gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chip-Level Channel Equalization in WCDMA Downlink (2002)

The most important third generation (3G) cellular communications standard is based on wideband CDMA (WCDMA). Receivers based on TDMA style channel equalization at the chip level have been proposed for a WCDMA downlink employing long spreading sequences to ensure adequate performance even with a high number of active users. These receivers equalize the channel prior to despreading, thus restoring the orthogonality of users and resulting in multiple-access interference (MAI) suppression. In this paper, an overview of chip-level channel equalizers is delivered with special attention to adaptation methods suitable for the WCDMA downlink. Numerical examples on the equalizers′ performance are given in Rayleigh fading frequency-selective channels.
A phase I trial combining high-dose 90Y-labeled humanized anti-CEA monoclonal antibody with doxorubicin and peripheral blood stem cell rescue in advanced medullary thyroid cancer. (2005)

This treatment combination was well tolerated with complete recovery of blood counts and reversible nonhematologic toxicities at the maximum tolerated dose of 1,480 MBq/m2. Evidence of antitumor response in these patients with advanced cancer was modest, but encouraging; this type of treatment may be more successful if applied to more limited, earlier-stage disease.
A new point mutation in the luteinising hormone receptor gene in familial and sporadic male limited precocious puberty: genotype does not always correlate with phenotype. (1996)

Genomic DNA from two families with male limited precocious puberty was examined for mutations of the LH receptor gene. In family 1, several members of the pedigree have FMPP, whereas in family 2 there is only one affected subject. A point mutation (T --&gt; C at nucleotide 1192) resulting in substitution of threonine for methionine 398 in the second transmembrane domain of the LH receptor protein was found in both families. In addition, one member of family 1 has the mutation, but no evidence of precocious puberty. All obligate carriers within this family were shown to have the mutation, and it was not detected in 94 chromosomes from unaffected and unrelated white subjects. In family 2, the index case was the only one to have the mutation. A previously unreported neutral dimorphism (C --&gt; T at nucleotide 1065) is also described.
Liver-targeted antiviral nucleosides: Enhanced antiviral activity of phosphatidyl-dideoxyguanosine versus dideoxyguanosine in woodchuck hepatitis virus infection in vivo (1996)

It would be desirable to develop antiviral agents that can be targeted to liver to enhance their antiviral effects and reduce nonhepatic toxicity. 2',3'-Dideoxyguanosine (ddG) has been found to be a potent and selective antihepatitis B agent both in vitro and in vivo. To evaluate ddG and its liver-targeted analog, we synthesized a series of phosphatidyl-ddGs and incubated them with 2.2.15 cells, which chronically produce hepatitis B virus. 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidyl- dideoxyguanosine (DPP-ddG) inhibited the production of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the culture medium by 90% at 4.5 mumol/L versus 9.1 mumol/L for ddG, while the liposome vehicle itself had no effect. To compare the efficacy of free ddG with its lipid prodrug in vivo, we treated woodchucks that were experimentally infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) for 4 weeks by intraperitoneal injection of 2.6 mumol/kg/d of free ddG or liposomes containing 2.6 mumol/kg/d of DPP- ddG. Liposomal DPP-ddG reduced serum WHV DNA by 23- to 46-fold at the end of the fourth week, while free ddG reduced serum WHV DNA by 2.2- to 10.4-fold. Treatment with small unilamellar liposomes containing DPP- ddG is substantially more effective than free ddG in reducing WHV-DNA levels in serum in WHV-infected woodchucks. The data suggest that the use of lipid prodrugs to target the liver may be useful in enhancing antiviral therapy of hepatitis. (Hepatology 1996 May;23(5):958-63)
Electrochemical Performance of Sol-Gel Synthesized LiFePO[sub 4] in Lithium Batteries (2004)

