gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation and Analysis of Interleukin-4 Deficient Mice (1991)

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) promotes the growth and differentiation of many hematopoietic cells in vitro; in particular, it directs the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch to IgG1 and IgE. Mice homozygous for a mutation that inactivates the IL-4 gene were generated to test the requirement for IL-4 in vivo. In the mutant mice T and B cell development was normal, but the serum levels of IgG1 and IgE were strongly reduced. The IgG1 dominance in a T cell-dependent immune response was lost, and IgE was not detectable upon nematode infection. Thus, some but not all of the in vitro properties of IL-4 are critical for the physiology of the immune system in vivo.
Environmental carcinogens that may be involved in human breast cancer etiology (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnvironmental carcinogens that may be involved in human breast cancer etiologyKaram El-BayoumyCite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1992, 5, 5, 585–590Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx00029a001https://doi.org/10.1021/tx00029a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views494Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct Gene Therapy for Repair of the Spinal Cord (2006)

For regrowth of injured nerve fibers following spinal cord injury (SCI), the environment must be favorable for axonal growth. The delivery of a therapeutic gene, beneficial for axonal growth, into the central nervous system for repair can be accomplished in many ways. Perhaps the most simple and elegant strategy is the so-called direct gene therapy approach that uses a single injection for delivery of a gene therapy vehicle. Among the vectors that have been used to transduce neural tissue in vivo are non-viral, herpes simplex viral, adeno-associated viral, adenoviral, and lentiviral vectors, each with their own merits and limitations. Many studies have been undertaken using direct gene therapy, ranging from strategies for neuroprotection to axonal growth promotion at the injury site, dorsal root injury repair, and initiation of a growth-supporting genetic program. The limitations and successes of direct gene transfer for spinal cord repair are discussed in this review.
Conditional Stability of the HemA Protein (Glutamyl-tRNA Reductase) Regulates Heme Biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium (1999)

In many bacteria, including the enteric species Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, heme is synthesized starting from glutamate by a pathway in which the first committed step is catalyzed by the hemA gene product, glutamyl-tRNA reductase (HemA). We have demonstrated previously that when heme limitation is imposed on cultures of S. typhimurium, HemA enzyme activity is increased 10- to 25-fold. Western (immunoblot) analysis with monoclonal antibodies reactive with HemA revealed that heme limitation results in a corresponding increase in the abundance of the enzyme. Similar regulation was also observed for E. coli. The near absence of regulation of hemA-lac operon fusions suggested a posttranscriptional control. We report here the results of pulse-labeling and immunoprecipitation studies of this regulation. The principal mechanism that contributes to elevated HemA abundance is protein stabilization. The half-life of HemA protein is approximately 20 min in unrestricted cells but increases to >300 min in heme-limited cells. Similar regulation was observed for a HemA-LacZ hybrid protein containing almost all of the HemA protein (416 residues). Sodium azide prevents HemA turnover in vivo, suggesting a role for energy-dependent proteolysis. This was confirmed by the finding that HemA turnover is completely blocked in a lon clpP double mutant of E. coli. Each single mutant shows only a small effect. The ClpA chaperone, but not ClpX, is required for ClpP-dependent HemA turnover. A hybrid HemA-LacZ protein containing just 18 amino acids from HemA is also stabilized in the lon clpP double mutant, but this shorter fusion protein is not correctly regulated by heme limitation. We suggest that the 18 N-terminal amino acids of HemA may constitute a degradation tag, whose function is conditional and modified by the remainder of the protein in a heme-dependent way. Several models are discussed to explain why the turnover of HemA is promoted by Lon-ClpAP proteolysis only when sufficient heme is available.
Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase: effects of affinity-purified adenylate cyclase on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions (1987)

Affinity-purified adenylate cyclase (AC) of Bordetella pertussis, free of contaminating pertussis toxin, was demonstrated to have biological effects on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). AC at doses of 25 and 50 micrograms/ml increased intracellular cAMP levels in the phagocytes 7.6- to 23.5-fold, respectively, above basal levels. AC inhibited PMN chemiluminescence, chemotaxis, and superoxide production in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory dose for chemotaxis and chemiluminescence was 36.5 micrograms/ml; for superoxide generation it was 71.0 micrograms/ml. Although these PMN metabolic functions were impaired, no effect on phagocytic activity was observed.
Identification of biofilms in post‐tympanostomy tube otorrhea (2016)

NA. Laryngoscope, 126:1946-1951, 2016.
Metastasis and Angiogenesis (1990)

The relationship of angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, to the process of tumour metastasis is examined. While the occurrence of angiogenesis generally is a necessary prerequisite for the formation of secondary tumours its presence is not a guarantee that cancer dissemination will occur. Novel approaches to antimetastatic therapy, using the newly formed vascular bed of tumours as the target, have produced successful results in experimental animals though such approaches have yet to be undertaken in the clinic.
Form and function: The laminin family of heterotrimers (2000)

The laminins are a family of glycoproteins that provide an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes in almost every animal tissue. Each laminin is a heterotrimer assembled from alpha, beta, and gamma chain subunits, secreted and incorporated into cell-associated extracellular matrices. The laminins can self-assemble, bind to other matrix macromolecules, and have unique and shared cell interactions mediated by integrins, dystroglycan, and other receptors. Through these interactions, laminins critically contribute to cell differentiation, cell shape and movement, maintenance of tissue phenotypes, and promotion of tissue survival. Recent advances in the characterization of genetic disruptions in humans, mice, nematodes and flies have revealed developmental roles for the different laminin subunits in diverse cell types, affecting differentiation from blastocyst formation to the post-natal period. These genetic defects have challenged some of the previous concepts about basement membranes and have shed new light on the diversity and complexity of laminin functions as well as established the molecular basis of several human diseases.
Molecular genetic analysis of genes encoding the heavy chains of rabbit IgG. (1984)

We analyzed the genes which encode the heavy chain constant region of rabbit IgG molecules. Five DNA clones derived from the chromosomal region which spans the C gamma coding sequences were isolated from a recombinant phage library of rabbit liver DNA. Four of these clones can be grouped together by overlaps; together they represent 37 kb of genomic DNA, and contain one C gamma gene and one tentatively identified C epsilon gene. A second C gamma gene was identified which did not overlap with the group of four clones because of restriction site differences found in the flanking regions 5' to the C gamma genes. Nucleotide sequences of the two C gamma genes were identical. Comparisons of the restriction maps of the two cloned C gamma genomic regions suggest that they may represent allelic regions of chromosomes of two different heavy chain haplotypes with polymorphisms in the regions flanking the C gamma genes.
A donor–acceptor substituted molecular motor: unidirectional rotation driven by visible light (2002)

A newly designed donor-acceptor substituted molecular motor 1 allows unidirectional rotation driven by visible light and shows some unique photophysical properties.
Basal cell carcinoma is associated with high TNF‐α release but not with TNF‐α polymorphism at position − 308 (2003)

The mechanisms underlying induction of UVB-induced immunosuppression are not fully understood, but tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is suggested to play a central role. A single base pair polymorphism at position --308 in the promoter region of the TNF-alpha gene associated with an enhanced secretion of TNF-alpha has been identified in humans. We have therefore investigated the association of the --308 polymorphism with the risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in humans. The frequency of TNF G and TNF A alleles among Caucasian patients with a previous BCC (n=191) and health adults (n-107) were compared. For the TNF--308 polymorphism there was significant association between the genotype or allele frequencies and having BCC. To determine whether patients with a previous BCC had an increased capacity to secrete TNF-alpha, mononuclear cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Mononuclear cells from patients with a previous BCC (n=15) demonstrated a significantly increased release of TNF-alpha upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (P<0.03) compared with mononuclear cells age-matched control subjects (n=16). Further studies of other polymorphisms of the TNF-alpha gene associated with increased TNF-alpha production and BCC and necessary.
Laser oscillation in epitaxial GaAs waveguides with corrugation feedback (1973)

Laser action was observed in GaAs epitaxial films using corrugation feedback. The output wavelength was found to depend on the corrugation period. The loss, threshold gain, and feedback parameters were determined and compared with theoretical predictions.
Identification of IgE-Bearing Cells in the Late-Phase Response to Antigen in the Lung as Basophils (1994)

We have carried out studies to ascertain whether the histamine-containing, IgE-bearing cells found in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained during the late-phase response following subsegmental antigen challenge of human airways are predominantly basophils or mast cells. Four lines of evidence suggest that most are basophils: (1) The cells fulfill morphologic criteria for light microscopy. (2) Cell surface markers determined by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry revealed that the IgE-bearing cells express the leukocyte antigens Fc gamma RII and the beta 2 integrins, LFA-1 and Mac-1, but do not express the mast cell-associated c-kit receptor for stem cell factor. (3) The late-phase histamine-containing cells in late-phase BAL fluids have the functional characteristics of basophils in their secretory responses to anti-IgE, the f-met peptide, and phorbol ester TPA. (4) The cells have a functional histamine type 2 receptor, a characteristic of basophils, not mast cells. We conclude that basophils infiltrate the lower airways hours after antigen exposure. These cells may be responsible for the mediator release observed at that time.
A role of active brown adipose tissue in cancer cachexia? (2012)

Until a few years ago, adult humans were not thought to have brown adipose tissue (BAT). Now, this is a rapidly evolving field of research with perspectives in metabolic syndromes such as obesity and new therapies targeting its bio-energetic pathways. White, brown and so-called brite adipose fat seem to be able to trans-differentiate into each other, emphasizing the dynamic nature of fat tissue for metabolism. Human and animal data in cancer cachexia to date provide some evidence for BAT activation, but its quantitative impact on energy expenditure and weight loss is controversial. Prospective clinical studies can address the potential role of BAT in cancer cachexia using (18)F-fluoro- deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography scanning, with careful consideration of co-factors such as diet, exposure to the cold, physical activity and body mass index, that all seem to act on BAT recruitment and activity.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infections in Newborn Calves: A Review (1985)

Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is an infectious bacterial disease of calves that occurs during the first few days of life. The Escherichia coli that cause the disease possess special attributes of virulence that allow them to colonize the small intestine and produce an enterotoxin that causes hypersecretion of fluid into the intestinal lumen. These enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are shed into the environment by infected animals in the herd and are ingested by newborn calves soon after birth. There is some natural immunity to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; however, it often fails to protect calves born and raised under modern husbandry conditions. Hence, methods have been developed to stimulate protective immunity by vaccination of the dam. The protective antibodies are transferred passively to calves through the colostrum.
Tregs and transplantation tolerance (2004)

The induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to transplanted tissues constitute an active process involving multiple mechanisms that work cooperatively to prevent graft rejection. These mechanisms are similar to inherent tolerance toward self antigens and have a requirement for active immunoregulation, largely T cell mediated, that promotes specific unresponsiveness to donor alloantigens. This review outlines our current understanding of the Treg subsets that contribute to allotolerance and the mechanisms by which these cells exert their effects as well as their potential for therapy.
Gene Expression Profiles of Multiple Breast Cancer Phenotypes and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (2006)

Gene expression signatures have the capacity to identify clinically significant features of breast cancer and can predict which individual patients are likely to be resistant to neoadjuvant therapy, thus providing the opportunity to guide treatment decisions.
Novel fucolipids accumulating in human adenocarcinoma. I. Glycolipids with di- or trifucosylated type 2 chain. (1984)

Among a series of fucolipids accumulating in human colonic and liver adenocarcinoma, two neutral fucolipids have been isolated and their carbohydrate structures have been characterized by methylation analysis, mass spectrometry, enzymatic degradation, and proton NMR spectrometry as shown in Structures 1 and 2 below. These glycolipids are either absent or present in very small quantity in normal colonic mucosa and normal liver tissue. (formular; see text) Difucosyl neolactonorhexaosylceramide (Structure 1) gives a doublet or a triplet on high performance thin layer chromatography and can be separated into four to five fractions on high pressure high performance liquid chromatography. These components have the same carbohydrate structure, but have different fatty acid composition. Fractions are characterized by a predominance of either alpha-hydroxy C16 fatty acid or alpha-hydroxy C24 fatty acid. Trifucosyl neolactonoroctaosylceramide (structure 2) gives two discrete bands, which are designated Z3 and Z4, on high performance thin layer chromatography. Methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra show that the Z3 and Z4 have identical carbohydrate structures. All the cases of cancer tissue that accumulate di- or trifucosyl structure (1 or 2 above) also accumulated lactofucopentaose(III)ceramide. A possible enhancement in a specific synthetic pathway including type 2 chain elongation coupled with alpha 1----3 fucosylation in human cancer is discussed.
Establishing Pair-Wise Keys in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks (2006)

Many applications that make use of sensor networks require secure communication. Because asymmetric-key solutions are difficult to implement in such a resource-constrained environment, symmetric-key methods coupled with a priori key distribution schemes have been proposed to achieve the goals of data secrecy and integrity. These approaches typically assume that all sensors are similar in terms of capabilities, and hence deploy the same number of keys in all sensors in a network to provide the aforementioned protections. In this paper we demonstrate that a probabilistic unbalanced distribution of keys throughout the network that leverages the existence of a small percentage of more capable sensor nodes can not only provide an equal level of security but also reduce the consequences of node compromise. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on small networks using a variety of trust models and then demonstrate the application of this method to very large systems. The approach and analysis presented in this paper can be applied to all protocols that use probabilistic keys including those that employ broadcast mechanisms, hash functions or polynomials for the generation of keys.
Hydrogen implantation in silicon between 1.5 and 60 kev (1976)

Abstract The use of the 1793 keV resonance of the 1H(11B, : alpha;)αα reaction and of the He+ channelled backscattering, allows us to determine various parameters about hydrogen implantation in silicon in the low energy range from 1.5 to 60 keV. We have determined the range profiles and the damage distribution of implanted protons. We have also measured the stopping power of protons (1.5–60 keV) and 11B ions (2 MeV) in silicon. Annealing of the implanted layer, blister formation and gas release have been investigated and it is shown that this method may be used to localize hydrogen in the silicon lattice.
Electrochemical Biosensors (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical BiosensorsJane E. Frew and H. Allen O. HillCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 15, 933A–944APublication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00142a720https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00142a720research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views625Altmetric-Citations174LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Phase II Study of BTI-322, a Monoclonal Anti-CD2 Antibody, for Treatment of Steroid-Resistant Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (1998)

Abstract BTI-322, a rat monoclonal IgG2b directed against the CD2 antigen on T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, blocks primary and memory alloantigen proliferative responses in vitro. We have evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of BTI-322 during treatment of 20 transplant recipients with steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Treatment consisted of BTI-322 by intravenous (IV) bolus or 30-minute infusion at approximately 0.1 mg/kg/d for 10 days in addition to continuing high-dose steroids and tacrolimus or cyclosporine. Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed in 10 patients; the t1/2 ± SE was 9.1 ± 1.3 hours, the Cmaxwas 2,549 ± 291 ng/mL, the Vd was 3.97 ± 0.95 L, and the Vd/kg was 0.05 ± 0.01 L/kg. Ten patients experienced transient dyspnea sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and tachycardia shortly after the initial bolus dose of drug, but serious drug-related adverse events were not seen during the remainder of the infusions. At the end of treatment (day 11), there were six patients with complete responses and five with a reduction in grade of GVHD for a total response rate of 55% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32% to 77%). Antibodies targeting CD2 may be active in the treatment of acute GVHD, and evaluation of a humanized form of BTI-322 is warranted.
Drug-Induced Autoimmune Red-Cell Aplasia (2002)

Whether judged by its therapeutic or economic impact, recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin) is an extremely successful application of molecular genetic technology to the development of a therapeutic agent. Epoetin is remarkably effective in the treatment of patients with a deficiency of the hormone, especially those with uremia, in whom renal production of erythropoietin is markedly impaired. Because erythropoietin receptors occur predominantly on erythroid progenitor cells, epoetin has a high degree of specificity and no clinically significant effects on nonhematopoietic cells. Thus, its ratio of efficacy to toxicity, or therapeutic index, is matched by few, if any, other pharmacologic agents.Until . . .
Importance of Interleukin-8 in the Development of Reexpansion Lung Injury in Rabbits (2000)

Reexpansion of a collapsed lung induces increased microvascular permeability leading to reexpansion pulmonary edema (REPE). This study was designed to prove the hypothesis that local overproduction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) induces inflammatory cell accumulation which leads to the induction of REPE. Initially, we examined the detailed characteristics of a rabbit model of REPE in association with IL-8 production and its mRNA expression. The lung tissue to plasma ratio of radiolabeled albumin (T/P ratio), the lung wet to dry ratio, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophil counts were significantly increased in the reexpanded lung. IL-8 concentrations and mRNA expression were significantly increased in the reexpanded lung homogenate. Immunohistochemically, alveolar macrophages (AMs) and epithelial cells in the reexpanded lung and AMs in the collapsed lung were positive for IL-8. Second, we examined the effect of pretreatment with a specific monoclonal anti-IL-8 antibody (Ab) or control IgG on the development of REPE. The T/P ratio and BAL neutrophil counts were conspicuously decreased by pretreatment with anti-IL-8 Ab, but not with control IgG. On a histopathological study, lung injury and leukocyte infiltration were attenuated by the pretreatment with anti-IL-8 Ab. In conclusion, IL-8 production is enhanced in the reexpanded lung, and contributes to the development of REPE. The pretreatment with anti-IL-8 antibody may be useful as a novel protective therapy for this disease.