gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium-dependent Binding of S100C to the N-terminal Domain of Annexin I (1996)

The annexin family of proteins is characterized by a conserved core domain that binds to phospholipids in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Each annexin also has a structurally distinct N-terminal domain that may impart functional specificity. To search for cellular proteins that interact with the N-terminal domain of annexin I, we constructed a fusion protein consisting of glutathione S-transferase fused to amino acids 2-47 of human annexin I (GST-AINT; AINT = annexin I N-terminal). Extracts from metabolically labeled A431 cells contained a single protein (M(r) approximately 10,000) that bound to GST-AINT in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. A synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 2-18 of annexin I inhibited the binding of the 10-kDa protein to GST-AINT with half-maximal inhibition occurring at approximately 15 microM peptide. In cellular extracts, endogenous annexin I and the 10-kDa protein associated in a reversible Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Experiments with other annexins and with N-terminal truncated forms of annexin I indicated that the 10-kDa protein bound specifically to a site within the first 12 amino acids of annexin I. The 10-kDa protein was purified from human placenta by hydrophobic and affinity chromatography. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that the 10-kDa protein is the human homologue of S100C, a recently identified member of the S100 subfamily of EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding proteins.
Understanding the Structure and Antigenicity of Gonococcal Pili (1988)

Pili--filamentous protein structures found on the cell surface of many infectious gram-negative bacteria--often are virulence factors that mediate adherence to host epithelial cells. The pilus, a major surface antigen of the gonococcus, is formed by the specific association of thousands of repeating identical protein subunits (pilin). Structural studies of the pilin protein and the pilus fiber may aid the rational design of a peptide-based vaccine by providing information on the antigenic surface of pili that includes the identification of sequence-distant antigenic regions that are localized to single areas of the three-dimensional structure. Preliminary results suggest that the pilin subunit has structural similarity to the 4-alpha-helix bundle fold in proteins such as the coat protein subunit of tobacco mosaic virus and myohemerythrin. Therefore, the monomeric protein myohemeythrin was used to identify structural correlations for antigenic determinants on 4-alpha-helix bundle proteins such as pilin.
Monoclonal IgM rheumatoid factors bind IgG at a discontinuous epitope comprised of amino acid loops from heavy-chain constant-region domains 2 and 3. (1992)

A combination of site-directed mutagenesis and exon exchange has been used to further define the structure on IgG recognized by monoclonal IgM rheumatoid factors (RFs) from patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Most of these RFs bound IgG1, -2, and -4 but not IgG3. For these RFs, His-435 is a critical residue for binding and replacing it with arginine, the residue present in IgG3, destroys or reduces RF binding. However, additional polymorphic sequences in both the heavy-chain constant-region domains (CH) 2 and 3 are important for RF binding. Among the important residues in CH2 are amino acids 252-254 and 309-311, which are conserved among IgG isotypes and comprise two loops of amino acids on the surface of the domain. Therefore, at least three regions, two from CH2 and one from CH3, contribute significantly to the epitope recognized by the RFs. Although this epitope contains many of the same residues as the staphylococcal protein A binding site on IgG, the binding specificities of staphylococcal protein A and monoclonal RFs are not identical. Sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis contain antibodies directed not only at this epitope but also at other sites on IgG.
Efficient Synthetic Method for Differentially Protected Naturally Occurring Acyclic Polyamines (1989)

Abstract A new systematic route to threefold protected natural polyamines, spermidine, spermine, thermine, and thermospermine, was developed through alternate regioselective manipulation on the terminal primary amino groups, starting from N,N-phthaloyl-1,3-propanediamine hydrochloride (3). When 3 was tosylated at the amine terminal and the phthaloyl terminal was subjected to transformation to the formamido group followed by substitution at the tosyl terminal with, e.g., N-(4-bromobutyl)phthalimide, threefold protected spermidine was obtained in excellent yield. After hydrolysis of the formamido group to amine salt, a sequence of the reactions was satisfactorily repeated to afford various types of threefold protected natural tetramines.
Changes in Optimum pH and Thermostability of $\alpha$-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis by Site-directed Mutagenesis of His 235 and Asp 328 (1994)

The -amylase gene of Bacillus licheniformis has been cloned and two mutant -amylase genes of which histidine 235 was changed to glutamine (H235Q) and aspartic acid 328 to glutamic acid (D328E) have been produced by site-directed mutagenesis. The kinetic parameters, optimum pH and thermostability of wild type(WT) and these two mutant amylases expressed in E. coli MC1061 have been compared after purification. The values of WT, H235Q and D328E -amylases were 0.22%, 0.73%, and 0.80% respectively, when using starch as the substrate. The values of wild type -amylase and mutant -amylases were 0.6-0.7%/minute, and did not show any significant differences among them. The optimum pH of D328E -amylase was shifted to more acidic pH. Also, the thermostability of H235Q -amylase was increased compared to the wild type -amylase.
Infections with Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Leptospira interrogans, serovars grippotyphosa and ballum, in a kennel of foxhounds. (1982)

Leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa and ballum were isolated from kidney and urine of an American Foxhound pup. The pup was from a litter of 12, all of which were unthrifty. Titers for serovar grippotyphosa in pups from the litter ranged from 200 to 6,400 and 23 of 36 adult dogs in the kennel had titers to that serovar. None of the sera was tested for antibodies to serovar ballum. Leptospires were not isolated from or observed in 2 littermates and 1 penmate, but gram-positive organisms morphologically compatible with Encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected in their brains and kidneys.
Polymorphisms in the Mannan‐Binding Lectin Gene Are Not Associated with Questionnaire‐Reported Respiratory Tract Infections in Children (2008)

These results suggest that, at the population level, MBL2 polymorphisms do not contribute to the risk of questionnaire-reported RTI in white children.
Antithrombotic agents (1998)

The morbidity and mortality associated with thromboembolic diseases are a worldwide problem. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) were estimated, some years ago, to be responsible for between 300,000 and 600,000 hospitalisations annually in the US. Arterial thrombosis is a major cause of myocardial infarction (MI), cerebral infarction and peripheral arterial diseases. Currently available antithrombotic drugs can be divided into three classes: anticoagulants (including vitamin K antagonists, unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparins [LMWHs]), antiplatelet agents (platelet aggregation inhibitors such as aspirin, ticlopidine and dipyridamole) and thrombolytics (streptokinase, urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA]). All these drugs have demonstrated efficacy in the clinic, but each has its limitations. The risk of haemorrhage persists (though to varying degrees), and efficacy in the prevention, in addition to the treatment, of thromboembolic diseases needs to be improved. In addition, reocclusion following thrombolytic therapy remains a far from negligible risk. Current research goals are focused on identifying more potent and specific inhibitors of targets playing a crucial role in the coagulation pathway, such as thrombin and Factor Xa. Long-term goals are to develop thrombin receptor antagonists or analogues of natural occurring anticoagulants (e.g., tissue factor pathway inhibitor [TFPI] and protein C). The search for more effective anti-aggregating agents has resulted in the ongoing development of clopidogrel (a chemical analogue of ticlopidine), and thromboxane synthase inhibitors and receptor blockers. However, the main efforts have been focused on developing antagonists of the platelet receptor glycoprotein, Gp IIb/IIIa.Much work has been performed to improve the fibrin specificity of thrombolytic agents. In all these areas, new promising chemical structures have been identified, and a number of new antithrombotic agents are in development. The potential development issues remain the risk of bleeding at therapeutic doses, the possible lack of efficacy in sub-groups of treated patients, as well as dose adjustment and treatment duration.The considerable clinical progress in interventional cardiology (e.g., percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA] and stent implantation) has increased the need for antithrombotic drugs with high local efficacy at the site of arterial injury. Recent progress in the knowledge of plaque rupture-induced disorders, particularly the major role of tissue factor, is suggesting new concepts for antithrombotic therapy. The experience from clinical trials with antithrombotic agents, the validation of biological parameters predictive of a prethrombotic state, and the improvement in non-invasive methods to control drug efficacy are likely to contribute to significant therapeutic progress in the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis.
Properties and hormonal regulation of two structurally related cAMP phosphodiesterases from the rat Sertoli cell. (1991)

Upon exposure to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), the gonadotropin-responsive Sertoli cell expresses increased rolipram-sensitive cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) activity. To understand the mechanisms leading to this activation, the cAMP-PDEs present in the Sertoli cell were characterized and their regulation studied. Comparison of the conceptual translates of two groups of PDE cDNA clones isolated from a Sertoli cell cDNA library (ratPDE3 and ratPDE4) showed that the encoded proteins were structurally similar, containing a core region of 455 amino acids with a sequence identity of 87%. The amino and carboxyl termini were divergent. Expression of these cDNAs in Escherichia coli and monkey COS-7 cells demonstrated that the encoded cAMP-PDEs had similar affinities for the cAMP substrate and were equally sensitive to a number of PDE inhibitors (rolipram greater than Ro 20-1724 greater than cilostamide). FSH stimulation of the Sertoli cell produced an increased rate of transcription of the ratPDE3 gene and elevated mRNA levels for ratPDE3 and to a lesser extent of ratPDE4. The increase in mRNA levels was detected after 1 h of stimulation. Forskolin, cholera toxin, and N6, O2'-dibutyryl cAMP produced a similar increase in rate of transcription and elevated mRNA levels, indicating that this activation is mediated by an increase in intracellular cAMP. RatPDE4 mRNA levels were maximal upon exposure to 10 ng of FSH/ml, whereas ratPDE3 mRNA levels could be further elevated, with higher FSH concentrations. The intensity of an immunoreactive band with characteristics identical to a purified cAMP-PDE, correlated with the increased cAMP hydrolytic activity after FSH or dibutyryl cAMP treatment, demonstrating that changes in cAMP-PDE protein levels are involved in this regulation. These data provide evidence that multiple cAMP-PDE forms are expressed in the rat Sertoli cell. Although differences in the pattern of activation of these forms were observed, these data show, that in the rat Sertoli cell, the cAMP-PDE activity is regulated by hormones via a novel mechanism that involves a cAMP-dependent activation of transcription of a PDE gene.
The Management and Use of Trade Union Funds in Public Institutions (2022)

Trade union funds are the basis and guarantee for various activities in public institutions. It is of great significance to constantly enhance the vitality of trade unions and the competitiveness of public institutions to continuously improve the management and use of trade union funds, thus giving full play to the role of trade union funds to better serve workers. This paper analyzes the management and use of trade union funds in the present situation and proposes several measures for improvement.
Using SimPoint for accurate and efficient simulation (2003)

Modern architecture research relies heavily on detailed pipeline simulation. Simulating the full execution of a single industry standard benchmark at this level of detail takes on the order of months to complete. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that to properly perform an architectural evaluation requires multiple benchmarks to be evaluated across many separate runs. To address this issue we recently created a tool called SimPoint that automatically finds a small set of Simulation Points to represent the complete execution of a program for efficient and accurate simulation. In this paper we describe how to use the SimPoint tool, and introduce an improved SimPoint algorithm designed to significantly reduce the simulation time required when the simulation environment relies upon fast-forwarding.
Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Ammonia:  Synthesis of Anilines as Well as Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Di- and Triarylamines (2007)

It is shown that by selection of an appropriate palladium/ligand system, temperature, concentration, and stoichiometry of reagents, ammonia may be selectively arylated to give either anilines, symmetrical di-, or triarylamines. Furthermore different aryl halides may be added sequentially to the reaction mixture, allowing the synthesis of unsymmetrical di- and triarylamines from aryl halides and ammonia in a one-pot protocol
Factors Involved in the Cytotoxicity of Normal Guinea Pig Serum for Cells of Murine Tumor TA3 Sublines Treated with Neuraminidase (1973)

Abstract Treatment of two ascites sublines of the TA3 tumor cell with neuraminidase under conditions that removed 70 to 75% of the total cell surface sialic acid exposes receptors on the cell surface that react with cytotoxins in normal serum from unsensitized guinea pigs. Removal of comparable amounts of cell surface sialic acid from TA3 cells by trypsin in the form of sialoglycopeptides did not render the cells susceptible to lysis by the guinea pig serum. Treatment of neuraminidase-treated cells with trypsin under identical conditions reduced the susceptibility of the cells to lysis by only 35 to 40%. The requirement for neuraminidase appears to lie in the hydrolysis of glycoside linkages between sialic acid residues and penultimate sugars in cell surface glycoproteins and possibly glycolipids, with exposure of new terminal oligosaccharide sequences. Simple changes in the net surface charge or membrane fluidity of TA3 cells brought about by neuraminidase treatment were considered less likely to be responsible for the increased susceptibility of the treated cells to lysis. Hapten inhibition studies on the cytotoxic effects of normal guinea pig serum on neuraminidase-treated TA3 cells using glycoproteins with defined terminal oligosaccharide sequences have in general been unconvincing. However, glycoproteins containing terminal β-galactosyl residues showed weak but definite inhibitory activity. The presence of such residues at the surface of both sublines of the TA3 tumor cell was demonstrated by agglutination of the cells with a galactose-binding lectin from Ricinus communis. The cytotoxicity of the normal guinea pig serum against neuraminidase-treated TA3 cells was concentrated in the 19S IgM fractions of guinea pig immunoglobulins and was labile to mild heat treatment and during storage at 4°C. No agglutination of neuraminidase-treated TA3 was found with guinea pig serum either at 37° or 4°C. The role of similar cytotoxins in C3H mouse serum in the transplantation properties of the strain-specific TA3-St and the nonspecific subline TA3-Ha and derivatives derived from them by neuraminidase treatment are briefly discussed.
Evidence for Kupffer cell migration along liver sinusoids, from high-resolution in vivo microscopy (1992)

Kupffer cells are generally considered fixed tissue macrophages of the liver. However, we have evidence that this opinion is incorrect. High-resolution in vivo video microscopy shows that Kupffer cells have the ability to migrate along sinusoidal walls. Images recorded from anesthetized mice show active locomotion of cells with or against the direction of blood flow or in the absence of flow. The size, changing morphology, and uptake of carbon or microspheres strongly suggest that these are Kupffer cells. Quantitative measurements were made on 29 migrating Kupffer cells. The mean speed of migration was 4.6 +/- 2.6 (SD) microns/min and was not significantly different whether migration occurred with or against the flow. When fluorescent microspheres were given in vivo as a phagocytic challenge, Kupffer cells containing few microspheres migrated more slowly (0.9 +/- 0.9 microns/min, n = 10), whereas those containing many microspheres were never seen to migrate. Individual Kupffer cells were able to move independently, i.e., in directions different from those of neighboring Kupffer cells. These findings may have major implications for the role of Kupffer cells in scavenging foreign particles and as antigen-presenting cells.
Fully integrated PCR-capillary electrophoresis microsystem for DNA analysis (2001)

A fully integrated genomic analysis microsystem including microfabricated heaters, temperature sensors, and PCR chambers directly connected to capillary electrophoretic separation channels has been constructed. Valves and hydrophobic vents provide controlled and sensorless sample positioning and immobilization into 200 nL PCR chambers. The use of microfabricated heating and temperature sensing elements improves the heating and cooling rates for the PCR reaction to 20 degree C s(-1). The amplified PCR product, labeled on-column with an intercalating fluorescent dye, is injected into the gel-filled capillary for electrophoretic analysis. Successful sex determination using a multiplex PCR reaction from human genomic DNA is demonstrated in less than 15 min. This device is an important step toward a microfabricated genomic microprocessor for use in forensics and point-of-care molecular medical diagnostics.
Ultra low-loss hypocycloid-core Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber for green spectral-range applications (2014)

We report on the development of a hypocycloidal-core Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber guiding, with low transmission loss in the 450-650 nm visible spectral range. Transmission loss records have been achieved with 70 dB/km at 600 nm, and 130 dB/km at 532 nm. As a demonstration of the fiber potential applications, we report on a compact 600 THz wide Raman comb generator, centered around 532 nm, and on a 10 W average power frequency-doubled Yb-fiber picosecond laser beam delivery, along with its use for organic material laser micro-processing.
Influence of formulas with borage oil or borage oil plus fish oil on the arachidonic acid status in premature infants (2001)

Several studies have reported that feeding gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) has resulted in no increase in arachidonic acid (AA) in newborns. This result was ascribed to the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich fish oil used in these formulas. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) sources with only minor amounts of EPA are now available, thus the addition of GLA to infant formulas might be considered an alternative to AA supplementation. Sixty-six premature infants were randomized to feeding one of four formulas [ST: no GLA, no long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; BO: 0.6% GLA (borage oil); BO + FOLOW: 0.6% GLA, 0.3% DHA, 0.06% EPA; BO + FOHIGH: 0.6% GLA, 0.3% DHA, 0.2% EPA] or human milk (HM, nonrandomized) for 4 wk. Anthropometric measures and blood samples were obtained at study entry and after 14 and 28 d. There were no significant differences between groups in anthropometric measures, tocopherol, and retinol status at any of the studied time points. The AA content of plasma phospholipids was similar between groups at study start and decreased significantly until day 28 in all formulafed groups, but not in the breast-fed infants [ST: 6.6 +/- 0.2%, BO: 6.9 +/- 0.3%, BO + FOLOW: 6.9 +/- 0.4%, BO + FOHIGH: 6.7 +/- 0.2%, HM: 8.6 +/- 0.5%, where values are reported as mean +/- standard error; all formulas significantly different (P< 0.05) from HM]. There was no significant influence of GLA or fish oil addition to the diet. GLA had only a very limited effect on AA status which was too small to obtain satisfactory concentrations (concentrations similar to breast-fed babies) under the circumstances tested. The effect of GLA on AA is independent of the EPA and DHA content in the diet within the dose ranges studied.
Simplification of isoniazid phenotyping procedure to promote its application in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis. (1973)

In this investigation a simple urine test for phenotyping isoniazid inactivators is evaluated. In the new method, isoniazid is artificially acetylated in urine and determined by the same colour reaction as that used for acetylisoniazid. Comparative studies showed that the test is reliable and can be performed with accuracy and ease even in poorly equipped laboratories. In contrast to other urine tests, it does not require an expensive spectrophotometer, tedious hydrolysis processing of the samples, or standard curves. The results can be read on a plain colorimeter, or even without any instrument.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL DOPANT PROFILING BY SCANNING CAPACITANCE MICROSCOPY (1999)

▪ Abstract The scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) provides a direct method for mapping the dopant distribution in a semiconductor device on a 10 nm scale. This capability is critical for the development, optimization, and understanding of future ULSI processes and devices. The basic elements of the SCM and its application to nanometer scale metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitor measurements are described. Experimental SCM methods are reviewed. Basic measurements show that nanometer scale capacitance-voltage relations are understood. High-quality probe tips and surfaces are critical for obtaining accurate measurements of two-dimensional dopant profiles. Quantitative modeling of SCM measurement is described for converting raw SCM data to dopant density. An inverse modeling method is presented. Direct comparison between secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and SCM-measured dopant profiles are made. Quantitative junction measurements and models are discussed and images of small transistors are presented.