gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated imaging of extended tissue volumes using confocal microscopy (2005)

Confocal microscopy enables constitutive elements of cells and tissues to be viewed at high resolution and reconstructed in three dimensions, but is constrained by the limited extent of the volumes that can be imaged. We have developed an automated technique that enables serial confocal images to be acquired over large tissue areas and volumes. The computer-controlled system, which integrates a confocal microscope and an ultramill using a high-precision translation stage, inherently preserves specimen registration, and the user control interface enables flexible specification of imaging protocols over a wide range of scales and resolutions. With this system it is possible to reconstruct specified morphological features in three dimensions and locate them accurately throughout a tissue sample. We have successfully imaged various samples at 1-mum voxel resolution on volumes up to 4 mm3 and on areas up to 75 mm2. Used in conjunction with appropriate embedding media and immuno-histochemical probes, the techniques described in this paper make it possible to routinely map the distributions of key intracellular structures over much larger tissue domains than has been easily achievable in the past.
Eslicarbazepine Acetate: A New Improvement on a Classic Drug Family for the Treatment of Partial-Onset Seizures (2017)

Eslicarbazepine acetate is a new anti-epileptic drug belonging to the dibenzazepine carboxamide family that is currently approved as adjunctive therapy and monotherapy for partial-onset (focal) seizures. The drug enhances slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels and subsequently reduces the activity of rapidly firing neurons. Eslicarbazepine acetate has few, but some, drug-drug interactions. It is a weak enzyme inducer and it inhibits cytochrome P450 2C19, but it affects a smaller assortment of enzymes than carbamazepine. Clinical studies using eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive treatment or monotherapy have demonstrated its efficacy in patients with refractory or newly diagnosed focal seizures. The drug is generally well tolerated, and the most common side effects include dizziness, headache, and diplopia. One of the greatest strengths of eslicarbazepine acetate is its ability to be administered only once per day. Eslicarbazepine acetate has many advantages over older anti-epileptic drugs, and it should be strongly considered when treating patients with partial-onset epilepsy.
LFA-3, CD44, and CD45: Physiologic Triggers of Human Monocyte TNF and IL-1 Release (1990)

The monocyte-derived cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), are central regulators of the immune response, but the physiologic stimuli for their release remain largely undefined. Engagement of three monocyte glycoproteins, LFA-3, CD44, and CD45, by specific monoclonal antibodies immobilized on plastic induced TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta release. In addition, TNF-alpha was released when monocyte LFA-3 bound immobilized, purified CD2, which is its physiologic receptor. Thus, a receptor-ligand interaction that mediates cell-cell adhesion can transmit the necessary signals for the release of monokines.
TiO2thin films prepared by sol – gel method (2009)

There is a growing awareness that titania (TiO2) and TiO2-based oxide systems are the most promising candidates for the development of photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) for solar-hydrogen production [1]. The PEC is equipped with a single photoelectrode (photoanode) and cathode, both of which are immersed in an aqueous electrolyte. In this work we present a sol-gel method to prepare TiO2 thin films on ITO using tetraisopropoxides of titanium, acetylacetone, 1-butanol and Tween 80 as surfactant. The films were deposited on ITO coated glass slides by spray pyrolysis. UV-VIS spectra and fluorescence measurements were made for the solutions and films. X-ray diffraction was used for structural investigations and the morphology of the film was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy.
The Cell Wall Characterization at Immature and Mature Stages of Arabidopsis thaliana L. (2004)

Glucose contents of Arabidopsis at immature and mature stages were 22.06 and 32.80%, and those of xylose were 5.23 and 11.87%, respectively. Mature-staged Arabidopsis gave high yields of vanillin [31.11 mg · g −1 of cell wall residue (CWR)] and syringaldehyde (12.93 mg · g −1 of CWR) as G and S units of lignin, respectively, by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO), while p-hydorxybenzaldehyde (1.36 mg ·g −1 of CWR) as H unit was predominant at immature stage with low amounts of G (0.83 mg · g −1 of CWR) and S units. NBO results revealed deposition of monolignols is in the order of H, G,
Real-time liquid biopsies become a reality in cancer treatment. (2015)

