gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soluble insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose 6-P receptor inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes (1996)

Insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose 6-P (IGF- II/M6P) receptor is released from cultured cells and tissues in a soluble form that retains its affinity for IGF-II. To test the possibility that soluble receptor can therefore modulate the activity of IGF-II, we determined the effect of purified soluble receptor on DNA synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) (5 ng/ml) and IGF-II (200 ng/ml). Thymidine incorporation in hepatocytes in the presence of EGF and IGF-II was inhibited by soluble receptor (50% inhibition at 212 +/- 45 ng/ml). However, thymidine incorporation in the presence of EGF alone was also inhibited with similar potency. This inhibitory effect was removed by immunodepletion of receptor from the purified preparation, demonstrating the absence of nonspecific cytotoxic effects of the preparation. Although soluble receptor blocked IGF-II binding to hepatocytes, inhibition of EGF-stimulated DNA synthesis was not due to inhibition of EGF binding or uptake by the cell. These results suggest that soluble IGF-II/M6P receptor not only plays a role in modulating the action of IGF-II but may also have IGF-independent actions on cells, possibly by modulating M6P protein action.
Phase retrieval with transverse translation diversity: a nonlinear optimization approach (2008)

We develop and test a nonlinear optimization algorithm for solving the problem of phase retrieval with transverse translation diversity, where the diverse far-field intensity measurements are taken after translating the object relative to a known illumination pattern. Analytical expressions for the gradient of a squared-error metric with respect to the object, illumination and translations allow joint optimization of the object and system parameters. This approach achieves superior reconstructions, with respect to a previously reported technique [H. M. L. Faulkner and J. M. Rodenburg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 023903 (2004)], when the system parameters are inaccurately known or in the presence of noise. Applicability of this method for samples that are smaller than the illumination pattern is explored.
Penetration enhancement in mouse skin and lipolysis in adipocytes by TAT-GKH, a new cosmetic ingredient. (2004)

Since the basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) transactivator of transcription (TAT) protein was reported to possess the ability to traverse biological membranes efficiently, various therapeutic proteins have been attached to TAT for the purpose of therapy. In this study, the tripeptide GKH (glycine-lysine-histidine) derived from parathyroid hormone (PTH), known as lipolytic peptide, was attached to 9-poly lysine (TAT) to be used as a cosmetic ingredient in slimming products. TAT-GKH at 10(-5) M induced approximately 37.6% and 41.5% maximal lipolytic effects in cultured 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes and in epididymal adipocytes isolated from rats, respectively, compared with basal lipolysis. The lipolytic effect of GKH was not changed by TAT-GKH fusion. In cytotoxicity tests, there was no cytotoxicity in any dose concentration of TAT-GKH. We confirmed that TAT-GKH induced lipolytic activity by GKH without cytotoxicity and with the possibility of its use as a safe cosmetic ingredient. TAT-GKH elevated penetration into excised hairless mice skin 36 times more efficiently than GKH. TAT-GKH can be used as a cosmetic ingredient in slimming products, with both penetration enhancement and lipolytic effect without cytotoxicity.
Animal spongiform encephalopathies ‐ an update (1994)

An update on animal spongiform encephalopathies other than BSE was presented in part I of this article. Part II of this article focuses on bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). The article describes clinical signs, histological and other changes leading to a diagnosis, the differential diagnosis, and the prospects for pre-clinical diagnosis of this disease. It describes the origin and course of the epidemic in the UK and discusses the question why it is only the UK which has witnessed such a large-scale epidemic. Predicted to arrive much earlier, the epidemic now finally seems to have passed its peak. The article goes on to discuss the chance of the disease occurring in a country like the Netherlands and the measures taken to prevent and control the disease, should it occur. The article concludes with a discussion of what has been found with regard to genetic factors, the results of experimental and unintentional artificial transmission of BSE to various species, and possible implications for human health.
Study on the mechanism and effects of Gly-Tyr-NH2 and Gly-Tyr-Lys on rat luteal cells in vitro. (1994)

The action of Gly-Tyr-NH2, (GY-NH2) and Gly-Tyr-LYS(GYK) on 125I-LH binding, cAMP accumulation and progesterone production was investigated. Incubation of rat luteal cells for 2.5 h with GY-NH2 and GYK at dosage of 0.2 mmol/L caused a significant inhibition of basal and gonadotropin-stimulated steroidogenesis. GY-NH2 and GYK were also found to reduce cAMP formation in response to hCG. The activity of adenylate cyclase of luteal cells was inhibited by 0.2 mmol/LGY-NH2 and GYK. GY-NH2 and GYK at a concentration of 0.2 mmol/L were not found to have an inhibitory effect on 8Br-cAMP-stimulated progesterone production. GY-NH2 and GYK did not affect 125I-LH binding to LH receptors on the luteal cell surface. These results suggest that GY-NH2 and GYK inhibit steroidogenesis at the step of gonadotropin-stimulated cAMP formation in luteal cells. Adenylate cyclase in luteal cells was also inhibited.
Glycosylation with Disarmed Glycosyl Bromides Promoted by Iodonium Ions (2016)

Iodonium ions have been developed for activating glycosyl bromides in the coupling to glycosyl acceptors. The iodonium ions are generated from N ‐iodosuccinimide and a protic acid such as camphorsulfonic acid or triflic acid, where the latter gives the most reactive promoter system. The couplings occur with the release of iodine monobromide, and the best results are obtained with benzoylated glycosyl donors and acceptors. In this way, disarmed glycosyl bromides can serve as glycosyl donors without the use of heavy‐metal salts.
DETECTION OF ALLOGRAFT ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF RECIPIENT ORIGIN FOLLOWING ABO-COMPATIBLE, NONIDENTICAL CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION (1991)

Endothelial cells serve an important role in augmenting immune responses through enhanced expression of MHC class II antigens. Immune-mediated vascular injury associated with rejection requires reendothelialization to restore vascular integrity. The origin of the reparative endothelial cells can be determined when ABO antigens expressed on these cells differ in the donor and recipient. To assess the frequency and significance of reendothelialization by recipient endothelial cells, we stained serial endomyocardial biopsies for ABO antigens in 34 (13%) compatible, nonidentical cardiac allograft recipients of 268 cardiac transplant procedures. In ten (30%) the allograft endothelial cells expressed the characteristics of the recipient (five partial and five complete) within 7.5 +/- 1.0 months (mean +/- SEM) after transplantation. Over 26.3 +/- 2.5 months follow-up no differences could be detected in pretransplant characteristics, allograft survival, survivor rejection morbidity, long-term allograft function, and presence of coronary vasculopathy between those whose endothelial cells expressed recipient blood group antigens and those who did not, which may merely be a reflection of the small sample size. This study indicates that recipient reendothelialization occurs frequently following cardiac transplantation and may result from immune-mediated vascular injury. The effect of recipient reendothelialization on allograft tolerance requires further investigation.
Azidothymidine (1988)

Note from Dr. Merle A. Sande - The story of azidothymidine is truly a remarkable one. The drug, developed in the 1960s, was rescued from the back shelf because of its potential anti-reverse transcriptase activity. It was found to be active against human immunodeficiency virus; quickly passed phase I, II, and III trials; and received FDA approval for use in patients with severe AIDS-related complex and AIDS. The drug does work, and although it is unlikely to cure human immunodeficiency virus infection, it clearly prolongs life. Therefore, all infectious disease clinicians should be familiar with its use. Dr. Martin Hirsch has been one of our most influential and productive leaders in the search for an agent that can be used to treat human immunodeficiency virus infection. In this commentary, he gives his recommendations on how and when to use this drug, describes the response that can be expected, and predicts what antiviral chemotherapy for AIDS might be available in the future.
Nude Detection in Video Using Bag-of-Visual-Features (2009)

The ability to filter improper content from multimedia sources based on visual content has important applications, since text-based filters are clearly insufficient against erroneous and/or malicious associations between text and actual content. In this paper, we investigate a method for detection of nudity in videos based on a bag-of-visual-features representation for frames and an associated voting scheme.Bag-of-Visual-Features (BoVF) approaches have been successfully applied to object recognition and scene classification, showing robustness to occlusion and also to the several kinds of variations that normally curse object detection methods. To the best of our knowledge, only two proposals in the literature use BoVF for nude detection in still images, and no other attempt has been made at applying BoVF for videos. Nevertheless, the results of our experiments show that this approach is indeed able to provide good recognition rates for nudity even at the frame level and with a relatively low sampling ratio. Also, the proposed voting scheme significantly enhances the recognition rates for video segments, achieving, in the best case, a value of 93.2% of correct classification, using a sampling ratio of 1/15 frames. Finally, a visual analysis of some particular cases indicates possible sources of misclassifications.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Evaluation and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis (2008)

Atopic dermatitis is a common, complex disease that frequently follows a chronic, relapsing course. The disease can impact the quality of life (QOL) of patients and families to a significant degree. Patients and caregivers may focus on unproven triggers at the expense of proper skin care. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to comprehensively evaluate triggers and response to treatment, address confounding factors including sleep disruption, and educate patients and caregivers.
Automatic lumen and outer wall segmentation of the carotid artery using deformable three‐dimensional models in MR angiography and vessel wall images (2011)

This new automated method can reduce analysis time and enhance reproducibility of the quantification of vessel wall dimensions in clinical studies.
Evaluation of Novel Broad-Range Real-Time PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Human Pathogenic Fungi in Various Clinical Specimens (2008)

In the present study, a novel broad-range real-time PCR was developed for the rapid detection of human pathogenic fungi. The assay targets a part of the 28S large-subunit ribosomal RNA (rDNA) gene. We investigated its application for the most important human pathogenic fungal genera, including Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Mucor, Penicillium, Pichia, Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Scopulariopsis. Species were identified in PCR-positive reactions by direct DNA sequencing. A noncompetitive internal control was applied to prevent false-negative results due to PCR inhibition. The minimum detection limit for the PCR was determined to be one 28S rDNA copy per PCR, and the 95% detection limit was calculated to 15 copies per PCR. To assess the clinical applicability of the PCR method, intensive-care patients with artificial respiration and patients with infective endocarditis were investigated. For this purpose, 76 tracheal secretion samples and 70 heart valve tissues were analyzed in parallel by real-time PCR and cultivation. No discrepancies in results were observed between PCR analysis and cultivation methods. Furthermore, the application of the PCR method was investigated for other clinical specimens, including cervical swabs, nail and horny skin scrapings, and serum, blood, and urine samples. The combination of a broad-range real-time PCR and direct sequencing facilitates rapid screening for fungal infection in various clinical specimens.
Challenging fabrication of hollow ceramic fiber supported Cu3(BTC)2 membrane for hydrogen separation (2012)

High-performance and continuous Cu3(BTC)2 membranes have been successfully fabricated using a secondary growth approach on pre-seeded α-Al2O3 hollow ceramic fibers (HCFs) modified with chitosan. Facile synthesis of Cu3(BTC)2 nanocrystals can be achieved by a modified solvothermal protocol. A stable and homogeneous Cu3(BTC)2 seed precusor obtained with particle size of 300 nm, the size of which is suitable for seeding HCFs without any pore jam of HCFs supports (pore size of 200 nm for HCFs). A new substrate HCFs was introduced as the support of Cu3(BTC)2 membranes. Moreover, for the first time, chitosan is used to improve the binding force between seeds and the support owing to its abundance of both amino and hydroxyl groups. As-prepared Cu3(BTC)2 membrane is studied for hydrogen separation by binary gas permeation of H2/N2, H2/CO2 and H2/CH4. The synthesized membrane shows high H2 selectivity with separation factors of 8.66, 13.56 and 6.19 for the gas mixtures of H2/N2, H2/CO2 and H2/CH4 respectively. A preferred permeance for H2 in the binary gas mixture is obtained in the range of 3.23 × 10−8 to 4.1 × 10−8 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 due to the unique properties of the Cu3(BTC)2 MOF material, which is expected in the potential applications of industrial hydrogen recycling.
Interaction of human papillomavirus type 16 and adeno-associated virus type 2 co-infecting human cervical epithelium. (1997)

Recently, we hypothesized that the tumour-suppressive, human helper-virus-dependent, adeno-associated parvoviruses (AAV) may interfere with transforming functions of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the development of cervical carcinoma. Here, we demonstrate that in cervical epithelium containing papillomavirus DNA, AAV DNA can be detected in a replication-competent form and that AAV proteins are expressed. In cultured cells containing integrated AAV-2 DNA, transfection of HPV-16 DNA induced rescue of infectious AAV-2, revealing helper functions of HPV-16. Similarly, cotransfection of HPV-16 and AAV-2 DNAs into human epithelial cell lines led to replication of AAV-2, and, in keratinocytes, to a cytopathic effect. These data suggest an interaction of the two viruses, possibly influencing the development of HPV-related lesions.
Role of Progesterone in Endometrial Cancer (2010)

Progesterone is a key hormone in the endometrium that opposes estrogen-driven growth. Insufficient progesterone will result in unopposed estrogen action that could lead to the development of endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. Although these endometrial neoplasias can regress in response to progestin treatment, this does not occur in all instances. To understand this resistance to progesterone and to improve on existing hormonal therapies, it is imperative that the molecular mechanisms of progesterone action through its receptor be deciphered in endometrial cancer. This review highlights what is known thus far regarding the efficacy of progestin therapy in the clinic and the role of progesterone in endometrial cancer cell behavior and gene regulation.
[Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. (2007)

To observe the therapeutic effect and safety of rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) in the treatment of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). One AIHA patient refractory to corticosteroid and splenectomy was treated with rituximab, 375 mg/m(2) weekly for four times. Her hemolytic symptoms, adverse effects, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and other laboratory data were monitored. The results showed that concentration of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) began to decrease at 11 days after the first dose of rituximab, and decreased to normal range after 45 days. Concentration of hemoglobin increased up to 95 - 100 g/L. The patient remained disease-free 4 months after treatment. No adverse effect was found during the process of treatment. It is concluded that anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) is both effective and safe for the treatment of refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
A xyloglucan-specific endo- -1,4-glucanase from Aspergillus aculeatus: expression cloning in yeast, purification and characterization of the recombinant enzyme (1999)

A full-length c-DNA encoding a xyloglucan-specific endo -beta-1, 4-glucanase (XEG) has been isolated from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus aculeatus by expression cloning in yeast. The colonies expressing functional XEG were identified on agar plates containing azurine-dyed cross-linked xyloglucan. The cDNA encoding XEG was isolated, sequenced, cloned into an Aspergillus expression vector, and transformed into Aspergillus oryzae for heterologous expression. The recombinant enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity by anion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography. The recombinant XEG has a molecular mass of 23,600, an isoelectric point of 3.4, and is optimally stable at a pH of 3.4 and temperature below 30 degreesC. The enzyme hydrolyzes structurally diverse xyloglucans from various sources, but hydrolyzes no other cell wall component and can therefore be considered a xyloglucan-specific endo -beta-1, 4-glucanohydrolase. XEG hydrolyzes its substrates with retention of the anomeric configuration. The Kmof the recombinant enzyme is 3.6 mg/ml, and its specific activity is 260 micromol/min per mg protein. The enzyme was tested for its ability to solubilize xyloglucan oligosaccharides from plant cell walls. It was shown that treatment of plant cell walls with XEG yields only xyloglucan oligosaccharides, indicating that this enzyme can be a powerful tool in the structural elucidation of xyloglucans.
From Single to Multiple Ag-Layer Modification of Au Nanocavity Substrates: A Tunable Probe of the Chemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Mechanism (2011)

We present experimental and computational results that enlighten the mechanisms underlying the chemical contribution to surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Gold void metallic arrays electrochemically covered either by a Ag monolayer or 10-100 Ag layers were modified with a self-assembled monolayer of 4-mercaptopyridine as a molecular Raman probe displaying a rich and unexpected Raman response. A resonant increase of the Raman intensity in the red part of the spectrum is observed that cannot be related to plasmon excitations of the cavity-array. Notably, we find an additional 10-20 time increase of the SERS amplification upon deposition of a single Ag layer on the Au substrate, which is, however, almost quenched upon deposition of 10 atomic layers. Further deposition of 100 atomic Ag layers results in a new increase of the SERS signal, consistent with the improved plasmonic efficiency of Ag bulk-like structures. The SERS response as a function of the Ag layer thickness is analyzed in terms of ab initio calculations and a microscopic model for the SERS chemical mechanism based on a resonant charge transfer process between the molecular HOMO state and the Fermi level in the metal surface. We find that a rearrangement of the electronic charge density related to the presence of the Ag monolayer in the Au/Ag/molecule complex causes an increase in the distance between the HOMO center of charge and the metallic image plane that is responsible for the variation of Raman enhancement between the studied substrates. Our results provide a general platform for studying the chemical contribution to SERS, and for enhancing the Raman efficiency of tailored Au-SERS templates through electrochemical modification with Ag films.
Agarose infiltration improves morphology of cryostat sections of lung. (1994)

This procedure can improve special fixation and embedding protocols for lung immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence.
Repeating structure of chick tropoelastin revealed by complementary DNA cloning (1987)

A cDNA library was constructed from chick aorta poly(adenylic acid)-containing RNA in the expression vector pEX1. Several clones were identified by screening the library with a polyclonal antiserum raised against chick tropoelastin and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence, corresponding to the mature tropoelastin and most of the signal peptide, revealed that the molecule is composed of at least 8, and possibly 13, repeating units. The common features of each unit include an N-terminal region composed largely of alanines and lysines and ending with an aromatic amino acid, followed by a GAG span and then a C-terminal region consisting mostly of valines, prolines, and glycines often present in several copies of the sequence (VPGV). This structure is discussed in terms of the functional properties of the molecule.
Aptamers and Their Applications in Nanomedicine (2015)

Aptamers are composed of short RNA or single-stranded DNA sequences that, when folded into their unique 3D conformation, can bind to their targets with high specificity and affinity. Although functionally similar to protein antibodies, oligonucleotide aptamers offer several advantages over protein antibodies in biomedical and clinical applications. Through the enhanced permeability and retention effect, nanomedicines can improve the therapeutic index of a treatment and reduce side effects by enhancing accumulation at the disease site. However, this targets tumors passively and, thus, may not be ideal for targeted therapy. To construct ligand-directed "active targeting" nanobased delivery systems, aptamer-equipped nanomedicines have been tested for in vitro diagnosis, in vivo imaging, targeted cancer therapy, theranostic approaches, sub-cellular molecule detection, food safety, and environmental monitoring. This review focuses on the development of aptamer-conjugated nanomedicines and their application for in vivo imaging, targeted therapy, and theranostics.
Switching technologies for future guided wave optical networks: potentials and limitations of photonics and electronics (1996)

The continued rapid progress in the deployment of fiber optics communications has led to widespread interest in employing photonics to implement switching functions, hitherto reserved for electronics. Significant research effort has been devoted to this, and different specialized concepts have been suggested and partly demonstrated, albeit not in the field. At the same time, mainstream research and development in the area of telecommunications switching is solidly based on electronics. In this article we first give a short introduction to photonic switching. We then discuss generic switching functions in telecommunications networks with a view of the possible role of photonics, and discuss the implementation of the switching functions from a photonics and electronics point of view. We then apply this reasoning to look at scaling and transparency of all-optical networks based on our current research.