gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of a Novel Basement Membrane-associated Proteoglycan, Leprecan (1999)

A monoclonal antibody was used in early studies to identify a novel chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, secreted by L-2 cells, the core protein of which was approximately 100 kDa. To characterize this proteoglycan core protein at the molecular level, an L-2 cell cDNA library was probed by expression screening and solution hybridization. Northern blot analysis assigned transcript size to approximately 3.1 kilobases and, after contig assembly, the coding region of the mRNA corresponded to 2.18 kilobases. Immunoassays were performed to confirm the identity of this sequence, using a polyclonal antibody raised against an expressed fusion protein encoded by sequence representing the carboxyl half of the molecule. The antibody recognized the core protein in Western blots after prior digestion of the intact proteoglycan with chondroitinase ABC. Immunostaining tissue sections with the same antibody localized the proteoglycan to basement membranes, and expression of the entire sequence in Chinese hamster ovary K-1 cells showed that the protein encoded by the sequence secreted as a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. The core protein not only has motifs permitting glycosylation as a proteoglycan, but also possesses the endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal, KDEL, which suggests that, in addition to its role as a basement membrane component, it may also participate in the secretory pathway of cells.
Effects of Solvent Mixtures on the Nanoscale Phase Separation in Polymer Solar Cells (2008)

Abstract The mixed solvent approach has been demonstrated as a promising method to modify nanomorphology in polymer solar cells. This work aims to understand the unique role of the additive in the mixture solvent and how the optimized nanoscale phase separation develops laterally and vertically during the non‐equilibrium spin‐coating process. We found the donor/acceptor components in the active layer can phase separate into an optimum morphology with the additive. Supported by AFM, TEM and XPS results, we proposed a model and identified relevant parameters for the additive such as solubility and vapor pressures. Other additives are discovered to show the ability to improve polymer solar cell performance as well.
The Sommerfeld half-space problem revisited: from radio frequencies and Zenneck waves to visible light and Fano modes (2015)

The classical Sommerfeld half-space problem is revisited, with generalizations to multilayer and plasmonic media and focus on the surface field computation. A new ab initio solution is presented for an arbitrarily oriented Hertzian dipole radiating in the presence of a material half-space with arbitrary horizontal stratification. The solution method combines the vector potential approach and the spectral domain transmission line analog of the medium, which results in the most compact formulation and facilitates the inclusion of any number of layers in the analysis. Following Sommerfeld, the solution is first expressed in terms of the Fourier-Bessel transforms, also known as Sommerfeld integrals. Analytical properties of the integrands in the complex plane are then investigated, including the location of the Sommerfeld pole, which gives rise to the Zenneck wave (ZW) or surface plasmon polariton (SPP), and alternative field representations are developed by a deformation of the integration path and analytic continuation of the integrand functions, using hyperbolic and vertical branch cuts. Closed-form expressions for the asymptotic surface fields are also derived and the role of the ZW and SPP is elucidated. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the theory, from radio frequencies to visible light.
Learning Rules that Classify E-Mail (1996)

Two methods for learning text classifiers are compared on classification problems that might arise in filtering and filing personal e-mail messages: a &amp;quot;traditional IR&amp;quot; method based on TF-IDF weighting, and a new method for learning sets of &amp;quot;keyword-spotting rules&amp;quot; based on the RIPPER rule learning algorithm. It is demonstrated that both methods obtain significant generalizations from a small number of examples; that both methods are comparable in generalization performance on problems of this type; and that both methods are reasonably efficient, even with fairly large training sets. However, the greater comprehensibility of the rules may be advantageous in a system that allows users to extend or otherwise modify a learned classifier. Introduction Perhaps the most-discussed technical phenomenon of recent years has been the rapid growth of the Internet---or more generally, the rapid growth in the number of on-line documents. This has led to increased interest in intelligent methods for ...
Selective inhibition of vagal afferent nerve pathways regulating cough using Nav 1.7 shRNA silencing in guinea pig nodose ganglia (2013)

Adeno-associated virus delivery systems and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were used to selectively silence the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV 1.7 in the nodose ganglia of guinea pigs. The cough reflex in these animals was subsequently assessed. NaV 1.7 shRNA was delivered to the majority of nodose ganglia neurons [50-60% transfection rate determined by green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene cotransfection] and action potential conduction in the nodose vagal nerve fibers, as evaluated using an extracellular recording technique, was markedly and significantly reduced. By contrast, <5% of neurons in the jugular vagal ganglia neurons were transfected, and action potential conduction in the jugular vagal nerve fibers was unchanged. The control virus (with GFP expression) was without effect on action potential discharge and conduction in either ganglia. In vivo, NaV 1.7 silencing in the nodose ganglia nearly abolished cough evoked by mechanically probing the tracheal mucosa in anesthetized guinea pigs. Stimuli such as capsaicin and bradykinin that are known to stimulate both nodose and jugular C-fibers evoked coughing in conscious animals was unaffected by NaV 1.7 silencing in the nodose ganglia. Nodose C-fiber selective stimuli including adenosine, 2-methyl-5-HT, and ATP all failed to evoke coughing upon aerosol challenge. These results indicate that cough is independently regulated by two vagal afferent nerve subtypes in guinea pigs, with nodose Aδ fibers regulating cough evoked mechanically from the trachea and bradykinin- and capsaicin-evoked cough regulated by C-fibers arising from the jugular ganglia.
Drought, salt, and temperature stress-induced metabolic rearrangements and regulatory networks (2012)

Plants regularly face adverse growth conditions, such as drought, salinity, chilling, freezing, and high temperatures. These stresses can delay growth and development, reduce productivity, and, in extreme cases, cause plant death. Plant stress responses are dynamic and involve complex cross-talk between different regulatory levels, including adjustment of metabolism and gene expression for physiological and morphological adaptation. In this review, information about metabolic regulation in response to drought, extreme temperature, and salinity stress is summarized and the signalling events involved in mediating stress-induced metabolic changes are presented.
Algunos hechos sobre la distribucion del ingreso en mexico (1983)

a distribuci?n del ingreso y su relaci?n con el proceso de crecimiento han sido temas de m J constante preocupaci?n para investigadores nacionales y extranjeros. Muchos de ellos han es peculado sobre el asunto desde una perspectiva marxista, considerando el car?cter capitalista dependiente de nuestra econom?a. Estos autores no han apoyado sus opiniones en datos de natura leza cuantitativa; otros, quiz? con menos ambici?n respecto de la amplitud de sus resultados, pero m?s cerca de los c?nones de la ciencia social moderna, s? lo han hecho. Los temas de los que este ?ltimo grupo de inves tigadores se han ocupado son, entre otros, la medi ci?n de la concentraci?n del ingreso, su posible evoluci?n a lo largo del tiempo, su distribuci?n funcional, su distribuci?n regional y la relaci?n en tre ?sta y el gasto familiar. Los hechos que se han podido establecer con estos trabajos no son muchos ni muy sorprendentes. Esta escasez, sin embargo, no disminuye en nada la importancia de los mismos, ya que estos hechos proporcionar?n ni m?s ni menos que el punto de partida de las investigaciones que se hagan en el futuro sobre este tema. El progreso en el estudio de este aspecto de nuestra realidad social tendr? que venir de los estudios de la naturaleza emp?rica. ?Cu?l es este punto de partida? ?Qu? hechos se han podido establecer con dicha literatura? Son estas preguntas a las que se intenta responder, en forma un tanto simplificada, en las p?ginas siguien tes.
Genetics of Bipolar Disorder: Focus on BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism (2008)

Bipolar disorder is a chronic severe mood disorder that has been consistently demonstrated to have a strong inherited component. Traditional approaches to gene discovery have produced conflicting results regarding the association between genes and bipolar disorder. Numerous genes have been proposed as associated with bipolar disorder. This paper will focus on one of these, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF is an interesting candidate gene for bipolar disorder because of its important role in the neurodevelopment of the CNS. Previous genetic work has identified a potential association between a Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene and bipolar disorder. Meta-analysis based on all original published association studies between the Val66Met polymorphism and bipolar disorder up to May 2007 shows modest but statistically significant evidence for the association between the Val66Met polymorphism and bipolar disorder (random-effects pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.04-1.23, Z = 2.85, P = 0.004) from 14 studies consisting of 4248 cases, 7080 control subjects and 858 nuclear families. Further large-scale studies are warranted to elucidate the relevant BDNF gene variation(s) that act as risk factors for bipolar disorder susceptibility.
New induction of leukotriene A4 hydrolase by interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (2000)

Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13, Th2 cell-derived cytokines, play major roles in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. These cytokines up-regulate or down-regulate the production of arachidonic acid metabolites. In this study, we have investigated the effect of IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and other cytokines on A23187-stimulated synthesis of leukotriene (LT) B(4) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Production of LTB(4) was measured by specific radioimmunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), and LTA(4) hydrolase, which were involved in the synthesis of LTB(4), was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis. Protein synthesis of their enzymes was determined by Western blot analysis. IL-4 and IL-13 enhanced A23187-stimulated LTB(4) synthesis and increased mRNA expression and protein synthesis of LTA(4) hydrolase, but not those of cPLA(2) or 5-LO. These results indicate that IL-4 and IL-13 transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally up-regulate the synthesis of LTB(4), a potent chemotactic factor to PMNs, at the enzyme level of LTA(4) hydrolase, and this up-regulation mechanism may participate in the development of allergic inflammation. (Blood. 2000;96:601-609)
Eukaryotic DNA segments capable of autonomous replication in yeast. (1980)

A selective scheme is presented for isolating sequences capable of replicating autonomously in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. YIp5, a vector that contains the yeast gene ura3, does not transform a ura3 deletion mutant to Ura+. Hybrid YIp5-Escherichia coli DNA molecules also fail to produce transformants. However, collections of molecular hybrids between YIp5 and DNA from any of six eukaryotes tested (S. cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, Dictyostelium discoideum Ceanhorabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Zea mays) do transform the deletion mutant. The Ura+ transformants grow slowly, are unstable under nonselective conditions, and carry the transforming DNA as autonomously replicating, supercoiled circular molecules. Such a phenotype is qualitatively identical to that of strains transformed by molecules containing a yeast chromosomal origin of replication. Thus, these DNA hybrid molecules may contain eukaryotic origins of replication. The isolated sequences may be useful in determiing the signals controlling DNA replication in yeast and in studying both DNA replication and transformation in other eukaryotic organisms.
Patterns of pannus growth of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascular graft with special attention to the intimal hyperplasia formation. (1986)

Serial histologic observations of the healing process of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular grafts in dogs were performed. The common iliac arteries of 12 mongrel dogs were replaced with a 2-cm segment of 6 mm PTFE graft, bilaterally. The grafts were studied microscopically after the animals were killed at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks. All the grafts remained patent up to 24 weeks. Special attention was paid to the histological characteristics of pannus growth, which were divided into two types: smooth appearing and irregular. The former type was characterized by smooth, thinner connective tissue growth along the graft, and the latter was defined as irregular-shaped pannus containing large and small thrombi. Only pannus of the smooth type showed similar growth patterns and growth rates. These findings suggest essentially that pannus develops smoothly from both ends of the graft; however, thrombi disturbed this growth pattern. In 24 grafts, eight nodular lesions of the pannus (greater than 500 mu in height) were found: five distally and three proximally. All eight lesions were found within 3 mm of the anastomoses. Among these eight lesions, five were on the completely healed pannus, and the remainings were all on the irregular pannus. This suggests that thrombi organization followed by nodular lesions are major offending factors that lead to the formation of intimal hyperplasia.
Electrostatically Mediated Liposome Fusion and Lipid Exchange with a Nanoparticle-Supported Bilayer for Control of Surface Charge, Drug Containment, and Delivery (2009)

The loading and containment of cargo within nanoparticles and their efficient delivery to cells represent a primary challenge in nanomedicine. We report lipid exchange between free and mesoporous silica nanoparticle-supported lipid bilayers as an effective means of containing cargo, controlling charge, and directing delivery to mammalian cells. The delivery of a membrane-impermeable dye (calcein) and a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin) are demonstrated. Exchanged lipid bilayers minimized premature drug release, and an overall positive charge on the supported lipid bilayer effected enhanced delivery.
Hardware architecture for recursive Virtual Machines (1975)

In order to support Virtual Machine (VM) Systems on most current computer systems, the Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) is the only process allowed to reference directly a set of registers, called resource management registers (RMR). Any access operations to those registers executed by any other processes must be detected and executed interpretively by the VMM. This way of implementing VMs is imposed by inadequate hardware mechanism for protection. In this paper, this problem is studied and a hardware architecture is proposed to solve this problem in an efficient and elegant way. The hardware architecture proposed is a stack of RMR, one for each level of VM. The processes running on a VM can only access the RMRs of their level. The hardware (Control Unit) will use the information stored in the RMR of the current level and in the RMRs of lower levels for resource mapping.“A good wife can never cook without food”. A chinese proverb.
Oligoclonal T lymphocytes infiltrating human lung cancer tissues (1991)

To clarify the nature of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we investigated the possible clonality of the T cells in TILs freshly isolated from human primary lung cancer tissues by assessing the rearrangement pattern of the T-cell receptor (TCR) gene beta locus using Southern blotting. First, in phenotypic analysis, TILs represented different populations among corresponding peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) with an increased proportion of CD20+ (B) cells as well as a decreased proportion of CD16+ (natural killer) cells, and a variable CD4/CD8 ratio. Considering the central role of T cells in immune responses, we analyzed TCR beta gene rearrangement patterns in TILs and corresponding PBLs from 12 patients. In 10 of the 12 cases, TILs showed one or more TCR gene rearrangement bands with a predominance of the C beta 2 gene, in which 2 types of common rearranged band were observed among the cases with different clinical profiles in terms of histological types and disease stage, with bands at about 9.5 kb in 7 and at 11.5 kb in 8 patients. On the other hand, predominant rearranged bands were hardly detected in corresponding PBLs except in 2 cases. From these results, we conclude that TILs in lung cancer tissues frequently contain oligoclonal T-cell populations, which were probably sensitized by relatively common antigens at the tumor sites.
CHEMISTRY GRADS POST GAINS IN 2005 (2006)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVACS NewsNEXTCHEMISTRY GRADS POST GAINS IN 2005New bachelor's and Ph.D. degrees increase, while growth in women's share continuesMICHAEL HEYLINView Author Information C&EN WASHINGTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2006, 84, 30, 43–52Publication Date (Print):July 24, 2006Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 24 July 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v084n030.p043https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v084n030.p043acs-newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (6 MB) SUBJECTS:Undergraduates Get e-Alerts
Quantum Dot Superlattice Thermoelectric Materials and Devices (2002)

PbSeTe-based quantum dot superlattice structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been investigated for applications in thermoelectrics. We demonstrate improved cooling values relative to the conventional bulk (Bi,Sb)2(Se,Te)3 thermoelectric materials using a n-type film in a one-leg thermoelectric device test setup, which cooled the cold junction 43.7 K below the room temperature hot junction temperature of 299.7 K. The typical device consists of a substrate-free, bulk-like (typically 0.1 millimeter in thickness, 10 millimeters in width, and 5 millimeters in length) slab of nanostructured PbSeTe/PbTe as the n-type leg and a metal wire as the p-type leg.
QRS detection based on hidden Markov modeling (2003)

An experiment is described to investigate the application of hidden Markov modeling (HMM) to QRS detection. Previously reported detection algorithms employ decision rule stages which require specification and adjustment of numerous parameters for adequate detection accuracy. The hidden Markov modeling approach provides automatic estimation of all parameters in the decision rule stage from each ECG file undergoing analysis. Preliminary results using a simple HMM detector show performance comparable to that of a multiparameter threshold based decision rule scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: Subtypes, Biology, and Clinical Outcomes (2014)

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) encompasses various clinical contexts, ranging from the de novo presentation of small cell prostatic carcinoma to a treatment-emergent transformed phenotype that arises from typical adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The development of resistance to potent androgen receptor signaling inhibition may be associated with the emergence of aggressive phenotype, advanced castration-resistant NEPC. Clinically, small cell prostate cancer and NEPC are often manifested by the presence of visceral or large soft tissue metastatic disease, a disproportionately low serum prostate-specific antigen level relative to the overall burden of disease, and a limited response to targeting of the androgen signaling axis. These tumors are often characterized by loss of androgen receptor expression, loss of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor copy number or expression, amplification of Aurora kinase A and N-Myc, and activation of the PI3K pathway. However, a consensus phenotype-genotype definition of NEPC has yet to emerge, and molecularly based biomarkers are needed to expand on traditional morphologic and immunohistochemical markers of NEPC to fully define the spectrum of this aggressive, androgen receptor-independent disease. Emerging studies implicate a shared clonal origin with prostatic adenocarcinoma in many cases, with the adaptive emergence of unique cellular programming and gene expression profiles. Ongoing clinical studies are focused on developing novel targeted therapeutic approaches for this high-risk, lethal subset of disease, to improve on the limited durations of response often observed with traditional platinum-based chemotherapy.