gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Interaction of neomycin with other antibiotics on selected bacterial strains]. (2004)

Antimicrobial combinations are used most frequently to provide broad-spectrum empirical coverage in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, combination of two antibiotics may not influence their activity, may lead to synergy or antagonism in the activity. Neomycin may be combined with one of the following antibiotics: ampicillin, procaine penicillin, gramicidin, bacitracin, polymyxin B, lincomycin, oxytetracycline, and erythromycin in some human and veterinary multiantibiotic drugs distributed in Poland. The checkerboard method has been one of the traditional assays for the measurement of antibiotic interactions. The aim of this study was to analyse the activity interaction of neomycin with second antibiotic in multiantibiotic drugs distributed in Poland on standards and clinical bacterial strains. Checkerboard results for all strains demonstrated synergism for 2.5% of combinations, only for standards strains. In one case Salmonella Enteritidis, in combination of neomycin with bacitracin, inhibition effect was observed. Additive effects were predominant--49%. In 18% neutral effects were shown, but in 26% of combinations FIC indexes were not possible to calculate, because of the resistance of clinical strains to the highest concentration of at least one antibiotic. In combination of aminoglycoside (neomycin) with beta-lactams antibiotics (ampicillin, procaine penicillin) in vitro, no synergy was observed for all examined strains. The best results were achieved for combinations of neomycin with peptide antibiotics (polymyxin, gramicidin and bacitracin)--5 for all 6 synergy effect observed.
What influences general practitioners' use of child psychiatry services? (1995)

There are good reasons for Improving liaison between child psychiatrists and general practitioners. This study examined whether characteristics of the GP, patient or service influenced the referral of patients from primary care to the local child psychiatry service. Data collected by semi-structured interview from two samples of general practitioners who had either referred frequently or not at all over a two year period failed to show many of the associations found in other studies. Referral behaviour appears to be a complex phenomenon which may be influenced by increasing personal contact between professionals.
Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping: A Stereo Vision Based Approach (2006)

With limited dynamic range and poor noise performance, cameras still pose considerable challenges in the application of range sensors in the context of robotic navigation, especially in the implementation of simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) with sparse features. This paper presents a combination of methods in solving the SLAM problem in a constricted indoor environment using small baseline stereo vision. Main contributions include a feature selection and tracking algorithm, a stereo noise filter, a robust feature validation algorithm and a multiple hypotheses adaptive window positioning method in 'closing the loop'. These methods take a novel approach in that information from the image processing and robotic navigation domains are used in tandem to augment each other. Experimental results including a real-time implementation in an office-like environment are also presented
Immunophilins in protein folding and immunosuppression 1 (1994)

Lymphocyte activation requires the transmission of signals from molecules at the plasma membrane to nuclear signals that regulate gene expression. In recent years, several immunosuppressive compounds have been used as probes to identify important and potentially novel molecules involved in lymphocyte signal transduction processes. The immunosuppressants cyclosporin A (CsA), FK506, and rapamycin have been studied in particular detail. Two distinct classes of immunosuppressant binding proteins have been identified, and collectively termed immunophilins. The cyclophilin family of immunophilins binds CsA, whereas the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) family binds FK506 and rapamycin. This review will discuss both the endogenous functions of immunophilins as well as their roles in mediating immunosuppression.
Electronic and structural properties of graphene-based transparent and conductive thin film electrodes (2008)

We demonstrate that graphene-based transparent and conductive thin films (GTCFs), fabricated by thermal reduction of graphite oxide, have very similar electronic and structural properties as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Electron spectroscopy results suggest that the GTCFs are also semi-metallic and that the individual graphene sheets of the film are predominantly oriented parallel to the substrate plane. These films may therefore be considered as a technologically relevant analogue to HOPG electrodes, which cannot be easily processed into thin films.
Mechanism of action of antimycobacterial activity of the new benzoxazinorifamycin KRM-1648 (1995)

The mechanism of antimicrobial activity of KRM-1648 (KRM), a new rifamycin derivative with potent antimycobacterial activity, was studied. Both KRM and rifampin (RMP) inhibited RNA polymerases from Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium avium at low concentrations: the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of KRM and RMP for E. coli RNA polymerase were 0.13 and 0.10 micrograms/ml, respectively, while the IC50s for M. avium RNA polymerase were 0.20 and 0.07 microgram/ml. Both KRM and RMP exerted weak inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium fortuitum RNA polymerase, rabbit thymus RNA polymerases, E. coli DNA polymerase I, and two types of reverse transcriptases. Uptake of 14C-KRM by M. avium reached 18,000 dpm/mg (dry weight) 1.5 h after incubation, while uptake by E. coli cells was slight. KRM was much more effective in inhibiting uptake of 14C-uracil than was RMP (IC50 of KRM, 0.04 microgram/ml; IC50 of RMP, 0.12 microgram/ml). These findings suggest, first, that the potent antimycobacterial activity of KRM is due to inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase and, second, that the activity of KRM against target organisms depends on target cell wall permeability.
Lagging Strand DNA Synthesis at the Eukaryotic Replication Fork Involves Binding and Stimulation of FEN-1 by Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (1995)

The 5'-->3'-exonuclease domain of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I is required for the completion of lagging strand DNA synthesis, and yet this domain is not present in any of the eukaryotic DNA polymerases. Recently, the gene encoding the functional and evolutionary equivalent of this 5'-->3'-exonuclease domain has been identified. It is called FEN-1 in mouse and human cells and RTH1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This 42-kDa enzyme is required for Okazaki fragment processing. Here we report that FEN-1 physically interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the processivity factor for DNA polymerases delta and epsilon. Through protein-protein interactions, PCNA focuses FEN-1 on branched DNA substrates (flap structures) and on nicked DNA substrates, thereby stimulating its activity 10-50-fold but only if PCNA can functionally assemble as a toroidal trimer around the DNA. This interaction is important in the physical orchestration of lagging strand synthesis and may have implications for how PCNA stimulates other members of the FEN-1 nuclease family in a broad range of DNA metabolic transactions.
Mechanism of Selective Retinoid X Receptor Agonist-Induced Hypothyroidism in the Rat (2002)

The retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist bexarotene can cause clinically significant hypothyroidism in cutaneous T cell lymphoma patients. The mechanism by which the RXR agonist produces this effect is unclear. We have studied the impact of a selective RXR agonist (rexinoid), LG100268, on rat thyroid axis hormones and show that the acute phase of hypothyroidism is associated with reduced pituitary TSH secretion. A single oral administration of LG100268 to naive Sprague Dawley rats causes a rapid and statistically significant decline in TSH levels (apparent in 0.5-1 h). Total T(4) and T(3) levels decline more gradually, reaching statistical significance 24 h after treatment. Increasing doses of LG100268 produce greater suppression of thyroid axis hormones. To investigate the mechanism(s) mediating this suppression, we determined pituitary TSHbeta mRNA, TSH protein levels, and TRH-stimulated TSH secretion. Two hours after treatment, neither TSHbeta mRNA nor TSH protein levels were altered by LG100268. However, LG100268 treatment reduced the area under the curve for TRH-stimulated TSH secretion by 54%. We have identified an unexpected mechanism by which rexinoids induce hypothyroidism by acutely reducing TSH secretion from the anterior pituitary. This mechanism is independent of the rexinoid's previously demonstrated inhibition of TSHbeta gene transcription.
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics: The role of biofilms (1991)

Bacteria adhere to natural and synthetic, medically important surfaces within an extracellular polymer generically termed the glycocalyx. This quasi-structure is a biofilm. The enhanced antibiotic resistance of biofilm bacteria, relative to floating (planktonic) bacteria, encourages the establishment of chronic bacterial infections. Resistance mechanisms include the hinderance of antibiotic diffusion by the glycocalyx, the physiology of the bacteria and the environment conditions of the niche in which the biofilm resides.
CASE REPORT: RECTAL ADMINSTRATION OF IVERMECTIN TO A PATIENT WITH STRONGYLOIDES HYPERINFECTION SYNDROME (2003)

Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome may be complicated by paralytic ileus that interferes with the absorption of oral anti-helminthics. We report on the administration of ivermectin as a rectal enema preparation to a renal transplant recipient with Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome and progressive ileus. Attempts at treatment using nasogastric albendazole and ivermectin were unsuccessful despite clamping the nasogastric tube after drug administration. Ivermectin tablets were ground to a powder, resuspended in a commercially available suspending agent, and administered per rectum. The suspending agent was chosen for its near-physiologic osmolality to allow longer retention, in contrast to many enema preparations that have a laxative effect. The patient improved markedly within 72 hours of initiation of the therapy per rectum and recovered fully. Ivermectin administered as an enema may be beneficial in patients with severe strongyloidiasis who are unable to absorb or tolerate oral therapy.
Aging of mesenchymal stem cell in vitro (2006)

We believe that MSC enter senescence almost undetectably from the moment of in vitro culturing. Simultaneously these cells are losing their stem cell characteristics. Therefore, it is much better to consider them for cell and gene therapy early on.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: spirapril and related compounds (1989)

The synthesis of spirapril (5), spiraprilat (25), their RSS stereoisomers, and their glycyl (18b) and lysyl (36, 37) analogues is described. These compounds were evaluated in vivo for inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and selected compounds were evaluated for in vitro ACE inhibition (spirapril ID50 16 micrograms/kg; spiraprilat IC50 0.8 nM, ID50 8 micrograms/kg). In anesthetized rats, iv, esters 5 and 36 are more potent than enalapril, and diacids 25 and 37 are more potent than enalaprilat in vitro. In the conscious rats, orally, 5 and enalapril (2) showed potent and sustained activity at doses of 0.03-1 and 0.1-1 mg/kg, respectively. From this work, spirapril was selected for clinical evaluation as an antihypertensive agent.
Ghrelin enhances gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis: a double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study (2005)

Ghrelin increases gastric emptying in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. This is independent of vagal tone. We propose that analogues of ghrelin may represent a new class of prokinetic agents.
HISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEMONSTRATION OF γ-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY (1969)

A simultaneous coupling azo dye method for the histochemical demonstration of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity using the new substrate γ-glutamyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide has been described. The method appears superior to previously reported methods for γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and can easily be modified for the electron microscopic localization of the enzyme by bridging osmium to the copper chelate of the azo dye via thiocarbohydrazide. The optimum conditions for the histochemical reaction were developed and the distribution of enzymatic activity in the tissues of the rat is described for light microscopy and with rat pancreas for electron microscopy. The electron-opaque deposits were seen in the endoplasmic reticulum in the vicinity of the zymogen granules in the apical portion of the acinar cell.
Synthesis of cellulose derivatives containing the dihydroxyboryl group and a study of their capacity to form specific complexes with sugars and nucleic acid components (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of cellulose derivatives containing the dihydroxyboryl group and a study of their capacity to form specific complexes with sugars and nucleic acid componentsHerbert L. Weith, Joyce L. Wiebers, and Peter T. GilhamCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 22, 4396–4401Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00824a021https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00824a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views953Altmetric-Citations225LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Results of Quinacrine Administration to Patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (2004)

Several chemicals inhibit the accumulation of abnormal prion proteins in vitro. We administered one, the antimalarial agent quinacrine, to three patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and to one with iatrogenic CJD. Quinacrine at 300 mg/day was given enterally for 3 months. Within 2 weeks of administration, the arousal level of the patient with akinetic mutism improved. The other 3 patients, insensible before treatment, had integrative responses such as eye contact or voluntary movement in response to verbal and/or visual stimuli restored. Clinical improvement was transient, lasting 1-2 months during treatment. Quinacrine was well tolerated, except for liver dysfunction and yellowish pigmentation. Although its antiprion activity in the human brain has yet to be proved, these modest effects of quinacrine suggest the possibility of using chemical intervention against prion diseases.
The Y-S-L-I Tyrosine-Based Motif in the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Envelope Is Essential for Cell-to-Cell Transmission (1999)

The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) transmembrane glycoprotein has a 24-amino-acid cytoplasmic domain whose function in the viral life cycle is poorly understood. We introduced premature-stop mutations and 18 single-amino-acid substitutions into this domain and studied their effects on cell-to-cell transmission of the virus. The results show that the cytoplasmic domain is absolutely required for cell-to-cell transmission of HTLV-1, through amino acids which cluster in a Y-S-L-I tyrosine-based motif. The transmission defect in two motif mutants did not result from a defect in glycoprotein incorporation or fusion. It appears that the Y-S-L-I tyrosine-based motif of the HTLV-1 glycoprotein cytoplasmic domain has multiple functions, including involvement in virus transmission at a postfusion step.
Chimeric muscarinic cholinergic:beta-adrenergic receptors that are functionally promiscuous among G proteins. (1994)

We evaluated the G protein selectivity of chimeric M1 and M2 muscarinic cholinergic receptors in which either the third intracellular (I3) loop or the N-terminal portion of this loop (the I3N peptide) was replaced by the corresponding sequence from the beta 1-adrenergic receptor. The chimeras retained agonist-dependent G protein regulatory activity, but were completely promiscuous among potential G protein targets. When expressed in transfected cells, the chimeric receptors activated adenylyl cyclase, the major target of the beta-adrenergic receptor, and activated phospholipase C via a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein, presumably a Gq. Gs is not a target of either muscarinic receptor, and Gq is not a cellular target of either the M2 muscarinic or beta-adrenergic receptor. When co-reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles with purified G proteins, the chimeric receptors were completely nonselective among all G proteins tested. They activated Gi, G(o), Gz, and Gs with similar efficiencies. This promiscuity was largely suppressed, both in transfected cells and in reconstituted vesicles, by the additional replacement of the second intracellular (I2) loop of the beta-adrenergic receptor. Such double substitutions created receptors specific for Gs, the target of the beta-adrenergic receptor. These findings suggest that G protein specificity depends on the proper combination of multiple regions on a receptor's cytoplasmic surface. In addition, the promiscuous receptors described here may be useful for regulating novel G proteins whose natural regulators are not yet known.
Electrowetting-based actuation of liquid droplets for microfluidic applications (2000)

A microactuator for rapid manipulation of discrete microdroplets is presented. Microactuation is accomplished by direct electrical control of the surface tension through two sets of opposing planar electrodes fabricated on glass. A prototype device consisting of a linear array of seven electrodes at 1.5 mm pitch was fabricated and tested. Droplets (0.7–1.0 μl) of 100 mM KCl solution were successfully transferred between adjacent electrodes at voltages of 40–80 V. Repeatable transport of droplets at electrode switching rates of up to 20 Hz and average velocities of 30 mm/s have been demonstrated. This speed represents a nearly 100-fold increase over previously demonstrated electrical methods for the transport of droplets on solid surfaces.
Bone morphogenetic protein‐7 stimulates initial dendritic  growth in sympathetic neurons through an intracellular  fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway (2001)

Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily of signaling cytokines, induces dendritic growth in rat sympathetic neurons. In this study, we present evidence that the recently discovered integrative nuclear FGFR1 signaling (INFS) pathway is involved in dendrite outgrowth mediated by BMP-7. Immunocytochemical analysis of expressed fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) showed that little FGF-2 was detected in control neurons, but the expression of this molecule in the cytoplasm and nucleus increased within 6 h after BMP-7 treatment. In contrast, FGF-1 was constitutively present in the peripheral cytoplasm and in neurites under control conditions, and its distribution did not change with BMP-7 exposure. The high-affinity receptor FGFR1 was present in low amounts in control neurons and was associated with the cytoplasm, the plasma membrane, and the nucleus. Twenty-four hours of BMP-7 treatment elicited an increase in FGFR1 nuclear localization. Overexpressed constructs of FGFR1 that lack the tyrosine kinase domain, and have been shown to act in a dominant-negative manner on FGFR1 signaling, inhibited BMP-7 mediated initial dendrite outgrowth in transfected neurons by approximately 50%. However, targeted inhibition of extracellular FGF-2 by overexpression of a secreted receptor mutant FGFR1(TM-) lacking the transmembrane domain failed to affect BMP-7 induced dendritic growth, as did treatment with the extracellular FGFR antagonist inositol hexakisphosphate. These results suggest that the INFS, which has already been implicated in a broad range of activities in other cell types, may also be required for BMP-7 to stimulate dendritic development.
IL-18, a Novel Immunoregulatory Cytokine, Is Up-Regulated in Crohn’s Disease: Expression and Localization in Intestinal Mucosal Cells (1999)

IL-18, a novel immunoregulatory cytokine with potent IFN-gamma-inducing activities, may play an important role in Th1-mediated chronic inflammatory disorders. The aim of the present study was to characterize the expression and localization of IL-18 in colonic specimens and isolated mucosal cell populations from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), a prototypic Th1-mediated disorder. Using a semiquantitative RT-PCR protocol, IL-18 mRNA transcripts were found to be increased in freshly isolated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) from CD compared with ulcerative colitis (UC) and noninflamed control (cont) patients, and were more abundant in IEC compared with LPMC. Immunohistochemical analysis of surgically resected colonic tissues localized IL-18 to both LPMC (specifically, macrophages and dendritic cells) as well as IEC. Staining was more intense in CD compared with UC and cont, and in involved (inv) vs noninvolved (n inv) areas. Western blot analysis revealed that an 18. 3-kDa band, consistent with both recombinant and mature human IL-18 protein, was found predominantly in CD vs UC intestinal mucosal biopsies; a second band of 24 kDa, consistent with the inactive IL-18 precursor, was detected in n inv areas from both CD and UC biopsies and was the sole form found in noninflamed cont. To our knowledge, this report is the first describing increased expression of IL-18 in a human Th1-mediated chronic inflammatory disease. In addition, our studies further support the concept that IEC and dendritic cells may possess important immunoregulatory functions in both normal, as well as pathological, mucosal immunity.
Giant tunnel magnetoresistance and high annealing stability in CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions with synthetic pinned layer (2006)

We investigated the relationship between tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio and the crystallization of CoFeB layers through annealing in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with MgO barriers that had CoFe∕Ru∕CoFeB synthetic ferrimagnet pinned layers with varying Ru spacer thickness (tRu). The TMR ratio increased with increasing annealing temperature (Ta) and tRu, reaching 361% at Ta=425°C, whereas the TMR ratio of the MTJs with pinned layers without Ru spacers decreased at Ta over 325°C. Ruthenium spacers play an important role in forming a (001)-oriented bcc CoFeB pinned layer, resulting in a high TMR ratio through annealing at high temperatures.