gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond pulse distortion in GaAs quantum wells and its effect on pump-probe or four-wave-mixing experiments (1994)

We show that a low-intensity femtosecond pulse is severely distorted while propagating through a relatively thin (\ensuremath{\approxeq}6300 \AA{}) GaAs multiple-quantum-well sample near the exciton resonance at low temperatures. This pulse distortion depends critically on the dephasing time ${\mathit{T}}_{2}$, the total thickness l, detuning, and inhomogeneous broadening. In thinner, high-quality samples (l3000 \AA{}, exciton linewidth 1 meV), the distortion is smaller and free-induction-decay-like. An interferometric measurement reveals the existence of well-defined nodes at which the envelope function changes its sign, demonstrating that the source of the pulse distortion is the reradiation of the induced dipoles. While the effects of this pulse distortion on pump-probe or four-wave-mixing experiments are relatively small for samples with l3000 \AA{}, samples with l&gt;6000 \AA{} are strongly affected.
Effects of Inhaled Heparin on Immunologic and Nonimmunologic Bronchoconstrictor Responses in Sheep (1992)

The glycosaminoglycan heparin has been shown to block inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptors in various tissues. Because IP3 is one of the pathways involved in stimulus-secretion coupling in mast cells, it is possible that heparin may inhibit airway anaphylaxis. Thus, the purpose of the present investigation was to study the effect of inhaled heparin on immunologically and nonimmunologically induced bronchoconstriction in allergic sheep. Specific lung resistance (SRL) was measured in 15 sheep allergic to Ascaris suum antigen, before and after inhalation challenge with the specific antigen, compound 48/80, histamine, and carbachol. On a different day, the animals were pretreated with inhaled heparin and airway challenges with the antigen and agonists were repeated. Antigen alone increased SRL by 367 +/- 119% (mean +/- SE) above baseline (p less than 0.05). Inhaled heparin had no effect on baseline SRL, but attenuated antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in a dose-dependent fashion: mean SRL increased by 313 +/- 87, 151 +/- 69, and 24 +/- 20% above baseline with 100, 300, and 1,000 U/kg of heparin, respectively. Inhaled benzyl alcohol preservative, dextran sulfate, and de-N-sulfated heparin failed to inhibit antigen-induced bronchoconstriction. The dose of heparin (1,000 U/kg) that completely blocked antigen-induced bronchoconstriction also attenuated the bronchoconstriction induced by compound 48/80 (delta SRL = 374 +/- 72 versus 35 +/- 12%), but failed to block the bronchoconstrictor effects of histamine and carbachol. These data suggest that inhaled heparin prevents bronchoconstrictor responses induced by by stimuli that produce immunologic and nonimmunologic mast-cell degranulation in sheep, without attenuating agonist-induced bronchoconstriction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AS A SUPERSYSTEM (1997)

I coined a term "supersystem" to designate highly integrated life systems such as the immune system, nervous system, and embryogenesis. While the mechanistic system is defined as a set of diverse elements so connected and related as to form an organic whole for a particular purpose, the "supersystem" engenders its own elements from a single progenitor. The diverse elements thus generated form relationship by mutual adaptation and coadaptation, and thus they create a dynamic self-regulating system through self-organization. It is a closed self-satisfied system, yet open to the environment, receiving outside signals to transduce them into internal messages for self-regulation and expansion. Unlike a mechanistic system, the "supersystem" has no defined purpose and determines its own fate by referring to its self-established behavioral pattern. Both the immune and nervous systems develop and function as a typical "supersystem." The prototype of the supersystem can be seen in embryogenesis and evolution. The concept of the supersystem can also be applied to the development of language, or a city, or other cultural phenomena that human beings have created as a result of their vital activities.
Effect of endurance exercise training on Ca2+–calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II expression and signalling in skeletal muscle of humans (2007)

Here the hypothesis that skeletal muscle Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) expression and signalling would be modified by endurance training was tested. Eight healthy, young men completed 3 weeks of one-legged endurance exercise training with muscle samples taken from both legs before training and 15 h after the last exercise bout. Along with an approximately 40% increase in mitochondrial F(1)-ATP synthase expression, there was an approximately 1-fold increase in maximal CaMKII activity and CaMKII kinase isoform expression after training in the active leg only. Autonomous CaMKII activity and CaMKII autophosphorylation were increased to a similar extent. However, there was no change in alpha-CaMKII anchoring protein expression with training. Nor was there any change in expression or Thr(17) phosphorylation of the CaMKII substrate phospholamban with training. However, another CaMKII substrate, serum response factor (SRF), had an approximately 60% higher phosphorylation at Ser(103) after training, with no change in SRF expression. There were positive correlations between the increases in CaMKII expression and SRF phosphorylation as well as F(1)ATPase expression with training. After training, there was an increase in cyclic-AMP response element binding protein phosphorylation at Ser(133), but not expression, in muscle of both legs. Taken together, skeletal muscle CaMKII kinase isoform expression and SRF phosphorylation is higher with endurance-type exercise training, adaptations that are restricted to active muscle. This may contribute to greater Ca(2+) mediated regulation during exercise and the altered muscle phenotype with training.
Structure, Electrochemical Properties, and Thermal Stability Studies of Cathode Materials in the xLi[Mn[sub 1∕2]Ni[sub 1∕2]]O[sub 2]⋅yLiCoO[sub 2]⋅zLi[Li[sub 1∕3]Mn[sub 2∕3]]O[sub 2] Pseudoternary System (x+y+z=1) (2005)

Cathode material candidates with discharge capacities greater than , excellent cycling performance, and good thermal stability can be found as solid solutions in the pseudoternary system, . In this paper, we designate such samples by the formula , where . Samples with show an extended voltage plateau near during the first removal of lithium that is thought to correspond to the simultaneous removal of Li and oxygen form the structure. After traversing this plateau, materials can be cycled reversibly between 4.6 and for many cycles with high capacity. In this paper we compare the capacity, capacity retention, rate capability, and reactivity of these high-capacity materials with and and , , , , and . The following trends are revealed: (i) capacity and capacity retention improve as increases at fixed , in the range , for cells cycled between 2.5 and ; (ii) primary particle size increases with Co content, , increases at fixed ; however (iii) the reactivity of charged materials with electrolyte becomes more severe for samples with Co content, . The results here show that samples having a composition between and show high discharge capacity (approximately between at C/6) and excellent cycling performance (above 97% capacity retention for ). In addition, these samples charged to show less reactivity with ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate electrolyte than charged to only . Therefore, these cathode materials are suggested for energy cells used in cell phones, laptops, and so on.
Solubilizing Acid‐Labile Peptide Protecting Groups (1979)

Work with peptides can be facilitated by a new protecting group. It combines the structural characteristics and properties of triethylene glycol groups (solubilization) and tert-butyl groups (acid lability).
Generalized surface and volume decimation for unstructured tessellated domains (1996)

A general algorithm for decimating unstructured discretized data sets is presented. The discretized space may be a planar triangulation, a general 3D surface triangulation, or a 3D tetrahedrization. The decimation algorithm enforces Dirichlet boundary conditions, uses only existing vertices, and assumes manifold geometry. Local dynamic vertex removal is performed without history information, while preserving the initial topology and boundary geometry. The research focuses on how to remove a vertex from an existing unstructured n-dimensional tessellation, not on the formulation of decimation criteria. Criteria for removing a candidate vertex may be based on geometric properties or any scalar governing function specific to the application.
Modulation of MHC Class II Expression in Human Cells by Dexamethasone (1995)

The effect of dexamethasone on human MHC class II expression was examined on various cell types including lymphocytes, monocytes, and epithelial cells. Dexamethasone decreased the surface expression of HLA-DR and -DP, but not HLA-DQ, on lymphocytic cell lines that constitutively express these molecules. In addition, dexamethasome down-regulated the mRNA levels of HLA-DRA, but not of HLA-DQB, in Jijoye cells, a human lymphoblastic cell line. Similarly, dexamethasone decreased HLA-DR expression on epithelial and monocytic cell lines that express HLA-DR upon IFN-gamma treatment. In total, these results suggest that dexamethasone inhibits both constitutive and IFN-gamma-inducible MHC class II expression in several cell types. Moreover, these results indicate that the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on MHC class II expression is selective for HLA-DR and -DP but not HLA-DQ. Possible mechanisms of dexamethasone-mediated regulation of MHC class II expression are discussed.
Controlling macro and micro surface topography for a 45nm copper CMP process using a high resolution profiler (2008)

Challenges in back-end-of-line process flow are becoming more critical as the 65 and 45 nm process control requirements become more stringent. Unoptimized copper CMP processing contributes to a significant portion of yield losses downstream, if electrical device performance does not address the technology node targets. Adequate metrology is required to meet the challenge of consistent wafer uniformity control in removing the excess copper on 300 mm wafers while preserving the material interface dielectrics at sub-nanometer levels. Dishing of the metal lines, which show the predictive nature of isolated in-die metal line loss, and erosion of the dielectric oxide across multiple oxide-metal line arrays are two key parameters indicative of the planarization process. As feature sizes continue to shrink, micro-dishing and edge-over-erosion become important to characterize and control. For process development, the knowledge of the macro and micro planarity will be increasingly essential to preventing lithography depth of focus issues. In manufacturing, the need for CMP process stability increases as a process excursion could occur at any time. In-line monitoring of macro and micro-level surface topography, dishing, erosion, micro-dishing, and edge-over-erosion parameter values allows fine tuning, optimization, and process control.
Dens evaginatus involving a supernumerary (mesiodens) tooth. (1989)

