gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A micro electromagnetic generator for vibration energy harvesting (2007)

Vibration energy harvesting is receiving a considerable amount of interest as a means for powering wireless sensor nodes. This paper presents a small (component volume 0.1 cm3, practical volume 0.15 cm3) electromagnetic generator utilizing discrete components and optimized for a low ambient vibration level based upon real application data. The generator uses four magnets arranged on an etched cantilever with a wound coil located within the moving magnetic field. Magnet size and coil properties were optimized, with the final device producing 46 µW in a resistive load of 4 kΩ from just 0.59 m s−2 acceleration levels at its resonant frequency of 52 Hz. A voltage of 428 mVrms was obtained from the generator with a 2300 turn coil which has proved sufficient for subsequent rectification and voltage step-up circuitry. The generator delivers 30% of the power supplied from the environment to useful electrical power in the load. This generator compares very favourably with other demonstrated examples in the literature, both in terms of normalized power density and efficiency.
Monolithic integration of 3-D electroplated microstructures with unlimited number of levels using planarization with a sacrificial metallic mold (PSMM) (1999)

A new monolithic integration method for 3-D electroplated microstructures of unlimited number of levels has been developed using unique planarization with a sacrificial metallic mold (PSMM). Contrary to the conventional electroplating mold of photoresist or polyimide, the sacrificial metallic mold (SMM) is used for multiple functions: a sacrificial layer, a planarization layer, and a seed layer for the next-level electroplating as well. We have successfully demonstrated various three-level metallic microstructures, such as levitated on-chip inductors, micro-bridges, micro-cantilevers, and micro-mirrors. The RF performance of the fabricated inductor has shown excellent results of 5 nH, Q-factor of 50 at 5 GHz on glass. This method is very simple, highly adaptable, and IC-compatible, so that it can be used as a versatile tool to integrate various 3-D metallic microstructures in multiple levels.
New Strategies in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Targeting the Androgen Receptor Signaling Pathway (2011)

Recent data report that abiraterone acetate, a specific inhibitor of CYP17 that is key to androgen and estrogen synthesis, improves survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), confirming the continued dependency of CRPC on the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. MDV3100 is a novel antagonist of AR that is also in phase III clinical trials. In addition, several other agents targeting the AR axis are undergoing evaluation in early clinical studies. CRPC patients progress on these therapies with an increasing prostate specific antigen (PSA), suggesting that repeated therapeutic interventions targeting the AR signaling axis could induce secondary responses and achieve prolonged clinical benefit for a subgroup of patients. These exciting results are good news for patients but introduce a number of treatment paradigm dilemmas for physicians. Clinical studies evaluating the ideal sequence of administration of these new agents, best timing for initiation, combination strategies, discontinuation beyond progression and after commencement of subsequent therapies, and coordination with other treatments have not been done. Predictive biomarkers could allow patient selection for a specific treatment, but in their absence, most physicians will rely on a trial of treatment with a preferred agent and substitute for an alternative therapy on objective progression. Current data suggest that the response rate to drugs targeting the AR ligand-binding domain decreases with each treatment, but we hypothesize that a significant proportion of CRPC remains dependent on the AR axis and, therefore, novel strategies for disrupting AR signaling merit evaluation.
Coded Modulation Using Superimposed Binary Codes (2004)

In this correspondence, we investigate in a comprehensive fashion a one-layer coding/shaping scheme resembling a perfectly cooperated multiple-access system. At the transmitter, binary data are encoded by either single-level or multilevel codes. The coded bits are first randomly interleaved and then entered into a signal mapper. At each time, the signal mapper accepts as input multiple binary digits and delivers as output an amplitude signal, where the input are first independently mapped into 2-PAM signals (possibly having different amplitudes) and then superimposed to form the output. The receiver consists of an iterative decoding/demapping algorithm with an entropy-based stopping criterion. In the special cases when all the 2-PAM signals have equal amplitudes, based on an irregular trellis, we propose an optimal soft-input-soft-output (SISO) demapping algorithm with quadratic rather than exponential complexity. In the general cases, when multilevel codes are employed, we propose power-allocation strategies to facilitate the iterative decoding/dempaping algorithm. Using the unequal power-allocations and the Gaussian-approximation-based suboptimal demapping algorithm (with linear complexity), coded modulation with high bandwidth efficiency can be implemented.
?Lymphoid? chemokine messenger RNA expression by epithelial cells in the chronic inflammatory lesion of the salivary glands of Sj�gren's syndrome patients: Possible participation in lymphoid structure formation (2001)

The expression pattern of "lymphoid" chemokine mRNA points further to the role of epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of SS and offers new insight into the potential mechanisms that could be involved in leukocyte attraction and in the in situ formation of secondary lymphoid tissue structures.
Indium‐Tin‐Oxide for High‐performance Electro‐optic Modulation (2014)

Abstract: Advances in opto‐electronics are often led by discovery and development of materials featuring unique properties. Recently, the material class of transparent conductive oxides (TCO) has attracted attention for active photonic devices on‐chip. In particular, indium tin oxide (ITO) is found to have refractive index changes on the order of unity. This property makes it possible to achieve electrooptic modulation of sub‐wavelength device scales, when thin ITO films are interfaced with optical light confinement techniques such as found in plasmonics; optical modes are compressed to nanometer scale to create strong light‐matter interactions. Here we review efforts towards utilizing this novel material for high performance and ultra‐compact modulation. While high performance metrics are achieved experimentally, there are open questions pertaining to the permittivity modulation mechanism of ITO. Finally, we review a variety of optical and electrical properties of ITO for different processing conditions, and show that ITO‐based plasmonic electro‐optic modulators have the potential to significantly outperform diffractionlimited devices.
Noxa determines localization and stability of MCL-1 and consequently ABT-737 sensitivity in small cell lung cancer (2014)

The sensitivity to ABT-737, a prototype BH3 mimetic drug, varies in a broad range in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. We have previously shown that the expression of Noxa, a BH3-only pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein, is the critical determinant of ABT-737 sensitivity. We show here that Noxa regulates the localization and stability of MCL-1, an anti-apoptotic member, which results in modulating ABT-737 sensitivity. Mutations in Noxa within the BH3 domain, the carboxyl terminus mitochondrial targeting domain, or of ubiquitinated lysines not only change the localization and stability of Noxa itself but also affect the mitochondrial localization and phosphorylation/ubiquitination status of MCL-1 and consequently modulate sensitivity to ABT-737. Results of studies utilizing these mutant proteins indicate that Noxa recruits MCL-1 from the cytosol to the mitochondria. Translocation of MCL-1 initiates its phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitination, which triggers proteasome-mediated degradation. The precise regulatory mechanisms of Noxa/MCL-1 expression and stability could provide alternative targets to modulate apoptosis induced by BH3 mimetic drugs or other chemotherapeutic reagents.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Azelastine Nasal Spray in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis: Large Scale Experience in Community Practice (1997)

Two Spanish prospective monitoring studies evaluated efficacy and tolerability of azelastine nasal spray containing azelastine hydrochloride for allergic rhinitis. Both studies were conducted by community practitioners over two weeks (Study I) or one month (Study II). The numbers of patients recruited were 3680 (I) and 4002 (II). Of these, 56.1% (I) and 51.7% (II) had been previously treated with oral antihistamines with/without other medications. Patients rated the severity of 10 symptoms of allergic rhinitis as absent, mild, moderate or severe. Azelastine nasal spray was generally administered at a dose of one spray puff (0.14 mg) per nostril twice daily. Follow-up was after 14 days (I) or 31 days (II), when symptoms were rated and patients questioned about treatment. Assessment was by a sum score for all 10 symptoms. A symptom sum score of 16-20 occurred in 21.1% (I) and 13.7% (II) of patients before treatment and only 0.8% (I) and 0.6% (II) after treatment. A symptom sum score of 11-15 occurred in 35.9% (I) and 30.5% (II) of patients before treatment and only 2.6% (I) and 2.8% (II) after treatment. Overall, 92.3% (I) and 90.7% (II) of patients were completely free of adverse events, 7.0% (I) and 8.8% (II) experienced one and 0.7% (I) and 0.6% (II) two adverse events. The number of doctors who rated efficacy as either very good or good was 89.4% (I) and 84.6% (II). General tolerance was rated as good or very good by 97.5% (I) and 97.3% (II), and local tolerance by 93.1% (I) and 91.5% (II) of physicians, respectively. Overall, azelastine nasal spray was highly effective and very well tolerated in normal clinical practice.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells (2004)

Infusion of different hematopoietic stem cell populations and ex vivo expanded endothelial progenitor cells augments neovascularization of tissue after ischemia and contributes to reendothelialization after endothelial injury, thereby, providing a novel therapeutic option. However, controversy exists with respect to the identification and the origin of endothelial progenitor cells. Overall, there is consensus that endothelial progenitor cells can derive from the bone marrow and that CD133/VEGFR2 cells represent a population with endothelial progenitor capacity. However, increasing evidence suggests that there are additional bone marrow-derived cell populations (eg, myeloid cells, "side population" cells, and mesenchymal cells) and non-bone marrow-derived cells, which also can give rise to endothelial cells. The characterization of the different progenitor cell populations and their functional properties are discussed. Mobilization and endothelial progenitor cell-mediated neovascularization is critically regulated. Stimulatory (eg, statins and exercise) or inhibitory factors (risk factors for coronary artery disease) modulate progenitor cell levels and, thereby, affect the vascular repair capacity. Moreover, recruitment and incorporation of endothelial progenitor cells requires a coordinated sequence of multistep adhesive and signaling events including adhesion and migration (eg, by integrins), chemoattraction (eg, by SDF-1/CXCR4), and finally the differentiation to endothelial cells. This review summarizes the mechanisms regulating endothelial progenitor cell-mediated neovascularization and reendothelialization.
Cultured mouse marrow cell lines: Interactions between fibroblastoid cells and monocytes (1984)

Continuous cell lines were derived from primary cultures of adherent bone marrow cells from SJL/J, BALB/c, C3H/eb, RF, and nude-ICR mice. All these lines readily assumed a pure fibroblastoid appearance with the exception of the BALB/c line (MBA-14), which retained both fibroblastoid and monocytoid cells. This particular line could promote the proliferation of myeloid progenitors (CFU-C) in short-term bone-marrow cultures. The two cell types that composed the MBA-14 cell line were successfully isolated and grown separately; the monocytes as the 14M and 14M1 cell lines and the fibroblastoid cells as the 14F clones. The latter were found to be preadipocytes and accumulated fat in the absence of added hydrocortisone, in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. Growth of the monocyte lines (14M and 14M1) was dependent upon the mononuclear phagocyte stimulator CSF-1. In the parent MBA-14 cell line the growth of monocytes seemed to depend upon stimulating factor(s) produced by the fibroblastoid cells. The 14M1 monocytes were able to process and degrade antigen as efficiently as primary macrophages. Furthermore, processed antigen produced by 14M1 cells evoked proliferative response by antigen-primed lymph-node cells. In addition to these immunological functions the 14M1 cells were capable of modulating the colony-stimulating activity and degree of adipogenesis exhibited by the fibroblastoid cells. These interactions between monocytes and fibroblastoid cells may constitute part of the mechanism controlling the activity of the hematopoietic microenvironment.
The mechanism of action of the tetrapeptide Acetyl‐N‐Ser‐Asp‐Lys‐Pro (AcSDKP) in the control of haematopoietic stem cell proliferation (1992)

The mechanism of action of the haemoregulatory tetrapeptide Acetyl-N-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (AcSDKP, M(r) = 487 amu), was investigated using an in vitro assay of a murine high proliferative potential colony-forming cell (HPP-CFC) which responds to proliferation regulators of the haematopoietic stem cell population. AcSDKP had no direct inhibitory effect on the number, or the proportion in S phase, of the committed granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GM-CFC), or cycling HPP-CFC populations. However, AcSDKP blocked the action of a stimulator of haematopoietic stem cell proliferation, preventing the switching of quiescent HPP-CFC into cell cycle. It would appear that AcSDKP exerts its inhibitory haemoregulatory role indirectly, by preventing stimulator action on haematopoietic stem cells.
Dose Dependent Changes in Cognitive Performance and Mood following Acute Administration ofGinsengto Healthy Young Volunteers (2001)

Recent evidence suggests that chronic administration of Ginseng can improve cognitive performance in animals and in humans. No previous study has examined the possibility of cognitive effects following single doses of Ginseng in healthy adults. The present study investigated whether acute administration of Ginseng (G115, Pharmaton SA) had any consistent effect on mood and four aspects of cognitive performance ("Quality of Memory", "Speed of Memory", "Quality of Attention" and "Speed of Attention") that can be derived by factor analysis of the Cognitive Drug Research computerised assessment battery. The study followed a placebo-controlled, double-blind, balanced, crossover design. Twenty healthy young adult volunteers received 200, 400, and 600 mg of G115, and a matching placebo, in counterbalanced order, with a 7 day wash-out period between treatments. Following a baseline cognitive assessment, further test sessions took place 1, 2.5, 4 and 6 h after the day's treatment. The most striking result was a significant improvement in "Quality of Memory" and the associated "Secondary Memory" factor at all time points following 400 mg of Ginseng. Both the 200 and 600 mg doses were associated with a significant decrement of the "Speed of Attention" factor at later testing times only. Subjective ratings of alertness were also reduced 6 h following the two lowest doses. To the best of our knowledge this represents the first demonstration of a modulation of mood and cognitive performance by acute administration of Ginseng.
New insights into Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenesis revealed by high-density pyrosequencing and transposon mutagenesis (2007)

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important and problematic human pathogen as it is the causative agent of several types of infections including pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, and urinary tract infections. We explored the pathogenic content of this harmful pathogen using a combination of DNA sequencing and insertional mutagenesis. The genome of this organism was sequenced using a strategy involving high-density pyrosequencing, a novel, rapid method of high-throughput sequencing. Excluding the rDNA repeats, the assembled genome is 3,976,746 base pairs (bp) and has 3830 ORFs. A significant fraction of ORFs (17.2%) are located in 28 putative alien islands, indicating that the genome has acquired a large amount of foreign DNA. Consistent with its role in pathogenesis, a remarkable number of the islands (16) contain genes implicated in virulence, indicating the organism devotes a considerable portion of its genes to pathogenesis. The largest island contains elements homologous to the Legionella/Coxiella Type IV secretion apparatus. Type IV secretion systems have been demonstrated to be important for virulence in other organisms and thus are likely to help mediate pathogenesis of A. baumannii. Insertional mutagenesis generated avirulent isolates of A. baumannii and verified that six of the islands contain virulence genes, including two novel islands containing genes that lacked homology with others in the databases. The DNA sequencing approach described in this study allows the rapid elucidation of the DNA sequence of any microbe and, when combined with genetic screens, can identify many novel genes important for microbial pathogenesis.
Non-small cell lung carcinoma therapy using mTOR-siRNA. (2012)

Molecular targeting agents play important roles in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. Published studies have investigated new drugs categorized as molecular targeting agents that inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We focused on a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that specifically inhibits mTOR and has fewer side effects. To evaluate the antitumor effects of the siRNA, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration were assessed. In the study group, the siRNA was transfected into NSCLC cells. The number of cells present after 6 days of culture was counted to determine changes in cell proliferation. The level of apoptosis was evaluated by the detection of DNA-histone complexes in the cytoplasmic fraction using an absorption spectrometer. Changes in migration were evaluated by calculating the number of cells that passed through a specific filter using a commercial chemotaxis assay kit. mTOR-siRNA transfection inhibited cell proliferation as indicated by 37.3% (p = 0.034) decrease in the number of cells compared with the control cells. Analysis of the level of apoptosis in NSCLC cells revealed 16.7% (p = 0.016) increase following mTOR-siRNA transfection, and mTOR-siRNA transfection significantly inhibited cell migration by 39.2% (p = 0.0001). We confirmed that mTOR-siRNA induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells in vitro. Further studies using mTOR-siRNA may aid in the development of an alternative therapy that maximizes the antineoplastic effect of mTOR inhibition.
Transfection of a human alpha-(1,3)fucosyltransferase gene into Chinese hamster ovary cells. Complications arise from activation of endogenous alpha-(1,3)fucosyltransferases. (1990)

In order to isolate a human gene encoding an alpha-(1,3)fucosyltransferase (alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T), genomic DNA from HL-60 cells was transfected by several methods into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Colonies expressing alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T activity were identified by their ability to bind a monoclonal antibody (anti-SSEA-1) that recognizes the carbohydrate product of alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T action. CHO cells do not express alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T activity but contain at least two, silent alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T genes previously identified by their activation in the rare, dominant mutants LEC11 and LEC12. These CHO enzymes were shown to be distinguishable from the alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T activity of HL-60 cells by the latter's comparative inability to transfer fucose to paragloboside and fetuin. Based on these criteria, only 11 isolates from more than 70 putative transfectants examined were found to stably express an alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T activity typical of HL-60 cells. Genomic DNA from two of these isolates was used to generate five independent secondary transfectants with HL-60-like alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T activity. Southern analysis revealed a common DNA fragment that hybridized to an Alu probe in each secondary, providing evidence that a human alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T gene had been transfected. However, in all transfection experiments, isolates that expressed alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T activities similar to CHO-encoded enzymes were also obtained. Several lines of evidence indicated that these cells arose from activation of endogenous CHO alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T genes as a consequence of DNA transfection. These false positives complicated the identification of transfectants expressing a human alpha-(1,3)Fuc-T gene and represent an important consideration in experiments to transfect other glycosyltransferase genes.
Learning and generalization of motor skills by learning from demonstration (2009)

We provide a general approach for learning robotic motor skills from human demonstration. To represent an observed movement, a non-linear differential equation is learned such that it reproduces this movement. Based on this representation, we build a library of movements by labeling each recorded movement according to task and context (e.g., grasping, placing, and releasing). Our differential equation is formulated such that generalization can be achieved simply by adapting a start and a goal parameter in the equation to the desired position values of a movement. For object manipulation, we present how our framework extends to the control of gripper orientation and finger position. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated in simulation as well as on the Sarcos dextrous robot arm. The robot learned a pick-and-place operation and a water-serving task and could generalize these tasks to novel situations.
A new reagent for the cleavage of fully protected peptides synthesised on 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin (1994)

A mixture of hexafluoroisopropanol–dichloromethane (1:4 v/v) acts as a fast, effective and convenient reagent for cleaving protected peptide fragments with a minimal amount of racemization from 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin.