gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The CitST two‐component system regulates the expression of the Mg‐citrate transporter in Bacillus subtilis (2000)

citS and citT genes encoding a new two-component system were identified in the 71 degrees region between the pel and citM loci on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. citS- and citT-deficient strains were unable to grow on minimal plates including citrate as a sole carbon source. In addition, a strain deficient in citM, which encodes the secondary transporter of the Mg-citrate complex, exhibited the same phenotype on this medium. Northern blot analysis revealed that citM was polycistronically transcribed with the downstream yflN gene, and that CitS and CitT were necessary for transcription of the citM-yflN operon. Upon addition of 2 mM citrate to DSM, this operon was strongly induced after the middle of the exponential growth phase in the wild type, but not in the citST double null mutant. Moreover, the transcription of this operon was completely repressed in the presence of 1% glucose. We found a sequence exhibiting homology to a catabolite-responsive element (cre) in the citM promoter region. Glucose repression was lost in ccpA and citM-cre mutants. From the result of a citM-promoter deletion experiment, putative CitT target sequences were found to be located around two regions, from -62 to -74 and from -149 to -189, relative to the citM start point. Furthermore, DNase I footprinting assays revealed that these two CitT target regions extended maximally from -36 to -84 and from -168 to -194. From these findings, we concluded that the expression of citM is positively regulated by the CitST system and negatively regulated by CcpA.
Large Antibody Display Libraries for Isolation of High-Affinity Antibodies (2003)

Libraries of displayed antibodies have been increasingly used to select or screen antibodies. It is generally well recognized that large libraries provide high probability of finding a given antibody. In this review, the factors that limit the sizes of current in vivo and ribosome-based in vitro display libraries to be around 10(11) members are first discussed. An analysis resulting in a quantitative correlation between the library size and the antibody affinity is then presented. This analysis underscores the importance of large libraries in not only increasing the probability of finding a given antibody, but also enhancing the quality of a given antibody. Recent advances in preparing state-of-the-art large display libraries are then reviewed. Finally, potential improvements to current library technologies to generate libraries as large as 10(12) and their rationales are explored in length.
Robust adaptive beamforming via LMS-like target tracking (2002)

This paper presents an algorithm implementing robustness in beamforming, by directly reducing localization errors in the presence of pointing errors or a single moving target. Given an initial position, the desired source signal is first estimated using a classical beamforming unit. It is in a second step, processed by an LMS-like gradient stochastic estimation procedure of the steering vector, to adaptively track the correct source position. The newly identified source position is projected over the array manifold, then finally transmitted in a feedback loop to the beamforming unit, closing in this way the global algorithm iteration. The simulation results show that robustness is effectively realized without any compromising output SNR loss. Moreover, they prove an efficient tracking behavior in the presence of mobile sources. >
Low-light image enhancement using CNN and bright channel prior (2017)

In this paper, we propose a joint framework to enhance images under low-light conditions. First, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based architecture is proposed to denoise low-light images. Then, based on atmosphere scattering model, we introduce a low-light model to enhance image contrast. In our low-light model, we propose a simple but effective image prior, bright channel prior, to estimate the transmission parameter; besides, an effective filter is designed to adaptively estimate environment light in different image areas. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves superior performance over other methods.
Silver-nylon: a new antimicrobial agent (1983)

The potential effectiveness of a silver nylon (SN) fabric as an antimicrobial agent was evaluated in a series of in vitro experiments. The results indicated that silver ions from the SN fabric penetrated 2 mm of agar and killed a challenge of 6.9 X 10(7) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4.1 X 10(7) Staphylococcus aureus, and 1.4 X 10(7) Candida albicans organisms per cm2 of SN fabric after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. To determine some of the microbicidal limits of the SN, the distance between the SN fabric and the microbial challenge was increased. Increasing the height of the agar column overlying the SN fabric diminished the inhibitory effect of SN on microbial growth. For each increase in agar height of 2 mm, up to a total height of 8 mm, the effectiveness of SN to inhibit microbial growth decreased by a factor of 10. This distance-related decrease in the microbicidal ability of SN could be overcome by placing the SN fabric in contact with the agar column for 24 to 72 h before microbial challenge. On the basis of these experiments, it appears that SN is an effective antimicrobial agent, although further work must be performed before it is applied clinically.
Pitch detection of speech signals using segmentedautocorrelation (1995)

A pitch detection algorithm based on segmented autocorrelation is presented which exhibits improved rejection of formant interference and pitch period multiple errors, when compared to the standard autocorrelation method . In addition, the algorithm is computationally less intensive than a standard autocorrelation of the same window length.
Signaling pathways coupling phenomena (2010)

Two radically different approaches are currently available to identify the signaling pathways that are significantly impacted in a given condition: enrichment analysis and impact analysis. These approaches calculate a p-value that aims to quantify the significance of the involvement of the given pathway in the condition under study. These p-values were thought to be inversely proportional to the likelihood of their respective pathways being involved in the given condition, and hence be independent. Here we show that various pathways can affect each other's p-values in significant ways. Thus, the significance of a given pathway in a given experiment has to be interpreted in the context of the other pathways that appear to be significant. In certain circumstances, pathways previously found to be significant with some of the existing methods may not be so. We hypothesize that the phenomenon is related to the amount of common genes between different pathways. Here we present results obtained by analyzing pathways obtained from the KEGG signaling pathways database. However, the same phenomenon is expected to influence the analysis of any pathways from any pathway repository.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 3. Alternative splicing in immunoglobulin-like domain III creates a receptor highly specific for acidic FGF/FGF-1 (1994)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) regulate the growth and differentiation of cells through complex combinatorial signaling pathways. There are nine ligands that interact with a family of four tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFR). Diversity in FGF signaling is determined in part by the affinity of specific ligand-receptor pairs. Alternative splicing in the FGFR ligand binding domain generates additional receptor isoforms with novel ligand affinities. For example, splicing events in the ligand binding domain of FGFR2 dramatically increases its affinity for keratinocyte growth factor (KGF/FGF-7). We have identified an alternatively spliced form of the FGFR3 mRNA, corresponding to known splice variants of FGFRs 1 and 2. We demonstrate both by binding studies on genetically engineered soluble receptors and by the mitogenic response of growth factor-dependent cell lines that this splice variant of FGFR3 (FGFR3 IIIb), by binding only acidic FGF (aFGF/FGF-1), has the most restricted ligand binding properties of any FGFR thus far described. Furthermore, by constructing a chimeric receptor that contains the homologous exon from FGFR2, we demonstrate that this single domain from FGFR2 is sufficient to confer upon FGFR3 the ability to bind KGF/FGF-7. The uniquely limited repertoire of ligands that interact with this receptor suggests that a novel ligand for FGFR3 IIIb exists.
Synthesis and Characterization of Layered Silicate-Epoxy Nanocomposites (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of Layered Silicate-Epoxy NanocompositesPhillip B. Messersmith and Emmanuel P. GiannelisCite this: Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 10, 1719–1725Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00046a026https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00046a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2816Altmetric-Citations968LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Cluster headaches]. (1991)

After taking a second look at a treatment that was common in 1933 for victims of cluster headaches, a doctor from Lieges, Belgium, is now training anesthesiologists in the technique of alcoholization of the sphenopalatine ganglion. The solution is filtered in through the supra-zygomatic channel. Cluster headaches, which are six times more likely to strike men than women, can last anywhere from a few minutes to several hours, affecting the patient's quality of life. The pain has been described as burning, piercing, penetrating, cutting and pounding. The author defines the illness, describes the symptoms and the predisposing conditions. The article gives an overview of the newly rediscovered treatment, that is making inroads in Europe. Other points include: a brief anatomy lesson, an explanation of the technique, proper positioning of patients, preparation of the solution and the nurse's role in the treatment.
Modal liquid crystal wavefront corrector (2002)

Results are presented of the properties of a liquid crystal wavefront corrector for adaptive optics. The device is controlled using modal addressing in which case the device behaves more like a continuous facesheet deformable mirror than a segmented one. Furthermore, the width and shape of the influence functions are electrically controllable. We describe the construction of the device, the optical properties, and we show experimental results of low order aberration generation.
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in schizophrenia: decreased mRNA levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes (2003)

Recent studies have suggested that the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 AChR) may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In search for peripheral biological markers for schizophrenia we have investigated alpha7 mRNA levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Peripheral blood samples were collected from medicated and non-medicated (drug naive) schizophrenic patients as well as from healthy (non-mentally ill) smokers and non-smokers. RNA was prepared from isolated lymphocytes. Polymerase chain reaction products specific for human alpha7 AChR were quantified by densitometry using Scion image-analysis (shared NIH software). We observed a significant decrease of alpha7 mRNA levels on PBLs of schizophrenic patients compared with controls. The decrease in alpha7 mRNA levels was not a result of medication management, because non-medicated schizophrenic patients displayed the same level of reduction in alpha7 mRNA as did patients receiving medication. In addition, we exclude the possibility that the observed decrease in alpha7 mRNA levels resulted from nicotine consumption in smoking, because healthy smokers exhibited the same levels of alpha7 mRNA as non-smokers. We propose that alpha7 AChR may be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease and may serve as a reliable peripheral biological marker in schizophrenia.
Peptide mass fingerprint sequence coverage from differently stained proteins on two‐dimensional electrophoresis patterns by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) (1998)

Identification of proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) is a necessary task to overcome the purely descriptive character of 2-DE and a prerequisite to the construction of 2-DE databases in proteome projects. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has a sensitivity for peptide detection in the lower fmol range, which should be sufficient for an analysis of even weakly silver-stained protein spots by peptide mass fingerprinting. Unfortunately, proteins are modified by the silver staining procedure, leading to low sequence coverage. Omission of glutaraldehyde increased the sequence coverage, but this improved sequence coverage is still clearly below the sequence coverage starting with Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) R-250-stained spots. Other factors additionally seem to modify proteins during silver staining. By decreasing the protein amount, the advantage of very sensitive detection on the gel is lost during identification, because the resulting low sequence coverage is not sufficient for secure identification. Low-quantity proteins can be identified better starting with CBB G-250 or Zn-imidazol-stained proteins. In contrast, for high-quantity CBB R-250-stained spots, a sequence coverage of up to 90% can be obtained by using only one cleaving enzyme, and up to 80% was reached for medium-quantity spots after combination of tryptic digest with Asp-N- and Glu-C digest.
Role ofMannheimia haemolyticaleukotoxin in the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis (2002)

Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis continues to be a major respiratory disease in feedlot cattle despite the recent advances in our understanding of the underlying complexities of causation. The etiological agent, Mannheimia haemolytica, possesses several virulence factors, including capsule, outer membrane proteins, adhesins, neuraminidase, endotoxin and exotoxic leukotoxin. Accumulating scientific evidence implicates leukotoxin as the primary factor contributing to clinical presentation and lung injury associated with this disease. Unlike other virulence factors, leukotoxin shows cell-type- and species-specific effects on bovine leukocytes. Recent investigations have delineated the mechanisms underlying the target-cell-specificity of leukotoxin and how this contributes to the pathogenesis of lung damage. This review summarizes current understanding of the secretion, regulation, mechanisms of action and evolutionary diversity of leukotoxin of M. haemolytica. Understanding the precise molecular mechanisms of leukotoxin is critical for the development of more effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to control this complex disease.
In vitro energy transfer in Renilla bioluminescence (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIn vitro energy transfer in Renilla bioluminescenceWilliam W. Ward and Milton J. CormierCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1976, 80, 20, 2289–2291Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100561a030https://doi.org/10.1021/j100561a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views398Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Inscriptions of Exile: The Body's Knowledge and the Myth of Authenticity (1992)

The body is an overdetermined concept, burdened with religious and philosophical as well as psychoanalytic, sexual and racial meanings. Since Greco-Roman antiquity, when its beauty and health were emphasized by the sculptors, the body has occupied an important place in Western culture. In the Christian era, the symbolism of the body undergoes a profound transformation; now it is the wounded and suffering body (emblematically presented in the form of the crucified Christ), which inscribes itself in a new ideology, one that emphasizes the notion of redemption through suffering and death. The body thereby becomes a text on which pain can be read as a necessary physical step on the road to a higher moral state, a destiny, or a way of being. This in turn reveals a radical transformation (generally considered positive) in the initial state of the individual or her community.
Design and synthesis of RNA miniduplexes via a synthetic linker approach (1993)

Double-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotides or single-stranded oligoribonucleotides with specific secondary structure have been proposed as potential antagonists to target nucleic acid-binding proteins (the sense approach). A major limitation of this strategy is that these derivatives are generally considered to be too large for pharmaceutical applications. We have developed a synthetic linker approach whereby nucleic acid duplexes of a much smaller size (miniduplexes) can be generated directly from a standard oligonucleotide synthesis. In this approach, four synthetic linkers (derivatized respectively from 1,9-nonanediol, triethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and hexaethylene glycol) of different length and hydrophobicity were designed and incorporated into a model RNA molecule based on the TAR stem-loop structure of HIV-1. Their thermal stabilities were evaluated by measuring denaturation profiles (Tm measurements). These linker-derivatized RNA molecules were then assessed for their ability to bind to either a full-length protein (HIV-1 Tat protein) or a short peptide (Tat-derived peptide) through RNA mobility shift assays. Results from this study indicate that such modified miniduplex structures retain full binding activity relative to that of the wild-type sequence (Kd values), while Tm values were increased by 24-31 degrees C compared to an open duplex of the same length. This system provides a new direction in the use of nucleic acid miniduplexes as a novel class of oligonucleotide analogues for both fundamental research and possible therapeutic applications.
Fumagillin Treatment of Intestinal Microsporidiosis (2002)

Fumagillin is an effective treatment for chronic E. bieneusi infection in immunocompromised patients.
Microbotanical remains in landscape archaeology (2008)

A review of seven microbotanical fossil types and their applications in landscape archaeology is presented. We focus on physical characteristics, particularly those that may affect microfossil preservation, as well as type and level of information each microfossil type can be expected to provide. A list of seven microfossil types is by no means exhaustive, but it incorporates the more widely used plant remains associated with archaeological study.
On-Site Sewage Disposal for a Subdivision in a High Groundwater Area (1997)

The Lightning “W” Ranch has been operated by the Weise family in a small valley in the eastern foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountains, about 30 miles (48 km) south of Reno, Nevada for over 40 years. The Ranch has been supplied by surface water and three irrigation wells over that period irrigating over 300 acres (121 ha) of pastureland. Although annual rainfall is less than only 12.6 in. (32 cm), a perennial stream flows through the property and groundwater may be found as shallow as 2 ft (0.6 m) below the ground surface. Plans for a 107-unit residential community with private golf course were stalled as a result of concerns over potential groundwater impacts by septic systems. Authorities from the local Health Department and the State Division of Environmental Protection assisted private sector engineers in developing a plan using a combination of standard shallow septic systems in engineered fill, recirculating sand filters, and an artificial wetlands to provide sewage treatment for homes, golf clubhouse, and golf course restrooms. Meanwhile, the owner and his team of designers blended grading plans for the septic leach fields, the golf course, and flood control into a reconfiguration of the ranch landscape that left only 40 acres (16 ha) of original ground and resulted in over 1 000 000 yd3 (764 656 m3) of material moved.
Responses of mesangial cells of autoimmune mice to cytokines. (1993)

Glomerulonephritis is one of the most important complications of SLE. The genesis of the renal lesions in this disorder is determined by a cascade of events that leads to mesangial cell proliferation as one of the hallmarks of the kidney disease. The current study examines the postulate that there may be intrinsic abnormalities in the mesangial cells of the autoimmune host which predisposes it to develop nephritis. It investigates the possibility that growth responses of mesangial cells of the autoimmune MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice are different from those of their congenic normal MRL/MpJ-(+)/+ (MRL-(++)) counterparts when cultured with various cytokines. To test this possibility, growth responses of mesangial cells as assessed by [3H]TdR uptake were measured when these cells were cultured with epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. Epidermal growth factor stimulated the growth of mesangial cells of both strains of mice equally, but platelet-derived growth factor appeared to elicit a more pronounced proliferative response from mesangial cells of the autoimmune mice. In regard to inhibitory substances tested, mesangial cells of autoimmune MRL-lpr mice appeared to be relatively insensitive to the suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-beta and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. Collectively, the response profile of mesangial cells of the MRL-lpr mice suggests that these cells have a tendency to proliferate when they are acted on by cytokines, so that they may be more susceptible to develop the proliferative lesions seen in the nephritis of SLE.