gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thiooligosaccharides as Tools for Structural Biology (2001)

Oligosaccharides in which at least one glycosidic oxygen atom is replaced with a sulfur atom can be routinely synthesized and act as competitive inhibitors of various glycoside hydrolases. Recent studies using both X-ray crystallography and other biophysical techniques provide structural insight into binding, recognition, and the catalytic mechanism of action of these enzymes.
Time-resolved observations of shock waves and cavitation bubbles generated by femtosecond laser pulses in corneal tissue and water (1996)

The reduced shock wave and cavitation bubble effects of the femtosecond laser result in more localized tissue damage. Therefore, a more confined surgical effect should be expected from a femtosecond laser than that from picosecond (or nanosecond) lasers. This indicates a potential benefit from the applications of femtosecond laser technology to intraocular microsurgery.
Combined fluorescence decay time and fiber Bragg grating temperature and strain sensing (2001)

Bragg grating-based sensor devices are popular as they are relatively simple to fabricate and use, but the need for compensation for temperature effects is of particular importance for accurate and reliable measurement of other parameters. Equally, the use of rare-earth-doped fiber has revolutionized many aspects of both communications and sensor systems and recent research has produced fluorescence decay-time and intensity ratio transducer devices which yield reproducible and accurate temperature measurement. This work reports on research carried out on sensor devices using co-located Bragg gratings and fluorescence decay-time sensors, using both separate optical fibers (plain and rare-earth-doped silica respectively) or with the Bragg grating actually written into the fluorescent fiber. The sensor system thus created is simple and effective with a single optical source used to excite both the fluorescence emission (which provides decay time information) and to enable the measure-induced Bragg grating wavelength shift to be determined. With such systems under test, satisfactory strain and temperature resolutions have been achieved. Applications include temperature compensated structural monitoring and monitoring of temperature in structures where the sensors are exposed to strain.
Computation of global illumination in a participating medium by monte carlo simulation (1993)

Abstract This paper discusses techniques for the computation of global illumination in environments with a participating medium using a Monte Carlo simulation of the particle model of light. Efficient algorithms and data structures for tracking the particles inside the volume have been developed. The necessary equation for computing the illumination along any given direction has been derived for rendering a scene with a participating medium. A major issue in any Monte Carlo simulation is the uncertainty in the final simulation results. Various steps of the algorithm have been analysed to identify major sources of uncertainty. To reduce the uncertainty, suitable modifications to the simulation algorithm have been suggested using variance reduction methods of forced collision, absorption suppression and particle divergence. Some sample scenes showing the results of applying these methods are also included.
A recombinant baculovirus 42-kilodalton C-terminal fragment of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 protects Aotus monkeys against malaria (1996)

The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of baculovirus recombinant polypeptide based on the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) has been evaluated in Aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys. The MSP-1-based polypeptide, BVp42, corresponds to the 42-kDa C-terminal processing fragment of the precursor molecule. Immunization of Aotus monkeys with BVp42 in complete Freund's adjuvant resulted in high antibody titers against the immunogen as well as parasite MSP-1. Fine specificity studies indicated that major epitopes recognized by these antibodies localize to conserved determinants of the 19-kDa C-terminal fragment derived from cleavage of the 42-kDa processing fragment. Effective priming of MSP-1-specific T cells was also demonstrated in lymphocyte proliferation assays. All three Aotus monkeys immunized with BVp42 in complete Freund's adjuvant showed evidence of protection of protection against blood-stage challenge with P. falciparum. Two animals were completely protected, with only one parasite being detected in thick blood films on a single days after injection. The third animal had a modified course of infection, controlling its parasite infection to levels below detection by thick blood smears for an extended period in comparison with adjuvant control animals. All vaccinated, protected Aotus monkeys produced antibodies which inhibited in vitro parasite growth, indicating that this assay may be a useful correlate of protective immunity and that immunity induced by BVp42 immunization is mediated, at least in part, by a direct effect of antibodies against the MSP-1 C-terminal region. The high level of protection obtained in these studies supports further development of BVp42 as a candidate malaria vaccine.
Three Experiments in Form (1983)

Hardy's first published work of fiction, Desperate Remedies, was issued anonymously by Tinsley Brothers in 1871 and was paid for by Hardy himself. The story was the direct result of his following George Meredith's advice to 'attempt a novel with a purely artistic purpose', and to give it more plot than his previous attempt at fiction, the unsuccessful The Poor Man and the Lady. When Hardy wrote his second story, he zealously followed Meredith's suggestions, turning out an intricate melodrama that has plot in abundance. Unfortunately, Desperate Remedies clearly illustrates Hardy's somewhat amateurish contention that 'a story, to be interesting, must be complicated and full of exciting events', a theory which undoubtedly originated in his youthful reading of gothic fiction. The novel itself contains â death-fall from a church tower, subsequent pitiable poverty for the children of the victim, a bizarre murder (the body is buried, exhumed, and reburied), a suicide, several ghosts and accompanying death rattles in the night, an intrigue centring on a bastard son, an involved chase scene, an attempted rape and the inevitable fight between hero and villain. Fortunately, a rigid time scheme guides the reader through this labyrinth, and consequently the strands of the story are seldom ravelled, as they sometimes are in Dickens, for example.
Long-term inhibition of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (human immunodeficiency virus) DNA synthesis and RNA expression in T cells protected by 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides in vitro. (1987)

