gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of porous coatings in a weight-bearing total hip-arthroplasty model. (1986)

The purposes of this study were to compare ingrowth of bone into three types of porous coating and to determine the effect of the type of porous coating and the degree of coverage of the stem on the remodeling of bone on the femoral side in cementless hip arthroplasty. A left total hip arthroplasty was performed in forty dogs. Thirty of the dogs had a titanium-alloy femoral prosthesis that had had one of three types of commercially pure titanium porous material applied along the length of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the stem: ten with sintered fiber-metal, ten with sintered beads, and ten with plasma flame-spray coating. The remaining ten dogs had a femoral component that was circumferentially coated with commercially pure titanium that was plasma flame-sprayed along the length of the stem. In each group, five animals were killed at one month and five were killed at six months. Ingrowth of bone into all three types of porous coating was observed, indicating secure fixation of all components. By six months, there was more ingrowth of bone and new medullary bone adjacent to the proximal and distal aspects of the stems compared with the middle level of the stems in all groups. No significant difference in ingrowth of bone was observed in the beaded surface (25.2 per cent) and the fiber-metal surface (16.6 per cent) at one month, but at six months there was significantly less ingrowth into the beaded surface (23.3 per cent) than into the fiber-metal surface (37.3 per cent). In all groups, a proximal-to-distal gradient of loss of cortical bone was observed by six months. The group of dogs that had the stem with the circumferential coating experienced more severe loss of bone than did the three groups that had a stem with a partial coating. The magnitude of loss of bone was dependent on the extent rather than the type of porous coating.
Automated Biometrics: Technologies and Systems (2000)

Biometrics-based authentication and identification are emerging as the most reliable method to authenticate and identify individuals. Biometrics requires that the person to be identified be physically present at the point-of-identification and relies on 'something which you are or you do' to provide better security, increased efficiency, and improved accuracy. Automated biometrics deals with physiological or behavioral characteristics such as fingerprints, signature, palmprint, iris, hand, voice and face that can be used to authenticate a person's identity or establish an identity from a database. With rapid progress in electronic and Internet commerce, there is also a growing need to authenticate the identity of a person for secure transaction processing. Designing an automated biometrics system to handle large population identification, accuracy and reliability of authentication are challenging tasks. Currently, there are over ten different biometrics systems that are either widely used or under development. Some automated biometrics, such as fingerprint identification and speaker verification, have received considerable attention over the past 25 years, and some issues like face recognition and iris-based authentication have been studied extensively resulting in successful development of biometrics systems in commercial applications. However, very few books are exclusively devoted to such issues of automated biometrics. Automated Biometrics: Technologies and Systems systematically introduces the technologies and systems, and explores how to design the corresponding systems with in-depth discussion. The issues addressed in this book are highly relevant to many fundamental concerns of both researchers and practitioners of automated biometrics in computer and system security
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein induces bone formation. (1990)

We have purified and characterized active recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2A. Implantation of the recombinant protein in rats showed that a single BMP can induce bone formation in vivo. A dose-response and time-course study using the rat ectopic bone formation assay revealed that implantation of 0.5-115 micrograms of partially purified recombinant human BMP-2A resulted in cartilage by day 7 and bone formation by day 14. The time at which bone formation occurred was dependent on the amount of BMP-2A implanted; at high doses bone formation could be observed at 5 days. The cartilage- and bone-inductive activity of the recombinant BMP-2A is histologically indistinguishable from that of bone extracts. Thus, recombinant BMP-2A has therapeutic potential to promote de novo bone formation in humans.
Management of pain associated with debridement of leg ulcers: a randomized, multicentre, pilot study comparing nitrous oxide–oxygen mixture inhalation and lidocaïne–prilocaïne cream (2010)

This pilot study demonstrates the superiority of the LPC over NOOM for pain control during the mechanical debridement of chronic leg ulcers.
Purification and characterization of a Shiga toxin A subunit-CD4 fusion protein cytotoxic to human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells (1995)

In a previous paper, we reported that a chimeric toxin composed of the enzymatic domain of the Shiga toxin A polypeptide (StxA1) genetically fused to the human CD4 (hCD4) molecule selectively kills cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Although other hCD4-containing chimeras cytotoxic to HIV-infected cells have been developed, there is limited information regarding their receptor binding and internalization. Therefore, the goals of this study were to purify the StxA1-hCD4 fusion protein, identify the receptor(s), and investigate the cytosolic trafficking route used by the chimeric toxin. Sufficient quantities of the StxA1-hCD4 hybrid were isolated for this investigation by using the pET expression and purification system. Cos-1 cells were rendered sensitive to the StxA1-hCD4 chimera by transfection with the env gene, which encodes HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. The entry and translocation pathway used by the StxA1-hCD4 hybrid toxin was investigated by assessing the protective capacities of chemical reagents which interfere with microfilament movement, acidification of endosomes, and the integrity of the Golgi apparatus. Our findings indicated that the chimera uses HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120, and perhaps gp41, as a receptor which directs its entry through receptor cycling. Uptake is pH independent, and the StxA1-hCD4 hybrid is apparently translocated to the Golgi complex as with other bipartite toxins.
Improving Linear Test Data Compression (2006)

The output space of a linear decompressor must be sufficiently large to contain all the test cubes in the test set. The ideas proposed in this paper transform the output space of a linear decompressor so as to reduce the number of inputs required thereby increasing compression while still keeping all the test cubes in the output space. Scan inversion is used to invert a subset of the scan cells while reconfiguration modifies the linear decompressor. Any existing method for designing a linear decompressor (either combinational or sequential) can be used first to obtain the best linear decompressor that it can. Using that linear decompressor as a starting point, the proposed methods improve the compression further. The key property of scan inversion is that it is a linear transformation of the output space and, thus, the output space remains a linear subspace spanned by a Boolean matrix. Using this property, a systematic procedure based on linear algebra is described for selecting the set of inverting scan cells to maximize compression. A symbolic Gaussian elimination method to solve a constrained Boolean matrix is proposed and utilized for reconfiguring the linear decompressor. The proposed schemes can be utilized in various design flow scenarios and require no or very little hardware overhead. Experiments indicate that significant improvements in compression can be achieved
Identification of the timing of S phase and the patterns of cell proliferation during hair cell regeneration in the chick cochlea (1994)

Birds respond to hair cell loss by stimulating cell division in the otherwise mitotically quiescent sensory epithelium and by generating new hair cells. We examined cell proliferation during hair cell regeneration in chick basilar papilla by using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Chicks were noise exposed for 4 or 24 hours and injected with BrdU, and cochleae were immunohistochemically labeled to detect BrdU. Immunoreactivity after short-term postinjection survival identified when cells entered S phase. For both 4 and 24 hour exposures, cells in S phase were first detected in the sensory epithelium after an injection at 18 hours after the onset of exposure and were also present after injections at 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours. The most cells in S (or G2) phase were detected at 42 and 72 hours for 24 hour exposures and at 48 hours for 4 hour exposures. Chicks that survived for long periods after injection had BrdU-labeled hair cells, indicating that precursor cells that divided in the presence of BrdU generated new hair cells. Moreover, labeled hair cells and supporting cells were grouped into discrete clusters, suggesting that cells within each cluster are clonally related. Support for this hypothesis was provided by experiments showing that the number of labeled cells increased when chicks survived for longer periods after a single BrdU injection. These findings suggest that progenitors within the sensory epithelium may undergo several rounds of division to generate the appropriate number of new hair cells and supporting cells.
Cytokines in asthma (1999)

Cytokines are usually extracellular signalling proteins, usually less than 80 kD in size, and many are glycosylated. They are produced by many different cell types that are involved in cell-to-cell interactions acting through specific receptors on the surface of target cells. Cytokines usually have an effect on closely adjacent cells and therefore function in a predominantly paracrine fashion, although they may also act at a distance (endocrine) and may have effects on the cell of origin (autocrine). Cytokines may be regarded as a mechanism for cell-cell communication, and within this group may be included growth factors and cytokines with primarily chemoattractant properties (chemokines). They act on target cells to cause a wide array of cellular functions including activation, proliferation, chemotaxis, immunomodulation, release of other cytokines or mediators, growth and cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Cytokines were originally characterised (and named) according to some aspect of their functional activity that was initially discovered, but the cloning of the genes for these cytokines has now provided a better insight into their classification and grouping. It is apparent that there is a wide pleiotropy and element of redundancy in the cytokine family in that each cytokine has many overlapping functions, with each function potentially mediated by more than one cytokine.

The effect of an individual cytokine in the context of disease may not be easy to predict because it may be influenced by other cytokines released simultaneously from the same cell or from target cells following activation by the cytokine. The effects of cytokines are mediated by binding to cell surface high affinity receptors usually present in low numbers. The number of these receptors can be upregulated with cell activation, and there the effect of a cytokine may depend on the modulation of its receptors. Cytokines themselves may induce the expression of receptors which may …
Ascorbic acid stimulates barrier function of cultured endothelial cell monolayer (1995)

The macromolecular permeability of cultured bovine aortic, bovine venous, and human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers was decreased significantly in culture medium containing L-ascorbic acid (Asc Acid; 0.01-0.1 mM) and L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Asc 2-P). Dithiothreitol, which shows reducing activity equivalent to that of Asc Acid, did not affect endothelial permeability. Asc Acid induced a sixfold increase in collagen synthesis by the endothelial cells. The coexistence of L-azetidine 2-carboxylic acid, an inhibitor of collagen synthesis, attenuated the effect of Asc 2-P in a dose-dependent manner. Another collagen synthesis inhibitor, ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, also inhibited collagen synthesis and increased endothelial permeability. The decrease in permeability of the endothelial monolayer was dependent on a reduction of the permeability coefficient of the endothelial monolayer. These findings indicate that endothelial barrier function is stimulated by Asc Acid via an increase in collagen synthesis.
Decoherence and Disorder in Quantum Walks: From Ballistic Spread to Localization (2011)

We investigate the impact of decoherence and static disorder on the dynamics of quantum particles moving in a periodic lattice. Our experiment relies on the photonic implementation of a one-dimensional quantum walk. The pure quantum evolution is characterized by a ballistic spread of a photon's wave packet along 28 steps. By applying controlled time-dependent operations we simulate three different environmental influences on the system, resulting in a fast ballistic spread, a diffusive classical walk, and the first Anderson localization in a discrete quantum walk architecture.
Murine marrow cells expanded in culture with IL-3, IL-6, IL-11, and SCF acquire an engraftment defect in normal hosts. (1995)

Stimulatory cytokines may induce murine hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) to survive, self-renew, proliferate, or differentiate. We studied the role of active cell cycling induced by the cytokines interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, IL-11, and Steel factor (SF) on murine progenitor cell frequency and cell cycle status in an in vitro system and on engraftment potential in nonmyeloablated mice. Marrow exposure to IL-3, IL-6, IL-11, and SF in in vitro liquid culture maintained or expanded seven factor-responsive high and low proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC and LPP-CFC). The HPP-CFC and LPP-CFC were dormant at the initiation of culture, as determined by 3H-thymidine suicide. There was an increase in the number and proliferation of HPP-CFC and LPP-CFC at 48 hours; by 48 hours, 62% of HPP-CFC and 56% of LPP-CFC were killed by 3H-TdR exposure. In engraftment studies of cytokine-stimulated marrow cells into normal hosts, female BALB/c mice received the equivalent of 40 x 10(6) starting male marrow cells exposed to cytokines in vitro for 48 hours for 3 consecutive days and were sacrificed 8 weeks after transplantation. Control groups received either 40 x 10(6) male uncultured marrow cells, 40 x 10(6) starting marrow cells cultured in medium without growth factors for 48 hours, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days. Engraftment of male cytokine-treated cells was analyzed by Southern blot analysis using the Y-chromosome-specific pY2-cDNA probe. There was minimal engraftment (approaching background levels) in marrow, spleen, and thymus of nonmyeloablated female recipients. Transplant recipients that had received uncultured marrow directly after sacrifice showed engraftment levels of 21% (11 mice; range = 8 to 44%) into marrow, of 9% (range = 0 to 22%) into spleen, and 13% (range = 2 to 43%) into thymus. We conclude that active cell cycling of marrow cells induced by cytokine stimulation is associated with an engraftment defect in the normal host.
Learning to Detect Salient Objects with Image-Level Supervision (2017)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have substantially improved the state-of-the-art in salient object detection. However, training DNNs requires costly pixel-level annotations. In this paper, we leverage the observation that image-level tags provide important cues of foreground salient objects, and develop a weakly supervised learning method for saliency detection using image-level tags only. The Foreground Inference Network (FIN) is introduced for this challenging task. In the first stage of our training method, FIN is jointly trained with a fully convolutional network (FCN) for image-level tag prediction. A global smooth pooling layer is proposed, enabling FCN to assign object category tags to corresponding object regions, while FIN is capable of capturing all potential foreground regions with the predicted saliency maps. In the second stage, FIN is fine-tuned with its predicted saliency maps as ground truth. For refinement of ground truth, an iterative Conditional Random Field is developed to enforce spatial label consistency and further boost performance. Our method alleviates annotation efforts and allows the usage of existing large scale training sets with image-level tags. Our model runs at 60 FPS, outperforms unsupervised ones with a large margin, and achieves comparable or even superior performance than fully supervised counterparts.
A digital signal processor for Doppler radar sensing of vital signs (2002)

A signal processor for the determination of respiration and heart rates in Doppler radar measurements is described. The processor can reliably calculate both rates for a subject at distances as large as 2 m. The rate determination is based on autocorrelation and uses several enhancement techniques, including a center clipper. Several representative results are included to show the future potential of using the processor for this purpose. Calculated heart rates agree for over 88% of the time with the reference rate, within a 2% margin, for all datasets. These results indicate excellent prospects for remote monitoring of vital signs through noncontact radar techniques.
市场与能动主体——市场组织、市场运行和市场动态的社会-经济学 (1998)

