gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein as Cardiovascular Risk Marker in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (2006)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a liver-derived pattern recognition molecule that is increased in inflammatory states. It rapidly increases within hours after tissue injury, and it is suggested that it is part of the innate immune system and contributes to host defense. Since cardiovascular disease is at least in part an inflammatory process, CRP has been investigated in the context of arteriosclerosis and subsequent vascular disorders. Based on multiple epidemiological and intervention studies, minor CRP elevation [high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP)] has been shown to be associated with future major cardiovascular risk (hsCRP:<1 mg/L=low risk; 1-3 mg/L=intermediate risk; 3-10 mg/L=high risk; >10 mg/L=unspecific elevation). It is recommended by the American Heart Association that patients at intermediate or high risk of coronary heart disease may benefit from measurement of hsCRP with regard to their individual risk prediction. Elevation of hsCRP is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes development in patients with all levels of metabolic syndrome. In type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin A1c significantly correlates with hsCRP levels and future cardiovascular risk. Also, hsCRP levels increase with the stage of beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Non-diabetes drugs that have been shown to reduce hsCRP concentrations include aspirin, statins, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and fibrates. Recent intervention studies have also demonstrated the distinct efficacy of different anti-diabetes treatments on a variety of cardiovascular risk markers. Intensive insulin therapy may reduce inflammation, but this effect may be influenced by the degree of weight gain. Treatment with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma has lead to substantial reduction of hsCRP and other cardiovascular risk markers in several comparator studies. Since this effect was shown to be independent of the degree of glycemic improvement, it can be regarded as a classspecific effect. Whether these findings translate into a reduction of overall cardiovascular mortality will soon be shown by the currently running thiazolidinedione outcome studies. Positive results in these trials will further strengthen the value and acceptance of hsCRP, which is recommended as a predictive laboratory marker for cardiovascular disease risk also in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Square-ring microstrip antenna loaded with a center cross-shaped patch for compact circularly polarized radiation (2002)

By tuning a stub, the constructed square ring microstrip antennas loaded with a center cross-shaped patch for compact circularly polarized radiation are experimentally investigated. By adding a narrow stub in the square ring patch, it can perform a 90/spl deg/ phase difference and excite two near degenerate orthogonal modes. Circular polarization (CP) design from such a square ring microstrip antenna loaded with a cross-shaped patch, therefore, can be easily achieved. From the experimental results obtained: the size of the microstrip antennas, at a fixed CP operation frequency, is visibly reduced to be more than 33% of that of the conventional nearly square microstrip antenna.
Development of a Continuous Bioconversion System Using a Thermophilic Whole-Cell Biocatalyst (2013)

The heat treatment of recombinant mesophilic cells having heterologous thermophilic enzymes results in the denaturation of indigenous mesophilic enzymes and the elimination of undesired side reactions; therefore, highly selective whole-cell catalysts comparable to purified enzymes can be readily prepared. However, the thermolysis of host cells leads to the heat-induced leakage of thermophilic enzymes, which are produced as soluble proteins, limiting the exploitation of their excellent stability in repeated and continuous reactions. In this study, Escherichia coli cells having the thermophilic fumarase from Thermus thermophilus (TtFTA) were treated with glutaraldehyde to prevent the heat-induced leakage of the enzyme, and the resulting cells were used as a whole-cell catalyst in repeated and continuous reactions. Interestingly, although electron microscopic observations revealed that the cellular structure of glutaraldehyde-treated E. coli was not apparently changed by the heat treatment, the membrane permeability of the heated cells to relatively small molecules (up to at least 3 kDa) was significantly improved. By applying the glutaraldehyde-treated E. coli having TtFTA to a continuous reactor equipped with a cell-separation membrane filter, the enzymatic hydration of fumarate to malate could be operated for more than 600 min with a molar conversion yield of 60% or higher.
New Cannabidiol Derivatives:  Synthesis, Binding to Cannabinoid Receptor, and Evaluation of Their Antiinflammatory Activity (2006)

Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiol dimethyl hephtyl (CBD-DMH) were hydrogenated to give four different epimers. The new derivatives were evaluated for their ability to modulate the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) by murine macrophages, and for their binding to the cannabinoid receptor (CB(1)). Surprisingly, we found that these derivatives exhibit good binding to CB(1). In addition hydrogenated CBD and CBD-DMH demonstrate bioactivities different from their original compounds.
Influenza A Viruses Grow in Human Pancreatic Cells and Cause Pancreatitis and Diabetes in an Animal Model (2012)

Influenza A viruses commonly cause pancreatitis in naturally and experimentally infected animals. In this study, we report the results of in vivo investigations carried out to establish whether influenza virus infection could cause metabolic disorders linked to pancreatic infection. In addition, in vitro tests in human pancreatic islets and in human pancreatic cell lines were performed to evaluate viral growth and cell damage. Infection of an avian model with two low-pathogenicity avian influenza isolates caused pancreatic damage resulting in hyperlipasemia in over 50% of subjects, which evolved into hyperglycemia and subsequently diabetes. Histopathology of the pancreas showed signs of an acute infection resulting in severe fibrosis and disruption of the structure of the organ. Influenza virus nucleoprotein was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the acinar tissue. Human seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 viruses and avian H7N1 and H7N3 influenza virus isolates were able to infect a selection of human pancreatic cell lines. Human viruses were also shown to be able to infect human pancreatic islets. In situ hybridization assays indicated that viral nucleoprotein could be detected in beta cells. The cytokine activation profile indicated a significant increase of MIG/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, RANTES/CCL5, MIP1b/CCL4, Groa/CXCL1, interleukin 8 (IL-8)/CXCL8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6. Our findings indicate that influenza virus infection may play a role as a causative agent of pancreatitis and diabetes in humans and other mammals.
Chemistry of naturally occurring polyamines. 9. Synthesis of spermidine and spermine photoaffinity labeling reagents (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of naturally occurring polyamines. 9. Synthesis of spermidine and spermine photoaffinity labeling reagentsSrinivasan Nagarajan and Bruce GanemCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 26, 5735–5737Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00350a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00350a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views335Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ensemble of Biased Learners for Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition (2012)

Techniques and performance of text recognition systems and software has shown great improvement in recent years. OCRs now can read any machine printed document with good accuracy. However, the advancements are primarily for Latin scripts and even for such scripts performance is limited in case of handwritten documents. Little work has been done for cursive scripts such as Arabic and still there is a room for improvement both in terms of accuracy and techniques. This paper presents an algorithm to recognize handwritten Arabic text using an ensemble of biased classifiers in a hierarchical setting. We address the fundamental shortcomings of the traditional Machine Learning paradigms when applied to Arabic scripts. Experiments have been conducted on the AMA Arabic dataset to show the efficacy of our method.
Systematic Comparative Evaluation of Methods for Investigating the TCRβ Repertoire (2016)

High-throughput sequencing has recently been applied to profile the high diversity of antibodyome/B cell receptors (BCRs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) among immune cells. To date, Multiplex PCR (MPCR) and 5'RACE are predominately used to enrich rearranged BCRs and TCRs. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages; however, a systematic evaluation and direct comparison of them would benefit researchers in the selection of the most suitable method. In this study, we used both pooled control plasmids and spiked-in cells to benchmark the MPCR bias. RNA from three healthy donors was subsequently processed with the two methods to perform a comparative evaluation of the TCR β chain sequences. Both approaches demonstrated high reproducibility (R2 = 0.9958 and 0.9878, respectively). No differences in gene usage were identified for most V/J genes (>60%), and an average of 52.03% of the CDR3 amino acid sequences overlapped. MPCR exhibited a certain degree of bias, in which the usage of several genes deviated from 5'RACE, and some V-J pairings were lost. In contrast, there was a smaller rate of effective data from 5'RACE (11.25% less compared with MPCR). Nevertheless, the methodological variability was smaller compared with the biological variability. Through direct comparison, these findings provide novel insights into the two experimental methods, which will prove to be valuable in immune repertoire research and its interpretation.
The Role of Interleukin-17 in the Helicobacter pylori Induced Infection and Immunity (2011)

IL-17 plays an important role in H. pylori-related gastritis and in the reduction of Helicobacter infection in mice following immunization.
Ionic Transport Membrane Technology for Oxygen Separation and Syngas Production (1999)

Ion Transport Membranes (ITMs) are made from ceramic materials that conduct oxygen ions at elevated temperatures. Successful application of ITM technology will allow significant improvement in the performance of several large scale industrial processes. The ITM Oxygen process, in which ITMs are used to separate high purity oxygen from air, has the potential for significant advantages when integrated with advanced power generation cycles such as Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC). The ITM Syngas process, by combining air separation and high-temperature syngas generation processes into a single compact ceramic membrane reactor, has the potential for substantially reducing the capital investment for GTL (gas to liquid) plants and for distributed hydrogen. The development efforts are major, long-term and high risk, and place severe demands on the performance and property requirements of the ITM materials. In addition, Air Products is developing SEOS an electrically-driven, small scale, oxygen generation and removal technology using ITMs, which could have a significant impact in the global market for distributed oxygen and inert gases.
Inflammation-induced expression of sialyl Lewis X-containing glycan structures on alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) in human sera. (1993)

The glycosylation of the acute phase glycoprotein alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) in human sera is subject to marked changes during acute inflammation as a result of the cytokine-induced hepatic acute phase reaction. The changes described thus far comprise alterations in the type of branching of the carbohydrate structures as revealed by increased reactivity of AGP with concanavalin A. We now report on acute inflammation-induced increases in alpha 1-->3-fucosylated AGP molecules, as detected by the reactivity of AGP towards the fucose-binding Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) in crossed affino-immunoelectrophoresis of human sera. Laparotomy of women, for the removal of benign tumors of the uterus, was used as a model for the development of the hepatic acute phase response. Hugh increases were detected in the amounts of strongly AAL-reactive fractions of AGP, presumably containing three or more fucosylated N-acetyllactosamine units. At least part of these Lewis X-type glycans (Gal beta 1-->[Fuc alpha 1-->3]GlcNAc-R) appeared to be substituted also with an alpha 2-->3-linked sialic acid residue. This was revealed by the laparotomy-induced abundant staining of AGP with an antisialyl Lewis X monoclonal antibody (CSLEX-1) on blots of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels containing AGP isolated from the sera of a patient at various days after operation. It is concluded that acute inflammation induces a strong increase in sialyl Lewis X-substituted AGP molecules that persists at a high level throughout the inflammatory period. We postulate that these changes represent a physiological feedback response on the interaction between leukocytes and inflamed endothelium, which is mediated via sialylated Lewis X structures and the selectin endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1.
Transfer and storage of chemical and radiation potential (1983)

The change in potential which accompanies any spontaneous process is given by RT ln [1 –(j/J)], where j is the net forward flux and J is the forward flux at the same reactant potential but in the absence of products. This equation is applied to thermal and photochemical reactions. For the latter, we introduce and evaluate the quantities ‘radiation potential’ and ‘scattered radiation potential’ in analogy with ‘chemical potential’.‘Storage’ of energy is defined and shown to be a two-stage process. Thermodynamic losses are relatively small provided the rather stringent requirements of geometry and transport kinetics can be met. The influences of these several factors on the efficiency of solar-energy collection and storage are evaluated.
Protective Effect of Chinonin in MPTP-Induced C57BL/6 Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease (2014)

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of chinonin in preventing 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurodegeneration in C57BL/6 mice and to examine the possible mechanisms. The neurotoxin MPTP was employed to create a subacute Parkinson's disease (PD)-like model in C57BL/6 mice. Chinonin (10, 20, 40 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally administered 0.5 h after MPTP (30 mg/kg) injection for 7 d consecutively. Chinonin showed neuroprotective effects in the MPTP-treated mice PD model by ameliorating motor impairment in the catwalk and open-field tests. Consistently, chinonin reduced loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and prevented depletion of dopamine and its metabolites 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in the striatum of mice. Compared with the MPTP group, in the chinonin plus MPTP groups significant increases of superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels were observed as well as a distinct reduction of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde in the striatum. Taken together, we propose that chinonin exerts neuroprotective effects in C57BL/6 mouse model of PD and these effects may be due to chinonin's antioxidative property.
Lacto-N-Fucopentaose III Activity in the Serum of Patients with Ovarian Carcinoma (1986)

The expression of the lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNF III) epitope by tumor cells of the gastrointestinal tract and ovary has been observed in tissue sections with the use of the murine monoclonal antibody GA 29-1. The presence of the LNF III epitope in the circulation of patients with colorectal cancer has also been reported. In this preliminary study, we describe the presence of LNF III activity in the serum of patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Twelve of 18 (66%) patients with stage I-IV disease demonstrated high reactivity to the GA 29-1 monoclonal antibody. This serum reactivity was independent of disease stage and histologic cell type. In contrast, only 1 of 6 control patients demonstrated a false-positive level of reactivity to GA 29-1. These preliminary results suggest that LNF III warrants further study of its potential application as a serum tumor marker test in patients with adenocarcinoma of the ovary.
Virulence of a Live Dengue Virus Vaccine Candidate: A Possible New Marker of Dengue Virus Attenuation (1988)

Journal Article Virulence of a Live Dengue Virus Vaccine Candidate: A Possible New Marker of Dengue Virus Attenuation Get access Bruce L. Innis, Bruce L. Innis Please address requests for reprints to Dr. B. L. Innis, Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of the Medical Sciences, A.P.O. San Francisco, California 96346-5000. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kenneth H. Eckels, Kenneth H. Eckels Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edmundo Kraiselburd, Edmundo Kraiselburd Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Doria R. Dubois, Doria R. Dubois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gilcin F. Meadors, Gilcin F. Meadors Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Duane J. Gubler, Duane J. Gubler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald S. Burke, Donald S. Burke Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William H. Bancroft William H. Bancroft Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 158, Issue 4, October 1988, Pages 876–880, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/158.4.876 Published: 01 October 1988 Article history Received: 07 January 1988 Revision received: 16 May 1988 Published: 01 October 1988
PC3 Human Prostate Carcinoma Cell Holoclones Contain Self-renewing Tumor-Initiating Cells (2008)

Primary keratinocytes exhibit three typical clonal morphologies represented by holoclones, meroclones, and paraclones, with holoclones containing self-renewing stem cells, and meroclones and paraclones containing more mature and differentiated cells. Interestingly, long-term-cultured human epithelial cancer cells in clonal cultures also form holoclones, meroclones, and paraclones, and tumor cell holoclones have been hypothesized to harbor stem-like cells or cancer stem cells. However, the key question of whether tumor cell holoclones genuinely contain tumor-initiating cells has not been directly addressed. Here, using PC3 human prostate carcinoma cells as a model, we provide direct experimental evidence that tumor cell holoclones contain stem-like cells that can initiate serially transplantable tumors. Importantly, holoclones derived from either cultured PC3 cells or holoclone-initiated tumors can be serially passaged and regenerate all three types of clones. In contrast, meroclones and paraclones cannot be continuously propagated and fail to initiate tumor development. Phenotypic characterizations reveal high levels of CD44, alpha(2)beta(1) integrin, and beta-catenin expression in holoclones, whereas meroclones and paraclones show markedly reduced expression of these stem cell markers. The present results have important implications in understanding morphologic heterogeneities and tumorigenic hierarchies in human epithelial cancer cells.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Isoquinolines Containing an Electron‐Withdrawing Substituent. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Microsensor Arrays for Saliva Diagnostics (2007)

Abstract : Optical fiber microarrays have been used to screen saliva from patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) to ascertain the efficacy of dialysis. We have successfully identified markers in saliva that correlate with kidney disease. Standard assay chemistries for these markers have been converted to disposable test strips such that patients may one day be able to monitor their clinical status at home. Details of these developments are described. In addition, saliva from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is being screened for useful diagnostic markers. Our goal is to develop a multiplexed assay for these protein and nucleic acid biomarkers for diagnosing the cause and severity of pulmonary exacerbations, enabling more effective treatment to be administered. These results are reported in the second part of this article.
Development of a High Throughput Drug Screening Assay for the Detection of Changes in Tau Levels - Proof of Concept with HSP90 inhibitors (2005)

Therapeutic development for Alzheimer's disease has largely focused on the removal of beta amyloid because of its suggested role in the primary agent in initiating the disease process. However, with the recent discovery of mutations that result as pathologic buildup of tau in the absence of amyloid pathology, tau is beginning to be recognized as a potential target for drug discovery. We have developed a high-throughput drug screening method that allows for direct intracellular quantitation of tau protein species, enabling the fast, reliable detection of these changes. We have identified a family of small, blood brain barrier penetrant heat shock protein 90 inhibitors that significantly reduce tau protein levels in vitro. Western blot analysis demonstrated a clear inverse correlation between the tau levels and the increase in HSP27, HSP40 and HSP90. Modifications to this assay will further allow the specific analysis of pathologically relevant species. Using this assay, we have demonstrated that a class of HSP90 inhibitors is able to significantly lower intracellular tau levels most likely through induction of a heat shock response.