gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The RAD2 Domain of Human Exonuclease 1 Exhibits 5′ to 3′ Exonuclease and Flap Structure-specific Endonuclease Activities (1999)

The RAD2 family of nucleases includes human XPG (Class I), FEN1 (Class II), and HEX1/hEXO1 (Class III) products gene. These proteins exhibit a blend of substrate specific exo- and endonuclease activities and contribute to repair, recombination, and/or replication. To date, the substrate preferences of the EXO1-like Class III proteins have not been thoroughly defined. We report here that the RAD2 domain of human exonuclease 1 (HEX1-N2) exhibits both a robust 5' to 3' exonuclease activity on single- and double-stranded DNA substrates as well as a flap structure-specific endonuclease activity but does not show specific endonuclease activity at 10-base pair bubble-like structures, G:T mismatches, or uracil residues. Both the 5' to 3' exonuclease and flap endonuclease activities require a divalent metal cofactor, with Mg(2+) being the preferred metal ion. HEX1-N2 is approximately 3-fold less active in Mn(2+)-containing buffers and exhibits <5% activity in the presence of Co(2+), Zn(2+), or Ca(2+). The optimal pH range for the nuclease activities of HEX1-N2 is 7.2-8.2. The specific activity of its 5' to 3' exonuclease function is 2.5-7-fold higher on blunt end and 5'-recessed double-stranded DNA substrates compared with duplex 5'-overhang or single-stranded DNAs. The flap endonuclease activity of HEX1-N2 is similar to that of human flap endonuclease-1, both in terms of turnover efficiency (k(cat)) and site of incision, and is as efficient (k(cat)/K(m)) as its exonuclease function. The nuclease activities of HEX1-N2 described here indicate functions for the EXO1-like proteins in replication, repair, and/or recombination that may overlap with human flap endonuclease-1.
Mapping of adherens junction components using microscopic resonance energy transfer imaging (1995)

Quantitative microscopic imaging of resonance energy transfer (RET) was applied for immunological high resolution proximity mapping of several cytoskeletal components of cell adhesions. To conduct this analysis, a microscopic system was developed, consisting of a highly stable field illuminator, computer-controlled filter wheels for rapid multiple-color imaging and a sensitive, high resolution CCD camera, enabling quantitative data recording and processing. Using this system, we have investigated the spatial inter-relationships and organization of four adhesion-associated proteins, namely vinculin, talin, alpha-actinin and actin. Cultured chick lens cells were double labeled for each of the junctional molecules, using fluorescein- and rhodamine-conjugated antibodies or phalloidin. RET images were acquired with fluorescein excitation and rhodamine emission filter setting, corrected for fluorescein and rhodamine fluorescence, and normalized to the fluorescein image. The results pointed to high local densities of vinculin, talin and F-actin in focal adhesions, manifested by mean RET values of 15%, 12% and 10%, respectively. On the other hand, relatively low values (less than 1%) were observed following double immunofluorescence labeling of the same cells for alpha-actinin. Double indirect labeling for pairs of these four proteins (using fluorophore-conjugated antibodies or phalloidin) resulted in RET values of 5% or lower, except for the pair alpha-actinin and actin, which yielded significantly higher values (13-15%). These results suggest that despite their overlapping staining patterns, at the level of resolution of the light microscope, the plaque proteins vinculin and talin are not homogeneously interspersed at the molecular level but form segregated clusters. alpha-Actinin, on the other hand, does not appear to form such clusters but, rather, closely interacts with actin. We discuss here the conceptual and applicative aspects of RET measurements and the implications of the results on the subcellular molecular organization of adherens-type junctions.
IgA isotype rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical implications. (1996)

Our study showed that RA patients with a predominant increase of IgA-RF had a more erosive disease and a high frequency of associated sicca syndrome.
Targeted Induction of Apoptosis in Cancer Management: The Emerging Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Receptor Activating Agents (2005)

Targeted induction of programmed cell death or apoptosis via the extrinsic apoptotic pathway represents an unexploited therapeutic strategy to destroy cancer cells. The activation of cell surface receptors by the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) results in direct stimulation of apoptotic signaling pathways (extrinsic stimulation). Molecules that directly activate these receptors, such as agonistic monoclonal antibodies to the TRAIL receptors and recombinant TRAIL, are being developed as monotherapies and as part of combination therapies with existing chemotherapeutic drugs and other therapeutic modalities. This article examines the TRAIL receptors as potential targets for activating the TRAIL-mediated apoptosis pathway and presents the current status of novel therapeutics that exploit this pathway, particularly focusing on agonistic monoclonal antibodies to the TRAIL receptors. The preclinical activity, the status of ongoing evaluations, and the potential clinical impact of these novel agents are reviewed.
An all-fiber dense wavelength-division multiplexer/demultiplexer using photoimprinted Bragg gratings (1995)

A wavelength multiplexing/demultiplexing device is fabricated and used to drop/insert a single wavelength channel from/into a multiple wavelength transmission link with 100 GHz channel-spacing at 1550 nm. The device consists of an all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer with photoinduced Bragg gratings. The following performances were measured: extraction/coupling efficiency =99.4%, excess loss <0.5 dB, adjacent channel-isolation >20 dB, and return loss >23 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evaluating software complexity measures (1988)

A set of properties of syntactic software complexity measures is proposed to serve as a basis for the evaluation of such measures. Four known complexity measures are evaluated and compared using these criteria. This formalized evaluation clarifies the strengths and weaknesses of the examined complexity measures, which include the statement count, cyclomatic number, effort measure, and data flow complexity measures. None of these measures possesses all nine properties, and several are found to fail to possess particularly fundamental properties; this failure calls into question their usefulness in measuring synthetic complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
RNA Interference Technology to Control Pest Sea Lampreys - A Proof-of-Concept (2014)

The parasitic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) has caused extensive losses to commercial fish stocks of the upper Great Lakes of North America. Methods of controlling the sea lamprey include trapping, barriers to prevent migration, and use of a chemical lampricide (3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol) to kill the filter-feeding larvae. Concerns about the non-specificity of these methods have prompted continued development of species-specific methods to control lampreys outside their native range. In this study, we considered the utility of RNA interference to develop a sea lamprey-specific lampricide. Injection of six different short interfering, double-stranded RNAs (siRNAs) into lamprey embryos first confirmed that the siRNAs could reduce the targeted transcript levels by more than 50%. Two size classes of lamprey larvae were then fed the siRNAs complexed with liposomes, and three of the siRNAs (targeting elongation factor 1a, calmodulin, and a-actinin) reduced transcript levels 2.5, 3.6, and 5.0-fold, respectively, within the lamprey midsections. This is not only the first demonstration of RNAi in lampreys, but it is also the first example of delivery of siRNAs to a non-mammalian vertebrate through feeding formulations. One of the siRNA treatments also caused increased mortality of the larvae following a single feeding of siRNAs, which suggests that prolonged or multiple feedings of siRNAs could be used to kill filter-feeding larvae within streams, following development of a slow-release formulation. The genes targeted in this study are highly conserved across many species, and only serve as a proof-of-concept demonstration that siRNAs can be used in lampreys. Given that RNA interference is a sequence-specific phenomenon, it should be possible to design siRNAs that selectively target gene sequences that are unique to sea lampreys, and thus develop a technology to control these pests without adversely affecting non-target species.
Synthesis and optical properties of gallium arsenide nanowires (2000)

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) nanowires have been synthesized in bulk quantities and high purity by laser-assisted catalytic growth. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigations show that the GaAs nanowires are produced in &amp;gt;90% yield, are single crystals with 〈111〉 growth axes, and have diameters varying from three to tens of nanometers, and lengths extending to tens of micrometers. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements made on individual GaAs nanowires show large blueshifts in the PL peak position compared to bulk GaAs, and are consistent with strong quantum confinement. The implications of these results are discussed.
Aging skin is functionally anaerobic: Importance of coenzyme Q10 for anti aging skin care (2008)

The functional loss of mitochondria represents an inherent part in modern theories trying to explain the cutaneous aging process. The present study shows significant age-dependent differences in mitochondrial function of keratinocytes isolated from skin biopsies of young and old donors. Our data let us postulate that energy metabolism shifts to a predominantly non-mitochondrial pathway and is therefore functionally anaerobic with advancing age. CoQ10 positively influences the age-affected cellular metabolism and enables to combat signs of aging starting at the cellular level. As a consequence topical application of CoQ10 is beneficial for human skin as it rapidly improves mitochondrial function in skin in vivo.
30-inch 4K Rollable AM-OLED Display (2020)

In this study, we report 30-inch 4K rollable AM-OLED display, featuring IGZO-TFT backplane and side by side evaporation process with etching fine metal mask. Adaptive temporal aperture control as a driving method is used to improve motion image quality. Roll-up mechanics consists of various elements to get flatness, quietness and stability. Finally, we demonstrate a large rollable display, showing motion images clearly and rolling up compact with a radius of 20 mm.
Simultaneous localization and map-building using active vision (2002)

An active approach to sensing can provide the focused measurement capability over a wide field of view which allows correctly formulated simultaneous localization and map-building (SLAM) to be implemented with vision, permitting repeatable longterm localization using only naturally occurring, automatically-detected features. In this paper, we present the first example of a general system for autonomous localization using active vision, enabled here by a high-performance stereo head, addressing such issues as uncertainty-based measurement selection, automatic map-maintenance, and goal-directed steering. We present varied real-time experiments in a complex environment.
Peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers. Part II (1999)

Recent progress in peptide and glycopeptide chemistry make the preparation of peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers of acceptable purity, with designed structural and immunochemical properties reliable. New methodologies using unprotected peptide building blocks have been developed to further increase the possibilities of their design and improve their preparation and separation. The sophisticated design of peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers has led to their use as antigens and immunogens, for serodiagnosis and other biochemical uses including drug delivery. Dendrimers bearing peptide with predetermined secondary structures are useful tools in protein de novo design. This article covers synthesis and applications of multiple antigen peptides (MAPs), multiple antigen glycopeptides (MAGs), multiple antigen peptides based on sequential oligopeptide carriers (MAP-SOCs), glycodendrimers and template-assembled synthetic proteins (TASPs). In part II the preparation of MAPs, and the utility of glycodendrimers and TASPs are discussed.
The Empirical Treatment of Solvent-Solute Interactions: 15 Years of .pi.* (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Empirical Treatment of Solvent-Solute Interactions: 15 Years of .pi.*Christian Laurence, Pierre Nicolet, M. Tawfik Dalati, Jose-Luis M. Abboud, and Rafael NotarioCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 23, 5807–5816Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100074a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100074a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1629Altmetric-Citations349LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Individualized Predictions of Disease Progression Following Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer (2005)

This predictive information on future PSA values and the risk of clinical relapse for each individual patient, which can be updated with each additional PSA value, may prove useful to patients and physicians in determining post-treatment salvage strategies.
Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)‐(−)‐Acromelobic Acid (2003)

Abstract ( S )‐(−)‐Acromelobic acid ( 1 ) was synthesized in nine steps in enantiomerically pure form from citrazinic acid ( 4 ) in an overall yield of 21%. The key steps of this synthesis are the introduction of the amino function by the bis(lactim) ether method and the introduction of the acid function by Stille coupling. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
The Ribosome : structure, function, and evolution (1990)

Historical Structure of ribosomes and rRNA Probing rRNA function Initiation Elongation Termination Ribosome formation Antibiotic mechanisms and probes Translational fidelity Evolution of ribosomes
Small round blue cell tumours: diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of the expression of B7‐H3 surface molecule (2008)

The 5B14 mAb represents an additional tool for the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumours and might be useful in identifying neuroblastoma patients at risk of relapse who may take advantage of more careful follow-up.
Voice and cooperative behavior as contrasting forms of contextual performance: Evidence of differential relationships with Big Five personality characteristics and cognitive ability. (2001)

The results of a laboratory study of 276 individuals replicate past findings for cooperative behavior as a form of contextual performance and extend past research by providing evidence that voice (constructive change-oriented communication) may be another form of contextual performance. Conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness related more strongly to voice behavior and cooperative behavior than to task performance. Cognitive ability related more strongly to task performance than to voice behavior or cooperative behavior. Results also demonstrate contrasting relationships for agreeableness (positive with cooperative behavior and negative with voice behavior). This supports recent research suggesting the possibility of bidirectional relationships with personality characteristics across different dimensions of job performance.
Effects of rice dreg protein and its hydrolysate on growth performance and small intestine morphology of early‐weaned rats (2010)

Results showed that RD and RD-H diets improved feed utilisation efficiency in the first 2 weeks post-weaning and small intestine morphology at 28 d post-weaning for an early-weaned mammal compared with a SB diet.
Rhodococcus opacus strain PD630 as a new source of high-value single-cell oil? Isolation and characterization of triacylglycerols and other storage lipids (2000)

The triacylglycerol (TAG)-accumulating, hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium Rhodococcus opacus strain PD630 and chemically induced storage-deficient mutants derived from this strain were investigated for their capability to accumulate storage lipids in the cytoplasm during cultivation under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Acylglycerols were analysed by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and by reversed-phase HPLC. Fatty acids comprising 13-19 carbon atoms in various acylglycerols constituted up to 76% of the cellular dry weight in gluconate-grown cells, with a significant proportion of odd-numbered fatty acids. Hydrolysis using pancreatic lipase and deacylation with ethyl magnesium bromide were employed to identify the stereospecific distribution of fatty acids at the glycerol. This analysis showed that the fatty acids were not randomly distributed between the three positions of the glycerol backbone. In comparison with common plant fats, where the longer and higher unsaturated fatty acids are predominantly found at position 2, R. opacus PD630 accumulated only the shorter and saturated fatty acids in this position. More than 100 mutants accumulating TAG at a significantly lower rate were obtained by chemical mutagenesis and identified by staining with Sudan Black B. All the mutants showed similar neutral lipid patterns by TLC analysis, with a small distinct spot exhibiting the same R(F) value as TAG; this was identified as a residual amount of TAG by preparative TLC and MALDI-TOF, indicating that this bacterium is possibly capable of synthesizing TAGs by at least two different pathways.
Generic Requirements for Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Networks (PPVPN) (2004)

This document describes generic requirements for Provider Provisioned
Virtual Private Networks (PPVPN). The requirements are categorized
into service requirements, provider requirements and engineering
requirements. These requirements are not specific to any particular
type of PPVPN technology, but rather apply to all PPVPN technologies.
All PPVPN technologies are expected to meet the umbrella set of
requirements described in this document. This memo provides
information for the Internet community.
Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha on Host Immune Response in Chronic Persistent Tuberculosis: Possible Role for Limiting Pathology (2001)

Reactivation of latent tuberculosis contributes significantly to the incidence of disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The mechanisms involved in the containment of latent tuberculosis are poorly understood. Using the low-dose model of persistent murine tuberculosis in conjunction with MP6-XT22, a monoclonal antibody that functionally neutralizes tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), we examined the effects of TNF-alpha on the immunological response of the host in both persistent and reactivated tuberculous infections. The results confirm an essential role for TNF-alpha in the containment of persistent tuberculosis. TNF-alpha neutralization resulted in fatal reactivation of persistent tuberculosis characterized by a moderately increased tissue bacillary burden and severe pulmonic histopathological deterioration that was associated with changes indicative of squamous metaplasia and fluid accumulation in the alveolar space. Analysis of pulmonic gene and protein expression of mice in the low-dose model revealed that nitric oxide synthase was attenuated during MP6-XT22-induced reactivation, but was not totally suppressed. Interleukin-12p40 and gamma interferon gene expression in TNF-alpha-neutralized mice was similar to that in control mice. In contrast, interleukin-10 expression was augmented in the TNF-alpha-neutralized mice. In summary, results of this study suggest that TNF-alpha plays an essential role in preventing reactivation of persistent tuberculosis, modulates the pulmonic expression of specific immunologic factors, and limits the pathological response of the host.
Localization of Vibration in Disordered Multi-Span Beams With Damping (1993)

Abstract The combined effects of disorder and structural damping on the dynamics of a multi-span beam with slight randomness in the spacing between supports are investigated. A wave transfer matrix approach is chosen to calculate the free and forced harmonic responses of this nearly periodic structure. It is shown that both harmonic waves and normal modes of vibration that extend throughout the ordered, undamped beam become spatially attenuated if either small damping or small disorder is present in the system. The physical mechanism which causes this attenuation, however, is one of energy dissipation in the case of damping but one of energy confinement in the case of disorder. The corresponding rates of spatial exponential decay are estimated by applying statistical perturbation methods. It is found that the effects of damping and disorder simply superpose for a multi-span beam with strong interspan coupling, but interact less trivially in the weak coupling case. Furthermore, the effect of disorder is found to be small relative to that of damping in the case of strong interspan coupling, but of comparable magnitude for weak coupling between spans. The adequacy of the statistical analysis to predict accurately localization in finite disordered beams with boundary conditions is also examined.
The Neurofibromatosis 2 Tumor Suppressor Gene Product, Merlin, Regulates Human Meningioma Cell Growth by Signaling through YAP (2008)

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the occurrence of schwannomas and meningiomas. Several studies have examined the ability of the NF2 gene product, merlin, to function as a tumor suppressor in diverse cell types; however, little is known about merlin growth regulation in meningiomas. In Drosophila, merlin controls cell proliferation and apoptosis by signaling through the Hippo pathway to inhibit the function of the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie. The Hippo pathway is conserved in mammals. On the basis of these observations, we developed human meningioma cell lines matched for merlin expression to evaluate merlin growth regulation and investigate the relationship between NF2 status and Yes-associated protein (YAP), the mammalian homolog of Yorkie. NF2 loss in meningioma cells was associated with loss of contact-dependent growth inhibition, enhanced anchorage-independent growth and increased cell proliferation due to increased S-phase entry. In addition, merlin loss in both meningioma cell lines and primary tumors resulted in increased YAP expression and nuclear localization. Finally, siRNA-mediated reduction of YAP in NF2-deficient meningioma cells rescued the effects of merlin loss on cell proliferation and S-phase entry. Collectively, these results represent the first demonstration that merlin regulates cell growth in human cancer cells by suppressing YAP.