市场与能动主体——市场组织、市场运行和市场动态的社会－经济学〔瑞典〕Ｔ．伯恩斯周长城译一、引言经济学为人们提供了个人与市场的主要概念、模式、故事与神话。个人与市场的概念表面上好像被广泛接受，似乎有可能解决和认识复杂的社会和政治现象。在经济学中，个人...
Antibody-Dependent Phagocytosis of Tumor Cells by Macrophages: A Potent Effector Mechanism of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy of Cancer (2015)

Nowadays, it is impossible to imagine modern cancer treatment without targeted therapies, such as mAbs, that bind to tumor-associated antigens. Subsequently, mAbs can use a wide range of effector functions that mostly engage the immune system. mAbs can bridge immune effector cells with tumor cells, which can result in antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Increasing evidence, however, identified macrophages as prominent effector cells and induction of antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis as one of the primary mechanisms of action mediated by mAbs. Macrophages are extremely effective in eliminating tumor cells from the circulation. Several immunosuppressive mechanisms may, however, hamper their function, particularly in solid malignancies. In this review, we discuss the evolving insight of macrophages as effector cells in mAb therapy and address novel (co)therapeutic strategies that may be used to fully unleash their cytotoxic capacity for the treatment of cancer.
Immunohistochemical profile and treatment of uncommon types of thyroid carcinomas (2003)

The distinction of uncommon types of thyroid carcinomas is important, because their treatment and prognosis differ. The aim of this study was to describe retrospectively the immunohistochemical profile of uncommon types of thyroid carcinomas and mode of treatment. Of the 1194 patients with thyroid carcinomas treated in Rabin Medical Center from 1954 to 2001, 153 were uncommon types (not papillary or follicular carcinomas). Specimens from archival tissue obtained from thyroidectomies in all these cases were revised and immunohistochemically examined. Anaplastic carcinomas (n=59) were positive for high molecular weight cytokeratin (CK HMW), low molecular molecular weight cytokeratin (CK LMW), cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK 8 and 18, thymoglobulin, EMA and vimentin; medullary carcinomas (n=39) were positive for CK LMW, CK 19, CK 8 and 18, CK 10, CK 7, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and calcitonin; Hurthle cell carcinomas (n=30) for CK LMW, CK 19, CK 8 and 18, thyroglobulin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and CEA; squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (n=12) for CK HMW and cytokeratin total (CKs); lymphomas (n=7) for leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and B-cells (CD 20), and clear cell carcinomas (n=6) for CK LMW, CEA and thyroglobulin. Use of an immunohistochemical panel has diagnostic value in the differentiation of uncommon types of thyroid carcinoma, which help to plan the best mode of treatment.
Nutritional and metabolic studies in humans with 1,3-butanediol. (1975)

Three studies of the role of 1,3-butanediol (BD) in human nutrition are described. Isocaloric substitution of BD for starch in the diets of volunteers caused less negative nitrogen balance. Ingestion of urea also decreased negative nitrogen balance, and the effect of BD plus urea in the diets seemed to be additive. No effects were detected on many blood parameters measured during and after the study, except that BD feeding decreased blood glucose significantly. 1,3-Butanediol was shown to be a nontoxic metabolite providing a source of calories for human nutrition. In a second study, ingestion of BD was shown to cause slight increases in serum insulin and growth hormone concentrations in the fasting state. We next studied the effects of prior ingestion of BD on serum insulin, growth hormone, glucose, and lipids during glucose tolerance tests. No significant differences in these parameters were noted when prior ingestion of sucrose or an isocaloric quantity of BD were compared. Possible mechanisms whereby ingestion of BD spared nitrogen and caused decreased blood glucose are discussed.
Studies of Multimerin in Human Endothelial Cells (1998)

Multimerin is a novel, massive, soluble protein that resembles von Willebrand factor in its repeating, homomultimeric structure. Both proteins are expressed by megakaryocytes and endothelial cells and are stored in the region of platelet alpha-granules resembling Weibel-Palade bodies. These findings led us to study the distribution of multimerin within human endothelial cells. Multimerin was identified in vascular endothelium in situ. In cultured endothelial cells, multimerin was identified within round to rod-shaped, dense-core granules, some of which contained intragranular, longitudinally arranged tubules and resembled Weibel-Palade bodies. However, multimerin was found primarily in different structures than the Weibel-Palade body proteins von Willebrand factor and P-selectin. After stimulation with secretagogues, multimerin was observed to redistribute from intracellular structures to the external cellular membrane, without detectable accompanied secretion of multimerin into the culture media. In early passage endothelial cell cultures, multimerin was associated with extensive, fibrillary, extracellular matrix structures, in a different distribution than fibronectin. Although multimerin and von Willebrand factor are stored together in platelets, they are mainly found within different structures in endothelial cells, indicating that there are tissue-specific differences in the sorting of these soluble, multimeric proteins.