gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biocatalytic Selective Modifications of Conventional Nucleosides, Carbocyclic Nucleosides, and C-Nucleosides (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiocatalytic Selective Modifications of Conventional Nucleosides, Carbocyclic Nucleosides, and C-NucleosidesMiguel Ferrero and Vicente GotorView Author Information Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071-Oviedo, Spain Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 12, 4319–4348Publication Date (Web):November 10, 2000Publication History Received2 August 2000Published online10 November 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr000446yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr000446yresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2856Altmetric-Citations300LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydrolysis,Nucleic acids,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Arginine enhances wound healing and lymphocyte immune responses in humans. (1990)

Arginine has been shown to enhance wound healing and T-cell-mediated immune function in rodents. In this study the effect of oral arginine supplementation on human collagen synthesis and T-cell function was studied in 36 healthy, nonsmoking human volunteers. While volunteers were under local anesthesia, a 5 cm segment of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene tubing (1 mm outer diameter, 90 mu pore size) was inserted subcutaneously into the right deltoid region. The volunteers were then randomized into three groups that were given the following substances: (1) daily supplements of 30 gm arginine hydrochloride (24.8 gm free arginine); (2) 30 gm arginine aspartate (17 gm free arginine) daily; or (3) placebo. The supplements were given orally for 2 weeks; dietary intake was not controlled. Mitogenic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A were assayed at the start of study and at 1 and 2 weeks after supplementation. At 2 weeks the catheters were removed, and the amount of hydroxyproline was determined as an index of new collagen synthesis and deposition. Arginine supplementation significantly enhanced the amount of collagen deposited into a standardized wound as assessed by the amount of hydroxyproline present (10.1 +/- 2.32 nmol/cm graft in controls vs 17.57 +/- 2.16 nmol/cm in the arginine aspartate group, [p = 0.028] and vs 23.85 +/- 2.16 nmol/cm in the arginine hydrochloride group [p less than 0.001]). In parallel, arginine supplementation at both doses increased lymphocyte mitogenesis in response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. The data suggest that arginine may be of clinical benefit in improving wound healing and immune responses.
Fenamates as TRP channel blockers: mefenamic acid selectively blocks TRPM3 (2010)

This study reveals that mefenamic acid selectively inhibits TRPM3-mediated calcium entry. This selectivity was further confirmed using insulin-secreting cells. K(ATP) channel-dependent increases in cytosolic Ca(2+) and insulin secretion were not blocked by mefenamic acid, but the selective stimulation of TRPM3-dependent Ca(2+) entry and insulin secretion induced by pregnenolone sulphate were inhibited. However, the physiological regulator of TRPM3 in insulin-secreting cells remains to be elucidated, as well as the conditions under which the inhibition of TRPM3 can impair pancreatic β-cell function. Our results strongly suggest mefenamic acid is the most selective fenamate to interfere with TRPM3 function.
Polymers as bearing materials for total hip replacement: A friction and wear analysis (1969)

Abstract Certain thermoplastic polymers possess numerous desirable physical and mechanical properties important for total joint replacement. Their modulus of clasticity and density are close to the cartilage bone composite. Their elasticity would provide valuable damping for the transmission of shock forces. As a class of materials, polymers do not have the compression and tensile strength of metals, but the high strength‐to‐weight ratio of some polymers makes them especially attractive as a material for the socket half of the joint. The socket shape could be easily molded or machined and at a low cost. As a prime requisite they must have sufficient wear and creep resistance for a lifetime of cyclic loading and sliding. In addition they must be biologically tolerated, and the joint environment must not degrade or otherwise adversely affect the physical and mechanical properties of the polymer. The purpose of this paper is to present a friction and wear analysis of ten thermoplastic polymers selected because their individual physical and mechanical properties suggested good wear and creep resistance. Polyimides with and without graphite have particular potential as a bearing material. The toxicological aspects of these materials are under study and will be the subject of a subsequent report.
Impact of total cumulative glucocorticoid dose on bone mineral density in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. (2008)

The TCG is an important factor especially during puberty for a bone demineralization in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The glucocorticoid treatment should be adapted particularly at this life period and preventive measures should be discussed in order to limit this effect.
Quizartinib (AC220) is a potent second generation class III tyrosine kinase inhibitor that displays a distinct inhibition profile against mutant-FLT3, -PDGFRA and -KIT isoforms (2013)

Quizartinib is a potent second-generation class III receptor TK-inhibitor--but specific, mutation restricted spectrum of activity may require mutation screening prior to therapy.
An algorithm of high resolution and efficient multiple string hypothesization for continuous speech recognition using inter-word models (2002)

We propose a new accurate string hypothesization algorithm to find the N-best multiple string hypotheses in continuous speech recognition. The algorithm differs from the conventional N-best search algorithms in that it allows the use of the same set of long term language model scores and the detailed context-dependent subword models such as inter-word context dependent triphone models in both forward and backward search for high performance speech recognition. It is an extension of the tree-trellis N-best search algorithm[1]. The inter-word context dependency is exactly preserved in both forward partial path map preparation and the proposed backward N-best multiple string hypothesis tree search. The search efficiency is maximized by applying the same high resolution acoustic and language models in both search directions. When search heuristics are used, the proposed approach provides a more accurate string model matching than that of the conventional frame-synchronous Viterbi beam search decoder.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Narrow-Band Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Signals from Broad-Band Pulses (2002)

By tailoring the phase of a 100 femtosecond probe pulse we are able to obtain a narrow-band coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) resonant signal with a width of less than 15 cm(-1), which is an order of magnitude narrower than the CARS signal from a transform limited pulse. Thus, by measuring the spectrum of the CARS signal we are able to obtain a high-resolution energy level diagram of the probed sample in spite of the broad femtosecond pulse spectrum.
Silicon Compilation-A Hierarchical Use of PLAs (1979)

This paper proposes a way to compile a silicon layout directly from synchronous logic specification. The motivation for introducing compilation into the silicon world comes from its extreme success in the software world. As we see silicon area increasing and circuit complexity increasing, we might feel much in common with the early day programmers who faced increasing memory availability along with increasing program complexity.Software and hardware revolve around the same basic concern: The software designer lays out a one dimensional array of memory whereas the integrated circuit designer lays out a two dimensional area of silicon. In each case, various constraints must be satisfied in order to obtain a working product. In addition, both efforts involve lots of modification.
Some issues in the implementation of multimedia communication systems (2002)

Multimedia communications are presented as a major application of broadband digital networks. It is shown that building multimedia communication systems (MMCSs) requires much more than the presence of a high-bandwidth network. In order to study how broadband communication systems will deal with multimedia documents, the structure and characteristics of these documents must be first examined in detail. An overview of the different techniques used to represent multimedia information is given. The design requirements and features of MMCSs and the various issues involved in their implementation are discussed in the light of a research prototype as well as of other experiences reported in the literature. Standardization will play an important role in making MMCSs usable. Efforts in this area are discussed, as well as some other practical problems that need to be solved before multimedia communication becomes the major user of high bandwidth networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression of tissue transglutaminase in skeletal tissues correlates with events of terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. (1993)

Calcifying cartilages show a restricted expression of tissue transglutaminase. Immunostaining of newborn rat paw bones reveals expression only in the epiphyseal growth plate. Tissue transglutaminase appears first intracellularly in the proliferation/maturation zone and remains until calcification of the tissue in the lower hypertrophic zone. Externalization occurs before mineralization. Subsequently, the enzyme is present in the interterritorial matrix during provisional calcification and in the calcified cartilage cores of bone trabeculae. In trachea, mineralization occurring with maturation in the center of the cartilage is accompanied by expression of tissue transglutaminase at the border of the hydroxyapatite deposits. Transglutaminase activity also shows a restricted distribution in cartilage, similar to the one observed for tissue transglutaminase protein. Analysis of tissue homogenates showed that the enzyme is present in growth plate cartilage, but not in articular cartilage, and recognizes a limited set of substrate proteins. Osteonectin is coexpressed with tissue transglutaminase both in the growth plate and in calcifying tracheal cartilage and is a specific substrate for tissue transglutaminase in vitro. Tissue transglutaminase expression in skeletal tissues is strictly regulated, correlates with chondrocyte differentiation, precedes cartilage calcification, and could lead to cross-linking of the mineralizing matrix.
A Salmonella Locus that Controls Resistance to Microbicidal Proteins from Phagocytic Cells (1989)

Facultative intracellular pathogens pose an important health problem because they circumvent a primary defense mechanism of the host: killing and degradation by professional phagocytic cells. A gene of the intracellular pathogen Salmonella typhimurium that is required for virulence and intracellular survival was identified and shown to have a role in resistance to defensins and possibly to other microbicidal mechanisms of the phagocyte. This gene may prove to be a regulatory element in the expression of virulence functions.
Immunogenicity of Renal Microvascular Endothelial Cells From Genetically Modified Pigs (2016)

