gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abrogation of Src Homology Region 2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase 1 in Tumor-Specific T Cells Improves Efficacy of Adoptive Immunotherapy by Enhancing the Effector Function and Accumulation of Short-Lived Effector T Cells In Vivo (2012)

T cell expression of inhibitory proteins can be a critical component for the regulation of immunopathology owing to self-reactivity or potentially exuberant responses to pathogens, but it may also limit T cell responses to some malignancies, particularly if the tumor Ag being targeted is a self-protein. We found that the abrogation of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) in tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells improves the therapeutic outcome of adoptive immunotherapy in a mouse model of disseminated leukemia, with benefit observed in therapy employing transfer of CD8(+) T cells alone or in the context of also providing supplemental IL-2. SHP-1(-/-) and SHP-1(+/+) effector T cells were expanded in vitro for immunotherapy. Following transfer in vivo, the SHP-1(-/-) effector T cells exhibited enhanced short-term accumulation, followed by greater contraction, and they ultimately formed similar numbers of long-lived, functional memory cells. The increased therapeutic effectiveness of SHP-1(-/-) effector cells was also observed in recipients that expressed the tumor Ag as a self-antigen in the liver, without evidence of inducing autoimmune toxicity. SHP-1(-/-) effector CD8(+) T cells expressed higher levels of eomesodermin, which correlated with enhanced lysis of tumor cells. Furthermore, reduction of SHP-1 expression in tumor-reactive effector T cells by retroviral transduction with vectors that express SHP-1-specific small interfering RNA, a translatable strategy, also exhibited enhanced antitumor activity in vivo. These studies suggest that abrogating SHP-1 in effector T cells may improve the efficacy of tumor elimination by T cell therapy without affecting the ability of the effector cells to persist and provide a long-term response.
Stage‐specific expression of microRNAs during Xenopus development (2004)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress target genes at the post-transcriptional level and play important roles in development and cell lineage decision. However, in vertebrates, both the targets of miRNAs and their expression profile during development are poorly understood. Here, we report the detailed expression profiles of miRNAs from oocyte stage to tadpole stage in Xenopus laevis. As development proceeds, a variety of miRNAs start to be expressed. Most miRNAs emerged at a specific stage and were continuously expressed until the tadpole stage. In addition, we identified a novel miRNA that was expressed only at specific stages of development and that is likely to have roles in midblastula transition.
Internal Electric Field Densities of Metal Nanoshells (2005)

The internal field patterns for gold shells filled with the same material as the surrounding medium are calculated with Mie theory and in the quasistatic approximation and their properties compared to the response of homogeneous spheres and metallic rings. One major difference between the sphere and shell case is that the areas of highest field enhancement in metallic shells are located perpendicular to the incident polarization, whereas for metallic spheres they are along the polarization direction. Recent results based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) are shown to be misleading, which might be due to the use of a too coarse grid size. We also show that the type of resonance and the associated internal field pattern (low or high energy) has a strong impact on the external fields.
The Amounts of Nucleotide Variation Within and Between Allelic Classes and the Reconstruction of the Common Ancestral Sequence in a Population (1997)

The amounts of nucleotide variation within and between allelic classes were studied. The expectation and variance of the number of segregating sites and the expectation of the average number of pairwise differences among a sample of DNA sequences were obtained by using the theory of gene genealogy with no recombination. When the ancestral allelic class is unknown, it was found that the amount of variation within an allelic class increases with its frequency in the sample, while the amount of variation between two allelic classes is the largest when the two allelic classes exist equally. On the other hand, if we know the ancestral allelic class, as the frequency of the mutant allelic class increases, the amounts of variation within the mutant allelic class and between two allelic classes increase and the amount of variation within the ancestral allelic class decreases. As an example, we analyzed the polymorphism in the ND5 gene of Drosophila melanogaster and constructed the common ancestral sequence with high confidence, suggesting that the pattern of polymorphism within species gives useful information to know the ancestral sequence of the species.
A New Concept of Vascular Supply to the Skin and Classification of Skin Flaps According to Their Vascularization (1986)

The success of fasciocutaneous flaps is based on the existence of epifascial vascular networks and reliable blood supply. However, there has been no thorough classification of the vascular anatomy of the fascia and skin and there is some confusion in regard to cutaneous vascular nomenclature. We divide the vascular systems involved in the cutaneous circulation into four categories. This permits classification of skin flaps into five types (cutaneous, fasciocutaneous, adipofascial, septocutaneous, and musculocutaneous flaps). Fasciocutaneous flaps can be further divided into six types, according to the patterns of the vascular input to the fasciocutaneous plexus. This classification has been demonstrated to be related to clinical effects. Nine new free and island flaps are discussed.
Identification and Characterization of a Constitutively Active STAT5 Mutant That Promotes Cell Proliferation (1998)

STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins are transcription factors which are activated by phosphorylation on tyrosine residues upon stimulation by cytokines. Seven members of the STAT family are known, including the closely related STAT5A and STAT5B, which are activated by various cytokines. Except for prolactin-dependent beta-casein production in mammary gland cells, the biological consequences of STAT5 activation in various systems are not clear. We applied PCR-driven random mutagenesis and a retrovirus-mediated expression screening system to identify constitutively active forms of STAT5. By this strategy, we have identified a constitutively active STAT5 mutant which has two amino acid substitutions; one is located upstream of the putative DNA binding domain (H299R), and the other is located in the transactivation domain (S711F). The mutant STAT5 was constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine residues, localized in the nucleus, and was transcriptionally active. Expression of the mutant STAT5 partially dispenses with interleukin 3 (IL-3) as a growth stimulant of IL-3-dependent cell lines. Further analyses of the mutant STAT5 have demonstrated that both of the mutations are required for nuclear localization, efficient transcriptional activation, and induction of IL-3-independent growth of an IL-3-dependent cell line, Ba/F3, and have indicated that a molecular basis for the constitutive activation is the stability of the phosphorylated form of the mutant STAT5.
Highly efficient electro-gene therapy of solid tumor by using an expression plasmid for the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (2000)

We report successful electro-gene therapy (EGT) by using plasmid DNA for tumor-bearing mice. Subcutaneously inoculated CT26 tumor was subjected to EGT, which consists of intratumoral injection of a naked plasmid encoding a marker gene or a therapeutic gene, followed by in vivo electroporation (EP). When this treatment modality is carried out with the plasmid DNA for the green fluorescent protein gene, followed by in vivo EP with the optimized pulse parameters, numerous intensely bright green fluorescent signals appeared within the tumor. EGT, by using the "A" fragment of the diphtheria toxin gene significantly inhibited the growth of tumors, by about 30%, on the flank of mice. With the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene, followed by systemic injection of ganciclovir, EGT was far more effective in retarding tumor growth, varying between 50% and 90%, compared with the other controls. Based on these results, it appears that EGT can be used successfully for treating murine solid tumors.
Characterization Of A Crosslink-Containing Fragment Derived From The A Polymer Of Human Fibrin And Its Application In Immunologic Studies Using MonoclonalAntibodies (1981)

A high molecular weight crosslink-containing fragment derived from cyanogen bromide (CNBr) digests of the a polymer component of human fibrin has been isolated and characterized. The material has been used to generate monoclonal antibodies toward the goals of (1) producing fibrin-specific probes for use in the early detection of thrombosis and (2) generating monoclonal lines to single determinants in the COOH-terminal region of the Aα chain for use in structural studies of fibrinogen and fibrin. Biochemical and immunologic characterization data indicate the fragment is comprised, predominantly, of equimolar quantities of the CNBr peptides spanning residues #241-476 (CNBr 8) and #518-584 (CNBr 10) in the original Aα chain. The acceptor and donor units are crosslinked via an average of 2.8-3.2 ε-(γ-glutamyl) lysine bonds per mole of CNBr 8 + CNBr 10 producing heterogeneously sized fragments in the range of 80,000-200,000 daltons. Two types of monoclonal lines have been obtained. The first react with regions of primary structure and in one instance immunoreactivity could be localized to the Aa tryptic peptide #253-268. The second type appear to recognize conformational determinants as shown by one antibody that reacts well with the CNBr crosslinked fragment but poorly with its constituent peptides.
The Role of Iron in Diabetes and Its Complications (2007)

The central importance of iron in the pathophysiology of disease is derived from the ease with which iron is reversibly oxidized and reduced. This property, while essential for its metabolic functions, makes iron potentially hazardous because of its ability to participate in the generation of powerful oxidant species such as hydroxyl radical (1). Oxygen normally accepts four electrons and is converted directly to water. However, partial reduction of oxygen can and does occur in biological systems. Thus, the sequential reduction of oxygen along the univalent pathway leads to the generation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and water (1,2). Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide appear to be the primary generated species. These species may then play a role in the generation of additional and more reactive oxidants, including the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (or a related highly oxidizing species) in which iron salts play a catalytic role in a reaction. This reaction is commonly referred to as the metal catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction (1): \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[\frac{\mathrm{Fe}^{3{+}}{+}\mathrm{O}\_{{\dot{2}}}^{{\mbox{--}}} \mathrm{Fe}^{2{+}}{+}\mathrm{O}\_{2} \mathrm{Fe}^{2{+}}{+}\mathrm{H}\_{2}\mathrm{O}\_{2} \mathrm{Fe}^{3{+}}{+}{\cdot}\mathrm{OH}{+}\mathrm{OH}{-}}{\mathrm{O}\_{{\dot{2}}}^{{\mbox{--}}}{+}\mathrm{H}\_{2}\mathrm{O}\_{2} \mathrm{O}\_{2}{+}{\cdot}\mathrm{OH}{+}\mathrm{OH}{-}}\] \end{document} Because iron participates in the formation of reactive oxygen species, organisms take great care in the handling of iron. Indeed, iron sequestration in transport and storage proteins may contribute to antioxidant defenses. It is now well established that oxidants can cause the release of catalytic iron (1); thus, a vicious cycle is initiated that leads to the formation of more reactive oxygen species.

In this review, we discuss the role tissue iron and elevated body iron stores play in causing type 2 diabetes and the pathogenesis of its important complications, particularly diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition, we emphasize that iron overload is not a prerequisite for iron to mediate either diabetes or its complications. Important in its pathophysiology is the availability of so-called catalytic iron or iron that is available to …
VCaP, a cell-based model system of human prostate cancer. (2001)

This cell line was derived from a metastatic tumor to the vertebrae of a prostate cancer patient. It exhibits many of the characteristics of clinical prostate carcinoma, including expression of PSA, PAP, and AR. We believe that VCaP will be a useful addition to the existing models of prostate cancer, and enable more advanced study of the mechanisms of prostate cancer progression and metastasis.
The reaction of embryonic cells to solid structures (1914)

