gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic anti‐inflammatory effect induced by counter‐irritation through a local release of somatostatin from nociceptors (1998)

1. Neurogenic plasma extravasation evoked by topical application of 1% vv(-1) mustard oil on the skin of the acutely denervated rat hindleg (primary reaction) inhibited the development of a subsequent oil-induced plasma extravasation induced in the skin of the contralateral hindleg by 49.3+/-7.06% (n=9) and in the conjunctival mucosa due to 0.1% wv(-1) capsaicin instillation by 33.5+/-10.05% (n=6). The primary reaction also inhibited the non-neurogenic hindpaw oedema evoked by s.c. injection of 5% wv(-1) dextran into the chronically denervated hindpaw by 48.0+/-4.6% (n= 5). 2. Capsaicin injection (100 microg ml(-1) in 50 microl, s.c.) into the acutely denervated hindleg caused 56.5+/-4.0% (n=5) inhibition in the intensity of plasma extravasation elicited by 1% vv(-1) mustard oil smearing on the contralateral side. After chronic denervation, subplantar injection of 5% wv(-1) dextran elicited a non-neurogenic inflammatory response with intensive tissue oedema without causing any systemic anti-inflammatory effect. Bilateral adrenalectomy did not inhibit the mustard oil-induced anti-inflammatory effect in the contralateral hindleg. 3. Pretreating the rats with polyclonal somatostatin antiserum (0.5 ml rat(-1), i.v.) or with the somatostatin depleting agent cysteamine (280 mg kg(-1), s.c.) prevented the inhibitory action of mustard oil-induced inflammation on subsequent neurogenic plasma extravasation and strongly diminished the inhibition of non-neurogenic oedema formation evoked by dextran. 4. Exogenous somatostatin (10 microg kg(-1), i.p.) caused a 30.3+/-8.3% (n=6) inhibition of plasma extravasation caused by mustard oil smearing on the acutely denervated hindleg and this inhibitory effect was abolished by somatostatin antiserum (0.5 ml rat(-1), i.v.). The plasma level of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SST-LI) increased by 40.03+/-6.8% (n= 6) 10 min after topical application of 1% vv(-1) mustard oil on the acutely denervated hindpaws compared to the paraffin oil treated control group. Chronic denervation of the hindlegs or cysteamine (280 mg kg(-1), s.c.) pretreatment prevented the mustard oil-induced elevation of SST-LI in plasma. 5. It is concluded that chemical excitation of the capsaicin-sensitive sensory receptors not only induces local neurogenic plasma extravasation but also inhibits the development of a subsequent inflammatory reaction at remote sites of the body in the rat. A role for somatostatin in this systemic anti-inflammatory effect is suggested.
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in the Mouse1 (1995)

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was successful in the mouse when a piezo-driven micropipette was used instead of a mechanically driven conventional pipette. Eighty percent of sperm-injected oocytes survived, and approximately 70% of them developed into blastocysts in vitro. When 106 embryos at the 2- to 4-cell stage were transferred to eight naturally mated foster mothers, 30% of the embryos (25-43%, depending on the host) reached the full term. Except for two that were cannibalized soon after birth, all of the young (30 pups) grew into normal adults. Studies of this type on the mouse may increase understanding of the fertilization process and of how ICSI works.
Four Distinct Patterns of Memory CD8 T Cell Responses to Chronic Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection (2006)

CMVs are beta herpesviruses that establish lifelong latent infection of their hosts. Acute infection of C57BL/6 mice with murine CMV elicits a very broad CD8 T cell response, comprising at least 24 epitopes from 18 viral proteins. In contrast, we show here that the CD8 T cell response in chronically infected mice was dominated by only five epitopes. Altogether, four distinct CD8 T cell kinetic patterns were evident. Responses to some epitopes, including M45, which dominates the acute response, contracted sharply after day 7 and developed into stable long-term memory. The response to m139 underwent rapid expansion and contraction, followed by a phase of memory inflation, whereas the response to an M38 epitope did not display any contraction phase. Finally, responses against two epitopes encoded by the immediate early gene IE3 were readily detectable in chronically infected mice but near the limit of detection during acute infection. CD8 T cells specific for the noninflationary M45 epitope displayed a classic central memory phenotype, re-expressing the lymph node homing receptor CD62L and homeostatic cytokine receptors for IL-7 and IL-15, and produced low levels of IL-2. Responses to two inflationary epitopes, m139 and IE3, retained an effector memory surface phenotype (CD62L(low), IL-7Ralpha(-), IL-15Rbeta(-)) and were unable to produce IL-2. We suggest that immunological choices are superimposed on altered viral gene expression profiles to determine immunodominance during chronic murine CMV infection.
Targeting the Receptor-G q Interface to Inhibit in Vivo Pressure Overload Myocardial Hypertrophy (1998)

Hormones and neurotransmitters may mediate common responses through receptors that couple to the same class of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein. For example, several receptors that couple to Gq class proteins can induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Class-specific inhibition of Gq-mediated signaling was produced in the hearts of transgenic mice by targeted expression of a carboxyl-terminal peptide of the alpha subunit Galphaq. When pressure overload was surgically induced, the transgenic mice developed significantly less ventricular hypertrophy than control animals. The data demonstrate the role of myocardial Gq in the initiation of myocardial hypertrophy and indicate a possible strategy for preventing pathophysiological signaling by simultaneously blocking multiple receptors coupled to Gq.
Polyhedral surface smoothing with simultaneous mesh regularization (2000)

A computer graphics object reconstructed from real-world data often contains undesirable noise and small-scale oscillations. An important problem is how to remove the noise and oscillations while preserving desirable geometric features of the object. We develops methods for polyhedral surface smoothing and denoising with simultaneous increasing mesh regularity. We also propose an adaptive smoothing method allowing to reduce possible oversmoothing. Roughly speaking, our smoothing schemes consist of moving every vertex in the direction defined by the Laplacian flow with speed equal to a properly chosen function of the mean curvature at the vertex.
A stereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-thienamycin (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA stereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-thienamycinThomas N. Salzmann, R. W. Ratcliffe, B. G. Christensen, and F. A. BouffardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 19, 6161–6163Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00539a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00539a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3706Altmetric-Citations331LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Computational Approach to Etiquette: Operationalizing Brown and Levinson's Politeness Model (2008)

A central source of cultural differences is the communication of politeness, which can powerfully affect perception and behavior. Our computational adaptation of a universal theory of human politeness (from Brown and Levinson, 1987) combines culture-specific aspects of social context to generate expectations, score, interpret and recommend polite and impolite behaviors. Tests show this approach could reduce software development costs and increase an intelligent agent's behavior repertoire through the incorporation of modular, cross-cultural etiquette libraries.
Mannitol-specific phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system of Enterococcus faecalis: molecular cloning and nucleotide sequences of the enzyme IIIMtl gene and the mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, expression in Escherichia coli, and comparison of the gene products with similar enzymes (1991)

Enzyme IIIMtl is part of the mannitol phosphotransferase system of Enterococcus faecalis. It is phosphorylated in a reaction sequence requiring enzyme I and heat-stable phosphocarrier protein (HPr). The phospho group is transferred from enzyme IIIMtl to enzyme IIMtl, which then catalyzes the uptake and concomitant phosphorylation of mannitol. The internalized mannitol-1-phosphate is oxidized to fructose-6-phosphate by mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase. In this report we describe the cloning of the mtlF and mtlD genes, encoding enzyme IIIMtl and mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase of E. faecalis, by a complementation system designed for cloning of gram-positive phosphotransferase system genes. The complete nucleotide sequences of mtlF, mtlD, and flanking regions were determined. From the gene sequences, the primary translation products are deduced to consist of 145 amino acids (enzyme IIIMtl) and 374 amino acids (mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase). Amino acid sequence comparison confirmed a 41% similarity of E. faecalis enzyme IIIMtl to the hydrophilic enzyme IIIMtl-like portion of enzyme IIMtl of Escherichia coli and 45% similarity to enzyme IIIMtl of Staphylococcus carnosus. The putative N-terminal NAD+ binding domain of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase of E. faecalis shows a high degree of similarity with the N terminus of E. coli mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (T. Davis, M. Yamada, M. Elgort, and M. H. Saier, Jr., Mol. Microbiol. 2:405-412, 1988) and the N-terminal part of the translation product of S. carnosus mtlD, which was also determined in this study. There is 40% similarity between the dehydrogenases of E. faecalis and E. coli over the whole length of the enzymes. The organization of mannitol-specific genes in E. faecalis seems to be similar to the organization in S. carnosus. The open reading frame for enzyme IIIMtl E. faecalis is followed by a stem-loop structure, analogous to a typical Rho-independent terminator. We conclude that the mannitol-specific genes are organized in an operon and that the gene order is mtlA orfX mtlF mtlD.
Regulation of WNT3 and WNT3A mRNAs in human cancer cell lines NT2, MCF-7, and MKN45 (2002)

We have previously cloned and characterized human WNT2B/WNT13, WNT3, WNT3A, WNT5B, WNT6, WNT7B, WNT8A, WNT10A, WNT10B, WNT11, WNT14, and WNT14B/WNT15 by using bioinformatics, cDNA-library screening, cDNA-PCR, and RACE. WNT3 and WNT3A genes are two human paralogues of mouse proto-oncogene Wnt3, which induces carcinogenesis through activation of the beta-catenin - TCF signaling pathway. Here, regulation of WNT3 and WNT3A mRNAs in human cancer cell lines was investigated. WNT3 and WNT3A mRNAs were co-expressed in an embryonal carcinoma cell line NT2, which is reported to differentiate into postmitotic CNS neurons by treatment with retinoic acid for two weeks. Expression level of WNT3 mRNA in NT2 cells was not changed during 72 h after retinoic acid treatment, while expression of WNT3A mRNA was down-regulated in NT2 cells by retinoic acid. WNT3 and WNT3A mRNAs were also co-expressed in a breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and were down-regulated together by beta-estradiol in MCF-7 cells. Expression of WNT3 mRNA in a gastric cancer cell line MKN45 was not changed after treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) or interferon gamma (IFNgamma), and that of WNT3A mRNA was undetectable before and after treatment with TNFalpha or IFNgamma. WNT3A, down-regulated by retinoic acid in NT2 cells, might play key roles in the maintenance of NT2 cells in the undifferentiated proliferation stage through activation of the beta-catenin - TCF signaling pathway.
Nanostructured lipid carriers for triamcinolone acetonide delivery to the posterior segment of the eye B Biointerfaces (2011)

Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is a corticosteroid drug currently administered by intravitreal injection for a broad spectrum of inflammatory, edematous and angiogenic ocular diseases. To increase the drug's bioavailability by ocular instillation, TA was encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), previously optimized by our group using a factorial design approach. In the present paper, nanometric (∼200nm), unimodal and negatively charged NLC loaded with the fluorescent lipid marker Nile red (NR-NLC) and drug (TA-NLC) were produced by high pressure homogenization. Based on the selected formulations, in vivo tests were carried out by eye-drop instillation of NR-NLC in mice, revealing the systems’ ability of delivering lipophilic actives to the posterior segment of the eye via the corneal and non-corneal pathways. Short and long-term stability of TA-NLC was assessed by high performance stability analysis using the Turbiscan®. The results showed a backscattering of less than 1.5% and during a period of 6 months, anticipated the low tendency of these particles for aggregation during shelf life when stored at room temperature.
Adhesins and ligands involved in the interaction of Candida spp. with epithelial and endothelial surfaces (1994)

Adhesion of candidal species to the epithelium of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract stands as a critical first step in the pathogenesis of candidal infection. After colonization and replication at mucosal surfaces, Candida albicans and other pathogenic species may penetrate the mucosal barrier, enter the vascular tree, and disseminate hematogenously. The consequences of this pathogenic cascade evoke considerable morbidity and mortality, especially among immunocompromised patients. Thus, interactions of C. albicans and other candidal species with epithelium and endothelium may lead to serious consequences for the human host. This review evaluates candidate candidal adhesions for epithelial and endothelial surfaces, with emphasis on the specificity of the interaction, the inhibitors that have been employed, and the ligands that have been identified on mammalian cells or matrices. Three types of interactions are described: protein-protein interactions, lectin-like interactions, and incompletely defined interactions in which the adhesive ligand is as yet unidentified. Special attention is given to the roles of integrin-like proteins. Differences in the mechanisms of candidal attachment to epithelium and endothelium are delineated. Last, on the basis of the available literature, avenues of potentially fruitful investigation are proposed.
Development of a miniature pressure transducer for biomedical applications (1979)

Miniature absolute pressure transducers are needed for biomedical implant applications. The design parameters are: 1) sensitivity, 2) size, 3) hysteresis, 4) temperature coefficient, 5) long-term stability, and 6) biocompatibility. The present devices cannot meet all the requirements, particularly in size, long-term stability, and biocompatibility. The results of a development program on implantable and indwelling pressure transducers are reported with emphasis on the study of long-term stability and reproducibility associated with reduced size. The sensor is a resistive bridge diffused on a
Lipid phosphatases identified by screening a mouse phosphatase shRNA library regulate T-cell differentiation and Protein kinase B AKT signaling (2013)

Screening a complete mouse phosphatase lentiviral shRNA library using high-throughput sequencing revealed several phosphatases that regulate CD4 T-cell differentiation. We concentrated on two lipid phosphatases, the myotubularin-related protein (MTMR)9 and -7. Silencing MTMR9 by shRNA or siRNA resulted in enhanced T-helper (Th)1 differentiation and increased Th1 protein kinase B (PKB)/AKT phosphorylation while silencing MTMR7 caused increased Th2 and Th17 differentiation and increased AKT phosphorylation in these cells. Irradiated mice reconstituted with MTMR9 shRNA-transduced bone marrow cells had an elevated proportion of T-box transcription factor T-bet expressors among their CD4 T cells. After adoptive transfer of naïve cells from such reconstituted mice, immunization resulted in a greater proportion of T-box transcription factor T-bet-expressing cells. Thus, myotubularin-related proteins have a role in controlling in vitro and in vivo Th-cell differentiation, possibly through regulation of phosphatidylinositol [3,4,5]-trisphosphate activity.
Exenatide (Byetta) as a Novel Treatment Option for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2006)

Exenatide is the first drug in the incretin mimetic class and is indicated for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although structurally similar to the native glucagon-like peptide, this synthetic form has a much longer duration of action. Randomized trials have shown exenatide to be efficacious in improving glycemic control when combined with either metformin or a sulfonylurea. The dose is initially 5 mcg subcutaneously twice daily and may be titrated to 10 mcg subcutaneously twice daily to achieve better diabetes management. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were the most common adverse events reported with exenatide therapy. Exenatide is not associated with hypoglycemia, which may provide advantages over adding insulin to a sulfonylurea or metformin.
Rapid detection of methicillin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci by commercially available fluorescence test (1995)

A commercially available fluorescence test (Crystal MRSA ID System; BBL) for the rapid detection of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated for the detection of methicillin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci. The assay was compared with the agar dilution method and mecA detection by PCR. Provided that one uses an inoculum equivalent to a no. 2 McFarland standard instead of a no. 0.5 McFarland standard, which is used for S. aureus, the Crystal MRSA ID System detects methicillin resistance among coagulase-negative staphylococci with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 98.5, 95.4, 96.3, and 98.1%, respectively.
Bimatoprost Effects on Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Monkeys (2010)

The effects of bimatoprost on aqueous humor dynamics were quantified in monkey eyes. Uveoscleral outflow was measured by the anterior chamber perfusion method, using FITC-dextran. Total outflow facility was determined by the two-level constant pressure method. Aqueous flow was measured with a scanning ocular fluorophotometer. Uveoscleral outflow was 0.96 +/- 0.19 muL min(-1) in vehicle-treated eyes and 1.37 +/- 0.27 muL min(-1) (n = 6; P < .05) in eyes that received bimatoprost 0.01% b.i.d. x 5 days. Bimatoprost had no effect on total outflow facility, which was 0.42 +/- 0.05 muL min(-1) at baseline and 0.42 +/- 0.04 muL min(-1) after bimatoprost treatment. Bimatoprost had no significant effect on aqueous humor flow. This study demonstrates that bimatoprost increases uveoscleral outflow but not total outflow facility or aqueous humor flow, indicating that it lowers intraocular pressure in ocular normotensive monkeys by a mechanism that exclusively involves uveoscleral outflow.
Efficient polymer-nanocrystal quantum-dot photodetectors (2005)

We have realized highly efficient photodetectors based on composites of the semiconducting polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] and PbSe nanocrystal quantum dots. The external quantum efficiency in these devices is greater than 1 for electric fields E∼7×105V∕cm. The observed photocurrent gain could be attributed to the carrier multiplication in PbSe nanocrystal quantum dots via multiple exciton generation, and the efficient charge conduction through the host polymer material. This photocurrent gain is observed only when the PbSe nanocrystal band gap is at least three times smaller than the optical energy gap of the active polymer material.
Targeting Glioma Cells in Vitro with Ascorbate-Conjugated Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers (2009)

6-Ascorbate-PEG-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (6-ascorbate-PEG-PE) was synthesized according to a two-step procedure: (1) activation of ascorbic acid with bromine, and (2) synthesis of 6-ascorbate-PEG-PE by reacting 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino (poly(ethylene glycol))-2000] with an excess of 6-Br-ascorbic acid. The 6-ascorbate-PEG-PE was recovered by precipitation in diethyl ether and purified by gel permeation chromatography. The analysis of the product by 1H NMR and UV−vis spectroscopy confirmed the identity of the conjugate. Liposomes and PEG-PE-based lipid-core micelles were prepared by thin film hydration technique incorporating 6-ascorbate-PEG-PE as targeting moiety. The targeting properties of the ascorbate-decorated nanosystems were tested by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and fluorescent microscopy on a panel of tumor cell lines preliminary selected for their ability to express the SVCT2 ascorbate transporter. Cell lines had been selected on the basis of the immunological properties assessed by FACS, which showed that two glioma cell lines, C6 and F98, and fibroblasts NIH/3T3 express plasma membrane-associated SVCT2 transporter for reduced ascorbic acid. Ascorbate-decorated pharmaceutical nanocarriers were endowed with selective targeting properties toward the SVCT2 transporter expressed in glioma cell models. This study shows that SVCT2 transporter for ascorbic acid expressed both in peculiar epithelial cells of the choroid plexus responsible for the filtering of vitamin C into the central nervous system (CNS) and, in some brain tumor cell lines, can be conceivably exploited as a potential target for delivery of drug-loaded pharmaceutical nanocarriers to the brain.
Flecainide enantiomers: Disposition in human subjects and electrophysiologic actions in vitro (1989)

The antiarrhythmic agent flecainide is administered as a racemate. The disposition of the individual enantiomers and their electrophysiologic actions are unknown. We therefore determined through plasma levels of S-(+)-flecainide and R-(-)-flecainide in 13 patients who were receiving long-term oral flecainide therapy. In addition, the effects of the enantiomers on action potential characteristics in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers were assessed. Plasma concentrations of R-(-)flecainide were significantly higher than those of the S-(+)-enantiomer (-/+ ratio, 1.10 +/- 0.13,mean +/- SD; range, 0.89 to 1.32, p less than 0.01), suggesting that the drug undergoes enantioselective disposition. In the in vitro experiments, both enantiomers reduced phase 0 action potential Vmax (an index of the fast inward sodium current) and shortened action potential duration at 50% and 90% repolarization, but no differences between the enantiomers were detected. The time constants for development of Vmax depression were significantly longer for S-(+)-flecainide (13.4 +/- 1.5 seconds) compared with R-(-)-flecainide (8.9 +/- 0.6 seconds, p less than 0.001). Thus, although S-(+)-flecainide and R-(-)-flecainide undergo modest enantioselective disposition, they exert similar electrophysiologic effects. These studies have provided no evidence to indicate that administration of a single enantiomer, rather that the racemic drug, would offer any advantage.