Silencing the porcine GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2 genes is an effective strategy to reduce human preformed antibody binding to RMEC. Porcine RMEC will be a useful reagent for the further study of xenoimmunology.
An Extravascular Component of Contrast Enhancement in Cranial Computed Tomography (1975)

One can calculate the tissue-blood ratio of enhancement by analyzing the quantitative aspects of the CT scans of the cranium and blood samples both before and after the injection of contrast medium. This ratio is equivalent to that between the iodine content of a given volume of tissue and an equal volume of blood. Analysis of 47 normal patients, including 27 with pathological brain lesions, indicated that there is significant extravasation of contrast medium in patients with such lesions.
Interleukin-10 Stimulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and p70 S6 Kinase Is Required for the Proliferative but Not the Antiinflammatory Effects of the Cytokine (1996)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a powerful suppressor of the proinflammatory monokine production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes as well as a T- and B-cell growth cofactor. The signal transduction cascades initiated by IL-10 ligation to its cognate receptor remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that in both primary monocytes and the D36 cell line, IL-10 rapidly and transiently stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity associated with the p85 subunit of the enzyme. IL-10 also activated p70 S6 kinase in both cell types. The activation of both of these kinases was sensitive to wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The activation of p70 S6 kinase was also inhibited by the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin. Both rapamycin and wortmannin inhibited the IL-10-induced proliferation of D36 cells but in contrast had no effect on the antiinflammatory effects of the cytokine on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes. Similar results on D36 proliferation and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocyte inhibition by IL-10 were obtained with another phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002. This suggests that the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and p70 S6 kinase is involved in the proliferative functions of IL-10 and that other as yet uncharacterized pathways affect the suppressive effects on monocytes, indicating that multiple and distinct signaling pathways mediate the various pleiotropic activities of IL-10. Furthermore, these findings suggest that it may be possible in the future to modulate the antiinflammatory effects of IL-10 for therapeutic benefit without disrupting other functions of the cytokine.
Nanocapsule-delivered Sleeping Beauty mediates therapeutic Factor VIII expression in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells of hemophilia A mice (2009)

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells are a major endogenous source of Factor VIII (FVIII), lack of which causes the human congenital bleeding disorder hemophilia A. Despite extensive efforts, gene therapy using viral vectors has shown little success in clinical hemophilia trials. Here we achieved cell type-specific gene targeting using hyaluronan- and asialoorosomucoid-coated nanocapsules, generated using dispersion atomization, to direct genes to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes, respectively. To highlight the therapeutic potential of this approach, we encapsulated Sleeping Beauty transposon expressing the B domain-deleted canine FVIII in cis with Sleeping Beauty transposase in hyaluronan nanocapsules and injected them intravenously into hemophilia A mice. The treated mice exhibited activated partial thromboplastin times that were comparable to those of wild-type mice at 5 and 50 weeks and substantially shorter than those of untreated controls at the same time points. Further, plasma FVIII activity in the treated hemophilia A mice was nearly identical to that in wild-type mice through 50 weeks, while untreated hemophilia A mice exhibited no detectable FVIII activity. Thus, Sleeping Beauty transposon targeted to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells provided long-term expression of FVIII, without apparent antibody formation, and improved the phenotype of hemophilia A mice.
Engineering a Monomeric Miniature Protein (2007)

The stability, size, and structure of the avian pancreatic polypeptide (aPP) has made it an ideal starting point for the design of miniature proteins capable of binding DNA and protein surfaces with exceptionally high affinity and specificity, both in vitro and in mammalian cells and extracts. Despite these attributes, some miniature proteins based on the aPP self-associate at micromolar concentrations into dimers or higher order aggregates. Here we systematically isolate, quantify, and remove the two structural elements responsible for aPP dimerization and then install a new structural elementa “proline switch”that single-handedly repacks aPP's signature fold. The result is a monomeric and well-folded miniature protein that should accelerate the in vitro and in vivo application of these molecules.
Latent heat storage above 120°C for applications in the industrial process heat sector and solar power generation (2007)

This paper is focussed on thermal storage technologies using phase change materials (PCMs) in the temperature range of 120–300°C for solar thermal power generation and high temperature process heat. As the state-of-the-art reference system a steam accumulator is described, which typically has a volume-specific thermal energy density of 20–30 kWh m−3. Regarding efficiency, a fundamental demand on thermal storage is the minimization of temperature differences between working fluid and storage medium. This requires isothermal storage systems for processes using water/steam. An obvious solution is, therefore, the application of PCMs. The selection of the PCMs depends strongly on the operation conditions of the respective application. At present, the main emphasis is directed to alkali metal nitrates and nitrites and their mixtures. For example, the eutectic mixture of the binary system KNO3–NaNO3 has been identified as an excellent system to be used for processes using saturated steam at around 25 bar. At around 5 bar the ternary system KNO3–NaNO2–NaNO3, commonly used as heat transfer fluid, can also be used as a PCM. To overcome the low thermal conductivity of the salt systems, approaches of increased surfaces area and increased thermal conductivity using expanded graphite (EG) have been investigated. Using EG/PCM composites, the effective thermal conductivity can be increased from below 0.5 to 3–20 W (mK)−1. Three design concepts have been developed. In the macro-encapsulated design, the PCM is enclosed in metal tubes, giving a short distance for heat transfer and increasing the heat transfer area. In the second design, the heat exchanger tubes are embedded in EG/PCM-composite storage material. The third design option uses graphite foils arranged perpendicularly onto the heat exchanger tubes and a suitable salt system filled in between. The upgrade of existing steam accumulators using these PCM concepts is also proposed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entre microfones e bastidores: Estado Novo, radiodifusão e intervenção cultural em Sergipe (2008)

Resumo: O artigo analisa a programação da Rádio Difusora Aperipê de Sergipe, PRJ-6, criada durante o Estado Novo. A partir dessa análise, são identificadas algumas estratégias utilizadas pelos gestores da Aperipê para dotá-la de programas e artistas que se valiam de diferentes táticas para atrair o ouvinte. Palavras-chave: Estado Novo. Rádio. Sergipe. Abstract: This article analizes the content of the radio programs produced during the Estado Novo by Radio Difusora Aperipê de Sergipe (PRJ-6). From this, some strategies used for their managers are identified for to fill it with programs and artists. The text still analyzes different tactics to attract the listener of the first radio in Sergipe. Keywords: Estado Novo. Radio. Sergipe.
Spatially Controlled Delivery of Neurotrophic Factors in Silk Fibroin–Based Nerve Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Repair (2011)

Restoration with sufficient functional recovery after long-gap peripheral nerve damage remains a clinical challenge. Silk has shown clinical promise for numerous tissue engineering applications due to its biocompatibility, impressive mechanical properties, and Food and Drug Administration approval. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of silk fibroin--based nerve guides containing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in a long-gap sized (15 mm) rat sciatic nerve defect model. Four groups of nerve conduits were prepared: (1) silk conduits with empty silk microspheres, (2) silk conduits with GDNF-loaded silk microspheres uniformly distributed in the conduit wall, (3) silk conduits with GDNF-loaded silk microspheres in a controlled manner with the highest GDNF concentration at the distal end, and (4) isograft. After 6 weeks, the nerve grafts were explanted, harvested, and fixed for histologic analysis. Nerve tissue stained with the S-100, and neuroendocrine marker PGP 9.5 antibodies demonstrated a significantly increased density of nerve tissue in the GDNF-treated groups compared with the empty microsphere (control) group (P < 0.05). GDNF-treated animals with a higher concentration of GDNF in the distal portion possessed a significantly higher density of PGP 9.5 protein middle conduit part than comparison to GDNF uniform-treated animals (P < 0.05). Silk-based nerve conduits possess optimal mechanical and degradative properties, rendering them potentially useful in peripheral nerve repair. This study demonstrates that novel, porous silk fibroin--based nerve conduits, infused with GDNF in a controlled manner, represent a potentially viable conduit for Schwann cell migration and proliferation in the regeneration of peripheral nerves.
Understanding the role of base quenchers in photoresists (2004)

As critical dimensions in microlithography become ever smaller and the importance of line edge roughness becomes more pronounced, it is becoming increasingly important to gain a fundamental understanding of how the chemical composition of modern photoresists influences resist performance. Modern resists contain four basic components: polymer, photoacid generator, dissolution inhibitor, and base quencher. Of these four components, the one that is least understood is the base quencher. This paper examines the influence of base additives on line edge roughness, contrast, photospeed, and isofocal critical dimension (CD). A mathematical model describing the tradeoff between contrast and photospeed is developed, line edge roughness values for different base types and loadings are reported, and isofocal CD is shown for various photoacid types as well as for different base types and loadings.