gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteins of human amniotic fluid. II. Mapping by two-dimensional electrophoresis. (1982)

In an earlier study we used various electrophoretic techniques to investigate the proteins in amniotic fluid, including two-dimensional electrophoresis. However, the high proportion of albumin dominated the pattern and tended to distort the pH gradient. Improved methodology, based upon the removal of albumin with Blue Sepharose CL6B and the silver-staining technique, has been used in the present work. These modifications have minimized problems of distortion. We have extended our work in a attempt to complete the two-dimensional map of the proteins in amniotic fluid. Over 200 proteins were seen, ranging in molecular mass from 10 000 to 100 000, including a relatively high proportion of polypeptides of low-molecular mass. The spots seen in the map are discussed in relation to some of the proteins, peptides, and hormones that have been reported in amniotic fluid. Eventually, it is hoped that polypeptides will be found that will provide better indicators of the condition of the fetus.
De-convoluting the Genetic Adaptations of E. coli C41(DE3) in Real Time Reveals How Alleviating Protein Production Stress Improves Yields (2015)

The well-established E. coli protein production strain C41(DE3) was isolated from the T7 RNA polymerase-based BL21(DE3) strain for its ability to produce difficult recombinant proteins, and it acquired multiple mutations during its isolation. Standard allelic replacement and competition experiments were insufficient to de-convolute these mutations. By reconstructing the evolution of C41(DE3) in real time, we identified the time frames when the different mutations occurred, enabling us to link them to particular stress events. Starvation stress imposed by the isolation procedure selected for mutations enhancing nutrient uptake, and protein production stress for mutations weakening the lacUV5 promoter, which governs t7rnap expression. Moreover, recapitulating protein production stress in BL21(DE3) showed that mutations weakening the lacUV5 promoter occur through RecA-dependent recombination with the wild-type lac-promoter and are selected for upon the production of any protein. Thus, the instability of the lacUV5 promoter in BL21(DE3) alleviates protein production stress and can be harnessed to enhance production.
Synthesis of High Quality Zinc Blende CdSe Nanocrystals (2005)

Highly homogeneous and luminescent CdSe colloidal nanocrystals in the less common zinc blende crystal structure have been obtained at high temperature in a noncoordinating organic solvent. The key parameter appears to be the addition of a phosphonic acid to the trioctylphosphine-selenium complex before its injection into the hot cadmium mixture, while the role of temperature is less relevant. Compared to standard (wurtzite) colloidal CdSe preparations, we find that the growth rate is considerably reduced, and the energy gap between the first two absorption bands becomes larger.
Oral Mucositis and the Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation (2001)

Oral mucositis is associated with significantly worse clinical and economic outcomes in blood and marrow transplantation.
All or none fibrillogenesis of a prion peptide (2001)

Amyloid proteins and peptides comprise a diverse group of molecules that vary both in size and amino-acid sequence, yet assemble into amyloid fibrils that have a common core structure. Kinetic studies of amyloid fibrillogenesis have revealed that certain amyloid proteins form oligomeric intermediates prior to fibril formation. We have investigated fibril formation with a peptide corresponding to residues 195-213 of the human prion protein. Through a combination of kinetic and equilibrium studies, we have found that the fibrillogenesis of this peptide proceeds as an all-or-none reaction where oligomeric intermediates are not stably populated. This variation in whether oligomeric intermediates are stably populated during fibril formation indicates that amyloid proteins assemble into a common fibrillar structure; however, they do so through different pathways.
Virus-induced cytokines regulate circulating lymphocyte levels during primary SIV infections (1997)

Decline in blood CD4+ lymphocytes during primary symptomatic infections with HIV is usually attributed to viral killing, and has not been considered in terms of altered lymphocyte migration and sequestration. We therefore sought to examine whether CD4+ cell loss from blood of macaques undergoing an acute primary SIV infection might be due to increased synthesis of cytokines, known to profoundly affect lymphocyte trafficking, rather than to direct lymphocyte destruction by virus. The findings indicate that rapid lymphocyte depletion following acute infection is not selective for CD4+ cells, correlates precisely with increased plasma IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, and is reversible. CD4/CD8 ratios in lymph nodes with high viral burdens remain relatively unchanged despite lymphocyte loss from blood. Levels of cytokine mRNA measured in lymphoid organs reflect neither cytokine plasma levels nor their potential to induce sequestration. These results support a model of cytokine-induced lymphocyte extravasation to account for the acute HIV/SIV-induced CD4+ cell lymphopenia and raise questions regarding the extent to which altered lymphocyte migration plays a role in the gradual CD4+ cell depletion throughout infection.
Adeno-Associated Virus Liver Transduction Efficiency Measured by in Vivo [ 18 F]FHBG Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Rodents and Nonhuman Primates (2011)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus 5 (rAAV5) represents a candidate vector with unique advantages for the treatment of hepatic disorders because of its narrow hepatic tropism. Noninvasive in vivo imaging of transgene expression provides an important tool with which to quantify the transduction efficiency, and duration and location, of transgene expression. In this study, we used positron emission tomography (PET) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging to monitor liver transduction efficacy in rodents and nonhuman primates that received rAAV5 vector encoding herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK). HSV-TK expression in liver was also measured by immunohistochemistry. Notable differences in liver transduction efficiency were found, dependent on the animal species and sex. Male rodents were better transduced than females, as previously described. Moreover, male nonhuman primates also displayed increased hepatic expression of the rAAV5-delivered transgene, indicating that differences in rAAV-mediated liver transduction can be anticipated in humans. Our results demonstrate the high sensitivity and reproducibility of PET, using HSV-TK and [(18)F]FHBG, to detect gene expression after rAAV vector administration into living animals, confirming the utility of this technology in the quantification of transgene expression, even at low expression levels. However, we also describe how an immune response against HSV-TK hampered analysis of long-term expression in nonhuman primates.
A Potent Mu-Opioid Receptor Agonist, Dihydroetorphine, Fails to Produce the Conditioned Place Preference in Mice (1996)

Reinforcing effects of dihydroetorphine (DHE) and morphine were evaluated by the conditioned place preference paradigm. Both DHE and morphine produced an antinociceptive effect in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, DHE (0.1, 1, 3 and 10 micrograms/kg, i.p.) failed to induce the conditioned preference, while morphine (0.1, 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a dose-dependent preference for the drug-paired place. Thus, these characteristic properties of DHE make it attractive for development as a novel potent analgesic compound that has less dependence liability.
Assessment of the onset of lotilaner (Credelio™) speed of kill of fleas on dogs (2017)

This study demonstrates that lotilaner flavored chewable tablets are well tolerated and begin to kill fleas within 2 h of treatment, achieving 99.6% efficacy within 8 h. Lotilaner can therefore be used to quickly alleviate the flea irritation that arises from existing infestations.
Flow Cytometric Analysis by Using Micro-Machined Flow Chamber. (2000)

Effect of the flow characteristics in a newly developed micro-machined sheath flow chamber on the accuracy of cytometric analysis was investigated. The chamber was formed by laminating three 100-μm-thick photo-etched metal plates. Sample fluid containing cells, which enters the chamber via an axial specimen nozzle, is enveloped by a buffering sheath-fluid and transported to a capillary channel. Microscopic observation and three-dimensional viscous flow analysis predict that the dispersion of cells in the capillary channel is favorably reduced when the Reynolds number is between 500 and 750, which is value associated with low deviation of the analytical results. The five classifications of human white blood cells were determined. and this verified that change of the deviation depends on the Reynolds number. The results confirm Reynolds number of 500-750 is appropriate for good classification.
Options for the control of influenza III : proceedings of the third International Conference on Options for the Control of Influenza, Cairns, Australia, 4-9 May, 1996 (1996)

Hardbound. This is one of the most comprehensive publications dealing with influenza and opportunities for control. The volume comprises papers from scientists involved in all aspects of influenza, from basic research through development and licensing of new vaccines and therapeutics, to epidemiology and control programs.
AEE788, a Dual Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Inhibitor, Induces Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Xenografts in Nude Mice (2005)

In addition to inhibiting cutaneous cancer cell growth by blocking EGFR and VEGFR signaling pathways in vitro, AEE788 inhibited in vivo tumor growth by inducing tumor and endothelial cell apoptosis.
Diffractive exit-pupil expander with a large field of view (2008)

A concept of asymmetric exit-pupil expansion for head-worn virtual displays is introduced. Expression for the achievable field of view (FOV) of a stack of asymmetric pupil expanders is derived. Comparison with the symmetric case indicates a possibility for doubling the horizontal FOV for given material parameters and spectral bandwidth. Using the parameter values of readily available plastics, the horizontal field of view approaching the viewing conditions of typical desktop monitors should be possible. Moreover, improvement of the illumination uniformity can be achieved through optimized positioning of the out-coupling diffraction gratings.
Dendritic spine formation and synaptic function require neurobeachin (2011)

A challenge in neuroscience is to understand the mechanisms underlying synapse formation. Most excitatory synapses in the brain are built on spines, which are actin-rich protrusions from dendrites. Spines are a major substrate of brain plasticity, and spine pathologies are observed in various mental illnesses. Here we investigate the role of neurobeachin (Nbea), a multidomain protein previously linked to cases of autism, in synaptogenesis. We show that deletion of Nbea leads to reduced numbers of spinous synapses in cultured neurons from complete knockouts and in cortical tissue from heterozygous mice, accompanied by altered miniature postsynaptic currents. In addition, excitatory synapses terminate mostly at dendritic shafts instead of spine heads in Nbea mutants, and actin becomes less enriched synaptically. As actin and synaptopodin, a spine-associated protein with actin-bundling activity, accumulate ectopically near the Golgi apparatus of mutant neurons, a role emerges for Nbea in trafficking important cargo to pre- and postsynaptic compartments.
Preparation of unnatural N-to-N and C-to-C protein fusions (2012)

Standard genetic approaches allow the production of protein composites by fusion of polypeptides in head-to-tail fashion. Some applications would benefit from constructions that are genetically impossible, such as the site-specific linkage of proteins via their N or C termini, when a remaining free terminus is required for biological activity. We developed a method for the production of N-to-N and C-to-C dimers, with full retention of the biological activity of both fusion partners and without inflicting chemical damage on the proteins to be joined. We use sortase A to install on the N or C terminus of proteins of interest the requisite modifications to execute a strain-promoted copper-free cycloaddition and show that the ensuing ligation proceeds efficiently. Applied here to protein-protein fusions, the method reported can be extended to connecting proteins with any entity of interest.
Enhancement of Rat Sciatic Nerve Regeneration by Fibronectin and Laminin through a Silicone Chamber (2003)

In this study, the authors examined the effects of fibronectin and laminin on sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. Sixty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral sciatic nerve transections and silicone tubulizations, with a 10-mm gap between the proximal and distal nerve stumps. Thirty rats (n=30) received 10 microg of fibronectin injection into the right sciatic nerve chamber, while saline was injected into the left nerve chamber, serving as the control. Another 30 rats (n=30) were given 6 microg of laminin injection into the right nerve chambers and saline into the left chambers. At 1, 3, and 4 months postoperatively, electrophysiologic and histologic examinations, including nerve morphometry, were performed. Eight additional rats, receiving fibronectin (n=4) and laminin (n=4) injections, were used for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing at 3 months postoperatively. Results from the study showed that fibronectin- and laminin-treated groups had significantly higher motor nerve conduction velocity and evoked muscle action potential amplitude of the anterior tibial muscle than the control group (p<0.01). Nerve diameter and the number of myelinated axons from the groups receiving fibronectin and laminin applications were greater than the controls (p<0.01). Also, a greater number of HRP-labeled motor neurons were found in the ventral horns and dorsal root ganglia of the fibronectin- and laminin-treatment groups compared to the controls. The authors conclude that local applications of fibronectin and laminin into the nerve chambers can significantly improve axonal regeneration and maturation of injured rat sciatic nerves.
Metabolism and bioanalysis of the dopamine agonist N-0437 (1989)

In this thesis the metabolic pathways of the new and very potent D-2 agnist 2-(N-propyl-N-2-thienylethylamino)-5-hydroxytetralin (N-0437) have been investigated in rats and monkeys after different dosing routes. In addition, some bioanalytical aspects of the drug wre studied in telation to its metabolism. The drug was synthesized at the department of Medicinal Chemistry and it has potential applications in Parkinson's deisease, schizophrenia and glaucoma. Readioactive experiments were carried out using [3H] N-0437 with the label in the propyl side chain. ... Zie: Summary
Determination and analysis of the complete genomic sequence of avian hepatitis E virus (avian HEV) and attempts to infect rhesus monkeys with avian HEV (2004)

Avian hepatitis E virus (avian HEV), recently identified from a chicken with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the United States, is genetically and antigenically related to human and swine HEVs. In this study, sequencing of the genome was completed and an attempt was made to infect rhesus monkeys with avian HEV. The full-length genome of avian HEV, excluding the poly(A) tail, is 6654 bp in length, which is about 600 bp shorter than that of human and swine HEVs. Similar to human and swine HEV genomes, the avian HEV genome consists of a short 5' non-coding region (NCR) followed by three partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) and a 3'NCR. Avian HEV shares about 50 % nucleotide sequence identity over the complete genome, 48-51 % identity in ORF1, 46-48 % identity in ORF2 and only 29-34 % identity in ORF3 with human and swine HEV strains. Significant genetic variations such as deletions and insertions, particularly in ORF1 of avian HEV, were observed. However, motifs in the putative functional domains of ORF1, such as the helicase and methyltransferase, were relatively conserved between avian HEV and mammalian HEVs, supporting the conclusion that avian HEV is a member of the genus Hepevirus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that avian HEV represents a branch distinct from human and swine HEVs. Swine HEV infects non-human primates and possibly humans and thus may be zoonotic. An attempt was made to determine whether avian HEV also infects across species by experimentally inoculating two rhesus monkeys with avian HEV. Evidence of virus infection was not observed in the inoculated monkeys as there was no seroconversion, viraemia, faecal virus shedding or serum liver enzyme elevation. The results from this study confirmed that avian HEV is related to, but distinct from, human and swine HEVs; however, unlike swine HEV, avian HEV is probably not transmissible to non-human primates.
Adduct ion formation in isobutane chemical ionization of aliphatic olefins. (1984)

The formation of the adduct ion, (M + C4H9)+, from aliphatic olefins was investigated in isobutane chemical ionization (CI) mass spectrometry by using a conventional mass spectrometer. In the spectra of 1-olefins, the adduct ion was most abundant above 0.05 Torr at the ionization chamber. Methyl substitutions on the unsaturated carbon atom made this ion less abundant for 1-olefins and cyclohexenes. Other adduct ions such as (M+C3H7)+ or (M+C3H3)+ were not found in significant amount under usual conditions. Temperature and repeller effects on the adduct ion formation were also studied.
Skin penetration enhancement (1994)

AbstractOne of the major problems in delivering drugs via the dermal route is the very effective barrier function of the skin. The reason for the barrier function can be attributed to the intercellular lipids of the stratum corneum. They are arranged into bilayer arrays and a penetrating drug has to be soluble in them and then transfer sequentially from a polar to a non-polar environment. Chemical enhancers act in a number of ways and the relative effects are often difficult to determine. If an enhancer diffuses into the stratum corneum it can alter the solubility properties of the skin lipids and hence modify partitioning of the drug. Additionally, some enhancers appear to disrupt the ordered nature of the bilayers; the increased fluidity facilitates diffusion of the permeant through the alkyl chain regions of the bilayers. Synergistic effects can be seen when enhancers are present which both aid solubility of the drug and increase the lipid disordering. Another approach to increasing the drug flux is to increase the thermodynamic activity of the drug in the formulation by the judicious use of supersaturation. Physical methods of enhancement have also been examined. These are primarily the use of a small electric current (iontophoresis) or ultrasound (phono-phoresis).
Efficient maze-running and line-search algorithms for VLSI layout (2002)

A new construct called the connection graph G/sup 4/, is proposed. An efficient geometric algorithm for constructing G/sup 4/ is given. A framework is presented for designing a class of time and space efficient maze-running and line-search rectilinear shortest path and rectilinear minimum spanning tree algorithms based on G/sup 4/. Several example maze-running and line-search algorithms based on G/sup 4/ are given to demonstrate the power of G/sup 4/ in designing good sequential VLSI routing algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Screening for Pharmaceutical Cocrystal Hydrates via Neat and Liquid-Assisted Grinding (2007)

The formation of cocrystal hydrates represents a potential route to achieve molecular materials with improved properties, particularly stability under conditions of high relative humidity. We describe the use of neat and liquid-assisted grinding for screening for hydrated forms of pharmaceutical cocrystals. In the case of liquid-assisted grinding, water is present in the reaction mixture as a liquid, whereas in the case of neat grinding, it is introduced by employing crystalline hydrates as reactants. The ability to form a cocrystal hydrate by either of the two methods appears to be variable, depending on the choice of cocrystal components. Theophylline readily forms a cocrystal hydrate with citric acid. This contrasts with the behavior of caffeine, which provides only an anhydrous cocrystal ("caffeine citrate") even when both reactants are crystalline hydrates. The preference of theophylline to form a cocrystal hydrate is qualitatively explained by similarity between crystal structures of the products and reactant hydrates. Overall, liquid-assisted grinding is less sensitive to the form of the reactant (i.e., hydrate or anhydrate) than neat grinding. For that reason liquid-assisted grinding appears to be a more efficient method of screening for cocrystal hydrates, and it is also applicable to screening for hydrates of APIs.
CSF and blood pharmacokinetics of hydromorphone and morphine following lumbar epidural administration (1991)

Sixteen consenting patients scheduled for elective thoracotomy were enrolled into a randomized trial of epidural morphine and hydromorphone. Each patient had a lumbar epidural catheter placed preoperatively for the purpose of post-thoracotomy analgesia. Shortly before the end of the operative procedure each patient received 5 mg of morphine and 0.75 mg of hydromorphone via the epidural catheter. Blood was sampled at regular intervals following the opiate administration and patients were randomized to 1 of 7 cervical CSF sampling times. Blood and CSF samples were assayed for morphine and hydromorphone concentration to determine blood and CSF pharmacokinetic profiles. A maximum blood morphine concentration of 60 +/- 25 ng/ml (mean +/- S.D.) was obtained at 11 +/- 6 min (mean +/- S.D.). The blood hydromorphone peak of 14 +/- 13 ng/ml (mean +/- S.D.) occurred 8 +/- 6 min (mean +/- S.D.). The mean peak CSF opioid concentrations of 1581 ng/ml for morphine and 309 ng/ml for hydromorphone occurred 60 min after epidural administration. The blood and CSF pharmacokinetic profiles for morphine and hydromorphone are presented. These profiles are similar for the two drugs after lumbar epidural administration.
Structure and Properties of Silicon Titanium Oxide Films Prepared by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Method (1991)

We have developed a novel material of silicon titanium oxide with high dielectric constant and low leakage current. The silicon titanium oxide films were prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (plasma CVD) with the gas mixture of TiCl 4 -SiH 4 -N 2 O. It was found that these films have intermediate properties of silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide by varying the ratio of SiH 4 /(SiH 4 +TiCl 4 ). The properties of silicon titanium oxide nearly corresponded to those of Ta 2 O 5 when the gas mixture ratio was 0.075, with a dielectric constant of 18 and a leakage current density of 2.5×10 -8 A/cm 2 at 1 MV/cm.