gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Turnover of synthetic class A amphipathic peptide analogues of exchangeable apolipoproteins in rats. Correlation with physical properties. (1992)

Peptide analogues of the class A amphipathic helixes from exchangeable apolipoproteins mimic apolipoprotein (apo) A-I in a number of ways, including the ability to activate the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, to associate with high density lipoproteins (HDLs), and to form HDL-like particles in the presence of lipids. This study investigated the metabolic properties of several of these peptide analogues in the rat. Peptide analogues studied were 18A (referred to as L-18A to differentiate it from D-18A, and which mimics apolipoprotein amphipathic helical domains in its charge distribution), 37pA (a dimer of two 18A monomers separated by a proline), 18R (with reversed charge distribution compared with 18A), and D-18A (identical in amino acid sequence to 18A but synthesized from D-amino acids). Peptides were radiolabeled with 125I. In addition, metabolism of rat and human 125I-apo A-I and human 14C-apo A-I was studied; no significant differences in clearance of these preparations were seen. Clearance data were fitted to multiexponential equations to give half-times of clearance; biexponential equations consistently provided the best nonlinear least-squares curve fit. The order of relative lipid affinity determined in vitro was 37pA greater than apo A-I greater than D-18A = L-18A greater than 18R. Half-times of clearance were in the same approximate rank order: 37pA, 6.9 +/- 3.3 hours (mean +/- SD); apo A-I, 6.9 +/- 1.8 hours; D-18A, 4.0 +/- 1.0 hours; L-18A, 4.6 +/- 1.6 hours; and 18R, 0.9 +/- 0.1 hour.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mesenchymal stem cells in immunoregulation (2006)

Mesenchymal stem cells are present within the bone marrow cavity and serve as a reservoir for the continuous renewal of various mesenchymal tissues. Recent studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells modulate immune reactions in vitro and escape from immune surveillance in vivo. We provide herein a discussion of issues including the current research progress on the in vitro interactions of mesenchymal stem cells with multiple subsets of immune cells (dendritic cells, T cells, B cells and NK cells), in vivo transplantation outcomes, the possible underlying mechanisms, future research directions as well as potential clinical implications.
Structure of C8α-MACPF Reveals Mechanism of Membrane Attack in Complement Immune Defense (2007)

Membrane attack is important for mammalian immune defense against invading microorganisms and infected host cells. Proteins of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) and the protein perforin share a common MACPF domain that is responsible for membrane insertion and pore formation. We determined the crystal structure of the MACPF domain of complement component C8alpha at 2.5 angstrom resolution and show that it is structurally homologous to the bacterial, pore-forming, cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. The structure displays two regions that (in the bacterial cytolysins) refold into transmembrane beta hairpins, forming the lining of a barrel pore. Local hydrophobicity explains why C8alpha is the first complement protein to insert into the membrane. The size of the MACPF domain is consistent with known C9 pore sizes. These data imply that these mammalian and bacterial cytolytic proteins share a common mechanism of membrane insertion.
Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L): A neuroanatomical tracer for electron microscopic analysis of synaptic circuitry in the cat's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (1990)

Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) is a plant lectin that is anterogradely transported by neurons in the central nervous system. PHA-L is selectively taken up by cells at iontophoretic injection sites and, when immunohistochemically demonstrated, labels individual neurons completely, including their dendrites, axons, and terminal boutons. PHA-L is generally not taken up by fibers passing through the injection site and, because it produces a Golgi-like staining of even very fine axons over long distances, it is sometimes possible to light microscopically reconstruct individual neurons and their entire axon terminal arbors. When prepared for electron microscopy, the PHA-L-labeled terminals are densely and completely stained, allowing their synaptic relationships to be defined. These properties make PHA-L advantageous for studying the patterns of projection and the modes of termination of select groups of neurons in their target nuclei. We used PHA-L to study the extraretinal innervation of the cat's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, a thalamic visual center. Although much is known about the retinal contribution to geniculate synaptic circuitry, relatively little is known about other sources of innervation, even though these provide the majority of synaptic terminals in the nucleus (Guillery: Z. Zellforsch., 96:1-38, 39-48, 1969; Wilson et al.: Proc. R. Soc. Lond. [Biol.], 221:441-436, 1984). We used both light and electron microscopy to describe synaptic circuitry from three extraretinal sources of projections to the lateral geniculate nucleus: the visual cortex, the perigeniculate nucleus, and the parabrachial region of the brainstem. Cortical terminals labeled with PHA-L were small and formed asymmetrical synaptic contacts onto small-caliber dendrites of geniculate neurons. Perigeniculate terminals formed symmetrical synaptic contacts primarily onto small-caliber dendrites, but some synapses were also formed onto the proximal, retinorecipient portions of geniculate dendrites. Parabrachial terminals synaptically contacted the retinorecipient portions of dendritic appendages and shafts, small-caliber dendrites, and the specialized dendritic (F2) terminals of geniculate interneurons. The symmetry of the parabrachial synaptic contacts was variable and was related to the postsynaptic target. Contacts onto dendritic appendages were asymmetrical while those onto dendritic shafts and F2 terminals were symmetrical. Our data suggest that in unlabeled material these brainstem terminals would be difficult to distinguish from cortical or perigeniculate profiles. The positioning of the parabrachial input onto the retinorecipient portions of geniculate dendrites indicates that this projection is well situated to control primary retinal transmission through the nucleus, while the location of most cortical and perigeniculate innervations implicates them in secondary feedback interactions or other aspects of geniculate function.
Herpes simplex virus stromal keratitis is not titer-dependent and does not correlate with neurovirulence. (1989)

We developed a murine model of ocular herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease which is particularly suited for testing stromal keratitis because most animals show some evidence of infection. Using this model, we characterized the ocular disease patterns caused by ten recent low-passage clinical isolates of HSV-1, as well as those caused by the established laboratory strains HSV-1 KOS and HSV-2 333. Viral strains were evaluated for their ability to cause stromal keratitis, blepharitis, vascularization of the cornea, and mortality. The model was not useful for scoring epithelial keratitis. The ocular disease caused by the recent isolates ranged from very mild disease to severe stromal keratitis. Some of the recent isolates caused disease as severe as the two laboratory strains. A comparison of the virulence characteristics expressed by various HSV strains indicated that the ability to cause stromal disease was correlated with vascularization of the cornea (correlation coefficient = 0.797, P less than 0.001) and was not correlated with the neurovirulence of the strains (correlation coefficient 0.045, P greater than 0.05). The severity of stromal keratitis was not dependent on the amount of inoculum over the range tested and a strain causing severe stromal keratitis caused severe ocular disease even when mixed with a nonstromal strain at ratios of 10:1, 100:1, and 1000:1.
LONG-TERM SURVIVAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE OF HUMAN EPIDERMAL ALLOGRAFTS PRODUCED IN CULTURE (1986)

Human epidermal cells from a small skin specimen can be grown in culture into multilayered sheets suitable for the permanent coverage of large burn wounds when used as epidermal autografts. We report here on the long-term survival of such cultured epidermal sheets used as epidermal allografts (EAG) across a major histocompatibility barrier in three nonimmunosuppressed adult patients, suffering from large chronic grafted leg ulcers, where the EAG have been placed to cover the conventional split-thickness skin autograft donor site. The absence of rejection was based upon clinical, histological, and immunopathological observation of the allografted sites at various intervals after grafting of the EAG. The identity of the epidermal cells on the grafted area with cultured cells from allogeneic donor was then established after blood substance typing by indirect immunofluorescence. Furthermore, epidermal cells from cultured sheets, but not control human cells from freshly excised normal epidermis, failed to stimulate the recipient peripheral blood cells in the mixed epidermal cell lymphocyte culture reaction, a finding that is related to the complete absence of class-II-antigen-bearing cells in cultured epidermis. This absence of T cell stimulation was noted not only on the day of grafting but throughout the follow-up. Altogether, these findings show that Langerhans cell and other class-II-antigen-bearing cell-depleted cultured epidermal allografts, are tolerated in unrelated recipients. EAG may serve as a skin substitute in patients with large wounds or burns. Since EAG may be grown continuously, the coverage of burns may not then be limited by the availability of the donor site, or by the time necessary to produce epidermal tissue in cultures.
Mouse CD146/MCAM is a marker of natural killer cell maturation (2008)

CD146/melanoma cell adhesion molecule is an adhesion molecule expressed by endothelial cells and by a small fraction of activated T and B lymphocytes in humans. In order to analyze the pattern of CD146 expression in mouse leukocytes at steady-state conditions, we generated a set of novel rat anti-mouse CD146 monoclonal antibodies. CD146 expression was undetectable on monocytes, dendritic cells, T cells or B cells, but was expressed on about 30% of neutrophils and 60% of NK cells. Within murine lymphocytes, CD146 was defined as a novel NK-specific surface molecule. An increased percentage of CD146+ cells was found in the most mature CD27(-)CD11b+ NK cell subpopulation, which also displays higher expression of Ly49C/I, Ly49D and KLRG1 and lower expression of NKG2A/C/E molecules. CD146+ NK cells were found to be less cytotoxic and produce less IFN-gamma than CD146(-) NK cells upon stimulation with target cells or activating antibodies. These findings define CD146 as a marker of mouse NK cell maturation that may be used as an alternative to the combined use of CD27 and CD11b staining to detect final stages of NK cell maturation.
Aminotransferases: demonstration of homology and division into evolutionary subgroups (1993)

A total of 150 amino acid sequences of vitamin B6-dependent enzymes are known to date, the largest contingent being furnished by the aminotransferases with 51 sequences of 14 different enzymes. All aminotransferase sequences were aligned by using algorithms for sequence comparison, hydropathy patterns and secondary structure predictions. The aminotransferases could be divided into four subgroups on the basis of their mutual structural relatedness. Subgroup I comprises aspartate, alanine, tyrosine, histidinol-phosphate, and phenylalanine aminotransferases; subgroup II acetylornithine, ornithine, omega-amino acid, 4-aminobutyrate and diaminopelargonate aminotransferases; subgroup III D-alanine and branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases, and subgroup IV serine and phosphoserine aminotransferases. (N-1) Profile analysis, a more stringent application of profile analysis [Gribskov, M., McLachlan, A. D. and Eisenberg, D. (1987) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 84, 4355-4358], established the homology among the enzymes of each subgroup as well as among all subgroups except subgroup III. However, similarity of active-site segments and the hydropathy patterns around invariant residues suggest that subgroup III, though most distantly related, might also be homologous with the other aminotransferases. On the basis of the comprehensive alignment, a new numbering of amino acid residues applicable to aminotransferases (AT) in general is proposed. In the multiply aligned sequences, only four out of a total of about 400 amino acid residues proved invariant in all 51 sequences, i.e. Gly(314AT)197, Asp/Glu(340AT)222, Lys(385AT)258 and Arg(562AT)386, the number not in parentheses corresponding to the structure of porcine cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase. Apparently, the aminotransferases constitute a group of homologous proteins which diverged into subgroups and, with some exceptions, into substrate-specific individual enzymes already in the universal ancestor cell.
Sub-Band Coding Of Video Signals For Packet-Switched Networks (1987)

Sub-band coding has been investigated for the novel application of video transmission over packet-switched networks. The scheme, which divides the input signal into frequency bands in all three dimensions, seems promising in that it lends itself to parallel implementation, it is robust enough to handle errors due to lost packets; and it yields high compression with sustained good quality. Moreover, it may be well integrated with the network to handle issues like flow-control and error-handling. The article presents the underlying design goals together with a software implementation and associated results.
B-cell depletion and remissions of malignancy along with cytokine-associated toxicity in a clinical trial of anti-CD19 chimeric-antigen-receptor–transduced T cells (2011)

We conducted a clinical trial to assess adoptive transfer of T cells genetically modified to express an anti-CD19 chimeric Ag receptor (CAR). Our clinical protocol consisted of chemotherapy followed by an infusion of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells and a course of IL-2. Six of the 8 patients treated on our protocol obtained remissions of their advanced, progressive B-cell malignancies. Four of the 8 patients treated on the protocol had long-term depletion of normal polyclonal CD19(+) B-lineage cells. Cells containing the anti-CD19 CAR gene were detected in the blood of all patients. Four of the 8 treated patients had prominent elevations in serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines IFNγ and TNF. The severity of acute toxicities experienced by the patients correlated with serum IFNγ and TNF levels. The infused anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells were a possible source of these inflammatory cytokines because we demonstrated peripheral blood T cells that produced TNF and IFNγ ex vivo in a CD19-specific manner after anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T-cell infusions. Anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells have great promise to improve the treatment of B-cell malignancies because of a potent ability to eradicate CD19(+) cells in vivo; however, reversible cytokine-associated toxicities occurred after CAR-transduced T-cell infusions.
‘Osmosin’ in general practice: preliminary report of a double-blind study in the treatment of osteoarthritis (1983)

'Osmosin' (105 mg sodium indomethacin trihydrate) has been studied in a double-blind general practice trial of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip at a dose of 1 tablet in the morning and matching placebo at night versus 1 tablet twice daily. To date, 223 patients have completed the study, 113 in the lower dose and 110 in the higher dose group. In the preliminary analysis, the overall trend at 4 weeks favoured the higher dose in effectiveness and this group appeared to respond more rapidly. The incidence of side-effects was similar in both groups, but there were fewer drop-outs due to side-effects in the group receiving 'Osmosin' once daily. The preliminary results indicate that the response to 'Osmosin' is time-dependent as well as dose-dependent and, therefore, rather than increasing the dose early, it is probably preferable to initiate therapy with 1 'Osmosin' daily and review at 1 month the need to increase the dose to 1 'Osmosin' twice daily.
Indium–tin oxide treatments for single- and double-layer polymeric light-emitting diodes: The relation between the anode physical, chemical, and morphological properties and the device performance (1998)

We report combined studies of the influence of chemical and physical treatments on the properties of indium–tin oxide (ITO) thin films. The ITO films were also used as transparent anodes of polymeric light-emitting diodes (LEDs) incorporating poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) as the emitter material, with, or without, doped poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as a hole-injection/transport layer. Structures based on a soluble green derivative of PPV, poly(4,4′-diphenylene diphenylvinylene) were also tested. We studied chemical (aquaregia, degreasing, RCA protocol) and physical (oxygen and argon plasmas, Teflon, and paper rubbing) treatments and, in contrast to recently published work, we find that for Balzer Baltracon ITO, oxygen plasma and not aquaregia yields the highest efficiencies and luminances and the lowest drive voltages. For oxygen-plasma-treated anodes, the device efficiency clearly correlates with the value of the ITO surface work function, which in turn depends on the time of treatment. Interestingly, we find that work-function variations induced by our oxygen-plasma treatment are unchanged after long-term storage in air and in the dark. Unexpectedly, we also find that devices incorporating a PEDOT layer benefit from an appropriate treatment of the ITO surface, for both efficiency and lifetime. The results shed light on the physics of conjugated, organic semiconductors and related devices, and in particular on the presence and the role of an anodic energy barrier on the LEDs mechanism of operation. We also discuss the implications of our integrated experimental study in relation to the modification of the ITO sheet resistance, surface and bulk composition, and surface morphology.
The chemotactic attraction of human fibroblasts to a lymphocyte-derived factor. (1976)

A quantitative assay that measures fibroblast chemotaxis in vitro is described. Application of this technique has revealed that peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by antigen or mitogen in vitro produce a factor that is chemotactic for human dermal fibroblasts. This lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor for fibroblasts (LDCF-F) is different from the lymphokine that is chemotactic for monocytes or macrophages. Macrophages are required for the generation of LDCF-F by T lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. The fibroblast chemotactic factor is heat stable (56 degrees C for 30 min), trypsin sensitive, and neuraminidase resistant. LDCF-F could function to attact connective tissue fibroblasts to sites at which cell-mediated immune reactions are occurring in vivo.
An AC converter with a small DC link capacitor for a 15 KW permanent magnet synchronous integral motor (1998)

An AC/AC power converter designed to feed a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a rated power of 15 kW is investigated in this paper. The converter consists of a diode rectifier, a small DC link capacitor and an inverter, which is controlled by an open loop pulse width modulation system (PWM). The circuit is simulated and the simulation results are analyzed and verified by measurements. Due to the small capacitor, special emphasis is put on the analysis of the DC link voltage. The paper also includes an analytical expression of the ripple of the DC link voltage.
CiTE antibody for AML (2018)

In this issue of Blood , Herrmann et al 1 have developed a novel checkpoint inhibitory T-cell–engaging (CiTE) antibody for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by fusing the extracellular domain of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1 ex ) to a CD3 × CD33 bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE; see figure panels A-B). Incorporation of the PD-1 ex domain increased human T-cell activation and led to efficient cytotoxicity against CD33 + /PD-L1 + cells in vitro and in a murine xenograft model. Importantly, the PD-1 ex domain is not sufficient to redirect T cells to PD-L1 + cells lacking the CD33 target. This preferential targeting of CD33 + /PD-L1 + cells should reduce the immune-related adverse events associated with on-target/off-tumor effects of global checkpoint blockade with anti-PD1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
Impact of electrode geometry, depth of immersion, and size on impedance measurements (1997)

Although the platinum electrode is used regularly in the practice of electroanalytical chemistry, there are some caveats that should be considered in experimental design and data interpretation when ac impedance measurements are made. A wire electrode was immersed only partially with the purpose of decreasing its effective area. Impedance was used to study the effect of partial immersion. In the case of an NaOH solution, a good impedance fit was found if a transmission line was added to the equivalent circuit. Transmission line behavior corresponds to the transversal conductivity in the wet, though not immersed, surface. Impedance was further compared for a wire electrode, as well as for short wire electrodes with metal spheres attached to their end. The shorter, predominantly spherical, electrode minimizes impedance artifacts at higher frequencies, thus serving as a better electrode for impedance studies. The change in impedance after depositing platinum black was used to estimate the effective surface area increase. Keywords: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, platinum, electrode shape, partial immersion, platinum black, sodium hydroxide.
Proteolysis in Ensiled Forage Legumes That Vary in Tannin Concentration (1991)

Extensive protein hydrolysis after harvest and during fermentation is characteristic of forage legumes preserved as silage. Differences in proteolysis among species have been observed, but plant characteristics associated with these differences have not been well defined. This study was conducted to determine if tannins play a role in modifying N transformations associated with the preservation of forage legumes as silage. In 1987, 12 legume genotypes (representing six species) were field grown and analyzed for tannin concentrations pre‐ and post‐ensiling dry matter (DM), pH, and N forms. In 1988, 18 genotypes (representing seven species) were evaluated in a similar manner. Tannin concentrations range from 0 to 27 g tannic acid equivalents kg −1 DM in 1987 and 0 to 31 g in 1988. Dry matter concentration pH, and concentration of total N, soluble nonprotein N (SNPN), free amino acid N, and ammonia N of fresh and ensiled herbage were within the range of previous literature reports for forage legumes. The proportion of total N in the form of SNPN after 35 d ensiling ranged from 32 to 73% in 1987 and 26 to 69% in 1988 and was negatively related to tannin concentration ( r 2 = 0.75). Within sericea lespedeza [ Lespedeza cuneata (Dum‐Cours) G. Don], the only species with substantial variation for both tannin and silage SNPN concentrations r 2 values were 0.81 in 1987 and 0.88 in 1988. Red clover( Trifolium pratense L.) and cicer milkvetch( Astragalus cicer L.) did not contain measurable levels of tannins, but exhibited lower proteolysis than alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). These results suggest that tannins play a major role in limiting proteolysis some legumes during ensiling, but other factors also are involved.