gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid binding to plasma albumin (1975)

A review of the available information about fatty acid binding to plasma albumin is presented. Albumin is composed of a single polypeptide chain, folded so as to form three or four spherical units. The strong fatty acid binding sites probably are located in crevices between these spherical regions. The anionic form of the fatty acid binds to albumin. Most of the binding energy comes from nonpolar interactions between the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain and uncharged amino acid side chains that line the binding sites. The binding sites are somewhat pliable, and their configuration can adapt to fit the incoming fatty acid. Stepwise association constants for binding to human albumin of fatty acids containing 6-18 carbon atoms are presented. These data indicate that each mole of fatty acid binds with a different affinity and that the association constants for multiple binding diminish sequentially, i.e., kappa 1 greater than kappa 2 greater than kappa 3 greater ... greater kappan. Because of uncertainties concerning fatty acid association in aqueous solutions, the constants for the 14-18 carbon acids probably are not definitive. In the usual physiological concentration range, free fatty acids do not displace appreciable amounts of a second organic compound from albumin. Sensitive spectrophotometric analyses revealed, however, that even small increases in free fatty acid concentration alter the molecular interaction between human albumin and another organic compound.
Evaluating the user interfaces of an integrated system of in-car electronic devices (2005)

The Project54 system integrates electronic devices in police cruisers and provides a speech user interface and a GUI. It also incorporates the original user interfaces provided by the devices' manufacturers. We evaluate how the different interfaces are used by officers in the field and report on three lessons on designing in-car user interfaces.
Stable isotopic characterization of precipitation, soil water and groundwater in Taihang Mountain, north China (2008)

The stable isotopic compositions ( 18 O, 2 H) of water samples were used to investigate the characteristics of precipitation, soil water and groundwater in Taihang Mountain. north China. Soil water samples from profiles at depths of 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 cm were taken at two slopes covered by robinia and grass in an experimental catchment. The slope and intercept of the local meteoric water line were both lower than the global meteoric water line (GMWL), with mean δ 18 O of -8.11 ± 2.34%. The effect of vegetation on isotopic composition of soil water in this region was weak and the evaporation effect extended below 110 cm in depth. The local groundwater aquifer is recharged by several heavy rain events with light isotopic composition as explained by the piston model. The relationship between precipitation, vertical soil water profiles, and groundwater is described conceptually in association with isotope profiles from two slopes. The results will provide valuable insights for further research on mountain hydrology using the stable isotope method.
PSORALENS AS PHOTOACTIVE PROBES OF NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, PHOTOCHEMISTRY, AND BIOCHEMISTRY (1985)

PERSPECTIVES AND UMMARY 1152 INTRODUCTION 1155 ORGANIC AND STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY OF PSORALEN AND ITS ADDUCTS 1158 Naturally Occurring Psoralens 1158 Synthesis and Radiolabeling of Psoralens 1158 Monofunctional Psoralens 1160 Relative Reactivity of Different Psoralens with Nucleic Acids 1161 Psoralen Monoadducts and Diadducts Formed With DNA and RNA 1162 PHOTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OFPSORALENS 1165 Spectroscopic Properties of Psoralen Molecules 1166 Reactive States for Monoadduct and Crosslink Formation in Polynucleotides ........ 1170 Controlled Production of Monoadducts and Diadducts in DoubleStranded Nucleic Acids 1172 THE USE OF PSORALENS AS PROBES FOR NUCLEIC ACID STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 1172 Chromatin Structure 1172 Cruciforms 1175 Torsional Tension 1176 Secondary Structure in Single-Stranded Nucleic Acid 1177 Stabilization of Nucleic Acid Complexes 1184 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 1186
Oxygen binding properties of human mutant hemoglobins synthesized in Escherichia coli. (1985)

Human beta-globin was synthesized in Escherichia coli as a cleavable fusion protein, using the expression vector pLcIIFX beta-globin [Nagai, K. & Thøgersen, H. C. (1984) Nature (London) 309, 810-812]. The fusion protein cIIFX beta-globin was purified to homogeneity and cleaved at the junction by blood coagulation factor Xa; the authentic beta-globin was liberated. Beta-globin was folded in vitro and reconstituted with heme and alpha subunits to form alpha 2 beta 2 tetramers. The oxygen binding properties of reconstituted Hb are essentially the same as those of human native Hb. Two mutant Hbs (Hb Nymphéas [Cys-93 beta----Ser] and Hb Daphne [Cys-93 beta----Ser, His-143 beta----Arg]) were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis using synthetic oligonucleotides. Hb Nymphéas showed a slightly increased oxygen affinity and diminished cooperativity with normal 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid and slightly reduced alkaline Bohr effects. Hb Daphne showed low cooperativity with high oxygen affinity. The alkaline Bohr effect was slightly reduced but the diphosphoglycerate effect was enhanced by 50% by the His-143 beta----Arg mutation. As arginine is fully charged at physiological pH and has a long flexible side chain, diphosphoglycerate binds more strongly to Hb Daphne.
Differential Gene Expression in Human Glioma Cells: Correlation With Presence or Absence of DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase (2003)

The human glioma cell line M059J is deficient in DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) due to a frame-shift mutation in PRKDC, the gene for its catalytic subunit, while cell line M059K, isolated from the same malignant tumor, has normal DNA-PK activity. DNA-PK is required for double-strand DNA break repair, and its absence is responsible for increased radiosensitivity of M059J. We show that transcripts of several melanoma antigen subfamily A (MAGE-A) genes, the expression of which is restricted to tumor and germ-line cells,are present in M059K, but that their expression is strongly downregulated in M059J. Normal levels of MAGE-A expression are restored in the PRKDC-complemented cell line M059J/Fus1, suggesting that the presence of DNA-PK is required for MAGE-A gene transcription. We also show that the MAGE-A1 promoter is methylated in M059J, while the promoter is demethylated in M059K and M059J/Fus1. Other genes, including all three major histocompatibility class I (HLA) genes, BENE, and an unnamed gene related to CNIL(CORNICHON-like), display an opposite expression profile (i.e., they are upregulated in the DNA-PK-deficient cell line, but show low levels of expression in both M059K and in the PRKDC-complemented cell line). For these genes, differential expression does not correlate with DNA methylation in upstream promoter sequences. Our results suggest that the presence of DNA-PK can exert effects on gene expression by various mechanisms and pathways, thus affecting overall cell physiology even in the absence of DNA damage.
Extremely high electron mobility in Si/SiGe modulation-doped heterostructures (1995)

We report record high electron mobility in modulation-doped Si/SiGe. Samples grown by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV-CVD) with mobility values in the range of 3.2–5.2×105 cm2/V s have been measured at 0.4 K. The current and temperature dependence of the magnetoresistance in those samples have been examined and the scattering times are deduced from these measurements. At high magnetic field (≳10 T), fractional quantum Hall filling factors have been observed, and the corresponding activation energies have been calculated. These are significantly larger than previously reported values in Si/SiGe, and are comparable to those in GaAs/AlGaAs modulation-doped heterostructures with mobility higher than 1×106 cm2/V s.
Composite Organic−Inorganic Nanoparticles as Raman Labels for Tissue Analysis (2007)

Composite organic-inorganic nanoparticles (COINs) are novel optical labels for detection of biomolecules. We have previously developed methods to encapsulate COINs and to functionalize them with antibodies. Here we report the first steps toward application of COINs to the detection of proteins in human tissues. Two analytes, PSA and CK18, are detected simultaneously using two different COINs in a direct binding assay, and two different COINs are shown to simultaneously label PSA in tissue samples.
Light emission by multipole sources in thin layers I Radiation patterns of electric and magnetic dipoles (1981)

The emission of light by sources, e.g., by luminescent centers, located in a thin nonabsorbing dielectric layer 0 between two half-spaces 1 and 2 is investigated theoretically. It is assumed that the light is emitted in electric or magnetic dipole transitions. But the theory is given in such a form that it can easily be extended to electric and magnetic quadrupole and higher-order multipole transitions. The electromagnetic boundary-value problem is solved rigorously for sources in layers 0 of arbitrary thickness. The radiation patterns, i.e., the angular distributions of light emitted into the half-spaces 1 and 2, are calculated. The theory takes into account the following effects that strongly influence the radiation patterns: (1) the wide-angle interferences that are a consequence of the coherence of the plane waves emitted into different directions, (2) the multiple-beam interferences that result from the multiple reflections of the plane waves between the interfaces 0/1 and 0/2, and (3) that evanescent waves present in the near field of the source radiate into media 1 and/or 2 if these media are denser than layer 0. This emission process is influenced by evanescent-wave effects analogous to the wide-angle interferences and the multiple-beam interferences of the plane waves. The limiting case of extremely thin layers 0 with optical thickness much smaller than the wavelength is also treated. Explicit analytical expressions are presented for the dipole radiation patterns in this case. Furthermore, the theory is generalized for sources in plane-stratified-layer systems. The dipole radiation patterns are derived for the case in which any numbers of loss-free or absorbing, dielectric or metallic thin films are present between the loss-free layer 0 of arbitrary thickness containing the source and the half-spaces 1 and 2.
A-RAM: Novel capacitor-less DRAM memory (2009)

A totally different capacitor-less, single-transistor memory cell (1T-DRAM) is proposed and documented. Its novelty comes from the body partitioning in two distinct regions, where electrons and holes are respectively confined. As compared to earlier 1T-DRAMs, the coexistence and coupling of electrons and holes is maintained even in ultrathin fully depleted MOSFETs. Selected simulations demonstrate attractive performance and great potential for embedded memory applications.
A Novel Protease-docking Function of Integrin at Invadopodia (1999)

Invadopodia are membrane extensions of aggressive tumor cells that function in the activation of membrane-bound proteases occurring during tumor cell invasion. We explore a novel and provocative activity of integrins in docking proteases to sites of invasion, termed invadopodia. In the absence of collagen, alpha(3)beta(1) integrin and the gelatinolytic enzyme, seprase, exist as nonassociating membrane proteins. Type I collagen substratum induces the association of alpha(3)beta(1) integrin with seprase as a complex on invadopodia. The results show that alpha(3)beta(1) integrin is a docking protein for seprase to form functional invadopodia. In addition, alpha(5)beta(1) integrin may participate in the adhesion process necessary for invadopodial formation. Thus, alpha(3)beta(1) and alpha(5)beta(1) integrins play major organizational roles in the adhesion and formation of invadopodia, promoting invasive cell behavior.
Controlled Growth of Super-Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Spinning Continuous Unidirectional Sheets with Tunable Physical Properties (2008)

We report controlled syntheses of super-aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays with the desired tube-diameter, number of walls, and length for spinning continuous unidirectional sheets to meet a variety of industrial demands. The tube-diameter distribution of super-aligned arrays is well controlled by varying the thicknesses of catalyst films, and the length of them is tuned by the growth time. Further investigation indicates that the physical properties of the unidirectional sheets, such as electrical transport, optical transmittance, and light emission properties, can be well tuned by the tube-diameter- and length-controlled growth. This work extends the understanding of the super-aligned CNT arrays and will be very helpful in developing further applications.
Laboratory-Based Model of Microbiologically Induced Corrosion of Copper (1991)

The interactions of bacteria isolated from corroded copper coupons on thin films of copper evaporated onto germanium internal reflection elements were evaluated nondestructively in real time by attentuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The films were stable in the presence of flowing or static sterile culture medium. When exposed to and colonized by the bacterium CCI 8, the copper thin film corroded. Corrosion was enhanced under quiescent conditions. In conjunction with corrosion of the copper thin film was an increase in the concentration of polysaccharide material at the copper-biofilm interface. A different bacterium (CCI 11) did not corrode the copper thin film, and the establishment of this bacterium on the copper surface prevented corrosion of the thin film by CCI 8.
Synthetic Ribozymes and the First Deoxyribozyme (1995)

Artifical enzymes based on nucleic acids can be more versatile than their natural analogues, the ribozymes. Recently Joyce et al. produced a ribozyme that can hydrolyze amide bonds and a deoxyribozyme (a DNA enzyme!) that specifically cleaves the phosphodiester bond of a ribonucleotide with Pb 2+ as a cofactor. For the synthesis of RNA and DNA enzymes the method of choice is in vitro selection combined with in vitro evolution.
Tissue Engineering of Bone (1999)

Skeletal tissue regeneration requires the interaction of three basic biologic elements: cells, growth and differentiation factors, and extracellular matrix scaffolds. Therapeutic approaches for tissue engineered repair of bone defects have attempted to mimic the natural process of bone repair by delivering a source of cells capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, inductive growth and differentiation factors, or bioresorbable scaffolding matrices to support cellular attachment, migration, and proliferation. Sophisticated designs even have tried to combine two or more of these elements. The development of cell based approaches has advanced dramatically in recent years as an understanding of musculoskeletal cell biology improves. Cell based approaches do not depend on the presence of local osteoprogenitors for the synthesis of new bone and, as a result, they particularly are attractive for patients who have a diminished pool of these progenitors, or in whom the host tissue bed has been compromised. This review highlights the development of cell based approaches for the tissue engineering of bone, and offers perspectives on the optimal elements for success. Although logistical and regulatory issues remain to be solved, cell based therapies for the repair of clinically significant bone defects rapidly are approaching clinical feasibility.
Phylogenetic relationships in auriculariaceous basidiomycetes based on 25S ribosomal DNA sequences (1995)

The nucleotide sequences of the 5′ end of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA were obtained for 15 basidiomycetes representing a diversity of orders, including Agaricostilbales, Atractiellales, Auriculariales sensu lato, Boletales, Septobasidiales, Tilletiales, Uredinales and Ustilaginales. These sequences were analyzed together with additional GenBank sequences for three basidiomycetes, five ascomycetes, and a zygomycete, using methods of maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and minimum-evolution. Using Mucor racemosus as an outgroup, the basidiomycetes analyzed under models of maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony formed nearly identical trees each composed of seven distinct clades: the smuts and bunts, a complex-septate group, two separate groups of auriculariaceous simple-septate species, the rusts and two unique branches each comprising a single taxon Agaricostilbum pulcherrimum and Cryptococcus neoformans. The minimum-evolution topology was different from the former two trees in the placement of the smuts and bunts with respect to the complex septate taxa, the position of Agaricostilbum pulcherrimum and the localized structure of the clade containing the taxa Eocronartium muscicola, Pachnocybe ferruginea and Septobasidium carestianum. Relative rate tests of nucleotide substitutions based on maximum likelihood estimations suggest significant evolutionary rate differences among the orders. To statistically differentiate among the different topologies, all trees were subjected to a likelihood variance test. Under assumptions of maximum likelihood, the test rejected the minimum-evolution tree but did not discriminate against any of the topologies generated by either maximum likelihood or maximum parsimony. These results suggest that the 5′ end of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA is useful for intergeneric comparisons of basidiomycetous fungi. The sequence data clarify the relationships among the genera of the Auriculariales sensu lato and support the hypothesis that the Uredinales are a derived group.
Kinetic protonation of enols, enolates, and analogs. The stereochemistry of ketonization (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleKinetic protonation of enols, enolates, and analogs. The stereochemistry of ketonizationHoward E. ZimmermanCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1987, 20, 7, 263–268Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00139a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00139a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1108Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New local hyperthermia using dextran magnetite complex (DM) for oral cavity: experimental study in normal hamster tongue (2001)

The possibility of dextran magnetite complex (DM) as a new hyperthermic material was examined in this study. DM suspension of 56 mg ml(-1) iron concentration was locally injected into the normal tongue of golden hamster. DM injected tongues were heated by 500 kHz alternating current (AC) magnetic field and its serial changes in temperature were recorded at 30-s intervals. The temperature of DM injected tongue was maintained at about 43.0-45.0 degrees C for 30 min by changing the AC magnetic field intensity. While temperature elevations of the contralateral tongue and the rectum were only of minor degree. In experiment on the extent of heating area, there was correlation between volume of black stain area and amount of the injected DM suspension (Y = - 18.1 + 1.94X, r = 0.931, P < 0.0001, n = 9 ). Histological examination after heating revealed brown uniform DM accumulation in the connective tissue between fibers of the tongue muscle. Except for vascular dilatations, no tissue damage was seen in the heated tongue. Thus, DM which has the possibility of selective and uniform heating in local hyperthermia might be useful for oral cancer therapy.
When pathogenic bacteria meet the intestinal microbiota (2016)

The intestinal microbiota is a large and diverse microbial community that inhabits the intestinal tract, containing about 100 trillion bacteria from 500-1000 distinct species that, collectively, provide multiple benefits to the host. The gut microbiota contributes to nutrient absorption and maturation of the immune system, and also plays a central role in protection of the host from enteric bacterial infection. On the other hand, many enteric pathogens have developed strategies in order to be able to outcompete the intestinal community, leading to infection and/or chronic diseases. This review will summarize findings describing the complex relationship occurring between the intestinal microbiota and enteric pathogens, as well as how future therapies can ultimately benefit from such discoveries.This article is part of the themed issue 'The new bacteriology'.
Bilateral Spreading Cerebral Hypoperfusion during Spontaneous Migraine Headache (1994)

Although decreases in regional cerebral blood flow are known to occur in relation to migraine headache, the pattern of the alterations in blood flow has not been precisely delineated. Olesen et al. have described a series of patients who had migraine headaches during serial cerebral blood-flow measurement by the intracarotid xenon-133 technique.1 They observed a pattern of localized decreases in flow that appeared to spread contiguously along the cerebral cortex. These observations were confirmed in subsequent studies,2,3 and with very few exceptions1,4 the pattern of “spreading oligemia” or “spreading hypoperfusion”5 has been apparent only in patients who have . . .
A 0.18-&lt;tex&gt;$muhbox m$&lt;/tex&gt;CMOS Bioluminescence Detection Lab-on-Chip (2006)

The paper describes a bioluminescence detection lab-on-chip consisting of a fiber-optic faceplate with immobilized luminescent reporters/probes that is directly coupled to an optical detection and processing CMOS system-on-chip (SoC) fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m process. The lab-on-chip is customized for such applications as determining gene expression using reporter gene assays, determining intracellular ATP, and sequencing DNA. The CMOS detection SoC integrates an 8 /spl times/ 16 pixel array having the same pitch as the assay site array, a 128-channel 13-bit ADC, and column-level DSP, and is fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m image sensor process. The chip is capable of detecting emission rates below 10/sup -6/ lux over 30 s of integration time at room temperature. In addition to directly coupling and matching the assay site array to the photodetector array, this low light detection is achieved by a number of techniques, including the use of very low dark current photodetectors, low-noise differential circuits, high-resolution analog-to-digital conversion, background subtraction, correlated multiple sampling, and multiple digitizations and averaging to reduce read noise. Electrical and optical characterization results as well as preliminary biological testing results are reported.