gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Bocavirus Capsid Structure: Insights into the Structural Repertoire of the Parvoviridae (2010)

Human bocavirus (HBoV) was recently discovered and classified in the Bocavirus genus (family Parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae) on the basis of genomic similarity to bovine parvovirus and canine minute virus. HBoV has been implicated in respiratory tract infections and gastroenteric disease in children worldwide, yet despite numerous epidemiological reports, there has been limited biochemical and molecular characterization of the virus. Reported here is the three-dimensional structure of recombinant HBoV capsids, assembled from viral protein 2 (VP2), at 7.9-A resolution as determined by cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction. A pseudo-atomic model of HBoV VP2 was derived from sequence alignment analysis and knowledge of the crystal structure of human parvovirus B19 (genus Erythrovirus). Comparison of the HBoV capsid structure to that of parvoviruses from five separate genera demonstrates strong conservation of a beta-barrel core domain and an alpha-helix, from which emanate several loops of various lengths and conformations, yielding a unique surface topology that differs from the three already described for this family. The highly conserved core is consistent with observations for other single-stranded DNA viruses, and variable surface loops have been shown to confer the host-specific tropism and the diverse antigenic properties of this family.
The general theory of phase shifting algorithms (2009)

We have been reporting several new techniques of analysis and synthesis applied to Phase Shifting Interferometry (PSI). These works are based upon the Frequency Transfer Function (FTF) and how this new tool of analysis and synthesis in PSI may be applied to obtain very general results, among them; rotational invariant spectrum; complex PSI algorithms synthesis based on simpler first and second order quadrature filters; more accurate formulae for estimating the detuning error; output-power phase noise estimation. We have made our cases exposing these aspects of PSI separately. Now in the light of a better understanding provided by our past works we present and expand in a more coherent and holistic way the general theory of PSI algorithms. We are also providing herein new material not reported before. These new results are on; a well defined way to combine PSI algorithms and recursive linear PSI algorithms to obtain resonant quadrature filters.
ANALYSIS OF FAILED VAN STRATEN LPM PIP PROSTHESES (2012)

Finger arthroplasty lacks the success seen with hip and knee joint replacements. The Van Straten Leuwen Poeschmann Metal (LPM) prosthesis was intended for the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints. However revision rates of 30% after 19 months were reported alongside massive osteolysis. Three failed LPM titanium niobium (TiNb) coated cobalt chrome (CoCr) components were obtained- two distal and one proximal. All three components were analysed using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). This gave the chemical composition of the surface to determine if the TiNb surface coating was still intact. The distal components were analysed using a ZYGO non-contact profilometer (1nm resolution) with the proximal component unable to be analysed due to its shape. ZYGO analysis gave the roughness average (Ra) of the surface and determined the presence of scratches, pitting and other damage. Images obtained from both the ZYGO and the ESEM indicated that the surfaces of all components were heavily worn. On the articulating surfaces of both distal components unidirectional scratching was dominant, while the non-articulating surface showed multidirectional scratching. The presence of unidirectional scratching suggested two-body wear, whilst the multidirectional scratching on the non-articulating surface of the distal component suggested that trapped debris may have caused three-body wear. The ESEM chemical analysis showed that in some regions on the distal component the TiNb coating had been removed completely and in other areas it had been scratched or penetrated. On the proximal component the TiNb coating had been almost completely removed from the articulating surfaces and was only present in small amounts on the non-articulating surfaces. There was little evidence of bone attachment to the titanium coating which was intended to help provide fixation. ESEM images showed the coating had been removed in some sections where there was minimal scratching, suggesting this scratching did not impact significantly in the coating removal. Therefore here the main cause of coating removal may have been corrosion, although scratching may have also have played a part. The osteolysis reported clinically may have been linked to the wear debris from the failed coating.
Implantable Total Artificial Heart Developed by Abiomed Gets FDA Approval for Clinical Trials (2001)

On January 30, 2001, Abiomed, Inc., received permission from the Food and Drug Administration to begin the initial clinical trial of its AbioCor replacement heart.FDA's investigational device exemption allows Abiomed to implant the AbioCor in the first 5 patients of the clinical trial.The potential patients will be those who are at risk of imminent death, are not transplantable, and who cannot be helped by other available therapies.This blood pump is not a left ventricular assist device.This is a real artificial heart used to replace the total function of a diseased natural heart.The already available total artificial heart is a pneumatically activated one and is only applicable for a bridge to transplantation.It is not totally implantable.However, the AbioCor is a totally implantable total artificial heart and is aimed for permanent use after removing the diseased natural heart.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thermo- and Chemomechanically Responsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) Hydrogels (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of Thermo- and Chemomechanically Responsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) HydrogelsChristopher S. Brazel and Nicholas A. PeppasCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 24, 8016–8020Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00128a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00128a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2430Altmetric-Citations280LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The modeled structure of the IgG Gar VL region and its implications for anti-flavin and anti-DNP fine specificities. (1983)

The variable domain (V) sequence of the lambda-light chain of the Gar IgG2 human myeloma protein was determined from enzymatically generated peptides that were isolated, characterized, and ordered by overlap and/or by subgroup homology. The sequence consisted of the amino terminal 107 residues of the light chain, and shared subgroup V lambda III-specific residues as well as a pattern of CDR deletions unique to most V lambda III sequences. The structural role of the light V region in the high affinity for flavins and the low affinity for 2,4-dinitrophenyl haptens characteristic of the intact IgG molecule was coarsely assessed by way of model building and by comparison with the refined combining site model of MOPC 315, an Ig with relative affinity values for DNP and riboflavin the converse of those observed in Gar.
An approximate correction method for refraction in reflection seismic prospecting (1951)

Abstract "Equations are derived and discussed to compute approximate corrections which must be applied to the results obtained by the classical methods of computing and constructing data in reflection seismic prospecting (this includes the method of construction of seismic image point and the method of seismic prospecting using zero-spread time), to correct for refraction."
Genetic Variation in Metabolizing Enzyme and Transporter Genes: Comprehensive Assessment in 3 Major East Asian Subpopulations With Comparison to Caucasians and Africans (2010)

The advent of high-throughput technologies has proven valuable in the assessment of genetic differences and their effects on drug activation, metabolism, disposition, and transport. However, most studies to date have focused on a small number of genes or few alleles, some of which are rare and therefore observed infrequently or lacked rigorous ethnic characterization, thus reducing the ability to extrapolate within and among populations. In this study, the authors comprehensively assessed the allele frequencies of 165 variants comprising 27 drug-metabolizing enzyme and transporter (DMET) genes from 2188 participants across 3 major ethnic populations: Caucasians, Africans, and East Asians. This sample size was sufficiently large to demonstrate genetic differences among these major ethnic groups while concomitantly confirming similarities among East Asian subpopulations (Korean, Han Chinese, and Japanese). A comprehensive presentation of allele and genotype frequencies is included in the online supplement, and 3 of the most widely studied cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP2C9; 2 non-CYP enzymes, NAT1 and TMPT; and 2 transporter genes, SLCO1B1 and SLCO2B1, are presented herein according to ethnic classification.
IFN-α super-induction of HLA class I expression by a variant thymoma cell line involves nuclear translocation of Rel complexes (1998)

Variant thymoma lines have been described which exhibit a substantially increased level of HLA class I induction by IFN-alpha, but not by IFN-gamma, and an unchanged response of other IFN-alpha-stimulated genes (Burrone et al., EMBO J. 1985. 4: 2855-2860). We report that their amplified response correlates with the nuclear translocation of Rel transcription factors upon prolonged treatment with IFN-alpha. The variant cells contain an IkappaBalpha subset with a significantly shortened half-life, and a constitutively active form of IkappaBalpha efficiently blocks HLA class I induction. Therefore, in addition to STAT-mediated induction, prolonged exposure to IFN-alpha can affect transcription involving Rel factors, which are implicated in the regulation of numerous immune response and viral genes.
Mouse Sperm can Horizontally Transmit Type C Viruses (1980)

Washed, non-viable sperm from AKR and NZB mice contain infectious murine type C viruses (MuLV), whereas similarly treated sperm from Balb/c and probably C57Bl/6 mice do not. Interaction of washed, viable AKR, Balb/c and NZB sperm with tissue culture cells leads to a transfer of infectious MuLV to these cells. The most likely mechanism is infection by virus closely associated with the sperm. Another possible mechanism is the introduction of proviral DNA. These experiments indicate that type C viruses can be found with mouse sperm. They suggest sperm could horizontally transmit these MuLV to animals during copulation and to the germ line of mice during penetration of ova.
CHINA STARS AT SCI IN BARCELONA (2003)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCHINA STARS AT SCI IN BARCELONAEuropean chemical leaders focus on country's threats and opportunities for industryPATRICIA L. SHORTCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2003, 81, 42, 14–15Publication Date (Print):October 20, 2003Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 20 October 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v081n042.p014https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n042.p014newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The 26S Proteasome: A Molecular Machine Designed for Controlled Proteolysis (1999)

In eukaryotic cells, most proteins in the cytosol and nucleus are degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The 26S proteasome is a 2.5-MDa molecular machine built from approximately 31 different subunits, which catalyzes protein degradation. It contains a barrel-shaped proteolytic core complex (the 20S proteasome), capped at one or both ends by 19S regulatory complexes, which recognize ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory complexes are also implicated in unfolding and translocation of ubiquitinated targets into the interior of the 20S complex, where they are degraded to oligopeptides. Structure, assembly and enzymatic mechanism of the 20S complex have been elucidated, but the functional organization of the 19S complex is less well understood. Most subunits of the 19S complex have been identified, however, specific functions have been assigned to only a few. A low-resolution structure of the 26S proteasome has been obtained by electron microscopy, but the precise arrangement of subunits in the 19S complex is unclear.
Autoregulation of phospholipase D activity is coupled to selective induction of phospholipase D1 expression to promote invasion of breast cancer cells (2010)

Phospholipase D (PLD) is an important signaling enzyme implicated in the control of many biological processes, including cell proliferation and survival. Despite the importance of the duration and amplitude of PLD signaling in carcinogenesis, mechanisms that regulate PLD expression remain poorly understood. In our study, we define the regulatory components of the machinery that specifies selective PLD1 induction via signals propagated through PLD activity. We demonstrate for the first time that establishment of a positive feedback loop that is dependent on enzymatic activity originating from both PLD1 and PLD2 isozymes enhances selective expression of PLD1, but not PLD2. Phosphatidic acid, the product of PLD activity, leads to an increase in the Ras-ERK/PI3K-NFκB signaling cascade and enhances binding of NFκB to the PLD1 promoter, consequently inducing selective PLD1 expression in SK-BR3 breast cancer cells. Moreover, selective PLD inhibitor suppressed epidermal growth factor-induced matrix metalloproteinase upregulation and invasion by inhibiting PLD1 expression. In conclusion, we propose that autoregulation of PLD activity might be coupled to induction of PLD1 expression, and thereby play a role in carcinogenesis.
Hippocampal lesions cause learning deficits in inbred mice in the Morris water maze and conditioned-fear task. (1997)

This study examined the effect of hippocampal lesions on acquisition of the Morris water maze and conditioned-fear task in inbred mice. C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and B6D2F1 hybrid mice were given hippocampal lesions or sham surgery and then tested. The lesioned C57BL/6J and B6D2F1 mice failed to learn the Morris task relative to sham-operated controls, and no DBA group learned the task. In the contextual component of conditioned fear, lesions decreased freezing in all strains. But the lesions only affected freezing to the conditioned stimulus in the DBA/2J and B6D2F1 strains. These data demonstrate that C57BL/6J and B6D2F1 mice use the hippocampus to solve the Morris water maze and conditioned-fear task, and the DBA mice use the hippocampus, to some degree, in the conditioned-fear task.
[Free amino acids in normal and carcinomatous ovarian tissue in correlation with serum level--tumor diagnostic possibilities]. (1987)

Free amino acids were investigated in samples of normal and carcinomatous ovarian tissues by amino analyser AAA 881 (Mikrotechna, Praha). The level of amino acids in cancer tissue was 2.5-5 times higher than in normal ovarian tissue. There was no difference in serum amino acid levels of patients with benign ovarian tumours and healthy women. Significant differences of free amino acid level were found in cancer patients in correlation to normal female persons. It is possible to use these alterations for tumour diagnosis.
Modulation of DNA Constraints That Control Macromolecular Folding (2006)

Taking control with DNA: Covalently attached double-stranded DNA constraints can control the conformations of other macromolecules. A variety of approaches (including competitive ligand–aptamer interactions) were used to modulate the effects of such constraints on the structure of a large RNA molecule. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z504124_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Use of structural imaging to study the progression of Alzheimer's disease (1996)

Computed tomographic scans in the temporal lobe orientation are a valuable way of studying the medial temporal lobe. In patients with histopathologically-confirmed Alzheimer's disease the size of the medial temporal lobe is almost half that in age-matched controls and the rate of atrophy shown by yearly scans (15% per year) is 10-fold greater. Such a rapid rate of atrophy probably follows a catastrophic event in the brain indicating that Alzheimer's disease is distinct from accelerated normal ageing. The degree of medial temporal lobe atrophy is related to the density of neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus; it is a useful guide to diagnosis and has potential as a screening tool in populations. It is proposed that measurement of the rate of atrophy in asymptomatic individuals may be a predictor of Alzheimer's disease and could be used to monitor the effectiveness of therapies designed to retard the rate of neurodegeneration.
Synthesis of Polyanhydride. I. Mixed Anhydride of Aromatic and Aliphatic Dibasic Acids (1959)

Abstract Copolymerization reactions of mixed anhydrides of aliphatic and aromatic dibasic acids have been investigated. It has been shown that a polyanhydride of regular structure was obtained from diacid chlorides and dibasic acids in organic medium, and that polyanhydrides of random structure were obtained from the mixed aromatic and aliphatic dibasic acids. A polyanhydride having its melting point at 225°C was prepared for terephthalic acid and adipic acid copolymer of regularly linked structure and that having its melting point at 215°C for terephthalic acid and sebacic acid copolymer. It was found that the stability of copolymer towards hydrolytic and thermal degradations was greater for those with regularly linked structure than for a polyanhydride of random structure. The mixed polyanhydrides of random structure were prepared and the diagram of composition versus melting point was obtained. The mole fractions of the two acid components were found to be 35∼40 mol. % of terephthalic acid and 60∼65 mol. % of aliphatic dibasic acid for copolymers melting at 220 to 240°C. It has further been shown that aliphatic and aromatic dibasic acids furnish a series of copolymers in which the solubility decreases and the melting point and the degree of crystallinity increase as the proportion of aromatic dibasic acid is increased.
Allele loss on chromosome 16q24.2-qter occurs frequently in breast cancers irrespectively of differences in phenotype and extent of spread. (1994)

Loss of heterozygosity on chromosomal arm 16q has been shown to be a frequent event in sporadic breast cancer and is suggested to be involved in cancer development through inactivation of a tumor-suppressor gene. To specify the commonly deleted region in which the unknown tumor-suppressor gene is located, a deletion map of chromosome 16 was constructed for 78 breast cancers, using 27 polymorphic DNA markers. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 16q was detected in 38 of the tumors. From the deletion map, the incidence of the loss of heterozygosity was deduced to be > or = 36% in the region distal to 16q12 and was most frequent in the 16q24.2-qter region. Then, association of the loss of heterozygosity in the 16q24.2-qter region with clinicopathological parameters of the tumors was examined for a total of 234 tumors, to reveal its biological significance in breast cancer development. The total incidence of loss of heterozygosity in the 16q24.2-qter region was 52% (118 of 225), and loss of heterozygosity was frequent irrespectively of the presence of invasion and metastasis, differences in clinical stage, tumor size, histological grade, or type, or amounts of estrogen receptor. Inactivation of an unknown tumor-suppressor gene on 16q24.2-qter was thus suggested to be involved commonly in the genesis of sporadic breast cancer, irrespectively of the extent of tumor spread or grade of aggressiveness of the cancer cells. On the other hand, eight cases revealed loss of heterozygosity not at 16q24-qter but in more proximal regions. Therefore, it appears that multiple tumor-suppressor genes are located on chromosome 16q.
Video quality estimator for wireless mesh networks (2012)

As Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have been increasingly deployed, where users can share, create and access videos with different characteristics, the need for new quality estimator mechanisms has become important because operators want to control the quality of video delivery and optimize their network resources, while increasing the user satisfaction. However, the development of in-service Quality of Experience (QoE) estimation schemes for Internet videos (e.g., real-time streaming and gaming) with different complexities, motions, Group of Picture (GoP) sizes and contents remains a significant challenge and is crucial for the success of wireless multimedia systems. To address this challenge, we propose a real-time quality estimator approach, HyQoE, for real-time multimedia applications. The performance evaluation in a WMN scenario demonstrates the high accuracy of HyQoE in estimating the Mean Opinion Score (MOS). Moreover, the results highlight the lack of performance of the well-known objective methods and the Pseudo-Subjective Quality Assessment (PSQA) approach.