Certain fragments of DNA shed by tumours into the bloodstream can potentially be used to non-invasively screen for early-stage cancers, monitor responses to treatment and help explain why some cancers are resistant to therapies. For most tumours, a tissue biopsy is quite challenging in that it is costly, painful, or potentially risky for the patient. All these are good reasons to learn about cancer through blood and to get excited about the possibility of carrying out liquid biopsies. The development of non-invasive methods to detect and monitor tumours continues to be a major challenge in oncology.
Dynamics of ablation plume particles generated during excimer laser corneal ablation (1995)

The finding of a non-evolving plume composed of water spherules, combined with the excellent agreement between total volume of water in the plume and the content of water in the ablated corneal tissue, support the concept of photodecomposition or "cold ablation" for corneal tissue during ArF excimer laser ablation.
Floating Body DRAM Characteristics of Silicon-On-ONO (SOONO) Devices for System-on-Chip (SoC) Applications (2007)

We completed the demonstration of three key functions of SOONO devices by demonstrating the DRAM characteristics of FD and PD SOONO devices successfully, together with the previously reported logic transistor and flash memory characteristics. Floating body SOONO DRAM cells implemented on electrically thin buried insulator shows the large sensing margins more than 5μA in FD device with long data retention and nondestructive read even at the W/L of 60/55nm which is the smallest IT DRAM ever reported.
Dose-Response Pharmacology of Intrathecal Morphine in Human Volunteers (1993)

ITMS produced dose-related analgesia and respiratory depression in nonsurgical healthy, young, adult male volunteers. Respiratory depression was significant after 0.2 or 0.4 mg and profound and prolonged after 0.6 mg. No clinical signs or symptoms, including respiratory rate, reliably indicated hypoxemia. Pulse oximetry reliably detected hypoxemia after ITMS, and supplemental nasal oxygen (2 L/min) effectively corrected this hypoxemia.
In Vivo and In Vitro Analyses of Regulation of the Pheromone-Responsive prgQ Promoter by the PrgX Pheromone Receptor Protein (2012)

Expression of conjugative transfer and virulence functions of the Enterococcus faecalis antibiotic resistance plasmid pCF10 is regulated by the interaction of the pheromone receptor protein PrgX with two DNA binding operator sites (XBS1 and XBS2) upstream from the transcription start site of the prgQ operon (encoding the pCF10 transfer machinery) and by posttranscriptional mechanisms. Occupancy of both binding sites by PrgX dimers results in repression of the prgQ promoter. Structural and genetic studies suggest that the peptide pheromone cCF10 functions by binding to PrgX and altering its oligomerization state, resulting in reduced occupancy of XBSs and increased prgQ transcription. The DNA binding activity of PrgX has additional indirect regulatory effects on prgQ transcript levels related to the position of the convergently transcribed prgX operon. This has complicated interpretation of previous analyses of the control of prgQ expression by PrgX. We report here the results of in vivo and in vitro experiments examining the direct effects of PrgX on transcription from the prgQ promoter, as well as quantitative correlation between the concentrations of XBSs, PrgX protein, and prgQ promoter activity in vivo. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift assays and quantitative analysis of prgQ transcription in vitro and in vivo support the predicted roles of the PrgX DNA binding sites in prgQ transcription regulation. The results also suggest the existence of other factors that impede PrgX repression or enhance its antagonism by cCF10 in vivo.
[Serologic testing of hepatitis C virus infection]. (1998)

