gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mini Fission-Fusion-Fission Explosions (Mini-Nukes). A Third Way Towards the Controlled Release of Nuclear Energy by Fission and Fusion (2004)

Chemically ignited nuclear microexplosions with a fissile core, a DT reflector and U238 (Th232) pusher, offer a promising alternative to magnetic and inertial confinement fusion, not only burning DT, but in addition U238 (or Th232), and not depending on a large expensive laser of electric pulse power supply. The prize to be paid is a gram size amount of fissile material for each microexplosion, but which can be recovered by breeding in U238. In such a “mini-nuke” the chemical high explosive implodes a spherical metallic shell onto a smaller shell, with the smaller shell upon impact becoming the source of intense black body radiation which vaporizes the ablator of a spherical U238 (Th232) pusher, with the pusher accelerated to a velocity of ∼200 km/s, sufficient to ignite the DT gas placed in between the pusher and fissile core, resulting in a fast fusion neutron supported fission reaction in the core and pusher. Estimates indicate that a few kg of high explosives are sufficient to ignite such a “mini-nuke”, with a gain of ∼103, releasing an energy equivalent to a few tons of TNT, still manageable for the microexplosion to be confined in a reactor vessel. A further reduction in the critical mass is possible by replacing the high explosive with fast moving solid projectiles. For light gas gun driven projectiles with a velocity of ∼ 10 km/s, the critical mass is estimated to be 0.25 g, and for magnetically accelerated 25 km/s projectiles it is as small as ∼ 0.05 g. With the much larger implosion velocities, reached by laser- or particle beam bombardment of the outer shell, the critical mass can still be much smaller with the fissile core serving as a fast ignitor. Increasing the implosion velocity decreases the overall radius of the fission-fusion assembly in inverse proportion to this velocity, for the 10 km/s light gas gun driven projectiles from 10 cm to 5 cm, for the 25 km/s magnetically projectiles down to 2 cm, and still more for higher implosion velocities.
MiR-146a regulates the TRAF6/TNF-axis in donor T cells during GVHD (2014)

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) limits the success of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT); therefore, a better understanding of its biology may improve therapeutic options. We observed miR-146a up-regulation in T cells of mice developing acute GVHD compared with untreated mice. Transplanting miR-146a(-/-) T cells caused increased GVHD severity, elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) serum levels, and reduced survival. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), a verified target of miR-146a, was up-regulated in miR-146a(-/-) T cells following alloantigen stimulation. Higher TRAF6 levels translated into increased nuclear factor-κB activity and TNF production in miR-146a(-/-) T cells. Conversely, the detrimental effect of miR-146a deficiency in T cells was antagonized by TNF blockade, whereas phytochemical induction of miR-146a or its overexpression using a miR-146a mimic reduced GVHD severity. In humans, the minor genotype of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs2910164 in HCT donors, which reduces expression of miR-146a, was associated with severe acute GVHD (grade III/IV). We show that miR-146a functions as a negative regulator of donor T cells in GVHD by targeting TRAF6, leading to reduced TNF transcription. Because miR-146a expression can be exogenously enhanced, our results provide a novel targeted molecular approach to mitigate GVHD.
Drug therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: problems and pitfalls. (1990)

Antibacterial chemotherapy against Helicobacter pylori is currently being assessed by open or randomized controlled clinical studies for its efficacy in eradicating this bacterium from the stomach of patients with gastritis or gastroduodenal ulcer. Whereas there is presently no "optimal" agent and treatment scheme, the combination of some antibiotics (metronidazole, tinidazole, amoxicillin) with bismuth salts proves definitely superior in vivo to either of these agents administered alone. Several reasons have been proposed, to explain the clinical failure after treatment: insufficient concentration of active drugs in gastric mucus, instability of some agents at an acidic pH, inappropriate formulation of drug, insufficient duration of treatment, and variable compliance of patients. Recently, it has appeared from several clinical trials that H. pylori may rapidly acquire resistance to some antibiotics, and that this event might also account for clinical failure. A critical review of the literature on H. pylori treatment indicates that association of bismuth and antibiotics or of antibiotics alone both may efficiently reduce the risk of emergence of resistance and improve the therapeutic outcome. Guidelines of treatment are suggested in order to avoid the future misuse of antibiotics that would increase selection of antibiotic-resistant H. pylori and negatively affect the ecology of the gastric microflora. Likewise, an accurate definition of a subset of patients with H. pylori who really will require treatment needs to be rapidly established.
Cough in the community: a cross sectional survey and the relationship to gastrointestinal symptoms (2006)

Chronic cough is a common symptom in the general population. Its strong association with gastrointestinal disease may have aetiological significance.
PRN473, an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, inhibits neutrophil recruitment via inhibition of macrophage antigen‐1 signalling (2017)

PRN473, a highly selective inhibitor of Btk, potently attenuates sterile liver injury by inhibiting the activation of the β<sub>2</sub> -integrin Mac-1 and subsequently neutrophil recruitment into inflamed tissue.
N-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline Inhibits TGF-β–Mediated Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression via Inhibition of Smad Pathway in Human Mesangial Cells (2003)

Recent large clinical trials indicate that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) attenuate the detrimental outcome of progressive renal disease. The hemoregulatory tetrapeptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP, AcSDKP) is hydrolyzed by ACE, and plasma Ac-SDKP level is increased by fivefold after treatment with ACE-I. Ac-SDKP was found to ameliorate cardiac and renal fibrosis in hypertensive animal models. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Ac-SDKP mediates anti-fibrotic effects remain unclear. This study is an examination of the interaction between Ac-SDKP and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), one of the key cytokines in the progression of renal disease, in human mesangial cells. Ac-SDKP inhibited TGF-beta1-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and alpha2 (I) collagen mRNA. Ac-SDKP suppressed not only TGF-beta1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation at Ser-465/467 in a dose-dependent manner, but also the nuclear accumulation of receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smad), Smad2 and Smad3. As expected, Ac-SDKP inhibited TGF-beta-responsive Smad-dependent luciferase reporters, 3TP-luc and 4xSBE-luc. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the inhibitory Smad, Smad7, was exported to the cytoplasm from the nucleus by the treatment with Ac-SDKP. These findings provide novel evidence that Ac-SDKP inhibits TGF-beta signal transduction through the suppression of R-Smad activation via nuclear export of Smad7, highlighting an alternative mechanism involved in the reno-protective efficacy of ACE-I.
The Pathophysiology of Cellulite: Can the Puzzle Eventually Be Solved? (2012)

The pathophysiology of cellulite is still largely unknown. Here, we propose a new pathophysiology that connects the development of cellulite with several newly-discovered hallmarks of white adipose tissue. According to this theory, cellulite appears in hypertrophic fat tissue that is associated with overproduction of low molecular weight hyaluronan (HA). This can induce different types of fibrosis, producing inhomogeneous spatial tension in the tissue. This pathophysiology serves to explain the most well known peculiarities of cellulite appearance as well as to formulate the theoretically optimal cellulite treatment strategy.
Immobilization-free screening of aptamers assisted by graphene oxide (2011)

Graphene oxide (GO) has the ability to separate free short ssDNA in heterogeneous solution. This feature is applied as a label free platform for screening of aptamers that bind to their target with high affinity and specificity. Herein, we report an aptamer selection strategy for Nampt protein based on GO.
Differential effects of the charge variants of human follicle-stimulating hormone (2000)

FSH is synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in multiple molecular forms; the release of these isoforms depends on the endocrine status of the donor at the time of sample collection. In the present study, we analysed the possibility that the FSH charge isoforms may exert differential effects at the target cell. Seven FSH isoform mixes were isolated from pooled anterior pituitary glycoprotein extracts by high resolution chromatofocusing, followed by affinity chromatography, which removed nearly 90% of the LH that co-eluted with the FSH isoforms during chromatofocusing. The isoforms (isoform I, pH >7.10; II, pH range 6.60-6.20; III, pH 5. 47-5.10; IV, pH 5.03-4.60; V, pH 4.76-4.12; VI, pH 4.05-3.82 and VII, pH <3.80) were then tested for their capacity to stimulate cAMP release, androgen aromatization and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) enzyme activity and cytochrome P450 aromatase, tPA and inhibin alpha-subunit mRNA production by rat granulosa cells in culture. cAMP and oestradiol production were determined by RIA, tPA enzyme activity by SDS-PAGE and zymography and all mRNAs by northern blot hybridization analysis and semiquantitative RT-PCR. All isoforms, with the exception of isoform I, stimulated synthesis and release of cAMP, oestrogen and tPA enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner; the potency of the less acidic isoforms (pH 6. 60-4.60) was greater than that exhibited by the more acidic/sialylated analogs (pH 4.76 to <3.80; potencies II>III>IV>V>VII>VI). A similar trend was observed in terms of cytochrome P450 aromatase and tPA mRNA production. In contrast, when FSH-stimulated production of alpha-inhibin mRNA was analysed, isoforms V-VII were significantly more potent (two- to threefold) than the less acidic/sialylated counterparts (II-IV). In contrast to isoforms II-VII (which behaved as FSH agonists), isoform I (elution pH >7.10) completely blocked P450 aromatase and tPA mRNA expression, without altering that of a constitutively expressed gene (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). These results show for the first time that the naturally occurring human FSH isoforms may exhibit differential or even unique effects at the target cell level.
Alternate pulse oximetry algorithms for SpO/sub 2/ computation (2002)

Arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO/sub 2/) values are currently computed using weighted moving average techniques. Digital signal processing algorithms were explored to identify improved algorithms for SpO/sub 2/ computation. The fast Fourier transform and discrete cosine transform were identified as potentially superior algorithms. Improvements to the original algorithm using combinations of overlapped processing and averaging techniques were also explored.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
P2i-torus: A hybrid artchitecutre for direct interconnection (2011)

Direct networks are the counterparts of indirect networks like multistage interconnect networks which rooted in the telecommunication and parallel computing. Direct networks are getting more and more promising in latest data center networking research. Torus is one of the most popular direct networks and it is a common practice in supercomputers and some core routers. In this paper we proposed a novel hybrid architecture which is formed by adding extra channels to a classic torus network. The channels are added in a fashion that has been proved to be asymptotical minimal for load-balancing, besides, we devised the corresponding load-balancing routing scheme for this hybrid architecture. Static network characteristics is analyzed and compared with other direct networks. Simulation results are provided to show that these express paths improved the network performance in concert to the theoretical analysis.
CD 9 and vimentin distinguish clear cell from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (2009)

Based on gene expression analysis, we identify CD9 and vimentin as candidate markers for distinguishing between ccRCC and chRCC. In difficult cases and particularly when the amount of diagnostic tissue is limited, vimentin and CD9 staining could serve as a useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of ccRCC and chRCC.
Multifrequency 3-D Imaging of Tropical Forest using Polarization Coherence Tomography (2008)

In this paper we show results for 3-D radar imaging of a tropical forest scene at L and X-bands using height and surface topography generated from P-band POLInSAR data. The 3-D images are generated using a technique called coherence tomography that requires only one interferometric baseline to reconstruct the image. The technique relies on estimation of the coefficients of a truncated Fourier-Legendre expansion of the unknown but bounded vertical profile. These bounds are generated from P-band POLInSAR. We illustrate using airborne ESAR data from the Indrex-II campaign and show sample 3-D images at L and X-band to compare penetration depth.
Discuss on the Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasias (2011)

Objective
To investigate effects of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) on the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) by vaginoscope observing pathological grade and transformation of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasias.


Methods
From January 2006 to July 2009, loop electrosurgical excision procedure was conducted on the randomly chosen cervical intraepithelial neoplasias cases. The diagnosed criteria was cytological examination, cervix living specimen organization inspects, different pathological grades and transformation before and after loop electrosurgical excision procedure. The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Investigation in Human Being of Tengzhou Maternal and Child Care Service Center. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.


Results
A total of 586 cases were diagnosed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasias according to the pathology results in the cervix living specimen organization inspects (CLSOI) by vaginoscope, of which 428 cases were treated by loop electrosurgical excision procedure. The rates of transferring to negative, degrade, grade stable and upgrade were 6.1%, 10.7%, 65.2% and 18.0%, respectively. The pathological grading coincidence rate was 65. 2%.


Conclusion
Positive rate of the pathology results in cervix living specimen organization inspects by vaginoscope is satisfy, and the effect of loop electrosurgical excision procedure on treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasias is reliable. Thus, loop electrosurgical excision procedure is an effective method to get the intact pathological specimen, and of important clinical value in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and diagnosing cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS) at an early stage.


Key words: 
cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN); loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP); cervix living specimen organization inspects (CLSOI)
In Vitro Maintenance of Highly Purified, Transplantable Hematopoietic Stem Cells (1997)

The cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the most primitive hematopoietic stem cell are not well understood. We have undertaken a systematic dissection of the complex hematopoietic microenvironment to define some of these mechanisms. An extensive panel of immortalized stromal cell lines from murine fetal liver were established and characterized. Collectively, these cell lines display extensive heterogeneity in their in vitro hematopoietic supportive capacity. In the current studies, we describe a long-term in vitro culture system using a single stromal cell clone (AFT024) that qualitatively and quantitatively supports transplantable stem cell activity present in highly purified populations. We show multilineage reconstitution in mice that received the equivalent of as few as 100 purified bone marrow and fetal liver stem cells cultured for 4 to 7 weeks on AFT024. The cultured stem cells meet all functional criteria currently ascribed to the most primitive stem cell population. The levels of stem cell activity present after 5 weeks of coculture with AFT024 far exceed those present in short-term cytokine-supported cultures. In addition, maintenance of input levels of transplantable stem cell activity is accompanied by expansion of other classes of stem/progenitor cells. This suggests that the stem/progenitor cell population is actively proliferating in culture and that the AFT024 cell line provides a milieu that stimulates progenitor cell proliferation while maintaining in vivo repopulating activity.
On Gaussian radial basis function approximations: interpretation, extensions, and learning strategies (2002)

We focus on an interpretation of Gaussian radial basis functions (GRBF) which motivates extensions and learning strategies. Specifically, we show that GRBF regression equations naturally result from representing the input-output joint probability density function by a finite mixture of Gaussian. Corollaries of this interpretation are: some special forms of GRBF representations can be traced back to the type of Gaussian mixture used; previously proposed learning methods based on input-output clustering have a new learning; and estimation techniques for finite mixtures (namely the EM algorithm and model selection criteria) can be invoked to learn GRBF regression equations.
The role of glucocorticoids and progestins in inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious disease (2008)

A bidirectional communication exists between the CNS and the immune system. The autonomic nervous system, through neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, works in parallel with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through the actions of glucocorticoids to modulate inflammatory events. The immune system, through the action of cytokines and other factors, in turn, activates the CNS to orchestrate negative-feedback mechanisms that keep the immune response in check. Disruption of these interactions has been associated with a number of syndromes including inflammatory, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases, metabolic and psychiatric disorders, and the development of shock. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis also plays an important part in regulating immunity through the secretion of sex hormones. Although numerous studies have established a role for immunomodulation by estrogen and testosterone, the role of progesterone is less well understood. Progesterone is crucial for reproductive organ development and maintenance of pregnancy, and more recent studies have clearly shown its role as an important immune regulator. The main focus of this review will be about the role of steroid hormones, specifically glucocorticoids and progesterone, in inflammatory responses and infectious diseases and how dysregulation of their actions may contribute to development of autoimmune and inflammatory disease.
Conditions affecting direct gene transfer into rodent muscle in vivo. (1991)

This report extends our previous findings that mouse muscle cells in situ can take up naked DNA injected intramuscularly in vivo. Various conditions such as needle type, speed of injection, volume of injection fluid, tonicity of injection fluid, type of solute, type of muscle, physiologic condition of the muscle and age of the animals were appraised for their effect on the levels of luciferase activity expressed from the pRSVL plasmid. Specific conditions such as the use of normal saline as an injection fluid increased the efficiency of expression. The implantation of DNA pellets was an effective way to deliver DNA to muscle, especially for smaller muscle groups. Also, newborn and adult rat muscles expressed plasmid DNA delivered intramuscularly.
Elastic scaling of data parallel operators in stream processing (2009)

We describe an approach to elastically scale the performance of a data analytics operator that is part of a streaming application. Our techniques focus on dynamically adjusting the amount of computation an operator can carry out in response to changes in incoming workload and the availability of processing cycles. We show that our elastic approach is beneficial in light of the dynamic aspects of streaming workloads and stream processing environments. Addressing another recent trend, we show the importance of our approach as a means to providing computational elasticity in multicore processor-based environments such that operators can automatically find their best operating point. Finally, we present experiments driven by synthetic workloads, showing the space where the optimizing efforts are most beneficial and a radioastronomy imaging application, where we observe substantial improvements in its performance-critical section.
Polyisobutylene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers. 3. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Poly(.alpha.-methylstyrene-b-isobutylene-b-.alpha.-methylstyrene) Triblock Copolymers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyisobutylene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers. 3. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Poly(.alpha.-methylstyrene-b-isobutylene-b-.alpha.-methylstyrene) Triblock CopolymersDawei Li and Rudolf FaustCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 14, 4893–4898Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00118a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00118a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views497Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts