gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypothermia Should Also Have Been Considered to Be a Predictor of Adverse Perioperative Cardiac Events (2009)

Osborn et al. imply. The LMA-S should not be confused with the LMA-P. It is not a single-use LMA-P because substantial details are designed and constructed in a different way to overcome weaknesses of other LMAs, as the producers of the LMA-S promote their device. The LMA-S's clinical performance can only be evaluated in clinical trials. First published comparisons with a reasonable sample size between the LMA-P and LMA-S 5 showed clinically important differences in the seal pressure between both devices.
Zc3h12c inhibits vascular inflammation by repressing NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells (2013)

Endothelial activation characterized by the expression of multiple chemokines and adhesive molecules is a critical initial step of vascular inflammation, which results in recruitment of leucocytes into the sub-endothelial layer of the vascular wall and triggers vascular inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Although inhibiting endothelial inflammation has already been well recognized as a therapeutic strategy in vascular inflammatory diseases, the therapeutic targets are still elusive. In the present study we found that Zc3h12c (zinc finger CCCH-type-containing 12C), a recently discovered CCCH zinc finger-containing protein, significantly inhibited the endothelial cell inflammatory response in vitro. Overexpression of Zc3h12c significantly attenuated TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α)-induced expression of chemokines and adhesive molecules, and thus reduced monocyte adherence to HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). Conversely, siRNA (small interfering RNA)-mediated knockdown of Zc3h12c increased the TNFα-induced expression of chemokines and adhesive molecules in HUVECs. Furthermore, forced expression of Zc3h12c decreased TNFα-induced IKKα/β [IκB (inhibitor of nuclear factor κB) kinase α/β], IκBα phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation, suggesting that Zc3h12c exerted its anti-inflammatory function probably by suppressing the NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) pathway. Thus Zc3h12c is an endogenous inhibitor of TNFα-induced inflammatory signalling in HUVECs and might be a therapeutic target in vascular inflammatory diseases.
Combination of Adoptive Cell Transfer and Antibody Injection Can Eradicate Established Tumors in Mice–Anin vivostudy using anti-OX40mAb, anti-CD25mAb and anti-CTLA4mAb– (2009)

Boosting an effective immune response against established tumors remains a difficult challenge. This study shows the combination of 1) adoptive cell transfer using CD25 depleted splenocytes co-cultured with irradiated tumor cells, and 2) antibody injection therapy using CTLA4 blockade, the elimination of Treg and OX40, which together could eradicate an established MethA tumor in over 50% of the BALB/c mice. Each element of the protocol was shown to be necessary, as elimination of any factor except anti-CD25 antibody injection failed to eradicate the tumor.
B cells in autoimmunity (2009)

B-cell development is tightly regulated, including the induction of B-cell memory and antibody-secreting plasmablasts and plasma cells. In the last decade, we have expanded our understanding of effector functions of B cells as well as their roles in human autoimmune diseases. The current review addresses the role of certain stages of B-cell development as well as plasmablasts/plasma cells in immune regulation under normal and autoimmune conditions with particular emphasis on systemic lupus erythematosus. Based on preclinical and clinical data, B cells have emerged increasingly as both effector cells as well as cells with immunoregulatory potential.
Induction and role of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells in tolerance to the transgene product following hepatic in vivo gene transfer (2007)

Gene replacement therapy is complicated by the risk of an immune response against the therapeutic transgene product, which in part is determined by the route of vector administration. Our previous studies demonstrated induction of immune tolerance to coagulation factor IX (FIX) by hepatic adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene transfer. Using a regulatory T-cell (T(reg))-deficient model (Rag-2(-/-) mice transgenic for ovalbumin-specific T-cell receptor DO11.10), we provide first definitive evidence for induction of transgene product-specific CD4(+)CD25(+) T(regs) by in vivo gene transfer. Hepatic gene transfer-induced T(regs) express FoxP3, GITR, and CTLA4, and suppress CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells. T(regs) are detected as early as 2 weeks after gene transfer, and increase in frequency in thymus and secondary lymphoid organs during the following 2 months. Similarly, adoptive lymphocyte transfers from mice tolerized to human FIX by hepatic AAV gene transfer indicate induction of CD4(+)CD25(+)GITR(+) that suppresses antibody formation to FIX. Moreover, in vivo depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) T(regs) leads to antibody formation to the FIX transgene product after hepatic gene transfer, which strongly suggests that these regulatory cells are required for tolerance induction. Our study reveals a crucial role of CD4(+)CD25(+) T(regs) in preventing immune responses to the transgene product in gene transfer.
Learning to Select and Generalize Striking Movements in Robot Table Tennis (2012)

Learning new motor tasks autonomously from interac-tion with a human being is an important goal for both robotics and machine learning. However, when moving beyond basic skills, most monolithic machine learning approaches fail to scale. In this paper, we take the task of learning table tennis as an example and present a new framework which allows a robot to learn cooperative ta-ble tennis from interaction with a human. Therefore, the robot first learns a set of elementary table tennis hit-ting movements from a human teacher by kinesthetic teach-in, which is compiled into a set of dynamical sys-tem motor primitives (DMPs). Subsequently, the system generalizes these movements to a wider range of situa-tions using our mixture of motor primitives (MoMP) ap-proach. The resulting policy enables the robot to select appropriate motor primitives as well as to generalize be-tween them. Finally, the robot plays with a human table tennis partner and learns online to improve its behavior. We show that the resulting setup is capable of playing table tennis using an anthropomorphic robot arm. 1
Post-transcriptional nucleotide modification and alternative folding of RNA (2006)

Alternative foldings are an inherent property of RNA and a ubiquitous problem in scientific investigations. To a living organism, alternative foldings can be a blessing or a problem, and so nature has found both, ways to harness this property and ways to avoid the drawbacks. A simple and effective method employed by nature to avoid unwanted folding is the modulation of conformation space through post-transcriptional base modification. Modified nucleotides occur in almost all classes of natural RNAs in great chemical diversity. There are about 100 different base modifications known, which may perform a plethora of functions. The presumably most ancient and simple nucleotide modifications, such as methylations and uridine isomerization, are able to perform structural tasks on the most basic level, namely by blocking or reinforcing single base-pairs or even single hydrogen bonds in RNA. In this paper, functional, genomic and structural evidence on cases of folding space alteration by post-transcriptional modifications in native RNA are reviewed.
dif, a recA-independent recombination site in the terminus region of the chromosome of Escherichia coli. (1991)

dif (deletion induced filamentation) is a newly identified locus that lies within the terminus region of the Escherichia coli chromosome. The Dif phenotype was characterized by a subpopulation of filamentous cells with abnormal nucleoids and induction of the SOS repair system. Interactions between dif-carrying plasmids as well as between such plasmids and the bacterial chromosome demonstrated that dif is a cis-acting, recA-independent recombination site. Filamentation continued in dif mutants in which SOS-associated division inhibitors were inoperative, which showed that induction of these inhibitors was not the primary cause of filamentation. Filamentation was not observed in dif recA or dif recBC mutants, which were unable to carry out homologous recombination. The dif site shows homology with the cer site of plasmid ColE1, which resolves plasmid multimers to monomers. It is proposed that dif functions to resolve dimeric chromosomes produced by sister chromatid exchange, and that the Dif phenotype is due to the inability of these mutants to resolve multimers prior to cell division.
Autoantibodies to a 128-kd Synaptic Protein in Three Women with the Stiff-Man Syndrome and Breast Cancer (1993)

In a subgroup of patients with the stiff-man syndrome, the condition is likely to have an autoimmune paraneoplastic origin. The detection of autoantibodies against the 128-kd antigen in patients with this syndrome should be considered an indication to search for an occult breast cancer.
The structural basis of camptothecin interactions with human serum albumin: impact on drug stability (1994)

The intense intrinsic fluorescence emissions from several clinically relevant camptothecin drugs have been exploited in order to study the structural basis of drug binding to human serum albumin. Both HPLC and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic methodologies were employed to characterize the associations of camptothecins with HSA in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C. The alpha-hydroxy delta-lactone ring moiety of camptothecin (C), 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HC), 10,11-(methylenedioxy)camptothecin (MC) and 9-chloro-10,11-(methylenedioxy)camptothecin (CMC) was in each case observed to hydrolyze more rapidly and completely in the presence of HSA than in the protein's absence. Binding isotherms constructed by the method of fluorescence lifetime titration showed that HSA bound preferentially the carboxylate forms of C, HC, MC, and CMC over their lactone forms, thereby providing an explanation for the shift to the right in the lactone-carboxylate equilibrium observed for each compound upon HSA addition. In marked contrast, three analogues (SN-38, CPT-11, and topotecan) all displayed enhanced stabilities in the presence of HSA. While the lifetimes of CPT-11, topotecan, and the carboxylate forms of both drugs were insensitive to the addition of HSA, the lifetimes of both SN-38 and its carboxylate form did titrate upon HSA addition. Analysis of binding isotherms constructed for the albumin interactions of SN-38 and its carboxylate form demonstrated a higher overall association constant for the lactone form [640 (M amino acid (aa) residues)-1] relative to the carboxylate form [150 (M aa)-1]. Our studies indicate that specific modifications at the 7- and 9-positions of the quinoline nucleus, such as those contained in CPT-11, topotecan, and SN-38, enhance drug stability in the presence of HSA. In the case of SN-38, the enhanced stability was shown to be due to preferential associations between the drug's lactone form and the blood protein.
The Effects of Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor‐BB on Periodontal Cells in an In Vitro Wound Model (2001)

The findings from this study demonstrate differing effects of PDGF-BB on the proliferation of PDL and GF in this in vitro model. These results suggest that there may be cell-specific differences critical to periodontal wound healing that may be exploited in the development of new therapies.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin in acute myeloid leukemia: a remarkable saga about an active drug (2013)

Despite living in an era of unprecedented progress in the understanding of the genetic and molecular biology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), this has not translated into significant advances in therapy. Never before have so many potential targets been studied. Yet most have not advanced beyond the phase 1 and, occasionally, phase 2 studies. The few ongoing phase 3 studies seem unlikely to have more than a marginal benefit, if at all. Thus, it is not surprising that in past few decades almost no new drugs for AML have received regulatory approval. In 2000, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) was granted accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration based on promising phase 2 data in relapsed older adults with AML. GO held promise as a new agent that also could be efficacious in newly diagnosed AML with acceptable toxicity. Several phase 3 studies were designed to test GO in this setting. The results of a randomized study by the Southwest Oncology Group led in 2010 to the voluntary withdrawal of this agent when improved efficacy could not be demonstrated and toxicity appeared excessive. Since then, 4 randomized studies have been completed that, in aggregate, strongly support the efficacy of this agent in newly diagnosed AML with acceptable toxicity. There is a very plausible explanation for this discrepancy, making a compelling case for reapproval of GO in AML.
Beneficial Effects of Short-term Vasopressin Infusion during Severe Septic Shock (2002)

The authors conclude that short-term vasopressin infusion spared conventional vasopressor use and improved some measures of renal function in patients with severe septic shock.
Secondary Structure of Sphingomyelinase from Bacillus cereus1 (1990)

Of the total of 306 amino acids in the sequence of sphingomyelinase (SMPLC) from Bacillus cereus, almost half (150) are expected to be involved in the formation of loop or turn structure, while 65 and 73 residues may participate in the formation of alpha-helix and beta-structure, respectively. The helix content of SMPLC was calculated to be 0-5%, based on the CD spectra. The addition of divalent metal ions such as Mg2+ or both Ca2+ and Mg2+ had no effect on the CD spectra of SMPLC, although the addition of these metal ions caused the breakdown of membranous SM and specific adsorption of SMPLC onto erythrocyte membranes. A hydropathy study showed that SMPLC has hydrophobic regions at the N-terminal domain which must be responsible for the binding of the enzyme to the membranes. The partial homologies between the amino acid sequences of SMPLC and Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin (phospholipase C) are discussed.
Effects of insertion conditions on tissue strain and vascular damage during neuroprosthetic device insertion (2006)

Long-term integration of neuroprosthetic devices is challenged by reactive responses that compromise the brain-device interface. The contribution of physical insertion parameters to immediate damage is not well described. We have developed an ex vivo preparation to capture real-time images of tissue deformation during device insertion using thick tissue slices from rat brains prepared with fluorescently labeled vasculature. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of damage were made for insertions using devices with different tip shapes inserted at different speeds. Direct damage to the vasculature included severing, rupturing and dragging, and was often observed several hundred micrometers from the insertion site. Slower insertions generally resulted in more vascular damage. Cortical surface features greatly affected insertion success; insertions attempted through pial blood vessels resulted in severe tissue compression. Automated image analysis techniques were developed to quantify tissue deformation and calculate mean effective strain. Quantitative measures demonstrated that, within the range of experimental conditions studied, faster insertion of sharp devices resulted in lower mean effective strain. Variability within each insertion condition indicates that multiple biological factors may influence insertion success. Multiple biological factors may contribute to tissue distortion, thus a wide variability was observed among insertions made under the same conditions.
Parkinson's disease home diary: Further validation and implications for clinical trials (2004)

We provide further validation of a Parkinson's disease (PD) home diary and explore implications for practical use in clinical trials. We previously developed and published a home PD diary that includes the categories ASLEEP, off, on without dyskinesia, on with nontroublesome dyskinesia, and on with troublesome dyskinesia [Hauser et al., J Clin Neuropharmacol 2000;23:75-81] and demonstrated that patients generally consider off time and on time with troublesome dyskinesia "bad time" and on time without dyskinesia or with nontroublesome dyskinesia "good time". We suggested that that on time without dyskinesia or with nontroublesome dyskinesia would be an appropriate outcome measure in clinical trials of advanced PD patients. In the current study, PD patients with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia (present more than 25% of the awake day and at least moderately disabling) completed daily diaries on 3 consecutive days in each of 2 consecutive weeks. In addition, patients provided responses to five questions regarding dyskinesia and their motor response through the day on visual analog scales (VAS). Three hundred two patients from 10 countries participated. Eighty-three percent (n = 252) completed six diaries without missing or duplicate entries. Seventy-six percent of the missing or duplicate entries occurred after Day 3. Mean percent of the awake day on without dyskinesia or with nontroublesome dyskinesia ("good on", ONG%) was observed to be very stable over time (repeated measure analysis of variance, P = 0.99). Coefficients of reliability as calculated by Cronbach's alpha were as follows: 2 days, r = 0.806; 3 days, r = 0.868; 4 days, r = 0.918; 5 days, r = 0.934; 6 days, r = 0.946. The standard error of measurement (SEM) was calculated to be 10.75%. VAS responses to the question, "How much of the day today did you experience a good response?" more strongly correlated with ONG% (0.41) than ON% (0.24). The diary appears to be sufficiently simple and feasible. Test-retest reliability was good, and reliability increased with increasing number of diary days but compliance diminished beyond 3 days. Good on time (ONG = on time without dyskinesia or with nontroublesome dyskinesia) most strongly correlated with patients' perceived duration of a good response through the day and is an important outcome variable.
NONOPSONIC PHAGOCYTOSIS OF MICROORGANISMS (1995)

Nonopsonic phagocytosis mediated by phagocyte receptors that recognize corresponding adhesins on microbial surfaces has attracted increasing interest as a potential host defense mechanism against extracellular pathogens and as a means of survival in the host for intracellular pathogens. Three types of nonopsonic phagocytosis involving carbohydrate-protein interactions (also termed lectinophagocytosis), protein-protein interactions, and hydrophobic interactions are discussed. A prominent receptor on phagocytic cells involved in recognizing pathogens belongs to the CD11/CD18 integrins. It mediates both opsonophagocytosis and nonopsonic phagocytosis and exhibits multiple specificity for different microbial adhesins. In other cases, similar specificity toward a microbial ligand (e.g. the Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule) is shared by dual molecules, one of which (e.g. the mannose-binding protein in serum) mediates opsonophagocytosis and the other (e.g. the macrophage mannose receptor) mediates nonopsonic phagocytosis of the microorganisms. In addition, we discuss how nonopsonic phagocytosis can trigger the phagocytes to release inflammatory agents and cause tissue injury. Further studies of the molecular mechanisms of nonopsonic phagocytosis, in particular those underlying the up-regulation of the phagocytic receptors by various agents, should lead to the development of new approaches for the prevention of infectious diseases.
Diagnosis of Viral Infections Using Myxovirus Resistance Protein A (MxA) (2015)

MxA is viral infection marker in children, at least with RSV and rotavirus. MxA could improve the management of children with signs of infection.
Continuous delivery of azidothymidine by hydroxyapatite or tricalcium phosphate ceramics. (1995)

A ceramic drug delivery system was developed for continuous release of azidothymidine (AZT). Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics were used to fabricate ceramic devices. Each group of devices consisted of three replicates. Ceramic and AZT mixtures were compressed at a load of 3000 lbs in a 10 mm diameter die using a hydraulic press. For in vitro studies, vitamin E oil was incorporated in six different ratios in devices containing HA (500 mg) and AZT (250 mg). Each device was suspended in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4). Devices containing oil released AZT in significantly lower amounts than devices containing no oil. In vivo studies were conducted with devices composed of homogeneous mixtures of 250 mg AZT and 500 mg TCP with and without vitamin E oil in the following combinations: AZT and TCP (Group I), Oil saturated TCP and AZT (Group II), and AZT pellet inserted in an oil saturated TCP shell (Group III). These devices were implanted subcutaneously in Sprague Dawley rats for two weeks. Group II and III devices delivered AZT at a significantly lower rate than Group I devices. Results of both studies suggest that treatment of ceramic devices with oil decreases the release rate and prolongs the delivery of AZT.
RANTES mediates TNF-dependent lamina propria mast cell accumulation and barrier dysfunction in neurogenic cystitis (2007)

Barrier dysfunction of the urinary bladder is postulated to contribute to patient morbidity in the bladder inflammatory disease interstitial cystitis (IC). IC is often considered a neurogenic cystitis, but the mechanisms underlying barrier dysfunction are unclear. In murine neurogenic cystitis induced by pseudorabies virus (PRV), we previously observed formation of urothelial lesions characterized by urothelial apoptosis and urothelial discontinuities. Lesion formation was preceded by mast cell trafficking to the lamina propria, and trafficking was mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). Here, we found that supernatants of TNF-treated urothelial cultures promoted chemotaxis of bone marrow-derived mast cells in vitro that was blocked by anti-RANTES antibodies but unaffected by anti-TNF antibodies. In vivo, PRV infection of wild-type mice induced RANTES expression in the urothelium that was temporally coincident with lamina propria mast cell accumulation (maximum at days 3-4 following infection) and was not induced in TNF(-/-) mice, TNFR1/2(-/-) mice, or mice treated with anti-TNF antibodies. Anti-RANTES antibodies blocked PRV-induced lamina propria mast cell accumulation 56% and reduced the prevalence of animals with detectable lesions 42%, relative to isotype control antibodies. Bladder barrier function was quantified by measuring transepithelial resistance (TER). PRV induced a 49% loss of TER in the presence of control antibodies, but mice treated with anti-RANTES antibodies exhibited reduced TER loss (16%, P < 0.01). These data demonstrate that RANTES plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurogenic cystitis and suggest that chemokines may represent novel therapeutic targets for IC patients with mast cell-associated disease.
A New Thinning Method for Obtaining Less than 100-nm-Thick Si Film on Wafer Bonding (1991)

This paper proposes a new wafer thinning method in bonding silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. With this new method, thermal oxidation is performed on thin boron-doped Si films after highly selective back-etching to reduce the boron concentration in the film. The boron concentration in the silicon layer on oxide can be decreased more than 2 figures under proper thermal oxidation conditions. A 90-nm-thick silicon layer with 4×10 17 /cm 3 boron concentration was formed on an insulator by this method. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation shows that the silicon layer has a highly crystalline quality. It is also found that the reflow of borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) can effectively fill in the small surface gaps during wafer bonding.