gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of human prostate cancer proliferation in vitro and in a mouse model by a compound synthesized to block Ca2+ entry. (2000)

Accelerated Ca2+ entry may be one component of the pathway regulating the proliferative phenotype of some types of cancer. Thus, a pharmacological agent with the ability to retard Ca2+ influx in susceptible cancers might inhibit proliferation of them by a cytostatic mechanism rather than by inducing cytotoxicity. We have developed a chemical synthetic scheme that has produced a small library of novel compounds that block Ca2+ entry induced by occupancy of the P2 receptor in two prostate cancer cell lines and inhibit proliferation of these cells in vitro. One of the agents, named TH-1177, was used to treat severe combined immunodeficient mice inoculated with the human prostate cancer line PC-3. Although the doses used and treatment schedule were chosen arbitrarily, treatment extended the mean life span of mice bearing tumors by up to 38%. Treatment of mice without cancer at doses 18 times that used in mice with tumors was not associated with any obvious toxicity, either grossly or on histological examination. These results suggest that novel cytostatic agents with efficacy against human prostate cancer cells can be developed by chemical synthesis of agents directed at the Ca2+ entry pathway.
Studies on Antianaphylactic Agents. 7. Synthesis of Antiallergic 5-Oxo-5H-[1]benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridines (1985)

5-Oxo-5H-[1]benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acids 23 and their tetrazole analogues 24 were synthesized from 4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3-carbonitriles 3 or 2-amino-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxaldehydes 4. When administered intravenously, they exhibited antiallergic activity in a reaginic PCA test in rats. In the carboxylic acid series, the activity was influenced by the substituents at the 2-position and increased substantially in the following order: Me, OMe less than NH2 less than OH, H less than NHOMe. On the other hand, in the tetrazole series, 2-unsubstituted derivatives showed the highest activity. Regardless of the kinds of substituents at positions 2 and 3, compounds bearing an alkyl group, especially an isopropyl group at the 7-position, were superior in activity to the corresponding unsubstituted compounds. Among these alkyl derivatives, 3-carboxylic acid derivatives, i.e., 23c (7-ethyl), 23g (2-amino-7-isopropyl), 23r [2-(methoxyamino)-7-isopropyl], and a 3-tetrazole derivative 24c (7-isopropyl), were 41-184 times as potent as disodium cromoglycate. They also exhibited remarkable activity when administered orally; clinical studies on 23g (AA-673) are in progress.
Simplified production and concentration of HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors using HYPERFlask vessels and anion exchange membrane chromatography (2009)

The protocol described here is easy to implement and should facilitate high-titer LV vector production for preclinical studies in animal models without the need for multiple tissue culture dishes and ultracentrifugation-based concentration protocols.
Treatment of Migraine Attacks with A Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogue (Octreotide, SMS 201-995) (1997)

Long-acting somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995) inhibits serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide, which may be involved in migraine. We therefore decided to test the efficacy of SMS 201-995 in relieving the pain of acute migraine attacks. Headache relief was defined as a reduction in severity from grade 3 or 2 (severe or moderate) to 1 or 0 (mild or none). Patients experiencing migraine attacks were evaluated clinically. A double-blind parallel group trial was performed in which patients randomly received either a subcutaneous injection of placebo (saline) or SMS 201-995 (100 micrograms). SMS 201-995 was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing headache grade at 2 h (1.5 +/- 0.6 vs 2.2 +/- 0.7; p < 0.01), 4 h (1.5 +/- 0.6 vs 2.1 +/- 0.8; p < 0.05) and 6 h (0.8 +/- 0.9 vs 2.1 +/- 0.8; p < 0.001) after the initiation of treatment. By 6 h, apparent headache relief (reduction in severity from grade 3 or 2 to 1 or 0) was experienced in 76.5% of SMS 201-995 treated patients and 25% of the placebo-treated group. Headache relief was significantly better in patients taking SMS 201-995 (p < 0.02). Furthermore, none of the patients became pain-free (headache grade 0) on placebo, while significantly more patients (47%) were pain-free on SMS 201-995 at 6 h (p < 0.01). Headache improvement started significantly earlier in those patients treated with SMS 201-995 than with placebo. SMS 201-995 significantly improves the pain of migraine attacks, 2 h after the beginning of treatment. Additionally, we observed no side effects of SMS 201-995. We therefore conclude that a single dose of 100 micrograms given subcutaneously is an effective and well-tolerated agent for the treatment of migraine attacks.
Effects of Nociceptive Stimuli on Brain Histamine Dynamics (1989)

The effects of nociceptive stimuli on the metabolism of brain histamine (HA) were examined, because of a previous observation that the exposure of mice to electric foot shock increased the brain HA turnover. In mice, the exposure to tail pinch markedly increased the brain level of te/e-methylhistamine (t-MH), a predominant metabolite of brain HA, while the level of HA was not changed. The HA turnover, measured either by the accumulation of t-MH after pargyline injection or by the HA depletion after the treatment with a-fluoromethylhistidine, a specific inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, was enhanced by the exposure to tail pinch, like the enhancement produced by the exposure to foot shock. The exposure of rats to tail pinch increased the t-MH level in the telencephalon and the midbrain. Other types of noxious stimuli, such as placing mice on a hot plate or subjecting mice to acetic acid-induced writhing, also significantly elevated the level of t-MH but not that of HA in the mouse brain. These results suggest that nociceptive stimuli produce an increase in the brain HA turnover.
Fabrication of current-induced magnetization switching devices using etch-back planarization process (2005)

A patterning process for nanoscale current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetic devices was developed. Spin valve and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) pillars are patterned using electron-beam lithography and subsequent hard mask deposition and ion milling. Photoresist etch-back method is used to planarize the insulation layer, deposited on top of the spin valve/MTJ pillars, prior to top lead deposition. This method allows for a reduction of shadowing effect associated with the use of resist mask for ion milling. Critical switching current of ∼6×107A∕cm2 was observed for spin valve nanopillars with clear field dependence of the switching current, which is comparable to the reported value for metallic system.
ChemInform Abstract: DIISOBUTYLALUMINUM 2,6‐DI‐TERT‐BUTYL‐4‐METHYLPHENOXIDE. NOVEL STEREOSELECTIVE REDUCING AGENT FOR PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS (1982)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (II) ist ein sehr gutes Reagenz für die Reduktion der IS‐Ketogruppe von Prostanoiden; mit abnehmender Stereoselektivität werden aus den Ketonen (I) die (S)‐(III) und (R)‐Alkohole (IV) gebildet.
Ultrafast Electrochromic Windows Based on Redox-Chromophore Modified Nanostructured Semiconducting and Conducting Films (2000)

Described is the construction of an ultrafast electrochromic window. One electrode of this window is based on a transparent nanostructured TiO2 (anatase) film (4.0 μm thick) supported on conducting glass (F-doped tin oxide, 10 Ω cm-2, 0.5 μm thick) and modified by chemisorption of a monolayer of the redox chromophore bis(2-phosphonoethyl)-4,4‘-bipyridinium dichloride. The other electrode is based on a transparent nanostructured SnO2 film (3.0 μm thick) supported on conducting glass (F-doped tin oxide, 10 Ω cm-2, 0.5 μm thick) and modified by chemisorption of a monolayer of the redox chromophore [β-(10-phenothiazyl)propoxy]phosphonic acid. The electrolyte used is LiClO4 (0.2 mol dm-3) in γ-butyrolactone. The excellent performance of a 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm window over 10 000 electrochromic test cyclesswitching times (coloring and bleaching) of less than 250 ms, coloration efficiency of 270 cm2 C-1, steady-state currents (colored and bleached) of less than 6 μA cm-2, and memory of greater than 600 s (time required for low end transmittance to increase by 5%)suggest a practical technology.
Efficacy of itraconazole solution in a rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis (1993)

The efficacy of an itraconazole-cyclodextrin solution against Aspergillus fumigatus was assessed in an immunosuppressed, temporarily leukopenic rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis and compared with that of amphotericin B. Oral itraconazole solution at dosages of 20 and 40 mg/kg/day improved survival as compared with that of controls. Itraconazole (40 mg/kg/day) not only improved survival and reduced antigen levels but also significantly eradicated A. fumigatus from tissues and was as effective as amphotericin B in these studies. The higher dose of itraconazole produced higher levels in serum, which correlated with improved efficacy of the drug. This itraconazole-cyclodextrin solution was well absorbed and was effective in the treatment of experimental invasive aspergillosis; it demonstrates the potential of this class of agents in improving therapy for invasive aspergillosis.
Face2Face: Real-Time Face Capture and Reenactment of RGB Videos (2016)

We present a novel approach for real-time facial reenactment of a monocular target video sequence (e.g., Youtube video). The source sequence is also a monocular video stream, captured live with a commodity webcam. Our goal is to animate the facial expressions of the target video by a source actor and re-render the manipulated output video in a photo-realistic fashion. To this end, we first address the under-constrained problem of facial identity recovery from monocular video by non-rigid model-based bundling. At run time, we track facial expressions of both source and target video using a dense photometric consistency measure. Reenactment is then achieved by fast and efficient deformation transfer between source and target. The mouth interior that best matches the re-targeted expression is retrieved from the target sequence and warped to produce an accurate fit. Finally, we convincingly re-render the synthesized target face on top of the corresponding video stream such that it seamlessly blends with the real-world illumination. We demonstrate our method in a live setup, where Youtube videos are reenacted in real time.
Visual measurement of orientation using ceiling features (2002)

A system for determining orientation by exploiting straight line features commonly found on indoor ceilings is described. A method of random sampling of minimal sets to extract straight line primitives from binary images of edge feature points is used. Orientation of the lines extracted gives the relative orientation of a local camera reference frame. Input to the random sampling based line extraction stage is supplied by an image processing stage. The image processing stage applies a morphological gradient to grey scale ceiling images and automatically adjusts a threshold to produce the required binary images. Feasibility of the proposed system was tested using a suite of ceiling images and the results are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Assessing Gene Significance from cDNA Microarray Expression Data via Mixed Models (2001)

The determination of a list of differentially expressed genes is a basic objective in many cDNA microarray experiments. We present a statistical approach that allows direct control over the percentage of false positives in such a list and, under certain reasonable assumptions, improves on existing methods with respect to the percentage of false negatives. The method accommodates a wide variety of experimental designs and can simultaneously assess significant differences between multiple types of biological samples. Two interconnected mixed linear models are central to the method and provide a flexible means to properly account for variability both across and within genes. The mixed model also provides a convenient framework for evaluating the statistical power of any particular experimental design and thus enables a researcher to a priori select an appropriate number of replicates. We also suggest some basic graphics for visualizing lists of significant genes. Analyses of published experiments studying human cancer and yeast cells illustrate the results.
A 1 Gbps transceiver with receiver-end deskewing capability using non-uniform tracked oversampling and a 250-750 MHz four-phase DLL (2003)

This paper describes a low power, 1 Gbps, CMOS link with measured bit error rate (BER)<10/sup -14/. To obtain the low BER, skew between clock and data is detected and removed by using non-uniform tracked over-sampling technique with a high-resolution phase control. A delay-locked loop (DLL) with a wide operating frequency range of 250-750 MHz generates four phase sampling clocks.
Kinetically Limited Differential Centrifugation as an Inexpensive and Readily Available Alternative to Centrifugal Elutriation (2012)

When separating two species with similar densities but differing sedimentation velocities (because of differences in size), centrifugal elutriation is generally the method of choice. However, a major drawback to this approach is the requirement for specialized equipment. Here, we present a new method that achieves similar separations using standard benchtop centrifuges by loading the seperands as a layer on top of a dense buffer of a specified length, and running the benchtop centrifugation process for a calculated amount of time, thereby ensuring that all faster moving species are collected at the bottom, while all slower moving species remain in the buffer. We demonstrate the use of our procedure to isolate bacteria from blood culture broth (a mixture of bacterial growth media, blood, and bacteria).
Hansen Solubility Parameters (1999)

Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) are used to predict molecular affinities, solubility, and solubility-related phenomena. Revised and updated throughout, Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, Second Edition features the three Hansen solubility parameters for over 1200 chemicals and correlations for over 400 materials including p
Alkali-Activated Geopolymers: A Literature Review (2010)

Abstract : Information presented in this report is organized along specific issues such as the advantages and disadvantages of using geopolymer concrete for industrial applications, the benefits and risks associated with binder variables (alkaline concentration, pozzolan ratios, curing methodologies), mechanical variance resulting from differences in microstructural evolution and performance in harsh environments (extreme temperatures and chemical attack).
Synthetic Vaccines Consisting of Tumor‐Associated MUC1 Glycopeptide Antigens and a T‐Cell Epitope for the Induction of a Highly Specific Humoral Immune Response (2008)

Selective response: The fully synthetic vaccine shown, which contains a glycopeptide antigen from the tumor-associated mucin MUC1 and an immunostimulating T-cell epitope from ovalbumin, induces a highly specific immune response in mice. The induced antibody reacts with the glycopeptides and analogues that carry additional tumor-associated TN antigen monosaccharides in their sequence.
A tangible interface for organizing information using a grid (2002)

The task of organizing information is typically performed either by physically manipulating note cards or sticky notes or by arranging icons on a computer with a graphical user interface. We present a new tangible interface platform for manipulating discrete pieces of abstract information, which attempts to combine the benefits of each of these two alternatives into a single system. We developed interaction techniques and an example application for organizing conference papers. We assessed the effectiveness of our system by experimentally comparing it to both graphical and paper interfaces. The results suggest that our tangible interface can provide a more effective means of organizing, grouping, and manipulating data than either physical operations or graphical computer interaction alone
Controlled environment vitrification system: An improved sample preparation technique (1988)

Abstract The controlled environment vitrification system (CEVS) permits cryofixation of hydrated biological and colloidal dispersions and aggregates from a temperature‐ and saturation‐controlled environment. Otherwise, specimens prepared in an uncontrolled laboratory atmosphere are subject to evaporation and heat transfer, which may introduce artifacts caused by concentration, pH, ionic strength, and temperature changes. Moreover, it is difficult to fix and examine the microstructure of systems at temperatures other than ambient (e.g., biological systems at in vivo conditions and colloidal systems above room temperature). A system has been developed that ensures that a liquid or partially liquid specimen is maintained in its original state while it is being prepared before vitrification and, once prepared, is vitrified with little alteration of its microstructure. A controlled environment is provided within a chamber where temperature and chemical activity of volatile components can be controlled while the specimen is being prepared. The specimen grid is mounted on a plunger, and a synchronous shutter is opened almost simultaneously with the release of the plunger, so that the specimen is propelled abruptly through the shutter opening into a cryogenic bath. We describe the system and its use and illustrate the value of the technique with TEM micrographs of surfactant microstructures in which specimen preparation artifacts were avoided. We also discuss applications to other instruments like SEM, to other techniques like freeze‐fracture, and to novel “on the grid” experiments that make it possible to freeze successive instants of dynamic processes such as membrane fusion, chemical reactions, and phase transitions.
The pathophysiology of failure in acute right ventricular hypertension: hemodynamic and biochemical correlations. (1981)

Acute right ventricular (RV) hypertension and failure occur clinically. In this study we examined the mechanism of RV failure. Adult dogs were studied acutely under anesthesia; dogs were instrumented for measurement of pressures and right coronary artery blood flow. Myocardial blood flow and cardiac output were determined with radionuclide-labeled microspheres, and the presence of ischemia was determined by biochemical analysis of ventricular biopsies. RV hypertension was produced by constricting the pulmonary artery and was increased until RV failure occurred, as evidenced by decreased aortic pressure and cardiac output and increased RV end-diastolic pressure. With increasing RV systolic pressure, RV myocardial blood flow failed to increase in proportion to demand. At the onset of RV failure, there was no reactive hyperemia of right coronary flow compared with control, indicating the absence of further coronary vascular reserve; biochemical analysis demonstrated that the RV free wall was ischemic; the LV free wall was not. Infusion of phenylephrine raised aortic pressure and hence, myocardial perfusion pressure; RV failure reversed as shown by decreased RV end-diastolic pressure and increased cardiac output and RV systolic pressure; reactive hyperemia of right coronary flow was restored and the biochemical indexes of ischemia were reversed, demonstrating that ischemia is the cause of failure in acute RV hypertension.
Biochemical Profile of Uremic Breath (1977)

We attempted to define the substances that contribute to the characteristic "uremic breath" of patients with end-stage renal disease. Breath samples from nine patients underwent direct analysis before and after hemodialysis with use of gas chromatography and confirmation by mass spectrometry, and indirectly assessment by an organoleptic panel. Concentrations of secondary and tertiary amines, dimethylamine and trimethylamine were increased, with subsequent reduction after hemodialysis (dimethylamine from 2.00 +/- 0.19 [S.E.M.] to 0.88 +/- 0.12 microng per 30 minutes, P less than 0.001, and trimethylamine from 0.79 +/- 0.22 to 0.44 +/- 0.15 microng per 30 minutes, P less than 0.003). Treatment with nonabsorbable antibiotics in two patients reduced both serum and breath amine levels without dialysis. Loss of nitrogen via the breath was not quantitatively important. We conclude that uremic breath reflects the systemic accumulation of potentially toxic volatile metabolites, among which dimethylamine and trimethylamine have been positively identified and correlated with the classic fishy odor.
The Biology and Application of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Precursors (1996)

The importance of the stromal tissue of the bone marrow in regulating hemopoiesis is well documented. However, several features of marrow stromal cell biology remain poorly understood, in particular, the ontogeny and phylogeny of the various stromal elements that comprise the microenvironment of the bone marrow. In this article we review recent data concerning the immunophenotype and functional characteristics of precursor cells for marrow stromal tissue. The study of these stromal precursor cells (SPC) represents an exciting new field of research that will almost certainly expand in the future as we gain a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular events, environmental cues, and growth factors that physiologically regulate the commitment and subsequent development of SPC. Although the field of marrow SPC biology is in its infancy, we predict that future studies will result in several novel clinical applications for SPC. We, therefore, conclude this article by speculating on a number of these potential applications and, thus, view SPC and their progeny as likely vehicles for several novel and important cellular therapies, including gene therapy.
Thrombin‐induced human platelet aggregation is inhibited by protein‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors, ST638 and genistein (1992)

We have investigated the involvement of protein-tyrosine kinases in thrombin-induced aggregation of human platelets, using ST638 and genistein which are known inhibitors of protein-tyrosine kinase. Preincubation of platelets with 50 microM of ST638 or 25 micrograms/ml of genistein completely blocked the platelet aggregation induced with 0.05 unit/ml of thrombin. The increase of protein-tyrosine phosphorylation bands (135-, 124-, 76-, 64-, and 60-kDa) induced with thrombin was also inhibited by these inhibitors in a dose-dependent manner. These inhibitors also blocked the platelet aggregation and protein-tyrosine phosphorylation induced with thrombin in aspirin-treated platelets. Increase of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration induced by thrombin was also inhibited by higher concentrations of genistein. These results suggest that the protein-tyrosine phosphorylation plays a certain role in platelet activation having some relation to the intracellular Ca2+ concentration.
Natural use profiles for the pen (2012)

Inherent pen input modalities such as tip pressure, tilt and azimuth (PTA) have been extensively used as additional input channels in pen-based interactions. We conducted a study to investigate the natural use profiles of PTA, which describes the features of PTA in the course of normal pen use such as writing and drawing. First, the study reveals the ranges of PTA in normal pen use, which can distinguish pen events accidently occurring in normal drawing and writing from those used for mode switch. The natural use profiles also show that azimuth is least likely to cause false pen mode switching while tip pressure is most likely to cause false pen mode switching. Second, the study reveals correlations among various modalities, indicating that pressure plus azimuth is superior to other pairs for dual-modality control.