gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Area-Efficient Min-Sum Decoder Design for High-Rate Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check Codes in Magnetic Recording (2007)

We report a silicon area efficient method for designing a quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) code decoder. Our design method is geared to magnetic recording that demands high code rate and very high decoding throughput under stringent silicon cost constraints. The key to designing the decoder is to transform the conventional formulation of the min-sum decoding algorithm in such a way that we can readily develop a hardware architecture with several desirable features: 1) silicon area saving potential inherent in the min-sum algorithm for high-rate codes can be fully exploited; 2) the decoder circuit critical path may be greatly reduced; and 3) check node processing and variable node processing can operate concurrently. For the purpose of demonstration, we designed application-specific integrated circuit decoders for four rate-8/9 regular-(4, 36) QC-LDPC codes that contain 512-byte, 1024-byte, 2048-byte, and 4096-byte user data per codeword, respectively. Synthesis results show that our design method can meet the beyond-2 Gb/s throughput requirement in future magnetic recording at minimal silicon area cost.
Suppression of reperfusion‐induced arrhythmias with combined administration of 5‐HT2 and thromboxane A2 antagonists (1996)

1. The effects of the 5-HT2 antagonist, ICI 170,809 and the thromboxane A2 antagonist, ICI 192,605, given alone and in combination (n = 12 per group), were examined in anaesthetized rats. Haemodynamics and arrhythmias induced by permanent coronary artery occlusion or by reperfusion after 5 min of ischaemia were monitored. 2. In a study on reperfusion-induced arrhythmias, the only significant effect of ICI 170,809 (1 mg kg-1, i.v.) was a reduction in the number of ventricular premature beats (VPBs). ICI 192,605 (1 mg kg-1 min-1, i.v.) did not alter reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. However, in combination, when compared with controls, these drugs caused significant reductions in the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT), 100% to 58%; ventricular fibrillation (VF), 92% to 33%; and the mortality due to sustained VF, 67% to 17%. There was also a significant reduction in the number of VPBs following reperfusion. 3. In a second study with lower doses of drugs, ICI 170,809 (0.3 mg kg-1) and ICI 192,605 (0.3 mg kg-1 min-1) had no significant effects on reperfusion-induced arrhythmias either alone or in combination. 4. A third study examined the effects of the higher doses of the drugs on ischaemia-induced arrhythmias. Neither drug alone, nor in combination, altered the incidence of ischaemia-induced VT, VF, the mortality, or the number of VPBs. 5. These results indicate that, in contrast to the administration of either drug alone, combined administration of a 5-HT2 antagonist and a thromboxane A2 antagonist caused marked suppression of reperfusion-induced but not ischaemia-induced arrhythmias.
Ferrite particles: a new magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. Lack of acute or chronic hepatotoxicity after intravenous administration. (1987)

Intravenous administration of ferrite particles may be useful as contrast agents for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the liver. We studied several sensitive biochemical parameters of hepatocellular function and toxicity in rats after intravenous ferrite injections to determine whether there was any evidence of iron-induced hepatotoxicity. Light microscopy and iron determinations were performed on the liver, spleen, lung, and kidney. Forty-eight hours after a massive (250 mg iron per kilogram) ferrite injection, liver, spleen, and lung nonheme iron concentrations were markedly increased. Microscopy showed this iron to be entirely in reticuloendothelial cells. Despite the large increase in hepatic iron concentration, we found no evidence of hepatic mitochondrial or microsomal lipid peroxidation or organelle dysfunction, sensitive biochemical indicators of iron-induced hepatocellular injury. At 10 to 11 weeks after administration of ferrite in smaller doses (30 mg iron per kilogram), results of all biochemical and morphologic studies were normal. Furthermore, quantitative iron determinations and microscopic studies suggest that ferrite particles may be partially degraded and that iron is cleared from the liver during a 3-month period. Because ferrite particles are taken up by reticuloendothelial cells, hepatocellular function is not impaired and iron-induced hepatocellular injury does not occur.
Role of endogenous platelet-derived growth factor in arterial smooth muscle cell migration after balloon catheter injury. (1993)

The process of intimal thickening after de-endothelializing injury to the rat carotid artery is dependent on the migration of smooth muscle cells from the media. Recent reports have suggested that platelet-derived growth factor may be an important mediator of migration after injury. We have addressed this issue by directly determining smooth muscle cell migration in injured arteries of animals depleted of platelets and after administration of an antibody that blocks platelet-derived growth factor. Because there is a reported association between plasminogen activator synthesis and smooth muscle cell migration, we assayed the activity levels of plasminogen activators after arterial injury and also assessed the effect of a plasmin inhibitor on migration. The data suggest that platelet-derived growth factor, released by platelets at sites of arterial injury, is an endogenous mediator of smooth muscle cell migration; that plasmin generation, catalyzed by tissue-type plasminogen activator, is necessary for migration; and that one way in which platelet-derived growth factor may act is by stimulation of the synthesis of tissue-type plasminogen activator by smooth muscle cells.
Vggsound: A Large-Scale Audio-Visual Dataset (2020)

Our goal is to collect a large-scale audio-visual dataset with low label noise from videos `in the wild' using computer vision techniques. The resulting dataset can be used for training and evaluating audio recognition models. We make three contributions. First, we propose a scalable pipeline based on computer vision techniques to create an audio dataset from open-source media. Our pipeline involves obtaining videos from YouTube; using image classification algorithms to localize audio-visual correspondence; and filtering out ambient noise using audio verification. Second, we use this pipeline to curate the VGGSound dataset consisting of more than 200k videos for 300 audio classes. Third, we investigate various Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures and aggregation approaches to establish audio recognition baselines for our new dataset. Compared to existing audio datasets, VGGSound ensures audio-visual correspondence and is collected under unconstrained conditions. Code and the dataset are available at http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/data/vggsound/.
Polymer Therapeutics: Concepts and Applications (2006)

Polymer therapeutics encompass polymer-protein conjugates, drug-polymer conjugates, and supramolecular drug-delivery systems. Numerous polymer-protein conjugates with improved stability and pharmacokinetic properties have been developed, for example, by anchoring enzymes or biologically relevant proteins to polyethylene glycol components (PEGylation). Several polymer-protein conjugates have received market approval, for example the PEGylated form of adenosine deaminase. Coupling low-molecular-weight anticancer drugs to high-molecular-weight polymers through a cleavable linker is an effective method for improving the therapeutic index of clinically established agents, and the first candidates have been evaluated in clinical trials, including, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide conjugates of doxorubicin, camptothecin, paclitaxel, and platinum(II) complexes. Another class of polymer therapeutics are drug-delivery systems based on well-defined multivalent and dendritic polymers. These include polyanionic polymers for the inhibition of virus attachment, polycationic complexes with DNA or RNA (polyplexes), and dendritic core-shell architectures for the encapsulation of drugs. In this Review an overview of polymer therapeutics is presented with a focus on concepts and examples that characterize the salient features of the drug-delivery systems.
Pyridazines, 71. A Novel Type of 1,2-Diazine Æ 1,2-Diazole Ring Contraction (1994)

Reaction of the 3.6-dichloro-4-pyridazinecarboxamide derivative (2) with sodium hydride in dimethylformamide does not afford a pyridazino[3,4-b]-[l.S]benzodiazepine system (3) but results in a ring transformation to give the quinoxalinyl-substituted pyrazole derivative (4) The structure o f this unexpected reaction product could be elucidated by means o f a crystal structure determination, a mechanistic interpretation of this novel type o f a pyridazine + pyrazole ring contraction is proposed In the course o f our ongoing studies aimed at the synthesis of so far not accessible pyridazine-containing bi-and tricyclic ring systems of potential pharmaceutical relevance2 the 6.1 I-dihydropyridazino[3,4-b][l,S]benzodiazepin-5-one system became an object o f interest.I n view o f the reported smooth cyclisation of 2-chloronicotinic acid chloride with o-phenylenediamine derivatives yielding pyrido[2,3-h][l,5]benzodiazepinones.)N-(2aminophenyl)-3.6-dichloro-4-pyridazinecarboxamide(2) was considered as an appropriate precursor for the desired tricyclic system (3) Compound (2) could be prepared conveniently by reaction o f 3.6-dichloro-4pyridazinecarboxylic acid chloride (l)4 with an excess o f o-phenylenediamine 5 Treatment of 2 with sodium hydride in dimethylformamide for 10 minutes at 100 O C followed by work-up under acidic conditions indeed gave a product (4) with the expected elemental composition CIIH,N40CI in >80%
A new linear ion trap time‐of‐flight system with tandem mass spectrometry capabilities (1998)

A new hybrid linear ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer has been constructed and the first results for tandem-in-time MS/MS in a 2-dimensional Paul trap are presented. The instrument consists of an electrospray ionization source and two radio frequency (RF) only quadrupoles operating at a pressure of 7 mTorr N2 which are coupled orthogonally to a linear TOFMS. Ions are trapped in an RF-only quadrupole through the application of timed stopping potentials on the entrance and exit apertures. Through the coupling of an auxiliary waveform generator on one pair of the ion trap rods a small dipolar excitation voltage is superimposed on the quadrupolar electric field. This voltage is used for precursor isolation via broadband excitation and collision induced dissociation through mass selective resonant excitation. Instrumental performance and choice of operating parameters are demonstrated by recording fragment spectra for +3 ions of renin substrate and +1 ions of reserpine. TOFMS mass resolution (m/Δm)FWHM is as high as 740 at m/z = 609. Fragmentation efficiency is greater than 50% and excitation mass resolution is 60–75. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late Onset of Cholesterol Crystal Embolism after Thrombolysis for Cerebral Infarction (2010)

A 73-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of bilateral foot pain. He was treated with thrombolysis for cerebral infarction about 5 months ago. Anticoagulants had not been used because of hemorrhagic infarction. The pulses of bilateral pedal arteries were palpable, but cyanosis was present in the bilateral toes. Laboratory data indicated azotemia and eosinophilia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple plaques of the thoracic and abdominal aorta, one of which was ulcerated. Skin biopsy proved the diagnosis of cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE). Because no invasive vascular procedure was performed, we assumed that CCE in this patient was related to thrombolysis. We should be cautious for late onset of CCE after thrombolysis.
Adult neurogenesis produces a large pool of new granule cells in the dentate gyrus (2001)

Knowing the rate of addition of new granule cells to the adult dentate gyrus is critical to understanding the function of adult neurogenesis. Despite the large number of studies of neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus, basic questions about the magnitude of this phenomenon have never been addressed. The S-phase marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) has been extensively used in recent studies of adult neurogenesis, but it has been carefully tested only in the embryonic brain. Here, we show that a high dose of BrdU (300 mg/kg) is a specific, quantitative, and nontoxic marker of dividing cells in the adult rat dentate gyrus, whereas lower doses label only a fraction of the S-phase cells. By using this high dose of BrdU along with a second S-phase marker, [(3)H]thymidine, we found that young adult rats have 9,400 dividing cells proliferating with a cell cycle time of 25 hours, which would generate 9,000 new cells each day, or more than 250,000 per month. Within 5-12 days of BrdU injection, a substantial pool of immature granule neurons, 50% of all BrdU-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus, could be identified with neuron-specific antibodies TuJ1 and TUC-4. This number of new granule neurons generated each month is 6% of the total size of the granule cell population and 30-60% of the size of the afferent and efferent populations (West et al. [1991] Anat Rec 231:482-497; Mulders et al. [1997] J Comp Neurol 385:83-94). The large number of the adult-generated granule cells supports the idea that these new neurons play an important role in hippocampal function.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of technetium-99m MAG3 as a hippuran replacement. (1986)

A new technetium-chelating agent based on a triamide monomercaptide tetradentate set of donor groups, mercaptoacetylglycylglycylglycine (MAG3), was synthesized and evaluated. Chelation with 99mTc resulted in a single radiochemical product as expected. Studies in mice of [99mTc]MAG3 indicated excretion rates faster than omicron-iodohippurate (OIH) both in normal and in probenecid treated animals. Specificity for renal excretion was essentially complete. Clearance studies in rats resulted in 2.84 ml/min/100 g for [99mTc]MAG3, 2.17 for OIH, and 1.29 for [125I]iothalamate. Extraction efficiencies were 85% for [99mTc]MAG3, 69% for OIH and 39% for [125I]iothalamate. Probenicid depressed the clearance both of [99mTc]MAG3 and OIH at 25 and 50 mg/kg/hr, but to a greater extent with [99mTc]MAG3. The greater effect is offset, however, by the larger fraction secreted by the renal tubular cells. The animal results suggest that [99mTc]MAG3 may be a useful alternative to [131I]OIH.
Paper spray: a simple and efficient means of analysis of different contaminants in foodstuffs (2012)

A simple and efficient ambient ionization method based on paper spray combined with tandem mass spectrometry allows rapid detection and quantitation of various contaminants (clenbuterol, melamine, plasticizer and sudan red) in various foodstuffs (e.g., meat, milk, sports drinks and chili powder).
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment protects rodents against lipopolysaccharide-induced toxicity via suppression of systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (1992)

Pretreatment with recombinant human granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) protected mice in two different models of septic shock. Intravenous injection of 250 micrograms/kg G-CSF to mice prevented lethality induced by 5 mg/kg LPS. Injection of 50 micrograms/kg G-CSF protected galactosamine-sensitized mice against LPS-induced hepatitis. In either case, this protection was accompanied by a suppression of LPS-induced serum TNF activity. In contrast, when galactosamine-sensitized mice were pretreated with 50 micrograms/kg murine recombinant granulocyte/macrophage CSF instead of G-CSF and subsequently challenged with LPS, serum TNF activity was significantly enhanced and mortality was increased. The suppressive effect of G-CSF on LPS-induced TNF production was also demonstrated in rats. In vivo, no TNF was detectable in the blood of LPS-treated rats, which had been pretreated with G-CSF. Ex vivo, alveolar macrophages, bone marrow macrophages, Kupffer cells, or peritoneal macrophages prepared from G-CSF-treated rats produced significantly less TNF upon stimulation with LPS than corresponding populations from control rats. However, when these macrophage populations were incubated with G-CSF in vitro, LPS-induced TNF production was unaffected. These data suggest that the G-CSF-mediated suppression of TNF production is not a direct effect of G-CSF on macrophages. To examine whether, independent of the protection against LPS, G-CSF treatment still activated neutrophils, it was demonstrated that granulocytes from G-CSF-treated rats were primed for PMA-induced oxidative burst and for ionophore/arachidonic acid-stimulated lipoxygenase product formation. The experiments of this study support the notion that G-CSF is a negative feedback signal for macrophage-derived TNF-alpha production during Gram-negative sepsis.
Epratuzumab in the therapy of oncological and immunological diseases (2006)

B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of certain lymphomas and leukemias, as well as many autoimmune diseases. Antagonistic B-cell antibodies are thus gaining an increasing role in the management of these diseases. The first antibody target in this regard was CD20, with the development and introduction of rituximab in the management of B-cell malignancies, as well as rheumatoid arthritis. A second candidate target is CD22. The first antagonistic antibody to this B-cell marker, epratuzumab, appears to function, in contrast to CD20 antibodies, more by modulation of B cells rather than by their high depletion in circulation. Originally developed for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, epratuzumab has now been found to be effective, with a very good safety profile, in two prototype autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren's syndrome. Recent studies have demonstrated the activity and safety of epratuzumab in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients who have relapsed or are refractive to conventional therapy, including rituximab, and has also shown good activity in follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in combination with rituximab. As such, this new investigative antibody may have a significant market potential owing to the multitude of diseases and patients who may benefit from a CD22, B-cell antibody immunotherapy that is complementary to the known effects and role of CD20 antibodies, but can usually be administered within 1 h and depletes approximately 50% of circulating B cells.
Three-dimensional micro flow manifolds for miniaturized chemical analysis systems (1994)

SAMLAB
Histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (Vorinostat, SAHA) profoundly inhibits the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells (2007)

Tumor suppressor genes are often silenced in human cancer; this can occur by transcriptional repression by deacetylation in the promoter regions, mediated by histone deacetylase (HDAC). HDAC inhibitors can block cancer cell growth by restoring expression of tumor suppressor genes. In this study, we investigated the effects of a HDAC inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on pancreatic cancer cells. SAHA inhibited the growth of 6 pancreatic cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner as measured by MTT and clonogenic assays (ED(50) approximately 10(-6) M) associated with induction of apoptosis, G2 cell cycle arrest and also induced differentiation as indicated by morphology and increased expression of cytokeratin 7. It increased expression of p21(WAF1) (independent of the mutational status of p53), C/EBPalpha, RARalpha and E-cadherin; these genes have been associated with decreased proliferation in other cancers. SAHA decreased cyclin B1 expression; this cyclin normally promotes progression through G2 of the cell cycle. SAHA mediated acetylation of histone H3 globally, as well as, associated with the p21(WAF1) promoter, as measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation. SAHA also decreased levels of c-myc and cyclin D1, independent of an active beta-catenin pathway. In further studies, the combination of SAHA and an inhibitor of DNA methylation, 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, had an enhanced antiproliferative effect on pancreatic cancer cells. In summary, SAHA inhibited the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, differentiation and cell cycle arrest, as well as increase in the expression of several tumor suppressor genes. SAHA is a novel, promising therapeutic agent for human pancreatic cancers.
Interference-free broadband single- and multicarrier DS-CDMA (2005)

The choice of the direct sequence spreading code in DS-CDMA predetermines the properties of the system. This contribution demonstrates that the family of codes exhibiting an interference-free window (IFW) outperforms classic spreading codes, provided that the interfering multi-user and multipath components arrive within this IFW, which may be ensured with the aid of quasi-synchronous adaptive timing advance control. It is demonstrated that the IFW duration may be extended with the advent of multicarrier DS-CDMA proportionately to the number of subcarriers. Hence, the resultant MC DS-CDMA system is capable of exhibiting near-single-user performance without employing a multi-user detector. A limitation of the system is that the number of spreading codes exhibiting a certain IFW is limited, although this problem may be mitigated with the aid of novel code design principles
Power Shift: Australia's Future between Washington and Beijing (2010)

There is a problem with Australia's vision of its future. On the one hand, we assume that China will just keep growing indefinitely, buying more and more from our miners at higher and higher prices. On the other hand, we expect America to remain the strongest power in Asia, the region's natural leader and Australia's ultimate protector. We will have a very nice future if both these things happen. The problem is that they cannot both happen at once. If China grows fast enough to keep our economy buoyant, it will overtake America to become the richest country in the world sometime around 2030. That will make it too strong to live under American leadership in Asia. It will look to lead in its own right, and challenge America's position. I do not believe that Australia should abandon the aim of being a middle power in the Asian century before we have understood better what it would cost to achieve it, and what it would cost to let it go. Nor should we resign ourselves to sleepwalking into a role of timid automatism in an uncertain, contested Asia until we have done much more to understand how our region can remain peaceful and stable, and how we can help to bring that about. First, we need to accept that if China keeps growing, and it probably will, Asia will change. For Australia, foreign affairs and defence policy are getting serious again.
Lossless image compression using integer to integer wavelet transforms (2002)

Invertible wavelet transforms that map integers to integers are important for lossless representations. We present an approach to build integer to integer wavelet transforms based upon the idea of factoring wavelet transforms into lifting steps. This allows the construction of an integer version of every wavelet transform. We demonstrate the use of these transforms in lossless image compression.
New serological markers in inflammatory bowel disease are associated with complicated disease behaviour (2007)

Using this new panel of serological markers, the number and magnitude of immune responses to different microbial antigens were shown to be associated with the severity of the disease. With regard to the predictive role of serological markers, further prospective longitudinal studies are necessary.