gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustofluidic separation of cells and particles (2019)

Acoustofluidics, the integration of acoustics and microfluidics, is a rapidly growing research field that is addressing challenges in biology, medicine, chemistry, engineering, and physics. In particular, acoustofluidic separation of biological targets from complex fluids has proven to be a powerful tool due to the label-free, biocompatible, and contact-free nature of the technology. By carefully designing and tuning the applied acoustic field, cells and other bioparticles can be isolated with high yield, purity, and biocompatibility. Recent advances in acoustofluidics, such as the development of automated, point-of-care devices for isolating sub-micron bioparticles, address many of the limitations of conventional separation tools. More importantly, advances in the research lab are quickly being adopted to solve clinical problems. In this review article, we discuss working principles of acoustofluidic separation, compare different approaches of acoustofluidic separation, and provide a synopsis of how it is being applied in both traditional applications, such as blood component separation, cell washing, and fluorescence activated cell sorting, as well as emerging applications, including circulating tumor cell and exosome isolation.
Electrical conductivity calculations: Structural disorder and the role of degenerate or resonant electron states (2010)

Within a single-electron picture and perturbation theory, expressions for the electrical conductivity (exemplified by the Kubo-Greenwood formula) exhibit divergences for degenerate states and states which are near resonance with an ac field. In this paper, we obtain expressions for the conductivity starting with a many-particle approach, and we emphasize the importance of quantum statistics for the expression for the conductivity. For weak topological disorder, the new conductivity expression can be reduced to semiclassical Boltzmann expressions at various levels of approximation. We show that contributions to current from degenerate states in a low-frequency field and states near or in resonance with an ac field are finite. For the ac case, to the first-order change in the degenerate states caused by external field, new components of current with zero frequency and double frequency are predicted. To the first-order change in the states which are near or in resonance with field, zero-frequency, double-frequency and triple-frequency components of current appear. Zero dc conductivity at $T=0\text{ }\text{K}$ in an intrinsic amorphous semiconductor can be directly demonstrated if we first calculate the change in many-electron wave functions caused by an external field. We show that for an intrinsic semiconductor, the conventional Kubo-Greenwood formula represents the contribution from single-particle excited states.
Increased transport of 44,000- to 49,000-dalton acidic proteins during regeneration of the goldfish optic nerve: a two-dimensional gel analysis (1983)

Proteins synthesized in goldfish retinal ganglion cells and rapidly transported to the terminals of regenerating optic nerves were analyzed by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Among the rapidly transported components, the most dramatic change observed during regeneration was for a family of polypeptides having molecular weights between 44,000 and 49,000 (44-49K) and isoelectric points of 4.6 to 4.9. Studies using [35S]methionine as a metabolic precursor in the eye showed that these proteins are present in both membranous and soluble fractions of the optic tectum, particularly during early stages of regeneration. Contralateral visual pathways, left intact to serve as controls, showed only very low levels of the proteins. These labeling changes were quantified in double-isotope studies, in which proteins from intact and regenerating sides were differentially labeled with [3H]proline and [14C]proline, comigrated on 2-D gels, and then counted for 3H/14C ratios. The labeling change for the 44-49K acidic proteins relative to the intact state was found to be over 100-fold in some day 19 regeneration samples and about 30-fold on day 40. Silver-stained gels of a tectal membrane fraction also revealed increased levels of the 44-49K acidic proteins during regeneration, indicating that the observed synthetic changes are accompanied by a net accumulation of the proteins.
ANTIBODIES AGAINST SERTOLI CELLS IN HUMAN INFERTILITY (1974)

SUMMARY Antibodies reacting with a cytoplasmic component of Sertoli cells were detected in the serum of a 20‐year‐old man with hypogonadism and azospermia. The appearances on testicular biopsy were of Leydig cell hypoplasia and maturation arrest of the germinal cells, but apparently normal Sertoli cells. These findings contrasted with those seen in ninety‐three infertile men, in whom Sertoli cell antibodies were not found but in whom antibodies against the germinal cells were found in ten cases (11%), whilst spermatozoal antibodies were detected in twenty‐four cases (26%) and other antibodies (thyroid cytoplasmic, gastric parietal cell, mitochondrial ‘M’ and antinuclear antibodies) in seventeen cases (18%). It is postulated that autoimmunity involving the germinal or Sertoli cells may be a cause of testicular disease. The only other case in which Sertoli cell antibodies have been found was that of an infertile woman with Sjögren's disease. This raises the possibility that there may be a Sertoli cell equivalent in the ovary containing a similar range of enzymes or other antigenic components and that autoimmunity involving these components may also be a cause of infertility in the female.
Effects of chemically defined tannins on poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity. (1991)

Three classes of chemically defined tannins, gallotannins, ellagitannins and condensed tannins were examined for their inhibitory activities against purified poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. Ellagitannins showed higher inhibitory activities than gallotannins. In contrast, condensed tannins, which consist of an epicathechin gallate (ECG) oligomer without a glucose core were not appreciably inhibitory. Kinetic analysis revealed that the inhibition of ellagitannins was competitive with respect to the substrate poly(ADP-ribose), whereas gallotannins exhibited mixed-type inhibition. These results suggest that conjugation with glucose of hexahydroxy-diphenoyl (HHDP) group, which is a unique component of ellagitannins, potentiated the inhibitory activity, and that the structure of ellagitannins may have a functional domain which competes with poly(ADP-ribose) on the poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase molecule.
Apolipoproteins, membrane cholesterol domains, and the regulation of cholesterol efflux. (1992)

Published data related to both cell membrane biology and apolipoprotein structure are reviewed and used to formulate a new model describing the mechanisms of cholesterol efflux from cell plasma membrane to high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. The central premise of this model is the existence of heterogenous domains of cholesterol within plasma membranes. We propose that cholesterol efflux from cell membranes is influenced by three factors: 1) the distribution of cholesterol between cholesterol-rich and cholesterol-poor membrane domains, 2) the diffusion of cholesterol molecules through the extracellular unstirred water layer, and 3) the transient interaction of segments of the amphipathic helix of the HDL apolipoprotein with cholesterol-poor membrane domains resulting in enhanced cholesterol efflux.
Differential regulation of amyloid-beta-protein mRNA expression within hippocampal neuronal subpopulations in Alzheimer disease. (1988)

We have mapped the neuroanatomical distribution of amyloid-beta-protein mRNA within neuronal subpopulations of the hippocampal formation in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis), normal aged human, and patients with Alzheimer disease. Amyloid-beta-protein mRNA appears to be expressed in all hippocampal neurons, but at different levels of abundance. In the central nervous system of monkey and normal aged human, image analysis shows that neurons of the dentate gyrus and cornu Ammonis fields contain a 2.5-times-greater hybridization signal than is present in neurons of the subiculum and entorhinal cortex. In contrast, in the Alzheimer disease hippocampal formation, the levels of amyloid-beta-protein mRNA in the cornu Ammonis field 3 and parasubiculum are equivalent. These findings suggest that within certain neuronal subpopulations cell type-specific regulation of amyloid-beta-protein gene expression may be altered in Alzheimer disease.
Microscale technologies for tissue engineering and biology (2006)

Microscale technologies are emerging as powerful tools for tissue engineering and biological studies. In this review, we present an overview of these technologies in various tissue engineering applications, such as for fabricating 3D microfabricated scaffolds, as templates for cell aggregate formation, or for fabricating materials in a spatially regulated manner. In addition, we give examples of the use of microscale technologies for controlling the cellular microenvironment in vitro and for performing high-throughput assays. The use of microfluidics, surface patterning, and patterned cocultures in regulating various aspects of cellular microenvironment is discussed, as well as the application of these technologies in directing cell fate and elucidating the underlying biology. Throughout this review, we will use specific examples where available and will provide trends and future directions in the field.
Spin pumping and anisotropic magnetoresistance voltages in magnetic bilayers: Theory and experiment (2011)

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the dc voltage generated in ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic metal bilayers under ferromagnetic resonance. The voltage is given by a superposition of the contributions from spin pumping (${V}_{\mathrm{SP}}$) and anisotropic magnetoresistance (${V}_{\mathrm{AMR}}$). A theoretical model is presented that separately determines ${V}_{\mathrm{SP}}$ and ${V}_{\mathrm{AMR}}$ as a function of the applied static field intensity as well the in-plane angle. The model is used to interpret a detailed set of data obtained in a series of ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{81}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{19}$/Pt samples excited by in-plane ferromagnetic resonance. The results show excellent agreement between theory and the measured voltages as a function of the Permalloy and Pt layer thicknesses. Our findings show that the quantitative separation of both effects is crucial to the interpretation of experiments and the determination of the spin Hall angle and spin-diffusion length.
Terminal differentiation surface antigens of myelomonocytic cells are expressed in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60) treated with chemical inducers (1981)

The expression of two surface antigens present on the cell membrane of both human granulocytes and monocytes was studied during the process of myelomonocytic differentiation using two monoclonal antibodies (B9.8.1 and B13.4.1). These surface antigens are not present on immature myeloid cells nor on nonmyeloid hematopoietic cells, but can be detected when the cells are terminally differentiated. Among the bone marrow cells, B13.4.1 binds to metamyelocytes and B9.8.1 to metamyelocytes and a fraction (30%) of myelocytes. HL60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells did not react with such monoclonal antibodies. However, when such cells were induced to differentiate in vitro into mature myeloid elements by treatment with retinoic acid or dimethyl sulfoxide, 70%--90% of the differentiated cells expressed both surface antigens. Cell sorting studies on these treated HL60 cells indicated that myelocytes and metamyelocytes were the most immature cells expressing such markers. Expression of the two surface antigens was also observed when HL60 cells were induced to differentiate into monocyte/macrophage cells by treatment with the tumor promoter 12-O- tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Thus, human promyelocytic leukemia cells induced to differentiate in vitro by treatment with specific chemical agents express membrane antigens in the same pattern as normal bone marrow myeloid cells at the corresponding stage of differentiation.
Automatic wavelength channel-by-channel equalizer (2002)

We demonstrate a wavelength equalizer that can automatically control individual channel powers in a 40 channel system, yet gives no distortion to channels that already have the same power as their neighbors. It has <6.8 dB insertion loss over 32 nm, 9-13 dB attenuation range, and <0.18 dB polarization/time-dependent loss.
Alterations in Signal Transduction Molecules in T Lymphocytes from Tumor-Bearing Mice (1992)

Impaired immune responses occur frequently in cancer patients or in tumor-bearing mice, but the mechanisms of the tumor-induced immune defects remain poorly understood. In an in vivo murine colon carcinoma model (MCA-38), animals bearing a tumor longer than 26 days develop CD8+ T cells with impaired cytotoxic function, decreased expression of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and granzyme B genes, and decreased ability to mediate an antitumor response in vivo. T lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice expressed T cell antigen receptors that contained low amounts of CD3 gamma and completely lacked CD3 zeta, which was replaced by the Fc epsilon gamma-chain. Expression of the tyrosine kinases p56lck and p59fyn was also reduced. These changes could be the basis of immune defects in tumor-bearing hosts.
SLS-Lite : enabling spoken language systems design for non-experts (2000)

In this thesis, I designed and implemented SLS-Lite, a utility for allowing non-experts to build and run spoken language systems. This involved the creation of both a web interface for the developer and a set of programs to support the construction and execution of the required internal systems. We concentrated on simplifying the task of configuring the language understanding components of a spoken language system. Any application-specific functionality required could be provided by the developer in a simple, CGI-based back-end. By learning the required grammar from a set of simple concepts and sentence examples provided by the developer, we were able to build a system where non-experts could build grammars and speech systems. Developers could also easily specify hierarchy in domains where a more complex grammar was appropriate. We demonstrated SLS-Lite by building several domains ourselves, and allowing others to build their own. These included domains for controlling the appliances i...
A Proposal of New Join Operators for Sensor Network Databases (2007)

Most sensor networks currently used to gather sensing data from a broad environment in which it is very difficult to deploy the existing networks (e.g., internet). Recently, researches on relational database approaches to sensor networks are being tried. There occur, however, some problems in applying directly the traditional relational database concepts into a sensor network. One reason is because the join operator only allows to perform operations on tuples which has exactly same join attribute values. For instance, let us assume a sensor network that two different classes of nodes are randomly scattered in the same area. We cannot get join results to know the relationship between two different classes of sensing values because there might be no nodes at a exactly same location. For a solution about the above described problem we propose in this paper new join operators. These new join operators can provide more effective data management and standard interfaces to application programs in sensor networks.
Low-rate TCP-targeted denial of service attacks (2003)

Denial of Service attacks are presenting an increasing threat to the global inter-networking infrastructure. While TCP's congestion control algorithm is highly robust to diverse network conditions, its implicit assumption of end-system cooperation results in a well-known vulnerability to attack by high-rate non-responsive flows. In this paper, we investigate a class of low-rate denial of service attacks which, unlike high-rate attacks, are difficult for routers and counter-DoS mechanisms to detect. Using a combination of analytical modeling, simulations, and Internet experiments, we show that maliciously chosen low-rate DoS traffic patterns that exploit TCP's retransmission time-out mechanism can throttle TCP flows to a small fraction of their ideal rate while eluding detection. Moreover, as such attacks exploit protocol homogeneity, we study fundamental limits of the ability of a class of randomized time-out mechanisms to thwart such low-rate DoS attacks.
Market-Based Resource Allocation in Grids (2006)

The core goal of resource management is to establish a mutual agreement between a resource producer and a resource consumer by which the provider agrees to supply a capability that can be used to perform some tasks on behalf of the consumer. Market-based approaches introduce money and pricing as the technique for coordination between consumers and producers of resources. In this paper, we propose a market-based mechanism to allocate computational resources (CPU time) with a single central Market in a local Grid. In such a network whenever any node can offer idle CPU time to the Grid and whenever a node has some tasks waiting for free CPU, it may request the resource from the Grid. In our approach, consumers and producers are autonomous agents that make their own decisions according to their capabilities and their local knowledge. Continuous Double Auction model is used as a technique using which these selfish agents can coordinate their work and make their decision. The performance of this mechanism is evaluated and is compared with the simple FCFS mechanism.
Perturbation Analysis and Experimental Verification of Intermodulation and Harmonic Distortion for an Anti-Series Varactor Pair (2005)

Nonlinear distortions in an anti-series varactor pair (ASVP) are analyzed by a perturbation method. To the authors' knowledge, this paper presents the first derivation of an analytical expression that explicitly shows intermodulation and harmonic distortions of the ASVP. In addition to canceling the expected even-order distortion, the third-order distortion can be suppressed simultaneously when a certain condition is satisfied. We also find that the second- and third-order distortions can be greatly suppressed without dependence on dc bias voltage if the varactors in the ASVP have an ideal abrupt p-n junction. These theoretical predictions are verified by measuring the second- and third-order harmonic distortions of an ASVP. The experimental results show that the second-order harmonic distortion is suppressed by approximately 20 dB. The third-order harmonic distortion is suppressed to the same extent in the theoretically predicted dc bias voltage range.
Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in sputum samples by PCR (1994)

A method for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in sputum samples by PCR has been developed. The assay employs oligonucleotide primers specific for a portion of the autolysin gene lytA of S. pneumoniae. Other closely related streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis do not give a positive result in the assay. The assay was capable of detecting between 10 and 100 CFU of S. pneumoniae in distilled water and 1.4 x 10(4) CFU/ml in simulated sputum samples. Sputum samples from 33 patients with acute pneumonia were collected and subjected to culture, PCR, and C-polysaccharide antigen detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A significant isolate of S. pneumoniae was isolated from 14 patients, of which 13 were positive by PCR and C-polysaccharide antigen ELISA. No positive results were obtained for the 19 patients in whom other pathogens or upper respiratory tract floras only were isolated. The sensitivity of the autolysin PCR is 92.8%, the specificity is 100%, the predictive value of a positive result is 100%, and the predictive value of a negative result is 95%. This suggests that autolysin PCR is suitable for the detection of S. pneumoniae in clinical samples.
A dielectiric liquid-based capcitive tactile sensor for normal and shear force sensing (2013)

In this paper, we propose a novel dielectric liquid-based tactile sensor with three axial sensing ability and high sensitivity. The sensor which consists of 3 capacitors uses Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structure to encapsulate two liquids, i.e. a polyalcohol droplet (with higher dielectric constant) and oil (with lower dielectric constant, surrounding). The three axial force signals are detected by the capacitance change due to the mechanical deformations of the capacitors and the position change of the droplet. The proposed sensor's sensitivities in z-, x-and y-axes are 2.02 pF/N, 0.472 pF/N and 0.496 pF/N, respectively. The high sensitivity with promising spatial resolution would satisfy requirements of humanoid robotic applications.
Maxillary sinus augmentation with anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss) and autologous platelet-rich plasma: preliminary clinical and histologic evaluations. (2003)

The present article introduces preliminary clinical and histologic evidence on the combination of a platelet-rich plasma and anorganic bovine bone in maxillary sinus augmentation procedures. The clinical and histologic results from 10 patients underline the different clinical and biologic advantages offered by the combined use of a well-known osteoconductive material, anorganic bovine bone, and a new technique that consists of stimulating bone regeneration using the local increase of growth factors contained in autologous platelet-rich plasma.
Internalization of a major group human rhinovirus does not require cytoplasmic or transmembrane domains of ICAM-1 (1992)

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CD54), a cell adhesion molecule and the receptor for the major group of rhinoviruses, is a class 1 membrane protein with five Ig-like domains in its extracellular region, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic domain. The amino-terminal domains (D1 and D2) are sufficient for virus binding and the first is most important (1). We have investigated whether other extracellular domains, transmembrane or cytoplasmic domains are required for virus entry as determined by postinfection virion protein biosynthesis. We demonstrate that cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and Ig-like domains 3, 4, and 5 are not essential for rhinovirus entry into transfected COS cells. The efficiency of rhinovirus infection directly correlates with the efficiency of rhinovirus binding and a form of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 that is glycophosphatidyl-inositol anchored, and thus does not extend into the inner leaflet of the membrane bilayer or the cytoplasm efficiently supports virus entry.
Design, fabrication and characterization of subwavelength computer-generated holograms for spot array generation (2004)

We report the analysis, design, fabrication and experimental characterization of novel subwavelength computer-generated holograms that produce uniform symmetric spot array. We distinguish between a polarization-sensitive and polarization-insensitive far-field reconstruction and show that a linearly polarized incident illumination is required in the former case in order to generate a symmetric reconstruction. The polarization-insensitive case generates a symmetric response independent of the illumination polarization. We show that this response is equivalent to that of a scalar-based computer-generated hologram but with an additional, independent, term that describes the undiffracted zeroth order. These findings simplify the design and optimization of form birefringent computer-generated holograms (F-BCGH) significantly. We present experimental results that verify our analysis and highlight the advantage of these novel elements over scalar-designed elements.