gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urokinase Activates the Jak/Stat Signal Transduction Pathway in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells (1999)

Endothelial cells demonstrate high urokinase expression and upregulation of urokinase receptors in response to vascular injury. Urokinase receptor binding facilitates endothelial cell migration into an arterial wound; however, the signaling cascade induced by the urokinase receptor in this cell type is incompletely understood. Because the Janus kinase (Jak)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) pathway seems to be important for vessel function, we investigated the hypothesis that urokinase receptor binding activates Jak/Stat signaling in human vascular endothelial cells. Incubation of endothelial cells with urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA,1 nmol/L) induced a rapid and pronounced increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins with a molecular weight between 80 to 90 and 130 to 140 kDa. The same pattern of tyrosine phosphorylation was found after treatment with 1 nmol/L ATF, the urokinase amino-terminal fragment, which is devoid of proteolytic activity but still binds to the urokinase receptor. Using coimmunoprecipitation techniques, we demonstrated that the activated urokinase receptor is associated with 2 cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases of the Jak family, viz, Jak1 and Tyk2. uPA and ATF induced a time-dependent activation of both kinases, as shown by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. Using electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays, we then demonstrated that Stat1 is rapidly activated in endothelial cells in response to uPA and ATF. Furthermore, Stat1 specifically binds to the regulatory elements interferon-gamma activation site/interferon-stimulated response element. The uPA-induced, time-dependent translocation of Stat1 to cell nuclei was confirmed by confocal microscopy study and immunoblotting of nuclear extracts with an anti-Stat1 antibody. This study provides evidence for a novel signaling pathway for uPA in human vascular endothelial cells. Direct activation of the Jak/Stat system via the uPA-receptor complex may be an important mechanism for endothelial cell migration and/or proliferation during angiogenesis and after vascular injury.
A multi-resolution technique for comparing images using the Hausdorff distance (2002)

The Hausdorff distance measures the extent to which each point of a model set lies near some point of an image set and vice versa. An efficient method of computing this distance is developed, based on a multi-resolution tessellation of the space is possible transformations of the model set. One of the key ideas is that entire cells in this tessellation can be ruled out quickly, without actually computing the Hausdorff distance for many of them. Emphasis is placed on the case in which the model is allowed to translate and scale (independently in x and y) with respect to the image. This four-dimensional transformation space is searched rapidly while guaranteeing that no match will be missed. Some examples of identifying an object in a cluttered scene are presented, including cases where the object is partially hidden from view.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reinforcing Aerosol Cisplatin for Radiotherapy of Laryngeal Cancer. (1993)

To attain its increased tumor concentration and to avert its systemic adverse effects, aerosol cisplatin (CDDP) was incorporated into radiotherapy (RT) of laryngeal cancer. Nine patients were asked to inhale the aerosol following each RT session. Their clinical tumor response was favorable, and histopathologic survey in selected cases revealed elimination of viable cancer cells. However limited, there have been no reports of cancer recurrence yet. This reinforcing plan of aerosol CDDP for RT bleomycin would certainly offer a better way of treating laryngeal cancer, and probably those malignancies facing the nasopharyngobronchial airway as well.
Chiral Lithium Salts of Phosphoric Acids as Lewis Acid–Base Conjugate Catalysts for the Enantioselective Cyanosilylation of Ketones (2008)

Abstract The catalytic enantioselective cyanosilylation of aromatic ketones was developed by using chiral lithium salts of ( R )‐BINOL‐ or ( S )‐BINAM‐derived phosphoric acid compounds. In the presence of 10 mol% of chiral conjugate lithium salts, the corresponding tertiary cyanohydrins were obtained in high yields with moderate to high enantioselectivities. This is the first efficient example of asymmetric catalysis using lithium salts of synthetically useful chiral phosphoric acid compounds. A possible catalytic mechanism and transition states are also discussed as a preliminary working hypothesis.
Finite Element Method: Applications in Solids, Structures, and Heat Transfer (2005)

