gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (1997)

PSM, a new prostate antigen is valuable as a marker for hematogenous micro-metastatic tumor dissemination as detected in RT-PCR assays of peripheral blood. PSM has many properties that may be potentially useful as a molecular target in monoclonal antibody directed strategies of tumor imaging and therapy.
Localized electronic states around stacking faults in silicon carbide (2001)

We report on a first-principles study of all the structurally different stacking faults that can be introduced by glide along the (0001) basal plane in 3C-, 4H-, and 6H-SiC based on the local-density approximation within the density-functional theory. Our band-structure calculations have revealed that both types of stacking faults in 4H-SiC and two of the three different types of stacking faults in 6H-SiC give rise to quasi-two-dimensional energy band states in the band gap at around 0.2 eV below the lowest conduction band, thus being electrically active in n-type material. Although stacking faults, unlike point defects and surfaces, are not associated with broken or chemically perturbed bonds, we find a strong localization, within roughly 10--15 \AA{} perpendicular to the stacking fault plane, of the stacking fault gap state wave functions. We find that this quantum-well-like feature of certain stacking faults in SiC can be understood in terms of the large conduction-band offsets between the cubic and hexagonal polytypes. Recent experimental results give qualitative support to our results.
Activation of yeast pyruvate carboxylase: interactions between acyl coenzyme A compounds, aspartate, and substrates of the reaction (1983)

Chicken liver pyruvate carboxylase has an absolute requirement for short-chain acyl coenzyme A (CoA), whereas the same enzyme from yeast has less stringent requirements. The yeast enzyme has now been studied in an effort to elucidate the mechanism by which acyl-CoA stimulates pyruvate carboxylase activity. Yeast pyruvate carboxylase has an apparent basal level of activity above which CoA and acyl-CoAs of 2-20 carbons activate; the concentration of acyl-CoA required for half-maximum activation (K0.5) decreases as the chain length of the acyl moiety increases to 16 carbons. Activation of yeast pyruvate carboxylase by acyl-CoA is brought about in part by increasing the affinity of pyruvate carboxylase for two substrates, bicarbonate and pyruvate. The affinity of pyruvate carboxylase for bicarbonate is also increased by potassium ions. The observation of only low levels of activity in the absence of acyl-CoA or potassium ion leads to the conclusion that the basal activity so frequently referred to is probably due to the presence of activating monovalent cations. Pyruvate carboxylase from yeast probably has an absolute requirement for monovalent cations or acyl-CoA with a combination of the two being required for optimum conditions for maximal activity. Stimulation by acyl-CoA and inhibition by aspartate are mutually antagonistic with each affecting the activation or inhibition constant and the degree of cooperativity brought about by the other. The enzyme from liver is unaffected by aspartate.
Lipoteichoic Acids fromLactobacillus johnsoniiStrain La1 andLactobacillus acidophilusStrain La10 Antagonize the Responsiveness of Human Intestinal Epithelial HT29 Cells to Lipopolysaccharide and Gram-Negative Bacteria (2002)

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria in the presence of the soluble form of CD14 (sCD14), a major endotoxin receptor. Since sCD14 is also known to interact with gram-positive bacteria and their components, we looked at whether sCD14 could mediate their effects on human IECs. To this end, we examined the production of proinflammatory cytokines following exposure of the IECs to specific gram-positive bacteria or their lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) in the absence and presence of human milk as a source of sCD14. In contrast to LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella enteritidis, neither the gram-positive bacteria Lactobacillus johnsonii strain La1 and Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La10 nor their LTAs stimulated IECs, even in the presence of sCD14. However, both LTAs inhibited the sCD14-mediated LPS responsiveness of IECs. We have previously hypothesized that sCD14 in human milk is a means by which the neonate gauges the bacterial load in the intestinal lumen and liberates protective proinflammatory cytokines from IECs. The present observations suggest that gram-positive organisms, via their LTAs, temper this response and prevent an exaggerated inflammatory response.
What can be done with an uncalibrated stereo system? (2002)

Over the last several years, there has been an increasing appreciation of the impact of control architecture on the accuracy of visual servoing systems. In particular, it is generally acknowledged that so-called image-based methods provide the highest guarantees of accuracy on inaccurately calibrated hand-eye systems. Less clear is the impact of the control architecture on the set of tasks which the system can perform. In this article, we present a formal analysis of control architectures for hand-eye coordination. Specifically, we first state a formal characterization of what makes a task performable under three possible encoding methods. Then, for the specific case of cameras modeled using projective geometry, we relate this characterization to notions of projective invariance and demonstrate the limits of achievable performance in this regard.
Direct-current substrate bias effects on amorphous silicon sputter-deposited films for thin film transistor fabrication (2005)

