gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus-Mediated Blockade Of Tumor Necrosis Factor In Mice Protects Against Endotoxic Shock Yet Impairs Pulmonary Host Defense (1995)

A replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus encoding a chimeric protein capable of binding tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin was given to mice. Administration of this virus (10(9) pfu intravenously) yielded high levels of the recombinant protein in plasma and afforded significant protection to a lethal challenge with lipopolysaccharide with or without D-galactosamine. However, this protein inhibitor was readily detectable in the lung and was associated with decreased neutrophil recruitment and bacterial killing after intratracheal LPS or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. These data reflect the dual role of many proinflammatory cytokines. This model of TNF inhibition is similar to the homozygous 55-kDa TNF receptor deletion; thus, adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of cytokine inhibitors in vivo is a useful tool to abrogate the function of single or multiple cytokines for investigational or therapeutic purposes.
Coordination between the Polymerase and 5′-Nuclease Components of DNA Polymerase I of Escherichia coli (2000)

The polymerase and 5'-nuclease components of DNA polymerase I must collaborate in vivo so as to generate ligatable structures. Footprinting shows that the polymerase and 5'-nuclease cannot bind simultaneously to a DNA substrate and appear to compete with one another, suggesting that the two active sites are physically separate and operate independently. The desired biological end point, a ligatable nick, results from the substrate specificities of the polymerase and 5'-nuclease. The preferred substrate of the 5'-nuclease is a "double-flap" structure having a frayed base at the primer terminus overlapping the displaced strand that is to be cleaved by the 5'-nuclease. Cleavage of this structure occurs almost exclusively between the first two paired bases of the downstream strand, yielding a ligatable nick. In whole DNA polymerase I, the polymerase and 5'-nuclease activities are coupled such that the majority of molecules cleaved by the 5'-nuclease have also undergone polymerase-catalyzed addition to the primer terminus. This implies that the 5'-nuclease can capture a DNA molecule from the polymerase site more efficiently than from the bulk solution.
Cardinal exponential splines: part I - theory and filtering algorithms (2005)

Causal exponentials play a fundamental role in classical system theory. Starting from those elementary building blocks, we propose a complete and self-contained signal processing formulation of exponential splines defined on a uniform grid. We specify the corresponding B-spline basis functions and investigate their reproduction properties (Green function and exponential polynomials); we also characterize their stability (Riesz bounds). We show that the exponential B-spline framework allows an exact implementation of continuous-time signal processing operators including convolution, differential operators, and modulation, by simple processing in the discrete B-spline domain. We derive efficient filtering algorithms for multiresolution signal extrapolation and approximation, extending earlier results for polynomial splines. Finally, we present a new asymptotic error formula that predicts the magnitude and the Nth-order decay of the L/sub 2/-approximation error as a function of the knot spacing T.
Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome are caused by a deletion in the same region on chromosome 4p 16.3. (1997)

Recently, a deletion of chromosome 4pter was found in three patients with Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome. We investigated two of these patients, by means of DNA and FISH studies, together with two additional patients with Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome, to determine the critical region of the deletion in these patients and to compare this with the critical region in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. All four patients showed terminal deletions of chromosome 4p of different sizes. One of them appeared to have an unbalanced karyotype caused by a cryptic translocation t(4;8) in the mother, resulting in a deletion of chromosome 4pter and a duplication of chromosome 8pter. The localisation of the Wolf-Hirschhorn critical region has been confined to approximately 1 Mb between D4S43 and D4S115. Our study shows that the deletions in four patients with the Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome overlap the Wolf-Hirschhorn critical region and extend beyond this in both directions. This study, combined with the fact that our third patient, who was previously described as a Pitt-Rogers-Danks patient, but who now more closely resembles a Wolf-Hirschhorn patient, makes it likely that Pitt-Rogers-Danks and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndromes are different clinical phenotypes resulting from a deletion in the same microscopic region on chromosome 4p16.
Characterization of a human papillomavirus from epidermodysplasia verruciformis lesions of a patient from upper‐volta (1981)

Abstract A case of epidermodysplasia verruciformis in a patient from Upper‐Volta is described. Slightly elevated, flat warts were observed on hands, feet, arms and legs, and pityriasis versicolor‐like lesions were found mainly on the trunk. The patient showed no malignant tumors. Histological examination revealed hyperkeratosis, granulosis and moderate acanthosis with large, foamy, basophilic keratinocytes in stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum. Papillomavirus particles could be prepared from these lesions and were differentiated from known papillomavirus types by immune electron microscopy with monospecific antisera and by DNA‐DNA hybridization. The viral DNA was characterized by cleavage with several restriction endonucleases and a physical map of the resulting fragments was established. The virus is designated as HPV 8. Preliminary seroepidemiologic studies with human sera indicate a rather wide distribution of HPV 8. Blot hybridization of DNA from human carcinomas with 32 P‐labelled virus DNA detected no HPV 8‐specific sequences.
Expression of metalloproteinases and metalloproteinase inhibitors by fetal astrocytes and glioma cells. (1990)

