gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Laser Beam Trajectory on Donor Plate in Laser Induced Thermal Printing Process (2011)

Organic (<TEX>$Alq_3$</TEX>) film, which was coated on a donor plate, was transferred to an organic light emitting diode (OLED) substrate with help of heat generated by a dithering laser beam. The laser beam was diffracted in an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), then focused on the laser-to-heat converting layer of the donor plate; the focused spot followed trajectories guided by rotation of a Galvano-mirror. Three different functional waveforms, sine wave, square wave, and saw tooth wave were applied to the AOM as modulation signal to generate the dithering beam. The fluorescence microscope images of the donor plate showed that the patterns of removed <TEX>$Alq_3$</TEX> film were affected considerably by the modulation waveforms and the phase difference between adjacent dithering beams. Further, the printed images of Alq3 film on the OLED substrate were different from the patterns of removed Alq3 film. Atomic force microscope images indicated that not only direct transfer but also deposition by sublimated vapor of Alq3 contributed to the pattern formation. Printed patterns affected considerably the electricity-to-light conversion characteristics of OLEDs. For uniform transfer, not only the phase relation of dithering beam lines but also adequate waveform were important.
On the nomenclature of the pneumococcal types (1970)

It is proposed to change the Danish nomenclature for 82 types of pneumococci by adding an F to the first established types in 16 groups. This altered nomenclature is recommended as the international system.
Advanced High-Frequency Radio Communications (1997)

From the Publisher:
High frequency (HF) radio is a consistent and critical communications technology for government, civilian, and military institutions throughout the world. Fortified by recent technological advancements, it is rapidly presenting itself as a practical alternative to many satellite systems  providing comparable service that is less expensive and more readily available.

This up-to-date, comprehensive reference and planner's guide presents an in-depth description of automated HF communications, considers the many phenomena that affect HF radio, and offers penetrating insight into new and future HF engineering techniques, including:

? New information on automatic link establishment (ALE) technology
? Advanced variable-transmission rate modems
? Wideband (1 MHz) HF communications services
? Automated HF networks as an extension of the Internet 

Helpful chapter-end examples, 100 illustrations, and 135 equations make this an invaluable guide for communications engineers involved with the manufacture of HF radio and ancillary equipment. The authors draw upon years of experience to offer new approaches for establishing and maintaining an automated HF network, based on industry and governmental standards. In addition, it serves as an excellent tutorial for graduate students and systems-level planners.
A Review of Transmission Electron Microscopy of Quasicrystals—How Are Atoms Arranged? (2016)

Quasicrystals (QCs) possess rotational symmetries forbidden in the conventional crystallography and lack translational symmetries. Their atoms are arranged in an ordered but non-periodic way. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was the right tool to discover such exotic materials and has always been a main technique in their studies since then. It provides the morphological and crystallographic information and images of real atomic arrangements of QCs. In this review, we summarized the achievements of the study of QCs using TEM, providing intriguing structural details of QCs unveiled by TEM analyses. The main findings on the symmetry, local atomic arrangement and chemical order of QCs are illustrated.
Multiscale Histogram of Oriented Gradient Descriptors for Robust Character Recognition (2011)

Characters extracted from images or graphics pose a challenge for traditional character recognition techniques. The high degree of intraclass variation along with the presence of clutter makes accurate recognition difficult, yet the semantic information conveyed by sections of text within images or graphics makes their recognition an important problem. Previous work has shown that, on the two most commonly used datasets of such characters, Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) descriptors have outperformed other methods. In this work we consider two extensions of the HOG descriptor to include features at multiple scales, and evaluate their performance using characters taken from images and graphics. We demonstrate that, by combining pairs of oriented gradients at different scales, it's possible to achieve an increase in performance of 12.4% and 5.6% on the two datasets.
Parity measurement of remote qubits using dispersive coupling and photodetection (2015)

Parity measurement is a key step in many entanglement generation and quantum error correction schemes. We propose a protocol for nondestructive parity measurement of two remote qubits, i.e., macroscopically separated qubits with no direct interaction. The qubits are instead dispersively coupled to separate resonators that radiate to shared photodetectors. The scheme is deterministic in the sense that there is no fundamental upper bound on the success probability. In contrast to previous proposals, our protocol addresses the scenario where number-resolving photodetectors are available but the qubit-resonator coupling is time independent and only dispersive.
Senescent cells expose and secrete an oxidized form of membrane-bound vimentin as revealed by a natural polyreactive antibody (2017)

