gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A versatile multichannel direct-synthesized electrical stimulator for FES applications (2002)

Functional electrical stimulation has been applied to restore or maintain the muscle activity of paralyzed patients who suffer spinal cord injuries and related neural impairments. A direct-synthesized arbitrary waveform stimulator for multichannel stimulation is developed in this paper. A novel "element-envelope" method is proposed and implemented by a digital signal processor to synthesize required stimulating patterns with high resolution. This method not only generates arbitrary waveforms but also reduces the memory requirements. It preserves the ability to adjust stimulation parameters dynamically. We also design an output stage that can provide bi-phasic, voltage-controlled constant-current patterns while remain high compliance and wide bandwidth. This system can be considered as a full-featured stimulator for various FES applications with its flexibility in pattern generation and feedback processing capabilities.
Chemokine-induced eosinophil recruitment. Evidence of a role for endogenous eotaxin in an in vivo allergy model in mouse skin. (1997)

Selective eosinophil recruitment into tissues is a characteristic feature of allergic diseases. Chemokines are effective leukocyte chemoattractants and may play an important role in mediating eosinophil recruitment in various allergic conditions in man. Here, we describe a novel mouse model of eosinophil recruitment in which we have compared the in vivo chemoattractant activity of different C-C chemokines. Furthermore, we describe the use of antibodies to chemokines and receptor blockade to address the endogenous mechanisms involved in eosinophil recruitment in a late-phase allergic reaction in mouse skin. Intradermal injection of mEotaxin and mMIP-1alpha, but not mMCP-1, mRANTES, mMCP-5, or mMIP-1beta, induced significant 111In-eosinophil recruitment in mouse skin. Significant 111In-eosinophil recruitment was also observed in an active cutaneous anaphylactic reaction. Pretreatment of skin sites with antieotaxin antiserum, but not an antiMIP-1alpha antibody, suppressed 111In-eosinophil recruitment in this delayed-onset allergic reaction. Similarly, desensitization of the eosinophil eotaxin receptor CCR3 with mEotaxin, or blockade of the receptor with metRANTES, significantly inhibited 111In-eosinophil recruitment in the allergic reaction. These results demonstrate an important role for endogenous eotaxin in mediating the 111In-eosinophil recruitment in allergic inflammation, and suggest that blockade of the CCR3 receptor is a valid strategy to inhibit eosinophil migration in vivo.
Inhibition of BET bromodomains as a therapeutic strategy for cancer drug discovery (2015)

As a conserved protein interaction module that recognizes and binds to acetylated lysine, bromodomain (BRD) contains a deep, largely hydrophobic acetyl lysine binding site. Proteins that share the feature of containing two BRDs and an extra-terminal domain belong to BET family, including BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT. BET family proteins perform transcription regulatory function under normal conditions, while in cancer, they regulate transcription of several oncogenes, such as c-Myc and Bcl-2. Thus, targeting BET proteins may be a promising strategy, and intense interest of BET proteins has fueled the development of structure-based bromodomain inhibitors in cancer. In this review, we focus on summarizing several small-molecule BET inhibitors and their relevant anti-tumor mechanisms, which would provide a clue for exploiting new targeted BET inhibitors in the future cancer therapy.
Expression of high affinity interleukin-4 receptors on human renal cell carcinoma cells and inhibition of tumor cell growth in vitro by interleukin-4. (1993)

Previously, Puri et al. (Puri, R. K., M. Ogata, P. Leland, G. M. Feldman, D. Fitzgerald, and I. Pastan. 1991. Cancer Res. 51:3011-3017) have demonstrated that murine sarcoma and colon adenocarcinoma cells express high affinity interleukin-4 receptors (IL-4R) which are internalized after binding to a chimeric ligand consisting of IL-4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin. In the present study, we have tested primary cultures of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, generated from tumor specimens obtained after nephrectomy, for the expression of IL-4R and their modulation by IL-4. By using iodinated IL-4 in a receptor binding assay, we observed that renal cell carcinoma cells expressed a single class of high affinity IL-4R ranging from 1,425 +/- 207 (mean +/- SEM) to 3,831 +/- 299 (mean +/- SEM) IL-4R molecules/cell with a Kd ranging from 112 +/- 11 pM to 283 +/- 71 pM. Northern blot analysis for IL-4R gene expression, performed with a cDNA probe to IL-4R, revealed that all RCC cells exhibited a single mRNA species of 4 kb. IL-4 downregulated the surface expression of IL-4R on one RCC tumor cell line. The function of IL-4R expression on RCC tumor cells was further determined by investigating the effect of IL-4 on tumor cell growth in vitro and comparing it with IL-4 effect on growth of normal fibroblast and endothelial cell lines. Tumor cell growth, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, was inhibited by IL-4 from 20 to 68% in a dose-dependent manner. A neutralizing antibody to human IL-4 was able to reverse the growth inhibitory effect of IL-4. Normal human fibroblast and endothelial cell lines also expressed high affinity IL-4R, however, IL-4 did not inhibit their growth in vitro. In fact, IL-4 caused modest stimulation of their growth. Taken together, our findings can help develop strategies for the treatment of RCC in which IL-4R may be used as a target for IL-4 itself, for IL-4 toxin therapy or, alternatively, in gene therapy.
Energy structure and fluorescence ofEu2+in ZnS:Eu nanoparticles (2000)

${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+}$-doped ZnS nanoparticles with an average size of around 3 nm were prepared, and an emission band around 530 nm was observed. By heating in air at 150 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, this emission decreased, while the typical sharp line emission of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ increased. This suggests that the emission around 530 nm is from intraion transition of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+}.$ In bulk ${\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{S}:\mathrm{E}\mathrm{u}}^{2+},$ no intraion transition of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+}$ was observed because the excited states of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+}$ are degenerate with the continuum of the ZnS conduction band. We show that the band gap in ${\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{S}:\mathrm{E}\mathrm{u}}^{2+}$ nanoparticles opens up due to quantum confinement, such that the conduction band of ZnS is higher than the first excited state of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+},$ thus enabling the intraion transition of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+}$ to occur.
Sendai virus C proteins are categorically nonessential gene products but silencing their expression severely impairs viral replication and pathogenesis (1998)

SeV C proteins are categorically nonessential gene products, but greatly contribute to full replication capability in vitro and are indispensable for in vivo multiplication and pathogenesis. This study represents the first comprehensive functional assessment of the accessary C protein for Mononegavirales.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a single glutamate synthase gene coding for a plant-like high-molecular-weight polypeptide (1995)

Purification of the glutamate synthase (GOGAT) enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed that it is an oligomeric enzyme composed of three identical 199-kDa subunits. The GOGAT structural gene was isolated by screening a yeast genomic library with a yeast PCR probe. This probe was obtained by amplification with degenerate oligonucleotides designed from conserved regions of known GOGAT genes. The derived amino-terminal sequence of the GOGAT gene was confirmed by direct amino-terminal sequence analysis of the purified protein of 199 kDa. Northern (RNA) analysis allowed the identification of an mRNA of about 7 or 8 kb. An internal fragment of the GOGAT gene was used to obtain null GOGAT mutants completely devoid of GOGAT activity. The results show that S. cerevisiae has a single NADH-GOGAT enzyme, consisting of three 199-kDa monomers, that differs from the one found in prokaryotic microorganisms but is similar to those found in other eukaryotic organisms such as alfalfa.
Quantum-Sized PbS, CdS, Ag2S, Sb2S3, and Bi2S3 Particles as Sensitizers for Various Nanoporous Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantum-Sized PbS, CdS, Ag2S, Sb2S3, and Bi2S3 Particles as Sensitizers for Various Nanoporous Wide-Bandgap SemiconductorsR. VogelR. VogelMore by R. Vogel, P. HoyerP. HoyerMore by P. Hoyer, and H. WellerH. WellerMore by H. WellerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 12, 3183–3188Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100063a022https://doi.org/10.1021/j100063a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7862Altmetric-Citations968LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
[Senegalese pharmacopoeia: study of acute toxicity and antitussive activity of Calotropis procera AIT (Asclepiadaceae)]. (1993)

We confirmed the innocuity of different extracts (leaves and stem bark) of Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae), a plant widely used in Asian and West African traditional therapy in dermatological and bronchal affections. We proved the against cough activity of the aqueous stem bark extract after administration, per os, upon bronchal irritation by ammoniac on Guinea Pig.
The Use of Coumarins as Environmentally-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes of Heterogeneous Inclusion Systems (2009)

Coumarins, as a family of molecules, exhibit a wide range of fluorescence emission properties. In many cases, this fluorescence is extremely sensitive to the local environment of the molecule, especially the local polarity and microviscosity. In addition, coumarins show a wide range of size, shape, and hydrophobicity. These properties make them especially useful as fluorescent probes of heterogeneous environments, such as supramolecular host cavities, micelles, polymers and solids. This article will review the use of coumarins to probe such heterogeneous systems using fluorescence spectroscopy.
Sensory over-responsivity in adults with autism spectrum conditions (2013)

Anecdotal reports and empirical evidence suggest that sensory processing issues are a key feature of autism spectrum conditions. This study set out to investigate whether adults with autism spectrum conditions report more sensory over-responsivity than adults without autism spectrum conditions. Another goal of the study was to identify whether autistic traits in adults with and without autism spectrum conditions were associated with sensory over-responsivity. Adults with (n = 221) and without (n = 181) autism spectrum conditions participated in an online survey. The Autism Spectrum Quotient, the Raven Matrices and the Sensory Processing Scale were used to characterize the sample. Adults with autism spectrum conditions reported more sensory over-responsivity than control participants across various sensory domains (visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory and proprioceptive). Sensory over-responsivity correlated positively with autistic traits (Autism Spectrum Quotient) at a significant level across groups and within groups. Adults with autism spectrum conditions experience sensory over-responsivity to daily sensory stimuli to a high degree. A positive relationship exists between sensory over-responsivity and autistic traits. Understanding sensory over-responsivity and ways of measuring it in adults with autism spectrum conditions has implications for research and clinical settings.
Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infection of antibody-deficient gene knockout mice (1997)

The importance of antibody-mediated immunity in primary and secondary Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infections was examined by using a definitive model of B-cell deficiency, the microMT/microMT gene knockout mouse. Vaginally infected B-cell-deficient microMT/microMT mice developed a self-limiting primary infection that was indistinguishable from infection of control C57BL/6 mice. Sera and vaginal secretions from infected mice were analyzed for anti-Chlamydia antibodies. C57BL/6 mice produced high-titered serum anti-Chlamydia immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a), IgG2b, and IgA antibodies, and vaginal washes contained predominately anti-Chlamydia IgA. Serum and vaginal washes from infected B-cell-deficient mice were negative for anti-Chlamydia antibody. T-cell proliferation and delayed-type hypersensitivity assays were used as measures of Chlamydia-specific cell-mediated immunity and were found to be comparable for C57BL/6 and B-cell-deficient mice. Seventy days following primary infection, mice were rechallenged to assess acquired immunity. B-cell-deficient mice which lack anti-Chlamydia antibodies were more susceptible to reinfection than immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. However, acquired immune resistance was evident in both strains of mice and characterized by decreased shedding of chlamydiae and an infection of shorter duration. Thus, this study demonstrates that cell-mediated immune responses alone were capable of resolving chlamydial infection; however, in the absence of specific antibody, mice were more susceptible to reinfection. Therefore, these data suggest that both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were important mediators of immune protection in this model, though cell-mediated immune responses appear to play a more dominant role.
Albatross (2011)

Database systems serving cloud platforms must serve large numbers of applications (or tenants ). In addition to managing tenants with small data footprints, different schemas, and variable load patterns, such multitenant data platforms must minimize their operating costs by efficient resource sharing. When deployed over a pay-per-use infrastructure, elastic scaling and load balancing, enabled by low cost live migration of tenant databases, is critical to tolerate load variations while minimizing operating cost. However, existing databases---relational databases and Key-Value stores alike---lack low cost live migration techniques, thus resulting in heavy performance impact during elastic scaling. We present Albatross , a technique for live migration in a multitenant database serving OLTP style workloads where the persistent database image is stored in a network attached storage. Albatross migrates the database cache and the state of active transactions to ensure minimal impact on transaction execution while allowing transactions active during migration to continue execution. It also guarantees serializability while ensuring correctness during failures. Our evaluation using two OLTP benchmarks shows that Albatross can migrate a live tenant database with no aborted transactions, negligible impact on transaction latency and throughput both during and after migration, and an unavailability window as low as 300 ms.
Transduced Tat-α-Synuclein Protects against Oxidative Stress In vitro and In vivo (2006)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although many studies showed that the aggregation of alpha-synuclein might be involved in the pathogenesis of PD, its protective properties against oxidative stress remain to be elucidated. In this study, human wild type and mutant alpha-synuclein genes were fused with a gene fragment encoding the nine amino acid transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein transduction domain of HIV-1 in a bacterial expression vector to produce a genetic in-frame WT Tat-alpha-synuclein (wild type) and mutant Tat-alpha-synucleins (mutants; A30P and A53T), respectively, and we investigated the protective effects of wild type and mutant Tat-alpha-synucleins in vitro and in vivo. WT Tat-alpha-synuclein rapidly transduced into an astrocyte cells and protected the cells against paraquat induced cell death. However, mutant Tat-alpha-synucleins did not protect at all. In the mice models exposed to the herbicide paraquat, the WT Tat-alpha-synuclein completely protected against dopaminergic neuronal cell death, whereas mutants failed in protecting against oxidative stress. We found that these protective effects were characterized by increasing the expression level of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the neuronal cells and this expression level was dependent on the concentration of transduced WT Tat-alpha-synuclein. These results suggest that transduced Tat-alpha-synuclein might protect cell death from oxidative stress by increasing the expression level of HSP70 in vitro and in vivo and this may be of potential therapeutic benefit in the pathogenesis of PD.
Platelet releasate treatment improves skin healing in diabetic rats through endogenous growth factor secretion. (1998)

Although impaired skin wound healing in diabetes is a well established phenomenon, virtually nothing is known of its underlying mechanism. We have demonstrated that diabetic skin exhibited a significant deficiency in total mitogenic activity, notably a diminution in FGF1, FGF2 and TGFbeta-like molecules. We postulated that impaired skin healing could be explained by a decreased expression of endogenous growth factors that could be compensated by a platelet releasate (PR) added in situ. Histological studies showed that PR treatment improved tissue repair and restored disturbed healing steps observed in untreated diabetic rat skin although reepithelialization was not altered. Our data demonstrate that PR treatment induces important modulations of the quantity and the kinetic of secretion of endogenous growth factors in the wounds. Although exogenous factors present in PR could no longer be quantified in the wounds after 3 days, our results indicated that factors contained in PR may have: 1) a direct and immediate effect on the growth of neodermal cells, combined to 2) a long term stimulation of endogenous growth factor synthesis in situ during cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats.
Excessive Balmer line broadening in a plane cathode abnormal glow discharge in hydrogen (2005)

Results of a Doppler spectroscopy study of the hydrogen Balmer alpha line in an abnormal glow discharge operated in pure hydrogen are reported. Measurements of line shapes are performed side-on to the discharge axis in a low electric field region of negative glow. The excessive Balmer alpha broadening is detected and its presence and linewidth is related to the collisions of fast hydrogen atoms with molecular hydrogen. The collision model enabled also an estimation of effective cross section data from the Balmer alpha axial intensity decay curves. Large excessive Balmer alpha line broadening in pure hydrogen and its dependence upon the direction of observation with respect to the electric field is in contradiction to the resonance transfer model, proposed byMills et al. in several publications [see, e.g., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 31, 338 (2003)].
<i>p</i>-Nitrobenzyl <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfonyl-<i>L</i>-Arginine: a Chromogenic Substrate for Thrombin, Plasmin and Trypsin (1978)

&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-Nitrobenzyl &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-toluenesulfonyl-&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-arginine is hydrolyzed by thrombin, plasmin, and trypsin to &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-nitrobenzyl alcohol and tosyl-&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-arginine. The absorption of &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-nitro-benzyl alcohol formed is measured at 271 nm (A&lt;sub&gt;mM&lt;/sub&gt; 8.89). With 0.10 m&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt; of the ester in 0.1 &lt;i&gt;M &lt;/i&gt;Tris-HCl at pH 8.4 and 30 °C, the hydrolysis catalyzed by thrombin, plasmin, and trypsin is linearly proportional to time up to consumption of 60% of the substrate. K&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; is 14 &lt;i&gt;μM &lt;/i&gt;and V&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; is 0.037 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;mol/min/NIH unit for bovine thrombin, K&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; is 78 &lt;i&gt;μM &lt;/i&gt;and V&lt;sub&gt;max &lt;/sub&gt;is 0.31 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;mol/min/CTA unit/ml for human plasmin, and K&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; is 12 &lt;i&gt;μM &lt;/i&gt;and V&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; is 138 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;mol/min/mg protein/ml for bovine trypsin. Samples of bovine and human thrombin ranging in specific clotting activity from 59 to 2,133 NIH units/mg protein showed esterase activities ranging from 0.15 to 0.4 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;mol &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-nitrobenzyl alcohol formed/10 min/NIH unit. Useful ranges for assay of enzymes were (per milliliter): 0.05–0.2 NIH units (thrombin), 0.005–0.02 CTA units (plasmin), and 0.01–0.04 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;g (trypsin).
Eigenmode compression for modal sound models (2014)

We propose and evaluate a method for significantly compressing modal sound models, thereby making them far more practical for audiovisual applications. The dense eigenmode matrix, needed to compute the sound model's response to contact forces, can consume tens to thousands of megabytes depending on mesh resolution and mode count. Our eigenmode compression pipeline is based on non-linear optimization of Moving Least Squares (MLS) approximations. Enhanced compression is achieved by exploiting symmetry both within and between eigenmodes, and by adaptively assigning per-mode error levels based on human perception of the far-field pressure amplitudes. Our method provides smooth eigenmode approximations, and efficient random access. We demonstrate that, in many cases, hundredfold compression ratios can be achieved without audible degradation of the rendered sound.
Community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: an increasing public health threat (2014)

There has been a startling shift in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection over the last decade worldwide, and it is now increasingly recognized as a cause of diarrhea in the community. Classically considered a hospital-acquired infection, it has now emerged in populations previously considered to be low-risk and lacking the traditional risk factors for C. difficile infection, such as increased age, hospitalization, and antibiotic exposure. Recent studies have demonstrated great genetic diversity for C. difficile, pointing toward diverse sources and a fluid genome. Environmental sources like food, water, and animals may play an important role in these infections, apart from the role symptomatic patients and asymptomatic carriers play in spore dispersal. Prospective strain typing using highly discriminatory techniques is a possible way to explore the suspected diverse sources of C. difficile infection in the community. Patients with community-acquired C. difficile infection do not necessarily have a good outcome and clinicians should be aware of factors that predict worse outcomes in order to prevent them. This article summarizes the emerging epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes for community-acquired C. difficile infection.