gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Density functional and Monte Carlo-based electron transport simulation in 4H-SiC(0001)/SiO<inf>2</inf> DMOSFET transition region (2013)

The potential presence of a transition layer at the SiC/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface may affect the electronic characteristics of SiC devices. Several experiments indicate the presence of C-O-Si bridges [1-3] at the interface. We investigated and compared the effect of possible interface structures on the total, and projected density, of states of the SiC/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> system with the use of density functional theory (DFT). We also utilized the Monte Carlo carrier transport modeling technique to obtain the average velocities and mobilities of each structure. The ionized impurity limited mobility of likely structures has been calculated. We constructed various structures with the forms of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> , and Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in both SiC, and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sides of the interface. According to our calculations, strong possible candidates for generating the traps near the conduction band are SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> structures formed by replacing carbon atoms in SiC with oxygen. The overall mobility, and the ionized impurity limited mobility decrease as the number of O(C) in the SiC side of the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> structures increase. Moreover, the calculated ionized impurity limited mobility is less than 30 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs in low external field.
Super resolution from image sequences (2002)

An iterative algorithm to increase image resolution is described. Examples are shown for low-resolution gray-level pictures, with an increase of resolution clearly observed after only a few iterations. The same method can also be used for deblurring a single blurred image. The approach is based on the resemblance of the presented problem to the reconstruction of a 2-D object from its 1-D projections in computer-aided tomography. The algorithm performed well for both computer-simulated and real images and is shown, theoretically and practically, to converge quickly. The algorithm can be executed in parallel for faster hardware implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Polygenic prediction of parity (1996)

S: 1996 World Congress on Psychiatric Genetics: V. GENETICS OF DRUG ABUSE (A) AND ALCOHOL (B) (A) DRUG ABUSE: PDF Only
Five-channel polymer waveguide wavelength division demultiplexer for the near infrared (1991)

A five-channel wavelength division demultiplexer (WDDM) fabricated in polymer gelatin waveguides and operating over a 100-nm bandwidth centered at 770 nm in the near infrared is discussed. The device has a maximum diffraction efficiency of 80% at 730 nm, has a spectral bandwidth of 17+or-3 nm per channel, and effectively utilizes a portion of the large optical transparency bandwidth ( approximately 2400 nm) of the photo-lime gelatin polymer material at laser diode wavelengths. High-channel-density WDDM devices at longer infrared wavelengths should be possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interaction of mature CD3+CD4+ T cells with dendritic cells triggers the development of tertiary lymphoid structures in the thyroid (2006)

Ectopic expression of CC chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) in the thyroid leads to development of lymphoid structures that resemble those observed in Hashimoto thyroiditis. Deletion of the inhibitor of differentiation 2 (Id2) gene, essential for generation of CD3-CD4+ lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells and development of secondary lymphoid organs, did not affect formation of tertiary lymphoid structures. Rather, mature CD3+CD4+ T cells were critical for the development of tertiary lymphoid structures. The initial stages of this process involved interaction of CD3+CD4+ T cells with DCs, the appearance of peripheral-node addressin-positive (PNAd+) vessels, and production of chemokines that recruit lymphocytes and DCs. These findings indicate that the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures does not require Id2-dependent conventional LTis but depends on a program initiated by mature CD3+CD4+ T cells.
Surface-Initiated Polymerization for Amplification of Self-Assembled Monolayers Patterned by Microcontact Printing (1999)

Patterned polymer brushes can be prepared by a novel strategy that combines surface-initiated polymerization and microcontact printing (see picture; μCP SAM indicates the self-assembled monolayer formed by microcontact printing). The living nature of the polymerization process permits the thickness of the polymer brush and its physical properties to be accurately controlled.
Quaternary Znx′Cdy′Mg1−x′−y′Se/ZnxCdyMg1−x−ySe quantum wells grown on InP substrates for blue emission (2001)

Quaternary Znx′Cdy′Mg1−x′−y′Se/ZnxCdyMg1−x−ySe quantum well (QW) structures in which both the well and the barrier layers are composed of quaternary alloys lattice matched to InP and having various well thicknesses have been grown and investigated. A blue emission with narrow linewidth was achieved by using a relatively thick well thickness (40–60 Å). The quaternary QW emission exhibits excitonic recombination behavior and it has higher quantum efficiency than the ternary ZnxCd1−xSe/ZnxCdyMg1−x−ySe QW of comparable thickness. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence measurements shows a high activation energy of 68 meV, indicating a strong quantum confinement by introduction of Mg in the QW region.
Pulsed laser beam effects on gingiva (1994)

The effects of CO2 lasers on human gingiva have been evaluated. Pulsed Nd:YAG lasers have only been available for clinical use in dentistry since 1990. This study evaluated the efficacy of a low-power pulsed laser in removing pocket lining epithelium in humans with moderate periodontitis. 24 specimens of gingival tissue, from 6 patients, were studied microscopically following the application of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) contact probe with a spotsize of 320 mu. Power settings of 1.25 and 1.75 Watts and a frequency of 20 Hz were used. Treatment time varied from 2 to 3 min. The specimens were fixed and processed in the usual manner. Four representative sections for each tooth were examined with the light microscope at 25 and 100 x magnification. Most sections (83%) exhibited complete removal of epithelium except for traces of viable basal cell remnants at the coronal sulcular margin (17%). The underlying connective tissue demonstrated no evidence of necrosis or carbonization. Morphologic features showed minimal change other than removal of pocket lining epithelium, compared to control sites. The pulsed Nd-YAG laser can remove pocket lining epithelium in moderately deep pockets at 1.25-1.75 W of power.
Inhibition of Interleukin 1 Receptor/Toll-like Receptor Signaling through the Alternatively Spliced, Short Form of MyD88 Is Due to Its Failure to Recruit IRAK-4 (2003)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and members of the proinflammatory interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) family are dependent on the presence of MyD88 for efficient signal transduction. The bipartite nature of MyD88 (N-terminal death domain [DD] and COOH-terminal Toll/IL-1 receptor [TIR] domain) allows it to link the TIR domain of IL-1R/TLR with the DD of the Ser/Thr kinase termed IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK)-1. This triggers IRAK-1 phosphorylation and in turn the activation of multiple signaling cascades such as activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. In contrast, expression of MyD88 short (MyD88s), an alternatively spliced form of MyD88 that lacks only the short intermediate domain separating the DD and TIR domains, leads to a shutdown of IL-1/lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation. Here, we provide the molecular explanation for this difference. MyD88 but not MyD88s strongly interacts with IRAK-4, a newly identified kinase essential for IL-1R/TLR signaling. In the presence of MyD88s, IRAK-1 is not phosphorylated and neither activates NF-kappaB nor is ubiquitinated. Thus, MyD88s acts as a negative regulator of IL-1R/TLR/MyD88-triggered signals, leading to a transcriptionally controlled negative regulation of innate immune responses.
Two epimeric aliphatic amino alcohols from a sponge. Xestospongia sp (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo epimeric aliphatic amino alcohols from a sponge. Xestospongia spNanda K. Gulavita and Paul J. ScheuerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 2, 366–369Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00263a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00263a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE NUMBER OF STRUCTURALLY ISOMERIC ALCOHOLS OF THE METHANOL SERIES (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE NUMBER OF STRUCTURALLY ISOMERIC ALCOHOLS OF THE METHANOL SERIESHenry R. Henze and Charles M. BlairCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 8, 3042–3046Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01359a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01359a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views342Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neuronal defects and delayed wound healing in mice lacking fibroblast growth factor 2 (1998)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is a wide-spectrum mitogenic, angiogenic, and neurotrophic factor that is expressed at low levels in many tissues and cell types and reaches high concentrations in brain and pituitary. FGF2 has been implicated in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes, including limb development, angiogenesis, wound healing, and tumor growth, but its physiological role is still unclear. To determine the function of FGF2 in vivo , we have generated FGF2 knockout mice, lacking all three FGF2 isoforms, by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. FGF2 −/− mice are viable, fertile and phenotypically indistinguishable from FGF2 +/+ littermates by gross examination. However, abnormalities in the cytoarchitecture of the neocortex, most pronounced in the frontal motor-sensory area, can be detected by histological and immunohistochemical methods. A significant reduction in neuronal density is observed in most layers of the motor cortex in the FGF2 −/− mice, with layer V being the most affected. Cell density is normal in other regions of the brain such as the striatum and the hippocampus. In addition, the healing of excisional skin wounds is delayed in mice lacking FGF2. These results indicate that FGF2, although not essential for embryonic development, plays a specific role in cortical neurogenesis and skin wound healing in mice, which, in spite of the apparent redundancy of FGF signaling, cannot be carried out by other FGF family members.
HYD1-induced increase in reactive oxygen species leads to autophagy and necrotic cell death in multiple myeloma cells (2009)

HYD1 is a D-amino acid peptide that was previously shown to inhibit adhesion of prostate cancer cells to the extracellular matrix. In this study, we show that in addition to inhibiting adhesion of multiple myeloma (MM) cells to fibronectin, HYD1 induces cell death in MM cells as a single agent. HYD1-induced cell death was necrotic in nature as shown by: (a) decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)), (b) loss of total cellular ATP, and (c) increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, HYD1 treatment does not result in apoptotic cell death because it did not trigger the activation of caspases or the release of apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G from the mitochondria, nor did it induce double-stranded DNA breaks. HYD1 did initiate autophagy in cells; however, autophagy was found to be an adaptive response contributing to cell survival rather than the cause of cell death. We were further able to show that N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a thiol-containing free radical scavenger, partially protects MM cells from HYD1-induced death. Additionally, N-acetyl-L-cysteine blocked HYD1-induced as well as basal levels of autophagy, suggesting that ROS can potentially trigger both cell death and cell survival pathways. Taken together, our data describe an important role of ROS in HYD1-induced necrotic cell death in MM cells.
The Effects of an Animation-Based On-Line Learning Environment on Transfer of Knowledge and on Motivation for Science and Technology Learning (2009)

The study described here is among the first of its kind to investigate systematically the effect of learning with integrated animations on transfer of knowledge and on motivation to learn science and technology. Four hundred eighteen 5th and 7th grade students across Israel participated in a study. Students in the experimental group participated at least once a week in science and technology lessons that integrated the animation environment. The experiment was continued for 2 to 3 months. The findings showed a significant impact of animation-based on-line learning environment on transfer of knowledge and on learning motivation. Additionally, the findings showed that students changed their perception of science and technology learning as a result of teaching and learning with integrated animations. Students perceived themselves as playing a more central role in classroom interactions, felt greater interest in learning, and emphasized more the use of technology and experiments during lessons.
Regioselective monoalkylation of non-protected glycopyranosides by the dibutyltin oxide method. (1985)

Regioselective monoalkylation of some pento- and hexopyranosides (Me β-L-Ara, Ph α-L-Ara, Me α-D-Xyl, Me β-D-Xyl, Me α-D-Glc, Me β-D-Glc, Me α-D-Gal, Me β-D-Gal, and Me α-D-Man) was examined by using the dibutyltin oxide method without protecting the hydroxyl groups. By this method, alkylation proceeds more or less in the same fashion as reported for acylation (through the formation of cyclic tin intermediates) and selectively activates an equatorial hydroxyl group which has an oxygenated function (OH or OMe) in a cis relationship at an adjacent position, even in the presence of a more reactive primary hydroxyl group. However, in some instances the position of activation is different. Various monoalkyl others thus prepared were identified by analyses of their carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.
Soluble Klotho and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (2011)

Loss of klotho might be a consequence of cyst growth and constrain the phosphaturic effect of FGF23 in most patients with ADPKD. Normal serum klotho levels were associated with normal FGF23 biologic activity in all XLH patients and a minority of ADPKD patients. Loss of klotho and FGF23 increase appear to exceed and precede the changes that can be explained by loss of GFR in patients with ADPKD.
Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1996)

Numerous studies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have examined their ability to recognize B-cell lines expressing recombinant HIV-1 proteins, but relatively few data regarding the lysis of HIV-1-infected cells by CTL are available. We studied the ability of HIV-1-specific CTL clones of defined epitope specificity and HLA restriction to lyse infected CD4+ cells at serial time points following infection. CD4+ cell lines were acutely infected with HIV-1 IIIB at a high multiplicity of infection, and the kinetics of cell lysis were examined and compared with the kinetics of viral replication. Intracellular HIV-1 p24 expression was detected by 1 to 2 days after infection, reaching over 98% positive cells by day 4. Recognition of the infected cells by HLA A2- and B14-restricted CTL clones closely paralleled intracellular p24 expression and preceded peak virion production. The maximal levels of lysis with Gag-, reverse transcriptase-, and envelope-specific clones were different, however. The Gag- and envelope-specific clones lysed infected cells at levels equivalent to peptide-sensitized controls, whereas lysis by the reverse transcriptase-specific clones plateaued at a lower level. Peptide titration curves indicated that this effect was not due to differences in sensitivity to the cognate epitopes for the different clones. Although HIV-1 infection induced an approximately 50% decrease in class I HLA expression on the surface of infected cells, lysis by CTL clones was unaffected. These studies indicate that HIV-1-specific CTL can efficiently lyse HIV-1-infected CD4+ cells and suggest that the partial downregulation of class I molecules in infected cells does not significantly affect recognition by CTL.
Reciprocal Expression and Signaling of TLR4 and TLR9 in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (2009)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common and often fatal inflammatory disorder affecting preterm infants that develops upon interaction of indigenous bacteria with the premature intestine. We now demonstrate that the developing mouse intestine shows reciprocal patterns of expression of TLR4 and TLR9, the receptor for bacterial DNA (CpG-DNA). Using a novel ultrasound-guided in utero injection system, we administered LPS directly into the stomachs of early and late gestation fetuses to induce TLR4 signaling and demonstrated that TLR4-mediated signaling within the developing intestine follows its expression pattern. Murine and human NEC were associated with increased intestinal TLR4 and decreased TLR9 expression, suggesting that reciprocal TLR4 and TLR9 signaling may occur in the pathogenesis of NEC. Enteral administration of adenovirus expressing mutant TLR4 to neonatal mice reduced the severity of NEC and increased TLR9 expression within the intestine. Activation of TLR9 with CpG-DNA inhibited LPS-mediated TLR4 signaling in enterocytes in a mechanism dependent upon the inhibitory molecule IRAK-M. Strikingly, TLR9 activation with CpG-DNA significantly reduced NEC severity, whereas TLR9-deficient mice exhibited increased NEC severity. Thus, the reciprocal nature of TLR4 and TLR9 signaling within the neonatal intestine plays a role in the development of NEC and provides novel therapeutic approaches to this disease.
Napster Near and Far: Will the Ninth Circuit's Ruling Affect Secondary Infringement in the Outer Reaches of Cyberspace? (2002)

In A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.,' the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in large part, upheld the preliminary injunction against Napster, Inc. ("Napster') based on its finding that Napster is likely to be proven a contributory and vicarious infringer 2 of the rights of copyright holders in sound recordings
Molecular Evolution of a Pathogenicity Island from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (1998)

We report the complete 43,359-bp sequence of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) from EDL933, an enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 serovar originally isolated from contaminated hamburger implicated in an outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis. The locus was isolated from the EDL933 chromosome with a homologous-recombination-driven targeting vector. Recent completion of the LEE sequence from enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) E2348/69 afforded the opportunity for a comparative analysis of the entire pathogenicity island. We have identified a total of 54 open reading frames in the EDL933 LEE. Of these, 13 fall within a putative P4 family prophage designated 933L. The prophage is not present in E2348/69 but is found in a closely related EPEC O55:H7 serovar and other O157:H7 isolates. The remaining 41 genes are shared by the two complete LEEs, and we describe the nature and extent of variation among the two strains for each gene. The rate of divergence is heterogeneous along the locus. Most genes show greater than 95% identity between the two strains, but other genes vary more than expected for clonal divergence among E. coli strains. Several of these highly divergent genes encode proteins that are known to be involved in interactions with the host cell. This pattern suggests recombinational divergence coupled with natural selection and has implications for our understanding of the interaction of both pathogens with their host, for the emergence of O157:H7, and for the evolutionary history of pathogens in general.
OligoArray: genome-scale oligonucleotide design for microarrays (2002)

The program code is distributed under the GNU General Public License and is freely available for non-profit use via request from the authors.