gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidative and Anti-Glycation Activity of Garcinol fromGarcinia indicaFruit Rind (2000)

Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative, was purified from Garcinia indica fruit rind, and its antioxidative activity, chelating activity, free radical scavenging activity, and anti-glycation activity were studied. Garcinol exhibited moderate antioxidative activity in the micellar linoleic acid peroxidation system and also exhibited chelating activity at almost the same level as citrate. It also showed nearly 3 times greater DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity than DL-alpha-tocopherol by weight in aqueous ethanol solution. In a phenazine methosulfate/NADH-nitroblue tetrazolium system, garcinol exhibited superoxide anion scavenging activity and suppressed protein glycation in a bovine serum albumin/fructose system. Thus, garcinol might be beneficial as a potent antioxidant and a glycation inhibitor under specified conditions.
Serum vitamin D-binding protein is a third member of the albumin and alpha fetoprotein gene family. (1985)

A near full-length cDNA encoding the human vitamin D-binding protein (hDBP) was isolated from a human liver mRNA expression library. Complete sequence analysis of this clone predicts the full-length amino acid sequence of the pre-hDBP. Comparison of the sequence of the hDBP mRNA and protein to existing protein and nucleic acid data banks demonstrates a strong and highly characteristic homology of the hDBP with human albumin (hALB) and human alpha-fetoprotein (hAFP). Based upon this structural comparison, we establish that DBP is a member of the ALB and AFP gene family.
Bone Development (2000)

Early development of the vertebrate skeleton depends on genes that pattern the distribution and proliferation of cells from cranial neural crest, sclerotomes, and lateral plate mesoderm into mesenchymal condensations at sites of future skeletal elements. Within these condensations, cells differentiate to chondrocytes or osteoblasts and form cartilages and bones under the control of various transcription factors. In most of the skeleton, organogenesis results in cartilage models of future bones; in these models cartilage is replaced by bone by the process of endochondral ossification. Lastly, through a controlled process of bone growth and remodeling the final skeleton is shaped and molded. Significant and exciting insights into all aspects of vertebrate skeletal development have been obtained through molecular and genetic studies of animal models and humans with inherited disorders of skeletal morphogenesis, organogenesis, and growth.
Cyclic Nucleotide‐Gated Channels: Molecular Mechanisms of Activation (1999)

Activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels represents the final step in the transduction pathways in both vision and olfaction. Over the past several years, CNG channels have been found in a variety of other cell types where they might fulfill various physiological functions. The olfactory and photoreceptor CNG channels rely on the binding of at least two molecules of cAMP or cGMP at intracellular sites on the channel protein to open a nonspecific cation conductance with a significant permeability to Ca ions. A series of elegant experiments with cloned channels and chimeric constructs has revealed significant information regarding the binding and gating reactions that lead to CNG channel activation. These recent studies have identified several regions as well as specific amino acid residues distributed on the retinal or the olfactory CNG channel subunits that play a key role in channel regulation. In this review, we will focus on these specific molecular sites of activation and modulation of CNG channels.
Permanent Rapid Atrial Pacing to Control Supraventricular Tachycardia (1979)

A case is reported of a patient who had continuous supraventricular tachycardia with a ventricular rate of about 170. The arrhythmia was refractory to drugs and DC countershock, and did not convert with atrial pacing. Rapid atrial stimulation controlled the ventricular rate by simulating atrial fibrillation (pacing at 300-400/min), or by simulating a faster atrial tachycardia with 2:1 conduction (pacing at 205-210/min). This form of therapy was used on a permanent basis for more than five months.
The Transforming Growth Factor-β Superfamily Cytokine Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 Is Present in High Concentrations in the Serum of Pregnant Women1 (2000)

Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) is a recently described divergent member of the transforming growth factor-ss superfamily. MIC-1 transcription up-regulation is associated with macrophage activation, and this observation led to its cloning. Northern blots indicate that MIC-1 is also present in human placenta. A sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantification of MIC-1 was developed and used to examine the role of this cytokine in pregnancy. High levels of MIC-1 are present in the sera of pregnant women. The level rises substantially with progress of gestation. MIC-1 can also be detected, in large amounts, in amniotic fluid and placental extracts. In addition, the BeWo placental trophoblastic cell line was found to constitutively express the MIC-1 transcript and secrete large amounts of MIC-1. These findings suggest that the placental trophoblast is a major source of the MIC-1 present in maternal serum and amniotic fluid. We suggest that MIC-1 may promote fetal survival by suppressing the production of maternally derived proinflammatory cytokines within the uterus.
Independent cyclic AMP and E1A induction of adenovirus early region 4 expression (1989)

A cellular transcription factor, ATF, binds to a repeated element in the adenovirus early region 4 (E4) promoter. ATF also binds to other viral early promoter regions and to the cyclic AMP (cAMP) response elements of cellular genes. In this report, we demonstrate that a single ATF-binding site located immediately upstream of the E4 TATA box, between -62 and -46, mediates induction of E4 transcription by 8-bromoadenosine-3',5-cyclic monophosphate or cholera toxin in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12. Different ATF-binding sites in the E4 control region independently conferred cAMP inducibility on the simian virus 40 early promoter in PC12 cells. Induction of E4 expression by cAMP was also observed in virus-infected HepG2 cells. Other viral early promoter regions that contain ATF-binding sites (E1A and E2A) were also induced by cAMP in infected cells. E4 expression was activated by the E1A 13S mRNA products in HepG2 cells. E1A trans activation appears to be distinct from the cAMP response.
L‐Carnitine Suppresses Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis (2018)

Liver cirrhosis (LC) is a major cause of secondary sarcopenia. Sarcopenia makes the prognosis worse; thus, novel therapeutic options for sarcopenia in patients with LC are urgently required as they are currently limited. In this retrospective study, 158 patients with LC were screened, and 35 of those patients who were treated with L-carnitine for more than 6 months and for whom skeletal muscle mass changes could be evaluated by computer tomography were enrolled. Of the 158 patients, 79 patients who did not receive L-carnitine supplementation served as controls. Cases and controls were propensity score matched for age, sex, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and branched chain amino acid administration, and changes in skeletal muscle mass and clinical data were compared. The 35 patients who received L-carnitine supplementation and 35 propensity score-matched patients who did not receive carnitine supplementation comprised the final enrollment. Compared with control patients, patients who received L-carnitine had significantly worse liver function, which is associated with rapid progress of skeletal muscle depletion. However, loss of skeletal muscle mass was significantly suppressed in patients receiving L-carnitine, and a significant effect was observed in patient subgroups stratified by age, sex, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and branched chain amino acid administration. The change ratios of most laboratory data, including vitamin D and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, were similar in the two groups, but ammonia levels were significantly less in those receiving L-carnitine. However, even in patients receiving L-carnitine but not showing an ammonia decrease, loss of skeletal muscle was significantly suppressed. <i>Conclusion:</i> L-carnitine suppresses loss of skeletal muscle mass and may therefore be a novel therapeutic option for sarcopenia in patients with LC. (<i>Hepatology Communications</i> 2018; 00:000-000).
A Three-Step Procedure for Language Generation (1980)

This paper outlines a three-step plan for generating English text from any semantic representation by applying a set of syntactic transformations to a collection of kernel sentences. The paper focuses on describing a program which realizes the third step of this plan. Step One separates the given representation into groups and generates from each group a set of kernel sentences. Step Two must decide based upon both syntactic and thematic considerations, the set of transformations that should be performed upon each set of kernels. The output of the first two steps provides the "TASK" for Step Three. Each element of the TASK corresponds to the generation of one English sentence, and in turn may be defined as a triple consisting of: (a) a list of kernel phrase markers; (b) a list of transformations to be performed upon the list of kernels; (c) a "syntactic separator" to separate or connect generated sentences. Step Three takes as input the results of Step One and Step Two. The program which implements Step three "reads" the TASK, executes the transformations indicated there, combines the altered kernels of each set into a sentence, performs a pronomialization process, and finally produces the appropriate English word string. This approach subdivides a hard problem into three more manageable and relatively independent pieces. It uses linguistically motivated theories at Step Two and Step Three. As implemented so far, Step Three is small and highly efficient. The system is flexible; all the transformations can be applied in any order. The system is general; it can be adapted easily to many domains.
High incidence of human type-C retrovirus (HTLV) in family members of a HTLV-positive Japanese T-cell leukemia patient. (1983)

Sera and peripheral blood cells of an adult T-cell leukemia patient and several clinically normal members of his family from the northwest coast of Japan were examined for evidence of infection with human T-cell leukemia (lymphoma) virus (HTLV). The sera of the patient and his parents had antibodies to HTLV, whereas these antibodies were absent in the sera of the patient's brother and sister. T-cell lines were established from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of all of the family members, and all except the patient's sister expressed HTLV antigens (p19, p24, and reverse transcriptase) and type-C virus particles. Not only the fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes from the patient but also those from his clinically normal mother showed abnormal morphology of the kind characteristic of some patients with T-cell leukemia. These studies are consistent with previous evidence indicative of a high rate of HTLV infection within families, and they show that people whose sera are negative for antibodies may still be infected by HTLV. In addition, the results indicate that infection of T cells by HTLV can be associated with morphological transformation of the cells without other signs of leukemia.
Entorhinal Cortex Lesion in Adult Rats Induces the Expression of the Neuronal Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan Neurocan in Reactive Astrocytes (1999)

The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan neurocan is a major component of brain extracellular matrix during development. Neurocan is primarily synthesized by neurons and has the ability to interact with cell adhesion molecules involved in the regulation of cell migration and axonal growth. Within the first weeks postnatally, neurocan expression is strongly downregulated. To test whether neurocan is reexpressed in areas of axonal growth (sprouting) after brain injury, the time course of neurocan expression was analyzed in the denervated fascia dentata of the rat after entorhinal cortex lesion (12 hr; 1, 2, 4, and 10 d; 2 and 4 weeks; and 6 months after lesion). In the denervated zone, immunohistochemistry revealed neurocan-positive astrocytes by 2 d after lesion and a diffuse labeling of the extracellular matrix at all later time points. Electron microscopy confirmed the deposition of neurocan in the extracellular matrix compartment. In situ hybridization demonstrated a strong upregulation of neurocan mRNA within the denervated outer molecular layer 1 and 4 d after lesion. The combination of in situ hybridization with immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein demonstrated that the neurocan mRNA-expressing cells are astrocytes. These data demonstrate that neurocan is reexpressed in the injured brain. In contrast to the situation during development, astrocytes, but not neurons, express neurocan and enrich the extracellular matrix with this molecule. Similar to the situation during development, neurocan is expressed in an area of active axon growth, and it is suggested that neurocan acts to maintain the boundaries of the denervated fascia dentata after entorhinal cortex lesion.
Cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine on human osteoblastic cells is related to intracellular glutathione levels (2010)

The levels of CHX tested inhibited cell growth, proliferation and collagen synthesis on U2OS cells. CHX has significant potential for periapical toxicity. GSH depletion might be one of the mechanisms underlying CHX cytotoxicity.
Comparison of a Tubular Pulsatile Pump and a Volumetric Pump for Continuous Venovenous Renal Replacement Therapy in a Pediatric Animal Model (2005)

We compare the efficacy of a tubular pulsatile pump and a conventional volumetric pump (IVAC 571), connected to a neonatal hemofiltration circuit with an FH22 filter, for continuous renal replacement therapy in 54 Maryland pigs weighing 8-16 kg. Three different flow rates (30 ml/min in 12 cases, 15 ml/min in 22 cases, and 5 ml/min in 20 cases) were used over a 2-hour period. Hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration were performed, and measurements of ultrafiltrate flow, circuit pressures, heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, urea, creatinine, total proteins, Na, K, Cl, hematocrit, and hemolysis parameters (aspartate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, haptoglobin, indirect bilirubin, free hemoglobin) were made. There were no differences in ultrafiltrate flow between the two pumps. Ultrafiltrate volume was significantly higher with higher flows (p < 0.01). The technique was well tolerated by all pigs. When each blood flow was analyzed separately, cross-filter pressure drop was significantly higher in the volumetric pump than in the tubular pulsatile pump (p < 0.05). No significant differences in heart rate, blood pressure, or analytical determinations were seen between the two pumps. We conclude that pulsatile and volumetric pumps can be uses as an alternative to roller pumps for continuous venovenous renal replacement therapy in neonates and infants.
Proteoglycans of the human intervertebral disc. Electrophoretic heterogeneity of the aggregating proteoglycans of the nucleus pulposus (1988)

Nuclei pulposi were dissected from lumbar discs of radiologically normal human spines of cadavers aged 17, 20 and 21 years. Proteoglycans were extracted with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride (dissociative conditions) with proteinase inhibitors and isolated as A1 fractions by associative density-gradient centrifugation. Aggregating and non-aggregating proteoglycans were separated by Sepharose 2B chromatography. Both aggregating and non-aggregating proteoglycans contained a keratan sulphate-rich region as isolated by chondroitinase/trypsin/chymotrypsin digestion and Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. Agarose/acrylamide-gel electrophoresis of individual fractions of a Bio-Gel A-50m dissociative-column separation of the aggregating proteoglycans revealed two, well-separated bands: S and F, the slower and faster migrating bands respectively. The non-aggregating proteoglycan fractions were eluted under associative conditions (0.5 M-sodium acetate, pH 6.8) and migrated as a single band in the electrophoretic system. The gel-electrophoretic heterogeneity of the aggregating proteoglycans was still evident after hydroxylamine fragmentation and removal of the hyaluronate-binding portion of the molecule. Dissociative density-gradient centrifugation of the aggregating proteoglycans partially separated the Band-S proteoglycans from the Band-F population. Subsequent dissociative chromatography of the high-buoyant-density Band F proteoglycans permitted discrimination of this band into two gel-electrophoresis-distinguishable populations (Bands F-1 and F-2). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with a monoclonal antibody that recognized keratan sulphate demonstrated that the D1 fraction containing the Band F-1 proteoglycans was enriched in keratan sulphate compared with the total aggregating or non-aggregating pool of proteoglycans. The proteoglycans of young adult nucleus pulposus could then be ascribed to one of four structurally and/or electrophoretically distinct populations: (1) the non-aggregating population, which comprised about 70% of the total extractable proteoglycans; (2) the aggregating pool, comprising: (a) Band F-1 proteoglycans, which had a relatively large hydrodynamic size, uronate/protein weight ratio, were enriched in keratan sulphate and had a high buoyant density; (b) Band S proteoglycans, which migrated slower in agarose/acrylamide gels, had a smaller hydrodynamic size, lower buoyant density and a lower uronate/protein ratio than the Band F-1 population; (c) Band F-2 proteoglycans, which were lower in buoyant density, smaller in hydrodynamic size and slightly faster in electrophoretic mobility than the Band F-1 proteoglycans.
The Influence of Fuel Characteristics on Vaporization in the S.I. Engine Cylinder During Cranking at Low Temperature (1978)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Using five single-component, three dual-component and five full boiling range fuels, the relationship between engine startability under low temperature and fuel volatility was experimentally studied. The study was carried out through the analysis of fuel vaporization and mixture formation in the cylinder. The effect of other factors such as cranking speed, ignition timing and fuel quantity supplied to the cylinder on startability was also examined from the view point of fuel vaporization in the cylinder. A theoretical approach for estimating the startability with fuels of various volatility was attempted. Based on this estimation, the degree of cold startability deterioration with lower volatility fuels and the way to improve cold engine startability were discussed.&lt;/div&gt;
Emerging Understanding of Multiscale Tumor Heterogeneity (2014)

Cancer is a multifaceted disease characterized by heterogeneous genetic alterations and cellular metabolism, at the organ, tissue, and cellular level. Key features of cancer heterogeneity are summarized by 10 acquired capabilities, which govern malignant transformation and progression of invasive tumors. The relative contribution of these hallmark features to the disease process varies between cancers. At the DNA and cellular level, germ-line and somatic gene mutations are found across all cancer types, causing abnormal protein production, cell behavior, and growth. The tumor microenvironment and its individual components (immune cells, fibroblasts, collagen, and blood vessels) can also facilitate or restrict tumor growth and metastasis. Oncology research is currently in the midst of a tremendous surge of comprehension of these disease mechanisms. This will lead not only to novel drug targets but also to new challenges in drug discovery. Integrated, multi-omic, multiplexed technologies are essential tools in the quest to understand all of the various cellular changes involved in tumorigenesis. This review examines features of cancer heterogeneity and discusses how multiplexed technologies can facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of these features.
Formation of Neurofibrillary Tangles in P301L Tau Transgenic Mice Induced by Aβ42 Fibrils (2001)

beta-Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the defining neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, but their pathophysiological relation is unclear. Injection of beta-amyloid Abeta42 fibrils into the brains of P301L mutant tau transgenic mice caused fivefold increases in the numbers of NFTs in cell bodies within the amygdala from where neurons project to the injection sites. Gallyas silver impregnation identified NFTs that contained tau phosphorylated at serine 212/threonine 214 and serine 422. NFTs were composed of twisted filaments and occurred in 6-month-old mice as early as 18 days after Abeta42 injections. Our data support the hypothesis that Abeta42 fibrils can accelerate NFT formation in vivo.
Thermonuclear Reaction Listing with Cross-Section Data for Four Advanced Reactions (1990)

Based on earlier work, all known thermonuclear reactions involving reactant particles up to and including 11B are presented. The neutron-induced reactions have been eliminated, as the focus is on advanced fuels. Many new reactions have been added since the information was originally published.
Chronic incomplete atrioventricular block induced by radiofrequency catheter ablation. (1989)

To determine if catheter ablation of the atrioventricular (AV) junction with radiofrequency energy can induce chronic incomplete (first- and second-degree) AV block to avoid the need for a permanent pacemaker, 20 closed-chest dogs were studied. Group 1 (10 dogs) received radiofrequency energy (750 kHz) with a fixed power setting (5 or 10 W) while increasing the pulse duration from 10 to 50 seconds for each application. Group 2 (10 dogs) received energy with a fixed pulse duration (20 or 30 seconds) while increasing the power setting from 5 to 10 W or from 10 to 20 W during each energy delivery. Radiofrequency energy was delivered between a chest-patch electrode and the distal electrode of a regular 7F tripolar His bundle catheter. For each application, the energy delivery was interrupted when 1) the PR interval prolonged (greater than 50%) or 2) second-degree or complete AV block occurred and persisted up to 5 seconds. The ablation procedure ended when there was 1) persistent PR prolongation (greater than 50%) or persistent second-degree AV block (lasting greater than 30 minutes) after ablation, 2) occurrence of two consecutive transient (less than 1 minute) complete AV blocks after each energy delivery, or 3) complete AV block (lasting greater than 2 minutes) after ablation. Of seven dogs in group 1 and five dogs in group 2 in which incomplete AV block was achieved 1 hour after the procedure, six in group 1 and five in group 2 remained in incomplete AV block 2-3 months after ablation. One dog in group 1 progressed into complete AV block. Of the remaining three dogs in group 1 and five dogs in group 2 in which complete AV block was initially achieved 1 hour after ablation, two in group 1 and four in group 2 continued to have complete AV block, whereas one in each group had AV conduction returned to incomplete at 1-2 months of follow-up. Thus, a total of 13 dogs had chronic incomplete AV block induced by radiofrequency catheter ablation. Pathologic examination of the conduction system in two dogs with first-degree AV block, two dogs with second-degree AV block, and one dog with complete AV block showed discrete scars involving the approaches to the AV node and the AV node itself. It is concluded that, in most dogs studied, chronic incomplete AV block could be achieved by careful titration of the dosage of radiofrequency energy and by regulation of the ablation end points.