gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaccines Expressing the Innate Immune Modulator EAT-2 Elicit Potent Effector Memory T Lymphocyte Responses despite Pre-Existing Vaccine Immunity (2012)

The mixed results from recent vaccine clinical trials targeting HIV-1 justify the need to enhance the potency of HIV-1 vaccine platforms in general. Use of first-generation recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) platforms failed to protect vaccinees from HIV-1 infection. One hypothesis is that the rAd5-based vaccine failed due to the presence of pre-existing Ad5 immunity in many vaccines. We recently confirmed that EAT-2-expressing rAd5 vectors uniquely activate the innate immune system and improve cellular immune responses against rAd5-expressed Ags, inclusive of HIV/Gag. In this study, we report that use of the rAd5-EAT-2 vaccine can also induce potent cellular immune responses to HIV-1 Ags despite the presence of Ad5-specific immunity. Compared to controls expressing a mutant SH2 domain form of EAT-2, Ad5 immune mice vaccinated with an rAd5-wild-type EAT-2 HIV/Gag-specific vaccine formulation significantly facilitated the induction of several arms of the innate immune system. These responses positively correlated with an improved ability of the vaccine to induce stronger effector memory T cell-biased, cellular immune responses to a coexpressed Ag despite pre-existing anti-Ad5 immunity. Moreover, inclusion of EAT-2 in the vaccine mixture improves the generation of polyfunctional cytolytic CD8(+) T cell responses as characterized by enhanced production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, cytotoxic degranulation, and increased in vivo cytolytic activity. These data suggest a new approach whereby inclusion of EAT-2 expression in stringent human vaccination applications can provide a more effective vaccine against HIV-1 specifically in Ad5 immune subjects.
Targeted IL-15-based Protein Fusion Complexes as Cancer Immunotherapy Approaches (2018)

This mini review provides an overview and rationale for creating IL-15based fusion protein complexes to be used as targeted immunotherapeutic agents. IL-15 stimulates proliferation and activation of CD8 + T and natural killer cells which result in augmentation of their anti-tumor activities. We have created ALT-803, an IL-15 superagonist complex which exhibits longer serum half-life, longer retention in lymphoid tissues, and better immunostimulatory and anti-tumor activities compared to native IL-15. When used alone or in combination with other immunotherapeutic molecules in various mouse tumor models, ALT-803 effectively reduces tumor burden and prolongs survival by stimulating the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. To evaluate whether ALT-803 could be used as a protein scaffold to create IL-15based tumor cell-specific molecules, we genetically fused it with a single chain anti-CD20 antibody derived from the variable regions of rituximab. This novel fusion protein exhibits enhanced anti-tumor activity compared to rituximab while maintaining IL-15 immunostimulating properties. Thus, ALT-803 may be exploited as a versatile scaffold to produce multivalent targeted fusion proteins to improve the anti-tumor efficacy of other therapeutic agents in the clinic.
Peptide segment synthesis catalyzed by the semisynthetic enzyme thiolsubtilisin (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeptide segment synthesis catalyzed by the semisynthetic enzyme thiolsubtilisinT. Nakatsuka, T. Sasaki, and E. T. KaiserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 12, 3808–3810Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00246a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00246a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views467Altmetric-Citations151LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gaze locking (2013)

Eye contact plays a crucial role in our everyday social interactions. The ability of a device to reliably detect when a person is looking at it can lead to powerful human-object interfaces. Today, most gaze-based interactive systems rely on gaze tracking technology. Unfortunately, current gaze tracking techniques require active infrared illumination, calibration, or are sensitive to distance and pose. In this work, we propose a different solution-a passive, appearance-based approach for sensing eye contact in an image. By focusing on gaze *locking* rather than gaze tracking, we exploit the special appearance of direct eye gaze, achieving a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of over 0.83 at long distances (up to 18 m) and large pose variations (up to ±30° of head yaw rotation) using a very basic classifier and without calibration. To train our detector, we also created a large publicly available gaze data set: 5,880 images of 56 people over varying gaze directions and head poses. We demonstrate how our method facilitates human-object interaction, user analytics, image filtering, and gaze-triggered photography.
Rapid and Electronic Identification and Quantification of Age‐Specific Circulating Exosomes via Biologically Activated Graphene Transistors (2021)

Increasing access to modern clinical practices concomitantly extends lifespan, ironically revealing new classes of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of later years. Here, an electronic graphene field-effect transistor (gFET) is reported, termed EV-chip, for label-free, rapid identification and quantification of exosomes (EV) associated with aging through specific surface markers, CD63 and CD151. Studies suggest that blood-derived exosomes carry specific biomolecules that can be used toward diagnostic applications of age and health. However, to observe improvements in patient outcomes, earlier detection at the point-of-care (POC) is required. Unfortunately, conventional techniques and other electronic-based platforms for exosome sensing are burdensome and inept for the POC distinction of aged blood factors. It is shown that EV-chip can quantitatively detect purified exosomes from plasma, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2 × 10<sup>4</sup> particles mL<sup>-1</sup> and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 6 × 10<sup>4</sup> particles mL<sup>-1</sup> . The sensitivity and compact electronics of the EV-chip improves upon previously published electronic biosensors, making it ideal for a physician's office or a simple biological laboratory. The sensitivity, selectivity, and portability of the EV-chip demonstrate the potential of the biosensor as a powerful point-of-care diagnostic and prognostic tool for age-related diseases.
THE METHOD OF ‘RIGHT AND WRONG CASES’ (‘CONSTANT STIMULI’) WITHOUT GAUSS'S FORMULAE (1908)

2. Proposed general procedure.3. Il'irst method of measuring the average limen.4. TJbe case of equal intervals.5. Second and slightly more accurate method of naeasuring the 6.Mean deuiation. Conclusion.Need of dispensing u i t h the Gaussian formulae in ti@ method of 'right and wrong cases.' average lirnen.
Human Serum Butyrylcholinesterase: A Bioscavenger for the Protection of Humans from Organophosphorus Exposure (2009)

Abstract : Human serum butyrylcholinesterase (Hu BChE) is currently under advanced development as a pretreatment drug for organophosphate (OP) poisoning in humans. Toward this effort, a procedure for the large-scale purification of Hu BChE from Cohn fraction IV-4 was developed, its pharmacokinetic properties were established, its shelf life was evaluated at various temperatures, and its safety and efficacy were examined. It was shown to protect mice, rats, guinea pigs, and monkeys against multiple LD50 challenges of OP nerve agents by i.v. or s.c. bolus injections. Since inhalation is the most likely route of exposure on the battlefield or in public places, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Hu BChE against whole-body inhalation exposure to sarin (GB) vapor. The study was conducted in minipigs because the pig offers many similarities in anatomy and physiology to humans. Male G ttingen minipigs were subjected to one of the following treatments: (1) Air exposure; (2) GB vapor exposure; and (3) pretreatment with 7.5 mg/kg of Hu BChE followed by GB vapor exposure. Hu BChE was administered by i.m. injection, 24 h prior to whole-body exposure to GB vapor at a concentration of 4.1 mg/m3 for 60 min or 11.4 mg/m3 for 10 min. EEG, ECG, and pupil size were monitored throughout exposure, and blood drawn from a surgically implanted jugular catheter before and throughout the exposure period was analyzed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BChE activities, and the amount of GB present in plasma. Baseline blood AChE and BChE activities were 2.5 0.1 U/ml and 0.14 0.01 U/ml, respectively. Animals pretreated with 7.5 mg/kg of Hu BChE showed peak blood BChE activity of 41.2 0.9 U/ml with a mean residence time of 287 53 h.
Pointer analysis (2001)

During the past twenty-one years, over seventy-five papers and nine Ph.D. theses have been published on pointer analysis. Given the tomes of work on this topic one may wonder, “Haven'trdquo; we solved this problem yet?'' With input from many researchers in the field, this paper describes issues related to pointer analysis and remaining open problems.
Graft Produced Interleukin-6 Functions as a Danger Signal and Promotes Rejection After Transplantation (2007)

Thus, our results suggest the paradigm that graft rejection versus tolerance is determined by a balance between the activation of effector T cells versus immune suppression by regulatory T cells, and that after transplantation, IL-6 functions as a systemic danger signal that overcomes constitutive immune suppression mediated by regulatory T cells and promotes the activation of effector T cells.
Wetting Behaviors of Ethanol/Water on Rough PTFE Surface (2007)

Abstract The wetting behaviors of ethanol/water solutions with different surface tensions were studied on the rough superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroetylene (PTFE) coating. Air fraction was calculated using Cassie equation, and the forces were compared. The result indicated that the ethanol/water solutions gradually filled in the multilevel structures of the PTFE coating with the decrease in the surface tension. Only the stripe structure was filled when the surface tension was greater than 28 mN·m−1. When the surface tension was less than 28 mN·m−1, the papillary structure was also filled. Because it has little contribution to the air fraction, the surface could not be wetted when the stripe structure was filled. However, the surface could be wetted by the solutions when the papillary structure, which had a considerable contribution to the air fraction, was filled.
Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein-1 Inhibits RANKL-Dependent Osteoclast Formation (2004)

sFRP-1 is expressed by osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclast formation. While sFRP-1 activity might involve the blocking of endogenous Wnt signaling, our results suggest that, alternatively, it could be because of direct binding to RANKL. This study describes a new mechanism whereby osteoblasts regulate osteoclastogenesis through the expression and release of sFRP-1.
Negative curvature fibers with reduced leakage loss (2014)

We describe improved designs for “negative curvature” hollow core anti-resonant fibers. Numerical simulations show that introducing additional silica rings into the cladding results in a major reduction in the fiber leakage losses, for realizable fiber structures.
Analysis of astigmatism of gain guided laser with a tapered-stripe geometry (1984)

The astigmatism of the tapered-stripe (TAPS) laser has been analyzed. Calculating the near-field spot size and the radius of curvature in the tapered-stripe region, the astigmatism is determined by using the expression of D=Re [1+(λRe/ πw2e)2]−1. In our formalism we assume that the gain profile is parabola and the near-field spot size at the facet is determined by the diffusion length of injected carriers. So far as these assumptions are valid, it is concluded that the amount of astigmatism is reduced with the length of tapered stripe, using the refractive index change due to the band-edge absorption of −10−2. The fundamental characteristics of the gain guided laser with TAPS structure such as the astigmatism, far-field radiation pattern, and the spontaneous emission factor are shown to be controlled by properly designing the stripe geometry and the thickness of the active layer.
Glanders in a Military Research Microbiologist (2001)

Infection with Burkholderia mallei (formerly Pseudomonas mallei) can cause a subcutaneous infection known as farcy or can disseminate to cause the condition known as glanders. In humans, acute infection with B. mallei is characterized by necrosis of the tracheobronchial tree, pustular skin lesions, and either a febrile pneumonia, if the organism was inhaled, or signs of sepsis and multiple abscesses, if the skin was the portal of entry.1 At the turn of the 20th century, glanders was an important cause of death among horses, and there were secondary, often fatal, infections in humans.2 Because of the lethal and contagious . . .
Corrections to “Channel Power Optimization of WDM Systems Following Gaussian Noise Nonlinearity Model in Presence of Stimulated Raman Scattering” [Nov 17, no. 23, 5237-5249] (2018)

An error in the equations in the Appendix of the above-named work [ibid., vol. 35, no. 23, pp. 5237–5249, Nov. 2017] has been identified. The corrected equations fix a contradiction in the printed statement at the end of the Appendix. The numerical results presented, including optimized power allocations and figures, used the incorrect model as printed. For the significantly tilted optimized power allocations considered and at the relatively low total fiber powers considered, using the correct model yields a negligible change to those results, so the interpretation and conclusions remain unaltered. The model as corrected here yields correct results at arbitrary power levels, including levels much higher than those considered in the paper.
Tissue-specific promoters for cancer gene therapy (2004)

Adenoviral cancer gene therapy approaches have resulted in promising recent results. Following only a decade of intense development, some of the crucial obstacles are now being overcome. Insufficient transduction has been the main limitation of earlier approaches. A new approach for increasing transduction of tumour cells is utilisation of replication-competent oncolytic agents, such as conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRADs). The anti-tumour effect is caused by replication of the virus per se and, thus, replication must be restricted to tumour cells to protect normal tissues from damage. Tissue-specific promoters (TSPs) represent a powerful tool for decreasing the toxicity of cancer gene therapy to normal tissues and have previously been utilised for specific mutation compensation or delivery of prodrug-converting enzymes. However, TSPs can also be used for controlling crucial viral replication regulators and consequent restriction of replication to tumour cells. Initial clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and suggested efficacy for TSP-controlled CRADs as a novel approach for cancer gene therapy.
FAMILIAL PROSTATE CANCER: A DIFFERENT DISEASE? (1997)

Our study suggests that patients with a familial prostate cancer have a higher likelihood of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy than patients with sporadic cancer. This effect is independent of pretreatment or pathological factors. Our results suggest that the higher failure rates associated with familial prostate cancer are mainly secondary to higher distant relapse rates, and that familial prostate cancer may be more biologically aggressive than sporadic cancers.
Achilles Tendon Ruptures (1995)

We prospectively treated 29 athletes who had Achilles tendon ruptures according to a functional rehabilitation protocol. The 25 male and 4 female patients had a mean age of 35 years (range, 19 to 56). The repair was performed with a Krackow suture of No. 2 nonabsorbable polyfilament. Patients began range-of-motion exercises 72 hours after surgery, used a posterior splint for 2 weeks, and then began ambulation in a hinged orthosis. Six weeks after surgery, use of the orthosis was discontinued, full weightbearing was allowed, and progressive resistance exercises were initiated. Isokinetic strength and endurance testing were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. There were no reruptures. Two patients developed superficial wound infections that responded to debridement or local wound care. One patient suffered a pulmonary embolism. At 3 months' followup, isokinetic testing showed the mean functional deficits were 36% and 35% of the opposite leg at 60 and 120 deg/sec, respectively. By 6 months, the mean deficits were 2.9% and 2.3% at 60 and 120 deg/sec, respectively. All patients returned to preinjury activity levels at a mean of 4 months (range, 3 to 7) after repair. By 12 months, there were no significant differences in ankle motion, isokinetic strength, or endurance as compared with the uninvolved side.
Induction of Protective T Cells againstListeria monocytogenesin Mice by Immunization with a Listeriolysin O-Negative Avirulent Strain of Bacteria and Liposome-Encapsulated Listeriolysin O (1999)

Only listeriolysin O (LLO)-producing strains of Listeria monocytogenes generate protective immunity in mice. Based on the findings that endogenous gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production was induced only by such strains and that purified LLO could induce IFN-gamma from NK cells, we have postulated that LLO may play a pivotal role in the induction of Th1-type protective T cells, which are highly dependent on IFN-gamma. In this study, mice were immunized with L. monocytogenes ATCC 15313, an LLO-nonproducing avirulent strain, along with LLO encapsulated in liposome (LLO-liposome). LLO-liposome was highly potent in the induction of various cytokines, including IFN-gamma. Immunization of mice with either LLO-liposome or the viable strain ATCC 15313 alone did not induce protection against challenge infection. In contrast, the combination of LLO-nonproducing bacteria plus LLO-liposome induced a significant level of protective immunity mediated mainly by Th1-type cells capable of producing a large amount of IFN-gamma in an antigen-specific manner. The protection afforded by the combination was not dependent on LLO-specific cytotoxic T cells. These results support the idea that the inability of an LLO-nonproducing avirulent strain or killed bacteria to induce the generation of protective T cells is due not to the lack of a central T-cell epitope(s) but to the lack of ability to induce the production of endogenous cytokine during the early stage of immunization; the results also suggest that an appropriate use of LLO at least in an animal model may be effective in the induction of antigen-specific Th1-dependent protective immunity to various kinds of intracellular parasitic bacteria.
Efficient Summarization with Read-Again and Copy Mechanism (2016)

Encoder-decoder models have been widely used to solve sequence to sequence prediction tasks. However current approaches suffer from two shortcomings. First, the encoders compute a representation of each word taking into account only the history of the words it has read so far, yielding suboptimal representations. Second, current decoders utilize large vocabularies in order to minimize the problem of unknown words, resulting in slow decoding times. In this paper we address both shortcomings. Towards this goal, we first introduce a simple mechanism that first reads the input sequence before committing to a representation of each word. Furthermore, we propose a simple copy mechanism that is able to exploit very small vocabularies and handle out-of-vocabulary words. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on the Gigaword dataset and DUC competition outperforming the state-of-the-art.
Cardiovascular and renal actions of C-type natriuretic peptide (1992)

Studies were performed in two groups of anesthetized dogs (n = 5 per group) to determine the cardiovascular and renal actions of synthetic C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Systemic infusion of CNP (group 1; 10 and 50 ng.kg-1.min-1 iv) resulted in marked cardiovascular hemodynamic effects characterized by a decrease in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and atrial pressures in association with a decrease in sodium excretion. Bolus administration of CNP (group 2; 5 micrograms/kg iv) to minimize cardiovascular hemodynamic changes resulted in only a transient decrease in arterial pressure. Sodium excretion decreased despite a return of arterial pressure to baseline. These biological responses were associated with increases in plasma guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) in both groups but with no change in urinary cGMP. With both systemic infusion or bolus administration of CNP, significant increases in plasma aldosterone were observed in association with increases in distal nephron sodium reabsorption. This study demonstrates that CNP exhibits profound systemic hemodynamic actions and is indirectly, or perhaps directly, antinatriuretic.
Prevalence of attention deficit disorder, residual type, and other psychiatric disorders in patients with irritable colon syndrome (1983)

On the basis of the observations that chronic nonspecific diarrhea is a precursor of irritable colon syndrome and that chronic nonspecific diarrhea is associated with attention deficit disorder in childhood, the authors conducted a psychiatric diagnostic evaluation of 22 adults with irritable colon syndrome. Six (27%) of the patients received a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder, residual type, six (27%) were diagnosed as having dysthymic disorder, and five (23%) had had episodes of unipolar depression. The relationship between the presence of these disorders and greater severity of irritable colon syndrome was statistically significant.
Resolution improvement in two-photon fluorescence microscopy with a single-mode fiber (2002)

The dependence of spectral broadening of an ultrashort-pulsed laser beam on the fiber length and the illumination power is experimentally characterized in order to deliver the laser for two-photon fluorescence microscopy. It is found that not only the spectral width but also the spectral blue shift increases with the fiber length and illumination power, owing to the nonlinear response in the fiber. For an illumination power of 400 mW in a 3-m-long single-mode fiber, the spectral blue shift is as large as 15 nm. Such a spectral blue shift enhances the contribution from the short-wavelength components within the pulsed beam and leads to an improvement in resolution under two-photon excitation, whereas the efficiency of two-photon excitation is slightly reduced because of the temporal broadening of the pulsed beam. The experimental measurement of the axial response to a two-photon fluorescence polymer block confirms this feature.