gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation and Catalytic Functionality of Synthetic Polymer-Noble Metal Colloid (1979)

Abstract Colloidal dispersions of noble metals in synthetic polymers are prepared by reduction with alcohol. Reflux of a solution of rhodium(III) chloride and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in a methanol-water mixed solvent under argon or air for 4 hr gives a homogeneous solution of colloidal dispersion of rhodium (Rh-PVA-MeOH/H2O). The particle size of metallic rhodium is distributed n a narrow range of 30-70 Å, and the average diameter is 40 A. The formation of colloidal rhodium proceeds through three steps: coordination of poly(vinyl alcohol) to rhodium(III) ion, reduction with methanol to form small particles (8 Å in diameter), and growth of the small particle to large particle (40 Å in diameter). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and poly(methyl vinyl ether) (PMVE) can be used in place of poly(vinyl alcohol) and result in colloidal dispersions, respectively, similar to Rh-PVA-MeOH/H2O. Colloidal dispersions in nonaqueous solvent can be prepared by using ethanol instead of methanol-water (Rh-PVP-EtOH) and by using methanol instead of methanol-water, with addition of small amount of methanol solution of sodium hydroxide (Rh-PVP-MeOH/NaOH). The average diameters of rhodium particles in Rh-PVP-EtOH and Rh-PVP-MeOH/NaOH are 22 and 9 Å, respectively. The colloidal dispersions of palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum, and gold in aqueous or nonaqueous solvent are prepared by using polyvinylpyrrolidone. The colloidal dispersions are very stable even under air for 20 days. Those of rhodium, palladium, and platinum are effective catalysts for hydrogenation of olefins at 30°C under an atmospheric hydrogen pressure. The colloidal dispersion of palladium catalyzes highly selective hydrogenation of diene and dienoate to monoene and monoenoate, respectively.
Effectiveness of different cryotherapies on pain and disease activity in active rheumatoid arthritis. A randomised single blinded controlled trial. (2006)

Pain seemed to decrease more in patients in the whole-body cryotherapy at -110 degrees C than during other cryotherapies, but there were no significant differences in the disease activity between the groups. However, cryotherapy at -110 degrees C is expensive and available only in special centres and may have minor adverse effects. Based on our results, whole-body cryotherapy at -110 degrees C is not superior to local cryotherapy commonly used in RA patients for pain relief and as an adjunct to physiotherapy.
Coupled Hierarchical IR and Stochastic Models for Surface Information Extraction. (1998)

We present in this paper a combination of Machine Learning based Information Retrieval (IR) techniques and stochastic language modelling in a hierarchical system that extracts surface information from text. At the lowest level of this hierarchy, documents and paragraphs are successively routed with IR techniques. At the top level, a stochastic language model extracts the most relevant phrases, and labels the type of information they contain. The approach and preliminary results are demonstrated on a subset of the MUC-6 Scenario Templates task.
Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Disruption: Causes, Metabolic Consequences, and Countermeasures (2016)

Circadian (∼24-hour) timing systems pervade all kingdoms of life and temporally optimize behavior and physiology in humans. Relatively recent changes to our environments, such as the introduction of artificial lighting, can disorganize the circadian system, from the level of the molecular clocks that regulate the timing of cellular activities to the level of synchronization between our daily cycles of behavior and the solar day. Sleep/wake cycles are intertwined with the circadian system, and global trends indicate that these, too, are increasingly subject to disruption. A large proportion of the world's population is at increased risk of environmentally driven circadian rhythm and sleep disruption, and a minority of individuals are also genetically predisposed to circadian misalignment and sleep disorders. The consequences of disruption to the circadian system and sleep are profound and include myriad metabolic ramifications, some of which may be compounded by adverse effects on dietary choices. If not addressed, the deleterious effects of such disruption will continue to cause widespread health problems; therefore, implementation of the numerous behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions that can help restore circadian system alignment and enhance sleep will be important.
Modulation of osteoclast-activating factor activity of multiple myeloma bone marrow cells by different interleukin-1 inhibitors. (1996)

We have studied the effects of several interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitors-IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), soluble IL-1 receptor (sIL-1R) types I and II, and neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for IL-1 receptor type I-on the osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) activity of recombinant IL-1 beta and of culture supernatants of unfractionated bone marrow mononuclear cells from multiple myeloma (MM) patients. The latter activity sharply correlated with the IL-1 content of culture supernatants (r = 0.949; p < 0.001). IL-1ra and sIL-1R types I and II had a clear-cut modulating effect on the OAF activity of IL-beta at saturating doses (2-10 ng/mL); their effect was evident at 2 ng/mL and was dose-dependent over a large range of concentrations. Similarly, the three reagents neutralized the OAF activities of all MM cell supernatants in a dose-dependent fashion and completely abolished them when tested at the fixed concentration of 5 nM. The bone-resorbing activity of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or lymphotoxin (LT), tested alone or added to MM cell supernatants, was affected not at all by IL-1ra and only minimally by sIL-1R types I and II, suggesting that little or no endogenous IL-1 was produced by the rat cells in the assay under TNF-alpha or LT stimulation. Consistent with these findings, PGE, production elicited by IL-1 beta or IL-1-rich supernatants in the rat long-bone assay was abolished by each reagent. Also, mAbs to the IL-1R p80 (type I) chains could modulate the effects of IL-1-recombinant or plasma cell-derived-in the OAF assay, but their activity was markedly less pronounced when compared with the IL-1 inhibitors, since they could never completely abolish bone resorption. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that inhibition of IL-1 interaction with cognate surface receptors on bone cells effectively counteracts its biologic activity. The findings also strongly indicate that OAF activity in conditioned medium of unfractionated myeloma bone marrow cells is predominantly, if not solely, related to IL-1 beta.
Serine/threonine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 modulates insulin receptor signaling. (1994)

Treatment of cells with okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, leads to an insulin-resistant state without modification in the tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor toward exogenous substrates. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, okadaic acid induced a similar dose-dependent inhibition of the insulin effect on deoxyglucose uptake, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activation, and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Simultaneously, in okadaic acid-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the reduced IRS 1 tyrosine phosphorylation was linked to a decrease in its electrophoretic mobility due to phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues. This phosphorylation appeared to result from the activation of cytosolic kinase(s). Furthermore, using in vitro reconstitution, we show that, compared to IRS 1 immunopurified from untreated cells, the IRS 1 obtained from okadaic acid-treated cells had a reduced capacity to be phosphorylated by insulin receptors and, concomitantly, to bind PI 3-kinase. Taken together these data suggest that serine/threonine phosphorylation of IRS 1 induced by okadaic acid reduces the ability of the insulin receptor to phosphorylate IRS 1 and to dock one of its interacting molecules, i.e. PI 3-kinase. Finally, the inhibitory effect of okadaic acid on the stimulatory action of insulin on glucose transport suggests that the serine/threonine phosphorylation of IRS 1 might represent a key regulatory mechanism of insulin action.
Design of Secondary Structures in Unnatural Peptides: Stable Helical γ-Tetra-, Hexa-, and Octapeptides and Consequences of α-Substitution (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDesign of Secondary Structures in Unnatural Peptides: Stable Helical γ-Tetra-, Hexa-, and Octapeptides and Consequences of α-SubstitutionStephen Hanessian, Xuehong Luo, Robert Schaum, and Stephen MichnickView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 Canada Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 33, 8569–8570Publication Date (Web):August 5, 1998Publication History Received28 April 1998Revised24 June 1998Published online5 August 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9814671https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9814671rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1378Altmetric-Citations258LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Molecular structure,Nucleic acid structure,Oligomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Nucleotide sequence of bovine prolactin messenger RNA. Evidence for sequence polymorphism. (1982)

Hybrid molecules containing DNA sequences complementary to bovine pituitary mRNA were constructed in the Pst I site of pBR322 by the dC . dG tailing technique. Recombinant plasmids containing bovine prolactin (bPRL) sequences were amplified in bacteria and identified by hybridization to purified [32P]bPRL cDNA sequences. Nucleotide sequence analysis was performed on the inserts from two of the positive clones. One clone, pBPRL72, contained a 982-base pair insert that included 67 nucleotides of the 5'-untranslated region, the complete coding region of the preprolactin protein (690 nucleotides), and the entire 3'-untranslated region (150 nucleotides) of bPRL mRNA. The nucleotide sequence analysis of clone pBPRL72 predicted the sequence of a 30-amino acid signal peptide and confirmed the published amino acid sequence of the protein with one exception. A comparison of the pBPRL72 cDNA sequence with a second bPRL clone, pBPRL4, revealed four silent nucleotide differences. Three of the base changes occurred in the third position of amino acid codons, and one occurred in the 3'-noncoding region. The sequence polymorphism suggests the existence of alleles or multiple loci for bPRL that do not alter the protein structure.
Killing Two Cells with One Stone: Pharmacologic BCL-2 Family Targeting for Cancer Cell Death and Immune Modulation (2016)

A crucial component of regulating organismal homeostasis is maintaining proper cell number and eliminating damaged or potentially malignant cells. Apoptosis, or programed cell death, is the mechanism responsible for this equilibrium. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is also especially important in the development and maintenance of the immune system. Apoptosis is essential for proper positive and negative selection during B- and T-cell development and for efficient contraction of expanded lymphocytes following an immune response. Tight regulation of the apoptotic pathway is critical, as excessive cell death can lead to immunodeficiency while apoptotic resistance can lead to aberrant lymphoproliferation and autoimmune disease. Dysregulation of cell death is implicated in a wide range of hematological malignancies, and targeting various components of the apoptotic machinery in these cases is an attractive chemotherapeutic strategy. A wide array of compounds has been developed with the purpose of reactivating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. These compounds, termed BH3 mimetics are garnering considerable attention as they gain greater clinical oncologic significance. As their use expands, it will be imperative to understand the effects these compounds have on immune homeostasis. Uncovering their potential immunomodulatory activity may allow for administration of BH3 mimetics for direct tumor cell killing as well as novel therapies for a wide range of immune-based directives. This review will summarize the major proteins involved in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and define their roles in normal immune development and disease. Clinical and preclinical BH3 mimetics are described within the context of what is currently known about their ability to affect immune function. Prospects for future antitumor immune amplification and immune modulation are then proposed.
High-affinity binding of laminin byHelicobacter pylori: Evidence for a lectin-like interaction (1993)

Laminin, the major glycoprotein of basement membranes, was shown to be bound by the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Binding of 125I-laminin by strain 17874 was time-dependent, specific and saturable. Scatchard analysis of specific binding indicated about 2000 binding sites per cell with a dissociation constant of 8.5 pM. Treatment of the cells by heat (80 degrees) and with proteolytic enzymes drastically reduced laminin binding, suggesting that the laminin receptors are surface proteins. Some highly glycosylated glycoproteins inhibited laminin binding by 50%. Furthermore, N-acetylneuraminyllactose decreased laminin binding by 70% and neuraminidase treatment of laminin by 50%, while a recombinant B1 chain of laminin, containing high-mannose type oligosaccharides, inhibited binding by only 25%. This suggests that terminal sialic acids on laminin compete for a specific sugar binding protein(s) on H. pylori cells.
Recombinant human interleukin-9 induces protein tyrosine phosphorylation and synergizes with steel factor to stimulate proliferation of the human factor-dependent cell line, M07e (1992)

Human interleukin-9 (IL-9) was originally identified and cloned based on its stimulatory effect on proliferation of human myeloid cell line, M07e. IL-9 synergized with Steel factor, the ligand for the c-kit product, to stimulate M07e cell proliferation. To investigate potential mechanisms for this, IL-9 was assessed for effects on protein tyrosine kinase activities in M07e cells by immunoblotting with anti- phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody; results were compared with those of Steel factor alone and in combination with IL-9, and those of 12–0- tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Recombinant human IL-9 (10 ng/mL) rapidly and transiently induced or enhanced at least four tyrosine phosphorylated protein bands with molecular weights of 105, 97, 85, and 81 Kd. This tyrosine phosphorylation pattern was different from that generated by recombinant murine Steel factor or TPA stimulation and the combination of IL-9 and Steel factor did not change the IL-9-induced pattern. IL-9-induced tyrosine phosphorylated bands were completely blocked by treatment of IL-9 with anti-IL-9 antibody under conditions that also neutralized the synergistic effect of IL-9 with Steel factor on M07e cell proliferation. Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocked phosphorylation of IL-9 and Steel factor- induced bands. Unlike Steel factor or TPA, IL-9 did not appear to stimulate phosphorylation of 42-Kd mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase or Raf-1, or enhance MAP kinase activity. MAP kinase and Raf-1 are serine/threonine kinases that are phosphorylated and activated by many growth factors and by agonists for protein kinase C. While the combination of IL-9 plus SLF did not appear to induce phosphorylation of new bands not already seen with either IL-9 or SLF alone, or enhance the phosphorylation of those bands seen with either cytokine alone, the results suggest that IL-9 activates specific and unique signal transduction pathways.
PERFORMANCES AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF ERBIUM DOPED PLANAR WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIERS AND LASERS (1997)

I will review the performances of erbium-doped planar amplifiers and lasers made by various integrated optics technologies, and then present the potential applications of ion-exchanged glass waveguide amplifiers and lasers.
A versatile and efficient synthesis of carbinolamine-containing pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepines via the cyclization of N-(2-aminobenzoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxaldehyde diethyl thioacetals: total synthesis of prothracarcin (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA versatile and efficient synthesis of carbinolamine-containing pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepines via the cyclization of N-(2-aminobenzoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxaldehyde diethyl thioacetals: total synthesis of prothracarcinDavid R. Langley and David E. ThurstonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 1, 91–97Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00377a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views698Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (984 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
CFD Analyses of a Notebook Computer Thermal Management System and a Proposed Passive Cooling Alternative (2010)

A notebook computer thermal management system is analyzed using a commercial computational fluid dynamics software package (ANSYS Fluent). The active and passive paths that are used for heat dissipation are examined for different steady state operating conditions. For each case, average and hot-spot temperatures of the components are compared with the maximum allowable operating temperatures. It is observed that when low heat dissipation components are put on the same passive path, the increased heat load of the path may cause unexpected hot spot temperatures. A hard disk drive is especially susceptible to overheating and the keyboard surface may reach ergonomically undesirable temperatures. Based on the analysis results and observations, a new component arrangement considering passive paths and using the back side of the liquid crystal display screen is proposed and a simple correlation based thermal analysis of the proposed system is presented. It is demonstrated for the considered 16.1 in notebook and for a standard A4 paper sized notebook that placing the computer processing unit, the motherboard, and the memory on the lid creates enough surface area for passive cooling.
Wide Area Audio Synchronisation (1995)

Introduction In this short paper we describe a Wide Area Audio Synchronisation demonstration using the Quality of Service (QoS) facilities of the Nemesis operating system. The Nemesis operating system is a result of the ESPRIT funded Pegasus I research project. A stereo audio stream is split with each channel being input to one of two distinct network digitisation devices; one of the resulting streams is sent via a wide area network to a foreign country, and the two streams are then resynchronised entirely in software. Playout on a digital speaker device was analysed and found to be correct to within 150 s, which is the resolution of the timer hardware on the workstation used. The accuracy of this resynchronisation demonstrates the effectiveness of the Nemesis QoS techniques. 2 Nemesis General purpose multimedia computing platforms should endow text, images, audio and video with equal status: interpreting an audio or video stream should not b
Increased urinary excretion of angiotensinogen is associated with risk of chronic kidney disease (2012)

These data indicate the intrarenal RAS may play an important role in the etiology of CKD, and urinary angiotensinogen may be a useful clinical biomarker for the identification of patients at a high risk for CKD.
Controlling contact transition (1994)

Successful control of contact transitions is an important capability of dextrous robotic manipulators. We examine several methods for controlling the transition from free motion to constrained motion, with an emphasis on minimizing end-effector load oscillations during the transition. A new approach, based on input command shaping, is discussed and compared with several methods developed in prior research. The various techniques were evaluated on a one-axis impact testbed, and we present results from those experiments. The input shaping method was found to be comparable, and in some cases superior, to existing techniques of contact transition control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>