gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P‐selectin directs T lymphocyte‐mediated injury in delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses: studies in glomerulonephritis and cutaneous delayed‐type hypersensitivity (1996)

The role of P-selectin in T-lymphocyte accumulation and injury was studied in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in the skin and glomeruli of rats. Sprague Dawley rats were sensitized to sheep globulin and challenged 5 days later in the skin by subcutaneous injection and simultaneously in glomeruli by intravenous injection of a subnephritogenic dose of sheep anti-rat glomerular basement membrane globulin. This resulted in cutaneous and glomerular T lymphocyte-dependent macrophage influx and injury characteristic of DTH. Up-regulation of P-selectin expression on endothelial cells was observed in both inflammatory lesions. Treatment of rats with anti-CD5 antibody immediately prior to antigen challenge prevented the development of injury as assessed by measurement of proteinuria and skin swelling, as well as local T cell and macrophage accumulation in the glomerulus and in the skin, but did not block up-regulation endothelial cell P-selectin. Treatment with anti-CD4 antibody produced similar results. Blocking P-selectin in vivo with a functionally inhibitory antibody prevented development of proteinuria and skin swelling following antigen challenge. Local accumulation of T cells and macrophages was markedly attenuated in glomeruli and the skin and up-regulation of endothelial cell P-selectin was prevented. These data demonstrate that P-selectin is locally up-regulated on endothelial cells in T cell-dependent glomerular and cutaneous inflammation and suggests a pivotal functional role for P-selectin in local T cell recruitment and subsequent injury in DTH.
On $ \phi $ -amicable pairs (with appendix) (1995)

Let $\phi(n)$ denote Euler's totient function, i.e., the number of positive integers~$<n$ and prime to $n$. We study pairs of positive integers $(a_0,a_1)$ with $a_0\le a_1$ such that $\phi(a_0)=\phi(a_1)=(a_0+a_1)/k$ for some integer $k\ge1$. We call these numbers $\phi$--{\it amicable pairs with multiplier\/} $k$, analogously to Carmichael's multiply amicable pairs for the $\sigma$--function (which sums all the divisors of $n$). We have computed all the $\phi$--amicable pairs with larger member $\le10\^9$ and found 812 pairs for which the greatest common divisor is squarefree. With any such pair infinitely many other $\phi$--amicable pairs can be associated. We present a table of the $58$ so-called primitive $\phi$--amicable pairs for which the larger member does not exceed $10^6$. Next, $\phi$--amicable pairs with a given prime structure are studied. It is proved (a.o.) that a relatively prime $\phi$--amicable pair has at least twelve distinct prime factors and that, with the exception of the pair $(2^2,2\cdot 3)$, if one member of a $\phi$--amicable pair has two distinct prime factors, then the other has at least four distinct prime factors. Analogies with construction methods for the classical amicable numbers are shown; application of these methods yields another 79 primitive $\phi$--amicable pairs with larger member $>10^9$, the largest pair consisting of two 46-digit numbers.
Preparation of high-quality next-generation sequencing libraries from picogram quantities of target DNA (2011)

New sequencing technologies can address diverse biomedical questions but are limited by a minimum required DNA input of typically 1 μg. We describe how sequencing libraries can be reproducibly created from 20 pg of input DNA using a modified transpososome-mediated fragmentation technique. Resulting libraries incorporate in-line bar-coding, which facilitates sample multiplexes that can be sequenced using Illumina platforms with the manufacturer's sequencing primer. We demonstrate this technique by providing deep coverage sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 genome that shows equivalent target coverage to a 1-μg input library prepared using standard Illumina methods. Reducing template quantity does, however, increase the proportion of duplicate reads and enriches coverage in low-GC regions. This finding was confirmed with exhaustive resequencing of a mouse library constructed from 20 pg of gDNA input (about seven haploid genomes) resulting in ∼0.4-fold statistical coverage of uniquely mapped fragments. This implies that a near-complete coverage of the mouse genome is obtainable with this approach using 20 genomes as input. Application of this new method now allows genomic studies from low mass samples and routine preparation of sequencing libraries from enrichment procedures.
Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of intravesical TMX‐101: a preclinical study in pigs (2011)

• Intravesically administered R-837 in pigs, which showed a similar TLR-7 distribution in bladder tissue as humans, is well tolerated and causes no bladder wall toxicity, and formulations with poloxamer and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin showed less systemic absorption.
Excision of Anal Fistula With Closure of the Internal Opening (2002)

Surgery for anal fistula with excision and advancement flap has a fairly high initial recurrence rate but a good final success rate. A decrease in continence is seen also after this kind of surgery for anal fistula. Manometric results suggest that this is associated with an impaired internal anal sphincter function.
Converted-wave resolution (2009)

Abstract Seismic-resolution theory used in survey design applies to P- and S-wave reflection seismology but is not readily applicable to converted waves. We rederived the theory with sufficient generality to include converted waves explicitly. Generalization of the theory requires that the inherent converted-wave properties of mode change and finite scattering angle be accommodated. The significance of amplitude fidelity in modern seismic applications also affects the resolution description. We considered resolution in the context of a single recorded trace (trace resolution) and an image derived from many traces (image resolution). Trace resolution is governed by wavelet width, which results in a minimum bandwidth requirement, depending on scattering angle and local propagation velocities of incident and scattered modes. Image resolution is governed additionally by the migration acceptance angle and results in minimum aperture and sampling requirements. The requirements for converted-wave surveys generally differ from those of P- and S-wave surveys. Our theory predicts converted-wave reflection seismology resolution and provides the minimum acquisition parameters required to achieve resolution objectives.
Synthesis of (aryloxy)alkylamines. I. Novel antisecretory agents with H+K+-ATPase inhibitory activity (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of (aryloxy)alkylamines. I. Novel antisecretory agents with H+K+-ATPase inhibitory activityPauline J. Sanfilippo, Maud Urbanski, Jeffery B. Press, Zoltan G. Hajos, David A. Shriver, and Cynthia K. ScottCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1988, 31, 9, 1778–1785Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00117a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00117a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views444Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generalized diffusion-reaction model for the low-field charge-buildup instability at the Si-SiO2interface (1995)

We present a unified phenomenological model of the low-field charge-buildup phenomenon at ultrathin ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$-Si interfaces during negative-bias stresses at elevated temperatures and compare it with experiments. Based on the microscopic understanding of interfacial charges and neutral defects as trivalent silicon and its hydrogen compounds, the dissociation chemistry of hydrogen-passivated dangling silicon bonds is extensively studied by generalizing the diffusion-reaction concept to include charged as well as neutral diffusing species. The mathematical scheme consists of a detailed-balance equation for the first- or second-order chemical reaction and a diffusion equation for the charged or neutral reaction by-product whose interfacial concentration determines the reaction rate at the interface. This generalized diffusion-reaction concept is shown to provide a plausible explanation for the various dependencies of the phenomenon. The general solution of these coupled equations is characterized by its fractional-power time dependence, \ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{t}}^{1/4}$ for example, and the corresponding exponential dependence on the activation energy over temperature, which comes from the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient. For the neutral diffusing species, this scheme provides no first-principles-based information on the oxide field (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{ox}}$) dependence. Thus the experimentally observed field dependence, such as \ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{ox}}^{3/2}$, can be ascribed to the nature of the fundamental electrochemical reaction at the interface. On the other hand, for charged diffusing species, this scheme provides ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{ox}}^{1}$${\mathit{t}}^{1/2}$ dependence. Comparison of these mathematical predictions with experimental data leads us to conclude that the low-field charge-buildup instability of the ultrathin ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$-Si interface under negative-bias temperature stresses is successfully explained by our generalized diffusion-reaction model of neutral-diffusing (atomic or molecular) hydrogen with the boundary condition of an absorbing wall at the gate-electrode interface.
Incorporating structure to predict microRNA targets (2005)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered set of regulatory genes that constitute up to an estimated 1% of the total number of genes in animal genomes, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, mouse, and humans [Lagos-Quintana, M., Rauhut, R., Lendeckel, W. & Tuschl, T. (2001) Science 294, 853-858; Lai, E. C., Tomancak, P., Williams, R. W. & Rubin, G.M. (2003) Genome Biol. 4, R42; Lau, N. C., Lim, L. P., Weinstein, E. G. & Bartel, D. P. (2001) Science 294, 858-862; Lee, R. C. & Ambros, V. (2001) Science 294, 862-8644; and Lee, R. C., Feinbaum, R. L. & Ambros, V. (1993) Cell 115, 787-798]. In animals, miRNAs regulate genes by attenuating protein translation through imperfect base pair binding to 3' UTR sequences of target genes. A major challenge in understanding the regulatory role of miRNAs is to accurately predict regulated targets. We have developed an algorithm for predicting targets that does not rely on evolutionary conservation. As one of the features of this algorithm, we incorporate the folded structure of mRNA. By using Drosophila miRNAs as a test case, we have validated our predictions in 10 of 15 genes tested. One of these validated genes is mad as a target for bantam. Furthermore, our computational and experimental data suggest that miRNAs have fewer targets than previously reported.
An Improved Method for Determining Proteoglycans Synthesized by Chondrocytes in Culture (1990)

An improved micro method for measuring sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAG) in chondrocyte cultures using 1,9-Dimethylmethylene Blue (DMB) has been developed. By increasing the protein concentration in the DMB assay a soluble GAG-DMB complex is prolonged. Without bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) medium, the half time for loss of absorbance was 18 min; with 1% BSA-PBS there was no loss of absorbance over this time period. The limit of detection in a 96 well microtiter plate assay was 2 micrograms/ml; for a cuvette assay it was 1 microgram/ml. Collagen, DNA and RNA did not interfere with this assay. Hyaluronate caused an increase in absorbance at 530 nm that was lost by preincubating with Streptomyces hyaluronidase. The increase in absorbance was due to a turbidity change because there was no color shift from 600 to 530 nm but rather a uniform increase in absorbance between 400 to 700 nm. To validate the assay, the S-GAG was measured in conditioned medium from primary bovine articular chondrocyte monolayer cultures. A protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, blocked proteoglycan synthesis by greater than 90%. A cytokine, Interleukin-1 alpha, caused a dose-dependent decrease in proteoglycan accumulation. Chondroitinase ABC digestion of the chondrocyte conditioned medium completely prevented reactivity with the DMB. By preincubating samples with specific enzymes, different types of S-GAG can be measured with this assay. This assay can be used to measure changes in proteoglycans synthesized by chondrocytes.
Electrical, thermal, and microstructural characteristics of Ti/Al/Ti/Au multilayer Ohmic contacts to n-type GaN (2003)

The electrical, thermal, and microstructural characteristics of Ti/Al/Ti/Au (30 nm/100 nm/30 nm/30 nm) multilayer Ohmic contacts to n-GaN (doping level 5×1017 cm−3) were studied. The lowest contact resistivity derived from the annealed contact was ρS=3.0×10−6Ω cm2. The contacts were robust and showed high-thermal stability. X-ray diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy studies were made to investigate the microstructure of the annealed contacts. The key to the success of the contact was the Ti layers placed on both sides of the Al layer. Upon annealing, there occurred both in-diffusion and out-diffusion of the Ti layer in intimate contact with the GaN film. The in-diffusion of this led to the formation of TiN, while the out-diffusion of this led to the formation of Ti–Al alloys. The second Ti layer also in-diffused and out-diffused during annealing. However, due to the presence of Au, the out-diffusion was marginalized, and the in-diffusion was higher than the out-diffusion. The in-diffusion led to the formation of Ti–Al alloys with the remaining Al content. Consequently, both the Al and the Ti (from the second Ti layer) contents were almost fully consumed, and none of them were left to appear on the contact surface to form oxides.
Mediation of Deet Repellency in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) by Species, Age, and Parity (1998)

