gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of a quantitative method for denning CAD/CAM socket modifications (1999)

A quantitative method was developed for defining manual socket modifications, averaging these modifications over a series of amputees, and using the average modifications as a template in commercial CAD/CAM systems. The CADVIEW programme (i.e. software for viewing and analysing CAD sockets) was rewritten to provide comparison functions for aligning sockets to a common axis, visualising the differences between sockets, generating modification outlines, assigning apex point values, and averaging the modification outlines. A CAD template generated in this manner should be the best general representation of a prosthetist's modification style. To test this hypothesis, 13 people with trans-tibial amputations were fitted with both a manual and a CAD/CAM socket. Questionnaires were completed by the subjects and by the prosthetist to obtain information on prosthetic comfort, function, and overall satisfaction. Ground reaction force and stride parameter data were also collected for each prosthesis during gait laboratory testing. No significant differences were found between the manually designed socket and the CAD/CAM designed socket for all data except the vertical peak forces on the amputated side. These results support the clinical application of this quantitative technique for making the transition from manual to CAD/CAM prosthetic modification procedures.
Glycosaminoglycans in the substrate adhesion sites of normal and virus-transformed murine cells (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlycosaminoglycans in the substrate adhesion sites of normal and virus-transformed murine cellsBarrett J. Rollins and Lloyd A. CulpCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 1, 141–148Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00568a022https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00568a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantum Computational Complexity of theN-Representability Problem: QMA Complete (2007)

We study the computational complexity of the N-representability problem in quantum chemistry. We show that this problem is quantum Merlin-Arthur complete, which is the quantum generalization of nondeterministic polynomial time complete. Our proof uses a simple mapping from spin systems to fermionic systems, as well as a convex optimization technique that reduces the problem of finding ground states to N representability.
Vienna Fortran 90 (2003)

Vienna Fortran 90 is a language extension of Fortran 90 which enables the user to write programs for distributed memory multiprocessors using global data references only. Performance of software on such systems is profoundly influenced by the manner in which data is distributed to the processors. Hence, Vienna Fortran 90 provides the user with a wide range of facilities for the mapping of data to processors. It combines the advantages of the shared memory programming paradigm with mechanisms for explicit user control of those aspects of the program which have the greatest impact on efficiency. The paper presents the major features of Vienna Fortran 90 and gives examples of their use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Using Polymer Electrolytes Based on Poly(ethylene oxide) with an Ionic Liquid (2007)

Abstract Polymer electrolytes were prepared by doping PEO:KI/I 2 with an ionic liquid (IL) 1‐ethyl 3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate (EMImSCN). FTIR confirmed composite nature while X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurement affirmed the reduction in crystallinity, when IL was added. The ionic conductivity was improved by the addition of IL. The photoelectrochemical effect of the IL–doping in the terms of the current density J sc and efficiency of a dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) has also been discussed.
Growth inhibition of a human lymphoma cell line: induction of a transforming growth factor-beta-mediated autocrine negative loop by phorbol myristate acetate. (1990)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) exerts profound inhibitory effects on a number of cell types, including normal B- and T-lymphocytes. In contrast, we have found a number of lymphoid tumor cell lines to be insensitive to the antiproliferative effects of TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2. Binding and cross-linking with radioiodinated TGF-beta 1 demonstrated either low or absent expression of all three TGF-beta receptor species on three B-cell tumor lines, but T-cell and non-T, non-B tumors expressed large numbers of receptors. Treatment of the B-cell lines with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced the expression of TGF-beta receptors and inhibited proliferation in all three lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The cell lines constitutively produced TGF-beta mRNA and released small amounts of latent TGF-beta; however, PMA induced the release of active TGF-beta. A neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta was able to reverse the PMA-induced growth inhibition of the malignant lymphoma cell line, RL, and addition of exogenous TGF-beta reversed the effect of the neutralizing antibody. Thus, TGF-beta can inhibit human lymphoma cell growth in vitro through an autocrine mechanism. Some lymphoma cells appear to have escaped from TGF-beta negative regulation by failing to express functional TGF-beta receptors and/or by failing to secrete active TGF-beta receptors and/or by failing to acts to inhibit lymphoma cell growth is by inducing the expression of TGF-beta receptors and the secretion of active TGF-beta, thereby reestablishing an autocrine growth-inhibitory loop.
Effects of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabinol and Cannabidiol, Alone and in Combinations, on Luteinizing Hormone and Prolactin Release and on Hypothalamic Neurotransmitters in the Male Rat (1990)

The acute effects of low oral doses of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidiol (CBD) administered alone or in combinations on LH and prolactin (PRL) secretion and on hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) dynamics were examined in adult male rats. Plasma LH levels were significantly reduced 60 min after administration of 0.5 mg THC/kg body weight and 30, 60 and 120 min after administration of THC + CBN or THC + CBD. There were no changes in plasma PRL in response to cannabinoid treatments. The turnover of NE in both the median eminence (ME) and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) was dramatically affected by all the cannabinoid treatments. Complete suppression of NE turnover occurred 30 min post-THC and 120 min post-THC + CBN in the ME and 120 min post-THC + CBD in the MBH. Cannabinoids did not significantly affect DA turnover in the MBH or the content of NE, DA, 5-HT or 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in either the ME or MBH. These data demonstrate that treatment of adult male rats with a low dose of THC suppresses LH secretion and that CBN and CBD potentiate this action of THC. Although the mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of LH release by cannabinoids cannot be positively identified from these experiments, the results suggest that alterations in hypothalamic noradrenergic activity may be involved in this effect.
Learning when to listen: detecting system-addressed speech in human-human-computer dialog (2012)

New challenges arise for addressee detection when multiple people interact jointly with a spoken dialog system using unconstrained natural language. We study the problem of discriminating computer-directed from human-directed speech in a new corpus of human-human-computer (H-H-C) dialog, using lexical and prosodic features. The prosodic features use no word, context, or speaker information. Results with 19% WER speech recognition show improvements from lexical features (EER=23.1%) to prosodic features (EER=12.6%) to a combined model (EER=11.1%). Prosodic features also provide a 35% error reduction over a lexical model using true words (EER from 10.2% to 6.7%). Modeling energy contours with GMMs provides a particularly good prosodic model. While lexical models perform well for commands, they confuse free-form system-directed speech with human-human speech. Prosodic models dramatically reduce these confusions, implying that users change speaking style as they shift addressees (computer versus human) within a session. Overall results provide strong support for combining simple acoustic-prosodic models with lexical models to detect speaking style differences for this task.
Structure determination of a new protein from backbone‐centered NMR data and NMR‐assisted structure prediction (2006)

Targeting of proteins for structure determination in structural genomic programs often includes the use of threading and fold recognition methods to exclude proteins belonging to well-populated fold families, but such methods can still fail to recognize preexisting folds. The authors illustrate here a method in which limited amounts of structural data are used to improve an initial homology search and the data are subsequently used to produce a structure by data-constrained refinement of an identified structural template. The data used are primarily NMR-based residual dipolar couplings, but they also include additional chemical shift and backbone-nuclear Overhauser effect data. Using this methodology, a backbone structure was efficiently produced for a 10 kDa protein (PF1455) from Pyrococcus furiosus. Its relationship to existing structures and its probable function are discussed.
Rapid Regulation of the Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway during Isoprene Synthesis (2004)

More volatile organic carbon is lost from plants as isoprene than any other molecule. This flux of carbon to the atmosphere affects atmospheric chemistry and can serve as a substrate for ozone production in polluted air. Isoprene synthesis may help leaves cope with heatflecks and active oxygen species. Isoprene synthase, an enzyme related to monoterpene synthases, converts dimethylallyl diphosphate derived from the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway to isoprene. We used dideuterated deoxyxylulose (DOX-d(2)) to study the regulation of the isoprene biosynthetic pathway. Exogenous DOX-d(2) displaced endogenous sources of carbon for isoprene synthesis without increasing the overall rate of isoprene synthesis. However, at higher concentrations, DOX-d(2) completely suppressed isoprene synthesis from endogenous sources and increased the overall rate of isoprene synthesis. We interpret these results to indicate strong feedback control of deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase. We related the emission of labeled isoprene to the concentration of labeled dimethylallyl diphosphate in order to estimate the in situ K(m) of isoprene synthase. The results confirm that isoprene synthase has a K(m) 10- to 100-fold higher for its allylic diphosphate substrate than related monoterpene synthases for geranyl diphosphate.
NanoSIMS: The Next Generation Ion Probe for the Microanalysis of Extraterrestrial Material (1999)

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is the method of choice for isotopic measurements at high spatial resolution. It is used to study a wide array of geological samples and in recent years has led to the creation of an entirely new scientific field: the laboratory study of individual grains of stardust [1]. So far these studies have been limited to particles larger than 1Eμm, whereas smaller grains actually constitute most of the mass of presolar material found in meteorites (as well as in dust populations observed astronomically). Clearly, a new type of ion probe is needed for precise isotopic characterization of submicron phases. This next generation ion probe is represented by the NanoSIMS, the first of which will soon be installed at Washington University. We have previously reported the results of several tests on this new instrument that verify its suitability for the analysis of extremely small phases [2]. The instrument will also be uniquely suited for studies of IDPs and comet dust returned by STARDUST. Furthermore, the high spatial resolution can bring a new level of detail to studies of zoning and grain boundary structures in igneous samples. The basic schematic of the NanoSIMS, designed by G. Slodzian, is shown in Figure 1. The instrument has been specially designed to optimize both sensitivity and selectivity [3]. It has evolved over several years and various prototypes [3-9] to the NanoSIMS of today, which is now commercially available from CAMECA. Its unique design, with a normal incidence primary beam and a small working distance of the immersion lens, results in a smaller primary beam spot and high secondary ion collection efficiency. The prototype has achieved primary ion beam diameters as small as 30Enm [3] and significantly higher secondary ion yields than the ims3f and even the ims1270 at mass resolutions up to 6000 [2]. In tests to measure the oxygen isotopic compositions of 300Enm standard particles, the NanoSIMS performed within limits imposed only by counting statistics, indicating that this type of measurement can be extended to particles that are even smaller [2]. In the NanoSIMS, a mass spectrum is displayed along the focal plane of the magnet, where moveable detectors can be adjusted for the parallel measurement of up to 6 masses. In fact, the NanoSIMS is the only instrument that will allow the simultaneous high precision measurement of C/C, Si/Si and Si/Si isotopic ratios at high lateral resolution.
Silver-coated fumed silica as a substrate material for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilver-coated fumed silica as a substrate material for surface-enhanced Raman scatteringA. M. Alak and . Vo Dinh TuanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 7, 656–660Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00182a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00182a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of the C/D/E and A/B Rings of Xestobergsterol-(A) (1999)

The A/B and the C/D/E rings of the xestobergsterol skeleton have been stereoselectively synthesized starting with testosterone and epiandrosterone, respectively. A deconjugative ketalization of the A-ring enone of testosterone provided a handle for functionalization of the B-ring. A stereoselective aldol condensation was used to incorporate the E-ring.
Clinical Usefulness of Home Oximetry Compared with Polysomnography for Assessment of Sleep Apnea (2004)

The practical purpose of diagnostic assessment in most cases of obstructive sleep apnea is to predict which patients have symptoms that will improve on treatment. We measured the accuracy with which clinicians make this prediction using polysomnography compared with oximeter-based home monitoring. Patients referred to a sleep center with suspicion of symptomatic obstructive sleep apnea were randomized to have polysomnography or home monitoring. Patients with comorbidity or physiologic consequences of sleep apnea were excluded. Sleep specialists estimated the likelihood of success of treatment as greater than 50% (predicted success) or less than 50% (predicted failure) on the basis of clinical data and test results. All patients were treated for 4 weeks with autoadjusting continuous positive airway pressure. Success was defined as an increase greater than 1.0 in Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index. Correct prediction rates were compared. Two hundred eighty-eight patients were enrolled. Initial patient characteristics, compliance, and improvement in quality of life at 4 weeks were not different in the two groups. The correct prediction rate was 0.61 with polysomnography and 0.64 with home monitoring (not significant). We conclude that the ability of physicians to predict the outcome of continuous positive airway treatment in individual patients is not significantly better with polysomnography than with home oximeter-based monitoring.
Intracellular Glutathione Levels in T Cell Subsets Decrease in HIV-Infected Individuals (1992)

The authors have shown previously that intracellular glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in the regulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transcription and replication in vitro, through modulation of signal transduction by inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, intracellular GSH levels are known to regulate T-lymphocyte function. In multiparameter FACS studies presented here, we show that relative GSH levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from HIV+ individuals are significantly lower than in corresponding subsets from uninfected controls. These studies define the relative intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes from 134 HIV-infected individuals and 31 uninfected controls. The greatest decreases in intracellular GSH occur in subsets of T cells in individuals in the later stages of the HIV infection. In AIDS patients, GSH levels are 63% of normal in CD4+ T cells (p less than 0.0001) and are 62% of normal in CD8+ T cells (p less than 0.0001). Similarly, in AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients, GSH levels are 66% of normal in CD4+ T cells (p less than 0.003) and are 69% of normal in CD8+ T cells (p less than 0.003). These findings suggest that low intracellular GSH levels may be an important factor in HIV infection and in the resulting immunodeficiency.
Optimal stochastic routing in low duty-cycled wireless sensor networks (2008)

We study a routing problem in wireless sensor networks where sensors are duty-cycled. When sensors alternate between on and off modes, delay encountered in packet delivery due to loss in connectivity can become a critical problem, and how to achieve delay-optimality is non-trivial. For instance, when sensors' sleep schedules are uncoordinated, it is not immediately clear whether a sensor with data to transmit should wait for a particular neighbor (who may be on a short route) to become available/active before transmission, or simply transmit to an available/active neighbor to avoid waiting. To obtain some insight into this problem, in this paper we formulate the above problem as an optimal stochastic routing problem, where the randomness in the system comes from random duty cycling, as well as the uncertainty in packet transmission due to channel variations. Similar framework has been used in prior work which results in optimal routing algorithms that are sample-path dependent, also referred to as opportunistic in some cases. We show such algorithms are no longer optimal when duty cycling is introduced. We first develop and analyze an optimal centralized stochastic routing algorithm for randomly duty-cycled wireless sensor network, and then simplify the algorithm when local sleep/wake states of neighbors are available. We further develop a distributed algorithm utilizing local sleep/wake states of neighbors which performs better than some existing distributed algorithms such as ExOR.
X-ray imaging with submicrometer resolution employing transparent luminescent screens (1998)

Microimaging techniques with synchrotron radiation demand fast, on-line x-ray detectors with a spatial resolution in the micrometer or submicrometer range. For this task an x-ray detector based on a transparent, i.e., nonscattering, luminescent screen has been developed. Its performance is described experimentally and theoretically. The detector consists of an Y3Al5O12:Ce screen, microscope optics, and a low-noise CCD camera, operated at x-ray energies between 10 and 50 keV. Good image quality is achieved if the depth of focus of the optical system is matched to the x-ray absorption length or thickness of the scintillator. A spatial resolution of 0.8 µm fwhm (1000 line pairs/mm with 10% contrast) was measured by recording the interferogram of a boron fiber. First applications in phase contrast imaging and microtomography are shown.
In Vivo Kinetics of GITR and GITR Ligand Expression and Their Functional Significance in Regulating Viral Immunopathology (2005)

This report evaluates the role of interaction between glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) and GITR ligand (GITR-L) in the immuno-inflammatory response to infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV). Both GITR and GITR-L were transiently upregulated after ocular HSV infection, on antigen-specific T cells and antigen-presenting cells, respectively, in the draining lymph node (DLN). In addition, virus-specific T-cell responses in the DLN and spleen were enhanced by anti-GITR antibody treatment, an outcome expected to result in more severe inflammatory lesions. Intriguingly, the treatment resulted in significantly diminished T-cell-mediated ocular lesions. The explanation for these findings was that anti-GITR antibody treatment caused a reduced production of ocular MMP-9, a molecule involved in ocular angiogenesis, an essential step in the pathogenesis of herpetic keratitis. Our results are the first observations to determine in vivo kinetics of GITR and GITR-L expression after virus infection, and they emphasize the role of GITR-GITR-L interaction to regulate virus-induced immuno-inflammatory lesions.