gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beam’s-eye-view dosimetrics (BEVD) guided rotational station parameter optimized radiation therapy (SPORT) planning based on reweighted total-variation minimization (2015)

Conventional VMAT optimizes aperture shapes and weights at uniformly sampled stations, which is a generalization of the concept of a control point. Recently, rotational station parameter optimized radiation therapy (SPORT) has been proposed to improve the plan quality by inserting beams to the regions that demand additional intensity modulations, thus formulating nonuniform beam sampling. This work presents a new rotational SPORT planning strategy based on reweighted total-variation (TV) minimization (min.), using beam’s-eye-view dosimetrics (BEVD) guided beam selection. The convex programming based reweighted TV min. assures the simplified fluence-map, which facilitates single-aperture selection at each station for single-arc delivery. For the rotational arc treatment planning and non-uniform beam angle setting, the mathematical model needs to be modified by additional penalty term describing the fluence-map similarity and by determination of appropriate angular weighting factors. The proposed algorithm with additional penalty term is capable of achieving more efficient and deliverable plans adaptive to the conventional VMAT and SPORT planning schemes by reducing the dose delivery time about 5 to 10 s in three clinical cases (one prostate and two head-and-neck (HN) cases with a single and multiple targets). The BEVD guided beam selection provides effective and yet easy calculating methodology to select angles for denser, non-uniform angular sampling in SPORT planning. Our BEVD guided SPORT treatment schemes improve the dose sparing to femoral heads in the prostate and brainstem, parotid glands and oral cavity in the two HN cases, where the mean dose reduction of those organs ranges from 0.5 to 2.5 Gy. Also, it increases the conformation number assessing the dose conformity to the target from 0.84, 0.75 and 0.74 to 0.86, 0.79 and 0.80 in the prostate and two HN cases, while preserving the delivery efficiency, relative to conventional single-arc VMAT plans.
Dielectric Materials and Applications (1955)

Theory dielectric measuring techniques dielectric materials and their applications - dielectric materials insulation strengths of high pressure gases and of vacuum liquid dielectrics plastics as dielectrics ceramics dielectrics in equipment dielectrics in power and distribution equipment dielectrics in electronic equipment dielectrics in capacitors rubber and plastics in cables problems of the cable engineer dielectric materials as devices rectifiers piezoelectric transducers and resonators magnetic and dielectric amplifiers memory devices dielectric requirements of the armed forces tables of dielectric materials
Identifying Molecular Targets of Lifestyle Modifications in Colon Cancer Prevention (2013)

One in four deaths in the United States is cancer-related, and colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-associated deaths. Screening strategies are utilized but have not reduced disease incidence or mortality. In this regard, there is an interest in cancer preventive strategies focusing on lifestyle intervention, where specific etiologic factors involved in cancer initiation, promotion, and progression could be targeted. For example, exposure to dietary carcinogens, such as nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons influences colon carcinogenesis. Furthermore, dietary deficiencies could alter sensitivity to genetic damage and influence carcinogen metabolism contributing to CRC. High alcohol consumption increases the risk of mutations including the fact that acetaldehyde, an ethanol metabolite, is classified as a group 1 carcinogen. Tobacco smoke exposure is also a risk factor for cancer development; approximately 20% of CRCs are associated with smoking. Additionally, obese patients have a higher risk of cancer development, which is further supported by the fact that physical activity decreases CRC risk by 55%. Similarly, chronic inflammatory conditions also increase the risk of CRC development. Moreover, the circadian clock alters digestion and regulates other biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes that could influence CRC. Taken together, colon carcinogenesis involves a number of etiological factors, and therefore, to create effective preventive strategies, molecular targets need to be identified and beleaguered prior to disease progression. With this in mind, the following is a comprehensive review identifying downstream target proteins of the above lifestyle risk factors, which are modulated during colon carcinogenesis and could be targeted for CRC prevention by novel agents including phytochemicals.
Surface-to-Surface Transition via Electromagnetic Coupling of Coplanar Waveguides (1987)

A transition is investigated which couples coplanar waveguide on one substrate surface (a motherboard) to coplanar waveguide on another substrate surface (a semiconductor chip or subarray) placed above the first. No wire bonds are necessary. A full-wave analysis using coupled line theory is presented and verified experimentally. The use of this transition for coupling to millimeter-wave integrated circuits is discussed.
Coherent optical QPSK intradyne system: concept and digital receiver realization (1992)

