gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convenient Synthesis of 2,7-Naphthyridine Lophocladines A and B and their Analogues (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTConvenient Synthesis of 2,7-Naphthyridine Lophocladines A and B and their AnaloguesAo Zhang*†, Chunyong Ding‡, Chen Cheng†, and Qizheng Yao‡View Author Information Synthetic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203, and School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China 210009* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: +86-21-50806035 . Fax: +86-21-50806035.†Chinese Academy of Sciences.‡China Pharmaceutical University.Cite this: J. Comb. Chem. 2007, 9, 06, 916–919Publication Date (Web):October 10, 2007Publication History Received15 August 2007Published online10 October 2007Published inissue 1 November 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cc700135hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cc700135hbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1586Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Chemical synthesis,Cyclization,Halogenation,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Acute Knee Injury in a Rock Musician (1989)

A group of experts met to discuss a case from the North Sydney Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Centre. This case conference is part of a series featuring a variety of sports medicine topics.
Electrochemical oxidation of ethanol on thin coating of platinum based material on nickel support (2006)

For the development of cost effective direct alcohol fuel cells, the key point for anodic oxidation of ethanol is the search for a cheaper electrocatalyst which can effectively increase the current density and decrease the anodic overvoltage. In this respect, thin deposits of platinum and co-deposits of platinum and ruthenium on Ni- support from different baths, have been studied taking 1M ethanol in 1M NaOH solution. Polarization and chronopotentiometric studies indicate the intrinsic superiority of Ni/Pt-Ru electrodes over Ni/Pt and Ni electrodes, but the overall electrocatalytic activity of the coated electrodes follows the order: Ni/Pt(PVA) > Ni/Pt > Ni/Pt-Ru(PVA) > Ni/Pt-Ru > Ni, (where PVA is polyvinyl alcohol). An increase in the roughness factor due to smaller size (150nm) of deposit of Pt than co-deposit of Pt and Ru under the experimental deposition condition may be the cause of the above mentioned order. Steady state polarization, cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and SEM images have been used to correlate the catalytic activity of such electrodes with the characteristics of the deposits and surface morphology.
Detection of activated terminal complement (C5b-9) in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with central nervous system involvement of primary Sjogren's syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus. (1987)

We have examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for evidence of activation of the terminal pathway of complement. Fluid phase terminal complement complexes (SC5b-9), quantitated by ELISA, were detected in the CSF of 14 of 16 patients with SS and focal central nervous system (CNS) disease. Five of six SS patients without focal CNS disease but with psychiatric disease or cognitive dysfunction had detectable CSF SC5b-9, whereas two other SS patients without focal CNS or neuropsychiatric disease had no detectable CSF SC5b-9. Six of seven patients with SLE or SLE overlap syndrome with CNS involvement had CSF SC5b-9, whereas two patients with SLE without CNS involvement had no CSF SC5b-9. A subset of SS and SLE patients with CNS disease had SC5b-9 detected in CSF but not in serum. SC5b-9 was generally absent from the CSF of patients with noninflammatory CNS diseases. These findings demonstrate intrathecal activation of terminal complement in patients with CNS SS or CNS SLE, and suggest a role for terminal complement activation in the pathophysiology of CNS involvement in both SS and SLE.
Traumatic Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome: Current Management (2010)

Traumatic superior orbital fissure syndrome is an uncommon complication of craniomaxillofacial trauma with an incidence of less than 1%. The syndrome is characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, proptosis of eye, dilation and fixation of the pupil, and anesthesia of the upper eyelid and forehead. This article describes a detailed anatomy of the superior orbital fissure as it related to pathophysiology and clinical findings. Etiology and diagnosis are established after detailed physical and radiographic examination. On the basis of our clinical experience in the management of superior orbital fissure syndrome and from the data reported previously in the literature, an algorithm for treatment of traumatic superior orbital fissure syndrome including use of steroid, surgical decompression of superior orbital fissure, and reduction of concomitant facial fracture is presented and its rationale discussed.
CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizer Status Can Be Ruled Out by a Single Genotyping Assay for the −1584G Promoter Polymorphism (2003)

Accurate prediction of CYP2D6 phenotype from genotype data is important for many clinically relevant drugs. Genotyping strategies targeting allelic variants with diminished or no activity to identify poor metabolizers generally works well in Caucasian (1)(2)(3) and Asian (4)(5) populations, but we have had more limited success (i.e., poor concordance) in African Americans, even after extensive testing (6). For example, genotype analysis predicted poor metabolizer status (by Caucasian-derived antimode definition) in only 4 of 14 individuals, and many individuals predicted to be extensive metabolizers presented as “intermediate” metabolizers (6). A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the CYP2D6 promoter region (−1584G) has been reported to confer higher CYP2D6 activity in vivo than −1584C (7), possibly as a consequence of higher expression of CYP2D6 protein (8). This polymorphism was first associated with CYP2D6*2 alleles, and the CYP nomenclature committee subsequently assigned * 2[−1584G] as CYP2D6 * 2A (and noting that −1584G is probably found on all CYP2D6 * 2 alleles) and * 2[−1584C] as CYP2D6 * 41 , respectively (9). However, −1584G also appears to be linked with the functional CYP2D6 * 35 allele, which has been found in many duplication-negative “ultrarapid” metabolizers (10). For simplicity, we refer to the * 2[−1584G] allele cumulatively as CYP2D6 * 2 because our genotyping procedure does not differentiate among variants CYP2D6 * 2A through K . For reference, −1584G corresponds to −1496G in Ref. (7).

The goals of this investigation were ( a ) to explore whether −1584G is exclusively linked to functional allelic variants and hence would allow rapid “positive” identification of extensive metabolizers and reliably rule out poor metabolizer status, and ( b ) to reevaluate the genotype-to-phenotype correlation data in our Caucasian and African-American populations.

The use of patients’ DNA samples was approved by the Pediatric Institutional Review Board of Children’s Mercy …
Tumor signatures of PTHLH overexpression, high serum calcium, and poor prognosis were observed exclusively in clear cell but not non clear cell renal carcinomas (2014)

High serum calcium (Ca) due to aberrant secretion of tumor parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) is a well-known paraneoplastic sign and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the status of serum Ca and tumor PTHLH expression have not been verified using the 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) renal tumor classification. We retrospectively reviewed corrected serum Ca levels at initial onset (n = 683) and/or as of recurrence (n = 71) in patients with RCC. We also examined a total of 623 renal parenchymal tumor samples for PTHLH mRNA expressions by quantitative real-time PCR. High serum Ca concomitant with PTHLH overexpression in tumors was observed exclusively in clear cell RCC but not in other non clear cell subtype tumors, including papillary, chromophobe, collecting-duct, unclassified, and other rare subtype RCCs or in benign oncocytomas and angiomyolipomas. In clear cell RCC, PTHLH expression was significantly high in male patients, and was associated with a symptomatic presentation, higher grade, and higher stage cases, whereas it was not associated with VHL gene status. Univariate analyses demonstrated that high PTHLH expression was strongly associated with poor outcome both in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for patients who underwent standard nephrectomy. Further multivariate Cox analyses revealed that the PTHLH expressions remained as independent prognostic parameters for OS but not for DFS. These data suggest that the previously characterized tumor signatures of high serum Ca due to high PTHLH expression and poor prognosis are clear cell RCC-specific features, whereas these characteristics are rare in non clear cell RCCs.
From Cardiac Death to Brain Death, and Back Again (2010)

Originally, cadaveric transplantation came from donors whose hearts had stopped beating. Early protocols for donor surgery meant waiting for cardiac standstill. During the late 1960s and 1970s, following on from the work by the Harvard Ad Hoc Committee, brain death was established as a legal definition of death in many Western societies. By the late 1980s, cadaveric donation was mainly sourced from beating heart brain dead donors. In more recent years, however, there has been a swing back to donation after cardiac death donors. Whilst death is 'pronounced' or certified within a legal framework, the criteria for establishing that death has occurred has radically changed over time, as have the attitudes towards death and dying in Western society. The purpose of this paper is to explore the history of circulatory death and the evolution of brain death.
Hydrogels and Biodegradable Polymers for Bioapplications (1996)

Research on hydrogels has been geared toward biomedical applications from the beginning due to their relatively high biocompatibility. Initially only the hydrophilic nature and the large swelling properties of hydrogels was explored. Continued research on hydrogels has resulted in the development of new types of hydrogels, such as environment-sensitive hydrogels, thermoplastic hydrogels, hydrogel foams, and sol-gel phase-reversible hydrogels. Application of hydrogels ranges from biomedical devices to solute separation. Examples of hydrogel applications in pharmaceutics, biomaterials, and biotechnology are briefly described.
Scheduling MPEG-compressed video streams with firm deadline constraints (1995)

No abstract available.
Antibiotics for inflammatory bowel disease: do they work? (2005)

A growing amount of evidence indicates that the intestinal flora plays a pathogenic role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): hence, the use of anti-bacterial agents as ancillary treatment in patients with ulcerative colitis, or Crohn's disease. While the results with anti-tubercular agents remain inconclusive, antibiotic treatment in IBD is usually carried out with either metronidazole or ciprofloxacin, or both. Controlled trials are scarce and, although both antibiotics appear to provide clinical benefit, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn and precise therapeutic guidelines cannot be suggested. The best results are achieved in the long-term treatment of Crohn's disease and in the management of pouchitis, or of perianal Crohn's disease. Long-term tolerability of antibiotic treatment may be poor due to the appearance of systemic side-effects. The use of non-absorbable anti-bacterial agents such as rifaximin deserves further investigation.
Probing the structure of RNAs in solution (1987)

During these last years, a powerful methodology has been developed to study the secondary and tertiary structure of RNA molecules either free or engaged in complex with proteins. This method allows to test the reactivity of every nucleotide towards chemical or enzymatic probes. The detection of the modified nucleotides and RNase cleavages can be conducted by two different paths which are oriented both by the length of the studied RNA and by the nature of the probes used. The first one uses end-labeled RNA molecule and allows to detect only scissions in the RNA chain. The second approach is based on primer extension by reverse transcriptase and detects stops of transcription at modified or cleaved nucleotides. The synthesized cDNA fragments are then sized by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide:urea gels. In this paper, the various structure probes used so far are described, and their utilization is discussed.
Central nervous system perivascular cells are immunoregulatory cells that connect the CNS with the peripheral immune system (2001)

Perivascular cells are a heterogeneous population found in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Several terms are used for these cells, including perivascular cells, perivascular macrophages, perivascular microglia, fluorescent granular perithelial cells (FGP), or Mato cells. Different terminology used may reflect subpopulations of perivascular cells within different anatomic regions and experimental paradigms, neuropathological conditions, and species studied. Different terminology also points to the lack of clear consensus of what cells are perivascular cells in different disease states and models, especially with breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite this, there is consensus that perivascular cells, although a minor component of the CNS, are important immunoregulatory cells. Perivascular cells are bone marrow derived, continuously turn over in the CNS, and are found adjacent to CNS vessels. Thus, they are potential sensors of CNS and peripheral immune system perturbations; are activated in models of CNS inflammation, autoimmune disease, neuronal injury and death; and are implicated as phagocytic and pinocytotic cells in models of stroke and hypertension. Recent evidence from our laboratory implicate perivascular cells as primary targets of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in the CNS of humans and macaques. This article reviews current knowledge of perivascular cells, including anatomic location and nomenclature and putative immunoregulatory roles, and discusses new data on the infection of these cells by SIV, their accumulation after SIV infection, and a possible role of the immune system in SIV encephalitis.
A hypermutator phenotype attenuates the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes in a mouse model (2002)

The integrity of the genetic material of bacteria is guaranteed by a set of distinct repair mechanisms. The participation of these repair systems in bacterial pathogenicity has been addressed only recently. Here, we study for the first time the participation in virulence of the MutSL mismatch repair system of Listeria monocytogenes. The mutS and mutL genes, which are contiguous in the L. monocytogenes chromosome, were identified after in silico analysis. The deduced MutS shares 62% identity with MutS of Bacillus subtilis and 50% identity with HexA, its homologue in Streptococcus pneumoniae; MutL shares 59% identity with MutL of B. subtilis and 47% identity with HexB of S. pneumoniae. Functional analysis of the mutSL locus was studied by constructing a double knock-out mutant. We showed that the deletion DeltamutSL induces: (i) a 100- to 1000-fold increase in the spontaneous mutation rate; and (ii) a 10- to 15-fold increase in the frequency of transduction, thus demonstrating the role of mutSL of L. monocytogenes in both mismatch repair and homologous recombination. We found that the deletion DeltamutSL moderately affected bacterial virulence, with a 1-log increase in the lethal dose 50% (LD50) in the mouse. Strikingly, repeated passages of the mutant strain in mice reduced virulence further. Competition assays between wild-type and mutant strains showed that the deletion DeltamutSL reduced the capacity of L. monocytogenes to survive and multiply in mice. These results thus demonstrate that, for the intracellular pathogen L. monocytogenes, a hypermutator phenotype is more deleterious than profitable to its virulence.
Organic solute accumulation in osmotically stressed cyanobacteria (1986)

Three groups of cyanobacteria are recognized on the basis of their organic osmotica and upper salinity limit for growth. In general, the least halotolerant forms accumulate disaccharides, while cyanobacteria of intermediate halotolerance synthesize the heteroside glucosylglycerol and the most halotolerant isolates accumulate betaines in response to salt stress. However, certain strains also accumulate additional organic solutes, depending upon the growth temperature, the ambient salinity and the duration of salt stress.
Live, Attenuated Influenza A H5N1 Candidate Vaccines Provide Broad Cross-Protection in Mice and Ferrets (2006)

The promising findings in these preclinical studies of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the H5N1 ca vaccines against antigenically diverse H5N1 vaccines provide support for their careful evaluation in Phase 1 clinical trials in humans.
Biofilms on Medical Devices (2007)

Biofilm consists of microorganisms with altered phenotypes living in a self-organized, cooperative community attached to surfaces and each other and embedded in a self-produced matrix of exopolymer saccharides. Biofilms are relevant for home care and hospice clinicians because they are related to the majority of infectious diseases. Colonization of medical devices plays a key role in the problem of healthcare-associated infections. This article aims to provide an overview of the science of biofilms. Understanding biofilms and the risks associated with them is the first step toward prevention of biofilm formation and the potentially serious outcomes of infections.
Off-Line Coupling of Capillary Electrophoresis and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (1995)

An automated fraction collection interface is used in conjunction with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze material isolated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). CE fractions are deposited directly on the MALDI probes so that individual peaks from the electropherogram are associated with a single sample spot on the probe. MALDI matrices with high acid concentrations afford enhanced tolerance of electrophoresis buffers. The utility of this hybrid instrument is demonstrated by separation and mass analysis of a tryptic digest of cytochrome c and synthetic mixtures of four proteins. Mass assignments corresponding to the protonated molecular ions are in good agreement with those predicted from molecular structure. Miniaturization of the interface affords enhanced sensitivity, with good-quality spectra from separations of as little as 25 fmol of protein.
Acute exacerbations of asthma in adults: role of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection (1994)

Respiratory infections precipitate wheezing in many asthmatic patients and may be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of asthma. Several studies have demonstrated that viral infections may provoke asthma. Bacterial infections seem to play a minor role. However, Chlamydia pneumoniae has been recently reported as a possible cause of asthma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of C. pneumoniae infection in acute exacerbations of asthma in adults. Seventy four adult out-patients with a diagnosis of acute exacerbation of asthma were studied. Acute and convalescent (> or = 3 weeks) serological determination of antibodies to cytomegalovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1 and 3, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila were performed by means of immunofluorescence tests. C. pneumoniae specific antibodies were detected by two microimmunofluorescence tests using a specific antigen (TW-183) and a kit with three chlamydial antigens. Pharyngeal swab specimens were also obtained for C. pneumoniae identification. Samples for bacterial culture were obtained in patients with productive cough (15 out of 74 patients). Fifteen patients (20%) presented seroconversion to at least one of the studied pathogens. Seven were found to be infected by virus, six by C. pneumoniae alone, and one by M. pneumoniae. One more patient showed seroconversion to C. pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Randomized Dependence Coefficient (2013)

We introduce the Randomized Dependence Coefficient (RDC), a measure of non-linear dependence between random variables of arbitrary dimension based on the Hirschfeld-Gebelein-Rényi Maximum Correlation Coefficient. RDC is defined in terms of correlation of random non-linear copula projections; it is invariant with respect to marginal distribution transformations, has low computational cost and is easy to implement: just five lines of R code, included at the end of the paper.
The Paradox of US Language Policy and Japanese Language Education in Hawaii (1998)

Present American language policy recommends a subtractive policy of language assimilation for language minorities, while it encourages an additive policy of foreign language study for mainstream English monolinguals. This article examines how these two diverging principles of American language policy affect Japanese language education for Shin Nisei (new second generation Japanese) students in the US, especially in Hawaii. These principles are particularly relevant to Hawaii's Shin Nisei students; the state does not have a formal bilingual education programme that supports Japanese language maintenance,but itprovides extensive educationalopportunities for learning Japanese as a foreign language.First,this article discusses a recent trend in and political debate about bilingual education in American schools. Second, it reviews US foreign language education in general as well as Japanese language education in particular. Third, it examines how the paradox of American language policy influences Japanese language education in Hawaii. It includes the author's personal insights as a Japanese language teacher in Hawaii as well as a summary of data from her recent survey of Shin Nisei university students. Fourth, it emphasises how little attention teachers and researchers have paid to American Shin Nisei students in the past. It concludes with implications for Japanese language teachers and researchers in the US/Hawaii.