gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possible Roles of Free Radicals in Alcoholic Tissue Damage (1990)

Hepatic microsomes metabolize ethanol to a free radical metabolite which forms adducts with the spin trapping agents PBN (phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone) and DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-l-pyrroline N-oxide). This ethanol radical has been identified as the l-hydroxyethyl radical through the use of 13C-labelled ethanol. A role of the cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the generation of the l-hydroxyethyl radical was suggested by requirements for oxygen and NADPH, as well as inhibition in the presence of SKF 525-A and imidazole. In contrast, the ESR signal intensity of the l-hydroxyethyl radical was diminished when either catalase, or the iron chelating agent deferoxamine, was added to the microsomal incubations, and was increased by the addition of ADP-Fe. These observations suggest that the ethanol radicals may arise secondary to iron-catalyzed formation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide. This possibility was supported by enhanced rates of l-hydroxyethyl radical formation when microsomal catalase activity was inhibited by the addition of sodium azide, or by pretreatment of rats with aminotriazole. However, the reaction was relatively insensitive to scavengers of the hydroxyl radical. Thus, the mechanism of l-hydroxyethyl radical formation could involve two cytochrome P-450-dependent pathways: generation of hydrogen peroxide required for a Fenton reaction, as well as direct catalytic formation of the ethanol radical.
Helix-coil theories: a comparative study for finite length polypeptides (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHelix-coil theories: a comparative study for finite length polypeptidesHong Qian and John A. SchellmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 10, 3987–3994Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/j100189a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views635Altmetric-Citations182LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Definition of a Minimal Domain of the Dioxin Receptor That Is Associated with Hsp90 and Maintains Wild Type Ligand Binding Affinity and Specificity (1995)

The dioxin receptor is a cytoplasmic basic helix-loop-helix/Per-Arnt-Sim homology (bHLH/PAS) protein known to bind planar polycyclic ligands including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzoflavones, heterocyclic amines, and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. dioxins. Ligand-induced activation of the dioxin receptor initiates a process whereby the receptor is transformed into a nuclear transcription factor complex with a specific bHLH/PAS partner protein, Arnt. In analogy to the glucocorticoid receptor, the latent dioxin receptor is found associated with the molecular chaperone hsp90. We have defined and isolated a minimal ligand binding domain of the dioxin receptor from the central PAS region, comprising of amino acids 230 to 421, and found this domain to interact with hsp90 in vitro. Expression of the minimal ligand binding domain in wheat germ lysates or bacteria, systems which harbor hsp90 homologs unable to interact with the glucocorticoid or dioxin receptors, resulted in non-ligand binding forms of this minimal 230 to 421 fragment. Importantly, affinity of the minimal ligand binding domain for dioxin was similar to the affinity inherent in the full-length dioxin receptor, and a profile of ligand structures which specifically bound the minimal ligand binding domain was found to be conserved between this domain and the native receptor. These experiments show that the minimal ligand binding domain maintains the quantitative and qualitative aspects of ligand binding exhibited by the full-length receptor, implying that the central ligand binding pocket may exist to accommodate all classes of specific dioxin receptor ligands, and that this pocket is critically dependent upon hsp90 for its ligand binding conformation.
Novel percutaneous adventitial drug delivery system for regional vascular treatment (2004)

A novel intracoronary microsyringe system (MicroSyringe) was developed for regulated drug injection into the adventitial space. In this report, the feasibility, safety, and distribution pattern of vascular treatment with this modality were tested in 17 swine by delivering Oregon green-labeled paclitaxel (OGP) and tacrolimus. Coronaries were harvested 0.5-96 hr postinjection and analyzed for drug by fluorescence histochemistry (OGP) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (tacrolimus). Histopathological analysis was subsequently performed. The microsyringe deliveries were performed safely in all cases. In the OGP-injected group, within 2 hr postprocedure there was intense staining of the adventitia, media, and endothelium around the injection site, and by 23 hr staining extended distally by 27.5 mm. With tacrolimus, similar longitudinal drug distribution was seen; furthermore, by 48 hr there was detectable drug over 40 mm proximal and distal to the injection site. Significant levels of tacrolimus were detectable in coronaries at 96 hr. Percutaneous adventitial delivery is safe, feasible, and provides consistent dosing for complete treatment of a vascular territory.
Data compression via textual substitution (1982)

A general model for data compression which includes most data compression systems in the fiterature as special cases is presented. Macro schemes are based on the principle of finding redundant strings or patterns and replacing them by pointers to a common copy. Different varieties of macro schemes may be defmed by specifying the meaning of a pointer; that is, a pointer may indicate a substring of the compressed string, a substring of the original string, or a substring of some other string such as an external dictionary. Other varieties of macro schemes may be defined by restricting the type of overlapping or recursion that may be used. Trade-offs between different varieties of macro schemes, exact lower bounds on the amount of compression obtainable, and the complexity of encoding and decoding are discussed, as well as how the work of other authors relates to this model.
Talisman (1995)

Talisman is a simulator that models the execution semantics and timing of a multicomputer. Talisman is unique in combining high semantic accuracy, high timing accuracy, portability, and good performance. This good performance allows users to run significant programs on large simulated multicomputers. The combination of high accuracy and good performance yields an ideal tool for evaluating architectural trade-offs. Talisman models the semantics of virtual memory, a circuit-switched internode interconnect, I/O devices, and instruction execution in both user and supervisor modes. It also models the timing of processor pipelines, caches, local memory buses, and a circuit-switched interconnect. Talisman executes the same program binary images as a hardware prototype at a cost of about 100 host instructions per simulated instruction. On a suite of accuracy benchmarks run on the hardware and the simulator, Talisman and the prototype differ in reported running times by only a few percent.
Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Diabetes, Statin-Controlled LDL Cholesterol, and Residual Hypertriglyceridemia (2018)

High triglyceride (TG) levels are common in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We evaluated T2D patients at high risk for CV events who had statin-controlled LDL cholesterol (LDLc) to determine whether the presence of high TG levels contribute to residual CV risk. We combined data from the Southern California and Northwest regions of Kaiser Permanente to identify adults on statin therapy with LDLc 40-100 mg/dL, no other lipid therapies, and with T2D and a prior diagnosis of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease or at least one other CV risk factor. Patients were grouped into high (200-499 mg/dL, n=5,542) or normal (&amp;lt;150 mg/dL, n=22,411) TGs in 2010 and followed them through December 2016 to compare the adjusted incidence rates and rate ratios of first non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, unstable angina, coronary revascularization, death, and their composite. Models were adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics using generalized linear models with Poisson errors. Over mean follow-up of 5 years, patients with high TG were at increased risk of CV outcomes (Table). High TG levels independently increase CV risk in T2D patients with statin-controlled LDLc. The ongoing CV outcome trial, REDUCE-IT, will determine if high dose pure prescription eicosapentaenoic acid reduces CV risk among statin users with persistently high TG levels, including T2D patients. Disclosure G. Nichols: Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Amarin Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi. S. Philip: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Amarin Corporation. Employee; Self; Amarin Corporation. C.B. Granowitz: Employee; Self; Amarin Corporation. K. Reynolds: Research Support; Self; Amarin Corporation, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Amgen Inc., CSL Behring. S. Fazio: Consultant; Self; Amarin Corporation, Akcea Therapeutics, Amgen Inc., Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc..
Production of lambs of predetermined sex after the insemination of ewes with low numbers of frozen–thawed sorted X- or Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa (2003)

The fertilizing ability of sex-sorted frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa was assessed after insemination of mature Merino ewes at a synchronized oestrus. Ewes were inseminated into the uterus or utero-tubal junction (UTJ) with a total of 140 x 10(6) unsorted (control) or 2-4 x 10(6) sorted (X or Y) frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa 54 to 57 hours after removal of progestagen-impregnated pessaries and an injection of 400 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (Folligon, Intervet). The spermatozoa were separated into X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa after analysis with a modified high-speed cell sorter (SX MoFlo). The number of ewes pregnant after insemination with unsorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa was significantly higher (26/48; 54.3%) than for ewes inseminated with either X- (12/48; 25.0%) or Y-sorted spermatozoa (7/48; 14.6%) (P<0.05). Seventeen of the eighteen lambs produced by ewes inseminated with X-sorted spermatozoa were female (94.4%) and 8/8 lambs from ewes inseminated with Y-sorted spermatozoa were male (100%). The sex ratio of the lambs born to ewes inseminated with sex-sorted spermatozoa was significantly skewed from the 51.3% male and 48.7% female ratio in the control group (P<0.05). This study showed, for the first time, that lambs of predicted sex can be produced after insemination with low numbers of sex-sorted cryopreserved ram spermatozoa.
Internet protocols for synchronous distance learning (2002)

The use of multimedia in telematics and new services has been greatly improved by the introduction of new systems and techniques. These new systems and techniques have made possible the implementation of many telematic applications such as tele-teaching, and collaborative or tele-medicine applications. We present design, protocol and implementation issues of an Internet based synchronous distant learning application. We describe in detail the design and implementation of each application's module and propose protocols which control communication among the application's components. The application is network-based, following the client-server model. The application runs over the Internet and more specifically over the Web. Users of the application access its services through Web pages.
A designer drug against influenza: the NA inhibitor oseltamivir (Tamiflu). (2003)

The description of the first two designer antiviral drugs to fight influenza was a ground breaking advance. Targeted against the influenza neuraminidase enzyme these inhibitors have been shown to reduce both the severity and duration of influenza illness. Importantly, it is expected that these neuraminidase inhibitors would be effective against influenza pandemic strain and could therefore be vital at reducing the potentially devastating consequences of such an outbreak. Despite the demonstrated efficacy of these drugs, they are not commonly used, particularly in the UK, and there is substantial concern that in the event of a pandemic or even a severe epidemic there could be substantial morbidity and mortality. SARS has shown that the public and media response to a serious epidemic is not always rational and this could easily become panic if it became apparent that treatment was possible, but not available.
Microfluidic electrical sorting of particles based on shape in a spiral microchannel (2014)

Shape is an intrinsic marker of cell cycle, an important factor for identifying a bioparticle, and also a useful indicator of cell state for disease diagnostics. Therefore, shape can be a specific marker in label-free particle and cell separation for various chemical and biological applications. We demonstrate in this work a continuous-flow electrical sorting of spherical and peanut-shaped particles of similar volumes in an asymmetric double-spiral microchannel. It exploits curvature-induced dielectrophoresis to focus particles to a tight stream in the first spiral without any sheath flow and subsequently displace them to shape-dependent flow paths in the second spiral without any external force. We also develop a numerical model to simulate and understand this shape-based particle sorting in spiral microchannels. The predicted particle trajectories agree qualitatively with the experimental observation.
Study of the submerged arc welding of titanium (1976)

This report presents the results of a study of halides as fluxes for submerged arc welding of titanium alloys. Criteria are defined for optimum performance, and tests are performed to screen candidate fluxes. CaF2-base fused fluxes are found to offer preferred welding characteristics.
Small-scale GMP production of plasmid DNA using a simplified and fully disposable production method (2019)

In the past years, the demand for small batches of clinical grade plasmid DNA has been growing. For that purpose, we designed and qualified a scaled-down Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) production method, able to produce small batches (1-4 mg) of plasmid. The developed method does not require any complex production equipment and utilizes only disposable production materials, which makes it easy to implement and simplifies line-clearance. We have successfully used this method to produce several small batches of two different plasmids. The produced plasmids, both formulated in an Electroporation Buffer, are mixed and filled into small, single-use, aliquots. Quality control confirmed the robustness of the developed method and a stability study showed that the final formulation is stable for at least two years. The final patient formulation will be subsequently used in a phase I/II clinical trial in which retina cells of patients with Age Related Macular Degeneration, are transfected. The presented production method can be generically used for other plasmid constructs and final formulation designs.
Circulating Chemerin Is Associated With Carotid Plaque Instability, Whereas Resistin Is Related to Cerebrovascular Symptomatology (2016)

Low chemerin and high resistin levels were associated with carotid disease severity, suggesting that these adipokines may act as potential markers for plaque instability and stroke risk. Future studies are needed to assess causation between circulating adipokines and plaque instability.
Photorespiratory Rates in Wheat and Maize as Determined by 18O-Labeling (1989)

A method was devised to quantify short-term photorespiratory rates in terrestrial plants using (18)O-intermediates of the glycolate pathway, specifically glycolate, glycine, and serine. The pathway intermediates were isolated and analyzed on a GC/MS to determine molecular percent (18)O-enrichment. Rates of glycolate synthesis were determined from (18)O-labeling kinetics of the intermediates, derived rate equations, and nonlinear regression techniques. Glycolate synthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a C(3) plant, and maize (Zea mays L.), a C(4) plant, was stimulated by high O(2) concentrations and inhibited by high CO(2) concentrations. The synthesis rates were 7.3, 2.1, and 0.7 micromoles per square decimeter per minute under a 21% O(2) and 0.035% CO(2) atmosphere for leaf tissue of wheat, maize seedlings, and 3-month-old maize, respectively. Photorespiratory CO(2) evolution rates were estimated to be 27, 6, and 2%, respectively, of net photosynthesis for the three groups of plants under the above atmosphere. The results from maize tissue support the hypothesis that C(4) plants photorespire, albeit at a reduced rate in comparison to C(3) plants, and that the CO(2)/O(2) ratio in the bundle sheath of maize is higher in mature tissue than in seedling tissue. The pool size of the three photorespiratory intermediates remained constant and were unaffected by changes in either CO(2) or O(2) concentrations throughout the 10-minute labeling period. This suggests that photorespiratory metabolism is regulated by other mechanism besides phosphoglycolate synthesis by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, at least under short-term conditions. Other mechanisms could be alternate modes of synthesis of the intermediates, regulation of some of the enzymes of the photorespiratory pathway, or regulation of carbon flow between organelles involved in photorespiration. The glycolate pool became nearly 100% (18)O-labeled under an atmosphere of 40% O(2). This pool failed to become 100% (18)O-enriched under lower O(2) concentrations.
Rethinking the thinking cap (2011)

Although a growing body of evidence suggests that noninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation have the capacity to enhance neural function in both brain-injured and neurally intact individuals, the implications of their potential use for cosmetic self-enhancement have not been fully explored. We review 3 areas in which noninvasive brain stimulation has the potential to enhance neurologic function: cognitive skills, mood, and social cognition. We then characterize the ethical problems that affect the practice of cosmetic neurology, including safety, character, justice, and autonomy, and discuss how these problems may apply to the use of noninvasive brain stimulation for self-enhancement.
Synthesis of Substituted Benzoxacycles via a Domino Ortho-Alkylation/Heck Coupling Sequence (2006)

The synthesis of a variety of alkylidene benzoxacycles via a domino palladium-catalyzed ortho-alkylation/intramolecular Heck reaction is described. Under the optimized conditions [Pd(OAc)2 (10 mol %), P(2-Furyl)3 (20 mol %), norbornene (4 equiv), Cs2CO3 (2 equiv), CH3CN, 80 degrees C], aryl iodides with oxygen-tethered Heck acceptors are coupled with alkyl bromides (5 equiv) to generate a variety of six- and seven-membered-ring benzoxacyclic products.
The bas-relief ambiguity (2002)

Since antiquity, artisans have created flattened forms, often called "bas-reliefs,"-which give an exaggerated perception of depth when viewed from a particular vantage point. This paper presents an explanation of this phenomena, showing that the ambiguity in determining the relief of an object is not confined to bas-relief sculpture but is implicit in the determination of the structure of any object. Formally, if the object's true surface is denoted by z/sub true/=f(x, y), then we define the "generalized bas-relief transformation" as z=/spl lambda/f(x, y)+/spl mu/x+/spl nu/y, with a corresponding transformation of the albedo. For each image of a Lambertian surface f(x, y) produced by a point light source at infinity, there exists an identical image of a bas-relief produced by a transformed light source. This equality holds for both shaded and shadowed regions. Thus, the set of possible images (illumination cone) is invariant over generalized bas-relief transformations. When /spl mu/=/spl nu/=0 (e.g. a classical bas-relief sculpture), we show that the set of possible motion fields are also identical. Thus, neither small unknown motions nor changes of illumination can resolve the bas-relief ambiguity. Implications of this ambiguity on structure recovery and shape representation are discussed.
Targeted Metabolomics (2012)

The metabolome is the terminal downstream product of the genome and consists of the total complement of all the low-molecular-weight molecules (metabolites) in a cell, tissue, or organism. Metabolomics aims to measure a wide breadth of small molecules in the context of physiological stimuli or disease states. Metabolomics methodologies fall into two distinct groups: untargeted metabolomics, an intended comprehensive analysis of all the measurable analytes in a sample including chemical unknowns, and targeted metabolomics, the measurement of defined groups of chemically characterized and biochemically annotated metabolites. The methodologies considered in this unit focus on the processes of conducting targeted metabolomics experiments, and the advantages of this general approach are highlighted herein. This unit outlines procedures for extracting nitrogenous metabolites (including amino acids), lipids, and intermediary metabolites (including TCA cycle oxoacids) from blood plasma. Specifically, protocols are described for analyzing these metabolites using targeted metabolomics experiments based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Potent and persistent antibody responses against the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike protein in recovered patients (2010)

The RBD of SARS-CoV is highly immunogenic in humans and mediates protective responses and RBD-based vaccines and diagnostic approaches can be further developed.
Polymeric filomicelles and nanoworms: two decades of synthesis and application (2016)

This review highlights the substantial progress in the syntheses and applications of filomicelles, an emerging nanomaterial with distinct and useful properties.