gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and role of Foxa proteins in prostate cancer (2005)

The molecular mechanism(s) for prostate cancer progression to androgen independence are poorly understood. We have recently shown that Foxa1 and Foxa2 proteins are differentially expressed in epithelial cells during murine prostate development, growth, and adult function. Currently, the role of Foxa proteins in prostate cancer development and progression is unknown. Foxa protein expression was investigated in the LPB-Tag LADY mouse prostate cancer models, in human prostate cancer specimens, and various prostate cancer cell lines using Western blot and immunostaining analysis. In vitro transient transfection, studies were performed to investigate Foxa/prostate-specific gene regulation. Foxa1 was strongly expressed in areas of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in both the androgen dependent 12T-7f and in the metastatic, androgen independent 12T-10 LADY models. Prominent Foxa1 and Foxa2 expression was observed in 12T-10 invasive undifferentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, in the hormone independent and metastasizing 12T-10 derived, NE-10 allograft tumors, and in all metastatic lesions isolated from 12T-10 mice. Foxa1 protein expression was always observed in human prostate carcinomas, regardless of Gleason grade score, while Foxa2 was only detected in neuroendocrine small cell carcinomas and in some high Gleason score adenocarcinomas. Foxa proteins were also differentially expressed in three prostate cancer cell lines. Importantly, in vitro functional assays demonstrated that Foxa2 could activate androgen-dependent prostate-specific genes in an androgen receptor and ligand-independent manner. These results suggest that Foxa proteins are important in prostate carcinogenesis. In particular, Foxa2 may be involved in progression of prostate cancer to androgen independence. As such, Foxa proteins may represent novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
Photophysics of quantized colloidal semiconductors. Dramatic luminescence enhancement by binding of simple amines (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotophysics of quantized colloidal semiconductors. Dramatic luminescence enhancement by binding of simple aminesT. Dannhauser, M. O'Neil, K. Johansson, D. Whitten, and G. McLendonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 23, 6074–6076Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100281a004https://doi.org/10.1021/j100281a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views832Altmetric-Citations261LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Polyomavirus major capsid protein VP1 is capable of packaging cellular DNA when expressed in the baculovirus system (1997)

Using the p2Bac dual multiple cloning site transfer vector, the polyomavirus major capsid protein gene VP1 was cloned for expression in the baculovirus-insect cell expression system. The 5-day-infected cellular lysate from this recombinant preparation was purified by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. Capsid-like particles were observed in the resulting preparation. The purified particle preparation was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was shown to have accurately expressed the polyomavirus VP1 protein as cloned. It was found that the preparation revealed the presence of host histones in the stained gels, which is indicative of DNA packaging. To determine if cellular DNA was being packaged in the particles, Sf9 insect cells were prelabeled with [3H] thymidine. The label was removed, and the cells were subsequently infected with a recombinant Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) carrying the polyomavirus VP1 gene. Upon purification through three cesium chloride gradients and DNase I treatment, capsid-like particles, containing [3H]thymidine-labeled DNA, were isolated which were found to coincide with hemagglutination activity. Studies have indicated that the AcMNPV appears to have the ability to fragment Sf9 cellular DNA. When infected with the recombinant AcMNPV carrying the VP1 gene of polyomavirus, these host DNA fragments are being packaged by the VPI major capsid protein; further, these DNA fragments have been shown to be approximately 5 kb in size, which corresponds to the size of the native polyomavirus genome. These studies demonstrate that the recombinant polyomavirus VP1 protein has the ability to package DNA in the absence of the minor structural proteins VP2 and VP3 and independently of the polyomavirus T antigens.
Un Estudio Comparativo De La Forma "Cero" De Tema En El Discurso Del Castellano Y Del Mandarin (1991)

依世界語言的詞法類型來說，西班牙文的字詞、詞尾是有變化的，每個動詞字尾都依人稱的不同而改變，同時，由形容文詞和名詞的字尾變化亦可辨別出陰陽性和單複數的差異。然而，中文並非如此，中文是一種沒有字詞、詞尾變化的語言。所以，西班牙文裏，可說“（我）說西班牙文”，“（你）說西班牙文”，“（他）說西班文”等。每句話的主詞均可被省略。但以中文而言，這些句子的主詞卻無法省略，如果主詞被省略了，聽者或讀者將無法了解“誰”究竟是屢行該動作的人了。 就此中西兩語言的不同，此研究報告以哥斯大黎加和我中國民間故事各八篇為研究資料來源，探討比較西班牙文和中文文章結構中各句子主詞的出現形成。 此報告中第一部份是有關“主詞”的定義及其鄉言學觀點上的一些重要性。第二部份則專注於西班牙文和中文文章結構中句子主詞的省略之比較。 最後，將介紹本文的結論，即是西班牙文和中文句子主詞在文章結構中被省略的比率相當。但兩語言省略主詞的必要條件不同；以中文而言，主詞被省略時該主詞的先行詞必須緊接在省略詞（o）之前。如此，每一位懂中文的讀者或聽者由先行詞來理解該主詞略詞所指的對象。然而，西班牙文的句子主詞被省略時，其先行詞可不必緊接在省略詞之前，因為西班牙文的讀者或聽者可藉著字詞、詞尾變化來判斷該略詞的指向。
Manipulating the Quantum State of an Electrical Circuit (2002)

We have designed and operated a superconducting tunnel junction circuit that behaves as a two-level atom: the "quantronium." An arbitrary evolution of its quantum state can be programmed with a series of microwave pulses, and a projective measurement of the state can be performed by a pulsed readout subcircuit. The measured quality factor of quantum coherence Qphi approximately 25,000 is sufficiently high that a solid-state quantum processor based on this type of circuit can be envisioned.
On the potassium conductance increase activated by GABAB and dopamine D2 receptors in rat substantia nigra neurones. (1988)

1. Intracellular recordings were made from 193 substantia nigra zona compacta neurones in slices of rat mesencephalon. All cells were hyperpolarized by baclofen; this was accompanied by a fall in input resistance. Cells voltage clamped at -60 mV showed an outward current associated with a conductance increase in response to baclofen. The baclofen effects were concentration dependent (effective range 0.3-30 microM); the concentration producing half the maximal effect was 1.5 microM. (-)-Baclofen was 300-700 times more potent than (+)-baclofen. 2. The potential change or membrane current caused by baclofen reversed polarity at -108.8 +/- 1.1 mV (n = 10) when the potassium ion concentration was 2.5 mM, -96.0 +/- 2.8 mV (n = 3) in 4.5 mM-potassium and -76.6 +/- 1.7 mV (n = 5) in 10.5 mM-potassium. The relationship between reversal potential and potassium concentration conformed to the Nernst equation. 3. Dopamine was also applied to 119 of these neurones; all exhibited either a hyperpolarization or an outward current. 4. Baclofen and dopamine outward currents were reduced reversibly by barium (100-300 microM) and tetraethylammonium (10 mM). Superfusion for 5-10 min with solutions presumed to block calcium currents reduced, but did not abolish, responses to baclofen. The effect of baclofen persisted in tetrodotoxin (1 microM). 5. Superfusion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 0.3-3 mM) caused either membrane depolarization or hyperpolarization, accompanied by a fall in input resistance. The depolarization was mimicked by muscimol (10 microM) and blocked by bicuculline methiodide (10-100 microM); the hyperpolarization was resistant to bicuculline. Nipecotic acid (500 microM) enhanced the effect of GABA, but was without effect upon the actions of muscimol and baclofen. 6. The effect of dopamine was enhanced by cocaine (10 microM) and antagonized by (-)-sulpiride (0.1-1 microM), whereas the actions of baclofen were unaffected by cocaine or (-)-sulpiride. The maximum outward current produced by dopamine was approximately half that produced by baclofen. 7. Outward currents produced by dopamine were reversibly occluded by maximal outward currents caused by baclofen. 8. Baclofen and dopamine hyperpolarizations were unaffected by intracerebroventricular injection of animals with pertussis toxin. 9. Cells impaled with electrodes containing guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (1 mM) were hyperpolarized by both baclofen and dopamine, but the membrane potential did not fully return to its original level when agonist application was discontinued. 10. It is concluded that activation of both dopamine D2 and GABAB receptors may increase the same potassium conductance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Performance Characteristics of an Eight-Ring Whole Body PET Scanner (1990)

The technical characteristics of the multislice whole-body positron emission tomographic scanner (model PC4096-15WB Scanditronix) and its performance parameters are described. Spatial resolution at the center of the field of view was found to be 4.9 mm in-plane and 4.6 mm (cross slices) and 6.0 mm (direct slices) in the axial direction. The sensitivity for true and scattered coincidences is approximately 5,000 cps for direct slices and 7,100 cps for cross slices. At an activity concentration of 37 kBq/ml the system deadtime was approximately 5%. By measuring a uniform phantom with a cold cylindrical insert (5.0 cm diameter), the scatter fraction was found to be approximately 5%. The mean global uniformity over all 15 slices was 6.5%, whereas the local uniformity was found to be 4.3%. No systematic nonuniformities were observed. Finally, various methods for attenuation correction (transmission scan, contour finding, ellipse) were utilized to test their effects on the resulting reconstructed images.
New FPGA architecture for bit-serial pipeline datapath (2002)

In this paper, we present our work on the design of a new FPGA architecture targeted for high-performance bit-serial pipeline datapath. Bit-parallel systems introduce large routing area overhead which is especially critical in using FPGAs, where the device utilization, and operation frequency become low because of large routing penalty. Here we propose a new FPGA architecture for high-performance bit-serial pipeline datapaths, which are very efficient in routing. Also, we refine our LUT architecture in order to efficiently implement shift registers which are required in large numbers in some bit-serial designs. Modified lookup table have two modes, combinatorial logic and shift register. Bit-serial datapath can be implemented on less number of CLBs.
Dark matter inverse problem: Extracting particle physics from scattering events (2012)

The primary observable in dark matter direct detection is the spectrum of scattering events. We simulate multiple positive direct detection signals (on germanium, xenon, and argon targets) to explore the extent to which the underlying particle physics, manifested in the momentum dependence of the operator mediating the scattering, can be extracted. Taking into account realization (Poisson) noise, a single target nucleus with 300 events has limited power to discriminate operators with momentum dependence differing by ${q}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2}$ for a wide range of dark matter masses from 10 GeV to 1 TeV. With the inclusion of multiple targets (or a factor of several more events on a single target), the discrimination of operators with different momentum dependence becomes very strong at the 95% confidence level for dark matter candidates of mass 50 GeV and above. On the other hand, operator discrimination remains poor for 10 GeV candidates until multiple experiments each collect 1000 or more events.
Localization of Sialidase in the Plasma Membrane of Rat Liver Cells (1972)

Abstract Sialidase activity towards ganglioside substrate, including hematoside, paralleled activity of 5'-nucleotidase and was found to be enriched in the plasma membrane fractions (Touster, O., Aronson, N. N., Jr., Dulaney, J. T., and Hendrickson, M. (1970) J. Cell. Biol. 47, 604) prepared from rat liver cells. Lesser sialidase activity towards ganglioside substrate was found in fractions (Leighton, F., Poole, B., Beaufay, H., Baudhuin, P., Coffey, J. W., Fowler, S., and deDuve, C. (1968) J. Cell. Biol. 37, 482) containing the lysosomal marker, acid phosphatase. Concentration of gangliosides, and total bound sialic acid per mg of protein, also paralleled the plasma membrane marker, 5'-nucleotidase. Subcellular fractions were prepared from rat liver cells by a recently developed procedure (Touster et al.) which favors the isolation of the plasma membrane fraction, and by an independent method (Leighton et al.) favoring the isolation of lysosomes. These findings indicate that a major fraction of sialidase with activity towards ganglioside substrate is localized in the plasma membrane of the liver cell, and that ganglioside substrate is also localized in this cellular structure.
An Implantable Pressure Sensor Cuff for Tonometric Blood Pressure Measurement (1998)

This paper presents an implantable capacitive pressure sensor cuff for tonometric blood pressure measurement in unrestrained animals. A new structure and fabrication process have been developed which produce a flat surface necessary for tonometric pressure measurement. An array of three capacitive sensors is used to increase signal output and improve stability. A custom switched-capacitor CMOS interface circuit is used to measure changes in capacitance. In-vitro calibration tests have been performed on the complete cuff using a fluid-filled silastic tube to mimic a pliable blood vessel. A sensitivity of 2mV/mmHg@ IO0mmHg and a resolution of 0.5mmHg (based on lmV RMS interface chip noise floor) has been obtained. The cuff system measures 10mmx6.5mmx3mm.
VEGF Trap induces antiglioma effect at different stages of disease (2008)

Pathological angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer, specifically of glioblastomas, the most malignant and common primary brain tumor. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the key protein in the regulation of the hypervascular phenotype of primary malignant brain tumors. In this study, we tested VEGF Trap, a soluble decoy receptor for VEGF, in an intracranial glioma model. VEGF Trap was administered in short or prolonged schedules to animals bearing human gliomas at different stages of disease. Of importance, VEGF Trap treatment was efficacious in both initial and advanced phases of tumor development by significantly increasing overall survival. Furthermore, this effect was enhanced in animals treated with more prolonged regimens. In addition, we observed the emergence of a VEGF Trap-resistant phenotype characterized by tumor growth and increased invasiveness. Our results suggest that VEGF Trap will be effective in treating both patients with recurrent or progressive resectable glioblastoma and patients that have undergone extensive initial surgery. Finally, our results indicate that the clinical success of VEGF Trap may depend on a prolonged treatment in combined therapy aiming to simultaneously inhibit angiogenesis and tumor invasion.
Competitivity in Auction Markets: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation (1995)

We report successive rounds of theory and laboratory experiment investigating price-taking behaviour and market efficiency. We focus on the impact of structural parameters as well as trading institution. The structural parameters involve non-competitive supply and demand, and a new odd-lot trading procedure for divisible goods. The trading institutions include the continuous double auction and the one-shot clearinghouse as well as a new quantities-only clearinghouse (CHQ) institution. We present and justify an as-if complete information theory which explains the competitive outcomes and which correctly predicts highly non-competitive outcomes in CHQ markets.
Requirement for the ERI/DICER Complex in Endogenous RNA Interference and Sperm Development in Caenorhabditis elegans (2009)

Small regulatory RNAs are key regulators of gene expression. One class of small regulatory RNAs, termed the endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo siRNAs), is thought to negatively regulate cellular transcripts via an RNA interference (RNAi)-like mechanism termed endogenous RNAi (endo RNAi). A complex of proteins composed of ERI-1/3/5, RRF-3, and DICER (the ERI/DICER complex) mediates endo RNAi processes in Caenorhabditis elegans. We conducted a genetic screen to identify additional components of the endo RNAi machinery. Our screen recovered alleles of eri-9, which encodes a novel DICER-interacting protein, and a missense mutation within the helicase domain of DICER [DCR-1(G492R)]. ERI-9(-) and DCR-1(G492) animals exhibit defects in endo siRNA expression and a concomitant failure to regulate mRNAs that exhibit sequence homology to these endo siRNAs, indicating that ERI-9 and the DCR-1 helicase domain function in the C. elegans endo RNAi pathway. We define a subset of Eri mutant animals (including eri-1, rrf-3, eri-3, and dcr-1, but not eri-9 or ergo-1) that exhibit temperature-sensitive, sperm-specific sterility and defects in X chromosome segregation. Among these mutants we find multiple aberrations in sperm development beginning with cytokinesis and extending through terminal differentiation. These results identify novel components of the endo RNAi machinery, demonstrate differential requirements for the Eri factors in the sperm-producing germline, and begin to delineate the functional requirement for the ERI/DICER complex in sperm development.
Biocide susceptibility of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (2009)

Bcc bacteria are resistant to a wide range of biocides and further representatives of this group should be included as reference strains in the development of new anti-infectives and commercial formulations.
Cuphea: A new plant source of medium‐chain fatty acids (1989)

The plant genus Cuphea (family Lythraceae) promises to provide a new source of industrially and nutritionally important medium-chain fatty acids, especially of lauric acid now supplied exclusively by coconut and palm kernel oils from foreign sources. The seed lipids of Cuphea were first discovered in the 1960s to contain high percentages of several medium-chain fatty acids, including caprylic, capric, lauric, and myristic acid. Research is still in the early stages, but it is intensifying toward the goal of developing the genus into a new temperate climate crop for production of specialty oils. Given the diversity of Cuphea seed lipid composition and the wide ecological and distributional range of the genus, it may be possible to tailor crops to produce selected fatty acids on demand under a variety of growing conditions. Cuphea comprises about 260 species, most native to the New World tropics. Its morphology, classification, chromosome numbers, distribution, ecology, and folk uses are presented. Seed structure is described and seed lipid composition for 73 species is summarized. Problems in domestication and agronomic progress are reviewed. Knowledge of the biosynthetic mechanism controlling the lipids produced by Cuphea remains very limited. Future research in this area, and particularly successful employment of gene transfer techniques, may allow genes controlling the mechanism to be transferred to an already established seed oil producer such as rapeseed. Presently, both traditional plant breeding techniques and newer biotechnological methods are directed toward Cuphea oilseed development.
Inhibition of Protein Kinase Cα by Dequalinium Analogues:  Dependence on Linker Length and Geometry (2000)

Analogues of a bipartite compound, dequalinium (DECA) (quinolinium, 1,1'-(1,10-decanediyl)bis(4-amino-2-methyl diiodide)), were tested for inhibition of protein kinase C(alpha) (PKC(alpha)). In vitro assays of monomeric and dimeric analogues support a model in which DECA inhibits PKC(alpha) by an obligatory two-point contact, a unique mechanism among PKC inhibitors. The presence of unsaturation in the center of the C(10)-alkyl linker produced geometric isomers with different inhibitory potencies: cis IC(50) = 52 +/- 12 microM and trans IC(50) = 12 +/- 3 microM, where the trans isomer was equipotent to that of the saturated C(10)-DECA. DECA analogues with longer, saturated linkers (C(12), C(14), or C(16)) exhibited enhanced inhibitory potencies which reached a plateau with the C(14)-linker (IC(50) = 2.6 +/- 0.2 microM). Metastatic melanoma cells treated with 250 nM C(12)-, C(14)-, or C(16)-DECA and irradiated with long-wave UV light (which causes irreversible inhibition of PKC(alpha) by DECA) confirmed the linker-dependent inhibition of intracellular PKC(alpha) activity.
Molecular analysis of the 60-kDa human Ro ribonucleoprotein. (1988)

Ro, or Sjogren syndrome type A (SS-A), antigen is the most prevalent of the human systemic autoimmune specificities and exists as an inabundant ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) composed of a 60,649-Da protein, as defined here by cDNA cloning, and the human Y RNAs. The recombinant 60-kDa Ro protein and human Y1 RNA were reconstituted in vitro, and the binding was enhanced by divalent cations. A region of the Ro amino acid sequence revealed a resemblance to the RNP consensus motif found in most RNA-binding proteins. In addition, Ro contained a potential "zinc-binding finger" motif that was distinct from the RNP consensus region and that may participate in the interaction with human Y RNAs or with other proteins. The recombinant Ro fusion protein also proved useful for the detection of autoantibodies in the sera of patients with autoimmune disorders. Possible functions of the Ro RNPs and their relationship to RNA polymerase III transcription are discussed.
Experience with donors matched for minor blood group antigens in patients with sickle cell anemia who are receiving chronic transfusion therapy (1987)

Clinically significant alloimmunization to red cell antigens occurred in 28 percent of transfused patients in a sickle cell clinic. Therefore, a prospective study was undertaken to determine whether matching donors carefully for 17 blood group antigens would diminish the risk of further alloimmunization in patients on a chronic transfusion program. Alloantibodies had developed previously in 8 of the 12 patients. After chronic transfusion with selected donors, four new antibodies developed in three patients. Three antibodies were due to errors in phenotyping or matching, and one was due to an antigen that was not tested for in the protocol. The incidence of developing antibodies per unit transfused was diminished tenfold when selected donors were used. Autoantibodies developed in five patients (42%), but these did not seriously interfere with the transfusion therapy. It was concluded that matching for red cell antigens may diminish the incidence of alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell anemia requiring transfusion.