gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long term effects of the implantation of Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord for newly-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (2012)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder resulted from T cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, how to regenerate β-cells and prevent the autoimmune destruction of remnant and neogenetic β-cells is a tough problem. Immunomodulatory propertity of mesenchymal stem cell make it illuminated to overcome it. We assessed the long-term effects of the implantation of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) from the umbilical cord for Newly-onset T1DM. Twenty-nine patients with newly onset T1DM were randomly divided into two groups, patients in group I were treated with WJ-MSCs and patients in group II were treated with normal saline based on insulin intensive therapy. Patients were followed-up after the operation at monthly intervals for the first 3 months and thereafter every 3 months for the next 21 months, the occurrence of any side effects and results of laboratory examinations were evaluated. There were no reported acute or chronic side effects in group I compared with group II, both the HbA1c and C peptide in group I patients were significantly better than either pretherapy values or group II patients during the follow-up period. These data suggested that the implantation of WJ-MSCs for the treatment of newly-onset T1DM is safe and effective. This therapy can restore the function of islet β cells in a longer time, although precise mechanisms are unknown, the implantation of WJ-MSCs is expected to be an effective strategy for treatment of type1 diabetes.
Mortality and costs associated with alcoholic hepatitis: A claims analysis of a commercially insured population (2018)

Rising mortality in the United States due to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and the dearth of effective treatments for ALD have led to increased research in this area, particularly in alcoholic hepatitis. To understand the burden of illness and potential economic value of effective treatments, we conducted a health care claims analysis of over 15,000 commercially insured adults who were hospitalized with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) between 2006 and 2013 and followed for up to 5 years. Their average age was 54 years and 68% were male. Over 5 years, about two-thirds of these adults died (44% in the first year), and fewer than 500 received liver transplants. There were nearly 40,000 re-hospitalizations, with over 50% of the survivors re-hospitalized within a year and nearly 75% through the second year. The total costs were nearly $145,000 per patient, with costs decreasing over time from over $50,000 in the first year (including the index hospitalization) to about $10,000 per year in the later years. Total costs for the cohort over 5 years were $2.2 billion. Patients who received a liver transplant averaged about $300,000 in transplant-related costs and over $1,000,000 in total health care costs over 5 years. Average costs in years following the index hospitalization were similar to diabetes. AH has a high mortality and is a high-cost condition.
High-temperature ductility of electrodeposited nickel (report for period through May 31, 1977) (1977)

Work done during the past several months on high-temperature ductility of electrodeposited nickel is summarized. Data are presented which show that earlier measurements made at NASA-Langley erred on the low side, that strain rate has a marked influence on high-temperature ductility, and that codeposition of a small amount of manganese helps to improve high-temperature ductility. Influences of a number of other factors on nickel properties were also investigated. They included plating solution temperature, current density, agitation, and elimination of the wetting agent from the plating solution. Work begun under an earlier contract to repair a large nozzle section by nickel plating is described in detail. 11 figures, 9 tables.
Excitation and direct imaging of surface plasmon polariton modes in a two-dimensional grating (2005)

We describe the simultaneous excitation and direct far-field imaging of the scattering from surface plasmon polariton modes in a two-dimensional metallic hole array grating. Conditions for the coupling and imaging are discussed, where the coupling is shown to be consistent with both measured and calculated dispersion relations. Excitation is accomplished at several different wavelengths (from 1.31 to 1.57μm), incidence angles, and grating periods, enabling the observation of a number of distinct modes with various in-plane wave vectors.
Isolation of the biosynthetic gene cluster for tautomycetin, a linear polyketide T cell-specific immunomodulator from Streptomyces sp. CK4412 (2007)

