gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoids and the gastrointestinal tract (2001)

The enteric nervous system of several species, including the mouse, rat, guinea pig and humans, contains cannabinoid CB1 receptors that depress gastrointestinal motility, mainly by inhibiting ongoing contractile transmitter release. Signs of this depressant effect are, in the whole organism, delayed gastric emptying and inhibition of the transit of non-absorbable markers through the small intestine and, in isolated strips of ileal tissue, inhibition of evoked acetylcholine release, peristalsis, and cholinergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) contractions of longitudinal or circular smooth muscle. These are contractions evoked electrically or by agents that are thought to stimulate contractile transmitter release either in tissue taken from morphine pretreated animals (naloxone) or in unpretreated tissue (gamma-aminobutyric acid and 5-hydroxytryptamine). The inhibitory effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists on gastric emptying and intestinal transit are mediated to some extent by CB1 receptors in the brain as well as by enteric CB1 receptors. Gastric acid secretion is also inhibited in response to CB1 receptor activation, although the detailed underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated. Cannabinoid receptor agonists delay gastric emptying in humans as well as in rodents and probably also inhibit human gastric acid secretion. Cannabinoid pretreatment induces tolerance to the inhibitory effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists on gastrointestinal motility. Findings that the CB1 selective antagonist/inverse agonist SR141716A produces in vivo and in vitro signs of increased motility of rodent small intestine probably reflect the presence in the enteric nervous system of a population of CB1 receptors that are precoupled to their effector mechanisms. SR141716A has been reported not to behave in this manner in the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation (MPLM) of human ileum unless this has first been rendered cannabinoid tolerant. Nor has it been found to induce "withdrawal" contractions in cannabinoid tolerant guinea pig ileal MPLM. Further research is required to investigate the role both of endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonists and of non-CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. The extent to which the effects on gastrointestinal function of cannabinoid receptor agonists or antagonists/inverse agonists can be exploited therapeutically has yet to be investigated as has the extent to which these drugs can provoke unwanted effects in the gastrointestinal tract when used for other therapeutic purposes.
A novel quantitative multiplex NASBA method: application to measuring tissue factor and CD14 mRNA levels in human monocytes (1999)

A new method to quantify two individual mRNAs in a single NASBA reaction is described. In this study, tissue factor and CD14 mRNAs were used as a model System. RNA ratios of −4 to +4 log units were deter-mined with good precision (within 0.3 log) and accuracy (within 0.2 log). By measuring both mRNAs in human monocytes that were stimulated with LPS, the multiplex Q-NASBA proved to be a successful tool to monitor the expression levels of two individual mRNAs in a single-tube amplification System. The method has Potential in all fields in which quantitative information is needed on two individual RNAs.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESES OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE 19‐NORSTEROIDS, (+)‐ESTR‐4‐ENE‐3,17‐DIONE AND (+)‐13BETA‐ETHYLGON‐4‐ENE‐3,17‐DIONE (1975)

Abstract Zunächst werden nach bekannten Verfahren die cyclischen Triketone (I) hergestellt und ′diese mit S‐Prolin zu (II) cyclisiert.
MiRNA in innate immune responses: novel players in wound inflammation (2010)

Chronic wounds represent a major and rising socioeconomic threat affecting over 6.5 million people in the United States costing in excess of US $25 billion annually. Wound healing is a physiological response to injury that is conserved across tissue systems. In humans, wounding is followed by instant response aimed at hemostasis, which in turn provides the foundation for inflammatory processes that closely follow. Inflammation is helpful and a prerequisite for healing as long as it is mounted and resolved in a timely manner. Chronic inflammation derails the healing cascade resulting in impaired wound closure. Disruption of Dicer, the RNase III enzyme that generates functional miRNAs, has a major impact on the overall immune system. Emerging studies indicate that miRNAs, especially miR-21, miR-146a/b, and miR-155, play a key role in regulating several hubs that orchestrate the inflammatory process. Direct evidence from studies addressing wound inflammation being limited, the current work represents a digest of the relevant literature that is aimed at unveiling the potential significance of miRNAs in the regulation of wound inflammation. Such treatment would help establish new paradigms highlighting a central role of miRs in the understanding and management of dysregulated inflammation as noted in conjunction with chronic wounds.
Comprehensive Insight into Human Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases as Autoantigens in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (2007)

