gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cation-Dependent Intrinsic Electrical Conductivity in Isostructural Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks (2015)

Isostructural metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) M2(TTFTB) (M = Mn, Co, Zn, and Cd; H4TTFTB = tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate) exhibit a striking correlation between their single-crystal conductivities and the shortest S···S interaction defined by neighboring TTF cores, which inversely correlates with the ionic radius of the metal ions. The larger cations cause a pinching of the S···S contact, which is responsible for better orbital overlap between pz orbitals on neighboring S and C atoms. Density functional theory calculations show that these orbitals are critically involved in the valence band of these materials, such that modulation of the S···S distance has an important effect on band dispersion and, implicitly, on the conductivity. The Cd analogue, with the largest cation and shortest S···S contact, shows the largest electrical conductivity, σ = 2.86 (±0.53) × 10(-4) S/cm, which is also among the highest in microporous MOFs. These results describe the first demonstration of tunable intrinsic electrical conductivity in this class of materials and serve as a blueprint for controlling charge transport in MOFs with π-stacked motifs.
Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Escape from the Primary CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Response (2004)

CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in containment of virus replication in primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV's ability to mutate to escape from CTL pressure is increasingly recognized; but comprehensive studies of escape from the CD8 T cell response in primary HIV infection are currently lacking. Here, we have fully characterized the primary CTL response to autologous virus Env, Gag, and Tat proteins in three patients, and investigated the extent, kinetics, and mechanisms of viral escape from epitope-specific components of the response. In all three individuals, we observed variation beginning within weeks of infection at epitope-containing sites in the viral quasispecies, which conferred escape by mechanisms including altered peptide presentation/recognition and altered antigen processing. The number of epitope-containing regions exhibiting evidence of early CTL escape ranged from 1 out of 21 in a subject who controlled viral replication effectively to 5 out of 7 in a subject who did not. Evaluation of the extent and kinetics of HIV-1 escape from >40 different epitope-specific CD8 T cell responses enabled analysis of factors determining escape and suggested that escape is restricted by costs to intrinsic viral fitness and by broad, codominant distribution of CTL-mediated pressure on viral replication.
Pulsed Corona Plasma Technology for Treating VOC Emissions from Pulp Mills (2004)

Under the DOE Office of Industrial Technologies Forest Products program various plasma technologies were evaluated under project FWP 49885 ''Experimental Assessment of Low-Temperature Plasma Technologies for Treating Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Pulp Mills and Wood Products Plants''. The heterogeneous pulsed corona discharge was chosen as the best non-equilibrium plasma technology for control of the vent emissions from HVLC Brownstock Washers. The technology for removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from gas emissions with conditions typical of the exhausts of the paper industry by means of pulsed corona plasma techniques presented in this work. For the compounds of interest in this study (methanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfide and ? -pinene), high removal efficiencies were obtained with power levels competitive with the present technologies for the VOCs removal. Laboratory experiments were made using installation with the average power up to 20 W. Pilot plant prepared for on-site test has average plasma power up to 6.4 kW. The model of the Pilot Plant operation is presented.
Editors' Introduction: Special Issue on Highlights of the Alife VI Conference (1998)

January 01 1998 Editors' Introduction: Special Issue on Highlights of the Alife VI Conference In Special Collection: CogNet Charles E. Taylor, Charles E. Taylor Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Christopher G. Langton, Christopher G. Langton Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Hiroaki Kitano Hiroaki Kitano Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Charles E. Taylor Christopher G. Langton Hiroaki Kitano Online ISSN: 1530-9185 Print ISSN: 1064-5462 © 1998 Massachusetts Institute of Technology1998 Artificial Life (1998) 4 (1): iii. https://doi.org/10.1162/106454698568404 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Charles E. Taylor, Christopher G. Langton, Hiroaki Kitano; Editors' Introduction: Special Issue on Highlights of the Alife VI Conference. Artif Life 1998; 4 (1): iii. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/106454698568404 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsArtificial Life Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1998 Massachusetts Institute of Technology1998 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Substitutions T200A and E227A in the Hemagglutinin of Pandemic 2009 Influenza A Virus Increase Lethality but Decrease Transmission (2013)

We report that swine influenza virus-like substitutions T200A and E227A in the hemagglutinin (HA) of the 2009 pandemic influenza virus alter its pathogenesis and transmission. Viral replication is increased in mammalian cells. Infected mice show increased disease as measured by weight loss and lethality. Transmission in ferrets is decreased in the presence of both substitutions, suggesting that amino acids 200T and 227E are adaptive changes in the HA of swine origin influenza viruses associated with increased transmission and decreased pathogenesis.
Anchor sequence-dependent endogenous processing of human immunodeficiency virus 1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 for CD4+ T cell recognition. (1990)

