gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic Activity of the Avermectins Against the Cat Flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) (2001)

Ivermectin has potent systemic activity against numerous species of nematodes and arthropods, but there are some important species in these two groups, such as the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), that appear to be refractory to it. In an effort to determine if the lack of systemic activity against C. felis is specific to ivermectin, or if it is a class-wide phenomenon, 20 avermectin derivatives were tested in an artificial membrane flea feeding system at concentrations of 20, 10, and 1 microg/ml. Results showed that ivermectin had LC90 and LC50 values against fleas of 19.1 and 9.9 microg/ml, respectively. Only four of the other 19 compounds evaluated possessed both LC90 and LC50 values more potent than ivermectin and even then the advantage was modest. Among those four compounds was a two-fold increase in potency relative to ivermectin when the LC90 values were considered (range, 9.2-10.3 microg/ml) and a two- to eight-fold increase when the LC50 values were examined (range, 1.23-5.26 microg/ml). Neither the possession nor the number of oleandrosyl sugars on the macrocyclic backbone were relevant for additional flea activity because among these four compounds were two disaccharides, a monosaccharide and an aglycone. Also, bond disposition between C-22 and 23 did not contribute to increase in activity because these molecules comprise members with either single or double bonds. One of these avermectin analogs was scaled-up and tested subcutaneously in a dog at >100 times the commercial ivermectin dosage and zero efficacy was observed against the flea. We conclude that even the best in vitro avermectin does not have the in vivo potential to become a commercial oral or subcutaneous flea treatment for companion animals.
N-Glycosylation in Insects Revisited. (1996)

昆虫細胞とバキュロウィルスの系による組換え体糖タンパク質を産生させる生物工学的技術が注目される中で、昆虫におけるタンパク質グリコシル化に対する興味が高まっている。昆虫は、普遍的に存在する高マンノース型糖鎖に加えて哺乳類や植物の糖タンパク質には見られないユニークな構造を持つN型糖鎖を産生する。しかしながら、アスパラギンに結合した根元のGlcNAcがα1→3でフコシル化される等、植物糖タンパク質との構造上の相同性も見られ、その結果植物と昆虫の糖タンパク質間で免疫学的な交叉反応が見られることがある。N型糖鎖の生合成の初期段階は、全真核細胞を通じて非常に良く保存されているようであり、昆虫もその例外ではない。即ち、小胞体において14糖Glc3Man9GlcNAc2がドリコールからタンパク質に転移され、次いで脱グルコシル化される。さらに正しくフォールディングがされなかった糖タンパク質に対しては、それのみに働くグルコース転移酵素によって一過的な再グルコシル化が起こる。その後、マンノシダーゼの刈り込みによって種々の高マンノース型糖鎖が作られ、それらはやがてGlcNAc転移酵素Iの作用を受ける。この段階において糖鎖はα-マンノシダーゼIIの基質となりうる構造に変化する。また細胞や組織によって異なるが、GlcNAc転移酵素IIやα1→3あるいはα1→6のフコース転移酵素が登場してくる。少なくともミッバチにおいては、GalNAcβ1→4(Fucα1→3)GlcNAcという分枝構造の形成に関与する糖転移酵素群も存在する。またイナゴには糖ではない置換体である2-アミノエチルホスホン酸基が見出されている。N型糖鎖に働くガラクトース転移酵素、あるいはシアル酸転移酵素の活性は今までのところ確認されていない。現在多くの昆虫および昆虫由来の細胞系において、GlcNAc転移酵素Iの作用によって付加されたGlcNAc残基は、最終的に膜結合型でアンテナ鎖特異的なβ-N-アセチルグルコサミニダーゼによって除かれることが分かってきた。
EPA CUTS USE OF COMMON PESTICIDE (2000)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTEPA CUTS USE OF COMMON PESTICIDENearly all household uses of chlorpyrifos are banned, most farm applications to continueBETTE HILEMANCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2000, 78, 24, 11Publication Date (Print):June 12, 2000Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 12 June 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v078n024.p011https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n024.p011newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Insecticides,Manufacturing,Organophosphorus compounds,Plant derived food Get e-Alerts
Hyperspectral imaging with a liquid crystal polarization interferometer (2015)

A novel hyperspectral imaging system has been developed that takes advantage of the tunable path delay between orthogonal polarization states of a liquid crystal variable retarder. The liquid crystal is placed in the optical path of an imaging system and the path delay between the polarization states is varied, causing an interferogram to be generated simultaneously at each pixel. A data set consisting of a series of images is recorded while varying the path delay; Fourier transforming the data set with respect to the path delay yields the hyperspectral data-cube. The concept is demonstrated with a prototype imager consisting of a liquid crystal variable retarder integrated into a commercial 640x480 pixel CMOS camera. The prototype can acquire a full hyperspectral data-cube in 0.4 s, and is sensitive to light over a 400 nm to 1100 nm range with a dispersion-dependent spectral resolution of 450 cm(-1) to 660 cm(-1). Similar to Fourier transform spectroscopy, the imager is spatially and spectrally multiplexed and therefore achieves high optical throughput. Additionally, the common-path nature of the polarization interferometer yields a vibration-insensitive device. Our concept allows for the spectral resolution, imaging speed, and spatial resolution to be traded off in software to optimally address a given application. The simplicity, compactness, potential low cost, and software adaptability of the device may enable a disruptive class of hyperspectral imaging systems with a broad range of applications.
Cucurbitacins as kairomones for diabroticite beetles (1980)

The characteristic bitter substances of the Cucurbitaceae act as kairomones for a large group of diabroticite beetles (Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Luperini), promoting host selection and compulsive feeding behavior. These beetles (e.g., Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) respond to as little as 1 ng of cucurbitacin (Cuc) B on thin-layer plates by arrest and compulsive feeding. Six species of diabroticite beetles were about 10 times more responsive to Cuc B than to Cuc E and less responsive to Cuc D, I, and L. Chloroform extracts of 18 species of Cucurbita were developed on thin-layer chromatograms and exposed to diabroticite beetles. The feeding patterns showed pronounced beetle responses to three general Cuc distribution patterns: Cuc B and D as in Cucurbita andreana and C. ecuadorensis; Cuc E and I as in C. okeechobeensis and C. martinezii; and Cuc E glycoside in C. texana. All the diabroticites responded in exactly the same feeding patterns. The results demonstrate a coevolutionary association between the Cucurbitaceae and the Luperini, during which the intensely bitter and toxic Cucs that arose to repel herbivores and protect the plants from attack became specific kairomone feeding stimulants for the beetles.
Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection with Geranylgeranylacetone, a Heat Shock Protein Inducer, in a Rat Glaucoma Model (2003)

These results demonstrate that systemic administration of GGA protects RGCs from glaucomatous damage in a rat model and suggest a novel pathway for neuroprotection in patients with glaucoma.
Silicon electronics on silk as a path to bioresorbable, implantable devices (2009)

Many existing and envisioned classes of implantable biomedical devices require high performance electronicssensors. An approach that avoids some of the longer term challenges in biocompatibility involves a construction in which some parts or all of the system resorbs in the body over time. This paper describes strategies for integrating single crystalline silicon electronics, where the silicon is in the form of nanomembranes, onto water soluble and biocompatible silk substrates. Electrical, bending, water dissolution, and animal toxicity studies suggest that this approach might provide many opportunities for future biomedical devices and clinical applications.
Smoking, season, and detection of chlamydia pneumoniaeDNA in clinically stable COPD patients (2002)

C. pneumoniae DNA prevalence was higher among current smokers, and during winter/spring months. Prospective molecular studies are needed to examine the role of C. pneumoniae detection in COPD disease symptoms and progression.
Structural and functional characterization of a small chitin‐active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase domain of a multi‐modular chitinase from Jonesia denitrificans (2015)

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) boost enzymatic depolymerization of recalcitrant polysaccharides, such as chitin and cellulose. We have studied a chitin-active LPMO domain (JdLPMO10A) that is considerably smaller (15.5 kDa) than all structurally characterized LPMOs so far and that is part of a modular protein containing a GH18 chitinase. The 1.55 Å resolution structure revealed deletions of interacting loops that protrude from the core β-sandwich scaffold in larger LPMO10s. Despite these deletions, the enzyme is active on alpha- and beta-chitin, and the chitin-binding surface previously described for larger LPMOs is fully conserved. JdLPMO10A may represent a minimal scaffold needed to catalyse the powerful LPMO reaction.
Hypothermia Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2008)

In this study, we conducted an updated meta-analysis of the effects of hypothermia therapy on mortality, favorable neurologic outcome, and associated adverse effects in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) for use by Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF)/American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) task force to develop evidence-based treatment guidelines. Our data sources relied on handsearches of four previous good-quality systematic reviews, which all conducted electronic searches of primarily MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. An independent, supplemental electronic search of MEDLINE was undertaken as well (last searched June 2007). Only English-language publications of randomized controlled trials of therapeutic hypothermia in adults with TBI were selected for analysis. Two reviewers independently abstracted data on trial design, patient population, hypothermia and cointervention protocols, patient outcomes, and aspects of methodological quality. Pooled relative risks (RR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome using random-effects models. In the current study, only 13 trials met eligibility criteria, with a total of 1339 randomized patients. Sensitivity analyses revealed that outcomes were influenced by variations in methodological quality. Consequently, main analyses were conducted based on eight trials that demonstrated the lowest potential for bias (n = 781). Reductions in risk of mortality were greatest (RR 0.51; 95% CI 0.33, 0.79) and favorable neurologic outcomes much more common (RR 1.91; 95% CI 1.28, 2.85) when hypothermia was maintained for more than 48 h. However, this evidence comes with the suggestion that the potential benefits of hypothermia may likely be offset by a significant increase in risk of pneumonia (RR 2.37; 95% CI 1.37, 4.10). In sum, the present study's updated meta-analysis supports previous findings that hypothermic therapy constitutes a beneficial treatment of TBI in specific circumstances. Accordingly, the BTF/AANS guidelines task force has issued a Level III recommendation for optional and cautious use of hypothermia for adults with TBI.
Analysis of Oligonucleotides by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2000)

Because of the high molecular weights and thermal lability of biomolecules such as nucleic acids and protein, they can be difficult to analyze by mass spectrometry. Such analyses require a "soft" ionization method that is capable of generating intact molecular ions. In addition, most mass analyzers have a limited upper mass range that is not sufficient for studying these large molecules. ESI-MS can be used to analyze molecules with a molecular weight that is larger than the mass-to-charge ratio limit of the analyzer. This unit describes how ESI allows for analysis of high-molecular-weight compounds through the generation of multiply charged ions in the gas phase. It discusses analyzer configurations, solvent selection, and gives protocols for sample preparation. For applications of ESI-MS, the unit discusses molecular weight determination and gives protocols for sequencing and for analyzing oligonucleotide modifications.
Isolation of the Rhizobium leguminosarum NodF nodulation protein: NodF carries a 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group (1991)

Rhizobium species produce a protein product of the nodF gene that has a limited but recognizable homology to the well-characterized acyl carrier protein (ACP) of Escherichia coli. NodF functions together with NodE in generating a host-specific response to the plant host in the interchange of signals leading to the effective nodulation of roots (H.P. Spaink, J. Weinman, M.A. Djordjevic, C.A. Wijffelman, R.J.H. Okker, and B. J.J. Lugtenberg, EMBO J. 8:2811-2818, 1989; B. Scheres, C. van de Wiel, A. Zalensky, B. Horvath, H. Spaink, H. van Eck, F. Zwartkruis, A.M. Wolters, T. Gloudemans, A. van Kammen, and T. Bisseling, Cell 60:281-294, 1990). The nodFE region of Rhizobium leguminosarum has been cloned into a multicopy plasmid and has been shown in R. leguminosarum to code for a flavonoid-inducible protein that is effectively labeled by radioactive beta-alanine added to the growth medium. After purification, the labeled protein migrates as a single band with an apparent molecular weight of 5,000 during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, more rapidly than E. coli ACP. In contrast, in native gels the protein is resolved into two bands, both identified as NodF by analysis of the amino terminus and both migrating more slowly than E. coli ACP. Pulse-chase experiments with labeled beta-alanine suggested that the slower-moving band may be the precursor of the faster band. The NodF protein carries a 4'-phosphopantetheine as a prosthetic group. A NodF fusion protein under the control of the lac promoter is expressed in E. coli and is labeled with beta-alanine, indicating that it is recognized by the ACP synthase of E. coli. The ACP phosphodiesterase of E. coli, which catalyzes the release of phosphopantetheine from E. coli ACP, does not remove phosphopantetheine from NodF.
Complex interactions between the laminin α4 subunit and integrins regulate endothelial cell behavior in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo (2002)

The alpha4 laminin subunit is a component of the basement membrane of blood vessels where it codistributes with the integrins alphavbeta3, alpha3beta1, and alpha6beta1. An antibody against the G domain (residues 919-1207; G(919-1207)) of the alpha4 laminin subunit inhibits angiogenesis in a mouse-human chimeric model, indicating the functional importance of this domain. Additional support for the latter derives from the ability of recombinant G(919-1207) to support endothelial cell adhesion. In particular, endothelial cell adhesion to G(919-1207) is half-maximal at 1.4 nM, whereas residues 919-1018 and 1016-1207 of the G domain are poor cellular ligands. Function blocking antibodies against integrins alphavbeta3 and beta1 and a combination of antibodies against alpha3 and alpha6 integrin subunits inhibit endothelial cell attachment to G(919-1207). Moreover, both alphavbeta3 and alpha3beta1 integrin bind with high affinity to G(919-1207). Together, our studies demonstrate that the G domain of laminin alpha4 chain is a specific, high affinity ligand for the alphavbeta3 and alpha3beta1 integrin heterodimers and that these integrins, together with alpha6beta1, function cooperatively to mediate endothelial cell-alpha4 laminin interaction and hence blood vessel development. We propose a model based on these data that reconcile apparent discrepancies in the recent literature with regard to the role of the alphavbeta3 integrin in angiogenesis.
The response of protein structures to amino-acid sequence changes (1986)

Abstract The general response of protein structures to mutations, insertions and deletions is conformational change. Comparisons of related proteins show that a large part of the polypeptide chain retains its basic folding pattern. This ‘core’ of the structures comprises major elements of secondary structure and residues flanking them, including active-site peptides. The core may amount to as little as 40% of the structure for distantly related proteins, but is 90 % or more for proteins with amino-acid sequence homologies of 50 % or more. There is a direct relation between the root mean square deviation of the main-chain atoms of the core residues of a pair of proteins and the overall amino-acid sequence homology. The deviation primarily reflects the shifts and rotations of packed secondary structures with respect to one another. For distantly related proteins, shifts of 3-5 Å (1 Å = 10-1 nm = 10-10 m) are typical and shifts of up to 7 Å have been observed. For proteins with sequence homologies of 50% or more the shifts are much smaller, lying in the range 0.3- 1.5 Å. Such closely related proteins are also characterized by a conservation of over 85% of the conformational angles of the backbone and of the side chains of unmutated residues. These observations suggest that successful model building of an unknown protein structure depends on knowing the structure of a reasonably close relative. As an application of these results we propose a model for the VL and VH domains of the antilysozyme antibody D1.3, the crystal structure determination of which is in progress.
Enzyme-generated intracellular fluorescence for single-cell reporter gene analysis utilizingEscherichia coli ?-glucuronidase (1996)

We report the development of a new fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS)-based reporter gene system utilizing the enzymatic activity of the E. coli beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene. When loaded with the Gus substrate fluorescein-di-beta-D-glucuronide (FDGlcu), individual mammalian cells expressing and translating gus mRNA liberate sufficient levels of intracellular fluorescein for quantitative analysis by flow cytometry. This assay can be used to FACS sort viable cells based on Gus enzymatic activity, and the efficacy of the assay can be measured independently by using a fluorometric lysate assay. Furthermore, both the beta-glucuronidase and the previously described E. coli beta-galactosidase enzymes have high specificities for their cognate substrates, allowing each reporter gene to be measured by FACS independently.
Potential antitumor agents. 12. 9-Anilinoacridines (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential antitumor agents. 12. 9-AnilinoacridinesG. J. Atwell, B. F. Cain, and R. N. SeelyeCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 6, 611–615Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00276a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00276a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electroacupuncture and Laser Stimulation Treatment: Evaluated by Somatosensory Evoked Potential in Conscious Rabbits (1997)

Tooth pulp generated somatosensory evoked potential (TPSEP) recordings were used to evaluate analgesic responses to Electroacupuncture (EA) and laser stimulation (Ls) treatments in Dutch-hybrid male rabbits. TPSEP recorded 100 trials at 30 minute intervals for 120 minutes. Three groups, EA, Ls and control were analyzed. The EA group received intermittent 4 Hz, intensity 2-10 volts electro-stimulation for twenty minutes. In the Ls group, a gallium aluminium arsenide (GaAlAs) laser diode with wavelength 780 nm, switched pulse frequency 9720 Hz, energy density 0.6 J/point was employed. Both EA and Ls groups received stimulation of the points Ho-ku (LI-4) and Tzu-San-Li (ST-36). Results showed tooth pulp generated noxious stimulation produced a consistent late near-field SEP waveform, which is similar to those recorded in humans and correlated to the sensation of pains, thus confirming that tooth pulp stimulation is a reliable dolormetric index. EA and Ls TPSEP recordings showed decreased peak-wave amplitude in late near-field components. These decreases correlate to analgesia. This technique provides an objective and reliable dolormetric index.
Synthesis of radiolabeled inhibitors of presynaptic monoamine uptake systems; [18F]GBR 13119 (DA),[11C]nisoxetine (NE), and [11C]fluoxetine (5‐HT) (1989)

Peer Reviewed
Elevated levels of serum and plasma metalloproteinases in patients with gastric cancer. (1997)

Serum proMMP-2 levels and plasma proMMP-9 levels may serve as tumor markers, independent from known factors and CEA.
Very stable prokaryotic messenger RNA in chromosomeless Escherichia coli minicells. (1975)

E. coli minicells lack DNA, yet they make protein, the synthesis of which is sensitive to chloramphenicol but insensitive to rifamycin. This protein is coded for by very stable cellular mRNA with an estimated half-life of 40-80 min. In an R factor-containing minicell, two very different species of mRNA are observed: (i) R factor-specific mRNA with a short half-life whose synthesis is rifamycin-sensitive and (ii) cellular mRNA with a long half-life whose synthesis is rifamycin-insensitive. These findings indicate that minicells contain normal degradative mechanisms for mRNA and point out the existence of a unique class of very stable cellular mRNA. Greater than 80% of the rifamycin-insensitive protein synthesized goes into the outer minicell membrane. Relatively stable mRNA, half-life 5.5-11.5 min, for outer membrane protein in whole cells has been reported [Hirashima et al. (1973) J. Mol. Biol. 79, 373-389]. The stability of minicell mRNA is significantly greater. This and other observations suggest that there are two functional species of mRNA for outer membrane protein perhaps in different sites in the cell. Furthermore, these studies suggest that a class of cellular proteins is synthesized in bacteria without concomitant transcription and in the absence of association with chromosomal DNA.