We report that 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine inhibit retroviral DNA synthesis and mRNA expression in T cells exposed to the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and afford such cells long-term protection in vitro under conditions of substantial viral excess. Both 2',3'-dideoxyadenosine and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine appear to completely block reverse transcription from viral RNA to viral DNA. Viral mRNA expression is also not detected in cells protected by the drugs throughout 30 days of culture following exposure to the virus. Purine and pyrimidine analogues as 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside-5'-triphosphate serve as substrates for the human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus reverse transcriptase to elongate a DNA chain by one residue, after which the chain is terminated. Cloned normal helper/inducer T cells exposed to a cytopathic dose of the virus, but protected by the drugs, respond normally to specific antigen in vitro. These results suggest that the drugs could be promising agents for further studies in the experimental treatment of patients infected with retroviruses.
Reductive Cleavage of Disulfide Bridges in Ribonuclease (1957)

This article was the first of many studies that were generally concerned with the eventual total synthesis of the protein.
 It contained several original observations that would lead to the conclusion that the refolding of the ribonuclease molecule
 after full denaturation by reductive cleavage of its four disulfide bonds required that only one of the one hundred five possible
 pairings of eight sulfhydryl groups to form four disulfide linkages take place.
Resveratrol analog, 3,4,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene, differentially induces pro-apoptotic p53/Bax gene expression and inhibits the growth of transformed cells but not their normal counterparts (2001)

Resveratrol, a trihydroxystilbene found in grapes and other plants, has been shown to be active in inhibiting multistage carcinogenesis. Using resveratrol as a prototype, we have synthesized a number of polyhydroxy- and polymethoxy-stilbenes and tested their anti-proliferative effect in normal and transformed human cells. Here we show that one of the resveratrol analogs, 3,4,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene (R-4), specifically inhibited the growth of SV40 virally transformed WI38 cells (WI38VA) at 10 microM, but had no effect on normal WI38 cells at even higher concentrations. R-4 also prominently induced apoptosis in WI38VA cells, but not in WI38 cells. RNase protection assay showed that R-4 significantly induced the expression of p53, GADD45 and Bax genes and concomitantly suppressed the expression of bcl-2 gene in WI38VA, but not in WI38 cells. A large increase in p53 DNA binding activity and the presence of p53 in the Bax promoter binding complex suggested that p53 was responsible for the Bax gene expression induced by R-4 in transformed cells. Within 4 h of treatment with R-4, the Bax to bcl-2 protein ratio in WI38 and WI38VA cells was, respectively, 0.1 and 105, a difference of three orders of magnitude. While R-4 prominently induced the p53/Bax pro-apoptotic genes, it also concomitantly suppressed the expression of Cox-2 in WI38VA cells. Taken together, our study suggests that the induction of p53 gene by R-4 in transformed cells may play a key role in the differential growth inhibition and apoptosis of transformed cells.
A robust peak detection method for RNA structure inference by high-throughput contact mapping (2009)

The software and supplementary data are available at http://dna.korea.ac.kr/pub/mohca.
Clustered speculative multithreaded processors (1999)

In this paper we present a processor microarchitecture that can simultaneously execute multiple threads and has a clustered design for scalability purposes. A main feature of the proposed microarchitecture is its capability to spawn speculative threads from a single-thread application at run-time. These speculative threaak use otherwise idle resources of the machine.
Wnt/β-Catenin and Estrogen Signaling Converge in Vivo (2004)

Wnt and estrogen signaling represent important regulatory pathways, each controlling a wide range of biological processes. While an increasing number of observations suggest potential convergence between these pathways, no direct evidence of their functional interaction has been reported. Using human colon and breast cancer cells, we found that estrogen receptor (ER) alpha- and beta-catenin precipitated within the same immunocomplexes, reciprocally enhanced the transactivation of cognate reporter genes, and were reciprocally recruited to cognate response elements in the promoters of endogenous target genes. Using transgenic Drosophila that ectopically expressed human ERalpha alone or together with metabolically stable beta-catenin/Armadillo mutants, we demonstrated genetic interaction between these signal transducers in vivo. Thus, we present here the first direct evidence of cross-talk between Wnt and estrogen signaling pathways via functional interaction between beta-catenin and ERalpha.
Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression and function in normal and leukaemic T-cells. Evidence for selective effects on adhesion to extracellular matrix components via SSTR2 and/or 3 (2001)

We have examined normal T-cells and T-cell lines with respect to expression of various somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR1--5) using RT-PCR and PCR. To evaluate the function of these receptors we have further studied the effects of subtype specific signalling on T-cell adhesion using somatostatin analogs specific for various receptors as probes. Human T-lymphocytes showed SSTR expression related to activation and stage of differentiation. Normal T-cells (peripheral blood, T-cell clone) and T-leukaemia cell lines expressed SSTR2, SSTR3 and SSTR4. Normal T-cells expressed SSTR1 and SSTR5 while T-leukaemia lines did not. SSTR5 was selectively expressed in activated normal T-cells. T-lymphocytes produced no somatostatin themselves. Somatostatin and somatostatin analogs specific for SSTR2 and/or SSTR3 enhanced adhesion of T-cells to fibronectin (FN), and to a certain extent, also to collagen type IV (CIV) and laminin (LAM). T-lymphocytes express multiple SSTR and somatostatin may therefore regulate lymphocyte functions via distinct receptor subtypes as shown here for adhesion to extracellular matrix components (ECM) via SSTR2 and SSTR3. SSTR expression also distinguishes normal and leukaemic T-cells. Our findings suggest that SSTR subtypes may be useful targets for therapy during inflammatory diseases and malignancies affecting lymphocytes.
One Step Generation of Fully Chimeric Antibodies Using Cγ1- and Cκ Mutant Mice (2007)

Humanized antibodies (Abs) are effective drugs against a variety of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and others. The most powerful technology to develop humanized Abs is the use of mice that produce humanized Abs. By modifying the genetic background of F004 mice a new mouse substrain was developed for optimized "one step" generation of chimeric humanized monoclonal Abs. The new mice (F004-Jen) demonstrated improved fertility still expressing the human locus at the same level as the parental F004 mouse. The value of these mice for the generation of chimeric Abs was exemplified for a panel of chimeric Abs against the human neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM): The fully chimeric human IgG1/kappa Ab Ch.MK1 bound to NCAM expressing cells with a K(D)=4.3-8.7 x 10(-8) M and was functionally active as demonstrated by depleting NCAM expressing cells. We also demonstrated that chimeric IgG1/kappa Abs can be induced by hybridoma class switching of IgM producing hybridoma cells, providing an alternative way to chimeric Abs. The present data highlight F004-Jen mice as an efficient tool for "one step" generation of chimeric Abs.
CD 123 is a membrane biomarker and a therapeutic target in hematologic malignancies (2014)

Recent studies indicate that abnormalities of the alpha-chain of the interleukin-3 receptor (IL-3RA or CD123) are frequently observed in some leukemic disorders and may contribute to the proliferative advantage of leukemic cells. This review analyzes the studies indicating that CD123 is overexpressed in various hematologic malignancies, including a part of acute myeloid and B-lymphoid leukemias, blastic plasmocytoid dendritic neoplasms (BPDCN) and hairy cell leukemia.Given the low/absent CD123 expression on normal hematopoietic stem cells, attempts have been made at preclinical first, and then at clinical level to target this receptor. Since the IL-3R is a membrane receptor there are two relatively simple means to target this molecule, either using its natural ligand or neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Recent reports using a fusion molecule composed by human IL-3 coupled to a truncated diphteria toxin have shown promising antitumor activity in BPDCN and AML patients.
Lymphocytes in the Development of Lung Inflammation: A Role for Regulatory CD4+ T Cells in Indirect Pulmonary Lung Injury (2009)

Although roles for myelocytes have been suggested in the pathophysiology of indirect acute lung injury (ALI not due to a direct insult to the lung), the contribution of various regulatory lymphoid subsets is unknown. We hypothesized a role for lymphocytes in this process. Using a sequential model of indirect ALI induced in mice by hemorrhagic shock followed 24 h later by polymicrobial sepsis; we observed a specific and nonredundant role for each lymphocyte subpopulation in indirect ALI pathophysiology. In particular, we showed that CD4(+) T cells are specifically recruited to the lung in a dendritic cell-independent but IL-16-dependent process and diminish neutrophil recruitment through increased IL-10 production. Most importantly, this appears to be mediated by the specific subpopulation of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Although indirect ALI has constantly been described as a proinflammatory pathology mediated by cells of the innate immune system, we now demonstrate that cells of the adaptive immune response play a major role in its pathophysiology as well. Most importantly, we also describe for the first time the nature of the regulatory mechanisms activated in the lung during indirect ALI, with CD4(+) regulatory T cells being central to the control of neutrophil recruitment via increased IL-10 production.
Single-step selection for Ty1 element retrotransposition. (1991)

The yeast retrotransposon Ty1 has been tagged with a reporter gene that allows selection of RNA-mediated transposition events and is applicable to the study of retroelements in other organisms. The reporter gene is a yeast HIS3 gene interrupted by an artificial intron (AI) in the antisense orientation. The HIS3AI sequences were inserted into a Ty1 element such that the intron is on the sense strand of the Ty1 element; therefore, splicing and retrotransposition of marked Ty1 transcripts can give rise to His+ cells. Fusion of the Ty1-H3mHIS3AI element to the inducible GAL1 promoter resulted in a high frequency of histidine prototrophs upon galactose induction. Moreover, spontaneous His+ revertants derived from strains containing genomic TymHIS3AI elements are a result of retrotransposition. By using this assay, we estimated the Ty1 transposition rate to be between 3 x 10(-7) and 1 x 10(-5) transpositions per Ty1 element per generation. Variations in the transposition rate of individual Ty1 elements are correlated with the relative abundance of their transcripts.
Swallowing Dysfunction in Acutely Ill Patients (1981)

Swallowing problems are often unrecognized in acutely ill patients because of failure to consider abnormalities in the oropharyngeal phase of deglutition. Even the commonly used descriptive term dysphagia more often connotes food sticking in the esophagus rather than a disturbance in the physiologic separation of respiratory and digestive tracts during swallowing. To emphasize deglutitional abnormalities, we prefer the term swallowing dysfunction. In this review we describe the potentially fatal consequences of swallowing dysfunction, how dysfunction is recognized clinically, and the conditions in which it should be suspected. Certain aspects of airway and nutritional management are also described because supportive medical care and rehabilitative therapy in the acutely ill often go hand in hand. The methods of evaluation and rehabilitative treatment we describe are relatively simple and easily adapted by the busy staff in a general hospital or intensive care unit. Despite the simplicity of these methods, results are frequently gratifying and can be life saving in acutely ill patients.
Dolabellin, a Cytotoxic Bisthiazole Metabolite from the Sea Hare Dolabella auricularia: Structural Determination and Synthesis (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDolabellin, a Cytotoxic Bisthiazole Metabolite from the Sea Hare Dolabella auricularia: Structural Determination and SynthesisHiroki Sone, Takashi Kondo, Minoru Kiryu, Hiroyuki Ishiwata, Makoto Ojika, and Kiyoyuki YamadaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 15, 4774–4781Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00120a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00120a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views504Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Selektive Reduktion von Imiden mit funktionellen Gruppen (1979)

Abstract Das System BF 3 /NaBH 4 eignet sich vorzüglich zur selektiven Reduktion cyclischer N ‐arylsubstituierter Imide mit aromatisch gebundenen Ester‐, Nitro‐, Amino‐, Hydroxy‐, Cyan‐, Sulfamoyl‐, Halogen‐ oder Sulfonyliminogruppen in die entsprechenden cyclischen Amine.
Uric Acid Is a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction and Stroke (2006)

Uric acid is a strong risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke.
A unified approach to coding and interpreting face images (2002)

Face images are difficult to interpret because they are highly variable. Sources of variability include individual appearance, 3D pose, facial expression and lighting. We describe a compact parametrised model of facial appearance which takes into account all these sources of variability. The model represents both shape and grey-level appearance and is created by performing a statistical analysis over a training set of face images. A robust multi-resolution search algorithm is used to fit the model to faces in new images. This allows the main facial features to be located and a set of shape and grey-level appearance parameters to be recovered. A good approximation to a given face can be reconstructed using less than 100 of these parameters. This representation can be used for tasks such as image coding, person identification, pose recovery, gender recognition and expression recognition. The system performs well on all the tasks listed above.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The validity of circulating microRNAs in oncology: Five years of challenges and contradictions (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in circulation have received an increasing amount of interest as potential minimal invasive diagnostic tools in oncology. Several diagnostic, prognostic and predictive signatures have been proposed for a variety of cancers at different stages of disease, but these have not been subjected to a critical review regarding their validity: reproducible identification in comparable studies and/or with different platforms of miRNA detection. In this review, we will critically address the results of circulating miRNA research in oncology that have been published between January 2008 and June 2013 (5.5 years), and discuss pre-analytical challenges, technological pitfalls and limitations that may contribute to the non-reproducibility of circulating miRNA research.
Tethered Neuraminidase Inhibitors That Bind an Influenza Virus: A First Step Towards a Diagnostic Method for Influenza (2003)

Catching flu: The influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir (red) is functionalized at the 7-position to give derivatives that retain a high affinity for the enzyme. When conjugated to biotin (green) or onto microspheres, such derivatives can be used to capture or aggregate influenza virus particles.