gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autocrine regulation of mda -7/IL-24 mediates cancer-specific apoptosis (2008)

A noteworthy aspect of melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) as a cancer therapeutic is its ability to selectively kill cancer cells without harming normal cells. Intracellular MDA-7/IL-24 protein, generated from an adenovirus expressing mda-7/IL-24 (Ad.mda-7), induces cancer-specific apoptosis by inducing an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Secreted MDA-7/IL-24 protein, generated from cells infected with Ad.mda-7, induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in surrounding noninfected cancer cells but not in normal cells, thus exerting an anti-tumor "bystander" effect. The present studies reveal a provocative finding that recombinant MDA-7/IL-24 protein can robustly induce expression of endogenous mda-7/IL-24, which generates the signaling events necessary for bystander killing. To evaluate the mechanism underlying this positive autocrine feedback loop, we show that MDA-7/IL-24 protein induces stabilization of its own mRNA without activating its promoter. Furthermore, this posttranscriptional effect depends on de novo protein synthesis. As a consequence of this autocrine feedback loop MDA-7/IL-24 protein induces sustained ER stress as evidenced by expression of ER stress markers (BiP/GRP78, GRP94, GADD153, and phospho-eIF2alpha) and reactive oxygen species production, indicating that both intracellular and secreted proteins activate similar signaling pathways to induce apoptosis. Thus, our results clarify the molecular mechanism by which secreted MDA-7/IL-24 protein (generated from Ad.mda-7-infected cells) exerts cancer-specific killing.
CsgE is a curli secretion specificity factor that prevents amyloid fibre aggregation (2011)

Curli are extracellular amyloid fibres produced by Escherichia coli that are critical for biofilm formation and adhesion to biotic and abiotic surfaces. CsgA and CsgB are the major and minor curli subunits, respectively, while CsgE, CsgF and CsgG direct the extracellular localization and assembly of curli subunits into fibres. The secretion and stability of CsgA and CsgB are dependent on the outer membrane lipoprotein CsgG. Here, we identified functional interactions between CsgG and CsgE during curli secretion. We discovered that CsgG overexpression restored curli production to a csgE strain under curli-inducing conditions. In antibiotic sensitivity and protein secretion assays, CsgG expression alone allowed translocation of erythromycin and small periplasmic proteins across the outer membrane. Coexpression of CsgE with CsgG blocked non-specific protein and antibiotic passage across the outer membrane. However, CsgE did not block secretion of proteins containing a 22-amino-acid putative outer membrane secretion signal of CsgA (A22). Finally, using purified proteins, we found that CsgE prohibited the self-assembly of CsgA into amyloid fibres. Collectively, these data indicate that CsgE provides substrate specificity to the curli secretion pore CsgG, and acts directly on the secretion substrate CsgA to prevent premature subunit assembly.
Verdi: a framework for implementing and formally verifying distributed systems (2015)

Distributed systems are difficult to implement correctly because they must handle both concurrency and failures: machines may crash at arbitrary points and networks may reorder, drop, or duplicate packets. Further, their behavior is often too complex to permit exhaustive testing. Bugs in these systems have led to the loss of critical data and unacceptable service outages. We present Verdi, a framework for implementing and formally verifying distributed systems in Coq. Verdi formalizes various network semantics with different faults, and the developer chooses the most appropriate fault model when verifying their implementation. Furthermore, Verdi eases the verification burden by enabling the developer to first verify their system under an idealized fault model, then transfer the resulting correctness guarantees to a more realistic fault model without any additional proof burden. To demonstrate Verdi's utility, we present the first mechanically checked proof of linearizability of the Raft state machine replication algorithm, as well as verified implementations of a primary-backup replication system and a key-value store. These verified systems provide similar performance to unverified equivalents.
On the channel capacity and iterative demapping of generalized 4PAM over AWGN channel (2008)

