gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reagents and synthetic methods. 61. Reaction of hindered trialkylsilyl esters and trialkylsilyl ethers with triphenylphosphine dibromide: preparation of carboxylic acid bromides and alkyl bromides under mild neutral conditions (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReagents and synthetic methods. 61. Reaction of hindered trialkylsilyl esters and trialkylsilyl ethers with triphenylphosphine dibromide: preparation of carboxylic acid bromides and alkyl bromides under mild neutral conditionsJesus M. Aizpurua, Fernando P. Cossio, and Claudio PalomoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 25, 4941–4943Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00375a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2111Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (397 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effect of Quillaja saponaria saponins and Yucca schidigera plant extract on growth of Escherichia coli (1998)

Escherichia coli K-12 was exposed to Quillaja saponaria saponins from various commercial firms (Sigma, Roth and Nor-feed) and to an extract of Yucca schidigera plant powder (DK Sarsaponin 30) at different concentrations (0.05-1.0% w/v). A concentration-dependent response was observed. Quillaja saponaria saponins from Sigma increased growth up to 0.1% (w/v) level, whereas Nor-feed and Roth saponins produced maximum growth at a much higher level (0.5 and 0.75%, w/v, respectively). These results suggest that quillaja saponins from various sources differ in their biological activity, although all three saponins had the same content of vanillin-sulphuric acid reactive moieties. The lyophilized water extract from the DK Sarsaponin powder showed maximum growth at 0.1% (w/v) level. The levels at which maximum growth was observed did not change on subjecting the quillaja or yucca saponins to heat treatment in an autoclave (121 degrees C for 30 min). All the saponins and the plant extract increased growth of Escherichia coli up to a certain concentration and thereafter decreased growth. In spite of the decreased growth at higher levels of saponins, it was higher compared to the control (without saponin) up to levels of 1% (w/v) for all saponins except Quillaja saponins from Sigma, for which the growth was lower at levels of 0.25% (w/v) and higher. Saponins have the potential to modulate microbial growth in natural and artificial fermenters.
Effects of Peripheral and Axial Substitutions on Electronic Transitions of Tin Naphthalocyanines (2011)

Tin naphthalocyanine molecules display strong absorption in the infrared region (IR), making them ideal as components of organic photodiodes and solar cells. We use density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) at the B3LYP level to study the influence of axial and peripheral ligands on the absorption wavelength of tin naphthalocyanines. We find that TD-DFT is successful at reproducing the experimental absorption spectra of free base naphthalocyanine and tin naphthalocyanine molecules and can be used as a reliable tool to predict absorption spectra of substituted naphthalocyanines. Functional groups attached axially to tin (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I) and peripherally to the inner ring (-F, -Cl, -Br, -Ph, -OH, -COCH(3), -O(CH(2))(3)CH(3)) of the tin naphthalocyanine molecule tune the excitation wavelength in the near-infrared region between 770 and 940 nm. While substituents to the outer naphthalocyanine ring (-Cl, -Br) affect the intensity of the absorption peaks in the NIR region, they do not influence their absorption wavelength. Asymmetric substitution of naphthalocyanine pendant arms can be employed to decrease intensity of the absorption peaks in the visible region with respect to the intensity of the peaks in the NIR.
Stereocontrolled 1,2-cis glycosylation as the driving force of progress in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry (2015)

Recent developments in stereoselective 1,2-<italic>cis</italic>glycosylation that have emerged during the past decade are surveyed herein.
Automated deception detection of 911 call transcripts (2014)

This study is a successful proof of concept of using automated text analysis to accurately classify transcribed 911 homicide calls according to their veracity. Fifty matched, caller-side transcripts were labeled as truthful or deceptive based on the subsequent adjudication of the cases. We mined the transcripts and analyzed a set of linguistic features supported by deception theories. Our results suggest that truthful callers display more negative emotion and anxiety and provide more details for emergency workers to respond to the call. On the other hand, deceivers attempt to suppress verbal responses by using more negation and assent words. Using these features as input variables, we trained and tested several machine-learning classification algorithms and compared the results with the output from a statistical classification technique, discriminant analysis. The overall performance of the classification techniques was as high as 84% for the cross-validated set. The promising results of this study illustrate the potential of using automated linguistic analyses in crime investigations.
Wild-type and mutated IDH1/2 enzymes and therapy responses (2018)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) are key enzymes in cellular metabolism, epigenetic regulation, redox states, and DNA repair. IDH1/2 mutations are causal in the development and/or progression of various types of cancer due to supraphysiological production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate. In various tumor types, IDH1/2-mutated cancers predict for improved responses to treatment with irradiation or chemotherapy. The present review discusses the molecular basis of the sensitivity of IDH1/2-mutated cancers with respect to the function of mutated IDH1/2 in cellular processes and their interactions with novel IDH1/2-mutant inhibitors. Finally, lessons learned from IDH1/2 mutations for future clinical applications in IDH1/2 wild-type cancers are discussed.
Selective removal of electron-accepting p-toluene- and naphthalenesulfonyl protecting groups for amino function via photoinduced donor acceptor ion pairs with electron-donating aromatics (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective removal of electron-accepting p-toluene- and naphthalenesulfonyl protecting groups for amino function via photoinduced donor acceptor ion pairs with electron-donating aromaticsTatsuo. Hamada, Atsushi. Nishida, and Osamu. YonemitsuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1, 140–145Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00261a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00261a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2292Altmetric-Citations130LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficacy of Aerosolized Tobramycin in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (1993)

Direct aerosol delivery of aminoglycosides such as tobramycin to the lower airways of patients with cystic fibrosis may control infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and improve pulmonary function, with low systemic toxicity. We conducted a randomized crossover study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of aerosolized tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis and P. aeruginosa infections.Seventy-one patients with stable pulmonary status were recruited from seven U.S. centers for the treatment of cystic fibrosis and randomly assigned to one of two crossover regimens. Group 1 received 600 mg of aerosolized tobramycin for 28 days, followed by half-strength physiologic saline (placebo) for two 28-day period. Group 2 received placebo for 28 days, followed by tobramycin for two 28-day periods. Pulmonary function, the density of P. aeruginosa in sputum, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and the emergence of tobramycin-resistant P. aeruginosa were monitored.In the first 28-day period, treatment with tobramycin was associated with an increase in the percentage of the value predicted for forced expiratory volume in one second (9.7 percentage points higher than the value for placebo; P < 0.001), forced vital capacity (6.2 percentage points higher than the value for placebo; P = 0.014), and forced expiratory flow at the midportion of the vital capacity (13.0 percentage points higher than the value for placebo; P < 0.001). A decrease in the density of P. aeruginosa in sputum by a factor of 100 (P < 0.001) was found during all periods of tobramycin administration. Neither ototoxicity nor nephrotoxicity was detected. The frequency of the emergence of tobramycin-resistant bacteria was similar during both tobramycin and placebo administration.The short-term aerosol administration of a high dose of tobramycin in patients with clinically stable cystic fibrosis is an efficacious and safe treatment for endobronchial infection with P. aeruginosa.
Evaluation of the safety, recovery, half-life, and clinical efficacy of antithrombin III (human) in patients with hereditary antithrombin III deficiency. Cooperative Study Group. (1990)

Antithrombin III (Human) (AT III) was administered to 18 patients with documented hereditary AT III deficiency. In eight patients with no ongoing clinical symptoms of thrombosis, the percent increase per unit AT III infused per kilogram of body weight ranged from 1.56% to 2.74%, and the half-life from 43.3 to 77.0 hours. No significant difference was noted between patients receiving and those not receiving coumarin therapy. In clinically ill patients, the in vivo recovery was significantly lower and ranged from 0.64% to 1.90% increase per unit AT III infused/kg. Efficacy of AT III was evaluated in 13 patients for the prevention or treatment of thrombosis. AT III was efficacious as assessed by the absence of thrombotic complications after surgery and/or parturition, and the nonextension and nonrecurrence of thrombosis in patients exhibiting an acute thrombotic episode. No side effects were noted. Follow-up studies indicated no hepatitis B seroconversion and no alanine aminotransferase elevations in patients who were not transfused with other blood products.
Relative reciprocity of NRAS and PTEN/MMAC1 alterations in cutaneous melanoma cell lines. (2000)

Both inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene, PTEN/MMAC1, and oncogenic activation of RAS have been described in human cutaneous melanoma. In mice, activation of a RAS-containing pathway is a necessary step in the pathogenesis of murine melanomas. Because PTEN negatively regulates on the downstream effects of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K), we hypothesized that the loss of PTEN/MMAC1 and the activation of RAS may be largely equivalent because RAS is a known positive upstream regulator of PI3-K. We expanded our previous survey of PTEN/MMAC1 mutations and analyzed the RAS status of 53 cutaneous melanoma cell lines, 18 glioma cell lines, and 17 uncultured cutaneous melanoma metastasis. Overall, 51% of the cell lines had alterations in either PTEN/MMAC1 or RAS. We found 16 cell lines (30%) with alterations in PTEN/MMAC1 and 11 cell lines (21%) with activating NRAS mutations; only 1 cell line had concurrent alterations in both genes. Moreover, glioma cell lines with a high frequency of PTEN/MMAC1 inactivation had no identifiable RAS alterations. Ectopic expression of PTEN in several cutaneous melanoma cell lines suppressed colony formation irrespective of PTEN/MMAC1 status; furthermore, PTEN expression in cell lines carrying activated RAS also suppressed colony formation. The relative reciprocity of PTEN/MMAC1 abrogation and NRAS activation suggests that the two genetic changes, in a subset of cutaneous melanomas, are functionally overlapping.
Effects of IL-13 on airway responses in the guinea pig (2002)

Levels of interleukin (IL)-13 are increased in asthmatic airways. IL-13 has been shown to be necessary and sufficient for allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and increased inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in a murine model of asthma but is thought to protect against airway inflammation when low doses are provided to the guinea pig lung. To determine the role of IL-13 in the guinea pig, we studied the effects of a 360-microg/kg dose of nebulized IL-13 in naive animals and of IL-13 abrogation after airway challenge of sensitized animals. Nebulized IL-13 significantly decreased the dose of histamine required to double baseline respiratory system resistance (ED(100), 22 +/- 3 vs. 13 +/- 2 nmol/kg; P < 0.05) and was associated with recovery of significantly greater numbers of macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils in BAL fluid. Guinea pigs pretreated with a fusion protein that binds IL-13 [soluble IL-13 receptor alpha2 (sIL-13Ralpha2)] were protected from developing antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (ED(100), 210 +/- 50 vs. 20 +/- 10 nmol/kg; P <0.01). sIL-13Ralpha2 (2 doses of 20 mg/kg) significantly reduced the histological grade of allergen-induced lung eosinophil accumulation, whereas the effects of two doses of 10 mg/kg were not significant. These findings demonstrate that the tissue levels of IL-13 induced by allergen challenge of sensitized animals induce airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation and that IL-13 is required for the expression of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in the guinea pig ovalbumin model.
The Reaction of Nitrogen(II) Oxide with Various Primary and Secondary Amines (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Nitrogen(II) Oxide with Various Primary and Secondary AminesRussell S. Drago and Bruce R. KarstetterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 8, 1819–1822Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01469a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01469a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views938Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Problems in determining the misorientation axes, for small angular misorientations, using electron backscatter diffraction in the SEM (1999)

The errors associated with calculating misorientation axes from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data have been assessed experimentally. EBSD measurements were made on the same grains after imposed rotations of 2 degrees, 5 degrees, 7 degrees, 10 degrees, 12 degrees, 17 degrees, 27 degrees and 180 degrees around the normal to the specimen surface. The misorientation magnitudes and the misorientation axes associated with the imposed rotations have been calculated from the EBSD data. Individual measurements of misorientation axes are precise for misorientation magnitudes greater than approximately 20 degrees. The errors must be appreciated when assessing misorientation data at lower misorientation magnitudes and particularly at magnitudes less than 5 degrees. Where misorientation axes can be characterized by the distribution of axes from a number of individual measurements, current EBSD techniques are satisfactory, for data sets of 30 measurements, as long as misorientation magnitudes are 10 degrees or more. With larger data sets it may be possible to extend this approach to smaller misorientation magnitudes. For characterization of individual misorientations less than 5 degrees, new EBSD techniques need to be developed.
Expression of the neu protooncogene in the mammary epithelium of transgenic mice induces metastatic disease. (1992)

Overexpression and amplification of the neu (c-erbB2, ERBB2) protooncogene have been implicated in the development of aggressive human breast cancer. To directly assess the effect of mammary gland-specific expression of the neu protooncogene, transgenic mice carrying unactivated neu under the transcriptional control of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter/enhancer were established. By contrast to the rapid tumor progression observed in several transgenic strains carrying the activated neu transgene, expression of unactivated neu in the mammary epithelium resulted in the development of focal mammary tumors after long latency. The majority of the mammary tumors analyzed expressed elevated levels of neu-encoded mRNA and protein. Overexpression of neu in the mammary tumors was also associated with elevated neu intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and the de novo tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins. Interestingly, many of the tumor-bearing transgenic mice developed secondary metastatic tumors in the lung. These observations suggest that overexpression of the unactivated neu protein can induce metastatic disease after long latency.
Interleukin 6 causes growth impairment in transgenic mice through a decrease in insulin-like growth factor-I. A model for stunted growth in children with chronic inflammation. (1997)

Stunted growth is a major complication of chronic inflammation and recurrent infections in children. Systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by markedly elevated circulating levels of IL-6 and stunted growth. In this study we found that NSE/hIL-6 transgenic mouse lines expressing high levels of circulating IL-6 since early after birth presented a reduced growth rate that led to mice 50-70% the size of nontransgenic littermates. Administration of a monoclonal antibody to the murine IL-6 receptor partially reverted the growth defect. In NSE/hIL-6 transgenic mice, circulating IGF-I levels were significantly lower than those of nontransgenic littermates; on the contrary, the distribution of growth hormone pituitary cells, as well as circulating growth hormone levels, were normal. Treatment of nontransgenic mice of the same strain with IL-6 resulted in a significant decrease in IGF-I levels. Moreover, in patients with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, circulating IL-6 levels were negatively correlated with IGF-I levels. Our findings suggest that IL-6-mediated decrease in IGF-I production represents a major mechanism by which chronic inflammation affects growth.
Mutual Fund Flows and Performance in Rational Markets (2004)

We derive a parsimonious rational model of active portfolio management that reproduces many regularities widely regarded as anomalous. Fund flows rationally respond to past performance in the model even though performance is not persistent and investments with active managers do not outperform passive benchmarks on average. The lack of persistence in returns does not imply that differential ability across managers is nonexistent or unrewarded or that gathering information about performance is socially wasteful. The model can quantitatively reproduce many salient features in the data. The flow‐performance relationship is consistent with high average levels of skills and considerable heterogeneity across managers.
Protein evolution analysis of S-hydroxynitrile lyase by complete sequence design utilizing the INTMSAlign software (2015)

Development of software and methods for design of complete sequences of functional proteins could contribute to studies of protein engineering and protein evolution. To this end, we developed the INTMSAlign software, and used it to design functional proteins and evaluate their usefulness. The software could assign both consensus and correlation residues of target proteins. We generated three protein sequences with S-selective hydroxynitrile lyase (S-HNL) activity, which we call designed S-HNLs; these proteins folded as efficiently as the native S-HNL. Sequence and biochemical analysis of the designed S-HNLs suggested that accumulation of neutral mutations occurs during the process of S-HNLs evolution from a low-activity form to a high-activity (native) form. Taken together, our results demonstrate that our software and the associated methods could be applied not only to design of complete sequences, but also to predictions of protein evolution, especially within families such as esterases and S-HNLs.
Enzymatic preparation of optically active fungicide intermediates in aqueous and in organic media (1992)

Abstract