gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Swedish efficacy trial of acellular pertussis vaccines--update and time for reflection. (1991)

The trial cohort from the Swedish efficacy trial conducted during 1986-1987 is still under non-blinded surveillance. During post-trial follow-up until March 11, 1990, efficacy of the mono-component vaccine, JNIH-7, was estimated to be 65% (95% confidence interval, CI, 49-76%) and the efficacy of the two-component vaccine, JNIH-6, to 77% (95% CI 64-85%). For culture-confirmed cases with more than 30 days of cough efficacy for JNIH-7, was 79% (95% CI 66-87%) and for JNIH-6, 92% (95% CI 83-96%). The data indicate that two doses of acellular pertussis vaccine provide protection for 3 1/2 years or more. Continued analysis of data from the trial suggests that acellular pertussis vaccines protect against typical illness to the same extent as whole cell vaccines and that protection against infection may be augmented by adding one or more components to a pertussis toxoid-based vaccine. In spite of promising efficacy data, acellular pertussis vaccines are still not licensed outside Japan. The need for direct comparisons with efficacy and safety of whole cell vaccines will be discussed and salient problems of case definitions and case ascertainment in clinical trials will be emphasised.
The hydrogenated amorphous silicon active hollow four quadrant orientation detector for application to neural network image sensors (1994)

The fundamental way to improve the processing speed of pattern recognition is to implement the data processing function by hardware circuits. A simple integrated device by combining hollow four quadrant orientation detector (hollow FOQUOD) with an amorphous silicon thin film transistor as a switch element has been successfully fabricated. This device is called active hollow FOQUOD. The hollow FOQUOD detector can extract the edge position and its orientation from an object image with a precision of 5/spl deg/ which is consistent with the theoretical simulation. It is demonstrated that the thin film transistor can indeed switch the hollow FOQUOD detector on and off and avoid the crosstalk problem when used in a 3/spl times/3 two-dimensional array.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Defect in SHAP-Hyaluronan Complex Causes Severe Female Infertility (2001)

Hyaluronan (HA) associates with proteins and proteoglycans to form the extracellular HA-rich matrices that significantly affect cellular behaviors. So far, only the heavy chains of the plasma inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) family, designated as SHAPs (serum-derived hyaluronan-associated proteins), have been shown to bind covalently to HA. The physiological significance of such a unique covalent complex has been unknown but is of great interest, because HA and the ITI family are abundant in tissues and in plasma, respectively, and the SHAP-HA complex is formed wherever HA meets plasma. We abolished the formation of the SHAP-HA complex in mice by targeting the gene of bikunin, the light chain of the ITI family members, which is essential for their biosynthesis. As a consequence, the cumulus oophorus, an investing structure unique to the oocyte of higher mammals, had a defect in forming the extracellular HA-rich matrix during expansion. The ovulated oocytes were completely devoid of matrix and were unfertilized, leading to severe female infertility. Intraperitoneal administration of ITI, accompanied by the formation of the SHAP-HA complex, fully rescued the defects. We conclude that the SHAP-HA complex is a major component of the HA-rich matrix of the cumulus oophorus and is essential for fertilization in vivo.
The influence of shape-holding conditions on shape recovery of polyurethane-shape memory polymer foams (2004)

The thermomechanical properties of polyurethane-shape memory polymer (SMP) foams and the influence of shape-holding conditions on shape recovery were investigated experimentally. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. (1) By cooling the foam down to below the glass transition temperature Tg after compressive deformation above Tg, stress decreases and the deformed shape is fixed. By heating the shape-fixed foam up to above Tg under no load, the original shape is recovered. (2) The shape deformed above Tg is maintained for six months under no load at Tg− 60 K without depending on the maximum strain, and the original shape is recovered by heating thereafter. (3) If the deformed shape is held at high temperature, the original shape is not recovered. (4) The ratio of shape irrecovery increases in proportion to the holding strain, holding temperature and holding time.
What if Minkowski Had Been Ageusic? An Alternative Angle on Diabetes (1992)

Despite decades of intensive investigation, the basic pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the metabolic derangements associated with diabetes mellitus have remained elusive. Explored here is the possibility that traditional concepts in this area might have carried the wrong emphasis. It is suggested that the phenomena of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia might be more readily understood if viewed in the context of underlying abnormalities of lipid metabolism.
Importance of ortho Proton Donors in Catalysis of Hydrazone Formation (2013)

Anthranilic acids were recently reported as superior catalysts for hydrazone and oxime formation compared to aniline, the classic catalyst for these reactions. Here, alternative proton donors were examined with varied pKa in an effort to enhance activity at biological pH. The experiments show that 2-aminobenzenephosphonic acids are superior to anthranilic acids in catalyzing hydrazone formation with common aldehyde substrates.
Effectiveness of antioxidants (vitamin C and E) with and without sunscreens as topical photoprotectants. (1996)

Considerable interest has been recently generated concerning the use of natural compounds, anti-oxidants in particular, in photoprotection. Two of the best known anti-oxidants are vitamins C and E, both of which have been shown to be somewhat effective in different models of photodamage. Very little has been reported, however, on the effectiveness of a combination of the two (known to be biologically the more relevant situation); nor have there been detailed studies on the ability of these antioxidants to augment commercial sunscreen protection against UV damage. We report that (in swine skin) vitamin C is capable of additive protection against acute UVB damage (sunburn cell formation) when combined with a UVB sunscreen. A combination of both vitamins E and C provided very good protection from a UVB insult, the bulk of the protection attributable to vitamin E. However, vitamin C is significantly better than vitamin E at protecting against a UVA-mediated phototoxic insult in this animal model, while the combination is only slightly more effective than vitamin C alone. When vitamin C or a combination of vitamin C and E is formulated with a commercial UVA sunscreen (oxybenzone), an apparently greater than additive protection is noted against the phototoxic damage. These results confirm the utility of anti-oxidants as photoprotectants but suggest the importance of combining the compounds with known sunscreens to maximize photoprotection.
microRNAs: tiny regulators of synapse function in development and disease (2008)

The development and function of neuronal circuits within the brain are orchestrated by sophisticated gene regulatory mechanisms. Recently, microRNAs have emerged as a novel class of small RNAs that fine-tune protein synthesis. microRNAs are abundantly expressed in the vertebrate nervous system, where they contribute to the specification of neuronal cell identity. Moreover, microRNAs also play an important role in mature neurons. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the function of microRNAs in the nervous system with special emphasis on synapse formation and plasticity. The second part of this work will discuss the potential involvement of microRNAs in neurologic diseases. The study of brain microRNAs promises to expand our understanding of the mechanisms underlying higher cognitive functions and neurologic diseases.
Bio-compatibility of metallic alloys for body-area communication systems (2015)

Mechanical behavior, biocompatibility in body environment and tissues and chemical stability are the most important requirements for the effective application of any bio-implant materials in the human body. Among the known metals and alloys, stainless steels, CoCr alloys and Ti and its alloys are the most widely used materials in such applications. In case of their use, one of the most important engineering approach is to guarantee insignificant biological stress to the human system and to maintain the whole integrity and functionality of the human being.

In this paper we pay our attention on the study of the properties of two types of metallic alloys: one of them is a modified CoCr alloy, while the second one is a new generation of TiNb based alloy. The first step of the study is related to the determination of the microstructural and mechanical behavior of the alloys and to assess their chemical stability by the evaluation of their corrosion resistance. The further step will be to evaluate and to control the interaction between the human body and the biomaterial inside the biological environment using an appropriate numerical model. In this way it will be possible to detect the presence of defects in the biomaterial, considering the surface chemistry and its topography, which can control this system leading to regulate in time an inappropriate interface avoiding the removal of the implant for the restoration. Furthermore, the results of such an investigation represent a good starting point in designing of intra-, inter-body or body-coupled printed implanted antennas, i.e., antennas located inside the body used to communicate with external base stations or between different nodes of a network.
Amide I Modes of α-Helical Polypeptide in Liquid Water:  Conformational Fluctuation, Phase Correlation, and Linear and Nonlinear Vibrational Spectra (2004)

Chain length and site dependencies of amide I local mode frequencies of α-helical polyalanines are theoretically studied by carrying out semiempirical quantum chemistry calculations. A theoretical model that can be used to quantitatively predict both the local amide I mode frequencies and coupling constants between two different local amide I modes is developed. Using this theoretical model and performing molecular dynamics simulation of an α-helical polyalanine in liquid water, we investigate conformational fluctuation and hydrogen-bonding dynamics by monitoring amide I frequency fluctuations. The instantaneous normal-mode analysis method is used to obtain densities of states of the one- and two-exciton bands and to quantitatively investigate the extent of delocalization of the instantaneous amide I normal modes. Also, by introducing a novel concept of the so-called weighted phase-correlation factor, the symmetric natures of the delocalized amide I normal modes are elucidated, and it is also shown that there is no unique way to classify any given amide I normal mode of the α-helical polyalanine in liquid water to be either A-mode-like or E1-mode-like. From the ensemble-averaged dipole strength spectrum and density of one-exciton states, the amide I infrared absorption spectrum is numerically calculated and its asymmetric line shape is theoretically described. Considering both transitions from the ground state to one-exciton states and those from one-exciton states to two-exciton states, we calculate the two-dimensional IR pump−probe spectra and directly compare them with recent experimental results. A brief discussion on the cross-peaks previously observed in the two-dimensional difference spectrum is presented.
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for the amino-terminal portion of the pro-alpha 1(II) chain of cartilage collagen. (1984)

We have isolated a cDNA clone (pRcol 2) which is complementary to the 5'-terminal portion of the rat pro-alpha 1(II) chain mRNA. A synthetic oligonucleotide was used both as a primer for cDNA synthesis and as a probe for screening a cDNA library. The probe was a mixture of sixteen 14-mers deduced from an amino acid sequence present in the amino-terminal telopeptide of the rat cartilage alpha 1(II) chain. This primer was chosen so that the resulting cDNA would contain the sequence of the 5' end of the mRNA. The nucleotide sequences of the cDNA were determined and compared with that of three other interstitial procollagen chain mRNAs (pro-alpha 1(I), pro-alpha 2(I), and pro-alpha 1(III) chain mRNA). pRcol 2 contains a 521-base pair (bp) insert, including 153 bp of the 5' untranslated region plus 368 bp coding for the signal peptide, the amino-terminal propeptide, and a part of the telopeptide. The signal peptide of the type II collagen chain is composed of about 20 amino acids. There is little homology between the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide in the pro-alpha 1(II) chain and that of three other interstitial procollagen chains. The NH2-terminal propeptide is deduced to contain short nonhelical sequences at its amino and carboxyl ends and an internal helical collagenous domain comprising 25 repeats of Gly-X-Y with one interruption. There is a strong conservation of the amino acid sequence of the carboxyl-terminal part of the NH2-terminal propeptide in the pro-alpha 1(II), pro-alpha 1(I), and pro-alpha 2(I) chains. Type II collagen mRNA does not contain a sequence corresponding to a uniquely conserved nucleotide sequence around the translation initiation site which occurs in mRNA for other procollagen chains.
Use of the Afirma® Gene Expression Classifier for Preoperative Identification of Benign Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Fine Needle Aspiration Cytopathology (2013)

Ruling out malignancy in thyroid nodules historically depended on thyroid resection and histopathological evaluation until fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy was introduced into the United States in the 1970's. Thyroid FNA biopsy identified a majority of thyroid nodules as benign, obviating the need for surgery in over half of the patients. However, 15%-30% of thyroid FNAs have indeterminate cytology that still requires operation, even though most of these operated nodules prove to be benign post-operatively. In order to predict which cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules are benign and to potentially avoid surgery on these nodules, a recently described commercially available Gene Expression Classifier (GEC) test (Afirma®, Veracyte, Inc., South San Francisco, CA) has been developed that can be run on the FNA sample. This paper reviews the published literature and technology assessments/guidelines by independent parties and professional groups regarding the clinical utility as well as the analytic and clinical validity of the Afirma GEC.
Bacillus subtilis ilvB operon: an intersection of global regulons (2005)

The genes of the major Bacillus subtilis operon (ilvB) for biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids are subject to multiple mechanisms of regulation. The global regulatory proteins CodY and TnrA bind upstream of the transcription start site and are likely to control transcription initiation, leucine-specific tRNA regulates transcriptional elongation, and unknown factors differentially cleave the full-length mRNA. Another global regulator, CcpA, known to be required for ilvB transcription, was shown here to act directly at the ilvB promoter by a novel mechanism. Although CcpA was able to bind to the ilvB promoter region, it stimulated transcription significantly only when CodY was present, suggesting that CcpA acts primarily by interfering with repression by CodY. Additionally, CcpA was shown to control indirectly the expression of other CodY-regulated target genes, apparently by altering the intracellular level of branched-chain amino acids.
75% responder rates provide improvement in HIT-6 scores from week 4 through 12 following a single infusion of ALD403, or placebo. (P2.165) (2017)

Evaluate changes in HIT-6 at 4 and 12 weeks vs. baseline for subjects achieving 75%, 50%, 25%, and <25% response rate (RR) following an infusion of 300mg, 100mg, 30mg or 10mg of ALD-403 or placebo.
Biologically Active Pituitary Hormones in the Rat Brain Amygdaloid Nucleus (1978)

While an attempt was being made to identify the source of the growth hormone releasing factor present in cerebral spinal fluid of man, it was discovered that cells of the rat amygdaloid nucleus, grown in tissue culture, produce a material that is immunologically and chromatographically identical to growth hormone found in the pituitary. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed dense accumulation of the peroxidase-antibody to growth hormone complex in amygdala cells. Significant amounts of growth hormone and adrenocorticotropin could be extracted from this limbic structure. Extracts containing immunoequivalent amounts of growth hormone were measured by bioassay in hypophysectomized rats. Stimulation of the growth of epiphyseal cartilage by extracts of the amygdala was comparable to the stimulation by extracts of anterior pituitary glands. The stimulatory effect of amygdala extracts on adrenal and gonadal size and weight and on growth of thyroid follicular epithelium was also comparable to that of pituitary extracts.
Stereospecific formation of 1,2-dioxetanes from cis- and trans-diethoxyethylenes by singlet oxygen (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific formation of 1,2-dioxetanes from cis- and trans-diethoxyethylenes by singlet oxygenPaul Doughty Bartlett and A. Paul SchaapCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 10, 3223–3225Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00713a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00713a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views546Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Muscle could be the therapeutic target in SMA treatment (1998)

A nerve-muscle coculture model (human muscle cells innervated by embryonic rat spinal cord) was used to explore the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Previous studies showed that myofibers from donors with SMA type I or SMA type II (but not SMA type III) undergo a characteristic degeneration 1-3 weeks after innervation (Braun et al. [1995] Lancet 345:694-695). To determine which cells are involved in degeneration, we cloned satellite cells and fibroblasts derived from muscle biopsies of normal (healthy) donors and donors with SMA. We show that fibroblasts are required for successful innervation, that fibroblasts from normal and SMA donors contribute equally well to the establishment of cocultures, and that only SMA satellite cells are responsible for the degeneration of innervated cocultures. We succeeded in preventing the degeneration of cloned satellite cells from SMA donors by adding 50% cloned satellite cells from normal donors to the culture to make heteromyotubes. In mixed cocultures, after innervation, we did not observe degeneration. This result suggests that survival of the cocultures depends on a message derived from the muscle cells. Consequently, we propose that therapeutic approaches for SMA that could repair (or compensate for) the genetic defect in muscle cells (which are otherwise much more accessible for gene therapy than neurons) might prevent motoneuron degeneration. The role of muscle cells in the establishment and the degeneration of neuromuscular junctions deserves further attention and investigation.
A softbot-based interface to the Internet (1994)

article Free Access Share on A softbot-based interface to the Internet Authors: Oren Etzioni Univ. of Washington, Seattle Univ. of Washington, SeattleView Profile , Daniel Weld Univ. of Washington, Seattle Univ. of Washington, SeattleView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 37Issue 7July 1994 pp 72–76https://doi.org/10.1145/176789.176797Published:01 July 1994Publication History 285citation700DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations285Total Downloads700Last 12 Months15Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Efficient Gene Transfer into Human CD34 + Cells by a Retargeted Adenovirus Vector (2000)

Efficient infection with adenovirus (Ad) vectors based on serotype 5 (Ad5) requires the presence of coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptors (CAR) and alpha(v) integrins on cells. The paucity of these cellular receptors is thought to be a limiting factor for Ad gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells. In a systematic approach, we screened different Ad serotypes for interaction with noncycling human CD34(+) cells and K562 cells on the level of virus attachment, internalization, and replication. From these studies, serotype 35 emerged as the variant with the highest tropism for CD34(+) cells. A chimeric vector (Ad5GFP/F35) was generated which contained the short-shafted Ad35 fiber incorporated into an Ad5 capsid. This substitution was sufficient to transplant all infection properties from Ad35 to the chimeric vector. The retargeted, chimeric vector attached to a receptor different from CAR and entered cells by an alpha(v) integrin-independent pathway. In transduction studies, Ad5GFP/F35 expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) in 54% of CD34(+) cells. In comparison, the standard Ad5GFP vector conferred GFP expression to only 25% of CD34(+) cells. Importantly, Ad5GFP transduction, but not Ad5GFP/F35, was restricted to a specific subset of CD34(+) cells expressing alpha(v) integrins. The actual transduction efficiency was even higher than 50% because Ad5GFP/F35 viral genomes were found in GFP-negative CD34(+) cell fractions, indicating that the cytomegalovirus promoter used for transgene expression was not active in all transduced cells. The chimeric vector allowed for gene transfer into a broader spectrum of CD34(+) cells, including subsets with potential stem cell capacity. Fifty-five percent of CD34(+) c-Kit(+) cells expressed GFP after infection with Ad5GFP/F35, whereas only 13% of CD34(+) c-Kit(+) cells were GFP positive after infection with Ad5GFP. These findings represent the basis for studies aimed toward stable gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells.