gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internet of Things (IoT): A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions (2012)

Ubiquitous sensing enabled by Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies cuts across many areas of modern day living. This offers the ability to measure, infer and understand environmental indicators, from delicate ecologies and natural resources to urban environments. The proliferation of these devices in a communicating-actuating network creates the Internet of Things (IoT), wherein, sensors and actuators blend seamlessly with the environment around us, and the information is shared across platforms in order to develop a common operating picture (COP). Fuelled by the recent adaptation of a variety of enabling device technologies such as RFID tags and readers, near field communication (NFC) devices and embedded sensor and actuator nodes, the IoT has stepped out of its infancy and is the the next revolutionary technology in transforming the Internet into a fully integrated Future Internet. As we move from www (static pages web) to web2 (social networking web) to web3 (ubiquitous computing web), the need for data-on-demand using sophisticated intuitive queries increases significantly. This paper presents a cloud centric vision for worldwide implementation of Internet of Things. The key enabling technologies and application domains that are likely to drive IoT research in the near future are discussed. A cloud implementation using Aneka, which is based on interaction of private and public clouds is presented. We conclude our IoT vision by expanding on the need for convergence of WSN, the Internet and distributed computing directed at technological research community.
Treatment of malignant lymphomas with bleomycin (1972)

Bleomycin was administered to 14 patients with malignant lymphoma or leukemia. In 10 patients with malignant lymphoma enlarged lymph nodes shrank, but in one patient with reticulum cell sarcoma there was no response. A decrease of leukocytosis occurred in 3 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The chief side effect of bleomycin was a pulmonary toxicity. There was little disturbance of hematopoiesis.
Validation of diffuse correlation spectroscopy for muscle blood flow with concurrent arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI (2007)

Calf blood flow was measured simultaneously in healthy human subjects (n = 7) during cuff inflation and deflation using near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI (ASL-MRI). The DCS and ASL-MRI data exhibited highly correlated absolute and relative dynamic flow responses in each individual (p < 0.001). Peak flow variations during hyperemia were also significantly correlated, though more for relative (p = 0.003) than absolute (p = 0.016) flow. Repeated measurement variation was less than 8% for both modalities. The results provide much needed quantitative blood flow validation of the diffuse optical correlation method in humans.
Protein folding in the periplasm of Escherichia coli (1994)

With the discovery of molecular chaperones and the development of heterologous gene expression techniques, protein folding in bacteria has come into focus as a potentially limiting factor in expression and as a topic of interest in its own right. Many proteins of importance in biotechnology contain disulphide bonds, which form in the Escherichia coli periplasm, but most work on protein folding in the periplasm of E. coli is very recent and is often speculative. This MicroReview gives a short overview of the possible fates of a periplasmic protein from the moment it is translocated, as well as of the E. coli proteins involved in this process. After an introduction to the specific physiological situation in the periplasm of E. coli, we discuss the proteins that might help other proteins to obtain their correctly folded conformation--disulphide isomerase, rotamase, parts of the translocation apparatus and putative periplasmic chaperones--and briefly cover the guided assembly of multi-subunit structures. Finally, our MicroReview turns to the fate of misfolded proteins: degradation by periplasmic proteases and aggregation phenomena.
The detection of duplicates in document image databases (2002)

We propose and implement a method for detecting duplicate documents in very large image databases. The method is based on a robust "signature" extracted from each document image which is used to index into a table of previously processed documents. The approach has a number of advantages over OCR or other recognition based methods, including speed and robustness to imaging distortions. To justify the approach and test the scalability, we have developed a simulator which allows us to change parameters of the system and examine performance for millions of document signatures. A complete system is implemented and tested on a test collection of technical articles and memos.
Analysis of non-polar deletion mutations in the genes of the spo0K (opp) operon of Bacillus subtilis (2006)

The spo0K (opp) operon of Bacillus subtilis encodes an oligopeptide permease that is required for uptake of oligopeptides, development of genetic competence, and initiation of sporulation. We made in-frame, non-polar deletion mutations in each of the first four genes of the five-gene spo0K operon and tested effects on oligopeptide transport, sporulation, and expression of competence genes. spo0KA, B, C, and D were required for sporulation, competence development, and oligopeptide transport. Disruption of spo0KE caused a less severe phenotype than did disruption of any of the other genes of the operon.
A 1.25 GHz 0.35 μm monolithic CMOS PLL clock generator for data communications (2003)

A 1.25 GHz monolithic CMOS PLL clock synthesis unit was designed for data communications. The monolithic PLL consists of a ring oscillator, divider, phase/frequency detector, charge pump and on-chip loop filter. The voltage controlled oscillator incorporates a quadrature output ring structure with sub-feedback loop embedded to speed up the circuit. The design accommodates process, supply voltage and temperature variations. The PLL has been fabricated in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process, occupies an active area of 1 mm/sup 2/ and consumes 100 mW power at 3.3 V.
A helical flow, circular microreactor for separating and enriching “smart” polymer–antibody capture reagents (2010)

We report a mechanistic study of how flow and recirculation in a microreactor can be used to optimize the capture and release of stimuli-responsive polymer-protein reagents on stimuli-responsive polymer-grafted channel surfaces. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was grafted to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel walls, creating switchable surfaces where PNIPAAm-protein conjugates would adhere at temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and released below the LCST. A PNIPAAm-streptavidin conjugate that can capture biotinylated antibody-antigen targets was first characterized. The conjugate's immobilization and release were limited by mass transport to and from the functionalized PNIPAAm surface. Transport and adsorption efficiencies were dependent on the aggregate size of the PNIPAAm-streptavidin conjugate above the LCST and also were dependent on whether the conjugates were heated in the presence of the stimuli-responsive surface or pre-aggregated and then flowed across the surface. As conjugate size increased, through the addition of non-conjugated PNIPAAm, recirculation and mixing were shown to markedly improve conjugate immobilization compared to diffusion alone. Under optimized conditions of flow and reagent concentrations, approximately 60% of the streptavidin conjugate bolus could be captured at the surface and subsequently successfully released. The kinetic release profile sharpness was also strongly improved with recirculation and helical mixing. Finally, the concentration of protein-polymer conjugates could be achieved by continuous conjugate flow into the heated recirculator, allowing nearly linear enrichment of the conjugate reagent from larger volumes. This capability was shown with anti-p24 HIV monoclonal antibody reagents that were enriched over 5-fold using this protocol. These studies provide insight into the mechanism of smart polymer-protein conjugate capture and release in grafted channels and show the potential of this purification and enrichment module for processing diagnostic samples.
Therapeutic Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Vaccines: The State of the Art (2013)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells, capable of initiating proper adaptive immune responses. Although tumor-infiltrating DCs are able to recognize cancer cells and uptake tumor antigens, they often have impaired functions because of the immunosuppressive tumor milieu. Therefore, DCs are targeted by therapeutic means either in vivo or ex vivo to facilitate tumor antigen presentation to T cells and induce or promote efficient antitumor immune responses in cancer patients. This immunotherapeutical approach is defined as specific active tumor immunotherapy or therapeutic cancer vaccination. In this review we briefly discuss general aspects of DC biology, followed by a thorough description of the current knowledge and optimization trends of DC vaccine production ex vivo, including various approaches for the induction of proper DC maturation and efficient loading with tumor antigens. We also discuss critical clinical aspects of DC vaccine application in cancer patients, including protocols of administration (routes and regimens), individualization of tumor immunotherapy, prediction and proper evaluation of immune and clinical responses to immunotherapy, and the critical role of combining tumor immunotherapy with other cancer treatment strategies to achieve maximal therapeutic effects.
Mcl‐1 overexpression leads to higher viabilities and increased production of humanized monoclonal antibody in Chinese hamster ovary cells (2009)

Bioreactor stresses, including nutrient deprivation, shear stress, and byproduct accumulation can cause apoptosis, leading to lower recombinant protein yields and increased costs in downstream processing. Although cell engineering strategies utilizing the overexpression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) potently inhibit apoptosis, no studies have examined the use of the Bcl-2 family protein, Mcl-1, in commercial mammalian cell culture processes. Here, we overexpress both the wild type Mcl-1 protein and a Mcl-1 mutant protein that is not degraded by the proteasome in a serum-free Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line producing a therapeutic antibody. The expression of Mcl-1 led to increased viabilities in fed-batch culture, with cell lines expressing the Mcl-1 mutant maintaining approximately 90% viability after 14 days when compared with 65% for control cells. In addition to enhanced culture viability, Mcl-1-expressing cell lines were isolated that consistently showed increases in antibody production of 20-35% when compared with control cultures. The quality of the antibody product was not affected in the Mcl-1-expressing cell lines, and Mcl-1-expressing cells exhibited 3-fold lower caspase-3 activation when compared with the control cell lines. Altogether, the expression of Mcl-1 represents a promising alternative cell engineering strategy to delay apoptosis and increase recombinant protein production in CHO cells.
Interleukin-2 regulates CC chemokine receptor expression and chemotactic responsiveness in T lymphocytes. (1996)

Several studies have shown that CC chemokines attract T lymphocytes, and that CD45RO+, memory phenotype cells are considered to be the main responders. The results, however, have often been contradictory and the role of lymphocyte activation and proliferation has remained unclear. Using CD45RO+ blood lymphocytes cultured under different stimulatory conditions, we have now studied chemotaxis as well as chemokine receptor expression. Expression of the RANTES/MIP-1 alpha receptor (CC-CKR1) and the MCP-1 receptor (CC-CKR2) was highly correlated with migration toward RANTES, MCP-1, and other CC chemokines, and was strictly dependent on the presence of IL-2 in the culture medium. Migration and receptor expression were rapidly downregulated when IL-2 was withdrawn, but were fully restored when IL-2 was added again. The effect of IL-2 could be partially mimicked by IL-4, IL-10, or IL-12, but not by IL-13, IFN gamma, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, or by exposure to anti-CD3, anti-CD28 or phytohemagglutinin. Activation of fully responsive lymphocytes through the TCR/CD3 complex and CD28 antigen actually had the opposite effect. It rapidly downregulated receptor expression and consequent migration even in the presence of IL-2. In contrast to the effects on CC chemokine receptors, stimulation of CD45RO+ T lymphocytes with IL-2 neither induced the expression of the CXC chemokine receptors, IL8-R1 and IL8-R2, nor chemotaxis to IL-8. The prominent role of IL-2 in CC chemokine responsiveness of lymphocytes suggests that IL-2-mediated expansion is a prerequisite for the recruitment of antigen-activated T cells into sites of immune and inflammatory reactions.
Treatment of Condensate and Water Blocks in Hydraulic-Fractured Shale-Gas/Condensate Reservoirs (2016)

Summary The accumulation of condensate in fractures is one of the challenges of producing gas from gas/condensate reservoirs. When the bottomhole pressure drops to less than the dewpoint, condensate forms in and around fractures and causes a significant drop in the gas relative permeability, which leads to a decline in the gas-production rate. This reduction of gas productivity is in addition to the reduction because of water blocking by the fracturing water. Solvents can be used to remove liquid blocks and increase gas- and condensate-production rates. In this paper, dimethyl ether (DME) is introduced as a novel solvent for this purpose. In addition to good partitioning into condensate/gas/aqueous phases, DME has a high vapor pressure, which improves the flowback after the treatment. We compare its behavior with both methanol (MeOH) and ethanol (EtOH) solvents.
Iliac Crest Bone Graft Harvest Donor Site Morbidity (1995)

The results indicated that severe complications from iliac crest bone graft harvest can be avoided and major complications affecting functioning are uncommon, but minor complications are common. The findings suggest that procedural refinements of limiting subcutaneous dissection and providing layered tension-free incision closure may improve results.
Micro mixer with fast diffusion (2002)

A concept for micromixing of liquid is introduced, and its feasibility is demonstrated. The mixer allows fast mixing of small amounts of two liquids and is applicable to microliquid handling systems. The mixer has a channel for the liquid, an inlet port for the reagent, a 2.2-mm*2-mm*330- mu m mixing area, and 400 micronozzles (15 mu m*15 mu m) through with a reagent is injected into the sample liquid. The resulting microplumes greatly increase the contact surface between the two liquids and hasten the speed of the mixing by diffusion. The fabrication process is extremely simple. The mixing is complete within a few seconds; a homogeneous state of mixing is reached in 1.2 s when the total volume injected is 0.5 mu l and the injection flow rate is 0.75 mu l/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Advanced integration technology for a highly scalable SOI DRAM with SOC (Silicon-On-Capacitors) (2002)

A fully planarized 16 Mb SOI DRAM has been successfully fabricated featuring pattern-bonded SOI (PBSOI), CMP processes, STI (Shallow Trench Isolation) and the silicon-on-capacitor (SOC) structure with 0.3 um technology using i-line lithography. The floating body effects of cell and peripheral SOI transistors are suppressed by the LIF (Local Implantation post Field oxidation) and halo implantation. The fully planarized process with SOC structure is established for multi-gigabit DRAM and embedded memory devices.
Arginine vasopressin, but not epinephrine, improves survival in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock after liver trauma in pigs* (2003)

Vasopressin, but not epinephrine or saline placebo, improved short-term survival in a porcine model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock after liver injury when surgical intervention and fluid replacement was delayed.
Prognostic Role of a Multigene Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Assay in Patients with Node-Negative Breast Cancer Not Receiving Adjuvant Systemic Therapy (2005)

RT-PCR can be done on paraffin-embedded tissue to validate the large numbers of genes associated with breast cancer recurrence. However, further work needs to be done to develop an assay to identify the likelihood of recurrent disease in patients with node-negative breast cancer who do not receive adjuvant tamoxifen or chemotherapy.
Thermal Stability in Uniaxial Nanomagnets Driven by Spin-Polarized Currents (2006)

Nanomagnets with uniaxial symmetry driven by spin-polarized currents are considered, in which anisotropy, applied field, and spin polarization are all aligned along the symmetry axis. Thermal fluctuations are taken into account by adding a Gaussian white noise stochastic term to the equation for the deterministic dynamics. The corresponding Fokker-Planck equation is derived. It is shown that the deterministic dynamics and the thermal relaxation are both governed by an effective potential including the effect of current injection
Turnover and Translation of in Vitro Synthesized Messenger RNAs in Transfected, Normal Cells (1996)

We have developed a novel system to examine intracellular mRNA decay pathways in the absence of transcriptional blockade. In vitro transcribed, capped, and adenylated granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or globin mRNAs were introduced by particle-mediated gene transfer into primary cultures of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Transfected wild-type, human GM-CSF (hGM-AUUUA) mRNA decayed rapidly (t1/2 = 9 min), while a mutated version lacking AUUUA repeats (hGM-AUGUA) was significantly more stable (t1/2 = 30 min). A truncated GM-CSF mRNA lacking the entire 3'-UTR (hGM-Delta3'-UTR) was still more stable (t1/2 = 80 min) demonstrating the existence of non-AUUUA, 3'-UTR destabilizing domains. Transfected beta-globin mRNA was very stable, decaying with a half-life of >360 min. Transfected mRNAs were >90% polysome associated with transgenic protein detectable within 15 min of transfection. The most stable GM-CSF mRNAs were not associated with maximal GM-CSF protein production. Agents known or hypothesized to interfere with mRNA decay, including cycloheximide, phorbol ester, or actinomycin D, stabilized both hGM-AUUUA and hGM-AUGUA mRNAs. These data demonstrate the presence of 3'-UTR, destabilizing, and translational regulatory elements outside of the AUUUA repeats and unambiguously show that actinomycin D at concentrations commonly used to inhibit transcription stabilizes cytokine mRNAs.
Laser‐Initiated copolymerization ofN‐vinylpyrrolidone with maleic anhydride and maleimide (1992)

Abstract This article describes the laser‐initiated copolymerization of N ‐vinylpyrrolidone with maleic anhydride and maleimide via charge transfer complexes. The dependence of copolymer yield on the molar ratios of the monomers in the feed and on the irradiation time is described. Based on the ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, and chemical analysis results, a tentative mechanism of polymerization is suggested. The rates of polymerization of several monomer systems are compared. The N ‐vinylpyrrolidone and maleimide system shows the highest rate of polymerization.
Successful treatment of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis using adefovir dipivoxil in a patient with cirrhosis and renal insufficiency (2003)

Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis is a deleterious manifestation of hepatitis B virus infection in immunocompromised patients. Without treatment, this condition is usually fatal within weeks of onset. Liver retransplantation has not been successfully performed to date, and treatment intervention was generally unsuccessful before the advent of adefovir dipivoxil. However, concerns have been expressed about the use of this agent in patients who are renally compromised. A 40-year-old liver transplant recipient with hepatitis B virus reinfection, resistance to lamivudine, and fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis complicated by terminal renal impairment and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was treated with adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg after every dialysis. Since initiating treatment with adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg, a dramatic virologic and clinical improvement was observed in this patient. The patient returned to work full-time within 6 months of starting adefovir dipivoxil without the need for liver retransplantation. Serum HBV DNA (Amplicor HBV; Roche Diagnostics, Basle, Switzerland) decreased by 6 log(10) copies/mL and became negative (< 400 copies/mL) within 8 weeks of treatment and remains negative at the last available assessment. The patient continues to require renal dialysis, but is generally well. Creatinine clearance improved from 8 mL/min to 16 mL/min during the course of treatment. No adverse events related to adefovir dipivoxil were observed. Adefovir dipivoxil resulted in significant clinical improvement in this patient with hepatitis B virus-induced fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis, despite the presence of renal impairment and lamivudine resistance.
Splice Switching Oligonucleotides as Potential Therapeutics (2007)

Antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) are typically applied as targeted downregulators of mRNA translation. This action is achieved by base pairing of specific 2-deoxyoligonucleotides with the targeted mRNA, a process that elicits destruction of the mRNA by RNase H, an enzyme that catalyzes RNA breakdown in an RNA/DNA duplex [12]. In recent years, the manipulation of splicing has been accomplished with chemically modified AONs that do not activate RNase H, thereby redirecting aberrant or alternative splicing rather than causing destruction of the targeted pre-mRNA, thus upregulating the synthesis of correct and/or therapeutic gene products. Benefits of such approach include possible use as a method to determine function of gene isoforms, positive readout assay for antisense activity, and most importantly, therapeutic potential for genetic diseases and a variety of other disorders that can be addressed by manipulation of alternative splicing of specific genes. In this chapter we will review pertinent literature since 2001, the time of publication of the previous edition of this volume, to present.
Update on estrogen signaling (2003)

Our understanding of estrogen signaling has undergone a true paradigm shift over recent years, following the discovery in 1995 of a second estrogen receptor, estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta). In many contexts ERbeta appears to antagonize the actions of ERalpha (yin/yang relationship) although there also exist genes that are specifically regulated by one of the two receptors. Studies of ERbeta knockout mice have shown that ERbeta exerts important functions in the ovary, central nervous system, mammary gland, prostate gland, hematopoiesis, immune system, vessels and bone. The use of ERbeta-specific ligands against certain forms of cancer represents one of the many pharmaceutical possibilities that have been created thanks to the discovery of ERbeta.