gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed analog achromatic intensity modulator (1994)

We report what is to our knowledge the first implementation of a broadband analog intensity modulator composed of two chiral smectic liquid-crystal half-wave retarders. A reflection-mode intensity modulator employing a single active device has also demonstrated achromatic transmission. A quantitative theory for chromatic compensation is presented. By optimum selection of liquid-crystal retardance and orientation, intensity transmission is uniform throughout the visible. The chiral smectic liquid-crystal devices used in the implementation are capable of switching in less than 20 micros.
Protection against Lethal Vaccinia Virus Challenge in HLA-A2 Transgenic Mice by Immunization with a Single CD8+T-Cell Peptide Epitope of Vaccinia and Variola Viruses (2004)

CD8(+) T lymphocytes have been shown to be involved in controlling poxvirus infection, but no protective cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes are defined for variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, or for vaccinia virus. Of several peptides in vaccinia virus predicted to bind HLA-A2.1, three, VETFsm(498-506), A26L(6-14), and HRP2(74-82), were found to bind HLA-A2.1. Splenocytes from HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice immunized with vaccinia virus responded only to HRP2(74-82) at 1 week and to all three epitopes by ex vivo enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay at 4 weeks postimmunization. To determine if these epitopes could elicit a protective CD8(+) T-cell response, we challenged peptide-immunized HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice intranasally with a lethal dose of the WR strain of vaccinia virus. HRP2(74-82) peptide-immunized mice recovered from infection, while naïve mice died. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells eliminated protection. Protection of HHD-2 mice, lacking mouse class I major histocompatibility complex molecules, implicates CTLs restricted by human HLA-A2.1 as mediators of protection. These results suggest that HRP2(74-82), which is shared between vaccinia and variola viruses, may be a CD8(+) T-cell epitope of vaccinia virus that will provide cross-protection against smallpox in HLA-A2.1-positive individuals, representing almost half the population.
Applications and advantages of virus‐induced gene silencing for gene function studies in plants (2004)

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a recently developed gene transcript suppression technique for characterizing the function of plant genes. The approach involves cloning a short sequence of a targeted plant gene into a viral delivery vector. The vector is used to infect a young plant, and in a few weeks natural defense mechanisms of the plant directed at suppressing virus replication also result in specific degradation of mRNAs from the endogenous plant gene that is targeted for silencing. VIGS is rapid (3-4 weeks from infection to silencing), does not require development of stable transformants, allows characterization of phenotypes that might be lethal in stable lines, and offers the potential to silence either individual or multiple members of a gene family. Here we briefly review the discoveries that led to the development of VIGS and what is known about the experimental requirements for effective silencing. We describe the methodology of VIGS and how it can be optimized and used for both forward and reverse genetics studies. Advantages and disadvantages of VIGS compared with other loss-of-function approaches available for plants are discussed, along with how the limitations of VIGS might be overcome. Examples are reviewed where VIGS has been used to provide important new insights into the roles of specific genes in plant development and plant defense responses. Finally, we examine the future prospects for VIGS as a powerful tool for assessing and characterizing the function of plant genes.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Treatment of Refractory Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease of the Liver (1992)

Therapy with UDCA was safe, well-tolerated, and efficacious in the short-term treatment of refractory chronic GVHD of the liver. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of UDCA therapy.
A SiGe Power Amplifier With Power Detector And VSWR Protection For TD-SCDMA Application (2006)

This paper demonstrates a silicon-germanium (SiGe) HBT power amplifier for time division synchronous code-division multiple-access (TD-SCDMA) application with a single positive 3.3V supply and fully integrated on-chip input and interstage matching network. For the code-division multiple-access environment, the power amplifier delivers 30dBm power output and provides power-added efficiency (PAE) of 34.8% and an adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) less than -35 dBc at 28 dBm. The power amplifier includes dynamic control bias circuits and a fully integrated power detector
Risk of Arterial Thrombotic Events in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2009)

Patients with IBD have a markedly increased risk of acute mesenteric ischemia. Subgroup analysis reveals that women over the age of 40 years with IBD are at increased risk of myocardial infarction, whereas those below the age of 40 years exhibit a two-fold higher risk for stroke. In contrast, men with IBD did not share these same risks for arterial thrombotic events.
The Effect of Human Cord Blood on SJL/J Mice after Chemoablation and Irradiation and its Possible Clinical Significance (1995)

There is evidence from the existing published literature that human umbilical cord blood, when used for purposes of bone marrow transplantation, does not necessarily have to be HLA matched in order to be efficacious. These reports include experimental observations on the ability of human umbilical cord blood to rescue lethally irradiated mice and clinical observations from China wherein HLA mismatched umbilical cord blood has been engrafted successfully in children with malignant disease. The study reported herein describes an experimental immunocompetent murine model to determine if human umbilical cord blood can be used to improve survival after chemoablation and irradiation. The animals received chemoablation followed by irradiation, and irradiation alone. The presence of human DNA in these mice following injection of human umbilical cord blood cells was determined, and the immunological status of the animals was evaluated. Animals receiving human umbilical cord blood cells after chemoablation and irradiation had a better mean survival at day 50 than animals receiving syngeneic marrow. Human DNA could be found in various organs, particularly the lung, spleen and liver of the mice for the first 30 days. Thereafter, human DNA became more difficult to detect but trace amounts of human DNA could be found up to one year later. The results of mixed lymphocyte reactions and phenotype analyses for murine T cell markers performed after injection of HUCB cells both indicated endogenous repopulation, and relatively intact immune systems in these mice. Since human umbilical cord blood allowed mice to survive the lethal effects of chemoablation plus irradiation, or irradiation alone, with reconstitution of the animals' own, relatively intact, immune systems, it would appear that HLA mismatched human umbilical cord blood could potentially be used as an adjuvant treatment for patients with advanced malignancies or other diseases for which hematopoietic reconstitution is indicated.
Y2-type receptors for peptide YY on renal proximal tubular cells in the rabbit (1989)

By means of primary cell cultures and luminal and basolateral membrane vesicles a single class of high-affinity binding sites for peptide YY (PYY), a member of the pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-fold family of peptides, was identified on the vascular side of the tubular epithelium in the proximal convoluted tubule of rabbit kidney. The binding of mono-iodinated radiolabeled PYY was inhibited equally well by PYY and neuropeptide Y (NPY), whereas the potency of the third member of the family, PP, was 10(5) times lower. Because NPY immunoreactive nerves in the mammalian kidney are confined to vascular smooth muscle cells and the juxtaglomerular apparatus, we propose that the physiological ligand for this binding site is blood-borne PYY. The kidney PYY receptor was sensitive to guanine nucleotides and could be classified as belonging to the Y2-subtype of NPY receptors, thus resembling in its binding characteristics the hippocampal NPY receptor. The high amounts of Y2-type PYY receptors present on the proximal tubule cell in rabbit kidney should permit studies on the functions and mechanisms of actions of PYY.
Proteinase activity in chondroitin lyase (chondroitinase) and endo-β-d-galactosidase (keratanase) preparations and a method to abolish their proteolytic effect on proteoglycan (1980)

Access to abortion services in the United States has become increasingly limited because of a decrease in rural hospital providers and a growing shortage of clinicians willing to offer this service. As of 1988, 83% of United States counties had no identified provider. The deficit in numbers of clinicians stems from the current imbalance between incentives and disincentives. The single most powerful incentive appears to be altruism. On the other hand, disincentives include poor pay, frequent harassment, low prestige, suboptimal working conditions, and tedium. In 1990 a symposium on abortion provision was held, sponsored by the National Abortion Federation and ACOG. Among the remedies suggested by the attendees were increasing the integration of abortion training into the mainstream of residency education, improving the pay and work environments for clinicians, and where feasible expanding the capacity of physician providers by using midlevel practitioners working under physician supervision.
Chemical & biochemical reactors & process control (1994)

Reactor Design - General Principles Flow Characteristics of Reactors - Flow Modelling Gas-Solid Reactions and Reactors Gas-Liquid and Gas-Liquid-Solid Reactors Biochemical Reaction Engineering Sensors for Measurement and Control Process Control Problems.
Detection of Fungal Organisms in Eosinophilic Mucin Using a Fluorescein‐Labeled Chitin‐Specific Binding Protein (2002)

The fluorescein-labeled chitinase-staining technique has greater sensitivity in detecting fungal organisms within eosinophilic mucin. Fungal organisms are present in the mucin of CRS patients.
DNA Sequence- and Structure-Selective Alkylation of Guanine N2 in the DNA Minor Groove by Ecteinascidin 743, a Potent Antitumor Compound from the Caribbean Tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata (1996)

Ecteinascidin 743 is one of several related marine alkaloids isolated from the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata. It is remarkably active and potent in a variety of in vitro and in vivo systems and has been selected for development as an anticancer agent. The present study investigates the interactions of ecteinascidin 743 with DNA. Ecteinascidin 743 retarded the electrophoretic migration of both supercoiled and relaxed simian virus 40 DNA even in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and after ethanol precipitation, consistent with covalent DNA modifications. Similar results were obtained in a DNA oligonucleotide derived from ribosomal DNA. However, DNA denaturation reversed the DNA modifications. The homopolymeric oligonucleotide dG/dC was modified while neither the dI/dC nor the dA/dT oligonucleotides were, consistent with covalent attachment of ecteinascidin 743 to the exocyclic amino group at position 2 of guanine. Ecteinascidin 743 was then compared to another known DNA minor groove alkylating agent, anthramycin, which has also been shown to alkylate guanine N2. Footprinting analyses with DNase I and 1,10-phenanthroline-copper and exonuclease III digestions showed that ecteinascidin 743 covers three to five bases of DNA and exhibits a different sequence specificity than anthramycin in the Escherichia coli tyrosine tRNA promoter (tyrT DNA). The binding of ecteinascidin to DNA was abolished when guanines were substituted with inosines in this promoter. A band shift assay was designed to evaluate the influence of the bases flanking a centrally located guanine in an oligonucleotide containing inosines in place of guanines elsewhere. Ecteinascidin 743 and anthramycin showed similarities as well as differences in sequence selectivity. Ecteinascidin 743-guanine adducts appeared to require at least one flanking guanine and were strongest when the flanking guanine was 3' to the targeted guanine. These data indicate that ecteinascidin 743 is a novel DNA minor groove, guanine-specific alkylating agent.
Immune interferon inhibits proliferation and induces 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells. (1989)

Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) contributes to formation of the complicated human atherosclerotic plaque. These lesions also contain macrophages, known to secrete SMC mitogens, and T lymphocytes. Many of the SMC in the lesions express class II major histocompatibility antigens, an indication that activated T cells secrete immune IFN-gamma locally in the plaque. We therefore studied the effect of IFN-gamma on the proliferation of cultured SMC derived from adult human blood vessels. IFN-gamma (1,000 U/ml) reduced [3H]thymidine (TdR) incorporation into DNA by SMC stimulated with the well-defined mitogens IL 1 (from 15.3 +/- 0.7 to 6.2 +/- 0.7 dpm X 10(-3)/24 h) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (from 18.5 +/- 1.0 to 7.3 +/- 0.7 dpm X 10(-3)/24 h). Kinetic and nuclear labeling studies indicated that this effect of IFN-gamma was not due to altered thymidine transport or specific radioactivity of TdR in the cell. In longer term experiments (4-16 d) IFN-gamma prevented net DNA accumulation by SMC cultures stimulated by PDGF. IFN-gamma also delayed (from 30 to 60 min) the time to peak level of c-fos RNA in IL 1-treated SMC. It is unlikely that cytotoxicity caused these effects of IFN-gamma, as the inhibition of growth was reversible and we detected no cell death in SMC cultures exposed to this cytokine. Activation of 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase gene expression may mediate certain antiproliferative and antiviral effects of interferons. Both IFN-gamma and type I IFNs (IFN-alpha or IFN-beta) induced 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase mRNA and enzyme activity in SMC cultures, but with concentration dependence and time course that may not account for all of IFN-gamma's cytostatic effect on SMC. The accumulation of SMC in human atherosclerotic lesions is a long-term process that must involve altered balance between growth stimulatory and inhibitory factors. The cytostatic effect of IFN-gamma on human SMC demonstrated here may influence this balance during human atherogenesis, because T cells present in the complicated atherosclerotic plaque likely produce this cytokine.
Molecular Correlates of Influenza A H5N1 Virus Pathogenesis in Mice (2000)

ABSTRACT Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 viruses caused an outbreak of human respiratory illness in Hong Kong. Of 15 human H5N1 isolates characterized, nine displayed a high-, five a low-, and one an intermediate-pathogenicity phenotype in the BALB/c mouse model. Sequence analysis determined that five specific amino acids in four proteins correlated with pathogenicity in mice. Alone or in combination, these specific residues are the likely determinants of virulence of human H5N1 influenza viruses in this model.
Preparation of aqueous magnetic liquids in alkaline and acidic media (1981)

The results of work on the preparation of aqueous magnetic liquids without using organic stabilizing agents is presented.
Identification of Yersinia species by the API 20E (1990)

A prospective study was performed to assess the effectiveness of the API 20E in the identification of 183 Yersinia isolates incubated at 28 degrees C for 18 to 24 h. The results showed an overall correct-identification rate of 90%, with positive predictive values for Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia frederiksenii of 94 and 92%, respectively. Yersinia intermedia results were unacceptable.
Isolation, characterization, and expression of mouse ICAM-2 complementary and genomic DNA (1992)

Intercellular adhesion molecule-2 (ICAM-2), a cell surface glycoprotein, is a second counter-receptor for lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1 (LFA-1). We report here the isolation and characterization of the cDNA and the gene that encode murine ICAM-2 (Accession numbers X65493 and X65490, respectively). The deduced sequence of the cDNA has 60% amino acid identity with its human counterpart and has the same expression pattern in cells and tissues. Furthermore, COS cells transfected with mouse ICAM-2 complementary and genomic DNA bind to purified human LFA-1, demonstrating the conservation of the function of ICAM-2 as a ligand for LFA-1 and conservation across species of sequences that are critical for binding to human LFA-1. COS cells transfected with the ICAM-2 cDNA do not react with mAb PA3, previously suggested to define ICAM-2 in the mouse. The mouse ICAM-2 gene was isolated and its structural organization determined. The gene is present in a single copy in the mouse genome and contains four exons spanning about 5.0 kb of DNA. The exon/intron architecture correlates to the structural domains of the protein and resembles that of other Ig superfamily members. The gene for ICAM-2, which is constitutively expressed in endothelial cells, has several conserved sequence motifs in its promoter region, including a direct repeat, and lacks transcription factor-binding sites present in the ICAM-1 gene, which is inducible in endothelial cells.
Association between serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors/CA 125 and disease progression in patients with epithelial ovarian malignancy (2004)

The observations made in the current study-that among patients with low or high CA 125 levels, those with high sTNFR-I levels and low sTNFR-II levels had the lowest risk, that patients with low-low or high-high sTNFR-I and sTNFR-II levels, respectively, had an intermediate risk, and that patients with low sTNFR-I levels and high sTNFR-II levels had the highest risk of progression-suggested the potential value of simultaneous assessment of all three biomarkers in patients with epithelial ovarian malignancies.
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of the mouse homologue of the KILLER/DR5 tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) death receptor. (1999)

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors are members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. TRAIL selectively kills cancer cells but not normal cells. We report here the cloning of the mouse homologue of the TRAIL receptor KILLER/DR5 (MK). The cDNA of MK is 1146 bp in length and encodes a protein of 381 amino acids. MK contains an extracellular cysteine-rich domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic death-domain characteristic of Fas, tumor necrosis factor, and human TRAIL receptors. MK is highly homologous and binds TRAIL with similar affinity as human DR4 and KILLER/DR5. MK induces apoptosis in mouse and human cells and inhibits colony growth of NIH3T3 cells. Expression of MK is p53-dependent and up-regulated by tumor suppressor p53 and by DNA damaging agents in mouse cells undergoing apoptosis. This is the first report describing a mouse TRAIL receptor gene and also demonstrating that the p53-dependent regulation of KILLER/DR5-mediated apoptosis is conserved between human and mouse.
Flexible graphene-based lithium ion batteries with ultrafast charge and discharge rates (2012)

There is growing interest in thin, lightweight, and flexible energy storage devices to meet the special needs for next-generation, high-performance, flexible electronics. Here we report a thin, lightweight, and flexible lithium ion battery made from graphene foam, a three-dimensional, flexible, and conductive interconnected network, as a current collector, loaded with Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) and LiFePO(4), for use as anode and cathode, respectively. No metal current collectors, conducting additives, or binders are used. The excellent electrical conductivity and pore structure of the hybrid electrodes enable rapid electron and ion transport. For example, the Li(4)Ti(5)O(12)/graphene foam electrode shows a high rate up to 200 C, equivalent to a full discharge in 18 s. Using them, we demonstrate a thin, lightweight, and flexible full lithium ion battery with a high-rate performance and energy density that can be repeatedly bent to a radius of 5 mm without structural failure and performance loss.
cloche, an early acting zebrafish gene, is required by both the endothelial and hematopoietic lineages (1995)

Endothelial and hematopoietic cells appear synchronously on the extra-embryonic membranes of amniotes in structures known as blood islands. This observation has led to the suggestion that these two ventral lineages share a common progenitor. Recently, we have shown in the zebrafish, Danio rerio, that a single cell in the ventral marginal zone of the early blastula can give rise to both endothelial and blood cells as well as to other mesodermal cells (Stainier, D. Y. R., Lee, R. K. and Fishman, M. C. (1993). Development 119, 31-40; Lee, R. K. K., Stainier, D. Y. R., Weinstein, B. M. and Fishman, M. C. (1994). Development 120, 3361-3366). Here we describe a zebrafish mutation, cloche, that affects both the endothelial and hematopoietic lineages at a very early stage. The endocardium, the endothelial lining of the heart, is missing in mutant embryos. This deletion is selective as evidenced by the presence of other endothelial cells, for example those lining the main vessels of the trunk. Early cardiac morphogenesis proceeds normally even in the absence of the endocardium. The myocardial cells form a tube that is demarcated into chambers, beats rhythmically, but exhibits a reduced contractility. This functional deficit is likely due to the absence of the endocardial cells, although it may be a direct effect of the mutation on the myocardial cells. Cell transplantation studies reveal that the endothelial defect, i.e. the endocardial deletion, is a cell-autonomous lesion, consistent with the possibility that cloche is part of a signal transduction pathway. In addition, the number of blood cells is greatly reduced in cloche mutants and the hematopoietic tissues show no expression of GATA-1 or GATA-2, two key hematopoietic transcription factors that are first expressed during early embryogenesis. These results show that cloche is involved in the genesis and early diversification of the endothelial and blood lineages, possibly by affecting a common progenitor cell population.
Autonomous driving in a multi-level parking structure (2009)

Recently, the problem of autonomous navigation of automobiles has gained substantial interest in the robotics community. Especially during the two recent DARPA grand challenges, autonomous cars have been shown to robustly navigate over extended periods of time through complex desert courses or through dynamic urban traffic environments. In these tasks, the robots typically relied on GPS traces to follow pre-defined trajectories so that only local planners were required. In this paper, we present an approach for autonomous navigation of cars in indoor structures such as parking garages. Our approach utilizes multi-level surface maps of the corresponding environments to calculate the path of the vehicle and to localize it based on laser data in the absence of sufficiently accurate GPS information. It furthermore utilizes a local path planner for controlling the vehicle. In a practical experiment carried out with an autonomous car in a real parking garage we demonstrate that our approach allows the car to autonomously park itself in a large-scale multi-level structure.