and were synthesized via a sol-gel method using a variety of processing conditions. For comparison, was also synthesized from iron acetate by a solid-state method. The electrochemical performance of these materials in lithium cells was evaluated and correlated to powder morphology and residual carbon structure, as determined by Raman microprobe spectroscopy. For materials with mean agglomerate sizes below 20 μm, an association between structure and crystallinity of the residual carbon and improved utilization was observed. Addition of small amounts of organic compounds or polymers during processing results in carbon coatings with higher graphitization ratios and better electronic properties on the samples and improves cell performance in some cases, even though total carbon contents remain low (<2%). In contrast, no performance enhancement was seen for samples doped with Mg or Ti. These results suggest that it should be possible to design high-power electrodes without unduly compromising energy density by optimizing the carbon coating on the particles. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase gene on the proximal short arm of the X chromosome: implications for X-linked retinal disorders (1996)

We report the cloning of a novel human cDNA which encodes a 690 amino acid protein with high homology to ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolases. Northern blot analysis shows expression of a 3.3 kb transcript in all tissues examined, with 5- to 10-fold higher levels in retina than elsewhere. We mapped the structural gene to Xp21.2-p11.2. This gene's relatively high levels of retinal expression and recent work showing that perturbations in protein turnover and processing can lead to retinal disease make it an excellent candidate for several X-linked retinal disorders mapping within this interval. Additionally, there is evidence that members of the ubiquitin hydrolase family may play a role in oncogenesis and a locus implicated in ovarian cancer is also located within this region.
Applications of Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins to Materials Chemistry (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
IL-6 and VEGF in small cell lung cancer patients. (2010)

Recent data suggest a link between chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, and the development of cancer. The aim of this study was the evaluation of serum IL-6 and VEGF in comparison with the tumor markers NSE and ProGRP, with respect to the prognosis of small cell lung cancer patients. The study of IL-6, VEGF, NSE, ProGRP and platelet count was performed in a group of 72 patients with previously untreated small cell lung cancer at different stages of disease: 40 with limited and 32 with extensive disease. Significantly higher IL-6 and VEGF concentrations and platelet count, as well as NSE and ProGRP levels, were found in patients with small cell lung cancer in comparison with the reference group. Patients with extensive cancer had significantly higher levels of IL-6, VEGF, NSE and ProGRP than those with limited cancer. Elevated VEGF levels, with no significant differences in frequency of elevated NSE and ProGRP concentrations, were often observed in patients with IL-6 levels higher than 5.1 ng/l. Univariate analysis confirmed a significant relationship not only between overall survival and stage of disease or gender, but also with VEGF, IL-6, NSE and ProGRP levels. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that only the extent of the disease and IL-6 may be independent prognostic factors in the group of small cell lung cancer patients under investigation. However, simultaneous determinations of ProGRP and IL-6, as well as ProGRP and VEGF, in addition to the extent of the disease, may serve as additional, independent prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer.
Strategies for Electrochemical Detection in Immunochemistry (2009)

In this review, the current status of research in electrochemical immunosensors is considered. We primarily focus on label-free and enzyme-labeled immunosensors, and the analytical capabilities of these devices are discussed. Moreover, the use of magnetic beads as new materials for immunosensors coupled with electrochemical sensing is also described, together with the application of new molecules such as aptamers as specific biorecognition elements. Examples of the applicability of these devices in solving various analytical problems in clinical, environmental and food fields are reported. Finally, the prospects for the further development of immunosensor technologies are shown.
JCat: a novel tool to adapt codon usage of a target gene to its potential expression host (2005)

A novel method for the adaptation of target gene codon usage to most sequenced prokaryotes and selected eukaryotic gene expression hosts was developed to improve heterologous protein production. In contrast to existing tools, JCat (Java Codon Adaptation Tool) does not require the manual definition of highly expressed genes and is, therefore, a very rapid and easy method. Further options of JCat for codon adaptation include the avoidance of unwanted cleavage sites for restriction enzymes and Rho-independent transcription terminators. The output of JCat is both graphically and as Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) values given for the pasted sequence and the newly adapted sequence. Additionally, a list of genes in FASTA-format can be uploaded to calculate CAI values. In one example, all genes of the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans were adapted to Escherichia coli codon usage and further optimized to avoid commonly used restriction sites. In a second example, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa exbD gene codon usage was adapted to E.coli codon usage with parallel avoidance of the same restriction sites. For both, the degree of introduced changes was documented and evaluated. JCat is integrated into the PRODORIC database that hosts all required information on the various organisms to fulfill the requested calculations. JCat is freely accessible at http://www.prodoric.de/JCat.
Ti:sapphire laser produces intense sub-5-fs pulses (1997)

Record multigigawatt short pulses are achieved by a titanium-doped sapphire laser system using krypton-filled hollow quartz fiber for spectral broadening and dispersive delay line for pulse compression.
Specific Recognition and Killing of Glioblastoma Multiforme by Interleukin 13-Zetakine Redirected Cytolytic T Cells (2004)

The interleukin (IL) 13 receptor alpha2 (IL13Ralpha2) is a glioma-restricted cell-surface epitope not otherwise detected within the central nervous system. Here, we describe a novel approach for targeting glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with IL13Ralpha2-specific cytolytic T cells (CTLs) by their genetic modification to express a membrane-tethered IL13 cytokine chimeric T-cell antigen receptor, or zetakine. Our prototype zetakine incorporates an IL13 E13Y mutein for selective binding to IL13Ralpha2. Human IL13-zetakine(+)CD8(+) CTL transfectants display IL13Ralpha2-specific antitumor effector function including tumor cell cytolysis, T(C)1 cytokine production, and zetakine-regulated autocrine proliferation. The E13Y amino acid substitution of the IL13 mutein of the zetakine endows CTL transfectants with the capacity to discriminate between IL13Ralpha2(+) GBM targets from targets expressing IL13Ralpha1. In vivo, the adoptive transfer of IL13-zetakine(+)CD8(+) CTL clones results in the regression of established human glioblastoma orthotopic xenografts. Pilot clinical trials have been initiated to evaluate the feasibility and safety of local-regional delivery of autologous IL13-zetakine redirected CTL clones in patients with recurrent GBM. Our IL13-zetakine is a prototype of a new class of chimeric immunoreceptors that signal through an engineered immune synapse composed of membrane-tethered cytokine muteins bound to cell-surface cytokine receptors on tumors.
Combination therapy protects ischemic brain in rats. A glutamate antagonist plus a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist. (1994)

Combination therapy, using a glutamate antagonist and a GABA-A agonist, appeared to protect the brain and ameliorate a defect in learning behavior after stroke. The combination may have been more effective than either agent used alone, although further study of higher doses is needed.
The TM5 MADS Box Gene Mediates Organ Differentiation in the Three Inner Whorls of Tomato Flowers. (1994)

The tomato MADS box gene no. 5 (TM5) is shown here to be expressed in meristematic domains fated to form the three inner whorls-petals, stamens, and gynoecia-of the tomato flower. TM5 is also expressed during organogenesis and in the respective mature organs of these three whorls. This is unlike the major organ identity genes of the MADS box family from Antirrhinum and Arabidopsis, which function in overlapping primordial territories consisting of only two floral whorls each. The developmental relevance of the unique expression pattern of this putative homeotic gene was examined in transgenic plants. In agreement with the expression patterns, antisense RNA of the TM5 gene conferred both early and late alterations of morphogenetic markers. Early defects consist of additional whorls or of a wrong number of organs per whorl. Late, organ-specific changes include evergreen, cauline, and unabscised petals; green, dialytic, and sterile anthers; and sterile carpels and defective styles on which glandular trichomes characteristic of sepals and petals are ectopically formed. However, a complete homeotic transformation of either organ was not observed. The early and late floral phenotypes of TM5 antisense plants suggest that TM5 mediates two unrelated secondary regulatory systems. One system is the early function of the floral meristem identity genes, and the other system is the function of the major floral organ identity genes.
Wound healing in the liver with particular reference to stem cells (1998)

The efficiency of liver regeneration in response to the loss of hepatocytes is widely acknowledged, and this is usually accomplished by the triggering of normally proliferatively quiescent hepatocytes into the cell cycle. However, when regeneration is defective, tortuous ductular structures, initially continuous with the biliary tree, proliferate and migrate into the surrounding hepatocyte parenchyma. In humans, these biliary cells have variously been referred to as ductular structures, neoductules and neocholangioles, and have been observed in many forms of chronic liver disease, including cancer. In experimental animals, similar ductal cells are usually called oval cells, and their association with impaired regeneration has led to the conclusion that they are the progeny of facultative stem cells. Oval cells are of considerable biological interest as they may represent a target population for hepatic carcinogens, and they may also be useful vehicles for ex vivo gene therapy for the correction of inborn errors of metabolism. This review proposes that the liver harbours stem cells that are located in the biliary epithelium, that oval cells are the progeny of these stem cells, and that these cells can undergo massive expansion in their numbers before differentiating into hepatocytes. This is a conditional process that only occurs when the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes is overwhelmed, and thus, unlike the intestinal epithelium, the liver is not behaving as a classical, continually renewing, stem cell-fed lineage. We focus on the biliary network, not merely as a conduit for bile, but also as a cell compartment with the ability to proliferate under appropriate conditions and give rise to fully differentiated hepatocytes and other cell types.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) and Activin Type II Receptors Balance BMP9 Signals Mediated by Activin Receptor-like Kinase-1 in Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells (2009)

Mutations in transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor superfamily members underlie conditions characterized by vascular dysplasia. Mutations in endoglin and activin-like kinase receptor 1 (ALK1) cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, whereas bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR-II) mutations underlie familial pulmonary arterial hypertension. To understand the functional roles of these receptors, we examined their relative contributions to BMP signaling in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs). BMP9 potently and selectively induced Smad1/5 phosphorylation and Id gene expression in HPAECs. Contrary to expectations, BMP9 also stimulated Smad2 activation. Furthermore, BMP9 induced the expression of interleukin 8 and E-selectin. Using small interfering RNA, we demonstrate that the type I receptor, ALK1, is essential for these responses. However, small interfering RNA and inhibitor studies showed no involvement of ALK5 or endoglin. We further demonstrate that, of the candidate type II receptors, BMPR-II predominantly mediated IL-8 and E-selectin induction and mitogenic inhibition by BMP9. Conversely, activin receptor type II (ActR-II) contributed more to BMP9-mediated Smad2 activation. Only abolition of both type II receptors significantly reduced the Smad1/5 and Id responses. Both ALK1 and BMPR-II contributed to growth inhibition of HPAECs, whereas ActR-II was not involved. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the critical role of type II receptors in balancing BMP9 signaling via ALK1 and emphasize the essential role for BMPR-II in a subset of BMP9 responses (interleukin 8, E-selectin, and proliferation). This differential signaling may contribute to the contrasting pathologies of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
The Preparation of 5-Aryl-5-methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles from Dilithiated C(α), O -Oximes and Select Acetyl Ketones (2003)

Abstract Several 5-aryl-5-methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles were prepared by a three-step, one-pot process in 24–83% yield. C(α),O-oximes were dilithiated with lithium diisopropylamide and condensed with electron enriched acetophenones, such as 4′-methoxyacetophenone, followed by immediate acid cyclization.
Cytotoxic effect of anti-Mr 67,000 protein immunotoxins on human tumors in a nude mouse model. (1985)

We have studied the potential use of immunotoxins (ITs) for therapeutic treatment of human tumors in an experimental model of human neoplasia. We tested intact ricin IT for its antitumor activity against established tumors. CEM, a human T-cell leukemia line expressing an Mr 67,000 cell surface antigen, and Daudi, a human B-cell lymphoma line which does not express the antigen, were found to be consistently tumorigenic in nude mice. ITs were synthesized using T101, a high-affinity monoclonal antibody reacting with the Mr 67,000 protein determinant and intact ricin. We have shown for the first time that established CEM solid tumors in nude mice will regress following intratumoral injection of T101-ricin IT, while Daudi tumors will not. Selective activity of T101-ricin is dependent on systemic i.v. administration of lactose and local intratumoral injection of the T101-ricin IT with lactose. Intact ricin ITs require the presence of lactose to block native ricin binding and render them antigen specific when linked to monoclonal antibody. Killing of target was cell specific since (a) nonspecific (irrelevant) ITs did not cause the regression of CEM tumors, and (b) injection of large amounts of free T101 antibody prior to T101-ricin IT blocked antitumor activity. Selectivity was not absolute, since regression occurred in one of six animals given irrelevant IT, and blocking was observed in two of four mice. Intratumoral IT treatment with 1 or 2 micrograms of T101-ricin IT plus lactose was not harmful to mice in contrast to intratumoral ricin treatment, which killed all treated tumor-bearing mice at a dose of 0.3 micrograms. Without i.v. injection of lactose, intratumoral injection of T101-ricin IT was also effective in eliminating established tumors. However, this treatment did not result in the selective elimination of tumor, since Daudi tumors also regressed following T101-ricin IT treatment. IT, made with ricin A chain only (T101-A chain IT), was also tested against established CEM tumors. We found that high dosages of T101-A chain IT did not destroy CEM tumors when injected intratumorally, even in the presence of activating agents such as NH4Cl or the carboxylic ionophore X-537 A. In contrast, in vitro experiments demonstrated that T101-A chain IT plus activating agents had potent and selective cytotoxic effect against CEM cells. We conclude that ITs are specifically toxic to established tumors. Although selectivity is not absolute, ITs exhibit potential as a new class of antitumor reagents.
Ion permeation in normal and batrachotoxin-modified Na+ channels in the squid giant axon. (1991)

Na+ permeation through normal and batrachotoxin (BTX)-modified squid axon Na+ channels was characterized. Unmodified and toxin-modified Na+ channels were studied simultaneously in outside-out membrane patches using the cut-open axon technique. Current-voltage relations for both normal and BTX-modified channels were measured over a wide range of Na+ concentrations and voltages. Channel conductance as a function of Na+ concentration curves showed that within the range 0.015-1 M Na+ the normal channel conductance is 1.7-2.5-fold larger than the BTX-modified conductance. These relations cannot be fitted by a simple Langmuir isotherm. Channel conductance at low concentrations was larger than expected from a Michaelis-Menten behavior. The deviations from the simple case were accounted for by fixed negative charges located in the vicinity of the channel entrances. Fixed negative charges near the pore mouths would have the effect of increasing the local Na+ concentration. The results are discussed in terms of energy profiles with three barriers and two sites, taking into consideration the effect of the fixed negative charges. Either single- or multi-ion pore models can account for all the permeation data obtained in both symmetric and asymmetric conditions. In a temperature range of 5-15 degrees C, the estimated Q10 for the conductance of the BTX-modified Na+ channel was 1.53. BTX appears not to change the Na+ channel ion selectively (for the conditions used) or the surface charge located near the channel entrances.
A highly linear 25dBm outphasing power amplifier in 32nm CMOS for WLAN application (2010)

An outphasing power amplifier (PA) is designed and implemented in a 32nm digital CMOS process. The PA uses a transformer power combining configuration with reduced losses at backoff power. In the range of 2.2-2.5GHz, this PA gives 25dBm peak CW power with 40% total efficiency (includes all drivers). The class-D PA takes advantage of 32nm switching speed to achieve good linearity performance. The PA delivers 18dBm average power with 18% total efficiency while meeting 64-QAM WLAN requirements, with no need for linearization.