gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the expression of Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc glycosphingolipids in kidney. (1990)

Previous studies (Galili, U., Clark, M. R., Shohet, S. B., Buehler, J., and Macher, B. A. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 84, 1369-1373; Galili, U., Shohet, S. B., Korbrin, E., Stults, C. L. M., and Macher, B. A. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 17755-17762) have established that there is a unique evolutionary distribution of glycoconjugates carrying the Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc epitope. These glycoconjugates are expressed by cells from New World monkeys and non-primate mammals, but not by cells from humans, Old World monkeys, or apes. The lack of expression of this epitope in the latter species appears to result from the suppression of gene expression for the enzyme UDP-galactose:nLc4Cer alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase (alpha 1-3GalT) (Joziasse, D. H., Shaper, J. H., Van den Eijnden, D. H., Van Tunen, A. J., and Shaper, N. L. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14290-14297). Although many non-primate species are known to express this carbohydrate epitope, the nature (i.e. glycoprotein or glycosphingolipid) of the glycoconjugate carrying this epitope is only known for a few tissues in a few animal species. Furthermore, it is not known whether all animal species express this epitope in the same tissues. We have investigated these questions by analyzing the glycosphingolipids in kidney from several non-primate animal species. Immunostained thin layer chromatograms of glycosphingolipids from sheep, pig, rabbit, cow, and rat kidney with the Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc glycosphingolipid-specific monoclonal antibody, Gal-13, demonstrated that kidney from all of these species except rat contained Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc neutral glycosphingolipids. A lack of expression of Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc glycosphingolipids in rat may be due to the lack of expression of the enzyme (alpha 1-3GalT) which catalyzes the formation of the Gal alpha 1-3Gal nonreducing terminal sequence of these compounds or to the lack of expression of glycosyltransferases which are necessary for the synthesis of the neolacto core structure of these compounds. These possibilities were evaluated in two ways. First, the three enzymes (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:LacCer beta 1-3-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase, UDP-galactose:Lc3Cer beta 1-4-galactosyltransferase, and alpha 1-3GalT) involved in the synthesis of the Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc glycosphingolipids were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based assay system and carbohydrate sequence-specific monoclonal antibodies. Second, TLC immunostaining was done to determine if the glycosphingolipid precursors (i.e. Lc3Cer and nLc4Cer) are expressed in rat kidney. Interestingly, rat kidney had a relatively high level of alpha 1-3GalT activity compared with the other animals tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
L-arginine decreases infarct size caused by middle cerebral arterial occlusion in SHR (1992)

L-Arginine, but not D-arginine, serves as a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a potent dilator of cerebral blood vessels. We examined the effects of administering L-arginine (300 mg/kg ip) on the volume of infarction in two models of focal cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). L-Arginine was administered before (16 and 3 h) and after (5 min and 2 h) vessel occlusion, and animals were killed 24 h later. L-Arginine treatment decreased infarct size in rats subjected to distal middle cerebral arterial (MCA) plus ipsilateral common carotid arterial (CCA) occlusion by 31% [147 +/- 12 (saline) vs. 101 +/- 9 mm3 (L-arginine), P < 0.05]. D-Arginine, administered according to the same dosage and protocol, was without effect. In the group subjected to proximal MCA occlusion, L-arginine decreased infarction size in the striatum by 28% [47 +/- 5 (saline) vs. 34 +/- 3 mm3 (L-arginine), P < 0.05] and neocortex by 11% [193 +/- 7 (saline) vs. 171 +/- 8 mm3 (L-arginine), P < 0.05]. Changes in blood pressure or other measured physiological parameters did not account for the observed differences. The possible use of L-arginine for the treatment of focal cerebral ischemia merits further investigation.
Direct acting, highly mutagenic, .alpha.-hydroxy N-nitrosamines from 4-chloroindoles (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect acting, highly mutagenic, .alpha.-hydroxy N-nitrosamines from 4-chloroindolesGeorge. Buchi, Gary C. M. Lee, David. Yang, and Steven R. TannenbaumCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 14, 4115–4119Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00274a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00274a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1478Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
.alpha.-Methylene .beta.-lactones as masked allenes and allene equivalents: some selected chemical transformations (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-Methylene .beta.-lactones as masked allenes and allene equivalents: some selected chemical transformationsWaldemar Adam, Rainer Albert, Ludwig Hasemann, Victor O. Nava Salgado, Bernd Nestler, Eva Maria Peters, Karl Peters, Frank Prechtl, and Hans Georg Von SchneringCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 20, 5782–5785Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00020a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00020a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views369Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Reduction (1975)

When proving that a parallel program has a given property it is often convenient to assume that a statement is indivisible, i.e. that the statement cannot be interleaved with the rest of the program. Here sufficient conditions are obtained to show that the assumption that a statement is indivisible can be relaxed and still preserve properties such as halting. Thus correctness proofs of a parallel system can often be greatly simplified.
Human milk oligosaccharides: Only the breast (1997)

Over 100 years ago it was first deduced that a major component of human milk must be an unidentified carbohydrate that was not found in cows milk. At first this was thought to be a form of lactose and was called gynolactose. We now know that this was not a single carbohydrate but a complex mixture of approximately 130 different oligosaccharides. Although small amounts of a few oligosaccharides have been found in the milk of other mammals, this rich diversity of sugars is unique to human milk. The oligosaccharide content of human milk varies with the infant's gestation, the duration of lactation, diurnally and with the genetic makeup of the mother. Milk oligosaccharides have a number of functions that may protect the health of the breast fed infant. As they are not digested in the small intestine, they form the 'soluble' fibre of breast milk and their intact structure is available to act as competitive ligands protecting the breast-fed infant from pathogens. There is a growing list of pathogens for which a specific oligosaccharide ligand has been described in human milk. They are likely to form the model for future therapeutic and prophylactic anti-microbials. They provide substrates for bacteria in the infant colon and thereby contribute to the difference in faecal pH and faecal flora between breast and formula-fed infants. They may also be important as a source of sialic acid, essential for brain development.
Quantitative analysis of DNA array autoradiographs (2000)

DNA arrays and chips are powerful new tools for gene expression profiling. Current arrays contain hundreds or thousands of probes and large scale sequencing and screening projects will likely lead to the creation of global genomic arrays. DNA arrays and chips will be key in understanding how genes respond to specific changes of environment and will also greatly assist in drug discovery and molecular diagnostics. To facilitate widespread realization of the quantitative potential of this approach, we have designed procedures and software which facilitate analysis of autoradiography films with accuracy comparable to phosphorimaging devices. Algorithms designed for analysis of DNA array autoradiographs incorporate 3-D peak fitting of features on films and estimation of local backgrounds. This software has a flexible grid geometry and can be applied to different types of DNA arrays, including custom arrays.
Large and flat graphene flakes produced by epoxy bonding and reverse exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (2008)

We present a fabrication method producing large and flat graphene flakes that have a few layers down to a single layer based on substrate bonding of a thick sample of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), followed by its controlled exfoliation down to the few to single graphene atomic layers. As the graphite underlayer is intimately bonded to the substrate during the exfoliation process, the obtained graphene flakes are remarkably large and flat and present very few folds and pleats. The high occurrence of single-layered graphene sheets being tens of microns wide in lateral dimensions is assessed by complementary probes including spatially resolved micro-Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and electrostatic force microscopy. This versatile method opens the way for deposition of graphene on any substrates, including flexible ones.
Extracellular Matrix-derived Peptide Binds to αvβ3 Integrin and Inhibits Angiogenesis (2001)

Angiogenesis is associated with several pathological disorders as well as with normal physiological maintenance. Components of vascular basement membrane are speculated to regulate angiogenesis in both positive and negative manner. Recently, we reported that tumstatin (the NC1 domain of alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen) and its deletion mutant tum-5 possess anti-angiogenic activity. In the present study, we confirm that the anti-angiogenic activity of tumstatin and tum-5 is independent of disulfide bond requirement. This property of tum-5 allowed us to use overlapping synthetic peptide strategy to identify peptide sequence(s) which possess anti-angiogenic activity. Among these peptides, only the T3 peptide (69-88 amino acids) and T7 peptide (74-98 amino acids) inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis specifically in endothelial cells. The peptides, similar to tumstatin and the tum-5 domain, bind and function via alpha(v)beta(3) in an RGD-independent manner. Restoration of a disulfide bond between two cysteines within the peptide did not alter the anti-angiogenic activity. Additionally, these studies show that tumstatin peptides can inhibit proliferation of endothelial cells in the presence of vitronectin, fibronectin, and collagen I. Anti-angiogenic effect of the peptides was further confirmed in vivo using a Matrigel plug assay in C57BL/6 mice. Collectively, these experiments suggest that the anti-angiogenic activity of tumstatin is localized to a 25-amino acid region of tumstatin and it is independent of disulfide bond linkage. Structural features and potency of the tumstatin peptide make it highly feasible as a potential anti-cancer drug.
Quantitative studies of integration of murine leukemia virus after exogenous infection. (1976)

Using a [3H]DNA probe prepared from AKR murine leukemia virus, we determined the number of copies of the AKR virus genome integrated into the cellular DNA after exogenous infection of NIH mouse, AKR mouse, and rat cells in tissue culture. NIH mouse cells, which lack a portion of the viral genome (referred to as Gross-AKR specific sequences), incorporated three to four copies of these sequences per haploid genome. AKR cells, in which the Gross-AKR specific sequences are already present as three to four copies per haploid genome, did not shwo any distinct change in copy number after infection. Rat cells, which lack DNA sequences homologous to murine leukemia virus, incorporated one copy of the viral genome per haploid genome. It is inferred that the presence of viral sequences may affect the efficiency of integration of exogenous provirus, and that there may be a limit to the number of copies that can be inserted.
Stability of dithered non-linear systems with backlash or hysteresis† (1986)

We study the effect of dither on the non-linear element of a single-input single-outout feedback system. We consider non-linearities with memory (backlash, hysteresis), in the feedforward loop; a dither of a given amplitude is injected at the input of the non-linearity. The non-linearity is followed by a linear element with low-pass characteristic. The stability of the dithered system and an approximate equivalent system (in which the non-linearity is a smooth function) are compared. Conditions on the input and on the dither frequency are obtained so that the approximate-system stability guarantees that of the given hysteretic system
When Wenzel and Cassie Are Right: Reconciling Local and Global Considerations (2009)

The condition under which the Wenzel or Cassie equation correctly estimates the most stable contact angle is reiterated and demonstrated: these equations do hold when the drop size is sufficiently large compared with the wavelength of roughness or chemical heterogeneity. The numerical demonstrations somewhat mimic recent experiments that seemingly refuted the Wenzel and Cassie equations and show that these experiments were performed only for drops of sizes similar in order of magnitude to the wavelength of roughness or chemical heterogeneity. Under such conditions, the Wenzel and Cassie equations are a priori not expected to be valid. It is also explained that both the local equilibrium condition at the contact line and the global equilibrium condition involving the wetted area within the contact line are necessary and complementary.
An inverted sea urchin histone gene sequence with breakpoints between TATA boxes and mRNA cap sites (1983)

A sea urchin histone gene fragment containing inverted regions of the normal repeat has been cloned in pBR322. Restriction enzyme mapping and homoduplex analysis of this fragment indicate that the H1-H4 spacer of one repeat is situated alongside the inverted H2A-H1 spacer of another repeat. The site of the breakpoint has been sequenced and compared with homologous stretches of the normal repeat. The breakpoints in the original duplexes were found to be within 4-6 bp of the H4 mRNA cap site and 8-10 bp of the H1 mRNA cap site in the standard repeat. The breakpoints in both original duplexes contain short direct repeats and an overlap of 3 bases. As this is the first breakpoint resulting in the apposition of inverted sequence to be analyzed at the level of DNA sequence, we speculate whether structural features described here are typical of such rearrangements. The structure observed is consistent with, but does not prove, that the sequence is the endpoint of a true inversion since only one junction has been isolated and characterized.
Separation of mixed voices by acoustic parameter optimization (1991)

Abstract The human auditory response is highly adaptable to the environment, enabling voices to be recognized even in a noisy environment. This ability is due primarily to the language processing function in the central auditory nervous system, but the binaural sound locating function also seems to play an important role. From such a viewpoint, the author has presented a method which estimates the sound source locations and separates the voices from more than one speaker using the position information. A problem in this method is that the acoustic space is assumed as a free space, and the voice is separated based on the sound field model. Consequently, in the actual sound space, the estimation of the source location may be incorrect, thereby making the voice separation inaccurate. This study proposes a method whereby the separation index is estimated using the evaluation function based on the cross correlation of the separated voices, and the sound parameters are sought in the direction to minimize the evaluation function to improve the voice separation. The effectiveness of the method is verified by an experiment.
Virus-specific antibodies in sera from patients with genital herpes simplex virus infection (1982)

