gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of the Cell Saver during Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery — Influence on Transfusion with Bank Blood. A Retrospective Survey (1991)

One hundred and two patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and admitted to ICU at RPAH in 1989/90 were studied. In forty patients a cell saver was used during the operative procedure (Group CS) while in the remaining sixty-two patients intraoperative blood loss was drained and discarded conventionally (Group NCS). Preoperative ASA grade and postoperative APACHE score were similar in these two groups. The amount of bank blood transfused intraoperatively was less in Group CS than in Group NCS (0.6 +/- 0.2 vs 3.3 +/- 0.3 units) (mean +/- SEM) (P less than 0.0001). The total amount of bank blood transfused during hospital admission was also less in Group CS (1.5 +/- 0.4 vs 4.8 +/- 0.4 units, P less than 0.0001). Of Group CS, 22 patients (55%) received no bank blood compared to two patients (3%) in Group NCS. There was no difference between the groups with respect to postoperative haemoglobin and creatinine levels. ICU stay was similar in both groups. We conclude that use of the cell saver reduces perioperative bank blood transfusion in elective abdominal aortic surgery.
Wavelength beam combining of ytterbium fiber lasers (2003)

Wavelength beam combining of five ytterbium fiber lasers is demonstrated in a master-oscillator power-amplifier configuration at combined powers up to 6 W. The combined beam profile has an M2 value of 1.14, which is equal to that of an individual fiber. Beam steering in one dimension over 140 resolvable spots is also demonstrated.
Activation of TRPV1 in the spinal cord by oxidized linoleic acid metabolites contributes to inflammatory hyperalgesia (2009)

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) plays a major role in hyperalgesia and allodynia and is expressed both in the peripheral and central nervous systems (CNS). However, few studies have evaluated mechanisms by which CNS TRPV1 mediates hyperalgesia and allodynia after injury. We hypothesized that activation of spinal cord systems releases endogenous TRPV1 agonists that evoke the development of mechanical allodynia by this receptor. Using in vitro superfusion, the depolarization of spinal cord triggered the release of oxidized linoleic acid metabolites, such as 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) that potently activated spinal TRPV1, leading to the development of mechanical allodynia. Subsequent calcium imaging and electrophysiology studies demonstrated that synthetic oxidized linoleic acid metabolites, including 9-HODE, 13-HODE, and 9 and 13-oxoODE, comprise a family of endogenous TRPV1 agonists. In vivo studies demonstrated that intrathecal application of these oxidized linoleic acid metabolites rapidly evokes mechanical allodynia. Finally, intrathecal neutralization of 9- and 13-HODE by antibodies blocks CFA-evoked mechanical allodynia. These data collectively reveal a mechanism by which an endogenous family of lipids activates TRPV1 in the spinal cord, leading to the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia. These findings may integrate many pain disorders and provide an approach for developing analgesic drugs.
Very Early Nimodipine Use in Stroke (VENUS) (2001)

The results of VENUS do not support the hypothesis of a beneficial effect of early nimodipine in stroke patients.
Integrative Genomics in Combination with RNA Interference Identifies Prognostic and Functionally Relevant Gene Targets for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2013)

In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), metastasis to lymph nodes is associated with a 50% reduction in 5-year survival. To identify a metastatic gene set based on DNA copy number abnormalities (CNAs) of differentially expressed genes, we compared DNA and RNA of OSCC cells laser-microdissected from non-metastatic primary tumors (n = 17) with those from lymph node metastases (n = 20), using Affymetrix 250K Nsp single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and U133 Plus 2.0 arrays, respectively. With a false discovery rate (FDR)<5%, 1988 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed between primary and metastatic OSCC. Of these, 114 were found to have a significant correlation between DNA copy number and gene expression (FDR<0.01). Among these 114 correlated transcripts, the corresponding genomic regions of each of 95 transcripts had CNAs differences between primary and metastatic OSCC (FDR<0.01). Using an independent dataset of 133 patients, multivariable analysis showed that the OSCC-specific and overall mortality hazards ratio (HR) for patients carrying the 95-transcript signature were 4.75 (95% CI: 2.03-11.11) and 3.45 (95% CI: 1.84-6.50), respectively. To determine the degree by which these genes impact cell survival, we compared the growth of five OSCC cell lines before and after knockdown of over-amplified transcripts via a high-throughput siRNA-mediated screen. The expression-knockdown of 18 of the 26 genes tested showed a growth suppression ≥ 30% in at least one cell line (P<0.01). In particular, cell lines derived from late-stage OSCC were more sensitive to the knockdown of G3BP1 than cell lines derived from early-stage OSCC, and the growth suppression was likely caused by increase in apoptosis. Further investigation is warranted to examine the biological role of these genes in OSCC progression and their therapeutic potentials.
Bimanual and unimanual image alignment (2005)

We present an evaluation of three mouse-based techniques for aligning digital images. We investigate the physical image alignment task and discuss the implications for interacting with virtual images. In a formal evaluation we show that a symmetric bimanual technique outperforms an asymmetric bimanual technique which in turn outperforms a unimanual technique. We show that even after mode switching times are removed, the symmetric technique outperforms the single mouse technique. Subjects also exhibited more parallel interaction using the symmetric technique than when using the asymmetric technique.
A 32b 66 MHz 1.8 W microprocessor (2002)

A high-performance 32b CMOS microprocessor with an on-chip cache and low power for functional and standby modes has performance of 26MIPS and dissipates only 1.77 W in functional mode. The features include a 16 b data interface and 24 b address bus, a 16 kB four-way set associative cache, and a clock doubler for operation at 33/66 MHz. The chip is 9/spl times/7.7 mm/sup 2/. It uses single-latch LSSD design and has 99.5% stuck-at fault test coverage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The maize chloroplast genes for the β and ε subunits of the photosynthetic factor CF1are fused (1982)

We have cloned and sequenced the maize chloroplast genome fragment Eco RI e which contains the 2.2 kb transcript previously reported (Link, G. and Bogorad, L. (1980) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 77 6821-6825) to lie next to the maize gene for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (LS) and to be transcribed divergently. Immunochemical and sequencing data show that the gene codes for the beta subunit of the maize chloroplast coupling factor complex (CF1). The derived amino acid sequence is highly homologous to that of the corresponding E. coli protein (Saraste et al. (1981) Nucleic Acids Res. 9 5287-5296). The last base of the codon for the terminal lysine residue of the beta subunit of CF1 is the first base of the codon for the initiating methionine of an open reading frame whose derived amino acid composition and size closely match that reported for the epsilon subunit (Binder et al. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253 3094-3100). The close coupling of the two genes may serve to in sure their stoichiometric production.
Estrogen-sensitive proliferation pattern of cloned Syrian hamster kidney tumor cells. (1988)

Estrogen-sensitive hamster kidney tumor cells H301 and their clonal derivatives were inhibited from proliferating in culture by charcoal-dextran (CD) stripped serum in a dose-dependent manner. Homologous serum was more potent an inhibitor than heterologous (human, bovine, equine) sera. Natural and synthetic estrogens failed to increase the proliferation rate of cells maintained in 2% CD Syrian hamster serum (SHS). At CDSHS concentrations above 2%, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited and estrogens completely reversed this inhibitory effect. Nonestrogenic steroids failed to overcome the serum inhibition. Two synthetic estrogens, moxestrol and 11 beta-chloromethylestradiol, were 10-fold more potent than estradiol in increasing cell proliferation yields; they were however, less potent than estradiol in inhibiting [3H]estradiol binding to intracellular estrophilins. d-Equilenin, a poor inducer of kidney tumors, was a weak estrogen in the "in culture" proliferation assay. Ethynylestradiol was highly estrogenic in culture while reports suggest that it is poor tumor inducer in the animal. Progestagens inhibit the growth of estrogen-induced kidney tumors; only promegestone partially blocked the proliferative effect of estradiol in cultures supplemented with 10% CDSHS. Charcoal-dextran stripped serum from animals bearing a diethylstillbestrol implant was as effective as the serum of untreated male hamsters in inhibiting the proliferation of B3H301 cells. These results are compatible with the following interpretations: (a) hamster serum contains a potent specific inhibitor of the proliferation of estrogen-sensitive cells (estrocolyone); (b) estrogens induce cell proliferation by neutralizing the effect of this serum-borne inhibitor; (c) the poor correlation between estrophilin binding and proliferative potency suggests no direct estrophilin involvement in the proliferative effect of estrogens on these cells; (d) the results obtained in this "in culture" model using estrogen (except ethynylestradiol) and other steroids are compatible with the results obtained in the animal; and (e) the tumorigenic process in Syrian hamster kidneys triggered by estrogens probably involves their direct interaction within these cells (shut-off effect) in addition to the neutralization of the estrocolyone.
Hypothesis: a possible role for mast cells and their inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1996)

Mast cells and their potent chemical mediators are known to initiate and modulate a number of important inflammatory cascades. With respect to the central nervous system, the role of mast cells as participants in the promotion and resolution of inflammation has been widely underestimated. Mast cell-derived histamine, serotonin, kallikreins, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) can enhance microvascular permeability, leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and extravasation of inflammatory cells into the brain and spinal cord. Mast cell mediators may play an important role in autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis by promoting the entry of autoreactive T cells and the recruitment of nonspecific monocytes across the blood:brain barrier.
Cross‐talk between Wnt signaling pathways in human mesenchymal stem cells leads to functional antagonism during osteogenic differentiation (2007)

Wnt signaling is involved in developmental processes and in adult stem cell homeostasis. This study analyzes the role(s) of key Wnt signaling mediators in the maintenance and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We focus specifically on the involvement of low-density lipoprotein-related protein 5 (LRP5), T-cell factor 1 (TCF1), and Frizzled (Fz) receptors, in the presence or absence of exogenous, prototypical canonical (Wnt3a), and non-canonical (Wnt5a) Wnts. In undifferentiated MSCs, LRP5 and TCF1 mediate canonical Wnt signal transduction, leading to increased proliferation, enhanced synergistically by Wnt3a. However, LRP5 overexpression inhibits osteogenic differentiation, further suppressed by Wnt3a. Wnt5a does not affect cell proliferation but enhances osteogenesis of MSCs. Interestingly, Wnt5a inhibits Wnt3a effects on MSCs, while Wnt3a suppresses Wnt5a-mediated enhancement of osteogenesis. Flow cytometry revealed that LRP5 expression elicits differential changes in Fz receptor profiles in undifferentiated versus osteogenic MSCs. Taken together, these results suggest that Wnt signaling crosstalk and functional antagonism with the LRP5 co-receptor are key signaling regulators of MSC maintenance and differentiation.
Antigenic Differences between H5N1 Human Influenza Viruses Isolated in 1997 and 2003 (2004)

To assess whether the antigenic properties of H5 hemagglutinin (HA) change over time due to antigenic drift, we produced a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the HA of the index H5N1 human influenza A virus, A/Hong Kong/156/97. By immunizing mice with a plasmid expressing this HA and boosting the initial immunization with cell lysates transfected with the plasmid, a total of six hybridomas producing HA-specific mAbs were established: four to the HA1 subunit with hemadsorption-inhibiting activity and two to the HA2 subunit. None of the mAbs to HA1 could bind to the HA of a recent human isolate, A/Hong Kong/213/2003, indicating that there are substantial antigenic differences between the H5N1 human influenza virus isolated in 1997 and that isolated in 2003.
Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Pathways: Regulation and Physiological Functions* (2001)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases comprise a family of ubiquitous proline-directed, protein-serine/threonine kinases, which participate in signal transduction pathways that control intracellular events including acute responses to hormones and major developmental changes in organisms. MAP kinases lie in protein kinase cascades. This review discusses the regulation and functions of mammalian MAP kinases. Nonenzymatic mechanisms that impact MAP kinase functions and findings from gene disruption studies are highlighted. Particular emphasis is on ERK1/2.
GUIDING LAND VEHICLES ALONG ROADWAYS BY COMPUTER VISION (1985)

This paper describes an experimental system which extracts information from conventional video systems to guide a vehicle autonomously along a roadway. Simulation results with real sensor and image processing- hardware are given. A knowledge based integrating geometrical and dynamical models as the core of the software package is used for directing multiprocessor activities.
Suppression of rolling circle amplification by nucleotide analogs in circular template for three DNA polymerases (2016)

Among wide applications of nucleotide analogs, their roles in enzyme catalytic reactions are significant in both fundamental and medical researches. By introducing analogs into circular templates, we succeeded in determining effects of four analogs on RCA efficiency for three different DNA polymerases. Results showed an obvious suppression effect for 2'-OMeRNA modification, which might be due to the size of the C2'-modified moieties. 2'-F RNA, LNA and PS had little interference, suggesting good analog candidates for application in RCA. Different polymerases and nucleobases made a little difference according to analogs we used. These results are useful for understanding polymerase catalytic mechanism and analogs applications in RCA reaction.
IgG hydrolysis in abscesses. I. A study of the IgG in human abscess fluid. (1974)

Human abscess fluids have been shown to contain Fc and Fab fragments of IgG. The Fab fragments were able to inhibit chymotrypsin and subtilisin agglutinators but not pepsin, papain, ficin, bromelin, or trypsin agglutinators. The levels of proteolytic enzymes in abscess fluids were measured and shown to be high.
Stimulation of Glucose Production by Activin-A in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes* (1989)

The effect of activin-A on glycogenolysis was studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. Activin-A stimulated glucose output in hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal effect of the glycogenolytic action of activin-A, which was about 50% of the glucagon action, was obtained at 10(-9) M. When 10(-9) M activin-A and 5 x 10(-9) M glucagon were added simultaneously, the actions of these two agents were additive. In contrast, there was no additivity when 10(-9) M activin-A and 10(-8) M angiotensin-II were added. Activin-A did not increase cAMP at any doses tested, but induced a rapid increase in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration. Activin-A increased the cytoplasmic free calcium concentration even in the presence of 1 microM extracellular calcium, suggesting that activin-A caused calcium release from an intracellular calcium pool(s). The internal calcium pool affected by activin-A appeared to be the same as that affected by either angiotensin-II or vasopressin. When [3H] inositol-labeled hepatocytes were incubated with activin-A, radioactivity in the inositol trisphosphate fraction was rapidly increased. These results indicate that activin-A acts on rat hepatocytes and stimulates glycogenolysis by activating the calcium messenger system.
Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation (1998)

From the Publisher:
This book represents the most comprehensive treatment available of neural networks from an engineering perspective. Thorough, well-organized, and completely up to date, it examines all the important aspects of this emerging technology, including the learning process, back-propagation learning, radial-basis function networks, self-organizing systems, modular networks, temporal processing and neurodynamics, and VLSI implementation of neural networks. Written in a concise and fluid manner, by a foremost engineering textbook author, to make the material more accessible, this book is ideal for professional engineers and graduate students entering this exciting field. Computer experiments, problems, worked examples, a bibliography, photographs, and illustrations reinforce key concepts.
The role of plasma amino acids in hepatic encephalopathy. (1975)

The dog with an end-to-side portacaval shunt has a plasma amino acid pattern similar to that in man with chronic liver disease and encephalopathy. When dogs with end-to-side portacaval shunts manifested symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy, superior caval catheters were placed and one of three solutions was infused. Whereas almost all animals given a commercially available synthetic amino acid mixture died, a special mixture formulated to normalize plasma amino acids was associated with 100 percent survival and few neurological symptoms. The results suggest that manipulation and normalization of plasma amino acids in animals with hepatic failure may be efficacious in providing adequate nutrition while minimizing hepatic encephalopathy. Moreover, these experiments may shed some light on the mechanism of human hepatic encephalopathy.
Differential Response of Human Ovarian Cancer Cells to Induction of Apoptosis by Vitamin E Succinate and Vitamin E Analogue, α-TEA (2004)

A vitamin E derivative, vitamin E succinate (VES; RRR-alpha-tocopheryl succinate), and a vitamin E analogue, 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2R-(4R,8R,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-yloxy acetic acid (alpha-TEA), induce human breast, prostate, colon, lung, cervical, and endometrial tumor cells in culture to undergo apoptosis but not normal human mammary epithelial cells, immortalized, nontumorigenic breast cells, or normal human prostate epithelial cells. Human ovarian and cervical cancer cell lines are exceptions, with alpha-TEA exhibiting greater proapoptotic effects. Although both VES and alpha-TEA can induce A2780 and subline A2780/cp70 ovarian cancer cells to undergo DNA synthesis arrest within 24 h of treatment, only alpha-TEA is an effective inducer of apoptosis. VES or alpha-TEA treatment of cp70 cells with 5, 10, or 20 microg/ml for 3 days induced 5, 6, and 19% versus 9, 36, and 71% apoptosis, respectively. Colony formation data provide additional evidence that cp70 cells are more sensitive to growth inhibition by alpha-TEA than VES. Differences in stability of the ester-linked succinate moiety of VES versus the ether-linked acetic acid moiety of alpha-TEA were demonstrated by high-performance liquid chromatography analyses that showed alpha-TEA to remain intact, whereas VES was hydrolyzed to the free phenol, RRR-alpha-tocopherol. Pretreatment of cp70 cells with bis-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate, an esterase inhibitor, before VES treatment, resulted in increased levels of intact VES and apoptosis. Taken together, these data show alpha-TEA to be a potent and stable proapoptotic agent for human ovarian tumor cells and suggest that endogenous ovarian esterases can hydrolyze the succinate moiety of VES, yielding RRR-alpha-tocopherol, an ineffective apoptotic-inducing agent.
Weight Gain in the First Week of Life and Overweight in Adulthood (2005)

In formula-fed infants, weight gain during the first week of life may be a critical determinant for the development of obesity several decades later. These results contribute to the understanding of chronic disease programming and suggest new approaches to obesity prevention.
Systematic discovery of regulated and conserved alternative exons in the mammalian brain reveals NMD modulating chromatin regulators (2015)

Alternative splicing (AS) dramatically expands the complexity of the mammalian brain transcriptome, but its atlas remains incomplete. Here we performed deep mRNA sequencing of mouse cortex to discover and characterize alternative exons with potential functional significance. Our analysis expands the list of AS events over 10-fold compared with previous annotations, demonstrating that 72% of multiexon genes express multiple splice variants in this single tissue. To evaluate functionality of the newly discovered AS events, we conducted comprehensive analyses on central nervous system (CNS) cell type-specific splicing, targets of tissue- or cell type-specific RNA binding proteins (RBPs), evolutionary selection pressure, and coupling of AS with nonsense-mediated decay (AS-NMD). We show that newly discovered events account for 23-42% of all cassette exons under tissue- or cell type-specific regulation. Furthermore, over 7,000 cassette exons are under evolutionary selection for regulated AS in mammals, 70% of which are new. Among these are 3,058 highly conserved cassette exons, including 1,014 NMD exons that may function directly to control gene expression levels. These NMD exons are particularly enriched in RBPs including splicing factors and interestingly also regulators for other steps of RNA metabolism. Unexpectedly, a second group of NMD exons reside in genes encoding chromatin regulators. Although the conservation of NMD exons in RBPs frequently extends into lower vertebrates, NMD exons in chromatin regulators are introduced later into the mammalian lineage, implying the emergence of a novel mechanism coupling AS and epigenetics. Our results highlight previously uncharacterized complexity and evolution in the mammalian brain transcriptome.
Comparative Neuropharmacology of Dihydroergotamine and Sumatriptan (GR 43175) (1989)

The potency of dihydroergotamine (DHE) was determined at 13 neurotransmitter receptors using radioligand binding techniques. DHE is a potent agent (i.e. affinity value less than 100 nM) at 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A), 5-HT1C, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2, dopamine2, alpha1- and alpha2-adrenergic binding sites. DHE displays moderate affinity (i.e. affinity values = 100 - 1000 nM) for beta-adrenergic and dopamine1 sites and is completely inactive at 5-HT3, muscarinic and benzodiazepine receptors. These results were then compared to similar data on sumatriptan (formerly called GR 43175), a novel acute anti-migraine agent. The only pharmacological property shared by both agents is high affinity for 5-HT1D and 5-HT1A receptors. Therefore, these data suggest that 5-HT1D and/or 5-HT1A receptors may play an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine.