gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymers in contact lens applications VI. The ‘dissolved’ oxygen permeability of hydrogels and the design of materials for use in continuous-wear lenses (1976)

The ‘dissolved’ oxygen permeabilities (Pd) of a range of hydrogels have been studied at 25 and 34°C (the temperature of the eye). At both temperatures the equilibrium water content (W) was found to be the major controlling factor in determining oxygen permeability and log (Pd) was found to be linearly related to W. The values of Pd at 34°C were found to be approximately twice those at 25°C throughout the range of water contents studied. Available information on corneal oxygen consumption rates is used as a basis for the prediction of oxygen permeability/thickness requirements in continuous wear lenses. These data lead in turn to predicted minimum equilibrium water contents for hydrogels in this, type of application.
A RAPID AND FACILE CONVERSION OF PRIMARY AMIDES AND ALDOXIMES TO NITRILES AND KETOXIMES TO AMIDES WITH TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE ANDN-CHLOROSUCCINIMIDE (2002)

ABSTRACT Primary amides and aldoximes are easily converted to their corresponding nitriles using a mixture of triphenylphosphine and N-chlorosuccinimide in dichloromethane at room temperature. The reaction of aldoximes occurs almost immediately and primary amides in 0.5 h by this method. By this procedure secondary amides are produced by Beckmann rearrangement of ketoximes. Keywords: AmideAldoximeNitrileTriphenylphosphine N-chlorosuccinimide ACKNOWLEDGMENT We gratefully acknowledge the partial support of this work by Shiraz University Research Council.
Determining Protein−Protein Interactions by Oxidative Cross-Linking of a Glycine-Glycine-Histidine Fusion Protein (1998)

The Ni(II) complex of the tripeptide NH2-glycine-glycine-histidine-COOH (GGH) mediates efficient protein-protein cross-linking in the presence of oxidants such as oxone and monoperoxyphthalic acid (MMPP). Here we demonstrate that GGH fused to the amino terminus of a protein can still support cross-linking. The tripeptide was expressed at the amino terminus of ecotin, a dimeric macromolecular serine protease inhibitor found in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. In the presence of Ni(OAc)2 and MMPP, GGH-ecotin is cross-linked to give a species that has an apparent molecular mass of a GGH-ecotin dimer with no observable protein degradation. The cross-linking reaction occurs between two ecotin proteins in a dimer complex. Furthermore, GGH-ecotin can be cross-linked to a serine protease target, trypsin, and the reaction is specific for proteins that interact with ecotin. The cross-linking reaction has been carried out on small peptides, and the reaction products have been analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The target of the reaction is tyrosine, and the product is bityrosyl cross-links. The yield of the cross-linking is on the order of 15%. However, the reaction efficiency can be increased 4-fold by a single amino acid substitution in the carboxy terminus of ecotin that places an engineered tyrosine within 5 A of a naturally occurring tyrosine. This cross-linking methodology allows for the protein cross-linking reagent to be encoded for at the DNA level, thus circumventing the need for posttranslational modification.
Performance Evaluation of Water Mist with Mixed Surfactant Additives based on Absorption Property (2018)

The leaking of hazardous, flammable hydrocarbons, such as methane, possesses potential risk to generate accidents of fire or explosion. The conventional technique is water mist which can reduce the environment concentration of flammable gas and manage accidents of fire caused by hazardous hydrocarbons leaking, but pure water mist extremely restricts its popularization and application due to the poor solubility of hydrocarbons. Therefore, the mixed surfactant is used as water mist additive for its excellent physical and chemical nature, and its performance is investigated and evaluated experimentally. A formula of mixed surfactant additive has been developed and the physicochemical properties of water mist with mixed surfactant additive were measured. Additionally, the present work establishes a series of lab-scale experiments to study absorption capacity and gasoline pool fire suppression performance of water mist with mixed surfactant additives and the effect factors. The concentration transient within the test chamber has been evaluated during the absorption experiment. Results showed that water mist with mixed surfactant additives is shown to be efficient in absorbing methane, especially under the condition of low methane concentrations, water mist with 5% mixed surfactant, absorbing time less than 150s had best absorption capacity. Furthermore, the addition of mixed surfactant in water mist can shorten fire suppression time and restrain fire enhancement effectively at the beginning when extinguishes the oil pool fire. The water mist with mixed surfactant additives will greatly promote the large-scale application of water mist technology used to manage accidents of hazardous hydrocarbons leakage or fire.
Primary structure and inhibition of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cell‐free system of a novel thionin, γ‐hordothionin, from barley endosperm (1990)

A new sulfur-rich and basic polypeptide, designated as gamma-hordothionin, has been isolated from barley endosperm by a semi-preparative purification consisting of extraction with a volatile salt solution followed by high-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase C4 column. The isolated polypeptide was found to be homogeneous by micro-two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The complete primary structure of gamma-hordothionin was determined by automatic degradation of the intact, S-carboxymethylated and S-pyridylethylated gamma-hordothionin and fragments obtained by proteolytic cleavage. gamma-Hordothionin consists of a single polypeptide chain of 47 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 5250 Da and contains four disulfide bridges. gamma-Hordothionin inhibits translation in cell-free systems derived from mammalian (rabbit reticulocyte, mouse liver) as well as non-mammalian (Artemia embryo) cells, at several levels. At low concentrations (1-10 microM) the protein seems to affect mainly the polypeptide-chain-initiation process, although it might also act at the elongation level. At higher concentrations (20-80 microM) this inhibitor induces activation of an eukaryotic polypeptide-chain initiation factor 2 alpha-subunit (eIF-2 alpha) kinase in hemin-supplemented reticulocyte lysates, as does hemin deficiency. The presence of the disulfide bridges in gamma-hordothionin appears to be essential for the eIF-2 alpha kinase activation. Based on its similarity at both the structural and functional level with the different genetic variants of thionins (alpha and beta-thionins, from wheat and barley), gamma-hordothionin is a putative member of the thionin family.
Near‐Infrared Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Optical Imaging: Characterization and In Vivo Biodistribution (2008)

Abstract The characterization of near‐infrared (NIR) mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) suitable for in vivo optical imaging with high efficiency is presented. Trimethylammonium groups modified MSN (MSN‐TA) with the average size of 50–100 nm was synthesized with incorporation of the TA groups into the framework of MSN. It was further adsorbed with indocyanine green (ICG) by electrostatic attraction to render MSN‐TA‐ICG as an efficient NIR contrast agent for in vivo optical imaging. The studies in stability of MSN‐TA‐ICG against pH indicated the bonding is stable over the range from acidic to physiological pH. The in vivo biodistribution of MSN‐TA‐ICG in anesthetized rat demonstrated a rather strong and stable fluorescence of MSN‐TA‐ICG that prominent in the organ of liver. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging and elemental analysis of silicon further manifested the physical and quantitative residences of MSN‐TA‐ICG in major organs. This is the first report of MSN functionalized with NIR‐ICG capable of optical imaging in vivo.
The Escherichia coli Malonyl-CoA:Acyl Carrier Protein Transacylase at 1.5-Å Resolution. (1995)

Endogenous fatty acids are synthesized in all organisms in a pathway catalyzed by the fatty acid synthase complex. In bacteria, where the fatty acids are used primarily for incorporation into components of cell membranes, fatty acid synthase is made up of several independent cytoplasmic enzymes, each catalyzing one specific reaction. The initiation of the elongation step, which extends the length of the growing acyl chain by two carbons, requires the transfer of the malonyl moiety from malonyl-CoA onto the acyl carrier protein. We report here the crystal structure (refined at 1.5-A resolution to an R factor of 0.19) of the malonyl-CoA specific transferase from Escherichia coli. The protein has an alpha/beta type architecture, but its fold is unique. The active site inferred from the location of the catalytic Ser-92 contains a typical nucleophilic elbow as observed in alpha/beta hydrolases. Serine 92 is hydrogen bonded to His-201 in a fashion similar to various serine hydrolases. However, instead of a carboxyl acid typically found in catalytic triads, the main chain carbonyl of Gln-250 serves as a hydrogen bond acceptor in an interaction with His-201. Two other residues, Arg-117 and Glu-11, are also located in the active site, although their function is not clear.
Genetic Involvement of a cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase in a G Protein Signaling Pathway Regulating Morphological and Chemical Transitions in Aspergillus nidulans (2001)

In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, a heterotrimeric G protein alpha-subunit and an RGS domain protein, encoded by fadA and flbA, respectively, regulate production of the carcinogenic metabolite sterigmatocystin (ST) and asexual spores (i.e., conidia). We investigated the genetic involvement of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (PkaA), a potential downstream target of FadA activity, in ST production and conidiation. Relative to wild type, sporulation was decreased in the pkaA overexpression strain but was not totally absent, as occurs in DeltaflbA or fadA(G42R) (fadA-dominant active) strains. Deletion of pkaA resulted in a hyper-conidiating strain with limited radial growth. This phenotype was epistatic to mutation in flbA or fadA; the double mutants DeltapkaA; DeltaflbA and DeltapkaA; fadA(G42R) recovered sporulation and their radial growth was severely restricted. PkaA overexpression also negatively regulated AflR, the ST biosynthesis-specific transcription factor, both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Deletion of pkaA restored ST production in the DeltaflbA background but not in the fadA(G42R) background. These data provide genetic evidence that the FlbA/FadA signaling pathway regulating ST production and morphological development is partially mediated through PkaA.
The PAS domain confers target gene specificity of DrosophilabHLH/PAS proteins (1997)

Trachealess (Trh) and Single-minded (Sim) are highly similar Drosophila bHLH/PAS transcription factors. They activate nonoverlapping target genes and induce diverse cell fates. A single Drosophila gene encoding a bHLH/PAS protein homologous to the vertebrate ARNT protein was isolated and may serve as a partner for both Trh and Sim. We show that Trh and Sim complexes recognize similar DNA-binding sites in the embryo. To examine the basis for their distinct target gene specificity, the activity of Trh-Sim chimeric proteins was monitored in embryos. Replacement of the Trh PAS domain by the analogous region of Sim was sufficient to convert it into a functional Sim protein. The PAS domain thus mediates all the features conferring specificity and the distinct recognition of target genes. The normal expression pattern of additional proteins essential for the activity of the Trh or Sim complexes can be inferred from the induction pattern of target genes and binding-site reporters, triggered by ubiquitous expression of Trh or Sim. We postulate that the capacity of bHLH/PAS heterodimers to associate, through the PAS domain, with additional distinct proteins that bind target-gene DNA, is essential to confer specificity.
Inhibition of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase by tenofovir phosphate congeners (2010)

The structure-activity study on the phosphates of phosphonomethoxypropyl derivatives of purine bases interacting with human purine nucleoside phosphorylase has shown that the most efficient inhibitors of the enzyme are ( R )- and ( S )-PMPGp with K i ~ 1.9 × 10 –8 and/or 2.2 × 10 –8 mol/l. The kinetic experiments have proven, with the exception of both enantiomers of PMP-8-BrDAPp, strictly competitive character of inhibition for all ANP monophosphates tested. Bromine derivatives exhibited uncompetitive and mixed type of inhibition as well. These results were confirmed by docking studies. The substitution of purine moiety with the bromine at the position 8 lead to an allosteric binding of these compounds toward the enzyme.
Participation of recombination proteins in rescue of arrested replication forks in UV-irradiated Escherichia coli need not involve recombination (2001)

Alternative reproductive cycles make use of different strategies to generate different reproductive products. In Escherichia coli, recA and several other rec genes are required for the generation of recombinant genomes during Hfr conjugation. During normal asexual reproduction, many of these same genes are needed to generate clonal products from UV-irradiated cells. However, unlike conjugation, this latter process also requires the function of the nucleotide excision repair genes. Following UV irradiation, the recovery of DNA replication requires uvrA and uvrC, as well as recA, recF, and recR. The rec genes appear to be required to protect and maintain replication forks that are arrested at DNA lesions, based on the extensive degradation of the nascent DNA that occurs in their absence. The products of the recJ and recQ genes process the blocked replication forks before the resumption of replication and may affect the fidelity of the recovery process. We discuss a model in which several rec gene products process replication forks arrested by DNA damage to facilitate the repair of the blocking DNA lesions by nucleotide excision repair, thereby allowing processive replication to resume with no need for strand exchanges or recombination. The poor survival of cellular populations that depend on recombinational pathways (compared with that in their excision repair proficient counterparts) suggests that at least some of the rec genes may be designed to function together with nucleotide excision repair in a common and predominant pathway by which cells faithfully recover replication and survive following UV-induced DNA damage.
The Theory of Membrane Equilibria. (1924)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Theory of Membrane Equilibria.F. G. DonnanCite this: Chem. Rev. 1924, 1, 1, 73–90Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1924Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1924https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60001a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60001a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3830Altmetric-Citations598LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Register allocation & spilling via graph coloring (1982)

In a previous paper we reported the successful use of graph coloring techniques for doing global register allocation in an experimental PL/I optimizing compiler. When the compiler cannot color the register conflict graph with a number of colors equal to the number of available machine registers, it must add code to spill and reload registers to and from storage. Previously the compiler produced spill code whose quality sometimes left much to be desired, and the ad hoe techniques used took considerable amounts of compile time. We have now discovered how to extend the graph coloring approach so that it naturally solves the spilling problem. Spill decisions are now made on the basis of the register conflict graph and cost estimates of the value of keeping the result of a computation in a register rather than in storage. This new approach produces better object code and takes much less compile time.
Angiotensin II augments advanced glycation end product‐induced pericyte apoptosis through RAGE overexpression (2005)

Advanced glycation end product (AGE)-their receptor (RAGE) and angiotensin II (AII) are implicated in diabetic retinopathy. However, a crosstalk between the two is not fully understood. In vivo, AGE injection stimulated RAGE expression in the eye of spontaneously hypertensive rats, which was blocked by an AII-type 1 receptor blocker, telmisartan. In vitro, AII-type 1 receptor-mediated reactive oxygen species generation elicited RAGE gene expression in pericytes through NF-kappaB activation. Further, AII augmented AGE-induced pericyte apoptosis, the earliest hallmark of diabetic retinopathy. Our present study may implicate a crosstalk between AGE-RAGE system and AII in diabetic retinopathy.
Downlink Beamforming with Transmit-Side Channel Correlation: A Large System Analysis (2011)

In this paper, we consider a large system analysis of regularized channel inversion (RCI) beamforming for MISO broadcast channels (BC) with transmit-side channel correlation. In the analysis, we assume that both the number of users and transmit antennas grow unbounded with a constant ratio. We also assume that the channel correlation model is separable. Under this channel condition, we are particularly interested to find the optimal regularization parameter of RCI that maximizes the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). First, we derive the large system limit of the SINR of each user by applying some results on large random matrices. Then, we determine the cor- responding optimal regularization parameter and show that this optimal regularization parameter is not affected by the transmit correlation. We verify this result through simulations where the channel has the exponential transmit-correlation model.
Politische Seiteneinsteiger – Exoten in Parteien, Parlamenten, Ministerien (2009)

Die Ergebnisse der einschlägigen Erhebungen sind alarmierend, doch eindeutig: In der Bundesrepublik grassiert eine hartnäckige Politikerverdrossenheit. Die Bürger sind unzufrieden mit ihren politischen Repräsentanten in den Parlamenten, bemängeln die Arbeit der Regierung und hadern mit den Parteien. Es scheint schlecht um die politische Kultur Deutschlands bestellt zu sein. Jedenfalls wenn man den landläufigen Kritiken folgt. Da werden pessimistische Szenarien sich selbstgenügsam abschottender Parteipolitiker gezeichnet, ein „Kartell der Funktionäre“, das über die Vergabe politischer Positionen wache und eine über die Parteien gesteuerte Abschließung der Politik betreibe.1 Bis hin zu dem Vorwurf, die von den Parteien rekrutierten Nachwuchspolitiker, deren politische Karrieren oftmals schon in parteinahen Jugendorganisationen begannen, entbehrten jeglicher fachlichen Qualifizierung, bildeten insofern eine Art „negative Auslese“.2 Das Vertrauen in die Politiker ist zumindest gering, mehr noch: Es sank in den letzten Jahren scheinbar unaufhaltsam auf immer neue Tiefststände und droht bereits, das Vertrauen in die demokratischen Institutionen insgesamt zu gefährden.3
3D imager for dimensional gauging of industrial workpieces: state of the art of the development of a robust and versatile system (2002)

In our laboratory, the performance of a 3D imaging system, based on structured light projection, has been improved by means of the development of three procedures, which are based on (i) the Gray Code projection Method (GCM), (ii) the Phase Shift Method (PSM), and (iii) the combination of GCM and PSM. In this paper, all the procedures are described and the results of the measurement performed on target objects are presented. The analysis of the systematic height error due to the crossed axes optical geometry of the system is performed, and the procedure for its compensation is presented.
Transformation of human fibroblasts and keratinocytes with human papillomavirus type 16 DNA (1987)

Human keratinocytes and fibroblasts isolated from foreskin were transformed by transfection with recombinant human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA. The transformed cells exhibited an extended (fibroblasts) or indefinite (keratinocytes) life-span compared with that of normal controls. In addition, HS27, a human fibroblast cell line previously transfected with origin-defective simian virus 40, was successfully transfected. HPV16 sequences were stably maintained in the cells, and extensive amplification and rearrangements occurred with continuous culturing. Moreover, both fibroblasts and keratinocytes expressed several specific HPV16 mRNAs. Because HPV16-transfected cells had viral transcripts and because transfection with the vector alone did not extend the life-span of the cells, it is likely that the virus was responsible for the indefinite life-span. Transfected fibroblast and keratinocyte lines will be useful for investigating the molecular biology of HPV16 and the interactions between the viral DNA and the human genome. Moreover, transfected keratinocytes provide a model for analyzing the effects of HPV16 on the differentiation properties of human epithelial cells.
Regulation of Apoptosis by the Ft1 Protein, a New Modulator of Protein Kinase B/Akt (2004)

The serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt plays a central role in many cellular processes, including cell growth, glucose metabolism, and apoptosis. However, the identification and validation of novel regulators or effectors is key to future advances in understanding the multiple functions of PKB. Here we report the identification of a novel PKB binding protein, called Ft1, from a cDNA library screen using a green fluorescent protein-based protein-fragment complementation assay. We show that the Ft1 protein interacts directly with PKB, enhancing the phosphorylation of both of its regulatory sites by promoting its interaction with the upstream kinase PDK1. Further, the modulation of PKB activity by Ft1 has a strong effect on the apoptosis susceptibility of T lymphocytes treated with glucocorticoids. We demonstrate that this phenomenon occurs via a PDK1/PKB/GSK3/NF-ATc signaling cascade that controls the production of the proapoptotic hormone Fas ligand. The wide distribution of Ft1 in adult tissues suggests that it could be a general regulator of PKB activity in the control of differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in many cell types.
Oligonucleotides and Nucleotide-Peptides. XXXIX. Synthesis and Properties of the Simplest Models of Covalent Nucleic Acid (Nucleotide)-protein Complexes With The Phosphodiester Bond Between The ComponentsI (1982)

Abstract A number of nucleotidyl-(5-O)-amino acid (peptide) esters have been synthesized by the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and pyrophosphate methods. Their stability and mechanism of hydrolysis have been investigated.