gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma from Cancer Patients Featuring a Characteristic Protein Composition Mediates Protection against Apoptosis (2002)

By comparative proteome analysis we searched for characteristic alterations of human plasma accompanying neoplastic disease. We identified protein alterations in plasma of prostate-, lung-, and breast-cancer patients in comparison to controls, comprising elevated levels of fibrinogen gamma-chain dimer, degradation products of antiplasmin and laminin gamma-chain, and elevated levels of acute phase proteins. The latter proteins and laminin fragments have been described as anti-apoptotic factors. We raised the question whether these alterations may have any relevance for the regulation of apoptosis. In contrast to plasma derived from healthy donors, samples from prostate-, lung-, and breast-cancer patients selectively inhibited Fas- and staurosporine-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells but remained ineffective upon UV light-induced apoptosis. These data suggested that inhibition occurred by extracellular interference with apoptosis induction. Supporting this hypothesis, we found that formation of the CD95 death-inducing signal complex was strongly inhibited in the presence of plasma from cancer patients.
Security on the move (1996)

Even as mobile computing and network computing are gaining momentum, Internet security is sharing the spotlight. Security and authentication on open networks is difficult even without the additional risks posed by wireless media. At the same time, the hardware and software constraints imposed by “small” mobile devices such as PDA’s and smart phones are leading to the pervasive use of application-level proxies to mediate between clients and servers. To date, less attention has been focused specifically on securing the connection between the client and an application-level proxy, independently of any particular service. We describe how to provide secure access to application-level proxied services using an indirect protocol called Charon, which leverages the strong protocol and deployed infrastructure of Kerberos IV. Charon partitions the Kerberos client functionality into a very simple client module that does little more than DES encryption, and a Unix-hosted unprivileged proxy module that runs the remainder of the Kerberos client protocol and can interoperate with other proxy code that provides application-level proxy services. The client module is extremely lightweight and amenable to implementation even on the most modest PDA-class devices. The proxy is trusted as much as any other Kerberized service, but it never learns the user’s Kerberos password or ticketgranting service session key. As a result of this partitioning, clients can continue to enjoy the benefits of proxy-mediated access in a secure way, in addition to gaining secure access to and interoperability with existing Kerberized services.
PHYCOBILISOMES OF PORPHYRIDIUM CRUENTUM (1972)

A procedure was developed for the isolation of phycobilisomes from Porphyridium cruentum. The cell homogenate, suspended in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), was treated with 1% Triton X-100, and its supernatant fraction was centrifuged on a sucrose step gradient. Phycobilisomes were recovered in the 1 M sucrose band. The phycobilisome fraction was identified by the characteristic appearance of the phycobilisomes, and the absorbance of the component pigments: phycoerythrin, R-phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin Isolated phycobilisomes had a prolate shape, with one particle axis longer than the other. Their size varied somewhat with their integrity, but was about 400-500 A (long axis) by 300-320 A (short axis). Phycobilisome recovery was determined at six phosphate buffer concentrations from 0.067 M to 1.0 M. In 0.5 M phosphate, phycobilisome yield (60%) and preservation were optimal. Such a preparation had a phycoerythrin 545 nm/phycocyanin 620 nm ratio of 8.4. Of the detergents tested (Triton X-100, Tween 80, and sodium deoxycholate), Triton X-100 gave the best results Freezing of the cells caused destruction of phycobilisomes.
Inhibition of α‐adrenergic vasoconstriction in exercising human thigh muscles (2003)

The mechanisms underlying metabolic inhibition of sympathetic responses within exercising skeletal muscle remain incompletely understood. The aim of the present study was to test whether alpha(2)-adrenoreceptor-mediated vasoconstriction was more sensitive to metabolic inhibition than alpha(1)-vasoconstriction during dynamic knee-extensor exercise. We studied healthy volunteers using two protocols: (1) wide dose ranges of the alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists phenylephrine (PE, alpha(1) selective) and BHT-933 (BHT, alpha(2) selective) were administered intra-arterially at rest and during 27 W knee-extensor exercise (n= 13); (2) flow-adjusted doses of PE (0.3 microg kg(-1) l(-1)) and BHT (15 microg kg(-1) l(-1)) were administered at rest and during ramped exercise (7 W to 37 W; n= 10). Ultrasound Doppler and thermodilution techniques provided direct measurements of femoral blood flow (FBF). PE (0.8 microg kg(-1)) and BHT (40 microg kg(-1)) produced comparable maximal reductions in FBF at rest (-58 +/- 6 versus-64 +/- 4%). Despite increasing the doses, PE (1.6 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) and BHT (80 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) caused significantly smaller changes in FBF during 27 W exercise (-13 +/- 4 versus-3 +/- 5%). During ramped exercise, significant vasoconstriction at lower intensities (7 and 17 W) was seen following PE (-16 +/- 5 and -16 +/- 4%), but not BHT (-2 +/- 4 and -4 +/- 5%). At the highest intensity (37 W), FBF was not significantly changed by either drug. Collectively, these data demonstrate metabolic inhibition of alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction in large postural muscles of healthy humans. Both alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoreceptor agonists produce comparable vasoconstriction in the resting leg, and dynamic thigh exercise attenuates alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-mediated vasoconstriction similarly. However, alpha(2)-mediated vasoconstriction appears more sensitive to metabolic inhibition, because alpha(2) is completely inhibited even at low workloads, whereas alpha(1) becomes progressively inhibited with increasing workloads.
Manumycin A and Its Analogues Are Irreversible Inhibitors of Neutral Sphingomyelinase (2001)

Valuable tools for experimental anti-inflammatory therapy and for clarifying the biological role of neutral sphingomyelinase and ceramide might be represented by manumycins. The antibiotic manumycin A (1), known as a Ras farnesyltransferase inhibitor, and some of its analogues were identified as irreversible inhibitors of neutral sphingomyelinase. The simple analogue 2 is readily accessible, stable and hitherto represents the most potent irreversible inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase.
A Modification of the Cramer-Shoup Digital Signature Scheme (2002)

Abstract. Digital signatures have been used in Internet applications to pro-vide data authentication and non-repudiation services. Digital signatures will keep on playing an important role in future Internet applications. In this pa-per we propose a secure digital signature scheme based on the Strong RSA Assumption. Compared with the recent signature scheme by Cramer and Shoup, public keys in our scheme are a bit smaller but the two schemes have about the same computational efficiency.
Endocrine Regulation of Calcium Metabolism (1970)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Identification, Quantification, and Localization of mRNA for Three Distinct Alpha1Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes in Human Prostate (1993)

The dynamic component of bladder outlet obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is regulated by alpha 1 adrenergic receptors (alpha 1-AR) located in the prostatic stroma. Recently two alpha 1-AR subtypes (alpha 1A, alpha 1B) have been identified in the human prostate by both functional and pharmacological assays. However, the presence of the alpha 1C subtype has not been evaluated, presumably due to the lack of availability of selective ligands for this receptor subtype. We have used molecular techniques to investigate the mRNA expression of all three alpha 1-AR subtypes in the human prostate. RNA extracted from the prostate gland of 15 patients was used in ribonuclease protection assays to identify the expression of three alpha 1-AR subtype mRNAs. Quantitative solution hybridization assays further identify the predominant subtype of alpha 1-AR mRNA to be the alpha 1C, which represents approximately 70% of the total alpha 1-AR mRNA in the human prostate. Furthermore, in situ hybridization localizes the alpha 1C AR mRNA predominantly to the stromal compartment. The identification of a predominant alpha 1-AR mRNA in human prostate identifies a potential need for subtype selective pharmaceutical agents. These agents could be very important clinically in the treatment of diseases such as BPH.
Update in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2008 (2009)

