gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A superconducting resonator designed for coupling to spin based qubits in quantum dots (2010)

We present the implementation of a system for the quantum state transfer between electron spin and photons exploiting the coupling of an InAs self-assembled quantum dot to a superconducting resonator cavity.
Amine-Templated Polymeric Lanthanide Formates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Luminescence and Magnetism (2012)

The novel polymeric formates of general formula [(Fmd)Ln(III)(HCOO)(4)](∞) (Fmd(+) = NH(2)-CH(+)-NH(2); Ln = Eu (1), Gd (2), Tb (3), Dy (4)] were synthesized through solvothermal methods in formamide solutions. The compounds are isotructural; they crystallize in the orthorhombic C222(1) chiral space group. The coordination geometry at the metal centers is square antiprismatic (coordination number eight), with each formate ligand bridging adjacent lanthanide ions. The overall negative three-dimensional (3D) framework charge is balanced by the formamidinium cations sitting inside the channels along the a axis, forming extensive N-H···O hydrogen bonding with the surrounding cage. All the compounds have been characterized through single-crystal/powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and TG-MS analysis. Finally, their luminescence and magnetic properties have been assessed, leading to remarkable emission intensities, especially for the Tb(III) compound (Φ = 0.83), with corresponding lifetime decays in the micro (Dy) and millisecond (Tb, Eu) time scale. A weak but sizable antiferromagnetic interaction has been observed for the Gd(III) derivative.
Indoor/outdoor location of cellular handsets based on received signal strength (2005)

The feasibility of received signal strength (RSS) methods for locating handset calls in a complicated wireless cellular environment is demonstrated. An extensive measurement campaign conducted on the Georgia Tech campus indicates that RSS location techniques can locate handset calls within 100 m error distance to its ground truth 78% of the time for a network with a majority of indoor users. A received signal strength aggregate (RSSA) method for identifying and locating indoor handsets is also proposed.
Fabrication of two‐weir structure‐based packed columns for on‐chip solid‐phase extraction of DNA (2007)

Microchip-based packed column SPE of DNA was performed using the microfabricated two-weir structure within a microchannel. We developed two methods to fabricate the two-weir structured glass chips: a "two-side etching/alignment" method and a simplified "one-side/two-step etching" method. The former method required a straightforward alignment step, while the latter approach comprised a simplified wet etching process using paraffin wax as the temporary protective layer. Both methods were convenient and rapid as compared to the previous approaches. Through a reversibly sealed bead-introduction channel, beads can be fed into or out of the chip columns, thus enabling refreshment of the packing materials. Using the proposed chip columns, highly efficient lambda-DNA extractions (average recovery >80%) were performed with good chip-to-chip reproducibility (RSD <10%). The on-chip SPE procedure was completed within 15 min at the flow rate of 3 microL/min and the bulk of the loaded DNA was eluted within a small volume of approximately 8 microL. Application of the microchip-based packed columns was demonstrated by purifying PCR-amplifiable genomic DNA from human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and human whole blood samples.
Diagnosing Friedreich's ataxia (1998)

Clinical diagnosis is still of the utmost importance and following our review of cases diagnosed using the strict criteria, 100% were homozygous for the expansion. However, now that there is a relatively simple direct genetic test, the diagnosis can be considered in more unusual cases. Genetic testing has been shown to be of value in establishing the correct diagnosis and in directing the appropriate screening tests, including cardiological assessment and blood sugar estimation. Perhaps the most interesting development following identification of the gene is the rapid progress in our understanding of the protein. If, as seems likely, it turns out to be a mitochondrial protein involved in iron transport, it gives cause for hope of effective treatment.
Pharmacology of cardiac potassium channels (2004)

Cardiac K+ channels are membrane-spanning proteins that allow the passive movement of K+ ions across the cell membrane along its electrochemical gradient. They regulate the resting membrane potential, the frequency of pacemaker cells and the shape and duration of the cardiac action potential. Additionally, they have been recognized as potential targets for the actions of neurotransmitters and hormones and class III antiarrhythmic drugs that prolong the action potential duration (APD) and refractoriness and have been found effective to prevent/suppress cardiac arrhythmias. In the human heart, K+ channels include voltage-gated channels, such as the rapidly activating and inactivating transient outward current (Ito1), the ultrarapid (IKur), rapid (IKr) and slow (IKs) components of the delayed rectifier current and the inward rectifier current (IK1), the ligand-gated channels, including the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive (IKATP) and the acetylcholine-activated (IKAch) currents and the leak channels. Changes in the expression of K+ channels explain the regional variations in the morphology and duration of the cardiac action potential among different cardiac regions and are influenced by heart rate, intracellular signalling pathways, drugs and cardiovascular disorders. A progressive number of cardiac and noncardiac drugs block cardiac K+ channels and can cause a marked prolongation of the action potential duration (i.e. an acquired long QT syndrome, LQTS) and a distinct polymorphic ventricular tachycardia termed torsades de pointes. In addition, mutations in the genes encoding IKr (KCNH2/KCNE2) and IKs (KCNQ1/KCNE1) channels have been identified in some types of the congenital long QT syndrome. This review concentrates on the function, molecular determinants, regulation and, particularly, on the mechanism of action of drugs modulating the K+ channels present in the sarcolemma of human cardiac myocytes that contribute to the different phases of the cardiac action potential under physiological and pathological conditions.
Peripheral nerve regeneration by microbraided poly(L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) biodegradable polymer fibers (2003)

Tiny tubes with fiber architecture were developed by a novel method of fabrication upon introducing some modification to the microbraiding technique, to function as nerve guide conduit and the feasibility of in vivo nerve regeneration was investigated through several of these conduits. Poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (10:90) polymer fibers being biocompatible and biodegradable were used for the fabrication of the conduits. The microbraided nerve guide conduits (MNGCs) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy to study the surface morphology and fiber arrangement. Degradation tests were performed and the micrographs of the conduit showed that the degradation of the conduit is by fiber breakage indicating bulk hydrolysis of the polymer. Biological performances of the conduits were examined in the rat sciatic nerve model with a 12-mm gap. After implantation of the MNGC to the right sciatic nerve of the rat, there was no inflammatory response. One week after implantation, a thin tissue capsule was formed on the outer surface of the conduit, indicating good biological response of the conduit. Fibrin matrix cable formation was seen inside the MNGC after 1 week implantation. One month after implantation, 9 of 10 rats showed successful nerve regeneration. None of the implanted tubes showed tube breakage. The MNGCs were flexible, permeable, and showed no swelling apart from its other advantages. Thus, these new poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) microbraided conduits can be effective aids for nerve regeneration and repair and may lead to clinical applications.
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of influenza (1999)

Influenza A, B and C all have a segmented genome, although only certain influenza A subtypes and influenza B cause severe disease in humans. The two major proteins of influenza are the surface glycoproteins-haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA is the major antigen for neutralizing antibodies and is involved in the binding of virus particles to receptors on host cells. Pandemics are a result of novel virus subtypes of influenza A, created by reassortment of the segmented genome (antigenic shift), whereas annual epidemics are a result of evolution of the surface antigens of influenza A and B virus (antigenic drift). The rapid evolution of influenza viruses highlights the importance of surveillance in identifying novel circulating strains. Infectivity of influenza depends on the cleavage of HA by specific host proteases, whereas NA is involved in the release of progeny virions from the cell surface and prevents clumping of newly formed virus. In birds, the natural hosts of influenza, the virus causes gastrointestinal infection and is transmitted via the faeco-oral route. Virulent avian influenza strains, which cause systemic disease, have an HA that is cleaved by proteases present in all cells of the body, rather than by proteases restricted to the intestinal tract. In mammals, replication of influenza subtypes appears restricted to respiratory epithelial cells. Most symptoms and complications, therefore, involve the respiratory tract. However, systemic complications are sometimes observed and other viral genes besides the HA, including the NA, may be involved in determination of virulence of influenza strains in mammals.
Thalidomide plus oral melphalan for advanced multiple myeloma: a phase II study. (2003)

Thalidomide exerts synergistic or additive effects when combined with other drugs. This study reports the toxicity and efficacy of the combination of thalidomide plus oral melphalan in 27 patients with advanced multiple myeloma. We found that this combination induces a high response rate and a long progression-free survival without significantly increasing thalidomide-related toxicity.
A New Property of MCM-41:  Drug Delivery System (2000)

A new application of MCM-41 mesoporous materials has been developed. Two kinds of surfactants, C16TAB and C12TAB, have been employed to get different pore sizes. The samples were disk-shaped conformed before and after charging with ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug. In all the cases the weight percent ratio of drug/MCM-41 was 30%. The drug release plots show a different behavior depending on the method for charging the drug in the material but not on the employed surfactant.
Evidence for a molten globule state as a general intermediate in protein folding (1990)

The folding of globular proteins occurs through intermediate states whose characterisation provides information about the mechanism of folding. A major class of intermediate states is the compact 'molten globule', whose characteristics have been studied intensively in those conditions in which it is stable (at acid pH, high temperatures and intermediate concentrations of strong denaturants). In studies involving bovine carbonic anhydrase, human alpha-lact-albumin, bovine beta-lactoglobulin, yeast phosphoglycerate kinase, beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus and recombinant human interleukin 1 beta, we have demonstrated that a transient intermediate which accumulates during refolding is compact and has the properties of the 'molten globule' state. We show that it is formed within 0.1-0.2 s. These proteins belong to different structural types (beta, alpha + beta and alpha/beta), with and without disulphide bridges and they include proteins with quite different times of complete folding (from seconds to decades of minutes). We propose that the formation of the transient molten globule state occurs early on the pathway of folding of all globular proteins.
Effect of read-mapping biases on detecting allele-specific expression from RNA-sequencing data (2009)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Field-Effect Mobility of Organic Polymer Thin-Film Transistors (2004)

We present a method of extracting the field-effect mobility from the transfer characteristics of organic polymer thin-film transistors (OP-TFTs), in both the linear and saturation regimes, by accounting for the dependence of the mobility on the gate bias, which translates to a dependence on the accumulated density of majority charge carriers in the channel. This method is compared to the commonly used extraction methods, which are based on the standard MOSFET square-law drain current equations that do not account for the variation of mobility with the applied gate bias. We show that by using the standard MOSFET equations, the extracted field-effect mobility can be significantly overestimated. We also demonstrate the use of the proposed method to extract the field-effect mobility at different measurement temperatures and present the dependence of the extracted parameters on temperature.
Activation of monocyte effector genes and STAT family transcription factors by inflammatory synovial fluid is independent of interferon γ. (1995)

Activated monocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. Blood monocytes which enter the inflamed joint become activated upon adherence to extracellular matrix and exposure to a complex inflammatory environment. We have analyzed the mechanism of monocyte activation by soluble factors present in inflammatory synovial fluid (SF). Greater than 75% of inflammatory SFs tested (a total of 22 fluids to date) increased cell surface expression and dramatically increased mRNA levels of monocyte activation markers Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RIII, and HLA-DRA. This induction was not triggered by adherence, a known activating stimulus, and several lines of evidence showed that induction was not dependent upon interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Induction was not prevented by neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma antibodies and IFN-gamma was not detected in the SFs using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The SFs also were not able to activate the IFN-gamma-activated transcription factor Stat1, thus providing further support for the absence of IFN-gamma. SFs did activate a related signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family factor, termed Stat-SF, which bound specifically to the IFN-gamma response region (GRR), a well-characterized transcription element in the Fc gamma RI promoter. Based upon DNA-binding specificity and mobilities in gel shift assays, and reactivity with specific antisera, Stat-SF likely contains Stat3, or a closely related STAT family member. Neutralization of interleukin 6, a cytokine present in SFs which is known to activate Stat3, abolished the activation of Stat-SF and inhibited the induction of Fc gamma RI expression by SFs. These results demonstrate the activation of monocytes by inflammatory SF and suggest that monocyte activation at an inflammatory site may occur in the absence of IFN-gamma through the triggering of signal transduction pathways that activate STAT transcription factors.
Tubulointerstitial disease in glomerulonephritis. Potential role of osteopontin (uropontin). (1994)

Interstitial inflammation and tubular injury accompany most types of glomerulonephritis and are likely to mediate progressive renal injury. We hypothesized that the interstitial monocyte/macrophage accumulation in nephritis involves osteopontin, a cell attachment glycoprotein that avidly binds macrophages in vitro and induces a macrophage-rich infiltrate on subcutaneous injection in mice (Singh et al, J Exp Med, 1990, 171: 1931). In this study, we demonstrate that osteopontin messenger RNA and protein levels are up-regulated in a proportion of proximal and distal tubules in three experimental models of glomerulonephritis. In all three models, the expression of osteopontin initially precedes histological evidence of tubular injury, but is correlated with subsequent sites of monocyte/macrophage accumulation and tubular damage. Osteopontin expression also correlates with the severity of the tubulointerstitial injury, being greatest in amino-nucleoside nephrosis. These data suggest that 1) osteopontin is up-regulated in tubules in glomerular disease; 2) osteopontin may be important for macrophage accumulation at specific sites in diseased tissue; and 3) osteopontin may therefore have a role in the pathogenesis of the tubulointerstitial injury that accompanies glomerulonephritis.
Organic Catalysis for Ring-Opening Polymerization (2012)

Organic catalysis in ring-opening polymerization (ROP) has become a powerful alternative to more traditional metal-based catalysts. The field has developed to a point at which there are not only excellent low cost and easy to use organocatalysts for day-to-day polymerizations, but the ability to precisely control the synthesis of advanced polymer architectures and ROP monomers that are extremely challenging to polymerize with other catalysts now exists. This viewpoint article will highlight the key advances in organocatalyst design with the aim of encouraging the wider application of organic catalysts in ROP.
Formation of tubuloreticular inclusions in human lymphoma cells compared to the induction of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase by leucocyte interferon in dose-effect and kinetic studies. (1984)

Exposure of human lymphoblastoid cell cultures to leukocyte interferon initiated the formation of membranous tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI) within the endoplasmic reticulum or perinuclear envelope. In four different cell lines originating from patients with lymphocytic cancers (Daudi, Raji, H-SB2, and SB), this unique ultrastructural effect displayed a log-linear relationship to increasing doses of interferon-alpha and was dose and time dependent. TRI morphogenesis began within 12 hr in Daudi or Raji cells exposed continuously to 500 IU of leukocyte interferon/ml, but only at 20 hr after 2- to 4-hr pulse exposures to 50 to 100 IU/ml. The TRI accumulation, determined by thin-section counts, reached maximal levels of up to 16% of cell sections within 48 to 72 hr. Experiments with Raji cells indicated a decrease in TRI formation during successive cell divisions; detection of TRI after a pulse of interferon was enhanced when DNA replication was arrested. TRI morphogenesis appeared to be independent of several other known biological actions of interferons. It manifested later than the induction of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity which has been correlated with establishment of the antiviral state and occurred in cell lines, including DaudiKIFNR, which resist the growth-inhibitory effects of leukocyte interferon. Participation of new polypeptide synthesis was indicated by experiments with inhibitors of transcription (actinomycin D) or translation (cycloheximide): TRI morphogenesis was blocked when actinomycin D was added 4 hr after interferon and was reduced when cycloheximide was added for the interval of 13 to 23 hr after interferon.
Biristor—Bistable Resistor Based on a Silicon Nanowire (2010)

A circuit element, named bistable resistor (or <emphasis emphasistype="boldital" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">biristor</emphasis> ), is proposed. The biristor has two stable resistance states. A high resistance state and low leakage current are maintained until an applied voltage reaches a latch-up voltage to trigger an avalanche effect. A low resistance state and high current are attained at voltage above the latch up. The low resistance state is latched until the applied voltage decreases down to the latch-down voltage. Bistable resistance states are achieved between the latch-down and the latch-up voltage. In addition, an optical stimulus appears to reduce the latch voltages.
A Framework for selfregulation in venture capital and private equity: Evidence in European Markets (2004)

This paper proposes a conceptual framework based on both environmental and industrial factors that could explain, in aggregated terms, capital flows within venture capital and private equity markets. The interaction between supply and demand is directly affected by three conditions: the size of the domestic market, the accessibility of a stock market for growing companies and the entrepreneurial environment. Evidence is found on the significant impact of all three conditions on the aggregated commitments to venture capital and private equity organizations in a panel of sixteen European countries. Prior to its inclusion in our model, we find evidence of the impact that several instruments related to the entrepreneurial environment exert on investments.
Far upstream regulatory elements enhance position-independent and uterus-specific expression of the murine alpha1(I) collagen promoter in transgenic mice. (1999)

The stage- and tissue-specific expression of many eukaryotic genes is regulated by cis-regulatory elements, some of which are located in proximity to the start site of transcription whereas others have been identified at considerable distances. In previous studies we have identified far upstream DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the murine alpha1(I) collagen (Col1a1) gene, which may play a role in the regulation of this abundantly expressed gene. Here we have cloned several of these sites into reporter gene constructs containing the Col1a1 promoter driving the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene and tested their possible functions in transfection experiments and transgenic mice. In transient and stable transfections none of the hypersensitive sites had a significant effect on Col1a1 promoter activity, indicating that they do not contain a classical transcriptional enhancer. In transgenic animals one element located at -18 to -19.5 kb enhanced the position-independent activity of the linked Col1a1 promoter and may be part of a locus control region. Another element located at -7 to -8 kb specifically enhanced reporter gene expression in the uteri of transgenic mice, suggesting that it contains a novel transcriptional enhancer that may be involved in the regulation of type I collagen expression in tissue remodeling in the uterus during the estrous cycle. Our studies also demonstrate the versatility of the GFP reporter gene for use in transgenic animals because it can be analyzed in live animals, whole mount embryos, histological thin sections, or primary cell cultures, and it can be quantified very sensitively in tissue or cell extracts using a fluorometer.