gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Captopril inhibits angiogenesis and slows the growth of experimental tumors in rats. (1996)

Captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme, is widely used clinically to manage hypertension and congestive heart failure. Here captopril is shown to be an inhibitor of angiogenesis able to block neovascularization induced in the rat cornea. Captopril acted directly and specifically on capillary endothelial cells, inhibiting their chemotaxis with a biphasic dose-response curve showing an initial decrease at clinically achievable doses under 10 microM and a further slow decline in the millimolar range. Captopril inhibition of endothelial cell migration was not mediated by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, but was suppressed by zinc. Direct inhibition by captopril of zinc-dependent endothelial cell-derived 72-and 92-kD metalloproteinases known to be essential for angiogenesis was also seen. When used systemically on rats captopril inhibited corneal neovascularization and showed the antitumor activity expected of an inhibitor of angiogenesis, decreasing the number of mitoses present in carcinogen-induced foci of preneoplastic liver cells and slowing the growth rate of an experimental fibrosarcoma whose cells were resistant to captopril in vitro. These data define this widely used drug as a new inhibitor of neovascularization and raise the possibility that patients on long term captopril therapy may derive unexpected benefits from its antiangiogenic activities.
Cytokine mRNA expression in postischemic/reperfused myocardium. (1995)

While the role of cytokines in mediating injury during hind limb skeletal muscle ischemia followed by reperfusion has recently been described, the role of cytokines in myocardial infarction and ischemia/reperfusion have remained relatively unexplored. We hypothesize that cytokines play an important role in the regulation of postischemic myocardial inflammation. This study reports the temporal sequence of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in postischemic/reperfused myocardium and localizes interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-protein by immunostaining. Rats were subjected to either permanent left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion or to 35 minutes of LAD occlusion followed by reperfusion and sacrificed up to 7 days later. Rat-specific oligonucleotide probes were used to semiquantitatively assess the relative expression of mRNA for TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) utilizing the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction amplification technique. Increased cardiac mRNA levels for all cytokines except IL-6 and IFN-gamma were measurable within 15 to 30 minutes of LAD occlusion and increased levels were generally sustained for 3 hours. During early reperfusion, mRNA levels for IL-6 and TGF-beta 1 were significantly reduced compared with permanent LAD occlusion. In both groups, cytokine mRNA levels all returned to baseline levels at 24 hours, while IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta 1 mRNA levels again rose significantly at 7 days only in animals with permanent LAD occlusion. Immunostaining for IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha protein revealed two patterns of reactivity: 1) microvascular staining for both IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha protein only in postischemic reperfused myocardium in early post-reperfusion time points; and 2) staining of infiltrating macrophages in healing infarct zones which was most prominent at 7 days after permanent LAD occlusion. These results provide evidence for local expression of cytokine mRNA in postischemic myocardium and suggest that regulation of local cytokine release is altered during the postischemic period.
Electrode Motion Artifacts in Electrical Impedance Pneumography (1985)

For electrical impedance pneumography, we measured electrode motion artifacts for four different electrode circuits (bipolar, tetrapolar, guarded bipolar, and guarded tetrapolar). Experiments used 10 different electrode configurations each with 4 different subject activities on 10 subjects. These show that 1) the common small-area bipolar electrode configuration is the worst in several measures of artifact sensitivity; 2) increasing the electrode area from 0.8 to 33 cm2 reduces the mean compliant, arm-motion and body-motion artifacts to 57, 45, and 32 percent, respectively, of normal; 3) changing the circuit from bipolar to tetrapolar without changing area changes these artifacts to 106, 65, and 65 percent of normal; 4) changing the circuit from bipolar to guarded bipolar without changing area reduces these artifacts to 87, 57, and 55 percent of normal; and 5) changing the circuit from guarded bipolar to guarded tetrapolar without changing area changes these artifacts to 106, 91, and 110 percent of normal. These results suggest that developers of apnea monitors use larger area electrodes and consider use of a tetrapolar or guarded bipolar circuit.
Closed-Form Inverse Kinematics for Interventional C-Arm X-Ray Imaging With Six Degrees of Freedom: Modeling and Application (2012)

For trauma and orthopedic surgery, maneuvering a mobile C-arm fluoroscope into a desired position to acquire an X-ray is a routine surgical task. The precision and ease of use of the C-arm becomes even more important for advanced interventional imaging techniques such as parallax-free X-ray image stitching. Today's standard mobile C-arms have been modeled with only five degrees of freedom (DOF), which definitely restricts their motions in 3-D Cartesian space. In this paper, we present a method to model both the mobile C-arm and patient's table as an integrated kinematic chain having six DOF without constraining table position. The closed-form solutions for the inverse kinematics problem are derived in order to obtain the required values for all C-arm joint and table movements to position the fluoroscope at a desired pose. The modeling method and the closed-form solutions can be applied to general isocentric or nonisocentric mobile C-arms. By achieving this we develop an efficient and intuitive inverse kinematics-based method for parallax-free panoramic X-ray imaging. In addition, we implement a 6-DOF C-arm system from a low-cost mobile fluoroscope to optimally acquire X-ray images based solely on the computation of the required movement for each joint by solving the inverse kinematics on a continuous basis. Through simulation experimentation, we demonstrate that the 6-DOF C-arm model has a larger working space than the 5-DOF model. C-arm repositioning experiments show the practicality and accuracy of our 6-DOF C-arm system. We also evaluate the novel parallax-free X-ray stitching method on phantom and dry bones. Using five trials, results show that parallax-free panoramas generated by our method are of high visual quality and within clinical tolerances for accurate evaluation of long bone geometry (i.e., image and metric measurement errors are less than 1% compared to ground-truth).
Retinyl acetate inhibits estrogen-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female ACI rats (1988)

Two groups of female ACI rats were placed on powdered AIN-76 diets containing retinyl acetate (412,000 i.u. per kg diet) and two groups of rats were placed on placebo diets. Two weeks later one group from each diet was subcutaneously implanted with a 20 mg pellet containing 1 mg of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) mixed with cholesterol, and the remaining groups received 20 mg cholesterol pellet implants. The four groups of animals were maintained on their respective diet for 24 weeks after pellet implantation. The EE2-treated rats were hyperphagic and weighed less than the cholesterol-treated rats. Retinyl acetate had no effect on food consumption or body wt changes. None of the rats that received pellets composed of cholesterol only exhibited mammary carcinomas (MC) or pituitary tumors. All rats with an EE2 implant had pituitary tumors: 88% of the rats on the placebo diet had one or more MC; 70% of the rats on the retinyl acetate diet had one or more MC. The difference between the two EE2-treated groups for incidence of animals with at least one MC was not significant (chi 2). However, the EE2-treated rats on the placebo diet had approximately twice as many MC as the EE2-treated rats on the retinyl acetate diet. Thus, retinyl acetate inhibited estrogen-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female ACI rats, without evidence of gross toxicity.
Human adipose tissue endothelial cells promote preadipocyte proliferation (2001)

Adipogenesis is preceded by development of a microvascular network, and optimal functioning of adipose tissue as an energy store and endocrine organ is dependent on extensive vascularization. We have examined the role of endothelial cell-derived factors that influence the proliferation of human preadipocytes. Microvascular endothelial cells and preadipocytes were isolated from human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies by use of a developed procedure of collagenase digest, immunoselection, and differential trypsinization. Conditioned medium from microvascular endothelial cell cultures promoted the proliferation of preadipocytes (P = <0.001) and (to a lesser extent) other cell types. No depot-specific differences in mitogenic capacity of microvascular endothelial cell medium or of preadipocyte response were observed. These results indicate that adipose tissue endothelial cells secrete soluble adipogenic factor(s).
A Computer Vision System on a Chip: a case study from the automotive domain (2006)

The automotive market puts strict and often conflicting requirements on computer vision systems. On the one hand the algorithms require considerable computing power to work reliably in real-time and under a wide range of lighting conditions. On the other hand, the cost must be kept low, the package size must be small and the power consumption must be low. In addition, automotive qualified parts must be used both to withstand the harsh operating environment and to guarantee long product life. To meet all these conflicting requirements Mobileye developed the EyeQ, a complete ’system on a chip’ (SoC) which has the computing power to support a variety of applications such as lane, vehicle and pedestrian detection. This paper describes the process of designing an ASIC to support a family of vision algorithms.
Zika virus impairs growth in human neurospheres and brain organoids (2016)

Since the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), reports of microcephaly have increased considerably in Brazil; however, causality between the viral epidemic and malformations in fetal brains needs further confirmation. We examined the effects of ZIKV infection in human neural stem cells growing as neurospheres and brain organoids. Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, we showed that ZIKV targets human brain cells, reducing their viability and growth as neurospheres and brain organoids. These results suggest that ZIKV abrogates neurogenesis during human brain development.
Repeated ICV administration of oxyntomodulin causes a greater reduction in body weight gain than in pair-fed rats (2002)

Oxyntomodulin (OXM) is a product of proglucagon processing in the intestine and the central nervous system. We reported that intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intranuclear administration of OXM caused an inhibition of food intake in rats (Dakin CL, Gunn I, Small CJ, Edwards CM, Hay DL, Smith DM, Ghatei MA, and Bloom SR. Endocrinology 142: 4244-4250, 2001). In this study, we investigated the effect of twice-daily ICV administration of OXM, 1 nmol, for 7 days. A pair-fed control was included. These animals were restricted to the food intake of the OXM group but injected twice daily with saline. OXM-treated animals gained significantly less weight than either control group (day 8: OXM, 12.2 +/- 1.9 g vs. pair fed, 21.0 +/- 2.1 g; P < 0.005). OXM treatment caused a reduction in epididymal white adipose tissue (OXM, 1.13 +/- 0.03 g vs. pair fed, 1.29 +/- 0.04 g; P < 0.05) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (OXM, 0.15 +/- 0.01 g vs. pair fed, 0.18 +/- 0.01 g; P < 0.05) and increased core temperature compared with saline control, suggestive of enhanced energy expenditure. The food restriction-induced suppression in plasma TSH, seen in the pair-fed group, was prevented by OXM, potentially via increased release of hypothalamic TRH. In summary, ICV OXM causes reduced body weight gain and body adiposity following chronic administration.
CXCVI.—Emulsions (1907)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Genetic Construction and Characterization of an Anti-Monkey CD3 Single-Chain Immunotoxin with a Truncated Diphtheria Toxin (1997)

We have previously developed a chemically conjugated anti-rhesus monkey CD3 immunotoxin FN18-CRM9 that can deplete in vivo T cells and induce long term tolerance of mismatched renal allograft in rhesus monkeys. This immunotoxin is a monkey analogue of anti-human CD3 immunotoxin UCHT1-CRM9. In this study, we cloned the light and heavy chain variable regions of anti-monkey CD3 monoclonal antibody FN18 and constructed a single-chain Fv (sFv) by linking variable light and variable heavy regions with a (Gly4Ser)3 linker. The single-chain immunotoxin DT390-FN18sFv was constructed by ligating the sFv to the carboxyl terminus of DT390, a truncated form of diphtheria toxin. The DT390-FN18sFv fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified with Ni-RTA affinity and anion exchange columns. Similar to the chemically conjugated immunotoxin FN18-CRM9, DT390-FN18sFv can also specifically inhibit protein synthesis in primary monkey T cells in a dose-dependent manner. DT390-FN18sFv at 10(-7) mol/L or FN18-CRM9 at 10(-8) mol/L is sufficient to reduce protein synthesis of monkey primary T cells to less than 5% of the control. The 50% inhibition dosage (IC50) of FN18-CRM9 is 1 x 10(-10) mol/L, while the IC50 of DT390-FN18sFv is 1 x 10(-8) mol/ L, reflecting the lowered affinity of monovalent Fab' FN18 to its parental divalent antibody. The availability of functional FN18sFv will provide the basis for the construction of divalent anti-CD3 immunotoxins for preclinical studies on the induction of tolerance in organ transplantation and experimental autoimmune diseases.
[Treatment of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with a combination of fosfomycin and pefloxacin]. (1989)

Twenty-one peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis were treated by pefloxacin and intraperitoneal fosfomycin. Recovery occurred in 19 cases, there were two relapses. No major side effects was observed. This treatment seems to be easy to perform and effective.
Synthesis, Surface Properties, and Hydrolysis of Chemodegradable Anionic Surfactants:  Diastereomerically Pure Sodium cis- and trans-(2-n-Alkyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl) Sulfates (1997)

A systematic study concerning the synthesis, adsorption, micellization, and hydrolytic decomposition of new, chemodegradable and diastereomerically pure sodium cis- and trans-(2-n-alkyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl) sulfates (alkyl: n-C7H15, n-C9H19, and n-C11H23) has been undertaken. Surface parameters of the compounds under study at the aqueous solution/air interface, i.e., surface tension reduction, surface excess concentration, surface area demand per molecule, and standard free energy of adsorption and micellization, show differences both in the alkyl chain length and in the hydrophilic, i.e., sulfate group configuration at the 1,3-dioxane ring. The cmc values are lower for the trans-isomers than for the cis-isomers, the ΔG°ads and ΔG°cmc values are lower for trans-isomers, and the effectiveness of surface tension reduction is higher for the cis-isomers than for the trans-isomers. The investigated compounds undergo an easy hydrolysis reaction of the acetal function, leading to starting aldehydes and sulfated glycerol. The trans-isomers are hydrolyzed much faster than cis-isomers, and no isomerization reaction of the type cis ⇔ trans is observed during the hydrolysis process.
Comparative study of Treponemal and non-Treponemal test for screening of blood donated at a blood center (2012)

The non-Treponemal tests such as Rapid Plasma Reagin test (RPR) or the Venereal Disease Reference Laboratory test are the most commonly used test for screening of syphilis in the blood centers in India. Now, with the availability of Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Immunochromatographic assays in the market, we decided to evaluate these assays in comparison with Treponema pallidum Haemagglutination Assay (TPHA) which was considered as a gold standard for this study. A total of 8 685 samples of voluntary blood donors were tested on Trepolisa 3.0 and then the initially reactive samples were retested in duplicate on the same assay as well as on Omega Pathozyme, RPR, RAPHA (Rapid Anti-Treponema pallidum Assay), and TPHA. Of the 158 initially reactive samples, 104 were repeatedly reactive on the same assay, 85 were reactive with RPR, 77 were reactive with RAPHA, 60 were reactive on Omega, and 53 were confirmed reactive on TPHA. 48 (56.4%) of the results on RPR were biological false positive, while 21.9% of results were false negative on RPR. We evaluated that Omega Pathozyme was quite in agreement with TPHA as compared with Trepolisa 3.0, RAPHA, and RPR. We concluded that Omega Pathozyme (ELISA) can be considered as a suitable test for screening of syphilis in a blood center.
Corticosteroid treatment for sepsis (1995)

Current evidence provides no support for the use of corticosteroids in patients with sepsis or septic shock, and suggests that their use may be harmful. These trials underscore the need for future methodologically rigorous trials evaluating new immune-modulating therapies in well-defined critically ill patients with overwhelming infection.
A characterization of cytostatic factor activity from Xenopus eggs and c-mos-transformed cells. (1991)

In Xenopus oocytes, the mos proto-oncogene product is required during meiosis I for the activation of maturation promoting factor (MPF) and the subsequent breakdown of the germinal vesicle (GVBD). In addition, the mos product has been shown to be a candidate "initiator" of meiotic maturation and is an active component of cytostatic factor (CSF), an activity responsible for metaphase II arrest. Here we demonstrate that pp39mos is required throughout oocyte maturation. We found that in progesterone stimulated oocytes, depletion of mos RNA immediately before GVBD terminally decreased MPF. Likewise, oocytes depleted of mos RNA and induced to mature with crude MPF proceeded through GVBD but lacked the MPF activity required to arrest mature oocytes at metaphase II. Thus, during maturation the mos product is required, directly or indirectly, to sustain MPF activity. On the other hand, mouse NIH/3T3 cells transformed by the constitutive expression of pp39mosxc possessed CSF activity but lacked constitutive levels of MPF or its associated histone H1 kinase activity. Moreover, cytosols prepared from transformed NIH/3T3 cells or Xenopus eggs had similar levels of CSF activity, but pp39mos levels were greater than 40-fold higher in the transformed cell extract. These analyses show that maintenance of CSF during interphase does not result in the maintenance of MPF.
The ‘Swiss roll’: a simple technique for histological studies of the rodent intestine (1981)

The entire small intestine of laboratory rodents can be removed, divided in various portions, opened longitudinally and rolled with the mucosa outwards. After histological processing microscopical examination of the entire length of the small intestine is then possible.
Very early tracheal extubation without predetermined criteria in a liver transplant recipient population (2001)

This study of all patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) at our center between January 1997 and December 1999 evaluated the feasibility and safety of very early tracheal extubation without previous selection. Anesthetic management was the same in all cases, and tracheal extubation was performed on the basis of standardized criteria routinely adopted in operating rooms throughout the world, i.e., no residual curarization or anesthetic action, ability to swallow efficiently, and stable hemodynamics. One hundred sixty-nine patients underwent 181 OLTs during the study period. Tracheal extubation was performed within 3 hours of surgery in 115 cases, 8 hours in 19 cases, and 8 to 24 hours in 10 cases. In 36 cases, artificial ventilation was required for more than 24 hours or weaning was not possible. One patient died of primary graft nonfunction within 24 hours and was excluded from the analysis. The feasibility of early extubation was influenced by the amount of intraoperative transfused blood; efficacy of kidney, cardiac, and pulmonary function; and presence of encephalopathy (P <.001). No correlation was found with age or pre-OLT severity of hepatic disease, and the postoperative period was not compromised by early weaning. Very early extubation was feasible and safe in a large number of unselected transplant recipients, thus suggesting that the definition of early tracheal extubation should be changed from 8 to 3 hours after surgery.
Chimeric Rhinoviruses as Tools for Vaccine Development and Characterization of Protein Epitopes (1996)

Chimeric human rhinoviruses (HRVs) have the potential to serve as vaccines against a wide variety of diseases. Such vaccines can be developed optimally by generating libraries of chimeric HRVs displaying immunogens from dangerous pathogens or tumor cells in many different conformations. Extremely large numbers of conformationally defined presentations of foreign epitopes can be produced efficiently by flanking transplanted epitopes with linkers, or adapters, of small segments of randomized amino acids. In addition, the individual residues of the immunogenic sequences can be encoded in proportion to their prevalence in databases, generating composite immunogens that function as mimotopes. The diversity of sequences and conformations improves the likelihood of generating immunologically valuable vaccine candidates. Chimeric viruses thus generated can be propagated and purified to select for viruses whose growth and physical stability are like those of wild-type HRV. Viruses containing a foreign epitope in antigenically relevant conformations can then be captured by immunoselection with neutralizing antibodies directed against the foreign pathogen. Using this approach, we have been able to generate HRV chimeras that present V3 loop sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in immunologically relevant conformations. Antisera directed against such chimeras can neutralize multiple strains of HIV-1 in cell culture, suggesting that the HRV14:HIV-1 chimeras may be presenting their V3 loop sequences in manners that mimic those of multiple strains of HIV. Immunologically interesting chimeras can be examined using X-ray crystallography to yield detailed information about the structures of chimeras with immunogenic epitopes. This information may lead to a greater understanding of key functional and structural elements of immunogenicity. The chimeric HRV system allows one to present virtually any protein epitope or mimitope thereof, identify viruses with immunological characteristics that mimic those of the foreign pathogen, and examine the structures of these immunogenic sequences at the atomic level.