Human CD4+ T cell clones and cell lines were shown to lyse recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells that synthesize the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp160. The processing of endogenously synthesized gp160 for recognition by CD4+ T cells required that the protein, after synthesis on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and during subsequent cellular transport, remain attached to the luminal/extracellular membrane face by a hydrophobic anchor sequence.
Molecular Biology Techniques (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Biology TechniquesKristen J. SkogerboeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 12, 416–419Publication Date (Print):June 15, 1993Publication History Published online5 March 2003Published inissue 15 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00060a610https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00060a610research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wavepath eikonal traveltime inversion; theory (1993)

Abstract We present a general formula for the back projection of traveltime residuals in traveltime tomography. For special choices of an arbitrary weighting factor this formula reduces to the asymptotic back-projection term in ray-tracing tomography (RT), the Woodward-Rocca method, wavepath eikonal traveltime inversion (WET), and wave-equation traveltime inversion (WT). This unification provides for an understanding of the differences and similarities among these traveltime tomography methods.The special case of the WET formula leads to a computationally efficient inversion scheme in the space-time domain that is, in principle, almost as effective as WT inversion yet is an order of magnitude faster. It also leads to an analytic formula for the fast computation of wavepaths. Unlike ray-tracing tomography, WET partially accounts for band-limited source and shadow effects in the data. Several numerical tests of the WET method are used to illustrate its properties.
Novel Nanotube-on-Insulator (NOI) Approach toward Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Devices (2005)

We present a novel nanotube-on-insulator (NOI) approach for producing high-yield nanotube devices based on aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes. First, we managed to grow aligned nanotube arrays with controlled density on crystalline, insulating sapphire substrates, which bear analogy to industry-adopted silicon-on-insulator substrates. On the basis of the nanotube arrays, we demonstrated registration-free fabrication of both top-gated and polymer-electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors with minimized parasitic capacitance. In addition, we have developed a way to transfer these aligned nanotube arrays to flexible substrates successfully. Our approach has great potential for high-density, large-scale integrated systems based on carbon nanotubes for both micro- and flexible electronics.
Homoduplex and Heteroduplex Polymorphisms of the Amplified Ribosomal 16S-23S Internal Transcribed Spacers Describe Genetic Relationships in the “ Bacillus cereus Group” (2000)

Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus pseudomycoides, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus weihenstephanensis are closely related in phenotype and genotype, and their genetic relationship is still open to debate. The present work uses amplified 16S-23S internal transcribed spacers (ITS) to discriminate between the strains and species and to describe the genetic relationships within the "B. cereus group," advantage being taken of homoduplex-heteroduplex polymorphisms (HHP) resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. One hundred forty-one strains belonging to the six species were investigated, and 73 ITS-HHP pattern types were distinguished by MDE, a polyacrylamide matrix specifically designed to resolve heteroduplex and single-strand conformation polymorphisms. The discriminating bands were confirmed as ITS by Southern hybridization, and the homoduplex or heteroduplex nature was identified by single-stranded DNA mung bean nuclease digestion. Several of the ITS-HHP types corresponded to specific phenotypes such as B. anthracis or serotypes of B. thuringiensis. Unweighted pair group method arithmetic average cluster analysis revealed two main groups. One included B. mycoides, B. weihenstephanensis, and B. pseudomycoides. The second included B. cereus and B. thuringiensis, B. anthracis appeared as a lineage of B. cereus.
Biochemical and Genetic Studies of the Initiation of Human Rhinovirus 2 RNA Replication: Identification of a cis -Replicating Element in the Coding Sequence of 2A pro (2001)

We have previously shown that the RNA polymerase 3D(pol) of human rhinovirus 2 (HRV2) catalyzes the covalent linkage of UMP to the terminal protein (VPg) using poly(A) as a template (K. Gerber, E. Wimmer, and A. V. Paul, J. Virol. 75:10969-10978, 2001). The products of this in vitro reaction are VPgpU, VPgpUpU, and VPg-poly(U), the 5' end of minus-strand RNA. In the present study we used an assay system developed for poliovirus 3D(pol) (A. V. Paul, E. Rieder, D. W. Kim, J. H. van Boom, and E. Wimmer, J. Virol. 74: 10359-10370, 2000) to search for a viral sequence or structure in HRV2 RNA that would provide specificity to this reaction. We now show that a small hairpin in HRV2 RNA [cre(2A)], located in the coding sequence of 2A(pro), serves as the primary template for HRV2 3D(pol) in the uridylylation of HRV2 VPg, yielding VPgpU and VPgpUpU. The in vitro reaction is strongly stimulated by the addition of purified HRV2 3CD(pro). Our analyses suggest that HRV2 3D(pol) uses a "slide-back" mechanism during synthesis of the VPg-linked precursors. The corresponding cis- replicating RNA elements in the 2C(ATPase) coding region of poliovirus type 1 Mahoney (I. Goodfellow, Y. Chaudhry, A. Richardson, J. Meredith, J. W. Almond, W. Barclay, and D. J. Evans, J. Virol. 74:4590-4600, 2000) and VP1 of HRV14 (K. L. McKnight and S. M. Lemon, RNA 4:1569-1584, 1998) can be functionally exchanged in the assay with cre(2A) of HRV2. Mutations of either the first or the second A in the conserved A(1)A(2)A(3)CA sequence in the loop of HRV2 cre(2A) abolished both viral growth and the RNA's ability to serve as a template in the in vitro VPg uridylylation reaction.
OsteoConduct: wireless body-area communication based on bone conduction (2007)

We present OsteoConduct, a novel technology that leverages the human musculoskeletal system to transmit data and interface users in a low-power, secure, non-intrusive fashion. OsteoConduct employs a mechanical stimulus in form of patterned acoustic vibration, generated by human users or external sti
[Interaction between tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the smooth muscle cells of the airway: implication in the physiopathology of asthma]. (1996)

Asthma is a disease characterized by a bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Although the underlying mechanisms that induce this increase in bronchial reactivity remain unknown, evidence suggests that the inflammatory process present in the airways could play an important role in the development of BHR. This latter may result from alterations in the intrinsic properties of airway smooth muscle induced by inflammatory mediators. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, appears to be an interesting candidate considering on one hand that it is able to induce, in human and in animals, a BHR to different inhaled pharmacological agents and on the other hand that high levels of TNF alpha were found in asthmatic airways. Our studies show that TNF alpha induces in a direct manner some modifications of the bronchial smooth muscle which can underly an increased muscle contractility. These modifications include an alteration of the intracellular calcium homeostasis and an increase in the mitogen capacity of the human airway smooth muscle cells. Using antibodies directed against the two existing receptor type of TNF alpha (TNFRp55 and TNFRp75) and TNF alpha-analogs obtained by directed mutagenesis, we showed that these modifications result from the activation of TNFRp55. The implication of this receptor in the other pathophysiologic characteristics of asthma is also discussed in this review.
Phylogenetic analysis of clinical mumps virus isolates from vaccinated and non‐vaccinated patients with mumps during an outbreak, Switzerland 1998–2000 (2004)

During the past decade mumps outbreaks have occurred in several European countries with universal vaccination programs probably due to poor efficacy of the Rubini vaccine strain. However, the evolution of vaccine escape mutants has also been considered. A phylogenetic analysis was undertaken on 69 clinical mumps isolates obtained from 39 vaccinated and 22 non-vaccinated mumps cases (and six cases with unknown vaccination status) during an outbreak in 1998-2000. Two major strain clusters (SWI-H, SWI-C) with two subgroups each (SWI-H1/2, SWI-C1/2) were identified, which belonged to genotypes C and H. No association between viral clusters and vaccination status or a specific vaccine strain (Jeryl-Lynn or Rubini) was found. Cluster SWI-C1 occurred more frequently in the Western part of Switzerland (P < 0.001). Isolates causing complicated disease tended to cluster more frequently with SWI-H1 (P = 0.11). Wild-type strains homologous or similar to the Rubini vaccine strain (isolated in Switzerland in 1974) were no longer circulating. Therefore, there was no evidence for vaccine escape mutants. Strain redistribution may have occurred during the past decades. Continuous monitoring of circulating mumps virus populations is needed.
Intramuscular Injection of an Adenoviral Vector Expressing Hepatocyte Growth Factor Facilitates Hepatic Transduction with a Retroviral Vector in Mice (1999)