Studying the phenomenon of cellular senescence has been hindered by the lack of senescence-specific markers. As such, detection of proteins informally associated with senescence accompanies the use of senescence-associated β-galactosidase as a collection of semiselective markers to monitor the presence of senescent cells. To identify novel biomarkers of senescence, we immunized BALB/c mice with senescent mouse lung fibroblasts and screened for antibodies that recognized senescence-associated cell-surface antigens by FACS analysis and a newly developed cell-based ELISA. The majority of antibodies that we isolated, cloned, and sequenced belonged to the IgM isotype of the innate immune system. In-depth characterization of one of these monoclonal, polyreactive natural antibodies, the IgM clone 9H4, revealed its ability to recognize the intermediate filament vimentin. By using 9H4, we observed that senescent primary human fibroblasts express vimentin on their cell surface, and MS analysis revealed a posttranslational modification on cysteine 328 (C328) by the oxidative adduct malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, elevated levels of secreted MDA-modified vimentin were detected in the plasma of aged senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice, which are known to have deregulated reactive oxygen species metabolism and accelerated aging. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that humoral innate immunity may recognize senescent cells by the presence of membrane-bound MDA-vimentin, presumably as part of a senescence eradication mechanism that may become impaired with age and result in senescent cell accumulation.
A Glucose-Controlled Insulin-Delivery System: Semisynthetic Insulin Bound to Lectin (1979)

A stable, biologically active glycosylated insulin derivative that is complementary to the major combining site of concanavalin A has been synthesized. Hormone release is proportional to the quantity of glucose present. Glucose regulation of exogenous insulin delivery could have important applications in the therapy of diabetes mellitus.
Neurotrophins and neurodegeneration (2003)

There is growing evidence that reduced neurotrophic support is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review we discuss the structure and functions of neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor, and the role of these proteins and their tyrosine kinase (Trk) receptors in the aetiology and therapy of such diseases. Neurotrophins regulate development and the maintenance of the vertebrate nervous system. In the mature nervous system they affect neuronal survival and also influence synaptic function and plasticity. The neurotrophins are able to bind to two different receptors: all bind to a common receptor p75NTR, and each also binds to one of a family of Trk receptors. By dimerization of the Trk receptors, and subsequent transphosphorylation of the intracellular kinase domain, signalling pathways are activated. We discuss here the structure and function of the neurotrophins and how they have been, or may be, used therapeutically in AD, PD, Huntington's diseases, ALS and peripheral neuropathy. Neurotrophins are central to many aspects of nervous system function. However they have not truly fulfilled their therapeutic potential in clinical trials because of the difficulties of protein delivery and pharmacokinetics in the nervous system. With the recent elucidation of the structure of the neurotrophins bound to their receptors it will now be possible, using a combination of in silico technology and novel screening techniques, to develop small molecule mimetics with much improved pharmacotherapeutic profiles.
TU‐CD‐BRB‐06: Deciphering Genomic Underpinnings of Quantitative MRI‐Based Radiomic Phenotypes of Invasive Breast Carcinoma (2015)

Purpose: Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) has been routinely used for diagnosis and assessment of breast cancer. Despite its wide applications in clinical practice, the relationship between the observed tumor MRI phenotypes and the genomic mechanism of tumorigenesis remains under‐explored, largely due to lack of data on both imaging and genomics for the same tumors. Methods: We combined data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) and The Cancer Image Archive(TCIA), that included quantitatively extracted MRI phenotypes of 91 breast invasive carcinomas and their multi‐layer genomic data. Gene set enrichment analysis and regression analysis were performed to identify associations between tumor MRI radiomic phenotypes and various genomic and molecular subtypes of tumors. Patient groups defined by radiomic phenotypes and genomic platforms were also associated with tumor pathological stages and molecular receptor status using Fisher's exact test. Results: Significant associations (adjusted p‐values ≤ 0.1) were identified between radiomic phenotypes (characterizing tumor size, shape, margin, enhancement texture, and blood flow kinetics) and genomic features involved in multiple molecular regulation layers (including pathway gene expressions, pathway copy number variations, gene somatic mutations, miRNA expressions, and protein expressions). Transcriptional activities of various genetic pathways were dominantly positively associated with tumor size and blurred tumor margin. miRNA activity significantly associated with tumor size and enhancement textures, but not with phenotypes describing tumor shape, margin, and blood flow kinetics. Patient groups defined by radiomic phenotypes were associated with tumor T stage and overall stage (p‐values ≤ 0.072). Genomic platforms defined patient groups associated with the status of progesterone and estrogen receptors (p‐values ≤ 0.0000427) and pathological stages (p‐values ≤ 0.056). Conclusion: We present these findings as a resource shedding insight on the connection between underlying genetic mechanisms and observed tumor radiomic phenotypes, which forms a basis for future studies using non‐invasive MRI techniques for accurate cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Liver Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Kinase-α2 Catalytic Subunit Is a Key Target for the Control of Hepatic Glucose Production by Adiponectin and Leptin But Not Insulin (2006)

The AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is a serine threonine kinase that functions as a fuel sensor to regulate energy balance at both cellular and whole-body levels. Here we studied how hepatic AMPKalpha2 isoform affects hepatic glucose production and peripheral glucose uptake in vivo. We generated mice deleted for the AMPKalpha2 gene specifically in the liver (liveralpha2KO). Liveralpha2KO mice were glucose intolerant and hyperglycemic in the fasted state. Hyperglycemia was associated with a 50% higher endogenous glucose production than in controls as assessed in vivo. We then investigated whether this increased glucose production was sensitive to insulin. Insulin, when infused at a rate inducing physiological hyperinsulinemia, totally inhibited endogenous glucose production in liveralpha2KO mice, showing that they had normal insulin sensitivity. This was confirmed in vivo by normal insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt and transcriptional regulation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose-6 phosphatase, and pyruvate kinase in liver during the fasted/fed transition. Leptin and adiponectin regulate hepatic glucose production, so we then infused these adipokines into liveralpha2KO mice. Neither of these adipokines regulated hepatic glucose production in mice lacking hepatic AMPKalpha2, whereas both did so in control mice. In conclusion, we show that the hepatic AMPKalpha2 isoform is essential for suppressing hepatic glucose production and maintaining fasting blood glucose levels in the physiological range. We also demonstrate that regulation of hepatic glucose production by leptin and adiponectin, but not insulin, requires hepatic AMPKalpha2 activity.
Identification of L-Methionine- S -Sulfoximine as the Convulsant Isomer of Methionine Sulfoximine (1970)

The convulsant agent methionine sulfoximine inhibits brain glutamine synthetase irreversibly and the inhibitor becomes bound to the active site of the enzyme as methionine sulfoximine phosphate. Only one of the four isomers of methionine sulfoximine, L-methionine-S-sulfoximine, inhibits glutamine synthetase. In the present work, D-methionine-SR-sulfoximine, and highly purified preparations of L-methionine-S-sulfoximine and L-methionine-R-sulfoximine were tested in mice for convulsant activity; only L-methionine-S-sulfoximine produced convulsions. The finding that only one of the four optical isomers of methionine sulfoximine induces convulsions, and that only this same isomer inhibits glutamine synthetase, lends support to the conclusion that these two effects of methionine sulfoximine are closely connected.
Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Gene Delivery—A Review (2017)

With the rapid development of nanotechnology in the recent decade, novel DNA and RNA delivery systems for gene therapy have become available that can be used instead of viral vectors. These non-viral vectors can be made of a variety of materials, including inorganic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, protein and peptide-based nanoparticles, as well as nanoscale polymeric materials. They have as advantages over viral vectors a decreased immune response, and additionally offer flexibility in design, allowing them to be functionalized and targeted to specific sites in a biological system with low cytotoxicity. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of novel nanotechnology-based methods to deliver DNA and small interfering RNAs into biological systems.
Event detection from time series data (1999)

Article Event detection from time series data Share on Authors: Valery Guralnik Department of Computer Science, University of Minnesota Department of Computer Science, University of MinnesotaView Profile , Jaideep Srivastava Department of Computer Science, University of Minnesota Department of Computer Science, University of MinnesotaView Profile Authors Info & Claims KDD '99: Proceedings of the fifth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data miningAugust 1999 Pages 33–42https://doi.org/10.1145/312129.312190Online:01 August 1999Publication History 284citation6,313DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations284Total Downloads6,313Last 12 Months264Last 6 weeks21 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
MPYS, a Novel Membrane Tetraspanner, Is Associated with Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II and Mediates Transduction of Apoptotic Signals (2008)

Although the best-defined function of type II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) is presentation of antigenic peptides to T lymphocytes, these molecules can also transduce signals leading alternatively to cell activation or apoptotic death. MHC-II is a heterodimer of two transmembrane proteins, each containing a short cytoplasmic tail that is dispensable for transduction of death signals. This suggests the function of an undefined MHC-II-associated transducer in signaling the death response. Here we describe a novel plasma membrane tetraspanner (MPYS) that is associated with MHC-II and mediates its transduction of death signals. MPYS is unusual among tetraspanners in containing an extended C-terminal cytoplasmic tail (approximately 140 amino acids) with multiple embedded signaling motifs. MPYS is tyrosine phosphorylated upon MHC-II aggregation and associates with inositol lipid and tyrosine phosphatases. Finally, MHC class II-mediated cell death signaling requires MPYS-dependent activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway.
REPuter: the manifold applications of repeat analysis on a genomic scale (2001)

The repetitive structure of genomic DNA holds many secrets to be discovered. A systematic study of repetitive DNA on a genomic or inter-genomic scale requires extensive algorithmic support. The REPuter program described herein was designed to serve as a fundamental tool in such studies. Efficient and complete detection of various types of repeats is provided together with an evaluation of significance and interactive visualization. This article circumscribes the wide scope of repeat analysis using applications in five different areas of sequence analysis: checking fragment assemblies, searching for low copy repeats, finding unique sequences, comparing gene structures and mapping of cDNA/EST sequences.
Protective immunity induced in mice by immunization with high-molecular-weight polysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1978)

A high-molecular-weight alkali-labile polysaccharide (PS) isolated from the slime of immunotype 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa was tested for its ability to protect mice from lethal challenge with the live, homologous organism. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 10 to 25 microgram of the PS protected 60 to 70% of the mice against challenge with up to 50 50% lethal dose units. Although single immunization of mice with up to 250 microgram of PS effected protective levels of only 70%, two successive immunizations provided 100% protection. Subcutaneous and intravenous immunization with PS also provided protection to i.p. challenges with immunotype 1 P. aeruginosa, but not to i.p. challenge with immunotype 4 P. aeruginosa. Although lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was found to be more immunogenic than PS in out studies, contamination of the alkali-labile PS with LPS did not account for the protection seen. Alkali treatment (0.1 N NaOH, 37 degrees C, 2 h) of the PS destroyed its protective effectiveness, while similarly treated LPS retained its capacity for inducing immunity in mice. Adsorption and passive protection studies with sera raised to either PS or a mixture of PS and LPS indicated that antibody directed to the alkali-labile PS antigen was capable of contributing to the protection of mice against challenge with P. aeruginosa.
Non–cell autonomous toxicity in neurodegenerative disorders: ALS and beyond (2009)

Selective degeneration and death of one or more classes of neurons is the defining feature of human neurodegenerative disease. Although traditionally viewed as diseases mainly affecting the most vulnerable neurons, in most instances of inherited disease the causative genes are widely-usually ubiquitously-expressed. Focusing on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), especially disease caused by dominant mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), we review here the evidence that it is the convergence of damage developed within multiple cell types, including within neighboring nonneuronal supporting cells, which is crucial to neuronal dysfunction. Damage to a specific set of key partner cells as well as to vulnerable neurons may account for the selective susceptibility of neuronal subtypes in many human neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), prion disease, the spinal cerebellar ataxias (SCAs), and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Nucleotide sequence and insertional inactivation of a Bacillus subtilis gene that affects cell division, sporulation, and temperature sensitivity (1989)

Located at 135 degrees on the Bacillus subtilis genetic map are several genes suspected to be involved in cell division and sporulation. Previously isolated mutations mapping at 135 degrees include the tms-12 mutation and mutations in the B. subtilis homologs of the Escherichia coli cell division genes ftsA and ftsZ. Previously, we cloned and sequenced the B. subtilis ftsA and ftsZ genes that are present on an 11-kilobase-pair EcoRI fragment and found that the gene products and organization of these two genes are conserved between the two bacterial species. We have since found that the mutation in the temperature-sensitive filamenting tms-12 mutant maps upstream of the ftsA gene on the same 11-kilobase-pair EcoRI fragment in a gene we designated dds. Sequence analysis of the dds gene and four other open reading frames upstream of ftsA revealed no significant homology to other known genes. It was found that the dds gene is not absolutely essential for viability since the dds gene could be insertionally inactivated. The dds null mutants grew slowly, were filamentous, and exhibited a reduced level of sporulation. Additionally, these mutants were extremely temperature sensitive and were unable to form colonies at 37 degrees C. Another insertion, which resulted in the elimination of 103 C-terminal residues, resulted in a temperature-sensitive phenotype less severe than that in the dds null mutant and similar to that in the known tms-12 mutant. The tms-12 mutation was cloned and sequenced, revealing a nonsense codon that was predicted to result in an amber fragment that was about 65% of the wild-type size (elimination of 93 C-terminal residues).
Immunology and Immunopathology of the Intestines: Molecular Biology and Immunology of Rotavirus Infections (1989)

Rotaviruses were first recognized about 15 years ago in association with diarrhea in children and animals. Since then, rotaviruses have been determined to be the most important viral agent that causes clinically significant diarrhea in children and a need for an effective vaccination program has been recognized. This article reviews the progress which has been made in understanding the molecular biology of rotaviruses and summarizes information on the immune responses to rotavirus infections obtained in a new animal model in rabbits. This model is useful to systematically evaluate active protective immunity following infection of seronegative animals.