gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of an inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain-like protein in the pig endometrium during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy (1998)

In pigs, changes in an unidentified endometrial glycoprotein, pGP30, are temporally associated with rapid trophoblast elongation and initial placental attachment on day 12 of gestation. Identification of endometrial pGP30 was undertaken through protein purification, NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing and cDNA sequencing of products generated through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Sequencing of 35 amino acids from the NH2-terminal end of pGP30 revealed that the 30 kDa glycoprotein is a cleavage product from the C-terminal region of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (I alpha IH4), previously known as inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain-like protein. I alpha IH4 is unique compared with the three other inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chains as it does not contain a binding site for bikunin that has serine protease inhibitory activity and is sensitive to cleavage by kallikrein. Endometrial gene expression of I alpha IH4 was detected during the oestrous cycle (days 0-18) and early pregnancy (days 10-18). Gene expression of I alpha IH4 appeared to be enhanced during the midluteal phase (days 12 and 15) of the oestrous cycle and the period of trophoblast attachment (days 12-18). Expression of I alpha IH4 was not detected in day 12 conceptus tissue mRNA. Endometrial expression of I alpha IH4 in pigs may function as an acute phase protein for protection of the uterus from the inflammatory response induced by conceptus attachment to the uterine epithelium.
Monotonic Networks (1997)

Monotonicity is a constraint which arises in many application domains. We present a machine learning model, the monotonic network, for which monotonicity can be enforced exactly, i.e., by virtue of functional form. A straightforward method for implementing and training a monotonic network is described. Monotonic networks are proven to be universal approximators of continuous, differentiable monotonic functions. We apply monotonic networks to a real-world task in corporate bond rating prediction and compare them to other approaches.
Expression Cloning of lfc, a Novel Oncogene with Structural Similarities to Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors and to the Regulatory Region of Protein Kinase C (1995)

In order to identify cDNAs that can induce oncogenic transformation, a retroviral vector was used to transfer a library of cDNAs from the murine 32D hemopoietic cell line into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. We have identified and recovered a provirus containing a 1.8-kilobase pair cDNA whose expression causes morphological transformation in NIH 3T3 cells. The transforming cDNA contains a complete open reading frame that encodes a protein (designated Lfc) with a region of sequence similarity to the product of the lbc oncogene. This region includes a domain that is characteristic of the CDC24 family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors in tandem with a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. The Lfc protein is distinguished from Lbc by a 150-amino acid NH2-terminal extension that contains a cysteine- and histidine-rich domain similar to the diacylglycerol-binding site (zinc butterfly) found in protein kinase C. NH2- and COOH-terminal deletion analysis revealed that both the PH and putative guanine nucleotide exchange factor domains are required, but the zinc butterfly is dispensable, for transformation. Although the removal of the PH domain of the Lfc protein completely eliminated its ability to transform NIH 3T3 cells, replacement of this domain with an isoprenylation site restored all of its transforming activity. This suggests that a PH domain-dependent recruitment of the Lfc protein to the cellular membrane is a necessary step for cellular transformation. The lfc gene is expressed in a broad range of tissues as well as in a variety of hemopoietic and non-hemopoietic cell lines. Lfc appears to be a new member of a growing family of proteins that are likely to act as activators of Ras-like proteins in a developmental or cell-lineage specific manner.
Fabrication of stable metallic nanowires with quantized conductance (1999)

A metallic nanowire with quantized conductance was fabricated by electrochemically etching a narrow portion of a metallic wire supported on a solid substrate down to the atomic scale. The width of the nanowire was controlled flexibly by etching atoms away or depositing atoms back onto the wire with the electrochemical potential. Using a feedback loop this method can, at will, fabricate a single or an array of long-term stable nanowires with a pre-selected quantized conductance. These stable nanowires may be used in devices as digitized conductors and as sensors that detect chemicals in the air or in solutions. Using the conductance quantization as a feedback, this method may be used to fabricate nanoelectrodes by etching off the last few atoms in the thinnest portion of each nanowire. These nanoelectrodes may be connected to single molecules in molecular devices.
Die „unverlierbare Zeit“. Sergio Chejfecs Lenta biografía und die zweite Generation der Shoah (2011)

Starting with psychoanalytic theory and focusing on the terms “second generation” and “transgenerational transmission of trauma,” the paper tries to depict Sergio Chejfec’s novel Lenta biografía as exemplary narration of the second Shoah generation. An examination of psychoanalytic concepts and their specific aspects is followed by a close reading of Chejfec’s novel in order to scrutinize characteristics of the trans-generational transmission of trauma. Silence as a key aspect of the transmission of trauma will be brought to the fore by investigating both the relationship between catastrophe and the unspeakable and issues involved with verbalizing traumatic memories. The article ends with a formal and content analysis of Lenta biografía in order to highlight the relationship between silence and the father’s trauma as well as the son’s traumatization.
Elevated serum B lymphocyte stimulator levels in patients with systemic immune-based rheumatic diseases (2001)

BLyS may be an important factor in driving polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and elevated autoantibody titers in patients with systemic immune-based rheumatic diseases. Local production of BLyS in the joints may contribute to joint pathology. Patients with elevated serum BLyS levels may be ideal candidates for therapeutic targeting of BLyS.
Effect of light intensity and irradiation time on the polymerization process of a dental composite resin (2004)

Polymerization shrinkage is a critical factor affecting the longevity and acceptability of dental composite resins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of light intensity and irradiation time on the polymerization process of a photo cured dental composite resin by measuring the Vickers hardness number (VHN) and the volumetric polymerization shrinkage. Samples were prepared using a dental manual light-curing unit. The samples were submitted to irradiation times of 5, 10, 20 and 40 s, using 200 and 400 mW.cm-2 light intensities. Vickers hardness number was obtained at four different moments after photoactivation (immediate, 1 h, 24 h and 168 h). After this, volumetric polymerization shrinkage values were obtained through a specific density method. The values were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's (p = 0.05). Results showed increase in hardness values from the immediate reading to 1 h and 24 h readings. After 24 h no changes were observed regardless the light intensities or activation times. The hardness values were always smaller for the 200 mW.cm-2 light intensity, except for the 40 s irradiation time. No significant differences were detected in volumetric polymerization shrinkage considering the light intensity (p = 0.539) and the activation time (p = 0.637) factors. In conclusion the polymerization of the material does not terminate immediately after photoactivation and the increase of irradiation time can compensate a lower light intensity. Different combinations between light intensity and irradiation time, i.e., different amounts of energy given to the system, have not affected the polymerization shrinkage.
Evaluation of CO2‐based cold sterilization of a model hydrogel (2008)

The purpose of the present work is to evaluate a novel CO(2)-based cold sterilization process in terms of both its killing efficiency and its effects on the physical properties of a model hydrogel, poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) potassium salt. Suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were prepared for hydration and inoculation of the gel. The hydrogels were treated with supercritical CO(2) (40 degrees C, 27.6 MPa). The amount of bacteria was quantified before and after treatment. With pure CO(2), complete killing of S. aureus and E. coli was achieved for treatment times as low as 60 min. After treatment with CO(2) plus trace amounts of H(2)O(2) at the same experimental conditions, complete bacteria kill was also achieved. For times less than 30 min, incomplete kill was noted. Several physical properties of the gel were evaluated before and after SC-CO(2) treatment. These were largely unaffected by the CO(2) process. Drying curves showed no significant change between treated (pure CO(2) and CO(2) plus 30% H(2)O(2)) and untreated samples. The average equilibrium swelling ratios were also very similar. No changes in the dry hydrogel particle structure were evident from SEM micrographs.
Holographic bandwidth compression using spatial subsampling (1996)

Subject terms: electro-holography, holographic computation, holographic bandwidth compression, diffraction- specific, fringelet, vector Abstract. A novel electro-holographic bandwidth compression technique, fringelet bandwidth compression, is described and implemented. This technique uses spatial subsampling to reduce the bandwidth and complex- ity of holographic fringe computation for real-time 3-D holographic displays. Fringelet bandwidth compres- sion is a type of diffraction-specific fringe computation, an approach that considers only the reconstruction process in holographic imaging. The fringe pattern is treated as a spectrum that is sampled in space (as holo- graphic elements or hogels) and in spatial frequency (as hogel vectors). Fringelet bandwidth compression achieves a compression ratio of 16:1 without conspicuously degrading image quality. Further increase in com- pression ratio and speed is possible with additional image degradation. Fringelet decoding is extremely simple, involving the replication of fringelet sample values. This simplicity enables an overall increase in fringe com- putation speed of over 3000 times compared to conventional interference-based methods. The speed of fringe- let bandwidth compression has enabled the generation of images at nearly interactive rates: under 4.0 s per hand-sized (one-liter) 3-D image generated from a 36-Mbyte fringe.
Cardiac Dysfunction in the Trastuzumab Clinical Trials Experience (2002)

Trastuzumab is associated with an increased risk of CD, which is greatest in patients receiving concurrent anthracyclines. In most patients with metastatic breast cancer, the risk of CD can be justified given the improvement in overall survival previously reported with trastuzumab.
Measurements of Electron-Transfer Rates of Charge-Storage Molecular Monolayers on Si(100). Toward Hybrid Molecular/Semiconductor Information Storage Devices (2002)

Redox kinetics were measured for two electroactive molecules attached to Si(100) surfaces, a ferrocene (Fc-BzOH) and a Zn(II) trimesitylporphyrin (Por-BzOH). Each molecule was derivatized with a benzyl alcohol linker for attachment to the Si surface via the formation of a Si-O bond. A complete protocol was developed for the preparation of stable Si(100) surfaces derivatized with the electroactive molecules. The redox-kinetic measurements were performed on the resulting Fc-BzOH and Por-BzOH monolayers to probe (1) the rate of electron transfer (k0) for oxidation in the presence of applied potentials and (2) the rate of charge dissipation after the applied potential is disconnected (in the form of a charge-retention half-life t1/2). The k0 values for the two types of monolayers were found to be similar to one another as were the t1/2 values. Perhaps more importantly, the electron-transfer rates for both the Fc-BzOH and the Por-BzOH monolayers differ from the charge-dissipation rates by approximately 6 orders of magnitude and are strongly dependent on the surface concentration of the electroactive species. For the Por-BzOH monolayers on Si(100), the k0 and t1/2 values and their trends as a function of surface coverage were determined to be similar to those previously measured for the analogous thiol-derivatized molecule assembled on Au(111). In contrast, the Fc-BzOH monolayers on Si(100) were found to exhibit much slower electron-transfer and charge-dissipation rates than those in the corresponding thiol-Au(111) case. Two alternative hypotheses are advanced to explain both the diminution in rates with increased surface coverage and the contrasting behavior with the analogous thiols on Au, one based on space-charge effects at the monolayer-solution interface, and a second relying on changes in distance of the redox centers from the surface as modulated by the orientation of the linking chains. Collectively, the ability to prepare and study stable, electroactive molecular media on Si(100) is likely to be key in the development of hybrid molecular/semiconductor devices.
The LS locus of pea encodes the gibberellin biosynthesis enzyme ent‐kaurene synthase A (1997)

Gibberellins (GAs) are hormones required for several aspects of plant development, including internode elongation and seed development in pea (Pisum sativum L.). The first committed step in the GA biosynthesis pathway is the conversion of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) to ent-kaurene via copalyl diphosphate (CDP). These two reactions are catalyzed by the cyclases ent-kaurene synthase A (KSA) and ent-kaurene synthase B (KSB), respectively. Previous genetic and biochemical analysis of the GA-responsive ls-1 mutant of pea suggested that GA levels are reduced in a developmental- and organ-specific manner due to reduced GA biosynthesis. Analysis of cellfree enzyme preparations from WT and ls-1 embryos at contact point reveals that ls-1 reduces the activity of KSA but not KSB. To characterize the ls-1 mutation in more detail, a cDNA coding for a pea KSA was cloned and shown to be encoded by the LS locus. The ls-1 mutation results from an intronic G to A substitution that causes impaired RNA splicing. To determine the activity of the KSAs encoded by the LS and ls-1 alleles, a new in vitro assay for combined KSA and KSB activity has been developed using the KSB gene of pumpkin. Using recombinant WT KSA and KSB fusion proteins, GGDP is converted to ent-kaurene in vitro. Based on the sequence of RT-PCR products, three different truncated KSA proteins are predicted to exist in ls-1 plants. The most abundant mutant KSA protein does not possess detectable activity in vitro. Nevertheless, the ls-1 allele is not null and is able to encode at least a partially functional KSA since a more severe is allele has been identified. The ls-1 mutation has played a key role in identifying a role for GAs in pea seed development in the first few days after fertilization, but not in older seeds. KSA expression in seeds is developmentally regulated and parallels overall GA biosynthesis, suggesting that KSA expression may play an important role in the regulation of GA biosynthesis and seed development.
WebSOS: protecting web servers from DDoS attacks (2004)

We present the WebSOS architecture, a mechanism for countering denial of service (DoS) attacks against web servers. WebSOS uses a combination of overlay networking, content-based routing, and aggressive packet filtering to guarantee access to a service that is targeted by a DoS attack. Our approach requires no modifications to servers or browsers, and makes use of the web proxy feature and TLS client authentication supported by modern browsers. We use a WebSOS prototype to conduct a preliminary performance evaluation both on the local area network and over the Internet using PlanetLab, a testbed for experimentation with network overlays. We determine the end-to-end latency imposed by the architecture to increase by a factor of 5 on average. We conclude that this overhead is reasonable in the context of a determined DoS attack.
Electrooptic sampling of a packaged high-speed GaAs integrated circuit (1988)

The authors describe the use of electrooptic sampling to characterize the performance of a packaged 1.7-GHz GaAs planar integrated decision circuit. To study the packaged device, it was necessary for the optical probe beam to impinge on the circuit from the front (active) side. This geometry enabled effective evaluation of the circuit, in spite of reduced spatial resolution and voltage sensitivity compared to a backside probing geometry. Using a gain-switched InGaAsP laser source, waveforms have been measured in the D flip-flop within the circuit and propagation delays of about 25 ps in the input buffers. Apparent crosstalk has been measured when the probe is positioned between adjacent active circuit lines and it is found that this crosstalk depends sensitively on the position of the probe beam.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Involvement of the Activation Loop of ERK in the Detachment from Cytosolic Anchoring (2001)

The Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are translocated into the nucleus in response to mitogenic stimulation. The mechanism of translocation and the residues in ERKs that govern this process are not clear as yet. Here we studied the involvement of residues in the activation loop of ERK2 in determining its subcellular localization. Substitution of residues in the activation loop to alanines indicated that residues 173-181 do not play a significant role in the phosphorylation and activation of ERK2. However, residues 176-181 are responsible for the detachment of ERK2 from MEK1 upon mitogenic stimulation. This dissociation can be mimicked by substitution of residues 176-178 to alanines and is prevented by deletion of these residues or by substitution of residues 179-181 to alanines. On the other hand, residues 176-181, as well as residues essential for ERK2 dimerization, do not play a role in the shuttle of ERK2 through nuclear pores. Thus, phosphorylation-induced conformational rearrangement of residues in the activation loop of ERK2 plays a major role in the control of subcellular localization of this protein.
Changes in the sieving action and thermal stability of zeolite a produced by ion-exchange (1975)

Na-A and K-A zeolites have been ion-exchanged with Ca2+ and Zn2+. The molecular sieving properties of the ion-exchanged zeolites were measured as functions of their composition. Abrupt changes in sieving action occur at 75 % exchange in the (K, Ca)-A series, and at 75 and 83 % exchange in the (K, Zn)-A series, as measured with chemically unreactive molecules. The sieving action of (K, Zn)-A zeolite for some polar molecules and unsaturated hydrocarbons changes gradually with its composition.The thermal stability of molecular sieve 3A is greatly improved by introducing a large number of divalent cations into this K-A zeolite.These properties are discussed in terms of site-selectivities of the exchangeable cations. From these, are derived diagrams of cation distribution on three kinds of site in the crystal.
A New Route to Designer Antibiotics (2005)

To overcome resistance, antibiotics must be modified regularly, but their complex structures make this a daunting task. In their Perspective, [Khosla and Tang][1] discuss how chemical synthesis and biosynthesis can complement each other in this quest for more powerful future antibiotics. They highlight the report by [ Charest et al ][2]., who have devised a powerful synthetic strategy for assembling novel tetracyclines, an important class of antibiotics that is widely used in humans and animals. Synthetic and biosynthetic approaches allow different parts of the tetracycline molecule to be modified with ease, and by combining the two approaches, these different strengths can be harnessed to find better antibiotics.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/308/5720/367
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/308/5720/395
A One-stage Factor VIII (Antihaemophilic Globulin) Assay and its Use on Venous and Capillary Plasma (1962)

Summary A one-stage factor-VIII assay is described, based on the method of Lang-dell, Wagner and Brinkhous (1953), in which contact activation is controlled by the addition of a suspension of kaolin to the system. Experiments to show the effect of this modification on the clotting times and reproducibility of the system are presented. The error of the method is expressed in terms of the confidence limits of a random series of field assays, which lay between 64—156% and 76—131% of the observed result. The normal range of factor-VIII concentrations, as determined by this method on venous plasma samples from 116 normal subjects, was 50—170%, with a roughly normal distribution. There was good correlation between the results of one-stage and two-stage factor-VIII assays carried out in parallel on 110 plasma samples and between the observed and expected factor-VIII concentrations of a series of mixtures of normal and haemophilic plasma. The use of the assay on capillary plasma samples is described, and the results compared with those obtained on venous plasma. The practical value of capillary factor-VIII assays is discussed.
Phosphorylation of serine 10 in histone H3, what for? (2003)

Eukaryotic cells must possess mechanisms for condensing and decondensing chromatin. Chromatin condensation is particularly evident during mitosis and cell death induced by apoptosis, whereas chromatin decondensation is necessary for replication, repair, recombination and transcription. Histones are among the numerous DNA-binding proteins that control the level of DNA condensation, and post-translational modification of histone tails plays a critical role in the dynamic condensation/decondensation that occurs during the cell cycle. Phosphorylation of Ser10 in the tails of histone H3 has been extensively studied in many organisms. Interestingly, this modification is involved in both transcription and cell division, two events requiring opposite alterations in the degree of chromatin compaction. How does one and the same modification of histone H3 fulfil such roles? For instance, in interphase, phosphorylation of H3 correlates with chromatin relaxation and gene expression, whereas in mitosis it correlates with chromosome condensation. What is the kinase and under what circumstances does Ser10 becomes phosphorylated? Most importantly, what are the consequences of phosphorylation of this residue?
Application of the Solid Dispersion Method to the Controlled Release of Medicine. III. Control of the Release Rate of Slightly Water Soluble Medicine from Solid Dispersion Granules. (1993)

In order to control the release rate of slightly water soluble medicine by using the solid dispersion (SD) method, the SD was prepared with a water soluble polymer and the slightly soluble medicine, and the medicine release from the solid dispersion granules was studied. The SD granules were prepared by the evaporation of ethanol after dissolving into ethanol a slightly water soluble medicine (flurbiprofen (FP)) and soluble polymers (hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)). HPC has four grades of molecular weight. The release rate of FP from SD was measured by the rotating basket method (JP XII). The release rate of FP from the SD granules was markedly larger than that from FP powder, and it was larger with a lower HPC molecular weight. It is speculated that these results were mainly based on the molecular dispersion state of FP and HPC in SD.