gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The endometrial ablator: a new instrument. (1994)

A thermal balloon and control system designed to produce endometrial ablation blindly is described. A latex balloon on a plastic catheter is inserted into the uterus and connected to a control unit. The unit monitors the pressure and temperature of 5% dextrose in water, which has been injected into the balloon to make it conform to the size and shape of the endometrial cavity. The balloon contains a shielded heating element that is activated to heat the liquid in the balloon to a temperature of 92C. The pressure control deactivates the heating element if the pressure falls below 45 mmHg or rises above 165 mmHg. A timer controls and measures the elapsed interval of heating. The device was tested in human uterine specimens for the potential for uterine perforation, uterine rupture, and thermal effects. Subsequently, the device was tested in six patients in Mexico and four patients in London during hysterectomy just after the abdomen was opened. Thermistor probes were placed at various loci in the uterus to monitor temperature during activation of the thermal balloon. Serosal temperatures were unchanged and endometrial temperatures rose to about 90C. The extent of uterine tissue damage was determined in Mexico City by the zone of visible coagulation of the cut wall of the uterus following removal. In London, tissue diaphorase was measured to determine the depth of destruction of the cellular oxidative enzymes. These measurements varied from 3.3-10 mm under the conditions of time and temperature used. The safety features and the potential for clinical application are discussed.
Identification of residues in the first and fourth helices of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor involved in biologic activity and in binding to the alpha- and beta-chains of its receptor (1994)

Residues within the first and fourth helices of human granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) were analyzed for their role in biologic activity and interaction with the alpha- and beta- chains of the hGM-CSF receptor. Within the first helix substitution of the surface residues Glu14, Asn17, Gln20, Arg23, Arg24, and Asn27 or the buried residues Ala18, Leu25, and Leu28 did not significantly impair bioactivity or receptor binding. Substitutions at the buried residues Ala22 and Leu26 had intermediate bioactivity. However, substitutions of the surface residue Glu21 or the buried residue Ile19 reduced the relative bioactivity of the analogues to as little as 0.45% and 0.3%, respectively. Substitution of the charged surface residues of the fourth helix showed that substitution at Glu104, Lys107, and Lys111 had no significant effect on bioactivity, but substitution at Glu108 and Asp112 reduced the potency of the analogues to 34% and 7%, respectively. Receptor binding studies showed that, whereas Glu21 is the critical residue for binding to the hGM-CSF-receptor beta-chain, Asp112 is likely to be involved in binding to the GM-CSF-receptor alpha- chain. These results establish the relative contribution of residues in the first and fourth helices for GM-CSF bioactivity and receptor binding, and support a model where the fourth helix of GM-CSF interacts with the alpha-chain, and the first helix with the beta-chain of the GM- CSF receptor.
Optical coherence tomography and microscopy in gastrointestinal tissues (1996)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence microscopy (OCM) are novel techniques for noninvasive biomedical imaging based on low-coherence interferometry. OCT achieves high-spatial resolution ( < 30 μm in three dimensions) and high dynamic range (> 100 dB) in a fiberoptically integrated system which is suitable for application in minimally invasive diagnostics, including endoscopy. The technique of OCM combines the depth-ranging capability of OCT with the micron-scale resolution imaging capability of confocal microscopy to extend the available imaging depth of confocal microscopy up to several hundred micrometers deep in highly scattering tissues. The theoretical and technical bases for OCT and OCM imaging are described. Example OCT images are provided in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues to illustrate contrast between histological layers of the GI mucosa and differentiation of the mucosa from submucosa. Example OCM images revealing cellular-level microstructure up to several hundred micrometers deep in GI tissue are presented for the first time. The potential applications of OCT and OCM imaging in clinical diagnsotic medicine are discussed.
Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma without Cryopreservation (2012)

High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is considered the standard of care for multiple myeloma patients who are eligible for transplantation. The process of autografting comprises the following steps: control of the primary disease by using a certain induction therapeutic protocol, mobilization of stem cells, collection of mobilized stem cells by apheresis, cryopreservation of the apheresis product, administration of high-dose pretransplant conditioning therapy, and finally infusion of the cryopreserved stem cells after thawing. However, in cancer centers that treat patients with multiple myeloma and have transplantation capabilities but lack or are in the process of acquiring cryopreservation facilities, alternatively noncryopreserved autologous stem cell therapy has been performed with remarkable success as the pretransplant conditioning therapy is usually brief.
Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction During Treatment With Moclobemide, Paroxetine, Sertraline, and Venlafaxine (2000)

Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction occurs in approximately 30% to 70% of patients who are treated with sertraline or paroxetine. Lower rates are reported with moclobemide and venlafaxine. Clinicians should evaluate the various aspects of sexual dysfunction before and during antidepressant therapy.
Chemical studies on tobacco smoke. 52. Reaction of nicotine and sodium nitrite: formation of nitrosamines and fragmentation of the pyrrolidine ring (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical studies on tobacco smoke. 52. Reaction of nicotine and sodium nitrite: formation of nitrosamines and fragmentation of the pyrrolidine ringStephen S. Hecht, Chi-Hong B. Chen, Raphael M. Ornaf, Eugenia Jacobs, John D. Adams, and Dietrich HoffmannCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 1, 72–76Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00395a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00395a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views502Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bioavailability of d-pseudoephedrine and Azatadine from a Repeat Action Tablet Formulation (1982)

The objective of this study was to compare in man the bioavailability of d-pseudoephedrine and azatadine from a repeat action tablet formulation and from conventional tablets. The repeat action tablet, containing 1 mg of azatadine maleate in the coat, and 60 mg of d-pseudoephedrine sulfate in both the coat and the core, was given at 0 hour. A conventional tablet of 60 mg of d-pseudoephedrine sulfate was given at 0 and 4 hours and a conventional tablet of 1 mg of azatadine maleate was given at 0 hour. The plasma levels of d-pseudoephedrine were measured by gas-liquid chromatography and the amount of azatadine in the urine was determined by a mass fragmentographic procedure. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the measured bioavailability parameters (area under plasma concentrations-time curve, maximum plasma concentration and time to reach maximum plasma concentration) for pseudoephedrine from repeat action tablets and conventional d-pseudoephedrine sulfate tablets; neither was there any statistically significant difference in the cumulative urinary excretion of azatadine from the repeat action tablets and conventional azatadine maleate tablets (p less than 0.10). These data clearly demonstrate the bioequivalence of the repeat action tablets and the conventional tablets of d-pseudoephedrine and azatadine.
Evaluation of inactivation methods for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in noncellular blood products (2006)

Heat, UVC irradiation, and S/D treatments effectively inactivate SARS-CoV, whereas octanoic acid treatment is insufficient for inactivation of the virus.
Mesalamine capsules for treatment of active ulcerative colitis: results of a controlled trial. Pentasa Study Group. (1993)

The efficacy of a capsule formulation of mesalamine was assessed in 374 patients with mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis. Patients, stratified to pancolitis or left-sided disease, received either placebo or mesalamine at 1, 2, or 4 g daily for 8 wk. Efficacy was assessed using clinical improvement--physician global assessment, sigmoidoscopic index, biopsy score, trips to the toilet, and clinical symptoms (abdominal pain, urgency, stool consistency, and rectal bleeding)--and induction of remission (more stringent criteria for physician global assessment, sigmoidoscopic index, and biopsy score). For physician global assessment of treatment benefit, 79% and 84% of patients on the 2-g and 4-g doses of mesalamine, respectively, received treatment benefit, compared with 54% on placebo (p < or = 0.0002). For the physician global assessment of treatment success, both the 2-g and 4-g doses of mesalamine were superior to placebo (57% and 59% of patients, p = 0.0021 and 0.0012, respectively), compared with 36% on placebo. Both the 2-g and 4-g doses produced statistically significant macroscopic (endoscopic) improvement compared with placebo (p < 0.004). The 4-g dose also produced a statistically significant microscopic (histologic) improvement compared to placebo (p < 0.002). Significant improvement compared to placebo was also observed at 2 g and 4 g for the four clinical symptoms and trips to the toilet (p < or = 0.003). Oral mesalamine capsules were significantly superior to placebo for inducing remission, with 29% of patients at 2 g and 29% at 4 g achieving remission by physician global assessment, compared with 12% on placebo. Forty-four percent and 48% of patients receiving 2 g and 4 g of mesalamine, respectively, achieved remission by sigmoidoscopic index (p < 0.05), compared with 31% on placebo. Thirty-nine percent of patients at 4 g daily achieved microscopic remission, compared with 23% on placebo (p < 0.03). Treatment response was not affected by extent of disease or prior steroid or sulfasalazine therapy. These data suggest that controlled-release mesalamine capsules are a safe and effective monotherapy in doses of 2-4 g daily for treating mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis, as well as for inducing remission, regardless of prior oral steroid or sulfasalazine therapy or extent of disease.
Procedural modeling of buildings (2006)

CGA shape, a novel shape grammar for the procedural modeling of CG architecture, produces building shells with high visual quality and geometric detail. It produces extensive architectural models for computer games and movies, at low cost. Context sensitive shape rules allow the user to specify interactions between the entities of the hierarchical shape descriptions. Selected examples demonstrate solutions to previously unsolved modeling problems, especially to consistent mass modeling with volumetric shapes of arbitrary orientation. CGA shape is shown to efficiently generate massive urban models with unprecedented level of detail, with the virtual rebuilding of the archaeological site of Pompeii as a case in point.
Minireview: Receptor Dimerization in GH and Erythropoietin Action—It Takes Two to Tango, But How? (2002)

