gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attention Deficit Disorder in Adults and Nicotine Dependence: Psychobiological Factors in Resistance to Recovery? (1996)

The addictive nature of nicotine appears to depend on a number of psychobiological factors. This study explores the psychoactive effects of nicotine in relationship to the particular dysphoric aspects of Attention Deficit Disorder as a coincident factor in nicotine dependence and resistance to treatment. The psychological and behavioral effects of nicotine directly correspond to reduction in symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the neurochemical effects of nicotine are qualitatively similar to stimulant medications used to treat ADHD. Aspects of the treatment of nicotine or other addictions in such comorbid situations are discussed in the context of self-medication.
STAR-MPI (2006)

Message Passing Interface (MPI) collective communication routines are widely used in parallel applications. In order for a collective communication routine to achieve high performance for different applications on different platforms, it must be adaptable to both the system architecture and the application workload. Current MPI implementations do not support such software adaptability and are not able to achieve high performance on many platforms. In this paper, we present STAR-MPI (Self Tuned Adaptive Routines for MPI collective operations), a set of MPI collective communication routines that are capable of adapting to system architecture and application workload. For each operation, STAR-MPI maintains a set of communication algorithms that can potentially be efficient at different situations. As an application executes, a STAR-MPI routine applies the Automatic Empirical Optimization of Software (AEOS) technique at run time to dynamically select the best performing algorithm for the application on the platform. We describe the techniques used in STAR-MPI, analyze STAR-MPI overheads, and evaluate the performance of STAR-MPI with applications and benchmarks. The results of our study indicate that STAR-MPI is robust and efficient. It is able to and efficient algorithms with reasonable overheads, and it out-performs traditional MPI implementations to a large degree in many cases.
Integrated optical SSB modulator/frequency shifter (1981)

A novel light single-sideband modulator, or frequency shifter, of integrated optics structure is proposed. The operation was confirmed by constructing and testing the device using Ti indiffused LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> waveguides. The first demonstration of frequency shifting was carried out at 2 GHz, and either the upper or lower single-sideband output without carrier was obtained. Conversion efficiency of -5 dB was achieved with input drive power of 730 mW.
Roles of tau protein in health and disease (2017)

Tau is well established as a microtubule-associated protein in neurons. However, under pathological conditions, aberrant assembly of tau into insoluble aggregates is accompanied by synaptic dysfunction and neural cell death in a range of neurodegenerative disorders, collectively referred to as tauopathies. Recent advances in our understanding of the multiple functions and different locations of tau inside and outside neurons have revealed novel insights into its importance in a diverse range of molecular pathways including cell signalling, synaptic plasticity, and regulation of genomic stability. The present review describes the physiological and pathophysiological properties of tau and how these relate to its distribution and functions in neurons. We highlight the post-translational modifications of tau, which are pivotal in defining and modulating tau localisation and its roles in health and disease. We include discussion of other pathologically relevant changes in tau, including mutation and aggregation, and how these aspects impinge on the propensity of tau to propagate, and potentially drive neuronal loss, in diseased brain. Finally, we describe the cascade of pathological events that may be driven by tau dysfunction, including impaired axonal transport, alterations in synapse and mitochondrial function, activation of the unfolded protein response and defective protein degradation. It is important to fully understand the range of neuronal functions attributed to tau, since this will provide vital information on its involvement in the development and pathogenesis of disease. Such knowledge will enable determination of which critical molecular pathways should be targeted by potential therapeutic agents developed for the treatment of tauopathies.
Combinatorial approaches toward patterning nanocrystals (1998)

A scheme for generating complex, spatially separated patterns of multiple types of semiconducting and/or metallic nanocrystals is presented. The process is based on lithographic patterning of organic monolayers that contain a photolabile protection group and are covalently bound to SiO2 surfaces. The process results in spatially and chemically distinct interaction sites on a single substrate. Nanocrystal assembly occurs with a high selectivity on just one type of site. We report on the production of binary, tertiary, and quatemary patterns of nanocrystals. We highlight and discuss the differences between nanocrystal/substrate assembly and molecule/substrate assembly. Finally, we investigate the assembled structures using photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy.
Construction and expression of a novel recombinant anaphylatoxin, C5a-N19, as a probe for the human C5a receptor (1990)

