gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of nickel(II) and cobalt(III) and other metal ions on the racemization of free and bound L-alanine (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe effect of nickel(II) and cobalt(III) and other metal ions on the racemization of free and bound L-alanineGrant Gill Smith, Awni Khatib, and G. Sudhakar ReddyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 2, 293–295Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00340a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00340a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Induction of Neuronal Differentiation by a Peptide Corresponding to the Homophilic Binding Site of the Second Ig Module of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (2002)

NCAM plays a key role in neural development and plasticity-mediating cell adhesion and differentiation mainly through homophilic binding. Until recently, attempts to modulate neuronal differentiation and plasticity through NCAM have been impeded by the absence of small synthetic agonists mimicking homophilic interactions of NCAM. We show here that a peptide, P2, corresponding to a 12-amino acid sequence localized in the FG loop of the second Ig module of NCAM, binds to the first Ig module, which is the natural binding partner of the second Ig module, with an apparent K(d) of 4.7 +/- 0.9 x 10(-6) m. P2 inhibits cell aggregation and induces neurite outgrowth from hippocampal neurons, maximal neuritogenic effect being obtained at a concentration of 0.8 microm. The neuritogenic effect was inhibited by preincubation of P2 with the recombinant NCAM-IgI. Both the length of P2 and the basic amino acid residues at the N and C termini are important for its neuritogenic activity. Treatment of hippocampal cultures with P2 results in induction of phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2. Thus, P2 is a potent mimetic of NCAM, and therefore, an attractive compound for the development of drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Differential Hypoglycemic Effect of 2,5-Anhydro-D-Mannitol, a Putative Gluconeogenesis Inhibitor, in Genetically Diabetic (db/db) and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice (1994)

2,5-Anhydro-D-mannitol (AM), a putative gluconeogenesis inhibitor, completely reversed the hyperglycemia in genetically diabetic (db/db) mice that exhibited hyperinsulinemia and enhanced hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme (glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (F-1,6-DPase)) activities compared with the control +/+ mice. In contrast, AM only partially reversed the hyperglycemia of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated +/+ mice in which the hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme activities were enhanced to the same degree as in the db/db mice, whereas the blood insulin level was depressed. In the db/db mice, the STZ-treatment attenuated the hyperinsulinemia and exaggerated the hyperglycemia as well as the hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme activities, and it greatly reduced the hypoglycemic action of AM. Not only the dose-response curve of AM but also the time-course of the blood glucose level (expressed as % of pre-treatment value) following 320 mg/kg of AM were almost identical between +/+, STZ-treated +/+ and STZ-treated db/db mice. In the STZ-treated +/+ mice, a combination treatment of insulin (320 micrograms/kg) with AM (320 mg/kg) caused hypoglycemia that was greater than that induced by AM or insulin alone. On the other hand, in vitro studies with purified F-1,6-DPase revealed that phosphorylated AM (AM-1,6-diphosphate) but not AM itself inhibited the gluconeogenic enzyme activities. These results suggest that inhibition of gluconeogenesis is responsible, at least in part, for the hypoglycemic activity of AM. AM appears to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenic enzyme activities after being phosphorylated by an insulin-dependent mechanism.
A water-soluble cholesteryl-containing Tris-galactoside: synthesis, properties, and use in directing lipid-containing particles to the liver (1984)

The synthesis of a trisgalactoside-terminated cholesterol derivative is described. Tris(galactosyloxymethyl)-aminomethane is coupled to cholesterol by using glycyl and succinyl as intermediate hydrophilic spacer moieties. The resulting cholesteryl ester dissolves easily in water, forming monodisperse micelles. When added to dispersions of liposomes or plasma lipoproteins in water, the substance becomes incorporated rapidly into these structures, causing an increase of their buoyant density. Liposomes or low-density lipoproteins, preloaded with the substance, are rapidly cleared from the circulation and taken up by the liver after intravenous injection in rats. This uptake is inhibited by N-acetylgalactosamine but not by N-acetylglucosamine, indicating the specificity of this process.
IDH1andIDH2Mutations in Tumorigenesis: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Perspectives (2012)

Genes encoding for isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2, IDH1 and IDH2, are frequently mutated in multiple types of human cancer. Mutations targeting IDH1 and IDH2 result in simultaneous loss of their normal catalytic activity, the production of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), and gain of a new function, the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). 2-HG is structurally similar to α-KG, and acts as an α-KG antagonist to competitively inhibit multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases, including both lysine histone demethylases and the ten-eleven translocation family of DNA hydroxylases. Abnormal histone and DNA methylation are emerging as a common feature of tumors with IDH1 and IDH2 mutations and may cause altered stem cell differentiation and eventual tumorigenesis. Therapeutically, unique features of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations make them good biomarkers and potential drug targets.
Innate defences against viraemia (2000)

Human blood plasma has been reported to possess nonspecific antiviral activity. This activity is due to several preexisting naturally occurring molecules that are either active against individual members or a family of viruses. These molecules, however, have not been adequately studied to reveal their molecular structures and mechanisms of action presumably because of their low and nonspecific antiviral action. Therefore, their possible role against viraemia remains unknown. Recently, two naturally occurring nonspecific broad-spectrum antiviral agents, University of Texas Inhibitor beta (UTIbeta) glycoprotein and high density lipoprotein, have been described in human serum. They are active against DNA and RNA viruses and one of them, UTIbeta, possesses significant antiviral activity of 40 units/mL. Since preexisting antiviral molecules in serum appear to be the only defence mechanisms available at the onset of viral infection they may have protective significance against viraemia. In view of this potential, we have undertaken to review the properties of these innate viral inhibitory molecules.
Human 92- and 72-kilodalton type IV collagenases are elastases. (1991)

Elastin is critical to the structural integrity of a variety of connective tissues. Only a select group of enzymes has thus far been identified capable of cleaving insoluble elastin. Recently, we observed that human alveolar macrophages secrete elastase activity that is largely inhibited by the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP). This finding suggested that one or more of the metalloproteinases released by alveolar macrophages has elastase activity. Accordingly, we tested pure human interstitial collagenase, stromelysin, 92-kDa type IV collagenase, and 72-kDa type IV collagenase for elastolytic activity using kappa-elastin zymography and insoluble 3H-labeled elastin. The 92- and 72-kDa type IV collagenases were found to be elastolytic in both assay systems. A recombinant preparation of 92-kDa type IV collagenase with gelatinolytic activity was also found to be elastolytic. Organomercurial activation was essential to detect elastolytic activity of the native 92- and 72-kDa type IV collagenases and enhanced the elastase activity of the recombinant 92-kDa enzyme. On a molar basis the recombinant 92-kDa type IV collagenase was approximately 30% as active as human leukocyte elastase in solubilizing 3H-labeled elastin. Exogenously added TIMP in significant molar excess abolished the elastase activity of the 92- and 72-kDa type IV collagenases. Stromelysin and interstitial collagenase showed no significant elastolytic activity, although both were catalytically active against susceptible substrates. Conditioned media from cultures of human mononuclear phagocytes containing the 92-kDa enzyme produced a distinct zone of lysis in the kappa-elastin zymograms at this molecular mass. These results definitively extend the spectrum of human proteinases with elastolytic activity to metalloproteinases and suggest the enzymatic basis for elastase activity observed with certain cell types such as human alveolar macrophages.
Spelling correction in user interfaces (1983)

The feasibility of providing a spelling corrector as a part of interactive user interfaces is demonstrated. The issues involved in using spelling correction in a user interface are examined, and a simple correction algorithm is described. The results of an experiment in which the corrector is incorporated into a heavily used interactive program are described. More than one quarter of the errors made by users during the experiment were corrected using the simple mechanisms presented here. From this we have concluded that there are considerable benefits and few obstacles to providing a spelling corrector in almost any interactive user interface.
Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgical Assistive Instrument for Accurate Remnant Stomach Volume (2010)

Sleeve gastrectomy, which is based on reducing the size of the stomach, is one of the most successful bariatric surgeries and is yet to be standardized. One of the reasons is the lack of a method to obtain an accurate remnant stomach volume. The weight loss obtained postsurgery is highly correlated with the remnant stomach volume. Therefore, it is important to get consistently an accurate remnant stomach volume to be able to compare sleeve gastrectomy with other surgeries and in order to predict the weight loss. In addition, the measurement of the pyloric pressure is important for understanding the mechanism of weight loss and predicting complication postsurgery. A surgical assistive device for sleeve gastrectomy surgery is presented in this paper. The purpose of this instrument is to assist surgeons in obtaining an accurate remnant stomach volume and in measuring the pyloric pressure. The device consists of several inflatable compartments controllable by the surgeon. Prototype laboratory test results gave an accuracy of 96.7% and a repeatability of 97.6% for different desired volumes using air for compartment inflation, and an accuracy of 96.3% and a repeatability of 98.4% for different desired volumes using water for compartment inflation. The pressure measurement accuracies obtained are 96.8% using air and 99.7% using water. It is worth noting that these accuracies are expected to differ when the device is tested in vivo.
Cutting Edge: Programmed Death-1 Expression Is Increased on Immunocytes in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus and Predicts Failure of Response to Antiviral Therapy: Race-Dependent Differences (2008)

Up-regulation of programmed death-1 (PD-1) identifies exhausted T cells in various mouse and human viral models including chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, which is characterized by impaired CTL function. A large proportion of patients fail to eradicate HCV with current IFN-based antiviral therapy; in particular, African Americans are less likely to respond, but the mechanisms for these differences are not fully elucidated. In this study, in 72 treatment-naive patients with persistent HCV we found that PD-1 was significantly up-regulated on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, HCV-specific CTLs, and NK cells. Increased PD-1 on HCV-specific CTLs was significantly associated with failed early and sustained virologic response to therapy in African American but not Caucasian American patients. Patients with sustained virologic response showed decreases in PD-1 on total CD4(+) T cells, HCV-specific CTLs, and the CD56(bright) NK subset after therapy completion. Collectively, these data indicate that PD-1 is critical in persistent HCV and successful therapy results in global down-regulation of its expression.
A Data and Query Model for Dynamic Playlist Generation (2007)

Motivated by the increasing amount of digital music on the WWW, this paper presents a data and query model for dynamic playlist generation. Queries are continuous, i.e., songs are retrieved one at a time, allowing the user to dynamically influence the retrieval. The model can support arbitrary similarity measures, requiring only the identity properly of the metric space to be obeyed. Using the similarity measure, we are able to retrieve songs similar to a given seed song and avoid retrieval of songs similar to disliked songs. Additionally, the model allows combined querying on both music metadata and musical content. Vie model has been implemented in a prototype system that is able to support a very large number of both songs and simultaneous users.
Motion of Electrons and Holes in Perturbed Periodic Fields (1955)

A new method of developing an "effective-mass" equation for electrons moving in a perturbed periodic structure is discussed. This method is particularly adapted to such problems as arise in connection with impurity states and cyclotron resonance in semiconductors such as Si and Ge. The resulting theory generalizes the usual effective-mass treatment to the case where a band minimum is not at the center of the Brillouin zone, and also to the case where the band is degenerate. The latter is particularly striking, the usual Wannier equation being replaced by a set of coupled differential equations.
Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology (2012)

The combination of electrodeposition and polymeric templates created by heavy-ion irradiation followed by chemical track etching provides a large variety of poly- and single-crystalline nanowires of controlled size, geometry, composition, and surface morphology. Recent results obtained by our group on the fabrication, characterization and size-dependent properties of nanowires synthesized by this technique are reviewed, including investigations on electrical resistivity, surface plasmon resonances, and thermal instability.
Factor V: a combination of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (2002)

The desirable process of hemostasis and the undesirable phenomena of thromboses are unequivocally consequences of the generation of thrombin by the prothrombinase complex. This stoichiometric complex of factor Xa and factor Va assembled on a platelet membrane converts membrane-bound prothrombin into
The LEC11 Chinese hamster ovary mutant synthesizes N-linked carbohydrates containing sialylated, fucosylated lactosamine units. Analysis by one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. (1988)

Glycoproteins synthesized by the Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants LEC11 and LEC12 carry the Lex determinant (Gal beta 1,4(Fuc alpha 1,3)GlcNAc), while those synthesized by LEC11 cells also carry the sialyl-Lex determinant (NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal beta 1,4(Fuc alpha 1,3)GlcNAc), and both mutants have been shown to possess a distinct alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase of the appropriate specificity to synthesize these determinants (Campbell, C., and Stanley, P. (1983) Cell 35, 303-309; Campbell, C., and Stanley, P. (1984), J. Biol. Chem. 259, 11208-11214; Howard, D. R., Fukuda, M., Fukuda, M. N., and Stanley, P. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 16830-16837). The LEC11 cells therefore provide a source of carbohydrates terminating in sialylated, fucosylated lactosamine, a relatively rare structure not previously characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy when in association with an N-linked carbohydrate. In this paper we use a monoclonal antibody specific for Lex to show that the G glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) grown in LEC11 and LEC12 cells possesses the Lex determinant and that G from LEC11/VSV also possesses sialylated Lex. Biantennary carbohydrates purified from LEC11/VSV and LEC12/VSV were therefore used to examine the effects on the 1H NMR spectrum of the presence of alpha(1,3)-fucose residues on sialylated and unsialylated lactosamine units. Comparisons of one-dimensional spectra obtained at 500 MHz from LEC11/VSV and LEC12/VSV glycopeptides before and after neuraminidase treatment with spectra of biantennary carbohydrates lacking alpha(1,3)-fucose allowed the assignment of several new resonances. Resolution of certain signals and determinations of coupling constants were achieved by two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (COSY) at 400 MHz and allowed the assignment of several more resonances in the one-dimensional spectrum.
Locoregional Relapse and Distant Metastasis in Conservatively Managed Triple Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2006)

Patients classified as triple negative have a poor prognosis. However, there was no evidence that these patients are at higher risk for local relapse after conservative surgery and radiation. Patients with BRCA1 mutations develop predominantly triple negative tumors.
Site-Specific Protein Immobilization by Staudinger Ligation (2003)

The Staudinger ligation between an azido-protein and a phosphinothioester-derivatized surface is demonstrated to be an effective means for the site-specific, covalent immobilization of a protein. Immobilization yields of >50% are obtained in <1 min, and immobilized proteins have >80% of their expected activity. No other method enables more rapid immobilization or a higher yield of active protein. Because azido-peptides and azido-proteins are readily attainable by synthesis, biosynthesis, or semisynthesis, the Staudinger ligation could be of unsurpassed utility in creating microarrays of functional peptides and proteins.
Construction, replication, and immunogenic properties of a simian immunodeficiency virus expressing interleukin-2 (1997)

To study the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication, pathogenesis, and immunogenicity, we replaced the nef gene of SIVmac239 by the IL-2 coding region. The virus, designated SIV-IL2, stably expressed high levels of IL-2 in cell culture. In comparison to SIVmac239, SIV-IL2 replicated more efficiently in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the absence of exogenously added IL-2. To determine whether this growth advantage would be of relevance in vivo, four juvenile rhesus monkeys were infected with SIV-IL2 and four monkeys were infected with a nef deletion mutant of SIV (SIVdeltaNU). After a peak in the cell-associated viral load 2 weeks postinfection, the viruses could barely be isolated 3 to 7 months postinfection. Mean capsid antigen levels were higher in the SIV-IL2 group than in the nef deletion group 2 weeks postinfection. Viruses reisolated from the SIV-IL2-infected animals expressed high levels of IL-2 during the acute phase of infection. Deletions in the IL-2 coding region of SIV-IL2 were observed in two of the SIV-IL2-infected macaques 3 months postinfection. Urinary neopterin levels, a marker for unspecific immune stimulation, were higher in the SIV-IL2-infected macaques than in SIVdeltaNU-infected animals during the acute phase of infection. The SIV-specific T-cell-proliferative response and antibody titers were similar in both groups. Cytotoxic T cells directed against viral antigens were detected in all SIV-IL2-infected macaques and in two of the SIVdeltaNU-infected animals. Expression of IL-2 did not seem to alter the attenuated phenotype of nef deletion mutants fundamentally, although there might have been a slight increase in virus replication and immune stimulation during the acute phase of infection. Deletion of the viral IL-2 gene 3 months postinfection could be a consequence of a selective disadvantage due to local coexpression of viral antigen and IL-2 in the presence of an antiviral immune response.
Do Female Sex Steroids Adversely or Beneficially Affect the Depressed Immune Responses in Males After Trauma-Hemorrhage? (2000)

Since administration of a single dose of 17beta-estradiol in males after trauma-hemorrhage restores the immune functions and decreases circulating levels of IL-6, hormones with estrogenic properties should be considered as safe and novel therapeutic agents for restoring the immune responsiveness in male trauma victims.
Performance of super-critical strained-si directly on insulator (SC-SSOI) CMOS based on high-performance PD-SOI technology (2005)

This paper describes the performance of multiple-V/sub T/, Triple-gate oxide SC-SSOI CMOS realized with Freescale's high-performance silicon-on-insulator (HiPerMOS-SOI) and SOITEC's advanced wafer-bonding technology. The thermal stability of wafer-bonded strained substrate, the beneficial impact of biaxial strain on gate-leakage and SC-SSOI enhanced SRAM bitcell operation are demonstrated for the first time. In-addition, the important scaling issues due to parasitic resistance and channel strain engineering are identified.