gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The characteristics of a monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to rat T lymphoblasts and inhibits IL 2 receptor functions. (1983)

In order to obtain an anti-interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor antibody, we immunized mice with phorbol myristate acetate-pulsed rat T lymphoblasts. The spleen cells of the mice were fused with myeloma cells. Several stable clones of hybridoma cells were obtained that produced monoclonal antibodies (mAb) reacting specifically with rat T lymphoblasts. Only one of these mAb, the mAb ART18, showed characteristics of a putative anti-IL 2 receptor antibody. This mAb was produced on a large scale, purified, and characterized. As tested by a binding assay, 125I-labeled mAb ART18 bound to rat T lymphoblasts (7.5 X 10(4) binding sites per cell), but not to thymocytes or spleen cells of rat origin, or to lymphoblasts, thymocytes, or spleen cells of murine origin. Only marginal binding to lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat lymphoblasts was detected. The mAb ART18 inhibited in a species-specific and dose-dependent manner i) the capacity of rat T lymphoblasts to absorb IL 2 activity and ii) the capacity of rat T lymphoblasts to proliferate in response in IL 2. The function of T lymphoblasts of murine origin was not affected by the mAb ART18. The time course of the acquisition by mitogen-stimulated spleen cells of the capacity to absorb IL 2 activity was paralleled by that of their capacity to bind 125I-labeled mAb ART18. According to these data, the mAb ART18 seems to be directed against an antigenic determinant of the IL 2 receptor molecule.
Zeptomole Voltammetric Detection and Electron-Transfer Rate Measurements Using Platinum Electrodes of Nanometer Dimensions (2003)

The characterization of quasi-hemispherical Pt electrodes of nanometer dimensions (radius 2−150 nm), prepared by electrophoretic coating of etched Pt wires with poly(acrylic acid), is described. The goals of these experiments are to estimate the accuracy of using steady-state voltammetric limiting currents (ilim) in determining the true electrode area and to develop new electrochemical methods for rapidly screening individual electrodes for nonideal geometries. Electrochemical active areas were determined by measuring the electrical charge (Q) associated with oxidation of adsorbed bis(2,2‘-bipyridine)chloro(4,4‘-trimethylenedipyridine)osmium(II) in fast-scan voltammetric measurements (scan rate 1000 V/s). Voltammetric peaks corresponding to oxidation of as few as ∼7000 molecules (∼11 zmol) at individual electrodes are reported, allowing precise measurement of electrode areas as small as ∼10-10 cm2. A plot of ilim (for a soluble redox species) versus Q1/2 (for an adsorbed redox species), constructed from ilim−Q1/2 data pairs obtained as a function of the electrode radius, is shown to be linear if the electrode geometry is independent of electrode radius; departure of experimental values from the straight-line plot is a diagnostic indicator of a nonideal electrode geometry. The results indicate that ∼50% of the electrodes prepared by the electrophoretic polymer-coating procedure are quasi-hemispherical, the remaining being recessed slightly below the polymer coating. The heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant for the oxidation of the ferrocenylmethyltrimethylammonium cation in H2O/0.2 M KCl was also determined from steady-state voltammetry using the method of Mirkin and Bard and found to be 4.8 ± 3.2 cm/s with α = 0.64 ± 0.15.
The Directed Synthesis of Biaryl Compounds: Modern Concepts and Strategies (1990)

Abstract The preparation and utilization of specific biaryl systems, particularly those which suffer hindered rotation, is a demanding goal not only in the synthesis of natural products and Pharmaceuticals, but also for example in the discovery of new reagents for asymmetric synthesis. This article will attempt to provide a topical review of modern, efficient processes for the specific preparation of biaryls. This appears to be of particular urgency, since, under the pressure of continually increasing demand, a wealth of new or modified synthetic approaches to the ever more important biaryl systems has been realized in recent years. The high standard which has been reached in this field is impressively demonstrated by regio‐ and stereoselective syntheses of important biaryl natural products such as steganone, ancistrocladine, ancistrocladisine, and dioncophylline A. Besides the utilization of asymmetric induction in the actual coupling step, the thermodynamically or kinetically controlled torsion of biaryl axes belongs to the most important concepts discussed.
Chimeric Potyvirus-Like Particles as Vaccine Carriers (1996)

Presentation of subunit vaccines in a highly ordered aggregate form can result in enhanced immune responses. Coat protein (CP) monomers of a potyvirus (Johnsongrass mosaic virus) when produced in heterologous host expression systems (Escherichia coli, yeast and insect cells) self-polymerized to produce potyvirus-like particles (PVLPs). The N- and C-terminal regions of potyvirus CP are surface-exposed and are not required for assembly. Hybrid CP monomers containing short peptides fused to their N- and/or C-termini, or large target antigens fused to the N-terminus or replacing most of the N- or C-terminal exposed regions retained the ability to assemble into hybrid PVLPs. Such chimeric PVLPs were highly immunogenic in mice and rabbits even in the absence of any adjuvant. Potyvirus CP is highly versatile in accommodating peptides or large antigens and is able to present antigens exposed on the surface of virus-like particles. This, combined with the efficiency of high level bacterial and insect cell expression systems, makes PVLPs an attractive non-pathogenic and non-replicative vaccine carrier.
Percutaneous radiofrequency lesioning of sensory branches of the obturator and femoral nerves for the treatment of hip joint pain (2001)

Percutaneous radiofrequency lesioning of sensory branches of the obturator and femoral nerves is an alternative treatment in patients with hip joint pain, especially in those where operation is not applicable.
Advantage of combining resin with lytic BACTEC blood culture media (1997)

The BACTEC 9240 (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, Md.) automated blood culture system is based on the continuous monitoring of CO2 production by means of a fluorescent sensor attached to the bottom of a culture vial. We compared two media for this system, resin-containing Plus aerobic/F and Lytic anaerobic/F. Sets of Plus aerobic/F and Lytic anaerobic/F vials inoculated with similar volumes (9 +/- 2.5 ml) were evaluated. In the laboratory, the vials were introduced into the system in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer and incubated at 35 degrees C for 5 days. A total of 10,914 sets consisting of two bottles each were obtained from 3,674 patients (2.97 cultures per patient). Of these, 1,233 (11%) were culture positive, including 1,074 (10%) yielding at least one pathogen, and 178 (2%) were contaminated. A total of 1,135 isolates were considered clinically relevant in 624 septic episodes; we isolated 894 from Plus aerobic/F and 852 from Lytic anaerobic/F (P = 0.06 [not significant]). More S. aureus isolates (P = 0.05), Pseudomonas spp. (P < 0.0001), other gram-negative bacteria (P = 0.004), and yeasts (P < 0.0001) were isolated from Plus aerobic/F medium, but more streptococci (P < 0.0001), E. coli (P = 0.02) strains and anaerobes (P < 0.0001) were detected with Lytic anaerobic/F medium. Lytic anaerobic/F vials were significantly (P < 0.0001) more often positive at least 6 h before Plus aerobic/F vials (n = 112 versus 52, respectively). Significantly more (P < 0.0001) Plus aerobic/F vials (n = 210; 1.9%) than Lytic anaerobic/F vials (n = 42; 0.4%) were unconfirmed positives. Plus aerobic/F and Lytic anaerobic/F proved to be a valuable pair of blood culture media. Plus aerobic/F performs better for patients under antibiotic treatment, due to the antimicrobial-neutralizing effect of resins. For patients without antibiotic therapy, more microorganisms could be isolated from Lytic anaerobic/F due to cell lysis.
Gene Transfer Into Normal and Atherosclerotic Human Blood Vessels (1998)

Gene transfer to blood vessels is a promising new approach to the treatment of the vascular diseases, but the feasibility of gene transfer to adult human vessels has not been explored. We introduced an adenovirus vector encoding a marker gene human placental alkaline phosphatase into normal and atherosclerotic human vessels in organ culture. In the normal vessels, recombinant gene was expressed preferentially in the endothelial cells (approximately 100%), intimal smooth muscle cells (1.3+/-0.4%, 1.4+/-1.0%, and 3.8+/-0.8% in the internal mammary arteries, saphenous veins, and normal coronary arteries, respectively), and various adventitial cells. Advanced, complicated atherosclerotic plaques demonstrated a similar efficiency of recombinant gene expression (3.1+/-0.5% and 3.8+/-0.3% of nonendothelial intimal cells in the coronary artery and carotid artery plaques, respectively). Of these intimal cells, macrophages and smooth muscle cells expressed a transgene, identifying them as targets for gene transfer. Areas of plaque rupture and thrombus are sites of predilection for expression of recombinant genes. Collagenase and elastase treatment increased the percentage of transgenic alkaline phosphatase-positive cells 7 times (P<0.001), suggesting that the pattern of gene expression was affected by the amount of surrounding extracellular matrix. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of gene transfer to human blood vessels. However, these studies also highlight important barriers to adenoviral gene delivery to the actual normal and atherosclerotic human vessels of clinical interest.
Improved Survival with Bevacizumab in Advanced Cervical Cancer (2014)

