gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Pattern Recoginition Coding System of a Handwriting Character with 3D (2013)

본 논문에서는 그래프 패턴 인식을 신속히 처리하기 위한 새로운 자성 센서의 개발과 인식 시스템을 제안하고자 하였다. 그래픽을 입력받아 세션화와 균형화를 수행하는데 있어서 특징점의 사전 처리를 선결 수행함으로써 인식 속도를 증강하고 선처리된 특징점을 이용하여 끝점, 굴곡점, 분기점의 특징점을 별도로 추출하지 않는 방법으로 조사하여 모음이나 자음의 부분패턴의 그래프 사전을 비교하는 간단한 구조해석과 인식을 도모하였다. 본 논문의 성능 비교를 위하여 사용자의 필기체를 사전에 등록 인식하고 입력 필기체를 비교 인식하여 Unicode로 변환시켜 비교한 결과 70%의 초기 인식률에서 누적 인공학습 지능 처리 결과 95%의 이상의 인식률을 보여주고 있다. This Paper proposed the development of new magnetic sensor and recognition system to expendite pattern recognition of a handwriting character. Received character graphics should be performed the session and balancing and no extraction of end points, bend points and juntions separately. The Artifical intelligence algorithm is adapted to structure snalysis and recognition process by individual basic letter dictionary except for the handwriing character graphic dictionaryimproving error of recognition algorithm and enomous dictionary for generalization. In this Paper, recognition rate of the received character are compared with pre registered character at letter dictionary for performance test of magnetic ball sensor. As a result of unicode conversion and eomparison, the artificial intelligence study have recognition rate more than 95% at initial recognition rate of 70%.
Construction of human Y-chromosomal haplotypes using a new polymorphic A to G transition (1994)

We report the discovery of a polymorphic A to G transition found on the human Y chromosome by sequencing Y-specific sequence-tagged sites (STSs). It shows maximal linkage disequilibrium with a previously described Alu insertional polymorphism. We analyze further an apparently African Y chromosome which seems to have entered a Mexican Mayan population several generations ago. Using the newly discovered transition and the Y-speclfic polymorphic Alu insertion, we discuss how the chromosome's haplotype information might be used to answer questions of houman origins and migrations.
The Protection of Computer Software: Its Technology and Application (1992)

Review of methods, D.J.Grover disk protection, R.Sather physical protection devices, J.G.W.Phipps cryptography, D.W.Davies intelligent modules, G.I.Parkin and B.W.Wichmann program identification, D.J.Grover hacking, M.Samociuk copyright and patents, R.J.Hart licensing issues, J.R.Cartwright user opinion of software protection in the UK, S.M.Elsom.
The CXCL10/CXCR3 Axis Mediates Human Lung Mast Cell Migration to Asthmatic Airway Smooth Muscle (2005)

Mast cell microlocalization within the airway smooth muscle bundle is an important determinant of the asthmatic phenotype. We hypothesized that mast cells migrate toward airway smooth muscle in response to smooth muscle-derived chemokines. In this study, we investigated (1) chemokine receptor expression by mast cells in the airway smooth muscle bundle in bronchial biopsies from subjects with asthma using immunohistology, (2) the concentration of chemokines in supernatants from stimulated ex vivo airway smooth muscle cells from subjects with and without asthma measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and (3) mast cell migration toward these supernatants using chemotaxis assays. We found that CXCR3 was the most abundantly expressed chemokine receptor on human lung mast cells in the airway smooth muscle in asthma and was expressed by 100% of these mast cells compared with 47% of mast cells in the submucosa. Human lung mast cell migration was induced by airway smooth muscle cultures predominantly through activation of CXCR3. Most importantly, CXCL10 was expressed preferentially by asthmatic airway smooth muscle in bronchial biopsies and ex vivo cells compared with those from healthy control subjects. These results suggest that inhibition of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis offers a novel target for the treatment of asthma.
Analyzing and tuning memory performance in sequential and parallel programs (1994)

Recent architecture and technology trends have led to a significant gap between processor and main memory speeds. Responding to this gap, architects have introduced cache memories that are placed between processors and memories to mask high latencies. If cache misses are common, however, memory stalls can still significantly degrade execution time. To help identify and fix such memory bottlenecks, this work presents techniques to efficiently collect detailed information about program memory performance and effectively organize the data collected. These techniques help guide programmers or compilers to memory bottlenecks. They apply to both sequential and parallel applications and are embodied in the MemSpy performance monitoring system.
Experiences performance tuning several programs have driven this research, leading to the following conclusions. First, this thesis contends that the natural interrelationship between program memory bottlenecks and program data structures mandates the use of data oriented statistics, a novel approach that associates program performance information with application data structures. Data oriented statistics, viewed alone or paired with traditional code oriented statistics, offer a powerful, new dimension for performance analysis. The dissertation develops techniques for aggregating statistics on similarly-used data structures and for extracting intuitive source-code names for statistics.
Second, this thesis also argues that detailed statistics on the frequency and causes of cache misses are crucial in understanding memory bottlenecks. Common memory performance bugs are most easily distinguished by noting the causes of their resulting cache misses. Offering such information, MemSpy's performance profiles have been invaluable in analyzing memory bottlenecks in several applications.
Third, since collecting such detailed information seems, at first glance, to require large execution time slowdowns, this dissertation also evaluates techniques to improve the performance of MemSpy's simulation-based monitoring. The first optimization, hit bypassing, improves simulation performance by specializing processing of cache hits. The second optimization, reference trace sampling, improves performance by simulating only sampled portions out of the full reference trace. Together, these optimizations reduce simulation time by nearly an order of magnitude. Overall, having used MemSpy to tune several applications, these experiences demonstrate that MemSpy generates effective memory performance profiles, at speeds competitive with previous, less detailed approaches.
Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2b Treatment for Patients With Solid Tumors: A Phase I/II Study (2002)

Pegylated IFNalpha-2b was active and well tolerated in patients with metastatic solid tumors, including RCC, at doses up to 6.0 micro g/kg/wk.
RNA Hydration:  A Detailed Look, (1996)

The crystal structure of the RNA duplex [r(CCCCGGGG)]2 has been refined to 1.46 A resolution with room temperature synchrotron diffraction data. This represents the highest resolution reported to date for an all-RNA oligonucleotide and is well beyond the best resolution ever achieved with an A-form DNA duplex. The analysis of the ordered hydration around the octamer duplex reveals conserved regular arrangements of water molecules in both grooves. In the major groove, all located first shell water molecules can be fitted into a pattern that is repeated through all eight base pairs, involves half the phosphate oxygens, and joins the two strands. In the minor groove, roughly across its narrowest dimension, tandem water molecules link the 2'-hydroxyl groups of adjacent nucleotides in base-pair steps in a similarly regular fashion. The structure provides evidence for an important role of the 2'-hydroxyl groups in the thermodynamic stabilization of RNA, beyond their known functions of locking the sugar pucker and mediating 3' --> 5' intrastrand O2'...O4' hydrogen bonds. The ribose 2'-hydroxyls lay the foundation for the enthalpic stability of the RNA relative to the DNA duplex, both as a scaffold for the water network in the minor groove and through their extensive individual hydration.
Altitude illness is related to low hypoxic chemoresponse and low oxygenation during sleep (2012)

