gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nerve growth factor prevents experimental cisplatin neuropathy (1992)

Cisplatin is a widely used antitumor agent, the dose-limiting toxicity of which is predominantly large-fiber sensory neuropathy. Prevention of such a neuropathy would extend the usefulness of this agent, allowing higher doses and longer periods of treatment. We report here that we have successfully established cisplatin neuropathy in mice measured by using behavioral, biochemical, and electrophysiological techniques, and that subcutaneous administration of human recombinant nerve growth factor (NGF) prevents or delays the neuropathy. Cisplatin administration reduced sensory ganglion levels of the peptide transmitter, calcitonin gene-related peptide, slowed nerve conduction in the tail and impaired proprioception as measured by the ability to balance on a rotating dowel. NGF coadministration appeared to prevent all these abnormalities. Treatment of the human toxic neuropathy with its well-established time of onset, simple clinical course, and the accessibility of nerve to NGF administered systemically may provide the best clinical setting for the first human trials of NGF.
Male sex determination: insights into molecular mechanisms (2011)

Disorders of sex development often arise from anomalies in the molecular or cellular networks that guide the differentiation of the embryonic gonad into either a testis or an ovary, two functionally distinct organs. The activation of the Y-linked gene Sry (sex-determining region Y) and its downstream target Sox9 (Sry box-containing gene 9) triggers testis differentiation by stimulating the differentiation of Sertoli cells, which then direct testis morphogenesis. Once engaged, a genetic pathway promotes the testis development while actively suppressing genes involved in ovarian development. This review focuses on the events of testis determination and the struggle to maintain male fate in the face of antagonistic pressure from the underlying female programme.
Quantitative phase imaging and complex field reconstruction by pupil modulation differential phase contrast (2016)

Differential phase contrast (DPC) is a non-interferometric quantitative phase imaging method achieved by using an asymmetric imaging procedure. We report a pupil modulation differential phase contrast (PMDPC) imaging method by filtering a sample's Fourier domain with half-circle pupils. A phase gradient image is captured with each half-circle pupil, and a quantitative high resolution phase image is obtained after a deconvolution process with a minimum of two phase gradient images. Here, we introduce PMDPC quantitative phase image reconstruction algorithm and realize it experimentally in a 4f system with an SLM placed at the pupil plane. In our current experimental setup with the numerical aperture of 0.36, we obtain a quantitative phase image with a resolution of 1.73μm after computationally removing system aberrations and refocusing. We also extend the depth of field digitally by 20 times to ±50μm with a resolution of 1.76μm.
Long-term culture, cloning, and surface markers of mixed leukocyte culture-derived human T lymphocytes with natural killer-like cytotoxicity. (1982)

Abstract Human lymphocytes alloactivated in mixed leukocyte cultures (MIX) can exert specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity against normal allogeneic targets and against certain cell lines. The former is directed by defined alloantigens expressed by almost all normal tissues, the latter against as yet undefined structures expressed predominantly by transformed tumor and virus-infected cells. This type of alloantigen-unrestricted cytotoxicity may be considered analogous to the spontaneous cytotoxicity mediated by unprimed, freshly isolated normal lymphocytes designated “natural killing” (NK). The NK-like cytotoxic cells recovered from MLC are shown here to be suceptible to the growth-promoting properties of interleukin 2 (IL 2) containing culture supernatants of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocytes. The NK-like cytotoxic patterns are retained for the finite (65 to &amp;gt;80 days) life spans of these IL 2-dependent cell lines. From these, clones can be isolated by limiting dilution, which manifest exclusively NK-like or alloantigen-directed cytotoxicity. The cloned cells also retain cytotoxic activity up to the end of their life spans. Surface marker phenotyping of selected clones shows that they are mature activated T cells (OKT3+, Lyt-3+, UCHT1+, HLA-DR+, HTA1−). Cloned cells can possess either of the mutually exclusive OKT4+/OKT8− or OKT4−/OKT8+ phenotypes, but with no relation to cytotoxic or helper functions. Two monoclonal antibodies, OKM1 and M522, which are known to deplete almost all NK activity from freshly prepared peripheral blood mononuclear cells, react differently on cloned cells. M522 is expressed only by clones with cytotoxic function (NK-like or alloantigen-directed), whereas 0KM1 is expressed only weakly on NK-like clones. In contrast, expression of structures detected by the rat monoclonal antibody YD1/48.HLK is restricted exclusively to those clones with NK-like function. The results presented here indicate that human NK-like phenomena are amenable to analysis at the clonal level by using IL 2-driven cell lines.
Block Copolymer Nanocomposites: Perspectives for Tailored Functional Materials (2005)

Heterogeneous materials in which the characteristic length scale of the filler material is in the nanometer range-i.e., nanocomposites-is currently one of the fastest growing areas of materials research. Polymer nanocomposites have expanded beyond the original scope of polymer-nanocrystal dispersions for refractive-index tuning or clay-filled homopolymers primarily pursued for mechanical reinforcement, to include a wide range of applications. This article highlights recent research efforts in the field of structure formation in block copolymer-based nanocomposite materials, and points out opportunities for novel materials based on inclusion of different types of nanoparticles. The use of block copolymers instead of homopolymers as the matrix is shown to afford opportunities for controlling the spatial and orientational distribution of the nanoelements. This, in turn, allows much more sophisticated tailoring of the overall properties of the composite material.
Evidence for a Second Desensitized State of β‐Adrenergic Receptor with Low Affinity for β‐Antagonists and Normal Reactivity towards β‐Agonists in Adipocyte Membranes Previously Exposed to β‐Antagonists (1979)

When adipocyte membranes are successively exposed to (-)-propranolol or (+/- alprenolol at 25 or 4 degrees C, repeatedly washed and then assayed for (-)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol binding, the apparent number of beta-adrenergic binding sites is markedly decreased. Induction of this peculiar type of receptor desensitization does not require prolonged exposure of the membranes to the beta-adrenergic antagonists (half-time: 1 min), is stereospecific, concentration-dependent and almost complete with high concentrations of antagonists. p[NH]ppG, which reduces the affinity of fat cell beta-adrenergic receptors for agonists, does not prevent the antagonist-induced decrease in the receptor number. The magnitude of the desensitizating effect induced separately by (-)-isoproterenol and (-)-propranolol is not additive in membranes exposed to both drugs, suggesting that the receptors lost after exposure to agonists are the same sites as part of those lost after exposure to antagonists. However, contrary to the results found in membranes desensitized by agonists, adenylate cyclase activity remained fully responsive to catecholamines in membranes exposed to beta-antagonists. As shown by kinetic studies on (-)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol binding, this beta-antagonist-induced receptor desensitization is reversible after prolonged incubation. These data which have never yet been described in the other reported desensitizable beta-adrenergic systems, suggest that, when exposed to beta-antagonists, the fat cell beta-adrenergic receptors undergo a conformational change leading to a peculiar state which has low affinity for antagonists but behaves towards agonists as does the receptor in its resting state.
Local, deformable precomputed radiance transfer (2005)

Precomputed radiance transfer (PRT) captures realistic lighting effects from distant, low-frequency environmental lighting but has been limited to static models or precomputed sequences. We focus on PRT for local effects such as bumps, wrinkles, or other detailed features, but extend it to arbitrarily deformable models. Our approach applies zonal harmonics (ZH) which approximate spherical functions as sums of circularly symmetric Legendre polynomials around different axes. By spatially varying both the axes and coefficients of these basis functions, we can fit to spatially varying transfer signals. Compared to the spherical harmonic (SH) basis, the ZH basis yields a more compact approximation. More important, it can be trivially rotated whereas SH rotation is expensive and unsuited for dense per-vertex or per-pixel evaluation. This property allows, for the first time, PRT to be mapped onto deforming models which re-orient the local coordinate frame. We generate ZH transfer models by fitting to PRT signals simulated on meshes or simple parametric models for thin membranes and wrinkles. We show how shading with ZH transfer can be significantly accelerated by specializing to a given lighting environment. Finally, we demonstrate real-time rendering results with soft shadows, inter-reflections, and subsurface scatter on deforming models.
Transgenic Corn Expressing a Cry9C Insecticidal Protein from Bacillus thuringiensis Protected from European Corn Borer Damage (1997)

The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), is devastating insect pest in the corn ( Zea mays L.) growing regions of North America and Europe. Field evaluations in the USA and Belgium showed that transgenic corn events expressing Cry9C, an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, tolworthi , very effectively control both generations of the European corn borer. Second to fourth instar larvae fed with leaf material of event CBH351 expressing the Cry9C protein all died within 4 d. Cry9C events, expressing high levels of the insecticidal protein, showed minimal stalk tunneling after heavy artificial infestations. Event CBH351 tested in plots containing only Cry9C transgenic plants had 0.14‐ and 0.09‐cm tunneling per stalk compared with more than 30‐ and 23‐cm tunneling per stalk for the negative controls, in the Belgium and Iowa field trial, respectively. In plots containing 30% non‐transgenic plants the event CBH351, showed only 1.45‐cm tunneling per stalk. Leaf, tassel, and pith tissue contained 39.0, 17.4, and 84.8 μg Cry9C protein mg −1 soluble protein, respectively, in analyses conducted at harvest of the Belgium trial. The implications of Cry9C use for resistance management strategies are discussed.
Hybrid Circuit Construction for Routing Switchers (1985)

This article describes the objectives and advantages of the use of hybrid electronic circuits in the manufacture of electronic routing switcher equipment for video applications. Original design objectives are reviewed, and a description of hybrid circuitry is included, with comparisons between hybrid and conventional circuit construction. Hybrid construction provides for modular design, leading to economies of manufacture, maintenance, and expansion. It also contributes to improvements in system construction, a greatly reduced need for adjustment, and efficient system expandability.
Abusive Supervision and Nursing Performance (2013)

Supervisory abuse is a problem to the healthcare organizations because of the counterproductive behaviors that resulted. Concern is specifically suggested regarding possible negative influences to patient satisfaction. This article offers a change model and recommendations to curtail abusive supervision.
Triterpenoid Constituents from the Roots of Paeonia rockii ssp. rockii (2011)

An investigation of a chloroform-soluble extract from the roots of Paeonia rockii ssp. rockii yielded three new noroleanane triterpenoids (1-3) together with 19 known compounds. Their structures were established by analysis of the spectroscopic data. The effects of this chloroform-soluble extract and its major constituents on cell proliferation and apoptosis of a panel of human cancer cell lines (melanoma M-14, colon cancer HT-29, breast cancer MCF-7) were evaluated by the MTT bioassay and propidium iodide staining, respectively, in comparison with normal human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). Two of the triterpenoids, betulinic acid (4) and oleanolic acid (5), and the crude extract were cytotoxic and induced apoptosis selectively in the M-14 melanoma cell line. This effect was reversed by the caspase-inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, suggesting that such action is mediated by caspase-3 activation.
Carbohydrate transporters of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) (2001)

The glucose transporter of Escherichia coli couples translocation with phosphorylation of glucose. The IICB(Glc) subunit spans the membrane eight times. Split, circularly permuted and cyclized forms of IICB(Glc) are described. The split variant was 30 times more active when the two proteins were encoded by a dicistronic mRNA than by two genes. The stability and activity of circularly permuted forms was improved when they were expressed as fusion proteins with alkaline phosphatase. Cyclized IICB(Glc) and IIA(Glc) were produced in vivo by RecA intein-mediated trans-splicing. Purified, cyclized IIA(Glc) and IICB(Glc) had 100% and 30% of wild-type glucose phosphotransferase activity, respectively. Cyclized IIA(Glc) displayed increased stability against temperature and GuHCl-induced unfolding.
Cloning of a Novel Receptor Subunit, AcPL, Required for Interleukin-18 Signaling (1998)

We have identified a novel member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor family, which we have termed AcPL. In transient transfection assays, we were unable to demonstrate a role for AcPL in IL-1-induced activation of NFkappaB. Interleukin-18 (interferon-gamma-inducing factor) is another member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, and it has recently been shown that IL-18 has a weak affinity for IL-1R-rp1. We examined whether AcPL might function alone or in concert with IL-1R-rp1 to mediate IL-18 signaling. We found that both IL-1R-rp1 and AcPL expression were required for induction of NFkappaB activity and for activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in response to IL-18. Furthermore, a dominant negative version of AcPL specifically inhibited IL-18 signaling. In vitro immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that AcPL alone was unable to bind IL-18 with any appreciable affinity. We propose that although IL-1R-rp1 binds the cytokine, IL-1R-rp1 and AcPL proteins are both required for IL-18 signaling, analogous to the requirement for both IL-1R and IL-1RAcP in IL-1-mediated responses.
Pathways for the Deoxygenation of Triglycerides to Aliphatic Hydrocarbons over Activated Alumina (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPathways for the Deoxygenation of Triglycerides to Aliphatic Hydrocarbons over Activated AluminaEnrico Vonghia, David G. B. Boocock, Samir K. Konar, and Anna LeungCite this: Energy Fuels 1995, 9, 6, 1090–1096Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00054a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00054a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views967Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An auto-adaptive synthetic neural network for real-time separation of independent signal sources (2002)

Discusses the following classical signal processing problem: given N physically distinct measurements which represent a priori unknown linear combinations of N independent signal sources, the network autoadaptively extracts the original independent signals. The authors consider the N input/output case. The analysis is restricted to signals which are zero mean, stationary and either periodic or aperiodic, deterministic or nondeterministic and to a medium which is homogeneous and introduces no time delay. In practice, the source separation algorithm also works well for nonstationary signals. The authors investigated the constraints which the network's learning rule must satisfy and tested the proposed learning rules with digital simulations. To achieve real-time operation, they implemented three different circuit designs for 2 and 6 input/output networks using 2 mu m n-well analog VLSI hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preferential utilization of a novel vλ3 gene in monoclonal rheumatoid factors derived from the synovial cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients (1994)

Since the lv3c93 gene is not homologous to any reported V lambda sequence from natural autoantibodies, it is possible that lv3c93 may represent a disease-specific RF-related V lambda gene. Moreover, the amino acid sequence CSGGSCY in the third complementarity-determining regions of 2 of the RF heavy chains is encoded by the DLR2 gene segment and has been found previously in 2 other RA-derived RFs, and thus may play a significant role in antigen binding.
The Disulfide Bonds in the C-terminal Domains of the Human Insulin Receptor Ectodomain (1997)

The human insulin receptor is a homodimer consisting of two monomers linked by disulfide bonds. Each monomer comprises an alpha-chain that is entirely extracellular and a beta-chain that spans the cell membrane. The alpha-chain has a total of 37 cysteine residues, most of which form intrachain disulfide bonds, whereas the beta-chain contains 10 cysteine residues, four of which are in the extracellular region. There are two classes of disulfide bonds in the insulin receptor, those that can be reduced under mild reducing conditions to give alpha-beta monomers (class I) and those that require stronger reducing conditions (class II). The number of class I disulfides is small and includes the alpha-alpha dimer bond Cys524. In this report we describe the use of cyanogen bromide and protease digestion of the exon 11 plus form of the receptor ectodomain to identify disulfide linkages between the beta-chain residues Cys798 and Cys807 and between the alpha-chain Cys647 and the beta-chain Cys872. The latter bond is the sole alpha-beta link in the molecule and implies a side-by-side alignment of the two fibronectin III domains of the receptor. Also presented is evidence for additional alpha-alpha dimer bond(s) involving at least one of the cysteine residues of the triplet at positions 682, 683, and 685. Evidence is also presented to show that Cys884 exists as a buried thiol in the soluble ectodomain.
What Really Makes Transactions Faster (2006)

There has been a flurry of recent work on the design of high performance software and hybrid hardware/software trans-actional memories (STMs and HyTMs). This paper reex-amines the design decisions behind several of these state-of-the-art algorithms, adopting some ideas, rejecting others, all in an attempt to make STMs faster. The results of our evaluation led us to the design of a transactional locking (TL) algorithm which we believe to be the simplest, most flexible, and best performing STM/HyTM to date. It combines seamlessly with hardware transactions and with any system’s memory life-cycle, making it an ideal candidate for multi-language deployment today, long before hardware transactional support becomes commonly avail-able. Most important of all however were the results we derived from a comprehensive comparison of the performance of non-blocking, lock-based, and Hybrid STM algorithms versus fine-grained hand-crafted ones. Contrary to our intuitions, concurrent code generated in a mechanical fashion using our TL algorithm and several other STMs, scaled better than the hand-crafted fine-grained lock-based and lock-free data structures, even though their throughput was lower. We found that it was the lower latency of the hand-crafted data structures that made them faster than STMs, and not better contention management or optimizations based on the pro-grammer’s understanding of the particulars of the structure. This holds great promise for future mechanical generation of concurrent code using hardware transactional support. 1.
Pharmaceutical Applications of Hot-Melt Extrusion: Part I (2007)

Interest in hot-melt extrusion techniques for pharmaceutical applications is growing rapidly with well over 100 papers published in the pharmaceutical scientific literature in the last 12 years. Hot-melt extrusion (HME) has been a widely applied technique in the plastics industry and has been demonstrated recently to be a viable method to prepare several types of dosage forms and drug delivery systems. Hot-melt extruded dosage forms are complex mixtures of active medicaments, functional excipients, and processing aids. HME also offers several advantages over traditional pharmaceutical processing techniques including the absence of solvents, few processing steps, continuous operation, and the possibility of the formation of solid dispersions and improved bioavailability. This article, Part I, reviews the pharmaceutical applications of hot-melt extrusion, including equipment, principles of operation, and process technology. The raw materials processed using this technique are also detailed and the physicochemical properties of the resultant dosage forms are described. Part II of this review will focus on various applications of HME in drug delivery such as granules, pellets, immediate and modified release tablets, transmucosal and transdermal systems, and implants.
Nonlinear Perturbation of Linear Programs (1979)

The objective function of any solvable linear program can be perturbed by a differentiable, convex or Lipschitz continuous function in such a way that (a) a solution of the original linear program is also a Karush–Kuhn–Tucker point, local or global solution of the perturbed program, or (b) each global solution of the perturbed problem is also a solution of the linear program.