gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mg−Al Mixed Oxides as Highly Active Acid−Base Catalysts for Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide to Epoxides (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMg−Al Mixed Oxides as Highly Active Acid−Base Catalysts for Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide to EpoxidesKazuya Yamaguchi, Kohki Ebitani, Tomoko Yoshida, Hisao Yoshida, and Kiyotomi KanedaView Author Information Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University,1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531, Japan Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8603, Japan Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 18, 4526–4527Publication Date (Web):April 24, 1999Publication History Received22 January 1999Published online24 April 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9902165https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9902165rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6040Altmetric-Citations638LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Ethers,Inorganic carbon compounds,Magnesium oxide,Oxides Get e-Alerts
Lessons from developing audio HTML interface (1998)

In this paper, we discuss the choice of specific sounds to use in an audio HTML interface, based on our previous research into developing principles for sound choice, called the AHA framework. AHA can be used along with the consideration of issues related to the target audience such as user tasks, goals, and interests to choose specific sounds for an interface. We describe two scenarios of potential users and interfaces that would seem to be appropriate for them.
Safety and Efficacy of ABT-874, a Fully Human Interleukin 12/23 Monoclonal Antibody, in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis (2008)

ABT-874, an interleukin 12/23 monoclonal antibody, was highly effective and well tolerated in the treatment of psoriasis. Longer-term studies are required to confirm these findings.
Isolation and Characterization of Aminopeptidase-Deficient Lactobacillus bulgaricus Mutants (1989)

Lactobacillus bulgaricus CNRZ 397 is able to hydrolyze many amino-acyl- and dipeptidyl-beta-naphthylamides. Analysis of heat inactivation kinetics, protease inhibitor effects, and the subcellular location of aminopeptidase (AP) activities from the parental strain and mutant derivatives dificient in alanyl- or leucyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolysis pointed out the existence of four APs. All mutants isolated were totally deficient in AP II, a cell wall metallo-enzyme with a broad substrate specificity but that is specifically responsible for lysyl-AP activity and is characterized by a molecular mass of 95,000 daltons. AP I and AP III are cytoplasmic enzymes that exhibit arginyl-AP activity; both enzymes are inducible during growth in rich peptide MRS medium (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.). The existence of a fourth AP (AP IV) that is involved in leucyl-AP activity was suggested. Moreover, we showed that X-prolyl-dipeptidyl-AP activity, which was not catalyzed by an AP, involved an enzyme(s) that is controlled by a regulatory mechanism that is common to that of AP II.
Biological activities of analogues of lipid A based chemically on the revised structural model (1984)

Lipid A analogues were chemically synthesized based on the model structure recently revised, and biological activities of the analogues were tested. The analogue, (beta-1,6)-linked glucosamine disaccharide carrying ester-bound 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids at 3 and 3' position of reducing and nonreducing glucosamine in addition to amide-bound 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acids and glycosidic-linked and ester-linked phosphate groups, showed much stronger activities for mediator inducing and immunomodulating as well as endotoxic activities than those exhibited by the previously synthesized analogues based on the old model. Among the activities tested, induction of interferon and tumor necrosis factor as well as mitogenicity, adjuvanticity and pyrogenicity were, however, not expressed so strongly as natural lipid A used as controls. In contrast, the analogue exhibited comparable activities to those of control lipid A in the test of lethal toxicity to mice and gelating activity of Limulus amebocyte lysate. Other synthetic analogues carrying a phosphate group showed comparable, slightly stronger or weaker activities depending on the test, but nonphosphorylated analogue exhibited no apparent or only very weak activities.
The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system – a technical review (2002)

Anisotropic water diffusion in neural fibres such as nerve, white matter in spinal cord, or white matter in brain forms the basis for the utilization of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to track fibre pathways. The fact that water diffusion is sensitive to the underlying tissue microstructure provides a unique method of assessing the orientation and integrity of these neural fibres, which may be useful in assessing a number of neurological disorders. The purpose of this review is to characterize the relationship of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of water diffusion and its anisotropy (i.e. directional dependence) with the underlying microstructure of neural fibres. The emphasis of the review will be on model neurological systems both in vitro and in vivo. A systematic discussion of the possible sources of anisotropy and their evaluation will be presented followed by an overview of various studies of restricted diffusion and compartmentation as they relate to anisotropy. Pertinent pathological models, developmental studies and theoretical analyses provide further insight into the basis of anisotropic diffusion and its potential utility in the nervous system.
Gender comparisons of the mechanomyographic responses to maximal concentric and eccentric isokinetic muscle actions (1998)

The gender difference in CON MMG responses may be attributed to the greater percent decline in CON PT across velocity for the females than the males. In addition, the males displayed greater CON and ECC MMG amplitudes at all muscle action velocities than the females, possibly because of gender differences in muscle mass and/or thickness of the adipose tissue layer.
Antitumor efficacy of FK228, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, depends on the effect on expression of angiogenesis factors (2003)

(i) FK228 showed a suppressive effect on the expression of angiogenesis factors, such as VEGF and bFGF, in PC-3 xenograft but not in ACHN xenograft, which suggests that the effect on the expression of angiogenesis factors is important for the antitumor efficacy of FK228; (ii) FK228 caused histone acetylation of the VEGF promoter regions, which may contribute to the suppression of VEGF gene expression.
Acerca del carácter tecnológico de la nueva Didáctica de las Ciencias (2006)

Este trabajo parte de una revision historica de la relacion existente entre las ciencias experimentales y las tecnologia, sobre todo las denominadas duras. Ademas, se hace una propuesta de estructura epistemologica para esas tecnologias, fundamento para explicitar una aproximacion al caracter tecnologico de la nueva didactica de las ciencias. En el caso de las tecnologias, las categorias centrales de la estructura epistemologica, son las de sistema, modelo, diseno y prototipo. Por analogia, las categorias que permiten distinguir el caracter anotado de la nueva didactica, son las de sistema educativo, modelo didactico, diseno didactico, proyecto piloto y normas didacticas.
Trends and opportunities in the metabolic syndrome (2006)

Abstract Metabolic Syndrome consists of a multifactoral set of indications and, unfortunately, definitions. There is, at present, no consensus definition for Metabolic Syndrome and physicians who recognize the syndrome use different definitions. Some of the major stakeholder associations do not believe that Metabolic Syndrome is an approvable indication and no regulatory agency has weighed in on the matter. This has been the cause of confusion among many physicians resulting in different emphasis on intervention. However, there is close agreement between physicians surveyed in major markets as to the top three indications. The largest unmet medical need among these indications is obesity and obesity represents the largest opportunity. However, any single NCE or combination of existing drugs that can treat 3 indications will be a major advance. Any therapy will be an intervention and will have to have a very clean safety profile. Morbidity and mortality studies with existing therapies and combinations will be needed to establish outcomes. Drug Dev. Res. 67:539–544, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Propranolol Treatment of Chronically Hospitalized Aggressive Patients (1999)

Violent behavior in psychiatric patients may result in long-term hospitalization. There is no FDA-approved psychopharmacologic treatment for aggression. In this study, 20 chronically aggressive hospitalized patients were administered 1 week of placebo followed by an open trial of increasing doses of propranolol. Patients who had an equivocal or definite clinical response were entered into an open add-on double-blind discontinuation study phase. Aggressive behavior was objectively documented throughout the study. After the open phase of the study, 7 patients had a greater than 50% decrease in aggressive behavior. Four patients entered the double-blind discontinuation phase. The clinical course of 3 of those patients was consistent with the positive response to propranolol. The results of this study are consistent with a therapeutic effect of propranolol in some patients with aggressive behavior. Further studies are indicated.
Vascular engineering using human embryonic stem cells (2009)

Engineering vascularized tissue constructs remains a major problem in regenerative medicine. The formation of such a microvasculature--like the vasculogenesis in early embryogenesis that it closely resembles--is guided by biochemical and biophysical cues, such as growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, hypoxia, and hydrodynamic shear. As they undergo spontaneous and directed vascular differentiation, human embryonic stem cells can be used as a model system to explore central issues in engineering vascularized tissue constructs and, potentially, to elucidate vasculogenic and angiogenic mechanisms involved in such vascular diseases as limb and cardiac ischemia. Because the conventional spontaneous differentiation approach can only isolate small quantities of vascular cells, recent efforts have sought to develop controlled approaches, including the development of three-dimensional scaffolds to reengineer the microenvironments of early embryogenesis. This review focuses on emerging approaches to deriving and directing vasculatures from human embryonic stem cells and efforts to engineer 3D vasculatures from such derivatives.
Dual‐feeding microstrip antenna with high isolation (2002)

Abstract In this Letter, a dual‐feeding structure with microstrip and an H‐shaped aperture feeding for a microstrip antenna is proposed to achieve high isolation with high gain, easy feeding, and few layers. The measured isolations of the proposed single and 1 × 4‐array antenna along the E plane of the aperture feeding are less than −49 and −48 dB, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 45–47, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10511
Structural dynamics of calmodulin and troponin C (1991)

We present the results of computational simulation studies of the structures of calmodulin (CAM) and troponin C (TNC). Possible differences between the structures of these molecules in the crystal and in solution were suggested by results from some recent experimental studies, which implied that their conformations in solution may be more compacted than the characteristic dumbbell shape observed in the crystal. The molecular dynamics simulations were carried out with the CHARMM system of programs, and the environment was modeled with a distance-dependent dielectric permittivity and discrete water molecules surrounding the proteins at starting positions identified in the crystals of CAM and TNC. Methods of macromolecular structure analysis, including linear distance plots, distance matrices and a matrix representation of hydrogen bonding, were used to analyze the nature, the extent and the source of structural differences between the computed structures of the molecules and their conformations in the crystal. Following the longest simulation, in which intradomain structure was conserved, the crystallographically observed dumbbell structure of the molecule changed due to a kinking or bending in the region of the central tether helix connecting the two Ca(2+)-binding domains which moved into close proximity. The resulting structure correlates with experimental observations of complexes between CAM and peptides such as melittin and mastoparan. Analysis of the corresponding pair distance distribution functions in comparison to experimental results suggests the dynamic existence of a non-negligible fraction of the compacted structure in aqueous solutions of CAM. In this more nearly globular shape, CAM reveals to the environment two interior pockets that contain a number of hydrophobic residues, in agreement with NMR data suggesting involvement of such residues in the binding of inhibitors and proteins to CAM.
Sulindac Sulfide Is a Noncompetitive γ-Secretase Inhibitor That Preferentially Reduces Aβ42 Generation (2003)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been known to reduce risk for Alzheimer's disease. In addition to the anti-inflammatory effects of NSAIDs to block cylooxygenase, it has been shown recently that a subset of NSAIDs selectively inhibits the secretion of highly amyloidogenic Abeta42 from cultured cells, although the molecular target(s) of NSAIDs in reducing the activity of gamma-secretase for Abeta42 generation (gamma(42)-secretase) still remain unknown. Here we show that sulindac sulfide (SSide) directly acts on gamma-secretase and preferentially inhibits the gamma(42)-secretase activity derived from the 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate-solubilized membrane fractions of HeLa cells, in an in vitro gamma-secretase assay using recombinant amyloid beta precursor protein C100 as a substrate. SSide also inhibits activities for the generation of Abeta40 as well as for Notch intracellular domain at higher concentrations. Notably, SSide displayed linear noncompetitive inhibition profiles for gamma(42)-secretase in vitro. Our data suggest that SSide is a direct inhibitor of gamma-secretase that preferentially affects the gamma(42)-secretase activity.
Recombination following superinfection by HIV-1 (2004)

Intersubtype recombination took place between the original non-recombinant subtype A strain and the superinfecting subtype C strain in an untreated, chronically infected woman. This finding helps to explain the rising prevalence of recombinant HIV-1 worldwide. Recombination resulting from superinfection with diverse strains may pose problems for eliciting broad immune responses necessary for an effective vaccine.
Role of NKG2D signaling in the cytotoxicity of activated and expanded CD8+ T cells (2003)

Activating and expanding T cells using T-cell receptor (TCR) cross-linking antibodies and interleukin 2 (IL-2) results in potent cytotoxic effector cells capable of recognizing a broad range of malignant cell targets, including autologous leukemic cells. The mechanism of target cell recognition has previously been unknown. Recent studies show that ligation of NKG2D on natural killer (NK) cells directly induces cytotoxicity, whereas on T cells it costimulates TCR signaling. Here we demonstrate that NKG2D expression is up-regulated upon activation and expansion of human CD8+ T cells. Antibody blocking, redirected cytolysis, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) studies using purified CD8+ T cells demonstrate that cytotoxicity against malignant target cells occurs through NKG2D-mediated recognition and signaling and not through the TCR. Activated and expanded CD8+ T cells develop cytotoxicity after 10 to 14 days of culture, coincident with the expression of the adapter protein DAP10. T cells activated and expanded in low (30 U/mL) and high (300 U/mL) concentrations of IL-2 both up-regulated NKG2D expression equally, but only cells cultured in high-dose IL-2 expressed DAP10 and were cytotoxic. Collectively these results establish that NKG2D triggering accounts for the majority of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted cytotoxicity of activated and expanded CD8+ T cells, likely through DAP10-mediated signaling.
The Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States, 1999 through 2002 (2006)

Many Americans are infected with HCV. Most were born between 1945 and 1964 and can be identified with current screening criteria. History of injection drug use is the strongest risk factor for infection.
A compact low noise operational amplifier for a 1.2 μm digital CMOS technology (1995)

A compact low noise operational amplifier using lateral p-n-p bipolar transistors in the input stage has been fabricated in a standard 1.2 /spl mu/m digital n-well CMOS process. Like their n-p-n counterparts in p-well processes, these lateral p-n-p transistors exhibit low 1/f noise and good lateral /spl beta/. The fabricated op amp has an area of only 0.211 mm/sup 2/ with E/sub n/=3.2 nV//spl radic/(Hz), I/sub n/=0.73 pA//spl radic/(Hz), E/sub n/ and I/sub n/ 1/f noise corner frequencies less than 100 Hz, a -3 dB bandwidth greater than 10 MHz with a closed loop gain of 20.8 dB, a minimum PSRR (DC) of 68 dB, a CMRR (DC) of 100 dB, a minimum output slew rate of 39 V//spl mu/s, and a quiescent current of 2.1 mA at supply voltages of /spl plusmn/2.5 V. The operational amplifier drives a 1 k/spl Omega/ resistive load to 1 V peak-to-peak at 10 MHz and has been used as a versatile building block for mixed-signal IC designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supercapacitor electrodes from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (2000)

Electrochemical characteristics of supercapacitors built from multiwalled carbon nanotubes electrodes have been investigated and correlated with microtexture and elemental composition of the materials. Capacitance has been estimated by cyclovoltammetry at different scan rates from 1 to 10 mV/s, galvanostatic discharge, and impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 1 mHz. The presence of mesopores due to the central canal and/or entanglement is at the origin of an easy accessibility of the ions to the electrode/electrolyte interface for charging the electrical double layer. Pure electrostatic attraction of ions as well as quick pseudofaradaic reactions have been detected upon varying surface functionality. The values of specific capacitance varied from 4 to 135 F/g, depending on the type of nanotubes or/and their posttreatments. Even with moderate specific surface area (below 470 m2/g), due to their accessible mesopores, multiwalled carbon nanotubes represent attractive materials for supercapacitors as compared to the best activated carbons.
Further Analysis of Block Ciphers against Timing Attacks (2006)

预定攻击由时间测量打破一个秘密成员系统恢复钥匙。最可得到的反措施基于模块的安全保护块零。这篇论文给预定攻击的一个完全的定义；学习操作的危险；模块 on timing 攻击。我们在场由减小把算法的安全转移到安全操作的一个方法。作为结果，我们有块零的真实世界的实现的现代 croptography。
Cloning of Wound-Induced Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Expressed in Pea (1996)

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) mediate a wide range of oxidative reactions involved in the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites including phenylpropanoids and phytoalexins. To investigate the regulation of these P450s in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway of pea (Pisum sativum), partial cDNAs representing four distinct P450s expressed in pea seedlings were cloned using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction strategy. One of the corresponding full-length cDNA clones, designated CYP73A9, encodes pea trans-cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the second core reaction in the phenylpropanoid pathway. As expected from its central role in the production of lignin precursors and defense compounds, northern analysis of poly(A)+ mRNA demonstrates that transcripts encoding CYP73A9 are induced appreciably within 3 h after wounding. A second cDNA clone, designated CYP82, encodes a novel P450, whose transcripts are also induced in response to wounding at approximately the same time as CYP73A9 transcripts. Despite the multitude of environmental stimuli known to induce expression of phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes, genomic DNA Southern analysis indicates that each of these P450s is encoded by a low copy number (possibly a single copy) gene family.
Fully Automated Continuous Flow Synthesis of 4,5-Disubstituted Oxazoles (2006)

[Structure: see text] A multipurpose mesofluidic flow reactor capable of producing gram quantities of material has been developed as an automated synthesis platform for the rapid on-demand synthesis of key building blocks and small exploratory libraries. The reactor is configured to provide the maximum flexibility for screening of reaction parameters that incorporate on-chip mixing and columns of solid supported reagents to expedite the chemical syntheses.