gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of human plasma lipid transfer proteins. (1984)

A highly purified protein that facilitates the exchange and net mass transfer of cholesteryl ester (CE), and triacylglycerol (TG), and the transfer of phosphatidylcholine (PC), between plasma lipoproteins was isolated from the d-1.21-1.25 g/ml plasma fraction. Transfer activities showed similar distributions through ultracentrifugation, phenyl-Sepharose, DEAE-Sepharose, CM-cellulose, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The lipid transfer protein appears to be an acidic protein with an apparent molecular weight of 64,000 +/- 1600 (n = 4) on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an apparent molecular weight of 65,000 by gel filtration chromatography, and has a pI of 5.0 +/- 0.2 (n = 5) by both analytical isoelectricfocusing and chromatofocusing. The purified transfer protein facilitated the net mass transfer of CE from high density lipoprotein (HDL) or low density lipoprotein (LDL) to very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and the net mass transfer of TG from VLDL to LDL or HDL. Chromatography of lipid transfer protein fractions on a heparin-Sepharose column yielded two separate fractions with PC transfer activity. The first fraction did not bind to heparin column, was relatively resistant to elevated temperature (at 58 degrees C, only 5% activity was lost in 1 hour) and eluted with the CE and TG transfer activities which were also temperature-resistant. The second PC transfer activity bound to the heparin column and was temperature-sensitive (at 58 degrees C, 90% activity was lost in 1 hour). Addition of the temperature-resistant lipid transfer fraction (LTP-1) and purified lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) to whole plasma stimulated the endogenous plasma cholesterol esterification rate by approximately 50%, whereas addition of either LTP-1 or LCAT only slightly enhanced the esterification rate. The transfer of CE, TG, and PC was mediated by a temperature-resistant plasma protein or proteins with very similar properties. Plasma also contained a distinct lipid transfer protein which was temperature-sensitive and facilitated the transfer of PC, but not CE or TG.
A cationic region of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain (Arg159-Lys160-Lys161) is required for receptor binding and mitogenic activity of the PDGF-AA homodimer (1993)

Platelet-derived growth factor-AA and -BB homodimers and -AB heterodimers bind with high affinity to the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) alpha-receptor. Basic polypeptides such as polylysine and protamine sulfate compete with PDGF for receptor binding, suggesting a role for ligand positive charge in the binding interaction. A pentapeptide amino acid sequence with a cationic tripeptide core is perfectly conserved between the A- and B-chains (Val158-Arg159-Lys160-Lys161-Pro162) and was therefore considered as a possible alpha-receptor-binding domain. We have investigated the functional importance of positive charge within this region of the PDGF A-chain by using site-directed mutagenesis to convert the cationic core amino acids to the acidic sequence triglutamic acid. cDNAs encoding wild-type (PDGF-AAwt) and charge mutant (PDGF-AAcm) proteins were expressed following stable transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Proper assembly and secretion of PDGF-AAcm was verified by metabolic labeling with [35S]cysteine, immunoprecipitation, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis under nonreducing and reducing conditions. PDGF-AAcm was secreted as two major species of disulfide-linked A-chain homodimers identical in molecular mass to those observed for PDGF-AAwt (32 and 35 kDa). Secreted PDGF-AAwt and PDGF-AAcm proteins were purified to homogeneity and subjected to structural and functional analyses. Compared to purified PDGF-AAwt, PDGF-AAcm displayed a marked reduction in both binding affinity for PDGF alpha-receptors and mitogenic activity in Swiss 3T3 cells. Large reductions were also observed in the ability of semipurified PDGF-AAcm to stimulate calcium influx and the production of inositol phosphates. Measurement of circular dichroism spectra of highly purified PDGF-AAcm and PDGF-AAwt revealed no significant difference in secondary structure. Collectively, these results indicate that the cationic Arg159-Lys160-Lys161 region plays a critical role in the biological activity of PDGF-AA by direct participation in ligand binding to the PDGF alpha-receptor.
Single Domain Antibodies Derived from Dromedary Lymph Node and Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Sensing Conformational Variants of Prostate-specific Antigen (2004)

The importance of the lymphocyte source to generate hybridomas or to construct antibody gene libraries from which to identify potent monoclonal antibodies is understudied. However, the few comparative studies that exist seem to favor the lymph node tissue as a B-cell source. Here the peripheral blood and lymph node lymphocytes of a dromedary immunized with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) have been employed to clone two independent gene banks of the variable domains of heavy-chain antibodies (i.e. the VHHs). Several PSA-specific VHHs were retrieved after panning of these phage-displayed VHH libraries. Some of them were derived from the same B-cell lineage, possibly reflecting the restricted primary repertoire of heavy-chain antibodies. Other binders originated from different B-cell lineages and apparently converged toward a striking homologous amino acid sequence motif in their CDR3. This illustrates the strong somatic hypermutation and stringent antigen-driven selection ongoing in these animals. Although the various antigen binders exhibit a broad range of kinetic rate constants for their interaction with the PSA, leading to equilibrium constants from 70 pM to 100 nM, no significant difference existed between the binders from the two B-cell sources. The VHHs of both libraries were categorized in three groups based on nonoverlapping epitopes. Some of these VHHs could inhibit and others could enhance the proteolytic activity of the antigen. Remarkably, VHHs seem to sense or induce conformational changes on different PSA isoforms, a feature that might be exploited to study the PSA conformational flexibility and to discriminate the stages of prostate cancer.
Effect of genome size and rrn gene copy number on PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes from a mixture of bacterial species (1995)

In order to assess the effect of genome size and number of 16S rRNA genes (rDNAs) on the quantities of PCR-generated partial 16S rDNA fragments, equimolar amounts of DNA from pairs of different species for which these parameters are known were subjected to gene amplification. The experimentally determined ratio of PCR products obtained, as determined by image analysis of SYBR-Green I-stained amplification products, corresponded well with the predicted ratio calculated from the number of rrn genes per equimolar amounts of DNA in mixtures of Escherichia coli and "Thermus thermophilus" and of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and "T. thermophilus." The values for the pair of Bacillus subtilis and "T. thermophilus" showed greater deviations from the predicted value. The dependence of the amount of 16S rDNA amplification product on these two parameters makes it impossible to quantify the number of species represented in 16S rDNA clone libraries of environmental samples as long as these two parameters are unknown for the species present.
Less than 1 dB per meter propagation loss of silica waveguides measured using a ring resonator (1994)

Phosphorus doped silica on silicon waveguide propagation loss, bend loss and their polarization dependence have been measured using a set of different radii ring resonators. For a 30 mm ring radius a finesse of 132 was measured and the inferred propagation loss was 0.85 dB/m, the lowest value yet reported. To characterize the finesse of the high Q resonator we proposed and used for the first time a stable Er/sup +3/ fiber grating laser source which was thermally tuned. This configuration provides improved and accurate measurements capability for finesse values in the range well beyond 100.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Differential effects of low dose CP122,288 and eletriptan on Fos expression due to stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus in cat ☆ (1999)

CP122,288, a conformationally restricted analogue of sumatriptan, is a highly potent inhibitor of neurogenic plasma protein extravasation (PPE) in rat and guinea pig at low doses where it has no 5HT1B-mediated vascular actions. We have examined its effect on a model of trigeminovascular nociception to assess the relative importance of vasoconstrictor and serotonin (5HT)(1B/1D) agonist activity to the modulation trigeminal neuronal activation. For comparison to activate relevant 5HT receptors, the clinically effective relatively lipophilic 5HT(1B/1D) agonist eletriptan was studied in parallel. The superior sagittal sinus was isolated in the alpha-chloralose (60 mg/kg, i.p. and 15-20 mg/kg i.v. supplement every 2 h) anaesthetized cat. Animals were prepared for stimulation and then maintained for 24 h before stimulation and perfusion for Fos immunohistochemistry. Stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus (250 micros, 100 V, 0.3 Hz) resulted in Fos expression in cells in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and superficial laminae of the dorsal horns of C(1-2). Administration of low dose CP122,288 (100 ng/kg) had no effect on Fos expression after sinus stimulation either when administered alone or in combination with mannitol; the latter to ensure access to the trigeminocervical complex. The number of cells in the superficial laminae of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis with stimulation being a median of 50 (quartile range: 47-53) and 48 (35-48) after CP122,288, and after CP122,288 and mannitol 45 (41-53). In comparison, the clinically effective 5HT(1B/1D) agonist, eletriptan, reduced Fos expression in the trigeminocervical complex to a median of 24 (21-33). These data demonstrate that the potent inhibitor of neurogenic plasma protein extravasation (PPE) CP122,288 has no effect on Fos expression in central trigeminal neurons when administered at a dose which blocks PPE in rat and guinea pig, but has no vasoconstrictor 5HT(1B/1D) activity, and while ensuring its access to central trigeminal neurons. The data suggest that activation of the 5HT(1B/1D) receptor is important for the clinical action of this class of compounds and is consistent with the fact the CP122,288 is ineffective in the treatment of the acute attack of migraine.
Activation of plasma complement by perfluorocarbon artificial blood: probable mechanism of adverse pulmonary reactions in treated patients and rationale for corticosteroids prophylaxis (1982)

Abstract Perfluorocarbons have shown promise as clinical blood substitutes. Although early experience in Japan with one such product--Fluosol-DA-- has been uncomplicated, we observed an adverse pulmonary reaction in the first American patient to receive it and know of similar reactions in two other Americans so treated. Postulating that activation of plasma complement (C) by the perfluorocarbon emulsion might have caused the reaction, we tested the product to determine if it is an activator of complement. Incubation of Fluosol with plasma led to C3 conversion, decrement in CH50, and generation of C5a-related PMN aggregating activity; EDTA prevented such activation, while EGTA did not, suggesting that it proceeded via the alternative C pathway. Infusion of Fluosol into rabbits produced hypoxemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and pulmonary leukostasis, mimicking abnormalities previously demonstrated in rabbits receiving infusions of zymosan-activated plasma C. These deleterious responses to Fluosol were diminished by premedicating rabbits with corticosteroids (which had seemed to benefit when used empirically in our patient). In vitro and in vivo, Fluosol's effects were reproduced by Pluronic F-68, the nonionic detergent used to maintain the emulsion stability of Fluosol-DA. We conclude that adverse reactions to Fluosol are probably mediated by C activation and that steroid premedication may prevent them in susceptible patients.
Variation-aware study of BJT-based capacitorless DRAM cell scaling limit (2012)

The scaling limit of the BJT-based capacitorless DRAM cell is investigated via 3-D process and device simulations, accounting for systematic and random sources of variation. The cell design and operating voltages are optimized at each gate length, following a constant electric field methodology. Retention time decreases with gate length, so that the scaling limit is expected to be 16.5 nm or 13 nm, depending on the application.
[Clinical study on effect of keeping perioperative normal body temperature on skin flap survival]. (2007)

Keeping normal body temperature can improve the survival of skin flap grafting. Therefore, the body temperature should be monitored and maintained in a normal range.
Adrenal and gonadal function in hypothyroid adult male rats (1997)

The functional relationship between thyroid, adrenal and gonadal hormones was investigated using adult male rats. Hypothyroidism was produced by the administration of 4-methyl-2-thiouracil (thiouracil) in the drinking water for 2 weeks. Plasma concentrations of TSH dramatically increased, whereas plasma concentrations of tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine decreased in thiouraciltreated rats as compared with euthyroid rats. Hypothyroidism increased basal levels of plasma ACTH and pituitary content of ACTH. The pituitary responsiveness to CRH for ACTH release markedly increased, whereas the adrenal responsiveness to ACTH for corticosterone release decreased. These results indicated that hypothyroidism causes adrenal dysfunction in adult male rats. Pituitary contents of LH and prolactin decreased in hypothyroid rats as compared with euthyroid rats. In addition, hypothyroidism lowered pituitary LH responsiveness to LHRH. Testicular responsiveness to human chorionic gonadotrophin for testosterone release, however, was not different between euthyroid and hypothyroid animals. These results indicated that hypothyroidism causes adrenal dysfunction and results in hypersecretion of ACTH from the pituitary gland. Adrenal dysfunction may contribute to the inhibition of LHRH secretion from the hypothalamus, possibly mediated by excess CRH.
Middleware challenges for wireless sensor networks (2002)

Middleware for sensor networks aims to support the development of applications for large populations of wirelessly connected nodes capable of computation, communication, and sensing. We examine the purpose, functionality, and characteristics of such middleware.
Combined use of stents and coils to treat experimental wide-necked carotid aneurysms: preliminary results. (1994)

Based on these preliminary results, we conclude that Guglielmi detachable coils can be introduced into an aneurysm cavity through Strecker stents. The stents allow tighter packing of wide-necked aneurysms by preventing coils from migrating or bulging into the parent arteries.
Using randomized response techniques for privacy-preserving data mining (2003)

Privacy is an important issue in data mining and knowledge discovery. In this paper, we propose to use the randomized response techniques to conduct the data mining computation. Specially, we present a method to build decision tree classifiers from the disguised data. We conduct experiments to compare the accuracy of our decision tree with the one built from the original undisguised data. Our results show that although the data are disguised, our method can still achieve fairly high accuracy. We also show how the parameter used in the randomized response techniques affects the accuracy of the results.
[New type recombinant antibody fragment scFv multimer and cancer targeting]. (2003)

New type recombinant antibody single chain variable fragment (scFv) is formed by the joined VH and VL domains of immunoglobulin with the used of a polypeptide linker that is at least 12 residues in length. scFv is the smallest functional unit of antibody and has shown a fine prospect for the radioimmunoscintigraphy of cancer because of its special characteristics including increased tumour penetration and fast clearance rates compared with parent Ig. A scFv molecule with a linker of 3-12 residues cannot fold into a functional Fv domain and instead associates with a second scFv molecule to form a bivalent dimer (Diabody). Reducing the linker length below three residues can force scFv association into trimers (Triabody) or tetramers (Tetrabody) depending on linker length, composition and V-domain orientation. This review describes linker length and V-domain orientation of scFv, expression and stability of scFv multimers, size of scFv multimers and its effect on in vivo pharmacokinetics, flexibility and avidity of scFv multimers, in vitro application of multimeric murine scFv, multispecific scFv multimers and cancer targeting.
Dissecting the clonal origins of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia by single-cell genomics (2014)

Many cancers have substantial genomic heterogeneity within a given tumor, and to fully understand that diversity requires the ability to perform single cell analysis. We performed targeted sequencing of a panel of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), deletions, and IgH sequences in 1,479 single tumor cells from six acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. By accurately segregating groups of cooccurring mutations into distinct clonal populations, we identified codominant clones in the majority of patients. Evaluation of intraclonal mutation patterns identified clone-specific punctuated cytosine mutagenesis events, showed that most structural variants are acquired before SNVs, determined that KRAS mutations occur late in disease development but are not sufficient for clonal dominance, and identified clones within the same patient that are arrested at varied stages in B-cell development. Taken together, these data order the sequence of genetic events that underlie childhood ALL and provide a framework for understanding the development of the disease at single-cell resolution.
Behaviour of low frequency spectra during arcing fault and switching events (1988)

Distribution feeder faults modulate primary current and generate noise through arcing phenomena. The variation and behaviors selected low frequencies during fault conditions are presented. These are contrasted with normal events such as feeder-switching and capacitor-bank operations. Recorded field data have been analyzed, and the statistical results are presented. Specific behavior characteristics such as arc duration, arc repetition rate, and magnitude of low-frequency spectra are presented. Comparisons are made for different soil types and conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparison of Liquid-borne Particle Sizing Techniques (1983)

The need to know precise particle size distributions for a variety of applications has led to the development of new particle sizing techniques. A particularly useful technique is that of forward light scattering utilised by the Malvern Laser Particle Sizer. This new technique has been used to measure the particle size distributions of three powders, (silica, latex and minusil) and the results compared with size distributions determined by the more traditional techniques (Coulter counter, Warman cyclosizer and Andreasen pipette). The new instrument showed good agreement with existing techniques for those samples in which the particles were spherical.
Antibody cocktail to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein prevents rapid mutational escape seen with individual antibodies (2020)

Antibodies targeting the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) present a promising approach to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, concerns remain that mutations can yield antibody resistance. We investigated the development of resistance against four antibodies to the spike protein that potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2, individually as well as when combined into cocktails. These antibodies remain effective against spike variants that have arisen in the human population. However, novel spike mutants rapidly appeared after in vitro passaging in the presence of individual antibodies, resulting in loss of neutralization; such escape also occurred with combinations of antibodies binding diverse but overlapping regions of the spike protein. Escape mutants were not generated after treatment with a noncompeting antibody cocktail.
Direct 3D interaction with smart objects (1999)

Performing 3D interactions with virtual objects easily becomes a complex task, limiting the implementation of larger applications. In order to overcome some of these limitations, the paper describes a framework where the virtual object aids the user to accomplish a pre-programmed possible interaction. Such objects are called Smart Objects, in the sense that they know how the user can interact with them, giving clues to aid the interaction. We show how such objects are constructed, and exemplify the framework with an application where the user, wearing a data glove, can easily open and close drawers of some furniture
Melatonin Serum Levels and Metabolic Clearance Rate in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis (1982)

To evaluate the influence of changes in liver function on serum levels of melatonin, we measured serum levels and MCR of the hormone in patients with liver cirrhosis and in healthy control subjects. Daytime (0900-1100 h) serum levels of melatonin in patients with liver cirrhosis were significantly elevated compared to those in healthy subjects. Significant positive correlations of the daytime serum levels of melatonin with the serum retention rate of indocyanine green dye and serum levels of total bilirubin were noted. The clearance of melatonin from blood showed a biphasic first-order kinetic pattern. The half-life of each phase was significantly prolonged in patients with cirrhosis compared to healthy subjects. Our data indicate that the elevated daytime serum levels of melatonin in patients with liver cirrhosis are due to decreased clearance, probably related to decreased liver blood flow, lowered activity of 6 beta-hydroxylase, and competition with bilirubin in the intrahepatic transport system.
[Effect of concentration temperature of kiwi fruit pulp on color, chlorophyll and ascorbic acid]. (1999)

A study was established to evaluate concentration temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 degrees C) on kiwi fruit pulp concentrated to 32 degrees Brix, with vacuum regulation. Munsell and sensorial colour, ascorbic acid and chlorophyll amount remanent were analyzed. Both, 25 and 30 degrees C concentration temperatures treatments, in the most of variables, experimented low deteriorate and differ with the other treatments. Ascorbic acid measurements had not significative differences (P < 0.95). Chlorophyll assays showed a decreased (70%) in the amount remanent over 35 degrees C in comparison to 25 degrees C treatments. 40 and 45 degrees C treatments showed traces of chlorophyll. Sensorial colour did not showed variations on 25 and 30 degrees C treatments; they were classified as bright green. Other treatments present colour deteriorate: 35 degrees C treatment was green-yellowish classified, and 45 degrees C treatments brown-greenish categories. Munsell colour showed the same relations, were increasing the concentration temperatures, decrease the green colour and increase the yellow colour.