gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Converter-fed subsea motor drives (1996)

A subsea adjustable-speed motor fed via a long cable in the range of several tens of kilometers between the converter and the motor are analyzed by simulations. Due to resonance, one critical frequency range occurs where significant generation of harmonics from the inverter should be avoided. A voltage source inverter is more feasible than a current source inverter since it is easier to modify the output waveform in order to avoid resonance problems. The resistive voltage drop in the long cable reduces the air-gap torque of the motor, particularly at low frequencies. This causes a problem for the start-up of the motor due to stiction torque. A start-up strategy is envisaged which is a compromise between voltage boost, inverter current, and transformer core dimensions. In normal operation mode the inverter voltage is proportional to the frequency. An open speed loop is used which keeps the system stable for potential load variations. The results from a 1-MW full-scale system test are summarised.
Self-phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor: evidence for a model of intermolecular allosteric activation (1987)

The membrane receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a 170,000-dalton glycoprotein composed of an extracellular EGF-binding domain and a cytoplasmic kinase domain connected by a stretch of 23 amino acids traversing the plasma membrane. The binding of EGF to the extracellular domain activates the cytoplasmic kinase function even in highly purified preparations of EGF receptor, suggesting that the activation occurs exclusively within the EGF receptor moiety. Conceivably, kinase activation may require the transfer of a conformational change through the single transmembrane region from the ligand binding domain to the cytoplasmic kinase region. Alternatively, ligand-induced receptor-receptor interactions may activate the kinase and thus bypass this requirement. Both mechanisms were contrasted by employing independent experimental approaches. The following lines of evidence support an intermolecular mechanism for the activation of the detergent-solubilized receptor: the EGF-induced receptor self-phosphorylation has a parabolic dependence on the concentration of EGF receptor, cross-linking of EGF receptors by antibodies or lectins stimulates receptor self-phosphorylation, immobilization of EGF receptor on various solid matrices prevents EGF from activating the kinase function, and cross-linking of EGF receptors increases their affinity toward EGF. On the basis of these results, an allosteric aggregation model is formulated for the activation of the cytoplasmic kinase function of the receptor by EGF. This model may be relevant to the mechanism by which the mitogenic signal of EGF is transferred across the membrane.
Recent Progress in the Elucidation of Interferon-Gamma Actions: Molecular Biology and Biological Functions (1994)

It has been known for a long time that the two major classes of interferons, IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma, are similar in many of their actions despite the fact that they are structurally unrelated and bind to separate receptors. Recent studies revealed overlapping, common components in IFN-alpha/beta and IFN-gamma signaling. The second chain of the IFN-gamma receptor was recently identified. The generation of mice with targeted disruptions of the genes for IFN-gamma or the IFN-gamma receptor is helping to understand the essential functions of IFN-gamma in host defenses. Other studies have shown that the transcription factor IRF-1 is essential for the IFN-gamma-mediated activation of the gene for the inducible nitric oxide synthase.
Mass detection using carbon nanotube-based nanomechanical resonators (2004)

The potential of nanobalances based on individual single-walled carbon nanotubes is examined. The carbon nanotube resonators are assumed to be either cantilevered or bridged and simulated by an atomistic modeling, i.e., the molecular structural mechanics method. The results indicate that the mass sensitivity of carbon nanotube nanobalances can reach 10−21g and a logarithmically linear relationship exists between the resonant frequency and the attached mass when the mass is larger than 10−20g. The sensitivity of resonant frequency shifts to both tube length and diameter has been demonstrated.
Polystyrene-methylcyclohexane solutions undergoing phase separation: a study by fluorescence spectroscopy (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolystyrene-methylcyclohexane solutions undergoing phase separation: a study by fluorescence spectroscopyJohn M. Torkelson, Matthew Tirrell, and Curtis W. FrankCite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 8, 1505–1512Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00138a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
FIR inverses to MIMO rational transfer functions with application to blind equalization (2002)

Given a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) causal stable rational transfer function matrix H(z)=A/sup -1/(z)B(z) with N outputs and M inputs (N/spl ges/M), it is shown that full column rank of B(z) for all z is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a finite impulse response (FIR) left inverse G(z) such that G(z)H(z)=I. Upper bounds on the length of the FIR inverse are derived in terms of the lengths of the AR and the MA parts of H(z). The presented results are less stringent than the existing results. These results are then used to design FIR MIMO equalizers in a two-step procedure. In the first step, using only the correlation function of the MIMO system output (i.e. the data record), FIR filters are designed to equalize the received signals up to a full-rank mixing matrix. In the second step, higher-order statistics are used to design a separating matrix to unmix the signals.
Branched DNA Technology in Molecular Diagnostics (2006)

Viral quantification or viral load testing has become part of the routine management of patients infected with HIV-1 or hepatitis C virus (HCV). There are currently several molecular technologies that are available for use in the clinical laboratory setting. Of these, only the branched DNA (bDNA) assays are FDA-approved for HIV-1 and HCV viral load testing. This signal amplification technology is built on a series of hybridization reactions that are highly amenable to full automation and thus lessen the amount of labor required to perform this type of analysis. This article provides a historical perspective of bDNA and its clinical applications.
Kinetics and Mechanism for Reduction of the Anticancer Prodrug trans,trans,trans-[PtCl2(OH)2(c-C6H11NH2)(NH3)] (JM335) by Thiols (2000)

The reduction of the platinum(IV) prodrug trans,trans,trans-[PtCl2(OH)2(c-C6H11NH2)(NH3)] (JM335) by L-cysteine, DL-penicillamine, DL-homocysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, 2-mercaptopropanoic acid, 2-mercaptosuccinic acid, and glutathione has been investigated at 25 degrees C in a 1.0 M aqueous perchlorate medium with 6.8 < or = pH < or = 11.2 using stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The stoichiometry of Pt(IV):thiol is 1:2, and the redox reactions follow the second-order rate law -d[Pt(IV)]/dt = k[Pt(IV)][RSH]tot, where k denotes the pH-dependent second-order rate constant and [RSH]tot the total concentration of thiol. The pH dependence of k is ascribed to parallel reductions of JM335 by the various protolytic species of the thiols, the relative contributions of which change with pH. Electron transfer from thiol (RSH) or thiolate (RS-) to JM335 is suggested to take place as a reductive elimination process through an attack by sulfur at one of the mutually trans chloride ligands, yielding trans-[Pt(OH)2(c-C6H11NH2)(NH3)] and RSSR as the reaction products, as confirmed by 1H NMR. Second-order rate constants for the reduction of JM335 by the various protolytic species of the thiols span more than 3 orders of magnitude. Reduction with RS- is approximately 30-2000 times faster than with RSH. The linear correlation log(kRS) = (0.52 +/- 0.06)-pKRSH--(2.8 +/- 0.5) is observed, where kRS denotes the second-order rate constant for reduction of JM335 by a particular thiolate RS- and KRSH is the acid dissociation constant for the corresponding thiol RSH. The slope of the linear correlation indicates that the reactivity of the various thiolate species is governed by their proton basicity, and no significant steric effects are observed. The half-life for reduction of JM335 by 6 mM glutathione (40-fold excess) at physiologically relevant conditions of 37 degrees C and pH 7.30 is 23 s. This implies that JM335, in clinical use, is likely to undergo in vivo reduction by intracellular reducing agents such as glutathione prior to binding to DNA. Reduction results in the immediate formation of a highly reactive platinum(II) species, i.e., the bishydroxo complex in rapid protolytic equilibrium with its aqua form.
Unsupervised learning of human motion (2003)

An unsupervised learning algorithm that can obtain a probabilistic model of an object composed of a collection of parts (a moving human body in our examples) automatically from unlabeled training data is presented. The training data include both useful "foreground" features as well as features that arise from irrelevant background clutter - the correspondence between parts and detected features is unknown. The joint probability density function of the parts is represented by a mixture of decomposable triangulated graphs which allow for fast detection. To learn the model structure as well as model parameters, an EM-like algorithm is developed where the labeling of the data (part assignments) is treated as hidden variables. The unsupervised learning technique is not limited to decomposable triangulated graphs. The efficiency and effectiveness of our algorithm is demonstrated by applying it to generate models of human motion automatically from unlabeled image sequences, and testing the learned models on a variety of sequences.
Reduction of the HIV-1-infected T-cell reservoir by immune activation treatment is dose-dependent and restricted by the potency of antiretroviral drugs (2000)

Our analysis suggests that although treatment that activates T-cells can reduce the long-lived HIV-1 reservoir, caution should be used as high-level stimulation may result in a negative outcome.
A flexible unified approach to the analysis of pre‐clinical combination studies (2010)

Combinations of drugs are increasingly being used in a variety of diseases. Pre-clinical experiments allow the responses of many drug compounds to be studied in combination with the goal of identifying compounds acting synergistically. This paper presents a unified approach to analysing data from combination studies, calculating a hierarchy of interaction indices to powerfully and flexibly describe the synergistic profile of the combination space studied, utilizing standard statistical software to generate estimates of confidence and provide statistical tests. The approach can work with a wide variety of experimental designs and response patterns and will deal with partial responses and inactive compounds. As well as identifying synergy or antagonism, the same approach can also be used to identify a benefit or detriment to monotherapy. The approach is illustrated with data from an in vitro study.
Human Cytokine-Induced Memory-Like Natural Killer Cells (2015)

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that are important for host defense against infection and mediate antitumor responses. Recent reports from several laboratories have identified that NK cells can remember a prior activation event and consequently respond more robustly when restimulated, a property termed innate NK cell memory. NK cell memory has now been identified following hapten exposure, viral infection, and combined cytokine preactivation with IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18. Many questions in the field remain regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating memory NK cells and their responses, as well as their formation and function in mice and humans. Here we review our current understanding of cytokine-induced memory-like (CIML) NK cells that are generated by combined preactivation with IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18. These cells exhibit enhanced NK cell effector functions weeks after the initial cytokine preactivation. Further, we highlight the preclinical rationale and ongoing therapeutic application of CIML NK cells for adoptive immunotherapy in patients with hematologic malignancies.
Formation of glycoprotein degrading enzymes byBacteroides fragilis (1991)

Bacteroides fragilis NCDO 2217 produced a wide range of cell-associated hydrolytic enzymes (neuraminidase, α-fucosidase, α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, β-galactosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase) that could potentially degrade the carbohydrate moieties of mucin, a complex glycoprotein. The type of substrate used for growth markedly influenced their formation in batch cultures. Synthesis of neuraminidase, α-fucosidase, α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and to a lesser extent, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, was inversely related to growth rate in continuous cultures (D= 0.03 h−1– 0.23 h−1) in which porcine gastric mucin provided the sole source of carbon and nitrogen.
Molecular Identification of a Putative Human Hyaluronan Synthase (1996)

To identify the putative mammalian hyaluronan synthase, we cloned a human cDNA that is related to the Streptococcus hyaluronan synthase (HasA) and the Xenopus developmental protein DG42 which has been shown to have chitin synthase activity. The cDNA, for which we propose the name Has2, encodes a novel protein with a predicted molecular mass of 63.6 kDa. Has2 shows 55% amino acid identity with Xenopus DG42 and 52% identity with the mouse HAS protein, another putative hyaluronan synthase recently reported by Itano and Kimata (Itano, N., and Kimata, K. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 9875-9878). The deduced primary structure revealed the presence of several hydrophobic stretches which can form multiple transmembrane domains. It also demonstrated the complete conservation of amino acid residues that are known to be critical for N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity of yeast chitin synthase. When the Has2 cDNA was transfected into human 293 and Chinese hamster ovary cells, the production of hyaluronan in the transfected cells increased up to 34- and 9-fold, respectively. Strong expression of Has2 mRNA was observed in exponentially proliferating human IMR-90 fibroblasts but not in growth-arrested IMR-90 cells. These results suggest that the Has2 protein is a crucial component of the human hyaluronan synthase system.
Cutting Edge: Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 60 Activates the Innate Immune Response: CD14 Is an Essential Receptor for HSP60 Activation of Mononuclear Cells (2000)

Heat shock proteins (HSP), highly conserved across species, are generally viewed as intracellular proteins thought to serve protective functions against infection and cellular stress. Recently, we have reported the surprising finding that human and chlamydial HSP60, both present in human atheroma, can activate vascular cells and macrophages. However, the transmembrane signaling pathways by which extracellular HSP60 may activate cells remains unclear. CD14, the monocyte receptor for LPS, binds numerous microbial products and can mediate activation of monocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells, thus promoting the innate immune response. We show here that human HSP60 activates human PBMC and monocyte-derived macrophages through CD14 signaling and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, sharing this pathway with bacterial LPS. These findings provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular HSP may participate in atherosclerosis and other inflammatory disorders by activating the innate immune system.
Increased Selectivity, Analytical Precision, and Throughput in Targeted Proteomics (2010)

Proteomics is gradually complementing large shotgun qualitative studies with hypothesis-driven quantitative experiments. Targeted analyses performed on triple quadrupole instruments in selected reaction monitoring mode are characterized by a high degree of selectivity and low limit of detection; however, the concurrent analysis of multiple analytes occurs at the expense of sensitivity because of reduced dwell time and/or selectivity due to limitation to a few transitions. A new data acquisition paradigm is presented in which selected reaction monitoring is performed in two ways to simultaneously quantify and confirm the identity of the targeted peptides. A first set of primary transitions is continuously monitored during a predetermined elution time window to precisely quantify each peptide. In addition, a set of six to eight transitions is acquired in a data-dependent event, triggered when all the primary transitions exceed a preset threshold. These additional transitions are used to generate composite tandem mass spectra to formally confirm the identity of the targeted peptides. This technique was applied to analyze the tryptic digest of a yeast lysate to demonstrate the performance of the technique. We showed a limit of detection down to tens of attomoles injected and a throughput exceeding 6000 transitions in one 60-min experiment. The technique was integrated into a linear work flow, including experimental design, data acquisition, and data evaluation, enabling large scale proteomic studies.
In vivo analysis using variants of zebrafish BMPR-IA: range of action and involvement of BMP in ectoderm patterning (1999)

It has been an intriguing problem whether the polypeptide growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily function as direct and long-range signaling molecules in pattern formation of the early embryo. In this study, we examined the mechanism of signal propagation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the ectodermal patterning of zebrafish embryos, in which BMP functions as an epidermal inducer and a neural inhibitor. To estimate the effective range of zbmp-2, we first performed whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis. The zbmp-2-expressing domain and the neuroectoderm, marked by otx-2 expression, were complementary, suggesting that BMP has a short-range effect in vivo. Moreover, mosaic experiments using a constitutively active form of a zebrafish BMP type I receptor (CA-BRIA) demonstrated that the cell-fate conversion, revealed by ectopic expression of gata-3 and repression of otx-2, occurred in a cell-autonomous manner, denying the involvement of the relay mechanism. We also found that zbmp-2 was induced cell autonomously within the transplanted cells in the host ectoderm, suggesting that BMP cannot influence even the neighboring cells. This result is consistent with the observation that there is no gap between the expression domains of zbmp-2 and otx-2. Taken together, we propose that, in ectodermal patterning, BMP exerts a direct and cell-autonomous effect to fate uncommitted ectodermal cells to become epidermis.
Multiplex PCR Targetingtpi(Triose Phosphate Isomerase),tcdA(Toxin A), andtcdB(Toxin B) Genes for Toxigenic Culture ofClostridium difficile (2004)

A multiplex PCR toxigenic culture approach was designed for simultaneous identification and toxigenic type characterization of Clostridium difficile isolates. Three pairs of primers were designed for the amplification of (i) a species-specific internal fragment of the tpi (triose phosphate isomerase) gene, (ii) an internal fragment of the tcdB (toxin B) gene, and (iii) an internal fragment of the tcdA (toxin A) gene allowing distinction between toxin A-positive, toxin B-positive (A+B+) strains and toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive (A-B+) variant strains. The reliability of the multiplex PCR was established by using a panel of 72 C. difficile strains including A+B+, A-B-, and A-B+ toxigenic types and 11 other Clostridium species type strains. The multiplex PCR assay was then included in a toxigenic culture approach for the detection, identification, and toxigenic type characterization of C. difficile in 1,343 consecutive human and animal stool samples. Overall, 111 (15.4%) of 721 human samples were positive for C. difficile; 67 (60.4%) of these samples contained A+B+ toxigenic isolates, and none of them contained A-B+ variant strains. Fifty (8%) of 622 animal samples contained C. difficile strains, which were toxigenic in 27 (54%) cases, including 1 A-B+ variant isolate. Eighty of the 721 human stool samples (37 positive and 43 negative for C. difficile culture) were comparatively tested by Premier Toxins A&B (Meridian Bioscience) and Triage C. difficile Panel (Biosite) immunoassays, the results of which were found concordant with toxigenic culture for 82.5 and 92.5% of the samples, respectively. The multiplex PCR toxigenic culture scheme described here allows combined diagnosis and toxigenic type characterization for human and animal C. difficile intestinal infections.
Update on treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (2009)

Purpose of review Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogenous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas characterized by atypical, skin-homing T lymphocytes and have varying prognoses depending on subtype and disease stage. Numerous therapeutic options exist; however, many patients experience refractory disease and novel treatments are needed. Recent findings This review will highlight selected advances in CTCL treatment over the past year (2007–2008). Discoveries regarding the pathophysiology of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, the two most common CTCL types, have led to an expansion of new treatments and an increase in experience with multimodality therapy continues to increase. A number of reports have examined both combination regimens of currently available CTCL therapies as well as treatments approved for other dermatologic or oncologic conditions. Also, several novel skin-directed treatments and systemic compounds have been studied in all CTCL stages as well as in treatment-refractory disease. Summary There remains a continued impetus to develop and amass experience with new therapeutic options for CTCL, particularly for patients with advanced stage and treatment-refractory disease.
Super‐resolution Geometric Barcoding for Multiplexed miRNA Profiling (2018)

MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles hold promise as biomarkers for diagnostics and prognosis of complex diseases. Herein, we report a super-resolution fluorescence imaging-based digital profiling method for specific, sensitive, and multiplexed detection of miRNAs. In particular, we applied the DNA-PAINT (point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography) method to implement a super-resolution geometric barcoding scheme for multiplexed single-molecule miRNA capture and digital counting. Using synthetic DNA nanostructures as a programmable miRNA capture nano-array, we demonstrated high-specificity (single nucleotide mismatch discrimination), multiplexed (8-plex, 2 panels), and sensitive measurements on synthetic miRNA samples, as well as applied one 8-plex panel to measure endogenous miRNAs levels in total RNA extract from HeLa cells.