gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and sequencing of the alcohol dehydrogenase II gene from Zymomonas mobilis (1987)

The gene which encodes alcohol dehydrogenase II (adhB) from Zymomonas mobilis was cloned in Escherichia coli as a 1.4-kilobase DNA fragment by using a novel indicator plate which directly detects the expression of this activity by recombinant colonies. The DNA sequence for this clone contained an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 383 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 40,141. Although this protein exhibited very little homology with other known alcohol dehydrogenases, the predicted amino acid composition was in excellent agreement with that reported for the purified alcohol dehydrogenase II protein from Z. mobilis. In Z. mobilis, the adhB gene was transcribed from tandem promoters which were separated by 100 base pairs and ended with a transcriptional terminator (13-base-pair palindrome). In Escherichia coli, only one of the Z. mobilis promoters was used, despite apparent similarity to the enteric consensus promoter. The adhB gene was transcribed at low levels in E. coli from the P2 promoter of Z. mobilis but was expressed well in E. coli under control of the lac promoter (approximately 0.25% of the total cell protein).
BEYOND AMYLOID: The Next Generation of Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics (2007)

The precise pathological events that cause cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease remain to be determined. The most widely held view is that accumulation of amyloid beta peptide initiates the disease process; however, with more than eighteen amyloid-based therapeutic candidates currently in clinical trials, the targeting of amyloid alone may not be sufficient to improve functional deficits over the course of the disease. Alternative targets, such as the tau protein and apolipoprotein E, have thus been increasingly investigated, and in the future, therapeutic strategies will likely address events that are upstream of a more broadly construed pathological cascade that includes but is not limited to the generation and accumulation of amyloid beta. Consideration of such events provides the basis for an "indirect amyloid hypothesis," for which data are beginning to emerge. Although it is clinically defined by simple post-mortem criteria, Alzheimer's disease likely has a complex etiology, and effective treatments for this disease will become ever more urgent as the world's population ages.
Acidic transcription factors alleviate nucleosome-mediated repression of DNA replication of bovine papillomavirus type 1. (1994)

The papillomavirus E2 transcription factor is directly involved in viral DNA replication. Previous studies have shown that E2 interacts with both the viral E1 helicase and cellular replication proteins, and thus it may facilitate their targeting to the origin of replication. We demonstrate here that E1-mediated replication of bovine papillomavirus type 1 is repressed by nucleosomal assembly. The E2 protein counteracts this repression, and such activation requires the E2-binding sites adjacent to the origin of replication. These in vitro results are consistent with the previous in vivo findings that both E2 and specific E2 binding to DNA are absolutely required for replication of bovine papillomavirus. Furthermore, the function of E2 in preventing nucleosome-mediated repression can be achieved as well by several other acidic transcription factors. These data therefore strongly support the idea that a group of enhancer proteins may utilize similar mechanisms to stimulate transcription and replication.
ECG computer program developed for a retrospective and prospective study of the Pardee T wave (2002)

The use of a computerized electrocardiogram (ECG) database system to determine the prevalence of Pardee T waves and to correlate with significant coronary artery disease in a hospital-based population is discussed. The criteria of a Pardee T wave were defined as minimal ST segment elevation at onset and midportion >or=0.02 mV above baseline followed by T wave inversion >or=0.06 mV in one of the precordial leads V1-V6. In a retrospective study, the computerized ECG system was programmed to search for these ECGs in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Survivorship in International Chain Restaurant in Korea (2003)

Several western chains have done well in Korea, while others have withdrawn from the market. The authors summarize the current operational results of western chain restaurants in Korea, report positive impacts of western foodservice firms, and analyze the key elements leading to their survival and non-survival. Some lessons could be used as tools to establish entrance strategies of western chain restaurants in Korea as well as in other Asian markets
Molecular organization and nucleotide sequence of the recG locus of Escherichia coli K-12 (1991)

The nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli K-12 recG gene was determined. recG was identified as an open reading frame located between the spoT operon and the convergent gltS gene. It encodes a polypeptide of 693 amino acids which was identified as a 76-kDa protein by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after it was labeled with [35S]methionine in maxicells. The sequence determined revealed no obvious promoter. Synthesis of RecG by plasmids carrying the intact gene varied with the orientation of the insert relative to the vector promoter and with the extent of upstream spoT operon sequence included in the construction. It is concluded that recG is the fourth and last gene in the spoT operon, although a possible promoter for independent transcription of spoU and recG was identified near the end of the spoT gene. The primary sequence of RecG revealed that it is related to proteins that act as helicases and has a well-conserved motif identified with ATP binding.
Expression of myostatin pro domain results in muscular transgenic mice (2001)

