gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second generation antitumour human RNase: significance of its structural and functional features for the mechanism of antitumour action (2001)

A second generation mutant of dimeric human pancreas RNase (HHP2-RNase), was obtained by a single residue mutation (Glu111 → Gly) of the previously described dimeric human pancreas RNase variant (HHP-RNase). HHP2-RNase was found to be a highly specific antitumour agent, with an enhanced cytotoxic activity compared with HHP-RNase. The structural and functional requisites of the antitumour action of HHP2-RNase were investigated and compared with those of other dimeric antitumour RNases. The stability of the dimeric structure, i.e. the resistance of human dimeric RNase variants to reductive cleavage of the two intersubunit disulphide bonds that bridge the subunits, was determined to be an essential feature of antitumour dimeric RNases. The stability of the dimeric structure is in turn responsible for the resistance to inhibition by the cytosolic RNase inhibitor (cRI). Both the stability of the dimeric structure and the resistance to cRI inhibition appeared to be highly enhanced by an RNase substrate. This suggests a possible role for RNA in the amplification of the antitumour potential of dimeric RNases.
Phosphorylation of factor Va and factor VIIIa by activated platelets (1993)

Platelet activation leads to the incorporation of 32[PO4(2-)] into bovine coagulation factor Va and recombinant human factor VIII. In the presence of the soluble fraction from thrombin-activated platelets and (gamma-32P) adenosine triphosphate, radioactivity is incorporated exclusively into the M(r) = 94,000 heavy chain (H94) of factor Va and into the M(r) = 210,000 to 90,000 heavy chains as well into the M(r) = 80,000 light chain of factor VIII. Proteolysis of the purified phosphorylated M(r) = 94,000 factor Va heavy chain by activated protein C (APC) gave products of M(r) = 70,000, 24,000, and 20,000. Only the intermediate M(r) = 24,000 fragment contained radioactivity. Because the difference between the M(r) = 24,000 and M(r) = 20,000 fragments is located on the COOH-terminal end of the bovine heavy chain, phosphorylation of H94 must occur within the M(r) = 4,000 peptide derived from the carboxyl-terminal end of H94 (residues 663 through 713). Exposure of the radioactive factor VIII molecule to thrombin ultimately resulted in a nonradioactive light chain and an M(r) = 24,000 radioactive fragment that corresponds to the carboxyl-terminal segment of the A1 domain of factor VIII. Based on the known sequence of human factor VIII, phosphorylation of factor VIII by the platelet kinase probably occurs within the acidic regions 337 through 372 and 1649 through 1689 of the procofactor. These acidic regions are highly homologous to sequences known to be phosphorylated by casein kinase II. Results obtained using purified casein kinase II gave a maximum observed stoichiometry of 0.6 mol of 32[PO4(2-)]/mol of factor Va heavy chain and 0.35 mol of 32[PO4(2-)]/mol of factor VIII. Phosphoamino acid analysis of phosphorylated factor Va by casein kinase II or by the platelet kinase showed only the presence of phosphoserine while phosphoamino acid analysis of phosphorylated factor VIII by casein kinase II showed the presence of phosphothreonine as well as small amounts of phosphoserine. The platelet kinase responsible for the phosphorylation of the two cofactors was found to be inhibited by several synthetic protein kinase inhibitors. Finally, partially phosphorylated factor Va was found to be more sensitive to APC inactivation than its native counterpart. Our findings suggest that phosphorylation of factors Va and VIIIa by a platelet casein kinase II-like kinase may downregulate the activity of the two cofactors.
The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association workgroup (2011)

The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association charged a workgroup with the task of revising the 1984 criteria for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. The workgroup sought to ensure that the revised criteria would be flexible enough to be used by both general healthcare providers without access to neuropsychological testing, advanced imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid measures, and specialized investigators involved in research or in clinical trial studies who would have these tools available. We present criteria for all-cause dementia and for AD dementia. We retained the general framework of probable AD dementia from the 1984 criteria. On the basis of the past 27 years of experience, we made several changes in the clinical criteria for the diagnosis. We also retained the term possible AD dementia, but redefined it in a manner more focused than before. Biomarker evidence was also integrated into the diagnostic formulations for probable and possible AD
Direct effect of increased hemodynamic load on cardiac mass. (1991)

The hearts of rats were transplanted into the abdomens of recipients of the same inbred strain by attaching the stumps of aorta and pulmonary artery end to side to the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava, respectively, of the recipient. The transplant functions as a denervated "nonworking" Langendorff heart; the recipient in situ heart serves as a normal control. One week after surgery, an onset of atrophy is observed in the transplanted heart, which stabilizes after 2 weeks; the in situ heart grows normally. Using this model, we increased the load of the left ventricle (LV) in the transplant by inserting a permanent polyethylene cannula into its aortic orifice during surgery to induce valvular incompetence and/or stenosis (TPE group). This resulted in significantly increased LV systolic pressure (115 +/- 5 versus 95 +/- 3 mm Hg) and a significantly increased rate-pressure product (34.7 +/- 1.7 versus 24.4 +/- 1.4 mm Hg.min-1 x 10(3) as compared with rats with control transplants (TC group). The LV mass in the TPE group decreased to only 85 +/- 4.8% of the mass of the corresponding in situ recipient heart as compared with 59 +/- 2.6% in the TC group (p less than 0.001). In three cases in the TPE group with highest overload, we observed about 20% larger LV mass in transplanted hearts as compared with the corresponding recipient in situ hearts. These results indicate that the increased load significantly attenuated the atrophy observed in LV of the isotransplants. This attenuation could be correlated with the increment of load as indicated by higher peak LV pressures and higher rate-pressure products.
Preadmission statin use and one-year mortality among patients in intensive care - A cohort study (2010)

Preadmission statin use was associated with reduced risk of death following intensive care. The associations seen could be a pharmacological effect of statins, but unmeasured differences in characteristics of statin users and non-users cannot be entirely ruled out.
Long-Term Results of Catheter Ablation in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (2010)

In patients with paroxysmal AF and normal left ventricular function, circumferential PV isolation results in stable sinus rhythm in the majority of patients, and low incidence of chronic AF was observed after ablation during up to 5 years of follow-up.
Severe Cerebral Ischemia Treatment by Ventriculosubarachnoid Perfusion with an Oxygenated Fluorocarbon Emulsion (1983)

Global hemispheric ischemia was produced in cats by bilateral carotid ligation and bleeding to a mean arterial pressure of 30 +/- 2 (SE) mm Hg. Total electrocerebral silence, as determined by computer-based power analysis, was obtained and maintained for 15 minutes. After this severe cerebral ischemic episode, the heparinized blood was reinfused and the carotid clamps were removed. After the cerebral ischemia, the ventriculosubarachnoid space was perfused with an oxygenated fluorocarbon nutrient solution (OFNS) or modified Elliott's B solution (ES) (control perfusion). The OFNS perfusate contained 400 to 640 mm Hg pO2 (produced by means of a bubble oxygenator pump system) as well as electrolytes, glucose, and amino acids, all of which are known to be important in cerebral metabolism. Flow rates of the perfusion were maintained at either 3 or 6 ml/minute and intracranial pressures were never permitted to exceed 10 mm Hg. During passage through the ventriculosubarachnoid space, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and electrolytes were exchanged between the brain and the OFNS perfusate. In addition, the OFNS perfusate was capable of picking up pCO2, lactate, and pyruvate. This produced a significant return of electrocerebral activity (P less than 0.01) and oxidative metabolism (P less than 0.01), as evidenced by a decline in the lactate/pyruvate ratio in the OFNS-treated cats, but not in nonperfused animals or those perfused with ES. In this study the ventriculosubarachnoid system served as an alternate vascular tree and enabled the perfusate to accomplish many of the functions of blood. Substantial penetration of the perfusate products into the brain occurred, enabling oxidative metabolism, removal of waste products, and electrocerebral activity to be reestablished.
Energy harvesting in silicon Raman amplifiers (2006)

Continuous-wave Raman amplification in silicon waveguides with negative electrical power dissipation is reported. It is shown that a p-n junction can simultaneously achieve carrier sweep-out leading to net continuous-wave gain and electrical power generation. The approach is also applicable to silicon Raman lasers and other third-order nonlinear optical devices.
Effect of Cell Size and Shape on Single-Cell Electroporation (2007)

Single-cell electroporation was performed using electrolyte-filled capillaries on fluorescently labeled A549 cells. Cells were exposed to brief pulses (50-300 ms) at various cell-capillary tip distances. Cell viability and electroporation success were measured. In order to understand the variability in single-cell electroporation, logistic regression was used to determine whether the probabilities of cell survival and electroporation depend on experimental conditions and cell properties. Both experimental conditions and cell properties (size and shape) have a significant effect on the outcome. Finite element simulations were used to compare bulk electroporation to single-cell electroporation in terms of cell size and shape. Cells are more readily permeabilized and are more likely to survive if they are large and hemispherical as opposed to small and ellipsoidal with a high aspect ratio. The dependence of the maximum transmembrane potential across the cell membrane on cell size is much weaker than it is for bulk electroporation. Observed survival probabilities are related to the calculated fraction of the cell's surface area that is electroporated. Observed success of electroporation is related to the maximum transmembrane potential achieved.
Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to ciliated airway epithelia requires prolonged incubation time (1996)

The efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to airway epithelia will be an important factor in determining whether recombinant adenoviruses can be developed as vectors for transferring cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA to patients with cystic fibrosis. Current understanding of the biology of CF lung disease suggests that vectors should express transgene in mature, ciliated airway epithelia. We evaluated the efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to primary cultures of normal and CF human airway epithelia. Our studies showed that the airway cells developed from an undifferentiated epithelium with markers characteristic of basal cells and a surface covered by short microvilli 3 days after seeding to a mature epithelium whose apical surface was covered with cilia by 10 to 14 days. The ability of adenovirus vectors to express a reporter gene and to correct defective cyclic AMP-stimulated Cl- transport in CF epithelia was correlated inversely with the state of differentiation. However, the inefficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer could be partially corrected when the contact time between vector and epithelium was prolonged. After prolonged contact, we observed complete correction of the CF Cl- transport defect in differentiated CF airway epithelia in culture and of the Cl- transport defect in the nasal epithelia of mice homozygous for the deltaF508 mutation. The fact that gene transfer to airway epithelia required prolonged incubation with vector contrasts with the rapid infection observed in cell models such as 293 and HeLa cells, which are commonly used to study adenovirus infection. Gene transfer observed after prolonged incubation may result from mechanisms different from those that mediate infection of 293 cells. These observations suggest that interventions that either increase the contact time or alter the epithelium or the vector may be required to facilitate gene transfer to ciliated respiratory epithelia.
Differential Response to Antidepressants in Women With Premenstrual Syndrome/Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (1999)

The comparison of 2 classes of antidepressants strongly favored the serotonergic drug, which effectively reduced symptoms and improved functioning and was well tolerated by women with severe premenstrual syndrome. A history of depression did not alter the treatment results.
Chemically Derived Graphene Oxide: Towards Large‐Area Thin‐Film Electronics and Optoelectronics (2010)

Chemically derived graphene oxide (GO) possesses a unique set of properties arising from oxygen functional groups that are introduced during chemical exfoliation of graphite. Large-area thin-film deposition of GO, enabled by its solubility in a variety of solvents, offers a route towards GO-based thin-film electronics and optoelectronics. The electrical and optical properties of GO are strongly dependent on its chemical and atomic structure and are tunable over a wide range via chemical engineering. In this Review, the fundamental structure and properties of GO-based thin films are discussed in relation to their potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics.
Single longitudinal mode operation of Er-doped 1.5-μm InGaAsP lasers (1987)

We attribute the single longitudinal mode operation of some Er-doped 1.5-μm InGaAsP lasers, observed here, to inhomogeneities in the active layer resulting from the Er. These results do not rule out the possibility of gain narrowing by the Er when Er is properly incorporated in the active layer.
Position based fluids (2013)

In fluid simulation, enforcing incompressibility is crucial for realism; it is also computationally expensive. Recent work has improved efficiency, but still requires time-steps that are impractical for real-time applications. In this work we present an iterative density solver integrated into the Position Based Dynamics framework (PBD). By formulating and solving a set of positional constraints that enforce constant density, our method allows similar incompressibility and convergence to modern smoothed particle hydro-dynamic (SPH) solvers, but inherits the stability of the geometric, position based dynamics method, allowing large time steps suitable for real-time applications. We incorporate an artificial pressure term that improves particle distribution, creates surface tension, and lowers the neighborhood requirements of traditional SPH. Finally, we address the issue of energy loss by applying vorticity confinement as a velocity post process.
Effects of Decision Aids for Menorrhagia on Treatment Choices, Health Outcomes, and Costs (2002)

Neither intervention had an effect on health status. Providing women with information alone did not affect treatment choices; however, the addition of an interview to clarify values and elicit preferences had a significant effect on women's management and resulted in reduced costs.
Deletion of the steroid 21-hydroxylase and complement C4 genes in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (1986)

DNA was analysed from 20 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to cytochrome P-450 steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Using probes recognising sequences in both the 21-hydroxylase gene and the adjacent fourth component of complement (C4), one patient was found to have a homozygous deletion of DNA which encompassed the C4B and 21-hydroxylase B genes. Evidence is presented for this deletion arising by recombination between homologous regions of 21-hydroxylase A and B. Seven patients appeared to be heterozygous for the same deletion, but no detectable alteration in the 21-hydroxylase gene could be demonstrated in others.
Interferon‐γ confers resistance to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (1996)

In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), T cells infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) and induce inflammation. These CD4+ T cells secrete interferon (IFN)-gamma, levels of which correlate with disease severity, and which is proposed to play a key role in disease induction. Many strains of mice are resistant to EAE. We have studied the effect of deletion of IFN-gamma on the ability to induce EAE in resistant BALB/c-backcrossed mice. As expected, only 0-6% of BALB/c or BALB/c-backcrossed mice developed EAE when immunized with myelin basic protein in adjuvant. Strikingly, abrogation of IFN-gamma expression by targeted disruption of the IFN-gamma gene (GKO mice) converted them to a susceptible phenotype. As many as 71% of these IFN-gamma-deficient mice developed EAE, a frequency comparable to that seen with the susceptible SJL/J strain. In addition, EAE was of unusually high severity in mice lacking IFN-gamma. Immunological characteristics of disease in IFN-gamma-deficient mice were comparable to those seen in susceptible (SJL/J) mice with EAE, including perivascular infiltration in the CNS and order-of-magnitude increases for both CD3 gamma chain and TNF-alpha mRNA levels in the spinal cord. We thus demonstrate that lack of IFN-gamma converts an otherwise EAE-resistant mouse strain to become susceptible to disease. Therefore, in BALB/c mice, IFN-gamma confers resistance to EAE.
Systemic biosynthesis of prostacyclin by cyclooxygenase (COX)-2: The human pharmacology of a selective inhibitor of COX-2 (1999)

Prostaglandins (PG) are synthesized by two isoforms of the enzyme PG G/H synthase [cyclooxygenase (COX)]. To examine selectivity of tolerated doses of an inhibitor of the inducible COX-2 in humans, we examined the effects of celecoxib on indices of COX-1-dependent platelet thromboxane (Tx) A2 and on systemic biosynthesis of prostacyclin in vivo. Volunteers received doses of 100, 400, or 800 mg of celecoxib or 800 mg of a nonselective inhibitor, ibuprofen. Ibuprofen, but not celecoxib, significantly inhibited TxA2-dependent aggregation, induced ex vivo by arachidonic acid (83 +/- 11% vs. 11. 9 +/- 2.2%; P < 0.005) and by collagen. Neither agent altered aggregation induced by thromboxane mimetic, U46619. Ibuprofen reduced serum TxB2 (-95 +/- 2% vs. -6.9 +/- 4.2%; P < 0.001) and urinary excretion of the major Tx metabolite, 11-dehydro TxB2 (-70 +/- 9.9% vs. -20.3 +/- 5.3%; P < 0.05) when compared with placebo. Despite a failure to suppress TxA2-dependant platelet aggregation, celecoxib had a modest but significant inhibitory effect on serum TxB2 4 hr after dosing. By contrast, both ibuprofen and celecoxib suppressed a biochemical index of COX-2 activity (endotoxin induced PGE2 in whole blood ex vivo) to a comparable degree (-93.3 +/- 2% vs. -83 +/- 6.1%). There was no significant difference between the doses of celecoxib on COX-2 inhibition. Celecoxib and ibuprofen suppressed urinary excretion of the prostacyclin metabolite 2,3 dinor 6-keto PGF1alpha. These data suggest that (i) platelet COX-1-dependent aggregation is not inhibited by up to 800 mg of celecoxib; (ii) comparable COX-2 inhibition is attained by celecoxib (100-800 mg) and ibuprofen (800 mg) after acute dosing; and (iii) COX-2 is a major source of systemic prostacyclin biosynthesis in healthy humans.
Sequential Flavopiridol, Cytosine Arabinoside, and Mitoxantrone: A Phase II Trial in Adults with Poor-Risk Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (2007)

Flavopiridol has anti-AML activity directly and in combination with ara-C and mitoxantrone. This timed sequential regimen induces durable CRs in a significant proportion of adults with newly diagnosed secondary AML (including complex cytogenetics) and adults with AML in first relapse after short first CR.
Methodological implications of simultaneous solid-phase peptide synthesis. 1. Comparison of different coupling procedures (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethodological implications of simultaneous solid-phase peptide synthesis. 1. Comparison of different coupling proceduresDerek HudsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 3, 617–624Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00238a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00238a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2515Altmetric-Citations210LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Teletext Data Decoding-The LSI Approach (1976)

Teletext is the generic name of the system of transmitting written material through conventional television transmitting equipment, and receiving, decoding, and displaying it on a domestic television receiver.
The Use of Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) for Genetic Mapping (1998)

To locate (map) genes a populatton segregating for such genes is required. In many cases, a specrfic population 1s constructed to map a particular trait or locus, e.g., identified as a mutant. However, in other sttuattons the gene(s) to be mapped do not show a specific phenotype and only polymorphtsms at the DNA level can be studied. This is the case when cloned sequences have to be mapped. The mapping of a specific DNA polymorphism is more effictent when one can use populations that have already been scored for many markers. Classical mapping populations are backcross and F2 populations in which mdivldual plants must be analyzed. When the amount of DNA required per marker is high (for example in tradmonal restrictton fragment length polymorphism [RFLP] analysis) the small size of Arubzdopsis plants limits the number of markers that can be tested m these types of populations Thts problem has been partially solved by analyzing the pooled progeny of mdivrdually selfed plants and, on the other hand, by developmg new strategies m marker technology (such as Arabidopsis RFLP mapping set [ARMS] or polymerse chain reaction [PCR]- based markers amplified fragment length polymorphtsm [-AFLPs] and codominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence [CAPSs-]; see Chapters 19 , 21 , and 22 ) with a much lower requirement of DNA per marker. Nevertheless, due to heterozygoslty, the mapping population is lost when one runs out of DNA and seeds.
Circulating nucleosomes and cytokeratin 19-fragments in patients with colorectal cancer during chemotherapy. (2005)

The kinetics of circulating nucleosomes in patients with colorectal cancer show characteristic differences between adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy as well as concerning the response to palliative chemotherapy.