gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Streptozocin-induced diabetic rats: behavioural evidence for a model of chronic pain (1993)

Painful diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of insulin-dependent diabetes in man. Conflicting results have been obtained in experimentally diabetic animals subjected to pain stimuli. This work aimed to systematically study the response of rats made diabetic (hyperglycemia > or = 14 mM) by injection of streptozocin (STZ) (75 mg/kg, i.p.), to various pain stimuli: mechanical, thermal (warm and cold) and chemical. The time course of the scores was followed for 4 weeks simultaneously with the clinical symptoms (weight, body and skin temperature, motility) and hyperglycemia. A decrease in reaction thresholds to noxious heat stimuli (44 degrees C and 46 degrees C) and to non-painful thermal (cold: 10 degrees C, and warm: 38-42 degrees C) and mechanical stimulation (paw pressure) was observed. This can be considered as evidence for hyperalgesia and allodynia, respectively. These troubles appeared gradually and required at least 2 weeks of diabetes to reach statistical significance. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, the scores obtained in diabetic rats injected with formalin were greater than those in normal rats, indicating hyperalgesia. Variation in sensitivity to pain occurred at the same time as arrested weight increase, fall in skin temperature, some amyotrophy measured in terms of hind-paw volume, and the usual polyuria-polydipsia syndrome. Spontaneous motor activity of the rats was lowered. This model is thus of interest as the observed reactions to noxious and non-noxious stimuli correspond to hyperalgesia and allodynia, symptoms encountered in painful diabetic neuropathy in man. Operating conditions for this model are discussed.
Emerging therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (2007)

The presentation, clinical course and prognosis for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is diverse and strategies for therapy reflect this variability. Staging of the disease has assisted in deciding treatment options and more recently the cytogenetic, molecular and surrogate markers of the immunoglobulin heavy chain mutational status, CD38 and ZAP-70, have assisted in further risk stratification. Chemotherapy has been the mainstay of interventional therapy when required and the two most important classes of agents in the treatment of CLL are nucleoside analogues and alkylating agents. Combining these two groups of agents has significantly improved prognosis in this disease. More recently a number of novel agents have been applied to patients with CLL to determine if they represent better therapy. However, allogeneic stem cell transplantation offers perhaps the only realistic chance of a cure in this disease. Clinical trials are still needed to determine the timing and role of this promising treatment modality in the treatment of CLL and, where possible, combined with the emerging awareness of the disease biology, related biological markers and prognostic indicators.
Induction of alkaline phosphatase in mouse L cells by overexpression of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. (1990)

Mouse L929 cells were used to study the mechanism of cAMP induction of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity. Following treatment with 200 microM 8-chlorophenylthio-cAMP (CPT-cAMP), alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity was observed to increase 80-fold after 24 h. The CPT-cAMP dose response of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity correlated well with the CPT-cAMP activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in L cells. A cDNA clone for the alkaline phosphatase was isolated and used to demonstrate a 10-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels after a 24-h treatment of L cells with CPT-cAMP. Increased mRNA levels were first detected 4-6 h, after CPT-cAMP treatment, and the level of alkaline phosphatase mRNA decreased rapidly after removal of CPT-cAMP. In vitro nuclear transcription studies showed that a 3-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase gene transcription was detectable 6 h after CPT treatment, and this increase was blocked by cycloheximide. In order to determine if the catalytic (C) subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was able to mediate the induction of AP, L cells were transfected with expression vectors containing the metallothionein promoter and coding for the C alpha isoform of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase or for a catalytic subunit in which lysine 72 had been mutated to methionine (C alpha K72M). Zinc treatment of stably transfected cells expressing the wild-type C subunit showed an increase in protein kinase activity and an increase in AP activity. Zinc treatment of cells containing the mutant C subunit expression vector produced an increase in the amount of a protein which was recognized by C subunit antibodies on Western blots, but these cells showed no increase in protein kinase activity or in AP activity. We conclude that the C subunit is sufficient for transcriptional induction of the AP gene and that the phosphotransferase activity of the C subunit is required for this induction.
Ventilator-induced lung injury: historical perspectives and clinical implications (2011)

