gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of B-Cell Lymphoma With Chimeric IgG and Single-Chain Fv Antibody–Interleukin-2 Fusion Proteins (1998)

Abstract Anti-idiotype (Id) antibodies (Abs) have been shown to be effective in treatment of B-cell lymphoma in animal models and in clinical trials. The combination of interleukin-2 (IL-2) can augment the therapeutic effect of anti-Id Abs. To further improve the power of the combined therapy, a monoclonal anti-Id Ab, S5A8, specifically recognizing a murine B-cell lymphoma 38C13, was genetically modified to contain the IL-2 domain and thus use the unique targeting ability of Abs to direct IL-2 to the tumor site. Two forms of the anti-Id–IL-2 fusion proteins were constructed: one configuration consisting of mouse-human chimeric IgG (chS5A8–IL-2) and the other containing only the variable light (VL) and variable heavy (VH) Ab domains covalently connected by a peptide linker (scFvS5A8-IL-2). Both forms of the anti-Id–IL-2 fusion proteins retained IL-2 biological activities and were equivalent in potentiating tumor cell lysis in vitro. In contrast, the antigen-binding ability of scFvS5A8–IL-2 was 30- to 40-fold lower than that of the bivalent chS5A8–IL-2. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that scFvS5A8–IL-2 was eliminated about 20 times faster than chS5A8–IL-2. Finally, it was shown that chS5A8–IL-2 was very proficient in inhibiting 38C13 tumor growth in vivo, more effectively than a combined therapy with anti-Id Abs and IL-2, whereas scFvS5A8–IL-2 did not show any therapeutic effect. These results demonstrate that the anti-Id–IL-2 fusion protein represents a potent reagent for treatment for B-cell lymphoma and that the intact IgG fusion protein is far more effective than its single-chain counterpart. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Assessment of proliferative and colony-forming capacity after successive in vitro divisions of single human CD34+ cells initially isolated in G0. (1998)

Exit of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from the G0 phase of the cell cycle in response to in vitro cytokine stimulation is a limiting step in successful ex vivo expansion. Simultaneous DNA/RNA staining with Hoechst 33342 and pyronin Y was used to separate human bone marrow CD34+ cells residing in G0 (G0CD34+) from those cycling in G1 and S/G2+M. Compared with CD34+ cells isolated in G1, G0CD34+ cells were characterized by a delayed response to cytokine stimulation and were enriched for long-term hematopoietic culture-initiating cells. We next compared the activation kinetics of individually sorted G0CD34+ cells stimulated with stem cell factor (SCF), flt3-ligand (FL), or interleukin-3 (IL-3) as single factors. In a novel clonal proliferation assay, the functional status of cells that had remained quiescent after an initial 7-day period and of those that had completed successive division cycles under each of these three factors was evaluated by assessment of subsequent proliferative capacity and maintenance of colony-forming cell precursor (pre-CFC) activity. All three cytokines were equally able to support the survival of primitive HPCs in the absence of cell division. Cells that did not respond to any cytokine stimulation for 7 days retained higher proliferative and pre-CFC activities than dividing cells. The hematopoietic function of cells that divided in response to SCF, FL, or IL-3 decreased after each division cycle. However, G0CD34+ cells displayed a heterogeneous response pattern to cytokine stimulation whereby SCF appeared to have a superior ability to promote the cycling of cells with high proliferative and pre-CFC activities. These results indicate that HPCs reside in opposing hierarchies of hematopoietic potential and responsiveness to cytokine stimulation. The data also begin to indicate relationships between cellular division in response to different stimuli and maintenance of hematopoietic function.
Genes encoding tumor-specific antigens are expressed in human myeloma cells. (1999)

Genes of the MAGE, BAGE, GAGE, and LAGE-1/NY-ESO-1 families encode antigenic peptides that are presented by HLA class I molecules and that are recognized on human tumors by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. These genes are expressed in many solid tumor types but not in normal tissues, except male germline cells. Because the latter cells are devoid of HLA molecules, the derived antigens are strictly tumor-specific and should constitute safe immunogens for cancer immunotherapy. We detected a significant expression of these genes in a high proportion of bone marrow samples from patients with advanced multiple myeloma. This observation provides a basis for clinical trials aimed at inducing a cellular immune response directed at malignant plasma cells in advanced myeloma patients.
New therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease, which continues to cause significant morbidity in affected persons. In the past few years, a number of new exciting therapeutic options have become available. These reflect the application of knowledge obtained from advancements in understanding of disease pathogenesis and underlying molecular mechanisms. A number of these therapies are outlined in the following review, including the various biological modifiers, in particular, anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha agents and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonists, which have been developed in recognition of the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RA. Also notable, is the current interest centring on the development and trials with B cell depletion therapies, specifically rituximab, in patients with RA. This demonstrates acknowledgment for a more significant role for B cells in the aetiology of RA, in contrast to the long held view that RA was a predominantly T cell mediated disease. To evaluate this therapeutic option for RA, salient features from recent rituximab trials have been collated. Finally, a selection of other therapeutic alternatives, including anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody and tacrolimus, and newer anti-rheumatic therapies presently in development are summarized.
Cathodoluminescence Properties of Undoped and Zn-Doped AlxGa1-xN Grown by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1991)

Cathodoluminescence of undoped and Zn-doped Al x Ga 1- x N epitaxial layers grown by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) in the composition range of 0≤ x ≤0.3 has been studied at room temperature. The dominant emission of undoped Al x Ga 1- x N grown at 1030°C is a near-band-edge emission (UV band), while that of Zn-doped Al x Ga 1- x N grown at 1030°C is a violet-blue one (VB band), and that of Zn-doped Al x Ga 1- x N grown at 910°C is a blue-green one (BG band). Each emission band shifts toward a higher-energy side with increasing x . The compositional dependence of the peak energy of the UV band is similar to that of the band gap energy. On the other hand, the compositional dependences of the VB band and BG band are somewhat smaller than that of the band gap energy.
Substrate specificity and kinetic parameters of GLUT3 in rat cerebellar granule neurons (1996)

This study examines the apparent affinity, catalytic-centre activity ("turnover number') and stereospecificity of the neuronal glucose transporter GLUT3 in primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Using a novel variation of the 3-O-[14C]methylglucose transport assay, by measuring zero-trans kinetics at 25 degrees C, GLUT3 was determined to be a high-apparent-affinity, high-activity, glucose transporter with a K(m) of 2.87 +/- 0.23 mM (mean +/- S.E.M.) for 3-O-methylglucose, a Vmax of 18.7 +/- 0.48 nmol/min per 10(6) cells, and cells, and a corresponding catalytic-centre activity of 853 s-1. Transport of 3-O-methylglucose was competed by glucose, mannose, 2-deoxyglucose and galactose, but not by fructose. This methodology is compared with the more common 2-[3H]deoxyglucose methodology and the [U-14C]-glucose transport method. The high affinity and transport activity of the neuronal glucose transporter GLUT3 appears to be an appropriate adaptation to meet the demands of neuronal metabolism at prevailing interstitial brain glucose concentrations (1-2 mM).
Heterogenation of a shiff base substituted Grubbs catalyst and a Ru-dimer to perform romp reactions (2002)

The investigation of hybrid catalysts has been driven by the vision of combining the positive aspects of a homogeneous catalyst (i.e. site homogeneity, high activity per site, high selectivity and reproducibility) with those of heterogeneous catalysts (long life time, ease of separation, continuous operation). With the invention of MCM mesoporous silica, a new generation of improved supports for covalent binding of complexes became available. Such silica's not only show regular mesopores with variable size but also have very reactive intraparticle siloxane bridges and silanol groups for covalent linking of metal complexes. The reaction of the intraparticle surface of mesoporous silica with organosilicon spacers has recently proven to be a very flexible surface functionalisation technique. Here we present the immobilisation of [RuCl2(p-cymene)](2) on phosphine modified MCM-41 and of a Shiff base substituted Grubbs catalyst on MCM-41. Besides the synthesis and characterisation of the catalysts, results on ROMP reactions are presented.
Imaging artificial caries under composite sealants and restorations (2004)

Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is used to monitor the progression of simulated caries lesions on occlusal surfaces and image the lesions underneath composite sealants. The polarization-sensitive system, recording images in both the parallel and perpendicular axes, is useful for enhancing the image contrast of the artificial caries and minimizing the interference of the strong reflections at surface interfaces. Using the perpendicular-axis signal, the mean reflectivity increase from day 0 to day 14 is 5.1 dB (p<0.01, repeated-measures analysis of variation, Tukey-Kramer). For imaging lesions underneath the sealants, the mean reflectivity of the enamel underneath 250, 500, 750, and 1000 microm of composite is calculated for demineralized and control samples. The artificial lesions can be detected under 750 microm of visibly opaque sealant, with a 5.0-dB difference from the control samples (t-test, p<0.001). Tooth colored sealants allow deeper imaging depth. The artificial lesions could be detected under 1000 microm of sealant, with a 6.6-dB difference from the control samples (t-test, p<0.001). This study demonstrates that PS-OCT can be used to track lesion progression on occlusal surfaces nondestructively with or without sealants.
The role of components of recombination signal sequences in immunoglobulin gene segment usage: a V81x model (1999)

