gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Marine Origin Collagens and Its Potential Applications (2014)

Collagens are the most abundant high molecular weight proteins in both invertebrate and vertebrate organisms, including mammals, and possess mainly a structural role, existing different types according with their specific organization in distinct tissues. From this, they have been elected as one of the key biological materials in tissue regeneration approaches. Also, industry is constantly searching for new natural sources of collagen and upgraded methodologies for their production. The most common sources are from bovine and porcine origin, but other ways are making their route, such as recombinant production, but also extraction from marine organisms like fish. Different organisms have been proposed and explored for collagen extraction, allowing the sustainable production of different types of collagens, with properties depending on the kind of organism (and their natural environment) and extraction methodology. Such variety of collagen properties has been further investigated in different ways to render a wide range of applications. The present review aims to shed some light on the contribution of marine collagens for the scientific and technological development of this sector, stressing the opportunities and challenges that they are and most probably will be facing to assume a role as an alternative source for industrial exploitation.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconocene(iso‐butyl) Chloride: In situ Generation of a Zirconocene( methyl) Chloride Equivalent for Use in Organic Synthesis. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A 2.4 Gb/s/pin simultaneous bidirectional parallel link with per-pin skew compensation (2000)

This paper describes voltage and timing margins and design trade-offs in low-cost parallel links. Results from a transceiver prototype demonstrate that per-pin skew compensation improves timing margins in these parallel links and can be implemented with reasonable cost overhead. Single-ended and simultaneous bidirectional links are viable alternatives to the traditional differential and unidirectional systems-these links require fewer pins and wires for the same bandwidth, and the additional noise sources, while significant, can be managed by careful circuit and package design.
Impacts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on the microbial landscape of the New Orleans area (2007)

Floodwaters in New Orleans from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita were observed to contain high levels of fecal indicator bacteria and microbial pathogens, generating concern about long-term impacts of these floodwaters on the sediment and water quality of the New Orleans area and Lake Pontchartrain. We show here that fecal indicator microbe concentrations in offshore waters from Lake Pontchartrain returned to prehurricane concentrations within 2 months of the flooding induced by these hurricanes. Vibrio and Legionella species within the lake were more abundant in samples collected shortly after the floodwaters had receded compared with samples taken within the subsequent 3 months; no evidence of a long-term hurricane-induced algal bloom was observed. Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in canal waters. Elevated levels of fecal indicator bacteria observed in sediment could not be solely attributed to impacts from floodwaters, as both flooded and nonflooded areas exhibited elevated levels of fecal indicator bacteria. Evidence from measurements of Bifidobacterium and bacterial diversity analysis suggest that the fecal indicator bacteria observed in the sediment were from human fecal sources. Epidemiologic studies are highly recommended to evaluate the human health effects of the sediments deposited by the floodwaters.
Quantitative Determination of Bucindolol Concentration in Intact Gel Capsules Using Raman Spectroscopy (1998)

The ideal quality control method for pharmaceutical products should be capable of rapid nondestructive testing of intact tablets or capsules. Raman spectroscopy using near-infrared excitation is shown to be capable of obtaining useful spectral data directly from drug formulations in gel capsules and from the gel capsules inside blister packs. The Raman data collected from the capsules inside blister packs containing 0-100 mg of the active ingredient (bucindolol), when coupled with multivariate calibration, resulted in a calibration SEP of 3.36 mg. The largest source of error was found to be due to sample inhomogeneity. Even so, the method is shown to have significant potential as a rapid nondestructive quality control method for pharmaceutical samples.
Brilliant Blue FCF as a Dye Tracer for Solute Transport Studies—A Toxicological Overview (1994)

Brilliant Blue FCF (C.I. 42090) was found to be a useful dye tracer to stain the flow paths of water in soil media. Being neutral or anionic, it is not strongly adsorbed by negatively charged soil constituents. The dye is used in food because its general toxicity is low. However, to stain the flow paths of water in soil, fairly large concentrations are required to ensure good visibility of the tracer. Therefore, toxic effects cannot be entirely excluded, and assessing the environmental risk is a necessity, especially when field research is conducted in an environmental context. A literature review was carried out to compile data on Brilliant Blue FCF toxicity. The literature suggests that there is no carcinogenicity or mutagenicity to rodents. Brilliant Blue FCF does not accumulate in plants or animals, but degrades slowly in the environment. From the toxicological point of view the dye can be considered as a suitable and environmentally acceptable tracer for studying solute transport in soil, especially in the field.
Extra Neurofilament NF-L Subunits Rescue Motor Neuron Disease Caused by Overexpression of the Human NF-H Gene in Mice (1999)

Previous studies demonstrated that transgenic mice overexpressing human neurofilament heavy (hNF-H) protein develop a progressive motor neuron disease characterized by the perikaryal accumulations of neurofilaments resembling those found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To further investigate this neurofilament-induced pathology, we generated transgenic mice expressing, solely or concomitantly, the hNF-H and the human neurofilament light (hNF-L) proteins. We report here that the motor neuron disease caused by excess hNF-H proteins can be rescued by overexpression of hNF-L in a dosage-dependent fashion. In hNF-H transgenic mice, the additional hNF-L led to reduction of perikaryal swellings, relief of axonal transport defect and restoration of axonal radial growth. A gene delivery approach based on recombinant adenoviruses bearing the hNF-L gene also demonstrated the possibility to reduce perikaryal swellings after their formation in adult mice. The finding that extra NF-L can protect against NF-H-mediated pathogenesis is of potential importance for ALS, particularly for cases with NF-H abnormalities.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Hospitalization for Heart Failure, Cardiovascular Events, and Death (2015)

Diabetes mellitus substantially increases the risk of death, ischemic events, and heart failure. Patients with both diabetes mellitus and heart failure are at particularly elevated risk of cardiovascular death, highlighting the need for additional therapies in this high-risk population.
Reduction in Pain Associated with Open Carpal Tunnel Decompression (2000)

Patients treated by open carpal tunnel decompression under local anaesthetic experience significant pain with the introduction of local anaesthetic before operation. A prospective double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial was carried out to assess whether this pain could be reduced with the pre-application of a topical lignocaine-prilocaine anaesthetic cream. Nineteen patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral operations were studied. Pain, measured with a visual analogue scale, was significantly reduced on the sides treated with anaesthetic cream. On a four point verbal scale the rating on the placebo side was "moderate" or "severe", compared to "mild" on the anaesthetic cream side. The reduction in pain was greater in women, possibly due to a relatively thinner dermis. There were no adverse effects.
Privileged Structures as Leads in Medicinal Chemistry (2005)

Among the strategies that can lead to the discovery of new drugs, the identification and use of privileged structures, molecular fragments that are able to interact with more than one target, gained particular attention, in an attempt to find new drugs in a shorter time with respect to other strategies. These structures, that have been identified mainly by empirical observations, can target only a given protein family, or can be able to interact with more, unrelated targets. This review deals with structures not covered in recent papers on this topic, and emphasizes the importance of understanding the structure-target relationships, that confer the privileged status. Keywords: Privileged structures, drug discovery, carbohydrates, benzodiazepines, biphenyls, pyrrolinones
Taxa of the Nasal Microbiome Are Associated with Influenza-Specific IgA Response to Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (2016)

Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) has demonstrated varying levels of efficacy against seasonal influenza; however, LAIV may be used as a tool to measure interactions between the human microbiome and a live, replicating virus. To increase our knowledge of this interaction, we measured changes to the nasal microbiome in subjects who received LAIV to determine if associations between influenza-specific IgA production and the nasal microbiome exist after immunization with a live virus vaccine. The anterior nares of 47 healthy subjects were swabbed pre- (Day 0) and post- (Days 7 and 28) LAIV administration, and nasal washes were conducted on Days 0 and 28. We performed next-generation sequencing on amplified 16s rRNA genes and measured mucosal influenza-specific IgA titers via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A significant increase in alpha diversity was identified (Observed, CHAO, and ACE) between Days 7 vs 0 (p-values = 0.017, 0.005, 0.005, respectively) and between Days 28 vs 0 (p-values = 0.054, 0.030, 0.050, respectively). Several significant associations between the presence of different microbial species, including Lactobacillus helveticus, Prevotella melaninogenica, Streptococcus infantis, Veillonella dispar, and Bacteroides ovatus, and influenza-specific H1 and H3 IgA antibody response were demonstrated. These data suggest that LAIV alters the nasal microbiome, allowing several less-abundant OTUs to establish a community niche. Additionally, specific alterations in the nasal microbiome are significantly associated with variations in influenza-specific IgA antibody production and could be clinically relevant.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control of the Selective Localization of Carbon Black at the Interface of Immiscible Polymer Blends (1998)

Several strategies are reported that allow carbon black (CB) particles to be selectively localized at the interface of polyethylene/polystyrene (PE/PS) blends used as models of two-phase polyblends. A first general approach relies upon a kinetic control, i.e., the choice of such processing conditions that the CB particles are “immobilized” at the polyblend interface at least for a workable period of time. The dry premixing of the two powdery polymers and CB particles followed by compression molding is the first valuable kinetic control. A second one can be implemented during the melt blending of the immiscible polymers, which makes this strategy more attractive. Actually, CB is first dispersed in the melted polymer with which it less strongly interacts. Upon the addition and melting of the second polymer, CB particles are thermodynamically driven to this second polymer phase. The conducting particles are observed to accumulate at the polyblend interface at a rate and for a period of time that depend on the rheology of the polyblend under the processing conditions. The thermodynamically controlled localization of the CB particles at the two-phase polyblend interface is certainly the most efficient strategy, even though it is not the most general one. In this respect, CB particles have been oxidized in such a way that they cover a large range of pH. Depending on this surface property, the CB particles are spontaneously localized either in one polymer phase or at the interface. Actually, the selective localization of the CB particles changes from the PS phase to the interface and finally to the PE phase, when the pH of these particles is increased from 2.4 to 7.0.The selective localization of the CB particles at the polyblend interface is most interesting when the polymer phases are co-continuous, since then the conducting particles can percolate at a volume fraction as small as 0.002−0.003. Furthermore, this selective modification of the polyblend interface improves the stability of the phase morphology against coalescence when the material is annealed.
Inhibitory Effect of .BETA.-Carotene and Astaxanthin on Photosensitized Oxidation of Phospholipid Bilayers. (1993)

Large unilamellar liposomes comprising of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) was exposed to photoirradiation in the presence of methylene blue (water-soluble photosensitizer) or 12-(1-pyrene)dodecanoic acid (P-12, lipid-soluble photosensitizer) to estimate the inhibitory effect of beta-carotene and astaxanthin on photosensitized oxidation of phospholipid bilayers. Without sensitizers, astaxanthin decreased much slower than beta-carotene and other hydrocarbon carotenoids (lycopene, alpha-carotene). Astaxanthin lasted longer than beta-carotene even in the presence of methylene blue or P-12. Decrease of astaxanthin was also much slower than that of beta-carotene when egg yolk PC was replaced by dimyristoyl PC. However, inhibitory effect of astaxanthin was lower than beta-carotene in the case of P-12 sensitized photooxidation. These results suggest that effectiveness of carotenoids as antioxidants on photosensitized oxidation (Type II) in phospholipid bilayers depends on the site of singlet oxygen to be generated, as well as their stability on photoirradiation.
A Novel, High-Throughput Workflow for Discovery and Identification of Serum Carrier Protein-Bound Peptide Biomarker Candidates in Ovarian Cancer Samples (2007)

This workflow system using a highly reproducible, high-resolution MALDI-TOF platform enables rapid enrichment and profiling of large numbers of clinical samples for discovery of ion signatures and integration of direct sequencing and identification of the ions without need for additional offline, time-consuming purification strategies.
Proliferative Activity In Vitro and DNA Repair Indicate that Adult Mouse and Human Sertoli Cells Are Not Terminally Differentiated, Quiescent Cells1 (2009)

Sertoli cells isolated from the adult mouse and human testis resume proliferation in culture. After 20 days of culture in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium/Ham F12 (DMEM/F12) medium containing 5%% fetal calf serum, about 36%% of the mouse Sertoli cells, identified by their immunohistochemical staining for the Sertoli cell marker vimentin, incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). The renewed proliferation was associated with a 70%% decrease in expression of the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1B (P27(kip1)) and a 2-fold increase in the levels of the proliferation inducer ID2. In vivo, the balance between cell cycle inhibitors and inducers probably is such that the cells remain quiescent, whereas in culture the balance is disturbed such that Sertoli cells start to proliferate again. The renewed proliferative activity of Sertoli cells in culture was further confirmed by double staining for BrdU and the Sertoli cell marker clusterin (CLU), showing about 25%% of the CLU-positive Sertoli cells to be also positive for BrdU after 13 days of culture. Radiobiologically, Sertoli cells are also different from other quiescent somatic cells in the testis because they express several DNA repair proteins (XRCC1, PARP1, and others). Indeed, a comet assay on irradiated Sertoli cells revealed a 70%% reduction in tail length and tail moment at 20 h after irradiation. Hence, Sertoli cells repair DNA damage, whereas other quiescent somatic testicular cells do not. This repair may be accomplished by nonhomologous end joining via XRCC1 and PARP1. In conclusion, cell kinetic and radiobiological data indicate that Sertoli cells more resemble arrested proliferating cells than the classic postmitotic and terminally differentiated somatic cells that they have always been assumed to be.
Evolutionary Relationship Between HLA‐DR Antigen β‐Chains, HLA‐A, B, C Antigen Subunits and Immunoglobulin Chains (1981)

cDNA for a beta-chain of HLA-DR antigens was cloned and the partial nucleotide sequence was determined. The data suggest that the beta-chain consists of approximately 230 amino acids, of which about 200 are exposed on the cell surface. The beta-chain appears to be composed of two exposed disulphide-containing domains. The arrangement of the disulphide loops suggests that the beta-chain is similar in structure to the HLA-A, B, C antigen subunits and the immunoglobulin chains. For the beta-chain domain closest to the membrane this similarity was verified at the level of primary structure. The partial amino acid sequence of the NH2-terminal domain did not display any apparent homology to HLA-A, B, C antigens and immunoglobulins. However, the similarity established here between the two types of major histocompatibility antigen subunits and the immunoglobulin chains suggests a common ancestral origin for at least some regions of these molecules.
Vascular Cell Senescence Contributes to Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown (2016)

Our results indicate that accumulation of senescent vascular cells is associated with compromised BBB integrity, providing insights into the mechanism of BBB disruption related to biological aging.
Wood hydrolysis by Cellulomonas fimi endoglucanase and exoglucanase coexpressed as secreted enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1988)

Wood Hydrolysis by Cellulomonas Fimi Endoglucanase and Exogiucanase Coexpressed as Secreted Enzymes in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Protein crystals for the delivery of biopharmaceuticals (2004)

The year 2002 marked the 20th anniversary of the first successful product of modern biotechnology, the regulatory approval of recombinant insulin for biopharmaceutical applications. Insulin is also the first crystalline protein to be approved for therapeutic use. Over the past two decades, almost 150 biopharmaceuticals have gained marketing authorisation; however, insulin remains the only crystalline protein on the market. Significant research and development efforts have focused on the engineering of protein molecules, efficacy testing, model development, and protein production and characterisation. These advances have dramatically boosted the therapeutic applications of proteins, which now include treatments against acute conditions, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and viral disease, and chronic conditions, such as diabetes, growth hormone deficiency, haemophilia, arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn's disease. Despite these successes, many challenges normally associated with biopharmaceuticals, such as poor stability and limited delivery options, remain. Protein crystals have shown significant benefits in the delivery of biopharmaceuticals to achieve high concentration, low viscosity formulation and controlled release protein delivery. This review will discuss challenges related to the broader utilisation of protein crystals in biopharmaceutical applications, as well as recent advances and valuable new directions that protein crystallisation-based technologies present.
Redox‐dependent signal transduction (2000)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide appear to be transiently produced in response to growth factor and cytokine stimulation. A variety of evidence suggests that this ligand-stimulated change in the cellular redox state participates in downstream signal transduction. This review will focus on the effects of ROS on signal transduction pathways, the molecules that regulate intracellular ROS production and the potential protein targets of oxidants.
Redox-Dependent Surface Tension and Surface Phase Transitions of a Ferrocenyl Surfactant:  Equilibrium and Dynamic Analyses with Fluorescence Images (2003)

The surface tension data for the surfactant Fc−CH2−N+(CH3)2−(CH2)14CH3−Br- (where Fc represents the ferrocenium cation) display the signatures of a surface gaseous−surface liquid expanded transition with binodals that depend on the oxidization state of the Fc headgroup. The phase transition is imaged using fluorescence microscopy. The equilibrium and dynamic surface tension data (obtained by the pendant bubble method) are analyzed in terms of an equilibrium model that accounts for surface phase transitions and electrostatic interactions and a dynamic model that accounts for the mass transfer kinetics of surfactant adsorption to the interface. The dynamic surface tension of the reduced form of the surfactant is controlled by bulk diffusion to the interface. The dynamic surface tension of the oxidized form of the surfactant is diffusion-controlled at dilute concentrations, but not at more elevated concentrations where adsorption−desorption barriers are important. The kinetic constants are determined from these data, yielding an adsorption kinetic constant β = 9.2 × 10-1 m3/(mol s) and a corresponding desorption kinetic constant α = 1.9 × 10-6 s-1. This value for β is similar to those found for poly-ethoxylated surfactants, but the desorption kinetic constant is slower, indicating that desorption of this surfactant is highly hindered.
Redistribution and dysfunction of integrins in cultured renal epithelial cells exposed to oxidative stress (1993)

Tubular obstruction by detached renal tubular epithelial cells is a major cause of oliguria in acute renal failure. Viable renal tubular cells can be recovered from urine of patients with acute tubular necrosis, suggesting a possible defect in cell adhesion to the basement membrane. To study this process of epithelial cell desquamation in vitro, we investigated the effect of nonlethal oxidative stress on the integrin adhesion receptors of the primate kidney epithelial cell line BS-C-1. Morphological and functional studies of cell adhesion properties included the following: interference reflection microscopy, intravital confocal microscopy and immunocytochemistry, flow cytometric analysis of integrin receptor abundance, and cell-matrix attachment assay. High levels of the integrin subunits alpha 3, alpha v, and beta 1 were detected on the cell surface by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, as well as lower levels of alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 4, alpha 5, alpha 6, and beta 3. Exposure of BS-C-1 cells to nonlethal oxidative stress resulted in the disruption of focal contacts, disappearance of talin from the basal cell surface, and in the redistribution of integrin alpha 3-subunits from predominantly basal location to the apical cell surface. As measured in a quantitative cell attachment assay, oxidative stress decreased BS-C-1 cell adhesion to type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and vitronectin. Defective adhesion was not associated with a loss of alpha 3-, alpha 4-, or alpha v-integrin subunits from the cell surface.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)