We tested anti-HCV, anti-HCV IgM and HCV-RNA in serum samples from general adults, blood donors, acute hepatitis patients and liver cirrhosis patients by the methods of ELISA and RT-PCR so as to study the relationship among serum markers. Results showed that the detected positive rates of anti-HCV are 3.57%, 8.58%, 6.25% and 48.38% in normal adults, blood donors, acute hepatitis patients and liver cirrhosis patients respectively; agreement rates between anti-HCV and HCV RNA are 11.43%, 61.11%, 80.0%, and 73.33% in the four groups of people above; agreement rates between anti-HCV IgM and HCV RNA are 75.0%, 90.9% 81.81% and 100% in the same groups of people. Authors pointed out that anti-HCV IgM is superior to anti-HCV in the aspect of revealing HCV viremia. In comparison with RT-PCR, testing anti-HCV IgM is easier and does not need special instruments, so it is suitable to develop in the basic hygiene units. Testing anti-HCV IgM instead of anti-HCV, the morbidity of post-transfusion hepatitis C can be decreased further.
Vesnarinone, a new inotropic agent, inhibits cytokine production by stimulated human blood from patients with heart failure. (1994)

Although the number of study patients was small and the results are preliminary, these findings provide evidence that vesnarinone plays an important role in the regulation of cytokines and suggest that the reduction of cytokine release may contribute to the beneficial effects of the drug in the treatment of heart failure. Furthermore, the measurement of cytokines may be useful in predicting the occurrence of neutropenia, which has been occasionally reported in patients treated with vesnarinone.
Reversal of Diabetes Insipidus in Brattleboro Rats: Intrahypothalamic Injection of Vasopressin mRNA (1992)

Messenger RNAs occur within the axons of magnocellular hypothalamic neurons known to secrete oxytocin and vasopressin. In Brattleboro rats, which have a genetic mutation that renders them incapable of vasopressin expression and secretion and thus causes diabetes insipidus, injection into the hypothalamus of purified mRNAs from normal rat hypothalami or of synthetic copies of the vasopressin mRNA leads to selective uptake, retrograde transport, and expression of vasopressin exclusively in the magnocellular neurons. Temporary reversal of their diabetes insipidus (for up to 5 days) can be observed within hours of the injection. Intra-axonal mRNAs may represent an additional category of chemical signals for neurons.
Kinetics of FKBP12.6 Binding to Ryanodine Receptors in Permeabilized Cardiac Myocytes and Effects on Ca Sparks (2010)

Only 10% to 20% of endogenous myocyte RyR2s have FKBP12.6 associated, but virtually all myocyte FKBP12.6 is RyR2-bound (because of very high affinity). FKBP12.6 but not FKBP12 inhibits basal RyR2 activity. PKA-dependent RyR2 phosphorylation has no significant effect on binding of either FKBP12 or 12.6 to RyR2 in myocytes.
High Energy Ball Mill에 의해 제조된 75w -25Cu 의 치밀화 거동에 관한 연구 (1993)

Solid and liquid phase sintering behaviors of ball-milled 75W-25Cu have been studied by using a dilatometry technique. The ball-milled 75W-25Cu was prepared by high energetic ball milling under argon atmosphere of 1 atm with duration times of 50 to 400 hrs. The sintering was performed in the dilatometer under flowing hydrogen atmosphere with a heating rate of 3℃/min. To compare with the ball milled 75W-25Cu, blended 75W-25Cu was also prepared and sintered. Sintering shrinkage, dl/1, increased with increasing milling time from 50 to 400 hrs. The shrinkage versus temperature plots of the ball-milled 75W-25Cu can be divided into three regions, while for that of the blended 75W-25Cu two regions. The characteristics of ball-milled 75W-25Cu were analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The considerable grain growth of W particles was observed during the liquid phase sintering of the ball-milled 75W-25Cu. From these results, the solid and liquid phase sintering behaviors were discussed in terms of the size, the stored energy, and the distribution of W and Cu particles embedded in the ball-milled 75W-25Cu composite powders. (Received August 18, 1992)
Sequence-specific double-strand cleavage of DNA by penta-N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide-EDTA X Fe(II). (1983)

