gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NLRC5 Controls Basal MHC Class I Gene Expression in an MHC Enhanceosome-Dependent Manner (2012)

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins play important roles in innate immune responses as pattern-recognition receptors. Although most NLR proteins act in cell autonomous immune pathways, some do not function as classical pattern-recognition receptors. One such NLR protein is the MHC class II transactivator, the master regulator of MHC class II gene transcription. In this article, we report that human NLRC5, which we recently showed to be involved in viral-mediated type I IFN responses, shuttles to the nucleus and activates MHC class I gene expression. Knockdown of NLRC5 in different human cell lines and primary dermal fibroblasts leads to reduced MHC class I expression, whereas introduction of NLRC5 into cell types with very low expression of MHC class I augments MHC class I expression to levels comparable to those found in lymphocytes. Expression of NLRC5 positively correlates with MHC class I expression in human tissues. Functionally, we show that both the N-terminal effector domain of NLRC5 and its C-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain are needed for activation of MHC class I expression. Moreover, nuclear shuttling and function depend on a functional Walker A motif. Finally, we identified a promoter sequence in the MHC class I promoter, the X1 box, to be involved in NLRC5-mediated MHC class I gene activation. Taken together, this suggested that NLRC5 acts in a manner similar to class II transactivator to drive MHC expression and revealed NLRC5 as an important regulator of basal MHC class I expression.
Software-based self-testing methodology for processor cores (2001)

At-speed testing of gigahertz processors using external testers may not be technically and economically feasible. Hence, there is an emerging need for low-cost high-quality self-test methodologies that can be used by processors to test themselves at-speed. Currently, built-in self-test (BIST) is the primary self-test methodology available. While memory BIST is commonly used for testing embedded memory cores, complex logic designs such as microprocessors are rarely tested with logic BIST. In this paper, we first analyze the issues associated with current hardware-based logic-BIST methodologies by applying a commercial logic-BIST tool to two processor cores. We then propose a new software-based self-testing methodology for processors, which uses a software tester embedded in the processor memory as a vehicle for applying structural tests. The software tester consists of programs for test generation and test application. Prior to the test, structural tests are prepared for processor components in the form of self-test signatures. During the process of self-test, the test generation program expands the self-test signatures into test sets and the test application program applies the tests to the components under test at the speed of the processor. Application of the novel software-based self-test method demonstrates its significant cost/fault coverage benefits and its ability to apply at-speed test while alleviating the need for high-speed testers.
An Electrically Calibrated Plethysmograph for Direct Measurement of Limb Blood Flow (1975)

This paper describes an electrically calibrated plethysmograph which may be used with all lengths of mercury-in-rubber strain gauges. Due to the very low resistance of these strain gauges, electrical calibration of previously available plethysmographs has suffered from errors caused by lead-wire resistance. The present instrument eliminates lead-wire errors by a design which effectively places the strain gauge at the corners of the measurement bridge. Linearity of the output for large changes in gauge resistance has been insured by the incorporation of a constant-current bridge supply.
A new biomarker for closed-loop deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus for patients with Parkinson's disease (2014)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become the standard treatment for advanced stages of Parkinson's disease and other motor disorders. Although the surgical procedure has gained in accuracy over the years thanks to imaging and microelectrode recordings, the underlying principles of DBS are still debated today. The lack of a clear measurable biomarker for the efficacy of the therapy has rendered efforts to design feedback-enabled stimulators difficult. Our most recent intra-operative recordings have unveiled a new biomarker based on stimulation induced evoked responses that could lead to a new approach to closing the loop and designing an adaptive deep brain stimulator.
A Comparative Analysis of the Phenotypic Characteristics of Available Fusion Partners for the Construction of Human Hybridomas (1983)

Of several human fusion partners available for the production of monoclonal antibodies, only SKO-007 and RPMI 8226 have phenotypic features characteristic for myeloma cells. Cells from both lines exhibited abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with a prominent Golgi apparatus, few free ribosomes, condensed nuclear chromatin, and absence of the Epstein-Barr virus determined nuclear antigen (EBNA). However, following prolonged passage of these lines, the amount of immunoglobulin (Ig) production has declined. The other cell lines, GM 1500 6TG-A11, KR-4, B6, HS-Sultan, and Raji possessed the phenotypic characteristics of B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and B-lymphomas including surface Ig expression, sparse RER, free polyribosomes, a poorly developed Golgi apparatus and strong EBNA expression. Accordingly, they secreted little (nanograms) or no Ig. However, hybrids constructed with two LCLs secrete very large amounts of Ig despite their expressed morphologic similarity to the parental lines. These data indicate that morphology can still be used as an important consideration in choosing a human fusion partner but other parameters such as fusion frequency, cloning efficiencies, and growth rates may be equally important.
Mineralogy and Petrology of Comet 81P/Wild 2 Nucleus Samples (2006)

The bulk of the comet 81P/Wild 2 (hereafter Wild 2) samples returned to Earth by the Stardust spacecraft appear to be weakly constructed mixtures of nanometer-scale grains, with occasional much larger (over 1 micrometer) ferromagnesian silicates, Fe-Ni sulfides, Fe-Ni metal, and accessory phases. The very wide range of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene compositions in comet Wild 2 requires a wide range of formation conditions, probably reflecting very different formation locations in the protoplanetary disk. The restricted compositional ranges of Fe-Ni sulfides, the wide range for silicates, and the absence of hydrous phases indicate that comet Wild 2 experienced little or no aqueous alteration. Less abundant Wild 2 materials include a refractory particle, whose presence appears to require radial transport in the early protoplanetary disk.
Sequential 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine-Depsipeptide FR901228 Treatment Induces Apoptosis Preferentially in Cancer Cells and Facilitates Their Recognition by Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Specific for NY-ESO-1 (2001)

Global alterations in chromatin structure profoundly influence gene expression in thoracic neoplasms, silencing tumor suppressors while facilitating the expression of various cancer testis antigens such as NY-ESO-1. Although recent studies have shown that histone deacetylase inhibitors can potentiate tumor suppressor gene induction mediated by demethylating agents in cancer cells, the ability of these agents to augment cancer testis antigen expression have not been fully defined. The authors designed the current study to determine whether the histone deacetylase inhibitor, depsipeptide FR901228 (DP), could enhance NY-ESO-1 induction mediated by the DNA demethylating agent 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) in cell lines established primarily from thoracic cancers. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that, under exposure conditions potentially achievable in clinical settings, DAC dramatically induced NY-ESO-1 expression in cultured cancer lines. DP alone mediated negligible target gene induction but significantly augmented DAC-mediated induction of NY-ESO-1. After DAC or sequential DAC-DP treatment, HLA-A*0201 cancer cells were recognized by an HLA-A*0201 CTL specific for NY-ESO-1. Although sequential DAC/DP exposure did not uniformly enhance immune recognition of target cells compared with DAC alone, this treatment mediated profound induction of apoptosis in cancer cells but not normal human bronchial epithelia. The apoptotic effects of DAC, DP, or sequential DAC-DP did not correlate in an obvious manner with histology, or the magnitude of NY-ESO-1 induction in cancer cells. Although the mechanisms have not been fully defined, sequential DAC-DP treatment may be a novel strategy to augment antitumor immunity in cancer patients.
The Migration of Human Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro Is Mediated by Plasminogen Activation and Can Be Inhibited by α2-Macroglobulin Receptor Associated Protein (1997)

The plasminogen activation system is thought to be important in cell migration processes. A role for this system during smooth muscle cell migration after vascular injury has been suggested from several animal studies. However, not much is known about its involvement in human vascular remodelling. We studied the involvement of the plasminogen activation system in human smooth muscle cell migration in more detail using an in vitro wound assay and a matrix invasion assay. Inhibition of plasmin activity or inhibition of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) activity resulted in approximately 40% reduction of migration after 24 h in the wound assay and an even stronger reduction (70-80%) in the matrix invasion assay. Migration of smooth muscle cells in the presence of inhibitory antibodies against tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) was not significantly reduced after 24 h, but after 48 h a 30% reduction of migration was observed, whereas in the matrix invasion assay a 50% reduction in invasion was observed already after 24 h. Prevention of the interaction of u-PA with cell surface receptors by addition of soluble u-PA receptor or alpha2-macroglobulin receptor associated protein (RAP) to the culture medium, resulted in a similar inhibition of migration and invasion. From these results it can be concluded that both u-PA and t-PA mediated plasminogen activation can contribute to in vitro human smooth muscle cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the interaction between u-PA and its cell surface receptor appears also to be involved in this migration and invasion process. The inhibitory effects on migration and invasion by the addition of RAP suggests an involvement of a RAP sensitive receptor of the LDL receptor family, possibly the LDL-receptor related protein (LRP) and/or the VLDL receptor.
An Efficient Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Malondiamides (2005)

A novel and straightforward solid-phase synthesis of malondiamides containing a free nitrogen has been developed. These intermediates, which can be directly obtained in good yield and purity, can be further derivatised. This approach can be used for the synthesis of large split-and-mix-libraries.
The Kinase Domain of Jak2 Mediates Induction of Bcl-2 and Delays Cell Death in Hematopoietic Cells (1997)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-3, and IL-5 stimulate DNA synthesis and proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in hematopoietic cells. Multiple signal pathways are activated by binding of these ligands to their receptors, which share a common beta subunit. Janus protein kinase 2 (Jak2) binds to the membrane proximal domain of the beta chain and is phosphorylated on receptor ligation. To explore the role of Jak2 in the regulation of specific signal transduction pathways, we constructed fusion proteins with a CD16 external domain, a CD7 transmembrane region, and a Jak2 cytoplasmic domain. This cytoplasmic domain consisted either of wild type Jak2 (CD16/Jak2-W) or Jak2 mutations with deletions of (a) the amino terminus (CD16/Jak2-N), (b) kinase-like domain (CD16/Jak2-B), (c) kinase domain (CD16/Jak2-C), or (d) amino-terminal and kinase-like domains, leaving the kinase domain (CD16/Jak-K) intact. In contrast to the CD16/Jak2-W fusion protein, which requires cross-linking for activation, CD16/Jak2-N, CD16/Jak2-B, and CD16/Jak2-K were constitutively phosphorylated, and they stimulated Shc phosphorylation and increased binding of STAT to DNA in Ba/F3 cells. Cell lines derived from IL-3-dependent Ba/F3 cells stably transfected with CD16/Jak2-W, CD16/Jak2-N, or CD16/Jak2-B mammalian expression vectors died at a rate similar to that of the parental cells on IL-3 deprivation. In contrast, CD16/Jak2-K cell lines exhibited increased expression of bcl-2 and pim-1 mRNA and maintained their viability when compared with control cell lines. Thus, activation of tyrosine phosphorylation by creating a CD16/Jak2-K fusion is sufficient to activate pathways that prevent cell death.
Singlet fission of hot excitons in π -conjugated polymers (2015)

We used steady-state photoinduced absorption (PA), excitation dependence (EXPA(ω)) spectrum of the triplet exciton PA band, and its magneto-PA (MPA(B)) response to investigate singlet fission (SF) of hot excitons into two separated triplet excitons, in two luminescent and non-luminescent π-conjugated polymers. From the high energy step in the triplet EXPA(ω) spectrum of the luminescent polymer poly(dioctyloxy)phenylenevinylene (DOO-PPV) films, we identified a hot-exciton SF (HE-SF) process having threshold energy at E≈2E(T) (=2.8 eV, where ET is the energy of the lowest lying triplet exciton), which is about 0.8 eV above the lowest singlet exciton energy. The HE-SF process was confirmed by the triplet MPA(B) response for excitation at E>2E(T), which shows typical SF response. This process is missing in DOO-PPV solution, showing that it is predominantly interchain in nature. By contrast, the triplet EXPA(ω) spectrum in the non-luminescent polymer polydiacetylene (PDA) is flat with an onset at E=E(g) (≈2.25 eV). From this, we infer that intrachain SF that involves a triplet-triplet pair state, also known as the 'dark' 2A(g) exciton, dominates the triplet photogeneration in PDA polymer as E(g)>2E(T). The intrachain SF process was also identified from the MPA(B) response of the triplet PA band in PDA. Our work shows that the SF process in π-conjugated polymers is a much more general process than thought previously.
Influence of Statistical Method Used on the Resulting Estimate of Normal Range (1971)

Abstract The choice of statistical method can greatly influence the calculated normal range apart from any biological or chemical considerations. Nonparametric normal range estimates are, for practical purposes, as accurate as estimates that assume the distribution of data to be gaussian or loggaussian when the distribution assumed is true. When data are not distributed as assumed, nonparametric estimates are more accurate.
Progress and hurdles in the development of influenza virus-like particle vaccines for veterinary use (2014)

Virus-like particles (VLPs), which resemble infectious virus particles in structure and morphology, have been proposed to provide a new generation of vaccine candidates against various viral infections. As effective immunogens, characterized by high immunogenicity and safety, VLPs have been employed in the development of human influenza vaccines. Recently, several influenza VLP vaccines have been developed for veterinary use and successfully evaluated in swine, canine, duck, and chicken models. These VLP vaccine candidates induced protective immune responses and enabled serological differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals in conjunction with a diagnostic test. Here, we review the current progress of influenza VLP development as a next-generation vaccine technology in the veterinary field and discuss the challenges and future direction of this technology.
Presenteeism in the workplace: A review and research agenda (2009)

Abstract Presenteeism refers to attending work while ill. Although it is a subject of intense interest to scholars in occupational medicine, relatively few organizational scholars are familiar with the concept. This article traces the development of interest in presenteeism, considers its various conceptualizations, and explains how presenteeism is typically measured. Organizational and occupational correlates of attending work when ill are reviewed, as are medical correlates of resulting productivity loss. It is argued that presenteeism has important implications for organizational theory and practice, and a research agenda for organizational scholars is presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Relief from intractable phantom pain by combining psilocybin and mirror visual-feedback (MVF) (2018)

AL's leg was amputated resulting in phantom-limb pain (PLP). (1) When a volunteer placed her foot on or near the phantom - touching it evoked organized sensations in corresponding locations on AL's phantom. (2) Mirror-visual-feedback (MVF) relieved PLP, as did, "phantom massage". (3) Psilocybin-MVF pairing produced synergistic effects, complete elimination of PLP, and reduction in paroxysmal episodes. (4) Touching the volunteer's leg where AL previously had external fixators, evoked sensation of nails boring through the leg. Using a "telescoping" nail, we created the illusion of a nail being removed with corresponding pain relief. (5) Artificial flames produced warmth in the phantom.
Characterization of the respiratory chain of Helicobacter pylori (1999)

The respiratory chain of Helicobacter pylori has been investigated. The total insensitivity of activities of NADH dehydrogenase to rotenone and of NADH-cytochrome c reductase to antimycin is indicative of the absence of the classical complex I of the electron transfer chain in this bacterium. NADPH-dependent respiration was significantly stronger than NADH-dependent respiration, indicating that this is a major respiratory electron donor in H. pylori. Fumarate and malonate exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the activity of succinate dehydrogenase. The activity of succinate-cytochrome c reductase was inhibited by antimycin, implying the presence of a classical pathway from complex II to complex III in this bacterium. The presence of NADH-fumarate reductase (FRD) was demonstrated in H. pylori and fumarate could reduce H2O2 production from NADH, indicating fumarate to be an endogenous substrate for accepting electrons from NADH. The activity of NADH-FRD was inhibited by 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone. A tentative scheme for the electron transfer pathway in H. pylori is proposed, which may be helpful in clarifying the pathogenesis of H. pylori and in opening new lines for chemotherapy against this bacterium.
The influence of angiotensin infusion on the urine composition in individual kidney function tests. (1971)

Thirty-two patients with hypertension were given a pressor dose of angiotensin in the course of individual kidney function tests. In eight patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis the differences in urine sodium and creatinine concentration between the affected and the nonaffected kidney did not become greater with angiotensin infusion. In four patients with unilateral pyelonephritis and falsely positive individual kidney function tests, these tests became normal following angiotensin infusion. It is concluded that angiotensin infusion is not a useful means of improving the results of individual kidney function tests.
Separable nonlinear least squares: the variable projection method and its applications (2003)

In this paper we review 30 years of developments and applications of the variable projection method for solving separable nonlinear least-squares problems. These are problems for which the model function is a linear combination of nonlinear functions. Taking advantage of this special structure, the method of variable projections eliminates the linear variables obtaining a somewhat more complicated function that involves only the nonlinear parameters. This procedure not only reduces the dimension of the parameter space but also results in a better-conditioned problem. The same optimization method applied to the original and reduced problems will always converge faster for the latter. We present first a historical account of the basic theoretical work and its various computer implementations, and then report on a variety of applications from electrical engineering, medical and biological imaging, chemistry, robotics, vision, and environmental sciences. An extensive bibliography is included. The method is particularly well suited for solving real and complex exponential model fitting problems, which are pervasive in their applications and are notoriously hard to solve.
Modulating T‐cell homeostasis with IL‐7: preclinical and clinical studies (2009)

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is required for the development and survival of T cells and plays a critical role in modulating T-cell homeostasis. This review will address current understanding of IL-7 biology, review recent clinical experiences and discuss potential future clinical applications of IL-7, or IL-7 blockade, in the setting of disease.
LiteMinutes (2001)

Article Share on LiteMinutes: an Internet-based system for multimedia meeting minutes Authors: Patrick Chiu FX Palo Alto Laboratory, 3400 Hillview Avenue, Bldg. 4, Palo Alto, CA FX Palo Alto Laboratory, 3400 Hillview Avenue, Bldg. 4, Palo Alto, CAView Profile , John Boreczky FX Palo Alto Laboratory, 3400 Hillview Avenue, Bldg. 4, Palo Alto, CA FX Palo Alto Laboratory, 3400 Hillview Avenue, Bldg. 4, Palo Alto, CAView Profile , Andreas Girgensohn FX Palo Alto Laboratory, 3400 Hillview Avenue, Bldg. 4, Palo Alto, CA FX Palo Alto Laboratory, 3400 Hillview Avenue, Bldg. 4, Palo Alto, CAView Profile , Don Kimber FX Palo Alto Laboratory, 3400 Hillview Avenue, Bldg. 4, Palo Alto, CA FX Palo Alto Laboratory, 3400 Hillview Avenue, Bldg. 4, Palo Alto, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims WWW '01: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide WebMay 2001 Pages 140–149https://doi.org/10.1145/371920.371971Online:01 April 2001Publication History 40citation1,043DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations40Total Downloads1,043Last 12 Months45Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Genetic modifications of pigs for medicine and agriculture (2011)

Genetically modified swine hold great promise in the fields of agriculture and medicine. Currently, these swine are being used to optimize production of quality meat, to improve our understanding of the biology of disease resistance, and to reduced waste. In the field of biomedicine, swine are anatomically and physiologically analogous to humans. Alterations of key swine genes in disease pathways provide model animals to improve our understanding of the causes and potential treatments of many human genetic disorders. The completed sequencing of the swine genome will significantly enhance the specificity of genetic modifications, and allow for more accurate representations of human disease based on syntenic genes between the two species. Improvements in both methods of gene alteration and efficiency of model animal production are key to enabling routine use of these swine models in medicine and agriculture.