gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compressed Detection for Pilot Assisted Ultra-Wideband Impulse Radio (2007)

The emerging theory of compressed sensing (CS) enables the reconstruction of sparse signals from a small set of random measurements. Since CS samples the signals at sub-Nyquist rate, it is particularly suitable for impulse ultra-wideband (I-UWB) communications where Nyquist sampling of the signal is a formidable challenge. In our previous work, CS has been successfully applied for I-UWB channel estimation and symbol detection. In this paper, we show that the performance of the I-UWB detector based on compressive measurements can be improved by exploiting the signal sparsity model. The matching pursuit (MP) algorithm is used to estimate the signal sparsity model from compressive measurements and then a more effective measurement matrix is designed for unknown signal detection. Performance of the proposed detector is analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed detector has comparable performance to the digital receiver sampling at Nyquist rate.
Maleimide-Functionalized Lipids that Anchor Polypeptides to Lipid Bilayers and Membranes (2000)

Two maleimide-containing diacylglycerol derivatives were synthesized to permit the anchoring of short peptides and longer polypeptides to phospholipid bilayers and membranes. The maleimide was introduced at the site normally occupied by a phospholipid headgroup. The first lipid, the dipalmitoyl ester of 1-maleimido-2,3-propanediol, was developed as a membrane anchor for extracellular domains of transmembrane proteins. The second anchoring lipid, in which the 3-position contained a 6-aminohexanoate, was designed for convenient modification with amine-reactive reporter groups. Specifically, the NBD fluorophore, 7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole-aminohexanoic-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, was attached to give an fluorescent anchoring reagent. Next, these reagents were applied to the anchoring of a C-terminally cysteamine-modified 8 kDa polypeptide that comprises the extracellular N-terminal domain of the human thrombin receptor, a transmembrane protease-activated receptor (PAR-1). Gel filtration and fluorescence analysis showed that the fluorescent lipopolypeptide spontaneously inserted into preformed phospholipid vesicles, but it did not insert into whole cell membranes. In contrast, the dipalmitoyl derivative could only be reconstituted into artificial membranes by mixing the lipopolypeptide and phospholipid before vesicle formation. These results suggest that biophysical interactions governing the lipopolypeptide insertion into artificial and cellular membranes may differ. The thiol-reactive lipidating reagents should be valuable materials for studying the structure and function of peptides and polypeptides at phospholipid bilayer surfaces.
Resonance excitation and dynamic collision‐induced dissociation in quadrupole ion traps using higher‐order excitation frequencies (2008)

Fragmentation of the pentapeptide leucine enkephalin (YGGFL) is accomplished via higher-order resonances combined with simultaneous analysis of low-mass product ions. Two methods of achieving excitation are explored: (1) 0.5 ms resonant excitation at the omega and at Omega-omega secular frequencies of ion motion (where Omega is the radio-frequency (rf) drive frequency) in a manner similar to both pulsed q collision-induced dissociation (PQD) and high amplitude short time excitation (HASTE), and (2) 0.5 ms pulse of the omega or at Omega-omega excitation frequencies when the secular frequency of the ions is quickly swept across resonance conditions (pulsed q dynamic CID, PqDCID). In both methods of excitation, the rf amplitude on the ring electrode is rapidly decreased after excitation, therefore enabling analysis of low-mass product ions. Maximum fragmentation efficiencies of approximately 20% can be obtained with pulsed CID with both regular and high-order frequency excitation, while pulsed DCID offers maximum efficiencies of approximately 12%. All the excitation methods studied offer increased internal energy depositions when compared to conventional CID, as measured by the a4/b4 product ion ratios of leucine enkephalin. These ratios were as high as 13:1 for pulsed CID and 8:1 for PqDCID. Successful mass analysis of the low-mass ions is observed with both pulsed CID and PqDCID. The combined benefit of high internal energy deposition and wider dynamic mass range offers the possibility of increased sequence coverage and the identification of unique internal fragments or high-energy product ions which may provide complementary information to biological applications of conventional CID. This is the first report on deliberate fragmentation of precursor ions at a higher-order component of the ion secular frequency combined with a successful mass analysis of the low-mass ions through pulsed CID and PqDCID.
Air and water stable 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids (1992)

A series of novel air and water stable low melting salts based upon the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation (EtMeim+) have been prepared and characterized; two salts, [EtMeim]BF4 and [EtMeim]MeCO2, are liquids under ambient conditions.
ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 function as the respective low and high affinity receptors of all Neu differentiation factor/heregulin isoforms. (1994)

Neu differentiation factor (NDF or heregulin) elevates tyrosine phosphorylation of the ErbB-2 receptor tyrosine kinase, and it was, therefore, thought to function as a ligand of this receptor. However, several lines of evidence raised the possibility that the interaction between NDF and ErbB-2 involves another molecule, which belongs to the family of epidermal growth factor receptors. To address this question we constructed soluble chimeric proteins between alkaline phosphatase and the extracellular domains of ErbB-2 and either ErbB-3 or ErbB-4, two newly recognized members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family. Using the soluble proteins we found that beta isoforms of NDF specifically bind to the ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 receptors but not to the soluble ErbB-2 protein. When ectopically expressed in monkey fibroblasts, the full-length ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 receptors conferred specific binding to NDF. In these cells ErbB-3 displayed lower ligand binding affinity than ErbB-4, but like the latter receptor it preferred to bind the beta isoform over the alpha class of NDFs. These results indicate that both ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 function as physiological receptors of all NDF isoforms and suggest that a still unknown ligand of ErbB-2 exists.
Enhanced Cytokinin Synthesis in Tobacco Plants Expressing PSARK::IPT Prevents the Degradation of Photosynthetic Protein Complexes During Drought (2010)

To identify genes associated with the cytokinin-induced enhanced drought tolerance, we analyzed the transcriptome of wild-type and transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum 'SR1') plants expressing P(SARK)::IPT (for senescence-associated receptor kinase::isopentenyltransferase) grown under well-watered and prolonged water deficit conditions using the tomato GeneChip. During water deficit, the expression of genes encoding components of the carotenoid pathway leading to ABA biosynthesis was enhanced in the wild-type plants, but repressed in the transgenic plants. On the other hand, transgenic plants displayed higher transcript abundance of genes involved in the brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathways. Several genes coding for proteins associated with Chl synthesis, light reactions, the Calvin-Benson cycle and photorespiration were induced in the transgenic plants. Notably, increased transcript abundance of genes associated with PSII, the cytochrome b(6)/f complex, PSI, NADH oxidoreductase and the ATP complex was found in the P(SARK)::IPT plants. The increased transcript abundance was assessed by quantitative PCR and the increased protein levels were confirmed by Western blots. Our results indicated that while the photosynthetic apparatus in the wild-type plants was degraded, photosynthesis in the transgenic plants was not affected and photosynthetic proteins were not degraded. During water deficit, wild-type plants displayed a significant reduction in electron transfer and photochemical quenching, with a marked increase in non-photochemical quenching, suggesting a decrease in energy transfer to the PSII core complexes and an increase in cyclic electron transfer reactions.
Antibodies against A peptide sequence located in the linker region of the HMG‐1/2 box domains in sera from patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (1997)

In addition to our previous finding that JRA sera will react with a defined epitope on HMG-17, pauciarticular JRA patient sera were also found to recognize a defined epitope on the HMG-2 protein, thus suggesting the importance of this epitope in the etiology of JRA.
Green fluorescent organic light-emitting device with external quantum efficiency of nearly 10% (2006)

Green fluorescent organic light-emitting device (OLED) exhibiting a high external quantum efficiency of nearly 10% has been developed. The OLED consists of simple three organic layers, using NPB, 0.8% C545T doped TPBA, and DBzA as a hole-transporting layer, an emitting layer, and an electron-transporting layer, respectively, [fluorocarbon coated indium tin oxide/NPB (60 nm)/08% C545T doped TPBA (40 nm)/DBzA (20 nm)/LiF (1 nm/Al], where NPB is 4,4′-bis (N-phenyl-1-naphthylamino)biphenyl, C545T is 10-(2-benzothiazolyl)-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H,11H-benzo[l]pyrano[6 7 8-ij]quinolizin-11-one, TPBA is 9,9′,10,10′-tetraphenyl-2,2′-bianthracene, and DBzA is 9,10-bis[4-(6-methylbenzothiazol-2-yl)phenyl]anthracene. The high external quantum efficiency is maintained in the wide range of current density of 2–100 mA∕cm2. The current efficiency and power efficiency of the OLED are also very high, 29.8 cd/A and 26.2 lm/W, respectively, at a current density of 20 mA/cm2. The OLED is promising for practical use with high color purity with Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage coordinates of (0.24, 0.62) and long half-lifetime of 71h at a current density of 80mA∕cm2 (initial luminance of 23900cd∕m2).
Chromatin and the cell cycle meet in Madrid (2008)

At the end of June 2008, researchers from diverse fields, ranging from chromatin remodeling to cell cycle control, gathered in Madrid at a Cantoblanco Workshop entitled 'Chromatin at the Nexus of Cell Division and Differentiation'. The work discussed at this meeting, which was co-organized by Crisanto Gutierrez, Ben Scheres and Ueli Grossniklaus, highlighted the emerging connections that exist between cell cycle regulation and chromatin in both animals and plants.
Depletion of Natural Killer Cell Function Decreases Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Null Mice (2004)

These studies demonstrate that NK cells infiltrate the vessel wall and promote atherosclerotic lesion development.
The functional significance, distribution, and structure of LFA-1, LFA-2, and LFA-3: cell surface antigens associated with CTL-target interactions. (1983)

Three cell surface antigens associated with the cytolytic T lymphocyte(CTL)-target cell interaction were identified by generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against OKT4+, HLA-DR-specific CTL and selection for inhibition of cytolysis in a 51Cr-release assay. These MAb block cytolysis by both OKT4+ and OKT8+ CTL and the proliferative responses to PHA and the mixed lymphocyte response (MLR). LFA-1 is an antigen widely distributed on lymphoid tissues and is composed of two polypeptides of 177,000 and 95,000 Mr on all cell types studied. Anti-LFA-1 MAb block NK cell-mediated cytolysis in addition to T lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and proliferation. LFA-2 (Mr = 55,000 to 47,000), a determinant on the sheep red blood cell receptor, is expressed by T cells but not B cells and appears specific for T cell functions. LFA-3 (Mr = 60,000) is a widely distributed antigen present on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic tissues and appears to only be involved in T cell functions. MAb to LFA-1 and LFA-2 inhibit function by binding to effector cell surface molecules, whereas anti-LFA-3 MAb appear to block by binding to the target cells. Together with previously described molecules, LFA-1, LFA-2, and LFA-3 demonstrate the complexity of CTL-mediated cytotoxicity at the molecular level.
A simple tractor-trailer backing control law for path following (2010)

Backing of tractor-trailer systems is a problem addressed in many literatures. It is usually solved using various nonlinear-based control methods, which are often not easy to implement or tune. Similar to other work focused on backing a single axle trailer with a car like vehicle, we propose a two-tier controller that is simple and intuitive. However, ours is based upon curvature as opposed to hitch angle, which allows the control input to be more directly related to path specification and to handle path curvature discontinuity better. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the capability of this new algorithm applied to a full scale autonomous vehicle and trailer system in a real field environment using minimal sensing capability. Results demonstrate good performance on sloped grounds with various grades.
Recent advances towards azobenzene-based light-driven real-time information-transmitting materials (2012)

Photochromic switches that are able to transmit information in a quick fashion have attracted a growing interest within materials science during the last few decades. Although very fast photochromic switching materials working within hundreds of nanoseconds based on other chromophores, such as spiropyranes, have been successfully achieved, reaching such fast relaxation times for azobenzene-based photochromic molecular switches is still a challenge. This review focuses on the most recent achievements on azobenzene-based light-driven real-time information-transmitting systems. Besides, the main relationships between the structural features of the azo-chromophore and the thermal cis-to-trans isomerisation, the kinetics and mechanism are also discussed as a key point for reaching azoderivatives endowed with fast thermal back-isomerisation kinetics.
Cell-Cell Adhesion and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor in Breast Cancer (2001)

Abstract : The structural disintegration of normal epithelium is an early manifestation of cancer in mammary gland. Yet our knowledge on mechanisms controlling breast epithelial cell adhesion is still rudimentary. The increased content of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) and its close homologue the insulin receptor (IR) has been well documented in human breast cancer specimens. In this study we investigated how these hormone receptors modulate cell adhesion in breast carcinoma cells. Previously we developed MCF-7 human breast cancer cells overexpressing the IGF-IR. The major achievement of this work is the establishment of a new model consisting of MCF-7-derived cells overexpressing the IR that allowed the comparison of IR and IGF-IR functions. Our results strongly confirmed the specificity of the IGF-IR in promoting the large non-invasive tumor aggregates on biological matrix. For the first time we demonstrated that in breast cancer cells IGF-IR tyrosine kinase modulates the intercellular balance of Beta-catenin, the element of E-cadherin/catenin cell-cell adhesion complex. We continued to explore anti-tumor potentials of the antiestrogens and found that a synthetic steroid analog ICI 182,780 is a potent inhibitor of non-invasive breast tumor aggregates in three-dimensional culture.
Enantioselective Reductive Amination of α-Keto Acids to α-Amino Acids by a Pyridoxamine Cofactor in a Protein Cavity (1996)

Adipocyte lipid binding protein (ALBP) is a small 131 residue protein with a simple architecture that consists of two orthogonal planes of β-sheet secondary structure. This protein binds a variety of fatty acids in a large cavity formed between the two sheets such that the bound ligands are completely enclosed within the protein. In this paper, the synthesis of an ALBP conjugate (ALBP-PX) containing a pyridoxamine cofactor attached to a thiol within the protein interior is described. The conjugate was characterized by mass spectrometry, UV/vis spectroscopy, and gel filtration chromatography. ALBP-PX reductively aminates a number of alkyl, aryl, and side chain functionalized α-keto acids to α-amino acids with enantioselectivities as high as 94% ee.
Alterations in the adenine-plus-thymine-rich region of CEN3 affect centromere function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1987)

Centromere DNA from 11 of the 16 chromosomes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been analyzed and reveal three sequence elements common to each centromere, referred to as conserved centromere DNA elements (CDE). The adenine-plus-thymine (A + T)-rich central core element, CDE II, is flanked by two short conserved sequences, CDE I (8 base pairs [bp]) and CDE III (25 bp). Although no consensus sequence exists among the different CDE II regions, they do have three common features of sequence organization. First, the CDE II regions are similar in length, ranging from 78 to 86 bp measured from CDE I to the left boundary of CDE III. Second, the base composition is always greater than 90% A + T. Finally, the A and T residues in these segments are often arranged in runs of A and runs of T residues, sometimes with six or seven bases in a stretch. We constructed insertion, deletion, and replacement mutations in the CDE II region of the centromere from chromosome III, CEN3, designed to investigate the length and sequence requirements for function of the CDE II region of the centromere. We analyzed the effect of these altered centromeres on plasmid and chromosome segregation in S. cerevisiae. Our results show that increasing the length of CDE II from 84 to 154 bp causes a 100-fold increase in chromosome nondisjunction. Deletion mutations removing segments of the A + T-rich CDE II DNA also cause aberrant segregation. In some cases partial function could be restored by replacing the deleted DNA with fragments whose primary sequence or base composition is very different from that of the wild-type CDE II DNA. In addition, we found that identical mutations introduced into different positions in CDE II have very similar effects.
GPU-based Real-Time Approximation of the Ablation Zone for Radiofrequency Ablation (2011)

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is becoming a standard minimally invasive clinical procedure for the treatment of liver tumors. However, planning the applicator placement such that the malignant tissue is completely destroyed, is a demanding task that requires considerable experience. In this work, we present a fast GPU-based real-time approximation of the ablation zone incorporating the cooling effect of liver vessels. Weighted distance fields of varying RF applicator types are derived from complex numerical simulations to allow a fast estimation of the ablation zone. Furthermore, the heat-sink effect of the cooling blood flow close to the applicator's electrode is estimated by means of a preprocessed thermal equilibrium representation of the liver parenchyma and blood vessels. Utilizing the graphics card, the weighted distance field incorporating the cooling blood flow is calculated using a modular shader framework, which facilitates the real-time visualization of the ablation zone in projected slice views and in volume rendering. The proposed methods are integrated in our software assistant prototype for planning RFA therapy. The software allows the physician to interactively place virtual RF applicator models. The real-time visualization of the corresponding approximated ablation zone facilitates interactive evaluation of the tumor coverage in order to optimize the applicator's placement such that all cancer cells are destroyed by the ablation.
Time interleaved converter arrays (1980)

An A/D converter technique which uses an array of four 7b converters, with interleaved sampling intervals affording rates exceeding 2MHz, will be covered. A 10μ metal gate CMOS chip is used.
Local and Systemic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis (1988)

OSTEOPOROSIS is defined as a decrease in bone mass and strength leading to an increase in fractures, particularly of the vertebral bodies, proximal femur, and distal radius. According to this definition, the disorder must exist before the fracture occurs, but at present we cannot reliably diagnose osteoporosis before a fracture. Moreover, most hip and wrist fractures occur after a fall, and if there is no trauma the osteoporosis may never become clinically apparent. Even in vertebral crush fractures, which usually occur with little or no trauma, the defect in bone mass and strength may exist for years before fracture occurs. . . .
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) replacement of helper cell requirement in IFN-gamma production . Evidence for a novel AVP receptor on mouse lymphocytes. (1988)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP), a nine-amino acid neurohypophyseal hormone, is capable of replacing the helper cell requirement for IFN-gamma production by Lyt-2+ mouse splenic lymphocytes. We present data here showing that the AVP helper signal occurs via interaction with a novel R on splenic lymphocytes and involves primarily the N-terminal six-amino acid cyclic ring (pressinoic acid) with the C-terminal three-amino acid end of AVP playing a minor role. Pressinoic acid was capable of providing help at concentrations similar to those of AVP, whereas oxytocin and isoleucine pressinoic acid were 10- and 100-fold less effective, respectively. Isoleucine pressinoic acid has the same structure as pressinoic acid except for the substitution of isoleucine for phenylalanine in position 3 of the sequence. Consistent with the function data, R binding competitions with splenic lymphocyte membrane preparations showed that AVP and pressinoic acid competed similarly with [3H]AVP, whereas oxytocin and isoleucine pressinoic acid were much less effective competitors. Further characterization of the AVP lymphocyte R was performed using AVP analogues having well defined agonist and antagonist activities on either V1 (vasopressor) R or V2 (antidiuretic) R. The AVP helper signal was blocked by the V1 antagonist [d(CH2)1(5) Tyr(methyl)]AVP but not by another V1 antagonist, [d(CH2)1(5)D-Tyr(ethyl)2Val4]AVP. Both V1-R antagonists were able to block [3H]AVP binding to the V1-R on liver cells, whereas only the V1 antagonist that blocked AVP help was able to compete effectively for the spleen AVP-R. Neither a V2 agonist nor a V2 antagonist had any effect on AVP help in IFN-gamma production. These data strongly indicate the presence of a novel AVP-R on spleen lymphocytes, which is related to the classic V1-R on liver cell membranes.