The addition of bevacizumab to combination chemotherapy in patients with recurrent, persistent, or metastatic cervical cancer was associated with an improvement of 3.7 months in median overall survival. (Funded by the National Cancer Institute; GOG 240 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00803062.).
Cardiolipin Stabilizes Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes (2003)

Cardiolipin stabilized supercomplexes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae respiratory chain complexes III and IV (ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase and cytochrome c oxidase, respectively), but was not essential for their formation in the inner mitochondrial membrane because they were found also in a cardiolipin-deficient strain. Reconstitution with cardiolipin largely restored wild-type stability. The putative interface of complexes III and IV comprises transmembrane helices of cytochromes b and c1 and tightly bound cardiolipin. Subunits Rip1p, Qcr6p, Qcr9p, Qcr10p, Cox8p, Cox12p, and Cox13p and cytochrome c were not essential for the assembly of supercomplexes; and in the absence of Qcr6p, the formation of supercomplexes was even promoted. An additional marked effect of cardiolipin concerns cytochrome c oxidase. We show that a cardiolipin-deficient strain harbored almost inactive resting cytochrome c oxidase in the membrane. Transition to the fully active pulsed state occurred on a minute time scale.
Highly Enantioselective Ring Opening of CyclicMeso-Anhydrides to Isopropyl Hemiesters with Ti−TADDOLates:  An Alternative to Hydrolytic Enzymes? (1998)

The Lewis acid mediated transfer of an alkoxide ligand from the chiral ligand sphere of Ti−TADDOLate (1) to cyclic meso anhydrides to afford the corresponding hemiesters is described. By using this method a variety of structurally different anhydrides can be converted to isopropyl hemiesters with high enantioselectivities (enantiomer ratios up to 99:1). We have also investigated Lewis acidic titanium complexes, which differ from 1 in the chiral ligand or the alkoxide ligand that is transferred. Finally, a catalytic version, which allows the substoichiometric use of Ti−TADDOLate in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of Al(Oi-Pr)3, is presented.
Structure, Wettability, and Frictional Properties of Phenyl-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold (2001)

Alkanethiols possessing terminal phenyl groups (C6H5(CH2)nSH, n = 12−15) were adsorbed onto the surface of gold to afford phenyl-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The SAMs were characterized by optical ellipsometry, polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle goniometry. The films generated from the phenyl-terminated alkanethiols exhibited greater thicknesses but similar crystallinities and well-ordered lattice structures when compared to analogous SAMs generated by the adsorption of normal alkanethiols onto gold. Advancing contact angle measurements using water as the test liquid supported the presence of interfacial phenyl moieties. Furthermore, contact angle measurements using the test liquids methylene iodide (MI), dimethyl formamide (DMF), and nitrobenzene (NB) revealed an odd−even effect as a function of the number of methylene units underneath the terminal phenyl groups. The tribological properties of the phenyl-terminated films were characterized by AFM and compared to those of films derived from normal alkanethiols and other materials presenting aromatic hydrocarbon moieties at the interface (i.e., graphite and C60). The phenyl-terminated SAMs exhibited a substantially higher frictional response than graphite, a slightly higher frictional response than normal alkanethiol SAMs, but a much lower frictional response than C60-terminated SAMs.
The cleavage pattern of TDP-43 determines its rate of clearance and cytotoxicity (2015)

TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) and its C-terminal fragment of 25 kDa (CTF25) play critical roles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Although the overexpression of TDP-43 in cultured cells and animals results in the production of CTF25, the cleavage site that generates CTF25 and biological significance of the cleavage remain undetermined. Here we identify Asp174 as a cleavage site for CTF25. TDP-43 is cleaved initially after Asp174, which activates caspase-3/7 to accelerate TDP-43 fragmentation. Consequently, blockage of this cleavage results in a severe delay in TDP-43 clearance and prolonged necrotic cell death. We further show that the endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound caspase-4 is the enzyme responsible for the cleavage after Asp174 and inhibition of caspase-4 activity slows TDP-43 fragmentation and reduces cell viability. These findings suggest that caspase-4-mediated cleavage after Asp174 is an initiator of TDP-43 clearance, which is required to avoid cell death induced by overexpressed TDP-43.
Electromechanically active polymer blends for actuation (2000)

Actuator mechanisms that are lightweight, durable, and efficient are needed to support telerobotic requirements, for future NASA missions. In this work, we present a series of electromechanically active polymer blends that can potentially be used as actuators for a variety of applications. This polymer blend combines an electrostrictive graft-elastomer with a ferroelectric poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) polymer. Mechanical and piezoelectric properties of the blends as a function of temperature, frequency and relative composition of the two constituents in the blends have been studied. Electric field induced strain response of the blend films has also been studied as a function of the relative composition. A bending actuator device was developed incorporating the use of the polymer blend materials. The results and the possible effects of the combination of piezoelectricity and electrostriction in a material system are presented and discussed. This type of analysis may enable the design of blend compositions with optimal strain, mechanical, and dielectric properties for specific actuator applications.
The other cells in asthma: dendritic cell and epithelial cell crosstalk (2003)

Dendritic cells (DCs) and epithelial cells are the first cells to encounter inhaled allergens. The response of these cell types to allergens is fundamentally different in asthmatics compared with nonasthmatics. DCs and epithelial cells interact through cell-cell interactions and through release of soluble mediators. The response of epithelial cells to allergens can profoundly modify the behavior of intramucosal DCs. Upon migration to the draining nodes, mucosal DCs undergo functional maturation and induce proliferation in naive T cells and primed Th2 cells. The implications of the DC-epithelial interaction for the pathogenesis of asthma is becoming increasingly clear by the use of mouse models and culture systems of human cells.
Tensor Impedance Surfaces (2010)

Abstract : We have investigated and determined how the tensor properties of an impedance surface can be shaped to control and steer surface waves in a very general way, all the while preserving phase information. Two findings made this possible. First, it was discovered through eigenvalue analysis that a TM or TE surface bound wave tends to favor strongly propagation along one of the principal axes of its tensor impedance matrix. This is illustrated by the series of simulations shown in Figure 1 for the case of a TM wave, which favors propagation along the shorter principal axis.
Inflammation-sensitive super enhancers form domains of coordinately regulated enhancer RNAs (2015)

Enhancers are critical genomic elements that define cellular and functional identity through the spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression. Recent studies suggest that key genes regulating cell type-specific functions reside in enhancer-dense genomic regions (i.e., super enhancers, stretch enhancers). Here we report that enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) identified by global nuclear run-on sequencing are extensively transcribed within super enhancers and are dynamically regulated in response to cellular signaling. Using Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in macrophages as a model system, we find that transcription of super enhancer-associated eRNAs is dynamically induced at most of the key genes driving innate immunity and inflammation. Unexpectedly, genes repressed by TLR4 signaling are also associated with super enhancer domains and accompanied by massive repression of eRNA transcription. Furthermore, we find each super enhancer acts as a single regulatory unit within which eRNA and genic transcripts are coordinately regulated. The key regulatory activity of these domains is further supported by the finding that super enhancer-associated transcription factor binding is twice as likely to be conserved between human and mouse than typical enhancer sites. Our study suggests that transcriptional activities at super enhancers are critical components to understand the dynamic gene regulatory network.
Convolutional, Long Short-Term Memory, fully connected Deep Neural Networks (2015)

Both Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) have shown improvements over Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) across a wide variety of speech recognition tasks. CNNs, LSTMs and DNNs are complementary in their modeling capabilities, as CNNs are good at reducing frequency variations, LSTMs are good at temporal modeling, and DNNs are appropriate for mapping features to a more separable space. In this paper, we take advantage of the complementarity of CNNs, LSTMs and DNNs by combining them into one unified architecture. We explore the proposed architecture, which we call CLDNN, on a variety of large vocabulary tasks, varying from 200 to 2,000 hours. We find that the CLDNN provides a 4-6% relative improvement in WER over an LSTM, the strongest of the three individual models.
Alanine Substitutions of Polar and Nonpolar Residues in the Amino-Terminal Domain of CCR5 Differently Impair Entry of Macrophage- and Dualtropic Isolates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1998)

Multiple extracellular domains of the CC-chemokine receptor CCR5 are important for its function as a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptor. We have recently demonstrated by alanine scanning mutagenesis that the negatively charged residues in the CCR5 amino-terminal domain are essential for gp120 binding and coreceptor function. We have now extended our analysis of this domain to include most polar and nonpolar amino acids. Replacement of alanine with all four tyrosine residues and with serine-17 and cysteine-20 decrease or abolish gp120 binding and CCR5 coreceptor activity. Tyrosine-15 is essential for viral entry irrespective of the test isolate. Substitutions at some of the other positions impair the entry of dualtropic HIV-1 isolates more than that of macrophagetropic ones.
Interferon Production in Patients Infected with HIV-1 (1989)

The production of interferon (IFN) from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after virus or mitogen stimulation was evaluated in 141 patients positive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). IFN-alpha production by PBMC of patients at Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stage II (Walter Reed [WR] 1) was comparable to that produced by PBMC of healthy controls. However, cells of patients at early CDC stage III (WR 2) produced significantly lower titers of IFN-alpha (P less than .001), and IFN-alpha was almost absent at CDC stage IV (WR 6) (P less than .001). IFN-gamma production was altered in patients at late CDC stage III (WR 4-5) and CDC IV (WR 6). A strong correlation between the disappearance of antibodies to core proteins and low IFN-alpha level was observed. IFN-alpha levels were significantly diminished in patients positive for HIV antigen. Reduced IFN-alpha production paralleled the HIV-1-related depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes and might serve as an additional parameter in defining the stage of HIV-1 infection.
Palladium(II)-catalysed oxidation of carbon–carbon double bonds of allylic compounds with molecular oxygen; regioselective formation of aldehydes (1991)

Treatment of N-allylamides 1a–c and lactams 1d–f with molecular oxygen in the presence of [PdCl2(MeCN)2]–CuCl catalyst in anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane containing hexamethylphosphoric triamide gives the corresponding aldehydes 2 regioselectively, while methyl ketones 3 become the major products in the presence of water.
心肌梗死后抑郁的预测：来自心肌梗死和抑郁干预试验（MIND—IT）的数据 (2006)

背景：心肌梗死（MI）后抑郁与复杂的心脏康复、不依从性及较差的预后相关。MI后抑郁是否能够通过MI住院期间各种常规测定变量进行评价尚未知。方法：采用来自心肌梗死和抑郁干预试验（MIND—IT）的数据，人选2177例MI患者（平均年龄63岁，女性23％）。病例被随机分为源样本和确认样本。在源样本中，分析了可能与MI后抑郁症相关的变量，并在确认样本中加以验证。结果：在MI后1年，18．5％的患者患有抑郁症（ICD-10标准）。在多变量模型中，与抑郁相关的因素为年轻（0R1．94，95％CI1．38～2．74）、高胆固醇血症（0R1．68，95％CI1．08—2．61）、出院后钙通道阻断剂的应用（0R1．80，95％CI1．20～2．71）以及左心室射血分数（LVEF）（LVEF〈30％的患者0R4．14，95％CI2．42～7．10）。在确认样本中验证所得出的预测因素。最终的模型得出了两个临床预测因素，即年轻和严重左室功能障碍，可准确地预测82．9％MI患者出院后抑郁状态。该模型具有高阴性预测值（89％）。住院期间阳性抑郁量表（BDI）结果将阳性预测值从23％提高到52％。
Phenotypic Convergence Mediated by GGDEF-Domain-Containing Proteins (2005)

GGDEF domain-containing proteins have been implicated in bacterial signal transduction and synthesis of the second messenger molecule cyclic-di-GMP. A number of GGDEF proteins are involved in controlling the formation of extracellular matrices. AdrA (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium) and HmsT (Yersinia pestis) contain GGDEF domains and are required for extracellular cellulose production and biofilm formation, respectively. Here we show that hmsT is able to restore cellulose synthesis to a Salmonella serovar Typhimurium adrA mutant and that adrA can replace hmsT in Y. pestis Hms-dependent biofilm formation. Like Y. pestis HmsT overproducers, Y. pestis cells carrying adrA under the control of an arabinose-inducible promoter produced substantial biofilms in the presence of arabinose. Finally, we demonstrate that HmsT is involved in the synthesis of cyclic di-GMP.