The last year has seen important new information published on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its pathogenesis, systemic effects, exacerbations, and treatment. Several important new COPD research programs have been initiated during the past year, including the Sub-Populations and Intermediate Outcomes Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) program, which will categorize patients on the basis of molecular fingerprinting and will attempt to identify and validate intermediate outcome measures in COPD. The Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) study (1) aims to define clinically relevant COPD subtypes and identify genetic factors and biomarkers that correlate with these COPD subtypes and predict disease progression. In addition, several large research consortia have been established, including the COPD clinical research network and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–funded lung tissue research consortium (2).
Secondary electric power generation with minimum engine bleed (1983)

Secondary electric power generation with minimum engine bleed is discussed. Present and future jet engine systems are compared. The role of auxiliary power units is evaluated. Details of secondary electric power generation systems with and without auxiliary power units are given. Advanced bleed systems are compared with minimum bleed systems. A cost model of ownership is given. The difference in the cost of ownership between a minimum bleed system and an advanced bleed system is given.
Feasibility of Hough-transform-based iris localisation for real-time-application (2003)

We present a fast method for locating iris features in frontal face images based on the Hough transform. it consists of an initial iris detection step and a tracking step which uses iris features from initialisation for speeding lip computation. The purpose of research was to evaluate the feasibility of the method for tracking at 200 frames per second or higher. Processing speed of the prototypical implementation on a 266 Mhz Pentium II PC is approximately 6 seconds for initial iris detection and about 0.05 seconds for each tracking step. Further speed-up using faster equipment seems feasible. The algorithm was applied to images of subjects taken under normal room lighting conditions. Tests showed robustness with respect to shadowing and partial occlusion of the iris. The localisation error was below two pixels. Accuracy for tracking was within one pixel. A reduction of the number of pixels, which are processed in the tracking step by 90% showed a modest degradation of the results.
Steroidal aminothiazoles (1979)

Abstract The treatment of 16α‐bromo‐17‐ketosteroids and 2‐bromo‐3‐ketosteroids with thiourea in dimethylformamide give the corresponding 2′‐formamidothiazolosteroids. The resulting 2′‐formamidothiazoles were identical with those obtained in a similar reaction from 17β‐bromo‐16α,17α‐oxidoandrostane with thiourea. Hydrolysis of the 2′‐formamido‐thiazolosteroids led to the corresponding 2′‐aminothiazoles, which also resulted from the interaction of bromoketones and thiourea in isopropanol. The title compounds prepared were substantiated by examination of infrared, ultraviolet, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.
Development of an automated computer-controlled islet isolation system (1997)

Before clinical islet transplantation can become an effective and reliable treatment for type 1 diabetic patients, there must be significant improvements in the methods employed for the isolation of islets of Langerhans. We have developed an automated cell extraction system (ACES), which allows computer control of the isolation process. As well, it incorporates a novel method of recombining dissociated pancreatic tissue. Following initial system design and testing to determine the optimal system configuration, a series of 12 consecutive canine islet isolations were performed. Pancreases were perfused with collagenase via the duct and dissociated and recombined using either the standard Ricordi-based protocol (group 1, n = 6) or dissociated and recombined using the ACES system (group 2, n = 6). A total of 90.8 +/- 21 x 10(3) islet equivalents (IE) (mean +/- SEM) were recovered in group 1 vs. 99 +/- 14 x 10(3) IE in group 2 (p = NS, student unpaired t-test). Following Ficoll purification the recovery was 56.2 +/- 14 x 10(3) IE for group 1 vs. 54.7 +/- 11 x 10(3) IE for group 2 (p = NS). Viability was equivalent with an 8.6-fold increase in insulin secretion for group 1 and an 8.8-fold increase for group 2 when the islets were exposed to high glucose solution supplemented with IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) during static incubation. In vivo function was equivalent following transplantation of 2000 IE under the kidney capsule of alloxan-induced diabetic nude mice with five of six and five of seven mice surviving long-term (> 50 days posttransplant) (groups 1 and 2, respectively). This data shows that an entirely automated pancreatic islet extraction system can result in effective canine islet recovery without compromising islet yields and viability. The ACES system has several advantages over the standard isolation protocol. These include: 1) computer control and monitoring over all phases of the isolation, 2) a single-use sterile disposable tubing set, and 3) a novel method of tissue recombination.
The glyoxylate shunt is essential for desiccation tolerance in C. elegans and budding yeast (2016)

