gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expansion of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes from Human Tumors Using the T-Cell Growth Factors Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-4 (1993)

We examined the role of two T cell-growth factors, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4, in expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from human tumors. In sarcoma, IL-4 (1,000 U/ml) with IL-2 (10 or 1,000 U/ml) grew TILs better than did IL-2 alone in six of 10 cases during 6 weeks of culture. IL-4 decreased the relative number of CD56+ cells, which correlated with a decrease in cytolysis against Daudi in six of 10 cases. The addition of IL-4 with 1,000 U of IL-2 maintained or increased cytolysis against autologous sarcoma, while decreasing nonspecific cytolysis against Daudi or allogeneic sarcoma in three of eight cases. IL-4 decreased cytolysis against both autologous sarcoma and Daudi in four of 10 cases, suggesting nonspecific activity in these instances. In renal cell cancer (RCC), IL-4 with IL-2 (10 or 1,000 U/ml) augmented TIL growth in six of eight cases, especially during the first 2-3 weeks of culture. IL-4 with 10 U of IL-2 increased cytolysis against both autologous RCC and Daudi in six of eight cases, suggesting possible prior cell activation. In contrast, IL-4 addition with 1,000 U of IL-2 maintained or increased cytolysis against autologous RCC, while decreasing cytolysis against Daudi or allogeneic RCC in four of eight cases. In cases of bladder and of prostate cancer, IL-4 with 1,000 U of IL-2 grew TILs slightly better in five of seven cases for the first 2-3 weeks. Bladder TILs grown with IL-2 and/or IL-4 were CD+ T cell predominant (three of five) and rarely lytic for autologous tumor. In colon cancer and hepatoma, TILs grown with IL-2 and/or IL-4 were nonlytic for the autologous tumor. IL-4 in conjunction with IL-2 could therefore augment growth of some TILs especially for the first 2-3 weeks from various human tumors.
Intron creation and polyadenylation in maize are directed by AU-rich RNA. (1994)

Intron recognition in Angiosperms is hypothesized to require AU-rich motifs within introns. In this report we examined the role of AU-rich motifs in pre-mRNA processing. AU-rich segments of maize introns inserted near the single intron of the maize Bronze-2(Bz2) gene result in alternative splicing. Other insertions of AU-rich sequence in the Bz2 cDNA resulted in de novo intron creation using splice junctions at the edges of the AU-rich region. Surprisingly, the five AU-rich inserts that we tested also caused polyadenylation, even though none had been selected for that function in plants. Insertions of GC-rich sequence into Bz2 did not cause either splicing or polyadenylation. We propose that AU-rich motifs are a general signal for RNA processing in maize and that in the absence of a 5' splice site, polyadenylation is the default pathway.
Several uses for tangential-flow filtration in the pharmaceutical industry. (1983)

The versatility and economic feasibility of tangential-flow (cross-flow) filtration are demonstrated by its application to four common types of filtration problems. The use of tangential flow as pre filtration for a Water For Injection system allows long-term filtration without the need for constant filter changes. In addition, the fact that the filter can be repeatedly regenerated reduces replacement costs to a minimum. Clarification of a solvent system confirms that throughputs with cross-flow filtration are many times greater than with conventional dead-end methods. Recovery of an enzyme from mucoid fermentation broth, traditionally time-consuming due to the need for several prefiltration steps, proceeds quickly because of the self-cleaning action of the cross-flow filter. The flexibility of the cross-flow concept lies in its ability to concentrate suspended material in the recirculation stream. It is therefore ideal for the harvesting of bacterial cultures, as the closed system offers little opportunity for contamination.
Creation of a panel of vectors based on ape adenovirus isolates (2010)

E1-deleted adenovirus vectors can be created from a wide variety of ape adenoviruses that can be rescued and propagated in HEK 293 cells. The prevalence of pre-existing antibodies that can neutralize these adenoviruses in human populations is low.
Abstract 19949: Attainment of Lipid Levels in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk: Results from a U.S. Managed Care Population Study (2014)

Background: Current, generalizable data on low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) as well as triglyceride (TG) levels are necessary to guide health policy decisions, guideline recommendations and treatment innovation. While LDL-C and non-HDL-C are established targets, TG elevations of 150-500 mg/dL and &gt;500 mg/dL can contribute to CV disease and pancreatitis risk, respectively. We evaluated attainment of these lipid measures in a large, managed care population in the US. Methods: The analysis included patients from the Optum Research Database meeting the following criteria: a valid lipid profile measurement in 2012 (i.e. “index date”); ≥20 years of age; continuous enrollment for≥ 2 years; and ≥1 high risk CV condition. Each patient was categorized into a mutually-exclusive category in the following hierarchy: acute coronary syndrome (ACS) within 12 months; stable coronary heart disease (CHD); ischemic stroke; peripheral arterial disease (PAD); and diabetes mellitus. Patients covered by a prescription on the index date or within 30 days were considered to be on treatment. Results: In total, 217,516 patients met the inclusion criteria. Median (Q1 to Q3) age was 61 (53 to 70) years, 51.6% were male, 10.7% were treated with intensive statins, 34.8% with less-intensive statins and 5.8% with nonstatin lipid-modifying therapy. Median LDL-C was 92 (72 to 116) mg/dL, non-HDL-C was 118 (96 to 145) mg/dL and TG was 120 (85 to 169) mg/dL in the overall cohort. The frequency of lipid level achievement is displayed by hierarchical disease state (TABLE). Conclusions: This study is the largest analysis of LDL-C, non-HDL-C and TG levels in a contemporary US managed care high risk population. Statins were underutilized, reflected by inadequate achievement of optimal LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels. While very high TG levels were infrequent, more optimal TG level were only achieved in about two-thirds of the population.
Selection of a convolution function for Fourier inversion using gridding (computerised tomography application) (1991)

In the technique known as gridding, the data samples are weighted for sampling density and convolved with a finite kernel, then resampled on a grid preparatory to a fast Fourier transform. The authors compare the artifact introduced into the image for various convolving functions of different sizes, including the Kaiser-Bessel window and the zero-order prolate spheroidal wave function (PSWF). They also show a convolving function that improves upon the PSWF in some circumstances.
Isolation of Stool-Derived Mucus Provides a High Yield of Colonocytes Suitable for Early Detection of Colorectal Carcinoma (2009)

Isolation of stool-derived mucus is technically straightforward and can improve the performance of protein-based and/or nucleic acid-based approaches to CRC screening.
Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Progesterone-Cyclodextrin-Polymer Systems (2006)

This contribution focused on the solubility improvement of the poorly water-soluble steroid hormone progesterone which, in its natural state, presents a reduced oral bioavailability. In the first part of this study, two simple, reproducible methods that were candidates for use in the preparation of inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins were investigated. Solubility capacities of the progesterone complex with hydroxypropyl-beta-CD (HPbeta-CD), hydoxypropyl-gamma-CD (HPgamma-CD), permethyl-beta-CD (PMbeta-CD), and sulfobutylether-beta-CD (SBEbeta-CD), prepared by the freeze-drying and precipitation methods, were evaluated by Higuchi phase solubility studies. The results showed that HPbeta-CD and PMbeta-CD were the most efficient among the four cyclodextrins for the solubilization of progesterone, with the highest apparent stability constants. Therefore, dissolution studies were conducted on these latest progesterone/cyclodextrin complexes and physical mixtures. Two additional natural cyclodextrins, beta-CD and gamma-CD, were taken as references. Hence, the influence of more highly soluble derivatives of beta-CD (HPbeta-CD, PMbeta-CD) on the progesterone dissolution rate, in comparison to pristine beta-CD, alongside an increase in the cavity width for gamma-CD versus beta-CD, were investigated. The dissolution kinetics of progesterone dissolved from HPbeta-CD, PMbeta-CD, and gamma-CD revealed higher constant rates in comparison to beta-CD. Therefore, the aim of the second part of this study was to investigate the possibility of improving the dissolution rate of progesterone/beta-CD binary systems upon formation of ternary complexes with the hydrophilic polymer, PEG 6000, as beta-CD had the smallest progesterone solubility and dissolution capacity among the four cyclodextrins studied (beta-CD, HPbeta-CD, HPgamma-CD and PMbeta-CD). The results indicated that dissolution constant rates were considerably enhanced for the 5% and 10% progesterone/beta-CD complexes in PEG 6000. The interaction of progesterone with the cyclodextrins of interest on the form of the binary physical mixtures, complexes, or ternary complexes were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results proved that progesterone was diffused into the cyclodextrin cavity, replacing the water molecules and, in case of ternary systems, that the progesterone beta-cyclodextrin was well dispersed into PEG, thus improving progesterone bioavailability for subsequent oral delivery in the same way as derivatized cyclodextrins. The present work proves that ternary complexes are promising systems for drug encapsulation.
Complexes involving quercetin, DNA and Cu(II) (1990)

The genotoxic flavonoid, quercetin, was shown to bind to both double-stranded and single-stranded DNA with concomitant changes in absorption spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum of quercetin. Quercetin and Cu(II) were shown to form a charge transfer complex that decayed in oxygen-dependent reaction(s) and this decay was accelerated by DNA. Analysis of the three component system, DNA--querectin--Cu(II), led to a discussion of the complexes likely to be involved in the initial reactions that lead, ultimately, to strand scission of DNA.
RPE Damage Thresholds and Mechanisms for Laser Exposure in the Microsecond-to-Millisecond Time Regimen (2005)

At threshold irradiance, the transition time from thermal denaturation to thermomechanical damage of RPE cells is slightly below the laser pulse duration of 50 micros.
Nucleotide sequence of the asd gene of Streptococcus mutans. Identification of the promoter region and evidence for attenuator-like sequences preceding the structural gene. (1987)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the asd gene of Streptococcus mutans encoding aspartate beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.11), an enzyme comprised of 357 amino acids, having an Mr of 38,897 and active in the biosynthetic pathway of lysine, threonine, methionine, diaminopimelic acid, and isoleucine, has been determined. In addition we report the 276 nucleotides upstream of the structural gene which contain a highly efficient promoter identified by both RNA polymerase binding and in vitro transcription analysis. A leader transcript which terminates at a fixed point immediately preceding the asd promoter region was identified in the DNA sequence and confirmed by in vitro transcription analysis as well. The close proximity of this transcript and its p-independent transcriptional terminator to the asd coding sequence suggests involvement in a mechanism of regulation. Message stability experiments indicate the half-life of asd specific messages to be comparable to that of Escherichia coli messages. Conditions of varying concentrations of lysine, threonine, and methionine exert no apparent control over expression of the S. mutans asd gene in Escherichia coli suggesting the requirement of an accessory regulatory element specific for the S. mutans asd gene.
Context aware observation of human activities (2003)

Interactive environments combine perception, action and communication to extend human-computer interaction. We believe that a fundamental challenge for interactive environments is developing models and methods for "context awareness". We present an ontology for context awareness for interactive environments. We show how the elements of this ontology correspond to the elements of a software architecture for observing situation and context. Within this framework, context predicts the evolution of the situation, and provides "meaning" for objects and events. Context also provides a specification for assembling federations of processes to measure properties, determine relations and detect events.
SWITCHBOARD: telephone speech corpus for research and development (1992)

SWITCHBOARD is a large multispeaker corpus of conversational speech and text which should be of interest to researchers in speaker authentication and large vocabulary speech recognition. About 2500 conversations by 500 speakers from around the US were collected automatically over T1 lines at Texas Instruments. Designed for training and testing of a variety of speech processing algorithms, especially in speaker verification, it has over an 1 h of speech from each of 50 speakers, and several minutes each from hundreds of others. A time-aligned word for word transcription accompanies each recording.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Endovascular Stenting for the Nutcracker Phenomenon (2001)

Purpose: To present a case highlighting the efficacy of stent implantation for left renal vein (LRV) entrapment, otherwise known as the nutcracker phenomenon. Case Report: A 17-year-old boy presented with a history of gross hematuria and left flank pain. Magnetic resonance angiography documented compression of the LRV between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta. A Memotherm stent was successfully placed across the LRV to restore adequate luminal flow after a Wallstent failed to adequately span the narrowed segment. Spiral CT angiography at 6 months confirmed LRV patency; the patient remains asymptomatic and free of hematuria at 12 months. Conclusions: Endovascular stenting for the nutcracker phenomenon is safe and effective and may represent a valuable approach for lessening the morbidity of surgical procedures.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Sirtinol Analogues as Class III Histone/Protein Deacetylase (Sirtuin) Inhibitors (2005)

In a search for potent inhibitors of class III histone/protein deacetylases (sirtuins), a series of sirtinol analogues have been synthesized and the degree of inhibition was assessed in vitro using recombinant yeast Sir2, human SIRT1, and human SIRT2 and in vivo with a yeast phenotypic assay. Two analogues, namely, 3- and 4-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenylmethylene)amino]-N-(1-phenylethyl)benzamide (i.e., m- and p-sirtinol), were 2- to 10-fold more potent than sirtinol against human SIRT1 and SIRT2 enzymes. In yeast in vivo assay, these two small molecules were as potent as sirtinol. Compounds lacking the 2-hydroxy group at the naphthalene moiety or bearing several modifications at the benzene 2'-position of the aniline portion (carbethoxy, carboxy, and cyano) were 1.3-13 times less potent than sirtinol, whereas the 2'-carboxamido analogue was totally inactive. Both (R)- and (S)-sirtinol had similar inhibitory effects on the yeast and human enzymes, demonstrating no enantioselective inhibitory effect.
Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of mixed-ligand ruthenium(ii) complexes for photodynamic therapy (2015)

We demonstrated the photodynamic therapy effect of mixed-ligand Ru(<sc>ii</sc>) complexes.<bold>Ru1–Ru3</bold>can kill cancer cells effectively upon light exposure through generating singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical ions.
Oxytocin Content of the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Dogs and Its Relationship to Pain Induced by Spinal Cord Compression (1998)

In humans, intrathecal injection of oxytocin is effective in treating low back pain for up to 5 hours. Intrathecal oxytocin may be a logical choice for perioperative analgesia in dogs undergoing myelography because the intrathecal space is accessed for injection of contrast agent.
Enhanced oral absorption and antiviral activity of 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-acyclovir and related compounds in hepatitis b virus infection, in vitro (1997)

Acyclovir (ACV) triphosphate and azidothymidine (AZT) triphosphate inhibit the DNA polymerase of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) by 50% at submicromolar concentrations, but no effects of ACV or AZT treatment have been noted on the clinical manifestations of hepatitis B. We synthesized 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-acyclovir (ODG-P-ACV), l-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-phospho-acyclovir (HDP-P-ACV), and l-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-azidothymidine (ODG-P-AZT), and evaluated their antiviral activity in human hepatoma cells that constitutively produce HBV (2.2.15 cells). ACV and AZT up to 100 μM caused only slight inhibition of HBV replication in 2.2.15 cells. However, HDP-P-ACV and ODG-P-ACV inhibited viral replication by 50% at 0.5 and 6.8 μM, respectively. ODG-P-AZT also showed increased antiviral activity, with a 50% reduction in HBV replication at 2.1 μM. Based on the EC50, HDP-P-ACV, ODG-P-ACV, and ODG-P-AZT were > 200, > 14.7, and > 48 times more active than their free nucleosides in reducing HBV replication in 2.2.15 cells. To evaluate the biochemical basis for the increased antiviral activity, we studied the uptake and metabolism of l-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-[3H]acyclovir (ODG-P-[3H]ACV) in HepG2 cells. Cellular uptake of ODG-P-[3H]ACV was found to be substantially greater than that of [3H]ACV, and cellular levels of ACV-mono-, -di-, and -triphosphate were much higher with ODG-P-ACV. ODG-P-[3H]ACV was well absorbed orally. Based on urinary recovery of tritium after oral or parenteral administration of the radiolabeled compounds, oral absorption of ODG-P-ACV in mice was 100% versus 37% for ACV. ODG-P-ACV plasma area under the curve was more than 7-fold greater than that of ACV. Lipid prodrugs of this type may be useful orally in treating viral diseases.
A new CACNA1A gene mutation in acetazolamide-responsive familial hemiplegic migraine and ataxia (1999)

The combination of episodic dysfunction and permanent deficit could depend on the variety of functions of calcium channels and their distribution in the nervous system.
The effects of EPA + DHA and aspirin on inflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis factors (2012)

OBJECTIVE: In a recent study, we showed that the combination of aspirin plus the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) synergistically inhibited platelet function. As aspirin, EPA, and DHA have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, we hypothesized that the ingestion of EPA and DHA, with and without aspirin, would reduce plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis factors more than aspirin alone and before aspirin was ingested. METHODS: Using multiplex technology, we investigated the effects of aspirin (single-dose 650 mg on day 1), EPA+DHA (3.4 g/d for days 2-29), and aspirin with EPA+DHA (day 30) on plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis factors in healthy adults. RESULTS: Aspirin alone had no effect on any factor versus baseline, but EPA+DHA, with and without aspirin, significantly reduced concentrations of 8 of 9 factors. Although EPA+DHA plus aspirin reduced concentrations of a subset of the factors compared to baseline, neither aspirin alone nor the combination significantly reduced the level of any analyte more robustly than EPA+DHA alone. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that EPA+DHA has more pronounced down-regulatory effects on inflammation and angiogenesis than aspirin. The implications of these findings for the use of combined therapy for cardiovascular disease remain to be clarified.
Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in Insulating Cobalt Doped AnataseTiO2 (2005)

Using complementary experiments we show that the room temperature ferromagnetism observed in anatase Co:TiO(2) films is not carrier mediated, but coexists with the dielectric state. TEM and x-ray absorption spectroscopy reveal a solid solution of Co in anatase, where Co is not metallic but in the +2 state substituting for Ti. Measurements at 300 K yield a M(S) of 1.1 mu(B)/Co atom, while all films are highly insulating. The evidence of intrinsic ferromagnetism in the dielectric ground state of Co:TiO(2) leads to new considerations for the origin of ferromagnetism in transition metal doped oxides.
An exonic enhancer is required for inclusion of an essential exon in the SMA-determining gene SMN (2000)

The survival motor neuron genes, SMN1 and SMN2, encode identical proteins; however, only homo- zygous loss of SMN1 correlates with the development of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). We have previously shown that a single non-polymorphic nucleotide difference in SMN exon 7 dramatically affects SMN mRNA processing. SMN1 primarily produces a full-length RNA whereas SMN2 expresses dramatically reduced full-length RNA and abundant levels of an aberrantly spliced transcript lacking exon 7. The importance of proper exon 7 processing has been underscored by the identification of several mutations within splice sites adjacent to exon 7. Here we show that an AG-rich exonic splice enhancer (ESE) in the center of SMN exon 7 is required for inclusion of exon 7. This region functioned as an ESE in a heterologous context, supporting efficient in vitro splicing of the Drosophila double-sex gene. Finally, the protein encoded by the exon-skipping event, Delta7, was less stable than full-length SMN, providing additional evidence of why SMN2 fails to compensate for the loss of SMN1 and leads to the development of SMA.
Influences of weather phenomena on automotive laser radar systems (2011)

Abstract. Laser radar (lidar) sensors provide outstanding angular resolution along with highly accurate range measurements and thus they were proposed as a part of a high performance perception system for advanced driver assistant functions. Based on optical signal transmission and reception, laser radar systems are influenced by weather phenomena. This work provides an overview on the different physical principles responsible for laser radar signal disturbance and theoretical investigations for estimation of their influence. Finally, the transmission models are applied for signal generation in a newly developed laser radar target simulator providing – to our knowledge – worldwide first HIL test capability for automotive laser radar systems.
Demonstration of 2.5-Gslot/s optically-preamplified M-PPM with 4 photons/bit receiver sensitivity (2005)

Photon-efficient optical communications using variable-duty-cycle M-ary pulse-position modulation (M-PPM) with coding is investigated experimentally using a simple, multi-rate nearly quantum-limited receiver with throughputs ranging from 1.25 Gbit/s, in the binary case, to 78 Mbit/s, for M=256.