gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the study of non-covalent complexes: an emerging technology (1998)

The detection of non-covalent complexes in the mass range 19,000-34,000 Da, using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), is reviewed. The examples discussed include (1) a protein-ligand interaction (ras-GDP), (2) an inhibitor-protein-ligand interaction (SCH 54292/SCH 54341-ras-GDP), (3) a protein-protein interaction (gamma-IFN homodimer) and (4) a protein-metal complex [HCV (1-181)-Zn]. In each case, the ESI-MS method is capable of releasing the intact non-covalent complex from its native solution state into the gas phase in the form of multiply-charge ions. The molecular masses of these complexes were determined with a mass accuracy of better than 0.01%, which is far superior to the traditional methods of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel permeation chromatography. The method provides the researcher with a quick, reliable and reproducible method for probing difficult biological problems. The key to success in the study of non-covalent complexes depends on careful understanding and manipulation of ESI source parameters and sample solution conditions; special care must be taken with the source orifice potential and the solution pH and organic co-solvents must be avoided. This paper also illustrates the usefulness of ESI-MS for addressing biological problems leading to the discovery of new therapeutics; the approach involves the rapid screening of potential drug candidates, such as weakly bound inhibitors.
Spectral Analysis and Cross-Correlation Techniques for Photon Counting Measurements on Fluid Flows (1975)

Photon counting techniques for the measurement of turbulent fluid flows are analyzed, and it is shown that considerable errors can result if conventional Fourier methods are used to transform count correlation records from LDV systems onto the frequency domain. Two alternative schemes are presented that overcome this difficulty. The first involves the use of high resolution spectral techniques to transform count autocorrelation records, and the second makes use of the count cross-correlation between signals from two detectors. A theoretical analysis is presented for the count cross-correlation process, and experiments in air flow show turbulence levels predicted by the two methods to be in close agreement.
An optimized single-phase AC power supply with DC bus synchronization (2002)

In this paper, a new control technique for a single-phase AC power supply system is presented. By synchronizing the AC output with the DC bus ripple, only a very small DC bus capacitor is required. This improves the power factor and the quality of the input current. In addition, a simple voltage integral control technique is introduced to control the PWM inverter. The performance of the system is analyzed and results are verified through experimental setup.
Multigene real-time PCR detection of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. (2006)

These data indicate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of a multigene real-time RT-PCR assay to detect tumor cells in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients.
Structure and thermal stability of Ni/Si 1- x Ge x contacts for VLSI applications (2000)

The sheet resistance of Si1-xGex film is measured using the four-point probe method and is shown to remain stable at 350–600°C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis suggests that the phase of the contact formed at 450°C is Ni2(Si1-xGex) or a mixture of Ni2Si and Ni2Ge, but that a mixture of silicide and germanium is formed at 250°C.
Effects of brequinar and ciprofloxacin on de novo nucleotide biosynthesis in mouse L1210 leukemia. (1990)

Exposure of mouse L1210 leukemia cells to 25 microM brequinar for 4 h results in large accumulations of N-carbamyl-L-aspartate and L-dihydroorotate to cellular concentrations of 8.5 mM and 0.8 mM, respectively, while UTP and CTP decrease to 4% of their initial levels; incorporation of [14C]bicarbonate into nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) was decreased to 47%. These data provide direct evidence for inhibition of DHO dehydrogenase by brequinar in growing cells. Exposure of leukemia cells to 200 microM ciprofloxacin for 4 h did not affect de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis or the incorporation of [14C]bicarbonate into nucleic acids but resulted in a general decrease in nucleoside triphosphates, with concomitant accumulation of nucleoside mono- and diphosphates (the adenylate energy charge decreased from 0.89 to 0.69), consistent with inhibition of the electron transport chain or uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.
Improving immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines for genital herpes containing herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D (2014)

No vaccines are approved for prevention or treatment of genital herpes. The focus of genital herpes vaccine trials has been on prevention using herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D (gD2) alone or combined with glycoprotein B. These prevention trials did not achieve their primary end points. However, subset analyses reported some positive outcomes in each study. The most recent trial was the Herpevac Trial for Women that used gD2 with monophosphoryl lipid A and alum as adjuvants in herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 seronegative women. Unexpectedly, the vaccine prevented genital disease by HSV-1 but not HSV-2. Currently, HSV-1 causes more first episodes of genital herpes than HSV-2, highlighting the importance of protecting against HSV-1. The scientific community is conflicted between abandoning vaccine efforts that include gD2 and building upon the partial successes of previous trials. We favor building upon success and present approaches to improve outcomes of gD2-based subunit antigen vaccines.
Developmental expression and possible role of perinuclear theca proteins in mammalian spermatozoa (1995)

Reproduction, Fertility and Development is an international journal publishing original research , review and comment in the fields of reproduction and developmental biology in humans, domestic animals and wildlife
Associative Odor Learning in Drosophila Abolished by Chemical Ablation of Mushroom Bodies (1994)

The corpora pedunculata, or mushroom bodies (MBs), in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster adults consist of approximately 2500 parallel Kenyon cell fibers derived from four MB neuroblasts. Hydroxyurea fed to newly hatched larvae selectively deletes these cells, resulting in complete, precise MB albation. Adult flies developing without MBs behave normally in most respects, but are unable to perform in a classical conditioning paradigm that tests associative learning of odor cues and electric shock. This deficit cannot be attributed to reductions in olfactory sensitivity, shock reactivity, or locomotor behavior. The results demonstrate that MBs mediate associative odor learning in flies.
Generic Health Measurement: Past Accomplishments and a Measurement Paradigm for the 21st Century (1997)

Generic health surveys have been proposed for use in increasingly diverse applications and populations. This paper describes the history of generic tools in the past 30 years and suggests a more modern measurement platform for advances in the 21st century. Many generic tools lack the precision required for effective health care decision making. A meaningful goal for the next era of development of generic measures should be the generation of equiprecise measurement for generic health concepts. Equiprecise tests yield measures of equal precision at all levels of the underlying construct. Equiprecise measurement can be achieved through conjoint use of computerized-adaptive testing as the survey platform and item response theory as the measurement theory.
Botulinum toxin-a possible new treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis (1996)

The inhibitory action of botulinum toxin is not limited to the neuromuscular junction. The toxin also blocks the autonomic cholinergic fibres, including the sympathetic fibres to sweat glands. We have previously demonstrated that the toxin produces localized anhidrosis. To determine the dosage, pattern and duration of the anhidrotic effect of botulinum toxin and to test the efficacy of axillary injections, we further studied seven healthy volunteers. Two individuals had subcutaneous injections of botulinum toxin (20 mouse units, Dysport-Porton Products) in the dorsum of the hand. Five healthy volunteers had 15-50U of botulinum toxin A (Botox) injected in one axilla. A circular area of complete anhidrosis on the dorsum of the hand was evident on day 2 and persisted for 11 months. By day 3, two of the axillae (injected with 50 U each) were totally dry and in one (injected with 30 U) the sweating was substantially reduced. The effect persisted for 6-8 months before wearing off. No effect was appreciated in two axillae (injected with 15 and 20 U). No significant side-effects were encountered. Subcutaneous injections of botulinum toxin causes chemodenervation of the sweat glands. In normal individuals axillary sweating can be abolished by 50 U of botulinum toxin A (Botox). The results offer a possible novel treatment for severe cases of axillary hyperhidrosis.
Interleukin (IL)-23 mediates Toxoplasma gondii–induced immunopathology in the gut via matrixmetalloproteinase-2 and IL-22 but independent of IL-17 (2009)

Peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii leads to the development of small intestinal inflammation dependent on Th1 cytokines. The role of Th17 cells in ileitis is unknown. We report interleukin (IL)-23-mediated gelatinase A (matrixmetalloproteinase [MMP]-2) up-regulation in the ileum of infected mice. MMP-2 deficiency as well as therapeutic or prophylactic selective gelatinase blockage protected mice from the development of T. gondii-induced immunopathology. Moreover, IL-23-dependent up-regulation of IL-22 was essential for the development of ileitis, whereas IL-17 was down-regulated and dispensable. CD4(+) T cells were the main source of IL-22 in the small intestinal lamina propria. Thus, IL-23 regulates small intestinal inflammation via IL-22 but independent of IL-17. Gelatinases may be useful targets for treatment of intestinal inflammation.
Genetic requirements for mycobacterial survival during infection (2003)

Despite the importance of tuberculosis as a public health problem, we know relatively little about the molecular mechanisms used by the causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, to persist in the host. To define these mechanisms, we have mutated virtually every nonessential gene of M. tuberculosis and determined the effect disrupting each gene on the growth rate of this pathogen during infection. A total of 194 genes that are specifically required for mycobacterial growth in vivo were identified. The behavior of these mutants provides a detailed view of the changing environment that the bacterium encounters as infection proceeds. A surprisingly large fraction of these genes are unique to mycobacteria and closely related species, indicating that many of the strategies used by this unusual group of organisms are fundamentally different from other pathogens
Parallel Variable Distribution Algorithm for Constrained Optimization with Nonmonotone Technique (2013)

A modified parallel variable distribution (PVD) algorithm for solving large-scale constrained optimization problems is developed, which modifies quadratic subproblem<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math>at each iteration instead of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math>of the SQP-type PVD algorithm proposed by C. A. Sagastizábal and M. V. Solodov in 2002. The algorithm can circumvent the difficulties associated with the possible inconsistency of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math>subproblem of the original SQP method. Moreover, we introduce a nonmonotone technique instead of the penalty function to carry out the line search procedure with more flexibly. Under appropriate conditions, the global convergence of the method is established. In the final part, parallel numerical experiments are implemented on CUDA based on GPU (Graphics Processing unit).
Role of CD151, A tetraspanin, in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection (2007)

Based on our results, we suggest that CD151 should cooperate in PRRSV infection in vitro in MARC-145 and BHK-21 cells.
Granzyme A is critical for recovery of mice from infection with the natural cytopathic viral pathogen, ectromelia. (1996)

Cytolytic lymphocytes are of cardinal importance in the recovery from primary viral infections. Both natural killer cells and cytolytic T cells mediate at least part of their effector function by target cell lysis and DNA fragmentation. Two proteins, perforin and granzyme B, contained within the cytoplasmic granules of these cytolytic effector cells have been shown to be directly involved in these processes. A third protein contained within these granules, granzyme A, has so far not been attributed with any biological relevance. Using mice deficient for granzyme A, we show here that granzyme A plays a crucial role in recovery from the natural mouse pathogen, ectromelia, by mechanisms other than cytolytic activity.
Long-Term Anatomic Fate of Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafts and Functional Status of Patients Five Years after Operation (1978)

To assess long-term results, coronary and graft angiography was performed 53 to 84 months after operation in 22 of 30 consecutive patients who had undergone coronary-artery bypass grafting before 1973, and who had at least one graft patent at an early (three to nine months) postoperative study. Of the 33 grafts, 31 were patent at late study. All patients had severe symptoms before operation. Of 16 who became asymptomatic early after operation, angina pectoris later redeveloped in 11. Progression of disease in ungrafted vessels accounted for symptomatic deterioration in nine of these 11 patients. We conclude that most grafts patent several months after operation remain so for at least 4 1/2 years, and that although most patients improve symptomatically after operation, symptomatic deterioration is common in the succeeding years and is most often due to progression of disease in ungrafted vessels.
Identical G+1 to A mutations in three different introns of the type III procollagen gene (COL3A1) produce different patterns of RNA splicing in three variants of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. IV. An explanation for exon skipping some mutations and not others. (1990)

Identical G+1 mutations in three different introns of the gene for type III procollagen (COL3A1) that cause aberrant splicing of RNA were found in three probands with life-threatening variants of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Because the three mutations were in a gene with multiple and homologous exons, they provided an interesting test for factors that influence aberrant splicing. The G+1 to A mutation in intron 16 caused extensive exon skipping, the G+1 to A mutation in intron 20 caused both use of a cryptic splice site and retention of all the intron sequences, and the G+1 to A mutation in intron 42 caused efficient use of a single cryptic splice site. The different patterns of RNA splicing were not explained by evaluation of potential cryptic splice sites in the introns by either their homology with 5'-splice sites from other genes or by their delta G(0)37 values for binding to U1 RNA. Instead, the results suggested that the patterns of aberrant RNA splicing were primarily determined by the relative rates at which adjacent introns were normally spliced.
Blocking the Apolipoprotein E/Amyloid-β Interaction Reduces Fibrillar Vascular Amyloid Deposition and Cerebral Microhemorrhages in TgSwDI Mice (2011)

The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides as toxic oligomers, amyloid plaques, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is critical in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The binding of Aβ peptides to apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays an important role in modulation of amyloid deposition and clearance. We have shown that blocking the Aβ/ApoE interaction with Aβ(12-28P), a nontoxic blood-brain-barrier permeable and non-fibrillogenic synthetic peptide, constitutes a novel therapeutic approach for AD by reducing Aβ parenchymal deposition. In the present study, we investigate this therapeutic effect on CAA in the transgenic (Tg) AD mice model (TgSwDI), which expresses Swedish (K670N/M671L), Dutch (E693Q)/Iowa (D694N) AβPP mutations. These mice develop abundant CAA beginning at the age of 6 months. Behavioral results show that Aβ(12-28P) treated TgSwDI AD mice performed the same as wild-type mice, whereas vehicle treated TgSwDI were impaired in spatial memory. Furthermore, this treatment resulted in a significant reduction of total amyloid burden, especially the fibrillar vascular amyloid burden, which importantly was accompanied by a reduction in microhemorrhages and neuroinflammation. Measurement of Aβ levels in the brain homogenate revealed a significant decrease in both the total amount of Aβ and Aβ oligomer levels in Aβ(12-28P) treated TgSwDI mice. These findings suggest that blocking the Aβ/ApoE interaction is a highly effective therapeutic approach for vascular amyloid deposition, in contrast to some other therapeutic approaches.
Low Urinarychiro-Inositol Excretion in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1990)

NIDDM is associated with decreased chiro-inositol excretion and decreased chiro-inositol content in muscle. These abnormalities seem to reflect the presence of insulin resistance in NIDDM:
Negative cyclotron mass Maser - a new type of smuconductor generator for millimeter and submillimeter wave range (2005)

A tunable stimulated emission in a wide wavelength range /spl lambda/ = 0.8+8 mm is observed in low-doped p-Ge in strong E RH fields. Physical principles of generation and its possible applications are discussed.
Polymer Based Nanostructured Donor-Acceptor Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices (2003)

Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices based on blends of conjugated polymers and fullerenes have achieved efficiencies of 3.5% under AM1.5 illumination. This is a result of efficient exciton dissociation at donoracceptor interfaces. However, the intimate blending of the electron and hole transporting species leads to detrimental charge carrier recombination in the bulk of these devices. We are investigating a solution to this problem by fabricating nanostructured oxideconjugated polymer composite structures. Porous SnO2 films with pore diameters of~100 nm have been fabricated. Intercalation of polymers into the pores by adsorption from solution yielded structures with approximately 75% of the free volume filled with polymer. The resulting composite structures are promising candidates for developing polymer-based solar cells with short carrier-to-electrode path lengths while retaining high optical absorption, thus leading to increased efficiencies. Additionally, a carboxylic acid fullerene derivative was shown to bind to the SnO2 surface, a necessary step in creating a nanostructured electron-accepting surface.
An immunohistochemical study of pi class glutathione S-transferase expression in normal human tissue. (1990)

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a family of isoenzymes that play an important role in protecting cells from cytotoxic and carcinogenic agents, can be separated by biochemical and immunologic characteristics into three distinct classes named alpha, mu, and pi. Previous studies have indicated that there is marked heterogeneity in the expression of different GST isoenzymes in different normal and malignant tissues. To better understand the regulation of the human pi class glutathione S-transferase isoenzyme (GST-pi), the tissue distribution of this protein wa studied by an immunohistochemical technique using an anti-GST-pi polyclonal antibody in normal paraffin-embedded human tissues. These studies indicate that there is a broad distribution of GST-pi in normal human tissues and establish a precise localization within the different organs studied. GST-pi was expressed predominantly in normal epithelial cells of the urinary, digestive, and respiratory tracts, suggesting a possible role for GST-pi in detoxication and elimination of toxic substances. Previous studies have indicated that GST-pi and the putative drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein are both overexpressed in multidrug-resistant human breast cancer cells and in xenobiotic resistant preneoplastic rat hyperplastic liver nodules. Results from this study indicate that there are also similarities between the normal tissue distribution GST-pi and that previously reported for mammalian P-glycoprotein, particularly in secretory epithelia. This finding suggests that these two gene products, which have been implicated in the development of resistance to cytotoxic drugs, may be coregulated in normal and malignant cells.
Serum levels of amidated gastrin-17 and pepsinogen I in atrophic gastritis: an observational case-control study. (2002)

Low serum levels of G-17prand and PGI are conceivable biomarkers of atrophic antral and corpus gastritis, respectively. A low S-G-17prand is a sign of the multifocal or antrum-limited atrophic gastritis in patients infected with H. pylori.
Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules interact with both subunits of the transporter associated with antigen processing, TAP1 and TAP2 (1997)

Prior to loading antigenic peptides, assembled major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules associate with the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) in a complex which also includes calreticulin and a recently described component, tapasin. The interaction of MHC class I molecules has been characterized as occurring exclusively with the TAP1 chain of the TAP heterodimer. In contrast, as described here, in the TAP-deficient human cell line T2, MHC class I molecules interact with a transfected rat TAP2 polypeptide in addition to rat TAP1. Furthermore, this interaction with TAP2 also involves calreticulin and tapasin. An association with both TAP polypeptides would presumably further enhance the efficiency of peptide loading of MHC class I molecules by allowing more than one MHC class I allele proximity to the site of peptide supply on each TAP complex.
Use of Breathing Pacemakers to Suppress Intractable Hiccups of up to Thirteen Years Duration (1999)

To suppress intractable neurologic hiccups that were unresponsive to pharmacologic management, seven patients have been implanted with modern breathing pacemakers of our design and manufacture. These devices control excursions of the diaphragm by electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve. The first five patients have been able to control their hiccups by electrical stimulation after periods of up to 13 years. Two additional patients have been recently implanted and results are still pending.