gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
48. The Long-Term Effects of SERCA2a Overexpression in Large Animal Model of Heart Failure (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Background: The acute overexpression of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) by gene transfer has been shown to restore normal contractile function in rodent models of heart failure and is a promising therapy for chronic heart failure. However the long-term efficacy has not been cleared yet in a large animal model.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the long-term efficacy of SERCA2a gene expression in a porcine model of heart failure.

Methods: A total 13 animals underwent rupture of posterior mitral valve chordae to create severe mitral valve regurgitation (MR) using a percutaneous approach. Four pigs died after MR creation. Nine pigs with MR were then divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=5): Treated with adeno-associated virus type 6 (AAV6) encoding SERCA2a under the control of a CMV promoter and Group 2 (n=4): Treated with AAV6 encoding for b-galactosidase (bgal). Viral solution containing 5|[times]|1013 genomes/ml was injected through coronary artery with coronary vein occlusion 1 month after MR creation. Left ventricular (LV) function was examined 1 month and 3 month after MR creation by echo and hemodynamics data.

Results: The comparison of echo data between 1 month and 3 month after MR creation showed significant dilatation of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) (51.8|[plusmn]|3.7 vs 56.9|[plusmn]|6.8; p<0.05), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) (31.7|[plusmn]|3.0 vs 36.2|[plusmn]|3.1; p<0.05) but left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (62.5|[plusmn]|2.7 vs 58.6|[plusmn]|7.5; p=ns) was well preserved in Group 1 despite severe MR. There was also no significant hemodynamics change between 1 month and 3 month after MR creation in Group 1: heart rate (HR) (88.0|[plusmn]|11.6, 89.2|[plusmn]|17.3; p=ns), end-systolic blood pressure (BP) (79.8|[plusmn]|5.5, 82.6|[plusmn]|12.3; p=ns), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (14.4|[plusmn]|6.3, 12.8|[plusmn]|3.4; p=ns), maximal rate of LV pressure rise (+dp/dt) (815.2|[plusmn]|152.9, 1198.6|[plusmn]|543.6; p=ns).

Conclusions: SERCA2a gene transfer prevented the progression of congestive hear failure in swine with severe MR. (See Tables 1 and 2)
Complete growth inhibition of human cancer xenografts in nude mice by treatment with 20-(S)-camptothecin. (1991)

20-(S)-Camptothecin (CAM), a plant alkaloid, was tested against 13 human cancer xenograft lines carried by immunodeficient (nude) mice. The drug, formulated in 20% intralipid and given i.m., was more effective than any other clinically available drug tested. It was found that: (a) CAM, at nontoxic doses, suppressed growth and induced regression of cancer of the colon (3 lines), lung (4 lines), breast (2 lines), stomach (1 line), ovary (1 line), and malignant melanoma (2 lines); (b) the drug was equally effective administered i.m. or p.o. Both routes are significantly better than i.v. administration; (c) CAM is substantially more effective and less toxic than its sodium salt, which was unsuccessfully tested in cancer patients. CAM should be further tested against responsive cancers as a drug which is easy to isolate and formulate for large-scale studies.
Low Antigenicity of HIV-1 rev : rev -Specific Antibody Response of Limited Value as Correlate of rev Gene Expression and Disease Progression (1989)

An enzyme immunoassay based on an E. coli-produced HIV-1 rev gene product was used to detect rev-specific antibodies in longitudinally collected serum samples from 196 initially symptom-free men who were seropositive for antibodies to HIV-1 structural proteins and 72 men who seroconverted for such antibodies. In 61% of men no rev-specific antibodies were detected at all, 30% had persistently detectable rev-specific antibodies, and in 9% rev-specific antibodies were only transiently or intermittently detected. When a persistent rev-specific antibody response occurred in subjects who seroconverted to structural proteins, it was always, with one exception, found within 12 months of seroconversion. The rev-specific antibodies were also studied in a transectional sample of sera from the men who remained symptom-free and from those who developed AIDS-related conditions or AIDS, as well as in sera from 31 other men with AIDS-related conditions and in sera from 6 of these men at the time they developed AIDS. The rev-specific antibodies were found in 34% of symptom-free men, in 28% of patients with AIDS-related conditions, and in 16% of patients with AIDS. The low incidence of rev-specific antibodies early after infection may be due to low antigenicity of rev. The lower prevalence of rev-specific antibodies in sera from patients with AIDS, compared with patients with AIDS-related conditions and symptom-free HIV-1-infected individuals, may be explained by a progressive HIV-1-induced immunodeficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pyridinone derivatives: specific human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors with antiviral activity. (1991)

Derivatives of pyridinones were found to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) activity and prevent the spread of HIV-1 infection in cell culture without an appreciable effect on other retroviral or cellular polymerases. 3-[( (4,7-Dimethyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl) methyl]amino ]-5-ethyl-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one (L-697,639) and 3-[[ (4,7-dichloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl) methyl]amino]-5-ethyl-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one (L-697,661), two compounds within this series, had HIV-1 RT IC50 values in the range of 20-800 nM, depending upon the template-primer used. The most potent inhibition was obtained with rC.dG and dA.dT as template--primers. With rC.dG, reversible slow-binding non-competitive inhibition was observed. [3H]L-697,639 bound preferentially to enzyme-template-primer complexes. This binding was magnesium-dependent and saturable with a stoichiometry of 1 mol of [3H]L-697,639 per mol of RT heterodimer. Displacement of [3H]L-697,639 was seen with phosphonoformate. In human T-lymphoid-cell culture, L-697,639 and L-697,661 inhibited the spread of HIV-1 infection by at least 95% at concentrations of 12-200 nM. Synergism between 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine or dideoxyinosine and either of these compounds was also demonstrated in cell culture. Based upon their specificity for HIV-1 RT activity, template-primer dependence on potency and ability to displace [3H]L-697,639; a tetrahydroimidazo [4,5,1-jk] [1,4]-benzodiazepin-2(1H)-thione derivative R82150 and the dipyridodiazepinone BI-RG-587 appear to inhibit RT activity by the same mechanism as the pyridinones.
HIV-1 Viral Load Assays for Resource-Limited Settings: Clades Matter (2006)

The paper by Fiscus et al. gives an excellent overview of current technologies to measure viral load (VL) and highlights the problems with finding assays that whilst affordable and practicable provide reliable and high-quality results to guide patient management in resource-constrained settings. One concern which in our mind does not receive enough attention in the paper is HIV variability. The assays ability to reliably quantitate non-B subtypes and strains is of paramount importance given the predominance of non-B HIV infections in developing countries. Unfortunately genotype bias has not been assessed systematically for most of the assays described in the paper. In our recent paper Ultrasensitive Monitoring of Viral Load by a Low-Cost Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay with Internal Control for the 5 Long Terminal Repeat Domain (which is found by Fiscus et al.s PubMed search strategy for HIV-1 viral load AND resource-limited settings but presumably just missed the deadline for) we describe an inexpensive assay targeting the conserved long terminal repeat (LTR) domain of HIV-1. (excerpt)
Clear background and highly sensitive protein staining with Coomassie Blue dyes in polyacrylamide gels: A systematic analysis (1985)

Abstract A systematic analysis of protein staining in polyacrylamide gels with Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) R‐250 and G‐250 using a high resolution densitometer allowing for quantitative measurements during staining and destaining has revealed that none of the published procedures allows quantitative measurements. Protein staining with CBB R‐250 in methanol/water/acetic acid is poor, as is staining with CBB G‐250 in trichloroacetic acid or perchloric acid, the latter two, however, allowing for a weak background staining. Consequently using the colloidal properties of the CBB dyes, stronger for G‐250 than for R‐250, it is possible to increase the sensitivity of protein staining to a detection limit of 0.7 ng bovine serum albumin/mm 2 gel. In addition, sensitive protein staining on a clear background is possible. Recipes are described (Section 3.11) for intensified protein staining with CBB G‐250 using trichloroacetic acid or perchloric acid on a clear background. Optimal staining of proteins on a clear background can be performed with phosphoric acid and CBB G‐250 in the presence of ammonium sulfate since under these conditions the colloidal state of the dye is optimized. Furthermore, conditions are described which allow the stable fixation of the protein‐dye complex. Combining the optimized staining conditions with the stable fixation in 20% ammonium sulfate allows for stepwise staining for e. g. detection of weak spots in addition to intense protein spots. The dependence of different staining procedures on gel thickness, gel concentration and compounds routinely used in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is also analysed. Calibration curves and application of the new procedure to biological material demonstrate its wide applicability. Convincing arguments for the colloidal properties of the CBB dyes are presented, formulating the rationale for intensified protein staining with CBB dyes in polyacrylamide gels without background staining.
Serum Ferritin Levels Are Positively Associated With Metabolically Obese Normal Weight (2015)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between serum ferritin levels and metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) and to determine the appropriate cut-off value of serum ferritin for the prediction of clinical metabolic status in nonobese Korean adults. Data from 9411 participants in the fourth (2008) and fifth (2010) annual Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used in this study. MONW was determined by combining National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, Wildman criteria, and homeostatic model assessment criteria for metabolic healthy obesity. The mean serum ferritin level was 103.5 ± 1.2 ng/mL in men and 45.5 ± 0.6 ng/mL in women. The estimated cutoff value of serum ferritin for the prediction of MONW was 127.03 ng/mL in men and 46.87 ng/mL in women. Both men and women who had higher serum ferritin levels than the cutoff value had a higher prevalence of MONW than those individuals who had lower serum ferritin levels than the cutoff value. In the final multivariable adjusted logistic regression model, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of MONW in the subjects who had higher serum ferritin levels than the cutoff value was 1.631 (1.312-2.028) in men and 1.298 (1-1.685) in women. In this study, serum ferritin levels were positively associated with MONW, and those subjects who had higher serum ferritin levels than the cutoff value had a higher prevalence and a higher adjusted odds ratio for MONW despite being nonobese.
Numerical recipes : the art of scientific computing : FORTRAN version (1989)

The product of a collaboration among four leading scientists in academic research and industry which aims to provide a practical, comprehensive handbook of scientific computation.
Continuous-Wave Operation of 520 nm Green InGaN-Based Laser Diodes on Semi-Polar {20\bar21} GaN Substrates (2009)

Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of 520 nm InGaN-based green laser diodes on semi-polar {2021} GaN substrates was demonstrated. A threshold current of 95 mA corresponding to a threshold current density of 7.9 kA/cm2 and a threshold voltage of 9.4 V were achieved by improving the quality of epitaxial layers on {2021} GaN substrates using lattice-matched quaternary InAlGaN cladding layers and also by adopting a ridge-waveguide laser structure.
Modeling Legal Argument: Reasoning with Cases and Hypotheticals (1991)

This dissertation is about adversarial, case-based reasoning and the HYPO program that performs adversarial reasoning with cases and hypotheticals in the legal domain. The dissertation identifies and describes basic case-based operations, an adversarial, case-based reasoning process, a schematic structure for case-based arguments, the kinds of counter-examples that arise and the knowledge sources necessary to support adversarial, case-based reasoning.
The HYPO program embodies the methodology. It comprises: (1) a structured Case Knowledge Base (CKB) of actual legal cases; (2) an indexing scheme (dimensions) for retrieval of relevant cases from the CKB; (3) methods for analyzing problem situations and retrieving relevant cases; (4) methods for interpreting and assessing the relevancy of past cases by positioning the problem situation with respect to relevant existing cases in the CKB as seen from the viewpoint of the problem at hand and finding the most-on-point cases; (5) methods for comparing/contrasting cases (e.g., citing, distinguishing, finding counter-examples); (6) methods for posing hypotheticals that test the sensitivity of the problem situation to changes, particularly with regard to potentially adverse effects of new damaging facts coming to light and existing favorable ones being discredited; (7) methods for generating 3-ply argument outlines to play out realistic legal arguments citing cases in a manner familiar to attorneys; and (8) methods for explaining alternative decisions of the problem situation by posing hypotheticals, comparing arguments and summarizing the precedents. HYPO's performance compares favorably to that of judges and attorneys in actual legal cases.
The law is an excellent domain to study case-based reasoning since by its very nature it: (1) espouses a doctrine of precedent in which prior cases are the primary tools for justifying legal conclusions; and (2) employs precedential reasoning to make up for the lack of strong domain models with which to reason deductively about problem situations. The law is also a paradigm for adversarial case-based reasoning; there are no right answers, only arguments pitting interpretations of cases and facts against each other.
The dissertation addresses issues of central concern to Artificial Intelligence including: relevance and credit assignment, indexing and inference control, argumentation, analogical reasoning and explanation.
Membrane Permeabilization and Efficient Gene Transfer by a Peptide Containing Several Histidines (1998)

We designed a peptide, H5WYG (GLFHAIAHFIHGGWHGLIHGWYG), that permeabilizes cell membrane at a slightly acidic pH but not at neutral pH. Absorbance, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectra showed that H5WYG undergoes a dramatic conformational change between pH 7.0 and 6.0 that correlates with the protonation of the histidyl residues. Cell permeabilization studies monitored by flow cytometry on living cells showed that H5WYG permeabilizes the cell membrane with a great efficiency at pH 6.4 but was not active at neutral pH; at pH 6.8, the peptide permeabilized 50% of the cells at 20 degrees C within 10 min. H5WYG increased the expression of genes transferred to cells as glycosylated polylysine-DNA complexes, and the transfection efficiency was not impaired in the presence of serum. Therefore, this peptide containing several histidines that become positively charged when the pH decreased to less than 7.0 is a suitable helper for delivering molecules into the cytosol upon either permeabilization of the plasma membrane induced by lowering the extracellular medium to pH 6.4 or permeabilization of the endosomal membrane induced by acidification of endosomes.
Macromolecule Analysis Based on Electrophoretic Mobility In Air:  Globular Proteins (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionMacromolecule Analysis Based on Electrophoretic Mobility In Air: Globular ProteinsStanley L. Kaufman, Jeffrey W. Skogen, Frank D. Dorman, Fahimeh Zarrin, and Kenneth C. LewisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 20, 3703Publication Date (Web):October 15, 1996Publication History Published online15 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac961398dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac961398dcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views301Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (34 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visual Discrimination and Orientation* (1963)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Maurice M. Taylor, "Visual Discrimination and Orientation*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53, 763-765 (1963) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Determination of VIT 45 (IND#63,243 - American Regent) Removal by Closed Loop in Vitro Hemodialysis System (2006)

HF or HE dialysis membranes do not remove clinically significant amounts of VIT 45 over a 4-hour in vitro HD session. This effect remained constant even controlling for UFR up to 500 ml/hour. VIT 45 is not dialyzed by HE or HF dialysis membranes irrespective of UFR.
Full wave vertically polarized bistatic radar cross sections for random rough surfaces-comparison with experimental and numerical results (1995)

The one-dimensionally rough surfaces considered in this paper are characterized by four-dimensional Gaussian joint probability density functions for the surface heights and slopes at two points. The expressions for the diffuse scattered fields are used to obtain the random rough cross sections. The full wave solutions are compared with the corresponding small perturbation results and the physical optics results. They are also compared with experimental and numerical results based on Monte Carlo simulations of rough surfaces. The earlier assumption that the surface heights and slopes can be considered to be uncorrelated are examined, and the impact of self shadow is considered in detail. The impact of the commonly used assumption that the radii of curvature is very large compared to the wavelength is also examined in detail. These results are in agreement with the duality and reciprocity relationships in electromagnetic theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chiroinositol deficiency and insulin resistance. III. Acute glycogenic and hypoglycemic effects of two inositol phosphoglycan insulin mediators in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats in vivo. (1993)

Two insulin mediators, inositol phosphoglycans, were isolated from bovine liver by methods previously developed for rat liver, i.e. chromatography on an AG 1 x 8 ion exchange column and selective elution with HCl at pH 2.0 and 1.3. The pH 2.0 mediator containing D-chiroinositol stimulated pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase, whereas the pH 1.3 mediator containing myo-inositol inhibited cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Each mediator was further purified by thin layer and Bio-Gel P4 column chromatography and injected ip into normal fed rats together with [U-14C]glucose. After 2.5 h, diaphragms were removed, and glycogen isolated. Insulin mediators, like insulin, stimulated [U-14C]glucose incorporation into glycogen by 150-160% in a dose-dependent manner in the nanomolar range. Mediators injected iv in the nanomolar range into low dose streptozotocin-diabetic rats decreased plasma glucose 30-45% in 30-60 min, with a return to basal concentrations after 150-180 min. These in vivo insulin-like effects of mediator were observed without changes in serum insulin concentrations. The pH 2.0 mediator was 50-100 times more active (per nmol organic phosphate) than the pH 1.3 mediator in the ip diaphragm glycogenesis assay. Mediator effects on diaphragm were completely blocked by preincubation with an immunopurified inositol phosphoglycan antibody. Both mediators were equally active iv in lowering plasma glucose (per nmol inositol) at concentrations comparable to those of insulin.
Apoptosis (1998)

The topic of this special section is one of the hottest in biology: apoptosis, the highly orchestrated form of cell death in which cells neatly commit suicide by chopping themselves into membrane-packaged bits. Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, has caught the imagination of researchers worldwide. There's good reason for the interest. As noted in the Editorial on page 1283, apoptosis is critical to the health of many organisms, needed to sculpt the nervous system during development and to maintain the normal functioning of the immune system. And when apoptosis malfunctions, the results may be dire: cancer and autoimmune diseases when there is too little apoptosis, and possibly stroke damage or the neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease when there is too much. Because of the importance of apoptosis and the recent explosive progress toward dissecting its molecular basis, we have asked some of the leaders in the field to describe the insights gained from these advances, point out the questions that remain unanswered, and discuss the directions that new research should take.
The Effect of Inhibition of 5-Lipoxygenase by Zileuton in Mild-to-Moderate Asthma (1993)

Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase can improve airway function and decrease symptoms and medication use in patients with asthma, suggesting that this inhibition can be useful therapy for asthma. Also, 5-lipoxygenase products may mediate part of the baseline airway obstruction in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma.