gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection. Canadian HIV Trials Network Antiretroviral Working Group. (1998)

The workshop was organized by the National Centre of the Canadian HIV Trials Network. Unrestricted educational grants were provided by 8 pharmaceutical companies. Additional support was provided from the National AIDS Strategy of Health Canada.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling Prior to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Implications for Atrioventricular Delay Programming (2008)

The effects of various programmed AVD during CRT on the response in LV stroke volume and diastolic filling are influenced by the pre-CRT LV filling characteristics. AVD optimization based on maximizing DFT is shorter compared to the aortic VTI method.
The role of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte in hyperalgesia (1985)

The results of recent studies of the mechanism of leukotriene B4-induced hyperalgesia suggest a dependence on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs). In this study, we addressed the contribution of PMNLs to hyperalgesia evoked by the peptide chemotactic factors N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and the anaphylatoxin fragment of the fifth component of the complement pathway (C5a). Local injection of glycogen, which attracts but does not activate PMNLs, produced a marked shift to the left (toward lower concentrations) in the concentration dependence curve of fMLP-induced hyperalgesia. In addition, PMNL repletion by transfusion with syngeneic PMNLs reestablished fMLP-induced hyperalgesia in PMNL-depleted rats. Finally, supernatants from rat and human PMNLs, that had been stimulated with fMLP in vitro, produced hyperalgesia in PMNL-depleted rats. Preliminary characterization of the hyperalgesia-inducing activity released by stimulated PMNLs indicated that it is lipid in nature. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory indomethacin did not attenuate C5a and fMLP-induced hyperalgesia. Thus, the hyperalgesia produced by fMLP and C5a is similar to that produced by leukotriene B4 in that it is dependent on PMNLs and independent of the cyclo-oxygenation of arachidonic acid. Taken together, these data suggest that structurally diverse PMNL-chemotactic factors produce hyperalgesia by a novel mechanism, involving PMNL-derived factors.
5‐ALA for photodynamic photorejuvenation—optimization of treatment regime based on normal‐skin fluorescence measurements (2007)

Changing the 5-ALA vehicle from a moisturizing cream to liposome encapsulation, the 5-ALA concentration can be lowered by a factor of 40, and still induce the same skin fluorescence and at the same time eliminates the need for occlusion. The low post-treatment fluorescence also suggests a significantly reduced risk of post-treatment phototoxicity.
Seletividade de herbicidas em variedades de cana-de-açúcar (2011)

Em variedades de cana-de-açúcar podem ser observadas respostas diversas aos herbicidas, tendo como consequências problemas de fitotoxicidade, que podem ocasionar redução na produtividade. Com o objetivo de estudar a seletividade de herbicidas sobre as variedades de cana-de-açúcar RB925345, RB925211, RB935744 e RB855036, foram desenvolvidos quatro experimentos em campo, um para cada variedade, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, em Araras (SP). Os herbicidas utilizados foram: trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryn (351 + 99 g i.a ha-1) + diuron + hexazinone (1097 + 27,77 g i.a ha-1), trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryn (1463 + 37 g i.a ha-1), diuron + hexazinone (1170 + 330 g i.a ha-1), metribuzin (4000 g i.a ha-1), imazapic (122,5 g i.a ha-1) e imazapyr (0,5 L i.a ha-1). Foram realizadas avaliações visuais de intoxicação aos 15, 30, 45, 60 e 90 dias após aplicação (DAA), altura das plantas aos 30, 90 e 180 DAA, perfilhamento e análise tecnológica constituída pelos teores de sólidos solúveis (ºBrix), Pol (%) caldo, Pol (%) cana, Fibra (%) e Pureza (%), aos 380 DAA. Inicialmente, todas as variedades tiveram sintomas de intoxicação aos herbicidas. Os inibidores da ALS (imazapyr e imazapic) tiveram sintomas mais acentuados aos 30 DAA, com paralisação do crescimento das plantas, presença de folhas retorcidas e coloração arroxeada. Aos 90 DAA, nas variedades não havia sintomas de fitotoxicidade significativos, sendo tolerantes aos herbicidas aplicados. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos com relação ao perfilhamento, altura das plantas e na qualidade tecnológica final das variedades estudadas.
Development of a Potent Bcl-xLAntagonist Based on α-Helix Mimicry (2002)

The rational design of low-molecular weight ligands that disrupt protein-protein interactions is still a challenging goal in medicinal chemistry. Our approach to this problem involves the design of molecular scaffolds that mimic the surface functionality projected along one face of an alpha-helix. Using a terphenyl scaffold, which in a staggered conformation closely reproduces the projection of functionality on the surface of an alpha-helix, we designed mimics of the pro-apoptotic alpha-helical Bak-peptide as inhibitors of the Bak/Bcl-xL interaction. This led to the development of a potent Bcl-xL antagonist (KD = 114 nM), whose binding affinity for Bcl-xL was assessed by a fluorescence polarization assay. To determine the binding site of the developed inhibitor we used docking studies and an HSQC-NMR experiment with 15N-labeled Bcl-xL protein. These studies suggest that the inhibitor is binding in the same hydrophobic cleft as the Bak- and Bad-peptides.
Modular AI (2017)

Modular AI is an approach to AI specification that draws heavily on principles from software engineering to dramatically reduce code duplication and increase reuse. This chapter first discusses the theoretical underpinnings of modular AI and relates them to broadly accepted concepts from software engineering, and then describes in detail the Game AI Architecture (GAIA). GAIA is a modular architecture, developed at Lockheed Martin Rotary and Mission Systems, that has been used to drive behavior across a number of very different projects in a number of very different game and simulation engines, including both educational games and training simulations. Its roots go back to work on animal AI at Blue Fang Games, on boss AI for an action game at Mad Doc Software, and on ambient human AI at Rockstar Games. The chapter also describes the major conceptual abstractions used by GAIA, provide examples of their use, and give their interfaces.
3,4,5-Trifluorobenzeneboronic Acid as an Extremely Active Amidation Catalyst (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXT3,4,5-Trifluorobenzeneboronic Acid as an Extremely Active Amidation CatalystKazuaki Ishihara, Suguru Ohara, and Hisashi YamamotoView Author Information Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-01, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 13, 4196–4197Publication Date (Web):June 26, 1996Publication History Received16 April 1996Published online26 June 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9606564https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9606564rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11641Altmetric-Citations415LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Aromatic compounds,Catalysts,Organic acids,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
Quantitative, spatial resolution of the epigenetic field effect in prostate cancer (2007)

This study quantifies previous observations of methylation in histologically negative samples and provides important assessment of field effects based on epigenetic events in cancer. These molecular approaches set the stage for consideration of such data in prospective trials for assessment of surgical margins and prediction of recurrence.
Spleen necrosis virus, an avian retrovirus, can infect primate cells (1991)

Spleen necrosis virus (SNV) is an avian retrovirus that can infect some mammalian cells such as dog cells as well as all avian cells tested to date. We were interested in testing whether SNV could also infect primate cells. For these experiments, we used HeLa and COS-7 cells. Initially, we determined whether the SNV long terminal repeat promoter was functional in HeLa and COS-7 cells. In transient transfection assays, the SNV promoter efficiently directed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression in both HeLa and COS-7 cells. Using SNV- and murine leukemia virus-derived retroviral vectors containing the neomycin phosphotransferase gene, we found that SNV established a provirus in HeLa and COS-7 cells as efficiently as did an amphotropic murine leukemia virus, as judged by the number of G418-resistant HeLa and COS-7 cell colonies obtained after infection and selection. Although SNV formed a provirus in both HeLa and COS-7 cells, productive infection of these cells was not obtained with use of replication-competent SNV. These results suggest that SNV can infect, form a provirus, and stably express a transduced gene in primate cells, but there is a posttranscriptional block to its replication in these cells.
Greatly increased occurrence of breast cancers in areas of mammographically dense tissue (2005)

DCIS occurs overwhelmingly in the mammographically dense areas of the breast, and pre-DCIS mammograms showed that this relationship was not brought about by the presence of the DCIS. This strongly suggests that some aspect of stromal tissue comprising the mammographically dense tissue directly influences the carcinogenic process in the local breast glandular tissue.
Adrenomedullin-(22-52) antagonizes vasodilator responses to CGRP but not adrenomedullin in the cat (1997)

The effects of adrenomedullin (ADM)-(22-52), a putative ADM receptor antagonist, on vasodilator responses to ADM and the structurally related peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), were investigated in the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat under constant-flow conditions. ADM-(22-52) had no significant effect on hindlimb perfusion pressure when injected in doses up to 120 nmol; after administration of ADM-(22-52), vasodilator responses to ADM were unchanged, whereas vasodilator responses to CGRP were inhibited. The inhibitory effects of ADM-(22-52) on responses to CGRP were selective and reversible and were similar to the inhibitory effects of the CGRP antagonist CGRP-(8-37). Hindlimb vasodilator responses to CGRP and to ADM were increased in duration by the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram but were not altered by inhibitors of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase, nitric oxide synthetase, K(+)-ATP channels, the cyclooxygenase pathway, or the adrenergic nervous system. These results demonstrate that ADM-(22-52) is a selective CGRP receptor antagonist in the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat. The present data suggest that vasodilator responses to CGRP and ADM are mediated by different receptors but that these peptides dilate the hindlimb vascular bed of the cat by a similar cAMP-dependent mechanism.
Compensating for asynchronies between musical voices in score-performance alignment (2015)

The goal of score-performance synchronisation is to align a given musical score to an audio recording of a performance of the same piece. A major challenge in computing such alignments is to account for musical parameters including the local tempo or playing style. To increase the overall robustness, current methods assume that notes occurring simultaneously in the score are played concurrently in a performance. Musical voices such as the melody, however, are often played asynchronously to other voices, which can lead to significant local alignment errors. In this paper, we present a novel method that handles asynchronies between the melody and the accompaniment by treating the voices as separate time lines in a multi-dimensional variant of dynamic time warping (DTW). Constraining the alignment with information obtained via classical DTW, our method measurably improves the alignment accuracy for pieces with asynchronous voices and preserves the accuracy otherwise.
The Transcription Factors SOX9 and SOX10 Are Vitiligo Autoantigens in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type I (2001)

Vitiligo is common in the hereditary disorder autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I). Patients with APS I are known to have high titer autoantibodies directed against various tissue-specific antigens. Using sera from APS I patients for immunoscreening of a cDNA library from human scalp, we identified the transcription factors SOX9 and SOX10 as novel autoantigens related to this syndrome. Immunoreactivity against SOX9 was found in 14 (15%) and against SOX10 in 20 (22%) of the 91 APS I sera studied. All patients reacting with SOX9 displayed reactivity against SOX10, suggesting shared epitopes. Among the 19 patients with vitiligo, 12 (63%) were positive for SOX10 (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, three of 93 sera from patients with vitiligo unrelated to APS I showed strong reactivity against SOX10, which may indicate a more general role of SOX10 as an autoantigen in vitiligo.
Response of isolated renal arterioles to acetylcholine, dopamine, and bradykinin (1985)

The effect of acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine (DA), and bradykinin (BK) on vascular tone was examined in interlobular arteries and superficial afferent and efferent arterioles isolated from rabbit kidney. A single microvessel was dissected and cannulated, and lumen diameter was measured at a fixed intraluminal pressure. ACh caused a dose-dependent relaxation of norepinephrine-induced tone in all three vessel types. Significant relaxation (10-20%) was observed with 10(-8) M ACh and higher concentrations caused complete relaxation. In afferent and efferent arterioles DA caused a dose-dependent relaxation that was indistinguishable from the one caused by ACh. However, DA was much less effective on interlobular arteries. Significant relaxation was not observed until 10(-5) M DA, and 10(-4) M caused only a 30-40% relaxation. In afferent arterioles atropine blocked the effect of ACh, and metoclopramide selectively inhibited DA-induced relaxation. BK (10(-9) to 10(-5) M) caused a dose-dependent relaxation of norepinephrine-induced tone only in efferent arterioles. BK, either in the bath or lumen, had no effect on the preglomerular microvessels. ACh and DA also caused relaxation of afferent arterioles with spontaneous tone while all three vasodilators relaxed efferent arterioles with spontaneous tone. The results demonstrate segmental heterogeneity for these vasodilators in the rabbit renal microvasculature, with ACh causing relaxation in all three vessel types, DA acting primarily on the glomerular arterioles, and BK affecting only the efferent arteriole.
Electrochemical preparation of chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite coatings on titanium substrates (2003)

Composite coatings containing brushite (CaHPO(4). 2H(2)O) and chitosan were prepared by electrochemical deposition. The brushite/chitosan composites were converted to hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites in aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide. The coatings ranged from approximately 1 to 15% chitosan by weight. Qualitative assessment of the coatings showed adhesion significantly improved over that observed for electrodeposited coatings of pure HA.
Drugging the catalytically inactive state of RET kinase in RET-rearranged tumors (2017)

Oncogenic fusion events have been identified in a broad range of tumors. Among them, <i>RET</i> rearrangements represent distinct and potentially druggable targets that are recurrently found in lung adenocarcinomas. We provide further evidence that current anti-RET drugs may not be potent enough to induce durable responses in such tumors. We report that potent inhibitors, such as AD80 or ponatinib, that stably bind in the DFG-out conformation of RET may overcome these limitations and selectively kill <i>RET</i>-rearranged tumors. Using chemical genomics in conjunction with phosphoproteomic analyses in <i>RET</i>-rearranged cells, we identify the CCDC6-RET<sup>I788N</sup> mutation and drug-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway reactivation as possible mechanisms by which tumors may escape the activity of RET inhibitors. Our data provide mechanistic insight into the druggability of RET kinase fusions that may be of help for the development of effective therapies targeting such tumors.
A Technology Overview of the PowerChip Development Program (2013)

The PowerChip research program is developing technologies to radically improve the size, integration, and performance of power electronics operating at up to grid-scale voltages (e.g., up to 200V) and low-to-moderate power levels (e.g., up to 50W) and demonstrating the technologies in a high-efficiency light-emitting diode driver, as an example application. This paper presents an overview of the program and of the progress toward meeting the program goals. Key program aspects and progress in advanced nitride power devices and device reliability, integrated high-frequency magnetics and magnetic materials, and high-frequency converter architectures are summarized.
Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Aliphatic Alcohols (2002)

[reaction: see text] A simple and mild method for the coupling of aryl iodides and aliphatic alcohols that does not require the use of alkoxide bases is described. The reactions can be performed in neat alcohol. For more precious alcohols, the etherification was carried out in toluene as solvent using 2 equiv of alcohol. Additionally, the cross-coupling of an optically active benzylic alcohol with an unactivated aryl halide was demonstrated to proceed with complete retention of configuration.
Heregulin-? is especially potent in activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in nontransformed human mammary epithelial cells (2000)

The neu differentiation factors/heregulins (HRGs) comprise a family of polypeptide growth factors that activate p185(erbB-2) through direct binding to either erbB-3 or erbB-4 receptor tyrosine kinases. We have previously shown that HRG-beta is mitogenic for various human mammary epithelial cell lines that coexpress c-erbB-2 and c-erbB-3. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is activated by p185(erbB-2) /erbB-3 heterodimers in cells stimulated by HRG, and PI3K is constitutively activated by p185(erbB-2) /erbB-3 in breast carcinoma cells that overexpress c-erbB-2. To better understand the relative abilities of HRGs, epidermal growth factor (EGF), or insulin to activate PI3K under normal physiological conditions, we compared the levels of recruitment of the 85-kDa regulatory subunit of PI3K when activated by the type I (erbB) or type II [insulin-like growth factor (IGF)] receptor tyrosine kinases in two different nontransformed human mammary epithelial cell lines. The nontransformed H16N-2 cells isolated from normal tissue express EGFR, p185(erbB-2), and erbB-3, and are highly responsive to the mitogenic effects of HRG-beta as well as to the combination of EGF and insulin in serum-free culture. We measured the stoichiometry of p85 recruited by tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins induced in H16N-2 cells by either the alpha or the beta isoform of HRG. HRG-beta was greater than 10-fold more potent in inducing p85 recruitment than was the less biologically active HRG-alpha isoform. HRG-beta was also a more potent inducer of p85 recruited by tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins than was either EGF, insulin, or EGF and insulin combined. Furthermore, erbB-3 principally mediated the direct recruitment of p85 in cells stimulated by HRG or EGF, indicating that, in addition to the high-level activation of PI3K by p185(erbB-2) / erbB-3, EGFR/erbB-3 heterodimer interaction is essential for the weak but significant level of PI3K activated by EGF in cells that express normal EGFR levels. Studies using the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin also indicated that PI3K activation was required for the proliferation of H16N-2 cells induced by either HRG-beta or EGF and insulin in serum-free culture. Finally, HRG-beta was also an especially potent inducer of PI3K in the nontransformed MCF-10A cells, which were derived spontaneously from normal reduction mammoplasty tissue. These data show, for the first time, a side-by-side quantitative comparison of the relative degree of PI3K activated by different growth factors in nontransformed growth factor-dependent cells under precisely defined conditions in culture.
Heat transfer from a rotating disk (1956)

Abstract The flow due to a disk rotating in its own plane has been investigated theoretically by von Kármán, Goldstein, and others, but little has been published on the heat transfer. For laminar conditions theoretical solutions have been given by Millsaps &amp; Pohlhausen and by Wagner, but for conditions when the flow is turbulent over the outer part of the disk there is no previous information. The present paper describes an experimental investigation of the heat transfer for a range of conditions from entirely laminar flow to conditions when the outer 80% of the disk area is under turbulence. For laminar flow the heat transfer agrees with Wagner’s results, but Millsap’s theory is found to give too low values and an explanation is given. For the turbulent case, which occurs in most practical applications, values are given for the heat transfer which is found to approach the expression N = 0∙015 R0∙8 for all-turbulent flow. An attempt is made to deduce the turbulent flow heat transfer theoretically by assuming a 1/7 power law of temperature distribution, but this gives too low a value. Some measurements of the velocity and temperature profiles both for laminar and for turbulent conditions are given. For laminar flow these show fair agreement with the theoretical values. For turbulent flow the temperature ratios are higher than those of velocity, which explains the low heat transfer values calculated assuming a 1/7 power temperature distribution. The relation between heat transfer and friction torque is also discussed.
Detection of serum autoantibodies to tumor suppressor gene p53 with a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with ovarian cancer. (2001)

Sera from 99 ovarian cancer patients were assayed for serum autoantibodies to p53 using a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results were compared to the investigation using the former ELISA. The incidence of autoantibodies (25%) was lower using the newly developed ELISA as compared to the previous results (41%). The results were consistent in 79% of patients (P < .001). The incidence of autoantibodies was lower in patients with complete remission (19%) as compared to that of patients with recurrence (30%) and before primary surgery (26%). No statistically significant correlation was found among p53 serum autoantibody status and tumor stage, degree of malignancy, histologic subtype, and residual tumor after primary surgery. Use of the newly developed ELISA resulted in a higher consensus between immunohistochemically negative and autoantibody negative cases. Owing to further purifying of the prepared human recombinant p53. the newly developed ELISA seems to be of higher specificity as compared to the former ELISA.