gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of ovariectomy and ovariectomy with ovarian autotransplantation on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of heifers. (1990)

Feedlot growth performance and carcass characteristics were examined in 96 crossbred heifers of continental breeding. Heifers were assigned to four treatment groups: intact control, sham ovariectomized, ovariectomized, and ovarian autografted. Ovarian autografted heifers were bilaterally ovariectomized via a left flank incision and one ovary was bisected sagittally and implanted in the musculature of the flank. Animals were fed a diet based on corn silage and were slaughtered at a weight of about 450 kg. There was no effect of treatment on feedlot performance or objectively measured carcass traits. However, carcasses of ovariectomized and ovarian autografted heifers had lower maturity scores than carcasses of the intact and sham-ovariectomy heifers. Blood samples were collected monthly throughout the study. Progesterone concentrations in these samples indicated that approximately 20% of the ovarian autografted heifers exhibited ovarian cyclicity. Examination of the transplanted ovaries at slaughter indicated that approximately 20% of the transplanted ovaries were resorbed. Cavitated, fluid-filled, thick-walled structures that were considered to be luteinized follicles were the most prominent structures found on the transplanted ovary; these were found in one-third of the ovarian autografted heifers. These results indicate that an ovary transplanted to the musculature can remain viable; however, its physiological function is disrupted and it does not affect rate or efficiency of gain or carcass composition compared to ovariectomized heifers.
Comment on “Cutting Edge: Anti-CD25 Monoclonal Antibody Injection Results in the Functional Inactivation, Not Depletion, of CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells” (2006)

The injection of anti-CD25 mAb to deplete CD25+ regulatory T cells (TR) in mice has been common practice to infer the function of TR. In a recent report, Kohm et al. ([1][1]) claimed that injection of anti-CD25 mAb in mice results in the functional inactivation, not depletion, of CD4+CD25+ TR. This
PERCUTANEOUS INJECTION OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2 IN A CALCIUM PHOSPHATE PASTE ACCELERATES HEALING OF A CANINE TIBIAL OSTEOTOMY (2004)

This study demonstrates the capacity of a single percutaneous injection of rhBMP-2 delivered in a resorbable calcium phosphate paste (alpha-BSM) four hours after surgery to accelerate the healing of tibial osteotomy sites in a canine model.
Resample hardware for 3D graphics (2002)

Texture mapping is a core technology of current real-time 3D graphics systems. To avoid aliasing artifacts, the texture mapping resample process requires proper filtering. We present a new resample algorithm for two-pass forward texture mapping that is suited to an efficient hardware implementation. This method delivers high quality anti-aliased images using filter techniques based on digital signal processing. We use an input sample driven texture resample and filtering algorithm that splats the contribution of each input sample (texel) to output samples (pixels). We show how the algorithm can be efficiently implemented in a hardware resample structure. The algorithm is incorporated and tested in a standard 3D graphics pipeline using the OpenGL interface. Our results exhibit better anti-aliasing of textures than anisotropic filtering found in current advanced graphics chips. We also show that the same texture filtering method can be used to implement edge anti-aliasing. Our edge anti-aliasing results show an absence of aliasing on most edges.
OX40 expression enhances the prognostic significance of CD8 positive lymphocyte infiltration in colorectal cancer (2015)

OX40(high)/CD8(high) density tumor infiltration represents an independent, favorable, prognostic marker in CRC with an overall survival similar to stage I cancers.
The neurosteroid allopregnanolone increases dopamine release and dopaminergic response to morphine in the rat nucleus accumbens (2002)

