gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Novel Human Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide as a High Affinity Thyroxine Transporter (2002)

Transport of various amphipathic organic compounds is mediated by organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs in humans, Oatps in rodents), which belong to the solute carrier family 21A (SLC21A/Slc21a). Several of these transporters exhibit a broad and overlapping substrate specificity and are expressed in a variety of different tissues. We have isolated and functionally characterized OATP-F (SLC21A14), a novel member of the OATP family. The cDNA (3059 bp) contains an open reading frame of 2136 bp encoding a protein of 712 amino acids. Its gene containing 15 exons is located on chromosome 12p12. OATP-F exhibits 47-48% amino acid identity with OATP-A, OATP-C, and OATP8, the genes of which are clustered on chromosome 12p12. OATP-F is predominantly expressed in multiple brain regions and Leydig cells of the testis. OATP-F mediates high affinity transport of T(4) and reverse T(3) with apparent K(m) values of approximately 90 nM and 128 nM, respectively. Substrates less well transported by OATP-F include T(3), bromosulfophthalein, estrone-3-sulfate, and estradiol-17beta-glucuronide. Furthermore, OATP-F-mediated T(4) uptake could be cis-inhibited by L-T(4) and D-T(4), but not by 3,5-diiodothyronine, indicating that T(4) transport is not stereospecific, but that 3',5'-iodination is important for efficient transport by OATP-F. Thus, in contrast to most other family members, OATP-F has a more selective substrate preference and may play an important role in the disposition of thyroid hormones in brain and testis.
Breathing Pattern Characterization in Chronic Heart Failure Patients Using the Respiratory Flow Signal (2010)

This study proposes a method for the characterization of respiratory patterns in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with periodic breathing (PB) and nonperiodic breathing (nPB), using the flow signal. Autoregressive modeling of the envelope of the respiratory flow signal is the starting point for the pattern characterization. Spectral parameters extracted from the discriminant frequency band (DB) are used to characterize the respiratory patterns. For each classification problem, the most discriminant parameter subset is selected using the leave-one-out cross-validation technique. The power in the right DB provides an accuracy of 84.6% when classifying PB vs. nPB patterns in CHF patients, whereas the power of the DB provides an accuracy of 85.5% when classifying the whole group of CHF patients vs. healthy subjects, and 85.2% when classifying nPB patients vs. healthy subjects.
Characterization of Early Stages of Human B Cell Development by Gene Expression Profiling (2007)

We have characterized several stages of normal human B cell development in adult bone marrow by gene expression profiling of hemopoietic stem cells, early B (E-B), pro-B, pre-B, and immature B cells, using RNA amplification and Lymphochip cDNA microarrays (n = 6). Hierarchical clustering of 758 differentially expressed genes clearly separated the five populations. We used gene sets to investigate the functional assignment of the differentially expressed genes. Genes involved in VDJ recombination as well as B lineage-associated transcription factors (TCF3 (E2A), EBF, BCL11A, and PAX5) were turned on in E-B cells, before acquisition of CD19. Several transcription factors with unknown roles in B lymphoid cells demonstrated interesting expression patterns, including ZCCHC7 and ZHX2. Compared with hemopoietic stem cells and pro-B cells, E-B cells had increased expression of 18 genes, and these included IGJ, IL1RAP, BCL2, and CD62L. In addition, E-B cells expressed T/NK lineage and myeloid-associated genes including CD2, NOTCH1, CD99, PECAM1, TNFSF13B, and MPO. Expression of key genes was confirmed at the protein level by FACS analysis. Several of these Ags were heterogeneously expressed, providing a basis for further subdivision of E-B cells. Altogether, these results provide new information regarding expression of genes in early stages of human B cell development.
Integration of single crystal Si TFTs and circuits on a large glass substrate (2009)

Submicron single crystal-Si TFTs and a test circuit are integrated on a 320 mm × 400 mm ( Gen 1 ) glass substrate for the first time, by transferring devices using hydrogen exfoliation and direct bonding without adhesive. Characteristics of the NMOS-TFT is comparable with that of SOI, while PMOS-TFT shows some degradation of sub-threshold swing. Transferred CMOS show high performance and shift register function at 400 MHz (clock frequency) with power supply of 3 V. Transferred die size was 15 mm × 15 mm.
In situ fabricated porous filters for microsystems (2003)

Porous filters were fabricated inside a microchannel using emulsion photo-polymerization. The porosity of the filter is dependent on the composition of the pre-polymer mixture. The morphology and flow resistance of four filters with varying water and cross-linker concentrations was studied. The porous filter was used to separate samples, such as whole blood to cell/serum components, based on size. The efficiency of cell/serum separation by the porous filter was tested by performing a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase assay and was found to be comparable to separation by centrifuge. The porous filter thus mimics the functionality of the centrifuge, with the added benefits of no power requirements and ability to handle small sample volumes.
Genetic interactions between atm and p53 influence cellular proliferation and irradiation-induced cell cycle checkpoints. (1997)

Ataxia-telangiectasia and Li-Fraumeni syndrome, pleiotropic disorders caused by mutations in the genes atm and p53, share a marked increase in cancer rates. A number of studies have argued for an interaction between these two genes (for comprehensive reviews, see M. S. Meyn, Cancer Res., 55: 5991-6001, 1995, and M. F. Lavin and Y. Shiloh, Annu. Rev., Immunol., 15: 177-202, 1996). Specifically, atm is placed upstream of p53 in mediating G1-S cell cycle checkpoint control, and both atm and p53 are believed to influence cellular proliferation. To analyze the genetic interactions of atm and p53, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) homozygously deficient for both atm and p53 were used to assess cell cycle and growth control. These double-null fibroblasts proliferate rapidly and fail to exhibit the premature growth arrest seen with atm-null MEFs. MEFs null for both atm and p53 do not express any p21(cipl/wafl), showing that p53 is required for p21(cipl/wafl) expression in an atm-null background. By contrast, homozygous loss of either atm, p53, or both results in similar abnormalities of the irradiation-induced G1-S cell cycle checkpoint. Our results suggest two separate pathways of interaction between atm and p53, one linear, involving G1-S cell cycle control, and another more complex, involving aspects of growth regulation.
Secreted poxvirus chemokine binding proteins (1997)

Poxviruses encode a variety of immunomodulatory proteins that subvert the cytokine networks of infected hosts. Myxoma virus, a poxvirus pathogen of rabbits, expresses two distinct 35- to 40-kDa secreted glycoproteins that bind a broad spectrum of chemokines. The first of these, designated M-T7, is encoded by the T7 gene and is the first example of what is here referred to as type-I chemokine binding protein (CBP-I). M-T7 was initially discovered as a secreted viral homologue of cellular interferon-gamma receptor but binding studies indicate that purified M-T7 protein also interacts with members of the CXC, CC, and C chemokine families through the conserved heparin-binding domains. The second myxoma protein, M-T1, also called CBP-II, is a member of a larger superfamily of poxvirus proteins that includes related secreted 35-kDa proteins encoded by a wide variety of orthopoxviruses. Deletion analysis of either CBP-I or -II genes within recombinant poxvirus constructs revealed profound alterations in the trafficking of infiltrating leukocytes into virus-infected lesions. It is proposed that the interaction of CBP-I with the conserved heparin-binding domains found on most chemokines represents a novel mechanism for altering multiple chemokine functions in vivo. In summary, CBP-I and CBP-II are the first examples of secreted virus proteins that bind to multiple chemokine family members as part of a strategy to prevent the early phase of inflammatory cell migration into virus-infected tissues.
Essential Functional Role of the Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin of Staphylococcus epidermidis in Hemagglutination (1999)

Hemagglutination of erythrocytes is a common property of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains, which is related to adherence and biofilm formation and may be essential for the pathogenesis of biomaterial-associated infections caused by S. epidermidis. In three independent biofilm-producing, hemagglutination-positive S. epidermidis isolates, interruption of the icaADBC operon essential for polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) synthesis by Tn917 insertions led to a hemagglutination-negative phenotype. An immunoglobulin G fraction of antiserum to PIA greatly reduced hemagglutination. Purified PIA led to a 64-fold decrease of hemagglutination titers of these strains; however, it did not mediate hemagglutination by itself. These observations define PIA as the hemagglutinin of S. epidermidis or at least as its major functional component.
Newton programmer's guide : for Newton 2.0 (1996)

Newton Programmer's Guide is an essential book for programmers developing Newton software products. It is the definitive guide to Newton programming, providing conceptual information and instructions for using the Newton application programming interfaces.Some of the topics covered include: * using the NewtApp framework to build applications * working with views to display information * working with the built-in user interface components, called prototypes * handling text and ink input and display * controlling text, graphic, and gesture recognition behavior * storing and retrieving permanent data * using and extending the built-in communications interfaces The accompanying CD-ROM contains a comprehensive on-line reference to the data structures, routines, and system prototypes in a variety of formats. The QuickView format, for Mac OS users, provides extensive hypertext links for rapid, easy navigation and offers features such as fast full-text search and user annotations. For Windows(R) users, the reference is provided in Windows Help format. The entire reference text is also included in Acrobat format. The CD-ROM also includes a demo version of the Newton Toolkit for the Mac OS. The information in this book applies to version 2.0 of the Newton operating system. 0201479478B04062001
Circulating Levels of the Antiangiogenic Marker Soluble FMS-Like Tyrosine Kinase 1 Are Elevated in Women With Pregestational Diabetes and Preeclampsia (2007)

Preeclampsia is characterized by the development of proteinuria and hypertension after 20 weeks gestation, and it is associated with maternal and fetal morbidity. Preeclampsia affects ∼5% of pregnancies, though women with preexisting diabetes are three to four times more likely to develop preeclampsia (1). Preeclampsia is associated with altered angiogenic factors, including increased levels of circulating soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) and reduced levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor (PlGF). Hypertension and proteinuria of preeclampsia may be caused by an imbalance of these angiogenic factors (2–10). Circulating sFlt1, an antiangiogenic protein, binds to proangiogenic proteins, vascular endothelial growth factor, and PlGF, preventing their interaction with endothelial cell receptors and inducing endothelial dysfunction. Rats given sFlt1 develop proteinuria, hypertension, and glomerular endotheliosis, which are hallmarks of preeclampsia (3). Alterations in sFlt1 and PlGF are observed several weeks before symptoms (2).

It is unknown whether alterations in sFlt1 and PlGF are present in women with diabetes who then develop preeclampsia or whether a different pathway is responsible. Ultimately, it would be helpful to have a way to diagnose and predict preeclampsia in women with pregestational diabetes, as they frequently have preexisting hypertension and/or proteinuria, which make it difficult to differentiate superimposed preeclampsia.

We evaluated a small group of women with diabetes and compared levels of sFlt1 and PlGF at delivery in both those who developed preeclampsia and those …
Inhibition of Human Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase by 4-Hydroxynon-2-enal and 4-Oxonon-2-enal (2005)

