gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amitriptyline Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Response: 1. Free and Total Plasma Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline (1986)

A group of 30 patients suffering from endogenous depression was treated with 150 mg amitriptyline (AT) for 21 days. Depression ratings and determinations of total and free plasma AT and nortriptyline (NT) were performed weekly. No correlation between clinical improvement and any of the biochemical parameters was found. Thus, this study does not support the existence of a therapeutic window for AT. A highly significant correlation was calculated between free and total AT and free and total NT, and also between the free fractions of AT and NT; moreover, age correlated significantly and positively with total plasma AT, but not with NT, and negatively with the free fractions of both AT and NT. The absence of correlation between clinical improvement and pharmacokinetic parameters is discussed for its possible significance. The finding that responders are also found in patients with "low" levels of antidepressants (corroborating the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data obtained in animals submitted to a long-term treatment with antidepressants) suggests that the concept of the need for steady-state levels with low fluctuations should be re-examined. In the light of these results the clinical effectiveness of treatment with higher drug doses, administered at larger intervals, in order to produce high amplitude fluctuations of the antidepressant should be studied.
Outdoor Testing of GaInP2/GaAs Tandem Cells with Top Cell Thickness Varied (2005)

In this study, we measure the performance of GaInP2/GaAs tandem cells under direct beam sunlight outdoors in order to quantify their sensitivity to both spectral variation and GaInP2 top-cell thickness. A set of cells with five different top-cell thicknesses was mounted on a two-axis tracker with the incident sunlight collimated to exclude all except the direct beam. Current-voltage (I-V) curves were taken throughout the course of several days, along with measurements of the direct solar spectrum. Our two major conclusions are: (1) GaInP2/GaAs tandem cells designed for either the ASTM G-173 direct (G-173D) spectrum or the "air mass 1.5 global" (AM1.5G) spectrum perform the best, and (2) cells can be characterized indoors and modeled using outdoor spectra with the same result. These results are equally valid for GaInP2/GaAs/Ge triple-junction cells.
Effective transformation of unactivated alkynes into ketones or acetals with a gold(III) catalyst (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffective transformation of unactivated alkynes into ketones or acetals with a gold(III) catalystYukitoshi Fukuda and Kiitiro UtimotoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 11, 3729–3731Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00011a058https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00011a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4243Altmetric-Citations417LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RANTES, a monocyte and T lymphocyte chemotactic cytokine releases histamine from human basophils (1992)

Chemotaxis of different populations of cells and release of proinflammatory mediators in response to antigenic stimulation are important processes in allergic diseases. These lead to the late phase response, a hallmark of chronic allergic diseases. Recombinant RANTES, a member of the "intercrine/chemokine" family of cytokines, has been previously shown to be chemotactic for monocytes and T cells of memory/helper phenotype. In this manuscript, we show that it is capable of inducing histamine release from human basophils at concentrations as low as 10(-10) M and compare its activity with that of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCAF/MCP-1), another intercrine/chemokine. RANTES (10(-7) M) caused histamine release from the leukocytes of 26 of 33 donors tested (mean 21.8 +/- 3.1%). In the same group of donors, MCAF/MCP-1, goat anti-human IgE (anti-IgE; 1 microgram/ml), and FMLP (10(-5) M) released 41.1 +/- 2.9%, 40.5 +/- 4.6%, and 44 +/- 3.1% histamine, respectively. The percent histamine release by RANTES in atopic vs nonatopics was 30.3 +/- 6.7 and 16.5 +/- 2.4, respectively (p less than 0.05), and histamine release by RANTES correlated significantly with histamine release by MCAF (r = 0.69; p less than 0.001) but not with histamine release by anti-IgE (r = 0.29; p greater than 0.05). Histamine release by RANTES and MCAF/MCP-1 was extremely rapid, reaching a maximum within 1 min. RANTES was also shown to activate highly purified basophils (80% pure), and its activity was inhibited by a polyclonal anti-RANTES antibody. At a suboptimal concentration (6 x 10(-9) M), RANTES did not prime basophils to enhance histamine release by secretagogues such as anti-IgE, C5a, or FMLP. On the other hand, preincubation of basophils with RANTES or MCAF/MCP-1 desensitized basophils to either factor but not to anti-IgE, C5a, or FMLP. Preincubation of basophils with pertussis toxin markedly diminished the basophil response to either RANTES or MCAF/MCP-1. These results suggest that RANTES and MCAF/MCP-1: 1) are potent activators of basophils; 2) may function via the same, or a closely related, receptor system in basophils; and 3) may represent a link between activation of monocytes, lymphocytes, and basophils in inflammatory disorders such as the late phase allergic reaction.
Changes of the Coagulation and Fibrinolysis System in Malignancy: Their possible Impact on Future Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures (2000)

The interaction between malignant cell growth and the coagulation and fibrinolysis system has been a well known phenomenon for decades. During recent years, this area of research has received new attention. Experimental data suggest a role for the coagulation and fibrinolysis system in tumor development, progression and metastasis. Also, clinical research suggests that targeting the coagulation system or fibrinolysis system might influence the course of malignant disease beneficially. This paper reviews data on various hemostatic and fibrinolytic parameters in malignancy; the possible use of such parameters as risk markers in oncology patients; and possible targets of anti-neoplastic therapies using anticoagulant and/or antifibrinolytic strategies. Current evidence suggests that the tissue factor/factor VIIa pathway mediates the most abundant procoagulant stimulus in malignancy via the increase in thrombin generation. Tissue factor has been suggested to mediate pro-metastatic properties via coagulation-dependent and coagulation-independent pathways; tissue factor has also been implicated in tumor neo-angiogenesis. However, so far no model has been validated that would allow the use of tissue factor in its soluble or insoluble form as a marker for risk stratification in tumor patients. On the other hand, there is now good evidence that parts of the fibrinolytic system, such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor ("uPAR"), can be used as strong predictors of outcome in several types of cancer, specifically breast cancer. Observation of various treatment options in patients with thromboembolic disease and cancer as well as attempts to use anticoagulants and/or therapies modulating the fibrinolytic system as anti-neoplastic treatment strategies have yielded exciting results. These data indicate that anticoagulant therapy, and specifically low molecular weight heparin therapy, is likely to have anti-neoplastic effects; and that their use in addition to chemotherapy will probably improve outcome of tumor treatment in certain types of cancer. However, the body of clinical data is still relatively small and the question whether or not we should routinely consider the coagulation and/or fibrinolysis system as therapeutic targets in cancer patients is yet to be answered.
A computer algorithm for testing potential prokaryotic terminators (1984)

The nucleotide sequences of 30 factor-independent terminators of transcription with RNA polymerase from E. coli have been compiled and analyzed. The standard features - a stretch of thymine residues and a preceding dyad symmetry - are shared by most sequences, but there are striking exceptions which indicate that these features alone are not sufficient to describe these sites. In two thirds of the sequences the 3'-half of the dyad symmetry contains the pentanucleotide CGGG (G/C) or a close derivative; about one third have TCTG or a close derivative just downstream of the termination point. The TCTG -box might be implied in termination of stringently controlled operons of E. coli. An algorithm to locate terminators in templates of known nucleotide sequence has been constructed on the basis of correlation to the distribution of dinucleotides along the aligned signal sequences. The algorithm has been tested on natural sequences of a total length of about 11,500 N. It finds all known independent terminators and only a few other sites, including some of the rho-dependent and putative terminators.
Prevention of severe menorrhagia in oncology patients with treatment‐induced thrombocytopenia by luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone agonist and depo‐medroxyprogesterone acetate (2006)

Female patients undergoing myelosupressive therapy are at high risk of developing significant menorrhagia during prolonged, severe thrombocytopenia. Pretreatment gynecologic evaluation can detect significant pelvic pathologies. GnRH-a treatment effectively prevented menorrhagia, whereas DMPA administration was less effective.
Boron-Complexation Strategy for Use with 1-Acyldipyrromethanes (2004)

1-Acyldipyrromethanes are important precursors in rational syntheses of diverse porphyrinic compounds. 1-Acyldipyrromethanes are difficult to purify, typically streaking upon chromatography and giving amorphous powders upon attempted crystallization. A solution to this problem has been achieved by reacting the 1-acyldipyrromethane with a dialkylboron triflate (e.g., Bu2B-OTf or 9-BBN-OTf) to give the corresponding B,B-dialkyl-B-(1-acyldipyrromethane)boron(III) complex. The reaction is selective for a 1-acyldipyrromethane in the presence of a dipyrromethane. The 1-acyldipyrromethane-boron complexes are stable to routine handling, are soluble in common organic solvents, are hydrophobic, crystallize readily, and chromatograph without streaking. The 1-acyldipyrromethane can be liberated in high yield from the boron complex upon treatment with 1-pentanol. Alternatively, the 1-acyldipyrromethane-boron complex can be used in the formation of a trans-A2B2-porphyrin. In summary, the boron-complexation strategy has broad scope and greatly facilitates the isolation of 1-acyldipyrromethanes.
The Beta-hCG+Erythropoietin in Acute Stroke (BETAS) Study (2010)

Results support the safety of this sequential, 2-growth factor therapy initiated 24 to 48 hours after stroke onset.
Protective Immunity Based on the Conserved Hemagglutinin Stalk Domain and Its Prospects for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development (2014)

Influenza virus surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) is an excellent and chief target that elicits neutralizing antibodies during vaccination or natural infection. Its HA2 subunit (stem domain) is most conserved as compared to HA1 subunit (globular head domain). Current influenza vaccine relies on globular head domain that provides protection only against the homologous vaccine strains, rarely provides cross-protection against divergent strains, and needs to be updated annually. There is an urge for a truly universal vaccine that provides broad cross-protection against different subtype influenza A viruses along with influenza B viruses and need not be updated annually. Antibodies against the stem domain of hemagglutinin (HA) are able to neutralize a wide spectrum of influenza virus strains and subtypes. These stem-specific antibodies have great potential for the development of universal vaccine against influenza viruses. In this review, we have discussed the stem-specific cross-reactive antibodies and heterosubtypic protection provided by them. We have also discussed their epitope-based DNA vaccine and their future prospects in this scenario.
Oligo(ethylene oxide) Self-Assembled Monolayers with Self-Limiting Packing Densities for the Inhibition of Nonspecific Protein Adsorption (2009)

We have created a molecule that forms self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au, possessing the characteristics for inhibition of nonspecific protein adsorption, i.e., uniformly distributed, loosely packed, conformationally mobile, hydrated ethylene oxide (EO) chains of near optimal packing densities. SAMs of the bipodal molecule CH(3)O(CH(2)CH(2)O)(5)CH(2)CON(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)SCOCH(3))(2) [N,N-(bis-3'-thioacetylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxanonadecanamide (BTHA)] on polycrystalline Au are described. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy data indicate that BTHA SAM thickness and EO chain disorder closely match that of partially formed monothio-(EO)(5-6)CH(3) SAMs when they exhibit maximum inhibition of protein adsorption. However, in contrast to the monothio-(EO)(5-6)CH(3) SAMs, the BTHA SAM thickness and EO chain disorder remain constant in the presence of unbound molecules because of the structurally imposed upper limit of one EO chain per two Au occupancy sites. SE data indicate high resistance to protein adsorption for bovine serum albumin, fibrinogen, and a mixture of the two, suggesting uniform EO surface coverage on a length scale at least equal to the smallest dimension of these proteins.
A new method of "in-cell reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction" for the detection of BCR/ABL transcript in chronic myeloid leukemia patients (1996)

Methods of detecting minimal residual disease (MRD) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) include chromosome analysis, Southern blotting, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. We report a novel method to detect intracellular messenger RNA (mRNA) by combining the techniques of reverse transcription (RT) and PCR performed directly inside the cells, without extraction of the nucleic acid. We applied this method, which we call "in-cell RT-PCR", to detect hybrid BCR/ABL transcript within single cells. After cellular permeabilization and fixation of single cells in suspension, the neoplastic mRNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA, and the cDNA was amplified by PCR with fluorescent primers, specific for bcr/abl. Flow cytometry was used to detect cells positive for the amplified DNA within the cell cytoplasm. After transferring the amplified cells onto slides by cytospin, the positive cells for BCR/ABL cDNA were observed by fluorescent microscopy. The technique was capable of detecting low abundancy signals and distinguishing different levels of gene expression. The amplification products were found in the cells and supernatants. The distribution was critically affected by the protease digestion condition. The specificity of amplification was confirmed by a nested RT-PCR of BCR/ABL performed on extracted mRNA from the same sample, and by reamplification of supernatants. We have used the technique to study 10 Ph+ CML patients and three normal subjects as controls. Four patients were 100% Ph+ at diagnosis time and RT-PCR+ at cytogenetic and molecular analysis, respectively. In-cell RT-PCR showed that the residual non-neoplastic cells could be observed in all cases. In two patients undergoing interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy and in four bone-marrow transplanted patients, the in-cell RT-PCR was used to compare the level of Ph+ positivity detected by cytogenetic analysis with the number of cells expressing BCR/ABL transcript. In this manner, we could estimate the MRD. Our preliminary application of the technique suggests that it is capable of accurately identifying cells transcribing bcr/abl, and that it may have significant clinical applications in the detection of MRD.
Bradykinin as a pain mediator: receptors are localized to sensory neurons, and antagonists have analgesic actions. (1988)

Autoradiographic studies localize [3H]bradykinin receptor binding sites to the substantia gelatinosa, dorsal root, and a subset of small cells in both the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia of the guinea pig. [3H]Bradykinin labeling is also observed over myocardial/coronary visceral afferent fibers. The localization of [3H]bradykinin receptors to nociceptive pathways supports a role for bradykinin in pain mediation. Several bradykinin antagonists block bradykinin-induced acute vascular pain in the rat. The bradykinin antagonists also relieve bradykinin- and urate-induced hyperalgesia in the rat paw. These results indicate that bradykinin is a physiologic mediator of pain and that bradykinin antagonists have analgesic activity in both acute and chronic pain models.
Induction and maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2010)

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacies and toxicities of immunosuppressive treatments for lupus nephritis (LN) versus cyclophosphamide (CYC). A meta-analysis was performed to determine treatment efficacy and toxicity outcomes between mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and CYC induction therapies, between MMF and azathioprine (AZA) as maintenance therapies, and between low-dose intravenous (IV) CYC and high-dose IV CYC therapy. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis. In terms of induction therapies, MMF did not increase complete remission or partial remission rates as compared with CYC. However, the relative risks (RRs) of amenorrhea and leukopenia tended to be lower in the MMF group than in the CYC group. Meta-analysis of MMF versus AZA as a maintenance therapy showed no difference between the two groups in terms of response rates or the risk of developing end-stage renal disease. Low-dose IV CYC therapy had lower relapse rates than high-dose IV CYC therapy (RR 0.465, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.261-0.830, p-value 0.010), and was associated with a lower infection risk (RR 0.688, 95% CI 0.523-0.905, p-value 0.008). In conclusion, MMF was found to be as effective as CYC and tended to have a better safety profile as an induction therapy for LN than CYC.
A New Concept for Non-Volatile Memory: The Electric-Pulse Induced Resistive Change Effect in Colossal Magnetoresistive Thin Films (2001)

