gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sheathless elasto-inertial particle focusing and continuous separation in a straight rectangular microchannel (2010)

Particle focusing in planar geometries is essentially required in order to develop cost-effective lab-on-a-chips, such as cell counting and point-of-care (POC) devices. In this study, a novel method for sheathless particle focusing, called "Elasto-Inertial Particle Focusing", was demonstrated in a straight microchannel. The particles were notably aligned along the centerline of the straight channel under a pressure-driven flow without any additional external force or apparatus after the addition of an elasticity enhancer: PEO (poly(ethylene oxide)) (∼O(100) ppm). As theoretically predicted (elasticity number: El≈O(100)), multiple equilibrium positions (centerline and corners) were observed for the viscoelastic flow without inertia, whereas three-dimensional particle focusing only occurred when neither the elasticity nor the inertia was negligible. Therefore, the three-dimensional particle focusing mechanism was attributed to the synergetic combination of the elasticity and the inertia (elasticity number: El≈O(1-10)). Furthermore, from the size dependence of the elastic force upon particles, we demonstrated that a mixture of 5.9 and 2.4 µm particles was separated at the exit of the channel in viscoelastic flows. We expect that this method can contribute to develop the miniaturized flow cytometry and microdevices for cell and particle manipulation.
Preparation and Structures of Crystalline Aromatic Cation-Radical Salts. Triethyloxonium Hexachloroantimonate as a Novel (One-Electron) Oxidant (1998)

Triethyloxonium hexachloroantimonate [Et(3)O(+)SbCl(6)(-)] is a selective oxidant of aromatic donors (ArH), and it allows the facile preparation and isolation of crystalline paramagnetic salts [ArH(+)(*), SbCl(6)(-)] for the X-ray structure determination of various aromatic cation radicals. The mechanistic relationship between the Meerwein salt [Et(3)O(+)SbCl(6)(-)] and the pure Lewis acid oxidant SbCl(5) is based on a prior ethyl transfer from oxygen to chlorine within the ion pair.
Differential Expression of Proteins in Radioresistant and Squamous Carcinoma Cells (1992)

This study will facilitate the characterization of these proteins correlated with the radiation response-specific phenotype.
Properties of ferrocene-polyamide compounds as redox active DNA binding molecules toward the SNPs detection (2004)

Ferrocene-polyamides having not only sequence discrimination ability but also a redox mediator were synthesized. The affinity and selectivity of these compounds for a DNA duplex having a cognate GCG sequence were investigated by CD spectroscopy. Furthermore, the binding of the ferrocene-polyamides to DNA duplexes immobilized to a gold electrode was detected by cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments. The electrochemical studies revealed that the fully matched DNA duplex having a GCG sequence showed the largest electric current, and the introduction of a mismatch site decreased the current significantly. These results suggested the potential of the ferrocene-polyamide compounds as new electrochemical ligands for electrochemical SNPs detection.
Emerging Trends in “Smart Probiotics”: Functional Consideration for the Development of Novel Health and Industrial Applications (2017)

The link between gut microbiota and human health is well-recognized and described. This ultimate impact on the host has contributed to explain the mutual dependence between humans and their gut bacteria. Gut microbiota can be manipulated through passive or active strategies. The former includes diet, lifestyle, and environment, while the latter comprise antibiotics, pre- and probiotics. Historically, conventional probiotic strategies included a phylogenetically limited diversity of bacteria and some yeast strains. However, biotherapeutic strategies evolved in the last years with the advent of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), successfully applied for treating CDI, IBD, and other diseases. Despite the positive outcomes, long-term effects resulting from the uncharacterized nature of FMT are not sufficiently studied. Thus, developing strategies to simulate the FMT, using characterized gut colonizers with identified phylogenetic diversity, may be a promising alternative. As the definition of probiotics states that the microorganism should have beneficial effects on the host, several bacterial species with proven efficacy have been considered next generation probiotics. Non-conventional candidate strains include <i>Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides fragilis</i>, and members of the Clostridia clusters IV, XIVa, and XVIII. However, viable intestinal delivery is one of the current challenges, due to their stringent survival conditions. In this review, we will cover current perspectives on the development and assessment of next generation probiotics and the approaches that industry and stakeholders must consider for a successful outcome.
Serologic analysis of ovarian tumor antigens reveals a bias toward antigens encoded on 17q (2003)

We utilized SEREX immunoscreening to identify a set of novel tumor antigens that are associated with human serous ovarian cancer and may prove useful for the early detection and treatment of this disease. Extensive screening with a panel of sera from 25 late-stage ovarian cancer patients against 3 independent cDNA libraries identified a set of 9 antigens that were immunogenic in more than 1 patient and not in a panel of 20-45 normal female serum donors. These antigens include p53, NY-ESO-1, UBQLN1, HOXB6, TOP2A, putative helicase-RUVBL (RUVBL), HMBA-inducible (HEXIM1), DDX5 and HDCMA. Ten of 25 ovarian cancer patients (40%) expressed serum IgG to at least 1 of these antigens, while 14% (4/25) had antibodies to 2 or more antigens. Unexpectedly, 4 antigens identified in this screen, DDX5, HEXIM1, TOP2A and HOXB6, are encoded within a region of 17q that also includes the genes for HER2/neu, Homeobox-B7 and BRCA1. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that mRNA for HER2/neu and 3 SEREX-defined antigens, TOP2A, HOXB6 and DDX5, was more abundant in ovarian tumors than most normal tissues, including normal and benign ovarian tissues, suggesting that elevated expression of genes encoded within this region of chromosome 17 is a common event in ovarian tumors. Thus, these abnormal expression patterns combined with the endogenous immune response suggests that these antigens represent potential targets for immunotherapy.
Complement dependent cytotoxicity activity of therapeutic antibody fragments is acquired by immunogenic glycan coupling (2012)

Oligosaccharides are implicated in the development of the immune response notably in complement activation. Anti-tumoural immunotherapy by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) offers some advantages to chemotherapy including cell targeting but some of them are inefficient to generate cytotoxicity dependent complement (CDC) known to be important in the antibody's efficacy. The aim of this study is to give a CDC activity of mAb by linkage of a complement activating oligosaccharide to this antibody via a hetero-bifunctional linker allowing control of the conjugation reaction. We worked on non Hodgkin Burkitt's lymphoma as cancer source, Fab fragments of rituximab devoid of complement activity as mAb and the trisaccharide Galα(1→3)Galβ(1→4)GlcNAc as immunogenic glycan. The bioconjugate Fab-Gal was characterized by biochemical methods and we demonstrated that the α-Gal epitope was recognized by seric immunoglobulins. After checking the recognition capacity of the Fab-Gal conjugate for the CD20 epitope, in vitro assays were performed to evaluate the activation of the complement cascade by the Fab-Gal conjugate. The effect of this bioconjugate was confirmed by the evaluation of the proliferation response of Burkitt's cell line. The relative facility realization of this strategy represents new approaches to increase activities of mAbs.
An Efficient Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-3-Trifluoromethyl Phthalide (1985)

Abstract An efficient synthesis of 5 is described. Conversion of bromotoluene 1 to trifluoromethylacetophenone 2 followed by a benzylic oxidation-cyclization protocol afforded the target phthalide 5.
Efflux-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (1993)