Metalloproteinases have been implicated as important factors mediating the tissue migration of a variety of normal and transformed cells. The conditioned medium (CM) of fetal human astrocytes and five glioma cell lines did not degrade azocoll in suspension, but several proteolytic activities, inhibitable by 1,10-phenanthroline, were detected on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels containing gelatin. Both cell types secreted three major proteolytic species (Mr 65,000, 57,000, and 52,000). Two of the glioma lines secreted an additional proteinase (Mr 92,000). After treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, the secretion of the Mr 92,000, 57,000, and 52,000 proteinases was induced or enhanced in all of the cells. The Mr 92,000 and 65,000 proteinases bound specifically to a gelatin affinity column. When purified by preparative gel electrophoresis, the Mr 65,000 proteinase was found to degrade type IV procollagen. The Mr 57,000 and 52,000 species were precipitated by anticollagenase IgG. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases was detected in the CM of all of the cells by substrate gel analysis and immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins with anti-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases IgG. The glioma lines also secreted various amounts of two smaller inhibitors of metalloproteinases (IMPs), also seen in rabbit brain capillary endothelial cell CM (IMP-1 at Mr 22,000 and IMP-2 at Mr 19,000), and an inhibitor not previously identified (IMP-3 at Mr 16,500). 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate stimulated the secretion of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in all of the cells and induced IMPs in some of the glioma lines. When gel filtration chromatography of concentrated CM was used to resolve inhibitors from proteinases, the isolated proteinases had activity against azocoll and the glycoprotein and collagen components of an in vitro model of the extracellular matrix. The secretion of a battery of metalloproteinases by astrocytes may be important in facilitating astrocytic migration during development and in pathological conditions such as inflammation or local invasion of astrocytic neoplasms.
A Novel Multi-Hop ARQ Concept (2005)

Wireless multi-hop communication has recently gained a lot of interest in the research community as an approach to provide improved coverage compared to single-hop wireless networks. While most studies focus on routing protocols, ARQ mechanisms for multi-hop wireless links have found little attention so far. In this paper, we propose a novel link layer concept for reliable and efficient transmission in multi-hop environments that we name RelayARQ. The distinguishing feature of RelayARQ is that it establishes a single connection in which a common protocol state is shared between the end nodes and all relay nodes. The protocol state maintained in relay nodes is a soft-state, which allows relay nodes to seamlessly "leave and join" without breaking the RelayARQ connection. The key idea behind RelayARQ is the concept of relay-acknowledgements (RACKs). A relay node sends a RACK towards its sending peer to indicate that it has correctly received a data unit. On receiving a RACK, the sending peer temporarily delegates the retransmission responsibility to the relay node. The ultimate responsibility, however, remains with the sender node until the receiver node acknowledges the successful delivery of the data unit. Based on these features RelayARQ provides reliability between the end nodes as well as high performance and resource efficiency.
Differential distribution of ryanodine receptor type 3 (RyR3) gene product in mammalian skeletal muscles (1996)

Activation of intracellular Ca(2+)-release channels/ryanodine receptors (RyRs) is a fundamental step in the regulation of muscle contraction. In mammalian skeletal muscle, Ca(2+)-release channels containing the type 1 isoform of RyR (RyR1) open to release Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) upon stimulation by the voltage-activated dihydropyridine receptor on the T-tubule/plasma membrane. In addition to RyR1, low levels of the mRNA of the RyR3 isoform have been recently detected in mammalian skeletal muscles. Here we report data on the distribution of the RyR3 gene product in mammalian skeletal muscles. Western-blot analysis of SR of individual muscles indicated that, at variance with the even distribution of the RyR1 isoform, the RyR3 content varies among different muscles, with relatively higher amounts being detected in diaphragm and soleus, and lower levels in abdominal muscles and tibialis anterior. In these muscles RyR3 was localized in the terminal cisternae of the SR. No detectable levels of RyR3 were observed in the extensor digitorum longus. Preferential high content of RyR3 in the diaphragm muscle was observed in several mammalian species. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that RyR3 transcripts are not restricted to a specific subset of skeletal-muscle fibres. Differential utilization of the RyR3 isoform in skeletal muscle may be relevant to the modulation of Ca2+ release with respect to specific muscle-contraction properties.
Prolog to adaptive multicarrier modulation: a convenient framework for time-frequency processing in wireless communications (2000)

