gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polypeptides. XVIII.1 A Kinetic Study of the Polymerization of Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides Initiated by Strong Bases (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolypeptides. XVIII.1 A Kinetic Study of the Polymerization of Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides Initiated by Strong BasesM. Idelson and E. R. BloutCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 10, 2387–2393Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01543a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01543a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views437Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novobiocin- and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced differentiation of human leukemia cells associated with a reduction in topoisomerase II activity. (1989)

Studies were conducted to determine the possible involvement of DNA topoisomerase II (Topo II) in the induction of differentiation in two human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cell variants that are either susceptible or resistant to differentiation induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator. The acquisition of maturation markers and changes in the activity, level, and phosphorylation of Topo II were determined after treatment with either novobiocin, a Topo II inhibitor, or PMA. Novobiocin at 50-150 microM induced differentiation in the HL-205 cells but not in the HL-525 cells, although both cell types were equally susceptible to novobiocin-evoked cytotoxicity. In both cell types, novobiocin induced similar reductions in topoisomerase I activity but different reductions in Topo II activity. Treatment with novobiocin at 150 microM for 6 h or at 2 mM for 30 min resulted in a 4-fold or higher reduction in Topo II activity in the differentiation-susceptible HL-205 cells but not in the differentiation-resistant HL-525 cells. A differential response in Topo II activity was also observed after treatment with PMA. The novobiocin-evoked decrease in Topo II activity seems to be due to an enhanced enzyme proteolysis, whereas the PMA-elicited decrease in Topo II activity is associated with an increase in Topo II phosphorylation. 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine, which is an inhibitor of protein kinases, including protein kinase C, diminished the novobiocin-elicited proteolysis of Topo II and the PMA-induced Topo II phosphorylation, as well as the decrease in Topo II activity and the acquisition of differentiation markers induced by either novobiocin or PMA. These results suggest that induction of differentiation in HL-60 cells by novobiocin or PMA is associated with a reduction in Topo II activity, mediated directly or indirectly by a protein kinase(s), perhaps protein kinase C.
Cross-species transfer of learning: effect of ribonucleic acid from hamsters on rat behavior. (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Analysis of the solution conformations of T4 lysozyme by paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy (2015)

A large number of crystal structures of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme (T4-L) have shown that it contains two subdomains, which can arrange in a compact conformation (closed state) or, in mutants of T4-L, more extended structures (open state). In solution, wild-type T4-L displays only a single set of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals, masking any conformational heterogeneity. To probe the conformational space of T4-L, we generated a site-specific lanthanide binding site by attaching 4-mercaptomethyl dipicolinic acid via a disulfide bond to Cys44 in the triple-mutant C54T/C97A/S44C of T4-L and measured pseudocontact shifts (PCS) and magnetically induced residual dipolar couplings (RDC). The data indicate that, in solution and in the absence of substrate, the structure of T4-L is on average more open than suggested by the closed conformation of the crystal structure of wild-type T4-L. A slightly improved fit was obtained by assuming a population-weighted two-state model involving an even more open conformation and the closed state, but paramagnetic relaxation enhancements measured with Gd(3+) argue against such a conformational equilibrium. The fit could not be improved by including a third conformation picked from the hundreds of crystal structures available for T4-L mutants.
Strained InGaAs/GaAs single quantum well lasers with saturable absorbers fabricated by quantum well intermixing (1992)

We report successful intermixing of strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum wells utilizing SiO2 with rapid thermal annealing and application of this technique to create a strained InGaAs single quantum well (SQW) laser with a monolithic saturable absorber section. The InGaAs SQW in the gain section was blue-shifted relative to that in the absorber section to obtain strong absorption and its saturation. The output power of the device jumps abruptly to a level higher than 10 mW when the dc injection current reaches the threshold of 58 mA. Gain-switched pulses have pulsewidth of 34.4 ps and high peak power of 330 mW.
LOXL2 Is Highly Expressed in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Associates to Poor Colon Cancer Survival (2015)

We identified LOXL2 to be associated with the outcome of colon cancer patients. Furthermore, it can be used to stratify patients at stages II and III for further therapeutic decisions.
Rough surface interferometry with a two-wavelength heterodyne speckle interferometer (1985)

