gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital tape drawing (1999)

Tape drawing is the art of creating sketches on large scale upright surfaces using black photographic tape.Typically used in the automotive industry, it is an important part of the automotive design process that is currently not computerized.We analyze and describe the unique aspects of tape drawing, and use this knowledge to design and implement a digital tape drawing system.Our system retains the fundamental interaction and visual affordances of the traditional media while leveraging the power of the digital media.Aside from the practical aspect of our work, the interaction techniques developed have interesting implications for current theories of human bimanual interaction.
Oxidation of long-chain and related alcohols to carbonyls by dimethyl sulfoxide "activated" by oxalyl chloride (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of long-chain and related alcohols to carbonyls by dimethyl sulfoxide "activated" by oxalyl chlorideAnthony J. Mancuso, Shui-Lung Huang, and Daniel SwernCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 12, 2480–2482Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00406a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00406a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10170Altmetric-Citations1485LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identical TCR β-Chain Rearrangements in Streptococcal Angina and Skin Lesions of Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris (2006)

Tonsillar infection with Streptococcus pyogenes may induce several nonsuppurative autoimmune sequelae. The precise pathogenetic mechanisms behind this clinically well-established association are still unresolved. Using TCR analysis, we sought to identify a link between streptococcal tonsillitis and the T cell-mediated autoimmune response in psoriasis. Three patients with streptococcal-induced psoriasis underwent tonsillectomy. Using size spectratyping and sequencing of TCR beta-chain variable region gene (TCRBV) rearrangements, we compared the TCR usage of psoriatic skin lesions, blood, tonsils, and tonsillar T cells fractionated according to the expression of the skin address in "cutaneous lymphocyte-associated Ag" (CLA). TCRBV-size spectratype analysis of the blood lymphocytes, tonsils, and the CLA-negative tonsillar T cells revealed largely unselected T cell populations. Instead, TCRBV gene families of the psoriatic lesions and skin-homing CLA-positive tonsillar T cells displayed highly restricted spectratypes. Sequencing of TCRBV cDNA identified various clonal TCRBV rearrangements within the psoriatic lesions that indicated Ag-driven T cell expansion. Several of these clonotypes were also detected within the tonsils and, in one of the patients, within the small subset of CLA-positive tonsillar T cells, suggesting that T cells from the same T cell clones were simultaneously present within skin and tonsillar tissue. Because after tonsillectomy psoriasis cleared in all three patients our observations indicate that T cells may connect psoriatic inflammation to streptococcal angina. They suggest that the chronic streptococcal immune stimulus within the tonsils could act as a source for pathogenic T cells in poststreptococcal disorders, and they may help to explain why eliminating this source with tonsillectomy may improve streptococcal-induced sequelae.
A Second‐Generation Photocage for Zn2+ Inspired by TPEN: Characterization and Insight into the Uncaging Quantum Yields of ZinCleav Chelators (2011)

Photocages have been used to elucidate the biological functions of various small molecules and Ca(2+) ; however, there are very few photocages available for other metal ions. ZinCleav-2 (1-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine) is a second-generation photocage for Zn(2+) that releases the metal ion after a light-induced bifurcation of the chelating ligand. The structure of ZinCleav-2 was inspired by TPEN (N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine), which is routinely used to sequester metal ions in cells owing to its high binding affinity. Inclusion of a 2-nitrobenzyl chromophore leads to the formation of two more weakly binding di-(2-picolyl)amine (DPA) fragments upon photolysis of the TPEN backbone. The desired ligand was prepared using a modified procedure used to access ZinCleav-1 (1-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)-N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine). ZinCleav-2 has a conditional dissociation constant (K(d) ) of ∼0.9 fM as measured by competitive titration with a quinoline-based fluorescent sensor for Zn(2+). The K(d) of the Zn(2+) complex of the DPA photoproducts is ∼158 nM; therefore, the ΔK(d) for ZinCleav-2 photocage is ∼10(8). A large ΔK(d) is required to significantly perturb free metal ion concentrations in biological assays. The quantum yield of photolysis of apo ZinCleav-2 and the [Zn(ZinCleav-2)](2+) complex are 4.7 and 2.3 %, respectively, as determined by HPLC analysis. Proof of concept Zn(2+) release upon photolysis of [Zn(ZinCleav-2)](2+) was demonstrated using the fluorescent sensor Zinpyr-1, and the speciation of Zn(2+) complexes was simulated using computational methods. The influence of benzylic substituents on the quantum yield of uncaging is also analyzed with the aim of tuning the photochemical properties caged complexes for in vivo experiments.
Clinical Significance of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) (2013)

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v4i1.13676 AKMMC J 2013; 4(1): 3-5
Isolation and function of a receptor for human lactoferrin in human fetal intestinal brush-border membranes (1991)

Iron absorption is known to be higher from human milk than from infant formula or bovine milk. The high bioavailability of human milk iron suggests that lactoferrin (Lf), the major iron-binding protein in human milk, may be a factor contributing to iron absorption in infants. We have isolated a human Lf receptor from solubilized human fetal intestinal brush-border membranes by affinity chromatography using immobilized human Lf. We also investigated the interaction of 125I-labeled human Lf and bovine Lf with brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) from human small intestine using a rapid filtration technique. The molecular weight of the receptor was 110,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions and 37,000 under reducing conditions. Competitive binding studies demonstrated specific binding of human Lf. The binding was pH dependent, with an optimum between pH 6.5 and 7.5. Scatchard plot analysis indicated 4.3 x 10(14) binding sites/mg membrane protein with an affinity constant of 0.3 x 10(6) M-1 for human Lf. Both half-Lf and deglycosylated Lf bound to the receptor with an affinity similar to intact Lf. In contrast, little binding of bovine Lf or human transferrin to human BBMVs occurred. These results suggest that the brush-border membrane receptor for human Lf may be responsible for the high iron absorption from human milk.
Targeted Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis with Contrast Microbubbles Conjugated to Integrin-Binding Knottin Peptides (2010)

Integrin-binding knottin peptides can be conjugated to the surface of microbubbles and used for in vivo targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of tumor angiogenesis. Our results demonstrate that microbubbles conjugated to small peptide-targeting ligands provide imaging signals higher than those provided by a large antibody molecule.
Urate oxidase: primary structure and evolutionary implications. (1989)

Urate oxidase, or uricase (EC 1.7.3.3), is a peroxisomal enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin in most mammals. In humans and certain other primates, however, the enzyme has been lost by some unknown mechanism. To identify the molecular basis for this loss, urate oxidase cDNA clones were isolated from pig, mouse, and baboon, and their DNA sequences were determined. The mouse urate oxidase open reading frame encodes a 303-amino acid polypeptide, while the pig and baboon urate oxidase cDNAs encode a 304-amino acid polypeptide due to a single codon deletion/insertion event. The authenticity of this single additional codon was confirmed by sequencing the mouse and pig genomic copies of the gene. The urate oxidase sequence contains a domain similar to the type 2 copper binding motif found in other copper binding proteins, suggesting that the copper ion in urate oxidase is coordinated as a type 2 structure. Based upon a comparison of the NH2-terminal peptide and deduced sequences, we propose that the maturation of pig urate oxidase involves the posttranslational cleavage of a six-amino acid peptide. Two nonsense mutations were found in the human urate oxidase gene, which confirms, at the molecular level, that the urate oxidase gene in humans is nonfunctional. The sequence comparisons favor the hypothesis that the loss of urate oxidase in humans is due to a sudden mutational event rather than a progressive mutational process.
Aquaporin gene expression and regulation in the ovine fetal lung (2003)

Fetal lung development is dependent upon secretion of liquid into the future airways which must be cleared at birth to establish air-breathing. Aquaporins (AQP) 1, 3, 4 and 5 are membranous water channel proteins that are present in the lung after birth in rodents, with little expression before birth. Our aim was to describe the changes in AQP1, 3, 4 and 5 expression and protein levels in the fetal lung of a long-gestation species (sheep) and in response to physiological factors known to alter fetal lung liquid dynamics. Both mRNA and high protein levels were detected for AQP1, 3, 4 and 5 by day 100 (term is ~150 days in ovine fetuses). A cortisol infusion (120-131 days) significantly (P < 0.05) increased AQP1 (0.9 +/- 0.2 (n = 4) vs.1.8 +/- 0.3 (n = 5)) and AQP5 (8.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 14.1 +/- 1.2) mRNA levels in fetal lung (measured by real-time PCR). Ten days of tracheal obstruction significantly (P < 0.05) decreased AQP5 mRNA levels (6.1 +/- 0.9 (n = 5) vs. 2.7 +/- 0.3 (n = 5)). Immunohistochemistry was used to show that protein levels changed in parallel with the mRNA changes. These findings suggest that AQPs could be involved in lung liquid production and reabsorption during fetal development in long-gestation species.
Facile and controllable electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide and its applications (2009)

