gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mujeres en la casa, la escuela y la fábrica. El singular discurso de la domesticidad de la escuela economista española (1861-1909). (2009)

Los textos de la Escuela Economista Española (segunda mitad del XIX) contienen una valoración del papel de las mujeres en la economía y la sociedad transgresor frente al discurso dominante, que defendía un único y exclusivo rol para todas las mujeres: el hogar y la maternidad. La mayoría de los miembros de esta corriente económica defienden el trabajo femenino en las fábricas, basándose en argumentos salariales; e incluso demandan una formación profesional para aquellas que en muchos casos ni tan siquiera eran alfabetizadas por ser mujeres. Los textos de estos economistas transmiten nuevas ideas sobre el papel económico y social de las mujeres en una España dominada por un discurso que negaba la necesidad del trabajo femenino para las familias trabajadoras.
Photoimmunotherapy Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen: Are Antibody Fragments as Effective as Antibodies? (2014)

The use of PSMA-Db-IR700 conjugate results in the shortest time interval between injection and NIR exposure without compromising therapeutic effects of photoimmunotherapy.
The Fourth Annual Test of OCR Accuracy (1995)

For four years, ISRI has conducted an annual test of optical character recognition (OCR) systems known as “page readers. ” These systems accept as input a bitmapped image of any document page, and attempt to identify the machine-printed characters on the page. In the annual test, we measure the accuracy of this process by comparing the text that is produced as output with the
Protease inhibitors suppress the in vitro and in vivo replication of rotavirus. (1988)

Rotaviruses are major causes of infectious gastroenteritis in humans and other animals. We found that a variety of protease inhibitors suppressed the replication of the SA-11 strain of rotavirus in MA-104 cell cultures. Three of these compounds, leupeptin, pentamidine, and bis (5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl) methane (BABIM) also restricted the intestinal replication of the murine strain of rotavirus when protease inhibitor and virus were administered simultaneously to suckling mice. Repeated administration of BABIM resulted in significantly reduced levels of intestinal rotaviral antigen even if administration of the compound was begun as late as 48 h after viral inoculation. Additionally, BABIM-treated animals had significantly less intestinal replication of rotavirus than did placebo-treated controls when placed in a heavily rotavirus-contaminated environment. The use of protease inhibitors represents a novel approach to the control of this important gastrointestinal pathogen and is a potential modality for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by other enteric viruses, for which proteolytic cleavage is necessary for efficient replication.
Postoperative outcome of Crohn’s disease in 30 children (1998)

Surgical treatment modifies the immediate outcome of severe or complicated CD, but does not prevent recurrence, despite localised resection or prophylactic postoperative treatment. Extension of the disease before surgery seems to be a major risk factor for postoperative recurrence in children.
Different evolutionary processes shaped the mouse and human olfactory receptor gene families (2002)

We report a comprehensive comparative analysis of human and mouse olfactory receptor (OR) genes. The OR family is the largest mammalian gene family known. We identify approximately 93% of an estimated 1500 mouse ORs, exceeding previous estimates and the number of human ORs by 50%. Only 20% are pseudogenes, giving a functional OR repertoire in mice that is three times larger than that of human. The proteins encoded by intact human ORs are less highly conserved than those of mouse, in patterns that suggest that even some apparently intact human OR genes may encode non-functional proteins. Mouse ORs are clustered in 46 genomic locations, compared to a much more dispersed pattern in human. We find orthologous clusters at syntenic human locations for most mouse genes, indicating that most OR gene clusters predate primate-rodent divergence. However, many recent local OR duplications in both genomes obscure one-to-one orthologous relationships, thereby complicating cross-species inferences about OR-ligand interactions. Local duplications are the major force shaping the gene family. Recent interchromosomal duplications of ORs have also occurred, but much more frequently in human than in mouse. In addition to clarifying the evolutionary forces shaping this gene family, our study provides the basis for functional studies of the transcriptional regulation and ligand-binding capabilities of the OR gene family.
Manual Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining of Mouse Tissue Sections (2014)

The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is the standard used for microscopic examination of tissues that have been fixed, processed, embedded, and sectioned. It can be performed manually or by automation. For economic reasons, the manual technique is generally the method of choice for facilities with a low sample volume. This protocol describes manual H&E staining of fixed, processed, paraffin-embedded, and sectioned mouse tissues. In H&E-stained tissues, the nucleic acids stain dark blue and the proteins stain red to pink or orange. For accurate phenotyping and delineation of tissue detail, the protocol must be adhered to rigorously. This includes frequent reagent changes as well as the use of "in-date" reagents. Appropriate color in a good H&E stain allows for identification of many tissue subtleties that are necessary for accurate diagnosis.
HPLC determination of ketamine, norketamine, and dehydronorketamine in plasma with a high-purity reversed-phase sorbent (1998)

We developed an isocratic, selective, and very sensitive HPLC method for the determination of ketamine and its two main metabolites in plasma. The compounds were extracted from plasma by a liquid-liquid extraction with a dichloromethane:ethyl acetate mixture followed by an acidic back-extraction. Separation was achieved on a new stationary phase, Purospher RP-18 endcapped, with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile:0.03 mol/L phosphate buffer (23:77 by vol) adjusted to pH 7.2. Because of the high column efficiency and the significant improvement of peak symmetry, the quantification limit could be down to 5 micrograms/L for ketamine and norketamine (NK). The intraday and interday CVs ranged from 1.7% to 5.8% and 3.1% to 10.2% for all compounds respectively. The method is sensitive enough for monitoring ketamine, NK, and dehydroketamine in plasma during pharmacokinetic studies after an intravenous bolus of a low dose of ketamine.
Potential of Activated Prothrombin Complex Concentrate and Activated Factor VII to Reverse the Anticoagulant Effects of Rivaroxaban in Primates (2008)

Abstract Rivaroxaban is an oral, direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor that has been recommended for approval by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective hip and knee replacement, and is in advanced clinical development for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Because bleeding is a potential side-effect of accidental rivaroxaban overdose, we evaluated whether activated prothrombin complex concentrate (APCC, FEIBA®) and recombinant activated Factor VII (rFVIIa, NovoSeven®) administration could mitigate the antihemostatic effects of high-dose rivaroxaban in juvenile male baboons. Pharmacologic impairment of hemostasis (3- to 4-fold increase in prothrombin time [PT] from baseline and ≥2-fold increase in template bleeding time [BT]) was achieved by an intravenous (i.v.) bolus of rivaroxaban (0.6 mg/kg) followed by continuous infusion (0.6 mg/kg/h) for 60 minutes. At steady-state anticoagulation (30 minutes from bolus), one group of anticoagulated baboons (n=7) received APCC (50 U/kg, over 25 minutes). A second group (n=7) received an i.v. bolus dose of rFVIIa (210 μg/kg) 30 minutes after the start of anticoagulation. Reversal of the antihemostatic effects of supratherapeutic doses of rivaroxaban by APCC and rFVIIa was assessed by measurement of BT and clotting times. In the APCC group, high-dose rivaroxaban prolonged BT to 202% (95% CI±21%; p&lt;0.001) of baseline and PT by 3-fold (Table). On completion of APCC infusion, BT returned to baseline and PT was reduced. In the rFVIIa group, rivaroxaban prolonged BT to 254% (95% CI±30%; p&lt;0.05). Infusion of rFVIIa reduced BT by 34%, and PT was also shortened. Circulating thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT) levels decreased during rivaroxaban infusion, and this decrease did not change significantly after rFVIIa bolus administration. However, APCC increased baseline plasma TAT levels, suggesting a systemic hypercoagulation. We conclude that administration of APCC or rVIIa can rapidly attenuate hemostasis impairment after rivaroxaban overdose in baboons, thus providing potential antidotes during bleeding emergencies. Table. The effect of activated prothrombin complex concentrate (APCC) and recombinant activated Factor VII (rFVIIa) on bleeding time (BT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin–antithrombin complex concentration (TAT) in baboons anticoagulated with high-dose rivaroxaban (n=7 each). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation Time BT (x-fold change from baseline) PT (x-fold change from baseline) TAT (μg/L) APCC Baseline 1.00 1.00 3.51±0.08 30 minutes after rivaroxaban 2.02±0.56 3.04±0.43 3.01±1.37 At end of APCC infusion 1.02±0.33 2.20±0.29 10.35±1.41 20 minutes after end of APCC infusion 1.65±0.94 2.28±0.29 n.d. rFVIIa Baseline 1.00 1.00 7.35±4.17 30 minutes after rivaroxaban 2.54±0.79 3.17±0.42 2.95±0.79 5 minutes after rFVIIa 1.68±0.80 2.38±0.41 2.58±0.52 30 minutes after rFVIIa 1.96±1.26 2.48±0.49 4.00±1.12
Neutropenia during combination therapy of interferon alfa and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C (2002)

Interferon therapy of hepatitis C causes a decrease in neutrophil counts, and neutropenia is a common reason for dose adjustment or early discontinuation. However, it is unclear whether neutropenia caused by interferon is associated with an increased rate of infection. In this study, we assessed factors associated and clinical consequences of neutropenia before and during interferon therapy of chronic hepatitis C. A total of 119 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with the combination of interferon alfa and ribavirin were analyzed. In these studies, neutropenia was not used as an exclusion or dose modification criterion. In multivariate analysis, only black race was associated with baseline neutropenia. During treatment, neutrophil counts decreased by an average of 34%. Among 3 blacks with baseline neutropenia without cirrhosis or splenomegaly, there was little or no decrease in neutrophil counts (despite typical decreases in platelet and lymphocyte counts). Documented or suspected bacterial infections developed in 22 patients (18%), but in no patient with neutropenia. United States population estimates suggest that 76,000 blacks with hepatitis C have neutrophil counts below 1,500 cells/microL and might be denied therapy if this exclusion criterion was generally applied. In conclusion, neutropenia is frequent during treatment of hepatitis C with interferon and ribavirin, but it is not usually associated with infection. Constitutional neutropenia, which is common among blacks, should not exclude patients from therapy with interferon as these patients usually have minimal further decreases in neutrophil counts on therapy and are not excessively prone to bacterial infections.
Opioid agonist and antagonist bivalent ligands. The relationship between spacer length and selectivity at multiple opioid receptors (1986)

Bivalent ligands containing the oxymorphamine or naltrexamine pharmacophores connected to spacers of varying length were synthesized and evaluated for their selectivity at mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors. The oxymorphamine bivalent ligands (1-8) behaved as mu agonists on the electrically stimulated guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle preparation (GPI). The spacer that conferred peak agonist activity in these series contains a total of four glycyl units (n = 2). Binding studies with guinea pig brain membranes showed a qualitatively similar profile at mu receptors as a function of spacer length. Also, delta receptor selectivity increased as the spacer was lengthened. The naltrexamine bivalent ligands (9-13) effectively antagonized the mu receptor agonist morphine in the GPI at the same optimal spacer length (n = 2) as in the agonist series. However, the peak antagonism of ethylketazocine, a kappa receptor agonist, occurred with the bivalent ligand 9 containing the shortest spacer (n = 0), and it was found that 9 is the most selective kappa antagonist in the series. While receptor binding roughly parallels that of kappa antagonist activity in the GPI, no correlation between binding and antagonist activity was observed at mu opioid receptors. The possible significance of these results is discussed.
Genome-Wide Profiling of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Identifies MUC1 as an Independent Prognostic Marker (2004)

Clinicopathological variables used at present for prognostication and treatment selection for papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) do not uniformly predict tumor behavior, necessitating identification of novel prognostic markers. Complicating the assessment is the long natural history of PTC and our rudimentary knowledge of its genetic composition. In this study we took advantage of differences in clinical behavior of two distinct variants of PTC, the aggressive tall-cell variant (TCV) and indolent conventional PTC (cPTC), to identify molecular prognosticators of outcome using complementary genome wide analyses. Comparative genome hybridization (CGH) and cDNA microarray (17,840 genes) analyses were used to detect changes in DNA copy number and gene expression in pathological cPTC and TCV. The findings from CGH and cDNA microarray analyses were correlated and validated by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analyses on a series of 100 cases of cPTC and TCV. Genes identified by this approach were evaluated as prognostic markers in cPTC by immunohistochemistry on tissue arrays. CGH identified significant differences in the presence (76 versus 27%; P = 0.001) and type of DNA copy number aberrations in TCV compared with cPTC. Recurrent gains of 1p34-36, 1q21, 6p21-22, 9q34, 11q13, 17q25, 19, and 22 and losses of 2q21-31, 4, 5p14-q21, 6q11-22, 8q11-22, 9q11-32, and 13q21-31 were unique to TCV. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression profiles revealed significant overlap between TCV and cPTC, but further analysis identified 82 dysregulated genes differentially expressed among the PTC variants. Of these, MUC1 was of particular interest because amplification of 1q by CGH correlated with MUC1 amplification by real-time PCR analysis and protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry in TCV (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between MUC1 overexpression and treatment outcome, independent of histopathological categorization (P = 0.03). Analysis of a validation series containing a matched group of aggressive and indolent cPTCs confirmed the association between MUC1 overexpression and survival (relative risk, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.5; P = 0.03). Our data suggest that MUC1 dysregulation is associated with aggressive behavior of PTC and may serve as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in this disease.
Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: a case series (2020)

REACTing (Research & Action Emerging Infectious Diseases).
Intracavernous Injection of Prostaglandin E1 in Impotent Men (1988)

Intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1 was used in 210 men as a screening test for the differential diagnosis of vasculogenic impotence. Of these 210 patients 112 entered an autoinjection protocol for treatment of erectile dysfunction. Prostaglandin E1 appears to be effective in the diagnosis and treatment of nonvasculogenic impotence because it is a physiological agent that is metabolized locally within the cavernous tissue. Additionally, in our series neither systemic reactions nor priapism occurred, nor was fibrosis of cavernous tissue or scar formation observed after up to 90 injections.
Species- and cell type-specific interactions between CD47 and human SIRPα (2005)

CD47 on red blood cells (RBCs) reportedly signals "self" by binding SIRPalpha on phagocytes, at least in mice. Such interactions across and within species, from mouse to human, are not yet clear and neither is the relation to cell adhesion. Using human SIRPalpha1 as a probe, antibody-inhibitable binding to CD47 was found only with human and pig RBCs (not mouse, rat, or cow). In addition, CD47-mediated adhesion of human and pig RBCs to SIRPalpha1 surfaces resists sustained forces in centrifugation (as confirmed by atomic force microscopy) but only at SIRPalpha-coating densities far above those measurable on human neutrophils, monocytes, and THP-1 macrophages. While interactions strengthen with deglycosylation of SIRPalpha1, low copy numbers explain the absence of RBC adhesion to phagocytes under physiologic conditions and imply that the interaction being studied is not responsible for red cell clearance in humans. Evidence of clustering nonetheless suggests mechanisms of avidity enhancement. Finally, using the same CD47 antibodies and soluble SIRPalpha1, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were assayed and found to display CD47 but not bind SIRPalpha1 significantly. The results thus demonstrate that SIRPalpha-CD47 interactions, which reportedly define self, exhibit cell type specificity and limited cross-species reactivity.
Serial PIB and MRI in normal, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: implications for sequence of pathological events in Alzheimer's disease (2009)

The purpose of this study was to use serial imaging to gain insight into the sequence of pathologic events in Alzheimer's disease, and the clinical features associated with this sequence. We measured change in amyloid deposition over time using serial (11)C Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) positron emission tomography and progression of neurodegeneration using serial structural magnetic resonance imaging. We studied 21 healthy cognitively normal subjects, 32 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and 8 with Alzheimer's disease. Subjects were drawn from two sources--ongoing longitudinal registries at Mayo Clinic, and the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). All subjects underwent clinical assessments, MRI and PIB studies at two time points, approximately one year apart. PIB retention was quantified in global cortical to cerebellar ratio units and brain atrophy in units of cm(3) by measuring ventricular expansion. The annual change in global PIB retention did not differ by clinical group (P = 0.90), and although small (median 0.042 ratio units/year overall) was greater than zero among all subjects (P < 0.001). Ventricular expansion rates differed by clinical group (P < 0.001) and increased in the following order: cognitively normal (1.3 cm(3)/year) < amnestic mild cognitive impairment (2.5 cm(3)/year) < Alzheimer's disease (7.7 cm(3)/year). Among all subjects there was no correlation between PIB change and concurrent change on CDR-SB (r = -0.01, P = 0.97) but some evidence of a weak correlation with MMSE (r =-0.22, P = 0.09). In contrast, greater rates of ventricular expansion were clearly correlated with worsening concurrent change on CDR-SB (r = 0.42, P < 0.01) and MMSE (r =-0.52, P < 0.01). Our data are consistent with a model of typical late onset Alzheimer's disease that has two main features: (i) dissociation between the rate of amyloid deposition and the rate of neurodegeneration late in life, with amyloid deposition proceeding at a constant slow rate while neurodegeneration accelerates and (ii) clinical symptoms are coupled to neurodegeneration not amyloid deposition. Significant plaque deposition occurs prior to clinical decline. The presence of brain amyloidosis alone is not sufficient to produce cognitive decline, rather, the neurodegenerative component of Alzheimer's disease pathology is the direct substrate of cognitive impairment and the rate of cognitive decline is driven by the rate of neurodegeneration. Neurodegeneration (atrophy on MRI) both precedes and parallels cognitive decline. This model implies a complimentary role for MRI and PIB imaging in Alzheimer's disease, with each reflecting one of the major pathologies, amyloid dysmetabolism and neurodegeneration.
NIR-Responsive and Lectin-Binding Doxorubicin-Loaded Nanomedicine from Janus-Type Dendritic PAMAM Amphiphiles (2012)

Janus-type dendritic poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) amphiphiles Dm-Lac-D3DNQ were synthesized by connecting hydrophobic diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ)-decorated PAMAM dendron D3 (generation 3) and hydrophilic lactose (Lac)-decorated PAMAM dendrons Dm (generations 0-2, m = 0-2) via click chemistry. They self-assembled into the DNQ-cored micelles dangled by densely free Lac groups in aqueous solution. Irradiated by 808 nm laser and 365 nm lamp, both NIR- and UV-sensitivity of micelles were characterized by time-resolved UV-vis spectroscopy. The characteristic absorption intensity of DNQ progressively decreased and then leveled off. Moreover, the bigger the micelles, the more the irradiation time for finishing Wolff rearrangement of DNQ. TEM further confirmed that most of the micelles disassembled after 30 min of 808 nm laser irradiation. The Lac-coated micelles showed binding with RCA(120) lectin, as monitored by UV-vis and DLS. The apparent drug-release rate of doxorubicin (DOX) loaded nanomedicine nearly doubled after 10 min of 808 nm laser irradiation, presenting a NIR-triggered drug-release profile. Moreover, the DOX-loaded nanomedicine presented a phototriggered cytotoxicity that was close to free DOX, and they could quickly enter into HeLa cells, as evidenced by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and CLSM. Importantly, this work provides a versatile strategy for the fabrication of NIR-responsive and lectin-binding dendrimer nanomedicine, opening a new avenue for "on-demand" and spatiotemporal drug delivery.
Training of grasping motion using a virtual prosthetic control system (2010)

Electromyogram (EMG) signals can be measured from human muscles and can be used to anticipate movements. In fact, many researchers have tried to use these signals as an interface tool for a prosthetic hand. However, most of these studies focused on the discrimination performance of the EMG signals, and only discussed the control method for the prosthetic hand. Evaluation of the operating performance while the operator wore the prosthetic hand was seldom reported. This paper proposes a virtual prosthetic control system and presents the analyses of a grasp motion under two different EMG control methods: ON-OFF Digital Control (Digital) and Dynamic Mode Control (DMC). DMC is able to proportionally control the grasping velocity based on the amplitude of the EMG signal. Digital controls the hand at a uniform rate while the amplitude of the EMG signal is greater than a predefined threshold. We conducted experiments with five subjects, and confirmed the usefulness of the developed system.
Securing distributed storage (2005)

The rapid increase of sensitive data and the growing number of government regulations that require longterm data retention and protection have forced enterprises to pay serious attention to storage security. In this paper, we discuss important security issues related to storage and present a comprehensive survey of the security services provided by the existing storage systems. We cover a broad range of the storage security literature, present a critical review of the existing solutions, compare them, and highlight potential research issues.