gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Statistical Analysis Of The Early Peace River Thermal Project Performance (1993)

Abstract A statistical correlation of well performance indices with geology is described for the steam soak phase of the Peace River Expansion Project (PREP), a thermal recovery project operated by Shell Canada Ltd. As expected from a confirmed, permeability-dominated steam underride through a basal lean bitumen zone, well performance correlates only with geology of the lean zone, and not at all with that of the overlying rich bitumen zone during this stage. However, the existence of extensive cross-correlations among the geological parameters, which in at least one instance has introduced a spurious correlation for calendar day oil rate, suggests that log analysis techniques need to be optimized in studies of this kind. In additionto the conventionally calculated bulk fraction shale volume Vsh)from logs, the introduction of other shale parameters is advantageous, and is discussed. Introduction In recent years there has been a growing interest in statistical studies of oil well performance indicators. Apart from the most common analyses, dictated by the need to reduce large data sets to some manageable size, statistical correlations of productiondata against geological parameters might be used to test theories of reservoir depletion that are provided by modelling. This work is intended to test a depletion theory, with the use of public data from the thermal Peace River Expansion Project (PREP), operated by Shell Canada Ltd. in northwestern Alberta. The PREP Project Shell Canada Ltd. has been operating the Peace River Expansion Project since 1986, following a very successful pilot which, as of October 1989, has recovered 53% of oil-in-place by a pressure cycle steam drive process(1). The project recovers bitumen from the 30 m thick Bluesky/Gething sands which have a thin basal zone of relatively low oil saturation (50% of pore volume) and high permeability. This lean pay zone, varying in thickness from 0.3 m to 7 m, allows injection of stream at high rates below fracture pressure in all but eight wells. All wells are perforated in this zone, except in Pads 12 and 15, where shale in the basal zone forced perforation in the rich zone, Thus, a permeability-dominated steam underride(2) permits heating or the richer zone from below(3). The operating strategy and facilities at the Peace River project have been described on several occasions(4–8); in essence it consists of alternating periods of high steam injection and low production rates (pressure-up) with periods of low or no steam injecrion and high production rates (blowdown). Figure 1 shows the well patterns at the Shell Peace River Project. To the west lies the original well cluster of the pilot (PRISP) project, consisting of seven inverted seven spots, Four clusters of thirteen patterns each represent the expansion project which will be considered in this paper. The small irregular "Multisoaks" pattern remains from a previous cyclic steam pattern. While the three eastern wells of this pattern have been incorporated into cluster A, they will be excluded owing to their prior operations history.
Staphylococcal Peptidoglycan Co-Localizes with Nod2 and TLR2 and Activates Innate Immune Response via Both Receptors in Primary Murine Keratinocytes (2010)

In mammalian host cells staphylococcal peptidoglycan (PGN) is recognized by Nod2. Whether PGN is also recognized by TLR2 is disputed. Here we carried out PGN co-localization and stimulation studies with TLR2 and Nod2 in wild type and mutant host cells. To exclude contamination with lipoproteins, polymeric staphylococcal PGN (PGN(pol)) was isolated from Staphylococcus aureus Δlgt (lacking lipidated prelipoproteins). PGN(pol) was biotinylated (PGN-Bio) for fluorescence monitoring with specific antibodies. Keratinocytes from murine oral epithelium (MK) readily internalized PGN-Bio in an endocytosis-like process. In wt MK, PGN(pol) induced intracellular accumulation of Nod2 and TLR2 and co-localized with Nod2 and TLR2, but not with TLR4. In TLR2-deficient MK Nod2 and in Nod2-deficient MK TLR2 was induced, indicating that PGN(pol) recognition by Nod2 is independent of TLR2 and vice versa. In both mutants IL-6 and IL-1B release was decreased by approximately 50% compared to wt MK, suggesting that the immune responses induced by Nod2 and TLR2 are comparable and that the two receptors act additively in MK. In TLR2-transfected HEK293 cells PGN(pol) induced NFkB-promoter fused luciferase expression. To support the data, co-localization and signaling studies were carried out with SHL-PGN, a lipase protein covalently tethered to PGN-fragments of varying sizes at its C-terminus. SHL-PGN also co-localized with Nod2 or TLR2 and induced their accumulation, while SHL without PGN did not. The results show that staphylococcal PGN not only co-localizes with Nod2 but also with TLR2. PGN is able to stimulate the immune system via both receptors.
Fibronectin is produced by blood vessels in response to injury. (1982)

During the time of tissue repair that ensues subsequent to tissue injury, blood vessel wall fibronectin increases concomitantly with endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis. However, the source of this blood vessel fibronectin had not been delineated. In this report we have demonstrated that microvascular fibronectin is produced in situ by the proliferating vessels surrounding excisional wounds. This finding was established by extirpating 3 mm of skin from the center of a well-healed rat xenograph on the flanks of immunosuppressed mice, harvesting the injured skin sites at various stages during the healing process, and staining the specimens with reciprocal species-specific anti-fibronectin. The proliferating donor vessels that surrounded the wounded graft had increased fluorescence staining with FITC conjugated mouse anti-rat fibronectin and no staining with rat anti-mouse fibronectin. This finding was taken as direct evidence that the fibronectin was produced in situ by the rat vessels and not derived from circulating mouse plasma.
Identification of a domain required for oncogenic activity and transcriptional suppression by v-erbA and thyroid-hormone receptor alpha. (1993)

v-erbA, a mutated version of the chicken thyroid hormone (TH) receptor type alpha, can inhibit hormonal induction of target genes. In addition, v-erbA acts as a constitutive repressor of the basal promoter activity. In vivo, v-erbA can arrest the differentiation of erythroid precursor cells and suppresses transcription of erythrocyte-specific genes. We show that the v-erbA protein of the transformation-defective avian erythroblastosis virus mutant (AEVtd359) fails to suppress basal transcription level and exhibits impaired ability in antagonizing the TH and retinoic acid response. The inactivating mutation is a 1-nt change leading to a Pro-->Arg replacement in the "hinge region" of v-erbA protein. Introducing this mutation in the context of TH receptor alpha selectively inactivates the suppressor function, while hormone-binding and transcriptional-activation properties are unaffected. These data suggest that trans-repression rather than a dominant negative block of TH-receptor or retinoic acid-receptor activation may represent the primary molecular property underlying erbA oncogenesis.
Non-Gaussian speckle caused by rough single scale phase screens (1986)

Non-Gaussian speckle can be achieved through the scattering of monochromatic light with a small area of a random phase screen. The random screen is assumed to have a Gaussian probability phase with rms &gt;2 π rad and a lateral autocorrelation Gaussian in shape with scale parameter large compared to the rms phase. Numerical solutions for the average intensity and intensity square are presented and compared with the approximate solutions of Jakeman and McWhirter. 1 Experimental results are shown to agree with these approximations for rms phase &lt;10 rad. A computer simulation of the same experiment for phase objects up to rms phases of 50 rad gives quantitative agreement with the theory at extreme ranges of effective number of illuminated scatterers but consistently overestimates the theory for the peak of each curve in the family of phases simulated.
Useful method for the conversion of alcohols to iodides (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleUseful method for the conversion of alcohols to iodidesElias J. Corey and Jerome Elwood AndersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 12, 4160–4161Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01287a129https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01287a129research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new family of basic cysteine‐rich plant antifungal proteins from Brassicaceae species (1993)

Out of seeds of 4 Brassicaceae species, 7 antifungal proteins were isolated which are nearly identical to 2 previously characterized radish seed antifungal proteins. These basic proteins, multimers of a 5 kDa polypeptide, specifically inhibit fungal growth. One of the antifungal proteins has decreased antifungal activity and an increased antibacterial activity. In addition, the previously described antifungal activity of the radish seed 2S albumins was extended to the 2S albumins of the seeds of the 4 other Brassicaceae species. A 2S albumin-like trypsin-inhibitor from barley seeds was found to have much less activity against fungi.
Proteases and the Diabetic Foot Syndrome: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications (2005)

The diabetic foot syndrome represents a major problem in the health care of diabetic patients. Understanding the molecular basis of this disease is an important step toward a rational treatment. Due to the systemic character of diabetes, disturbances in several basic cell functions appear to contribute to impaired wound healing. Many essential processes of normal wound healing are regulated in large part by growth factors and proteases, and changes of their expression and activity are relevant for the pathogenesis of the chronic wound. This review summarizes the current status of research on diabetic foot syndrome and describes new implications for the treatment of this syndrome.

The diabetic foot syndrome is clearly one of the most important complications of diabetes. It not only occurs as a typical complication in the late stages of diabetes but also in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes (1). Despite the postulations of the St. Vincent Declaration that within 5 years the amputation rate has to be reduced by 50%, there are ∼30,000 amputations reported each year in Germany due to the diabetic foot syndrome (2–6). Greater success in reducing the diabetic foot syndrome can be achieved using structured diagnosis, classification, and therapy of diabetes (7–12). For example, chronically elevated blood glucose levels result in reduced leukocyte function and cell malnutrition, which contribute to a high rate of wound infection and associated healing problems (13,14). Due to the systemic effects of diabetes, not only do cellular abnormalities exist but interactions of growth factors and other mediators of wound healing are also impaired (15,16). Thus, understanding the cellular and molecular abnormalities that contribute to the diabetic foot syndrome will enable the rational development of treatments that will reduce the incidence and severity of this major complication of diabetes.

The physiological …
Nondestructive Testing of Concrete Structures Using the Rayleigh Wave Dispersion Method (1996)

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US Intervention in Russia 1918-1920: the Forgotten Mutiny (2014)

After Russia withdrew from WWI, the Allied nations worried about Germany relocating its eastern front forces to the western front. Britain and France both urged the United States to militarily intervene in Russia to reopen the eastern front. Although President Wilson initially ignored this proposition of the Allied nations, he reconsidered in 1918 and ordered troops to Russia. Many scholars have examined the US intervention in Russia and debated why Wilson decided to use American troops in Russia. The preoccupation among historians as to why these troops were sent to Russia has caused them to overlook the underlying reasons the intervention failed. Sparked by the alleged 1919 mutiny in North Russia, Wilson was forced to consider withdrawing troops from Russia, which eventually occurred in 1920. With the withdrawal of U.S troops, the intervention in North Russia proved to be unsuccessful because Wilson gave British commanders control over U.S. troops, he refused to send reinforcements to north Russia, and he refused to define the ultimate goal of the expeditionary force, which ultimately crippled American troop morale.
Hepatic stellate cells in liver development, regeneration, and cancer (2013)

Hepatic stellate cells are liver-specific mesenchymal cells that play vital roles in liver physiology and fibrogenesis. They are located in the space of Disse and maintain close interactions with sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic epithelial cells. It is becoming increasingly clear that hepatic stellate cells have a profound impact on the differentiation, proliferation, and morphogenesis of other hepatic cell types during liver development and regeneration. In this Review, we summarize and evaluate the recent advances in our understanding of the formation and characteristics of hepatic stellate cells, as well as their function in liver development, regeneration, and cancer. We also discuss how improved knowledge of these processes offers new perspectives for the treatment of patients with liver diseases.
Bendamustine hydrochloride in patients with refractory soft tissue sarcoma (2007)

In patients with refractory STS, bendamustine is well tolerated and appears moderately effective, particularly in patients with leiomyosarcoma histology.
New Cucurbituril Homologues:  Syntheses, Isolation, Characterization, and X-ray Crystal Structures of Cucurbit[n]uril (n = 5, 7, and 8) (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNew Cucurbituril Homologues: Syntheses, Isolation, Characterization, and X-ray Crystal Structures of Cucurbit[n]uril (n = 5, 7, and 8)Jaheon Kim, In-Sun Jung, Soo-Young Kim, Eunsung Lee, Jin-Koo Kang, Shigeru Sakamoto, Kentaro Yamaguchi, and Kimoon KimView Author Information National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Supramolecules and Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea Chemical Analysis Center, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 3, 540–541Publication Date (Web):January 8, 2000Publication History Received17 September 1999Published online8 January 2000Published inissue 1 January 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja993376phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja993376prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18853Altmetric-Citations1471LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Cavities,Crystal structure,Mixtures,Molecules Get e-Alerts
A comparison of using Taverna and BPEL in building scientific workflows: the case of caGrid (2009)

With the emergence of "service oriented science," the need arises to orchestrate multiple services to facilitate scientific investigation-that is, to create "science workflows." We present here our findings in providing a workflow solution for the caGrid service-based grid infrastructure. We choose BPEL and Taverna as candidates, and compare their usability in the lifecycle of a scientific workflow, including workflow composition, execution, and result analysis. Our experience shows that BPEL as an imperative language offers a comprehensive set of modeling primitives for workflows of all flavors; while Taverna offers a dataflow model and a more compact set of primitives that facilitates dataflow modeling and pipelined execution. We hope that this comparison study not only helps researchers select a language or tool that meets their specific needs, but also offers some insight on how a workflow language and tool can fulfill the requirement of the scientific community.
Deconvolution analysis in radionuclide quantitation of left-to-right cardiac shunts. (1979)

A poor bolus injection results in an unsatisfactory quantitative radionuclide angiocardiogram in as many as 20% of children with possible, left-to-right (L-R) cardiac shunts. Deconvolution analysis was applied to similar studies in experimental animals to determine whether dependence on the input bolus could be minimized. Repeated good-bolus, prolonged (greater than 2.5 sec), or multiple-peak injections were made in four normal dogs and seven dogs with surgically created atrial septal defects (ASD). QP/QS was determined using the gamma function. The mean QP/QS from ten good-bolus studies in each animal was used as the standard for comparison. In five trials in normal animals, where a prolonged or double-peak bolus led to a shunt calculation (QP/QS greater than 1.2 : 1), deconvolution resulted in QP/QS = 1.0. Deconvolution improved shunt quantitation in eight of ten trials in animals that received a prolonged bolus. The correlation between the reference QP/QS and the QP/QS calculated from uncorrected bad bolus studies was only 0.39 (p greater than 0.20). After deconvolution using a low pass filter, the correlation improved significantly (r = 0.77, p less than 0.01). The technique gave inconsistent results with multiple-peak bolus injections. Deconvolution analysis in these studies is useful in preventing normals from being classified as shunts, and in improving shunt quantitation after a prolonged bolus. Clinical testing of this technique in children with suspected L-R shunts seems warranted.
Urinary insulin‐like growth factor 2 identifies the presence of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (2008)

Substantiated evidence has identified IGF-2 as a valuable marker for UCB. In addition, the novel observations of the present study have shown that aberrant levels of IGF-2 occurring in the presence of UCB, can now be determined through a simple and inexpensive urine assay.
Numerous growth factors can influence in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis. (1991)

At least two classes of human megakaryocyte progenitor cells have been identified: the burst-forming unit megakaryocyte (BFU-MK) and the colony-forming unit megakaryocyte (CFU-MK). The BFU-MK is the most primitive progenitor cell committed to the megakaryocytic lineage. The CFU-MK appears to be a more differentiated megakaryocyte progenitor cell and is thought to be ultimately a descendant of the BFU-MK. A number of recombinant cytokines have recently been shown to be able to promote megakaryocyte colony formation in vitro. Recombinant GM-CSF and IL-3, in particular, have the ability to promote both CFU-MK- and BFU-MK-derived colony stimulatory formation. The activities of these two cytokines on in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis are also additive. Recent results of clinical trials in both primates and humans, in which these glycoproteins were administered in vivo, suggest that these cytokines, both alone and in combination, can enhance in vivo thrombopoiesis and therefore may be potentially useful in the treatment of thrombocytopenic disorders.
CDC6 interaction with ATR regulates activation of a replication checkpoint in higher eukaryotic cells (2010)

CDC6, a replication licensing protein, is partially exported to the cytoplasm in human cells through phosphorylation by Cdk during S phase, but a significant proportion remains in the nucleus. We report here that human CDC6 physically interacts with ATR, a crucial checkpoint kinase, in a manner that is stimulated by phosphorylation by Cdk. CDC6 silencing by siRNAs affected ATR-dependent inhibition of mitotic entry elicited by modest replication stress. Whereas a Cdk-phosphorylation-mimicking CDC6 mutant could rescue the checkpoint defect by CDC6 silencing, a phosphorylation-deficient mutant could not. Furthermore, we found that the CDC6-ATR interaction is conserved in Xenopus. We show that the presence of Xenopus CDC6 during S phase is essential for Xenopus ATR to bind to chromatin in response to replication inhibition. In addition, when human CDC6 amino acid fragment 180-220, which can bind to both human and Xenopus ATR, was added to Xenopus egg extracts after assembly of the pre-replication complex, Xenopus Chk1 phosphorylation was significantly reduced without lowering replication, probably through a sequestration of CDC6-mediated ATR-chromatin interaction. Thus, CDC6 might regulate replication-checkpoint activation through the interaction with ATR in higher eukaryotic cells.
Assignment of Endogenous Substrates to Enzymes by Global Metabolite Profiling (2004)

Enzymes regulate biological processes through the conversion of specific substrates to products. Therefore, of fundamental interest for every enzyme is the elucidation of its natural substrates. Here, we describe a general strategy for identifying endogenous substrates of enzymes by untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of tissue metabolomes from wild-type and enzyme-inactivated organisms. We use this method to discover several brain lipids regulated by the mammalian enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in vivo, including known signaling molecules (e.g., the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide) and a novel family of nervous system-enriched natural products, the taurine-conjugated fatty acids. Remarkably, the relative hydrolytic activity that FAAH exhibited for lipid metabolites in vitro was not predictive of the identity of specific FAAH substrates in vivo. Thus, global metabolite profiling establishes unanticipated connections between the proteome and metabolome that enable assignment of an enzyme's unique biochemical functions in vivo.