gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure−Property Correlations in Polypropylene from Metallocene Catalysts:  Stereodefective, Regioregular Isotactic Polypropylene (2004)

A series of MAO-activated C(1)-symmetric indenyl-ansa-dithienocyclopentadienyl-based zirconocenes have been used to produce isotactic polypropylenes of medium to high molecular weights, of different degrees of stereoregularity, and free from regioerrors. The effect of the presence of rr defects on the polymorphic behavior and mechanical properties of polypropylene is analyzed. The presence of rr defects induces crystallization of gamma form and of disordered modifications intermediate between alpha and gamma forms. A linear relationship between the amount of gamma form and the average length of isotactic sequences has been found. Samples with low concentration of rr defects, up to 3-4%, present high melting temperatures, in the range 160-130 degrees C, and behave as stiff-plastic materials; sample with higher rr content, in the range 4-6% and melting temperatures around 115-120 degrees C are highly flexible thermoplastic materials, and, finally, samples with concentration of rr defects in the range 7-11% and melting temperatures in the range 80-110 degrees C are thermoplastic elastomers with high strength. The fine-tuning of the chain microstructure, achieved by a tailored design of new metallocene catalysts, has allowed production of new polypropylenes having desired properties, intermediate between those of stiff plastic and elastomeric materials.
Comment on the Joint Academic Stage Board (JASB) Guidance (2006)

Nottingham Trent University is a post-1992 University and has one of the largest full service university law schools in the UK. NTU has approximately 1300 undergraduates on our qualifying law degree programme, who are studying either full-time, part-time or via distance learning. Many of the distance learning students on our UK-based LLB actually live overseas, and we also operate a distance learning LLB degree in conjunction with the Open University Hong Kong. In this article, I will mainly concentrate on the impact of these guidelines on libraries, but will also consider the wider impact on law schools and universities as a whole.
Evolution of subgroup A respiratory syncytial virus: evidence for progressive accumulation of amino acid changes in the attachment protein (1995)

The variability of the attachment (G) proteins of 48 subgroup A isolates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) isolated over 38 years has been examined. Nucleotide sequences of two variable regions of the G protein genes were determined following amplification by PCR. The isolates showed temporal rather than geographical clustering, and there was evidence for progressive accumulation of amino acid changes at an average rate of approximately 0.25% per year estimated over the entire protein. The cocirculation of lineages of RSV at present appears to be the result of a process of evolution and survival of particular genotypes and the extinction of others. Analysis of reactivity of the isolates with monoclonal antibodies showed that their antigenic profiles closely paralleled their relatedness by nucleotide sequence, suggesting that antigenic drift due to immune selection may be occurring.
Extracellular matrix moieties, cytokines, and enzymes: dynamic effects on immune cell behavior and inflammation (2000)

Tissue injury caused by infection or physical damage evokes inflammatory reactions and events that are necessary for regaining homeostasis. Central to these events is the translocation of leukocytes, including monocytes, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes, from the vascular system, through endothelium, and into the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the injured tissue. This transition from the vasculature into the site of inflammation elicits remarkable changes in leukocyte behavior as cells adhere to and migrate across ECM before carrying out their effector functions. Growing evidence suggests that, through its interactions with cytokines and degradative enzymes, the ECM microenvironment has a specialized role in providing intrinsic signals for coordinating leukocyte actions. Recent advances also reveal that enzymatic modifications to ECM moieties and cytokines induce distinctive cellular responses, and are likely part of the mechanism regulating the perpetuation or arrest of inflammation. This article reviews the findings that have elucidated the dynamic relationships among these factors and how they communicate with immune cells during inflammation.
In vitro effects of tiaprofenic acid, sodium salicylate and hydrocortisone on the proteoglycan metabolism of human osteoarthritic cartilage. (1989)

