gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid characterization of asparagine‐linked oligosaccharides isolated from glycoproteins using a carbohydrate analyzer (1991)

Chromatographic methods were developed for the separation and characterization of acidic (sialylated) and neutral (asialo-complex and high-mannose) oligosaccharides released from glycoproteins with peptide N-glycosidase F. endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H using a carbohydrate analyzer (Dionex BioLC). All the carbohydrate separations were carried out on a polymeric pellicular anion-exchange column HPIC-AS6/CarboPac PA-1 (Dionex) using only two eluants namely, 0.5 M NaOH and 3% acetic acid/NaOH pH 5.5, which were mixed with water to generate various gradients. Developed conditions for quantitative detection of carbohydrates with pulsed amperometry were necessary to obtain steady baselines at 0.1-0.3 microA output with suitable sensitivity (less than 5 pmol) in separations employing a variety of acidic and alkaline sodium acetate gradients. Oligosaccharides released from heat-denatured and trypsin-treated glycoproteins were purified initially from large-scale digestion (greater than 0.1 g) by extraction of peptide material into phenol/chloroform and finally by ion-exchange chromatography of the acqueous phase. Oligosaccharides isolated from the peptide N-glycosidase digests of bovine fetuin, human transferrin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gave multiple peaks in each charge group in separations based on the charge content at pH 5.5. Alkaline sodium acetate gradients were developed to obtain oligosaccharide maps of the glycoproteins within 60 min, in which separated oligosaccharides eluted in the order of neutral, mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-sialylated species based on both charge, size and structure. Baseline separations were obtained with neutral oligosaccharide types but mixtures of high-mannose and complex types were poorly resolved. The high-mannose peaks were eliminated specifically from complex oligosaccharides by digesting with alpha-mannosidase. Treatment with beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase resulted in a decrease of the oligosaccharide elution times corresponding to the number of sugar residues lost, the profile of changes was highly reproducible. In contrast, treatment with alpha-L-fucosidase, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H resulted in an increase in their corresponding oligosaccharide retention times similar to the presence of an additional sugar residue. Conditions developed for separation of the reduced oligosaccharides and also a mixture of monosaccharide to oligosaccharide containing about 15 sugar residues within 30 min were useful in determining the effect of endo- and exo-glycosidases on porcine thyroglobulin oligosaccharides. Changes in elution time of the oligosaccharides following specific glycosidase digestions combined with methylation analysis provided a rapid and sensitive tool for confirmation of the carbohydrate primary structures present in thyroglobulin.
Enantioselective Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Reaction of 3‐Indolylmethyl CH Bonds with 1,3‐Dicarbonyls Using a Chiral Lewis Acid‐Bonded Nucleophile to Control Stereochemistry (2010)

A highly enantioselective CH-activation-based oxidative coupling reaction of 3-arylmethylindole derivatives with dibenzyl malonate by using chiral Lewis acid bonded nucleophiles provided an approach to indole derivatives (see scheme; DDQ=2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Evaluation for Leakage Rate of Reactor Coolant Pump Bolting in Nuclear Power Plants (2012)

원자력 발전소의 원자로 압력경계 기기 중에서 냉각재 펌프의 주 플랜지에 사용되는 볼트는 건전성이 상실될 경우, 발전소의 안전성에 영향을 미칠 가능성 있기 때문에 전 수명기간 동안 건전성이 보장되어야 한다. 하지만 이러한 볼트의 부식 및 균열에 대한 사례 보고가 있기에 이에 대한 체계적인 관리가 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 볼트의 손상으로 인해 발생하는 누설률을 통해 현재 가동 중인 발전소의 허용 안전성에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 볼트 손상에 따른 펌프의 간극을 수치해석 프로그램인 ANSYS를 사용하여 예측하고, 누설률 평가에는 SQUIRT 코드를 사용하여 평가하였다. 해석결과 볼트손상 수량이 3개일 경우에도 허용기준치인 1 gpm 이하인 것으로 판단된다. 비록 현재의 설계 볼트 수가 충분한 안전율을 확보한다고 판단되지만, 손상 볼트에 따른 누설률을 감았했을 때 지속적인 정기 점검을 통해 볼트의 건전도를 판단할 필요가 있다고 사료된다. In nuclear power plant, defected bolts used in the main flange of reactor coolant pump could have bad effect on the safety of the plant. Thus, the bolts should maintain their integrity while used in the plant. However, damaged bolts, such as corroded or cracked bolts, have been reported; thus, well-organized monitoring is required. This study evaluates safety of bolts currently used in a nuclear plant using the leakage rate. Using ANSYS program, the opening of a pump due to damaged bolts is estimated and corresponding leakage rate was estimated by SQUIRT code. The results exhibit that even in the case of 3 damaged bolts the leakage rate satisfies the allowable level, 1 gpm. However, continuous in-service inspection is still required to ensure the safety of bolts as considering the development of leakage rate.
High-level production of a functional immunoglobulin heterodimer in a baculovirus expression system. (1990)

A murine immunoglobulin heterodimer has been expressed in a baculovirus expression system. This was achieved by using both double infection of insect cells with separate heavy- and light-chain-expressing viruses and infection with a double-recombinant virus containing both the immunoglobulin heavy- and light-chain cDNAs. In both cases, the polypeptide chains were correctly processed, glycosylated, and assembled into normal H2L2 (H = heavy, L = light) immunoglobulin monomers. These molecules bound antigen and expressed both polyclonal idiotype and monoclonal idiotopes. Furthermore, the transfer vectors described have been modified to contain the F1 origin of replication for the production of single-stranded DNA, which facilitates site-specific mutations of either the polyhedrin promoter or the inserted foreign gene. Use of this system should significantly advance the analysis of the structural bases for both idiotype expression and antigen binding by immunoglobulin. More importantly, it provides a generic method for the high-level expression of antibodies of diverse interest.
Biodegradable and biocompatible poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres as an adjuvant for staphylococcal enterotoxin B toxoid which enhances the level of toxin-neutralizing antibodies (1991)

Microspheres composed of biocompatible, biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (DL-PLG) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) toxoid were evaluated as a vaccine delivery system when subcutaneously injected into mice. As measured by circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) antitoxin titers, the delivery of SEB toxoid via DL-PLG microspheres, 1 to 10 microns in diameter, induced an immune response which was approximately 500 times that seen with nonencapsulated toxoid. The kinetics, magnitude, and duration of the antitoxin response induced with microencapsulated toxoid were similar to those obtained when an equal toxoid dose was administered as an emulsion with complete Freund adjuvant. However, the microspheres did not induce the inflammation and granulomata formation seen with complete Freund adjuvant. The adjuvant activity of the microspheres was not dependent on the superantigenicity of SEB toxin and was equally effective at potentiating circulating IgG antitrinitrophenyl levels in response to microencapsulated trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Empty DL-PLG microspheres were not mitogenic, and SEB toxoid injected as a mixture with empty DL-PLG microspheres was no more effective as an immunogen than toxoid alone. Antigen-containing microspheres 1 to 10 microns in diameter exhibited stronger adjuvant activity than those greater than 10 microns, which correlated with the delivery of the 1- to 10-microns, but not the greater than 10-microns, microspheres into the draining lymph nodes within macrophages. The antibody response induced through immunization with microencapsulated SEB toxoid was protective against the weight loss and splenic V beta 8+ T-cell expansion induced by intravenous toxin administration. These results show that DL-PLG microsphere vaccine delivery systems, which are composed of pharmaceutically acceptable components, possess a strong adjuvant activity for their encapsulated antigens.
FOOD UTILIZATION AND EGESTION RATES OF THE PREDATOR GEOCORIS PUNCTIPES (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA) FED ARTIFICIAL DIETS WITH RUTIN (1988)

A predaceous hemipteran, Geocoris punctipes (Say) was fed an artificial diet containing 0, 0.01, 0.10, or 1.00% rutin, a plant secondary chemical known to affect adversely certain phytophagous insects. Survival rates, exuvial weights, egg weights, relative growth rates, consumption indices, growth efficiencies, metabolic efficiencies and digestive efficiencies were unaffected by any of the rutin concentrations tested. Frass production for nymphs and adults was decreased by all rutin treatments. Uric acid excretion was decreased by all rutin concentrations in adult G. punctipes but not in nymphal insects.
Cyclosporin in atopic dermatitis: a multicentre placebo-controlled study (1994)

The efficacy of cyclosporin (Sandimmun) given in a daily dose of 5 mg/kg for 6 weeks in severe atopic dermatitis was confirmed in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, short-term study. Of the 46 patients included in the study, 23 were randomized to receive cyclosporin and 23 to receive placebo. Four of the 23 patients (17%) on cyclosporin, and 14 of the 23 patients (61%) who received placebo, discontinued the trial because of inefficacy. All patients who discontinued the trial were assessed following the principle of 'intention to treat'. Compared with the baseline, the mean scores for disease severity [6-area, total body severity assessment (TBSA)] improved by 55%, and the mean scores for extent of disease [rule-of-nines area assessment (RoNAA)] improved by 40%, in patients treated with cyclosporin. Nine of the patients who received cyclosporin and completed the study (n = 14) had an individual reduction of disease severity (TBSA) of 75% or more, and in three patients this reduction was nearly 100%. In the placebo group, a mean worsening of disease severity (4%) and of extent of the disease (25%), compared with the baseline, was observed at week 6. Patients' and investigators' mean scores for the overall efficacy were similar, and showed a statistically significant difference in favour of cyclosporin. Two patients on cyclosporin developed hypertension during therapy, and one of these withdrew from the study. At the end of the trial, no statistically significant differences in the systolic or diastolic blood pressures were observed between the two groups. In the cyclosporin group, the increases in the values of serum creatinine and bilirubin at week 6, compared with the respective values at the baseline, were statistically significantly different from those in the placebo group, but all values normalized in the post-treatment period. Cyclosporin can be a safe and very effective treatment in episodes of severe atopic dermatitis, provided that the recommended guidelines for its administration are strictly observed.
Structures, Photoluminescence, and Reversible Vapoluminescence Properties of Neutral Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Extended π-Conjugated Cyclometalated Ligands (2006)

Reacting K2PtCl4 with the tridentate R-C(wedge)N(wedge)C-H2 ligands 2,6-di-(2'-naphthyl)-4-R-pyridine (R = H, 1a; Ph, 1b; 4-BrC6H4, 1c; 3,5-F2C6H3, 1d) in glacial acetic acid, followed by heating in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), gave complexes [(R-C(wedge)N(wedge)C)Pt(DMSO)] (2a-d). In the crystal structures of 2a-c, the molecules are paired in a head-to-tail orientation with Pt...Pt separations >6.3 A, and there are extensive close C-H...pi (d = 2.656-2.891 A), pi...pi (d = 3.322-3.399 A), and C-H...O=S (d = 2.265-2.643 A) contacts. [(Ph-C(wedge)N(wedge)C)Pt(PPh3)] (3) was prepared by reacting 2b with PPh3. Reactions of 2a-d with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) gave [(R-C(wedge)N(wedge)C)2Pt2(mu-dppm)] (4a-d). Both head-to-head (syn) and head-to-tail (anti) conformations were found for 4a.6CHCl3.C5H12, whereas only one conformation was observed for 4b.2CHCl3 (syn), 4c.3CH2Cl2 (syn), and 4d.2CHCl3 (anti). In the crystal structures of 4a-d, there are close intramolecular Pt...Pt contacts of 3.272-3.441 A in the syn conformers, and long intramolecular Pt...Pt separations of 5.681-5.714 A in the anti conformers. There are weak C-H...X (d = 2.497-3.134 A) and X...X (X = Cl or Br; d = 2.973-3.655 A) interactions between molecules 4a-d and occluded CHCl3/CH2Cl2 molecules, and their solvent channels are of varying diameters (approximately 9-28 A). Complexes 2a-d, 3, and 4a-d are photoluminescent in the solid state, with emission maxima at 602-643 nm. Upon exposure to volatile organic compounds, 4a shows a fast and reversible vapoluminescent response, which is most intense with volatile halogenated solvents (except CCl4). Powder X-ray diffraction analysis of desolvated 4a revealed a more condensed molecular packing of syn and anti complexes than crystal 4a.6CHCl3.C5H12.
Video partitioning by temporal slice coherency (2001)

We present a novel approach for video partitioning by detecting three essential types of camera breaks, namely cuts, wipes, and dissolves. The approach is based on the analysis of temporal slices which are extracted from the video by slicing through the sequence of video frames and collecting temporal signatures. Each of these slices contains both spatial and temporal information from which coherent regions are indicative of uninterrupted video partitions separated by camera breaks. Properties could further be extracted from the slice for both the detection and classification of camera breaks. For example, cut and wipes are detected by color-texture properties, while dissolves are detected by statistical characteristics. The approach has been tested by extensive experiments.
Data on gene and protein expression changes induced by apabetalone (RVX-208) in ex vivo treated human whole blood and primary hepatocytes (2016)

Apabetalone (RVX-208) inhibits the interaction between epigenetic regulators known as bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins and acetyl-lysine marks on histone tails. Data presented here supports the manuscript published in Atherosclerosis "RVX-208, a BET-inhibitor for Treating Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Raises ApoA-I/HDL and Represses Pathways that Contribute to Cardiovascular Disease" (Gilham et al., 2016) [1]. It shows that RVX-208 and a comparator BET inhibitor (BETi) JQ1 increase mRNA expression and production of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), the main protein component of high density lipoproteins, in primary human and African green monkey hepatocytes. In addition, reported here are gene expression changes from a microarray-based analysis of human whole blood and of primary human hepatocytes treated with RVX-208.
α1‐Acid glycoprotein fucosylation as a marker of carcinoma progression and prognosis (2004)

Patients with advanced malignancies who had AGP glycoforms that contained highly fucosylated triantennary and tetraantennary sugar chains for long periods after surgery were likely to have a poor prognosis. However, patients who had AGP glycoforms without such changes were expected to have a good prognosis.
The mouse tie receptor tyrosine kinase gene: expression during embryonic angiogenesis. (1994)

Angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels are formed, is essential in reproduction, development, wound repair and oncogenesis. Endothelial receptor tyrosine kinases are likely to play key roles in the intercellular signalling controlling angiogenesis. We have here analysed the expression of the endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase tie during the earliest stages of vascular development. The mouse tie cDNA was isolated and sequenced and the exon structure of the coding region was determined. The part of the tie gene encoding the extracellular domain was found to be organized in exons specifying the characteristic domains of the Tie polypeptide. Early postimplantation mouse tissues were analysed for tie expression by in situ hybridization. No tie mRNA was detected in 7.5 day mouse embryos. In 8.5 day embryos, tie expression was observed in differentiating angioblasts of the head mesenchyme, in the splanchnopleure and dorsal aorta as well as in migrating endothelial cells of the developing heart. A weak tie signal was also obtained from angioblasts in the blood islands of the yolk sac. Furthermore, tie mRNA was prominent in the endocardium of the embryo and in the endothelial cells forming the lung vasculature. Expression of tie persisted in the lung capillaries of adult mice, but was decreased in the endocardium. These results suggest that the tie receptor tyrosine kinase is involved in angiogenesis and/or maintenance of endothelial cell functions.
Chip-scale atomic magnetometer (2004)

Using the techniques of microelectromechanical systems, we have constructed a small low-power magnetic sensor based on alkali atoms. We use a coherent population trapping resonance to probe the interaction of the atoms’ magnetic moment with a magnetic field, and we detect changes in the magnetic flux density with a sensitivity of 50pTHz−1∕2 at 10Hz. The magnetic sensor has a size of 12mm3 and dissipates 195mW of power. Further improvements in size, power dissipation, and magnetic field sensitivity are immediately foreseeable, and such a device could provide a hand-held battery-operated magnetometer with an atom shot-noise limited sensitivity of 0.05pTHz−1∕2.
Potential role of targeted therapies in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (2015)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer type that affects women and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype and accounts for 10–20% of all breast cancer cases. TNBC is commonly characterized by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and the Her2/neu receptor and is usually diagnosed by immunohistochemistry. Mutations in the BRCA1 gene, as well as overexpression of oncogenic kinases, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/IGF-1 receptor, and transforming growth factor-β1, have been found to be correlated with a higher risk of metastasis and poor overall survival in TNBC patients. The current review briefly discusses the various treatment options including chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies that are available currently for the therapy of TNBC patients and highlights their comparative benefits and disadvantages for clinical application.
A CRISPR-based base-editing screen for the functional assessment of BRCA1 variants (2019)

Genetic mutations in BRCA1, which is crucial for the process of DNA repair and maintenance of genomic integrity, are known to increase markedly the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Clinical genetic testing has been used to identify new BRCA1 variants; however, functional assessment and determination of their pathogenicity still poses challenges for clinical management. Here, we describe that CRISPR-mediated cytosine base editor, known as BE3, can be used for the functional analysis of BRCA1 variants. We performed CRISPR-mediated base-editing screening using 745 gRNAs targeting all exons in BRCA1 to identify loss-of-function variants and identified variants whose function has heretofore remained unknown, such as c.-97C>T, c.154C>T, c.3847C>T, c.5056C>T, and c.4986+5G>A. Our results show that CRISPR-mediated base editor is a powerful tool for the reclassification of variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) in BRCA1.
Backward mode detection of laser-induced wide-band ultrasonic transients with optoacoustic transducer (2000)

Time-resolved piezoelectric detection of wide-band ultrasonic transients induced by laser pulses in absorbing medium was studied. An optoacoustic transducer was developed for measuring the profiles of ultrasonic transients propagating in backward direction out of the laser-irradiated medium. For this purpose, an optical fiber for delivery of laser pulses to the surface of absorbing medium and a wide-band lithium niobate acoustic transducer were incorporated in one compact system, optoacoustic front surface transducer (OAFST). The transducer possesses temporal resolution (rise time) of 3.5 ns, low effective thermal noise pressure (10 Pa), and high sensitivity of piezoelectric detection (10 μV/Pa) over the ultrasonic frequency range from 1 to 100 MHz. Nd:YAG laser pulses at 355 nm were employed to generate distribution of acoustic sources in water solutions of potassium chromate with various concentrations. A temporal course of ultrasonic transients launched into an optically and acoustically transparent medium, coupled to the absorbing medium, was studied. Ultrasonic profiles experimentally measured at the site of laser irradiation were compared with profiles calculated using theoretical model. Experimental curves were in a good agreement with theoretical profiles. The backward detection mode permitted accurate reconstruction of the axial distribution of heat deposition in the laser-irradiated homogeneous or layered medium from the measured profiles. OAFST may become a useful modality for optoacoustic imaging in biological tissues and nondestructive evaluation of industrial materials.
Antiviral Activities of Oral 1-O-Hexadecylpropanediol-3-Phosphoacyclovir and Acyclovir in Woodchucks with Chronic Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Infection (2000)

Acyclovir triphosphate is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase, but acyclovir treatment provides no benefit in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. This is due in part to the fact that hepatitis B virus, unlike herpes simplex virus, does not code for a viral thymidine kinase which catalyzes the initial phosphorylation of acyclovir. We synthesized 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho (3-P)-acyclovir and found that it was highly active in reducing hepatitis B virus replication in 2.2. 15 cells, while acyclovir was inactive. The greater antiviral activity of 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-P-acyclovir appeared to be due to liver cell metabolism of the compound to acyclovir monophosphate (K. Y. Hostetler et al., Biochem. Pharmacol. 53:1815-1822, 1997). However, a closely related compound without a hydroxyl group at the sn-2 position of glycerol, 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-P-acyclovir, was more active and selective in 2.2.15 cells in vitro. In this study, we treated woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus with increasing oral doses of 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-P-acyclovir and assessed the response to therapy versus acyclovir or a placebo. At a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight twice a day, the test compound significantly inhibited viral replication in vivo, as indicated by a 95% reduction in serum woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA levels and by a 54% reduction in levels of woodchuck hepatitis virus replicative intermediates in the liver. Higher doses were somewhat less effective. In contrast, 20 mg of acyclovir/kg twice daily, a 5. 3-fold-higher molar dosage, had no demonstrable activity against woodchuck hepatitis virus. Oral 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-P-acyclovir appeared to be safe and effective in chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
A Highly Active and Recyclable Catalytic System for CO2/Propylene Oxide Copolymerization (2008)

Converting CO2 into polymer: A catalytic system that produces a high molecular weight CO2/propylene oxide copolymer with high activity and selectivity is disclosed. After filtration through silica gel, elution of the catalyst leaves a solid phase with a negligible metal residue (see picture). The catalyst can be reused without significant loss of performance.