gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Psychological Stress Perturbs Epidermal Permeability Barrier Homeostasis (2001)

These studies provide the first link between psychological status and cutaneous function in humans and suggest a new pathophysiological paradigm, ie, stress-induced derangements in epidermal function as precipitators of inflammatory dermatoses.
Methods of measurement on teletext receivers and decoders (1979)

The object of this standard is to standardise the conditions and methods of measurement to be used for the study of receivers and decoders for teletext broadcasting. Limiting values of the various quantities are specified but may need modification with increasing experience gained from equipment operating in the field. The standard constitutes a catalogue of selected measurements for assessing the essential properties of equipment of a given type. It is not limiting; if necessary additional measurements may be carried out. The recommended methods apply to a complete receivers or to decoding equipment. They also apply to that subunit of a complete receiver or decoder concerned with the acquisition and decoding of the data signal ignoring interface and power supply circuits. It should be realised that the measurements proposed and the limiting values quoted are subject to modification as mehods are refined and with the development of decoding techniques.
Experimental Closure of Arteriovenous Fistula by Transcatheter Electrocoagulation (1975)

Introduction of a small electric current by way of a catheter-placed electrode can completely occlude experimentally produced arteriovenous fistula. The occlusion appears permanent and without morbidity in experimental animals. This technique might be clinically useful in obliterating an arteriovenous fistula and controlling gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Generation of high-energy femtosecond pulses in multimode-core Yb-fiber chirped-pulse amplification systems (2001)

220-fs pulses with energies of ~100microJ have been generated by use of two different configurations of diode-pumped Yb-fiber chirped-pulse amplification systems. Energy scaling was demonstrated with 25-microm -core diameter fibers, in which stable diffraction-limited output (M(2)~1.1) was achieved. A two-stage fiber-amplifier system produced average powers of up to 5.5 W at ~1- MHz pulse-repetition rate. A double-pass configuration provided 53-dB gain in a single Yb-fiber amplifier stage, thus eliminating the necessity for multiple amplification stages as well as the need for using polarization-preserving fibers.
Object-Oriented Television (1995)

In search of more compression, researchers have recently sought to describe digital video of real scenes not as sequences of frames but rather as collections of objects that are rendered and combined according to scripting information. Depending upon the application and the scene analysis tools available, representations may range from two-dimensional layers to full three-dimensional computer-graphics-style data bases. The significance of these more meaningful representations goes beyond compression, however, enabling new forms of interactivity and personalization, as well as new degrees of freedom in post-production. This paper proposes a computational framework for a television receiver that can handle digital video in forms from “traditional” motion-compensated transform coders to sets of three-dimensional objects and discusses the requirements for a scripting language to control such a receiver. It is also noted that the concept of scalability can be expanded to include “intelligently resizable video,” where the originator of a video sequence can specify how the scene is to be composed and cut for displays of differing sizes and aspect ratios.
Complete amino acid sequences of variable regions of two human IgM rheumatoid factors, BOR and KAS of the Wa idiotypic family, reveal restricted use of heavy and light chain variable and joining region gene segments. (1987)

Evidence derived from the complete amino acid sequences of the variable regions of both the heavy and light chains of two members (BOR and KAS) of the Wa idiotypic family of human rheumatoid factors suggests that not only are the light chains of these molecules derived from possibly one variable region gene segment, but the heavy chain variable regions are all derived from the VHI subgroup of human V region genes. These molecules exhibit a surprising conservation in the size of D region, and all use the JH4 gene element. This restriction in use of VL, VH, D, and JH suggests all of these elements may play a crucial role in either antigen binding and/or expression of the crossreactive idiotype.
Swine Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis (1978)

Swine influenza vaccination was tolerated well by 61 multiple sclerosis patients. A new neurologic symptom developed in one patient, one noticed the recurrence of previous symptoms, and two patients experienced systemic signs of toxicity.
Humanized In Vivo Model for Streptococcal Impetigo (2000)

An in vivo model for group A streptococcal (GAS) impetigo was developed, whereby human neonatal foreskin engrafted onto SCID mice was superficially damaged and bacteria were topically applied. Severe infection, indicated by a purulent exudate, could be induced with as few as 1,000 CFU of a virulent strain. Early findings (48 h) showed a loss of stratum corneum and adherence of short chains of gram-positive cocci to the external surface of granular keratinocytes. This was followed by an increasing infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) of mouse origin, until a thick layer of pus covered an intact epidermis, with massive clumps of cocci accumulated at the outer rim of the pus layer. By 7 days postinoculation, the epidermis was heavily eroded; in some instances, the dermis contained pockets (ulcers) filled with cocci, similar to that observed for ecthyma. Importantly, virulent GAS underwent reproduction, resulting in a net increase in CFU of 20- to 14,000-fold. The majority of emm pattern D strains had a higher gross pathology score than emm pattern A, B, or C (A-C) strains, consistent with epidemiological findings that pattern D strains have a strong tendency to cause impetigo, whereas pattern A-C strains are more likely to cause pharyngitis.
Metamorphic Concentrator Solar Cells with Over 40% Conversion Efficiency (2007)

