gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytosolic phosphorylation potential. (1979)

The tissue contents of the reactants of the myokinase (EC 2.7.4.3) and the combined glyceraldehyde-3-phophate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.29)-3-phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3) reactions were measured in rapidly inactivated samples of human blood and rat brain, muscle, and liver. The tissue contents of the reactants of the creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) reaction were measured in rat brain and muscle. In vitro the value of the expression: KG+G = [sigma3PG] . [sigmaATP] . [sigmalactate] KLDH = [sigmaHAP]/22] . [sigmaADP][sigmaPi] . [sigmaRUVATE] (1) was found to be 0.725 x 10(7) M-1 at I = 0.25, T = 38 degrees C, and free [Mg2+] = 0.15 mM and the value measured in vivo in red cell was 0.699 x 10(7) M-1. The value of the expression KMYK = ([sigma ATP] [sigma AMP]/[ADP2]) measured under the above conditions and at pH 7.2 was found to be 0.744 while the value found in red cell was 0.784 +/- 0.037. These reactions, therefore, appear to be in a state of near-equilibrium in the red cell and the measured tissue contents of ATP and ADP, which are common reactants in both reactions, approximate closely the activity of these reactants in vivo. In brain and muscle, the value of KG + G/KLDH calculated from the measured tissue contents of the reactants was a factor of 20 or more lower than that expected at equilibrium as was the measured value of the expression: KCK = [sigma ATP] [sigma creatine] divided by [sigma ADP] [sigma creatine-P] [H+] (2) Substitution of calculated free [sigma ADP] values in the expression of KG + G/KLDH gave values of 0.83 +/- 0.19 x 10(7) M-1 for brain and muscle, respectively, which agreed well with the value of 1.65 x 10(7) M-1 measured in vitro at I = 0.25, free [Mg2+] = 1 mM, T = 38 degrees C. This agreement between two highly active enzyme systems in the same compartment is taken as evidence of the existence of near-equilibrium in both these systems and suggests that free cytosolic [sigma ADP] is probably 20-fold lower than measured cell ADP content in mitochondrial-containing tissues.
Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors in Neurofibromatosis (1996)

Neurofibromatosis (NF) describes the most commonly inherited disorders affecting the nervous system. These autosomal dominant, neurocutaneous syndromes are associated with multiple tumors of the nervous system, including neurofibromas, schwannomas, meningiomas, and intracranial gliomas. Spinal cord involvement in NF is typically from extramedullary growth of spinal nerve root tumors. Intramedullary spinal cord tumors in NF have been reported as scattered, single cases in literature. However, this association has not been clearly defined as have other nervous system neoplasms that are typically linked with NF. We present a series of nine patients with NF with intramedullary spinal cord tumors who were managed at our institution from 1984 to 1994. The patients' ages ranged from 4 to 31 years. There were seven male patients and two female patients. Three patients had NF-1 (von Recklinghausen's), five patients had NF-2, and one patient had NF, type uncertain. There were three cervicomedullary tumors, two cervical tumors, three cervicothoracic tumors, and one thoracic tumor. A histological examination revealed five ependymomas, three astrocytomas, and one intramedullary schwannoma. Two patients with malignant intramedullary spinal ocrd tumors have died with progressive disease. One other patient has required a subsequent operation for recurrent tumor. The other six patients are doing well, and their prognosis is expected to be related to their systemic disease. We conclude that there is a clinical entity of intramedullary spinal cord tumors associated with NF.
Effects of high-peak pulsed electromagnetic field on the degeneration and regeneration of the common peroneal nerve in rats (1983)

Apart from preliminary notices of present work, previous reports of experimental and clinical trials of the effects of a high-peak pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves lacked statistical analysis. Therefore, we designed experiments with standardised operative, histological, cytological and morphometric techniques to assess the effect of PEMF on lesions of the common peroneal nerves in paired male rats matched for age, environmental conditions and level and type of lesion. One of two types of lesion was induced in the left common peroneal nerve: in 12 pairs of rats the nerve was crushed just above the knee and in the remaining 12 pairs the nerve was cut and immediately sutured at the same level. The right common peroneal nerve of each rat served as a control. Animals received 15 minutes of PEMF produced by a Diapulse machine or sham treatment daily for periods ranging from three and a half days to eight weeks after injury. Healthy nerves were unaffected, but after damage there were statistically significant differences between PEMF treated and sham treated rats. PEMF accelerated the recovery of injured limbs and the degeneration, regeneration and maturation of myelinated axons; epineural, perineural and intraneural fibrosis was reduced; and the luminal cross-sectional area of intraneural vessels increased after both types of lesion. Findings are discussed and the need for clinical trials is stressed.
Motion compensated prediction with geometry padding for 360 video coding (2017)

The paper presents a new geometry padding method for motion compensated prediction in 360 video coding. Unlike the conventional padding method for 2D video coding, which extends samples outside of a picture's boundary by simply copying (repeating) those at the boundaries, the proposed geometry padding method considers the spherical nature of the 360 video and the specific geometry projection format when extending samples outside of a picture's or a face's boundary. The proposed geometry padding method is implemented in the HEVC reference software HM-16.12 for the equirectangular and cubemap projection formats. Simulation results show that, when compared with the conventional 2D padding method in HEVC, geometry padding performs better; the proposed geometry padding gives on average luma (Y) BD-rate reduction of 0.3% for equirectangular projection format coding and 1.0% for cubemap projection format coding all in terms of the spherical PSNR (S-PSNR) metric. The proposed geometry padding is especially effective for high motion sequences, where up to 4.3% BD-rate reduction can be achieved.
Chlamydial heat shock proteins and trachoma (1990)

Two chlamydial proteins (HSP-60 and HSP-70) have marked homology with bacterial and mammalian heat shock proteins. Previous studies have indicated that when inoculated into the eyes of immune animals, a Triton X-100 extract of chlamydia containing HSP-60 induces an ocular delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. The potential for HSP-70 to induce a similar reaction was tested in six cynomolgus monkeys that had been sensitized to both antigens by previous ocular chlamydial infection. Whereas the chlamydial extract containing HSP-60 induced a marked clinical response within 24 h of inoculation, no response followed inoculation of HSP-70 in the contralateral eye. The lack of a response to HSP-70 suggests that further assessment of its potential as a trachoma vaccine is warranted.
Practical loss-resilient codes (1997)

We present randomized constructions of linear-time encodable and decodable codes that can transmit over lossy channels at rates extremely close to capacity. The encod-ing and decoding algorithms for these codes have fast and simple software implementations. Partial implementationsof our algorithms are faster by orders of magnitude than the best software implementations of any previous algorithm forthis problem. We expect these codes will be extremely useful for applications such as real-time audio and video transmission over the Internet, where lossy channels are common and fast decoding is a requirement. Despite the simplicity of the algorithms, their design andanalysis are mathematically intricate. The design requires the careful choice of a random irregular bipartite graph,where the structure of the irregular graph is extremely important. We model the progress of the decoding algorithmby a set of differential equations. The solution to these equations can then be expressed as polynomials in one variable with coefficients determined by the graph structure. Based on these polynomials, we design a graph structure that guarantees successful decoding with high probability
Evaluating Retrieval Performance Using Clickthrough Data. (2003)

This paper proposes a new method for evaluating the quality of retrieval functions. Unlike traditional methods that require relevance judgments by experts or explicit user feedback, it is based entirely on clickthrough data. This is a key advantage, since clickthrough data can be collected at very low cost and without overhead for the user. Taking an approach from experiment design, the paper proposes an experiment setup that generates unbiased feedback about the relative quality of two search results without explicit user feedback. A theoretical analysis shows that the method gives the same results as evaluation with traditional relevance judgments under mild assumptions. An empirical analysis verifies that the assumptions are indeed justified and that the new method leads to conclusive results in a WWW retrieval study. 1
Nitsitapiisinni: Our Way of Life The Blackfoot Gallery, Glenbow Museum Calgary, Alberta, Canada (2002)

Nitsitapiisinni: Our Way of Life. The Blackfoot Gallery, Glenbow Museum, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Opened November 2001.
Treating actinic keratoses with imiquimod. (2007)

Mr KC, 61 years of age, has extensive actinic damage including squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and actinic keratoses (AKs) on his face and forehead. He has had cryotherapy for many years with limited success. Lesions have generally resolved with cryotherapy but he finds the treatment very uncomfortable and can only tolerate a small number of lesions being treated on each visit. He develops lesions faster than lesions are treated.
Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonists: Chemical Feature Based Pharmacophore Identification and Molecular Docking Studies (2013)

Chemical feature based pharmacophore models were generated for Toll-like receptors 7 (TLR7) agonists using HypoGen algorithm, which is implemented in the Discovery Studio software. Several methods tools used in validation of pharmacophore model were presented. The first hypothesis Hypo1 was considered to be the best pharmacophore model, which consists of four features: one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, and two hydrophobic features. In addition, homology modeling and molecular docking studies were employed to probe the intermolecular interactions between TLR7 and its agonists. The results further confirmed the reliability of the pharmacophore model. The obtained pharmacophore model (Hypo1) was then employed as a query to screen the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database (TCMD) for other potential lead compounds. One hit was identified as a potent TLR7 agonist, which has antiviral activity against hepatitis virus in vitro. Therefore, our current work provides confidence for the utility of the selected chemical feature based pharmacophore model to design novel TLR7 agonists with desired biological activity.
l -Arginine and S -Nitrosoglutathione Reduce Embolization in Humans (2001)

Background — l -Arginine reduces platelet aggregation and adhesion in ex vivo studies, but there is no evidence as yet that it has a therapeutic effect on clinical end points. Doppler ultrasound can detect cerebral emboli noninvasively. Such embolic signals are common after carotid endarterectomy, and their frequency predicts risk of stroke recurrence. We used this situation to determine the antiplatelet efficacy of l -arginine and S -nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a physiological nitric oxide donor with possible platelet specificity. Methods and Results —Patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were randomized in a double-blind manner between l -arginine (n=14), GSNO (n=14), or placebo (n=14) administered intravenously for 90 minutes, starting 30 minutes after skin closure. All patients were pretreated with aspirin and given heparin during surgery. Transcranial Doppler recordings were made from the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery for 4 hours after surgery, beginning 30 minutes after skin closure, and also at 6 and 24 hours. There were highly significant reductions in the number of Doppler embolic signals in the l -arginine and GSNO groups; first 4 hours, median (range) number of embolic signals, placebo 44.7 (6 to 778), l -arginine 9.5 (0 to 225), and GSNO 0.8 (0 to 8), both P &lt;0.001 versus control values. The reduction in the signals persisted at the 24-hour recording. Conclusions —Intravenous l -arginine and GSNO attenuate Doppler embolic signals in humans. Modulation of the NO system with these agents may have applications in the treatment of thromboembolic disease. This study demonstrates the potential application of ultrasonic embolic signal detection to examine the efficacy of new antiplatelet agents in relatively small numbers of patients.
Functional genome analysis of Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 reveals type IVb tight adherence (Tad) pili as an essential and conserved host-colonization factor (2011)

Development of the human gut microbiota commences at birth, with bifidobacteria being among the first colonizers of the sterile newborn gastrointestinal tract. To date, the genetic basis of Bifidobacterium colonization and persistence remains poorly understood. Transcriptome analysis of the Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 2.42-Mb genome in a murine colonization model revealed differential expression of a type IVb tight adherence (Tad) pilus-encoding gene cluster designated "tad(2003)." Mutational analysis demonstrated that the tad(2003) gene cluster is essential for efficient in vivo murine gut colonization, and immunogold transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of Tad pili at the poles of B. breve UCC2003 cells. Conservation of the Tad pilus-encoding locus among other B. breve strains and among sequenced Bifidobacterium genomes supports the notion of a ubiquitous pili-mediated host colonization and persistence mechanism for bifidobacteria.
Purification and Characterization of a New Lipase fromFusariumsp. YM-30 (1995)

The extracellular lipase from Fusarium sp. YM-30 was purified by a procedure involving ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, CM-Toyopearl 650M, and Butyl-Toyopearl 650M column chromatographies. The purified lipase was homogeneous with 12kDa of molecular mass by SDS-PAGE, and had high specificities for mono- and diacylglycerols, but low toward triacylglycerols. The enzyme had maximum activity at pH 7.0 to 8.0 and 37 degrees C, and hydrolyzed digalactosyl diglyceride too.
Distribution of cells expressing myc proteins in human colorectal epithelium, polyps, and malignant tumors. (1992)

The myc gene family encodes nuclear phosphoproteins that are thought to play a role in the control of cellular proliferation and differentiation. We have undertaken an immunohistochemical study assessing the expression of myc gene family proteins in individual cells of normal colonic mucosa, colorectal polyps, and colorectal adenocarcinomas. We screened a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies that we raised against recombinant human c-myc and N-myc proteins for recognition of myc proteins in paraffin tissue sections. Two of these antibodies, H120C69 and H8C150, were selected for indirect immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections from 16 normal mucosas, 24 polyps, and 30 adenocarcinomas. In normal colon, about 25% of the cells in the lower one-third of the crypts of Lieberkühn stain for myc-related protein. This distribution resembles that of proliferating cells in the crypt. Benign hyperplastic polyps resemble normal mucosa in their myc staining pattern, with about 25% of the cells positive. In adenomatous polyps, the putative precursors of adenocarcinomas, from 50 to 100% of the cells stain positively for myc protein. In these cases, stained cells extend to the luminal surface, consistent with the previously reported expansion of the proliferation zone in these lesions. All adenocarcinomas examined had increased levels of myc protein relative to normal mucosa. The tumor cells exhibited markedly heterogeneous myc staining patterns, both among different tumors and, in some cases, within a single tumor. Comparison with Ki-67 monoclonal antibody staining indicates that myc protein expression in many tumors is uncoupled from cellular proliferation. Surprisingly, we observed increased numbers of myc-expressing cells and increased levels of myc protein in histologically normal colon directly adjacent to tumor, suggesting that many colorectal carcinomas secrete growth factors that activate gene expression in neighboring normal mucosa.
Avaliação pelos usuários dos hospitais participantes do programa de qualidade hospitalar no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (1997)

The following aspects were observed:-the importance of the direct flow of questionnaires from users to HQP/APM:-the need for HQP-06 to contain general items that permit a comparison between the hospitals concerned; the importance of the hospital staff being motivated to offer explanations when giving the questionnaires to users and the latters' being motivated to answer them with a view to the greater quantity and better quality of the answers:-in the hospitals of the HQP the user's evaluation presents a median of 4.32% (25%ile = 1.83% and 75%ile = 7.92%), and the number of questionnaires containing observations about the service as compared with the total presents a median of 42.11% (25%ile = 27.28% and 75%ile = 57.82%). Finally, hospital managements are recommended to take their users opinions into consideration with a view to obtaining feed-back and the continuous quality improvement of the hospitals of the HQP/APM.
Structural alterations in the peptide backbone of beta-amyloid core protein may account for its deposition and stability in Alzheimer's disease. (1993)

The structure of beta-amyloid (beta A) from Alzheimer disease brains was examined to determine if post-translational modifications might be linked to the abnormal deposition of this peptide in the diseased tissue. The beta A peptides were isolated from the compact amyloid cores of neuritic plaques and separated from minor glycoprotein components by size-exclusion high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). This parenchymal beta A has a maximal length of 42 residues, but shorter forms with "ragged" NH2 termini are also present. Tryptic peptide analysis revealed heterogeneity in the beta A1-5 and beta A6-16 peptides, each of which eluted as four peaks on reverse phase HPLC. Amino acid composition and sequence analyses, mass spectrometry, enzymatic methylation, and stereoisomer determinations revealed that these multiple peptide forms resulted from structural rearrangements of the aspartyl residues at beta A positions 1 and 7. The L-isoaspartyl form predominates at each of these positions, whereas the D-isoaspartyl, L-aspartyl, and D-aspartyl forms are present in lesser amounts. beta A purified from the leptomeningeal microvasculature contains the same structural alterations as parenchymal beta A, but is 2 residues shorter at its COOH terminus. Using two different purification protocols, and using a synthetic beta A1-42 peptide as a control, we show that these modifications arose endogenously and were not caused by the experimental manipulations. The abundance of structurally altered aspartyl residues may profoundly affect the conformation of the beta A protein within plaque cores and thus significantly impact normal catabolic processes designed to limit its deposition. These alterations may therefore contribute to the production and stability of beta-amyloid deposits in Alzheimer brain tissue.
N‐Peptidyl‐O‐carbamoyl amino acid hydroxamates: Irreversible inhibitors for the study of the S2′ specificity of cysteine proteinases (1993)

A series of new inhibitors for cysteine proteinases with the general structure Z-Phe-Gly-NHO-CO-Aa (Aa = amino acids) was synthesized and tested as inhibitors of papain-like enzymes (cathepsins S, L, B and papain). Like N-peptidyl-O-acyl hydroxamates the inhibitors inactivate cysteine proteinases by a sulfenamidation of the active site cysteine residue. The most effective inhibitors display second order-rate constants of inactivation in the range of 10(3)-10(4) M-1.s-1. Since the structure of the N-peptidyl-O-carbamoyl amino acid hydroxamates allows the variation of the leaving group this class of inhibitors was used as a new tool for evaluation of the S2' specificity of cysteine proteinases.
Indolinone derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. (1989)

1-substituted aminomethyl-3-cyclohexylthiosemicarbazone-2-indolinones (I) were tested for their antibacterial activity against Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus brevis and Bacillus megaterium and antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. The majority of the compounds were found to exhibit promising antibacterial and antifungal activities. These compounds were also screened for their antiviral action against tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana glutinosa plants in vivo as well as in vitro. Most of the compounds had shown significant antiviral activities both in vivo and in vitro.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of oral diosmin in healthy volunteers. (1992)

Pharmacokinetic studies of diosmin were performed after an oral administration to healthy volunteers. Diosmin and its aglycone, diosmetin, were determined by HPLC and LC-MS techniques. At least, at the level of sensitivity of our method, no parent compound was present in the plasma but only its aglycone, diosmetin. Analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters showed that the drug was rapidly absorbed. Diosmetin presents a long plasma elimination half-life ranging from 26 to 43 hours. Our data show the total absence of urinary elimination for both diosmin and its aglycone diosmetin, while its minor metabolites are eliminated in the urine, mainly as glucuronic acid conjugates. The presence of degradation products such as alkyl-phenolic acids confirms a metabolic pattern similar to other flavonoids.
Contour tracking and corner detection in a logic programming environment (1990)

The added functionality such as contour tracking and corner detection which logic programming lends to standard image operators is described. An environment for implementing low-level imaging operations with Prolog predicates is considered. Within this environment, higher-level image predicates (contour tracking and corner detection) are constructed. The emphasis is not on building better corner detectors, but on presenting ways of using the unification and backtracking features of logic programming for these tasks. The performance of this implementation of contour tracking and corner detection has been very good in many more complex images, as it allows for feedback both ways between sensor input and symbolic models. More important is the parameter selection capability in a dynamic version where background properties change. The authors present examples of Prolog predicates for performing the contour and corner detection operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>