gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wideband Tri-Polarization Reconfigurable Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna (2017)

A wideband polarization reconfigurable magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna is presented. The proposed ME dipole is able to work in three different polarization states including one linear polarization and two orthogonal circular polarizations. The linearly polarized operation mode is based on a Γ-probe-fed ME dipole of four-sectional structure. And perturbation is introduced by connecting the +45° (or -45°) diagonal parts of the four sections with a diode embedded line to realize circularly polarized (CP) radiation. A simple biasing network driven by one 1.5 V dc source is designed to manipulate the state of four p-i-n diodes and hence switch the polarization. The presented reconfigurable ME dipole demonstrates distinctive features such as stable gain, high front-to-back ratio, and symmetric radiation pattern. Furthermore, a wide effective bandwidth (BW) in terms of the overlapped frequency region within which the impedance BW (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> <; -10 dB) for all polarization states and the axial ratio (AR) BW(AR <; 3) for both CP states are sustained simultaneously is obtained. An antenna prototype based on the proposed design is fabricated and tested for verification. Measured results show an effective BW of 7.9% (with an overlapped impedance BW of 31% and overlapped AR BW of 7.9%), comparatively high gain of 9 ± 0.8 dBi, and high efficiency of 80%-90% for all polarizations across the operating band.
The amino acid sequence of Erythrina corallodendron lectin and its homology with other legume lectins (1989)

The primary sequence of Erythrina corallodendron lectin was deduced from analysis of the peptides derived from the lectin by digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, elastase and lysylendopeptidase-C, and of fragments generated by cleavage of the lectin with dilute formic acid in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Purification of the individual peptides was achieved by gel filtration, followed by reverse phase HPLC. The glycosylation site (Asn17-Leu18-Thr19) was deduced from analysis of the glycopeptide isolated from a pronase digest of the lectin before and after deglycosylation of the glycopeptide with endoglycosidase F. Comparison of the sequence of 244 residues thus obtained with those of 9 other legume lectins revealed extensive homologies, including 39 invariant positions and 60 partial identities. These data provide further evidence for the conservation of the lectin gene in leguminous plants.
An adaptive Web page recommendation service (1997)

An adaptive recommendation service seeks to adapt to its users, providing increasingly personalized rec-ommendations over time. In this paper we introduce the \\Fab &amp;quot; adaptive web page recommendation ser-vice. There has been much research on analyzing doc-ument content in order to improve recommendations or search results. More recently researchers have be-gun to explore how the similarities between users can be exploited to the same ends. The Fab system strikes a balance between these two approaches, taking ad-vantage of the shared interests among users without losing the benets of the representations provided by content analysis. Running since March 1996, it has been populated with a collection of agents for the col-lection and selection of web pages, whose interaction fosters emergent collaborative properties. In this pa-per we explain the design of the system architecture and report the results of our rst experiment, eval-uating recommendations provided to a group of test users. 1
Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Women With Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Focused Update (2014)

Previous ASCO guidelines recommended treatment of women who have hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and are premenopausal with 5 years of tamoxifen, and those who are postmenopausal a minimum of 5 years of adjuvant therapy with an aromatase inhibitor or tamoxifen followed by an aromatase inhibitor (in sequence). If women are pre- or perimenopausal and have received 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen, they should be offered 10 years total duration of tamoxifen. If women are postmenopausal and have received 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen, they should be offered the choice of continuing tamoxifen or switching to an aromatase inhibitor for 10 years total adjuvant endocrine therapy.
The Listeria monocytogenes hemolysin has an acidic pH optimum to compartmentalize activity and prevent damage to infected host cells (2002)

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that escapes from a phagosome and grows in the host cell cytosol. The pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, listeriolysin O (LLO), mediates bacterial escape from vesicles and is approximately 10-fold more active at an acidic than neutral pH. By swapping dissimilar residues from a pH-insensitive orthologue, perfringolysin O (PFO), we identified leucine 461 as unique to pathogenic Listeria and responsible for the acidic pH optimum of LLO. Conversion of leucine 461 to the threonine present in PFO increased the hemolytic activity of LLO almost 10-fold at a neutral pH. L. monocytogenes synthesizing LLO L461T, expressed from its endogenous site on the bacterial chromosome, resulted in a 100-fold virulence defect in the mouse listeriosis model. These bacteria escaped from acidic phagosomes and initially grew normally in cells and spread cell to cell, but prematurely permeabilized the host membrane and killed the cell. These data show that the acidic pH optimum of LLO results from an adaptive mutation that acts to limit cytolytic activity to acidic vesicles and prevent damage in the host cytosol, a strategy also used by host cells to compartmentalize lysosomal hydrolases.
[Transdermal administration of insulin in type II diabetics. Results of a clinical pilot study]. (1990)

In 6 type II diabetic patients, which showed no satisfactory blood sugar profiles under oral sulfonylurea monotherapy, a placebo controlled cross over pilot trial was performed to evaluate the effect of additive transdermal insulin application. In comparison to the monotherapy with sulfonylurea, the combination with transdermal insulin showed in 4 of the 6 patients a significant reduction of the daily mean blood sugar values as well as a slight increase of insulin serum concentrations. The 2 patients, who had no glucose reductions also showed a slight increase of insulin levels during the combination phase. Relevant adverse reactions were not seen. The results suggest, that in suited patients an improvement of sulfonylurea therapy by combination with transdermal insulin is possible.
Combinatorial efficacy achieved through two-point blockade within a signaling pathway-a chemical genetic approach. (2003)

Whether the apparent efficacy of a specific kinase inhibitor is attributable solely to inhibition of its primary target, or to combined inhibition of additional unidentified kinases, is a critical issue in cancer therapy. We used a chemical genetic approach to generate a selective inhibitor of v-erbB [a transforming allele of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)] and interrogated inhibition in known downstream signaling pathways. On the basis of this analysis, we hypothesized that dual inhibition of v-erbB and phosphatidylinositol 3' (PI3) kinases could show improved potency. We, therefore, used two different cell lines to examine the effects of v-erbB or EGFR inhibitors, in combination with PI3 kinase inhibitors, in mouse models for EGFR-driven cancers. When treated with NaPP1, v-erbB-as1-transformed fibroblasts showed cell-cycle arrest and decreased activity of Akt kinase. Inhibitors of v-erbB-as1 and of PI3 kinase showed enhanced efficacy in treating established 3T3:v-erbB-as1 tumor allografts. We extended these results to the human glioma cell line U87:MG transduced with DeltaEGFR, a tumor-derived activated allele, treating tumor-bearing mice with vehicle, the EGFR inhibitor ZD1839, LY294002, or ZD1839 plus LY294002. In human glioma xenografts, inhibition of EGFR cooperated similarly with inhibition of PI3 kinase. Our experiments provide a preclinical mechanistic basis for combining biologically based therapies directed against two targets within a complex signaling cascade.
Endothelial cell surface F 1 -F O ATP synthase is active in ATP synthesis and is inhibited by angiostatin (2001)

Angiostatin blocks tumor angiogenesis in vivo, almost certainly through its demonstrated ability to block endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Although the mechanism of angiostatin action remains unknown, identification of F(1)-F(O) ATP synthase as the major angiostatin-binding site on the endothelial cell surface suggests that ATP metabolism may play a role in the angiostatin response. Previous studies noting the presence of F(1) ATP synthase subunits on endothelial cells and certain cancer cells did not determine whether this enzyme was functional in ATP synthesis. We now demonstrate that all components of the F(1) ATP synthase catalytic core are present on the endothelial cell surface, where they colocalize into discrete punctate structures. The surface-associated enzyme is active in ATP synthesis as shown by dual-label TLC and bioluminescence assays. Both ATP synthase and ATPase activities of the enzyme are inhibited by angiostatin as well as by antibodies directed against the alpha- and beta-subunits of ATP synthase in cell-based and biochemical assays. Our data suggest that angiostatin inhibits vascularization by suppression of endothelial-surface ATP metabolism, which, in turn, may regulate vascular physiology by established mechanisms. We now have shown that antibodies directed against subunits of ATP synthase exhibit endothelial cell-inhibitory activities comparable to that of angiostatin, indicating that these antibodies function as angiostatin mimetics.
Cloning and partial characterization of regulated promoters from Lactococcus lactis Tn917-lacZ integrants with the new promoter probe vector, pAK80 (1995)

Transposon Tn917-LTV1 was used to produce a collection of Lactococcus lactis strains with fusion of a promoterless lacZ gene to chromosomal loci. Screening 2,500 Tn917-LTV1 integrants revealed 222 that express beta-galactosidase on plates at 30 degrees C. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed Tn917-LTV1 insertions in at least 13 loci in 15 strains analyzed. Integrants in which beta-galactosidase expression was regulated by temperature or pH and/or arginine concentration were isolated. In most cases, the regulation observed on plates was reproducible in liquid medium. One integrant, PA170, produces beta-galactosidase at pH 5.2 but not at pH 7.0, produces more beta-galactosidase at 15 degrees C than at 30 degrees C, and has increased beta-galactosidase activity in the stationary phase. DNA fragments potentially carrying promoters from selected Lactococcus lactis integrants were cloned in Escherichia coli. A new promoter probe vector, pAK80, containing promoterless beta-galactosidase genes from Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris and the Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis citrate plasmid replication region was constructed, and the lactococcal fragments were inserted. Plasmid pAK80 was capable of detecting and discriminating even weak promoters in Lactococcus lactis. When inserted in pAK80, the promoter cloned from PA170 displayed a regulated expression of beta-galactosidase analogous to the regulation observed in PA170.
Ultrafast time-resolved quantum beats in the polarization state of coherent emission from quantum wells (1998)

Dual-channel spectral interferometry is used to measure the ellipticity, the orientation of the polarization ellipse, and the sense of rotation of the four-wave-mixing signal from a GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum well. Each parameter is observed to oscillate dramatically at the heavy-hole-light-hole quantum beat frequency. During each beat period (in the strong quantum beat regime), the ellipticity oscillates twice between linear and almost-circular polarization, the orientation of the polarization ellipse rotates through a complete 180 degrees , and the sense of rotation changes from left- to right-circular polarization.
Basic fibroblast growth factor modulates proliferation and collagen expression in urinary bladder smooth muscle cells (2007)

Bladder hypertrophy is a general consequence of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and a typical phenomenon observed in clinical urologic diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and neurogenic bladder. It is characterized by smooth muscle hyperplasia, altered extracellular matrix composition, and increased contractile function. Various growth factors are likely involved in hypertrophic pathophysiology, but their functions remain unknown. In this report, the role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was investigated using a rat bladder smooth muscle cell (BSMC) culture system and an original animal model, in which bFGF was released from a gelatin hydrogel directly onto rat bladders. bFGF treatment promoted BSMC proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, bFGF downregulated the expression of type I collagen, but upregulated type III collagen. ERK1/2, but not p38MAPK, was activated by bFGF, whereas inhibition of ERK1/2 by PD98059 reversed bFGF-induced BSMC proliferation, type I collagen downregulation, and type III collagen upregulation. In the in vivo release model, bFGF upregulated type III collagen and increased the contractile force of treated bladders. In parallel with these findings, hypertrophied rat bladders created by urethral constriction showed increased urothelial bFGF expression, BSMC proliferation, and increased type III collagen expression compared with sham-operated rats. These data suggest that bFGF from the urothelium could act as a paracrine signal that stimulates the proliferation and matrix production of BSMC, thereby contributing to the hypertrophic remodeling of the smooth muscle layer.
How Can You Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis without Using Corticosteroids and Immunosuppressive Medications? (2020)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease, which affects approximately 1% of the world's adult population. It is characterized by the inflammation of synovial tissue from multiple articulations. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, RA is categorized under the "Bi" or impediment disease, a group of diseases caused by the invasion of Wind, Cold, Dampness, or Heat pathogen on the meridians involving muscles, sinews, bones, and joints.
Gastroenterologist perceptions of faecal microbiota transplantation (2015)

Despite general enthusiasm, most gastroenterologists have limited experience with, or access to, FMT. The greatest concerns were lack of supportive evidence and safety issues. However a significant proportion would refer indications other than CDI for FMT despite insufficient evidence. These data provide guidance on where education and training are required.
New Interference Sensing Demand Pacemaker Functions (1978)

Demand cardiac pacemaker functions are under study that provide new methods to distinguish between cardiac activity and pulsatile electromagnetic interference (PEMI). All known forms of currently marketed ventricular inhibited demand pacemaker (VVI) functions can be inhibited by high level pulsatile electromagnetic interference. The recent introduction of shielded circuitry to protect against disruptive (inhibiting) EMI has reduced pacemaker sensitivity to interference. However, EMI received via the cardiac lead/electrode can still mimic cardiac activity. This mimicing occurs as a consequence of detection by defribrillator protection structures or by amplifier saturation from RF artifacts insufficiently suppressed by input QRS bandpass filters. The new functions under development employ a separate EMI detection receiver for controlling the pacemaker mode to minimize inhibition by PEMI.
Molecular Mechanism of Flocculation Self-Recognition in Yeast and Its Role in Mating and Survival (2015)

Yeast cells can form multicellular clumps under adverse growth conditions that protect cells from harsh environmental stresses. The floc formation is based on the self-interaction of Flo proteins via an N-terminal PA14 lectin domain. We have focused on the flocculation mechanism and its role. We found that carbohydrate specificity and affinity are determined by the accessibility of the binding site of the Flo proteins where the external loops in the ligand-binding domains are involved in glycan recognition specificity. We demonstrated that, in addition to the Flo lectin-glycan interaction, glycan-glycan interactions also contribute significantly to cell-cell recognition and interaction. Additionally, we show that flocculation provides a uniquely organized multicellular ultrastructure that is suitable to induce and accomplish cell mating. Therefore, flocculation is an important mechanism to enhance long-term yeast survival.
Photovoltaic Manufacturing Cost and Throughput Improvements for Thin Film CIGS-Based Modules: Final Technical Report, July 1998 -- September 2001 (2002)

This report describes the marked improvements made of the production line under the PVMaT program: successfully developed a high-speed, all-laser, monolithic integration process for CIGS-based modules on polyimide substrates; exceeded PVMaT goals for scribing rate and total interconnect width; developed robust, well-controlled techniques for selective scribing; improved CIGS evaporation sources to allow uniform, controllable delivery; completed foundation required to integrate higher CIGS deposition rates into the production line; developed well-controlled Se delivery system to minimize Se consumption; successfully integrated the parallel-detector spectroscope ellipsometer (PDSE) into a production CIGS deposition chamber; collected useful, in-situ data with PDSE; validated the performance of the X-ray fluorescometry (XRF) sensor in the production CIGS deposition chamber; and successfully incorporated the XRF sensor into the control architecture of the production CIGS deposition chamber .
A Quantitative Approach to Screen for Nephrotoxic Compounds In Vitro (2015)

Nephrotoxicity due to drugs and environmental chemicals accounts for significant patient mortality and morbidity, but there is no high throughput in vitro method for predictive nephrotoxicity assessment. We show that primary human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HPTECs) possess characteristics of differentiated epithelial cells rendering them desirable to use in such in vitro systems. To identify a reliable biomarker of nephrotoxicity, we conducted multiplexed gene expression profiling of HPTECs after exposure to six different concentrations of nine human nephrotoxicants. Only overexpression of the gene encoding heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) significantly correlated with increasing dose for six of the compounds, and significant HO-1 protein deregulation was confirmed with each of the nine nephrotoxicants. Translatability of HO-1 increase across species and platforms was demonstrated by computationally mining two large rat toxicogenomic databases for kidney tubular toxicity and by observing a significant increase in HO-1 after toxicity using an ex vivo three-dimensional microphysiologic system (kidney-on-a-chip). The predictive potential of HO-1 was tested using an additional panel of 39 mechanistically distinct nephrotoxic compounds. Although HO-1 performed better (area under the curve receiver-operator characteristic curve [AUC-ROC]=0.89) than traditional endpoints of cell viability (AUC-ROC for ATP=0.78; AUC-ROC for cell count=0.88), the combination of HO-1 and cell count further improved the predictive ability (AUC-ROC=0.92). We also developed and optimized a homogenous time-resolved fluorescence assay to allow high throughput quantitative screening of nephrotoxic compounds using HO-1 as a sensitive biomarker. This cell-based approach may facilitate rapid assessment of potential nephrotoxic therapeutics and environmental chemicals.
Regulation of toxin synthesis in Clostridium difficile by an alternative RNA polymerase sigma factor (2001)

Clostridium difficile, a causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and its potentially lethal form, pseudomembranous colitis, produces two large protein toxins that are responsible for the cellular damage associated with the disease. The level of toxin production appears to be critical for determining the severity of the disease, but the mechanism by which toxin synthesis is regulated is unknown. The product of a gene, txeR, that lies just upstream of the tox gene cluster was shown to be needed for tox gene expression in vivo and to activate promoter-specific transcription of the tox genes in vitro in conjunction with RNA polymerases from C. difficile, Bacillus subtilis, or Escherichia coli. TxeR was shown to function as an alternative sigma factor for RNA polymerase. Because homologs of TxeR regulate synthesis of toxins and a bacteriocin in other Clostridium species, TxeR appears to be a prototype for a novel mode of regulation of toxin genes.
Anionic polymerization mechanism of n‐carboxy‐α‐amino acid anhydrides (1975)

Abstract The anionic polymerization mechanism of N‐carboxy‐α‐amino acid anhydrides (NCAs) is studied. Polymerization of α‐aminoisobutyric acid NCA in the presence of triethylamine as catalyst is fairly accelerated by addition of ring amide compounds, namely 2‐oxazolidone and 3‐methyl hydantoin. Similar effects are noted when N‐acetyl derivatives of such compounds are used. This observation corroborates the usual hypothesis which presumes a N‐acylated NCA ring structure for the growing chain end. By comparing this polymerization with that of lactams, one reveals some common features as well as differences between these two reactions. Theoretical considerations supported by some experimental data lead us to assume two hypotheses in interpreting the anionic polymerization of NCAs: first, the 2‐carbonyl group is the most electrophilic of the three carbonyls present at the active site of chain growth, and second, the NCA anion has a pronounced oxanionic character. Thus, the anionic polymerization mechanism of NCAs we propose, involves attack of the 2‐carbonyl group of the terminal ring unit by NCA oxanion. In the resulting reaction intermediate, the attacking unit then swings to the 5‐carbonyl through a series of electron transfers by mesomerism, helped by the release of carbon dioxide after the neutralization of the ionic charge of the polymer chain. This mechanism is an improved version of the “activated monomer” mechanism, and is based on the same principle as the latter. Thus, not only can our own results be explained without difficulty by this mechanism, but also the experimental facts presented in support of the conventional mechanism in the literature agree with it.
Fracture and Fatigue in Graphene Nanocomposites (2009)

Graphene fillers are shown to be remarkably effective in suppressing crack propagation in epoxy polymers (see image). The graphene fillers show comparable increases in fracture toughness and fatigue crack propagation resistance to carbon nanotube, nanoparticle, and nanoclay additives at one to two orders of magnitude lower nanofiller weight fraction. This extraordinary property is related to deflection processes associated with the high-aspect-ratio sheet structure of graphene. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.