gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Safety of an Extended-Regimen Oral Contraceptive (Seasonale Lo)* (2006)

Papers on Current Clinical and Basic Investigation: Wednesday, May 10, 2006: Contraception/Family Planning
Air bubble in anterior chamber as indicator of full-thickness incisions in femtosecond-assisted astigmatic keratotomy (2011)

Femtosecond-assisted astigmatic keratotomy is predictable and precise but may occasionally lead to a full-thickness incision on the cornea and the attendant complications. The presence of an air bubble in the anterior chamber soon after creation of the keratotomy by the femtosecond laser may indicate a full-thickness incision. We present a case in which recognition of this clinical finding early in the procedure might have prevented undesirable complications, such as leakage of aqueous and the potential for intraocular infection.
Resonant Raman Scattering in Semiconductor Microcavities (1999)

We present first-order resonant Raman scattering results on III–V and II–VI semiconductor QW embedded planar microcavities, as a function of both laser incidence angle and cavity–exciton detuning. We show that the results can be well described by a simple expression for the scattering efficiency, σpol ∝ (SpiSxi) (SpsSxs), where Sp and Sx are the photonic and excitonic strength, respectively, of the incoming and scattered cavity polaritons. We discuss the assumptions leading to this expression in terms of existing theories of polariton mediated scattering in bulk, adapted to optically confined structures.
Egocentric Future Localization (2016)

We presents a method for future localization: to predict plausible future trajectories of ego-motion in egocentric stereo images. Our paths avoid obstacles, move between objects, even turn around a corner into space behind objects. As a byproduct of the predicted trajectories, we discover the empty space occluded by foreground objects. One key innovation is the creation of an EgoRetinal map, akin to an illustrated tourist map, that 'rearranges' pixels taking into accounts depth information, the ground plane, and body motion direction, so that it allows motion planning and perception of objects on one image space. We learn to plan trajectories directly on this EgoRetinal map using first person experience of walking around in a variety of scenes. In a testing phase, given an novel scene, we find multiple hypotheses of future trajectories from the learned experience. We refine them by minimizing a cost function that describes compatibility between the obstacles in the EgoRetinal map and trajectories. We quantitatively evaluate our method to show predictive validity and apply to various real world daily activities including walking, shopping, and social interactions.
A microRNA DNA methylation signature for human cancer metastasis (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that can contribute to cancer development and progression by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Recent studies have also linked different sets of miRNAs to metastasis through either the promotion or suppression of this malignant process. Interestingly, epigenetic silencing of miRNAs with tumor suppressor features by CpG island hypermethylation is also emerging as a common hallmark of human tumors. Thus, we wondered whether there was a miRNA hypermethylation profile characteristic of human metastasis. We used a pharmacological and genomic approach to reveal this aberrant epigenetic silencing program by treating lymph node metastatic cancer cells with a DNA demethylating agent followed by hybridization to an expression microarray. Among the miRNAs that were reactivated upon drug treatment, miR-148a, miR-34b/c, and miR-9 were found to undergo specific hypermethylation-associated silencing in cancer cells compared with normal tissues. The reintroduction of miR-148a and miR-34b/c in cancer cells with epigenetic inactivation inhibited their motility, reduced tumor growth, and inhibited metastasis formation in xenograft models, with an associated down-regulation of the miRNA oncogenic target genes, such as C-MYC, E2F3, CDK6, and TGIF2. Most important, the involvement of miR-148a, miR-34b/c, and miR-9 hypermethylation in metastasis formation was also suggested in human primary malignancies ( n = 207) because it was significantly associated with the appearance of lymph node metastasis. Our findings indicate that DNA methylation-associated silencing of tumor suppressor miRNAs contributes to the development of human cancer metastasis.
Clinical Evaluation of Ganaxolone in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Refractory Epilepsy (2007)

This pilot study is consistent with other clinical studies indicating that ganaxolone has anticonvulsant activity in humans. The results of this study encourage the further study of ganaxolone as an antiepileptic therapy.
Influencing Receptor−Ligand Binding Mechanisms with Multivalent Ligand Architecture (2002)

Multivalent ligands can function as inhibitors or effectors of biological processes. Potent inhibitory activity can arise from the high functional affinities of multivalent ligand-receptor interactions. Effector functions, however, are influenced not only by apparent affinities but also by alternate factors, including the ability of a ligand to cluster receptors. Little is known about the molecular features of a multivalent ligand that determine whether it will function as an inhibitor or effector. We envisioned that, by altering multivalent ligand architecture, ligands with preferences for different binding mechanisms would be generated. To this end, a series of 28 ligands possessing structural diversity was synthesized. This series provides the means to explore the effects of ligand architecture on the inhibition and clustering of a model protein, the lectin concanavalin A (Con A). The structural parameters that were varied include scaffold shape, size, valency, and density of binding elements. We found that ligands with certain architectures are effective inhibitors, but others mediate receptor clustering. Specifically, high molecular weight, polydisperse polyvalent ligands are effective inhibitors of Con A binding, whereas linear oligomeric ligands generated by the ring-opening metathesis polymerization have structural properties that favor clustering. The shape of a multivalent ligand also influences specific aspects of receptor clustering. These include the rate at which the receptor is clustered, the number of receptors in the clusters, and the average interreceptor distance. Our results indicate that the architecture of a multivalent ligand is a key parameter in determining its activity as an inhibitor or effector. Diversity-oriented syntheses of multivalent ligands coupled with effective assays that can be used to compare the contributions of different binding parameters may afford ligands that function by specific mechanisms.
Denaturation of Collagen Via Heating: An Irreversible Rate Process (2002)

Heating therapies are increasingly used in cardiology, dermatology, gynecology, neurosurgery, oncology, ophthalmology, orthopedics, and urology, among other medical specialties. This widespread use of heating is driven primarily by the availability of new technology, not by a detailed understanding of the biothermomechanics. Without basic quantification of the underlying physical and chemical processes in terms of parameters that can be controlled clinically, identification of preferred interventions will continue to be based primarily on trial and error, thus necessitating large clinical studies and years of accumulative experience. Perusal of the literature reveals that much has been learned over the past century about the response of cells, proteins, and tissues to supra-physiologic temperatures; yet, the associated findings are reported in diverse journals and the underlying basic processes remain unidentified. In this review, we seek to contrast various findings on the kinetics of the thermal denaturation of collagen and to encourage investigators to consider the many open problems in part via a synthesis of results from the diverse literatures.
An Enantioselective Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Catalysis Approach to Substituted Tetrahydropyrans (2018)

An enantioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction to access tetrahydropyrans has been developed. This process combines in situ Lewis acid activation of a nucleophile in concert with the oxidative formation of a transient oxocarbenium electrophile, leading to a productive and highly enantioselective CDC. These advances represent one of the first successful applications of CDC for the enantioselective couplings of unfunctionalized ethers. This system provides efficient access to valuable tetrahydropyran motifs found in many natural products and bioactive small molecules.
Carboxyl-terminal isoprenylation of ras-related GTP-binding proteins encoded by rac1, rac2, and ralA (1991)

Membrane localization of p21ras is dependent upon its posttranslational modification by a 15-carbon farnesyl group. The isoprenoid is linked to a cysteine located within a conserved carboxyl-terminal sequence termed the "CAAX" box (where C is cysteine, A is an aliphatic amino acid, and X is any amino acid). We now show that three GTP-binding proteins encoded by the recently identified rac1, rac2, and ralA genes also undergo isoprenoid modification. cDNAs coding for each protein were transcribed in vitro, and the RNAs were translated in reticulocyte lysates. Incorporation of isoprenoid precursors, [3H]mevalonate or [3H]farnesyl pyrophosphate, indicated that the translation products were modified by isoprenyl groups. A protein recognized by an antibody to rac1 also comigrated with a protein metabolically labeled by a product of [3H] mevalonate in cultured cells. Gel permeation chromatography of radiolabeled hydrocarbons released from the rac1, rac2, and ralA proteins by reaction with Raney nickel catalyst indicated that unlike p21Hras, which was modified by a 15-carbon moiety, the rac and ralA translation products were modified by 20-carbon isoprenyl groups. Site-directed mutagenesis established that the isoprenylated cysteines in the rac1, rac2, and ralA proteins were located in the fourth position from the carboxyl terminus. The three-amino acid extension distal to the cysteine was required for this modification. The isoprenylation of rac1 (CSLL), ralA (CCIL), and the site-directed mutants rac1 (CRLL) and ralA (CSIL), demonstrates that the amino acid adjacent to the cysteine need not be aliphatic. Therefore, proteins with carboxyl-terminal CXXX sequences that depart from the CAAX motif should be considered as potential targets for isoprenoid modification.
Growth Temperature Window and Self-Limiting Process in Sub-Atomic-Layer Epitaxy (1996)

We have recently proposed a sub-atomic-layer epitaxy (SALE) technique by which Si is grown submonolayer-by-submonolayer from Si 2 H 6 on Si(001). In this technique, Si submonolayer adsorption and surface thermal excitation are repeated alternately and an atomically flat surface is obtained in every growth cycle. In this work, SALE growth has been carried out using resistive substrate heating and Ar + laser irradiation for the thermal surface excitation and the role of the laser irradiation and the relationship between the growth conditions and the growth mode have been quantitatively investigated. The results indicate a substrate temperature window of ∼17±4° C the presence of which has been interpreted in terms of a self-limiting process in the SALE growth. When 5–7 Ω· cm p-type Si(001) substrate is used, a change of the laser power by 0.2 W shifts the substrate temperature window by ∼10±4° C which is in reasonable agreement with the value of ∼12° C estimated using the result of thermally decomposed CVD growth, indicating that the laser irradiation has primarily a thermal effect. The growth mode is controlled by the surface temperature which is controlled by the combination of the Ar + laser irradiation and the resistive heating.
Liver-specific Activities of FGF19 Require Klotho beta (2007)

Hepatocyte function is regulated by members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of proteins, but little is known about the specific molecular mechanisms of this endocrine pathway. FGF19 regulates bile acid homeostasis and gall bladder filling; FGF19 binds only to FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4), but its liver-specific activity cannot be explained solely by the distribution of this receptor. Although it has been suggested that Klotho beta (KLB) may have a role in mediating FGF19 activity, we have provided for the first time definitive evidence that KLB is required for FGF19 binding to FGFR4, intracellular signaling, and downstream modulation of gene expression. We have shown that FGFR4 is widely distributed in mouse, whereas KLB distribution is more restricted. Liver was the only organ in which both genes were abundantly expressed. We show that in mice, FGF19 injection triggers liver-specific induction of c-Fos and repression of CYP7A1. The tissue-specific activity of FGF19 supports the unique intersection of KLB and FGFR4 distribution in liver. These studies define KLB as a novel FGFR4 coreceptor required for FGF19 liver specific functions.
Automated detection, 3D segmentation and analysis of high resolution spine MR images using statistical shape models (2012)

Recent advances in high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the spine provide a basis for the automated assessment of intervertebral disc (IVD) and vertebral body (VB) anatomy. High resolution three-dimensional (3D) morphological information contained in these images may be useful for early detection and monitoring of common spine disorders, such as disc degeneration. This work proposes an automated approach to extract the 3D segmentations of lumbar and thoracic IVDs and VBs from MR images using statistical shape analysis and registration of grey level intensity profiles. The algorithm was validated on a dataset of volumetric scans of the thoracolumbar spine of asymptomatic volunteers obtained on a 3T scanner using the relatively new 3D T2-weighted SPACE pulse sequence. Manual segmentations and expert radiological findings of early signs of disc degeneration were used in the validation. There was good agreement between manual and automated segmentation of the IVD and VB volumes with the mean Dice scores of 0.89 ± 0.04 and 0.91 ± 0.02 and mean absolute surface distances of 0.55 ± 0.18 mm and 0.67 ± 0.17 mm respectively. The method compares favourably to existing 3D MR segmentation techniques for VBs. This is the first time IVDs have been automatically segmented from 3D volumetric scans and shape parameters obtained were used in preliminary analyses to accurately classify (100% sensitivity, 98.3% specificity) disc abnormalities associated with early degenerative changes.
Targeted Gene Delivery with a Low Molecular Weight Glycopeptide Carrier (1995)

A low molecular weight glycopeptide carrier was prepared by coupling a tyrosinamide-triantennary oligosaccharide to dp19 poly-L-lysine resulting in a 1:1 conjugate. The glycopeptide carrier complexed with plasmid DNA as evidenced by displacement of intercalated dye, light scattering by condensed DNA, and immobility of complexed DNA upon agarose gel electrophoresis. DNA-carrier complexes were endocytosed into HepG2 cells via the asialoglycoprotein receptor due to recognition of terminal galactose residues on the oligosaccharide. The resulting luciferase reporter gene expression was dramatically influenced by the solubility of complexes, the extent of complexation, and the presence of the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine. The results suggest that low molecular weight glycopeptides may be suitable for further development as well-defined DNA carriers for receptor-mediated gene delivery in vivo.
The ald Gene, Encoding a Coenzyme A-Acylating Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Distinguishes Clostridium beijerinckii and Two Other Solvent-Producing Clostridia from Clostridium acetobutylicum (1999)

The coenzyme A (CoA)-acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) catalyzes a key reaction in the acetone- and butanol (solvent)-producing clostridia. It reduces acetyl-CoA and butyryl-CoA to the corresponding aldehydes, which are then reduced by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to form ethanol and 1-butanol. The ALDH of Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B593 was purified. It had no ADH activity, was NAD(H) specific, and was more active with butyraldehyde than with acetaldehyde. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified ALDH was determined. The open reading frame preceding the ctfA gene (encoding a subunit of the solvent-forming CoA transferase) of C. beijerinckii NRRL B593 was identified as the structural gene (ald) for the ALDH. The ald gene encodes a polypeptide of 468 amino acid residues with a calculated M(r) of 51, 353. The position of the ald gene in C. beijerinckii NRRL B593 corresponded to that of the aad/adhE gene (encoding an aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase) of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and DSM 792. In Southern analyses, a probe derived from the C. acetobutylicum aad/adhE gene did not hybridize to restriction fragments of the genomic DNAs of C. beijerinckii and two other species of solvent-producing clostridia. In contrast, a probe derived from the C. beijerinckii ald gene hybridized to restriction fragments of the genomic DNA of three solvent-producing species but not to those of C. acetobutylicum, indicating a key difference among the solvent-producing clostridia. The amino acid sequence of the ALDH of C. beijerinckii NRRL B593 was most similar (41% identity) to those of the eutE gene products (CoA-acylating ALDHs) of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, whereas it was about 26% identical to the ALDH domain of the aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenases of C. acetobutylicum, E. coli, Lactococcus lactis, and amitochondriate protozoa. The predicted secondary structure of the C. beijerinckii ALDH suggests the presence of an atypical Rossmann fold for NAD(+) binding. A comparison of the proposed catalytic pockets of the CoA-dependent and CoA-independent ALDHs identified 6 amino acids that may contribute to interaction with CoA.
Palladium Oxidase Catalysis: Selective Oxidation of Organic Chemicals by Direct Dioxygen‐Coupled Turnover (2004)

Selective aerobic oxidation of organic molecules is a fundamental and practical challenge in modern chemistry. Effective solutions to this problem must overcome the intrinsic reactivity and selectivity challenges posed by the chemistry of molecular oxygen, and they must find application in diverse classes of oxidation reactions. Palladium oxidase catalysis combines the versatility of Pd(II)-mediated oxidation of organic substrates with dioxygen-coupled oxidation of the reduced palladium catalyst to enable a broad range of selective aerobic oxidation reactions. Recent developments revealed that cocatalysts (e.g. Cu(II), polyoxometalates, and benzoquinone) are not essential for efficient oxidation of Pd(0) by molecular oxygen. Oxidatively stable ligands play an important role in these reactions by minimizing catalyst decomposition, promoting the direct reaction between palladium and dioxygen, modulating organic substrate reactivity and permitting asymmetric catalysis.
Resource Competition between Host and Pathogen (1993)

Journal Article Resource Competition Betweer Host and Pathogen: An application of resource-ratio theory to disease Get access Val H. Smith Val H. Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 43, Issue 1, January 1993, Pages 21–31, https://doi.org/10.2307/1312103 Published: 01 January 1993
Single droplet drying for optimal spray drying of enzymes and probiotics (2012)

Spray drying is a mild and cost-effective convective drying method. It can be applied to stabilise heat sensitive ingredients, such as enzymes and probiotic bacteria, albeit in industrial practice for example freeze drying or freezing are often preferred. The reason is that optimum drying conditions and tailored matrix formulations are required to avoid severe heat damage leading to loss in enzyme activity or reduced survival of bacteria. An overview is provided on the use of protective carbohydrate-rich formulations in the spray drying of enzymes and probiotics. Subsequently, single droplet drying experimentation methods are reviewed for mapping drying trajectories of individual droplets. The advantage of these is to provide insight in inactivation kinetics of enzymes and probiotics and thus contribute to unravelling of stabilisation mechanisms. Finally, it is shown that detailed modelling of single droplet drying and insight in micro-structural changes during drying can be complementary to the experimental single droplet approaches.
Peptide-decorated gold nanoparticles via strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition and post assembly deprotection (2014)

A new method combining an interfacial strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition and post assembly deprotection (SPAAC-PAD) has been developed for the well-defined functionalization of small, water-soluble gold nanoparticles with oligopeptides.
Experience with Learning Agents which Manage Internet-Based Information (1996)

To provide assistance with tasks such as retrieving USENET news articles or identifying interesting Web pages, an intelligent agent requires information about a user&amp;apos;s interests and needs. Machine learning techniques are now being used to acquire this information. A general architecture is presented, and two approaches to learning through observation are described. An instantiation of the architecture is then evaluated. Introduction The recent, rapid growth of the Internet has led to enormous amounts of on-line information. However, as the volume of this information has increased, so have the problems encountered by users in dealing with it. Software agents have been proposed as a solution to this problem. They may be characterised as systems which aid and assist a user with a common task, employing some degree of learning or adaptation to improve the quality of their assistance over time. Agents have been described as: &amp;quot;...computer programs which employ Artificial Intelligence techni...
Testing Human Hair for Cannabis II. Identification of THC-COOH by GC-MS-NCI as a Unique Proof (1995)

To validate information on cannabis use, 11-nor-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic (THC-COOH) was investigated in human hair. The identification of THC-COOH in hair would document cannabis use more effectively than the detection of the parent drug which might have come from environmental exposure in a smoky atmosphere. Samples (100 mg) were decontaminated with methylene chloride and destroyed by incubation in 1 mL of 1 N sodium hydroxide for 30 min at 95 degrees C in presence of 10 ng of THC-COOH-d3. After cooling, samples were extracted by n-hexane/ethyl acetate after acidification with acetic acid. After derivatization by PFPA-PFP-OH of the dry extract, drugs were separated on a HP1 capillary column, and detected by mass spectrometry (m/z 602) using negative chemical ionization with methane as reagent gas. Among 30 samples obtained from subjects deceased from fatal heroin overdose, 17 tested positive for THC-COOH, in the range 0.02-0.39 ng/mg, with an average of 0.12 ng/mg.