gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Diabetes on Cardiac Structure and Function (2000)

Non-insulin-dependent DM has independent adverse cardiac effects, including increased LV mass and wall thicknesses, reduced LV systolic chamber and myocardial function, and increased arterial stiffness. These findings identify adverse cardiovascular effects of DM, independent of associated increases in BMI and arterial pressure, that may contribute to cardiovascular events in diabetic individuals.
Transport-dependent Accessibility of a Cytoplasmic Loop Cysteine in the Human Dopamine Transporter (2000)

The effect of covalent sulfhydryl modification on dopamine uptake by the human dopamine transporter was determined by rotating disc electrode voltammetry. A transporter construct, X5C, with five mutated cysteines (C90A, C135A, C306A, C319F, and C342A) and the constructs into which the wild-type cysteines were substituted back into X5C, one at a time, all showed nearly normal binding affinity for [(3)H]CFT and for cocaine, but they displayed significant reductions in K(m) and V(max) for DA uptake. Reaction of Cys-90 or Cys-306 with impermeant methanethiosulfonate derivatives enhanced dopamine uptake to a similar extent as the previously observed enhancement of [(3)H]CFT binding caused by the same reaction, suggesting that cocaine may bind preferentially to a conformation in the transport cycle. m-Tyramine increased the rate of reaction of (2-aminoethyl)methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA) with X-A342C, the construct with a cytoplasmic loop residue Cys-342 restored. This m-tyramine-induced increase in reactivity appeared to require the inward transport rather than the outward transport or external binding of m-tyramine, and it was prevented by cocaine. Thus, inward translocation of substrates may involve structural rearrangement of hDAT, which likely exposes Cys-342 to reaction with MTSEA, and Cys-342 may be located on a part of the transporter associated with cytoplasmic gating.
Garcinone E, a Xanthone Derivative, has Potent Cytotoxic Effect Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines (2002)

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) with chemotherapy has generally been disappointing and it is most desirable to have more effective new drugs. We extracted and purified 6 xanthone compounds from the rinds (peel) of the fruits of Garcinia mangostana L., using partitioned chromatography and then tested the cytotoxic effects of these compounds on a panel of 14 different human cancer cell lines including 6 hepatoma cell lines, based on the MTT method. Several commonly used chemotherapeutic agents were included in the assay to determine the relative potency of the potential new drugs. Our results have shown that one of the xanthone derivatives which could be identified as garcinone E has potent cytotoxic effect on all HCC cell lines as well as on the other gastric and lung cancer cell lines included in the screen. We suggest that garcinone E may be potentially useful for the treatment of certain types of cancer.
Material Crystallinity as a Determinant of Triplet Dynamics and Oxygen Quenching in Donor Polymers for Organic Photovoltaic Devices (2013)

This paper is concerned with the photophysics of triplet excitons in conjugated donor polymers, and their quenching by molecular oxygen. These photophysics are assayed by transient absorption spectroscopy, and correlated with X‐ray diffraction measurements of relative material crystallinity. Eleven different donor polymers are considered, including representatives from several classes of donor polymers recently developed for organic solar cell applications. Triplet lifetimes in an inert (nitrogen) environment range from &lt;100 ns to 5 μs. A remarkably quantitative correlation is observed between these triplet lifetimes and polymer XRD strength, with more crystalline polymers exhibiting shorter triplet lifetimes. Given the broad range of polymers considered, this correlation indicates that material crystallinity is the dominant factor determining triplet lifetime for the polymers studied herein. The rate constant for oxygen quenching of these triplet states, determined from a comparison of transient absorption data under inert and oxygen environments, also show a correlation with material crystallinity. Overall these dependencies result in the yield of oxygen quenching of polymer triplet states increasing strongly as the crystallinity of the polymer is reduced. These photophysical data are compared with photochemical stability of these donor polymers, assayed by photobleaching studies of polymer films under continuous light exposure in an oxygen environment. A partial correlation is observed, with the most stable polymers being the most crystalline, exhibiting negligible oxygen quenching yields. These results are discussed in terms of the likely origins of the correlations between material crystallinity and photophysics, and in terms of their implications for the environmental stability of such donor polymers in optoelectronic devices.
The structure and value of modularity in software design (2001)

The concept of information hiding modularity is a cornerstone of modern software design thought, but its formulation remains casual and its emphasis on changeability is imperfectly related to the goal of creating added value in a given context. We need better explanatory and prescriptive models of the nature and value of information hiding. We evaluate the potential of a new theory---developed to account for the influence of modularity on the evolution of the computer industry---to inform software design. The theory uses design structure matrices to model designs and real options techniques to value them. To test the potential utility of the theory for software we apply it to Parnas's KWIC designs. We contribute an extension to design structure matrices, and we show that the options results are consistent with Parnas's conclusions. Our results suggest that such a theory does have potential to help inform software design.
Recognition of DNA by Three Ferric Uptake Regulator (Fur) Homologs inBacillus subtilis (2003)

Bacillus subtilis contains three Fur homologs: Fur, PerR, and Zur. Despite significant sequence similarities, they respond to different stimuli and regulate different sets of genes. DNA target site comparisons indicate that all three paralogs recognize operators with a core 7-1-7 inverted repeat. The corresponding consensus sequences are identical at five or more of the seven defined positions. Using site-directed mutagenesis, the Per box at the mrgA promoter was altered to mimic the core 7-1-7 motif of the Fur and Zur boxes. In vitro, the mrgA promoter containing a Zur box was only recognized by Zur, as demonstrated by DNase I footprinting assays. In contrast, both Fur and PerR bound to the mrgA promoter region containing a consensus Fur box. Expression analysis of these promoters is consistent with the in vitro data demonstrating as few as 1 or 2 base changes per half-site are sufficient to alter regulation. Similarly, the Fur box at the feuA promoter can be converted into a Per or a Zur box by appropriate mutations. While both Fur and PerR could recognize some of the same synthetic operator sequences, no naturally occurring sites are known that are subject to dual regulation. However, the PerR-regulated zosA gene is controlled from a regulatory region that contains both Per and Fur boxes. Although purified Fur protein bound to the candidate Fur boxes, Fur has little effect on zosA expression-possibly due to the location of the Fur boxes relative to the zosA promoter. Together, our results identify two nucleotide positions that are important for the ability of PerR, Fur, and Zur to distinguish among the many closely related operator sites present in the B. subtilis genome.
Cap analogs modified with 1,2-dithiodiphosphate moiety protect mRNA from decapping and enhance its translational potential (2016)

Along with a growing interest in mRNA-based gene therapies, efforts are increasingly focused on reaching the full translational potential of mRNA, as a major obstacle for in vivo applications is sufficient expression of exogenously delivered mRNA. One method to overcome this limitation is chemically modifying the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 5' end of mRNA (m<sup>7</sup>Gppp-RNA). We report a novel class of cap analogs designed as reagents for mRNA modification. The analogs carry a 1,2-dithiodiphosphate moiety at various positions along a tri- or tetraphosphate bridge, and thus are termed 2S analogs. These 2S analogs have high affinities for translation initiation factor 4E, and some exhibit remarkable resistance against the SpDcp1/2 decapping complex when introduced into RNA. mRNAs capped with 2S analogs combining these two features exhibit high translation efficiency in cultured human immature dendritic cells. These properties demonstrate that 2S analogs are potentially beneficial for mRNA-based therapies such as anti-cancer immunization.
Coupling of Agonist Binding to Effector Domain Activation in Metabotropic Glutamate-like Receptors (2006)

Many membrane receptors are made of a ligand binding domain and an effector domain mediating intracellular signaling. This is the case for the metabotropic glutamate-like G-protein-coupled receptors. How ligand binding leads to the active conformation of the effector domain in such receptors is largely unknown. Here, we used an evolutionary trace analysis and mutagenesis to identify critical residues involved in the allosteric coupling between the Venus flytrap ligand binding domain (VFT) and the heptahelical G-protein activating domain of the metabotropic glutamate-like receptors. We have shown that a conserved interdomain disulfide bridge is required for this allosteric interaction. Taking into account that these receptors are homodimers, this finding provides important new information explaining how the different conformations of the dimer of VFT lead to different signaling of such dimeric receptors.
Memory Metamaterials (2009)

The resonant elements that grant metamaterials their distinct properties have the fundamental limitation of restricting their useable frequency bandwidth. The development of frequency-agile metamaterials has helped to alleviate these bandwidth restrictions by allowing real-time tuning of the metamaterial frequency response. We demonstrate electrically controlled persistent frequency tuning of a metamaterial, which allows the lasting modification of its response by using a transient stimulus. This work demonstrates a form of memory capacitance that interfaces metamaterials with a class of devices known collectively as memory devices.
Electrophoretic deposition of MgO nanoparticles imparts antibacterial properties to poly‐L‐lactic acid for orthopedic applications (2017)

Bacterial infection of implanted biomaterials is a serious problem that increases health care costs and negatively affects a considerable fraction of orthopedic procedures. In this field, magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have emerged as a promising material to combat bacterial infection while maintaining or improving bone cell functions. Here, MgO NPs were electrophoretically deposited onto poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) sheets to achieve a coating of highly exposed MgO NPs that directly influenced cell-substrate interactions at short time scales. Samples were characterized for their surface chemistry, crystal structure, roughness, wettability, degradation characteristics, and their ability to support the growth of human fibroblasts and osteoblasts, as well as their resistance to colonization by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In general, increasing the applied voltage during deposition increased the surface coverage of the coating and significantly decreased the colonization of all three bacterial strains (up to a 90% reduction). Furthermore, S. aureus cells that did attach onto substrates prepared at high voltages exhibited trademark signs of membrane damage and cell death. Importantly, MTS cell viability assays indicated that osteoblast adhesion increased with increasing deposition voltage, while fibroblast adhesion exhibited the opposite trend. Thus, although requiring more studies, this research provides the first evidence that MgO NP coatings prepared at relatively high voltages (120-150 V) may have the ability to resist bacterial colonization, promote bone cell attachment, and curb fibrous capsule formation. Therefore, it is recommended that this technology be further investigated and developed for numerous orthopedic applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3136-3147, 2017.
PHARMACOKINETICS AND RETINAL DISTRIBUTION OF RANIBIZUMAB, A HUMANIZED ANTIBODY FRAGMENT DIRECTED AGAINST VEGF-A, FOLLOWING INTRAVITREAL ADMINISTRATION IN RABBITS (2007)

This study demonstrates that following ITV injection, ranibizumab has a vitreous half-life of 2.9 days with minimal systemic exposure. Ranibizumab rapidly penetrates through the retina to reach the choroid, supporting its clinical development for neovascular AMD.
Multivariate Statistical Identification of Human Bladder Carcinomas Using Ambient Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry (2011)

Diagnosis of human bladder cancer in untreated tissue sections is achieved by using imaging data from desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis. We use the distinctive DESI-MS glycerophospholipid (GP) mass spectral profiles to visually characterize and formally classify twenty pairs (40 tissue samples) of human cancerous and adjacent normal bladder tissue samples. The individual ion images derived from the acquired profiles correlate with standard histological hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained serial sections. The profiles allow us to classify the disease status of the tissue samples with high accuracy as judged by reference histological data. To achieve this, the data from the twenty pairs were divided into a training set and a validation set. Spectra from the tumor and normal regions of each of the tissue sections in the training set were used for orthogonal projection to latent structures (O-PLS) treated partial least-square discriminate analysis (PLS-DA). This predictive model was then validated by using the validation set and showed a 5% error rate for classification and a misclassification rate of 12%. It was also used to create synthetic images of the tissue sections showing pixel-by-pixel disease classification of the tissue and these data agreed well with the independent classification that uses histological data by a certified pathologist. This represents the first application of multivariate statistical methods for classification by ambient ionization although these methods have been applied previously to other MS imaging methods. The results are encouraging in terms of the development of a method that could be utilized in a clinical setting through visualization and diagnosis of intact tissue.
Curcumin-containing diet inhibits diethylnitrosamine-induced murine hepatocarcinogenesis (2000)

Curcumin has been widely used as a spice and coloring agent in foods. Recently, curcumin was found to possess chemopreventive effects against skin cancer, forestomach cancer, colon cancer and oral cancer in mice. Clinical trials of curcumin for prevention of human cancers are currently ongoing. In this study, we examine the chemopreventive effect of curcumin on murine hepatocarcinogenesis. C3H/HeN mice were injected i.p. with N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at the age of 5 weeks. The curcumin group started eating 0.2% curcumin-containing diet 4 days before DEN injection until death. The mice were then serially killed at the scheduled times to examine the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and changes in intermediate biological markers. At the age of 42 weeks, the curcumin group, as compared with the control group (DEN alone), had an 81% reduction in multiplicity (0.5 versus 2.57) and a 62% reduction in incidence (38 versus 100%) of development of HCC. A series of intermediate biological markers were examined by western blot. While hepatic tissues obtained from the DEN-treated mice showed a remarkable increase in the levels of p21(ras), PCNA and CDC2 proteins, eating a curcumin-containing diet reversed the levels to normal values. These results indicate that curcumin effectively inhibits DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the mouse. The underlying mechanisms of the phenomenon and the feasibility of using curcumin in the chemoprevention of human HCC should be further explored.
Nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus subtilis temperate bacteriophage SPβc2 (1999)

The Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosomal region extending from 184 degrees to 195 degrees, corresponding to prophage SPbeta, has been completely sequenced using DNA of the thermoinducible SPbetac2 mutant. This 134416 bp segment comprises 187 putative ORFs which, according to their orientation, were grouped into three clusters. Compared to its host, SPbetac2 is characterized by a lower G+C content, shorter mean ORF length, as well as a different usage of start codons. Nearly 75% of predicted ORFs do not share significant homologies to sequences in available databases. The only highly similar proteins to SPbetac2-encoded ones are host paralogues. SPbetac2 promoter regions contain SOS box consensus sequences and a repeated motif, designated SPbeta repeated element (SPBRE), that is absent from the host genome. Gene sspC, encoding the small acid-soluble protein C, that has been previously sequenced and mapped to the vicinity of the SPbeta region, was found to be part of the prophage.
Delivery of macromolecules into living cells: a method that exploits folate receptor endocytosis. (1991)

Difficulties with the nondestructive delivery of macromolecules into living cells have limited the potential applications of antibodies, genes, enzymes, peptides, and antisense oligonucleotides in biology and medicine. We have found, however, that the natural endocytosis pathway for the vitamin folate can be exploited to nondestructively introduce macromolecules into cultured cells if the macromolecule is first covalently linked to folate. Thus, treatment of KB cells with folate-conjugated ribonuclease, horseradish peroxidase, serum albumin, IgG, or ferritin allowed delivery of greater than 10(6) copies of the macromolecules within a 2-hr period. Cytochemical staining using 4-chloro-1-naphthol further demonstrated that the horseradish peroxidase retained activity for at least 6 hr after internalization. Since folate is an essential vitamin required in substantial quantities by virtually all cells, these observations may open the possibility of scientific and medical applications for many of the above macromolecules.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems (2011)

Mucoadhesion is commonly defined as the adhesion between two materials, at least one of which is a mucosal surface. Over the past few decades, mucosal drug delivery has received a great deal of attention. Mucoadhesive dosage forms may be designed to enable prolonged retention at the site of application, providing a controlled rate of drug release for improved therapeutic outcome. Application of dosage forms to mucosal surfaces may be of benefit to drug molecules not amenable to the oral route, such as those that undergo acid degradation or extensive first-pass metabolism. The mucoadhesive ability of a dosage form is dependent upon a variety of factors, including the nature of the mucosal tissue and the physicochemical properties of the polymeric formulation. This review article aims to provide an overview of the various aspects of mucoadhesion, mucoadhesive materials, factors affecting mucoadhesion, evaluating methods, and finally various mucoadhesive drug delivery systems (buccal, nasal, ocular, gastro, vaginal, and rectal).
Spatial-bag-of-features (2010)

In this paper, we study the problem of large scale image retrieval by developing a new class of bag-of-features to encode geometric information of objects within an image. Beyond existing orderless bag-of-features, local features of an image are first projected to different directions or points to generate a series of ordered bag-of-features, based on which different families of spatial bag-of-features are designed to capture the invariance of object translation, rotation, and scaling. Then the most representative features are selected based on a boosting-like method to generate a new bag-of-features-like vector representation of an image. The proposed retrieval framework works well in image retrieval task owing to the following three properties: 1) the encoding of geometric information of objects for capturing objects' spatial transformation, 2) the supervised feature selection and combination strategy for enhancing the discriminative power, and 3) the representation of bag-of-features for effective image matching and indexing for large scale image retrieval. Extensive experiments on 5000 Oxford building images and 1 million Panoramio images show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed features as well as the retrieval framework.
Use of ceftazidime in the treatment of osteomyelitis and osteoarthritis. (1986)

The authors report the results obtained with the use of ceftazidime, administered by various methods, in 18 cases of orthopedic infections (osteomyelitis, arthritis). The results, which are regarded as good, are stable over time. The antibiotic therapy proves particularly efficacious in those cases subjected to appropriate surgical treatment.
Critical asset protection, perimeter monitoring and threat detection using automated video surveillance - a technology overview with case studies (2003)

Summary form only given. The appeal of automated real-time surveillance is obvious - maximizing efficiency and effectiveness of security personnel and resources while increasing the probability of preventing a serious security breach. The appeal of using video-based solutions includes many considerations. Video is intuitive, readily interpreted and provides immediately actionable intelligence about events through visual feedback. Video solutions are also natural fit with existing technologies and much of the existing surveillance infrastructure. Computer vision based solutions have the added potential for very discriminating detection and very low false alarms. In as much as computer vision solutions are primarily software based, there is every reason to believe that they will provide continued improvement and additional capability over time with little or no additional investment in infrastructure. The bottom line is that applied computer vision has the potential for the greatest return on investment (ROI), both short-term and long-term.