gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Trial Evaluating the Clinical Effects of Prolonged Storage of Red Cells (2005)

The clinical consequences of prolonged storage of red cells have not been established. In this pilot study, we evaluated whether it would be feasible to provide a continuous supply of red cells stored <8 days. In addition, we examined the potential benefits attributed to "fresh" as compared to standard red cells in 66 critically ill and cardiac surgical patients. Nine patients were issued red cells but were not transfused. From the 57 remaining patients, the number of units transfused averaged 5.5 +/- 8.43 red cell units in the experimental group compared to 3.3 +/- 3.27 red cell units in the standard group (P = 0.25). The median storage time was 4 days in the experimental group compared to 19 days in the standard group (difference of 15 days; interquartile range of 12-16 days; P < 0.001). Overall, 73% of patients received red cells with storage times that corresponded to the treatment allocation more than 90% of the time. The group receiving red cells <8 days old tended to be older on average (68 +/- 8.54 yr versus 63 +/- 15.30 yr; P = 0.13) and have more comorbid illnesses (85% versus 65%; P = 0.09). In total, 27% of patients in the experimental group died or had a life-threatening complication as compared to 13% in the standard group (P = 0.31). There were no differences in prolonged respiratory, cardiovascular, or renal support after randomization (P > 0.05). A large clinical trial comparing red cell storage times is feasible and warranted given the limited available evidence.
A 12-base-pair DNA motif that is repeated several times in metallothionein gene promoters confers metal regulation to a heterologous gene. (1984)

To define DNA sequences involved in mouse metallothionein-I (MT-I) gene promoter function and metal regulation, we fused the 5' flanking sequences of the MT-I gene to the coding sequences of a viral thymidine kinase (TK) gene. A series of 5' deletion, 3' deletion, linker-scanning, and internal deletion mutants of the MT-I promoter was constructed and assayed by microinjection into mouse eggs. The results indicate that at least two related promoter elements can confer some metal regulation independently. Those mutations that had the most severe effect on regulation impinge on a 12-base-pair conserved sequence that is repeated several times within the mouse MT-I and other MT promoters. To test the regulatory function of this sequence, it was synthesized as a pair of complementary oligonucleotides and inserted into the promoter of the TK gene. A single insertion of this sequence conferred limited metal regulation onto the TK promoter, whereas a construct with two separate inserts was regulated as efficiently as the MT-I promoter.
Endocrine-Therapy-Resistant ESR1 Variants Revealed by Genomic Characterization of Breast-Cancer-Derived Xenografts (2013)

To characterize patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) for functional studies, we made whole-genome comparisons with originating breast cancers representative of the major intrinsic subtypes. Structural and copy number aberrations were found to be retained with high fidelity. However, at the single-nucleotide level, variable numbers of PDX-specific somatic events were documented, although they were only rarely functionally significant. Variant allele frequencies were often preserved in the PDXs, demonstrating that clonal representation can be transplantable. Estrogen-receptor-positive PDXs were associated with ESR1 ligand-binding-domain mutations, gene amplification, or an ESR1/YAP1 translocation. These events produced different endocrine-therapy-response phenotypes in human, cell line, and PDX endocrine-response studies. Hence, deeply sequenced PDX models are an important resource for the search for genome-forward treatment options and capture endocrine-drug-resistance etiologies that are not observed in standard cell lines. The originating tumor genome provides a benchmark for assessing genetic drift and clonal representation after transplantation.
Induction and Catabolite Repression of β-Glucosidase Synthesis in Myceliophthora thermophila D-14 (= ATCC 48104) (1988)

beta-Glucosidase activity in Myceliophthora thermophila D-14 (= ATCC 48104) was inducible and was produced in culture filtrate during growth with various inducers, of which PNPG (p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucoside) was the most efficient. Induction of beta-glucosidase also occurred when the organism was grown in medium supplemented with different carbon sources. Carboxymethyl cellulose, cellobiose, and Solka-Floc were found effective for induction of enzyme biosynthesis. The addition of glucose to the culture medium severely repressed beta-glucosidase synthesis, which could not be reversed by exogenous cyclic AMP or dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
Rapid thermal annealing of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films by intense pulsed light with aid of diiodomethane additive (2018)

Perovskite thin films are thermally annealed using a rapid intense pulsed light technique enabled by an alkyl halide that collectively improves device performance when processed in ambient conditions.
A fast block matching for SIMD processors using subsampling (2002)

A new block matching (BM) algorithm for motion estimation (ME) is introduced in this paper. This algorithm is formed of two different steps: the first step considers, inside the search window, a fewer number of pixels rather than the full search algorithm (FSA); the second step considers a sub-sampled macroblock (MB) for the operations that contribute to determine the mean absolute difference (MAD). The sub-sampling technique is meant to exploit as much as possible the single instruction multiple data (SIMD) technique currently available on the most common general purpose processors. The overall number of operations needed to compute the BM is considerably reduced. The simulations results of the proposed algorithm compared with the conventional methods are given. The proposed technique shows an improvement in terms of number of operations required and for the PSNR and MPQM behavior, for MPEG2 encoded sequences.
[18F]FDOPA PET as an endophenotype for Parkinson's Disease linkage studies (2006)

Parkinson disease (PD) is a late onset disorder with age-dependent penetrance that may confound genetic studies, since affected individuals may not demonstrate clinical manifestations at the time of evaluation. The use of endophenotypes, biologic surrogates for clinical disease diagnoses, may permit more accurate classification of at-risk subjects. Positron emission tomography (PET) measurements of 6-[18F]fluorodopa ([18F]FDOPA) uptake indicate nigrostriatal neuronal integrity and may provide a useful endophenotype for PD linkage studies. We performed [18F]FDOPA PET in 11 members of a large, multi-incident Amish family with PD, 24 normals and 48 people with clinically definite idiopathic PD (PD controls). Clinical diagnoses in the Amish were clinically definite PD in four, clinically probable in one, clinically possible in five, and normal in one. Abnormal [18F]FDOPA posterior putamen uptake was defined as less than 3 standard deviations below the normal mean. The criteria were applied to the Amish sample to determine a PET endophenotype for each. We performed genetic simulations using SLINK to model the effect phenoconversion with the PET endophenotype had on logarithm of odds (LOD) scores. PET endophenotype confirmed the status of two clinically definite subjects. Two clinically definite Amish PD subjects had normal PETs. Two possible PD were converted to "PET definite PD." The remainder had normal PETs. The average maximum LOD score with the pre-PET was 6.14 +/- 0.84. Simulating phenoconversion of subjects with unknown phenotypes increased the LOD score to 7.36 +/- 1.23. The [18F]FDOPA PET endophenotype permits phenoconversion in multi-incident PD families and may increase LOD score accuracy and power of an informative pedigree.
A de novo missense mutation of human cardiac Na+ channel exhibiting novel molecular mechanisms of long QT syndrome (1998)

Mutations in a human cardiac Na+ channel gene (SCN5A) are responsible for chromosome 3-linked congenital long QT syndrome (LQT3). Here we characterized a de novo missense mutation (R1623Q, S4 segment of domain 4) identified in an infant Japanese girl with a severe form of LQT3. When expressed in oocytes, mutant Na+ channels exhibited only minor abnormalities in channel activation, but in contrast to three previously characterized LQT3 mutations, had significantly delayed macroscopic inactivation. Single channel analysis revealed that R1623Q channels have significantly prolonged open times with bursting behavior, suggesting a novel mechanism of pathophysiology in Na+ channel-linked long QT syndrome.
A new electro-optic waveguide architecture and the unprecedented devices it enables (2008)

A new electro-optic waveguide platform, which provides unprecedented electro-optical phase delays (> 1mm), with very low loss (< 0.5 dB/cm) and rapid response time (sub millisecond), is presented. This technology, developed by Vescent Photonics, is based upon a unique liquid-crystal waveguide geometry, which exploits the tremendous electro-optic response of liquid crystals while circumventing historic limitations of liquid crystals. The exceedingly large optical phase delays accessible with this technology enable the design and construction of a new class of previously unrealizable photonic devices. Examples include: a 1-D non-mechanical, analog beamsteerer with an 80&deg; field of regard, a chip-scale widely tunable laser, a chip-scale Fourier transform spectrometer (< 5 nm resolution demonstrated), widely tunable micro-ring resonators, tunable lenses, ultra-low power (< 5 microWatts) optical switches, true optical time delay (up to 10 ns), and many more. All of these devices may benefit from established manufacturing technologies and ultimately may be as inexpensive as a calculator display. Furthermore, this new integrated photonic architecture has applications in a wide array of commercial and defense markets including: remote sensing, micro-LADAR, OCT, laser illumination, phased array radar, optical communications, etc. Performance attributes of several example devices are presented.
The prevention of breast cancer (2003)

Currently, the only agent to have general approval for chemoprevention of breast carcinoma is tamoxifen. Women who derive the greatest benefit in terms of risk reduction from tamoxifen are premenopausal with a 5-year Gail risk factor of more than 1.66 per cent, postmenopausal with a 5-year Gail risk factor of more than 3 per cent, and postmenopausal without a uterus. In these specific subgroups, tamoxifen should be considered for the chemoprevention of breast carcinoma. Raloxifene, retinoids, aromatase inhibitors and cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors require further clinical investigation before adoption in this context. Surgical intervention should largely be limited to those women who have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.
Expression, purification, and properties of recombinant encephalomyocarditis virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (1991)

Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST), which allowed easy purification of the fusion protein by affinity chromatography on immobilized glutathione. Inclusion of a thrombin cleavage site between the GST carrier and the viral enzyme facilitated the release of purified mature EMC virus RNA polymerase from the GST carrier by proteolysis with thrombin. The purified recombinant enzyme has a molecular mass of about 52 kDa and is recognized by polyclonal immune serum raised against a peptide sequence corresponding to the C-terminal region of the protein. The recombinant enzyme comigrates with immunoprecipitated EMC virus RNA polymerase from infected mouse L929 cell extracts when run in parallel lanes on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. The enzyme exhibits rifampin-resistant, poly(A)-dependent poly(U) polymerase activity and RNA polymerase activity, which are both oligo(U) dependent. Template-size products are synthesized in in vitro reactions with EMC virus genomic RNA or globin mRNA. The availability of recombinant EMC virus RNA polymerase in a purified form will allow biochemical analysis of its role in the replication of the virus as well as structure-function studies of this unique class of enzyme.
Estimation of saturated pixel values in digital color imaging (2004)

Pixel saturation, in which the incident light at a pixel causes one of the color channels of the camera sensor to respond at its maximum value, can produce undesirable artifacts in digital color images. We present a Bayesian algorithm that estimates what the saturated channel's value would have been in the absence of saturation. The algorithm uses the nonsaturated responses from the other color channels, together with a multivariate normal prior that captures the correlation in response across color channels. The prior may be estimated directly from the image data, since most image pixels are not saturated. Given the prior and the responses of the nonsaturated channels, the algorithm returns the optimal expected mean square estimate for the true response. Extensions of the algorithm to the case in which more than one channel is saturated are also discussed. Both simulations and examples with real images are presented to show that the algorithm is effective.
Immunophenotypic analysis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (1997)

One hundred and three cases of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were evaluated immunohistochemically using a panel of monoclonal antibodies which includes leucocyte common antigen (LCA), CD45R (Pan-B marker), L-26 (CD 20-Pan-B marker) and UCHL-1 (Pan-T marker). Of the total 63 cases (61.17%) showed a B-cell phenotype while 40 (38.83%) were of T-cell origin. Most B-cell neoplasms belonged to intermediate (79.36%) or high grade (15.87%) according to the International Working Formulation (WF). Most T-cell lymphomas were of either intermediate (52.5%) or high grade (32.5%) neoplasms. Some T-cell neoplasms presented as specific clinicopathological entities like lymphomatoid granulomatosis (2 cases), mycosis fungoides (1 case) and AILD type NHL (1 case). In 27 cases the immunostaining pattern of two. Pan-B markers i.e., L26 and CD45R was compared. L26 staining was expressed in all 27 cases (100% sensitivity) while CD45R showed positive reaction in 22 cases (82% sensitivity). UCHL-1 is proved to be a sensitive and lineage specific T-cell marker and in 67% cases the staining pattern was moderate (+2) to intense (+3). The mean age for the B-cell lymphomas was 49 years and 36 years in T-cell neoplasm. Male to female ratio in both types of lymphomas was 2:1. The study indicates a high prevalence of T-cell when comparing the data from western countries and lower to those from Japan and Caribbean countries.
Validation of numerical flow simulations againstin vitrophantom measurements in different type B aortic dissection scenarios (2013)

An aortic dissection (AD) is a serious condition defined by the splitting of the arterial wall, thus generating a secondary lumen [the false lumen (FL)]. Its management, treatment and follow-up are clinical challenges due to the progressive aortic dilatation and potentially severe complications during follow-up. It is well known that the direction and rate of dilatation of the artery wall depend on haemodynamic parameters such as the local velocity profiles, intra-luminal pressures and resultant wall stresses. These factors act on the FL and true lumen, triggering remodelling and clinical worsening. In this study, we aimed to validate a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tool for the haemodynamic characterisation of chronic (type B) ADs. We validated the numerical results, for several dissection geometries, with experimental data obtained from a previous in vitro study performed on idealised dissected physical models. We found a good correlation between CFD simulations and experimental measurements as long as the tear size was large enough so that the effect of the wall compliance was negligible.
Improved Synthesis of Small (dCORE≈ 1.5 nm) Phosphine-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTImproved Synthesis of Small (dCORE ≈ 1.5 nm) Phosphine-Stabilized Gold NanoparticlesWalter W. Weare, Scott M. Reed, Marvin G. Warner, and James E. HutchisonView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 51, 12890–12891Publication Date (Web):December 27, 2000Publication History Received20 July 2000Published online27 December 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja002673nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja002673nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8209Altmetric-Citations396LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Gold,Materials,Metal nanoparticles,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Optimum complementary sets and quadriphase sequences derived from q-ary m-sequences (2002)

Sequences with perfect correlation properties (i.e., vanishing sidelobes of their autocorrelation function) are applied in navigational systems, in synchronization, and for system measurement and identification. Since only one periodic perfect binary sequence (length N=4) is known, on the one hand polyphase sequences with a larger phase alphabet, especially quadriphase sequences, and on the other hand so-called complementary sets of sequences have been applied (Golay 1961). Pairs of sequences are called aperiodic or periodic complementary sets (ACS or PCS) if the sum of their aperiodic or periodic respectively autocorrelation functions is a delta function. Complementary pairs of binary sequences cannot exist for all lengths. Therefore, sets of ternary sequences with the elements -1, 0 and 1 have been investigated. Since for technical reasons the number of zero-elements should be as small as possible, ternary complementary sets are called optimum if no set with a smaller number of zero-elements exists. Ternary aperiodic complementary sets have been investigated in Garvish and Lempel (1994). In this paper, the construction of new optimum PCS and almost perfect quadriphase sequences is described.
Review of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines in clinical development (2011)

Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines have formed the cornerstone of childhood immunization programs for decades. Historically, these have comprised diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined with inactivated whole-cell pertussis. More recently, advances have been made with the development of purified acellular pertussis vaccines, with improved reactogenicity profiles, and formulation with additional vaccines such as Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B virus and inactivated poliovirus. Development is currently focused on maximizing the number of vaccines that can be combined in a single formulation and strategies to provide protection against pertussis before the commencement of routine infant immunization.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Protein Stability and Ligand Binding Using a Chemical Modification- and Mass Spectrometry-Based Strategy (2008)

Described here is a new technique, termed SPROX (stability of proteins from rates of oxidation), that can be used to measure the thermodynamic stability of proteins and protein-ligand complexes. SPROX utilizes hydrogen peroxide in the presence of increasing concentrations of a chemical denaturant to oxidize proteins. The extent of oxidation at a given oxidation time is determined as a function of the denaturant concentration using either electrospray or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Ultimately, the denaturant concentration dependence of the oxidation reaction rate is used to evaluate a folding free energy (DeltaG(f)) and m value (deltaDeltaG(f)/delta[Den]) for the protein's folding/unfolding reaction. Measurements of such SPROX-derived DeltaG(f) and m values on proteins in the presence and absence of ligands can also be used to evaluate protein-ligand affinities (e.g., DeltaDeltaG(f) and Kd values). Presented here are SPROX results obtained on four model protein systems including ubiquitin, ribonuclease A (RNaseA), cyclophilin A (CypA), and bovine carbonic anhydrase II (BCAII). SPROX-derived DeltaG(f) and m values on these proteins are compared to values obtained using more established techniques (e.g., CD spectroscopy and SUPREX). The dissociation constants of several known protein-ligand complexes involving these proteins were also determined using SPROX and compared to previously reported values. The complexes included the CypA-cyclosporin A complex and the BCAII-4-carboxybenzenesulfonamide complex. The accuracy and precision of SPROX-derived thermodynamic parameters for the model proteins and protein-ligand complexes in this study are discussed as well as the caveats of the technique.
Distributed 2- and 3-Bit&gt;tex&lt;$W$&gt;/tex&lt;-Band MEMS Phase Shifters on Glass Substrates (2004)

This paper presents state-of-the-art RF microelectromechanical (MEMS) phase shifters at 75-110 GHz based on the distributed microelectromechanical transmission-line (DMTL) concept. A 3-bit DMTL phase shifter, fabricated on a glass substrate using MEMS switches and coplanar-waveguide lines, results in an average loss of 2.7 dB at 78 GHz (0.9 dB/bit). The measured figure-of-merit performance is 93/spl deg//dB-100/spl deg//dB (equivalent to 0.9 dB/bit) of loss at 75-110 GHz. The associated phase error is /spl plusmn/3/spl deg/ (rms phase error is 1.56/spl deg/) and the reflection loss is below -10 dB over all eight states. A 2-bit phase shifter is also demonstrated with comparable performance to the 3-bit design. It is seen that the phase shifter can be accurately modeled using a combination of full-wave electromagnetic and microwave circuit analysis, thereby making the design quite easy up to 110 GHz. These results represent the best phase-shifter performance to date using any technology at W-band frequencies. Careful analysis indicates that the 75-110-GHz figure-of-merit performance becomes 150/spl deg//dB-200/spl deg//dB, and the 3-bit average insertion loss improves to 1.8-2.1 dB if the phase shifter is fabricated on quartz substrates.
A framework for adaptive mail classification (2003)

We introduce a technique based on data mining algorithms for classifying incoming messages, as a basis for an overall architecture for maintenance and management of e-mail messages. We exploit clustering techniques for grouping structured and unstructured information extracted from e-mail messages in an unsupervised way, and exploit the resulting algorithm in the process of folder creation (and maintenance) and e-mail redirection. Some initial experimental results show the effectiveness of the technique, both from an efficiency and a quality-of-results viewpoint.