gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1 year, 1000 km: The Oxford RobotCar dataset (2016)

We present a challenging new dataset for autonomous driving: the Oxford RobotCar Dataset. Over the period of May 2014 to December 2015 we traversed a route through central Oxford twice a week on average using the Oxford RobotCar platform, an autonomous Nissan LEAF. This resulted in over 1000 km of recorded driving with almost 20 million images collected from 6 cameras mounted to the vehicle, along with LIDAR, GPS and INS ground truth. Data was collected in all weather conditions, including heavy rain, night, direct sunlight and snow. Road and building works over the period of a year significantly changed sections of the route from the beginning to the end of data collection. By frequently traversing the same route over the period of a year we enable research investigating long-term localization and mapping for autonomous vehicles in real-world, dynamic urban environments. The full dataset is available for download at: http://robotcar-dataset.robots.ox.ac.uk
Nonparametric Statistical Methods (1999)

This Second Edition of Myles Hollander and Douglas A. Wolfe's successful Nonparametric Statistical Methods meets the needs of a new generation of users, with completely up-to-date coverage of this important statistical area. Like its predecessor, the revised edition, along with its companion ftp site, aims to equip readers with the conceptual and technical skills necessary to select and apply the appropriate procedures for a given situation. An extensive array of examples drawn from actual experiments illustrates clearly how to use nonparametric approaches to handle one- or two-sample location and dispersion problems, dichotomous data, and one-way and two-way layout problems. An ideal text for an upper-level undergraduate or first-year graduate course, Nonparametric Statistical Methods, Second Edition is also an invaluable source for professionals who want to keep abreast of the latest developments within this dynamic branch of modern statistics.
Enhancer-dependent interaction between 5' and 3' splice sites in trans. (1995)

Splice-site selection and alternative splicing of nuclear pre-mRNAs can be controlled by splicing enhancers that act by promoting the activity of upstream splice sites. Here we show that RNA molecules containing a 3' splice site and enhancer sequence are efficiently spliced in trans to RNA molecules containing normally cis-spliced 5' splice sites or to normally trans-spliced spliced leader RNAs from lower eukaryotes. In addition, we show that this reaction is stimulated by (Ser + Arg)-rich splicing factors that are known to promote protein-protein interactions in the cis-splicing reaction. Thus, splicing enhancers facilitate the assembly of protein complexes on RNAs containing a 3' splice site, and this complex is sufficiently stable to functionally interact with 5' splice sites located on separate RNAs. This trans-splicing is mediated by interactions between (Ser + Arg)-rich splicing factors bound to the enhancer and general splicing factors bound to the 5' and 3' splice sites. These same interactions are likely to play a crucial role in alternative splicing and splice-site selection in cis.
Catalytic Oligodeoxynucleotides Define a Key Regulatory Role for Early Growth Response Factor-1 in the Porcine Model of Coronary In-Stent Restenosis (2001)

Early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1) controls the expression of a growing number of genes involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis. Egr-1 is activated by diverse proatherogenic stimuli. As such, this transcription factor represents a key molecular target in efforts to control vascular lesion formation in humans. In this study, we have generated DNAzymes targeting specific sequences in human EGR-1 mRNA. These molecules cleave in vitro transcribed EGR-1 mRNA efficiently at preselected sites, inhibit EGR-1 protein expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells, block serum-inducible cell proliferation, and abrogate cellular regrowth after mechanical injury in vitro. These DNAzymes also selectively inhibit EGR-1 expression and proliferation of porcine arterial smooth muscle cells and reduce intimal thickening after stenting pig coronary arteries in vivo. These findings demonstrate that endoluminally delivered DNAzymes targeting EGR-1 may serve as inhibitors of in-stent restenosis.
Hair follicle differentiation and regulation. (2004)

Ten years ago, Hardy (1992) wrote a timely review on the major features of hair follicle development and hair growth which she referred to as a secret life. Many of these secrets are now being revealed. The information discussed in this brief review comprises the structure of the hair and hair follicle, the continuing characterisation of the genes for keratin and keratin associated proteins, the determination of the location of their expression in the different cell layers of the hair follicle, molecular signals which control keratin gene expression and post-translational events in the terminal stages of hair formation.
Expression and its clinical significance of heat shock protein gp96 in human osteosarcoma (2010)

heat shock protein gp96, immunoreactivity, osteoblastic sarcoma, chondroblastic sarcoma.
Over‐expression of a single Ca2+‐dependent protein kinase confers both cold and salt/drought tolerance on rice plants (2000)

A rice gene encoding a calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), OsCDPK7, was induced by cold and salt stresses. To elucidate the physiological function of OsCDPK7, we generated transgenic rice plants with altered levels of the protein. The extent of tolerance to cold and salt/drought stresses of these plants correlated well with the level of OsCDPK7 expression. Therefore, OsCDPK7 was shown to be a positive regulator commonly involved in the tolerance to both stresses in rice. Over-expression of OsCDPK7 enhanced induction of some stress-responsive genes in response to salinity/drought, but not to cold. Thus, it was suggested that the downstream pathways leading to the cold and salt/drought tolerance are different from each other. It seems likely that at least two distinct pathways commonly use a single CDPK, maintaining the signalling specificity through unknown post-translational regulation mechanisms. These results demonstrate that simple manipulation of CDPK activity has great potential with regard to plant improvement.
Molecular-level Insight into Unusual Low Pressure CO2 Affinity in Pillared Metal–Organic Frameworks (2013)

Fundamental insight into how low pressure adsorption properties are affected by chemical functionalization is critical to the development of next-generation porous materials for postcombustion CO2 capture. In this work, we present a systematic approach to understanding low pressure CO2 affinity in isostructural metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using molecular simulations and apply it to obtain quantitative, molecular-level insight into interesting experimental low pressure adsorption trends in a series of pillared MOFs. Our experimental results show that increasing the number of nonpolar functional groups on the benzene dicarboxylate (BDC) linker in the pillared DMOF-1 [Zn2(BDC)2(DABCO)] structure is an effective way to tune the CO2 Henry's coefficient in this isostructural series. These findings are contrary to the common scenario where polar functional groups induce the greatest increase in low pressure affinity through polarization of the CO2 molecule. Instead, MOFs in this isostructural series containing nitro, hydroxyl, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine functional groups result in little increase to the low pressure CO2 affinity. Strong agreement between simulated and experimental Henry's coefficient values is obtained from simulations on representative structures, and a powerful yet simple approach involving the analysis of the simulated heats of adsorption, adsorbate density distributions, and minimum energy 0 K binding sites is presented to elucidate the intermolecular interactions governing these interesting trends. Through a combined experimental and simulation approach, we demonstrate how subtle, structure-specific differences in CO2 affinity induced by functionalization can be understood at the molecular-level through classical simulations. This work also illustrates how structure-property relationships resulting from chemical functionalization can be very specific to the topology and electrostatic environment in the structure of interest. Given the excellent agreement between experiments and simulation, predicted CO2 selectivities over N2, CH4, and CO are also investigated to demonstrate that methyl groups also provide the greatest increase in CO2 selectivity relative to the other functional groups. These results indicate that methyl ligand functionalization may be a promising approach for creating both water stable and CO2 selective variations of other MOFs for various industrial applications.
αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins control glioma cell response to ionising radiation through ILK and RhoB (2008)

Integrins are extracellular matrix receptors involved in tumour invasion and angiogenesis. Although there is evidence that inhibiting integrins might enhance the efficiency of radiotherapy, little is known about the exact mechanisms involved in the integrin-dependent modulation of tumor radiosensitivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrins in glioblastoma cell radioresistance and overall to decipher the downstream biological pathways. We first demonstrated that silencing alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrins with specific siRNAs significantly reduced the survival after irradiation of 2 glioblastoma cell lines: U87 and SF763. We then showed that integrin activity and integrin signalling pathways controlled the glioma cell radiosensitivity. This regulation of glioma cell response to ionising radiation was mediated through the integrin-linked kinase, ILK, and the small GTPase, RhoB, by two mechanisms. The first one, independent of ILK, consists in the regulation of the intracellular level of RhoB by alphavbeta3 or alphavbeta5 integrin. The second pathway involved in cell radiosensitivity consists in RhoB activation by ionising radiation through ILK. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the alphavbeta3/alphavbeta5 integrins/ILK/RhoB pathway controlled the glioma cells radiosensitivity by regulating radiation-induced mitotic cell death. This work identifies a new biological pathway controlling glioblastoma cells radioresistance, activated from the membrane through alphavbeta3 and/or alphavbeta5 integrins via ILK and RhoB. Our results are clues that downstream effectors of alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrins as ILK and RhoB might also be promising candidate targets for improving the efficiency of radiotherapy and thus the clinical outcome of patients with glioblastoma.
Inhibiting Aggregation of α-Synuclein with Human Single Chain Antibody Fragments (2004)

The alpha-synuclein protein has been strongly correlated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and is a major component of the hallmark Lewy body aggregates associated with PD. Two different mutations in the alpha-synuclein gene as well as increased gene dosage of wild-type alpha-synuclein all associate with early onset cases of PD; and transgenic animal models overexpressing alpha-synuclein develop PD symptoms. Alpha-synuclein, a natively unfolded protein, can adopt a number of different folded conformations including a beta-sheet form that facilitates formation of numerous aggregated morphologies, including long fibrils, spherical and linear protofibrils, and smaller aggregates or oligomers. The roles of the various morphologies of alpha-synuclein in the progression of PD are not known, and different species have been shown to be toxic. Here we show that single chain antibody fragments (scFv's) isolated from naïve phage display antibody libraries can be used to control the aggregation of alpha-synuclein. We isolated an scFv with nanomolar affinity for monomeric alpha-synuclein (K(D) = 2.5 x 10(-8) M). When co-incubated with monomeric alpha-synuclein, the scFv decreased not only the rate of aggregation of alpha-synuclein, but also inhibited the formation of oligomeric and protofibrillar structures. The scFv binds the carboxyl terminal region of alpha-synuclein, suggesting that perturbation of this region can influence folding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein in vitro along with the previously identified hydrophobic core region of alpha-synuclein (residues 61-95, particularly residues 71-82). Since the scFv has been isolated from an antibody library based on human gene sequences, such scFv's can have potential therapeutic value in controlling aggregation of alpha-synuclein in vivo when expressed intracellularly as intrabodies in dopaminergic neurons.
Low-order TE0q operation of a CO2 laser for transmission through circular metallic waveguides (1981)

We report the separate TE01 and TE02 operation of a CO2 laser in a hybrid oscillator formed by placing a circular metallic waveguide and a focusing lens inside the cavity of an otherwise conventional laser. With the TE01 output focused into a passive waveguide outside the cavity, transmission in excess of 90% has been measured through a 31-cm-long, 0.5-mm-i.d. straight metallic tube. Bending increased the losses far more than originally anticipated.
The Diverse Function of PD-1/PD-L Pathway Beyond Cancer (2019)

The recent success of PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade in cancer therapy illustrates the important role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. However, signaling regulated by the PD-1/PD-L pathway is also associated with substantial inflammatory effects that can resemble those in autoimmune responses, chronic infection, and sepsis, consistent with the role of this pathway in balancing protective immunity and immunopathology, as well as in homeostasis and tolerance. Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 to treat cancer has shown benefits in many patients, suggesting a promising opportunity to target this pathway in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Here, we systematically evaluate the diverse biological functions of the PD-1/PD-L pathway in immune-mediated diseases and the relevant mechanisms that control these immune reactions.
Antibody Response to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) of Recombinant Fowlpox Virus (FPV) Expressing a Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase of NDV into Chickens in the Presence of Antibody to NDV or FPV (1991)

Antibody response of recombinant fowlpox virus (FPV) was studied in chickens inoculated with the virus in the presence or absence of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or FPV. In the case of NDV, high hemagglutination-inhibition titers to NDV were obtained when the antibody was present. No immune response to NDV was observed in the chickens previously vaccinated with FPV.
Distinct Risk Factor Profiles for Human Papillomavirus Type 16–Positive and Human Papillomavirus Type 16–Negative Head and Neck Cancers (2008)

HPV-16-positive HNSCCs and HPV-16-negative HNSCCs have different risk factor profiles, indicating that they should be considered to be distinct cancers.
Tumor necrosis factor is a brain damaging cytokine in cerebral ischemia. (1997)

Two contrasting roles, one beneficial and the injurious, have been proposed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Reported here are results obtained in a standard model of permanent focal cortical ischemia in rats, in which the volume of cerebral infarction is measured after permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Administration of neutralizing anti-rat TNF antibodies (P114) into the brain cortex significantly reduced ischemic brain damage (85% reduced infarct volume as compared with preimmune-treated controls). Similar results were achieved by systemic administration of CNI-1493, a recently described tetravalent guanylhydrazone compound, which effectively inhibited endogenous brain TNF synthesis and conferred significant protection against the development of cerebral infarction (80% reduced infarct volume as compared with vehicle controls treated 1 h postischemia with 10 mg/kg). P114 anti-TNF and CNI-1493 were each cerebroprotective when given within a clinically relevant time window for up to 2 h after the onset of ischemia. These findings establish an important, pathophysiological role of TNF in mediating the progression of ischemic brain damage, and suggest that inhibiting TNF with CNI-1493 may be beneficial in the future treatment of stroke.
Distinctive development of IgG4 subclass antibodies in the primary and secondary responses to keyhole limpet haemocyanin in man. (1990)

The human primary and secondary IgG subclass antibody responses to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) have been measured by ELISA using IgG subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies. KLH-specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies were detected 3 weeks after primary immunization, and IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 antibodies after secondary immunization. IgG3 antibodies were observed less frequently in both primary and secondary responses. Unlike the other subclasses, IgG4 antibodies developed very slowly during the primary response, with no antibody detected at 3 weeks and often with only low titres 1 year after immunization. In one individual, this IgG4 primary response peaked around 10 months, but there was considerable variation between individuals. Comparing primary and secondary responses, the greatest increase in KLH antibody was for the IgG4 subclass (45-fold rise), followed by IgG1 (7.3-fold rise), whilst IgG2 and IgG3 KLH-specific antibodies did not show a significantly increased secondary response. There was no detectable IgG4 antibody response when secondary immunization was performed 1 month after the primary, even though IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies were present. Reasons for the different time-course of IgG4 anti-KLH development and the isotype-related differences in 'memory' responses are discussed.
자전거 이용자 사고방지를 위한 안전장치 개발 연구 (2015)

본 연구의 목적은 도로상에서 차량과 함께 주행하는 자전거 이용자의 사고 방지와 안전성 확보를 위한 안전장치를 개발하고자 함이다. 최근 경제 성장으로 인한 환경 파괴 문제와 더불어 국제 유가상승 등의 이유로 대표적인 무동력 운송 수단인 자전거의 관심도와 이용이 증대되고 있다. 또한 정부 차원에서도 자전거 이용 활성화를 위한 인프라 구축과 다양한 정책을 통하여 자전거 이용을 장려하고 있는데, 이로 인해 자전거 교통사고 역시 증가하고 있다. 매년 증가하는 자전거 도로 사고 예방을 위해 자전거 사고를 유형별로 분석하고 분석을 통해 사고 원인을 제공하는 상황과 환경에서 사고를 사전에 대비할 수 있는 장치의 필요성이 요구된다. 이를 위해 먼저 자전거 교통사고의 원인 분석을 위한 기초 조사를 실시하였다. 또한 직접 경험을 통한 방법과 자전거 이용자들의 설문조사 방법을 통하여 문제점을 도출하고, 이를 해결할 수 있는 디자인 키워드와 콘셉트 방향을 설정하여 디자인을 진행했다. 본 연구의 안전서비스 장치는 전방 주시 방해 요인을 최소화하는 3단계 위험요소 인지 정보시스템으로 전방 주시 상태에서도 위험요소 인지를 1단계 촉각, 청각으로 가능하며, 2단계 위험요소 접근 정보를 8방향으로 구분하고 접근 거리에 따른 3단계 라이팅 표시 방법으로 상황이 닥치기 전에 위험요소를 인지하여 대비할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 자전거 위험정보 전달 장치는 차 대 사람, 차대 차, 자전거 단독 사고 등 다양한 사고 유형에서 반드시 필요로 하는 위험요인 접근 정보에 대한 효율적인 정보 인지 체계의 UX 디자인 결과를 도출하였고, 최종적으로는 자전거 부착형 안전장치와 위험정보에 대한 히스토리 기능과 자전거 상태 정보 등을 알 수 있는 GUI를 디자인하였다.
Structure–function studies for the panacea, valproic acid (2009)

The anticonvulsant properties of VPA (valproic acid), a branched short-chain fatty acid, were serendipitously discovered in 1963. Since then, therapeutic roles of VPA have increased to include bipolar disorder and migraine prophylaxis, and have more recently been proposed in cancer, Alzheimer's disease and HIV treatment. These numerous therapeutic roles elevate VPA to near 'panacea' level. Surprisingly, the mechanisms of action of VPA in the treatment of many of these disorders remain unclear, although it has been shown to alter a wide variety of signalling pathways and a small number of direct targets. To analyse the mechanism of action of VPA, a number of studies have defined the structural characteristics of VPA-related compounds giving rise to distinct therapeutic and cellular effects, including adverse effects such as teratogenicity and hepatotoxicity. These studies raise the possibility of identifying target-specific novel compounds, providing better therapeutic action or reduced side effects. This short review will describe potential therapeutic pathways targeted by VPA, and highlight studies showing structural constraints necessary for these effects.
Brimonidine in the Prevention of Intraocular Pressure Elevation Following Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty (1993)

One drop of 0.5% brimonidine administered either before or after surgery was found to be efficacious and safe in preventing posttrabeculoplasty elevations in IOP.
EVENT EXTRACTION FROM BIOMEDICAL PAPERS USING A FULL PARSER (2000)

We have designed and implemented an information extraction system using a full parser to investigate the plausibility of full analysis of text using general-purpose parser and grammar applied to biomedical domain. We partially solved the problems of full parsing of inefficiency, ambiguity, and low coverage by introducing the preprocessors, and proposed the use of modules that handles partial results of parsing for further improvement. Our approach makes it possible to modularize the system, so that the IE system as a whole becomes easy to be tuned to specific domains, and easy to be maintained and improved by incorporating various techniques of disambiguation, speed up, etc. In preliminary experiment, from 133 argument structures that should be extracted from 97 sentences, we obtained 23% uniquely and 24% with ambiguity. And 20% are extractable from not complete but partial results of full parsing.
A micro sensing probe for detecting individual biological cells (2004)

While detecting individual biological cells is essential in cytometry for counting cells and analyzing the cellular contents, miniaturized cell-detecting devices are desirable not only for on-site biomedical analysis but also for in situ monitoring of cell dynamics. To study the electrical detection mechanism, a micro sensing probe has been developed on silicon wafers using microfabrication technology. The device consists of an array of through-holes in diameter of 20, 60, and 100 /spl mu/m, with gating electrodes around the holes for cell sensing. An interfacing system including demodulation and signal processing circuitry is built to convert impedance change into electrical pulses. The pulse signals were acquired by a Lab View program for automatic pulse detection and analysis. The sensing mechanism has been tested on microbeads with high-frequency AC excitation and preliminary results indicate that the pulse amplitude distributions correlate with the size of beads. Further refinement on the sensor design and testing of the device for cell detection and analysis are expected.