Retroviral vectors can result in therapeutic and stable levels of expression of proteins from the liver. However, most retroviral vectors transduce only dividing cells, and hepatocytes are normally quiescent. The goal of this study was to determine if an adenoviral vector could transiently express hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in order to induce hepatocyte replication and facilitate retroviral vector transduction of the liver. Intramuscular injection of an adenoviral vector that expressed human HGF from the cytomegalovirus promoter (Ad.CMV.HGF) resulted in moderate levels of HGF in blood and liver, and replication of 3 to 12% of hepatocytes. No cytopathic effect was observed in the liver, and a control adenoviral vector induced no or lower levels of replication. When a retroviral vector expressing beta-galactosidase cDNA was injected into a peripheral vein during the peak period of hepatocyte replication induced by intramuscularly administered Ad.CMV.HGF, 8% of hepatocytes were transduced. We conclude that intramuscular injection of Ad.CMV.HGF is a safe and effective way to induce transient systemic expression of HGF and hepatocyte replication, and to facilitate transduction of hepatocytes with a retroviral vector.
Elevated Expression of A3 Adenosine Receptors in Human Colorectal Cancer Is Reflected in Peripheral Blood Cells (2004)

This study provides the first evidence that A(3) receptor plays a role in colon tumorigenesis and, more importantly, can potentially be used as a diagnostic marker or a therapeutic target for colon cancer.
A parallel network for visual cognition (1992)

The authors describe a parallel dynamical system designed to integrate model-based and data-driven approaches to image recognition in a neural network, and study one component of the system in detail. That component is the translation-invariant network of probabilistic cellular automata (PCA), which combines feature-detector outputs and collectively performs enhancement and recognition functions. Recognition is a novel application of the PCA. Given a model of the target object, conditions on the PCA weights are obtained which must be satisfied for object enhancement and noise rejection to occur, and engineered weights are constructed. For further refinement of the weights, a training algorithm derived from optimal control theory is proposed. System operation is illustrated with examples derived from visual, infrared, and laser-radar imagery.
Long-Range Ordered Thin Films of Block Copolymers Prepared by Zone-Casting and Their Thermal Conversion into Ordered Nanostructured Carbon (2005)

Large-scale alignment of lamellae in thin films of diblock copolymers containing polyacrylonitrile and poly(n-butyl acrylate) was achieved by casting copolymer solution on a silicon substrate moved away at a constant speed from the casting nozzle (zone-casting). Grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that the lamellae, which were perpendicular to the substrate, were also aligned over macroscopic scale in the direction perpendicular to the casting direction. Such long-range ordered block copolymer films were then converted by pyrolysis into nanostructured carbons, with excellent preservation of lamellar morphology and orientation.
Potent and systematic RNAi mediated silencing with single oligonucleotide compounds (2011)

RNA interference (RNAi) has been established as an important tool for functional genomics studies and has great promise as a therapeutic intervention for human diseases. In mammalian cells, RNAi is conventionally induced by 19-27-bp RNA duplexes generated by hybridization of two complementary oligonucleotide strands (oligos). Here we describe a novel class of RNAi molecules composed of a single 25-28-nucleotide (nt) oligo. The oligo has a 16-nt mRNA targeting region, followed by an additional 8-10 nt to enable self-dimerization into a partially complementary duplex. Analysis of numerous diverse structures demonstrates that molecules composed of two short helices separated by a loop can efficiently enter and activate the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). This finding enables the design of highly effective single-oligo compounds for any mRNA target.
Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Polymers (1993)

A synthetic pathway is described to construct "in bulk" two-dimensional (2D) polymers shaped as molecular sheets. A chiral oligomeric precursor is used that contains two reactive sites, a polymerizable group at one terminus and a reactive stereogenic center near the middle of the molecule. The bulk reaction yields bilayer 2D polymers of molecular weight in the order of millions and a monodisperse thickness of 50.2 angstroms. The 2D molecular objects form through molecular recognition by the oligomers, which self-organize into layers that place the reactive groups within specific planes. The oligomers become catenated by two different stitching reactions involving the reactive sites. At room temperature, stacks of these molecular objects can organize as single crystals and at higher temperatures melt into smectic liquid crystals. Nonlinear optical experiments reveal that solid films containing the 2D polymers form structures that are thermally and temporally more stable than those containing analogous 1D polymers. This observation suggests that the transformation of common polymers from a 1D to a 2D architecture may produce generations of organic materials with improved properties.
Direct association of a promoter polymorphism in the CD36/FAT fatty acid transporter gene with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance (2006)

This is the first study to show a direct association of a CD36 snp with T2DM. Moreover, within the diabetic subjects, this CD36 snp was associated with insulin resistance (HOMA index).