gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effects of L- and P-selectin in facilitating tumor metastasis can involve non-mucin ligands and implicate leukocytes as enhancers of metastasis (2002)

P-selectin facilitates human carcinoma metastasis in immunodeficient mice by mediating early interactions of platelets with bloodborne tumor cells via their cell surface mucins, and this process can be blocked by heparin [Borsig, L., Wong, R., Feramisco, J., Nadeau, D. R., Varki, N. M. & Varki, A. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 3352-3357]. Here we show similar findings with a murine adenocarcinoma in syngeneic immunocompetent mice but involving a different P-selectin ligand, possibly a sulfated glycolipid. Thus, metastatic spread can be facilitated by tumor cell selectin ligands other than mucins. Surprisingly, L-selectin expressed on endogenous leukocytes also facilitates metastasis in both the syngeneic and xenogeneic (T and B lymphocyte deficient) systems. PL-selectin double deficient mice show that the two selectins work synergistically. Although heparin can block both P- and L-selectin in vitro, the in vivo effect of a single heparin dose given before tumor cells seems to be completely accounted for by blockade of P-selectin function. Thus, L-selectin on neutrophils, monocytes, and/or NK cells has a role in facilitating metastasis, acting beyond the early time points wherein P-selectin mediates interactions of platelet with tumor cells.
Pilot-assisted wireless transmissions: general model, design criteria, and signal processing (2004)

Pilot-assisted transmission (PAT) multiplexes the known symbols with the information bearing data. These pilot symbols and the specific multiplexing scheme are known at the receiver and can be exploited for channel estimation, receiver adaptation, and optimal decoding. Even though PAT has been used for many practical reasons, there still remains a need for an optimal design. The theory and methodology for the design of an optimal PAT have emerged, but much still remains unknown. In this article, the author has presented an overview of PAT. A general PAT model is given as well as the review of the common design criteria. The information theoretic and signal processing issues were also discussed.
Audiofile: a network-transparent system for distributed audio applications (1993)

AudioFile is a portable, device-independent, network-transparent system for computer audio systems. Similar to the X Window System, it provides an abstract audio device interface with a simple network protocol to support a variety of audio hardware and multiple simultaneous clients. AudioFile emphasizes client handling of audio data and permits exact control of timing. This paper describes our approach to digital audio, the AudioFile protocol, the client library, the audio server, and some example client applications. It also discusses the performance of the system and our experience using standard networking protocols for audio. A source code distribution is available by anonymous FTP. This is a reprint of a paper that appeared in the Proceedings of the USENIX Summer Conference, June, 1993. c flUSENIX Association 1993. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted, provided that the copies are not made or distributed for commercial advantage, the USENIX Associ...
Multiphoton-absorbing organic materials for microfabrication, emerging optical applications and non-destructive three-dimensional imaging (2000)

Non-resonant two-photon absorption (TPA) can be defined as the simultaneous absorption of two photons, via a virtual state, in a medium. TPA exhibits a quadratic dependence of absorption on the incident light intensity, resulting in highly localized photoexcitation. Recent developments in the design and synthesis of efficient, stable TPA organic materials are discussed. Microfabrication via two-photon induced free radical polymerization of acrylate monomers and cationic polymerization of epoxide monomers was accomplished using commercially available photoinitiators, and also a custom-made compound possessing high two-photon absorptivity. Two-photon facilitated photoisomerization of a fulgide in solution and in a polymer thin film demonstrated two-photon induced photochromism and its application in interferometric image recording, respectively. Greatly enhanced signal-to-noise ratios and resolution were achieved in the non-destructive three-dimensional two-photon fluorescence imaging of a polymer-coated substrate versus conventional single-photon laser scanning confocal microscopic imaging. Multifunctional TPA organic materials and fabrication of functional microstructures are also discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Folate-Functionalized RAFT Polymers for Targeted siRNA Delivery (2011)

Receptor-mediated, cell-specific delivery of siRNA enables silencing of target genes in specific tissues, opening the door to powerful therapeutic options for a multitude of diseases. However, the development of delivery systems capable of targeted and effective siRNA delivery typically requires multiple steps and the use of sophisticated, orthogonal chemistries. Previously, we developed diblock copolymers consisting of dimethaminoethyl methacrylate-b-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate-co-propylacrylic acid as potent siRNA delivery systems that protect siRNA from enzymatic degradation and enable its cytosolic delivery through pH-responsive, endosomolytic behavior. (1, 2) These architectures were polymerized using a living radical polymerization method, specifically reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, which employs a chain transfer agent (CTA) to modulate the rate of reaction, resulting in polymers with low polydispersity and telechelic chain ends reflecting the chemistry of the CTA. Here we describe the straightforward, facile synthesis of a folate receptor-targeted diblock copolymer siRNA delivery system because the folate receptor is an attractive target for tumor-selective therapies as a result of its overexpression in a number of cancers. Specifically, we detail the de novo synthesis of a folate-functionalized CTA, use the folate-CTA for controlled polymerizations of diblock copolymers, and demonstrate efficient, specific cellular folate receptor interaction and in vitro gene knockdown using the folate-functionalized polymer.
Faculty As Doctoral Students: Policies of Doctoral Programs in Nursing (1985)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze existent policies of doctoral programs in nursing with respect to the dual assumption of the student and faculty member roles. A 7‐item instrument was developed to ascertain policies used by doctoral programs in nursing. All of the 22 programs surveyed responded. The majority of schools had doctoral students in nursing who were also on the faculty in their own program. Equal proportions of the sample (40.9%) either prohibited enrollment of faculty members in the doctoral programs at their schools or permitted enrollment with restrictions in at least one of the following areas: number of dual faculty/ students, rank, credit hours, and limitations to undergraduate teaching only. Each of the four schools having no regulation on the dual role were in private universities and had less than 9% of their faculty enrolled in their doctoral programs. Stringent policies were more likely to be found in public institutions and to have emanated from university regulations. The results indicated that the issue of dual role had achieved policy agenda status in schools of nursing with doctoral programs and that the concern is of such magnitude that it has resulted in policy formulation university‐wide. A variety of enrollment policies appear to have been accepted and valued.
Aqueous fluorination of carboxylic acid salts (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous fluorination of carboxylic acid saltsVytautas GrakauskasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 8, 2446–2450Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01260a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01260a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views890Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intragenic Suppression among CDC34 ( UBC3 ) Mutations Defines a Class of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Catalytic Domains (1995)

Ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzymes contain several regions within their catalytic domains that are highly conserved. However, within some of these conserved regions are several residues that may be used to define different classes of catalytic domains for the E2 enzymes. One class can be defined by the Ubc1 protein, which contains K-65, D-90, and D-120, while the corresponding positions within the Cdc34 (Ubc3) protein, which defines a second class of enzymes, contain S-73, S-97, and S-139, respectively. The presence of these differences within otherwise highly conserved regions of this family suggests that these residues may be critical for the specificity of Cdc34 function or regulation. Therefore, we have constructed a series of cdc34 alleles encoding mutant proteins in which these serine residues have been changed to other amino acid residues, including alanine and aspartic acid. In vivo complementation studies showed that S-97, which lies near the active site C-95, is essential for Cdc34 function. The addition of a second mutation in CDC34, which now encoded both the S97D and S73K changes, restored partial function to the Cdc34 enzyme. Moreover, the deletion of residues 103 to 114 within Cdc34, which are not present in the Ubc1-like E2s, allowed the S73K/S97D mutant to function as efficiently as wild-type Cdc34 protein. Finally, the cloning and sequencing of the temperature-sensitive alleles of CDC34 indicated that A-62 is also unique to the Cdc34 class of E2 enzymes and that mutations at this position can be detrimental to Cdc34 function. Our results suggest that several key residues within conserved regions of the E2 enzyme family genetically interact with each other and define a class of E2 catalytic domains.
PDGF mediates cardiac microvascular communication. (1998)

