gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low loss broadband transmission in hypocycloid-core Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (2011)

We report on the fabrication of a seven-cell-core and three-ring-cladding large-pitch Kagome-lattice hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) with a hypocycloid-shaped core structure. We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that the design of this core shape enhances the coupling inhibition between the core and cladding modes and offers optical attenuation with a baseline of ∼180 dB/km over a transmission bandwidth larger than 200 THz. This loss figure rivals the state-of-the-art photonic bandgap HC-PCF while offering an approximately three times larger bandwidth and larger mode areas. Also, it beats the conventional circular-core-shaped Kagome HC-PCF in terms of the loss. The development of this novel (to our knowledge) HC-PCF has potential for a number of applications in which the combination of a large optical bandwidth and a low loss is a prerequisite.
Digital computation of the fractional Fourier transform (1996)

An algorithm for efficient and accurate computation of the fractional Fourier transform is given. For signals with time-bandwidth product N, the presented algorithm computes the fractional transform in O(NlogN) time. A definition for the discrete fractional Fourier transform that emerges from our analysis is also discussed.
Preparation and Use of Microarrays Containing Synthetic Heparin Oligosaccharides for the Rapid Analysis of Heparin–Protein Interactions (2006)

Heparin is a highly sulfated, linear polymer that participates in a plethora of biological processes by interaction with many proteins. The chemical complexity and heterogeneity of this polysaccharide can explain the fact that, despite its widespread medical use as an anticoagulant drug, the structure-function relationship of defined heparin sequences is still poorly understood. Here, we present the chemical synthesis of a library containing heparin oligosaccharides ranging from di- to hexamers of different sequences and sulfation patterns. An amine-terminated linker was placed at the reducing end of the synthetic structures to allow for immobilization onto N-hydroxysuccinimide activated glass slides and creation of heparin microarrays. Key features of this modular synthesis, such as the influence of the amine linker on the glycosidation efficiency, the use of 2-azidoglucose as glycosylating agents for oligosaccharide assembly, and the compatibility of the protecting group strategy with the sulfation-deprotection steps, are discussed. Heparin microarrays containing this oligosaccharide library were constructed using a robotic printer and employed to characterize the carbohydrate binding affinities of three heparin-binding growth factors. FGF-1, FGF-2 and FGF-4 that are implicated in angiogenesis, cell growth and differentiation were studied. These heparin chips aided in the discovery of novel, sulfated sequences that bind FGF, and in the determination of the structural requirements needed for recognition by using picomoles of protein on a single slide. The results presented here highlight the potential of combining oligosaccharide synthesis and carbohydrate microarray technology to establish a structure-activity relationship in biological processes.
Disruption of the expected positive correlation between breast tumor size and lymph node status in BRCA1‐related breast carcinoma (2003)

The relation between tumor size and lymph node status in patients with breast carcinoma appears to be different in BRCA1 carriers compared with BRCA2 carriers and noncarriers. These findings have important implications for estimating the route of metastatic spread and for evaluating the effectiveness of early diagnosis in patients with BRCA1-related breast carcinoma.
Low- and High-Frequency Noise from Coherent Two-Level Systems (2005)

Recent experiments indicate a connection between the low- and high-frequency noises affecting superconducting quantum systems. We explore the possibilities that both noises can be produced by one ensemble of microscopic modes, made up, e.g., by sufficiently coherent two-level systems (TLS's). This implies a relation between the noise power in different frequency domains, which depends on the distribution of the parameters of the TLS's. We show that a distribution, natural for tunneling TLS's, with a log-uniform distribution in the tunnel splitting and linear distribution in the bias, accounts for experimental observations.
Localization, identification, and action of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the frog adrenal gland. (1994)

The localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity in the adrenal gland of the frog, Rana ridibunda, was examined by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Using an antiserum directed against rat alpha-CGRP, the presence of a network of positive fibers was observed in the adrenal parenchyma. The immunoreactive material has been characterized by HPLC analysis combined with RIA quantification. The elution profile revealed the existence of a single form of CGRP exhibiting the same retention time as synthetic frog CGRP. The possible involvement of CGRP in the regulation of corticosteroid secretion was studied in vitro using a perifusion system for frog adrenal slices. Graded doses of frog CGRP (from 3 x 10(-9) to 3 x 10(-6) M) increased corticosterone and aldosterone secretion in a dose-dependent manner (ED50, 4.1 x 10(-8) M). Several other forms of CGRP, i.e. rat alpha-CGRP and beta-CGRP, and human alpha-CGRP and beta-CGRP, were also capable of enhancing steroid output, but frog CGRP was the most effective stimulator of steroidogenesis. Repeated administration of rat alpha CGRP induced a reproducible stimulation of corticosteroid secretion without any tachyphylaxis. Prolonged infusion of the peptide (3 h) caused a rapid increase in corticosteroid release, followed by a gradual decline of steroid secretion, suggesting the occurrence of a desensitization phenomenon. Rat alpha-CGRP also gave rise to a significant increase in corticosteroid release from acutely dispersed adrenal cells. These results show the presence of CGRP in fibers innervating the frog adrenal gland. The data also demonstrate that synthetic CGRP exerts a direct stimulatory effect on corticosteroid secretion. Taken together, these findings suggest that CGRP, released by nerve fibers in the adrenal tissue, can locally regulate corticosteroid secretion.
Broad-Band Diode Phase Shifters (1972)

Design figures are presented for four types of diode phase shifters: switched line, reflection, loaded line, and a new type using lumped-element high-pass and low-pass circuits. Comparison of their bandwidths shows that most of them can work over an octave bandwidth.
Novel Multilocus Measure of Linkage Disequilibrium to Estimate Past Effective Population Size (2003)

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between densely spaced, polymorphic genetic markers in humans and other species contains information about historical population size. Inferring past population size is of interest both from an evolutionary perspective (e.g., testing the "out of Africa" hypothesis of human evolution) and to improve models for mapping of disease and quantitative trait genes. We propose a novel multilocus measure of LD, the chromosome segment homozygosity (CSH). CSH is defined for a specific chromosome segment, up to the full length of the chromosome. In computer simulations CSH was generally less variable than the r(2) measure of LD, and variability of CSH decreased as the number of markers in the chromosome segment was increased. The essence and utility of our novel measure is that CSH over long distances reflects recent effective population size (N), whereas CSH over small distances reflects the effective size in the more distant past. We illustrate the utility of CSH by calculating CSH from human and dairy cattle SNP and microsatellite marker data, and predicting N at various times in the past for each species. Results indicated an exponentially increasing N in humans and a declining N in dairy cattle. CSH is a valuable statistic for inferring population histories from haplotype data, and has implications for mapping of disease loci.
Cleavage of DNA by coordination complexes. Superoxide formation in the oxidation of 1,10-phenanthroline-cuprous complexes by oxygen - relevance to DNA-cleavage reaction (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCleavage of DNA by coordination complexes. Superoxide formation in the oxidation of 1,10-phenanthroline-cuprous complexes by oxygen - relevance to DNA-cleavage reactionDaniel R. Graham, Laura E. Marshall, Karl A. Reich, and David S. SigmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 16, 5419–5421Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00536a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00536a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transient temperature performance of an integrated micro-thermal system (2000)

A novel integrated thermal microsystem was designed and fabricated with a heater, microchannels and distributed temperature sensors. This device allows, for the first time, an experimental study of the transient behavior of a thermal microsystem. The transient temperature behavior of the device was studied for a variety of heater power levels and forced convection flow rates, where DI water was used as the working fluid. Both heating-up rise time and cooling-down fall time due to a step current input were determined for natural and forced convection heat transfer. The transient temperature response to a sinusoidal power input was also investigated. The resulting temperature distribution was measured as a function of the input signal and the flow rate. The step response under natural convection is exponential for both heating and cooling processes. However, under forced convection, the heating-up time response exhibits a clear overshoot. The response time for both heating and cooling process is about four times faster than that for the natural convection case. Furthermore, under certain conditions, the periodic temperature response can exhibit a large peak-peak temperature without the occurrence of dry-out phenomenon.
The HP AutoRAID hierarchical storage system (1996)

Configuring redundant disk arrays is a black art. To configure an array properly, a system administrator must understand the details of both the array and the workload it will support. Incorrect understanding of either, or changes in the workload over time, can lead to poor performance. We present a solution to this problem: a two-level storage hierarchy implemented inside a single disk-array controller. In the upper level of this hierarchy, two copies of active data are stored to provide full redundancy and excellent performance. In the lower level, RAID 5 parity protection is used to provide excellent storage cost for inactive data, at somewhat lower performance. The technology we describe in this article, know as HP AutoRAID, automatically and transparently manages migration of data blocks between these two levels as access patterns change. The result is a fully redundant storage system that is extremely easy to use, is suitable for a wide variety of workloads, is largely insensitive to dynamic workload changes, and performs much better than disk arrays with comparable numbers of spindles and much larger amounts of front-end RAM cache. Because the implementation of the HP AutoRAID technology is almost entirely in software, the additional hardware cost for these benefits is very small. We describe the HP AutoRAID technology in detail, provide performance data for an embodiment of it in a storage array, and summarize the results of simulation studies used to choose algorithms implemented in the array.
Intranuclear Incorporation of Thymic Low Molecular Weight RNA by Murine Bone Marrow Immunoblasts and Inhibition of Plasma Cell Formation by a Derivative of Rifampicin (1982)

An in vitro culture system for the proliferation of IgG-forming plasma cells from mouse bone marrow cultures has previously been described. The present study attempts to elucidate the mode of action of thymic RNA in these cultures. Autoradiography after using radiolabeled thymic RNA showed that radioactive material was mainly incorporated into the nuclei of IgG-forming plasma cells. No radiolabeled thymic RNA was incorporated into the cells except immunoblasts. The incorporated thymic RNA was acid insoluble and digested by RNase, but resistant to DNase and pronase. Radioactivity in the nucleotide pool after the cells were cultured with radiolabeled thymic RNA was negligible, indicating that reutilization of degraded RNA did not occur in the nuclei of the plasma cells. Moreover, the incorporation of radiolabeled thymic RNA by the cells was not prevented by excess unlabeled nucleosides. Escherichia coli transfer RNA, L-cell RNA and synthetic polynucleotide poly(A-U) were incorporated but were distributed in a different manner in the cells. A derivative of rifampicin, 2'5'-dimethyl N(4') benzyl-N(4')[desmethyl]rifampicin (AF/ABDMP), a possible inhibitor of RNA-dependent DNA polymerases, suppressed both the incorporation of thymic RNA and the differentiation of immunoblasts. AF/ABDMP suppressed DNA synthesis by bone marrow cultures to the same level as those pretreated with anti-mouse B-cell antibodies and complement. DNA dependent RNA polymerase activity was observed in the supernatant of bone marrow cultures stimulated by normal syngeneic thymic RNA and human gammaglobulin as antigen. These results imply a possible relationship between B-cell differentiation and RNA-dependent DNA polymerases.
Involvement of chemokines and Th1 cytokines in the pathogenesis of mucocutaneous lesions of Behçet's disease (2004)

Our data suggest a direct role of Th1 lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of mucocutaneous BD lesions.
Microbricks for Three-Dimensional Reconfigurable Modular Microsystems (2011)

This paper explores the design of “microbricks”-interlocking microscale building blocks that can be used to assemble and reconfigure 3-D structures on a regular lattice. We present the design and fabrication of a space-filling rotation and flip-invariant 500-μm microbrick architecture suitable for 3-D assembly. We describe the design considerations used to optimize mechanical, fabrication, and assembly properties of the components and the finished structures. The final brick geometry was fabricated using two different fabrication techniques: Silicon bricks were micromachined out of silicon, and SU-8 polymer tiles were built up in a three-layer process. The resulting bricks were characterized, and proof-of-concept structures comprising ten bricks were assembled to demonstrate the physical interlocking and compatibility between the two materials. We suggest that the presented interlocking geometry could serve in the future to fabricate passive and active modular macroscale structures from microscale components.
An Expanded Palette of Genetically Encoded Ca 2+ Indicators (2011)

Engineered fluorescent protein (FP) chimeras that modulate their fluorescence in response to changes in calcium ion (Ca(2+)) concentration are powerful tools for visualizing intracellular signaling activity. However, despite a decade of availability, the palette of single FP-based Ca(2+) indicators has remained limited to a single green hue. We have expanded this palette by developing blue, improved green, and red intensiometric indicators, as well as an emission ratiometric indicator with an 11,000% ratio change. This series enables improved single-color Ca(2+) imaging in neurons and transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. In HeLa cells, Ca(2+) was imaged in three subcellular compartments, and, in conjunction with a cyan FP-yellow FP-based indicator, Ca(2+) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate were simultaneously imaged. This palette of indicators paints the way to a colorful new era of Ca(2+) imaging.
Peptide analogs in the therapy of prostate cancer (2000)

The use of peptide analogs in the therapy of prostate cancer is reviewed. The preferred primary treatment of advanced androgen-dependent prostate cancer is presently based on the use of depot preparations of LH-RH agonists. This treatment is likewise recommended in patients with rising PSA levels after surgery or radiotherapy. LH-RH agonists with or without antiandrogens can be also utilized prior to or following various local treatments in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and at high risk for disease recurrence. LH-RH antagonists like Cetrorelix are in clinical trials. However, most patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma treated by any modality of androgen deprivation eventually relapse. Treatment of relapsed androgen-independent prostate cancer remains a major challenge, but new therapeutic modalities are being developed based on antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) and bombesin, which inhibit growth factors or their receptors. Another approach consists of cytotoxic analogs of LH-RH, bombesin, and somatostatin containing doxorubicin or 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin, which can be targeted to receptors for these peptides found in prostate cancers and their metastases. These cytotoxic analogs inhibit growth of experimental androgen-dependent or -independent prostate cancers and reduce the incidence of metastases. A rational therapy with peptide analogs could be selected on the basis of receptors present in biopsy samples. The approaches based on peptide analogs should result in a more effective treatment for prostate cancer. Prostate 45:158–166, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Femtosecond-Laser-Assisted Microstructuring of Silicon Surfaces (2003)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text James E. Carey, Catherine H. Crouch, and Eric Mazur, "Femtosecond-Laser-Assisted Microstructuring of Silicon Surfaces," Optics & Photonics News 14(2), 32-36 (2003) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Improved Binding Activity of Antibodies against Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Chain-Related Gene A by Phage Display Technology for Cancer-Targeted Therapy (2012)

Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A (MICA) is an NKG2D ligand that is over-expressed under cellular stress including cancer transformation and viral infection. High expression of MICA in cancer tissues or patients' sera is useful for prognostic or follow-up markers in cancer patients. In this study, phage display technology was employed to improve antigen-binding activities of anti-MICA monoclonal antibodies (WW2G8, WW6B7, and WW9B8). The 12 amino acid residues in the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) on the V domain of the heavy chain CDR3 (HCDR3) of these anti-MICA antibodies were modified by PCR-random mutagenesis, and phages displaying mutated anti-MICA Fab were constructed. After seven rounds of panning, five clones of phages displaying mutant anti-MICA Fab which exhibited 3-7-folds higher antigen-binding activities were isolated. Two clones of the mutants (phage-displayed mutant Fab WW9B8.1 and phage-displayed mutant Fab WW9B8.21) were confirmed to have antigen-binding specificity for cell surface MICA proteins by flow cytometry. These phage clones are able to recognize MICA in a native form according to positive results obtained by indirect ELISA and flow cytometry. Thus, these phage particles could be potentially used for further development of nanomedicine specifically targeting cancer cells expressing MICA proteins.
Molecular Cloning of the Hamster CMP‐sialic Acid Transporter (1997)

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) glycosylation mutants of the Lec2 complementation group are unable to express sialylated glycoproteins and glycolipids due to a defect in the Golgi CMP-sialic acid transporter (CMP-Sia-Tr). Using an expression cloning strategy, we isolated a cDNA encoding the hamster CMP-Sia-Tr which complements the Lec2 phenotype. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned cDNA shows 95% identity to the recently cloned murine CMP-Sia-Tr. The expression of a hamster CMP-Sia-Tr fusion protein with an N-terminal MDYKDDDDK (FLAG) sequence revealed Golgi localisation of the transporter. Amino acid sequence comparison revealed strong similarity (44.6% identity and 19.3% similarity) of CMP-Sia-Tr to the recently cloned human UDP-galactose transporter (UDP-Gal-Tr). In contrast, sequence similarities to the yeast UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transporter (UDP-GlcNAc-Tr) and the GDP-mannose transporter (GDP-Man-Tr) of Leishmania donovani are restricted to a region encoding the two most C-terminally located transmembrane helices. A computer-based structural analysis of CMP-Sia-Tr proposes an eight transmembrane helix model with the N- and C-termini located on the cytosolic side of the Golgi membrane.
Review Targeting B cells for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2013)

The role of B cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been debated for decades. However, recent clinical trial data indicating that depletion of B cells in RA patients is of therapeutic benefit has validated the importance of this cell type in the pathogenesis of the disease. Elucidation of the molecular basis of B cell development and activation has allowed the identification of a number of possible therapeutic targets that are appealing for drug development. This review discusses briefly a number of these molecules and the rationale for targeting them for the treatment of RA.
Iron-Magnesium Hydroxycarbonate (Fermagate) (2009)

The efficacy and tolerability of fermagate were dose dependent. Fermagate showed promising efficacy in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic hemodialysis patients as compared with placebo in this initial phase II study. The optimal balance between efficacy and tolerability needs to be determined from future dose-titration studies, or fixed-dose comparisons of more doses.