gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mouse Interferon Receptors: A Difference in Their Response to and beta Interferons (1983)

The interferon receptors of C3H/10T1/2 mouse cells respond differently to alpha and beta interferons under certain conditions. If C3H/10T1/2 cells which have been maintained in logarithmic growth phase are exposed to trypsin or Pronase immediately before they are treated with mouse interferons, they evince an antiviral response to alpha interferon but not to beta interferon. In contrast, contact-inhibited C3H/10T1/2 cells, L-929 mouse cells or human HEL cells lost the ability to respond to both alpha and beta interferons after treatment with trypsin or Pronase. When L-929 cells are incubated at 37 degrees C following exposure to these proteolytic enzymes, they completely regain their ability to respond to mouse beta interferon within 2 h. These observations suggest that the receptors for alpha and beta interferons are different in their topographical distribution in C3H/10T1/2 cells.
User-defined gestures for surface computing (2009)

Many surface computing prototypes have employed gestures created by system designers. Although such gestures are appropriate for early investigations, they are not necessarily reflective of user behavior. We present an approach to designing tabletop gestures that relies on eliciting gestures from non-technical users by first portraying the effect of a gesture, and then asking users to perform its cause. In all, 1080 gestures from 20 participants were logged, analyzed, and paired with think-aloud data for 27 commands performed with 1 and 2 hands. Our findings indicate that users rarely care about the number of fingers they employ, that one hand is preferred to two, that desktop idioms strongly influence users' mental models, and that some commands elicit little gestural agreement, suggesting the need for on-screen widgets. We also present a complete user-defined gesture set, quantitative agreement scores, implications for surface technology, and a taxonomy of surface gestures. Our results will help designers create better gesture sets informed by user behavior.
The High-Mobility Group A1 Gene Up-Regulates Cyclooxygenase 2 Expression in Uterine Tumorigenesis (2007)

Uterine cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital tract and is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer death in women in the U.S. Despite the high prevalence of uterine cancers, the molecular events that lead to neoplastic transformation in the uterus are poorly understood. Moreover, there are limited mouse models to study these malignancies. We generated transgenic mice with high-mobility group A1 gene (HMGA1a) expression targeted to uterine tissue and all female mice developed tumors by 9 months of age. Histopathologically, the tumors resemble human uterine adenosarcoma and are transplantable. To determine whether these findings are relevant to human disease, we evaluated primary human uterine neoplasms and found that HMGA1a mRNA and protein levels are increased in most high-grade neoplasms but not in normal uterine tissue, benign tumors, or most low-grade neoplasms. We also found that HMGA1a up-regulates cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression in transgenic tumors. Moreover, both HMGA1a and COX-2 expression are up-regulated in high-grade human leiomyosarcomas. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, HMGA1a binds directly to the COX-2 promoter in human uterine cancer cells in vivo and activates its expression in transfection experiments. We also show that blocking either HMGA1a or COX-2 in high-grade human uterine cancer cells blocks anchorage-independent cell growth in methylcellulose. These findings show that HMGA1a functions as an oncogene when overexpressed in the uterus and contributes to the pathogenesis of human uterine cancer by activating COX-2 expression. Although a larger study is needed to confirm these results, HMGA1a may be a useful marker for aggressive human uterine cancers.
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty Versus Laser‐Assisted Uvulopalatoplasty for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1997)

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) was the first surgical procedure specifically designed to address the palatal abnormalities seen in many patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). For adult apneic patients, UPPP remains the most commonly performed operation. Beginning in 1993, laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP) was introduced for the treatment of snoring and sleep apnea. LAUP differs from UPPP because it is performed in the office using only local anesthesia, thus being very cost-effective. Seventy-nine patients with OSAS underwent surgical treatment: 38 treated with LAUP and 41 with UPPP. The overall surgical response rate, defined as a >50% reduction in the postoperative respiratory disturbance index (RDI), was achieved in 21 (51.2%) of UPPP-treated and 18 (47.4%) of LAUP-treated patients. The RDI decreased from 30.3 +/- 3.7 to 22.2 +/- 4.4 events/h in the LAUP patients and from 52.1 +/- 5.0 to 25.5 +/- 2.7 events/h in the UPPP patients. The lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation (LS(aO2)) increased from 72.8 +/- 2.1 to 80.9 +/- 1.3% in the UPPP patients; there was no change in the LAUP patients. Postoperative complications in this series included minor bleeding, oral candidiasis, and temporary velopalatal insufficiency in both groups. In the carefully selected OSAS patient, LAUP should be considered a surgical alternative to UPPP. LAUP may actually be preferable to UPPP in certain cases because LAUP is cost-effective, does not require a general anesthetic or hospitalization, has very few associated complications, and time lost at work is minimal.
The Murine GL261 Glioma Experimental Model to Assess Novel Brain Tumor Treatments (2009)

The GL261 glioma is representative of a carcinogen-induced mouse syngeneic glioma model. This model represents one of the very few brain tumor models developed in immunocompetent animals that has growth characteristics similar to human GBM. The ideal animal model should share the invasive properties that the human GBM displays, since this is a major reason for the failure of current treatment strategies. Here we demonstrate, through a detailed comparison with human GBM, that the murine GL261 glioma closely mimics its human counterpart in a number of significant ways, but most importantly in its invasive and angiogenic properties representing the relevant biology of human GBMs. Therefore, it should prove to be a valuable preclinical model for testing novel drugs and therapeutic strategies that inhibit glioma invasion and angiogenesis.
Real-time pedestrian counting by active linear cameras (1996)

Real-time counting of pedestrians traveling through a transport system are increasingly required for traffic control and management by the companies operating such systems. One of the most widely used systems for counting passengers consists of a mechanical gate equipped with a counter. Such simple systems, however, are not able to count passengers jumping above the gates. Moreover, passengers carrying large luggage or bags may meet some difficulties when going through such gates. The ideal solution is a contact-free counting system that would bring more comfort of use for the passengers. For these reasons, we propose to use a video processing system instead of these mechanical gates. The optical sensors discussed offer several advantages, including well-defined detection areas, fast response time, and reliable counting capability. A new technology is developed and tested, based on linear cameras. For the algorithms, thanks to the principle of our system, no assumption is made about the scene being analyzed and the nature of pedestrian movements to enable the system to run in real time. We also consider the problems presented by crowded scenes, when a high incidence of pedestrians occlusions occurs. Preliminary results have shown that this system is very efficient when the passengers crossing the optical gate are well separated. In other cases, such as in compact crowd conditions, good accuracy in terms of counting in real time is demonstrated. These results are illustrated by means of a number of sequences shot in field conditions.
Behavioral Actions of Intranasal Application of Dopamine: Effects on Forced Swimming, Elevated Plus-Maze and Open Field Parameters (2008)

These results support the view that intra-nasally applied DA can act on the central nervous system by entering the brain via the nose-brain pathway, making this kind of application procedure a promising alternative for targeting the brain, and thus treating disorders involving mesocortical and/or nigrostriatal dopaminergic disturbances.
Wearable Sensors and Systems (2010)

It is now more than 50 years since the time when clinical monitoring of individuals in the home and community settings was first envisioned. Until recently, technologies to enable such vision were lacking. However, wearable sensors and systems developed over the past decade have provided the tools to finally implement and deploy technology with the capabilities required by researchers in the field of patients' home monitoring. As discussed, potential applications of these technologies include the early diagnosis of diseases such as congestive heart failure, the prevention of chronic conditions such as diabetes, improved clinical management of neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease, and the ability to promptly respond to emergency situations such as seizures in patients with epilepsy and cardiac arrest in subjects undergoing cardiovascular monitoring. Current research efforts are now focused on the development of more complex systems for home monitoring of individuals with a variety of preclinical and clinical conditions. Recent research on the clinical assessment of wearable technology promises to deliver methodologies that are expected to lead to clinical adoption within the next five to ten years. In particular, combining home robots and wearable technology is likely to be a key step toward achieving the goal of effectively monitoring patients in the home. These efforts to merge home robots and wearable technology are expected to enable a new generation of complex systems with the ability to monitor subjects' status, facilitate the administration of interventions, and provide an invaluable tool to respond to emergency situations.
A mutant CHO-K1 strain with resistance to Pseudomonas exotoxin A and alphaviruses fails to cleave Sindbis virus glycoprotein PE2 (1991)

RPE.40, a mutant CHO-K1 strain selected for resistance to Pseudomonas exotoxin A, is defective in the production of infectious alphaviruses, although viruses are taken in and processed normally (J. M. Moehring and T. J. Moehring, Infect. Immun. 41:998-1009, 1983). To determine the cause of this defect, the synthesis of Sindbis virus proteins was examined. RPE.40 cells produced and glycosylated structural glycoprotein precursors PE2 and immature E1 normally. Mature E1 was formed, but PE2 was not cleaved to E2 and E3. PE2 instead was modified to a higher-molecular-weight form (PE2') in which the high-mannose oligosaccharides were processed to the complex form without proteolytic cleavage. The data suggest that the cleavage which produces E2 occurs within the trans-Golgi or in post-Golgi elements and is closely associated with the addition of sialic acid residues to the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. RPE.40 cells make and release noninfectious Sindbis virions that contain PE2' and no detectable E2. These virions can be converted to an infectious form by treatment with trypsin. A defect in an intracellular endopeptidase activity in RPE.40 cells is postulated. Comparison of two Sindbis virus strains showed that the requirement for E2 in the virion to ensure infectivity is strain specific.
Eukaryotic expression plasmid transfer from the intracellular bacteriumListeria monocytogenesto host cells (2001)

The facultative intracellular, Gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes invades phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells from the tissues and organs of a wide variety of animals and humans. Here, we report the use of these bacteria as vehicles for gene transfer. Eukaryotic expression plasmids were introduced into the nucleus of host cells following lysis of the intracytosolic, plasmid-carrying bacteria with antibiotics. Cell lines of different tissues and species could be transfected in this way. We examined bacterial properties required for delivery of the expression plasmids and found that this was strictly dependent on the ability of these bacteria to both invade eukaryotic cells and egress from the vacuole into the cytosol of the infected host cells. Macrophage-like cell lines or primary, peritoneal macrophages proved to be almost refractory to Listeria-mediated gene transfer. Thus, attenuated L. monocytogenes represents a serious candidate for consideration as a DNA-transfer vehicle for in vivo somatic gene therapy. The potential for oral administration of L. monocytogenes and the ease in producing and cultivating recombinant strains are further attributes that make its use as a gene transfer vehicle attractive.
`Print and Scan' Resilient Data Hiding in Images (2006)

Print-scan resilient data hiding finds important applications in document security and image copyright protection. This paper proposes methods to hide information into images that achieve robustness against printing and scanning with blind decoding. The selective embedding in low frequencies scheme hides information in the magnitude of selected low-frequency discrete Fourier transform coefficients. The differential quantization index modulation scheme embeds information in the phase spectrum of images by quantizing the difference in phase of adjacent frequency locations. A significant contribution of this paper is analytical and experimental modeling of the print-scan process, which forms the basis of the proposed embedding schemes. A novel approach for estimating the rotation undergone by the image during the scanning process is also proposed, which specifically exploits the knowledge of the digital halftoning scheme employed by the printer. Using the proposed methods, several hundred information bits can be embedded into images with perfect recovery against the print-scan operation. Moreover, the hidden images also survive several other attacks, such as Gaussian or median filtering, scaling or aspect ratio change, heavy JPEG compression, and rows and/or columns removal
A circular ferrofluid driven microchip for rapid polymerase chain reaction (2007)

In the past few years, much attention has been paid to the development of miniaturized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) devices. After a continuous flow (CF) PCR chip was introduced, several CFPCR systems employing various pumping mechanisms were reported. However, the use of pumps increases cost and imposes a high requirement on microchip bonding integrity due to the application of high pressure. Other significant limitations of CFPCR devices include the large footprint of the microchip and the fixed cycle number which is dictated by the channel layout. In this paper, we present a novel circular close-loop ferrofluid driven microchip for rapid PCR. A small ferrofluid plug, containing sub-domain magnetic particles in a liquid carrier, is driven by an external magnet along the circular microchannel, which in turn propels the PCR mixture through three temperature zones. Amplification of a 500 bp lambda DNA fragment has been demonstrated on the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) PCR microchip fabricated by CO(2) laser ablation and bonded by a low pressure, high temperature technique. Successful PCR was achieved in less than 4 min. Effects of cycle number and cycle time on PCR products were investigated. Using a magnet as the actuator eliminates the need for expensive pumps and provides advantages of low cost, small power consumption, low requirement on bonding strength and flexible number of PCR cycles. Furthermore, the microchip has a much simpler design and smaller footprint compared to the rectangular serpentine CFPCR devices. To demonstrate its application in forensics, a 16-loci short tandem repeat (STR) sample was successfully amplified using the PCR microchip.
Genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis of gene-expression profiles involved in ovarian endometriosis. (2003)

Using a cDNA microarray consisting of 23,040 genes, we analyzed gene-expression profiles of ovarian endometrial cysts from 23 patients in order to identify genes involved in endometriosis. By comparing expression patterns between endometriotic tissues and corresponding eutopic endometria, we identified 15 genes that were commonly up-regulated in the endometrial cysts during both proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle, 42 that were up-regulated only in the proliferative phase, and 40 that were up-regulated only in the secretory phase. The up-regulated elements included genes encoding some HLA antigens, complement factors, ribosomal proteins, and TGFBI. On the other hand, 337 genes were commonly down-regulated throughout the menstrual cycle, 144 only in the proliferative phase, and 835 only in the secretory phase. The down-regulated elements included the tumor suppressor TP53, genes related to apoptosis such as GADD34, GADD45A, GADD45B and PIG11, and the gene encoding OVGP1, a protein involved in maintenance of early pregnancy. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR experiments supported the results of our microarray analysis. These data should provide useful information for finding candidate genes whose products might serve as molecular targets for diagnosis or treatment of endometriosis.
Structural characteristics defining high barrier properties in polymeric materials (2004)

AbstractThe packaging industry has dramatically increased the number of packaging systems and designs made of plastics over recent decades. Plastics, in contrast with more traditional packaging materials such as glass and metals, are permeable systems that permit the exchange of low molecular weight compounds, e.g. gases and vapours, between the inner and the outer atmosphere. Despite this drawback, the availability of shapes and forms in which they can be manufactured, their ease of processing and handling, low price, excellent chemical resistance, etc., have made them very attractive in many packaging fields. Consequently, much industrial and academic research has been devoted to understanding the mechanisms of mass transport in polymers, to enable design of materials with improved barrier properties. The present paper reviews some of these developments, and highlights the structural factors that cause polymers to behave as high barrier materials, taking as benchmark the properties of one of the most widely used family of high barrier materials, the ethylene - vinyl alcohol copolymers.Keywords: POLYMERSHIGH BARRIER PROPERTIES
Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum gamete surface antigens in Papua New Guinea sera (1988)

Sera from individuals living in malaria endemic areas of Papua New Guinea were tested for their effect on infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes grown in culture to Anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. Consistent reduction of infectivity to less than 5% of control was observed with nine out of the 41 sera from the endemic area tested and also with three out of seven sera tested from individuals rarely exposed to malaria infection. Gamete surface antigens recognized by the sera were investigated by immunoprecipitation from 125I surface-labelled gametes extracted in SDS and Triton X-100. The main antigens recognized were of the same mol. wt (230, 48 and 45 kD) as those known to be targets of transmission-blocking monoclonal antibodies. A significant negative correlation was observed between the total ct/min immunoprecipitated from surface-labelled gametes by the sera and the average number of oocysts per gut observed in membrane feeding experiments with these sera. Spearmann's rank correlation coefficient indicated that suppression of infectivity correlated strongly with the presence of antibodies against the 230 kD protein; there was no significant correlation between suppression and antibodies to the 48/45 kD proteins. The antibody response to the different gamete surface antigens varied greatly in sera from the endemic areas suggesting that individuals respond differently to each gamete antigen.
The complexity of mining maximal frequent itemsets and maximal frequent patterns (2004)

Mining maximal frequent itemsets is one of the most fundamental problems in data mining. In this paper we study the complexity-theoretic aspects of maximal frequent itemset mining, from the perspective of counting the number of solutions. We present the first formal proof that the problem of counting the number of distinct maximal frequent itemsets in a database of transactions, given an arbitrary support threshold, is #P-complete, thereby providing strong theoretical evidence that the problem of mining maximal frequent itemsets is NP-hard. This result is of particular interest since the associated decision problem of checking the existence of a maximal frequent itemset is in P.We also extend our complexity analysis to other similar data mining problems dealing with complex data structures, such as sequences, trees, and graphs, which have attracted intensive research interests in recent years. Normally, in these problems a partial order among frequent patterns can be defined in such a way as to preserve the downward closure property, with maximal frequent patterns being those without any successor with respect to this partial order. We investigate several variants of these mining problems in which the patterns of interest are subsequences, subtrees, or subgraphs, and show that the associated problems of counting the number of maximal frequent patterns are all either #P-complete or #P-hard.
Immunoconjugates of Geldanamycin and Anti-HER2 Monoclonal Antibodies: Antiproliferative Activity on Human Breast Carcinoma Cell Lines (2000)

Our findings suggest that conjugating GA to internalizing MAbs enhances the inhibitory effect of the MAbs. This approach might also be applied in cellular targeting via growth factors and may be of clinical interest.
The stimulations of arachidonic acid metabolism by recombinant murine interleukin 1 and tumor promoters or 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol are synergistic. (1985)

Recombinant murine IL 1 stimulated arachidonic acid metabolism by rat liver cells (the C-9 cell line) and squirrel monkey smooth muscle cells, and in the presence of tumor promoters this stimulation was synergistic. In the rat liver cells that had been prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid, the release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and arachidonic acid also was stimulated by the IL 1, and this release was synergistic in the presence of TPA. 1-Oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG) stimulated prostaglandin production, and IL 1 synergized the prostaglandin production in the presence of OAG. OAG and TPA mimic the endogenous activator of protein kinase C, 1,2-diacylglycerol, and therefore IL 1 may amplify arachidonic acid metabolism during signal transmission processes.