Autoantibodies against aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (anti-AARS) belong to the group of the myositis specific autoantibodies (MSAs). Their association with the onset and development of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) implies their participation in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Since the appearing of anti-Jo-1 and other anti-AARSs is related to characteristic immunogenetic and clinical features, they can be considered specific markers in diagnosis and classification of patients affected by IIM. Here, we present an overview of anti-AARSs, their chemoattractant properties, their detection methods, genetic risks, and protective factors.
Open-label, proof-of-concept study of brexanolone in the treatment of severe postpartum depression (2017)

Brexanolone was well tolerated and demonstrated activity in severe PPD. Larger, double-blind trials are needed for further evaluation.
FAP-1 Association with Fas (Apo-1) Inhibits Fas Expression on the Cell Surface (2003)

As revealed by intracellular pools of nonactive Fas (Apo-1), export of Fas to the cell surface is often impaired in human tumors, thereby inactivating Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that association with Fas-associated phosphatase 1 (FAP-1) attenuates Fas export to the cell surface. Forced expression of FAP-1 reduces cell surface Fas levels and increases the intracellular pool of Fas within the cytoskeleton network. Conversely, expression of dominant-negative forms of FAP-1, or inhibition of FAP-1 expression by short interfering RNA, efficiently up-regulates surface expression of Fas. Inhibition of Fas surface expression by FAP-1 depends on its association with the C terminus of Fas. Mutation within amino acid 275 results in decreased association with FAP-1 and greater export of Fas to the cell surface in melanomas, normal fibroblasts, or Fas null cells. Identifying the role of FAP-1 in binding to, and consequently inhibition of, Fas export to the cell surface provides novel insight into the mechanism underlying the regulation of Fas trafficking, which is commonly impaired in advanced tumors with FAP-1 overexpression.
Eculizumab in a Patient with Dense-Deposit Disease (2012)

This letter indicates that in a patient with long-standing dense-deposit disease, a variant of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, eculizumab can be useful in the resolution of the nephrotic syndrome.
Analysis of fMRI data by blind separation into independent spatial components (1998)

Current analytical techniques applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data require a priori knowledge or specific assumptions about the time courses of processes contributing to the measured signals. Here we describe a new method for analyzing fMRI data based on the independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm of Bell and Sejnowski ([1995]: Neural Comput 7:1129-1159). We decomposed eight fMRI data sets from 4 normal subjects performing Stroop color-naming, the Brown and Peterson work/number task, and control tasks into spatially independent components. Each component consisted of voxel values at fixed three-dimensional locations (a component "map"), and a unique associated time course of activation. Given data from 144 time points collected during a 6-min trial, ICA extracted an equal number of spatially independent components. In all eight trials, ICA derived one and only one component with a time course closely matching the time course of 40-sec alternations between experimental and control tasks. The regions of maximum activity in these consistently task-related components generally overlapped active regions detected by standard correlational analysis, but included frontal regions not detected by correlation. Time courses of other ICA components were transiently task-related, quasiperiodic, or slowly varying. By utilizing higher-order statistics to enforce successively stricter criteria for spatial independence between component maps, both the ICA algorithm and a related fourth-order decomposition technique (Comon [1994]: Signal Processing 36:11-20) were superior to principal component analysis (PCA) in determining the spatial and temporal extent of task-related activation. For each subject, the time courses and active regions of the task-related ICA components were consistent across trials and were robust to the addition of simulated noise. Simulated movement artifact and simulated task-related activations added to actual fMRI data were clearly separated by the algorithm. ICA can be used to distinguish between nontask-related signal components, movements, and other artifacts, as well as consistently or transiently task-related fMRI activations, based on only weak assumptions about their spatial distributions and without a priori assumptions about their time courses. ICA appears to be a highly promising method for the analysis of fMRI data from normal and clinical populations, especially for uncovering unpredictable transient patterns of brain activity associated with performance of psychomotor tasks.
Transition Zone Ratio and Prostate‐Specific Antigen Density: The Index of Response of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy to an Alpha Blocker (1996)

TRUS provides simple parameters of PSAD that can be used to predict the response of patients to tamsulosin hydrochloride.
Identification of genes subject to positive selection in uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli : A comparative genomics approach (2006)

Escherichia coli is a model laboratory bacterium, a species that is widely distributed in the environment, as well as a mutualist and pathogen in its human hosts. As such, E. coli represents an attractive organism to study how environment impacts microbial genome structure and function. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) must adapt to life in several microbial communities in the human body, and has a complex life cycle in the bladder when it causes acute or recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Several studies designed to identify virulence factors have focused on genes that are uniquely represented in UPEC strains, whereas the role of genes that are common to all E. coli has received much less attention. Here we describe the complete 5,065,741-bp genome sequence of a UPEC strain recovered from a patient with an acute bladder infection and compare it with six other finished E. coli genome sequences. We searched 3,470 ortholog sets for genes that are under positive selection only in UPEC strains. Our maximum likelihood-based analysis yielded 29 genes involved in various aspects of cell surface structure, DNA metabolism, nutrient acquisition, and UTI. These results were validated by resequencing a subset of the 29 genes in a panel of 50 urinary, periurethral, and rectal E. coli isolates from patients with UTI. These studies outline a computational approach that may be broadly applicable for studying strain-specific adaptation and pathogenesis in other bacteria.
Investigation of high &amp;chi; block copolymers for directed self-asssembly: synthesis and characterization of PS-b-PHOST (2012)

Directed self assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCP) could enable high resolution secondary patterning via pitch multiplication from lower resolution primary lithographic patterns. For example, DSA could enable dense feature production at pitches less than 20 nm from patterns generated using 193 nm exposure tools. According to theory, microphase separation of block copolymers can only occur when the critical condition that &chi;<sup>N</sup>&gt;10.5 is met, where &chi; is the Flory Huggins interaction parameter and N is the total degree of polymerization for the block copolymer. In order to generate smaller DSA pattern pitches, the degree of polymerization of the block copolymer is reduced since this reduces the characteristic length scale for the polymer (e.g. radius of gyration). Thus, as N is reduced, the effect of this reduction on &chi;<sup>N</sup> must be balanced by increasing &chi; to maintain a given level of phase separation. Currently, most DSA work has focused on the use of poly(styrene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) copolymers whose low &chi; value (i.e. ~0.04) limits the practical DSA pitch using such materials to approximately 20nm. The general goal of this work has been to explore new higher &chi; block copolymer systems, develop DSA patterning schemes based on such materials, and test their ultimate pitch resolution. This paper discusses the synthesis and characterization of poly(styrene)-b-poly(hydroxystyrene) (PS-b-PHOST) copolymers made via nitroxide mediated radical polymerization. The formation of lamellar fingerprint structures in PS-b-PHOST using solvent annealing is demonstrated. Using this fingerprint data, initial estimates of &chi; for PS-b-PHOST are made which show that it appears to be at least one order of magnitude larger than the &chi; for PS-b-PMMA . Finally, graphoepitaxy of self-assembled lamellar structures in PS-b-PHOST is demonstrated using SU-8 guiding patterns on cross-linked neutral underlayers.
Introduction of UAG, UAA, and UGA nonsense mutations at a specific site in the Escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene: use in measurement of amber, ochre, and opal suppression in mammalian cells. (1986)

We have used oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis to convert serine codon 27 of the Escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene to UAG, UAA, and UGA nonsense codons. The mutant cat genes, under transcriptional control of the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat, were then introduced into mammalian cells by DNA transfection along with UAG, UAA, and UGA suppressor tRNA genes derived from a human serine tRNA. Assay for CAT enzymatic activity in extracts from such cells allowed us to detect and quantitate nonsense suppression in monkey CV-1 cells and mouse NIH3T3 cells. Using such an assay, we provide the first direct evidence that an opal suppressor tRNA gene is functional in mammalian cells. The pattern of suppression of the three cat nonsense mutations in bacteria suggests that the serine at position 27 of CAT can be replaced by a wide variety of amino acids without loss of enzymatic activity. Thus, these mutant cat genes should be generally useful for the quantitation of suppressor activity of suppressor tRNA genes introduced into cells and possibly for the detection of naturally occurring nonsense suppressors.
Increased survival of rats bearing Morris hepatoma 7800 after induction of hypothyroidism. (1979)

The survival of Buffalo rats brearing Morris Hepatoma 7800 was increased significantly (23 to 31%) after induction of hypothyroidism by propylthiouracil (PTU) (0.1% in Purina rat chow) or 131I. The concentration of PTU used was in the optimal range as 0.03% PTU was less effective than 0.1%, while 0.4% PTU appeared to be toxic. Exogenous thyroxine (8 microgram/kg body weight) reversed the effects of PTU and actually shortened survival. Because food consumption and body weights of hypothyroid rats were decreased, the survival of pair-fed controls was studied and found to be the same as in untreated controls. We conclude that the hypothyroid state increases the survival of rats bearing Morris Hepatoma 7800. We have not yet been able to define any anatomical or biochemical parameters which may be responsible for this effect.
Effect of QW growth temperature on the optical properties of blue and green InGaN/GaN QW structures (2016)

