gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated visual inspection system for wood defect classification using computational intelligence techniques (2009)

Abstract This article presents improvements in the segmentation module, feature extraction module, and the classification module of a low-cost automated visual inspection (AVI) system for wood defect classification. One of the major drawbacks in the low-cost AVI system was the erroneous segmentation of clear wood regions as defects, which then introduces confusion in the classification module. To reduce this problem, we use the fuzzy min–max neural network for image segmentation (FMMIS). The FMMIS method grows boxes from a set of seed pixels, yielding ideally the minimum bounded rectangle for each defect present in the wood board image. Additional features with texture information are considered for the feature extraction module, and multi-class support vector machines are compared with multilayer perceptron neural networks in the classification module. Results using the FMMIS, additional features, and a pairwise classification support vector machine on a 550 test wood image set containing 11 defect categories show 91% of correct classification, which is significantly better than the original 75% of the low-cost AVI system. The use of computational intelligence techniques improved significantly the overall performance of the proposed automated visual inspection system for wood boards. Keywords: AVI systemsimage segmentationwood defect classificationmulti-class support vector machines Acknowledgement This work was supported in part by Conicyt-Chile, under grant Fondecyt 1050751. Notes Notes 1. This article is an extended version of Ruz and Estévez (Citation2005).
Plant, Synthetic, and Endogenous Cannabinoids in Medicine (2005)

Although used for more than 4000 years for recreational and medicinal purposes, Cannabis and its best-known pharmacologically active constituents, the cannabinoids, became a protagonist in medical research only recently. This revival of interest is explained by the finding in the 1990s of the mechanism of action of the main psychotropic cannabinoid, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which acts through specific membrane receptors, the cannabinoid receptors. The molecular characterization of these receptors allowed the development of synthetic molecules with cannabinoid and noncannabinoid structure and with higher selectivity, metabolic stability, and efficacy than THC, as well as the development of antagonists that have already found pharmaceutical application. The finding of endogenous agonists at these receptors, the endocannabinoids, opened new therapeutic possibilities through the modulation of the activity of cannabinoid receptors by targeting the biochemical mechanisms controlling endocannabinoid tissue levels.
Long non-coding RNA profiling links subgroup classification of endometrioid endometrial carcinomas with trithorax and polycomb complex aberrations (2015)

Our results reveal the utility of systematic characterization of clinically annotated EEC in three clinically relevant subgroups. They also highlight the convergence of aberrations in polycomb- and trithorax-group genes in aggressive basal EEC subtypes, providing a rationale for further investigation of epigenetic therapy in this setting.
Proteome Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Capillary Electrophoresis Capillary Electrophoresis for Protein Analysis Single-Cell Analysis Two-Dimensional Separations Conclusions References
Magic boxes and boots: security in hardware (2004)

Computer users tend to think of computation - even the globally distributed computation that constitutes the Internet - in terms of what we see: the browser user interface, the text editor, the Gnome or OS X or Windows desktop. Similarly, we tend to think of computer security problems solely in terms of what users see: the application software, perhaps the OS underneath it, or perhaps even the "end to end" environment from one application installation to another. We discuss how hardware can be used to change the security game. From a security perspective, the first idea that comes to mind is to add a "magic box" to the computer - one that can hide secrets and computation even from an adversary with direct physical access.
Reversible Switching of Hydrogel-Actuated Nanostructures into Complex Micropatterns (2007)

Responsive behavior, which is intrinsic to natural systems, is becoming a key requirement for advanced artificial materials and devices, presenting a substantial scientific and engineering challenge. We designed dynamic actuation systems by integrating high-aspect-ratio silicon nanocolumns, either free-standing or substrate-attached, with a hydrogel layer. The nanocolumns were put in motion by the "muscle" of the hydrogel, which swells or contracts depending on the humidity level. This actuation resulted in a fast reversible reorientation of the nanocolumns from tilted to perpendicular to the surface. By further controlling the stress field in the hydrogel, the formation of a variety of elaborate reversibly actuated micropatterns was demonstrated. The mechanics of the actuation process have been assessed. Dynamic control over the movement and orientation of surface nanofeatures at the micron and submicron scales may have exciting applications in actuators, microfluidics, or responsive materials.
Protein arrays an excellent tool in biomedical research (2003)

Although excellent progress has been made in simultaneous analysis of the whole genome, great challenge remains in the highly paralleled analysis of proteome. The development of protein arrays represents a major technology advance in the proteomics field. Advances in protein array technology include chemical surfaces, capture reagents, detection methods and arraying devices. Protein arrays can be classified into different groups. Potential applications of protein arrays include: 1) measurement of protein expression; 2) identification of interactions between protein-protein, protein-DNA and protein-small molecule; 3) analysis of protein modifications; and 4) determination of antibodies. Such protein array technology holds great promise in biomedical research and clinical applications.
Bacteriotherapy for the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis caused by Clostridium difficile infection (2013)

Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used for more than five decades to treat a variety of intestinal diseases associated with pathological imbalances within the resident microbiota, termed dysbiosis. FMT has been particularly effective for treating patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection who are left with few clinical options other than continued antibiotic therapy. Our increasing knowledge of the structure and function of the human intestinal microbiota and C. difficile pathogenesis has led to the understanding that FMT promotes intestinal ecological restoration and highlights the microbiota as a viable therapeutic target. However, the use of undefined faecal samples creates a barrier for widespread clinical use because of safety and aesthetic issues. An emerging concept of bacteriotherapy, the therapeutic use of a defined mixture of harmless, health-associated bacteria, holds promise for the treatment of patients with severe C. difficile infection, and possibly represents a paradigm shift for the treatment of diseases linked to intestinal dysbiosis.
Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG affects the distribution of Fc receptor-bearing T lymphocytes in experimental pulmonary tuberculosis (1989)

Inbred strain 2 guinea pigs were vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG or were left unvaccinated and challenged 6 weeks later by the respiratory route with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. By using a double rosette assay with isotype-specific antibody-coated ox and uncoated rabbit erythrocytes, the proportions of T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G (IgG) (T gamma cells) or IgM (T mu cells) were quantified in tissues taken from animals that were killed within 4 weeks postchallenge. Tuberculin reactivity in vivo and in vitro and antimycobacterial resistance were also measured. BCG vaccination protected the guinea pigs and resulted in significantly enhanced proportions of T mu cells in the blood during the first 3 weeks and in the spleen during weeks 2 and 3 postchallenge. Levels of T gamma cells declined in all tissues during the first 3 weeks of infection and were unaffected by prior vaccination with BCG. Increased proportions of T mu cells in the blood were accompanied by dramatic tuberculin skin reactions and purified protein derivative-induced lymphoproliferation in BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs during the first 2 weeks following virulent pulmonary challenge. Peak levels of T mu cells in the spleens of vaccinated animals at 2 weeks coincided with the first appearance of virulent mycobacteria in that organ. BCG vaccination appears to influence immunoregulatory events in pulmonary tuberculosis through effects on the distribution of IgM Fc receptor-bearing (T mu cell) T lymphocytes.
Electrophilic Fragment-Based Design of Reversible Covalent Kinase Inhibitors (2013)

Fragment-based ligand design and covalent targeting of noncatalytic cysteines have been employed to develop potent and selective kinase inhibitors. Here, we combine these approaches, starting with a panel of low-molecular-weight, heteroaryl-susbstituted cyanoacrylamides, which we have previously shown to form reversible covalent bonds with cysteine thiols. Using this strategy, we identify electrophilic fragments with sufficient ligand efficiency and selectivity to serve as starting points for the first reported inhibitors of the MSK1 C-terminal kinase domain. Guided by X-ray co-crystal structures, indazole fragment 1 was elaborated to afford 12 (RMM-46), a reversible covalent inhibitor that exhibits high ligand efficiency and selectivity for MSK/RSK-family kinases. At nanomolar concentrations, 12 blocked activation of cellular MSK and RSK, as well as downstream phosphorylation of the critical transcription factor, CREB.
Use of chlorotoxin for targeting of primary brain tumors. (1998)

