gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fiberoptic Thermometry and its Applications (1987)

This paper reviews briefly the reasons for interest in fiberoptic thermometry and the various types of fiberoptic temperature sensors which have been developed to the point of commercialization. It then focuses on a particular technology in which the rate of decay of fluorescence from a phosphor sensor is utilized to determine temperature. This technology provides essentially calibration-free operation and easy interchangeability of a wide variety of applications-specific probe types. After describing the available systems, the paper addressed briefly a number of key applications including usage in high voltage transformers, industrial microwave heating applications, electromagnetically-induced hyperthermia, electronics fabrication and testing and magnetic resonance.
Frequency‐independent features of self‐similar fractal antennas (1996)

A generalized approach to the study of frequency‐independent antennas is presented which relies on the recently developed theory of fractal geometry. It is demonstrated that this fractal geometric interpretation allows for the ability to characterize a much wider class of frequency‐independent antennas. This includes radiating structures which are self‐similar in the discrete sense, the smooth sense, and even the “rough” sense. The antenna configurations in this paper are all self‐similar and have been parameterized in terms of a common similarity factor of τ. Finally, it is shown how this new theory of self‐similar fractal radiators may be employed to develop a multiband linear array design methodology for which the directive gain is a log‐periodic function of frequency.
Highly Enantioselective Phase-Transfer Catalytic Alkylation in the Preparation of Non-natural α-Amino Acids via Solid Phase Synthesis Using Aldimine Linker (2005)

A new Merrifield-resin-derived glycinimine tert-butyl ester (9) was prepared and applied to the enantioselective synthesis of non-natural alpha-amino acids. High enantioselectivities (86 to >99% ee) were accomplished by employing the aldimine linker under phase-transfer alkylation conditions, using 50% aqueous CsOH in toluene/chloroform (7:3) at 0 degrees C in the presence of N-(9-anthracenylmethyl)-O(9)-allylcinchonidium bromide (10 mol %).
Insulin sources and types: a review of insulin in terms of its mode on diabetes mellitus (2014)

Insulin is involved in regulation of glucose utilization in the body. Inability of the body to synthesize insulin of human cells resistance to insulin leads to a condition called Diabetes mellitus which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. There are two types of diabetes; type 1 and type 2. Exogenous supply of insulin is needed consistently for type 1 diabetes treatment and type 2 diabetes also needs to be cured by the exogenous supply of insulin in advance stages of the disease. These sources have been proved very useful to meet the needs of the patients. However, these insulin types are expensive for the large population of patients in the developing countries. Furthermore, the incidence of diabetes is advancing at an alarming rate. Hence production systems with even higher capabilities of production are desired. Therefore, currently plants are being investigated as alternative production systems. Based on the mode of action of insulin various formulations of insulin have been developed that have different onset of action, peak effect and duration of action according to the needs of the patients.
A Peptide Nucleic Acid Embedding a Pseudopeptide Nuclear Localization Sequence in the Backbone Behaves as a Peptide Mimic (2010)

Abstract In this paper, the synthesis of a short modified peptide nucleic acid (PNA), obtained by using several different L ‐amino acids as synthons, is shown. The synthesis was performed by a submonomeric strategy, obtaining a model trimeric PNA containing embedded amino acid derived side chains in its backbone that mimic the peptide sequence PKKKRKV, which is a nuclear localization signal (NLS) widely used for translocating cargo molecules into cell nuclei. Fluorescence experiments demonstrated that this modified PNA, and not a standard unmodified PNA having the same nucleobase sequence, was able to penetrate Rhabdomyosarcoma cellnuclei, exactly behaving as the NLS standard peptide.
Natural products of marine sponges. 7. The constitution of weakly basic guanidine compounds, dibromophakellin and monobromophakellin (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNatural products of marine sponges. 7. The constitution of weakly basic guanidine compounds, dibromophakellin and monobromophakellinG. Sharma and B. Magdoff-FairchildCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 25, 4118–4124Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00445a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00445a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views559Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Midazolam‐Ketamine Combination for Moderate Sedation in Upper GI Endoscopy (2011)

Our data suggest that synergistic sedation with oral ketamine and IV midazolam for UGIE in children is a suitable and safe sedation. The higher rate of vomiting in group B in contrast to previous studies must be caused mainly by the oral route of ketamine administration.
Data management in home scenarios using an autonomic ontology-based approach (2012)

An ontology-based approach to deal with data and management procedure integration in home-based scenarios is presented in this paper. The proposed ontology not only provides a means to represent exchanged data but also to unify the way of accessing, controlling, evaluating and transferring information remotely. The structure of this ontology has been inspired by the autonomic computing paradigm, thus it describes the tasks that comprise the MAPE (Monitor, Analyze, Plan and Execute) process. Furthermore the use of SPARQL (Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language) is proposed in this paper to express conditions and rules that determine the performance of these tasks according to each situation. Finally two practical application cases of the proposed ontology-based approach are presented.
Constitutive and induced expression of the individual HLA-DR beta and alpha chain loci in different cell types (1988)

The HLA-DR subregion of the human major histocompatibility complex encodes molecules involved in the regulation of the immune response. These HLA class II molecules are transmembrane heterodimers composed of an alpha and a beta chain. The polymorphic beta chains are encoded by multiple, highly homologous loci, whereas the alpha chain is encoded by a single, nonpolymorphic locus. HLA-DR is expressed constitutively on B lymphocytes and on activated T lymphocytes. It can also be induced by interferon-gamma on most nonlymphoid cells. In a quantitative study of the expression of the individual DR beta chain loci, we have investigated: the levels of mRNA transcripts of the two functional DR beta loci (beta I and beta III) in B cells of various haplotypes; whether both beta chain loci are expressed in activated T cells and, if so, the level of expression of each; whether both loci are expressed in interferon-gamma-induced nonlymphoid cells. This analysis relied on locus-specific DR beta chain oligonucleotide probes. Expression of both the beta I and the beta III loci was observed in all cell types and in all haplotypes tested. In every case the amount of beta I mRNA was about 5 times higher than that of beta III mRNA. This indicates a controlled and coordinated regulation of the mRNA levels of these two HLA-DR loci under all conditions of major histocompatibility complex class II gene expression.
Biochemical individuality and the recognition of personal profiles with a computer. (1980)

Abstract Multitest analysis of an individual's blood provides a biochemical profile that reflects his identity and pathophysiological state. During a six-week period we repeatedly profiled 10 volunteers for 22 different analytes, using continuous-flow and discrete analyzers (SMAC, KA 150 enzyme analyzer, ABA-100, AutoAnalyzers) and manual procedures. Two years later, we obtained multiple follow-up profiles. Using linear discriminant functions derived from the first five (or first 10) specimens from each subject, we were able correctly to identify 96% (or 100%) of the specimens collected during the remainder of the six-week testing period. Ninety percent of the two-year follow-up specimens were correctly identified when we used all the original profiles to calculate the discriminant functions. Deliberately mislabeled specimens were also correctly identified by discriminant analysis. Profiles of individual samples (and average profiles for each subject) were graphically displayed as computer-drawn faces and non-linear maps. Covariances between pairs of tests on repeated profiles differed significantly for different subjects. Inter-test relationships were graphically displayed by nonlinear mapping.
Synthesis and in Vitro Characterization of an ABC Triblock Copolymer for siRNA Delivery (2007)

The ability to specifically down-regulate gene expression using the RNAi pathway in mammalian cells has tremendous potential in therapy and in basic science. However, delivery systems capable of efficient and biocompatible delivery of siRNA to target cells are not yet satisfactory. Here, we report the synthesis and in vitro characterization of ABC triblock copolymers that self-assemble with siRNA based on electrostatics and with each other by hydrophobic interactions. The ABC triblock copolymer is based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS), and a positively charged peptide (PEG-PPS-peptide). The diblock copolymer PEG(45)-PPS(5,10) was synthesized using anionic polymerization of propylene sulfide upon a PEG macroinitiator, and the peptide domain was coupled to the PPS terminus using a disulfide exchange reaction with an N-terminal cysteine residue on the peptide. The peptides were designed to interact electrostatically with siRNA, selecting the TAT peptide domain of HIV (RKKRRQRRR) and an oligolysine (Lys(9)). The resulting triblock copolymers were able to self-assemble with siRNA as demonstrated by dynamic light scattering and gel electrophoresis. Complex size was found to be dependent on the amount of polymer used (charge ratio) and the length of the hydrophobic PPS block, achieving sizes ranging from 171 nm to 601 nm. Cell internalization and gene expression down-regulation studies showed that the triblock copolymers are able to transport siRNA inside the cell and mediate gene expression down-regulation, with the amount of internalization and gene transfer affected by charge ratio, PPS length, and the presence of serum. The proposed triblock was able to mediate gene expression down-regulation of GAPDH, achieving up to 90.5% +/- 0.02% down-regulation.
Overcoming memory limitations in high-throughput event-based applications (2013)

The last decade has witnessed the emergence of business critical applications processing streaming data for domains as diverse as credit card fraud detection, real-time recommendation systems, call-center monitoring, ad selection, network monitoring, and more. Most of those applications need to compute hundreds or thousands of metrics continuously while coping with very high event input rates. As a consequence, large amounts of state (i.e., moving windows) need to be maintained, very often exceeding the available memory resources. Nonetheless, current event processing platforms have little or no memory management capabilities, hanging or simply crashing when memory is exhausted. In this paper we report our experience in using secondary storage for solving the performance problems of memory-constrained event processing applications. For that, we propose SlideM, a novel buffer management algorithm that exploits the access pattern of sliding windows in order to efficiently handle memory shortages. The proposed algorithm was implemented in a real stream processing engine and validated through an extensive experimental performance evaluation. Results corroborate the efficacy of the approach: the system was able to sustain very high input rates (up to 300,000 events per second) for very large windows (about 30GB) while consuming small amounts of main memory (few kilobytes).
Heterologous Boosting of Recombinant Adenoviral Prime Immunization With a Novel Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–vectored Tuberculosis Vaccine (2008)

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious health problem worldwide. Effective vaccination strategies are needed. We report the development of a novel TB vaccine using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as a viral vector system to express Ag85A. VSVAg85A was shown to be immunogenic when given to mice by either an intranasal or an intramuscular (i.m.) route. Although distinct T-cell profiles resulted from both routes of immunization, only intranasal delivery generated a mucosal T-cell response that was protective upon pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) challenge. While this protection manifested at an early time-point after immunization, it was not sustained. The potential of VSVAg85A to be used as a mucosal booster for parenteral priming by an adenoviral TB vaccine expressing Ag85A (AdAg85A) was investigated. VSVAg85A immunization markedly boosted antigen-specific T-cell responses in the airway lumen while also augmenting immune activation in the systemic compartment, after AdAg85A priming. This translated into significantly better protective efficacy against pulmonary challenge with M.tb than either vaccine used alone. Our study therefore suggests that VSV as a vector system is a promising candidate to be used in a heterologous viral prime-boost immunization regimen against intracellular bacterial infection.
An iterative Kalman smoother for robust 3D localization on mobile and wearable devices (2015)

In this paper, we introduce an Iterative Kalman Smoother (IKS) for tracking the 3D motion of a mobile device in real-time using visual and inertial measurements. In contrast to existing Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based approaches, smoothing can better approximate the underlying nonlinear system and measurement models by re-linearizing them. Additionally, by iteratively optimizing over all measurements available, the IKS increases the convergence rate of critical parameters (e.g., IMU-camera clock drift) and improves the positioning accuracy during challenging conditions (e.g., scarcity of visual features). Furthermore, and in contrast to existing inverse filters, the proposed IKS's numerical stability allows for efficient 32-bit implementations on resource-constrained devices, such as cell phones and wearables. We validate the IKS for performing vision-aided inertial navigation on Google Glass, a wearable device with limited sensing and processing, and demonstrate positioning accuracy comparable to that achieved on cell phones. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first proof-of-concept real-time 3D indoor localization system on a commercial-grade wearable computer.
Embryogenic cell suspensions from the male flower of Musa AAA cv. Grand nain (1996)

There are very few reports on the establishment of long‐term embryogenic cell cultures of banana, especially of triploid cultivars of commercial interest. Embryogenic cell suspensions were prepared using the cultivar Grand nain, the most widely grown dessert banana in the world. After culture for 5 or 6 months of immature male flowerbuds adjacent to the floral apex, yellow, compact calluses and white, friable embryogenic tissues were induced. Suspension cultures were initiated from embryogenic tissues placed in liquid medium. The packed cell volume (PCV) of the suspensions increased 2‐ to 5‐ fold with each monthly culture cycle. Plating of the embryogenic suspensions resulted in approximately 370×10 3 embryos per ml of PCV. Depending on the size of embryos, 3 to 20% germination was observed. A histological survey of cell suspensions and embryo development was carried out. Cellular aggregates with cells displaying typical embryogenic features were formed. Most of the somatic embryos were probably of unicellular origin.
Electroporation-induced changes in normal immature rat myoblasts (H9C2) (2012)

Application of a high electric field causes an electric shock to the heart. This is utilized in defibrillation to reestablish normal contraction rhythms during dangerous arrhythmias or in cardiac arrest. If shock-induced transmembrane potentials are large enough, they can cause tissue destruction due to irreversible electroporation (EP). Also electrochemotherapy of nearby tissues may have an adverse effect on the heart. Herein, we present experimental data on effects of electroporation in culture of cardiac cells (H9C2). The electric field was applied in short pulses of 25-3250 V/cm, 50 µs each. The viability of cells was tested by MTT assay after 24 hours. For detection of DNA fragmentation, associated with apoptosis, alkaline and neutral comet assays were performed after EP. Additionally phase contrast images of cells obtained directly after EP were analyzed. Although cell images indicated disruption of cell membranes after EP with high intensities, only a few percent of apoptotic cells and no necrotic effects in the cell nucleus could be observed in comet assay tests performed 2 hours post EP. MTT viability test showed that pulse intensities above 375 V/cm are destructive for myocytes viability.
An ultra-low-load penetration hardness tester (1982)

An ultra-low-load penetration hardness tester which operates at loads of up to 3 mN with a resolution of 10 mu N is described. It is capable of producing a continuous record of the penetration depth of the indenter and the resolution of the depth measurement is estimated to be 5 nm. A hardness value is deduced from the applied load and the penetration depth, which may be less than 0.1 mu m. The ability of the machine to obtain information on on-load hardness, off-load hardness, elasticity, adhesion and load-dependent effects is demonstrated. The authors describe a study of the properties of a soft metal (indium) and thereby show how the types of measurement obtained are related to conventional microhardness measurements.
High-current Y-Ba-Cu-O coated conductor using metal organic chemical-vapor deposition and ion-beam-assisted deposition (2001)

YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ (YBCO) films have been deposited on buffered metal substrates by metal organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD). Nickel alloy substrates with biaxially-textured yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) buffer layers deposited by ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) were used. A liquid-static precursor delivery system was designed, constructed, and used in the MOCVD facility at Intermagnetics for the reported work. At 77 K, under self-field conditions, we achieved a critical current (I/sub c/) of 97.5 A in YBCO film grown by MOCVD on an IBAD substrate. This I/sub c/ corresponds to a critical current density of 1.3 MA/cm/sup 2/ and 130 A/cm width of tape.
Synthesis and evaluation of 1- and 2-substituted fentanyl analogs for opioid activity (1983)

We synthesized fentanyl analogues that possess key groups common to the opioid peptides to investigate whether or not these two classes of compounds interact with common subsites on opioid receptors. The design of the analogues was based on the possibility of structural analogy between the two aromatic rings of fentanyl and the Tyr1 and Phe4 residues of the opioid peptides. The synthesized compounds showed very weak or no opioid activity as tested in the electrically stimulated longitudinal muscle of the guinea pig ileum or mouse vas deferens preparations. These results, together with those of reported studies, suggest that fentanyl and the opioid peptides interact with different subsites on either mu or sigma receptors. Studies using the irreversible mu opioid receptor antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine, indicate that fentanyl interacts preferentially with mu opioid receptors.
A serpin‐induced extensive proteolytic susceptibility of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator implicates distortion of the proteinase substrate‐binding pocket and oxyanion hole in the serpin inhibitory mechanism (2001)

The formation of stable complexes between serpins and their target serine proteinases indicates formation of an ester bond between the proteinase active-site serine and the serpin P1 residue [Egelund, R., Rodenburg, K.W., Andreasen, P.A., Rasmussen, M.S., Guldberg, R.E. & Petersen, T.E. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 6375-6379]. An important question concerning serpin inhibition is the contrast between the stability of the ester bond in the complex and the rapid hydrolysis of the acyl-enzyme intermediate in general serine proteinase-catalysed peptide bond hydrolysis. To answer this question, we used limited proteolysis to detect conformational differences between free urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA in complex with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Whereas the catalytic domain of free uPA, pro-uPA, uPA in complex with non-serpin inhibitors and anhydro-uPA in a non-covalent complex with PAI-1 was resistant to proteolysis, the catalytic domain of PAI-1-complexed uPA was susceptible to proteolysis. The cleavage sites for four different proteinases were localized in specific areas of the C-terminal beta-barrel of the catalytic domain of uPA, providing evidence that the serpin inhibitory mechanism involves a serpin-induced massive rearrangement of the proteinase active site, including the specificity pocket, the oxyanion hole, and main-chain binding area, rendering the proteinase unable to complete the normal hydrolysis of the acyl-enzyme intermediate. The distorted region includes the so-called activation domain, also known to change conformation on zymogen activation.
Comparative analysis of herpesvirus–common proteins (2007)

Despite the evolutionary and biological divergence represented by the nine human herpesviruses that have been classified into three broad subgroups, a large number of herpesvirus-common (core) gene products are evolutionarily conserved (Table 4.1 see chapter 2). These appear to carry out functions upon which every herpesvirus relies because all exhibit a common virion structure, a core genome replication process, and similar entry and egress pathways. These herpesvirus common functions are most often recognized through deduced protein sequence similarity that extends throughout alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesviruses subfamilies infecting mammals, reptiles and birds (see Chapter 2, Table 2.2). These herpesviruses exhibit conservation that suggests a shared common ancestor at least 50 million years ago. Other evolutionarily distant herpesviruses infecting fish, amphibians, and invertebrates share less similarity with these better-studied herpesviruses, suggesting a common evolutionary origin dating back over 150 million years. In the more distant relatives, a common virion structure, genome organization and similarity across a small subset herpesvirus-common gene products provide the evidence of a common origin.