gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Activity Spectrum, cDNA Cloning, and mRNA Expression of a Newly Isolated Member of the Cecropin Family from the Mosquito Vector Aedes aegypti (1999)

An antimicrobial peptide belonging to the cecropin family was isolated from the hemolymph of bacteria-challenged adult Aedes aegypti. This new peptide, named cecropin A, was purified to homogeneity and fully characterized after cDNA cloning. The 34-residue A. aegypti cecropin A is different from the majority of reported insect cecropins in that it is devoid of a tryptophan residue and C-terminal amidation. The importance of these two structural features on the activity spectrum was investigated using a chemically synthesized peptide. A comparison of the antimicrobial activity spectrum of A. aegypti and Drosophila cecropin A showed a lower activity for the mosquito molecule. A. aegypti cecropin mRNA expression was not detected by Northern blot or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis in any immature stage of the mosquito, nor in naïve adults, but it was observed in challenged adults 6 h after bacteria inoculation, and it continued over 7-10 days.
Selectivity in cycloadditions. 6. Cycloadditions of nitrile oxides to benzofuran. Regiochemistry (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelectivity in cycloadditions. 6. Cycloadditions of nitrile oxides to benzofuran. RegiochemistryP. Caramella, G. Cellerino, K. N. Houk, F. Marinone Albini, and Cielo SantiagoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 15, 3006–3010Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00409a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00409a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Resolution Transcriptome of Human Macrophages (2012)

Macrophages are dynamic cells integrating signals from their microenvironment to develop specific functional responses. Although, microarray-based transcriptional profiling has established transcriptional reprogramming as an important mechanism for signal integration and cell function of macrophages, current knowledge on transcriptional regulation of human macrophages is far from complete. To discover novel marker genes, an area of great need particularly in human macrophage biology but also to generate a much more thorough transcriptome of human M1- and M1-like macrophages, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of human macrophages. Using this approach we can now provide a high-resolution transcriptome profile of human macrophages under classical (M1-like) and alternative (M2-like) polarization conditions and demonstrate a dynamic range exceeding observations obtained by previous technologies, resulting in a more comprehensive understanding of the transcriptome of human macrophages. Using this approach, we identify important gene clusters so far not appreciated by standard microarray techniques. In addition, we were able to detect differential promoter usage, alternative transcription start sites, and different coding sequences for 57 gene loci in human macrophages. Moreover, this approach led to the identification of novel M1-associated (CD120b, TLR2, SLAMF7) as well as M2-associated (CD1a, CD1b, CD93, CD226) cell surface markers. Taken together, these data support that high-resolution transcriptome profiling of human macrophages by RNA-seq leads to a better understanding of macrophage function and will form the basis for a better characterization of macrophages in human health and disease.
The POPCORN market—an online market for computational resources (1998)

The POPCORN project provides an infrastructure for globally distributed computation over the whole Internet. It provides any programmer connected to the Internet with a single huge virtual parallel computer composed of all processors on the Internet, which care to participate at any given moment. POPCORN provides a marketbased mechanism for trade in CPU time to motivate processors to provide their CPU cycles for other peoples’ computations. “Selling” CPU time is as easy as visiting a certain web site with a Java-enabled browser. “Buying” CPU time is done by writing a parallel program using the POPCORN paradigm. A third entity in the POPCORN system is a “market” for CPU time, which is where buyers and sellers meet and trade. The POPCORN system may be visited on our website: http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~popcorn. This paper concentrates on the POPCORN market. The market is a trusted intermediary that is responsible for matching buyers and sellers according to economic criteria. Our design emphasizes minimal communication requirements and minimal strategic considerations on the part of both buyers and sellers. We implemented several market mechanisms of the single-sided and double-sided auction types. We analyze the economic efficiency of these mechanisms using analytical and simulation methods. Our findings support the use of these mechanisms in the Internet environment.
B7/CD28-Dependent CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Are Essential Components of the Memory-Protective Immunity to Candida albicans (2002)

Protective immunity to the fungus Candida albicans is mediated by Ag-specific Th1 cells. Paradoxically, some Th2 cytokines are required for the maintenance of Th1-mediated immune resistance to the fungus. Therefore, in addition to the Th1/Th2 balance, other mechanisms seem to be involved in the regulation of Th1 immunity to the fungus. Here we show that CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, negatively regulating antifungal Th1 reactivity, are generated in mice with candidiasis. CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were not generated in B7-2- or CD28-deficient mice or in condition of IL-10 signaling deficiency. Accordingly, although capable of efficiently restricting the fungal growth, these mice experienced inflammatory pathology and were incapable of resistance to reinfection. CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells poorly proliferated in vitro; were highly enriched for cells producing IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-beta; and required IL-10-producing, Candida hypha-activated dendritic cells for generation. Adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells or IL-10-producing dendritic cells restored resistance to reinfection and decreased inflammation in B7-2-deficient mice. These results show that oral tolerance induced by Candida hyphae is required for the occurrence of long-lasting protective immunity after yeast priming. The implication is that preventing reactivation rather than favoring sterilizing immunity to ubiquitous fungal pathogens may represent the ultimate expectation of vaccine-based strategies.
Combined-Modality Therapy With Radiation and Chemotherapy for Elderly Patients With Glioblastoma in the Temozolomide Era (2016)

In this analysis of multimodality therapy for elderly patients with GBM, OS was superior with CMT compared with CT alone and RT alone. Survival was similar between CT alone and RT alone, and both CT alone and RT alone were superior to no therapy. This analysis supports the use of CMT for suitable elderly candidates.
Pharmacotherapy for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1993)

A number of new medications for treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been developed in recent years. However, serious issues persist in the management of these illnesses. Prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of asthma are increasing despite the introduction of these new agents. Airflow obstruction is only partially reversible in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and drug treatment can only mitigate disability incompletely. Drug toxicity is also an important concern. The five classes of agents (beta-adrenergic agonists, anticholinergic agents, theophylline, cromolyn, and corticosteroids) available for treatment are examined in this review, emphasizing efficacy and toxicity. Less commonly used agents and newly developed compounds that are still investigational are also discussed.
The thermodynamic contribution of the 5‐methyl group of thymine in the two‐ and three‐stranded complexes formed by poly(dU) and poly(dT) with poly(dA) (2003)

To assess the thermodynamic contribution of the 5-methyl group of thymine, we have studied the two-stranded helical complexes poly(dA).poly(dU) and poly(dA).poly(dT) and the three-stranded complexes--poly(dA).2poly(dU), poly(dA).poly(dT).poly(dU) and poly(dA).2poly(dT)--by differential scanning calorimetry, and uv optical melting experiments. The thermodynamic quantities associated with the 3 --> 2, 2 --> 1, and 3 --> 1 melting transitions are found to vary with salt concentration and temperature in a more complex manner than commonly believed. The transition temperatures, T(m), are generally not linear in the logarithm of concentration or activity of NaCl. The change in enthalpy and in entropy upon melting varies with salt concentration and temperature, and a change in heat capacity accompanies each transition. The poly(dA).2poly(dU) triple helix is markedly different from poly(dA).2poly(dT) in both its CD spectrum and thermodynamic behavior, while the poly(dA).poly(dT).poly(dU) triple helix resembles poly(dA).2poly(dT) in these properties. In comparing poly(dA).2poly(dT) with either the poly(dA).poly(dT).poly(dU) or the poly(dA).2poly(dU) triplexes, the substitution of thymine for uracil in the third strand results in an enhancement of stability against the 3 --> 2 dissociation of deltadeltaG degrees = -135 +/- 85 cal (mol A)(-1) at 37 degrees C. This represents a doubling of the absolute stability toward dissociation compared to the triplexes with poly(dU) as the third strand. The poly (dA).poly (dT) duplex is more stable than poly(dA).poly(dU) by deltadeltaG degrees = -350 +/- 60 cal (mol base pair)(-1) at 37 degrees C. Poly(dA).poly(dT) has 50% greater stability than poly(dA).poly(dU) as a result of the dT for dU substitution in the duplex.
A real-time face tracker (2002)

The authors present a real-time face tracker. The system has achieved a rate of 30+ frames/second using an HP-9000 workstation with a frame grabber and a Canon VC-Cl camera. It can track a person's face while the person moves freely (e.g., walks, jumps, sits down and stands up) in a room. Three types of models have been employed in developing the system. First, they present a stochastic model to characterize skin color distributions of human faces. The information provided by the model is sufficient for tracking a human face in various poses and views. This model is adaptable to different people and different lighting conditions in real-time. Second, a motion model is used to estimate image motion and to predict the search window. Third, a camera model is used to predict and compensate for camera motion. The system can be applied to teleconferencing and many HCI applications including lip reading and gaze tracking. The principle in developing this system can be extended to other tracking problems such as tracking the human hand.
Nosocomial Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections (1975)

We studied the frequency and severity of respiratory syncytial virus infections acquired nosocomially on an infants' ward during a community outbreak. Every three or four days all infants and staff were examined, and specimens were obtained for viral isolation. During two months, 14 of 44 contact infants acquired the virus. All were ill, and four had pneumonia. Infected infants had a significantly longer mean hospital stay (21.5 days) than uninfected ones (9.2 days, P less than 0.001). Risk of nosocomial infection could not be related to age or to underlying disease, but was linked to length of hospitalization: 45 per cent of infants hospitalized for one week or more became infected, and the percentage increased with length of stay. Ten of 24 staff members also acquired the virus and appeared to play a major role as virus carriers. Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection poses a major risk for hospitalized infants and adds to hospital costs.
Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the bovine adenovirus type 3 proteinase (1990)

Journal Article Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the bovine adenovirus type 3 proteinase Get access Faxing Cai, Faxing Cai * * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Martin Bourbonnière, Martin Bourbonnière Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Denis Tang, Denis Tang Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shiu-Lok Hu, Shiu-Lok Hu 1Oncogen3005 First Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph M. Weber Joseph M. Weber Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 18, 25 September 1990, Page 5568, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.18.5568 Published: 25 September 1990 Article history Received: 30 July 1990 Published: 25 September 1990
Immunogenicity and Impact on Nasopharyngeal Carriage of a Nonavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (1999)

The safety, immunogenicity, and impact on carriage of a nonvalent pneumococcal vaccine given at ages 6, 10, and 14 weeks were examined in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 500 infants in Soweto, South Africa. No serious local or systemic side effects were recorded. Significant antibody responses to all pneumococcal serotypes were observed 4 weeks after the third dose. Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribosylribitol phosphate (geometric mean titer, 11.62 microg/mL) and diphtheria (1.39 IU/mL) antibodies were significantly higher in children receiving pneumococcal conjugate, compared with placebo recipients (4.58 microgram/mL and 0.98 IU/mL, respectively). Nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine serotypes decreased in vaccinees at age 9 months (18% vs. 36%), whereas carriage of nonvaccine serotypes increased (36% vs. 25%). Carriage of penicillin-resistant pneumococci (21% vs. 41%) and cotrimoxazole-resistant pneumococci (23% vs. 35%) were significantly reduced 9 months after vaccination, compared with controls.
Bone morphogenetic proteins 4, 6, and 7 are up‐regulated in mouse spinal cord during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2007)

Although spontaneous remyelination occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS), the extent of myelin repair is often inadequate to restore normal function. Oligodendrocyte precursors remaining in nonremyelinating MS plaques may be restricted by an inhibitory signal. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been implicated as repressors of oligodendrocyte development and inducers of astrogliogenesis. We hypothesized that BMPs are up-regulated in MS lesions and play a role in demyelination and astrogliosis. We examined expression of BMPs in an animal model of MS, chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide in C57BL/6 mice. By 14 days postimmunization, compared to those of control mice, the lumbar spinal cords of MOG-peptide EAE mice demonstrated prominent astrogliosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and disrupted expression of myelin proteins. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that expression of BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 mRNA increased 2- to 4-fold in the lumbar spinal cords of animals with symptomatic EAE versus in vehicle-treated and untreated controls on days 14, 21, and 42 postimmunization. BMP2 mRNA expression was not altered. BMP4 mRNA was much more abundant in the spinal cords of all animals than was mRNA encoding BMP2, BMP6, and BMP7. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the increased expression of BMP4 in the EAE animals. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased BMP4 immunoreactivity in areas of inflammation in MOG-peptide EAE animals. BMP4 labeling was mostly limited to macrophages but was sometimes associated with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. These results indicate that members of the BMP family are differentially expressed in adult spinal cord and are up-regulated during EAE. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Molecular Genetics of Inherited Variation in Human Color Vision (1986)

The hypothesis that red-green "color blindness" is caused by alterations in the genes encoding red and green visual pigments has been tested and shown to be correct. Genomic DNA's from 25 males with various red-green color vision deficiencies were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with the cloned red and green pigment genes as probes. The observed genotypes appear to result from unequal recombination or gene conversion (or both). Together with chromosome mapping experiments, these data identify each of the cloned human visual pigment genes.
Contribution of CXCL12 secretion to invasion of breast cancer cells (2012)

Expression of CXCL12 by tumor cells results in increased macrophage and microvessel density and in vivo invasiveness.
Requirement for d(GATC) sequences in Escherichia coli mutHLS mismatch correction. (1987)

The involvement of d(GATC) sequences in Escherichia coli DNA mismatch correction was ascertained by analyzing in vitro repair efficiencies of a series of related, covalently closed circular DNA heteroduplexes that contained from zero to four d(GATC) sites. A heteroduplex with four d(GATC) sites was repaired with high efficiency by extracts of E. coli, whereas no significant correction occurred on a closely related molecule lacking such sequences. Heteroduplexes containing one or two d(GATC) sites were corrected at rates between 10% and 93% of that observed for the four-site molecule, but repair efficiency did not correlate in a simple way with the number of sites present. The methylation state at a single d(GATC) sequence was sufficient to direct strandedness of repair, and correction of heteroduplexes containing one or more d(GATC) sites required functional mutH, mutL, and mutS gene products. In addition, DNA repair synthesis dependent on mutH and mutS also required the presence of at least one d(GATC) site. Although mismatch correction was not observed on a covalently closed circular heteroduplex lacking a d(GATC) sequence, such molecules were subject to strand-specific repair if they contained a strand-specific single-strand break. However, this correction reaction did not require mutH, mutL, mutS, or uvrD gene products. Consequently, we have concluded that d(GATC) sequences are directly involved in mismatch correction mediated by the mutHLS system.
Erythroid-restricted expression of homeobox genes of the human HOX 2 locus (1991)

We have previously reported that certain members of the HOX 1 and HOX 2 clusters of class 1 homeobox-containing genes showed lineage-restricted patterns of expression in a small series of human hematopoietic cell lines. We now report on the expression patterns of the entire HOX 2 cluster, consisting of nine homeobox genes, in a broad survey of leukemic cell lines of different phenotypes. The most striking observation is that all but one of the HOX 2 genes are consistently expressed in cells with erythroid character and/or potential, but, with rare exception, not in cells with myelomonocytic or T- or B-lymphoid phenotype. By contrast, several genes of the HOX 1 and 3 loci are not expressed in erythroid lines. Within erythroid cell lines, many of the HOX 2 genes are expressed as multiple transcripts. Expression of some HOX 2 genes is detectable in normal human marrow. These data show that in human hematopoietic cell lines HOX 2 homeobox gene expression is largely restricted to cells of erythroid phenotype and suggest that these genes play a role in erythropoiesis.
Market Communism: The Institutional Foundation of China's Post-Mao Hyper-Growth. By Lance L.P. Gore. [Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1998. xiv+354 pp. ISBN 0–19–590758–2.] (2001)

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Increased expression of epidermal IL-8 receptor in psoriasis. Down-regulation by FK-506 in vitro. (1993)

IL-8 is a chemotactic cytokine with proinflammatory and growth-promoting activities. Recently it has been shown to influence several functions of keratinocytes, including HLA-DR expression, chemotaxis, and proliferation by binding to a specific receptor. Because psoriasis vulgaris is characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation and infiltration of inflammatory cells, we investigated the expression of IL-8 and its receptor in normal and psoriatic epidermis using semiquantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In addition the mRNA levels of the proto-oncogenes c-ras, c-raf, c-myc, and HER-2 were also investigated as potential growth-promoting stimuli in psoriatic epidermis. IL-8 mRNA was only detected in lesional psoriatic epidermis, and IL-8R-specific mRNA was found to be 10 times increased in lesional psoriatic epidermis. There was no significant difference in the protooncogene mRNA levels. In order to test the relevance of the massively increased IL-8R levels in psoriatic epidermis, we investigated the effect of the antipsoriatic drug FK-506 on specific IL-8 and IL-8R mRNA expression. FK-506 dose dependently inhibited IL-8R expression and function. Our data suggest that in psoriatic skin, elevated IL-8 levels and markedly increased IL-8R expression may act in concert to induce the cardinal signs of psoriasis--epidermal hyperproliferation and leukocyte infiltration. IL-8R may prove a molecular target for antipsoriatic drugs such as FK-506.
Differential expression of thymosin β‐10 by early passage and senescent vascular endothelium is modulated by VPF/VEGF: evidence for senescent endothelial cells in vivo at sites of atherosclerosis (2001)

VPF/VEGF acts selectively on the vascular endothelium to enhance permeability, induce cell migration and division, and delay replicative senescence. To understand the changes in gene expression during endothelial senescence, we investigated genes that were differentially expressed in early vs. late passage (senescent) human dermal endothelial cells (HDMEC) using cDNA array hybridization. Early passage HDMEC cultured with or without VPF/VEGF overexpressed 9 and underexpressed 6 genes in comparison with their senescent counterparts. Thymosin beta-10 expression was modulated by VPF/VEGF and was strikingly down-regulated in senescent EC. The beta-thymosins are actin G-sequestering peptides that regulate actin dynamics and are overexpressed in neoplastic transformation. We have also identified senescent EC in the human aorta at sites overlying atherosclerotic plaques. These EC expressed senescence-associated neutral beta-galactosidase and, in contrast to adventitial microvessel endothelium, exhibited weak staining for thymosin beta-10. ISH performed on human malignant tumors revealed strong thymosin beta-10 expression in tumor blood vessels. This is the first report that Tbeta-10 expression is significantly reduced in senescent EC, that VPF/VEGF modulates thymosin beta-10 expression, and that EC can become senescent in vivo. The reduced expression of thymosin beta-10 may contribute to the senescent phenotype by reducing EC plasticity and thus impairing their response to migratory stimuli.