gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three new members of the serine-aspartate repeat protein multigene family of Staphylococcus aureus (1998)

Three new genes encoding the serine-aspartate (SD) repeat-containing proteins SdrC, SdrD and SdrE were found in Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman. The SD repeats had earlier been found in the S. aureus fibrinogen-binding clumping factors ClfA and ClfB. The clfA and clfB genes encode high-molecular-mass fibrinogen-binding proteins that are anchored to the cell surface of S. aureus. The sdr genes now reported are closely linked and tandemly arrayed. The putative Sdr proteins have both organizational and sequence similarity to ClfA and ClfB. At the N-terminus, putative secretory signal sequences precede approximately 500 residue A regions. The A regions of the Sdr and Clf proteins exhibit only 20-30% residue identity when aligned with any other member of the family. The only conserved sequence is the consensus motif TYTFTDYVD. The Sdr proteins differ from ClfA and ClfB by having two to five additional 110-113 residue repeated sequences (B-motifs) located between region A and the R-region. Each B-motif contains a consensus Ca2+-binding EF-hand loop normally found in eukaryotic proteins. The structural integrity of recombinant SdrD(B1-B5) protein comprising the five B-repeats of SdrD was shown by bisANS fluorescence analysis to be Ca2+-dependent, suggesting that the EF-hands are functional. When Ca2+ was removed the structure collapsed to an unfolded conformation. The original structure was restored by addition of Ca2+. The C-terminal R-domains of the Sdr proteins contain 132-170 SD residues. These are followed by conserved wall-anchoring regions characteristic of many surface proteins of Gram-positive bacteria. The sdr locus was present in all 31 S. aureus strains from human and bovine sources tested by Southern hybridization, although in a few strains it contained two rather than three genes.
Versatile surface functionalization of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) with sputtered SiO2 thin film for potential BioMEMS applications (2009)

Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) is a new class of thermoplastic polymers used for a variety of applications ranging from bio-sensing to optics. However, lack of functional groups and intense surface hydrophobicity hamper further development and application of this material. Here, we describe fabrication and characterization of SiO2–COC hybrid material (oxCOC), which provides a desirable substrate for microfluidic devices and subsequent surface modifications. The deposited SiO2 thin film on COC surface was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The new SiO2–COC hybrid was found to have similar high optical transmission properties as that of pristine COC. Profilometric and AFM analysis revealed no dramatic change in morphology or surface roughness of functionalized COC. The SiO2–COC hybrid appeared to be stable in most of the solvents evaluated and could be further modified by other compounds, such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTES). The new SiO2–COC hybrid material and the robust fabrication method are expected to enable a variety of BioMEMS applications.
Supramolecular architectures generated by self-assembly of guanosine derivatives (2006)

Nature's use of a simple genetic code to enable life's complex functions is an inspiration for supramolecular chemistry. DNA nucleobases carry the key information utilizing a variety of cooperative and non-covalent interactions such as hydrophobic, van der Waals, pi-pi stacking, ion-dipole and hydrogen bonding. This tutorial review describes some recent advances in the form and function provided by self-assembly of guanine (G) based systems. We attempt to make connections between the structures of the assemblies and their properties. The review begins with a brief historical context of G self-assembly in water and then describes studies on lipophilic guanosine analogs in organic solvents. The article also focuses on examples of how G analogs have been used as building blocks for functional applications in supramolecular chemistry, material science and nanotechnology.
Modeling the Interactions between Polymers and Clay Surfaces through Self-Consistent Field Theory (1998)

Using numerical self-consistent field (SCF) calculations, we investigate the interactions between two closely spaced surfaces and the surrounding polymer melt. Short chains (surfactants) are terminally anchored to each of the surfaces. The coated substrates model organically modified clay crystallites (sheets). Through the calculations, we vary the characteristics of the surfactants and polymers to isolate conditions that drive the polymer to penetrate the gap between the surfaces. We also consider the effect of employing end-functionalized chains to promote the dispersion of bare clay sheets within the polymer matrix. We find that this scheme provides a robust method for exfoliating the sheets. To consider this case in greater depth, we develop an analytical SCF theory to model the interactions among the functionalized chains, nonfunctionalized polymers, and the clay sheets. The results from the numerical and analytical SCF models show good agreement on the behavior of the system. The results indicate that the optimal polymeric candidates for creating stable exfoliated composites are those that would constitute optimal steric stabilizers for colloidal suspensions.
Nonionic Surfactants: Physical Chemistry (1987)

Surface Monolayers, Hermann Lange and Peter Jeschke Adsorption and Wetting, Milan J. Schwuger and Wolfgang von Rybinski Micelle Formation in Aqueous Media, Kenjiro Meguro, Minour Ueno, and Kunio Esumi Micelle Formation and Catalysis in Nonaqueous Media, Kijiro Kon-no, Ayao Kitahara, and Omar A. El Seoud Thermodynamics of Micelle Formation, Denver G. Hall Solubilization, Raymond A. Mackay Phase Equilibria of Nonionic Surfactants and the Formation of Microemulsions, Johan SjOblom, Per Steinius, and Ingvar Danielsson Macroemulsions, Paul Becker and Martin J. Schick HLB of Nonionic Surfactants: PIT and EIP Methods, Leszek Marszall W/O/W-Type Multiple Emulsions, Sachio Matsumoto Effect of Nonionic Surfactants on the Stability of Dispersions, David B. Hough and Lurie Thompson Structure and Dynamics by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering, Linda J. Magid Detergency, Martin J. Schick Foaming, Martin J. Schick and Irving Schmolka Polymer-Surfactant Interactions, Shuji Saito Configuration and Hydrodynamic Properties of the Polyoxethylene Chain in Solution, Frederick E. Baily, Jr. and Joseph V. Koleske Structure and Dynamics by NMR and Other Methods, Anthony A. Robeiro and Edward A. Dennis Stability of the Polyoxethylene Chain, Max Donbrow
Desegregation and Resegregation after Brown: Implications for Multicultural Teacher Education (2004)

(2004). Desegregation and Resegregation after Brown: Implications for Multicultural Teacher Education. Multicultural Perspectives: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 26-32.
Antibody conjugates with morpholinodoxorubicin and acid cleavable linkers (1990)

Antibody-morpholinodoxorubicin conjugates were prepared for targeted immunotherapy of human melanoma. Spacer molecules that differ in hydrolytic stability were employed between the C-13 of the drug and amino residue of lysine on the monoclonal antibody. Antibody-drug conjugates were made with five structurally different morpholinodoxorubicin derivatives including oxime, phenylhydrazone, (sulfonylphenyl)hydrazone, and acylhydrazone moieties. Hydrolytic stability of the antibody conjugates directly correlated with their in vitro cytotoxicity against melanoma cells. Derivatives or conjugates with the greatest hydrolytic stability showed the least cytotoxicity.
Disease epidemics and entrepreneurial tipping points: Models of venture viability from customer and financier perspectives. (2006)

Whereas discovery is fundamental to entrepreneurship, there is low understanding of how and why some discovered opportunities spread through market systems. We draw from epidemiological theories of how contagious viruses spread through human populations and propose adaptations of epidemic principles to describe venture spread patterns. We profile venture ideas via epidemiological dimensions (contact rate, market size, adoption rate, useful life). Next, we cross-reference those dimensions to entrepreneurial and financier orientation dimensions. Implications are relevant to the strategic decisions of entrepreneurs and investment decisions of financiers.
Preparation of Certain Amines (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Certain AminesEdward J. Schwoegler and Homer. AdkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 12, 3499–3502Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01267a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01267a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1111Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inkjet-printed point-of-care immunoassay on a nanoscale polymer brush enables subpicomolar detection of analytes in blood (2017)

The ELISA is the mainstay for sensitive and quantitative detection of protein analytes. Despite its utility, ELISA is time-consuming, resource-intensive, and infrastructure-dependent, limiting its availability in resource-limited regions. Here, we describe a self-contained immunoassay platform (the "D4 assay") that converts the sandwich immunoassay into a point-of-care test (POCT). The D4 assay is fabricated by inkjet printing assay reagents as microarrays on nanoscale polymer brushes on glass chips, so that all reagents are "on-chip," and these chips show durable storage stability without cold storage. The D4 assay can interrogate multiple analytes from a drop of blood, is compatible with a smartphone detector, and displays analytical figures of merit that are comparable to standard laboratory-based ELISA in whole blood. These attributes of the D4 POCT have the potential to democratize access to high-performance immunoassays in resource-limited settings without sacrificing their performance.
A new mixing of Hartree–Fock and local density-functional theories (1993)

Previous attempts to combine Hartree–Fock theory with local density-functional theory have been unsuccessful in applications to molecular bonding. We derive a new coupling of these two theories that maintains their simplicity and computational efficiency, and yet greatly improves their predictive power. Very encouraging results of tests on atomization energies, ionization potentials, and proton affinities are reported, and the potential for future development is discussed.
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on tissue composition parameters in a murine cachexia model (2006)

CLA alleviates cachectic symptoms in some experimental models. In a 2x2 factorial design, 12 female 1 mo old C57BL/6 mice were injected with LP‐BM5 murine retrovirus (to induce cachexia) and 12 were used as controls. Mice were fed diets containing 0 or 1.68% CLA (50/50 cis ‐9, trans ‐11 and trans ‐10, cis ‐12) (BASF AG, Germany) for 88 d. CLA increased the content (41%) and mass (14%) of carcass protein in healthy mice but had no effect on the protein yield in cachectic mice. Both CLA and cachexia markedly reduced the content (72 and 51%, respectively) and amount (83 and 60%, respectively) of carcass fat and CLA decreased carcass fat (&gt;50%) in cachectic mice. Carcass water was increased by the main effects of cachexia and CLA, but in cachectic mice, CLA had no effect on water variables. Cachexia decreased heart weight (34%), kidney weight (29%) and increased spleen weight (94%) while CLA had no effect on these organs. CLA increased liver weight by 69% in healthy and 33% in cachectic mice and increased hepatic lipid content by 65% in healthy and 37% in cachectic mice. CLA increased the carcass and liver content of cis ‐9, trans ‐11 (&lt;0.1 vs. 2.3% and &lt;0.1 vs. 1.7%, respectively) and trans ‐10, cis ‐12 CLA (&lt;0.1 vs. 1.6% and &lt;0.1 vs. 0.5% respectively). CLA decreased 18:2 content in carcass (46%) and liver (66%) lipids but differentially regulated 20:4 levels in carcass and liver lipids (66 increase and 65% decrease, respectively). Cachexia increased the content of most LCPUFA (i.e. ≥20:2) in both carcass and liver lipids. In conclusion, CLA reduced body fat in cachectic animals but was unable to increase muscle mass as it did in healthy mice.
Protecting bus-based hardware IP by secret sharing (2008)

Our work addresses protection of hardware IP at the mask level with the goal of preventing unauthorized manufacturing. The proposed protocol based on chip locking and activation is applicable to a broad category of electronic systems with a primary bus. Such designs include (1) numerous IP offerings for USB, PCI, PCI-E, AMBA and other bus standards typically used in system-on-a-chip designs and computer peripherals, (2) SRAM-based FPGAs that are programmed through an input bus, (3) general-purpose and embedded microprocessors, including soft cores, (4) DSPs, (5) network processors, and (6) game consoles. Our key insight is that such designs can be locked by scrambling the central bus by controlled reversible bit-permutations and substitutions. To securely establish a unique code per chip to control bus scrambling, we employ true random number generators and Diffie-Hellman cryptography during activation.
Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC) Separation of Furanonaphthoquinones from Tabebuia impetiginosa. (2000)

The separation of nine furanonaphthoquinones by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) is described. The running electrolytes used in this method were 0.03 M sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in 0.09 M borate buffer (pH 9) containing 10% methanol, with an applied voltage of 20 kV. Application of this technique in the determination of the main furanonaphthoquinones, 5-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione, 8-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione, and 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione, of Tabebuia impetiginosa is demonstrated in this paper.
Soybean leghemoglobin gene family: normal, pseudo, and truncated genes. (1982)

Leghemoglobin (Lb) genes in soybean represent a small family of closely related genes. Three Lb sequences isolated from a genomic library were analyzed at the nucleotide sequence level. A Lb gene present on an 11.5-kilobase (kb) EcoRI genomic fragment spans approximately 1,200 nucleotides and is interrupted at amino acid positions 32 to 33, 68 to 69, and 103 to 104. The intervening sequences, as well as the 5' and 3' flanking regions of this gene, contain the consensus sequences found in other eukaryotic genes. The length of the 5'-untranslated region is 49 bases as determined by nuclease S1 mapping. R-loop analysis of the DNA from the recombinant phage containing the 11.5-kb EcoRI genomic fragment showed that another Lb gene is located 2.5 kb away. The nucleotide sequence of the second gene showed that this gene is incomplete, containing only exons 3 and 4. The deduced amino acid sequence of this gene, although showing 76% homology with the corresponding region of the other Lb gene, is not represented in any of the known Lb proteins. Both genes are oriented in the same direction with respect to the coding strand. Analysis of the sequence present on a second genomic clone containing a 4.2-kb EcoRI fragment revealed a truncated Lb gene showing homology with the last exon and the noncoding region at the 3' end of the two other Lb genes.
NMR analysis of the O‐antigen polysaccharide from Escherichia coli strain F171 (2003)

Abstract The structure of the O‐antigen polysaccharide from Escherichia coli strain F171 has been determined. NMR analysis of the polysaccharide showed that it was composed of pentasaccharide repeating units. The 1 H and 13 C signals were assigned by 2D NMR techniques which revealed severe spectral overlap for key resonances at substitution positions. The structure of the repeating unit was deduced from 1 H, 13 C HMBC and, in particular, by 1 H, 1 H NOESY experiments as follows: The structure is identical with that of the O‐antigen from Escherichia coli O25 previously determined by chemical degradation methods and the strain F171 should therefore belong to this serogroup. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Expression of foreign DNA in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1989)

A chimeric octopine synthase-neomycin phosphotransferase (ocs-nptII) gene was used to transform Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to kanamycin resistance. Southern hybridization using DNA isolated from one transformant, T6.1, indicated that the entire ocs-nptII gene and at least part of the plasmid were integrated into nuclear DNA. Neomycin phosphotransferase II activity has been detected in T6.1 cell extracts. Northern hybridizations, employing a radiolabeled ocs-nptII sequence, revealed a T6.1 transcript approximately the same size as a homologous transcript isolated from E. coli carrying the nptII gene. Although T6.1 is an extremely rare examiple of a stable C. reinhardtii transformant, its occurence nevertheless indicates that bacterial genes can be expressed in the nucleus of the alga.
Differential expression of small chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, PG-I/biglycan and PG-II/decorin, by vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells in culture. (1991)

Cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle (BASM) and endothelial (BAE) cells, like articular chondrocytes, synthesize two populations of small chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) proteoglycans (PGs) of similar size as PG-I/biglycan and PG-II/decorin. However, Northern blot analyses demonstrated that BAE cells express detectable amounts of mRNA transcripts only for PG-I/biglycan, whereas BASM cells and articular chondrocytes express mRNA transcripts for both PG-I/biglycan and PG-II/decorin. Endothelial cells from human umbilical vein also expressed detectable amounts of mRNA transcripts only for PG-I/biglycan, and not PG-II/decorin. Antiserum raised against bovine PG-II/decorin immunoprecipitated an apparent single PG species with relative molecular mass (Mr) of approximately 120,000-180,000 from BASM cell and articular chondrocyte cultures but failed to immunoprecipitate an equivalent PG species from BAE cell cultures, consistent with the results from Northern blot analysis. In contrast, immunoprecipitations by antisera to PG-I/biglycan indicated that cultured endothelial cells synthesize two forms of PG-I/biglycan with Mr values slightly larger than 200,000 and 120,000-140,000. It is likely, based on the magnitude of the size difference, that these two forms of PG-I/biglycan differ in the number of glycosaminoglycan chains. Additionally, BASM but not BAE cells were found to express detectable amounts of mRNA transcripts for type I collagen. The above results indicate that the two main cell types of the vascular wall, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, express different sets of small interstitial CS/DS PGs and that the synthesis of PG-II/decorin by these cells correlates with the expression of type I collagen, a collagen known to interact specifically with this PG. These differences in the expression of extracellular matrix molecules may be important in regulating the cell type-specific functions of endothelial and smooth muscle cells within the vascular tissue.
Generation of Terahertz radiation with two color semiconductor lasers (2007)

Abstract We discuss and analyze concepts for the generation of tuneable continuous wave terahertz (THz) radiation with two color diode lasers. First, different geometries of two color lasers are reviewed. We show that the THz power of two color lasers in combination with external photomixers becomes sufficient for scanning THz imaging applications when optical amplification with a tapered amplifier is implemented. Then, the concept of direct emission of THz radiation out of a two‐color semiconductor laser is reviewed and the potential of this concept with respect to THz bandwidth and achievable THz power is critically analyzed.
araB Gene and nucleotide sequence of the araC gene of Erwinia carotovora (1985)

The araB and araC genes of Erwinia carotovora were expressed in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The araB and araC genes in E. coli, E. carotovora, and S. typhimurium were transcribed in divergent directions. In E. carotovora, the araB and araC genes were separated by 3.5 kilobase pairs, whereas in E. coli and S. typhimurium they were separated by 147 base pairs. The nucleotide sequence of the E. carotovora araC gene was determined. The predicted sequence of AraC protein of E. carotovora was 18 and 29 amino acids longer than that of AraC protein of E. coli and S. typhimurium, respectively. The DNA sequence of the araC gene of E. carotovora was 58% homologous to that of E. coli and 59% homologous to that of S. typhimurium, with respect to the common region they share. The predicted amino acid sequence of AraC protein was 57% homologous to that of E. coli and 58% homologous to that of S. typhimurium. The 5' noncoding regions of the araB and araC genes of E. carotovora had little homology to either of the other two species.
Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Obesity: Implications for Future Management (2003)

Obesity has become a worldwide public health problem affecting millions of people. A disruption of the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure is believed to be the major cause of obesity. Substantial progress has been made in deciphering the pathogenesis of energy homeostasis over the past few years. The fact that obesity is under strong genetic control has been well established. Human monogenic obesity is rare in large populations, the most common form of obesity is considered to be a polygenic disorder arising from the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Here, we attempt to briefly review the most recent understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in energy homeostasis and adipogenesis. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches commonly used in search for susceptibility genes for obesity. The main results from these genetic studies are summarized, with comments made on the most striking or representative findings. Finally, the implications of the recent advances in the understanding of molecular genetic mechanisms of body weight regulation on prevention and therapeutic intervention of obesity will be discussed.
Bispecific Diabodies for Cancer Therapy (2003)

Natural killer (NK) cells represent a potent subset of lymphocytes for targeting and lysing tumor cells. In contrast to T lymphocytes, they do not need to be preactivated in vitro because they constitutively express cytolytic functions against a number of different targets (1,2). Their inherent cytolytic activity can be stimulated via the FcγIIIA receptor (CD16), which is expressed on the surface of NK cells, macrophages, and activated monocytes (3,4). Bispecific antibodies binding to both CD16 and a tumorassociated antigen are therefore of great interest as potential reagents for cancer immunotherapy.