The presence of dens evaginatus has not been reported previously in the Indian race. The condition affects the premolars most commonly, and is rarely reported in molars, canines, or incisors. The involvement of a supernumerary (mesiodens) tooth with a traumatic aetiology is a rare finding. The treatment included the extraction of the involved tooth for functional and aesthetic reasons.
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN TO ADMINISTRATION OF LOW- TEMPERATURE ADAPTED RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (1971)

Thirty-nine infants and children 6 months to 13 years of age received live 26°C grown respiratory syncytical (RS) virus (strain A2) by the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal route. RS virus was recovered from 22 individuals and 17 of these showed a significant rise in CF and/or plaque reduction serum antibody. Twelve of those from whom virus was recovered and an additional three from whom virus was not recovered showed a threefold or greater rise of RS nasal neutralizing activity. Thus 26 of the total showed some evidence of having been infected with the ES strain. The rate of infection was significantly greater in infants and children under 2 years of age than in older children. Infection in individuals older than 8 months of age was asymptomatic. Three infants infected with the vaccine strain had relatively minor respiratory tract illness. The findings from this study indicate that the low-temperature adapted virus retains a low level of virulence which is expressed only in individuals undergoing primary infection. Nonetheless, these studies have shown that it is possible to induce local and systemic immune responses to RS virus by means other than fully virulent natural infection.
NF-kappa B in rheumatoid arthritis: a pivotal regulator of inflammation, hyperplasia, and tissue destruction. (2001)

The transcription factor NF-kappa B has been well recognized as a pivotal regulator of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but recent developments revealed a broad involvement of NF-kappa B in other aspects of RA pathology, including development of T helper 1 responses, activation, abnormal apoptosis and proliferation of RA fibroblast-like synovial cells, and differentiation and activation of bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts. In agreement with this, studies in animal models of RA have demonstrated the high therapeutic efficacy of specific inhibitors of NF-kappa B pathway, indicating the feasibility of anti-NF-kappa B therapy for human disease.
68.3: Invited Paper : Transparent Amorphous Oxide Semiconductors for High Performance TFT (2007)

Abstract This paper briefly describes unique electron transport properties of transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors (TAOS) for TFT performance along with our material design concept. Emphasized is essential importance of indium ion for emergence of high field effect mobility on the basis of recent results on electronic structure calculation on amorphous InGaZnO 4 .
A multiscale systems perspective on cancer, immunotherapy, and Interleukin-12 (2010)

Monoclonal antibodies represent some of the most promising molecular targeted immunotherapies. However, understanding mechanisms by which tumors evade elimination by the immune system of the host presents a significant challenge for developing effective cancer immunotherapies. The interaction of cancer cells with the host is a complex process that is distributed across a variety of time and length scales. The time scales range from the dynamics of protein refolding (i.e., microseconds) to the dynamics of disease progression (i.e., years). The length scales span the farthest reaches of the human body (i.e., meters) down to the range of molecular interactions (i.e., nanometers). Limited ranges of time and length scales are used experimentally to observe and quantify changes in physiology due to cancer. Translating knowledge obtained from the limited scales observed experimentally to predict patient response is an essential prerequisite for the rational design of cancer immunotherapies that improve clinical outcomes. In studying multiscale systems, engineers use systems analysis and design to identify important components in a complex system and to test conceptual understanding of the integrated system behavior using simulation. The objective of this review is to summarize interactions between the tumor and cell-mediated immunity from a multiscale perspective. Interleukin-12 and its role in coordinating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is used illustrate the different time and length scale that underpin cancer immunoediting. An underlying theme in this review is the potential role that simulation can play in translating knowledge across scales.
Multifunctional Core−Shell Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Imaging and Photosensitizing Agents (2009)

Here we report the preparation of a novel multifunctional core-shell nanocomposite material that contains a nonporous dye-doped silica core and a mesoporous silica shell containing photosensitizer molecules, hematoporphyrin (HP). This architecture allows simultaneous fluorescence imaging and photosensitization treatment. The photosensitizer molecules are covalently linked to the mesoporous silica shell and exhibit excellent photo-oxidation efficiency. The efficiency of photo-oxidation of the core-shell hybrid nanoparticles was demonstrated to be significantly improved over that in the homogeneous solution. The mesoporous silica nanovehicle acts not only as a carrier for the photosensitizers but also as a nanoreactor to facilitate the photo-oxidation reaction. The doping of fluorescence dyes into the nonporous core endows the imaging capability, which has been demonstrated with cell imaging experiments. This approach could be easily extended to conjugate other functional regents if necessary. These multifunctional nanovehicles possess unique advantages in acting as nanocarriers in photodynamic therapy to allow simultaneous high-resolution targeting and treatment.
Information Impact and Allocation Rules in Auctions with Affiliated Private Values: A Laboratory Study (1987)

John H. Kagel, Ronald M. Harstad, Dan Levin, Information Impact and Allocation Rules in Auctions with Affiliated Private Values: A Laboratory Study, Econometrica, Vol. 55, No. 6 (Nov., 1987), pp. 1275-1304
On 3-D scene flow and structure recovery from multiview image sequences (2003)

Two novel systems computing dense three-dimensional (3-D) scene flow and structure from multiview image sequences are described in this paper. We do not assume rigidity of the scene motion, thus allowing for nonrigid motion in the scene. The first system, integrated model-based system (IMS), assumes that each small local image region is undergoing 3-D affine motion. Non-linear motion model fitting based on both optical flow constraints and stereo constraints is then carried out on each local region in order to simultaneously estimate 3-D motion correspondences and structure. The second system is based on extended gradient-based system (EGS), a natural extension of two-dimensional (2-D) optical flow computation. In this method, a new hierarchical rule-based stereo matching algorithm is first developed to estimate the initial disparity map. Different available constraints under a multiview camera setup are further investigated and utilized in the proposed motion estimation. We use image segmentation information to adopt and maintain the motion and depth discontinuities. Within the framework for EGS, we present two different formulations for 3-D scene flow and structure computation. One formulation assumes that initial disparity map is accurate, while the other does not. Experimental results on both synthetic and real imagery demonstrate the effectiveness of our 3-D motion and structure recovery schemes. Empirical comparison between IMS and EGS is also reported.
Selective reductions. 30. Effect of cation and solvent on the reactivity of saline borohydrides for reduction of carboxylic esters. Improved procedures for the conversion of esters to alcohols by metal borohydrides (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective reductions. 30. Effect of cation and solvent on the reactivity of saline borohydrides for reduction of carboxylic esters. Improved procedures for the conversion of esters to alcohols by metal borohydridesHerbert C. Brown, S. Narasimhan, and Yong Moon ChoiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 24, 4702–4708Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00145a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00145a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5349Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ceramide levels are inversely associated with malignant progression of human glial tumors (2002)

Ceramide represents an important sphingoid mediator involved in the signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. To determine whether ceramide levels correlate with the malignant progression of human astrocytomas, we investigated these levels in surgical specimens of glial tumors of low-grade and high-grade malignancy. Tumor samples obtained from 52 patients who underwent therapeutic removal of primary brain tumors were used. The tumors were classified according to standard morphologic criteria and were grouped into tumors of low-grade and high-grade malignancy. Sections of normal brain tissue adjacent to the tumor were also analyzed in 11 of the 52 patients. After extraction and partial purification, ceramide was measured by quantitative derivatization to ceramide-1-phosphate using diacylglycerol kinase and [gamma-(32)P]ATP. Ceramide levels were significantly lower in the combined high-grade tumors compared with low-grade tumors and in both tumor groups compared with peritumoral tissue. The results indicate an inverse correlation between the amount of ceramide and tumor malignancy as assessed by both the histological grading and ganglioside pattern. Moreover, overall survival analysis of 38 patients indicates that ceramide levels are significantly associated with patient survival. The present findings indicate that ceramide is inversely associated with malignant progression of human astrocytomas and poor prognosis. The downregulation of ceramide levels in human astrocytomas emerges as a novel alteration that may contribute to glial neoplastic transformation. The low ceramide levels in high-grade tumors may provide an advantage for their rapid growth and apoptotic resistant features. This study appears to support the rationale for the potential benefits of a ceramide-based chemotherapy.
Design automation for microfluidics-based biochips (2005)

Advances in microfluidics technology offer exciting possibilities in the realm of enzymatic analysis, DNA analysis, proteomic analysis involving proteins and peptides, immunoassays, implantable drug delivery devices, and environmental toxicity monitoring. Microfluidics-based biochips are therefore gaining popularity for clinical diagnostics and other laboratory procedures involving molecular biology. As more bioassays are executed concurrently on a biochip, system integration and design complexity are expected to increase dramatically. This paper presents different actuation mechanisms for microfluidics-based biochips, as well as associated design automation trends and challenges. The underlying physical principles of eletrokinetics, electrohydrodynamics, and thermo-capillarity are discussed. Next, the paper presents an overview of an integrated system-level design methodology that attempts to address key issues in the modeling, simulation, synthesis, testing and reconfiguration of digital microfluidics-based biochips. The top-down design automation will facilitate the integration of fluidic components with microelectronic component in next-generation system-on-chip designs.