gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bolus Vasopressin During Hemorrhagic Shock? (2006)

To the Editor: In their case report, Sharma and Setlur (1) report two hypotensive patients whose blood pressures were poorly responsive to catecholamines but then increased in response to infusions of 0.04 U/min of vasopressin. One patient's arterial blood pressure started increasing after 1 h of vasopressin; the other's began increasing after 30 min. There was no mention of either patient receiving an initial bolus dose of vasopressin. The accompanying editorial recognized that there are limited clinical data on timing and dosage of vasopressin administration (2). These articles support the idea that vasopressin has a valuable role, although controlled studies are needed and dosing guidelines need to be established (2). With many medications, a bolus is often given before an infusion to obtain a more rapid response. However, because of the potential side effects and lack of supporting data, one may hesitate to administer a bolus of vasopressin. For this reason, I present some of my experience with bolus vasopressin. During open abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery, patients will sometimes develop hypotension not responsive to catecholamines during bowel retraction. I will then administer 1 or 2 boluses of vasopressin, 0.4 U, by IV push. This is typically sufficient to treat the hypotension. I have not observed any evidence of myocardial ischemia by electrocardiogram monitoring. The dose of 0.4 U is 2 orders of magnitude less than the 40 U recommended in Advanced Cardiac Life Support protocols. Admittedly, this is a very different situation than hemorrhagic shock. However, my experience provides some support to the safety of 0.4 U IV push vasopressin in a patient population who is at increased risk for myocardial ischemia. I present this not as a recommendation but as a starting point for adequate and well-controlled studies to establish the safety and efficacy of bolus vasopressin for rapid correction of hypotension. Jonathan V. Roth, MD Department of Anesthesiology Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, PA [email protected]
A survey of current software for network analysis in molecular biology (2010)

Software for network motifs and modules is briefly reviewed, along with programs for network comparison. The three major software packages for network analysis, CYTOSCAPE, INGENUITY and PATHWAY STUDIO, and their associated databases, are compared in detail. A comparative test evaluated how these software packages perform the search for key terms and the creation of network from those terms and from experimental expression data.
Photuris: Session-Key Management Protocol (1999)

Photuris is a session-key management protocol intended for use with the IP Security Protocols (AH and ESP). This document defines the basic protocol mechanisms.
Effect of tween 20 on freeze-thawing- and agitation-induced aggregation of recombinant human factor XIII (1998)

Agitation- and freeze-thawing-induced aggregation of recombinant human factor XIII (rFXIII) is due to interfacial adsorption and denaturation at the air-liquid and ice-liquid interfaces. The aggregation pathway proceeds through soluble aggregates to formation of insoluble aggregates regardless of the denaturing stimuli. A nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), greatly reduces the rate of formation of insoluble aggregates as a function of surfactant concentration, thereby stabilizing native rFXIII. Maximum protection occurs at concentrations close to the critical micelle concentration (cmc), independent of initial protein concentration. To study the mechanistic aspects of the surfactant-induced stabilization, a series of spectroscopic studies were conducted. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy indicates that binding is not occurring between Tween 20 and either the native state or a folding intermediate state of rFXIII. Further, circular dichroism spectroscopy suggests that Tween 20 does not prevent the secondary structural changes induced upon guanidinium hydrochloride-induced unfolding. Taken together, these results imply that Tween 20 protects rFXIII against freeze-thawing- and agitation-induced aggregation primarily by competing with stress-induced soluble aggregates for interfaces, inhibiting subsequent transition to insoluble aggregates.
Mutations in the C-terminal fragment of DnaK affecting peptide binding. (1996)

Escherichia coli DnaK acts as a molecular chaperone through its ATP-regulated binding and release of polypeptide substrates. Overexpressing a C-terminal fragment (CTF) of DnaK (Gly-384 to Lys-638) containing the polypeptide substrate binding domain is lethal in wild-type E. coli. This dominant-negative phenotype may result from the nonproductive binding of CTF to cellular polypeptide targets of DnaK. Mutations affecting DnaK substrate binding were identified by selecting noncytotoxic CTF mutants followed by in vitro screening. The clustering of such mutations in the three-dimensional structure of CTF suggests the model that loops L1,2 and L4,5 form a rigid core structure critical for interactions with substrate.
Biomolecular Advances in Gastrointestinal Hormones (1993)

Gastrointestinal hormones are chemical messengers that regulate a broad range of physiologic functions. Although primarily expressed within tissues of the gut, these peptide hormones are widely distributed throughout the body and act on multiple target tissues. Furthermore, these regulatory peptides can exist in multiple molecular forms that may bind to multiple cell-surface receptors coupled to one of several possible signal transduction systems leading to diverse biologic responses. With such an expansive field to study, it is not surprising that gut endocrinologists have embraced the new techniques that are emerging from the revolution of molecular biology. Beginning with the first construction of a recombinant DNA molecule by Paul Berg in 1971, molecular biology has developed many new techniques that have been rapidly adopted by gut endocrinologists to enable a more detailed understanding of gastrointestinal function. The merging of these two fields has led to a new area of research, molecular gut endocrinology, or the study of gut physiology and endocrinology at the level of individual molecules (ranging from polypeptide-surface receptors to small-molecule second messengers to DNA sequences). Gut cells are constantly bombarded by numerous hormones, and the tightly regulated physiologic status of each cell is becoming more clearly understood.
Pyridopyrimidines (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Exploiting scratch-pad memory using Presburger formulas (2001)

Effective utilization of on-chip storage space is important from both performance (execution cycles) and memory system energy consumptions perspectives. While on-chip cache memories have been widely used in the past, several factors, including lack of data access time predictability and limited effectiveness of compiler optimizations, indicate that they may not be the best candidate for portable/embedded devices. This paper presents a compiler-directed on-chip scratch-pad memory (software-managed on-chip memory) management strategy for data accesses. Our strategy is oriented towards minimizing the number of data transfers between off-chip memory and the scratch-pad memory, thereby exploiting reuse for the data residing in the scratch-pad memory. We report experimental data from our implementation showing the usefulness of our technique.
Matrix Metalloproteinases as Novel Disease Markers in Takayasu Arteritis (2003)

The present results indicate that MMP-2 can be helpful in diagnosing TA and that MMP-3 and MMP-9 can be used as activity markers for TA.
Nonlinear Oscillations (1962)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Nicholas Minorsky, T. Teichmann; Nonlinear Oscillations. Physics Today 1 September 1962; 15 (9): 63–65. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3058390 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Association of bacterial carbohydrate-specific cold agglutinin antibody production with immunization by group C, group B type III, and Streptococcus pneumoniae type XIV streptococcal vaccines (1983)

Rabbits immunized with group B type III, group C, and Streptococcus pneumoniae type XIV streptococcal vaccines developed autoantibodies reactive with autologous and isologous erythrocytes and human O-positive erythrocytes at reduced temperatures. The cold agglutinin antibodies were present in both the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG fractions of group C streptococcal antiserum and in the IgM fraction of group B type III and S. pneumoniae type XIV antisera. BALB/c, CF1, and local strains of mice immunized with group B type III and S. pneumoniae type XIV streptococcal vaccines also produced a cold agglutinin antibody reactive with rabbit and human erythrocytes. The cold agglutinin antibodies were reactive with saccharide compounds representative of the determinants present on the individual bacterial carbohydrate structures, individual vaccine preparations, and isolated polysaccharides. The group C antibodies in rabbits were reactive with sugar ligands in the following order: N-acetylgalactosamine greater than melibiose greater than lactose greater than galactose greater than glucose. Group B type III and S. pneumoniae type XIV cold agglutinin antibodies in rabbit antisera, however, displayed reactivities different from group C antibodies and from each other. Group B type III antibodies reacted with galactose greater than lactose greater than N-acetylgalactosamine greater than glucose greater than rhamnose; S. pneumoniae type XIV antibodies reacted with lactose greater than melibiose greater than galactose greater than glucose greater than N-acetylgalactosamine. The same relative ligand specificity was observed for the cold agglutinin antibodies in S. pneumoniae type XIV mouse antisera. The cold agglutinin antibodies in group B type III and S. pneumoniae type XIV antiserum reacted with erythrocytes at higher temperatures (up to 31 degrees C) than did group C antibodies (up to 14 degrees C). In addition, S. pneumoniae type XIV antibodies did not discriminate between I- or i-bearing human erythrocytes to a significant extent. The results obtained provide substantial evidence that autoreactive cold agglutinin antibodies produced by immunization with these vaccines represent subpopulations of bacterial carbohydrate-specific antibodies that cross-react with mammalian carbohydrate structures.
New triazine derivatives as potent modulators of multidrug resistance (1992)

