gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acquisition and interpretation of 3-D sensor data from touch (2003)

A description is given of the use of touch sensing as part of a larger system the authors are building for 3-D shape recovery and object recognition using touch and vision methods. The authors focus on three exploratory procedures (EPs) they have built to acquire and interpret sparse 3D touch data: grasping by containment, planar surface exploration, and surface contour exploration. Experimental results for each of these procedures are presented. The EPs can be used in a coarse-to-fine sensing strategy that tries to build shape descriptions at a number of levels. An important feature of this system is the multiple representations used in recovering and reasoning about shape.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Taxane resistance in Breast Cancer (2014)

Despite recent advances in the treatment of breast cancer, disease recurrence remains a major obstacle to curative therapy. One of the main clinical issues is the development of drug resistance.Taxane resistance is a big challenge as the first-line regimens for breast cancer typically include taxanes, either alone or in combination. A hierarchy of resistant mechanisms are responsible for taxane resistance.  At the highest level the mechanisms involve the cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. At the middle level the mechanisms involve the multidrug resistance characters. At the lowest level the mechanisms involve a change of a specific character. Each taxane-resistant case may involve one or more levels of these resistance mechanisms. To overcome taxane resistance, future therapies need to be able to mitigate these three levels of resistance mechanisms.
Characterizing antivirus workload execution (2005)

Despite the pervasive use of anti-virus (AV) software, there has not been a systematic study of the characteristics of the execution of this workload. In this paper we present a characterization of four commonly used anti-virus software packages. Using the Virtutech Simics toolset, we profile the behavior of four popular anti-virus packages as run on an Intel PentiumIV platform running Microsoft Windows-XP.In our study, we focus on the overhead introduced by the anti-virus software during on-access execution. The overhead associated with anti-virus execution can dominate overall performance. The AV-Test group has already reported that this overhead can range from 23-129% on live systems running on-access experiments [3]. 1 The performance impact of the anti-virus execution is clearly an important issue, and we present the first quantitative study of the characteristics of this workload. Our study includes the impact of both operating system execution and system call execution.
Cell-Associated Flagella Enhance the Protection Conferred by Mucosally-Administered Attenuated Salmonella Paratyphi A Vaccines (2011)

Our results clearly suggest that enhanced anti-FliC antibody-mediated clearance of S. Paratyphi A by phagocytic cells, induced by vaccines expressing cell-associated rather than exported FliC, might be contributing to the vaccine-induced protection from S. Paratyphi A challenge in vivo. We speculate that an excess of IgG1 anti-FliC antibodies induced by the exported FliC may compete with the IgG2a subtype and block binding to specific phagocyte Fc receptors that are critical for clearing an S. Paratyphi A infection.
AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES: II. SYNTHESIS OF ε-N-METHYL-L-LYSINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1964)

ε-N-Methyl-L-lysine, ε-N-ethyl-L-lysine, and δ-N-methyl-L-ornithine have been synthesized by alkylation of the α-N-benzoyl-ω-N-p-toluenesulphonylamino acid. ε-N-Methyl-L-lysine was also prepared by the formaldehyde – formic acid methylation of α-N-carbobenzoxy-ε-N-benzyl-L-lysine, obtained by borohydride treatment of α-N-carbobenzoxy-L-lysine in the presence of benzaldehyde. ε-N, ε-N-Dimethyl-L-lysine, ε-N-benzyl-L-lysine, and ε-N-methyl-L-lysine ethyl ester were also prepared.
Phase I Study of Adenovirus p53 Administered by Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients With Bronchioloalveolar Cell Lung Carcinoma: ECOG 6597 (2008)

Ad-p53 can be administered safely by BAL at 5 x 10(11) vp with repeated dosing. Stabilization of disease and symptomatic improvement may warrant further studies of Ad-p53 or other adenoviruses administered by BAL in patients with BAC.
HIV-1-Tat protein promotes chemotaxis and invasive behavior by monocytes (1996)

Monocytes are susceptible to HIV infection and to activation by a regulatory gene product of the HIV genome, HIV-Tat. Recently, we have demonstrated that treatment with HIV-Tat up-regulates monocyte adhesion to the endothelium and increases metalloproteinase production. in the present study, we have examined the ability of the HIV-Tat protein to alter the migratory and invasive behavior of monocytes. Monocytes pretreated for 24 h with 10 ng/ml HIV-Tat exhibited enhanced migratory behavior compared with untreated monocytes in chemotaxis assays, both in the absence of a chemoattractant as well as in response to FMLP. in addition, HIV-Tat itself induced the migration of both untreated and HIV-Tat pretreated monocytes. Checkerboard analysis showed that monocytes migrated in response to an HIV-Tat concentration gradient, thus confirming the chemotactic characteristics of the HIV-Tat protein. Pretreatment of monocytes with 10 ng/ml HIV-Tat for 24 h also increased their ability to invade reconstituted extracellular membrane (Matrigel)-coated filters by 5-fold in the absence of chemoattractant. The presence of FMLP or HIV-Tat further enhanced invasion by both untreated and HIV-Tat-pretreated monocytes by more than 10-fold. Monocyte invasion was partially inhibited by the inclusion of anti-beta integrin Ab or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP). Thus, for the first time, we present evidence that HIV-Tat can enhance the chemotactic and invasive behaviors of monocytes and propose an active role for HIV-Tat in the recruitment of monocytes into extravascular tissues, a process which may contribute to the destruction of tissues and cellular architecture often seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABO BLOOD GROUP AND LEVELS OF GAL ??,3GALACTOSE-REACTIVE HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN G1 (1997)

These results are consistent with the possibility that anti-alphaGal antibodies in non-B antigen-expressing individuals include a subset that is reactive with the structurally related B antigen and that this subset is absent in B and AB individuals.
A SPIN LABELED RETINAL PIGMENT ANALOGUE OF THE PURPLE MEMBRANE (1981)

Abstract— A spin labeled derivative of retinal (4‐[2, 2, 5,5‐tetramethyl‐l‐pyrrolidinyloxy‐3‐carboxyl]‐retinal) has been synthesized. The all‐ trans ‐isomer combined with the apoprotein of the purple membrane Halobacterium halobium to form a pigment which absorbs at 480 nm and which is unstable to hydroxyl‐amine. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of the pigment showed an anisotropic signal indicating immobilization of the nitroxide on the chromophore. The ester linkage on the chromo‐phore hydrolyzed in situ yielding the 4‐hydroxypigment analogue, absorbing at 540 nm, and the free 2, 2, 5,5‐tetramethyl‐l‐pyrrolidinyloxy‐3‐carboxylic acid.
Effective gene therapy for an inherited CNS disease in a large animal model (2005)

Genetic diseases affecting the brain typically have widespread lesions that require global correction. Lysosomal storage diseases are good candidates for central nervous system gene therapy, because active enzyme from genetically corrected cells can be secreted and taken up by surrounding diseased cells, and only small amounts of enzyme (<5% of normal) are required to reverse storage lesions. Injection of gene transfer vectors into multiple sites in the mouse brain has been shown to mediate widespread reversal of storage lesions in several disease models. To study a brain closer in size to the human brain, we evaluated the extent of storage correction mediated by a limited number of adeno-associated virus vector injections in the cat model of human alpha-mannosidosis. The treated cats showed remarkable improvements in clinical neurological signs and in brain myelination assessed by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Postmortem examination showed that storage lesions were greatly reduced throughout the brain, even though gene transfer was limited to the areas surrounding the injection tracks. The data demonstrate that widespread improvement of neuropathology in a large mammalian brain can be achieved using multiple injection sites during one operation and suggest that this could be an effective treatment for the central nervous system component of human lysosomal enzyme deficiencies.
Infrared observations of circumstellar ammonia in OH/IR supergiants (1980)

Ammonia has been detected in the circumstellar envelopes of VY Canis Majoris, VX Sagittarii, and IRC +10420 by means of several absorption lines in the nu-2 vibration-rotation band near 950 kaysers. The line profiles are well resolved (0.2 km/sec resolution) and show the gas being accelerated to terminal expansion velocities near 30 km/sec. The observations reveal a method for determining the position of the central star on VLBI maps of OH maser emission to an accuracy of approximately 0.2 arcsec. A firm lower limit of 2 x 10 to the 15th/sq cm is obtained for the NH3 column density in VY Canis Majoris.
Medicinal Foodstuffs. IV. Fenugreek Seed. (1): Structures of Trigoneosides Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, and IIIb, New Furostanol Saponins from the Seeds of Indian Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (1997)

Six new furostanol saponins called trigoneosides Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, and IIIb were isolated from a medicinal foodstuff, fenugreek seed, the seed of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Leguminosae) originating from India, together with two known saponins, glycoside D and trigofoenoside A. The structures of trigoneosides Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, and IIIb were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5 alpha-furostane-2 alpha,3 beta,22 zeta,26-tetraol 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)- 5 alpha-furostane-2 alpha,3 beta,22 zeta,26-tetraol 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5 beta-furostane-3 beta,22 zeta,26-triol 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5 beta-furostane-3 beta,22 zeta,26-triol 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5 alpha-furostane-3 beta,22 zeta,26-triol 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5 alpha-furostane-3 beta,22 zeta,26-triol 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.
Performance of Surgical Robots with Automatically Generated Spatial Virtual Fixtures (2006)