If a rough surface is illuminated by a coherent lightwave of wavelength λ1, it is not possible to determine the surface profile from the phases of the speckle field formed by the scattered light. If the rough surface is illuminated, however, by an additional coherent wave of wavelength λ1, the phase differences between the two speckle fields do contain information about the macroscopic surface profile even if subject to a statistical error. It is shown that (1) the macroscopic surface profile may be determined from the phase differences if the effective wavelength Λ = λ1λ2/|λ1−λ2| is sufficiently larger than the standard deviation of the microscopic profile of the illuminated surface, and (2) the statistical error is reasonably small if the phase measurements are obtained from speckles of sufficient intensity. Using a heterodyne interferometer we demonstrate the feasibility of this technique. In the first experiment we determine the radius of curvature of a rough spherical surface. In the second experiment the macroscopic surface contour on two ophthalmic lenses of the same power variation, one with a grounded surface and the other with a polished surface, was determined.
Visualization by Proxy: A Novel Framework for Deferred Interaction with Volume Data (2010)

Interactivity is key to exploration of volume data. Interactivity may be hindered due to many factors, e.g. large data size,high resolution or complexity of a data set, or an expensive rendering algorithm. We present a novel framework for visualizing volume data that enables interactive exploration using proxy images, without accessing the original 3D data. Data exploration using direct volume rendering requires multiple (often redundant) accesses to possibly large amounts of data. The notion of visualization by proxy relies on the ability to defer operations traditionally used for exploring 3D data to a more suitable intermediate representation for interaction--proxy images. Such operations include view changes, transfer function exploration, and relighting. While previous work has addressed specific interaction needs, we provide a complete solution that enables real-time interaction with large data sets and has low hardware and storage requirements.
Time and time–frequency characterization of dual-axis swallowing accelerometry signals (2008)

Single-axis swallowing accelerometry has shown potential as a non-invasive clinical swallowing assessment tool. Previous swallowing accelerometry research has focused exclusively on the anterior-posterior vibration detected on the surface of the neck. However, hyolaryngeal motion during pharyngeal swallowing occurs in both the anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions, suggesting that dual-axis accelerometry may be worthy of investigation. With this motivation, the present paper provides a characterization of dual-axis swallowing accelerometry signals from healthy adults in the time and time-frequency domains. Time-domain analysis revealed that signals in the two axes exhibited different probability density functions, and minimal cross-correlation and mutual information. Time-frequency analysis highlighted inter-axis dissimilarities in the scalograms, pseudo-spectra and temporal evolution of low- and high-frequency content. Therefore, it was concluded that the two axes contain different information about swallowing and that the superior-inferior axis should be further investigated in future swallowing accelerometry studies.
Advances in Chemical Propulsion (2001)

Complex, vast, and multidisciplinary, chemical propulsion has been the subject of extensive investigation over the past few decades. Under the leadership of Gabriel Roy, this has been particularly true at the Office of Naval Research (ONR), where his team has focused on the three primary goals of combustion research: improving the efficiency, incre
Polymorphisms associated with normal memory variation also affect memory impairment in schizophrenia (2011)

Neurocognitive dysfunction is a core feature of schizophrenia with particularly prominent deficits in verbal episodic memory. The molecular basis of this memory impairment is poorly understood and its relatedness to normal variation in memory performance is unclear. In this study, we explore, in a sample of cognitively impaired schizophrenia patients, the role of polymorphisms in seven genes recently reported to modulate episodic memory in normal subjects. Three polymorphisms (GRIN2B rs220599, GRM3 rs2189814 and PRKCA rs8074995) were associated with episodic verbal memory in both control and patients with cognitive deficit, but not in cognitively spared patients or the pooled schizophrenia sample. GRM3 and PRKCA acted in opposite directions in patients compared to controls, possibly reflecting an abnormal brain milieu and/or adverse environmental effects in schizophrenia. The encoded proteins balance glutamate signalling vs. excitotoxicity in complex interactions involving the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), implicated in the dysfunctional glutamatergic signalling in schizophrenia. Double carrier status of the GRM3 and PRKCA minor alleles was associated with lower memory test scores and with increased risk of schizophrenia. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8074995 lies within the PRKCA region spanned by a rare haplotype associated with schizophrenia in a recent UK study and provides further evidence of PRKCA contribution to memory impairment and susceptibility to schizophrenia. Our study supports the utility of parsing the broad phenotype of schizophrenia into component cognitive endophenotypes that reduce heterogeneity and enable the capture of potentially important genetic associations.
Male Sex Hormones Exacerbate Lung Function Impairment after Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis (2008)

The roles of sex hormones as modulators of lung function and disease have received significant attention as differential sex responses to various lung insults have been recently reported. The present study used a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in C57BL/6 mice to examine potential sex differences in physiological and pathological outcomes. Endpoints measured included invasive lung function assessment, immunological response, lung collagen deposition, and a quantitative histological analysis of pulmonary fibrosis. Male mice had significantly higher basal static lung compliance than female mice (P < 0.05) and a more pronounced decline in static compliance after bleomycin administration when expressed as overall change or percentage of baseline change (P < 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences between the sexes in immune cell infiltration into the lung or in total lung collagen content after bleomycin. Total lung histopathology scores measured using the Ashcroft method did not differ between the sexes, while a quantitative histopathology scoring system designed to determine where within the lung the fibrosis occurred indicated a tendency toward more fibrosis immediately adjacent to airways in bleomycin-treated male versus female mice. Furthermore, castrated male mice exhibited a female-like response to bleomycin while female mice given exogenous androgen exhibited a male-like response. These data indicate that androgens play an exacerbating role in decreased lung function after bleomycin administration, and traditional measures of fibrosis may miss critical differences in lung function between the sexes. Sex differences should be carefully considered when designing and interpreting experimental models of pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
Blocking CD27-CD70 Costimulatory Pathway Suppresses Experimental Colitis (2009)

The pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and most experimental models of IBD is dependent on the activation and expansion of CD4(+) T cells via interaction with mucosal APCs. The costimulatory receptor CD70 is transiently expressed on the surface of conventional dendritic cells, but is constitutively expressed by a unique APC population in the intestinal lamina propria. We used two experimental IBD models to evaluate whether interfering the interaction between CD70 and its T cell ligand CD27 would affect the development of colitis. Adoptive transfer of naive CD27-deficient CD45RB(high) CD4(+) T cells into Rag-1(-/-) mice resulted in significantly less disease than when wild-type CD45RB(high)CD4(+) T cells were used. Moreover, a monoclonal anti-CD70 Ab prevented the disease caused by the transfer of wild-type CD45RB(high) CD4(+) T cells into Rag-1(-/-) mice and the same Ab also ameliorated an established disease. The colitis associated proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were significantly reduced after anti-CD70 Ab treatment, suggesting an overall reduction in inflammation due to blockade of pathogenic T cell expansion. Anti-CD70 Ab treatment also suppressed trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in SJL/J mice. Because anti-CD70 Ab treatment suppressed multiple proinflammatory cytokines, this may be a more potent therapeutic approach for IBD than blockade of individual cytokines.
The application accuracy of the NeuroMate robot?A quantitative comparison with frameless and frame-based surgical localization systems (2002)

The NeuroMatetrade mark robot system (Integrated Surgical Systems, Davis, CA) is a commercially available, image-guided, robotic-assisted system used for stereotactic procedures in neurosurgery. In this article, we present a quantitative comparison of the application accuracy of the NeuroMate with that of standard frame-based and frameless stereotactic techniques. The article discusses a five-way application accuracy comparison study. The variables of our comparison and their mean errors are as follows: (1) with the robot in a frame-based configuration, the RMS was 0.86 +/- 0.32 mm; (2) with the robot in the frameless configuration, the RMS was 1.95 +/- 0.44 mm; (3) in a standard stereotactic (ZD) frame-based approach, the RMS was 1.17 +/- 0.25 mm; (4) with an infrared tracking system using the frame for fiducial registration, the RMS was 1.47 +/- 0.45 mm; (5) with an infrared tracking system using screw markers for registration, the RMS was 0.68 +/- 0.26 mm. The study was performed with 2-mm sections of CT scans. These results show that the application accuracy of the frame-based NeuroMate robot is comparable to that of standard localizing systems, whether they are frame-based or infrared tracked.
Prolamin degradation in sourdoughs (2006)

This thesis examines protein behaviours that occur during cereal fermentations. The focus is on the prolamin degradation in sourdoughs. The thesis also looks at what happens to the oat globulins during an oat bran acidification process. \n\nThe cereal prolamins are unique proteins in many respects. The wheat prolamins (glutenins and gliadins) are responsible for the formation of the gluten that provides the viscoelastic properties to wheat doughs whereas the rye prolamins (secalins) are unable to develop gluten-like structures. In addition, many baking technological features, such as flavour, shelf-life and dough properties are affected by the protein degradation that might occur during processing. On the other hand, the prolamins contain protein structures that are harmful to gluten sensitive people. It is thus evident that the degradation of the prolamins in sourdough processes may be approached from various aspects. This thesis describes some of these approaches. \n\nFour different cereal fermentations were carried out. Wheat sourdough (WSD) and rye sourdough (RSD) fermentations represented traditional sourdoughs. A germinated-wheat sourdough (GWSD) was a novel sourdough type that was prepared using germinated wheat grains that had high and diverse proteolytic activities. The oat bran fermentation (OBF) represented a fermentation system that lacked functional cereal proteases. \n\nThe high molecular weight glutenins and rye secalins were degraded during the WSD and RSD fermentations, respectively. It was noteworthy that in WSD only a very limited degradation of the gliadins occurred. The gliadins were, however, hydrolysed very extensively during the GWSD fermentation. No protein degradation was observable in the OBF system. Instead the acidification altered the solubility of the oat globulins and this finally led to their aggregation. \n\nThis thesis confirms that the endogenous proteases of cereals hydrolyse cereal prolamins in sourdoughs. The thesis also shows that the proteolytic activity of the used cereal raw material determines the extent of proteolysis that occurs in sourdough. This means that bakers may adjust the protein degradation in their sourdoughs by selecting the raw material based on its proteolytic activity. The thesis also demonstrates that by using germinated grains, with high and diverse proteolytic activity in sourdough preparations, the prolamins can be extensively degraded. Whether such highly proteolytic food technology could be used to manufacture new gluten-free cereal-based products for gluten sensitive people remains to be solved.
Chicken adenovirus (CELO virus) particles augment receptor-mediated DNA delivery to mammalian cells and yield exceptional levels of stable transformants (1993)

Delivery of genes via receptor-mediated endocytosis is severely limited by the poor exit of endocytosed DNA from the endosome. A large enhancement in delivery efficiency has been obtained by including human adenovirus particles in the delivery system. This enhancement is probably a function of the natural adenovirus entry mechanism, which must include passage through or disruption of the endosomal membrane. In an effort to identify safer virus particles useful in this application, we have tested the chicken adenovirus CELO virus for its ability to augment receptor-mediated gene delivery. We report here that CELO virus possesses pH-dependent, liposome disruption activity similar to that of human adenovirus type 5. Furthermore, the chicken adenovirus can be used to augment receptor-mediated gene delivery to levels comparable to those found for the human adenovirus when it is physically linked to polylysine ligand-condensed DNA particles. The chicken adenovirus has the advantage of being produced inexpensively in embryonated eggs, and the virus is naturally replication defective in mammalian cells, even in the presence of wild-type human adenovirus.
Jeremiah's Seventy Years for Babylon: A Reassessment. Part II: The Historical Data (1987)

Jeremiah's Temple Sermon (Jer 7: 1 -15; 26) clarifies the religious-political scene in Judah in 609 B.C. Contrary to the arguments of C. F. Whitley, who dates Jeremiah's Temple Sermon to 605 B.c.,~ recent scholarship maintains that its dating is 609 B.c.' Jer 26:l states that this sermonbegan "in the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim. . .."There is general agreement that the phrase ri?s'i"t mamlekiit ("beginning of the reign") corresponds to the Babylonian rZs's'arriiti, a term which designates the accession year of a king.lOThere is sharp difference of opinion, however, concerning the questions of whether Jehoiakim's accession year began before or after Tishri 1 (September 21)" and of whether Judah employed a Nisan-to-Nisan or Tishrito-Tishri regnal year.12These problems are incredibly complex,
Electronic properties of transition-metal nitrides: The group-V and group-VI nitrides VN, NbN, TaN, CrN, MoN, and WN (1985)

Motivated by the prediction that B1-structure MoN is a high-temperature superconductor, we present self-consistent augmented-plane-wave calculations of the electronic structure of the group-V and group-VI transition-metal nitrides VN, NbN, TaN, CrN, MoN, and WN. Comparisons of the energy bands, densities of states, and general bonding characteristics are made within this group, as well as with previously calculated transition-metal carbides. The calculated Stoner enhancement factor S for CrN indicates that the paramagnetic state is unstable with respect to ferromagnetism, consistent with the known antiferromagnetism in this compound. The calculated value of S=2.15 for MoN is not large enough to provide a serious impediment to superconductivity. The superconducting properties are evaluated within the Gaspari-Gyorffy theory for the electron-phonon coupling constant \ensuremath{\lambda}, calculated to be \ensuremath{\sim}1.6 in MoN (about 60% larger than in NbN). The problem of stabilizing the metastable B1 structure over the thermodynamically more stable hexagonal MoN material is considered.