gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain interleukin 1 and S-100 immunoreactivity are elevated in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease. (1989)

Interleukin 1, an immune response-generated cytokine that stimulates astrocyte proliferation and reactivity (astrogliosis), was present in up to 30 times as many glial cells in tissue sections of brain from patients with Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease compared with age-matched control subjects. Most interleukin 1-immunoreactive glia in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease were classified as microglia. The number of interleukin 1 immunoreactive neurons did not appear to differ in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease compared with control brain. Numerous temporal lobe astrocytes in Alzheimer disease and postnatal Down syndrome were intensely interleukin 1-, S-100-, and glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive and had reactive structure. Interleukin 1 levels in Alzheimer disease temporal lobe homogenates were elevated, as were the levels of S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, two proteins reportedly elevated in reactive astrocytes. These data suggest that increased expression of S-100 in Down syndrome, resulting from duplication of the gene on chromosome 21 that encodes the beta subunit of S-100, may be augmented by elevation of interleukin 1. As a corollary, the astrogliosis in Alzheimer disease may be promoted by elevation of interleukin 1.
The β-lactamase stability of amoxycillin with the β-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid (1983)

The stability of low concentrations of amoxycillin in the presence of clavulanic acid (potassium salt) was determined for a wide range of clinically important beta-lactamases including the staphylococcal and TEM plasmid mediated enzymes. Even with enzyme preparations which completely hydrolysed the amoxycillin within a minute, clavulanic acid provided significant protection. The time course of the protection of amoxycillin reflected the time dependent action of clavulanic acid.
Inhibition of T cell recruitment and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity-induced inflammation with antibodies to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. (1996)

Leukocytes express chemokine receptors that, upon ligand recognition, are believed to activate and induce the directed migration of these cells from the vasculature to sites of tissue injury. Previous investigations of human and animal inflammatory tissue have revealed that expression of chemokines can be increased in association with leukocyte infiltration. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) mediates monocyte chemotaxis in vitro and migration of monocytes to inflammatory sites in vivo. More recently T cell chemotaxis to MCP-1 has been observed in vitro, but the contribution of this protein to T cell migration in vivo and to lymphocyte-mediated inflammation has not been determined. In this report, we show that using a rat model of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity, MCP-1 expression correlates spatially and kinetically with T cell and monocyte recruitment and that antibodies directed to MCP-1 when administered therapeutically to animals undergoing delayed hypersensitivity can almost completely abolish T cell migration and inflammatory sequelae. Moreover the concentration of antibody needed to inhibit T cell trafficking to inflammatory sites is almost on order of magnitude lower than that needed to impede monocyte recruitment. Therefore, MCP-1 is functionally relevant in the genesis of delayed hypersensitivity and may be a useful therapeutic target for diseases mediated in part by T lymphocytes.
Can business ethics really exist? (1997)

article Can business ethics really exist? Share on Author: David Preston East London Business School, University of East London, U.K. East London Business School, University of East London, U.K.View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCAS Computers and SocietyVolume 27Issue 1March 1997 pp 6–9https://doi.org/10.1145/382069.382070Online:01 March 1997Publication History 4citation580DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads580Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Accurate determination of the sedimentation flux of concentrated suspensions (1995)

Flow rate jumps are used to generate propagating concentration variations in a counterflow stabilized suspension (a liquid fluidized bed). An acoustic technique is used to measure accurately the resulting concentration profiles through the bed. Depending on the experimental conditions, we have observed self-sharpening, or/and self-spreading concentration fronts. Our data are analyzed in the framework of Kynch’s theory, providing an accurate determination of the sedimentation flux [CU(C); U(C) is the hindered sedimentation velocity of the suspension] and its derivatives in the concentration range 30%–60%. In the vicinity of the packing concentration, controlling the flow rate has allowed us to increase the maximum packing up to 60%.
Study of cotton fiber coated by collagen (2007)

Collagen has great potential applications because of its unique construction of three-ply helix,predominant bio-compatibility and bio-degradability.For further development of the application domain of cellulose and exploiting new green cellulosic fibers,a new cotton fiber coated with collagen was prepared by the limited selective oxidation of the fiber with sodium periodate and subsequent treatment with the solution of collagen in this paper.The results showed that the breaking strength of the cotton fiber after the limited oxidation by sodium periodate did not decrease remarkably,and the collagen molecules through the CN double bond of the Schiff base combined on the surface of the cotton fiber.
The Fibroblast Growth Factor signaling pathway (2015)

The signaling component of the mammalian Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family is comprised of eighteen secreted proteins that interact with four signaling tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs). Interaction of FGF ligands with their signaling receptors is regulated by protein or proteoglycan cofactors and by extracellular binding proteins. Activated FGFRs phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues that mediate interaction with cytosolic adaptor proteins and the RAS-MAPK, PI3K-AKT, PLCγ, and STAT intracellular signaling pathways. Four structurally related intracellular non-signaling FGFs interact with and regulate the family of voltage gated sodium channels. Members of the FGF family function in the earliest stages of embryonic development and during organogenesis to maintain progenitor cells and mediate their growth, differentiation, survival, and patterning. FGFs also have roles in adult tissues where they mediate metabolic functions, tissue repair, and regeneration, often by reactivating developmental signaling pathways. Consistent with the presence of FGFs in almost all tissues and organs, aberrant activity of the pathway is associated with developmental defects that disrupt organogenesis, impair the response to injury, and result in metabolic disorders, and cancer. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Biochemical differences in children with conduct disorder socialized and undersocialized (1982)

The authors compared plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO), whole blood serotonin, and RBC catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) in 25 children with conduct disorder and 20 control children. They found that children diagnosed as having conduct disorder undersocialized had significantly lower DBH activity than children diagnosed as having conduct disorder socialized and the control group. The children with conduct disorder socialized had significantly higher COMT activity than the other two groups. When children with a diagnosis of conduct disorder plus a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder were compared with the control group, no significant biochemical differences were found because of the mixing of the two diagnoses.
Synthesis and reaction of 2‐imino‐1,3‐thiazetidines and 2‐imino‐1,3‐dithietanes (1991)

Abstract 2‐Imino‐1,3‐thiazetidines and 2‐imino‐1,3‐dithietanes were synthesized and their reactivities were studied. The former readily underwent ring‐opening reaction with amines to yield guanidine derivatives. The reaction products were applied to the synthesis of heterocycles such as triazoles and triazines. The latter was converted to isothiocyanate by the reaction of m ‐chloroperbenzoic acid.
A Technique for Serial Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from the Cisterna Magna in Mouse (2008)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is pathologically characterized by extracellular deposition of beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) and intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Because cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in direct contact with the extracellular space of the brain, it provides a reflection of the biochemical changes in the brain in response to pathological processes. CSF from AD patients shows a decrease in the 42 amino-acid form of Abeta (Abeta42), and increases in total tau and hyperphosphorylated tau, though the mechanisms responsible for these changes are still not fully understood. Transgenic (Tg) mouse models of AD provide an excellent opportunity to investigate how and why Abeta or tau levels in CSF change as the disease progresses. Here, we demonstrate a refined cisterna magna puncture technique for CSF sampling from the mouse. This extremely gentle sampling technique allows serial CSF samples to be obtained from the same mouse at 2-3 month intervals which greatly minimizes the confounding effect of between-mouse variability in Abeta or tau levels, making it possible to detect subtle alterations over time. In combination with Abeta and tau ELISA, this technique will be useful for studies designed to investigate the relationship between the levels of CSF Abeta42 and tau, and their metabolism in the brain in AD mouse models. Studies in Tg mice could provide important validation as to the potential of CSF Abeta or tau levels to be used as biological markers for monitoring disease progression, and to monitor the effect of therapeutic interventions. As the mice can be sacrificed and the brains can be examined for biochemical or histological changes, the mechanisms underlying the CSF changes can be better assessed. These data are likely to be informative for interpretation of human AD CSF changes.
Fused heterocycles. Part 4. Synthesis and stereochemistry of hexahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazoles (1991)

Hexahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by treating 2-benzylidene-1-benzosuberone with hydrazine derivatives. The cis and trans isomers have been distinguished and conformational equilibria studied by NMR techniques.
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay of gentamicin or netilmicin in blood spotted on filter paper. (1989)

In this improved simple method for determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics in dried-blood spots on filter paper, gentamicin or netilmicin is recovered from the blood spot most effectively by incubation for 60 min in an ultrafiltration tube containing 500 microL of 0.5 mol/L Na2HPO4 buffer. The eluates from the paper are centrifuged, then transferred to an Abbott TDx cartridge for measurement of gentamicin or netilmicin by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. The dried sample on paper is stable for about eight days at ambient temperature. Intra-assay CVs for gentamicin and netilmicin are less than 8.5% and less than 6.1%, respectively. Analytical recovery of gentamicin and netilmicin from the paper exceeded 90%. This method permits simple blood collection and monitoring of the therapeutic concentration of gentamicin or netilmicin in serum, particularly that of newborn infants and small children.
Discovery and Validation of a New Class of Small Molecule Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Inhibitors (2013)

Many inflammatory diseases may be linked to pathologically elevated signaling via the receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). There has thus been great interest in the discovery of TLR4 inhibitors as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Recently, the structure of TLR4 bound to the inhibitor E5564 was solved, raising the possibility that novel TLR4 inhibitors that target the E5564-binding domain could be designed. We utilized a similarity search algorithm in conjunction with a limited screening approach of small molecule libraries to identify compounds that bind to the E5564 site and inhibit TLR4. Our lead compound, C34, is a 2-acetamidopyranoside (MW 389) with the formula C17H27NO9, which inhibited TLR4 in enterocytes and macrophages in vitro, and reduced systemic inflammation in mouse models of endotoxemia and necrotizing enterocolitis. Molecular docking of C34 to the hydrophobic internal pocket of the TLR4 co-receptor MD-2 demonstrated a tight fit, embedding the pyran ring deep inside the pocket. Strikingly, C34 inhibited LPS signaling ex-vivo in human ileum that was resected from infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. These findings identify C34 and the β-anomeric cyclohexyl analog C35 as novel leads for small molecule TLR4 inhibitors that have potential therapeutic benefit for TLR4-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Electrical stimulation enhances sensory recovery: A randomized controlled trial (2015)

Postsurgical ES enhanced sensory reinnervation in patients who sustained complete digital nerve transection. The conferred benefits apply to a wide range of sensory functions.
Topological challenges to DNA replication: Conformations at the fork (2001)

The unwinding of the parental DNA duplex during replication causes a positive linking number difference, or superhelical strain, to build up around the elongating replication fork. The branching at the fork and this strain bring about different conformations from that of (-) supercoiled DNA that is not being replicated. The replicating DNA can form (+) precatenanes, in which the daughter DNAs are intertwined, and (+) supercoils. Topoisomerases have the essential role of relieving the superhelical strain by removing these structures. Stalled replication forks of molecules with a (+) superhelical strain have the additional option of regressing, forming a four-way junction at the replication fork. This four-way junction can be acted on by recombination enzymes to restart replication. Replication and chromosome folding are made easier by topological domain barriers, which sequester the substrates for topoisomerases into defined and concentrated regions. Domain barriers also allow replicated DNA to be (-) supercoiled. We discuss the importance of replicating DNA conformations and the roles of topoisomerases, focusing on recent work from our laboratory.
Conflict at Disneyland: A root‐metaphor analysis (1987)

This field study uses metaphor analysis to illuminate recent conflicts at Disneyland. A 30‐year change of emphasis of root‐metaphors from “drama”; to “family”; reflects fundamental differences in world‐view between management and employees. Recently, economic problems brought some of these differences to the surface, triggering a complex confrontation involving first‐ and second‐order issues. The implications of this confrontation for the future of Disneyland are discussed. Metaphor analysis is offered as one potentially useful method for studying the symbolic, dynamic aspects of organizational conflict.
Heterogeneity among human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and neural progenitor cells. (2003)

Our data demonstrate nestin expression in most NPC as well as in immature MSC subpopulations. MSC and NPC subpopulations can now be distinguished using our novel antibodies W8B2, 57D2, and W4A5.
Theory and applications of marker-based augmented reality (2012)

Augmented Reality (AR) employs computer vision, image processing and computer graphics techniques to merge digital content into the real world. It enables real-time interaction between the user, real objects and virtual objects. AR can, for example, be used to embed 3D graphics into a video in such a way as if the virtual elements were part of the real environment. In this work, we give a thorough overview of the theory and applications of AR. \n\n One of the challenges of AR is to align virtual data with the environment. A marker-based approach solves the problem using visual markers, e.g. 2D barcodes, detectable with computer vision methods. We discuss how different marker types and marker identification and detection methods affect the performance of the AR application and how to select the most suitable approach for a given application. \n\nAlternative approaches to the alignment problem do not require furnishing the environment with markers: detecting natural features occurring in the environment and using additional sensors. We discuss these as well as hybrid tracking methods that combine the benefits of several approaches. \n\nBesides the correct alignment, perceptual issues greatly affect user experience of AR. We explain how appropriate visualization techniques enhance human perception in different situations and consider issues that create a seamless illusion of virtual and real objects coexisting and interacting. Furthermore, we show how diminished reality, where real objects are removed virtually, can improve the visual appearance of AR and the interaction with real-world objects. \n\nFinally, we discuss practical issues of AR application development, identify potential application areas for augmented reality and speculate about the future of AR. In our experience, augmented reality is a profound visualization method for on-site 3D visualizations when the user's perception needs to be enhanced.
Cell surface antigens of human melanoma identified by monoclonal antibody. (1979)

Mouse NS-1 myeloma cells were fused with spleen cells from mice that had been immunized with cells from a human melanoma, M1804. Hybrid cells were grown in selective medium and tested for production of antibody to surface antigens of M1804 cells. Three hybrids that produced antibodies that bound to the melanoma cells but not to autologous skin fibroblasts were cloned. Antibodies produced by two of the clones were cytotoxic to M1804 cells in the presence of rabbit complement. Extensive specificity tests showed that the antibodies produced by the clones bound strongly only to M1804 cells; significant, although weaker, binding occurred with 2 of 11 allogeneic melanomas. Apart from weak binding of the antibody produced by one of the clones to a breast carcinoma, binding assays of five carcinomas, one sarcoma, and fibroblasts from 17 individuals were negative, as were cytotoxic tests of 10 lymphoblastoid cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes from 68 normal donors and 12 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. This suggests that we have identified one or more determinants of a melanoma-associated antigen(s), whose expression is limited to a small proportion of melanomas.
Snakes of Medical Importance in India: Is the Concept of the “Big 4” Still Relevant and Useful?☆ (2007)

Snakebites continue to be a major medical concern in India. However, there is very little hard evidence of a numerical nature to enable us to understand which species are responsible for mortality and morbidity. For many decades, the concept of the "Big 4" Snakes of Medical Importance has reflected the view that 4 species are responsible for Indian snakebite mortality--the Indian cobra (Naja naja), the common krait (Bungarus caeruleus), the Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) and the saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus). However, a recent discovery that another species, the hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale), is capable of causing lethal envenomation, and that this problem was being concealed by systematic misidentification of this species as the saw-scaled viper, has necessitated a review of the concept of the "Big 4." The concept of the "Big 4" snakes is reviewed to demonstrate its failure to include all currently known snakes of medical significance in India, and its negative effects related to clinical management of snakebite. The emergence of the hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale) as a snake of medical significance has rendered the "Big 4" obsolete in terms of completeness. The concept of the "Big 4" is restricting sound epidemiological work and the development of effective snake antivenoms. It should be replaced by the model introduced in the 1980s by the World Health Organization, which has not received adequate circulation and implementation.
Identification of two types of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms by cDNA cloning and immunoblot analysis (1989)

We previously reported the characterization of a rabbit uterus cDNA clone (SMHC29) which encoded part of the light meromyosin of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (Nagai, R., Larson, D.M., and Periasamy, M. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 85, 1047-1051). We have now characterized a second cDNA clone (SMHC40) which also encodes part of the light meromyosin but differs from SMHC29 in the following respects. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrates that the two myosin heavy chain mRNAs are identical over 1424 nucleotides but differ in part of the 3'-carboxyl coding region and a portion of the 3'-nontranslated sequence. Specifically, SMHC40 cDNA encodes a unique stretch of 43 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus, whereas SMHC29 cDNA contains a shorter carboxyl terminus of 9 unique amino acids which is the result of a 39-nucleotide insertion. Recent peptide mapping of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain identified two isotypes with differences in the light meromyosin fragment that were designated as SM1 (204 kDa) and SM2 (200 kDa) type myosin (Eddinger, T. J., and Murphy, R.A. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 3807-3811). In this study we present direct evidence that SMHC40 and SMHC29 mRNA encode the two smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms, SM1 and SM2, respectively, by immunoblot analysis using antibodies against specific carboxyl terminus sequences deduced from SMHC40 and SMHC29 cDNA clones.
Fluorinated heterocyclic compounds. 2. 2,4‐difluoro and 4‐amino‐2‐fluoropyrimidines, nucleoside base analogs (1985)

Abstract Nucleoside base analogs in which fluoro substituents replace the enolic hydroxy groups of uracil, thymine and cytosine have been prepared. Improved methods for the preparation and isolation of the known 2,4‐di‐fluoropyrimidine, 2,4‐difluoro‐6‐methylpyrimidine and the new 2,4‐difluoro‐5‐methylpyrimidine, 2‐fluoro‐4‐aminopyrimidine, 4‐fluoro‐2‐aminopyrimidine, and other alkylaminofluoropyrimidines are described.