gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible Oligonucleosome Self-Association:  Dependence on Divalent Cations and Core Histone Tail Domains (1996)

Regularly spaced nucleosomal arrays equilibrate between unfolded and highly folded conformations in <2 mM MgCl2, and self-associate above 2 mM MgCl2 [Schwarz, P. M., & Hansen, J. C. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 16284-16289]. Here we use analytical and differential sedimentation techniques to characterize the molecular mechanism and determinants of oligonucleosome self-association. Divalent cations induce self-association of intact nucleosomal arrays by binding to oligonucleosomal DNA and neutralizing its negative charge. Neither linker histones nor H2A/H2B dimers are required for Mg2+ - dependent self-association. However, divalent cations are unable to induce self-association of trypsinized nucleosomal arrays lacking their N- and C-terminal core histone tail domains. This suggests that the H3/H4 tail domains directly mediate oligonucleosome self-association through a non-Coulombic-based mechanism. Self-association occurs independently of whether the oligonucleosome monomers are folded or unfolded. The first step in the self-association pathway is strongly cooperative and produces a soluble association intermediate that sediments approximately 10 times faster than the oligonucleosome monomers. The size of the oligonucleosome polymers increases rapidly as a consequence of small increases in the divalent cation concentration, eventually producing polymeric species that sediment at >> 10 000 S. Importantly, all steps in the self-association pathway are freely reversible upon removal of the divalent cations. Taken together, these data indicate that short oligonucleosome fragments composed of only core histone octamers and DNA possess all of the structural features required to achieve chromosome-level DNA compaction. These findings provide a molecular basis for explaining many of the recently uncovered structural features of interphase and metaphase chromosomal fibers.
Genetic Characterization of the Major Lactococcal Aromatic Aminotransferase and Its Involvement in Conversion of Amino Acids to Aroma Compounds (1999)

In lactococci, transamination is the first step of the enzymatic conversion of aromatic and branched-chain amino acids to aroma compounds. In previous work we purified and biochemically characterized the major aromatic aminotransferase (AraT) of a Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strain. Here we characterized the corresponding gene and evaluated the role of AraT in the biosynthesis of amino acids and in the conversion of amino acids to aroma compounds. Amino acid sequence homologies with other aminotransferases showed that the enzyme belongs to a new subclass of the aminotransferase I subfamily gamma; AraT is the best-characterized representative of this new aromatic-amino-acid-specific subclass. We demonstrated that AraT plays a major role in the conversion of aromatic amino acids to aroma compounds, since gene inactivation almost completely prevented the degradation of these amino acids. It is also highly involved in methionine and leucine conversion. AraT also has a major physiological role in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine and tyrosine, since gene inactivation weakly slowed down growth on medium without phenylalanine and highly affected growth on every medium without tyrosine. However, another biosynthesis aromatic aminotransferase is induced in the absence of phenylalanine in the culture medium.
Adverse reactions associated with acetylcysteine (2009)

This review discusses the incidence, clinical features, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment of adverse reactions to acetylcysteine and identifies particular "at-risk" patient groups. Given the commonality of adverse reactions associated with acetylcysteine, it is important to ensure that any adverse event does not preclude patients from receiving maximal hepatic protection, particularly in the context of significant paracetamol ingestion. Further work on mechanisms should allow specific therapies to be developed.
Danazol for systemic lupus erythematosus with refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia or Evans' syndrome. (1995)

Danazol is effective for the treatment of autoimmune thrombocytopenia or Evans' syndrome complicating SLE irrespective of splenectomy status. Longer followup will be needed to determine whether the remission persists after withdrawal of danazol.
Directed Nanoparticle Binding onto Microphase-Separated Block Copolymer Thin Films (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTDirected Nanoparticle Binding onto Microphase-Separated Block Copolymer Thin FilmsWolfgang H. Binder, Christian Kluger, Christoph J. Straif, and Gernot FriedbacherView Author Information Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry/Division Macromolecular Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163/MC, A-1060 Wien, Austria, and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 IAC, A-1060 Wien, Austria Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 23, 9405–9410Publication Date (Web):October 20, 2005Publication History Received18 August 2005Revised4 October 2005Published online20 October 2005Published inissue 1 November 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0518252https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0518252rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views936Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Metal nanoparticles,Nanoparticles,Polymer films,Receptors,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Uveitis: A Potentially Blinding Disease (2004)

Uveitis (intraocular inflammation) is a potentially blinding group of, probably autoimmune, conditions predominantly occurring in the working age group. Although the aetiology is unknown in most cases, many patients have an associated underlying systemic disease. Central vision loss, in the form of cystoid macular oedema, is the commonest type of visual impairment. Although historical incidence and prevalence data exists, little is known about the degree of vision loss experienced, and the social and financial consequences of having temporary or permanent visual impairment in this age group. The literature is also full of uncontrolled studies and case reports of different modalities of drug therapy for uveitis. This article attempts to raise the awareness of uveitis as an important sight-threatening group of conditions by highlighting the paucity of evidence-based data on epidemiological, quality of life, socioeconomic, and therapeutic aspects.
Akt is frequently activated in HER2/neu-positive breast cancers and associated with poor prognosis among hormone-treated patients (2005)

Akt/PKB is a serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in survival when cells are exposed to different apoptotic stimuli. Aberrant activation of Akt/PKB in breast carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. The Akt signaling pathway currently attracts considerable attention as a new target for effective therapeutic strategies. We therefore investigated the relationship between activation of Akt and clinicopathologic variables including hormone receptor and HER2/neu status. Breast cancer tissues obtained from 252 patients were utilized for this study. We evaluated Akt activation by immunohistochemical assessment of the expression of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) at Ser-473. Eighty-four cases (33.3%) were diagnosed as positive for pAkt expression. pAkt was significantly associated with HER2/neu overexpression (p < 0.0001). There was an inverse correlation between pAkt and PR expression (p = 0.0321); however, there was no association between pAkt and ER expression. Survival analysis showed that pAkt positivity was associated with poor disease-free survival in cases with postoperative hormone therapy; however, there was no association in cases without hormone therapy. Our results indicate that Akt activation induced poor prognosis in patients who received adjuvant hormone therapy. This finding suggests that inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway may increase the efficacy of hormone therapy and improve the prognosis of patients who receive adjuvant hormone therapy.
Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) (1996)

A conjugate of the bacterial enzyme carboxypeptidase G2 and the F(ab)(2) fragment of the anti-CEA monoclonal antibody A5B7 was directed in vitro at the human colon tumour cell line LS174T and the human non-small cell lung line COR-L23. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy was used to show that the conjugate bound to LS174T cells but not to COR-L23. The cytotoxicity generated by addition of a phenol mustard prodrug to each cell line after pre-incubation with conjugate was found to be significantly greater for LS174T cells (IC50=0.24 mu M) than COR-L23 cells (IC50=108 mu M). However, for a 1:1 mixture of these cells an IC50, of 3.4 mu M was obtained. These data show that phenol mustard released by a localised conjugate can exert a bystander effect on neighbouring cells to which the conjugate does not bind.
[Percutaneous closure of a paravalvular mitral regurgitation with Amplatzer and coil prostheses]. (2002)

The authors report a case of percutaneous closure of paravalvular mitral regurgitation in a 9 year old child. This patient had complete atrioventricular canal with levo-isomerism completely repaired with replacement of the left atrioventricular valve by a mechanical prosthesis. One year after an episode of infectious endocarditis, the patient was readmitted because of jaundice due to haemolysis attributed to paravalvular mitral regurgitation. Transoesophageal echocardiography demonstrated a crescent-shaped dehiscence of the prosthesis opposite the left atrial appendage associated with a small paraseptal regurgitation. First of all, a 6 mm Amplatzer Septal Occluder and a 5 x 5 coil were introduced by retrograde catheterisation to treat the regurgitation due to the valve dehiscence. This procedure was completed 3 months later by the implantation of a second 8 mm Amplatzer prosthesis for persistent haemolysis. Closure of the paraseptal regurgitation resulted in a reduction of the patient's transfusional requirements.
Location-independent naming for virtual distributed software repositories (1995)

A location-independent naming system for network resources has been designed to facilitate organization and description of software components accessible through a virtual distributed repository. This naming system enables easy and efficient searching and retrieval, and it addresses many of the consistency, authenticity, and integrity issues involved with distributed software repositories by providing mechanisms for grouping resources and for authenticity and integrity checking. This paper details the design of the naming system, describes how the system fits into the development of the National HPCC Software Exchange, an virtual software repository that has the goal of providing access to reusable software components for high-performance computing.
Binding of human papillomavirus 16 E6 to p53 and E6AP is impaired by monoclonal antibodies directed against the second zinc-binding domain of E6 (2005)

The E6 protein of cancer-associated human papillomavirus type 16 (16E6) binds to p53 and, in association with E6AP, promotes its degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The aim of this work was to develop monoclonal antibodies against 16E6 and to test their effect on the binding of 16E6 to p53 and E6AP, and on the degradation of p53. It was shown that an antibody directed against the N terminus of 16E6 inhibited E6AP-dependent binding to p53 and degradation of p53, whereas two different antibodies directed to the second zinc-binding domain of 16E6 reduced 16E6 E6AP-independent binding to p53 and binding to E6AP but not degradation of p53.
Effect of Recall Rate on Earlier Screen Detection of Breast Cancers Based on the Dutch Performance Indicators (2005)

Breast cancer can be detected earlier by lowering the threshold for recall, especially for recall rates of 1%-4%. With further recall rate increases, cancer detection levels off with a disproportionate increase of false-positive rates.
α2β1 integrin‐specific collagen‐mimetic surfaces supporting osteoblastic differentiation (2004)

The interactions of osteoblasts with their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) are essential for skeletal development, homeostasis, and maintenance of the mature osteoblastic phenotype. Integrins are the principal transducers of ECM signals that regulate this process of osteoblast commitment and differentiation. Several studies indicate that the alpha(2)beta(1) integrin interaction with type I collagen is a crucial signal for the induction of osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization. Integrin alpha(2)beta(1) recognizes the Gly-Phe-Hyp-Gly-Glu-Arg (GFOGER) motif in residues 502-507 of the alpha(1)[I] chain of type I collagen. This study demonstrates that an alpha(2)beta(1) integrin-specific GFOGER peptide triggers the activation of focal adhesion kinase and alkaline phosphatase in MC3T3-E1 murine immature osteoblast-like cells, two events that have been implicated in the osteoblastic differentiation pathway. These GFOGER-peptide surfaces also support the expression of multiple osteoblast-specific genes, including osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein, and induce matrix mineralization in a manner similar to type I collagen. This triple-helical peptide represents a promising surface modification strategy for the design of collagen-mimetic bioadhesive surfaces that support osteoblastic differentiation.
Enhancement in Thermoelectric Figure‐Of‐Merit of an N‐Type Half‐Heusler Compound by the Nanocomposite Approach (2011)

Abstract An enhancement in the dimensionless thermoelectric figure‐of‐merit ( ZT ) of an n‐type half‐Heusler material is reported using a nanocomposite approach. A peak ZT value of 1.0 was achieved at 600 °C–700 °C, which is about 25% higher than the previously reported highest value. The samples were made by ball‐milling ingots of composition Hf 0.75 Zr 0.25 NiSn 0.99 Sb 0.01 into nanopowders and hot‐pressing the powders into dense bulk samples. The ingots were formed by arc‐melting the elements. The ZT enhancement mainly comes from reduction of thermal conductivity due to increased phonon scattering at grain boundaries and crystal defects, and optimization of antimony doping.
Pharmacological inhibition of PAR2 with the pepducin P2pal-18S protects mice against acute experimental biliary pancreatitis (2012)

Pancreatic acinar cells express proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) that is activated by trypsin-like serine proteases and has been shown to exert model-specific effects on the severity of experimental pancreatitis, i.e., PAR2(-/-) mice are protected from experimental acute biliary pancreatitis but develop more severe secretagogue-induced pancreatitis. P2pal-18S is a novel pepducin lipopeptide that targets and inhibits PAR2. In studies monitoring PAR2-stimulated intracellular Ca(2+) concentration changes, we show that P2pal-18S is a full PAR2 inhibitor in acinar cells. Our in vivo studies show that P2pal-18S significantly reduces the severity of experimental biliary pancreatitis induced by retrograde intraductal bile acid infusion, which mimics injury induced by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This reduction in pancreatitis severity is observed when the pepducin is given before or 2 h after bile acid infusion but not when it is given 5 h after bile acid infusion. Conversely, P2pal-18S increases the severity of secretagogue-induced pancreatitis. In vitro studies indicate that P2pal-18S protects acinar cells against bile acid-induced injury/death, but it does not alter bile acid-induced intracellular zymogen activation. These studies are the first to report the effects of an effective PAR2 pharmacological inhibitor on pancreatic acinar cells and on the severity of experimental pancreatitis. They raise the possibility that a pepducin such as P2pal-18S might prove useful in the clinical management of patients at risk for developing severe biliary pancreatitis such as occurs following ERCP.
A New Temporary Chemical Packer Enables Efficient Stimulation of a Lower Zone in a HPHT Gas Well (2012)

Abstract As the oilfield industry requires new techniques to generate diversion over large pay zones and easier methods to perform workover operations and perform interventions through Coiled Tubing, research is focused to provide the industry with new technologies that support the growing demand for oil and gas in the world. Fluid systems that are used to divert acid over large zones and generate non-mechanical isolation on a wellbore have traditionally been viscosified fluids and solid particulates. These substances create (in most cases) a drastic permeability reduction in the near wellbore area of producing zones that are meant to be protected. In operations that require divertion or the generation of a temporary plug, researchers have found that polymer based fluids are best suited, since they create less damage on the formation, and in the case of temporary plugs they can withstand higher differential pressures. The use of such fluids has reduced considerably the need for more complicated deployed techniques, such as mechanical packers, bridge plugs and mechanical diversion techniques. This paper describes the first application of a polymer gel system in Saudi Arabian gas fields to isolate a section of a payzone on a vertical well, the system's design and operational challenges, and finally, its successful outcome and results. The objective of this application was to place a temporary plug between two producing zones to be able to selectively stimulate the lower zone.
N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraoctyl Diglycolamide (TODGA): A Promising Extractant for Actinide‐Partitioning from High‐Level Waste (HLW) (2005)

Abstract N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA) has been evaluated as an extractant for the partitioning of minor actinides from simulated high level nuclear waste solutions. Acid uptake studies suggested that TODGA is more basic (KH: 4.1) as compared to TRUEX and DIAMEX solvents viz. CMPO (KH: 2.0) and DMDBTDMA (KH: 0.32), respectively. TODGA molecules display a tendency toward aggregation in n‐dodecane at lower acidities. Effect of diluent on the distribution behavior of Am(III) was studied employing diluents of different dielectric constants. N,N‐dialkyl amides with different alkyl groups viz. dibutyl decanamide (DBDA), di(2‐ethylhexyl) acetamide (D2EHAA), di(2‐ethylhexyl) propionamide (D2EHPRA), di(2‐ethylhexyl) isobutyramide (D2EHIBA), dihexyl octanamide (DHOA) and dihexyl decanamide (DHDA) were evaluated as phase modifiers. Distribution behavior of various metal ions viz. Am(III), Pu(IV), U(VI), Eu(III), Fe(III), Sr(II) and Cs(I) was studied from pure nitric acid solution as well as from simulated high level waste solution.
Identification of Three Novel Unique Proteins in Seed Oil Bodies of Sesame (1998)

Plant seeds store triacylglycerols in discrete organelles called oil bodies. An oil body preserves a matrix of triacylglycerols surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids embedded with abundant structural proteins termed oleosins and probably some uninvestigated minor proteins of higher molecular mass. Three polypeptides of 27, 37, and 39 kDa (temporarily denominated as Sop1, Sop2, and Sop3) were regularly co-purified with seed oil bodies of sesame. Comparison of amino acid composition indicated that they were substantially less hydrophobic than the known oleosins, and thus should not be aggregated multimers of oleosins. The results of immuno-recognition to sesame proteins extracted from subcellular fractions of mature seeds, various tissues, and oil bodies purified from different stages of seed formation revealed that these three polypeptides were unique proteins gathered in oil bodies, accompanying oleosins and triacylglycerols, during the active assembly of the organelles in maturing seeds. Both in vivo and in intro, immunofluorescence labeling using secondary antibodies conjugated with FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) confirmed the localization of these three polypeptides in oil bodies.
A light-weight HEVC encoder for image coding (2013)

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), not only provides a much better coding efficiency than previous video coding standards, but also shows significantly superior performance than other image coding schemes when applied to image coding. However, the improvement is at the cost of significant increase of encoding complexity. In this paper, we focus on retaining the high coding efficiency provided by HEVC while largely reducing its encoding complexity for image coding. By applying various techniques including optimized coding structure parameters, coding unit early termination, fast intra prediction and transform skip mode decision, we significantly reduce the complexity of HEVC intra coding while keeping most of its coding efficiency. Experimental results show that our light-weight HEVC encoder can save about 82% coding time compared with original HEVC encoder. With a slight loss to the HEVC reference software, the proposed scheme still gains about 19% in BD-BR compared with H.264/AVC.
Biochemical studies on ricin. XVIII. Isolation and characterization of ricin E from castor beans. (1977)

A toxic protein, distinct from ricin D, was isolated from castor beans produced in Japan and referred to as ricin E. Ricin E was extracted from defatted meal of castor beans and purified by gel filtration through Sephadex G-75 column followed by DEAE- and CM-cellulose column chromatographies. Ricin E was found to be a glycoprotein and had two N-terminal amino acids, Ile and Ala, which were identical to those of ricin D. The molecular weight of ricin E was 64, 000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its sedimentation coefficient was 4.45 S. The isoelectric point of ricin E, estimated to be 8.8 by ampholine electrophoresis, was higher than that of ricin D. Ricin E had equal toxicity for mice and equal cytoagglutinating activity for Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells to those of ricin D, and this cytoagglutination was inhibited by galactose.