gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility or resistance to lysis by alloreactive natural killer cells is governed by a gene in the human major histocompatibility complex between BF and HLA-B. (1990)

The specificity recognized on normal allogeneic cells by a given alloreactive (1-anti-A) natural killer clone is controlled by a gene locus termed EC1. Because the EC1 locus was previously shown to be located on chromosome 6, families characterized by a recombinant major histocompatibility complex haplotype were analyzed to map this locus more precisely. The breakpoint of recombination was studied by standard HLA typing, complement typing, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a series of genes located between the complement cluster genes and HLA-B within the major histocompatibility complex region. Three of 10 families analyzed were informative. From the data obtained, the EC1 locus maps between BF and HLA-B and presumably is one of the normal genes recently described in this region.
Reversible Positioning of Single Molecules inside Zero-Mode Waveguides (2014)

We have developed a hybrid nanopore/zero-mode waveguide device for single-molecule fluorescence and DNA sequencing applications. The device is a freestanding solid-state membrane with sub-5 nm nanopores that reversibly delivers individual biomolecules to the base of 70 nm diameter waveguides for interrogation. Rapid and reversible molecular loading is achieved by controlling the voltage across the device. Using this device we demonstrate protein and DNA loading with efficiency that is orders of magnitude higher than diffusion-based molecular loading.
Synthesis of Peptide−Oligonucleotide Conjugates with Single and Multiple Peptides Attached to 2‘-Aldehydes through Thiazolidine, Oxime, and Hydrazine Linkages (2002)

2'-Deoxyoligonucleotides and 2'-O-methyloligoribonucleotides carrying one or more 2'-aldehyde groups were synthesized and coupled to peptides containing an N-terminal cysteine, aminooxy, or hydrazide group to give peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates incorporating single or multiple peptides in good yield. The facile conjugation method allows specific coupling in aqueous solution of unprotected oligonucleotides containing aldehyde groups to unprotected N-terminally modified peptides and other small molecules. A 12-mer 2'-O-methyloligoribonucleotide complementary to the HIV-1 TAR RNA stem-loop and containing two conjugated copies of an 8-mer model laminin peptide was hardly affected in TAR RNA binding and showed a similar level of inhibition of HIV-1 Tat-dependent in vitro transcription compared to the unconjugated 2'-O-methyloligoribonucleotide. Advantages of this conjugation method include (1) the ability to attach more than one peptide or other small molecule to oligonucleotide at defined nucleoside residue locations; (2) a conjugation route that does not affect significantly oligonucleotide binding to RNA structures; and (3) three alternative, facile, and mild conjugation reaction types that do not require use of a large excess of peptide reagent.
Complementary Roles for Biomarkers of Biomechanical Strain ST2 and N-Terminal Prohormone B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (2008)

In ST-elevation myocardial infarction, high baseline ST2 levels are a significant predictor of cardiovascular death and heart failure independently of baseline characteristics and NT-proBNP, and the combination of ST2 and NT-proBNP significantly improves risk stratification. These data highlight the prognostic value of multiple, complementary biomarkers of biomechanical strain in ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Automatic detection of gait events: a case study using inductive learning techniques (1989)

One of the problems which occurs in the development of a control system for functional electrical stimulation of the lower limbs is to detect accurately specific events within the gait cycle. We present a method for the classification of phases of the gait cycle using the artificial intelligence technique of inductive learning. Both the terminology of inductive learning and the algorithm used for the analyses are fully explained. Given a set of examples of sensor data from the gait events that are to be detected, the inductive learning algorithm is able to produce a decision tree (or set of rules) which classify the data using a minimum number of sensors. The nature of the redundancy of the sensor set is examined by progressively removing combinations of sensors and noting the effect on both the size of the decision trees produced and their classification accuracy on 'unseen' testing data. Since the algorithm is able to calculate which sensors are more important (informative), comparisons with the intuitive appreciation of sensor importance of five researchers in the fields were made, revealing that those sensors which appear intuitively most informative may, in fact, provide the least information. Comparison results with the standard statistical classification technique of linear discriminant analysis are also presented, showing the relative simplicity of the inductively derived rules together with their good classification accuracy. In addition to the control of FES, such techniques are also applicable to automatic gait analysis and the construction of expert systems for diagnosis of gait pathologies.
Coordinated regulation of apoptosis and cell proliferation by transforming growth factor beta 1 in cultured uterine epithelial cells. (1991)

Cell and tissue growth is regulated through a complex interplay of stimulatory and inhibitory signals. We describe two biological actions of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in primary cultures of rabbit uterine epithelial cells: (i) inhibition of cell proliferation and (ii) a concomitant increase in cells undergoing apoptosis (programmed cell death). It is proposed that proliferation and apoptosis together comprise normal cell growth regulation.
An APRIL-based chimeric antigen receptor for dual targeting of BCMA and TACI in multiple myeloma (2017)

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a promising therapeutic target for multiple myeloma (MM), but expression is variable, and early reports of BCMA targeting chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) suggest antigen downregulation at relapse. Dual-antigen targeting increases targetable tumor antigens and reduces the risk of antigen-negative disease escape. "A proliferation-inducing ligand" (APRIL) is a natural high-affinity ligand for BCMA and transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand (TACI). We quantified surface tumor expression of BCMA and TACI on primary MM cells (n = 50). All cases tested expressed BCMA, and 39 (78%) of them also expressed TACI. We engineered a third-generation APRIL-based CAR (ACAR), which killed targets expressing either BCMA or TACI (<i>P</i> < .01 and <i>P</i> < .05, respectively, cf. control, effector-to-target [E:T] ratio 16:1). We confirmed cytolysis at antigen levels similar to those on primary MM, at low E:T ratios (56.2% ± 3.9% killing of MM.1s at 48 h, E:T ratio 1:32; <i>P</i> < .01) and of primary MM cells (72.9% ± 12.2% killing at 3 days, E:T ratio 1:1; <i>P</i> < .05, n = 5). Demonstrating tumor control in the absence of BCMA, we maintained cytolysis of primary tumor expressing both BCMA and TACI in the presence of a BCMA-targeting antibody. Furthermore, using an intramedullary myeloma model, ACAR T cells caused regression of an established tumor within 2 days. Finally, in an in vivo model of tumor escape, there was complete ACAR-mediated tumor clearance of BCMA<sup>+</sup>TACI<sup>-</sup> and BCMA<sup>-</sup>TACI<sup>+</sup> cells, and a single-chain variable fragment CAR targeting BCMA alone resulted in outgrowth of a BCMA-negative tumor. These results support the clinical potential of this approach.
Role of the Stable Signal Peptide of Junin Arenavirus Envelope Glycoprotein in pH-Dependent Membrane Fusion (2006)

The envelope glycoprotein of the arenaviruses (GP-C) is unusual in that the mature complex retains the cleaved, 58-amino-acid signal peptide. Association of this stable signal peptide (SSP) has been shown to be essential for intracellular trafficking and proteolytic maturation of the GP-C complex. We identify here a specific and previously unrecognized role of SSP in pH-dependent membrane fusion. Amino acid substitutions that alter the positive charge at lysine K33 in SSP affect the ability of GP-C to mediate cell-cell fusion and the threshold pH at which membrane fusion is triggered. Based on the presumed location of K33 at or near the luminal domain of SSP, we postulate that SSP interacts with the membrane-proximal or transmembrane regions of the G2 fusion protein. This unique organization of the GP-C complex may suggest novel strategies for intervention in arenavirus infection.
Distribution of FGF‐2 suggests it has a role in chick limb bud growth (1993)

We developed and characterized antibodies specific for FGF-2 and used them to locate FGF-2 during chick embryo development. A series of micrographs demonstrated the progression of FGF-2 staining during development of the different tissues and organs. FGF-2 was present in the ectoderm covering the entire embryo, muscle cells, nervous system, neural crest cells, and mesonephros. FGF-2 was also present in the limb from initiation of budding through differentiation. The limb ectoderm and subjacent mesoderm showed the strongest immunostaining, with lower levels in the center of the bud. However, the distribution of FGF-2 positive cells in the mesoderm was not homogeneous. This heterogeneity was not due to cell cycle specific distribution of FGF-2 protein, as flow cytometric analysis showed that FGF-2-positive cells were distributed throughout the cell cycle. However, the amount of anti-FGF-2 fluorescence varied most during G1, consistent with the possibility that FGF-2 is low after M phase and increases during G1. A bioassay was used to demonstrate FGF-2 levels in the wing ectoderm were approximately 2.7-fold greater than in the mesoderm. We propose that the location of FGF-2 in the embryo is consistent with a role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions; in the limb bud it may prevent differentiation and permit limb outgrowth and subsequent expression of patterning events.
Abstract 1014: Targeting cancer stem cells by a Notch2/Notch3 cross-reactive antibody inhibits tumor growth and delays tumor recurrence in pancreatic cancer (2012)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with very poor prognosis and few treatment options. The Notch pathway has been implicated in the development of pancreatic cancer, and in particular both Notch2 and Notch3 are known to be important in this disease. In this report, we examined the in vivo efficacy of an antibody that was initially identified by binding to Notch2 and was subsequently shown to block signaling of both human and mouse Notch2 and Notch3. Utilizing a panel of minimally-passaged, patient-derived, pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenograft tumors, we performed in vivo growth inhibition and tumorigenicity studies with the Notch2/3 antibody alone or combined with the standard-of-care chemotherapeutic gemcitabine. We demonstrated that the Notch2/3 antibody was active as a single agent, and when combined with gemcitabine, the combination therapy resulted in improved efficacy over that of gemcitabine alone. Utilizing an in vivo limiting dilution tumorigenicity assay, we found that the cancer stem cell (CSC) frequency was increased by gemcitabine as a single agent, but significantly decreased by the combination of anti-Notch2/3 and gemcitabine. Analysis of cell surface markers associated with pancreatic cancer stem cells indicated that gemcitabine treatment results in an increase in the percentage of CSCs, while the Notch2/3 antibody significantly reduced the CSC population. Utilizing this pancreatic cancer xenograft model, we analyzed the ability of the Notch 2/3 antibody to delay tumor recurrence following gemcitabine induced tumor regression. While gemcitabine-treated tumors re-grew rapidly following treatment termination, the ability of tumors to recur was significantly delayed by the Notch2/3 antibody suggesting that the delay in tumor recurrence is in part due to the Notch2/3 antibody-mediated decrease in CSC frequency. Gene set enrichment analysis in tumors that responded to anti-Notch2/3 revealed that various stem cell gene sets were up-regulated in tumors treated by gemcitabine alone, but down-regulated by the combination of anti-Notch2/3 and gemcitabine. Findings from this study suggest that antagonists of Notch signaling may act as chemotherapeutic-sensitizing agents by interfering with CSC self renewal pathways and thereby enhancing the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy on CSCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1014. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1014
Epithelins 1 and 2: isolation and characterization of two cysteine-rich growth-modulating proteins. (1990)

Two proteins, termed epithelin 1 and epithelin 2, that inhibit the growth of A431 cells, derived from a human epidermal carcinoma of the vulva, have been purified from rat kidney. Epithelin 1 stimulates the proliferation of murine keratinocytes, whereas epithelin 2 inhibits the epithelin 1-elicited growth of these cells. Thus epithelin 1 and 2 behave as agonist and antagonist, respectively, for normal epithelial cells. Epithelins are low molecular mass (approximately 6 kDa), acid- and heat-stable, single-chain proteins containing approximately 20% cysteine. Some of these cysteines form disulfide linkage(s) that are essential for biological activity. The amino-terminal amino acid sequences of epithelin 1 and epithelin 2 have been determined. The two proteins showed no substantial sequence homology with other proteins. However, a significant homology was seen between the amino-terminal sequences of epithelin 1 and epithelin 2. Epithelins 1 and 2, therefore, appear to represent members of a distinct family of growth regulators.
Modification of the Cockcroft-Walton charge pump by using switched capacitors technique for improved performance under capacitive loads (2009)

This paper presents a modified Cockcroft-Walton charge pump designed for driving capacitive or low current resistive loads. The proposed modification by using switched capacitors technique shows great improvement in output voltage levels that it achieves, and in number of capacitors needed for reaching a certain voltage level. Also, it requires no additional clocking scheme besides the present single phase AC signal. The proposed Switched Cockcroft-Walton (SCW) charge pump was simulated and compared with the CW charge pump.
Mechanism of the olefin metathesis reaction. 4. Catalyst precursors in tungsten(VI) based systems (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the olefin metathesis reaction. 4. Catalyst precursors in tungsten(VI) based systemsM. T. Mocella, R. Rovner, and E. L. MuettertiesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 15, 4689–4690Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00431a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00431a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Unique Articulated Downhole Motor Holds Promising Future for Short Radius Horizontal Drilling (1990)

ABSTRACT This paper will introduce the industry to a unique articulated downhole motor system designed to drill lateral extensions out of a short radius build curve.1 For the sake of clarity, a short radius build curve will be defined as a curve having a radius between 19' - 60' (6m - 18m). This equates to build rates of 3°/ft - 1°/ft (9.8°/m - 3.2°/m). The theoretical build radius of the articulated motor system is 39’ (12m), or a build rate of 1.467ft (4.79°/m). Lateral extensions up to 929 ft (283m) have been drilled using the system. With significant improvements in drilling efficiency and lateral lengths, the articulated motor system opens up a wide range of opportunities for short radius horizontal drilling.2 The paper discusses the industry needs that brought about the system's conception and design. The development of the articulated motor system is explained through a series of case histories so that the reader will gain a better understanding of the overall nature of short radius horizontal drilling. Important points from the overall learning curve will be detailed. The paper assumes that the reader is familiar with basic directional drilling terminology.1 The paper will discuss the different options associated with hole size and casing programs. Techniques for horizontal re-entries will be presented, along with project planning considerations for new and existing wells. Rig requirements and operating parameters will be outlined. Unusual mathematical survey and projection considerations unique to this system are presented as well as hole drag observations from the field.
Tramadol, an Alternative to Morphine for Treating Posttraumatic Pain in the Prehospital Situation (2001)

In this randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group study, we compared the efficacy of tramadol and morphine administered IV for the management of pain in trauma patients in the prehospital situation. One-hundred-five patients were randomly allocated to receive tramadol (Group T) or morphine (Group M). The initial dose was 100 mg tramadol in Group T and 5 mg morphine (body weight < or = 70 kg) or 10 mg morphine (body weight >70 kg) in Group M; this could be increased to 200 mg in Group T and 15 or 20 mg in Group M if necessary. Pain intensity was assessed with four-point verbal rating scales. Sedation, physiologic data, and adverse events were also recorded. Analgesia was similar in both groups; the 95% confidence interval for the difference between the decrease in pain intensity observed with tramadol or morphine was -0.26 to 0.30, which was within the predefined equivalence range (-0.50 to 0.50). Neither sedation scores nor physiologic data differed between groups. Tramadol is an acceptable alternative to morphine in the prehospital trauma setting.
The Human Ubiquitin C Promoter Directs High Ubiquitous Expression of Transgenes in Mice (1996)

Transgenic mice provide one of the best experimental systems to study gene function in vivo. Although transgenic mice carry the additional genetic material in every cell of the body, expression of the transgenes under the control of constitutive promoter/enhancer units, such as the murine major histocompatibility complex promoter H2-K b, the CMV enhancer/promoter, the murine Pgk-1 promoter or the chicken cytoplasmatic β-actin promoter is often restricted to a limited number of tissues (1–5). However, for most experimental dominant gain-of-function approaches addressing the role of a given protein in a multicellular organism an ubiquitous expression of the transgene might be highly desired. Here we report the application of a powerful expression vector using the 5′-flanking region of the human ubiquitin C gene that allows very efficient expression of a given transgene in a broad range of tissues.
Extensive Oligodendrocyte Remyelination following Injection of Cultured Central Nervous System Cells into Demyelinating Lesions in Adult Central Nervous System (1988)

Following the injection of central nervous system (CNS) cell cultures, prepared from 1-day-old rats and maintained in vitro for 7 days, into irradiated, demyelinating lesions in the spinal cord of adult isologous animals, extensive remyelination of axons by oligodendrocytes was observed. In addition, astrocytes, within the transplanted cell suspension, established normal relationships with oligodendrocytes, axons and other tissue elements, which led to the establishment of large CNS territories throughout the lesions. Outside these CNS domains, Schwann cells, which are present in the transplanted cell suspension, myelinated groups of axons. These observations indicate that the irradiated, ethidium bromide lesion provides an in vivo environment, devoid of the influences of host glia, in which to examine the interactions of transplanted glial cells with demyelinating axons.
Generation of high-fidelity programmable ultrafast optical waveforms (1995)

We report advances in the generation of ultrafast optical waveforms with programmable time-dependent amplitude and temporal phase profiles. Two liquid-crystal spatial light modulators are employed in a novel arrangement to permit the generation of programmable ultrashort waveforms with exceptional versatility and fidelity. We also demonstrate ultrafast waveform generation in which the time-dependent polarization profile is controlled.
IκB Family Members Function by Different Mechanisms (2001)

The IkappaB family of proteins regulates NF-kappaB-dependent transcription by inhibiting DNA binding and localizing these factors to the cell cytoplasm. IkappaBalpha does this by shifting the balance between nuclear import of Rel proteins and their export from the nucleus. Here we show that, unlike IkappaBalpha, IkappaBbeta and IkappaBepsilon appear to sequester p65 or c-Rel in the cytoplasm by inhibiting nuclear import. Furthermore, because IkappaBbeta does not undergo nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, it cannot remove nuclear proteins like IkappaBalpha does. We conclude that the mechanism of action differs among IkappaB family members.
Tunable, Post-translational Hydroxylation of Collagen Domains in Escherichia coli (2011)

Prolyl 4-hydroxylases are ascorbate-dependent oxygenases that play key roles in a variety of eukaryotic biological processes including oxygen sensing, siRNA regulation, and collagen folding. They perform their functions by catalyzing the post-translational hydroxylation of specific proline residues on target proteins to form (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline. Thus far, the study of these post-translational modifications has been limited by the lack of a prokaryotic recombinant expression system for producing hydroxylated proteins. By introducing a biosynthetic shunt to produce ascorbate-like molecules in Eschericia coli cells that heterologously express human prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H), we have created a strain of E. coli that produces collagenous proteins with high levels of (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline. Using this new system, we have observed hydroxylation patterns indicative of a processive catalytic mode for P4H that is active even in the absence of ascorbate. Our results provide insights into P4H enzymology and create a foundation for better understanding how post-translational hydroxylation affects proteins.