Myostatin, a member of the TGF-beta family, negatively regulates skeletal muscle development. Depression of myostatin activity leads to increased muscle growth and carcass lean yield. In an attempt to down-regulate myostatin, transgenic mice were produced with a ribozyme-based construct or a myostatin pro domain construct. Though the expression of the ribozyme was detected, muscle development was not altered by the ribozyme transgene. However, a dramatic muscling phenotype was observed in transgenic mice carrying the myostatin pro domain gene. Expression of the pro domain transgene at 5% of beta-actin mRNA levels resulted in a 17-30% increase in body weight (P < 0.001). The carcass weight of the transgenic mice showed a 22-44% increase compared with nontransgenic littermates at 9 weeks of age (16.05 +/- 0.67 vs. 11.16 +/- 0.28 g in males; 9.99 +/- 0.38 vs. 8.19 +/- 0.19 g in females, P < 0.001). Extreme muscling was present throughout the whole carcass of transgenic mice as hind and fore limbs and trunk weights, all increased significantly (P < 0.001). Epididymal fat pad weight, an indicator of body fat, was significantly decreased in pro domain transgenic mice (P < 0.001). Analysis of muscle morphology indicated that cross-sectional areas of fast-glycolytic fibers (gastrocnemius) and fast-oxidative glycolytic fibers (tibialis) were larger in pro domain transgenic mice than in their controls (P < 0.01), whereas fiber number (gastrocnemius) was not different (P > 0.05). Thus, the muscular phenotype is attributable to myofiber hypertrophy rather than hyperplasia. The results of this study suggest that the over-expression of myostatin pro domain may provide an alternative to myostatin knockouts as a means of increasing muscle mass in other mammals.
The High Molecular Weight Urinary Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) Activity Is a Complex of Gelatinase B/MMP-9 and Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL) (2001)

Detection of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities in the urine from patients with a variety of cancers has been closely correlated to disease status. Among these activities, the presence of a group of high molecular weight (HMW) MMPs independently serves as a multivariate predictor of the metastatic phenotype (). The identity of these HMW MMP activities has remained unknown despite their novelty and their potentially important applications in non-invasive cancer diagnosis and/or prognosis. Here, we report the identification of one of these HMW urinary MMPs of approximately 125-kDa as being a complex of gelatinase B (MMP-9) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Multiple biochemical approaches verified this identity. Analysis using substrate gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the 125-kDa urinary MMP activity co-migrates with purified human neutrophil MMP-9 x NGAL complex. The 125-kDa urinary MMP-9 x NGAL complex was recognized by a purified antibody against human NGAL as well as by a monospecific anti-human MMP-9 antibody. Furthermore, these same two antibodies were independently capable of specifically immunoprecipitating the 125-kDa urinary MMP activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the complex of MMP-9 x NGAL could be reconstituted in vitro by mixing MMP-9 and NGAL in gelatinase buffers with pH values in the range of urine and in normal urine as well. Finally, the biochemical consequences of the NGAL and MMP-9 interaction were investigated both in vitro using recombinant human NGAL and MMP-9 and in cell culture by overexpressing NGAL in human breast carcinoma cells. Our data demonstrate that NGAL is capable of protecting MMP-9 from degradation in a dose-dependent manner and thereby preserving MMP-9 enzymatic activity. In summary, this study identifies the 125-kDa urinary gelatinase as being a complex of MMP-9 and NGAL and provides evidence that NGAL modulates MMP-9 activity by protecting it from degradation.
The Use of Antioxidants in Healing (1996)

The CTR components worked synergistically to enhancing healing of injuries.
Numerical analysis of fatty acid patterns of coryneform bacteria and related taxa (1996)

A numerical study of the fatty acid patterns of 263 reference strains belonging to the genera Arthrobacter, Aureobacterium, Brevibacterium, Cellulomonas, Clavibacter, Corynebacterium, Curtobacterium, Erysipelothrix, Microbacterium, and Rhodococcus was undertaken based on cultural and chemical standardized techniques. Clustering was by the unweighted pair group method using the correlation coefficient. Two cluster groups could be defined at the 62% level, one containing strains characterized by saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and the second group characterized by iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. Within the first cluster group, a clear separation of strains assigned to the genera Rhodococcus, Erysipelothrix, and Corynebacterium could be achieved. Furthermore, strains of the species Corynebacterium glutamicum, Corynebacterium ammoniagenes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 'Corynebacterium ulcerans,' and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae could be found in distinct clusters, based on quantitative differences in fatty acid patterns. Within the second cluster group, a high degree of similarity between the genera Aureobacterium, Cellulomonas, Clavibacter, Curtobacterium, and Microbacterium found in phylogenetically based studies could be shown also by fatty acid patterns. Several strains of the plant pathogenic coryneform bacteria assigned to the genus Clavibacter and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens were found within one cluster, indicating a high similarity between these genera. Strains of the genus Arthrobacter were grouped into three adjacent clusters and could not be differentiated by fatty acid patterns. The results of the study are essentially in line with a previously published numerical survey and with other chemotaxonomic and genetic data. Thus, quantitative fatty acid patterns are recommended for identification of several coryneform bacterial genera. In some cases an identification at the species level is possible.Key words: fatty acid analysis, coryneform bacteria, differentiation, numerical analysis.
Pyramidal displacement mapping (2006)

Displacement mapping enables us to details to polygonal meshes. We present a real-time artifacts-free inverse displacement mapping method using per-pixel ray tracing through an image pyramid on the GPU. In each pixel, we make a ray and trace the ray through a displacement map to find an intersection. To skip empty-regions safely, we use the quad-tree image pyramid of a displacement map in top-down order. For magnification we estimate an intersection between a ray and a bi-linearly interpolated displacement. For minification we perform a mipmap-like prefiltering to improve quality of result images and rendering performance. Results show that our method produces correct images even at steep grazing angles. Rendering speed of test scenes were over hundreds of frames per second and less influence to the resolution of the map. Our method is simple enough to add to existing virtual reality systems easily.
The UAW-GM Health Promotion Program (2002)

1. The success of the LifeSteps program may rest in the UAW and GM leadership's vision to use a high level joint steering committee, a day to day working committee, third party program providers, support of confidentiality throughout the entire program, and a comprehensive data driven decision making system. 2. The program design is a multiplatform method of program delivery to a diverse and nationwide population of the active and retired employees and dependents (more than 1 million individuals older than age 18). They receive an annual health risk appraisal, telephone access to a registered nurse 24 hours a day. LifeSteps website, a quarterly health information newsletter and a health care book sent to each of the households, and access to a telephonic audiotape library. 3. A pilot program has a more intense design of low risk maintenance and high risk reduction programs specifically for all active employees who work in the pilot locations. A telephonic program for behavior change is available only to high risk individuals in the total pilot population of active and retired employees and dependents. 4. The major success criterion for the LifeSteps program is helping workers, former employees, and their families maintain or achieve low risk status. The increased number of employees at low risk status (4% gain the second year and a 2% gain from the second to the third year) documents the improved health status of the population. Moreover, of surveyed participants and nonparticipants, 85% supported program continuation and 74% said they had an improved opinion of the UAW and GM due to the program.
[Effect of occupational stress on cardiovascular function of different vocational population]. (2003)

Occupational stress has certain effect on cardiovascular function.
Vessel Occlusion with Transcatheter Electrocoagulation: Initial Clinical Experience (1979)

Transcatheter electrocoagulation (TCEC) was used for vessel occlusion in combination with embolization by Gelfoam and/or Ivalon in six patients in whom other interventional or surgical techniques were considered dangerous or unfeasible. The technique was effective in decreasing or obliterating the blood supply to variously located lesions in all cases. The only complications were small skin burns in one patient and a small ulceration of the upper lip in another.
Early embryonic vascular development (1996)

Establishment of a functional vascular system is imperative for normal embryonic growth and development. Building on the excellent descriptive studies of endothelial cell position and behavior, it is now possible to begin to define the mechanisms directing endothelial cell differentiation, commitment, migration and organization into a tube. What are the factors that control differentiation of mesoderm into angioblasts and what is needed for these angioblasts to organize into a vascular bed? These processes involve the careful orchestration of a diverse group of molecules including components of the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion receptors, growth factors and their receptors. This review has discussed just a few of the components that have been implicated as potentially important in the establishment of the vascular system. However, our understanding of how vessels form in the embryo is really quite rudimentary. We are just beginning to understand the delicate balance of both angiogenic and angiostatic processes that result in the intricate patterning and diverse function that is characteristic of developing endothelial cells. We have not even discussed important factors such as the role of blood flow and apoptosis in maintaining and remodeling vascular beds within the embryo nor have we addressed the development of endothelial heterogeneity in the mature animal [reviewed in Ref. 98]. There are certain to be new molecules identified as well as the delineation of new roles for known molecules. In addition, advances in genetic manipulation and improvements in both in vitro and in vivo model systems should provide important new insights into this critical process of vascular ontogeny.
Mechanical forces and their second messengers in stimulating cell growth in vitro (1992)

Mechanical forces play an important role in modulating the growth of a number of different tissues including skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, bone, endothelium, epithelium, and lung. As interest increases in the molecular mechanisms by which mechanical forces are transduced into growth alterations, model systems are being developed to study these processes in tissue culture. This paper reviews the current methods available for mechanically stimulating tissue cultured cells. It then outlines some of the putative "mechanogenic" second messengers involved in altering cell growth. Not surprisingly, many mechanogenic second messengers are the same as those involved in growth factor-induced cell growth. It is hypothesized that from an evolutionary standpoint, some second messenger systems may have initially evolved for unicellular organisms to respond to physical forces such as gravity and mechanical perturbation in their environment. As multicellular organisms came into existence, they appropriated these mechanogenic second messenger cascades for cellular regulation by growth factors.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A UNIQUE MUSCLE CELL LINE (1974)

A clonal cell line derived from a mouse neoplasm is described which shares many properties with smooth muscle. The cells have electrically excitable membranes capable of generating overshooting action potentials, and they contract both spontaneously and with electrical stimulation. They respond to the iontophoretic application of acetylcholine with a depolarizing response, and to norepinephrine with a hyperpolarizing response. Electron microscopy reveals that the cells have a morphology similar in many, but not all, respects to that of smooth muscle cells in vivo. The cells secrete soluble collagen-like molecules in addition to several proteins of undefined function. Finally, there is an increase in the specific activities of creatine phosphokinase and myokinase associated with increased cell density and the cessation of cell division.
Feminine Resistance to Moral Legislation in the Early Empire (2006)

Moral legislation was one of the defining aspects of Augustan culture, and rarely does any serious discussion of the early empire conclude without at least passing reference to the lex Iulia or its sister laws. Certainly no treatise on marriage, family, or morality would be complete without some attention to the laws regulating adultery. These laws are often invoked to illuminate the use of morality as a political weapon, or to discuss strategies by which imperial expansion could be justified. Likewise, the written hostility towards the policies, such as the subversive verses of the elegists, has captured the attention of scholars for many years. Considerably less discussion, however, is dedicated to the issue of conscious feminine resistance to these restrictions. Rebellious females or odd exceptions appear scattered throughout the discourse surrounding the marriage laws, but usually remain isolated. This paper seeks to bring together a small selection of feminine voices as they can be heard in relation to the moral legislation of the early empire, in hopes that by so doing a more complete understanding of imperial Rome’s deeply nuanced society may be obtained. THE LEGISLATION The transition from the republic to the empire in the latter first century B.C.E caused much
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors are widely distributed within the rat central nervous system: an autoradiographic study (1985)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor-binding sites have been localized and quantified in the rat central nervous system (CNS) by autoradiography with an iodine-125-labeled analogue of ovine CRF substituted with norleucine and tyrosine at amino acid residues 21 and 32, respectively. High affinity and pharmacologically specific receptor-binding sites for CRF were found in discrete areas within the rat CNS. CRF receptors were highly concentrated in laminae 1 and 4 throughout the neocortex, the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, the external layer of the median eminence, several cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem including the facial, oculomotor, trochlear, vestibulocochlear, and trigeminal nuclei, the deep cerebellar nuclei, and the cerebellar cortex. Moderate concentrations of CRF receptors were present in the olfactory tubercle, caudate-putamen, claustrum, nucleus accumbens, nucleus of the diagonal band, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, mammillary peduncle, inferior and superior olives, medullary reticular formation, inferior colliculus, and brainstem nuclei including tegmental, parabrachial, hypoglossal, pontine, cuneate, and gracilis nuclei, and in spinal cord. Lower densities of CRF binding were found in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central and medial amygdaloid nuclei, and regions of the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and brainstem. The distribution of CRF-binding sites generally correlates with the immunocytochemical distribution of CRF pathways and with the pharmacological sites of action of CRF. These data strongly support a physiological role for endogenous CRF in regulating and integrating functions in the CNS.
Complications of the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: results of a population based study. (1993)

There are many potential complications which have been reported in association with the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. We have been able to show the relative frequencies of these problems in a population based study of 84 cases in the north west of England. The major complications of basal cell carcinomas and jaw cysts occur in over 90% of patients by 40 years of age, but may both occur before 10 years of age. Less well described complications are ovarian calcification or fibroma (24%), medulloblastoma (5%), cardiac fibroma (3%), cleft palate (5%), and ophthalmic abnormalities such as squint or cataract (26%). This study more clearly defines the possible complications of the syndrome and gives clearer guidelines for counselling and screening affected and at risk persons.
A shared model of intentions for Free Flight (2002)

This paper describes a research program that validates a real-time model of multi-agent shared intentions in a set of manned Free Flight air operations scenarios performed in a high-fidelity, multi-agent simulator system. The shared model of intentions is based on the OPAL software system previously developed by Applied Systems Intelligence, Inc. The validation was conducted as a series of manned simulation tests performed at the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University's Airways Simulation Laboratory. The results identify accuracy and granularity requirements for the use of shared models of intention as a basis for early conflict detection and resolution in Free Flight operations.