gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal Entrainment of Cognitive Functions (2005)

In a series of experiments, we have begun to investigate the effect of music as a mnemonic device on learning and memory and the underlying plasticity of oscillatory neural networks. We used verbal learning and memory tests (standardized word lists, AVLT) in conjunction with electroencephalographic analysis to determine differences between verbal learning in either a spoken or musical (verbal materials as song lyrics) modality. In healthy adults, learning in both the spoken and music condition was associated with significant increases in oscillatory synchrony across all frequency bands. A significant difference between the spoken and music condition emerged in the cortical topography of the learning-related synchronization. When using EEG measures as predictors during learning for subsequent successful memory recall, significantly increased coherence (phase-locked synchronization) within and between oscillatory brain networks emerged for music in alpha and gamma bands. In a similar study with multiple sclerosis patients, superior learning and memory was shown in the music condition when controlled for word order recall, and subjects were instructed to sing back the word lists. Also, the music condition was associated with a significant power increase in the low-alpha band in bilateral frontal networks, indicating increased neuronal synchronization. Musical learning may access compensatory pathways for memory functions during compromised PFC functions associated with learning and recall. Music learning may also confer a neurophysiological advantage through the stronger synchronization of the neuronal cell assemblies underlying verbal learning and memory. Collectively our data provide evidence that melodic-rhythmic templates as temporal structures in music may drive internal rhythm formation in recurrent cortical networks involved in learning and memory.
Effect of Docetaxel in Patients With Hormone-Dependent Prostate-Specific Antigen Progression After Local Therapy for Prostate Cancer (2005)

This study demonstrated the activity of docetaxel alone, without androgen ablation, in patients with PSA progression after completion of local therapy. Treatment with docetaxel in this population with early disease progression was well tolerated, biochemically active, and was not androgen ablative. Accrual to national phase III studies in early disease is now critical and should be strongly encouraged to determine the ability of early chemotherapy to improve survival.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate: a prototype of a new class of second messengers (1999)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP) is an important sphingolipid-derived second messenger in mammalian cells that acts to promote proliferation and to inhibit apoptosis. Various growth factors increase the intracellular concentration of SPP by activating sphingosine kinase, the molecular cloning of which has revealed that it defines a new type of lipid kinase. Cell fate is influenced by the balance between the intracellular concentration of SPP and that of ceramide, a pro-apoptotic sphingolipid metabolite. The observation that a similar "rheostat" is a determinant of cell survival in yeast cells exposed to heat shock indicates that it is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of stress regulation. SPP also acts extracellularly to inhibit cell motility and to influence cell morphology, effects that appear to be mediated by the G protein-coupled receptor EDG1. These observations indicate that SPP is the prototype of a new class of lipid mediators that exert both intracellular and extracellular actions.
Effect of silybin on high-fat-induced fatty liver in rats (2011)

Silybin, a natural antioxidant, has been traditionally used against a variety of liver ailments. To investigate its effect and the underlying mechanisms of action on non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats, we used 60 4-6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats to establish fatty liver models by feeding a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. Hepatic enzyme, serum lipid levels, oxidative production, mitochondrial membrane fluidity, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), gene and protein expression of adiponectin, and resistin were evaluated by biochemical, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Compared with the model group, silybin treatment (26.25 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1), started at the beginning of the protocol) significantly protected against high-fat-induced fatty liver by stabilizing mitochondrial membrane fluidity, reducing serum content of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from 450 to 304 U/L, decreasing hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) from 1.24 to 0.93 nmol/mg protein, but increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels from 8.03 to 9.31 U/mg protein and from 3.65 to 4.52 nmol/mg protein, respectively. Moreover, silybin enhanced the gene and protein expression of adiponectin from 215.95 to 552.40, but inhibited that of resistin from 0.118 to 0.018. Compared to rosiglitazone (0.5 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1), started at the beginning of the protocol), silybin was effective in stabilizing mitochondrial membrane fluidity, reducing SOD as well as ALT, and regulating gene and protein expression of adiponectin (P < 0.05). These results suggest that mitochondrial membrane stabilization, oxidative stress inhibition, as well as improved insulin resistance, may be the essential mechanisms for the hepatoprotective effect of silybin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Silybin was more effective than rosiglitazone in terms of maintaining mitochondrial membrane fluidity and reducing oxidative stress.
Two-Dimensional Polymerization of Lipid Bilayers:  Visible-Light-Sensitized Photoinitiation (1997)

The sensitized polymerization of synthetic lipid bilayers via visible-light irradiation of membrane-bound cyanine dyes is reported. Visible-light-initiated polymerizations were successful with liposomes composed solely or partly of either 1-palmitoyl-2-[10-(2‘,4‘-hexadienoyloxy)decanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (mono-SorbPC), 1,2-bis[10-(2‘,4‘-hexadienoyloxy)decanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (bis-SorbPC), or 1,2-bis(2,4-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DenPC). The ballasted sensitizing dyes reported here were conveniently incorporated into liposomes. The sensitizing dye N,N‘-dioctadecyl-3,3,3‘,3‘-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate, DiIC(18)3, was used in many of these studies because its absorption properties were especially well matched to the spectral output of the light source. The lipid product from the sensitized photoconversion of mono-SorbPC was transesterified and analyzed by size exclusion chromatography, which revealed the presence of a polymer with a relative number-average degree of polymerization of 102. This value is similar to those reported for the AIBN-initiated polymerization of mono-SorbPC liposomes. The sensitized polymerization process is dependent on the presence of oxygen, and spin-trapping experiments demonstrated the formation of superoxide anion. The indivdual effects of pH, light intensity, and temperature suggest that the polymerization process is initiated by electron transfer from the dye excited state to oxygen, to yield superoxide anion, which in aqueous media combines to form hydrogen peroxide. In addition, it was shown that the monomeric lipids could be polymerized by addition of hydrogen peroxide at the experimental temperatures. These data suggest that the dye-sensitized polymerization is mediated by the formation of hydroxyl radicals in the immediate vicinity of the lipid bilayer. This polymerization chemistry appears likely to be compatible with oxygen-dependent systems such as living tissues.
Influence of chain unsaturation and chain position on thermotropism and intermolecular interactions in membranes (1990)

Conference Article| October 01 1990 Influence of chain unsaturation and chain position on thermotropism and intermolecular interactions in membranes KEVIN M. W. KEOUGH KEVIN M. W. KEOUGH 1Department of Biochemistry and Discipline of Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1990) 18 (5): 835–837. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180835 Article history Received: April 10 1990 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation KEVIN M. W. KEOUGH; Influence of chain unsaturation and chain position on thermotropism and intermolecular interactions in membranes. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1990; 18 (5): 835–837. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180835 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: PC, phosphatidylcholine This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Aptamer:Toxin Conjugates that Specifically Target Prostate Tumor Cells (2006)

We have used RNA aptamer:gelonin conjugates to target and specifically destroy cells overexpressing the known cancer biomarker prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Aptamer:toxin conjugates have an IC50 of 27 nmol/L and display an increased potency of at least 600-fold relative to cells that do not express PSMA. The aptamer not only promotes uptake into target cells but also decreases the toxicity of gelonin in non-target cells. These results validate the notion that "escort aptamers" may be useful for the treatment of specific tumors expressing unique antigen targets.
Vagus nerve stimulation: from epilepsy to the cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway (2013)

The objective of this review was to explore the following: (i) the supporting evidence for the importance of VNS in epilepsy (and depression) and its mechanisms of action, (ii) the anti-inflammatory characteristics of the VN, (iii) the experimental evidence that VNS impact on inflammatory disorders focusing on the digestive tract, and (iv) how VNS could potentially be harnessed therapeutically in human inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, postoperative ileus, rheumatoid arthritis as an anti-inflammatory therapy.
ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME 2 IN THE KIDNEY (2008)

1. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an important homeostatic component of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). ACE2 both degrades the vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II and generates the potent vasodilator peptide, angiotensin 1-7. These actions counterbalance those of ACE. 2. ACE2 is highly expressed in the healthy kidney, particularly in the proximal tubules, where it colocalizes with ACE and angiotensin receptors. 3. Kidney disease and subtotal nephrectomy is associated with a reduction in renal ACE2 expression, possibly facilitating the damaging effects of angiotensin II in the failing kidney. Acquired or genetic ACE2 deficiency also appears to exacerbate renal damage and albuminuria in experimental models, supporting this hypothesis. 4. ACE2 also has an important role in blood pressure control. Many models of hypertension are associated with reduced ACE2 expression. Although ACE2 KO animals are normotensive, in states associated with activation of the RAS, ACE2 overexpression improves blood pressure control and reduces angiotensin responsiveness.
<title>High-performance visual servoing for robot end-point control</title> (1993)

The application of robots to high-speed manufacturing is limited by problems such as teaching locations, accuracy and cycle time. This paper discusses how visual servoing could be used to ameliorate these problems. Preliminary experimental results are presented showing the use of visual servoing for robot end-point control. A VME-bus based real-time system performing both robot control and image processing is used. The machine vision subsystem, based on Datacube pipeline processing modules and an APA-512+ binary feature extraction module, analyzes the camera data at CCIR video field rate (50 Hz).
Single-phase deposition of α-gallium nitride by a laser-induced transport process (1993)

