gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Death by stress: Antibody induced apoptosis (2005)

Stress kills and hence should be avoided. On the other hand, stress induction can be used to remove malignant cells by inducing cellular suicide. Natural IgM antibodies act as first-line defense in immune surveillance. These antibodies selectively kill aberrant cells by using different apoptotic stress mechanisms. They can be isolated from patients but also from healthy donors by using the human hybridoma technology. They are components of the innate immunity, and, on the basis of specific screening methods, should also be detectable in any other individual. The three tumor-specific, apoptosis-inducing natural IgM antibodies described in this review are good examples for stress-induced apoptosis and nature's resourceful ways to fight malignant growth.
Stereospecific olefin-forming elimination reactions of .beta.-hydroxyalkylsilanes (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific olefin-forming elimination reactions of .beta.-hydroxyalkylsilanesPaul F. Hudrlik and David PetersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 6, 1464–1468Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00839a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00839a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1869Altmetric-Citations257LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) indicates poor prognosis in human gallbladder carcinoma (2013)

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a lethal neoplasm, and new prognostic markers are required. Deregulation of E3 ligases contributes to cancer development and is associated with poor prognosis. Carboxyl terminus of heat shock protein 70-interacting protein (CHIP) is a U-box-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, the role of which has not been evaluated in GBC. Therefore, the present study investigated CHIP expression in GBC and its prognostic significance. In the present study, CHIP expression was measured in 78 tumor specimens of GBC by immunohistochemistry and the correlation between CHIP expression and clinicopathological factors was analyzed. Of the tumor specimens, 26.9% showed high staining intensity [the CHIP high expression group (HEG)]. The CHIP-HEG was not associated with other common clinicopathological parameters, including T stage, and lymph node and distant metastases. CHIP-HEG patients had a significantly worse prognosis than patients with low CHIP expression with median cancer-specific survival times of 8.0 months (range, 1-34 months) and 13.0 months (range, 1-110 months), respectively (P=0.023). Multivariate analyses showed that CHIP expression was close to being an independent risk factor for predicting patient survival. CHIP expression may be associated with a poor prognosis in GBC. Since CHIP is not associated with other clinicopathological prognostic factors, it may serve as an ideal molecular marker for predicting patient outcomes.
Tumor-associated Carbonic Anhydrase 9 Spatially Coordinates Intracellular pH in Three-dimensional Multicellular Growths (2008)

CA9 is a membrane-tethered, carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme, expressed mainly at the external surface of cells, that catalyzes reversible CO(2) hydration. Expression is greatly enhanced in many tumors, particularly in aggressive carcinomas. The functional role of CA9 in tumors is not well established. Here we show that CA9, when expressed heterologously in cultured spheroids (0.5-mm diameter, ~25,000 cells) of RT112 cells (derived from bladder carcinoma), induces a near-uniform intracellular pH (pH(i)) throughout the structure. Dynamic pH(i) changes during displacements of superfusate CO(2) concentration are also spatially coincident (within 2 s). In contrast, spheroids of wild-type RT112 cells lacking CA9 exhibit an acidic core (~0.25 pH(i) reduction) and significant time delays (~9 s) for pH(i) changes in core versus peripheral regions. pH(i) non-uniformity also occurs in CA9-expressing spheroids after selective pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme. In isolated RT112 cells, pH(i) regulation is unaffected by CA9 expression. The influence of CA9 on pH(i) is thus only evident in multicellular tissue. Diffusion-reaction modeling indicates that CA9 coordinates pH(i) spatially by facilitating CO(2) diffusion in the unstirred extracellular space of the spheroid. We suggest that pH(i) coordination may favor survival and growth of a tumor. By disrupting spatial pH(i) control, inhibition of CA9 activity may offer a novel strategy for the clinical treatment of CA9-associated tumors.
Increased Islet Viability by Addition of Beraprost Sodium to Collagenase Solution (2001)

The digestion of pancreatic tissue with collagenase is an essential part of the islet isolation procedure. However, the process exposes islets to various types of harmful factors, including collagenase contaminants, enzymes released from the acinar cells, warm ischemia, and mechanical agitation. Nitrogen oxide production and cytokine release may also contribute to islet cell damage. Protection of islets from such damage would improve the islet yield, survival, and function. Beraprost sodium (BPS) is a prostaglandin I2 analogue, is stable in aqueous solution, and has a cytoprotective effect on various types of cells. BPS has been shown to improve the yield and function of cryopreserved and/or cultured islets. These findings prompted us to examine its cytoprotective effect on islets during the islet isolation process. Canine islets were isolated by means of a two-step digestion method and purified on Euro-Ficoll density gradient solutions (the procedure used for human islets). BPS at a concentration of 100 nM was added to the collagenase solution. After purification, the islet yield was 434,561 +/- 35.691 islet number expressed as 150 microm equivalent size (IEQ)/pancreas or 8,799 +/- 345 IEQ/g of pancreas in the BPS group and 349,987 +/- 52,887 IEQ/pancreas or 7,998 +/-1610 IEQ/g of pancreas in the control group (n = 8, each). The percent viability was 88.5 +/- 0.7% in the BPS group and 82.0 +/-0.9% in the control group (P < 0.01). Therefore, the recovery of viable islets (calculated by islet number x % viability) was 384,586 +/- 46,804 IEQ/pancreas (7,743 IEQ/g) in the BPS group and 286,989 +/- 43,367 IEQ/pancreas (6,558 IEQ/g) in the control group (P < 0.02). After culture, significantly higher numbers of islets were also recovered in the BPS group than in the control group. The islet insulin content was significantly higher in the BPS group than controls (237.8 +/- 38.5 versus 92.3 +/- 25.6 microU/IEQ; P < 0.02), although islets of both groups responded with high stimulation indices (>6). These results indicate that the addition of BPS to the collagenase solution increases the recovery of viable islets, and improves beta cell function.
Reference levels for patient Radiation Dose in interventional radiological procedures (2012)

중재적 방사선 시술 시 환자의 피폭선량을 시술별로 분류하여 측정 및 평가하여 안전관리 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 검사는 시술별(TACE, EVAR, Iliac stent, Lower Limb, BAE, Embolization, PTBD, PTGBD, Abscess, Nephrostomy)로 투시시간, 면적선량, 영상획득이미지 수를 측정하였다. 시술별 분석결과 비혈관계 검사에서 전반적으로 낮은 값을 보였으며, 혈관계 검사에서는 IVC filter를 제외한 모든 검사에서 높은 값을 나타냈다. 투시시간은 EVAR가 24m30s로 가장 높았고, 면적선량 또한 EVAR가 236 <TEX>$Gy/cm^2$</TEX>로 가장 높았다. 면적선량률은 TACE가 22.8 <TEX>$Gy/cm^2$</TEX>로 높게 나타났다. 이 결과를 토대로 중재적 방사선시술시 환자피폭선량에 대한 기준선량을 제시하고자 한다. The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate radiation dose on patients in interventional radiological(IVR) procedures classified by each procedure, and aid as data for safety management. Fluroscopy time(F-time), dose area product(DAP) and number of acquired images from each kind of procedure was checked. Non-vascular procedures showed low value, and vascular procedure showed high value in all procedures except in IVC filter. F-time was longest in EVAR, which showed also the highest DAP value of all procedures. DAP-rate showed high value in TACE. By this result, we attempt to establish standard guideline of radiation dose on patients in IVR procedure.
Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Design, Synthesis, and Applications (2014)

The intrinsic property of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to deliver therapeutic molecules (nucleic acids, drugs, imaging agents) to cells and tissues in a nontoxic manner has indicated that they may be potential components of future drugs and disease diagnostic agents. These versatile peptides are simple to synthesize, functionalize, and characterize yet are able to deliver covalently or noncovalently conjugated bioactive cargos (from small chemical drugs to large plasmid DNA) inside cells, primarily via endocytosis, in order to obtain high levels of gene expression, gene silencing, or tumor targeting. Typically, CPPs are often passive and nonselective yet must be functionalized or chemically modified to create effective delivery vectors that succeed in targeting specific cells or tissues. Furthermore, the design of clinically effective systemic delivery systems requires the same amount of attention to detail in both design of the delivered cargo and the cell-penetrating peptide used to deliver it.
Comparison of three methods for generating group statistical inferences from independent component analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data (2004)

Subject-wise concatenation should be used when computationally feasible. For studies involving a large number of subjects, across-subject averaging provides an acceptable alternative and reduces the computational load.
Fuel Metabolism in Starvation (2006)

This article, which is partly biographical and partly scientific, summarizes a life in academic medicine. It relates my progress from benchside to bedside and then to academic and research administration, and concludes with the teaching of human biology to college undergraduates. My experience as an intern (anno 1953) treating a youngster in diabetic ketoacidosis underscored our ignorance of the controls in human fuel metabolism. Circulating free fatty acids were then unknown, insulin could not be measured in biologic fluids, and beta-hydroxybutyric acid, which was difficult to measure, was considered by many a metabolic poison. The central role of insulin and the metabolism of free fatty acids, glycerol, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate, combined with indirect calorimetry, needed characterization in a near-steady state, namely prolonged starvation. This is the main topic of this chapter. Due to its use by brain, D-beta-hydroxybutyric acid not only has permitted man to survive prolonged starvation, but also may have therapeutic potential owing to its greater efficiency in providing cellular energy in ischemic states such as stroke, myocardial insufficiency, neonatal stress, genetic mitochondrial problems, and physical fatigue.
An xrcc4 defect or Wortmannin stimulates homologous recombination specifically induced by double-strand breaks in mammalian cells (2002)

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) are two alternative/competitor pathways for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). To gain further insights into the regulation of DSB repair, we detail here the different HR pathways affected by (i) the inactivation of DNA-PK activity, by treatment with Wortmannin, and (ii) a mutation in the xrcc4 gene, involved in a late NHEJ step, using the XR-1 cell line. Here we have analyzed not only the impact of NHEJ inactivation on recombination induced by a single DSB targeted to the recombination substrate (using I-SceI endonuclease) but also on gamma-ray- and UV-C-induced and spontaneous recombination and finally on Rad51 foci formation, i.e. on the assembly of the homologous recombination complex, at the molecular level. The results presented here show that in contrast to embryonic stem cells, the xrcc4 mutation strongly stimulates I-SceI-induced HR in adult hamster cells. More precisely, we show here that both single strand annealing and gene conversion are stimulated. In contrast, Wortmannin does not affect I-SceI-induced HR. In addition, gamma-ray-induced recombination is stimulated by both xrcc4 mutation and Wortmannin treatment in an epistatic-like manner. In contrast, neither spontaneous nor UV-C-induced recombination was affected by xrcc4 mutation, showing that the channeling from NHEJ to HR is specific to DSBs. Finally, we show here that xrcc4 mutation or Wortmannin treatment results in a stimulation of Rad51 foci assembly, thus that a late NHEJ step is able to affect Rad51 recombination complex assembly. The present data suggest a model according to which NHEJ and HR do not simply compete for DSB repair but can act sequentially: a defect in a late NHEJ step is not a dead end and can make DSB available for subsequent Rad51 recombination complex assembly.
Sulfation of a High Endothelial Venule–Expressed Ligand for L-Selectin (1999)

During lymphocyte homing, L-selectin mediates the tethering and rolling of lymphocytes on high endothelial venules (HEVs) in secondary lymphoid organs. The L-selectin ligands on HEV are a set of mucin-like glycoproteins, for which glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (GlyCAM-1) is a candidate. Optimal binding in equilibrium measurements requires sulfation, sialylation, and fucosylation of ligands. Analysis of GlyCAM-1 has revealed two sulfation modifications (galactose [Gal]-6-sulfate and N-acetylglucosamine [GlcNAc]-6-sulfate) of sialyl Lewis x. Recently, three related sulfotransferases (keratan sulfate galactose-6-sulfotransferase [KSGal6ST], high endothelial cell N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfotransferase [GlcNAc6ST], and human GlcNAc6ST) were cloned, which can generate Gal-6-sulfate and GlcNAc-6-sulfate in GlyCAM-1. Imparting these modifications to GlyCAM-1, together with appropriate fucosylation, yields enhanced rolling ligands for both peripheral blood lymphocytes and Jurkat cells in flow chamber assays as compared with those generated with exogenous fucosyltransferase. Either sulfation modification results in an increased number of tethered and rolling lymphocytes, a reduction in overall rolling velocity associated with more frequent pausing of the cells, and an enhanced resistance of rolling cells to detachment by shear. All of these effects are predicted to promote the overall efficiency of lymphocyte homing. In contrast, the rolling interactions of E-selectin transfectants with the same ligands are not affected by sulfation.
Wavelength-selective 1×4 switch for 128 WDM channels at 50 GHz spacing (2003)

We present a reconfigurable wavelength-selective switch that independently distributes 128 input WDM channels to four output ports. The switch is based on bulk optics and MEMS micro-mirrors, exhibits <5 dB insertion loss and flat-top pass-bands, and is well suited for transparent switching of 10 Gb/s signals.
The Core of the Tetrameric Mycobacterial Porin MspA Is an Extremely Stable β-Sheet Domain (2003)

MspA is the major porin of Mycobacterium smegmatis mediating the exchange of hydrophilic solutes across the cell wall and is the prototype of a new family of tetrameric porins with a single central pore of 10 nm in length. Infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that MspA consists mainly of antiparallel beta-strands organized in a coherent domain. Heating to 92 and 112 degrees C was required to dissociate the MspA tetramer and to unfold the beta-sheet domain in the monomer, respectively. The stability of the MspA tetramer exceeded the remarkable stability of the porins of Gram-negative bacteria for every condition tested and was not reduced in the presence of 2% SDS and at any pH from 2 to 14. These results indicated that the interactions between the MspA subunits are different from those in the porins of Gram-negative bacteria and are discussed in the light of a channel-forming beta-barrel as a core structure of MspA. Surprisingly, the channel activity of MspA in 2% SDS and 7.6 m urea at 50 degrees C was reduced 13- and 30-fold, respectively, although the MspA tetramer and the beta-sheet domain were stable under those conditions. Channel closure by conformational changes of extracellular loops under those conditions is discussed to explain these observations. This study presents the first experimental evidence that outer membrane proteins not only from Gram-negative bacteria but also from mycobacteria are beta-sheet proteins and demonstrates that MspA constitutes the most stable transmembrane channel protein known so far. Thus, MspA may be of special interest for biotechnological applications.
Key management in an encrypting file system (1994)

As distributed computing systems grow in size, complexity and variety of application, the problem of protecting sensitive data from unauthorized disclosure and tampering becomes increasingly important. Cryptographic techniques can play an important role in protecting communication links and file data, since access to data can be limited to those who hold the proper key.Inthe case of file data, however,the routine use of encryption facilities often places the organizational requirements of information security in opposition to those of information management. Since strong encryption implies that only the holders of the cryptographic key have access to the cleartext data, an organization may be denied the use of its own critical business records if the key used to encrypt these records becomes unavailable (e.g., through the accidental death of the key holder). This paper describes a system, based on cryptographic &amp;quot;smartcards,&amp;quot; for the temporary &amp;quot;escrow&amp;quot; of file encryption keys for critic...
Role of Iron in Microbe-Host Interactions (1983)

