gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System capacity optimization in time and frequency for multibeam multi-media satellite systems (2010)

Current Ka-band, multi-media satellite systems employ spot beam technology to accommodate a wide range of multi-media type services. These satellites typically employ uniform allocation of RF power and bandwidth to spot beams. Since the traffic distribution tends to be highly asymmetrical and with a high degree of uncertainty, the satellite does not have sufficient flexibility to satisfy the traffic request on a beam per beam basis in an efficient manner. This paper investigates two new candidate multibeam system transmission schemes, namely, the Flexible and Beam-Hoping (BH) scheme, focusing on the forward link. We formulate the system-level optimization and propose an iterative algorithm that always converges given the constraints posed by the payload. The algorithm feeds a detailed system-level simulator which takes into account Ka-band channel and physical layer statistics. Our results show that both candidates outperform the conventional system in terms of both adaptation throughput matching to traffic demands and a more efficient use of available resources. The results were obtained during a project funded by the European Space Agency, with title “Beam Hopping techniques for multibeam satellite systems”.
Amelioration of antigen induced arthritis in rabbits treated with a secreted viral serine proteinase inhibitor. (1996)

A viral derived antiinflammatory protein, SERP-1, demonstrates considerable potency in ameliorating chronic inflammation in the AIA model and warrants further investigation as a potential anti-arthritic agent.
Objective technique for the determination of monochromatic aberrations of the human eye (1984)

The subjective crossed-cylinder aberroscope method of Howland and Howland [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67, 1508 (1977)] has been modified by the addition of a beam splitter and a camera to permit direct photographic recording of the distorted retinal image of the aberroscope grid. The ocular aberration can then be deduced from direct measurements of the grid distortion. Preliminary results on 11 subjects confirm earlier findings that comalike, third-order aberrations are more important than spherical or other fourth-order aberrations in degrading the retinal image and for the average subject, the diffraction-limited pupil size is approximately 3 mm. This new objective method for measuring wave aberration yields significantly less variance in population estimates of the coefficients of the wave-aberration polynomial than that of the previous subjective method.
Effectiveness and tolerability of low-dose cyclophosphamide and low-dose intravenous interleukin-2 in disseminated melanoma [corrected]. (1988)

We studied the effects on melanoma of low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) preceded by low-dose cyclophosphamide (CYC). Twenty-seven outpatients, aged 25 to 75 years, were treated with IL-2, 3.6 million U/m2 intravenously (IV), daily for five days on 2 successive weeks beginning three days after 350 mg/m2 of IV CYC. This schedule was repeated at least twice more at 1-week intervals. Six of 24 patients (25%) who received more than one 2-week cycle of treatment had a remission, one complete and five partial, with minor responses in eight others (33.3%). Three patients with rapidly progressive disease, who received only one cycle, were excluded from the analysis of response. The responses comprised remissions of liver metastases in two patients, one of them complete, two complete and two partial regressions of subcutaneous metastases, partial remission of lymph node metastases, and a partial remission of lung nodules. The mean duration of response exceeded 5 months, with two patients treated for greater than 1 year. Toxicity was moderate and controllable and only two patients required hospitalization, both overnight. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activation was induced in 17 of the 24 patients, including all six responders, while none of seven patients without LAK activation had a remission. This regimen appeared to be as effective in melanoma as those involving ex vivo activation of LAK cells, and was generally tolerable to patients in all age groups.
Peripheral analgesic effect of intra-articular clonidine (1996)

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation, which releases noradrenaline, influences the nociceptor activity which develops after tissue injury. The alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, clonidine, produces analgesia through a central mechanism but also inhibits noradrenaline release at terminal nerve fibre endings. Clonidine may induce analgesia when administered at peripheral sites. This study assesses the potential analgesic effect of clonidine after intra-articular administration. Forty ASA I-III patients, scheduled for arthroscopic knee surgery under general anaesthesia were allocated randomly in 4 groups of 10 patients each, at the end of the surgical procedure. In the control group (group 1), the patients received 20 ml of intra-articular isotonic saline. In group 2, the patients received 150 micrograms of clonidine diluted in 20 ml of isotonic saline injected into the knee joint. In group 3, the patients were given 20 ml of intra-articular isotonic saline and clonidine 150 micrograms was injected subcutaneously. In group 4, morphine 1 mg, diluted in 20 ml of isotonic saline, was injected into the knee joint. Postoperative pain was assessed in a double-blind fashion using a visual analogue scale (VAS) at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 24 h after the end of surgery. VAS scores were significantly lower in groups 2 and 4, compared to groups 1 and 3, at 1 and 2 h after surgery. The delay between intra-articular injection and further postoperative analgesic administration was significantly longer (P < 0.05) in group 2 (533 +/- 488 min) compared to groups 1 and 3 (70 +/- 30 min and 132 +/- 90 min, respectively). The difference was not significant between group 4 (300 +/- 419 min) and the other groups. We conclude that a low dose of intra-articular clonidine produces analgesia unrelated to vascular uptake of the drug. This study further supports a peripheral analgesic effect of clonidine.
Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma (2019)

A catalogue of molecular aberrations that cause ovarian cancer is critical for developing and deploying therapies that will improve patients’ lives. The Cancer Genome Atlas project has analysed messenger RNA expression, microRNA expression, promoter methylation and DNA copy number in 489 high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinomas and the DNA sequences of exons from coding genes in 316 of these tumours. Here we report that high-grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by TP53 mutations in almost all tumours (96%); low prevalence but statistically recurrent somatic mutations in nine further genes including NF1, BRCA1, BRCA2, RB1 and CDK12; 113 significant focal DNA copy number aberrations; and promoter methylation events involving 168 genes. Analyses delineated four ovarian cancer transcriptional subtypes, three microRNA subtypes, four promoter methylation subtypes and a transcriptional signature associated with survival duration, and shed new light on the impact that tumours with BRCA1/2 (BRCA1 or BRCA2) and CCNE1 aberrations have on survival. Pathway analyses suggested that homologous recombination is defective in about half of the tumours analysed, and that NOTCH and FOXM1 signalling are involved in serous ovarian cancer pathophysiology.
Characterization and sequence of the promoter region of the human epidermal growth factor receptor gene. (1985)

The promoter region of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor has been identified by in vitro transcription using EGF receptor genomic DNA fragments as template and by primer extension and nuclease S1 mapping using EGF receptor mRNA. Six transcriptional start sites were identified. DNA sequence analysis shows that the promoter region contains neither a "TATA box" nor a "CAAT box," has an extremely high G+C content (88%), and contains five CCGCCC repeats and four (TCC)TCCTCCTCC repeats. This promoter region is situated close to or within a DNase I-hypersensitive site in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells, which overproduce the EGF receptor. The EGF receptor gene promoter has some resemblance to the promoter of the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene and the early promoter of simian virus 40. This similarity may offer a clue to the mechanism by which the receptor gene is regulated.
Structure-Based Design of Potent Bcl-2/Bcl-xL Inhibitors with Strong in Vivo Antitumor Activity (2012)

Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are key apoptosis regulators and attractive cancer therapeutic targets. We have designed and optimized a class of small-molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL containing a 4,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid core structure. A 1.4 Å resolution crystal structure of a lead compound, 12, complexed with Bcl-xL has provided a basis for our optimization. The most potent compounds, 14 and 15, bind to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL with subnanomolar K(i) values and are potent antagonists of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in functional assays. Compounds 14 and 15 inhibit cell growth with low nanomolar IC(50) values in multiple small-cell lung cancer cell lines and induce robust apoptosis in cancer cells at concentrations as low as 10 nM. Compound 14 also achieves strong antitumor activity in an animal model of human cancer.
Identification and characterization of circulating prostate carcinoma cells (2000)

Although the significance of the cluster remains undetermined, observation suggests that the cluster has the ability to circulate as a microtumor and subsequently arrest in the small veins and capillaries. It is hypothesized that the clusters could escape certain facets of immune surveillance and possibly gain a selective growth advantage over single cells in a distant site. Further hypothesis proposes that arrested cells recruit growth-promoting nutrients, which would result in the invasion of local blood vessels and vascularization.
Post‐translational modifications in mitotic yeast cells (1989)

We have recently shown that secretion of invertase is not inhibited in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during mitosis, but continues, as during interphase. This is in contrast with the mammalian cell, where membrane traffic stops at the onset of prometaphase. Here we extend our findings by showing that the bulk of the cell surface glycoproteins and mannans, as well as the yeast pheromone alpha-factor, traverse the secretory pathway during mitosis. We show that the mitotic cells are able to carry out several types of post-translational modification of secretory proteins. (a) The secretory protein invertase was oligomerized and extensively glycosylated, (b) the N-glycan cores of bulk-cell surface mannans were extended with outer chains, (c) some N-glycans were phosphorylated, (d) the protein-bound O-glycans were extended up to tetramannosides, (e) prepro-ka-factor was proteolytically processed to alpha-factor molecules. We conclude that the secretory pathway in yeast remains fully functional throughout the cell cycle.
The Distribution of Tritium among the Amino Acids of Proteins Obtained from Mice Exposed to Tritiated Water (1983)

The distribution of tritium among the amino acids of serum proteins in mice chronically exposed to tritiated water was determined by ion exchange chromatography of the protein hydrolysate. The specific activity of nonexchangeable tritium in these amino acids relative to the specific activity of tritium in the tissue water of mice ranged from 0.04 for phenylalanine and threonine to 1.0 for glycine and alanine. Since tritium from tissue water can enter the nonexchangeable positions of amino acids only as the result of metabolic processing, the relative specific activity of tritium in each amino acid is an indicator of the extent of such processing. The tritium content of tyrosine and all the amino acids required in the diet for survival is quite low, except for histidine, and can be entirely accounted for by transamination or, in the case of methionine, by transmethylation. The tritium content of the other amino acids is too high to result from such minor processing and must reflect primarily the fraction synthesized de novo. The implications of these findings with respect to the radiobiological consequences of a diet containing tritiated proteins are discussed.
734. Codehydrogenases. Part II. A synthesis of nicotinamide nucleotide (1957)

L. J. Haykes, N. A. Hughes, G. W. Kenner and A. Todd, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 3727 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570003727
A Critical Role for TLR4 in the Pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Modulating Intestinal Injury and Repair (2007)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants and is characterized by translocation of LPS across the inflamed intestine. We hypothesized that the LPS receptor (TLR4) plays a critical role in NEC development, and we sought to determine the mechanisms involved. We now demonstrate that NEC in mice and humans is associated with increased expression of TLR4 in the intestinal mucosa and that physiological stressors associated with NEC development, namely, exposure to LPS and hypoxia, sensitize the murine intestinal epithelium to LPS through up-regulation of TLR4. In support of a critical role for TLR4 in NEC development, TLR4-mutant C3H/HeJ mice were protected from the development of NEC compared with wild-type C3H/HeOUJ littermates. TLR4 activation in vitro led to increased enterocyte apoptosis and reduced enterocyte migration and proliferation, suggesting a role for TLR4 in intestinal repair. In support of this possibility, increased NEC severity in C3H/HeOUJ mice resulted from increased enterocyte apoptosis and reduced enterocyte restitution and proliferation after mucosal injury compared with mutant mice. TLR4 signaling also led to increased serine phosphorylation of intestinal focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Remarkably, TLR4 coimmunoprecipitated with FAK, and small interfering RNA-mediated FAK inhibition restored enterocyte migration after TLR4 activation, demonstrating that the FAK-TLR4 association regulates intestinal healing. These findings demonstrate a critical role for TLR4 in the development of NEC through effects on enterocyte injury and repair, identify a novel TLR4-FAK association in regulating enterocyte migration, and suggest TLR4/FAK as a therapeutic target in this disease.
Tumor-associated Neu5Ac-Tn and Neu5Gc-Tn antigens bind to C-type lectin CLEC10A (CD301, MGL) (2013)

In human tumors, glycoproteins often exhibit abnormal glycosylation patterns, e.g. certain Lewis structures, TF antigen, Tn antigen and/or their sialylated forms, creating additional binding sites for glycoreceptors. In the present study, we have analyzed the carbohydrate specificity of the C-type lectin CLEC10A using glycan profiling by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition to the known ligands, we show binding to two tumor-associated antigens, namely Neu5Acα2,6-Tn and Neu5Gcα2,6-Tn, with an affinity of CLEC10A in the micromolar range. Detailed analyses of the glycan-lectin interactions were carried out by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR. CLEC10A binds Neu5Acα2,6-Tn and Neu5Gcα2,6-Tn with dissociation constants of 297 and 80 µM, respectively, as determined by SPR. Comparison of the STD nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) binding epitopes of Tn and Neu5Acα2,6-Tn revealed a constant binding mode of the N-acetylgalactosamine moiety. This finding is in good agreement with binding studies of CLEC10A transfectomas, which show a well-defined interaction of transmembrane CLEC10A with 6-sialylated-Tn structures. Since both Neu5Acα2,6-Tn and Neu5Gcα2,6-Tn together with the previously known Tn antigen are expressed in human tumors such as mammary carcinoma, the interaction with CLEC10A expressed by macrophages and dendritic cells could be of major functional significance in tumor progression.
Ultrasonic Production of Nano-Size Dispersions and Emulsions (2007)

Ultrasound is a well-established method for particle size reduction in dispersions and emulsions. Ultrasonic processors are used in the generation of nano-size material slurries, dispersions and emulsions because of the potential in the deagglomeration and the reduction of primaries. These are the mechanical effects of ultrasonic cavitation. Ultrasound can also be used to influence chemical reactions by the cavitation energy. This is sonochemistry. As the market for nano-size materials grows, the demand for ultrasonic processes at production level increases. At this stage, energy efficiency becomes important. Since the energy required per weight or volume of processed material links directly to the equipment size required, optimization of the process efficiency is essential to reduce investment and operational costs. Furthermore it is required to scale the lab and bench top configurations to this final level without any variations in the process achievements. Scale up by power alone will not do this.
[Comparison between continuous intravenous and oral administration of 5-FU with LV]. (1999)

The tumor/control (T/C) volumes ratio showed that approximately twice the orally administered 5-FU dose had an anti-tumor effect equal to that of 5-FU administered intravenously. Synergic antitumor effects by LV were only revealed in the civ group. Significant body weight loss was recognized only in the po group at a 5-FU dose of more than 20 mg/kg. In summary, since the modulation effect of LV was recognized only with continuously intravenous infusion of 5-FU, further improvement of oral administration is required in the LV/5-FU combination therapy.
Translation of microarray data into clinically relevant cancer diagnostic tests using gene expression ratios in lung cancer and mesothelioma. (2002)

The pathological distinction between malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM)and adenocarcinoma (ADCA) of the lung can be cumbersome using established methods. We propose that a simple technique, based on the expression levels of a small number of genes, can be useful in the early and accurate diagnosis of MPM and lung cancer. This method is designed to accurately distinguish between genetically disparate tissues using gene expression ratios and rationally chosen thresholds. Here we have tested the fidelity of ratio-based diagnosis in differentiating between MPM and lung cancer in 181 tissue samples (31 MPM and 150 ADCA). A training set of 32 samples (16 MPM and 16 ADCA) was used to identify pairs of genes with highly significant, inversely correlated expression levels to form a total of 15 diagnostic ratios using expression profiling data. Any single ratio of the 15 examined was at least 90% accurate in predicting diagnosis for the remaining 149 samples (e.g., test set). We then examined (in the test set) the accuracy of multiple ratios combined to form a simple diagnostic tool. Using two and three expression ratios, we found that the differential diagnoses of MPM and lung ADCA were 95% and 99% accurate, respectively. We propose that using gene expression ratios is an accurate and inexpensive technique with direct clinical applicability for distinguishing between MPM and lung cancer. Furthermore, we provide evidence suggesting that this technique can be equally accurate in other clinical scenarios.
The architecture of the SPERRY UNIVAC 1100 series systems (1979)

This paper presents an overview of the architecture of the SPERRY UNIVAC® 1100 Series systems. The principal topics are instruction and data formats, main storage and addressing, process management, and I/O.
In Vitro Synthesis of Cellulose in Plants: Still a Long Way to Go! (1993)

The major obstacle to studying cellulose synthesis in plants has been the inability to obtain convincing syntheses of this polymer in vitro using membrane preparations from a wide variety of plants. This paper discusses and puts in prospective recent publications by Brown's group (Li and Brown, 1993; Li et al., 1993; Okuda et al., 1993) which report in vitro synthesis of cellulose using membrane preparations derived from cotton fibers. The authors concur that it seems possible to synthesize a limited amount of ([beta])-1,4-glucan in vitro. However, they feel it unlikely that conditions optimal for callose synthesis would also be optimal for cellulose synthesis. The authors conclude that these systems are still far from optimized and that the question of stimulation by cyclic nucleotides and/or other factors requires further extensive investigations. 14 refs.
[The effect of recombinant adenovirus encoding antisense MAT1 on cell cycle of human pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3]. (2005)

The results suggest that MAT1 gene may play an important role in the regulation of cell cycle G(1)-->S transition of BxPC-3 cells.
Nutritional and neuroendocrine control of appetite in transgenic coho salmon (2010)

The increased feeding motivation and enhanced growth found in growth hormone (GH) transgenic coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, raises questions regarding the hormonal changes regulating growth and feed intake. These fish exhibit increased circulating GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and GH mRNA expression resulting from the GH transgene, but the role of the other hormones in the GH-axis and appetite control are unknown. Transgenic and non-transgenic coho salmon pre-smolts were fed diets with 15, 17, 19 and 21 MJ of digestible energy/kg for 84 days and they were analyzed for growth, feed intake and protein utilization. Gene mRNA expression of the major regulators in the GH-axis: growth hormone, growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SS) as well as the appetite hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK), were analyzed with quantitative PCR in the brain of fish from this experiment and in six brain regions (telencephalon, hypothalamus, pituitary, optic tectum, midbrain, cerebellum) and muscle and liver of size-matched (55g) full-ration transgenic, restricted-ration transgenic (pair-fed to nontransgenic fish) and full-ration non-transgenic fish. Transgenic fish had greater feed intake and growth which were respectively negatively and positively correlated with the digestible energy content of the diet. Protein use was more efficient in transgenic fish when fed the 15 and 17 MJ/kg diets only and diet had no effect on gene expression. Plasma IGF-I was greater in transgenic fish but did not correlate with weight as in the non-transgenic coho salmon. In the size-matched study, GH expression was highest in transgenic fish, except in the pituitary where there were no differences. GHR expression generally followed that of GH but was tissue specific. Transgenic fish has higher IGF-I expression but hepatic IGF-I levels in ration-restricted transgenic fish were reduced to that of non-transgenic fish. GHRH, SS or CCK expression did not differ between groups. It is concluded that transgenic fish, with enhanced growth, feed intake and protein utilization, ingested feed to meet a caloric demand that was possibly set by increased GH, GHR and IGF-I whereas the other GH regulating hormones and the CCK satiety signal showed little change.