gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A model of visual masking for computer graphics (1997)

In this paper we develop a computational model of visual masking based on psychophysical data. The model predicts how the presence of one visual pattern affects the detectability of another. The model allows us to choose texture patterns for computer graphics images that hide the effects of faceting, banding, aliasing, noise and other visual artifacts produced by sources of error in graphics algorithms. We demonstrate the utility of the model by choosing a texture pattern to mask faceting artifacts caused by polygonal tesselation of a flat-shaded curved surface. The model predicts how changes in the contrast, spatial frequency, and orientation of the texture pattern, or changes in the tesselation of the surface will alter the masking effect. The model is general and has uses in geometric modeling, realistic image synthesis, scientific visualization, image compression, and image-based rendering.
The recognition of γδ TCR to protein antigen does not depend on the hydrophobic I97 residue of CDR3δ (2010)

The crystal structure analysis demonstrated that the hydrophobic amino acid residue (isolecuine/leucine/valine) at conserved position 97 of Vdelta2 TCR plays an important role in recognizing the non-peptide antigen. But its importance to protein antigen remains unclear until now. In the present study, we focus on the role of hydrophobic amino acid residue at conserved position 97 of Vdelta2 TCR in complementarity determining region (CDR)3delta-mediated binding to protein antigen. We employed CDR3delta peptide and membrane-engineered gammadelta TCR as detecting molecules with mutated 97 hydrophobic amino acid residue in CDR3delta (nominated as OT10), a Vdelta2 CDR3 sequence derived from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in ovarian epithelial carcinoma (OEC). Binding assays revealed that OT10 peptide and membrane-engineered gammadelta TCR (gammadelta TCR transfected cells with OT10 sequence) could bind specifically ovarian tumor cell line (SKOV3). The mutant analysis indicated that any amino acid substitution at position deltaI97 could abolish the response of the transfected cells to iso-butylamine, a known non-peptide antigen of gammadelta T cells. But amino acid substitution of isoleucine at position delta97 did not change the responsiveness of gammadelta TCR transfected cell to protein antigen. Our data suggested that a mechanism other than non-peptide antigen might mediate the recognition of Vdelta2gammadelta T cells for protein antigen. This finding may provide a possibility that gammadelta TCR recognize different ligands in diversity manners.
BRUWIN (1981)

With only one process viewable and operational at any moment, the standard terminal forces the user to continually switch between contexts. Yet this is unnatural and counter-intuitive to the normal working environment of a desk where the worker is able to view and base subsequent actions on multiple pieces of information. The window manager is an emerging computing paradigm which allows the user to create multiple terminals on the same viewing surface and to display and act upon these simultaneous processes without loss of context. Though several research efforts in the past decade have introduced window managers, they have been based on the design or major overhaul of a language or operating system; the window manager becomes a focus of—rather than a tool of—the system. While many of the existing implementations provide wide functionality, most implementations and their associated designs are not readily available for common use; extensibility is minimal. This paper describes the design and implementation of BRUWIN, the BRown University WINdow manager, stressing how such a design can be adapted to a variety of computer systems and output devices, ranging from alphanumeric terminals to high-resolution raster graphics displays. The paper first gives a brief overview of the general window manager paradigm and existing examples. Next we present an explanation of the user-level functions we have chosen to include in our general design. We then describe the structure and design of a window manager, outlining the five important parts in detail. Finally, we describe our current implementation and provide a sample session to highlight important features.
Relevance of Ara h1, Ara h2 and Ara h3 in peanut‐allergic patients, as determined by immunoglobulin E Western blotting, basophil–histamine release and intracutaneous testing: Ara h2 is the most important peanut allergen (2004)

We conclude that Ara h2 is, for our patient group, the most important peanut allergen, and that previously unidentified peanut proteins with molecular weights of somewhat smaller than 15 kDa may be important allergens as well. ICT in combination with basophil-HR and IgE immunoblotting provides insight in the patient specificity towards the individual peanut allergens.
Expression of the C– Met Protooncogene in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (1994)

The c-met protooncogene is a growth factor receptor with tyrosine kinase activity. Recently the hepatocyte growth factor was identified as the ligand for this receptor. Because the hepatocyte growth factor is a most potent mitogen in hepatocytes, possible involvement of c-met expression in hepatocarcinogenesis is suspected. In this study, we examined c-met expression in 23 hepatocellular carcinoma cases by means of Northern-blot analysis and an immunohistochemical study. Northern-blot analysis revealed c-met mRNA expression in the tumors of 6 of 19 patients (31.6%); in the immunohistochemical study, c-met protein was detected in 16 of 23 patients (69.6%). With both methods, c-met was found to be overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma compared with the surrounding normal liver. Comprehensive analysis showed that c-met protein expression was correlated with poor-to-moderate differentiation of cancer cells (p < 0.05). Tumor proliferative activity of hepatocellular carcinoma was evaluated by means of Ki-67 labeling index. All cases with increased tumor proliferative activity showed c-met protein expression, although the elevation of proliferative activity in the c-met-positive group was not statistically significant. These data suggest that the overexpression of c-met plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
MRI Detection of Early Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption (2008)

PE detected 2 hours after thrombolytic therapy predicts HT with high specificity. Contrast-enhanced MRI may provide a tool for studying HT and targeting future therapies to reduce risk of hemorrhagic complications.
The Spirochetal Etiology of Lyme Disease (1983)

We recovered a newly recognized spirochete from the blood, skin lesions (erythema chronicum migrans [ECM]), or cerebrospinal fluid of 3 of 56 patients with Lyme disease and from 21 of 110 nymphal or adult lxodes dammini ticks in Connecticut. These isolates and the original one from l. dammini appeared to have the same morphologic and immunologic features. In patients, specific IgM antibody titers usually reached a peak between the third and sixth week after the onset of disease; specific IgG antibody titers rose slowly and were generally highest months later when arthritis was present. Among 40 patients who had early disease only (ECM alone), 90 per cent had an elevated IgM titer (greater than or equal to 1:128) between the ECM phase and convalescence. Among 95 patients with later manifestations (involvement of the nervous system, heart, or joints), 94 per cent had elevated titers of IgG (greater than or equal to 1:128). In contrast, none of 80 control subjects had elevated IgG titers, and only three control patients with infectious mononucleosis had elevated IgM titers. We conclude that the I. dammini spirochete is the causative agent of Lyme disease.
Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Early and Late Outcome After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (1995)

Coronary angioplasty in diabetics is associated with high success and low complication rates. Although long-term survival is acceptable, diabetics have a higher rate of infarction and a greater need for additional revascularization procedures, probably because of early restenosis and late progression of coronary disease. The most appropriate treatment for these patients remains to be determined.
Towards Privacy Protection in a Middleware for Context-awareness. (2007)

Privacy is recognized as a fundamental issue for the provision of context-aware services. In this paper we present work in progress regarding the definition of a comprehensive framework for supporting context-aware services while protecting users' privacy. Our proposal is based on a combination of mechanisms for enforcing context-aware privacy policies and k-anonymity. Moreover, our proposed technique involves the use of stereotypes for generalizing precise identity information to the aim of protecting users' privacy.
History of CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells (2005)

1Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; 2Laboratory of Immunopathology, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, The Institute for Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; 3Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Science and Technology Agency of Japan, Kawaguchi 3320012, Japan
Bacterial growth kinetics in ACD‐A apheresis platelets: comparison of plasma and PAS III storage (2010)

We observed that five index organisms will grow in LR-AP stored in a 35%:65% ratio of plasma to InterSol where initial bacterial concentrations are 0.5 to 1.6 CFUs/mL. The more rapid initiation of log-phase growth for bacteria within a PAS storage environment resulted in a bacterial concentration up to 4 logs higher in the PAS units compared to the plasma units at 24 hours, but with no difference in the conc-max. This may present an early bacterial detection advantage for PAS-stored PLTs.
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction With Sequence-Specific Primers Typing for HLA-A, -B, and -C Alleles: Detection of Microchimerism in DR-Matched Individuals (1999)

It is widely accepted that donor leukocytes survive within the recipient periphery after blood transfusion or solid organ transplantation. The significance of this microchimerism remains unclear, partially because of the insecurity of assays used to detect the donor-derived material. The techniques used to detect donor-derived DNA within recipient peripheral blood rely largely on major histocompatibility complex class II polymorphism. We and others have shown that the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) typing for HLA class II alleles can be increased 100-fold by the addition of a primary amplification step (nested PCR-SSP). We have now extended this technique to encompass typing for HLA class I alleles, thereby adding flexibility to microchimerism testing by enabling testing of recipients HLA-DR matched with their donors. However, the high level of sensitivity achieved with the technique (1:100,000) leads to a concomitant decrease in the specificity that results in the amplification of unexpected products, a phenomenon we encountered in the development of our nested PCR-SSP typing system for HLA class II alleles. We describe here how it is possible to compensate for these anomalies by including multiple testing of a pretransfusion sample that acts as a specificity control, establishing a rigorous baseline for subsequent analysis.
Inhibition of growth of the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by ajoene (1989)

Ajoene, a garlic-derived compound that prevents platelet activation, inhibited the growth of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a fungal pathogen for humans, by affecting the integrity of the fungal cytoplasmic membrane. This action may be the basis for the study of ajoene as a possible specific antifungal drug.
An OFDM-based wireless ATM transmission system assisted by a cyclically extended PN sequence for future broad-band mobile multimedia communications (2001)

An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) transmission system is described that is suitable for the future broad-band mobile multimedia communications. In the proposed system, guard symbols, which are cyclically extended by repeating the information symbols, are inserted before and after serial-to-parallel converted wireless ATM data symbols for OFDM transmission. These symbols are used for both wireless ATM frame synchronization and deciding the discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) start point at the receiver. A cyclically extended pseudorandom noise (PN) sequence is inserted into some of the OFDM transmission subchannels at fixed intervals and used to estimate the phase rotation, frequency offset, and delay characteristics. The proposed system does not use "symbol-by-symbol" guard-interval insertion or removal circuits, as do conventional OFDM systems. With this system, it is easy to estimate the phase rotation, frequency offset, and delay characteristics and to synchronize wireless ATM cells. Computer simulation showed that the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed system is better than that of a conventional "symbol-by-symbol" OFDM system.
A Plant Leucine Zipper Protein That Recognizes an Abscisic Acid Response Element (1990)

The mechanism by which phytohormones, like abscisic acid (ABA), regulate gene expression is unknown. An activity in nuclear extracts that interacts with the ABA response element (ABRE) from the 5' regulatory region of the wheat Em gene was identified. A complementary DNA clone was isolated whose product is a DNA binding protein (EmBP-1) that interacts specifically with an 8-base pair (bp) sequence (CACGTGGC) in the ABRE. A 2-bp mutation in this sequence prevented binding of EmBP-1. The same mutation reduced the ability of the ABRE to confer ABA responsiveness on a viral promoter in a transient assay. The 8-bp EmBP-1 target sequence was found to be conserved in several other ABA-responsive promoters and in promoters from plants that respond to signals other than ABA. Similar sequences are found in promoters from mammals, yeast, and in the major late promoter of adenovirus. The deduced amino acid sequence of EmBP-1 contains conserved basic and leucine zipper domains found in transcription factors in plants, yeast, and mammals. EmBP-1 may be a member of a highly conserved family of proteins that recognize a core sequence found in the regulatory regions of various genes that are integrated into a number of different response pathways.
Study on Thermal Properties of Polymer Bonded HMX/TATB (2000)

The thermal properties of polymer bonded HMX/TATB are studied by using DSC and critical temperature determination,and the influence of additives on HMX′s thermal sensitivity,such as TATB,binder,Al powder and wax is discussed as well. The results indicate that TATB alone gives only one exothermic peak whereas TATB containing 5% binder two exothermic peak. When HMX content is over 40%,the DSC exothermic peak temperature of polymer bonded HMX/TATB approaches to that of HMX. The content of TATB in formulation obviously affects the critical temperature ( T cr ) of thermal explosion in 1 000 s. When TATB content is about 80%, T cr increases greatly.
High-sensitivity scanning calorimetric study of mixtures of cholesterol with dimyristoyl- and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholines (1978)

A highly sensitive and stable scanning microcalorimeter is employed in a reinvestigation of the effect of cholesterol on multilamellar suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Below 20 mol % cholesterol the DPPC mixtures give heat-capacity curves each of which can be resolved into a narrow and a broad peak, suggesting the coexistence of two immiscible solid phases; above 20 mol % only the broad peak is observed and this disappears at about 50 mol %. The DMPC mixtures show a more complicated behavior; from about 13.5 to 20 mol % cholesterol the observed curves appear to be the sum of three component peaks. As with the DPPC mixtures, only a single broad peak is observed above 20 mol % cholesterol, and this broad peak becomes undetectable above about 50 mol %. These results are discussed.
Architectural Problems of Reform in the Soviet Union: From Design to Collapse (2001)

This article examines reforms in the USSR. In any analysis of specific periods of Soviet history, the need exists to recognise that the basic features of the political and economic order were put in place within two years of the October 1917 Revolution and began to be fatally undermined only in the late 1980s. The maintenance of this order required permanent stabilising ingredients, but the inevitable consequence was a tendency to decay, which in turn necessitated recurrent reforming initiatives. Such reforms, however, could only be partial unless the entire order was to be jeopardised. This axiom was ignored by Gorbachev and the USSR collapsed.
IMMU-132, an SN-38 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting Τrop-2, as a novel platform for the therapy of diverse metastatic solid cancers: Clinical results. (2014)

3032 Background: IMMU-132 is an ADC of the internalizing, humanized, anti-Trop-2 antibody, hRS7, conjugated by a pH-sensitive linker, to SN-38, the active metabolite of CPT-11 (mean drug-antibody ratio = 7.6). Trop-2 is a type I transmembrane, calcium-transducing, protein expressed at high density (~1 x 10*5), frequency, and specificity by many human carcinomas, with limited normal tissue expression. Methods: We report the initial Phase I trial of 25 patients (pts) who had failed multiple prior therapies (some including topoisomerase-I/II inhibiting drugs), and the ongoing Phase II extension that focused on pts with colorectal (CRC), small-cell lung (SCLC) and triple-negative breast (TNBC) cancers. Results: Trop-2 is not detected in serum, but was strongly expressed (≥2+) in most archived tumors. In a 3+3 trial design, IMMU-132 was given on days 1 and 8 in repeated 21-day cycles, starting at 8 mg/kg/dose, then 12 and 18 mg/kg before dose-limiting neutropenia. To optimize cumulative treatment with minimal delays, phase II is focusing on 8 and 10 mg/kg (n=22 and 14, respectively). Most common non-hematological toxicities were fatigue (17 ≤G2 ,4 G3), nausea (20 ≤G2), diarrhea (12 ≤G2, 3 G3), alopecia (14), and vomiting (10 ≤G2) ; 2 pts had a rash. Homozygous UGT1A1 *28/*28 was found in 5 pts, 2 of whom had more severe hematological and GI toxicities. Over 80% of 24 assessable pts in Phase I had stable disease or tumor shrinkage (17 SD; 3 PR [CRC, TNBC, SCLC]) as best CT response; median TTP = 18 weeks for all pts, except pancreatic cancer. Of the 36 pts in the Phase II, 14 had their first response assessment by CT: 6 PD, 7 SD; 1 PR (SCLC) by RECIST1.1. Tumor markers (CEA, CA19-9) correlated with responses. No anti-hRS7 or anti-SN-38 antibodies were detected despite dosing over months. The conjugate clears within 7 days, consistent with in vivo animal studies where 50% of the SN-38 is released daily. Conclusions: These results indicate that this novel SN-38-containing ADC is active in metastatic solid cancers, with manageable diarrhea and neutropenia. The Phase II continues, while also accruing in other epithelial tumors. Clinical trial information: NCT01631552.
Detection of moving radioactive sources using sensor networks (2004)

A variety of recent applications have led to a great interest in the development and application of sensor networks with the goal of providing more effective detection of moving radioactive sources. This paper endeavors to analyze and evaluate the costs and benefits associated with the use of a network of radiation detectors for applications involving the detection of a moving radioactive source. This analysis is restricted to the one-dimensional case, i.e., to the case where the moving source is constrained to move along a single path. It is found that the relative advantage resulting from sensor dispersal depends upon the goals, objectives, and constraints of the measurement scenario. The dispersal of sensors into a network may be advisable or required for operational reasons, but from a statistical perspective does not directly lead to improved performance in terms of detection efficiency and false detection rate.
High-sensitivity laser-based acoustic microscopy using a modulated excitation source (2004)

A laser-based acoustic microscopy system has been developed that uses an amplified electroabsorption modulated diode laser for narrow bandwidth acoustic wave generation at frequencies up to 200 MHz. The detection bandwidth reduction afforded by this technique allows for a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio over systems using pulsed-laser excitation and broadband detection. Femtometer range displacement sensitivity is demonstrated, allowing for materials characterization with only minimal surface heating. The source modulation frequency is scanned over the bandwidth of interest and the transient response of the specimen is reconstructed from the frequency domain data. This signal processing approach allows for easy identification of individual acoustic arrivals or multiple acoustic modes.
Mosquito Oostatic Hormone (1991)

Mosquito oostatic hormone, a trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF) has been purified from the ovaries of female Aedes aegypti. The hormone is a decapeptide of molecular weight 1047.6. The primary sequence has been determined using mass spectra recorded on a quadrupole Fourier transform instrument. Injection of synthetic analogs into mosquitoes, biting midges, flies and fleas inhibited proteolytic enzyme biosynthesis in the midgut. The target tissue of the hormone is midgut epithelial cells, and binding of [3H]TMOF to midgut receptor was demonstrated in vivo. TMOF exhibits homology to mammalian, plant and several viral proteins. This is the first insect peptide hormone to share homology simultaneously with viral, plant and mammalian proteins. These results indicate that trypsin synthesis in mosquitoes and other insects may be regulated by sequence-related TMOFs that bind to midgut specific receptors.
Akt Mediates Cytoprotection of Endothelial Cells by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in an Anchorage-dependent Manner (1999)

Regulation of endothelial cell apoptosis is a critical modulator of normal and pathological angiogenesis. In this study, we examined the role of the protein kinase Akt/PKB in endothelial cell survival in response to growth factor and matrix attachment signals. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-induced cytoprotection of endothelial cell monolayers correlated with the wortmannin-sensitive induction of Akt activity. Transfection of an adenovirus expressing a dominant-negative Akt mutant decreased endothelial cell viability in the presence of VEGF. Conversely, adenoviral transduction of wild-type Akt facilitated the cell survival effects of VEGF, whereas transduction of constitutively active Akt conferred endothelial cell survival in the absence of VEGF. Constitutively active Akt also conferred survival to endothelial cells in suspension culture, whereas stimulation with VEGF did not. In suspension cultures, VEGF stimulation was unable to activate Akt, and Akt protein levels were repressed in cells undergoing anoikis. These data suggest that cross-talk between growth factor- and anchorage-dependent signaling pathways are essential for Akt activation and endothelial cell survival.