The concept of generalized 4PAM (G4PAM) is introduced in this paper, where each 4PAM symbol includes one high bit and one low bit with non-uniformly spaced constellation. The channel capacity of G4PAM constrained additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is obtained via numeric calculation, so as these of the high and low bits in terms of independent demapping. Numeric results show that traditional hierarchal G4PAM has worse capacity property, and Gray mapping G4PAM constellation with different hierarchical degree suffers differently due to independent demapping. Further more, since independent demapping results in capacity loss, iterative demapping algorithms for both hard-output and soft-output decoding are presented.
Improved protocols for the selective deprotection of trialkylsilyl ethers using fluorosilicic acid (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved protocols for the selective deprotection of trialkylsilyl ethers using fluorosilicic acidAnthony S. Pilcher and Philip DeShongCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 19, 5130–5134Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00071a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00071a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1875Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Cysteinyl Leukotriene (CysLT) Pathway in Allergic Rhinitis (2005)

The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), leukotriene C4(LTC4), leukotriene D4(LTD4) and leukotriene E4(LTE4) are released in response to specific allergen in nasal secretions from patients with active allergic rhinitis. The symptoms and inflammation of allergic rhinitis can be induced by inhalation of CysLTs. Inflammatory cells from patients with allergic rhinitis express both the synthetic and signaling proteins for the CysLT pathway. CysLTs activate cell migration, in particular eosinophils, endothelial or epithelial cell adhesion and release of cytokines and other oxidative inflammatory mediators. Cytokines may also activate the release of CysLTs from eosinophils and other myeloid cells and also enhance the expression of the CysLT1 receptor creating an inflammatory amplification cycle. Systemic CysLT1 receptor antagonists can reduce the inflammation and symptoms of both allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Structural Ceramic Microlaminates by Electrophoretic Deposition (1992)

Yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/Al 2 O 3 laminar microcomposites with a total of 80 layers, each as thin as ∼2 μm, were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition. Positively charged YSZ or Al 2 O 3 powders were deposited on a cathode, layer by layer from 10 wt% solids/ethanol suspensions. The suspensions were characterized by their rate of deposition as a function of voltage. The deposited samples had a green density of ∼60% of theoretical. The microstructure of the sintered, theoretically dense samples was characterized by optical and electron microscopy, and microindentation was used to explore the mechanical properties.
Activation and inhibition of the micturition reflex by penile afferents in the cat (2008)

Coordination of the urinary bladder and the external urethral sphincter is controlled by descending projections from the pons and is also subject to modulation by segmental afferents. We quantified the effects on the micturition reflex of sensory inputs from genital afferents traveling in the penile component of the somatic pudendal nerve by electrical stimulation of the dorsal nerve of the penis (DNP) in alpha-chloralose anesthetized male cats. Depending on the frequency of stimulation (range, 1-40 Hz), activation of penile afferents either inhibited contractions of the bladder and promoted urine storage or activated the bladder and produced micturition. Stimulation of the DNP at 5-10 Hz inhibited distension-evoked contractions and increased the maximum bladder capacity before incontinence. Conversely, stimulation at 33 and 40 Hz augmented distension-evoked contractions. When the bladder was filled above a threshold volume (70% of the volume necessary for distension-evoked contractions), stimulation at 20-40 Hz activated de novo the micturition reflex and elicited detrusor contractions that increased voiding efficiency compared with distension-evoked voiding. Electrical stimulation of the DNP with a cuff electrode or percutaneous wire electrode produced similar results. The ability to evoke detrusor contractions by activation of the DNP was preserved following acute spinal cord transection. These results demonstrate a clear role of genital afferents in modulating the micturition reflex and suggest the DNP as a potential target for functional restoration of bladder control using electrical stimulation.
Thermal Studies on Hybrid Circuits (1988)

In this paper the temperature distribution in hybrid circuits will be studied in two different ways. First of all the results of numerical simulations obtained with the programs PROMETHEE and HYBRITHERM will be shown. Secondly, experimental temperature plots obtained with infra-red thermography will be compared with the theoretical results. The influence of the substrate material (epoxy, glass, Al2O3, AlN and BeO) on the temperature distribution will be demonstrated. Various ways of cooling will also be considered. It will be shown that using high quality substrates such as AlN or BeO is not always useful from a thermal point of view.
Coulomb effects in a ballistic one-channel S-S-S device (1998)

We develop a theory of Coulomb oscillations in superconducting devices in the limit of small charging energy E C ≪Δ. We consider a small superconducting grain with finite capacitance connected to two superconducting leads by nearly ballistic single-channel quantum point contacts. The temperature is assumed to be very low, so there are no single-particle excitations on the grain. Then the behavior of the system can be described in terms of the quantum mechanics of the superconducting phase on the island. The Josephson energy as a function of this phase has two minima that become degenerate when the phase difference on the leads equals to π, the tunneling amplitude between them being controlled by the gate voltage on the grain. We find the Josephson current and its low-frequency fluctuations, and predict their periodic dependence with period 2e on the induced charge Q x =CV g .
Limitations of quantitative photoacoustic measurements of blood oxygenation in small vessels (2007)

We investigate the feasibility of obtaining accurate quantitative information, such as local blood oxygenation level (sO2), with a spatial resolution of about 50 microm from spectral photoacoustic (PA) measurements. The optical wavelength dependence of the peak values of the PA signals is utilized to obtain the local blood oxygenation level. In our in vitro experimental models, the PA signal amplitude is found to be linearly proportional to the blood optical absorption coefficient when using ultrasonic transducers with central frequencies high enough such that the ultrasonic wavelengths are shorter than the light penetration depth into the blood vessels. For an optical wavelength in the 578-596 nm region, with a transducer central frequency that is above 25 MHz, the sensitivity and accuracy of sO2 inversion is shown to be better than 4%. The effect of the transducer focal position on the accuracy of quantifying blood oxygenation is found to be negligible. In vivo oxygenation measurements of rat skin microvasculature yield results consistent with those from in vitro studies, although factors specific to in vivo measurements, such as the spectral dependence of tissue optical attenuation, dramatically affect the accuracy of sO2 quantification in vivo.
The Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Is Required for the Development of Leukemia Stem Cells in AML (2010)

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are capable of limitless self-renewal and are responsible for the maintenance of leukemia. Because selective eradication of LSCs could offer substantial therapeutic benefit, there is interest in identifying the signaling pathways that control their development. We studied LSCs in mouse models of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) induced either by coexpression of the Hoxa9 and Meis1a oncogenes or by the fusion oncoprotein MLL-AF9. We show that the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is required for self-renewal of LSCs that are derived from either hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) or more differentiated granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMP). Because the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is normally active in HSCs but not in GMP, these results suggest that reactivation of beta-catenin signaling is required for the transformation of progenitor cells by certain oncogenes. beta-catenin is not absolutely required for self-renewal of adult HSCs; thus, targeting the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway may represent a new therapeutic opportunity in AML.
Skin Cancer Identification Using Multifrequency Electrical Impedance—A Potential Screening Tool (2004)

Electrical bio-impedance can be used to assess skin cancers and other cutaneous lesions. The aim of this study was to distinguish skin cancer from benign nevi using multifrequency impedance spectra. Electrical impedance spectra of about 100 skin cancers and 511 benign nevi were measured. Impedance of reference skin was measured ipsi-laterally to the lesions. The impedance relation between lesion and reference skin was used to distinguish the cancers from the nevi. It was found that it is possible to separate malignant melanoma from benign nevi with 75% specificity at 100% sensitivity, and to distinguish nonmelanoma skin cancer from benign nevi with 87% specificity at 100% sensitivity. The power of skin cancer detection using electrical impedance is as good as, or better than, conventional visual screening made by general practitioners.
Measurement of nanomechanical resonant structures in single-crystal silicon (1998)

We have used electron beam lithography to make very small (&amp;lt;30 nm linewidth) mechanical structures in single-crystal silicon. These structures can be driven capacitively by applying a voltage between the suspended portion and the underlying substrate. Optical interference techniques are used to detect and measure the motion of the structures with resonant frequencies above 40 MHz. We employed a design consisting of a square mesh with a 315 nm period, which results in a low mass (∼1×10−13 g) and large relative surface area (10−6 cm2). Also, by making suboptical-wavelength features, the optical properties can be altered, leading to an improved measurement sensitivity. We measured the oscillations at small amplitudes where the detected change in the optical reflection is proportional to the drive amplitude.
Industry Policy in East Asia (1995)

This survey examines the role of industry policy in the industrialisation of East Asian economies since the early 1980s. The first section outlines the neoclassical' model and the interventionist literature that has arisen to challenge it. It distinguishes three strands in this literature: the ‘structuralist’ and the ‘strategic’ trade models and the ‘fair trade’ argument. The following sections evaluate the empirical evidence for Northeast and Southeast Asian economies, discuss the analytical and empirical validity of the interventionist literature and in conclusion draw attention to the diminished relevance of industry policy, given the rapid market‐driven integration taking place in the Asian‐Pacific region.
Proliferation of Human Glioblastoma Stem Cells Occurs Independently of Exogenous Mitogens (2009)

Primary glial tumors of the central nervous system, most commonly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are aggressive lesions with a dismal prognosis. Despite identification and isolation of human brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs), characteristics that distinguish BTSCs from neural stem cells remain to be elucidated. We cultured cells isolated from gliomas, using the neurosphere culture system, to understand their growth requirements. Both CD133(+) and CD133(-) adult GBM BTSCs proliferated in the absence of exogenous mitogenic stimulation and gave rise to multipotent GBM spheres that were capable of self-renewal. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 enhanced GBM BTSC survival, proliferation, and subsequent sphere size. Blockade of EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling reduced exogenous mitogen-independent GBM sphere growth. Implantation of as few as 10 exogenous mitogen-independent GBM BTSCs led to the formation of highly invasive intracranial tumors, which closely resembled human GBMs, in immunocompromised mice. These results demonstrate that exogenous mitogen independence, mediated in part through EGFR signaling, is one characteristic that distinguishes CD133(+) and CD133(-) GBM BTSCs from neural stem cells. This novel experimental system will permit the elucidation of additional constitutively activated mechanisms that promote GBM BTSC survival, self-renewal, and proliferation.
Synthesis, NMR characterization, and electrical properties of siloxane-based polymer electrolytes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, NMR characterization, and electrical properties of siloxane-based polymer electrolytesRalph Spindler and D. F. ShriverCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3, 648–654Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00181a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00181a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views698Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adipocyte differentiation-related protein is secreted into milk as a constituent of milk lipid globule membrane (1996)

Milk lipid globules from humans, cows and rats contained a protein identified as adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP) associated with the globule surface membrane material. This protein, previously believed to be specific to adipocytes, was a major constituent of the globule surface and was present in a detergent-insoluble complex that contained stoichiometric amounts of butyrophilin and xanthine oxidase. Identification of ADRP was by sequence similarity of tryptic peptides from cow and human proteins with the sequence inferred from the cDNA for mouse ADRP. The putative ADRP of lipid globules from cow, human and rat milk was recognized specifically by antisera raised against a peptide synthesized to duplicate the N-terminal 26 residues of the mouse protein. In homogenates of lactating mammary gland, ADRP was found only in endoplasmic reticulum and in lipid droplet fractions. ADRP was modified, apparently post-translationally, and one modification apparently was acylation, primarily with C14, C16 and C18 fatty acids. Two isoelectric variants of ADRP were present in cow globule membrane material. In vitro, ADRP served as a substrate for protein kinases associated with milk lipid globule membrane, but this protein did not seem to become phosphorylated intracellularly.
Correction of mouse ornithine transcarbamytase deficiency by gene transfer into the germ line (1988)

The sparse fur with abnormal skin and hair (Spf-ash) mouse is a model for the human X-linked hereditary disorder, ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. In Spf-ash mice, both OTC mRNA and enzyme activity are 5% of control values resulting in hyperammonemia, pronounced orotic aciduria and an abnormal phenotype characterized by growth retardation and sparse fur. Using microinjection, we introduced a construction containing rat OTC cDNA linked to the SV40 early promoter into fertilized eggs of Spf-ash mice. The expression of the transgene resulted in the development of a transgenic mouse whose phenotype and orotic acid excretion are fully normalized. Thus, the possibility of correcting hereditary enzymatic defect by gene transfer of heterologous cDNA coding for the normal enzyme has been demonstrated.
Analysis of colorectal cancers for human cytomegalovirus presence (2009)

Our observations suggest that there is no evidence of a direct association between HCMV and colorectal cancer. Moreover, the results obtained are not supportive of a causal role of HCMV in the processes of carcinogenesis and/or progression of colorectal cancer. However, the fact that the virus may present a "hit and run" like-mechanism and HCMV can thus only be detectable at a particular stage of a processing adenocarcinoma, suggests that a significant number of colorectal cancers might have been the subject of HCMV infection that could contribute to trigger the oncogenic differentiation. Our analysis does not exclude the possibility of HCMV infection subsequent viral clearance.