We examined the in vitro effects of therapeutic doses of tiaprofenic acid (26 micrograms/ml; 2.6 micrograms/ml), sodium salicylate (160 micrograms/ml), and hydrocortisone (7.25 micrograms/ml; 0.725 micrograms/ml) on the proteoglycan metabolism (catabolism and synthesis) and chondrocyte ultrastructure of organ explant cultures of human osteoarthritic (OA) articular cartilage. The effect of these drugs on chondrocyte neutral metalloprotease synthesis was also examined. Tiaprofenic acid and the higher concentration of hydrocortisone had a similar suppressive effect on proteoglycan catabolism (38%). The effect of the lower concentration of hydrocortisone was less marked (29%), while sodium salicylate had the least effect (21%). The proteoglycan released in each treated group was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than that of the untreated one. The suppression of proteoglycan catabolism by tiaprofenic acid was reversible in all but one specimen. This reversal was only seen in 4 of the 8 patient specimens treated with sodium salicylate and in 2 of the 8 patient specimens treated with the higher dose of hydrocortisone. The decrease in proteoglycan catabolism induced by these drugs correlated with their potential to reduce synthesis of neutral metalloprotease. The proteoglycan synthesis in cartilage organ explant cultures was reduced by sodium salicylate and hydrocortisone, but not by tiaprofenic acid. These findings were corroborated through an electron microscopic study, showing extensive vesicular dilatation of chondrocytic endoplasmic reticulum seen only in explants treated with hydrocortisone or sodium salicylate. Our data suggests that some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) are able to decrease OA cartilage catabolism. However, caution should be taken since certain NSAID, like salicylate, may also possibly jeopardize the cartilage repair process by inhibiting the proteoglycan synthesis.
Activation of the polyomavirus enhancer by a murine activator protein 1 (AP1) homolog and two contiguous proteins. (1988)

The polyomavirus enhancer is composed of multiple DNA sequence elements serving as binding sites for proteins present in mouse nuclear extracts that activate transcription and DNA replication. We have identified three such proteins and their binding sites and correlate them with enhancer function. Mutation of nucleotide (nt) 5140 in the enhancer alters the binding site (TGACTAA, nt 5139-5145) for polyomavirus enhancer A binding protein 1 (PEA1), a murine homolog of the human transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP1). This mutation simultaneously reduces polyomavirus transcription and DNA replication. Reversion of this mutation simultaneously restores binding of PEA1 and both DNA replication and transcription. Binding of a second protein, PEA2, adjacent to the PEA1 site at nt 5147-5155 is enhanced by PEA1 binding, suggesting that these proteins interact. A third protein, PEA3, binds to the sequence AGGAAG (nt 5133-5138) adjacent to the PEA1 binding site; integrity of this late-proximal PEA3 binding site or an additional early-proximal site (nt 5228-5233) is important for enhancer function. We correlate binding of PEA1 and PEA2 with the induction of a DNase I-hypersensitive site in polyomavirus minichromosomes isolated from mouse fibroblasts.
Rhodium-catalyzed Heck-type reaction of arylboronic acids with α,β-unsaturated esters: tuning β-hydrogen elimination vs. hydrolysis of alkylrhodium species (2003)

The elusive rhodium-catalyzed Heck-type coupling of arylboronic acids with alpha,beta-unsaturated esters is effected using rhodium chloride as catalyst, indicating the hydrolysis of Rh-C bond could be finely tuned by the steric environment around rhodium.
Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 is a parasitized erythrocyte receptor for adherence to CD36, thrombospondin, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. (1996)

Adherence of mature Plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes (PRBCs) to microvascular endothelium contributes directly to acute malaria pathology. We affinity purified molecules from detergent extracts of surface-radioiodinated PRBCs using several endothelial cell receptors known to support PRBC adherence, including CD36, thrombospondin (TSP), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). All three host receptors affinity purified P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), a very large malarial protein expressed on the surface of adherent PRBCs. Binding of PfEMP1 to particular host cell receptors correlated with the binding phenotype of the PRBCs from which PfEMP1 was extracted. Preadsorption of PRBC extracts with anti-PfEMP1 antibodies, CD36, or TSP markedly reduced PfEMP1 binding to CD36 or TSP. Mild trypsinization of intact PRBCs of P. falciparum strains shown to express antigenically different PfEMP1 released different (125)I-labeled tryptic fragments of PfEMP1 that bound specifically to CD36 and TSP. In clone C5 and strain MC, these activities resided on different tryptic fragments, but a single tryptic fragment from clone ItG-ICAM bound to both CD36 and TSP. Hence, the CD36- and TSP-binding domains are distinct entities located on a single PfEMP1 molecule. PfEMP1, the malarial variant antigen on infected erythrocytes, is therefore a receptor for CD36, TSP, and ICAM-1. A therapeutic approach to block or reverse adherence of PRBCs to host cell receptors can now be pursued with the identification of PfEMP1 as a malarial receptor for PRBC adherence to host proteins.
Evolutionary Algorithms (2003)

The basic idea behind evolutionary algorithm is to simulate the natural process of evolution to achieve systems that are able to improve themselves by applying three main genetic operations called recombination, mutation and selection. Through these conceptually simple operations, evolutionary algorithms are able to exhibit very attractive properties such as self-organization, adaptation, optimization and creation. Due to these properties, evolutionary algorithms have been widely applied in the fields ranging from the basic research on biological intelligence such as artificial life [151] to real word applications such as design optimization [181].
Adaptive Wafer Scale Integration (1980)

Based on an in-situ electrical alterable nonvolatile semiconductor memory, the MNOS transistor, an adaptive interconnect is developed to implement wafer-scale integration. Experimental validation of the interconnect is reported. The interconnect concept is further extended to the design of semiconductor mass memory and the design of an adaptive voter to implement fault tolerant systems.
Hyperventilation and Respiratory Alkalosis as Signs of Gram-Negative Bacteremia (1960)

Visible hyperventilation was observed clinically in patients with Gram-negative bacteremia. Eleven patients with Gram-negative infections and either proved or probable bacteremias were therefore studied to see if hyperventilation might be a common response to such bacteremia. In every case there was laboratory evidence of hyperventilation, and in 8 cases the hyperventilation was visible to the observer. Since only patients were studied who had no other cause for increased ventilation, this appears to be a primary response to the bacteremia. In 9 of the 11 patients the admitting diagnosis was incorrect, usually because of absence of fever or leukocytosis. The correct diagnosis was made by the triad of altered sensorium, a source of Gram-negative infection, and either visible hyperventilation or laboratory evidence of respiratory alkalosis.
Attenuation Performance of Four Hearing Protectors under Dynamic Movement and Different User Fitting Conditions (1990)

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of movement activities and alternative fitting procedures on protection levels afforded by four hearing protection devices (HPDs). Psychophysical attenuation measurements at nine one-third-octave bands from 125 to 8000 Hz were obtained prior to, during, and following a 2-hr wearing stint that included periods of either highly kinematic but controlled work activity or vigorous temporomandibular movement. The 40 subjects, who were nonusers of HPDs, initially fit the protectors according to either the instructions on the package (i.e., subject fit) or after receiving interactive training on proper fit (i.e., trained fit). Thereafter no further protector adjustments were allowed during the wearing period. The subject-fit condition resulted in significantly lower protection levels, from 4 to 14 dB, at 1000 Hz and below for a premolded polymer earplug, a user-molded foam earplug, and a double protector consisting of a muff over the foam plug. The muff alone was significantly more resilient to fitting effects on attenuation than were the plugs. Movement activity caused up to a 6-dB significant reduction in frequency-specific attenuation over time for the premolded plug, muff, and muff-plug combination. The compliant foam earplug was largely resistant to either type of movement effect but did benefit more than the other devices from use of the trained-fit procedure. Implications of the results for hearing protector testing protocol, device selection, and user training are discussed.
Ergot alkaloids. Synthesis of nitrosourea derivatives of ergolines as potential anticancer agents (1979)

Nitrosourea derivatives of ergolines have been synthesized for the purpose of obtaining agents with both prolactin-and tumor-inhibitory activity. Two derivatives of 8-amino-6-methylergoline (3), 8-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-1-nitroso-6-methylergoline (5c) and 8-[3-2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-6-methylergoline (5a), have been prepared. In addition, nitroso (7) and chloroethylcarbamyl (8) derivatives of elymoclavine (6) are reported. Compounds 5a and 5c have activity against L1210 leukemia in mice but only moderate prolactin-inhibiting activity. The chloroethylcarbamyl derivative 8 of elymoclavine is a potent prolacting inhibitor.
The Development of SoC Platform for Embedded System Applications (2007)

This paper describes the development of a synthesizable SoC platform using OpenCores processor and WISHBONE On-chip bus. The platform includes a OpenRISC 1200 microprocessor, some basic peripherals, such as on-chip RAM, GPIO, UART, debug interface, VGA controller and WISHBONE bus and uses the set of development environment including compiler, assembler, debugger that is built for system debugging and software development. All of designed SoC and IPs are verified in the various test environment and are prototyped using Xilinx Spartan3 FPGA development board. Also, the platform is implemented to a single chip using Magnachip cell library based on 0.18 1-poly 6- metal technology.
Cleavage beyond the block stage and survival after transfer of early bovine embryos cultured with trophoblastic vesicles (1984)

Early bovine embryos (1- to 8-cell stages) were recovered from superovulated heifers at slaughter on Days 2 or 3. Embryos were cultured for 3-4 days in Medium B2 supplemented with 15% (v/v) fetal calf serum in the absence (B2SS, 106 embryos) or presence of trophoblastic vesicles (B2SS + TV, 190 embryos). At the end of culture, there were more (P less than 0.001) morulae (greater than or equal to 16 cells) in B2SS X TV (46%) than in B2SS alone (18%) irrespective of the initial cell stage. More 8-cell embryos reached the 16-cell stage than did embryos with less than 8 cells (30% vs 15% in B2SS, P greater than 0.05; 70% vs 41% in B2SS + TV, P less than 0.005). After culture, 102 morulae were transferred non-surgically to temporary recipient heifers (84 embryos cultured in B2SS + TV and 18 in B2SS). After 2 or 3 days, 14 out of 58 embryos from the B2SS + TV group and 3 out of 10 embryos from the B2SS group were recovered as blastocysts. Most blastocysts were deep-frozen and stored for several weeks. After thawing, 10 apparently normal embryos from the B2SS + TV group were transferred non-surgically into 10 recipient heifers. Four pregnancies were induced, but only one embryo survived to term (birth of a normal male calf). It is concluded that trophoblastic vesicles release one or several unknown compound(s) normally present in vivo, promoting the cleavage of early bovine embryos.
Bacterial DNA ligases (2001)

DNA ligases join breaks in the phosphodiester backbone of DNA molecules and are used in many essential reactions within the cell. All DNA ligases follow the same reaction mechanism, but they may use either ATP or NAD+ as a cofactor. All Bacteria (eubacteria) contain NAD+-dependent DNA ligases, and the uniqueness of these enzymes to Bacteria makes them an attractive target for novel antibiotics. In addition to their NAD+-dependent enzymes, some Bacteria contain genes for putative ATP-dependent DNA ligases. The requirement for these different isozymes in Bacteria is unknown, but may be related to their utilization in different aspects of DNA metabolism. The putative ATP-dependent DNA ligases found in Bacteria are most closely related to proteins from Archaea and viruses. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that all NAD+-dependent DNA ligases are closely related, but the ATP-dependent enzymes have been acquired by Bacterial genomes on a number of separate occasions.
Structure, Dynamics, and Thermodynamics of Passivated Gold Nanocrystallites and Their Assemblies (1996)

The structure, dynamics, and thermodynamics of gold nanocrystallites passivated by alkylthiolate monolayers were investigated, using molecular dynamics simulations, in different environmentsas isolated gas-phase clusters, when adsorbed on a graphite surface, and when assembled into three-dimensional superlattices. The packing arrangements and densities of the monolayers passivating the facets of the core gold nanocrystallites differ from those found on extended gold surfaces, exhibiting organization into molecular bundles of preferred orientations which upon heating undergo a reversible melting transition from the ordered bundled state to a uniform intermolecular orientational distribution. The equilibrium geometries of adsorbed nanocrystallites depend on the chain length of the passivating molecules which effectively lubricate the interface between the gold core and the graphite surface conferring high surface mobility to the crystallites, involving a collective slip-diffusion mechanism. The room-temperature equilibrium structure of the superlattice made of Au140(C12H25S)62 nanocrystallites is predicted to be tetragonally distorted fcc with enhanced orientational bundling of the passivating molecules along the direction of the tetragonal distortion. The cohesion of the superlattice derives dominantly from the interactions between the interlocking molecular bundles. On the other hand, passivation by shorter chain molecules, Au140(C4H9S)62, results in a room-temperature body-centered cubic superlattice structure, transforming to a fcc lattice at higher temperatures.
Characterization of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Elicited by a Recombinant Adenovirus Serotype 26 HIV-1 Env Vaccine in Healthy Adults (IPCAVD 001) (2012)

NCT00618605.
Infertility, Contraception & Reproductive Endocrinology (1991)

Part 1 Normal endocrinology reproductive endocrinology mechanisms of action of reproductive hormones steroid hormones prostaglandins measurement of hormones the menstrual cycle endometrium in the menstrual cycle oocytes from development to fertilization endocrinology of pregnancy endocrinology of lactation and puerperium puberty endocrinology for breast disease menopause obesity. Part 2 Abnormal endocrinology disorders of sexual differentiation precocious puberty in the female primary amenorrhea secondary amenorrhea hyperprolactinemia/diagnosis and treatment androgen excess polycystic ovary syndrome dysfunctional uterine bleeding premenstrual syndrome/neuroendocrine control of mood and behaviour dynamics of hormone testing reproductive genetics. Part 3 Infertility: evaluation of the infertile couple induction of ovulation postcoital testing the cervical factor as a cause of infertility male factor in infertility hysteosalpingography hysteroscopy and the uterine factor in infertility tubal surgery laparoscopic surgery ectopics, lasers, etc pelvic endometriosis role of immunology in infertility occult genital infection and infertility recurrent abortion luteal phase defects human in vitro fertilization state of the art. Part 4 Contraception contraceptive use and effectiveness oral steroid contraceptives long-acting contraceptive steroids and interception intrauterine devices.
Computer-Assisted Drug Prevention and Treatment Program Evaluation (1993)

Summary Drug addiction research is conducted to monitor the delivery of services, improve the treatment process, increase retention, evaluate the outcomes, and reduce the relapse rate. Efficient information technology facilitates effective program management and credible research. Integrity House, a traditional drug-free therapeutic community with a variety of outpatient programs, maintains several databases (intake information, the clinical file, and the daily activities file). A flat file database program with an integrated word processor is used since it is easy to leam for people with no prior computer experience. Sophisticated statistical analyses are performed by transferring the data to a university mainframe. Database management allows staff to evaluate treatment process, identify trends, and study relationships between residents' characteristics and process variables.
Discovery of a selective inhibitor of oncogenic B-Raf kinase with potent antimelanoma activity (2008)

BRAF(V600E) is the most frequent oncogenic protein kinase mutation known. Furthermore, inhibitors targeting "active" protein kinases have demonstrated significant utility in the therapeutic repertoire against cancer. Therefore, we pursued the development of specific kinase inhibitors targeting B-Raf, and the V600E allele in particular. By using a structure-guided discovery approach, a potent and selective inhibitor of active B-Raf has been discovered. PLX4720, a 7-azaindole derivative that inhibits B-Raf(V600E) with an IC(50) of 13 nM, defines a class of kinase inhibitor with marked selectivity in both biochemical and cellular assays. PLX4720 preferentially inhibits the active B-Raf(V600E) kinase compared with a broad spectrum of other kinases, and potent cytotoxic effects are also exclusive to cells bearing the V600E allele. Consistent with the high degree of selectivity, ERK phosphorylation is potently inhibited by PLX4720 in B-Raf(V600E)-bearing tumor cell lines but not in cells lacking oncogenic B-Raf. In melanoma models, PLX4720 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis exclusively in B-Raf(V600E)-positive cells. In B-Raf(V600E)-dependent tumor xenograft models, orally dosed PLX4720 causes significant tumor growth delays, including tumor regressions, without evidence of toxicity. The work described here represents the entire discovery process, from initial identification through structural and biological studies in animal models to a promising therapeutic for testing in cancer patients bearing B-Raf(V600E)-driven tumors.