metaphorical greener pastures in other SADC countries?
Interconnection of a photovoltaic panels array to a single-phase utility line from a static conversion system (2002)

This paper presents the analysis of a static conversion system for treatment of the solar energy from photovoltaic panels. This system is interconnected with the mains power supply, contributing to the generation of the electrical energy. The power structure is composed of a current-fed push-pull converter, a buck converter, and a current inverter. The main features of the system are: simple control strategy, robustness, lower harmonic distortion of the current and natural isolation. The principle of operation, design procedure and experimental results are presented.
An Approach to Photolabile, Fluorescent Protecting Groups (1997)

The photolabile and fluorescent system 1 was prepared via a convergent route which involved thymidine 3‘-functionalized with a proline residue. Photodecomposition of 1 was examined using 360 nm irradiation. Without any additives, 5‘-silylated thymidine was not formed, but the Nα-deprotected cyclization precursor II accumulated instead. However, in the presence of ethanolamine, 5‘-silylated thymidine formed at a rate which increases with the concentration of ethanolamine.
Studies in Intravascular Coagulation (1955)

A method has been previously described whereby the infusion of canine serun and serum fractions rich in convertin, but essentially devoid of thromboplastin, prothrombin, ac-globulin and thrombin, initiates venous thrombosis in dogs at sites of partial or complete venous stasis far removed from the site of infusion. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis in various clinical states may be referable to local stasis combined with a transient increase in circulating convertin activity. The present study demonstrates that heparin is superior to dicumarol in inhibiting the evolution of such serum-induced intravascular thrombi in dogs.
Demonstration of Two Distinct Antigens in Spent Tissue Culture Medium of a Human Malignant Melanoma Cell Line<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref> (1979)

Spent tissue culture medium was used to define and isolate antigens associated with cultured human malignant melanoma cells (UCLA-SO-M14) grown in a serum-free, chemically defined medium (CDM). Antigenic activities of the spent CDM (M14-CDM) were monitored by complement fixation (CF) and Immune adherence. Allogeneic melanoma sera containing antibodies to oncofetal antigen (OFA) and tumor-associated antigen (TAA) were the source of specific antisera. The crude concentrated M14-CDM contained OFA and TAA. Extraction of partially purified M14-CDM with chloroform: methanol (C:M) separated OFA and TAA into C:M-insoluble and CM-soluble fractions, respectively. When tested by CF, 82% (74/90) of the melanoma sera reacted against the crude concentrated M14-CDM. In contrast, only 40% (36/90) and 29% (26/90) of these melanoma sera were reactive to the C:M-insoluble and C:M-soluble fractions, respectively. Absorption of the 90 melanoma sera with cultured lymphoblastoid cells from the melanoma serum donor (M14 melanoma cell line) reduced the positive incidence against concentrated M14-CDM to 58% (52/90), whereas reactions against the C:M fractions were almost unaffected. Of the 90 absorbed melanoma sera, 21% (19/90) reacted against the CM-insoluble (OFA) fraction but not against the C:M-soluble (TAA) fraction. Conversely, only 10% (9/90) of the sera reacted against TAA but not against OFA. About 19% (17/90) of the sera contained antibodies to both antigens. These results suggest that two distinct antigens, OFA and TAA, were separated from spent tissue culture medium of M14 cells.
Engineering traditional monolignols out of lignin by concomitant up-regulation of F5H1 and down-regulation of COMT in Arabidopsis (2010)

Lignin engineering is a promising strategy to optimize lignocellulosic plant biomass for use as a renewable feedstock for agro-industrial applications. Current efforts focus on engineering lignin with monomers that are not normally incorporated into wild-type lignins. Here we describe an Arabidopsis line in which the lignin is derived to a major extent from a non-traditional monomer. The combination of mutation in the gene encoding caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (comt) with over-expression of ferulate 5-hydroxylase under the control of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase promoter (C4H:F5H1) resulted in plants with a unique lignin comprising almost 92% benzodioxane units. In addition to biosynthesis of this particular lignin, the comt C4H:F5H1 plants revealed massive shifts in phenolic metabolism compared to the wild type. The structures of 38 metabolites that accumulated in comt C4H:F51 plants were resolved by mass spectral analyses, and were shown to derive from 5-hydroxy-substituted phenylpropanoids. These metabolites probably originate from passive metabolism via existing biochemical routes normally used for 5-methoxylated and 5-unsubstituted phenylpropanoids and from active detoxification by hexosylation. Transcripts of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were highly up-regulated in comt C4H:F5H1 plants, indicating feedback regulation within the pathway. To investigate the role of flavonoids in the abnormal growth of comt C4H:F5H1 plants, a mutation in a gene encoding chalcone synthase (chs) was crossed in. The resulting comt C4H:F5H1 chs plants showed partial restoration of growth. However, a causal connection between flavonoid deficiency and this restoration of growth was not demonstrated; instead, genetic interactions between phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis could explain the partial restoration. These genetic interactions must be taken into account in future cell-wall engineering strategies.
Activation of interleukin‐ 1β by a co‐induced protease (1989)

The proteolytic generation of mature interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) from its inactive precursor does not proceed by a conventional pathway for hormonal processing. Pro-IL-1 beta is found dispersed in the cytoplasm, and there are no basic amino acid residues or other commonly recognized processing sites adjoining the mature N-terminus. Processing appears to occur during release of the hormone. In the present study, we have identified a specific protease that generates mature IL-1 beta from the precursor. This enzyme is co-induced with the hormone, and it differs in its cleavage specificity and inhibitor sensitivity from all known proteases.
Distribution of surfactant and ventilation in surfactant-treated preterm lambs (1994)

Surfactant-deficient ventilated preterm lambs were treated with 100 mg/kg of surfactant radiolabeled with microspheres at 30 min and 2.5 h of age to evaluate the effect of treatment technique on surfactant distribution. The treatments were four positions with four boluses (bolus 4), two lateral positions with two boluses (bolus 2), or a 30-min infusion (infusion). The bolus groups had uniform surfactant distributions to the > 100 pieces analyzed for each lung. Infusion resulted in a very nonuniform surfactant distribution (P < 0.01). Surfactant was recovered equivalently in all lobes of the bolus groups, whereas infusion lungs contained surfactant preferentially in upper lobes (P < 0.01). The second dose of surfactant localized into the same lung doses as the first dose (P < 0.001). Blood flow increased proportionately to surfactant content in the bolus groups. With infusion, blood flow decreased and ventilation measured with 99Tc-labeled aerosol increased to pieces of lung receiving large amounts of the infusion surfactant, suggesting that localized overinflation was likely. Physiological measurements indicated better responses to bolus treatments, although the infusion lambs did improve. These results indicate that different treatment techniques can have large effects on surfactant distributions.
Copper deficiency induced by tetrathiomolybdate suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis. (2002)

Copper plays an essential role in promoting angiogenesis. Tumors that become angiogenic acquire the ability to enter a phase of rapid growth and exhibit increased metastatic potential, the major cause of morbidity in cancer patients. We report that copper deficiency induced by tetrathiomolybdate (TM) significantly impairs tumor growth and angiogenesis in two animal models of breast cancer: an inflammatory breast cancer xenograft in nude mice and Her2/neu cancer-prone transgenic mice. In vitro, TM decreases the production of five proangiogenic mediators: (a) vascular endothelial growth factor; (b) fibroblast growth factor 2/basic fibroblast growth factor; (c) interleukin (IL)-1alpha; (d) IL-6; and (e) IL-8. In addition, TM inhibits vessel network formation and suppresses nuclear factor (NF)kappaB levels and transcriptional activity. Our study suggests that a major mechanism of the antiangiogenic effect of copper deficiency induced by TM is suppression of NFkappaB, contributing to a global inhibition of NFkappaB-mediated transcription of proangiogenic factors.
Body Area Channel Modeling (2012)

This chapter generalizes both the on-body and in-body channel models into the path loss model and impulse response multipath channel model for UWB, MICS and HBC bands.
Construction of a 750-kb bacterial clone contig and restriction map in the region of human chromosome 21 containing the progressive myoclonus epilepsy gene. (1996)