INTRODUCTION MATHEMATICAL PRELIMINARIES Matrix Algebra Vectors Second-Order Tensors Calculus Newton's Method Kinematics of Motion Problems ONE-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS The Weak Form Finite Element Approximations Plugging in the Trial and Test Functions Algorithm for Matrix Assembly One-Dimensional Elasticity Problems LINEARIZED THEORY OF ELASTICITY Cauchy's Law Principal Stresses Equilibrium Equation Small-Strain Tensor Hooke's Law Axisymmetric Problems Weak Form of the Equilibrium Equation Problems STEADY-STATE HEAT CONDUCTION Derivation of the Steady-State Heat Equation Fourier's Law Boundary Conditions Weak Form of the Steady-State Heat Equation Problems CONTINUUM FINITE ELEMENTS Three-Node Triangle Development of an Arbitrary Quadrilateral Four-Node Tetrahedron Eight-Node Brick Element Matrices and Vectors Gauss Quadrature Bending of a Cantilever Beam Analysis of a Plate with Hole Thermal Stress Analysis of a Composite Cylinder Problems STRUCTURAL FINITE ELEMENTS Space Truss Euler-Bernoulli Beams Mindlin-Reissner Plate Theory Deflection of a Clamped Plate Problems LINEAR TRANSIENT ANALYSIS Derivation of the Equation of Motion Semi-Discrete Equations of Motion Central Difference Method Trapezoidal Rule Unsteady Heat Conduction Problems SMALL-STRAIN PLASTICITY Basic Concepts Yield Condition Flow and Hardening Rules Derivation of the Elastoplastic Tangent Finite Element Implementation One-Dimensional Elastoplastic Deformation of a Bar Elastoplastic Analysis of a Thick-Walled Cylinder Problems TREATMENT OF GEOMETRIC NONLINEARITIES Large-Deformation Kinematics Weak Form in the Original Configuration Linearization of the Weak Form Snap-Through Buckling of a Truss Structure Uniaxial Tensile Test of a Rubber Dog-Bone Specimen Problems BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
A low viscosity, low boiling point, clean solvent system for the rapid crystallisation of highly specular perovskite films (2016)

We present a new solvent system which has the potential to overcome the manufacturing barriers associated with the currently used toxic high boiling point solvents.
Managing Agitation Associated with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in the Emergency Setting (2016)

Management of agitation in the ED should encompass a patient-centered approach, incorporating non-pharmacologic approaches if feasible. Where pharmacologic intervention is necessary, a cooperative approach using non-invasive medications should be employed where possible.
Fungal tyrosinases: new prospects in molecular characteristics, bioengineering and biotechnological applications (2006)

Tyrosinases are type-3 copper proteins involved in the initial step of melanin synthesis. These enzymes catalyse both the o-hydroxylation of monophenols and the subsequent oxidation of the resulting o-diphenols into reactive o-quinones, which evolve spontaneously to produce intermediates, which associate in dark brown pigments. In fungi, tyrosinases are generally associated with the formation and stability of spores, in defence and virulence mechanisms, and in browning and pigmentation. First characterized from the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus because of undesirable enzymatic browning problems during postharvest storage, tyrosinases were found, more recently, in several other fungi with relevant insights into molecular and genetic characteristics and into reaction mechanisms, highlighting their very promising properties for biotechnological applications. The limit of these applications remains in the fact that native fungal tyrosinases are generally intracellular and produced in low quantity. This review compiles the recent data on biochemical and molecular properties of fungal tyrosinases, underlining their importance in the biotechnological use of these enzymes. Next, their most promising applications in food, pharmaceutical and environmental fields are presented and the bioengineering approaches used for the development of tyrosinase-overproducing fungal strains are discussed.
SOLID STATE MICROWAVE RECTIFICATION (1967)

Abstract : The purpose of this contract was to investigate the problem of high efficiency microwave rectification with hot carrier diodes and to provide diodes having the highest efficiency possible in the frequency range of 3 diodes to 8 GHz. A theoretical analysis is first made of the problem from the circuit viewpoint in an effort to determine which rectifier configurations should produce optimum efficiency, assuming perfect diodes. This is followed by an analysis of the losses to be expected for various circuits on the basis of a given diode equivalent circuit. Details of diode design, fabrication and characterization are followed by low and intermediate frequency efficiency measurements, where an attempt to correlate results obtained with the theory is made. Finally, efficiency measurements at microwave frequencies are described, including those made on 100 diodes fabricated for delivery at the conclusion of the contract. (Author)
Transient pluripotent cell populations during primitive ectoderm formation: correlation of in vivo and in vitro pluripotent cell development. (2002)

Formation and differentiation of a pluripotent cell population is central to mammalian development, and the isolation, identification and manipulation of human pluripotent cells is predicted to be of therapeutic use. Within the early mammalian embryo, two distinct populations of pluripotent cells have been described: the inner cell mass (ICM), which differentiates to form a second pluripotent cell populations, the primitive ectoderm. Indirect evidence suggests the existence of temporally distinct intermediate pluripotent cell populations as primitive ectoderm is formed. We coupled an in vitro model of primitive ectoderm formation (the transition of embryonic stem cells to early primitive ectoderm-like (EPL) cells) with ddPCR-based techniques to identify three novel genes, Psc1, CRTR-1 and PRCE, that were expressed differently during pluripotent cell progression. Detailed mapping of these genes with Oct4, Rex1 and Fgf5 on pregastrulation embryos provided the first molecular evidence for the existence of successive, temporally distinct pluripotent cell populations in the embryo between the ICM and primitive ectoderm. No evidence was found for spatial heterogeneity within the Oct4(+) pool. The transition between populations correlated with morphological or developmental alterations in pluripotent cells in vivo. Genes that are temporally expressed during pluripotent cell progression may provide an opportunity for molecular discrimination of pluripotent cells at different stages of maturation in vivo and an understanding of the cellular origins and properties of pluripotent cell lines isolated from diverse sources. Furthermore, the strong correlation of gene expression demonstrated between EPL cell formation in vitro and primitive ectoderm formation in vivo validates EPL cells as a model for primitive ectoderm, thereby providing a model system for the investigation of pluripotent differentiation and an opportunity for directed differentiation of pluripotent cells to therapeutically useful cell populations.
Levetiracetam for partial seizures (2000)

Adjunctive therapy with levetiracetam was effective and well tolerated in controlling partial seizures.
Selective Adhesion of Endothelial Cells to Artificial Membranes with a Synthetic RGD-Lipopeptide (2001)

A constrained cyclic ArgGly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys, abbreviated as cyclo(-RGDfK-), lipopeptide has been synthesized and incorporated into artificial membranes such as giant vesicles with DOPC and solid-supported lipid bilayers. The selective adhesion and spreading of endothelial cells of the human umbilical cord on solids functionalized by membranes with this RGD-lipopeptide have been observed. Furthermore, we have demonstrated strong selective adhesion of giant vesicles to endothelial cells through local adhesion domains by combined application of hydrodynamic flow field and reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM). The adhesion can be inhibited by competition with a water-soluble RGD peptide. We suggest that this strategy could improve the efficiency of liposomes targeting used as vectors or as drug carriers to cells.
Case report: Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma of the tongue (2011)

A rare presentation of metastatic renal cell carcinoma of the tongue provides the basis for a discussion of the use of novel therapies, which have significantly improved the outlook for patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Contributions of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains to antibody specificity for lysozyme and two haptens. (1987)

Chain recombination experiments with a set of structurally and/or functionally related antibodies were performed to assess the role of the heavy (H) and light (L) chains in determining antigen specificity. The results demonstrated that specificity for hen egg white lysozyme vs two haptens (dinitrophenyl or galactan) is H chain determined and for one set of proteins could be attributed specifically to the H3 region. In contrast to hapten vs lysozyme specificity, when reassociated molecules derived from structurally unrelated antibodies that bound nonoverlapping epitopes on lysozyme were tested, localization of binding to a particular epitope on lysozyme could be predominated by either H or L chains. Furthermore, in some cases, unique specificities distinct from those of either parental antibody were formed. Replacement of the native L chain with an isotypically homologous L chain was more likely to restore high affinity protein binding than was replacement of a less related L chain. When isotypically homologous L chains were compared in association with the same H chain, fine specificity profiles were sensitive to substitutions in as few as two residues that could be attributed to somatic mutation. These results demonstrate that both affinity and specificity derive from very subtle interactions between H and L chains and provide examples of how VH assembly, VL-VH pairing, and somatic mutation could contribute to development and maturation of the specificity repertoire.
Simulation of adsorption kinetics of lipid vesicles (2000)

