gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding and complement activation by C-reactive protein via the collagen-like region of C1q and inhibition of these reactions by monoclonal antibodies to C-reactive protein and C1q (1991)

Ligand-complexed C-reactive protein (CRP), like aggregated or complexed IgG, can react with C1q and activate the classical C pathway. Whereas IgG is known to bind to the globular region and not to the collagen-like region (CLR) of C1q, the site of interaction of C1q with CRP has not been defined. CRP-trimers were prepared by cross-linking and found to bind to C1q and to activate the C system. Heat-aggregated IgG (Agg-IgG) did not block the binding of CRP-trimers to C1q, nor did CRP-trimers block binding of Agg-IgG to C1q, suggesting that CRP and IgG bind at different sites. ELISA and Western blot analysis showed that CRP-trimers bound to the CLR, whereas Agg-IgG bound only to the globular region; similarly, anti-CLR mAb inhibited binding of CRP-trimers to C1q whereas anti-globular region mAb did not. Reactivity with CRP-trimers as well as with Agg-IgG was retained after reduction/alkylation and SDS treatment of C1q. A group of 22 anti-CRP mAb directed against at least six distinct native-CRP epitopes and eight distinct neo-CRP epitopes was tested for ability to inhibit the CRP-CLR interaction; one mAb, anti-native CRP mAb 8D8, with strong inhibitory activity was identified. Fab' of 8D8 blocked binding of CRP-trimers to intact C1q as well as CLR, and also inhibited CRP (CRP-trimers and CRP-protamine complexes) induced C activation, but had no effect on C1q binding or C activation by Agg-IgG. These results indicate that a conformation-determined region on CRP binds to a sequence-determined region on the CLR of C1q in an interaction which leads to C activation. Anti-CRP and anti-C1q mAb that specifically inhibit this interaction are described.
Simian AIDS: Isolation of a Type D Retrovirus and Transmission of the Disease (1984)

A type D retrovirus related to but distinct from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus was isolated in vitro from the blood of two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS). Three juvenile rhesus monkeys that were injected intravenously with tissue culture fluids containing this virus developed SAIDS after 2 to 4 weeks.
Follow‐up of a report of a potential linkage for schizophrenia on chromosome 22q12‐q13.1: Part 2 (1994)

A collaboration involving four groups of investigators (Johns Hopkins University/Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Medical College of Virginia/The Health Research Board, Dublin; Institute of Psychiatry, London/University of Wales, Cardiff; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris) was organized to confirm results suggestive of a schizophrenia susceptibility locus on chromosome 22 identified by the JHU/MIT group after a random search of the genome. Diagnostic, laboratory, and analytical reliability exercises were conducted among the groups to ensure uniformity of procedures. Data from genotyping of 3 dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms (at the loci D22S268, IL2RB, D22S307) for a combined replication sample of 256 families, each having 2 or more affected individuals with DNA, were analysed using a complex autosomal dominant model. This study provided no evidence for linkage or heterogeneity for the region 22q12-q13 under this model. We conclude that if this region confers susceptibility to schizophrenia, it must be in only a small proportion of families. Collaborative efforts to obtain large samples must continue to play an important role in the genetic search for clues to complex psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.
Recent advances in the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of β-amino acids (2010)

In this critical review, the progress in catalytic asymmetric synthesis of beta-amino acids is discussed, covering the literature since 2002. The review treats transition metal catalysis, organocatalysis and biocatalysis and covers the most important synthetic methods, such as hydrogenation, the Mannich reaction and conjugate additions (160 references).
Evidence for protein X binding to a discontinuous epitope on the cellular prion protein during scrapie prion propagation (1997)

Studies on the transmission of human (Hu) prions to transgenic (Tg) mice suggested that another molecule provisionally designated protein X participates in the formation of nascent scrapie isoform of prion protein (PrPSc). We report the identification of the site at which protein X binds to the cellular isoform of PrP (PrPC) using scrapie-infected mouse (Mo) neuroblastoma cells transfected with chimeric Hu/MoPrP genes even though protein X has not yet been isolated. Substitution of a Hu residue at position 214 or 218 prevented PrPSc formation. The side chains of these residues protrude from the same surface of the C-terminal alpha-helix and form a discontinuous epitope with residues 167 and 171 in an adjacent loop. Substitution of a basic residue at positions 167, 171, or 218 also prevented PrPSc formation: at a mechanistic level, these mutant PrPs appear to act as "dominant negatives" by binding protein X and rendering it unavailable for prion propagation. Our findings seem to explain the protective effects of basic polymorphic residues in PrP of humans and sheep and suggest therapeutic and prophylactic approaches to prion diseases.
c-Myc inhibits myogenic differentiation and myoD expression by a mechanism which can be dissociated from cell transformation. (1994)