A receiver concept based on optical quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and a digital realization of synchronous demodulation including phase synchronization is presented. To keep the signal processing bandwidth low a phase diversity receiver, called an intradyne receiver, with an orthogonal electrical demodulation is proposed. Basic principles of the synchronous orthogonal and digital demodulation are described. After the evaluation of the shot noise limit some aspects of the digital phase-locked loop (PLL) are presented. In a 100-Mb/s transmission system a receiver sensitivity of -51.6 dBm has been measured. The loss in relation to the shot noise limit of -66.3 dBm (18 photons/b) is mostly due to the low local laser power and the influence of the receiver input noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nucleotide exchange and excision technology (NExT) DNA shuffling: a robust method for DNA fragmentation and directed evolution (2005)

DNA shuffling is widely used for optimizing complex properties contained within DNA and proteins. Demonstrated here is the amplification of a gene library by PCR using uridine triphosphate (dUTP) as a fragmentation defining exchange nucleotide with thymidine, together with the three other nucleotides. The incorporated uracil bases were excised using uracil-DNA-glycosylase and the DNA backbone subsequently cleaved with piperidine. These end-point reactions required no adjustments. Polyacrylamide urea gels demonstrated adjustable fragmentation size over a wide range. The oligonucleotide pool was reassembled by internal primer extension to full length with a proofreading polymerase to improve yield over Taq. We present a computer program that accurately predicts the fragmentation pattern and yields all possible fragment sequences with their respective likelihood of occurrence, taking the guesswork out of the fragmentation. The technique has been demonstrated by shuffling chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene libraries. A 33% dUTP PCR resulted in shuffled clones with an average parental fragment size of 86 bases even without employment of a fragment size separation, and revealed a low mutation rate (0.1%). NExT DNA fragmentation is rational, easily executed and reproducible, making it superior to other techniques. Additionally, NExT could feasibly be applied to several other nucleotide analogs.
Mechanical properties of prosthetic limbs: adapting to the patient. (2001)

Lower-limb amputees have identified comfort and mobility as the two most important characteristics of a prosthesis. While these in turn depend on a multitude of factors, they are strongly influenced by the biomechanical performance of the prosthesis and the loading it imparts to the residual limb. Recent years have seen improvements in several prosthetic components that are designed to improve patient comfort and mobility. In this paper, we discuss two of these: VSAP and prosthetic foot-ankle systems; specifically, their mechanical properties and impact on amputee gait are presented.
Prediction and Prevention of Recurrent Spontaneous Preterm Birth (2007)

Rates of preterm birth have continued to rise despite intensive research efforts over the last several decades. A woman who has a spontaneous preterm birth is at high risk for a subsequent preterm birth. Studies have identified clinical, sonographic, and biochemical markers that help to identify the women at highest risk. Determining cervical length and measuring cervicovaginal fibronectin have been proposed as useful tools for evaluating women at risk of preterm birth and may identify those who might benefit from a timely course of antenatal corticosteroids, but effective interventions to prevent preterm birth remain elusive. In the prevention of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth, recent trials have confirmed the use of progesterone beginning in the second trimester as an effective intervention. Optimal management of women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth includes a thorough review of the obstetric, medical, and social history, with attention to potentially reversible causes of preterm birth (eg, smoking cessation, acute infections, strenuous activities), accurate ultrasound dating, consideration of progesterone therapy beginning at 16-20 weeks of gestation, and close surveillance during the pregnancy for evolving findings. Results from the ongoing trials of cerclage as an interventional therapy and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation as a preventive therapy will provide additional knowledge for the optimal management of these high-risk women.
Assembly of the cadherin-catenin complex in vitro with recombinant proteins (1994)

The cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins is tightly associated with three proteins termed alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin. These accessory proteins are of central importance for the adhesive properties of this class of cell adhesion molecules. In order to examine the molecular architecture of the cadherin-catenin complex in more detail we have expressed the catenins and the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin as fusion proteins in Escherichia coli, and analyzed the interaction of purified recombinant cadherin and catenins in combinatorial protein-protein interaction experiments. The cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin cannot directly associate with alpha-catenin but interacts with high affinity with beta-catenin, whereas the binding of gamma-catenin (plakoglobin) to E-cadherin is less efficient. alpha- and beta-catenin assemble into a 1:1 heterodimeric complex. The analysis of various truncated beta-catenins revealed that an alpha-catenin binding site in beta-catenin is localized between amino acid positions 120 and 151. The central role of beta-catenin for the assembly of the heterotrimeric E-cadherin/alpha-catenin/beta-catenin complex in mixing experiments with all components was demonstrated. The reconstitution in vitro of the cadherin-catenin complex should allow the study of the interaction with signalling molecules and with the actin-based cytoskeleton.
Meldrum's acid in organic synthesis. 2. A general and versatile synthesis of .beta.-keto esters (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeldrum's acid in organic synthesis. 2. A general and versatile synthesis of .beta.-keto estersYuji Oikawa, Kiyoshi Sugano, and Osamu YonemitsuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 10, 2087–2088Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00404a066https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00404a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8263Altmetric-Citations288LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystal Structures of human HSP90alpha complexed with dihydroxyphenylpyrazoles (2004)

A series of dihydroxyphenylpyrazole compounds were identified as a unique class of reversible Hsp90 inhibitors. The crystal structures for two of the identified compounds complexed with the N-terminal ATP binding domain of human Hsp90alpha were determined. The dihydroxyphenyl ring of the compounds fits deeply into the adenine binding pocket with the C2 hydroxyl group forming a direct hydrogen bond with the side chain of Asp93. The pyrazole ring forms hydrogen bonds to the backbone carbonyl of Gly97, the hydroxyl group of Thr184 and to a water molecule, which is present in all of the published HSP90 structures. One of the identified compounds (G3130) demonstrated cellular activities (in Her-2 degradation and activation of Hsp70 promoter) consistent with the inhibition of cellular Hsp90 functions.
Standard conformable antenna diversity techniques for OFDM and its application to the DVB-T system (2002)

In this paper, we investigate different antenna diversity concepts, which can be easily applied to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The focus is to provide diversity schemes, which can be implemented to already existing OFDM systems without changing the standards. It is also possible to combine these techniques in a suitable manner. The introduced diversity techniques are applied to the DVB-T system for error performance investigations, which were done by simulation.
Relationship of receptor affinity to the modulation of thyroid hormone nuclear receptor levels and growth hormone synthesis by L-triiodothyronine and iodothyronine analogues in cultured GH1 cells. (1979)

We have previously demonstrated that L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) induces an increase in growth hormone synthesis and messenger RNA in cultured GH1 cells, a rat pituitary cell line. In addition to regulating the growth hormone response, L-T3 elicits a time- and dose-dependent reduction in the level of its nuclear receptor, which is a direct function of the occupancy of the receptor binding site. In this study we have compared the relative affinity of L-T3, triiodothyroacetic acid, D-triiodothyronine (D-T3), and L-thyroxine (L-T4) for the receptor with the induction of the growth hormone synthesis and the ability of these compounds to elicit a reduction in thyroid hormone nuclear receptor levels. Triiodothyroacetic acid and D-T3 were specifically examined because the biologic effect of these compounds in the intact rat is significantly lower than predicted by their affinity for the receptor using isolated rat liver nuclei in vitro. In intact cells each compound demonstrated an excellent relationship between the relative receptor affinity, the induction of growth hormone production, and the concentration-dependent reduction in nuclear receptor levels. With the exception of D-T3, the relative affinity of iodothyronine was identical for the receptor using intact cells in serum-free media, or isolated GH1 cell nuclei in vitro. The apparent receptor affinity of D-T3 with intact cells was 5.5-fold lower than with isolated nuclei, which suggests a decrease in cell entry of D-T3 relative to the other iodothyronines. Quantitation of the [125I]iodothyronine associated with the receptor in GH1 cells after a 36-h incubation with L-125I-T4 was 90% L-T4 and 10% L-T3, which indicates that the major effect of L-T4 in GH1 cells is a result of intrinsic L-T4 activity. Studies with dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells demonstrated that L-T3 induces growth hormone synthesis and elicits a reduction in nuclear receptor levels in the same fashion as GH1 cells. The observation that thyroid hormone influences dispersed rat pituitary cells in a fashion qualitatively similar to GH1 cells may have implications for the growth hormone response of the somatotroph cell in vivo to different thyroidal states.
Self-Immolative Polymersomes for High-Efficiency Triggered Release and Programmed Enzymatic Reactions (2014)

Stimuli-triggered disassembly of block copolymer vesicles or polymersomes has been conventionally achieved via solubility switching of the bilayer-forming block, requiring cooperative changes of most of the repeating units. Herein we report an alternative approach by incorporating hydrophobic blocks exhibiting stimuli-triggered head-to-tail cascade depolymerization features. Amphiphilic block copolymers bearing this motif self-assemble into self-immolative polymersomes (SIPsomes). By modular design of terminal capping moieties, visible light, UV light, and reductive milieu can be utilized to actuate SIPsomes disintegration into water-soluble small molecules and hydrophilic blocks. The design of SIPsomes allows for triggered drug co-release and controllable access toward protons, oxygen, and enzymatic substrates. We also demonstrate programmed (OR-, AND-, and XOR-type logic) enzymatic reactions by integrating SIPsome encapsulation and trigger/capping moiety-selective cascade depolymerization events.
Practical bit loading for DMT (2003)

In a previous work by Campello (see International Symposium on Information Theory, p.193, p.12-16, 1998), necessary and sufficient conditions for a discrete bit assignment to be the solution to the discrete bit loading problems were derived. In the present work, we make use of these results to derive fast algorithms that can be efficiently implemented in practice.
Traffic scene recognition based on deep cnn and vlad spatial pyramids (2017)

Traffic scene recognition is an important and challenging issue in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Recently, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models have achieved great success in many applications, including scene classification. The remarkable representational learning capability of CNN remains to be further explored for solving real-world problems. Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors (VLAD) encoding has also proved to be a powerful method in catching global contextual information. In this paper, we attempted to solve the traffic scene recognition problem by combining the features representational capabilities of CNN with the VLAD encoding scheme. More specifically, the CNN features of image patches generated by a region proposal algorithm are encoded by applying VLAD, which subsequently represent an image in a compact representation. To catch the spatial information, spatial pyramids are exploited to encode CNN features. We experimented with a dataset of 10 categories of traffic scenes, with satisfactory categorization performances.
Update on anti-CTLA-4 antibodies in clinical trials (2007)

Breaking immune tolerance against tumor self-antigens is presently an area of intense research in the design of cancer therapies. One possible method to enhance immune system activation against tumor antigens is by blocking the inhibitory co-stimulatory signals mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, (CTLA-4) expressed on activated T cells. The fully human monoclonal antibodies that are directed against human CTLA-4, ipilimumab (Medarex/Bristol-Myers Squibb) and CP-675,206 (Pfizer/Abgenix, now Amgen), have demonstrated activity against metastatic melanoma, hormone refractory prostate cancer and other malignancies. They have also uncovered unusual immune-related adverse events manifesting as self-limiting inflammatory reactions of the bowel, skin and pituitary. This article reviews preclinical development and data generated from Phase I, II and III studies with regard to the end points reported and immune-related adverse events.
Attonewton force detection using ultrathin silicon cantilevers (1997)

A measured force resolution of 5.6×10−18 N/Hz at 4.8 K in vacuum using a single-crystal silicon cantilever only 600 Å thick is demonstrated. The spring constant of this cantilever was 6.5×10−6 N/m, or more than 1000 times smaller than that of typical atomic force microscope cantilevers. The cantilever fabrication includes the integration of in-line tips so that the cantilever can be oriented perpendicular to a sample surface. This orientation helps suppress cantilever snap-in so that high force sensitivity can be realized for tip-sample distances less than 100 Å.
COMPLICATIONS OF CYCLOSPORINE-PREDNISONE IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN 402 RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS EXCLUSIVELY FOLLOWED AT A SINGLE CENTER FOR FROM ONE TO FIVE YEARS (1987)

The therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporine (CsA) as an immunosuppressive agent was complemented by a modest, long-term incidence of toxic complications in 402 renal allograft recipients engrafted one to five years prior to analysis. The overall patient and graft survivals at one year were 97% and 84% (actual), and at five years 92% and 67% (actuarial). The immunosuppressive therapeutic index was excellent: only 12% of allografts were lost from rejection, with 5% of patients succumbing to infection. While infections were common, tending to emanate in the urinary tract or to be viral in etiology, they were generally mild and readily controlled. Only four patients displayed malignancies; none succumbed to this cause. The most common toxic complication was hypertrichosis, which was accentuated in pediatric patients. While tremors occurred in 20% of patients, primarily during the first three months, other neuroectodermal complications of parethesias, depression, somnolence, and seizures were rare. Hepatotoxicity, which was noted in 50% of patients, particularly recipients of cadaveric grafts, generally was first seen as a transaminase elevation, at least partially reversible by dose-reduction and abating by the third year. Associated disturbances of cholelithiasis and pancreatitis were occasionally observed. Nephrotoxicity was the only persistent, long-term complication. Hypertension occurred in 72% of patients during the first month, 36% in the second year, and about 15% thereafter. Hyperuricemia, which occurred in about 30% of recipients during the first two years, was occasionally associated with symptomatic gout. The mean serum creatinine level remained elevated throughout the follow-up period at 1.8-1.9 mg/dl, suggesting persistent, but nonprogressive, drug-induced renal injury. The present analysis documents the relative safety of CsA for long-term therapy, and highlights the need for new approaches to ameliorate drug-induced nephrotoxicity.