gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Deficiency Increases the Ability of Stromal Cells to Support Murine Osteoclastogenesis via an Interleukin-1and Tumor Necrosis Factor-mediated Stimulation of Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor Production (1996)

To analyze how estrogen blocks osteoclastogenesis, we investigated the effects of ovariectomy on osteoclast (OC) formation in co-cultures of purified OC precursors and purified stromal cells (SC). OC formation was higher in co-cultures containing SC from ovariectomized mice than in those containing SC from sham-operated mice, thus suggesting that estrogen regulates osteoclastogenesis by targeting SC. Ovariectomy also increased the mononuclear cell secretion of interleukin (IL)-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the SC production of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF). Osteoclastogenesis and SC production of M-CSF were not blocked by in vitro estrogen treatment but were decreased by in vivo treatment of donor mice with either estrogen or a combination of the IL-1 inhibitor, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and the TNF inhibitor, TNF binding protein. IL-1 and TNF production were also blocked by in vivo estrogen treatment, demonstrating that the increased bone marrow levels of IL-1 and TNF characteristic of ovariectomized mice induce the formation of a SC population characterized by a high production of M-CSF and increased pro-osteoclastogenic activity. Since in co-cultures of SC and OC precursors M-CSF levels correlated with OC production (r = 0.7, p < 0.0001), the data also indicate that the pro-osteoclastogenic activity of SC is proportional to their secretion of M-CSF. The ability of estrogen to decrease SC production of M-CSF and the pro-osteoclastogenic activity of these cells by regulating IL-1 and TNF production is a previously undescribed mechanism by which estrogen down-regulates osteoclastogenesis.
EXTH-34. COMBINED USE OF THE PAN-IDH MUTANT INHIBITOR AG-881 WITH RADIATION THERAPY SHOWS ADDED BENEFIT IN AN ORTHOTOPIC IDH1 MUTANT GLIOMA MODEL IN VIVO (2017)

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 occur in >70% of diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGG). IDH1/2 mutations result in accumulation of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which facilitates tumorigenesis through DNA hypermethylation, increased repressive histone methylation, and inhibition of differentiation processes. Prior studies with an early tool compound, AGI-5198, which is active against mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) but not mutant IDH2 (mIDH2), suggest that inhibition of mIDH1 proteins can repress growth of mIDH1-driven gliomas. Furthermore, recent in vitro studies using AGI-5198 in mIDH1 glioma models have suggested that inhibition of mIDH1 proteins may be antagonistic to the LGG standard of care treatment of radiation + temozolomide (DNA alkylating agent). AG-881, a novel, potent, clinical stage inhibitor of both the mIDH1 and mIDH2 proteins was tested in subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse xenograft models of a human mIDH1-R132H grade III oligodendroglioma alone or in combination with either radiation or temozolomide. AG-881 treatment was well tolerated and the pharmacokinetic properties of AG-881 allowed for oral administration, which resulted in >98% inhibition of 2-HG production by mIDH1 tumors in the brain. We demonstrated that mIDH1 inhibition with AG-881 impedes glioma growth in vivo. The combination of AG-881 + radiation therapy produced a significantly greater effect on tumor growth inhibition when compared with each single-modality treatment alone. This combined-modality treatment benefit was observed both in mice given concomitant AG-881 + radiation therapy and mice treated sequentially with radiation therapy followed by AG-881 treatment. No antagonism with temozolomide or radiation therapy was observed in these in vivo models. Studies in preclinical models to further understand the distinct differences between results with AG-881 and AGI-5198 are ongoing. Taken together, these data support the further investigation of mIDH1 inhibition in combination with radiation in the clinic.
Data bases in digital libraries (1998)

Article Data bases in digital libraries: where computer science and information management meet Share on Author: Judith Klavans Center for Research on Information Access, Columbia University, New York, NY Center for Research on Information Access, Columbia University, New York, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims PODS '98: Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systemsMay 1998 Pages 224–226https://doi.org/10.1145/275487.275513Online:01 May 1998Publication History 2citation245DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads245Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Cancer vaccines (1997)

A better understanding of immune recognition of cells has led to identification of potential new targets on tumor cells. Noticeable successes in melanoma have been immunization with the GM2 ganglioside vaccine, and the identification of novel antigens such as MAGE, BAGE and GAGE recognized by T cells cloned from cancer patients with regressing disease. However, the unexpected finding that other antigens recognized by these T cells were overexpressed normal differentiation antigens such as tyrosinase. Pmel 17 and Melan A have led to vaccines developed against differentiation antigens expressed in other solid tumors. Monoclonal antibody, anti-idiotype and antigen based vaccines for colorectal target antigens 17-1A, CEA and 791Tgp72 are all in clinical development. Similarly HER2/neu and mucin overexpression in breast cancer represent promising targets. Mutations in tumor oncogenes or suppressor genes which lead to malignant transformation can also present tumor-specific antigens. The most effective vaccines against infectious disease are live viruses. The development of DNA vaccines which act like viruses in entering cells and show continuous production of antigens offers great potential for the future.
Dimensional Scaling of Cylinders in Thin Films of Block Copolymer−Homopolymer Ternary Blends (2009)

