gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of electrical conductivity imaging (1981)

Abstract We investigate the feasibility of imaging the electrical conductivity in a cross-section of an object (such as a core sample) by numerical inversion of low-frequency, electromagnetic (EM) boundary data. Current flow is assumed to be confined to the cross-section, which is modeled as a network of resistors. The network serves as a discrete approximation of the distributed-parameter system that is described mathematically by Maxwell's equations for steady current flow in a nonhomogeneous medium. A complete set of linearly independent voltage vectors is applied to the peripheral nodes, and the resulting node currents serve as the measured data for estimating the internal conductivity pattern (image). We generate estimates of this conductivity image by using an iterative process on network equations that are linearized in the unknown conductance variables.The mathematical feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by computer simulation studies using data generated from the network model. Reconstructed images are presented for sample conductance patterns under both ideal and noisy data conditions. An error analysis is performed to relate data noise to image-estimation error.
Topology-based catalogue exploration framework for identifying view-enhanced tower designs (2015)

There is a growing expectation for high performance design in architecture which negotiates between the requirements of the client and the physical constraints of a building site. Clients for building projects often challenge architects to maximize view quality since it can significantly increase real estate value. To pursue this challenge, architects typically move through several design revision cycles to identify a set of design options which satisfy these view quality expectations in coordination with other goals of the project. However, reviewing a large quantity of design options within the practical time constraints is challenging due to the limitations of existing tools for view performance evaluation. These challenges include flexibility in the definition of view quality and the ability to handle the expensive computation involved in assessing both the view quality and the exploration of a large number of possible design options. To address these challenges, we propose a catalogue-based framework that enables the interactive exploration of conceptual building design options based on adjustable view preferences. We achieve this by integrating a flexible mechanism to combine different view measures with an indexing scheme for view computation that achieves high performance and precision. Furthermore, the combined view measures are then used to model the building design space as a high dimensional scalar function. The topological features of this function are then used as candidate building designs. Finally, we propose an interactive design catalogue for the exploration of potential building designs based on the given view preferences. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through two use case scenarios to assess view potential and explore conceptual building designs on sites with high development likelihood in Manhattan, New York City.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Specific Cell-Mediated Immune Responses after Vaccination with a Purified Fusion Protein Subunit Vaccine (1994)

Vaccination with a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein subunit vaccine (PFP-2) was done to determine if this vaccine induced evidence of cell-mediated immunity to RSV and if cell-mediated immunity prevented RSV reinfection. Healthy children 12-18 months old received 50 micrograms of PFP-2 or a saline control. Lymphocyte transformation (LTF) responses were determined before and 1 and 6 months after vaccination. PFP-2 induced positive LTF responses in 5 (83%) of 6 subjects whose prevaccination samples lacked evidence of cell-mediated immunity. Positive LTF responses in prevaccination samples were not boosted but were more persistent in vaccinees than in controls. Positive LTF responses were not associated with protection against subsequent infection. Immunization with PFP-2 induces correlates of cell-mediated immunity, but this immunity does not appear to be a critical component of protection.
Heparan sulfate is necessary for adhesive interactions between human early hemopoietic progenitor cells and the extracellular matrix of the marrow microenvironment. (1988)

Human hemopoietic blast colony-forming cells (BI-CFCs) recognize and adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by marrow-derived stromal cells in vitro. We have investigated the requirements for this interaction by testing the capacity of BI-CFCs to adhere to ECM components under a variety of conditions. Binding was prevented completely by prior treatment of stromal ECM with nitrous acid, in large part by treatment with heparitinase or hyaluronidase, and slightly by treatment with chondroitinases. Whereas heparan sulfate isolated from marrow stromal cultures effectively blocked binding, heparan sulfate from bovine kidney did not. Chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid did not have any effect in this test. In contrast, collagen was not sufficient for the interaction because dishes coated with collagen type I or IV did not act as adhesive surfaces for BI-CFCs. Ligands for integrin receptors (e.g., fibronectin) did not participate in BI-CFC binding because the synthetic pentapeptide glycine-arginine-glycine-asparagine-serine did not compete with stroma in binding BI-CFCs. These findings indicate that heparan sulfate in the bone marrow microenvironment is necessary for BI-CFC binding to ECM and may contribute to localizing hemopoietic stem cells in hemopoietic tissue.
Late Gadolinium Enhancement of the Esophagus is Common on Cardiac MR Several Months after Pulmonary Vein Isolation: Preliminary Observations (2010)

Though rare before PVI, new esophageal LGE is seen in almost one-third of patients after PVI. The clinical implications to remain to be explored, but clinicians should be aware of this frequent imaging finding.
A List Sphere Detector based on Dijkstra's Algorithm for MIMO-OFDM Systems (2007)

A list sphere detector (LSD) based on Dijkstra's algorithm, namely increasing radius (IR) - LSD, is introduced for multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. The complexity and the performance of the IR-LSD is compared to a breadth first and depth first search based LSDs. The required list sizes for considered LSDs are determined for a 4times4 system with quadrature amplitude modulations (QAMs). The complexity of the algorithms is relative to the number of visited nodes in the search tree structure. Thus, the algorithm complexities are compared by studying and comparing the number of visited nodes per received symbol vector by the algorithm via computer simulations. The IR-LSD is found to visit the least amount of nodes of the LSDs in the search tree in each studied case, and found the least complex especially with higher order constellations.
IL-31 Serum Protein and Tissue mRNA Levels in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis (2011)

IL-31 is likely one of the many mediators inducing inflammation and pruritus in AD. Although our limited sample size prevents us from making any definitive conclusions, our data demonstrate a strong correlation between IL-31 mRNA level and serum IL-31 protein level, which has never been reported before. Moreover, we found correlations between serum IL-31 level and serum IgE, eosinophil cationic protein, disease severity, and subject itch intensity in certain degrees in AD patients.
Inhibition of proliferation by c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in colon adenocarcinoma cell lines that express c-myb. (1991)

Steady-state mRNA levels of the protooncogene c-myb were measured by Northern blot analysis in the human colon carcinoma cell lines LoVo, the doxorubicin-resistant derivative LoVo/Dx, Colo 205, and HT 29. Overexpression of c-myb mRNA was detected in the Colo 205 cell line, probably because of gene amplification, while in human HT 29 cells c-myb was not expressed at a detectable level. Comparison between LoVo and LoVo/Dx cell lines showed that c-myb mRNA levels were much higher in the doxorubicin-resistant derivative than in the parental line. c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides inhibited cell proliferation only in the cell lines with detectable mRNA c-myb (LoVo, LoVo/DX, and Colo 205). The dose of antisense exerting inhibitory effect was related to the levels of c-myb mRNA expression. Inhibition of c-myb expression in antisense-treated LoVo/DX cells was demonstrated by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique. LoVo/Dx cells were induced to differentiate by treatment with dimethylformamide to determine whether down-regulation of c-myb expression would accompany the process of differentiation. During the treatment with dimethylformamide the expression of c-myb decreased in parallel with the reduction of cell growth, while terminal differentiation of these cells was associated with changes in the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen and laminin receptor genes. Our findings demonstrate that the expression of c-myb is important for the proliferation of colon carcinoma cell lines and suggest that the role of this protooncogene is not restricted to cells of hematopoietic origin but is more general than previously thought.
Tumor marker-responsive behavior of gels prepared by biomolecular imprinting (2006)

We report dynamic glycoprotein recognition of gels prepared by biomolecular imprinting using lectin and antibody molecules as ligands for tumor-specific marker glycoproteins. The glycoprotein-imprinted gels prepared with minute amounts of cross-linkers could dynamically recognize tumor-specific marker glycoproteins by lectin and antibody ligands and induce volume changes according to the glycoprotein concentration. The glycoprotein-imprinted gel shrank in response to a target glycoprotein but nonimprinted gel swelled a little. The glycoprotein-responsive shrinking of the imprinted gel was caused by formation of lectin-glycoprotein-antibody complexes that acted as reversible cross-linking points. Glycoprotein-imprinted gels only shrank when both lectin and antibody in the gels simultaneously recognized the saccharide and peptide chains of the target glycoprotein. As shrinking behavior of biomolecularly imprinted gels in response to glycoproteins enables the accurate detection and recognition of tumor-specific marker glycoproteins, they have many potential applications as smart devices in sensing systems and for molecular diagnostics.
Water Vapor Sorption Studies on the Physical Stability of a Series of Spray-Dried Protein/Sugar Powders for Inhalation (1998)

One theory suggests that by maintaining the protein in an amorphous glassy sugar matrix, the physical hindrance encountered by the protein functions to stabilize it. Thus, the nature of the sugar/protein interaction is important as is the maintenance of the sugar in an amorphous form without any recrystallization. Moisture is known to function as a plasticizer and facilitate crystallization and thus loss of the amorphous state. We report the effect of cospray-drying with different proteins on the physical stability of lactose and mannitol. Particle sizing showed their suitability for inhalation, and the effect of exposure of the spray-dried products to moisture vapor was monitored gravimetrically. Bovine liver catalase, bovine pancreatic insulin, and bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A when individually cospray-dried with lactose showed no extensive initial crystallinity by powder X-ray diffraction, but proteins cospray-dried with mannitol generally showed evidence of mannitol component crystallinity. Catalase appeared to inhibit lactose crystallization from an amorphous matrix to a greater extent than insulin when exposed to short-term elevated humidity, but this difference was a kinetic feature. The hygroscopicities of the cospray-dried materials differed and indicated that each protein/sugar system required individual characterization to identify an optimal formulation.
Chemiresistive Graphene Sensors for Ammonia Detection (2018)

The primary objective of this work is to demonstrate a novel sensor system as a convenient vehicle for scaled-up repeatability and the kinetic analysis of a pixelated testbed. This work presents a sensor system capable of measuring hundreds of functionalized graphene sensors in a rapid and convenient fashion. The sensor system makes use of a novel array architecture requiring only one sensor per pixel and no selector transistor. The sensor system is employed specifically for the evaluation of Co(tpfpp)ClO<sub>4</sub> functionalization of graphene sensors for the detection of ammonia as an extension of previous work. Co(tpfpp)ClO<sub>4</sub> treated graphene sensors were found to provide 4-fold increased ammonia sensitivity over pristine graphene sensors. Sensors were also found to exhibit excellent selectivity over interfering compounds such as water and common organic solvents. The ability to monitor a large sensor array with 160 pixels provides insights into performance variations and reproducibility-critical factors in the development of practical sensor systems. All sensors exhibit the same linearly related responses with variations in response exhibiting Gaussian distributions, a key finding for variation modeling and quality engineering purposes. The mean correlation coefficient between sensor responses was found to be 0.999 indicating highly consistent sensor responses and excellent reproducibility of Co(tpfpp)ClO<sub>4</sub> functionalization. A detailed kinetic model is developed to describe sensor response profiles. The model consists of two adsorption mechanisms-one reversible and one irreversible-and is shown capable of fitting experimental data with a mean percent error of 0.01%.
Manometric Study of the Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Cysteine (1971)

The copper-catalyzed oxidation of cysteine was followed from the consumption of oxygen using the conventional Warburg method and from the formation of hydrogen peroxide using the spectrophotometric method. The rate of oxygen uptake varied with pH and showed a maximum at pH 7.2. Hydrogen peroxide was produced progressively during the oxidation, which indicated the possibility of the successive four equivalent reduction of oxygen via hydrogen peroxide to water. The amounts of oxygen uptake and of hydrogen peroxide formed decreased with the increase of pH. From the peroxide formation and the oxygen consumption, the mode of the utilization of molecular oxygen was discussed. In the low pH region, the two equivalent redox-reaction, in which oxygen is reduced to hydrogen peroxide, may be predominant. As pH increases, hydrogen peroxide formed is utilized for the reoxidation of copper (I) ion, and thereupon the successivefour equivalent redox-reaction becomes predominant.
Unexpected complexity in the haplotypes of commonly used inbred strains of laboratory mice (2004)

Investigation of sequence variation in common inbred mouse strains has revealed a segmented pattern in which regions of high and low variant density are intermixed. Furthermore, it has been suggested that allelic strain distribution patterns also occur in well defined blocks and consequently could be used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) in comparisons between inbred strains. We report a detailed analysis of polymorphism distribution in multiple inbred mouse strains over a 4.8-megabase region containing a QTL influencing anxiety. Our analysis indicates that it is only partly true that the genomes of inbred strains exist as a patchwork of segments of sequence identity and difference. We show that the definition of haplotype blocks is not robust and that methods for QTL mapping may fail if they assume a simple block-like structure.
Development of Novel, Highly Potent Inhibitors of V-RAF Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homologue B1 (BRAF): Increasing Cellular Potency through Optimization of a Distal Heteroaromatic Group (2010)

We describe the design, synthesis, and optimization of a series of new inhibitors of V-RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 (BRAF), a kinase whose mutant form (V600E) is implicated in several types of cancer, with a particularly high frequency in melanoma. Our previously described inhibitors with a tripartite A-B-C system (where A is a hinge binding pyrido[4,5-b]imidazolone system, B is an aryl spacer group, and C is a heteroaromatic group) were potent against purified (V600E)BRAF in vitro but were less potent in accompanying cellular assays. Substitution of different aromatic heterocycles for the phenyl based C-ring is evaluated herein as a potential means of improving the cellular potencies of these inhibitors. Substituted pyrazoles, particularly 3-tert-butyl-1-aryl-1H-pyrazoles, increase the cellular potencies without detrimental effects on the potency on isolated (V600E)BRAF. Thus, compounds have been synthesized that inhibit, with low nanomolar concentrations, (V600E)BRAF, its downstream signaling in cells [as measured by the reduction of the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)], and the proliferation of mutant BRAF-dependent cells. Concomitant benefits are good oral bioavailability and high plasma concentrations in vivo.
Comparison of myeloproliferative sarcoma virus with Moloney murine sarcoma virus variants by nucleotide sequencing and heteroduplex analysis (1984)

The myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV) was derived by passage of Moloney sarcoma virus (Mo-MuSV) in adult mice. Mo-MuSV variants transform fibroblasts. However, MPSV also affects erythroid, myeloid, and hematopoietic stem cells. The MPSV proviral genome, two temperature-sensitive mutants derived from it, Mo-MuSV variant M1, and Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) were compared by heteroduplex mapping. MPSV wild type was found to have 1 kilobase pair deleted from the pol gene and to contain v-mos-related sequences. The 3' end of MPSV, including the oncogene-helper junctions, the v-mos gene, and the 3' long terminal repeat, was sequenced and compared with sequences of Mo-MuLV, MSV-124, and the mouse oncogene c-mos. From these data, MPSV appears to be either closely related to the original Mo-MuSV or an independent recombinant of Mo-MuLV and c-mos. Five possible explanations of the altered specificity of MPSV are considered. (i) The MPSV mos protein has properties inherent in c-mos but lost by other Mo-MuSV mos proteins. (ii) The MPSV mos protein has altered characteristics due to amino acid changes. (iii) Due to a frameshift, MPSV codes for a mos protein truncated at the amino terminal and also a novel peptide. (iv) A second novel peptide may be encoded from the 3' env region. (v) MPSV has long terminal repeats and an enhancer sequence more like Mo-MuLV than Mo-MuSV, with a consequently altered target cell specificity.
Initial interaction of herpes simplex virus with cells is binding to heparan sulfate (1989)

We have shown that cell surface heparan sulfate serves as the initial receptor for both serotypes of herpes simplex virus (HSV). We found that virions could bind to heparin, a related glycosaminoglycan, and that heparin blocked virus adsorption. Agents known to bind to cell surface heparan sulfate blocked viral adsorption and infection. Enzymatic digestion of cell surface heparan sulfate but not of dermatan sulfate or chondroitin sulfate concomitantly reduced the binding of virus to the cells and rendered the cells resistant to infection. Although cell surface heparan sulfate was required for infection by HSV types 1 and 2, the two serotypes may bind to heparan sulfate with different affinities or may recognize different structural features of heparan sulfate. Consistent with their broad host ranges, the two HSV serotypes use as primary receptors ubiquitous cell surface components known to participate in interactions with the extracellular matrix and with other cell surfaces.
Fast app launching for mobile devices using predictive user context (2012)

As mobile apps become more closely integrated into our everyday lives, mobile app interactions ought to be rapid and responsive. Unfortunately, even the basic primitive of launching a mobile app is sorrowfully sluggish: 20 seconds of delay is not uncommon even for very popular apps.
Caspase Activation in an Experimental Model of Retinal Detachment (2003)

The apoptotic photoreceptor cell death in experimental retinal detachments is associated with caspase activation.
A construction set for multimedia applications (1989)

The authors describe an interface system called Athena Muse. Muse is an experiment kit for the construction of multimedia learning environments. Learning environments developed with Muse offer a diverse set of complementary interaction techniques, styles, and devices. An interface developer can choose from four representation approaches: directed graphs, multidimensional spatial frameworks, declarative constraints, and procedural languages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Exhausting T cells in CLL (2013)

In this issue of Blood, Riches and colleagues provide an in-depth characterization of T cells and particularly CD8+ T cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). They demonstrate that CD8+ T cells exhibit defects in proliferation, cytotoxicity, and increased expression of inhibitory receptors and thus exhibit features of T-cell exhaustion.
Abnormal expression of metallothionein and FasL in rectal carcinoma tissues (2010)

Objective To study the expression of metallothioneiu (MT)and Fas ligand (FasL) in rectal carcinoma and their association with metastasis to lymph node and liver. Methods Immunohistochemistry method and quantitative RT-PCR technique were used to assay the expression of MT and FasL at protein and mRNA levels in 85 cases of rectal carcinoma. The data of each group were compared and analysed by statis-tics. Results The rates of MT expression in primary foci, normal rectal mucosa, lymph node metastasis and hepatic metastasis were 57.3% ,29.6% ,79.5% and 61.8% respectively. And the rates of FasL expression were 45.8%, 17.8% ,63.5% and 90.3%, respectively. The positive rates of MT and FasL in primary foci, hepatic and lymph node metastasis were higher than that in normal mucosa (X~2 =33. 1322,56. 7142,P < 0.01). Among clinical stages, the positive rates of MT and FasL in C and D were higher than that in A and B (X~2 = 18. 8372,21. 5823 ,P <0.01). And higher rates of MT and FasL expression were detected in low differentiation adenocarcinoma and mucus adenocarcinoma than in middle-high differentiation adenocarcino-ma(X~2 = 11.2146,9.3136,P < 0. 05). High MT mRNA level was found in lymph node metastasis and high FasL mRNA level in hepatic metastasis. Conclusions The detection of MT and FasL expression was useful in clinic to predict lymph node metastasis and early diagnosis of liver metastasis of rectal carcinoma respec-tively. Assay of MT and FasL expression has prognostic values for rectal carcinoma patients.

Key words: 
Rectal carcinoma; Metallothionein; FasL