gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth Inhibition of Glioma Cells by Liposome-mediated Cell Transfection with Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene (1992)

A new approach to the treatment of malignant glioma is cytokine gene therapy to produce growth inhibitors in cells. Previously, we showed that human glioma cells selectively transfected with the gene of interferon (IFN)-beta and/or IFN-gamma by our novel liposomes tagged with monoclonal antibody against a glioma-associated antigen achieved a remarkable growth inhibition effect. In the present experiment, we demonstrated the effectiveness of gene therapy against glioma cells using liposomes bearing a plasmid containing the gene for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. We also found that the effect of endogenous TNF-alpha was enhanced by treatment of IFN-gamma prior to the transfection with the TNF-alpha gene.
Atomic-Resolution Imaging of Fast Nanoscale Dynamics with Bright Microsecond Electron Pulses (2020)

Atomic-resolution electron microscopy is a crucial tool to elucidate the structure of matter. Recently, fast electron cameras have added the time domain to high-resolution imaging, allowing static images to be acquired as movies from which sample drift can later be removed computationally and enabling real-time observations of atomic-scale dynamics on the millisecond time scale. Even higher time resolution can be achieved with short electron pulses, yet their potential for atomic-resolution imaging remains unexplored. Here, we generate high-brightness microsecond electron pulses from a Schottky emitter whose current we briefly drive to near its limit. We demonstrate that drift-corrected imaging with such pulses can achieve atomic resolution in the presence of much larger amounts of drift than with a continuous electron beam. Moreover, such pulses enable atomic-resolution observations on the microsecond time scale, which we employ to elucidate the crystallization pathways of individual metal nanoparticles as well as the high-temperature transformation of perovskite nanocrystals.
Methodology for the Synthesis of New Multifunctional Polymers for Photorefractive Applications (1999)

Well-defined multifunctional polymers, bearing charge transporting (CT) and nonlinear optical (NLO) functionality covalently attached to each repeat unit, were synthesized and characterized. A series of polysiloxanes were prepared that possessed either diarylamine, carbazole, or triarylamine CT moieties. High Tg polyurethanes, comprised of alternating CT and NLO units, were synthesized from NLO functionalized diols and N,N-bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)aniline. Polyimides, exhibiting high thermal stabilities, were obtained from a fluorinated dianhydride and a multifunctional (CT and NLO) diamine. Polymers were prepared containing two NLO chromophores per repeat unit, thereby doubling the NLO chromophore density over conventional NLO materials.
[Occurrence of subdural hematoma closely associated with danazol administration in a patient with refractory ITP]. (1990)

We reported a 34-year-old female patient with refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in whom a subacute subdural hematoma occurred without any preceding trauma during danazol administration which resulted in a marked decrease of plasma fibrinogen level. It is strongly suggested that danazol should be very carefully administered in ITP patients with serious bleeding tendency.
Exogenous ACE2 Expression Allows Refractory Cell Lines To Support Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication (2005)

Of 30 cell lines and primary cells examined, productive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (Urbani strain) (SARS-CoV) infection after low-multiplicity inoculation was detected in only six: three African green monkey kidney epithelial cell lines (Vero, Vero E6, and MA104), a human colon epithelial line (CaCo-2), a porcine kidney epithelial line [PK(15)], and mink lung epithelial cells (Mv 1 Lu). SARS-CoV produced a lytic infection in Vero, Vero E6, and MA104 cells, but there was no visible cytopathic effect in Caco-2, Mv 1 Lu, or PK(15) cells. Multistep growth kinetics were identical in Vero E6 and MA104 cells, with maximum titer reached 24 h postinoculation (hpi). Virus titer was maximal 96 hpi in CaCo-2 cells, and virus was continually produced from infected CaCo-2 cells for at least 6 weeks after infection. CaCo-2 was the only human cell type of 13 tested that supported efficient SARS-CoV replication. Expression of the SARS-CoV receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), resulted in SARS-CoV replication in all refractory cell lines examined. Titers achieved were variable and dependent upon the method of ACE2 expression.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Influence of Pulsatile Intraventricular Pumping on Ventricular Pressure Patterns (1994)

The Pulsatile catheter (PUCA) pump consists of a single port membrane pump connected to an indwelling valved catheter. This so-called transarterial blood pump was originally designed to be introduced through a superficial artery into the left ventricular cavity to pump blood from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta. By introducing the catheter directly into the thoracic aorta or the pulmonary artery, the possibility is created of applying large-diameter catheter PUCA pumps as left, right, or biventricular assist devices (LVAD, RVAD, or BIVAD) without damaging any of the structures of the heart. The pump performance of an 8 mm PUCA pump prototype (internal diameter catheter, 8 mm; catheter length, 40 cm; stroke volume, 80 ml) was studied in a mock circulation to investigate the influence of pulsatile intraventricular pumping on ventricular pressure patterns. The pumping mode of the PUCA pump was changed from approximately 1:1 ([n + 1]:n) to 1:2 ([1/2n + 1]:n) and 1:3 ([1/3n + 1]:n) in relation to the frequency of a ventricle-simulating membrane pump. Apart from the pumping mode, timing of the PUCA pump driving system (ejection phase) seems to be crucial in obtaining optimal unloading of the ventricle.
Pigeons (Columba livia) as Trainable Observers of Pathology and Radiology Breast Cancer Images (2015)

Pathologists and radiologists spend years acquiring and refining their medically essential visual skills, so it is of considerable interest to understand how this process actually unfolds and what image features and properties are critical for accurate diagnostic performance. Key insights into human behavioral tasks can often be obtained by using appropriate animal models. We report here that pigeons (Columba livia)-which share many visual system properties with humans-can serve as promising surrogate observers of medical images, a capability not previously documented. The birds proved to have a remarkable ability to distinguish benign from malignant human breast histopathology after training with differential food reinforcement; even more importantly, the pigeons were able to generalize what they had learned when confronted with novel image sets. The birds' histological accuracy, like that of humans, was modestly affected by the presence or absence of color as well as by degrees of image compression, but these impacts could be ameliorated with further training. Turning to radiology, the birds proved to be similarly capable of detecting cancer-relevant microcalcifications on mammogram images. However, when given a different (and for humans quite difficult) task-namely, classification of suspicious mammographic densities (masses)-the pigeons proved to be capable only of image memorization and were unable to successfully generalize when shown novel examples. The birds' successes and difficulties suggest that pigeons are well-suited to help us better understand human medical image perception, and may also prove useful in performance assessment and development of medical imaging hardware, image processing, and image analysis tools.
A Randomized Trial of Induction Chemotherapy plus High-Dose Radiation versus Radiation Alone in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (1990)

In patients with Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer, induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and vinblastine before radiation significantly improves median survival (by about four months) and doubles the number of long-term survivors, as compared with radiation therapy alone. Since three quarters of the patients still die within three years, however, further improvements in systemic and local therapy are needed.
Texture of white blood cells expressed by the counting densitogram, (1981)

The counting of particles and holes in white blood cells during thresholding at different gray levels results in a histogram, the counting densitogram, which contains information about granularity. Parameters describing the shape of this histogram appear to be sufficiently characteristic for the five normal white blood cell classes to allow a 84% correct discrimination between them. This method to quantitate granularity could be valuable for the analysis of cell texture and therefore, when used in combination with geometrical and density histogram parameters, could contribute to the results of morphometric discrimination between other than normal white blood cells.
Spontaneous Catalyst Fracture and Its Influence on Nascent Polyethylene Morphology (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpontaneous Catalyst Fracture and Its Influence on Nascent Polyethylene MorphologyH. D. Chanzy and R. H. MarchessaultCite this: Macromolecules 1969, 2, 1, 108–110Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60007a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60007a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of purity and enrichment of CD34 + cells from bone marrow, umbilical cord and peripheral blood (primed for apheresis) using five separation systems (1995)

Interest in the isolation and characterization of primitive hemopoietic cells in both the clinical and research fields has rapidly increased. In parallel, different purification systems have been developed to isolate these cells. We have compared five different methods for separation of CD34+ cells from human umbilical cord blood, normal bone marrow and apheresis harvests and analyzed purity, recovery, yield and enrichment of colony forming cells (CFC) for each individual system. Our results indicate that the most reliable methods of purification for all samples were fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) which consistently yielded high purities (> 70%) and enrichment of CFC. In this respect the enrichment of CFC from the MACS was superior to all the other systems including FACS. Similar results (> 70%) for purity were obtained using avidin affinity columns and a biotinylated antibody but neither yield nor CFC enrichment approached the values achieved with MACS. On average CFC enrichment using these affinity columns was greater than that observed for FACS while the purity was comparable. Both CELLector flasks and immunomagnetic beads coated with CD34 antibodies were less effective in our hands in separating purified populations of progenitor cells. Both purity and CFC enrichment of CD34+ cells using these methods were at least 50% lower than obtained with either FACS, MACS or affinity columns.
Isolation and sequencing of cDNAs for proteins with multiple domains of Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeats identify a distinct family of collagenous proteins. (1994)

We have isolated overlapping mouse cDNAs encoding a collagenous polypeptide that we have designated alpha 1(XVIII) collagen. Nucleotide sequence analysis shows that alpha 1(XVIII) collagen contains 10 triple-helical domains separated and flanked by non-triple-helical regions. Within the non-triple-helical regions, there are several Ser-Gly-containing sequences that conform to consensus sequences for glycosaminoglycan attachment sites in proteoglycan core proteins. Northern blots show that alpha 1(XVIII) transcripts are present in multiple organs, with the highest levels in liver, lung, and kidney. We have also isolated overlapping cDNAs encoding human alpha 1(XV) collagen, and their sequence extends a published partial alpha 1(XV) sequence to the 3' end. Comparison of the alpha 1(XV) and alpha 1(XVIII) sequences reveals a striking similarity in the lengths of the six most carboxyl-terminal triple-helical domains. In addition, within the carboxyl non-triple-helical domain NC1 of the two chains, a region of 177 amino acid residues shows about 60% identity at the amino acid level. We suggest, therefore, that alpha 1(XV) and alpha 1(XVIII) collagens are structurally related. Their structure is different from that of other known collagen types. We conclude that they belong to a subfamily of extracellular matrix proteins and we suggest the designation multiplexins (for protein with multiple triple-helix domains and interruptions) for members of this subfamily.
A review of the applications of tunnel boring machines in mines (2014)

Excavation by tunnel boring machines (TBMs) offers many advantages over conventional excavation methods, in terms of safety level, working environment, advance rate and overall cost. While TBMs have been extensively used in civil tunnel construction, they are also viewed as a competitive alternative to the drill-and-blast method for underground mining, attracting increasing attention from the mining industry. This paper presents an overview and general assessment on applications of TBMs in mines, by reviewing more than 60 TBM applications in underground/open pit coal and hard rock mines around the world. The projects range from the early exploratory trials of TBMs in mines in Germany, England, South Africa and America in the 1960s and 1970s, to the ongoing projects in Australia, China and Chile. The paper focuses on the geological compatibilities, the problems encountered, the solutions undertaken and the lessons learned from those projects. The paper summarises the progress made in the past and highlights the challenges faced by TBMs in mining due to complex ground conditions and geometrical requirements. With the technological advances of TBM and experiences gained in the past, more applications of TBMs are expected in underground coal and hard rock mines.
Associations of Total and High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older Persons (2012)

Adiponectin exhibits distinct associations with mortality in elders, which shift from U-shaped to flat to direct with greater baseline cardiovascular dysfunction but become more consistently adverse after accounting for metabolic/inflammatory factors presumed to be favorably regulated by the adipokine. These findings advance understanding of the adiponectin paradox as it relates to older adults.
Software testability: the new verification (1995)

Most verification is concerned with finding incorrect code. Instead, this view looks at the probability that the code will fail if it is faulty. The authors present the benefits of their approach, describe how to design for it, and show how to measure testability through sensitivity analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A role for T lymphocytes in mediating cardiac diastolic function (2005)

The induction of T helper (TH) lymphocytes by distinct TH ligands results in a differentiation to TH1/TH2 subsets based on their unique pattern of cytokine secretion and effector functions. We hypothesized that the relative proportion of TH1/TH2 directly relates to cardiac fibroblast (CF) function and thereby cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and cardiac diastolic function in the absence of injury or altered wall stress. We compared the effect of selective TH1 with TH2 inducers on cardiac gene expression, ECM composition, and diastolic function in C57BL/J mice. Twelve weeks after immune modulation, the left ventricular stiffness (beta) was significantly increased in the TH1 group and decreased in the TH2 group (P < 0.01). The TH2 group also demonstrated significantly increased end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (P < 0.01). Cardiac gene expression patterns for pro-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and -13 were increased by greater than fivefold in the TH2 group and significantly decreased in the TH1 group (P < 0.05). The total cardiac collagen and cross-linked collagen were significantly increased in the TH1 group and decreased in the TH2 group (P < 0.01). Coculturing lymphocytes harvested from the treated mice with naive primary CF demonstrated a direct control of the lymphocytes on CF pro-collagen, pro-MMP gene expression, and MMP activity. These results suggest that the TH phenotype differentially affects diastolic function through modulating CF pro-collagen and pro-MMP gene expression, MMP activity, and cardiac collagen cross-linking, resulting in altered ECM composition. Thus modulation of TH lymphocyte function could promote adaptive remodeling in heart failure and postmyocardial infarction.
Caffeine and Coffee as Therapeutics Against Alzheimer's Disease (2010)

Epidemiologic studies have increasingly suggested that caffeine/coffee could be an effective therapeutic against Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have utilized a transgenic mouse model for AD in well-controlled studies to determine if caffeine and/or coffee have beneficial actions to protect against or reverse AD-like cognitive impairment and AD pathology. AD mice given caffeine in their drinking water from young adulthood into older age showed protection against memory impairment and lower brain levels of the abnormal protein (amyloid-beta; Abeta) thought to be central to AD pathogenesis. Moreover, "aged" cognitively-impaired AD mice exhibited memory restoration and lower brain Abeta levels following only 1-2 months of caffeine treatment. We believe that the cognitive benefits of chronic caffeine administration in AD mice are due to caffeine itself, and not metabolites of caffeine; this, because our long-term administration of theophylline to AD mice provided no cognitive benefits. In acute studies involving AD mice, one oral caffeine treatment quickly reduced both brain and plasma Abeta levels - similarly rapid alterations in plasma Abeta levels were seen in humans following acute caffeine administration. "Caffeinated" coffee provided to AD mice also quickly decreased plasma Abeta levels, but not "decaffeinated" coffee, suggesting that caffeine is critical to decreasing blood Abeta levels. Caffeine appears to provide its disease-modifying effects through multiple mechanisms, including a direct reduction of Abeta production through suppression of both beta- and gamma-secretase levels. These results indicate a surprising ability of moderate caffeine intake (the human equivalent of 500 mg caffeine or 5 cups of coffee per day) to protect against or treat AD in a mouse model for the disease and a therapeutic potential for caffeine against AD in humans.
Selective inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 blocks initiation and maintenance of B-cell transformation (2015)

Epigenetic events that are essential drivers of lymphocyte transformation remain incompletely characterized. We used models of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced B-cell transformation to document the relevance of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) to regulation of epigenetic-repressive marks during lymphomagenesis. EBV(+) lymphomas and transformed cell lines exhibited abundant expression of PRMT5, a type II PRMT enzyme that promotes transcriptional silencing of target genes by methylating arginine residues on histone tails. PRMT5 expression was limited to EBV-transformed cells, not resting or activated B lymphocytes, validating it as an ideal therapeutic target. We developed a first-in-class, small-molecule PRMT5 inhibitor that blocked EBV-driven B-lymphocyte transformation and survival while leaving normal B cells unaffected. Inhibition of PRMT5 led to lost recruitment of a PRMT5/p65/HDAC3-repressive complex on the miR96 promoter, restored miR96 expression, and PRMT5 downregulation. RNA-sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments identified several tumor suppressor genes, including the protein tyrosine phosphatase gene PTPROt, which became silenced during EBV-driven B-cell transformation. Enhanced PTPROt expression following PRMT5 inhibition led to dephosphorylation of kinases that regulate B-cell receptor signaling. We conclude that PRMT5 is critical to EBV-driven B-cell transformation and maintenance of the malignant phenotype, and that PRMT5 inhibition shows promise as a novel therapeutic approach for B-cell lymphomas.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Donor−Acceptor Copolymers (2009)

Three kinds of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based donor−acceptor (D-A) type copolymers, poly{9,9-di(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl-alt-3,6-dithien-2-yl-2,5-di(2-ethylhexyl)-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-5′,5′′-diyl} (PF-DTDPP), poly{N-(1-decylundecyl)carbazole-2,7-diyl-alt-3,6-dithien-2-yl-2,5-di(2-ethylhexyl)-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-5′,5′′-diyl} (PC-DTDPP), and poly{N-[1-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-ethylheptanyl]-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole-3,6-dithien-2-yl-2,5-di(2-ethylhexyl)-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-5′,5′′-diyl} (PDTP-DTDPP) were synthesized. By changing the donor segments, the absorption ranges of DTDPP-containing copolymers can be tuned. PF-DTDPP and PC-DTDPP showed absorption bands in the range of 500−700 nm, while PDTP-DTDPP showed broad absorption in the range of 500−1000 nm in the solutions. The power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of the polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on these copolymers and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were 0.88% (PF-DTDPP), 2.26% (PC-DTDPP), and 1.12% (PDTP-DTDPP), respectively, under the illumination of AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm2). The monochromatic photocurrent responses of the PSCs based on PDTP-DTDPP:PCBM blends extend to the near-infrared region around 1 μm, which makes this material a promising candidate for the application in the multilayer or tandem photovoltaic devices combined with the conventional visible light absorbing materials.