gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zinc Therapy in Dermatology: A Review (2014)

Zinc, both in elemental or in its salt forms, has been used as a therapeutic modality for centuries. Topical preparations like zinc oxide, calamine, or zinc pyrithione have been in use as photoprotecting, soothing agents or as active ingredient of antidandruff shampoos. Its use has expanded manifold over the years for a number of dermatological conditions including infections (leishmaniasis, warts), inflammatory dermatoses (acne vulgaris, rosacea), pigmentary disorders (melasma), and neoplasias (basal cell carcinoma). Although the role of oral zinc is well-established in human zinc deficiency syndromes including acrodermatitis enteropathica, it is only in recent years that importance of zinc as a micronutrient essential for infant growth and development has been recognized. The paper reviews various dermatological uses of zinc.
Effect of van der Waals Interactions on the Raman Modes in Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2001)

We have measured the Raman spectrum of individual single walled carbon nanotubes in solution and compare it to that obtained from the same starting material where the tubes are present in ordered bundles or ropes. Interestingly, the radial mode frequencies for the tubes in solution are found to be approximately 10 cm (-1) higher than those observed for tubes in a rope, in apparent contradiction to lattice dynamics predictions. We suggest that there is no such contradiction, and propose that the upshift is due rather to a decreased energy spacing of the Van Hove singularities in isolated tubes over the spacings in a rope, thereby allowing the same laser excitation to excite different diameter tubes in these two samples.
HER‐2‐Targeted Nanoparticle–Affibody Bioconjugates for Cancer Therapy (2008)

Affibodies are a class of polypeptide ligand that are potential candidates for tissue-specific targeting of drug-encapsulated controlled release polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). We developed drug delivery vehicles composed of polymeric NPs surface modified with affibody ligands that bind the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) for targeted delivery to cells that overexpress the HER-2 antigen.
Shedding Light on Cell Signaling: Interpretation of FRET Biosensors (2003)

This Perspective compares recently developed approaches for studying live-cell signaling dynamics. It is now possible not only to study the changing localizations of proteins within living cells but to correlate these dynamics with quantitation of protein activities, including ligand interactions and phosphorylation. Initial applications of an increasingly varied toolchest of techniques have revealed strengths and weaknesses in each approach, clarifying which tool is best for which job.
Decoupled Kalman filters for phased array radar tracking (1983)

Kalman filters have been used in numerous phased array radars to track satellites, reentry vehicles, and missiles. This paper considers the design of these filters to reduce computational requirements, ill-conditioning, and the effects of nonlinearities. Several special coordinate systems used to represent the Kalman filter error covariance matrix are described. These covariance coordinates facilitate the approximate decoupling required for practical filter design. A tutorial discussion and analysis of ill-conditioning in Kalman filters is used to motivate these design considerations. This analysis also explains several well-known phenomena reported in the literature. In addition, a discussion of nonlinearities and methods to mitigate their ill effects is included.
Conjunctival Allergen Challenge (1990)

To evaluate antiallergic agents, we conducted five allergen challenge studies of increasing refinement. The final study design that evolved included two baseline visits, when skin test-positive subjects were administered a bilateral ocular allergen challenge. At the first visit, the threshold dose of reactivity was determined by increasing allergen doses at 10-minute intervals. At the second baseline visit, 3 days later, the responsive subjects were challenged with the final, highest dose used on visit 1 to assure that the allergic reaction was reproducible and not a cumulative effect of multiple allergen doses. The responsive subjects then returned 3 days later for the drug efficacy evaluation. After a slit-lamp examination, subjects were pretreated with the test drug in one eye and the placebo in the fellow eye in a randomized, double-masked fashion. After 10 minutes, subjects were challenged bilaterally with the allergen dose identified on the previous visits. Postchallenge evaluations of hyperemia, itching, chemosis, eyelid swelling, and tearing were performed at 3, 10, and 20 minutes. Subjects were rechallenged 4 hours after drug administration to assess duration of action. Slit-lamp examinations were again performed at the same intervals as after the initial challenge. A total of 396 subjects were given a baseline allergen challenge; 83.6% responded with a moderate (2+) ocular allergic reaction. Of the 266 given a second baseline challenge, 87.2% responded positively again, suggesting that ocular challenge was highly correlated with skin reactivity and reproducible with a second challenge. No statistically significant difference in redness and itching was found when both eyes were challenged with the same dose of allergen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Automatic inspection of hazardous materials by mobile robot (2002)

There is no safe disposal technique for waste drums containing low-level radioactive waste and toxic substances, so they are stored in remote warehouses and closely monitored for signs of deterioration. There is a potentially very cost-effective approach to drum inspection, based on autonomous robot navigation, computer vision, and change detection based on automatic image registration and subtraction. The operational concept is an autonomous mobile platform with a camera mounted on a custom designed positioning mechanism. The mobile robot will automatically navigate from its charging station to each of the aisles in the warehouse, positioning the camera in front of each drum in an aisle. An image of the drum taken at an earlier date will be compared directly and automatically with a new image of the drum. Any changes that occur may indicate deterioration, and these changes will be analyzed automatically to determine if a human inspector should examine the inspection images to interpret the changes. In this paper we explain the key intelligent systems technologies that make automatic inspection for change feasible, the challenges we face in implementing such a system, the image processing steps required for automatic change detection, and our results to date. We conclude with a discussion of other applications that could benefit from automatic robotic inspection.
Molecular and Functional Identification of Sodium Ion-dependent, High Affinity Human Carnitine Transporter OCTN2 (1998)

Primary carnitine deficiency, because of a defect of the tissue plasma membrane carnitine transporters, causes critical symptoms. However, the transporter has not been molecularly identified. In this study, we screened a human kidney cDNA library and assembled a cDNA-encoding OCTN2 as a homologue of the organic cation transporter OCTN1, and then we examined the function of OCTN2 as a carnitine transporter. OCTN2-cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 557 amino acids with 75.8% similarity to OCTN1. Northern blot analysis showed that OCTN2 is strongly expressed in kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, and placenta in adult humans. When OCTN2 was expressed in HEK293 cells, uptake of L-[3H]carnitine was strongly enhanced in a sodium-dependent manner with Km value of 4.34 microM, whereas typical substrates for previously known organic cation transporters, tetraethylammonium and guanidine, were not good substitutes. OCTN2-mediated L-[3H]carnitine transport was inhibited by the D-isomer, acetyl-D,L-carnitine, and gamma-butyrobetaine with high affinity and by glycinebetaine with lower affinity, whereas choline, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, lysine, and taurine were not inhibitory. Because the observed tissue distribution of OCTN2 is consistent with the reported distribution of carnitine transport activity and the functional characteristics of OCTN2 coincide with those reported for plasma membrane carnitine transport, we conclude that OCTN2 is a physiologically important, high affinity sodium-carnitine cotransporter in humans.
The Fingerprint Of Spirit (2013)

Adorno at the movies—given his fearsome reputation as an implacable critic of film, such a venture must smack of futility, if not outright perversity. The well-known and widely anthologized “The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception” (Adorno and Horkheimer 2002, 94–136) stands as the beginning and, mauvaise fois, mostly the end of film studies’s engagement with Adorno.
C-Terminal-Truncated Microdystrophin Recruits Dystrobrevin and Syntrophin to the Dystrophin-Associated Glycoprotein Complex and Reduces Muscular Dystrophy in Symptomatic Utrophin/Dystrophin Double-Knockout Mice (2006)

C-terminal-truncated (DeltaC) microdystrophin is being developed for Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene therapy. Encouraging results have been achieved in the mdx mouse model. Unfortunately, mdx mice do not display the same phenotype as human patients. Evaluating DeltaC microdystrophin in a symptomatic model will be of significant relevance to human trials. Utrophin/dystrophin double-knockout (u-dko) mice were developed to model severe dystrophic changes in human patients. In this study we evaluated the therapeutic effect of the DeltaR4-R23/DeltaC microdystrophin gene (DeltaR4/DeltaC) after serotype-6 adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer in neonatal u-dko muscle. At 2 months after gene transfer, the percentage of centrally nucleated myofiber was reduced from 89.2 to 3.4% and muscle weight was normalized. Furthermore, we have demonstrated for the first time that DeltaC microdystrophin can eliminate interstitial fibrosis and macrophage infiltration and restore dystrobrevin and syntrophin to the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex. Interestingly neuronal nitric oxide synthase was not restored. The most impressive results were achieved in muscle force measurement. Neonatal gene therapy increased twitch- and tetanic-specific force. It also brought the response to eccentric contraction-induced injury to the normal range. In summary, our results suggest that the DeltaR4/DeltaC microgene holds great promise in preventing muscular dystrophy.
The Enigmatic Plasmacytoid T Cells Develop into Dendritic Cells with Interleukin (IL)-3 and CD40-Ligand (1997)

A subset of CD4+CD11c-CD3- blood cells was recently shown to develop into dendritic cells when cultured with monocyte conditioned medium. Here, we demonstrate that CD4+ CD11c-CD3- cells, isolated from tonsils, correspond to the so-called plasmacytoid T cells, an obscure cell type that has long been observed by pathologists within secondary lymphoid tissues. They express CD45RA, but not markers specific for known lymphoid- or myeloid-derived cell types. They undergo rapid apoptosis in culture, unless rescued by IL-3. Further addition of CD40-ligand results in their differentiation into dendritic cells that express low levels of myeloid antigens CD13 and CD33.
Insulin in Oral Immune “Tolerance”: A One-Amino Acid Change in the B Chain Makes the Difference (1999)

Oral administration of self-Ags can dampen or prevent autoimmune processes by induction of bystander suppression. Based on encouraging results from experiments in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, clinical trials have been initiated in type 1 diabetes using human insulin as an oral Ag. However, neither the precise antigenic requirements nor the mechanism of bystander suppression are currently understood in detail. Here we report that 1) a 1-aa difference in position 30 of the insulin B chain abrogated the ability of insulin to confer protection in both NOD as well as a virus-induced transgenic mouse model for type 1 diabetes. In the latter model transgenic mice express the nucleoprotein (NP) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) under the control of the rat insulin promotor (RIP) in the pancreatic beta cells and develop diabetes only following LCMV infection; and 2) protection could be transferred with insulin B chain-restimulated but not LCMV-restimulated splenocytes from RIP-NP transgenic mice, demonstrating that the mechanism of diabetes prevention in the RIP-NP model is mediated by insulin B chain-specific, IL-4-producing regulatory cells acting as bystander suppressors.
Coevolving Strategies for General Game Playing (2007)

The General Game Playing Competition (Genesereth et al., 2005) poses a unique challenge for artificial intelligence. To be successful, a player must learn to play well in a limited number of example games encoded in first-order logic and then generalize its game play to previously unseen games with entirely different rules. Because good opponents are usually not available, learning algorithms must come up with plausible opponent strategies in order to benchmark performance. One approach to simultaneously learning all player strategies is coevolution. This paper presents a coevolutionary approach using neuroevolution of augmenting topologies to evolve populations of game state evaluators. This approach is tested on a sample of games from the General Game Playing Competition and shown to be effective: It allows the algorithm designer to minimize the amount of domain knowledge built into the system, which leads to more general game play and allows modeling opponent strategies efficiently. Furthermore, the general game playing domain proves to be a powerful tool for developing and testing coevolutionary methods
The New Physical Optics Notebook: Tutorials in Fourier Optics (1989)

Approaches the topic of physical optics with examples drawn from the physical processes described. Includes chapters on Fourier transforms, image formation, optical coherence, diffraction, interference, holography, interferometry, analog optical computing, synthetic aperture imaging, and others. Contains more than 600 photographs and line drawings and more than 650 references
Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction of Aryl Polyfluoroalkanesulfonates withO,O-Dialkyl Phosphonates (1987)

Arylphosphonates were synthesized by the reaction of aryl polyfluoroalkanesulfonates with O,O-dialkyl phosphonates in the presence of triethylamine under palladium catalysis in good to excellent yield.
Cleavage of Arabidopsis PBS1 by a Bacterial Type III Effector (2003)

Plant disease-resistance (R) proteins are thought to function as receptors for ligands produced directly or indirectly by pathogen avirulence (Avr) proteins. The biochemical functions of most Avr proteins are unknown, and the mechanisms by which they activate R proteins have not been determined. In Arabidopsis, resistance to Pseudomonas syringae strains expressing AvrPphB requires RPS5, a member of the class of R proteins that have a predicted nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeats, and PBS1, a protein kinase. AvrPphB was found to proteolytically cleave PBS1, and this cleavage was required for RPS5-mediated resistance, which indicates that AvrPphB is detected indirectly via its enzymatic activity.
Assessment of silicon MOS and carbon nanotube FET performance limits using a general theory of ballistic transistors (2003)

A simple model for ballistic nanotransistors, which extends previous work by treating both the charge control and the quantum capacitance limits of MOSFET-like transistors, is presented. We apply this new model to MOSFET-like carbon nanotube FETs (CNTFETs) and to MOSFETs at the scaling limit. The device physics for operation at ballistic and quantum capacitance limits are explored. Based on the analysis of recently reported CNTFETs, we compare CNTFETs to MOSFETs. The potential performance advantages over Si that might be achieved at the scaling limit are established by using the new model.
Secretable Chaperone Grp170 Enhances Therapeutic Activity of a Novel Tumor Suppressor, mda-7/IL-24 (2008)

Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (mda-7)/interleukin-24 (IL-24) is a cancer-specific, apoptosis-inducing gene with broad-spectrum antitumor activity, making it an ideal candidate for a novel cancer gene therapy. A systemic and sustained antitumor immune response generated at the time of initial molecular-targeted therapy would provide additional clinical benefits in cancer patients, resulting in improved prevention of tumor recurrence. In this study, we explored the therapeutic efficacy of intratumoral delivery of a nonreplicating adenoviral vector encoding mda-7/IL-24 (Ad.mda-7) and a secretable form of endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperone grp170 (Ad.sgrp170), a potent immunostimulatory adjuvant and antigen carrier. Intratumoral administration of Ad.mda-7 in combination with Ad.sgrp170 was more effective in controlling growth of TRAMP-C2 prostate tumor compared with either Ad.mda-7 or Ad.sgrp170 treatment. Generation of systemic antitumor immunity was shown by enhanced protection against subsequent tumor challenge and improved control of distant tumors. The combined treatments enhanced antigen and tumor-specific T-cell response, as indicated by increased IFN-gamma production and cytolytic activity. Antibody depletion suggests that CD8(+) T cells may be involved in the antitumor effect of the dual molecule-targeted therapies. Therefore, introducing immunostimulatory chaperone grp170 in situ strongly promotes the "immunogenic" cell death when delivered to the mda-7/IL-24-induced apoptotic tumor cells, indicating that an improved anticancer efficacy may be achieved by concurrently targeting both tumor and immune compartments. Given multiple undefined antigens present endogenously within prostate cancer, these data provide a rationale for combining sgrp170-based vaccine strategy with mda-7/IL-24-targeted cancer therapy to induce durable systemic immunity.
Hematopoietic colony-forming cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (2001)

Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated, pluripotent cells that can be maintained indefinitely in culture. Here we demonstrate that human ES cells differentiate to hematopoietic precursor cells when cocultured with the murine bone marrow cell line S17 or the yolk sac endothelial cell line C166. This hematopoietic differentiation requires fetal bovine serum, but no other exogenous cytokines. ES cell-derived hematopoietic precursor cells express the cell surface antigen CD34 and the hematopoietic transcription factors TAL-1, LMO-2, and GATA-2. When cultured on semisolid media with hematopoietic growth factors, these hematopoietic precursor cells form characteristic myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocyte colonies. Selection for CD34(+) cells derived from human ES cells enriches for hematopoietic colony-forming cells, similar to CD34 selection of primary hematopoietic tissue (bone marrow, umbilical cord blood). More terminally differentiated hematopoietic cells derived from human ES cells under these conditions also express normal surface antigens: glycophorin A on erythroid cells, CD15 on myeloid cells, and CD41 on megakaryocytes. The in vitro differentiation of human ES cells provides an opportunity to better understand human hematopoiesis and could lead to a novel source of cells for transfusion and transplantation therapies.
Phosphonitrilic compounds. XIV. Basic hydrolysis of aryloxy- and spiroarylenedioxycyclophosphazenes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphonitrilic compounds. XIV. Basic hydrolysis of aryloxy- and spiroarylenedioxycyclophosphazenesH. R. Allcock and E. J. WalshCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 13, 4538–4545Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00768a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00768a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views298Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regeneration of corticospinal axons in the rat (1977)

Abstract In the rat, a few long descending motor tracts capable of carrying an impulse and causing a propagated impulse in the ipsilateral sciatic nerve will regenerate after complete spinal cord transection. In this experiment such regeneration was found in both treated and control animals. Orthograde axonal transport of tritiated proline injected into the motor cortex labels only the corticospinal tracts in the rat spinal cord. Scintillation counts of measured lengths of spinal cord can be used as a measure of the number of labeled corticospinal axons. Comparison of radioactivity per unit length of measured cord segments taken from above and below the site of a previous spinal cord transection can give a reliable estimate of the number of labeled axons that regenerated and crossed the site of injury. Using this test we have demonstrated that some corticospinal axons had regenerated six months after spinlal cord transection in control animals, animals made tolerant to degenerating spinal cord antigens, and animals treated with cyclophosphamide. A group treated with a single 75 mg per kilogram dose of cyclophosphamide 24 hours after spinal cord transection showed the best evidence of corticospinal tract regeneration.