gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and dynamics of three-way DNA junctions: atomic force microscopy studies (2000)

We have used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the conformation of three-way DNA junctions, intermediates of DNA replication and recombination. Immobile three-way junctions with one hairpin arm (50, 27, 18 and 7 bp long) and two relatively long linear arms were obtained by annealing two partially homologous restriction fragments. Fragments containing inverted repeats of specific length formed hairpins after denaturation. Three-way junctions were obtained by annealing one strand of a fragment from a parental plasmid with one strand of an inverted repeat-containing fragment, purified from gels, and examined by AFM. The molecules are clearly seen as three-armed molecules with one short arm and two flexible long arms. The AFM analysis revealed two important features of three-way DNA junctions. First, three-way junctions are very dynamic structures. This conclusion is supported by a high variability of the inter-arm angle detected on dried samples. The mobility of the junctions was observed directly by imaging the samples in liquid (AFM in situ). Second, measurements of the angle between the arms led to the conclusion that three-way junctions are not flat, but rather pyramid-like. Non-flatness of the junction should be taken into account in analysis of the AFM data.
Detection of a human melanoma‐associated antigen, p97, in histological sections of primary human melanomas (1982)

The unlabelled antibody technique of Sternberger was used to study the localization in histological sections of human melanoma-associated antigen p97, which is defined by a monoclonal antibody. The antigen was detected in 8 of 10 primary skin melanomas, in 6 of 7 metastatic melanomas and in 2 of 2 compound nevi. It was localized at the cell surface, the cytoplasm and the nucleus always being negative. The antigen was not seen in cells from 3 basal cell carcinomas, 1 squamous cell carcinoma, 1 leiomyosarcoma, or in samples of normal skin (including keratinocytes, connective tissue consisting of collagenous and elastic fibers, fibroblasts, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, smooth muscles, or inflammatory cells such as granulocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages), kidney or lung. There was, however, staining of some cells in the secretory segment of eccrine sweat glands from 2 patients, possibly corresponding to myoepithelial cells. Antigen expression was somewhat variable between cells from different melanomas as well as between individual cells from the same melanoma. The possible diagnostic value of this procedure for identification and classification of melanomas is discussed.
An Interactive, Reconfigurable Display System for Automotive Instrumentation (1987)

The decision to improve consumer interface with on-board vehicle systems in the new Buick Riviera presented many challenges. The major challenges were how to display the information and how to optimize the driver's interface with the display. Challenges were met with the development of an interactive and reconfigurable display system based on CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) and transparent membrane switch technologies. Human factors concerns were resolved, design requirements were met, limitations in existing technologies were overcome, and testing has verified that original design goals were met or exceeded.
Medical management of hematological malignant diseases (1998)

Part 1 Leukaemia: progress in haematologic malignancies therapy of acute myeloid leukaemia therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia therapy of chronic myelogenous leukaemia therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia therapy of hairy cellleukaemia therapy of acute promyelocytic leukaemia therapy of myelodysplastic syndrome. Part 2 Lymphoma: therapy of aggressive lymphoma indolent lymphomas Hodgkin's disease detection of minimal residual disease in lymphoid malignancies. Part 3Multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia and other lymphoproliferative disorders: therapy of multiple myeloma therapy of Waldenstrom disease. Part 4 Special topics: infections in haematologic malignancies allogeneic stem cell transplantation inhaematologic malignancies cytokines in haematologic malignancies cytogenics and molecular biology in haematologic malignancies new agents in leukaemia multidrug resistance modulation on haematologic malignancies.
Secure scalable video streaming for wireless networks (2005)

The conference proceedings are published in six volumes. Volume I
deals with speech processing. Volume II deals with: speech processing;
industry technology track; design and implementation of signal
processing systems; neural networks for signal processing. Volume III
deals with: image and multidimensional signal processing; multimedia
signal processing. Volume IV deals with signal processing for
communications. Volume V deals with:signal processing education; sensor
array and multichannel signal processing; audio and electroacoustics.
Volume VI deals with signal processing theory and methods
Antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus sake isolated from meat (1989)

A total of 221 strains of Lactobacillus isolated from meat and meat products were screened for antagonistic activities under conditions that eliminated the effects of organic acids and hydrogen peroxide. Nineteen strains of Lactobacillus sake, three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, and one strain of Lactobacillus curvatus were shown to inhibit the growth of some other lactobacilli in an agar spot test; and cell-free supernatants from 6 of the 19 strains of L. sake exhibited inhibitory activity against indicator organisms. Comparison of the antimicrobial spectra of the supernatants suggested that the inhibitory compounds were not identical. One of the six strains, L. sake Lb 706, was chosen for further study. The compound excreted by L. sake Lb 706 was active against various lactic acid bacteria and Listeria monocytogenes. Its proteinaceous nature, narrow inhibitory spectrum, and bactericidal mode of action indicated that this substance is a bacteriocin, which we designated sakacin A. Curing experiments with two bacteriocin-producing strains of L. sake resulted in mutants that lacked both bacteriocin activity and immunity to the bacteriocin. Plasmid profile analysis of L. sake Lb 706 and two bacteriocin-negative variants of this strain indicated that a plasmid of about 18 megadaltons may be involved in the formation of bacteriocin and immunity to this antibacterial compound. In mixed culture, the bacteriocin-sensitive organisms were killed after the bacteriocin-producing strain reached maximal cell density, whereas there was no decrease in cell number in the presence of the bacteriocin-negative variant.
Water harvesting from air with metal-organic frameworks powered by natural sunlight (2017)

Atmospheric water is a resource equivalent to ~10% of all fresh water in lakes on Earth. However, an efficient process for capturing and delivering water from air, especially at low humidity levels (down to 20%), has not been developed. We report the design and demonstration of a device based on a porous metal-organic framework {MOF-801, [Zr<sub>6</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub>(fumarate)<sub>6</sub>]} that captures water from the atmosphere at ambient conditions by using low-grade heat from natural sunlight at a flux of less than 1 sun (1 kilowatt per square meter). This device is capable of harvesting 2.8 liters of water per kilogram of MOF daily at relative humidity levels as low as 20% and requires no additional input of energy.
Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis in Cucumber (1989)

Abstract Cotyledons of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) produce organogenic callus, but plant regeneration has proven to be difficult (Alsop et al., 1978). Somatic embryos have been regenerated from cotyledon protoplast (Jia et al., 1986) and from anther cultures (Lazarte and Sasser, 1982), but the incidence of embryogenesis was low. This study reports somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in ‘Nokwon’ = Vcu-Hy-160 cucumber (Choong Ang Seed Co., Seuol, Korea).
A Murine Scavenger Receptor MARCO Recognizes Polystyrene Nanoparticles (2007)

Recent toxicological studies indicate that nanoparticles or ultrafine particles (< 100 nm) are more toxic than fine particles (< 2 microm) because of their greater surface area. It is well known that alveolar macrophages play an important role in the first defense against various environmental particles and microorganisms. This is accomplished by binding to a macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), one of several scavenger-type receptors expressed on the cell surface of macrophages. MARCO has been shown to mediate the ingestion of unopsonized environmental particles such as TiO(2) and Fe(2)O(3) (1.3 microm in diameter). However, very little is known about the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. In the present study, we investigated whether MARCO mediates the uptake of nanoparticles by using fluorescent-tagged polystyrene particles (20 nm, 200 nm, and 1 microm in diameter). COS-7 cells were transfected with either MARCO cDNA or an empty vector, and the association of the particles with the cells were observed by fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy. MARCO-transfected cells associated with all three sizes of particles in a time-dependent manner, while no obvious binding of particles occurred after 5 h to the empty vector-transfected cells. The uptake of particles by MARCO-transfected cells was partially inhibited by polyG. These results suggest that macrophages associate with nanoparticles (20 nm) at least in part through MARCO and that MARCO plays a role in clearing nanoparticles which can deposit in the alveolar region.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Promotes Proliferation and Survival via Activation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Bladder Cancer (2009)

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) play key roles in proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. Many urothelial carcinomas contain activating point mutations or increased expression of FGFR3. However, little is known about the role of other FGFRs. We examined FGFR expression in telomerase-immortalized normal human urothelial cells, urothelial carcinoma cell lines, and tumor samples and showed that FGFR1 expression is increased in a high proportion of cell lines and tumors independent of stage and grade. To determine the role of FGFR1 in low-stage bladder cancer, we overexpressed FGFR1 in telomerase-immortalized normal human urothelial cells and examined changes in proliferation and cell survival in response to FGF2. FGFR1 stimulation increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis. To elucidate the mechanistic basis for these alterations, we examined the signaling cascades activated by FGFR1. FRS2alpha and PLCgamma were activated in response to FGF2, leading to activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. The level of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation correlated with the level of cyclin D1, MCL1, and phospho-BAD, which also correlated with FGFR-induced proliferation and survival. Knockdown of FGFR1 in urothelial carcinoma cell lines revealed differential FGFR1 dependence. JMSU1 cells were dependent on FGFR1 expression for survival but three other cell lines were not. Two cell lines (JMSU1 and UMUC3) were dependent on FGFR1 for growth in soft agar. Only one of the cell lines tested (UMUC3) was frankly tumorigenic; here, FGFR1 knockdown inhibited tumor growth. Our results indicate that FGFR1 has significant effects on urothelial cell phenotype and may represent a useful therapeutic target in some cases of urothelial carcinoma.
Identification and Characterization of Nonmuscle Myosin II-C, a New Member of the Myosin II Family (2004)

A previously unrecognized nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain (NMHC II), which constitutes a distinct branch of the nonmuscle/smooth muscle myosin II family, has recently been revealed in genome data bases. We characterized the biochemical properties and expression patterns of this myosin. Using nucleotide probes and affinity-purified antibodies, we found that the distribution of NMHC II-C mRNA and protein (MYH14) is widespread in human and mouse organs but is quantitatively and qualitatively distinct from NMHC II-A and II-B. In contrast to NMHC II-A and II-B, the mRNA level in human fetal tissues is substantially lower than in adult tissues. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed distinct patterns of expression for all three NMHC isoforms. NMHC II-C contains an alternatively spliced exon of 24 nucleotides in loop I at a location analogous to where a spliced exon appears in NMHC II-B and in the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. However, unlike neuron-specific expression of the NMHC II-B insert, the NMHC II-C inserted isoform has widespread tissue distribution. Baculovirus expression of noninserted and inserted NMHC II-C heavy meromyosin (HMM II-C/HMM II-C1) resulted in significant quantities of expressed protein (mg of protein) for HMM II-C1 but not for HMM II-C. Functional characterization of HMM II-C1 by actin-activated MgATPase activity demonstrated a V(max) of 0.55 + 0.18 s(-1), which was half-maximally activated at an actin concentration of 16.5 + 7.2 microm. HMM II-C1 translocated actin filaments at a rate of 0.05 + 0.011 microm/s in the absence of tropomyosin and at 0.072 + 0.019 microm/s in the presence of tropomyosin in an in vitro motility assay.
A 5-20 GHz 5-Bit True Time Delay Circuit in 0.18 ㎛ CMOS Technology (2013)

This paper presents a 5-bit true time delay circuit using a standard 0.18 ㎛ CMOS process for the broadband phased array antenna without the beam squint. The maximum time delay of ~106 ps with the delay step of ~3.3 ps is achieved at 5-20 ㎓. The RMS group delay and amplitude errors are ＜ 1 ps and ＜2 ㏈, respectively. The measured insertion loss is ＜27 ㏈ and the input and output return losses are ＜12 ㏈ at 5-15 ㎓. The current consumption is nearly zero with 1.8 V supply. The chip size is 1.04 × 0.85 ㎟ including pads.
Proteasome activity limits the assembly of MHC class I molecules after IFN-gamma stimulation (1997)

For an effective CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response to occur during infection, MHC class I molecules must be loaded with antigenic peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum. The cytosolic factor responsible for peptide generation is believed to be the proteasome, with the TAP heterodimer mediating peptide transport into the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the rate-determining step(s) in this intracellular pathway of Ag presentation is currently unresolved. The availability of a specific and irreversible proteasome inhibitor called lactacystin has enabled us to determine the amount of proteasomes required for the peptide loading of MHC class I molecules in four cell types. In the absence of the IFN-gamma-inducible proteasome subunits LMP2 and LMP7, the trypsin-like (but not the chymotrypsin-like) activity of the proteasome is directly related to MHC class I peptide loading. However, IFN-gamma stimulation or assimilation of catalytic LMP2 and LMP7 subunits into proteasomes causes both chymotrypsin- and trypsin-like activities of the proteasome to become limiting for the loading of class I molecules. Our data suggest that upon full IFN-gamma stimulation, peptide supply by the proteasome is the limiting step in the assembly of MHC class I polypeptides. This mechanism may enable the cell to prevent competition between novel Ags and the pool of endogenous proteins for binding to MHC class I molecules.
Abstract P3-14-05: Safety and Efficacy of Neratinib (HKI-272) Plus Vinorelbine in the Treatment of Patients with ErbB2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer Pretreated with Anti-HER2 Therapy (2010)

Abstract Background: Neratinib (HKI-272) is an irreversible pan-ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks downstream signaling of the ErbB1, -2, and -4 receptors and has shown antitumor activity in patients with ErbB2+ breast cancer. Vinorelbine has shown synergistic antitumor activity in combination with trastuzumab, an ErbB2-specific monoclonal antibody. We report updated safety and efficacy data from this ongoing phase 1/2 study evaluating the combination of neratinib and vinorelbine in patients with solid tumors and ErbB2+ metastatic breast cancer. Material and Methods: In part 1 of this open-label, phase 1/2 study, patients with solid tumors underwent safety evaluations; the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of oral neratinib administered as ascending multiple daily doses (160 mg, 240 mg) in combination with IV vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 (Days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks) was determined. In part 2, the clinical activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics of the combination was assessed in patients ≥18 years of age with ErbB2+ metastatic breast cancer (ECOG status of 0-2) who had received ≥1 prior treatment with a trastuzumab-containing regimen for ≥6 weeks for metastatic disease or relapse during adjuvant treatment, with or without prior lapatinib exposure. The primary endpoint is objective response rate (ORR). Tumor responses were assessed based on modified RECIST 1.0 criteria every 6 weeks. Results: In part 1 (n = 12), there were no dose-limiting toxicities observed in the neratinib 240-mg plus vinorelbine 25-mg/m2 cohort (full standard doses; defined as the MTD). In part 2, as of April 26, 2010, 77 patients with ErbB2+ metastatic breast cancer were enrolled and treated at the MTD (including 62 in the no prior lapatinib exposure cohort and 15 in the prior lapatinib exposure cohort). At the time of the data snapshot, 56.2% of patients treated at the MTD were still receiving neratinib. The most common drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; all grades, ≥20% of patients) at the MTD were diarrhea (97.4%), nausea (48.1%), neutropenia (45.5%), vomiting (36.4%), fatigue (26.0%), decreased appetite (28.6%), leukopenia (26.0%), and abdominal pain (23.4%). Common drug-related grade ≥3 TEAEs (≥5% of patients) included neutropenia (36.0%), diarrhea (25.8%), and leukopenia (11.2%). One patient withdrew from the study at the MTD because of grade 3 diarrhea. Fifty-five patients from part 2 were evaluable for efficacy in the no prior lapatinib (n = 43) and prior lapatinib (n = 12) cohorts. ORR (based on investigator-assessed radiographic and clinical data) was 51% in the no prior lapatinib cohort and 42% in the prior lapatinib cohort. Discussion: The results of this study to date indicate that neratinib in combination with vinorelbine is tolerable and shows interesting antitumor activity in patients with ErbB2+ metastatic breast cancer pretreated with trastuzumab and lapatinib. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-05.
Claudin-11/OSP-based Tight Junctions of Myelin Sheaths in Brain and Sertoli Cells in Testis (1999)

Members of the newly identified claudin gene family constitute tight junction (TJ) strands, which play a pivotal role in compartmentalization in multicellular organisms. We identified oligodendrocyte-specific protein (OSP) as claudin-11, a new claudin family member, due to its sequence similarity to claudins as well as its ability to form TJ strands in transfected fibroblasts. Claudin-11/OSP mRNA was expressed in the brain and testis. Immunofluorescence microscopy with anti-claudin-11/OSP polyclonal antibody (pAb) and anti-neurofilament mAb revealed that in the brain claudin-11/OSP-positive linear structures run in a gentle spiral around neurofilament-positive axons. At the electron microscopic level, these linear structures were identified as the so-called interlamellar strands in myelin sheaths of oligodendrocytes. In testis, well-developed TJ strands of Sertoli cells were specifically labeled with anti-claudin-11/OSP pAb both at immunofluorescence and electron microscopic levels. These findings indicated that the interlamellar strands of oligodendrocyte myelin sheaths can be regarded as a variant of TJ strands found in many other epithelial cells, and that these strands share a specific claudin species, claudin-11/OSP, with those in Sertoli cells to create and maintain the repeated compartments around axons by oligodendrocytes.
Lasing from Semiconductor Quantum Rods in a Cylindrical Microcavity (2002)

Lasers based on colloidal semiconductor nanostructures can benefit from the remarkable spectral coverage afforded through the quantum confinement effect. The first observation of lasing for colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum rods in solution using a cylindrical microcavity is reported here (see also inside front cover). Lasing in the same configuration was also observed for spherical nanocrystal quantum dots. For the quantum dots lasing is not polarized, but in quantum rods the laser emission is highly linearly polarized, a desirable feature for laser and photonic applications.
Production, development, and characterization of plastic hypodermic needles (2009)

Plastic hypodermic needles are a potential solution to the problem of disease spread through needle reuse. Plastics could be used to potentially reduce needle reuse as they are easier to destroy than steel. A key issue in their acceptance is the force required to penetrate a patient; a smaller force is associated with less pain. The effect that needle parameters have on the penetration force is studied in an effort to better understand how to reduce penetration forces and increase the success of penetrations for plastic needles. These parameters - geometry, tip radius, diameter, material, and lubricant - are studied through penetration, buckling, and coefficient of friction testing. The tests are conducted on steel needles, which serve as a control group, as well as two varieties of plastic needles. The outcome is a quantitative understanding of the effect that the various parameters have on penetration force, which is used to inform plastic needle design.
Galectin-1: a key effector of regulation mediated by CD4+CD25+ T cells (2006)

The naturally occurring population of dedicated regulatory T cells that coexpress CD4 and CD25 is known to play a key role in the maintenance of peripheral T-cell tolerance; however, their mechanism of action has remained obscure. Here we report that a member of the family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins, galectin-1, is overexpressed in regulatory T cells, and that expression is increased after activation. Most importantly, blockade of galectin-1 binding significantly reduced the inhibitory effects of human and mouse CD4+CD25+ T cells. Reduced regulatory activity was observed in CD4+CD25+ T cells obtained from galectin-1-homozygous null mutant mice. These results suggest that galectin-1 is a key effector of the regulation mediated by these cells.
HOP1: a yeast meiotic pairing gene. (1989)

The recessive mutation, hop1-1, was isolated by use of a screen designed to detect mutations defective in homologous chromosomal pairing during meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutants in HOP1 displayed decreased levels of meiotic crossing over and intragenic recombination between markers on homologous chromosomes. In contrast, assays of the hop1-1 mutation in a spo13-1 haploid disomic for chromosome III demonstrated that intrachromosomal recombination between directly duplicated sequences was unaffected. The spores produced by SPO13 diploids homozygous for hop1 were largely inviable, as expected for a defect in interhomolog recombination that results in high levels of nondisjunction. HOP1 was cloned by complementation of the spore lethality phenotype and the cloned gene was used to map HOP1 to the LYS11-HIS6 interval on the left arm of chromosome IX. Electron microscopy revealed that diploids homozygous for hop1 fail to form synaptonemal complex, which normally provides the structural basis for homolog pairing. We propose that HOP1 acts in meiosis primarily to promote chromosomal pairing, perhaps by encoding a component of the synaptonemal complex.