The ability of microorganisms that would like to live in or on mammalian hosts to acquire iron is a critical determinant of the host-parasite interaction. Despite the abundance of iron, its availability to microbes is restricted by the iron-binding and transport systems of the host. The successful commensal or pathogen therefore must express effective systems to compete for its iron. The acquisition of iron is thus essential, although not sufficient, for virulence. This review examines host and microbial iron-acquisition and transport mechanisms in an attempt to stimulate the reader's interest in potential "soft spots" that may be exploited prophylactically and therapeutically.
On degeneracy of linear reconstruction from three views: linear line complex and applications (1999)

This paper investigates the linear degeneracies of projective structure estimation from line features across three views. We show that the rank of the linear system of equations for recovering the trilinear tensor of three views reduces to 23 (instead of 26) when the scene is a linear line complex [LLC] (a set of lines in space intersecting at a common line). The LLC situation is only linearly degenerate, and one can obtain a unique solution when the admissibility constraints of the tensor are accounted for. The line configuration described by an LLC, rather than being some obscure case, is in fact quite typical. It includes, as a particular example, the case of a camera moving down a hallway in an office environment or down an urban street. Furthermore, an LLC situation may occur as an artifact such as in direct estimation from spatio-temporal derivatives of image brightness. Therefore, an investigation into degeneracies and their remedy is important also in practice.
Quantum coherence in a mesoscopic Josephson junction with dissipation (2001)

A mesoscopic Josephson junction in a superconducting ring enclosing a magnetostatic flux with dissipation is considered. The dissipation in this system is described as a consequence of its coupling to a reservoir. By solving the master equation it is shown that the state of the junction can evolve into a quantum superposition of two coherent states even when the dissipation is present. It is also shown that squeezing effects can exist in such a system, and the dynamic behavior of the supercurrent shows collapse and revival phenomena. The quantum decoherence is also discussed.
Characteristics of 1,3-Bis-(2-ethoxycarbonylchromon-5-yloxy)-2-((S)-lysyloxy)propane Dihydrochloride (N-556), a Prodrug for the Oral Delivery of Disodium Cromoglycate, in Absorption and Excretion in Rats and Rabbits. (1992)

The absorption and excretion of 1,3-bis-(2-ethoxycarbonylchromon-5-yloxy)-2- ((S)-lysyloxy)propane dihydrochloride (N-556), which is a prodrug for the oral delivery of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), were studied in rats and rabbits. In both animal species, the plasma concentration of DSCG after oral administration of N-556 peaked within 1.0 h, and thereafter declined with a half-life of about 1.2 h in rats and rabbits. The area under the plasma DSCG level versus time curve (AUC) increased in proportion to the dose of N-556 in both animals. The bioavailability of N-556 as calculated from AUC was about 6% in rats and 40% in rabbits, whereas that of DSCG was only 0.1% in rats and 2.5% in rabbits. About 2% and 15% of the dose were respectively excreted as DSCG in the urine and bile after the oral administration of N-556 in rats. The ratio of biliary excretion to urinary excretion (B/U) after the oral administration of N-556 was about twice that after the intravenous injection of DSCG. In rabbits, the urinary and biliary excretions of DSCG after oral administration of N-556 were about 25% and 5%, respectively. The B/U ratio after the oral administration of N-556 in rabbits was similar to that after intravenous administration of DSCG. The difference in the systemic bioavailability of N-556 between rats and rabbits thus appears to be due to a first-pass effect, in addition to a difference in the absorption rate.
Edge tracking using tactile servo (2002)

A novel method to perform edge tracking using tactile sensors is presented in this paper. Using the tactile servo scheme, a robot manipulator is driven only by real-time tactile feedback from the array tactile sensors mounted directly on the robot end-effector. Compared with previous approaches, the control scheme presented in this paper is consistent and more efficient. Real-time edge tracking experiments are conducted using an experimental system consisting of a PUMA 260, a single rigid finger and a planar array tactile sensor. Experimental results show satisfactory control speed and accuracy for both straight and curved edge tracking. An example of active tactile sensing of a unknown object using edge tracking is also demonstrated.