gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PLATINUM DRUGS TAKE THEIR TOLL (2010)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPLATINUM DRUGS TAKE THEIR TOLLSmall firms struggle to make their compounds the new standard in CANCER THERAPYANN M. THAYERView Author Information C&EN HOUSTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2010, 88, 26, 24–28Publication Date (Print):June 28, 2010Publication History Published online27 March 2011Published inissue 28 June 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v088n026.p024https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v088n026.p024newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Cancer,Platinum Get e-Alerts
Expression of the NG2 proteoglycan enhances the growth and metastatic properties of melanoma cells (1998)

The human homologue of NG2, the human melanoma proteoglycan (HMP), is expressed on most human melanomas. To investigate the role of this proteoglycan in melanoma progression, we have attempted to identify functionally important molecular ligands for NG2. Immunohistochemical analysis of cell lines that endogenously express NG2/HMP suggests that NG2/HMP associates with CD44 and alpha4beta1 integrin, two molecules previously implicated in melanoma progression. Transfection of rat NG2 into the NG2-negative B16 mouse melanoma cell line also resulted in a highly colocalized pattern of expression between the transfected rat NG2 and the endogenously expressed mouse CD44 and alpha4beta1 integrin molecules. In functional assays, expression of NG2 decreased the adhesion of B16 melanoma cells to CD44 monoclonal antibodies, hyaluronic acid, the C-terminal 40-kDa fibronectin fragment, and the CS1 fibronectin peptide, suggesting that NG2 may negatively modulate CD44- and alpha4beta1-mediated binding events. Expression of NG2 increased the proliferation of melanoma cells in culture and increased tumorigenicity in vivo. Moreover, NG2 expression led to increased lung metastasis of B16F1 and B16F10 melanoma cells in experimental metastasis studies. Together, these studies demonstrate that NG2 is capable of modulating the adhesion, proliferation, and metastatic potential of melanoma cells.
Genome Organization of More Than 300 Defensin-Like Genes in Arabidopsis (2005)

Defensins represent an ancient and diverse set of small, cysteine-rich, antimicrobial peptides in mammals, insects, and plants. According to published accounts, most species' genomes contain 15 to 50 defensins. Starting with a set of largely nodule-specific defensin-like sequences (DEFLs) from the model legume Medicago truncatula, we built motif models to search the near-complete Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome. We identified 317 DEFLs, yet 80% were unannotated at The Arabidopsis Information Resource and had no prior evidence of expression. We demonstrate that many of these DEFL genes are clustered in the Arabidopsis genome and that individual clusters have evolved from successive rounds of gene duplication and divergent or purifying selection. Sequencing reverse transcription-PCR products from five DEFL clusters confirmed our gene predictions and verified expression. For four of the largest clusters of DEFLs, we present the first evidence of expression, most frequently in floral tissues. To determine the abundance of DEFLs in other plant families, we used our motif models to search The Institute for Genomic Research's gene indices and identified approximately 1,100 DEFLs. These expressed DEFLs were found mostly in reproductive tissues, consistent with our reverse transcription-PCR results. Sequence-based clustering of all identified DEFLs revealed separate tissue- or taxon-specific subgroups. Previously, we and others showed that more than 300 DEFL genes were expressed in M. truncatula nodules, organs not present in most plants. We have used this information to annotate the Arabidopsis genome and now provide evidence of a large DEFL superfamily present in expressed tissues of all sequenced plants.
Applications of liquid crystal spatial light modulators in optical communications (2003)

Advances in liquid crystal (LC) materials and VLSI technology have enabled the development of multi-phase spatial light modulators (SLM) that can perform high-resolution, dynamic optical beam positioning as well as temporal and spatial beam shaping in the 1550 nm optical communication window. These attractive features can effectively be used to achieve optical switching, optical spectral equalization, tunable optical filtering and many other functions that are important for future reconfigurable optical telecommunication networks. We review potential optical telecommunication applications based on LC-SLMs.
Subcarrier Suppressed Transmission Scheme for Satellite/Terrestrial Integrated Mobile Communication System (2010)

In this paper, we propose a subcarrier suppressed transmission scheme that improves the frequency utilization efficiency of STICS (Satellite/Terrestrial Integrated Mobile Communication System), which shares the same frequency band between satellite and land mobile systems. Applying our proposal to the OFDM-based land system overcomes the resource assignment limits of the frequency sharing scheme and yields new land spectrum resources. Computer simulations elucidate the interference suppression performance and the improvement in total average frequency utilization efficiency.
Crystal chemistry of silicate minerals of geophysical interest (1976)

Recent crystal chemical research on rock‐forming silicate minerals has focused on the accurate refinement of room temperature and high‐temperature crystal structures. The data are of sufficient accuracy to allow detailed examination of structural topology and intracrystalline equilibria and to provide some insight into exsolution phenomena, chemical bonding, and phase transitions. This paper summarizes the results of recent research on olivines, humites, garnets, aluminosilicates, pyroxenes, pyroxenoids, amphiboles, micas, silica minerals, feldspars, feldspathoids, and scapolites.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as Novel Targets for Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapeutics (2013)

Monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed death 1, programmed death ligand 1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 pathways are currently in development for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. By inhibiting these immune regulatory pathways, these agents improve the immune response to cancer with the goal of creating durable responses. Although still early in development, several agents have been studied in phases I and II setting for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, with 1 drug in phase III testing (nivolumab). The unique toxicity profile of this class of therapy presents challenges to the treating clinician. Ongoing clinical trials hope to define patients who will benefit based on predictive biomarkers. Immune checkpoint inhibitors may play a key role in the future of management of solid tumors including kidney cancer.
Fluorescent detection techniques for real-time multiplex strand specific detection of Bacillus anthracis using rapid PCR (1999)

Speed is a key area in our development of PCR assays for Bacillus anthracis. We believe that the strand specific detection of amplicons within 10 min is a realistic goal and that this will be achieved through fluorescent in-tube assays. We have used the Idaho LightCycler to study and develop candidate assays for B. anthracis. New strand specific fluorescent methods have been developed and a number of formats have been studied for speed and sensitivity. Internal controls have been developed as a method of improving our assay confidence. In this communication we will introduce the field of rapid PCR whilst discussing previous work in the areas described above, the development of our own rapid assay and a novel internal control system for B. anthracis. This work used PCR assays and hardware that are either commercially available, or have been previously described in open literature publications.
3D-guided CT reconstruction using time-of-flight camera (2011)

We propose the use of a time-of-flight (TOF) camera to obtain the patient's body contour in 3D guided imaging reconstruction scheme in CT and C-arm imaging systems with truncated projection. In addition to pixel intensity, a TOF camera provides the 3D coordinates of each point in the captured scene with respect to the camera coordinates. Information from the TOF camera was used to obtain a digitized surface of the patient's body. The digitization points are transformed to X-Ray detector coordinates by registering the two coordinate systems. A set of points corresponding to the slice of interest are segmented to form a 2D contour of the body surface. Radon transform is applied to the contour to generate the 'trust region' for the projection data. The generated 'trust region' is integrated as an input to augment the projection data. It is used to estimate the truncated, unmeasured projections using linear interpolation. Finally the image is reconstructed using the combination of the estimated and the measured projection data. The proposed method is evaluated using a physical phantom. Projection data for the phantom were obtained using a C-arm system. Significant improvement in the reconstructed image quality near the truncation edges was observed using the proposed method as compared to that without truncation correction. This work shows that the proposed 3D guided CT image reconstruction using a TOF camera represents a feasible solution to the projection data truncation problem.
THE EFFECTS OF ORAL PENTOXIFYLLINE ON THE CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME DURING INDUCTIVE OKT3 (1994)

The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) accompanying OKT3 therapy is a major cause of posttransplant morbidity. The pathogenesis of this syndrome has been attributed to the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and gamma-interferon in response on T lymphocyte stimulation by OKT3. The hemorrheologic agent pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits the synthesis of TNF alpha in vitro in response to a variety of stimuli, including OKT3. We performed a randomized, double-blinded trial of PTX during OKT3 induction in recipients of cadaveric renal allografts. Patients received either PTX 800 mg or placebo 2 hr before the initial dose of OKT3 and every 8 hr thereafter during the first 3 posttransplant days. Serum TNF alpha and IL-6 concentrations were measured pre-OKT3 and at 2 and 6 hr post-OKT3 on the first 3 posttransplant days. Despite the achievement of apparently adequate plasma levels of PTX and its active metabolites, no difference was observed in the incidence or severity of clinical manifestations of CRS. Serious manifestations of CRS--including acute pulmonary edema, encephalopathy, and aseptic meningitis--were not seen in either group. Serum TNF alpha and IL-6 concentrations were similar in PTX and control patients throughout the course of the study. Plasma levels of PTX and its active metabolites did not correlate with serum TNF alpha levels, serum IL-6 levels, or the incidence and severity of clinical manifestations of CRS.
A Simplification of Lee’s Method of Generating Holograms by Computer (1970)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. B. Burckhardt, "A Simplification of Lee's Method of Generating Holograms by Computer," Appl. Opt. 9, 1949-1949 (1970) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Aporetic Australia in The White Tiger, The Boat and The Hamilton Case (2012)

The paper investigates the significance of the aporetic presence of Australia in three important works of contemporary fiction that deal with Asian experience: The Hamilton Case (2003) by Michelle de Kretser, the story ‘Love and Honor and Pity and Pride and Compassion and Sacrifice’ from The Boat (2008) by Nam Le, and The White Tiger (2008) by Aravind Adiga. Each author has links to Australia. In the case of The White Tiger, the paper considers the different contexts in which it can be read, including specifically Indian English Fiction, and argues that Australia offers a further context, a disappearing point, as ‘a moral as well as a narrative alternative’. In the case of Nam Le’s story Australia appears as the enabling ground for a ‘defining but transitional, diasporic identity’. In The Hamilton Case Australia is an imaginary alternative and site for shape-changing and revenant stories. In considering these works as arguably examples of a new, mobile Asian Australian writing, the paper notes how they relate to and at the same time extend the parameters of Australian literature.
Targeting 6‐Phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/Fructose‐2,6‐Bisphosphatase‐4 (PFKFB4) in Cancer (2015)

High glycolytic flux, even in the presence of oxygen ( i.e. the Warburg effect), is a central neoplastic hallmark. Oncogenic activation and HIF‐1α over‐expression stimulate glycolysis by activating the 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatases (PFKFB1‐4) which synthesize fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphate (F2,6BP), a potent allosteric activator of the metabolic sensor, 6‐phosphofructo‐1‐kinase (PFK‐1). We recently found that PFKFB4 is highly expressed in multiple cancer cell types with disparate driver oncogenes, is strongly induced by hypoxia via HIF‐1α upregulation and that its suppression leads to decreased F2,6BP, glycolytic flux to lactate and the TCA cycle, increased apoptosis and inhibition of lung tumor growth in vivo . Importantly, compared with normoxia, silencing PFKFB4 in hypoxia significantly decreases survival and proliferation, indicating that PFKFB4 may be preferentially required for hypoxic survival and growth. Taken together, these data provide rationale for the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting PFKFB4. Using molecular modeling and receptor‐based virtual screening, we have identified a small molecule inhibitor of PFKFB4, termed 5MPN, that selectively inhibits recombinant PFKFB4 activity. We find that 5MPN: (i) decreases the F2,6BP, glucose uptake and proliferation of multiple cancer cells; (ii) selectively suppresses Ras‐transformed bronchial epithelial cell growth without affecting normal bronchial epithelial cells; and (iii) markedly reduces xenograft growth in vivo (IV and PO). Our data indicate that targeting PFKFB4 may be a viable therapeutic strategy against cancer and future studies will be aimed at the examination of 5MPN in combination with PFKFB3 inhibitors and other targeted anticancer agents.
Trabecular Surgery (1974)

Thirty-nine trabeculectomies were done in adult phakic eyes with open-angle glaucoma or chronic narrow-angle glaucoma; 74% were successful. Increasing age, race (white), no history of previous filtering surgery, and the presence of a bleb were associated with success. The unique advantages to this procedure are the reduction in the incidence of flat chamber postoperatively and the probable lower incidence of cataract formation. Trabeculotomies were done in 16 adult primary glaucomas and success was achieved in only 44%. Sixteen patients with aphakic eyes had trabeculectomies done. In only one of ten eyes with secondary glaucoma was success achieved, while in three of six eyes with open-angle glaucoma in aphakic eyes trabeculectomy was successful. Success was achieved in 71% of 14 cases of congenital and juvenile glaucoma with trabeculotomy or combination trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy.
<title>Laser welding of bone: successful in vitro experiments</title> (1994)

A method for `welding' bones is being developed. Tensile joint strengths of chicken bones welded in vitro have exceeded one kilogram. Welding was performed with either a Nd:YAG (1064 nm) or a diode laser (820 nm). Light was delivered with an optical fiber held a few millimeters from the bone surface. A solder was developed to assist in the welding process.
Mechanisms underlying the growth inhibitory effects of the cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib in human breast cancer cells (2005)

The disparate molecular mechanisms of celecoxib-induced growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells depends upon the level of COX-2 expression and the invasive potential of the cell lines examined. Data suggest a role for COX-2 not only in the growth of cancer cells but also in activating the angiogenic pathway through regulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor.
Effects of whole-body vibration training on fibrinolytic and coagulative factors in healthy young men. (2014)

Amplitude of vibrations in WBV training may affect fibrinolytic factors.
Discovery of small molecule inhibitors of MyD88-dependent signaling pathways using a computational screen (2015)

In this study, we used high-throughput computational screening to discover drug-like inhibitors of the host MyD88 protein-protein signaling interaction implicated in the potentially lethal immune response associated with Staphylococcal enterotoxins. We built a protein-protein dimeric docking model of the Toll-interleukin receptor (TIR)-domain of MyD88 and identified a binding site for docking small molecules. Computational screening of 5 million drug-like compounds led to testing of 30 small molecules; one of these molecules inhibits the TIR-TIR domain interaction and attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human primary cell cultures. Compounds chemically similar to this hit from the PubChem database were observed to be more potent with improved drug-like properties. Most of these 2(nd) generation compounds inhibit Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-1β production at 2-10 μM in human primary cells. Biochemical analysis and a cell-based reporter assay revealed that the most promising compound, T6167923, disrupts MyD88 homodimeric formation, which is critical for its signaling function. Furthermore, we observed that administration of a single dose of T6167923 completely protects mice from lethal SEB-induced toxic shock. In summary, our in silico approach has identified anti-inflammatory inhibitors against in vitro and in vivo toxin exposure with promise to treat other MyD88-related pro-inflammatory diseases.
Solid-Phase Handling of Hydrophobins:  Immobilized Hydrophobins as a New Tool To Study Lipases (2003)

Hydrophobins are fungal proteins that self-assemble spontaneously at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces and change the polar nature of the surfaces to which they attach. This attribute can be used to introduce hydrophobic foci on the surface of hydrophilic supports where hydrophobins are attached by covalent binding. In this paper, we report the binding of Pleurotus ostreatus hydrophobins to a hydrophilic matrix (agarose) to construct a support for noncovalent immobilization and activation of lipases from Candida antarctica, Humicola lanuginosa, and Pseudomonas flourescens. Lipase immobilization on agarose-bound hydrophobins proceeded at very low ionic strength and resulted in increased lipase activity and stability. The enzyme could be desorbed from the support using moderate concentrations of Triton X-100, and its enantioselectivity was similar to that of lipases interfacially immobilized on conventional hydrophobic supports. These results suggest that lipase adsorption on hydrophobins follows an "interfacial activation" mechanism; immobilization on hydrophobins offers new possibilities for lipase study and modulation and reveals a new application for fungal hydrophobins.
Effect of protein structure on mitochondrial import (2005)

Most proteins that are to be imported into the mitochondrial matrix are synthesized as precursors, each composed of an N-terminal targeting sequence followed by a mature domain. Precursors are recognized through their targeting sequences by receptors at the mitochondrial surface and are then threaded through import channels into the matrix. Both the targeting sequence and the mature domain contribute to the efficiency with which proteins are imported into mitochondria. Precursors must be in an unfolded conformation during translocation. Mitochondria can unfold some proteins by changing their unfolding pathways. The effectiveness of this unfolding mechanism depends on the local structure of the mature domain adjacent to the targeting sequence. This local structure determines the extent to which the unfolding pathway can be changed and, therefore, the unfolding rate increased. Atomic force microscopy studies find that the local structures of proteins near their N and C termini also influence their resistance to mechanical unfolding. Thus, protein unfolding during import resembles mechanical unfolding, and the specificity of import is determined by the resistance of the mature domain to unfolding as well as by the properties of the targeting sequence.
Measurement of inferior vena cava diameter for evaluation of venous return in subjects onday 10of a bed-rest experiment (2004)

We evaluated the usefulness of measurements of the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameters on abdominal echograms as an indicator of changes of venous return in subjects with orthostatic intolerance (OI) induced by simulated microgravity. We performed a standing test and recorded the IVC diameters on abdominal echograms in 12 subjects placed on a 20-day 6 degrees head-down-tilt bed-rest experiment. We found that different patterns of changes in IVC diameter occurred in the standing test on day 10 of the experiment; in five subjects with a marginal decrease in pulse pressure, IVC diameters in the upright position were markedly decreased compared with those in the supine position. In five subjects with feelings of discomfort, the IVC diameters in the upright position distended or did not decrease from those in the supine position. These results suggested that the changes in IVC diameter on the standing test indicated the presence of various types of hemodynamic responses of OI caused by simulated microgravity. In this study, we also evaluated changes in body-water compartments by conducting multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Longitudinal data analysis showed that the total body-water-to-fat-free mass and extracellular fluid-to-fat-free mass ratios decreased during the experimental period and recovered thereafter, and that the ratio of intracellular fluid to fat-free mass decreased during the experiment. No significant difference in changes in body-water compartments was seen among subjects with different patterns of changes in IVC diameters. Measurement of IVC diameter was useful to estimate hemodynamic changes in subjects with OI.