gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans control adhesion and invasion of breast carcinoma cells (2015)

Cell surface proteoglycans, notably syndecan-2, may be important regulators of breast carcinoma progression through regulation of cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and invasion.
A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface (2014)

Inspired by the brain's structure, we have developed an efficient, scalable, and flexible non-von Neumann architecture that leverages contemporary silicon technology. To demonstrate, we built a 5.4-billion-transistor chip with 4096 neurosynaptic cores interconnected via an intrachip network that integrates 1 million programmable spiking neurons and 256 million configurable synapses. Chips can be tiled in two dimensions via an interchip communication interface, seamlessly scaling the architecture to a cortexlike sheet of arbitrary size. The architecture is well suited to many applications that use complex neural networks in real time, for example, multiobject detection and classification. With 400-pixel-by-240-pixel video input at 30 frames per second, the chip consumes 63 milliwatts.
Flow Cytometry (2003)

There are several commercial flow cytometers on the market. They all operate on the same basic principle, but there are important differences in their design, and the methods for alignment, and so on, depend on the type of instrument. In this chapter, therefore, we describe procedures for preparing samples and limit description of the flow cytometry to comments about important features of the analysis. One of the exciting applications of the techniques is the ability to sort cells. Good separation of cells demands good preparation of the sample and adequate analysis. Although procedures for sorting cells are not given for reasons given above (see Chapter 41 , this vol.), the methods described in this chapter and the comments about analysis are applicable. A description of the basic principles involved in the design and operation of a flow cytometer can be found in references 1 and 2. An associated microcomputer is important, since multi-parametric data cannot be analyzed adequately without this accessory. The comments on analysis assume that there is an adequate facility for computing.
Structure-function analysis of the hormone binding domain of the human estrogen receptor by region-specific mutagenesis and phenotypic screening in yeast. (1993)

To investigate the structural requirements for recognition and response to ligands by the human estrogen receptor (hER), a series of point mutations were generated in the hormone binding domain (HBD) of the receptor using a limited formic acid treatment of its cDNA. Receptors having a reduced sensitivity to the estrogen, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), or to the antiestrogen, trans-hydroxytamoxifen, were selected from a library of intact hER cDNAs containing these mutant HBDs by expression and phenotypic screening in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Several were sequenced, and the encoded receptors were characterized in both yeast and mammalian (Chinese hamster ovary) cells using hormone-binding and transactivation assays. In general, parallel phenotypes were observed in yeast and in Chinese hamster ovary cells following estrogen exposure. We report on 15 receptors having point mutations located at various positions throughout the HBD. Four categories of mutants were identified: 1) those showing no change from wild type in their response to E2; 2) those showing a greatly reduced transactivation response over the range of ligand concentrations tested; 3) those requiring much higher concentrations of E2 for maximal transactivation, indicating a reduced sensitivity to ligand; and 4) those showing reduced response to E2, but little change in response to trans-hydroxytamoxifen in yeast. Two mutations in the carboxyl terminus of the HBD eliminated hormone-dependent transactivation despite the continued ability to bind E2 with high affinity. Therefore, our results show a separation of the transactivation and hormone-binding functions of the hER, and indicate that the integrity of many regions throughout the large, approximately 250-amino acid HBD is important for these functions. Our studies also demonstrate the advantages of using regional mutagenesis combined with phenotypic screening in yeast to complement site-directed mutagenesis when investigating a large, functionally complex region.
Beryllium and other metal-induced lung disease (2015)

Knowledge of several unusual and/or unique occupational lung diseases should prompt questioning about a patient's occupational history, which may uncover an occupational, rather than an idiopathic, lung disease.
An in-circuit emulator for TMS320C25 (1994)

An in-circuit emulator (ICE) is a piece of indispensable equipment in developing a microprocessor-based system. Digital signal processor (DSP) chips like the TMS320 family are VLSI processors with superior 16-bit microcomputer internal architecture, and are designed to support a wide range of computation-intensive and high-speed applications. Development tools, such as full-speed emulators and software simulators for DSP chips, are either too expensive or too complicated to be used in laboratory classes for teaching purposes. This paper describes the design and implementation of a low-cost in-circuit emulator for the TMS320C25 that has all the necessary facilities for debugging hardware and software. A window-based user interface has been incorporated to allow maximum user friendliness. The emulator is now widely used by engineering students in the Chinese University of Hong Kong for experimental work and project development employing TMS320C25 DSP chips in digital filtering, speech analysis, image compression, and other applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A web architecture for progressive delivery of 3D content (2001)

Article Share on A web architecture for progressive delivery of 3D content Authors: Efi Fogel Enbaya, Ltd. Enbaya, Ltd.View Profile , Daniel Cohen-Or Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv UniversityView Profile , Revital Ironi Enbaya, Ltd. Enbaya, Ltd.View Profile , Tali Zvi Enbaya, Ltd. Enbaya, Ltd.View Profile Authors Info & Claims Web3D '01: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on 3D Web technologyFebruary 2001 Pages 35–41https://doi.org/10.1145/363361.363374Online:01 February 2001Publication History 24citation602DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations24Total Downloads602Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Foldscope: Origami-Based Paper Microscope (2014)

Here we describe an ultra-low-cost origami-based approach for large-scale manufacturing of microscopes, specifically demonstrating brightfield, darkfield, and fluorescence microscopes. Merging principles of optical design with origami enables high-volume fabrication of microscopes from 2D media. Flexure mechanisms created via folding enable a flat compact design. Structural loops in folded paper provide kinematic constraints as a means for passive self-alignment. This light, rugged instrument can survive harsh field conditions while providing a diversity of imaging capabilities, thus serving wide-ranging applications for cost-effective, portable microscopes in science and education.
Nerve growth factor levels in developing rat skin (1994)

Levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in rat hindpaw skin, measured with a sensitive two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, show two peaks during normal development. The first (57 +/- 5 pg mg-1) occurs at embryonic days (E) 18-20 and coincides with the arrival of axon terminals into the hindpaw skin. The second, larger peak (132 +/- 10 pg mg-1), occurs later, around postnatal day (P) 21 and may be involved in maintenance of neuronal phenotype. Levels outside the two peaks stay relatively constant throughout development (30 pg mg-1). Skin wounding at birth produces a marked increase in NGF levels (149 +/- 25 pg mg-1) which declines after 4 days. This large increase is not observed if wounding is performed at older ages and may underlie the sensory hyperinnervation that accompanies neonatal wounds.
Electronic Detection of Target Nucleic Acids by a 2,6-Disulfonic Acid Anthraquinone Intercalator (2003)

A DNA hybridization biosensor based on long-range electron transfer that is capable of detecting DNA single-base mismatch is presented. A mixed self-assembled monolayer of single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA), thiolated at the 3' end, and 6-mercapto-1-hexanol was formed on a gold surface. This probe ss-DNA-modified gold surface was incubated in 2,6-disulfonic acid anthraquinone (AQDS) intercalator solution, rinsed, and placed in an AQDS-free buffer solution, whereupon voltammetric experiments were performed. No voltammetric peaks were observed for probe ss-DNA-modified gold electrodes. Upon DNA hybridization and incubation in AQDS, clear voltammetric peaks, consistent with the oxidation and reduction of AQDS, were observed. The absence of AQDS electrochemistry for ss-DNA-modified surfaces clearly shows the electrochemistry is due to long-range electron transfer through the DNA duplex. No peak currents were observed when the probe ss-DNA-modified surface was exposed to noncomplementary target DNA, but there was a diminution in current signal upon hybridization with C-A mismatched and a G-A mismatched targets.
Deconjugation of bile acids by intestinal lactobacilli (1977)

Lactobacillus species normally found in the intestinal tract of humans varied in the ability to deconjugate bile acids, whereas laboratory strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus deconjugated both glycocholate and taurocholate. All isolates of L. acidophilus from human feces deconjugated taurocholate, whereas only one of six deconjugated glycocholate. None of 13 isolates identified as L. casei deconjugated taurocholate, whereas 9 deconjugated glycocholate. The deconjugating system of L. acidophilus appeared to be constitutive, required low oxidation-reduction potential, and was most active at pH 6. No degradation beyond deconjugation was detected.
Simple Biological Systems for Assessing the Activity of Superoxide Dismutase Mimics (2013)

Development of SOD mimics requires in-depth understanding of their mechanisms of biological action. Elucidation of both molecular features, essential for efficient ROS-scavenging in vivo, and factors limiting the potential side effects requires biologically relevant and, at the same time, relatively simple testing systems. This review discuses the advantages and limitations of genetically engineered SOD-deficient unicellular organisms, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as tools for investigating the efficacy and mechanisms of biological actions of SOD mimics. These simple systems allow the scrutiny of the minimal requirements for a functional SOD mimic: the association of a high catalytic activity for superoxide dismutation, low toxicity, and an efficient cellular uptake/biodistribution.
Measurements of hyperpolarizabilities for some halogenated methanes (1974)

dc Electric-field induced optical second-harmonic generation has been measured for CH4, CH3F, CH2F2, CHF3, CF4, CClF3, and CBrF3. For CH4 and CF4 the third order hyperpolarizability χ(−2ω; 0,ω,ω) is obtained directly. For the other (dipolar) molecules, a bond additivity estimate for χ(−2ω; 0,ω,ω) is used to extract the second order hyperpolarizability χ(−2ω;ω,ω). Results are compared with various data from the literature: calculated hyperpolarizabilities, and measurements of optical harmonic generation, optical mixing and the Kerr effect. The degree of consistency of the experimental data with a bond additivity model is discussed.
Inhibition of apoptosis during development of colorectal cancer. (1995)

Colorectal tumorigenesis proceeds through an accumulation of specific genetic alterations. Studies of the mechanism by which these genetic changes effect malignant transformation have focused on the deregulation of cell proliferation. However, colorectal epithelial homeostasis is dependent not only on the rate of cell production but also on apoptosis, a genetically programmed process of autonomous cell death. We investigated whether colorectal tumorigenesis involved an altered susceptibility to apoptosis by examining colorectal epithelium from normal mucosa, adenomas from familial adenomatous polyposis, sporadic adenomas, and carcinomas. The transformation of colorectal epithelium to carcinomas was associated with a progressive inhibition of apoptosis. The inhibition of apoptosis in colorectal cancers may contribute to tumor growth, promote neoplastic progression, and confer resistance to cytotoxic anticancer agents.
Hyaluronate synthase: cloning and sequencing of the gene from Streptococcus sp (1993)

The complete nucleotide sequence of hyaluronate synthase from Streptococcus sp. and its flanking regions is presented. The gene locus was designated has. Southern-blotting results suggested that the gene was conserved in hyaluronate-producing streptococci. A putative translation-initiation codon was identified and the open reading frame consists of 1566 bp, specifying a protein of 56 kDa. Sequences resembling the promoter and ribosome-binding site of Gram-positive organisms are found upstream of the synthase. The predicted amino-acid sequence reveals the presence of a 35-residue signal peptide. The sequence has some similarity to bacterial peptide-binding proteins.
Coexpression of factor VIII heavy and light chain adeno-associated viral vectors produces biologically active protein (1999)

We are interested in using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors in the treatment of hemophilia A. Because of the size constraints of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors, we delivered the heavy and light chains of the human factor 8 (hFVIII) cDNA independently by using two separate vectors. Recombinant AAV vectors were constructed that utilized the human elongation factor 1alpha promoter, a human growth factor polyadenylation signal, and the cDNA sequences encoding either the heavy or light chain of hFVIII. Portal vein injections of each vector alone, a combination of both vectors, or a hFIX control vector were performed in C57BL/6 mice. An ELISA specific for the light chain of hFVIII demonstrated very high levels (2-10 microgram/ml) of protein expression in animals injected with the light chain vector alone or with both vectors. We utilized a chromogenic assay in combination with an antibody specific to hFVIII to determine the amount of biologically active hFVIII in mouse plasma. In animals injected with both the heavy and light chain vectors, greater than physiological levels (200-400 ng/ml) of biologically active hFVIII were produced. This suggests that coexpression of the heavy and light chains of hFVIII may be a feasible approach for treatment of hemophilia A.
Isolation of Mutations Affecting the Development of Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh (1996)

We screened for mutations deleterious to the freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. ecotype Columbia. Tolerance was assayed by the vigor and regrowth of intact plants after cold acclimation and freezing. From a chemically mutagenized population, we obtained 13 lines of mutants with highly penetrant phenotypes. In 5 of these, freezing sensitivity was attributable to chilling injury sustained during cold acclimation, but in the remaining 8 lines, the absence of injury prior to freezing suggested that they were affected specifically in the development of freezing tolerance. In backcrosses, freezing sensitivity from each line segregated as a single nuclear mutation. Complementation tests indicated that the 8 lines contained mutations in 7 different genes. The mutants' freezing sensitivity was also detectable in the leakage of electrolytes from frozen leaves. However, 1 mutant line that displayed a strong phenotype at the whole-plant level showed a relatively weak phenotype by the electrolyte leakage assay.
PURLs: prescribing an antibiotic? Pair it with probiotics. (2013)

When you prescribe antibiotics, tell patients that taking probiotics for the entire course of treatment will help prevent diarrhea.
Monolithic valves for microfluidic chips based on thermoresponsive polymer gels (2003)

The direct preparation of thermoresponsive monolithic copolymers by photopatterning of a liquid phase consisting of an aqueous solution of N-isopropylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) has been studied and the products used as valves within the channels of microfluidic devices. The volume change associated with the polymer phase transition at its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) leads to the rapid swelling and the deswelling of the 2.5% cross-linked monolithic gel thus enabling the polymer to close or open the channel and to function as a nonmechanically actuated valve. The LCST at which the valve switches was easily adjusted within a range of 35 degrees C-74 degrees C by varying the proportions of the monovinyl monomers in the polymerization mixture. The closed valve holds pressures of up to 18 MPa without noticeable dislocation, structural damage, or leakage. In contrast, following deswelling by raising the temperature above LCST the valve offers no appreciable flow resistance since its large, micrometer-size pores are open. Laser-triggered photobleaching of a fluorescent dye contained in the liquid phase enabled monitoring of flow through the device and determination of the times required to open and close the valve. The valves are characterized by very fast actuation times in a range of 1-4 s depending on the type of device. No changes in performance were observed even after repeated open-close cycling of the valves.
Somatotopy of the lateral line projection in larval zebrafish (1999)

We examined the topography of the lateral line primary projection in zebrafish larvae by double labeling. The projections of two identified neuromasts of the posterior lateral line are seen as two separate sets of fibers that show reproducible spatial relationships: the projection of the anterior neuromast is always ventrolateral to that of a more posteriorly located neuromast. The same rule applies to the projection of anterior lateral line neuromasts. The position of the neuromasts along the antero posterior axis of the fish therefore is represented in the central projection of the sensory neurons. This somatotopy is similar to, and may be at the origin of, the tonotopic projection of the cochlear hair cells in mammals.
A new micro-controller based wear-time monitor for use with removable orthodontic appliances (2002)

Removable orthodontic appliances (headgear) are widely used to exert corrective forces on teeth. The rate of corrective movement is a function both of the forces applied and the duration of their application. Subjective statements on headgear wear have been virtually the only source of information on patient compliance with the treatment. Retrospective estimates by patients and parents of the average daily wearing time have commonly served as criteria for both treatment related decisions and scientific research as well as providing rates of co-operation. A system to promote and measure patient compliance with headgear appliances has been developed based on micro-controller and surface mount technology. The first part of the system which is incorporated on the headgear includes a counter/recorder (timer) which is actuated by sensing both body heat and retraction force when the headgear is worn properly by the patient. The second part of the system is a clinic display monitor on which the total accumulated wearing time is displayed for the orthodontist.
Isolation of insertion, deletion, and nonsense mutations of the uracil-DNA glycosylase (ung) gene of Escherichia coli K-12 (1985)

Two uracil-DNA glycosylase (ung) mutation selection procedures based upon the ability of uracil glycosylase to degrade the chromosomes of organisms containing uracil-DNA were devised to obtain a collection of well-defined ung alleles. In an enrichment procedure, lysogens were selected from Escherichia coli cultures infected with lambda pKanr phage containing uracil in their DNA. (These uracil-DNA phage were prepared by growth on host cells deficient in both dUTPase and uracil-DNA glycosylase.) The lysogenic Kanr population was enriched for uracil glycosylase-deficient mutants by a factor of 10(4). In a phage suicide selection procedure, lambda pung+ phage were unable to form plaques on dut ung cells containing uracil-DNA in their chromosomes, and all of the progeny were lambda pung-. Deletion, insertion (ung::Mu and ung::Tn10), nonsense, and missense mutants were isolated by using these procedures. Extracts of three insertion mutants contained no detectable enzyme activity. All of the other mutant isolates had less than 1% of the normal uracil glycosylase specific activity. The previously studied ung-1 allele, which was derived by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, produced about 0.02% of the normal amount of uracil glycosylase activity. No significant phenotypic differences between ung-1 and ung::Tn10 alleles were observed. Variations of the lysogen selection procedure may be helpful for isolating other DNA glycosylase mutations in E. coli and other organisms.
The Oxford handbook of computational linguistics (2003)

<italic>The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics</italic> features thirty-eight articles commissioned from experts all over the world. The book describes major concepts, methods, and applications in computational linguistics. Part I looks at linguistic fundamentals and provides an overview of the field suitable for senior undergraduates and non-specialists from other fields of linguistics and related disciplines. Part II describes current tasks, techniques, and tools in natural language processing and aims to meet the needs of post-doctoral workers and others embarking on computational language research. Part III surveys current applications.
Systemic immune response after intravesical instillation of bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) for superficial bladder cancer (1999)

The mechanism of anti-tumour activity by BCG is not known clearly. However, many studies suggest that immunological response is related to effectiveness of intravesical instillation of BCG in the therapy for superficial bladder carcinoma. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), urine and serum were obtained from patients with superficial carcinoma at various times during the course of BCG instillation. Urine of patients showed increased levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) after BCG instillation. Levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the serum also increased after BCG instillation, but IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and M-CSF were not detectable. Maximal levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the urine or serum were shown after the fourth instillation. BCG-induced killer cell activity in PBMC increased significantly after the third BCG instillation. These results suggest that BCG instillation involved not only local immunological efforts but also systemic immune responses. Tumour-free patients produced higher BCG-induced killer cell activity than tumour recurrence patients. BCG-induced killer cell activity may be useful for monitoring the effectiveness of intravesical BCG instillation.