gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diary of a Country Priest: The Transcendent on Film (2006)

Recognized as a masterpiece of French cinema, Robert Bresson's Diary of a Country Priest (1951) dramatizes a young priest's encounters with grace during the months he spends in his first parish in the rural village of Ambricourt. During this time, the priest keeps a journal in which he records both the outer events of his life in Ambricourt and his inner experiences of a transcendent reality. The art of this film lies in its dramatization of these mystical experiences, making viewing the film a spiritual experience for many viewers.
Antibody-driven design of a human cytomegalovirus gHgLpUL128L subunit vaccine that selectively elicits potent neutralizing antibodies (2014)

The use of neutralizing antibodies to identify the most effective antigen has been proposed as a strategy to design vaccines capable of eliciting protective B-cell immunity. In this study, we analyzed the human antibody response to cytomegalovirus (human cytomegalovirus, HCMV) infection and found that antibodies to glycoprotein (g)B, a surface glycoprotein that has been developed as a HCMV vaccine, were primarily nonneutralizing. In contrast, most of the antibodies to the complex formed by gH, gL, protein (p)UL128, pUL130, and pUL131 (the gHgLpUL128L pentamer) neutralized HCMV infection with high potency. Based on this analysis, we developed a single polycistronic vector encoding the five pentamer genes separated by "self-cleaving" 2A peptides to generate a stably transfected CHO cell line constitutively secreting high levels of recombinant pentamer that displayed the functional antigenic sites targeted by human neutralizing antibodies. Immunization of mice with the pentamer formulated with different adjuvants elicited HCMV neutralizing antibody titers that persisted to high levels over time and that were a hundred- to thousand-fold higher than those found in individuals that recovered from primary HCMV infection. Sera from mice immunized with the pentamer vaccine neutralized infection of both epithelial cells and fibroblasts and prevented cell-to-cell spread and viral dissemination from endothelial cells to leukocytes. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from immunized mice showed the same potency as human antibodies and targeted the same as well as additional sites on the pentamer. These results illustrate with a relevant example a general and practical approach of analytic vaccinology for the development of subunit vaccines against complex pathogens.
The application of Single photon emission computed tomography to the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis of the spine (1984)

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) has been used to examine the spine in a prospective long-term study with the aim of assessing the value of bone scintigraphy in the detection and diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Sites of increased uptake of 99Tcm-MDP were observed in three of the eleven patients examined so far. By carefully optimising the SPECT system (rotating gamma camera), as well as the examination procedure, with respect to high spatial resolution, it was possible to relate these sites precisely to anatomical sites in sectional images of the spine. The advantages of SPECT are demonstrated in all three cases in which the areas of increased uptake in sagittal and transverse sections can be related to specific anatomical sites of the spine characteristically affected by AS. The findings in each of these cases are quite distinct from those of a normal case and correlate with the radiographic appearances. It is concluded that SPECT will make it easier to observe, localise and evaluate regions of increased uptake in patients with AS compared with conventional scintigraphy.
Ganglioside GM3:GD3 ratio as an index for the management of melanoma (1991)

This report evaluates the relevance of the ratio of the melanoma-associated ganglioside, GD3, and its precursor, GM3, to prognosis and management of Stage II disease. Tumor biopsy specimens from 42 melanoma patients were examined for the ratio and found that GD3 and GM3 constitute 80% of the total lipid bound sialic acids (LBSA) of melanoma. Although the ratio of GM3:GD3 in melanocytes, the progenitors of melanoma, is 19:1 (based on %LBSA), it ranged from 15:1 to 1:5 in tumor biopsy specimens. Patients are categorized into three groups based on their GM3:GD3 ratio (%LBSA) of tumor tissues as Group I (ratio ranged from 15:1 to 1.5:1) (10 of 42), Group II (1.4:1 to 1:1.4) (13 of 42), and Group III (1:1.5 to 1:5) (19 of 42). When the overall survival of patients from the onset of Stage II disease was evaluated among different groups, patients belonging to Group I survived significantly longer than patients of Group II (P = 0.02) and Group III (P = 0.01). Interestingly, Group III expressed immunogenic gangliosides (GD2, GM2, and O-AcGD3) better than the other groups and may benefit more from therapies targeted against these gangliosides antigens. The results of this study indicate that GM3:GD3 ratio is an unusual but well-defined biochemical criteria that may be useful for prognosis and therapeutic management of the disease. Therefore, we propose a routine analysis of the GM3:GD3 ratio of tumors excised after surgery. Screening the ratio is feasible since melanoma expresses a simple profile of gangliosides unlike other forms of cancer.
Age-Dependent Spatial Memory Loss Can Be Partially Restored by Immune Activation (2008)

Aging is often associated with a decline in hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. Here, we show that functional cell-mediated immunity is required for the maintenance of hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. Sudden imposition of immune compromise in young mice caused spatial memory impairment, whereas immune reconstitution reversed memory deficit in immune-deficient mice. Analysis of hippocampal gene expression suggested that immune-dependent spatial memory performance was associated with the expression of insulin-like growth factor (Igf1) and of genes encoding proteins related to presynaptic activity (Syt10, Cplx2). We further showed that memory loss in aged mice could be attributed to age-related attenuation of the immune response and could be reversed by immune system activation. Homeostatic-driven proliferation of lymphocytes, which expands the existing T cell repertoire, restored spatial memory deficits in aged mice. Thus, our results identify a novel function of the immune system in the maintenance of spatial memory and suggest an original approach for arresting or reversing age-associated memory loss.
Exercise Cardiac Function in Endurance-Trained Males Versus Females (1998)

When ET men and women are matched for body mass, the gender difference in SVmax is reduced so that it is no longer statistically significant. However, there are still significant gender differences in Q, DFR, LVER, BV, and [Hb] that contribute to a higher VO2max (ml.kg-1.min-1) in ET men compared to women. To augment SVmax, women and men rely to a greater extent on diastolic filling than on left ventricular emptying.
Sequence variations of ABCB1, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, CREB1, CRHR1 and NTRK2: association with major depression and antidepressant response in Mexican-Americans (2009)

We studied seven genes that reflect events relevant to antidepressant action at four sequential levels: (1) entry into the brain, (2) binding to monoaminergic transporters, and (3) distal effects at the transcription level, resulting in (4) changes in neurotrophin and neuropeptide receptors. Those genes are ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), the noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin transporters (SLC6A2, SLC6A3 and SLC6A4), cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1), corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase type 2 receptor (NTRK2). Sequence variability for those genes was obtained in exonic and flanking regions. A total of 56 280 000 bp across were sequenced in 536 unrelated Mexican Americans from Los Angeles (264 controls and 272 major depressive disorder (MDD)). We detected in those individuals 419 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); the nucleotide diversity was 0.00054 + or - 0.0001. Of those, a total of 204 novel SNPs were identified, corresponding to 49% of all previously reported SNPs in those genes: 72 were in untranslated regions, 19 were in coding sequences of which 7 were non-synonymous, 86 were intronic and 27 were in upstream/downstream regions. Several SNPs or haplotypes in ABCB1, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, CREB1 and NTRK2 were associated with MDD, and in ABCB1, SLC6A2 and NTRK2 with antidepressant response. After controlling for age, gender and baseline 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D21) score, as well as correcting for multiple testing, the relative reduction of HAM-D21 score remained significantly associated with two NTRK2-coding SNPs (rs2289657 and rs56142442) and the haplotype CAG at rs2289658 (splice site), rs2289657 and rs2289656. Further studies in larger independent samples will be needed to confirm these associations. Our data indicate that extensive assessment of sequence variability may contribute to increase understanding of disease susceptibility and drug response. Moreover, these results highlight the importance of direct re-sequencing of key candidate genes in ethnic minority groups in order to discover novel genetic variants that cannot be simply inferred from existing databases.
Retroviral-Mediated Gene Transfer of Human Ornithine Transcarbamylase into Primary Hepatocytes of spf and spf-ash Mice (1992)

The sparse fur (spf) and the sparse fur/abnormal skin and hair (spf-ash) mice are two murine models of the human X-linked disorder ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. A defective recombinant retrovirus, delta N2OTC was used to transduce primary hepatocytes derived from these mutant animals. Transduction of the primary cultures was highly efficient, with an average proviral copy number of 0.5-2 per cell in the population of transduced hepatocytes. Northern analysis and slot blots of total RNA isolated from transduced cells showed levels of human OTC mRNA to be equivalent to that present in normal human liver. Enzymatic assays demonstrated that a partial biochemical correction of the defect was achieved. After retroviral transduction, the hepatocytes were trypsinized and replated for long-term culture. Viability after replating exceeded 90%, indicating that the transduced cells might be useful for transplantation. The successful in vitro correction of OTC deficiency by this vector suggests that it will also be useful in somatic gene therapy experiments.
Complete Identification Methods for the Causal Hierarchy (2007)

We consider a hierarchy of queries about causal relationships in graphical models, where each level in the hierarchy requires more detailed information than the one below. The hierarchy consists of three levels: associative relationships, derived from a joint distribution over the observable variables; cause-effect relationships, derived from distributions resulting from external interventions; and counterfactuals, derived from distributions that span multiple "parallel worlds" and resulting from simultaneous, possibly conflicting observations and interventions. We completely characterize cases where a given causal query can be computed from information lower in the hierarchy, and provide algorithms that accomplish this computation. Specifically, we show when effects of interventions can be computed from observational studies, and when probabilities of counterfactuals can be computed from experimental studies. We also provide a graphical characterization of those queries which cannot be computed (by any method) from queries at a lower layer of the hierarchy.
An in vivo model for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (1985)

In recent years, the successful grafting of human tumors into immune deprived animals has spurred the hopes of developing a reliable in vivo model for evaluation of human cancer. The nude mouse has created new perspectives in many different areas of cancer research, and has proved to be the most useful recipient of any animal system for tumor heterotransplantation. This study determined which of several squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines would reproducibly grow as heterotransplants in nude mice, and allowed an opportunity to determine whether characteristics of the tumor changed as a result of propagation in tissue culture. Sixteen (76%) of the 21 SCC lines heterotransplanted in nude mice remained as viable tumor nodules. Nine (43%) of these lines reproducibly produced progressively enlarging tumor masses. Five (24%) SCC lines failed to grow as heterotransplants. The average lag phase between implantation and the beginning of growth for all SCC lines tested was approximately 7 weeks and emphasizes the need for prolonged observation of nude mice following SCC heterotransplantation. The rate and pattern of growth of SCC in nude mice appears to be related specifically to the tumorigenic factors of a given cell line. The concurrent presence of other SCC or non-SCC tumors in a given mouse do not appear to influence the growth of a specific cell line. In addition, specific host factors that might vary from one mouse to another did not alter the growth patterns of SCC. Histological examination of the SCC lines successfully heterotransplanted in nude mice showed similar histological appearances to the original tumor in the human host.
Mutagenic properties of allylic and α,β-unsaturated compounds: Consideration of alkylating mechanisms (1982)

1. Allyl and allylic compounds may exert alkylating activities by SN1, SN2 and SN2' mechanisms. This direct alkylating potential can be determined quantitatively by a modified 4-NBP (4-nitrobenzyl pyridine) test. 2. The alkylating activities in a systematically selected series of allyl and allylic compounds correlate well with the direct mutagenic potential as determined in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 as tester strain. 3. The allylic structure is a prerequisite for these types of activities since structurally related molecules lacking the allylic moiety are inactive in this respect. 4. The potency of both the alkylating and mutagenic activity is determined by the strength of the leaving group: --OSO2CH3 greater than I greater than Br greater than Cl greater than--NCS. 5. Indirect mutagenicity, through metabolic activation of the olefinic bond (by addition of S9 mix to the tester medium), can be ruled out for practically all compounds, the only exception found being 2,3-dichloro-1-propene where an increase of mutagenicity is encountered after addition of S9 mix; mechanistic explanations for this exception are provided. 6. Analogous activation is demonstrated for benzyl halides, the alkylating potency of which is even higher than that of genuine allylic compounds. 7. A variety of methyl- and chlorine-substituted allyl compounds has been included in the study: both groups increase activity, either by +I (CH3) or by +M effects (Cl). 8. alpha, beta-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds, e.g. acrolein and crotonaldehyde, also display direct mutagenic activity which is due to a completely different mechanism: covalent binding to nucleophilic sites of DNA bases by Michael addition. Methyl and other alkyl substitutions decrease the mutagenic potential in this type of compound. The corresponding alcohols, also displaying mutagenic activity but to a lesser degree, are metabolically activated by ADH (alcohol dehydrogenase) of the tester strain microbes to the aldehydes or ketones.
JAK2 Exon 12 Mutations in Polycythemia Vera and Idiopathic Erythrocytosis (2007)

JAK2 exon 12 mutations define a distinctive myeloproliferative syndrome that affects patients who currently receive a diagnosis of polycythemia vera or idiopathic erythrocytosis.
Early Phenotypic Changes in Transgenic Mice That Overexpress Different Mutants of Amyloid Precursor Protein in Brain (1999)

Transgenic mice overexpressing different forms of amyloid precursor protein (APP), i.e. wild type or clinical mutants, displayed an essentially comparable early phenotype in terms of behavior, differential glutamatergic responses, deficits in maintenance of long term potentiation, and premature death. The cognitive impairment, demonstrated in F1 hybrids of the different APP transgenic lines, was significantly different from nontransgenic littermates as early as 3 months of age. Biochemical analysis of secreted and membrane-bound APP, C-terminal "stubs," and Abeta(40) and Abeta(42) peptides in brain indicated that no single intermediate can be responsible for the complex of phenotypic dysfunctions. As expected, the Abeta(42) levels were most prominent in APP/London transgenic mice and correlated directly with the formation of amyloid plaques in older mice of this line. Plaques were associated with immunoreactivity for hyperphosphorylated tau, eventually signaling some form of tau pathology. In conclusion, the different APP transgenic mouse lines studied display cognitive deficits and phenotypic traits early in life that dissociated in time from the formation of amyloid plaques and will be good models for both early and late neuropathological and clinical aspects of Alzheimer's disease.
Rat adjuvant arthritis as a model to test potential antirheumatic agents. (1983)

Adjuvant arthritis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a subcutaneous injection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sterile paraffine oil into the base of the tail. The effects of the immunomodulating drugs N-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4-chloroanthranilic acid disodium (CCA), d-penicillamine and thiabendazole were compared to those of the anti-inflammatory drugs indomethacin, tolfenamic acid and prednisolone. All the anti-inflammatory drugs were highly protective. Of the immunomodulating drugs thiabendazole also showed dose-related inhibitory effect. CCA had only a negligible effect and d-penicillamine enhanced the activity of the arthritic syndrome. An aggravation of the arthritis also occurred after pretreatment with d-penicillamine for 30 days before the induction of arthritis. The complement inhibiting agents epsilon aminocaproic acid and heparin enhanced the symptoms of the adjuvant arthritis as did d-penicillamine. We suggest that the effects of the immunomodulating drugs are dependent on the dose used and the stage of the disease at the beginning of treatment.
Artificial and Bioartificial Liver Support (2008)

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a widespread problem with an unfavorable prognosis. Currently, liver transplantation is the only direct means of treatment for patients in ALF. Due to the scarcity of donor organs, liver support technologies are being developed and clinically tested with the intent of supporting a patient in ALF until the patient regains native liver function or until a donor organ becomes available. Two major categories of devices are currently being tested. Artificial liver support is purely mechanical, including albumin dialysis. Bioartificial devices contain cellular material. No single system has reproducibly demonstrated improvement in patient mortality. However, with the advent of new technology and cell acquisition techniques, further randomized controlled trials will be necessary to determine the role of artificial and bioartificial liver support devices in the treatment of patients with ALF.
Reductive desorption of alkanethiolate monolayers at gold: a measure of surface coverage (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive desorption of alkanethiolate monolayers at gold: a measure of surface coverageMary M. Walczak, Darwin D. Popenoe, Randall S. Deinhammer, Brian D. Lamp, Chinkap Chung, and Marc D. PorterCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 11, 2687–2693Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00059a048https://doi.org/10.1021/la00059a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4097Altmetric-Citations497LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human Lumbar Vertebrae (1992)

This study details the quantitative three-dimensional surface anatomy of human lumbar vertebrae based on a study of 60 vertebrae. The two lower vertebrae (L4 and L5) appeared to be transitional toward the sacral region, whereas the upper two vertebrae (L1 and L2) were transitional toward the thoracic region. Means and standard errors of the means for linear, angular, and area dimensions of vertebral bodies, spinal canal, pedicle, pars interarticularis, spinous and transverse processes were obtained for all lumbar vertebrae. This information provides a better understanding of the spine, and allows for a more precise clinical diagnosis and surgical management of spinal problems. The information is also necessary for constructing accurate mathematical models of the human spine.
A methodology for the automatic construction of a hypertext for information retrieval (1993)

The papez addresses the problem of the automatic construction of a hyptext to be used for Information Retrieval (II?) purposes. The starting point is modelling a set of raw II? data by means of a conceptual schema. The conceptual schema produced for a specific Ill application domain provides the user with a frame of reference in the query formulation process. This schema can be implemented by means of a hypertext tool using a set of automatic techniques for the identification of nodes and links. The hypertext tool can be used for querying procesing, as an automatic tml of query expansion, and for browsing, enabling the user to query and move through the Et data using different levels of abstraction. This paper describa the modelling and design process and concentrates on the set of automatic techniques to be construction of the II? hypertext.
In-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of chemistry and growth in chemical vapor deposition (1995)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1995.