The effect that direct current (dc) substrate bias has on radio frequency-sputter-deposited amorphous silicon (a-Si) films has been investigated. The substrate bias produces a denser a-Si film with fewer defects compared to unbiased films. The reduced number of defects results in a higher resistivity because defect-mediated conduction paths are reduced. Thin film transistors (TFTs) that were completely sputter deposited were fabricated and characterized. The TFT with the biased a-Si film showed lower leakage (off-state) current, higher on/off current ratio, and higher transconductance (field effect mobility) than the TFT with the unbiased a-Si film.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (1991)

Today, over a century after the first report on the links between sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), adnexitis, and infertility in women, Noeggerath's finding has become a serious public health problem. The past decade's epidemic of STDs<sup>2</sup>has been accompanied by an epidemic of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).<sup>3</sup>Trailing after the STD-PID epidemic have been epidemics of sequelae, such as infertility, chronic pain, and ectopic pregnancy.<sup>3</sup>These threats to the fecundity of millions of young women can and must be met. This theme issue ofThe Journalpresents modern thinking on PID and its sequelae, as well as research challenges for the future. Pelvic inflammatory disease as a major public health problem is illustrated by Aral and coauthors,<sup>4</sup>who report that one of 10 American women suffers from PID during their reproductive years. As calculated by Washington and Katz,<sup>5</sup>each year, 1 million US women seek
Rapid identification of Mycobacterium avium complex in culture using DNA probes (1987)

A commercial DNA probe procedure for identification of Mycobacterium avium complex isolates was evaluated for accuracy and applicability for use in the clinical laboratory. The test (Gen-Probe Rapid Diagnostic System for Mycobacterium Avium Complex; Gen-Probe Corp., San Diego, Calif.) uses hybridization in solution of two 125I-labeled cDNA probes. One probe is complementary to rRNA from M. avium, and the other is complementary to rRNA from M. intracellulare. Results are expressed as absolute percent hybridization, with values greater than or equal to 10% considered positive. The procedure accurately identified all 134 M. avium complex isolates and concomitantly identified them to species level. There were no false-positives with 66 other mycobacteria, including 22 M. tuberculosis and 18 M. kansasii isolates, or with 8 Nocardia isolates. The mean percent hybridization (+/- the standard deviation) of M. avium probe-positive isolates (94 isolates) was 48.0 +/- 9.9 (range, 11.5 to 72.7); for M. intracellulare (40 isolates), it was 45.7 +/- 8.8 (range, 22.7 to 60.7). Among the 74 non-M. avium complex isolates, the percent hybridization range was 1.0 to 4.2, except for a single value of 9.7 which was less than 5 when the test was repeated. Four M. avium complex isolates reacted positively with both probes on initial testing, and three were confirmed. On repeat testing of subcultures, each reacted with only one probe, suggesting the presence of a mixed culture. The procedure can be completed in as little as 2 h and could easily be performed in most clinical laboratories.
Dexamethasone 21-mesylate: an affinity label of glucocorticoid receptors from rat hepatoma tissue culture cells. (1981)

We recently described the biological properties of an alpha-keto mesylate derivative of cortisol, cortisol-Mes. Cortisol-Mes exhibited long-term antiglucocorticoid activity, but there was no firm evidence that this activity was irreversible or receptor-mediated. Here we report that dexamethasone mesylate (Dex-Mes), which is the alpha-keto mesylate derivative of the more active glucocorticoid dexamethasone, is a candidate for a steroid-specific affinity label of glucocorticoid receptors. Dex-Mes is relatively stable, like cortisol-Mes, but possesses greater whole-cell antiglucocorticoid activity. However, Dex-Mes also possesses partial agonist activity, which is expressed at somewhat higher concentrations of Dex-Mes than the antagonist activity. Dex-Mes is more efficient than cortisol-Mes in competing for dexamethasone binding to glucocorticoid receptors. Furthermore, Dex-Mes is effective at lower concentrations than cortisol-Mes in causing long-term apparently irreversible antiglucocorticoid effects in whole and broken cells. The cell-free effect of Dex-Mes is specifically prevented by coincubation with an excess of cortisol. These facts argue that the apparently irreversible effects of Dex-Mes are steroid mediated. [3H]Dex-Mes has been used to identify a glucocorticoid-specific, covalently labeled fraction on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels with a molecular weight of approximately 85,000. Thus Dex-Mes appears to have been established as an affinity label for glucocorticoid receptors.
Carbonium Ion Salts. VIII. Synthesis of Iodoborates and an Improved Route to Triphenylmethyl Iodide1,2 (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbonium Ion Salts. VIII. Synthesis of Iodoborates and an Improved Route to Triphenylmethyl Iodide1,2Kenneth M. Harmon and Frank E. CummingsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 3, 539–542Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01081a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01081a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Salicylic Acid Peels for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris in Asian Patients (2003)

Salicylic acid peels are an effective and safe therapy for acne vulgaris in Asian patients.
In Vivo Monitoring of Mercury Ions Using a Rhodamine-Based Molecular Probe (2006)

Exposure to mercury causes severe damage to various tissues and organs in humans. Concern over mercury toxicity has encouraged the development of efficient, sensitive, and selective methods for the in vivo detection of mercury. Although a variety of chemosensors have been exploited for this purpose, no in vivo monitoring systems have been described to date. In this report, we describe an irreversible rhodamine chemosensor-based, real-time monitoring system to detect mercury ions in living cells and, in particular, vertebrate organisms. The chemosensor responds rapidly, irreversibly, and stoichiometrically to mercury ions in aqueous media at room temperature. The results of experiments with mammalian cells and zebrafish show that the mercury chemosensor is cell and organism permeable and that it responds selectively to mercury ions over other metal ions. In addition, real-time monitoring of mercury-ion uptake by cells and zebrafish using this chemosensor shows that saturation of mercury-ion uptake occurs within 20−30 min in cells and organisms. Finally, accumulation of mercury ions in zebrafish tissue and organs is readily detected by using this rhodamine-based chemosensor.
Dissociation of a 110-kD peripheral membrane protein from the Golgi apparatus is an early event in brefeldin A action. (1990)

Brefeldin A (BFA) has a profound effect on the structure of the Golgi apparatus, causing Golgi proteins to redistribute into the ER minutes after drug treatment. Here we describe the dissociation of a 110-kD cytoplasmically oriented peripheral membrane protein (Allan, V. J., and T. E. Kreis. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 103:2229-2239) from the Golgi apparatus as an early event in BFA action, preceding other morphologic changes. In contrast, other peripheral membrane proteins of the Golgi apparatus were not released but followed Golgi membrane into the ER during BFA treatment. The 110-kD protein remained widely dispersed throughout the cytoplasm during drug treatment, but upon removal of BFA it reassociated with membranes during reformation of the Golgi apparatus. Although a 30-s exposure to the drug was sufficient to cause the redistribution of the 110-kD protein, removal of the drug after this short exposure resulted in the reassociation of the 110-kD protein and no change in Golgi structure. If cells were exposed to BFA for 1 min or more, however, a portion of the Golgi membrane was committed to move into and out of the ER after removal of the drug. ATP depletion also caused the reversible release of the 110-kD protein, but without Golgi membrane redistribution into the ER. These findings suggest that the interaction between the 110-kD protein and the Golgi apparatus is dynamic and can be perturbed by metabolic changes or the drug BFA.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF 3‐DIALKYLAMINO‐1H,3H‐QUINAZOLINE‐2,4‐DIONES AND DERIVATIVES (1983)

Abstract Die Anthranilsäurederivate ( I) werden mit Phosgen in 2 N HCl oder (wenn R′: ‐Cl) in Dioxan kondensiert und die entstandenen Benzoxazindione (II) über die Säurehydrazide (III) in die Aminochinazolindione (IV) übergeführt (die Cyclokondensation erfolgt in einigen Fällen mit Phosgen, in anderen mit Chlorameisensäureethylester).
Evolving Rule-Based Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2019)

In this paper, an explainable intelligence model that gives the logic behind the decisions unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) makes when it is on a predefined mission and chooses to deviate from its designated path is developed. The explainable model is on a visual platform in the format of if-then rules derived from the Sugeno-type fuzzy inference model. The model is tested using the data recorded from three different missions. In each mission, adverse weather, conditions and enemy locations are introduced at random locations along the path of the mission. There are two phases to the model development. In the first phase, the Mamdani fuzzy model is used to create rules to steer the UAV along the designated mission and the rules of engagement when it encounters weather and enemy locations along and near its chosen mission. The data are gathered as UAV traverses on each mission. In the second phase, the data gathered from these missions are used to create a reverse model using a Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system based on the subtractive clustering in the data. The model has seven inputs (time, x-coordinate, y-coordinate, heading direction, engage in attack, continue mission, and steer UAV) and two outputs (weather conditions and distance from the enemy). This model predicts the outputs regarding the weather conditions and enemy positions whenever UAV deviates from the predefined path. The model is optimized with respect to the number of rules and prediction accuracy by adjusting subtractive clustering parameters. The model is then fine-tuned with ANFIS. The final model has six rules and root mean square error value that is less than 0.05. Furthermore, to check the robustness of the model, the Gaussian random noise is added to a UAV path, and the prediction accuracy is validated.
[Nosologic place of Pierre Marie's disease]. (1989)

Eight patients with Pierre Mary hereditary cerebellar ataxia were followed for several years in four generations of a family. Clinical pictures in those afflicted were stereotype: step-by-step increase of cerebellar and brainstem disorders, reduction of intellect, enforced tendon and periosteal reflexes with extrapyramidal and pelvic disorders absent even in the far developed cases. A strict autosome-dominant type of inheritance was demonstrated with no one generation escaped. Analysis of clinical signs suggests the nosologic separateness of the disease. The issues of its differentiation with several other forms of hereditary disorders are discussed.
Substituted 6-(1-Pyrrolidine)quinolin-2(1H)-ones as Novel Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (2007)

The androgen receptor is a ligand inducible transcription factor that is involved in a broad range of physiological functions. Here we describe the discovery of a new class of orally available selective androgen receptor modulators. The lead compound, 6-[(2R,5R)-2-methyl-5-((R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-4-trifluoromethylquinolin-2(1H)-one (6a), showed excellent anabolic activity in muscle with reduced effect on the prostate in a rat model of hypogonadism. The compound also improved bone strength in a rat model of post-menopausal osteoporosis.
Invoking State Responsibility for Aiding the Commission of International Crimes - Australia, the United States and the Question of East Timor (2001)

This paper discusses the International Law Commission's Draft Articles on State Responsibility ('Draft Articles'), focusing in particular on the International Law Commission's recent adoption of a compromise position, which abandons the international crimes - delicts distinction. The concept of international crimes can be seen as relatively immature; thus its informing legal principles - norms of jus cogens and obligatio erga omnes - are analysed in order to establish a legal framework for the consideration and classification of wrongful acts. The legal conditions imposing responsibility for assisting in the commission of an internationally wrongful act, provided for in art 16 of the Draft Articles are then considered. The paper then applies the legal framework of responsibility to two case studies, both involving East Timor as the injured State and Indonesia as the state directly responsible. Firstly, Australia's complicity in the denial of the East Timorese peoples' right to self-determination through the provision of political assistance to Indonesia is considered. Secondly, an assessment is made of the international responsibility of the United States for the provision of military assistance facilitating Indonesia's act of aggression against the territory of East Timor. The case studies highlight the deficiencies in the formulation of the Draft Articles through an analysis of their operation in practice, rather than at a purely theoretical level. The paper concludes that while the Draft Articles have the potential to make a valuable contribution to the international legal system, its deficiencies must be addressed. If such problems are not remedied, the Draft Articles risk being an ineffective method of protecting fundamental international interests, thereby undermining the international legal order.
Laser-induced breakdown and damage in bulk transparent materials induced by tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses (2001)

Laser-induced breakdown and damage to transparent materials has remained an active area of research for four decades. In this paper we review the basic mechanisms that lead to laser-induced breakdown and damage and present a summary of some open questions in the field. We present a method for measuring the threshold intensity required to produce breakdown and damage in the bulk, as opposed to on the surface, of the material. Using this technique, we measure the material band-gap and laser-wavelength dependence of the threshold intensity for bulk damage using femtosecond laser pulses. Based on these thresholds, we determine the relative role of different nonlinear ionization mechanisms for different laser and material parameters.
Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Stored in Human Platelets and Released by Agonist Stimulation (2002)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family, plays critical roles in the survival, growth, and maintenance of brain and peripheral neurons. We report the presence of BDNF protein in human platelets and its release upon agonist stimulation. The BDNF content of washed platelets varied widely, from 3.5 to 67 ng/4 x 10(8) platelets, averaging 25.2 +/- 21.2 ng/4 x 10(8) platelets (mean+/-SD). The BDNF concentration in platelet-poor plasma was low (1.7+/-1.7 ng/ml, n = 11). Thrombin, collagen, the Ca++ ionophore A23187, and shear stress each induced a rapid release of BDNF from platelets. Up to only half of platelet BDNF was secreted upon agonist stimulation, suggesting that platelets may have a non-releasable pool of BDNF, or that the released BDNF binds to a recognition site on the platelet surface and is internalized, as occurs with serotonin. However, the cognate BDNF receptor, TrkB, was not detected in platelets. Nevertheless, the ability of BDNF to bind washed platelets was shown by FACS analysis confocal microscopy and by the binding and apparent internalization of [125I]-BDNF by platelets. A very high affinity site (Kd = 130 x 10(-15) M, approximately 80 sites/platelet) and a moderately high affinity site (Kd = 20 nM, approximately 3750 sites/platelet) were identified. The BDNF content in two megakaryocytic cell lines, DAMI and Meg-01, was only 0.1% of the content measured in platelets. No BDNF mRNA was detected by Northern blotting in these cell lines or in platelets. The pituitary gland was also ruled out as a source for platelet BDNF, since the BDNF content of rat platelets did not decrease 2 weeks after hypophysectomy. Thus, platelet BDNF is not acquired from the megakaryocyte or pituitary gland, but is probably acquired from other sources via the blood circulation. Platelets appear to bind, store and release BDNF upon activation at the site of traumatic injury to facilitate the repair of peripheral nerves or other tissues that contain TrkB.