Abstract In this paper we report on the impact that the quantum well growth temperature has on the internal quantum efficiency and carrier recombination dynamics of two sets of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well samples, designed to emit at 460 and 530 nm, in which the indium content of the quantum wells within each sample set was maintained. Measurements of the internal quantum efficiency of each sample set showed a systematic variation, with quantum wells grown at a higher temperature exhibiting higher internal quantum efficiency and this variation was preserved at all excitation power densities. By investigating the carrier dynamics at both 10 K and 300 K we were able to attribute this change in internal quantum efficiency to a decrease in the non‐radiative recombination rate as the QW growth temperature was increased which we attribute to a decrease in incorporation of the point defects. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deadlock avoidance for systolic communication (1988)

Under the systolic communication model, each cell (or processor) in a parallel processing system can operate directly on data residing at the cell's input queues and move computed results directly to the cell's output queues. Incoming and outgoing messages need not be stored in the cell's local memory, if not required by the computation. By avoiding these local memory accesses, systolic communication can achieve high efficiency when executing many systolic algorithms. Though efficient, systolic communication may lead to deadlocks at run time if data arriving at a cell's input queues are improperly ordered. This paper describes the nature of this deadlock problem, gives an abstract formulation of the problem, and provides a deadlock avoidance strategy.
Stilbene derivatives. New class of room temperature nematic liquids (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStilbene derivatives. New class of room temperature nematic liquidsWilliam R. Young, Arieh Aviram, and Robert J. CoxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 11, 3976–3981Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00766a054RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (706 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Optical Coating Technology (2004)

Organized around the key subjects associated with functions of optical thin film performance, this book provides a valuable resource in the field of thin film technology. The information is widely backed up with citations to patents and published literature. Many questions are answered, such as: what are the conventions for a given analysis formalism? and, what other design approaches have been tried for this application? This book represents the experience of Philip Baumeister's 25 years of teaching classes on Optical Thin Film Technology at the UCLA Extension Program, and at companies worldwide.
Identification and genetic analysis of cancer cells with PCR-activated cell sorting (2014)

Cell sorting is a central tool in life science research for analyzing cellular heterogeneity or enriching rare cells out of large populations. Although methods like FACS and FISH-FC can characterize and isolate cells from heterogeneous populations, they are limited by their reliance on antibodies, or the requirement to chemically fix cells. We introduce a new cell sorting technology that robustly sorts based on sequence-specific analysis of cellular nucleic acids. Our approach, PCR-activated cell sorting (PACS), uses TaqMan PCR to detect nucleic acids within single cells and trigger their sorting. With this method, we identified and sorted prostate cancer cells from a heterogeneous population by performing >132 000 simultaneous single-cell TaqMan RT-PCR reactions targeting vimentin mRNA. Following vimentin-positive droplet sorting and downstream analysis of recovered nucleic acids, we found that cancer-specific genomes and transcripts were significantly enriched. Additionally, we demonstrate that PACS can be used to sort and enrich cells via TaqMan PCR reactions targeting single-copy genomic DNA. PACS provides a general new technical capability that expands the application space of cell sorting by enabling sorting based on cellular information not amenable to existing approaches.
A double-blind Study of flupenthixol ('Fluanxol') in general practice (1976)

A double-blind crossover trial was carried out in the general practice to compare the effectiveness of flupenthixol and placebo in 43 patients with mild to moderate anxiety/depression states. Patients received either 0.5 mg flupenthixol or identical placebo tablets 2 to 4-times daily for 2 weeks and were then crossed over to the alternative preparation for a further 2 weeks. A simple 5-point rating scale was used to assess patients' symptoms at first visit and at subsequent follow-up. Even though there was a high placebo response, the results showed flupenthixol to be significantly more effective than placebo in relieving symptoms. Few side-effects were reported and were mild in nature.
Introduction to dynamics (1991)

So far we have considered only the statics of spin glasses. However, the nonergodicity discussed in Sections 3.4 and 3.5 for the SK model suggests that the dynamics of spin glasses is rather unusual, at least below the freezing temperature. One expects transitions over energy barriers between the metastable states discussed in Section 3.5, leading to a new class of very slow relaxation times, some of which become infinite, at least in MFT. In this chapter we introduce the basic models and formal techniques necessary for describing the dynamics of spin glasses, corresponding to what we did for statics in Chapter 2. We focus on Ising systems here, both for the sake of simplicity and because, as we have mentioned, the anisotropic interactions found in most systems which one would expect to be Heisenberg spin glasses make them look rather Ising-like in many of their properties.