The diversity of cellular and tissue functions within organs requires that local communication circuits control distinct populations of cells. Recently, we reported that cardiac myocytes regulate the expression of both von Willebrand factor (vWF) and a transgene with elements of the vWF promoter in a subpopulation of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (J. Cell Biol. 138:1117). The present study explores this communication. Histological examination of the cardiac microvasculature revealed colocalization of the vWF transgene with the PDGF alpha-receptor. Transcript analysis demonstrated that in vitro cardiac microvascular endothelial cells constitutively express PDGF-A, but not B. Cardiac myocytes induced endothelial expression of PDGF-B, resulting in PDGF-AB. Protein measurement and transcript analysis revealed that PDGF-AB, but not PDGF-AA, induced endothelial expression of vWF and its transgene. Antibody neutralization of PDGF-AB blocked the myocyte-mediated induction. Immunostaining demonstrated that vWF induction is confined to PDGF alpha-receptor-positive endothelial cells. Similar experiments revealed that the PDGF-AB/alpha-receptor communication also induces expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and Flk-1, critical components of angiogenesis. The existence of this communication pathway was confirmed in vivo. Injection of PDGF-AB neutralizing antibody into the amniotic fluid surrounding murine embryos extinguished expression of the transgene. In summary, these studies suggest that environmental induction of PDGF-AB/alpha-receptor interaction is central to the regulation of cardiac microvascular endothelial cell hemostatic and angiogenic activity.
Risk of Methicillin‐ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfection after Previous Infection or Colonization (2003)

Studies evaluating the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-associated sequelae in colonized or infected inpatients have not extended follow-up into the period after discharge from the hospital. We determined the 18-month risk of MRSA infection among 209 adult patients newly identified as harboring MRSA. Twenty-nine percent of patients (60 patients) developed subsequent MRSA infections (90 infections). These infections were often severe. Twenty-eight percent of infections (25 of 90) involved bacteremia, and 56% (50 of 90) involved pneumonia, soft tissue infection, osteomyelitis, or septic arthritis. Eighty percent of patients (48 of 60) with subsequent MRSA infection developed the infection at a new site, and 49% of new MRSA infections (44 of 90) first became manifest after discharge from the hospital. Accurate assessment of the risk of MRSA-associated sequelae requires prolonged follow-up after discharge.
Metal Chelates to Prevent or Clear the Deposits of Amyloid β-peptide(1-40) induced by Zinc(II) Chloride (2005)

Abstract We have observed that some metal compounds can dissociate the aggregated proteins in solution, and can prevent or clear the deposits of amyloid β-peptide(1-40) induced by zinc(II) ion.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF β-D-GALACTOSIDASE CONTROLLED BY PHAGE-CARRIED GENES. I. INDUCED β-D-GALACTOSIDASE BIOSYNTHESIS AFTER TRANSDUCTION OF GENE z + BY PHAGE (1961)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
B-lymphocyte depletion for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: now things really get interesting (2009)

Conventional wisdom is that B lymphocytes are a major driving force behind autoantibody-dependent autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, and the autoimmune blistering diseases, ...
Study of Creative Interests in Book Art of the Students of Arts and Graphics Faculty (AGF) of MSPU (2016)

The purpose of the present article is to investigate creative interests in book art of the students of Arts and Graphics Faculty of the Moscow State Pedagogical University. To cover the topic with the most detail, the author intends to consider the issue broadly, beginning with analysing the research of philosophers and psychologists related to perception of book in this era and its role in life of the modern society, and to comparison of roles of computer and manual graphics in visual art, in particular, in book illustration. Theoretical means of the study is investigating literature and internet resources indirectly covering the declared topic. Empirical means of the study is examination of academic activities in Arts and Graphics Faculty and recording the data in the form of statistics, pedagogical experiment and creative activity of the author. The results of the study include discovering of the main trends that influence students' interests in book art, making an attempt to identify the reasons of certain facts, provision of quantitative and qualitative properties of the students' preferences on the stages of additional education, doing a diploma project, studying at master and postgraduate programmes. The article conclusion gives the findings of the study, that are: abiding interest of students to studying and creative interpretation of book art; domination of interest to children's literature, poetry, fantastic fiction and Russian classical literature; tendency of covering various aspects of book design (composition, illustrations, fonts art and bookbinding, methods of teaching book art in the system of continuous art education). It is necessary, from the author's viewpoint, to take the mentioned findings into account while developing the content of teaching, formulating curricula and working programs, in the thesis topics.
HSP70 vaccine in combination with gene therapy with plasmid DNA encoding sPD‐1 overcomes immune resistance and suppresses the progression of pulmonary metastatic melanoma (2006)

Many tumor immunotherapy efforts are focused on the generation of strong T-cell response against tumor antigens. However, strong T-cell response does not always coincide with tumor rejection, for which upregulated expression of immunoinhibitory molecules may be responsible. In this study, the treatment with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) vaccine induced an infiltration of T cells into the tumor site as well as the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-2, and delayed lung metastases of tumor, but the tumor progression nonetheless occur finally. We demonstrated that B7-H1 expressed by residual tumor cells was responsible for the resistance of tumor to the therapy with HSP70 vaccine. Blockade of B7-H1 by i.v. injection pPD-1A, a plasmid encoding the extracellular domain of PD-1 (sPD-1), could reverse this resistance and enhance the therapeutic efficacy. To complement these findings, we investigated the gene expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by Real-time PCR analysis, which revealed that the expression of TH1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 by TIL in the mice treated with HSP70 vaccine in combination with sPD-1 was increased and the expression of negative regulatory molecules IL-10, TGF-beta and foxp3 was decreased, demonstrating that multifunctional properties afforded by the combination therapy can effectively overcome tumor resistance and promote effective antitumor immunity. The in vivo transfection with pPD-1A could be performed as infrequently as once a week and still produce a significant antitumor effect. These findings suggest that the treatment with HSP70 vaccine followed by blockade of tumor-B7-H1 with sPD-1 may provide a promising approach for tumor immunotherapy.
dRAM design using the taper-isolated dynamic RAM cell (1982)

The TI dRAM cell, a MOSFET with two dynamically programmable threshold states, is very attractive for VLSI dRAM's because of its potential 3× density advantage over the one-transistor and-capacitor (1-T) cell, 10× lower leakage at high temperatures compared to the 1-T cell, and its immunity to soft errors. Linear scaling of the 1-T cell by a factor <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> reduces the available signal by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim k</tex> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , whereas the charging current for the TI RAM cell is invariant to scaling since the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">W/L</tex> ratio remains constant allowing it to scale to higher density. An experimental array (64 rows by 8 columns), representing a cross section of a 16K dRAM, with on-chip decoding and sensing has been fabricated using the TI RAM cell as the memory element. Using 4-µm design rules, the cell size was 204 µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> due to pitch requirements for the decoder and sense amplifier. This compares with 170-200 µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the 1-T cell using 2.5-µm design rules being fabricated in the 64K dRAM's today. The array which is compatible with 5-V-only operation was designed to provide diagnostic capability rather than speed and shows the data can be accessed 85-100 ns after the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\bar{CAS}</tex> signal. In this paper, the physics of the TI RAM cell are discussed as well as circuit considerations for its implementation into an array.
Control of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell proliferation and its implication in cardiovascular disease (1998)

At homeostasis, endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the arterial wall are fully differentiated and display a very low proliferative index. However, unlike terminally differentiated cells, mature ECs and VSMCs maintain their ability to dedifferentiate and reenter the cell cycle in response to several environmental stimuli. Because of the contribution of EC and VSMC proliferation to the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease, considerable effort has been devoted to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate cell cycle progression in these cell types. These regulatory networks and the implications they may have for cardiovascular disease are reviewed here.
Kinetochore components recognized by human autoantibodies are present on mononucleosomes. (1985)

We have developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for solubilized kinetochore components, using human CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) scleroderma autoimmune antibodies specific for these kinetochore elements. Using this quantitative assay, we found interphase persistent or "pre-kinetochore" components in low- and moderately high-salt (375 mM salt) extracts of micrococcal nuclease-digested rat liver and chicken erythrocyte nuclei. The release of antigen activity from nuclei under these conditions has been correlated with loss of pre-kinetochore foci as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Combined biochemical and competition assay analysis of chicken erythrocyte nuclear extracts indicates that pre-kinetochore components are tightly bound to chromatin of mononucleosome size. The conclusions based on competition assay data are supported by a direct binding assay, which confirms that antigens recognized by CREST sera are present on chromatin. These results raise the possibility that the kinetochore-specific chromosomal antigen(s) we have detected substitutes for "standard" mononucleosome components, such as histone H1. Furthermore, they suggest approaches to the isolation of kinetochore-specific DNA sequences from higher eucaryotes.