Gliomas are primary brain tumors that arise from differentiated glial cells through a poorly understood malignant transformation. Although glioma cells retain some genetic and antigenic features common to glial cells, they show a remarkable degree of antigenic heterogeneity and variable mutations in their genome. Glioma cells have recently been shown to express a glioma-specific chloride ion channel (GCC) that is sensitive to chlorotoxin (CTX), a small peptide purified from Leiurus quinquestriatus scorpion venom [N. Ullrich et al, Neuroreport, 7: 1020-1024, 1996; and N. Ullrich and H. Sontheimer, Am. J. Physiol. (Cell Physiol.), 270: C1511-C1521, 1996]. Using native and recombinant 125I-labeled CTX, we show that toxin binding to glioma cells is specific and involves high affinity [dissociation constant (Kd)=4.2 nM] and low affinity (Kd=660 nml) binding sites. In radioreceptor assays, 125I-labeled CTX binds to a protein with Mr=72,000, presumably GCC or a receptor that modulates GCC activity. In vivo targeting and biodistribution experiments were obtained using 125I- and (131)I-labeled CTX injected into severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing xenografted gliomas. CTX selectively accumulated in the brain of tumor-bearing mice with calculated brain: muscle ratios of 36.4% of injected dose/g (ID/g), as compared to 12.4% ID/g in control animals. In the tumor-bearing severe combined immunodeficient mice, the vast majority of the brain-associated radioactivity was localized within the tumor (tumor:muscle ratio, 39.13% ID/g; contralateral brain:muscle ratio, 6.68%ID/g). Moreover, (131)I-labeled CTX distribution, visualized through in vivo imaging by gamma ray camera scans, demonstrates specific and persistent intratumoral localization of the radioactive ligand. Immunohistochemical studies using biotinylated and fluorescently tagged CTX show highly selective staining of glioma cells in vitro, in situ, and in sections of patient biopsies. Comparison tissues including normal human brain, kidney, and colon were consistently negative for CTX immunostaining. These data suggest that CTX and CTX-conjugated molecules may serve as glioma-specific markers with diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
Synthesis of a Sequence-Specific DNA-Cleaving Peptide (1987)

A synthetic 52-residue peptide based on the sequence-specific DNA-binding domain of Hin recombinase (139-190) has been equipped with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at the amino terminus. In the presence of Fe(II), this synthetic EDTA-peptide cleaves DNA at Hin recombination sites. The cleavage data reveal that the amino terminus of Hin(139-190) is bound in the minor groove of DNA near the symmetry axis of Hin recombination sites. This work demonstrates the construction of a hybrid peptide combining two functional domains: sequence-specific DNA binding and DNA cleavage.
Quantitative analysis of protein phosphorylation status and protein kinase activity on microarrays using a novel fluorescent phosphorylation sensor dye (2003)

Ultrasensitive detection of minute amounts of phosphorylated proteins and peptides is a key requirement for unraveling many of the most important signal transduction pathways in mammalian systems. Protein microarrays are potentially useful tools for sensitive screening of global protein expression and post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation. However, the analysis of signaling pathways has been hampered by a lack of reagents capable of conveniently detecting the targets of protein kinases. Historically, phosphorylation detection methods have relied upon either radioisotopes ((gamma-(32)P)ATP(gamma-(33)P)ATP labeling) or phosphoamino acid-selective antibodies. Both of these methods suffer from relatively well-known shortcomings. In this study, a small molecule fluorophore phosphosensor technology is described, referred to as Pro-Q Diamond dye, which is capable of ultrasensitive global detection and quantitation of phosphorylated amino acid residues in peptides and proteins displayed on microarrays. The utility of the fluorescent Pro-Q Diamond phosphosensor dye technology is demonstrated using phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides as well as with protein kinase reactions performed in miniaturized microarray assay format. Instead of applying a phosphoamino acid-selective antibody labeled with a fluorescent or enzymatic tag for detection, a small, fluorescent probe is employed as a universal sensor of phosphorylation status. The detection limit for phosphoproteins on a variety of different commercially available protein array substrates was found to be 312-625 fg, depending upon the number of phosphate residues. Characterization of the enzymatic phosphorylation of immobilized peptide targets with Pro-Q Diamond dye readily permits differentiation between specific and non-specific peptide labeling at picogram to subpicogram levels of detection sensitivity.
Enzymatic Characterization of Human α1,3-Fucosyltransferase Fuc-TVII Synthesized in a B Cell Lymphoma Cell Line (1997)

The human alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase, Fuc-TVII, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of selectin ligands, was expressed as a soluble protein-A chimeric form in a human B cell lymphoma cell line, Namalwa KJM-1, and purified using IgG-Sepharose. The enzymatic properties of recombinant soluble Fuc-TVII were then examined. Its enzyme activity was highest at pH 7.5, and the presence of 25 mM Mn2+ was required for full activity. Fuc-TVII exhibits an acceptor specificity restricted to alpha2,3-sialylated type 2 oligosaccharides, and the apparent Km values for alpha2,3-sialyl lacto-N-neotetraose and GDP-fucose were 3.08 mM and 16.4 microM, respectively. The inhibitory effects of various nucleotides on the activity of Fuc-TVII reflected its donor specificity for the nucleotide portion of GDP. Fuc-TVII was demonstrated to be useful for the synthesis of a sialyl Lewis x hexasaccharide from lacto-N-neotetraose in combination with an alpha2, 3-sialyltransferase, ST3Gal IV. Polyethylene glycols enhanced the thermal stability of Fuc-TVII, leading to increased formation of the reaction product.
Seeded growth route to noble metal nanostructures (2013)

Seeded growth is a versatile solution-phase synthesis route to noble metal nanostructures. As the structure and concentration of the seeds as well as their growth kinetics can be manipulated independently, it enables convenient and precise control over the size and morphology of the target nanostructures. In this feature article, we summarize our recent progress in developing seeded growth techniques and provide a brief discussion of the principles for the rational design of noble metal nanostructures, emphasizing control over the reaction kinetics, the properties of the seed, the reduction potential of the involved reactive species, and the effect of spatial confinement imposed on the growth, for creating novel functional nanomaterials with well-defined sizes, structures, and properties.
Phage therapy: the Escherichia coli experience (2005)

Phages have been proposed as natural antimicrobial agents to fight bacterial infections in humans, in animals or in crops of agricultural importance. Phages have also been discussed as hygiene measures in food production facilities and hospitals. These proposals have a long history, but are currently going through a kind of renaissance as documented by a spate of recent reviews. This review discusses the potential of phage therapy with a specific example, namely Escherichia coli.
Effect of Statin Treatment on Vasospasm, Delayed Cerebral Ischemia, and Functional Outcome in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2009)

The results of the present systematic review do not lend statistically significant support to the finding of a beneficial effect of statins in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage as reported in a previous meta-analysis.
The Relation of Apolipoproteins A-I and B in Children to Parental Myocardial Infarction (1986)

Clinical studies suggest that serum levels of apolipoproteins A-I and B may be more strongly related to coronary artery disease than are their respective lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions. Therefore, we assessed the association between levels of apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A-I, lipids, and lipoprotein cholesterols in children and the reported histories of myocardial infarction in their parents in a survey of 2416 black and white school-age children. As compared with children whose fathers did not report a myocardial infarction, those whose fathers reported having had an infarction (n = 139) had a lower mean level of apolipoprotein A-I (137 vs. 141 mg per deciliter; P = 0.04) and a lower ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein B (1.08 vs. 1.11; P = 0.007), along with a higher ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-I (0.64 vs. 0.61; P = 0.04). These associations existed independently of the children's race, sex, age, and history of obesity, smoking, alcohol intake, and use of oral contraceptives. Children whose mothers reported having had a myocardial infarction (n = 56) had no decrease in the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein B, but they tended to have an elevated ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-I. In contrast, serum lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions in children were not related to myocardial infarctions in either parent. These results provide further evidence that apolipoproteins are more strongly related to the risk of cardiovascular disease than are lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Nanoelectrode Ensembles (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFabrication and Evaluation of Nanoelectrode EnsemblesVinod P. Menon and Charles R. MartinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 13, 1920–1928Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00109a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00109a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4633Altmetric-Citations625LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Radiological imaging in pneumonia: recent innovations (2007)

Combination of pattern recognition with knowledge of the clinical setting is the best approach to the radiologic interpretation of pneumonia. Radiological imaging will narrow the differential diagnosis of direct additional diagnostic measures and serve as an ideal tool for follow-up examinations.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as nanocarriers (2011)

Modern nanomedicine aims at delivering drugs or cells specifically to defective cells; therefore, this calls for developing multifunctional nanocarriers for drug delivery and cell-tracking. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are well suited for this task. In this feature article, we highlight the strategies in the synthesis and functionalization of small, uniform and colloidal stable MSNs. We then discuss cell uptake of MSNs and tracking cells, as both aspects are closely related to the efficacy of drug delivery and theranostics. Some examples of stimulated drug delivery are described. For application considerations, toxicity and pharmacokinetics are critical issues and in vivo studies are summarized.
Analysis of a campus-wide wireless network (2002)

Understanding usage patterns in wireless local-area networks (WLANs) is critical for those who develop, deploy, and manage WLAN technology, as well as those who develop systems and application software for wireless networks. This paper presents results from the largest and most comprehensive trace of network activity in a large, production wireless LAN. For eleven weeks we traced the activity of nearly two thousand users drawn from a general campus population, using a campus-wide network of 476 access points spread over 161 buildings. Our study expands on those done by Tang and Baker, with a significantly larger and broader population.We found that residential traffic dominated all other traffic, particularly in residences populated by newer students; students are increasingly choosing a wireless laptop as their primary computer. Although web protocols were the single largest component of traffic volume, network backup and file sharing contributed an unexpectedly large amount to the traffic. Although there was some roaming within a network session, we were surprised by the number of situations in which cards roamed excessively, unable to settle on one access point. Cross-subnet roams were an especial problem, because they broke IP connections, indicating the need for solutions that avoid or accommodate such roams.