gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System and Processes of Pre-combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture and Separation (2018)

In this chapter, the development of H2/CO2 separation technology, including a new CO2 chemical adsorbent, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) reactor model, and the continuous operation of a pilot-scale test system for pre-combustion CO2 capture, are presented. Potassium-promoted Mg–Al layered double oxides (LDOs) are shown to be appropriate candidate adsorbents for elevated temperature (250–450 °C) PSA for pre-combustion H2/CO2 separation. The adsorption heat of CO2 on the surface of LDOs is only 2.5–60.4 kJ mol−1, which is beneficial for achieving isothermal desorption by a pressure swing. Further, methods for enhancing the CO2 capacity and the mechanical strength of adsorbent pellets are introduced. The single- and double-column fixed-bed experiments provided useful results for the development and validation of scalable modeling. The PSA model was built by coupling a non-equilibrium kinetic adsorption model and a column model. The effects of operating parameters on the H2 recovery ratio and CO2 capture ratio were studied. A 4-column pilot-scale elevated temperature PSA (ET-PSA) system was developed with a processing capacity of 4.0–6.6 Nm3 h−1 to determine the feasibility of such a system for industrial application. It achieved 1089 h of accumulated operation and 75 h of continuous operation, maintaining a CO2 removal ratio higher than 91.7%.
Innate immunity in the central nervous system (2012)

Immune responses in the CNS are common, despite its perception as a site of immune privilege. These responses can be mediated by resident microglia and astrocytes, which are innate immune cells without direct counterparts in the periphery. Furthermore, CNS immune reactions often take place in virtual isolation from the innate/adaptive immune interplay that characterizes peripheral immunity. However, microglia and astrocytes also engage in significant cross-talk with CNS-infiltrating T cells and other components of the innate immune system. Here we review the cellular and molecular basis of innate immunity in the CNS and discuss what is known about how outcomes of these interactions can lead to resolution of infection, neurodegeneration, or neural repair depending on the context.
Liposomal irinotecan in gemcitabine-refractory metastatic pancreatic cancer: efficacy, safety and place in therapy (2017)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease. The majority of patients are diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease with a prognosis of short months. Therapeutic options are limited and until recently, there was no standard second-line chemotherapy option. Liposomal constructs have been engineered to encapsulate chemotherapy thereby preventing premature metabolism, improving distribution and minimizing toxicity. Favourable preclinical data on liposomal irinotecan and early phase trials, led to a recently published phase III trial of liposomal irinotecan in combination with fluorouracil and folinic acid in patients with metastatic PDAC, who progressed after gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. As a direct result, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have approved the use of liposomal irinotecan in this setting. However, first-line treatment options for this disease now include the combination regimen, FOLFIRINOX, in patients with good performance status, and the role of second-line combination treatment with liposomal irinotecan in this setting is unclear. Recent advances have changed the therapeutic landscape, as clinicians are now able to choose a sequential approach to treatment tailored to the individual patient characteristics. This article reviews current treatment options for metastatic PDAC and focuses on the efficacy, safety and place in therapy of liposomal irinotecan.
Making greed work in networks: a game-theoretic analysis of switch service disciplines (1995)

This paper discusses congestion control from a game-theoretic perspective. There are two basic premises: 1) Users are assumed to be independent and selfish. 2) Central administrative control is exercised only at the network switches. The operating points resulting from selfish user behavior depend crucially on the service disciplines implemented in network switches. This effect is investigated in a simple model consisting of a single exponential server shared by many Poisson sources. We discuss the extent to which one can guarantee, through the choice of switch service disciplines, that these selfish operating points will be efficient and fair. We also discuss to what extent the choice of switch service disciplines can ensure that these selfish operating points are unique and are easily and rapidly accessible by simple self optimization techniques. We show that no service discipline can guarantee optimal efficiency. As for the other properties, we show that the traditional FIFO service discipline guarantees none of these properties, but that a service discipline called fair share guarantees all of them. While the treatment utilizes game-theoretic concepts, no previous knowledge of game theory is assumed.
A randomized phase 2 clinical trial of phentolamine mesylate eye drops in patients with severe night vision disturbances (2022)

The trial registration number is NCT04004507 (02/07/2019). Retrospectively registered.
Monolithic high-Q overhang inductors fabricated on silicon and glass substrates (2003)

We have investigated the RF performance of the micromachined integrated spiral inductors overhanging several tens of microns from the substrate, having at least 10 /spl mu/m in copper thickness. From the experiments, it can be speculated that once the inductor is overhung by at least 30 /spl mu/m, the substrate coupling can be eliminated almost completely, even in the standard silicon substrate, as long as there is no additional support. The inductor overhanging 30 /spl mu/m from the standard silicon substrate has shown an inductance of 1.8 nH with the unprecedented peak Q-factor of 50 at 7 GHz.
Primary structure of the alpha 1 chain of human type XV collagen and exon-intron organization in the 3' region of the corresponding gene. (1994)

Types XV and XVIII collagens form a new subgroup within the diverse family of collagens, both being characterized by extensive interruptions in their collagenous sequences. We isolated human alpha 1(XV) chain cDNAs that extend beyond the sequences previously derived from a 2127-nucleotide clone. The cDNAs cover 5172 nucleotides of the 5300-4400-nucleotide mRNAs and encode a polypeptide of 1388 residues, including a 25-residue signal peptide, a 530-residue NH2-terminal noncollagenous domain (NC1), a 577-residue collagenous sequence with eight interruptions of 7-45 residues, and a 256-residue COOH-terminal noncollagenous domain (NC10). A thrombospondin sequence motif found previously in certain other collagen types was identified in the NC1 domain of type XV collagen, whereas the NC10 domain was characterized by the presence of four cysteine residues. The exon-intron organization of the human gene was determined, corresponding to the extreme COOH-terminal 2/3 + 275 residues. NC10 is encoded by seven exons, six of which encode solely protein sequences and vary in size between 60 and 186 base pairs, whereas the last one corresponds to the end of the polypeptide and the 3'-untranslated sequences. The extreme 5' exon analyzed was a junction exon encoding both collagenous and noncollagenous sequences. This initial characterization is indicative of a multiexon arrangement for the alpha 1(XV) gene.
Inhibition of CaMKIV relieves streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathic pain through regulation of HMGB1 (2015)

This study demonstrates that CaMKIV can relieve STZ-induced diabetic neuropathic pain. The mechanism of this function depended on the process: pCaMKIV localized in the nuclei of DRG neurons and regulated HMGB1 which was an important mediator of neuropathic pain. These findings reported CaMKIV may be a potential target or important node in relieving diabetic neuropathic pain.
Controlled Mesoporosity in SiOC via Chemically Bonded Polymeric “Spacers” (2013)

Silicon oxycarbides with controlled porosity in the mesopore range have been obtained through high‐temperature pyrolysis of newly developed reactive siloxane formulations. The starting gels have been synthesized via Pt catalyzed hydrosilylation reaction between polyhydromethylsiloxane ( PHMS ) and vinyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane ( PDMS ) of different molecular weights in the presence of tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane as a crosslinking enhancer. In our approach, the PDMS serves the double purpose of size‐controlling templating agent as well as solvent at the early stages of the synthesis. During the curing step, the vinyl‐terminated PDMS is chemically bonded to the preceramic network through the extremely efficient hydrosilylation reaction and “solidify.” Accordingly, its removal during pyrolysis occurs through decomposition of a solid phase with retention of the formed porosity. The structural and morphological evolution of the preceramic gels containing the molecular spacers have been investigated as a function of the thermal treatment temperature by N 2 physisorption measurements, thermogravimetry, and SEM analyses. The results show that the pore size distribution of the resulting SiOC s depends on the molecular weight of the PDMS and is directly related to the molecular volume assumimg that the PDMS chains are entangled into spheroidal shapes. The total pore volume is related to the initial amount of templating PDMS assuming its complete decomposition during pyrolysis.
Taxol: Women with ovarian cancer participate in a new clinical trial (1992)

Taxol has been hailed by some as a promising new chemotherapy drug for the treatment of women with ovarian cancer. An international study has been mounted to determine the optimal dose and the optimal infusion duration of Taxol. Nurses on the in-patient chemotherapy unit at the B.C. Cancer Agency, Vancouver Clinic, have been actively involved in caring for women as they receive Taxol. This article offers clinical tips from the Vancouver experience about organizing treatmetn rooms, setting up IVs, administering the drug, monitoring the patient for side effects and dealing with the many difficult questions asked by women involved in this clinical trial.
A web server for inferring the human N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) enzymatic phenotype from NAT2 genotype (2009)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Syndecan 3: a member of the syndecan family of membrane-intercalated proteoglycans that is expressed in high amounts at the onset of chicken limb cartilage differentiation. (1992)

A partial cDNA that encodes a newly discovered member of the syndecan family of integral membrane proteoglycans, which we have termed syndecan 3, has been isolated from an embryonic chicken limb bud cDNA library. Syndecan 3 is distinct from but structurally related to syndecan and fibroglycan, two previously characterized members of this family of membrane-intercalated proteoglycans. Syndecan 3 contains a cytoplasmic domain potentially associated with the cytoskeleton that is 85% identical in amino acid sequence to the cytoplasmic domain of syndecan. Syndecan 3 also possesses a hydrophobic transmembrane domain and an extracellular domain containing several clustered potential glycosaminoglycan attachment sites. Like syndecan, the ectodomain of syndecan 3 has a single dibasic protease-susceptible site adjacent to the transmembrane domain, which might be involved in shedding the ectodomain from the cell surface. A striking feature of syndecan 3 is an extensive (182 amino acid) threonine, serine, and proline (T+S+P)-rich domain that closely resembles T+S+P-rich regions in several mucin-like proteins in which O-linked oligosaccharides are bound to the threonine and serine residues. Syndecan 3 is expressed in high amounts during a critical phase of chicken limb chondrogenesis in which limb mesenchymal cells condense, round up, and interact with one another before depositing a cartilage matrix. The multiple functional domains of syndecan 3 provide potential sites for mediating the adhesive cell-matrix interactions and cytoskeletal reorganization involved in this critical condensation process.
[Inhibition of histamine liberation in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in relation to the season]. (1995)

An increased activity of the cAMP-degrading enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE) has been observed in peripheral leukocytes from atopic patients. We studied 9 patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and 9 controls during (summer) and out of symptomatic season (following winter). Dextran sedimented peripheral mixed leucocytes (pML) were preincubated with the nonspecific PDE inhibitor isobutyl-methylxanthine (IBMX), with the PDE III selective inhibitor motapizone and with the PDE IV selective inhibitor rolipram and subsequently histamine release was induced by anti-IgE antibodies. The anti-IgE induced histamine release (anti-IgE HR) showed no significant seasonal differences in atopic patients and in controls. All PDE inhibitors reduced anti-IgE HR over the whole investigated concentration range (from 10(-8) mol/l to 10(-4) mol/l) in a dose dependent manner. Comparing the PDE inhibitors rolipram was the most potent inhibitor on anti-IgE HR from pML of acute and symptomless patients, while there were no significant differences on anti-IgE HR from pML of controls. During symptomatic season rolipram inhibited anti-IgE HR from pML of patients significantly more efficient than out of season. This could be the result of a seasonal increased PDE IV activity in the pMI of patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
Combinatorial Approach to Determine Functional Group Effects on Lipidoid-Mediated siRNA Delivery (2010)

The application of RNA interference (RNAi), either in the clinic or in the laboratory, requires safe and effective delivery methods. Here, we develop a combinatorial approach to synthesize a library of delivery vectors based on two lipid-like substrates with known siRNA delivery capabilities. Members of this library have a mixture of lipid-like tails and feature appendages containing hydroxyl, carbamate, ether, or amine functional groups as well as variations in alkyl chain length and branching. Using a luciferase reporter system in HeLa cells, we studied the relationship between lipid chemical modification and delivery performance in vitro. The impact of the functional group was shown to vary depending on the overall amine content and tail number of the delivery vector. Additionally, in vivo performance was evaluated using a Factor VII knockdown assay. Two library members, each containing ether groups, were found to knock down the target protein at levels comparable to those of the parent delivery vector. These results demonstrate that small chemical changes to the delivery vector impact knockdown efficiency and cell viability both in vitro and in vivo. The work described here identifies new materials for siRNA delivery and provides new insight into the parameters for optimized chemical makeup of lipid-like siRNA delivery materials.
Molecular Imaging: Integration of Molecular Imaging into the Musculoskeletal Imaging Practice (2007)

Chronic musculoskeletal diseases such as arthritis, malignancy, and chronic injury and/or inflammation, all of which may produce chronic musculoskeletal pain, often pose challenges for current clinical imaging methods. The ability to distinguish an acute flare from chronic changes in rheumatoid arthritis, to survey early articular cartilage breakdown, to distinguish sarcomatous recurrence from posttherapeutic inflammation, and to directly identify generators of chronic pain are a few examples of current diagnostic limitations. There is hope that a growing field known as molecular imaging will provide solutions to these diagnostic puzzles. These techniques aim to depict, noninvasively, specific abnormal cellular, molecular, and physiologic events associated with these and other diseases. For example, the presence and mobilization of specific cell populations can be monitored with molecular imaging. Cellular metabolism, stress, and apoptosis can also be followed. Furthermore, disease-specific molecules can be targeted, and particular gene-related events can be assayed in living subjects. Relatively recent molecular and cellular imaging protocols confirm important advances in imaging technology, engineering, chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics that have coalesced into a multidisciplinary and multimodality effort. Molecular probes are currently being developed not only for radionuclide-based techniques but also for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR spectroscopy, ultrasonography, and the emerging field of optical imaging. Furthermore, molecular imaging is facilitating the development of molecular therapies and gene therapy, because molecular imaging makes it possible to noninvasively track and monitor targeted molecular therapies. Implementation of molecular imaging procedures will be essential to a clinical imaging practice. With this in mind, the goal of the following discussion is to promote a better understanding of how such procedures may help address specific musculoskeletal issues, both now and in the years ahead.
Genome scan of European‐American schizophrenia pedigrees: Results of the NIMH genetics initiative and millennium consortium (1998)

The Genetics Initiative of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) was a multisite study that created a national repository of DNA from families informative for genetic linkage studies of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. The schizophrenia families were collected by three sites: Washington University, Harvard University, and Columbia University. This article, one in a series that describes the data collected for linkage analysis by the schizophrenia consortium, presents the results for the European-American sample. The European-American sample comprised 43 nuclear families and 146 subjects. Ninety-six of the family members were considered affected by virtue of having received a DSM-III-R diagnosis of schizophrenia (N = 82) or schizoaffective disorder, depressed (N = 14). The families contained a total of 50 independent sib-pairs. Using the significance threshold criteria suggested by Lander and Kruglyak [(1995): Nat Genet 241–247], no region showed statistically significant evidence for linkage; two markers on chromosome 10p showed statistical evidence suggestive of linkage using the criteria of Lander and Kruglyak [(1995): Nat Genet 241–247]: D10S1423 (nonparametric linkage (NPL) Z = 3.4, P = .0004) and its neighbor, D10S582 (NPL Z=3.2, P = .0006). Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 81:290–295, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Resonant Properties of Piezoelectric Ceramic Rectangular Parallelepipeds (1968)

This paper is concerned with the resonant properties of free, piezoelectric ceramic rectangular parallelepipeds, such as cubes. By means of the calculus of variations, the electroelastic differential equations are transformed into an approximate matrix characteristic value problem. Solution of this problem yields the resonant frequencies, the particle displacement patterns at resonance, and the equivalent circuit parameters such as the motional capacitances. Structures of the present type possess eight distinct symmetry families of modes; however, only one of these is excitable piezoelectrically with two opposite faces completely electroded. The resonant frequencies of the first 50 modes of this family are presented graphically versus Poisson's ratio for the special case of an isotropic cube. The frequency and dynamic capacitance of the first 30 modes of the same family are given for a piezoelectric ceramic square cylinder as the thickness-to-width ratio is varied from zero (thin square plate case) to unity (cube case). This result demonstrates the fact that the so-called thickness mode of a thin plate is actually a composite of many high contour-extensional overtones. Numerous modal displacement patterns are sketched for the square cylinder and cube special cases. Lastly, experimental results are reported that correspond reasonably well with the theory: Agreement is on the order of 3% for resonant frequency values and 20% for other quantities.
VEGF-C gene therapy augments postnatal lymphangiogenesis and ameliorates secondary lymphedema (2003)

Although lymphedema is a common clinical condition, treatment for this disabling condition remains limited and largely ineffective. Recently, it has been reported that overexpression of VEGF-C correlates with increased lymphatic vessel growth (lymphangiogenesis). However, the effect of VEGF-C-induced lymphangiogenesis on lymphedema has yet to be demonstrated. Here we investigated the impact of local transfer of naked plasmid DNA encoding human VEGF-C (phVEGF-C) on two animal models of lymphedema: one in the rabbit ear and the other in the mouse tail. In a rabbit model, following local phVEGF-C gene transfer, VEGFR-3 expression was significantly increased. This gene transfer led to a decrease in thickness and volume of lymphedema, improvement of lymphatic function demonstrated by serial lymphoscintigraphy, and finally, attenuation of the fibrofatty changes of the skin, the final consequences of lymphedema. The favorable effect of phVEGF-C on lymphedema was reconfirmed in a mouse tail model. Immunohistochemical analysis using lymphatic-specific markers: VEGFR-3, lymphatic endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1, together with the proliferation marker Ki-67 Ab revealed that phVEGF-C transfection potently induced new lymphatic vessel growth. This study, we believe for the first time, documents that gene transfer of phVEGF-C resolves lymphedema through direct augmentation of lymphangiogenesis. This novel therapeutic strategy may merit clinical investigation in patients with lymphedema.
Gas chromatography combined with fast flow glow discharge mass spectrometry (GC-FFGD-MS) (2004)

A low power (<5 W) dc fast flow glow discharge (FFGD) ion source has been adapted for the detection of halogenated hydrocarbons using gas chromatography as the sample introduction technique. A simple and robust interface design enabled direct coupling of the ion source to a common gas chromatograph. After optimisation, detection limits for four compounds were from 0.3–66.5 pg (by monitoring the halogen ions 35Cl, 79Br and 127I). The source operating conditions can be ‘tuned’ to obtain different information, allowing both sensitive elemental detection and structure elucidation using a single instrument, with sub-pg detection limits for the bromobenzene molecular ion. The source pressure, power and discharge gas flow rate were found to have significant effects on the relative fragment ions detected. These observations can be rationalised using neutral, excited state chemistry.