Transport processes are used by all organisms to obtain essential nutrients and to expel wastes and other potentially harmful substances from cells. Such processes are important means by which resistance to selected antimicrobial agents in bacteria is achieved. The recently described Staphylococcus aureus norA gene encodes a membrane-associated protein that mediates active efflux of fluoroquinolones from cells. SA-1199B is a fluoroquinolone-resistant strain of S. aureus from which we cloned an allele of norA (norA1199). Similar to that of norA, the protein product of norA1199 preferentially mediates efflux of hydrophilic fluoroquinolones in both S. aureus and an Escherichia coli host, a process driven by the proton motive force. Determination of the nucleotide sequence of norA1199 revealed an encoded 388-amino-acid hydrophobic polypeptide 95% homologous with the norA-encoded protein. Significant homology with other proteins involved in transport processes also exists, but especially with tetracycline efflux proteins and with the Bacillus subtilis Bmr protein that mediates active efflux of structurally unrelated compounds, including fluoroquinolones. In S. aureus, the norA1199-encoded protein also appears to function as a multidrug efflux transporter. Southern hybridization studies indicated that norA1199 (or an allele of it) is a naturally occurring S. aureus gene and that related sequences are present in the S. epidermidis genome. The nucleotide sequence of the wild-type allele of norA1199, cloned from the fluoroquinolone-susceptible parent strain of SA-1199B, did not differ from that of norA1199 throughout the coding region. Northern (RNA) and Southern hybridization studies showed that increased transcription, and not gene amplification, of norA1199 is the basis for fluoroquinolone resistance in SA-1199B.
Cloning the Differences Between Two Complex Genomes (1993)

The analysis of the differences between two complex genomes holds promise for the discovery of infectious agents and probes useful for genetic studies. A system was developed in which subtractive and kinetic enrichment was used to purify restriction endonuclease fragments present in one population of DNA fragments but not in another. Application of this method to DNA populations of reduced complexity ("representations") resulted in the isolation of probes to viral genomes present as single copies in human DNA, and probes that detect polymorphisms between two individuals. In principle, this system, called representational difference analysis (RDA), may also be used for isolating probes linked to sites of genomic rearrangements, whether occurring spontaneously and resulting in genetic disorders or cancer, or programmed during differentiation and development.
Inhibition of platelet adhesion to surfaces of extracorporeal circuits by disintegrins. RGD-containing peptides from viper venoms. (1990)

Previous studies indicate that exposure of fibrinogen receptors associated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex contributes to platelet loss during cardiopulmonary bypass. Recently, we isolated a number of RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp)-containing, low molecular weight, cysteine-rich peptides from viper venoms. These peptides, which we propose to call "disintegrins," block platelet-fibrinogen interaction and platelet aggregation. We compared the effect of RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) and four disintegrins (echistatin, flavoridin, albolabrin, and bitistatin) on platelet behavior in a membrane oxygenator. During simulated extracorporeal circulation for 2 hours, platelet count decreased to about 30% of initial values. Addition of echistatin (60-200 nM), albolabrin (60-200 nM), bitistatin (60 nM), and flavoridin (45 nM) significantly inhibited platelet loss in the circuit. RGDS (33 microM) did not show any significant inhibitory effect. ADP-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited in samples of platelet-rich plasma taken from the circuits containing disintegrins. However, echistatin appeared to be a more potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, whereas albolabrin and flavoridin interfered more selectively with platelet loss from the circuit. Echistatin prevented the accumulation of glycoprotein IIIa on the surface of the circuit. Echistatin (60-200 nM), flavoridin (45 nM), bitistatin (60 nM), and albolabrin (200 nM) significantly inhibited the loss of beta-thromboglobulin from platelets into circulating plasma. Electron microscopy studies demonstrated shape change but not degranulation in platelets circulating in the presence of 200 nM echistatin. On the other hand, this peptide (up to 1,000 nM) did not prevent loss of alpha granules and beta-thromboglobulin from thrombin-stimulated platelets, although it prevented their aggregation. In conclusion, disintegrins protect platelets in the circuit by preventing their adhesion to surfaces and, therefore, preventing fragmentation of adhered platelets under the shear stress of flowing blood. This study indicates that disintegrins may be potential candidates for platelet protection during cardiopulmonary bypass.
ErbB3 downregulation enhances luminal breast tumor response to antiestrogens (2013)

Aberrant regulation of the erythroblastosis oncogene B (ErbB) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their ligands is common in human cancers. ErbB3 is required in luminal mammary epithelial cells (MECs) for growth and survival. Since breast cancer phenotypes may reflect biological traits of the MECs from which they originate, we tested the hypothesis that ErbB3 drives luminal breast cancer growth. We found higher ERBB3 expression and more frequent ERBB3 gene copy gains in luminal A/B breast cancers compared with other breast cancer subtypes. In cell culture, ErbB3 increased growth of luminal breast cancer cells. Targeted depletion of ErbB3 with an anti-ErbB3 antibody decreased 3D colony growth, increased apoptosis, and decreased tumor growth in vivo. Treatment of clinical breast tumors with the antiendocrine drug fulvestrant resulted in increased ErbB3 expression and PI3K/mTOR signaling. Depletion of ErbB3 in fulvestrant-treated tumor cells reduced PI3K/mTOR signaling, thus decreasing tumor cell survival and tumor growth. Fulvestrant treatment increased phosphorylation of all ErbB family RTKs; however, phospho-RTK upregulation was not seen in tumors treated with both fulvestrant and anti-ErbB3. These data indicate that upregulation of ErbB3 in luminal breast cancer cells promotes growth, survival, and resistance to fulvestrant, thus suggesting ErbB3 as a target for breast cancer treatment.
Can patients with COPD or asthma take a beta-blocker (2010)

A: Yes. Treatment with beta-adrenergic receptor blockers decreases the mortality rate in patients with coronary artery disease or heart failure, as well as during the perioperative period in selected patients (eg, those with a history of myocardial infarction, a positive stress test, or current chest pain due to myocardial ischemia). The current evidence supports giving beta-blockers to patients with coronary artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, which lowers the 1-year mortality rate to a degree similar to that in patients without COPD or asthma, and without worsening respiratory function. 1 However, many clinicians still hesitate to start patients with COPD or asthma on a beta-blocker due to the fear of bronchoconstriction. 2 .
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Inverts Protein Kinase A-mediated Regulation of Epithelial Sodium Channel Single Channel Kinetics (1997)

Abnormal regulation of ion channels by members of the ABC transport protein superfamily has been implicated in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and in excessive Na+ absorption by airway epithelia in cystic fibrosis (CF). How ABC proteins regulate ion conductances is unknown, but must generally involve either the number or activity of specific ion channels. Here we report that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is defective in CF, reverses the regulation of the activity of single epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) by cAMP. ENaC expressed alone in fibroblasts responded to activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase with increased open probability (Po) and mean open time, whereas ENaC co-expressed with CFTR exhibited decreased Po and mean open time under conditions optimal for PKA-mediated protein phosphorylation. Thus, CFTR regulates ENaC at the level of single channel gating, by switching the response of single channel Po to cAMP from an increase to a decrease.
Spectroscopic Evaluation and Classification of the Normal, Aging, and Cataractous Lens. (With 1 color plate) (1976)

Fluorescence, UV and visible and EPR spectroscopy studies were performed on normal human lenses ranging in age from 1 day to 92 years and on various cataractous lenses. These experiments revealed two specific age-related fluorescent compounds which develop in the lens nucleus on the basis of a UV-induced free radical tryptophan photo-degradation reaction resulting in an increasing concentration of the fluorogen with age. These fluorogens are responsible for the yellow color of the normal lens nucleus which becomes readily apparent by the second decade of life. The increase in the intensity of the yellow color with age parallels the increase in the 360 nm fluorogen concentration; the 435 nm fluorogen which appears to be a secondary product of the former, is related to the hazel to brown color which becomes manifest in the old lenses. The two fluorogens are markedly elevated in the nuclear (brown) cataracts but remain at normal or below normal levels in the cortical cataracts. A classification of the normal lens and primary cataracts is proposed on the basis of UV and visible light transmission and fluorescence spectroscopy in such lenses.
Emerging strategies for the treatment of atherosclerosis as seen from the patent literature (1993)

Conference Article| August 01 1993 Emerging strategies for the treatment of atherosclerosis as seen from the patent literature Keith E. Suckling Keith E. Suckling 1SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, The Frythe, Welwyn, Herts AL6 9AR, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1993) 21 (3): 660–662. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210660 Article history Received: March 30 1993 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Keith E. Suckling; Emerging strategies for the treatment of atherosclerosis as seen from the patent literature. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1993; 21 (3): 660–662. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210660 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: ACAT, acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase, HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, LDL, low-density lipoprotein This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 Biochemical Society1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Ignavigranum ruoffiae sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens (1999)

Two strains of a hitherto undescribed Gram-positive catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccus isolated from human sources were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated the unknown strains were genealogically identical, and constitute a new line close to, but distinct from, the genera Facklamia and Globicatella. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from Facklamia species and Globicatella sanguinus by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Ignavigranum ruoffiae gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Ignavigranum ruoffiae is CCUG 37658T.
Notch-Mediated Restoration of Regenerative Potential to Aged Muscle (2003)

A hallmark of aging is diminished regenerative potential of tissues, but the mechanism of this decline is unknown. Analysis of injured muscle revealed that, with age, resident precursor cells (satellite cells) had a markedly impaired propensity to proliferate and to produce myoblasts necessary for muscle regeneration. This was due to insufficient up-regulation of the Notch ligand Delta and, thus, diminished activation of Notch in aged, regenerating muscle. Inhibition of Notch impaired regeneration of young muscle, whereas forced activation of Notch restored regenerative potential to old muscle. Thus, Notch signaling is a key determinant of muscle regenerative potential that declines with age.
Perhexiline during exercise training in coronary heart disease (1983)

The effects of low-dose perhexiline on the exercise training response of 22 male patients, 14 after myocardial infarction and 8 after coronary artery bypass who underwent exercise training, were examined. All subjects underwent treadmill exercise testing and resting left ventricular function evaluation by radionuclide ventriculography before and after an 8-wk course of three-times-weekly exercise training. Blood levels of perhexiline confirmed that there was a steady state sufficient for antianginal therapy. There were no side effects. There were improvements in exercise tolerance in treated and placebo groups. There were no significant intergroup differences. Resting left ventricular ejection fraction and end-systolic and diastolic dimensions were not altered. Resting blood pressures were not affected by treatment. There was no evidence of a beta-adrenoceptor-blocking effect. Perhexiline during exercise training did not impair the training response.
Light Hydrocarbon Adsorption Mechanisms in Two Calcium-Based Microporous Metal Organic Frameworks (2016)

The adsorption mechanism of ethane, ethylene, and acetylene (C2Hn; n = 2, 4, 6) on two microporous metal organic frameworks (MOFs) is described here that is consistent with observations from single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, calorimetric measurements, and gas adsorption isotherm measurements. Two calcium-based MOFs, designated as SBMOF-1 and SBMOF-2 (SB: Stony Brook), form three-dimensional frameworks with one-dimensional open channels. As determined from single crystal diffraction experiments, channel geometries of both SBMOF-1 and SBMOF-2 provide multiple adsorption sites for hydrocarbon molecules through C–H···π and C–H···O interactions, similarly to interactions in the molecular and protein crystals. Both materials selectively adsorb C2 hydrocarbon gases over methane as determined with IAST and breakthrough calculations as well as experimental breakthrough measurements, with C2H6/CH4 selectivity as high as 74 in SBMOF-1.
Synthesis and reactions of substituted benzofuro[3,2-b]pyrrole derivatives (1982)

This paper deals with the preparation of ethyl benzofuro[3,2- b ]pyrrole-2-carboxylate, its hydrolysis, N-alkylation, and reduction. Also the synthesis of new heterocyclic systems, benzofuro[3,2- b ]pyrrole and 2 H -dihydrobenzofuro[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2- d ]-1,2,4-triazin-1-one, is described. The structure of 14 new substances was corroborated by IR, UV, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and electron impact mass spectra.