The gene responsible for progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Unverricht-Lundborg type (EPM1) is located on human chromosome 21q22.3 in a region defined by recombination breakpoints and linkage disequilibrium. As part of an effort to clone the EPM1 gene on the basis of its chromosomal location, we have constructed a 753-kb bacterial clone contig that encompasses the region containing the gene. Because DNA markers from the region did not identify intact yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones after screening several libraries, we built the contig from cosmid clones and used bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and bacteriophage P1 clones to fill gaps. In addition to constructing the clone contig, we determined the locations of the EcoRI, SacII, EagI, and NotI restriction sites in the clones, resulting in a high-resolution restriction map of the region. Most of the contig is represented by a level of redundancy that allows the orders of most restriction sites to be determined, provides multiple data points supporting the clone orders and orientations, and allows a set of clones with a minimum degree of overlap to be chosen for efficient additional analysis. The clone and restriction maps are in excellent agreement with maps generated of the region by other methods. These ordered bacterial clones and the mapping information obtained from them provide valuable reagents for isolating candidate genes for EPM1, as well as for determining the nucleotide sequence of a 750 kb region of the human genome.
Interaction between Trehalose and Alkaline-Earth Metal Ions (2005)

We investigated the interaction between trehalose and alkaline-earth metal ions. The nuclear relaxation times of carbon atoms of trehalose were shortened by addition of the alkaline-earth chloride salts, MgCl2, CaCl2, and SrCl2, indicating that trehalose formed metal-complexes with the alkaline-earth metal chlorides. From the data of the 1H-1H coupling constants of trehalose in the presence of the alkaline-earth chlorides, it appeared that trehalose formed complexes with MgCl2, and CaCl2 at the various complexing sites: Mg2+ was coordinated to O-4 and O-4' of trehalose, and Ca2+ to O-2 and O-3. We succeeded in the preparation of two types of crystals of the trehalose/CaCl2. One was a crystal consisting of trehalose, CaCl2, and water in a ratio of 1:1:1. The other was an anhydrous crystal containing trehalose and CaCl2 in a ratio of 1:2. Several applications of the complexing between trehalose and the metal ions for food processing are proposed.
Absorption of di- and trivalent iron. Experimental evidence. (1987)

The present experiments were carried out on normal and iron deficient rats which were fed low iron diet and bled several times; the haemoglobin content of blood of normal rats was in the range of 12-14 g/dl, that of iron deficient rats between 6 and 8 g/dl. Iron was administered by a gastric tube and the retention of the radioactively labelled 59Fe-iron compounds was measured on the 6th day after the administration. There is no difference of the absorption of divalent and trivalent iron provided iron is administered in ionized form. This is possible when the iron solution administered is of pH less than 2.5. Since the pH values of gastric juice is in the same order of magnitude, this procedure is hardly to be called unphysiological. The decisive role of pH for the bioavailability of iron ions can be derived from an experiment with cobaltous ions that, in the range of physiological pH values, cannot be hydrolysed. Therefore, no difference of the retention of cobaltous ions was measured regardless whether the solution administered into a tied-off jejunal loop was of pH 2 or 5.5. The administration of either divalent or trivalent iron ions together with food to normal rats is followed by a slight decrease of the amount of iron retained. However, this difference of retention disappears when the ionized iron is administered to fed iron deficient rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Zum Einfluß von Ameisensäure auf die Konzentrationen an Ammoniak und biogenen Aminen im Gastrointestinaltrakt (1992)

Zusammenfassung Insgesamt 45 Kreuzungsferkel (DL × P) wurden nach einem 41‐tägigen Wachstumsversuch geschlachtet und der Inhalt des Magens, Dünndarms, Caecums und Colons gewonnen. Es wurde der Einfluß von Ameisensäure‐Zulagen auf die Ammoniakgehalte im Verdauungstrakt sowie die Konzentrationen an den biogenen Aminen Cadaverin, Putrescin, Spermidin und Spermin im Dünndarm und Caecum untersucht. Neben einer Negativkontrolle wurde dem Futter Ameisensäure in einer Dosierung von 0,6%, 1,2%, 1,8% und 2,4% zugelegt. Der Ammoniakgehalt im Magen wurde durch alle Ameisensäure‐Dosierungen signifikant erniedrigt. Im Dünndarm‐ und Coloninhalt war durch 0,6 und 1,2% Ameisensäure eine deutliche Verminderung feststellbar. Die Ammoniakgehalte im Caecum waren durch Ameisensäure nicht beeinflußt. Die Konzentrationen an biogenen Aminen streuten insgesamt sehr stark und waren im Dünndarm durch die Ameisensäure‐Zulagen nicht verändert. Im Caecum konnten die Cadaverin‐, Putrescin‐ und Spermidingehalte reduziert werden. Signifikant niedrigere Spermidinkonzentrationen wurden dabei in der 2,4% Ameisensäure‐Gruppe ermittelt. Im Caecuminhalt wurden sehr niedrige Sperminkonzentrationen gemessen.