gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Caco-2 cells express type I interleukin-1 receptors: ligand binding enhances proliferation (1994)

We examined the effect of interleukin-1 (IL-1) on the rate of proliferation of the human colon carcinoma Caco-2 and characterized the human intestinal epithelial cell IL-1 receptor (IL-1R). IL-1 dose dependently increased tritiated thymidine uptake in confluent Caco-2 monolayers fed complete growth medium. An anti-IL-1 beta completely blocked the increase in tritiated thymidine uptake, whereas an IL-1 receptor antagonist human recombinant blocked it partially. In long-term culture, IL-1 increased DNA content over control, an effect similar to that of epidermal growth factor (EGF). Unlike EGF, IL-1 did not enhance tritiated thymidine uptake in Caco-2 monolayers grown in serum-free medium, implying that IL-1 needs a cofactor(s) to elicit its proliferative effect. Cross-linking 125I-IL-1 beta to Caco-2 membranes revealed a binding protein of approximately 80 kDa with binding saturated at approximately 2.5 x 10(9) M-1 consistent with that for the type I IL-1R. cDNA transcribed from Caco-2 mRNA and amplified by polymerase chain reaction, using complementary oligonucleotides, resulted in a reaction product matching the sequence of the type I IL-1R. Our results demonstrate that IL-1 enhances proliferation of Caco-2 cells. This effect requires the presence of an unidentified cofactor(s). Also, Caco-2 cells express the type I IL-1R.
Demystified molecular pathology of NUT midline carcinomas (2008)

NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare, highly lethal cancer that occurs in children and adults of all ages. NMCs uniformly present in the midline, most commonly in the head, neck or mediastinum, as poorly differentiated carcinomas with variable degrees of squamous differentiation. This tumour is defined by rearrangement of the nuclear protein in testis (NUT) gene on chromosome 15q14. In most cases, NUT is involved in a balanced translocation with the BRD4 gene on chromosome 19p13.1, an event that creates a BRD4-NUT fusion gene. Variant rearrangements, some involving the BRD3 gene, occur in the remaining cases. NMC is diagnosed by detection of NUT rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridisation or reverse transcriptase PCR. Due its rarity and lack of characteristic histological features, most cases of NMC currently go unrecognised.
Antisense oligonucleotides: Stereocontrolled synthesis of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (1993)

Abstract
In vivonatural killer cell activities revealed by natural killer cell-deficient mice (2000)

Studies of natural killer (NK) cell function in vivo have been challenging primarily due to the lack of animal models in which NK cells are genetically and selectively deficient. Here, we describe a transgenic mouse with defective natural killing and selective deficiency in NK1.1(+) CD3(-) cells. Despite functionally normal B, T, and NK/T cells, transgenic mice displayed impaired acute in vivo rejection of tumor cells. Adoptive transfer experiments confirmed that NK1.1(+) CD3(-) cells were responsible for acute tumor rejection, establishing the relationship of NK1.1(+) CD3(-) cells to NK cells. Additional studies provided evidence that (i) NK cells play an important role in suppressing tumor metastasis and outgrowth; (ii) NK cells are major producers of IFNgamma in response to bacterial endotoxin but not to interleukin-12, and; (iii) NK cells are not essential for humoral responses to T cell-independent type 2 antigen or the generalized Shwartzman reaction, both of which were previously proposed to involve NK cells.
Culture of hematopoietic cells (1994)

Primitive Progenitor Assays Colony-Forming Assays for Malignant Cells Long Term Assays and Immortalization Purification of Progenitor Cells Other Systems and Assays.
Economic appraisal of maintenance parenteral iron administration in treatment of anaemia in chronic haemodialysis patients (1996)

Iron deficiency is very common in our haemodialysis population, especially in those patients receiving rHuEpo. A carefully monitored regimen of maintenance parenteral iron is a safe, effective, and economically favourable means of iron supplementation in patients with insufficient iron stores on maximum tolerated oral supplements.
Microwave Apexcardiography (1979)

A microwave technique for recording apexcardiograms is reported. The technique is based on detecting changes in the reflected microwaves caused by movement of the chest wall in response to left-ventricle activity. Results show that microwave technique is useful for delineating the fine structures in the precordial movement.
Isolation and characterization of AMP deaminase from mammalian (rabbit) myocardium (1993)

