gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cryoprotective Additives and Cryopreservation Protocol on Sperm Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Recovery of Motile Human Sperm (1993)

ABSTRACT Sperm membrane damage during cryopreservation reduces the recovery of motile sperm. The present study investigates changes in sperm motility and membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) in response to two changes in the standard sperm cryopreservation/thawing methodology: 1) the addition of platelet‐activating factor (PAF) and pentoxifylline (PTX) as cryoprotective additives, and 2) the alteration of sample thawing time. PAF (1 μM) and PTX (3 mM) were added to fresh sperm samples prior to cryopreservation. After 2 weeks the samples were thawed either quickly (5 minutes at 37°C) or slowly (30 minutes at 4°C) and evaluated for sperm motility and LPO. Thawing time influenced both post‐thaw motility and LPO. Samples thawed quickly exhibited a 31% increase in motility recovery (35.2 ± 4.3% in quick‐thaw samples; 24.3 ± 3.9% in slow‐thaw samples) and a 23% lower LPO level (23.3 ± 3.4% in quick‐thaw samples; 30.09 ± 4.4% in slow‐thaw samples) compared to samples thawed slowly. Results also demonstrated that PAF (49 ± 1.7%) or PTX (42.6 ± 1.5%) enhance post‐thaw motility in comparison to control (35.8 ± 1.2%), whereas neither PAF nor PTX affect post‐thaw LPO (19.1 ± 2.2% in controls; 20.2 ± 1.7% in PAF samples; 20.5 ± 1.4% in PTX samples). These results support observations that there is a negative correlation between sperm motility and LPO in cryopreserved samples. The results also discount the hypothesis that LPO protection is a result of the cryoprotective action of PAF or PTX.
Promiscuous prediction and conservancy analysis of CTL binding epitopes of HCV 3a viral proteome from Punjab Pakistan: an In Silico Approach (2011)

The study revealed comprehensive catalogue of potential HCV derived CTL epitopes from viral proteome of Pakistan origin. A considerable number of predicted epitopes were found to be conserved in different HCV genotype. However, the number of conserved epitopes in HCV genotype 3 was significantly higher in contrast to its conservancy in HCV genotype 1 and 2. Despite of the lower conservancy in genotype 1 and 2, all the predicted epitopes have important implications in diagnostics as well as CTL-based rational vaccine design, effective for most population of the world and especially the Pakistani population.
p63 and p73: Roles in Development and Tumor Formation (2004)

The tumor suppressor p53 is critically important in the cellular damage response and is the founding member of a family of proteins. All three genes regulate cell cycle and apoptosis after DNA damage. However, despite a remarkable structural and partly functional similarity among p53, p63, and p73, mouse knockout studies revealed an unexpected functional diversity among them. p63 and p73 knockouts exhibit severe developmental abnormalities but no increased cancer susceptibility, whereas this picture is reversed for p53 knockouts. Neither p63 nor p73 is the target of inactivating mutations in human cancers. Genomic organization is more complex in p63 and p73, largely the result of an alternative internal promoter generating NH2-terminally deleted dominant-negative proteins that engage in inhibitory circuits within the family. Deregulated dominant-negative p73 isoforms might play an active oncogenic role in some human cancers. Moreover, COOH-terminal extensions specific for p63 and p73 enable further unique protein-protein interactions with regulatory pathways involved in development, differentiation, proliferation, and damage response. Thus, p53 family proteins take on functions within a wide biological spectrum stretching from development (p63 and p73), DNA damage response via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest (p53, TAp63, and TAp73), chemosensitivity of tumors (p53 and TAp73), and immortalization and oncogenesis (DeltaNp73).
Adeno-associated virus type 2 as vector for human gene therapy: Characterization of virus-host interactions (2003)

Vectors based on adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) offer considerable promise for somatic gene therapy of various diseases (e.g. cystic fibrosis, hemophilia B, cancer). Limitations, however, still exist and require further improvement. The study presented here addresses two major problems that hamper a widespread use of AAV in human gene therapy: First, the loss of site-specific integration of recombinant AAV vectors (rAAV) due to the deletion of the rep gene, and secondly, the potential neutralization of AAV gene therapy vectors by preexisting antibodies. It could be demonstrated that site-specific integration of a transgene encoding rAAV vector can be efficiently restored by providing rep as plasmid DNA in trans. Based on these findings, a rAAV vector was developed where a plasmid coding for Rep was coupled as polylysine/DNA complex (PLL/DNA) directly to the capsid of the virion and co-transduction of such a PLL/DNA coupled to AAV was shown. Thus, providing rep-DNA as PLL/DNA should allow rAAV vectors to integrate specifically at chromosome 19. To characterize immunogenic domains of the AAV capsid and to develop strategies to circumvent neutralization by antibodies, AAV capsid mutants carrying peptide insertions in surface exposed loop regions were investigated in binding and neutralization assays. Three positions could be identified in the AAV capsid (at aa 534, 573, and 578 of the VP1 protein) where binding and neutralization of the virus by human serum samples was markedly reduced. These result suggest that capsid modifications could help to overcome binding and neutralization by human antisera in clinical gene therapy applications.
The CommandTalk spoken dialogue system (1999)

Article Free Access Share on The CommandTalk spoken dialogue system Authors: Amanda Stent SRI International, Menlo Park, CA SRI International, Menlo Park, CAView Profile , John Dowding SRI International, Menlo Park, CA SRI International, Menlo Park, CAView Profile , Jean Mark Gawron SRI International, Menlo Park, CA SRI International, Menlo Park, CAView Profile , Elizabeth Owen Bratt SRI International, Menlo Park, CA SRI International, Menlo Park, CAView Profile , Robert Moore SRI International, Menlo Park, CA SRI International, Menlo Park, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACL '99: Proceedings of the 37th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Computational LinguisticsJune 1999 Pages 183–190https://doi.org/10.3115/1034678.1034713Online:20 June 1999Publication History 29citation333DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations29Total Downloads333Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
MICROBIAL DYNAMICS AND INTERACTIONS IN THE SPERMOSPHERE (2004)

The spermosphere represents a short-lived, rapidly changing, and microbiologically dynamic zone of soil surrounding a germinating seed. It is analogous to the rhizosphere, being established largely by the carbon compounds released into the soil once the seed begins to hydrate. These seed exudations drive the microbial activities that take place in the spermosphere, many of which can have long-lasting impacts on plant growth and development as well as on plant health. In this review, I discuss the nature of the spermosphere habitat and the factors that give rise to its character, with emphasis on the types of microbial activities in the spermosphere that have important implications for disease development and biological disease control. This review, which represents the first comprehensive synthesis of the literature on spermosphere biology, is meant to illustrate the unique nature of the spermosphere and how studies of interactions in this habitat may serve as useful experimental models for testing hypotheses about plant-microbe associations and microbial ecology.
Elevated Intra-abdominal Pressure and Renal Function (1982)

The effect of increased intra-abdominal pressure on cardiac output and renal function was investigated using anesthetized dogs into whom inflatable intraperitoneal bags were placed. Hemodynamic and renal function measurements were made at intra-abdominal pressures of 0, 20, and 40 mmHg. Renal blood flo and glomerular filtration rate decreased to les than 25% of normal when the intra-abdominal pressure was elevated to 20 mmHg. At 40 mmHg intra-abdominal pressure, three dogs became anuric, and the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate of the remaining dogs was 7% of normal, while cardiac output was reduced to 37% of normal. Expansion of the blood volume using Dextran-40 easily corrected the deficit in cardiac output, but renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate remained less than 25% of normal. Renal vascular resistance increased 555% when the intra-abdominal pressure was elevated from 0 to 20 mmHg, an increase fifteen-fold that of systemic vascular resistance. This suggests that the impairment in renal function produced by increased intra-abdominal pressure is a local phenomenon caused by direct renal compression and is not related to cardiac output.
In silico abstraction of zinc finger nuclease cleavage profiles reveals an expanded landscape of off-target sites (2013)

Gene-editing nucleases enable targeted modification of DNA sequences in living cells, thereby facilitating efficient knockout and precise editing of endogenous loci. Engineered nucleases also have the potential to introduce mutations at off-target sites of action. Such unintended alterations can confound interpretation of experiments and can have implications for development of therapeutic applications. Recently, two improved methods for identifying the off-target effects of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) were described-one using an in vitro cleavage site selection method and the other exploiting the insertion of integration-defective lentiviruses into nuclease-induced double-stranded DNA breaks. However, application of these two methods to a ZFN pair targeted to the human CCR5 gene led to identification of largely non-overlapping off-target sites, raising the possibility that additional off-target sites might exist. Here, we show that in silico abstraction of ZFN cleavage profiles obtained from in vitro cleavage site selections can greatly enhance the ability to identify potential off-target sites in human cells. Our improved method should enable more comprehensive profiling of ZFN specificities.
The effect of feeding various levels of Bifidobacterium globosum A on the performance, gastrointestinal measurements, and immunity of weanling pigs and on the performance and carcass measurements of growing-finishing pigs1 (1993)

Four trials using 312 weanling pigs (average initial weight, 7.2 kg) were conducted to examine the effect of Bifidobacterium globosum A (BGA) on the growth performance, scour scores, humoral and cell-mediated immune response, and pH and chloride ion concentration (CIC) of feces and gastrointestinal tract contents of pigs. Dietary treatments were 0, 5.0 x 10(4), 6.7 x 10(6), and 7.5 x 10(8) colony forming units (cfu) of BGA/d in Trial 1 and 0, 6.0 x 10(4), 5.0 x 10(5), and 5.0 x 10(6) cfu/d in Trials 2 through 4. Pigs fed the low or medium levels of supplemental BGA had a greater ADG (P < .05) than control pigs throughout Trial 1, whereas ADG was quadratically increased (P < .05) for the low or medium levels only during wk 3 to 5 for the pooled data for Trials 2, 3, and 4. The primary effect of dietary BGA additions on ADFI was a quadratic increase during wk 3 to 5 for Trial 1 (P < .05) and for the pooled data of Trials 2 through 4 (P < .10). Gain:feed ratios were generally unaffected by addition of BGA. Both ADFI and ADG tended to be decreased (P < .10) at the highest level of BGA in all trials. Scouring was not severe in any of the trials and was not consistently affected by feeding BGA. The pH and CIC of gastrointestinal contents or feces were not influenced by the feeding of BGA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Research and Practice on the ‘Case-Run through Type’ Teaching Model of Machinery Manufacturing (2013)

To counter the current situation that undergraduate course teaching separates from the real enterprise producing, and the terrible capacity for work in the undergraduates trained by university, the paper is to explore the "Case-run through type" Teaching Model of Machinery Manufacturing. The model depends on a certain mechanical product, according to the production task to decompose and build a practice teaching system, then to design practice teaching content by the production technology process and sequence. By use of the model, the students can well understand the theoretical knowledge. And it further can help students stimulate the learning interest. Therefore, the students' operation skills and comprehensive ability were greatly improved. In the meantime, the teaching abilities of teachers were also improved.
Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown and Angiogenesis in Brain Trauma (1997)

The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and angiogenesis, observed previously in the cerebral cortical cold-injury model, was investigated. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess BBB permeability to plasma fibronectin and to localize VEGF protein in the cortical cold-injury model over a period of 10 min to 14 days post-injury. BBB breakdown to fibronectin in lesion vessels was observed at 10 min post-injury, was maximal between 2 and 4 days and declined gradually thereafter, while occasional perilesional vessels remained permeable up to 6 days. Increased VEGF immunoreactivtiy occurred later-it was observed in pial vessels after 6 hours (h), and persisted up to day 14. Arterioles within the cold lesion showed VEGF immunoreactivity at 36 h, thus preceding the onset of endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis that occurred from day 3 to day 5. VEGF immunoreactivity was also observed in inflammatory cells and astrocytes. These results indicate that the immediate breakdown of the BBB in the cold lesion is unrelated to VEGF. The presence of mural VEGF in permeable pial vessels and lesional arterioles suggests that VEGF is one of several factors that mediates BBB breakdown in this model. The association of maximal VEGF immunoreactivity with endothelial proliferation and neovascularization suggests that VEGF promotes angiogenesis and repair following brain trauma.
LTE-3G Inter-Operability Study (2013)

In this thesis the author have studied and measured how LTE Release 8 interworks with previous legacy 3G networks in real environmental conditions. At present, LTE technology is deployed based on service hotspots that cover small geographical areas. It is expected that full scale deployment of LTE network will take a considerable time, which also means the mobile users have to primarily depend on legacy 3G and 2G networks for years to come. Therefore, it is important to study the interworking mechanisms between LTE and legacy networks in order to provide seamless mobility and uninterrupted user services in primarily available LTE hotspots.&#13;\nIn order to perform this study, field measurements have been carried out in DNA commercial network in outdoor and indoor environments. Initially, cell selection and reselection criteria for inter-RAT mobility in idle condition is mathematically checked and verified. Then, channel conditions are studied and analyzed based on radio parameters like RSRP, RSCP, RSRQ, Ec/No, SNR and CQI when inter-RAT handover is performed. After that, an inter-RAT handover test from LTE towards 3G is studied with the help of signalling message. Next, the impact of inter-RAT handover on KPIs like MAC DL throughput, handover success rate, RTT, handover latency and user plane delay are studied and analyzed. Finally, performance of inter-RAT handover in outdoor and indoor measurement environment is compared based on KPI measurements.&#13;\nFrom this study, it is found that inter-RAT mobility from LTE towards 3G network is working in both idle and connected modes with 100 percent handover success rate, however, the user experienced network latency around 4 seconds in average. The user experienced degradation in throughput because of decreasing link quality. The user data service interruption is roughly for 3-4 seconds and the RTT value for 32 bytes of data is observed to be around 300 ms in average during handover. It is also found that the impact of inter-RAT handover in indoor environment is higher than outdoor environment based on KPIs results.
Gray-scale photolithography using microfluidic photomasks (2003)

The ability to produce three-dimensional (3D) microstructures is of increasing importance in the miniaturization of mechanical or fluidic devices, optical elements, self-assembling components, and tissue-engineering scaffolds, among others. Traditional photolithography, the most widely used process for microdevice fabrication, is ill-suited for 3D fabrication, because it is based on the illumination of a photosensitive layer through a "photomask" (a transparent plate that contains opaque, unalterable solid-state features), which inevitably results in features of uniform height. We have devised photomasks in which the light-absorbing features are made of fluids. Unlike in conventional photomasks, the opacity of the photomask features can be tailored to an arbitrary number of gray-scale levels, and their spatial pattern can be reconfigured in the time scale of seconds. Here we demonstrate the inexpensive fabrication of photoresist patterns that contain features of multiple and/or smoothly varying heights. For a given microfluidic photomask, the developed photoresist pattern can be predicted as a function of the dye concentrations and photomask dimensions. For selected applications, microfluidic photomasks offer a low-cost alternative to present gray-scale photolithography approaches.
The Pepper Mannose-Binding Lectin Gene CaMBL1 Is Required to Regulate Cell Death and Defense Responses to Microbial Pathogens (2011)

Plant mannose-binding lectins (MBLs) are crucial for plant defense signaling during pathogen attack by recognizing specific carbohydrates on pathogen surfaces. In this study, we isolated and functionally characterized a novel pepper (Capsicum annuum) MBL gene, CaMBL1, from pepper leaves infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (Xcv). The CaMBL1 gene contains a predicted Galanthus nivalis agglutinin-related lectin domain responsible for the recognition of high-mannose N-glycans but lacks a middle S-locus glycoprotein domain and a carboxyl-terminal PAN-Apple domain. The CaMBL1 protein exhibits binding specificity for mannose and is mainly localized to the plasma membrane. Immunoblotting using a CaMBL1-specific antibody revealed that CaMBL1 is strongly expressed and accumulates in pepper leaves during avirulent Xcv infection. The transient expression of CaMBL1 induces the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), the activation of defense-related genes, and the cell death phenotype in pepper. The G. nivalis agglutinin-related lectin domain of CaMBL1 is responsible for cell death induction. CaMBL1-silenced pepper plants are more susceptible to virulent or avirulent Xcv infection compared with unsilenced control plants, a phenotype that is accompanied by lowered reactive oxygen species accumulation, reduced expression of downstream SA target genes, and a concomitant decrease in SA accumulation. In contrast, CaMBL1 overexpression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) confers enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato and Alternaria brassicicola infection. Together, these data suggest that CaMBL1 plays a key role in the regulation of plant cell death and defense responses through the induction of downstream defense-related genes and SA accumulation after the recognition of microbial pathogens.
Skeletal muscle protein metabolism in the elderly: Interventions to counteract the 'anabolic resistance' of ageing (2011)

Age-related muscle wasting (sarcopenia) is accompanied by a loss of strength which can compromise the functional abilities of the elderly. Muscle proteins are in a dynamic equilibrium between their respective rates of synthesis and breakdown. It has been suggested that age-related sarcopenia is due to: i) elevated basal-fasted rates of muscle protein breakdown, ii) a reduction in basal muscle protein synthesis (MPS), or iii) a combination of the two factors. However, basal rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown are unchanged with advancing healthy age. Instead, it appears that the muscles of the elderly are resistant to normally robust anabolic stimuli such as amino acids and resistance exercise. Ageing muscle is less sensitive to lower doses of amino acids than the young and may require higher quantities of protein to acutely stimulate equivalent muscle protein synthesis above rest and accrue muscle proteins. With regard to dietary protein recommendations, emerging evidence suggests that the elderly may need to distribute protein intake evenly throughout the day, so as to promote an optimal per meal stimulation of MPS. The branched-chain amino acid leucine is thought to play a central role in mediating mRNA translation for MPS, and the elderly should ensure sufficient leucine is provided with dietary protein intake. With regards to physical activity, lower, than previously realized, intensity high-volume resistance exercise can stimulate a robust muscle protein synthetic response similar to traditional high-intensity low volume training, which may be beneficial for older adults. Resistance exercise combined with amino acid ingestion elicits the greatest anabolic response and may assist elderly in producing a 'youthful' muscle protein synthetic response provided sufficient protein is ingested following exercise.
Increased type-IV collagenase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activity following preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer (2000)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preoperative high-dose radiotherapy (25 Gy in 5 fractions over 5 days) on the type-IV collagenase protein profile, in patients with resectable rectal cancer, by gelatin zymography. Biopsy samples of tumour and distant normal mucosa from 12 patients with resectable rectal cancer were obtained pre- and post-radiotherapy. Expression of type-IV collagenases (both pro- and active forms) was studied using gelatin zymography. Enzyme levels were normalized for total protein content of each sample. Rectal cancer specimens expressed both pro (72 kDa) and active (62 kDa) forms of MMP-2 but only the pro form of MMP-9 (92 kDa). Normal mucosa showed expression of the pro forms of MMP-2 and MMP-9 while no active form of either enzyme was detected in any of the samples. A significant three- to fourfold increase (P < 0.01) of active matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 (62 kDa) was seen in malignant rectal mucosa after radiotherapy. The effect of radiotherapy also led to a twofold increase (P = 0.047) of pro MMP-2 (72 kDa) and a two- to threefold increase (P = 0.03) of the precursor form of MMP-9 (92 kDa). In contrast, in normal mucosa expression of the precursor form of MMP-9 (92 kDa) did not change after radiation, and no significant effect on the levels of pro MMP-2 (72 kDa) was observed. Preoperative high-dose radiotherapy leads to an increase in activity of type-IV collagenases in patients with resectable rectal cancer. Type-IV collagenase inhibition may be a useful therapeutic adjunct to radiotherapy in rectal cancer.
Important Advances in Oncology 1986 (1986)

This book contains 15 chapters. Some of the chapter titles are: Chromosomal Rearrangements, Genes, and Fragile Sites in Cancer; Clinical and Biologic Implications; New Aspects of Clinical Drug Resistance: The Role of Gene Amplification and The Reversal of Resistance in Drug Refractory Cancer; Control of Gene Expression and the Replication and Pathogenesis of Retroviruses; and Unconventional Fractionation Schemes in Radiotherapy.