gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micro-electro-mechanical flapping wing technology for micro air vehicles (2012)

Army combat operations have placed a high premium on reconnaissance missions for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) (less than 15 cm in dimension and less than 20 g in mass). One approach for accomplishing this mission is to develop a biologically inspired flapping wing insect that can maneuver into confined areas and possess hovering capabilities. Analysis of insect flight indicates that in addition to the bending excitation (flapping), simultaneous excitation of the twisting degree-of-freedom (pitching) is required to manipulate the control surface adequately. Traditionally, bimorph piezoelectric PZT (Pb(Zr<sub>0.55</sub>Ti<sub>0.45</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>) actuators have been used in many applications to excite the bending degree-of-freedom. In laminated or layered structures, bend-twist coupling is governed by the existence of at least one anisotropic layer not aligned with the primary plate axes. By adding a layer of off-axis PZT segments to a PZT bimorph actuator, thereby producing a layered structure to be referred to as a functionally- modified bimorph, bend-twist coupling may be introduced to the flexural response of the layered PZT. Furthermore, by selectively charging off-axis layers in specific combinations with the bimorph, the response of the functionally-modified bimorph may be tailored yielding a biaxial actuator to actively control the flapping wing response. The present study presents an experimental investigation of both traditional bimorph and functionally-modified PZT bimorph designs intended for active bend-twist actuation of cm-scale flapping wing devices.
Pressure-flow studies in man. An evaluation of the duration of the phases of systole (1969)

This study was designed to assess the independent effects of stroke volume and heart rate on the phases of systole and other selected hemodynamic parameters. By means of the pressure gradient technique instantaneous blood pressure and flow were recorded in the ascending aorta at fixed ventricular rates in five patients with complete heart block and in four patients with atrio-ventricular dissociation induced by ventricular pacing. Because of the variable contribution of atrial systole to ventricular filling, a wide range of stroke volumes were observed at each heart rate. The results indicate that the duration of ejection bears a close direct linear relationship to stroke volume while heart rate has only a weak but independent relation. On the other hand, the duration of total systole is related chiefly to the heart rate but stroke volume exerts an important independent effect. In a given patient, both duration of ejection and pulse pressure reflect changes of stroke volume and the product of the duration of ejection and the pulse pressure shows a good correlation with the stroke volume.
Towards automatic generation of vulnerability-based signatures (2006)

In this paper we explore the problem of creating vulnerability signatures. A vulnerability signature matches all exploits of a given vulnerability, even polymorphic or metamorphic variants. Our work departs from previous approaches by focusing on the semantics of the program and vulnerability exercised by a sample exploit instead of the semantics or syntax of the exploit itself. We show the semantics of a vulnerability define a language which contains all and only those inputs that exploit the vulnerability. A vulnerability signature is a representation (e.g., a regular expression) of the vulnerability language. Unlike exploit-based signatures whose error rate can only be empirically measured for known test cases, the quality of a vulnerability signature can be formally quantified for all possible inputs. We provide a formal definition of a vulnerability signature and investigate the computational complexity of creating and matching vulnerability signatures. We also systematically explore the design space of vulnerability signatures. We identify three central issues in vulnerability-signature creation: how a vulnerability signature represents the set of inputs that may exercise a vulnerability, the vulnerability coverage (i.e., number of vulnerable program paths) that is subject to our analysis during signature creation, and how a vulnerability signature is then created for a given representation and coverage. We propose new data-flow analysis and novel adoption of existing techniques such as constraint solving for automatically generating vulnerability signatures. We have built a prototype system to test our techniques. Our experiments show that we can automatically generate a vulnerability signature using a single exploit which is of much higher quality than previous exploit-based signatures. In addition, our techniques have several other security applications, and thus may be of independent interest.
Continuous variable entanglement enhancement and manipulation by a subthreshold Type II optical parametric amplifier (2010)

We experimentally demonstrate that the quantum entanglement between amplitude and phase quadratures of optical modes produced from a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) can be enhanced and manipulated phase sensitively by means of another NOPA. When both NOPAs operate at deamplification, the entanglement degree is increased at the cavity resonance of the second NOPA. When the first NOPA operates at deamplification and the second one at amplification, the spectral features of the correlation variances are significantly changed. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical expectation.
A Quantum Mechanical Model for Bioelectromagnetic Resonance Phenomena (1990)

A quantum mechanical model is applied to describe the interaction of a low-frequency magnetic field with an ion bound loosely to a membrane surface in the presence of a static magnetic field. The static field creates additional substates with a harmonic oscillator character above the preexisting local binding states. The alternating field induces transitions from the local states to the substates. This model predicts the existence of narrow resonances at odd multiples of the cyclotron frequency with successively decreasing amplitude. The balance between resonant excitation of the sublevels and a non-equilibrium process which empties those states may be related to the observation of amplitude windows. Ion-membrane coupling may lead to a correlated response to the applied fields and provide an efficient emptying mechanism.
Outsourcing stokes financial crime threat (2004)

Outsourcing user administration is increasing the danger that financial services companies face from electronic crime. A report from the Financial Services Authority warns that user provisioning is a weak spot made worse by off-shoring.
Feasibility and Performance of Noninvasive Ultrasound Therapy in Patients With Severe Symptomatic Aortic Valve Stenosis (2021)

International audience
Altered TCR ligands affect antigen-presenting cell responses: up-regulation of IL-12 by an analogue peptide (1996)

When examining the effects of analogue peptides on changes in response patterns of a human Th0 clone DT13.2 that recognizes a peptide fragment (18RSLRTVTPIRMQGG31) derived from a group I allergen in Dermatophagoides farinae in the context of HLA-DQ6 (DQA1*0102/DQB1*0602), we found that replacement of the 21st residue Arg to Lys resulted in a significant increase in IFN-gamma production, with no remarkable changes either in proliferative response or IL-4 production, at high doses of the peptide. Selective enhancement of IFN-gamma production by the analogue peptide was accompanied by an increased production of IL-12, which was suppressed by an anti-IL-12 Ab down to the level of IFN-gamma production induced by the wild-type peptide. On the contrary, co-incubation with neutralizing Abs to IFN-gamma and IFN-gamma receptor did not affect IL-12 production, indicating that increased production of IL-12 stimulated by the analogue peptide was not due to an effect of IFN-gamma from T cells. Peptide-induced up-regulation of CD40 ligand expression at high peptide concentrations showed no difference between the wild-type and analogue peptides. These data collectively indicate that certain T cell/APC interactions mediated through TCR and altered TCR ligands affect APC responses and that signals transmitted to APC are as indispensable as those to T cells in determining T cell response patterns.
Transfer of electrons across the cytoplasmic membrane by DsbD, a membrane protein involved in thiol–disulphide exchange and protein folding in the bacterial periplasm (2000)

Reduction of non-native protein disulphides in the periplasm of Escherichia coli is catalysed by three enzymes, DsbC, DsbG and DsbE, each of which harbours a catalytic Cys-X-X-Cys dithiol motif. This dithiol motif requires continuous reduction for activity. Genetic evidence suggests that the source of periplasmic reducing power resides within the cytoplasm, provided by thioredoxin (trxA) and thioredoxin reductase (trxB). Cytoplasmic electrons donated by thioredoxin are thought to be transferred into the periplasm via the DsbD membrane protein. To understand the molecular nature of electron transfer, we have analysed the membrane topology of DsbD. DsbD is exported by an N-terminal signal peptide. The N- and C-terminal domains are positioned in the periplasmic space, connected by eight transmembrane segments. Electron transfer was shown to require five cysteine sulphydryl of DsbD. Trans complementation of mutant DsbD molecules revealed intermolecular electron transfer. We discuss a model whereby the membrane-embedded disulphides of DsbD accept electrons from cytoplasmic thioredoxin and transfer them to the C-terminal periplasmic dithiol motif of DsbD.
Infinite randomness expansion with a constant number of devices (2014)

We present a device-independent randomness expansion protocol, involving only a constant number of non-signaling quantum devices, that achieves infinite expansion: starting with m bits of uniform private randomness, the protocol can produce an unbounded amount of certified randomness that is exp(--Ω(m1/3))-close to uniform and secure against a quantum adversary. The only parameters which depend on the size of the input are the soundness of the protocol and the security of the output (both are inverse exponential in m). This settles a long-standing open problem in the area of randomness expansion and device-independence.
Optical Measurement of Ultrasonic Nanometer Motion of Rough Surface by Two-Wave Mixing in Bi12SiO20 (1995)

Motion of a rough surface of an ultrasonic transducer was measured using an optical interferometer based on photorefractive two-wave mixing in a Bi 12 SiO 20 crystal. The displacement equivalent to noise was 0.10 nm in a band-width of 8.0 MHz. The low-frequency noise was automatically compensated by an adaptive property of the photorefractive grating without an electric feedback loop.
HIV-Regulated Diphtheria Toxin A Chain Gene Confers Long-Term Protection Against HIV Type 1 Infection in the Human Promonocytic Cell Line U937 (1995)

Gene therapy approaches have recently been investigated for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), both in preclinical and clinical studies, because more traditional antiviral agents have proven to be of limited effectiveness. We have previously shown that long-term protection against both laboratory and clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was conferred by HIV-regulated diphtheria toxin A (DT-A) chain in a human T cell line. Because the monocyte/macrophage cell is an important reservoir for HIV-1 in infected individuals, we sought here to determine whether HIV-regulated DT-A would also be effective in the promonocytic cell line U937. We report here that long-term protection, conferred by HIV-regulated DT-A, was observed in U937 cells, but that protection was dependent on the stock of HIV IIIB used for challenge. HIV production was measured by p24 assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HIV vif, gag, and reverse transcriptase (RT) sequences, and cocultivation with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Complete protection was seen in DT-A-transduced cells with a stock of IIIB propagated on H9 cells and titered on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), while protection in these same cells with a second stock of IIIB, propagated and titered on H9 cells, was only partial and dose dependent.
Research Commentary: Examining the Quality of Statistical Mathematics Education Research (2009)

This “Research Commentary” addresses the quality of statistical research in mathematics education. To do so, we analyze 10 years of Journal for Research in Mathematics Education (JRME) articles based on criteria suggested by the American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, and National Council for Measurement in Education (AERA, APA, &amp; NCME, 1999); the National Research Council (Shavelson &amp; Towne, 2002); and the American Statistical Association (ASA, 2007). We find the majority of JRME articles lacking in one or more respects, and we highlight criteria for JRME authors, reviewers, and editors.
Robsut Wrod Reocginiton via semi-Character Recurrent Neural Network (2016)

Language processing mechanism by humans is generally more robust than computers. The Cmabrigde Uinervtisy (Cambridge University) effect from the psycholinguistics literature has demonstrated such a robust word processing mechanism, where jumbled words (e.g. Cmabrigde / Cambridge) are recognized with little cost. On the other hand, computational models for word recognition (e.g. spelling checkers) perform poorly on data with such noise. Inspired by the findings from the Cmabrigde Uinervtisy effect, we propose a word recognition model based on a semi-character level recurrent neural network (scRNN). In our experiments, we demonstrate that scRNN has significantly more robust performance in word spelling correction (i.e. word recognition) compared to existing spelling checkers and character-based convolutional neural network. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the model is cognitively plausible by replicating a psycholinguistics experiment about human reading difficulty using our model.
High-throughput sequence-based epigenomic analysis of Alu repeats in human cerebellum (2009)

DNA methylation, the only known covalent modification of mammalian DNA, occurs primarily in CpG dinucleotides. 51% of CpGs in the human genome reside within repeats, and 25% within Alu elements. Despite that, no method has been reported for large-scale ascertainment of CpG methylation in repeats. Here we describe a sequencing-based strategy for parallel determination of the CpG-methylation status of thousands of Alu repeats, and a computation algorithm to design primers that enable their specific amplification from bisulfite converted genomic DNA. Using a single primer pair, we generated amplicons of high sequence complexity, and derived CpG-methylation data from 31 178 Alu elements and their 5' flanking sequences, altogether representing over 4 Mb of a human cerebellum epigenome. The analysis of the Alu methylome revealed that the methylation level of Alu elements is high in the intronic and intergenic regions, but low in the regions close to transcription start sites. Several hypomethylated Alu elements were identified and their hypomethylated status verified by pyrosequencing. Interestingly, some Alu elements exhibited a strikingly tissue-specific pattern of methylation. We anticipate the amplicons herein described to prove invaluable as epigenome representations, to monitor epigenomic alterations during normal development, in aging and in diseases such as cancer.
Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic resistance: Implications for treatment of staphylococcal osteomyelitis (2005)

antibiotic sensitivities of S. aureus do not change after exposure to the osteoblast intracellular environment. Human and mouse osteoblast cultures were infected and S. aureus cells were allowed to invade. Following times 0, 12, 24, and 48 h ( +/- the addition of erythromycin, clindamycin, and rifampin at times 0 or 12 h), the osteoblasts were lysed and intracellular bacteria enumerated. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on extracellular and intracellular S. aureus cells. In mouse osteoblasts, administration of bacteriostatic antibiotics at time 0 prevented the increase in intracellular S. aureus. If the antibiotics were delayed 12 h, this did not occur. When rifampin (bactericidal) was introduced at time 0 to human and mouse osteoblasts, there was a significant decrease in number of intracellular S. aureus within osteoblasts compared to control. If rifampin was delayed 12 h, this did not occur. Significant time-dependent S. aureus structural changes were observed after exposure to the osteoblast intracellular environment. These studies demonstrate that once S. aureus is established intracellularly for 12 h, the bacteria are less sensitive to antibiotics capable of eukaryotic cell penetration (statistically significant). These antibiotic sensitivity changes could be due in part to the observed structural changes. This leads to the rejection of our null hypotheses that the antibiotic sensitivities of S. aureus are unaltered by their location.
Targeted Disruption of the Mouse apobec-1 Gene Abolishes Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing and Eliminates Apolipoprotein B48 (1996)

A site-specific C to U editing reaction modifies nuclear apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) mRNA, producing apolipoprotein B48 in the mammalian small intestine. This reaction is mediated by a multicomponent enzyme complex, which contains a catalytic subunit, Apobec-1. We have used gene targeting to disrupt mouse apobec-1 in order to establish its requisite importance in apoB mRNA editing and also, in view of its widespread tissue distribution in rodents, as a preliminary indication of other potential roles. Both heterozygous (apobec-1+/-) and homozygous (apobec-1-/-) gene-targeted mice appear healthy and fertile with no alterations in serum cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations. The apobec-1+/- mice demonstrated reduced levels of hepatic apoB mRNA editing. By contrast, levels of small intestinal apoB mRNA editing were indistinguishable in wild-type and apobec-1+/- animals, suggesting that Apobec-1 is expressed in limited quantities in the liver but not in the small intestine. The apobec-1-/- mice lacked detectable levels of Apobec-1 mRNA, expressed only unedited apoB mRNA in all tissues, and contained no apoB48 in their serum, demonstrating that there is no functional duplication of this gene.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of neutral derivatives of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate (1983)

5-Fluoro-5'-(2-oxo-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinan-2-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine (1a) and 5-fluoro-5'-(2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinan-2-yl)-2'-deoxyuridine (1b) were prepared by reaction of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (7a) and phosphoryl chloride with 3-amino-1-propanol and 1,3-propanediol, respectively. The thymidine analogues, 1c and 1d, were prepared similarly from thymidine. Compound 1b was synthesized in better yield from 13a and trimethylene phosphate with triphenylphosphine/diethyl azodicarboxylate as a condensing agent. Compounds 1a-d were resistant to degradation by 5'-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase, venom phosphodiesterase, and crude snake venom. None of these compounds were significantly biotransformed when incubated with mouse hepatic microsomal preparations in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. When administered intraperitoneally (ip) for 5 consecutive days, 1a was nearly as effective as 5-fluorouracil at prolonging the life spans of BDF1 mice implanted intraperitoneally with leukemia P-388. However, much larger dosages of 1a were required for optimal activity. Compound 1b administered similarly was only marginally effective. Neither 1a nor 1b was active against a P-388 mutant resistant to 5-fluorouracil.
35S promoter-driven cDNAs of barley mild mosaic virus RNA1 and RNA2 are infectious on barley plants. (1997)

Full-length cDNAs of barley mild mosaic bymovirus RNA1 and RNA2 were cloned downstream of a modified cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter with double enhancer. Mechanical inoculation of barley seedlings with a mixture of both cDNAs resulted in systemic mosaic symptoms, typical of barley mild mosaic virus infection. The presence of both RNA species and their gene products in the systemically infected leaves was demonstrated by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. Virions were detected by immunogold labelling, demonstrating that the RNAs are encapsidated. This is the first report of the 35S promoter used in successfully infecting a monocot plant host with cDNA from a strictly monocot plant RNA virus.
Open-Tubular Capillary Cell Affinity Chromatography:  Single and Tandem Blood Cell Separation (2008)

In this paper, an open-tubular capillary cell affinity chromatography (OT-CAC) method to enrich and separate target cells is described. Open tubular capillaries coated with anti-CD4, anti-CD14, or anti-CD19 antibodies were used as affinity chromatography columns to separate target blood cells. Cells were eluted using either shear force or bubbles. Bubbles were used to elute the captured cells without diluting the captured cells appreciably, while maintaining viability (the viability of the recovered cells was 85.83 +/- 7.34%; the viability of the cells was 90.41 +/- 3.49% before separation). Several aspects of the OT-CAC method were studied, such as the affinity of one antibody between two different cell lines, the effect of shear force, and the recovery of captured cells. Single- and multicell type separations were demonstrated by isolating CD4+ cells with antiCD4 coated capillary and isolating CD4+ and CD19+ cells with two capillaries in tandem from blood samples. In the one cell type isolation test, an average of 87.7% of the recovered cells from antiCD4 capillary were lymphocytes and an average of 97.7% of those lymphocytes were CD4+ cells. In the original blood sample, only 14.2% of the leukocytes were CD4+ cells. Two capillary columns were also run in tandem, separating two blood cell types from a single sample with high purity. The use of different elution shear forces was demonstrated to selectively elute one cell type. This method is an inexpensive, rapid, and effective method to separate target cells from blood samples.
Doxycycline in the protection of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin from human neutrophil collagenase and gelatinase (1993)

The concentration of doxycycline required to inhibit 50% (50% inhibitory concentration for serpinase activity) of alpha-1-antitrypsin degradation by purified neutrophil collagenase was found to be approximately 20 microM, a value similar to the 50% inhibitory concentration of doxycycline required to inhibit collagen degradation by neutrophil collagenase. Doxycycline also efficiently inhibited phorbol myristate acetate-triggered neutrophil-mediated degradation of alpha-1-antitrypsin. This suggests that doxycycline can protect alpha-1-antitrypsin from collagenase and gelatinase in the presence of other proteases and biologically active molecules that are released by triggered neutrophils. The protection of a body's alpha-1-antitrypsin shield from serpinolytic activity of collagenase and matrix metallproteinases can result in inhibition of serine proteases such as neutrophil elastase. Tetracyclines may thus protect matrix constituents from a wider spectrum of neutral proteases than previously recognized, not just from the matrix metalloproteinases collagenase and gelatinase.