gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Melanocortin NDP-MSH Agonist Peptide Fragments at the Mouse Central and Peripheral Melanocortin Receptors (2001)

The central melanocortin receptors, melanocortin-4 (MC4R) and melanocortin-3 (MC3R), are involved in the regulation of satiety and energy homeostasis. The MC4R in particular has become a pharmaceutical industry drug target due to its direct involvement in the regulation of food intake and its potential therapeutic application for the treatment of obesity-related diseases. The melanocortin receptors are stimulated by the native ligand, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). The potent and enzymatically stable analogue NDP-MSH (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Nle-Glu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH(2)) is a lead peptide for the identification of melanocortin amino acids important for receptor molecular recognition and stimulation. We have synthesized nine peptide fragments of NDP-MSH, deleting N- and C-terminal amino acids to determine the "minimally active" sequence of NDP-MSH. Additionally, five peptides were synthesized to study stereochemical inversion at the Phe 7 and Trp 9 positions in attempts to increase tetra- and tripeptide potencies. These peptide analogues were pharmacologically characterized at the mouse melanocortin MC1, MC3, MC4, and MC5 receptors. This study has identified the Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) tetrapeptide as possessing 10 nM agonist activity at the brain MC4R. The tripeptide Ac-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) possessed micromolar agonist activities at the MC1R, MC4R, and MC5R but only slight stimulatory activity was observed at the MC3R (at up to 100 microM concentration). This study has also examined to importance of both N- and C-terminal NDP-MSH amino acids at the different melanocortin receptors, providing information for drug design and identification of putative ligand-receptor interactions.
The Origins and Implications of Intratumor Heterogeneity (2010)

Human tumors often display startling intratumor heterogeneity in various features including histology, gene expression, genotype, and metastatic and proliferative potential. This phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity plays an important role in neoplasia, cancer progression, and therapeutic resistance. In this issue of the journal (beginning on page 1388), Merlo et al. report their use of molecular data from 239 patients with Barrett's esophagus to evaluate the propensity of major diversity indices for predicting progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. This work helps elucidate the implications of molecular heterogeneity for the evolution of neoplasia.
Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDM Systems Over Mobile Radio Channels (2009)

In this paper, a new technique is proposed for blind estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO) in wireless orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with constant-modulus constellations. The proposed scheme is based on the assumption that the channel slowly changes in the time domain with respect to the OFDM symbol duration. As a consequence, the channel effect on a given subcarrier in two consecutive OFDM symbols is approximately the same. Based on this assumption, a cost function is derived such that the power difference between all subcarriers in two consecutive OFDM symbols is minimized. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme has superior performance in both static and time-varying frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed system can rapidly and accurately estimate the CFO using only three trial values, given that the CFO is less than half of the subcarriers' frequency spacing.
End-to-End Learning of Semantic Grasping (2017)

We consider the task of semantic robotic grasping, in which a robot picks up an object of a user-specified class using only monocular images. Inspired by the two-stream hypothesis of visual reasoning, we present a semantic grasping framework that learns object detection, classification, and grasp planning in an end-to-end fashion. A "ventral stream" recognizes object class while a "dorsal stream" simultaneously interprets the geometric relationships necessary to execute successful grasps. We leverage the autonomous data collection capabilities of robots to obtain a large self-supervised dataset for training the dorsal stream, and use semi-supervised label propagation to train the ventral stream with only a modest amount of human supervision. We experimentally show that our approach improves upon grasping systems whose components are not learned end-to-end, including a baseline method that uses bounding box detection. Furthermore, we show that jointly training our model with auxiliary data consisting of non-semantic grasping data, as well as semantically labeled images without grasp actions, has the potential to substantially improve semantic grasping performance.
Luminescence emission from Neurospora copper metallothionein. Time-resolved studies (1989)

The luminescence lifetime of Cu-metallothionein from the fungus Neurospora crassa has been studied by the frequency-domain emission technique. Lifetimes of 10.3 and 3.4 microseconds have been found for the protein in the absence and in the presence of oxygen respectively. Binding of Hg(II) results in a quenching of the luminescence correlated to the shortening of lifetime to 0.3-0.4 microsecond. No quenching by oxygen is found for the Hg(II)-Cu-metallothionein adduct. By analogy to model compounds, luminescence emission is attributed to a triplet excited state of a Cu(I)-to-sulphur charge-transfer complex. The comparison of bimolecular quenching constants for O2 and acrylamide indicates a highly compact structure of the protein.
Patent foramen ovale: the jury is still out (2004)

for prevention of paradoxical embolism is not only far from being the gold standar but also far from being evidence based medicine. Catheter closure of PFO is by definition effective in reducing the risk of paradoxical embolism where complete closure can be achieved, at least in the majority of the patients. Nonetheless, the risk of complications arising either through the procedure or from complications related to the device itself during follow-up may be higher than the spontaneous risk without any preventive treatment. If PFO closure could be achieved without risks, we would not have to discuss the clinical value of the procedure. As with medical treatment, we remain far from evidence based medicine. Currently, there are several trials planned or already in progress, comparing medical treatment and catheter closure. Because there is a general agreement that medical treatment is probably better than nothing, none of these trials are placebo controlled. Surgical closure has probably the same risk as surgical ASD closure (which means 0.5% mortality, 1‐2% stroke) and so is also not investigated. As enrolment in these trials is slower than expected, results will not be available within the next 5 years.
TaqMan PCR-based Gene Dosage Assay for Predictive Testing in Individuals from a Cancer Family with INK4 Locus Haploinsufficiency (1999)

This is the first report of a high-throughput, automatable gene dosage assay successfully applied to the identification of a germ-line deletion. This approach, not limited by marker informativeness or the need for harvesting live cells, can be applied to any condition with haploinsufficiency and extended to the characterization of most abnormalities of the ploidy.
Reperfusion injury and its pharmacologic modification. (1989)

Reperfusion injury includes a spectrum of events, such as reperfusion arrhythmias, vascular damage and no-reflow, and myocardial functional stunning. The concept of reperfusion injury remains controversial with many proposed mechanisms when applied to humans, whereas in animal models, there are two main proposed mechanisms: calcium over-load and formation of oxygen free radicals. To prove that reperfusion injury is specifically caused by reperfusion would require evidence that an intervention given at the time of reperfusion can diminish or abolish the injury as in the case of arrhythmias, which are thought to be mediated by excess recycling of cytosolic calcium with delayed afterdepolarizations and ventricular automaticity. In the case of myocardial stunning, the phenomenon may be mediated, at least in part, by a burst of free radicals formed within the first minute of reperfusion and improved by free radical scavengers given at the time of reperfusion. The alternate hypothesis is that cytosolic calcium overload damages mechanisms for normal intracellular calcium regulation so that the stunned myocardium responds to agents that are thought to increase intracellular cytosolic calcium, such as beta-receptor agonists. A further component of reperfusion injury, under active investigation, is microvascular damage with alterations at the level of platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial integrity. From the therapeutic point of view, the divergent results of experimental interventions and the possibility that the abrupt onset of reperfusion in animals differs from the situation in humans with thrombolysis means that the best way currently available to limit reperfusion injury is by minimizing the ischemic period by early reperfusion and by optimizing the metabolic status of the ischemic myocardium at the end of the ischemic period.
Donor-Specific Antibodies in Allograft Rejection: Clinical and Experimental Data (2005)

The ability of donor-specific major histocompatibility complex alloantibodies to destroy a transplanted organ within minutes, the so-called hyperacute rejection phenomenon, has been known for a long time. It is a clear demonstration of the possible cytotoxic effect of antibodies. Apart from this particular situation, the role of antibodies in inducing acute or chronic allograft rejection remains controversial. Many clinical data have shown that transplant recipients capable of developing class I or class II anti-HLA antibodies experienced shorter survival periods than those who were not. This fact, in accordance with experimental data, only demonstrates that high antibody responders reject a transplant more easily than low responders. More interestingly, there is now increasing evidence that posttransplant appearance of donor-specific alloantibodies, and probably of alloreactive-induced autoantibodies, is strongly correlated with reduced graft survival rate, especially from chronic rejection. We demonstrated that donor-specific HLA antibodies can be found in more than 70% of transplanted kidneys with chronic allograft nephropathy, and that the intragraft presence of such antibodies is significantly correlated with high numbers of plasma cells on early biopsies and C4d deposits, a recognized marker of humoral rejection. It is likely that non-HLA antibodies also play a deleterious role in organ transplant outcome, particularly the heterogeneous group of anti-endothelial cells antibodies, anti-MIC antibodies, autoantibodies and some others with no recognized target. Convincing experimental data, especially using B cell and T cell deficient mice, strongly suggest that B cells and donor-specific antibodies are required for fully developed chronic allograft rejection. The role of antibodies in inducing the cascade of cytokines and growth factors leading to tissue lesions is of increasing interest since it is now possible to control B cell proliferation and antibody production.
Formal verification in hardware design (1999)

In recent years, formal methods have emerged as an alternative approach to ensuring the quality and correctness of hardware designs, overcoming some of the limitations of traditional validation techniques such as simulation and testing. There are two main aspects to the application of formal methods in a design process: the formal framework used to specify desired properties of a design and the verification techniques and tools used to reason about the relationship between a specification and a corresponding implementation. We survey a variety of frameworks and techniques proposed in the literature and applied to actual designs. The specification frameworks we describe include temporal logics, predicate logic, abstraction and refinement, as well as containment between ω-regular languages. The verification techniques presented include model checking, automata-theoretic techniques, automated theorem proving, and approaches that integrate the above methods. In order to provide insight into the scope and limitations of currently available techniques, we present a selection of case studies where formal methods were applied to industrial-scale designs, such as microprocessors, floating-point hardware, protocols, memory subsystems, and communications hardware.
Preparation and Applications of Peptide−Oligonucleotide Conjugates (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEReviewNEXTPreparation and Applications of Peptide−Oligonucleotide ConjugatesChing-Hsuan Tung and Stanley SteinView Author Information Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, room 5406, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129 Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, 679 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854Cite this: Bioconjugate Chem. 2000, 11, 5, 605–618Publication Date (Web):September 18, 2000Publication History Received23 March 2000Published online18 September 2000Published inissue 1 September 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bc0000334https://doi.org/10.1021/bc0000334review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2994Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Conjugate acid-base pairs,Genetics,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Spin transfer effect in magnetic tunnel junction with a nano-current-channel Layer in free layer (2005)

The current-induced magnetization switching (spin transfer effect) in a low resistance-area (RA) product magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device with critical current density of 1.4/spl times/10/sup 7/ A/cm/sup 2/ was demonstrated. The RA product of the MTJ is 4.2 /spl Omega//spl mu/m/sup 2/ and the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio induced by current is up to 16%. An MTJ structure with a novel nano-current-channel (NCC) layer inserted into the free layer for the current-induced magnetization switching by lower current density was proposed and prototyped. By using the current confined effect, the local current density in the integrated free layer was sufficiently high to switch the magnetization locally. Such local magnetization reversal helped to reverse the magnetic moments around together with the polarized current and spread out the switching of the entire free layer through the superparamagnetic nano-channels. The critical current density was reduced to 4.2/spl times/10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/, which is only one quarter of that for a pure MTJ structure.
The Design, Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of a Series of 5-trimethylsilyl-1-β-d-(arabinofuranosyl) uracil phosphoramidate ProTides (2010)

The inactivity of the ProTides of this nucleoside could correspond with poor ProTide activation in vitro, poor onward metabolism or low activity of the putative monophosphate metabolite.
A tomographic formulation of spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar (1983)

Spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar (spotlight-mode SAR) synthesizes high-resolution terrain maps using data gathered from multiple observation angles. This paper shows that spotlight-mode SAR can be interpreted as a tomographic reeonstrution problem and analyzed using the projection-slice theorem from computer-aided tomograpy (CAT). The signal recorded at each SAR transmission point is modeled as a portion of the Fourier transform of a central projection of the imaged ground area. Reconstruction of a SAR image may then be accomplished using algorithms from CAT. This model permits a simple understanding of SAR imaging, not based on Doppler shifts. Resolution, sampling rates, waveform curvature, the Doppler effect, and other issues are also discussed within the context of this interpretation of SAR.
Engineered collagen–PEO nanofibers and fabrics (2001)

Type I collagen-PEO fibers and non-woven fiber networks were produced by the electrospinning of a weak acid solution of purified collagen at ambient temperature and pressure. As determined by high-resolution SEM and TEM. fiber morphology was influenced by solution viscosity, conductivity, and flow rate. Uniform fibers with a diameter range of 100-150 nm were produced from a 2-wt% solution of collagen-PEO at a flow rate of 100 microl min(-1). Ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus of the resulting non-woven fabrics was dependent upon the chosen weight ratio of the collagen-PEO blend. 1H NMR dipolar magnetization transfer analysis suggested that the superior mechanical properties, observed for collagen-PEO blends of weight ratio 1:1, were due to the maximization of intermolecular interactions between the PEO and collagen components. The process outlined herein provides a convenient, non-toxic, non-denaturing approach for the generation collagen-containing nanofibers and non-woven fabrics that have potential application in wound healing, tissue engineering, and as hemostatic agents.
Display of Cell Surface Sites for Fibronectin Assembly Is Modulated by Cell Adherence to 1F3 and C-Terminal Modules of Fibronectin (2008)

These results suggest that (1)F3 acts together with C-terminal modules to induce display of fibronectin assembly sites on adherent cells.
Probucol inhibits oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein. (1986)

Previous studies have established that low density lipoprotein (LDL) incubated with endothelial cells (EC) undergoes extensive oxidative modification in structure and that the modified LDL is specifically recognized by the acetyl LDL receptor of the macrophage. Thus, in principle, EC-modified LDL could contribute to foam cell formation during atherogenesis. Oxidatively modified LDL is also potentially toxic to EC. The present studies show that addition of probucol during the incubation of LDL with EC prevents the increase in the electrophoretic mobility, the increase in peroxides, and the increase in subsequent susceptibility to macrophage degradation. It has also been shown that oxidation of LDL catalyzed by cupric ion induces many of the same changes occurring during EC modification. Addition of probucol (5 microM) also prevented this copper-catalyzed modification of LDL. Most importantly, samples of LDL isolated from plasma of hypercholesterolemic patients under treatment with conventional dosages of probucol were shown to be highly resistant to oxidative modification either by incubation with endothelial cells or by cupric ion in the absence of cells. The findings suggest the hypothetical but intriguing possibility that probucol, in addition to its recognized effects on plasma LDL levels, may inhibit atherogenesis by limiting oxidative LDL modification and thus foam cell formation and/or EC injury. Other compounds with antioxidant properties might behave similarly.
Unique characteristic features of stimulated Brillouin scattering in small-core photonic crystal fibers (2008)

We present extensive stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) results from experiments and modeling for four different photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with core diameters ranging from 8 to 1.7 μm. These results reveal several SBS characteristic features of small-core PCFs, high thresholds, and acoustic peaks, which are due to their antiguiding nature and highly multimode acoustic character. The nature of what we believe to be new acoustic modes is examined in the light of the large variations observed in the Brillouin gain, Brillouin threshold, and Brillouin shift with decreasing core diameter and optical wavelength.
The OX-40 receptor provides a potent co-stimulatory signal capable of inducing encephalitogenicity in myelin-specific CD4+ T cells (1998)

The OX-40 receptor, a member of the nerve growth factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor gene family, is expressed preferentially on autoreactive CD4+ T cells isolated from the site of inflammation in rats with clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To examine whether the OX-40 receptor has biologic relevance to T cell function, we evaluated the ability of a rat OX-40 receptor-specific antibody to co-stimulate a myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive CD4+ T cell line. The anti-OX-40 antibody provided a potent co-stimulatory signal to CD4+ T cells when added in conjunction with a submitogenic dose of anti-CD3, but the anti-OX-40 antibody alone did not produce a mitogenic response. The magnitude and dose-response of anti-OX-40 co-stimulation was virtually identical to the signal delivered to T cells when cultured with anti-CD28 in conjunction with anti-CD3. MBP-specific T cells stimulated with both anti-CD3 and anti-OX-40 antibodies expressed increased mRNA and protein for IL-2 when compared to anti-CD3 alone. MBP-specific T cells stimulated with both anti-CD3 and anti-OX-40 antibodies were also able to induce EAE when transferred into naive Lewis rats. In contrast, cells stimulated with anti-CD3 alone were not encephalitogenic. These data suggest that the function of the OX-40 receptor on activated T cells is to provide an alternative pathway for T cell co-stimulation that may be similar in potency to the CD28-mediated signal.
Narrow Polydispersity Polystyrene by a Free-Radical Polymerization Process-Rate Enhancement (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNarrow Polydispersity Polystyrene by a Free-Radical Polymerization Process-Rate EnhancementMichael K. Georges, Richard P. N. Veregin, Peter M. Kazmaier, Gordon K. Hamer, and Marko SabanCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 24, 7228–7229Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00102a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00102a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1628Altmetric-Citations199LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts