gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophages Mediating the Simultaneous Lysogenic Conversion of -Lysin, Staphylokinase and Enterotoxin A: Molecular Mechanism of Triple Conversion (1989)

A new group of serotype F bacteriophages of Staphylococcus aureus has been found which mediates the simultaneous triple-lysogenic conversion of enterotoxin A, staphylokinase and beta-lysin. The phages were recovered fro methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus isolated in Irish hospitals between 1971 and 1988 and from strain PS42-D, which has been used as the propagating strain for the S. aureus typing phage 42D since before 1965. The molecular mechanism of triple conversion mediated by three of these phages was determined by molecular cloning, restriction endonuclease site mapping and hybridization analysis, and compared with the mechanism of beta-lysin and staphylokinase conversion mediated by the serotype F, double-converting phase phi 13. THe genetic determinants mediating expression of enterotoxin A (entA) and staphylokinase (sak) were cloned from the DNA of the triple-converting phage and expression of the cloned determinants detected in Escherichia coli and S. aureus. The entA and sak determinants were closely linked in the phage DNA adjacent to the phage attachment site (attP) in each case and furthermore, the sak determinant of phage phi 13 was also located near its attP. The restriction maps of the entA-, sak- and attP-containing DNA regions of the three triple-converting phages were very similar to each other and to the corresponding sak- and attP- containing DNA region of phage phi 13. Hybridization analysis using a cloned beta-lysin determinant (hlb) and cloned attP-containing DNA fragments as probes demonstrated that beta-lysin conversion mediated by the triple-converting phages and phage phi 13 was caused by insertional inactivation of the chromosomally encoded hlb determinant by orientation-specific integration of phage DNA following lysogenization.
Ultrahigh Capacitance Density for Multiple ALD-Grown MIM Capacitor Stacks in 3-D Silicon (2008)

ldquoTrenchrdquo capacitors containing multiple metal-insulator-metal (MIM) layer stacks are realized by atomic-layer deposition (ALD), yielding an ultrahigh capacitance density of 440 at a breakdown voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DB</sub> > 6 V. This capacitance density on silicon is at least 10times higher than the values reported by other research groups. On a silicon substrate containing high-aspect-ratio macropore arrays, alternating MIM layer stacks comprising high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> dielectrics and TiN electrodes are deposited using optimized ALD processing such that the conductivity of the TiN layers is not attacked. Ozone annealing subsequent to each Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> deposition step yields significant improvement of the dielectric isolation and breakdown properties.
A matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, ONO-4817, retards the development of mammary tumor and the progression of uterine adenomyosis in mice. (2003)

The inhibitory effects of a novel matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, ONO-4817, on the development of mammary tumors and the progression of uterine adenomyosis were examined in SHN mice. First, multiparous mice which developed mammary tumors spontaneously were used. The first palpable tumor was removed, and the mice were thereafter fed chow containing ONO-4817. Any second mammary tumor developing in the other mammary fat pad was also removed, and the mice were continuously fed the chow containing ONO-4817. The mice were killed when a third tumor was detected in the other fat pad. The periods between the occurrence of the first and second tumors, and the second and third ones were significantly increased in the mice treated with ONO-4817 compared to the mice not given ONO-4817 treatment. Second, to test ONO-4817 suppression of the progression of the invasion of uterine adenomyotic tissue, mice with experimentally-induced adenomyosis were treated with ONO-4817 for 4 weeks. The degree of pathological progression of adenomyosis was less in the uteri exposed to ONO-4817 than in the uteri not exposed to the inhibitor.
High-Power GaAs FET Amplifiers (1993)

Introduction and basic theory high-power GaAs FETs computer-aided design of GaAs FET power amplifiers high-power GaAs FET amplifier design thermal effects and reliability combining techniques systems applications of GaAs FET power amplifiers.
Single-frequency thulium-doped silica DFB fiber laser at 1735 nm (2004)

We have developed a single-frequency thulium doped silica fiber laser with a Distributed FeedBack (DFB) cavity operating at a wavelength of 1735 <i>nm</i>. The laser cavity is 5 <i>cm</i> long formed by a UV-written Bragg grating with a phase shift and is pumped by a Ti:Sapphire laser at 790 <i>nm</i>. The laser operates in a single-polarization mode and is tunable over a few nanometers. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first short cavity, single frequency fiber laser using thulium as the amplifying medium. The lasing wavelength is among the lowest demonstrated in a thulium-doped fiber laser and it falls in an attractive near-to-mid infrared wavelength region only offered by few sources. Single-frequency DFB fiber lasers are compact and stable optical sources, which offer low-noise coherent output with ultra-narrow-linewidth. Typical applications for DFB fiber lasers are as sources for coherent sensing, spectroscopy and several high-end applications. Using optical fiber doped with erbium and/or ytterbium these sources provide emission within the wavelength bands of 980 - 1200 <i>nm</i> and 1525 - 1620 <i>nm</i>. A thulium doped DFB laser opens a new broad wavelength range from 1.7 <i>&mu;m </i>- 2.0 <i>&mu;m</i>, depending on co-dopants. This wavelength range is especially interesting for use in gas sensors, frequency mixing and as a source for eye-safe LIDAR applications.
A Perfluorinated Nanosphere: Synthesis and Structure of Perfluoro-deca-B-methyl-para-carborane (2001)

Exhaustive fluorination of deca-B-methyl-para-carborane (1) furnishes perfluoro-deca-B-methyl-para-carborane (2) almost quantitatively [Eq. (1)]. Compound 2 represents the first neutral perfluorinated sphere mimicking a “Teflon ball”. The properties of 2 as well as its X-ray structure are discussed.
Structural and Functional Aspects of RGD-Containing Cyclic Pentapeptides as Highly Potent and Selective Integrin αVβ3Antagonists (1996)

The αVβ3 integrin is implicated in human tumor metastasis and in angiogenesis. The design of low-molecular-mass αVβ3 antagonists by “spatial screening” led to the highly active peptides c(RGDFV) and c(RGDFV). Here the influence of the amino acids in positions 4 and 5 flanking the RGD-sequence on the inhibition of vitronectin and fibrinogen binding to the isolated αVβ3 and αIIbβ3 receptors was investigated. The influence of the side chain and the backbone conformation on activity and selectivity was studied. The compounds were divided into conformational classes. For each class at least one representative peptide was subjected to detailed structure determination in solution. The peptides of classes 1, 2, and 3 show a βII‘/γ-turn arrangement with the d-amino acid in the i + 1 position of the βII‘-turn. By contrast, the peptides of class 4 reveal a modified βII‘/γ-turn pattern with glycine in the i + 1 position of the βII‘-turn and the d-amino acid in the i + 1 position of the γ-turn. Class 1 is divided into two subclasses: besides the βII‘/γ-turn arrangement a γ/γ-turn motif is found for two members of this class. Structure−activity relationship (SAR) investigations show that the amino acid in position 4 and the proton of the amide bond between residues 3 and 4 are essential for high biological activities toward αVβ3. By contrast, the amino acid in position 5 has no influence on the activity. A bent conformation of the RGD-sequence, as observed for the peptides of classes 1 and 2, fits the αVβ3 better than the αIIbβ3 receptor and so increases the selectivity of these peptides.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived From Human Somatic Cells (2008)

Because the mammalian embryo is regulated by epigenetic rather than genetic events, differentiation is—in principle—reversible. Somatic cell nuclear transfer permits trans-acting factors resident in the mammalian oocyte to reprogram somatic cell nuclei to an undifferentiated state. The investigators have found that 4 genes (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28) are sufficient to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells that possess the defining features of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Each of 4 induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells had the typical human ES cell morphology and a normal karyotype after up to 17 months of culture. Each iPS clone expressed telomerase activity and human ES cell-specific cell surface antigens. All of the reprogrammed iPS clones were able to give rise to differentiated derivatives of all 3 primary germ layers. When human newborn foreskin fibroblasts were transduced, each clone consisted of cells having a human ES cell morphology and genes characteristic of human ES cells. When last examined after 14 weeks, all of the iPS clones were proliferating vigorously. Each clone exhibited multilineage differentiation in both embryoid bodies and teratomas. Except for the fact that human iPS cells are not derived from embryos, they meet defining criteria for human ES cells. They should prove helpful when studying the development and function of human tissues. Once technical limitations such as mutation through viral integration are effectively addressed, the cells should find use in transplantation treatments. With the exception of autoimmune diseases, patient-specific iPS cell lines should mostly eliminate concern over immune rejection.
Cloning of novel soluble gp130 and detection of its neutralizing autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (2000)

In an attempt to isolate disease-associated autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we cloned a new autoantigen named gp130-RAPS, which is a novel soluble form of the IL-6 signal-transducing molecule gp130. gp130-RAPS is a 50-kDa protein translated from alternatively spliced mRNA and has a truncated form of gp130 with a unique sequence, Asn-Ile-Ala-Ser-Phe (NIASF), in its COOH-terminus. We observed serum antibodies to this NIASF sequence frequently in patients with RA, but not in those with other systemic rheumatic diseases or in healthy subjects. In RA, detection of those antibodies was significantly associated with disease activity indices such as serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, blood platelet counts, and serum IL-6 concentration. In vitro experiments revealed that gp130-RAPS inhibited IL-6 activity, and this inhibition was neutralized by antibodies to the COOH-terminus of gp130-RAPS derived from patients with RA. Thus, autoantibody to gp130-RAPS may play an important role in the progression of RA by promoting IL-6 activity. Inspection of autoantibodies to gp130-RAPS may become a practical clinical test for RA. gp130-RAPS and its autoantibody provide a new clue to the complicated pathogenesis of RA.
Droplet-based microfluidics and engineering of tissue plasminogen activator for biomedical applications (2009)

Le phage display est une méthode généralement utilisée pour l'évolution dirigée de protéines, elle permet de produire une immense diversité de variants de protéines exprimés sur la membrane de particules virales. Ces variants de protéines peuvent être sélectionnés soit pour leur affinité de liaison (p. ex. les anticorps) soit pour leur activité catalytique (p.ex. les enzymes). La sélection d'enzymes pour leur activité catalytique requiert néanmoins l'utilisation de substrats et/ou produits immobilisés, ce qui empêche la sélection de protéines sur plusieurs cycles catalytiques. Le but de ce projet de thèse était de développer une méthode nous permettant d'outrepasser ces limites : la compartimentation dans des systèmes microfluidiques de particules virales exprimant des variants de protéines unique sur leur surface. L'encapsulation de ces particules dans des gouttes nous a permit d'utiliser des substrats/produits solubles et donc la sélection pour de multiples cycles catalytiques a été possible. L'utilisation d'un système d'expression mammifère a permit aux protéines de subir les modifications post-traductionnelles (ponts disulfure, glycosylations) nécessaires. Ce système permet de monitorer l'activité enzymatique, de variants de protéines uniques d'une banque, exprimés sur la membrane de particules virales. En plus, nous avons développé un système nous permettant de trier des virus en utilisant comme critère la présence ou l'absence d'activité enzymatique.
Marriott International Reports First Quarter 2021 Results (2021)

The first quarter of 2021 RevPAR declined 46.3 percent worldwide, 46.3 percent in the U.S. and Canada, and 46.1 percent in international markets compared to 2020 first quarter. While recovery varies from region to region the resiliency of demand has been demonstrated in main land China where occupancies are near pre-pandemic levels.
Education and Ideology: A Critical Discourse Approach (2008)

Aspiring to become a member state of the EU, Croatia, it is expected, would treat the EU higher education system as a benchmark and aim to align both Croatian higher education system and the ideologies underlying that system with those of the EU. However, a comparative critical discourse analysis of the Bologna Declaration (BD) and the Croatian Higher Education Act (CHEA) shows the discourse of Croatia's higher education to institutionalise and legitimise an ideology different to that of the EU. Whereas the EU institutionalises and legitimises an ideology founded on empowerment and consent, Croatia institutionalises and legitimises an ideology founded on authority and compliance. To overcome this mismatch, Croatia's government, this article suggests, will have to heighten the level of its critical language awareness and learn how to use the discourse of education to establish an ideology compatible to the ideology of the EU.
A Newly Characterized HLA DQ β Allele Associated with Pemphigus Vulgaris (1988)

The inheritance of particular alleles of major histocompatibility complex class II genes increases the risk for various human autoimmune diseases; however, only a small percentage of individuals having an allele associated with susceptibility develop disease. The identification of allelic variants more precisely correlated with disease susceptibility would greatly facilitate clinical screening and diagnosis. Oligonucleotide-primed gene amplification in vitro was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of a class II variant found almost exclusively in patients with the autoimmune skin disease pemphigus vulgaris. In addition to clinical implications, the disease-restricted distribution of this variant should provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying associations between diseases and HLA-class II genes.
Introduction (2009)

Privatizations are a standard feature of the transition toward a market economy and the restructuring of state. They stand out among the other components of structural adjustment reforms, such as trade and capital account liberalization or tax reform, by their direct and immediate impact on specific societal groups. The shortterm effects of privatizations are not general and dispersed on society as a whole. A blue-collar worker dismissed as a result of privatizations, for instance, will certainly feel the immediate effects of privatizations much more so than a small-business owner or a white-collar professional, who will simply note privatizations on television news reports. Privatization programs as such have direct, immediate, and strong effects on blue-collar workers worldwide. These unique characteristics of privatizations render their social and political consequences on labor much more significant and readily observable.
Using dynamic time warping to find patterns in time series (1994)

Knowledge discovery in databases presents many interesting challenges within the context of providing computer tools for exploring large data archives. Electronic data repositories are growing quickly and contain data from commercial, scientific, and other domains. Much of this data is inherently temporal, such as stock prices or NASA telemetry data. Detecting patterns in such data streams or time series is an important knowledge discovery task. This paper describes some preliminary experiments with a dynamic programming approach to the problem. The pattern detection algorithm is based on the dynamic time warping technique used in the speech recognition field.
Budget impact model of tobramycin inhalation solution for treatment ofPseudomonas aeruginosain cystic fibrosis patients (2010)

Model results suggest that increasing the use of TIS decreases medical care costs due to decreased hospital admissions and the use of IV anti-PA antibiotics at the expense of higher drug costs.
Cyclone: A Safe Dialect of C (2002)

Cyclone is a safe dialect of C. It has been designed from the ground up to prevent the bu#er overflows, format string attacks, and memory management errors that are common in C programs, while retaining C&amp;apos;s syntax and semantics. This paper examines safety violations enabled by C&amp;apos;s design, and shows how Cyclone avoids them, without giving up C&amp;apos;s hallmark control over low-level details such as data representation and memory management.
RNase H-mediated degradation of toxic RNA in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (2012)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an RNA-dominant disease caused by abnormal transcripts containing expanded CUG repeats. The CUG transcripts aggregate in the nucleus to form RNA foci and lead to nuclear depletion of Muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1) and stabilized expression of CUGBP Elav like family 1 (CELF1), both of which are splicing regulatory proteins. The imbalance of these proteins results in misregulation of alternative splicing and neuromuscular abnormalities. Here, we report the use of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) as a therapeutic approach to target the pathogenic RNA in DM1. We designed chimeric ASOs, termed gapmers, containing modified nucleic acid residues to induce RNase H-mediated degradation of CUG-repeat transcripts. The gapmers selectively knockdown expanded CUG transcripts and are sufficient to disrupt RNA foci both in cell culture and mouse models for DM1. Furthermore, combination of gapmers with morpholino ASOs that help release binding of MBNL1 to the toxic RNA can potentially enhance the knockdown effect. Additional optimization will be required for systemic delivery; however, our study provides an alternative strategy for the use of ASOs in DM1 therapy.
The deferrable server algorithm for enhanced aperiodic responsiveness in hard real-time environments (1995)

Most existing scheduling algorithms for hard real-time systems apply either to periodic tasks or aperiodic tasks but not to both. In practice, real-time systems require an integrated, consistent approach to scheduling that is able to simultaneously meet the timing requirements of hard deadline periodic tasks, hard deadline aperiodic (alert-class) tasks, and soft deadline aperiodic tasks. This paper introduces the Deferrable Server (DS) algorithm which will be shown to provide improved aperiodic response time performance over traditional background and polling approaches. Taking advantage of the fact that, typically, there is no benefit in early completion of the periodic tasks, the Deferrable Server (DS) algorithm assigns higher priority to the aperiodic tasks up until the point where the periodic tasks would start to miss their deadlines. Guaranteed alert-class aperiodic service and greatly reduced response times for soft deadline aperiodic tasks are important features of the DS algorithm, and both are obtained with the hard deadlines of the periodic tasks still being guaranteed. The results of a simulation study performed to evaluate the response time performance of the new algorithm against traditional background and polling approaches are presented. In all cases, the response times of aperiodic tasks are significantly reduced (often by an order of magnitude) while still maintaining guaranteed periodic task deadlines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Late degenerative changes after meniscectomy. Factors affecting the knee after operation (1984)

Late degenerative changes are known to follow meniscectomy, but there is little agreement on their incidence or on which patients are most at risk. A total of 210 patients have been reviewed 10 to 22 years after meniscectomy, and long leg radiographs taken of both knees. Radiological degeneration was seen in 18%, while 7% had significant symptoms and signs. Statistical analysis showed increased changes in older patients, in those with abnormal leg alignment, and in those who had undergone lateral as against medial meniscectomy. Our findings emphasise the important mechanical function of the meniscus and support the current cautious approach to meniscectomy, especially for patients in high risk groups. They also indicate the value of early high tibial osteotomy for symptomatic varus deformity after medial meniscectomy.
Synergistic antimicrobial therapy using nanoparticles and antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection (2017)

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a serious global burden of mortality, causing thousands of deaths each year. Antibiotic treatment of resistant infections further contributes to the rapidly increasing number of antibiotic-resistant species and strains. Synthetic macromolecules such as nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit broad-spectrum activity against MDR species, however lack of specificity towards bacteria relative to their mammalian hosts limits their widespread therapeutic application. Here, we demonstrate synergistic antimicrobial therapy using hydrophobically functionalized NPs and fluoroquinolone antibiotics for treatment of MDR bacterial strains. An 8–16-fold decrease in antibiotic dosage is achieved in presence of engineered NPs to combat MDR strains. This strategy demonstrates the potential of using NPs to 'revive' antibiotics that have been rendered ineffective due to the development of resistance by pathogenic bacteria.