gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Invited. Brain edema development after MRI‐guided focused ultrasound treatment (1998)

The aim of this study was to investigate a potential technique for image-guided minimally invasive neurosurgical interventions. Focused ultrasound (FUS) delivers thermal energy without an invasive probe, penetrating the dura mater, entering through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space, or harming intervening brain tissue. We applied continuous on-line monitoring by MRI to demonstrate the effect of the thermal intervention on the brain tissue. For this, seven rabbits had a part of their skull removed to create access for the FUS beam into the brain through an acoustic window of 11 mm in diameter. Dura was left intact and skin was sutured. One week later, the rabbits were sonicated for 3 seconds with 21 W acoustic power, and the FUS focus was visualized with a temperature-sensitive T1-weighted MRI pulse sequence. The tissue reaction was documented over 7 days with T2-weighted images of the brain. The initial area of the central low signal intensity in the axial plane was .4+/-.3 mm2, and for the bright hyperintensity surrounding the lesion, it was 2.3+/-.6 mm2 (n = 7). In the coronal plane, the corresponding values were .4+/-.1 mm2 and 3.4+/-.9 mm2 (n = 5). The developing brain edema culminated 48 hours later and thereafter diminished during the next 5 days. Histology revealed a central necrosis in the white matter surrounded by edematous tissue with inflammatory cells. In summary, the image-guided thermal ablation technique described here produced a relatively small lesion in the white matter at the targeted location. This was accomplished without opening the dura or the need for a stereotactical device. MRI allowed on-line monitoring of the lesion setting and the deposition of thermal energy and demonstrated the tissue damage after the thermal injury.
Imaging blood–brain barrier disruption: an evolving tool for assessing the risk of hemorrhage after thrombolysis (2008)

This Practice Point commentary discusses a study by Kastrup et al. that demonstrates that the early detection of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption as detected on post-contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI after thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke predicts subsequent intracerebral hemorrhage. No parenchymal enhancements were detected on scans before thrombolysis; however, after thrombolysis, 3 of 48 patients had parenchymal enhancement in the areas of the initial insult and these patients later developed symptomatic hemorrhages at these sites. These data suggest that assessment of BBB integrity might be a useful addition to a multimodal MRI study, potentially improving the overall efficacy of thrombolysis and broadening the effective time window. Further work is needed to optimize an imaging sequence that will be short and sufficiently sensitive to detect early damage to the BBB before treatment. Meanwhile, prudent clinicians should select patients for therapy on the basis of accepted guidelines and best clinical judgment.
Acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotypes and abnormal chromosome 21: Amplification discloses overexpression of APP , ETS2 , and ERG genes (2004)

Molecular mechanisms of leukemogenesis have been successfully unraveled by studying genes involved in simple rearrangements including balanced translocations and inversions. In contrast, little is known about genes altered in complex karyotypic abnormalities. We studied acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with complex karyotypes and abnormal chromosome 21. High-resolution bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) array-based comparative genomic hybridization disclosed amplification predominantly in the 25- to 30-megabase (MB) region that harbors the APP gene (26.3 MB) and at position 38.7-39.1 MB that harbors the transcription factors ERG and ETS2. Using oligonucleotide arrays, APP was by far the most overexpressed gene (mean fold change 19.74, P = 0.0003) compared to a control group of AML with normal cytogenetics; ERG and ETS2 also ranked among the most highly expressed chromosome 21 genes. Overexpression of APP and ETS2 correlated with genomic amplification, but high APP expression occurred even in a subset of AML patients with normal cytogenetics (10 of 64, 16%). APP encodes a glycoprotein of unknown function previously implicated in Alzheimer's disease, but not in AML. We hypothesize that APP and the transcription factors ERG and ETS2 are altered by yet unknown molecular mechanisms involved in leukemogenesis. Our results highlight the value of molecularly dissecting leukemic cells with complex karyotypes.
Intermediate cells during cytotrophoblast differentiation in vitro. (1993)

Differentiation of the human placental trophoblast cell involves a multistep process, with the generation of several distinct types of intermediate cytotrophoblast cells. Using a short term in vitro cell culture system and centrifugal elutriation, we studied the isolation and morphological and biochemical differentiation of these separated intermediate cell populations. Freshly isolated cell fractions, incubated for 24 h, are heterogeneous in their differentiation stages as determined by the secretion of the proteins chorionic gonadotropin alpha and beta, human placental lactogen, and pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein. Maintenance in cell culture allows for the further differentiation of these intermediate cells and for syncytium formation. With the use of sequential trypsinizations, our data also suggest the parallel differentiation of cytotrophoblast cells into two distinct subsets: one which, through differentiation, gets committed to syncytium formation, and the other, which remains mononuclear despite high degrees of biochemical differentiation. These latter cells retain the capacity for syncytium formation when reintroduced into appropriate culture conditions. These findings refine the use of the term "intermediate cell" by previous investigators. We suggest that our in vitro system defines normal intermediate stages of trophoblast differentiation, and also serves as a model to simulate adverse conditions of syncytial degeneration or injury.
The Effect of Talc on Cell Nucleation in Extrusion Foam Processing of Polypropylene with CO2 and Isopentane (1998)

The effect of talc on cell nucleation of polypropylene (PP) foam was investigated. Branched high-melt-strength PP was used to reduce bubble coalescence during extrusion foam processing. When isopentane was used as a blowing agent, bubble nucleation was dominated by the talc concentration, and the isopentane content did not affect the cell density very much. By contrast, when CO2 was used as a blowing agent, both talc and CO2 concentrations determined the cell-population density. However, the effect of talc on nucleation was significant only when the CO2 content was low. In addition, the maximum achievable cell density was not improved by talc when CO2 was used whereas the maximum cell density was dramatically improved by talc when isopentane was used. The experimental results indicate that the heterogeneous bubble nucleation mechanisms in plastic foam processing with CO2 are fundamentally different from those in the processing with a long-chain blowing agent such as isopentane.
Gd(DOTAla): A Single Amino Acid Gd-complex as a Modular Tool for High Relaxivity MR Contrast Agent Development (2012)

MR imaging at high magnetic fields benefits from an increased signal-to-noise ratio; however T(1)-based MR contrast agents show decreasing relaxivity (r(1)) at higher fields. High field, high relaxivity contrast agents can be designed by carefully controlling the rotational dynamics of the molecule. To this end, we investigated applications of the alanine analogue of Gd(DOTA), Gd(DOTAla). Fmoc-protected DOTAla suitable for solid phase peptide synthesis was synthesized and integrated into polypeptide structures. Gd(III) coordination results in very rigid attachment of the metal chelate to the peptide backbone through both the amino acid side chain and coordination of the amide carbonyl. Linear and cyclic monomers (GdL1, GdC1), dimers (Gd(2)L2, Gd(2)C2), and trimers (Gd(3)L3, Gd(3)C3) were prepared and relaxivities were determined at different field strengths ranging from 0.47 to 11.7 T. Amide carbonyl coordination was indirectly confirmed by determination of the hydration number q for the EuL1 integrated into a peptide backbone, q = 0.96 ± 0.09. The water residency time of GdL1 at 37 °C was optimal for relaxivity, τ(M) = 17 ± 2 ns. Increased molecular size leads to increased per Gd relaxivity (from r(1) = 7.5 for GdL1 to 12.9 mM(-1) s(-1) for Gd(3)L3 at 1.4 T, 37 °C). The cyclic, multimeric derivatives exhibited slightly higher relaxivities than the corresponding linearized multimers (Gd(2)C2: r(1) = 10.5 mM(-1) s(-1) versus Gd(2)C2-red r(1) = 9 mM(-1) s(-1) at 1.4 T, 37 °C). Overall, all six synthesized Gd complexes had higher relaxivities at low, intermediate, and high fields than the clinically used small molecule contrast agent [Gd(HP-DO3A)(H(2)O)].
Contribution ofSaccharomycesand Non-SaccharomycesPopulations to the Production of Some Components of Albariño Wine Aroma (1996)

A study was conducted of the dynamics of <i>Saccharomyces</i> and non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> populations during alcoholic fermentation of Albariño musts from two enological subzones located in Galicia (Northwest Spain). Sixteen microvinifications were carried out (8 in each must, M and E) with five indigenous <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strains, two commercial active dry strains, and the corresponding spontaneous fermentation. The volatile compounds in the resulting wines were measured using gas chromatography. The study of different physiological and biochemical characteristics allowed us to follow the evolution of the inoculated <i>S. cerevisiae</i> strains. The different cellular concentrations of these strains in the musts produced different growth rates during fermentation. The growth of non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> flora depended on the initial starter culture concentrations and on their growth rate during winemaking. Statistical analysis (factorial and cluster) of data obtained by gas chromatography created statistical relationships between the production of some components of wine aroma and the evolution of yeast flora during alcoholic fermentation.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Selective PI3 Kinase Inhibitor Liphagal (2010)

The enantioselective total synthesis of liphagal, a selective inhibitor of PI3K α isolated from the marine sponge Aka coralliphaga, has been achieved. The novel tetracyclic "liphagane" skeleton is formed in one step, after the hydrogenation of a dihydroxydrimane phenol benzyl ether in the presence of cationic resin.
CONVIENE INTENSIFICAR LOS ESTUDIOS SOBRE EL SUBSUELO DE LA METROPOLI (1989)

DEBIDO A QUE ALGUNAS ZONAS DE LA REPUBLICA MEXICANA SON DE ALTA POTENCIALIDAD TELURICA -COMO LA CIUDAD DE MEXICO, CUYO SUBSUELO, DE MUY PARTICULARES CARACTERISTICAS, HA SIDO POCO ESTUDIADO-, ES DE GRAN IMPORTANCIA CONTINUAR Y CONSOLIDAR LAS INVESTIGACIONES EN MATERIA DE INGENIERIA SISMICA, COINCIDIERON EN SENALAR LOS DOCTORES NEFTALI RODRIGUEZ Y FRANCISCO SANCHEZ, DEL INSTITUTO DE INGENIERIA DE LA UNAM, QUIENES PARTICIPARON EN LA CUARTA CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONAL SOBRE DINAMICA DE SUELOS E INGENIERIA SISMICA.
Region Proposal by Guided Anchoring (2019)

Region anchors are the cornerstone of modern object detection techniques. State-of-the-art detectors mostly rely on a dense anchoring scheme, where anchors are sampled uniformly over the spatial domain with a predefined set of scales and aspect ratios. In this paper, we revisit this foundational stage. Our study shows that it can be done much more effectively and efficiently. Specifically, we present an alternative scheme, named Guided Anchoring, which leverages semantic features to guide the anchoring. The proposed method jointly predicts the locations where the center of objects of interest are likely to exist as well as the scales and aspect ratios at different locations. On top of predicted anchor shapes, we mitigate the feature inconsistency with a feature adaption module. We also study the use of high-quality proposals to improve detection performance. The anchoring scheme can be seamlessly integrated into proposal methods and detectors. With Guided Anchoring, we achieve 9.1% higher recall on MS COCO with 90% fewer anchors than the RPN baseline. We also adopt Guided Anchoring in Fast R-CNN, Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet, respectively improving the detection mAP by 2.2%, 2.7% and 1.2%. Code will be available at https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection.
Abstract P4-04-17: Elacestrant (RAD1901) demonstrates anti-tumor activity in a fulvestrant-resistant PDX model (2018)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is subdivided into categories based on tumor receptor status, with estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer making up approximately two-thirds of all breast cancers diagnosed. In advanced or metastatic disease, dependence on ER signaling is often retained even after multiple rounds of endocrine therapy, supporting the use of ER targeting agents for several lines of treatment prior to chemotherapy. Selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) have gained recent attention as ER antagonists given their ability to target and degrade ER. Fulvestrant, the only approved SERD on the market, is currently used as a second-line therapy in the metastatic setting, however, the intramuscular route of administration and pharmacokinetic properties of fulvestrant have fueled the development of more potent and orally bioavailable SERDs. We have previously described elacestrant (RAD1901), a novel and orally bioavailable SERD, as an inhibitor of ER+ breast cancer growth in preclinical patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, including those that are insensitive to fulvestrant. Here, we describe elacestrant activity in an ER+ PDX model that had been treated with multiple rounds of fulvestrant treatment. Methods: An ER+/PR+ PDX model, MAXF-713, derived from a treatment-naïve patient, was passaged multiple times in the presence of fulvestrant over the course of a year. After each round of fulvestrant treatment, elacestrant or fulvestrant were evaluated for anti-tumor activity. Pharmacodynamic endpoints including changes in ER and ER target gene expression were also evaluated. Results: Despite repeated exposure to fulvestrant, the PDX model retained sensitivity to elacestrant. In fact, regardless of the number of prior rounds of fulvestrant treatment, elacestrant produced consistent tumor growth inhibition within every passage, while the effects produced by fulvestrant exhibited a high degree of variability. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that elacestrant is a SERD that can inhibit tumor growth in a fulvestrant-resistant preclinical setting and provides rationale for examining elacestrant in the clinical setting in patients that have progressed on fulvestrant treatment. Citation Format: Arlt H, Garner F, Bihani T. Elacestrant (RAD1901) demonstrates anti-tumor activity in a fulvestrant-resistant PDX model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-04-17.
Viral pesticides : biohazard evaluation on the cytogenetic level. (1980)

Promising agents for integrated pest control are naturally occuring insect pathogenic viruses that belong to the group of baculoviruses. We have performed experiments using mammalian cells from different species in vivo and in vitro to test a possible effect of baculoviruses on chromosome aberration rates and sister chromatid exchanges. No cytogenetic effects were found.
Photoemission Studies of Polythiophene and Polyphenyl Films Produced via Surface Polymerization by Ion-Assisted Deposition (2005)

Conducting polymer films are grown by mass-selected, hyperthermal thiophene ions coincident on a surface with a thermal beam of organic monomers of either alpha-terthiophene (3T) or p-terphenyl (3P) neutrals. Mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy previously verified polymerization of both 3T and 3P by 200 eV C(4)H(4)S(+) during surface polymerization by ion-assisted deposition (SPIAD). The electronic structure of these films are probed here by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and polarized near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and compared with similar spectra of evaporated films. The conducting polymer films formed by SPIAD display new valence band features resulting from a reduction in both their band gap and barrier to hole injection, which are calculated from the occupied and unoccupied valence band states measured by UPS and NEXAFS. These changes in film electronic structure result from an increase in the electron conjugation length and other changes in film structure induced by SPIAD.
Demonstration of Functionally Different Interactions between Phospholipase C-γ and the Two Types of Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptors (1995)

Phosphorylated tyrosine residues in receptor tyrosine kinases serve as binding sites for signal transduction molecules. We have identified two autophosphorylation sites, Tyr-988 and Tyr-1018, in the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) alpha-receptor carboxyl-terminal tail, which are involved in binding of phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma). The capacities of the Y988F and Y1018F mutant PDGF alpha-receptors, expressed in porcine aortic endothelial cells, to bind PLC-gamma are 60 and 5% of that of the wild-type receptor, respectively. Phosphorylated but not unphosphorylated peptides containing Tyr-1018 are able to compete with the intact receptor for binding to immobilized PLC-gamma SH2 domains; a phosphorylated Tyr-988 peptide competes 10 times less efficiently. The complex between PLC-gamma and the PDGF alpha-receptor is more stable than that of PLC-gamma and the PDGF beta-receptor. However, PDGF stimulation results in a smaller fraction of tyrosine-phosphorylated PLC-gamma and a smaller accumulation of inositol trisphosphate in cells expressing the alpha-receptor as compared with cells expressing the beta-receptor. We conclude that phosphorylated Tyr-988 and Tyr-1018 in the PDGF alpha-receptor carboxyl-terminal tail bind PLC-gamma, but this association leads to only a relatively low level of tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PLC-gamma.
Innate immunity: impact on the adaptive immune response (1997)

For many years, innate immunity has been considered as a separate entity from the adaptive immune response and has been regarded to be of secondary importance in the hierarchy of immune functions. For the past few years, however, interest in innate immunity has grown enormously, so that now it is studied intensively in many laboratories that seek to integrate these two distinct types of immune function. Our intent in this review is to point out the similarities and differences in these two types of host response to infection, and to indicate our present level of understanding of how these can be integrated into a more complete description of the immune response.
Deformations in Si−Li Anodes Upon Electrochemical Alloying in Nano-Confined Space (2010)

The energy density of Li-ion batteries can be increased if graphitic anodes are replaced with nanostructured Si-based materials. Design of efficient Si anodes requires a better fundamental understanding of the possible changes in Si-Li alloy morphology during cycling. Here we propose a simple elastoplastic model to predict morphological changes in Si upon electrochemical reaction with Li in a confined geometry, such as a pore of a carbon nanotube (CNT). Our experiments with CNTs having inner Si coatings of different thicknesses confirmed the theoretical predictions and demonstrated irreversible shape changes in the first cycle and fully reversible shape changes in subsequent cycles. During the first lithiation, Si was found to adapt to the restricted shape of the rigid CNT pore and plastically deform during electrochemical alloying with Li. The sequential Li insertion and extraction periodically alters the tube size between the expanded and contracted states. The produced samples of porous Si with rigid CNT outer shell showed capacity up to 2100 mAh/g, stable performance for over 250 cycles, and outstanding average Coulombic efficiency in excess of 99.9%. CNT walls were demonstrated to withstand stresses caused by the initial Si expansion and Li intercalation.
Eight‐week histological analysis on the effect of chitosan on surgically created one‐wall intrabony defects in beagle dogs (2003)

The results demonstrate the beneficial effect of the chitosan/cs on the one-wall intrabony defects of beagle dogs. The inhibited apical migration of epithelium and the increase in the amount of new bone and new cementum suggest the potency of chitosan in inducing periodontal tissue regeneration.
In‐Situ Synthesis of Oxide/Oxide Composites (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedure Results and Discussion Conclusions
Integrated microscopy techniques for comprehensive pathology evaluation of an implantable left atrial pressure sensor (2013)

The safety and efficacy of an implantable left atrial pressure (LAP) monitoring system is being evaluated in a clinical trial setting. Because the number of available specimens from the clinical trial for histopathology analysis is limited, it is beneficial to maximize the usage of each available specimen by relying on integrated microscopy techniques. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how a comprehensive pathology analysis of a single specimen may be reliably achieved using integrated microscopy techniques. Integrated microscopy techniques consisting of high-resolution gross digital photography followed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning, low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM), and microground histology with special stains were applied to the same specimen. Integrated microscopy techniques were applied to eight human specimens. Micro-CT evaluation was beneficial for pinpointing the location and position of the device within the tissue, and for identifying any areas of interest or structural flaws that required additional examination. Usage of LVSEM was reliable in analyzing surface topography and cell type without destroying the integrity of the specimen. Following LVSEM, the specimen remained suitable for embedding in plastic and sectioning for light microscopy, using the positional data gathered from the micro-CT to intersect areas of interest in the slide. Finally, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and methylene blue staining was deployed on the slides with high-resolution results. The integration of multiple techniques on a single specimen maximized the usage of the limited number of available specimens from the clinical trial setting. Additionally, this integrated microscopic evaluation approach was found to have the added benefit of providing greater assurance of the derived conclusions because it was possible to cross-validate the results from multiple tests on the same specimen.