It has long been appreciated that some immunoglobulin (and T-cell receptor) gene segments are used much more frequently than others. The VHsegment V81x is a particularly striking case of overusage. Its usage varies with the stage of B-cell development and with the strain of mice, but it is always high in B cell progenitors. We have found that the coding sequence and the recombination signal sequences (RSS) are identical in five mouse strains, including CAST/Ei, a strain derived from the species Mus castaneus. Thus, the strain differences cannot be attributed to sequences within V81x itself. V81x RSS mediated recombination at rates significantly higher than another VHRSS. Although the V81x nonamer differs at one base pair from the consensus sequence, an RSS with this nonamer and a consensus heptamer recombines as well as the consensus RSS. When the V81x spacer is replaced by that of VA1, the frequency of recombination decreases by approximately 5-fold; thus, the contribution of variation in natural spacers to variability in VHusage in vivo is likely to be more than has been previously appreciated. Furthermore, the contribution of the heptamer and nonamer to differential VHusage in our assay is correlated inversely with their conservation throughout the VHlocus.
Sterochemical properties and teratogenic activity of some tetrahydrophthalimides. (1977)

The embryotoxic and teratogenic activities of three thalidomide analogues containing nonplanar tetrahydrophthalimide moieties, of the corresponding three imides, and of their N-methyl derivatives were tested in SWS mice. The molecular structures of three imides were established simultaneously by X-ray diffraction analysis. One of the three nonplanar thalidomide analogues is teratogenic and therefore does not support the intercalation hypothesis of the thalidomide action. The tendency of the three sulfur-containing compounds for complex formation is discussed.
Time course and duration of bronchodilatation with formoterol dry powder in patients with stable asthma. (1993)

Formoterol as a dry powder at doses of 12 micrograms and 24 micrograms produces a rapid onset of action and has a bronchodilator effect comparable with salbutamol 400 micrograms as a dry powder. The bronchodilatation was sustained for 11-12 hours. Formoterol 6 micrograms caused similar bronchodilatation but more slowly and for a shorter time.
Production of super‐tenacity polypropylene filaments (1964)

Abstract The effects of the conditions fiber formation on structural parameters and tensile properties of melt‐spun, highly isotactic polypropylene filaments were investigated to determine the feasibility of producing supertenacity polypropylene filaments. Meltspun polypropylene monofilaments were prepared from five highly isotactic polymers (94% or more by extraction), under different conditions of extrusion, quenching, drawing, and annealing. The molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, crystalline structure, crystallinity, crystallite orientation, and total molecular orientation (as expressed by total draw ratio) of the experimental filaments were determined, and the relationships between these structural parameters and the tensile properties of the filaments are discussed in the paper. Several of the experimental polypropylene filaments produced had tenacities greater than 12 g./den. and one of them had a tenacity of 13 g./den. Polypropylene filaments having tenacities greater than 13 g./den. appear feasible. To produce the super‐tenacity polypropylene filaments, a polymer with a weight‐average molecular weight of about 470,000 was melt spun into undrawn filaments having the paracrystalline structure, and the filaments were drawn to a maximum and annealed. The tenacity of the polypropylene filaments increased with increasing fiber molecular weight. A narrow molecular weight distribution was beneficial, but was not necessary for obtaining high tenacities. High draw after spinning was important in producing high tenacity. The maximum amount that a fiber could be drawn depended upon its molecular weight, the amount of stretch introduced during spinning, and the drawing time and temperature (filament temperature). Filaments having the paracrystalline structure, which was obtained with proper extrusion and quenching conditions, could be drawn more easily than filaments having the crystalline structure, and hence, under equivalent conditions, the former could be drawn more. The more the filaments were stretched during spinning, the lower were their tenacities. The relationship between crystallite orientation and the tensile properties of drawn and annealed filaments stretched during spinning was different from the relationship for drawn and annealed filaments that were not stretched during spinning. The highly drawn filaments contained voids, but they could be removed by proper annealing conditions, which also increased the tenacity of the filaments.
Molten Oxide Glass Materials for Thermal Energy Storage (2014)

Halotechnics, Inc. is developing an energy storage system utilizing a low melting point molten glass as the heat transfer and thermal storage material. This work is supported under a grant from the Department of Energy's Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E). Advanced oxide glasses promise a potential breakthrough as a low cost, earth abundant, and stable thermal storage material. The system and new glass material will enable grid scale electricity storage at a fraction of the cost of batteries by integrating the thermal storage with a large heat pump device. Halotechnics is combining its proven expertise in combinatorial chemistry with advanced techniques for handling molten glass to design and build a two-tank thermal energy storage system. This system, operating at a high temperature of 1200 °C and a low temperature of 400 °C, will demonstrate sensible heat thermal energy storage using a uniquely formulated oxide glass. Our molten glass thermal storage material has the potential to significantly reduce thermal storage costs once developed and deployed at commercial scale. Thermal storage at the target temperature can be integrated with existing high temperature gas turbines that significantly increase efficiencies over today's steam turbine technology. This paper describes the development and selection of Halotechnics' molten glass heat transfer fluids with some additional systems considerations.
Escherichia coli acetate kinase mechanism studied by net initial rate, equilibrium, and independent isotopic exchange kinetics. (1976)

The equilibrium constant of the reaction catalyzed by acetate kinase (E.C. 2.7.2.1.) was determined: K = (MgADP) (acetylphosphate)/(MgATP)(acetate) = 6.7 +/- 1.3 X 10 (-4) (pH 7.4, 25 degrees). The respective free nucleotides uncomplexed to magnesium inhibit the net reaction in both directions: competitively with the respective magnesium nucleotide (MgATP or MgADP) and noncompetitively with the co-substrate (acetate or acetylphosphate). Excess free magnesium also inhibits the net reaction in both directions. The inhibition is not competitive with the phosphoryl donor (MgATP or acetylphosphate) but is competitive with respect to the phosphoryl acceptor (acetate or MgADP). A 50-fold increase in concentration of reactants at equilibrium in 0.1 M Tris/HCl, pH 7.4, at 25 degrees resulted in a rise to plateau levels of the acetate equilibrium acetylphosphate exchange rate (measured with [U-14C]acetate) and of the ATP equilibrium ADP exchange rate (measured with [U-14C]ADP and 10-fold higher than acetate equilibrium acetylphosphate), suggesting that there is no compulsory order of binding of magnesium nucleotide and co-substrate and that all chemical transformation steps cannot be much slower than the dissociation steps. The ATP equilibrium ADP exchange rate was independent of the presence or concentration of co-substrate, whereas the acetate equilibrium acetylphosphate exchange reaction occurred only in the presence of magnesium nucleotide, and the rate was directly related to the degree of saturation of enzyme with magnesium nucleotide. The independent ATP equilibrium ADP exchange, which presumably involves a phosphoenzyme intermediate, was progressively inhibited by increasingly elevated MgADP concentrations (when MgADP/MgATP greater than or equal 5), but increasing MgATP/MgADP was not inhibitory, suggesting that MgADP may bind to nonphosphorylated as well as phosphorylated enzyme, but that MgATP cannot bind to phosphorylated enzyme. While direct transfer of the phosphoryl group between nucleotide and co-substrate in a concerted mechanism has not been ruled out, an "activated ping pong" mechanism can also be proposed which is compatible with the isotopic exchange and initial net rate kinetic results. This mechanism includes a phosphoenzyme intermediate and requires enzyme-bount MgADP for phosphorylation of the enzyme by acetylphosphate.
A simultaneous space sampling method for DNA fraction collection using a comb structure in microfluidic devices (2011)

Fraction collection of selected components from a complex mixture plays a critical role in biomedical research, environmental analysis, and biotechnology. Here, we introduce a novel electrophoretic chip device based on a signal processing theorem that allows simultaneous space sampling for fractionation of ssDNA target fragments. Ten parallel extraction channels, which covered 1.5-mm-long sampling ranges, were used to facilitate the capturing of fast-moving fragments. Furthermore, the space sampling extraction made it possible to acquire pure collection, even from partly overlapping fragments that had been insufficiently separated after a short electrophoretic run. Fragments of 180, 181, and 182 bases were simultaneously collected, and then the recovered DNA was PCR amplified and assessed by CE analysis. The 181-base target was shown to be isolated in a 70-mm-long separation length within 10 min, in contrast to the >50 min required for the 300-mm-long separation channel in our previous study. This method provides effective combination of time and space, which is a breakthrough in the traditional concept of fraction collection on a chip.
Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Prophylactic Treatment of Transformed Migraine in Taiwanese Patients: A Review of 30 Consecutive Cases (2007)

Our results suggest that BoNT-A may be an effective prophylactic treatment for TM in Taiwanese patients. Interestingly, similar efficacy was demonstrated in TM patients with tender points compared to those without tender points when an additional dose of BoNT-A was injected into the tender muscles in the former.
Precomputing search features for fast and accurate query classification (2010)

Query intent classification is crucial for web search and advertising. It is known to be challenging because web queries contain less than three words on average, and so provide little signal to base classification decisions on. At the same time, the vocabulary used in search queries is vast: thus, classifiers based on word-occurrence have to deal with a very sparse feature space, and often require large amounts of training data. Prior efforts to address the issue of feature sparseness augmented the feature space using features computed from the results obtained by issuing the query to be classified against a web search engine. However, these approaches induce high latency, making them unacceptable in practice.
Facile synthesis of hybrid silica nanocapsules by interfacial templating condensation and their application in fluorescence imaging (2009)

A stable aqueous dispersion of hybrid silica nanocapsules encapsulating fluorescent conjugated polymers have been successfully synthesized via a facile and highly benign approach of templated condensation of silica precursors at the core-corona interface of PEO-based block copolymer micelles.