gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benefits of Fish Meal in Aquaculture Diets (2006)

FA122, a 7-page fact sheet by R.D. Miles and F.A. Chapman, introduces the reader to this important feed ingredient used in aquaculture as well as swine and poultry production. The authors explain what fish meal is, how it is produced, and its dietary benefits, including high quality protein, amino acid profile, palatability, lipid content, high digestibility, and nutrient content. Additionally the authors address issues of sustainability for the aquaculture industry in the face of increases in worldwide aquaculture production and the demands this will place on commercial fishmeal production. Published by the UF Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, May 2006. FA122/FA122: The Benefits of Fish Meal in Aquaculture Diets (ufl.edu)
MyoD induces myogenic differentiation through cooperation of its NH2- and COOH-terminal regions (2005)

MyoD and Myf5 are basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that play key but redundant roles in specifying myogenic progenitors during embryogenesis. However, there are functional differences between the two transcription factors that impact myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Target gene activation could be one such difference. We have used microarray and polymerase chain reaction approaches to measure the induction of muscle gene expression by MyoD and Myf5 in an in vitro model. In proliferating cells, MyoD and Myf5 function very similarly to activate the expression of likely growth phase target genes such as L-myc, m-cadherin, Mcpt8, Runx1, Spp1, Six1, IGFBP5, and Chrnbeta1. MyoD, however, is strikingly more effective than Myf5 at inducing differentiation-phase target genes. This distinction between MyoD and Myf5 results from a novel and unanticipated cooperation between the MyoD NH2- and COOH-terminal regions. Together, these results support the notion that Myf5 functions toward myoblast proliferation, whereas MyoD prepares myoblasts for efficient differentiation.
Effect of Microwave Irradiation on the Condensation of 6-Substituted 3-Formylchromones with Some Five-membered Heterocyclic Compounds (2000)

Different types of 3-substituted 4H-4-oxobenzopyrans were prepared by microwave irradiation as well as by a classical method. The beneficial effect of microwave irradiation on the aldol condensation of 3-formylchromones with 2-imino-1-methylimidazolidine-4-one (creatinine), 2-thioxoimidazolidine-4-one (thiohydantoin) and 2-ethyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (3-ethylrhodanine) in different reaction media is described. Our results show that the effect of microwave irradiation on the reactions studied was a shortening of the reaction times and a smooth increase in the yields. The subsequent reactions of the product with some nucleophiles are discussed. The structure of the products was proven by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectra.
SB 203580 is a specific inhibitor of a MAP kinase homologue which is stimulated by cellular stresses and interleukin‐1 (1995)

A class of pyridinyl imidazoles inhibit the MAP kinase homologue, termed here reactivating kinase (RK) [Lee et al. (1994) Nature 372, 739-746]. We now show that one of these compounds (SB 203580) inhibits RK in vitro (IC50 = 0.6 microM), suppresses the activation of MAPKAP kinase-2 and prevents the phosphorylation of heat shock protein (HSP) 27 in response to interleukin-1, cellular stresses and bacterial endotoxin in vivo. These results establish that MAPKAP kinase-2 is a physiological RK substrate, and that HSP27 is phosphorylated by MAPKAP kinase-2 in vivo. The specificity of SB 203580 was indicated by its failure to inhibit 12 other protein kinases in vitro, and by its lack of effect on the activation of RK kinase and other MAP kinase cascades in vivo. We suggest that SB 203580 will be useful for identifying other physiological roles and targets of RK and MAPKAP kinase-2.
Transgenic mice that express the human multidrug-resistance gene in bone marrow enable a rapid identification of agents that reverse drug resistance. (1991)

The development of preclinical models for the rapid testing of agents that circumvent multidrug resistance in cancer is a high priority of research on drug resistance. A common form of multidrug resistance in human cancer results from expression of the MDR1 gene, which encodes a Mr 170,000 glycoprotein that functions as a plasma membrane energy-dependent multidrug efflux pump. We have engineered transgenic mice that express this multidrug transporter in their bone marrow and demonstrated that these animals are resistant to leukopenia by a panel of anticancer drugs including anthracyclines, vinca alkaloids, etoposide, taxol, and actinomycin D. Differential leukocyte counts indicate that both neutrophils and lymphocytes are protected. Drugs such as cisplatin, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil, which are not handled by the multidrug transporter, produce bone marrow suppression in both normal and transgenic mice. The resistance conferred by the MDR1 gene can be circumvented in a dose-dependent manner by simultaneous administration of agents previously shown to be inhibitors of the multidrug transporter in vitro, including verapamil isomers, quinidine, and quinine. Verapamil and quinine, both at levels suitable for human trials that produced only partial sensitization of the MDR1-transgenic mice, were fully sensitizing when used in combination. We conclude that MDR1-transgenic mice provide a rapid and reliable system to determine the bioactivity of agents that reverse multidrug resistance in animals.
Novel Glycated [99mTc(CO)3]-Labeled Bombesin Analogues for Improved Targeting of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor-Positive Tumors (2008)

Radiolabeled bombesin (BBS) analogues are promising pharmaceuticals for imaging of cancer cells expressing gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR). However, most of the radiolabeled BBS derivatives show a high accumulation of activity in the liver and a strong hepatobiliary excretion, both unfavorable for imaging and therapy of abdominal lesions. For this reason, we introduced hydrophilic carbohydrated linker moieties into our BBS analogues to reduce the abdominal accumulation and to improve the tumor-to-background ratios. A stabilized BBS(7-14) sequence bearing the (NalphaHis)Ac-chelator was modified with amino acid linkers containing a lysine or propargylglycine residue. The epsilon-amino group of a lysine was either coupled to shikimic acid or reacted with glucose to form the Amadori conjugate. Alternatively, a glucose was attached to the peptide via "click" chemistry with the propargylglycine side chain. The peptides were synthesized on Rink amide resin using solid-phase peptide synthesis and labeled with 99mTc using the tricarbonyl technique. Binding and degradation were tested in Vitro in GRPR-expressing PC-3 cells. Biodistribution and SPECT/CT imaging studies were performed in nude mice bearing PC-3 tumor xenografts. The new peptides showed a log D between -0.2 and -0.5 and kept the high affinity for GRPR with Kd values of <0.5 nM. In Vitro, they were rapidly internalized into the tumor cells and showed an increased cellular retention and stability (t(1/2 )>35 min). In ViVo, all new compounds exhibited higher tumor-to-background ratios compared to the nonglycated reference. Thus, the best results were obtained with the triazole coupled glucose with a 4-fold increased uptake and retention in tumor tissue (3.6 and 2.5%ID/g at 1.5 h and 5 h p.i, respectively) and a significantly reduced accumulation in the liver (0.6 vs 2.4%ID/g, 1.5 h p.i., respectively). Apart from higher tumor-to-liver ratios (17-fold, 1.5 h p.i.), both tumor-to-kidney and tumor-to-blood ratios could be significantly improved by a factor of 1.5 and 2.7, respectively (1.5 h p.i., P<0.05). The imaging studies proved the reduction of abdominal background, and tumor xenografts could clearly be visualized. In conclusion, the introduction of a carbohydrated linker substantially improved the biodistribution properties of BBS analogues labeled with the 99mTc-tricarbonyl core.
Beyond Oil and Gas: The Methanol Economy (2005)

Methanol, a convenient liquid fuel and raw material for synthetic hydrocarbons, offers an alternative to depleting sources of fossil fuels and can be produced, for example, by reacting H2 with CO2 from industrial effluents or the atmosphere—good news with regards to global-warming concerns. This Essay discusses various aspects of current and alternative energy sources, with a particular focus on the “methanol economy” (see scheme).
Ultra Deep Anisotropic Silicon Trenches Using Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) (2000)

This paper reports solutions to the problem of profile control of narrow trenches in the vicinity of wider topographic features, as well as for etching high aspect ratio, anisotropic trenches with depths in the 300 to 500 urn range, and of widths between 12 to 18 urn.
Substrate use in ischemic and reperfused canine myocardium: quantitative considerations (1987)

The patterns of use of substrate in reperfused myocardium are not yet well elucidated, and their delineation is essential for adequate interpretation of results of analyses performed after positron emission tomography with labeled substrates to differentiate normal from abnormal heart muscle. Accordingly, in open-chest, anesthetized dogs we measured glucose and fatty acid utilization in normal, ischemic, and reperfused myocardium and assessed the contributions of metabolism of each substrate to overall oxidative metabolism. Intracoronary [3H]glucose and [14C]palmitate were administered in five control dogs, eight dogs subjected to 1 h of coronary occlusion, and nine dogs subjected to reperfusion after 1 h of ischemia. Regional coronary venous blood samples were assayed sequentially. In reperfused myocardium, utilization of glucose (463 +/- 88 nmol X g-1 X min-1) was 103% greater than that in ischemic and 273% greater than in normal myocardium (P less than 0.05 for each). Utilization of fatty acid during reperfusion (55 +/- 10 nmol X g-1 X min-1), although greater than that in ischemic myocardium, was significantly less than that in normal myocardium (48% of control, P less than 0.05) despite restoration of flow to 80% of control values. Although glucose constituted 70% of the substrate oxidized in ischemic myocardium, its contribution to overall oxidative metabolism in reperfused myocardium was only 25%. In contrast, despite diminished net uptake of fatty acid, oxidation of fatty acid accounted for 63% of total oxygen consumption in reperfused myocardium. These studies indicate that canine myocardium reperfused after 1 h of ischemia exhibits enhanced uptake of glucose and impaired utilization of palmitate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characterization of the Recombinant Proteins of Porcine Circovirus Type2 Field Isolate Expressed in the Baculovirus System (2002)

Porcine circovirus (PCV) type2 was isolated using primary porcine kidney cells from lymph node of piglets with typical PMWS. The presence of the virus was identified by PCR using primers specific to PCV type2. The ORFs 1 and 2 were amplified by PCR using primers corresponding to the target genes of the PCV type 2. Cloned genes were inserted into the baculovirus expression vector and PCV recombinant proteins were expressed using baculovirus expression system. Recombinant protein expression was determined by indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and immunoblotting using polyclonal antiserum to PCV. ORF1 gene expressed two proteins with approximately 17 kDa and 31 kDa proteins in the baculovirus system. Recombinant protein of the ORF2 was similar to that of the native virus except minor bands with different molecular weight were detected. Recombinant protein expressed in the baculovirus system showed at least two glycosylation sites based on the tunicamycin treatment. Recombinant protein of the ORF2 assembled virus-like particle in recombinant virus infected insect cells.
Variants in clones of gene-machine-synthesized oligodeoxynucleotides (1986)

We have found numerous sequence variants in clones of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing tRNA genes. In four constructs, the frequency of variants was 8/20 or 40% per clone and 10/3152 or 0.3% per nucleotide (see table ). Other researchers have also observed variants in synthetic oligos; thus, care must be exercised with this technology.
Intestinal absorption of peptides by coupling to bile acids. (1994)

Poor intestinal absorption of peptides greatly limits their use as drugs for the treatment of chronic diseases. Since bile acids are efficiently absorbed by an active, Na(+)-dependent transport system in the ileum of mammals, model peptides of different chain length were attached to the 3-position of modified 3 beta-(omega-amino-alkoxy)-7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid. These peptide-bile acid conjugates inhibited Na(+)-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake into brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from rabbit ileum in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, photoaffinity labeling of the bile acid-binding proteins of M(r) 93,000 and 14,000, identified as the protein components of the ileal Na(+)-dependent bile acid transport system in rabbit ileum (Kramer, W., Girbig, F., Gutjahr, U., Kowalewski, S., Jouvenal, K., Müller, G., Tripier, D., and Wess, G. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 18035-18046) by the photoreactive taurocholate analogue, (3,3-azo-7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta [7 beta, -12 beta-3H]cholan-24-oyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, was inhibited by the peptide-bile acid conjugates. In contrast, the parent peptides and amino acids neither had a significant effect on [3H]taurocholate uptake by ileal brush-border membrane vesicles nor on photoaffinity labeling of the ileal bile acid-binding membrane proteins. The inhibitory effect of peptide-bile acid conjugates on [3H]taurocholate transport and photoaffinity labeling of the bile acid-binding proteins in rabbit ileal vesicles decreased with increasing chain length of the attached peptide radical. By in vivo ileum perfusion in anesthetized rats an intestinal absorption of the bile acid conjugate S3744 of the fluorescent oxaprolylpeptide 4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-beta-Ala-Phe-5-Opr-Gly (S1037) and secretion of the intact compound into bile could be demonstrated, whereas the parent peptide S1037 or its t-butylester S4404 were not absorbed. The intestinal absorption of S3744 showed a similar temperature dependence as [3H]taurocholate absorption and was inhibited by the presence of taurocholate indicating a carrier-mediated uptake of S3744 via the ileal bile acid transporter. In conclusion, these results indicate that oligopeptides can be made enterally absorable by coupling to modified bile acid molecules making use of the specific intestinal absorption pathway for bile acids. This finding may be of great importance for the design and development of orally active peptide drugs.
Siteseer (1997)

article Free Access Share on Siteseer: personalized navigation for the Web Authors: James Rucker San Francisco-based Imana, Inc. San Francisco-based Imana, Inc.View Profile , Marcos J. Polanco Imana, Inc., San Francisco, Calif. Imana, Inc., San Francisco, Calif.View Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 40Issue 3March 1997 pp 73–76https://doi.org/10.1145/245108.245125Published:01 March 1997Publication History 171citation1,527DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations171Total Downloads1,527Last 12 Months48Last 6 weeks10 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Deep sequencing of small RNAs identifies canonical and non-canonical miRNA and endogenous siRNAs in mammalian somatic tissues (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. They are characterized by specific maturation processes defined by canonical and non-canonical biogenic pathways. Analysis of ∼0.5 billion sequences from mouse data sets derived from different tissues, developmental stages and cell types, partly characterized by either ablation or mutation of the main proteins belonging to miRNA processor complexes, reveals 66 high-confidence new genomic loci coding for miRNAs that could be processed in a canonical or non-canonical manner. A proportion of the newly discovered miRNAs comprises mirtrons, for which we define a new sub-class. Notably, some of these newly discovered miRNAs are generated from untranslated and open reading frames of coding genes, and we experimentally validate these. We also show that many annotated miRNAs do not present miRNA-like features, as they are neither processed by known processing complexes nor loaded on AGO2; this indicates that the current miRNA miRBase database list should be refined and re-defined. Accordingly, a group of them map on ribosomal RNA molecules, whereas others cannot undergo genuine miRNA biogenesis. Notably, a group of annotated miRNAs are Dgcr8 independent and DICER dependent endogenous small interfering RNAs that derive from a unique hairpin formed from a short interspersed nuclear element.
La dimensión logística de la racionalización productiva y comercial (1996)

FranciaLes entreprises industrielles et commerciales franaises ont connu dans les dernires dcennies un important processus de modernisation et d'amlioration de leurs positions concurrentielles qui repose sur un nombre important de facteurs.Parmi ceux-ci nous pouvons signaler la proccupation croissante pour les problmes de qualite et l'effort men pour le dveloppement d'une large gamme de produits.Un autre axe essentiel de modernisation a consist pour elles adapter progressivement leur structures organisationnelles un systme pilot par la demande, o la distribution moderne joue un rle primordial d'articulation et de coordination.Un lmet galement important, qui de notre point de vue semble essentiel, est la proccupation constante de la rationalisation des systmes productifs, logistiques et commerciaux.Ceci afin d'obtenir une diminution des cots, et par l mme une meilleure position concurrentielle.Dans le cadre de ce processus conomique de long terme, notre analyse s'intresse tout particulirement aux stratgies de rationalisation productive et ses consquences en termes d'conomies de cots.Suivant notre perspective et dans le secteur agro-alimentaire,les innovations de type organisationnelles ont jou un rle essentiel dans ce processus de rationalisation.En effet, l'volution substantielle ralise dans les activits de type logistique, travers la diffusion de diffrentes innovations organisationnelles, occupe une place importante dans le pocessus de rationalisation.Etant donn son importance conomique, la rationalisation des activits logistiques est un lment important permettant une baisse des cots, C'est un facteur essentiel pour russir une amlioration du positionnement concurrentiel des entreprises industrielles et commerciales.Notre travail prsente les diffrentes perspectives du problme de rationalisation des activits logistiques.En premier lieu, on dfinit le cadre gnral du processus de changement logistique, d'une grande importance, rsultat de l'mergence d'une nouvelle forme paradigmatique de l'organisation des changes commerciaux.Ceci est complt par certaines prcisions permettant de dfinir notre concept d'activit logistique, ainsi que des informations sur l'volution des cots.Le travail introduit, plus en dtail, le problme des plates-formes logistiques, axe essentiel de la configuration du nouveau paradigme logistico-commercial. On insiste sur l'objectif de rationalisation qui anime le processus de changement, observable lors de la baisse des cots d'oprations, de mme que lors de la diffusion de certains facteurs techniques comme le recours des tempratures contrles, afin d'amliorer la qualit des produits.On fait, pour ilustrer l'importance du problme, un panorama des plates-formes l'chelle nationale.On cherche claircir l'ide, selon laquelle le dveloppement des stratgies micro-conomiques des agents, a progressivement donn lieu un nouveau systme logistico-commercial une chelle nationale.
Bioengineering Models of Cell Signaling (2000)

Strategies for rationally manipulating cell behavior in cell-based technologies and molecular therapeutics and understanding effects of environmental agents on physiological systems may be derived from a mechanistic understanding of underlying signaling mechanisms that regulate cell functions. Three crucial attributes of signal transduction necessitate modeling approaches for analyzing these systems: an ever-expanding plethora of signaling molecules and interactions, a highly interconnected biochemical scheme, and concurrent biophysical regulation. Because signal flow is tightly regulated with positive and negative feedbacks and is bidirectional with commands traveling both from outside-in and inside-out, dynamic models that couple biophysical and biochemical elements are required to consider information processing both during transient and steady-state conditions. Unique mathematical frameworks will be needed to obtain an integrated perspective on these complex systems, which operate over wide length and time scales. These may involve a two-level hierarchical approach wherein the overall signaling network is modeled in terms of effective "circuit" or "algorithm" modules, and then each module is correspondingly modeled with more detailed incorporation of its actual underlying biochemical/biophysical molecular interactions.
(.+-.)-Hysterin: revised structure and total synthesis (1979)

The total synthesis of the pseudoguaianolide (±)-hysterin (1) has led to the revision of the originally assigned structure 2. Both 1 and 2 were obtained from diol 6β via routine transformations. Unexpectedly, 6β was found to be the minor isomer at C-10 upon catalytic hydrogenation of butenolide 5. The latter product was synthesized from synthon 3 via a four-step sequence, involving inter alia a selective Wittig reaction with (methyloxymethylene)triphenylphosphorane on diketone 3.
To mix or not to mix – compatibilities of parenteral drug solutions (2008)

many injectable drugs cannot be mixed together in syringes or infusions. Some cannot be safely diluted in infusion bags. Incompatibility can involve precipitation, ionic reactions, evolution of gas and denaturation of biological molecules. Knowledge of drug compatibility is needed before mixing drugs. Reference texts can provide information, but data are often unavailable for new drugs. If drugs are mixed together, the mixture should be inspected for precipitates, turbidity or changes in colour, however not all incompatibilities are visible.