gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antisense S-Oligonucleotide against Tranforming Growth Factor- &beta;<sub>1</sub> Inhibits Proteoglycan Synthesis in Arterial Wall (1994)

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a potent stimulator of proteoglycan (PG) synthesis by cultured smooth muscle cells. To test the hypothesis that TGF-beta 1 stimulates PG synthesis in whole artery wall we have investigated the effect of blocking endogenous TGF-beta 1 using an antisense S-oligonucleotide (ASO) directed against the first 7 codons for the N-terminal region of active TGF-beta 1. This sequence reduced TGF-beta 1 secretion by cultured endothelial cells by 40-55%. To determine the effect of the ASO on PG synthesis in whole vessel we chose the rat carotid artery (RCA) maintained in organ culture, a model in which we previously documented endothelial-dependent increases in PG synthesis over time in culture. We report here that the increases in PG in the inner layers of the vessel wall are matched by similar increases in TGF-beta 1 mRNA. To test for the effect of ASO on PG synthesis, small segments of RCA, maintained in organ culture (Medium 199, supplemented with 1% FCS), were exposed on day 6 to either control media, antisense TGF-beta 1, sense TGF-beta 1, or a non-sense sequence at 5, 10 and 20 microM concentrations. Following 24 h exposure to the oligonucleotides, cultures were labelled for a further 24 h with [3H]glucosamine and processed for autoradiography. Antisense TGF-beta 1 at 10 and 20 microM produced a 60% reduction in PG synthesis in the endothelium and adjacent first layer of the media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An ADSL integrated active hybrid circuit (2004)

A fully integrated active hybrid, fabricated in 16V oxide-isolated complementary BiCMOS, performs 2-wire to 4-wire conversion. Hybrid rejection >25dB is achieved across the entire ADSL band is < 7minus;136dBm/Hz referred to the loop terminals. Hybrid area is 4.24mm/sup 2/ and consumes <63mW.
Evidence for an inflammatory process in age-related macular degeneration gains new support (2005)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Comparison of Phenotypic and Marker‐Assisted Selection for Quantitative Traits in Sweet Corn (2001)

This investigation was designed to empirically compare the efficiency of marker‐assisted selection (MAS) and phenotypic selection (PS) in enhancing economically important quantitative traits in sweet corn ( Zea mays L.). Marker‐assisted selection and PS were applied to three F 2:3 base populations (C 0 ) with either the sugary1 ( su1 ), sugary enhancer1 ( se1 ), or shrunken2 ( sh2 ) endosperm mutations. One cycle of selection was applied for both single and multiple traits including seedling emergence, kernel sucrose concentration, kernel tenderness, and hedonic rating (taste panel preference). Twenty percent of the families in each of the base populations were selected and intermated to constitute MAS‐ and PS‐based C 1 composite populations. Selection efficiencies were evaluated on the basis of gains over one cycle and estimated evaluation costs. A total of 52 paired comparisons were made between MAS and PS composite populations. In 38% of the paired comparisons, MAS resulted in significantly higher gain than PS across the three C 1 composite populations, while PS was significantly greater in only 4% of the cases. The average MAS and PS gain across all composite populations and selected traits, calculated as percent increase or decrease from the randomly selected controls, was 10.9% and 6.1%, respectively. Use of MAS is most appropriate when traits are difficult and costly to measure. However, for some traits, the higher gain from MAS can compensate for the higher costs of MAS. It was concluded that incorporating DNA markers to traditional breeding programs could expedite selection progress and be cost‐effective.
Over-expression of wild-type Rad51 correlates with histological grading of invasive ductal breast cancer (2000)

Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death in women. BRCA1 tumour-suppressor function is abolished in sporadic breast cancer by down-regulation of the protein level. This down-regulation inversely correlates with tumour grading. BRCA1 is part of a multiprotein complex, which also contains the recombination factor Rad51. Here we describe that in contrast to BRCA1, histological grading of sporadic invasive ductal breast cancer significantly correlates with over-expression of wild-type Rad51. These data suggest that in addition to the absence of the tumour-suppressor protein BRCA1, over-expression of wild-type Rad51 also contributes to the pathogenesis of a significant percentage of sporadic breast cancers and that other mechanisms than mutations must be responsible for this altered expression.
Normal forms for multidimensional databases (2002)

In the area of online analytical processing (OLAP), the concept of multidimensional databases is receiving much popularity. Thus, a couple of different multidimensional data models were proposed from the research as well as from the commercial product side, each emphasizing different perspectives. However, very little work has been done investigating guidelines for good schema design within such a multidimensional data model. Based on a logical reconstruction of multidimensional schema design, this paper proposes two multidimensional normal forms. These normal forms define modeling constraints for summary attributes describing the cells within a multidimensional data cube and constraints to model complex dimensional structures appropriately. Multidimensional schemas compliant to these normal forms do not only ensure the validity of analytical computations on the multidimensional database, but also favor an efficient physical database design.
A class of ejecta transport test problems (2024)

Hydro code implementations of ejecta dynamics at shocked interfaces presume a source distribution function ofparticulate masses and velocities, f{sub 0}(m, v;t). Some of the properties of this source distribution function have been determined from extensive Taylor and supported wave experiments on shock loaded Sn interfaces of varying surface and subsurface morphology. Such experiments measure the mass moment of f{sub o} under vacuum conditions assuming weak particle-particle interaction and, usually, fully inelastic capture by piezo-electric diagnostic probes. Recently, planar Sn experiments in He, Ar, and Kr gas atmospheres have been carried out to provide transport data both for machined surfaces and for coated surfaces. A hydro code model of ejecta transport usually specifies a criterion for the instantaneous temporal appearance of ejecta with source distribution f{sub 0}(m, v;t{sub 0}). Under the further assumption of separability, f{sub 0}(m,v;t{sub 0}) = f{sub 1}(m)f{sub 2}(v), the motion of particles under the influence of gas dynamic forces is calculated. For the situation of non-interacting particulates, interacting with a gas via drag forces, with the assumption of separability and simplified approximations to the Reynolds number dependence of the drag coefficient, the dynamical equation for the time evolution of the distribution function, f(r,v,m;t), can be resolved as a one-dimensional integral which can be compared to a direct hydro simulation as a test problem. Such solutions can also be used for preliminary analysis of experimental data. We report solutions for several shape dependent drag coefficients and analyze the results of recent planar dsh experiments in Ar and Xe.
Case Study of a Novel Acid-Diversion Technique in Carbonate Reservoirs (1999)

Abstract A novel non-particulate, non-foam diverting agent was developed to improve zone coverage during matrix stimulation of carbonate reservoirs. Typically the treating fluid flows into thief zone/s of high water-saturation and/or higher permeability sections. Higher water cut often results due to over-treating the water zones and inadequate treatment of the hydrocarbon bearing zones. Although foam has been used successfully in diverting acid from the aquifer to the damaged oil zones, the limited nitrogen availability in some areas and additional handling requirements call for a simpler process, especially in long intervals where multiple acid/divertor alternating stages are involved. The newly developed one-additive diverting agent system contains only a viscoelastic surfactant (VES) which can easily be mixed in brine to form a highly viscous gel. The gel maintains its viscosity when contacting water thus temporarily plugs the high water-saturation and/or pre-stimulated zones resulting in diversion of acid into the targeted oil zones.
Alginate‐PLL microencapsulation: Effect on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into hepatocytes (2005)

The emergence of hepatocyte based clinical and pharmaceutical technologies, has been limited by the absence of a stable hepatocyte cell source. Embryonic stem cells may represent a potential solution to this cell source limitation problem since they are highly proliferative, renewable, and pluripotent. Although many investigators have described techniques to effectively differentiate stem cells into a variety of mature cell lineages, their practicality is limited by: (1) low yields of fully differentiated cells, (2) absence of large scale processing considerations, and (3) ineffective downstream enrichment protocols. Thus, a differentiation platform that may be modified to induce and sustain differentiated cell function and scaled to increase differentiated cell yield would improve current stem cell differentiation strategies. Microencapsulation provides a vehicle for the discrete control of key cell culture parameters such as the diffusion of growth factors, metabolites, and wastes. In addition, both cell seeding density and bead composition may be manipulated. In order to assess the feasibility of directing stem cell differentiation via microenvironment regulation, we have developed a murine embryonic stem cell (ES) alginate poly-l-lysine microencapsulation hepatocyte differentiation system. Our results indicate that the alginate microenvironment maintains cell viability, is conducive to ES cell differentiation, and maintains differentiated cellular function. This system may ultimately assist in developing scalable stem cell differentiation strategies.
Special Feature An Overview of Data Compression Techniques (1981)

Reducing redundancy in data representation leads to decreased data storage requirements and lower costs for data communication.
Initial fixation strength of polylactic acid interference screws in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (1998)

The initial fixation properties of bioresorbable polylactic acid (PLA) interference screws designed for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were evaluated using an in vitro bovine model. The surgical technique of interference screw fixation of the bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft complex performed clinically was reproduced in an adult bovine model. The reconstructed knee was tested oriented in 30 degrees of flexion to allow examination of the femoral and tibial fixation properties simultaneously. This model examined the initial fixation strength between PLA and metal interference screws as well as a partially degraded PLA implant. Data from this in vitro model indicate that PLA interference screws can provide similar initial fixation at both time 0 and after degradation for up to 28 days compared with metal interference screws for bone-tendon-bone ACL reconstructions.
Performance of high power fibre laser cutting of thick-section steel and mediumsection aluminium (2010)

Cutting of thick section stainless steel and mild steel, and medium section aluminium using the high power ytterbium fibre laser has been experimentally investigated in this study. Theoretical models of the laser power requirement for cutting of a metal workpiece and the melt removal rate were also developed. &#13;\n&#13;\nThe calculated laser power requirement was correlated to the laser power used for the cutting of 10 mm stainless steel workpiece and 15 mm mild steel workpiece using the ytterbium fibre laser and the CO2 laser. Nitrogen assist gas was used for cutting of stainless steel and oxygen was used for mild steel cutting. It was found that the incident laser power required for cutting at a given cutting speed was lower for fibre laser cutting than for CO2 laser cutting indicating a higher absorptivity of the fibre laser beam by the workpiece and higher melting efficiency for the fibre laser beam than for the CO2 laser beam. The difficulty in achieving an efficient melt removal during high speed cutting of the 15 mmmild steel workpiece with oxygen assist gas using the ytterbium fibre laser can be attributed to the high melting efficiency of the ytterbium fibre laser. &#13;\n&#13;\nThe calculated melt flow velocity and melt film thickness correlated well with the location of the boundary layer separation point on the 10 mm stainless steel cut edges. An increase in the melt film thickness caused by deceleration of the melt particles in the boundary layer by the viscous shear forces results in the flow separation. The melt flow velocity increases with an increase in assist gas pressure and cut kerf width resulting in a reduction in the melt film thickness and the boundary layer separation point moves closer to the bottom cut edge. &#13;\n&#13;\nThe cut edge quality was examined by visual inspection of the cut samples and measurement of the cut kerf width, boundary layer separation point, cut edge squareness (perpendicularity) deviation, and cut edge surface roughness as output quality factors. Different regions of cut edge quality in 10 mm stainless steel and 4 mm aluminium workpieces were defined for different combinations of cutting speed and laserpower.Optimization of processing parameters for a high cut edge quality in 10 mmstainless steel was demonstrated
Scaling of thin disk pulse amplifiers (2008)

In the past decade, the Thin Disk laser design was very successful as a high power laser design for cw lasers with good beam quality and high efficiency. Several numerical models show that the actually demonstrated output powers are far below the scaling limits due to amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Also pulsed lasers based on Thin Disk amplifiers achieved comparable high average power, but only with medium pulse energies (about 100 mJ). Numerical models show that ASE effects limit the possible pulse energy to values of a few Joule, using the typical high power cw Thin Disk laser design. To evaluate designs for higher pulse energies a time resolved numerical model of pump absorption and ASE was developed and combined with a model of pulse amplification. The evaluation is focused on quasi-cw pumped pulse amplifiers. It includes the analysis of temperature, stress, deformation and thermal lensing, using finite element methods. This numerical model is used to develop thin disk designs for high output energies.
BTN1A1, the Mammary Gland Butyrophilin, and BTN2A2 Are Both Inhibitors of T Cell Activation (2010)

Butyrophilin (BTN) genes encode a set of related proteins. Studies in mice have shown that one of these, BTN1A1, is required for milk lipid secretion in lactation, whereas butyrophilin-like 2 is a coinhibitor of T cell activation. To understand these disparate roles of BTNs, we first compared the expression and functions of mouse Btn1a1 and Btn2a2. Btn1a1 transcripts were not restricted to lactating mammary tissue but were also found in virgin mammary tissue and, interestingly, spleen and thymus. In confirmation of this, BTN1A1 protein was detected in thymic epithelial cells. By contrast, Btn2a2 transcripts and protein were broadly expressed. Cell surface BTN2A2 protein, such as the B7 family molecule programmed death ligand 1, was upregulated upon activation of T cells. We next examined the potential of both BTN1A1 and BTN2A2 to interact with T cells. Recombinant Fc fusion proteins of murine BTN2A2 and, surprisingly BTN1A1, bound to activated T cells, suggesting the presence of one or more receptors on these cells. Immobilized BTN-Fc fusion proteins, but not MOG-Fc protein, inhibited the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells activated by anti-CD3. BTN1A1 and BTN2A2 also inhibited T cell metabolism, IL-2, and IFN-gamma secretion. Inhibition of proliferation was not abrogated by exogenous IL-2 but could be overcome following costimulation with high levels of anti-CD28 Ab. These data are consistent with a coinhibitory role for mouse BTNs, including BTN1A1, the BTN expressed in the lactating mammary gland and on milk lipid droplets.
High‐level secretion of a recombinant protein to the culture medium with a Bacillus subtilis twin‐arginine translocation system in Escherichia coli (2013)

The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system transports folded proteins across the plasma membrane in bacteria, and heterologous proteins can be exported by this pathway if a Tat-type signal peptide is present at the N-terminus. The system thus has potential for biopharmaceutical production in Escherichia coli, where export to the periplasm is often a favoured approach. Previous studies have shown that E. coli cells can export high levels of protein by the Tat pathway, and the protein product accummulates almost exclusively in the periplasm. In this study, we analysed E. coli cells that express the Bacillus subtilis TatAdCd system in place of the native TatABC system. We show that a heterologous model protein, comprising the TorA signal peptide linked to green fluorescent protein (TorA-GFP), is efficiently exported by the TatAdCd system. However, whereas the GFP is exported initially to the periplasm during batch fermentation, the mature protein is increasingly found in the extracellular culture medium. By the end of a 16-h fermentation, ~ 90% of exported GFP is present in the medium as active mature protein. The total protein profiles of the medium and periplasm are essentially identical, confirming that the outer membrane becomes leaky during the fermentation process. The cells are otherwise intact, and there is no large-scale release of cytoplasmic contents. Export levels are relatively high, with ~ 0.35 g GFP·L⁻¹ culture present in the medium. This system thus offers a means of producing recombinant protein in E. coli and harvesting directly from the medium, with potential advantages in terms of ease of purification and downstream processing.
Time-Lapse Video Microscopy of Gliding Motility inToxoplasma gondiiReveals a Novel, Biphasic Mechanism of Cell Locomotion (1999)

Toxoplasma gondii is a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, a diverse group of intracellular parasites that share a unique form of gliding motility. Gliding is substrate dependent and occurs without apparent changes in cell shape and in the absence of traditional locomotory organelles. Here, we demonstrate that gliding is characterized by three distinct forms of motility: circular gliding, upright twirling, and helical rotation. Circular gliding commences while the crescent-shaped parasite lies on its right side, from where it moves in a counterclockwise manner at a rate of approximately 1.5 microm/s. Twirling occurs when the parasite rights itself vertically, remaining attached to the substrate by its posterior end and spinning clockwise. Helical gliding is similar to twirling except that it occurs while the parasite is positioned horizontally, resulting in forward movement that follows the path of a corkscrew. The parasite begins lying on its left side (where the convex side is defined as dorsal) and initiates a clockwise revolution along the long axis of the crescent-shaped body. Time-lapse video analyses indicated that helical gliding is a biphasic process. During the first 180(o) of the turn, the parasite moves forward one body length at a rate of approximately 1-3 microm/s. In the second phase, the parasite flips onto its left side, in the process undergoing little net forward motion. All three forms of motility were disrupted by inhibitors of actin filaments (cytochalasin D) and myosin ATPase (butanedione monoxime), indicating that they rely on an actinomyosin motor in the parasite. Gliding motility likely provides the force for active penetration of the host cell and may participate in dissemination within the host and thus is of both fundamental and practical interest.
SARS-CoV-2 replicon for high-throughput antiviral screening (2021)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which is highly pathogenic and classified as a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) agent, has greatly threatened global health and efficacious antivirals are urgently needed. The high requirement of facilities to manipulate the live virus has limited the development of antiviral study. Here, we constructed a reporter replicon of SARS-CoV-2, which can be handled in a BSL-2 laboratory. The Renilla luciferase activity effectively reflected the transcription and replication levels of the replicon genome. We identified the suitability of the replicon in antiviral screening using the known inhibitors, and thus established the replicon-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for SARS-CoV-2. The application of the HTS assay was further validated using a few hit natural compounds, which were screened out in a SARS-CoV-2 induced cytopathic-effect-based HTS assay in our previous study. This replicon-based HTS assay will be a safe platform for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral screening in a BSL-2 laboratory without the live virus.
Serum biomarkers for neurofibromatosis type 1 and early detection of malignant peripheral nerve-sheath tumors (2013)

Our study identified two serum markers with potential for early detection of patients with NF1 at risk for developing MPNST, and four markers that could distinguish between patients with NF1 and healthy subjects. Such markers may be useful as diagnostic tools to support the diagnosis of NF1 and for timely identification of MPNST. Moreover, the data suggest that there is a systemic increase in inflammatory cytokines independently of tumor load in patients with NF1.
SCAPER, a novel cyclin A–interacting protein that regulates cell cycle progression (2007)

Cyclin A/Cdk2 plays an important role during S and G2/M phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle, but the mechanisms by which it regulates cell cycle events are not fully understood. We have biochemically purified and identified SCAPER, a novel protein that specifically interacts with cyclin A/Cdk2 in vivo. Its expression is cell cycle independent, and it associates with cyclin A/Cdk2 at multiple phases of the cell cycle. SCAPER localizes primarily to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ectopic expression of SCAPER sequesters cyclin A from the nucleus and results specifically in an accumulation of cells in M phase of the cell cycle. RNAi-mediated depletion of SCAPER decreases the cytoplasmic pool of cyclin A and delays the G1/S phase transition upon cell cycle re-entry from quiescence. We propose that SCAPER represents a novel cyclin A/Cdk2 regulatory protein that transiently maintains this kinase in the cytoplasm. SCAPER could play a role in distinguishing S phase- from M phase-specific functions of cyclin A/Cdk2.