gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel and voltage-dependent calcium channel by activin A in HIT-T15 cells. (1995)

The ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) determines the membrane potential of pancreatic beta-cells and plays a critical role in the regulation of insulin secretion. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta supergene family, on the KATP channel in HIT-T15 clonal hamster insulinoma cells. In an excised inside-out patch, ATP-sensitive currents with a single channel conductance of approximately 20 picosiemens were observed. In an outside-out patch, currents with identical unitary conductance were also observed. In either case, the currents were augmented by diazoxide and blocked by glibenclamide, verifying that they were KATP channel currents. When KATP channel currents were monitored in an outside-out patch, activin A added to the bath solution inhibited KATP channel currents. Upon removal of activin A, the KATP channel currents were restored, suggesting that the inhibition was not due simply to spontaneous disappearance of channel activity (run-down). The KATP channel activity was markedly reduced after the addition of activin A and was reversed by diazoxide. Besides the inhibition of KATP channel, activin A increased, in a perforated patch, the amplitude of the inward Ba2+ current in response to a depolarizing pulse from -40 to +10 mV. Under the current clamp condition, activin A induced gradual depolarization, followed by a burst of action potentials. Activin-mediated action potentials were accompanied by an elevation of the cytoplasmic free calcium concentration. These results indicate that activin A causes depolarization of the plasma membrane by inhibiting the activity of the KATP channel. In addition, activin A directly modulates the voltage-dependent calcium channel and augments calcium entry.
Sustainable Fe–ppm Pd nanoparticle catalysis of Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings in water (2015)

Most of today's use of transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry relies on expensive quantities of palladium (Pd). Here we report that nanoparticles formed from inexpensive FeCl3 that naturally contains parts-per-million (ppm) levels of Pd can catalyze Suzuki-Miyaura reactions, including cases that involve highly challenging reaction partners. Nanomicelles are employed to both solubilize and deliver the reaction partners to the Fe-ppm Pd catalyst, resulting in carbon-carbon bond formation. The newly formed catalyst can be isolated and stored at ambient temperatures. Aqueous reaction mixtures containing both the surfactant and the catalyst can be recycled.
Plant tissue culture : methods and applications in agriculture (1981)

Plant tissue culture :methods and applications in agriculture , Plant tissue culture :methods and applications in agriculture , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Peptide-amphiphile nanofibers: A versatile scaffold for the preparation of self-assembling materials (2002)

Twelve derivatives of peptide-amphiphile molecules, designed to self-assemble into nanofibers, are described. The scope of amino acid selection and alkyl tail modification in the peptide-amphiphile molecules are investigated, yielding nanofibers varying in morphology, surface chemistry, and potential bioactivity. The results demonstrate the chemically versatile nature of this supramolecular system and its high potential for manufacturing nanomaterials. In addition, three different modes of self-assembly resulting in nanofibers are described, including pH control, divalent ion induction, and concentration.
Wool as a Biological Composite Structure (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWool as a Biological Composite StructureHelmut Zahn, Josef Föhles, Magdalene Nlenhaus, Annette Schwan, and Manfred SpelCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1980, 19, 4, 496–501Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360076a005https://doi.org/10.1021/i360076a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views488Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Host-to-Host Congestion Control for TCP (2010)

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) carries most Internet traffic, so performance of the Internet depends to a great extent on how well TCP works. Performance characteristics of a particular version of TCP are defined by the congestion control algorithm it employs. This paper presents a survey of various congestion control proposals that preserve the original host-to-host idea of TCP-namely, that neither sender nor receiver relies on any explicit notification from the network. The proposed solutions focus on a variety of problems, starting with the basic problem of eliminating the phenomenon of congestion collapse, and also include the problems of effectively using the available network resources in different types of environments (wired, wireless, high-speed, long-delay, etc.). In a shared, highly distributed, and heterogeneous environment such as the Internet, effective network use depends not only on how well a single TCP-based application can utilize the network capacity, but also on how well it cooperates with other applications transmitting data through the same network. Our survey shows that over the last 20 years many host-to-host techniques have been developed that address several problems with different levels of reliability and precision. There have been enhancements allowing senders to detect fast packet losses and route changes. Other techniques have the ability to estimate the loss rate, the bottleneck buffer size, and level of congestion. The survey describes each congestion control alternative, its strengths and its weaknesses. Additionally, techniques that are in common use or available for testing are described.
Response to therapy with once-weekly alendronate 70 mg compared to once-weekly risedronate 35 mg in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (2004)

Significantly more alendronate- than risedronate-treated patients achieved predefined increases in BMD at 12 months and reductions in BCMs at 3 months. Significantly more risedronate- than alendronate-treated patients were classified as apparent 'non-responders' (i.e. experienced any bone loss) after 12 months of therapy. The tolerability profiles of the two medications were similar.
Capture of Carbon Dioxide from Air and Flue Gas in the Alkylamine-Appended Metal–Organic Framework mmen-Mg2(dobpdc) (2012)

Two new metal-organic frameworks, M(2)(dobpdc) (M = Zn (1), Mg (2); dobpdc(4-) = 4,4'-dioxido-3,3'-biphenyldicarboxylate), adopting an expanded MOF-74 structure type, were synthesized via solvothermal and microwave methods. Coordinatively unsaturated Mg(2+) cations lining the 18.4-Å-diameter channels of 2 were functionalized with N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (mmen) to afford Mg(2)(dobpdc)(mmen)(1.6)(H(2)O)(0.4) (mmen-Mg(2)(dobpdc)). This compound displays an exceptional capacity for CO(2) adsorption at low pressures, taking up 2.0 mmol/g (8.1 wt %) at 0.39 mbar and 25 °C, conditions relevant to removal of CO(2) from air, and 3.14 mmol/g (12.1 wt %) at 0.15 bar and 40 °C, conditions relevant to CO(2) capture from flue gas. Dynamic gas adsorption/desorption cycling experiments demonstrate that mmen-Mg(2)(dobpdc) can be regenerated upon repeated exposures to simulated air and flue gas mixtures, with cycling capacities of 1.05 mmol/g (4.4 wt %) after 1 h of exposure to flowing 390 ppm CO(2) in simulated air at 25 °C and 2.52 mmol/g (9.9 wt %) after 15 min of exposure to flowing 15% CO(2) in N(2) at 40 °C. The purity of the CO(2) removed from dry air and flue gas in these processes was estimated to be 96% and 98%, respectively. As a flue gas adsorbent, the regeneration energy was estimated through differential scanning calorimetry experiments to be 2.34 MJ/kg CO(2) adsorbed. Overall, the performance characteristics of mmen-Mg(2)(dobpdc) indicate it to be an exceptional new adsorbent for CO(2) capture, comparing favorably with both amine-grafted silicas and aqueous amine solutions.
Myocardial regeneration by activation of multipotent cardiac stem cells in ischemic heart failure (2005)

In this study, we tested whether the human heart possesses a cardiac stem cell (CSC) pool that promotes regeneration after infarction. For this purpose, CSC growth and senescence were measured in 20 hearts with acute infarcts, 20 hearts with end-stage postinfarction cardiomyopathy, and 12 control hearts. CSC number increased markedly in acute and, to a lesser extent, in chronic infarcts. CSC growth correlated with the increase in telomerase-competent dividing CSCs from 1.5% in controls to 28% in acute infarcts and 14% in chronic infarcts. The CSC mitotic index increased 29-fold in acute and 14-fold in chronic infarcts. CSCs committed to the myocyte, smooth muscle, and endothelial cell lineages increased approximately 85-fold in acute infarcts and approximately 25-fold in chronic infarcts. However, p16(INK4a)-p53-positive senescent CSCs also increased and were 10%, 18%, and 40% in controls, acute infarcts, and chronic infarcts, respectively. Old CSCs had short telomeres and apoptosis involved 0.3%, 3.8%, and 9.6% of CSCs in controls, acute infarcts, and chronic infarcts, respectively. These variables reduced the number of functionally competent CSCs from approximately 26,000/cm3 of viable myocardium in acute to approximately 7,000/cm3 in chronic infarcts, respectively. In seven acute infarcts, foci of spontaneous myocardial regeneration that did not involve cell fusion were identified. In conclusion, the human heart possesses a CSC compartment, and CSC activation occurs in response to ischemic injury. The loss of functionally competent CSCs in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy may underlie the progressive functional deterioration and the onset of terminal failure.
Grouped graphical Granger modeling methods for temporal causal modeling (2009)

We develop and evaluate an approach to causal modeling based on time series data, collectively referred to as "grouped graphical Granger modeling methods." Graphical Granger modeling uses graphical modeling techniques on time series data and invokes the notion of "Granger causality" to make assertions on causality among a potentially large number of time series variables through inference on time-lagged effects. The present paper proposes a novel enhancement to the graphical Granger methodology by developing and applying families of regression methods that are sensitive to group information among variables, to leverage the group structure present in the lagged temporal variables according to the time series they belong to. Additionally, we propose a new family of algorithms we call group boosting, as an improved component of grouped graphical Granger modeling over the existing regression methods with grouped variable selection in the literature (e.g group Lasso). The introduction of group boosting methods is primarily motivated by the need to deal with non-linearity in the data. We perform empirical evaluation to confirm the advantage of the grouped graphical Granger methods over the standard (non-grouped) methods, as well as that specific to the methods based on group boosting. This advantage is also demonstrated for the real world application of gene regulatory network discovery from time-course microarray data.
Hepatitis B virus–cell interactions and pathogenesis (2008)

Like all viruses, hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and pathogenesis depends on the critical interplay between viral and host factors. In this review, we will focus on the recent progress in understanding the virus-host interactions at the level of the infected cell. These interactions include the requirement of cellular chaperones for the initiation of HBV reverse transcription, the role of the HBV X protein (HBx) in modifying viral and cellular transcription and signaling, the formation of the HBV episomal DNA and its epigenetic regulation in viral persistence, and the cellular factors involved in viral entry, nucleocapsid maturation, and virion secretion.
Primary Photochemical Processes in Thymine in Concentrated Aqueous Solution Studied by Femtosecond UV Spectroscopy (1996)

Using a 282 nm fs light source, we have investigated the primary photochemical processes in liquid aqueous solution of thymine (Thy), one of the DNA bases using probe pulses in the range 282−588 nm. The studied processes include two-step Thy photoionization with the formation of an electron−cation pair (Thy+,e-) followed by partial geminate recombination, the formation of primary photoproducts, energy transfer from the excited Thy molecule to surrounding water molecules as well as the S1 → S0 relaxation. The two-photon absorption of the solvent water and the resulting generation of photoproducts was also taken into account. By comparison of the numerical simulations of the model derived with the experimental results, we have estimated the absorption cross section of the species mentioned above and determined the involved time constants; e.g., the S1 lifetime τ1 = (1.2 ± 0.2) ps. The theoretical model is supported by the measured intensity dependence.
Characterisation of the immune response to the UK human anthrax vaccine (2003)

The UK human anthrax vaccine consists of the alum-precipitated culture supernatant of Bacillus anthracis Sterne. In addition to protective antigen (PA), the key immunogen, the vaccine also contains a number of other bacteria- and media-derived proteins. These proteins may contribute to the transient side effects experienced by some individuals and could influence the development of the PA-specific immune response. Bacterial cell-wall components have been shown to be potent immunomodulators. B. anthracis expresses two S-layer proteins, EA1 and Sap, which have been demonstrated to be immunogenic in animal studies. These are also immunogenic in man so that convalescent and post-immunisation sera contain specific antibodies to Ea1, and to a lesser extent, to Sap. To determine if these proteins are capable of modifying the protective immune response to PA, A/J mice were immunised with equivalent amounts of recombinant PA and S-layer proteins in the presence of alhydrogel. IgG isotype profiles were determined and the animals were subsequently challenged with spores of B. anthracis STI. The results suggest that there was no significant shift in IgG isotype profile and that the presence of the S-layer proteins did not adversely affect the protective immune response induced by PA.
Molecular cloning of a human melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. (1996)

A human melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP), recognized by mAb 9.2.27, plays a role in stabilizing cell-substratum interactions during early events of melanoma cell spreading on endothelial basement membranes. We report here the molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of cDNA encoding the entire core protein of human MCSP and provide its deduced amino acid sequence. This core protein contains an open reading frame of 2322 aa, encompassing a large extracellular domain, a hydrophobic transmembrane region, and a relatively short cytoplasmic tail. Northern blot analysis indicated that MCSP cDNA probes detect a single 8.0-kb RNA species expressed in human melanoma cell lines. In situ hybridization experiments with a segment of the MCSP coding sequence localized MCSP mRNA in biopsies prepared from melanoma skin metastases. Multiple human Northern blots with an MCSP-specific probe revealed a strong hybridization signal only with melanoma cells and not with other human cancer cells or a variety of human fetal and adult tissues. These data indicate that MCSP represents an integral membrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expressed by human malignant melanoma cells. The availability of cDNAs encoding MCSP should facilitate studies designed to establish correlations between structure and function of this molecule and help to establish its role in the progression of human malignant melanoma.
Stable and efficient intraocular gene transfer using pseudotyped EIAV lentiviral vectors (2005)

The cellular tropism and expression kinetics of optimised EIAV vectors after intraocular administration make them attractive vehicles for delivering therapeutic genes in the management of inherited and acquired retinal and anterior segment disorders.
α2A-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulated Calcium Release Is Transduced by Gi-Associated Gβγ-Mediated Activation of Phospholipase C (1997)

Proposed mechanisms by which alpha 2-adrenergic receptors (alpha 2AR) regulate intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) include stimulation and inhibition of cell surface calcium channels, stimulation of calcium release via receptor coupling to Gq with subsequent activation of phospholipase C and release of IP3, or stimulation of calcium release via coupling to Gi in an IP3-independent manner. These potential mechanisms were explored in cells that expressed alpha(2A)AR endogenously (HEL cells), permanently transfected CHO cells, and transiently transfected COS-7 cells. Each cell type displayed agonist (UK14304)-dependent increases in [Ca2+]i that were blocked by yohimbine, ablated by pertussis toxin, and largely unaffected by chelation of extracellular calcium. Furthermore, calcium release was associated with IP3 accumulation and was blocked by an inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC). When expressed in CHO cells, a mutated alpha(2A)AR which has the amino and carboxyl termini of the third intracellular loop substituted with beta 2AR sequence poorly coupled to Gi in adenylyl cyclase assays, and likewise displayed virtually no coupling to increased [Ca2+]i. These results all point toward a Gi- versus a Gq-mediated coupling pathway triggering release of intracellular calcium stores. The possibility that G(beta gamma) subunits released from alpha(2A)AR-Gi coupling is the mechanism of PLC activation was explored in COS-7 cells by coexpressing alpha(2A)AR with the G(beta gamma) inhibitors transducin or a carboxy-terminal portion of the beta AR kinase. Both beta gamma inhibitors markedly inhibited alpha(2A)AR modulation of [Ca2+]i while not affecting thromboxane A2 receptor mediated stimulation of [Ca2+]i via Gq coupling. Thus, alpha(2A)AR couple to calcium release via Gi-associated G(beta gamma) subunits. This coupling is present in multiple cell types and should be considered a major signal transduction pathway of this receptor.
<title>Simultaneous encoding of amplitude apodizers and Fresnel lenses in spatial light modulators</title> (2001)

In this paper we show a technique to simultaneously encode a Fresnel lens and an amplitude filter in a single diffractive optical element (DOE) displayed on a spatial light modulator (SLM). IN particular we have displayed this new DOE, which we call amplitude apodized Fresnel lens (AAFL), on a twisted nematic liquid-crystal working in the phase-only regime. The programmability of the AAFL permits to change dynamically its focal length and its action on the point-spread function of an optical system. We provide a method to encode the complex amplitude information of the AAFL on a phase-only function. We also demonstrate how to compensate for the inherent equivalent apodizing effect due to the pixelated structure of SLMs. Different types of AAFLs, such as transverse apodizing AAFL and transverse hyper resolving AAFL are implemented. The excellent quantitative agreement between experimental and numerical results shows the feasibility of AAFLs on a phase-only SLM.
Therapeutic nucleic acids: current clinical status (2016)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are simple linear polymers that have been the subject of considerable research in the last two decades and have now moved into the realm of being stand-alone therapeutic agents. Much of this has stemmed from the appreciation that they carry out myriad functions that go beyond mere storage of genetic information and protein synthesis. Therapy with nucleic acids either uses unmodified DNA or RNA or closely related compounds. From both a development and regulatory perspective, they fall somewhere between small molecules and biologics. Several of these compounds are in clinical development and many have received regulatory approval for human use. This review addresses therapeutic uses of DNA based on antisense oligonucleotides, DNA aptamers and gene therapy; and therapeutic uses of RNA including micro RNAs, short interfering RNAs, ribozymes, RNA decoys and circular RNAs. With their specificity, functional diversity and limited toxicity, therapeutic nucleic acids hold enormous promise. However, challenges that need to be addressed include targeted delivery, mass production at low cost, sustaining efficacy and minimizing off-target toxicity. Technological developments will hold the key to this and help accelerate drug approvals in the years to come.
The Synthesis of Aminopyridines:  A Method Employing Palladium-Catalyzed Carbon−Nitrogen Bond Formation (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe Synthesis of Aminopyridines: A Method Employing Palladium-Catalyzed Carbon−Nitrogen Bond FormationSeble Wagaw and Stephen L. BuchwaldView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 21, 7240–7241Publication Date (Web):October 18, 1996Publication History Received9 July 1996Published online18 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9612739https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9612739rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7225Altmetric-Citations322LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Catalysts,Ligands,Organic reactions,Palladium Get e-Alerts