Many organisms, including species from all kingdoms of life, can survive desiccation by entering a state with no detectable metabolism. To survive, C. elegans dauer larvae and stationary phase S. cerevisiae require elevated amounts of the disaccharide trehalose. We found that dauer larvae and stationary phase yeast switched into a gluconeogenic mode in which metabolism was reoriented toward production of sugars from non-carbohydrate sources. This mode depended on full activity of the glyoxylate shunt (GS), which enables synthesis of trehalose from acetate. The GS was especially critical during preparation of worms for harsh desiccation (preconditioning) and during the entry of yeast into stationary phase. Loss of the GS dramatically decreased desiccation tolerance in both organisms. Our results reveal a novel physiological role for the GS and elucidate a conserved metabolic rewiring that confers desiccation tolerance on organisms as diverse as worm and yeast.
Anti-Apoptotic Effects of IGF-1 and PDGF on Human Intervertebral Disc Cells In Vitro (2000)

Data demonstrate a significant reduction in the percentage of apoptotic disc cells after exposure to 50-500 ng/mL insulin-like growth factor-1 or exposure to 100 ng/mL platelet-derived growth factor. These findings expand the understanding of the cell biology of the disc cell and show that selected cytokines can retard or prevent programmed cell death in vitro. The administration of these cytokines may have future therapeutic potential in the treatment of disc degeneration.
Superiority of "triple" therapy with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate and tiotropium bromide versus individual components in moderate to severe COPD (2008)

SFC+TIO triple therapy led to greater improvements in bronchodilation compared with TIO and SFC alone. The advantages of triple therapy are observed across a range of physiologically important parameters, including airway conductance and lung volumes. Triple therapy also led to patient related benefits by improving TDI and use of rescue medication.
Using high‐resolution distributed temperature sensing to quantify spatial and temporal variability in vertical hyporheic flux (2012)

Hyporheic flow can be extremely variable in space and time, and our understanding of complicated flow systems, such as exchange around small dams, has generally been limited to reach‐averaged parameters or discrete point measurements. Emerging techniques are starting to fill the void between these disparate scales, increasing the utility of hyporheic research. When ambient diurnal temperature patterns are collected at high spatial resolution across vertical profiles in the streambed, the data can be applied to one‐dimensional conduction‐advection‐dispersion models to quantitatively describe the vertical component of hyporheic flux at the same high spatial resolution. We have built on recent work by constructing custom fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensors with 0.014 m spatial resolution that are robust enough to be installed by hand into the streambed, maintain high signal strength, and permit several sensors to be run in series off a single distributed temperature sensing unit. Data were collected continuously for 1 month above two beaver dams in a Wyoming stream to determine the spatial and temporal nature of vertical flux induced by the dams. Flux was organized by streambed morphology with strong, variable gradients with depth indicating a transition to horizontal flow across a spectrum of hyporheic flow paths. Several profiles showed contrasting temporal trends as discharge decreased by 45%. The high‐resolution thermal sensors, combined with powerful analytical techniques, allowed a distributed quantitative description of the morphology‐driven hyporheic system not previously possible.
Regional Distribution and Developmental Variation of the Glycine Transporters GLYT1 and GLYT2 in the Rat CNS (1995)

The high-affinity glycine transporter in neurons and glial cells is the primary means of inactivating synaptic glycine. Previous molecular cloning studies have indicated heterogeneity of glycine transporters in the CNS. Here the distribution of glycine transporter GLYT1 and GLYT2 transcripts and proteins in different regions and developmental stages of the rat brain were analysed by Northern, Western and in situ hybridization techniques. Sequence-specific riboprobes and two specific antibodies raised against fusion proteins were used, containing either 76 or 193 amino acids of the C or N terminus of the GLYT1 and GLYT2 transporters respectively. High levels of GLYT1 transcripts were found in the spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum, and moderate levels in forebrain regions such as the cortex or hippocampus. GLYT2 transcripts are restricted to the spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum. The onset of both GLYT1 and GLYT2 expression in the brainstem occurred in late fetal life, and full expression of these proteins was observed before weaning. There was a stepwise increase in the levels of mRNA and protein for these two transporters, reaching a maximum by the second postnatal week, followed by a slight decrease until adult values were reached by the fourth postnatal week. These data reveal interesting parallelism between the distribution of different glycine transporters and glycine receptor subunits, and suggest discrete roles for distinct glycine transporters.
Effects of Salt on the Lower Critical Solution Temperature of Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) (2010)

Classical molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the effects of salt on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). PNIPAM is often studied as a protein proxy due to the presence of a peptide bond in its monomer unit. PNIPAM is a temperature sensitive polymer which exhibits hydrophobic-hydrophilic phase transition at its LCST. The presence of salt in the solution will shift its LCST, typically to a lower temperature. This LCST shift follows the so-called Hofmeister series. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of PNIPAM in 1 M of NaCl, NaBr, NaI, and KCl were carried out to elucidate the effects of different salt on LCST and protein stability. Our results suggest that direct interactions between the salt cations and the polymer play a critical role in the shift of LCST and subsequently on protein stability. Further, cations have a much stronger affinity with the polymer, whereas anions bind weakly with the polymer. Moreover, the cation-polymer binding affinity is inversely correlated with the cation-anion contact pair association constant in solution.
Quantum-state preparation with universal gate decompositions (2011)

In quantum computation every unitary operation can be decomposed into quantum circuits---a series of single-qubit rotations and a single type entangling two-qubit gates, such as controlled-not(cnot) gates. Two measures are important when judging the complexity of the circuit: the total number of cnot gates needed to implement it and the depth of the circuit, measured by the minimal number of computation steps needed to perform it. Here we give an explicit and simple quantum circuit scheme for preparation of arbitrary quantum states, which can directly utilize any decomposition scheme for arbitrary full quantum gates, thus connecting the two problems. Our circuit reduces the depth of the best currently known circuit by a factor of $2$. It also reduces the total number of cnot gates from ${2}^{n}$ to $\frac{23}{24}{2}^{n}$ in the leading order for even number of qubits. Specifically, the scheme allows us to decrease the upper bound from $11$ cnot gates to $9$ and the depth from $11$ to $5$ steps for four qubits. Our results are expected to help in designing and building small-scale quantum circuits using present technologies.
Small RNAs with Imperfect Match to Endogenous mRNA Repress Translation (2003)

A 21-base pair RNA duplex that perfectly matches an endogenous target mRNA selectively degrades the mRNA and suppresses gene expression in mammalian tissue culture cells. A single base mismatch with the target is believed to protect the mRNA from degradation, making this type of interference highly specific to the targeted gene. A short RNA with mismatches to a target sequence present in multiple copies in the 3'-untranslated region of an exogenously expressed gene can, however, silence it by translational repression. Here we report that a mismatched RNA, targeted to a single site in the coding sequence of an endogenous gene, can efficiently silence gene expression by repressing translation. The antisense strand of such a mismatched RNA requires a 5'-phosphate but not a 3'-hydroxyl group. G.U wobble base pairing is tolerated as a match for both RNA degradation and translation repression. Together, these findings suggest that a small inhibitory RNA duplex can suppress expression of off-target cellular proteins by RNA degradation or translation repression. Proper design of experimental small inhibitory RNAs or a search for targets of endogenous micro-RNAs must therefore take into account that these short RNAs can affect expression of cellular genes with as many as 3-4 base mismatches and additional G.U mismatches.