A series of 70 triazine derivatives have been synthesized and tested for their capacity to modulate multidrug resistance (MDR) in DC-3F/AD and KB-A1 tumor cells in vitro, in comparison with verapamil (VRP), a calcium channel antagonist currently used in therapy as an antihypertensive drug, which also shows MDR modulating activity. Among the 12 selected compounds, 16 (S9788) showed high MDR reversing properties in vitro (300- and 6-fold VRP at 5 microM in DC-3F/AD and KB-A1 cells, respectively) and induced a strong accumulation of adriamycin. The relationship between the increase of ADR accumulation and the fold reversal induced by these compounds and their lack of effects on the sensitive DC-3F cells suggest that they act mainly by inhibiting the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) catalyzed efflux of cytotoxic agents, as already described for a majority of MDR modulators. In vivo, in association with the antitumor drug vincristine (0.25 mg/kg), 16 (100 mg/kg) increased the T/C by 39% in mice bearing the resistant tumor cell line P388/VCR. According to these interesting properties, 16 was selected for a clinical development because it was more bioavailable than 34, even though it was less active.
Localization of a bacterial protein in starch granules of transgenic maize kernels (2003)

The B subunit of Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin (LT-B) is a potent oral immunogen with potential for use as a vaccine, a carrier molecule to deliver antigens to gut-associated lymphoid tissues, and possibly an adjuvant to make coadministered vaccines more effective. LT-B produced in plants was shown to be functional and immunogenic in animals and humans. In this work, we show that maize-derived LT-B is strongly associated with starch granules in endosperm. Using immunogold labeling/electron microscopy, cell fractionation, and protein analysis techniques, we observed that LT-B protein could be detected both internally and externally in starch granules. This strong association confers an effective copurification of the antigen with the starch fraction of maize kernels, thermostability desirable in maize processing, and resistance to peptic degradation in simulated gastric fluid digests, an important attribute for an orally delivered antigen.
Anatomy of female puberty: The clinical relevance of developmental changes in the reproductive system (2012)

Puberty is the period of biologic transition from childhood to adulthood. The changes that occur at this time are related to the increasing concentrations of sex steroid hormones. In females, most pubertal changes are caused by estrogen stimulation that results from the onset of central puberty. Significant development occurs in the organs of the female reproductive system and results in anatomic changes that characterize reproductive maturity. Adrenal and ovarian androgens also increase during puberty, affecting change that includes the promotion of certain secondary sex characteristics. The ability to recognize normal pubertal anatomy and distinguish between estrogen and androgen effects is important in the ability to diagnose and treat disorders of sex development, precocious puberty, pubertal delay, and menstrual irregularities in children and adolescents. An understanding of this developmental process can also help clinicians identify and treat reproductive pathology in adults and across all female life stages.
Adaptive interpolation technique for scanning rate conversion (1996)

An adaptive technique for scanning rate conversion and interpolation is proposed. This technique performs better than the edge-based line average algorithm, especially for an image with more horizontal edges. Moreover, it is easy to implement and a simple VLSI architecture is proposed. Computer simulation shows that a 37.0 dB image can be obtained via our proposed technique, while edge-based line average algorithm only achieves 35.2 dB.
A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes (2003)

A nomenclature is described for restriction endonucleases, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and related genes and gene products. It provides explicit categories for the many different Type II enzymes now identified and provides a system for naming the putative genes found by sequence analysis of microbial genomes.
The epigenetic landscape of T cell exhaustion (2016)

Exhausted T cells in cancer and chronic viral infection express distinctive patterns of genes, including sustained expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). However, the regulation of gene expression in exhausted T cells is poorly understood. Here, we define the accessible chromatin landscape in exhausted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and show that it is distinct from functional memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Exhausted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in humans and a mouse model of chronic viral infection acquire a state-specific epigenetic landscape organized into functional modules of enhancers. Genome editing shows that PD-1 expression is regulated in part by an exhaustion-specific enhancer that contains essential RAR, T-bet, and Sox3 motifs. Functional enhancer maps may offer targets for genome editing that alter gene expression preferentially in exhausted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells.
Iterative restaining as a pivotal tool for n‐color immunophenotyping by slide‐based cytometry (2006)

Iterative restaining might prove to be a pivotal tool for n-color immunophenotyping exclusive to SBC concepts.
Treatment of sickle cell anemia with 5-azacytidine results in increased fetal hemoglobin production and is associated with nonrandom hypomethylation of DNA around the gamma-delta-beta-globin gene complex. (1983)

Increased production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) was observed in a patient with sickle cell anemia treated with 5-azacytidine. Each of four courses of therapy resulted in a rapid and prolonged increase in the percentage of HbF containing reticulocytes (F reticulocytes) and HbF containing erythrocytes (F cells). The percentage of HbF in peripheral blood rose from 1.8 to 8.9%. The rise in HbF production was accompanied by an increase in peripheral blood hemoglobin concentration from 8 to 12 g/dl and an increase in mean erythrocyte volume. Treatment with 5-azacytidine resulted in hypomethylation of total genomic and a Y-chromosome-specific DNA fragment isolated from both peripheral blood and bone marrow. Of 15 restriction enzyme sites around the gamma-delta-beta-globin gene complex, only 2 became hypomethylated: one 107 bases 5' to the gamma G and the other 107 bases 5' to the gamma A globin genes.
Graft-versus-leukemia effects of transplantation and donor lymphocytes (2008)

Allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic cells is an effective treatment of leukemia, even in advanced stages. Allogeneic lymphocytes produce a strong graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, but the beneficial effect is limited by graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Depletion of T cells abrogates GVHD and GVL effects. Delayed transfusion of donor lymphocytes into chimeras after T cell-depleted stem cell transplantation produces a GVL effect without necessarily producing GVHD. Chimerism and tolerance provide a platform for immunotherapy using donor lymphocytes. The allogeneic GVL effects vary from one disease to another, the stage of the disease, donor histocompatibility, the degree of chimerism, and additional treatment. Immunosuppressive therapy before donor lymphocyte transfusions may augment the effect as well as concomitant cytokine treatment. Possible target antigens are histocompatibility antigens and tumor-associated antigens. Immune escape of tumor cells and changes in the reactivity of T cells are to be considered. Durable responses may be the result of the elimination of leukemia stem cells or the establishment of a durable immune control on their progeny. Recently, we have learned from adoptive immunotherapy of viral diseases and HLA-haploidentical stem cell transplantation that T-cell memory may be essential for the effective treatment of leukemia and other malignancies.
Advances in Bonding Technology for Electronic Packaging (1993)

Recent progress in bonding materials is briefly reviewed with highlights of some of the advantages and disadvantages of the various attachment processes. The principle and experimental results of bonding with multilayer structures of Au-Sn and Au-In are presented. Using solid state as well as liquid phase diffusion of the multilayers, bonding temperatures less than the final melting point of the alloy can be used. This technique therefore allows reversal of the conventional soldering step hierarchy allowing a higher temperature process to follow the multilayer bonding step. Proper deposition of the multilayers inhibits oxidation of tin or indium. Die attachment experiments confirmed that high quality bonding can be obtained as seen in the void-free bonding layer images done by scanning acoustic microscopy. Cross-section examinations with SEM and EDX show near-eutectic alloy formation of good uniformity. Thermal shock tests confirmed the high strength of these solder alloys.
Chemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Studies of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) Composites (1999)

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) composites have been prepared from aqueous and aqueous acetonitrile solutions of EDOT and NaPSS by oxidation using Fe(III) salts. Powders with PEDOT to PSS ratios ranging from 0.3 to 4.2 and electronic conductivities as high as 10 S cm-1 have been obtained in good yields. The PEDOT/PSS blends are cation exchangers and exhibit facile eletrochemistry in both aqueous and acetonitrile media. Impedance measurements have shown that 30 μm thick PEDOT/PSS layers have proton conductivities as high as 0.03 S cm-1.
p38 MAP kinase inhibition enables proliferation of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes (2005)

Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes are considered terminally differentiated and incapable of proliferation. Consequently, acutely injured mammalian hearts do not regenerate, they scar. Here, we show that adult mammalian cardiomyocytes can divide. One important mechanism used by mammalian cardiomyocytes to control cell cycle is p38 MAP kinase activity. p38 regulates expression of genes required for mitosis in cardiomyocytes, including cyclin A and cyclin B. p38 activity is inversely correlated with cardiac growth during development, and its overexpression blocks fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation. Activation of p38 in vivo by MKK3bE reduces BrdU incorporation in fetal cardiomyocytes by 17.6%. In contrast, cardiac-specific p38alpha knockout mice show a 92.3% increase in neonatal cardiomyocyte mitoses. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 in adult cardiomyocytes promotes cytokinesis. Finally, mitosis in adult cardiomyocytes is associated with transient dedifferentiation of the contractile apparatus. Our findings establish p38 as a key negative regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation and indicate that adult cardiomyocytes can divide.
Minimizing fucosylation in insect cell‐derived glycoproteins reduces binding to IgE antibodies from the sera of patients with allergy (2014)

Abstract The baculovirus/insect cell system has proven to be a very powerful tool for the expression of several therapeutics. Nevertheless, these products sometimes suffer from reduced biological activity and unwanted side effects. Several studies have demonstrated that glycosylation can greatly influence the structure, function, half‐life, antigenicity and immunogenicity of various glycoproteins. Yet, the glycosylation pattern of insect cell‐derived products is not favorable for many applications. Especially, the presence of core α1,3‐linked fucose bears the risk of causing immediate hypersensitivity reactions in patients with allergy. In this study, we evaluated the impact of fucose residues on the allergenic potential of an insect cell‐expressed vaccine candidate. In order to block the GDP‐ L ‐fucose de novo synthesis pathway, we integrated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa GDP‐6‐deoxy‐ D ‐lyxo‐4‐hexulose reductase (RMD) gene into a baculovirus backbone. This virus was then used for the expression of soluble influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA). Expression studies showed that the co‐expression of RMD did not influence the overall level of recombinant protein secretion. We confirmed the result of our strategy by analyzing PNGase A‐released N ‐glycans using MALDI‐TOF‐MS. In order to evaluate the biological impact of defucosylation of influenza HA we tested the binding activity of IgE derived from the sera of patients with allergy to the purified antigen. The non‐fucosylated HA showed a 10‐fold decrease in IgE binding levels as compared to wildtype variants. same article under 10.1002/biot.201400061 .