gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monodisperse Thioether-Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity (2007)

Size control of monodisperse palladium nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 1.7 to 3.5 nm was accomplished using thioethers as stabilizing ligands, in a one-step procedure. Modulation of the reaction temperature, reaction time, solvent, and carbon chain length of the thioether provided control over the nanoparticle size and size distribution. The resulting Pd nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 1H NMR spectroscopy provided insight into the thioether−Pd nanoparticle surface interaction. To demonstrate the catalytic activity of the thioether-stabilized Pd nanoparticles, hydrogenation reactions were carried out using the as-synthesized Pd nanoparticles. We observed a trend in the reactivity of the nanoparticles with respect to their size, however, recovery of the nanoparticles following subsequent reactions was rather challenging. Immobilization of the Pd nanoparticles onto commercial SiO2 resulted in rapid and efficient catalysis, successful recovery of the Pd nanoparticles, and furthermore, the nanoparticles could be used up to 8 times with no measurable decrease in catalytic activity. This work demonstrates the utility of thioether ligands for the synthesis of monodisperse Pd nanoparticles that are efficient catalysts for various organic transformations.
Customized Checkerboard Test Structures to Localize Interconnection Point Defects (1997)

To localize point defects that occur inside numerous interconnection layers, a multilevel Checkerboard Test Structure is presented. Here, the large defect sensitive area inside boundary pads is divided into many distinguishable subchips. To provide test structure data that reflect yield of product chips, each subchip layout will be customized to real circuit designs of product chips. Defects are detected and localized by simple electrical measurements. Only the layer specific defect localization enables precise defect parameter extraction to provide detailed defect statistics and process problem debugging. 1 INTRODUCTION ODAY&amp;apos;S complexity of integrated circuits require more T and more interconnection layers to connect all circuit cells and devices. For that, typical interconnection defects like intermetal shorts and virtual vias as well as the 3D-influence of underlying layers gain more importance on chip yield and defect statistics [StRo95], [Maly90], [Walk87]. To get defect stati...
Vibration isolation from irregularity in a nearly periodic structure: Theory and measurements (1983)

This article describes the theory and a simple experiment carried out to demonstrate the phenomenon of Anderson localization in an acoustical context. This is an effect whereby the propagation of vibration in a structure which is not entirely regular is impeded by the irregularities, giving rise on the average to an exponential decay of vibration level away from the driving point, even in the absence of any dissipation. The structure used in the experiment was a stretched string with masses attached to it. This string was studied with regular spacings of the masses and after the masses had been moved in a controlled way to provide a small degree of irregularity. In both cases, the transmission of energy from end to end of the string was measured as a function of frequency, and also the mode shapes in the second and fourth passbands were measured so as to demonstrate the underlying physics of the localization phenomenon, in which the individual modes making up each passband change from being extended throughout the structure in the regular case to being localized in specific areas of the structure in the presence of irregularity. All measurements yielded satisfactory agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Impact Echo Data from Bridge Deck Testing (2008)

Accurate assessment of the condition of bridges leads to their economic management. Ultrasonic seismic methods can be successfully used for this purpose through evaluation of changes in material characteristics and detection of the development of defects and zones of deterioration. The impact echo (IE) method is of special benefit in evaluation of corrosion-induced deck delamination, due to the method's nondestructive nature, speed of evaluation, and ability to detect delaminated zones at various stages of deterioration: from initial to progressed and developed. The traditional approach in condition assessment of bridge decks by IE on the basis of review of individual test point records and a new automated approach based on three-dimensional (3-D) data visualization are presented. The developed 3-D visualization platform allows both the advanced presentation and interpretation of IE data. The data presentation is provided as 3-D translucent visualizations of reflectors in a bridge deck section and horizontal and vertical cross sections through all distinctive zones, including a zone of delamination. The associated interpretation platform allows both (a) the overall assessment of the condition of the deck, through cumulative distributions and histograms of reflection intensity, and (b) identification of deteriorated zones of the deck for repair or rehabilitation in an efficient and intuitive way. The visualization platform effectively enables an IE device to be used as a type of bridge deck sonar device.
Increased Release of the N-Terminal and C-Terminal Portions of the Prohormone of Atrial Natriuretic Factor During Immersion-Induced Central Hypervolemia in Normal Humans (1989)

The role of peptides from the N terminus and C terminus of the 126 amino acid atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) prohormone in modulating renal sodium and water handling has not been defined. Since water immersion to the neck (NI) provides an acute central volume expansion identical to that produced by 2 liters of saline but without plasma compositional change, immersion to the neck was used to assess the N-terminal and C-terminal portions of the ANF prohormone response to acute central blood volume expansion in seven seated sodium-replete normal subjects. Both the C terminus, which contains amino acids 99-126 and is identical to ANF, and the whole N terminus (i.e., amino acids 1-98) increased promptly with NI and peaked after 1 hr of immersion. A Mr 3900 peptide from the midportion of the N terminus consistent with amino acids 31-67 (i.e., pro-ANF-31-67) also increased with NI and followed a pattern of increasing circulating concentration nearly identical to that of the whole N terminus of the prohormone, except that its maximal concentration was at the second hour of the 3 hr of NI. With cessation of immersion, ANF decreased to preimmersion levels within 1 hr whereas the N terminus and pro-ANF-31-67, although their circulating concentrations were decreasing, were still significantly elevated at 1 hr. These findings suggest that the increase in plasma ANF, the N terminus of the ANF prohormone, and pro-ANF-31-67 from the midportion of the N terminus, with natriuretic properties similar to ANF, contribute to the natriuretic response to NI, implying a physiologic role for these atrial peptides in modulating volume homeostasis in humans.
Cyclin D1 Overexpression, p16 Loss, and pRb Inactivation Play a Key Role in Pulmonary Carcinogenesis and have a Prognostic Implication for the Long-term Survival in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma Patients (2008)

The observation that cyclin D1 overexpression, p16 loss and pRb inactivation were largely found in NSCLCs suggests that they play an important role in pulmonary carcinogenesis. Also, their inverse or positive correlations indicate that the G(1)/S cell cycle proteins may act alternatively or synergistically on the mechanisms by which tumor cells escape the G(1) restriction point. Finally, their solitary or combined actions might have a long-term effect on the survival.
Signaling Mechanisms Leading to the Regulation of Differentiation and Apoptosis of Articular Chondrocytes by Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (2003)

Cartilage development is initiated by the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes. Differentiated chondrocytes in articular cartilage undergo dedifferentiation and apoptosis during arthritis, in which NO production plays a critical role. Here, we investigated the roles and mechanisms of action of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the chondrogenesis of mesenchymal cells and the maintenance and survival of differentiated articular chondrocytes. IGF-1 induced chondrogenesis of limb bud mesenchymal cells during micromass culture through the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt. PI3K activation is required for the activation of protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha and p38 kinase and inhibition of ERK1/2. These events are necessary for chondrogenesis. The growth factor additionally blocked NO-induced dedifferentiation and apoptosis of primary culture articular chondrocytes. NO production in chondrocytes induced down-regulation of PI3K and Akt activities, which was blocked by IGF-1 treatment. Stimulation of PI3K by IGF-1 resulted in blockage of NO-induced activation of p38 kinase and ERK1/2 and inhibition of PKCalpha and PKCzeta, which in turn suppressed dedifferentiation and apoptosis. Our results collectively indicate that IGF-1 regulates differentiation, maintenance of the differentiated phenotype, and apoptosis of articular chondrocytes via a PI3K pathway that modulates ERK, p38 kinase, and PKC signaling.
Visual demand and the introduction of advanced driver information systems into road vehicles (1996)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.
Pattern recognition from neural network with functional dependency preprocessing (2002)

This paper describes how the functional dependency preprocessing technique can he used to enhance the performance of pattern recognition from a trained artificial neural network. By identifying the functional dependencies of a data set prior to network training, a subset of attributes of the data set can be found which can determine the classification attribute. Experimental results indicate that it can lead to faster network training, smaller neural network size and better (or at least equal) generalization accuracy of the network.
Privacy issues facing assessors (2005)

This article address the issues involved in protecting privacy both from the citizen and office staff point of views. An outline of privacy law in the United States is included as well as a review of various court cases involving privacy issues affecting assessors.
Abstract 1898: The combination of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel and anti-DLL4 (demcizumab) produces synergistic growth inhibition, delays tumor recurrence and reduces tumor initiating cells in pancreatic cancer (2014)

Abstract Clinical management of pancreatic cancer is challenging and this disease remains the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents, including gemcitabine, commonly used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, have low response rates and limited effects on improving patient survival. A recent Phase III clinical trial has demonstrated that nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane, a protein-bound paclitaxel) in combination with gemcitabine significantly improved response rate and overall survival compared to patients receiving gemcitabine alone. We previously demonstrated that targeting Notch signaling by anti-DLL4 (demcizumab) inhibits tumor growth, reduces tumor initiating cell frequency and induces differentiation in patient-derived pancreatic xenograft tumors. To further explore the utility of demcizumab in the setting of pancreatic cancer, we evaluated anti-DLL4 combination with gemcitabine/ nab-paclitaxel in a panel of pancreatic xenograft models. We found that anti-DLL4 in combination with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel resulted in striking tumor regression, whereas tumors treated with chemotherapeutic agents alone grew continuously. The effect of the triple combination in some tumors was quite durable and persisted after both antibody and chemotherapeutic treatments were discontinued. The significant growth inhibitory effect by the combination of anti-DLL4 with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel was associated with a decrease in cancer stem cell frequency and an increase in apoptosis and tumor cell differentiation. The triple combination of anti-DLL4, gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel was generally more efficacious compared with anti-DLL4 plus gemcitabine alone. Notably, in a xenograft established from a patient that previously did not respond to demcizumab plus gemcitabine, the triple combination was highly effective. We are currently evaluating demcizumab in combination with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in a Phase 1b clinical trial in pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Wan-Ching Yen, Marcus Fischer, John Lewicki, Austin Gurney, Timothy Hoey. The combination of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel and anti-DLL4 (demcizumab) produces synergistic growth inhibition, delays tumor recurrence and reduces tumor initiating cells in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1898. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1898
Tumor spectrum in cancer family syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer) (1991)

The distribution of different malignant tumors was studied in 40 cancer family syndrome (CFS) families with 315 affected family members and a total of 472 separate tumors or malignant diseases. Only families with three or more first-degree family members with colorectal carcinoma were included and other CFS characteristics were required in at least two cases. Colorectal (63%), endometrial (8%), gastric (6%), biliopancreatic (4%), and uroepithelial carcinomas (2%) were the most frequent, and represent the tumors typical of CFS. Families with endometrial cancer (23, 57%) and those without endometrial cancer (17, 43%) did not differ in frequencies of other extracolonic carcinomas. Families with endometrial cancer has more affected members and especially more affected female members than those without endometrial cancer (means, 9.7 and 4.9 versus 5.5 and 1.6 per family, respectively). The authors conclude, therefore, that the occurrence of one or more types of extracolonic tumors in members of CFS families does not provide a firm basis for subdividing the CFS (or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma syndrome.
Antitumor Activity of HKI-272, an Orally Active, Irreversible Inhibitor of the HER-2 Tyrosine Kinase (2004)

HER-2 belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which has been implicated in a variety of cancers. Overexpression of HER-2 is seen in 25-30% of breast cancer patients and predicts a poor outcome in patients with primary disease. Trastuzumab (Herceptin), a monoclonal antibody to HER-2, is specifically approved for HER-2-positive breast cancer but is active only in a subset of these tumors. Blocking HER-2 function by a small molecule kinase inhibitor, therefore, represents an attractive alternate strategy to inhibit the growth of HER-2-positive tumors. HKI-272 is a potent inhibitor of HER-2 and is highly active against HER-2-overexpressing human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. It also inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase and the proliferation of EGFR-dependent cells. HKI-272 reduces HER-2 receptor autophosphorylation in cells at doses consistent with inhibition of cell proliferation and functions as an irreversible binding inhibitor, most likely by targeting a cysteine residue in the ATP-binding pocket of the receptor. In agreement with the predicted effects of HER-2 inactivation, HKI-272 treatment of cells results in inhibition of downstream signal transduction events and cell cycle regulatory pathways. This leads to arrest at the G(1)-S (Gap 1/DNA synthesis)-phase transition of the cell division cycle, ultimately resulting in decreased cell proliferation. In vivo, HKI-272 is active in HER-2- and EGFR-dependent tumor xenograft models when dosed orally on a once daily schedule. On the basis of its favorable preclinical pharmacological profile, HKI-272 has been selected as a candidate for additional development as an antitumor agent in breast and other HER-2-dependent cancers.
Universal Nonadiabatic Geometric Gates in Two-Qubit Decoherence-Free Subspaces (2014)

Geometric quantum computation in decoherence-free subspaces is of great practical importance because it can protect quantum information from both control errors and collective dephasing. However, previous proposed schemes have either states leakage or four-body interactions problems. Here, we propose a feasible scheme without these two problems. Our scheme is realized in two-qubit decoherence-free subspaces. Since the Hamiltonian we use is generic, our scheme looks promising to be demonstrated experimentally in different systems, including superconducting charge qubits.
Transforming growth factor‐β in the early mouse embryo: Implications for the regulation of muscle formation and implantation (1993)

In a search for functions of transforming growth factor-beta during early embryonic development we used two different experimental approaches. In the first we made use of embryonic stem (ES) cells. ES cells in culture differentiate to derivatives of all three germ layers and mimic some aspects of organogenesis when grown as aggregates in suspension to form embryoid bodies. Differentiation proceeds further when the embryoid bodies attach to suitable substrates. Muscle and neuronal cells are among the most readily identified cell types then formed. We examined the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and members of the transforming growth factor-beta family (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2) under these conditions in an assay where single aggregates formed in hanging microdrops in medium supplemented with serum depleted of lipophilic substances which would include retinoids. Endoderm-like cells formed under all conditions tested. RA at concentrations of 10(-8) M and 10(-7) M induced the formation of neurons but in the absence of RA or at concentrations up to 10(-9) M, neurons were not observed. Instead, beating muscle formed in about one-third of the plated aggregates; this was greatly reduced when RA concentrations increased above 10(-9) M. Immunofluorescent staining for muscle specific myosin showed that two muscle cell types could be distinguished: elongated, non-contractile myoblasts and mononucleate flat cells. The mononucleate flat cells appeared to correspond with rhythmically contracting muscle. The number of non-contractile myoblasts increased 3-fold over controls in the presence of 10(-9) M RA. TGF-beta s increased the number of contractile and non-contractile muscle cells by a factor 3 to 7 over controls, depending on the TGF-beta isoform added and the muscle cell type formed. TGF-beta 2 also invariably increased the rate at which contracting muscle cells were first observed in replated aggregates. The stimulatory effect of TGF-beta s on the formation of mononucleate flat cells was completely abrogated by RA at 10(-9) M while the number of myoblasts under similar conditions was unchanged. These data suggest that a complex interplay between retinoids and TGF-beta isoforms may be involved in regulation of differentiation in early myogenesis. In the second approach, neutralizing polyclonal rabbit antibodies specific for TGF-beta 2 were injected into the cavity of mouse blastocysts 3.5 days post coîtum (pc). After 1 day in culture, embryos were transferred to pseudopregnant females. The number of decidua, embryos and resorptions were counted at day 8.5-9.5 pc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Randomized prospective crossover study of interstim lead wire placement with curved versus straight stylet (2013)

The curved stylet for InterStim lead wire placement consistently achieved motor response at lower amplitudes. A brief intra-operative exchange of stylets represents a minor procedural alteration that could maximize Implantable Pulse Generator battery life and facilitate programming.
Radiolabeled antibodies: another form of cytotoxic treatment. (1991)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1991.9.4.537 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 22, 2016 PMID: 2066751 Radiolabeled antibodies: another form of cytotoxic treatment. R LevyxR LevySearch for articles by this author , R A MillerxR A MillerSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1991.9.4.537 PDF "Radiolabeled antibodies: another form of cytotoxic treatment.." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 9(4), pp. 537–538© 1991 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Solution Structure of Amyloid β-Peptide(1−40) in a Water−Micelle Environment. Is the Membrane-Spanning Domain Where We Think It Is?, (1998)

The three-dimensional solution structure of the 40 residue amyloid β-peptide, Aβ(1−40), has been determined using NMR spectroscopy at pH 5.1, in aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. In this environment, which simulates to some extent a water−membrane medium, the peptide is unstructured between residues 1 and 14 which are mainly polar and likely solvated by water. However, the rest of the protein adopts an α-helical conformation between residues 15 and 36 with a kink or hinge at 25−27. This largely hydrophobic region is likely solvated by SDS. Based on the derived structures, evidence is provided in support of a possible new location for the transmembrane domain of Aβ within the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Studies between pH 4.2 and 7.9 reveal a pH-dependent helix−coil conformational switch. At the lower pH values, where the carboxylate residues are protonated, the helix is uncharged, intact, and lipid-soluble. As the pH increases above 6.0, part of the helical region (15−24) becomes less structured, particularly near residues E22 and D23 where deprotonation appears to facilitate unwinding of the helix. This pH-dependent unfolding to a random coil conformation precedes any tendency of this peptide to aggregate to a β-sheet as the pH increases. The structural biology described herein for Aβ(1−40) suggests that (i) the C-terminal two-thirds of the peptide is an α-helix in membrane-like environments, (ii) deprotonation of two acidic amino acids in the helix promotes a helix−coil conformational transition that precedes aggregation, (iii) a mobile hinge exists in the helical region of Aβ(1−40) and this may be relevant to its membrane-inserting properties and conformational rearrangements, and (iv) the location of the transmembrane domain of amyloid precursor proteins may be different from that accepted in the literature. These results may provide new insight to the structural properties of amyloid β-peptides of relevance to Alzheimer's disease.
INCREMENTAL VALIDITY OF THE DISTRIBUTED LEADERSHIP SCALE (2013)

The present study explored the incremental validity of distributed leadership. We measured a goodness-of-fit model for distributed leadership; analyzed the discriminant and concurrent validities for distributed leadership, participative leadership, and collective leadership; and examined four proposed hypotheses. The study sample consisted of 557 vocational high school faculty members from Taiwan. Five different scales for each leadership type, overall job satisfaction, and affective commitment were used. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), χ 2 , and hierarchical regression were used to analyze the data. There were four major findings. The distributed leadership scale demonstrated excellent goodness of fit for the model. All leadership types had discriminant validity. All aspects of each type of leadership were significantly correlated with outstanding concurrent validity. Finally, empirical support was found for all four proposed hypotheses.