The bacterial genus Streptomyces has long been appreciated for its ability to produce various kinds of medically important secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, anti-tumour agents, immunosuppressants and enzyme inhibitors. Tautomycetin (TMC), which is produced by Streptomyces sp. CK4412, is a novel activated T cell-specific immunosuppressive compound with an ester bond linkage between a terminal cyclic anhydride moiety and a linear polyketide chain bearing an unusual terminal alkene. Using a Streptomyces polyketide methylmalonyl-CoA acyltransferase gene as a probe, three overlapping cosmids were isolated from the genomic library of TMC-producing Streptomyces sp. CK4412. Sequence information of an approximately 70 kb contiguous DNA region revealed two multi-modular type I polyketide synthases (PKSs), and 12 additional gene products presumably involved in TMC biosynthesis. The deduced roles for most of the TMC PKS catalytic domains were consistent with the expected functions necessary for TMC chain elongation and processing. In addition, disruption of a putative TMC acyl-CoA transferase gene, located upstream of the PKS gene locus, completely abolished TMC biosynthesis. Taken together, these data provide strong supporting evidence that the cloned gene cluster identified in this study is responsible for TMC biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. CK4412, and set the stage for detailed genetic and biochemical studies of the biosynthesis of this important metabolite.
Enhanced expression of an insulin growth factor-like binding protein (mac25) in senescent human mammary epithelial cells and induced expression with retinoic acid. (1995)

mac25, the subject of this report, was selected by the differential display of mRNA method in a search for genes overexpressed in senescent human mammary epithelial cells. mac25 had previously been cloned as a discrete gene, preferentially expressed in normal, leptomeningial cells compared with meningioma tumors. mac25 is another member of the insulin growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) family. Insulin-like growth factors are potent mitogens for mammary epithelial cells, and the IGFBPs have been shown to modulate this mitogenic activity. We report here that mac25, unlike most IGFBPs, is down-regulated at the transcription level in mammary carcinoma cell lines, suggesting a tumor-suppressor role. The gene was mapped to chromosome 4q12. We found that mac25 accumulates in senescent cells and is up-regulated in normal, growing mammary epithelial cells by all-trans-retinoic acid or the synthetic retinoid fenretinide. These findings suggest that mac25 may be a downstream effector of retinoid chemoprevention in breast epithelial cells and that its tumor-suppressive role may involve a senescence pathway.
Performance of autocorrelation receivers for ultra-wideband communications with PPM in multipath channels (2003)

A single-user ultra-wideband (UWB) communication system employing an autocorrelation receiver in conjunction with binary block-coded pulse-position modulation (PPM) and transmitted reference (TR) signaling in indoor multipath channels is considered. A general framework for analyzing the system performance is provided and numerical results are obtained by employing measured indoor channel data.
The Measurement of Erythrocyte Ammonia Using the Hyland Ammonia Kit (1982)

We modified the Hyland Ammonia kit for plasma to measure blood ammonia from which the erythrocyte ammonia is calculated. Our modified method gave good recoveries and its precision based on replicate assays was excellent (CV less than 3.0%). The within-day and day-to-day precision was determined from pooled blood and aqueous ammonia solution respectively. The precision calculated from duplicate results was not as good but agreed with other published values. A critical examination of Hyland's method showed the efficiency of resin adsorption to be 78%, and that the resin caused a 16% reduction in the Berthelot reaction, while 4 mol/l NaCl increased the reaction by about 11%. Blood specimens for ammonia can be frozen but specimen instability occurred during the thawing process. Measurement of ammonia directly on frozen specimens overcomes this problem. The reference range for erythrocyte ammonia was 14.5-46.1 (mean 30.1, SD 7.9) mumol/l.
ARRDC1 as a mediator of microvesicle budding (2012)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Intravenous Infusion of Bone Marrow in Patients Receiving Radiation and Chemotherapy (1957)

AFTER a lethal dose of radiation in rodents,1 canines2 or primates,3 the destroyed bone marrow may be repopulated by intravenous infusion of cellular suspensions of marrow taken from healthy isologous, homologous4 and, in some cases, heterologous3 donors. Effective cells for these infusions may be stored by the Polge technic of freezing to -80°C. in glycerol.6 Hosts seeded with donor marrow have some of the immunologic characteristics of the donors, and in some circumstances will take and hold homografts of other organs from them.7 Since cases of radiation disaster may occur, and since bone-marrow deficiency from radiation or chemotherapy does occur . . .
Interactive therapy with instrumented footwear (2004)

Musical feedback can aid in learning to move properly, for example in physical therapy, sports medicine, or training. By appropriately instrumenting the body to detect the correct motion (or the motion to be avoided), and mapping its characteristics causally onto an interactive musical stream, a patient can, in certain cases, be discouraged from making the incorrect motion and encouraged to move properly. We describe a heavily instrumented pair of shoes that were developed to function as a wearable gait laboratory, and overview some of the initial work performed using these shoes for real-time interactive therapy based exploiting musical feedback.
Ribozyme processed tRNA transcripts with unfriendly internal promoter for T7 RNA polymerase: production and activity (1998)

A limitation for a universal use of T7 RNA polymerase for in vitro tRNA transcription lies in the nature of the often unfavorable 5'-terminal sequence of the gene to be transcribed. To overcome this drawback, a hammerhead ribozyme sequence was introduced between a strong T7 RNA polymerase promoter and the tDNA sequence. Transcription of this construct gives rise to a 'transzyme' molecule, the autocatalytic activity of which liberates a 5'-OH tRNA transcript starting with the proper nucleotide. The method was optimized for transcription of yeast tRNA(Tgammar), starting with 5'-C1, and operates as well for yeast tRNA(Asp) with 5'-U1. Although the tRNAs produced by the transzyme method are not phosphorylated, they are fully active in aminoacylation with k(cat) and Km parameters quasi identical to those of their phosphorylated counterparts.
Design and Performance of a 600–720-GHz Sideband-Separating Receiver Using ${\hbox{AlO}}_{x}$ and AlN SIS Junctions (2010)

We present the design, modeling, construction, and characterization of a sideband separating heterodyne receiver that covers the frequency range from 600 to 720 GHz. The receiver has been constructed using waveguide technology in the split-block technique. The core of the mixer consists of a quadrature hybrid, two directional couplers to inject the local oscillator signal, two superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) junctions, three signal-termination loads, and two planar IF/bandpass-filter/dc-bias circuits. The instrument that we have constructed presents excellent performance as demonstrated by two important figures of merit: receiver noise temperature and sideband ratio. Across the entire band, the uncorrected single-sideband noise temperature is below 500 K and reaches 190 K at the best operating point. The sideband ratio is greater than 10 dB over most of the frequency operating range. Superconducting junctions containing AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> - and AlN-tunnel barriers were tested.
Three‐dimensional culture of differentiating marrow stromal osteoblasts in biomimetic poly(propylene fumarate‐co‐ethylene glycol)‐based macroporous hydrogels (2003)

This study assesses the ability of biomimetic poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels to sustain the differentiation of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) to the osteoblastic phenotype and to produce a mineralized matrix in vitro. Macroporous hydrogels based on poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) with and without covalently linked RGD cell-adhesive peptide were synthesized and seeded with rat MSCs suspended in media or in a type I collagen solution. Cells suspended in media were found to adhere to RGD-modified but not to unmodified hydrogels. Cells suspended in a collagen solution were entrapped after collagen gelation and proliferated independent of the peptide modification of the hydrogel. Hydrogel modification with RGD peptide was sufficient to allow for the adhesion and differentiation of MSCs to the osteoblastic phenotype in the presence of osteogenic culture supplements. MSCs seeded with a collagen gel onto RGD-modified macroporous hydrogels after 28 days of culture showed a significant increase in cell numbers, from 15,200 +/- 2,000 to 208,600 +/- 69,700 cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant calcium deposition was apparent after 28 days of culture in RGD-modified hydrogels for cells suspended in a collagen gel in comparison to cells suspended in media, 3.47 +/- 0.26 compared to 0.82 +/- 0.20 mg Ca(2+) per scaffold (p < 0.05). Confocal microscopy revealed that MSCs suspended in a collagen gel and cultured on RGD-modified hydrogels for 28 days were adhered to the surface of the hydrogel while MSCs suspended in a collagen gel and cultured on unmodified hydrogels were located within the pores of and not in direct contact with the hydrogel surface. The results demonstrate that these biomimetic hydrogels facilitate the adhesion and support the differentiation of MSCs to the osteoblastic phenotype in the presence of osteogenic culture media.
Circadian variation of flexor withdrawal and crossed extensor reflexes in patients with restless legs syndrome (2017)

An evening state of spinal hyperexcitability has been proposed to be a possible cause of evening increases in restless legs syndrome symptoms. Thus, the objective of the current study was to assess the circadian variation in spinal excitability in patients with restless legs syndrome based on flexor withdrawal reflex and crossed extensor reflex responses. The reflexes were elicited on 12 participants with restless legs syndrome and 12 healthy control participants in the evening (PM) and the morning (AM). Reflex response magnitudes were measured electromyographically and kinematically. Both the reflexes showed a circadian rhythm in participants with restless legs syndrome but not in control participants. Changes in ankle (median flexor withdrawal reflex PM: 16.0 ° versus AM: 2.8 °, P = 0.042; crossed extensor reflex PM: 0.8 ° versus AM: 0.2 °, P = 0.001) angle were significantly larger, and ankle angular velocity (median flexor withdrawal reflex PM: 38.8 ° s<sup>-1</sup> versus AM: 13.9 ° s<sup>-1</sup> , P = 0.049; crossed extensor reflex PM: 2.4 ° s<sup>-1</sup> versus AM: 0.5 ° s<sup>-1</sup> , P = 0.002) was significantly faster in the evening compared with the morning in participants with restless legs syndrome, for both reflexes. For participants with restless legs syndrome, evening change in hallux angle was significantly larger than morning responses (median PM: 5.0 ° versus AM: 1.3 °, P = 0.012). No significant differences for any of the electromyographic or kinematic variables were observed between participants with restless legs syndrome and controls. The flexor withdrawal reflex and the crossed extensor reflex show a circadian rhythm in participants with restless legs syndrome suggesting an evening increase in spinal excitability. We hypothesize the circadian variation in spinal excitability may be due to a possible nocturnal form of afferent circuitry central sensitization in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in patients with restless legs syndrome.
Reversing Melanoma Cross-Resistance to BRAF and MEK Inhibitors by Co-Targeting the AKT/mTOR Pathway (2011)

Primary and acquired resistance to vemurafenib in these in vitro models results in frequent cross resistance to MEK inhibitors, except when the resistance is the result of a secondary NRAS mutation. Resistance to BRAF or MEK inhibitors is associated with the induction or persistence of activity within the AKT pathway in the presence of these drugs. This resistance can be potentially reversed by the combination of a RAF or MEK inhibitor with an AKT or mTOR inhibitor. These combinations should be available for clinical testing in patients progressing on BRAF inhibitors.
Oral antisense that targets protein kinase A cooperates with taxol and inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and growth factor production. (2000)

Protein kinase A type I (PKAI) transduces mitogenic signals from different growth factors and oncogenes and is overexpressed in the majority of human cancers. We and other investigators previously have reported that different PKAI inhibitors, including antisense oligonucleotides, have antitumor activity. In this study, we used a novel hybrid DNA/RNA mixed-backbone oligonucleotide (MBO) targeting the PKAI subunit RIalpha. We demonstrated that after oral administration, the MBO antisense RIalpha inhibited the growth of human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice and showed a cooperative antitumor effect with Taxol, which outlasted treatment withdrawal and significantly prolonged survival of mice compared with untreated controls or to single-agent-treated mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor specimens showed inhibition of target protein RIalpha and of growth factor expression along with a marked inhibition of angiogenesis and an increase in p27 expression. In conclusion, a novel MBO that targets PKAI, administered p.o., is effective and cooperates with the anticancer drug Taxol on both tumor growth and expression of factors involved in the control of cell proliferation, cell cycle, and angiogenesis. Because the MBO described has completed a phase I trial involving i.v. injection in cancer patients, these results provide the biological rationale of its activity after oral administration and may be translated into a therapeutic strategy in a clinical setting.
Development and comparison of procedures for the selection of delta ribozyme cleavage sites within the hepatitis B virus (2002)

Delta ribozyme possesses several unique features related to the fact that it is the only catalytic RNA known to be naturally active in human cells. This makes it attractive as a therapeutic tool for the inactivation of clinically relevant RNAs. However, several hurdles must be overcome prior to the development of useful gene-inactivation systems based on delta ribozyme. We have developed three procedures for the selection of potential delta ribozyme target sites within the hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenome: (i) the use of bioinformatic tools coupled to biochemical assays; (ii) RNase H hydrolysis with a pool of oligonucleotides; and (iii) cleavage assays with a pool of ribozymes. The results obtained with delta ribozyme show that these procedures are governed by several rules, some of which are different from those both for other catalytic RNAs and antisense oligonucleotides. Together, these procedures identified 12 sites in the HBV pregenome that can be cleaved by delta ribozymes, although with different efficiencies. Clearly, both target site accessibility and the ability to form an active ribozyme-substrate complex constitute interdependent factors that can best be addressed using a combinatorial library of either oligonucleotides or ribozymes.
Molecular mapping of the chromosome 11 breakpoint of t(11;17)(q13;q21) in a t(11;14)(q13;q32)‐positive B non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (1993)

The FAU gene is the cellular homologue of the viral FOX sequences in the genome of the Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus (FBR-MuSV); the viral FOX sequences have been shown to increase the transforming capacity of FBR-MuSV in vitro. The human FAU gene has recently been isolated, characterized, and mapped to chromosome band 11q13. Here, we report results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis which indicate that the FAU gene maps proximally to the putative oncogene BCL1 at 11q13. Furthermore, we identified a t(11;17)(q13;q21) translocation in tumor cells of a t(11;14)(q13;q32)-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patient by FISH analysis using a FAU containing cosmid clone as molecular probe and by double-colour chromosome painting analysis using chromosome 11- and chromosome 17-specific painting probes. The position of the chromosome 11 breakpoint of the t(11;17) translocation was pinpointed to a human DNA region around the FAU gene of about 40 kbp.
Architectural implications of hardware-accelerated bucket rendering on the PC (1997)

Wrcket rendering is a technique whereby a scene is sorted into screen-space tiles and each tile is rendered independently in turn, We expect hardware-accelerated bucket rendering to become available on the PC, and in this paper we explore the effect of such accelerators on main memory bandwidth, bus bandwidth to the accelerator, and on increased triangle set-up requirements. The most important impact is due to the fact that in general primitives overlap multiple buckets, which is a direct cnuse of overhead. In this paper we evaluate bucket rendering that uses the most common algorithm for bucket sorting, one based on screen-aligned primitive bounding boxes. We extend previous techniques for analytically evaluating bounding box overlap of buckets, and together with experimental results use these to evaluate accelerators that may support 32x32 pixel tiles, and those that may support 128x128 pixel tiles. We expect the former to be possible with dense SRAM, the latter to be possible with DRAM embedded in a logic process (embedded DRAM). Our results suggest that embedded DRAM implementations can support bucket rendering with bounding box bucket sorting, but that SRAM implementations will likely be at risk with respect to overall system performance when bounding box bucket sorting is employed. These results suggest the requirement for more precise but still low-overhead bucket sorting algorithms when bucket rendering hardware is constrained to 32 x 32 tiles.