gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An information-integration approach to designing digital video albums (2004)

In this paper, we present the architecture of the DVA (digital video album) system. Information-integration is the key principle utilized in this system to allow for content-based indexing, intuitive access and retrieval of digital video. Our implementation of the system demonstrated the efficiency and efficacy of such a design approach.
Large‐Scale Nonhydrolytic Sol–Gel Synthesis of Uniform‐Sized Ceria Nanocrystals with Spherical, Wire, and Tadpole Shapes (2005)

(Figure Presented) Spawning nanostructures: Uniform-sized ceria nanocrystals with sphere, wire, and tadpole shapes were synthesized from the nonhydrolytic sol-gel reaction of cerium(III) nitrate and diphenyl ether in the presence of appropriate surfactants. The picture shows a TEM image of a batch of tadpole-shaped nanowires (bottom left) and low-magnification and high-resolution TEM images of a single tadpole-shaped nanowire (right and top left, respectively). © 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp;amp; Co. KGaA.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing modulation and inter-carrier interference cancellation (2003)

The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique, wireless channel models, and a pair of new intercarrier interference self-cancellation methods are investigated in this thesis. The first chapter addresses the history of OFDM, along with its principles and applications. Chapter two consists of three parts: the principal, the modern OFDM models, and the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem. Chapter two also summarizes possible PAPR solutions. Chapter three discusses a series of well-known wireless channel models, as well as the general formula for wireless channels. In Chapter four, ICI problem has been discussed, along with its existing solutions. Chapter five focuses on two new ICI self-cancellation schemes, namely the clustering method and the multi-codebook method. These two new methods show promising results through the simulations. A summary of this thesis and the discussion of future research are also provided in Chapter five.
Specificity Profiling of Seven Human Tissue Kallikreins Reveals Individual Subsite Preferences (2006)

Human tissue kallikreins (hKs) form a family of 15 closely related (chymo)trypsin-like serine proteinases. These tissue kallikreins are expressed in a wide range of tissues including the central nervous system, the salivary gland, and endocrine-regulated tissues, such as prostate, breast, or testis, and may have diverse physiological functions. For several tissue kallikreins, a clear correlation has been established between expression and different types of cancer. For example, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA or hK3) serves as tumor marker and is used to monitor therapy response. Using a novel strategy, we have cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli or in insect cells, refolded, activated, and purified the seven human tissue kallikreins hK3/PSA, hK4, hK5, hK6, hK7, hK10, and hK11. Moreover, we have determined their extended substrate specificity for the nonprime side using a positional scanning combinatorial library of tetrapeptide substrates. hK3/PSA and hK7 exhibited a chymotrypsin-like specificity preferring large hydrophobic or polar residues at the P1 position. In contrast, hK4, hK5, and less stringent hK6 displayed a trypsin-like specificity with strong preference for P1-Arg, whereas hK10 and hK11 showed an ambivalent specificity, accepting both basic and large aliphatic P1 residues. The extended substrate specificity profiles are in good agreement with known substrate cleavage sites but also in accord with experimentally solved (hK4, hK6, and hK7) or modeled structures. The specificity profiles may lead to a better understanding of human tissue kallikrein functions and assist in identifying their physiological protein substrates as well as in designing more selective inhibitors.
Adipose Tissue, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis (2010)

Metabolic syndrome is associated with dysfunctional adipose tissue that is most likely a consequence of the enlargement of adipocytes and infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue. Obesity and ectopic lipid deposition are major risk factors for diseases ranging from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Enlargement of adipocytes, due to impaired adipocyte differentiation, leads to a chronic state of inflammation in the adipocytes and adipose tissue with a reduction in the secretion of adiponectin and increase in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. The secretion of cytokines like tumour necrosis factor (TNF)- alpha, mainly from macrophages, enhances local inflammation. These proinflammatory cytokines might also substantially affect cardiovascular function and morphology. Furthermore, a proinflammatory state in adipose tissue can lead to local insulin resistance with an impaired inhibitory effect of insulin on the release of FFAs and endothelial dysfunction that clearly promotes cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The underlying mechanisms of ectopic fat accumulation in various tissues and the impact on metabolic syndrome and its association with insulin resistance are discussed.
Mechanisms of inflammatory neurodegeneration: iNOS and NADPH oxidase (2007)

Inflammation contributes to a wide variety of brain pathologies, apparently via glia killing neurons. A number of mechanisms by which inflammatory-activated microglia and astrocytes kill neurons have been identified in culture. These include iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), which is expressed in glia only during inflammation, and PHOX (phagocytic NADPH oxidase) found in microglia and acutely activated by inflammation. High levels of iNOS expression in glia cause (i) NO (nitric oxide) inhibition of neuronal respiration, resulting in neuronal depolarization and glutamate release, followed by excitotoxicity, and (ii) glutamate release from astrocytes via calcium-dependent vesicular release. Hypoxia strongly synergizes with iNOS expression to induce neuronal death via mechanism (i), because NO inhibits cytochrome oxidase in competition with oxygen. Activation of PHOX (by cytokines, beta-amyloid, prion protein, ATP or arachidonate) causes microglial proliferation and inflammatory activation; thus PHOX is a key regulator of inflammation. Activation of PHOX alone causes no death, but when combined with expressed iNOS results in extensive neuronal death via peroxynitrite production.
The lubricating activity of synovial fluid glycoproteins (1981)

Friction measurements were performed on fractions prepared from bovine synovial fluid by using a cartilage on glass apparatus. A fraction containing lubricating glycoprotein-I (LGP-I) as the only detectable component at concentrations of 30-50 microgram/ml was able to lubricate in an identical manner to whole synovial fluid. These data indicate that LGP-I is th molecule responsible for the lubricating ability of synovial fluid. 125Iodine-labeled LGP-I also lubricated in a manner similar to synovial fluid, whereas when this sample was reduced and alkylated or treated with neuraminidase, the lubricating activity was greatly decreased. In tests to measure binding of 125I LGP-I to cartilage, an initial linear increase in binding was observed, followed by a decrease in binding at higher concentrations. In contrast, both the reduced and alkylated and the neuraminidase treated samples did not show the same concentration-dependent binding to the cartilage. It is suggested, therefore, that at least part of the lubricating ability of LGP-I is dependent upon its ability to bind to articular cartilage.
Hybrid Soybean Seed Production: Comparison of Three Methods (1996)

Improved methods to produce hybrid soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed could augment several types of research. Two previously described methods, the traditional method and the dilution method, require insect‐facilitated cross‐pollination of ms ms nuclear male‐sterile plants. The traditional method requires a substantial time investment during flowering to remove fertile siblings, and the dilution method requires a substantial amount of land and pollen‐parent seed. Because time, land, and seed are limited, a more efficient method would be valuable. The cosegregation method was developed, utilizing close genetic linkage between the W1 locus and the Ms6 locus. The W1 ___, seedling has a purple hypocotyl; the w1 w1 seedling has a green hypocotyl. The ms6 ms6 plant is male sterile and female fertile. Approximately 97% of the purple‐hypocotyl seedlings, W1 ___, in a line segregating for the w1 and ms6 alleles in coupling phase will he fertile, Ms6 ___, and can be removed as a pollen source at the first‐trifoliolate stage. Our objective was to evaluate and compare the three methods of hybrid soybean seed production for seed yield, efficiency, and hybrid seed purity and quality. We used a randomized complete‐block design (three replications per location, three locations, two years). The cosegregation method gave higher seed yield, better efficiency, and equal or better seed quality (percentage germination, 100‐seed weight) than the other methods. Male‐sterile plants yielded an average of 28.6 seeds plant −1 with the cosegregation method, 18.2 seeds plant −1 with the traditional method, and 9.5 seeds plant −1 with the dilution method. The cosegregation method will be useful in several research areas, including genetic control of complex traits, prediction of parental value, recurrent selection, and commercialization of hybrid soybean.
An optimized isolation and labeling platform for accurate microRNA expression profiling (2005)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in both plants and animals. miRNA genes have been implicated in a variety of important biological processes, including development, differentiation, apoptosis, fat metabolism, viral infection, and cancer. Similar to protein-coding messenger RNAs, miRNA expression varies between tissues and developmental states. To acquire a better understanding of global miRNA expression in tissues and cells, we have developed isolation, labeling, and array procedures to measure the relative abundance of all of the known human mature miRNAs. The method relies on rapid isolation of RNA species smaller than ~40 nucleotides (nt), direct and homogenous enzymatic labeling of the mature miRNAs with amine modified ribonucleotides, and hybridization to antisense DNA oligonucleotide probes. A thorough performance study showed that this miRNA microarray system can detect subfemtomole amounts of individual miRNAs from <1 mug of total RNA, with 98% correlation between independent replicates. The system has been applied to compare the global miRNA expression profiles in 26 different normal human tissues. This comprehensive analysis identified miRNAs that are preferentially expressed in one or a few related tissues and revealed that human adult tissues have unique miRNA profiles. This implicates miRNAs as important components of tissue development and differentiation. Taken together, these results emphasize the immense potential of microarrays for sensitive and high-throughput analysis of miRNA expression in normal and disease states.
Diffusivity and Solubility of Si in the Al Metallization of Integrated Circuits (1971)

Si was diffused along the evaporated Al layer of an integrated-circuit structure at temperatures between 360 and 560 °C, and the resulting concentration profile analyzed by electron microprobe. The Si solubility was found to agree with literature values for Si in wrought Al. The Si diffusivity was found to be substantially enhanced, however, probably due to a high density of imperfections in the evaporated Al film. Our measured diffusivities indicate an activation energy EA ≃ 0. 8 eV, about 40% less than the value for Si in wrought Al.
Free Amino Acid Composition of Grape Juice From 12Vitis viniferaCultivars in Washington (1996)

Free amino acid concentrations in juice of 12 <i>Vitis vinifera</i> cultivars grown in the Columbia and Yakima Valley appellations of Washington state were monitored from 1986 to 1990 for a total of 728 samples. When averaged across all years, arginine (expressed as mg/L) was the predominant amino acid in Gewürztraminer, Muscat Canelli, Semillon, and Pinot noir juices. Proline was predominant in juices of Chenin blanc, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, Lemberger, Merlot, Sauvignon blanc, and White Riesling. However, arginine concentration varied widely between years. Arginine, proline, proline:arginine ratio, total free α-amino acid and total free α-amino N concentrations were not correlated with soluble solids concentration at harvest. Washington juices tended to be lower in amino acid concentration than those reported for the same cultivars in California. More than 60% of the juice samples of each cultivar contained less than 400 mg total free α-amino N/L. This percentage was over 80% for all but Gewürztraminer and Muscat Canelli. All of the Cabernet Sauvignon, Lemberger, and Merlot juice samples contained less than 400 mg total free α-amino N/ L. Additionally, 93% of the Cabernet Sauvignon and 88% of the Merlot juices contained less than 200 mg total free α-amino N/L. Of the white-fruited cultivars, White Riesling (96%), Chenin blanc (94%), and Sauvignon blanc (92%) juices had the highest percentage of samples under 400 mg total free α-amino N/L. Seventy-seven percent of the White Riesling juices contained less than 200 mg total free α-amino N/L. Across all samples, 39% contained less than 150 mg total free α-amino N/L of juice, 58% contained less than 200 mg total free α-amino N/L of juice, and 90% contained less than 400 mg free α-amino N/L of juice.
Cloning, genomic organization, and chromosomal localization of the Scya5 gene encoding the murine chemokine RANTES. (1994)

RANTES is a member of the C-C subfamily of chemokines that functions as a proinflammatory chemoattractant for CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and eosinophils, and as an activator of basophils to release histamine. Like other members of the chemokine superfamily, RANTES has been implicated in a number of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune processes based on its function and its pattern of regulation. To begin study of the transcriptional regulation of RANTES, we have determined the genomic organization of the gene encoding the small inducible cytokine A5 (Scya5) and performed an initial analysis of its promoter elements. The Scya5 gene is located on chromosome 11. By Southern blot, it is a single-copy gene approximately 4.5 kb long composed of 3 exons. This chromosomal localization and pattern of genomic organization is conserved among the other C-C subfamily of chemokines. Primer extension analysis was used to identify the transcriptional initiation site that is located 27 bp downstream of a typical TATAA box. Sequence analysis of 1040 bp 5' to the start site of the Scya5 gene revealed a number of regulatory motifs that are also shared among the chemokine family including a PU.1 box, a NF-kappa B, and an IFN regulatory factor-1 response element. This region of genomic DNA was also cloned into a luciferase reporter vector. Transfection of this reporter construct into murine proximal tubular cells reveals that TNF-alpha can induce a transcriptional activation of the gene, as would be predicted from the rise in mRNA transcripts encoding RANTES in cells stimulated with TNF-alpha.
Automatic Needle Detection and Tracking in 3D Ultrasound Using an ROI-Based RANSAC and Kalman Method (2013)

This article proposes a robust technique for needle detection and tracking using three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US). It is difficult for radiologists to detect and follow the position of micro tools, such as biopsy needles, that are inserted in human tissues under 3D US guidance. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a method that automatically reduces the processed volume to a limited region of interest (ROI), increasing at the same time the calculation speed and the robustness of the proposed technique. First, a line filter method that enhances the contrast of the needle against the background is used to facilitate the initialization of ROI using the tubularness information of the complete US volume. Then, the random sample consensus (RANSAC) and Kalman filter (RK) algorithm is used in the ROI to detect and track the precise position of the needle. A series of numerical inhomogeneous phantoms with a needle simulated from real 3D US volumes are used to evaluate our method. The results show that the proposed method is much more robust than the RANSAC algorithm when detecting the needle, regardless of whether or not the insertion axis corresponds to an acquisition plane in the 3D US volume. The possibility of failure is also discussed in this article.
Pharmacology ofCurcuma longa (1991)

The data reviewed indicate that extracts of Curcuma longa exhibit anti-inflammatory activity after parenteral application in standard animal models used for testing anti-inflammatory activity. It turned out that curcumin and the volatile oil are at least in part responsible for this action. It appears that when given orally, curcumin is far less active than after i.p. administration. This may be due to poor absorption, as discussed. Data on histamine-induced ulcers are controversial, and studies on the secretory activity (HCl, pepsinogen) are still lacking. In vitro, curcumin exhibited antispasmodic activity. Since there was a protective effect of extracts of Curcuma longa on the liver and a stimulation of bile secretion in animals, Curcuma longa has been advocated for use in liver disorders. Evidence for an effect on liver disease in humans is not yet available. From the facts that after oral application only traces of curcumin were found in the blood and that, on the other hand, most of the curcumin is excreted via the faeces it may be concluded that curcumin is absorbed poorly by the gastrointestinal tract and/or underlies presystemic transformation. Systemic effects therefore seem to be questionable after oral application except that they occur at very low concentrations of curcumin. This does not exclude a local action in the gastrointestinal tract.
Mismatch repair-dependent processing of methylation damage gives rise to persistent single-stranded gaps in newly replicated DNA (2007)

O(6)-Methylguanine ((Me)G) is a highly cytotoxic DNA modification generated by S(N)1-type methylating agents. Despite numerous studies implicating DNA replication, mismatch repair (MMR), and homologous recombination (HR) in (Me)G toxicity, its mode of action has remained elusive. We studied the molecular transactions in the DNA of yeast and mammalian cells treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Although replication fork progression was unaffected in the first cell cycle after treatment, electron microscopic analysis revealed an accumulation of (Me)G- and MMR-dependent single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps in newly replicated DNA. Progression into the second cell cycle required HR, while the following G(2) arrest required the continued presence of (Me)G. Yeast cells overcame this block, while mammalian cells generally failed to recover, and those that did contained multiple sister chromatid exchanges. Notably, the arrest could be abolished by removal of (Me)G after the first S phase. These new data provide compelling support for the hypothesis that MMR attempts to correct (Me)G/C or (Me)G/T mispairs arising during replication. Due to the persistence of (Me)G in the exposed template strand, repair synthesis cannot take place, which leaves single-stranded gaps behind the replication fork. During the subsequent S phase, these gaps cause replication fork collapse and elicit recombination and cell cycle arrest.
Insulin Biosynthesis: Evidence for a Precursor (1967)

Human islet cell tumor tissue and isolated islets of Langerhans from rats incorporated radioactive amino acids in vitro into insulin and a larger acid-alcohol soluble protein which could be separated from insulin by gel filtration. The amino acids were incorporated into the larger protein earlier than into insulin; only after incubation of islets for approximately 30 minutes did radioactivity begin to appear in insulin. The transfer of about 70 percent of the radioactivity of the larger protein to insulin was demonstrated in the absence of new peptide bond synthesis (cycloheximide), or during incubation with unlabeled amino acid (chase). The results indicate that the larger protein is a precursor in the biosynthesis of insulin. The name "proinsulin" is suggested for this protein.
The Agrin/MuSK Signaling Pathway Is Spatially Segregated from the Neuregulin/ErbB Receptor Signaling Pathway at the Neuromuscular Junction (2000)

The neuregulin/erbB receptor and agrin/MuSK pathways are critical for communication between the nerve, muscle, and Schwann cell that establishes the precise topological arrangement at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ). ErbB2, erbB3, and erbB4 as well as neuregulin, agrin, and MuSK are known to be concentrated at the NMJ. Here we have examined NMJs from gastrocnemius muscle of adult rat using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy to characterize in detail the distribution of these proteins relative to the distribution of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). We have determined that erbB2 and erbB4 are enriched in the depths of the secondary junctional folds on the postsynaptic muscle membrane. In contrast, erbB3 at the NMJ was concentrated at presynaptic terminal Schwann cells. This distribution strongly argues that erbB2/erbB4 heterodimers are the functional postsynaptic neuregulin receptors of the NMJ. Neuregulin was localized to the axon terminal, secondary folds, and terminal Schwann cells, where it was in a position to signal through erbB receptors. MuSK was concentrated in the postsynaptic primary gutter region where it was codistributed with AChRs. Agrin was present at the axon terminal and in the basal lamina associated with the primary gutter region, but not in the secondary junctional folds. The differential distributions of the neuregulin and agrin signaling pathways argue against neuregulin and erbB receptors being localized to the NMJ via direct interactions with either agrin or MuSK.
Spoken Language Understanding: Systems for Extracting Semantic Information from Speech (2011)

Spoken language understanding (SLU) is an emerging field in between speech and language processing, investigating human/ machine and human/ human communication by leveraging technologies from signal processing, pattern recognition, machine learning and artificial intelligence. SLU systems are designed to extract the meaning from speech utterances and its applications are vast, from voice search in mobile devices to meeting summarization, attracting interest from both commercial and academic sectors. Both human/machine and human/human communications can benefit from the application of SLU, usin
Recent trends in disc bowl centrifuge development (2000)

The process performance of centrifuges continues to improve, in terms of both processing cost and quality of the resulting process streams. This article takes a look at recent trends in disc bowl centrifuge development.