gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A family of PFC voltage regulator configurations with reduced redundant power processing (2001)

This paper discusses a systematic method for deriving basic converter configurations that achieve power factor correction (PFC) and voltage regulation. The discussion begins with a general three-port representation of power supplies that provide PFC and voltage regulation. Based on this representation and a power flow consideration, a systematic procedure is derived to generate all possible minimal configurations. Among these configurations, only a few have been known previously and used in practice. It is found that the efficiency of PFC voltage regulators can be improved by reducing the amount of redundant power to be processed by the constituent converters. A systematic circuit synthesis procedure is proposed for creating PFC voltage regulators with reduced redundant power processing. Experimental measurements verify the improved efficiency.
HLA Typing and Lymphocytotoxic Crossmatches using Conventional Techniques or Immunobeads (1991)

In a prospectively designed comparative study, HLA class I and class II typing was performed after B/T lymphocyte separation by nylon wool (NIH technique) or using immunomagnetic beads (IMB technique). Samples from 70 healthy individuals (group A) and from 47 patients with potential typing problems (group B) were examined. Complete typing failures occurred more frequently with NIH than with IMB. Except for class I in group A, the rate of correct decisions for antigen assignment was significantly higher with IMB. For class II serum reactions, specificity, predictive value and efficiency were superior for IMB, while sensitivity appeared higher for NIH. This can possibly be explained by a prozone effect which was observed in 9 of 36 titration experiments only with the IMB technique. Correlation of both methods in 104 crossmatches prior to kidney transplantation was poor using peripheral blood lymphocytes, but excellent with spleen cells. In addition to the important advantages of the IMB technique for potential problem cases, especially for class II, typing time is reduced to one third, which is of particular clinical importance in kidney transplantation. However, lymphocytotoxic crossmatches prior to transplantation, if performed by IMB, should be carried out using different serum dilutions or with donor spleen cells instead of peripheral blood lymphocytes.
W41/W41 blastocyst complementation: a system for genetic modeling of hematopoiesis (2009)

We report a rapid and highly efficient approach to generate mice in which the hematopoietic system is derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells. We show that ES cells injected into blastocysts from the c-kit-deficient W(41)/W(41) mouse strain have a clear advantage over the W(41)/W(41) blastocyst-derived inner cell mass cells in founding the hematopoietic system. Fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells from W(41)/W(41) blastocyst complementation embryos can be transplanted to establish large cohorts of bone marrow chimeras with hematopoiesis of practically pure ES-cell origin. Using ES cells with site-directed modifications, we show how this system can be used to drive inducible transgene expression in hematopoietic cells in a robust and reliable manner both in vitro and in vivo. The approach avoids the cost and time constraints associated with the creation of standard transgenic mouse strains while taking advantage of the sophisticated site-directed manipulations that are possible in ES cells.
Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species, Lipid Peroxidation, and Human Sperm Function (1989)

Recent studies have demonstrated that human spermatozoa are capable of generating reactive oxygen species and that this activity is significantly accelerated in cases of defective sperm function. In view of the pivotal role played by lipid peroxidation in mediating free radical damage to cells, we have examined the relationships between reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, and the functional competence of human spermatozoa. Using malondialdehyde production in the presence of ferrous ion promoter as an index of lipid peroxidation, we have shown that lipid peroxidation is significantly accelerated in populations of defective spermatozoa exhibiting high levels of reactive oxygen species production or in normal cells stimulated to produce oxygen radicals by the ionophore, A23187. The functional consequences of lipid peroxidation included a dose-dependent reduction in the ability of human spermatozoa to exhibit sperm oocyte-fusion, which could be reversed by the inclusion of a chain-breaking antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol. Low levels of lipid peroxidation also had a slight enhancing effect on the generation of reactive oxygen species in response to ionophore, without influencing the steady-state activity. At higher levels of lipid peroxidation, both the basal level of reactive oxygen species production and the response to A23187 were significantly diminished. In contrast, lipid peroxidation had a highly significant, enhancing effect on the ability of human spermatozoa to bind to both homologous and heterologous zonae pellucidae via mechanisms that could again be reversed by alpha-tocopherol. These results are consistent with a causative role for lipid peroxidation in the etiology of defective sperm function and also suggest a possible physiological role for the reactive oxygen species generated by human spermatozoa in mediating sperm-zona interaction.
The Preparation and Properties of a Helix-rich Fraction Obtained by Partial Proteolysis of Low Sulfur S-Carboxymethylkerateine from Wool (1967)

Abstract 1. The low sulfur fraction of S-carboxymethyl wool keratin, which has an α-helix content of about 50% in aqueous solution, has been subjected to partial proteolysis with the enzyme Pronase P to yield an acid-precipitable fraction with a helix content of about 85%. 2. The optimum conditions for the preparation of this fraction have been studied with respect to time, temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and Ca++ concentration. 3. In dilute solution the material appears to consist chiefly of particles with a molecular weight of about 41,000 and an axial ratio of 8:1 to 10:1. The dimensions are consistent with a multistranded, rod-like particle made up of probably three α-helical chains. 4. In 8 m urea, the particles break down irreversibly to a heterogeneous mixture, with molecular weights in the range 2000 to 5000, which suggests that peptide bonds are broken in the helical segment during proteolysis, but the integrity of the particle is maintained by its multistranded structure. Both gel chromatography and gel electrophoresis indicate that the helix-rich particle is derived from the major helical components of the low sulfur fraction of S-carboxymethyl wool keratin. 5. Amino acid analysis of the helix-rich fraction shows that, compared to the low sulfur fraction of S-carboxymethyl wool keratin, it is enriched in the helix-favoring residues lysine, leucine, alanine, and glutamic and aspartic acids and depleted in the helix-inhibiting residues S-carboxymethylcysteine, proline, serine, threonine, and glycine.
Infrared Fiber Optics (1998)

Introduction, Sanghera and Aggarwal Optical Transmission Theory, Lines and Klocek Glass Fiber Optics Silica Glass-Based Fibers, Bruce Fluoride Glass-Based Fibers, Sanghera, Busse, Aggarwal, and Rapp Chalcogenide Glass-Based Fibers, Nishii and Yamashita Crystalline Fiber Optics Single-Crystal Fibers, Chang and Djeu Polycrystalline Fibers, Butvina Other Systems Hollow Fibers, Gregory Applications of IR Transmitting Fibers, Druy Summary, Sanghera and Aggarwal Index
An Industry Perspective on the Utility of Short-Term Carcinogenicity Testing in Transgenic Mice in Pharmaceutical Development (2009)

International guidelines allow for use of a short-term cancer bioassay (twenty-six weeks) in transgenic mice as a substitute for one of the two required long-term rodent bioassays in the preclinical safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals. The two models that have gained the widest acceptance by sponsors and regulatory authorities are the CB6F1-RasH2 mouse hemizygous for a human H-ras transgene and the B6.129N5-Trp53 mouse heterozygous for a p53 null allele. The p53(+/-) model is of particular value for compounds with residual concern that genotoxic activity may contribute to tumorigenesis. The rasH2 model is an appropriate alternative without regard to evidence of genotoxic potential. Since results from a short-term bioassay can be obtained relatively early in drug development, there is the potential for more timely assessment of cancer risk for individuals in long-term clinical trials. Use of these models in preclinical safety evaluation also significantly reduces animal use, time, and manpower. Preliminary findings indicate that prediction of two-year rat bioassay outcomes based on data from chronic rat toxicity studies, together with early assessment of carcinogenic potential in short-term transgenic models, may have the potential to increase the timeliness and efficiency of strategies for the identification of human carcinogenic hazards.
Nonpreemptive scheduling algorithms for multimedia communication in local area networks (2002)

We consider a LAN-based multimedia information system like a Video On Demand (VOD) system that supports the retrieval of continuous media like motion video and sound. In the system, the server transmits the streams of continuous media on a shared communication channel while the continuity of multiple streams should be preserved. Several scheduling algorithms have been studied to guarantee the temporal constraints of time-critical messages, but there has been no study to schedule periodic transmission requests with variable bit rates (VBR), which results from the compression algorithms for motion video and sound. We suggest real-time scheduling algorithms that one is static and the other is dynamic, and an admission control algorithm to guarantee the delivery of continuous media. The characteristics of our algorithms are that it is nonpreemptive to save the overheads of preemption, and the static scheduling algorithm is proved to be optimal. It is shown through simulations that the performance of our dynamic scheduling algorithm is better than that of nonpreemptive Earliest Deadline First (EDF) algorithm, especially, under the assumption of variable bit rates.
Generation of 4-Dimensional CT Images Based on 4-Dimensional PET–Derived Motion Fields (2013)