Our recent work on robotic surgical assistant systems has led us to develop a method to generate spatial motion constraints associated with complex 3D geometry for controlling a robot in a complicated working configuration. An application of specific interest is sinus surgery, in which complicated anatomic structure constrains the motion of the endoscope and other instruments, which are inserted through the nose into a sinus cavity. We have implemented this method in both hands-on cooperative operation and teleoperation control mode. We evaluate and compare user performance in these two operation modes. We show that cooperative operation is more intuitive for the user and easier to use. On the other hand, due to the robot stiffness of our current implementation, teleoperation mode shows more accurate. Both of these two robot-assisted modes significantly improve human’s performance compared to the totally freehand motion.
A PROCESS OF SEISMIC REFLECTION INTERPRETATION* (1954)

A bstract A process is described whereby the interpretation of seismic reflection data is carried out by a preliminary two‐dimensional plotting procedure followed by a three‐dimensional migration. The concept of a surface of maximum convexity is introduced as an integral part of the process of migration. The procedures for deriving the necessary charts of curves are considered and a number of serviceable charts presented.
Cultivation of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, ‘Ca. L. africanus’, and ‘Ca. L. americanus’ Associated with Huanglongbing (2009)

A new medium designated Liber A has been designed and used to successfully cultivate all three 'Candidatus Liberibacter spp.,' the suspect causative agents of huanglongbing (HLB) in citrus. The medium containing citrus vein extract and a growth factor sustained growth of 'Ca. Liberibacter spp.' for four or five single-colony transfers before viability declined. Colonies, positive for 'Ca. L. asiaticus' by a 16s-based rDNA real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and sequencing, were irregular-shaped, convex, and 0.1 to 0.3 mm after 3 to 4 days. Suspect 'Ca. L. asiaticus' and 'Ca. L. americanus' cells were observed in infected tissue and on agar culture by scanning electron microscopy. The cells were ovoid to rod shaped, 0.3 to 0.4 by 0.5 to 2.0 microm, often with fimbriae-like appendages. Two strains of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' and one of 'Ca. L. americanus' grown on Liber A medium were pathogenic on citrus and could be isolated from noninoculated tissues of inoculated trees and seedlings 9 and 2 months later, respectively. The identity was confirmed by RT-PCR and 16s rDNA sequencing. This is the first report of the cultivation and pathogenicity of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' and 'Ca. L. americanus' associated with symptoms of HLB.
Characterization of a functional promoter for the human retinoic acid receptor-alpha (hRAR-α) (1990)

The three retinoic acid receptors RAR-alpha, beta and gamma are thought to mediate the effects of RA in vivo. We have determined here the exon organisation in the 5' region of the human RAR-alpha (hRAR-alpha) gene, and have identified its promoter. This promoter drives the expression of promoterless beta-globin or CAT reporter genes when transfected into HeLa, Cos-1 or mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) P19.6 cells in culture. There are no TATA or CCAAT-box elements in this promoter, which appears to belong to the class of promoters made up of an initiator element preceded by several putative binding sites for the transcription factor Sp1. In addition, the hRAR-alpha promoter region contains a number of sequences that are similar to known enhancer elements. Notably, the hRAR-alpha promoter contains a sequence identical to a binding site for the Krox-20 transcription factors, a zinc finger-containing protein which is thought to play a role in the early development of the mouse central nervous system.
Synthesis of hemifluorinated ketones using disodium tetracarbonylferrate(II) (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of hemifluorinated ketones using disodium tetracarbonylferrate(II)James P. Collman and Norris W. HoffmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 8, 2689–2691Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00789a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00789a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of an HSV‐tk transgenic mouse model for study of liver damage (2005)

The herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-tk/GCV) system that selectively depletes cells expressing HSV-tk upon treatment with GCV has provided a valuable tool for developing a new animal model expressing the desired tissue damage. In this paper, an HSV-tk vector with an albumin promoter/enhancer was constructed. Based on the favourable killing effect on Hep-G2 cells by the recombinant construct, the HSV-tk transgenic mouse strains were developed. One strain of the TK transgenic mouse (TK5) was studied intensively. Integration of the target gene was confirmed primarily by PCR. Fluorescence in situ hybridization following G-banding analysis demonstrated that the insertion site was located at 2F1-G3. The hepatocyte-specific transcription and expression of HSV-tkwas verified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR as well as by immunohistochemical staining. When two second-generation mice (TK5-F1 and TK5-F2) were injected with GCV, the pathogenic alterations in the liver were readily identified, including the appearance of vaculation in the hepatocytes with inflammatory infiltration in the liver, and diffuse proliferation of hepatocytes. In addition, the blood test demonstrates a significant increase of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin. In conclusion, the transgenic mouse model with hepatocyte-specific expressed HSV-tk developed hepatitis with administration of GCV, had morphological and clinical chemical characteristics indicative of hepatocellular disease and should be useful for the the study of inducible liver-specific diseases.
Mutation of Antitrypsin to Antithrombin (1983)

Our previous studies predicted a functional relationship between the plasma proteins alpha 1-antitrypsin and antithrombin III. To elucidate this relationship we investigated the plasma of a 14-year-old boy who had died from an episodic bleeding disorder. A variant alpha 1-antitrypsin was identified in which the methionine at position 358 had been replaced by an arginine. This had converted the alpha 1-antitrypsin from its normal function as an inhibitor of elastase to that of an inhibitor of thrombin. This finding indicates that the reactive center of alpha 1-antitrypsin is methionine 358, which acts as a bait for elastase, just as the normal reactive center of antithrombin III is arginine 393, which acts as a bait for thrombin. The independence of the new thrombin inhibitor from heparin control explains the bleeding disorder; it also indicates that heparin normally acts directly on antithrombin III, revealing its inherent inhibitory activity. The episodic nature of the bleeding was a consequence of the mutant protein's being an acute-phase reactant, the level of which increased several-fold after trauma.
Regulation of myocardial function by histidine-rich, calcium-binding protein (2004)

Impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release has been suggested to contribute to the depressed cardiac function in heart failure. The release of Ca from the SR may be regulated by the ryanodine receptor, triadin, junctin, calsequestrin, and a histidine-rich, Ca-binding protein (HRC). We observed that the levels of HRC were reduced in animal models and human heart failure. To gain insight into the physiological function of HRC, we infected adult rat cardiac myocytes with a recombinant adenovirus that contains the full-length mouse HRC cDNA. Overexpression (1.7-fold) of HRC in adult rat cardiomyocytes was associated with increased SR Ca load (28%) but decreased SR Ca-induced Ca release (37%), resulting in impaired Ca cycling and depressed fractional shortening (36%) as well as depressed rates of shortening (38%) and relengthening (33%). Furthermore, the depressed basal contractile and Ca kinetic parameters in the HRC-infected myocytes remained significantly depressed even after maximal isoproterenol stimulation. Interestingly, HRC overexpresssion was accompanied by increased protein levels of junctin (1.4-fold) and triadin (1.8-fold), whereas the protein levels of ryanodine receptor, calsequestrin, phospholamban, and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase remained unaltered. Collectively, these data indicate that alterations in expression levels of HRC are associated with impaired cardiac SR Ca homeostasis and contractile function.
Recursive virtual machines for advanced security mechanisms (2011)

Virtualization contributes to the optimization and modularization of resource usage in a machine. Furthermore, many systems have relied on a virtualization layer to provide extra security functionality. Both features rank amongst the most important of the technological capabilities enabling cloud computing, improving performance and security. The availability of hardware support for ×86 virtualization allows to run virtual machines (VMs) with very low overhead. However, using hardware virtualization inside the OS makes it unavailable for any additional security code as the hardware supports only a single layer of VMs. Stacking virtual machines recursively is one solution to this problem. Unfortunately, current implementations induce an overhead that grows exponentially with the stacking depth. In the paper we address this conflict by describing a novel design that mitigates the performance issues of recursive virtual machines. Once this solved, the doors are open for the design of advanced security mechanisms that are implemented in the intermediate layers and provide additional security features to the system. We suggest concrete ways to further explore this avenue.
Cloning, tissue distribution, pharmacology and three-dimensional modelling of melanocortin receptors 4 and 5 in rainbow trout suggest close evolutionary relationship of these subtypes (2004)

The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most widely used fish species in aquaculture and physiological research. In the present paper, we report the first cloning, 3D (three-dimensional) modelling, pharmacological characterization and tissue distribution of two melanocortin (MC) receptors in rainbow trout. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that these receptors are orthologues of the human MC4 and MC5 receptors. We created 3D molecular models of these rainbow trout receptors and their human counterparts. These models suggest greater divergence between the two human receptors than between their rainbow trout counterparts. The pharmacological analyses demonstrated that ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) had surprisingly high affinity for the rainbow trout MC4 and MC5 receptors, whereas alpha-, beta- and gamma-MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) had lower affinity. In second-messenger studies, the cyclic MSH analogues MTII and SHU9119 acted as potent agonist and antagonist respectively at the rainbow trout MC4 receptor, indicating that these ligands are suitable for physiological studies in rainbow trout. Interestingly, we found that the rainbow trout MC4 receptor has a natural high-affinity binding site for zinc ions (0.5 microM) indicating that zinc may play an evolutionary conserved role at this receptor. Reverse transcription PCR indicates that the rainbow trout receptors are expressed both in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system, including the telencephalon, optic tectum and hypothalamus. Overall, this analysis indicates that the rainbow trout MC4 and MC5 receptors have more in common than their mammalian counterparts, which may suggest that these two receptors have a closer evolutionary relationship than the other MC receptor subtypes.