Mechanical ventilation can produce lung physiological and morphological alterations termed ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Early experimental studies demonstrated that the main determinant of VILI is lung end-inspiratory volume. The clinical relevance of these experimental findings received resounding confirmation with the results of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Network study, which showed a 22% reduction in mortality in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome through a simple reduction in tidal volume. In contrast, the clinical relevance of low lung volume injury remains debated and the application of high positive end-expiratory pressure levels can contribute to lung overdistension and thus be deleterious. The significance of inflammatory alterations observed during VILI is debated and has not translated into clinical application. This review examines seminal experimental studies that led to our current understanding of VILI and contributed to the current recommendations in the respiratory support of ARDS patients.
An improved assay for biologically active chromium (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn improved assay for biologically active chromiumRichard A. Anderson, John H. Brantner, and Marilyn M. PolanskyCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 5, 1219–1221Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60219a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60219a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Edge-aware point set resampling (2013)

Points acquired by laser scanners are not intrinsically equipped with normals, which are essential to surface reconstruction and point set rendering using surfels. Normal estimation is notoriously sensitive to noise. Near sharp features, the computation of noise-free normals becomes even more challenging due to the inherent undersampling problem at edge singularities. As a result, common edge-aware consolidation techniques such as bilateral smoothing may still produce erroneous normals near the edges. We propose a resampling approach to process a noisy and possibly outlier-ridden point set in an edge-aware manner. Our key idea is to first resample away from the edges so that reliable normals can be computed at the samples, and then based on reliable data, we progressively resample the point set while approaching the edge singularities. We demonstrate that our Edge-Aware Resampling (EAR) algorithm is capable of producing consolidated point sets with noise-free normals and clean preservation of sharp features. We also show that EAR leads to improved performance of edge-aware reconstruction methods and point set rendering techniques.
Acute Lung Injury Review (2009)

The first report of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was published in 1967, and even now acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS are severe forms of diffuse lung disease that impose a substantial health burden all over the world. Recent estimates indicate approximately 190,000 cases per year of ALI in the United States each year, with an associated 74,500 deaths per year. Common causes of ALI/ARDS are sepsis, pneumonia, trauma, aspiration pneumonia, pancreatitis, and so on. Several pathologic stages of ALI/ARDS have been described: acute inflammation with neutrophil infiltration, fibroproliferative phase with hyaline membranes, with varying degrees of interstitial fibrosis, and resolution phase. There has been intense investigation into the pathophysiologic events relevant to each stage of ALI/ARDS, and much has been learned in the alveolar epithelial, endobronchial homeostasis, and alveolar cell immune responses, especially neutrophils and alveolar macrophages in an animal model. However, these effective results in the animal models are not equally adoptive to those in randomized, controlled trials. The clinical course of ALI/ARDS is variable with the likely pathophysiologic complexity of human ALI/ARDS. In 1994, the definition was recommended by the American-European Consensus Conference Committee, which facilitated easy nomination of patients with ALI/ARDS for a randomized, clinical trial. Here, we review the recent randomized, clinical trials of ALI/ARDS.
Complexation of nucleotide bases by molecular tweezers with active site carboxylic acids: effects of microenvironment (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplexation of nucleotide bases by molecular tweezers with active site carboxylic acids: effects of microenvironmentSteven C. Zimmerman, Weiming Wu, and Zijian ZengCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 1, 196–201Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00001a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00001a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views513Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Prospective Randomized Double‐Blind Trial of Fibrin Glue for Pain and Bleeding After Tonsillectomy (1999)

The patient-based pain evaluation data should aid the physician in preoperative outcome counselling and targeted prescription of pain medication. However, contrary to previous indications, the authors cannot substantiate a significant beneficial effect of fibrin glue in postoperative pain control. Furthermore, we did not find its action as a hemostatic agent clinically applicable in this setting, and thus find no indication for the routine use of fibrin glue in tonsillectomy.
Phosphate derivatives of AZT display enhanced selectivity of action against HIV1 by comparison to the parent nucleoside (1992)

Novel phosphate derivatives of the anti-HIV nucleoside analogue AZT have been prepared by phosphorochloridate chemistry. In particular, phosphates carrying ester-containing side-chains are described. These materials are designed to act as membrane-soluble pro-drugs of the bio-active free nucleotides. In vitro evaluation revealed the compounds to have a pronounced, selective antiviral activity. In several cases the phosphate derivatives are more selective in their action than the parent nucleoside AZT. In particular, this arises from the low toxicity of the phosphate pro-drugs by comparison to AZT. These data support the suggestion that the phosphate derivatives exert their biological effects via intracellular release of the nucleotide forms, and suggests that such pro-drug forms may be worthy of further study.
In Situ Observation of a Phase Transformation in α‐(BEDT‐TTF)2I3 using a Contactless Technique (1987)

Abstract We describe a novel apparatus for contactless measurement of the conductivity of small platelet‐shaped charge transfer crystals from above room temperature down to helium temperatures. This technique is employed to study the temperature dependence of the conductivity in the quasi two‐dimensional organic conductor α‐(BEDT‐TTF) 2 I 3 both in its pristine form and after annealing at 360 K. The low temperature behaviour is found to change from insulating (metal‐to‐insulator transition at 135 K) to metallic.
Bacterial proteins binding to the mammalian extracellular matrix (1993)

Pathogenic bacteria frequently express surface proteins with affinity for components of the mammalian extracellular matrix, i.e. collagens, laminin, fibronectin or proteoglycans. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the mechanisms of bacterial adherence to extracellular matrices and on the biological significance of these interactions. The best-characterized bacterial proteins active in these interactions are the mycobacterial fibronectin-binding proteins, the fibronectin- and the collagen-binding proteins of staphylococci and streptococci, specific enterobacterial fimbrial types, as well as the polymeric surface proteins YadA of yersinias and the A-protein of Aeromonas. Some of these bacterial proteins are highly specific for an extracellular matrix protein, some are multifunctional and express binding activities towards a number of target proteins. The interactions can be based on a protein-protein or on a protein-carbohydrate interaction, or on a bridging mechanism mediated by a bivalent soluble target protein. Many of the interactions have also been demonstrated on tissue sections or in vivo, and adherence to the extracellular matrix has been shown to promote bacterial colonization of damaged tissues.
Kabob-like Carbon Nanotube Hybrids (2006)

Abstract Inspired by the formation of stalagmite in nature, calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3) have been successfully generated along multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) backbones periodically via a very simple wet chemical route, thus forming the kabob-like MWNTs–CaCO3 hybrids. These MWNTs–CaCO3 hybrids are expected to have many potential applications in biomaterials and polymer reinforcement.
The effect of body contact series resistance on SOI CMOS amplifier stages (1997)

This paper examines some implications for analogue design of using body ties as a solution to the problem of floating body effects in partially-depleted (PD) SOI technologies. Measurements on H-gate body-tied structures in a 0.7-/spl mu/m SOI process indicate body-tie series resistances increasing into the M/spl Omega/ region. Both circuit simulation and measurement results reveal a delayed but sharper kink effect as this resistance increases. The consequences of this effect are shown in the context of a simple amplifier configuration, resulting in severe bias-dependent degradation in the small signal gain characteristics as the body-tie resistance enters the M/spl Omega/ region. It is deduced that imperfectly body tied devices may be worse for analogue design than using no body-tie at all.
[Immunodepressive effect of transcerebral lasers]. (1993)

The aim of the present paper was to study the effect of infrared laser radiation on endocrine regulation of immunogenesis and on endogenic opioid system. For this purpose experiments on rabbits were carried out. The animals underwent transcerebral radiation with subsequent induction of the primary immune response (PIR) to thymus-dependent antigen (sheep red blood cells). The PIR suppression was revealed in all test animals. It was more graphically expressed in rabbits exposed to impulse radiation. Immunodepression was combined with the increase of glucocorticoid activity of adrenal cortex, while no significant changes in thyroid hormones were registered. The 0.08 Joles impulse radiation cause a palpable fall in opioid concentration in blood plasma, the fact, which can be possibly accounted for the rapid exhaustion of opioid synthesis after their stimulation due to laser radiation.
4-Step Renal Dosimetry Dependent on Cortex Geometry Applied to 90Y Peptide Receptor Radiotherapy: Evaluation Using a Fillable Kidney Phantom Imaged by 90Y PET (2010)

This study supports the use of direct (90)Y PET of the first PRRT cycle to assess the kidney-absorbed dose and optimize the injected activity of the following cycles.
Primer on theory and operation of linear accelerators in radiation therapy. Final report (1981)

This primer is part of an educational package that also includes a series of three videotapes entitled 'Theory and Operation of Linear Accelerators in Radiation Therapy, Parts I, II, and III'. This publication provides an overview of the components of the linear accelerator and how they function and interrelate. The auxiliary systems necessary to maintain the operation of the linear accelerator are also described.
Mechanisms of Hemagglutinin Targeted Influenza Virus Neutralization (2013)

Human monoclonal antibodies have been identified which neutralize broad spectra of influenza A or B viruses. Here, we dissect the mechanisms by which such antibodies interfere with infectivity. We distinguish four mechanisms that link the conserved hemagglutinin (HA) epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies to critical processes in the viral life cycle. HA-stem binding antibodies can act intracellularly by blocking fusion between the viral and endosomal membranes and extracellularly by preventing the proteolytic activation of HA. HA-head binding antibodies prevent viral attachment and release. These insights into newly identified ways by which the human immune system can interfere with influenza virus infection may aid the development of novel universal vaccines and antivirals.
Stepwise activation mechanisms of the precursor of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (stromelysin) by proteinases and (4-aminophenyl)mercuric acetate (1990)

The mechanisms of activation of the precursor of human matrix metalloproteinase 3 (proMMP-3/prostromelysin) by proteinases and (4-aminophenyl)mercuric acetate (APMA) were investigated by kinetic and sequence analyses. Incubation of proMMP-3 with neutrophil elastase, plasma kallikrein, plasmin, or chymotrypsin at 37 degrees C resulted in the formation of MMP-3 of Mr = 45,000 by cleaving of the His82-Phe83 bond. Since this bond is unlikely to be cleaved by these proteinases it was postulated that an initial attack of an activator proteinase on proMMP-3 creates an intermediate form, which is then processed to a more stable form of Mr = 45,000. To test this hypothesis proMMP-3 was incubated with these serine proteinases under conditions that minimize the action of MMP-3. This led to the accumulation of major intermediates of Mr = 53,000 and two minor forms of Mr = 49,000 and 47,000. The 53,000 Mr intermediate generated by human neutrophil elastase resulted from cleavage of the Val35-Arg36 whereas plasma kallikrein cleaved the Arg36-Arg37 and Lys38-Asp39 bonds and chymotrypsin the Phe34-Val35 bond, all of which are located near the middle of the propeptide. Conversion of these intermediates to the fully active 45,000 Mr form of MMP-3 resulted from a bimolecular reaction of the intermediates. A similar short-lived intermediate of Mr = 46,000 generated by APMA was a result of the intramolecular cleavage of the Glu68-Val69 bond, and it was then converted to a stable MMP-3 of Mr = 45,000 by a intermolecular reaction of MMP-3. However, MMP-3 failed to activate proMMP-3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Midia, comunidade e preconceito racial (2004)

"O texto pretende discutir as formas do preconceito racial como anacronismopersistente sob a modernidade do consumo e da mídia. A propostaconcentra-se na inadequação da racionalidade instrumental paraabordar o problema. Desta maneira, a perspectiva maior do presentetexto inscreve-se na concepção da lógica sistêmica do preconceito. Finalmente,o texto comporta ainda a interface com as perspectivas positivasda dimensão sensível e da estética, atuantes tanto na mídia quantona vida comunitária"
Comparative performance of pyramid data structures for progressive image transmission (1991)

A review of various pyramid data structures for progressive image transmission, focusing on the steps involved in forming the pyramid and the performance comparisons, is presented. The simple mean pyramid, its variants including the truncated mean, reduced-sum, difference, reduced-difference and S-transform pyramids, and the more general Laplacian pyramid are discussed. It is also shown that the use of an interpolation function improves the quality of the full-resolution approximations both objectively and subjectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Heparin is an adhesive ligand for the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD1). (1995)

Previous studies have demonstrated that the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 adheres to several cell surface and soluble ligands including intercellular adhesion molecule-1, fibrinogen, iC3b, and factor X. However, experiments with Mac-1-expressing transfectants, purified Mac-1, and mAbs to Mac-1 indicate the existence of additional ligands. In this paper, we demonstrate a direct interaction between Mac-1 and heparan sulfate glycans. Heparin affinity resins immunoprecipitate Mac-1, and neutrophils and transfectant cells that express Mac-1 bind to heparin and heparan sulfate, but not to other sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Inhibition studies with mAbs and chemically modified forms of heparin suggest the I domain as a recognition site on Mac-1 for heparin, and suggest that either N- or O-sulfation is sufficient for heparin to bind efficiently to Mac-1. Under conditions of continuous flow in which heparins and E-selectin are cosubstrates, neutrophils tether to E-selectin and form firm adhesions through a Mac-1-heparin interaction.