gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of a one-dimensional metallophotonic crystal (2004)

We analyze the structure of a periodic arrangement of optically thick metallic gratings that have very narrow slits. This structure permits perfect transmission of light in some frequency range and is analogous to a one-dimensional all-dielectric photonic crystal. Our study shows this structure has many unusual features due to evanescent modes. One of these is that its band diagram has flat bands at long wavelengths. Another feature is that this structure can enhance the fields locally. More significantly, we show that a manipulation of the positions of the slits on adjacent metal films produces lateral displacement along the grating surface for a transmitted beam of finite cross section. This shift is similar to the birefringence in crystal optics.
Dual Templating of Macroporous Silicates with Zeolitic Microporous Frameworks (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDual Templating of Macroporous Silicates with Zeolitic Microporous FrameworksBrian T. Holland, Lloyd Abrams, and Andreas SteinView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 DuPont Central Research & Development Contribution No. 7910, Wilmington, Delaware, 19880 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 17, 4308–4309Publication Date (Web):April 16, 1999Publication History Received10 February 1999Published online16 April 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja990425phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja990425prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3343Altmetric-Citations436LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Materials,Porous materials,Silica,Silicon,Zeolites Get e-Alerts
High-speed distributed data handling for on-line instrumentation systems (1997)

The advent (and promise) of shared, widely available, high-speed networks provides the potential for new approaches to the collection, organization, storage, and analysis of high-speed and high-volume data streams from high data-rate, on-line instruments. We have worked in this area for several years, have identified and addressed a variety of problems associated with this scenario, and have evolved an architecture, implementations, and a monitoring methodology that have been successful in addressing several different application areas.In this paper we describe a distributed, wide area network-based architecture that deals with data streams that originate from on-line instruments. Such instruments and imaging systems are a staple of modern scientific, health care, and intelligence environments. Our work provides an approach for reliable, distributed real-time analysis, cataloguing, and archiving of the data streams through the integration and distributed management of a high-speed distributed cache, distributed high-performance applications, and tertiary storage systems.
Nuclear localization activity of phytochrome B (1996)

Phytochromes are soluble red/far-red-light photoreceptor proteins which mediate various photomorphogenic responses of plants. Despite much effort, the signal transduction mechanism of phytochrome has remained obscure. Phytochromes are encoded by a small multigene family in Arabidopsis. Among the members of the family, phytochrome A (phyA) and B (phyB) are the best characterized. PhyB contains putative nuclear localization signals within its C-terminal region. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants were produced with expressed a fusion protein consisting of GUS and C-terminal fragments of phyB. GUS staining from the fusion protein in these transgenic plants was observed in the nucleus, which suggests that the nuclear localization signal of the fragment is functional. Next, it was examined whether the endogenous phyB was detected in the nucleus. Nuclei were isolated from the light-grown wild-type Arabidopsis leaves and subjected to the immunoblot analysis. The result indicated that a substantial fraction of total phyB was recovered in the isolated nuclei. This result was further confirmed by the immunocytochemical analysis of the protoplasts. Finally, the effects of light treatments on the levels of phyB in the isolated nuclei were examined. Dark adaptation of the plants before the nuclear isolation reduced the levels of phyB. The reduction was accelerated by irradiation of plants with far-red light before the transfer to darkness. Thus, nuclear localization of phyB was suggested to be light-dependent.
Five-membered rings. II. Inter and intramolecular reactions of simple amines with N-substituted phthalimides. Methylamine as a reagent for removal of a phthaloyl group from nitrogen (1970)

A reexamination of the literature on inter and intramolecular reactions of amines with N-substituted phthalimides has led to the demonstration that methylamine is a convenient reagent for removal of a phthaloyl protecting group from nitrogen at room temperature. Application of this procedure (first described in 1896) to the Gabriel synthesis of primary amines and to peptide synthesis is recommended. The simplicity of the reaction is a consequence of the consecutive occurrence of two unexpectedly rapid processes: (1) methylaminolysis of one of the imide bonds; (2) intramolecular catalysis, by an N-methylamido group, of the hydrolysis or aminolysis of an adjacent phthalamido linkage.Some unsuccessful attempts to prepare 2-aminoethylphthalimide are also described.
Participation of epididymal cysteine-rich secretory proteins in sperm-egg fusion and their potential use for male fertility regulation (2007)

Rat protein DE is an androgen-dependent cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) synthesized by proximal epididymal regions. DE, also known as CRISP-1, is localized on the equatorial segment of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa and participates in gamete fusion through binding to egg complementary sites. Immunization of rats with DE inhibits fertility and sperm fusion ability, suggesting that DE represents a good epididymal contraceptive target. Recombinant DE fragments and synthetic peptides revealed that DE binds to the egg via a 12-amino acid region of an evolutionarily conserved motif, Signature 2 (S2). The ability of other CRISP to bind to the rat egg was correlated with their S2 amino acid sequences. Although testicular protein Tpx-1 (CRISP-2) was capable of binding to rodent eggs, human epididymal AEG-related protein (ARP) and helothermine (from lizard saliva) were not. The S2 region presented only two substitutions in Tpx-1 and four in ARP and helothermine, compared with the DE S2, suggesting that this amino acid sequence was relevant for egg interaction. Studies with Tpx-1 and anti-Tpx-1 revealed the participation of this protein in gamete fusion through binding to complementary sites in the egg. In competition studies, DE reduced binding of Tpx-1 dose-dependently, indicating that both CRISP share the egg complementary sites. That anti-DE and anti-Tpx-1 inhibit sperm-egg fusion while recognizing only the corresponding proteins, suggests functional cooperation between these homologous CRISP to ensure fertilization success. These results increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of gamete fusion and contribute to the development of new and safer fertility regulating methods.
Telomere restoration and extension of proliferative lifespan in dyskeratosis congenita fibroblasts (2007)

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC), an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, is caused by defects in telomerase. Somatic cells from DC patients have shortened telomeres and clinical symptoms are most pronounced in organs with a high cell turnover, including those involved in hematopoiesis and skin function. We previously identified an autosomal dominant (AD) form of DC that is caused by mutations in the telomerase RNA component (TER). In this study, we evaluated whether retroviral expression of TER and/or telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic component of telomerase, could extend telomere length and rescue AD DC cells from a phenotype characteristic of early senescence. Exogenous TER expression, without TERT, could not activate telomerase in AD DC skin fibroblasts. Transduction of TERT alone, however, provided AD DC cells with sufficient telomerase activity to extend average telomere length and proliferative capacity. Interestingly, we found that expression of TER and TERT together resulted in extension of lifespan and higher levels of telomerase and longer telomeres than expression of TERT alone in both AD DC and normal cells. Our results provide evidence that AD DC cells can be rescued from defects in telomere maintenance and proliferation, and that coexpression of TERT and TER together provides a more efficient means to elongate telomeres than expression of TERT alone. Similar strategies may be useful for ameliorating the detrimental effects of telomere shortening in AD DC and other diseases associated with telomerase or telomere defects.
FS118, a Bispecific Antibody Targeting LAG-3 and PD-L1, Enhances T-Cell Activation Resulting in Potent Antitumor Activity (2020)

This study demonstrates a novel benefit of the bispecific approach over a combination of mAbs and supports the further development of FS118 for the treatment of patients with cancer.
Classical Nuclear Localization Signals: Definition, Function, and Interaction with Importin α (2006)

The best understood system for the transport of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and the nucleus is the classical nuclear import pathway. In this pathway, a protein containing a classical basic nuclear localization signal (NLS) is imported by a heterodimeric import receptor consisting of the beta-karyopherin importin beta, which mediates interactions with the nuclear pore complex, and the adaptor protein importin alpha, which directly binds the classical NLS. Here we review recent studies that have advanced our understanding of this pathway and also take a bioinformatics approach to analyze the likely prevalence of this system in vivo. Finally, we describe how a predicted NLS within a protein of interest can be confirmed experimentally to be functionally important.
Tumour necrosis factor α-converting enzyme mediates ectodomain shedding of Vps10p-domain receptor family members (2006)

Several transmembrane molecules are cleaved at juxtamembrane extracellular sites leading to shedding of ectodomains. We analysed shedding of members of the Vps10p-D (Vps10p domain; where Vps is vacuolar protein sorting) family of neuronal type-I receptors with partially overlapping functions, and additional proteolytic events initiated by the shedding. When transfected into CHO (Chinese-hamster ovary) cells (CHO-K1), sorCS1a-sorCS1c isoforms were shed at high rates (approximately 0.61% x min(-1)) that were increased approx. 3-fold upon stimulation with phorbol ester. sorCS1c identified in the cultured neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was shed similarly. In CHO-K1 transfectants, constitutive and stimulated shedding of sorCS3 also occurred at high rates (0.29% and 1.03% x min(-1)). By comparison, constitutive and stimulated shedding of sorLA occurred at somewhat lower rates (0.07% and 0.48% x min(-1)), whereas sorCS2 and sortilin were shed at very low rates even when stimulated (approximately 0.01% x min(-1)). Except for sorCS2, shedding of the receptors was dramatically reduced in mutant CHO cells (CHO-M2) devoid of active TACE (tumour necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme), demonstrating that this enzyme accounts for most sheddase activity. The release of sorCS1 and sorLA ectodomains initiated rapid cleavage of the membrane-tethered C-terminal stubs that accumulated only in the presence of gamma-secretase inhibitors. Purified shed sorLA bound several ligands similarly to the entire luminal domain of the receptor, including PDGF-BB (platelet-derived growth factor-BB) and amyloid-beta precursor protein. In addition, PDGF-BB also bound to the luminal domains of sorCS1 and sorCS3. The results suggest that ectodomains shed from a subset of Vps10p-D receptors can function as carrier proteins.
NOD-scid IL2rγnull Mouse Model of Human Skin Transplantation and Allograft Rejection (2010)

NSG mice treated with anti-Gr1 antibody provide a model optimized for both human skin graft integrity and engraftment of a functional human immune system. This model provides the opportunity to investigate mechanisms orchestrating inflammation, wound healing, revascularization, tissue remodeling, and allograft rejection and can provide guidance for improving outcomes after clinical transplantation.
A flow cytometry-based screen identifies MBNL1 modulators that rescue splicing defects in myotonic dystrophy type I (2017)

Myotonic dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is a rare genetic disease caused by the expansion of CTG trinucleotide repeats ((CTG)exp) in the 3' untranslated region of the DMPK gene. The repeat transcripts sequester the RNA binding protein Muscleblind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) and hamper its normal function in pre-mRNA splicing. Overexpressing exogenous MBNL1 in the DM1 mouse model has been shown to rescue the splicing defects and reverse myotonia. Although a viable therapeutic strategy, pharmacological modulators of MBNL1 expression have not been identified. Here, we engineered a ZsGreen tag into the endogenous MBNL1 locus in HeLa cells and established a flow cytometry-based screening system to identify compounds that increase MBNL1 level. The initial screen of small molecule compound libraries identified more than thirty hits that increased MBNL1 expression greater than double the baseline levels. Further characterization of two hits revealed that the small molecule HDAC inhibitors, ISOX and vorinostat, increased MBNL1 expression in DM1 patient-derived fibroblasts and partially rescued the splicing defect caused by (CUG)exp repeats in these cells. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of this flow-based cytometry screen to identify both small molecule compounds and druggable targets for MBNL1 upregulation.
Grid supports design for dual-cooled fuel rods (2011)

To enhance fuel safety and to achieve a power uprating, a new concept PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) fuel, which is called a dual cooled fuel rod, has been studied since 2007. Although there are some challenging problems about each mechanical component, fuel rod supporting structures are especially dealt within this paper. In the dual-cooled annular fuel rod, an inner flow passage as well as an outer one is used not only to enhance the fuel safety but to achieve a power uprating through the decreasing fuel center temperature and increasing the heat transfer area between fuel and coolant. As a result, the diameter of dual-cooled fuel rods becomes 1.6 times bigger than a conventional solid fuel rod and the gap between the annular fuel and the spacer grid’s straps is narrowed. This is a current key issue of fuel rod supports. To accommodate the narrowed gap, spacer grids, such as the cantilever type, hemi-sphere type, circular insertion type, etc., were suggested. For some of these configurations, patents have been applied. The grid springs in a spacer grid play the role of holding the fuel rods in an appropriate position and preventing fuel rods from dropping during normal reactor operation. In the case of the dual cooled fuel rod, the total mass is increased. So, the stiffness of a grid spring has to be increased more than that of a conventional grid spring. However, if the stiffnesses of springs are increased too much, fuel rods can bend due to the prohibition of their axial slip. So, it is necessary to design an appropriate stiffness. In this paper, the minimum spring force to prevent dual-cooled fuel rods from dropping during normal reactor operation is calculated. The spring characteristics of a cantilever type and a hemi-sphere type are predicted. A finite element analysis is carried out by using the commercial code ABAQUS. The analysis results are verified by experiments. Finally, it is checked whether the property of the suggested springs satisfies the minimum required spring force. Based on the obtained results, a kind of spacer grid candidate for dual cooled fuel rods, i.e. a spacer grid with hybrid supports is suggested.
Aggregating UMLS semantic types for reducing conceptual complexity. (2001)

The conceptual complexity of a domain can make it difficult for users of information systems to comprehend and interact with the knowledge embedded in those systems. The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) currently integrates over 730,000 biomedical concepts from more than fifty biomedical vocabularies. The UMLS semantic network reduces the complexity of this construct by grouping concepts according to the semantic types that have been assigned to them. For certain purposes, however, an even smaller and coarser-grained set of semantic type groupings may be desirable. In this paper, we discuss our approach to creating such a set. We present six basic principles, and then apply those principles in aggregating the existing 134 semantic types into a set of 15 groupings. We present some of the difficulties we encountered and the consequences of the decisions we have made. We discuss some possible uses of the semantic groups, and we conclude with implications for future work.
A Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling LC–MS/MS Method for Five Immunosuppressants and Their Hematocrit Effects (2019)

<b>Aim:</b> The aim of this study was to develop and validate a LC-MS/MS assay for tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, cyclosporin A and mycophenolic acid using volumetric absorptive microsampling tips as a sampling device and to investigate the effect on the recoveries of the analyte concentration in combination with the hematocrit (HT), which included temsirolimus (a structural analog). <b>Results:</b> The maximum observed overall bias was 9.6% for the sirolimus LLOQ, while the maximum overall coefficient of variation was 8.3% for the everolimus LLOQ. All five immunosuppressants demonstrated to be stable in the volumetic absorbtive microsampling tips for at least 14 days at 25°C. Biases caused by HT effects were within 15% for all immunosuppressants between HT levels of 0.20 and 0.60 l/l, except for cyclosporin A, which was valid between 0.27 and 0.60 l/l. Reduced recoveries were observed at high analyte concentrations in combination with low HT values for sirolimus, everolimus and temsirolimus. <b>Conclusion:</b> A robust extraction and analysis method in volumetric absorptive microsampling tips was developed and fully validated. HT- and concentration-related recovery effects were observed but were within requirements of the purpose of the analytical method.
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus Induces Programmed Cell Death in Infected Cells through a Caspase-Dependent Pathway (1998)

In this report, we show that apoptosis (or programmed cell death) is induced in different cell lines infected with a coronavirus, the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). Kinetic analysis of internucleosomal DNA cleavage by agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry or cytometric monitoring of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential showed that, for ST cells infected with TGEV, the first overt signs of apoptosis appeared from 10 to 12 h postinfection on. They preceded morphological changes characteristic of cells undergoing apoptosis, as observed by light and electron microscopy. The tripeptide pan-ICE (caspase) inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone blocked TGEV-induced apoptosis with no effect on virus production. The thiol agent pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibited apoptosis, suggesting that TGEV infection may lead to apoptosis via cellular oxidative stress. The effect of TGEV infection on activation of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor known to be activated by oxidative stress, was examined. NF-kappaB DNA binding was shown to be strongly and quickly induced by TGEV infection. However, transcription factor decoy experiments showed that NF-kappaB activation is not critical for TGEV-induced apoptosis.
Sphingolipids—The Enigmatic Lipid Class: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pathophysiology (1997)

The "sphingosin" backbone of sphingolipids was so named by J. L. W. Thudichum in 1884 for its enigmatic ("Sphinx-like") properties. Although still an elusive class of lipids, research on the involvement of sphingolipids in the signal transduction pathways that mediate cell growth, differentiation, multiple cell functions, and cell death has been rapidly expanding our understanding of these compounds. In addition to the newly discovered role of ceramide as an intracellular second messenger for tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1beta, and other cytokines, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and other sphingolipid metabolites have recently been demonstrated to modulate cellular calcium homeostasis and cell proliferation. Perturbation of sphingolipid metabolism using synthetic and naturally occurring inhibitors of key enzymes of the biosynthetic pathways is aiding the characterization of these processes; for examples, inhibition of cerebroside synthase has indicated a role for ceramide in cellular stress responses including heat shock, and inhibition of ceramide synthase (by fumonisins) has revealed the role of disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in several animal diseases. Fumonisins are currently the focus of a FDA long-term tumor study. This review summarizes recent research on (i) the role of sphingolipids as important components of the diet, (ii) the role of sphingoid base metabolites and the ceramide cycle in expression of genes regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, (iii) the use of cerebroside synthase inhibitors as tools for understanding the role of sphingolipids as mediators of cell cycle progression, renal disease, and stress responses, and (iv) the involvement of disrupted sphingolipid metabolism in animal disease and cellular deregulation associated with exposure to inhibitors of ceramide synthase and serine palmitoyltransferase, key enzymes in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. These findings illustrate how an understanding of the function of sphingolipids can help solve questions in toxicology and this is undoubtedly only the beginning of this story.