gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, Single Volume, 9th Edition (2010)

Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, Single Volume, 9th Edition - Libros de Medicina - Cardiologia clinica - 208,00
Characterization of helper factors distinct from interleukin 2 necessary for the generation of allospecific cytolytic T lymphocytes. (1983)

The in vitro generation of primary murine allospecific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) from BALB/c (H-2d) spleen cell precursors in response to x-irradiated RDM4 (H-2k) tumor cells did not occur unless the cultures were supplemented with exogenous helper factors. Such CTL helper factors (CHF) could be provided by conditioned medium from cultures in which Sendai virus-immune BALB/c spleen cells were stimulated either with Sendai-infected cells (SC-CM) or with peptides cleaved by CNBr from intact virions (SP-CM). CHF activity stimulated by both antigens reached a maximum after day 3 of culture. In contrast, interleukin 2 (IL 2) activity peaked at day 2 and had essentially disappeared by day 4. Fractionation of day-4 SC-CM and SP-CM preparations by gel filtration revealed peaks of activity at apparent m.w. of 17,000 (CHF17) and 30,000 (CHF30). Under certain conditions, a peak of CHF activity appeared in the void volume with an apparent m.w. of 75,000 or greater. These results indicate that CHF activity is mediated by molecules distinct from IL 2.
Inhibiting the Arp2/3 Complex Limits Infection of Both Intracellular Mature Vaccinia Virus and Primate Lentiviruses (2004)

Characterizing cellular factors involved in the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is an initial step toward controlling replication of HIV-1. Actin polymerization mediated by the Arp2/3 complex has been found to play a critical role in some pathogens' intracellular motility. We have asked whether this complex also contributes to the viral life cycles including that of HIV-1. We have used both the acidic domains from actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex-binding proteins such as the Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) or cortactin, and siRNA directing toward Arp2 to inhibit viral infection. HIV-1, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and intracellular mature vaccinia virus (IMV) were sensitive to inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex, whereas MLV, HSV-1, and adenovirus were not. Interestingly, pseudotyping HIV-1 with vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G) overcame this inhibition. Constitutive inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex in the T-cell line H9 also blocked replication of HIV-1. These data suggested the existence of an Arp2/3 complex-dependent event during the early phase of the life cycles of both primate lentiviruses and IMV. Inhibiting the HIV-1's ability to activate Arp2/3 complex could be a potential chemotherapeutic intervention for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by In Vitro Stimulation With Interferon-γ, Tumor Necrosis Factor–α, and Interleukin-1β (1996)

Recent studies have documented evidence for the death of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) within advanced human atheroma. These lesions contain macrophages and T lymphocytes in addition to SMCs. We therefore investigated whether interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a cytokine secreted by T lymphocytes, or interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), two cytokines characteristically produced by activated macrophages, can trigger apoptosis of vascular SMCs. Simultaneous treatment with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and/or IL-1 beta but not with each cytokine alone promoted death of human and rat SMCs. Exposure for 48 hours to a combination of IFN-gamma (400 U/mL), TNF-alpha (400 U/mL), and IL-1 beta (100 U/mL) significantly (P < .001) increased the accumulation of oligonucleosomes comprising DNA fragments and histones in human SMCs. Electrophoresis of genomic DNA showed internucleosomal fragments of genomic DNA isolated from the cytokine-cotreated SMCs of both humans and rats. These cells exhibited morphological changes typical of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation. In situ 3' end labeling of DNA fragments with terminal transferase confirmed the fragmentation of genomic DNA in these cells. Simultaneous treatment with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta induced elaboration of nitrite, an end product of nitric oxide, in rat but not human SMCs. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine inhibited nitrite accumulation and also partly blocked cytokine-induced apoptosis of rat SMCs but had little effect on human SMCs, suggesting operation of both nitric oxide-dependent and -independent mechanisms for cytokine-induced apoptosis in vascular SMCs. Production of immune cytokines by vascular cells and/or infiltrating leukocytes may regulate apoptotic death of SMCs during atherogenesis.
A Multisubunit Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase from Soybean1 (1999)

A multisubunit form of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (ACCase) from soybean (Glycine max) was characterized. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of malonyl CoA from acetyl CoA, a rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis. The four known components that constitute plastid ACCase are biotin carboxylase (BC), biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), and the alpha- and beta-subunits of carboxyltransferase (alpha- and beta-CT). At least three different cDNAs were isolated from germinating soybean seeds that encode BC, two that encode BCCP, and four that encode alpha-CT. Whereas BC, BCCP, and alpha-CT are products of nuclear genes, the DNA that encodes soybean beta-CT is located in chloroplasts. Translation products from cDNAs for BC, BCCP, and alpha-CT were imported into isolated pea (Pisum sativum) chloroplasts and became integrated into ACCase. Edman microsequence analysis of the subunits after import permitted the identification of the amino-terminal sequence of the mature protein after removal of the transit sequences. Antibodies specific for each of the chloroplast ACCase subunits were generated against products from the cDNAs expressed in bacteria. The antibodies permitted components of ACCase to be followed during fractionation of the chloroplast stroma. Even in the presence of 0.5 M KCl, a complex that contained BC plus BCCP emerged from Sephacryl 400 with an apparent molecular mass greater than about 800 kD. A second complex, which contained alpha- and beta-CT, was also recovered from the column, and it had an apparent molecular mass of greater than about 600 kD. By mixing the two complexes together at appropriate ratios, ACCase enzymatic activity was restored. Even higher ACCase activities were recovered by mixing complexes from pea and soybean. The results demonstrate that the active form of ACCase can be reassembled and that it could form a high-molecular-mass complex.
iNEMI HFR-Free Leadership Project report (2010)

Recent environmental concerns over the safety of the halogenated flame retardants (HFR) used in commonplace FR4 based printed circuit boards (PCB) has prompted market demand for HFR-free computer systems. Unfortunately, this transition has been made difficult by concerns of the Thermo-Mechanical and Electrical properties on the HFR-Free laminates. As an example, the critical electrical properties of most HFR-free dielectrics currently on the market make high-speed bus designs such as DDR3 problematic without increasing the cost of the system. The iNEMI HFR-Free Leadership Project was developed to address these industry concerns. This paper shows the project plan and status to date.
Mapping and identification of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase gene (1982)

The thymidine kinase gene of vaccinia virus (VV) was mapped on the viral genome by using cloned fragments of the viral DNA to hybridize to early viral mRNA. Individual DNA fragments that represented about half of the viral genome were assayed, both for their ability to arrest the cell-free synthesis of active VV thymidine kinase and for their ability to select functional mRNA for the viral enzyme. Both activities were located in HindIII fragment J, which maps near the middle of VV DNA and contains about 2.6% of the genome (4,800 base pairs). This DNA fragment encodes four known early polypeptides, and to determine which of these was thymidine kinase, early VV mRNA was fractionated by sucrose gradient centrifugation and used to direct cell-free synthesis of the active enzyme. The thymidine kinase mRNA cosedimented with several species that encoded polypeptides in the molecular weight range 15,000 to 25,000. Hybridization of these mRNAs to HindIII-J DNA selected a message that directed the synthesis of thymidine kinase and a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 19,000. The native molecular weight of VV thymidine kinase is about 80,000, so these data indicate that, unlike thymidine kinase from several other sources, the active VV enzyme is probably a tetramer of 19,000-molecular-weight subunits.
Herpes simplex virus 1 gamma(1)34.5 gene function, which blocks the host response to infection, maps in the homologous domain of the genes expressed during growth arrest and DNA damage. (1994)

The gamma(1)34.5 gene of herpes simplex virus is dispensable in some cell lines (e.g., Vero). In others (e.g., human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-SH), the gamma(1)34.5- deletion mutant triggers a premature total shutoff of all protein synthesis, thereby rendering the cell nonviable and reducing drastically viral yields. The inability to prevent the cellular stress response that causes the infected cell to die may be responsible for the inability of the deletion mutant to multiply and cause pathology in the central nervous system of mice. The gamma(1)34.5 gene consists of an amino-terminal domain, a variable linker sequence consisting of 3 amino acids repeated 5-10 times, and a carboxyl-terminal domain homologous to the corresponding domain of MyD116, a gene expressed in myeloid leukemia cells induced to differentiate by interleukin 6, and growth arrest and DNA damage gene 34 (GADD34), a gene induced by growth arrest and DNA damage. We have constructed several viral mutants from which various domains of the gamma(1)34.5 gene had been deleted or rendered mute by the insertion of a stop codon. Studies on those mutants show that the domain of the gamma(1)34.5 gene necessary to preclude the total shutoff of protein synthesis corresponds to the carboxyl-terminal domain of the gamma(1)34.5 gene homologous to the corresponding coding domain of the MyD116 and GADD34 genes.
Neck Circumference as a Simple Screening Measure for Identifying Overweight and Obese Patients (2001)

NC measurement is a simple and time-saving screening measure that can be used to identify overweight and obese patients. Men with NC <37 cm and women with NC <34 cm are not to be considered overweight. Patients with NC > or =37 cm for men and > or =34 cm for women require additional evaluation of overweight or obesity status.
Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable Electro‐optic Polymer from a Smartly Controlled Crosslinking Process (2003)

A nonlinear optical polymer , which is thermoreversibly crosslinkable (see Figure), has been developed to overcome the nonlinearity–stability trade‐off in poled polymers. High poling efficiency has been achieved after controlled, mild lattice hardening via the Diels–Alder crosslinking reaction. The resulting material exhibits a large electro‐optic coefficient ( r 33 = 76 pm V –1 at 1.3 μm) and excellent temporal stability.
Liver Glucokinase: Decreased Activity in Patients with Type II Diabetes (1995)

Because of the demonstration of a genetic linkage between glucokinase and Type II diabetes, and the central role of glucokinase on glucose metabolism, we studied glucokinase activity in the liver of patients with and without Type II diabetes. Glucokinase activity was decreased by about 50% in obese subjects with diabetes (n = 12) compared with (p < 0.01) lean controls (n = 9) and (p < 0.05) obese controls (n = 10). There was no difference between lean and obese controls. Fifty percent of subjects with diabetes had lower liver glucokinase activity than the lowest value of the controls. These data further support the important role that glucokinase plays in the pathogenesis of Type II diabetes.
From gels to chips: ?Minisequencing? primer extension for analysis of point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (1999)

In the minisequencing primer extension reaction, a DNA polymerase is used specifically to extend a primer that anneals immediately adjacent to the nucleotide position to be analyzed with a single labeled nucleoside triphospate complementary to the nucleotide at the variant site. The reaction allows highly specific detection of point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Because all SNPs can be analyzed with high specificity at the same reaction conditions, minisequencing is a promising reaction principle for multiplex high-throughput genotyping assays. It is also a useful tool for accurate quantitative PCR-based analysis. This review discusses the different approaches, ranging from traditional gel-based formats to multiplex detection on microarrays that have been developed and applied to minisequencing assays.
A Mutation in a 3‐Keto‐Acyl‐ACP Synthase II Gene is Associated with Elevated Palmitic Acid Levels in Soybean Seeds (2006)

Palmitic acid is the major saturated fatty acid component of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil, typically accounting for approximately 11% of total seed oil content. Several genetic loci have been shown to control the seed palmitate content of soybean. One such locus, fap 2 , mediates an elevated seed palmitate phenotype. Previous biochemical studies indicated that the fap 2 locus is associated with a reduction in the activity of 3‐keto‐acyl‐ACP synthase II (KAS II), an enzyme that initiates the elongation of palmitoyl‐ACP to stearoyl‐ACP in the plastid. The objective of the present research was to define the molecular basis by which the fap 2 locus increases seed palmitate levels. We isolated two closely related, yet unique KAS II cDNAs, designated GmKAS IIA and GmKAS IIB, from soybean cultivar Century ( Fap 2 , Fap 2 ) and its derivative high palmitate germplasm C1727 ( fap 2 , fap 2 ). The GmKAS IIB cDNAs recovered from Century and C1727 were identical. In contrast, a single base‐pair substitution was found in the GmKAS IIA gene from C1727 versus Century which converted a tryptophan codon into a premature stop codon, a mutation that would be predicted to render the encoded enzyme nonfunctional. Knowledge of the DNA sequence polymorphism led to the development a facile, robust cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker that readily distinguishes the mutant GmKAS IIA gene. This marker faithfully associated with a second independent germplasm line bearing the fap 2 locus, and thus may be useful in breeding programs that target the development of high palmitate soybean cultivars.
Application of Circulation Control to Advanced Subsonic Transport Aircraft, Part I - Airfoil Development (1994)

An experimental/ analytical research program was undertaken to develop advanced versions of circulation control wing (CCW) blown high-lift airfoils, and to address specific issues related to their application to subsonic transport aircraft. The primary goal was to determine the feasibility and potential of these pneumatic airfoils to increase high-lift system performance in the terminal area while reducing system complexity. A four-phase program was completed, including 1) experimental development and evaluation of advanced CCW high-lift configurations, 2) development of effective pneumatic leading-edge devices, 3) computational evaluation of CCW airfoil designs plus high-lift and cruise capabilities, and 4) investigation of the terminal-area performance of transport aircraft employing these airfoils. The first three phases of this program are described in Part I of this article. Applications to the high-lift and control systems of advanced subsonic transport aircraft and resulting performance are discussed in the continuation of this article, Part II. Experimental lift coefficient values approaching 8.0 at zero incidence and low blowing rates were demonstrated by two-dimensional CCW configurations that promised minimal degradation of the airfoil's performance during cruise. These results and experimental/CFD methods will be presented in greater detail in the following discussions.
Dimethyl sulfoxide-trifluoroacetic anhydride. New reagent for oxidation of alcohols to carbonyls (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDimethyl sulfoxide-trifluoroacetic anhydride. New reagent for oxidation of alcohols to carbonylsKanji Omura, Ashok K. Sharma, and Daniel SwernCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 6, 957–962Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00868a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00868a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4052Altmetric-Citations239LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alu polymerase chain reaction: a method for rapid isolation of human-specific sequences from complex DNA sources. (1989)

Current efforts to map the human genome are focused on individual chromosomes or smaller regions and frequently rely on the use of somatic cell hybrids. We report the application of the polymerase chain reaction to direct amplification of human DNA from hybrid cells containing regions of the human genome in rodent cell backgrounds using primers directed to the human Alu repeat element. We demonstrate Alu-directed amplification of a fragment of the human HPRT gene from both hybrid cell and cloned DNA and identify through sequence analysis the Alu repeats involved in this amplification. We also demonstrate the application of this technique to identify the chromosomal locations of large fragments of the human X chromosome cloned in a yeast artificial chromosome and the general applicability of the method to the preparation of DNA probes from cloned human sequences. The technique allows rapid gene mapping and provides a simple method for the isolation and analysis of specific chromosomal regions.
Source localization using recursively applied and projected (RAP) MUSIC (1999)

A new method for source localization is described that is based on a modification of the well-known MUSIC algorithm. In classical MUSIC, the array manifold vector is projected onto an estimate of the signal subspace. Errors in the estimate of the signal subspace can make localization of multiple sources difficult. Recursively applied and projected (RAP) MUSIC uses each successively located source to form an intermediate array gain matrix and projects both the array manifold and the signal subspace estimate into its orthogonal complement. The MUSIC projection to find the next source is then performed in this reduced subspace. Special assumptions about the array manifold structure, such as Vandermonde or shift invariance, are not required. Using the metric of principal angles, we describe a general form of the RAP-MUSIC algorithm for the case of diversely polarized sources. Through a uniform linear array simulation with two highly correlated sources, we demonstrate the improved Monte Carlo error performance of RAP-MUSIC relative to MUSIC and two other sequential subspace methods: S and IES-MUSIC. We then demonstrate the more general utility of this algorithm for multidimensional array manifolds in a magnetoencephalography (MEG) source localization simulation.
AMD070, a CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor Antagonist: Practical Large-Scale Laboratory Synthesis (2008)

An efficient and convergent four-step synthetic route to the CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist AMD070 (1) has been developed which employs only a single chromatographic step in the entire sequence. Novel reductive amination methods have been developed for the coupling of 2 and 3 in which a dehydrative imine formation is followed by reduction with an attenuated borohydride reagent (zinc chloride and sodium borohydride). Selective extraction methods were employed to purify synthetic intermediates and remove reagents and impurities. A procedure has also been developed to isolate 1 in a pure crystalline form.
Gene expression profiling-based identification of cell-surface targets for developing multimeric ligands in pancreatic cancer (2008)

Multimeric ligands are ligands that contain multiple binding domains that simultaneously target multiple cell-surface proteins. Due to cooperative binding, multimeric ligands can have high avidity for cells (tumor) expressing all targeting proteins and only show minimal binding to cells (normal tissues) expressing none or only some of the targets. Identifying combinations of targets that concurrently express in tumor cells but not in normal cells is a challenging task. Here, we describe a novel approach for identifying such combinations using genome-wide gene expression profiling followed by immunohistochemistry. We first generated a database of mRNA gene expression profiles for 28 pancreatic cancer specimens and 103 normal tissue samples representing 28 unique tissue/cell types using DNA microarrays. The expression data for genes that encode proteins with cell-surface epitopes were then extracted from the database and analyzed using a novel multivariate rule-based computational approach to identify gene combinations that are expressed at an efficient binding level in tumors but not in normal tissues. These combinations were further ranked according to the proportion of tumor samples that expressed the sets at efficient levels. Protein expression of the genes contained in the top ranked combinations was confirmed using immunohistochemistry on a pancreatic tumor tissue and normal tissue microarrays. Coexpression of targets was further validated by their combined expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines using immunocytochemistry. These validated gene combinations thus encompass a list of cell-surface targets that can be used to develop multimeric ligands for the imaging and treatment of pancreatic cancer.