gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleoside Polyphosphates. II.1 A Synthesis of Uridine-5'-di- and and -Triphosphate2a (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleoside Polyphosphates. II.1 A Synthesis of Uridine-5'-di- and and -Triphosphate2aRoss H. Hall and H. G. KhoranaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 20, 5056–5060Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01649a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01649a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Radio link design of cellular land mobile communication systems (1982)

A procedure for a radio link design of cellular land mobile radio systems is discussed. The relation between the prescribed total outage and the necessary margins for thermal noise and co-channel interference is first derived. It is then shown that the respective margins can be calculated separately. A simple and useful procedure for determining transmitter power and co-channel reuse distance is presented in concrete flowchart form. Based on this procedure, an example of a radio link design for a digital mobile telephone system is shown.
Staphylococcal Wound Infection in the Pig: Part II. Inoculation, Quantification of Bacteria, and Reproducibility (1989)

Bacteria from full-thickness excision wounds with staphylococcal infection in the pig were cultured quantitatively. The bacterial concentration increased with the size of the inoculum, and after 2 days it had already reached a stable, maximal level of approximately log 8 CFU/g in the tissue. The correlation coefficient was 0.753 in comparing concentrations from superficial and deep biopsy halves and 0.145 from "surface wash" and superficial biopsies. The "within wound" sample distribution was logarithmic. The gain in precision when assessing the mean bacterial concentration from three instead of one biopsy was 45%. The coefficient of variation of between wound and within wound determinations was in the same range (i.e., 7.1-12.5%). Paired observations from a sample population with 7 sites (wounds) were needed to determine a 10% change in the bacterial concentration at a significance level of p less than 0.05, and a similar change could be determined from unpaired observations based on two populations with eleven sites.
TEM8 Targeted Cancer Therapy (2011)

Tumor growth depends upon access to host blood vessels. Many steps in tumor angiogenesis have been defined including tumor cell hypoxia, tumor cell secretion of pro-angiogenic growth factors, receptor activation on host endothelium and stroma, and establishment of new blood vessels feeding the tumor mass. Inhibitors for some of these steps have been synthesized and tested clinically. While modest improvements in response, progression-free survival and overall survival have been observed in metastatic colorectal carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and glioblastoma, almost all patients ultimately relapse and die from metastatic disease. Explanations for the limited effects of anti-angiogenesis therapy include lack of activity on all the parallel angiogenic pathways, non-specific toxicities of some of the agents, induction of a pro-metastatic phenotype by the enhanced hypoxia from therapy, and lack of effect on already established tumor blood vessels. One solution is to directly attack the tumor vasculature rather than inhibit tumor vessel formation. The flavonoid ASA404 and the tubulin-binder combretastatin A-4 phosphate directly damage tumor endothelium by different mechanisms. Both compounds have shown minimal single agent disease activity and produce cardiac ischemia in clinical trials. Recently, ligand-directed vascular disrupting agents have been synthesized and tested. A promising member of this class of therapeutics targets the tumor endothelial marker-8 (TEM8). Anti-TEM8 antibody drug conjugate may facilitate selective destruction of tumor blood vessels yielding enhanced anti-cancer efficacy and reduced normal tissue toxicities. Advances in this field are described which should lead to clinical studies of TEM8 targeted cancer therapeutics.
fMRI of Emotion (2009)

Recent brain imaging work has expanded our understanding of the mechanisms of perceptual, cognitive, and motor functions in human subjects, but research into the cerebral control of emotional and motivational function is at a much earlier stage. Important concepts and theories of emotion are briefly introduced, as are research designs and multimodal approaches to answering the central questions in the field. We provide a detailed inspection of the methodological and technical challenges in assessing the cerebral correlates of emotional activation, perception, learning, memory, and emotional regulation behavior in healthy humans. fMRI is particularly challenging in structures such as the amygdala as it is affected by susceptibility-related signal loss, image distortion, physiological and motion artifacts and colocalized Resting State Networks (RSNs). We review how these problems can be mitigated by using optimized echo-planar imaging (EPI) parameters, alternative MR sequences, and correction schemes. High-quality data can be acquired rapidly in these problematic regions with gradient compensated multiecho EPI or high resolution EPI with parallel imaging and optimum gradient directions, combined with distortion correction. Although neuroimaging studies of emotion encounter many difficulties regarding the limitations of measurement precision, research design, and strategies of validating neuropsychological emotion constructs, considerable improvement in data quality and sensitivity to subtle effects can be achieved. The methods outlined offer the prospect for fMRI studies of emotion to provide more sensitive, reliable, and representative models of measurement that systematically relate the dynamics of emotional regulation behavior with topographically distinct patterns of activity in the brain. This will provide additional information as an aid to assessment, categorization, and treatment of patients with emotional and personality disorders.
Potent alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction by brimonidine in porcine ciliary arteries. (2001)

The alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists brimonidine, apraclonidine, and oxymetazoline are potent vasoconstrictors in the porcine ciliary artery. In the present work, it was shown for the first time that the alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor subtype mediates this contraction.
Noise in Single-Frequlency Oscillators and Amplifiers (1973)

A generalization of previous oscillator noise analyses has been developed to permit reliable noise characterization of active nonlinear devices. Effects due to sideband correlation in the equivalent noise source are included. A rotating wave approximation (RWA) developed by Lax is used in obtaining the amplitude and phase noise spectra. Conditions are given for phase stabilization of free-running oscillators and for minimum phase noise in phase-Iocked oscillators and amplifiers. Stability criteria, discussion of spurious sidetones, and effects of a noisy synchronizing signal are given. The noise measure is used to obtain alternative expressions for the noise spectra and the carrier-to-noise ratios of locked oscillators and amplifiers. It is shown that the noise power gain of AM fluctuations is usually much lower than the corresponding gain for FM noise. The theory should be useful in optimizing the noise performance of nonlinear RF generators, such as IMPATT, BARITT, and Gunn diode oscillators.
Energy efficiency limits of digital circuits based on CMOS transistors (2014)

Over the past several decades, CMOS (complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) scaling has come to be associated with dramatic and simultaneous improvements in functionality, performance, and energy efficiency. In particular, although the actual historical trends did not uniformly follow a single type of scaling, there was a relatively long period of “Dennard scaling” [1] during which the quadratic (with scale factor) improvements in transistor density were accompanied by a quadratic reduction in power per gate despite a linear increase in switching frequency. All of this was achieved by scaling the operating (i.e., supply) voltage of the circuitry linearly along with the lithographic dimensions of the transistor. Ideally, this would result in constant power consumption per unit chip area, making it relatively easy for chip architects and designers to exploit the increased transistor density with a fixed chip area (and hence power) to cram more functionality into a single die.
Identification of the zinc-dependent endothelial cell binding protein for high molecular weight kininogen and factor XII: identity with the receptor that binds to the globular "heads" of C1q (gC1q-R). (1996)

High molecular weight kininogen (HK) and factor XII are known to bind to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in a zinc-dependent and saturable manner indicating that HUVEC express specific binding site(s) for those proteins. However, identification and immunochemical characterization of the putative receptor site(s) has not been previously accomplished. In this report, we have identified a cell surface glycoprotein that is a likely candidate for the HK binding site on HUVECs. When solubilized HUVEC membranes were subjected to an HK-affinity column in the presence or absence of 50 microM ZnCl2 and the bound membrane proteins eluted, a single major protein peak was obtained only in the presence of zinc. SDS/PAGE analysis and silver staining of the protein peak revealed this protein to be 33 kDa and partial sequence analysis matched the NH2 terminus of gC1q-R, a membrane glycoprotein that binds to the globular "heads" of C1q. Two other minor proteins of approximately 70 kDa and 45 kDa were also obtained. Upon analysis by Western blotting, the 33-kDa band was found to react with several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing different epitopes on gC1q-R. Ligand and dot blot analyses revealed zinc-dependent binding of biotinylated HK as well as biotinylated factor XII to the isolated 33-kDa HUVEC molecule as well as recombinant gC1q-R. In addition, binding of 125I-HK to HUVEC cells was inhibited by selected monoclonal anti-gC1q-R antibodies. C1q, however, did not inhibit 125I-HK binding to HUVEC nor did those monoclonals known to inhibit C1q binding to gC1q-R. Taken together, the data suggest that HK (and factor XII) bind to HUVECs via a 33-kDa cell surface glycoprotein that appears to be identical to gC1q-R but interact with a site on gC1q-R distinct from that which binds C1q.
Expenditures and Health Status Among Adults With Back and Neck Problems (2008)

In this survey population, self-reported back and neck problems accounted for a large proportion of health care expenditures. These spine-related expenditures have increased substantially from 1997 to 2005, without evidence of corresponding improvement in self-assessed health status.
Distribution and partial characterisation of IgG Fc binding protein in various mucin producing cells and body fluids (2002)

Fc gamma BP is widely expressed on mucosal surfaces and in external secretions. It is functionally intact in several fluids. These findings lend support to the concept that Fc gamma BP is an important component of mucosal immunological defences.
Molecular cloning of feline immunodeficiency virus. (1989)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a T-lymphotropic retrovirus associated with immunodeficiency and opportunistic infections in cats. The discovery of FIV provides an opportunity for the development of a small animal model for AIDS. To initiate the molecular and biological characterization of FIV, cDNA clones were synthesized and used to isolate a proviral clone of FIV. Molecular cross-hybridization analysis of FIV with five lentiviruses revealed that nucleotide-sequence similarities exist between FIV and these lentiviruses in the gag-pol genes. However, nucleotide-sequence similarities were not seen upon comparison of the FIV long terminal repeat sequence with known viral sequences. Common antigenic determinants appeared to be shared by FIV, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, and visna virus as shown by serological cross-reactivity of rabbit antibodies to caprine arthritis encephalitis virus and visna virus with the putative FIV core protein p28. These studies demonstrated that FIV is a member of the lentivirus subfamily and is distantly related to the AIDS lentiviruses of primates. Importantly, progeny virions of our molecular clone were infectious for experimentally inoculated cats. The availability of an infectious molecular clone will make possible a detailed dissection of the molecular pathogenesis of FIV, which may facilitate the development of vaccine and therapeutic strategies for AIDS.
Mining quantitative association rules in large relational tables (1996)

We introduce the problem of mining association rules in large relational tables containing both quantitative and categorical attributes. An example of such an association might be "10% of married people between age 50 and 60 have at least 2 cars". We deal with quantitative attributes by fine-partitioning the values of the attribute and then combining adjacent partitions as necessary. We introduce measures of partial completeness which quantify the information lost due to partitioning. A direct application of this technique can generate too many similar rules. We tackle this problem by using a "greater-than-expected-value" interest measure to identify the interesting rules in the output. We give an algorithm for mining such quantitative association rules. Finally, we describe the results of using this approach on a real-life dataset.
Glycosylation engineering in chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (1999)

The goal of this study was to engineer the glycosylation machinery of one of the most used mammalian cell lines in the biotechnology industry.Chinese hamster ovary (CFI'O) cells are one of the best characterized and successful host cells for the production of recombinant glycoproteins.
Induction of Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to Peptide Antigens ofP. vivaxin Microparticles Using Intranasal Immunization (2010)

T-cells play a critical role in resistance to malaria, not only because they function as helper cells for an antibody response, but also because they serve as effector cells. Such cellular immunity is directly implicated in protection from sporozoites as well as from blood stage parasites. The aim of this study was to induce cell mediated immune responses to peptide antigens of Plasmodium vivax co-encapsulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) in microparticles. In the present study, we have investigated the immunomodulatory effects of two CpG adjuvants, CpG 1826 and CpG 2006 to the five peptide antigens of Plasmodium vivax derived from circumsporozoite protein, merozoite surface protein-1, apical membrane antigen-1 and gametocyte surface antigen (Pvs24) in microparticle delivery. The T-cell proliferation response study of the cells collected from spleen, lamina propria and peyer's patches showed significantly high (p<0.001) stimulation index when primed with peptide antigens in microparticles co-encapsulating CpG ODN adjuvant as compared to peptide alone primed mice. The cytokine measurement profile of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in culture supernatants of cells primed with peptide antigens in microparticles co-encapsulating CpG ODN showed higher levels of IFN- gamma followed by TNF-alpha and IL-2, with relatively low levels of IL-4 and IL-10.
Recombinant platelet factor 4, an angiogenic marker for human breast carcinoma. (1999)

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that rhPF4 binds with high specificity to the neovasculature of breast cancer carcinoma. To achieve this goal, we used intravital microscopy to study the binding characteristics of systemically injected fluorescently labeled rhPF4 (FITC-rhPF4) to the microvasculature of dorsal skinfold chambers in nude mice implanted with tumor spheroids prepared from the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Our results show that intravenously as well as intra-arterially injected FITC-rhPF4 exclusively labeled, with high intensity and specificity, the endothelium of the breast cancer induced neovasculature. Only on rare occasions (0.7 +/- 1.5 site per cm2 skinfold), short (37 +/- 48 microns) intense labeled sites were found in the normal vasculature of the skinfold. Heparin could displace most of the label if injected within 10 min after the rhPF4-injection, but not 30 min after. In conclusion, our results show that rhPF4 preferentially binds to regions of active angiogenesis in vivo, supporting the concept of using rhPF4 conjugates to target tumors in cancer patients. Certain rhPF4 conjugates could have applications as imaging agents, with potential utility in identification, screening, detection, prognosis or staging of breast cancer and other cancers. Other similar conjugates, bearing therapeutic isotopes or toxins might be useful in selective treatment strategies.
Geometric tracking control of a quadrotor UAV on SE(3) (2010)

This paper provides new results for the tracking control of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UAV has four input degrees of freedom, namely the magnitudes of the four rotor thrusts, that are used to control the six translational and rotational degrees of freedom, and to achieve asymptotic tracking of four outputs, namely, three position variables for the vehicle center of mass and the direction of one vehicle body-fixed axis. A globally defined model of the quadrotor UAV rigid body dynamics is introduced as a basis for the analysis. A nonlinear tracking controller is developed on the special Euclidean group SE(3) and it is shown to have desirable closed loop properties that are almost global. Several numerical examples, including an example in which the quadrotor recovers from being initially upside down, illustrate the versatility of the controller.
High power density vibration energy harvester with high permeability magnetic material (2011)

An alternative design of vibration energy harvester was demonstrated to significantly increase the output power density. This design had two magnetic solenoids fixed at two sides of a spring supported hard magnet pair with anti-parallel magnetization, which produced a spatially inhomogeneous bias magnetic field for switching the flux inside the solenoids during vibration. Experimental results showed an output voltage of 2.52 V and a power density 20.84 mW/cm3 at 42 Hz, with a half peak working bandwidth of 6 Hz. This vibration energy harvester design leads to high output voltage, power and power density that are critical for real applications.
Polyvalent binding to carbohydrates immobilized on an insoluble resin (1997)

Numerous studies have established that polyvalency is a critical feature of cell surface carbohydrate recognition. Nevertheless, carbohydrate-protein interactions are typically evaluated by using assays that focus on the behavior of monovalent carbohydrate ligands in solution. It has generally been assumed that the relative affinities of monovalent carbohydrate ligands in solution correlate with their polyvalent avidities. In this paper we show that carbohydrate ligands synthesized directly on TentaGel beads interact with carbohydrate-binding proteins in a polyvalent manner. The carbohydrate-derivatized beads can, therefore, be used as model systems for cell surfaces to evaluate polyvalent carbohydrate-protein interactions. By using a combinatorial approach to synthesize solid-phase libraries of polyvalent carbohydrates, one can rapidly address key issues in the area of cell surface carbohydrate recognition. For example, studies reported herein demonstrate that there is an unanticipated degree of specificity in recognition processes involving polyvalent carbohydrates. However, the correlation between polyvalent avidities and solution affinities is poor. Apparently, the presentation of carbohydrates on the polymer surface has a profound influence on the interaction of the ligand with the protein receptor. These findings have implications for how carbohydrates function as recognition signals in nature, as well as for how polyvalent carbohydrate-protein interactions should be studied.
Photo- and Electrochemical Redox Behavior of Cyclometalated Ru(II) Complexes Having a 3-Phenylbenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridine Ligand (2011)

Cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes having a 3-phenylbenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridine (phbn) ligand have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The photo- and electrochemical redox behavior of the complexes are demonstrated. Complex [Ru(phbn)(bpy)(2)]PF(6) ([1]PF(6)) readily undergoes proton coupled two electron reduction by chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical methods to generate [Ru(phbnHH)(bpy)(2)]PF(6) ([1HH]PF(6)). The photochemical oxidation of [1HH]PF(6) was also observed in presence of p-chloranil.
An orally bioavailable parthenolide analog selectively eradicates acute myelogenous leukemia stem and progenitor cells (2007)

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia and likely contribute to both disease initiation and relapse. Therefore, identification of agents that target LSCs is an important consideration for the development of new therapies. To this end, we have previously demonstrated that the naturally occurring compound parthenolide (PTL) can induce death of human LSCs in vitro while sparing normal hematopoietic cells. However, PTL has relatively poor pharmacologic properties that limit its potential clinical use. Consequently, we generated a family of PTL analogs designed to improve solubility and bioavailability. These studies identified an analog, dimethylamino-parthenolide (DMAPT), which induces rapid death of primary human LSCs from both myeloid and lymphoid leukemias, and is also highly cytotoxic to bulk leukemic cell populations. Molecular studies indicate the prevalent activities of DMAPT include induction of oxidative stress responses, inhibition of NF-kappaB, and activation of p53. The compound has approximately 70% oral bioavailability, and pharmacologic studies using both mouse xenograft models and spontaneous acute canine leukemias demonstrate in vivo bioactivity as determined by functional assays and multiple biomarkers. Therefore, based on the collective preclinical data, we propose that the novel compound DMAPT has the potential to target human LSCs in vivo.
Cilastatin protection against cyclosporin A-induced nephrotoxicity: clinical evidence (2007)

Administration of cilastatin may reduce acute cyclosporin nephrotoxicity.