Multijunction III-V concentrator cells have attracted much interest for concentrator photovoltaic (PV) systems recently due to their unparalleled conversion efficiencies. As high as these efficiencies are, they can be made even higher if the combination of subcell bandgaps for the multijunction solar cell are chosen from metamorphic semiconductors that are not all lattice-matched to the same growth substrate. Advances in the design of metamorphic subcells to reduce carrier recombination and increase voltage, wide-bandgap tunnel junctions capable of operating at high concentration, metamorphic buffers to transition from the substrate lattice constant to the active subcells, concentrator cell AR coating and grid design, and integration into 3-junction cells current matched under the terrestrial spectrum have resulted in new heights in solar cell performance. A metamorphic Ga0.44In0.56P/ Ga0.92In0.08As/ Ge 3-junction solar cell from this research has reached a record 40.7% efficiency at 240 suns, under the standard reporting spectrum for terrestrial concentrator cells (AM1.5 direct, low-AOD, 24.0 W/cm 2 25°C), and experimental lattice-matched 3-junction cells have now also achieved over 40% efficiency, with 40.1% measured at 135 suns. This metamorphic 3-junction device is the first solar cell to reach over 40% in efficiency, and has the highest solar conversion efficiency for any type of photovoltaic cell developed to date.
Distribution and isolation of four laminin variants; tissue restricted distribution of heterotrimers assembled from five different subunits. (1990)

The distribution of subunits of the basement membrane proteins laminin and merosin in human and rabbit tissue was studied by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies. The laminin A chain is present in epithelial, endothelial, and smooth muscle basement membranes. Merosin, as defined by its heavy chain M, is present in striated muscle and peripheral nerve. The A subunit colocalizes with at least two B subunits: B2 plus either B1 or the recently discovered B1 homologue S. The M subunit most often colocalizes with B1 and B2. Exceptions include the myotendinous junction, where M colocalizes with S, and the trophoblast basement membrane, where the M subunit colocalizes with S as well as B1. The presence of all five known subunits of the laminin family in placenta allowed isolation of their parent molecules in native form by the use of monoclonal antibodies in affinity chromatography. Four different heterotrimeric proteins could be identified: B1 chain-containing laminin (A-B1-B2), S chain-containing laminin (A-S-B2), B1-containing merosin (M-B1-B2), and S-containing merosin (M-S-B2). The data show that the proteins in the laminin family are heterotrimers composed of one heavy and two light chains; that most basement membranes contain predominantly one protein of the laminin family; and that laminin, as defined by the A subunit, has a much more restricted distribution than previously thought.
Stage-Specific Characterization of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Axis in Prostate Cancer: Expression of Lymphangiogenic Markers Is Associated with Advanced-Stage Disease (2005)

Our results suggest that lymphangiogenic markers, such as VEGF-D and VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, may be better than angiogenic markers as targets of therapeutic intervention in advanced-stage prostate disease.
Characterization of the single-cell transcriptional landscape by highly multiplex RNA-seq (2011)

Our understanding of the development and maintenance of tissues has been greatly aided by large-scale gene expression analysis. However, tissues are invariably complex, and expression analysis of a tissue confounds the true expression patterns of its constituent cell types. Here we describe a novel strategy to access such complex samples. Single-cell RNA-seq expression profiles were generated, and clustered to form a two-dimensional cell map onto which expression data were projected. The resulting cell map integrates three levels of organization: the whole population of cells, the functionally distinct subpopulations it contains, and the single cells themselves-all without need for known markers to classify cell types. The feasibility of the strategy was demonstrated by analyzing the transcriptomes of 85 single cells of two distinct types. We believe this strategy will enable the unbiased discovery and analysis of naturally occurring cell types during development, adult physiology, and disease.
Giant peroxisomes in oleic acid-induced Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking the peroxisomal membrane protein Pmp27p. (1995)

We have purified peroxisomal membranes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae after induction of peroxisomes in oleic acid-containing media. About 30 distinct proteins could be discerned among the HPLC- and SDS-PAGE-separated proteins of the high salt-extracted peroxisomal membranes. The most abundant of these, Pmp27p, was purified and the corresponding gene PMP27 was cloned and sequenced. Its primary structure is 32% identical to PMP31 and PMP32 of the yeast Candida biodinii (Moreno, M., R. Lark, K. L. Campbell, and M. J. Goodman. 1994. Yeast. 10:1447-1457). Immunoelectron microscopic localization of Pmp27p showed labeling of the peroxisomal membrane, but also of matrix-less and matrix containing tubular membranes nearby. Electronmicroscopical data suggest that some of these tubular extensions might interconnect peroxisomes to form a peroxisomal reticulum. Cells with a disrupted PMP27 gene (delta pmp27) still grew well on glucose or ethanol, but they failed to grow on oleate although peroxisomes were still induced by transfer to oleate-containing media. The induced peroxisomes of delta pmp27 cells were fewer but considerably larger than those of wild-type cells, suggesting that Pmp27p may be involved in parceling of peroxisomes into regular quanta. delta pmp27 cells cultured in oleate-containing media form multiple buds, of which virtually all are peroxisome deficient. The growth defect of delta pmp27 cells on oleic acid appears to result from the inability to segregate the giant peroxisomes to daughter cells.
The induction of cytochrome P‐450 in Lodderomyces elongisporus (1981)

Abstract In the alkane‐utilizing yeast strain Lodderomyces elongisporus cytochrome P‐450 is induced by aliphatic hydrocarbons and to a lesser degree also by some of their derivatives. Cycloheximide and glucose inhibit the induction process, the former by inhibition of cytoplasmic translation, the latter presumably by catabolite repression. Among the nearly 40 checked compounds tetradecane and 1‐tetradecene are the most effective inducers. The branching of the alkyl chain as well as the terminal introduction of electrophilic atoms decrease the induction effect.
A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies to identify prostate cancer susceptibility loci associated with aggressive and non-aggressive disease (2013)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common genetic variants associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (PrCa), but these explain less than one-third of the heritability. To identify further susceptibility alleles, we conducted a meta-analysis of four GWAS including 5953 cases of aggressive PrCa and 11 463 controls (men without PrCa). We computed association tests for approximately 2.6 million SNPs and followed up the most significantSNPs by genotyping 49 121 samples in 29 studies through the international PRACTICAL and BPC3 consortia. We not only confirmed the association of a PrCa susceptibility locus, rs11672691 on chromosome 19, but also showed an association with aggressive PrCa [odds ratio = 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.21), P = 1.4 × 10-8]. This report describes a genetic variant which is associated with aggressive PrCa, which is a type of PrCa associated with a poorer prognosis.
Hirudin As Alternative Anticoagulant- A Historical Review (2002)

Advances in separation techniques and biotechnology have contributed to the development of anticoagulant agents from hematophagous animals. The most potent known natural thrombin inhibitor from blood-sucking leeches ( Hirudo medicinalis), hirudin has served as a standard for designing the natural coagulation inhibitors as an anticoagulant drug. The search for the development of hirudin from leech extract to genetically engineered products as an alternative anticoagulant has been resumed. The pharmacological profiling of the isolated thrombin inhibitor has shown that native hirudin is an antithrombotic agent of high quality. However, its clinical use has remained limited, because the substance has not been available in adequate amounts. The progress in molecular biology has stimulated the interest in the structure and function of hirudin. This development resulted in the production of recombinant hirudins (r-hirudins) through gene technology. The biological properties of hirudin combined with the ready availability of recombinant forms make the specific thrombin inhibitor well-suited for use as an antithrombotic drug. Its use should lead to a decisive progress in the management of thromboembolic diseases of both arterial and venous origin. Clinical trials, especially in diseases in which thrombin plays a crucial role, are in progress.
Human Gene Targeting by Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors Is Enhanced by DNA Double-Strand Breaks (2003)

The use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) to package gene-targeting vectors as single-stranded linear molecules has led to significant improvements in mammalian gene-targeting frequencies. However, the molecular basis for the high targeting frequencies obtained is poorly understood, and there could be important mechanistic differences between AAV-mediated gene targeting and conventional gene targeting with transfected double-stranded DNA constructs. Conventional gene targeting is thought to occur by the double-strand break (DSB) model of homologous recombination, as this can explain the higher targeting frequencies observed when DSBs are present in the targeting construct or target locus. Here we compare AAV-mediated gene-targeting frequencies in the presence and absence of induced target site DSBs. Retroviral vectors were used to introduce a mutant lacZ gene containing an I-SceI cleavage site and to efficiently deliver the I-SceI endonuclease, allowing us to carry out these studies with normal and transformed human cells. Creation of DSBs by I-SceI increased AAV-mediated gene-targeting frequencies 60- to 100-fold and resulted in a precise correction of the mutant lacZ reporter gene. These experiments demonstrate that AAV-mediated gene targeting can result in repair of a DNA DSB and that this form of gene targeting exhibits fundamental similarities to conventional gene targeting. In addition, our findings suggest that the selective creation of DSBs by using viral delivery systems can increase gene-targeting frequencies in scientific and therapeutic applications.
Recent developments in the field of oxa-Michael reactions (2011)

Oxa-Michael reactions, i.e. addition reactions of oxygen nucleophiles to conjugated systems, have traditionally received much less attention from the scientific community compared to the addition of carbon nucleophiles to conjugate acceptor systems (Michael reaction). This was mainly due to lack of reactivity and selectivity of these reactions. Within the last few years however, there has been a remarkable increase in publications focussing on method development as well as applications to natural product synthesis. This tutorial review discusses instructive examples that have substantially broadened the scope of oxa-Michael reactions.
Familial deficiency of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Biochemical basis for familial pyrimidinemia and severe 5-fluorouracil-induced toxicity. (1988)

Severe neurotoxicity due to 5-fluorouracil (FUra) has previously been described in a patient with familial pyrimidinemia. We now report the biochemical basis for both the pyrimidinemia and neurotoxicity in a patient we have recently studied. After administration of a "test" dose of FUra (25 mg/m2, 600 microCi[6-3H]FUra by intravenous bolus) to a patient who had previously developed neurotoxicity after FUra, a markedly prolonged elimination half-life (159 min) was observed with no evidence of FUra catabolites in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid and with 89.7% of the administered dose being excreted into the urine as unchanged FUra. Using a sensitive assay for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we demonstrated complete deficiency of enzyme activity in the patient and partial deficiency of enzyme activity in her father and children consistent with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Patients who are deficient in this enzyme are likely to develop severe toxicity after FUra administration.
Homology of bone-inductive proteins from human, monkey, bovine, and rat extracellular matrix. (1983)

Allogeneic implantation of rat extracellular demineralized diaphyseal bone matrix in subcutaneous sites induces a sequence of events resulting in the local differentiation of endochondral bone. However, xenogenic subcutaneous implantation of human, monkey, and bovine extracellular bone matrix into rat showed that bovine matrix had only a weak capacity to induce bone, whereas human and monkey matrix had none at all. This suggested that extracellular matrix-induced bone differentiation is apparently species-specific. We recently reported that the extraction of matrix with 4 M guanidine X HCl resulted in complete removal of the ability to induce endochondral bone differentiation, with the biological activity of the matrix being again restored when the extracted active matrix components (less than 50,000 daltons) were reconstituted with the inactive residue. To define the possible biochemical basis of species specificity, human, monkey, and bovine extracellular bone matrices were extracted with 4 M guanidine X HCl and the extracts were reconstituted with biologically inactive rat residue and bioassayed. The results were similar to those obtained with intact matrices and showed that total extracts of bovine matrix had a weak capacity to induce bone, whereas corresponding extracts of human and monkey matrix did not induce bone. However, partial purification by gel filtration of 4 M guanidine X HCl extracts from each species followed by reconstitution of the different fractions with inactive rat residue resulted in bone induction by all species from fractions containing proteins of less than 50,000 daltons. These observations demonstrate that species specificity of xenogenic extracellular bone matrix is due to immunogenic or inhibitory components (or both) in the guanidine X HCl residue and solubilized extracellular matrix components of greater than 50,000 daltons. These results imply that there is homology in the bone inductive proteins from human, monkey, bovine, and rat extracellular bone matrices.
Long-term use of oxy- and xylometazoline nasal sprays induces rebound swelling, tolerance, and nasal hyperreactivity. (1996)

It has been suggested but never confirmed, that the severity of the rebound swelling and rhinitis medicamentosa are directly proportional to the period during which the drug is used, to the frequency of its use, and to the amount of drug administered. However, no studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of various amounts of the vasoconstrictors on the development of rhinitis medicamentosa. Moreover, no in vivo studies have yet been performed to investigate whether benzalkonium chloride in nasal decongestant solutions affects the development of rhinitis medicamentosa. This study shows that rhinitis medicamentosa is a condition of nasal hyperreactivity, mucosal swelling and tolerance induced, or aggravated, by the overuse of topical vasoconstrictors with or without a preservative.
A Prominent Role for DC-SIGN+ Dendritic Cells in Initiation and Dissemination of Measles Virus Infection in Non-Human Primates (2012)

Measles virus (MV) is a highly contagious virus that is transmitted by aerosols. During systemic infection, CD150(+) T and B lymphocytes in blood and lymphoid tissues are the main cells infected by pathogenic MV. However, it is unclear which cell types are the primary targets for MV in the lungs and how the virus reaches the lymphoid tissues. In vitro studies have shown that dendritic cell (DC) C-type lectin DC-SIGN captures MV, leading to infection of DCs as well as transmission to lymphocytes. However, evidence of DC-SIGN-mediated transmission in vivo has not been established. Here we identified DC-SIGN(hi) DCs as first target cells in vivo and demonstrate that macaque DC-SIGN functions as an attachment receptor for MV. Notably, DC-SIGN(hi) cells from macaque broncho-alveolar lavage and lymph nodes transmit MV to B lymphocytes, providing in vivo support for an important role for DCs in both initiation and dissemination of MV infection.