gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Effect of poloxamer 407 on the cochlear morphology and hearing function after perfusion in round window: experiment with guinea pigs]. (2007)

Poloxamer 407 after topical perfusion in round window can cause temporary changes on auditory function of inner ear, but no inreversible damage on function and morphology of cochlear. Therefore, Polomamer 407 can be used as sustained-release vehicle in middle and inner ear diseases.
Ketamine – More mechanisms of action than just NMDA blockade (2014)

Ketamine has been in clinical use for over half a century, yet its precise mechanisms of action remain mysterious for the large part. Its hypnotic effects appear to be largely mediated by blockade of NMDA and HCN1 receptors, but cholinergic, aminergic, and opioid systems appear to play both a positive and negative modulatory role in both sedation and analgesia. Ketamine's effects in chronic pain, and as an antidepressant, far outlast the actual drug levels, and are probably mediated by a secondary increase in structural synaptic connectivity that is mediated by a neuronal response to the ketamine-induced hyper-glutamatergic state.
Molecular Mechanisms of Tau Binding to Microtubule and its Role in Microtubule Dynamics in Live Cells (2013)

Despite extensive studies, the molecular mechanisms of Tau binding to microtubules (MTs) and its consequences on MT stability still remain unclear. It is especially true in cells where the spatiotemporal distribution of Tau-MT interactions is unknown. Using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), we showed that the Tau-MT interaction was distributed along MTs in periodic hotspots of high and low FRET intensities. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) revealed a two-phase exchange of Tau with MTs as a rapid diffusion followed by a slower binding phase. A real-time FRET assay showed that high FRET occurred simultaneously with rescue and pause transitions at MT ends. To further explore the functional interaction of Tau with MTs, the binding of paclitaxel (PTX), tubulin acetylation induced by trichostatin A (TSA), and the expression of non-acetylatable tubulin were used. With PTX and TSA, FRAP curves best fitted a single phase with a long time constant, whereas with non-acetylatable α-tubulin, curves best fitted a two phase recovery. Upon incubation with PTX and TSA, the number of high and low FRET hotspots decreased by up to 50% and no hotspot was observed during rescue and pause transitions. In the presence of non-acetylatable α-tubulin, a 34% increase in low FRET hotspots occurred, and our real-time FRET assay revealed that low FRET hotspots appeared with MTs recovering growth. In conclusion, we have identified, by FRET and FRAP, a discrete Tau-MT interaction, in which Tau could induce conformational changes of MTs, favoring recovery of MT self-assembly.
Rationale and Design of Ferinject® Assessment in Patients with IRon Deficiency and Chronic Heart Failure (FAIR-HF) Study: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Intravenous Iron Supplementation in Patients with and without Anaemia (2009)

This study will provide evidence on the efficacy and safety of iron repletion with ferric carboxymaltose in CHF patients with ID with and without anaemia.
A COMPUTER‐BASED METHOD FOR PREDICTING TRANSIT TIME PARAMETERS USING GRID SYSTEMS (1974)

ABSTRACT This article reviews a computer‐based method to predict transit time parameters (mean and variance) from historical data for use in logistics planning analysis. Efficient use of the data depends on relating it to a grid system of the United States. Performance of the technique on a sample of shipments by four methods of transportation is compared to a system based solely on highway distance. The techniques perform equally well for average transit time (speed). The grid system method demonstrates superior predicting power for reliability (transit time variance). Use of the system in daily operations is also anticipated.
Schematic storyboarding for video visualization and editing (2006)

We present a method for visualizing short video clips in a single static image, using the visual language of storyboards. These schematic storyboards are composed from multiple input frames and annotated using outlines, arrows, and text describing the motion in the scene. The principal advantage of this storyboard representation over standard representations of video -- generally either a static thumbnail image or a playback of the video clip in its entirety -- is that it requires only a moment to observe and comprehend but at the same time retains much of the detail of the source video. Our system renders a schematic storyboard layout based on a small amount of user interaction. We also demonstrate an interaction technique to scrub through time using the natural spatial dimensions of the storyboard. Potential applications include video editing, surveillance summarization, assembly instructions, composition of graphic novels, and illustration of camera technique for film studies.
More on Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Migraine Prevention (2015)

Migraine is the most common cause of disability due to a neurological problem in the world (Lancet 2015; 386:743), so when a new treatment comes along,
Driver Action Prediction Using Deep (Bidirectional) Recurrent Neural Network (2017)

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) can be significantly improved with effective driver action prediction (DAP). Predicting driver actions early and accurately can help mitigate the effects of potentially unsafe driving behaviors and avoid possible accidents. In this paper, we formulate driver action prediction as a timeseries anomaly prediction problem. While the anomaly (driver actions of interest) detection might be trivial in this context, finding patterns that consistently precede an anomaly requires searching for or extracting features across multi-modal sensory inputs. We present such a driver action prediction system, including a real-time data acquisition, processing and learning framework for predicting future or impending driver action. The proposed system incorporates camera-based knowledge of the driving environment and the driver themselves, in addition to traditional vehicle dynamics. It then uses a deep bidirectional recurrent neural network (DBRNN) to learn the correlation between sensory inputs and impending driver behavior achieving accurate and high horizon action prediction. The proposed system performs better than other existing systems on driver action prediction tasks and can accurately predict key driver actions including acceleration, braking, lane change and turning at durations of 5sec before the action is executed by the driver.
A Comparative Study of the Efficiency of Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate and of Chlormadinone Acetate in the Prevention of Premature Labor (1979)

ABSTRACT The efficacy of caproate of hydroxyprogesterone and acetate of chlormadinone in preventing premature labore was compared in a controlled trial. The survey was based on 211 pregnant women with a high risk of premature delivery discovered during clinical examination. There are no significant differences between the two groups in either length of gestation, delay between the beginning of treatment and delivery or other parameters related to prematurity. The absence of evidence suggesting any significant difference between the two treatments can have three possible causes (which are discussed): the methodology, the inefficacy of the two products or the equivalent efficacy of the two products.
Replication in the harp file system (1991)

This paper describes the design and implementation of the Harp file system. Harp is a replicated Unix file system accessible via the VFS interface. It provides highly available and reliable storage for files and guarantees that file operations are executed atomically in spite of concurrency and failures. It uses a novel variation of the primary copy replication technique that provides good performance because it allows us to trade disk accesses for network communication. Harp is intended to be used within a file service in a distributed network; in our current implementation, it is accessed via NFS. Preliminary performance results indicate that Harp provides equal or better response time and system capacity than an unreplicated implementation of NFS that uses Unix files directly.
Abortive Gap Repair: Underlying Mechanism for Ds element Formation (1997)

The mechanism by which the maize autonomous Ac transposable element gives rise to nonautonomous Ds elements is largely unknown. Sequence analysis of native maize Ds elements indicates a complex chimeric structure formed through deletions of Ac sequences with or without insertions of Ac-unrelated sequence blocks. These blocks are often flanked by short stretches of reshuffled and duplicated Ac sequences. To better understand the mechanism leading to Ds formation, we designed an assay for detecting alterations in Ac using transgenic tobacco plants carrying a single copy of Ac. We found frequent de novo alterations in Ac which were excision rather than sequence dependent, occurring within Ac but not within an almost identical Ds element and not within a stable transposase-producing gene. The de novo DNA rearrangements consisted of internal deletions with breakpoints usually occurring at short repeats and, in some cases, of duplication of Ac sequences or insertion of Ac-unrelated fragments. The ancient maize Ds elements and the young Ds elements in transgenic tobacco showed similar rearrangements, suggesting that Ac-Ds elements evolve rapidly, more so than stable genes, through deletions, duplications, and reshuffling of their own sequences and through capturing of unrelated sequences. The data presented here suggest that abortive Ac-induced gap repair, through the synthesis-dependent strand-annealing pathway, is the underlying mechanism for Ds element formation.
Extracellular interactions and ligand degradation shape the nodal morphogen gradient (2016)

The correct distribution and activity of secreted signaling proteins called morphogens is required for many developmental processes. Nodal morphogens play critical roles in embryonic axis formation in many organisms. Models proposed to generate the Nodal gradient include diffusivity, ligand processing, and a temporal activation window. But how the Nodal morphogen gradient forms in vivo remains unclear. Here, we have measured in vivo for the first time, the binding affinity of Nodal ligands to their major cell surface receptor, Acvr2b, and to the Nodal inhibitor, Lefty, by fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. We examined the diffusion coefficient of Nodal ligands and Lefty inhibitors in live zebrafish embryos by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We also investigated the contribution of ligand degradation to the Nodal gradient. We show that ligand clearance via degradation shapes the Nodal gradient and correlates with its signaling range. By computational simulations of gradient formation, we demonstrate that diffusivity, extra-cellular interactions, and selective ligand destruction collectively shape the Nodal morphogen gradient.
Labeling images with a computer game (2004)

We introduce a new interactive system: a game that is fun and can be used to create valuable output. When people play the game they help determine the contents of images by providing meaningful labels for them. If the game is played as much as popular online games, we estimate that most images on the Web can be labeled in a few months. Having proper labels associated with each image on the Web would allow for more accurate image search, improve the accessibility of sites (by providing descriptions of images to visually impaired individuals), and help users block inappropriate images. Our system makes a significant contribution because of its valuable output and because of the way it addresses the image-labeling problem. Rather than using computer vision techniques, which don't work well enough, we encourage people to do the work by taking advantage of their desire to be entertained.
Targeting BTK with Ibrutinib in Relapsed or Refractory Mantle-Cell Lymphoma (2013)

Ibrutinib shows durable single-agent efficacy in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. (Funded by Pharmacyclics and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01236391.)
Nonlinear mirror based on two-photon absorption (2005)

The use of semiconductor nonlinear devices for passively mode-locking lasers (e.g. Ti:sapphire, Cr:LiSrAlF6) has been the subject of a great deal of research activity.
Control of intracellular delivery of oligonucleotides by signal peptides and genetic expression in human cells (2004)

In the present study, membrane permeability and intracellular localization of oligonucleotide (ODN) conjugated with naturally occurring functional peptides or designed peptide were investigated, as well as antisense properties of them to inhibit of telomerase activities. All conjugate antisense ODNs showed higher membrane permeability and nuclease resistance than natural ODN. Intracellular localization of ODN could be precisely controlled by conjugation with functional peptides. Conjugate antisense ODNs indicated thousand fold higher inhibitory effects than natural ODN in cellular extract and 95% suppression in human leukemia cells.
Promising Survival for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme Treated With Concomitant Radiation Plus Temozolomide Followed by Adjuvant Temozolomide (2002)

Continuous daily temozolomide and concomitant radiation is safe. This regimen of concomitant chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy may prolong the survival of patients with glioblastoma. Further investigation is warranted, and a randomized trial is ongoing.
MATE: MPLS adaptive traffic engineering (2002)

Destination-based forwarding in traditional IP routers has not been able to take full advantage of multiple paths that frequently exist in Internet service provider networks. As a result, the networks may not operate efficiently, especially when the traffic patterns are dynamic. This paper describes a multipath adaptive traffic engineering mechanism, called MATE, which is targeted for switched networks such as multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) networks. The main goal of MATE is to avoid network congestion by adaptively balancing the load among multiple paths based on measurement and analysis of path congestion. MATE adopts a minimalist approach in that intermediate nodes are not required to perform traffic engineering or measurements besides normal packet forwarding. Moreover MATE does not impose any particular scheduling, buffer management, or a priori traffic characterization on the nodes. This paper presents an analytical model, derives a class of MATE algorithms, and proves their convergence. Several practical design techniques to implement MATE are described. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the efficacy of MATE under various network scenarios.
Semiautomated T-bag peptide synthesis using 9-fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyl strategy and benzotriazol-1-yl-tetramethyl-uronium tetrafluoroborate activation. (1992)

Multiple peptide synthesis using the T-bag method is considerably facilitated using 9-fluorenyl-methoxycarbonyl strategy and benzotriazol-1-yl-tetramethyl-uronium tetrafluoroborate activation. Convenient protocols were achieved when semiautomation was applied. Successful syntheses of analogues of neuropeptide Y demonstrate the advantages of these improvements. Various peptides consisting of up to eighteen residues were built up with unusual amino acid residues. Useful hints are given for semiautomated multiple peptide synthesis for up to 120 different peptides.
The Olive Constituent Oleuropein Exhibits Proteasome Stimulatory Properties In Vitro and Confers Life Span Extension of Human Embryonic Fibroblasts (2007)

Normal human fibroblasts undergo replicative senescence due to both genetic and environmental factors. Senescence and aging can be further accelerated by exposure of cells to a variety of oxidative agents that contribute among other effects to the accumulation of damaged proteins. The proteasome, a multicatalytic nonlysosomal protease, has impaired function during aging, while its increased expression delays senescence in human fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to identify natural compounds that enhance proteasome activity and exhibit antiaging properties. We demonstrate that oleuropein, the major constituent of Olea europea leaf extract, olive oil and olives, enhances the proteasome activities in vitro stronger than other known chemical activators, possibly through conformational changes of the proteasome. Moreover, continuous treatment of early passage human embryonic fibroblasts with oleuropein decreases the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces the amount of oxidized proteins through increased proteasome-mediated degradation rates and retains proteasome function during replicative senescence. Importantly, oleuropein-treated cultures exhibit a delay in the appearance of senescence morphology and their life span is extended by approximately 15%. In summary, these data demonstrate the beneficial effect of oleuropein on human fibroblasts undergoing replicative senescence and provide new insights towards enhancement of cellular antioxidant mechanisms by natural compounds that can be easily up-taken through normal diet.
Negative feedback maintenance of heme homeostasis by its receptor, Rev-erbα (2009)

Intracellular heme levels must be tightly regulated to maintain proper mitochondrial respiration while minimizing toxicity, but the homeostatic mechanisms are not well understood. Here we report a novel negative feedback mechanism whereby the nuclear heme receptor Rev-erbalpha tightly controls the level of its own ligand. Heme binding to Rev-erbalpha recruits the NCoR/histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) corepressor complex to repress the transcription of the coactivator PGC-1alpha, a potent inducer of heme synthesis. Depletion of Rev-erbalpha derepresses PGC-1alpha, resulting in increased heme levels. Conversely, increased Rev-erbalpha reduces intracellular heme, and impairs mitochondrial respiration in a heme-dependent manner. Consistent with this bioenergetic impairment, overexpression of Rev-erbalpha dramatically inhibits cell growth due to a cell cycle arrest. Thus, Rev-erbalpha modulates the synthesis of its own ligand in a negative feedback pathway that maintains heme levels and regulates cellular energy metabolism.
Blood oxygen content in microliter samples using an easy-to-build galvanic oxygen cell (1981)

We have designed a simple, inexpensive, easy-to-build and operate apparatus for measuring blood oxygen content. The galvanic oxygen cell (fuel cell) requires as little as 1 microliter of blood and has a measuring time of 1-3 min. It is well suited for measuring oxygen content in fluids low in oxygen inasmuch as the sensitivity of the instrument is variable. Either air or water (at a known temperature and oxygen tension) can be used for calibration. No significant differences in blood oxygen content measured with our cell or the Van Slyke manometric method were found.
Biodegradation of Chloromethane by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain NB1 under Nitrate-Reducing and Aerobic Conditions (2004)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain NB1 uses chloromethane (CM) as its sole source of carbon and energy under nitrate-reducing and aerobic conditions. The observed yield of NB1 was 0.20 (+/-0.06) (mean +/- standard deviation) and 0.28 (+/-0.01) mg of total suspended solids (TSS) mg of CM(-1) under anoxic and aerobic conditions, respectively. The stoichiometry of nitrate consumption was 0.75 (+/-0.10) electron equivalents (eeq) of NO(3)(-) per eeq of CM, which is consistent with the yield when it is expressed on an eeq basis. Nitrate was stoichiometrically converted to dinitrogen (0.51 +/- 0.05 mol of N(2) per mol of NO(3)(-)). The stoichiometry of oxygen use with CM (0.85 +/- 0.21 eeq of O(2) per eeq of CM) was also consistent with the aerobic yield. Stoichiometric release of chloride and minimal accumulation of soluble metabolic products (measured as chemical oxygen demand) following CM consumption, under anoxic and aerobic conditions, indicated complete biodegradation of CM. Acetylene did not inhibit CM use under aerobic conditions, implying that a monooxygenase was not involved in initiating aerobic CM metabolism. Under anoxic conditions, the maximum specific CM utilization rate (k) for NB1 was 5.01 (+/-0.06) micromol of CM mg of TSS(-1) day(-1), the maximum specific growth rate (micro(max)) was 0.0506 day(-1), and the Monod half-saturation coefficient (K(s)) was 0.067 (+/-0.004) microM. Under aerobic conditions, the values for k, micro(max), and K(s) were 10.7 (+/-0.11) micromol of CM mg of TSS(-1) day(-1), 0.145 day(-1), and 0.93 (+/-0.042) microM, respectively, indicating that NB1 used CM faster under aerobic conditions. Strain NB1 also grew on methanol, ethanol, and acetate under denitrifying and aerobic conditions, but not on methane, formate, or dichloromethane.
Quantum Adiabatic Evolution Algorithms versus Simulated Annealing (2002)

We explain why quantum adiabatic evolution and simulated annealing perform similarly in certain examples of searching for the minimum of a cost function of n bits. In these examples each bit is treated symmetrically so the cost function depends only on the Hamming weight of the n bits. We also give two examples, closely related to these, where the similarity breaks down in that the quantum adiabatic algorithm succeeds in polynomial time whereas simulated annealing requires exponential time.
Definitive treatment of androgen receptor–positive salivary duct carcinoma with androgen deprivation therapy and external beam radiotherapy (2013)

To our knowledge, this case report is the first to describe the use of ADT plus radiation to definitively treat SDC. This regimen could be considered in patients with androgen receptor-positive SDCs who are considered unresectable or who refuse surgery.
Rescue of HIV-1 Broad Neutralizing Antibody-Expressing B Cells in 2F5 VH × VL Knockin Mice Reveals Multiple Tolerance Controls (2011)

The HIV-1 broadly neutralizing Ab (bnAb) 2F5 has been shown to be poly-/self-reactive in vitro, and we previously demonstrated that targeted expression of its VDJ rearrangement alone was sufficient to trigger a profound B cell developmental blockade in 2F5 V(H) knockin (KI) mice, consistent with central deletion of 2F5 H chain-expressing B cells. In this study, we generate a strain expressing the entire 2F5 bnAb specificity, 2F5 V(H) × V(L) KI mice, and find an even higher degree of tolerance control than observed in the 2F5 V(H) KI strain. Although B cell development was severely impaired in 2F5 V(H) × V(L) KI animals, we demonstrate rescue of their B cells when cultured in IL-7/BAFF. Intriguingly, even under these conditions, most rescued B cell hybridomas produced mAbs that lacked HIV-1 Envelope (Env) reactivity due to editing of the 2F5 L chain, and the majority of rescued B cells retained an anergic phenotype. Thus, when clonal deletion is circumvented, κ editing and anergy are additional safeguards preventing 2F5 V(H)/V(L) expression by immature/transitional B cells. Importantly, 7% of rescued B cells retained 2F5 V(H)/V(L) expression and secreted Env-specific mAbs with HIV-1-neutralizing activity. This partial rescue was further corroborated in vivo, as reflected by the anergic phenotype of most rescued B cells in 2F5 V(H) × V(L) KI × Eμ-Bcl-2 transgenic mice and significant (yet modest) enrichment of Env-specific B cells and serum Igs. The rescued 2F5 mAb-producing B cell clones in this study are the first examples, to our knowledge, of in vivo-derived bone marrow precursors specifying HIV-1 bnAbs and provide a starting point for design of strategies aimed at rescuing such B cells.