gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spinal muscular atrophy: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies (2010)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder and a leading genetic cause of infantile mortality. SMA is caused by mutation or deletion of Survival Motor Neuron-1 (SMN1). The clinical features of the disease are caused by specific degeneration of alpha-motor neurons in the spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy and, in the majority of cases, premature death. A highly homologous copy gene (SMN2) is retained in almost all SMA patients but fails to generate adequate levels of SMN protein due to its defective splicing pattern. The severity of the SMA phenotype is inversely correlated with SMN2 copy number and the level of full-length SMN protein produced by SMN2 ( approximately 10-15% compared with SMN1). The natural history of SMA has been altered over the past several decades, primarily through supportive care measures, but an effective treatment does not presently exist. However, the common genetic etiology and recent progress in pre-clinical models suggest that SMA is well-suited for the development of therapeutic regimens. We summarize recent advances in translational research that hold promise for the progression towards clinical trials.
Optimal tile partition for space region of integrated circuits geometry (1993)

An optimal tile partition (OTP) is presented for partitioning the space region of a VLSI layout plane into rectangular space tiles. It modifies the corner stitching data structure to optimise the space tile partition. There is a serious restriction in the original corner stitching data structure, i.e. the solid rectangles cannot overlap each other, whereas our OTP allows overlapping. This paper also shows three theorems with rigor ous proofs and experimental results to obtain the minimal number of the space tiles through the OTP. Moreover, a dynamic plane-sweep algorithm based on region query for the OTP has been developed. Using the OTP, the memory efficiency and the local query operations of the original corner stitching data structure have been enhanced.
Developing Options for Providing Water for the Environment in the Onkaparinga River Catchment (2003)

This paper describes the approach and outcomes from a recent study of the environmental flows of the Onkaparinga River Catchment in South Australia. The hydrology of the catchment has been significantly impacted by the operation of the water supply system which includes pumping water from the River Murray, Mt Bold Dam and Clarendon Weir, which diverts the majority of the catchment's streamflow for Adelaide's water supply. This substantial multi-disciplinary study over some 3 years is one of the largest projects of its type ever undertaken in the state. The paper describes the application of a new framework for estimating environmental water requirements (EWRs) which is based upon the philosophy of flow components and results in a range of flows, rather than a single recommended flow. The paper also covers the identification of priority environmental flow needs based upon the environmental condition, the current degree to which the EWRs are being satisfied and the prioritisation of different flow components. Options for providing water to satisfy these priority needs are then identified and developed.
Proton NMR characterization of poly(ethylene glycols) and derivatives (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton NMR characterization of poly(ethylene glycols) and derivativesJulian M. Dust, Zhi Hao Fang, and J. Milton HarrisCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 16, 3742–3746Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00218a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00218a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11385Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effects of Varying Dietary Carbohydrate and Fat Content on Survival in a Murine LNCaP Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model (2009)

These results support further preclinical exploration of carbohydrate restriction in prostate cancer and possibly warrant pilot or feasibility testing in humans.
Structural Basis of Integrin Regulation and Signaling (2007)

Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that mediate cell-cell, cell-extracellular matrix, and cell-pathogen interactions. They play critical roles for the immune system in leukocyte trafficking and migration, immunological synapse formation, costimulation, and phagocytosis. Integrin adhesiveness can be dynamically regulated through a process termed inside-out signaling. In addition, ligand binding transduces signals from the extracellular domain to the cytoplasm in the classical outside-in direction. Recent structural, biochemical, and biophysical studies have greatly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of integrin bidirectional signaling across the plasma membrane. Large-scale reorientations of the ectodomain of up to 200 A couple to conformational change in ligand-binding sites and are linked to changes in alpha and beta subunit transmembrane domain association. In this review, we focus on integrin structure as it relates to affinity modulation, ligand binding, outside-in signaling, and cell surface distribution dynamics.
Haemolysis induced by tyrosine crystals: Modifiers and inhibitors (1976)

Tyrosine as a solid, but not in solution, caused human erythrocyte haemolysis. Haemolysis was increased with higher tyrosine concentrations and extended incubation times; it was greater at 37degrees than 4degreesC, and decreased by higher erythrocyte concentrations. Titration of phenolic groups on the surface of di-iodotyrosine crystals altered the extent of di-iodotyrosine-induced haemolysis. Haemolysis induced by tyrosine was inhibited by polyethylene glycol (mol.wt. 6000 or 20000) in a competitive fashion; polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene non-ionic detergents, polyvinylpyrrolidone (mol.wt. 40000 or 360000), 0.25-1.0M-NaC1, 0.25-1.0 M-KC1 and 0.25 M-NaSCN also inhibited haemolysis. H+-ion donation from the phenolic groups of tyrosine is suggested as part of the mechanism of haemolysis. Non-ionic detergents may inhibit tyrosine-crystal-induced haemolysis by binding the phenolic groups at the surface of the crystal.
Comparison of Sulfamate and Sulfamide Groups for the Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase-II by Using Topiramate as a Structural Platform (2004)

This paper examines the relative effectiveness of sulfamate and sulfamide groups for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II). Topiramate (1) and its sulfamide analogue 4, and 4,5-cyclic sulfate 6 and its sulfamide analogue 5, were compared for inhibition of human CA-II. A colorimetric assay, based on the pH shift that accompanies hydration of carbon dioxide, and an esterase assay were used. For these bioisosteric pairs, 1/4 and 6/5, the sulfamate compound was markedly more potent than its sulfamide counterpart. A similar, large difference in potency was also observed for the sulfamate/sulfamide pairs 14/15 and 16/17. These results indicate that the sulfamide moiety is not particularly suitable for obtaining potent carbonic anhydrase inhibition. A discussion of this structure-activity relationship with respect to the interactions of 1 and 6 with CA-II from published X-ray data is presented. A metabolic acidosis study was performed in rats with 1, 4, 6, and 2, and the results are discussed with respect to the degree of inhibition of CA-II in vivo.
The Omega Dependence of the Evolution of the Two-Point Correlation Function (1996)

The evolution of the two-point correlation function, \\xi(r,z), and the pairwise velocity dispersion, \\sigma(r,z), for both the matter, \\xirho and halo population, \\xihh, are described. If the evolution of \\xi is parameterized by \\xi(r,z)=(1+z)^{-(3+\\eps)}\\xi(r,0), where \\xi(r,0)=(r/r_0)^{-\\gamma}, then \\epsrho = 1.04 \\pm 0.09 for \\omeone\\ and \\epsrho = 0.18 \\pm 0.12 for \\ometwo, as measured by the the evolution of \\xirho\\ at 1 Mpc (from z \\sim 5 to the present epoch). For halos, \\eps\\ depends also on the mean density. A range of \\eps\\ values is obtained: -0.2 \\simless \\epshh \\simless 1.0 for \\omeone\\ and -1.4 \\simless \\epshh \\simless -0.4 for \\ometwo. This result could be used to constrain the mean density of the universe. The evolution of the pairwise velocity dispersion for the mass and halo distribution is measured and compared with the evolution predicted by the Cosmic Virial Theorem (CVT). According to the CVT, \\sigma(r,z)^2 \\sim G Q \\rho(z) r^2 \\xi(r,z) or \\sigma \\propto (1+z)^{-\\eps/2}. The values of \\eps measured from our simulated velocities differ from those given by the evolution of \\xi and the CVT, keeping \\gamma and Q constant: \\eps = 1.78 \\pm 0.13 for \\omeone\\ or \\eps = 1.40 \\pm 0.28 for \\ometwo.
Anatomy of electric field control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at Fe/MgO interfaces (2016)

The charge-mediated effect of electric field on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of Fe/MgO interfaces is investigated using first-principles calculations. We present an approach by discussing this effect in relation to the intrinsic dipole field existing at the Fe/MgO interface. A firm correlation between the PMA and the interfacial dipole is established and further verified in the absence of an applied electric field. The on-site projected PMA analysis not only elucidates that the effect of electric field on the PMA extends beyond the interfacial Fe layer, but also shows that the second Fe layer carries the largest contribution to the effect. This observation is interpreted in relation to the orbital hybridization changes induced by applying an electric field.
Effect of Chronic Electrical Stimulation of the Centromedian Thalamic Nuclei on Various Intractable Seizure Patterns: II. Psychological Performance and Background EEG Activity (1993)

We studied the effect of electrical stimulation of centromedian thalamic nuclei (ESCM) on seizure control and paroxysmal EEG activity in 23 patients. We report the effect of chronic ESCM on psychological performance and background EEG activity of patients with various intractable seizure patterns. In each patient, a simple specifically designed neuropsychological scales (one for adults and one for children) was administered at the end of the baseline (BL), ESCM, and poststimulation (Post) periods; and 14 consecutive EEG recordings during these periods were performed to determine the degree of neuropsychological improvement and the temporal course of EEG changes. A significant increase in psychological scores and the number of background EEG waves per 10 s was noted in groups A (generalized tonic-clonic seizures, GTC), C (complex partial seizures, CPS), and D (generalized tonic seizures) and the total group of patients from BL to ESCM and from BL to Post periods. Group B patients showed a substantial increase (partial motor seizures) during the same periods. Improvement on psychological performance correlated better with age and baseline degree of deterioration than with the nature of the particular psychological improvement in any given subtest. The improvement in EEG background rhythm was most noticeable at the end of ESCM and at the beginning of the Post periods. Complete normalization of neuropsychologic scores and EEG rhythms was rare, but improvement was significant for both. Psychological scores increased from BL 14 +/- 2 to ESCM 21 +/- 2 and Post 23 +/- 2 (normal expected 26), and EEG background rhythm increased from BL 42 +/- 2 to ESCM 62 +/- 2 and Post 54 +/- 2 EEG waves/10 s. (normal expected > 80).
A New Avenue toward Androgen Receptor Pan-antagonists: C2 Sterically Hindered Substitution of Hydroxy-propanamides (2014)

The androgen receptor (AR) represents the primary target for prostate cancer (PC) treatment even when the disease progresses toward androgen-independent (AIPC) or castration-resistant (CRPC) forms. Because small chemical changes in the structure of nonsteroidal AR ligands determine the pharmacological responses of AR, we developed a novel stereoselective synthetic strategy that allows sterically hindered C2-substituted bicalutamide analogues to be obtained. Biological and theoretical evaluations demonstrate that C2-substitution with benzyl and phenyl moieties is a new, valuable option toward improving pan-antagonist behavior. Among the synthesized compounds, (R)-16m, when compared to casodex, (R)-bicalutamide, and enzalutamide, displayed very promising in vitro activity toward five different prostate cancer cell lines, all representative of CPRC and AIPC typical mutations. Despite being less active than (R)-bicalutamide, (R)-16m also displayed marked in vivo antitumor activity on VCaP xenografts and thus it may serve as starting point for developing novel AR pan-antagonists.
CULTURE OF ISOLATED ADIPOSE TISSUE CELLS (1987)

This paper reviews methods used to culture cells isolated from adipose tissue. A procedure for digestion of adipose tissue is described along with methods for culturing the preadipocytes containing stromal cell fraction and the isolated mature adipocytes. The adipocyte culture method described employs a collagen matrix to maintain the cells in a differentiated state. In contrast, adipocytes cultured with other methods do not survive, whereas contaminating cells grow, resulting in an apparent dedifferentiation phenomenon. A method for metabolic experiments with these cells is described. A common method for culturing the preadipocyte and stromal cell fractions is also described. The characteristics of preadipocyte development in culture are described, and a method for measuring preadipocyte proliferation rate in mixed cell type cultures is presented.
Eosinophilic Inflammation in Asthma (1990)

Eosinophilic inflammation of the airways is correlated with the severity of asthma. These cells are likely to play a part in the epithelial damage seen in this disease.
Active Damping-Based Control for Grid-Connected $LCL$ -Filtered Inverter With Injected Grid Current Feedback Only (2013)

An LCL-type filter is widely used in the grid-connected inverter. However, with only injected grid current control, the current harmonics and low bandwidth caused by the resonance peak cannot be tolerated. The active damping (AD) method with an extra feedback provides a high rejection of the resonance so that the dynamic is improved; however, the high-precision sensing circuit for the extra feedback increases the cost. In this paper, with the signal flow graph and response-fitting methods, an AD method based on the feedback of the injected grid current has been proposed. Then, the novel closed-loop current control requires accurately sensing the injected grid current only, while no observation is needed. Compared with the extra feedback methods, the cost and the complexity are reduced while the reliability is improved. Based on the study of the relation between the controller and the system dynamic, a straightforward design has been proposed. The robustness, harmonic rejection, and digital implementation have been studied. Compared with the conventional control methods, the proposed one promises the satisfactory performance with both analog and digital implementations. Simulations and experiments have verified the proposed control and design strategies.
Relation of the Equilibrium Contact Angle to Liquid and Solid Constitution (1964)

A review of the author's investigations of the equilibrium contact angles of pure liquids on low- and high-energy solid surfaces, both bare and covered with a condensed monomolecular adsorbed film, includes the critical surface tension of wetting and the effect of homology on spreading by pure liquids, the causes of nonspreading on high-energy surfaces, and the existence and properties of autophobic liquids and oleophobic monolayers. Constitutive relationships are summarized in a table of critical surface tensions of wetting. The theory and application of the retraction method of preparing adsorbed monolayers from solution and the conditions for mixed films are presented. Studies of the wetting behavior of solutions of various surfactants and the resultant explanation of the function of a wetting agent are generalized to include nonaqueous systems. Following estimates of the reversible work of adhesion of liquids to solids, the part played by wetting in obtaining optimum adhesion by adhesives is outlined, and a fundamental explanation is given of constitutive effects in the development of strong adhesive joints. Future areas of research on wetting and adhesion are indicated.
CRMAGE: CRISPR Optimized MAGE Recombineering (2016)

A bottleneck in metabolic engineering and systems biology approaches is the lack of efficient genome engineering technologies. Here, we combine CRISPR/Cas9 and λ Red recombineering based MAGE technology (CRMAGE) to create a highly efficient and fast method for genome engineering of Escherichia coli. Using CRMAGE, the recombineering efficiency was between 96.5% and 99.7% for gene recoding of three genomic targets, compared to between 0.68% and 5.4% using traditional recombineering. For modulation of protein synthesis (small insertion/RBS substitution) the efficiency was increased from 6% to 70%. CRMAGE can be multiplexed and enables introduction of at least two mutations in a single round of recombineering with similar efficiencies. PAM-independent loci were targeted using degenerate codons, thereby making it possible to modify any site in the genome. CRMAGE is based on two plasmids that are assembled by a USER-cloning approach enabling quick and cost efficient gRNA replacement. CRMAGE furthermore utilizes CRISPR/Cas9 for efficient plasmid curing, thereby enabling multiple engineering rounds per day. To facilitate the design process, a web-based tool was developed to predict both the λ Red oligos and the gRNAs. The CRMAGE platform enables highly efficient and fast genome editing and may open up promising prospective for automation of genome-scale engineering.
Evidence from Previous Studies (1995)

Abstract This chapter reviews the findings of previous studies of North–South trade and labour market interactions, which use various methods. It looks at evidence in developing countries, developed countries, and both types of countries together. Most previous studies show that the main effect of North–South trade in manufactures on labour markets is to alter the relative demand for skilled and less‐skilled workers (and that this trade is not based on differences in the scarcity of physical capital). Previous studies also suggest that this impact on the relative demand for skill in the North is small. However, the methods used in these studies are biased towards understatement.
Isolation and characterization of the yeast 3-phosphoglycerokinase gene (PGK) by an immunological screening technique. (1980)

An immunological screening technique has been used for the detection of a specific antigen-producing clone in a bank of bacterial colonies containing hybrid plasmids. This technique involves covalent attachment of antiserum to cyanogen bromide-activated paper discs, contact of this paper with lysed colonies on agar plates, and finally detection of the bound antigen with 125I-labeled antibody. Using this method, we have identified an Escherichia coli colony, containing a yeast DNA insert in plasmid ColE1, that produces antigen which combines with antibody directed against purified yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. The hybrid plasmid (pYe57E2) obtained by this procedure has been shown by both biochemical and genetic methods to contain the structural gene PGK for yeast 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. The location of the PGK structural gene on pYe56E2 was determined by immunological screening of E. coli colonies bearing plasmids containing various reconstructions of the original yeast DNA insert. Examination of the expression of the cloned yeast PGK gene in both E. coli and yeast has shown that functional enzyme is synthesized from the cloned gene in yeast, but not in E. coli.
The Cell cycle : a practical approach (1993)

The synchronization of mammalian cells Preparation of synchronous cultures of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccaromyces pombe Mammalian cell cycle analysis Analysis of the cell cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Methods for the analysis of the fission yeast cell cycle Cell cycle analysis using the filamentous fungus Aspegillus nidulans Techniques for studying mitosis in Drosophila The use of cell-free extracts of Xenopus eggs for studying DNA replication in vitro In vitro SV40 DNA replication Analysis of DNA replication origins and directions by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis The isolation of functional mitotic organelles from tissue culture cells Frog eggs as a system to study mitosis Maturation-promoting factor and cyclin-dependent kinases.
A 320 MHz CMOS triple 8 bit DAC with on-chip PLL and hardware cursor (1994)

A 320 MHz triple 8 bit DAC with on-chip phase-locked loop (PLL), hardware cursor function, and an architecture that relies on time-interleaved logic blocks is presented. Overall device performance is optimized by operating different portions of the circuit at different frequencies and combining parallelism with time-interleaving to minimize the hardware cost. Clock multiplication by the on-chip PLL improved the maximum frequency of operation of the prototype circuits by 20 percent. The PLL operates from 20-500 MHz and has a peak-to-peak jitter of 60 ps at an operating frequency of 432 MHz. The 10 mm/spl times/10 mm chip was fabricated in a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process and dissipates 1.54 W from a single 5 V supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electrochemical sensing in paper-based microfluidic devices (2009)

This paper describes the fabrication and the performance of microfluidic paper-based electrochemical sensing devices (we call the microfluidic paper-based electrochemical devices, microPEDs). The microPEDs comprise paper-based microfluidic channels patterned by photolithography or wax printing, and electrodes screen-printed from conducting inks (e.g., carbon or Ag/AgCl). We demonstrated that the microPEDs are capable of quantifying the concentrations of various analytes (e.g., heavy-metal ions and glucose) in aqueous solutions. This low-cost analytical device should be useful for applications in public health, environmental monitoring, and the developing world.
Three-Dimensional Imaging by Three-Dimensional Point Spread Function Encoding (2009)

Pupil-encoded point spread functions are implemented for three-dimensional image data acquisition. These systems are passive and work under broadband illumination. Applications include nanolocalization of small emitters and machine vision.