gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NMDA‐induced glutamate and aspartate release from rat cortical pyramidal neurones: evidence for modulation by a 5‐HT1A antagonist (1995)

1 We have investigated an aspect of the regulation of cortical pyramidal neurone activity. Microdialysis was used to assess whether topical application of drugs (in 10 μl) to fill a burr hole over the frontal cortex, where part of the corticostriatal pathway originates, would change concentrations of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in the striatum of the anaesthetized rat. 2 Topical application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 2 and 20 mM) dose-dependently increased glutamate and aspartate concentrations in the striatum. Coapplication of tetrodotoxin (10 μm) blocked the NMDA-evoked rise in these amino acids. A calcium-free medium, perfused through the probe also blocked the rise, indicating that it was due to an exocytotic mechanism in the striatum. 3 It was hypothesized that the rise observed was due to an increase in the activity of the corticostriatal pathway. As 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1a) receptors are enriched on cell bodies of corticostriatal neurones, a selective 5-HT1A-antagonist (WAY 100135) was coapplied with the lower dose of NMDA. Compared to NMDA alone, coapplication of 50 μm WAY 100135 significantly increased glutamate release. This effect was sensitive to tetrodotoxin and calcium-dependent. Application of 50 μm WAY 100135 alone significantly enhanced glutamate release above baseline; this was also tested at 100 μm (not significant). 4 Compared to NMDA alone, coapplication of WAY 100135 (20 μm) significantly enhanced aspartate release; the mean value was also increased (not significantly) with 50 μm. This rise was calcium-dependent, but not tetrodotoxin-sensitive. WAY 100135 (100 μm) reduced NMDA-induced aspartate release. Application of the drug alone had no effect on basal aspartate release. 5 Coapplication of the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OHDPAT (5 mM) with NMDA did not affect the NMDA-evoked increase in glutamate and aspartate. 6 Topical application of high potassium (100 mM) to the surface of the cortex did not result in a detectable rise in striatal glutamate or aspartate. 7 Perfusion of WAY 100135 (tested at 50 μm) through the dialysis probe did not affect glutamate or aspartate concentrations. 8 It was concluded that a selective 5-HT1A-antagonist can increase the activity of corticostriatal pyramidal neurones. As in Alzheimer's disease hypoactivity of pyramidal neurones almost certainly exists, a selective 5-HT1A-antagonist may be potentially useful in the treatment of the cognitive symptoms of this disease.
Study and prototyping of practically large-scale mmWave antenna systems for 5G cellular devices (2014)

This article discusses the challenges, benefits and approaches associated with realizing largescale antenna arrays at mmWave frequency bands for future 5G cellular devices. Key design considerations are investigated to deduce a novel and practical phased array antenna solution operating at 28 GHz with near spherical coverage. The approach is further evolved into a first-of- a-kind cellular phone prototype equipped with mmWave 5G antenna arrays consisting of a total of 32 low-profile antenna elements. Indoor measurements are carried out using the presented prototype to characterize the proposed mmWave antenna system using 16-QAM modulated signals with 27.925 GHz carrier frequency. The biological implications due to the absorbed electromagnetic waves when using mmWave cellular devices are studied and compared in detail with those of 3/4G cellular devices.
Feline sarcoma‐related protein expression correlates with malignant aggressiveness and poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma (2013)

