gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective chemical probe inhibitor of Stat3, identified through structure-based virtual screening, induces antitumor activity (2007)

S3I-201 (NSC 74859) is a chemical probe inhibitor of Stat3 activity, which was identified from the National Cancer Institute chemical libraries by using structure-based virtual screening with a computer model of the Stat3 SH2 domain bound to its Stat3 phosphotyrosine peptide derived from the x-ray crystal structure of the Stat3beta homodimer. S3I-201 inhibits Stat3.Stat3 complex formation and Stat3 DNA-binding and transcriptional activities. Furthermore, S3I-201 inhibits growth and induces apoptosis preferentially in tumor cells that contain persistently activated Stat3. Constitutively dimerized and active Stat3C and Stat3 SH2 domain rescue tumor cells from S3I-201-induced apoptosis. Finally, S3I-201 inhibits the expression of the Stat3-regulated genes encoding cyclin D1, Bcl-xL, and survivin and inhibits the growth of human breast tumors in vivo. These findings strongly suggest that the antitumor activity of S3I-201 is mediated in part through inhibition of aberrant Stat3 activation and provide the proof-of-concept for the potential clinical use of Stat3 inhibitors such as S3I-201 in tumors harboring aberrant Stat3.
Clinical experience with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. (1990)

The importance of Haemophilus influenzae type b as the main cause of serious bacteremic infections in young children and the consequent need for preventive measures have been widely appreciated since the 1970s. The knowledge that serum antibodies to the polysaccharide capsule of H influenzae type b increase with age and correlate with resistance to this infection encouraged work toward a vaccine based on the H influenzae type b polysaccharide. Such a vaccine was used in 1974 in a field trial in Finland. Two important lessons were learned. First, vaccine-induced antibodies to the polyribosylribitol-phosphate (PRP) polysaccharide correlated with protection from disease caused by H influenzae type b, so that the serum anti-PRP concentration predicting protection could be estimated as 1 microgram/mL. Second, the vaccine was not effective in infancy; protection and serum antibody concentrations above 1 microgram/mL were not observed before 18 to 24 months of age. The poor immunogenicity of PRP in infancy has been observed in a large number of studies and is shared by other bacterial polysaccharides. Although the reason for this is not known, the most likely hypothesis associates poor immunizing ability in infancy with the "T-independent" nature of these polysaccharide antigens. Such antigens would be unable to stimulate T lymphocytes; therefore, immunity to them would depend exclusively on B cells and antibodies produced by them. If infants, by and large, lack B cells that could be stimulated directly by a polysaccharide antigen, they cannot respond to the polysaccharide vaccine. This hypothesis immediately suggests possibilities for improvement of the vaccine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Use of Type V Group B Streptococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Adults 65–85 Years Old (2004)

One-third of the cases of invasive group B streptococcal (GBS) disease now occur in adults >or=65 years old. Serotype V is most frequent among these invasive isolates. The safety and immunogenicity of type V GBS capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-tetanus toxoid (V-TT) conjugate vaccine (CV) were assessed in 32 healthy adults 65-85 years old who were randomized to receive a single intramuscular dose of V-TT CV (n=22) or licensed tetanus-diphtheria toxoid vaccine (Td) (n=10; double-masked design). V-TT CV elicited significant increases in type V CPS-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, and IgA serum concentrations 4, 8, 26, and 52 weeks after immunization. V-TT-induced type V CPS-specific antibodies promoted the opsonophagocytic killing of type V GBS in vitro. Both vaccines elicited similar concentrations of TT-specific IgG in 4-week postimmunization serum samples. These results suggest the potential for prevention of invasive type V GBS infections in healthy elderly adults through immunization.
Inhibition of ureagenesis by valproate in rat hepatocytes. Role of N-acetylglutamate and acetyl-CoA (1983)

Valproate (0.5-5 mM) strongly inhibited urea synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes incubated with 10 mM-alanine and 3 mM-ornithine. Valproate at the same concentrations markedly decreased concentrations of N-acetylglutamate, an essential activator of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I (EC 6.3.4.16), in parallel with the inhibition of urea synthesis by valproate. This compound also lowered the cellular concentration of acetyl-CoA, a substrate of N-acetylglutamate synthase (EC 2.3.1.1); glutamate, aspartate and citrulline were similarly decreased. Valproate in a dose up to 2 mM did not significantly affect the cellular concentration of ATP and had no direct effect on N-acetylglutamate synthesis, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I and ornithine transcarbamoylase (EC 2.1.3.3) activities.
Molecular Modeling of Spider Silk Elasticity (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Modeling of Spider Silk ElasticityYves TermoniaCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 25, 7378–7381Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00103a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00103a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2620Altmetric-Citations395LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dendritic cell expression of the transcription factor T-bet regulates mast cell progenitor homing to mucosal tissue (2007)

The transcription factor T-bet was identified in CD4(+) T cells, and it controls interferon gamma production and T helper type 1 cell differentiation. T-bet is expressed in certain other leukocytes, and we recently showed (Lord, G.M., R.M. Rao, H. Choe, B.M. Sullivan, A.H. Lichtman, F.W. Luscinskas, and L.H. Glimcher. 2005. Blood. 106:3432-3439) that it regulates T cell trafficking. We examined whether T-bet influences homing of mast cell progenitors (MCp) to peripheral tissues. Surprisingly, we found that MCp homing to the lung or small intestine in T-bet(-/-) mice is reduced. This is reproduced in adhesion studies using bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) from T-bet(-/-) mice, which showed diminished adhesion to mucosal addresin cellular adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), endothelial ligands required for MCp intestinal homing. MCp, their precursors, and BMMCs do not express T-bet, suggesting that T-bet plays an indirect role in homing. However, adoptive transfer experiments revealed that T-bet expression by BM cells is required for MCp homing to the intestine. Furthermore, transfer of WT BM-derived dendritic cells (DCs) to T-bet(-/-) mice restores normal MCp intestinal homing in vivo and MCp adhesion to MAdCAM-1 and VCAM-1 in vitro. Nonetheless, T-bet(-/-) mice respond vigorously to intestinal infection with Trichinella spiralis, eliminating a role for T-bet in MC recruitment to sites of infection and their activation and function. Therefore, remarkably, T-bet expression by DCs indirectly controls MCp homing to mucosal tissues.
Substrate masking: binding of RNA by EGTA-inactivated micrococcal nuclease results in artifactual inhibition of RNA processing reactions (1990)

Inhibition of an RNA processing reaction after treatment with the Ca2(+)-dependent micrococcal nuclease (MN) is often used as a criterion for the presence of a required RNA or ribonucleoprotein component in the system. Following MN digestion, the nuclease is inactivated with EGTA and radiolabeled substrate is added to assay for remaining RNA processing activity. We found previously that inhibition of RNA processing by MN need not involve RNA hydrolysis: EGTA-inactivated MN can suppress RNA processing if the assay is performed in the absence of carrier RNA. We now demonstrate both by native gel electrophoresis and by nitrocellulose filter retention that EGTA-inactivated MN forms a complex with free RNA which can be dissociated by addition of synthetic polynucleotides or heparin. In the absence of Ca2+, nuclease binds to precursor tRNA with an apparent KD congruent to 1.4 x 10(-6) M, comparable to its reported affinity for DNA. In an assay for endonucleolytic tRNA maturation, inactivated MN bound to radiolabeled pre-tRNA physically blocks the sites of endonuclease cleavage and prevents tRNA processing. We call this phenomenon 'substrate masking'. Addition of excess carrier RNA competes with pre-tRNA for MN binding and restores normal processing.
The effects of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase on leukemic lymphocytes in vitro. (1972)

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, which irreversibly deaminates phenylalanine and tyrosine, markedly inhibited the growth of human leukemic and murine L5178Y lymphoblasts in vitro but had a negligible effect on resting (nondividing) normal lymphocytes. These studies also demonstrated that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibited DNA synthesis in leukemic cells at least as effectively as did asparaginase. Furthermore, neither cinnamic acid, coumaric acid and ammonia, the products of phenylalanine and tyrosine deamination, nor inactivated phenylalanine ammonia-lyase affected the growth of the lymphoblasts. These results suggest that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibited cell division by depriving these rapidly dividing cells of phenylalanine and tyrosine.
Configurable computing solutions for automatic target recognition (1996)

FPGAs can be used to build systems for automatic target recognition (ATR) that achieve an order of magnitude increase in performance over systems built using general purpose processors. This improvement is possible because the bit-level operations that comprise much of the ATR computational burden map extremely efficiently into FPGAs, and because the specificity of ATR target templates can be leveraged via fast reconfiguration. We describe here algorithms, design tools, and implementation strategies that are being used in a configurable computing system for ATR.
Serum antibody response to proteins of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis in patients with lower respiratory tract infection (1995)

We searched for antibodies against Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis proteins in the sera of patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Sera from 48 patients with M. catarrhalis and 39 patients without M. catarrhalis in their lower respiratory tract specimens were studied by a gel electrophoresis-immunoperoxidase technique; sera from 23 healthy adult blood donors were also included. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against a 28-kDa protein were found significantly more frequently in patients with M. catarrhalis in lower respiratory tract specimens (71%) than in patients without M. catarrhalis in lower respiratory tract specimens (28%) or healthy adult blood donors (22%). Seroconversion, from the acute to the convalescent stages, occurred in at least eight patients with M. catarrhalis and in one patient without detectable M. catarrhalis. IgG antibodies against other M. catarrhalis proteins were found in most sera, including those obtained from blood donors. By adsorption experiments the 28-kDa protein was demonstrated to be surface exposed. IgM antibodies against an 85-kDa protein were found in serum from one patient from whom M. catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated from the lower respiratory tract, while IgA antibodies against M. catarrhalis proteins could not be detected in any serum specimen.
Comparison of Waxy gene regulation in the endosperm and pollen in Oryza sativa L. (2000)

The Waxy (Wx) gene controls amylose synthesis in rice (Oryza sativa) and its expression is regulated organ-specifically. The Wx gene is expressed in the endosperm and pollen but not in other organs. In order to know whether Wx gene regulation is the same in the endosperm and pollen, we compared expression patterns of the rice Wx gene in these two organs by immunoblot analysis. We focused on the allelic differences (Wxa and Wxb), cool temperature response and effects of the mutation at the du loci. The results obtained are as follows. First, the quantitative regulation depending on two alleles, Wxa and Wxb, was common to both organs; Wx protein levels from the Wxa allele were about 10-fold higher than those from the Wxb allele in the pollen as well as in the endosperm. Second, in both the endosperm and pollen, expression of the Wxb gene, but not the Wxa gene, was enhanced in response to cool temperature. In contrast to these two types of regulation, analysis of two du mutants, 2035 (du1) and 76-3 (du2), revealed that the pattern of reduction in Wx protein levels in the pollen was distinct from that in the endosperm, suggesting that functions of the two du+ genes differ in these two organs.
Marking Parts To Aid Robot Vision (1981)

The premarking of parts for subsequent identification by a robot vision system appears to be beneficial as an aid in the automation of certain tasks such as construction in space. A simple, color coded marking system is presented which allows a computer vision system to locate an object, calculate its orientation, and determine its identity. Such a system has the potential to operate accurately, and because the computer shape analysis problem has been simplified, it has the ability to operate in real time.
1.4kW high peak power generation from an all semiconductor mode-locked master oscillator power amplifier system based on eXtreme Chirped Pulse Amplification(X-CPA) (2005)

The concept of eXtreme Chirped Pulse Amplification (X-CPA) is introduced as a novel method to overcome the energy storage limit of semiconductor optical amplifiers in ultrashort pulse amplification. A colliding pulse mode-locked semiconductor laser is developed as a master oscillator and generates 600fs pulses with 6nm bandwidth at 975nm. Using a highly dispersive chirped fiber Bragg grating (1600ps/nm) as an extreme pulse stretcher and compressor, we demonstrate ~16,000 times extreme chirped pulse amplification and recompression generating optical pulses of 590fs with 1.4kW of peak power. These pulses represent, to our knowledge, the highest peak power generated from an all semiconductor ultrafast laser system.
Flash Reduction and Patterning of Graphite Oxide and Its Polymer Composite (2009)

Graphite oxide (GO) is a promising precursor for the bulk production of graphene-based materials due to its relatively low cost of synthesis. The superior solvent processability of GO makes it particularly attractive for making composites by premixing with other materials. Typically, the reduction of GO has relied on either chemical agents or high temperature treatment. Here we report a room temperature, chemical-free flash reduction process where a photographic camera flash instantaneously triggers the deoxygenation reaction of GO by photothermal heating. Flash irradiation also rapidly creates a fused polymer composite from a random mixture of GO and polymer particles. Using a photomask, conducting patterns such as interdigitated electrode arrays can be readily made on flexible substrates.
Molecular Design and Chemical Synthesis of a Highly Potent Epothilone (2006)

De novo designed and synthesized methylthiopyrazole epothilone B boasts a stunning biological profile against tumor cells, with activity at sub-nanomolar (IC50=0.06 nm) concentrations.
Dynamic Interspinous Process Technology (2005)

These devices continue to be evaluated in clinical trials. Early results suggest a possible role in the management of degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine.
Particle shape enhances specificity of antibody-displaying nanoparticles (2013)

Monoclonal antibodies are used in numerous therapeutic and diagnostic applications; however, their efficacy is contingent on specificity and avidity. Here, we show that presentation of antibodies on the surface of nonspherical particles enhances antibody specificity as well as avidity toward their targets. Using spherical, rod-, and disk-shaped polystyrene nano- and microparticles and trastuzumab as the targeting antibody, we studied specific and nonspecific uptake in three breast cancer cell lines: BT-474, SK-BR-3, and MDA-MB-231. Rods exhibited higher specific uptake and lower nonspecific uptake in all cells compared with spheres. This surprising interplay between particle shape and antibodies originates from the unique role of shape in determining binding and unbinding of particles to cell surface. In addition to exhibiting higher binding and internalization, trastuzumab-coated rods also exhibited greater inhibition of BT-474 breast cancer cell growth in vitro to a level that could not be attained by soluble forms of the antibody. The effect of trastuzumab-coated rods on cells was enhanced further by replacing polystyrene particles with pure chemotherapeutic drug nanoparticles of comparable dimensions made from camptothecin. Trastuzumab-coated camptothecin nanoparticles inhibited cell growth at a dose 1,000-fold lower than that required for comparable inhibition of growth using soluble trastuzumab and 10-fold lower than that using BSA-coated camptothecin. These results open unique opportunities for particulate forms of antibodies in therapeutics and diagnostics.
Thin Film Deposition, Patterning, and Printing in Organic Thin Film Transistors (2004)

Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) will play an important role in future plastic electronic devices. The device performance is greatly affected by the molecular structure and morphology of the organic semiconductors. Various methods for organic semiconductor deposition are reviewed. Recent progress in printing and patterning of OTFTs are also surveyed.
Reassembled Biosynthetic Pathway for a Large-scale Synthesis of CMP-Neu5Ac (2003)

CMP-Neu5Ac is an important sugar nucleotide for biosynthesis of sialic acid and its conjugates. In this paper, a large-scale production system of CMP-Neu5Ac by a single strain is reported. The co-expression of Neu5Ac aldolase (EC4.1.3.3) and CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase (EC 2.7.7.43) was achieved by constructing individual genes into one plasmid and having a single culture that has both NeuAc aldolase and CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase activities. Overall this system only employed N-acetylmannosamine, excess of pyruvate and CTP to produce CMP-Neu5Ac. This work has demonstrated that a large-scale synthesis of sialic acid-derived oligosaccharides could be achieved economically and efficiently through a single, biosynthetic pathway engineered microorganism.
Instrumental Requirements for Nanoscale Liquid Chromatography (1996)

Nanoscale liquid chromatography (nano-LC), with packed columns of typically 75 μm i.d. × 15 cm length, packed with C18, 5 μm of stationary phase, and optimal flow rates of 180 nL/min, can be considered as a miniaturized version of conventional HPLC. Using the down-scaling factor, which corresponds to the ratio of the column diameter in square, (d(conv)/d(micro))(2), excellent agreement between the theoretically calculated values and the values obtained using the down-scaling factor (∼3800) has been observed. This factor was applied to all system components, including flow rate, injection and detection volumes, and connecting capillaries. Down-scaling of a conventional HPLC system to a nano-LC system is easy to realize in practice and involves using a microflow processor for nanoflow delivery (50-500 nL/min), a longitudinal nanoflow cell (≤3 nL), a microinjection valve (≤ 20 nL), low-dispersion connecting tubing, and zero dead volume connections. Excellent retention time reproducibility was measured with RSD values of ±0.1% for isocratic and ±0.2% for gradient elution. Plates counts of more than 100 000/m indicate the excellent performance of the entire nano-LC system. With minimal detectable amounts of proteins in the low femtomole and subfemtomole ranges (e.g., 520 amol for bovine serum albumin), high mass sensitivity was found, making nano-LC attractive for the microcharacterization of valuable and/or minute proteinaceous samples. Coupling nano-LC with concomitant mass spectrometry using nanoscale ion spray or electrospray interfaces looks very promising and is obviously the next step for future work.
Forskolin induces circadian gene expression of rPer1, rPer2 and dbp in mammalian rat‐1 fibroblasts (1999)

Mammalian culture cells have the potential for periodicity, since high concentrations of serum can elicit the circadian expression of clock genes in rat-1 fibroblasts. However, the mechanism by which serum affects circadian gene expression remains unclear. In the present study, we incubated rat-1 cells with forskolin and successfully induced the rhythmic expression of Per1, Per2 and dbp. In the initial step of the circadian gene expression, a marked transient induction of Per1 was observed accompanied with CREB phosphorylation. Thus the present study strongly suggests that CREB activation through the cAMP/PKA pathway is involved in the generation of circadian rhythm in rat-1 cells
Ion-beam-assisted etching of diamond (1985)

The high thermal conductivity, low rf loss, and inertness of diamond make it useful in traveling wave tubes operating in excess of 500 GHz. Such use requires the controlled etching of type IIA diamond to produce grating like structures tens of micrometers deep. Previous work on reactive ion etching with O2 gave etching rates on the order of 20 nm/min and poor etch selectivity between the masking material (Ni or Cr) and the diamond. We report on an alternative approach which uses a Xe+ beam and a reactive gas flux of NO2 in an ion-beam-assisted etching system. An etching rate of 200 nm/min was obtained with an etching rate ratio of 20 between the diamond and an aluminum mask.