gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal behavior of a quantum dot nanocomposite as a color converting material and its application to white LED (2010)

We present a novel nanocomposite, a mixture of a CdSe/CdS/ZnS red quantum dot (QD), an Sr(2)SiO(4):Eu green phosphor and silicone resin for a color converting material. The temperature rise and the optical characteristics of the nanocomposite due to the addition of the QD have been investigated in terms of QD content ratio and the mixing components. The experimental results suggested that a small addition of QDs generated a large amount of heat during light conversion at the wavelength of QD emission. Considering the temperature rise in a nanocomposite, we applied 0.2 wt% QDs on an InGaN blue LED chip. As a result, we could achieve a white LED device with a high color rendering index of 83.2, a high luminance of 65.86 lm W(-1) and a moderate temperature increase of 94 °C. The white LED converted by the newly developed QD-phosphor nanocomposite has great potential in future illumination.
Herpes simplex virus type I does not require productive infection to induce tissue factor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. (1993)

HSV-1 induces PCA in HUVEC which is clearly TF-dependent; this response does not require viral replication. These data indicate increased complexity in HSV interactions with vascular endothelium and imply induction of some procoagulant functions by nonproductive infection.
A tight lower bound for parity in noisy communication networks (2008)

We show a tight lower bound of Ω(N log log N) on the number of transmission required to compute the parity of N bits (with constant error) in a network of N randomly placed sensors, communicating using local transmissions, and operating with power near the connectivity threshold. This result settles a question left open by Ying, Srikant and Dullerud (WiOpt 06), who showed how the sum of all N bits can be computed using O(N log log N) transmissions. Earlier works on lower bounds for communication networks worked with the full broadcast model without using the fact that the communication in real networks is local, determined by the power of the transmitters. In fact, in full broadcast networks parity can be computed using O(N) transmissions. To obtain our lower bound we employ techniques developed by Goyal, Kindler and Saks (FOCS 05), who showed lower bounds in the full broadcast model by reducing the problem to a model of noisy decision trees. However, in order to capture the limited range of transmissions in real sensor networks, we define and work with a localized version of noisy decision trees. Our lower bound is obtained by exploiting special properties of parity computations in such decision trees.
Treatment of Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars by Iontophoretic Transdermal Delivery of Tranilast (1997)

The feasibility of iontophoretic transdermal delivery of tranilast (N-(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid) for the treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars was evaluated in hairless rats and humans. A drug electrode containing tranilast 1.5 ml (8 mg/ml in ethanol/water (8/2, v/v) mixture) was placed on the dorsal skin surface of anaesthetised rats or the affected parts of patients, and connected to the negative pole; an electric current (0.5-4 mA for rats, 2 mA for people) was pulsed through at one minute intervals. Tranilast was effectively delivered transdermally iontophoretically into the restricted skin tissues of hairless rats and the affected parts of four patients with hypertrophic scars with no skin damage. In four other patients tranilast given iontophoretically for a period of 30 minutes a week reduced the patients' complaints of pain and itching after only one or two treatments although there were some variations among patients. These results indicate that the transdermal iontophoretic delivery of tranilast is a useful treatment for keloid and hypertrophic scars, particularly for relieving pain and itching, and is more beneficial than tranilast given orally.
Improvement of Visual Performance With Intravitreal Administration of 9-cis-Retinal in Rpe65-Mutant Dogs (2010)

These positive proof-of-principle results provide support for the development of intravitreal devices for sustained delivery of 9-cis-retinal as a therapy for conditions resulting from failure of the visual cycle.
MindFinder (2010)

In this paper, we showcase the MindFinder system, which is an interactive sketch-based image search engine. Different from existing work, most of which is limited to a small scale database or only enables single modality input, MindFinder is a sketch-based multimodal search engine for million-level database. It enables users to sketch major curves of the target image in their mind, and also supports tagging and coloring operations to better express their search intentions. Owning to a friendly interface, our system supports multiple actions, which help users to flexibly design their queries. After each operation, top returned images are updated in real time, based on which users could interactively refine their initial thoughts until ideal images are returned. The novelty of the MindFinder system includes the following two aspects: 1) A multimodal searching scheme is proposed to retrieve images which meet users' requirements not only in structure, but also in semantic meaning and color tone. 2) An indexing framework is designed to make MindFinder scalable in terms of database size, memory cost, and response time. By scaling up the database to more than two million images, MindFinder not only helps users to easily present whatever they are imagining, but also has the potential to retrieve the most desired images in their mind.
We Should Desist Using RECIST, at Least in GIST (2007)

Choi response criteria are reproducible, more sensitive, and more precise than RECIST in assessing the response of GISTs to imatinib mesylate. Response by Choi criteria, unlike response by RECIST, correlates significantly with TTP and DSS. Response by Choi criteria should be incorporated routinely into future studies of GIST therapy. We should desist using RECIST, at least in GIST.
Molecular cloning, cDNA structure, and regulation of the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase from rat ovarian granulosa cells. (1986)

One isoform of the regulatory subunit of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase (R-II51; Mr = 51,000) and its electrophoretic variants (R-II51.5 and R-II52; Mr = 51,500 and 52,000, respectively) are selectively induced by estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (cAMP) in rat ovarian granulosa cells. To ascertain the amino acid sequence of R-II51 and to gain insight into the molecular events regulating the intracellular content of ovarian follicular R-II51, we constructed a lambda gt11 cDNA expression library from poly(A)+ RNA of hormone-primed rat granulosa cells. A 1.5-kilobase (kb) cDNA insert, isolated from a plaque-purified R-II antibody positive bacteriophage clone, selectively bound R-II51 mRNA as demonstrated by analysis of the hybrid-selected translation product. Restriction maps and sequence analyses of the 1.5-kb cDNA insert and of the 1.8- and 2.2-kb cDNA inserts from two additional clones showed overlapping sequences which span a region of 3065 nucleotides in size. The 1.5- and 1.8-kb cDNA inserts each contained poly(A) addition signals (1508 and 1761 nucleotides, respectively), terminal poly(A) sequences, and the entire coding region for R-II51 (1204 nucleotides) except for a small number of nucleotides at the 5' end. The 2.2-kb cDNA insert contained 394 nucleotides of the coding region a long 3' untranslated region and two more poly(A) addition signals (3041 and 3059 nucleotides). An amino acid microsequence surrounding the autophosphorylation site of pure rat ovarian R-II51 agreed with the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA. Northern blot analyses demonstrated two major mRNA species (1.8 and 3.2 kb in size) in hormone-primed rat ovaries which were approximately 10- and 50-fold greater than the R-II mRNA content in rat brain and rat heart, respectively. Southern blot analysis of rat liver DNA indicated that a single gene codes for R-II51 mRNA. Structural differences among rat ovarian R-II51, rat heart R-II54, and the known amino acid sequences of bovine R-II and R-I subunits also indicate that the rat ovarian R-II51 subunit is the product of a distinct gene.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Lentivirus Vectors for Gene Transfer: Expression and Potential for Helper Virus-Free Packaging (1998)

In addition to the long-term expression of the transgene provided by all retroviral vectors, lentiviruses present the opportunity to transduce nondividing cells and potentially achieve regulated expression. The development of lentiviral vectors requires the design of transfer vectors to ferry the transgene with efficient encapsidation of the transgene RNA and with full expression capability, and of a packaging vector to provide packaging machinery in trans but without helper virus production. For both vectors, a knowledge of packaging signal is required-the signal to be included in the transfer vector but excluded from the packaging vector. Among the human lentiviruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2), we think HIV-2 is better suited for gene transfer than HIV-1. It is less pathogenic and thus safer during design and production; its desirable nuclear import and undesirable cell-cycle arrest functions are segregated on two separate genes. In HIV-1 infection, it is less likely to recombine with the resident HIV-1, and it may itself downregulate HIV-1 expression. Evidently, elements located both upstream and downstream of the splice donor site in the leader sequence participated in RNA encapsidation and these sequences appeared necessary and sufficient. Deletion of both sequence elements resulted in a dramatic curtailment of RNA encapsidation and helper virus production. This was accompanied by some but acceptable loss of gene expression capability. The helper virus-free phenotype and expression capability of the double mutant was maintained upon replacement of its 3' long terminal repeat with a minigene cassette containing a transcriptional termination signal and a drug resistance marker gene. Deletion of the splice donor site itself had a dramatic negative effect on gene expression, supporting the important role of this element in the life of RNA.
The development and rationale of pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion--a new approach to protect ischemic myocardium. (1984)

The early concept of global retroperfusion and arterialisation of the coronary sinus was discarded because of unacceptable damage to the myocardium, although many authors provided evidence on the improvement of cardiac function during ischemia. Furthermore, the exact mechanism of coronary sinus retroperfusion remained poorly understood. The lack of a strong physiological basis for retroperfusion as well as the development of coronary bypass grafting lessened interest in this revascularisation technique. Renewed interest in myocardial protection via the coronary sinus emerged because of a more aggressive therapy of acute myocardial ischemia. We developed a simple retroperfusion system conceptualized as a periodical occlusion of the coronary sinus and as a redistribution of venous flow to compromised areas during acute myocardial ischemia, sweeping out toxic substances and edema during coronary venous drainage. To allow sufficient filling of the infarcted area as well as venous drainage, the occlusion versus release phase is controlled by the coronary sinus pressure. This pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (P-ICSO) represents a closed loop system and therefore guarantees optimal physiologic function of the system. This report explains the proposed nature of action of enhanced washout of myocardial edema induced by P-ICSO. Moreover, beneficial effects of P-ICSO observed during canine studies are summarized. It is concluded that this new simple retroperfusion technique has the clinical potential to serve as interim support to protect deprived myocardium until definite reperfusion is available.
Enzymological aspects of blood coagulation. (1983)

Recent studies on the mechanism of initiation and regulation of blood coagulation are reviewed. In the intrinsic blood coagulation pathway, factor XII, prekallikrein (or factor XI) and high molecular weight kininogen from a complex on an anionic surface, such as exposed subendothelium at the site of vascular trauma. In complex, zymogen factor XII activates prekallikrein (or factor XI) by limited proteolysis to initiate the coagulation cascade. A similar initiating mechanism may be operative in the extrinsic pathway, where zymogen factor VII, complexed with a lipoprotein (tissue factor) and calcium ions, converts factor X to factor Xa. Factor Xa converts prothrombin to thrombin which converts soluble fibrinogen to an insoluble fibrin network which physically arrests the flow of blood from the damaged vasculature. In addition, thrombin converts protein C to activated protein C. Activated protein C functions as a negative regulator in the coagulation process by degrading factor VIIIa and factor Va.
Pediatric Brain Tumors Express Multiple Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Including Novel Cell Adhesion Kinases (1996)

We have used the polymerase chain reaction to clone and characterize growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) expressed in 3 pathologically distinct pediatric brain tumors, an anaplastic ependymoma, a glioblastoma multiforme and a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). These neoplasms are presumed to be derived from embryonic neuroepithelial precursor cells of the central nervous system. This cloning demonstrated expression of 24 distinct kinase genes: 16 receptor type kinases and 8 nonreceptor type kinases. The expression of 6 receptors, including Hek2, IRR, Ryk, FGFR3, and 2 members of the newly identified cell adhesion kinase receptor family, DDR and TKT, in such tumors has not been reported previously. Northern analysis of mRNA levels revealed DDR expression in 6 of 7 pediatric brain tumors including an ependymoma, PNET, glioblastoma and astrocytoma, and also in an adult pheochromocytoma. Thus, the DDR cell adhesion kinase may be widely expressed in pediatric brain tumors. Also, PCR cloning may be an effective procedure for characterizing RTKs in clinical tissue samples and revealing the expression of novel RTK species.
The Use of the Avidin‐Biotin Complex as a Tool in Molecular Biology (1980)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Principle Preparation of Reactive Biotiny Derivatives Assays for Avidin and Biotin Purification Studies: Affinity Chromatography Localization Studies: Affinity Cytochemistry Miscellaneous Systems The Biotin Transport System: An Affinity Labeling Study Antibiotin Antibodies Conclusions
Elements of cellular mobile radio systems (1986)

A major concern in a cellular mobile radio system is the co-channel interference. Therefore, the reduction of co-channel interference becomes a main thrust for the system design engineers. We use the co-channel interference reduction factor as a design criterion and predict the signal-to-interference (S/I) ratios in different system configurations. The handoff mechanism and algorithmic considerations, the traffic capacity and procedure for splitting cells, and the near-end-to-far-end ratio interference and reduction are the elements described.
Neurochemical and Neural Mechanisms of Positive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia (2015)

It is difficult to come away from review of pharmacologic and metabolite studies without concluding that dopaminergic mechanisms play a significant role in mediating both negative and positive symptoms. Nevertheless, the characteristics of dopaminergic involvement are unclear. Whereas compelling evidence continues to link the mechanism of action of neuroleptic drugs, including therapeutic effects on negative and positive symptoms, to blockade of D2 receptors, neuroleptic-induced alterations in dopaminergic function are time-dependent and may include reductions in variability as well as in net dopamine activity. Moreover, pharmacologic enhancement of dopaminergic function may at least transiently improve symptomatology (negative greater than positive) and levels of CSF HVA appear to be reduced or are negatively correlated with symptoms in some schizophrenic patients. Thus, there is support for both increased and decreased dopamine function in schizophrenia. Functional brain imaging has, after only a few years of application, made significant contributions to our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Studies of cerebral metabolism and regional CBF have shown remarkable consistency in their identification of abnormal function of the frontal cortex in schizophrenia. It should be pointed out, however, that agreement across studies remains largely conceptual with significant discrepancies still existing with regard to the precise localization of dysfunction and its relationship to cognitive activation. Although less well documented than 'hypofrontality' itself, negative symptomatology appears to bear some relationship to this defect. The idea that positive symptoms might be associated with increased subcortical and/or metabolism is less well supported. The recent advances in our understanding of structure and function of CNS dopaminergic systems may help to integrate these two bodies of data into more dynamic models of dopaminergic defects in schizophrenia. For example, the concept that diminished mesocortical coupled with increased subcortical dopaminergic activity might be a 'substrate' for psychosis is compatible with neurochemical evidence suggesting both diminished and enhanced dopaminergic processes as well as with metabolic hypofrontality. Better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in establishing functional balance between cortical and subcortical systems might, therefore, identify new possibilities for biological dysfunction in schizophrenia. The recent study by Weinberger et al. which correlates CSF HVA levels with neuropsychologically induced frontal CBF is an example of how neurochemistry can enhance brain imaging data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Motor Neuron Transduction After Intracisternal Delivery of AAV9 in a Cynomolgus Macaque (2015)

The image shows a section of the lumbar spinal cord from a cynomolgus macaque that had received AAV9.CB.EGFP via the cisterna magna. Expression of GFP in multiple motor neurons is visible. Injection into the cerebrospinal fluid has been shown to be an effective route of vector administration for neuron transduction.
Transition dipole moment of InAs/InGaAs quantum dots from experiments on ultralow-threshold laser diodes (2000)

Semiconductor ultralow-threshold InAs quantum-dot lasers are investigated operating at 1230–1250 nm at room temperature (laser threshold range is of 16–83 A/cm2 for ground-state emission). The dependence of gain on current is derived from measurements of the threshold current as a function of the cavity length. The ground-state gain appears at very low current: the inversion threshold of ∼13 A/cm2 is a record low value. Analysis of these data for diodes of different molecular beam epitaxial-grown wafers leads to a squared dipole moment of the transition of ∼9.2×10−57 C2 m2 that corresponds to the length of elementary dipole of ∼0.6 nm.
Sequence and Regulation of a Gene Encoding a Human 89-Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein (1989)

Vertebrate cells synthesize two forms of the 82- to 90-kilodalton heat shock protein that are encoded by distinct gene families. In HeLa cells, both proteins (hsp89 alpha and hsp89 beta) are abundant under normal growth conditions and are synthesized at increased rates in response to heat stress. Only the larger form, hsp89 alpha, is induced by the adenovirus E1A gene product (M. C. Simon, K. Kitchener, H. T. Kao, E. Hickey, L. Weber, R. Voellmy, N. Heintz, and J. R. Nevins, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2884-2890, 1987). We have isolated a human hsp89 alpha gene that shows complete sequence identity with heat- and E1A-inducible cDNA used as a hybridization probe. The 5'-flanking region contained overlapping and inverted consensus heat shock control elements that can confer heat-inducible expression on a beta-globin reporter gene. The gene contained 10 intervening sequences. The first intron was located adjacent to the translation start codon, an arrangement also found in the Drosophila hsp82 gene. The spliced mRNA sequence contained a single open reading frame encoding an 84,564-dalton polypeptide showing high homology with the hsp82 to hsp90 proteins of other organisms. The deduced hsp89 alpha protein sequence differed from the human hsp89 beta sequence reported elsewhere (N. F. Rebbe, J. Ware, R. M. Bertina, P. Modrich, and D. W. Stafford (Gene 53:235-245, 1987) in at least 99 out of the 732 amino acids. Transcription of the hsp89 alpha gene was induced by serum during normal cell growth, but expression did not appear to be restricted to a particular stage of the cell cycle. hsp89 alpha mRNA was considerably more stable than the mRNA encoding hsp70, which can account for the higher constitutive rate of hsp89 synthesis in unstressed cells.
D‐PCa‐2: A novel transcript highly overexpressed in human prostate and prostate cancer (2004)

Identification of genes selectively expressed in tumors or individual tissues is a crucial prerequisite for molecular diagnosis and treatment of cancer by addressing molecular targets. By screening an expression database, we identified the novel gene D-PCa-2 (Dresden prostate carcinoma 2), which is highly overexpressed in normal prostate tissue and prostate carcinoma (PCa). The corresponding transcript contained an open reading frame of 453 nucleotides encoding a putative protein of 150 amino acids. A large part of exon 8 of the D-PCa-2 gene shows strong similarity to the high-mobility-group nucleosomal binding protein 2 (HMGN2) cDNA. The highly specific transcription of the D-PCa-2 gene in normal and malignant prostate tissues and in a few additional tumors was demonstrated by using multiple tissue dot blot, cancer profiling dot blot and real-time PCR analyses. Examination of 18 pairs of tumorous and nontumorous prostate tissues from PCa patients by quantitative RT-PCR revealed D-PCa-2 transcripts in all specimens. The potential usefulness of D-PCa-2 as a sensitive marker for metastatic prostate carcinoma cells in lymph nodes was demonstrated by the detection of one LNCaP cell in 1 x 10(5) normal lymph node cells using real-time RT-PCR. Examination of 22 lymph nodes from PCa patients either containing metastatic prostate cancer cells or diagnosed as cancer-free was in full concordance with histopathologic diagnoses. These results validate D-PCa-2 as a transcript with high tissue specificity and with a potential application in the diagnosis of PCa.