Laser-assisted chemical vapour deposition (LCVD) of α-GaN onto sapphire (001) face is described. The bimolecular gas-phase reaction of trimethylgallium (TMG) with ammonia was employed under the influence of an ArF excimer laser (193 nm). The photolytic process permitted the single-phase deposition of GaN crystallites at lower temperatures. The stoichiometric growth was monitored by quadrupole mass analysis (QMA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while the crystalline quality of the as-grown deposits was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), reflection electron diffraction (RED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and luminescence measurements. The laser-induced transport process is discussed.
A Low‐Memory, Straightforward and Fast Bilateral Filter Through Subsampling in Spatial Domain (2011)

Abstract In this work we present a new algorithm for accelerating the colour bilateral filter based on a subsampling strategy working in the spatial domain. The base idea is to use a suitable subset of samples of the entire kernel in order to obtain a good estimation of the exact filter values. The main advantages of the proposed approach are that it has an excellent trade‐off between visual quality and speed‐up, a very low memory overhead is required and it is straightforward to implement on the GPU allowing real‐time filtering. We show different applications of the proposed filter, in particular efficient cross‐bilateral filtering, real‐time edge‐aware image editing and fast video denoising. We compare our method against the state of the art in terms of image quality, time performance and memory usage.
Differential Activation of Formyl Peptide Receptor-Like 1 by Peptide Ligands (2003)

Formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) plays a key role in the regulation of immune responses. The activation of FPRL1 induces a complicated pattern of cellular signaling, which results in the regulation of several immune responses, such as chemotactic migration and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because some of these cellular responses are not beneficial to the host, ligands that selectively modulate these cellular responses are useful. His-Phe-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Met (HFYLPM) is a synthetic peptide that binds to FPRL1. In this study, we generated various HFYLPM analogues and examined their effects on cellular responses via FPRL1 in FPRL1-expressing rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells or in primary human neutrophils. Among the HXYLPM analogues, His-Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Met (HRYLPM) activated a broad spectrum of cellular signaling events, including an intracellular Ca(2+) concentration increase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Akt activation, however, His-Glu-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Met (HEYLPM) activated only intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and Akt but did not increase Ca(2+). In addition, HRYLPM was found to stimulate chemotaxis and ROS generation via phosphoinositide 3-kinase and an intracellular Ca(2+) concentration increase, respectively, whereas HEYLPM stimulated chemotaxis but not ROS generation. With respect to the molecular mechanisms involved in the differential action of HRYLPM and HEYLPM, we found that HRYLPM but not HEYLPM competitively inhibited the binding of (125)I-labeled Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met-NH(2) (WKYMVm, a FPRL1 ligand) to FPRL1. This study demonstrates that the important chemoattractant receptor, FPRL1, may be differentially modulated by distinct peptide ligands. We also suggest that HRYLPM and HEYLPM may be used to selectively modulate FPRL1.
Sound source localisation through active audition (2005)

This paper presents a novel method for enabling a robot to determine the direction to a sound source through interacting with its environment. The method uses a new neural network, the parameter-less self-organizing map algorithm, and reinforcement learning to achieve rapid and accurate response.
Layered quality adaptation for Internet video streaming (2000)

Streaming audio and video applications are becoming increasingly popular on the Internet, and the lack of effective congestion control in such applications is now a cause for significant concern. The problem is one of adapting the compression without requiring video servers to reencode the data, and fitting the resulting stream into the rapidly varying available bandwidth. At the same time, rapid fluctuations in quality will be disturbing to the users and should be avoided. We present a mechanism for using layered video in the context of unicast congestion control. This quality adaptation mechanism adds and drops layers of the video stream to perform long-term coarse-grain adaptation, while using a TCP-friendly congestion control mechanism to react to congestion on very short timescales. The mismatches between the two timescales are absorbed using buffering at the receiver. We present an efficient scheme for the distribution of available bandwidth among the active layers. Our scheme allows the server to trade short-term improvement for long-term smoothing of quality. We discuss the issues involved in implementing and tuning such a mechanism, and present our simulation results.
Chiral Lewis Acid-Mediated Enantioselective Pictet−Spengler Reaction of Nb-Hydroxytryptamine with Aldehydes (1998)

The first example of a reagent-controlled enantioselective Pictet-Spengler reaction is demonstrated. Using diisopinocampheylchloroborane as a chiral Lewis acid catalyst, the Pictet-Spengler reaction of N(b)-hydroxytryptamine with aldehydes gave the corresponding 2-hydroxytetrahydro-beta-carbolines in up to 90% ee. The enantioselective Pictet-Spengler reaction catalyzed by chiral binaphthol-derived Brønsted acid-assisted Lewis acids, with up to 91% ee, is also demonstrated.
A New Melanoma Antigen Fatty Acid–Binding Protein 7, Involved in Proliferation and Invasion, Is a Potential Target for Immunotherapy and Molecular Target Therapy (2006)

The identification of molecules that are preferentially expressed in melanoma cells and involved in their malignant phenotypes is important for understanding melanoma biology and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. By comparing the expression profile of a melanoma cell line with those of various normal tissues using GeneChip and by confirming the actual expression of the selected genes by reverse transcription-PCR and Northern and Western blot analyses, fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7), which is frequently expressed in melanomas, was identified. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that FABP7 was expressed in 11 of 15 melanoma tissues. By down-regulating the FABP7 expression with FABP7-specific small interfering RNAs, in vitro cell proliferation and Matrigel invasion were suppressed in two of six melanoma cell lines. Overexpression of FABP7 in a FABP7-negative embryonic kidney cell line 293T by transfecting with the FABP7 cDNA resulted in enhanced cell proliferation and Matrigel invasion, indicating that FABP7 plays a role in the malignant phenotype of some melanoma cell lines. IgG antibodies specific for the phage or bacterial recombinant FABP7 protein were detected in 14 of 25 (56%) or in 8 of 31 (26%) sera from melanoma patients, respectively, but not in sera from healthy individuals, indicating that FABP7 is an immunogenic antigen in melanoma patients. These results showed that FABP7 is frequently expressed in melanoma, may be involved in cell proliferation and invasion, and may be a potential target for development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods.
Adrenergic Excitation of Cutaneous Pain Receptors Induced by Peripheral Nerve Injury (1991)

The mechanisms by which peripheral nerve injuries sometimes lead to causalgia, aberrant burning pain peripheral to the site of nerve damage, are uncertain, although the sympathetic nervous system is known to be involved. Whether such syndromes could be the result of the development of responsiveness by some cutaneous pain receptors (C-fiber nociceptors) to sympathetic efferent activity as a consequence of the nerve injury was tested in an animal model. After nerve damage but not in its absence, sympathetic stimulation and norepinephrine were excitatory for a subset of skin C-fiber nociceptors and enhanced the responsiveness of these nociceptors to tissue-damaging stimulation. These effects were demonstratable within days after nerve lesions, occurred at the cutaneous receptive terminal region, were manifest in sensory fibers that had not degenerated after the injury, and were mediated by alpha 2-adrenergic-like receptors.
Expression and release of soluble HLA-E is an immunoregulatory feature of endothelial cell activation (2006)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E belongs, with HLA-G and HLA-F, to the non-classic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (Ib) molecules, broadly defined by a limited polymorphism and a restricted pattern of cellular expression. In contrast to HLA-G, the expression and function of HLA-E and HLA-F in physiologic and pathologic processes remain poorly established. In the present study, we show that HLA-E protein expression in normal human nonlymphoid organs is mainly restricted to endothelial cells (ECs). HLA-E is also basally expressed by B and T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells and by macrophages. We demonstrate that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) up-regulate the cell-surface expression of HLA-E on ECs in vitro and induce the release of soluble HLA-E (sHLA-E). HLA-E up-regulation protects IFN-gamma-activated ECs from NK-mediated cell lysis, while sHLA-E protects bystander cells. Finally, sHLA-E is not detected in normal sera, and increased serum levels correlate with disease activity in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated systemic vasculitis. Thus, HLA-E expression and release of sHLA-E are features of EC activation and emphasize immunoregulatory functions of the endothelium. The present identification of soluble HLA-E molecules may have important implications in understanding the pathogenesis of immune-mediated vascular diseases and for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients.
Eculizumab for Atypical Hemolytic–Uremic Syndrome (2009)

To the Editor: Atypical hemolytic–uremic syndrome is a disease of uncontrolled complement activation associated with a high mortality rate, and most cases progress to end-stage renal disease.1 About 50% of patients with this syndrome carry mutations in genes encoding complement proteins.2 Complement inhibition has been suggested for the treatment of atypical hemolytic–uremic syndrome,3 but currently no data on this treatment option are available. We report on a case of atypical hemolytic–uremic syndrome that was successfully treated with eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks complement activity by cleavage of the complement protein C5, thereby preventing the generation of the inflammatory . . .