gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The leader sequence of theEscherichia coli lysCgene is involved in the regulation of LysC synthesis (1998)

In Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, long leader sequences are found upstream of the lysC coding sequences which encode lysine-sensitive aspartokinase. Highly conserved regions exist between these sequences. Mutations leading to constitutive expression of the E. coli lysC gene have been localised within these conserved regions, indicating that they participate in the lysine-mediated repression mechanism of lysC expression.
High-speed optical sampling measurement of electrical wave form using a scanning tunneling microscope (1993)

The optical sampling measurement of a high-speed electrical wave form using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is demonstrated. An optical pulse train from a laser diode (LD) is used to turn on and off a photoconductive switch on a STM probe to measure a signal from a Schottky barrier diode (SBD) in a sampling procedure. A time resolution less than 300 ps has been achieved. This novel method has the potential to create a breakthrough in ultra-high-speed wave form measurement through this unique combination of optical sampling and STM technology.
Immunization with Live Types 7 and 4 Adenovirus Vaccines. II. Antibody Response and Protective Effect against Acute Respiratory Disease Due to Adenovirus Type 7 (1971)

Journal Article Immunization with Live Types 7 and 4 Adenovirus Vaccines. II. Antibody Response and Protective Effect against Acute Respiratory Disease Due to Adenovirus Type 7 Get access Franklin H. Top, Jr., Franklin H. Top, Jr. From the Department of Virus Diseases, Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward L. Buescher, Edward L. Buescher From the Department of Virus Diseases, Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William H. Bancroft, William H. Bancroft From the Department of Virus Diseases, Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Philip K. Russell Philip K. Russell From the Department of Virus Diseases, Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 124, Issue 2, August 1971, Pages 155–160, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/124.2.155 Published: 01 August 1971 Article history Received: 25 September 1970 Revision received: 09 December 1970 Published: 01 August 1971
Piezoelectric strain in lead zirconate titante ceramics as a function of electric field, frequency, and dc bias (2003)

We have investigated the electromechanical response of piezoelectric ceramics as a function of the amplitude and frequency of large electric fields and studied the effects of dc bias fields. In order to characterize the materials under these conditions, a ZMI 2000 laser interferometer system from Zygo Corp. has been installed and modified to directly measure the strains of ferroelectric ceramics. This system uses a heterodyne detection technique and has the advantages of phase detection, wide bandwidth, high stability, and easy optical alignment. Our experiment has been used to determine the strain of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics as a function of electric fields and as a function of frequency in the low frequency range. From these measurements the piezoelectric coefficients d33, d31, and d15 have been determined as a function of applied field and frequency. In addition the dependence of the piezoelectric coefficients under an applied dc bias field has been studied under quasistatic and under resonance conditions. Some of our measurements have provided evidence of the time dependence of the piezoelectric response. Results on a range of soft and hard PZT ceramics manufactured by EDO Corp. are presented. These results are discussed within the context of extrinsic contributions to the piezoelectric response.
Characterization of Two Human Genes Encoding Acyl Coenzyme A:Cholesterol Acyltransferase-related Enzymes (1998)

The enzyme acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) mediates sterol esterification, a crucial component of intracellular lipid homeostasis. Two enzymes catalyze this activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), and several lines of evidence suggest multigene families may also exist in mammals. Using the human ACAT1 sequence to screen data bases of expressed sequence tags, we identified two novel and distinct partial human cDNAs. Full-length cDNA clones for these ACAT related gene products (ARGP) 1 and 2 were isolated from a hepatocyte (HepG2) cDNA library. ARGP1 was expressed in numerous human adult tissues and tissue culture cell lines, whereas expression of ARGP2 was more restricted. In vitro microsomal assays in a yeast strain deleted for both esterification genes and completely deficient in sterol esterification indicated that ARGP2 esterified cholesterol while ARGP1 did not. In contrast to ACAT1 and similar to liver esterification, the activity of ARGP2 was relatively resistant to a histidine active site modifier. ARGP2 is therefore a tissue-specific sterol esterification enzyme which we thus designated ACAT2. We speculate that ARGP1 participates in the coenzyme A-dependent acylation of substrate(s) other than cholesterol. Consistent with this hypothesis, ARGP1, unlike any other member of this multigene family, possesses a predicted diacylglycerol binding motif suggesting that it may perform the last acylation in triglyceride biosynthesis.
Physiotherapy after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review of the literature (2008)

Although some recommendations for the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions could be expressed, there are many questions concerning the treatment of humans with TBI which have not been investigated so far. Especially on the level of activity and participation only a few studies exist.
Effect of particle size of metastable calcium phosphates on mechanical strength of a novel self‐setting bioactive calcium phosphate cement (1995)

Resistance to compressive strength after setting of the calcium phosphate cement consisting of tetracalcium phosphate (TECP), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), and 40 wt/wt% of a synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) was tested. An equimolar mixture of the calcium phosphate powder containing DCPD (particle diameter [D] 0.52-3.33 microns) and TECP (D, 1.1-13.1 microns) transformed into HAP at 37 degrees C, 100% RH after being mixed with 25 mM phosphoric acid. X-ray diffraction suggested that the cement containing fine particles of DCPD and TECP completely transformed to HAP, but that mixtures containing larger particles did not. Because particle size of both DCPD and TECP affected the compressive strength of the cement, the crystal growth of HAP during cement formation depended on the specific surface area (Sw) of the raw materials. The crystallite size of transformed HAP was estimated based on X-ray diffraction peaks at 25.8 and 32.8 degrees attributable to the 002 and 300 planes. The crystalline size attributable to the 300 plane decreased with increasing Sw, but that attributable to the 002 plane showed no significant relationship. The compressive strength of the cement after hardening increased with an increase of its Sw. This suggested that the harder calcium phosphate cement was (derived) from the smaller particle size of the raw materials.
蒙古早期对西伯利亚与突厥斯坦的扩张(1207年—1219年):重现历史 (1997)

12世纪末13世纪初，蒙古草原地区经历了一次旷日持久的争夺权力的斗争。这场斗争是在重新组合的各个部落①及其迅速建立在这些部落基础上的联盟之间展开的。而克烈部的脱里、乃蛮部的太阳罕以及乞颜部贵族铁木真则高高踞于这些部落联盟之上。他们无一不是迫不急待地扩大现有的势力，奖赏日益增多的大批那可儿，并且尽其所能地使自己及其家族在草原上获得独一无二的统治地位。1204年，这种斗争的最后胜利者铁木真打败了太阳罕为进攻他而建立起来的联盟。在随后两年多的时间里，铁木真的其他对手不是被消灭，便是被迫逃出蒙古。他们将蒙古草原让给一位至高无上的君主和帝国的创建者。就蒙古及其周围的各种社会与文化来说，铁木真的胜利是极其
Efficient Synthesis of a β-Peptide Combinatorial Library with Microwave Irradiation (2005)

The predictable relationship between beta-amino acid sequence and folding has inspired several biological applications of beta-peptides. For many such applications, it would be desirable to prepare and screen beta-peptide libraries. However, standard peptide synthesis protocols are not efficient enough to support a library approach for many types of beta-peptides. We recently optimized the solid-phase synthesis of beta-peptides using microwave irradiation, and we have now adapted this approach to synthesis on polystyrene macrobeads. We rapidly prepared a high-quality beta-peptide combinatorial library via a split-and-mix strategy. This library was screened in search of beta-peptide antagonists of the p53-MDM2 protein-protein interaction.
Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in patients with cerebrovascular ischemic disease (1984)

We studied 137 patients who were treated with heparin for cerebral infarction (73), partially reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (22), or transient ischemic attack (42). Platelet counts were performed before therapy, twice weekly, and at cessation of therapy. Platelets decreased in 118 patients (86%). In 21 (15.3%), platelets dropped greater than or equal to 40%; 9 of 14 new ischemic events and three of six deaths occurred in this group of patients. Because there was a significant association between poor outcome and platelet drop greater than or equal to 40% (p less than 0.001), we believe that platelets should be monitored frequently when patients are treated with heparin for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
Differentiation of hESCs into Mesodermal Subtypes: Vascular-, Hematopoietic- and Mesenchymal-lineage Cells (2011)

To date, studies on the application of mesodermally derived mesenchymal-, hematopoietic- and vascular-lineage cells for cell therapy have provided either poor or insufficient data. The results are equivocal with regard to therapeutic efficiency and yield. Since the establishment of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in 1998, the capacity of hESCs to differentiate into various mesodermal lineages has sparked considerable interest in the regenerative medicine community, a group interested in generating specialized cells to treat patients suffering from degenerative diseases. Even though hESCs are sensitive, effective methods for guiding the differentiation of hESCs into specific mesodermal cell types are still being developed. In addition, to understand the functional properties of hESC derivatives, numerous animal model studies have been performed by many research groups over the last decade. In this review, we describe and summarize the protocols currently used for differentiation of hESCs into multiple mesodermal lineages and their therapeutic efficiency in different animal models. Furthermore, we discuss the technical hurdles associated with each protocol and the safety of hESC derivatives for therapeutic applications. Technical improvement of the methods used to produce hESC derivatives for therapeutic use in patients with degenerative diseases should remain an objective of future studies, as should the development of effective and stable induction systems.
Understanding database management systems (1997)

Database software programming architecture PC databases traditional architectures relational architectures object databases, hybrid and proprietary architectures OLAP data storage management administration distributed databases design mapping and performance tuning Oracle update Informix update Red Brick architectures hardware parameters.
Cell death induced by peroxidized low-density lipoprotein: endopepsis. (1994)

Peroxidized low-density lipoprotein (p-LDL) has been previously demonstrated to be preferentially cytotoxic to certain malignant cells compared to normal cells of the same type. We present evidence that p-LDL is at least partially taken up through the LDL receptor and that it becomes localized in lysosomes. The integrity of lysosomes of p-LDL-treated cells is compromised, and leakage of their contents into the cytosol occurs. This leakage occurs early and precedes mitochondrial dysfunction. Brefeldin A inhibits this leakage, perhaps by interfering with the traffic between endosomes and lysosomes. Electron micrographs taken at various times suggest a mechanism of cell death which resembles certain aspects of the broad definition of apoptosis. However, we suggest that the cell death observed following p-LDL-induced release of lysosomal contents is essentially unique, with released lysosomal enzymes degrading the cell from within. We suggest that this process should be described as endopepsis.
BioGRID: a general repository for interaction datasets (2005)

Access to unified datasets of protein and genetic interactions is critical for interrogation of gene/protein function and analysis of global network properties. BioGRID is a freely accessible database of physical and genetic interactions available at http://www.thebiogrid.org. BioGRID release version 2.0 includes >116 000 interactions from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens. Over 30 000 interactions have recently been added from 5778 sources through exhaustive curation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae primary literature. An internally hyper-linked web interface allows for rapid search and retrieval of interaction data. Full or user-defined datasets are freely downloadable as tab-delimited text files and PSI-MI XML. Pre-computed graphical layouts of interactions are available in a variety of file formats. User-customized graphs with embedded protein, gene and interaction attributes can be constructed with a visualization system called Osprey that is dynamically linked to the BioGRID.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Substituted 3,6‐Di(2‐pyridyl)pyridazine Metal‐Coordinating Ligands (2003)

Abstract The synthesis of novel functionalized 3,6‐di(2‐pyridyl)pyridazines via an inverse electron demand Diels−Alder reaction between the corresponding 3,6‐di(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine and various alkynes is reported. The resulting 3,6‐di(2‐pyridyl)pyridazines were investigated using X‐ray crystallography, IR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy, whereby several 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques were exploited to conclusively assign all proton‐ and carbon‐resonances. In addition, it was demonstrated that the functionalized 3,6‐di(2‐pyridyl)pyridazines are capable of forming [2 × 2] grid‐like metal complexes with copper( I ) and silver( I ) ions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
High-throughput VDJ sequencing for quantification of minimal residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and immune reconstitution assessment (2011)

The primary cause of poor outcome following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is disease recurrence. Detection of increasing minimal residual disease (MRD) following HCT may permit early intervention to prevent clinical relapse; however, MRD quantification remains an uncommon diagnostic test because of logistical and financial barriers to widespread use. Here we describe a method for quantifying CLL MRD using widely available consensus primers for amplification of all Ig heavy chain (IGH) genes in a mixture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, followed by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) for disease-specific IGH sequence quantification. To achieve accurate MRD quantification, we developed a systematic bioinformatic methodology to aggregate cancer clone sequence variants arising from systematic and random artifacts occurring during IGH-HTS. We then compared the sensitivity of IGH-HTS, flow cytometry, and allele-specific oligonucleotide PCR for MRD quantification in 28 samples collected from 6 CLL patients following allogeneic HCT. Using amplimer libraries generated with consensus primers from patient blood samples, we demonstrate the sensitivity of IGH-HTS with 454 pyrosequencing to be 10(-5), with a high correlation between quantification by allele-specific oligonucleotide PCR and IGH-HTS (r = 0.85). From the same dataset used to quantify MRD, IGH-HTS also allowed us to profile IGH repertoire reconstitution after HCT-information not provided by the other MRD methods. IGH-HTS using consensus primers will broaden the availability of MRD quantification in CLL and other B cell malignancies, and this approach has potential for quantitative evaluation of immune diversification following transplant and nontransplant therapies.
Transforming Growth Factor-β and Breast Cancer Risk in Women With Mammary Epithelial Hyperplasia (1999)

This study indicates that loss of TGF-beta-RII expression in epithelial cells of EHLA is associated with increased risk of invasive breast cancer.
Reversal of galactose cataract with Sorbinil in rats. (1983)

Sorbinil, a potent aldose reductase inhibitor, can effectively block the progression of a galactose cataract even though the cataractous process is well underway. The prevention of dulcitol accumulation by Sorbinil is just as effective in reversing the cataract as the removal of galactose from the diet. The progression and reversal of the cataract were followed by ophthalmoscopy and histology. The results also further support the concept that in galactosemia the cataract is not caused by the toxic effects of galactose per se but by the consequence of the aldose reductase reaction.
Can the Low-Avidity Self-Specific T Cell Repertoire Be Exploited for Tumor Rejection? (2002)

Can self-specific T cells that have escaped intrathymic deletion be exploited to generate antitumor immunity? To determine whether antitumor immunity to a self-Ag for which central tolerance exists can be generated, a mouse model is used in which a fragment of the influenza nucleoprotein (NP) is expressed as a transgene under the control of the H-2K promoter in C57BL/10 mice (B10NP mice). In these mice an oligoclonal population of NP-specific T cells escapes thymic and peripheral deletion and can be activated upon immunization. The main hallmark of these self-specific CD8(+) T cells is diminished avidity for the pertinent MHC/peptide complex. We show in this study that intranasal infection with influenza virus can stimulate low-avidity NP-specific T cells to recognize and destroy NP-expressing microtumors in the lung, but not NP-expressing tumors growing s.c. Only a memory NP-specific CD8(+) T cell response can suppress the growth of an s.c. growing NP-expressing tumor. This delay in tumor growth is associated with a dramatic increase in the number of circulating NP-specific CD8(+) T cells. In addition, cultured memory NP-specific T cells require approximately 100-fold less Ag to induce NP-specific lysis than primary T cells, consistent with the observation that memory T cells have an increased avidity due to affinity maturation. Finally, during an NP-specific memory response, substantial numbers of low-avidity NP-specific T cells can be recovered from s.c. growing tumors. Together, these findings indicate that, when only a low-avidity repertoire is available to generate antitumor immunity, the best strategy may be to enhance memory responses.
Effects of different chromium compounds on blood pressure and lipid peroxidation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1997)

In a previous study, we found that oral chromium nicotinate overcame sucrose-induced hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Accordingly, we examined more chromium compounds to determine if others were more or less effective in regulating blood pressure (BP) of SHR. Since chromium is postulated to be an antioxidant, we also assessed the ability of different chromium compounds to alter free radical formation measured by determining thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The control group of SHR ingested a diet low in chromium, and 5 other groups ate the same diet with various chromium compounds added at 5 ppm-chloride, acetate, nicotinic acid-glycine-cysteine-glutamic acid (NA-AA), picolinate, and nicotinate. Following this, the rats were challenged with drinking water containing 5% and 10% w/v sucrose. Except for NA-AA, all chromium compounds inhibited the sucrose-induced elevation of systolic BP; and acetate, picolinate, and nicotinate chromium compounds lowered HbAIC below control. Only chromium acetate and nicotinate significantly lowered both hepatic and renal TBARS. Chromium picolinate lowered hepatic TBARS, and chromium chloride and NA-AA lowered neither. We conclude that chromium, rather than a specific ligand, plays a major role in ameliorating sucrose-induced BP elevations and can act as an antioxidant.
A study of the clinical incidence of infection in the use of banked allograft bone. (1981)

To determine the incidence of infection in grafting procedures utilizing banked allograft bone, 567 questionnaires were sent to collaborating surgeons who used Navy Tissue Bank freeze-dried allograft bone from October 1973 to October 1976. Three hundred and three questionnaires were sufficiently completed to be included in the study. Twenty-one patients were reported as showing evidence of infection, of which twelve were considered minor and nine were considered major according to the effect on the patient's postoperative course. In eleven of the twenty-one patients there were positive cultures as proof of infection: in the remaining ten there were not. Analysis of the proved infections showed that the allograft was probably not primarily responsible in most of the patients. Based on the data obtained in this study, the incidence of infection with the use of banked allogenous bone appears to compare favorably with infection rates reported for orthopaedic procedures utilizing autogenous bone.
Transport of cholesterol from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. (1985)

We have studied the transport of newly synthesized cholesterol from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane in Chinese hamster ovary cells using a cell fractionation assay. We found that transport is dependent on metabolic energy, but that the maintenance of the high differential concentration of cholesterol in the plasma membrane is not an energy-requiring process. We have tested a variety of inhibitors for their effect on cholesterol transport and found that cytochalasin B, colchicine, monensin, cycloheximide, and NH4Cl did not have any effect. The cholesterol transport process shows a sharp temperature dependence; it ceases at 15 degrees C, whereas cholesterol synthesis continues. When synthesis occurs at 15 degrees C, the newly synthesized cholesterol accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum and in a low density, lipid-rich vesicle fraction. These results suggest that cholesterol is transported via a vesicular system.
Mobile robot mapping in populated environments (2003)

The problem of learning maps with mobile robots has received considerable attention over the past years. Most of the approaches, however, assume that the environment is static during the data-acquisition phase. In this paper we consider the problem of creating maps with mobile robots in populated environments. Our approach uses a probabilistic method to track multiple people and to incorporate the estimates of the tracking technique into the mapping process. The resulting maps are more accurate since the number of spurious objects is reduced and since the robustness of range registration is improved. Our approach has been implemented and tested on real robots in indoor and outdoor scenarios. We present several experiments illustrating the capabilities of our approach to generate accurate 2d and 3d maps.
25Gb/s hybrid silicon switch using a capacitively loaded traveling wave electrode (2010)

We demonstrate a hybrid silicon modulator and switch operating up to 25 Gb/s with over 10 dB extinction ratio. The modulator has voltage-length product of 2.4 V-mm while the switch has switch time less than 35 ps and crosstalk smaller than -12 dB.