gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS/RSD) and Neuropathic Pain: Role of Intravenous Bisphosphonates as Analgesics (2008)

Neuropathic pain is a sequela of dysfunction, injuries, or diseases of the peripheral and/or central nervous system pain pathways, which has historically been extremely difficult to treat. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) types 1 and 2 are neuropathic pain conditions that have a long history in the medical literature but whose pathophysiology remains elusive and whose available treatment options remain few. While an exact animal model for CRPS doesn't yet exist, there are several animal models of neuropathic pain that develop behaviors of hypersensitivity, one of the hallmark signs of neuropathic pain in humans. Bisphosphonates have been used for pathologic conditions associated with abnormal bone metabolism, such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease and cancer-related bone pain for many years. More recently, results of clinical trials have indicated the potential role of bisphosphonates in the treatment of CRPS/RSD. In this paper we will review the preclinical studies regarding the use of bisphosphonates as analgesics in animal models of neuropathic pain, and also summarize the clinical trials that have been done to date. We will give an overview of bisphosphonate pharmacology and discuss several potential mechanisms by which bisphosphonates may be analgesic in CRPS/RSD and bone pain of noncancer origin.
A dileucine motif targets MCAM‐l cell adhesion molecule to the basolateral membrane in MDCK cells (2006)

Melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), an adhesion molecule belonging to the Ig superfamily, is an endothelial marker and is expressed in different epithelia. MCAM is expressed as two isoforms differing by their cytoplasmic domain: MCAM-l and MCAM-s (long and short). In order to identify the respective role of each MCAM isoform, we analyzed MCAM isoform targeting in polarized epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells using MCAM-GFP chimeras. Confocal microscopy revealed that MCAM-s and MCAM-l were addressed to the apical and basolateral membranes, respectively. Transfection of MCAM-l mutants established that a single dileucine motif (41-42) of the cytoplasmic domain was required for MCAM-l basolateral targeting in MDCK cells. Although double labelling experiments showed that MCAM-l is not a component of adherens junctions and focal adhesions, its expression on basolateral membranes suggests that MCAM-l is involved in epithelium insuring.
Estratégias educativas e discursivas e construção social do saber (1993)

Inexistente
Comparative MRI analysis of T2 changes associated with single and repeated bouts of downhill running leading to eccentric-induced muscle damage (2008)

Although the exact mechanisms are still unclear, it is commonly acknowledged that acute eccentric exercise alters muscle performance, whereas the repetition of successive bouts leads to the disappearance of the deleterious signs. To clarify this issue, we measured blood creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and proton transverse relaxation time (T2) in various leg muscles 72 h after single and repeated bouts of exhausting downhill running sessions (-15 degrees , 1.5 km/h) with either 4 or 7 days elapsed between bouts. After a single exercise bout, T2 and enzyme activities initially increased and recovered rapidly. When exercise bouts were repeated over a short time period (4 days), initial changes did not recover and endurance time throughout additional exercise sessions was significantly reduced. On the contrary, with a longer resting time between exercises (7 days), the endurance time of additional running sessions was significantly longer and muscle changes (T2 increase, muscle edema, and enzyme activity changes) slowly and completely reversed. Significant correlations were found between T2 changes and enzyme activities. T2 changes in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscle heads were differently affected by lengthening contractions, suggesting a muscle specificity and indicating that muscle alterations might be linked to different anatomical properties, such as fiber pennation angles, typology, and/or the exhausting nature of the downhill running sessions. We documented a "less muscle injury" effect due to the repetition of exercise bouts at a low frequency (i.e., 1 session per week) in accordance with the delayed muscle inflammation. This effect was not observed when the between-exercise resting time was shorter.
Model Predictive Control of hybrid fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor power sources (2012)

