gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A bisubstrate reaction template (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA bisubstrate reaction templateT. Ross Kelly, Chen Zhao, and Gary J. BridgerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 10, 3744–3745Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00192a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00192a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views993Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Elevated expression of cd80 (b7/bb1) and other accessory molecules on synovial fluid mononuclear cell subsets in rheumatoid arthritis (1994)

This is the first demonstration that specific cell subsets constitutively express increased levels of CD80 at a site of autoimmune pathology, which could potentially contribute to the initiation or maintenance of autoimmune disease.
“Riesgo y Precaución”: CASADO, María y BUXÓ, Mª Jesús (coords.). Riesgo y precaución. Ed. Residència d’Investigadors CSIC-Generalitat de Catalunya. Barcelona, 2005 (2005)

a otra obra de los contenidos sin el permiso escrito de los titulares del copyright.
Handbook of Radiopharmaceuticals (2002)

Contributors. Preface. Production of Radionuclides in Accelerators (D. Schlyer). Accelerators Available for Isotope Production (T. Ruth). Reactor Production of Radionuclides (L. Mausner and S. Mirzadeh). Chemistry of Nitrogen-13 and Oxygen-15 (J. Clark and F. Aigbirhio). Aspects on the Synthesis of 11C-Labelled Compounds (G. Antoni, et al.). Chemistry of Fluorine-18 Radiopharmaceuticals (S. Snyder and M. Kilbourn). Production and Application of Synthetic Precursors Labeled with Carbon-11 and Fluorine-18 (R. Ferrieri). Automation for the Synthesis and Application of PET Radiopharmaceuticals (D. Alexoff). Design and Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]Fluoro-D-Glucose (18FDG) (J. Fowler and T. Ido). Technetium Radiopharmaceuticals (A. Mahmood and A. Jones). Chemistry of Gallium and Indium Radiopharmaceuticals (R. Weiner and M. Thakur). Chemistry of Copper Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceutical Products (C. Anderson, et al.). Chemistry Applied to Iodine Radionuclides (R. Finn). Radiobromine for Imaging and Therapy (D. Rowland, et al.). Development of Radiolabeled Probes to Monitor Gene Therapy (C. Shiue and S. Eck). Mechanism of Target Specific Uptake Using Examples of Muscarinic Receptor Binding Radiotracers (W. Eckelman). Strategies for Quantifying PET Imaging Data from Tracer Studies of Brain Receptors and Enzymes (J. Logan). Radiopharmaceuticals for Studying the Heart (D. Hwang and S. Bergmann). PET Imaging Studies in Drug Abuse Research (J. Fowler, et al.). Research and Clinical Application of Neuroreceptor Imaging (H. Wagner and Z. Szabo). Dynamic Neurotransmitter Interactions Measured with PET (W. Schiffer and S. Dewey). Tumor Imaging (R. Hustinx and A. Alavi). Radiolabeled Peptides for Tumor Imaging (L. Knight). Radiolabeled Antibodies for Tumor Imaging and Therapy (M. Zalutsky and J. Lewis). Receptor Imaging of Tumors (Non-Peptide) (J. Katzenellenbogen). Pulmonary Function Imaging with PET Radiopharmaceuticals (P. Elsinga and W. Vaalburg). Considerations in the Selection of Radionuclides for Cancer Therapy (A. Kassis and S. Adelstein). Radiopharmaceuticals for the Study of Liver and Renal Function (D. Vera, et al.). Index.
The effect of a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa) on monoamine and neuroendocrine function in man (1977)

Carbidopa, a selective extracerebral decarboxylase inhibitor, was given to 10 normal volunteers to determine its effects on endogenous catecholamine, indoleamine, and endocrine function. Tryptamine, which is largely extracerebral in origin, was inhibited markedly (80 percent) by the carbidopa; 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenolglycol (MHPG) excretion also were inhibited by the drug but not to the same degree as tryptamine. These differential results may be due partly to the higher central nervous system origin of the 5-HIAA and MHPG but also to a peripheral "stores" effect. In addition, carbidopa resulted in significant increases in plasma prolactin and a small but significant decrease in plasma glucagon.
The Role of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome in Plant Growth (2015)

light on specific functions of the APC/C during plant development. Plant APC/C subunits and activators have been reported to play a role in cellular differentiation, vascular development, shoot branching, female and male gametophyte development and embryogenesis. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the APC/C controlling plant growth.
Angiopoietin-1 and Its Receptor Tie-2 Participate in the Regulation of Capillary-like Tubule Formation and Survival of Endothelial Cells (1999)

Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and its receptor Tie-2, a trans-membrane tyrosine kinase uniquely expressed by endothelial cells, are shown by null mutation studies to be essential to developmental angiogenesis. The phenotypic abnormalities in these knockout animals suggest that Tie-2 signaling is necessary for the maintenance and expansion of the primitive capillary network. We present in vitro evidence indicating that the Ang-1/Tie-2 system participates in the regulation of capillary tubule formation and is necessary for the survival of confluent endothelial cells. Although recombinant Ang-1, which induces Tie-2 phosphorylation, has no effect on the proliferation of endothelial cells, treatment of confluent adult bovine aortic endothelial cells (ABAE) cells grown on collagen gels with Ang-1 (100 ng/ml) causes the cells to migrate into the collagen gel and form capillary-like tubules. The tubule-forming effect of Ang-1 is similar to the effect caused by FGF-2. A soluble form of the Tie-2 extracellular domain, in fivefold molar excess, blocks Ang-1-induced tubule formation. Specific elimination of Tie-2 protein expression in cultured ABAE cells as a result of transfection with an antisense oligonucleotide causes cell death in a dose-dependent manner (IC(50) = 50 nM). The antisense treatment has no effect on cells that do not express Tie-2. Cells treated with antisense oligonucleotide show a sixfold increase in the rate of apoptosis as assessed by in situ end labeling of fragmented DNA. These findings are consistent with the view that Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling is essential for both angiogenesis and endothelial cell survival.
Synthesis of a truncated bi-antennary complex-type N-glycan oxazoline; glycosylation catalysed by the endohexosaminidases Endo A and Endo M (2009)

The synthesis of a truncated complex N-glycan hexasaccharide oxazoline was achieved producing a substrate that was assayed as an activated donor for glycosylation catalysed by the endohexosaminidases Endo A and Endo M. For Endo M competitive product hydrolysis was seen to limit synthetic efficiency. In spite of its natural hydrolytic selectivity wild type Endo A was able to process the truncated complex N-glycan oxazoline, albeit with limited synthetic efficiency; notably the product was not a substrate for Endo A catalysed hydrolysis. Two Endo A mutants, E173Q and E173H, were also assayed, but were unable to process this oxazoline.
Induction of Potent Th1‐Type Immune Responses from a Novel DNA Vaccine for West Nile Virus New York Isolate (WNV‐NY1999) (2001)

West Nile virus (WNV) is a vectorborne pathogen that induces brain inflammation and death. Recently, confirmed cases of infection and deaths have occurred in the United States Mid-Atlantic region. In this study, a DNA vaccine encoding the WNV capsid protein was constructed, and the in vivo immune responses generated were investigated in DNA vaccine-immunized mice. Antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses were observed, including a potent induction of antigen-specific Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Strong induction of Th1-type immune responses included high levels of antigen-specific elaboration of the Th1-type cytokines interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 and beta-chemokines RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell-expressed and secreted) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta. Dramatic infiltration of CD4 and CD8 T cells and macrophages also was observed at the muscle injection site. These results support the potential utility of this method as a tool for developing immunization strategies for WNV and other emerging pathogens.
Demonstration of negative dispersion fibers for DWDM metropolitan area networks (2001)

We present a detailed experimental and theoretical study, showing that a novel nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber with negative dispersion enhances the capabilities of metropolitan area optical systems, while at the same time, reducing the system cost by eliminating the need of dispersion compensation. The performance of this dispersion-optimized fiber was studied using different types of optical transmitters for both 1310- and 1550-nm wavelength windows and for both 2.5-and 10-Gb/s bit rates. It is shown that this new fiber extends the nonregenerated distance up to 300 km when directly modulated distributed feedback (DFB) laser transmitters at 2.5 Gb/s are used. The negative dispersion characteristics of the fiber also enhance the transmission performance in metropolitan area networks with transmitters that use electroabsorption (EA) modulator integrated distributed feedback (DFB) lasers, which are biased for positive chirp. In the case of 10 Gb/s, externally modulated signals (using either EA-DFBs or external modulated lasers using Mach-Zehnder modulators), we predict that the maximum reach that can be accomplished without dispersion compensation is more than 200 km for both 100- and 200-GHz channel spacing. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the capabilities of a nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber with negative dispersion for metropolitan applications.
Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in <em>Drosophila</em> (2013)

The continued development of techniques for fast, large-scale manipulation of endogenous gene loci will broaden the use of Drosophila melanogaster as a genetic model organism for human-disease related research. Recent years have seen technical advancements like homologous recombination and recombineering. However, generating unequivocal null mutations or tagging endogenous proteins remains a substantial effort for most genes. Here, we describe and demonstrate techniques for using recombineering-based cloning methods to generate vectors that can be used to target and manipulate endogenous loci in vivo. Specifically, we have established a combination of three technologies: (1) BAC transgenesis/recombineering, (2) ends-out homologous recombination and (3) Gateway technology to provide a robust, efficient and flexible method for manipulating endogenous genomic loci. In this protocol, we provide step-by-step details about how to (1) design individual vectors, (2) how to clone large fragments of genomic DNA into the homologous recombination vector using gap repair, and (3) how to replace or tag genes of interest within these vectors using a second round of recombineering. Finally, we will also provide a protocol for how to mobilize these cassettes in vivo to generate a knockout, or a tagged gene via knock-in. These methods can easily be adopted for multiple targets in parallel and provide a means for manipulating the Drosophila genome in a timely and efficient manner.
Part I: Targeted Particles for Cancer Immunotherapy (2011)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key antigen presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity. In the periphery, DCs capture antigens, process them and migrate into the regional lymph nodes where they could initiate antigen specific T cell immune responses. Immunotherapeutic strategies that aim to deliver tumor antigens specifically to DCs could not only boost anti-tumor immune responses but also could alleviate non-specific immune activation and/or unwanted side effects. Nano-sized particulate delivery systems are efficient modalities that can deliver tumor antigens to DCs in a targeted and specific manner. This review will provide general information on the rationale behind targeting antigens to DCs and the crucial role of DCs in initiating antigen specific T cell responses. Different strategies that have been employed in delivering antigens to DCs will be also discussed. A special emphasis will be put on specific targeting of cancer vaccine formulations to DC-specific receptors (e.g. CD11c, CD40, Fcγ, CCR6, pathogenic recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)).
Studies of human pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-GEMM) in vitro (1981)

An in vitro clonal assay for a class of human hemopoietic progenitors (CFU-GEMM) with several characteristics of pluripotential stem cells has been previously described. In the presence of medium conditioned by leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-LCM) and erythropoietin (Ep), CFU-GEMM give rise to mixed hemopoietic colonies containing granulocytic, erythroid, monocyte-macrophage, and megakaryocytic elements. In initial studies we found that CFU-GEMM were present in equal but low frequencies in blood (B) and bone marrow (M) mononuclear cell populations. However, when the culture system was modified by the substitution of Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium for alpha-MEM and the addition of mercaptoethanol, a significant enhancement of mixed colony formation occurred, and an approximately 3- 4-fold difference in the frequency of CFU-GEMM between B and M emerged. Replating studies showed the formation of secondary differentiated hemopoietic colonies and at least a limited capacity for self-renewal of CFU-GEMM. The in vitro growth of normal CFU-GEMM was highly dependent on hemopoietin(s) present in PHA-LCM. In vitro detection of CFU-GEMM, however, requires only relatively low permissive concentrations of Ep, in contrast to the high Ep requirement for optimal BFU-E growth in vitro. These and other data described demonstrate CFU-GEMM to be a distinct multipotential stem cell class whose assay may prove useful in the study of human blood dyscrasias.
Monitoring system activity for OS-directed dynamic power management (1998)