A novel electric pulse-induced resistive change (EPIR) effect has been found in thin film colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) materials, and has shown promise for the development of resistive, nonvolatile memory. The EPIR effect is induced by the application of low voltage (< 4 V) and short duration (< 20 ns) electrical pulses across a thin film sample of a CMR material at room temperature and under no applied magnetic field. The pulse can directly either increase or decrease the resistance of the thin film sample depending on pulse polarity. The sample resistance change has been shown to be over two orders of magnitude, and is nonvolatile after pulsing. The sample resistance can also be changed through multiple levels - as many as 50 have been shown. Such a device can provide a way for the development of a new kind of nonvolatile multiple-valued memory with high density, fast write/read speed, low power-consumption, and potential high radiation-hardness.
On the construction and training of reformulated radial basis function neural networks (2003)

Presents a systematic approach for constructing reformulated radial basis function (RBF) neural networks, which was developed to facilitate their training by supervised learning algorithms based on gradient descent. This approach reduces the construction of radial basis function models to the selection of admissible generator functions. The selection of generator functions relies on the concept of the blind spot, which is introduced in the paper. The paper also introduces a new family of reformulated radial basis function neural networks, which are referred to as cosine radial basis functions. Cosine radial basis functions are constructed by linear generator functions of a special form and their use as similarity measures in radial basis function models is justified by their geometric interpretation. A set of experiments on a variety of datasets indicate that cosine radial basis functions outperform considerably conventional radial basis function neural networks with Gaussian radial basis functions. Cosine radial basis functions are also strong competitors to existing reformulated radial basis function models trained by gradient descent and feedforward neural networks with sigmoid hidden units.
Long-term follow up of children with congenital complete atrioventricular block and the impact of pacemaker therapy (2002)

PM therapy reduces mortality and morbidity in children with CCAVB when compared with natural history data. Although children with PM are free from CCAVB related symptoms limited morbidity remains due to PM system related complications.
The phylogeny of oncology. (1990)

A review of reproductive biology and oncologic immunology reveals striking similarities between the tolerance of neoantigen as demonstrated in pregnancy and cancer. The author discusses the phylogeny of sexual reproduction and the oncologic condition, and suggests that an evolved mechanism of acquired tolerance to HLA-incompatible tissue necessitated by sexual reproduction consequently provides a mechanism for the tolerance of cancer.
The interaction of retinol-binding protein with its plasma-membrane receptor. (1988)

125I-labelled retinol-binding protein (RBP) bound to specific receptors in human placental brush-border membranes. Binding at 22 degrees C reached equilibrium within 15 min, but prolonged incubation caused a subsequent decline. Scatchard analysis of the equilibrium binding data at 22 degrees C and 15 min showed high-(3.0 +/- 2.7 x 10(-9) M) and low-(9.5 +/- 3.5 x 10(-8) M) affinity binding components. 125I-RBP, bound to membranes at 22 degrees C for 15 min and subsequently dissociated with excess unlabelled RBP, exhibited biphasic dissociation kinetics consisting of fast and slow components of release. In contrast, Scatchard analysis and dissociation kinetics of the binding that had taken place at 37 degrees C for 1 h showed the fast-dissociating/low-affinity binding component, but little of the slow-dissociating/higher-affinity binding component. When 125I-RBP, after incubation with membranes at 37 degrees C for 1 h, was re-isolated and subjected to dissociation kinetic analysis using a fresh batch of membranes, the fast-dissociating phase was unchanged, but the slow phase was almost absent. The complex kinetics were interpreted in terms of a heterogeneity in RBP consisting of high- and low-affinity binding forms. The higher-affinity-binding form is thought to be converted into the lower-affinity state on binding to the receptor. Transthyretin inhibited 125I-RBP binding to the membrane, suggesting that free, rather than transthyretin-associated, RBP bound to the receptor. The RBP receptor was trypsin-, heat- and thiol-group-specific-reagent sensitive and was highly specific for RBP.