Feline sarcoma-related protein (Fer) is a ubiquitously expressed non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase associated with proliferation in various cancer cells. However, no reports have described the pathological roles and prognostic value of Fer expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We investigated Fer expression in three RCC cell lines (ACHN, Caki-1, and Caki-2) and in normal tubule cells (HK-2) by immunoblotting. Fer expression was highest in ACHN cells, with Caki-1 showing intermediate levels and Caki-2 showing low levels, and was undetectable in HK-2. RNA interference was therefore used to assess the effects of Fer knockdown in ACHN. Knockdown of Fer expression was found to inhibit RCC cell proliferation and colony formation. Immunohistochemical analysis of 131 human RCC tissues (110 conventional, 11 chromophobe, and 10 papillary) investigated relationships between Fer expression and clinicopathological features, including cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and prognostic value for survival. In human tissues, Fer expression was significantly higher in cancer cells than in normal tubules. In addition, expression levels correlated with cancer cell proliferation, but not with apoptosis. Multivariate analysis indicated associations of Fer expression with pT stage, tumor grade, and metastasis (P < 0.001). Fer expression was also prognostic for cause-specific survival according to multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 3.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-14.84, P = 0.047). Fer expression correlates with RCC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, and with tumor progression and survival. This represents useful information for discussing the pathological and clinical significance of Fer in RCC.
Enhanced Chemical Separation by Freestanding CNT–Polyamide/Imide Nanofilm Synthesized at the Vapor–Liquid Interface (2018)

In chemical separation, thin membranes exhibit high selectivity, but often require a support at the expense of permeance. Here, we report a pinhole-free polymeric layer synthesized within freestanding carbon nanotube buckypaper through vapor-liquid interfacial polymerization (VLIP). The VLIP process results in thin, smooth and uniform polyamide and imide films. The scaffold reinforces the nanofilm, defines the membrane thickness, and introduces an additional transport mechanism. Our membranes exhibit superior gas selectivity and osmotic semipermeability. Plasticization resistance and high permeance in hydrocarbon separation together with a considerable improvement in water-salt permselectivity highlight their potential as new membrane architecture for chemical separation.
A new chromone and flavone synthesis and its utilization for the synthesis of potentially antitumorigenic polycyclic chromones and flavones (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new chromone and flavone synthesis and its utilization for the synthesis of potentially antitumorigenic polycyclic chromones and flavonesRonald G. Harvey, Jung Tai Hahn, Maria Bukowska, and Henry JacksonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 25, 6161–6166Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00312a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1153Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (832 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Hydrophoretic Sorting of Micrometer and Submicrometer Particles Using Anisotropic Microfluidic Obstacles (2008)

We describe a hydrophoretic device that uses rotational flows induced by regularly patterned obstacles only on the top wall for preparing samples of biological particles, including micrometer and submicrometer particles, and DNA molecules. Many of the current continuous separation devices based on physical fields are limited to the separation of cells and micrometer-sized particles due to their dependence on a particle volume, and the purely hydrodynamic separation of macromolecules such as DNA or protein complexes remains a challenge. Hydrophoresis is entirely based on hydrodynamics using rotational flows induced by anisotropic obstacles. Different sizes of micrometer and submicrometer beads, as well as DNA molecules, were separated into distinct trajectories using two kinds of hindrance mechanisms. Continuous separation of these particles was achieved using the obstacles, demonstrating the potential of hydrophoresis for biological sample preparation on the micro- and nanoscales, with the advantages of continuous flow and sheathless passive operation.
Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Factor VIII (Recombinate) Using One-stage Clotting and Chromogenic Factor VIII Assay (1999)

In a study designed to demonstrate the safety and pharmacokinetics of a recombinant factor VIII (Recombinate) manufactured in Andover, MA and Thousand Oaks, CA, two different methods of factor VIII assay (one-stage clotting and Chromogenic substrate) were compared in vivo. The study was performed in four centres in the UK: London, Oxford, Cardiff and Manchester. Two pharmacokinetic studies, at least one week apart, were performed in 30 patients with severe haemophilia A (VIII:C < 2 IU/dl). A dose of 50 IU/kg was administered with sampling pre-infusion, and +0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h post-infusion. The aggregate 60 pharmacokinetic study showed a half-life of 12.7 and 13.0 h (p = 0.28) and recovery of 127 and 161 IU/dl (p = 0.0001) using one-stage clotting or chromogenic substrate respectively. In a supplementary experiment, 20 post-infusion samples were re-assayed by 1-stage and chromogenic assay using two plasma (20th British plasma standard and an "in-house" pooled normal plasma) and two concentrate standards, derived from the same type, but different batch of infused concentrate (Recombinate) and pre-diluted in either individual pre-infusion sample or in pooled commercial haemophilic plasma. The use of the Recombinate concentrate standard overcame the significant difference in FVIII levels between 1-stage and chromogenic assay methods when a plasma standard was used (p <0.0001). It is concluded that where potency dosing designation is carried out by an assay system different to that used in the clinical situation, the use of the recombinant concentrate as a standard in post-infusion plasma samples is likely to give more reliable and reproducible results.
False-Positive Plasma Genotyping Due to Clonal Hematopoiesis (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) genotyping is increasingly used in cancer care, but assay accuracy has been debated. Because most cfDNA is derived from peripheral blood cells (PBC), we hypothesized that nonmalignant mutations harbored by hematopoietic cells (clonal hematopoiesis, CH) could be a cause of false-positive plasma genotyping.<b>Experimental Design:</b> We identified patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with <i>KRAS, JAK2</i>, or <i>TP53</i> mutations identified in cfDNA. With consent, PBC DNA was tested using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) or next-generation sequencing (NGS) to test for CH-derived mutations.<b>Results:</b> We first studied plasma ddPCR results from 58 patients with <i>EGFR</i>-mutant NSCLC. Two had <i>KRAS</i> G12X detected in cfDNA, and both were present in PBC, including one where the <i>KRAS</i> mutation was detected serially for 20 months. We then studied 143 plasma NGS results from 122 patients with NSCLC and identified 5 <i>JAK2</i> V617F mutations derived from PBC. In addition, 108 <i>TP53</i> mutations were detected in cfDNA; for 33 of the <i>TP53</i> mutations, PBC and tumor NGS were available for comparison, and 5 were present in PBC but absent in tumor, consistent with CH.<b>Conclusions:</b> We find that most <i>JAK2</i> mutations, some <i>TP53</i> mutations, and rare <i>KRAS</i> mutations detected in cfDNA are derived from CH not tumor. Clinicians ordering plasma genotyping must be prepared for the possibility that mutations detected in plasma, particularly in genes mutated in CH, may not represent true tumor genotype. Efforts to use plasma genotyping for cancer detection may need paired PBC genotyping so that CH-derived mutations are not misdiagnosed as occult malignancy. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4437-43. ©2018 AACR</i><i>See related commentary by Bauml and Levy, p. 4352</i>.
Hemin-Stimulated Docking of Cytochrome c to a Hemin−DNA Aptamer Complex (2002)

DNA aptamers were selected for their ability to bind simultaneously to the protein cytochrome c and to the metalloporphyrin hemin. Such aptamers each contained a conserved guanine-rich core, analogous to sequences shown previously to form a hemin-binding site when folded. The detailed study of CH6A, a deletion mutant of one clone, indicated that in the presence of hemin the guanine-rich core of the aptamer folded to form a guanine quadruplex. Both hemin and potassium ions were required for this folding. The binding of fully oxidized cytochrome c to this DNA-hemin complex resulted in an absorbance difference spectrum in the Soret region, which could be used as an indicator of binding behavior. It was found that cytochrome c bound more tightly to the folded CH6A DNA-hemin complex than to the folded CH6A DNA alone. A single hemin molecule and a single cytochrome c bound to each molecule of folded CH6A. Footprinting experiments showed the binding site of the cytochrome c to be a partial duplex element of the aptamer, immediately flanking its guanine-rich hemin-binding site. The order of addition of hemin and cytochrome c appeared not to affect either the formation rate or the structure of the final ternary complex. The ternary complex represents the docking of a nucleic acid-heme complex to cytochrome c (a protein-heme complex). Future experiments will focus on investigating the optimal electron-transfer path between the two iron centers through intervening protein and DNA.
Macrophage colony‐stimulating factor enhances rituximab‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity by monocytes (2007)

Recent studies suggest that monocytes are the dominant effectors by which rituximab induces cell death in B-cell lymphoma. Because macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) can enhance the cytotoxicity of monocytes, the authors examined whether this growth factor can enhance their ability to kill lymphoma cells in vitro. Monocytes derived from a healthy volunteer were cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of M-CSF. Monocytes stimul ated with M-CSF were significantly more cytotoxic to Daudi B-cell lymphomas than unstimulated monocytes. Flow cytometry revealed that M-CSF increased monocyte expression of Fcgamma receptors III and I by 1.6- and 1.5-fold, whereas the expression of Fcgamma receptor II remained unchanged. These results suggest that pretreatment with M-CSF can improve the therapeutic efficacy of rituximab against intractable CD20(+) lymphoma.
Emerging Trends in the Epidemiology of Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease in England and Wales, 1991–2010 (2013)

Although risk of invasive GBS infection remains highest within the first few days of life, the relative burden of disease is shifting toward adults. The rise in incidence and antibiotic resistance makes development of an effective and safe vaccine all the more pressing.
Deep unsupervised cardinality estimation (2019)

Cardinality estimation has long been grounded in statistical tools for density estimation. To capture the rich multivariate distributions of relational tables, we propose the use of a new type of high-capacity statistical model: deep autoregressive models. However, direct application of these models leads to a limited estimator that is prohibitively expensive to evaluate for range or wildcard predicates. To produce a truly usable estimator, we develop a Monte Carlo integration scheme on top of autoregressive models that can efficiently handle range queries with dozens of dimensions or more. Like classical synopses, our estimator summarizes the data without supervision. Unlike previous solutions, we approximate the joint data distribution without any independence assumptions. Evaluated on real-world datasets and compared against real systems and dominant families of techniques, our estimator achieves single-digit multiplicative error at tail, an up to 90x accuracy improvement over the second best method, and is space- and runtime-efficient.
Synthesis and antiarrhythmic activity of new benzofuran derivatives (1981)

Various 5-aminobenzofuran derivatives were prepared from khellin and screened intravenously in the dog for their potential antiarrhythmic activity against ouabain-induced ventricular arrhythmia and in the Harris test. From systematic structural variations it was found that two methoxy groups in positions 4 and 7 on the benzofuran ring, a tertiary aminoethoxy side chain in position 6, and a N-methylurea group in position 5 led to the most active compounds. These were then tested orally in the Harris test in the dog. The two long-acting derivatives N-[4,7-dimethoxy-6-(2-pyrrolidinoethoxy)-5-benzofuranyl]-N'-methylurea (8j) and N-[4,7-dimethoxy-6-(2-piperidinoethoxy)-5-benzofuranyl]-N'-methylurea (8m) showed advantages when compared to quinidine and disopyramide and have been selected for further studies.
MHC‐Linked Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes in the NOD Mouse (2006)

Abstract: Although major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐linked susceptibility is the strongest component, recent studies demonstrated that MHC‐linked susceptibility to type 1 diabetes consists of multiple components both in humans and non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. In the NOD mouse, Idd16 has been mapped to the region adjacent to, but distinct from Idd1 in the MHC class II region. Establishment of subcongenic NOD.CTS ‐H2 lines that possess the same MHC class II as the NOD mouse but non‐NOD‐derived chromosomal region in its adjacent regions, would facilitate further narrowing down of the localization of Idd16 .
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis (2002)

HAIC using low-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil may be a useful therapeutic option for patients with advanced HCC with PVTT. HCC patients with PVTT who respond to HAIC could certainly have survival benefits.
Preclinical Evaluation of Microneedle Technology for Intradermal Delivery of Influenza Vaccines (2007)

Recent clinical studies have suggested that, for certain strains of influenza virus, intradermal (i.d.) delivery may enable protective immune responses using a lower dose of vaccine than required by intramuscular (i.m.) injection. Here, we describe the first preclinical use of microneedle technology for i.d. administration of three different types of influenza vaccines: (i) a whole inactivated influenza virus, (ii) a trivalent split-virion human vaccine, and (iii) a plasmid DNA encoding the influenza virus hemagglutinin. In a rat model, i.d. delivery of the whole inactivated virus provided up to 100-fold dose sparing compared to i.m. injection. In addition, i.d. delivery of the trivalent human vaccine enabled at least 10-fold dose sparing for the H1N1 strain and elicited levels of response across the dose range similar to those of i.m. injection for the H3N2 and B strains. Furthermore, at least fivefold dose sparing from i.d. delivery was evident in animals treated with multiple doses of DNA plasmid vaccine, although such effects were not apparent after the first immunization. Altogether, the results demonstrate that microneedle-based i.d. delivery elicits antibody responses that are at least as strong as via i.m. injection and that, in many cases, dose sparing can be achieved by this new immunization method.
4.8 A Highly Linear Super-Resolution Mixed-Signal Doherty Power Amplifier for High-Efficiency mm-Wave 5G Multi-Gb/s Communications (2019)

As the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) spectrum is believed to drive the next wireless communication revolution, there is a growing need for architectural research on advanced transmitter (TX) or power amplifier (PA) that can radically push the performance envelope of mm-wave power amplification to the next level [1]. This is especially true for future mm-wave 5G deployment that extensively employs high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) waveforms and poses demanding TXs/PAs requirements, including linearity, peak efficiency, power back-off (PBO) efficiency, and capability of supporting multi-Gb/s modulation [2-7].
The Effects of GLP-1 on Insulin Release in Young and Old Rats in the Fasting State and During an Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (1997)

Glucose intolerance is a common feature of the aging process, and aging per se is an etiologic factor for Type II diabetes mellitus. To characterize the beta cell abnormalities that occur with aging, we looked at the serum glucose and insulin levels of six young (3-month) and six old (22-month) Wistar rats at 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after an intravenous glucose load (IVGTT, 0.5 g/kg glucose). We found that the fasting glucose and insulin levels were not significantly different between young and old rats. However, peak glucose levels were significantly higher in the old (349 +/- 10 mg/dl) compared to the young (250 +/- 7 mg/dl) animals (p < .0001). Insulin levels in the young animals peaked at 2 minutes (859 +/- 171 pmol/l) with a quick return toward fasting levels by 7 minutes. The old animals had a delayed and blunted insulin response to glucose, achieving lower peak insulin levels (656 +/- 164 pmol/l) 7 minutes after the glucose load. As insulin levels are also positively modulated by incretin hormones, we quantitated the fasting insulin responses of young and old animals to .05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.5 nmol/kg intravenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), the most potent incretin known. Insulin responses were similar in both age groups, with maximum insulin responses seen at 0.4 nmol/kg. GLP-1, in conjunction with the IVGTT, restored the acute insulin response to glucose and increased the clearance of glucose in the old animals. It therefore appears that old animals have an impaired glucose-mediated insulin release but maintain their insulin responsivity to GLP-1. This makes it a likely candidate in the treatment of Type II diabetes.
AdaComp : Adaptive Residual Gradient Compression for Data-Parallel Distributed Training (2018)

Highly distributed training of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on future compute platforms (offering 100 of TeraOps/s of computational capacity) is expected to be severely communication constrained. To overcome this limitation, new gradient compression techniques are needed that are computationally friendly, applicable to a wide variety of layers seen in Deep Neural Networks and adaptable to variations in network architectures as well as their hyper-parameters. In this paper we introduce a novel technique - the Adaptive Residual Gradient Compression (AdaComp) scheme. AdaComp is based on localized selection of gradient residues and automatically tunes the compression rate depending on local activity. We show excellent results on a wide spectrum of state of the art Deep Learning models in multiple domains (vision, speech, language), datasets (MNIST, CIFAR10, ImageNet, BN50, Shakespeare), optimizers (SGD with momentum, Adam) and network parameters (number of learners, minibatch-size etc.). Exploiting both sparsity and quantization, we demonstrate end-to-end compression rates of ∼200× for fully-connected and recurrent layers, and ∼40× for convolutional layers, without any noticeable degradation in model accuracies.