gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Salience of Fire Alarm Signals for Sleeping Individuals: A Novel Approach to Signal Design (2004)

Contrary to popular belief, the human brain remains in a very active state during sleep,1 and being asleep is by no means equal to an absence of conscious experience.2 Previous research has shown that participants can produce a behavioural response to auditory stimuli during sleep without necessarily awakening.3 Such responses are elicited more readily during the subjectively lighter stages of sleep compared to the subjectively deeper stages. This is illustrated when we consider that auditory arousal thresholds (AAT’s) normally progressively decline across the night,4 which is commensurate with the declining proportion of time spent in deep sleep as sleep progresses.5 Although the previously cited results describe the norm for many, it is problematic for the designers of alarm signals that AAT research has revealed that there are important individual differences that are likely to affect whether a sleeping person will respond to an auditory signal. These differences are as follows: • Sleepy individuals (defined as sleep latency ≤ 5 minutes), and alert individuals (defined as sleep latency ≥ 10 minutes) who have been deprived of sleep, do not show the usual decline in AAT’s across the night.6
Pressure widgets (2004)

Current user interface widgets typically assume that the input device can only provide x-y position and binary button press information. Other inputs such as the continuous pressure data provided by styluses on tablets are rarely used. We explore the design space of using the continuous pressure sensing capabilities of styluses to operate multi-state widgets. We present the results of a controlled experiment that investigates human ability to perform discrete target selection tasks by varying a stylus' pressure, with full or partial visual feedback. The experiment also considers different techniques for confirming selection once the target is acquired. Based on the experimental results, we discuss implications for the design of pressure sensitive widgets. A taxonomy of pressure widgets is presented, along with a set of initial concept sketches of various pressure widget designs.
ActorSpace: an open distributed programming paradigm (1993)

We present a new programming paradigm called ActorSpace. ActorSpace provides a new communication model based on destination patterns. An actorSpace is a computationally passive container of actors which acts as a context for matching patterns. Patterns are matched against listed attributes of actors and actorSpaces that are visible in the actorSpace. Both visibility and attributes are dynamic. Messages may be sent to one or all members of a group defined by a pattern. The paradigm provides powerful support for component-based construction of massively parallel and distributed applications. In particular, it supports open interfaces to servers and pattern-directed access to software repositories.
Stability of the Transthyretin Molecule as a Key Factor in the Interaction with A-Beta Peptide - Relevance in Alzheimer's Disease (2012)

Transthyretin (TTR) protects against A-Beta toxicity by binding the peptide thus inhibiting its aggregation. Previous work showed different TTR mutations interact differently with A-Beta, with increasing affinities correlating with decreasing amyloidogenecity of the TTR mutant; this did not impact on the levels of inhibition of A-Beta aggregation, as assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Our work aimed at probing differences in binding to A-Beta by WT, T119M and L55P TTR using quantitative assays, and at identifying factors affecting this interaction. We addressed the impact of such factors in TTR ability to degrade A-Beta. Using a dot blot approach with the anti-oligomeric antibody A11, we showed that A-Beta formed oligomers transiently, indicating aggregation and fibril formation, whereas in the presence of WT and T119M TTR the oligomers persisted longer, indicative that these variants avoided further aggregation into fibrils. In contrast, L55PTTR was not able to inhibit oligomerization or to prevent evolution to aggregates and fibrils. Furthermore, apoptosis assessment showed WT and T119M TTR were able to protect against A-Beta toxicity. Because the amyloidogenic potential of TTR is inversely correlated with its stability, the use of drugs able to stabilize TTR tetrameric fold could result in increased TTR/A-Beta binding. Here we showed that iododiflunisal, 3-dinitrophenol, resveratrol, [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)amino] (DCPA) and [4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)] (DFPB) were able to increase TTR binding to A-Beta; however only DCPA and DFPB improved TTR proteolytic activity. Thyroxine, a TTR ligand, did not influence TTR/A-Beta interaction and A-Beta degradation by TTR, whereas RBP, another TTR ligand, not only obstructed the interaction but also inhibited TTR proteolytic activity. Our results showed differences between WT and T119M TTR, and L55PTTR mutant regarding their interaction with A-Beta and prompt the stability of TTR as a key factor in this interaction, which may be relevant in AD pathogenesis and for the design of therapeutic TTR-based therapies.
Force field development and conformational search strategy in the simulation of biomolecular recognition processes (1996)

Conference Article| February 01 1996 Force field development and conformational search strategy in the simulation of biomolecular recognition processes C. Tenette; C. Tenette ∗Section de Biophysique des Protéines et des Membranes, DBCM, CEA, Centre d'Etudes Saclay, 91 191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. C. Smith; J. C. Smith ∗Section de Biophysique des Protéines et des Membranes, DBCM, CEA, Centre d'Etudes Saclay, 91 191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C. M. Topham C. M. Topham †St Luke's Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Chemistry, University College, Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (1): 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240268 Article history Received: August 07 1995 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation C. Tenette, J. C. Smith, C. M. Topham; Force field development and conformational search strategy in the simulation of biomolecular recognition processes. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1996; 24 (1): 268–274. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240268 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: QM, quantum mechanics This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Wavefield Migration plus Monte Carlo Imaging of 3D Prestack Seismic Data (2006)

ABSTRACT Prestack wave‐equation migration has proved to be a very accurate shot‐by‐shot imaging tool. However, 3D imaging with this technique of a large field acquisition, especially one with hundreds of thousands of shots, is prohibitively costly. Simply adapting the technique to migrate many superposed shot‐gathers simultaneously would render 3D wavefield prestack migration cost‐effective but it introduces uncontrolled non‐physical interference among the shot‐gathers, making the final image useless. However, it has been observed that multishot signal interference can be kept under some control by averaging over many such images, if each multishot migration is modified by a random phase encoding of the frequency spectra of the seismic traces. In this article, we analyse this technique, giving a theoretical basis for its observed behaviour: that the error of the image produced by averaging over M phase encoded migrations decreases as M −1 . Furthermore, we expand the technique and define a general class of Monte‐Carlo encoding methods for which the noise variance of the average imaging condition decreases as M −1 ; these methods thus all converge asymptotically to the correct reflectivity map, without generating prohibitive costs. The theoretical asymptotic behaviour is illustrated for three such methods on a 2D test case. Numerical verification in 3D is then presented for one such method implemented with a 3D PSPI extrapolation kernel for two test cases: the SEG–EAGE salt model and a real test constructed from field data.
TNF-&#945; Inhibition as a Treatment Strategy for Neurodegenerative Disorders: New Drug Candidates and Targets (2007)

As the average ages of North Americans and Europeans continue to rise; similarly the incidence of "old age" associated illnesses likewise increases. Most notably among these ailments are conditions linked to dementia-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and stroke. While in the early stages, these conditions are associated with cellular dysfunction in distinctly different brain regions, thus affecting different neuronal cell types; it is most likely that the final stages share similar cellular and molecular processes leading to neuronal death and ultimately overt clinical symptoms. In this regard, different environmental and genetic triggers ranging from head trauma to protein mutations and toxicological exposure may instigate a cascade of intracellular events that ultimately lead to neuronal death. One strong candidate trigger protein, and thus a potential target for therapeutic manipulation is the potent pro-inflammatory / pro-apoptotic cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). TNF-alpha is secreted by the brain resident marcophage (the microglial cell) in response to various stimuli. It has been demonstrated to play a major role in central nervous system (CNS) neuroinflammation-mediated cell death in AD, PD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as well as several other CNS complications. Recently, agents that modulate the levels of circulating peripheral TNF-alpha protein have been shown to be worthwhile therapeutic agents with the use of Enbrel (Etanercept) and Remicade (Infliximab), both of which display beneficial properties against rheumatoid arthritis and other peripheral inflammatory diseases. Unfortunately, these agents are largely unable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, which severely limits their use in the setting of neuroinflammation in the CNS. However, thalidomide, a small molecule drug, can inhibit TNF-alpha protein synthesis and, unlike larger molecules, is readily capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. Thus thalidomide and its analogs are excellent candidate agents for use in determining the potential value of anti-TNF-alpha therapies in a variety of diseases underpinned by inflammation within the nervous system. Consequently, we have chosen to discuss the relevance of unregulated TNF-alpha expression in illnesses of the CNS and, to an extent, the peripheral nervous system. Additionally, we consider the utilization of thalidomide-derived agents as anti-TNF-alpha therapeutics in the setting of neuroinflammation.
Development of a Microchannel In Situ Propellant Production System (2006)

A microchannel‐based system is being developed for NASA to produce propellants from atmospheric CO2 on Mars. This system will provide a means of reducing the earth‐based launch mass for both sample return and human exploration missions. The atmospheric CO2 will be collected, separated, and compressed with a microchannel thermal swing adsorption system. It will be reacted with hydrogen that has either been electrolyzed from the available subsurface water or brought from earth. Methane and water will be produced by using microchannel Sabatier and Reverse Water Gas Shift reactors, respectively. The water will then separated with a microchannel condenser/phase separator and electrolyzed to produce oxygen and hydrogen. Feed gases will be separated from the products and recycled. The system design requirements will be presented in this paper. The design and fabrication methods of the microchannel CO2 sorption pump, reactors, and phase separators will be described, and the advantages of microchannel architecture will be delineated for each component. Estimates of system mass and volume will also be provided in comparison to conventional hardware. The testing and integration proposed during this project to meet NASA’s Technology Readiness Level 5 will also be presented.
Image registration of SPECT and CT images using an external fiduciary band and three-dimensional surface fitting in metastatic thyroid cancer. (1995)

Image registration of 131I SPECT with CT scans was performed in a patient with metastatic thyroid carcinoma using an external fiduciary band and a three-dimensional surface-fitting algorithim. Areas of metastatic disease taking up 131I were accurately localized to the liver, lungs and vertebral bodies; providing information that could not be obtained by planar or SPECT images alone. Based on these findings, further invasive diagnostic procedures were not performed, therefore considerably altering management in this patient. This approach to image registration has immediate clinical utility in the registration and interpretation of SPECT studies with corresponding CT or MRI scans.
Cloning and characterization of the galE locus of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 (1996)

The enzyme UDP-galactose 4-epimerase (GalE) is involved in one of the major steps of galactose metabolism in bacteria. In many cases, GalE is required for the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharide materials such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and capsule. Mutants defective in galE have been shown to exhibit reduced virulence. Here we describe the cloning and characterization of the galE gene from the bovine pathogen Pasteurella haemolytica A1. This was achieved by the complementation of a Salmonella typhimurium galE mutant with a P. haemolytica A1 plasmid bank. Analysis of six clones recovered on minimal media with galactose as the carbon source showed that they all contained the same recombinant plasmid with a 5-kbp DNA insert. The galE-complementing activity was localized to a 2.2-kbp DNA region by subcloning. Biochemical, immunological, and phage sensitivity analyses of the recombinant LPS in S. typhimurium showed that it is essentially identical to that of the wild type. In vivo expression studies showed that a 37-kDa protein is expressed from the complementing plasmids, and the presence of GalE activity was confirmed by an assay for epimerase activity. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned DNA identified the galE gene. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence analysis of P. haemolytica A1 GalE with published data showed high-level homology, 81.6%, with the GalE of Haemophilus influenzae type b. However, the sequences flanking galE do not show similarity with any other gal gene, suggesting that P. haemolytica A1 galE is not linked to the other genes of the gal operon, as is the case for Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and H. influenzae. The separation of galE from the classical gal operon genes was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization studies, and a physical map showing the relative positions of galE, galT, and galK was constructed.
Dynamic Intellectual Property Protection for Reconfigurable Devices (2007)

The distinct advantage of SRAM-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) is their flexibility for configuration changes. However, this opens up the threat of theft of Intellectual Property (IP) since the system configuration is stored in easy-to-access Flash memory. To prevent this, high-end FPGAs have already been extended with symmetric-key decryption engines used to load an encrypted version of the configuration that cannot simply be copied and used without knowledge of the secret key. However, such protection systems based on straightforward use of symmetric cryptography are not well-suited with respect to business and licensing processes, since they are lacking a convenient scheme for key transport and installation. We propose a new protection scheme for the IP of circuits in configuration bit files that provides a significant improvement to the current unsatisfying situation. It uses both public-key and symmetric cryptography, but does not burden FPGAs with the usual overhead of public-key cryptography: While it needs hard-wired symmetric cryptography, the public-key functionality is moved into a temporary configuration bit stream for a one-time setup procedure. This approach requires only very few modifications to current FPGA technology. Using five basic stages, the new protection scheme allows new accounting models for volume licensing of IP, with automated key installation on FPGAs taking place at the customer's site.
Binarized Neural Networks: Training Deep Neural Networks with Weights and Activations Constrained to +1 or -1 (2016)

We introduce a method to train Binarized Neural Networks (BNNs) - neural networks with binary weights and activations at run-time. At training-time the binary weights and activations are used for computing the parameters gradients. During the forward pass, BNNs drastically reduce memory size and accesses, and replace most arithmetic operations with bit-wise operations, which is expected to substantially improve power-efficiency. To validate the effectiveness of BNNs we conduct two sets of experiments on the Torch7 and Theano frameworks. On both, BNNs achieved nearly state-of-the-art results over the MNIST, CIFAR-10 and SVHN datasets. Last but not least, we wrote a binary matrix multiplication GPU kernel with which it is possible to run our MNIST BNN 7 times faster than with an unoptimized GPU kernel, without suffering any loss in classification accuracy. The code for training and running our BNNs is available on-line.
Recent advances of non-fullerene, small molecular acceptors for solution processed bulk heterojunction solar cells (2013)

Organic, planar, and electron deficient small molecules were utilized as acceptors in the first reported bilayer heterojunction solar cells, however, current state-of-the-art organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells utilize fullerene derivatives as acceptor molecules. Recently, intensive efforts have been directed towards the development and understanding of soluble, non-fullerene, organic small molecules to fabricate bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. These efforts have been aimed at overcoming the inherent limitations of fullerene compounds such as the limited spectral breadth, air instability, and the typically higher production costs of fullerenes. In this focused review, we have highlighted the most recent progress over the last couple of years towards developing n-type organic small molecules utilized in BHJ devices in order to provide insight towards improving the overall performance of OPVs.
Nutrition, oral health and the young child (2007)

Oral health is integral to general health and essential to well-being and quality of life. Socio-behavioural and environmental factors play a significant role in oral disease and oral health. Dental caries is a global disease with few populations exempt from its effects. In developing countries, as development increases so does dental caries and children are at the forefront of the disease disadvantage. There is a growing need to identify high caries risk groups accurately to commence prevention from a young age. The effect of early intervention in childhood on general and dental health with both population and high-risk approaches also needs examining. As an educational tool, the paediatric food-based dietary guidelines may play a significant role in nutrition and oral health interventions. This paper provides information on nutrition, including access to fluoride and use of sugar. Oral health concerns, such as early childhood caries, which are important for the young child, are also discussed.
Syntheses and crystal structures of a tridentate enaminone and its copper complex (2005)

Reaction of ferrocenoylacetone [C5H5FeC5H4C(O)CH2C(O)CH3] and 2-aminoethanol yields a new ferrocene-containing ligand (H 2 L) that exists in the form of an enaminone formulated as [C5H5FeC5H4C(O)CH=C(NHCH2CH2OH)CH3]. Reaction of the enaminone H 2 L with copper acetate affords complex 1. X-ray crystallography of 1 reveals that it has a tetrameric structure composed of four CuL subunits linked by bridging alkoxide oxygen atoms in which the enaminone acts as a dianionic tridentate ligand and each of the four copper atoms is in a distorted square-pyramidal coordination environment.
Biosynthesis of branched-chain fatty acids in Bacillus subtilis. A decarboxylase is essential for branched-chain fatty acid synthetase. (1988)

Branched long-chain fatty acids of the iso and anteiso series are synthesized in many bacteria from the branched-chain alpha-keto acids of valine, leucine, and isoleucine after their decarboxylation followed by chain elongation. Two distinct branched-chain alpha-keto acid (BCKA) and pyruvate decarboxylases, which are considered to be responsible for primer synthesis, were detected in, and purified in homogenous form from Bacillus subtilis 168 strain by procedures including ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on ion exchange, reversed-phase, and gel absorption columns. The chemical and catalytic properties of the two decarboxylases were studied in detail. The removal of BCKA decarboxylase, using chromatographic fractionation, from the fatty acid synthetase significantly reduced its activity. The synthetase activity was completely lost upon immunoprecipitation of the decarboxylase. The removal of pyruvate decarboxylase by the above two methods, however, did not affect any activity of the fatty acid synthetase. Thus, BCKA decarboxylase, but not pyruvate decarboxylase, is essential for the synthesis of branched-chain fatty acids. The very high affinity of BCKA decarboxylase toward branched-chain alpha-keto acids is responsible for its function in fatty acid synthesis.