Virus-specific antibodies against a number of herpes simplex virus type 2 antigens were determined by radioimmunoprecipitation assays in sequential serum samples obtained from 12 patients with initial genital herpes simplex virus infection. The progressive appearance of antibodies to virus-specific antigens was observed; antibodies against a 130,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein complex appeared first, followed by antibodies against the major nucleocapsid polypeptide and then antibodies against a number of other viral antigens, including a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 62,000. Patients who developed a wide variety of antibodies to viral polypeptides shortly after resolution of their initial episode seemed to experience more severe initial infections and more recurrences than did those who reacted poorly with these virus-specific antigens. This was most apparent with respect to antibodies to virus-specific polypeptides with molecular weights between 30,000 and 43,000. Antibody specificity did not change during the course of follow-up regardless of whether serum samples were taken shortly before, during, or after recurrent episodes. Glycoprotein-specific antibodies were quantitated with the purified 130,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein material. No significant fluctuations in these antibody titers were observed before or after recurrences of the disease.
A G-tract element in apoptotic agents-induced alternative splicing (2008)

Alternative splicing of a single pre-mRNA transcript can produce protein isoforms that promote either cell growth or death. Here we show that Ro-31-8220 (Ro), an apoptotic agent that inhibits protein kinase C and activates the c-Jun N terminal kinase, decreased the proportion of the cell growth-promoting Bcl-xL splice variant. Targeted mutagenesis analyses narrowed down a critical sequence to a 16-nt G-tract element (Gt16). Transferring this element to a heterologous gene conferred Ro response on an otherwise constitutive exon. The Ro effect was reduced by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, in a concentration-dependent manner. Search in the human genome followed by RT-PCR identified a group of genes that contain similar exonic G-tract elements and are responsive to Ro. Moreover, the Gt16 element also mediates the regulation of alternative splicing by other cell apoptosis-inducers particularly retinoic acid. Therefore, the G-tract element likely plays a role in the apoptotic agents-induced alternative splicing of a group of genes. The functions of these genes imply that this regulation will have impact on cell growth/death.
America Online's Internet for Windows: Easy, Graphical Access - the Aol Way (1995)

From the Publisher:
The Official book on how to access the enhanced power of Personal Publisher 3. This is the book every AOL member needs to create exciting, dynamic web pages.
Learn all about the newest features in the most robust version of Personal Publisher ever.
-- Discover how to use hundreds of custom templates to make designing web pages simple.
-- Take advantage of enhanced multimedia capabilities.
-- Special sections on designing web pages for kids and home businesses.
-- Learn how to use off-line editing and creation features to save time and money.
-- Publish photos on your web page with exciting new imaging features.
-- Use searching features to find other AOL community members' web pages.
-- A web page design sampler and web term glossary provide added value.
AOL members have the ability to create and maintain a web site on AOL's server, using AOL's web design product, Personal Publisher. The book covers the basics of using Personal Publisher 3, which is due in January of 1998. Creating Cool AOL Web Pages covers using the basic tools and templates of PP3 to create simple web pages, but also offers significant web page design advice and examples. Chapters on web pages for kids and web sites to promote your home business will appeal to a large cross section of AOL members. The book will have a user-friendly tone and approach for beginning to intermediate web designers.
Studies on pathogenic organism and prevention and cure for explosive epidemic disease of parent prawn of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (1998)

While culturing of parent prawn, an explosive epidemic disease happened during 1991-1992 in a cultivating fishery company in Shanghai. The mortality was very high. 18 prawns of random sampling were surveyed in situ. The uniform microorganism was found under microscope in 17 prawns. S-1, S-2 strains were obtained from haemolymph and liver of sick prawn on plate PDA. During the infection experiment, the symptom was as same as that of the sick one. S-3, S-4 strains were isolated from the infectious prawn. All the characteristics of S-3, S-4 were similar to S-1, S-2. S-1, S-2 were proved to be the pathagenic organism, and identified to be Torulopsis mogii. The kinds of effective medicine food (Prawn-I, Prawn-II) were developed for prevention and cure of the disease.