Our results suggest that clinically relevant PET acquisition times can be used for the implementation of such an approach, making this an even more attractive solution considering the absence of the extra dose given by a standard 4D CT acquisition. Finally, this approach may be applicable to other multimodality devices such as PET/MR.
Demultiplexer design for multi-edge type LDPC coded modulation (2009)

Generally, the capacity-achieving signaling design for a specific channel should consider the joint optimization of channel coding and modulation. Nevertheless, coding theorists and practitioners have recognized that a well-designed LDPC code can achieve capacity-approaching performance universally across a range of data transmission and storage channels. A pronounced example is the forward error correction scheme adopted recently by the second generation standards for digital video broadcasting (DVB), wherein the same LDPC codes are expected to be reused over satellite, terrestrial and cable channels. However, to accommodate the spectral efficiency of different channel type, the coded bits should be mapped to the modulator judiciously. The well-known BICM strategy employs a large random bit interleaver, which typically yields good performance for an arbitrary choice of constellation mapper. However, it is problematic for high-speed coding and modulation due to the large amount of memory and circuits routing required. This motivates us to impose structural simplicity on the bit interleaver configuration so that the coded bits are de-multiplexed systematically into parallel groups to feed the constellation mapper. In this paper, we focus on the design of bit demultiplexers for multi-level modulations by applying the framework of multi-edge type (MET) LDPC. Since the channel-dependence of a given code ensemble is dominated by the mutual information between the input and output of the effective channel, we propose to simplify the analysis of the decoding behavior by using a set of surrogate binary erasure channels (BEC). Simulation results indicate that the proposed bit demultiplexer surpasses the performance of the heuristic interleaving strategy specified in second generation DVB standard for terrestrial channels (DVB-T2).
Growth-related Renal Type II Na/Pi Cotransporter (2002)

Growth is critically dependent on the retention of a variety of nutrients. The kidney contributes to this positive external balance. In the present study, we isolated a cDNA from the human and rat kidney that encodes a growth-related Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate (P(i)) cotransporter (type IIc). Microinjection of type IIc cRNA into Xenopus oocytes demonstrated sodium-dependent P(i) cotransport activity. Affinity for P(i) was 0.07 mm in 100 mm Na(+). The transport activity was dependent on extracellular pH. In electrophysiological studies, type IIc Na/P(i) cotransport was electroneutral, whereas type IIa was highly electrogenic. In Northern blotting analysis, the type IIc transcript was only expressed in the kidney and highly in weaning animals. In immunohistochemical analysis, the type IIc protein was shown to be localized at the apical membrane of the proximal tubular cells in superficial and midcortical nephrons of weaning rat kidney. Hybrid depletion experiments suggested that type IIc could function as a Na/P(i) cotransporter in weaning animals, but its role is reduced in adults. The finding of the present study suggest that the type IIc is a growth-related renal Na/P(i) cotransporter, which has a high affinity for P(i) and is electroneutral.
Chemosensitization of human prostate cancer using antisense agents targeting the type 1 insulin‐like growth factor receptor (2003)

This approach has potential for development as a clinical treatment for advanced prostate cancer and other chemoresistant tumours.
The key to the antiestrogenic mechanism of raloxifene is amino acid 351 (aspartate) in the estrogen receptor. (1998)

The crystallization of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the estrogen receptor (ER) with 17beta-estradiol and raloxifene [A. M. Brzozowski et al., Nature (Lond.), 389: 753-758, 1997] now provides a molecular basis for the biological activity of complexes as either agonists or antagonists. It is well established that the critical structural feature of antiestrogens is a correctly positioned alkylaminoethoxy side chain. The X-ray crystallography clearly shows that the alkylaminoethoxy side chain of raloxifene causes a specific and inappropriate molecular perturbation of the LBD and that the nitrogen in the side chain must hydrogen bond with aspartate 351 in the LBD of ER. We previously identified and characterized a naturally occurring mutation in the ER from a tamoxifen-stimulated transplantable human breast tumor line. The mutation is at AA351 of LBD, where the aspartate is changed to tyrosine (Asp351Tyr). In this report, we compared and contrasted the pharmacology of raloxifene to block or induce E2-stimulated increase in TGF-alpha mRNA in stable transfectants of ER-negative human breast cancer cells with the cDNAs from wild-type, mutant-amino acid (AA) 400 ER and mutant-AA 351 ER. Our results show that the mutation at AA 351 that replaces aspartate by tyrosine specifically changes the pharmacology of raloxifene from an antiestrogen to an estrogen. By contrast, a mutation at AA 400 does not, and the antiestrogenic properties of raloxifene are retained. These data and the fact that the nitrogen in the side chain must specifically interact with aspartate 351 makes this the key to the antiestrogenic activity of raloxifene.
Abnormal response to negative feedback in unipolar depression: evidence for a diagnosis specific impairment (1997)

Abnormal response to negative feedback is specific to a primary diagnosis of depression and may be a trait rather than a state factor of the disorder. These results are discussed in relation to the putative neuropathology of depression and also to cognitive and behavioural accounts of the disorder. The findings presented here have important implications for establishing a link between mood and cognition in unipolar depression.
DNAase footprinting a simple method for the detection of protein-DNA binding specificity (1978)

A method for studying the sequence-specific binding of proteins to DBA is described. The technique is a simple conjoining of the Maxam-Gilbert DNA-sequencing method and the technique of DNAase-protected fragment isolation. Fragments of a 5' end-labelled, double-stranded DNA segment, partially degraded by DNAase in the presence and absence of the binding protein, are visualized by electrophoresis and autoradiography alongside the base-specific reaction products of the Maxam-Gilbert sequencing method. It is then possible to see the protective "footprint" of the binding protein on the DNA sequence. The binding of lac repressor to lac operator is visualized by "footprinting" as an example. Equillibrium estimates indicate that 10-fold sequence-specificity (differential binding constant) could be studied easily using this technique.
Quantum dot nanoscale heterostructures for solar energy conversion (2012)

Quantum dot nanoscale semiconductor heterostructures (QDHs) are a class of materials potentially useful for integration into solar energy conversion devices. However, realizing the potential of these heterostructured systems requires the ability to identify and synthesize heterostructures with suitably designed materials, controlled size and morphology of each component, and structural control over their shared interface. In this review, we will present the case for the utility and advantages of chemically synthesized QDHs for solar energy conversion, beginning with an overview of various methods of heterostructured material synthesis and a survey of heretofore reported materials systems. The fundamental charge transfer properties of the resulting materials combinations and their basic design principles will be outlined. Finally, we will discuss representative solar photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical devices employing QDHs (including quantum dot sensitized solar cells, or QDSSCs) and examine how QDH synthesis and design impacts their performance.
FastRIPP: RFID Privacy Preserving protocol with Forward Secrecy and Fast Resynchronisation (2007)

In the next future radio frequency identiflcation (RFID) systems will be so pervasive that everyone will wear (maybe unawares) a kit of personal tags. However, a major concern that prevents a wide diffusion of this emerging technology is privacy. Several proposed protocols try to solve the privacy issue, but are exposed to many others security flaws, such as denial of service or lack of forward secrecy. One recently proposed solution addressing all these problems is RIPP-FS: an RFID identification protocol that guarantees privacy, authentication and forward secrecy, allowing the reading of many tags at once. While efficient, RIPP-FS requires some extra computations on the tag side when a tag misses several consecutive queries from the reader. In this paper we propose FastRIPP, an efficient protocol that significantly reduces the exposed overhead. This improvement is inspired by an efficient hash traversal amortization technique that uses fractal hash sequence representation. We analyzed the performances of the proposed protocol compared with the original version of RIPP-FS. The results of extensive simulations confirm the gain of performance of the proposed protocol. Finally, note that the proposed solution could be adopted by other RFID identification protocols as well.
Enhancement of Oral Absorption in Selective 5-HT1DReceptor Agonists:  Fluorinated 3-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]indoles (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTEnhancement of Oral Absorption in Selective 5-HT1D Receptor Agonists: Fluorinated 3-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]indolesJosé L. Castro, Ian Collins, Michael G. N. Russell, Alan P. Watt, Bindi Sohal, Denise Rathbone, Margaret S. Beer, and Josephine A. StantonView Author Information Chemistry and Biochemistry Departments, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, U.K. Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 15, 2667–2670Publication Date (Web):June 30, 1998Publication History Received1 April 1998Published online30 June 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm980204ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm980204erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1204Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Agonists,Piperidines,Receptors,Rodent models Get e-Alerts