We have constructed a novel recombinant C5a anaphylatoxin (C5a-N19) containing a 19-residue amino-terminal extension peptide, using a plasmid vector which secretes the nascent polypeptide to the Escherichia coli periplasmic space. C5a-N19 was purified from cell lysates by immunoaffinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody which recognizes a portion of the amino-terminal extension peptide. C5a-N19 was characterized as biologically indistinguishable from the unmodified recombinant anaphylatoxin for release of lysosomal enzymes from dibutyryl-cAMP-differentiated U937 cells. In contrast to unmodified C5a, which is not recognized by anti-C5a antibodies following binding to its cellular receptor, receptor-bound C5a-N19 is recognized by the monoclonal antibody directed against the amino-terminal extension sequence. Because the monoclonal antibody recognizes the C5a-receptor complex on cells, this methodology is useful in fluorescence sorting of C5a receptor-positive cells. A C5a receptor affinity column was constructed by saturating monoclonal antibody bound to agarose with C5a-N19. Digitonin-solubilized C5a receptor from dibutyryl-cAMP-induced U937 cells was adsorbed to the matrix and eluted by dissociation of the ligand-receptor complex from the antibody. Analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a unique protein band at 41K, consistent with the molecular weight predicted from cross-linking experiments when the contribution of C5a is subtracted. Development of this recombinant C5a derivative provides a useful probe previously unavailable for the C5a receptor molecule.
Calorimetric and spectroscoptc Investigation of drug - DNA Interactions. I. The binding of netropsin to poly d(AT) (1983)

We report the first calorimetric investigation of netropsin binding to poly d(AT). Temperature-dependent uv absorption, circular dichroism (CD), batch calorimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to detect, monitor, and thermodynamically characterize the binding process. The following results have been obtained: 1) Netropsin groove binding is accompanied by a large exothermic enthalpy of 9.2 kcal/mol of drug bound at 25 degrees C. This indicates that a large negative binding enthalpy may be a necessary but not a sufficient criterion for drug intercalation. We suggest that the exothermic binding might be correlated with specific H-bonding interactions. 2) From the difference in DSC transition enthalpies in the presence and absence of netropsin, we calculate a binding enthalpy of -10.7 kcal/mol of netropsin at 88 degrees C. 3) We calculate a positive delta S for netropsin binding to poly d(AT) at 25 degrees C. This positive entropy change may reflect netropsin-induced release of condensed cations and/or bound water. 4) The netropsin-saturated duplex monophasically melts 46 degrees C higher than the free duplex. The unsaturated duplex melts through two thermally-resolved transitions that correspond to netropsin-free and netropsin-bound regions. These two regions interact dynamically with no substantial influence on the thermal stabilities of the separate domains. 5) Netropsin binding decreases the cooperativity of the duplex to single strand transition.
Human growth hormone DNA sequence and mRNA structure: possible alternative splicing (1981)

We have determined the complete sequence of the human growth hormone (hGH) gene and the position of the mature 5' end of the hGH mRNA within the sequence. Comparison of this sequence with that of a cloned hGH cDNA shows that the gene is interrupted by four intervening sequences. S1 mapping shows that one of these intervening sequences has two different 3' splice sites. These alternate splicing pathways generate hGH peptides of different sizes which are found in normal pituitaries. Comparison of sequences near the 5' end of the hGH mRNA with a similar region of the alpha subunit of the human glycoprotein hormones reveals an unexpected region of homology between these otherwise unrelated peptide hormones.
Oxidative stress in gastric mucosa in Helicobacter pylori infection. (2000)

Depletion of gastric mucosal glutathione in H. pylori-infected DU patients may be due to failure of the antioxidant defense system. Failure of the glutathione-dependent defense system results in accumulation of free radicals which can initiate membrane damage by lipid peroxidation.
Clinical and biochemical features of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (2010)

Based on clinical symptoms, CSF neurotransmitters profile is highly indicative for the diagnosis of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency. Treatment options are limited, in many cases not beneficial, and prognosis is uncertain. Only 15 patients with a relatively mild form clearly improved on a combined therapy with pyridoxine (B6)/pyridoxal phosphate, dopamine agonists, and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors.
Palindromic dihydrazones from N-aminophthalimide (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalindromic dihydrazones from N-aminophthalimideMichael J. Hearn, Mary Louise Campbell, Margat Hoppe, Judith Rosenberg, and Anvita SinhaCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1986, 31, 2, 255–256Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00044a035https://doi.org/10.1021/je00044a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
How do we get from here to there? A pathway for trial design in complex systems analysis* (2007)

Critical Care Medicine: February 2007 - Volume 35 - Issue 2 - p 656-658 doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000251494.71801.41
ChemInform Abstract: Textbook of Organic Chemistry (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discovery and Optimization of a Series of 3-(3-Phenyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amines: Orally Bioavailable, Selective, and Potent ATP-Independent Akt Inhibitors (2012)

This paper describes the implementation of a biochemical and biophysical screening strategy to identify and optimize small molecule Akt1 inhibitors that act through a mechanism distinct from that observed for kinase domain ATP-competitive inhibitors. With the aid of an unphosphorylated Akt1 cocrystal structure of 12j solved at 2.25 Å, it was possible to confirm that as a consequence of binding these novel inhibitors, the ATP binding cleft contained a number of hydrophobic residues that occlude ATP binding as expected. These Akt inhibitors potently inhibit intracellular Akt activation and its downstream target (PRAS40) in vitro. In vivo pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies with two examples, 12e and 12j, showed the series to be similarly effective at inhibiting the activation of Akt and an additional downstream effector (p70S6) following oral dosing in mice.
Mechanism of the flexural resonance frequency shift of a piezoelectric microcantilever sensor in a dc bias electric field (2008)

The flexural resonance frequency of a lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN-PT)/tin piezoelectric microcantilever sensor (PEMS) was shown to vary in a dc bias electric field, similar to the behavior of width-mode resonance frequency of the PEMS. Both the flexural and the width-mode resonance frequency shifts were attributed to Young’s modulus change in the PMN-PT layer as confirmed by Young’s modulus measurements on a separate PMN-PT strip. Young’s modulus change of the PMN-PT layer in an electric field was a result of the non-180° polarization domain switching as evidenced by the dielectric constant change with the field.
Antibodies reactive with the B1 molecule inhibit cell cycle progression but not activation of human B lymphocytes (1986)

The B1 cell surface molecule (CD20) is a 35-kDa phosphoprotein expressed by B lineage cells during most stages of differentiation. Some monoclonal antibodies reactive with B1 induce activation while others, anti-B1a, inhibit B lymphocyte function. To further determine the requirement of B1 molecule function in proliferation and differentiation the effects of anti-B1a antibody binding on early cellular activation events were examined. Immunoglobulin secretion of lymphocyte cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen was maximally inhibited if the antibody (1-10 micrograms/ml) was added during the first 24 h of culture. However, even high antibody concentrations were unable to inhibit increases in free intracellular Ca2+ concentrations immediately following cross-linkage of cell surface immunoglobulin, or inhibit cell enlargement and the expression of transferrin and interleukin 2 receptors. Antibody binding to B1 inhibited RNA synthesis (37-80%) and progression through cell cycle following activation. In contrast, proliferation induced by phorbol myristate acetate was not inhibited by antibody binding to the B1 molecule. The findings that the earliest activation events and phorbol myristate acetate-induced proliferation were not inhibited by antibody binding to B1 suggest that inhibition is due to the blocking of a step of the activation process required for cell cycle progression and differentiation, rather than blocking initial signal transduction across the membrane or providing a negative or suppressive signal.
Early herpes zoster infection in adult patients with Hodgkin's disease undergoing autologous bone marrow transplant. (1991)

The incidence of varicella-zoster-virus infection/reactivation in adult patients with Hodgkin's disease undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at the University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic was determined. Seven of 28 evaluable patients (25%) developed varicella-zoster infections in the first 150 days post-transplant. Two additional patients developed zoster after day 150 for a total incidence of 32%. We evaluated analysed risk factors to determine if there were any characteristics that could identify patients at risk for zoster early (less than 150 days) in their post-transplant course. Sex, age, prior radiation, and lack of immunity as determined by viral antibody titers were not associated with an increased incidence. Ten of the 28 patients had a history of zoster at some time after the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Six of these 10 patients (60%) again developed zoster post-transplant. This compared to only one episode of varicella-zoster post-transplant among the 18 patients without a history of zoster following the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease (p less than 0.01, Fisher's exact). We conclude that a prior history of zoster any time after diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease is strongly associated with developing zoster in the first 150 days after autologous BMT.
The effect of antibody protein dose of anti-renal cell carcinoma monoclonal antibodies in nude mice with renal cell carcinoma xenografts (1997)

Our studies show that some RCC tumors can be saturated with anti-RCC MoAbs at low (25 microg) to very low (3 microg) protein doses. At nonsaturated doses relatively high tumor uptake can be achieved. Surprisingly, in NU-12 tumors only 6.1% and 15% of the available antigenic sites were targeted at the saturating dose levels with G250 and RC 38, respectively.
Near infrared photoimmunotherapy with avelumab, an anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody (2016)

Near Infrared-Photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a highly selective tumor treatment that employs an antibody-photo-absorber conjugate (APC). Programmed cell death protein-1 ligand (PD-L1) is emerging as a molecular target. Here, we describe the efficacy of NIR-PIT, using fully human IgG1 anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), avelumab, conjugated to the photo-absorber, IR700DX, in a PD-L1 expressing H441 cell line, papillary adenocarcinoma of lung. Avelumab-IR700 showed specific binding and cell-specific killing was observed after exposure of the cells to NIR in vitro. In the in vivo study, avelumab-IR700 showed high tumor accumulation and high tumor-background ratio. Tumor-bearing mice were separated into 4 groups: (1) no treatment; (2) 100 μg of avelumab-IR700 i.v.; (3) NIR light exposure only, NIR light was administered; (4) 100 μg of avelumab-IR700 i.v., NIR light was administered. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited by NIR-PIT treatment compared with the other groups (p < 0.001), and significantly prolonged survival was achieved (p < 0.01 vs other groups). In conclusion, the anti-PD-L1 antibody, avelumab, is suitable as an APC for NIR-PIT. Furthermore, NIR-PIT with avelumab-IR700 is a promising candidate of the treatment of PD-L1-expressing tumors that could be readily translated to humans.
Reliability of an Automated Decision Support System for Behavioral Treatment Planning (1994)

Abstract Automated decision support systems can provide inexperienced individuals with expert advice. But while a computer will always arrive at the same conclusion from a given set of data, human users bring individual variability to decision making. This study, therefore, examined the reliability of the decision support component of an expert system, the Mental Retardation-Expert (MR-E), which assists clinicians who treat problem behaviors of individuals with mental retardation or developmental disabilities. Four clinicians independently used MR-E to obtain consultations on 31 separate cases abstracted from the published literature. They reached a high level of agreement on functional hypotheses regardless of clinical experience, familiarity with MR-E, use of MR-E's basic or advanced modes, or consecutive number of consultations obtained.
Tor Kinases Are in Distinct Membrane-associated Protein Complexes inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (2003)

Tor1p and Tor2p kinases, targets of the immune-suppressive antibiotic rapamycin, are components of a highly conserved signaling network that couples nutrient availability and cell growth. To gain insight into the molecular basis underlying Tor-dependent signaling, we used cell fractionation and immunoaffinity chromatography to examine the physical environment of Tor2p. We found that the majority of Tor2p associates with a membrane-bound compartment along with at least four other proteins, Avo1p-Avo3p and Lst8p. Using immunogold electron microscopy, we observed that Tor2p, as well as Tor1p, localizes in punctate clusters to regions adjacent to the plasma membrane and within the cell interior, often in association with characteristic membranous tracks. Cell fractionation, coimmunoprecipitation, and immunogold electron microscopy experiments confirmed that Lst8 associates with both Tor2p as well as Tor1p at these membranous sites. In contrast, we find that Kog1, the yeast homologue of the mammalian Tor regulatory protein Raptor, interacts preferentially with Tor1p. These findings provide evidence for the existence of Tor signaling complexes that contain distinct as well as overlapping components. That these complexes colocalize to a membrane-bound compartment suggests an intimate relationship between membrane-mediated signaling and Tor activity.
Convex position estimation in wireless sensor networks (2002)

A method for estimating unknown node positions in a sensor network based exclusively on connectivity-induced constraints is described. Known peer-to-peer communication in the network is modeled as a set of geometric constraints on the node positions. The global solution of a feasibility problem for these constraints yields estimates for the unknown positions of the nodes in the network. Providing that the constraints are tight enough, simulation illustrates that this estimate becomes close to the actual node positions. Additionally, a method for placing rectangular bounds around the possible positions for all unknown nodes in the network is given. The area of the bounding rectangles decreases as additional or tighter constraints are included in the problem. Specific models are suggested and simulated for isotropic and directional communication, representative of broadcast-based and optical transmission respectively, though the methods presented are not limited to these simple cases.