The use of fuel cell as future energy for vehicle application is very promising due to its environmentally friendly, efficient, and flexible properties. When applied to the vehicle, one drawback of fuel cells is that it is unable to supply sudden load changes since the dynamics of fuel cells is slow. However, this could be compensated by adding energy storage systems (batteries and/or supercapacitor). To supply the load, fuel cell and energy storage system will be controlled by a DC-DC converter. The constancy of DC output voltage (DC bus) in hybrid vehicle is very important even with large and rapid load changes. In addition, the increase in electrical current in fuel cells and batteries must be limited to extend their lifetime. In this study a control system was designed and implemented to regulate fuel cell as a primary energy source as well as batteries and supercapacitor as energy storage systems in order to obtain a constant DC output voltage and to limit current slope of fuel cell and batteries. There were three DC-DC converters deployed to regulate the output voltage of the three energy sources namely the boost converter, used to adjust the voltage/current output of the fuel cell, and two bidirectional converters, used to adjust the voltage/current output of energy storage systems (batteries and supercapacitor). To determine the reference current of each converter Model Predictive Control (MPC) was employed, and hysteresis control was functioned to track the reference current. MPC and hysteresis control were implemented on a dSPACE DS1104 Controller Board. For the experiment, small energy sources were operated, which were 50 W 10 A fuel cell, 6 V 4.5 Ah battery, and 7.5 V 120 F supercapacitor. Simulation and experiment results showed that the MPC can be designed to limit the current slope in fuel cells and batteries and to keep the bus voltage within the reference value.
Regulation of apoptosis in transgenic mice by simian virus 40 T antigen-mediated inactivation of p53. (1994)

Several proteins encoded by DNA tumor viruses are thought to disrupt cellular growth control by interacting with key cellular proteins, such as p53 and pRB, that normally function to regulate cell growth. However, the biological consequences of intracellular complexing between the viral oncoproteins and cellular proteins have remained unclear. Such complexes could either facilitate functional inactivation of the cellular proteins, leading to a loss-of-function phenotype, or could activate new functions, leading to a gain-of-function phenotype. Here we demonstrate that the simian virus 40 large tumor (T) antigen produces a loss-of-p53-function phenotype when introduced into the thymocytes of transgenic mice. Like thymocytes from the recently characterized p53-null mice, thymocytes from transgenic mice expressing a T-antigen variant capable of binding to p53 are resistant to irradiation-induced apoptosis. Thymocytes from transgenic mice expressing a mutant T antigen that is unable to complex p53, but retains the ability to complex the pRB and p107 proteins, retain sensitivity to irradiation. We further demonstrate that although irradiation-induced apoptosis is impaired by T antigen, clonal deletion of autoreactive thymocytes via p53-independent apoptosis is not perturbed by T antigen. These results provide convincing evidence that T antigen inactivates p53 in thymocytes in vivo and suggest a mechanism by which T antigen predisposes thymocytes to tumorigenesis in T antigen-transgenic mice.
Insertion of Membrane Proteins into Discoidal Membranes Using a Cell-Free Protein Expression Approach (2008)

We report a cell-free approach for expressing and inserting integral membrane proteins into water-soluble particles composed of discoidal apolipoprotein-lipid bilayers. Proteins are inserted into the particles, circumventing the need of extracting and reconstituting the product into membrane vesicles. Moreover, the planar nature of the membrane support makes the protein freely accessible from both sides of the lipid bilayer. Complexes are successfully purified by means of the apoplipoprotein component or by the carrier protein. The method significantly enhances the solubility of a variety of membrane proteins with different functional roles and topologies. Analytical assays for a subset of model membrane proteins indicate that proteins are correctly folded and active. The approach provides a platform amenable to high-throughput structural and functional characterization of a variety of traditionally intractable drug targets.
Size-, shape-, and position-controlled GaAs nano-whiskers (2001)

We have developed a technique for the synthesis of size-selected, GaAs, epitaxial nano-whiskers, grown on a crystalline substrate. As catalysts, we used size-selected gold aerosol particles, which enabled us to fully vary the surface coverage independently of the whisker diameter. The whiskers were rod shaped, with a uniform diameter between 10 and 50 nm, correlated to the size of the catalytic seed. Furthermore, by the use of nano-manipulation of the aerosol particles by means of atomic force microscopy, we can nucleate individual nano-whiskers in a controlled manner at specific positions on a substrate with accuracy on the nm level.
Clinical and Histopathologic Features and Immunologic Variables in Patients with Severe Chilblains (2001)

We investigated 33 patients affected with chilblain lesions following a persisting course of more than 1 month. We focused on the incidence of an underlying connective tissue disease, mostly lupus erythematosus (LE), and we analyzed features of idiopathic chilblains compared with those of chilblain lesions associated with connective tissue disease. We also carried out a prospective follow-up of patients. Eleven patients included in the study were free of any clinical and/or laboratory abnormality suggestive of connective tissue disease, while 22 of 33 patients showed 1 or several abnormalities raising suspicion for connective tissue disease, and among them 8 had a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) established at initial evaluation based on the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria. The comparative analysis of patients with idiopathic chilblains and patients with chilblains associated with LE showed that female sex and persistence of lesions beyond cold seasons were significantly associated with chilblain LE. Histopathologic studies of chilblain lesions did not reveal features typical of LE in any case, but revealed a higher incidence of a deep perisudoral infiltrate in idiopathic chilblains. In patients showing signs of connective tissue disease, positive cutaneous immunofluorescence was correlated with the presence of circulating antinuclear antibodies. Two patients had an ascertained diagnosis of SLE with severe manifestations during prospective follow-up, requiring treatment with oral steroids in both cases. Chilblains following a chronic course may reveal connective tissue disease, and patients affected with chilblains associated with autoimmune abnormalities may develop severe SLE. Accordingly, long-term follow-up of these patients is warranted.
Positive selection of primate TRIM5 α identifies a critical species-specific retroviral restriction domain (2005)

Primate genomes encode a variety of innate immune strategies to defend themselves against retroviruses. One of these, TRIM5alpha, can restrict diverse retroviruses in a species-specific manner. Thus, whereas rhesus TRIM5alpha can strongly restrict HIV-1, human TRIM5alpha only has weak HIV-1 restriction. The biology of TRIM5alpha restriction suggests that it is locked in an antagonistic conflict with the proteins encoding the viral capsid. Such antagonistic interactions frequently result in rapid amino acid replacements at the protein-protein interface, as each genetic entity vies for evolutionary dominance. By analyzing its evolutionary history, we find strong evidence for ancient positive selection in the primate TRIM5alpha gene. This selection is strikingly variable with some of the strongest selection occurring in the human lineage. This history suggests that TRIM5alpha evolution has been driven by antagonistic interactions with a wide variety of viruses and endogenous retroviruses that predate the origin of primate lentiviruses. A 13-aa "patch" in the SPRY protein domain bears a dense concentration of positively selected residues, potentially implicating it as an antiviral interface. By using functional studies of chimeric TRIM5alpha genes, we show that this patch is generally essential for retroviral restriction and is responsible for most of the species-specific antiretroviral restriction activity. Our study highlights the power of evolutionary analyses, in which positive selection identifies not only the age of genetic conflict but also the interaction interface where this conflict plays out.
Method of speech recognition (1994)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Taisuke Watanabe, Tatsuya Kimura; Method of speech recognition. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 July 1994; 96 (1): 620. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.410427 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Children's Rights in the South African Constitution (2017)

Children were in many respects defenceless victims of discriminatory practices in ‘apartheid South Africa’. In fact, discrimination on the basis of gender, race and other inequalities were inscribed in the social fabric of the previous constitutional dispensation. The constitutional dispensation that came into effect on the 27th April 1994 was therefore designed to innovate social, political and legal structures that would be radically different from those of the country’s past history.&#x0D; In this contribution the impact of the Constitution upon the rights of children are considered. In order to fathom the impact. a general overview of constitutional principles and provisions necessary for the comprehension of the rights of children is provided. Thereafter the rights of children expressly mentioned in the Constitution will be addressed. Attention is also paid to the equal protection and nondiscrimination provisions of the Constitution, albeit only indirectly.&#x0D;
Development of New P-Chiral Phosphorodiamidite Ligands Having a Pyrrolo[1,2-c]diazaphosphol-1-one Unit and Their Application to Regio- and Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Etherification (2006)

Ten types of new P-chiral phosphorodiamidite ligands having pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3,2]diazaphosphol-1-one backbone were designed and prepared. They were preliminarily utilized for iridium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic etherification of cinnamyl carbonate with phenol, where both R- and S-products were obtained with good enantioselectivity (up to 74% ee) by changing the N- and P-substituents of the ligands. The opposite enantioselectivity in iridium-catalyzed allylic substitution was explained by DFT calculations of the energy difference of the pi-allyliridium-phosphorodiamidite intermediates.
Direct selection for a catalytic mechanism from combinatorial antibody libraries. (1994)

Semisynthetic combinatorial antibody library methodology in the phage-display format was used to select for a cysteine residue in complementarity-determining regions. Libraries were panned with an alpha-phenethyl pyridyl disulfide that undergoes disulfide interchange. Out of 10 randomly picked clones, two contained an unpaired cysteine, one of which was studied. The antibody catalyzed the hydrolysis of the corresponding thioester where the electrophilic carbonyl occupies the three-dimensional space that was defined by the reactive sulfur atom during selection. The reaction operates by covalent catalysis. Although the steady-state rate enhancement relative to the activated thiol ester substrate is modest, hydrolysis of the acylated cysteine intermediate is remarkably efficient with a catalytic advantage of about four orders of magnitude. The results suggest that iterative mechanism-based selection procedures can recapitulate the enzymatic mechanisms refined through evolution.
Nanoliter Reactors Improve Multiple Displacement Amplification of Genomes from Single Cells (2007)

Since only a small fraction of environmental bacteria are amenable to laboratory culture, there is great interest in genomic sequencing directly from single cells. Sufficient DNA for sequencing can be obtained from one cell by the Multiple Displacement Amplification (MDA) method, thereby eliminating the need to develop culture methods. Here we used a microfluidic device to isolate individual Escherichia coli and amplify genomic DNA by MDA in 60-nl reactions. Our results confirm a report that reduced MDA reaction volume lowers nonspecific synthesis that can result from contaminant DNA templates and unfavourable interaction between primers. The quality of the genome amplification was assessed by qPCR and compared favourably to single-cell amplifications performed in standard 50-microl volumes. Amplification bias was greatly reduced in nanoliter volumes, thereby providing a more even representation of all sequences. Single-cell amplicons from both microliter and nanoliter volumes provided high-quality sequence data by high-throughput pyrosequencing, thereby demonstrating a straightforward route to sequencing genomes from single cells.
The 'T-cell-ness' of NK cells: unexpected similarities between NK cells and T cells (2011)

NK cells are considered as prototypical innate immune cells. However, recent discoveries have tended to refine the dogmatic concepts of innate and adaptive immunity. In many ways, NK cells are highly related to T cells and represent the closest innate immune cell lineage to adaptive immune cell populations. Here, we review the relationships between NK cells and T cells and discuss the recently described cell-intrinsic-adaptive features of NK cells.
Antibacterial and antimalarial properties of peptides that are cecropin‐melittin hybrids (1989)

Solid phase synthesis was used to produce 5 hybrid peptides containing sequences from the antibacterial peptide, cecropin A, and from the bee venom toxin, melittin. Four of these chimeric peptides showed good antibacterial activity against representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species. The best hybrid, cecropin A(1-13)-melittin(1-13) was 100-fold more active than cecropin A against Staphylococcus aureus. It was also a 10-fold better antimalarial agent than cecropin B or magainin 2. Sheep red cells were lysed by melittin at low concentrations, but not by the hybrid molecules, even at 50 times higher concentrations.
Preferential Expression of Very Late Antigen-4 on Type 1 CTL Cells Plays a Critical Role in Trafficking into Central Nervous System Tumors (2007)

We have previously shown preferential tumor-homing and therapeutic efficacy of adoptively transferred type 1 CTL (Tc1) when compared with type 2 CTL (Tc2) in mice bearing intracranial ovalbumin-transfected melanoma (M05). Further characterizing the expression of a panel of homing receptors on Tc1 and Tc2 cells, we found that very late antigen (VLA)-4 (a heterodimer of CD49d and CD29), but none of other receptors evaluated, was expressed at significantly higher levels on Tc1 cells than on Tc2 cells. Although CD49d (alpha(4) integrin) can form heterodimers with both beta(1) (CD29) and beta(7) integrins, alpha(4)beta(7) complexes were not expressed by either Tc1 or Tc2 cells, suggesting that CD49d is solely expressed in VLA-4 complexes. VLA-4 expression on Tc2 cells was down-regulated in an interleukin (IL)-4 dose-dependent manner but not by other type 2 cytokines, such as IL-10 and IL-13, suggesting that IL-4 uniquely down-regulates VLA-4 expression on these cells. In accordance with the differential expression of VLA-4 on Tc1 versus Tc2 cells, Tc1 cells alone were competent to adhere to plate-bound VCAM-1-Ig fusion protein. Finally, the efficient trafficking of Tc1 cells into intracranial M05 lesions in vivo was efficiently blocked by administration of monoclonal antibodies against CD49d or VCAM-1 or small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of CD49d on Tc1 cells. Collectively, these data support the critical role of VLA-4 in the effective intracranial tumor homing of adoptive-transferred, antigen-specific Tc1 cells and suggest that more effective vaccine and/or ex vivo T-cell activation regimens may be developed by promoting the generation of VLA-4(+) antitumor Tc1 cells.
Separation of Scattering and Absorption Contributions in UV/Visible Spectra of Resonant Systems (2001)

Resonance light scattering (RLS) is a phenomenon due to an enhancement of the scattered light in close proximity to an absorption band. The effect is easily detectable in the case of strongly absorbing chromophores, which are able to interact, thus leading to large aggregates (Pasternack, R. F.; Collings, P. J. Science 1995, 269, 935). The measurement of absorption spectra from solutions containing such resonant systems can lead to misleading results. In this paper, a simple method is described to obtain absorption spectra of aggregated species with a fairly good correction of the scattering component. The RLS spectrum, obtained using a common spectrofluorimeter, is correlated to the extinction spectrum of the same sample, allowing for an estimation of the scattering contribution to the total extinction spectrum. The method has been successfully applied both on real samples containing aggregated chromophores, such as porphyrins, chlorophyll a and gold colloids, and by simulating extinction spectra.
Fast and effective prediction of microRNA/target duplexes (2004)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of target genes by binding to the target mRNAs. Although a large number of animal miRNAs has been defined, only a few targets are known. In contrast to plant miRNAs, which usually bind nearly perfectly to their targets, animal miRNAs bind less tightly, with a few nucleotides being unbound, thus producing more complex secondary structures of miRNA/target duplexes. Here, we present a program, RNA-hybrid, that predicts multiple potential binding sites of miRNAs in large target RNAs. In general, the program finds the energetically most favorable hybridization sites of a small RNA in a large RNA. Intramolecular hybridizations, that is, base pairings between target nucleotides or between miRNA nucleotides are not allowed. For large targets, the time complexity of the algorithm is linear in the target length, allowing many long targets to be searched in a short time. Statistical significance of predicted targets is assessed with an extreme value statistics of length normalized minimum free energies, a Poisson approximation of multiple binding sites, and the calculation of effective numbers of orthologous targets in comparative studies of multiple organisms. We applied our method to the prediction of Drosophila miRNA targets in 3'UTRs and coding sequence. RNAhybrid, with its accompanying programs RNAcalibrate and RNAeffective, is available for download and as a Web tool on the Bielefeld Bioinformatics Server (http://bibiserv.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/rnahybrid/).