Altitude illness remains a major cause of mortality. Reduced chemosensitivity, irregular breathing leading to central apnoeas/hypopnoeas, and exaggerated pulmonary vasoconstriction may compromise oxygenation. All factors could enhance susceptibility to acute mountain sickness (AMS). We compared 12 AMS-susceptible individuals with recurrent and severe symptoms (AMS+) with 12 "AMS-nonsusceptible" subjects (AMS-), assessing sleep-breathing disorders in simulated altitude as well as chemoresponsive and pulmonary vasoconstrictive responses to hypoxia. During exposure to simulated altitude, mean blood oxygen saturation during sleep was lower in AMS+ subjects (81.6 ± 2.6 versus 86.0 ± 2.4%, p<0.01), associated with a lower central apnoea/hypopnoea index (18.2 ± 18.1 versus 33.4 ± 24.8 events · h(-1) in AMS+ and AMS- subjects, respectively; p=0.038). A lower hypoxic (isocapnic) chemoresponsiveness was observed in AMS+ subjects (0.40 ± 0.49 versus 0.97 ± 0.46 L · min(-1)·%; p<0.001). This represented the only significant and independent predictive factor for altitude intolerance, despite a higher increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure in response to hypoxia, a lower lung diffusing capacity and a higher endothelin-1 level at baseline in AMS+ subjects (p<0.05). AMS+ subjects were more hypoxaemic whilst exhibiting fewer respiratory events during sleep owing to lower hypoxic (isocapnic) chemoresponsiveness. In conclusion, the reduction in peripheral hypoxic chemosensitivity appears to be a major causative factor for altitude intolerance.
Potent inhibition of thrombin with a monoclonal antibody against tissue factor (Sunol-cH36): results of the PROXIMATE-TIMI 27 trial (2005)

Sunol-cH36 exhibited dose-dependent anticoagulant effects. We postulate that the mucosal bleeding observed with this potent inhibitor of thrombin generation may reflect antiplatelet effects resulting from networking between the coagulation cascade and platelet pathways that could prove clinically relevant with this novel class of anticoagulants.
Accelerating distributed reinforcement learning with in-switch computing (2019)

Reinforcement learning (RL) has attracted much attention recently, as new and emerging AI-based applications are demanding the capabilities to intelligently react to environment changes. Unlike distributed deep neural network (DNN) training, the distributed RL training has its unique workload characteristics - it generates orders of magnitude more iterations with much smaller sized but more frequent gradient aggregations. More specifically, our study with typical RL algorithms shows that their distributed training is latency critical and that the network communication for gradient aggregation occupies up to 83.2% of the execution time of each training iteration.
Large-band-gap SiC, III-V nitride, and II-VI ZnSe-based semiconductor device technologies (1994)

In the past several years, research in each of the wide-band-gap semiconductors, SiC, GaN, and ZnSe, has led to major advances which now make them viable for device applications. The merits of each contender for high-temperature electronics and short-wavelength optical applications are compared. The outstanding thermal and chemical stability of SiC and GaN should enable them to operate at high temperatures and in hostile environments, and also make them attractive for high-power operation. The present advanced stage of development of SiC substrates and metal-oxide-semiconductor technology makes SiC the leading contender for high-temperature and high-power applications if ohmic contacts and interface-state densities can be further improved. GaN, despite fundamentally superior electronic properties and better ohmic contact resistances, must overcome the lack of an ideal substrate material and a relatively advanced SiC infrastructure in order to compete in electronics applications. Prototype transistors have been fabricated from both SiC and GaN, and the microwave characteristics and high-temperature performance of SiC transistors have been studied. For optical emitters and detectors, ZnSe, SiC, and GaN all have demonstrated operation in the green, blue, or ultraviolet (UV) spectra. Blue SiC light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been on the market for several years, joined recently by UV and blue GaN-based LEDs. These products should find wide use in full color display and other technologies. Promising prototype UV photodetectors have been fabricated from both SiC and GaN. In laser development, ZnSe leads the way with more sophisticated designs having further improved performance being rapidly demonstrated. If the low damage threshold of ZnSe continues to limit practical laser applications, GaN appears poised to become the semiconductor of choice for short-wavelength lasers in optical memory and other applications. For further development of these materials to be realized, doping densities (especially p type) and ohmic contact technologies have to be improved. Economies of scale need to be realized through the development of larger SiC substrates. Improved substrate materials, ideally GaN itself, need to be aggressively pursued to further develop the GaN-based material system and enable the fabrication of lasers. ZnSe material quality is already outstanding and now researchers must focus their attention on addressing the short lifetimes of ZnSe-based lasers to determine whether the material is sufficiently durable for practical laser applications. The problems related to these three wide-band-gap semiconductor systems have moved away from materials science toward the device arena, where their technological development can rapidly be brought to maturity.
A phosphotyrosine-containing quenched fluorogenic peptide as a novel substrate for protein tyrosine phosphatases (1999)

Mca-Gly-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr(PO $ H # )-Ala-Ala-Lys(DNP)-Arg-NH # , where Mca is (7-methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl and DNP is 2,4-dinitrophenyl, was synthesized as a fluorogenic substrate for protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs).In the peptide, the fluorescent Mca group is quenched efficiently by the DNP group.Although the fluorescence intensity of the substrate was practically unchanged upon PTP-catalysed dephosphorylation, it increased approx.120-fold upon subsequent treatment with chymotrypsin.Analysis by HPLC showed that chymotrypsin cleaved only the dephosphorylated substrate at the Tyr-Ala bond.Thus with the aid of chymotrypsin, dephosphorylation of the substrate can be measured fluorometrically.A strictly linear correlation was observed between PTP concentration and dephosphorylation rate.The fluorogenic substrate was dephosphorylated by some PTPs much more rapidly than the corresponding $#P-labelled substrate used for comparison, whereas
A panel of kallikrein markers can reduce unnecessary biopsy for prostate cancer: data from the European Randomized Study of Prostate Cancer Screening in Göteborg, Sweden (2008)

Multiple kallikrein forms measured in blood can predict the result of biopsy in previously unscreened men with elevated PSA. A multivariable model can determine which men should be advised to undergo biopsy and which might be advised to continue screening, but defer biopsy until there was stronger evidence of malignancy.
Thermal monitoring mechanisms for chip multiprocessors (2008)

With large-scale integration and increasing power densities, thermal management has become an important tool to maintain performance and reliability in modern process technologies. In the core of dynamic thermal management schemes lies accurate reading of on-die temperatures. Therefore, careful planning and embedding of thermal monitoring mechanisms into high-performance systems becomes crucial. In this paper, we propose three techniques to create sensor infrastructures for monitoring the maximum temperature on a multicore system. Initially, we extend a nonuniform sensor placement methodology proposed in the literature to handle chip multiprocessors (CMPs) and show its limitations. We then analyze a grid-based approach where the sensors are placed on a static grid covering each core and show that the sensor readings can differ from the actual maximum core temperature by as much as 12.6°C when using 16 sensors per core. Also, as large as 10.6% of the thermal emergencies are not captured using the same number of sensors. Based on this observation, we first develop an interpolation scheme, which estimates the maximum core temperature through interpolation of the readings collected at the static grid points. We show that the interpolation scheme improves the measurement accuracy and emergency coverage compared to grid-based placement when using the same number of sensors. Second, we present a dynamic scheme where only a subset of the sensor readings is collected to predict the maximum temperature of each core. Our results indicate that, we can reduce the number of active sensors by as much as 50%, while maintaining similar measurement accuracy and emergency coverage compared to the case where the entire sensor set on the grid is sampled at all times.
Augmented sympathetic vasoconstriction in exercising forearms of postmenopausal women is reversed by oestrogen therapy (2004)

Sympathetic vasoconstriction is normally attenuated in exercising muscles of young men and women. Recent evidence indicates that such modulation, termed functional sympatholysis, may be impaired in older men. Whether a similar impairment occurs in older women, and what role oestrogen deficiency might play in this impairment, are not known. Based on the strong positive correlation between circulating oestrogen levels and functional sympatholysis previously reported in female rats, we hypothesized that sympatholysis would be impaired in oestrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, and that this impairment would be reversed by oestrogen replacement. To test these hypotheses, we measured vasoconstrictor responses in the forearms of pre- and postmenopausal women using near infrared spectroscopy to detect decreases in muscle oxygenation in response to reflex activation of sympathetic nerves evoked by lower body negative pressure (LBNP). In eight premenopausal women, LBNP decreased muscle oxygenation by 20 +/- 1% in resting forearm, but only by 3 +/- 2% in exercising forearm (P < 0.05). In contrast, in eight postmenopausal women, LBNP decreased muscle oxygenation by 15 +/- 3% in resting forearm, and by 12 +/- 4% in exercising forearm (P > 0.05). After 1 month of transdermal oestradiol replacement in these women, the normal effect of exercise to blunt sympathetic vasoconstriction was restored (rest, -19 +/- 3%; exercise, -2 +/- 3%; P < 0.05). These data indicate that functional sympatholysis is impaired in oestrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. The effect of short-term unopposed oestrogen replacement to correct this impairment implicates a role for oestrogen in the sympathetic neural control of muscle haemodynamics during exercise.
Competitive reverse transcriptase-PCR: an improved method for determination of c-erbB-2 gene expression. (1996)

The aim of our study was to establish a simple method for routine analysis of c-erbB-2 gene expression in tumour samples. We constructed a plasmid for the in vitro synthesis of competitor RNA to be used as an internal exogenous control during the RT-PCR detection of c-erbB-2 expression. The competitor RNA harbors a 19-base deletion and 63-base insertion compared to wild-type c-erbB-2 mRNA and generates a PCR product which is easily distinguished from the wild-type PCR product by agarose gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity and reliability of our RT-PCR-system was determined. To address this, we measured c-erbB-2 expression in cultured cells, of which c-erbB-2 expression data were available from Northern blot analysis. In conclusion, our experimental strategy correlated well with the results obtained by Northern blot hybridization, however, it overcomes time consuming and expensive procedures used in classical gene expression analysis.
Thinking Style Changes Among Deaf, Hard-of-Hearing, and Hearing Students (2014)

This study explores how university students' thinking styles changed over a single academic year by twice administering the Thinking Styles Inventory-Revised II to 256 deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) students and 286 hearing students from art and design academic disciplines in China. Results showed that after having studied at the university for one academic year, hearing students showed increased use of Type I thinking styles (more creativity generated, less structured, and more complex) and less use of Type II thinking styles (more norm favoring, more structured, and more simplistic), whereas DHH students demonstrated increased use of both Type I and Type II thinking styles. Moreover, students' changes in thinking styles differed across university class levels. The contributions, limitations, and implications of the present research are discussed.
Localizing and segmenting text in images and videos (2002)

Many images, especially those used for page design on Web pages, as well as videos contain visible text. If these text occurrences could be detected, segmented, and recognized automatically, they would be a valuable source of high-level semantics for indexing and retrieval. We propose a novel method for localizing and segmenting text in complex images and videos. Text lines are identified by using a complex-valued multilayer feed-forward network trained to detect text at a fixed scale and position. The network's output at all scales and positions is integrated into a single text-saliency map, serving as a starting point for candidate text lines. In the case of video, these candidate text lines are refined by exploiting the temporal redundancy of text in video. Localized text lines are then scaled to a fixed height of 100 pixels and segmented into a binary image with black characters on white background. For videos, temporal redundancy is exploited to improve segmentation performance. Input images and videos can be of any size due to a true multiresolution approach. Moreover, the system is not only able to locate and segment text occurrences into large binary images, but is also able to track each text line with sub-pixel accuracy over the entire occurrence in a video, so that one text bitmap is created for all instances of that text line. Therefore, our text segmentation results can also be used for object-based video encoding such as that enabled by MPEG-4.
Thiamin odor and bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiamin odor and bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfideRon G. Buttery, William F. Haddon, Richard M. Seifert, and Jean G. TurnbaughCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1984, 32, 3, 674–676Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00123a061RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (408 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts