gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of integrin engagement during defined human embryonic stem cell culture (2009)

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are pluripotent, capable of differentiating into any cell type of the body, and therefore have the ability to provide insights into mechanisms of human development and disease, as well as to provide a potentially unlimited supply of cells for cell-based therapy and diagnostics. Knowledge of the adhesion receptors that hES cells employ to engage extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is of basic biological interest and can enhance the design of cell culture and implantation systems to enable these biomedical applications. Although hES cells express a variety of cell surface receptors, little is known about which integrins are involved during subculture and passage. Matrigel is broadly used as a cell adhesive matrix for hES cell culture. Here, we sought to identify which integrins hES cells exploit for adhesion to Matrigel-coated surfaces in defined medium conditions. Using RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and fluorescence immunochemistry, we found that numerous integrins were expressed by H1 hES cells; however, antibody blocking assays indicated that only alpha(v)beta(3), alpha(6), beta(1), and alpha(2)beta(1) played a significant role in the initial adhesion of the hES cells to Matrigel in defined medium conditions. We subsequently identified a cohort of synthetic peptides that, when adsorbed to the culture surface, promoted H1 hES cell attachment and proliferation, as well as maintained a pluripotent phenotype. Peptides designed to engage with alpha(v)beta(3), alpha(6), beta(1), and alpha(2)beta(1) integrins and syndecan-1 were tested both individually and in various combinations. A combination of two integrin-engaging peptides (AG-10, C-16) and one syndecan-engaging peptide (AG-73) was sufficient to promote hES cell adhesion, maintenance, and proliferation. We propose that a specific integrin "fingerprint" is necessary for maintenance of hES cell self-renewal, and synthetic culture systems must capture this engagement profile for hES cells to remain undifferentiated.-Meng, Y., Eshghi, S., Li, Y. J., Schmidt, R., Schaffer, D. V., Healy, K. E. Characterization of integrin engagement during defined human embryonic stem cell culture.
Capnography is superior to pulse oximetry for the detection of respiratory depression during colonoscopy (2010)

Apnea or hypoventilation commonly occurs during colonoscopy with sedation. Capnography is more reliable than pulse oximetry in early detection of respiratory depression in this setting.
NADPH Oxidase Inhibitors: New Antihypertensive Agents? (2007)

NADPH oxidases have recently been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. The development of specific inhibitors of these enzymes has focused attention on their potential therapeutic use in hypertensive disease. Two of the most specific inhibitors, gp91ds-tat and apocynin, have been shown to decrease blood pressure in animal models of hypertension. Other inhibitors, including diphenylene iodonium, aminoethyl benzenesulfono fluoride, S17834, PR39, protein kinase C inhibitors, and VAS2870, have shown promise in vitro, but their in vivo specificity, pharmacokinetics, and effectiveness in hypertension remains to be determined. Of importance, the currently available antihypertensive agents angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers also effectively inhibit NADPH oxidase activation. Similarly, the cholesterol-lowering agents, statins, have been shown to attenuate NADPH oxidase activation. Although, antioxidants act to scavenge the reactive oxygen species produced by these enzymes, their effectiveness is limited. Targeting NADPH homologues may have a distinct advantage over current therapies because it would specifically prevent the pathophysiological formation of reactive oxygen species that contributes to hypertension.
Influence of Phase Separation Behaviour on Toughness of Compression Moulded SBS Star Block Copolymer/Polystyrene Blends (2006)

Abstract The influence of homopolymer molecular weight and compression moulding on morphology formation and deformation behaviour of binary blends of polystyrene‐polybutadiene based star block copolymer and polystyrene (PS) homopolymer was investigated. The samples used were a polystyrene‐(polystyrene‐co‐polybutadiene)‐polystyrene (S‐S/B‐S) star block copolymer and anionically prepared polystyrene (aPS). The techniques used were transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and uniaxial tensile testing. A wide range of segregation behaviour was observed depending on the ratio of the length of aPS chains relative to that of corresponding outer blocks of the block copolymer. For the first time, the formation of macrophase‐separated ‘droplet‐like’ morphology has been reported, which endows the block copolymer/polystyrene blends with higher toughness. The mechanical properties of blends are discussed in the light of micromechanical processes of deformation. The micromechanical mechanisms and their dependence with inter domain distance are similar to the mechanisms found in rubber network toughened systems.
Palbociclib: an evidence-based review of its potential in the treatment of breast cancer (2014)

Cellular proliferation, growth, and division following DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage are tightly controlled by the cell-cycle regulatory machinery. This machinery includes cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) which complex with their cyclin partners, allowing the cell cycle to progress. The cell-cycle regulatory process plays a critical role in oncogenesis and in the development of therapeutic resistance; it is frequently disrupted in breast cancer, providing a rational target for therapeutic development. Palbociclib is a potent and selective inhibitor of CDK4 and -6 with significant activity in breast cancer models. Furthermore, it has been shown to significantly prolong progression-free survival when combined with letrozole in the management of estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. In this article we review the cell cycle and its regulatory processes, their role in breast cancer, and the rationale for CDK inhibition in this disease. We describe the preclinical and clinical data relating to the activity of palbociclib in breast cancer and the plans for the future development of this agent.
Effect of surface tension on the acoustic radiation pressure-induced motion of the water–air interface (1993)

The displacement of a water–air interface and its relaxation as a function of acoustic energy density and surface tension were analyzed both experimentally and numerically. Experimental systems were devised to observe the time evolution of the surface. A theoretical model to predict the response of the interface to acoustic excitation was also developed. It was found that the Langevin pressure due to a focused acoustic beam will cause the interface to rise to a height that is a function of the energy density of the beam. The rise time, which is the time it takes for the wafer surface to rise to its maximum height, was found to be independent of the incident energy, but was found to be a function of the surface tension. The time of mound formation measurements in clean water at low-energy acoustic excitations were found to be within 20% of the simulation results. These results imply that surface rise time measurements may present a novel way of measuring surface tension of water–surfactant combinations accurately and rapidly by a simple noncontacting technique.
Platelet factor 4 mRNA expression in human erythroleukemic cells: regulation by phorbol esters and certain cytokines. (1991)

Developing megakaryocytes are distinguished from progenitor cells by the appearance of platelet proteins such as platelet factor 4 (PF 4). The human erythroleukemic cell line HEL can also be induced to produce PF 4 by incubation in phorbol esters. HEL cells were used here as a model system in which to study the phenomenon of inducible PF 4 production at both the mRNA and protein levels. The cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 6 (IL-6), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), erythropoietin (EPO), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were also evaluated for their effects on PF 4 mRNA induction in HEL cells.
Ultrahigh-Speed Calculation of Isotope Distributions (1996)

This paper introduces an ultrahigh-speed algorithm for calculating isotope distributions from molecular formulas, elemental isotopic masses, and elemental isotopic abundances. For a given set of input data (molecular formula, elemental isotopic masses, and elemental isotopic abundances), and assuming round-off error to be negilgible, the new algorithm rigorously produces isotope distributions whose mean and standard deviation are "correct" in the sense that an error-free algorithm would produce a distribution having the same mean and standard deviation. The peak heights are also "correct" in the sense that the height of each nominal isotope peak from the ultrahigh-speed calculation equals the integrated peak area of the corresponding nominal isotope peak from an exact calculation. As a consequence of these properties, the algorithm generally places isotope peaks within millidaltons of their true centroids. The method uses Fourier transform methods and relates closely to two other recently introduced algorithms. The suite of capabilities provided by these three algorithms is sufficient to solve an extremely wide range of problems requiring isotope distribution simulation.
Exploring methods for functional studies of CBM33-type lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (2013)

Conversion of biomass to sustainable sources of soluble sugars for fermentation has been subject of intensive research in the field of biorefinery the last decade. The recalcitrant nature of many polysaccharides create a technical barrier to the cost-effective transformation of biomass to fermentable sugars, but a novel discovery have given more insight into efficient\nconversion of recalcitrant polysaccharides. Bacterial proteins categorized as Lytic\nPolysaccharide Monooxygenases (LPMO) member of family 10 auxiliary activities (AA)\n(former family 33 carbohydrate-binding modules) were recently shown to boost degradation of crystalline chitin using a mechanism involving an oxidative and a hydrolytic step. A better understanding of chitin degradation can be used for optimizing conditions for degradation of\nother polysaccharides in a crystalline context, such as cellulose. The aim of this study was to gain more insight into the binding properties and the catalytic\nmechanism of chitin-binding protein 21 (CBP21), a surface-active AA10-type LPMO,\nproduced by the well known chitinolytic soil bacterium Serratia marcescens. The functional role of seven conserved residues located close to the active site (Ser-58, Thr-111, Gly-112, Trp-178, Ile-180, Thr-183 and Phe-187) were probed by site-directed mutagenesis, binding assays and product analysis. All mutations lowered the affinity for CBP21 to β-chitin and their ability to degrate the substrate, but CBP21 variant I180R showed a substantially lower\nactivity than the wild-type and the mutants.\nA novel assay to measure enzyme activity based on detection of hydrogen peroxide from a futile side reaction of LPMOs was tested on CBP21, showing that the copper present in the enzyme contributes to formation of hydrogen peroxide by autooxidation. In addition, various\nAA10s known to interact with the human gut were tested for substrate specificity by a glycan array screen. GbpA from Vibrio cholerae was the only enzyme that showed binding, an enzyme which was also proven to have LMPO activity.
Execution synthesis (2010)

Debugging real systems is hard, requires deep knowledge of the code, and is time-consuming. Bug reports rarely provide sufficient information, thus forcing developers to turn into detectives searching for an explanation of how the program could have arrived at the reported failure point. Execution synthesis is a technique for automating this detective work: given a program and a bug report, it automatically produces an execution of the program that leads to the reported bug symptoms. Using a combination of static analysis and symbolic execution, it "synthesizes" a thread schedule and various required program inputs that cause the bug to manifest. The synthesized execution can be played back deterministically in a regular debugger, like gdb. This is particularly useful in debugging concurrency bugs. Our technique requires no runtime tracing or program modifications, thus incurring no runtime overhead and being practical for use in production systems. We evaluate ESD – a debugger based on execution synthesis – on popular software (e.g., the SQLite database, ghttpd Web server, HawkNL network library, UNIX utilities): starting from mere bug reports, ESD reproduces on its own several real concurrency and memory safety bugs in less than three minutes.
D‐Mannose‐specific interaction between xanthan and D‐galacto‐D‐mannan (1986)

A gelation occurred in a mixed solution of xanthan and locust‐bean gum at room temperature; in contrast, gelation did not occur in a solution of xanthan and guar gum. The maximum dynamic modulus was obtained when the mixing ratio of xanthan and locust‐bean gum was 1:2 at 0.2% total gums. A mixture of deacetylated xanthan and locust‐bean gum showed the highest dynamic modulus, about twice that of the mixture of native xanthan. We concluded that the intermolecular interaction between xanthan and locustbean gum might occur between the side chains of the former and back‐bone of the latter molecules in a lock‐and‐key arrangement.
Characterization of the Sporulation Initiation Pathway of Clostridium difficile and Its Role in Toxin Production (2009)

Clostridium difficile is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity in the hospitalized elderly. C. difficile spores are infectious and are a major factor contributing to nosocomial transmission. The Spo0A response regulator is the master regulator for sporulation initiation and can influence many other cellular processes. Using the ClosTron gene knockout system, we inactivated genes encoding Spo0A and a putative sporulation-associated sensor histidine kinase in C. difficile. Inactivation of spo0A resulted in an asporogeneous phenotype, whereas inactivation of the kinase reduced C. difficile sporulation capacity by 3.5-fold, suggesting that this kinase also has a role in sporulation initiation. Furthermore, inactivation of either spo0A or the kinase resulted in a marked defect in C. difficile toxin production. Therefore, Spo0A and the signaling pathway that modulates its activity appear to be involved in regulation of toxin synthesis in C. difficile. In addition, Spo0A was directly phosphorylated by a putative sporulation-associated kinase, supporting the hypothesis that sporulation initiation in C. difficile is controlled by a two-component signal transduction system rather than a multicomponent phosphorelay. The implications of these findings for C. difficile sporulation, virulence, and transmission are discussed.
Characterization of Heat Shock Protein 110 and Glucose-Regulated Protein 170 as Cancer Vaccines and the Effect of Fever-Range Hyperthermia on Vaccine Activity (2001)

Several studies have confirmed that certain stress proteins can function as potent vaccines against a specific cancer when purified from the same tumor. Recent studies of two long-recognized but unstudied stress proteins, heat shock protein (hsp) 110 and glucose-regulated protein (grp) 170, have shown them to be efficient peptide chain-binding proteins. The present investigation examines the vaccine potential of hsp110 and grp170. First, it is shown that prior vaccination with hsp110 or grp170 purified from methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma caused complete regression of the tumor. In a second tumor model, hsp110 or grp170 purified from Colon 26 tumors led to a significant growth inhibition of this tumor. In addition, hsp110 or grp170 immunization significantly extended the life span of Colon 26 tumor-bearing mice when applied after tumor transplantation. A tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response developed in the mice immunized with tumor-derived hsp110 or grp170. Furthermore, treatments of the mice with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed with these two proteins from tumor also elicited a strong antitumor response. Last, we showed that mild, fever-like hyperthermic conditions enhance the vaccine efficiency of hsp110 as well as heat shock cognate 70, but not grp170. These studies indicate that hsp110 and grp170 can be used in hsp-based cancer immunotherapy, that Ag-presenting dendritic cells can be used to mediate this therapeutic approach, and that fever-level hyperthermia can significantly enhance the vaccine efficiency of hsps.
Comparative In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin and Vancomycin against Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens (2000)

The in vitro activity of daptomycin against 224 current gram-positive clinical isolates including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRSS), and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) was evaluated. The MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited for daptomycin and vancomycin, respectively, were as follows: MRSA, 1 and 2 microg/ml; MRSS, 1 and 4 microg/ml; PRSP, 1 and 0.5 microg/ml; and VREF, 2 and >64 microg/ml. Daptomycin was bactericidal against 82% of 17 VREF isolates. The antibacterial activity of daptomycin was strongly dependent on the calcium concentration of the medium. Daptomycin was active against all gram-positive cocci tested.
Thoracoabdominal Wall Repair with Glutaraldehyde-Preserved Bovine Pericardium (1996)

Glutaraldehyde-preserved bovine pericardium (GPBP) is evaluated as a bioprosthesis for the reconstruction of surgical defects in the thoracoabdominal wall. The mechanical properties of bovine pericardium preserved at different concentrations of glutaraldehyde were studied. Samples preserved in 0.5% glutaraldehyde showed a significantly higher tensile strength (11.7 +/- 0.8 N/mm2) than samples preserved in 2.5, 5, or 10% (similar to pericardium preserved in normal saline). The percentage of elongation was significantly lower than samples preserved in 1, 2.5, and 5% glutaraldehyde. GPBP at 0.5% was used to repair experimentally induced defects of the abdominal wall (n = 9), chest wall (n = 6), diaphragm (n = 6), and sternum (n = 7). All animals presented adequate tolerance to the material used and no case of infection or rejection of the material was seen in any of the animals. Finally, 0.5% GPBP was used clinically in a series of 40 patients: postincisional abdominal hernia (n = 30), inguinal hernia (n = 8), diaphragmatic hernia (n = 1), and congenital pelvic defect with prolapse of abdominal organs (n = 1). Surgical use showed that GPBP was a very manageable material and long-term results were good in 37 patients with a mean follow up of 18 months (range 5-35 months). Six patients presented seroma formation (all abdominal hernia patients), three of which eventually developed infection and had the GPBP patch removed at 3, 5, and 7 months postoperatively. The rest of the patients presented good scar formation with adequate resistance at the area of implantation. GPBP is a biological material with sufficient resistance to be used surgically in the repair of thoracoabdominal defects. Ideal concentration of glutaraldehyde to be used in the preparation-preservation of the material is 0.5% since higher concentration negatively affect its tensile rupture strength and elongation.
Reversible Meso-Scale Smart Polymer−Protein Particles of Controlled Sizes (2004)

Functionalized beads and particles in the size range of tens to hundreds of nanometers (nano- to meso-scale) are finding increased applications in the bioanalytical field. We show here that conjugates of streptavidin and the temperature-responsive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), synthesized with low polydispersities by reversible addition--fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, rapidly formed mesoscale polymer--protein particles above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The average hydrodynamic diameters of these particles could be controlled between 250 nm to 900 nm by the choice of conjugate concentration and polymer molecular weight, and/or through control of the rate of temperature change. Once formed, the biohybrid particles were found to be stable for >16 h at the controlled size, unlike the free PNIPAAm which continued to aggregate and grow over time into very large and polydisperse aggregates. The reversibility between the smart polymer--protein particles and the free polymer--protein conjugates opens potential uses in traditional diagnostic formats and in microfluidic formats where the differential diffusive and physical properties might be exploited for separations, analyte concentration, and signal generation.
EMOTIONAL SUPPORT MODERATES THE ACUTE PRESSOR EFFECTS OF STRESS DURING DAILY LIFE (1999)

s of Papers for 1999 Annual Meeting: Paper Session: Cardiovascular Activity in Relation to Stress Psychology and Neurobiology
Peripheral Arterial Disease Detection, Awareness, and Treatment in Primary Care (2001)

Prevalence of PAD in primary care practices is high, yet physician awareness of the PAD diagnosis is relatively low. A simple ABI measurement identified a large number of patients with previously unrecognized PAD. Atherosclerosis risk factors were very prevalent in PAD patients, but these patients received less intensive treatment for lipid disorders and hypertension and were prescribed antiplatelet therapy less frequently than were patients with CVD. These results demonstrate that underdiagnosis of PAD in primary care practice may be a barrier to effective secondary prevention of the high ischemic cardiovascular risk associated with PAD.
Powerpoint to the people: suiting the word to the audience (2004)

A computerised system supporting public presentations that are "personalised" at two levels is now possible.Firstly, the system exploits context information to adapt the large-screen projected presentation on the basis of who is in the audience.Secondly, the system makes use of the display devices of individuals in the audience: these provide an additional and complementary display with both content and presentation adapted to the individual.We describe the architecture and issues in supporting this level of personalisation.
Viral Marketing or Electronic Word-of-Mouth Advertising: Examining Consumer Responses and Motivations to Pass Along Email (2004)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Although viral marketing has garnered a great deal of attention in the trade press, almost nothing is known about the motivations, attitudes, and behaviors of the people (those sending the email to others) that constitute the essential component of any such strategy. This article reports the results of three studies that examine consumer responses and motivations to pass along email. Implications for target selection and message creation are discussed for advertising practitioners interested in implementing viral efforts, and suggestions for future research relating to computer-mediated consumer-to-consumer interactions are presented for academic researchers.
Synthesis of Pyrrolo-, Thienopyrrolo-, Benzothienopyrroloquinolines as well as Triazoloindole Derivatives (1998)

Abstract Substituted pyrroloquinoline, thienopyrroloquinoline, benzothieno-pyrroloquinoline and triazoloindole derivatives have been synthesized starting from 6-amino-2,3-diphenylindole. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds and MS data.