gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable Strontium Absorption as a Measure of Intestinal Calcium Absorption: Comparison with the Double-Radiotracer Calcium Absorption Test (1994)

1. Stable strontium (Sr) has been proposed as an alternative to calcium (Ca) isotopes for the measurement of intestinal Ca absorption. The aim of this study was to compare the time course and fractional absorption of Ca and Sr, when both are measured using dual-tracer techniques. 2. 45Ca and Sr absorption tests were carried out on consecutive days in patients with osteoporosis (n = 10) or chronic renal failure (n = 7). Both tests were repeated in four patients with chronic renal failure after treatment with calcitriol (1 microgram daily for 10 days). 3. The time course of Ca absorption was determined using the 85Sr (intravenous)/45Ca (oral) dual-tracer technique, and the time course of Sr absorption using 85Sr (intravenous)/stable Sr (oral). Oral tracers were administered on consecutive days with a test meal containing 5.3 mmol of Ca and 2.5 mmol of either stable Sr or Ca carrier. The fractional absorption of 45Ca and Sr at 6h (FA360) and the absorption rate as a function of time were calculated by deconvolution. 4. The mean FA360 for Sr (20.2%) was lower than the mean FA360 for 45Ca (37.8%, P < 0.001, paired t-test), but the time course of Sr absorption was similar to that of Ca. There was a significant correlation between the FA360 for 45Ca and Sr, although the relationship was improved by including a quadratic term (R2 = 0.89, P < 0.001, significance of quadratic term, P < 0.05). After 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D treatment, the FA360 of stable Sr increased 4.29-fold, whereas the FA360 of 45Ca increased only 2.4-fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Retrospective Review of Megestrol Use for Weight Loss in an Elderly Veteran Population (2005)

Patients both gained and lost weight when receiving megestrol therapy. There was no difference between the patients who did or did not gain weight using objective measures of weight loss.
Does a retrovirally encoded superantigen cause multiple sclerosis? (1991)

Does a retrovirally encoded
Rearrangements of NTRK1 oncogene in papillary thyroid carcinoma. (2007)

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents an example of tumour with high incidence of oncogenic sequences, such as RET/PTC and Trk. Both of them arise from the fusion of 3' terminal sequences of TK domain of RET or NTRK1 gene, respectively, with 5' terminal sequences of their activating genes. In case of NTRK1 oncogene, several rearrangement types are observed, characteristic for PTC: Trk (TMP3), Trk-T1, Trk-T2, Trk-T3 and Trk-2h, observed in human breast cancer cell line. Studies from different geographical regions, revealed significant population differences in the incidence of Trk rearrangements (0-50%), while within the same population, the frequency of Trk in spontaneous and radiation-associated PTCs is similar. The results of studies, focused on the correlation between tumour genotype and the histopathological type of tumour, involving cases of both RET/PTC and Trk rearrangements in PTC, are not unequivocal. In many studies, no correlation was observed between the presence of RET and/or NTRK1 rearrangement and such parameters, as patient's age at diagnosis, gender, histopathological type of tumour or clinical stage (TNM stage grouping), although the earliest clinical symptoms and the worst disease outcomes were observed for RET/NTRK1 rearrangement positive tumours. Differences in the rearrangement incidence between male and female patients were associated with the latency period of radiation-associated tumours, being significantly lower in women. In general, it is assumed that oncogenic Trk sequences are typical for the spontaneous type of PTC.
Physically secure and fully reconfigurable data storage using optical scattering (2015)

This paper presents an optical method of storing random cryptographic keys within a reconfigurable volume of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC). We suggest a PDLC-based device that functions as an integrated optical physical unclonable function (PUF). Our device can selectively access a dense set (up to 10 Gb/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> in theory) of non-electronically saved random bits. Furthermore, this optical PUF can fully erase and transform these bits into a new random configuration in less than one second, via a simple electrical signal. When a short voltage spike is applied across the PDLC film interface, its optical scattering potential completely decorrelates. We confirm this phenomenon with detailed experiments on a proof-of-concept device, thereby suggesting the security use of a new class of optical materials as (i) securely and efficiently reconfigurable PUFs, and (ii) an erasable storage medium for random cryptographic keys. Our work can eventually help address the challenge of quickly and completely erasing sensitive digital electronic memory and/or key material. It also establishes a new and hopefully fruitful connection between security questions and the material sciences.
Sequence analysis of photoaffinity‐labelled peptides derived by proteolysis of photosystem‐2 reaction centres from thylakoid membranes treated with [14C]azidoatrazine (1992)

Photosystem-2 reaction centres were prepared from pea thylakoid membranes that had been photoaffinity labelled with [14C]-azidoatrazine (2-azido-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine), a derivative of the herbicide atrazine which binds to the secondary plastoquinone electron-acceptor site of photosystem 2. SDS/PAGE of the 14C-labelled reaction centres followed by fluorography revealed photoaffinity-labelled proteins of apparent molecular masses 30 kDa and 55 kDa, which corresponded to the D1 polypeptide and to an SDS-stable heterodimer of the D1 and D2 polypeptides, respectively. To obtain sequence information on the site of photoaffinity labelling, an 8-kDa photoaffinity-labelled peptide, generated by proteolysis of the reaction-centre material with trypsin, was isolated and purified to apparent homogeneity using reverse-phase and size-exclusion HPLC techniques. The amino terminus of the photoaffinity-labelled peptide was determined to be Leu-Gly-Met-Arg-Pro-Xaa-Ile-Ala-Val-Ala-Tyr by Edman sequencing. This corresponds to the amino terminus of a predicted tryptic peptide of D1 and confirms that azidoatrazine photolabels the D1 polypeptide of photosystem 2 in the region Leu137-Arg225. Chymotrypsin/trypsin digestion of photoaffinity-labelled reaction centres followed by reverse-phase HPLC was used to isolate a smaller photoaffinity-labelled peptide. On Edman sequencing, Ser-Ala were identified as the first two residues and 14C was released on the third cycle, after which further degradation was blocked. The two potential peptide fragments with Ser-Ala at the amino terminus in the region Leu137-Arg225 are Ser148-Ala-Pro and Ser212-Ala-Met. Proline is an unlikely target for reaction with the nitrene of the photoactivated azidoatrazine, and the data are thus consistent with Met214 as the site of photoaffinity labelling on D1 when thylakoid membranes are illuminated with ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of [14C]azidoatrazine.
DNA-Templated Self-Assembly of Metallic Nanocomponent Arrays on a Surface (2004)

A method for laying out arrays of components in programmable 2D arrangements with nanometer-scale precision is needed for the manufacture of high density nanoelectronic circuitry. We report programmed self-assembly of gold prototype nanoelectronic components into closely packed rows with precisely defined inter-row spacings by in situ hybridization of DNA-functionalized components to a preassembled 2D DNA scaffolding on a surface. This approach is broadly applicable to the manufacture of nanoscale integrated circuits for logic, memory, sensing, and other applications.
Room-Temperature Bonding Using Fluorine Containing Plasma Activation and Its Bonding Mechanism (2010)

Room-temperature Si/Si wafer direct bonding has been achieved successfully without wet chemistry treatment as well as no requiring annealing. Very strong bonding strength of Si/Si pairs, close to the bulk-fracture strength of silicon, is demonstrated at room temperature thanks to adding small amount of carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) into oxygen plasma treatment. Moreover, we focus on several crucial issues, such as effects of plasma treatment parameters on bonding strength, characterizations of bonding surface and interface. For this fluorine containing plasma activated bonding, fewer water molecules at bonding interface may prone to produce many covalent bonds via polymerization reaction and result in strong bonding at room temperature.
Randomised clinical trial: faecal microbiota transplantation by colonoscopy vs. vancomycin for the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (2015)

Faecal microbiota transplantation using colonoscopy to infuse faeces was significantly more effective than vancomycin regimen for the treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection. The delivery of donor faeces via colonoscopy has the potential to optimise the treatment strategy in patients with pseudomembranous colitis.
Lewis acid catalyzed (2.SIGMA.+2.SIGMA.) cycloreversion reaction of strained cage ketones to triquinane skeletons: Kinetic evidence for a large acceleration of the reaction owing to stereoelectronic reqeirement. (1984)

