gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Liquid Fuel Mixtures with the Use of Fourier Transform Near-IR Raman Spectroscopy (1989)

Near-infrared Fourier transform (near-IR FT) Raman spectroscopy was used to predict mass percentages of liquid fuel mixtures without the use of an internal standard. The 29 mixtures making up the calibration set were composed of varying mass percentages of unleaded gasoline, superunleaded gasoline, and diesel. Predictions were made with the use of classical least-squares with the pure components. Root mean square error (RMSE) values for all samples were 13.5, 13.8, and 5.2% (absolute error) for unleaded, superunleaded, and diesel, respectively. Using an estimate of the pure spectra determined by calibration gave RMSE values of 13.3% for unleaded, 12.2% for superunleaded, and 5.0% for diesel. A partial least-squares (PLS) model was able to partially compensate for matrix effects. Using different portions of the Raman spectra reduced the RMSE to 5.7% for unleaded, 5.2% for superunleaded, and 1.3% for diesel.
Inhibition of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin by indomethacin and chlorpromazine (1980)

Purified heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) from a procine strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli activates quanylate cyclase in particulate fractions of rat intestinal tissue and induces fluid accumulation in suckling mice. These effects of ST were examined in the presence of either indomethacin or chlorpromazine. We also examined the effects of these two drugs on fluid accumulation in suckling mice induced by the 8-bromo analog of cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Either indomethacin or chlorpromazine reduced ST activation of guanylate cyclase. Both drugs also reduced intestinal fluid accumulation in suckling mice that resulted from submaximal doses of ST (both P < 0.001). However, there was no reduction in fluid secretion by either drug when a maximally effective dose of ST was used, suggesting that inhibition of fluid secretion by both drugs can be overcome by increasing the ST dose and that a threshold level of guanylate cyclase activity results in maximal secretory response. Both drugs also reduced basal guanylate cylase activity in rat intestinal tissue and fluid secreton in suckling mice. Chlorpromazine also reduced intestinal secretion mediated by 8-bromo cyclic guanosine monophosphate (P < 0.001). These findings indicate that chlorpromazine interferes with the effects of ST both before and after its activation of guanylate cyclase, whereas indomethacin interfers with ST only before its activation of guanylate cyclase.
Targeted cancer drug delivery with aptamer-functionalized polymeric nanoparticles (2018)

Based on exceptional advantages of aptamers, increasing attention has been presented in the utilise of them as targeted ligands for cancer drug delivery. Recently, the progress of aptamer-targeted nanoparticles has presented new therapeutic systems for several types of cancer with decreased toxicity and improved efficacy. We highlight some of the promising formulations of aptamer-conjugated polymeric nanoparticles for specific targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. This review paper focuses on the current progresses in the use of the novel strategies to aptamer-targeted drug delivery for chemotherapy. An extensive literature review was performed using internet database, mainly PubMed based on MeSH keywords. The searches included full-text publications written in English without any limitation in date. The abstracts, reviews, books as well as studies without obvious relating of aptamers as targeted ligands for cancer drug delivery were excluded from the study. The reviewed literature revealed that aptamers with ability to modify and conjugate to various molecules can be used as targeted cancer therapy agents. However, development of aptamers unique to each individual's tumour to the development of personalised medicine seems to be needed.
DeepPose: Human Pose Estimation via Deep Neural Networks (2014)

We propose a method for human pose estimation based on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). The pose estimation is formulated as a DNN-based regression problem towards body joints. We present a cascade of such DNN regres- sors which results in high precision pose estimates. The approach has the advantage of reasoning about pose in a holistic fashion and has a simple but yet powerful formula- tion which capitalizes on recent advances in Deep Learn- ing. We present a detailed empirical analysis with state-of- art or better performance on four academic benchmarks of diverse real-world images.
Both Pbx1 and E2A-Pbx1 Bind the DNA Motif ATCAATCAA Cooperatively with the Products of Multiple Murine Hox Genes, Some of Which Are Themselves Oncogenes (1995)

E2A-PBX1 is the oncogene produced at the t(1;19) chromosomal breakpoint of pediatric pre-B-cell leukemia. Expression of E2A-Pbx1 induces fibroblast transformation and myeloid and T-cell leukemia in mice and arrests differentiation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent myeloblasts in cultured marrow. Recently, the Drosophila melanogaster protein Exd, which is highly related to Pbx1, was shown to bind DNA cooperatively with the Drosophila homeodomain proteins Ubx and Abd-A. Here, we demonstrate that the normal Pbx1 homeodomain protein, as well as its oncogenic derivative, E2A-Pbx1, binds the DNA sequence ATCAATCAA cooperatively with the murine Hox-A5, Hox-B7, Hox-B8, and Hox-C8 homeodomain proteins, which are themselves known oncoproteins, as well as with the Hox-D4 homeodomain protein. Cooperative binding to ATCAATCAA required the homeodomain-dependent DNA-binding activities of both Pbx1 and the Hox partner. In cotransfection assays, Hox-B8 suppressed transactivation by E2A-Pbx1. These results suggest that (i) Pbx1 may participate in the normal regulation of Hox target gene transcription in vivo and therein contribute to aspects of anterior-posterior patterning and structural development in vertebrates, (ii) that E2A-Pbx1 could abrogate normal differentiation by altering the transcriptional regulation of Hox target genes in conjunction with Hox proteins, and (iii) that the oncogenic mechanism of certain Hox proteins may require their physical interaction with Pbx1 as a cooperating, DNA-binding partner.
Object pointing: a complement to bitmap pointing in GUIs (2004)

Pointing has been conceptualized and implemented so far as the act of selecting pixels in bitmap displays. We show that the current technique, which we call bitmap pointing (BMP), is often sub-optimal as it requires continuous information from the mouse while the system often just needs the discrete specification of objects. The paper introduces object pointing (OP), a novel interaction technique based on a special screen cursor that skips empty spaces, thus drastically reducing the waste of input information. We report data from 1D and 2D Fitts ’ law experiments showing that OP outperforms BMP and that the performance facilitation increases with the task’s index of difficulty. We discuss the implementation of OP in current interfaces.
Hydantoine, Thiohydantoine, Glykocyamidine, III. Über die Orientierung bei der Monobenzylierung des 5.5‐Diphenyl‐glykocyamidins (1959)

Abstract 5.5‐Diphenyl‐glykocyamidin wird bei der Benzylierung in 3‐Stellung substituiert. 3‐Substituierte Glykocyamidine können durch Ammonolyse von 1‐Alkyl‐2‐alkylmercapto‐Δ 2 ‐imidazolinonen‐(5) in Gegenwart von Ammoniumsalzen dargestellt werden.
Missense Mutations of the Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Gene in Hypophosphatasia (1992)

Hypophosphatasia is an inborn error of metabolism that is characterized clinically by defective bone mineralization and biochemically by deficient activity of the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) in serum and in tissues. Clinical severity is extremely variable, ranging from death in utero to pathologic fractures first presenting in adulthood. Severe forms of the disease are inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion; the modes of transmission of mild forms are uncertain. Deficiency of TNSALP activity in this condition suggests that mutations in the TNSALP "candidate" gene are the primary defects. This hypothesis was supported in 1988 by the demonstration, in one inbred infant, that an identical missense mutation in both alleles of the gene encoding TNSALP caused lethal hypophosphatasia. Here we summarize the work leading to that discovery and discuss the recent identification of additional missense mutations in the TNSALP gene associated with the entire clinical spectrum of hypophosphatasia.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing: a multi-carrier modulation scheme (1995)

This paper presents a multi-carrier digital modulation technique-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. A review of the technique and its development and implementation are provided. The advantages and disadvantages in comparison to other modulation techniques are also discussed. The ideas of using a guard interval to accommodate long delay ghosts and of creating spectrum notches to combat co-channel interferences, as well as of assigning different order of modulations or power levels to different sub-carriers for layered services are discussed. The effects of phase noise and the peak-to-average power ratio of the OFDM signal are also analysed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CMOS Photonics for High-Speed Interconnects (2006)

Luxtera has demonstrated the technology required to implement CMOS photonics, and product development is underway. It has also demonstrated all the technology required for 10-Gbps operation, in addition to that required to scale to 100 Gbps and 1 Tbps. A single 10-Gbps channel today integrates tens of optical components into a single die alongside circuitry of modest gate count, 100,000 per transceiver. For the first time, high-speed optical communications directly between silicon die are possible at a price-performance point competitive with traditional electrical interconnects
The Ammonothermal Crystal Growth of Gallium Nitride—A Technique on the Up Rise (2009)

Gallium nitride (GaN) is one of the most important wide band gap semiconductor materials in modern technology with even higher expectations for future applications it is ought to play a crucial role. Among this, the growth of lattice and thermally matched GaN substrates for the GaN device technology takes an essential piece. This paper is reporting on the achievements in the ammonothermal growth technique of GaN bulk crystals. Important features specific to the ammonothermal technique are focused on. Although only a few groups (currently <; 10 worldwide) are directly involved in the development of the ammonothermal bulk crystal growth technology, partly due to the extreme technological challenges, tremendous progress over the last decade has recently resulted in the fabrication of 2 inch large, free-standing, single crystalline GaN with excellent structural perfection.
HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IMPROVES DIAGNOSTIC EFFICIENCY OF CARBOHYDRATE-DEFICIENT TRANSFERRIN (1997)

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is considered a useful biochemical marker of regular high alcohol intake. CDT was measured in the sera of 51 alcohol abusers, 20 patients with non-alcoholic liver disease and 30 healthy controls with an alcohol intake of < 30 g/day. The mean CDT levels of these three groups respectively were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; 4.6 +/- 5.2%; 0.7 +/- 0.2%; 0.7 +/- 0.2%) and with a radioimmunoassay after microcolumn anion-exchange chromatography (MAEC/RIA; 34.2 +/- 26.9 U/l; 16.9 +/- 3.8 U/l; 18.0 +/- 5.7 U/l). CDT levels in patients with severe alcohol abuse (161.6 +/- 96.4 g/day) were significantly higher than in the two other groups under investigation (P < 0.0001). In heavily drinking subjects, the mean daily alcohol intake correlated with aspartate aminotransferase levels (ASAT) but not with the CDT levels determined either with HPLC or MAEC/RIA. With both methods, the CDT levels were slightly higher in patients with an ASAT concentration > 30 U/l, which may indicate an advanced liver damage (P < 0.05). Analysis of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plots demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy of the HPLC method, which determines the relative amount of CDT, was significantly higher than the established MAEC/RIA method, which measures the absolute amount of CDT (area under the ROC curve: 0.95 +/- 0.02 vs 0.73 +/- 0.05; P < 0.0001). At a specificity of > 95%, the sensitivity of CDT determined with HPLC and MAEC/RIA was 80 and 47%, respectively. In addition, HPLC may be a useful and reliable method for the determination of this important biochemical marker, since the HPLC chromatogram is a visible document of the successful isotransferrin separation and measurement.
The clinical and cost-effectiveness of donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and memantine for Alzheimer's disease (2006)

Although results from the clinical effectiveness review suggest that these treatments may be beneficial, a number of issues need to be considered when assessing the results of the present review, such as the characteristics of the participants included in the individual trials, the outcome measures used, the length of study duration, the effects of attrition and the relationship between statistical significance and clinical significance. Many included trials were sponsored by industry. For donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine, the cost savings associated with reducing the mean time spent in full-time care do not offset the cost of treatment sufficiently to bring estimated cost-effectiveness to levels generally considered acceptable by NHS policy makers. It is difficult to draw conclusions on the cost-effectiveness of memantine; it is suggested that further amendments to the potentially optimistic industry model (measure of effect) would offer higher cost per QALY estimates. Future research should include: information on the quality of the outcome measures used; development of quality of life instruments for patients and carers; studies assessing the effects of these interventions of durations longer than 12 months; comparisons of benefits between interventions; and research on the prediction of disease progression.
Technical Considerations in Total Knee Arthroplasty (1986)

Results with total knee arthroplasty as published in this issue show few mechanical failures in knees correctly aligned. If the principles of technique are respected, the narrow limits for margin of error can be met. To provide optimal results, the following measures are recommended. The tibia should be cut no more than 5 mm from the medial subchondral bone, if the posterior cruciate ligament is sacrificed, and between 5 mm and 8 mm, if the posterior cruciate is saved. Fill a defect as necessary with bone graft. The tibia should be cut 90 degrees to its axis in the medial-lateral plane and with 5 degrees posterior tilt. Maintain the anterior-posterior height of the femur to ensure flexion stability. Use the distal femur as the "adjustment cut" even if the joint line is elevated. If the posterior cruciate ligament tension is tight, lengthen the ligament or convert to a sacrificing design. Deformity should be corrected with soft tissue release and not angular bone cuts. The patella cut should be performed so that the result is a symmetrical patella that is not increased from its anatomic height. If these principles are followed, the instrumentation use and order of osteotomy of the distal femur or tibia do not matter.
An efficient user verification system via mouse movements (2011)

Biometric authentication verifies a user based on its inherent, unique characteristics --- who you are. In addition to physiological biometrics, behavioral biometrics has proven very useful in authenticating a user. Mouse dynamics, with their unique patterns of mouse movements, is one such behavioral biometric. In this paper, we present a user verification system using mouse dynamics, which is both accurate and efficient enough for future usage. The key feature of our system lies in using much more fine-grained (point-by-point) angle-based metrics of mouse movements for user verification. These new metrics are relatively unique from person to person and independent of the computing platform. Moreover, we utilize support vector machines (SVMs) for accurate and fast classification. Our technique is robust across different operating platforms, and no specialized hardware is required. The efficacy of our approach is validated through a series of experiments. Our experimental results show that the proposed system can verify a user in an accurate and timely manner, and induced system overhead is minor.
Clinical Cartilage Restoration: Evolution and Overview (2011)

For the patient with symptomatic chondral injury, numerous techniques are available to the surgeon to relieve pain and improve function. Until rigorous clinical trials (prospective, adequately powered, randomized control) are available, treatment decisions should be guided by expert extrapolation of the available literature based in historically sound principles.
Cloning of a Vibrio alginolyticus rpoN gene that is required for polar flagellar formation (1997)

A fragment of DNA was cloned which complemented a polar flagellum-defective (pof) mutation of Vibrio alginolyticus. The fragment contained two complete and two partial open reading frames (ORFs) (ORF2 and -3 and ORF1 and -4, respectively). The presumed product of ORF2 has an amino acid sequence with a high degree of similarity to that of RpoN, which is an alternative sigma factor (sigma54) for other microorganisms. The other ORFs are also homologous to the genes adjacent to other rpoN genes. Deletion analysis suggests that ORF2 complements the pof mutation. These results demonstrate that RpoN is involved in the expression of polar flagellar genes.
NIOSOMES: A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (2012)

On admixture of non-ionic surfactant of the alkyl or dialkyl polyglycerol ether class and cholesterol with subsequent hydration in aqueous media, microscopic lamellar structures formed are known as niosomes or non-ionic surfactant vesicles. Method of preparation of niosome is same as of liposome technology i.e. hydration by aqueous phase of the lipid phase which may be either a pure surfactant or a mixture of surfactant with cholesterol. After preparing niosomal dispersion, unentrapped drug is separated by dialysis centrifugation or gel filtration. A method of in-vitro release rate study includes the use of dialysis tubing. Niosomes are unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles formed from synthetic non-ionic surfactants. Niosomal drug delivery is potentially applicable to many pharmacological agents for their action against various diseases.
High Mobility Group Protein 1 (HMGB1) Quantified by ELISA with a Monoclonal Antibody That Does Not Cross-React with HMGB2 (2003)

High mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) has been implicated in diverse cellular functions, including determination of nucleosomal structure and stability and binding of transcription factors to their cognate DNA sequences (1)(2)(3)(4). HMGB1 is also present in a membrane-associated form, termed amphoterin, that mediates neurite outgrowth (5). Amphoterin can interact with macrophage cell surface receptors for advanced glycation end products to enhance expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator (6).

Recently, HMGB1 was identified as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality (7). Mice had increased serum HMGB1 concentrations after exposure to endotoxin, and sepsis patients who succumbed to infection also had increased serum HMGB1. It would therefore be useful to develop an easy and highly sensitive method to measure serum HMGB1. However, this study revealed that HMGB1 and HMGB2, with extremely high homology (81%) to HMGB1, coexist in the serum. We report an ELISA method we have developed that measures only HMGB1 without simultaneous determination of HMGB2.

To prepare an anti-peptide monoclonal antibody reacting only with HMGB1, we selected a peptide sequence (peptide 1; GKGDPKKPRGK) with high antigenicity and different from that of HMGB2. The monoclonal anti-calf HMGB1 antibody was prepared against calf thymus-derived HMGB1, which was 98% homologous to human HMGB1. Each protein sample used for the analysis was prepared as follows.

The peptides were purified and separated by HPLC. The peptide synthesized was added to maleimidobenzoyl- N -hydroxysuccinimide ester (Pierce Chemical Co.)-labeled keyhole limpet hemocyanin (Calbiochem) or maleimidobenzoyl- …
Identification of the CC chemokines TARC and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β as novel functional ligands for the CCR8 receptor (1998)

Chemokines are key molecules in directing leukocyte migration toward sites of inflammation. We have previously cloned a putative CC chemokine receptor gene, TER1, whose expression is restricted to lymphoid tissues and cell lines. Recently, this receptor has been shown to signal in response to the human CC chemokine I-309 and thus it has been renamed CCR8 according to the current nomenclature. In the present study, we report the identification of the CC chemokines thymus and activation-regulated cytokine (TARC) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) as CCR8 ligands, as they induce chemotaxis in CCR8 Jurkat stable transfectants. Furthermore, we have generated a polyclonal antiserum that is able to recognize the CCR8 molecule in transfectant lysates. The pattern of CCR8 mRNA expression and the functional effects exerted by its ligand suggest that the triggering of this receptor may regulate multiple functions including activation, migration and proliferation of lymphoid cells.
Anti-p53 in Breast Cancer: Concordance of Different Assay Procedures and Association with p53 Antigen Expression (2002)

Lack of assay standardization may partly explain the divergence in reports on anti-p53 and its clinicopathological associations. We speculate that, in different groups of patients, anti-p53 might be induced by different mechanisms.
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphisms in human essential hypertension. (1994)

We conducted the present study to determine whether the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1) gene might be implicated in human essential hypertension by using case-control and linkage studies. The entire coding and 3' untranslated regions of the AT1 receptor gene (2.2 kb) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and submitted to single-strand conformation polymorphism in 60 hypertensive subjects with a familial susceptibility. We identified five polymorphisms (T573-->C, A1062-->G, A1166-->C, G1517-->T, and A1878-->G). However, no mutations that alter the encoded amino acid sequence were detected. A case-control study performed on white hypertensive (n = 206; blood pressure, 168 +/- 16/103 +/- 9 mm Hg) and normotensive (n = 298; blood pressure, 122 +/- 10/75 +/- 9 mm Hg) subjects using three of five polymorphisms showed a significant increase in allelic frequency of C1166 in hypertensive subjects (0.36 versus 0.28 for normotensive subjects, chi 2 = 6.8, P < .01). Frequencies for the alleles of the other two polymorphisms (T573-->C, A1878-->G) were similar in both groups. We performed a linkage study using the affected sib pair method and a highly polymorphic marker of the AT1 receptor gene. There was no evidence for linkage in 267 sib pairs analyzed from 138 pedigrees. These findings would be compatible with a common variant of the AT1 receptor imparting a small effect on blood pressure; further studies will be needed to address this possibility.