The cylindrical domain diameter (d), spacing (D), and uniformity in thin films of ternary blends of a cylinder-forming polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymer and the corresponding homopolymers were investigated as a function of the molecular weight (Mn) and concentration (φH) of the homopolymers. Thin films (20−65 nm) of the blends were deposited on silicon wafers that had been modified with random copolymer brushes such that the cylindrical domains of the annealed blends were oriented perpendicular to the substrate. The best uniformity of d, at a given φH, was achieved in the blends with lower homopolymer Mns. For blends made with homopolymers that had Mn values of the same order of magnitude as those of the corresponding blocks of the copolymer, D increased with increasing φH as D = D0(1 − φH)−β, where D0 is the domain spacing of the block copolymer and β is a parameter that depends on the ratio of the homopolymer and block copolymer molecular weights. The cylindrical domains of the blends could be swollen up to 150% of the original diameter while maintaining hexagonal ordering. For most of the blends on the random copolymer brushes, uniform arrays of perpendicular cylinders were formed most frequently at a film thickness near D0. A ternary blend with homopolymers with very low Mns produced markedly different results: D decreased in size with increasing φH, measurable up to φH = 0.4, and produced uniform patterns in films with thicknesses ranging from 20 to 37 nm.
Enzyme-directed bioreductive drug development revisited: a commentary on recent progress and future prospects with emphasis on quinone anticancer agents and quinone metabolizing enzymes, particularly DT-diaphorase. (1994)

The enzyme-directed approach to bioreductive drug development is designed to take advantage of the fact that the selectivity of bioreductive anticancer agents can be governed not only by the well-established difference in oxygen content of tumour vs. normal tissues, but also by the level of expression of enzymes catalyzing the reductive activation process. This can add value to bioreductive drug development in two ways. First, by using enzyme profiling to help guide the selection of patients most likely to respond to a particular bioreductive agent. And second, to aid the discovery of new and improved bioreductive drugs by optimising structure to suit the catalytic preferences of a given reductase enzyme. In this commentary, recent progress in the area of enzyme-directed bioreductive drug development is reviewed with emphasis on quinone anticancer agents and quinone reducing enzymes, particularly DT-diaphorase, which is often hyperexpressed in cancer tissue. The enzyme-directed approach has led to the development of the indoloquinone EO9, which is now in early clinical trials, and the diaziridinyl-benzoquinone methyl-DZQ, which has been selected very recently for clinical development. The complex interplay of the levels of oxygen and of DT-diaphorase governs the effectiveness of these agents and other quinones such as mitomycin C. A model is proposed to account for the behaviour observed. Advantages and disadvantages of the enzyme-directed bioreductive approach are summarised and future prospects are critically assessed.
Evaluation of selected natural and synthetic products as house fly repellents (1982)

Abstract Twenty natural and synthetic substances, known or reported to be repellent to insects, were evaluated for repellency to adult house flies, Musca domestica L., by a new laboratory test method. Fourteen materials completely repelled the flies during a 30‐min test period. The most active material was 2‐phenylethanol.
1-Alkylation of 4,5-Dicyanoimidazole by Ortho Esters (1991)

Reexamination of the reaction of ortho esters with diaminomaleonitrile (1) or 4,5-dicyanoimidazole (3a) revealed that 1-alkyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazoles 4a-f can be obtained in high yield in a one-pot procedure without any additional reagent. This simple procedure is economically competitive with other known methods. Several products previously reported for similar reactions have been shown to be the imidates of diaminomaleonitrile, 2b and 7.
A Novel Stem Cell Source for Vasculogenesis in Ischemia: Subfraction of Side Population Cells from Dental Pulp (2008)

Cell therapy with stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to stimulate vasculogenesis as a potential treatment for ischemic disease is an exciting area of research in regenerative medicine. EPCs are present in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and adipose tissue. Autologous EPCs, however, are obtained by invasive biopsy, a potentially painful procedure. An alternative approach is proposed in this investigation. Permanent and deciduous pulp tissue is easily available from teeth after extraction without ethical issues and has potential for clinical use. We isolated a highly vasculogenic subfraction of side population (SP) cells based on CD31 and CD146, from dental pulp. The CD31(-);CD146(-) SP cells, demonstrating CD34+ and vascular endothelial growth factor-2 (VEGFR2)/Flk1+, were similar to EPCs. These cells were distinct from the hematopoietic lineage as CD11b, CD14, and CD45 mRNA were not expressed. They showed high proliferation and migration activities and multilineage differentiation potential including vasculogenic potential. In models of mouse hind limb ischemia, local transplantation of this subfraction of SP cells resulted in successful engraftment and an increase in the blood flow including high density of capillary formation. The transplanted cells were in proximity of the newly formed vasculature and expressed several proangiogenic factors, such as VEGF-A, G-CSF, GM-CSF, and MMP3. Conditioned medium from this subfraction showed the mitogenic and antiapoptotic activity on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In conclusion, subfraction of SP cells from dental pulp is a new stem cell source for cell-based therapy to stimulate angiogenesis/vasculogenesis during tissue regeneration.
Signaling pathways during maintenance and definitive endoderm differentiation of embryonic stem cells (2013)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to be used as unlimited resources for tissue replacement therapy, thereby compensating for organ donor shortage. To reach this goal, the molecular principles governing early differentiation events in the developing embryo need to be addressed, understood and properly implemented in vitro. Studies carried out in several vertebrate models have established that Nodal/Activin A, BMP, WNT and FGF signaling pathways regulate early embryo development and that these pathways are similarly used during germ layer formation by cultured ESCs. However, differences have also been identified in the way these pathways function or interact in mouse vs. human ESCs, making it sometimes difficult to extrapolate findings from one system to the other. In this review, we discuss and compare the role of the relevant signaling pathways and their crosstalk during undifferentiated growth and during the endoderm differentiation of mouse and human ESCs.
Thermodynamics and kinetics of grafting end-functionalized polymers to an interface (1990)

We present a theoretical study of the thermodynamics and of the kinetics of grafting end-functionalized polymers to an interface. The equilibrium surface coverage and thickness of the grafted layer are predicted as a function of molecular parameters such as the molecular weight of the chains, the solution concentration and the energy gained by adsorbing the terminal group. We show that there are two successive regimes in the kinetics of adsorption. The first one (short time) is governed by the Brownian diffusion of the chains in the solution, the second regime (long time) by the activation barrier, which appears as soon as the adsorbed chains begin to overlap strongly and to stretch. The characteristic construction time depends exponentially on the chemical affinity of the end group and on the surface. The desorption time of a brush put in contact with the pure solvent is also calculated. The desorption time is always longer than the construction time.
Preparation of Nano-NiO Particles and Evaluation of Their Catalytic Activity in Pyrolyzing Biomass Components (2007)

This study focuses on the preparation of nano-NiO particles and their applications as catalysts in biomass pyrolysis. First, nano-NiO particles were prepared via precursors, which were obtained by homogeneous precipitation involving an aqueous solution of nickel nitrate hexahydrate and urea. Different approaches such as TGA, FTIR, XRD, BET, and TEM were used to characterize the precursors and nano-NiO particles. The formula of the precursor was identified as NiCO3·2Ni(OH)2·nH2O, and it could completely translate into NiO nanoparticles below 360 °C under an air atmosphere. The prepared nano-NiO particles were found to be spherical in shape and well dispersed with weak agglomeration. They had generally a high purity and fine crystal phase of cubic syngony with a mean size of ∼7.5 nm and specific surface area of 188.0 m2/g. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of nano-NiO particles in pyrolyzing three biomass components (cellulose, xylan, and lignin) was preliminarily investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer, and the results were compared with those of micro-NiO particles under the same conditions. With the presence of a catalyst, the weight loss of three biomass components mainly occurred at relatively lower temperature, with the final yield of residues and the activation energy of biomass pyrolysis being reduced markedly. Nano-NiO particles demonstrated a more effective catalytic effect in biomass pyrolysis over micro-NiO particles. The pathway of biomass pyrolysis in the presence of catalyst was briefly discussed.
Annotated Gigaword (2012)

We have created layers of annotation on the English Gigaword v.5 corpus to render it useful as a standardized corpus for knowledge extraction and distributional semantics. Most existing large-scale work is based on inconsistent corpora which often have needed to be re-annotated by research teams independently, each time introducing biases that manifest as results that are only comparable at a high level. We provide to the community a public reference set based on current state-of-the-art syntactic analysis and coreference resolution, along with an interface for programmatic access. Our goal is to enable broader involvement in large-scale knowledge-acquisition efforts by researchers that otherwise may not have had the ability to produce such a resource on their own.
Crystal structure of the catalytic core domain of the family 6 cellobiohydrolase II, Cel6A, from Humicola insolens, at 1.92 Å resolution (1999)

The three-dimensional structure of the catalytic core of the family 6 cellobiohydrolase II, Cel6A (CBH II), from Humicola insolens has been determined by X-ray crystallography at a resolution of 1.92 A. The structure was solved by molecular replacement using the homologous Trichoderma reesei CBH II as a search model. The H. insolens enzyme displays a high degree of structural similarity with its T. reesei equivalent. The structure features both O- (alpha-linked mannose) and N-linked glycosylation and a hexa-co-ordinate Mg2+ ion. The active-site residues are located within the enclosed tunnel that is typical for cellobiohydrolase enzymes and which may permit a processive hydrolysis of the cellulose substrate. The close structural similarity between the two enzymes implies that kinetics and chain-end specificity experiments performed on the H. insolens enzyme are likely to be applicable to the homologous T. reesei enzyme. These cast doubt on the description of cellobiohydrolases as exo-enzymes since they demonstrated that Cel6A (CBH II) shows no requirement for non-reducing chain-ends, as had been presumed. There is no crystallographic evidence in the present structure to support a mechanism involving loop opening, yet preliminary modelling experiments suggest that the active-site tunnel of Cel6A (CBH II) is too narrow to permit entry of a fluorescenyl-derivatized substrate, known to be a viable substrate for this enzyme.
Increasing the permeability of Escherichia coli using MAC13243 (2017)

The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is a permeability barrier that prevents the efficient uptake of molecules with large scaffolds. As a consequence, a number of antibiotic classes are ineffective against gram-negative strains. Herein we carried out a high throughput screen for small molecules that make the outer membrane of Escherichia coli more permeable. We identified MAC13243, an inhibitor of the periplasmic chaperone LolA that traffics lipoproteins from the inner to the outer membrane. We observed that cells were (1) more permeable to the fluorescent probe 1-N-phenylnapthylamine, and (2) more susceptible to large-scaffold antibiotics when sub-inhibitory concentrations of MAC13243 were used. To exclude the possibility that the permeability was caused by an off-target effect, we genetically reconstructed the MAC13243-phenotype by depleting LolA levels using the CRISPRi system.
Compiler and runtime support for irregularly coupled regular meshes (1992)

Regular meshes are frequently used for modeling physical phenomena on both serial and parallel computers. One advantage of regular meshes is that efficient discretization schemes can be implemented in a straightforward manner. However, geometrically-complex objects, such as aircraft, cannot be easily described using a single regular mesh. Multiple interacting regular meshes are frequently used to describe complex geometries. Each mesh models a subregion of the physical domain. The meshes, or subdomains, can be processed in parallel, with periodic updates carried out to move information between the coupled meshes. In many cases, there are a relatively small number (one to a few dozen) subdomains, so that each subdomain may also be partitioned among several processors.
Regression of Carotid Atherosclerosis by Control of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2004)

Reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients is associated with CIMT regression.
Friend spleen focus-forming virus glycoprotein gp55 interacts with the erythropoietin receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum and affects receptor metabolism. (1990)

The Friend spleen focus-forming virus envelope glycoprotein, gp55, binds to the murine erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) and triggers growth activation in the absence of EPO. Interleukin 3-dependent lymphoid cell lines that have been stably transfected with the EPO-R cDNA grow in the presence of EPO or interleukin 3. In these cells, the EPO-R is synthesized as a minor 62-kDa unglycosylated form and a major 64-kDa form carrying one high-mannose N-linked oligosaccharide. A fraction of the 64-kDa form is processed to a 66-kDa species with complex-type sugars. Very little of the EPO-R is expressed on the cell surface and all three forms of EPO-R are degraded rapidly. Cells transfected with both EPO-R and gp55 cDNAs grow in the absence of EPO. Most of the EPO-R associated with gp55 is endoglycosidase H-sensitive, suggesting that the interactions between these proteins occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, the endoglycosidase H-sensitive EPO-R is more stable than in the absence of gp55, a result suggesting that interaction of gp55 with the EPO-R causes it to remain within the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is possible that gp55 EPO-R complexes within this compartment send a growth-promoting signal to the cell.
Reconstruction of nonuniformly sampled bandlimited signals by means of digital fractional delay filters (2002)

This paper considers the problem of reconstructing a class of nonuniformly sampled bandlimited signals of which a special case occurs in, e.g., time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (ADC) systems due to time-skew errors. To this end, we propose a synthesis system composed or digital fractional delay filters. The overall system (i.e., nonuniform sampling and the proposed synthesis system) can be viewed as a generalization of time-interleaved ADC systems to which the former reduces as a special case. Compared with existing reconstruction techniques, our method has major advantages from an implementation point of view. To be precise, (1) we can perform the reconstruction as well as desired (in a certain sense) by properly designing the digital fractional delay filters, and (2) if properly implemented, the fractional delay filters need not be redesigned in case the time skews are changed. The price to pay for these attractive features is that we need to use a slight oversampling. It should be stressed, however, that the oversampling factor is less than two as compared with the Nyquist rate. The paper includes error and quantization noise analysis. The former is useful in the analysis of the quantization noise and when designing practical fractional delay filters approximating the ideal filters.