gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary myristic, palmitic, and linoleic acids modulate cholesterolemia in gerbils (1994)

Previous studies with cebus monkeys and review of published human data indicated that 85% to 90% of the variation in plasma cholesterol (TC) could be explained on the basis of dietary myristic (14:0) and linoleic (18:2) acid intake in the absence of cholesterol, and that 16:0 contributed to cholesterolemia as dietary cholesterol was increased. Because monkeys are a limited resource, a more convenient, sensitive model was sought for investigating these dietary fatty acid and plasma lipid relationships. Accordingly, this report describes the results of multiple regression analysis of the TC response to dietary fatty acids based on 319 young, male Mongolian gerbils fed a total of 59 purified diets supplying about 40% energy as fat from single or blended fat sources. Gerbils (6-16 animals per dietary group) were fed purified diets (21 with 0.01 to 0.08% cholesterol and 38 cholesterol-free) for 4-week periods. When cholesterol-free diets were fed, dietary 14:0 and 18:2 together accounted for 89% of the observed variation in TC. Although 14:0 consumption increased TC in a linear manner, the independent ability of 18:2 to lower cholesterol was nonlinear and exhibited a threshold effect at 5-6% dietary energy, above which further lowering of TC was less remarkable. In gerbils consuming cholesterol-supplemented diets, 87% of the observed variation in TC could be accounted for by a regression equation that included 14:0, palmitic acid (16:0), and a log function of 18:2 plus dietary cholesterol itself. These results demonstrate the applicability of gerbils for such studies and confirm previous observations in monkeys and humans that dietary 14:0 and 18:2 are the main fatty acids modulating plasma cholesterol under normocholesterolemic circumstances (i.e., when consuming low-cholesterol diets and lipoprotein metabolism is normal) whereas 16:0 also appears modestly hypercholesterolemic when LDL receptors are compromised (i.e., when dietary cholesterol or certain metabolic factors have encumbered lipoprotein metabolism).
The swelling of montmorillonite (1954)

K. Norrish, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1954, 18, 120 DOI: 10.1039/DF9541800120
Biochemical and physiological effects of benzheterocycles and related compounds (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiochemical and physiological effects of benzheterocycles and related compoundsHee Jae Lee, Mary V. Duke, Jeffrey H. Birk, Masako Yamamoto, and Stephen O. DukeCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 10, 2722–2727Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00058a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (735 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The Chemistry of the Tetrazoles. (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of the Tetrazoles.Frederic R. BensonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1947, 41, 1, 1–61Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60128a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60128a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3638Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Embryonic neuronal markers in tuberous sclerosis: Single-cell molecular pathology (1996)

One hallmark of tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is the presence of highly epileptogenic dysplastic cerebral cortex (tubers) composed of abnormally shaped neurons and giant cells. Mutation of the TSC gene (TSC2) may disrupt differentiation and maturation of neuronal precursors, since the TSC2 gene product tuberin is believed to regulate cellular proliferation. To test the hypothesis that cells in tubers may retain the molecular phenotype of embryonic or immature neurons, tubers from five TSC patients were probed with antibodies to proteins expressed in neuronal precursors (nestin, Ki-67, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen). Many dysmorphic neurons and giant cells in tubers were stained by these antibodies, while neurons in adjacent normal and control cortex were not labeled. To further characterize the molecular phenotype of cells in tubers, we developed a methodology in which poly(A)+ mRNA was amplified from immunohistochemically labeled single cells in paraffin-embedded brain specimens. This approach enabled us to detect mRNAs encoding nestin, and other cytoskeletal elements, cell cycle markers, and synthetic enzymes present in individual nestin-stained cells by means of reverse Northern blotting. We conclude that the presence of immature phenotypic markers (mRNAs and proteins) within tubers suggests disruption of cell cycle regulation and neuronal maturation in TSC during cortical development. Characterization of multiple mRNAs within fixed, immunohistochemically labeled cells provides a powerful tool for studying gene expression and the molecular pathophysiology of many neurologic diseases.
In Vivo Association Between Alcohol Intoxication, Aggression, and Serotonin Transporter Availability in Nonhuman Primates (1998)

In adult nonhuman primates who underwent early developmental stress, variables indicating a low serotonin turnover rate were associated with behavior patterns similar to those predisposing to early-onset alcoholism among humans.
Intrapulmonary Administration of CCL21 Gene-Modified Dendritic Cells Reduces Tumor Burden in Spontaneous Murine Bronchoalveolar Cell Carcinoma (2006)

The antitumor efficiency of dendritic cells transduced with an adenovirus vector expressing secondary lymphoid chemokine (CCL21) was evaluated in a murine model of spontaneous bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma. The transgenic mice (CC-10 TAg) express the SV40 large T antigen (TAg) under the Clara cell promoter, develop bilateral, multifocal, and pulmonary adenocarcinomas, and die at 4 months as a result of progressive pulmonary tumor burden. A single intratracheal administration of CCL21 gene-modified dendritic cells (DC-AdCCL21) led to a marked reduction in tumor burden with extensive mononuclear cell infiltration of the tumors. The reduction in tumor burden was accompanied by the enhanced elaboration of type 1 cytokines [IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL)-12, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor] and antiangiogenic chemokines (CXCL9 and CXCL10) but a concomitant decrease in the immunosuppressive molecules (IL-10, transforming growth factor-beta, prostaglandin E(2)) in the tumor microenvironment. The DC-AdCCL21 therapy group revealed a significantly greater frequency of tumor-specific T cells releasing IFN-gamma compared with the controls. Continuous therapy with weekly intranasal delivery of DC-AdCCL21 significantly prolonged median survival by >7 weeks in CC-10 TAg mice. Both innate natural killer and specific T-cell antitumor responses significantly increased following DC-AdCCL21 therapy. Significant reduction in tumor burden in a model in which tumors develop in an organ-specific manner provides a strong rationale for further evaluation of intrapulmonary-administered DC-AdCCL21 in regulation of tumor immunity and genetic immunotherapy for lung cancer.
High-performance inductors integrated on porous silicon (2005)

To study the substrate effect on inductor performance, several types of spiral inductors were fabricated on porous silicon (PS), p/sup -/ and p/sup +/ silicon substrate. /spl pi/-network analysis results show that the use of PS effectively reduces the shunt conductance and capacitance. The analysis further shows that the use of PS significantly reduces the eddy current portion of series resistance of inductor, leading to slower increase of the apparent series resistance with increasing frequency. Higher Q-factor and resonant frequency (f/sub r/) result from the reduced shunt conductance, shunt capacitance, and frequency dependence of series resistance. Inductors fabricated on PS regions are subjected to a much less stringent set of constraints than those on bulk Si substrate, allowing for much higher inductance to be achieved without severe sacrifice in Q-factor and f/sub r/. Similarly, much higher Q-factor can be obtained for reasonable inductance and f/sub r/.
Synthesis and Activities of Pyoverdin−Quinolone Adducts: A Prospective Approach to a Specific Therapy Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2001)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is particularly resistant to most all the antibiotics presently available, essentially because of the very low permeability of its outer membrane. To overcome this, we synthesized four siderophore-based antibiotics formed by two quinolones - norfloxacin and benzonaphthyridone - bound to the pyoverdin of P. aeruginosa ATCC 15692 via two types of spacer arms: one stable and the other readily hydrolyzable. From the comparison of their antibacterial properties with those of the two unbound quinolones, we reached the following conclusions: (a) The adducts inhibit Escherichia coli's gyrase showing that the dissociation of the compounds is not necessary for their activity. However, the presence of the pyoverdin moiety on the molecule decreases the inhibition activity compared to the antibiotic alone. (b) They facilitate the uptake of (55)Fe using the specific pyoverdin-mediated iron-transport system of the bacterium. No uptake was observed either with P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, which produces a structurally different pyoverdin, or with P. aeruginosa K690, which is a mutant of P. aeruginosa ATCC 15692 lacking FpvA, the outer-membrane pyoverdin receptor. (c) MIC determinations have shown that only strains P. aeruginosa ATCC 15692 and the derived outer-membrane receptor-producing but pyoverdin-deficient P. aeruginosa IA1 mutant present higher susceptibility to the pyoverdin-quinolone adducts, whereas P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and K690 are much more resistant. (d) Growth inhibition by these adducts confirmed these results and showed that the adducts with the hydrolyzable spacer arm have better activity than those with the stable one and that the labile spacer arm adducts present much higher activity than the quinolones alone. These results show clearly that the penetration of the antibiotic into the cells is favored when this latter is coupled with pyoverdin: Only the strains possessing the appropriate outer-membrane receptor present higher susceptibility to the adduct. In this case the antibiotic uses the pyoverdin-mediated iron-transport system. Furthermore, better efficiency is obtained when the spacer arm is labile and favors the antibiotic release inside the cell, allowing better inhibition of gyrase.
Using the Memory Channel Network (1997)

Digital has announced and shipped this first-generation, high-performance network for clusters, the Memory Channel for PCI network, and all SMP AlphaServers running Digital Unix support it. Digital has publicly demonstrated Memory Channel-connected systems running Windows/NT. The Memory Channel network does not require functionality beyond the PCI bus specification and works with any system having a PCI I/O slot. Production Memory Channel clusters can be as large as eight nodes (limited only by first-generation hardware) of 12 processors each (96 processors). One such cluster installed at Supercomputing 95 ran clusterwide applications using High Performance Fortran, PVM, and MPI. A four-node, 48 processor Memory Channel cluster, using Oracle Parallel Server, has held the record for TPC-C benchmarks since its introduction in April 1996. The same Memory Channel network used to connect this high-end database configuration also cost-effectively supports configuration of two-node, single-processor clusters. Latency over Memory Channel for a one-way, user-process-to-user-process message is 2.9 microseconds. The processor overhead is less than 150 ns for a 32-byte message. Standard message-passing APIs benefit greatly from this underlying capability.
Isolation and culture of primary bovine embryonic stem cell colonies by a novel method (2009)

Authentic bovine embryonic stem (ES) cell lines have not been established despite progress made for more than two decades. Isolation and culture of primary ES cell colonies are the first critical step towards establishment of stable ES cell lines. Here we report a novel method designated as "Separate and Seed" that contributes remarkably to efficient derivation of bovine primary ES-like cell colonies from blastocysts. These primary cultured bovine ES-like cells exhibit morphology typical of ES cells and express pluripotent molecular markers including Oct4, Nanog and alkaline phosphatase. Interestingly, bovine primary ES-like cell colonies distinctively express both stage-specific embryonic antigens 1 and 4 (SSEA1 and SSEA4), unlike mouse and human ES cells. These pluripotent markers may be used for characterization of authentic bovine ES cell lines in later studies. In contrast, whole embryos or inner cell mass (ICM) used for primary culture by conventional methods fails to produce primary bovine ES cell colonies that express all pluripotent stem cell markers shown above. Furthermore, bFGF improves growth and maintained undifferentiated state of bovine ES-like cells for several passages, whereas LIF and ERK inhibitor PD98059 known to promote pluripotency of mouse ES cells are unable to sustain bovine ES-like cells. Although continued efforts are required for improving long-term culture of bovine ES cells, this novel "Separate and Seed" method provides an initial effective step that may eventually lead to derivation of authentic bovine ES cell lines.
Identification of the purC gene product of Escherichia coli (1984)

The purC region of the Escherichia coli chromosome was isolated from in vivo-derived lambda transducing bacteriophages and cloned in high-copy-number plasmids. The product of the purC gene, phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthetase, was identified as a protein with an Mr of ca. 27,000. The level of the protein is increased by more than 60-fold in strains carrying the gene on a high-copy-number plasmid. Purine addition represses the enzyme level in both plasmid- and non-plasmid-containing strains.
Wasserstein regularization of imaging problem (2011)

This paper introduces a novel and generic framework embedding statistical constraints for variational problems. We resort to the theory of Monge-Kantorovich optimal mass transport to define penalty terms depending on statistics from images. To cope with the computation time issue of the corresponding Wasserstein distances involved in this approach, we propose an approximate variational formulation for statistics represented as point clouds. We illustrate this framework on the problem of regularized color specification. This is achieved by combining the proposed approximate Wasserstein constraint on color statistics with a generic geometric-based regularization term in a unified variational minimization problem. We believe that this methodology may lead to some other interesting applications in image processing, such as medical imaging modification, texture synthesis, etc.
Active-Clamp Snubbers for Isolated Half-Bridge DC–DC Converters (2005)

In conventional isolated half-bridge dc-dc converters, the leakage-inductance-related losses degrade converter efficiency and limit the ability to increase the converters' switching frequencies. In this paper, a novel active-clamp snubber circuit for half-bridge dc-dc converters is proposed to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductance by transferring this energy to a capacitor with zero-voltage zero-current-switching switched auxiliary switches, such that body-diode conduction of primary-side main switches are prevented and primary side ringing are attenuated resulting in improved converter efficiency. Principles of operation and simulation analysis are presented and supported by experimental results that show significant improvement in efficiency.
FRACTAL IMAGE COMPRESSION (1994)

This paper begins by presenting a simple explanation of the main ideas in fractal image compression. It then presents a brief discussion of the current state of the art along with some results comparing fractal encoding, JPEG, and a wavelet scheme. The conclusion contains references to many of the latest theoretical and implementation results.
The regulation of adult rodent hippocampal neurogenesis by deep brain stimulation (2008)

High-frequency stimulation of the AN increases the hippocampal neurogenesis and restores experimentally suppressed neurogenesis. Interventions that increase hippocampal neurogenesis have been associated with enhanced behavioral performance. In this context, it may be possible to use electrical stimulation to treat conditions associated with impairment of hippocampal function.
Turn-On and Ratiometric Mercury Sensing in Water with a Red-Emitting Probe (2007)

The synthesis, photophysical properties, and Hg(II) binding of a red-emitting sensor for mercuric ion are presented. 2-[11-[(2-[[Bis-(2-ethylsulfanylethyl)amino]methyl]phenylamino)methyl]-3-hydroxy-10-oxo-10H-benzo[c]xanthen-7-yl]benzoic acid (MS5) is based on the seminaphthofluorescein chromophore and employs a thioether-rich metal-binding unit. This sensor affords both turn-on and single-excitation dual-emission ratiometric Hg(II) detection in aqueous solution. The fluorescence response of MS5 is Hg(II)-specific, and the probe is selective for Hg(II) over alkali and alkaline earth metals, most divalent first-row transition metal ions, and the Group 12 congeners Zn(II) and Cd(II). MS5 binds Hg(II) reversibly and can be recycled. The EC50 for 1 microM MS5 is 910 nM, and a lower detection limit of 50 nM is obtained when employing 500 nM probe. X-ray crystallographic studies using a salicylaldehyde-based model of MS5 are also presented. 2-[(2-[[Bis-(2-ethylsulfanylethyl)amine]methyl]phenylamine)methyl]phenol coordinates Hg(II) with two thioether sulfur atoms, two amino nitrogen atoms, and a phenol oxygen atom arranged in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Studies of natural water samples spiked with mercuric salts indicate that MS5 can rapidly detect Hg(II) in such complex solutions and demonstrate its potential utility in the field.
Genetic immunization with adeno-associated virus vectors expressing herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoproteins B and D (1997)

Intramuscular injection of mice with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector expressing herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein B led to the generation of both gB-specific major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes and anti-gB antibody. AAV-mediated immunization was more potent than plasmid DNA or protein in generating antibody responses.
High frequency ultrasound imaging of changes in cell structure including apoptosis (2003)

It has been previously shown that high frequency ultrasound (20-100 MHz) can be used to detect cellular structure changes in tissues and cell ensembles. Using spectral analysis methods to analyze radio-frequency data collected from in vitro and in vivo models, the changes seen during apoptotic cell death are very striking. Imaging changes in cell structure has implications in a broad range of fields, from cancer treatment monitoring to organ transplantation. However, the changes seen in the backscattered ultrasound intensity and frequency spectrum are not fully understood. In this paper we propose and explore a model for studying how the changes in the sizes, spatial distribution, and acoustic impedance of the scattering sources within the cells are related to the resulting backscattered ultrasound signal.
An algorithmic technique for diagnosis of faulty scan chains (2006)

This paper presents an algorithmic scan-chain-fault diagnosis procedure. The diagnosis for a single scan-chain fault is performed in three steps. The first step uses special chain test patterns to determine both the faulty chain and the fault type in the faulty chain. The second step uses a novel procedure to identify the suspect scan cell within a range of scan cells. The final step further improves the diagnostic resolution by ranking the suspect scan cells inside this range. The proposed technique handles both stuck-at and timing failures (transition faults and hold-time faults). The application of the procedure in a production test flow is discussed. Simulation and silicon results from several products show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A 100-m Range 10-Frame/s 340$\,\times\, $96-Pixel Time-of-Flight Depth Sensor in 0.18-$\mu\hbox{m}$ CMOS (2013)

This paper introduces a single-photon detection technique for time-of-flight distance ranging based on the temporal and spatial correlation of photons. A proof-of-concept prototype achieving depth imaging up to 100 meters with a resolution of 340 × 96 pixels at 10 frames/s was implemented. At the core of the system, a sensor chip comprising 32 macro-pixels based on an array of single-photon avalanche diodes featuring an optical fill factor of 70% was fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS. The chip also comprises an array of 32 circuits capable of generating precise triggers upon correlation events as well as of sampling the number of photons involved in each correlation event, and an array of 32 12-b time-to-digital converters. Characterization of the TDC array led to -0.52 LSB and 0.73 LSB of differential and integral nonlinearities, respectively. Quantitative evaluation of the TOF sensor under strong solar background light, i.e., 80 klux, revealed a repeatability error better than 10 cm throughout the distance range of 100 m, thus leading to a relative precision of 0.1%. In the same condition, the relative nonlinearity error was 0.37%. In order to show the suitability of our approach in a real-world situation, experimental results in which the depth sensor was operated in a typical traffic scenario are also reported.