gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Speed High-Resolution Terahertz Time-Domain Spectrometer (2008)

본 논문에서 비동시성 광샘플링(asynchronous optical sampling; AOS) 방식을 이용하는 고속 고분해 테라헤르츠 시간영역 분광(terahertz time domain spectroscopy; THz-TDS)을 시연한다. 모터로 구동되는 선형 스테이지를 사용하지 않고, 약간 다른 반복 주파수를 갖는 두 대의 펨토초 레이저를 각각 테라헤르츠파 발생과 검출에 사용하여 고속으로 10 ns의 시간축 상의 신호를 획득하고 fast Fourier transformation(FFT)을 통하여 100 MHz의 주파수 분해능을 갖는 고분해 분광을 구현한다. Cross-correlation 방법에 의해 시간 분해능은 278 fs으로 측정되었다. 또한, 본 분광기를 이용하여 수증기의 투과 스펙트럼을 측정하고 흡수선들을 분석하였다. High-speed high-resolution terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is demonstrated using the asynchronous-opticalsampling (AOS) method. A time-domain signal with a 10-ns time window is rapidly acquired by using two femtosecond lasers with slightly different repetition frequencies to generate and detect a terahertz pulse wave, without a mechanical delay stage. The spectrum obtained by the fast Fourier transformation (FFT) of the time-domain waveform has a frequency resolution of 100 MHz. The time resolution of our spectrometer is measured using the cross-correlation method to be 278 fs. A transmission spectrum of water vapor is measured and the absorption lines are analyzed in the frequency range from 0.1 to 1.2 THz.
Is Interleukin 6 an Early Marker of Injury Severity Following Major Trauma in Humans? (2000)

To our knowledge, this is the first study that elucidates the changes in the IL-6 concentrations following major trauma in humans as early as at the scene of the unintentional injury. The results reveal an early increase of IL-6 immediately after trauma. Moreover, patients with the most severe injuries had the highest IL-6 plasma levels. There is strong evidence that systemic IL-6 plasma concentrations correlate with ISS values at hospital admission. Therefore, IL-6 release can be used to evaluate the impact of injury early regardless of the injury pattern.
Development of Miniature Mass Spectrometry Systems for Bioanalysis Outside The Conventional Laboratories (2014)

Mass spectrometry (MS) is known for highly specific and sensitive analysis. The general applicability of this technique makes it a good candidate for biological applications over a much broader range than is now the case. The limiting factors preventing MS from being applied at the biologist's bench or in a physician's office are identified as the large size of the systems, as well as the complicated analytical procedures required. An approach for developing miniature MS analysis systems with simplified operational procedures is described and the associated technical developments are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Ayurvedic Crude Drugs. Part 8. Shatavari‐2: Structure Elucidation of Bioactive Shatavarin‐I and Other Glycosides. (1988)

Abstract The title compound is shown to possess structure (I) by comparison with shatavarin‐IV and degradation products.
Cytoplasmic methionyl-tRNA synthetase from Bakers' yeast. A monomer with a post-translationally modified N terminus. (1985)

Methionyl-tRNA synthetase has been purified from a yeast strain carrying the MES1 structural gene on a high copy number plasmid (pFL1). The purified enzyme is a monomer of Mr = 85,000 in contrast to its counterpart from Escherichia coli which is a dimer made up of identical subunits (Mr = 76,000; Dardel, F., Fayat, G., and Blanquet, S. (1984) J. Bacteriol. 160, 1115-1122). The yeast enzyme was not amenable to Edman's degradation indicating a blocked NH2 terminus. Its primary structure as derived from the DNA sequence (Walter, P., Gangloff, J., Bonnet, J., Boulanger, Y., Ebel, J.P., and Fasiolo, F. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 2437-2441) has been confirmed using the fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometric method. This method was applied to tryptic digests of the carboxymethylated enzyme and the corresponding data provided extensive coverage of the translated DNA sequence, thus confirming its correctness. The ambiguity concerning which of the three NH2-terminally located methionine codons is the initiation codon was easily resolved from peptides identified in this region. It was possible to show that the first methionine had been removed and that the new NH2 terminus, serine, had been acetylated. A comparison between the yeast and E. coli sequences shows that the former has an N-terminal extension of about 200 residues as compared to the latter. It also lacks the C-terminal domain which is responsible for the dimerization of the E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase.
Stimulation of Tight Gas Reservoir using coupled Hydraulic and CO2 Cold-frac Technology (2012)

Abstract Conventional hydraulic fracture stimulation technique has been widely used to enhance the production from tight gas reservoirs. Success of this technique, however, substantially depends on fracturing fluids and it responses to fracturing fluid-in the treated formations. This technology predominantly has been used to stimulate the tight sandstone reservoir. There are very limited applications for low permeable tight carbonate reservoirs due to complexities associated with the physical and mechanical properties of carbonate rocks and its interaction with fracturing fluid. This study has been focused on the development of a new fracture stimulation technique especially for tight carbonate reservoir, where the fracture will be created by hydraulic pressure and cold CO2. This paper presents a numerical model that has been developed to simulate the stimulated fracture created by proposed technology with an emphasis on the evaluation of the relative permeability of supercritical CO2, brine/liquid CO2, created achieved fracture porosity and permeability; and the prediction of the production performance of stimulated fractures. Numerical simulation employing the development model has been conducted to: understand the science; investigate the thermo-hydro-fluid-mechanical behaviour; and identify the key parameters influencing the production performance for tight carbonate reservoirs using representative field data. The potential field application of the proposed technique for other formations such as tight sand and shale plays including adsorption effects on the shale and displacement efficiency of CO2 and advantages of this technique are also elaborated in this paper.
Detection of receptor-specific murine leukemia virus binding to cells by immunofluorescence analysis (1992)

Four classes of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) which display distinct cellular tropisms and bind to different retrovirus receptors to initiate virus infection have been described. In the present study, we describe a rapid, sensitive immunofluorescence assay useful for characterizing the initial binding of MuLV to cells. By using the rat monoclonal antibody 83A25 (L. H. Evans, R. P. Morrison, F. G. Malik, J. Portis, and W. J. Britt, J. Virol. 64:6176-6183, 1990), which recognizes an epitope of the envelope gp70 molecule common to the different classes of MuLV, it is possible to analyse the binding of ecotropic, amphotropic, or xenotropic MuLV by using only a single combination of primary and secondary antibodies. The MuLV binding detected by this assay is envelope receptor specific and matches the susceptibility to infection determined for cells from a variety of species. The binding of amphotropic MuLV to NIH 3T3 cells was shown to be rapid, saturable, and temperature dependent. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells normally lack the ability to bind ecotropic virus and are not infectible by ecotropic vectors. Expression of the cloned ecotropic retrovirus receptor gene (Rec) in CHO-K1 cells confers high levels of ecotropic virus-specific binding and confers susceptibility to infection. Characterization of MuLV binding to primary cells may provide insight into the infectibility of cells by retroviruses and aid in the selection of appropriate vectors for gene transfer experiments.
Mechanically robust superhydrophobicity on hierarchically structured Si surfaces (2010)

Improvement of the robustness of superhydrophobic surfaces is critical in order to achieve commercial applications of these surfaces in such diverse areas as self-cleaning, water repellency and corrosion resistance. In this study, the mechanical robustness of superhydrophobic surfaces was evaluated on hierarchically structured silicon surfaces. The effect of two-scale hierarchical structures on robustness was investigated using an abrasion test and the results compared to those of superhydrophobic surfaces fabricated from polymeric materials and from silicon that contains only nanostructures. Unlike the polymeric and nanostructure-only surfaces, the hierarchical structures retained superhydrophobic behavior after mechanical abrasion.
Hyperglycemia-Induced Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (2002)

