gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LEVELS OF α‐MELANOTROPHIN IN THE HUMAN FETAL PITUITARY GLAND THROUGHOUT GESTATION, IN ADULT PITUITARY GLAND AND IN HUMAN PLACENTA* (1982)

alpha-Melanotrophin was detected by radioimmunoassay in the human fetal pituitary gland from 11 weeks of gestation. The peak hormone concentration of 3.4 nmol/g pituitary tissue was reached at 17-20 weeks. From 17 to 36 weeks of gestation the total gland content rose gradually from 28 to 102 pmol. During this latter period, the pituitary gland grew some 10-fold, with the result that the alpha-melanotrophin concentration declined steadily to 1.3 nmol/g. In the final month of gestation, both the total gland content and the concentration of alpha-melanotrophin rose significantly to 254 pmol and 2.4 nmol/g respectively. The variations in pituitary gland content of alpha-melanotrophin were consistent with a role for pars intermedia peptides in the fetus. alpha-Melanotrophin-like peptides were not demonstrated in human placental tissue.
Heparanase expression in primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer. (2001)

The human endoglycosidase heparanase (hpa) degrades heparan-sulfate proteoglycans, which constitute prominent components of basement membranes and extracellular matrix. Due to the critical function of hpa in cancer cell invasion and metastasis, we have analyzed the expression of hpa in human primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer as well as in the normal pancreas and in chronic pancreatic inflammation. By real-time quantitative PCR, there was a 7.9- and 30.2-fold increase of hpa mRNA in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer tissue samples, respectively, in comparison with normal pancreatic tissues. There was a significant correlation between enhanced hpa mRNA expression and shorter postoperative patient survival. hpa mRNA and protein localized in the cancer cells of primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer, with a preferentially higher expression at the primary tumor site. Cultured pancreatic cancer cells transfected with a full-length hpa construct displayed enhanced invasiveness in an invasion chamber assay. These results suggest that hpa overexpression in human pancreatic cancers facilitates cancer cell invasion, thereby enhancing the metastatic potential of the tumors.
Strelka: accurate somatic small-variant calling from sequenced tumor–normal sample pairs (2012)

csaunders@illumina.com
9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino-protecting group (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino-protecting groupLouis A. Carpino and Grace Y. HanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 22, 3404–3409Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00795a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00795a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14849Altmetric-Citations895LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PC Cell–Derived Growth Factor Confers Resistance to Dexamethasone and Promotes Tumorigenesis in Human Multiple Myeloma (2006)

These data suggest that expression of PCDGF/GP88 confers resistance to dexamethasone and increase tumorigenesis of multiple myeloma cells in mouse xenografts. Our data here also raises the possibility of PCDGF/GP88 as a potential therapeutic target for dexamethasone-resistant multiple myeloma.
Expression of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor in rheumatoid arthritis. regulation of its production in synovial cells by interleukin‐1 and tumor necrosis factor (1993)

Abstract Objective. To investigate whether monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) contributes to the accumulation of macrophages in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. MCAF was measured by radioimmunoassay. MCAF gene expression was determined by Northern blotting and reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Recombinant human MCAF was injected into rabbit joints to evaluate the effect of MCAF on infiltration of macrophages. Results. High levels of MCAF were detected in synovial fluid from patients with RA. Cells freshly isolated from synovial fluid expressed MCAF messenger RNA (mRNA). Fibroblast‐like synoviocytes were found to express MCAF mRNA and to secrete MCAF in response to interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and tumor necrosis factor in vitro. IL‐1 also promoted MCAF gene expression in rabbit synovial tissue in vivo. MCAF caused marked infiltration of macrophages in rabbit synovial tissue. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that MCAF may contribute to the accumulation of macrophages in inflamed rheumatoid joints.
A phospholipase A2 inhibitory protein in rabbit neutrophils induced by glucocorticoids. (1980)

When rabbit peritoneal neutrophils were treated with glucocorticoids, their chemotactic response to stimulation by the chemoattractant fMet-Leu-Phe was markedly reduced. Preincubation of cells with glucocorticoids also decreased phospholipase A2 (phosphatide 2-acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) activity in situ as measured by the release of [1-14C]arachidonic acid previously incorporated into phospholipids. The inhibitory potencies of glucocorticoids on phospholipase A2 activity correlated well with their anti-inflammatory activities and their abilities to bind to glucocorticoid receptors. Inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis suppressed the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on phospholipase A2 activity. Digestion of the glucocorticoid-treated cells by Pronase overcame the inhibitory activity. Phospholipase A2 activity induced by Ca2+ ionophore A23187 was not affected by Pronase treatment. Gel filtration of proteins from neutrophil membranes labeled with [3H]lysine showed an induction of protein(s) (about 40,000 daltons) after glucocorticoid treatment. This protein inhibited a partially purified pancreatic phospholipase A2 and reduced the peptide-initiated chemotactic response of neutrophils.
-Difluoromethylornithine and Polyamine Levels in the Human Prostate: Results of a Phase IIa Trial (2001)

α-Diuoromethylornithine and Polyamine Levels in the Human Prostate: Results of a Phase IIa Trial Anne R. Simoneau  ; Eugene W. Gerner; Mai Phung; Christine E. McLaren; Frank L. Meyskens, Jr. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst (2001) 93 (1): 57-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/93.1.57 Published: 03 January 2001 Article history   Views  Cite  Share  Tools Topic: polyamines , prostate , difluoromethylornithine Issue Section: Brief Communication Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths in the United States (1). As such, the prevention of prostate cancer is of national medical concern. One approach to prevention of prostate cancer is to suppress the polyamine levels in the prostate, an avenue suggested by studies indicating that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the ~rst enzyme in the polyamine pathway, is overexpressed in human prostate cancer tissue (2) and is the target enzyme for α-diuoromethylornithine (DFMO). This inhibitor suppresses tissue contents of polyamines, which are required for optimal cell proliferation and di{erentiation. Elevated levels of polyamine are associated with several malignant or premalignant lesions (3–5). Prostate cancer seems a logical organ system for DFMO chemoprevention, since ODC activity and polyamine content are higher in prostatic tissue than in other mammalian tissues (6). Also, investigators (7–10) have demonstrated marked polyamine suppression by DFMO in rodent prostates and prostate cell lines. Mohan et al. (2) measured ODC activity in benign and malignant Skip to Main from Content tissues the same patient and found the cancerous portion to have levels almost
Kinetics of the Benzoyl Peroxide/Amine Initiated Free-Radical Polymerization of Dental Dimethacrylate Monomers:  Experimental Studies and Mathematical Modeling for TEGDMA and Bis-EMA (2004)

The kinetics of the benzoyl peroxide/amine initiated free-radical cross-linking polymerization of dimethacrylate monomers used as dental materials was studied. The monomers examined were triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and ethoxylated bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (Bis-EMA). As co-initiator to the benzoyl peroxide (BPO) the new amine 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenethyl alcohol was used. The polymerization rate vs time for several initial initiator concentrations was measured using differential scanning calorimetry. Differences in the polymerization kinetics of the two monomers are discussed in connection with the chemical structure of dimethacrylates Furthermore, a mathematical model was developed to simulate the BPO/amine initiated free-radical polymerization of dimethacrylate monomers. In the elementary reaction mechanism besides initiation, propagation, and termination reactions, also inhibition, primary radical termination, radical trapping, and secondary initiator chain transfer reactions were included. Diffusion-controlled phenomena on the termination, propagation, and initiation reactions were incorporated into the model based on theoretical equations and the free-volume theory. Theoretical simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental data for all different initial initiator concentrations studied.
Towards ILBC speech coding at lower rates through a new formulation of the start state search (2005)

The Internet Low Bit-rate Coder (iLBC) has emerged as a candidate for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications. By avoiding the inter-frame coding dependencies endemic to many speech coders such as those based on Code Excited Linear Prediction, iLBC is able to achieve superior robustness to packet loss. In addition to robustness to packet loss, a VoIP codec should possess the agility to adjust its source coding rate in order to react to network congestion and to be amenable to joint source channel coding for wireless channels. Towards this end, we develop a new formulation of the iLBC encoding process that allows for a variable rate iLBC. In particular, we demonstrate how the LP excitation signal is constructed from a much shorter vector of 'start state' samples through a non-square synthesis matrix that captures the effects of the Adaptive Codebook operations. With this new framework, the search and quantization of the start state is re-formulated as an Analysis by Synthesis matching problem. We demonstrate how a Multi-Pulse (MP) approach can be utilized to effect a variable rate coding solution for this new framework. A variable rate coder with the MP start state achieves better performance than the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) coder at 12.2 and 10.2 kbps for packet loss rates greater than 4%.
Interactions of the Cytoplasmic Domains of Human and Simian Retroviral Transmembrane Proteins with Components of the Clathrin Adaptor Complexes Modulate Intracellular and Cell Surface Expression of Envelope Glycoproteins (1999)

The cytoplasmic domains of the transmembrane (TM) envelope proteins (TM-CDs) of most retroviruses have a Tyr-based motif, YXXO, in their membrane-proximal regions. This signal is involved in the trafficking and endocytosis of membrane receptors via clathrin-associated AP-1 and AP-2 adaptor complexes. We have used CD8-TM-CD chimeras to investigate the role of the Tyr-based motif of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and human T-leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) TM-CDs in the cell surface expression of the envelope glycoprotein. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy studies showed that this motif is a major determinant of the cell surface expression of the CD8-HTLV chimera. The YXXO motif also plays a key role in subcellular distribution of the envelope of lentiviruses HIV-1 and SIV. However, these viruses, which encode TM proteins with a long cytoplasmic domain, have additional determinants distal to the YXXO motif that participate in regulating cell surface expression. We have also used the yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro binding assays to demonstrate that all three retroviral YXXO motifs interact with the micro1 and micro2 subunits of AP complexes and that the C-terminal regions of HIV-1 and SIV TM proteins interact with the beta2 adaptin subunit. The TM-CDs of HTLV-1, HIV-1, and SIV also interact with the whole AP complexes. These results clearly demonstrate that the cell surface expression of retroviral envelope glycoproteins is governed by interactions with adaptor complexes. The YXXO-based signal is the major determinant of this interaction for the HTLV-1 TM, which contains a short cytoplasmic domain, whereas the lentiviruses HIV-1 and SIV have additional determinants distal to this signal that are also involved.
Binding Mode and Structure–Activity Relationships of ITE as an Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Agonist (2017)

Discovered as a modulator of the toxic response to environmental pollutants, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has recently gained attention for its involvement in various physiological and pathological pathways. AhR is a ligand-dependent transcription factor activated by a large array of chemical compounds, which include metabolites of l-tryptophan (l-Trp) catabolism as endogenous ligands of the receptor. Among these, 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) has attracted interest in the scientific community, being endowed with nontoxic, immunomodulatory, and anticancer AhR-mediated functions. So far, no information about the binding mode and interactions of ITE with AhR is available. In this study, we used docking and molecular dynamics to propose a putative binding mode of ITE into the ligand binding pocket of AhR. Mutagenesis studies were then instrumental in validating the proposed binding mode, identifying His 285 and Tyr 316 as important key residues for ligand-dependent receptor activation. Finally, a set of ITE analogues was synthesized and tested to further probe molecular interactions of ITE to AhR and characterize the relevance of specific functional groups in the chemical structure for receptor activity.
Flexible Neural Electrode Array Based-on Porous Graphene for Cortical Microstimulation and Sensing (2016)

Neural sensing and stimulation have been the backbone of neuroscience research, brain-machine interfaces and clinical neuromodulation therapies for decades. To-date, most of the neural stimulation systems have relied on sharp metal microelectrodes with poor electrochemical properties that induce extensive damage to the tissue and significantly degrade the long-term stability of implantable systems. Here, we demonstrate a flexible cortical microelectrode array based on porous graphene, which is capable of efficient electrophysiological sensing and stimulation from the brain surface, without penetrating into the tissue. Porous graphene electrodes show superior impedance and charge injection characteristics making them ideal for high efficiency cortical sensing and stimulation. They exhibit no physical delamination or degradation even after 1 million biphasic stimulation cycles, confirming high endurance. In in vivo experiments with rodents, same array is used to sense brain activity patterns with high spatio-temporal resolution and to control leg muscles with high-precision electrical stimulation from the cortical surface. Flexible porous graphene array offers a minimally invasive but high efficiency neuromodulation scheme with potential applications in cortical mapping, brain-computer interfaces, treatment of neurological disorders, where high resolution and simultaneous recording and stimulation of neural activity are crucial.
Acute Responses of Non-Human Primates to Airway Delivery of an Adenovirus Vector Containing the Human Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator cDNA (1994)

Recombinant human adenovirus (Ad) vectors are leading candidates for human gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) based on demonstration of efficient transfer of exogenous genes to rodent respiratory epithelium in vivo and human respiratory cells in vitro. The safety of Ad-mediated gene transfer to the respiratory epithelium and acute (up to 21 days) clinical responses to airway delivery of a replication-deficient recombinant, E1-, E3- Ad type 5-based vector containing the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator cDNA (AdCFTR) were evaluated in rhesus monkeys. Airway delivery of an Ad vector with the lacZ marker gene demonstrated beta-galactosidase expression in epithelial cells. Animals administered intratracheal AdCFTR demonstrated human CFTR cDNA expression in airway epithelial cells. Animals administered AdCFTR intranasal, and 24 hr later, intrabronchial [2 x 10(7) to 5 x 10(10) plaque-forming units (pfu), n = 12], in a fashion similar to a proposed human protocol, or only intrabronchial (10(11) pfu, n = 3), had no significant changes in clinical parameters compared to vehicle controls (n = 6). Microscopic analysis of the lung by necropsy or bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes, in the area where AdCFTR was delivered, which persisted for at least 2 months in some animals. Serum anti-Ad type 5 neutralizing antibody titers did not rise and shed Ad was not detected. The presence of AdCFTR DNA, analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was not detected in organs outside the lung. These data demonstrate that AdCFTR is well tolerated in non-human primates, although there is dose-dependent inflammation in the lung not clinically apparent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Learning Visual Similarity Measures for Comparing Never Seen Objects (2007)

In this paper we propose and evaluate an algorithm that learns a similarity measure for comparing never seen objects. The measure is learned from pairs of training images labeled "same" or "different". This is far less informative than the commonly used individual image labels (e.g., "car model X"), but it is cheaper to obtain. The proposed algorithm learns the characteristic differences between local descriptors sampled from pairs of "same" and "different" images. These differences are vector quantized by an ensemble of extremely randomized binary trees, and the similarity measure is computed from the quantized differences. The extremely randomized trees are fast to learn, robust due to the redundant information they carry and they have been proved to be very good clusterers. Furthermore, the trees efficiently combine different feature types (SIFT and geometry). We evaluate our innovative similarity measure on four very different datasets and consistently outperform the state-of-the-art competitive approaches.
Microfilament stabilization by jasplakinolide arrests oocyte maturation, cortical granule exocytosis, sperm incorporation cone resorption, and cell-cycle progression, but not DNA replication, during fertilization in mice (2000)

Jasplakinolide (JAS), which induces microfilament polymerization and stabilization, inhibits microfilament-mediated events in murine oocyte maturation and fertilization in a fashion unlike the effects of cytochalasin B (CCB) and latranculin A (LAT A). JAS prevents egg polar body emission at a much lower concentration than either CCB or LAT A. Microfilament bundles were detected on the entire egg cortex after JAS exposure. Conversely, microfilament patterns did not change after exposure to CCB, and few microfilaments were observed after exposure to LAT A. Eggs that were allowed to recover from JAS were unable to recover normal microfilament organization. During oocyte maturation, JAS prevented both spindle migration to the oocyte cortex and first polar body emission. During in vitro fertilization, sperm head entered the eggs and formed pronuclei, but sperm tail entry, pronuclear centration, and second polar body emission were not detected. DNA synthesis occurs in these JAS-treated zygotes. JAS inhibited not only the formation, but also the disassembly, of incorporation cones. JAS was also found to prevent cortical granule exocytosis following artificial activation, and cortical granules were still beneath the plasma membrane even after activation. Finally, incorporation of microinjected nonmuscle actin into the microfilament network of mice eggs was delayed by JAS. We conclude that JAS acts as a microfilament inhibitor during maturation and fertilization and is more powerful than other inhibitors. Its mechanism differs in that it promotes assembly and stabilization of microfilaments. JAS is a novel cell permeable tool for the investigation of microfilament-dependent events in early mammalian development.
Molecular Dissection of a Bifidobacterial Replicon (2007)

The 2.1-kb cryptic plasmid pCIBAO89 from Bifidobacterium asteroides harbors a 1.4-kb segment which is sufficient for its autonomous replication. The segment is divided into two parts, the presumed replication origin, ori89, and the rep gene encoding the putative 41-kDa Rep89 replication initiation protein. This minimal replication region of pCIBAO89 was functionally dissected by transcriptional analyses as well as by DNA-binding studies, and the information obtained was exploited to create a number of Escherichia coli-Bifidobacterium shuttle vectors capable of transforming various bifidobacteria with an efficiency of up to 10(6) transformants/mug DNA.
THE LIQUID MATRIX EFFECTS FOR DETERMINATION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES BY LSIMS (1992)

Glycoconjugate, as a carrier of message, has important biological functions. The sugar moiety contains surprising information. Its molecular structure has been paid increasing attention to since the 1980’s. The application of softionization techniques, such as liquid
The role of randomized trials in testing interventions for the prevention of youth suicide (2007)

Epidemiological considerations point to a small handful of prevention strategies that have the potential for dramatically reducing suicide rates. Nearly all of those prevention approaches involve population-based strategies to either find an increased number of individuals at high risk for suicide or to reduce the prevalence of risk factors in members of a population that, as a whole, has a relatively low rate of suicide. Few of these approaches have been evaluated in rigorous trials. We argue that there are rigorous randomized trial designs that are both feasible and ethical and can be used to test both programmes and implementation strategies for population-based suicide prevention. We review existing suicide prevention trials and introduce two new randomized trial designs that are likely to achieve sufficient statistical power. The 'dynamic wait-listed design' randomizes across different time periods and is now being used to test a gatekeeper training programme in 32 schools. It could also be used to examine suicide prevention programmes in rural areas. The multi-trial follow-up study builds on the large number of successful population-based preventive interventions aimed at reducing known risk factors for suicide in youths to see whether these also cause a reduction in rates of completed suicide.