gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of lymphocyte phenotypes between carriers of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and adult patients with primary immunodeficiency using two-color immunofluorescence flow cytometry. (1988)

A variety of phenotypic abnormalities of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 8 HIV-carriers (HIVC), 6 patients with common variable immunodeficiency disease (CVID), and 13 patients with selective immunoglobulin deficiency (SIgD) were compared using two-color flow cytometry. There was a close resemblance in phenotypic abnormalities between HIVC and the patients with CVID; i.e., increases in CD8+CD11-, Leu7+CD16- and CD3+DR+ cells, and decreases in CD4+Leu8+, CD4+Leu8-, Leu7+CD16+ and Leu7-CD16+ cells. The increase in CD3+DR+ cells was due to an increase in CD8+DR+ cells. The CD4/CD8 ratio was inverted in both groups. A strong correlation coefficient (CC) was found only between the CD4/CD8 ratio and CD4+Leu8+ cells in HIVC, while CC was also high between the CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8+CD11- cells in CVID. The phenotypic abnormalities of the patients with SIgD were various and no significant difference was found against the control, except for an increase in CD4+Leu8+ cells and a decrease in CD4+Leu8- cells, which suggests heterogeneity of immunological deficits in this group. In severe immunodeficiency, ineffective killer cells appeared to be induced as a result of an adaptive change involved in recurrent or persistent viral infections, and Leu8 molecule may be concerned in the susceptibility of CD4+ cells to HIV.
A Novel Variable Inductor Using a Bridge Circuit and Its Application to a 5–20 GHz Tunable LC-VCO (2011)

A novel variable inductor using a bridge circuit is proposed. Because of a bypass switch MOSFET placed at a balance point, the effect of the switch resistance which is a penalty of the variable inductance is suppressed and degradation of the Q factor is mitigated. A 10-20 GHz tunable LC-VCO core using this inductor was also fabricated. Because of the multi-stage variable inductor, 20 GHz operation having over 10 GHz continuous tuning range with phase noise of -103 to -84 dBc/Hz is achieved with only 5.2 to 7.1 mW power consumption. By using a 1/2 divider, a 5-20 GHz continuous tuning range is also obtained. The chip area is 1/10 smaller than that of conventional wide range LC-VCOs because of the miniature 3-D structure variable inductor. This variable inductor and the wide range LC-VCO are suit able for the clock generation of high-speed communication systems, multi-core processors, as well as low-power, low-cost wireless transceivers.
Potential applications of an electron cyclotron resonance multicusp plasma source (1990)

An electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) multicusp plasmatron has been developed by feeding a multicusp bucket arc chamber with a compact ECR plasma source. This novel source produces large (about 25 cm diam), uniform (to within ±10%), dense (&amp;gt;1011 cm−3) plasmas of argon, helium, hydrogen, and oxygen. It has been operated to produce an oxygen plasma for etching 12.7 cm (5 in.) positive photoresist-coated silicon wafers with uniformity within ±8%. Results and potential applications of this new ECR plasma source for plasma processing of thin films are discussed.
The ProDom database of protein domain families: more emphasis on 3D (2004)

ProDom is a comprehensive database of protein domain families generated from the global comparison of all available protein sequences. Recent improvements include the use of three-dimensional (3D) information from the SCOP database; a completely redesigned web interface (http://www.toulouse.inra.fr/prodom.html); visualization of ProDom domains on 3D structures; coupling of ProDom analysis with the Geno3D homology modelling server; Bayesian inference of evolutionary scenarios for ProDom families. In addition, we have developed ProDom-SG, a ProDom-based server dedicated to the selection of candidate proteins for structural genomics.
Time and area efficient pattern matching on FPGAs (2004)

Pattern matching for network security and intrusion detection demands exceptionally high performance. Much work has been done in this field, and yet there is still significant room for improvement in efficiency, flexibility, and throughput. We develop a novel linear-array string matching architecture using a buffered, two-comparator variation on the Knuth-Morris-Pratt(KMP) algorithm. For small (16 or fewer characters) patterns, it competes favorably with the state-of-the-art while providing better scalability and reconfiguration, and more efficient hardware utilization. The area efficiency compared to other approaches improves further still as the pattern size increases because only the tables increase in size.KMP is a well-known, efficient string matching technique using a single comparator and a precomputed transition table. We add a second comparator and an input buffer, allowing the system to accept at least one character in each cycle and terminate after a number of clock cycles at maximum equal to the length of the input string plus the size of the buffer. The system also provides a clean, modular route to reconfiguring the patterns on-the-fly and scaling the system to support more units, using several rows of linear array elements. In this paper, we prove the bound on the buffer size and running time, and provide performance comparisons against other approaches.
Detection and Typing of Human Papillomavirus by E6 Nested Multiplex PCR (2004)

A nested multiplex PCR (NMPCR) assay that combines degenerate E6/E7 consensus primers and type-specific primers was evaluated for the detection and typing of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes 6/11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68 using HPV DNA-containing plasmids and cervical scrapes (n = 1,525). The performance of the NMPCR assay relative to that of conventional PCR with MY09-MY11 and GP5+-GP6+ primers, and nested PCR with these two primer sets (MY/GP) was evaluated in 495 cervical scrapes with corresponding histologic and cytologic findings. HPV prevalence rates determined with the NMPCR assay were 34.7% (102 of 294) in the absence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 0), 94.2% (113 of 120) in the presence of mild or moderate dysplasia (CIN I/II), and 97.8% (44 of 45) in the presence of severe dysplasia (CIN III). The combination of all four HPV detection methods applied in the study was taken as "gold standard": in all three morphological subgroups the NMPCR assay had significantly (P < 0.0001) higher sensitivities than the MY09-MY11 and GP5+-GP6+ assays and sensitivities comparable or equal to those of the MY/GP assay. All 18 HPV genotypes investigated were detected among the clinical samples. The ratio of high- to low-risk HPV genotypes increased from 4:1 (80 of 103) in CIN 0 to 19:1 (149 of 157) in CIN I to III. Multiple infections were detected in 47.9% (124 of 259) of the patients. In conclusion, the novel NMPCR method is a sensitive and useful tool for HPV DNA detection, especially when exact HPV genotyping and the identification of multiple HPV infections are required.
Reduction of Irreversible Protein Adsorption on Solid Surfaces by ProteinEngineering for IncreasedStability (2005)

The influence of protein stability on the adsorption and desorption behavior to surfaces with fundamentally different properties (negatively charged, positively charged, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic) was examined by surface plasmon resonance measurements. Three engineered variants of human carbonic anhydrase II were used that have unchanged surface properties but large differences in stability. The orientation and conformational state of the adsorbed protein could be elucidated by taking all of the following properties of the protein variants into account: stability, unfolding, adsorption, and desorption behavior. Regardless of the nature of the surface, there were correlation between (i) the protein stability and kinetics of adsorption, with an increased amplitude of the first kinetic phase of adsorption with increasing stability; (ii) the protein stability and the extent of maximally adsorbed protein to the actual surface, with an increased amount of adsorbed protein with increasing stability; (iii) the protein stability and the amount of protein desorbed upon washing with buffer, with an increased elutability of the adsorbed protein with increased stability. All of the above correlations could be explained by the rate of denaturation and the conformational state of the adsorbed protein. In conclusion, protein engineering for increased stability can be used as a strategy to decrease irreversible adsorption on surfaces at a liquid-solid interface.
Single and binary rare earthREBa2Cu3O7-deltafilms prepared by chemical solution deposition (2008)

In the present work, a series of single and binary rare earth REBa2Cu3O7-delta(REBCO, RE=Y, Ho etc.) thin films, such as YBCO, HoBCO and Y0.7Ho0.3BCO, were prepared by TFA-MOD process. Screw-growth mode and island-like surface were clearly observed in the present samples. Good c-axis orientation and high in-plane texture were identified in the all studied samples by measuring four circle X-ray diffractions (XRD). Theta-2Theta patterns of XRD showed no extra phases other than REBCO. As for HoBCO and Y0.7Ho0.3BCO thin films, the temperature dependences of resistance were investigated in various applied magnetic fields (< 9T) Irreversibility fields (Hirr), characterised with a criteria of zero resistance in R-T curves, showed a similar superconducting behavior between single and binary REBCO, i.e. no obvious changes in performance due to Ho doping in YBCO.
Synthesis of [1,3,6,7‐15N, 8‐13C] adenine (1999)

The synthesis of [1,3,6,7-15N, 8-13C] adenine, using [1,3,7-15N, 8-13C]xanthine as starting labelled material, is presented. The experimental procedure is an adaptation of the synthesis methods for the corresponding unlabelled compounds. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of Continuous Backbone, Cable-Driven Robots (2002)

Continuous backbone robots driven by cables have many potential applications in dexterous manipulation for manufacturing and space environments. Design of these robots requires specification of a stiff yet bendable backbone, selection of cable support heights and spacings, and development of a cable drive system. The robot arm divides into sections that are subdivided into segments bounded by cable supports. Cable pairs attach to the end of each section and provide two axis bending. Thus, with many sections, the arm can be bent into complex shapes to allow redundant positioning of the end effector payload. The kinematics of the entire arm are determined from the segment kinematics. This paper derives and numerically solves the nonlinear kinematics for a single segment of a continuous backbone robot. Optimal spacing of the cable supports maximizes displacement, load capacity, and simplicity of the robot kinematics. An experimental system verifies the theoretically predicted performance.
Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography: a Better OCT Imaging Strategy (2005)

This paper reviews the current state of research in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). SDOCT is an interferometric technique that provides depth-resolved tissue structure information encoded in the magnitude and delay of the back-scattered light by spectral analysis of the interference fringe pattern. There are two approaches to SDOCT--one that uses a broadband source and a spectrometer to measure the interference pattern as a function of wavelength and the other that utilizes a narrowband tunable laser that is swept linearly in k approximately 1/lambda space during spectral fringe data acquisition. Unlike time domain (TD) OCT, the reference arm is stationary in both SDOCT methods, which allows for ultra high-speed OCT imaging. Owing to its high speed and superior sensitivity, SDOCT has become indispensable in biomedical imaging applications. After a brief introduction and a discussion on sensitivity advantage, methods of implementation of the two SDOCT schemes will be presented. The two peer approaches are compared in speed, scan depth range, complexity, spectral regions of operation, and methods of detection. The review also discusses OCT enhancements and functional methods based on SDOCT format and concludes with possible directions that this research may take in the near future.
Photoassisted heterogeneous catalysis with optical fibers: I. Isolated single fiber (1977)

Abstract Recently reported varieties of photoassisted heterogeneous catalysts are summarized. A cylindrical, light carrying, optical fiber coated with a catalyst layer is evaluated as a novel configuration for all such light assisted catalysis. Equations are obtained which describe the light intensity in the fiber and its surrounding catalyst layer. A dimensionless group of the form Φ = (4α c β c dL )/( d f ) [ d = d c for d c &lt; λ, d = 0(λ) for d c &gt; λ] determines the relative influence of light loss by all absorption and scattering to light transported in the fiber length. An effectiveness factor η I for heterogeneous photoassisted catalysis is determined for reactions which are first order in intensity and without mass transport limitations. Asymptotic forms of η I are η I = 1.0 (Φ ≪ 1.0) and η I = Φ −1 (Φ ≫ 1.0).
Wortmannin-sensitive Activation of p70 by Endogenous and Heterologously Expressed G -coupled Receptors (1996)

In order to study the regulation of the ribosomal protein S6 kinase, p70s6k, by G protein-coupled receptors, Rat-1 fibroblasts were stably transfected with two versions of the alpha2 adrenergic receptor. Stimulation of clone 1C cells, which express 3.5 pmol/mg of protein of the human alpha2C10 receptor, with the alpha2 agonist UK 14304 led to a transient increase in p70s6k activity. UK 14304 also activated p70s6k in a clone expressing the porcine alpha2A receptor (400 fmol/mg of protein). Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), acting through endogenous G protein-coupled receptors, also activated p70s6k in alpha2 receptor-transfected and in nontransfected cells. Activation of p70s6k by both UK 14304 and LPA was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of the protein. Rapamycin completely blocked the activation of p70s6k by both agents. Activation of p70s6k by UK 14304 and by LPA, but not by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), was blocked by preincubation of cells with pertussis toxin. Wortmannin, a selective inhibitor of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-OH kinase, prevented activation of p70s6k by UK 14304, LPA, and PDGF. These data indicate that p70s6k is regulatable by Gi-coupled receptor agonists in a pertussis toxin-sensitive fashion in Rat-1 fibroblasts and that activation of p70s6k by such agents appears to involve an isoform of PI 3-kinase.
The influence of ribose 5-phosphate availability on purine synthesis of cultured human lymphoblasts and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. (1984)

The intracellular ribose 5-phosphate concentration was found to be an important determinant of rates of de novo purine synthesis. When ribose 5-phosphate production was reduced in cultured human lymphoblasts by glucose starvation, the intracellular phosphoribosylpyrophosphate concentration and rates of de novo purine synthesis decreased. Inosinate-guanylate:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (HPR transferase)-deficient cells were relatively more resistant to glucose starvation. To minimize the effect of purine nucleotide feedback inhibition on the de novo pathway, cells were treated with inhibitors of IMP dehydrogenase and adenylosuccinate synthetase. In normal lymphoblasts, purine synthesis was stimulated only at glucose concentrations greater than 100 microM while in HPR transferase-deficient lymphoblasts, stimulation occurred even in the absence of glucose. The differences between the normal and HPR transferase-deficient cells were lost when ribose reutilization from endogenous nucleotide breakdown was impaired in the HPR transferase-deficient cells by incubation with 2'-deoxyinosine. Endogenous ribose reutilization for purine synthesis is, therefore, important when either glucose availability is limited or synthesis is stimulated. In the absence of glucose, exogenous purine nucleotides restored the intracellular concentrations of ribose 5-phosphate, phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, and purine nucleotides to almost 100% and rates of purine synthesis to 50-75% of those at 10 mM glucose. When ribose 5-phosphate production was increased in peripheral blood lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin activation, the intracellular phosphoribosylpyrophosphate concentration and rates of de novo purine synthesis increased.
Recombinant tetravalent group A streptococcal M protein vaccine. (1993)

Previous studies have shown that the amino-terminal regions of group A streptococcal M proteins contain primarily protective (opsonic) epitopes and not tissue-cross-reactive epitopes. Limited primary structures from multiple serotypes of M protein containing only protective epitopes could potentially be linked together to form a broadly protective vaccine. The present studies were undertaken to determine the protective immunogenicity of a recombinant, multivalent hybrid molecule containing amino-terminal subunits of types 24, 5, 6, and 19 M proteins. Polymerase chain reaction primers were designed to amplify emm gene fragments ranging from 35 to 113 codons. The PCR products were ligated in tandem and inserted into pKK223-3. The tetravalent M protein that was purified from extracts of Escherichia coli migrated as a single band on SDS-PAGE with an apparent m.w. of 31 kDa. In immunoblot analyses, the hybrid protein reacted with serotype-specific antisera indicating that it contained all four M protein subunits. Rabbits immunized with the purified tetravalent M protein developed significant antibody levels against all four serotypes of native M proteins represented in the hybrid protein. None of the antisera cross-reacted with human tissues. The immune sera also opsonized all four serotypes of group A streptococci. Our data show that a hybrid protein containing subunits from multiple M proteins can evoke broadly protective immune responses without tissue-cross-reactive antibodies.
State of the Art of High Energy Photon Treatment Planning1 (2015)

A virtual revolution in computer capability has occurred in the last few years, based largely on rapidly decreasing costs and increasing reliability of digital memory and mass-storage capability. These developments have now made it possible to consider the application of both computer and display technologies to a much broader range of problems in radiation therapy including dose computation, therapy planning and treatment verification. Various similar methods of three-dimensional dose computations in heterogeneous media capable of 2-3% accuracy are likely to be available, but significant work still remains especially for high energy X-rays where electron transport, and possibly pair production, needs to be considered. Innovative display and planning techniques are emerging and show great promise for the future. No doubt these advances will lead to substantially improved treatment planning systems in the next few years. However, it must be emphasized that for many of these applications a tremendous software and hardware development effort is required. Yet it is not clear whether the investments and efforts for improved capabilities and accuracies are warranted with respect to clinical outcome. The question must be addressed for the advancement in the practice of radiotherapy.
Survival of long-lived plasma cells is independent of antigen [In Process Citation] (1998)

Recent studies have shown that persistent specific antibody titer is provided by long-lived plasma cells (PC) which constitute a new kind of 'memory-providing cells'. In the present study, we examine the role of antigen for the long-term survival of PC and the maintenance of specific serum antibody titers. Using a novel cytometric technology, to identify and isolate antigen-specific PC, we analyzed long-lived PC of BALB/c mice, during their development (between day 1 and 10) after secondary immunization with ovalbumin (OVA) and in the phase of the established immune reaction. Most if not all OVA-specific PC were generated within a few days after immunization. Within approximately 3 weeks, they matured, as indicated by down-regulation of expression of MHC class II. These PC are long lived and located in spleen and bone marrow. Upon adoptive transfer, OVA-specific PC from bone marrow, but not memory B cells, conferred specific and long-lasting antibody titers to antigen-free IgH syngeneic recipients. In response to antigenic challenge, new OVA-specific antibody-secreting cells were generated from transferred memory B cells. Antibody secretion by long-lived PC was not affected. Our results confirm that persistent antibody titers are provided by long-lived PC, independent of memory B cells and demonstrate that this humoral memory is inert to antigen.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide in blood: is it increased in the external jugular vein during migraine and cluster headache? A review (2009)

The involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in migraine pathophysiological mechanisms is shown by the facts that CGRP can induce migraine and that two CGRP antagonists, olcegepant and telcagepant, are effective in the treatment of migraine attacks. Increase of the neuropeptide CGRP during migraine and cluster headache attacks in the extracerebral circulation as measured in the external jugular vein (EJV) has been regarded as an established fact. Then in 2005, a study, using the migraine patients as their own controls, showed; however, no changes of CGRP in EJV. For migraine there is thus some uncertainty as to whether CGRP is increased in all migraine patients and more research is needed. In contrast, there are three 'positive' studies in cluster headache in which both sumatriptan, O(2) and spontaneous resolution normalized CGRP. The source of an increase of CGRP in EJV is most likely a 'nervous vasodilatory drive' in the extracranial vascular bed. It remains an enigma how the observed increase of CGRP in the EJV fits into the mechanisms of migraine and cluster headache.
Antigens and allergens in Dermatophagoïdes farinae mite. I. Immunochemical and physicochemical study of two allergenic fractions from a partially-purified Dermatophagoïdes farinae mite extract. (1981)

The fractionation of a partially-purified extract of Dermatophagoïdes farinae mite culture has been undertaken by gel filtration. Two fractions were isolated. One, P25, is a protein-rich fraction with mol. wt about 25,000. The other, GP8, is a polysaccharide-rich fraction with mol. wt around 8,000. By crossed immunoelectrophoresis, we detected eleven antigens in the partially-purified dialysed D. farinae extract (Df 80d) as well as in P25 fraction. One of them, ag 11, seems the most important allergen since in crossed-radio immunoelectrophoresis experiments it displays the faster radiostaining, implying that it binds the greatest part of the mite-specific IgE present in a pool of sera from mite-sensitive patients. By crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis, we demonstrated the absence of ag 11 in GP8, in which only ag 5 and ag 6 were identifiable. By radioalloergosorbent tests (RAST), it was found that P25- and GP8- coated paper discs can fix specific IgE induced in the majority of D. farinae sensitive patients. Defining a 'major allergen' as an allergen to which the majority of sensitive patients develop specific IgE, both P25 and GP8 do appear to contain at least one major allergen. By RAST inhibition method, using Df 80d as a solid phase, the allergenic activity of P25 appeared as slightly higher than that of Df 80d, whereas GP8 displayed a very weak inhibitor capacity. Thus, the allergic specificity of GP8 differs from that of Df 80d or P25.