Employing the Monte Carlo technique, we study the kinetics of vesicle adsorption at a solid–liquid interface. The proposed model combines a treatment of the surface kinetics, including spontaneous, adsorption- and lipid-membrane-induced decomposition of adsorbed vesicles, and limitations of the adsorption rate by vesicle diffusion in the solution. With this model, we demonstrate different kinetic cases, corresponding to various scenarios of vesicle adsorption and decomposition. The general results are employed to simulate recent experimental kinetic data for adsorption of small phospholipid vesicles at a SiO2 surface.
PPS-PEG Surface Coating to Reduce Thrombogenicity of Small Diameter ePTFE Vascular Grafts (2005)

While all coatings failed to add any benefit for lowering tissue reaction, surface coating with PPS -PEG (dry application) reduced thrombogenicity significantly (in heparinized animals) and thus appears to be promising for improving graft patency of small synthetic vascular prostheses.
Molecular cloning and amino acid sequence of human plakoglobin, the common junctional plaque protein. (1989)

Plakoglobin is a major cytoplasmic protein that occurs in a soluble and a membrane-associated form and is the only known constituent common to the submembranous plaques of both kinds of adhering junctions, the desmosomes and the intermediate junctions. Using a partial cDNA clone for bovine plakoglobin, we isolated cDNAs encoding human plakoglobin, determined its nucleotide sequence, and deduced the complete amino acid sequence. The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA was synthesized by in vitro transcription and translation and identified by its comigration with authentic plakoglobin in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The identity was further confirmed by comparison of the deduced sequence with the directly determined amino acid sequence of two fragments from bovine plakoglobin. Analysis of the plakoglobin sequence showed the protein (744 amino acids; 81,750 Da) to be unrelated to any other known proteins, highly conserved between human and bovine tissues, and characterized by numerous changes between hydrophilic and hydrophobic sections. Only one kind of plakoglobin mRNA (3.4 kilobases) was found in most tissues, but an additional mRNA (3.7 kilobases) was detected in certain human tumor cell lines. This longer mRNA may be represented by a second type of plakoglobin cDNA, which contains an insertion of 297 nucleotides in the 3' non-coding region.
Sequencing Technology (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Overview of Sanger Dideoxy Sequencing Fluorescence Dye Chemistry Biochemistry of DNA Sequencing Fluorescence DNA Sequencing Instrumentation DNA Sequence Analysis References
A Functional Epitope Determinant on Domain III of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus Envelope Protein Interacted with Neutralizing-Antibody Combining Sites (2003)

The envelope (E) protein of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is associated with viral binding to cellular receptors, membrane fusion, and the induction of protective neutralizing-antibody responses in hosts. Most previous studies have not provided detailed molecular information about the spatial configuration of the functional epitopes on domain III of the E protein. Here site-directed mutagenesis was performed to demonstrate that the functional epitope determinants at Ser331 and Asp332 on domain III of the JEV E protein interacted with neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) E3.3. Bacterial expression of the recombinant Fab E3.3 confirmed the molecular interactions of Arg94 in complementary determining region H3 with Ser331 and Asp332 on domain III. This study elucidates the detailed molecular structures of the neutralizing epitope determinants on JEV domain III, which can provide useful information for designing new vaccines.
The Lincoln WAND (1966)

An ultrasonic position-sensing device has been designed which will allow a computer to determine periodically the x, y, and z coordinates of the tip of a pen-sized wand. The device can replace the lightpen and RAND Tablet for 2-D work, and extend the usefulness of such devices by virtue of the extra dimension available. The extremely large working space in which the WAND can operate allows it to be used for an entirely new set of pointing functions not directly connected with a display as well as the normal display control functions.
Determination of the Antigenic Relationships within the Massachusetts (M 41 ) Type of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Using the Hemagglutination-Inhibition Test (1984)

The antigenic relationships, antigenic spectrum, and immunogenicity of seven IBV-Massachusetts-41 isolates were investigated using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. HI titers equal to 32 are considered suspicious, titers lower than 32 are considered negative, and titers higher than 32 are considered positive immune responses to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Some isolates of Massachusetts-41 ( M41 ) were capable of inducing large quantities of antibodies in chickens following inoculation and demonstrated a wider antigenic spectrum than others. Variations in antigenic spectrum observed within M41 isolates in this study are in agreement with previous reports. This variation is of importance in selecting a proper vaccine strain for a successful immunization program for IBV.
Heterogeneous nucleation of supercooled water, and the effect of an added catalyst (2002)

The statistics of liquid-to-crystal nucleation are measured rigorously by using a recently developed automated lag-time apparatus (ALTA). A single sample, in this case a sample of pure water both with and without an (insoluble) AgI crystal, is repeatedly cooled, nucleated, and thawed. Analysis of the data, coupled with a second kind of experiment, shows that the statistics of nucleation are consistent with a first-order kinetic mechanism over a wide range of supercooling temperatures. The limitations of classical nucleation theory are exhibited. Our analysis unifies many related experiments in biology, physics, chemistry, and chemical engineering.
Micelle Formation and Antimicrobial Activity of Cholic Acid Derivatives with Three Permanent Ionic Head Groups (2002)

Charged trident: A new facial amphiphile (see structure) based on cholic acid and with a permanent ionic character was prepared. The aggregation of this three-headed surfactant into small micelles and its inhibitory effect on bacterial growth are presented. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z19310_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Identification of soluble protein fragments by gene fragmentation and genetic selection (2008)

We describe a new method, which identifies protein fragments for soluble expression in Escherichia coli from a randomly fragmented gene library. Inhibition of E. coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) by trimethoprim (TMP) prevents growth, but this can be relieved by murine DHFR (mDHFR). Bacterial strains expressing mDHFR fusions with the soluble proteins green fluroscent protein (GFP) or EphB2 (SAM domain) displayed markedly increased growth rates with TMP compared to strains expressing insoluble EphB2 (TK domain) or ketosteroid isomerase (KSI). Therefore, mDHFR is affected by the solubility of fusion partners and can act as a reporter of soluble protein expression. Random fragment libraries of the transcription factor Fli1 were generated by deoxyuridine incorporation and endonuclease V cleavage. The fragments were cloned upstream of mDHFR and TMP resistant clones expressing soluble protein were identified. These were found to cluster around the DNA binding ETS domain. A selected Fli1 fragment was expressed independently of mDHFR and was judged to be correctly folded by various biophysical methods including NMR. Soluble fragments of the cell-surface receptor Pecam1 were also identified. This genetic selection method was shown to generate expression clones useful for both structural studies and antibody generation and does not require a priori knowledge of domain architecture.
High molecular weight liquid crystals (1998)

MAIN-CHAIN THERMOTROPIC LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS Synthesis, Structure and Properties (A. Greiner, et al.) Defects and Textures in Nematic Main-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers (C. Noel) SIDE-GROUP THERMOTROPIC LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS Molecular Engineering of Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers by Living Polymerizations (C. Pugh & A. Kiste) Behavior and Properties of Side Group Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polymers (J. Dubois, et al.) Physical Properties of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers (H. Brand & H. Finkelmann) AMPHIPHILIC LIQUID CRYSTALS Amphotropic Liquid Crystals (D. Blunk, et al.) Lyotopic Surfactant Liquid Crystals (C. Fairhurst, et al.) Living Systems (S. Hoffmann) Cellulosic Liquid Crystals (P. Zugenmaier) Index Volumes 1 - 3.