The receptors for GH and erythropoietin are members of the cytokine receptor superfamily. They are single membrane-spanning proteins that bind ligand in the extracellular domain and couple to cytosolic JAK tyrosine kinases to initiate signaling. The ligand-engaged GH receptor (GHR) and erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) extracellular domains are believed to exist in a dimerized configuration in which a single ligand molecule engages two receptor extracellular domains. The last several years have witnessed a rapid expansion in our knowledge of the structural and functional details of this dimerization process and have forced a reexamination of how the ligand-containing complexes achieve their conformation. For EpoR, there is good evidence that the unliganded receptor is already a preformed dimer that is activated by a ligand-induced change in the receptor conformation. Owing in some measure to the unavailability of the analogous crystal structure of the unliganded GHR extracellular domain, it is still unknown whether GHR adopts a similar preformed dimer/conformational change in response to GH as is found for EpoR. This review critically examines the state of our knowledge pertaining to GHR and EpoR dimerization, noting differences and similarities between the two.
Noninvasive functional brain mapping by change-distribution analysis of averaged PET images of H215O tissue activity. (1989)

Change-distribution analysis and intersubject averaging of subtracted positron emission tomography (PET) images are new techniques for detecting, localizing, and quantifying state-dependent focal transients in neuronal activity. We previously described their application to cerebral blood flow images (intravenous bolus H215O, Kety autoradiographic model). We now describe their application to images of H215O regional tissue activity without conversion to units of blood flow. The sensitivity and specificity of response detection and the accuracy of response localization were virtually identical for the two types of images. Response magnitude expressed in percent change from rest was slightly, but consistently smaller in tissue-activity images. Response magnitude expressed in z-score was the same for the two-image types. Most research and clinical applications of functional brain mapping can employ images of H215O tissue activity (intravenous bolus, 40-sec nondynamic scan) without conversion to units of blood flow. This eliminates arterial blood sampling, thereby simplifying and minimizing the invasivity of the PET procedure.
Catalytic Microtubular Jet Engines Self‐Propelled by Accumulated Gas Bubbles (2009)

Strain-engineered microtubes with an inner catalytic surface serve as self-propelled microjet engines with speeds of up to approximately 2 mm s(-1) (approximately 50 body lengths per second). The motion of the microjets is caused by gas bubbles ejecting from one opening of the tube, and the velocity can be well approximated by the product of the bubble radius and the bubble ejection frequency. Trajectories of various different geometries are well visualized by long microbubble tails. If a magnetic layer is integrated into the wall of the microjet engine, we can control and localize the trajectories by applying external rotating magnetic fields. Fluid (i.e., fuel) pumping through the microtubes is revealed and directly clarifies the working principle of the catalytic microjet engines.
Stimulation through the T Cell Receptor Induces Cbl Association with Crk Proteins and the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Protein C3G (1996)

We and others have recently identified Cbl, the protein product of the c-cbl protooncogene, as an early tyrosine kinase substrate upon T cell activation and have shown that Cbl forms in vivo complexes with Src family tyrosine kinases, Grb2 adaptor protein, and the p85 subunit of PI-3 kinase. Here we show that Cbl associates with all three forms of the human Crk protein, predominantly CrkL, following T cell receptor activation of Jurkat T cells. Association between Cbl and Crk proteins was confirmed in normal human peripheral blood-derived T cells. In vitro, Cbl was able to interact with the Crk SH2 domain but not the SH3 domain. A phosphopeptide corresponding to a potential Crk SH2 domain-binding motif in Cbl (pYDVP) specifically inhibited binding between Cbl and Crk SH2 domain. Anti-Cbl antibody completely immunodepleted the CrkL-associated 120kDa phosphotyrosyl polypeptide, suggesting that the recently described p130cas-related Crk-associated p116 of T cells may be Cbl. Consistent with this possibility, the 4F4 antibody used to characterize the p116 polypeptide cross-reacted with Cbl protein when it was resolved on one- or two-dimensional gels. CrkL was constitutively associated with a substantial amount of the guanine nucleotide exchange protein C3G, and a fraction of the C3G protein was coimmunoprecipitated with Cbl in activated Jurkat T cells. These results suggest the possibility that Cbl may participate in a signaling pathway that regulates guanine nucleotide exchange on small G-proteins in T cells.
Integrated sensor and range-finding analog signal processor (1991)

