gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consensus on women's health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (2011)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in females with a high prevalence. The etiology of this heterogeneous condition remains obscure and its phenotype expression varies. Two, widely cited, previous ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshops focused on diagnosis (published in 2004) and infertility management (published in 2008). The present third PCOS consensus paper summarizes current knowledge and identifies knowledge gaps regarding various women's health aspects of PCOS. Relevant topics addressed-all dealt with in a systematic fashion-include adolescence, hirsutism and acne, contraception, menstrual cycle abnormalities, quality of life, ethnicity, pregnancy complications, long-term metabolic and cardiovascular health and finally cancer risk. Additional, comprehensive background information is provided separately in an extended online publication.
Chemical reduction of actinomycin D and phenoxazone analog to free radicals (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical reduction of actinomycin D and phenoxazone analog to free radicalsHiroyuki Nakazawa, Feng-te E. Chou, Paul A. Andrews, and Nicholas R. BachurCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 7, 1493–1496Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00320a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00320a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-efficiency InGaN/AlInGaN multiple quantum wells with lattice-matched AlInGaN superlattices barrier (2017)

A new approach to fabricating high-quality AlInGaN film as a lattice-matched barrier layer in multiple quantum wells (MQWs) is presented. The high-quality AlInGaN film is realized by growing the AlGaN/InGaN short period superlattices through metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, and then being used as a barrier in the MQWs. The crystalline quality of the MQWs with the lattice-matched AlInGaN barrier and that of the conventional InGaN/GaN MQWs are characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of the InGaN/AlInGaN MQWs are investigated by varying the excitation power density and temperature through comparing with those of the InGaN/GaN MQWs. The integral PL intensity of InGaN/AlInGaN MQWs is over 3 times higher than that of InGaN/GaN MQWs at room temperature under the highest excitation power. Temperature-dependent PL further demonstrates that the internal quantum efficiency of InGaN/AlInGaN MQWs (76.1%) is much higher than that of InGaN/GaN MQWs (21%). The improved luminescence performance of InGaN/AlInGaN MQWs can be attributed to the distinct reduction of the barrier-well lattice mismatch and the strain-induced non-radiative recombination centers.
Parasitism: the diversity and ecology of animal parasites (2014)

Reflecting the enormous advances made in the field over the past ten years, this text synthesizes the latest developments in the ecology and evolution of animal parasites against a backdrop of parallel advances in parasite systematics, biodiversity and life cycles. This second edition has been thoroughly revised to meet the needs of a new generation of parasitology students. Balancing traditional approaches in parasitology with modern studies in parasite ecology and evolution, the authors present basic ecological principles as a unifying framework to help students understand the complex phenomenon of parasitism. Richly illustrated with over 250 figures, the text is accompanied by case study boxes designed to help students appreciate the complexity and diversity of parasites and the scientists who study them. This unique approach, presented clearly and with a minimum of jargon and mathematical detail, encourages students from diverse backgrounds to think generally and conceptually about parasites and parasitism.
Androgen Receptor-Mediated Growth and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Induction in the Human Prostate Cell Line LNCaP (1989)

Human prostate tumor cells, LNCaP, contain androgen receptors and respond to androgens with increased growth rate. Although other steroid hormone receptors are not detectable in LNCaP cells, progesterone and estradiol stimulate the growth of these cells. The androgen receptor shows considerable cross binding activity with progesterone and estradiol but not with the glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide. The latter steroid does not have any effect on cell proliferation. LNCaP cells respond to epidermal growth factor (EGF) with an increased growth rate. Steroids that stimulate LNCaP cell proliferation also increase the number of EGF receptors per cell. In conclusion, LNCaP cells are sensitive to EGF. Different steroids bind to the androgen receptor and stimulate the proliferation of human prostate tumor cells. This stimulation of growth is preceded by an increase in EGF receptor number per cell.
Realization of a three-terminal resonant tunneling device: The bipolar quantum resonant tunneling transistor (1989)

A new three-terminal resonant tunneling structure in which current transport is controlled by directly modulating the potential of the quantum well is proposed and demonstrated. Typical current gains of 50 at room temperature are observed.
Electrophoretic separation of DNA in gels and nanostructures (2009)

The development of nanostructure devices has opened the door to new DNA separation techniques and fundamental investigations. With advanced nanotechnologies, artificial gels (e.g. nanopillar arrays, nanofilters) can be manufactured with controlled and ordered geometries. This contrast with gels, where the pores are disordered and the range of available pore sizes is limited by the level of cross-linking and the mechanical properties of the gel. In this review, we recall the theories developed for free-solution and gel electrophoresis (extended Ogston model, biased reptation and entropic trapping) and from this perspective, suggestions for future concepts for fast DNA separation using nanostructures will be given.
Epidemiology of Hepatitis C: Geographic Differences and Temporal Trends (2000)

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection appears to be endemic in most parts of the world, with an estimated overall prevalence of 3%. However, there is considerable geographic and temporal variation in the incidence and prevalence of HCV infection. Using age-specific prevalence data, at least three distinct transmission patterns can be identified. In countries with the first pattern (e.g., United States, Australia), most infections are found among persons 30-49 years old, indicating that the risk for HCV infection was greatest in the relatively recent past (10-30 years ago) and primarily affected young adults. In countries with the second pattern (e.g., Japan, Italy), most infections are found among older persons, consistent with the risk for HCV infection having been greatest in the distant past. In countries with the third pattern (e.g., Egypt), high rates of infection are observed in all age groups, indicating an ongoing high risk for acquiring HCV infection. In countries with the first pattern, injection drug use has been the predominant risk factor for HCV infection, whereas in those with the second or third patterns, unsafe injections and contaminated equipment used in healthcare-related procedures appear to have played a predominant role in transmission. Much of the variability between regions can be explained by the frequency and extent to which different risk factors have contributed to the transmission of HCV. Because different strategies are required to interrupt different patterns of HCV transmission, determining the epidemiology of HCV infection in areas where that information has not yet been assessed is critical for developing appropriate prevention programs.
Simple synthesis of diastereomerically pure phosphatidylglycerols by phospholipase D‐catalyzed transphosphatidylation (2004)

A simple method for synthesizing diastereomerically pure phosphatidylglycerols (PtdGro), namely, 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-3'-sn-glycerol (R,R configuration) and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1'-sn-glycerol (R,S configuration), was established. For this purpose, diastereomeric 1,2-O-isopropylidene PtdGro were prepared from 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PtdCho) and enantiomeric 1,2-O-isopropylideneglycerols by transphosphatidylation with phospholipase D (PLD) from Actinomadura sp. This species was selected because of its higher transphosphatidylation activity and lower phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) formation than PLD from some Streptomyces species tested. The reaction proceeded well, giving almost no hydrolysis of PtdCho to PtdOH in a biphasic system consisting of diethyl ether and acetate buffer at 30 degrees C. The isopropylidene protective group was removed by heating the diastereomeric isopropylidene PtdGro at 100 degrees C in trimethyl borate in the presence of boric acid to obtain the desired PtdGro diastereomers. The purities of the products, which were determined by chiral-phase HPLC, were exclusively dependent on the optical purities of the original isopropylidene-glycerols used. The present method is simple and can be utilized for the synthesis of pure PtdGro diastereomers having saturated and unsaturated acyl chains.
Balloon angioplasty. Natural history of the pathophysiological response to injury in a pig model. (1985)

The restenosis or occlusion that frequently follows balloon angioplasty is poorly understood. Thus, the pathophysiological response to angioplasty of the common carotid artery in 38 heparinized normal pigs was investigated by quantification of the 111In-labeled platelet deposition and histological and electron microscopic examination from 1 hour to 60 days after angioplasty. At 1 hour, the following findings were noted: complete endothelial denudation in all arteries, marked platelet deposition (44.7 +/- 20.7 X 10(6)/cm2), mural thrombus in seven of 10 pigs, and a medial tear extending through the internal elastic lamina in nine of 18 arteries. All nine arteries with tears had associated mural thrombus and severe platelet deposition (76 X 10(6)/cm2); in contrast, the nine arteries without a tear had no mural thrombus and much lower platelet deposition (6 X 10(6)/cm2). Necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells was evident at 24 hours. Platelet deposition remained high at 24 hours (40.5 +/- 20.6 X 10(6)/cm2), but was markedly reduced at 4 days (4.4 +/- 1.5 X 10(6)/cm2), coincident with partial regrowth of endothelium or periluminal lining cells. No significant platelet deposition was noted at 7 days, when the endothelial cell type of regrowth was largely complete. Intimal proliferation of smooth muscle cells was mild and patchy at 7 days, significantly greater and more uniform at 14 days, and unchanged at 30 and 60 days after angioplasty. Complete thrombotic occlusion occurred in four (11%) of the 38 pigs. A significant stenosis present at 30 days after angioplasty was shown by histological examination to be due to organization of mural thrombus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Adaptor Protein TRIP6 Antagonizes Fas-Induced Apoptosis but Promotes Its Effect on Cell Migration (2010)

The Fas/CD95 receptor mediates apoptosis but is also capable of triggering nonapoptotic signals. However, the mechanisms that selectively regulate these opposing effects are not yet fully understood. Here we demonstrate that the activation of Fas or stimulation with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induces cytoskeletal reorganization, leading to the association of Fas with actin stress fibers and the adaptor protein TRIP6. TRIP6 binds to the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane domain of Fas and interferes with the recruitment of FADD to Fas. Furthermore, through physical interactions with NF-κB p65, TRIP6 regulates nuclear translocation and the activation of NF-κB upon Fas activation or LPA stimulation. As a result, TRIP6 antagonizes Fas-induced apoptosis and further enhances the antiapoptotic effect of LPA in cells that express high levels of TRIP6. On the other hand, TRIP6 promotes Fas-mediated cell migration in apoptosis-resistant glioma cells. This effect is regulated via the Src-dependent phosphorylation of TRIP6 at Tyr-55. As TRIP6 is overexpressed in glioblastomas, this may have a significant impact on enhanced NF-κB activity, resistance to apoptosis, and Fas-mediated cell invasion in glioblastomas.
Methodical Design Approaches to Radiation Effects Analysis and Mitigation in Flip-Flop Circuits (2014)

With transistor dimensions shrinking due to continued scaling, integrated circuits are increasingly susceptible to radiation upset. This paper presents a systematic methodology for evaluating circuit hardness, as well as graph clustering approaches to determine effective node separation to protect against upset due to multiple node charge collection. The methodology is circuit simulation based, making it efficient and usable by circuit designers. Example designs are presented to demonstrate the analysis and clustering for real flip-flop designs. Finally, the methodology is utilized to provide critical node separation for a new hardened flip-flop design that reduces the power and area by 27% and 19.5% respectively.
In vitro Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2008)

SUMMARY: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a class of multipotent progenitor cells that have been isolated from multiple tissue sites. Of these, adipose tissue and bone marrow offer advantages in terms of access, abundance, and the extent of their documentation in the literature. This review focuses on the in vitro differentiation capability of cells derived from adult human tissue. Multiple, independent studies have demonstrated that MSCs can commit to mesodermal (adipocyte, chondrocyte, hematopoietic support, myocyte, osteoblast, tenocyte), ectodermal (epithelial, glial, neural), and endodermal (hepatocyte, islet cell) lineages. The limitations and promises of these studies in the context of tissue engineering are discussed.
Taurolidine is effective in the treatment of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections in cancer patients (2004)

Taurolidine is an antimicrobial agent that was originally used in the local treatment of peritonitis and was shown to be effective in the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSI). In this pilot study, we used taurolidine solution as an intravenous (i.v.) lock into the totally implantable intravascular devices of 11 consecutive oncological patients with catheter-related bloodstream infections not responding to systemic antimicrobial chemotherapy. All patients recovered completely from the infection. No adverse drug effects were seen. Three patients were successfully retreated for a recurrent infection. Our data suggest a beneficial role of taurolidine i.v. lock for the therapy of catheter-related bloodstream infections in oncological patients. Taurolidine i.v. lock application is feasible and could especially be useful in infections resistant to antibiotic chemotherapy.
64-QAM OFDM with TCM coding and waveform shaping in a time-selective Rician fading channel (2002)

In this paper, the simulation results of a 64-QAM OFDM system in a time-selective Rician fading channel are presented. First, results dealing with the improvement of OFDM system performance by waveform shaping and TCM coding in an AWGN channel are reported. Second, coded OFDM system performance in a time-selective Rician fading channel is investigated.
Non-IgE Mediated Food Allergy (2008)

Adverse reactions to dietary proteins (DPs) can impose a significant impact on one's daily life and can even affect the 'life style' of an entire family. Adverse reactions to DPs may or may not be immune-mediated. The immune-mediated adverse reaction to food is defined as food allergy (FA) which is roughly divided into IgE mediated or non-IgE mediated FA (NFA). As opposed to IgE mediated FA, NFA primarily affects the GI mucosa. In addition, there is far less of an understanding of NFA than IgE-mediated FA and its clinical relevance is likely under-estimated in most cases. This is partly due to delayed onset of symptoms and subsequent difficulty in making the clinical association between offending food and clinical symptoms. The lack of easily accessible diagnostic measures also contributes to the problem. The gut mucosal barrier is thought to have developed to execute an immensely difficult task; digestion and absorption of nutrients without provoking immune responses and cohabiting with commensal flora in a mutual beneficial relationship, while maintaining an immune defense against pathogenic microbes. The gut mucosal immune system accomplishes this task partly by establishing tolerance to macronutrients with potent immunogenecity. Immune tolerance to macronutrients (DPs) is maintained in part by active suppressive mechanisms involving antigen (Ag)-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells. This active immune tolerance state appears to be affected by various environmental factors such as change in commensal flora. In the first few years of life, humans gradually develop an intricate balance between tolerance and immune reactivity in the gut mucosa along with a tremendous expansion of gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Not surprisingly, both IgE and non-IgE mediated food allergy (FA) is frequently seen during this period. The most common causative DPs for NFA are those contained in infant formulas (cow's milk and soy proteins). Unlike IgE mediated FA, NFA is rarely life-threatening. However, NFA to DPs can cause significant morbidity in rapidly growing infants and young children. A better understanding of pathogenesis of NFA is crucial for timely management of NFA in this vulnerable population. This review discusses the gut mucosal immune system in the first few years of life including genetic/environmental factors affecting the development of mucosal immune system and pathogenesis of NFA in association with clinical/laboratory findings.
Lifetime exposure to a soluble TGF-β antagonist protects mice against metastasis without adverse side effects (2002)

TGF-βs play diverse and complex roles in many biological processes. In tumorigenesis, they can function either as tumor suppressors or as pro-oncogenic factors, depending on the stage of the disease. We have developed transgenic mice expressing a TGF-β antagonist of the soluble type II TGF-β receptor:Fc fusion protein class, under the regulation of the mammary-selective MMTV-LTR promoter/enhancer. Biologically significant levels of antagonist were detectable in the serum and most tissues of this mouse line. The mice were resistant to the development of metastases at multiple organ sites when compared with wild-type controls, both in a tail vein metastasis assay using isogenic melanoma cells and in crosses with the MMTV-neu transgenic mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Importantly, metastasis from endogenous mammary tumors was suppressed without any enhancement of primary tumorigenesis. Furthermore, aged transgenic mice did not exhibit the severe pathology characteristic of TGF-β null mice, despite lifetime exposure to the antagonist. The data suggest that in vivo the antagonist may selectively neutralize the undesirable TGF-β associated with metastasis, while sparing the regulatory roles of TGF-βs in normal tissues. Thus this soluble TGF-β antagonist has potential for long-term clinical use in the prevention of metastasis.
SqueezeSeg: Convolutional Neural Nets with Recurrent CRF for Real-Time Road-Object Segmentation from 3D LiDAR Point Cloud (2017)

In this paper, we address semantic segmentation of road-objects from 3D LiDAR point clouds. In particular, we wish to detect and categorize instances of interest, such as cars, pedestrians and cyclists. We formulate this problem as a point- wise classification problem, and propose an end-to-end pipeline called SqueezeSeg based on convolutional neural networks (CNN): the CNN takes a transformed LiDAR point cloud as input and directly outputs a point-wise label map, which is then refined by a conditional random field (CRF) implemented as a recurrent layer. Instance-level labels are then obtained by conventional clustering algorithms. Our CNN model is trained on LiDAR point clouds from the KITTI dataset, and our point-wise segmentation labels are derived from 3D bounding boxes from KITTI. To obtain extra training data, we built a LiDAR simulator into Grand Theft Auto V (GTA-V), a popular video game, to synthesize large amounts of realistic training data. Our experiments show that SqueezeSeg achieves high accuracy with astonishingly fast and stable runtime (8.7 ms per frame), highly desirable for autonomous driving applications. Furthermore, additionally training on synthesized data boosts validation accuracy on real-world data. Our source code and synthesized data will be open-sourced.
THE ROLE OF OXYGEN AND ITS DERIVATIVES IN MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS AND HOST DEFENSE (1984)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Grips and gestures on a multi-touch pen (2011)

This paper explores the interaction possibilities enabled when the barrel of a digital pen is augmented with a multi-touch sensor. We present a novel multi-touch pen (MTPen) prototype and discuss its alternate uses beyond those of a standard stylus, such as allowing new touch gestures to be performed using the index finger or thumb and detecting how users grip the device as a mechanism for mode switching. We also discuss the hardware and software implementation challenges in realizing our prototype, and showcase how one can combine different grips (tripod, relaxed tripod, sketch, wrap) and gestures (swipe and double tap) to enable new interaction techniques with the MTPen in a prototype drawing application. One specific aim is the elimination of some of the comfort problems associated with existing auxiliary controls on digital pens. Mechanical controls such as barrel buttons and barrel scroll wheels work best in only a few specific hand grips and pen rotations. Comparatively, our gestures can be successfully and comfortably performed regardless of the rotation of the pen or how the user grips it, offering greater flexibility in use. We describe a formal evaluation comparing MTPen gestures against the use of a barrel button for mode switching. This study shows that both swipe and double tap gestures are comparable in performance to commonly employed barrel buttons without its disadvantages.