gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discrimination Between Myocardial and Skeletal Muscle Injury by Assessment of the Plasma Ratio of Myoglobin Over Fatty Acid–Binding Protein (1995)

The ratio of the concentrations of myoglobin over FABP in plasma from patients with muscle injury reflects the ratio found in the affected tissue. Since this ratio is different between heart (4.5) and skeletal muscle (20 to 70), its assessment in plasma allows the discrimination between myocardial and skeletal muscle injury in humans.
The antiproliferative effect of C2-ceramide on lung cancer cells through apoptosis by inhibiting Akt and NFκB (2014)

The anticancer effects of ceramide have been reported in many types of cancers but less in lung cancer. In this study, we used C2-ceramide to further investigate its possible anticancer effects and mechanisms on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) H1299 cells. The result of cell proliferation in terms of trypan blue assay showed high dose of C2-ceramide inhibited cell survival after 24 h treatment. The flow cytometry-based assays indicated the effect of apoptosis, chromatin condensation, and G1 arrest in terms of Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI), DAPI, and PI stainings, respectively. Moreover, the decreased protein level of p-Akt, p-NFκB, survivin and cyclin A2 were detected by Western blot assay. Taken together, these results indicated the antiproliferative effect of C2-ceramide is majorly responsible for cell apoptosis in lung cancer H1299 cells.
RETRACTED: miR-150-5p Inhibits Hepatoma Cell Migration and Invasion by Targeting MMP14 (2014)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite progress in diagnostics and treatment of HCC, its prognosis remains poor because the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis are not well understood. In the study, we focused on identifying the role of miRNAs in HCC progression. miRNA microarray was used to analyze the differentially expressed miRNAs, and the results were validated by qPCR. We found that the miR-150-5p expression is down-regulated in HCC tissues compared with pair non-tumor tissues. miR-150-5p expression is also decreased in metastatic cancer tissues compared with pair primary tissues, indicating that miR-150-5p may be involved in HCC metastasis. Functionally, miR-150-5p inhibition significantly promotes hepatoma cell migration and invasion, whereas miR-150-5p overexpression suppresses cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. The matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) is identified as a new target gene of miR-150-5p. miR-150-5p markedly inhibits MMP14 expression in hepatoma cells, and miR-150-5p expression is negative correlation with MMP14 expression in vivo. More important, re-expression of MMP14 in hepatoma cells partially reverses the effect of miR-150-5p in inhibiting cell invasion.
The Effect of Glyburide on β-Cell Sensitivity to Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (1993)

We conclude that glyburide enhances beta-cell sensitivity to GIP.
Highly Efficient Electrophosphorescent Devices with Saturated Red Emission from a Neutral Osmium Complex (2005)

Highly efficient electrophosphorescent polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with saturated red emission (Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates exactly at x = 0.67, y = 0.33) are achieved by blending a novel neutral Osmium complex into a single-component bipolar polymer host that possesses balanced hole- and electron-transporting ability. By using a tetraphenylenebiphenyldiamine (TPD)-based cross-linkable hole-transport layer as well as a layer of 1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBI) as an electron-transport layer, a device structure with both effective hole/electron injection and efficient carriers/excitons blocking or confinement at both electrode sides is constituted. In this way, external quantum efficiency 12.8% is reached the first time with an organometallic complex with heavy metal core other than iridium.
P element insertion-dependent gene activation in the Drosophila  eye (1997)

Insights into the function of a gene can be gained in multiple ways, including loss-of-function phenotype, sequence similarity, expression pattern, and by the consequences of its misexpression. Analysis of the phenotypes produced by expression of a gene at an abnormal time, place, or level may provide clues to a gene's function when other approaches are not illuminating. Here we report that an eye-specific, enhancer-promoter present in the P element expression vector pGMR is able to drive high level expression in the eye of genes near the site of P element insertion. Cell fate determination, differentiation, proliferation, and death are essential for normal eye development. Thus the ability to carry out eye-specific misexpression of a significant fraction of genes in the genome, given the dispensability of the eye for viability and fertility of the adult, should provide a powerful approach for identifying regulators of these processes. To test this idea we carried out two overexpression screens for genes that function to regulate cell death. We screened for insertion-dependent dominant phenotypes in a wild-type background, and for dominant modifiers of a reaper overexpression-induced small eye phenotype. Multiple chromosomal loci were identified, including an insertion 5' to hid, a potent inducer of apoptosis, and insertions 5' to DIAP1, a cell death suppressor. To facilitate the cloning of genes near the P element insertion new misexpression vectors were created. A screen with one of these vectors identified eagle as a suppressor of a rough eye phenotype associated with overexpression of an activated Ras1 gene.
Einfluß von Thymopentin und Isoprinosin auf Parameter der zellulären Immunität bei Patientinnen mit Ovarialkarzinom (1991)

Im Rahmen einer randomisierten, placebokontrollierten Einfach-blindstudie wurde der Einfluß einer Therapie mit Thymopentin (Timunox®, Cilag Biotech) im Vergleich zu einer Therapie mit Isoprinosin (Delimmun®, Delalande, Köln) und einer placebobehandelten Kontrollgruppe bei 18 Patientinnen mit Ovarialkarzinom (FIGO-Stadium I–III), die drei Wochen nach abgeschlossener Primärtherapie eine Einschränkung der zellularen Immunität im Sinne einer Vermin-derung der T-Helfer-Zellen oder ein negatives Ergebnis im Lympho-zytentransformationstest erkennen ließen, untersucht. Bei 6 Patientinnen wurde die Therapie mit Thymopentin über zwei Wochen in einer Dosierung von 50mg/d, anschließend 3×/Woche in einer Dosierung von 50 mg über eine weitere Woche durchgeführt. Eine zweite Behandlungsgruppe von 6 Patientinnen erhielt Isoprinosin in einer Dosierung von 50 mg/kg Körpergewicht/d in gleichen Behandlungsintervallen wie in der 1. Therapiegruppe. 6 Patientinnen einer dritten Behandlungsgruppe wurde nach parallelem Behandlungsschema ein Placebo verabreicht. Vor Therapiebeginn, unter der Therapie und 2½ Wochen nach Therapieabschluß wurden Gesamt-T-Zellen, Heifer-, Suppressor- und B-Zellen im perípheren Blut bestimmt und ein Lymphozytentransformationstest durchgeführt. Eine vierte Gruppe von gesunden Frauen ohne Vorerkrankungen (n = 7) wurde zum Spezifitätsnach’weis der Untersuchungsverfahren auf eine eingeschränkte Immunantwort als Vergleichsgruppe herangezogen. Als Folge einer Therapie mit Thymopentin und Isoprinosin konnte ein statistisch absicherbarer Anstieg der Gesamt-T-Zellen und der T-Helferzellen im Vergleich zur Placebobehandelten Ovarialkarzinompatientinnen-Gruppe gefunden werden; für T-Suppressorzellen und B-Zellen konnten in keiner Behandlungsgruppe zu einem Zeitpunkt statistisch absicherbare Veränderungen gefunden werden. Im Lymphozytentransformationstest konnte eine Beeinflussung der PHA-stimulierten Lymphoblastenaktivität durch Thymopentin und Isoprinosin im Vergleich zur Placebogruppe gesichert werden; die analog über die 3H-Thymidineinbaurate gemessene lymphozytäre Immunantwort stieg während und nach Thymopentintherapie starker an als mit Isoprinosin (p < 0,0001). Die in unserem Behandlungskollektiv im Gefolge der Immuntherapie objektivierte Normalisierung einzelner quantitativer und qualitativer Parameter der zellularen Immunität korrelierte nicht mit einer Verlängerung der Überlebenszeit oder einer Verbesserung des klinischen Verlaufes.
Presence of chromogranin-derived antimicrobial peptides in plasma during coronary artery bypass surgery and evidence of an immune origin of these peptides (2002)

Chromogranin A (CGA) and chromogranin B (CGB) are acidic proteins stored in secretory organelles of endocrine cells and neurons. In addition to their roles as helper proteins in the packaging of peptides, they may serve as prohormones to generate biologically active peptides such as vasostatin-1 and secretolytin. These molecules derived from CGA and CGB, respectively, possess antimicrobial properties. The present study demonstrates that plasmatic levels of both vasostatin-1 and secretolytin increase during surgery in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Vasostatin-1 and secretolytin, initially present in plasma at low levels, are released just after skin incision. Consequently, they can be added to enkelytin, an antibacterial peptide derived from proenkephalin A, for the panoply of components acting as a first protective barrier against hypothetical invasion of pathogens, which may occur during surgery. CGA and CGB, more commonly viewed as markers for endocrine and neuronal cells, were also found to have an immune origin. RNA messengers coding for CGB were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in human monocytes, and immunocytochemical analysis by confocal microscopy revealed the presence of CGA or CGB or both in monocytes and neutrophils. A combination of techniques including confocal microscopic analysis, mass spectrometry measurement, and antibacterial tests allowed for the identification of the positive role of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the secretolytin release from monocytes in vitro. Because IL-6 release is known to be strongly enhanced during CPB, we suggest a possible relationship between IL-6 and the increased level of secretolytin in patients undergoing CPB.
Murine chronic graft-versus-host disease as a model of systemic lupus erythematosus: effect of immunosuppressive drugs on disease development. (1989)

The effect of a number of drugs commonly used to treat the more severe exacerbations of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in humans has been investigated in the murine chronic graft-versus-host (GVH) induced model of lupus. This was undertaken in order to determine the value of this model for the investigation of immunomodulant drugs, with particular regard to the reproducibility of disease induction and methods of monitoring disease progression. The drugs were azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin A and dexamethasone. All of these, except for azathioprine, reduced disease severity, assessed as the development of lupus nephritis. Anti-ssDNA autoantibodies were also reduced in titre in the dexamethasone-treated group. Overall, these findings, combined with the reproducible induction of disease seen in this model, support the use of chronic GVH disease as a model for SLE and show that the induced disease can be ameliorated by drugs effective in the treatment of SLE in humans.
Inhibitory Activity of Alkoxyalkyl and Alkyl Esters of Cidofovir and Cyclic Cidofovir against Orthopoxvirus Replication In Vitro (2004)

A new series of ether lipid esters of cidofovir (CDV) were evaluated against vaccinia and cowpox viruses. Activity was dependent on number of atoms in the alkyl or alkoxyalkyl chain, the linker moiety, and the presence of a double bond in the alkoxyalkyl chains linked to the phosphonate moiety of CDV.
Rapamycin enhances the activity of oncolytic herpes simplex virus against tumor cells that are resistant to virus replication (2010)

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) is currently in phase III clinical trials for development as a novel therapeutic agent against a broad range of human tumors. Although results have been promising, clinical outcome is likely to be compromised by intrinsic and acquired resistance to HSV replication, leading us to test agents that may overcome this obstacle. We found that, despite showing no effect on HSV replication in tumor cells fully permissive to the virus growth, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin markedly increased the yield and dissemination of oncolytic HSVs in semipermissive tumor cells. Similar results were obtained in tumor-bearing mice. Co-administration of rapamycin with an HSV-derived oncolytic virus either blocked or reversed the growth of tumor xenografts established from semipermissive human tumor cells, while use of either agent alone produced only transient inhibitory effect. Together, our results suggest that rapamycin could be used to potentiate the activity of oncolytic HSVs against difficult-to-treat human tumors or perhaps to prevent the emergence of resistant tumor cells during virotherapy.
The Regulation of Neovascularization by Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors (1997)

The process of new capillary formation from preexisting vessels, angiogenesis, is a complex physiological event which is strictly controlled, occurring only very rarely under normal conditions. In contrast, there are a number of serious diseases, among them solid tumor growth, rheumatoid arthritis and several eye diseases, which are characterized by unrestricted new capillary growth and which are described as "angiogenic diseases." One of the key events required for successful angiogenesis is extracellular proteolysis. Increased attention has been focused on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of enzymes whose activity is a rate-limiting step in extracellular matrix remodeling. This review will present the accumulating body of evidence, from a number of laboratories, which documents the important role of MMP activity in the regulation of angiogenesis. Taken together, these data suggest that one strategy for controlling the deregulated angiogenesis characteristic of these serious angiogenic diseases may be one which is operative at the level of the control of MMP activity.
THE INFLUENCE OF N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION AND BINDING PROTEIN (BiP) ASSOCIATION IN THE SECRETION EFFICIENCY OF COMPLEX GLYCOPROTEINS (1987)

We have studied the role of Binding Protein (BiP) or glucose regulated protein, GRP 78) in the processing and secretion of factor VIII (fVIII), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and tissue plasminogen activator(tPA) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines.fVIII is a 300 kDa protein which has a heavily glycosylated internal domain containing 20 clustered potential N-linked glycosylation sites.A significant proportion of the expressed fVIII is bound to BiP in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a stable complex andnever secreted. Deletion of the heavily glycosylatedregion results in a lesser degree of association with BiP and increased secretion. Tunicamycin treatmentof cells producing the deleted form of fVIII resultsin stable association of the unglycosylated fVIII with BiP and inhibition of efficient secretion. vWF contains 17 potential N-linked glycosylation sites which are scattered throughout the molecule. vWF is transiently associated with BiP in the ER, demonstrating that CHO cells are competent to saecrete a complex glycoprotein. tPA, which contains 3 utilized N-linked glycosylation sites, exhibits low level association with BiP and is efficiently secreted. Disruptionof normal N-linked glycosylation of tPA, by site directed mutagenesis of the 3 Asn residues to Gin residues or by tunicamycin treatment of the tPA expressing CHO cells, results in reduced levels of secretion and increased association with BiP. This effect is enhanced by high levels of expression. The findings suggest that occupancy of glycosylation sites may effect protein folding and alter secretion efficiency by influencing the extent and stability of association with BiP.
Effect of Fixation and Epitope Retrieval on BrdU Indices in Mammary Carcinomas (2000)

Studies in which 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) is used to quantify rates of cell proliferation are conducted prospectively. Therefore, the opportunity exists to select conditions that optimize detection of the BrdU epitope. The objective of this study was to quantify the extent to which the BrdU epitope was masked by formalin vs methacarn fixation in the assessment of cell proliferation. Mammary carcinomas from animals pulse-labeled with BrdU were trisected. A portion was frozen and the remaining two portions were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin or methacarn for 24 hr, processed, embedded in paraffin, and sections stained for incorporated BrdU using a peroxidase immunohistochemical staining technique. Antigen retrieval techniques also were applied to formalin-fixed sections. Fixation in methacarn gave the highest labeling index (16.4%), which was comparable to that observed in unfixed frozen sections (17.5%). Formalin fixation alone dramatically suppressed the labeling index (0.3%), which was only partially recovered using various antigen retrieval techniques (2.1-8.1%). Methacarn fixation is recommended for prospective studies in which BrdU detection is planned because of the quantitative recovery of epitope and the simplicity of the approach.
Accelerating Neural Architecture Search using Performance Prediction (2017)

Methods for neural network hyperparameter optimization and meta-modeling are computationally expensive due to the need to train a large number of model configurations. In this paper, we show that standard frequentist regression models can predict the final performance of partially trained model configurations using features based on network architectures, hyperparameters, and time-series validation performance data. We empirically show that our performance prediction models are much more effective than prominent Bayesian counterparts, are simpler to implement, and are faster to train. Our models can predict final performance in both visual classification and language modeling domains, are effective for predicting performance of drastically varying model architectures, and can even generalize between model classes. Using these prediction models, we also propose an early stopping method for hyperparameter optimization and meta-modeling, which obtains a speedup of a factor up to 6x in both hyperparameter optimization and meta-modeling. Finally, we empirically show that our early stopping method can be seamlessly incorporated into both reinforcement learning-based architecture selection algorithms and bandit based search methods. Through extensive experimentation, we empirically show our performance prediction models and early stopping algorithm are state-of-the-art in terms of prediction accuracy and speedup achieved while still identifying the optimal model configurations.
Directed evolution of adeno-associated virus to an infectious respiratory virus (2009)

Respiratory viruses evolve to maintain infectivity levels that permit spread yet prevent host and virus extinction, resulting in surprisingly low infection rates. Respiratory viruses harnessed as gene therapy vectors have illustrated this limitation. We used directed evolution in an organotypic human airway model to generate a highly infectious adeno-associated virus. This virus mediated gene transfer more than 100-fold better than parental strains and corrected the cystic fibrosis epithelial Cl(-) transport defect. Thus, under appropriate selective pressures, viruses can evolve to be more infectious than observed in nature, a finding that holds significant implications for designing vectors for gene therapy and for understanding emerging pathogens.
The relationship of singular value decomposition to wave-vector filtering in sound radiation problems (1990)

Singular value decomposition (SVD) has recently been suggested as a filtering tool to analyze acoustic radiation. The relationship between this filtering technique and the more familiar wave vector filtering is examined. For a geometry with a preferred axis, the source ‘‘modes’’ are found to consist approximately of a single wave number, and the accompanying radiation modes are thus beams. Some simple examples are worked out to illustrate the general behavior of the filtering, and some of the properties of the beams are given.
Message-Passing Receiver Design for Joint Channel Estimation and Data Decoding in Uplink Grant-Free SCMA Systems (2018)

The conventional grant-based network relies on the handshaking between the base station and active devices to achieve dynamic multi-user scheduling, which may result in large signaling overheads as well as system latency. To address those problems, a grant-free receiver design is considered in this paper based on sparse code multiple access (SCMA), one of the promising air interface technologies for 5G wireless networks. With the presence of unknown multipath fading, the proposed receiver performs joint channel estimation and data decoding without knowing the user activity in the network. Formulating a factor graph representation for the problem, we devise a message-passing receiver for the uplink SCMA that performs joint estimation iteratively. Motivated by the idea of approximate inference, we use expectation propagation to project the intractable distributions into Gaussian families such that a linear complexity decoder is obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed receiver can detect active devices in the network with a high accuracy and can achieve an improved bit-error-rate performance compared with existing methods.
Ideology and Aims (1998)

Abstract The dominant ideological influence on the United Irish leaders was the British radical whig tradition. While this intellectual heritage spurred British radicals to demand reform of the existing system, it was eventually transformed, first by American colonists and then by Irish patriots, into full-fledged republicanism. The United Irishmen used the term ‘republican’ in both its moral and formal sense, a usage determined by the strategies available to them in restoring their constitution to the basic principles of a fair and equal representation. The ideas of reform as a restoration had pervaded the Volunteer agitation in Ireland in the early 1780s, when the return of the independence of the Irish legislature was demanded. The United Irishmen were petty-bourgeois revolutionaries. Their chief aims were popular self-government and economic liberation from England.
Layered neural nets for pattern recognition (1988)

A pattern recognition concept involving first an 'invariance net' and second a 'trainable classifier' is proposed. The invariance net can be trained or designed to produce a set of outputs that are insensitive to translation, rotation, scale change, perspective change, etc., of the retinal input pattern. The outputs of the invariance net are scrambled, however. When these outputs are fed to a trainable classifier, the final outputs are descrambled and the original patterns are reproduced in standard position, orientation, scale, etc. It is expected that the same basic approach will be effective for speech recognition, where insensitivity to certain aspects of speech signals and at the same time sensitivity to other aspects of speech signals will be required. The entire recognition system is a layered network of ADALINE neurons. The ability to adapt a multilayered neural net is fundamental. An adaptation rule is proposed for layered nets which is an extension of the MADALINE rule of the 1960s. The new rule, MRII, is a useful alternative to the backpropagation algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimizing linear counting queries under differential privacy (2010)

Differential privacy is a robust privacy standard that has been successfully applied to a range of data analysis tasks. But despite much recent work, optimal strategies for answering a collection of related queries are not known.