Laboratory bioassays assessed differences in the protection time provided by the repellent deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) against 5-d-old nulliparous and 10-, 15-, and 20-d-old nulliparous and parous female Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles albimanus (Weidemann), and Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say sensu lato. Mean protection time was shortest against An. albimanus (1.6 h) and An. quadrimaculatus (1.5 h) and longest against Ae. aegypti (6.5 h), but was not significantly influenced by mosquito age or parity. Mean percentage of biting at repellent failure time was highest in An. albimanus (14.2%), followed by An. quadrimaculatus (7.0%) and Ae. aegypti (2.9%), was higher in parous females (10.8%) than in nulliparous females (5.9%), and was highest overall (35%) in 20-d-old parous An. albimanus. Interaction between mosquito species and parity and between parity and age factors, respectively, resulted from a significant decrease in percentage of biting by parous An. quadrimaculatus compared with other females, and a significant increase in biting by 20-d-old parous females compared with other females. The main finding of this study is that repellent protection time is unaffected by parity; this is important because parous mosquitoes are the primary target of personal-protection measures in disease-endemic areas. When repellent failure did occur, there was a higher risk of bite by old, parous An. albimanus than for any other species, age, or parity grouping of females.
Identification of a cytoplasmic, phorbol ester-inducible isoform of protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon. (1995)

The protein-tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTP epsilon) is a transmembranal, receptor-type protein that possesses two phosphatase catalytic domains characteristic of transmembranal phosphatases. Here we demonstrate the existence of a nontransmembranal isoform of PTP epsilon, PTP epsilon-cytoplasmic. PTP epsilon-cytoplasmic and the transmembranal isoform of PTP epsilon have separate, nonoverlapping expression patterns. Further, the data clearly indicate that control of which of the two isoforms is to be expressed is initiated at the transcriptional level, suggesting that they have distinct physiological roles. PTP epsilon-cytoplasmic mRNA is the product of a delayed early response gene in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, and its transcription is regulated through a pathway that requires protein kinase C. The human homologue of PTP epsilon-cytoplasmic has also been cloned and is strongly up-regulated in the early stages of phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Sequence analysis indicates and cellular fractionation experiments confirm that this isoform is a cytoplasmic molecule. PTP epsilon-cytoplasmic is therefore the initial example to our knowledge of a nontransmembranal protein-tyrosine phosphatase that contains two tandem of catalytic domains.
Genetic structure and regulation of HIV (1991)

One of a series of books based on conferences sponsored by the Harvard AIDS Institute. These conferences on human retroviral gene regulation bring together more than 30 specialists from the National Institutes of Health, the Salk Institute and other research centres to synthesize the results of their research and refine the model of the HIV life cycle at the molecular level. This first volume examines the control of gene expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the human T cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV -1 and 2), and related retroviruses. The book presents new research, much of it previously unpublished. A major focus of this volume is the regulation of HIV -1 replication by the HIV -1 regulatory proteins tat and rev.
The Arabidopsis LOS5/ABA3 Locus Encodes a Molybdenum Cofactor Sulfurase and Modulates Cold Stress– and Osmotic Stress–Responsive Gene Expression (2001)

To understand low temperature and osmotic stress signaling in plants, we isolated and characterized two allelic Arabidopsis mutants, los5-1 and los5-2, which are impaired in gene induction by cold and osmotic stresses. Expression of RD29A-LUC (the firefly luciferase reporter gene under the control of the stress-responsive RD29A promoter) in response to cold and salt/drought is reduced in the los5 mutants, but the response to abscisic acid (ABA) remains unaltered. RNA gel blot analysis indicates that the los5 mutation reduces the induction of several stress-responsive genes by cold and severely diminishes or even completely blocks the induction of RD29A, COR15, COR47, RD22, and P5CS by osmotic stresses. los5 mutant plants are compromised in their tolerance to freezing, salt, or drought stress. los5 plants are ABA deficient, as indicated by increased transpirational water loss and reduced accumulation of ABA under drought stress in the mutant. A comparison with another ABA-deficient mutant, aba1, reveals that the impaired low-temperature gene regulation is specific to the los5 mutation. Genetic tests suggest that los5 is allelic to aba3. Map-based cloning reveals that LOS5/ABA3 encodes a molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) sulfurase. MoCo sulfurase catalyzes the generation of the sulfurylated form of MoCo, a cofactor required by aldehyde oxidase that functions in the last step of ABA biosynthesis in plants. The LOS5/ABA3 gene is expressed ubiquitously in different plant parts, and the expression level increases in response to drought, salt, or ABA treatment. Our results show that LOS5/ABA3 is a key regulator of ABA biosynthesis, stress-responsive gene expression, and stress tolerance.
Host extensions for IP multicasting (1986)

This memo specifies the extensions required of a host implementation of the Internet Protocol (IP) to support internetwork multicasting. This specification supersedes that given in RFC-966, and constitutes a proposed
An evaluation of salt screening methodologies (2015)

The three salt formation approaches are methods that deliver crystalline salts. The choice of salt screen approach depends on the physical properties of the drug substance, development stage and objective of the screen.
Infrared spectroscopic studies on polyethylene, 4. The examination of drawn specimens of varying stress crack resistance (1976)

Abstract Infrared spectra, with both unpolarised and polarised radiation, have been obtained for a series of Phillips type high density polyethylenes of varying stress crack resistance. They were examined after cold drawing, by neck propagation, under standard conditions, and the presence of uniaxial orientation was confirmed by X‐ray pole figure measurements. Intensity measurements with unpolarised radiation on the bands at 1080, 1352, and 1894 cm −1 showed that with samples of bad stress crack resistance both the folds and the tie chains increase in concentration at the expense of the regularly folded chains in crystalline regions, whereas only the tie chains increase with samples having good stress crack resistance. Dichroic measurements on nine bands, the majority of them characteristic for methylene groups in gauche and trans conformations in amorphous regions, show that there is no marked degree of orientation of the chain folds or tie chains with samples of good stress crack resistance. However, there is significant orientation, particularly of the tie chains, for samples with poor stress crack resistance.
Analysis of creatine kinase, CK-MB, myoglobin, and troponin T time-activity curves for early assessment of coronary artery reperfusion after intravenous thrombolysis. (1993)

With regard to noninvasive prediction of coronary artery patency after thrombolytic therapy, measurement of the early initial slopes of the serum markers within only 90 minutes after the initiation of therapy is as accurate as the determination of the time to their peak concentration. Compared with the other markers examined, myoglobin appears to have advantages because of its earlier rise, yielding a better negative predictive value and a higher area under the ROC curve for determination of its early initial slopes.
Brief, high‐temperature heat denaturation (pressure cooking): A simple and effective method of antigen retrieval for routinely processed tissues (1994)

The merits of microwave-based antigen retrieval methods for diagnostic immunohistochemistry have recently been emphasized. As such technology has drawbacks for busy routine laboratories, we have investigated an alternative method of heat-mediated antigen retrieval (HMAR), using a domestic pressure cooker as a source of superheating. A simple protocol, with superheating in 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0) for 2 min, gave results comparable to those obtainable in a microwave oven. The range of antigens retrieved and the antigens for which heating was ineffective matched the published microwave experience. The advantages included the speed of treatment, the reproducibility of results with large batches of slides, the ability to use metal slide racks, and economy of time and equipment costs.