gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adipose cell size in patients with essential hypertension. (1982)

The fat cell volume from subcutaneous adipose tissue of the anterior abdominal wall has been evaluated in 10 male patients with essential hypertension and in 10 male normotensive control subjects of normal body weight as well as in 9 male obese hypertensives. In both groups with normal weight no significant differences could be confirmed whereas in hypertensives with overweight the adipose cell volume was significantly increased. Thus, no evidence of enlarged adipocytes as a primary defect in patients with high blood pressure could be obtained. The results are discussed in view of obesity, hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP), increased lipolysis, impaired glucose tolerance, and high insulin response which frequently are associated with essential hypertension and usually favour the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes and adipocytes.
Propagating modes in gain-guided optical fibers (2003)

Optical fibers in which gain-guiding effects are significant or even dominant compared with conventional index guiding may become of practical interest for future high-power single-mode fiber lasers. I derive the propagation characteristics of symmetrical slab waveguides and cylindrical optical fibers having arbitrary amounts of mixed gain and index guiding, assuming a single uniform transverse profile for both the gain and the refractive-index steps. Optical fibers of this type are best characterized by using a complex-valued v-squared parameter in place of the real-valued v parameter commonly used to describe conventional index-guided optical fibers.
Optimization of parameters for fibre laser cutting of a 10 mm stainless steel plate (2011)

Optimization of the fibre laser cutting parameters for attainment of high cut edge quality in 10 mm stainless steel plate was demonstrated in this study. The tested process parameters included cutting speed, focal position, and focal length. Optimization of these process parameters enhances the melt removal from the cut kerf so as to prevent the undesired dross adherence on the lower cut edge or even incomplete penetration of the workpiece when the incident intensity is not sufficient to penetrate the workpiece. Dross-free cut edges with lower surface roughness and lower deviation of cut edge squareness could be achieved by reducing the cutting speed from the maximum achievable value, using the longer focal length lens for focusing the laser beam, and with focal position located on the bottom workpiece surface. These conditions enhance a high melt removal rate resulting in a high cut edge quality.
Body Fat Mass and Macronutrient Intake in Relation to Circulating Soluble Leptin Receptor, Free Leptin Index, Adiponectin, and Resistin Concentrations in Healthy Humans (2003)

The adipocyte-derived hormones leptin [which circulates in a free form and bound to a soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R)], adiponectin, and resistin play a key role in regulating energy homeostasis and metabolism. We assessed the association between body composition, total energy, and macronutrient intake and serum leptin, sOB-R, free leptin index, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations in 61 female and 53 male consecutively enrolled healthy Greek students. In this cross-sectional study, total energy and macronutrient intake were determined using 3-d food records. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis; fasting blood samples were taken for the measurement of total leptin, sOB-R, adiponectin, and resistin; and the ratio leptin/sOB-R was used as an index of free leptin. Serum sOB-R concentrations were lower in the female subjects compared with the males (27.24 +/- 29.06 vs. 50.14 +/- 39.74 ng/ml, P < 0.001), whereas leptin, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations were significantly higher in females (leptin: 9.93 +/- 6.01 vs. 3.27 +/- 2.54 ng/ml, P < 0.001; adiponectin: 11.40 +/- 6.73 micro g/ml vs. 4.90 +/- 2.79 micro g/ml; P < 0.001; resistin: 16.86 +/- 5.39 ng/ml in females vs. 14.00 +/- 7.16 ng/ml in males, P < 0.02). Simple regression analysis showed that, in both genders, leptin, free leptin index, adiponectin, and resistin correlated positively with body fat mass and negatively with waist to hip ratio. sOB-R correlated negatively with body fat mass and positively with waist to hip ratio. Multiple regression analysis models controlling for gender, body fat, and total energy intake demonstrated that sOB-R is positively associated with energy intake from carbohydrates and negatively with energy intake from dietary fat, whereas free leptin index is negatively associated with energy intake from carbohydrates and positively with energy intake from dietary fat. No statistically significant correlations were observed between serum adiponectin or resistin concentrations and total energy or macronutrient intake. Thus, total energy intake and macronutrient composition of the diet are associated with sOB-R and free leptin index but do not play a role of comparable significance in predicting adiponectin and resistin concentrations in healthy young subjects.
High frame-rate TCSPC-FLIM using a novel SPAD-based image sensor (2010)

Imaging techniques based on time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), rely on fast single-photon detectors as well as timing electronics in the form of time-to-digital or time-to-analog converters. Conventional systems rely on stand-alone or small arrays (up to 32) of detectors and external timing and memory modules. We recently developed a fully integrated image sensor containing 32&times;32 pixels and fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS technology. The chip produces an overall data rate of 10Gb/s in terms of time-of-arrival measurements in each pixel. As opposed to conventional single detector FLIM systems, the present system can acquire a full image, albeit at low resolution, without the need of an optical scanning system. As a consequence the complexity of the optical setup is reduced and the acquisition speed is dramatically increased. We show the potential of this new technology by presenting high time resolution (119 ps) TCSPC-FLIM images of pollen grains with acquisition times as low as 69 ms. Furthermore, the low noise (~100 Hz) and high photon detection probability (up to 35%) ensure a good photon economy over the visible spectrum. We believe that this technology will open the way to fast TCSPC-FLIM recordings of transient signals in the bio- and life sciences, such as in neuron signaling.
Passive tag-to-tag communication (2012)

In this paper, we describe a novel passive RFID system capable of direct tag-to-tag communication in the presence of external radio frequency field. Tags talk by modulating the external field and thus backscattering the commands to each other. We present the system concept and show its hardware implementation based on TI MSP430 microcontroller. We also provide the theoretical model for modulation depth vs. distance which agrees with experimental results (maximum tag-to-tag communication distance). Finally, we discuss possible applications and outline future work.
Post Gold King Mine Spill Investigation of Metal Stability in Water and Sediments of the Animas River Watershed (2016)

We applied spectroscopy, microscopy, diffraction, and aqueous chemistry methods to investigate the persistence of metals in water and sediments from the Animas River 13 days after the Gold King Mine spill (August 5, 2015). The Upper Animas River watershed, located in San Juan Colorado, is heavily mineralized and impacted by acid mine drainage, with low pH water and elevated metal concentrations in sediments (108.4 ± 1.8 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Pb, 32.4 ± 0.5 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Cu, 729.6 ± 5.7 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Zn, and 51 314.6 ± 295.4 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> Fe). Phosphate and nitrogen species were detected in water and sediment samples from Farmington, New Mexico, an intensive agricultural area downstream from the Animas River, while metal concentrations were low compared to those observed upstream. Solid-phase analyses of sediments suggest that Pb, Cu, and Zn are associated with metal-bearing jarosite and other minerals (e.g., clays, Fe-(oxy)hydroxides). The solubility of jarosite at near-neutral pH and biogeochemical processes occurring downstream could affect the stability of metal-bearing minerals in river sediments. This study contributes relevant information about the association of metal mixtures in a heavy mineralized semiarid region, providing a foundation to better understand long-term metal release in a public and agricultural water supply.
Salmonella typhimurium Induces Apoptosis in Human Monocyte‐Derived Macrophages (2000)

Salmonella species represent a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. More recently, they have been proposed as putative vaccine delivery vehicles in humans. Oral infection with Salmonella leads to invasion of the intestinal epithelial barrier and subsequent interaction with mucosal macrophages. In this study, we investigated the fate of Salmonella typhimurium-infected human macrophages differentiated from blood monocytes by GM-CSF. Wild type S. typhimurium strain SL1344 induced macrophage surface blebbing and caused the release of host cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase beginning 30 min post-infection. Three hours later more than 80% of the macrophages in the culture were killed. In contrast, during the same period, macrophages infected with the non-invasive S. typhimurium strain BJ66 remained viable. Chromatin fragmentation is a hallmark of cells undergoing apoptosis. Using TUNEL analysis, we observed chromatin fragmentation in macrophages infected with SL1344 but not in BJ66 infected cells. Consistent with this observation, we found that pretreatment of human macrophages with an inhibitor of caspase-3, a member of the pro-apoptotic enzyme family shown to be involved in S. typhimurium-induced killing of mouse macrophages, reduced SL1344-mediated cytotoxicity by 40%. Our study provides the first evidence that invasive S. typhimurium induces apoptosis in human macrophages that were differentiated from blood monocytes by GM-CSF, and that cell death is a caspase-dependent phenomenon.
Synthesis of syn- and anti-1-Amino-3-[18F]fluoromethyl-cyclobutane-1-carboxylic Acid (FMACBC), Potential PET Ligands for Tumor Detection (2002)

syn- and anti-1-amino-3-[18F]fluoromethyl-cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (FMACBC, 16 and 17), analogues of anti-1-amino-3-[18F]fluorocyclobutyl-1-carboxylic acid (FACBC), were prepared to evaluate the contributions of C-3 substitution and configuration on the uptake of these radiolabeled amino acids in a rodent model of brain tumors. Radiofluorinated targets [18F]16 and [18F]17 were prepared by no-carrier-added radiofluorination from their corresponding methanesulfonyl esters 12 and 13, respectively, with decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 30% for [18F]16 and 20% for [18F]17. In amino acid transport assays performed in vitro using 9L gliosarcoma cells, both [18F]16 and [18F]17 were substrates for L type amino acid transport, while [18F]17 but not [18F]16 was a substrate for A type transport. Biodistribution studies in normal Fischer rats with [18F]16 and [18F]17 showed high uptake of radioactivity (>2.0% dose/g) in the pancreas while other tissues studied, including liver, heart, lung, kidney, blood, muscle, and testis, showed relatively low uptake of radioactivity (<1.0% dose/g). In rats implanted intracranially with 9L gliosarcoma cells, the retention of radioactivity in tumor tissue was high at 5, 60, and 120 min after intravenous injection of [18F]16 and [18F]17 while the uptake of radioactivity in brain tissue contralateral to the tumor remained low (<0.3% dose/g). Ratios of tumor uptake to normal brain uptake for [18F]16 were 7.5:1, 7:1, and 5:1 at 5, 60, and 120 min, respectively, while for [18F]17 the ratios were 7.5:1, 9:1, and 9:1 at the same time points. This work demonstrates that like anti-[18F]FACBC, [18F]16 and [18F]17 are excellent candidates for imaging brain tumors.
Purification and characterization of two forms of a high-molecular-weight cysteine proteinase (porphypain) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (1994)

Porphyromonas gingivalis, and organism implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of human periodontal diseases, produces a variety of potent proteolytic enzymes, and it has been suggested that these enzymes play a direct role in the destruction of periodontal tissues. We now report that two cell-associated cysteine proteinases of P. gingivalis W12, with molecular masses of approximately 150 kDa (porphypain-1) and 120 kDa (porphypain-2), as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, have been separated and purified to apparent homogeneity. These proteinases appear to be SDS-stable conformational variants of a 180-kDa enzyme, and they are the largest cysteine proteinases yet purified from P. gingivalis. The purified proteinases hydrolyze fibrinogen, tosyl-Gly-L-Pro-L-Arg p-nitroanilide, and tosyl-Gly-L-Pro-L-Lys p-nitroanilide. While hydrolysis of both synthetic substrates by porphypain-1 and -2 requires activation by reducing agents, is inhibited by EDTA, and is stimulated in the presence of derivatives of glycine, the Arg-amidolytic activity is sensitive to leupeptin and H-D-tyrosyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl chloromethyl ketone, whereas the Lys-amidolytic activity is sensitive to tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone and insensitive to leupeptin. These data suggest that porphypains contain two types of active sites. These cell-associated P. gingivalis proteinases may contribute significantly and directly to periodontal tissue destruction.
A tyrosine-phosphorylated 70-kDa protein binds a photoaffinity analogue of ATP and associates with both the zeta chain and CD3 components of the activated T cell antigen receptor. (1992)

An early event in T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-mediated signal transduction is the activation of a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) pathway. An unidentified PTK activity and a kinase substrate termed ZAP-70 have previously been shown to associate with TCR zeta upon cross-linking of TCR beta. Here we report that TCR activation, by antibody cross-linking of either TCR beta or CD3 epsilon, results in the association of a PTK activity with both CD3 and TCR zeta. A number of in vitro PTK substrates are also associated with CD3 and TCR zeta, including CD3 epsilon, TCR zeta, p60fyn, p62yes, and a predominant 70-kDa protein (ZAP-70). The shared PTK activity and PTK substrates suggest that both CD3 and TCR zeta are involved in signal transduction via a shared pathway. We used [alpha-32P]gamma-azidoanilido ATP, a photoreactive analogue of ATP, to detect CD3-associated proteins that bound ATP upon TCR activation, reasoning that such proteins could represent PTKs. A 70-kDa protein bound [alpha-32P]gamma-azidoanilido ATP only upon TCR activation, and we propose that this protein and the 70-kDa PTK substrate are the same protein. Furthermore, we propose that this protein is responsible for the PTK activity observed to be associated with TCR zeta and CD3 upon TCR activation.
Alterations of (CA)n DNA repeats and tumor suppressor genes in human gastric cancer. (1994)

We have examined whether alterations of simple (CA)n DNA repeats, as observed in human colon cancers, occur during human gastric carcinogenesis and whether such alterations reflect genomic instability that could lead to other genetic changes. A total of 22 gastric cancer samples were analyzed: 15 well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, 6 signet-ring cell carcinomas, and 1 poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. When (CA)n repeat sequences were examined at 10 loci, one adenocarcinoma showed a loss of repeat sequences at five loci, three adenocarcinomas gained a repeat at one locus, and one adenocarcinoma had new, repeated sequences at five loci. Three samples showed mutations in the p53 gene, two in exon 5 (both GC to AT transition at a CpG dinucleotide) and one in exon 7 (AT to GC transition). Only one sample with a p53 mutation also showed altered (CA)n repeats. A putative tumor suppressor gene, connexin 32, was not altered as assessed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. These results suggest that genomic instability revealed by (CA)n repeat changes does not seem to contribute to induction of point mutations in p53 or connexin 32 genes but may participate in loss of heterozygosity at APC/MCC loci. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that different mechanisms are involved in the gain and loss of (CA)n repeats.
An overview of the Internet File System (2002)

The Internet File System (IFS) extends the scope of file systems from LANs to the Internet, encouraging collaboration and information dissemination on a much broader scale. In addition, Internet resources (e.g. Web pages, Gopher Information, and Network News) become files in IFS, allowing file system APIs and existing tools and commands to be used to manipulate Internet resources just like conventional files. IFS is unique in that it introduces a logical layer between applications and operating systems, and integrates widely-used protocols like FTP, HTTP, GOPHER, NNTP, RSH in this layer. The system is transparent to applications and operating systems, and requires no modification of software nor change in management of Internet file servers. A prototype of IFS is currently running on Sun OS 4.1, Solaris, HP-UX, SVR4, SGI MIPS, and Linux.
Detection of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene Rearrangements in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma Using Commercially Available BIOMED-2 Primers (2008)

The BIOMED-2 primers demonstrate IGH gene clonality in 24% to 40% of cHLs without microdissection. In a subset of the cHL, the IGH gene rearrangement analysis might be useful for diagnosis, but can lead to confusion between cHLs and non-Hodgkin lymphomas if used as a discriminative criterion.
New mechanisms of adrenostatic compounds in a human adrenocortical cancer cell line (2000)

Our data demonstrate that adrenostatic compounds not only act by suppression of steroidogenic enzymes but can also influence both ACTH-R expression and cell proliferation in adrenal cells. As these effects occur in vitro at concentrations that are reached during treatment with these drugs in patients, they are probably also of clinical relevance. Particularly the antiproliferative activity of ETO may be useful in Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocortical cancer. The interaction of steroidogenesis, ACTH-R and glucocorticoid receptor expression as well as cell proliferation provides a new concept of the intra-adrenal response to stress in humans.
The extracellular matrix of human retinal pigment epithelial cells in vivo and its synthesis in vitro. (1986)

The production of extracellular matrix material by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) may influence or mediate some of the many important functions of this tissue. Using immunohistochemical staining techniques, the extracellular matrix surrounding the RPE in vivo and the components produced by RPE in vitro have been investigated. Frozen sections of eye bank eyes showed antigen specific staining for collagen types I, III, and IV, and for fibronectin and laminin in Bruch's membrane and surrounding the RPE. Only very slight staining of the membrane was seen with antiserum against type II collagen, and there was no staining for type V collagen. Specific staining was demonstrated for the four collagens and glycoproteins in the extracellular matrix of RPE cells grown in culture. Once again, there was no staining for type V collagen. This study demonstrates that the RPE is capable of producing many of the components of the extracellular matrix found in Bruch's membrane and surrounding the RPE in vivo. This function may be important in the maintenance of a physical barrier to subretinal neovascularization, and may also play a role in such pathologic states as proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Microbial Energizers: Fuel Cells That Keep on Going (2006)

Has this happened to you? You have a layover between flights, would like to use your computer and cell phone, but both sets of batteries are drained and the nearby electrical outlets are being used. What if you could instead recharge your electronic devices with a little sugar from the nearby coffee stand? With help from electricity-producing microorganisms, known as electricigens, some day you might have new options for ignoring the current “grid” by generating electricity in an alternative, environmentally friendly manner.
The C3H/HeJ mouse and DEBR rat models for alopecia areata: review of preclinical drug screening approaches and results (2008)

The C3H/HeJ inbred mouse strain and the Dundee Experimental Bald Rat (DEBR) strain spontaneously develop adult onset alopecia areata (AA), a cell-mediated disease directed against actively growing hair follicles. The low frequency of AA and the inability to predict the stage of AA as it evolves in the naturally occuring C3H/HeJ model of AA can be converted into a highly predictable system by grafting full thickness skin from AA-affected mice to normal haired mice of the same strain. The rat DEBR model develops spontaneous AA at a higher frequency than in the mouse model but they are more expensive to use in drug studies owing to their larger size. Regardless of the shortcomings of either model, these rodent models can be used succesfully to screen novel or approved drugs for efficacy to treat human AA. As the pathogenesis of AA follows the canonical lymphocytic co-stimulatory cascade in the mouse AA model, it can be used to screen compounds potentially useful to treat a variety of cell-mediated diseases. Efficacy of various agents can easily be screened by simply observing the presence, rate, and cosmetic acceptability of hair regrowth. More sophisticated assays can refine how the drugs induce hair regrowth and evaluate the underlying pathogenesis of AA. Some drugs commonly used to treat human AA patients work equally as well in both rodent models validating their usefulness as models for drug efficacy and safety for humanAA.
Changes in Levels of Urinary Estrogen Metabolites After Oral Indole-3-Carbinol Treatment in Humans (1997)

I3C may have chemopreventive activity against breast cancer in humans, although the long-term effects of higher catechol estrogen levels in women require further investigation.
Preparation and Synthetic Applications of 2-Halotryptamines:  Synthesis of Elacomine and Isoelacomine (2004)

The preparation of 2-halotryptamines from tryptamine is described. New stereoselective intramolecular iminium ion spirocyclization methodology for the construction of spiro[pyrrolidine-3,3'-oxindoles] is outlined in synthetic studies of elacomine (1) and isoelacomine (2). [reaction: see text]