gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Large-area solid state detector for radiology using amorphous selenium</title> (1992)

A large area self-scanned solid-state detector is being developed for digital radiology. It consists of an x-ray sensitive flat-panel employing amorphous selenium ((alpha) )-Se) as the x- ray transducer and active matrix integrated circuit for readout. In principle such detectors could be used for all the currently applied radiological modalities -- radiography, photofluorography, and fluoroscopy. Layers of (alpha) )-Se up to 500 micrometers thick are readout with an array of thin film field effect transistors. The whole structure is integrated onto a glass plate. For all practical purposes the resolution of the system is dictated by the pixel size and readout could be in real-time (i.e., 30 frames/sec).
Significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in predicting recurrence of intracranial meningioma (1996)

It is well known that the histological appearance of meningiomas often fails to predict accurately the clinical behavior of the tumor. Therefore, attention has turned from tumor histology to tumor biology. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a cell cycle-regulated protein, has been recently characterized as the cofactor of DNA polymerase-delta, an enzyme required for DNA replication. The rate of synthesis of PCNA directly correlates with the proliferative state of cells. Immunohistochemical labeling of this antigen is now possible with monoclonal antibodies that allow for its demonstration in routinely fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. In this study, the PCNA labeling index (LI) was determined for 83 meningiomas, including tumors with both benign and malignant clinical courses and with benign, atypical, and malignant histologies, apparent after total or subtotal resections. No statistical difference was found between the LI on recurrence and that found at initial presentation. In addition, stepwise multivariate regression analysis failed to identify any combination of factors (age, gender, race, age of specimen, tumor histology, Simpson grade of resection) that contributes to the predictive strength of the PCNA LI for tumor recurrence. However, for LIs less than 2%, only one of 26 gross totally resected tumors recurred (mean follow up 53 months); for LIs more than 7%, five of 13 gross totally resected tumors recurred (mean follow up 55 months). The difference in recurrence rates between gross totally resected meningiomas with PCNA LIs less than 2% and those with PCNA LIs more than 7% achieved statistical significance with a Fisher's exact probability equaling 0.011. The authors conclude that quantitative PCNA labeling of meningiomas is a promising technique that can provide meaningful prognostic information.
Early Detection and Treatment of Wear Particle-Induced Inflammation and Bone Loss in a Mouse Calvarial Osteolysis Model Using HPMA Copolymer Conjugates (2011)

Wear particle-induced inflammation is considered to be the major cause of aseptic implant loosening and clinical failure after total joint replacement. Due to the frequent absence of symptoms, early detection and intervention prior to implant failure presents a significant challenge. To address this issue, a N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-based optical imaging contrast agent (P-IRDye) was developed and used for the detection of wear particle-induced inflammation employing a murine calvaria osteolysis model. The particle-induced osteolysis of calvaria was evaluated by H&E, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and μ-CT after necropsy. One-day post particle implantation, P-IRDye was administrated to the mice via tail vein injection. Live imaging of the animals 6 days after implantation revealed the preferential distribution and sustained retention of the macromolecular contrast agent at the site of particle implantation. Immunohistochemical staining and FACS analyses of the calvaria-associated soft tissue revealed extensive uptake of the HPMA copolymer by F4/80, Ly-6G (Gr1) and CD11c positive cells, which accounts for the retention of the macromolecular probes at the inflammatory sites. To test the potential of the system for therapeutic intervention, an acid-labile HPMA copolymer-dexamethasone conjugate (P-Dex) was prepared and shown to prevent the particle-induced inflammation and bone damage in the calvaria osteolysis model.
Polyacrylate as Functional Binder for Silicon and Graphite Composite Electrode in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2011)

Polyacrylates were applied as binder for the electrode of a particulate mixture of silicon, graphite, and Ketjen black for lithium-ion batteries. We found that poly(alkali acrylate) binder remarkably improved the electrochemical lithiation and delithiation performance of the silicon-graphite electrode compared to that of conventional binders. The polyacrylate coating on Si and graphite particles suppressed the electrode deterioration. When the electrode was prepared with 30 wt% poly(sodium acrylate) binder, the higher specific capacity and initial efficiency were obtained with much improved cycleability.
Texture-Preserving Shadow Removal in Color Images Containing Curved Surfaces (2007)

Several approaches to shadow removal in color images have been introduced in recent years. Yet these methods fail in removing shadows that are cast on curved surfaces, as well as retaining the original texture of the image in shadow boundaries, known as penumbra regions. In this paper, we propose a novel approach which effectively removes shadows from curved surfaces while retaining the textural information in the penumbra, yielding high quality shadow-free images. Our approach aims at finding scale factors to cancel the effect of shadows, including penumbra regions where illumination changes gradually. Due to the fact that surface geometry is also taken into account when computing the scale factors, our method can handle a wider range of shadow images than current state-of-the-art methods, as demonstrated by several examples.
454 antibody sequencing - error characterization and correction (2011)

The experimental test procedure carried out for assessing 454 antibody sequencing errors reveals high (up to 20%) incorrect reads; the errors can be reduced down to 5-10% but not less which suggests the use of caution to avoid false discovery of antibody variants and diversity.
Subband Adaptive Dictionaries for Wavelet/Matching Pursuits Image Coding (2006)

Different dictionaries of basis functions are applied to the four types of sub-bands in coding a wavelet decomposed image by matching pursuits. A dictionary of 2D bases is formed separably from a set of previously determined ID bases. Four masks are defined which select different subsets of the dictionary for coding LL, HL, LH and HH sub-bands. Masks are found by progressively searching for bases which give the highest PSNR at a desired bit rate. It is found that the PSNR of a compressed image increases rapidly at first as bases are added to the masks. It then declines and oscillates. Over a range of small numbers of bases for any bit rate the PSNR is better than with the full codebook. Using sparse dictionaries adapted to different sub-bands gives low computational cost while maintaining high quality, but shows dependency on the bit rate and the image.
Dendritic Cell-Induced Memory T Cell Activation in Nonlymphoid Tissues (2008)

Secondary lymphoid organs are dominant sites of T cell activation, although many T cells are subsequently retained within peripheral tissues. Currently, these nonlymphoid compartments are viewed as sites only of effector T cell function, without the involvement of renewed induction of immunity via the interactions with professional antigen-presenting cells. We describe a method of reactivation of herpes simplex virus to examine the stimulation of tissue-resident T cells during secondary challenge. The results revealed that memory CD8+ T cell responses can be initiated within peripheral tissues through a tripartite interaction that includes CD4+ T cells and recruited dendritic cells. These findings lend evidence for the existence of a sophisticated T cell response mechanism in extra-lymphoid tissues that can act to control localized infection.
New-Generation Pulse Oximetry in the Care of Critically Ill Patients (2005)

The combination of studies done in both clinical and laboratory settings did not provide any strong and convincing evidence that the performance of any single new-generation device was superior to that of any other new-generation device. However, the clinical performance of all the new-generation pulse oximetry devices was better than that of earlier devices.
Dispersion Polymerizations in Carbon Dioxide Using Siloxane-Based Stabilizers (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTDispersion Polymerizations in Carbon Dioxide Using Siloxane-Based StabilizersK. A. Shaffer, T. A. Jones, D. A. Canelas, J. M. DeSimone, and S. P. WilkinsonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, C. B. 3290, Venable and Kenan Laboratories, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 Air Products and Chemicals, 7201 Hamilton Boulevard, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18195-1501 Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 7, 2704–2706Publication Date (Web):March 25, 1996Publication History Received10 November 1995Revised5 February 1996Published online25 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9516798https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9516798rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views628Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Colloids,Copolymerization,Liquids,Polymerization,Silicones Get e-Alerts
Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in nasal polyps (2001)

To investigate the role of gelatinases in nasal polyposis, a common and disabling airway disease characterized by chronic inflammation and tissue remodelling, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 expression was investigated in the nasal polyps (NP) of 24 patients undergoing ethmoidectomy and compared with 15 control nasal mucosal (CM) samples obtained from snorers during turbinectomy. Tissue samples were either frozen for enzymatic analysis or paraffin wax-embedded for immunohistochemistry. Zymography and quantitative image analysis showed that MMP-9 active forms were significantly increased (p<0.05) in NPs compared to CM (44 +/- 40 versus 13 +/- 19x10(3) AU/10 microg protein), while MMP-2 expression was similar in both tissues. Concomitant studies of gelatinase immunoexpression showed that MMP-9 expression was enhanced (4- to 16-fold) in surface epithelium, glands (p<0.05), and submucosal inflammatory cells (p<0.05). In addition, MMP-9 positivity was markedly increased in endothelial cells (p<0.01). In situ zymography demonstrated marked gelatinolytic activity, consistent with the immunolocalization of MMP-2 and MMP-9. These results suggest up-regulation of active MMP-9 in the glands and vessels characteristic of NPs. It is concluded that MMP-9 may play a role in the upper airway remodelling observed during nasal polyposis.
Bacillus thuringiensis: a century of research, development and commercial applications (2011)

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil bacterium that forms spores during the stationary phase of its growth cycle. The spores contain crystals, predominantly comprising one or more Cry and/or Cyt proteins (also known as δ-endotoxins) that have potent and specific insecticidal activity. Different strains of Bt produce different types of toxin, each of which affects a narrow taxonomic group of insects. Therefore, Bt toxins have been used as topical pesticides to protect crops, and more recently the proteins have been expressed in transgenic plants to confer inherent pest resistance. Bt transgenic crops have been overwhelmingly successful and beneficial, leading to higher yields and reducing the use of chemical pesticides and fossil fuels. However, their deployment has attracted some criticism particularly with regard to the potential evolution of pest-resistant insect strains. Here, we review recent progress in the development of Bt technology and the countermeasures that have been introduced to prevent the evolution of resistant insect populations.
Size and Dynamics of Caveolae Studied Using Nanoparticles in Living Endothelial Cells (2009)

Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations prominent in all endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Caveolae characteristically bud to form free cytoplasmic vesicles capable of transporting carrier proteins such as albumin through the cell. However, caveolae size distribution and dynamics in living endothelial cells and ability of caveolae to internalize nanoparticles are not well understood. We demonstrate here the design of a dual-color nanoparticle pair to measure noninvasively caveolae size and dynamics. First, we coated nanoparticles with BSA (bovine serum albumin) to address whether albumin promoted their delivery. Albumin has been shown to bind to protein on endothelial cell surface localized in caveolae and activate albumin endocytosis. Imaging of BSA-coated nanoparticles varying from 20 to 100 nm in diameter in endothelial cells demonstrated that caveolae-mediated nanoparticle uptake was dependent on albumin coating of particles. We also showed that caveolae could accommodate up to 100 nm diameter nanoparticles, a size larger than the diameter of typical caveolae, suggesting compliant property of caveolae. Together, our results show the feasibility of tracking multicolored nanoparticles in living endothelial cells and potential usefulness for designing therapeutic nanoparticle cargo to cross the limiting vessel wall endothelial barrier.
Induction of Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules in Stable Hemodialysis Patients: Is There an Effect of Membrane Material? (2003)

Our study clearly demonstrates that levels of inflammatory cytokines as well as their antagonists and adhesion molecules are elevated in patients on hemodialysis therapy. Baseline values before the start of a dialysis session did not show any differences with regard to the usage of CU or PS dialysis membranes. However, CU dialyzers led to a significantly greater stimulation of TNF-alpha during the dialysis session in comparison to PS membranes, suggesting a higher degree of bioincompatibility.
Instability of microsatellites in human gliomas. (1995)

We have analyzed DNA obtained from 10 glioblastomas multiforme and 6 astrocytomas for microsatellite instability, using 17 different microsatellite loci dispersed over 7 different chromosomes. Six of 16 gliomas showed 1 or more microsatellite alterations in tumor DNA as compared to constitutional DNA. We observed microsatellite instability resulting in allelic shifts in 5 of 10 glioblastomas multiforme but not in any of the astrocytomas. Loss of an allele was observed in 3 glioblastomas multiforme. An imbalance in the intensity of alleles was noticed in 1 astrocytoma and in 1 glioblastoma multiforme. In 1 glioblastoma multiforme, an extra allele was present at two distinct loci. Overall, 5.3% of microsatellite analyses showed an abnormality. We conclude that microsatellite instability is present at a low grade in glioblastomas multiforme but to a lesser extent in astrocytomas. Genomic instability in human gliomas, therefore, should not be regarded as a mechanism for tumor initiation but as an evolution in tumor progression.
Electro-Optic Functional Waveguide Using New Polymer p-NAn-PVA for Integrated Photonic Devices (1992)

A thin film waveguide consisting of newly-developed polymer p-NAn-PVA was fabricated and characterized. The thin film was formed by spin-coating and poled by applying an electric field. The electro-optic (EO) coefficient r 33 was measured to be 14 pm/V, which is as large as half of the r 33 of LiNbO 3 . As an application of this waveguide, a waveguide EO grating switch was proposed and demonstrated. The switching operation was confirmed preliminarily.
The arthritis impact measurement scales. further investigations of a health status measure (1982)

The Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) have been developed to assess the health status of arthritis patients. In this study, the self-administered AIMS questionnaire, which includes scales designed to measure the physical, psychologic, and social aspects of health status, was completed by 625 patients with various forms of arthritis. A comprehensive battery of analytic techniques was used to investigate the performance of these scales in this large sample. The results confirmed the reliability and validity of the AIMS instrument. They also showed that AIMS performs well in at least 4 major types of arthritis, in a range of sociodemographic groups, and across time. These findings emphasize the strengths of the AIMS approach and suggest that the instrument will prove useful as a tool to assess arthritis outcome in a wide variety of clinical settings.
The Production of p-Cresol Sulfate and Indoxyl Sulfate in Vegetarians Versus Omnivores (2012)

PCS and IS production rates are markedly lower in vegetarians than in individuals consuming an unrestricted diet.
Myofibrillar Damage Following Intense Eccentric Exercise in Man (1983)

Muscle soreness that has a delayed onset is a common feature among both athletes and untrained individuals who engage in unusual exercises. This study was designed to provide additional morphological data to assess the relevance and significance of our previous findings that the sore muscles contain fibers with disorganized myofibrillar material. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 12 males (mean age 25 +/- 7 years), who suffered from severe soreness in their thigh muscles 18--72 h following eccentric bicycle exercise. Their strength performance were tested in parallel. Knee extensor strength was decreased at all angular velocities soon after exercise but gradually increased over the subsequent days although slower at the fastest contractions. Disturbances of the cross-striated band pattern were constantly observed. They originated from the myofibrillar Z-band, which showed marked streaming, broadening and, at places, total disruption. The disturbances were found in every second to every third fiber up to 3 days after exercise and in one tenth of the fibers 6 days following the exercise. Type 2 fibers were predominantly affected. Thus, the eccentric exercise gives rise to muscles soreness and influences, on mechanical basis and selectively with regard to fiber type, the fine structure of the contractile apparatus.
Syndecan-4 signaling at a glance (2013)

Syndecan-4, a ubiquitous cell surface proteoglycan, mediates numerous cellular processes through signaling pathways that affect cellular proliferation, migration, mechanotransduction and endocytosis. These effects are achieved through syndecan-4 functioning as both a co-receptor for the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1-FGFR4) and its ability to independently activate signaling pathways upon ligand binding. As an FGFR co-receptor, syndecan-4 strengthens the duration and intensity of downstream signaling upon ligand binding; this is particularly evident with regard to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. In contrast, syndecan-4 also functions as an independent receptor for heparin-binding growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs). These signaling cascades affect canonical signaling components, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AKT1 and the Rho family of GTPases. In combination with the integrin family of proteins, syndecan-4 is also able to form physical connections between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cytoskeletal signaling proteins, and it has a key role in regulation of integrin turnover. This unique versatility of the interactions of syndecan-4 is characterized in this Cell Science at a Glance article and illustrated in the accompanying poster.
Linear lightwave networks: how far can they go? (2002)

A novel type of lightwave network architecture that is based on establishing controllable, optically transparent paths among network users is described. The objective is to provide optical connections on demand. These connections would support a high degree of flexibility, including user-chosen modulation formats and bit rates, for large numbers of user stations (e.g., 100000) using mesh-type topologies that are spread over geographical areas that may extend to diameters of several thousand kilometers. The networks in question perform only linear operations on optical signals, essentially operating as a dynamically controlled 'ether' within which light beams are selectively directed between prescribed source-destination pairs. Because these linear lightwave networks are controllable, they are capable of being reconfigured in response to changing load conditions or component failures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Convergence of DNA methylation and phosphorothioation epigenetics in bacterial genomes (2017)

Explosive growth in the study of microbial epigenetics has revealed a diversity of chemical structures and biological functions of DNA modifications in restriction-modification (R-M) and basic genetic processes. Here, we describe the discovery of shared consensus sequences for two seemingly unrelated DNA modification systems, <sup>6m</sup>A methylation and phosphorothioation (PT), in which sulfur replaces a nonbridging oxygen in the DNA backbone. Mass spectrometric analysis of DNA from <i>Escherichia coli</i> B7A and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Cerro 87, strains possessing PT-based R-M genes, revealed d(G<sub>PS</sub><sup>6m</sup>A) dinucleotides in the G<sub>PS</sub><sup>6m</sup>AAC consensus representing ∼5% of the 1,100 to 1,300 PT-modified d(G<sub>PS</sub>A) motifs per genome, with <sup>6m</sup>A arising from a yet-to-be-identified methyltransferase. To further explore PT and <sup>6m</sup>A in another consensus sequence, G<sub>PS</sub><sup>6m</sup>ATC, we engineered a strain of <i>E. coli</i> HST04 to express Dnd genes from <i>Hahella chejuensis</i> KCTC2396 (PT in G<sub>PS</sub>ATC) and Dam methyltransferase from <i>E. coli</i> DH10B (<sup>6m</sup>A in G<sup>6m</sup>ATC). Based on this model, in vitro studies revealed reduced Dam activity in G<sub>PS</sub>ATC-containing oligonucleotides whereas single-molecule real-time sequencing of HST04 DNA revealed <sup>6m</sup>A in all 2,058 G<sub>PS</sub>ATC sites (5% of 37,698 total GATC sites). This model system also revealed temperature-sensitive restriction by DndFGH in KCTC2396 and B7A, which was exploited to discover that <sup>6m</sup>A can substitute for PT to confer resistance to restriction by the DndFGH system. These results point to complex but unappreciated interactions between DNA modification systems and raise the possibility of coevolution of interacting systems to facilitate the function of each.