gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A case of immune recovery vitritis induced by donor leukocyte infusion for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (2005)

Donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) has been successfully used for some life-threatening viral infections after stem cell transplantation (SCT). We describe here the first case of DLI treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. A 49-year-old female patient with AML, M1 underwent SCT with a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen from HLA-haploidentical son. On day +140, the patient developed CMV retinitis of her left eye despite the continuing antiviral therapy. DLI at a dose of 1 x 10(5) CD3+ cells/kg was added to ganciclovir and foscarnet therapy. Eighteen days after the DLI, the funduscopic findings revealed improvement of the retinitis and the development of vitreous inflammation. Simultaneously, the number of CD4+ cells in the peripheral blood rapidly increased. Thus, we consider it likely that DLI induced a local immune response against CMV antigens, which resulted in the immune recovery vitritis. This case suggested the potentiality of DLI for the treatment of CMV retinitis.
Detection of Transient In Vivo Interactions between Substrate and Transporter during Protein Translocation into the Endoplasmic Reticulum (1999)

The split-ubiquitin technique was used to detect transient protein interactions in living cells. Nub, the N-terminal half of ubiquitin (Ub), was fused to Sec62p, a component of the protein translocation machinery in the endoplasmic reticulum of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cub, the C-terminal half of Ub, was fused to the C terminus of a signal sequence. The reconstitution of a quasi-native Ub structure from the two halves of Ub, and the resulting cleavage by Ub-specific proteases at the C terminus of Cub, serve as a gauge of proximity between the two test proteins linked to Nub and Cub. Using this assay, we show that Sec62p is spatially close to the signal sequence of the prepro-alpha-factor in vivo. This proximity is confined to the nascent polypeptide chain immediately following the signal sequence. In addition, the extent of proximity depends on the nature of the signal sequence. Cub fusions that bore the signal sequence of invertase resulted in a much lower Ub reconstitution with Nub-Sec62p than otherwise identical test proteins bearing the signal sequence of prepro-alpha-factor. An inactive derivative of Sec62p failed to interact with signal sequences in this assay. These in vivo findings are consistent with Sec62p being part of a signal sequence-binding complex.
Mutation of RGA1, which encodes a putative GTPase-activating protein for the polarity-establishment protein Cdc42p, activates the pheromone-response pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1995)

We have selected yeast mutants that exhibit a constitutively active pheromone-response pathway in the absence of the beta subunit of the trimeric G protein. Genetic analysis of one such mutant revealed that it contained recessive mutations in two distinct genes, both of which contributed to the constitutive phenotype. One mutation identifies the RGA1 locus (Rho GTPase activating protein), which encodes a protein with homology to GAP domains and to LIM domains. Deletion of RGA1 is sufficient to activate the pathway in strains lacking the G beta subunit. Moreover, in wild-type strains, deletion of RGA1 increases signaling in the pheromone pathway, whereas over-expression of RGA1 dampens signaling, demonstrating that Rga1p functions as a negative regulator of the pheromone response pathway. The second mutation present in the original mutant proved to be an allele of a known gene, PBS2, which encodes a putative protein kinase that functions in the high osmolarity stress pathway. The pbs2 mutation enhanced the rga1 mutant phenotype, but by itself did not activate the pheromone pathway. Genetic and two-hybrid analyses indicate that an important target of Rga1p is Cdc42p, a p21 GTPase required for polarity establishment and bud emergence. This finding coupled with recent experiments with mammalian and yeast cells indicating that Cdc42p can interact with and activate Ste20p, a protein kinase that operates in the pheromone pathway, leads us to suggest that Rga1p controls the activity of Cdc42p, which in turn controls the magnitude of signaling in the pheromone pathway via Ste20p.
The δ isoform of CaM kinase II is required for pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling after pressure overload (2009)

Acute and chronic injuries to the heart result in perturbation of intracellular calcium signaling, which leads to pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been implicated in the transduction of calcium signals in the heart, but the specific isoforms of CaMKII that mediate pathological cardiac signaling have not been fully defined. To investigate the potential involvement in heart disease of CaMKIIdelta, the major CaMKII isoform expressed in the heart, we generated CaMKIIdelta-null mice. These mice are viable and display no overt abnormalities in cardiac structure or function in the absence of stress. However, pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling are attenuated in response to pressure overload in these animals. Cardiac extracts from CaMKIIdelta-null mice showed diminished kinase activity toward histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a substrate of stress-responsive protein kinases and suppressor of stress-dependent cardiac remodeling. In contrast, phosphorylation of the closely related HDAC5 was unaffected in hearts of CaMKIIdelta-null mice, underscoring the specificity of the CaMKIIdelta signaling pathway for HDAC4 phosphorylation. We conclude that CaMKIIdelta functions as an important transducer of stress stimuli involved in pathological cardiac remodeling in vivo, which is mediated, at least in part, by the phosphorylation of HDAC4. These findings point to CaMKIIdelta as a potential therapeutic target for the maintenance of cardiac function in the setting of pressure overload.
Nucleotide sequence of gene for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase fromRhodotorula rubra (1988)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of gene for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Rhodotorula rubra Get access David Filpula, David Filpula Genex Corporation, 16020 Industrial DriveGaithersburg, MD 20877, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles A. Vaslet, Charles A. Vaslet + Genex Corporation, 16020 Industrial DriveGaithersburg, MD 20877, USA +Present address: American Biotechnologies, D 359 Allston St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Allison Levy, Allison Levy + Genex Corporation, 16020 Industrial DriveGaithersburg, MD 20877, USA +Present address: American Biotechnologies, D 359 Allston St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Audrey Sykes, Audrey Sykes + Genex Corporation, 16020 Industrial DriveGaithersburg, MD 20877, USA +Present address: American Biotechnologies, D 359 Allston St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert L. Strausberg Robert L. Strausberg Genex Corporation, 16020 Industrial DriveGaithersburg, MD 20877, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 23, 9 December 1988, Page 11381, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.23.11381 Published: 09 December 1988 Article history Accepted: 17 October 1988 Published: 09 December 1988
The IL-8/IL-8R Axis: A Double Agent in Tumor Immune Resistance (2016)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8, CXCL8) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine produced by various cell types to recruit leukocytes to sites of infection or tissue injury. Acquisition of IL-8 and/or its receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 are known to be a relatively common occurrence during tumor progression. Emerging research now indicates that paracrine signaling by tumor-derived IL-8 promotes the trafficking of neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) into the tumor microenvironment, which have the ability to dampen anti-tumor immune responses. Furthermore, recent studies have also shown that IL-8 produced by the tumor mass can induce tumor cells to undergo the transdifferentiation process epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in which tumor cells shed their epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal characteristics. EMT can increase metastatic dissemination, stemness, and intrinsic resistance, including to killing by cytotoxic immune cells. This review highlights the dual potential roles that the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 plays in promoting tumor resistance by enhancing the immunosuppressive microenvironment and activating EMT, and then discusses the potential for targeting the IL-8/IL-8 receptor axis to combat these various resistance mechanisms.
Synthesis of Hydrocarbon Fuels Using Renewable and Nuclear Energy (2009)

In light of the current issues of carbon control and the desire to become less dependent on imported oil, we propose to apply non-carbon-based energy supplies (renewables and nuclear) to reduction of CO2 emissions and production of liquid synthetic fuels. To this end we have performed technical and economic analyses of systems ranging from hydrogen augmentation of coal-to-liquids processes, through the use of coal power plant CO2, to the extraction of atmospheric CO2 for the production of synthetic fuels. This paper emphasizes the use of nuclear power to provide the hydrogen and energy needed for utilization of coal power plant CO2 and points toward the closure of the carbon cycle by the ultimate use of atmospheric CO2.
Hypocaloric Diet Reduces Exercise-Induced α2-Adrenergic Antilipolytic Effect and α2-Adrenergic Receptor mRNA Levels in Adipose Tissue of Obese Women (2002)

Previous investigations have shown that alpha 2-adrenoceptor (alpha 2-AR) stimulation blunts lipid mobilization during physiological activation of the sympathetic nervous system promoted by exercise in sc abdominal adipose tissue (SCAAT) in obese men. To investigate the effect of a low calorie diet (LCD) on the alpha 2-adrenergic responsiveness and on the expression of alpha 2-AR and beta 2-adrenoceptor (beta 2-AR) in SCAAT, 11 obese women (weight: 99.1 +/- 4.6 kg; body mass index: 34.3 +/- 1.1 kg/m(2)) received a 12-wk diet providing 500 kcal/d less than their usual diet. The exercise-induced alpha 2-adrenergic antilipolytic effect was investigated in SCAAT before and at the end of LCD. Changes in extracellular glycerol concentration and local blood flow were measured in SCAAT during a 45-min exercise bout (50% of heart rate reserve) using a control microdialysis probe and a probe supplemented with the alpha2-AR antagonist phentolamine. SCAAT biopsies were performed for determination of mRNA levels using RT-competitive PCR. Plasma catecholamine responses to exercise bout were not different before and at the end of LCD. Before LCD, the exercise-induced increase in extracellular glycerol concentration was potentiated by phentolamine supplementation, while this potentiating effect of the alpha-antagonist was not observed at the end of LCD. No changes were observed for beta 2-AR and hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA levels, while alpha 2-AR mRNA level was significantly decreased in adipose tissue during LCD. These findings show that alpha 2-AR-mediated antilipolytic action is reduced by a moderate hypocaloric diet and that down-regulation of alpha 2-AR mRNA levels may participate in the decrease of the alpha 2-adrenergic effect revealed by microdialysis.
Resource Sharing and Power Allocation for D2D-based safety-critical V2X communications (2015)

Deploying direct device-to-device (D2D) links is considered an enabler for V2X applications, with intra-cell interference and stringent latency and reliability requirements as challenging issues.We investigate the radio resource management problem for D2D-based safety-critical V2X communications. Firstly, we analyze and transform the V2X latency and reliability requirements into mathematical forms that are computable using only slowly varying channel information. Secondly, we propose a problem formulation fulfilling the requirements of V2X, where resource sharing can take place not only between vehicles and cellular users but also among different vehicles. Moreover, a Resource Block Sharing and Power Allocation (RBSPA) algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. Finally, simulations are presented that indicate promising performance of the proposed RBSPA scheme.
Design of stereoselective Ziegler–Natta propene polymerization catalysts (2006)

After five decades of largely serendipitous (albeit formidable) progress, catalyst design in Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization, i.e., the rational implementation of new active species to target predetermined polyolefin architectures, has ultimately become a realistic ambition, thanks to a much deeper fundamental understanding and major advances in the tools of computational chemistry. In this article, we discuss, as a case history, a unique class of stereorigid C2-symmetric bis(phenoxy-amine)Zr(IV) catalysts with controlled kinetic behavior. A large variety of polypropylene microstructures have been obtained with these catalysts by modulating the steric demand of one key substituent, without altering the nature and symmetry of the ancillary ligand framework, under the guidance of computer modeling. This unusual achievement is relevant per se and for the perspective implications in catalyst discovery.
Dynamic Imaging of the Metaphase II Spindle and Maternal Chromosomesin Bovine Oocytes: Implications for Enucleation Efficiency Verification, Avoidanceof Parthenogenesis, and Successful Embryogenesis1 (2000)

Manipulations of DNA and cellular structures are essential for the propagation of genetically identical animals by nuclear transfer. However, none of the steps have been optimized yet. This study reports a protocol that improves live dynamic imaging of the unfertilized bovine oocyte's meiotic spindle microtubules with microinjected polymerization-competent X-rhodamine-tubulin and/or with vital long-wavelength excited DNA fluorochrome Sybr14 so that the maternal chromosomes can be verifiably removed to make enucleated eggs the starting point for cloning. Suitability of the new fluorochromes was compared to the conventional UV excitable Hoechst 33342 fluorochrome. Enucleation removed the smallest amount of cytoplasm (4-7%) and was 100% efficient only when performed under continuous fluorescence, i.e., longer fluorescence exposure. This was in part due to the finding that the second metaphase spindle is frequently displaced (60.7 +/- 10%) from its previously assumed location subjacent to the first polar body. Removal of as much as 24 +/- 3% of the oocyte cytoplasm underneath the polar body, in the absence of fluorochromes, often resulted in enucleation failure (36 +/- 6%). When labeled oocytes were exposed to fluorescence and later activated, development to the blastocyst stage was lowest in the group labeled with Hoechst 33342 (3%), when compared to Sybr14 (19%), rhodamine-tubulin (23%), or unlabeled oocytes (37%). This suggests that longer wavelength fluorochromes can be employed for live visualization of metaphase spindle components, verification of their complete removal during enucleation, and avoidance of the confusion between artifactual parthenogenesis versus "cloning" success, without compromising the oocyte's developmental potential after activation.
Suz12 binds to silenced regions of the genome in a cell-type-specific manner (2006)

Suz12 is a component of the Polycomb group complexes 2, 3, and 4 (PRC 2/3/4). These complexes are critical for proper embryonic development, but very few target genes have been identified in either mouse or human cells. Using a variety of ChIP-chip approaches, we have identified a large set of Suz12 target genes in five different human and mouse cell lines. Interestingly, we found that Suz12 target promoters are cell type specific, with transcription factors and homeobox proteins predominating in embryonal cells and glycoproteins and immunoglobulin-related proteins predominating in adult tumors. We have also characterized the localization of other components of the PRC complex with Suz12 and investigated the overall relationship between Suz12 binding and markers of active versus inactive chromatin, using both promoter arrays and custom tiling arrays. Surprisingly, we find that the PRC complexes can be localized to discrete binding sites or spread through large regions of the mouse and human genomes. Finally, we have shown that some Suz12 target genes are bound by OCT4 in embryonal cells and suggest that OCT4 maintains stem cell self-renewal, in part, by recruiting PRC complexes to certain genes that promote differentiation.
Immunohistochemical distribution of aromatase and 3B‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human hair follicle and sebaceous gland (1992)

Human hair follicles (HF) and sebaceous glands (SG) were assessed for the presence and distribution of the cytochrome P‐450‐aromatase (AR) and 3B‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3B‐HSD) enzymes. Immunohistochemical methods were used to examine both enzymes in male and female human skin specimens at various ages and different body sites. AR was found in the external root sheath of anagen, terminal HF, and in SG, whereas the 3B‐HSD was found only in the SG. AR was rarely found in telogen HF. The expression of both enzymes, AR and 3B‐HSD, did not vary with body site or sex. Localizing AR in the external root sheath of anagen HF suggests that AR may have a function in the HF cycle. We hypothesize that AR may be one of many enzymes or factors that play a role in the HF cycle by regulating the level of androgens formed locally, whereas 3B‐HSD is localized in SG, converting weak androgen precursors to potent androgens, stimulating lipogenesis.
The adjuvant activity of nonionic block polymer surfactants. I. The role of hydrophile-lipophile balance. (1981)

We developed an experimental model for studying the physicochemical basis of the adjuvant activity of surface-active agents. Pluronic polyols are chemically similar but physicochemically diverse surface-active agents composed of polymers of hydrophilic polyoxyethylene and lipophilic polyoxypropylene. One of them, L121, was found to be a powerful adjuvant for increasing antibody formation to BSA in mice when injected in an oil-in-water emulsion. Another, L101, was less effective in increasing antibody formation, but was more effective in inducing granulomatous inflammation. Three others had little effect on either response. The ability of these and other surface active agents to serve as adjuvants correlated with a physicochemical parameter, the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB). All of the surfactants with strong adjuvant activity have HLB values of less than 2. They are strongly lipophilic and promote the retention of macromolecules by oil drops in oil-in-water emulsions. We propose that the adjuvant activity of these compounds is dependent on their ability to concentrate the adjuvant, immunogen, and host proteins on hydrophobic surfaces, where they are more effectively presented to cells of the immune system.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Cytokine Array Comparisons of Plasma from Cycling Fertile Women on Cycle Day 5 and Ovulation (2009)

Circulating immuno-regulatory molecules fluctuate over the menstrual cycle in healthy women. The combination of differentially expressed molecules suggests roles in cyclical regulation of angiogenesis and immune cell trafficking.
Treatment of Postanoxic Intention Myoclonus with Valproic Acid (1979)

Valproic acid in therapeutic doses was used in the treatment of postanoxic intention myoclonus. Disappearance of the myoclonus occurred with marked improvement in the electroencephalogram. No significant side effects were noted. Hepatic function tests were monitored. Determination of valproic acid plasma levels was used to guide therapy. Levels above 55 micrograms were generally required. The patient remains free of myoclonus after four and one half months.
Comparative speed of kill of sarolaner (Simparica™) and fluralaner (Bravecto®) against induced infestations of Ctenocephalides felis on dogs (2016)

In this controlled laboratory evaluation, sarolaner had a significantly faster speed of kill against fleas than fluralaner at the end of its claimed treatment period. The rapid and consistent kill of fleas within 8 to 12 h after monthly oral doses of sarolaner indicates that this treatment will provide rapid and highly effective control of flea infestations, and suggests that it will provide relief for dogs suffering from flea allergy dermatitis, and should reduce the risk of flea-borne pathogen transmission.
Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Sensory and Autonomic Nerve Terminals in Herniated Lumbar Disc Tissue (1996)

Small nerve terminals in disc herniations, both sensory substance P endings and sympathetic C-flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y endings, could be involved in mechanisms of discogenic pain, disc tissue neurogenic inflammation, tissue repair processes after injury, and control of local blood circulation in the newly formed blood vessels. Disc cells may be directly affected by the neuropeptides released from nearby nerve terminals.
Primary care physician beliefs about insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes (2008)

The beliefs of some PCPs are inconsistent with their diabetes treatment goals (HbA1c < or = 7%). Continuing medical education programmes that focus on increasing primary care physician knowledge about the progression of diabetes, the physiological effects of insulin, and tools for successfully initiating insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes are needed.
1,1-Bis(3′-indolyl)-1-( p -chlorophenyl)methane activates the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 and inhibits bladder cancer growth (2008)

Nurr1 is an orphan nuclear receptor and a member of the nerve growth factor I-B subfamily of transcription factors with no known endogenous ligand or stimulator. We show, for the first time, evidence that Nurr1 is expressed in a panel of 11 human bladder cancer cell lines. A new class of methylene-substituted diindolylmethanes (C-DIM) were screened and 1,1-bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)methane (DIM-C-pPhCl) activated the ligand-binding domain of Nurr1. Treatment of bladder cancer cells with Nurr1-active C-DIM resulted in decreased cell survival (MTT assay) and induction of cell death pathways, resulting in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and DNA fragmentation. The specificity of the Nurr1-active compound was shown using RNA interference in 253J B-V cells, whereby small interfering RNA against Nurr1 attenuated ligand-dependent activation of Nurr1 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Furthermore, activation of Nurr1 resulted in stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and small interfering RNA experiments attenuated tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand production. In an orthotopic model of human bladder tumors established in nude mice, administration of a Nurr1-active C-DIM suppressed bladder cancer growth. These results identify Nurr1 as a potential target for bladder cancer therapy and also identify a novel agent for activating Nurr1.
PPCoin: Peer-to-Peer Crypto-Currency with Proof-of-Stake (2012)

A peer-to-peer crypto-currency design derived from Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin. Proof-of-stake replaces proof-of-work to provide most of the network security. Under this hybrid design proof-of-work mainly provides initial minting and is largely non-essential in the long run. Security level of the network is not dependent on energy consumption in the long term thus providing an energyefficient and more cost-competitive peer-to-peer crypto-currency. Proof-of-stake is based on coin age and generated by each node via a hashing scheme bearing similarity to Bitcoin’s but over limited search space. Block chain history and transaction settlement are further protected by a centrally broadcasted checkpoint mechanism.