gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HSP90 is essential for Jak-STAT signaling in classical Hodgkin lymphoma cells (2009)

In classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) chemotherapeutic regimens are associated with stagnant rates of secondary malignancies requiring the development of new therapeutic strategies. We and others have shown that permanently activated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) molecules are essential for cHL cells. Recently an overexpression of heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) in cHL cells has been shown and inhibition of HSP90 seems to affect cHL cell survival. Here we analysed the effects of HSP90 inhibition by geldanamycin derivative 17-AAG or RNA interference (RNAi) on aberrant Jak-STAT signaling in cHL cells. Treatment of cHL cell lines with 17-AAG led to reduced cell proliferation and a complete inhibition of STAT1, -3, -5 and -6 tyrosine phosphorylation probably as a result of reduced protein expression of Janus kinases (Jaks). RNAi-mediated inhibition of HSP90 showed similar effects on Jak-STAT signaling in L428 cHL cells. These results suggest a central role of HSP90 in permanently activated Jak-STAT signaling in cHL cells. Therapeutics targeting HSP90 may be a promising strategy in cHL and other cancer entities associated with deregulated Jak-STAT pathway activation.
A method for the generation of monoclonal antibodies against rare cell‐surface molecules (1992)

Monoclonal antibodies provide a powerful tool for the identification and analysis of novel cell-surface molecules. We present here a method for antigen preparation and an immunization protocol that facilitates generation of mAb reactive with cell-surface molecules of low abundance and/or low antigenicity. The procedure involves isolation and extensive fractionation of cell-surface and detergent-soluble extracellular-matrix molecules prior to immunization. Cell-surface proteins on intact tissue are biotin-labeled using a reagent that does not penetrate cells. Avidin affinity chromatography is then used to purify these biotinylated molecules. Size-exclusion HPLC is used to separate these surface molecules on the basis of apparent molecular mass. Finally, immunization with antigen coupled to keyhole-limpet hemocyanin is combined with long-term booster immunizations to generate a hyperimmune response resulting in high-affinity IgG. A test application of this approach was aimed at the generation of mAb against cell-surface molecules of approximately 135 kDa in the developing chicken retinotectal system. Immunochemical analyses using antibodies produced by this approach which showed restricted patterns of tissue staining reveal that mAb were generated against all previously identified immunoglobulin superfamily molecules of this size in this system. Furthermore, we produced many additional antibodies that labeled retinotectal tissue in novel staining patterns. In the two cases analyzed in detail, these new patterns reflect the distributions of previously uncharacterized members of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The success of this initial study suggests that this method may represent a broadly applicable approach towards the preparation of extensive libraries of antibodies against cell-surface molecules expressed on cells from numerous sources.
Strategy for navigation inside pipelines with differential-drive inpipe robot (2003)

In the previous reports (2001), we presented a miniature inpipe robot called MRINSPECT (Multifunctional Robotic crawler for INpipe inSPECTion) IV which has been developed for the inspection of urban gas pipelines with a nominal 4-inch inside diameter. Its steering capability with three-dimensional differentially driven method provides the outstanding mobility for navigation and the new mechanism for steering can easily adjust itself to most of pipelines or fitting, in which other former inpipe robots can hardly travel as ever. In this paper, we present the strategy and the critical points established on using the speed modulation for the navigation in elbows and branches. The analysis for the navigation inside fittings and curved pipelines is given in detail and it is addressed how to compute the speeds of the independent wheels for the differential drive in elbows and branches.
Dielectrophoretic manipulation of drops for high-speed microfluidic sorting devices (2006)

We demonstrate a high-throughput drop sorter for microfluidic devices that uses dielectrophoretic forces. Microelectrodes underneath a polydimethylsiloxane channel produce forces of more than 10nN on a water drop in an inert oil, resulting in sorting rates greater than 1.6kHz. We investigate the dependence of such forces on drop size and flow. Alternate designs with electrodes on either side of a symmetric channel Y junction provide refined control over droplet selection.
Voltammetric Characterization of aN,N‘-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine-Loaded Screen-Printed Electrode:  A Disposable Sensor for Hydrogen Sulfide (2003)

The voltammetric response of a 10% (by weight) N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) and 90% (by weight) carbon and binder screen-printed electrode has been examined in aqueous media over a range of pH using cyclic voltammetry both in the presence and in the absence of sulfide. In the absence, the screen-printed electrode undergoes an initial oxidative process on the surface of the solid organic particles to form an insoluble layer of the corresponding cation radical salt, DPPD(*)(+)X(-), where X(-) is an anion present in the solution. The charge transfer is thought to occur at the three-phase boundary between solid DPPD, carbon, and the aqueous solution. At higher potentials, a second oxidative wave is observed that is attributed to the oxidation of the bulk DPPD with intercalation of the anion species present to form a solid phase of DPPD(*)(+)X(-). The two voltammetric processes were found to stabilize after repetitive scanning, after which time, sulfide was added to the solution. The voltammetric response was found to respond to sulfide by showing a decrease in both the oxidative and reductive waves, which can be attributed to the sulfide effectively blocking the three-phase boundary. The response was found to be independent of the electrode used and at pH 4 produced a linear range from 20 to 165 microM, and a limit of detection of 7.5 microM for sulfide detection was achieved.
Consequences of Brief Ischemia: Stunning, Preconditioning, and Their Clinical Implications (2001)

In experimental studies in the dog, total proximal coronary artery occlusions of up to 15 minutes result in reversible injury, meaning that the myocytes survive this insult. The 15 minutes of ischemia, however, induce numerous changes in the myocardium, including certain monuments to the brief episode of ischemia that may persist for days. One of these monuments is stunned myocardium, which represents “prolonged postischemic contractile dysfunction of myocardium salvaged by reperfusion.” The mechanism of stunning involves generation of oxygen radicals as well as alteration in calcium homeostasis and possibly alteration in contractile protein structure. Stunning has been observed in several clinical scenarios, including after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, unstable angina, stress-induced ischemia, after thrombolysis, and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Oxygen radical scavengers and calcium channel blockers have been shown to enhance function of stunned myocardium in experimental studies, and in a few clinical studies, calcium channel blockers have been shown to ameliorate stunning. Although brief periods of ischemia can contribute to prolonged left ventricular dysfunction and even heart failure, they paradoxically play a cardioprotective role. Episodes of ischemia as short as 5 minutes, followed by reperfusion, protect the heart from a subsequent longer coronary artery occlusion by markedly reducing the amount of necrosis that results from the test episode of ischemia. This phenomenon, called ischemic preconditioning, has been observed in virtually every species in which it has been studied and is a powerful cardioprotective effect. The mechanism of ischemic preconditioning involves both triggers and mediators and involves complex second messenger pathways that appear to involve such components as adenosine, adenosine receptors, the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C, the ATP-dependent potassium channels, as well as others, including a paradoxical protective role of oxygen radicals. Both an early and a late phase of preconditioning have been described, and the mechanisms underlying their induction are under investigation. That preconditioning may occur in humans is suggested by the observations that repetitive balloon inflations in the coronary artery are associated with progressively less chest pain, ST-segment elevation, lactate production, the protective effects of preinfarction angina, the anginal “warm-up phenomenon,” and studies performed on human cardiac biopsies that show metabolic properties suggesting preconditioning. Development of pharmacological agents that stimulate second messenger pathways thought to be involved in preconditioning, but without causing ischemia, could result in novel approaches to treating ischemia. Hence, on one hand, brief episodes of ischemia can have a negative effect on the heart: stunning; and on the other hand, they have a protective effect: preconditioning. The future challenge is how to minimize the stunning phenomenon and maximize the preconditioning phenomenon in clinical practice.
GPR56, an atypical G protein-coupled receptor, binds tissue transglutaminase, TG2, and inhibits melanoma tumor growth and metastasis (2006)

The survival and growth of tumor cells in a foreign environment is considered a rate-limiting step during metastasis. To identify genes that may be essential for this process, we isolated highly metastatic variants from a poorly metastatic human melanoma cell line and performed expression analyses of metastases and primary tumors from these cells. GPR56 is among the genes markedly down-regulated in the metastatic variants. We show that overexpression of GPR56 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis, whereas reduced expression of GPR56 enhances tumor progression. Levels of GPR56 do not correlate with growth rate in vitro, suggesting that GPR56 may mediate growth suppression by interaction with a component in the tumor microenvironment in vivo. We show that GPR56 binds specifically to tissue transglutaminase, TG2, a widespread component of tissue and tumor stroma previously implicated as an inhibitor of tumor progression. We discuss the mechanisms whereby GPR56-TG2 interactions may suppress tumor growth and metastasis.
Composition of the oxygen plasmas from two inductively coupled sources (1995)

The composition of the oxygen discharges from two inductively coupled plasma sources is studied experimentally with tuned cylindrical Langmuir probes, with optical emission spectroscopy, and with a compact mass spectrometer. The data show that low frequency cylindrical discharges are highly dissociated at low neutral pressures and at high powers, whereas high frequency planar discharges have less atomic content.
Remote Conversations: The Effects of Mediating Talk With Technology (1995)

Three different videoconferencing systems for supporting multiparty, remote conversations are described and evaluated experimentally. The three systems differed by how many participants were visible at once, their spatial arrangement, and control over who was seen. Conversations using these systems were compared to same-room (Experiment 1) and audio-only (Experiment 2) conversations. Specialized speech-tracking equipment recorded the on-off patterns of speech that allowed objective measurement of structural aspects of the conversations, such as turn length, pauses, and interruptions. Questionnaires and interviews also documented participants' opinions and perceptions in the various settings. Contrary to expectation, systems in which visual cues such as selective gaze were absent produced no differences in turn-taking or in any other aspect of the structure of conversation. In fact, turn-taking was unaffected even when visual information was completely absent. Overall, only the same-room condition showed any significant differences from any other condition; people in the same room produced more interruptions and fewer formal handovers of the floor than in any of the technology-mediated conditions. In this respect, the audio-only and video systems examined in these studies were equivalent. However, analyses of participants' perceptions showed that participants felt that visual access in mediated conversations was both important and beneficial in conversation. Further, there were indications that the particular design of the different video systems did affect some aspects of conversational behavior, such as the ability to hold side and parallel conversations.
Identification of differentially expressed, tumor‐associated proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma by proteomic analysis (2006)

Oral squamous cellular carcinoma is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis and therefore the discovery of early markers to discriminate malignant from normal cells would be of critical importance in clinical diagnosis. Subcellular fractions from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and control samples, enriched in mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins, were analyzed by 2-DE, followed by MALDI-TOF-MS. Twenty proteins showed altered expression levels in OSCC; 14 were up- and 6 were down-regulated in comparison with the control samples. For 11 proteins, cofilin, C-reactive protein precursor, creatine kinase m-chain, fatty acid-binding protein, keratin type II, myosin light chain 2 and 3, nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, plakoglobulin, and retinoic acid-binding protein II, it is shown for the first time that they are differentially expressed in OSCC. Proteins with highly up-regulated levels may be of interest as potential diagnostic markers and consequently of clinical interest.
Inflammatory cytokines in exhaled breath condensate in children with inflammatory bowel diseases (2013)

Elevated concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in EBC in children with IBD may suggest the presence of asymptomatic inflammation in the lower airways.
Study of hydrodynamics in microcarrier culture spinner vessels: A particle tracking velocimetry approach (1996)

Three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3-D PTV), a modern, quantitative, visualization tool, has been applied to the characterization of the flow field in the impeller region of cell culture reactor vessels. The experimental system used here is a 250-mL microcarrier spinner vessel. The studies were conducted at three different agitation rates, 90, 150, and 210 rpm, corresponding to healthy, mildly damaging, and severely damaging shear intensities, respectively. The flow can be classified into three regions: a predominantly tangential (azimuthal) flow generated by the impeller; a trailing vortex region coming off the impeller tip; and a converging flow region close to the center of the vessel. The latter two are the regions of highest velocity gradients. Energy dissipation rates due to mean velocity gradients were also calculated to characterize the impeller stream. Local specific energy dissipation rates > 10,000 erg/(cm3sec) · have been measured. It is proposed that the critical regions for microcarrier culture damage due to impeller hydrodynamics are the trailing vortex region and the high energy converging flow region. Graphical representation of the mean velocity flow fields and the distribution of energy dissipation rates in the impeller region are also presented here. The merits of using the dissipation function (measure of specific energy dissipation rate) as a possible scale-up parameter are also discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A level-set approach for inverse problems involving obstacles Fadil SANTOSA (1996)

An approach for solving inverse problems involving obstacles is proposed. The approach uses a level-set method which has been shown to be effective in treating problems of moving boundaries, particularly those that involve topological changes in the geometry. We develop two computational methods based on this idea. One method results in a nonlinear time-dependant partial differential equation for the level-set function whose evolution minimizes the residual in the data fit. The second method is an optimization that generates a sequence of level-set functions that reduces the residual. The methods are illustrated in two applications : a deconvolution problem and a diffraction screen reconstruction problem.
The myth of find (2008)

The ubiquitous within-document text search feature (Ctrl-F) is considered by users to be a key advantage in electronic information seeking [1]. However what people say they do and what they actually do are not always consistent. It is necessary to understand, acknowledge and identify the cause of this inconsistency. We must identify the physical and cognitive factors to develop better methods and tools, assisting with the search process. This paper discusses the limitations and myths of Ctrl-f in information seeking. A prototype system for within-document search is introduced. Three user studies portray shared behaviour and attitudes, common between participants regarding within-document searching.
Ultralight Metallic Microlattices (2011)

Ultralight (<10 milligrams per cubic centimeter) cellular materials are desirable for thermal insulation; battery electrodes; catalyst supports; and acoustic, vibration, or shock energy damping. We present ultralight materials based on periodic hollow-tube microlattices. These materials are fabricated by starting with a template formed by self-propagating photopolymer waveguide prototyping, coating the template by electroless nickel plating, and subsequently etching away the template. The resulting metallic microlattices exhibit densities ρ ≥ 0.9 milligram per cubic centimeter, complete recovery after compression exceeding 50% strain, and energy absorption similar to elastomers. Young's modulus E scales with density as E ~ ρ(2), in contrast to the E ~ ρ(3) scaling observed for ultralight aerogels and carbon nanotube foams with stochastic architecture. We attribute these properties to structural hierarchy at the nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter scales.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes raised against a subdominant epitope offered as a synthetic peptide eradicate human papillomavirus type 16‐induced tumors (1995)

Previously, we have shown that immunization with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16-derived cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope E7 49-57 (RAHYNIVTF) renders C57BL/6 mice insensitive to tumors formed by HPV16-transformed cells. In this study, we provide evidence that E7 49-57 is expressed as a subdominant CTL epitope on HPV16-transformed C57BL/6 cells. Using acid peptide elution, it is shown that HPV16-transformed cells express another CTL epitope, besides E7 49-57, which appears to be dominant. We demonstrate that a CTL line raised against the subdominant CTL epitope, offered as synthetic peptide E7 49-57, eradicates established HPV16-induced tumors in mice. Our data show that synthetic peptide-induced CTL can be applied successfully in vivo against (virus-induced) tumor, and emphasize that subdominant CTL epitopes are useful targets for immunotherapy. Furthermore, it is illustrated for the first time that HPV16-specific CTL interfere directly with HPV16-induced tumors.
Understanding Vocation: Discerning and Responding to God's Call (2003)

Most authors who attempt to define the concept of Christian vocation state that it is first and foremost a general call to the religious life, and secondly a more specific call to a particular occupation.Although many authors acknowledge that in defining vocation we should be careful not to equate it with occupation, job, or career, the clear emphasis in many sources is on Christian vocation as one's particular occupation, One such popular resource is Lee Hardy's The Fabric of This World (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990), which states, "The particular calling, on the other hand, is the call to a specific occupation-an occupation to which not all Christians are called."The concept of Christian vocation, however, extends far beyond career or occupation to virtually every domain of one's life.As Farnham and her colleagues note in Listening Hearts, God calls the entirety of my life ... A call might lead us to pursue a certain occupation or career ... But a call can never be reduced to such activities ... The same counselor
Randomly oriented and aligned cellulose fibres reinforced with cellulose nanowhiskers, prepared by electrospinning (2011)

The goal of this work was to prepare random and aligned cellulose fibres by electrospinning. Cellulose acetate (CA) was used as a matrix and a mixture of acetic acid and acetone (1∶1) was used as an solvent. Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) with different concentrations (0–5 wt‐%) were used as reinforcement. Microscopy studies showed fibres with smooth surfaces, different morphologies and diameters ranging between 200 and 3300 nm. It was found that the fibre diameters decreased with increased CNW contents. The microscopy studies also indicated well aligned fibres. Results from dynamic mechanical thermal analysis indicated improved mechanical properties with the addition of CNWs. The storage modulus of electrospun CA fibres increased from 81 to 825 MPa for fibres with 1 wt‐% CNW at room temperature. X‐ray analysis showed that the electrospun CA fibres had a crystalline nature and that there was no significant change in crystallinity with the addition of CNWs.
HIV-1 Vaccine Candidate Evaluation in Non-Human Primates (1997)

The development of an HIV-1 vaccine in the last 13 years from an industrial point of view has focused on evaluating potential vaccine candidates in non-human primates. This review discusses the HIV-1 vaccine candidates that have been tested in chimpanzees or monkeys and includes those based on recombinant gp120, recombinant gp160, different viral and bacterial vectors expressing gp120, gp160, or only V3 peptide, naked DNA vaccines, and whole inactivated viruses. To help understand the result of efficacy studies in chimpanzees and monkeys, information regarding the challenge viruses used in these studies is also included. The review does not discuss the testing of SIV-related vaccines or the testing of HIV-1 vaccine candidates in other animal species other than non-human primates.