Graphene oxide is electrochemically reduced which is called electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ER-G). ER-G is characterized with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The oxygen content is significantly decreased and the sp2 carbon is restored after electrochemical reduction. ER-G exhibits much higher electrochemical capacitance and cycling durability than carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and chemically reduced graphene; the specific capacitance measured with cyclic voltammetry (20 mV s−1) is ∼165, ∼86, and ∼100 F g−1 for ER-G, CNTs, and chemically reduced graphene, respectively. The electrochemical reduction of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide are greatly enhanced on ER-G electrodes as compared with CNTs. ER-G has shown promising features for applications in energy storage, biosensors, and electrocatalysis.
[Gly14]‐Humanin improved the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in vivo (2001)

Humanin is a very recently discovered 24 amino acid linear polypeptide, which protects against cell death induced by either familial Alzheimer's disease mutant of amyloid precursor protein, presenilin-1 or presenilin-2 in vitro. However, it has remained uncertain whether humanin is a useful drug for the animal model of learning and memory deficit. In this study, we evaluated the effects of [Gly(14)]-humanin, a more potent humanin analogue, on the scopolamine HBr (1 mg kg(-1) s.c.)-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation behaviour in the Y-maze, an index of short-term memory in mice. [Gly(14)]-Humanin (1000 pmol 5 microl(-1) i.c.v.) reversed the impairment without affecting the number of arm entries. These results suggest that (I) [Gly(14)]-humanin is a beneficial drug for the impairment of learning and memory and (II) it modulates the learning and memory function mediated via cholinergic systems in mice.
Efficient content location based on interest-cluster in peer-to-peer system (2005)

Content location is a challenging problem in decentralized peer-to-peer systems. And query-flooding algorithm in Gnutella system suffers from poor scalability and considerable network overhead. Currently, based on the Small-world pattern in the P2P system, a piggyback algorithm called interest-based shortcuts gets a relatively better performance. However, we believe it could be improved and become even more efficient, and a cluster-based algorithm is put forward. The main concern of our algorithm is to narrow the search scope in content location. Resource shortcuts are grouped into clusters according to their contents, and resource queries are only searched in related shortcut clusters, so that the search efficiency is guaranteed and the network bandwidth is saved. In our experiment, cluster-based algorithm uses only 40% shortcuts roughly, compared with the former algorithm, and the same success rate is achieved. At the end, we refer the relationship between cluster-based algorithm and semantic overlay networks, which is a potential kind of overlay in the future.
IgG rheumatoid factor: analysis of various species of IgG for detection by radioimmunoassay. (1981)

IgM RF is known to react with many species of IgG. This study examined nine species of IgG to determine which was the most sensitive and specific to detect IgG RF by radioimmunoassay. For 19 IgM RF-positive sera, horse IgG was significantly more sensitive than all IgG preparations tested except rabbit IgG. The IgG used include sheep, swine, goat, bovine, and chicken as well as human and baboon Fc. For 22 IgM RF-negative sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, only one was positive for IgG RF with rabbit IgG, whereas five were positive with horse IgG. Analysis after preparative ultracentrifugation of a variety of sera positive and negative for IgM RF indicated that horse IgG was more sensitive, whereas rabbit IgG was more specific for the detection of IgG RF by our radioimmunoassay. IgM RF, on the other hand, was more sensitively detected by human Fc than by any preparation other than whole human IgG.
Protection conferred by recombinantYersinia pestisantigens produced by a rapid and highly scalable plant expression system (2006)

Plague is still an endemic disease in different regions of the world. Increasing reports of incidence, the discovery of antibiotic resistance strains, and concern about a potential use of the causative bacteria Yersinia pestis as an agent of biological warfare have highlighted the need for a safe, efficacious, and rapidly producible vaccine. The use of F1 and V antigens and the derived protein fusion F1-V has shown great potential as a protective vaccine in animal studies. Plants have been extensively studied for the production of pharmaceutical proteins as an inexpensive and scalable alternative to common expression systems. In the current study the recombinant plague antigens F1, V, and fusion protein F1-V were produced by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana by using a deconstructed tobacco mosaic virus-based system that allowed very rapid and extremely high levels of expression. All of the plant-derived purified antigens, administered s.c. to guinea pigs, generated systemic immune responses and provided protection against an aerosol challenge of virulent Y. pestis.
Identification of an immunodominant B cell epitope on the hepatitis C virus nonstructural region defined by human monoclonal antibodies (1991)

Several EBV-transformed B cell lines (BCL) were obtained from two patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection that secreted IgG class antibodies to the HCV nonstructural Ag c100-3. Two cloned BCL, derived from the same parental line, generated stable cloned lines that secreted up to 20 mg/liter of specific IgG1(kappa). Supernatants from oligoclonal and cloned BCL were also analyzed by immunoblot and all strongly reacted with recombinant polypeptides derived from the putative NS4 region of HCV, c100-3 and 5-1-1 (a 42-amino acid fragment of c100-3), whereas no reaction with the viral nucleoprotein, the NS3 nonstructural protein or the superoxide dismutase moiety of the c100-3 fusion protein could be documented. The fine specificity of these antibodies was also evaluated using overlapping synthetic peptides (20-mers) covering the 5-1-1 sequence. All oligoclonal and clonal IgG displayed high affinity binding to peptides covering residues 120-137 of Chiron's c100-3 sequence at the aminoterminus of 5-1-1. In addition, a minimal B cell epitope, N-VLYREF-C, was defined by human oligoclonal and monoclonal antibodies corresponding to residues 132-137. Interestingly, predominant recognition of the N-terminus of 5-1-1 was also observed in more than 80% of sera from patients with HCV infection. In conclusion, we have successfully produced human B cell cloned lines that secrete abundant quantities of IgG1(kappa)-specific for a polypeptide encoded by the NS4 region of HCV. Such antibodies recognize an immunodominant epitope, relative to this region, located at the N-terminus of the 5-1-1 fragment.
A Brief History of the Pneumococcus in Biomedical Research: A Panoply of Scientific Discovery (1993)

Because of its prominence as a cause of disease in humans, Streptococcus pneumoniae has been the subject of intensive investigation at both the clinical level and the basic scientific level during the past century. In a number of instances, these studies have resulted in important progress toward the comprehension of basic biological principles. The areas advanced by studies of the pneumococcus include an understanding of the concept of pathogenesis of infectious disease; the development of Gram's stain for identification of bacteria in specimens from patients; the elucidation of the role of the bacterial capsule in resistance to phagocytosis by cells of the host's immune system; the demonstration that molecules other than proteins are capable of eliciting the host's humoral immune responses and later, by extension, that isolated bacterial exopolysaccharides can be used safely and effectively as vaccines in humans; the documentation of the efficacy of penicillin; the collection of conclusive evidence that DNA encodes genetic information; and the investigation of putative proteinaceous virulence factors.
Immunological response to a Staphylococcus aureus fibronectin-binding protein (1992)

A protein (gal-FnBP), constructed by fusion of the genes encoding beta-galactosidase of Escherichia coli and the binding domains of fibronectin-binding protein (FnBP) of Staphylococcus aureus was used. FnBP is a surface protein responsible for attachment of bacteria to extracellular matrix of various host tissues. Gal-FnBP is more stable and can be produced in larger quantities than native FnBP. The binding specificity of this fusion protein was established in a Western blot analysis. Treatment of gal-FnBP with formalin inactivated the binding capacity of the protein but immunogenicity was retained. Immunisation of mice with formalin-treated gal-FnBP resulted in high antibody titres against the fibronectin-binding part of this fusion protein. These antibodies were measured by their ability to block the specific binding of fibronectin to gal-FnBP in a blocking assay. Sera raised against formalin-treated gal-FnBP and non-treated gal-FnBP blocked this binding to 40 and 25% respectively, thereby indicating the usefulness of gal-FnBP as a vaccine component.
Polypeptide Structure of Germin as Deduced from cDNA Sequencing (1989)

Synthesis of a relatively rare glycoprotein (germin) signals the onset of growth in germinating wheat embryos. Germin mRNA (1075 nucleotide residues) has an 85-residue 5'-untranslated sequence, a 69-residue sequence that can encode a 23-residue signal-peptide sequence, a 603-residue sequence that can encode a 201-residue mature-protein sequence, and a 318-residue 3'-untranslated sequence that begins with a UAA-terminator codon, ends with a 63-residue polyadenylate tract, and has three polyadenylation (and other, related) signals (AAUAAN etc.). One polyadenylation signal is just 9 nucleotides from the polyadenylation site, the shortest stretch of nucleotides yet found between polyadenylation signal and site in any animal or plant mRNA. The mature-protein coding sequence in germin mRNA contains an unusually high proportion (87%) of G + C in the third positions of its codons. The amino acid sequence of germin does not have extensive internal homologies or repetitions, and it is not characterized by regions of unusually high charge density, as is nucleoplasmin, another water-soluble homopentameric protein with otherwise closely related structural properties. Germin does, however, contain a stretch of 34 uncharged amino acid residues and these may possibly mediate its homopentameric structure and its remarkable resistance to enzymic proteolysis. In view of a possible association of germin with cellular membranes, the most interesting relatedness of the germin sequence to the sequences of other proteins is an 80% homology between a decapeptide sequence in mature germin and a decapeptide sequence in Escherichia coli glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. The relation of germin-gene structure to overall gene regulation during early plant growth is discussed.