A historical perspective of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is given with reference to its literature. Its advantages and disadvantages are reviewed, and its performance is characterized over highly dispersive channels. The effects of both time- and frequency-domain synchronization errors are quantified, and a range of solutions proposed in the recent literature are reviewed. One of the main objectives of this review is to highlight the recent thinking behind adaptive bit allocation and turbo coding in the context of OFDM. This paper concludes with a wide-ranging throughput comparison of the schemes discussed herein under the unified constraint of a fixed target bit error rate of 10/sup -4/.
Potential Effects of Alendronate on Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels and Effective Control of Hypercalciuria in an Adult with Jansen's Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia (2012)

The long-term follow-up of our JMC patient has provided insight on therapeutic strategies to control hypercalciuria, on the potential effects of alendronate on FGF23 levels, and on the lack of detectable cardiovascular disease at young adulthood after prolonged exposure to hypercalcemia.
DNA2 and EXO1 in replication-coupled, homology-directed repair and in the interplay between HDR and the FA/BRCA network (2012)

During DNA replication, stalled replication forks and DSBs arise when the replication fork encounters ICLs (interstrand crosslinks), covalent protein/DNA intermediates or other discontinuities in the template. Recently, homologous recombination proteins have been shown to function in replication-coupled repair of ICLs in conjunction with the Fanconi anemia (FA) regulatory factors FANCD2-FANCI, and, conversely, the FA gene products have been shown to play roles in stalled replication fork rescue even in the absence of ICLs, suggesting a broader role for the FA network than previously appreciated. Here we show that DNA2 helicase/nuclease participates in resection during replication-coupled repair of ICLs and other replication fork stresses. DNA2 knockdowns are deficient in HDR (homology-directed repair) and the S phase checkpoint and exhibit genome instability and sensitivity to agents that cause replication stress. DNA2 is partially redundant with EXO1 in these roles. DNA2 interacts with FANCD2, and cisplatin induces FANCD2 ubiquitylation even in the absence of DNA2. DNA2 and EXO1 deficiency leads to ICL sensitivity but does not increase ICL sensitivity in the absence of FANCD2. This is the first demonstration of the redundancy of human resection nucleases in the HDR step in replication-coupled repair, and suggests that DNA2 may represent a new mediator of the interplay between HDR and the FA/BRCA pathway.
Proanthocyanidins inhibit hydrolysis of leaf proteins by rumen microflora in vitro (1994)

Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins; PA) purified from the leaves of forage legumes Trifolium arvense, Lotus pedunculatus, Lotus corniculatus, Dorycnium rectum, Coronilla varia, Onobrychis viciifolia, or Hedysarum coronarium, were added to soluble lucerne (Medicago sativa) leaf protein and incubated with strained rumen fluid in vitro. Fractions were collected and frozen immediately. Denatured proteins were fractionated by sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), stained, and relative levels were quantified by densitometry. In the absence of PA the large subunit (LSU) of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39) was susceptible to proteolysis by rumen microflora but the small subunit (SSU) resisted breakdown. PA purified from Onobrychis was added to soluble leaf protein, at PA: protein ratios between 1:1 and 1:20. The rate of proteolysis of LSU was significantly reduced at PA: protein ratios of 1:2 and 1:1 (P < 0.001) and the rate of digestion was reduced by between 3- and 21-fold. In separate experiments PA isolated from the range of species described was added to rumen fluid to give PA: protein ratios of 1:5. The addition of PA significantly reduced the rate of proteolysis of LSU, when compared with PA-free control. There were only small differences between PA from different species. The inhibitory effect of PA may have been due to PA binding to the dietary protein or to the rumen proteases, interfering with the action of proteases on susceptible sites within the substrate.
Facile Synthesis of Dibenzo-7λ3-phosphanorbornadiene Derivatives Using Magnesium Anthracene (2012)

Unprotected dibenzo-7λ(3)-phosphanorbornadiene derivatives RPA (A = C(14)H(10) or anthracene; R = (t)Bu, dbabh = NA, HMDS = (Me(3)Si)(2)N, (i)Pr(2)N) are synthesized by treatment of the corresponding phosphorus dichloride RPCl(2) with MgA·3THF, in cold THF (~20% to 30% isolated yields). Anthracene and the corresponding cyclic phosphane (RP)(n) form as coproducts. Characteristic NMR features of the RPA derivatives include a doublet near 4 ppm in their (1)H NMR spectra and a triplet peak in the 175-212 ppm region of the (31)P NMR spectrum ((2)J(PH) ~14 Hz). The X-ray structures of the AN-PA and (HMDS)PA derivatives are discussed. Thermolysis of RPA benzene-d(6) solutions leads to anthracene extrusion. This process has a unimolecular kinetic profile for the (i)Pr(2)NPA derivative. The 7-phosphanorbornene anti-(i)Pr(2)NP(C(6)H(8)) could be synthesized (70% isolated yield) by thermolysis of (i)Pr(2)NPA in 1,3-cyclohexadiene.
Direct Observation of Nanoparticle Superlattice Formation by Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy (2012)

Direct imaging of nanoparticle solutions by liquid phase transmission electron microscopy has enabled unique in situ studies of nanoparticle motion and growth. In the present work, we report on real-time formation of two-dimensional nanoparticle arrays in the very low diffusive limit, where nanoparticles are mainly driven by capillary forces and solvent fluctuations. We find that superlattice formation appears to be segregated into multiple regimes. Initially, the solvent front drags the nanoparticles, condensing them into an amorphous agglomerate. Subsequently, the nanoparticle crystallization into an array is driven by local fluctuations. Following the crystallization event, superlattice growth can also occur via the addition of individual nanoparticles drawn from outlying regions by different solvent fronts. The dragging mechanism is consistent with simulations based on a coarse-grained lattice gas model at the same limit.
Demonstration of universal parametric entangling gates on a multi-qubit lattice (2018)

We show that parametric coupling techniques can be used to generate selective entangling interactions for multi-qubit processors. By inducing coherent population exchange between adjacent qubits under frequency modulation, we implement a universal gate set for a linear array of four superconducting qubits. An average process fidelity of ℱ = 93% is estimated for three two-qubit gates via quantum process tomography. We establish the suitability of these techniques for computation by preparing a four-qubit maximally entangled state and comparing the estimated state fidelity with the expected performance of the individual entangling gates. In addition, we prepare an eight-qubit register in all possible bitstring permutations and monitor the fidelity of a two-qubit gate across one pair of these qubits. Across all these permutations, an average fidelity of ℱ = 91.6 ± 2.6% is observed. These results thus offer a path to a scalable architecture with high selectivity and low cross-talk.
Antiproliferative Constituents from Umbelliferae Plants. IX. New Triterpenoid Glycosides from the Fruits of Bupleurum rotundifolium (2006)

The MeOH extract of the fruits of Bupleurum rotundifolium showed inhibitory activity against human gastric adenocarcinoma (MK-1) cell growth. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract led to the isolation of four new triglycosides of 13beta,28-epoxy oleanane-type triterpenes, named rotundiosides O, Q, S and T; 12 new glycosides of oleanane-type triterpenes, named rotundiosides J-N, P, R, U-Y, and others; echinocystic acid 3-O-sulfate; and three known oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, rotundiosides A, F and G. The structures of the new isolates were determined based on chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The GI(50) of isolates against MK-1, HeLa and B16F10 cell lines are reported.
Identification and control of dynamical systems using neural networks (1990)

It is demonstrated that neural networks can be used effectively for the identification and control of nonlinear dynamical systems. The emphasis is on models for both identification and control. Static and dynamic backpropagation methods for the adjustment of parameters are discussed. In the models that are introduced, multilayer and recurrent networks are interconnected in novel configurations, and hence there is a real need to study them in a unified fashion. Simulation results reveal that the identification and adaptive control schemes suggested are practically feasible. Basic concepts and definitions are introduced throughout, and theoretical questions that have to be addressed are also described.
Stimulation of growth of a colon cancer cell line by gastrin (1986)

The trophic effects of the hormone gastrin-17 were examined on a human colon cancer cell line. LoVo cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection and grown in minimal essential medium in the presence of 10% bovine fetal serum. To demonstrate the trophic effect of gastrin, synchronization was necessary. The effect of gastrin was optimal after 26-h exposure to 0.6 mM thymidine. In the presence of serum the optimal dose of gastrin for stimulation of DNA synthesis was 7.2 X 10(-10) M. Under these conditions gastrin caused a 220% increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation. In the absence of serum the optimal dose of gastrin (3.6 X 10(-9) M) increased DNA synthesis approximately 200%. Twenty-four hours after gastrin treatment (1.8 X 10(-10) M gastrin 17) cell numbers increased 50.8% compared with control. At 48 h this increase was maintained at 44%. Maximum stimulation by gastrin occurred 7-8 h after release from synchronization and exposure to gastrin. This corresponded to the S phase of the cell cycle. Significant stimulation occurred a second time at 22-24 h, presumably during the second S phase in a still synchronous or partially synchronous cell population. These data demonstrate that physiological concentrations of gastrin-17 can stimulate the growth of a human cancer cell line and that some degree of synchronization may be necessary to demonstrate similar effects in other cell lines. Such cell lines may provide a source of rapidly growing cells in which the mechanisms of the trophic effect of gastrin can be examined.