gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluctuating Enzymes:  Lessons from Single-Molecule Studies (2005)

Recent single-molecule enzymology measurements with improved statistics have demonstrated that a single enzyme molecule exhibits large temporal fluctuations of the turnover rate constant at a broad range of time scales (from 1 ms to 100 s). The rate constant fluctuations, termed as dynamic disorder, are associated with fluctuations of the protein conformations observed on the same time scales. We discuss the unique information extractable from these experiments and the reconciliation of these observations with ensemble-averaged Michaelis-Menten equation. A theoretical model based on the generalized Langevin equation (GLE) treatment of Kramers' barrier crossing problem for chemical reactions accounts naturally for the observation of dynamic disorder and highly dispersed kinetics.
Augmented Reality through Wearable Computing (1997)

Wearable computing moves computation from the desktop to the user. We are forming a community of networked, wearable-computer users to explore, over a long period, the augmented realities that these systems can provide. By adapting its behavior to the user's changing environment, a body-worn computer can assist the user more intelligently, consistently, and continuously than a desktop system. A text-based augmented reality, the Remembrance Agent, is presented to illustrate this approach. Video cameras are used both to warp the visual input (mediated reality) and to sense the user's world for graphical overlay. With a camera, the computer could track the user's finger to act as the system's mouse; perform face recognition; and detect passive objects to overlay 2.5D and 3D graphics onto the real world. Additional apparatus such as audio systems, infrared beacons for sensing location, and biosensors for learning about the wearer's affect are described. With the use of input from these interface devices and sensors, a long-term goal of this project is to model the user's actions, anticipate his or her needs, and perform a seamless interaction between the virtual and physical environments.
Clinical Course and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2018)

HCM is the most common genetic disorder of the heart, with 1 case per 200 to 500 persons, and often remains clinically silent. HCM is the most common cause of sudden death in athletes, but pharmacologic, electrical, and surgical interventions have reduced mortality to 0.5% per year.
Double-edged sword behaviour of gallic acid and its interaction with peroxidases in human microvascular endothelial cell culture (HMEC-1). Antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects. (2010)

A previous report from our group had shown in vitro a direct interaction between peroxidases and dietary antioxidants at physiological concentrations, where in the absence of H(2)O(2), the antioxidants could serve as oxidizing substrates for the peroxidases. However, the physiological relevance of those findings had not been evaluated. The main objective of this study was to determine whether the oxidizing products produced in the interaction between peroxidase and gallic acid at a physiological concentration of 1 microM may promote cell death or survival in a human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1). Our findings suggested that gallic acid may show a double-edged sword behaviour, since in the absence of H(2)O(2) it may have a pro-oxidant effect which may promote cell injury (evidenced by LDH, Crystal Violet and calcein AM viability/citotoxicity assays), while in the presence of H(2)O(2), gallic acid may act as an antioxidant inhibiting oxidative species produced in the peroxidase cycle of peroxidases. These observations were confirmed with several oxidative stress biomarkers and the evaluation of the activation of cell survival pathways like AKT and MAPK/ERK.
Optical storage technology and applications (1988)

This book covers the proceedings of The International Society for Optical Engineering. Topics covered include Mossbauer spectroscopic study of amorphous rare earth-transition metals (RE-TM) thin films and storage for superconducting: a limiting issue.
Lupus Erythematosus Cell Preparation-Antinuclear Factor Incongruity: A Review of Diagnostic Tests for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1976)

The cases of 20 patients, each of whom had a positive lupus erythematosus cell preparation and a negative antinuclear factor test, are presented. The concept of a false-positive lupus erythematosus preparation is suggested. Five common mechanisms causing a false-negative antinuclear factor test are discussed and evaluated. Clinical material from the 20 patients is described and pitfalls in diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus are reviewed.
Porous implants as drug delivery vehicles to augment host tissue integration (2008)

The common premise of synthetic implants in the restoration of diseased tissues and organs is to use inert and solid materials. Here, a porous titanium implant was fabricated for the delivery of microencapsulated bioactive cues. Control-released transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) promoted the proliferation and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells into porous implants in vitro. At 4 wk of implantation in the rabbit humerus, control-released TGF-beta1 from porous implants significantly increased bone-to-implant contact (BIC) by 96% and bone ingrowth by 50% over placebos. Control-released 100 ng TGF-beta1 induced equivalent BIC and bone ingrowth to adsorbed 1 microg TGF-beta1, suggesting that controlled release is effective at 10-fold less drug dose than adsorption. Histomorphometry, scanning electron microscopy, and microcomputed tomography showed that control-released TGF-beta1 enhanced bone ingrowth in the implant's pores and surface. These findings suggest that solid prostheses can be transformed into porous implants to serve as drug delivery carriers, from which control-released bioactive cues augment host tissue integration.
T lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis. I. A common mechanism for target recognition in specific and lectin-dependent cytolysis. (1981)

In this and the accompanying paper we examine the nature of the interactions between effector cells and target cells leading to lysis in T cell-mediated cytolysis reactions. In the first paper, we re-examine the role of lectin (Con A) in the process of lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (LDCC). Lectin has generally been thought to act simply as a bridge between the cytotoxic effector cell (EC) and the target cell (TC), thus bypassing the need for receptor-antigen interaction and accounting for the nonspecific character of this lytic reaction. A role for lectin in the activation of cytotoxic function in the EC has also been suggested. In this paper we confirm that LDCC occurs when TC alone are pretreated with lectin, but not when EC alone are pretreated with lectin, unless free lectin is also present in the assay mixture. In addition, we demonstrate that the failure of lectin-pretreated EC to bind to and lyse TC is not caused by agglutination or self-destruction of the EC. Moreover, lectin-pretreated EC are not inherently deficient in the ability to bind or lyse TC, if the latter are pretreated with lectin, or if free lectin is present in the assay. Finally, when EC are used as both effectors and targets in LDCC, lysis is observed only in the direction of the lectin-pretreated partner. From these results we conclude that in LDCC, as in specific CTL cytolysis, CTL-TC recognition proceeds through interaction of an EC surface receptor (distinct from the lectin receptor), and a TC antigen perhaps modified by, but distinct from, the lectin itself. In the accompanying paper we present evidence that this receptor-determinant interaction involves TC MHC antigen.
Simple and Efficient Catalytic Reaction for the Selective Deuteration of Alcohols (2013)

A highly efficient system for the catalytic deuteration of α and β CH bonds of primary and secondary alcohols has been developed. The deuterium source is D2O. Together with the low catalyst loadings and the simple experimental setup, the reaction has direct application to the synthesis of bioactive isotopologues and the direct synthesis of fully deuterated substrates, such as ethanol-d6. The current system represents a significant advance in practicality for homogeneous metal catalyzed systems that carry out H/D exchange in organic substrates with water.
Computer-Aided Drug Design: Structure-Activity Relationships of Delta Opioid Ligands (2005)

Opioids acting through the μ opioid receptor traditionally represent the most effective analgesic agents. Alternatively, ligands acting as agonists at theδopioid receptor have been pursued as analgesic agents lacking the undesirable effects of m opioid agonists including morphine. This interest led to the development of selective peptide and non-peptideδligands, contributing to a better understanding of the physiological role of theδopioid receptor, including its interaction with other receptor systems. It is now understood that theδopioid receptors are involved in other biological processes, thereby providing tremendous therapeutic potential for agents acting at theδreceptor. Computer-aided modeling studies, in conjunction with pharmacological investigations of theδligands, have the potential to facilitate the exploitation of this potential via the development of predictive structure-activity relationships (SAR). To date, modeling studies have been performed on both peptidic and non-peptidicδligands, including conformational studies of constrained ligands, facilitating the identification of bioactive conformations ofδligands. In the present article, an overview of these modeling studies will be presented, with emphasis on the long-term goal of the development of therapeutic agents acting on theδopioid receptor.
Improving the privacy and security of electronic health information (1997)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Ahead-of-Print Collections Editorials of Laura Weiss Roberts, MD, MAAM Last PageCOVID-19 and Medical EducationAddressing Race and Racism in Medical EducationeBooksView All For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalAbout the AAMCJournal MastheadSubmit a ManuscriptAdvertising InformationSubscription ServicesReprints and Back IssuesClassified AdsRights and PermissionsFor ReviewersFor MediaFor Trainees All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
RIP3, a Novel Apoptosis-inducing Kinase (1999)

RIP3 is a novel gene product containing a N-terminal kinase domain that shares extensive homology with the corresponding domain in RIP (receptor-interacting protein) and RIP2. Unlike RIP, which has a C-terminal death domain, and RIP2, which has a C-terminal caspase activation and recruitment domain, RIP3 has a unique C terminus. RIP3 binds RIP through its unique C-terminal segment and by virtue of this interaction is recruited to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-1 signaling complex. Previous studies have shown that RIP mediates TNF-induced activation of the anti-apoptotic NF-kappaB pathway. RIP3, however, attenuates both RIP and TNF receptor-1-induced NF-kappaB activation. Overexpression studies revealed RIP3 to be a potent inducer of apoptosis, capable of selectively binding to large prodomain initiator caspases.
Note: Detection jitter of pulsed time-of-flight lidar with dual pulse triggering (2014)

To enable very large dynamic range of optical input amplitude for pulsed time-of-flight laser rangefinders required in industrial applications, multi-triggering receivers have been previously proposed. In this Note, the detection jitter of such a receiver using the average of leading and trailing edge crossing times as a pulse timing estimate is experimentally evaluated, with especial attention on the jitter due to signal shot noise. It is shown that the average of leading and trailing edge threshold crossing times gives smaller detection jitter than either edge solely, and that this effect is emphasized at higher signal shot noise levels.
A study of the origin of ‘shadow bands’ seen when typing dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms by the PCR (1993)

Dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms ('microsatellites') are usually typed by resolving the products of PCR amplification on denaturing acrylamide gels. With this methodology, an allele consists not of a single fragment, but rather of a ladder of fragments, typically separated by intervals of 2nt. Mechanisms that have been invoked to explain the generation of these 'shadow bands' include slipped strand mispairing occurring during the PCR and artefactual 'recombination' caused by out-of-register annealing of truncated PCR products. The D11S527 locus contains the microsatellite sequence (GT)n(CTGT)m. By performing direct sequencing of PCR products derived from individuals homozygous at D11S527, we show that these products vary in length due solely to variations in the length of the dinucleotide repeat tract. These results rule out PCR recombination and support slipped strand mispairing as the major mechanism for generation of shadow bands.
Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Fabry Disease (2001)

Intravenous infusions of alpha-gal A are safe and have widespread therapeutic efficacy in Fabry disease.
Current strategies in antibody engineering: Fc engineering and pH‐dependent antigen binding, bispecific antibodies and antibody drug conjugates (2012)

Antibody engineering technologies are constantly advancing to improve the clinical effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Effector functions may be modified by engineering the Fc region, for example to improve or reduce binding to Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) or complement factors. Other examples for Fc engineering include modification of the half-life of immunoglobulin G (IgG); various studies have shown that half-life can be prolonged by increasing the affinity of Fc for the Fc neonatal receptor (FcRn). Furthermore, engineered pH-dependent antigen binding can be applied to enhance the recycling of IgG via FcRn, enabling binding to additional target molecules. Since bispecific approaches may elicit desired effects on disease targets, a variety of bispecific formats have been developed, including variants that structurally mimic IgG. Finally, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) create new opportunities for treatment of certain diseases. Advances in antibody generation, selection of highly cytotoxic molecules and production of stable linkers have paved the way to the development of many ADCs that can be tested in clinical trials. This review covers current antibody engineering strategies for the modification of therapeutic antibodies in the areas of Fc engineering and pH-dependent antigen binding, bispecific antibodies and ADCs.
Autologous transplantation of bone marrow-derived mononuclear and CD133(+) cells in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. (2011)

Our study has shown both the safety and feasibility of this type of liver cell therapy and may be a bridge to liver transplantation. The trial was registered with NIH clinical trials (www.clinicaltrials.gov) as identifier: NCT00713934.
Amphiphilic Azobenzenesulfonic Acid Anionic Surfactant for Water-Soluble, Ordered, and Luminescent Polypyrrole Nanospheres (2007)

Self-organized micelles of new renewable resource amphiphilic azobenzenesulfonic acid anionic surfactant were utilized to prepare water-soluble, luminescent, and highly ordered polypyrrole nanomaterials. The micellar behavior of the reaction medium was precisely controlled by varying the composition of pyrrole/surfactant ratio from 3 to 100 (up to 100 times lower amount of surfactant with respect to pyrrole), and polypyrrole nanospheres of 150-800 nm were prepared. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and viscosity techniques were employed as tools to trace the factors, which control the mechanism of polypyrrole nanomaterials formation. DLS studies confirmed that the surfactant exists as in the form of spherical micelles of 4.8 nm diameter in water. Specific viscosity measurement revealed that the pyrrole+surfactant complexes in water exist in the form of either aggregated or isolated micelles depending upon their composition in the feed. SEM and TEM analysis confirmed that the aggregated micellar templates produced coral-like morphology, whereas uniform polypyrrole nanospheres of 150-400 nm were obtained at low micellar concentration. The nanomaterials formation was unperturbed by the variation of the oxidation agents such as ammonium persulphate (APS) or ferric chloride (FeCl3). WXRD analysis of the nanomaterials indicates that the anionic surfactant effectively penetrates into the polypyrrole chains, and a new peak at 2theta = 6.3 degrees (d-spacing = 14 A) was observed corresponding to highly ordered polymer chains. UV-vis and FT-IR confirmed the highly doped state, and the conductivity of the samples was obtained in the range of 10(-1) to 10(-2) S/cm by four-probe conductivity measurements. The azobenzenesulfonic acid anionic surfactant is luminescent in water, and its grafting on the polypyrrole nanospheres enhances the luminescent intensity with the quantum yield in the range of 2 x 10(-3) to 3 x 10(-4).
Insights from the study of animals lacking functional estrogen receptor (1994)

Estrogen hormones produce physiological actions within a variety of target sites in the body and during development by activating a specific receptor protein. Hormone responsiveness for the estrogen receptor protein was investigated at different stages of development with the use of gene knockout techniques because no natural genetic mutants have been described. A mutant mouse line without a functional estrogen receptor was created and is being used to assess estrogen responsiveness. Both sexes of these mutant animals are infertile and show a variety of phenotypic changes, some of which are associated with the gonads, mammary glands, reproductive tracts, and skeletal tissues.
A New Charge Storage Mechanism for Electrochemical Capacitors (1995)

The hydrous form of ruthenium oxide has been demonstrated to be an excellent electrode material for electrochemical capacitors. This material, as prepared by a sol‐gel process at low temperatures, is amorphous and electrically conductive. The specific capacitance is over . This value is at least two times higher than the highest value ever reported for such materials. The charge storage mechanism is believed to involve bulk electrochemical protonation of the oxide. This discovery opens a new avenue of research in the field of high energy density electrochemical capacitors.
Design and analysis of low-power cache using two-level filter scheme (2003)

Power consumption is an increasingly pressing problem in modern processor design. Since the on-chip caches usually consume a significant amount of power, it is one of the most attractive targets for power reduction. This paper presents a two-level filter scheme, which consists of the L1 and L2 filters, to reduce the power consumption of the on-chip cache. The main idea of the proposed scheme is motivated by the substantial unnecessary activities in conventional cache architecture. We use a single block buffer as the L1 filter to eliminate the unnecessary cache accesses. In the L2 filter, we then propose a new sentry-tag architecture to further filter out the unnecessary way activities in case of the L1 filter miss. We use SimpleScalar to simulate the SPEC2000 benchmarks and perform the HSPICE simulations to evaluate the proposed architecture. Experimental results show that the two-level filter scheme can effectively reduce the cache power consumption by eliminating most unnecessary cache activities, while the compromise of system performance is negligible. Compared to a conventional instruction cache (32 kB, two-way) implemented with only the L1 filter, the use of a two-level filter can result in roughly 30% reduction in total cache power consumption. Similarly, compared to a conventional data cache (32 kB, four-way) implemented with only the L1 filter, the total cache power reduction is approximately 46%.
Effects of Hypoxia on Iron Absorption in Rats (1956)

1. Experiments with Fe59 were carried out to test the hypothesis that hypoxia increases iron absorption. 2. Hypoxia was found to increase iron absorption by approximately one-third.
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Oral Neoplasia Based on Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Native Tissue Autofluorescence (1998)

Consistent differences exist between the fluorescence spectra of abnormal and normal oral mucosa. Therefore, fluorescence spectroscopy has the potential to improve the noninvasive diagnosis of oral cavity neoplasia. Further studies will better define the role of this technique in the detection of premalignant and early oral cancer lesions.
Simple, Efficient Catalyst System for the Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Chlorides, Bromides, and Triflates (2000)

Palladium complexes supported by (o-biphenyl)P(t-Bu)(2) (3) or (o-biphenyl)PCy(2) (4) are efficient catalysts for the catalytic amination of a wide variety of aryl halides and triflates. Use of ligand 3 allows for the room-temperature catalytic amination of many aryl chloride, bromide, and triflate substrates, while ligand 4 is effective for the amination of functionalized substrates or reactions of acyclic secondary amines. The catalysts perform well for a large number of different substrate combinations at 80-110 degrees C, including chloropyridines and functionalized aryl halides and triflates using 0.5-1.0 mol % Pd; some reactions proceed efficiently at low catalyst levels (0.05 mol % Pd). These ligands are effective for almost all substrate combinations that have been previously reported with various other ligands, and they represent the most generally effective catalyst system reported to date. Ligands 3 and 4 are air-stable, crystalline solids that are commercially available. Their effectiveness is believed to be due to a combination of steric and electronic properties that promote oxidative addition, Pd-N bond formation, and reductive elimination.
Determination of the optimal human cell lines for development of human hybridomas. (1983)

Six human cell lines were compared with each other and with murine myeloma NS-1 as to their sensitivity to HAT medium and their ability to form hybrids with human lymphocytes, secret monoclonal immunoglobulin, clone, and maintain detectable levels of monoclonal immunoglobulin secretion for a period of time after fusion. Fusion efficiencies varied from 0 to 50%, and the incidence of immunoglobulin secretion ranged between 1 and 78% of the hybrids. Immunoglobulin secretion of cloned hybrids varied from 0.8 to 1.6 micrograms/ml/10(6) cells among the human-human hybrids and was 2.4 micrograms/ml/10(6) cells by the human-mouse hybrid. Among the lines tested, UC729-6 and HF2 appeared optimal for pursuing further studies with human-human hybridomas. In addition, although only a small percentage of hybrids were produced with HMy2, a very high percentage secreted immunoglobulin, so that this line also warrants further investigation to improve the efficiency of hybrid formation. Implications for specific monoclonal antibody production and for therapy of leukemias and lymphomas by anti-idiotype antibodies are discussed.