The c-Myc oncoprotein is a basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (b-HLH-LZ) transcription factor involved in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. We have used retrovirus-mediated gene transfer to investigate the effect of ectopic c-Myc expression on the spontaneous differentiation of primary quail myoblasts in vitro. Unlike normal myoblasts, c-Myc-expressing myoblasts are unable to form myotubes or express muscle-specific genes, such as myosin, and show severely reduced expression of the myogenic regulatory factors myoD, myogenin, and myf5. The c-Myc leucine zipper (LZ) motif is essential for the differentiation block since myoblasts expressing a mutant with a partial deletion of this region, c-Myc delta 7, differentiate and express myoD family regulators and muscle-specific genes normally. Remarkably, c-Myc delta 7, like wild-type c-Myc, retains the capacity to transform the growth phenotype of myoblasts, and associates with the b-HLH-LZ Myc partner protein Max in transformed cells. We conclude that the block to myogenic differentiation induced by c-Myc can be dissociated from cell transformation per se, and that this attribute correlates more closely with down-regulation of myoD family gene expression. These findings are discussed in the light of current models of Myc function.
Study on Regenerative Chatter Vibration in Ball End Milling of Flexible Workpieces (2008)

This paper presents an analytical model to predict critical cutting conditions for regenerative chatter vibration in the ball end milling process with tool inclination. The ball end milling is an important precision machining process, which is used in production of impellers, screw propellers and turbine blades with free-form surfaces. As these thin structures are flexible, the regenerative chatter vibration often occurs and causes severe problems such as short tool life and deterioration of surface quality. When the flexible workpieces are machined, the chatter vibration may occur in the through-thickness direction of workpiece. The vibration changes removal cross-section of workpiece in the present cut and furthermore in the next cut. This change in the cross-section produces dynamic cutting force. When this dynamic cutting force excites the mechanical structure and grows up the previous vibration, this closed-loop instability leads to the regenerative chatter vibration. In the present research, an analytical model of the ball end milling process with the regenerative chatter vibration is developed with consideration of tool inclination, and it is applied to predict the stability limits at a tool inclination angle and varied spindle speeds. The developed analytical model is verified by cutting experiments, and it is expected that the present analytical model is useful to optimize the tool path and the cutting conditions for highly-efficient cutting.
Migraine headaches: epidemiology and comorbidity. (1998)

Migraine imposes substantial burdens both on individual headache sufferers and on society. Prevalence studies reveal that the condition affects about 18% of women and about 6% of men. Prevalence is highest between the ages of 25 and 55, during the peak productive years. Despite the development of new and effective treatment options, migraine remains an underdiagnosed and undertreated condition. In this article, we review the incidence, prevalence, and distribution of migraine and the conditions which are comorbid with migraine.
Viscoplastic and Granular Behavior in Films of Colloidal Nanocrystals (2007)

Nanoindentation measurements of electrophoretically deposited films of colloidal CdSe nanocrystals, capped by organic ligands, show the films have an elastic stiffness modulus of approximately 10 GPa and exhibit viscoplasticity. This mechanical response suggests polymeric features that are attributable to the ligands. After particle cross-linking and partial ligand removal, the films exhibit more features of granularity.
The STRIP rule system for efficiently maintaining derived data (1997)

Derived data is maintained in a database system to correlate and summarize base data which records real world facts. As base data changes, derived data needs to be recomputed. This is often implemented by writing active rules that are triggered by changes to base data. In a system with rapidly changing base data, a database with a standard rule system may consume most of its resources running rules to recompute data. This paper presents the rule system implemented as part of the STandard Real-time Information Processor (STRIP). The STRIP rule system is an extension of SQL3-type rules that allows groups of rule actions to be batched together to reduce the total recomputation load on the system. In this paper we describe the syntax and semantics of the STRIP rule system, present an example set of rules to maintain stock index and theoretical option prices in a program trading application, and report the results of experiments performed on the running system. The experiments verify that STRIP's rules allow much more efficient derived data maintenance than conventional rules without batching.
Specific immunoglobulin A-secreting cells in peripheral blood of humans following oral immunization with a bivalent Salmonella typhi-Shigella sonnei vaccine or infection by pathogenic S. sonnei (1990)

The ability of bivalent Salmonella typhi-Shigella sonnei vaccine strain 5076-1C to stimulate an intestinal immunoglobulin A response in humans was evaluated by detecting gut-derived, trafficking antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in peripheral blood. Following vaccination, an immunoglobulin A-ASC response to O antigens of S. typhi and S. sonnei was observed in 10 of 13 and 13 of 13 vaccine recipients, respectively. Experimental challenge with pathogenic S. sonnei stimulated an ASC response to the S. sonnei O antigen in all subjects who developed clinical illness. The magnitude of the ASC response to challenge was significantly greater than that resulting from vaccination. Furthermore, compared with the response of the unimmunized controls, individuals previously immunized with 5076-1C demonstrated a significantly greater ASC response following challenge with S. sonnei.
Coagulation Blockade Prevents Sepsis-induced Respiratory and Renal Failure in Baboons (2001)

Sepsis-induced tissue factor (TF) expression activates coagulation in the lung and leads to a procoagulant environment, which results in fibrin deposition and potentiates inflammation. We hypothesized that preventing initiation of coagulation at TF-Factor VIIa (FVIIa) complex would block fibrin deposition and control inflammation in sepsis, thereby limiting acute lung injury (ALI) and other organ damage in baboons. A model of ALI was used in which adult baboons were primed with killed Escherichia coli (1 x 10(9) CFU/kg), and bacteremic sepsis was induced 12 h later by infusion of live E. coli at 1 x 10(10) CFU/kg. Animals in the treatment group were given a competitive inhibitor of TF, site-inactivated FVIIa (FVIIai), intravenously at the time of the infusion of live bacteria and monitored physiologically for another 36 h. FVIIai dramatically protected gas exchange and lung compliance, prevented lung edema and pulmonary hypertension, and preserved renal function relative to vehicle (all p < 0.05). Treatment attenuated sepsis-induced fibrinogen depletion (p < 0.01) and decreased systemic proinflammatory cytokine responses, for example, interleukin 6 (p < 0.01). The protective effects of TF blockade in sepsis-induced ALI were confirmed by using tissue factor pathway inhibitor. The results show that TF-FVIIa complex contributes to organ injury in septic primates in part through selective stimulation of proinflammatory cytokine release and fibrin deposition.
Inhibition of Alzheimer’s amyloid toxicity with a tricyclic pyrone molecule in vitro and in vivo (2008)

Small beta-amyloid (Abeta) 1-42 aggregates are toxic to neurons and may be the primary toxic species in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods to reduce the level of Abeta, prevent Abeta aggregation, and eliminate existing Abeta aggregates have been proposed for treatment of AD. A tricyclic pyrone named CP2 is found to prevent cell death associated with Abeta oligomers. We studied the possible mechanisms of neuroprotection by CP2. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy shows a direct binding of CP2 with Abeta42 oligomer. Circular dichroism spectroscopy reveals monomeric Abeta42 peptide remains as a random coil/alpha-helix structure in the presence of CP2 over 48 h. Atomic force microscopy studies show CP2 exhibits similar ability to inhibit Abeta42 aggregation as that of Congo red and curcumin. Atomic force microscopy closed-fluid cell study demonstrates that CP2 disaggregates Abeta42 oligomers and protofibrils. CP2 also blocks Abeta fibrillations using a protein quantification method. Treatment of 5x familial Alzheimer's disease mice, a robust Abeta42-producing animal model of AD, with a 2-week course of CP2 resulted in 40% and 50% decreases in non-fibrillar and fibrillar Abeta species, respectively. Our results suggest that CP2 might be beneficial to AD patients by preventing Abeta aggregation and disaggregating existing Abeta oligomers and protofibrils.
Challenges to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for cancer. (2014)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells have demonstrated potent clinical efficacy in patients with B cell malignancies. However, the use of CAR-T cell therapy targeting other cancers has, in part, been limited by both the induction of antigen-specific toxicities targeting normal tissues expressing the target-antigen, and the extreme potency of CAR-T cell treatments resulting in life-threatening cytokine-release syndromes. Herein, we discuss toxicities associated with CAR-T cell therapy in the clinic. Further, we discuss potential clinical interventions to ameliorate these toxicities and the application of preclinical animal models to predict the clinical utility of CAR-T cell therapy.
A multi application contactless smart card applied to metering (1990)

The GEC Smart Card system is a significant advance in prepayment electricity meter technology. The contactless system greatly improves reliability by removing the need for physical contact with the internal electronics and the possibility of having no slots or apertures. Intelligence in the token allows multiple applications to be handled hence creating new opportunities from sharing the infrastructure or renting space on the card. Electronics for the token will be packaged in a standard sized plastic credit card. Use of a high level operating system and commands ensures compatibility with future upgrades in token or meters.<
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Two-photon stepwise dissociation of carbazole in solution (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo-photon stepwise dissociation of carbazole in solutionM. Martin, E. Breheret, F. Tfibel, and B. LacourbasCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1980, 84, 1, 70–72Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100438a017https://doi.org/10.1021/j100438a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Primary structure of the major coat protein of the filamentous bacterial viruses, If1 and Ike. (1981)

The primary structures of the major coat proteins from If1 and Ike filmentous coliphages have been determined by automated Edman degradation before and after cyanogen bromide cleavage and by manual sequencing of certain tryptic peptides. Carboxypeptidase A and B digestion was also used to determine the sequence of the COOH termini of these proteins. A comparison of the major coat proteins from these two phages with those from other filamentous phages show that they all share several common features, namely an asymmetric distribution of positively and negatively charged amino acid residues, which are clustered with the COOH-terminal and NH2-terminal regions respectively, and a region of 19 residues which is located in the middle of the polypeptide chain. The consequences of this charge distribution for a possible mechanism of virus maturation are discussed.
The molecular genetics of gyn malignancies. (1994)

Gynecologic malignancies, representing 13% of all cancers affecting women, have a major impact on women's health. Cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers comprise the majority of these tumors and contribute significant morbidity and mortality to the female population. While cervical and endometrial cancers can be detected early in their development, sadly, many patients present with advanced disease, as do the majority of patients with ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, advanced cases of these malignancies are usually lethal despite modern therapeutic modalities. In order to impact upon these grim statistics, gynecologic researchers have turned to molecular biology in an attempt to elucidate the etiology of these cancers. Recent research describing dominant oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations common to these malignancies is providing a basis for the molecular genesis of these cancers. This information should offer new avenues for the development of early detection and chemoprevention, as well as novel treatment strategies.
Activation of the Protein Kinase Akt/PKB by the Formation of E-cadherin-mediated Cell-Cell Junctions (1999)

E-cadherins are surface adhesion molecules localized at the level of adherens junctions, which play a major role in cell adhesiveness by mediating calcium-dependent homophylic interactions at sites of cell-cell contacts. Recently, E-cadherins have been also implicated in a number of biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, cell recognition, and sorting during developmental morphogenesis, as well as in aggregation-dependent cell survival. As phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and Akt play a critical role in survival pathways in response to both growth factors and extracellular stimuli, these observations prompted us to explore whether E-cadherins could affect intracellular molecules regulating the activity of the PI 3-kinase/Akt signaling cascade. Using Madin-Darby canine kidney cells as a model system, we show here that engagement of E-cadherins in homophylic calcium-dependent cell-cell interactions results in a rapid PI 3-kinase-dependent activation of Akt and the subsequent translocation of Akt to the nucleus. Moreover, we demonstrate that the activation of PI 3-kinase in response to cell-cell contact formation involves the phosphorylation of PI 3-kinase in tyrosine residues, and the concomitant recruitment of PI 3-kinase to E-cadherin-containing protein complexes. These findings indicate that E-cadherins can initiate outside-in signal transducing pathways that regulate the activity of PI 3-kinase and Akt, thus providing a novel molecular mechanism whereby the interaction among neighboring cells and their adhesion status may ultimately control the fate of epithelial cells.
Claisen rearrangement in indole alkaloid synthesis. Total synthesis of (+-)-tabersonine (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClaisen rearrangement in indole alkaloid synthesis. Total synthesis of (+-)-tabersonineFrederick E. Ziegler and Gregory B. BennettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 22, 7458–7464Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00803a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00803a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1408Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular Mapping and Detoxification of the Lipid A Binding Site by Synthetic Peptides (1993)

Endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], the major antigen of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, consists of a variable-size carbohydrate chain that is covalently linked to N,O-acylated beta-1,6-D-glucosamine disaccharide 1,4'-bisphosphate (lipid A). The toxic activity of LPS resides in the lipid A structure. The structural features of synthetic peptides that bind to lipid A with high affinity, detoxify LPS in vitro, and prevent LPS-induced cytokine release and lethality in vivo were defined. The binding thermodynamics were comparable to that of an antigen-antibody reaction. Such synthetic peptides may provide a strategy for prophylaxis and treatment of LPS-mediated diseases.