gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiences of handling multimedia in distributed open systems (1992)

The implementation and use of a platform designed to support distributed multimedia applications is described. The platform provides a programming interface compatible with emerging ODP standards, and uses a transputer based workstation enhancement unit to provide the necessary performance. Implementing such a platform, where the dual concerns of open systems compatibility and performance needed to be addressed, poses a unique set of challenges. The design decisions taken in our implementation are evaluated, and our experiences of both implementing and using the platform are presented. 1. Introduction This paper describes the results of on-going research at Lancaster aimed at producing a platform to support distributed multimedia applications. The problems of providing such a platform are compounded by the need to provide high-performance (in order to support many of the more demanding media types) whilst working within the proposed ISO ODP (Open Distributed Processing) architectural f...
Characterization of sialyltransferase mutants using surface plasmon resonance (2001)

Sialyltransferases are enzymes responsible for the important sialylation of glycoconjugates. Since crystal structures are not available, other tools are needed to study enzymatic mechanisms. As a model, we used human alpha2,6-sialyltransferase. A putative acceptor-binding domain containing the small and the very small sialyl motifs was randomly mutated. This resulted in enzymes with altered enzymatic activity. Affinity chromatography demonstrated that their binding to donor substrate was maintained. To illustrate the role of the mutated domain in acceptor binding, a method based on surface plasmon resonance was set up. Only at low salt and high acceptor concentration was association of wild-type ST6GalI with asialofetuin demonstrated. As expected, this interaction was affected by cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid, the donor substrate, which proves the specificity of the interaction. Different types of mutants were found. For some, the drop in activity could be explained by loss in affinity for the acceptor. For others, the catalytic center, but not the acceptor-binding site, was affected. Neither acceptor binding nor catalytic activity were limited to the sialyl motifs. To our knowledge, this is the first example in which surface plasmon resonance is successfully used to demonstrate the binding of a glycosyltransferase to its natural acceptor.
Laserfragmentierung von anorganischen und organischen Mikropartikel‐Suspensionen zu Nanopartikel‐Kolloiden (2010)

Abstract Es besteht ein hoher Bedarf an hochreinen, stabilen Nanopartikel‐Kolloiden für medizinische und technische Anwendungen. Das Potenzial des kontaminationsfreien Zerkleinerungsverfahrens des Laserfragmentierens von Mikropartikel‐Suspensionen im Batch‐ und im Durchfluss‐Laserfragmentierungsaggregat wird anhand von magnetischen (Eisenoxid), hartkeramischen (Bornitrid, Wolframcarbid) und bioaktiven (Vitamin C, Capsaicin) Nanopartikeln erstmals demonstriert. Eine erste Wertschöpfungsanalyse beschreibt wirtschaftliche Aspekte.
myo-Inositol oxygenase: molecular cloning and expression of a unique enzyme that oxidizes myo-inositol and d-chiro-inositol (2001)

myo-Inositol oxygenase (MIOX) catalyses the first committed step in the only pathway of myo-inositol catabolism, which occurs predominantly in the kidney. The enzyme is a non-haem-iron enzyme that catalyses the ring cleavage of myo-inositol with the incorporation of a single atom of oxygen. A full-length cDNA was isolated from a pig kidney library with an open reading frame of 849 bp and a corresponding protein subunit molecular mass of 32.7 kDa. The cDNA was expressed in a bacterial pET expression system and an active recombinant MIOX was purified from bacterial lysates to electrophoretic homogeneity. The purified enzyme displayed the same catalytic properties as the native enzyme with K(m) and k(cat) values of 5.9 mM and 11 min(-1) respectively. The pI was estimated to be 4.5. Preincubation with 1 mM Fe(2+) and 2 mM cysteine was essential for the enzyme's activity. D-chiro-Inositol, a myo-inositol isomer, is a substrate for the recombinant MIOX with an estimated K(m) of 33.5 mM. Both myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Thus an understanding of the regulation of MIOX expression clearly represents a potential window on the aetiology of diabetes as well as on the control of various intracellular phosphoinositides and key signalling pathways.
Mechanical bioeffects from diagnostic ultrasound: AIUM consensus statements. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. (2000)

Peer Reviewed
Epithelial Migration in the Colon: Filling in the Gaps (1997)

1. The efficient repair of gastrointestinal mucosal injuries is essential in the preservation of the epithelial barrier to luminal antigens. Accumulated evidence suggests that epithelial migration plays a major part in this repair by rapidly resealing defects induced by both physiological and pathological insults, a process termed restitution. 2. This migration has been modelled in various ways, most commonly in mechanically wounded monolayers of cell lines or cells in primary culture, and in wounded human or animal tissue. Evidence from these models indicates that migration is a highly complex process, which is likely to involve the tightly controlled spatial and temporal interaction of multiple factors: (i) extracellular molecules such as soluble factors (e.g. growth factors, trefoil peptides, cytokines) and matrix components (e.g. collagen, laminin, fibronectin); (ii) signalling molecules activated by the interaction of these factors with cell surface receptors (e.g. protein kinases, phospholipases, low-molecular-weight GTPases); (iii) factors which regulate adhesion to other cells (e.g. E-cadherin) and to matrix components (e.g. integrins, hyaluronic acid receptors); (iv) factors which regulate detachment from the extracellular matrix (e.g. urokinase-type plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinases); and (v) molecules which regulate cytoskeletal function (e.g. Rac), which allows the formation of specialized cellular processes termed lamellipodia. 3. The identification of physiologically relevant factors that stimulate epithelial cell migration, and a better understanding of their mechanism of action, may be beneficial in the development of novel therapeutic approaches in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease through the pharmacological or dietary enhancement of this migration.
The Hippocampus Book (2006)

Abstract The hippocampus is one of a group of remarkable structures embedded within the brain's medial temporal lobe. Long known to be important for memory, it has been a prime focus of neuroscience research for many years. This book aims to facilitate developments in the field in a major way by bringing together contributions by leading international scientists knowledgeable about hippocampal anatomy, physiology, and function. This book offers an up-to-date account of what the hippocampus does, how it does it, and what happens when things go wrong. At the same time, it illustrates how research focusing on this single brain structure has revealed principles of wider generality for the whole brain in relation to anatomical connectivity, synaptic plasticity, cognition and behavior, and computational algorithms. Well-organized in its presentation of both theory and experimental data, this book illustrates the astonishing progress that has been made in unraveling the workings of the brain.
Oral anti-IgE immunization with epitope-displaying phage (2000)

An essential requirement for oral vaccines is the ability to survive the harsh environment of the stomach in an antigenically intact form. As bacteriophages are adapted to this environment we used epitope-displaying M13 bacteriophages as carriers for an experimental oral anti-IgE vaccine. The feasibility of this approach was tested in a simulated gastric fluid using two different mimotopes as well as an anti-idiotypic Fab of the non-anaphylactogenic monoclonal anti-IgE antibody BSW17. All phage clones remained infective after this treatment. However, only epitopes displayed on the pVIII protein were still recognized by BSW17 whereas pIII-expressed epitopes were rapidly inactivated. Surprisingly, when used for oral immunization of mice all phage clones induced anti-IgE antibodies. In contrast, oral immunization with the purified, pVIII protein displaying the mimotope induced anti-phage but no anti-IgE antibodies. After feeding a single dose of mimotope-displaying bacteriophage, phage DNA could be detected in mouse feces for 10 days. Our results show that epitope-displaying bacteriophages can be used to induce an epitope-specific antibody response via the oral route.
Uncertain Litigation Cost and Seller Behavior: Evidence from an Auditing Game (1998)

This paper reports the results of two experiments, each consisting of six sessions, designed to investigate difficulties that arise in estimating expected litigation costs in an auditing game. In each experimental session, the game consists of a series of periods in which sellers submit sealed offers to computerized buyers and, if hired, choose an effort level (low or high). The effort level affects the certain (direct) and uncertain (litigation) costs of performing the engagement. Across the two experiments, we vary the uncertainty surrounding the determination of the expected litigation cost. Our results strongly suggest that cognitive limitations hinder sellers' abilities to estimate total expected litigation costs. Across both experiments we observe a nontrivial number of suboptimal effort choices. Moreover, as the uncertainty of determining the expected litigation cost increases, the frequency of observed fee offers below the total expected cost of an engagement increases markedly.
Cloning and Characterization of a Gene, pbpF , Encoding a New Penicillin-Binding Protein, PBP2B, in Staphylococcus aureus (1999)

A previously unrecognized penicillin binding protein (PBP) gene, pbpF, was identified in Staphylococcus aureus. This gene encodes a protein of 691 amino acid residues with an estimated molecular mass of 78 kDa. The molecular mass is very close to that of S. aureus PBP2 (81 kDa), and the protein is tentatively named PBP2B. PBP2B has three motifs, SSVK, SSN, and KTG, that can be found in PBPs and beta-lactamases. Recombinant PBP2B (rPBP2B), which lacks a putative signal peptide at the N terminus and has a histidine tag at the C terminus, was expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified rPBP2B was shown to have penicillin binding activity. A protein band was detected from S. aureus membrane fraction by immunoblotting with anti-rPBP2B serum. Also, penicillin binding activity of the protein immunoprecipitated with anti-rPBP2B serum was detected. These results suggest the presence of PBP2B in S. aureus cell membrane that covalently binds penicillin. The internal region of pbpF and PBP2B protein were found in all 12 S. aureus strains tested by PCR and immunoblotting.
Biodistribution of polysorbate 80-coated doxorubicin-loaded [14C]-poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles after intravenous administration to glioblastoma-bearing rats (2006)

It was recently shown that doxorubicin (DOX) bound to polysorbate-coated nanoparticles (NP) crossed the intact blood-brain barrier (BBB), and thus reached therapeutic concentrations in the brain. Here, we investigated the biodistribution in the brain and in the body of poly(butyl-2-cyano[3-(14)C]acrylate) NP ([(14)C]-PBCA NP), polysorbate 80 (PS 80)-coated [(14)C]-PBCA NP, DOX-loaded [(14)C]-PBCA NP in glioblastoma 101/8-bearing rats after i.v. injection. The biodistribution profiles and brain concentrations of radiolabeled NP were determined by radioactivity counting after i.v. administration in rats. Changes in BBB permeability after tumour inoculation were assessed by i.v. injection of Evans Blue solution. The accumulation of NP in the tumour site and in the contralateral hemisphere in glioblastoma bearing-rats probably was augmented by the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR effect) that may have been becoming instrumental due to the impaired BBB on the NP delivery into the brain. The uptake of the NP by the organs of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was reduced after PS 80-coating, but the addition of DOX increased again the concentration of NP in the RES.
Development and Test Results for a Vision-Based Approach to AVCS (1993)

To improve ground transportation, the United States began a program called the Intelligent Vehicle / Highway Systems (IVHS), sometimes called Smart Cars / Smart Roads. One of five IVHS components, the Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS), envisions autonomous vehicles that drive themselves, following their lane and avoiding other vehicles, all the while receiving routing and road information from an automatic traffic surveillance and planning system. Potentially, computer vision can fulfill many of the sensory requirements of mobility and traffic monitoring. This paper presents the vision-based technology for AVCS developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Atestbed vehicle has demonstrated autonomous roadfollowing on a test course and on a highway at speeds of up to 90 km/hour under various weather and outdoor light conditions. This paper describes the latest highway tests, the algorithm development for autonomous vision-based car following, and the traf...
Controlled Synthesis of Multi-armed CdS Nanorod Architectures Using Monosurfactant System (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTControlled Synthesis of Multi-armed CdS Nanorod Architectures Using Monosurfactant SystemYoung-wook Jun, Sang-Min Lee, Nam-Jung Kang, and Jinwoo CheonView Author Information Department of Chemistry and School of Molecular Science BK21, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Taejon 305-701, Korea Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 21, 5150–5151Publication Date (Web):May 8, 2001Publication History Received5 March 2001Revised16 April 2001Published online8 May 2001Published inissue 1 May 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0157595https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0157595rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4716Altmetric-Citations510LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cadmium sulfide,Crystallization,Nanocrystals,Nanorods,Precursors Get e-Alerts
Traffic matrices (2005)

Traffic matrix estimation is well-studied, but in general has been treated simply as a statistical inference problem. In practice, however, network operators seeking traffic matrix information have a range of options available to them. Operators can measure traffic flows directly; they can perform partial flow measurement, and infer missing data using models; or they can perform no flow measurement and infer traffic matrices directly from link counts. The advent of practical flow measurement makes the study of these tradeoffs more important. In particular, an important question is whether judicious modeling, combined with partial flow measurement, can provide traffic matrix estimates that are signficantly better than previous methods at relatively low cost. In this paper we make a number of contributions toward answering this question. First, we provide a taxonomy of the kinds of models that may make use of partial flow measurement, based on the nature of the measurements used and the spatial, temporal, or spatio-temporal correlation exploited. We then evaluate estimation methods which use each kind of model. In the process we propose and evaluate new methods, and extensions to methods previously proposed. We show that, using such methods, small amounts of traffic flow measurements can have significant impacts on the accuracy of traffic matrix estimation, yielding results much better than previous approaches. We also show that different methods differ in their bias and variance properties, suggesting that different methods may be suited to different applications.
Quantifying loss minimisation in single-mode fibre tapers (1986)

The reduction of excess loss in practical single-mode fibre tapers requires the local taper angle to be smaller than an intuitive value. This qualitative criterion is quantified for various taper shapes. For a given taper length, loss is minimal for shapes which are similar to the shape obtained by assuming the intuitive value of angle everywhere along the taper.
Liquid levodopa/carbidopa produces significant improvement in motor function without dyskinesia exacerbation (1996)

We performed the first double-blind, crossover comparison between levodopa/carbidopa (LD/CD) in optimized liquid versus tablet doses to measure plasma LD levels and relative effects on disabilities (motor function, fluctuations, and dyskinesias) in patients with Parkinson's disease. Twenty-three subjects with motor fluctuations were optimized with open-label LD/CD tablets and liquid. In a double-dummy design, patients randomly received 2 weeks of liquid and 2 weeks of tablet LD/CD. Twice during each arm, we evaluated patients hourly 9 AM to 4 PM with the use of plasma LD levels, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, a dyskinesia rating scale, and "on-off" ratings. Patients receiving liquid LD/CD ingested significantly higher doses and had significantly improved motor function and total "on" time, without an increase in dyskinesia severity. The number of motor fluctuations in the two phases was not significantly different. LD levels and variability were also equivalent with the two formulations. At optimized dosing, liquid LD/CD offers a means to significantly improve motor disability in patients with Parkinson's disease without exacerbating dyskinesia.
ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME KETO-ANALOGUES OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID CALCIUM SALT USED IN SEVERE RENAL FAILURE (2012)

An Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographic (UPLC) method for the quantification of some keto analogues of essential amino acid calcium salt has been developed. The Acquity BEH C8 column with 100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d. and 1.7 µ particle size was used to achieve the separation. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile and 5 mM potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate with pH = 3.0 were used with gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min and UV detection was performed at 215 nm. The total analysis time of all four analytes is just 8.0 min. A System Suitability Test (SST) was developed to govern the quality of the separation. The developed method has been validated further with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, LOD, LOQ, and robustness. Different batches of samples were examined using this method. Furthermore, the method proved to be successful when applied to analyze a marketed formulation.
Agarose and methylcellulose hydrogel blends for nerve regeneration applications (2008)

Trauma sustained to the central nervous system is a debilitating problem for thousands of people worldwide. Neuronal regeneration within the central nervous system is hindered by several factors, making a multi-faceted approach necessary. Two factors contributing to injury are the irregular geometry of injured sites and the absence of tissue to hold potential nerve guides and drug therapies. Biocompatible hydrogels, injectable at room temperature, that rapidly solidify at physiological temperatures (37 degrees C) are beneficial materials that could hold nerve guidance channels in place and be loaded with therapeutic agents to aid wound healing. Our studies have shown that thermoreversible methylcellulose can be combined with agarose to create hydrogel blends that accommodate these properties. Three separate novel hydrogel blends were created by mixing methylcellulose with one of the three different agaroses. Gelation time tests show that the blends solidify at a faster rate than base methylcellulose at 37 degrees C. Rheological data showed that the elastic modulus of the hydrogel blends rapidly increases at 37 degrees C. Culturing experiments reveal that the morphology of dissociated dorsal root ganglion neurons was not altered when the hydrogels were placed onto the cells. The different blends were further assessed using dissolution tests, pore size evaluations using scanning electron microscopy and measuring the force required for injection. This research demonstrates that blends of agarose and methylcellulose solidify much more quickly than plain methylcellulose, while solidifying at physiological temperatures where agarose cannot. These hydrogel blends, which solidify at physiological temperatures naturally, do not require ultraviolet light or synthetic chemical cross linkers to facilitate solidification. Thus, these hydrogel blends have potential use in delivering therapeutics and holding scaffolding in place within the nervous system.