striking case of a cellular tropism (taktische Reizbarkeit) in the behavior of the mesenchyme cells of the sea urchin embryo.It must likewise not be forgotten that as early as 1892 R a m h y Cajal had stated his theory of chemotaxis to account for the outgrowth of the nerve fiber.6Inexplicable as it may seem, very little of a definite nature has been added to our knowledge of this field since the period just cited.In my work on the development of peripheral nerves' it was definitely shown in confirmation of Cajal's theory, that the active factor in the spinning of the nerve fiber is a small mass of amoeboid protoplasm at the end of a cell process.The formation of long fibers by means of this mechanism was found t o be a characteristic of embryonic nervous tissue, but other somewhat different forms of activity of the same general nature were seen in all cells of the frog embryo when cultivated in clotted lymph.8No rigorous proof of the reaction of moving cells t o definite stimuli was given in the course of these experiments.One of the most striking circumstances noted, however, was that when the lymph clotted firmly the movement was nearly always active, while in the cases in which the medium remained fluid only rounded cells were seen and these failed to undergo characteristic changes of form and locomotion.These observations led to the hypothesis that the cells were positively stereotropic and therefore unable to leave the solid masses to move out into purely fluid media.The work of Burrows with tissues of the chick embryo lent support to this hypothesis and it has since received further confirmation from other source^.^Prior to this L. Loeb,l0 a La retine des vert6br6Ei'.La Cellule, T. 9, 1892.8 Cells with processes of hyaline protoplasm were seen by Roux in the course of his work on cytotropism.The pseudopodia were described by him as occurring on cells that had become attached to the bottom.In one passage Roux states (op.cit., p. 163) that it is doubtful if any cytotropic movements take place without the solid base.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of omeprazole after single and repeated oral administration in healthy subjects. (1990)

1. Ten healthy subjects were given 20 mg omeprazole EC (enteric coated) granules once daily for 8 days. An i.v. tracer dose of [14C]-omeprazole was given simultaneously with the first and last oral doses and blood sampling was performed thereafter. In order to study the extent of absorption at minimal acid exposure, a single dose of 20 mg omeprazole was also given as a buffered solution, before and after the treatment with EC granules. 2. Kinetic parameters of omeprazole after the i.v. tracer dose were unchanged on repeated dosing while AUC increased by approximately 40% for the solution and 60% for the EC granules. 3. The increased AUC is caused by an increased systemic availability, which may be explained by a decreased first-pass elimination during repeated treatment and/or by a reduced degradation of omeprazole in the stomach secondary to the profound decrease in intragastric acidity caused by the drug. 4. The implication of these findings is that the antisecretory effect of therapeutic doses of omeprazole must be studied during repeated administration and not judged from studies using single doses only.
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator-1 promotes cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis (2000)

Cardiac mitochondrial function is altered in a variety of inherited and acquired cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have identified the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) as a regulator of mitochondrial function in tissues specialized for thermogenesis, such as brown adipose. We sought to determine whether PGC-1 controlled mitochondrial biogenesis and energy-producing capacity in the heart, a tissue specialized for high-capacity ATP production. We found that PGC-1 gene expression is induced in the mouse heart after birth and in response to short-term fasting, conditions known to increase cardiac mitochondrial energy production. Forced expression of PGC-1 in cardiac myocytes in culture induced the expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genes involved in multiple mitochondrial energy-transduction/energy-production pathways, increased cellular mitochondrial number, and stimulated coupled respiration. Cardiac-specific overexpression of PGC-1 in transgenic mice resulted in uncontrolled mitochondrial proliferation in cardiac myocytes leading to loss of sarcomeric structure and a dilated cardiomyopathy. These results identify PGC-1 as a critical regulatory molecule in the control of cardiac mitochondrial number and function in response to energy demands.
Components of the peptidoglycan-recycling pathway modulate invasion and intracellular survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (2004)

beta-Lactam resistance in enteric bacteria is frequently caused by mutations in ampD encoding a cytosolic N-acetylmuramyl- l-alanine amidase. Such mutants are blocked in murein (peptidoglycan) recycling and accumulate cytoplasmic muropeptides that interact with the transcriptional activator ampR, which de-represses beta-lactamase expression. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, an extensively studied enteric pathogen, was used to show that mutations in ampD decreased the ability of S. typhimurium to enter a macrophage derived cell line and made the bacteria more potent as inducers of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as compared with the wild-type. ampG mutants, defective in the transport of recycled muropeptides across the cytoplasmic membrane, behaved essentially as the wild-type in invasion assays and in activation of iNOS. As ampD mutants also have reduced in vivo fitness in a murine model, we suggest that the cytoplasmic accumulation of muropeptides affects the virulence of the ampD mutants.
Fungitoxic Isoflavones from Lupinus albus and other Lupinus Species (1983)

The constitutive isoflavones genistein, 2'-hydroxygenistein, wighteone and luteone have been isolated in varying amounts from methanolic leaf washings of eight species belonging to the legume genus Lupinus. These four compounds likewise occur in the flower buds, stems, roots and immature pods of L. albus, and in stems and roots of L. angustifolius and L. mutabilis. A minor isoflavone present in L. albus and L. luteus leaf washings has been identified by chemical and spectroscopic procedures as 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-(3,3-dimethylallyl)isoflavone (lupisoflavone). Apart from genistein, 2'-hydroxygenistein, wighteone and luteone, the roots of L. albus also contain alpinumisoflavone, licoisoflavone B and 6,3'-di-(3,3-dimethylallyl)genistein (lupalbigenin)
Local Intraluminal Infusion of Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles (1996)

Nanoparticles successfully penetrated into the vessel wall and persisted for up to 14 days after a short, single intraluminal infusion. Local administration of nanoparticles with incorporated dexamethasone significantly decreased neointimal formation. This methodology appears to have important potential for clinical applications in local drug delivery.
In Renal Transplants With Delayed Graft Function Chemokines and Chemokine Receptor Expression Predict Long-Term Allograft Function (2010)

An early expression of RANTES in renal allografts with delayed graft function with consecutive invasion of CCR1 positive cells seems to promote ongoing IF/TA and to worse renal allograft outcome.
Messungen der Nierendurchblutung mit der Digitalen Funktionsangiographie (DFA) (1984)

Article Messungen der Nierendurchblutung mit der Digitalen Funktionsangiographie (DFA) was published on January 1, 1984 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 29, issue s1).
Intractable angina pectoris: management with dorsal column stimulation (1987)

This case report gives the first published description of the use of dorsal column stimulation in the management of a patient with intractable angina pectoris that was unresponsive to maximal medical therapy, who was unsuitable for coronary artery revascularization surgery.
Circulation patterns of genetically distinct group A and B strains of human respiratory syncytial virus in a community. (1998)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is classified into two major groups, A and B, each of which contains multiple variants. To characterize the molecular epidemiology of HRSV strains over time, sequencing studies of a variable region of the attachment protein gene from a single community in the United States during 5 successive years were performed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clades (genotypes) that were further classified in subtypes based on > or = 96% nucleotide similarity. Five genotypes and 22 subtypes among 123 group A HRSV isolates, and four distinct genotypes and six subtypes among 81 group B HRSV isolates were identified. One to two genotypes or subtypes accounted for > or = 50% of isolates from a given year. A shift in the predominant genotype or subtype occurred each year such that no genotype or subtype predominated for more than 1 of the 5 study years. The consistency in the displacement of the predominant strain suggests that a shift, even within the same group, is advantageous to the virus. It was hypothesized that the 'novel' strain is better able to evade previously induced immunity in the population and consequently either circulates more efficiently or is more pathogenic. The yearly shift in HRSV strains may contribute to the ability of HRSV to consistently cause yearly outbreaks of HRSV disease. These results also suggest that isolates may need to be characterized as to both group and genotype to fully understand protective immunity after natural infection and efficacy studies of candidate vaccines.
Large‐Area, Electronically Monodisperse, Aligned Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Films Fabricated by Evaporation‐Driven Self‐Assembly (2012)

By varying the evaporation conditions and the nanotube and surfactant concentrations, large-area, aligned single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin films are fabricated from electronically monodisperse SWCNT solutions by evaporation-driven self-assembly with precise control over the thin film growth geometry. Tunability is possible from 0.5 μm stripes to continuous thin films. The resulting SWCNT thin films possess highly anisotropic electrical and optical properties that are well suited for transparent conductor applications.