gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mailing Decisions in the Catalog Sales Industry (1996)

Catalog sales are among the fastest growing businesses in the U.S. The most important asset a company in this industry has is its list of customers, called the house list. Building a house list is expensive, since the response rate of names from rental lists is low. Cash management therefore plays a central role in this capital intensive business. This paper studies optimal mailing policies in the catalog sales industry when there is limited access to capital. We consider a stochastic environment given by the random responses of customers and a dynamic evolution of the house list. Given the size of real problems, it is impossible to compute the optimal solutions. We therefore develop a heuristic based on the optimal solutions of simplified versions of the problem. The performance of this heuristic is evaluated by comparing its outcome with an upper bound derived for the original problem. Computational experiments show that it behaves satisfactorily. The methodology presented permits the evaluation of potential catalog ventures thus proving useful to entrepreneurs in this industry.
Automatic rigging and animation of 3D characters (2007)

Animating an articulated 3D character currently requires manual rigging to specify its internal skeletal structure and to define how the input motion deforms its surface. We present a method for animating characters automatically. Given a static character mesh and a generic skeleton, our method adapts the skeleton to the character and attaches it to the surface, allowing skeletal motion data to animate the character. Because a single skeleton can be used with a wide range of characters, our method, in conjunction with a library of motions for a few skeletons, enables a user-friendly animation system for novices and children. Our prototype implementation, called Pinocchio, typically takes under a minute to rig a character on a modern midrange PC.
Formation Mechanism of Solution-Processed Nanocrystalline InGaZnO Thin Film as Active Channel Layer in Thin-Film Transistor (2008)

Solution-processed indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin films as an active channel layer in thin-film transistors (TFTs) were successfully prepared by a spin-coating method using acetate- and nitrate-based precursors. In the range of , indium, gallium, and zinc precursors were dissociated and then hydrolyzed to metal hydroxides. compound was synthesized at and crystallized at . A spin-coated IGZO film annealed at had smooth morphology and fine grains with an average size of . In solution-processed IGZO TFTs using nanocrystalline films prepared at , the on-to-off ratio, a field effect mobility, and the subthreshold swing voltage were , , and /decade, respectively.
Soybean Aphid Feeding Injury and Soybean Yield, Yield Components, and Seed Composition (2008)

Information that describes soybean aphid ( Aphis glycines Matsumura) feeding injury effects on soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield and seed composition is needed to develop better management practices for this invasive pest. This 2‐yr controlled‐infestation field study measured aphid populations and the effects of those populations on soybean seed yield, yield components (shoot biomass, pods plant −1 , seeds pod −1 , and 100 seed weight), and seed composition (oil and protein concentrations) when infested at the vegetative (V5) or reproductive (R2) development stages. In 2003, initial infestation rates of 10, 50, or 100 aphids plant −1 applied at V5 resulted in population peaks of 21,000, 18,000, and 12,000 aphids plant −1 and maximum cumulative aphid‐days of 381,000, 327,000, and 242,000, respectively. In 2004, initial infestation rates of 1, 3, 10, 50, or 100 aphids plant −1 applied at V5 resulted in population peaks of 4,600, 9,400, 14,000, 22,000, and 21,000 aphids plant −1 and maximum cumulative aphid‐days of 101,000, 229,000, 355,000, 514,000, and 537,000. In both years, the same infestation rates applied at R2 resulted in population peaks and cumulative aphid‐day values that were about 42 to 88% lower than the V5 infestation dates. Seed yield, yield components, and seed oil concentration declined linearly as peak aphid numbers plant −1 and maximum cumulative aphid‐days plant −1 increased. In contrast, seed protein concentration increased linearly with increasing peak aphid numbers plant −1 . Relating these aphid population parameters at the plant growth stages studied enables producers to make informed decisions about the need for and timing of pest management treatments.
Comparative evaluation of adhesion, surface properties, and surface protein composition of Listeria monocytogenes strains after cultivation at constant pH of 5 and 7 (2006)

Conservation of food product at pH 5 will delay bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation during food processing on inert surfaces when the product is contaminated with L. monocytogenes.
Self Renewal of Embryonic Stem Cells in the Absence of Feeder Cells and Exogenous Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor (1997)

To evaluate the role of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) for maintaining pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells in culture, we established several exogenous LIF-independent ES cell lines by continuous passaging in culture. The newly established ES cells, Kli and CBli, sustained their growth and remained undifferentiated in LIF-deficient medium. Analysis of chimaeric animals, produced with the beta-galactosidase transgenic Kli ES cells, revealed that LIF-independent ES cells can contribute to all embryonic germ layers. There was no detectable LIF protein in ES cell conditioned medium, and no upregulation of LIF mRNA was found. The addition of neutralising anti-LIF antibodies was not sufficient to abrogate the self renewal of the Kli ES cells. These studies suggest that the signalling pathway involving diffusible LIF can be bypassed for maintaining the pluripotency in culture, and indicate a considerable heterogeneity in growth factor dependence and differentiation of different ES cells.
Differential intracellular trafficking, secretion and endosomal localization of two IL-15 isoforms (1999)

To analyze the intracellular trafficking of two IL-15 isoforms bearing 48- or 21-amino acid leader peptides (L), we have generated cDNA encoding the two proteins fused at the C terminus with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Confocal microscopy analyses showed that, when transfected in CHO cells, 48L IL-15/GFP was localized in the Golgi apparatus and in early endosomes, while 21L IL-15/GFP was detectable only in the cytosol. The presence of 48L IL-15/GFP in endosomes was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on endosome-enriched subcellular fractions. Exogenous IL-15 was bound and taken up in endosomes by untransfected CHO cells, indicating that endosomal localization was, at least in part, related to a receptor-mediated uptake. The 48L IL-15/GFP fusion protein was efficiently secreted by COS-7 or CHO cell transfectants, while IL-15 secretion was less efficient in transfectants expressing 21L IL-15/GFP or untagged 48L or 21L IL-15. Treatment with brefeldin A or with inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation further indicated that the 48L IL-15/GFP is secreted through the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi pathway. Our data suggest a different trafficking of the two IL-15 isoforms and multiple mechanisms controlling IL-15 secretion.
Probabilistic linkage of large public health data files (1995)

Probabilistic linkage technology makes it feasible and efficient to link large public health databases in a statistically justifiable manner. The problem addressed by the methodology is that of matching two files of individual data under conditions of uncertainty. Each field is subject to error which is measured by the probability that the field agrees given a record pair matches (called the m probability) and probabilities of chance agreement of its value states (called the u probability). Fellegi and Sunter pioneered record linkage theory. Advances in methodology include use of an EM algorithm for parameter estimation, optimization of matches by means of a linear sum assignment program, and more recently, a probability model that addresses both m and u probabilities for all value states of a field. This provides a means for obtaining greater precision from non-uniformly distributed fields, without the theoretical complications arising from frequency-based matching alone. The model includes an iterative parameter estimation procedure that is more robust than pre-match estimation techniques. The methodology was originally developed and tested by the author at the U.S. Census Bureau for census undercount estimation. The more recent advances and a new generalized software system were tested and validated by linking highway crashes to Emergency Medical Service (EMS) reports and to hospital admission records for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).
Bromodomain and Extra-terminal (BET) Bromodomain Inhibition Activate Transcription via Transient Release of Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b (P-TEFb) from 7SK Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein (2012)

By phosphorylating elongation factors and the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) is the critical kinase for transcription elongation and co-transcriptional processing of eukaryotic genes. It exists in inactive small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (7SK snRNP) and active (free P-TEFb) complexes in cells. The P-TEFb equilibrium determines the state of cellular activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Free P-TEFb, which is required for growth, can be recruited to RNA polymerase II via transcription factors, BRD4, or the super elongation complex (SEC). UV light, various signaling cascades, transcriptional blockade, or compounds such as hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and other histone deacetylase inhibitors lead to a rapid release of free P-TEFb, followed by its reassembly into the 7SK snRNP. As a consequence, transcription of HEXIM1, a critical 7SK snRNP subunit, and HIV is induced. In this study, we found that a bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1, which inhibits BRD4 by blocking its association with chromatin, also leads to the rapid release of free P-TEFb from the 7SK snRNP. Indeed, JQ1 transiently increased levels of free P-TEFb and BRD4·P-TEFb and SEC·P-TEFb complexes in cells. As a consequence, the levels of HEXIM1 and HIV proteins rose. Importantly, the knockdown of ELL2, a subunit of the SEC, blocked the ability of JQ1 to increase HIV transcription. Finally, the effects of JQ1 and HMBA or SAHA on the P-TEFb equilibrium were cooperative. We conclude that HMBA, SAHA, and JQ1 affect transcription elongation by a similar and convergent mechanism.
Leukemia-associated antigen-specific T-cell responses following combined PR1 and WT1 peptide vaccination in patients with myeloid malignancies (2007)

We describe the safety and immunogenicity of a combined vaccine of 2 leukemia-associated antigenic peptides, PR1 and WT1. Eight patients with myeloid malignancies received one subcutaneous dose each of PR1 and WT1 vaccines in Montanide adjuvant, with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Patients were reviewed weekly for 4 weeks to monitor toxicity and immunologic responses. Toxicity was limited to grades 1 to 2. Using peptide/HLA-A 0201 tetramers and intracellular interferon-gamma staining, CD8(+) T cells against PR1 or WT1 were detected in 8 of 8 patients after a single vaccination. To monitor the kinetics of vaccine-induced CD8(+) T-cell responses and disease regression after vaccination, absolute PR1 and WT1(+)CD8(+) T-cell numbers and WT1 expression were studied weekly after vaccination. Responses occurred as early as 1 week after vaccination. After vaccination, the emergence of PR1 or WT1(+)CD8(+) T cells was associated with a decrease in WT1 mRNA expression as a marker of minimal residual disease, suggesting a vaccine-driven antileukemia effect. Conversely, loss of response was associated with reappearance of WT1 transcripts (P < .01). This is the first demonstration that a combined PR1 and WT1 vaccine is immunogenic. These results support further studies of combination immunization strategies in leukemia patients.
Highly ordered two-dimensional carbon nanotube arrays (1999)

Highly ordered multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays have been fabricated by using porous anodic alumina templates prepared by a two-step anodization process. Nanotubes were very uniform in diameter. Two-dimensional tube arrays were highly ordered within domain boundaries, and their vertical alignment was nearly perfect. The density of nanotubes, 1.1×1010 tubes/cm2, was very high. Our fabrication technique enabled us to easily control the tube diameter, length, and density. There was no practical limitation to the size of the alumina template, so that very large panels of well-aligned carbon nanotubes could be made. Our results offer a potentially elegant technique for fabricating cold-cathode flat panel displays.
Energy saving features of the Autoplex cellular telecommunications system (2002)

Autoplex is a cellular mobile telecommunications system that uses a distributed power system as part of its total approach to providing high quality, high availability communications. First, the Autoplex system is described briefly. Then, the contribution of its distributed power system to overall system availability is discussed. Finally, the contribution of dynamic power control to energy savings in the Autoplex system is described. A statistical model of the interaction of dynamic power control with mobile telephones and its effect on power drawn from the DC power plant is also presented. It relates the mobile telephone's physical location to the RF power level transmitted by the cellular system. The RF power, in turn, is related to the DC power drawn from the battery plant. This statistical model is based on the mobile telephone subscriber's physical position and is the basis for determining the energy savings in the Autoplex system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Cyanomethylation of Indole (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Cyanomethylation of IndoleJ. N. Coker, O. B. Mathre, and W. H. ToddCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 2, 589–590Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01037a520https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01037a520research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Geochemistry and Pyrolysis of Oil Shales (1983)

Oil shales are defined according to economic criteria : they are rocks yielding commercial amounts of liquid hydrocarbons upon destructive distillation. They contain an organic matter (kerogen) similar to that of petroleum source-rocks. Specific geochemical characteristics of oil shales, as compared to petroleum source-rocks are presented hereunder : low natural thermal evolution, high carbon content, high hydrogen amount of the organic matter. The evolution of some geochemical parameters during pyrolysis is shown for different oil shales. Finally, specific features of the composition of shale oils compared to that of natural petroleums are indicated : presence of unsaturated hydrocarbons, higher amount of heteroatomic compounds.
Genomic and epigenetic alterations deregulate microRNA expression in human epithelial ovarian cancer (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small noncoding RNAs that function as negative gene regulators. miRNA deregulation is involved in the initiation and progression of human cancer; however, the underlying mechanism and its contributions to genome-wide transcriptional changes in cancer are still largely unknown. We studied miRNA deregulation in human epithelial ovarian cancer by integrative genomic approach, including miRNA microarray (n = 106), array-based comparative genomic hybridization (n = 109), cDNA microarray (n = 76), and tissue array (n = 504). miRNA expression is markedly down-regulated in malignant transformation and tumor progression. Genomic copy number loss and epigenetic silencing, respectively, may account for the down-regulation of approximately 15% and at least approximately 36% of miRNAs in advanced ovarian tumors and miRNA down-regulation contributes to a genome-wide transcriptional deregulation. Last, eight miRNAs located in the chromosome 14 miRNA cluster (Dlk1-Gtl2 domain) were identified as potential tumor suppressor genes. Therefore, our results suggest that miRNAs may offer new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in epithelial ovarian cancer.
The Surface Chemistry of Metal-Based Hydrogenation Catalysis (2017)

The promotion of hydrogenation reactions by transition-metal-based heterogeneous catalysts was established many decades ago but is still quite common in the chemical industry. Because of their importance, these processes have been studied in great detail from both fundamental and practical points of view, and much has been learned about them. However, some key questions remain unanswered, and solutions to specific industrial needs are still pending. In this Perspective, we discuss the state-of-the-art of our understanding of some of the fundamental issues associated with hydrogenation catalysis. From the mechanistic point of view, we use the example of olefin hydrogenation to assess the status of our knowledge on the adsorption of the organic reactants, the role that the strongly adsorbed carbonaceous deposits that form during reaction play in defining the catalytic kinetics, the mechanistic details of the hydrogen dissociative uptake and surface mobility during reaction, and the dynamic changes of the structure of the surface induced by the catalytic conditions. We then introduce the issue of selectivity in connection with the hydrogenation of alkynes, dienes, trienes, and aromatics; unsaturated aldehydes and imines; and cases where hydrogenation competes with other types of reactions such as dehydrogenations, skeletal rearrangements, cyclizations, and hydrogenolysis. Two general approaches to the control of selectivity are discussed: via the tuning of the structure of the catalytic surface, which can now be addressed by using nanoparticles with specific sizes and shapes, and by modifying the electronic properties of the metal, via the addition of a second element. Finally, we make reference to the interest in designing enantioselective hydrogenation processes using heterogeneous metal catalysts, and we briefly summarize the ideas that have developed from surface-science studies toward this goal and the advances made in understanding the most promising approach to date, which involves the addition of molecular chiral modifiers to the reaction mixtures.
Identification of a plastid response element that acts as an enhancer within the Chlamydomonas HSP70A promoter (2006)

Chloroplast-derived signals control a subset of nuclear genes in higher plants and eukaryotic algae. Among the types of signals identified are intermediates of chlorophyll biosynthesis such as Mg-protoporphyrin IX (MgProto). In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, it was suggested that this tetrapyrrole mediates the light induction of chaperone gene HSP70A. Here we have analyzed cis elements involved in the regulation of HSP70A by MgProto and light. We identified two promoters and between their transcription start sites two regulatory regions that each may confer inducibility by MgProto and light to both HSP70A promoters. These regulatory regions, when cloned in front of basal non-light inducible heterologous promoters, conferred inducibility by MgProto and light. The orientation and distance independent function of these cis-regulatory sequences qualifies them as enhancers that mediate the response of nuclear genes to a chloroplast signal. Mutational analysis of one of these regulatory regions and an alignment with promoters of other MgProto-inducible genes revealed the sequence motif (G/C)CGA(C/T)N(A/G)N15 (T/C/A)(A/T/G) which, as shown for HSP70A, may confer MgProto responsiveness. This cis-acting sequence element is employed for induction of HSP70A by both MgProto and light, lending support to the model that light induction of this gene is mediated via MgProto.
[The evaluation of hyposensitization with sugi pollen extracts in patients with nasal allergy to Japanese sugi pollen]. (1994)

We evaluated the clinical and pathophysiological efficacy of hyposensitization with Japanese sugi pollen extracts to sugi pollinosis. Twenty patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis received hyposensitization with Japanese cedar pollen extracts for one to 15 years with a mean of 9.5 years were compared with 18 patients without hyposensitization. The improvement of nasal symptoms was not found in patients with hyposensitization of sugi pollen extracts compared with patients with non-hyposensitization, but the number of mast cells in nasal scraping, nasal hypersensitivity to histamine, and specific sugi IgG4 antibody in serum was improved significantly compared with non-hyposensitization group. These findings suggest that the continuation of hyposensitization with sugi pollen extracts is recommendable as a basic treatment against seasonal nasal allergy.
COLD WEATHER DRIVEABILITY PERFORMANCE OF LATE MODEL CARS (1974)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Driveability performance of recent model cars has been adversely affected by design requirements for lowering exhaust gas emissions. Published reports have indicated a need for gasoline volatility modifications to minimize the impact of these engine design changes on driveability. This paper presents the results of a low-temperature program to investigate the driveability performance of ten 1973 U.S. vehicles and to determine the effect on performance of changes in gasoline volatility.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Driveability performance was affected much more by engine design variables Chan by changes in fuel volatility. In Cold Start and Driveaway operation-, some cars performed well on all fuels at all temperatures. Others gave poor performance on most fuels at all temperatures--with hesitation, stumble, stall on acceleration and stall immediately after start-up being most prevalent problems. During Warm Operation, the primary malfunction noted was surge which varied widely among the ten cars tested and was unrelated to fuel volatility. In several cars, Warm Operation problems approached or exceeded those found in Cold Start and Driveaway operation.&lt;/div&gt;