Previous studies found the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (4HNE) to be both a substrate and an inhibitor of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). Inhibition of the enzyme by 4HNE was demonstrated kinetically to be reversible at low micromolar aldehyde but may involve covalent modification at higher concentrations. Structurally analogous to 4HNE is the lipid peroxidation product 4-oxonon-2-enal (4ONE), which is more reactive than 4HNE toward protein nucleophiles. The goal of this work was to determine whether 4ONE is a substrate or inhibitor of human ALDH2 (hALDH2) and elucidate the mechanism of enzyme inhibition by 4HNE and 4ONE. Both 4ONE and its glutathione conjugate were found to be substrates for the enzyme in the presence of NAD. At low concentrations of 4ONE (< or = 10 microM), hALDH2 catalyzed the oxidation of 4ONE to 4-oxonon-2-enoic acid (4ONEA) with a maximal yield of 5.2 mol 4ONEA produced per mol of enzyme (monomer). However, subsequent analysis of hALDH2 activity toward propionaldehyde revealed that both 4ONE and the oxidation product, 4ONEA, were potent, irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme. In contrast, inhibition of hALDH2 by a high concentration of 4HNE (i.e., 50 microM) was primarily reversible. The reactivity of 4ONEA toward glutathione was measured and found to be comparable to that of 4HNE, indicating that the 4ONE-oxidation product is a reactive electrophile. hALDH2/NAD was incubated with 4HNE, 4ONE, and 4ONEA, and mass spectral analysis of tryptic peptides revealed covalent modification of an hALDH2 active site peptide by both 4ONE and 4ONEA. These data demonstrate that hALDH2 catalyzes the oxidation of 4ONE to 4ONEA; however, the product 4ONEA is a reactive electrophile. Furthermore, both 4ONE and 4ONEA are potent, irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme.
Interaction between the endoglucanase CelA and the scaffolding protein CipC of the Clostridium cellulolyticum cellulosome (1996)

The 5' end of the cipC gene, coding for the N-terminal part of CipC, the scaffolding protein of Clostridium cellulolyticum ATCC 35319, was cloned and sequenced. It encodes a 586-amino-acid peptide, including several domains: a cellulose-binding domain, a hydrophilic domain, and two hydrophobic domains (cohesin domains). Sequence alignments showed that the N terminus of CipC and CbpA of C. cellulovorans ATCC 35296 have the same organization. The mini-CipC polypeptide, containing a cellulose-binding domain, hydrophilic domain 1, and cohesin domain 1, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The interaction between endoglucanase CelA, with (CelA2) and without (CelA3) the characteristic clostridial C-terminal domain called the duplicated-segment or dockerin domain, and the mini-CipC polypeptide was monitored by two different methods: the interaction Western blotting (immunoblotting) method and binding assays with biotin-labeled protein. Among the various forms of CelA (CelA2, CelA3, and an intermediary form containing only part of the duplicated segment), only CelA2 was found to interact with cohesin domain 1 of CipC. The apparent equilibrium dissociation constant of the CelA2-mini-CipC complex was 7 x 10(-9)M, which indicates that there exists a high affinity between these two proteins.
Siglecs and Immune Regulation (2012)

Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins, or Siglecs, vary in their specificity for sialic acid-containing ligands and are mainly expressed by cells of the immune system. Many Siglecs are inhibitory receptors expressed in innate immune cells that regulate inflammation mediated by damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs and PAMPs). This family also includes molecules involved in adhesion and phagocytosis and receptors that can associate with the ITAM-containing DAP12 adaptor. Siglecs contribute to the inhibition of immune cells both by binding to cis ligands (expressed in the same cells) and by responding to pathogen-derived sialoglycoconjugates. They can help maintain tolerance in B lymphocytes, modulate the activation of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and contribute to the regulation of T cell function both directly and indirectly. Siglecs modulate immune responses, influencing almost every cell in the immune system, and are of relevance both in health and disease.
Neurochemical Aspects of the Sexual Response Cycle (2003)

What drives the human sexual response cycle? The human sexual response cycle is a highly complex phenomenon that encompasses many transmitters and transmitter systems centrally and peripherally. The endocrine system is also intricately involved in the brain and in the periphery organs. Integration of these systems is a function of the nervous system that ultimately produces a vast array of cognitive, emotional, physiological, and behavioral responses. Therefore, it is not surprising that a disturbance in even a single system will lead to dysfunction in one or more phases of the sexual response cycle. This article highlights the complex roles the aminergic system plays along with key hormones that are equally involved. The article also points out how rudimentary and fragmented our knowledge is in this field and how few controlled studies are available. The potential for development of specific agents that target selective sexual dysfunctions is exemplified in sildenafil, the first such agent ever to be brought to market.
전북지역 주요도시의 지역경제 성장요인 비교분석 (1997)

The growth factor in regional economy of Chun-ju, Kun-san, Ik-san city is analyzed using shift-share analysis method. Time series data is during 1990-1995. The growth factor of regional economy in the total industry, the regional differential effect was a major negative factor of employee in all regions. The industrial growth effect was a positive factor in Chun-ju city, but it was a negative factor in Kun-san and Ik-san city. And the negative effective industries were a farming, hunting, forestry and a electricity, gas, water service, but the positive effective industries were a whole & retail sale, things repair, a transportation, warehouse, communication and a finance & insurance, real estator & service. In the manufacturing industry, the industrial growth effect was a major positive factor of employee in all regions. The regional differential effect was a positive factor in Chun-ju and Ik-san city, but it was a negative factor in Kun-san city. And the positive effective manufactures were a fiber, clothes, leather, but the negative effective manufactures were a grocery, tobacco. The national growth effect was a positive factor in all case.
SiON Integrated Optics Elliptic Couplers for Fizeau-Based Optical Coherence Tomography (2010)

Integrated optics potentially can offer significant cost reductions and new applications to Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). We design, fabricate, and characterize Silicon oxynitride (SiON) elliptic couplers, which can be used to focus light from a chip into the off-chip environment. Fizeau-based OCT measurements are performed with elliptic couplers and a moveable mirror. The optical fields at the output of the elliptic coupler are simulated and measured. Good agreement is observed between the measured OCT signal as a function of depth and calculations based on the optical field at the end of the elliptic coupler.
Chloroquine Prevents Progression of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension via Inhibition of Autophagy and Lysosomal Bone Morphogenetic Protein Type II Receptor Degradation (2013)

Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine exert beneficial effects in experimental PAH. The mechanism of action includes inhibition of autophagy pathways and inhibition of lysosomal degradation of BMPR-II.
Structural Analysis of Chloroquine Resistance Reversal by Imipramine Analogs (2001)

For imipramine, desipramine, and eight analogs of these well-known drugs, an N-5-aminoalkyl substitution was a minimum but insufficient structural feature associated with chloroquine resistance reversal. Although a second distal aliphatic nitrogen atom was unnecessary for resistance reversal, the direction of the dipole moment vector was critical.
Regulation of NAD Synthesis by the Trifunctional NadR Protein of Salmonella enterica (2005)

The three activities of NadR were demonstrated in purified protein and assigned to separate domains by missense mutations. The N-terminal domain represses transcription of genes for NAD synthesis and salvage. The C-terminal domain has nicotinamide ribose kinase (NmR-K; EC 2.7.1.22) activity, which is essential for assimilation of NmR, converting it internally to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). The central domain has a weak adenylyltransferase (NMN-AT; EC 2.7.7.1) activity that converts NMN directly to NAD but is physiologically irrelevant. This central domain mediates regulatory effects of NAD on all NadR activities. In the absence of effectors, pure NadR protein binds operator DNA (the default state) and is released by ATP (expected to be present in vivo). NAD allows NadR to bind DNA in the presence of ATP and causes repression in vivo. A superrepressor mutation alters an ATP-binding residue in the central (NMN-AT) domain. This eliminates NMN-AT activity and places the enzyme in its default (DNA binding) state. The mutant protein shows full NmR kinase activity that is 10-fold more sensitive to NAD inhibition than the wild type. It is proposed that NAD and the superrepressor mutation exert their effects by preventing ATP from binding to the central domain.
Using classifier features for studying the effect of native language on the choice of written second language words (2007)

We apply machine learning techniques to study language transfer, a major topic in the theory of Second Language Acquisition (SLA). Using an SVM for the problem of native language classification, we show that a careful analysis of the effects of various features can lead to scientific insights. In particular, we demonstrate that character bigrams alone allow classification levels of about 66% for a 5-class task, even when content and function word differences are accounted for. This may show that native language has a strong effect on the word choice of people writing in a second language.