gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of genes forStaphylococcus aureusthermonuclease and methicillin resistance and correlation with oxacillin resistance (1993)

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was used for simultaneous amplification of the staphylococcal nuc gene, encoding the thermostable nuclease (TNase), and the mecA gene, encoding the penicillin-binding protein 2a which is associated with staphylococcal methicillin resistance. A total of 219 staphylococcal strains were tested and the mPCR data were compared with coagulase production and in vitro oxacillin susceptibility. The agreement was 100% for coagulase production and nuc amplification, and 97.7%, 96.8 and 97.3% for mecA amplification and oxacillin resistance tested with MIC determination, disk diffusion and agar screen methods, respectively. Discrepant results were due to non-S. aureus isolates with borderline MICs of oxacillin (1-8 micrograms/ml). In a pilot test the mPCR simultaneously amplified both genes of staphylococci in blood cultures. This mPCR is a rapid and reliable method for single-step identification of cultures of MRSA and may prove to be useful for direct application on clinical specimens.
Structural model of the nucleotide-binding conserved component of periplasmic permeases. (1991)

The amino acid sequences of 17 bacterial membrane proteins that are components of periplasmic permeases and function in the uptake of a variety of small molecules and ions are highly homologous to each other and contain sequence motifs characteristic of nucleotide-binding proteins. These proteins are known to bind ATP and are postulated to be the energy-coupling components of the permeases. Several medically important eukaryotic proteins, including the multidrug-resistance transporters and the protein encoded by the cystic fibrosis gene, are also homologous to this family. By multiple sequence alignment of these 17 proteins, the consensus sequence, secondary structure, and surface exposure were predicted. The secondary structural motifs that are conserved among nucleotide-binding proteins were identified in adenylate kinase, p21ras, and elongation factor Tu by superposition of their known tertiary structures. The equivalent secondary structural elements in the predicted conserved component were located. These, together with sequence information, served as guides for alignment with adenylate kinase. A model for the structure of the ATP-binding domain of the permease proteins is proposed by analogy to the adenylate kinase structure. The characteristics of several permease mutations and biochemical data lend support to the model.
Binary blends of diblock copolymers as an effective route to multiple length scales in perfect directed self-assembly of diblock copolymer thin films (2006)

The directed assembly of binary blends of diblock copolymers on chemically nanopatterned substrates was investigated as a means to pattern features of controlled dimensions at the nanoscale. The lamella-forming blends assembled without defects and in registration with underlying chemical surface patterns that had periods LS that were commensurate with the bulk lamellar period of the blends LB. LB was tuned between the bulk lamellar periods of the block copolymers LO1 and LO2.
Genetic Factors Influencing High Oleic Acid Content in Spanish Market‐Type Peanut Cultivars (2001)

Increasing the ratio of oleic to linoleic acid (O/L) in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) significantly improves the nutritional and quality attributes of the crop. In currently grown cultivars, the O/L ratio ranges from 0.8 to 2.5. Variation in peanut for O/L ratio has been characterized, and the O/L ratio is digenically inherited at two loci designated as Ol 1 and Ol 2 Previous research has been conducted with Virginia‐ and runner‐type peanut; however, there have been no reports regarding the inheritance and allele frequency at these loci in Spanish‐type peanut. The objectives of this study were to determine if the inheritance of the high oleate trait in Spanish‐type peanut is similar to that previously reported and to determine the allelic composition of Spanish‐type peanut at Ol 1 and Ol 2 Six different Spanish‐type peanut cultivars (low oleate) were hybridized with F435‐2—2 (high oleate). F 2 and BC 1 F 1 progenies were evaluated for the O/L ratio. Segregation patterns indicated that high oleic acid content is digenically inherited in Spanish‐type peanut, but there seems to be more allelic variation both within and among these cultivars. In addition, variation within the high and low oleate ratio classes indicated that other factors may be involved in determining the precise O/L ratio.
Bioreductive alkylating agent porfiromycin in combination with radiation therapy for the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (1997)

Porfiromycin (methyl mitomycin C) has been shown in laboratory studies to have increased preferential cytotoxicity to hypoxic cells and therefore may provide enhanced therapeutic efficacy over mitomycin C when used in combination with radiation therapy (RT). The purpose of the two clinical studies reported here is to evaluate the concomitant use of porfiromycin with RT in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Between October 1989 and July 1992, 21 patients presenting with locally advanced stage III/IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were entered into a phase I toxicity trial evaluating porfiromycin as an adjunct to RT. Patients were eligible if they had biopsy documented squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with a low probability of cure by conventional means. Patients were treated with standard fractionated daily RT to a total median dose of 63 Gy, with porfiromycin administered on days 5 and 47 of the course of RT. Upon completion of this phase I trial, a phase III trial was initiated in November 1992 randomizing patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck to RT with mitomycin C vs. RT with porfiromycin. There is no radiation only arm in this current trial. To date, 75 patients have been entered on this trial and acute toxicity data are available on 67 patients (34 porfiromycin, 31 mitomycin C) who have completed their entire course of treatment. Median follow-up of the 21 patients enrolled in the phase I porfiromycin trial is 58.5 months. Of the 21 patients, 5 were treated at a dose of 50 mg/M2, 4 at 45 mg/M2, and the final 12 at 40 mg/M2, which appeared to result in acceptable acute hematological and nonhematological toxicities. As of December 1995, 14 of the 21 patients have died with disease and 7 remain alive and free of disease, resulting in a 5-year actuarial survival of 32%. Of the patients enrolled to date in the phase III randomized trial of mitomycin C vs. porfiromycin, there have been no statistically significant differences between the two arms with respect to white blood cell count (WBC), platelet, or hemoglobin nadirs. Acute nonhematological toxicities including mucositis, epidermitis, odynophagia, and nausea have also been comparable. Two patients in this current randomized trial died during treatment, apparently of nondrug-related causes. We conclude that the bioreductive alkylating agent porfiromycin has demonstrated an acceptable toxicity profile to date. Final analysis of the phase I trial, which revealed a 5-year no evidence of disease survival rate of 32% in patients with locally advanced disease and a low probability of cure, appears encouraging. We anticipate completion of the current ongoing trial comparing mitomycin C to porfiromycin in the next 2 years. Further investigations, including large-scale multiinstitutional trials employing bioreductive alkylating agents or other hypoxic cell cytotoxins as adjuncts to RT, are warranted.
Weed Control from Herbicide Combinations with Three Formulations of Glyphosate1 (2001)

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate weed control from various formulations of glyphosate alone and in combination with postemergence herbicides. Tank mixtures did not increase barnyardgrass control 2 wk after treatment (WAT) when compared with glyphosate alone; however, tank mixtures did reduce barnyardgrass fresh weight 4 WAT when compared with glyphosate alone in several instances. Antagonism was observed when chlorimuron was combined with all formulations of glyphosate 4 WAT, but control was not reduced when compared with glyphosate alone. Selective herbicides added to glyphosate had an additive or antagonistic effect on prickly sida fresh-weight reductions. Antagonism of pitted morningglory fresh-weight reductions occurred when glyphosate was combined with all herbicides except acifluorfen, which had an additive effect. Fomesafen or lactofen effectively controlled hemp sesbania 2 WAT without the addition of glyphosate. Acifluorfen and chlorimuron combined with glyphosate Cheminova, Monsanto, or Zeneca reduced hemp sesbania fresh weight nearly twofold more than glyphosate alone.Nomenclature: Acifluorfen; chlorimuron; fomesafen; glyphosate; lactofen; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. #3 ECHCG; hemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex. A. W. Hill # SEBEX; pitted morningglory, Ipomea lacunosa L. # IPOLA; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSP.Additional index words: Additive effects, antagonism, reduced rates, synergism.Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactase synthase; C, Cheminova; LSD, least significance difference; M, Monsanto; POST, postemergence; WAT, weeks after treatment; Z, Zeneca.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Fluorescent α-Amino Acids Containing Oxine (8-Hydroxyquinoline) and Their Peptide Incorporation in Chemosensors for Divalent Zinc (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTStereoselective Synthesis of Fluorescent α-Amino Acids Containing Oxine (8-Hydroxyquinoline) and Their Peptide Incorporation in Chemosensors for Divalent ZincGrant K. Walkup and Barbara ImperialiView Author Information Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 19, 6727–6731Publication Date (Web):August 28, 1998Publication History Received26 March 1998Published online28 August 1998Published inissue 1 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo980563hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo980563hbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views809Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Fluorescence,Ions,Metals,Peptides and proteins,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Nonprimate Models of Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection: Gaining Insight into Pathogenesis and Prevention of Disease in Newborns (2006)

Congenital and perinatal infections with cytomegalovirus (CMV) are responsible for considerable short- and long- term morbidity in infants. CMV is the most common congenital viral infection in the developed world, and is a common cause of neurodevelopmental injury, including mental retardation and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Antiviral therapy has been shown to be valuable in ameliorating the severity of SNHL, but CMV disease control in newborns ultimately depends on successful development of a vaccine. Because CMVs are extremely species specific, preclinical evaluation of vaccines must be performed in animal models using the appropriate CMV of the animal being studied. Several small animal models available for CMV vaccine and pathogenesis research are described. The discussion focuses on the guinea pig model because guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV), which crosses the placenta and causes infection in utero, is uniquely useful. Examination of vaccines in the GPCMV and other nonprimate models should provide insights into the determinants of the host response that protect the fetus, and may help to prioritize potential vaccine strategies for use in human clinical trials related to this important public health problem.
Energy aware compilation for DSPs with SIMD instructions (2002)

The growing use of digital signal processors (DSPs) in embedded systems necessitates the use of optimizing compilers supporting special hardware features. In this paper we present compiler optimizations with the aim of minimizing energy consumption of embedded applications: This comprises loop optimizations for exploitation of SIMD instructions and zero overhead hardware loops in order to increase performance and decrease the energy consumption. In addition, we use a phase coupled code generator based on a genetic algorithm (GCG) which is capable of performing energy aware instruction selection and scheduling. Energy aware compilation is done with respect to an instruction level energy cost model which is integrated into our code generator and simulator. Experimental results for several benchmarks show the effectiveness of our approach.
Neurons respond directly to mechanical deformation with pannexin‐mediated ATP release and autostimulation of P2X7 receptors (2012)

Mechanical deformation produces complex effects on neuronal systems, some of which can lead to dysfunction and neuronal death. While astrocytes are known to respond to mechanical forces, it is not clear whether neurons can also respond directly. We examined mechanosensitive ATP release and the physiological response to this release in isolated retinal ganglion cells. Purified ganglion cells released ATP upon swelling. Release was blocked by carbenoxolone, probenecid or peptide (10)panx, implicating pannexin channels as conduits. Mechanical stretch of retinal ganglion cells also triggered a pannexin-dependent ATP release. Whole cell patch clamp recording demonstrated that mild swelling induced the activation of an Ohmic cation current with linear kinetics. The current was inhibited by removal of extracellular ATP with apyrase, by inhibition of the P2X(7) receptor with A438079, zinc, or AZ 10606120, and by pannexin blockers carbenoxolone and probenecid. Probenecid also inhibited the regulatory volume decrease observed after swelling isolated neurons. Together, these observations indicate mechanical strain triggers ATP release directly from retinal ganglion cells and that this released ATP autostimulates P2X(7) receptors. Since extracellular ATP levels in the retina increase with elevated intraocular pressure, and stimulation of P2X(7) receptors on retinal ganglion cells can be lethal, this autocrine response may impact ganglion cells in glaucoma. It remains to be determined whether the autocrine stimulation of purinergic receptors is a general response to a mechanical deformation in neurons, or whether preventing ATP release through pannexin channels and blocking activation of the P2X(7) receptor, is neuroprotective for stretched neurons.
Gain-flattened broadband Er 3+ -doped silicafibre amplifierwith low noise characteristics (1998)

The authors have developed a broadband silica-based EDFA with a wide flat amplification bandwidth of 66 nm, an average gain of 17 dB and a low noise figure of &lt; 5 dB, by employing a hybrid configuration and a gain equaliser.
Rapid cloning by homologous recombinationin vivo (1993)

Journal Article Rapid cloning by homologous recombination in vivo Get access Peter Bubeck, Peter Bubeck Institute of Medical Microbiology, Hannover Medical School, Konstanty-Gutschow-Straβe 830623 Hannover, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Monica Winkler, Monica Winkler Institute of Medical Microbiology, Hannover Medical School, Konstanty-Gutschow-Straβe 830623 Hannover, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wilfried Bautsch Wilfried Bautsch * Institute of Medical Microbiology, Hannover Medical School, Konstanty-Gutschow-Straβe 830623 Hannover, Germany * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 21, Issue 15, 25 July 1993, Pages 3601–3602, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.15.3601 Published: 25 July 1993 Article history Received: 15 March 1993 Revision received: 14 June 1993 Accepted: 14 June 1993 Published: 25 July 1993
Characterization of the Opsonic and Protective Activity against Staphylococcus aureus of Fully Human Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the Bacterial Surface Polysaccharide Poly- N -Acetylglucosamine (2006)

Carbohydrate antigens are important targets of the immune system in clearing bacterial pathogens. Although the immune system almost exclusively uses antibodies in response to foreign carbohydrates, there is still much to learn about the role of different epitopes on the carbohydrate as targets of protective immunity. We examined the role of acetyl group-dependent and -independent epitopes on the staphylococcal surface of polysaccharide poly-N-acetylated glucosamine (PNAG) by use of human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for such epitopes. We utilized hybridoma technology to produce fully human immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) MAbs from B cells of an individual post-Staphylococcus aureus infection and cloned the antibody variable regions to produce an IgG1 form of each original MAb. Specificity and functionality of the purified MAbs were tested in vitro using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, complement deposition, and opsonophagocytic assays. We found that a MAb (MAb F598) that bound the best to nonacetylated or backbone epitopes on PNAG had superior complement deposition and opsonophagocytic activity compared to two MAbs that bound optimally to PNAG that was expressed with a native level (>90%) of N-acetyl groups (MAbs F628 and F630). Protection of mice against lethality due to S. aureus strains Mn8 and Reynolds further showed that the backbone-specific MAb had optimal protective efficacy compared with the acetate-specific MAbs. These results provide evidence for the importance of epitope specificity in inducing the optimal protective antibody response to PNAG and indicate that MAbs to the deacetylated form of PNAG could be immunotherapeutic agents for preventing or treating staphylococcal infections.
Three-layered organic solar cell with a photoactive interlayer of codeposited pigments (1991)

Three-layered organic solar cell with an interlayer of codeposited pigments of n-type perylene tetracarboxylic derivative (Me-PTC) and p-type metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) in between the respective pigment layers, was fabricated. Two times larger photocurrent compared to the double-layered cell without an interlayer was obtained due to the efficient carrier photogeneration in a codeposited layer. The power conversion efficiency reached 0.7% under the intense white light of 100 mW cm−2.
Phytoecdysteroids and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids - Structure and Effects on Humans (2008)

Phytoecdysteroids are structural analogs of the insect molting hormone ecdysone. Plants comprise rich sources of ecdysteroids in high concentration and with broad structural diversity. Ecdysteroids have a number of proven beneficial effects on mammals but the hormonal effects of ecdysteroids have been proven only in arthropods. Their structures are somewhat similar to those of the vertebrate steroid hormones but there are several structural differences between the two steroid groups. Despite of these essential structural differences, ecdysteroids exert numerous effects in vertebrates that are similar to those of vertebrate hormonal steroids, and they may serve as effective anabolic, hepatoprotective, immunoprotective, antioxidant and hypoglycemic agents. Ecdysteroids do not bind to the cytosolic steroid receptors, instead, they are likely to influence signal transduction pathways, like the anabolic steroids, possibly via membrane bound receptors. The application of phytoecdysteroids is a promising alternative to the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids because of the apparent lack of adverse effects. The prospective use of phytoecdysteroids may extend to treatments of pathological conditions where anabolic steroids are routinely applied. One of the most cited aspects of phytoecdysteroid application (on the Internet) is the increase of muscle size. However in this field too stringent research is needed as an adequate cytological explanation is not yet available for the anabolic. This paper reports on the most important structural differences between androgenic hormones, their synthetic analogs and ecdysteroids. The anabolic/hormonal effects and the possible mechanisms of action of these compounds are also discussed as concerns the skeletal muscle.
The integration of deadline and criticalness in hard real-time scheduling (2003)

Two task-scheduling algorithms for distributed hard real-time computer systems are presented. Both algorithms are based on a heuristic approach and explicitly account for both the deadlines and criticality of tasks when making scheduling decisions. In analyzing the algorithms, a performance metric called the weighted guarantee ratio is defined. It reflects both the percentage of tasks that make their deadlines and their relative worth to the system. The performance is analyzed by simulating the behavior of the algorithms as well as that of several other pertinent baseline algorithms under a wide range of system conditions including a nonhomogeneous task arrival rate. The results show that the algorithms outperform all the baseline algorithms except for the ideal but impractical centralized baseline and in many cases perform close to the ideal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Osteoblast-like cells from human subchondral osteoarthritic bone demonstrate an altered phenotype in vitro: Possible role in subchondral bone sclerosis (1998)

Ex vivo and in vitro results indicate similar altered activities of OA osteoblasts as compared with normal cells. This suggests that an altered phenotype of subchondral osteoblasts may be a contributing factor in human OA.