gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defining CAR as a cellular receptor for the avian adenovirus CELO using a genetic analysis of the two viral fibre proteins (2001)

The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a high affinity receptor used by adenoviruses, including adenovirus type 5 (Ad5). The adenovirus fibre molecule bears the high affinity cell binding domain of Ad5, allowing virions to attach to CAR. The avian adenovirus CELO displays two fibre molecules on its capsid and it was logical to expect that the cell binding functions of CELO might also reside in one or both of these fibres. We had previously shown that the cell binding properties of CELO resemble Ad5, suggesting that the two viruses use similar receptors. Experiments with CAR-deficient CHO cells and CHO cells modified to express CAR demonstrated that CELO has CAR-dependent transduction behaviour like Ad5. Mutations were introduced into the CELO genome to disrupt either the long fibre 1 or the short fibre 2. A CELO genome with fibre 2 disrupted did not generate virus, demonstrating that fibre 2 is essential for some stage in virus growth, assembly or spread. However, a CELO genome with disrupted fibre 1 gene produced virus (CELOdF1) that was capable of entering chicken cells, but had lost both the ability to efficiently transduce human cells and the CAR-specific transduction displayed by wild-type CELO. The ability of CELOdF1 to transduce chicken cells suggests that CELOdF1 may still bind, probably via fibre 2, to a receptor expressed on avian but not mammalian cells. CELOdF1 replication was dramatically impaired in chicken embryos, demonstrating that fibre 1 is important for the in vivo biology of CELO.
Randomized phase 1b trial of MOR103, a human antibody to GM-CSF, in multiple sclerosis (2015)

This phase 1b study provides Class I evidence that MOR103 has acceptable tolerability in patients with MS.
Test of intron predictions reveals novel splice sites, alternatively spliced mRNAs and new introns in meiotically regulated genes of yeast (2000)

Correct identification of all introns is necessary to discern the protein-coding potential of a eukaryotic genome. The existence of most of the spliceosomal introns predicted in the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae remains unsupported by molecular evidence. We tested the intron predictions for 87 introns predicted to be present in non-ribosomal protein genes, more than a third of all known or suspected introns in the yeast genome. Evidence supporting 61 of these predictions was obtained, 20 predicted intron sequences were not spliced and six predictions identified an intron-containing region but failed to specify the correct splice sites, yielding a successful prediction rate of <80%. Alternative splicing has not been previously described for this organism, and we identified two genes (YKL186C/ MTR2 and YML034W) which encode alternatively spliced mRNAs; YKL186C/ MTR2 produces at least five different spliced mRNAs. One gene (YGR225W/ SPO70 ) has an intron whose removal is activated during meiosis under control of the MER1 gene. We found eight new introns, suggesting that numerous introns still remain to be discovered. The results show that correct prediction of introns remains a significant barrier to understanding the structure, function and coding capacity of eukaryotic genomes, even in a supposedly simple system like yeast.
The Long-Short Story of Movie Description (2015)

Generating descriptions for videos has many applications including assisting blind people and human-robot interaction. The recent advances in image captioning as well as the release of large-scale movie description datasets such as MPII-MD [28] and M-VAD [31] allow to study this task in more depth. Many of the proposed methods for image captioning rely on pre-trained object classifier CNNs and Long Short-Term Memory recurrent networks (LSTMs) for generating descriptions. While image description focuses on objects, we argue that it is important to distinguish verbs, objects, and places in the setting of movie description. In this work we show how to learn robust visual classifiers from the weak annotations of the sentence descriptions. Based on these classifiers we generate a description using an LSTM. We explore different design choices to build and train the LSTM and achieve the best performance to date on the challenging MPII-MD and M-VAD datasets. We compare and analyze our approach and prior work along various dimensions to better understand the key challenges of the movie description task.
Pixel Bar Charts: A Visualization Technique for Very Large Multi-Attribute Data Sets (2002)

Simple presentation graphics are intuitive and easy-to-use, but show only highly aggregated data presenting only a very small number of data values (as in the case of bar charts) and may have a high degree of overlap occluding a significant portion of the data values (as in the case of the x-y plots). In this article, the authors therefore propose a generalization of traditional bar charts and x-y plots, which allows the visualization of large amounts of data. The basic idea is to use the pixels within the bars to present detailed information of the data records. The so-called pixel bar charts retain the intuitiveness of traditional bar charts while allowing very large data sets to be visualized in an effective way. It is shown that, for an effective pixel placement, a complex optimization problem has to be solved. The authors then present an algorithm which efficiently solves the problem. The application to a number of real-world e-commerce data sets shows the wide applicability and usefulness of this new idea, and a comparison to other well-known visualization techniques (parallel coordinates and spiral techniques) shows a number of clear advantages.
Sexual hormone abnormalities in male patients with renal failure (2002)

Endocrine abnormalities are a common feature of chronic renal insufficiency w1,2x. Changes of androgen synthesis and metabolism develop early after the onset of renal insufficiency and are likely to be caused by primary hypogonadism anduor disturbances of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis. Uraemic toxins, co-morbidity, and concomitant drug administration are supposed to contribute to the observed changes, yet the exact mechanism remains unclear. Impaired function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis is not reversed by initiation of otherwise effective haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis therapy. In contrast, renal transplantation was reported to restore endocrine function, but study results are conflicting. A complete normalization as well as persistingly low testosterone levels have been described after transplantation and gonadotrophin levels were also reported to be persistingly high or normal w3,4x. Pathophysiology and pathogenesis
ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN NMDA-EVOKED RELEASE OF [3H]-DOPAMINE FROM STRIATAL SLICES (1992)

Evidence that excitatory amino acids act via N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors to evoke the release of catecholamines from axonal terminals and synaptosomes has been used to argue for the presence of pre-synaptic NMDA receptors. NMDA receptor agonists also generate nitric oxide (NO) which rapidly diffuses through neural tissue. We find that exogenously applied NO evokes [3H]-dopamine release from cultured neurons. This release is not blocked by the NMDA antagonist MK-801 nor by tetrodotoxin. Both NG-nitroarginine which inhibits NO synthesis, and hemoglobin which binds extracellular NO, block NMDA-evoked [3H]-dopamine release from striatal slices. A major role of endogenously-synthesized NO may be to evoke neurotransmitter release in local volumes of neural tissue.
Conditional particle filters for simultaneous mobile robot localization and people-tracking (2003)

Presents a probabilistic algorithm for simultaneously estimating the pose of a mobile robot and the positions of nearby people in a previously mapped environment. This approach, called the conditional particle filter, tracks a large distribution of person locations conditioned upon a smaller distribution of robot poses over time. This method is robust to sensor noise, occlusion, and uncertainty in robot localization. In fact, conditional particle filters can accurately track people in situations with global uncertainty over robot pose. The number of samples required by this filter scales linearly with the number of people being tracked, making the algorithm feasible to implement in real-time in environments with large numbers of people. Experimental results illustrate the accuracy of tracking and model selection, as well as the performance of an active following behavior based on this algorithm.
(±)‐2‐alkyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic esters by a catalyst and pressure dependent tandem reduction‐reductive amination reaction (2007)

Abstract magnified image A series of 2‐(2‐nitrobenzyl)‐substituted β‐keto ester derivatives has been subjected to reductive cyclization under catalytic hydrogenation conditions. The reactions were found to be highly dependent on the catalyst and hydrogen pressure used. Hydrogenation over 5% palladium‐on‐carbon at 4 atmospheres pressure produced complex mixtures of products that included predominantly 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline and quinoline products; at 1 atmosphere pressure, the same reactions gave mixtures containing predominantly tetrahydroquinoline and 1,4‐dihydroquinoline derivatives. Hydrogenation using 5% platinum‐on‐carbon was much cleaner and afforded the desired cis ‐ and trans ‐(±)‐2‐alkyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic esters, with the cis product predominating by ≥ 13:1.
Structural and Functional Characterization of DsbC, a Protein Involved in Disulfide Bond Formation in Escherichia coli (1995)

DsbC is a soluble protein of the bacterial periplasm that was identified genetically as being involved in protein disulfide formation. The gene sequence was corrected to include an additional proline residue and was then consistent with the molecular weight of the purified protein. Gel filtration and subunit hybridization indicate that DsbC is a stable dimer of identical subunits. Each subunit has a -Cys-Gly-Tyr-Cys- segment that forms an unstable and reactive disulfide bond; only the first cysteine residue is accessible, similar to thioredoxin and DsbA. The other two cysteine residues of DsbC form a buried, structural disulfide bond. The reactivities and stabilities of the active site disulfide bond of DsbC have been characterized and compared to that of DsbA. Both are very unstable and can be transferred rapidly to reduced proteins and peptides, although they differ somewhat in their kinetic reactivities. The two active sites of the DsbC dimer appear to function independently. DsbC is much more active than DsbA in catalyzing protein disulfide rearrangements, and this may be its main function in vivo.
Electrophoretic separations of proteins in capillaries with hydrolytically-stable surface structures (1990)

A procedure for obtaining highly stable coated capillaries for use in capillary electrophoresis (CE) is described. Reaction of surface-chlorinated fused silica capillaries with the Grignard reagent, vinyl magnesium bromide, followed by reaction of the vinyl group with acrylamide, results in an immobilized layer of polyacrylamide attached through hydrolytically stable Si-C bonds. This method is an extension of the capillary coating procedure described previously by Hjerten, differing in the means by which the polyacrylamide layer is bonded to the capillary walls. Capillaries treated in the manner described here can be used over a pH range of 2-10.5, without noticeable decomposition of the coating. In comparison to uncoated capillaries, separations of proteins using such coated capillaries are improved due to a reduction in protein adsorption to the capillary walls, although interaction is still present to some degree as evidenced by an inability to obtain plate counts as high as those predicted by theory. Electroosmotic flow is virtually eliminated in the coated capillaries, resulting in improved reproducibilities of protein migration times in comparison to uncoated capillaries. Additionally, peak skew is evaluated for model proteins and improvements are noted for the coated capillaries. Results are presented for separations of model protein mixtures, comparing the performance of the vinyl-bound polyacrylamide coated capillaries and uncoated capillaries at both high and low pH extremes.
Preparation and properties of some isomeric v-triazolopyridines-1- and 3-deaza-8-azapurines (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and properties of some isomeric v-triazolopyridines-1- and 3-deaza-8-azapurinesCarroll Temple Jr., B. H. Smith, and J. A. MontgomeryCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 23, 3601–3604Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00796a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00796a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER PROVIDES DURABLE CANCER CONTROL WITH EXCELLENT QUALITY OF LIFE: A STRUCTURED DEBATE (2000)

I believe that there is no better way to cure organ confined cancer than total surgical removal. Today continence and potency rates should be high. If not, a review of intraoperative videotapes of successful and unsuccessful cases can improve results. In men treated with radiotherapy stringent criteria for treatment response and quality of life outcomes are needed.
Neuropsychological Prediction of Conversion to Alzheimer Disease in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment (2006)

Mild cognitively impaired patients with memory plus other cognitive domain deficits, rather than those with pure amnestic MCI, constituted the high-risk group. Deficits in verbal memory and psychomotor speed/executive function abilities strongly predicted conversion to AD.
Growth of Ge Thick Layers on Si(001) Substrates Using Reduced Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (2006)

Growth of Ge thick layers with and without a low temperature Ge buffer has been investigated using reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition with emphasis on the evolution of surface morphology and its roughness. Growth at 400 °C exhibited a 200 s incubation period for which about 1 equivalent monolayer of Ge was deposited with a surface roughness of around 0.1 nm followed by an abrupt increase due to an island growth. Higher growth temperature resulted in shorter or no observed incubation period and led to rougher surface due to larger size of islands. Ge layers grown at 600 °C on at low temperature Ge buffer first grown at 400 °C exhibited around 1 nm surface roughness independent of the layer thickness, which is much lower than those at 400–600 °C without the low temperature buffer. The Ge thick layer with the low temperature Ge buffer had thinner defective interface of Ge/Si than that without the buffer.
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) +405G>C 5′-untranslated region polymorphism and increased risk of endometriosis in South Indian women: a case control study (2005)

The -460T/+405C haplotype in the VEGF gene, which is associated with lower promoter activity, was significantly less common in women with endometriosis than in controls. These data suggest that the +405G allele may influence the likelihood of a woman developing the disease.
Efficient nonlinear algorithm for envelope detection in white light interferometry (1996)

A compact and efficient algorithm for digital envelope detection in white light interferograms is derived from a well-known phase-shifting algorithm. The performance of the new algorithm is compared with that of other schemes currently used. Principal criteria considered are computational efficiency and accuracy in the presence of miscalibration. The new algorithm is shown to be near optimal in terms of computational efficiency and can be represented as a second-order nonlinear filter. In combination with a carefully designed peak detection method the algorithm exhibits exceptionally good performance on simulated interferograms.
Modeling Age Progression in Young Faces (2006)

We propose a craniofacial growth model that characterizes growth related shape variations observed in human faces during formative years. The model draws inspiration from the ‘revised’ cardioidal strain transformation model proposed in psychophysical studies related to craniofacial growth. The model takes into account anthropometric evidences collected on facial growth and hence is in accordance with the observed growth patterns in human faces across years. We characterize facial growth by means of growth parameters defined over facial landmarks often used in anthropometric studies. We illustrate how the age-based anthropometric constraints on facial proportions translate into linear and non-linear constraints on facial growth parameters and propose methods to compute the optimal growth parameters. The proposed craniofacial growth model can be used to predict one’s appearance across years and to perform face recognition across age progression. This is demonstrated on a database of age separated face images of individuals under 18 years of age.
Lysis of Trypanosoma brucei by a Toxic Subspecies of Human High Density Lipoprotein (1989)

Trypanosoma brucei brucei is an important pathogen of domestic cattle in sub-Saharan Africa and is closely related to the human sleeping sickness parasites, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. However, T. b. brucei is non-infectious to humans. The restriction of the host range of T. b. brucei results from the sensitivity of the parasite to lysis by toxic human high density lipoproteins (HDL) (Rifkin, M. R. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 3450-3454). We show in this report that trypanosome lytic activity is not a universal feature of all human HDL particles but rather that it is associated with a minor subclass of HDL. We have purified the lytic activity about 8,000-fold and have identified and characterized the subspecies of HDL responsible for trypanosome lysis. This class of HDL has a relative molecular weight of 490,000, a buoyant density of 1.21-1.24 g/ml, and a particle diameter of 150-210 A. It contains apolipoproteins AI, AII, CI, CII, and CIII, and monoclonal antibodies against apo-AI and apo-AII inhibit trypanocidal activity. In addition to these common apolipoproteins, the particles also contain at least three unique proteins, as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Treatment of the particles with dithiothreitol resulted in the disappearance of two of the proteins and abolished trypanocidal activity. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that these proteins were a disulfide-linked trimer of 45,000, 36,000, and 13,500-Da polypeptides and dimers of the 36,000- and 13,500-Da polypeptides or of 65,000- and 8,500-Da polypeptides. Studies on the lysis of T. b. brucei by the purified particle suggest that the lytic pathway may involve the uptake of the trypanocidal subspecies of HDL by endocytosis.
PCR Technology (1994)

A technique used to amplify the number of copies of a specific region of DNA, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is at the forefront of the dramatic development of biochemistry. A bestseller in its first edition, this second edition provides the tools for developing innovative approaches to using this leading technology. It includes theoretical co
High gas storage capacities and stepwise adsorption in a UiO type metal–organic framework incorporating Lewis basic bipyridyl sites (2013)

A UiO type MOF with Lewis basic bipyridyl sites was synthesized and structurally characterized. After being activated by Soxhlet-extraction, this MOF exhibits high storage capacities for H2, CH4 and CO2, and shows unusual stepwise adsorption for liquid CO2 and solvents, indicating a sequential filling mechanism on different adsorption sites.
Central Sleep Apnea in Patients due to Severe Aortic Stenosis (2010)

History. We report about the course of central sleep apnea (CSA) in 3 patients (70.3 +/- 15.2 years) with severe aortic stenosis (AS) (AVA </= 1.0 cm(2), NYHA 2.7 +/- 1.4). Investigations. Every patient received echocardiography, left/right-heart catheterization, and cardiorespiratory polygraphy before and 6 months after surgical aortic valve replacement (without right-heart catheterization during follow up). Course. Preoperatively all patients demonstrated reduced systolic left ventricular function (EF <55%). They had elevated pulmoraryarterialy pressures and severe CSA. After valve replacement left ventricular function and exercise capacity improved, as well as the severity of CSA. Conclusion. Patients with severe AS can develop CSA, which seems to improve after surgery. Patients with severe AS should be screened for CSA, because CSA might be an additional risk factor and hint that myocardial adaptation is exhausting.
Gold Coated Lanthanide Phosphate Nanoparticles for Targeted Alpha Generator Radiotherapy (2013)

Targeted radiotherapies maximize cytotoxicty to cancer cells. In vivo α-generator targeted radiotherapies can deliver multiple α particles to a receptor site dramatically amplifying the radiation dose delivered to the target. The major challenge with α-generator radiotherapies is that traditional chelating moieties are unable to sequester the radioactive daughters in the bioconjugate which is critical to minimize toxicity to healthy, non-target tissue. The recoil energy of the (225)Ac daughters following α decay will sever any metal-ligand bond used to form the bioconjugate. This work demonstrates that an engineered multilayered nanoparticle-antibody conjugate can deliver multiple α radiations and contain the decay daughters of (225)Ac while targeting biologically relevant receptors in a female BALB/c mouse model. These multi-shell nanoparticles combine the radiation resistance of lanthanide phosphate to contain (225)Ac and its radioactive decay daughters, the magnetic properties of gadolinium phosphate for easy separation, and established gold chemistry for attachment of targeting moieties.
Calibration of III-V Concentrator Cells and Modules (2006)

The paper reviews the calibration procedure for III-V multi-junction concentrator cells used at Fraunhofer ISE. This includes the measurement of the spectral response and the technique of spectrometric characterization under one-sun intensity level. The high light intensity calibration is performed using a flash simulator. It is discussed how the spectrum of the flash simulator influences the determined efficiency versus concentration ratio. Concentrator modules are measured outdoors. Taking a FLATCONreg test module with a maximum efficiency of 26.8 % as example, the distribution of measured outdoor efficiencies is discussed. Finally, it is shown how the temperature of the cells in the module can be derived using the indoor cell measurements