In the presence of O2 and 5 mM dithiothreitol, penta-N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide-EDTA X Fe(II) [P5E X Fe(II)] at 0.5 microM cleaves pBR322 plasmid DNA (50 microM in base pairs) on opposite strands to afford discrete DNA fragments as analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. High-resolution denaturing gel electrophoresis of a 32P-end-labeled 517-base-pair restriction fragment containing a major cleavage site reveals that P5E X Fe(II) cleaves 3-5 base pairs contiguous to a 6-base-pair sequence, 5'-T-T-T-T-T-A-3' (4,323-4,328 base pairs). The major binding orientation of the pentapeptide occurs with the amino terminus at the adenine side of this sequence. In the presence of 5 mM dithiothreitol, 0.01 microM P5E X Fe(II) converts form I pBR322 DNA at 0.22 microM plasmid (1.0 mM in base pairs) to 40% form II, indicating the cleavage reaction is catalytic, turning over a minimum of nine times. This synthetic molecule achieves double-strand cleavage of DNA (pH 7.9, 25 degrees C) at the 6-base-pair recognition level and may provide an approach to the design of "artificial restriction enzymes".
Combination Gemcitabine and Docetaxel Therapy in Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas (2001)

This regimen is well tolerated and appears to have a significant objective response rate. Gemcitabine and docetaxel antitumor effects are additive in vitro, which may help to explain the response rate.
A re-examination of the fate of glyceride-glycerol in neutral lipid absorption and transport (1982)

Conventional ideas concerning the unidirectional movement of triacylglycerol from intestinal lumen to lymph with sn-2-monoacylglycerol being the major glyceride-glycerol precursor were challenged by our finding that steady state specific activities of radiolabeled triacylglycerol (glyceryl moiety) in the intestinal mucosa and lumen were greatly reduced as compared to the specific activity of intraduodenally infused triacylglycerol. Investigation of the point at which the radiolabel was diluted was performed in mesenteric lymph duct-cannulated rats with a duodenal cannula through which trioleoyl[3H]glycerol was constantly infused. Both within the bowel lumen and in the intestinal mucosa, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol specific activities were 31% or less of the specific activity of the infusate; chylomicron triacylglycerol specific activity was 75%. Efflux of neutral lipid from the mucosa into the bowel lumen was directly demonstrated by finding that when 3H glucose was injected intraperitoneally during triolein infusion, luminal triacylglycerol had a higher specific activity than was present in the mucosa. We conclude that there are two pools of mucosal triacylglycerol. One is rapidly transported and derives most of its glyceride-glycerol from luminal monoacylglycerol. The second is slowly transported; it derives its glyceride-glycerol mainly from endogenous sources and may efflux back into the bowel lumen.
Mechanisms Regulating Skin Pigmentation: The Rise and Fall of Complexion Coloration (2009)

Skin pigmentary abnormalities are seen as aesthetically unfavorable and have led to the development of cosmetic and therapeutic treatment modalities of varying efficacy. Hence, several putative depigmenting agents aimed at modulating skin pigmentation are currently being researched or sold in commercially available products. In this review we will discuss the regulation of processes that control skin complexion coloration. This includes direct inhibition of tyrosinase and related melanogenic enzymes, regulation of melanocyte homeostasis, alteration of constitutive and facultative pigmentation and down-regulation of melanosome transfer to the keratinocytes. These various processes, in the complex mechanism of skin pigmentation, can be regulated individually or concomitantly to alter complexion coloration and thus ameliorate skin complexion diseases.
Population variation of human mtDNA control region sequences detected by enzymatic amplification and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. (1991)

A method for detecting sequence variation of hypervariable segments of the mtDNA control region was developed. The technique uses hybridization of sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probes to DNA sequences that have been amplified by PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the two hypervariable segments of the mtDNA control region from 52 individuals were determined; these sequences were then used to define nine regions suitable for SSO typing. A total of 23 SSO probes were used to detect sequence variants at these nine regions in 525 individuals from five ethnic groups (African, Asian, Caucasian, Japanese, and Mexican). The SSO typing revealed an enormous amount of variability, with 274 mtDNA types observed among these 525 individuals and with diversity values, for each population, exceeding .95. For each of the nine mtDNA regions significant differences in the frequencies of sequence variants were observed between these five populations. The mtDNA SSO-typing system was successfully applied to a case involving individual identification of skeletal remains; the probability of a random match was approximately 0.7%. The potential useful applications of this mtDNA SSO-typing system thus include the analysis of individual identity as well as population genetic studies.
Signal-dependent translocation of simian virus 40 large-T antigen into rat liver nuclei in a cell-free system. (1987)

An in vitro nuclear translocation system is described in which isolated rat liver nuclei were incubated in a defined buffered medium containing radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled exogenous proteins. The nuclei were rapidly recovered, extracted, and analyzed for the presence of associated radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled proteins. The isolated nuclei exhibited the same specificity for protein uptake as seen previously in vivo, accumulating simian virus 40 wild-type large-T antigen and p53 while excluding a cytoplasmic variant of large-T antigen (d10) and bovine serum albumin. The rapid nuclear accumulation of wild-type large-T antigen was shown to be selective and dependent upon the recognition of a wild-type nuclear location signal, ATP and temperature dependent, and unidirectional. Taken together, the data suggest that in our in vitro system the nuclear translocation of wild-type large-T antigen exhibits some of the characteristics of an active transport process.
Comments on "Towards a framework for software measurement validation" (1997)

A view of software measurement that disagrees with the model presented by Kitchenham, Pfleeger, and Fenton (1995), is given. Whereas Kitchenham et al. argue that properties used to define measures should not constrain the scale type of measures, the authors contend that that is an inappropriate restriction. In addition, a misinterpretation of Weyuker's (1988) properties is noted.
Micromachined Transducers Sourcebook (1998)

1 Introduction and Overview2 Micromachining Techniques3 Mechanical Transducers4 Optical Transducers5 Ionizing Radiation Transducers6 Thermal Transducers7 Magnetic & Electromagnetic Transducers8 Chemical & Biological Transducers9 Microfluidic Devices
Exploring bimanual camera control and object manipulation in 3D graphics interfaces (1999)

We explore the use of the non-dominant hand to control a virtual camera while the dominant hand performs other tasks in a virtual 3D scene. Two experiments and an informal study are presented which evaluate this interaction style by comparing it to the status-quo unimanual interaction. In the first experiment, we find that for a target selection task, performance using the bimanual technique was 20% faster. Experiment 2 compared performance in a more complicated object docking task. Performance advantages are shown, however, only after practice. Free-form 3D painting was explored in the user study. In both experiments and in the user study participants strongly preferred the bimanual technique. The results also indicate that user preferences concerning bimanual interaction may be driven by factors other than simple time-motion performance advantages.
Spatiotemporal control of spindle midzone formation by PRC1 in human cells (2006)

We have examined the role of PRC1, a midzone-associated, microtubule bundling, Cdk substrate protein, in regulating the spatiotemporal formation of the midzone in HeLa cells. Cdk-mediated phosphorylation of PRC1 in early mitosis holds PRC1 in an inactive monomeric state. During the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, PRC1 is dephosphorylated, promoting PRC1 oligomerization. Using time-lapse video microscopy, RNA interference, 3D immunofluorescence reconstruction imaging, and rescue experiments, we demonstrate that the dephosphorylated form of PRC1 is essential for bundling antiparallel, nonkinetochore, interdigitating microtubules to establish the midzone that is necessary for cytokinesis. Our results thus indicate that PRC1 is an essential factor in controlling the spatiotemporal formation of the midzone in human cells.
Use of synthetic peptide analogues to localize lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activating domain in apolipoprotein A-I. (1990)

The major protein of high density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, is the major activator of the plasma enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). A consensus amino acid sequence has been defined for the eight, 22-residue long, tandem amphipathic helical repeats located in the carboxy-terminal region of apo A-I. A series of 22 and 44mer synthetic peptide analogues of the consensus domain, differing only in their 13th amino acid residue, were prepared and tested for LCAT activation. One of the peptides was found to equal apo A-I in LCAT activation. This is the first time a peptide activator for LCAT that rivals the activity of apo A-I in the vesicular and discoidal egg phosphatidylcholine assay systems has been synthesized. Based on these results, we propose that the major LCAT-activating domain of apo A-I resides in the 22mer tandem repeats, each containing Glu at the 13th residue and located between residues 66 and 121 in the native apolipoprotein.