AMP deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6) is a ubiquitous enzyme in eukaryotes, which may play a role in ATP catabolism during myocardial ischaemia. We report isolation of AMP deaminase from rabbit myocardium with a 19% recovery and a 650-fold enrichment, using a newly devised protocol involving sequential cation-exchange, gel-permeation and affinity chromatographies. The cardiac AMP deaminase preparation described was electrophoretically and chromatographically homogeneous and contained one unique N-terminal residue (leucine). The isolated enzyme was sensitive to various cations (K+, Mg2+, Ca2+). The pH optimum of purified cardiac AMP deaminase was 6.8, its pI was 6.5, and it displayed substrate-specificity toward 5'-AMP. The subunit molecular mass of rabbit heart AMP deaminase on SDS/PAGE (81 kDa) and the holoenzyme molecular mass as estimated by non-denaturing size-exclusion h.p.l.c. (330 kDa) indicated that the native enzyme was a tetramer. Cardiac AMP deaminase displayed a sigmoidal substrate-saturation curve in the presence of 100 mM KCl. Apparent Michaelis constants were a Km of 5.8 mM AMP and a Vmax. of 11.1 mumol/min per mg of protein. ATP and ADP were positive allosteric effectors of cardiac AMP deaminase: the apparent Km was decreased to 1.7 mM by 1.0 mM ATP. The enzyme was inhibited by GTP, coformycin, coformycin 5'-phosphate, palmitoyl-CoA, inorganic phosphate compounds, and the metal chelator o-phenanthroline. No inhibition either by product nucleotide (IMP) or by nicotinamide nucleotides was detected when these agents were examined at concentrations up to 2.5 mM. We conclude that this enzyme preparation offers a means by which the kinetic mechanism and regulation of mammalian cardiac AMP deaminase may be directly investigated.
Blue copper proteins: A comparative analysis of their molecular interaction properties (2000)

Abstract Blue copper proteins are type‐I copper‐containing redox proteins whose role is to shuttle electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor in bacteria and plants. A large amount of experimental data is available on blue copper proteins; however, their functional characterization is hindered by the complexity of redox processes in biological systems. We describe here the application of a semi quantitative method based on a comparative analysis of molecular interaction fields to gain insights into the recognition properties of blue copper proteins. Molecular electrostatic and hydrophobic potentials were computed and compared for a set of 33 experimentally‐determined structures of proteins from seven blue copper subfamilies, and the results were quantified by means of similarity indices. The analysis provides a classification of the blue copper proteins and shows that (1) comparison of the molecular electrostatic potentials provides useful information complementary to that highlighted by sequence analysis; (2) similarities in recognition properties can be detected for proteins belonging to different subfamilies, such as amicyanins and pseudoazurins, that may be isofunctional proteins; (3) dissimilarities in interaction properties, consistent with experimentally different binding specificities, may be observed between proteins belonging to the same subfamily, such as cyanobacterial and eukaryotic plastocyanins; (4) proteins with low sequence identity, such as azurins and pseudoazurins, can have sufficient similarity to bind to similar electron donors and acceptors while having different binding specificity profiles.
Photolithographic Synthesis of Peptoids (2004)

We describe a novel photolithographic approach to the synthesis of peptoids (oligo-N-substituted glycines). This strategy enables the construction of a spatially addressable peptoid microarray, thus providing a potentially powerful tool for the discovery of protein ligands.
Design of a 2.45 GHz rectenna for electromagnetic (EM) energy scavenging (2010)

A compact dual polarized rectenna operating at 2.45 GHz is presented. It consists of a square aperture coupled patch antenna with a cross shaped slot etched on its surface that permits a patch side reduction of 32.5%. The patch size is 3.4 cm by 3.4 cm. The antenna is dual linearly polarized with each orthogonal polarization received by an appropriately placed coupling slot. The received signal from each slot output is rectified by a voltage doubling circuit and the doubler DC output signals are combined allowing the rectenna receive signals of arbitrary polarization. The circuit is optimized for low input power densities using harmonic balance. Simulated rectifier maximum RF-to-DC conversion efficiency values of 15.7% and 42.1% were obtained for input available power levels of -20 dBm and -10dBm respectively at 2.45 GHz. The measured results are in agreement with the simulation.
Novel cytotoxic 3'-(tert-Butyl) 3'-diphenyl analogs of paclitaxel and docetaxel (1995)

3'-(tert-Butyl) 3'-dephenyl analogs of paclitaxel were synthesized from 10-deacetylbaccatin III and oxazolidinecarboxylic acid 7 followed by acylation of intermediate amines 10 and 11. Oxazolidinecarboxylic acid 7 was prepared in five steps and in good overall yield from L-tert-leucine. Twelve analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro ability to stimulate the formation of microtubules and for their cytotoxicity against B16 melanoma cells. Amide, carbamate, urea, and thiourea congeners were prepared. The most potent derivatives found in this study are the docetaxel analog 13, the N-[(tert-amyloxy)carbonyl] analog 17, and the 3'-phenylurea and 3'-tert-butylurea derivatives 20 and 23. Six of these analogs were shown to be ca. 90 times more soluble in water than paclitaxel and ca. 4-5 times more water-soluble than docetaxel.
The error performance of digital subscriber lines in the presence of impulse noise (1995)

This paper describes the error performance of the ISDN basic access digital subscriber line (DSL), the high bit rate digital subscriber line (HDSL), and the asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) in the presence of impulse noise. Results are found by using data from the 1986 NYNEX impulse noise survey in simulations. It is shown that a simple uncoded ADSL would have an order of magnitude more errored seconds than DSL and HDSL.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The distribution of the outer gas vesicle protein, GvpC, on the Anabaena gas vesicle, and its ratio to GvpA (1993)

Previous studies have shown that gas vesicles isolated from the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae contain two types of protein, GvpA, a small hydrophobic protein that forms the main ribbed structure, and GvpC, a protein comprising five repeats of a 33-amino-acid-residue motif, which is located on the outer surface of the GvpA shell. GvpC was shown to increase the critical collapse pressure of the gas vesicles; it was thought to do this by forming a series of molecular ties that bind the ribs together. We now show that antibodies raised against GvpC label both the central cylinders and the conical end caps of native gas vesicles but fail to bind to gas vesicles that have been stripped of GvpC. The molar ratio of GvpA to GvpC has been calculated from amino acid analyses of gas vesicle hydrolysates by reference to the abundance of amino acids that occur predominantly or exclusively in one protein or the other; the molar ratio was found to be 25:1 in freshly isolated gas vesicles and 23:1 in gas vesicles saturated with GvpC. We have considered three ways in which the 33-residue repeats of GvpC might interact with the crystallographic unit cell of GvpA molecules in the ribs. The Anabaena GvpC will bind to and restore the strength of gas vesicles isolated from Aphanizomenon and Microcystis that lack their native GvpC.
Epoxidation versus Baeyer−Villiger Oxidation: The Possible Role of Lewis Acidity in the Control of Selectivity in Catalysis by Transition Metal Complexes (2004)

Abstract The synthesis of a series of cationic complexes of Pt II containing triphos or triphosPO and either a solvent, a hydroxo or a hydroperoxo as the fourth ligand is reported. The complexes are characterized by IR and 31 P{ 1 H} NMR spectroscopy and by molar conductivity data, and their Lewis acid characteristics determined by NMR techniques. All complexes are good catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins and the Baeyer−Villiger oxidation of ketones under mild conditions using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The latter reaction is more Lewis‐acid demanding in terms of the electronic characteristics of the catalysts. The use of Lewis‐acidic metal centers allows the selective oxidation of unsaturated ketones to the corresponding unsaturated esters without oxidation of the carbon‐carbon double bond, indicating that a strong Lewis‐acid character of the catalyst can be an important feature in the design of catalysts capable of separating the two processes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
RGMa inhibition promotes axonal growth and recovery after spinal cord injury (2006)

Repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) is a protein implicated in both axonal guidance and neural tube closure. We report RGMa as a potent inhibitor of axon regeneration in the adult central nervous system (CNS). RGMa inhibits mammalian CNS neurite outgrowth by a mechanism dependent on the activation of the RhoA-Rho kinase pathway. RGMa expression is observed in oligodendrocytes, myelinated fibers, and neurons of the adult rat spinal cord and is induced around the injury site after spinal cord injury. We developed an antibody to RGMa that efficiently blocks the effect of RGMa in vitro. Intrathecal administration of the antibody to rats with thoracic spinal cord hemisection results in significant axonal growth of the corticospinal tract and improves functional recovery. Thus, RGMa plays an important role in limiting axonal regeneration after CNS injury and the RGMa antibody offers a possible therapeutic agent in clinical conditions characterized by a failure of CNS regeneration.
A Microdomain Formed by the Extracellular Ends of the Transmembrane Domains Promotes Activation of the G Protein-Coupled α-Factor Receptor (2004)

The alpha-factor receptor (Ste2p) that promotes mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is similar to other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in that it contains seven transmembrane domains. Previous studies suggested that the extracellular ends of the transmembrane domains are important for Ste2p function, so a systematic scanning mutagenesis was carried out in which 46 residues near the ends of transmembrane domains 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 were replaced with cysteine. These mutants complement mutations constructed previously near the ends of transmembrane domains 5 and 6 to analyze all the extracellular ends. Eight new mutants created in this study were partially defective in signaling (V45C, N46C, T50C, A52C, L102C, N105C, L277C, and A281C). Treatment with 2-([biotinoyl] amino) ethyl methanethiosulfonate, a thiol-specific reagent that reacts with accessible cysteine residues but not membrane-embedded cysteines, identified a drop in the level of reactivity over a consecutive series of residues that was inferred to be the membrane boundary. An unusual prolonged zone of intermediate reactivity near the extracellular end of transmembrane domain 2 suggests that this region may adopt a special structure. Interestingly, residues implicated in ligand binding were mainly accessible, whereas residues involved in the subsequent step of promoting receptor activation were mainly inaccessible. These results define a receptor microdomain that provides an important framework for interpreting the mechanisms by which functionally important residues contribute to ligand binding and activation of Ste2p and other GPCRs.
Depolymerization and De–N–Acetylation of Glycosaminoglycuronans by the Action of Alkali in the Presence of Sodium Borohydride (1975)

Depolymerization of Ch-4-S, Ch-6-S, HA and HP was observed by gel filtration after treatment with 2-10 N NaOH or Ba(OH)2 in the presence of NaBH4 at 80-83 degrees for 1-5 hr. Depolymerized products were isolated after these treatments. 4-Deoxy-alpha-L-threo-4-enohexopyranosyluronic acid residue as the nonreducing end group was demonstrated by the H-1 and H-4 proton signals in the NMR spectra and by the absorption at 225-230 nm. L-Gulonic acid, which was produced from D-glucuronic acid by the action of NaBH4, was detected as the reducing end group in the depolymerized products of Ch-6-S, but no hexosaminitol was detected. De-N-acetylation to the extent of 34-50% occurred after treatment with 2.5 N NaOH in the presence of NaBH4, and almost complete de-N-acetylation accompanied by considerable destruction was observed with Ch-4-S and Ch-6-S after treatment with 5.5-10.0 N NaOH. A reaction mechanism is proposed for the depolymerization of glycosaminoglycuronans by the action of alkali.
MYELINATION OF THE MOUSE CORPUS CALLOSUM (1980)

Myelination has been studied in th corpus callosum of the mouse brain between birth and 240 days-of-age. Myelin sheaths were first seen at 11 days. The most rapid phase of myelination occurred between 14 and 45 days when 13.5% of axons were myelinated, but myelination continued at a reduced rate up to 240 days when 28% of axons were myelinated. The mean diameter of unmyelinated axons was more or less constant throughout the study with an overall mean diameter of 0.25 +/- 0.01 micron. Similarly myelinated axon diameter showed little variation with age with a mean diameter of 0.46 +/- 0.01 micron. This suggests that in the corpus callosum axons do not increase in size until they begin to myelinate.
Biomimetic Anchor for Surface-Initiated Polymerization from Metal Substrates (2005)

In this paper, we demonstrate the first use of a catecholic initiator for surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) from metal surfaces to create antifouling polymer coatings. A new bifunctional initiator inspired by mussel adhesive proteins was synthesized, which strongly adsorbs to Ti and 316L stainless steel (SS) substrates, providing an anchor for surface immobilization of grafted polymers. Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) was performed through the adsorbed biomimetic initiator to polymerize methyl methacrylate macromonomers with oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface FT-IR, and contact angle analysis confirmed the sequential grafting of initiator and polymer, and ellipsometry indicated the formation of polymer coatings of up to 100 nm thickness. Cell adhesion experiments performed with 3T3-Swiss albino fibroblasts showed substantially reduced cell adhesion onto polymer grafted Ti and 316L SS substrates as compared to the unmodified metals. Moreover, micropatterning of grafted polymer coatings on Ti surfaces was demonstrated by combining SI-ATRP and molecular assembly patterning by lift-off (MAPL), creating cell-adhesive and cell-resistant regions for potential use as cell arrays. Due to the ability of catechols to bind to a large variety of inorganic surfaces, this biomimetic anchoring strategy is expected to be a highly versatile tool for polymer thin film surface modification for biomedical and other applications.
Molecular cloning, expression and modelling of cat allergen, cystatin (Fel d 3), a cysteine protease inhibitor (2001)

A newly identified allergen, cystatin (Fel d 3), has been cloned from cat skin and is a member of the cysteine protease inhibitor family.
Transgenic wheat expressing virus-derived hairpin RNA is resistant to Barley yellow dwarf virus (2007)

An expression vector expected to induce RNA interference against Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), which expressed a composite hpRNA with the dsRNA stem homologous of BYDV GPV replicase gene and the antisense RNA loop homologous of coat protein gene, was designed without marker gene. The vector was transferred into callus cells from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) immature embryos by particle bombardment. To select the positive transformants as early as possible, a rapid PCR, which does not need extract wheat DNA instead of few leaves, was used at regeneration stage of plantlets. Totally 21 plants proved to contain alien sequence. Antivirus test with high dose infected virus revealed that, 9 plants showed low level of resistance to BVDV, 6 plants showed moderate resistance and 6 plants showed high level of resistance. Interestingly, both low and moderate levels of resistance plants were no symptoms when infected by viruses at low dose. It suggests the dose- dependent effect of the resistance mediated by hpRNA to BYDV-GPV.
Comparative analysis of 23S ribosomal RNA gene sequences ofBacillus anthracisand emeticBacillus cereusdetermined by PCR-direct sequencing (1992)

The primary structures of the 23S ribosomal RNA genes of Bacillus anthracis and an emetic strain of Bacillus cereus were determined by direct sequencing of enzymatically amplified chromosomal DNA. The 23S rRNA gene sequences of B. anthracis and B. cereus were found to be almost identical and showed only two differences (a single nucleotide change, and a single base insertion in B. cereus). The feasibility of using PCR-direct sequencing for the rapid sequence determination of large-subunit rRNA genes is demonstrated.
USE OF SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE TO PROBE THE EQUILIBRIUM AND DYNAMIC ASPECTS OF INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (1997)

Surface plasmon resonance biosensors have become increasingly popular for the qualitative and quantitative characterization of the specific binding of a mobile reactant to a binding partner immobilized on the sensor surface. This article reviews the use of this new technique to measure the binding affinities and the kinetic constants of reversible interactions between biological macromolecules. Immobilization techniques, the most commonly employed experimental strategies, and various analytical approaches are summarized. In recent years, several sources of potential artifacts have been identified: immobilization of the binding partner, steric hindrance of binding to adjacent binding sites at the sensor surface, and finite rate of mass transport of the mobile reactant to the sensor surface. Described here is the influence of these artifacts on the measured binding kinetics and equilibria, together with suggested control experiments.
Studies on the Preparation of Bioactive Lignans by Oxidative Coupling Reaction. VI. Oxidation of Methyl (E)-3-(4,5-Dihydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-butenoate and Lipid Peroxidation-Inhibitory Effects of the Produced Caffeoquinone. (1995)

Oxidation of hydroxy-alpha-methylcinnamate 5 derived from 4-methylesculetin afforded the alpha-methylcaffeoquinone derivative 7 without formation of the oxidative coupling product. The reaction of the alpha-methylferulate derivative 13 afforded a complex mixture of products. Thus, the hydroxy-alpha-methylcinnamates seem not to be suitable substrates for oxidative coupling. Compound 7 was tested for inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. It showed more potent activity than idebenone in rat brain homogenate, and was much more potent than (+/-)-alpha-tocopherol in rat liver microsomes.