Apoptosis has been observed in vascular cells, nerve, and myocardium of diabetic humans and experimental animals, although whether it contributes to or is a marker of complications in these tissues is unclear. Previous studies have shown that incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 30 vs. 5 mmol/l glucose for 72 h causes a significant increase in apoptosis, possibly related to an increase in oxidative stress. We report here that this increase in apoptosis (assessed morphologically by TdT-mediated dUTP nick- end labeling staining) is preceded (24 h of incubation) by inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, by increases in diacylglycerol synthesis, the concentration of malonyl CoA, and caspase-3 activity, and by decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP content. In addition, the phosphorylation of Akt in the presence of 150 microU/ml insulin was impaired. No increases in ceramide content or its de novo synthesis were observed. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was not diminished; however, incubation with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside increased AMPK activity twofold and completely prevented all of these changes. Likewise, expression of a constitutively active AMPK in HUVEC prevented the increase in caspase-3 activity. The results indicate that alterations in fatty-acid metabolism, impaired Akt activation by insulin, and increased caspase-3 activity precede visible evidence of apoptosis in HUVEC incubated in a hyperglycemic medium. They also suggest that AMPK could play an important role in protecting the endothelial cell against the adverse effects of sustained hyperglycemia.
Influence of Bcl-2 Family Members on the Cellular Response of Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines to ABT-737 (2007)

ABT-737 is a novel and potent Bcl-2 antagonist with single-agent activity against small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines. Here, we evaluated the contribution of Bcl-2 family members to the in vitro cellular response of several SCLC cell lines to ABT-737. Relatively higher levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), Bim and Noxa, and lower levels of Mcl-1 characterized naïve SCLC cell lines that were sensitive to ABT-737. Conversely, a progressive decrease in the relative levels of Bcl-2 and Noxa and a progressive increase in Mcl-1 levels characterized the increased resistance of H146 cells following chronic exposure to ABT-737. Knockdown of Mcl-1 with small interfering RNA sensitized two resistant SCLC cell lines H196 and DMS114 to ABT-737 by enhancing the induction of apoptosis. Likewise, up-regulation of Noxa sensitized H196 cells to ABT-737. Combination treatment with DNA-damaging agents was extremely synergistic with ABT-737 and was associated with the down-regulation of Mcl-1 and the up-regulation of Noxa, Puma, and Bim in H196 cells. Thus, SCLC cells sensitive to ABT-737 expressed the target proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L), whereas Mcl-1 and factors regulating Mcl-1 function seem to contribute to the overall resistance of SCLC cells to ABT-737. Overall, these observations provide further insight as to the mechanistic bases for ABT-737 efficacy in SCLC and will be helpful for profiling patients and aiding in the rational design of combination therapies.
Synthesis and structural characterization by x-ray diffraction and EPR single-crystal techniques of (dichloro)bis(.eta.5-methylcyclopentadienyl)vanadium and (dichloro)bis(.eta.5-methylcyclopentadienyl)titanium. Spatial distribution of the unpaired electron in a V(.eta.5-C5H5)2L2-type complex (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and structural characterization by x-ray diffraction and EPR single-crystal techniques of (dichloro)bis(.eta.5-methylcyclopentadienyl)vanadium and (dichloro)bis(.eta.5-methylcyclopentadienyl)titanium. Spatial distribution of the unpaired electron in a V(.eta.5-C5H5)2L2-type complexJeffrey L. Petersen and Lawrence F. DahlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 22, 6422–6433Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00855a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00855a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views294Altmetric-Citations147LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Organic Thin-Film Transistors Based on Blends of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Polystyrene with a Solubility-Induced Low Percolation Threshold (2009)

We have demonstrated that organic thin-film transistors based on blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and polystyrene (PS) with high performance and low percolation threshold can be facilely fabricated by changing the solubility of solvent and the aging time of the precursor solution. The structural analysis reveals that these benefits arise from the improvements of both the crystallinity and connectivity of P3HT phase in the blend. In the case of crystallinity, we found that because of the solubility-aging-induced formation of ordered precursors, the molecular ordering of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) phase in the blend films increases, and thus the electronic properties of field-effect transistors (FETs) based on these films are significantly improved. For the connectivity, we found that either bilayered structure or highly connected P3HT nanofibrillar network could form in the blend by changing the solubility of the solvent. Both structures are extremely beneficial to keeping connectivity of active channels and thus keeping the charge-transport properties at low semiconductor content. By optimizing the conditions, the devices based on P3HT/PS blend films containing only 1 wt % P3HT can still show field-effect mobility as high as 1 × 10−2 cm2V−1 s−1, which is comparable with that obtained from the pristine P3HT film.
2'-O, 4'-C-Ethylene-bridged nucleic acids (ENA) with nuclease-resistance and high affnity for RNA (2001)

Novel nucleosides, 2'-O,4'-C-ethylene nucleosides and their corresponding phosphoramidites, were synthesized as building blocks for antisense oligonucleotides. The 2'-O,4'-C-ethylene linkage of these nucleosides, as well as the linkage of 2'-O,4'-C-methylene nucleosides which are known as bridged nucleic acids (BNA) or locked nucleic acids (LNA), restricts the sugar puckering to the N-conformation. The ethylene-bridged nucleic acids (ENA) showed a high binding affinity for the complementary RNA strand (delta Tm = degrees C/modification) and were approximately 400 and 80 times more nuclease-resistant than natural DNA and BNA/LNA, respectively. These results indicate that ENA have better antisense activity than BNA/LNA.
Altered intestinal permeability is predictive of early relapse in children with steroid‐responsive ulcerative colitis (2007)

Abnormal small intestinal permeability in children with ulcerative colitis could predict a more relapsing disease.
The Neurology of Aids (1997)

New Insights in the Neurological and Neurospychiatric Manifestations of HIV: An Expert Panel Discussion. HIV and the Brain: Current Issues and Controversies, An Introduction. Howard E. Gendelman, Stuart Lipton, Leon Epstein, Susan Swindells Section One: Laboratory and Animal Model Studies of HIV-1 Neuropathogenesis. 1: The Molecular Biology of HIV-1. Mario Stevenson, William O'Brien 2: Viral Receptors and Cellular Mechanisms of HIV-1 Entry into the Central Nervous System. Francisco Gonzalez-Scarano, Dennis Kolson, Andrew V. Albright 3: HIV-1 Entry into the Brain: Mechanisms for the Infilration of HIV-1- Macrophages Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. Hans Nottet, Subhash Dhawan 4: Mononuclear Phagocyte Heterogeneity and the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Model for HIV-1 Neuropathogenesis. William Hickey, Kenneth C. Williams 5: HIV Infection of the Brain: Viruses, Cytokines and Immune Regulatory Factors Associated with Dementia. Diane E. Griffin 6: Laboratory Model Systems for Microglia HIV-1 Interactions. Anuja Ghorpade 7: Macrophages in HIV CNS Disease: Microglia as Reservoirs and Perpetrators of HIV CNS Disease. Dennis Dickson 8: Neurotoxins from HIV-1 Infected Mononuclear Phagocytes. Dana Giulian, Christine A. Noonan 9: Neuroimmunological Mechanisms for Disease in AIDS: The Role of the Astrocyte Etty N. Benveniste, Protul Shrikant, Holly K. Patton, Dale J. Benos 10: Astrocytes as Mediators of CNS Injury in AIDS Katherine Conant, Eugene O. Major 11: Transgenic Models to Assess the Pathogenic Potential of Viral Products in HIV-1 Associated CNS Disease. Stephanie M. Toggas, Lennart Mucke 12: Murine Model Systems for the HIV-Associated Congnitive Motor Complex. Yuri Persidsky, William Tyor 13: Neurological Disease Produced by Visna Maedi and Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Viruses, Lentiviruses of Sheep and Goats. Neal Nathanson 14: The HIV/Macaque Model: Unraveling the Mysteries of HIV Encephalitis. Christine Zink, D.L. Carter, M.T. Flaherty, J.L. Mankowski, Janice Clements 15: The SIV-Infected Rhesus Monkey Model for HIV-Associated Encephalopathy in Humans. Lee E. Eiden, Elisabeth A. Murray, Dianne M. Rausch 16: JC Virus and the Molecular Pathogenesis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. Gary L. Gallia, Sidney A. Houff, Kamel Khalili Section Two: Clinical Aspects of HIV Infection of the Nervous System in Adult Subjects. 17: Clinical and Biological Features of the AIDS Dementia Complex. Bradford A. Navia, Richard W. Price 18: HIV-Associated Neuropathology. Herbert Budka 19: Neuronal Injury and Apoptosis. Ian P. Everall, Francoise Gray, Eliezer Masliah 20: Peripheral Neuropathies Associated with HIV Infection. John W. Griffin, Thomas O. Crawford, Justin C. McArthur 21: Myopathy in HIV Infection. Michele Tagliati, Susan Morgello, David M. Simpson 22: Neurologic Opportunistic Infections in AIDS. Bruce A. Cohen, Joseph R. Berger 23: Structural, Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging in AIDS.
Belonging to Law (2014)

This article examines the appeal to law as the basis for civic identity and political belonging under conditions of religious diversity. Beginning by assessing the descriptive utility of the concept of ‘secularism’, the article argues that secularism is best approached as a repertoire of moves available in negotiating the relationship between religion and political authority, focusing then on one such move evident in the contemporary project of liberal secularism: the assertion, in the face of the challenges posed by religious diversity, that to belong to the political community means, above all else, to belong to law. This shift of ‘obedience to the law’ to the diagnostic center of civic belonging is explored by turning to two case studies drawn from the legal encounter with Islam in Canada: the debate over official recognition of Sharia law and controversies surrounding the niqab. Having assessed the implications that this move has for the understanding and management of religious difference, the article explains the attractiveness of this symbolic appeal to law – whereby law begins to stand as a kind of synecdoche for the secular state – and assesses the effect of this alignment of law and belonging on the politics of religious diversity.
Silicon-Based Chemical Microsensors and Microsystems (1994)

A three-dimensional modular concept for miniaturization of flow systems for chemical analysis is presented. The system uses silicon micromachined flow manifolds and pumps in combination with electrochemical sensors or optical detection. Applications range from simple ion concentration measurements with ISFETs to a multi-step chemical analysis of phosphate. Miniaturization of the flow manifolds leads to simply constructed, compact systems in which reagent consumption is substantially reduced.
Expression and characterization of recombinant soluble human CD3 molecules: presentation of antigenic epitopes defined on the native TCR–CD3 complex (2002)

The TCR-CD3 complex consists of the clonotypic disulfide-linked TCRalphabeta or TCRdeltagamma heterodimers, and the invariant CD3delta, epsilon, gamma and zeta chains. We generated plasmid constructs expressing the extracellular domains of the CD3delta, epsilon or gamma subunits fused to human IgG1 Fc. Recombinant fusion proteins consisting of individual CD3delta, epsilon or gamma subunits reacted poorly with anti-CD3 mAb including G19-4, BC3, OKT3 and 64.1. Co-expression of the CD3epsilon-Ig with either the CD3delta-Ig (CD3epsilondelta-Ig) or the CD3gamma-Ig (CD3epsilongamma-Ig) resulted in fusion proteins with much increased binding to G19-4. A brief acid treatment of the purified CD3epsilondelta-Ig fusion protein substantially improved its binding to BC3, OKT3 and 64.1. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that the dissociation constants for CD3epsilondelta-Ig and anti-CD3 mAb ranged from 10(-8) to 10(-9) M. Based on these results, a single-chain (sc) construct encoding the CD3delta chain linked to the CD3epsilon chain with a flexible linker followed by human IgG1 Fc was expressed. The sc CD3deltaepsilon-scIg reacted with anti-CD3 mAb without requiring acid treatment. Moreover, anti-CD3 mAb bound CD3epsilondelta-Ig at a higher affinity than CD3epsilongamma-Ig, suggesting potential structural differences between the CD3epsilondelta and CD3epsilongamma subunits. In summary, we report the expression of soluble recombinant CD3 proteins that demonstrate structural characteristics of the native CD3 complex expressed on the T cell surface. These CD3 fusion proteins can be used to further analyze the structure of the TCR-CD3 complex, and to identify molecules that can interfere with TCR-CD3-mediated signal transduction by disrupting the interaction between CD3 and TCR subunits.
Adaptive Neural Compilation (2016)

This paper proposes an adaptive neural-compilation framework to address the problem of efficient program learning. Traditional code optimisation strategies used in compilers are based on applying pre-specified set of transformations that make the code faster to execute without changing its semantics. In contrast, our work involves adapting programs to make them more efficient while considering correctness only on a target input distribution. Our approach is inspired by the recent works on differentiable representations of programs. We show that it is possible to compile programs written in a low-level language to a differentiable representation. We also show how programs in this representation can be optimised to make them efficient on a target distribution of inputs. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach enables learning specifically-tuned algorithms for given data distributions with a high success rate.