gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers for Applications in Electroluminescent Devices (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTSynthesis of Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers for Applications in Electroluminescent DevicesAndrew C. Grimsdale*†‡, Khai Leok Chan†§, Rainer E. Martin∥, Pawel G. Jokisz†, and Andrew B. Holmes*†View Author Information School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Republic of Singapore 639798; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602; and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Discovery Chemistry, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected]†University of Melbourne. Telephone: +61 3 83442344. Fax: +61 3 83442384.‡Nanyang Technological University. Telephone: +65 67906728. Fax: +65 67909081.§Current address: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering.∥F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 3, 897–1091Publication Date (Web):February 19, 2009Publication History Received5 January 2007Published online19 February 2009Published inissue 11 March 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr000013vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr000013vreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36555Altmetric-Citations2418LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Conjugated polymers,Copolymers,Layers,Materials,Polymers Get e-Alerts
A correlative coefficient multiplying (CCM) method for chrominance moire reduction in single-chip color video cameras (1991)

A signal processing method for chrominance moire reduction in images from a single-chip color video camera has been developed. This method (correlative coefficient multiplying, CCM) assumes the correlation of luminance amplitude in an image between adjacent pixels. A unique feature of the CCM method is that the color signals are interpolated by using another color signal from an adjacent pixel and multiplying by a correlative coefficient that relates to the ratio of the low-frequency component of those color signals. It produces excellent-quality video images with reduced chrominance moire and high resolution, compared to the conventional method using an optical low-pass filter. The results of experiments completed using computer simulation are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photochemistry of some group 6A and 8 metal–metal bonded cyclopentadienylcarbonyl dimers in poly(vinyl chloride) films at 12–298 K (1990)

Infrared and electronic spectral evidence is presented which shows that photolysis of the dinuclear complexes [Ni2(η5-C5H4Me)2(µ-CO)2], [M2(η5-C5R6)2(CO)6](M = Mo Or W, R = H Or Me), and [Cr2(η5-C5R5)2(CO)4] in poly(vinyl chloride)(pvc) films at ca. 12–77 K produces dissociative CO loss as the primary process. The products are assigned as [Ni2(η5-C5H4Me2)2(µ-CO)], [M2(η5-C5R5)2(CO)5](M = Mo or W; two terminal CO, two semibridging CO, one four-electron bridging CO ligand), and [Cr2(η5-C5R5)2(µ-CO)3]. Annealing the films to 100–200 K resulted in facile reversal of the primary process. Similar reversal was achieved by irradiating into the long wavelength absorptions of the products at 12–77 K. Photolysis of the cis and trans bridged isomers of [Ru2(η5-C5H5)2(CO)4] in pvc films did not lead to CO ejection at 12 K but only to bridge opening. Photolysis of trans-[Ru2(η5-C5Me5)2(CO)4] afforded neither CO loss nor even bridge opening, probably due to steric factors. Photolysis of the complexes [M2(η5-C5R5)2(CO)6](M = Mo or W, R = H or Me) and [M2(η5-C5R5)2(CO)4](M = Fe or Ru, R = H or Me) in pvc films at 298 K afforded the mononuclear complexes [M(η5-C5R5)(CO)3Cl] and [Ru(η5-C5R5)(CO)2Cl] arising from abstraction of Cl from the films, cf. the photoreactions observed in chlorocarbon solvents. The mechanisms of the photochemical reactions in pvc films are discussed in relation to solution photochemical reactions.
Antitumor activity of MLN8054, an orally active small-molecule inhibitor of Aurora A kinase (2007)

Increased Aurora A expression occurs in a variety of human cancers and induces chromosomal abnormalities during mitosis associated with tumor initiation and progression. MLN8054 is a selective small-molecule Aurora A kinase inhibitor that has entered Phase I clinical trials for advanced solid tumors. MLN8054 inhibits recombinant Aurora A kinase activity in vitro and is selective for Aurora A over the family member Aurora B in cultured cells. MLN8054 treatment results in G(2)/M accumulation and spindle defects and inhibits proliferation in multiple cultured human tumor cells lines. Growth of human tumor xenografts in nude mice was dramatically inhibited after oral administration of MLN8054 at well tolerated doses. Moreover, the tumor growth inhibition was sustained after discontinuing MLN8054 treatment. In human tumor xenografts, MLN8054 induced mitotic accumulation and apoptosis, phenotypes consistent with inhibition of Aurora A. MLN8054 is a selective inhibitor of Aurora A kinase that robustly inhibits growth of human tumor xenografts and represents an attractive modality for therapeutic intervention of human cancers.
Pre-Steady-State Kinetic Characterization of Wild Type and 3‘-Azido-3‘-deoxythymidine (AZT) Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase:  Implication of RNA Directed DNA Polymerization in the Mechanism of AZT Resistance (1997)

There is lack of a correlation between biochemical studies and the observed clinical resistance of AIDS patients on long term AZT therapy. Mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in the viral isolates from these patients shows a 100-fold decrease in sensitivity whereas little or no difference is observed in kinetic parameters in vitro using steady-state kinetic analysis. A detailed pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of wild type and the clinically important AZT resistant mutant (D67N, K70R, T215Y, K219Q) HIV-1 reverse transcriptase was conducted to understand the mechanistic basis of drug resistance. In contrast to steady-state techniques, a pre-steady-state kinetic analysis allows for the direct observation of catalytic events occurring at the active site of the enzyme, including subtle conformational changes enabling a greater degree of mechanistic detail. In this investigation the rate of incorporation of dTMP and AZTMP by wild type and mutant HIV-1 RT was determined using an RNA and the corresponding DNA template. The present study has shown a 1.5-fold decrease in the rate constant for polymerization (kpol) and a 2.5-fold decrease in the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) for AZTTP for the mutant reverse transcriptase as compared to the wild type, for RNA dependent DNA replication. These values translate into a 4-fold decrease in selectivity (kpol/Kd) for AZTMP incorporation by mutant reverse transcriptase as compared to wild type for RNA dependent DNA replication. No such decrease in selectivity was detected for DNA dependent replication. These results suggest that the basis of AZT resistance is related to RNA dependent replication rather than DNA dependent replication.
Field-Dependent DNA Mobility in 20 nm High Nanoslits (2008)

The transport behavior of lambda-DNA (48 kbp) in fused silica nanoslits is investigated upon application of electrical fields of different strengths. The slit dimensions are 20 nm in height, 3 microm in width, and 500 microm in length. With fields of 30 kV/m or below, the molecules move fluently through the slits, while at higher electrical fields, the DNA molecules move intermittently, resulting in a strongly reduced mobility. We propose that the behavior can be explained by mechanical and/or field-induced dielectrophoretic DNA trapping due to the surface roughness in the nanoslits. The observation of preferential pathways and trapping sites of the lambda-DNA molecules through the nanoslits supports this hypothesis and indicates that the classical viscous friction models to explain the DNA movement in nanoslits needs to be modified to include these effects. Preliminary experiments with the smaller XbaI-digested litmus-DNA (2.8 kbp) show that the behavior is size-dependent, suggesting that the high field electrophoresis in nanoslits can be used for DNA separation.
Optimization of an angled fiber probe for common-path optical coherence tomography (2013)

We studied the optimization of common-path optical coherence tomography (CP OCT) sensitivity through an angled fiber probe. The magnitude of reference power derived from the tip of the fiber was optimized through careful selection of the polishing angle. We experimentally measured the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at different polishing angles to validate the effectiveness of this technique. We also obtained OCT images with the reference optimized CP OCT with more than 8 dB improvement in SNR.
Estrogen Receptors: How Do They Signal and What Are Their Targets (2007)

During the past decade there has been a substantial advance in our understanding of estrogen signaling both from a clinical as well as a preclinical perspective. Estrogen signaling is a balance between two opposing forces in the form of two distinct receptors (ER alpha and ER beta) and their splice variants. The prospect that these two pathways can be selectively stimulated or inhibited with subtype-selective drugs constitutes new and promising therapeutic opportunities in clinical areas as diverse as hormone replacement, autoimmune diseases, prostate and breast cancer, and depression. Molecular biological, biochemical, and structural studies have generated information which is invaluable for the development of more selective and effective ER ligands. We have also become aware that ERs do not function by themselves but require a number of coregulatory proteins whose cell-specific expression explains some of the distinct cellular actions of estrogen. Estrogen is an important morphogen, and many of its proliferative effects on the epithelial compartment of glands are mediated by growth factors secreted from the stromal compartment. Thus understanding the cross-talk between growth factor and estrogen signaling is essential for understanding both normal and malignant growth. In this review we focus on several of the interesting recent discoveries concerning estrogen receptors, on estrogen as a morphogen, and on the molecular mechanisms of anti-estrogen signaling.
Synthesis by ligand exchange, structural characterization, and aqueous chemistry of ortho-palladated oximes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis by ligand exchange, structural characterization, and aqueous chemistry of ortho-palladated oximesA. D. Ryabov, G. M. Kazankov, A. K. Yatsimirskii, L. G. Kuz'mina, O. Yu. Burtseva, N. V. Dvortsova, and V. A. PolyakovCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 14, 3083–3090Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00040a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00040a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views479Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Structured Streaming (2018)

With the ubiquity of real-time data, organizations need streaming systems that are scalable, easy to use, and easy to integrate into business applications. Structured Streaming is a new high-level streaming API in Apache Spark based on our experience with Spark Streaming. Structured Streaming differs from other recent streaming APIs, such as Google Dataflow, in two main ways. First, it is a purely declarative API based on automatically incrementalizing a static relational query (expressed using SQL or DataFrames), in contrast to APIs that ask the user to build a DAG of physical operators. Second, Structured Streaming aims to support end-to-end real-time applications that integrate streaming with batch and interactive analysis. We found that this integration was often a key challenge in practice. Structured Streaming achieves high performance via Spark SQL's code generation engine and can outperform Apache Flink by up to 2x and Apache Kafka Streams by 90x. It also offers rich operational features such as rollbacks, code updates, and mixed streaming/batch execution. We describe the system's design and use cases from several hundred production deployments on Databricks, the largest of which process over 1 PB of data per month.
Synthesis of Biodegradable Copolymers with Pendant Hydrophilic Functional Groups (1998)

Copolymers with hydrophilic groups pendant on the backbone of two biodegradable polymers polylactide and poly(ε-caprolactone) were synthesized and characterized. Poly(lactic acid-co-serine) with 2% and 6% of free hydroxy groups were synthesized by ring opening polymerization reactions. The ε-caprolactone copolymers with phosphonic acid (P(O)(OH)2), phophoester (P(O)(OMe)2) and carboxylic acid (COOH) functional groups were synthesized by using free radical polymerizations of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO) and three vinyl monomers: vinylphosphonic acid, dimethylvinylphosphonate and acrylic acid, respectively. These copolymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The thermal properties, molecular weights, and solubility behavior of the above copolymers are also discussed.
Treating Disease at the RNA Level with Oligonucleotides (2019)

Interview with Dr. Arthur A. Levin on the use of oligonucleotide drugs that regulate RNA. (10:24)Download As research on the structure and function of RNAs has rapidly expanded, so too has the number of oligonucleotide drugs in clinical development that regulate RNA. This article describes several examples and suggests where the field is headed.
Corticostriatopallidal Neuroprotection by Adenovirus-Mediated Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Gene Transfer in a Rat Model of Progressive Striatal Degeneration (2002)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a potent protective factor for striatal neurons in animal models of Huntington's disease (HD). Clinical application of this potential therapeutic still requires the design and optimization of delivery systems. In the case of HD, spatial spread in the vast volume occupied by the striatum and long-term delivery of the factor are particular challenges for these systems. We explored the potential of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to fulfill these requirements by studying the functional and anatomical effects of single-site striatal delivery of CNTF recombinant vectors in a rat model of HD. In an initial series of experiments, unilateral injections of CNTF adenovirus were performed in rats 10, 30, or 90 d before a 5 d neurotoxic treatment with systemic 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP). Preservation of striatal neurons was observed at all time points, demonstrating temporally extended neuroprotective effects of the CNTF adenovirus. In a second series of experiments, bilateral injections of CNTF adenovirus were performed in the medial aspect of the striatum 10 d before starting 3NP intoxication. Despite placement of the CNTF-producing vector outside the lateral striatal area susceptible to lesion, massive protection of corticostriatopallidal circuits was observed, associated with significant behavioral benefits. This spatial spread of neuroprotection is discussed with reference to the retrograde transport of the adenovirus vector and the anterograde transport of the transgenic CNTF. Overall, adenovirus-mediated CNTF gene transfer appears to be a potentially useful delivery system for widespread, long-term circuit neuroprotection in HD patients.
Mat viktigaste faktorn bakom cancer (2007)

Ett centralt problem är nu att kosten alltmer utgörs av raffinerade livsmedel. Dessa är mer eller mindre utarmade på antioxidanter, mineraler, vitaminer och andra näringsämnen och skyddsämnen. De täcker mer än väl vårt behov av energi men inte vårt behov av naturliga skyddsämnen. Resultatet blir ökad förekomst av cancer och andra kostrelaterade sjukdomar.
Why Are Physicians Not Prescribing Diuretics More Frequently in the Management of Hypertension? (1998)

Diuretics have again been recommended by the Sixth Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI) as one of the first-choice medications in the management of hypertension. This recommendation is based on the results of numerous randomized, diuretic-based, long-term controlled clinical trials that have demonstrated a reduction in both cerebrovascular and cardiovascular morbidity. Despite this and other national recommendations, the use of diuretics has steadily decreased over the past 15 years. Reasons include heavy promotion of other medications and the perception that diuretics produce adverse metabolic effects and do not reduce coronary heart disease events. Data, however, indicate that (1) changes in glucose and cholesterol metabolism are minor, especially with the smaller doses now being used; (2) cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been reduced in hypertensive patients, even in those with hyperlipidemia or diabetes, when diuretics are used; and (3) concerns about hypokalemia-induced arrhythmias have been overstated. While special indications exist for other medications in the treatment of hypertension, for example, use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (usually in addition to a diuretic) for a patient with heart failure or diabetic nephropathy, most patients, including those with hyperlipidemia or glucose intolerance, can be effectively treated with a diuretic as initial therapy or as part of a combination regimen. Diuretics should be used more not less frequently; use of diuretics would reduce the number of resistant hypertensive patients.
Carbohydrate-based vaccines with a glycolipid adjuvant for breast cancer (2013)

Globo H (GH) is a hexasaccharide specifically overexpressed on a variety of cancer cells and therefore, a good candidate for cancer vaccine development. To identify the optimal carrier and adjuvant combination, we chemically synthesized and linked GH to a carrier protein, including keyhole limpet hemocyanion, diphtheria toxoid cross-reactive material (CRM) 197 (DT), tetanus toxoid, and BSA, and combined with an adjuvant, and it was administered to mice for the study of immune response. Glycan microarray analysis of the antiserum obtained indicated that the combination of GH-DT adjuvanted with the α-galactosylceramide C34 has the highest enhancement of anti-GH IgG. Compared with the phase III clinical trial vaccine, GH-keyhole limpet hemocyanion/QS21, the GH-DT/C34 vaccine elicited more IgG antibodies, which are more selective for GH and the GH-related epitopes, stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA3) and SSEA4, all of which were specifically overexpressed on breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem cells with SSEA4 at the highest level (>90%). We, therefore, further developed SSEA4-DT/C34 as a vaccine candidate, and after immunization, it was found that the elicited antibodies are also IgG-dominant and very specific for SSEA4.
The Consumer Price Index and National Saving (1995)

An argument that lowering COLAs for Social Security benefits and adjusting the Consumer Price Index to better reflect the cost-of-living increases that result from inflation will alleviate two long-range problems: escalating federal budget deficits and exceedingly low national saving.
Antigen‐based heteropolymers: a potential therapy for binding and clearing autoantibodies via erythrocyte cr1 (1995)

This methodology may allow for development of a new therapy to facilitate autoantibody clearance in autoimmune disease.
Neural cell culture: a practical approach (1995)

Part I - CNS Neurons. 1: Cerebellum: granule cells. 2: Cerebellar Purkinje neurons. 3: Nigral & straital neurons. 4: Septal neurons. 5: Proliferation & differentiation in retinal cell cultures. 6: Purified embryonic motoneurones. Part II - CNS glia and non-neuronal cells. 7: Astrocytes. 8: Oligodendrocyte lineage cells from neonatal rat brain. 9: Micrglia: the tissue macrophage of the CNS. 10: Brain endothelium. Part III - PNS neurons and glia. 11: Neural crest cells: strategies to generate lineage diversifaction in vitro. 13: Avian cilliary and lumbar sympathetic ganglion neurons. 14: Enteric ganglion cells. 15: Mouse olfactory epithelium. 16: Schwann cell culture
Serum protease cleavage of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (1992)

The protective antigen component of anthrax lethal toxin, produced in vitro, has a molecular mass of 83 kDa. Cell-culture studies by others have demonstrated that upon binding of the 83 kDa protective antigen to cell-surface receptors, the protein is cleaved by an unidentified cell-associated protease activity. The resultant 63 kDa protein then binds lethal factor to form lethal toxin, which has been proposed to be internalized by endocytosis. We found that, in the blood of infected animals, the protective antigen exists primarily as a 63 kDa protein and appears to be complexed with the lethal factor component of the toxin. Conversion of protective antigen from 83 to 63 kDa was catalysed by a calcium-dependent, heat-labile serum protease. Except for being complexed to protective antigen, there was no apparent alteration of lethal factor during the course of anthrax infection. The protective antigen-cleaving protease appeared to be ubiquitous among a wide range of animal species, including primates, horses, goats, sheep, dogs, cats and rodents.
Iodine content of commercially-prepared cat foods (1992)

Twenty-eight varieties of commercially-available cat food (23 canned, 5 dried) were analysed for iodine. The iodine concentration varied from less than 0.37 micromol/kg to 41.8 pmol/kg, wet weight (less than 1.48 micromol/kg to 167 micromol/kg, dry weight). Excessive or insufficient iodine intake or wide swings in iodine intake over prolonged periods may contribute to thyroid disorders in cats.