Most work to date on power reduction has focused at the component level, not at the system level. In this paper, we propose a framework for describing the power behavior of system-level designs. The model consists of a set of resources, an environmental workload specification, and a power management policy, which serves as the heart of the system model. We map this model to a simulation-based framework to obtain an estimate of the system's power dissipation. Accompanying this, we propose an algorithm to optimize power management policies. The optimization algorithm can be used in a tight loop with the estimation engine to derive new power-management policy algorithms for a given system-level description. We tested our approach by applying it to a real-life low-power portable design, achieving a power estimation accuracy of ∼10%, and a 23% reduction in power after policy optimization.
Sequence Analysis of the HN Gene of Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 (1990)

A cDNA library was constructed in lambda gt10 using mRNA purified from cells infected with parainfluenza virus type 2 (PIV2). Virus-specific clones were identified by screening the library with 32P-labelled cDNA probes made from randomly primed vRNA. Clones containing the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene were identified by sequence comparisons with known parainfluenza virus HN gene sequences. The largest HN clone isolated had a nucleic acid sequence of 2065 bp with a single long open reading frame encoding a protein of 571 amino acids. The HN protein has nine predicted glycosylation sites and an amino-terminal membrane-spanning region. The PIV2 HN protein shares 43% amino acid identity with the HN protein of simian virus 5 and 40% with mumps virus, 30% of the amino acids being common to all three viruses.
FGF7/KGF triggers cell transformation and invasion on immortalised human prostatic epithelial PNT1A cells (1999)

Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7/KGF) is synthesized exclusively by fibroblasts in normal tissues; it acts as a potent mitogen on epithelial cells, through interaction with the FGF7-specific receptor FGFR2/IIIb. To examine the importance of this growth factor both to prostate physiology and to prostate-cancer progression, we have tested the exogenous effect of FGF7. Thus, by mimicking the paracrine pathway (on proliferation, growth in soft agar and invasion) on the human prostatic epithelial cell line PNT1A positively checked for FGFR2/IIIb expression, FGF7 significantly enhanced cell proliferation at an optimal concentration of 7.5 × 10−11 M, but no significant invasion or growth in soft agar were observed. To confirm FGF7 properties on human prostatic epithelial cells, we constitutively expressed FGF7 by transfecting PNT1A cells with FGF7-cDNA. The FGF7-transfected clones, PNT1A/FGF7-T5 and PNT1A/FGF7-T6, were stable and expressed FGF7. Analysis of the FGF7-autocrine loop on the non-tumorigenic epithelial cells PNT1A showed acquired invasive potential in in vitro extracellular-matrix migration assays, specifically inhibited by an FGF7-neutralizing antibody, and over-expressed factors implicated in the migration process: the metalloproteinase MMP-1 and the plasminogen activator uPA. Taken together, these results demonstrate a role for FGF7 in triggering invasion of human prostatic epithelial cells. Furthermore, these FGF7-transfected clones exhibited functional and physiological differences from the original PNT1A cell line: anchorage-independent growth, growth in serum-free media and increased proliferation. These data confirm the oncogenic function of FGF7 in prostate progression potentially acting through paracrine and/or autocrine regulatory pathways. Int. J. Cancer 82:237–243, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CtBP family proteins: More than transcriptional corepressors (2002)

CtBP family proteins predominantly function as transcriptional corepressors. Studies with mutant mouse suggest that the two mouse genes, Ctbp1 and Ctbp2, play unique and redundant gene regulatory roles during development.1 Ctbp1-deficient mice are viable, but are small and die early, while Ctbp2 deficiency leads to embryonic lethality. Ctbp2-null mutation causes defects in axial patterning, heart morphogenesis and neural development. The Ctbp2 mutant phenotype is more severe in the absence of Ctbp1. The studies with Ctbp2 mutant embryos suggest that CtBP can also activate transcription. A plant CtBP homolog, Angustifolia (AN), has recently been identified.2,3 AN controls polar elongation of leaf cells via the microtubule cytoskeleton. Microarray analysis suggests that AN also functions as a transcriptional repressor. Thus, the CtBP family proteins control cellular processes by serving as transcriptional activators and regulators of the cytoskeleton as well as transcriptional corepressors.
A wide-range low-jitter fully integrated programmable frequency synthesizer building block in a 2.5 V/0.25 μm CMOS process (2003)

This paper describes the design of a wide-range programmable frequency synthesizer building block for graphics-application ASICs. A unique feature of the design is the use of variable gain charge pumps to adjust loop gain as well as zero location in order to handle the wide range of divider values. The synthesizer input frequency range is 2.8125 MHz to 200 MHz, while the output frequency is programmable (via dividers) in the range 5.46875 MHz to 350 MHz. A fully integrated, differential structure results in low jitter. The use of BIST (Built In Self Test) for facilitating production testing is also discussed.
A Critical Evaluation of Bifidobacterial Adhesion to the Host Tissue (2016)

Bifidobacteria are common inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract that, despite a long history of research, have not shown any pathogenic potential whatsoever. By contrast, some bifidobacteria are associated with a number of health-related benefits for the host. The reported beneficial effects of bifidobacteria include competitive exclusion of pathogens, alleviation of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, and modulation of intestinal and systemic immune responses. Based on these effects, bifidobacteria are widely used as probiotics by pharmaceutical and dairy industries. In order to exert a beneficial effect bifidobacteria have to, at least transiently, colonize the host in a sufficient population size. Besides other criteria such as resistance to manufacturing processes and intestinal transit, potential probiotic bacteria are tested for adhesion to the host structures including intestinal epithelial cells, mucus, and extracellular matrix components. In the present review article, we summarize the current knowledge on bifidobacterial structures that mediate adhesion to host tissue and compare these to similar structures of pathogenic bacteria. This reveals that most of the adhesive structures and mechanisms involved in adhesion of bifidobacteria to host tissue are similar or even identical to those employed by pathogens to cause disease. It is thus reasonable to assume that these structures and mechanisms are equally important for commensal or probiotic bacteria and play a similar role in the beneficial effects exerted by bifidobacteria.
Cancer immunotherapy using a DNA vaccine encoding the translocation domain of a bacterial toxin linked to a tumor antigen. (2001)

Certain domains of bacterial toxins have been shown to facilitate translocation from extracellular and vesicular compartments into the cytoplasm. This feature represents an opportunity to enhance class I presentation of exogenous antigen to CD8(+) T cells. We investigated this notion by creating a novel fusion of the translocation domain (domain II) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA(dII)) with a model tumor antigen, human papillomavirus type 16 E7, in the context of a DNA vaccine. Our in vitro studies indicated that cells transfected with ETA(dII)/E7 DNA or dendritic cells pulsed with lysates containing ETA(dII)/E7 protein exhibited enhanced MHC class I presentation of E7 antigen. Vaccination of mice with ETA(dII)/E7 DNA generated a dramatic increase in the number of E7-specific CD8(+) T cell precursors ( approximately 30-fold compared with wild-type E7 DNA) and converted a less effective DNA vaccine into one with significant potency against human papillomavirus type 16 E7-expressing murine tumors via a CD8-dependent pathway. These results indicate that fusion of the translocation domain of a bacterial toxin to an antigen may greatly enhance vaccine potency.