gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parvovirus vectors: use and optimisation in cancer gene therapy (2004)

With the increasing incidence and mortality of cancer worldwide, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. Gene therapy is one such approach and preliminary data are promising. Viral and nonviral vector systems for gene delivery are available, but most of the current systems suffer from disadvantages such as low transfection efficiencies, in vivo instability, targeting problems, mutagenic potential and immunogenicity. Viruses of the Parvoviridae family, which are characterised by their oncotropism, oncosuppression, long-term gene expression and human apathogenicity, potentially offer advantages as viral vectors. This article evaluates their usefulness in gene therapy strategies for cancer.
Application of high impedance fault detectors: a summary of the panel session held at the 1995 IEEE PES summer meeting (2002)

This paper is a summary of the six presentations made at a panel discussion held at the 1995 Summer Power Meeting. The material presented by each author has been edited and condensed. The papers cover: a utility perspective on fault detectors; sensitivity and selectivity of overcurrent protective devices; fault detection technology; and application of high impedance fault detectors in a utility with long rural lines.
Purification and Properties of Neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae (1961)

Summary: A method is described for the purification of neuraminidase from culture fluids of Vibrio cholerae. Five steps are involved: fractionation with methanol, adsorption to and elution from human red cells, fractionation with ammonium sulphate, chromatography on columns of hydroxyl apatite, crystallization. From 35 l. of culture filtrate, an average yield of 21% of the original enzyme activity was obtained as crystals. The degree of purification was about 5000 fold. Purified neuraminidase possessed 12·6 × 106 units of biological activity/mg. dry weight, and gave a value for E 1% 28 mμ of 8·96, measured at 0·025% (w/v). Enzyme activity was stimulated by calcium ions and inhibited by ethylenediaminetetra-acetate. In the presence of 0·001 m-CaCl2, neuraminidase showed maximum activity at pH 5·6. With sialyl lactose as substrate, a value of 1·2 × 10−3 m was found for the Michaelis constant. At an enzyme concentration of 0·16 μg./ml., V max. was 0·021 μ m N-acetylneuraminic acid/min./ml. The enzyme was stable when dried from the frozen state and stored under vacuum at 0°. A suspension of crystals in water also retained activity when stored at 0°. Solutions of crystalline neuraminidase showed a small increase in activity when stored at 0° for several weeks. This effect was greatest at pH 6·7 and 8·5 but was barely detectable at pH 4·6. At pH 5·6 or 6·7, the enzyme lost about 20% of its activity over a period of 2 hr. at 37° (concentration = 15 μg./ml.) No proteolytic activity nor N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase activity was detected in the crystalline preparation.
Altered fluxes responsible for reduced hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenesis by exogenous glucose in rats (1997)

The net release of glucose from the liver, or hepatic glucose production (HGP), and apparent gluconeogenesis (GNG) are reduced by exogenous glucose. We investigated the changes in metabolic fluxes responsible. Flux through the hepatic GNG pathway was quantified by mass isotopomer distribution analysis (MIDA) from [2-13C]glycerol. Unidirectional flux across hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), or total hepatic glucose output (THGO), and hepatic glucose cycling (HGC) were also measured by using glucuronate (GlcUA) to correct for glucose 6-phosphate (G-6-P) labeling. Infusion of glucose (15-30 mg.kg-1.min-1 iv) to 24 h-fasted rats caused two important metabolic alterations. First was a significant increase in hepatic glucose uptake and HGC: > 60% of THGO was from HGC. Second, although flux through hepatic G-6-P increased (from 15.7 to 17.7-22.7 mg.kg-1.min-1), the partitioning of G-6-P flux changed markedly [from 30-35% to 55-60% entering UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc), P < 0.01]. Total flux through the GNG pathway remained active during intravenous glucose, but increased partitioning into UDP-Glc lowered GNG flux plasma glucose by 50%. In summary, the suppression of HGP and GNG flux into glucose is not primarily due to reduced carbon flow through hepatic G-6-Pase or the hepatic GNG pathway. THGO persists, but hepatic G-6-P is derived increasingly from plasma glucose, and flow through GNG persists, but the partitioning coefficient of G-6-P into UDP-Glc doubles. These adjustments permit net HGP to fall despite increased total production of hepatic G-6-P during administration of glucose.
cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterases (PDE3 gene family) (1996)

Conference Article| November 01 1996 cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterases (PDE3 gene family) E. Degerman; E. Degerman *Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. Belfrage; P. Belfrage *Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar V. C. Manganiello V. C. Manganiello ‡ †Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine Branch, NHLBI, Room SN-307, Building 10, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1434, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1434, U.S.A. ‡To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (4): 1010–1014. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0241010 Article history Received: July 12 1996 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation E. Degerman, P. Belfrage, V. C. Manganiello; cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterases (PDE3 gene family). Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1996; 24 (4): 1010–1014. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0241010 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: PDE, phosphodiesterase, cGI, cGMP-inhibited, H, human, R, rat, PI3-K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, IRS-1, insulin-receptor substrate-1 This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Lasofoxifene enhances vaginal mucus formation without causing hypertrophy and increases estrogen receptor β and androgen receptor in rats (2006)

These results demonstrated that lasofoxifene stimulated vaginal mucus formation without causing cell proliferation in the rat reproductive tract. These effects may be due to the increased vaginal estrogen receptor beta and androgen receptor levels. This cellular and molecular profile of lasofoxifene in the vagina may account for its efficacy in the treatment of vaginal and vulvar atrophy in postmenopausal women.
The PhotoSpread Query Language (2007)

This document defines the data model as well as the syntax and semantics of the formula language employed by PhotoSpread. It is inspired by Excel with specialized and enriched functionality for managing and tagging large photo collections in a spreadsheet. PhotoSpread allows for capturing, storing, arranging, manipulating, and querying arbitrary tagged photo objects with an intuitive and easy-to-learn, yet expressive formula language.
Structurally altered Evi-1 protein generated in the 3q21q26 syndrome. (1996)

Overexpression of the Evi-1 gene appears to be a consistent feature of the 3q21q26 syndrome, an association of myeloid leukemias/myelodysplastic syndrome with a specific chromosomal aberration involving both 3q21 and 3q26, such as t(3;3)(q21;q26) or inv(3)(q21q26). The rearrangement in 3q26 has been reported to occur near the Evi-1 locus, implicating that it is the critical gene deregulated in the 3q21q26 syndrome. Here we present a structural abnormality of Evi-1 protein in a case with the 3q21q26 syndrome. In this case carrying typical inv(3)(q21q26), the 3q26 breakpoint is located within an intron of the Evi-1 gene, and resulted in overexpression of normally unexpressed, an aberrant form of Evi-1 protein, in which the C-terminal 44 amino acids of wild-type Evi-1 protein were truncated and replaced by five amino acids. The truncated Evi-1 protein is shown to increase AP1 activity when expressed in NIH3T3 cells as its wild-type counterpart. We also show that the origin of this peculiar type of rearrangement of the Evi-1 gene is not an artifact during establishment of the cell line, but is the event that occurred in the primary leukemic cells. Our results strongly support that the primary target for the 3q21q26 syndrome is the Evi-1 gene, and provide the first evidence that the structurally altered Evi-1 gene may be involved in the 3q21q26 syndrome.
Motion from blur (2008)

Motion blur retains some information about motion, based on which motion may be recovered from blurred images. This is a difficult problem, as the situations of motion blur can be quite complicated, such as they may be space-variant, nonlinear, and local. This paper addresses a very challenging problem: can we recover motion blindly from a single motion-blurred image? A major contribution of this paper is a new finding of an elegant motion blur constraint. Exhibiting a very similar mathematical form as the optical flow constraint, this linear constraint applies locally to pixels in the image. Therefore, a number of challenging problems can be addressed, including estimating global affine motion blur, estimating global rotational motion blur, estimating and segmenting multiple motion blur, and estimating nonparametric motion blur field. Extensive experiments on blur estimation and image deblurring on both synthesized and real data demonstrate the accuracy and general applicability of the proposed approach.
New medium for selection and presumptive identification of the Bacteroides fragilis group (1978)

A medium, Bacteroides fragilis bile-esculin (BBE) agar, was designed for the selection and, presumptive identification of the B. fragilis group. BBE agar contains bile, esculin, ferric ammonium citrate, hemin, and gentamicin in a Trypticase soy agar base. Growth in the presence of 20% bile and esculin hydrolysis, detected by blackening of the medium, provide presumptive evidence for the identification of the B. fragilis group. In addition to stimulating the growth of many strains of the B. fragilis group, hemin provides the option of testing isolates for catalase production. Gentamicin and bile prevent the growth of most organisms other than the esculin-positive bacteroides that can tolerate bile. Of 160 clinical isolates of the B. fragilis group tested on BBE agar, 159 grew well on the medium and 157 blackened it. Other anaerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, and enterococci either failed to grow on BBE agar or did not produce the characteristic morphology and blackening associated with isolates of the B. fragilis group. In a clinical laboratory trial, 687 specimens from patients were inoculated onto BBE agar plates. The B. fragilis group was recovered from 81 (11.8%) of these specimens in 24 to 48 h. Use of BBE agar in the clinical laboratory enables earlier recovery and identification of this important pathogen.
STUDIES ON THE ADJUVANT ACTION OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS ON ANTIBODY FORMATION. VI. ENHANCEMENT OF ANTIBODY FORMATION BY NUCLEIC ACIDS. (1965)

Summary Experiments designed to test the hypothesis that the adjuvant action of endotoxins might be mediated through cell damage, release of nucleic acids, and subsequent stimulation of division of potential antibody forming cells, are reported. When given to the inbred mouse, BALB strain, with, or up to 14 hr after, a single injection of bovine γ-globulin (BGG), 5 fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (FUDR) enhanced the antibody response. In contrast, FUDR, given 18 hr or more after antigen, inhibited the synthesis of antibody, unless endotoxin had been given with the antigen. In the latter instance, the antibody response was not only permitted, but accentuated. The postulated intermediates, nucleic acids, were shown to decrease the induction period and enhance the level of anti-BGG when given with antigen. Digestion of the nucleic acids with nucleases did not affect their adjuvant action unless low molecular weight products were removed by dialysis. The latter, when concentrated from the dialysate by lyophilization, were shown to have retained adjuvant activity.
Accurate Quantitation of Dystrophin Protein in Human Skeletal Muscle Using Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Quantitation of human dystrophin protein in muscle biopsies is a clinically relevant endpoint for both diagnosis and response to dystrophin-replacement therapies for dystrophinopathies. A robust and accurate assay would enable the use of dystrophin as a surrogate biomarker, particularly in exploratory Phase 2 trials. Currently available methods to quantitate dystrophin rely on immunoblot or immunohistochemistry methods that are not considered robust. Here we present a mass spectrometry based approach to accurately quantitate dystrophin protein in a total protein extract from human muscle biopsies. Our approach uses a combination of stable isotope labeled dystrophin as a spike-in standard, gel electrophoresis and high precision mass spectrometry to detect and quantitate multiple peptides of dystrophin within a complex protein mixture. The method was found highly reproducible and linear over a wide dynamic range, detecting as low as 5% of dystrophin relative to the normal amount in healthy individuals.
High-Sensitivity ST2 for Prediction of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure (2010)

ST2 is a potent marker of risk in chronic heart failure and when used in combination with NT-proBNP offers moderate improvement in assessing prognosis beyond clinical risk scores.
Diabetes risk score: towards earlier detection of Type 2 diabetes in general practice (2000)

A simple score, using only data that are routinely collected in general practice, can help identify those at risk of diabetes. This score could contribute to efficient earlier detection through case-finding or targeted screening.
Deletion of TMPRSS6 attenuates the phenotype in a mouse model of β-thalassemia (2012)

Inappropriately low expression of the key iron regulator hepcidin (HAMP) causes iron overload in untransfused patients affected by β-thalassemia intermedia and Hamp modulation provides improvement of the thalassemic phenotype of the Hbb(th3/+) mouse. HAMP expression is activated by iron through the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-son of mothers against decapentaplegic signaling pathway and inhibited by ineffective erythropoiesis through an unknown "erythroid regulator." The BMP pathway is inactivated by the serine protease TMPRSS6 that cleaves the BMP coreceptor hemojuvelin. Here, we show that homozygous loss of Tmprss6 in Hbb(th3/+) mice improves anemia and reduces ineffective erythropoiesis, splenomegaly, and iron loading. All these effects are mediated by Hamp up-regulation, which inhibits iron absorption and recycling. Because Hbb(th3/+) mice lacking Tmprss6 show residual ineffective erythropoiesis, our results indicate that Tmprss6 is essential for Hamp inhibition by the erythroid regulator. We also obtained partial correction of the phenotype in Tmprss6 haploinsufficient Hbb(th3/+) male but not female mice and showed that the observed sex difference reflects an unequal balance between iron and erythropoiesis-mediated Hamp regulation. Our study indicates that preventing iron overload improves β-thalassemia and strengthens the essential role of Tmprss6 for Hamp suppression, providing a proof of concept that Tmprss6 manipulation can offer a novel therapeutic option in this condition.
Comparison of IgE and IgG antibody-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro and in a SCID mouse xenograft model of ovarian carcinoma (1999)

Allergic reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies bound to high-affinity receptors on mast cells in peripheral tissues and are characterized by their immediacy and hypersensitivity. These properties could also be advantageous in immunotherapy against cancer growth in peripheral tissues. We have constructed chimeric IgE and IgG1 antibodies with murine V regions and human C regions corresponding to the MOv18 monoclonal antibody against the human ovarian tumor-associated antigen, folate binding protein. The antibodies exhibited the expected binding affinities for antigen and Fc receptors, and effector activities with human basophils and platelets in vitro. The protective activities of MOv18-IgE and MOv18-IgG1 were compared in a SCID mouse xenograft model of ovarian carcinoma. The beneficial effects of MOv18-IgE were greater and of longer duration than those of MOv18-IgG1. Our results suggest that the allergic reaction could be harnessed for the suppression of ovarian tumors.
Characterization of a new lipopeptide surfactant produced by thermotolerant and halotolerant subsurface Bacillus licheniformis BAS50 (1995)

Strain BAS50, isolated from a petroleum reservoir at a depth of 1,500 m and identified as Bacillus licheniformis, grew and produced a lipopeptide surfactant when cultured on a variety of substrates at salinities of up to 13% NaCl. Surfactant production occurred both aerobically and anaerobically and was optimal at 5% NaCl and temperatures between 35 and 45 degrees C. The biosurfactant, termed lichenysin A, was purified and chemically characterized. A tentative structure and composition for the surfactant are described. Lichenysin A is a mixture of lipopeptides, with the major components ranging in size from 1,006 to 1,034 Da. The lipid moiety contains a mixture of 14 linear and branched beta-hydroxy fatty acids ranging in size from C12 to C17. There are seven amino acids per molecule. The peptide moiety is composed of the following amino acids: glutamic acid as the N-terminal amino acid, asparagine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine as the C-terminal amino acid, at a ratio of 1.1:1.1:1.0:2.8:1.0, respectively. Purified lichenysin A decreases the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 28 mN/m and achieves the critical micelle concentration with as little as 12 mg/liter, characterizing the product as a powerful surface-active agent that compares favorably to others surfactants. The antibacterial activity of lichenysin A has been demonstrated.
Vasopressin dose-response effects on fetal vascular pressures, heart rate, and blood volume (1985)

To determine the effects of circulating arginine vasopressin (AVP) on fetal arterial pressure, venous pressure, heart rate, and blood volume, we infused graded amounts of AVP into chronically catheterized fetal sheep at 122-136 days gestation (term 145-150 days). Plasma AVP concentrations increased by 6.5 +/- 3.9 (SE), 13.0 +/- 2.4, 55 +/- 11.7, and 144 +/- 42 pg/ml with infusion rates of 1, 3.3, 10, and 33 ng/min, respectively. Fetal arterial pressure rose 0, 7.2 +/- 1.0, 9.1 +/- 2.5, 11.4 +/- 2.9, and 12.1 +/- 2.4 mmHg while heart rate decreased 0, 24 +/- 5, 36 +/- 10, 59 +/- 9, and 62 +/- 9 beats/min during AVP infusions of 0.5, 3.3, 10, 33, and 700 ng/min, respectively. Fetal venous pressure was unchanged except that it increased 2.4 +/- 0.5 and 4.8 +/- 1.5 mmHg at infusion rates of 33 and 700 ng/min, respectively. Fetal blood volume remained unchanged except for a 7.2 +/- 3.4% decrease with 700 ng/min. After blockade of the fetal autonomic nervous system, the arterial pressure increase was twice and the heart rate decrease was one-third of those observed in autonomically intact fetuses with comparable AVP infusion rates. Thus these fetal cardiovascular variables showed differential sensitivity to increases in circulating AVP concentrations, suggesting that physiological variations in endogenous AVP may have short-term effects on fetal arterial pressure and heart rate, but probably not on venous pressure or blood volume.
Functional Evaluation of Primary Renal Cell/Biomaterial Neo-Kidney Augment Prototypes for Renal Tissue Engineering (2011)

Development of a tissue-engineered neo-kidney augment (NKA) requires evaluation of defined, therapeutically relevant cell and cell/biomaterial composites (NKA constructs) for regenerative potential in mammalian kidney. Previous work identified primary renal cell populations that extended survival and improved renal function in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study extends that work toward the goal of developing NKA by (i) screening in vivo inflammatory and fibrotic responses to acellular biomaterials delivered to healthy rodent renal parenchyma, (ii) evaluating the functionality of renal cell/biomaterial combinations in vitro, (iii) generating NKA constructs by combining therapeutically relevant cell populations with biocompatible biomaterial, and (iv) evaluating in vivo neokidney tissue development in response to NKA constructs delivered to healthy rodent renal parenchyma. Gelatin and hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels elicited the least inflammatory and fibrotic responses in renal parenchyma relative to polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) beads or particles and were associated with neovascularization and cellular infiltration by 4 weeks postimplantation. Renal cell populations seeded onto gelatin or HA-based hydrogels were viable and maintained a tubular epithelial functional phenotype during an in vitro maturation of 3 days as measured by transcriptomic, proteomic, secretomic, and confocal immunofluorescence assays. In vivo delivery of cell-seeded NKA constructs (bioactive renal cells + gelatin hydrogels) to healthy rodent renal parenchyma elicited neokidney tissue formation at 1 week postimplantation. To investigate a potential mechanism by which NKA constructs could impact a disease state, the effect of conditioned media on TGF-β signaling pathways related to tubulo-interstitial fibrosis associated with CKD progression was evaluated. Conditioned medium was observed to attenuate TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro in a human proximal tubular cell line (HK2).
Neonatal mouse protection against infection with multiple group B streptococcal (GBS) serotypes by maternal immunization with a tetravalent GBS polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (1994)

Most cases of neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by group B streptococci (GBS) are attributable to one of four major capsular serotypes: Ia, Ib, II, or III. Because resistance to infection with GBS has been correlated with the presence of serum antibodies to the type-specific capsular polysaccharides in both experimental animals and human neonates, efforts have been made to elicit protective immunity with GBS capsular polysaccharide vaccines. However, the GBS capsular polysaccharides alone are not highly immunogenic in either animals or human volunteers. Therefore, we and other investigators have attempted to enhance immunogenicity by coupling individual capsular polysaccharides to a carrier protein. Here we report the synthesis and immunogenicity in rabbits of a GBS type Ib polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid vaccine prepared by the direct, covalent attachment of tetanus toxoid to a selected number of sialic acid residues on the type-specific polysaccharide. In addition, the Ib polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine was combined with similar tetanus toxoid conjugates of GBS type Ia, II, and III polysaccharides to form a tetravalent GBS conjugate vaccine. Protective efficacy of the GBS tetravalent conjugate vaccine was demonstrated in a mouse maternal immunization-neonatal challenge model of GBS infection. The results support testing in human subjects of a multivalent GBS conjugate vaccine of this design, with the eventual goal of protecting newborns against GBS infection.