gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Coulomb charging energy in cross-linked nanoparticle films (2007)

We have systematically tuned the Coulomb charging energy in cross-linked gold nanoparticle films by varying both the nanoparticle size and the length of the cross-linker molecules. We show that at low temperatures $(T\ensuremath{\lesssim}100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$, the observed conduction behavior can be closely described with a classical percolation model for interacting metal particles embedded in an effective dielectric medium. The ease and precision with which one can control the geometrical parameters make these cross-linked nanoparticle systems attractive as model systems for the study of electronic conduction in granular materials.
PROGRESSION OF MACULAR ATROPHY IN PATIENTS WITH NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION UNDERGOING ANTIVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY (2016)

Macular atrophy is a frequent finding in eyes with wet age-related macular degeneration both before and after antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy. The frequency of new optical coherence tomography-defined atrophy (21% at 2 years) after starting therapy was close to the rates reported in CATT, IVAN, and HARBOR. The rate of MA enlargement was positively correlated with the number of injections, but did not appear to be greater than that reported for atrophy in the absence of choroidal neovascularization.
Biochemical and molecular characterizations of nicotine demethylase in tobacco (2006)

Plant cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of many primary and secondary metabolites including phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, lipids, cyanogenic glycosides, and glucosinolates. However, while hundreds of CYP genes have been identified in plant genomes, relatively few have been functionally characterized. We report here the cloning and characterization of a CYP enzyme from tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) that demethylates nicotine to form nornicotine, a precursor to the nitrosamine N ′‐nitrosonornicotine (NNN). Microsomal demethylase activity was first shown to be induced in leaves treated with the growth regulator ethylene, required molecular oxygen and reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for full activity, and exhibited a K m of 3.9 μ M for nicotine and a maximum turnover rate ( V max ) of 8.9 pkat mg −1 protein. Equally important, microsomal activity was reduced greatly by several inhibitors of CYP‐mediated reactions. Using a polymerase chain reaction based strategy with degenerate primers designed to conserve P450 motifs and mRNA from ethylene‐treated leaves, putative gene fragments representing 32 different P450 gene families were isolated and numerous full‐length genes were cloned. Employing GeneChip ® (Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, CA) microarray hybridizations, the steady‐state mRNA level of two highly related full‐length cDNAs and one cDNA fragment were demonstrated to be highly expressed in ethylene‐treated vs. control plant material. Microsomes from yeast over‐expressing the two full‐length cDNAs along with two other highly homologous P450 genes demonstrated that only one cDNA, D121‐AA8 (GenBank accession no. DQ205656) encoded for demethylation activity comparable to that found in planta . Molecular modeling was used to identify putative active site residues and for comparisons to other putative demethylase cDNAs.
Overexpression of the AtGluR2 Gene Encoding anArabidopsis Homolog of Mammalian Glutamate Receptors Impairs CalciumUtilization and Sensitivity to Ionic Stress in TransgenicPlants (2001)

We have identified a homolog of the mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptor genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGluR2). This gene was found to alter Ca2+ utilization when overexpressed in A. thaliana. These transgenic plants displayed symptoms of Ca2+ deficiency, including browning and death of the shoot apex, necrosis of leaf tips, and deformation of leaves. Supplementation with Ca2+ alleviated these phenotypes. Overall levels of Ca2+ in tissues of control plants were not significantly different from those of transgenic plants, suggesting that overexpression of the AtGluR2 gene did not affect Ca2+ uptake. However, the relative growth yield as a function of Ca2+ levels revealed that the critical deficiency content of Ca2+ in transgenic plants was three times higher than that of control plants. The transgenic plants also exhibited hypersensitivity to Na+ and K+ ionic stresses. The ion hypersensitivity was ameliorated by supplementation with Ca2+. The results showed that overexpression of the AtGluR2 gene caused reduced efficiency of Ca2+ utilization in the transgenic plants. The promoter of the AtGluR2 gene was active in vascular tissues, particularly in cells adjacent to the conducting vessels. This suggests that AtGluR2 encodes a functional channel that unloads Ca2+ from the xylem vessels. The results together suggest that appropriate expression of the AtGluR2 protein may play critical roles in Ca2+ nutrition by controlling the ion allocation among different Ca2+ sinks both during normal development and during adaptation to ionic stresses.
Molecular studies of Pseudomonas exotoxin A gene (1986)

A 2.7-kilobase DNA fragment carrying the entire exotoxin A (ETA) structural gene was divided into three nonoverlapping probes. Two probes covering the ETA structural gene were used in colony hybridization experiments to determine whether sequences homologous to the ETA gene could be detected in genera other than Pseudomonas or in Pseudomonas species other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The majority of strains examined other than the P. aeruginosa strains failed to react in the colony hybridization assays. Some Pseudomonas spp. other than P. aeruginosa and some Bordetella spp. did react in colony hybridization assays with the probes. However, additional studies in which we used Southern hybridization methods indicated that these reactions were apparently nonspecific and that the ETA gene is limited to P. aeruginosa. Studies in which we used all three ETA-related probes in Southern hybridization experiments to analyze the ETA gene and surrounding sequences in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from diverse sources revealed the following: (i) the incidence of the ETA gene in P. aeruginosa is approximately equal to 95%; (ii) there are strains which have been isolated from human infections that do not carry the ETA structural gene; (iii) there is a maximum of one copy of the ETA gene per genome in any given strain; (iv) sequences within and 4 to 5 kilobases downstream of the ETA structural gene appear to be well conserved in different strains of P. aeruginosa; and (v) in contrast, sequences immediately upstream of the ETA structural gene are considerably rearranged from strain to strain. A multicopy plasmid carrying the entire cloned ETA gene was transferred to a tox- P. aeruginosa strain. This strain synthesized and secreted mature, full-length ETA, but the amount produced was small considering the multicopy nature of the plasmid. Synthesis of toxin in this strain was only minimally affected by iron. Our data suggest that the synthesis of ETA is positively regulated. Finally, we found that the presence of the ETA gene is independent of the ability of P. aeruginosa to produce several other recognized virulence factors, supporting the concept of the multifactorial nature of P. aeruginosa virulence.
AKT/PKB and Other D3 Phosphoinositide-Regulated Kinases: Kinase Activation by Phosphoinositide-Dependent Phosphorylation (1999)

The protein kinase Akt/PKB is activated via a multistep process by a variety of signals. In the early steps of this process, PI-3 kinase-generated D3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides bind the Akt PH domain and induce the translocation of the kinase to the plasma membrane where it co-localizes with phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1. By binding to the PH domains of both Akt and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, D3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides appear to also induce conformational changes that permit phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 to phosphorylate the activation loop of Akt. The paradigm of Akt activation via phosphoinositide-dependent phosphorylation provided a framework for research into the mechanism of activation of other members of the AGC kinase group (p70S6K, PKC, and PKA) and members of the Tec tyrosine kinase family (TecI, TecII, Btk/Atk, Itk/Tsk/Emt, Txk/Rlk, and Bm/Etk). The result was the discovery that these kinases and Akt are activated by overlapping pathways. In this review, we present our current understanding of the regulation and function of the Akt kinase and we discuss the common and unique features of the activation processes of Akt and the AGC and Tec kinase families. In addition, we present an overview of the biosynthesis of phosphoinositides that contribute to the regulation of these kinases.
Boron diffusion in magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO (001) barriers and CoFeB electrodes (2010)

Boron diffusion out of the CoFeB layers in model systems with thick CoFeB and MgO layers grown by radiofrequency sputtering or electron-beam evaporation and in MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is probed after annealing by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Successive interfaces are exposed by ion milling the stacks, layer by layer, in the XPS system. Despite the presence of thick CoFeB and a high annealing temperature of 400 °C, we found no boron in the MgO or at the MgO/CoFe interfaces. Similar results are also obtained in the MTJs.
Structural characterization of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane-modified silicas by silicon-29 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural characterization of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane-modified silicas by silicon-29 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonanceG. Stephen. Caravajal, Donald E. Leyden, Gregory R. Quinting, and Gary E. MacielCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 17, 1776–1786Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00168a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00168a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2701Altmetric-Citations283LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activation of JAK2 tyrosine kinase by prolactin receptors in Nb2 cells and mouse mammary gland explants. (1994)

One of the earliest cellular responses to prolactin (PRL) binding in Nb2 cells, a rat pre-T lymphoma cell line, is an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. In this work, immunologic techniques have been used to demonstrate that in Nb2 cells and in mouse mammary gland explants, JAK2, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is activated following stimulation with PRL. PRL stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 at times as early as 30 sec and concentrations of PRL as low as 0.5 ng/ml (2.5 pM) in Nb2 cells and 100 ng/ml (5 nM) in mammary gland explants. When JAK2 was immunoprecipitated from solubilized Nb2 cells or mammary gland explants and incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP, 32P was incorporated into a protein migrating with an apparent molecular weight appropriate for JAK2 only when cells had been incubated with PRL, indicating that JAK2 tyrosine kinase activity is exquisitely sensitive to PRL. In Nb2 cells, JAK2 was found to associate with PRL receptor irrespective of whether or not the cells had been incubated with PRL. These results provide strong evidence that JAK2 is constitutively associated with the PRL receptor and that it is activated and tyrosine phosphorylated upon PRL binding to the PRL receptor. These results are consistent with JAK2 serving as an early, perhaps initial, signaling molecule for PRL.
A Novel Phantom for Teaching and Learning Ultrasound-guided Needle Manipulation (2013)

Training in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia can be acquired by attending peripheral nerve block courses. The most common novice error is “advancement of needle when tip was not visualized.” The use of simulation has shown improvement in the skill and success of ultrasound-guided procedures. Phantoms provide a simple tool that aid in the improvement of such skills. We describe a gelatin-based phantom that can be easily constructed and used to identify novice errors and facilitate in learning relevant skills. The phantom can be transilluminated to identify the target and is helpful in providing real-time, immediate feedback to novices as they practice probe–needle–target orientation.
Enhanced bioactivity of a poly(propylene fumarate) bone graft substitute by augmentation with nano-hydroxyapatite. (2003)

The bioactivity of a nano-hydroxyapatite-augmented, bioresorbable bone graft substitute made from the unsaturated polyester, poly(propylene fumarate), was analyzed by evaluating biocompatibility and osteointegration of implants placed into a rat tibial defect. Three groups of eight animals each were evaluated by grouting bone graft substitutes into 3-mm holes that were made into the anteromedial tibial metaphysis of rats. Thus, a total of 24 animals was included in this study. Two different formulations varying as to the type of hydroxyapatite were used: Group 1 - nano-hydroxyapatite, Group 2 - micron-hydroxyapatite, with a Group 3 control defect remaining unfilled. Animals of each of the three groups were sacrificed in groups of eight at postoperative week three. Histologic analysis revealed best superior biocompatibility and osteointegration of bone graft substitutes when nanohydroxyapatite was employed. At three weeks, there was more reactive new bone formation in this group when compared to the micron-hydroxyapatite group. The control group showed incomplete closure of the defect. This study suggested that nano-hydroxyapatite may improve upon the bioactivity of bone implant and repair materials. The model scaffold used in this study, poly(propylene fumarate), appeared to provide an osteoconductive pathway by which bone will grow in faster. Clinical implications of the use potential advantages of nano-hydroxyapatite on bone repair and orthopaedic implant design are discussed.
A Practical Protocol for Carbohydrate Microarrays (2005)

We have established a high-throughput biochip platform for constructing carbohydrate microarrays. Using this technology, carbohydrate-containing macromolecules of diverse structures, including polysaccharides, natural glycoconjugates, and mono- and oligosaccharides coupled to carrier molecules, can be stably immobilized on a glass chip without chemical modification. Here, we describe a practical protocol for this technology. We hope that anyone who has access to a standard cDNA microarray facility will be able to explore this technology for his or her own research interest. We also provide an example to illustrate that the carbohydrate microarray is also a discovery tool; this is particularly useful for identifying immunologic sugar moieties, including complex carbohydrates of cancer cells and sugar signatures of previously unrecognized microbial pathogens.
Growth factors bFGF and TGB beta accelerate the rate of wound repair in normal and in diabetic rats. (1988)

The effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) on the rate of wound repair in both normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated using two model systems of wound repair, namely incisional wounding and subcutaneous implantation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges. Both models showed the expected wound-healing defects of the diabetic rats. Granulation tissue collected from the implanted PVA sponges showed that the diabetic rats had reduced amounts of collagen, DNA and protein present at the wound site at two time points tested (7 and 9 days post-implantation). Fresh tensile strength of the incisional wounds, a measure of the collagen organization in a wound, was reduced to 53% of normal in diabetic rats on day 7 post-wounding, and was only 29% of normal by day 21. Formalin-fixed tensile strength, a measure of collagen content of the wound, was 41% of normal on day 7, and 78% of normal by day 21, giving evidence that while the collagen concentration of the diabetic wounds approached that of normal wounds, it did not undergo the normal maturation process. A single injection of 2 micrograms of TGF beta directly into the incision three days after wounding resulted in little difference in the fresh and fixed tensile strength of diabetic wounds when tested at 7, 14 and 21 days post-wounding. Normal rats, however, responded well, resulting in a greater than 30% increase in both fresh and fixed tensile strength.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Controlled Horizontal Drilling (1989)

ABSTRACT Very recently a conventional drilling assembly, directional Measurement While Drilling (MWD) and steerable system were used to drill the first successful horizontal well in Michigan's shallow Antrim gas zone. This essay is an analysis and evaluation of the technology applied and the procedure used to achieve a successful horizontal status. An explanation of the controlled drilling methods used to maintain a lateral status in the "Hot Zone" (anticipated high gas producing zone) is provided as well as case history information from the actual field operations. An analysis of the economics of such a project is examined, along with a comparison of this well design versus straight hole drilling. The key issue in this project is the evaluation of the gas production, which is the prime economic factor that will determine the future of similar projects. The hypotheses offered by various operators were researched, and comparisons made to proven theories provide actual case history data for future lateral wells As more well information becomes available from current projects, it is anticipated that operators will plan new projects to maximize their production using their research and case history data to minimize their expenses. The results of this lateral project are objectively presented so that specific conclusions may be drawn. Similar projects are highlighted to ensure that a fair and accurate evaluation can be derived from this project.
Salt Effects in the Reaction between Bromate and Iodide Ions (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSalt Effects in the Reaction between Bromate and Iodide IonsAntonio Indelli, George Nolan Jr., and Edward S. AmisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 13, 3233–3236Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01498a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01498a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tailoring thermal emission viaQmatching of photonic crystal resonances (2011)

We develop a model for predicting the thermal emission spectrum of a two-dimensional metallic photonic crystal for arbitrary angles based on coupled-mode theory. Calculating the appropriate coupled-mode parameters over a range of geometrical parameters allows one to tailor the emissivity spectrum to a specific application. As an example, we design an emitter with a step-function cutoff suppressing long-wavelength emission, which is necessary for high-efficiency thermophotovoltaic systems. We also confirm the accuracy of the results of our model with finite-difference time-domain simulations.
Improving read performance of Phase Change Memories via Write Cancellation and Write Pausing (2010)

Phase Change Memory (PCM) is emerging as a promising technology to build large-scale main memory systems in a cost-effective manner. A characteristic of PCM is that it has write latency much higher than read latency. A higher write latency can typically be tolerated using buffers. However, once a write request is scheduled for service to a bank, it can still cause increased latency for later arriving read requests to the same bank. We show that for the baseline PCM system with read-priority scheduling, the write requests increase the effective read latency to 2.3x (on average), causing significant performance degradation. To reduce the read latency of PCM devices under such scenarios, we propose adaptive Write Cancellation policies. Such policies can abort the processing of a scheduled write requests if a read request arrives to the same bank within a predetermined period. We also propose Write Pausing, which exploits the iterative write algorithms used in PCM to pause at the end of each write iteration to service any pending reads. For the baseline system, the proposed technique removes 75% of the latency increase incurred by read requests and improves overall system performance by 46% (on average), while requiring negligible hardware and simple extensions to PCM controller.
Present Status and Future Prospects of Automated Project Performance Indicators' Measurement (2006)

Present Status and Future Prospects of Automated Project Performance Indicators' Measurement Ronie Navon Pages 400-405 (2006 Proceedings of the 23rd ISARC, Tokyo, Japan, ISBN 9784990271718, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: Currentmonitoring and controlmethods rely on massive manualwork. As a result, control information is expensive to acquire, or is generated irregularly. Additionally, the information is only available infrequently and its quality and integrity are low.The purpose of the work presented in this paper is to improve monitoring and control information, i.e. to offer it on a daily basis, to improve its quality and integrity and to reduce the cost of generating it. To do all this, the Technion APPC researcher group started exploring the use of automated data collection (ADC) technologies. We developed models for automated labor and earthmoving equipment control, as well as models which utilize data froman existing systems  daily site reporting and building programs. Keywords: Automation; Data collection; Feedback control; Controlmethods; Monitoring DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2006/0077 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley