gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Triplet-Energy Control of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by BN Replacement: Development of Ambipolar Host Materials for Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2014)

In this work, we achieved the triplet-energy control of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by replacing the Carbon−Carbon (CC) unit with a Boron−Nitrogen (BN) unit. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations suggested that the insertion of the BN unit may cause localization of the singly occupied molecular orbitals 1 and 2 (SOMO1/SOMO2) in the triplet state, which in turn can reduce the exchange interaction and dramatically increase the high singlet–triplet excitation energy (ET). The PAH containing the BN unit, 4b-aza-12b-boradibenzo[g,p]chrysene, showed a large ET value and ambipolar carrier-transport abilities. The introduction of a phenyl substituent on 4b-aza-12b-boradibenzo[g,p]chrysene slightly reduced the ET values and the carrier-transport abilities, but increased the glass-transition temperatures. On the basis of these findings, we successfully built phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using the BN compounds as host materials, which exhibit a superior performance over the device using a representative host material, 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl, not only in terms of efficiency but also in terms of device lifetime. This study demonstrated the potential of BN-embedded polycyclic aromatics in organic electronics and showed a novel strategy to achieve triplet-energy control of aromatic compounds.
Effect of acute hyperglycaemia and/or hyperinsulinaemia on proinflammatory gene expression, cytokine production and neutrophil function in humans (2008)

These results suggest that short-term hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia influence the expression of several inflammatory genes in an opposite direction, that the acute effects of hyperinsulinaemia on inflammatory mRNA levels may be stronger than those of hyperglycaemia, and that the effects of insulin, in particular, may be relevant in the concurrent presence of hyperglycaemia.
Ultrafast polarization switching in thin-film ferroelectrics (2004)

We present an experimental approach to study the ultrafast polarization switching dynamics in thin-film ferroelectrics. A semiconductor photoconductive switch with femtosecond laser illumination is used as a “pulse generator” to produce jitter-free, sub-100 ps rise time step-function-like electrical pulses. Quantitative measurements yield a polarization switching time, ts, of ∼220 ps when measured with a 5 V, 68 ps rise time input electrical pulse. Modeling of the switching transients using the Merz–Ishibashi model and Merz–Shur model of switching kinetics yields a quantitative estimate of the characteristic switching time constant, t0, of ∼70–90 ps.
Resolution limits for electron-beam lithography (1988)

This paper discusses resolution limits for electron-beam fabrication. Electron beams have been used to produce structures 1 nm in size and useful devices with minimum features of about 20 nm. In all cases the resolution is set primarily by the range of the electron interaction phenomena that form the structures, and not by the size of the electron beam used to write the patterns. The beam can be as small as 0.5 nm. All useful devices built to date have been fabricated with conventional resist processes; these have an ultimate resolution of about 10 nm. Experimental data for PMMA, the highest-resolution electron resist, show that resolution is independent of molecular weight and is therefore not a function of the molecular size. The most promising of the methods offering resolution below 10 nm is the direct sublimation of materials such as AlF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> and Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ; 1-nm structures have been fabricated, but it has not been possible to convert the structures into useful devices. In addition to the processes which use intermediate patterned layers, there is the possibility of making devices by direct modification of the electrical properties of conductors, semiconductors, or superconductors by means of high-energy electron bombardment. In these cases no intermediate fabrication process would be used, and it might be possible to reach dimensions comparable to the beam diameter.
CIS28-10S, a New Indica Photoperiod-Sensitive, Genic Male-Sterile Rice (1991)

This article 'CIS28-10S, a New Indica Photoperiod-Sensitive, Genic Male-Sterile Rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Regulation of human basophil mediator release by cytokines. I. Interaction with antiinflammatory steroids. (1989)

We have analyzed the effects of overnight culture of human basophils with a variety of cytokines in the presence or absence of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. The 24-h culture of basophils with a range of concentrations of several cytokines (granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-2, and IL-4) had no effect either on anti-IgE-induced histamine release or the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone on histamine release. IFN-gamma enhanced postculture releasability of human basophils. The concentration range for this effect was from 50 to 50,000 U/ml and maximal enhancement of anti-IgE-induced basophil histamine release was approximately 200% of control. IFN-gamma did not increase the number of occupied or unoccupied Fc epsilon RI on human basophils, suggesting that the enhancement of histamine release is a result of an intrinsic increase in the releasability mechanism. rIL-3 also augmented basophil releasability (approximately 250% of control) by a mechanism independent of alterations in basophil cell surface IgE density. The increase in post culture releasability occurred in both partially purified basophils (12 to 90% purity) and mixed leukocytes (approximately 1% basophils) although it was more marked in the former. Enhanced postculture releasability after exposure to IL-3 occurred for both IgE-dependent (anti-IgE) and peptide-mediated (fmet-leu-phe) responses and included elevations in the release of both histamine and sulfidopeptide leukotriene, suggesting a global increase in releasability. Basophils cultured in the presence of IL-3 were insensitive to the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone; at 1,000 U/ml IL-3, dexamethasone inhibition of basophil mediator release was completely blocked. None of the other cytokines tested, with the exception of crude or partially purified IL-2 preparations, had this effect. IL-3 contamination may explain the ability of these partially purified "IL-2" preparations to block the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone, because this effect was abolished by a specific anti-IL-3 antibody. These results suggest that IFN-gamma and IL-3 may modulate the response of human basophils in allergic reactions. Furthermore, increased local production of IL-3 may "prime" basophils for increased releasability and override inhibitory effects of elevated systemic glucocorticoids on human basophils. Finally, we conclude that the effects of glucocorticoids on human basophils may be in part mediated indirectly by effects on cells which produce cytokines, such as IFN-gamma and IL-3, that can modulate basophil function.
Long-term ictal monitoring with subdural strip electrodes: prognostic factors for selecting temporal lobectomy candidates (1992)

Long-term electrocorticographic (ECoG) monitoring data from subdural strip electrodes are analyzed to determine factors associated with seizure-free outcome from anterior temporal lobectomy. A total of 89 consecutive patients with complex partial seizures, in whom long-term ictal video/scalp electroencephalographic monitoring was insufficient to localize their epileptogenic focus, were subsequently evaluated with long-term ictal ECoG monitoring using subdural strip electrodes. Each patient underwent anterior temporal lobectomy based on the ictal ECoG data and has been followed for at least 1 year. The following parameters were found to be statistically significant in predicting a seizure-free outcome: unilateral onset, electrical onset pattern beginning as fast spike trains, absence of frontal lobe background desynchronization at onset, and an interhemispheric propagation time of greater than 8 seconds. Electrocorticographic criteria that were not associated with seizure outcome included: right- versus left-sided onset, time from electrical to clinical ictal onset, focality of onset (number of strip electrode contacts involved), and stereotypical ECoG onset. When present, the interictal focus was concordant with the ictal focus in most patients (96%), but was falsely lateralizing in 4% of cases. It is suggested that these data should improve patient selection for temporal lobectomy when subdural strip monitoring is used during preoperative evaluation.
Principal Component Analysis (2005)

Abstract When large multivariate datasets are analyzed, it is often desirable to reduce their dimensionality. Principal component analysis is one technique for doing this. It replaces the p original variables by a smaller number, q , of derived variables, the principal components, which are linear combinations of the original variables. Often, it is possible to retain most of the variability in the original variables with q very much smaller than p . Despite its apparent simplicity, principal component analysis has a number of subtleties, and it has many uses and extensions. A number of choices associated with the technique are briefly discussed, namely, covariance or correlation, how many components, and different normalization constraints, as well as confusion with factor analysis. Various uses and extensions are outlined.
Comparison of the RSV Respi-Strip with Direct Fluorescent-Antigen Detection for Diagnosis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Pediatric Patients (2005)

The RSV Respi-Strip was compared to the SimulFluor respiratory screen for detecting respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates from pediatric patients. Of samples tested, 115/239 (49%) were positive by direct fluorescent-antigen detection. The sensitivity and specificity of the RSV Respi-Strip were 92% (95% confidence interval [CI], 86% to 96%) and 98% (95% CI, 94% to 100%), respectively, with a diagnostic efficiency of 95%.
Prodrug-activating systems in suicide gene therapy (2000)

Cancer chemotherapy encompasses a large number of well-documented and clinically established methods for the treatment of malignant diseases. However, the efficacy of these approaches is often hampered by an insufficient therapeutic index, lack of specificity, and the emergence of drug-resistant cell subpopulations. One approach aimed at enhancing the selectivity of cancer chemotherapy for solid tumors relies on the application of gene therapy technologies.
High spatial resolution nanoslit SERS for single-molecule nucleobase sensing (2018)

Solid-state nanopores promise a scalable platform for single-molecule DNA analysis. Direct, real-time identification of nucleobases in DNA strands is still limited by the sensitivity and the spatial resolution of established ionic sensing strategies. Here, we study a different but promising strategy based on optical spectroscopy. We use an optically engineered elongated nanopore structure, a plasmonic nanoslit, to locally enable single-molecule surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Combining SERS with nanopore fluidics facilitates both the electrokinetic capture of DNA analytes and their local identification through direct Raman spectroscopic fingerprinting of four nucleobases. By studying the stochastic fluctuation process of DNA analytes that are temporarily adsorbed inside the pores, we have observed asynchronous spectroscopic behavior of different nucleobases, both individual and incorporated in DNA strands. These results provide evidences for the single-molecule sensitivity and the sub-nanometer spatial resolution of plasmonic nanoslit SERS.
BANDWIDTH EXTENSION OF AUDIO SIGNALS BY SPECTRAL BAND REPLICATION (2002)

Spectral Band Replication (SBR) is a new audio coding tool that significantly improves the coding gain of perceptual coders and speech coders. Currently, there are three different audio coders that have shown a vast improvement by the combination with SBR: MPEG-AAC, MPEG-Layer II and MPEG-Layer III (mp3), all three being parts of the open ISO-MPEG standard. The combination of AAC and SBR will be used in the standardized Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) system, and SBR is currently also being standardized within MPEG-4. SBR is a so-called bandwidth extension technique, where a major part of a signal’s bandwidth is reconstructed from the lowband on the receiving side. It is developed and marketed by Coding Technologies, an international company in the audio coding field. This paper will focus on the technical details of SBR and in particular on the filter bank, which is the basis of the SBR process. 1.
Hydrophobicity mechanism of non-smooth pattern on surface of butterfly wing (2007)

29 种(24 个类， 6 个家庭) 在东北典型、普通的蝴蝶，中国被选择借助于扫描电子显微镜学和接触角测量系统在模式， hydrophobicity 和 hydrophobicity 机制上做质、量的研究。规模表面由 submicro 班组成垂直凸圆和水平连接。规模的距离是 48—91 渭 m，长度 65—150 渭 m，和宽度 35—70 渭 m。submicro 班的 Thedistance 规模上的垂直凸圆是 1.06—2.74 渭 m，高度 200—900 nm，和宽度 200—840 nm。蝴蝶翅膀的表面上的更好的 hydrophobicity (静态的接触 angle136.3 掳—156.6 °) 被贡献微班的规模和 submicro 班的合作效果翅膀上的垂直凸圆出现。Cassie 方程被修订，并且新数学模型和方程被建立。
Microstructure of Poly(1-hexene) Produced by ansa-Zirconocenium Catalysis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrostructure of Poly(1-hexene) Produced by ansa-Zirconocenium CatalysisGaddam N. Babu, Richard A. Newmark, and James C. W. ChienCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 12, 3383–3388Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00090a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00090a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views617Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus infection: identification of infected cells in the spleen during acute and latent infections (1988)

Spleen cells which replicate murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) during acute infection in vivo were identified by electron microscopy and combined immunocytochemical staining and in situ cytohybridization. Most infected cells, as defined by in situ hybridization for viral RNA with MCMV-specific probes, were shown to be positive for factor VIII-related antigen and negative for Ia, Thy-1, and F4/80 antigens. Electron microscopic ultrastructural observations indicated that the infected cells in the spleen are predominantly sinusoidal-lining cells. We also studied reactivation of MCMV from latently infected mice by cocultivation of spleen cells with mouse embryo fibroblasts. Virus was only recovered from cells in preparations of stromal (or reticular) fragments, and not from spleen cell suspensions. Neither removal of immunoglobulin-bearing cells from the stromal fragments by panning nor depletion of Thy-1- and Ia-bearing stromal cells by treatment with monoclonal antibodies and complement reduced the frequency of reactivation of MCMV. These data suggest that T lymphocytes, mature B lymphocytes, and other Ia-bearing cells are not predominant reservoirs of latent MCMV.
Efficacy and safety of twice-daily aclidinium bromide in COPD patients: the ATTAIN study (2012)

The efficacy and safety of two doses of aclidinium bromide were evaluated in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this 24-week, double-blind trial, patients were randomised to twice-daily aclidinium (200 μg or 400 μg) or placebo. The primary efficacy end-point was change in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) at week 24. Other end-points included peak FEV(1), health status (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; SGRQ) and dyspnoea (Transitional Dyspnoea Index; TDI). Overall, 828 patients were randomised. At week 24, significant improvements from baseline were observed with aclidinium 200 μg and 400 μg versus placebo for trough FEV(1) (99 and 128 mL; both p<0.0001) and peak FEV(1) (185 and 209 mL; both p<0.0001). Peak FEV(1) improvements on day 1 were comparable with week 24. Aclidinium 200 μg and 400 μg produced significant improvements over placebo in baseline-adjusted mean SGRQ total score (-3.8 and -4.6 units; p<0.001 and p<0.0001) and TDI focal score (0.6 and 1.0 units; p<0.05 and p<0.001) at week 24. With both aclidinium doses, the incidence of anticholinergic adverse events was low, and similar to placebo. Twice-daily aclidinium significantly improved bronchodilation, health status and dyspnoea, and was well tolerated in patients with COPD.
Multiple Wavelength Emission From Semipolar InGaN/GaN Quantum Wells Selectively Grown by MOCVD (2007)

Multiple wavelength emission is experimentally observed from semipolar InGaN/GaN quantum wells selectively grown by MOCVD. Selective growth rates on different mask opening areas result in a multiple wavelength emission from the same wafer.
GPCR Engineering Yields High-Resolution Structural Insights into β 2 -Adrenergic Receptor Function (2007)

The beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) is a well-studied prototype for heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that respond to diffusible hormones and neurotransmitters. To overcome the structural flexibility of the beta2AR and to facilitate its crystallization, we engineered a beta2AR fusion protein in which T4 lysozyme (T4L) replaces most of the third intracellular loop of the GPCR ("beta2AR-T4L") and showed that this protein retains near-native pharmacologic properties. Analysis of adrenergic receptor ligand-binding mutants within the context of the reported high-resolution structure of beta2AR-T4L provides insights into inverse-agonist binding and the structural changes required to accommodate catecholamine agonists. Amino acids known to regulate receptor function are linked through packing interactions and a network of hydrogen bonds, suggesting a conformational pathway from the ligand-binding pocket to regions that interact with G proteins.
Disruption of Parallel and Converging Signaling Pathways Contributes to the Synergistic Antitumor Effects of Simultaneous mTOR and EGFR Inhibition in GBM Cells (2005)

Elevated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling are known to contribute to the malignant properties of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which include uncontrolled cell proliferation and evasion of apoptosis. Small molecule inhibitors that target these protein kinases have been evaluated in multiple clinical trials for cancer patients, including those with GBM. Here we have examined the cellular and molecular effects of a combined kinase inhibition of mTOR (rapamycin) and EGFR (EKI-785) in U87 and U251 GBM cells. Simultaneous treatment with rapamycin and EKI-785 results in synergistic antiproliferative as well as proapoptotic effects. At a molecular level, rapamycin alone significantly decreases S6 phosphorylation, whereas EKI-785 alone promotes substantially reduced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) phosphorylation. Treatment with rapamycin alone also increases Akt phosphorylation on Ser-473, but this effect is blocked by a simultaneous administration of EKI-785. Individually, EKI-785 diminishes while rapamycin promotes the binding of the translation inhibitor eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein (4EBP1) to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). In spite of these opposing effects, the highest level of 4EBP1-eIF4E binding occurs with the combination of the two inhibitors. These results indicate that the inhibition of EGFR and mTOR has distinct as well as common signaling consequences and provides a molecular rationale for the synergistic antitumor effects of EKI-785 and rapamycin administration.
Induction of anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes in normal humans using primary cultures and synthetic peptide epitopes. (1994)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize peptide antigens associated with cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The identification of tumor cell-derived peptides capable of eliciting anti-tumor CTL responses would enable the design of antigen-specific immunotherapies. Our strategy to identify such potentially therapeutic peptides relies on selecting high-affinity MHC binders from known tumor-associated antigens. These peptides are subsequently tested for their ability to induce CTLs capable of killing tumor cells. With this strategy, we have identified a nine-residue epitope, derived from the product of the tumor-associated gene MAGE-3, which has the capacity to induce in vitro CTLs that kill melanoma and other tumor cell lines. These results show the primary in vitro induction of tumor-specific human CTLs and illustrate the feasibility of ex vivo antigen-specific approaches to the immunological therapy of cancer.
Characteristics of High Frequency Ultrasonic Transducer Employing Polyvinylidene Fluoride and Detectability of Flaw in Cr-Ni Steel (1997)

Recently high frequency ultrasonic transducers to employ polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) or polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene P(VDF-TrFE) have been used to detect small flaws in immersion testing. The detection field depending on the water path between the transducer and a specimen and the path in a tested specimen was measured using a PVDF transducer with nominal frequency 80MHz. Also, C-scan and B-scan were performed for the specimens made of Cr-Ni steel with the artificial flaws, the flat-bottom holes with diameter ranging from to at 12mm depth. As the result, the flaws with diameter larger than were detected, but the flaws with the ratio of diameter to wavelength smaller than about 0.48 were not detected. That the smaller flaws could not be detected was attributed to the attenuation of high frequency components in the steel specimens.