gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon monoxide protection against endotoxic shock involves reciprocal effects on iNOS in the lung and liver (2004)

Carbon monoxide (CO) has recently emerged as having potent cytoprotective properties; the mechanisms underlying these effects, however, are just beginning to be elucidated. In a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced multiorgan failure, we demonstrate that exposure to a low concentration of CO for only 1 h imparts a potent defense against lethal endotoxemia and effectively abrogates the inflammatory response. Exposure to CO leads to long-term survival of >80% of animals vs. 20% in controls. In the lung, CO suppressed LPS-induced lung alveolitis and associated edema formation, while in the liver, it reduced expression of serum alanine aminotransferase, a marker of liver injury. This protection appears to be based in part on different mechanisms in the lung and liver in that CO had reciprocal effects on LPS-induced expression of iNOS and NO production, important mediators in the response to LPS. CO prevented the up-regulation of iNOS and NO in the lung while augmenting expression of iNOS and NO in the liver. Studies of primary lung macrophages and hepatocytes in vitro revealed a similar effect; CO inhibited LPS-induced cytokine production in lung macrophages while reducing LPS-induced iNOS expression and nitrite accumulation and protected hepatocytes from apoptosis while augmenting iNOS expression. Although it is unclear to which extent these changes in iNOS contribute to the cytoprotection conferred by CO, it is fascinating that in each organ CO influences iNOS in a manner known to be protective in that organ: NO is therapeutic in the liver while it is damaging in the lung.
Molecular Basis for Angiotensin II-Induced Increase of Chloride/Bicarbonate Exchange in the Myocardium (2001)

Plasma membrane anion exchangers (AEs) regulate myocardial intracellular pH (pH(i)) by Na(+)-independent Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange. Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates protein kinase C (PKC) and increases anion exchange activity in the myocardium. Elevated anion exchange activity has been proposed to contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Our Northern blots showed that adult rat heart expresses AE1, AE2, AE3fl, and AE3c. Activity of each AE isoform was individually measured by following changes of pH(i), associated with bicarbonate transport, in transfected HEK293 cells. Exposure to the PKC activator, PMA (150 nmol/L), increased the transport activity of only the AE3fl isoform by 50+/-11% (P<0.05, n=6), consistent with the increase observed in intact myocardium. Cotransfection of HEK293 cells with AE3fl and AT1(a)-Ang II receptors conferred sensitivity of anion transport to Ang II (500 nmol/L), increasing the transport activity by 39+/-3% (P<0.05, n=4). PKC inhibition by chelerythrine (10 micromol/L) blocked the PMA effect. To identify the PKC-responsive site, 7 consensus PKC phosphorylation sites of AE3fl were individually mutated to alanine. Mutation of serine 67 of AE3 prevented the PMA-induced increase of anion transport activity. Inhibition of MEK1/2 by PD98059 (50 micromol/L) did not affect the response of AE3fl to Ang II, indicating that PKC directly phosphorylates AE3fl. We conclude that following Ang II stimulation of cells, PKCepsilon phosphorylates serine 67 of the AE3 cytoplasmic domain, inducing the Ang II-induced increase in anion transport observed in the hypertrophic myocardium.
Partial monosomy 7q34-qter and 21pter-q22.13 due to cryptic unbalanced translocation t(7;21) but not monosomy of the whole chromosome 21: a case report plus review of the literature (2008)

Abstract Background Autosomal monosomies in human are generally suggested to be incompatible with life; however, there is quite a number of cytogenetic reports describing full monosomy of one chromosome 21 in live born children. Here, we report a cytogenetically similar case associated with congenital malformation including mental retardation, motor development delay, craniofacial dysmorphism and skeletal abnormalities. Results Initially, a full monosomy of chromosome 21 was suspected as only 45 chromosomes were present. However, molecular cytogenetics revealed a de novo unbalanced translocation with a der(7)t(7;21). It turned out that the translocated part of chromosome 21 produced GTG-banding patterns similar to original ones of chromosome 7. The final karyotype was described as 45,XX,der(7)t(7;21)(q34;q22.13),-21. As a meta analysis revealed that clusters of the olfactory receptor gene family (ORF) are located in these breakpoint regions, an involvement of OFR in the rearrangement formation is discussed here. Conclusion The described clinical phenotype is comparable to previously described cases with ring chromosome 21, and a number of cases with del(7)(q34). Thus, at least a certain percentage, if not all full monosomy of chromosome 21 in live-borns are cases of unbalanced translocations involving chromosome 21.
A Novel Class Of Lambertian Reflectance Materials For Remote Sensing Application (1989)

A class of highly lambertian, environmentally stable reflectance materials varying in reflectance from 2% to 99% have been produced. These materials offer advantages of hydrophobicity, chemical inertness, spectral flatness, and ease of maintenance over materials currently in use.
Exogenous Expression of β-Catenin Regulates Contact Inhibition, Anchorage-Independent Growth, Anoikis, and Radiation-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest (1999)

beta-Catenin is an important regulator of cell-cell adhesion and embryonic development that associates with and regulates the function of the LEF/TCF family of transcription factors. Mutations of beta-catenin and the tumor suppressor gene, adenomatous polyposis coli, occur in human cancers, but it is not known if, and by what mechanism, increased beta-catenin causes cellular transformation. This study demonstrates that modest overexpression of beta-catenin in a normal epithelial cell results in cellular transformation. These cells form colonies in soft agar, survive in suspension, and continue to proliferate at high cell density and following gamma-irradiation. Endogenous cytoplasmic beta-catenin levels and signaling activity were also found to oscillate during the cell cycle. Taken together, these data demonstrate that beta-catenin functions as an oncogene by promoting the G(1) to S phase transition and protecting cells from suspension-induced apoptosis (anoikis).
The MyoD family of transcription factors and skeletal myogenesis (1995)

Gene targeting has allowed the dissection of complex biological processes at the genetic level. Our understanding of the nuances of skeletal muscle development has been greatly increased by the analysis of mice carrying targeted null mutations in the Myf-5, MyoD and myogenin genes, encoding members of the myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) family. These experiments have elucidated the hierarchical relationships existing between the MRFs, and established that functional redundancy is a feature of the MRF regulatory network. Either MyoD or Myf-5 is sufficient for the formation or survival of skeletal myoblasts. Myogenin acts later in development and plays an essential in vivo role in the terminal differentiation of myotubes.
Synthesis of 3-Methoxyellipticine and Ellipticine by Friedel-Crafts Reaction of Indole-2,3-dicarboxylic Anhydride and Selective Demethylation (2005)

Reaction of 1-benzylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride with 2,4,6trimethoxypyridine in the presence of a Lewis acid gave 1-benzyl-3-(2,4,6trimethoxynicotinoyl)indole-2-carboxylic acid as the sole product in high yield, which could be changed to 1-benzyl-3-(2,4,6-trimethoxynicotinoyl)indole.1-Benzyl-3-(2,4,6-trimethoxynicotinoyl)indole was converted to 3-methoxyellipticine and ellipticine by selective demethylation and triflation of the methoxy group.Antitumor pyridocarbazole alkaloid ellipticine, isolated from the leaves of Ochrasia elliptica 1 and many of its derivatives showed potent antitumor activities. 2,3A large number of useful syntheses of ellipticine have been developed. 4We also have shown a new synthetic method of ellipticine by using a reaction of indole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride with (3-bromo-4-pyridyl)triisopoxytitanium 5 or 4-lithio-3-bromo-pyridine, 6 but in this reaction a severe dry condition was required.Recently, we reported a novel synthesis of 3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)indoles by a reaction of 1-benzylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (1) with anisoles in the presence of a Lewis acid 7 and its application to the synthesis of olivacine.
Pour développer le contrôle qualité: prendre de nouvelles initiatives (2000)

This work developed an electrochemical reduction system which can effectively scrub NO× from flue gas by using aqueous solution of Fe(II)(EDTA) (ethylenediaminetetraacetate) as absorbent and electrolyte. This new system features (a) complete decomposition of NOX to harmless N2; and (b) fast regeneration of Fe(II)(EDTA) through electrochemical reaction. The Fe(II)(EDTA) solution was recycled and reused continuously during entire process, and no harmful waste was generated. The reaction mechanism was thoroughly investigated by using voltammetric, chromatographic and spectroscopic approaches. The operating conditions of the system were optimized based on NOX removal efficiency. Approximately 98% NO removal was obtained at the optimal condition. The interference of SO2 in flue gas and the system operating stability was also evaluated.
Optimizing DC Vaccination by Combination With Oncolytic Adenovirus Coexpressing IL-12 and GM-CSF (2011)

Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. However, clinical trials have indicated that immunosuppressive microenvironments induced by tumors profoundly suppress antitumor immunity and inhibit vaccine efficacy, resulting in insufficient reduction of tumor burdens. To overcome these obstacles and enhance the efficiency of DC vaccination, we generated interleukin (IL)-12- and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-coexpressing oncolytic adenovirus (Ad-ΔB7/IL12/GMCSF) as suitable therapeutic adjuvant to eliminate immune suppression and promote DC function. By treating tumors with Ad-ΔB7/IL12/GMCSF prior to DC vaccination, DCs elicited greater antitumor effects than in response to either treatment alone. DC migration to draining lymph nodes (DLNs) dramatically increased in mice treated with the combination therapy. This result was associated with upregulation of CC-chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21(+)) lymphatics in tumors treated with Ad-ΔB7/IL12/GMCSF. Moreover, the proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was decreased in mice treated with the combination therapy. Furthermore, combination therapy using immature DCs also showed effective antitumor effects when combined with Ad-ΔB7/IL12/GMCSF. The combination therapy had a remarkable therapeutic efficacy on large tumors. Taken together, oncolytic adenovirus coexpressing IL-12 and GM-CSF in combination with DC vaccination has synergistic antitumor effects and can act as a potent adjuvant for promoting and optimizing DC vaccination.
The electrical characterisation of semiconductors (1978)

An important aspect of the large expansion in the development and production of solid-state devices has been the demand for more sophisticated techniques for determining the electrical properties of semiconductors, especially silicon and the III-V compounds. A very wide range of measurement techniques now exists and it is the purpose of this article to review those techniques which are in widespread use or which show promise for future application, and at a time for continuing innovation in this area, to indicate present trends and material problems which may arise in the near future.
Sepsis syndrome. (2000)

A clinical syndrome including fever, leukocytosis, elevated cardiac output, and reduced systemic vascular resistance has been associated with severe infection (i.e., sepsis). However, during the last 15 years, many patients have demonstrated all of the findings that have traditionally been associated with "sepsis" but have not had demonstrated sources of infection. This led to the term "sepsis syndrome" to refer to that population of patients who appeared to have a physiologic and metabolic response associated with, but who did not have, severe infection. More commonly called the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), the sepsis syndrome is now associated with the nonspecific systemic activation of the human inflammatory cascade by any of a number of clinical events. The management of the SIRS patient has been ineffective because of incomplete definition of the mechanisms responsible for the syndrome. It is argued that all of the biological mechanisms that are operative in a simple wound and are beneficial are negative for the host when activated systemically. Thus, SIRS is seen in three separate scenarios at present: (1) invasive infection; (2) dissemination of microbes secondary to failure of host defense mechanisms; and (3) severe activation of inflammation by injury, shock, severe soft tissue inflammation, and other noninfectious but proinflammatory events. Newer treatment strategies will need to focus not on the inciting event itself but on better control of the complex responses of the host.
Automatic Variational ABC (2016)

Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) is a framework for performing likelihood-free posterior inference for simulation models. Stochastic Variational inference (SVI) is an appealing alternative to the inefficient sampling approaches commonly used in ABC. However, SVI is highly sensitive to the variance of the gradient estimators, and this problem is exacerbated by approximating the likelihood. We draw upon recent advances in variance reduction for SV and likelihood-free inference using deterministic simulations to produce low variance gradient estimators of the variational lower-bound. By then exploiting automatic differentiation libraries we can avoid nearly all model-specific derivations. We demonstrate performance on three problems and compare to existing SVI algorithms. Our results demonstrate the correctness and efficiency of our algorithm.
Cyclosporine-induced immune suppression alters establishment of HTLV-1 infection in a rabbit model (2009)

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection causes adult T-cell leukemia and several lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory diseases. Persistent HTLV-1 infection is determined by a balance between host immune responses and virus spread. Immunomodulatory therapy involving HTLV-1-infected patients occurs in a variety of clinical settings. Knowledge of how these treatments influence host-virus relationships is not understood. In this study, we examined the effects of cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced immune suppression during early infection of HTLV-1. Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were split into 4 groups. Three groups were treated with either 10 or 20 mg/kg CsA or saline before infection. The fourth group was treated with 20 mg/kg CsA 1 week after infection. Immune suppression, plasma CsA concentration, ex vivo lymphocyte HTLV-1 p19 production, anti-HTLV-1 serologic responses, and proviral load levels were measured during infection. Our data indicated that CsA treatment before HTLV-1 infection enhanced early viral expression compared with untreated HTLV-1-infected rabbits, and altered long-term viral expression parameters. However, CsA treatment 1 week after infection diminished HTLV-1 expression throughout the 10-week study course. Collectively, these data indicate immunologic control is a key determinant of early HTLV-1 spread and have important implications for therapeutic intervention during HTLV-1-associated diseases.
[Comparative statistical study of two antiemetics, metoclopramide and metopimazine, effects on the oestrus cycle in the female rat (author's transl)]. (1980)

A comparative study of two antiemetic neuroleptics, metoclopramide and metopimazine, effects on the oestrus cycle of female rats has been done. These compounds were administered once daily for 21 consecutive days (1, 0,1, 0,01, 0,001 mg/kg/s.c.) on Wistar AFSPF rats, exhibiting regular four day cycles. Evolution of oestrus cycle was studied by daily vaginal smears. Our data show that metoclopramide does not influence oestrus cycle, while metopimazine suppress oestrus cycles, substituted for a permanent dioestrus. For the last compound, a statistically significant difference between treated and controls is demonstrated.
Metal-Catalyzed “Living” Radical Polymerization of Styrene Initiated with Arenesulfonyl Chlorides. From Heterogeneous to Homogeneous Catalysis (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorMetal-Catalyzed "Living" Radical Polymerization of Styrene Initiated with Arenesulfonyl Chlorides. From Heterogeneous to Homogeneous CatalysisVirgil Percec, Bogdan Barboiu, Andreas Neumann, Joan C. Ronda, and Mingyang ZhaoView Author Information The W. M. Keck Laboratories for Organic Synthesis, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202 Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 10, 3665–3668Publication Date (Web):May 6, 1996Publication History Received16 January 1996Revised22 March 1996Published online6 May 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma960061ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma960061arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1718Altmetric-Citations305LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Polymerization,Radical polymerization,Solvents,Styrenes Get e-Alerts
Prostanoid Receptors: Structures, Properties, and Functions (1999)

Prostanoids are the cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid and include prostaglandin (PG) D(2), PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), PGI(2), and thromboxne A(2). They are synthesized and released upon cell stimulation and act on cells in the vicinity of their synthesis to exert their actions. Receptors mediating the actions of prostanoids were recently identified and cloned. They are G protein-coupled receptors with seven transmembrane domains. There are eight types and subtypes of prostanoid receptors that are encoded by different genes but as a whole constitute a subfamily in the superfamily of the rhodopsin-type receptors. Each of the receptors was expressed in cultured cells, and its ligand-binding properties and signal transduction pathways were characterized. Moreover, domains and amino acid residues conferring the specificities of ligand binding and signal transduction are being clarified. Information also is accumulating as to the distribution of these receptors in the body. It is also becoming clear for some types of receptors how expression of their genes is regulated. Furthermore, the gene for each of the eight types of prostanoid receptor has been disrupted, and mice deficient in each type of receptor are being examined to identify and assess the roles played by each receptor under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this article, we summarize these findings and attempt to give an overview of the current status of research on the prostanoid receptors.
Phosphorylation of Nucleoside Analog Antiretrovirals: A Review for Clinicians (2001)

Nucleoside analogs (zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, abacavir, lamivudine) have been administered as antiretroviral agents for more than a decade. They undergo anabolic phosphorylation by intracellular kinases to form triphosphates, which inhibit human immunodeficiency virus replication by competitively inhibiting viral reverse transcriptase. Numerous methods are used to elucidate the intracellular metabolic pathways of these agents. Intracellular and extracellular factors affect intracellular phosphorylation. Lack of standardization and complexity of methods used to study phosphorylation in patients limit interpretation of study results and comparability of findings across studies. However, in vitro and in vivo studies give important insights into mechanisms of action, metabolic feedback mechanisms, antiviral effects, and mechanisms of toxicity, and have influenced dosing regimens of nucleoside analogs.
Studies on Capacity Fade of Spinel-Based Li-Ion Batteries (2002)

The performance of Cell-Batt® Li-ion cells using nonstoichiometric spinel as the positive electrode material has been studied at different charging rates. The capacity of the cell was optimized based on varying the charging current and the end potential. Subsequent to this, the capacity fade of these batteries was studied at different charge currents. During cycling, cells were opened at intermittent cycles and extensive material and electrochemical characterization was done on the active material at both electrodes. For all charge currents, the resistance of both the electrodes does not vary significantly with cycling. This result is in contrast with cells made with cathode where the increase in cathode resistance with cycling causes the fade in capacity. Comparison of cyclic voltammograms of spinel and carbon electrode before and after 800 cycles reveals a decrease in capacity with cycling. Low rate charge-discharge studies confirmed this loss in capacity. The capacity loss was approximately equally distributed between both electrodes. On analyzing the X-ray diffraction patterns of the spinel electrode that were charged and discharged for several cycles, it can be seen that apart from the nonstoichiometric spinel phase, an additional phase slowly starts accumulating with cycling. This is attributed to the formation of defect spinel product according to a chemical reaction, which also leads to MnO dissolution in the electrolyte. Energy dispersive analysis by X-ray of the carbon samples shows an increase in Mn content with cycling. These studies indicate that capacity fade of spinel-based Li-ion cells can be attributed to (i) structural degradation at the cathode and (ii) loss of active materials at both electrodes due to electrolyte oxidation. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.