gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular and clinical classification of human prion disease (2003)

While rare in humans, the prion diseases have become an area of intense clinical and scientific interest. The recognition that variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by the same prion strain as bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle has dramatically highlighted the need for a precise understanding of the molecular biology of human prion diseases. Detailed clinical, pathological and molecular data from a large number of human prion disease cases have shown that distinct abnormal isoforms of prion protein are associated with prion protein gene polymorphism and neuropathological phenotypes. A molecular classification of human prion diseases seems achievable through characterisation of structural differences of the infectious agent itself.
Effect of amiloride and some of its analogues of cation transport in isolated frog skin and thin lipid membranes. (1976)

The inhibition of short-circuit current (Isc) in isolated frog skin and the induction of surface potentials in lipid bilayer membranes produced by the diuretic drug amiloride and a number of its chemical analogues was studied. The major conclusions of our study are: (a) The charged form of amiloride is the biologically active species. (b) Both the magnitude of Isc and the amiloride inhibitory effect are sensitive to the ionic milieu bathing the isolated skin, and these two features are modulated at separate and distinct regions on the transport site. (c) Amiloride is very specific in its inhibitory interaction with the Na+ transport site since slight structural modifications can result in significant changes in drug effectiveness. We found that substitutions at pyrazine ring position 5 greatly diminish drug activity, while changes at position 6 are less drastic. Alterations in the guanidinium moiety only diminish activity if the result is a change in the spatial orientation of the amino group carrying the positive charge. (d) Amiloride can bind to and alter the charge on membrane surfaces, but this action cannot explain its highly specific effects in biological systems.
Diabetic erythrocytes bearing advanced glycation end products induce vascular dysfunctions (1996)

Vascular dysfunction is one of the major complications in diabetes mellitus. The extended interaction of proteins with aldoses results in non enzymatic glycation, ultimately leading to formation of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs). We previousl
ULTRASTRUCTURAL BASES FOR METABOLICALLY LINKED MECHANICAL ACTIVITY IN MITOCHONDRIA (1966)

By means of a new "quick-sampling" method, micropellets of mouse liver mitochondria were rapidly prepared for electron microscopy during the recording of steady state metabolism. Reversible ultrastructural changes were found to accompany change in metabolic steady states. The most dramatic reversible ultrastructural change occurs when ADP is added to systems in which only phosphate acceptor is deficient, i.e., during the State IV to State III transition as defined by Chance and Williams. After 15 min in State IV, mitochondria display an "orthodox" ultrastructural appearance as is usually observed after fixation within intact tissue. On transition to State III, a dramatic change in the manner of folding of the inner membrane takes place. In addition, the electron opacity of the matrix increases as the volume of the matrix decreases, but total mitochondrial volume does not appear to change during this transition. This conformation is called "condensed." Isolated mitochondria were found to oscillate between the orthodox and condensed conformations during reversible transitions between State III and State IV. Various significant ultrastructural changes in mitochondria also occur during transitions in other functional states, e.g., when substrate or substrate and acceptor is made limiting. Internal structural flexibility is discussed with respect to structural and functional integrity of isolated mitochondria. Reversible changes in the manner of folding of the inner membrane and in the manner of packing of small granules in the matrix as respiration is activated by ADP represent an ultrastructural basis for metabolically linked mechanical activity in tightly coupled mitochondria.
UV Irradiation and Heat Shock Mediate JNK Activation via Alternate Pathways (1995)

To elucidate cellular pathways involved in Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation by different forms of stress, we have compared the effects of UV irradiation, heat shock, and H2O2. Using mouse fibroblast cells (3T3-4A) we show that while H2O2 is ineffective, UV and heat shock (HS) are potent inducers of JNK. The cellular pathways that mediate JNK activation after HS or UV exposure are distinctly different as can be concluded from the following observations: (i) H2O2 is a potent inhibitor of HS-induced but not of UV-induced JNK activation; (ii) Triton X-100-treated cells abolish the ability of UV, but not HS, to activate JNK; (iii) the free radical scavenger N-acetylcysteine inhibits UV- but not HS-mediated JNK activation; (iv) N-acetylcysteine inhibition is blocked by H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner; (v) a Cockayne syndrome-derived cell line exhibits JNK activation upon UV exposure, but not upon HS treatment. The significance of Jun phosphorylation by JNK after treatment with UV, HS, or H2O2 was evaluated by measuring Jun phosphorylation in vivo and also its binding activity in gel shifts. HS and UV, which are potent inducers of JNK, increased the level of c-Jun phosphorylation when this was measured by [32P]orthophosphate labeling of 3T3-4A cultures. H2O2 had no such effect. Although H2O2 failed to activate JNK in vitro and to phosphorylate c-Jun in vivo, all three forms of stress were found to be potent inducers of binding to the AP1 target sequence. Overall, our data indicate that both membrane-associated components and oxidative damage are involved in JNK activation by UV irradiation, whereas HS-mediated JNK activation, which appears to be mitochondrial-related, utilizes cellular sensors.
Ultrasonic Relaxation and Fast Chemical Kinetics of Some Carbohydrate Aqueous Solutions (1997)

Molecular relaxation properties of the monosaccharides (a) d-glucose, (b) methyl β-d-glucopyranoside, (c) methyl α-d-mannopyranoside, (d) d-xylose, (e) d-arabinose, (f) methyl β-d-xylopyranoside, (g) methyl β-d-arabinopyranoside, (h) methyl α-l-(6-deoxy)mannopyranoside, and (i) 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranoside, all in aqueous solution, have been studied using broad band ultrasonic spectrometry in the frequency range 0.2−2000 MHz. Ultrasonic excess absorption with relaxation characteristics near 80 MHz was found for glucose and the methyl glucosides of d-glucose and d-mannose, but no relaxation process was detected for the other monosaccharides in the same frequency range. From structural aspects it is deduced that the most likely process causing the observed relaxation is the rotation of the exocyclic −CH2OH group, placing rotational isomerization on the nanosecond time scale. Relaxation parameters for d-glucose and methyl β-d-glucopyranoside solutions were further investigated as a function of concentration and temperature, in order to confirm the assignment of the relaxation process, and to determine some of its thermodynamic and kinetic parameters.
Akt Plays a Critical Role in Replication of Nonsegmented Negative-Stranded RNA Viruses (2007)

The order Mononegavirales (comprised of nonsegmented negative-stranded RNA viruses or NNSVs) contains many important pathogens. Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), formerly known as simian virus 5, is a prototypical paramyxovirus and encodes a V protein, which has a cysteine-rich C terminus that is conserved among all paramyxoviruses. The V protein of PIV5, like that of many other paramyxoviruses, plays an important role in regulating viral RNA synthesis. In this work, we show that V interacts with Akt, a serine/threonine kinase, also known as protein kinase B. Both pharmacological inhibitors and small interfering RNA against Akt1 reduced PIV5 replication, indicating that Akt plays a critical role in PIV5 replication. Furthermore, treatment with Akt inhibitors also reduced the replication of several other paramyxoviruses, as well as vesicular stomatitis virus, the prototypical rhabdovirus, indicating that Akt may play a more universal role in NNSV replication. The phosphoproteins (P proteins) of NNSVs are essential cofactors for the viral RNA polymerase complex and require heavy phosphorylation for their activity. Inhibition of Akt activity reduced the level of P phosphorylation, suggesting that Akt is involved in regulating viral RNA synthesis. In addition, Akt1 phosphorylated a recombinant P protein of PIV5 purified from bacteria. The finding that Akt plays a critical role in replication of NNSV will lead to a better understanding of how these viruses replicate, as well as novel strategies to treat infectious diseases caused by NNSVs.
Prolonged labour associated with lower expression of syndecan 3 and connexin 43 in human uterine tissue (2006)

The high expression of syndecan 3 and connexin 43 and their co-localization to the smooth muscle bundles during normal labour, together with the significant reduction in prolonged labour, may indicate a role for these proteins in the co-ordination of myometrial contractility.
A set of sum-cosine window functions (1985)

ABSTRACT This paper presents a set of windows, called sum-cosine windows, whose first side-lobe level varies from −39-30 to − 67-66dB, while the peak sidelobe offers −39-30 to − 6312dB attenuation. The asymptotic decay rate of the sidelobe envelope ranges from 12dB per octave to 36dB per octave. However, the main-lobe width of these windows falls in between Hamming and Blackman windows and Black-man windows and the optimum windows, proposed by Harris and Nuttall. The distinct advantage of these windows is their simple form, resulting in easy implementation, compared to the near-optimum windows proposed by Kaiser.
Charge–charge interactions influence the denatured state ensemble and contribute to protein stability (2000)

Several recent studies have shown that it is possible to increase protein stability by improving electrostatic interactions among charged groups on the surface of the folded protein. However, the stability increases are considerably smaller than predicted by a simple Coulomb's law calculation, and in some cases, a charge reversal on the surface leads to a decrease in stability when an increase was predicted. These results suggest that favorable charge-charge interactions are important in determining the denatured state ensemble, and that the free energy of the denatured state may be decreased more than that of the native state by reversing the charge of a side chain. We suggest that when the hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions that stabilize the folded state are disrupted, the unfolded polypeptide chain rearranges to compact conformations with favorable long-range electrostatic interactions. These charge-charge interactions in the denatured state will reduce the net contribution of electrostatic interactions to protein stability and will help determine the denatured state ensemble. To support this idea, we show that the denatured state ensemble of ribonuclease Sa is considerably more compact at pH 7 where favorable charge-charge interactions are possible than at pH 3, where unfavorable electrostatic repulsion among the positive charges causes an expansion of the denatured state ensemble. Further support is provided by studies of the ionic strength dependence of the stability of charge-reversal mutants of ribonuclease Sa. These results may have important implications for the mechanism of protein folding.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty: a developing standard of care for vertebral compression fractures. (2001)

Acrylic cements have been used for the augmentation of weakened or partially destroyed bones for decades [(1)][1]. The term vertebroplasty originally described an open surgical procedure that introduces bone graft or acrylic cement to mechanically augment weakened vertebral bodies.
Essential role of adenosine, adenosine A1 receptors, and ATP-sensitive K+ channels in cerebral ischemic preconditioning. (1995)

Preconditioning with sublethal ischemia protects against neuronal damage after subsequent lethal ischemic insults in hippocampal neurons. A pharmacological approach using agonists and antagonists at the adenosine A1 receptor as well as openers and blockers of ATP-sensitive K+ channels has been combined with an analysis of neuronal death and gene expression of subunits of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, HSP70, c-fos, c-jun, and growth factors. It indicates that the mechanism of ischemic tolerance involves a cascade of events including liberation of adenosine, stimulation of adenosine A1 receptors, and, via these receptors, opening of sulfonylurea-sensitive ATP-sensitive K+ channels.
Collaborative Re-Ranking of Search Results (2000)

In this paper we present a system architecture for coupling user and community profiling to the information search process. The search process and the ranking of relevant documents are accomplished within the context of a particular user or community point of view. The user and community profiles are built by analyzing document collections put together by the users and by the communities to which the users belong. Such profiles are used for ranking the documents retrieved during the search process. In addition, if the search results are (implicitly or explicitly) considered as relevant to the user or community, the user/community profiles can be tuned by re-weighting the profile terms. Both recommender systems and meta-search engines can be enhanced using this kind of collaborative environment for ranking the search results and re-weighting the user and community profiles. Introduction In information retrieval, one principal problem is how to rank the results returned...
Molecular Cloning of Bovine Papillomavirus Genomes and Comparison of Their Sequence Homologies by Heteroduplex Mapping (1982)

The genomic DNAs of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) type 1, type 2 and type 4 were cloned in pAT153. BPV1 and BPV2 genomes were cloned using the single HindIII sites of the vector and virus DNAs, and BPV4 was cloned using the single BamHI sites. The orientation of the recombinant DNAs was established by restriction enzyme digestion, hybridization and heteroduplex analysis. The results showed that: (i) BPV1 and BPV2 DNAs are in register and are broadly homologous throughout most of their length when aligned at their single HindIII sites; (ii) depending on the degree of hybridization stringency used, the two DNAs show one major region and several minor regions of partial homology, mainly residing in the segment of the genomes believed to contain the structural genes; (iii) BPV4 DNA shares no homology with either BPV1 or BPV2 DNA.
Actual Causes of Death in the United States (1993)

Approximately half of all deaths that occurred in 1990 could be attributed to the factors identified. Although no attempt was made to further quantify the impact of these factors on morbidity and quality of life, the public health burden they impose is considerable and offers guidance for shaping health policy priorities.
Leakage current and electrical breakdown in metal-organic chemical vapor deposited TiO2 dielectrics on silicon substrates (1996)

The leakage current through 190 Å TiO2 deposited through metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on p-type silicon substrates has been measured as a function of temperature for both accumulation and inversion biases. When biased into inversion, the current initially is temperature independent, suggesting that the current in this regime is dominated by tunneling. Above 100 °C however it shows standard thermionic emission behavior up to 160 °C where it again becomes temperature independent. The leakage under accumulation bias was independent of temperature up to 70 °C while it shows standard thermionic emission behavior. The barrier for emission was between 0.94 and 1.0 eV for all samples measured. Both ramped voltage and time dependent dielectric breakdown measurements were carried out on these films. The lack of a breakdown event in constant current stress suggests that these films may be extremely robust as gate dielectrics in future metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.
Recommendations: The Federal Depository Library Program and Title 44 (2018)

GODORT’s FDLP / Title 44 Principles are recommendations that seek to strengthen the promise of long-term access to federal information by building on the existing strengths of the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP). These Principles focus on Chapter 19 but also address policy codified in other parts of Title 44, including Chapters 17, 35, and 41.We see the majority of these Principles as supportive of activities authorized under current law, and in many cases already underway as part of existing GPO initiatives. If there is an opportunity to strengthen and clarify these provisions, we believe it is the best interest to do so.
Palindromic adenovirus type 5-simian virus 40 hybrid (1983)

A family of novel adenovirus type 5-simian virus 40 (Ad5-SV40) recombinants (Ad5++D1) whose genomes consist of symmetrically inverted structures was isolated. Particles of Ad5++D1 could contain one of several recombinant genomes that differed incrementally from one another by a full-length copy of linear SV40 DNA. The members of the Ad5++D1 family appeared to be in genetic equilibrium with one another. In all probability this equilibrium was maintained by homologous recombination, resulting in the loss or gain of one or two unit length copies of the SV40 genome. The genome of the most abundant recombinant from consisted of a giant inverted repeat which was some 35,000 nucleotide pairs in length. Beginning from one end, the recombinant genome consisted of 3,534 nucleotides derived from the left end of the adenovirus type 5 genome; these nucleotides were joined to 2.7 copies of SV40 DNA arranged as head-to-tail tandems. This entire structure was then repeated in the opposite orientation, thereby forming a large inverted repeat whose structure was Ad5-SV40-SV40-04VS-04VS-5dA. The population of hybrid genomes was stable and was maintained through serial rounds of infection.
Characterization of translation termination mutations in the spv operon of the Salmonella virulence plasmid pSDL2 (1992)

The spv region of the Salmonella virulence plasmids consists of five genes located on an 8-kb fragment previously shown to be essential for virulence in mice. Four structural genes, spvABCD, form an operon that is transcriptionally activated by the spvR gene product in the stationary phase of growth. The role of the individual spv genes in the virulence phenotype was tested by isolating translation termination linker insertions in each gene. Analysis of proteins synthesized in minicells identified each of the spvABCD gene products and confirmed the dependence of spv structural gene expression on the SpvR regulatory protein. The oligonucleotide insertions in spvA, -B, and -C were shown to be nonpolar. Virulence testing indicated that the SpvB protein, regulated by SpvR, is essential for Salmonella dublin to cause lethal disease in mice. Inserts in spvC and spvD were unstable in vivo for unknown reasons, but these mutants still killed mice at slightly higher inocula. Abolition of spvA had no effect on virulence in this system.
Analysis of plasma damage on phase change memory cells (2004)

Phase change memories based on chalcogenide materials are being studied as an alternative for nonvolatile information storage, because they can become attractive for technology nodes beyond 65 nm due to their intrinsic scalability In this paper we propose a first analysis of plasma damage of phase memory cells, starting from the basic electrical characteristics of storage elements and then including the effects of different selecting devices. Taking into account the architecture of phase change arrays, we will evaluate typical etching conditions and try to understand any possible impact on cell parameters and performances. Finally we will show some electrical results on real devices, integrated in a standard CMOS process in 0.18 /spl mu/m technology.
Least Squares Support Vector Machines (2002)

Support Vector Machines Basic Methods of Least Squares Support Vector Machines Bayesian Inference for LS-SVM Models Robustness Large Scale Problems LS-SVM for Unsupervised Learning LS-SVM for Recurrent Networks and Control.
Absence of mechanical allodynia and Aβ‐fiber sprouting after sciatic nerve injury in mice lacking membrane‐type 5 matrix metalloproteinase (2003)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of endopeptidases that degrade extracellular matrix components. Membrane-type 5 MMP (MT5-MMP/MMP-24) was identified as neuron-specific, and is believed to contribute to neuronal circuit formation and plasticity. To elucidate its function in vivo, we have generated mice lacking MT5-MMP by gene targeting. MT5-MMP-deficient mice were born without obvious morphological abnormalities. No apparent histological defects were observed in the nervous system either. However, MT5-MMP-deficient mice did not develop neuropathic pain with mechanical allodynia after sciatic nerve injury, though responses to acute noxious stimuli were normal. Neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve lesions is known to accompany structural reorganization of the nervous system. Intraneural injection of cholera toxin B subunit, a transganglionic tracer, into the injured sciatic nerve of wild-type mice revealed that the myelinated Abeta-fiber primary afferents sprouted from laminae III-VI of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and invaded lamina II. However, no such sprouting and invasion of Abeta-fibers were observed in MT5-MMP-deficient mice. These findings suggest that MT5-MMP is essential for the development of mechanical allodynia and plays an important role in neuronal plasticity in this mouse model.
Release of Peptide YY by Neurotransmitters and Gut Hormones in the Isolated, Vascularly Perfused Rat Colon (1995)

The hormonal peptide GIP and several transmitters of the nervous enteric system may mediate the release of PYY through the occupation of receptors possibly located at the surface of the colonic L-cells.
Methods of molecular analysis: assessing losses and gains in tumours: Figure 1 (2002)

The study of chromosomal aberrations has facilitated the understanding of tumorigenesis. By applying molecular genetic techniques to regions highlighted by cytogenetic study, many genes important in tumorigenesis have been identified. This review will describe the cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic techniques used to identify these changes. The clinical information that they can provide, including diagnostic and prognostic information, will also briefly be discussed.
Multi-scale superquadric fitting for efficient shape and pose recovery of unknown objects (2013)

Rapidly acquiring the shape and pose information of unknown objects is an essential characteristic of modern robotic systems in order to perform efficient manipulation tasks. In this work, we present a framework for 3D geometric shape recovery and pose estimation from unorganized point cloud data. We propose a low latency multi-scale voxelization strategy that rapidly fits superquadrics to single view 3D point clouds. As a result, we are able to quickly and accurately estimate the shape and pose parameters of relevant objects in a scene. We evaluate our approach on two datasets of common household objects collected using Microsoft's Kinect sensor. We also compare our work to the state of the art and achieve comparable results in less computational time. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.