Cookson's pentacyclic cage diketones substituted with an electron-donating group (1b-e) underwent a remarkably fast [2σ+2σ] cycloreversion reaction under various Lewis acid catalyzed conditions. The high reactivity of these cage ketones is discussed in terms of push-pull type interactions on the basis of large substituent effects and kinetic measurements.
Reverse Genetics of Influenza Viruses â Applications in Research and Vaccine Design (2008)

Because of its high impact on both animal and human health, avian influenza has become a matter of increasing public concern and growing scientific interest within the last decade. This volume gives an overview of the most important results of these research efforts and provides information about the ecology and epidemiology of avian influenza with particular emphasis on recent H5N1 outbreaks in China, Siberia and Europe. Several articles deal with new vaccination strategies, the use of antivirals and other control measures to combat outbreaks of avian influenza. Further chapters illustrate that molecular biology, culminating in the generation of influenza viruses by recombinant DNA technology, was instrumental in unravelling the roles of the viral hemagglutinin and polymerase as well as cellular signalling pathways and innate immunity in pathogenesis and interspecies transmission. Finally, the threat of a pandemic originating from avian influenza viruses is illustrated by the example of the Spanish influenza of 1918. This comprehensive publication on avian influenza viruses and their relevance for human influenza will be of great value to all influenza virologists, molecular biologists, public health scientists, veterinary virologists, ecologists, and scientists engaged in drug design and vaccine development.
Operative Repair for Aortic Aneurysms: The Gold Standard (1997)

Surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is being challenged by newer, minimally invasive therapies. Such new treatment strategies will need to prove themselves against concurrent results of standard operative AAA repair, within defined medical risk and aneurysm morphological categories. We review the natural history of AAAs, the medical risk levels for elective AAA repair, aneurysm morphology and its impact on operative mortality, the issue of high-risk patient treatment, and the current standard of care for AAAs based on single-center, multicenter, and population-based statistics. In good-risk patients, aneurysms > 5 cm in diameter are best treated by replacement with a prosthetic graft. Operative mortality should be < 5% 1-year survival > 90%. Aortic endograft techniques must meet or exceed these standards if they are to supplant standard surgical repair.
Expression of the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, on human intestinal epithelial cells (1997)

Maternal IgG is transferred to the suckling mouse and rat through a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related Fc receptor (FcRn) on the brush border of the proximal small intestine. We have previously described a site on the epithelial surface of the human fetal intestine with IgG binding characteristics similar to FcRn. We report here the identification by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of the human orthologue of rat and mouse FcRn in tissue obtained from human fetal and adult intestine. FcRn protein was detected in adult human intestine by western blot. Immunohistochemical studies of sections of human intestine show that the FcRn is localized mostly to the epithelial cells, where it is in the apical region. These data suggest that the binding of IgG previously seen in the fetal intestine is due to the presence of FcRn. Potential roles for this MHC class I-like Fc receptor in the human intestine include the transfer of passive immunity, induction of oral tolerance, and immunosurveillance.
Factors Associated with Slow Disease Progression in Macaques Immunized with an Adenovirus-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Envelope Priming-gp120 Boosting Regimen and Challenged Vaginally with SIVmac251 (1999)

Rhesus macaques were immunized with a combination vaccine regimen consisting of adenovirus type 5 host range mutant-simian immunodeficiency virus envelope (Ad5hr-SIVenv) recombinant priming and boosting with native SIV gp120. Upon intravaginal challenge with SIVmac251, both persistently and transiently viremic animals were observed (S. L. Buge, E. Richardson, S. Alipanah, P. Markham, S. Cheng, N. Kalyan, C. J. Miller, M. Lubeck, S. Udem, J. Eldridge, and M. Robert-Guroff, J. Virol. 71:8531-8541, 1997). Long-term follow-up of the persistently viremic immunized macaques, which displayed significantly reduced viral burdens during the first 18 weeks postchallenge compared to controls, has now shown that one of four became a slow progressor, clearing virus from plasma and remaining asymptomatic with stable CD4 counts for 134 weeks postchallenge. Reboosting of the transiently viremic macaques did not reactivate latent virus. Rechallenge with two sequential SIVmac251 intravaginal exposures again resulted in partial protection of one of two immunized macaques, manifested by viral clearance and stable CD4 counts. No single immune parameter was associated with partial protection. Development of a strong antibody response capable of neutralizing a primary SIVmac251 isolate together with SIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes were implicated, while CD8(+) T-cell antiviral activity and mucosal immune responses were not associated with delayed disease progression. Our data show that even a third immunization with the same Ad5hr-SIVenv recombinant can elicit significant immune responses to the inserted gene product, suggesting that preexisting Ad antibodies may not preclude effective immunization. Further, the partial protection against a virulent, pathogenic SIV challenge observed in two of six macaques immunized with a vaccine regimen based solely on the viral envelope indicates that this vectored-vaccine approach has promise and that multicomponent vaccines based in the same system merit further investigation.
The evolution of Army wearable computers (2002)

In 1989, the US Army envisioned a small wearable computer to assist soldiers with battlefield tasks. The concept has since grown from preliminary prototypes and a demonstration Soldier's Computer into the current Land Warrior program and proposals for future systems.
Electron Trapping in Porphyrin-Sensitized Porous Nanocrystalline TiO2 Electrodes (1996)

Electron trapping in electrochemical solar cells based on porous nanocrystalline TiO2 electrodes has been investigated. As light-absorbing dye, zinc 5,10,15,20-tetracarboxyphenylporphyrin is used. The spectral photocurrent response under front- and back-side irradiation reveals the existence of an active region, located near the transparent conducting substrate, where charge separation takes place. Due to electron trapping, this region increases when an additional white light bias is applied. In an indifferent electrolyte, the shape of the photocurrent action spectra depends on the applied potential. The contribution of the weaker absorbing Q bands is enhanced when negative potentials are applied. In this case the electron traps in the porous TiO2 film are filled. Their location in the bandgap is 0.5−0.6 eV below the conduction band edge. Consequently, electron trap filling enlarges the active region where charge separation takes place, which leads to an enhanced collection efficiency.
Automatic camera and range sensor calibration using a single shot (2012)

As a core robotic and vision problem, camera and range sensor calibration have been researched intensely over the last decades. However, robotic research efforts still often get heavily delayed by the requirement of setting up a calibrated system consisting of multiple cameras and range measurement units. With regard to removing this burden, we present a toolbox with web interface for fully automatic camera-to-camera and camera-to-range calibration. Our system is easy to setup and recovers intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters as well as the transformation between cameras and range sensors within one minute. In contrast to existing calibration approaches, which often require user intervention, the proposed method is robust to varying imaging conditions, fully automatic, and easy to use since a single image and range scan proves sufficient for most calibration scenarios. Experimentally, we demonstrate that the proposed checkerboard corner detector significantly outperforms current state-of-the-art. Furthermore, the proposed camera-to-range registration method is able to discover multiple solutions in the case of ambiguities. Experiments using a variety of sensors such as grayscale and color cameras, the Kinect 3D sensor and the Velodyne HDL-64 laser scanner show the robustness of our method in different indoor and outdoor settings and under various lighting conditions.
Naturally p-Hydroxybenzoylated Lignins in Palms (2015)

The industrial production of palm oil concurrently generates a substantial amount of empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers that could be used as a feedstock in a lignocellulose-based biorefinery. Lignin byproducts generated by this process may offer opportunities for the isolation of value-added products, such as p-hydroxybenzoate (pBz), to help offset operating costs. Analysis of the EFB lignin by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy clearly revealed the presence of bound acetate and pBz, with saponification revealing that 1.1 wt% of the EFB was pBz; with a lignin content of 22.7 %, 4.8 % of the lignin is pBz that can be obtained as a pure component for use as a chemical feedstock. Analysis of EFB lignin by NMR and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) showed that pBz selectively acylates the γ-hydroxyl group of S units. This selectivity suggests that pBz, analogously with acetate in kenaf, p-coumarate in grasses, and ferulate in a transgenic poplar augmented with a feruloyl-CoA monolignol transferase (FMT), is incorporated into the growing lignin chain via its γ-p-hydroxybenzoylated monolignol conjugate. Involvement of such conjugates in palm lignification is proven by the observation of novel p-hydroxybenzoylated non-resinol β–β-coupled units in the lignins. Together, the data implicate the existence of p-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA:monolignol transferases that are involved in lignification in the various willows (Salix spp.), poplars and aspen (Populus spp., family Salicaceae), and palms (family Arecaceae) that have p-hydroxybenzoylated lignins. Even without enhancing the levels by breeding or genetic engineering, current palm oil EFB ‘wastes’ should be able to generate a sizeable stream of p-hydroxybenzoic acid that offers opportunities for the development of value-added products derived from the oil palm industry.
Phase II clinical and correlative study of carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (CRd) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. (2012)

e18568 Background: Carfilzomib (Cz) is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor with potent anti-MM effects and decreased peripheral neuropathy rates compared to bortezomib. In this two-stage phase II trial of 45 planned patients, we treat newly diagnosed MM patients with Cz, lenalidomide(Ln), and dexamethasone (Dx). Methods: Eight 28-day cycles of induction comprises of Cz IV 20/36 mg/m 2 on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16; Ln oral 25 mg days 1-21; and Dx IV/oral 20/10 mg on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 16, 22, 23. Transplant eligible patients undergo stem cell collection after 4 cycles of CRd and continue with induction. After 8 cycles of induction, patients with SD or better receive 12 cycles of Ln maintenance 10 mg days 1-21. Primary endpoint is ≥ grade 3 neuropathy. Bone marrow samples are collected at baseline, C1D2 (single agent Cz exposed), CR/end of cycle 8 (cycles 1-8), and CR/end of cycle 21 (cycles 9-21). Patients are evaluated for clinical biomarkers and MRD studies (flow cytometry, PCR, and FDG PET-CT) at regular time points. Results: Approximate enrollment rate is 1-2 patients/month. Six patients meeting eligibility criteria have been enrolled (2 male, 4 female; median age 58; age 42-74). Thus far, 5/6 patients are evaluable for toxicity and response (1-5 cycles, 2-4 cycles, 1-2 cycles, and 1-1 cycle). No patients have reported ≥ grade 3 neuropathy. Non-hematologic toxicity (≥ grade3) includes: 1 - LFT elevation and 1 - anxiety. One patient had ≥ grade3 hematologic toxicity with lymphopenia. After median 3 cycles of CRd, 3 patients achieved VGPR, 1 patient achieved PR, and 1 remained at SD. Mean decline in serum markers (M-protein or FLCs) was 87% (60-100%) among responders. One patient had 98% decline in FLCs after 1 cycle and a decrease in abnormal plasma cell burden to ≤ 2% by flow cytometry after 3 cycles. Updated results on additional patients and molecular/MRD studies (flow cytometry, PCR, and FDG PET-CT) will be presented at meeting. Conclusions: Combination therapy with CRd is a tolerable and effective regimen against upfront MM, evoking rapid and deep disease control.
Dioxygen Reactivity and Heme Redox Potential of Truncated Human Cystathionine β-Synthase (2008)

Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) catalyzes the condensation of serine and homocysteine to cystathionine, which represents the committing step in the transsulfuration pathway. CBS is unique in being a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that has a heme cofactor. The activity of CBS under in vitro conditions is responsive to the redox state of the heme, which is distant from the active site and has been postulated to play a regulatory role. The heme in CBS is unusual; it is six-coordinate, low spin, and contains cysteine and histidine as axial ligands. In this study, we have assessed the redox behavior of a human CBS dimeric variant lacking the C-terminal regulatory domain. Potentiometric redox titrations showed a reversible response with a reduction potential of -291 +/- 5 mV versus the normal hydrogen electrode, at pH 7.2. Stopped-flow kinetic determinations demonstrated that Fe(II)CBS reacted with dioxygen yielding Fe(III)CBS without detectable formation of an intermediate species. A linear dependence of the apparent rate constant of Fe(II)CBS decay on dioxygen concentration was observed and yielded a second-order rate constant of (1.11 +/- 0.07) x 10 (5) M (-1) s (-1) at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C for the direct reaction of Fe(II)CBS with dioxygen. A similar reactivity was observed for full-length CBS. Heme oxidation led to superoxide radical generation, which was detected by the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable oxidation of epinephrine. Our results show that CBS may represent a previously unrecognized source of cytosolic superoxide radical.