Neurosteroids are a subclass of steroids that can be synthesized in the central nervous system independently from peripheral sources. Clinical studies in humans have associated these hormones with depression and postpartum mood disorders. In rodents, allopregnanolone (AlloP) has been shown to have anxiolytic and rewarding properties. These observations suggest that neurosteroids could interact with mood and motivation. However, the possible neural substrates of these effects remain unknown. In this report, we have studied the action of AlloP on the activity of the mesencephalic dopaminergic (DA) projection to the nucleus accumbens, which is considered one of the biological substrates of motivation and reward. This study was conducted by measuring extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens by means of microdialysis in freely moving rats. We studied both the direct effect of AlloP and the influence of this hormone on the DA response to an injection of morphine. AlloP dose-dependently increased the release of DA in the nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, this hormone doubled the DA response to morphine. These effects were observed for AlloP doses of 50 and 100 pmol injected intracerebroventricularly. These results suggest that the stimulatory effect of AlloP on DA could mediate some of the behavioural effects of neurosteroids and, in particular, the interaction of these hormones with mood and motivation.
Autocrine production of interleukin 1beta confers constitutive nuclear factor kappaB activity and chemoresistance in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. (2002)

We have recently shown that several pancreatic carcinoma cell lines are resistant to topoisomerase IIalpha inhibitors due to elevated basal nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity, and blockade of this activity by various means strongly increased chemosensitivity. In search of possible mechanisms leading to exaggerated NF-kappaB activity, we identified interleukin (IL)-1beta as a key mediator of this activation in two of the chemoresistant cell lines (A818-4 and PancTu-1). These cells express and secrete high levels of IL-1beta, as demonstrated by reverse transcription-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and ELISA. Culture supernatants from both cell lines induced NF-kappaB activity in chemosensitive PT45-P1 pancreatic carcinoma cells and significantly attenuated etoposide-induced apoptosis in a NF-kappaB-dependent fashion, similar to that seen in PT45-P1 cells treated with recombinant IL-1beta. Treatment of these cells with IL-1beta also changed the DNA damage characteristics toward those observed in A818-4 and PancTu-1 cells. NF-kappaB activation and the gain of chemoresistance in PT45-P1 cells on treatment with supernatants from both chemoresistant cell lines was abolished in the presence of a blocking anti-IL-1 receptor (I) antibody. Furthermore, this antibody decreased the resistance of A818-4 and PancTu-1 cells to etoposide treatment along with reduced NF-kappaB activity. Blockade of NF-kappaB activation by MG132, sulfasalazine, or an IkappaBalpha superrepressor disrupted the IL-1beta-mediated amplification loop and the accompanying chemoresistance. Our data provide insights into an autocrine mechanism involving IL-1beta by which pancreatic carcinoma cells develop chemoresistance that could serve as a molecular target in anticancer therapy.
Diagnosing and treating hair loss. (2009)

Physicians should be careful not to underestimate the emotional impact of hair loss for some patients. Patients may present with focal patches of hair loss or more diffuse hair loss, which may include predominant hair thinning or increased hair shedding. Focal hair loss can be further broken down into scarring and nonscarring. Scarring alopecia is best evaluated by a dermatologist. The cause of focal hair loss may be diagnosed by the appearance of the patch and examination for fungal agents. A scalp biopsy may be necessary if the cause of hair loss is unclear. Alopecia areata presents with smooth hairless patches, which have a high spontaneous rate of resolution. Tinea capitis causes patches of alopecia that may be erythematous and scaly. Male and female pattern hair losses have recognizable patterns and can be treated with topical minoxidil, and also with finasteride in men. Sudden loss of hair is usually telogen effluvium, but can also be diffuse alopecia areata. In telogen effluvium, once the precipitating cause is removed, the hair will regrow.
Formulas for the Skin Effect (1942)

At radio frequencies, the penetration of currents and magnetic fields into the surface of conductors is governed by the skin effect. Many formulas are simplified if expressed in terms of the "depth of penetration," which has merely the dimension of length but involves the frequency and the conductivity and permeability of the conductive material. Another useful parameter is the "surface resistivity" determined by the skin effect, which has simply the dimension of resistance. These parameters are given for representative metals by a convenient chart covering a wide range of frequency. The "incremental-inductance rule" is given for determining not only the effective resistance of a circuit but also the added resistance caused by conductors in the neighborhood of the circuit. Simple formulas are given for the resistance of wires, transmission lines, and coils; for the shielding effect of sheet metal; for the resistance caused by a plane or cylindrical shield near a coil; and for the properties of a transformer with a laminated iron core.
Structure and Function in Glaucoma: The Relationship between a Functional Visual Field Map and an Anatomic Retinal Map (2006)

A good level of association was observed between the strength of correlation between points in the VF and the relative location of those test points in the peripheral retina and in corresponding RNFL bundles at the ONH. These results help to validate the relationship between structure and function and may be of use in the further refinement of physiologically derived VF filters to reduce measurement noise.
Suppression of NF-κB Activation and Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression by Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (2003)

The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors forms one of the first lines of defense against infectious disease by inducing the expression of genes involved in inflammatory and immune responses. In this study, we analyzed the impact of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) on the NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity in HeLa cells. After a period of weak initial activation, DNA binding of NF-kappaB was actively suppressed by viable, E. coli secreted protein B (EspB)-secreting STEC. Sustained NF-kappaB activity was observed either using an isogenic mutant lacking EspB or after gentamicin-based killing of STEC after allowing bacterial attachment. These observations indicate that the ability of STEC to cause NF-kappaB activation is suppressed by a translocated bacterial effector protein, which is either EspB itself or requires EspB for delivery into the host cell. We found that STEC, enterohemorrhagic E. coli, and enteropathogenic E. coli all interfere with NF-kappaB activation initiated by TNF-alpha, indicating that suppression of signal-induced NF-kappaB activity is a property common to several attaching and effacing bacteria. As a consequence of NF-kappaB suppression, wild-type STEC induces significantly lower mRNA levels of IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1alpha upon prolonged infection periods compared with bacteria lacking EspB. For IL-8 and IL-6, the suppressive effect was also reflected at the level of cytokine secretion. Suppression of both basal and signal-induced NF-kappaB DNA binding by attaching and effacing-inducing bacteria appears to be an active strategy to counteract host defense responses, thus favoring intestinal colonization by these pathogens.
Genome-Wide Search for Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Affected Sib-Pairs Confirms Susceptibility Genes on 3q, 15q, and 20q and Identifies Two New Candidate Loci on 7p and 11p (2002)

The genetic background that predisposes the Japanese population to type 2 diabetes is largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted a 10-cM genome-wide scan for type 2 diabetes traits in the 359 affected individuals from 159 families, yielding 224 affected sib-pairs of Japanese origin. Nonparametric multipoint linkage analyses performed in the whole population showed one suggestive linked region on 11p13-p12 (maximum logarithm of odds score [MLS] 3.08, near Pax6) and seven potentially linked regions (MLS >1.17) at 1p36-p32, 2q34, 3q26-q28, 6p23, 7p22-p21, 15q13-q21, and 20q12-q13 (near the gene for hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha [HNF-4alpha]). Subset analyses according to maximal BMI and early age at diagnosis added suggestive evidence of linkage with type 2 diabetes at 7p22-p21 (MLS 3.51), 15q13-q21 (MLS 3.91), and 20q12-q13 (MLS 2.32). These results support previous indication for linkage found on chromosome 3q, 15q, and 20q in other populations and identifies two new potential loci on 7p and 11p that may confer genetic risk for type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population.
Characterization of a human recombinant receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatase (1991)

The receptor-linked tyrosine phosphatase RPTP alpha from human brain (Kaplan, R., Morse, B., Huebner, K., Croce, C., Howk, R., Ravera, M., Ricca, G., Jaye, M., and Schlessinger, J. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 7000-7004) was expressed in insect cells following infection with recombinant baculovirus. Two major forms of the enzyme, with molecular sizes of 98 kDa and 114 kDa, were detected by immunoblot analysis. This heterogeneity could be ascribed to N-linked glycosylation on the basis of two lines of evidence; namely, blockage of glycosylation with tunicamycin in vivo and removal of carbohydrates by endoglycosidase F in vitro. The 114-kDa form was purified to homogeneity by chromatography on Superose 12 and Mono Q. Compared to the low Mr placenta and T-cell tyrosine phosphatases, RPTP alpha displayed a low optimum pH of 6 and a high Km in the micromolar range toward two artificial substrates (tyrosyl-phosphorylated myelin basic protein and modified lysozyme, respectively). Most effectors had a different and often an opposite influence on phosphatase activity depending on the nature of the substrate and the pH at which the assays were performed. Determination of Km and Vmax values for RPTP alpha suggests that the enzyme could exist in low and high substrate affinity states.
OFDM peak-to-average power reduction scheme with spectral masking (2023)

School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences<br><br>International Symposium of Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (4th : 2004 : Newcastle, United Kingdom)
Agastinol and Agastenol, Novel Lignans from Agastache rugosa and Their Evaluation in an Apoptosis Inhibition Assay (2002)

Investigation of the whole plant of Agastache rugosa resulted in the isolation of two new lignan compounds. Their structures were elucidated as (8S,7'R,8'S)-4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethyl ester (agastinol, 1) and (7'R,8'S)-4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-(hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethyl ester (agastenol, 2). Agastinol and agastenol inhibited etoposide-induced apoptosis in U937 cells with IC50 values of 15.2 and 11.4 microg/mL, respectively.
A Microfluidic Manipulator for Enrichment and Alignment of Moving Cells and Particles (2009)

Grooved structures have been widely studied in particle separation and fluid mixing in microfluidic channel systems. In this brief report, we demonstrate the use of patterning flows produced by two different sorts of grooved surfaces: single slanted groove series (for enrichment patterns) and V-shaped groove series (for focusing patterns), into a microfluidic device to continuously manipulate the flowing particles, including microbeads with 6 microm, 10 microm, and 20 microm in diameter and mouse dendritic cells of comparable sizes to the depth of the channel. The device with grooved channels was developed and fabricated by soft-lithographic techniques. The particle distributions after passing through the single slanted grooves illustrate the size-dependent enrichment profiles. On the other hand, particles passing through the V-shaped grooves show focusing patterns downstream, for the combination effect from both sides of single slanted grooves setup side-by-side. Compared with devices utilizing sheath flows, the focusing patterns generated in this report are unique without introducing additional flow control. The alignment of the concentrated particles is expected to facilitate the visualization of sizing and counting in cell-based devices. On the other hand, the size-dependent patterns of particle distributions have the potential for the application of size-based separation.
Effect of L-Carnitine on Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection-Associated Apoptosis: A Pilot Study (1998)

The Fas/Fas ligand system is involved in uncontrolled apoptosis, which ultimately leads to the loss of T lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The signal transduced by Fas receptor involves the activation of an acidic sphingomyelinase, sphingomyelin breakdown, and ceramide production. Our recent reports have shown that L-carnitine inhibits Fas-induced apoptosis and ceramide production both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to study, in a preliminary fashion, the impact of long-term L-carnitine administration on CD4 and CD8 absolute counts, rate, and apoptosis in HIV-1-infected subjects. The generation of cell-associated ceramide and HIV-1 viremia was also investigated. Eleven, asymptomatic, HIV-1-infected subjects, who refused any antiretroviral treatment despite experiencing a progressive decline of CD4 counts, were treated with daily infusions of L-carnitine (6 g) for 4 months. Immunologic and virologic measures and safety were monitored at the start of the treatment and then on days 15, 30, 90, and 150. L-carnitine therapy resulted in an increase of absolute CD4 counts, which was statistically significant on day 90 and 150 (P = . 010 and P = .019, respectively). A positive, not significant trend was also observed even in the change in absolute counts of CD8 lymphocytes. L-carnitine therapy also led to a drop in the frequency of apoptotic CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes. This reduction occurred gradually, but changes in actual values between each time point and baseline were strongly significant (P = .001 at the end of the study compared with the baseline). A strong reduction (P = .001) in cell-associated ceramide levels was found at the end of the study. In general, HIV-1 viremia increased slightly. No toxicity related to L-carnitine therapy was observed and dose reductions were not necessary. In HIV-1-infected subjects, long-term infusions of L-carnitine produced substantial increases in the rate and absolute counts of CD4 and, to a lesser degree, of CD8 lymphocytes. This was paralleled by a reduced frequency of apoptotic cells of both subgroups and a decline in the levels of ceramide. No clinically relevant change of HIV-1 viremia was observed.
Selective area heteroepitaxy of low dimensional a ‐plane and c ‐plane InGaN nanostructures using pulsed MOCVD (2008)

Abstract High density a ‐plane and c ‐plane InGaN nanostructures have been developed by nanoscale selective area epitaxial growth using pulsed MOCVD. SiO 2 was used as a mask with nanopatterning through an anodic aluminum oxide template. The lateral dimensions of the pattern were controlled and varied from 30 nm to 180 nm by changing the anodization voltage and the electrolyte. Different substrates such as a ‐plane GaN on r ‐plane sapphire, r ‐plane sapphire and c ‐plane sapphire were used to develop InGaN nanostructures in a ‐ and c ‐ crystallographic directions respectively. Under identical growth conditions, InGaN nanostructures of various shapes were obtained on different substrates with differences in emission wavelength. The shape of the nanostructures on different substrates is discussed with respect to the stability and growth rates of various planes. However, the difference in emission wavelength is attributed to the In incorporation in the nanostructures. The optical properties of the nanostructures were studied by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Instability of Equilibria in Experimental Markets: Upward-Sloping Demands, Externalities, and Fad-Like Incentives (1999)

The objective of the paper is to study markets in which the value of the activity to any one person increases with the level with which the activity is undertaken by others. The general interpretation could be fads, mimicking behavior, or some sort of belief formation process in which the beliefs or expectations of agents about some underlying state of nature are influenced by the buying behavior of other agents. The result is to create a market that can be modeled as having an upward-sloping market demand curve. The questions posed are (1) in the fad-like environment, does the classical concept of equilibrium (as an equating of market demand and market supply) accurately predict market behavior; (ii) can both stable and unstable equilibria be observed; and (iii) which of the two classical concepts of stability best describes the conditions under which instability is obeserved? Under the conditions of a fad-like demand side externality in a market organized by the multiple unit double auction (MUDA), market equilibration occurs at a point where demand equals supply. The disequilibrium behavior follows the dynamics of the Marshallian model of dynamics, as opposed to the Walrasian model. These results confirm and extend the major findings of Plott and George who studied a similar environment with a downward-sloping supply.
Inhibitory Effect of Melanoma Differentiation Associated Gene-7/Interleukin-24 on Invasion In Vitro of Human Melanoma Cancer Cells (2013)

The acquisition of metastasis potential is a critical point for malignant tumors. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) is a potential tumor suppress gene and frequently down-regulated in malignant tumors. It has been implicated that overexpression of MDA-7 led to proliferation inhibition in many types of human tumor. Invasion is an important process which is potential to promote tumor metastasis. However, the role and potential molecular mechanism of mda-7/IL-24 to inhibit the invasion of human melanoma cancer is not fully clear. In this report, we identified a solid role for mda-7/IL-24 in invasion inhibition of human melanoma cancer LiBr cells, including decreasing of adhesion and invasion in vitro, blocking cell cycle, down-regulating the expression of ICAM-1, MMP-2/9, CDK1, the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, NF-κB and AP-1 transcription activity. Meanwhile, there was an increased expression of PTEN in mda-7/IL-24 over-expression LiBr cells. Our results demonstrated that mda-7/IL-24 is a potential invasion suppress gene, which inhibits the invasion of LiBr cells by the down-regulation of ICAM-1, MMP-2/9, PTEN, and CDK1 expression. The molecular pathways involved were the MAPK/ERK, PI3K-Akt, NF-κB, and AP-1. These findings suggest that mda-7/IL-24 may be used as a possible therapeutic strategy for human melanoma cancer.