The authors present experimental results from an array of cells, each of which contains a photodiode and the analog signal-processing circuitry needed for light-stripe range finding. Prototype circuits were fabricated through MOSIS in a 2- mu m CMOS p-well double-metal, double-poly process. This design builds on some of the ideas that have been developed for ICs that integrate signal-processing circuitry with photosensors. In the case of light-stripe range finding, the increase in cell complexity from sensing only to sensing and processing makes the modification of the operational principle of range finding practical, which in turn results in a dramatic improvement in performance. The IC array of photosensor and analog signal processor cells that acquires 1000 frames of light-stripe range data per second-two orders of magnitude faster than conventional light-stripe range-finding methods. The highly parallel range-finding algorithm used requires that the output of each photosensor site be continuously monitored. Prototype high-speed range-finding systems have been built using a 5*5 array and a 28*32 array of these sensing elements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Understanding the Eating Disorder Affecting People with Prader‐Willi Syndrome (1998)

The propensity to severe over‐eating, which may lead to life‐threatening obesity, is characteristic of people born with the Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS). This syndrome is caused by the loss of expression of either a specific or a few specific genes on chromosome 15 at q11–13. In the case of PWS this is due to a deletion affecting chromosome 15 of paternal origin and the fact that specific genes at the same locus, but on chromosome 15 of maternal origin, are imprinted and therefore not expressed. The characteristic tendency to over‐eat is observed from early childhood and, particularly in later life, can lead to severe obesity if unsupervised access to food is allowed. The normal satiety response to the intake of calories appears both impaired and delayed and therefore eating continues. The pathophysiology, which underpins this abnormal eating behaviour, is likely to relate to the functioning of specific hypothalamic nuclei. PWS is an example of what has been called a ‘behavioural phenotype’. The research task is to link the observed genetic abnormalities to brain function and in turn to the eating behaviour. This paper examines these links and proposes a conceptual model to help in the understanding and management of the excessive eating behaviour.
Cd1-Restricted Nk T Cells Protect Nonobese Diabetic Mice from Developing Diabetes (2001)

NK T cells are a unique subset of T cells that recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d. After activation, NK T cells promptly produce large amounts of cytokines, which may modulate the upcoming immune responses. Previous studies have documented an association between decreased numbers of NK T cells and the progression of some autoimmune diseases, suggesting that NK T cells may control the development of autoimmune diseases. To investigate the role of NK T cells in autoimmune diabetes, we crossed CD1 knockout (CD1KO) mutation onto the nonobese diabetic (NOD) genetic background. We found that male CD1KO NOD mice exhibited significantly higher incidence and earlier onset of diabetes compared with the heterozygous controls. The diabetic frequencies in female mice showed a similar pattern; however, the differences were less profound between female CD1KO and control mice. Early treatment of NOD mice with alpha-galactosylceramide, a potent NK T cell activator, reduced the severity of autoimmune diabetes in a CD1-dependent manner. Our results not only suggest a protective role of CD1-restricted NK T cells in autoimmune diabetes but also reveal a causative link between the deficiency of NK T cells and the induction of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Fast simulation algorithms for RF circuits (1996)

RF integrated circuit designers make extensive use of simulation tools which perform nonlinear periodic steady-state analysis and its extensions. However, the computational costs of these simulation tools have restricted users from examining the detailed behavior of complete RF subsystems. Recent algorithmic developments, based on matrix-implicit iterative methods, is rapidly changing this situation and providing new faster tools which can easily analyze circuits with hundreds of devices. In this paper we present these new methods by describing how they can be used to accelerate finite-difference, shooting-Newton, and harmonic-balance based algorithms for periodic steady-state analysis.
The amyloid stretch hypothesis: Recruiting proteins toward the dark side (2005)

A detailed understanding of the molecular events underlying the conversion and self-association of normally soluble proteins into amyloid fibrils is fundamental to the identification of therapeutic strategies to prevent or cure amyloid-related disorders. Recent investigations indicate that amyloid fibril formation is not just a general property of the polypeptide backbone depending on external factors, but that it is strongly modulated by amino acid side chains. Here, we propose and address the validation of the premise that the amyloidogenicity of a protein is indeed localized in short protein stretches (amyloid stretch hypothesis). We demonstrate that the conversion of a soluble nonamyloidogenic protein into an amyloidogenic prone molecule can be triggered by a nondestabilizing six-residue amyloidogenic insertion in a particular structural environment. Interestingly enough, although the inserted amyloid sequences clearly cause the process, the protease-resistant core of the fiber also includes short adjacent sequences from the otherwise soluble globular domain. Thus, short amyloid stretches accessible for intermolecular interactions trigger the self-assembly reaction and pull the rest of the protein into the fibrillar aggregate. The reliable identification of such amyloidogenic stretches in proteins opens the possibility of using them as targets for the inhibition of the amyloid fibril formation process.