gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response of Surfactant Stabilized Oil-in-Water Emulsions to the Addition of Particles in an Aqueous Suspension (2014)

As a model for understanding how surfactant-stabilized emulsions respond to the addition of interacting and noninteracting particles, we investigated the response of dodecane-in-water emulsions stabilized by SDS (anionic), CTAB (cationic), and Triton X-100 (nonionic) surfactants to the addition of an aqueous suspension of negatively charged fumed silica particles. The stability of the emulsion droplets and the concentration of surfactants/particles at the oil-water interfaces are sensitive to surfactant-particle interactions, mixing conditions, and the particle concentration in the bulk. Addition of the particle suspension to the SDS-stabilized emulsions showed no effect on emulsion stability. Coarsening of emulsion droplets is observed when fumed silica particles were added to emulsions stabilized by Triton X-100. Depending on the concentration of silica particles in the suspension, the addition of fumed silica particles to CTAB-stabilized emulsions resulted in droplet coalescence and phase separation of oil and water or formation of particle-coated droplets. Vigorous (vortex) mixing allows the particles to breach the oil-water interfaces and stabilize emulsions. While we have examined a specific particle suspension and a set of three surfactants, these observations can be generalized for other surfactant-particle mixtures.
Updated antitumor activity and safety of FPA144, an ADCC-enhanced, FGFR2b isoform-specific monoclonal antibody, in patients with FGFR2b+ gastric cancer. (2017)

4067 Background: FGFR2b-overexpressing gastric cancer is characterized by poor prognosis. FPA144, a humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody that specifically binds to and blocks FGFR2b, has been engineered for enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). FPA144-001 is a two-part Phase 1 study of FPA144 monotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors, including gastric and gastroesophageal cancers (GEJ cancers). Methods: Part 1A was a 3+3 design to assess safety and PK and to establish a recommended dose (RD) of FPA144. Patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in Part 1B to assess PK in gastric cancer. Part 2 includes 4 cohorts of gastric cancer patients with either high, moderate, low or no FGFR2b overexpression based on a centralized immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. Here, we describe results of gastric cancer patients that highly overexpress FGFR2b (FGFR2b+ High) enrolled in Parts 1 and 2 of the study. Results: As of October 28, 2016, 18 FGFR2b+ High (IHC 3+ ≥10% tumor membrane staining) patients were enrolled in the study. 12 of these patients received the RD of 15 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Enrolled patients received a median of 3 prior treatment regimens. Fatigue (22.2%, none ≥ gr 3) and infusion reaction (16.7%, 5.6% gr 3) were the most common treatment-related AEs. Treatment-related SAEs were reported in 2 patients: Grade 2 ulcerative keratitis and Grade 3 infusion reaction. There were 5 PRs, 4 confirmed and 1 unconfirmed. Disease control (PR+SD) was 55.6%, including a confirmed ORR of 22% with median DOR of 15.4 weeks. ctDNA analysis of a responding patient revealed baseline elevated FGFR2 gene copy (165 copies in the blood, mutation allele burden 66%) that decreased after monotherapy (nadir 75 copies, mutation allele burden 38.5%) corresponding with clinical response, serum tumor markers and near complete response on PET imaging. Conclusions: The demonstration of activity and an acceptable safety profile supports further development of FPA144 in patients with FGFR2b+ tumors. FGFR2 gene amplification detected in ctDNA may provide a non-invasive diagnostic test for patient selection. Updated data will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT02318329.
Cetuximab and irinotecan as third-line therapy in advanced colorectal cancer patients: a single centre phase II trial (2006)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which participates in signalling pathways that are deregulated in cancer cells, is frequently mutated in colorectal-cancer cells. Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically blocks the EGFR. We evaluated the efficacy of cetuximab in weekly combination with irinotecan in metastatic colorectal cancer patients refractory to previous treatments based on oxaliplatin or irinotecan. We included 55 heavily pretreated patients (colon/rectum: 34/11, M/F: 16/29, median age 63 years, range: 27-79) whose disease had progressed during or within an oxaliplatin-based first-line chemotherapy and a irinotecan-based second-line regimen. Patients were followed for tumour response and were also evaluated for the time to tumour progression, and safety of treatment. Cetuximab was given at an initial dose of 400 mg m(-2), followed by weekly infusions of 250 mg m(-2). Irinotecan was administered weekly at the dose of 90 mg m(-2). All patients were assessable for treatment efficacy and safety response rate was 25.4% (95% CI: 21.7-39.6%); 38.2% (95 CI: 18.6-39.8%) of patients showed a disease stability as the best response. As a consequence, the overall tumour control rate was 63.6% (95% CI: 46.4-70.6%). The median time to progression was 4.7 months (95% CI: 2.5-7.1 months) and the median survival time was 9.8 months (95% CI: 3.9-10.1 months). The most common G3-4 noncutaneous side toxicities were: diarrhoea (16.4%), fatigue (12.7%) and stomatitis (7.3%). 89.1% of patients developed skin toxicity and 32.6% of cases was of grade 3-4. No allergic reactions were identified at any courses in any patients. Fever was documented in 27.3% of patients and was most commonly recorded after the first administration. Cetuximab has clinically significant activity even in heavily pretreated colorectal cancer patients progressed after both oxaliplatin and irinotecan-based chemotherapy regimens.
Improved Viewing Zones for Projection Type Integral Imaging 3D Display Using Adaptive Liquid Crystal Prism Array (2014)

In this paper, we present a novel projection-type 3-D integral imaging display with an adaptive liquid crystal (LC) prism array. Comparing with conventional integral imaging display, the proposed system demonstrated that the viewing zones for a projection type integral imaging display was successfully extended by time-multiplexed technique and without any mechanical movement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on combining an adaptive LC prism array with the projection-type integral imaging 3-D display. The proposed display is attractive for future wide viewing zone projection-type integral imaging 3-D displays.
Effect of changes in circulating amylase levels on amylase output in bile (1982)

The relation between plasma and biliary amylase activity and their relationship to the functional state of the pancreas were studied in anesthetized rabbits. Repetitive intravenous injections of cholecystokinin resulted in a 25-fold rise in the secretion of amylase via the pancreatic duct, followed at first by a 50% increase in plasma amylase concentration and later by a 270% increase in biliary amylase concentration. There was then a gradual, roughly synchronous decline in both plasma and biliary values toward basal level despite a continued highly augmented rate of pancreatic ductal secretion. "Near-total" pancreatectomy completely abolished the effect. These observations are consistent with a cholecystokinin-induced basolateral secretion of amylase from pancreas into blood and its subsequent movement from blood into bile down a concentration gradient. The output of amylase in bile, however, was quite small and does not suggest that biliary transport of amylase has an important function either as a means of secreting and recycling digestive enzyme into the gut or as a major excretory pathway for circulating amylase in the rabbit.
Differentiation of the human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and enhancement of cell attachment by fibronectin (2004)

The ability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to differentiate into osteoblasts was examined through the use of osteogenic induction medium (MSCOIM) cultures. hMSC first attached to the dish surface and exhibited fibroblast-like spindle shapes, and after proliferation, formed cuboidal shapes. Calcium assays and the use of von Kossa and alizarin red S staining showed that hMSC were capable of mineralization when cultured in MSCOIM. Gene expressions of Cbfa-1 and BMP-4, which are markers for osteogenic differentiation, were also increased during the hMSC differentiation into osteoblasts. When compared to albumin (Alb)-coated dishes, microscopic observation documented enhanced cell attachment and spreading when hMSC were cultured on fibronectin (FN)-coated dishes. Adherent cell numbers also exhibited a greater increase on the FN-coated dishes during earlier culture stages than that seen for the Alb-coated dishes. These findings suggest that hMSC have the capability to differentiate into osteoblasts and that FN can stimulate the attachment and spreading of the hMSC.
Computing the antipenumbra of an area light source (1992)

We define the antiumbra and the antipenumbra of a convex area light source shining through a sequence of convex area] holes in three dimensions.The antiumbra is the volume from which all points on the light source can be seen.The antipenumbra is the volume from which some, but not all, of the light source can be seen.We show that the antipenumbra is, in general, a disconnected set bounded by portions of quadric surfaces, and describe an implemented 0(n2) time algorithm that computes this boundary, where n is the total number of edges comprising the light source and holes.The antipenumbra computation is motivated by a visibility scheme in which we wish to determine the volume visible to an observer looking through a sequence of transparent convex holes, or portals, connecting adjacent cells in a spatial subdivision.Knowledge of the antipenumbra should also prove useful for rendering shadowed objects.Finally, we have extended the algorithm to compute the planar and quadratic surfaces along which the rate of areal variation in the visible portion of the light source changes discontinuously due to occlusion.These surfaces are relevant in polygon meshing schemes for global illumination and shadow computations.
Galactose and Lactose Genes from the Galactose-Positive Bacterium Streptococcus salivarius and the Phylogenetically Related Galactose-Negative Bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus : Organization, Sequence, Transcription, and Activity of the gal Gene Products (2002)

Streptococcus salivarius is a lactose- and galactose-positive bacterium that is phylogenetically closely related to Streptococcus thermophilus, a bacterium that metabolizes lactose but not galactose. In this paper, we report a comparative characterization of the S. salivarius and S. thermophilus gal-lac gene clusters. The clusters have the same organization with the order galR (codes for a transcriptional regulator and is transcribed in the opposite direction), galK (galactokinase), galT (galactose-1-P uridylyltransferase), galE (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase), galM (galactose mutarotase), lacS (lactose transporter), and lacZ (beta-galactosidase). An analysis of the nucleotide sequence as well as Northern blotting and primer extension experiments revealed the presence of four promoters located upstream from galR, the gal operon, galM, and the lac operon of S. salivarius. Putative promoters with virtually identical nucleotide sequences were found at the same positions in the S. thermophilus gal-lac gene cluster. An additional putative internal promoter at the 3' end of galT was found in S. thermophilus but not in S. salivarius. The results clearly indicated that the gal-lac gene cluster was efficiently transcribed in both species. The Shine-Dalgarno sequences of galT and galE were identical in both species, whereas the ribosome binding site of S. thermophilus galK differed from that of S. salivarius by two nucleotides, suggesting that the S. thermophilus galK gene might be poorly translated. This was confirmed by measurements of enzyme activities.
Subband Coding Of Video For Packet Networks (1988)

Video coding has been investigated for the novel application of video transmission over packet-switched networks. The underlying design goals are presented, together with a software implementation of a coding scheme based on the technique of subband coding. The coding scheme, which divides the input signal into frequency bands in all three dimensions, seems promising in that it lends itself to parallel implementation, is robust enough to handle errors due to lost packets, and yields high compression with sustained good quality. Moreover, it may be well integrated with the network to handle issues such as congestion control and error handling. A discussion of these issues is given, together with the results obtained from the simulated system.
Successful Culture and Selection of Cytokine Gene-Modified Human Dermal Fibroblasts for the Biologic Therapy of Patients with Cancer (1996)

Human autologous dermal fibroblasts have been cultured, transduced with the interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene and used as a vaccine together with irradiated autologous tumor cells in patients with cancer participating in a phase I/II clinical trial at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute. In support of this clinical trial, methods have been devised to facilitate isolation of fibroblasts from freshly harvested skin specimens, to enhance their outgrowth in large-scale cultures, and to assay cytokine (IL-4) production following transduction with the cytokine gene +/- irradiation. Fibroblasts were isolated from skin specimens by enzymatic digestion, grown in primary cultures, and transduced with a retroviral vector containing the gene for human IL-4 and the NeoR gene as a selectable marker. Following selection in G418, the irradiated, IL-4-producing fibroblasts were administered to patients in a vaccine containing irradiated autologous tumor cells. Seventy-eight specimens of human skin were processed to obtain fibroblast suspensions. Cultures of fibroblasts were established from 68 of the 78 specimens (87%). Of 33 transduced and selected fibroblast cultures, 21 produced at least 1,000 units of IL-4/24 hours per 10(6) cells, as determined by ELISA, and 17/33 or 51% were used for therapy. The primary cultures were typically maintained for up to seven or eight passages. The mean +/- SD overall time for obtaining a required number of transduced, selected cells was 53 +/- 4 days. The fibroblasts continued to produce IL-4 in culture for 3 weeks even after irradiation. Similar results have been obtained with a retroviral vector encoding IL-12. This study shows that human dermal fibroblasts can be consistently and reproducibly expanded and genetically modified to serve as a source of cytokines or other gene products for gene therapy trials.
Early Phase Tumor Accumulation of Macromolecules: A Great Difference in Clearance Rate between Tumor and Normal Tissues (1998)

The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular weight (MW) and time-dependence of the phenomenon termed "the enhanced permeability and retention" (EPR) effect in solid tumor, in particular to determine and define the early phase accumulation of macromolecules in tumor and normal tissues and the relationship between blood concentration and tissue clearance. As a model, radioiodinated N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers of MW ranging from 4.5 K to 800 K were administered i.v. to mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumor. Within 10 min all HPMA copolymers accumulated effectively in the tumor regardless of MW (1.0-1.5% of injected dose per g of tumor). However, higher MW copolymers (> 50 K) showed significantly increased tumor accumulation after 6 h, while the lower MW copolymers (< 40 K) were cleared rapidly from tumor tissue due to rapid diffusion back into the bloodstream. Blood clearance was also MW-dependent; the lower MW copolymers displayed rapid clearance, with kidney radioactivity of the copolymers of MW < 20 K representing 24% of injected dose per g kidney at 1 min after i.v. administration. Within 10 min these copolymers passed through the kidney and were excreted in the urine. Higher MW copolymers consistently showed kidney levels of 3-5% dose per g kidney in the early phase with no time-dependent accumulation in kidney. There was also no progressive accumulation in muscle or liver, regardless of polymer MW. These results suggest the "EPR effect" in solid tumor primarily arises from in the difference in clearance rate between the solid tumor and the normal tissues after initial penetration of the polymers into these tissues.
Transforming growth factor alpha: mutation of aspartic acid 47 and leucine 48 results in different biological activities. (1988)

To study the relationship between the primary structure of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and some of its functional properties (competition with epidermal growth factor (EGF) for binding to the EGF receptor and induction of anchorage-independent growth), we introduced single amino acid mutations into the sequence for the fully processed, 50-amino-acid human TGF-alpha. The wild-type and mutant proteins were expressed in a vector by using a yeast alpha mating pheromone promoter. Mutations of two amino acids that are conserved in the family of the EGF-like peptides and are located in the carboxy-terminal part of TGF-alpha resulted in different biological effects. When aspartic acid 47 was mutated to alanine or asparagine, biological activity was retained; in contrast, substitutions of this residue with serine or glutamic acid generated mutants with reduced binding and colony-forming capacities. When leucine 48 was mutated to alanine, a complete loss of binding and colony-forming abilities resulted; mutation of leucine 48 to isoleucine or methionine resulted in very low activities. Our data suggest that these two adjacent conserved amino acids in positions 47 and 48 play different roles in defining the structure and/or biological activity of TGF-alpha and that the carboxy terminus of TGF-alpha is involved in interactions with cellular TGF-alpha receptors. The side chain of leucine 48 appears to be crucial either indirectly in determining the biologically active conformation of TGF-alpha or directly in the molecular recognition of TGF-alpha by its receptor.
Improving microbial fitness in the mammalian gut by in vivo temporal functional metagenomics (2015)

Elucidating functions of commensal microbial genes in the mammalian gut is challenging because many commensals are recalcitrant to laboratory cultivation and genetic manipulation. We present Temporal FUnctional Metagenomics sequencing (TFUMseq), a platform to functionally mine bacterial genomes for genes that contribute to fitness of commensal bacteria in vivo. Our approach uses metagenomic DNA to construct large-scale heterologous expression libraries that are tracked over time in vivo by deep sequencing and computational methods. To demonstrate our approach, we built a TFUMseq plasmid library using the gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) and introduced Escherichia coli carrying this library into germfree mice. Population dynamics of library clones revealed Bt genes conferring significant fitness advantages in E. coli over time, including carbohydrate utilization genes, with a Bt galactokinase central to early colonization, and subsequent dominance by a Bt glycoside hydrolase enabling sucrose metabolism coupled with co-evolution of the plasmid library and E. coli genome driving increased galactose utilization. Our findings highlight the utility of functional metagenomics for engineering commensal bacteria with improved properties, including expanded colonization capabilities in vivo.
Supercritical carbon dioxide injection in supersonic beam mass spectrometry (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupercritical carbon dioxide injection in supersonic beam mass spectrometryChung Hang. Sin, Ho Ming. Pang, David M. Lubman, and Jens. ZornCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 2, 487–490Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00293a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00293a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel multiple frequency stimulation method for steady state VEP based brain computer interfaces (2005)

The objective is to increase the number of selections in brain computer interfaces (BCI) by recording and analyzing the steady state visual evoked potential response to dual stimulation. A BCI translates the VEP signals into user commands. The frequency band from which stimulation frequency can be selected is limited for SSVEP. This paper discusses a method to increase the number of commands by using a suitable combination of frequencies for stimulation. A biopotential amplifier based on the driven right leg circuit (DRL) is used to record 60 s epochs of the SSVEP (O(z)-A(1)) on 15 subjects using simultaneous overlapped stimulation (6, 7, 12, 13 and 14 Hzs and corresponding half frequencies). The power spectrum of each recording is obtained by frequency domain averaging of 400 ms SSVEPs and the spectral peaks were normalized. The spectral peaks of the combination frequencies of stimulation are predominant compared to individual stimulating frequencies. This method increases the number of selections by using a limited number of stimulating frequencies in BCI. For example, six selections are possible by generating only three frequencies.
OpenSlice: an OpenFlow-based control plane for spectrum sliced elastic optical path networks (2013)

A control plane is a key enabling technique for dynamic and intelligent end-to-end path provisioning in optical networks. In this paper, we present an OpenFlow-based control plane for spectrum sliced elastic optical path networks, called OpenSlice, for dynamic end-to-end path provisioning and IP traffic offloading. Experimental demonstration and numerical evaluation show its overall feasibility and efficiency.
1. The conversion of sucrose into furan compounds. Part II. Some 2 : 5-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans and their products of ring scission (1945)

W. N. Haworth, W. G. M. Jones and L. F. Wiggins, J. Chem. Soc., 1945, 1 DOI: 10.1039/JR9450000001
Microparticles for Diagnosis of Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Stem Transplantation (2011)

Increased plasma levels of EryMP are present in patients who develop aGvHD but not in patients who develop infection or sepsis after HSCT. Therefore, EryMP are a potential, novel, blood marker that may be helpful in the diagnosis of this common complication after HSCT.