gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical relevance and public health signifcance of hepatitisB virus genomic variations (2009)

Ten hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes (A-J) and 34 HBV subgenotypes have been identified so far. HBV genotypes and subgenotypes have distinct geographical distributions, and have been shown to differ with regard to clinical outcome, prognosis, and response to interferon treatment. Infection with subgenotype A2 is frequently associated with high viral load, resulting in acute infection via horizontal transmission. Genotypes A and B are more sensitive to interferon treatment than genotypes D and C, respectively. Genotype B is more frequent in acute hepatitis than genotype C, whereas genotype C (C2) is more frequently associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mostly cirrhotic, as compared with genotype B (B2). Genotype mixture is associated with high viral load and worse outcome of HBV infection. HBV mutations in the S genes, especially amino acids substitution at position 145 (G145R), are associated with immune escape, whereas mutations in the PreS or S genes which impair HBsAg secretion could present a risk to blood safety. HBV variants harboring mutations in the viral polymerase gene that confer resistance to nucleoside analogs may be selected during antiviral therapy. Different genotypes have distinct mutation patterns in the PreS and EnhII/BCP/Precore regions. PreS deletions, C1653T, T1753V, and A1762T/G1764A are associated with an increased risk of HCC. HCC-associated HBV mutants may not transmit via mother-to-child transmission, and are likely generated during HBV-induced pathogenesis. Examination of HBV mutations alone or in combination and host genetic susceptibility will be helpful in classifying the HBV-infected subjects who will develop HCC and need active anti-viral treatments.
NITRIC OXIDE AND MACROPHAGE FUNCTION (1997)

At the interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems lies the high-output isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2 or iNOS). This remarkable molecular machine requires at least 17 binding reactions to assemble a functional dimer. Sustained catalysis results from the ability of NOS2 to attach calmodulin without dependence on elevated Ca2+. Expression of NOS2 in macrophages is controlled by cytokines and microbial products, primarily by transcriptional induction. NOS2 has been documented in macrophages from human, horse, cow, goat, sheep, rat, mouse, and chicken. Human NOS2 is most readily observed in monocytes or macrophages from patients with infectious or inflammatory diseases. Sustained production of NO endows macrophages with cytostatic or cytotoxic activity against viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminths, and tumor cells. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic actions of NO are enhanced by other macrophage products such as acid, glutathione, cysteine, hydrogen peroxide, or superoxide. Although the high-output NO pathway probably evolved to protect the host from infection, suppressive effects on lymphocyte proliferation and damage to other normal host cells confer upon NOS2 the same protective/destructive duality inherent in every other major component of the immune response.
Targeting Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor on Human Glioblastoma Tumors With Diphtheria Toxin Fusion Protein DTAT (2002)

DTAT may have potential for intracranial glioblastoma therapy because of its ability to target tumor cells and tumor vasculature simultaneously and its apparent lack of systemic effects.
Gp96-Ig/Costimulator (OX40L, ICOSL, or 4-1BBL) Combination Vaccine Improves T-cell Priming and Enhances Immunity, Memory, and Tumor Elimination (2016)

T-cell costimulation typically occurs in a defined microenvironment that is not recapitulated by agonistic antibody therapy. To deliver such stimulation under more favorable conditions, we investigated whether an allogeneic cell-based vaccine that secreted Fc-OX40L, Fc-ICOSL, or Fc-4-1BBL would activate and expand T cells comparably with systemically administered agonist antibodies. Among these costimulators, locally secreted Fc-OX40L provided superior priming of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells, compared with combinations with OX40 antibodies or vaccine alone. Vaccine-expressed Fc-OX40L also stimulated IFNγ, TNFα, granzyme B, and IL2 by antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells similarly to OX40 antibodies, without off-target consequences such as proinflammatory cytokine induction. Vaccine-secreted Fc-OX40L increased CD127(+)KLRG-1(-) memory precursor cells during the contraction phase, resulting in improved proliferation upon secondary antigen challenge, as compared with OX40 antibody. A cell-based vaccine cosecreting gp96-Ig and Fc-OX40L led to even more pronounced tumor control, complete tumor rejection, and increased tumor antigen-specific T-cell proliferation, including in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, as compared with combinations of gp96-Ig vaccine and OX40 antibodies, in mice with established melanoma or colorectal carcinoma. These data suggest that local modulation of the vaccine microenvironment has unexpected advantages over systemic costimulation with agonistic antibodies, which may simplify the clinical translation of such combination immunotherapies into humans. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(9); 766-78. ©2016 AACR.
Intrameatal aneurysm (1986)

A case of aneurysm of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery at the internal auditory meatus is presented in which severe subarachnoid haemorrhage was followed by facial palsy. Eighteen cases in the literature are reviewed and their diagnostic and surgical implications discussed.
Target‐specific variants of Flp recombinase mediate genome engineering reactions in mammalian cells (2015)

Genome engineering relies on DNA-modifying enzymes that are able to locate a DNA sequence of interest and initiate a desired genome rearrangement. Currently, the field predominantly utilizes site-specific DNA nucleases that depend on the host DNA repair machinery to complete a genome modification task. We show here that genome engineering approaches that employ target-specific variants of the self-sufficient, versatile site-specific DNA recombinase Flp can be developed into promising alternatives. We demonstrate that the Flp variant evolved to recombine an FRT-like sequence, FL-IL10A, which is located upstream of the human interleukin-10 gene, and can target this sequence in the model setting of Chinese hamster ovary and human embryonic kidney 293 cells. This target-specific Flp variant is able to perform the integration reaction and, when paired with another recombinase, the dual recombinase-mediated cassette exchange reaction. The efficiency of the integration reaction in human cells can be enhanced by 'humanizing' the Flp variant gene and by adding the nuclear localization sequence to the recombinase.
Defining and developing competence: A strategic process paradigm (1995)

Abstract In this paper, competence is defined in operational terms as the degree to which the firm or its subunits can reliably meet or exceed objectives. Two antecedents to competence (and thus competitive advantage) are then developed and defined. These are the ‘comprehension’ of the management team working on developing competence and the ‘deftness’ of their task execution. Empirical results from a study of 160 new initiatives in 40 organizations from 16 countries suggest that: (1) it is feasible to operationalize and measure these constructs; (2) comprehension and deftness are important correlates of an organization's degree of competence as defined; and (3) a process‐centered paradigm for understanding competence development shows promise.
Manual stimulation of reflex voiding after spinal cord injury. (1985)

Thirty-four urodynamic studies were performed in 20 patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) to determine the most effective triggering mechanism for reflex voiding. The studies were performed at a time when the patient was normally scheduled for catheterization, which avoided stimulation of the detrusor and sphincter by bladder filling via a catheter. The three methods chosen were used in a random sequence. Suprapubic tapping and jabbing were equally effective in producing a rise in detrusor pressure, and the sphincter responses were almost identical. Cutaneous stimulation of the thigh rarely produced any change in detrusor and sphincter activity. When detrusor contractions were produced, a dyssynergic sphincter response prevented voiding in 46% of the studies; however, voiding always occurred when the sphincters were either coordinated or showed no change. Both tapping and jabbing were more effective as the time from injury increased, which reflects the natural recovery from spinal shock.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1999)

Journal Article REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access Highpoints: a Study of Melodic Peaks. By Zohar Eitan. pp. 187. ‘Studies in the Criticism and Theory of Music’. ( University of Pennsylvania Press, University Park, 1997, £57. ISBN 0-9122-3405-7.) CHRISTOPHER MARK CHRISTOPHER MARK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 80, Issue 1, February 1999, Pages 123–125, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/80.1.123 Published: 01 February 1999
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Psychomotor Vigilance in a Community-Based Sample (2007)

SDB in the community population is associated with impaired psychomotor vigilance in older men and women.
Lead sulfide nanocrystal: conducting polymer solar cells (2005)

In this paper, we report photovoltaic devices fabricated from lead sulfide nanocrystals and the conducting polymer poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl- hexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene). This composite material was produced via a new single-pot synthesis which sol
Hypoxia-induced Changes to Integrin α 3 Glycosylation Facilitate Invasion in Epidermoid Carcinoma Cell Line A431 (2014)

Hypoxia is a critical microenvironmental factor that drives cancer progression through angiogenesis and metastasis. Glycoproteins, especially those on the plasma membrane, orchestrate this process; however, questions remain regarding hypoxia-perturbed protein glycosylation in cancer cells. We focused on the effects of hypoxia on the integrin family of glycoproteins, which are central to the cellular processes of attachment and migration and have been linked with cancer in humans. We employed electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with iTRAQ labeling and LC-MS/MS to identify and quantify glycoproteins expressed in A431. The results revealed that independent of the protein-level change, N-glycosylation modifications of integrin α 3 (ITGA3) were inhibited by hypoxia, unlike in other integrin subunits. A combination of Western blot, flow cytometry, and cell staining assays showed that hypoxia-induced alterations to the glycosylation of ITGA3 prevented its efficient translocation to the plasma membrane. Mutagenesis studies demonstrated that simultaneous mutation of glycosites 6 and 7 of ITGA3 prevented its accumulation at the K562 cell surface, which blocked integrin α 3 and β 1 heterodimer formation and thus abolished ITGA3's interaction with extracellular ligands. By generating A431 cells stably expressing ITGA3 mutated at glycosites 6 and 7, we showed that lower levels of ITGA3 on the cell surface, as induced by hypoxia, conferred an increased invasive ability to cancer cells in vitro under hypoxic conditions. Taken together, these results revealed that ITGA3 translocation to the plasma membrane suppressed by hypoxia through inhibition of glycosylation facilitated cell invasion in A431.
Biomedical Applications of Hyaluronic Acid (2006)

Hyaluronic acid (HA), also named hyaluronan, is a high molecular weight polysaccharide found in the body in pericellular matrices, various bodily fluids, and in specialized tissues such as the vitreous humor of the eye and cartilage. Hyaluronic acid possesses both biological activities and physical properties that add to the uniqueness of this ubiquitous polysaccharide. The uniqueness of HA and its importance both biologically and physically apparently accounts for its identical structure when synthesized in bacteria, birds, and mammals. Because of this property, HA has been purified from chickens or bacteria for use as a biomaterial in medical devices in humans or other mammals. Hyaluronic acid is unique because of its viscoelastic and hydrodynamic properties, its assembly into extracellular and pericellular matrices, and its effects on cell signaling. Its use as a biomaterial has been driven largely by its physical properties and viscoelastic behavior. The biological properties of HA and its fragments have largely been ignored in its use as a biomaterial. As HA is more widely used and studied, these properties are becoming increasingly apparent and important in its use in medical devices.
A client server model to facilitate creation of a medical image teaching library (1999)

A simple and convenient system for indexing and archiving medical images used in teaching was developed. The approach was to combine a smart client-side graphical user interface that controlled image size, file format, and keyword structure, and communicated with the hospital information system via hypertext mark-up language, to populate the interface with user selectable pull-down menus. The result is a system that is easily extensible beyond the radiology images for which it was originally designed. Only minor modifications of the client interface are required to adapt the program to accept any file format or image type.
Sensetable (2001)

In this paper we present a system that electromagnetically tracks the positions and orientations of multiple wireless objects on a tabletop display surface. The system offers two types of improvements over existing tracking approaches such as computer vision. First, the system tracks objects quickly and accurately without susceptibility to occlusion or changes in lighting conditions. Second, the tracked objects have state that can be modified by attaching physical dials and modifiers. The system can detect these changes in real-time.
Lessons learned from anti-CD40L treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus patients (2004)

The CD40-CD40L system has pleiotropic effects in a variety of cells and biological processes including immune response, thrombosis and atherogenesis. Within the immune system, these molecules represent a critical link between its humoral and cellular arms. As a result of these attributes and based on preclinical data in animals, anti-CD40L antibodies were tested in a variety of immunologic diseases including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and transplantation. Phase I/II studies in humans with lupus nephritis demonstrated reduction of anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies but not of protective antibodies. Reduction of anti-DNA was associated with increased serum complement levels and reduced glomerular inflammation. As a result of thrombotic effects, observed even in patients negative for anti-cardiolipin antibodies, there is a temporary halt on further human studies. The reasons for the prothrombotic effects are not clear at present but may represent effects on platelets and/or the endothelium. In view of the significant immunomodulatory effects of anti-CD40L treatment in patients with lupus nephritis, the increasing realization of the importance of premature atherosclerosis in lupus and an increasing amount of data supporting a role for the CD40-CD40L interactions in this process, inhibition of this pathway deserves further exploration in lupus.
Localized oncolytic virotherapy inflames distant tumors and synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade leading to systemic tumor rejection (2013)

Meeting abstracts Preexistent tumor inflammation is associated with superior clinical benefit from immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoints, calling for development of strategies that can induce tumor immune infiltration. To this end, therapy with oncolytic viruses (OV) presents an attractive
Emission Spectroscopy of Pulsed Powered Microplasma for Surface Treatment of PEN Film (2011)

Microplasma can be found in many applications. The technology is also used for surface treatment of polymers. The process of surface treatment by microplasma is environmental friendly, and it could be realized at low cost due to the relatively low discharge voltage (around 1 kV) even under atmospheric pressure and the small size of the power supply and reactor. This paper presents the surface treatment by microplasma of polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film using Ar gas and mixtures of Ar with N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The microplasma process was analyzed by the emission spectroscopy method. An experimental Marx generator with MOSFET switches was used as a pulsed high-voltage power supply. The emission spectra were measured by an intensified charge coupled device camera, a spectrometer, and a photomultiplier tube. Surface wettability of the PEN film was confirmed by measuring the contact angle before and after the microplasma surface treatment. It was observed that the contact angle of the PEN film decreased, especially with the O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Ar mixture. The analysis using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer showed the decrease of C1s, which correspond to the C-H bond. The emission spectrum of the microplasma discharge in the N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Ar mixture showed Ar peaks, OH peaks, N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> second positive band system peaks (N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> SPS), N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> first positive band system peaks ( N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> FPS), and decrease in the peak intensities of ArI and OH for microplasma discharge in the O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Ar mixture. The lifetime emission signals for the N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> SPS for the microplasma discharge in 0.25% N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in Ar were around 1 μs. The calculation of the microplasma rotational and electron temperatures shows low rotational and high electron temperatures.
[Di-tert.-butyl-dicarbonate, a useful tert.-Butyloxycardonylating reagent (author's transl)]. (1976)

Di-tert.-butyl-dicarbonate is an ideal reagent for tert.-butyloxycarbonylating amino acids and their derivatives in regard to both reaction rate and simplicity of the procedure.
Inactivation of LKB1/STK11 is a common event in adenocarcinomas of the lung. (2002)

Frequent losses of chromosome 19p have recently been observed in sporadic lung adenocarcinomas, targeting the location of a critical tumor suppressor gene. Here we performed fine mapping of the short arm of chromosome 19 and found that the LKB1/STK11 gene mapped in the minimal-deleted region. Because germ-line mutations at LKB1/STK11 result in the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and an increased risk of cancer, we performed a detailed genetic screen of the LKB1/STK11 gene in lung tumors. We detected a high frequency of somatic alterations (mainly nonsense mutations) in primary lung adenocarcinomas and in lung cancer cell lines. Thus, our findings demonstrate for the first time that LKB1/STK11 inactivation is a very common event and may be integrally involved in the development of sporadic lung adenocarcinoma.
Organosilicone Adjuvants Increased the Efficacy of Glyphosate for Control of Weeds in Citrus (Citrus spp.) (1992)

A field study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Kinetic and Sylgard 309 organosilicone adjuvants to increase the efficacy of glyphosate for control of Florida pusley (Richardia scabr a L.), southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliari s (Retz.) Koel], hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilos a L.), camphorweed [Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. and Rusby], bahiagrass (Paspalum notatu m Fluegge), bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylo n (L.) Pers.], and torpedograss (Panicum repen s L.). Glyphosate, either at 0.5 or 1.0 kg a.i./ha, was applied alone or in combination with Kinetic, Sylgard 309, or X-77 using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer that delivered 187 liters·ha -1 at 207 kPa pressure. Glyphosate applied at 0.5 kg·ha -1 controlled &gt; 94% of Florida pusley, southern crabgrass, hairy beggarticks, and camphorweed. Glyphosate efficacy improved on Florida pusley and southern crabgrass when applied with the adjuvants. Glyphosate, regardless of adjuvant, completely controlled hairy beggarticks and camphorweed. Control of bahiagrass, bermudagrass, and torpedograss with adjuvants was better than without adjuvants. However, glyphosate with Kinetic or Sylgard 309 was more effective in suppressing regrowth of these perennial grasses than glyphosate with X-77. Chemical names used: isopropylamine salt fo N -(phosphonomethyl)glycine with an in-can surfactant (glyphosate); proprietary blend of polyalkyleneoxide-modified polydimethylsiloxane and nonionic organosilicone adjuvant (Kinetic); silicone adjuvant mixture of 2-(3.hydroxypropyl)-heptamethyltrisiloxane, ethyloxylated, acetate EO glycol, -allyl, -acetate (Sylgard 309); mixture of alkylarylpolyoxyethylene glycols, free fatty acids, and isopropanol nonionic adjuvant (X-77).
The temporal expression profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice (2004)

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the illness tuberculosis with an annual mortality of approximately 2 million. Understanding the nature of the host-pathogen interactions at different stages of tuberculosis is central to new strategies for developing chemotherapies and vaccines. Toward this end, we adapted microarray technology to analyze the change in gene expression profiles of M. tuberculosis during infection in mice. This protocol provides the transcription profile of genes expressed during the course of early tuberculosis in immune-competent (BALB/c) and severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) hosts in comparison with growth in medium. The microarray analysis revealed clusters of genes that changed their transcription levels exclusively in the lungs of BALB/c, SCID mice, or medium over time. We identified a set of genes (n = 67) activated only in BALB/c and not in SCID mice at 21 days after infection, a key point in the progression of tuberculosis. A subset of the lung-activated genes was previously identified as induced during mycobacterial survival in a macrophage cell line. Another group of in vivo-expressed genes may also define a previously unreported genomic island. In addition, our analysis suggests the similarity between mycobacterial transcriptional machinery during growth in SCID and in broth, which questions the validity of using the SCID model for assessing mycobacterial virulence. The in vivo expression-profiling technology presented should be applicable to any microbial model of infection.