gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection of Mice Against a Lethal Influenza Challenge by Immunization with Yeast‐Derived Recombinant Influenza Neuraminidase (1997)

The head domain of recombinant neuraminidase of A/Victoria/3/75 influenza virus was produced in a secreted form in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris using the P. pastoris alcohol oxidase 1 promoter and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating-factor signal sequence. Cultures in shake flasks provided expression levels of approximately 2.5-3 mg/l. Recombinant neuraminidase was purified from the culture medium to over 99% homogeneity. Although P. pastoris-secreted products are believed to carry shorter N-linked carbohydrate side chains than glycoproteins of S. cerevisiae, secreted neuraminidase was hyperglycosylated, with N-glycans of the high-mannose type containing up to 30-40 mannose residues. N-glycans were phosphorylated and only partially sensitive to alpha-mannosidase treatment. Balb/c mice immunized three times with 2 microg purified recombinant neuraminidase were 50% protected against a lethal challenge of mouse-adapted homologous virus; removal of glycosylation at the top of neuraminidase resulted in improved protection. The results provide a system for the production of an effective recombinant influenza vaccine that can easily be scaled up.
Trans‐species hair growth induction by human hair follicle dermal papillae (2001)

A series of experimental bioassays has shown that the dermal papilla of the adult rodent vibrissa hair follicle retains unique inductive properties. In view of the many phenotypic and functional differences between specific hair follicle types, and the growing interest in hair follicle biology and disease, it remains important to establish that the human hair follicle dermal papilla has equivalent capabilities. In this study we tested the ability of human hair follicle papillae to induce hair growth when implanted into transected, athymic mouse vibrissa follicles. The implanted papillae that interacted with mouse follicle epithelium created new fibre-producing follicle end bulbs. The origin of the papillae in the recombinant structures was confirmed using laser capture microdissection and human specific gender determination by PCR. The demonstration that intact adult human dermal papillae can induce hair growth has implications for molecular analysis of basic hair growth mechanisms, particularly since the study involved common epithelial-mesenchymal signalling and recognition properties across species. It also improves the prospects for a cell-based clinical approach to hair follicle disorders.
Infantile Hypophosphatasia: Transplantation Therapy Trial Using Bone Fragments and Cultured Osteoblasts (2007)

Cumulative experience suggests that, after immune tolerance, donor bone fragments and marrow may provide precursor cells for distribution and engraftment in the skeletal microenvironment in HPP patients to form tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase-replete osteoblasts that can improve mineralization.
Web page caricatures: multimedia summaries for WWW documents (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of rapid browsing of a large set of World Wide Web documents, such as the results of a search engine query or a bookmark list. Traditional presentations of such lists are in the form of text, and require careful attention and often laborious efforts in order to discover relevant documents. We propose a visual representation of documents, called a caricature, which emphasizes the key points of a document in a way which quickly conveys these points to the user, and thus facilitates document selection. We describe a representation-independent WWW document summary, called a feature vector, which includes novel techniques for determining link density and a representative image among other features. An example caricature template for this feature vector is given, along with several examples of caricatures.
Kinetics of structural changes of reconstituted skeletal muscle thin filaments observed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. (1993)

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer was measured between probes attached to Troponin-I and actin in the reconstituted skeletal muscle thin filament. Cys-133 on TnI was labeled with 4-acetamido-4'-maleimidylstilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, and Lys-61 on actin was labeled with fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate. A large difference in the efficiency of resonance energy transfer was observed between the presence (0.55) and absence (0.76) of Ca2+, which corresponds to the change in the distance of 0.53 nm and is in good accordance with a previous report (Miki, M. (1990) Eur. J. Biochem. 187, 155-162). The fluorescence titration curve of this reconstituted thin filament was measured versus free Ca2+ concentration under physiological conditions in the presence of 8 mM MgCl2. The transfer efficiency changed sharply between pCa 6.9 and 5.75, with a midpoint at pCa 6.25, suggesting that a conformational change of thin filaments occurs with a highly cooperative mode. The time course of this conformational change was followed by measuring the fluorescence intensity change (energy transfer efficiency change) of the labeled reconstituted thin filament after rapid decrease or increase of free Ca2+ concentration with a stopped-flow fluorometer. When the free Ca2+ concentration was increased in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2, the fluorescence intensity increased (the transfer efficiency decreased) with a rate constant of 530 +/- 170 s-1 at 20 degrees C. On the other hand, when the free Ca2+ concentration was decreased, the fluorescence intensity decreased with a rate constant of 43 +/- 5 s-1. The results indicate that the conformational change observed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer corresponds well to the regulation mechanism by troponin-tropomyosin on the reconstituted skeletal muscle thin filament.
A Catalytically Essential Motif in External Loop 5 of the Bacterial Oligosaccharyltransferase PglB (2013)

Asparagine-linked glycosylation is a post-translational protein modification that is conserved in all domains of life. The initial transfer of a lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) onto acceptor asparagines is catalyzed by the integral membrane protein oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). The previously reported structure of a single-subunit OST enzyme, the Campylobacter lari protein PglB, revealed a partially disordered external loop (EL5), whose role in catalysis was unclear. We identified a new and functionally important sequence motif in EL5 containing a conserved tyrosine residue (Tyr293) whose aromatic side chain is essential for catalysis. A synthetic peptide containing the conserved motif can partially but specifically rescue in vitro activity of mutated PglB lacking Tyr293. Using site-directed disulfide cross-linking, we show that disengagement of the structurally ordered part of EL5 is an essential step of the glycosylation reaction, probably by allowing sequon binding or glyco-product release. Our findings define two distinct mechanistic roles of EL5 in OST-catalyzed glycosylation. These functions, exerted by the two halves of EL5, are independent, because the loop can be cleaved by specific proteolysis with only slight reduction in activity.
Seizure prediction: the long and winding road (2006)

The sudden and apparently unpredictable nature of seizures is one of the most disabling aspects of the disease epilepsy. A method capable of predicting the occurrence of seizures from the electroencephalogram (EEG) of epilepsy patients would open new therapeutic possibilities. Since the 1970s investigations on the predictability of seizures have advanced from preliminary descriptions of seizure precursors to controlled studies applying prediction algorithms to continuous multi-day EEG recordings. While most of the studies published in the 1990s and around the turn of the millennium yielded rather promising results, more recent evaluations could not reproduce these optimistic findings, thus raising a debate about the validity and reliability of previous investigations. In this review, we will critically discuss the literature on seizure prediction and address some of the problems and pitfalls involved in the designing and testing of seizure-prediction algorithms. We will give an account of the current state of this research field, point towards possible future developments and propose methodological guidelines for future studies on seizure prediction.
A DP based search using monotone alignments in statistical translation (1997)

In this paper, we describe a Dynamic Programming (DP) based search algorithm for statistical translation and present experimental results. The statistical translation uses two sources of information: a translation model and a language model. The language model used is a standard bigram model. For the translation model, the alignment probabilities are made dependent on the differences in the alignment positions rather than on the absolute positions. Thus, the approach amounts to a first-order Hidden Markov model (HMM) as they are used successfully in speech recognition for the time alignment problem. Under the assumption that the alignment is monotone with respect to the word order in both languages, an efficient search strategy for translation can be formulated. The details of the search algorithm are described. Experiments on the EuTrans corpus produced a word error rate of 5.1%.
Choice of Artificial Tear Formulation for Patients With Dry Eye (2012)

Dry eye is prevalent in many parts of the world. As a result, ophthalmologists and other health care professionals, such as optometrists and general practitioners, often help these patients manage their symptoms. The most common form of treatment for management of dry eye is over-the-counter tear lubricants. A number of tear lubricant formulations are available that vary by their mechanism of action. This article suggests simple guidelines on how lubricants can be selected for patients with mild to moderate dry eye. Side effects of lubricants, such as burning on instillation because of mismatches of eye drop with tear acidity, are also discussed.
All-organic thin-film transistors made of alpha-sexithienyl semiconducting and various polymeric insulating layers (1990)

Thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated with a variety of organic polymer insulators topped with a vacuum evaporated organic semiconductor, α-sexithienyl (α6T). No field-enhanced source-drain current was obtained with polystyrene (PSt) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The field-enhanced current is weak with polyvinyl chloride (PVC), but much stronger with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cyanoethylpullulan (CYEPL), a cyanoethylated polysaccharide which possesses a high dielectric constant (εr=18.5 at 10 kHz). In these last two instances, the field-effect mobility surpasses the one measured on TFTs made on a SiO2 insulating layer. A strong correlation is found between the dielectric constant of the insulator and the field-effect mobility.
A human machine interface for distributed virtual laboratories (1994)

To support a distributed virtual laboratory, the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University has developed Onika, an ironically programmed human machine interface with hypermedia capabilities. Onika can retrieve reconfigurable real-time software modules from remote sites via the Internet or World Wide Web and integrate these modules with locally developed modules. Developers can then use Onika to assemble the resulting reusable code into applications in order to control both local and remote robotic systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Delayed Transplantation of Adult Neural Precursor Cells Promotes Remyelination and Functional Neurological Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury (2006)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in loss of oligodendrocytes demyelination of surviving axons and severe functional impairment. Spontaneous remyelination is limited. Thus, cell replacement therapy is an attractive approach for myelin repair. In this study, we transplanted adult brain-derived neural precursor cells (NPCs) isolated from yellow fluorescent protein-expressing transgenic mice into the injured spinal cord of adult rats at 2 and 8 weeks after injury, which represents the subacute and chronic phases of SCI. A combination of growth factors, the anti-inflammatory drug minocycline, and cyclosporine A immunosuppression was used to enhance the survival of transplanted adult NPCs. Our results show the presence of a substantial number of surviving NPCs in the injured spinal cord up to 10 weeks after transplantation at the subacute stage of SCI. In contrast, cell survival was poor after transplantation into chronic lesions. After subacute transplantation, grafted cells migrated >5 mm rostrally and caudally. The surviving NPCs integrated principally along white-matter tracts and displayed close contact with the host axons and glial cells. Approximately 50% of grafted cells formed either oligodendroglial precursor cells or mature oligodendrocytes. NPC-derived oligodendrocytes expressed myelin basic protein and ensheathed the axons. We also observed that injured rats receiving NPC transplants had improved functional recovery as assessed by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale and grid-walk and footprint analyses. Our data provide strong evidence in support of the feasibility of adult NPCs for cell-based remyelination after SCI.
Gas-Phase Purification of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2000)

A gas-phase purification method for raw nanotube material has been developed which incorporates a chlorine, water, and hydrogen chloride gas mixture to remove unwanted carbon. The evolved gases can be easily monitored by infrared spectroscopy to follow the cleaning process. The quality of the final material was verified by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), and UV−vis (ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy). The yield of ∼15 wt % indicates a uniquely selective carbon surface chemistry that prevents etching of the nanotubes, which are generally more reactive due to their larger curvature. Although the technique's usefulness for large-scale purification was not determined, the ability to purify single-wall nanotubes by a gas-phase method has been demonstrated, and a mechanism proposed.
Protein misfolding and degradation in genetic diseases (1999)

Investigations of genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, phenylketonuria, mitochondrial acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies, and many others have shown that enhanced proteolytic degradation of mutant proteins is a common molecular pathological mechanism. Detailed studies of the fate of mutant proteins in some of these diseases have revealed that impaired or aberrant folding of mutant polypeptides typically results in prolonged interaction with molecular chaperones and degradation by intracellular proteases before the functional conformation is acquired. This appears to be the case for many missense mutations and short in-frame deletions or insertions that represent a major fraction of the mutations detected in genetic diseases. In some diseases, or under some circumstances, the degradation system is not efficient. Instead, aberrant folding leads to accumulation of protein aggregates that damage the cell. Mechanisms by which misfolded proteins are selected for degradation have first been delineated for the endoplasmatic reticulum; this process has been termed "protein quality control." Similar mechanisms appear to be operative in all cellular compartments in which proteins fold. Within the context of genetic diseases, we review knowledge on the molecular processes underlying protein quality control in the various subcellular compartments. The important impact of such systems for variability of the expression of genetic deficiencies is emphasised.
Stereochemistry of β-Deuterium Isotope Effects on Amine Basicity (2005)

Secondary beta-deuterium isotope effects on amine basicities are measured using a remarkably precise NMR titration method. Deuteration is found to increase the basicity of methylamine, dimethylamine, benzylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline, 2-methyl-2-azanorbornane, and pyrrolizidine. The increase in dimethylamine arises entirely from enthalpy, contrary to a previous report. The method permits a determination of intramolecular isotope effects in 1-benzyl-4-methylpiperidine and 2-benzyl-2-azanorbornane. It is found that deuteration has a larger isotope effect when either antiperiplanar or synperiplanar to a lone pair, but the synperiplanar effect is smaller, as confirmed by computations. The isotope effect is attributed to a lowered zero-point energy of a C-H bond adjacent to an amine nitrogen, arising from delocalization of either a syn or an anti lone pair, and with no detectable angle-independent inductive effect.
Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota (2019)

The human gut microbiota plays a vital role in both human health and disease. Studying the gut microbiota using an in vivo model, is difficult due to its complex nature, and its diverse association with mammalian components. The goal of this protocol is to culture the gut microbiota in vitro, which allows for the study of the gut microbiota dynamics, without having to consider the contribution of the mammalian milieu. Using in vitro culturing technology, the physiological conditions of the gastro intestinal tract are simulated, including parameters such as pH, temperature, anaerobiosis, and transit time. The intestinal surface of the colon is simulated by adding mucin-coated carriers, creating a mucosal phase, and adding further dimension. The gut microbiota is introduced by inoculating with the human fecal material. Upon inoculation with this complex mixture of bacteria, specific microbes are enriched in the different longitudinal (ascending, transverse and descending colons) and transversal (luminal and mucosal) environments of the in vitro model. It is crucial to allow the system to reach a steady state, in which the community and the metabolites produced remain stable. The experimental results in this manuscript demonstrate how the inoculated gut microbiota community develops into a stable community over time. Once steady state is achieved, the system can be used to analyze bacterial interactions and community functions or to test the effects of any additives on the gut microbiota, such as food, food components, or pharmaceuticals.
Bacterial Phage Receptors, Versatile Tools for Display of Polypeptides on the Cell Surface (2001)

Four outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli were examined for their capabilities and limitations in displaying heterologous peptide inserts on the bacterial cell surface. The T7 tag or multiple copies of the myc epitope were inserted into loops 4 and 5 of the ferrichrome and phage T5 receptor FhuA. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that peptides of up to 250 amino acids were efficiently displayed on the surface of E. coli as inserts within FhuA. Strains expressing FhuA fusion proteins behaved similarly to those expressing wild-type FhuA, as judged by phage infection and colicin sensitivity. The vitamin B(12) and phage BF23 receptor BtuB could display peptide inserts of at least 86 amino acids containing the T7 tag. In contrast, the receptors of the phages K3 and lambda, OmpA and LamB, accepted only insertions in their respective loop 4 of up to 40 amino acids containing the T7 tag. The insertion of larger fragments resulted in inefficient transport and/or assembly of OmpA and LamB fusion proteins into the outer membrane. Cells displaying a foreign peptide fused to any one of these outer membrane proteins were almost completely recovered by magnetic cell sorting from a large pool of cells expressing the relevant wild-type platform protein only. Thus, this approach offers a fast and simple screening procedure for cells displaying heterologous polypeptides. The combination of FhuA, along with with BtuB and LamB, should provide a comprehensive tool for displaying complex peptide libraries of various insert sizes on the surface of E. coli for diverse applications.
A linearized current stimulator for deep brain stimulation (2010)

This paper develops the front end of the stimulator which is applied in the implantable deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the therapy of Parkinson's disease. This stimulator adopts the low power switched-capacitor DAC accompanying with voltage-to-current transconductance amplifiers to obtain the adjustable output currents. The proposed distortion cancellation technique improves the linearity of the current stimulator. Multiple transconductance amplifiers sharing a single DAC save the circuit area. The biphasic stimulation waveform is generated from the bridge switching technique and the programmable pulse. This stimulation circuit provides the 0 approximately 165 microA current for a typical loading of 10 kΩ, 8 approximately 120 micros pulse width, and 126 approximately 244 Hz frequencies with a 0.35 microm CMOS technology at 3.3 V supply voltage.
Convenient Methods for the Synthesis of Ferrocene−Carbohydrate Conjugates (2004)

[structure: see text] We report two methods for the attachment of mono- and disaccharides to one or both of the cyclopentadienyl rings in ferrocene. The first strategy involves the reaction in acidic media of thioglycosides with ferrocenemethanol or 1,1'-ferrocenedimethanol. The second method consists of the regiospecific catalytic cycloaddition of propargyl glycoside and azidomethyl and bis(azidomethyl)ferrocene leading to the 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. The inverse strategy was also explored. The electrochemical behavior of the synthesized ferrocene-containing glycoconjugates was investigated.
Synthesis and photochemical properties of aluminum, gallium, silicon, and tin naphthalocyanines (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and photochemical properties of aluminum, gallium, silicon, and tin naphthalocyaninesWilliam E. Ford, Michael A. J. Rodgers, Lee A. Schechtman, James R. Sounik, Boris D. Rihter, and Malcolm E. KenneyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 16, 3371–3377Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00042a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00042a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views712Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts