gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homocysteine thiolactone metabolism in malignant cells. (1976)

Since abnormal homocysteine metabolism is associated with several disorders of growth, including neoplasia, the metabolic fate of homocysteine thiolactone was studied in cell cultures from several malignant tumors, established cell lines, cell lines transformed by oncogenic viruses, and normal skin cells. In all of the cultures of malignant cells homocysteine thiolactone becaome incorporated in peptide linkage with cellular proteins (thiolation). Normal cells incorporated homocysteine thiolactone in peptide linkage, but homocysteine thiolactone was released by acid hydrolysis. The findings suggest the speculative possibility that malignant cells are deficient in a homocysteine thiolactone derivative that prevents thiolation of proteins by homocysteine thiolactone. This hypothetical substance may also catalyze the synthesis of methionine and release acrolein, a growth-regulatory substance, in normal cells. The growth characteristics and tumorigenicity of cultured cells may be related to depletion of the hypothetical substance, and its identification, synthesis, and administration to animals would be expected to affect growth of malignant neoplasms.
Analysis of LAZ3 (BCL-6) status in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: results of rearrangement and gene expression studies and a mutational analysis of coding region sequences (1995)

The LAZ3 gene encodes a novel zinc-finger protein that shares homology with several Drosophila transcription factors. This gene was identified by its disruption in translocations involving chromosome 3q27 in diffuse large-cell lymphomas. To assess the frequency and role of this gene's involvement in lymphomagenesis and tumor progression, we examined a series of 170 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B-cell lineage for LAZ3 gene rearrangement, expression, and mutation. The cases included 35 de novo diffuse aggressive lymphomas (DAL; 19 large-cell, 4 mixed-cell, and 12 large-cell immunoblastic), 52 transformed aggressive lymphomas derived from follicular lymphomas (TFL), 42 indolent follicular lymphomas (FL), 14 mantle cell lymphomas (MCL), and 27 small noncleaved cell lymphomas (SNCL). LAZ3 rearrangements were found in 10 DAL (28.6%), 9 TFL (17.3%), and 6 FL (14.3%), but not in any of the SNCL or MCL. LAZ3 rearrangement was not exclusive of bcl-2 rearrangement. Most rearrangement breakpoints mapped to a 10-kb BamHI-Xba I fragment located 5' to the LAZ3 coding sequence, consistent with previously reported breakpoint locations. Northern analysis of both rearranged and nonrearranged B-cell lymphoma cases showed similar levels of a transcript of approximately 3.8 kb, indicating that LAZ3 is broadly expressed in B-cell tumors and is not confined to rearranged cases. To investigate whether mutation of the LAZ3 gene might contribute to a potential role for this gene in lymphomagenesis, we screened the coding sequences of 13 rearranged cases, 6 nonrearranged cases, and 13 hematopoietic tumor cell lines. Although three probable polymorphisms were identified, mutations were detected in only 2 rearranged cases. Only 1 of these resulted in an amino acid substitution. Two cell lines (SU-DHL4 and Molt-4) also contained mutations; only one resulted in an amino acid substitution. We conclude (1) that LAZ3 rearrangements occur in a significant fraction of de novo DAL as well as in a smaller subset of indolent and transformed follicular lymphomas; (2) that LAZ3 message is expressed in both rearranged and nonrearranged B-cell lymphomas; and (3) that mutation of the LAZ3 gene does not contribute to its putative oncogenic role in most 3q27 translocated B-cell lymphomas.
Use of Hoechst Dyes 33258 and 33342 for Enumeration of Attached and Planktonic Bacteria (1982)

The DNA-specific fluorochromes Hoechst 33258 and 33342 were used to enumerate aquatic bacteria by epifluorescent direct counts. Cultures of estuarine bacteria gave identical counts when stained with Hoechst 33258 or acridine orange, whereas natural populations of aquatic bacteria gave 92 to 98.5% of the acridine orange counts. The technique had distinct advantages over acridine orange when enumerating bacteria on surfaces which bind acridine orange, such as polystyrene.
Decomposition Behavior of Waste Paper with Hot Compressed Water. (2000)

For the purpose of producing saccharides from waste paper, decom-position experiments of several kinds of waste paper such as old news print, flier and paper sludge with hot compressed water were performed by using a batch reactor of 6ml inner-volume. The temperature of water was varied in the range of 250-325°C under the decomposition time of about 60s. After the decomposition, yields of water-soluble and water-insoluble components (WS, WI) in the samples and concentrations of saccharides such as hexose and cellobiose in WS were measured. As the results, the maximum concentration of hexose obtained from old news print under the condition of 286°C and 40s was about 25wt% on WS basis. However, hexose and cellobiose were not obtained from flier, catalogue and sludge from a recycled paper plant. It was found that calcium carbonate in their samples prohibited the saccharification of paper. The addition of phosphate salt was confirmed to be effective for producing hexose from cellulose in the reaction system including calcium carbonate.
Pen-based interaction techniques for organizing material on an electronic whiteboard (1997)

This paper presents a scheme for extending an informal, penbased whiteboard system (the Tivoli application on-the Xerox LiveBoard) to provide interaction techniques that enable groups of users in informal meetings to easily organize and.rearrange material and to manage the space on the board. The techniques are based on the direct manipulation of boundaries and the implicit recognition of regions. The techniques include operations for shrinking and rearranging, structured borders that tessellate the board, freeform enclosures that can be split, fused, and linked, and collapsible annotations. Experience with using these techniques, the results of a user test, some design trade-offs and lessons, and future directions are discussed.
Gene Expression Differences in Normal Esophageal Mucosa Associated with Regression and Progression of Mild and Moderate Squamous Dysplasia in a High-Risk Chinese Population (2006)

A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 2 x 2 factorial chemoprevention trial was conducted in Linxian, China to assess the effects of selenomethionine and celecoxib on the natural history of esophageal squamous dysplasia. Results from this study indicated that asymptomatic adults with mild dysplasia were more likely to show an improvement when treated with selenomethionine compared with placebo (P = 0.02). Prompted by this finding, we examined the molecular profiles associated with regression and progression of dysplastic lesions in normal mucosa from 29 individuals, a subset of the Linxian cohort, using the Affymetrix U133A chip. Twenty differentially expressed genes were associated with regression and 129 were associated with progression when we compared the change in gene expression over time. Genes associated with immune response (n = 15), cell cycle (n = 15), metabolism (n = 15), calcium transport or calcium ion activity (n = 10), regulation of transcription (n = 9), signal transduction (n = 7), cytoskeleton and microtubules (n = 5), nucleotide processing and biosynthesis (n = 4), G-coupled signaling (n = 4), and apoptosis (n = 3) were present in the list of 149 genes. Using the Expression Analysis Systematic Explorer pathway analysis program, only the immune response pathway was significantly overrepresented among these 149 genes. Individuals whose lesions regressed seemed to have higher expression of genes associated with immune stimulation, such as antigen presentation, survival of T cells, and T-cell activation (HLA-DRA, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DBQ1, CD58, and FCER1A). In contrast, individuals whose lesions progressed had higher expression of genes involved in immune suppression and inflammation (CNR2, NFATC4, NFRKB, MBP, INHBB, CMKLR1, CRP, ORMS, SERPINA7, and SERPINA1). These data suggest that local and systemic immune responses may influence the natural history of esophageal squamous dysplasia.
The acquisition of lysophosphatidylcholine by African trypanosomes (1993)

Bloodstream forms of the African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei, can acquire substantial amounts of exogenous lysophospholipid. Lysophosphatidylcholine uptake is through a pathway consisting of three enzymes, phospholipase A1, acyl-CoA ligase, and lysophosphatidylcholine:acyl-CoA acyltransferase. The pathway enables the organism to acquire fatty acids and phospholipid head groups such as choline. Radiolabeling and 13C NMR studies show that two molecules of lysophosphatidylcholine are used to generate one molecule of cellular phosphatidylcholine. The three enzymes are associated with the trypanosomal plasma membrane and are accessible to exogenous substrates. The first enzyme, phospholipase A1, generates free fatty acid from exogenous lysophospholipid, which the second enzyme, a ligase, uses to form acyl-CoA. The fatty acyl-CoA formed by this route is in a separate pool from that derived from exogenous free fatty acid and is used by the third enzyme, acyltransferase, to acylate a second molecule of exogenous lysophospholipid. Acyltransferase is accessible to exogenous and endogenous acyl-CoA. The high activity of this pathway in bloodstream forms, compared with procyclic culture form trypanosomes, suggests that it may play a role in the acquisition of fatty acids for synthesis of the membrane form of the variant surface glycoprotein. Extracellular myristoyllysophosphatidylcholine can be used by trypanosomes as a source of myristate in remodeling the lipid anchor of the variant surface glycoprotein.
A New $LCL$-Filter With In-Series Parallel Resonant Circuit for Single-Phase Grid-Tied Inverter (2014)

When designing a higher order output power filter for a transformerless grid-tied converter using pulsewidth modulation (PWM), the requirements on the leakage current, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, and the harmonics of the grid-injected current should be addressed. For an LCL-filter-based single-phase grid-tied full-bridge inverter system, it is possible to decrease the total inductance as well as the size and the cost, if the harmonic currents around the switching frequency can be fully suppressed. In this paper, the grid-injected current harmonics and the conducted EMI noise are investigated for the conventional LCL-filter-based system. Based on this, a modified LCL-filter topology using an extra parallel LrCr resonant circuit is proposed to reduce the total inductance value, without increasing the capacitive reactive power. The validity is verified through the experiments on a 500-W 110-V/50-Hz prototype.
Implementation of Dasher, an information efficient input mechanism (2003)

We found an association with a SNP located in the promoter region of the ERbeta gene and risk of developing prostate cancer. The biological significance of this finding is unclear, but it supports the hypothesis that sequence variation in the promoter region of ERbeta is of importance for risk of prostate cancer.
Characterization and species distribution of high affinity GTP-coupled receptors for human rantes and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. (1993)

Equilibrium binding studies with recombinant human chemoattractant cytokines Rantes and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) on monocytic THP-1 cells have allowed the functional identification of two distinct receptors for C-C chemokines. One is a novel oligospecific receptor with high affinity for Rantes (50% maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50], 0.68 nM) and low affinity (IC50, 35 nM) for MCP-1, while the other is the previously described specific receptor for MCP-1 (IC50, 0.5 nM). Receptor affinity for Rantes is enhanced on preparation of isolated membranes with a 12-fold decrease in receptor Kd. The basis of this enhancement is not understood. The Rantes receptor appears to be G protein linked, as binding activity is abolished by guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (IC50, 7.3 nM). In contrast to the consequences of MCP-1 binding, we were unable to demonstrate ligand-dependent calcium fluxes on binding of Rantes to human monocytes or THP-1 cells. The binding of Rantes and MCP-1 to mononuclear cells from dog, rabbit, and rat were tested. While high affinity binding could be demonstrated in dog and rabbit, differences in ligand-induced Ca2+ fluxes could be shown between species. This suggests that receptor-ligand interactions and receptor coupling is best examined with autologous receptors and cytokine.
Synthesis, bioactivation and anti-HIV activity of the bis(4-acyloxybenzyl) and mono(4-acyloxybenzyl) esters of the 5′-monophosphate of AZT (1993)

To investigate the design of prodrugs of antiviral nucleosides for targeting to the central nervous system, the bis(4-acyloxybenzyl) esters of the 5′-monophosphate of AZT 5(R = Me, Et, Pri or But) have been prepared. The reaction of the appropriate bis(4-acyloxybenzyl)N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite 10(R = Me, Et, Pri or But) with AZT in the presence of 1H-tetrazole, followed by oxidation of the PIII intermediate with 3-chlcroperoxybenzoic acid gave the required triesters 5 in good yield. The lithium salts of the mono (4-acyloxybenzyl) esters of the 5′-phosphate of AZT 7(R = Me, Et, Pri or But) were prepared by treatment of the triesters 5 with lithium iodide. In the presence of porcine liver carboxyesterase the triesters 5 and diesters 7 decomposed readily to the 5′-monophosphate of AZT 9. The anti-HIV activities of the triesters 5 and diesters 7 were, with one exception, comparable to that of AZT, but the greater cytotoxicity of certain compounds in particular types of cell significantly reduced their selectivity indices.
A Two-Dimensional Sub-Pixel Edge Detection Algorithm Based on Hyperbolic Tangent (2010)

Locating edges in images accurately is important to improve the precision of visual measurement. Firstly, from the characteristics of edge gray distribution in actual images, a method is put forward to detect sub-pixel edges, which fits edge gray distribution with hyperbolic tangent function, and gets subpixel edges through least-square method. Then, the accuracy of the algorithm is evaluated, taking measurement error of sizes of high-accuracy checkerboard as criterion. This evaluation combines with camera calibration technique, which considers factors of lens distortion and perspective distortion.
Reduction of blood pressure in obese hyperinsulinaemic hypertensive patients during somatostatin infusion (1989)

Hypertension in the obese may be related to hyperinsulinaemia. To investigate this relationship further, we infused somatostatin (250 micrograms/h in 100 ml saline) or saline, single-blind and in a random order, for 10 h in seven obese hyperinsulinaemic hypertensive patients and in seven normo-insulinaemic hypertensive controls. Every 2 h, blood pressure, plasma insulin, glucose, sodium, potassium, renin, cortisol and aldosterone concentrations and the urinary sodium:creatinine ratio were determined. Two hours after the somatostatin infusion was started, mean arterial blood pressure was significantly reduced in the obese hyperinsulinaemic patients (from 128 +/- 11 to 114 +/- 11 mmHg, P less than 0.05) but not in the controls and this reduction persisted throughout the study. The somatostatin infusion reduced plasma insulin and increased plasma glucose similarly in both groups. Plasma sodium, potassium, renin, cortisol and aldosterone concentrations and the urinary sodium:creatinine ratio were unchanged after the somatostatin infusion. These results suggest that hyperinsulinaemia could help sustain the blood pressure rise in obesity.
Results of a phase I–II study of adjuvant concurrent carboplatin and accelerated radiotherapy for triple negative breast cancer (2016)

<b>Purpose</b>: To determine feasibility and explore the clinical efficacy of concurrent radiotherapy and carboplatin as adjuvant treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). <b>Patients and Methods</b>: Women with Stage I-II TNBC were treated after surgery in a phase I-II prospective trial [NCT01289353]. Weekly carboplatin (AUC = 2.0) was delivered for 6 weeks. Concurrent radiotherapy was delivered in the prone position during weeks 2-4, for a total dose of 40.5 Gy in 15 fractions to the breast, and 46.5 Gy in 17 fractions to the tumor bed. Adverse events (AE) were assessed weekly during treatment, once at 45-60 d, and every 6 mo thereafter, using the Common Terminology Criteria for AE (CTCAE) v3.0. <b>Results</b>: A total of 39 patients accrued and 36 received treatment. Eight patients (22%, exact 95% CI: 10%, 39%) developed grade 2 or greater acute radiation dermatitis. Overall, grade 2 AE were seen in nine and grade 3 in two patients. Twenty-three patients (64%) received additional adjuvant chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 48 mo, 34/36 (94%) are alive and disease free. One patient died of pulmonary failure with possible but unproven breast cancer recurrence, and one patient died of pelvic malignancy. One patient recurred locally and is alive and disease free after surgical management. Brisk lymphocytic infiltrate was present pre-treatment in 39% of 18 patients with evaluable tumor. <b>Conclusions</b>: Adjuvant concurrent carboplatin and prone accelerated radiotherapy is a well-tolerated and promising treatment of early stage TNBC. The observed 3% compares favorably with the expected 30% recurrence rate within 1-4 y from treatment, warranting further studies.
Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactides Initiated by Zinc Alkoxides Derived from NNO-Tridentate Ligands (2006)

A new series of dinuclear zinc complexes of the types [LZnEt]2 and [LZn(μ-OBn)]2 (where L = NNO-tridentate Schiff base ligand) have been prepared. The activities of zinc alkoxides, [LZn(μ-OBn)]2, toward the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide have been investigated. Experimental results indicate that the reactivity of [LZn(μ-OBn)]2 was dramatically affected by both the electronic and steric effect of the substituents on the Schiff base. The polymerization kinetics using [L1Zn(μ-OBn)]2 (2a) as an initiator were also studied, and the experimental results reveal that the rate of reaction is first-order, which depends on both [LA] and [L1Zn(μ-OBn)]2. Furthermore, the heterotactic PLA with Pr up to 91% can be achieved by initiating of [L5Zn(μ-OBn)]2 in CH2Cl2 at −55 °C.
Use of Cyclodextrin and Its Derivatives as Carriers for Oligonucleotide Delivery (1995)

The use of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides as tools for modulating gene expression represents a novel strategy for designing drugs to treat a variety of diseases. Several factors, including cellular uptake and internalization of the phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide, are important parameters in determining the effectiveness of antisense agents as therapies. We have used cyclodextrin and its analogs as carriers to increase cellular uptake of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. The studies were carried out using 35S-labeled and fluorescent-labeled phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide in human T cell leukemia H9 cell line. Cellular uptake of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide in the presence of cyclodextrin was found to be concentration and time dependent. Using various cyclodextrin analogs, e.g., 2-hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD), hydroxyethyl beta-cyclodextrin (HECD), and a mixture of various hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrins (Encapsin), we observed increases in phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide uptake, up to twofold to threefold in 48 hours. Confocal microscopy studies confirmed that oligonucleotide was present intracellularly. Cyclodextrin itself was not toxic at the concentration used. Cyclodextrins did not seem to affect the efflux of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide from cells. Stability of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide against endogenous cellular nucleases remained unchanged in the presence of cyclodextrins. These studies suggest that cyclodextrin and its analogs might be used successfully as carriers for oligonucleotide and analogs.
Quantum Logic Gates for Coupled Superconducting Phase Qubits (2003)

Based on a quantum analysis of two capacitively coupled current-biased Josephson junctions, we propose two fundamental two-qubit quantum logic gates. Each of these gates, when supplemented by single-qubit operations, is sufficient for universal quantum computation. Numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation demonstrate that these operations can be performed with good fidelity.
Estimation of cerebral blood flow through color duplex sonography of the carotid and vertebral arteries in healthy adults. (1994)

We conclude that color duplex sonography of cervical arteries is potentially a practical method for estimating total cerebral blood flow. This noninvasive technique may be ideally suited for bedside and follow-up examinations of the critically ill patient. In future studies it should be compared with established radionuclide techniques.
Non-invasive Technology for Monitoring of Intracranial Volumetric Pulse Waves and Trends (2008)

New non-invasive ultrasonic technology and Vittamed 105 monitor for monitoring of intracranial volumetric trends and pulse wave has been created and clinically tested. The clinical investigations of new technology show the similarity between the invasively recorded intracranial pressure (ICP) and non-invasively recorded intracranial blood volume (IBV) pulse waves, slow waves and slow trends under intensive care unit (ICU) conditions.
Synthesis of oligodeoxynucleoside methylphosphonates utilizing the fert-butylphenoxyacetyl group for exocyclic amine protection (1994)

Oligodeoxynucleoside methylphosphonates were synthesized using methylphosphonamidite monomers incorporating the base labile tert-butylphenoxyacetyl (t-BPA) protecting group on the exocyclic amines of dA, dC, and dG. Synthesis of the oligodeoxynucleoside methylphosphonates required only a small change in oxidation solution from standard DNA synthesis. The increased lability of the t-BPA group over the standard benzoyl and isobutyryl protection permitted the use of milder basic deprotection conditions. Deprotection of the nucleoside bases and release from support was best accomplished by a short treatment with ammonia saturated methanol. This procedure resulted in minimal backgone degradation with no base modifications. Analysis of the resultant oligodeoxynucleoside methylphosphonates by reverse phase HPLC and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy are described.
Alkaline peroxide delignification of agricultural residues to enhance enzymatic saccharification (1984)

Approximately one-half of the lignin and most of the hemicellulose present in agricultural residues such as wheat straw and corn stover are solubilized when the residue is treated at 25 degrees C in an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide. The delignification reaction is most efficient when the ratio of hydrogen peroxide to substrate is at least 0.25 (w/w) and the pH is 11.5. The supernatant fraction from a given pretreatment, after addition of makeup peroxide and readjustment of the pH, can be recycled to treat at least six additional batches of substrate, resulting in a substantial concentration of hemicellulose and soluble lignin degradation products. Hydrolysis of the insoluble fraction with Trichoderma reesei cellulase after alkaline peroxide treatment yields glucose with almost 100% efficiency, based upon the cellulose content of the residue before treatment. These data indicate that alkaline peroxide pretreatment is a simple and efficient method for enhancing the enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulosic crop residues to levels approaching the theoretical maximum.