gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction and Expression of Mouse-human Chimeric Antibody SZ-51 Specific for Activated Platelet P-selectin (1997)

A murine monoclonal (mAb) SZ-51 specific for human P-selectin may be used for in vivo thrombus imaging and for the targeting of fibrinolytic agents to thrombi. In order to reduce the immunogenicity of the murine mAb SZ-51 in humans, we cloned and sequenced the cDNAs encoding the variable region of mAb SZ-51 in order to develop mouse/human chimeric reagents. The E. coli expression vector pHEN1-SZ51Fab/Hu was constructed by fusing the variable regions of mAb SZ-51 with human IgG gamma 1CH1 and C kappa genes. The constructs were introduced into E. coli HB2151 for expression of soluble chimeric Fab fragment. We also constructed two fusion products by joining the variable regions of mouse antibody to the appropriate constant regions of human Ig gamma 1 and kappa. These chimeras were cloned into two eukaryotic selectable expression vectors separately, which were then contransfected into a non-Ig secreting murine myeloma line SP2/0 with lipofectin reagent. Six cell lines remained positive for Ig secretion. The highest producing cell line, which showed stable integration and expression at 5 mg/l of culture, was selected for the large scale production of chimeric antibody. Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that both of the chimeric antibodies (SZ51Fab/Hu, SZ51/Hu) in the culture supernatants, like the native mAb SZ-51, bind P-selectin. In addition, the whole chimeric antibody can compete for binding to activated platelets with murine SZ-51. Therefore, the SZ-51 chimeric antibody may be a potential agent for diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic diseases in the future.
Metabolic Abnormalities Associated With Postoperative Organ Failure (1983)

We studied metabolic abnormalities of postoperative organ failure in 55 patients and classified them into four groups according to the postoperative changes in the arterial blood-ketone body ratio (acetoacetic acid-beta-hydroxybutyric acid) reflecting hepatic mitochondrial redox potential: patients in group A had no decrease below 0.7, patients in group B had a transient decrease to 0.4, patients in group C had a progressive decrease to below 0.4, and patients in group D (terminal stage) had a decrease to below 0.25. All group A and B patients tolerated their operations well; the group C and D patients had multiple organ failure. In groups B, C, and D, plasma concentrations of alanine, proline, phenylalanine, and tyrosine were negatively correlated with the blood--ketone body ratio and the molar ratios between the plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids were positively correlated with the blood--ketone body ratio. Hepatic energy deficit associated with decreasing blood-ketone body ratio may be the metabolic basis of postoperative organ failure.
Structural and Spectroscopic Studies of Peptoid Oligomers with α-Chiral Aliphatic Side Chains (2003)

Substantial progress has been made in the synthesis and characterization of various oligomeric molecules capable of autonomous folding to well-defined, repetitive secondary structures. It is now possible to investigate sequence-structure relationships and the driving forces for folding in these systems. Here, we present detailed analysis by X-ray crystallography, NMR, and circular dichroism (CD) of the helical structures formed by N-substituted glycine (or "peptoid") oligomers with alpha-chiral, aliphatic side chains. The X-ray crystal structure of a N-(1-cyclohexylethyl)glycine pentamer, the first reported for any peptoid, shows a helix with cis-amide bonds, approximately 3 residues per turn, and a pitch of approximately 6.7 A. The backbone dihedral angles of this pentamer are similar to those of a polyproline type I peptide helix, in agreement with prior modeling predictions. This crystal structure likely represents the major solution conformers, since the CD spectra of analogous peptoid hexamers, dodecamers, and pentadecamers, composed entirely of either (S)-N-(1-cyclohexylethyl)glycine or (S)-N-(sec-butyl)glycine monomers, also have features similar to those of the polyproline type I helix. Furthermore, this crystal structure is similar to a solution NMR structure previously described for a peptoid pentamer comprised of chiral, aromatic side chains, which suggests that peptoids containing either aromatic or aliphatic alpha-chiral side chains adopt fundamentally similar helical structures in solution, despite distinct CD spectra. The elucidation of detailed structural information for peptoid helices with alpha-chiral aliphatic side chains will facilitate the mimicry of biomolecules, such as transmembrane protein domains, in a distinctly stable form.
Human Population: The Next Half Century (2003)

By 2050, the human population will probably be larger by 2 to 4 billion people, more slowly growing (declining in the more developed regions), more urban, especially in less developed regions, and older than in the 20th century. Two major demographic uncertainties in the next 50 years concern international migration and the structure of families. Economies, nonhuman environments, and cultures (including values, religions, and politics) strongly influence demographic changes. Hence, human choices, individual and collective, will have demographic effects, intentional or otherwise.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of DNA mismatch repair gene PMS1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: homology of PMS1 to procaryotic MutL and HexB (1989)

The PMS1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, implicated in DNA mismatch repair in yeast cells (M. S. Williamson, J. C. Game, and S. Fogel, Genetics 110:609-646, 1985), was cloned, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The nucleotide sequence showed a 2,712-base-pair open reading frame; the predicted molecular mass of the deduced protein is 103 kilodaltons. Deletion mutants of the open reading frame were constructed and genetically characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence of the PMS1 gene exhibited homology to those of the mutL gene from Salmonella typhimurium and the hexB gene from Streptococcus pneumoniae, genes required for DNA mismatch repair in these organisms. The homology suggests an evolutionary relationship of DNA mismatch repair in procaryotes and eucaryotes.
Powerline communications systems (2011)

The electric power distribution grid is a medium over which fast and reliable communication services can be provided. Power Line Communications (PLC) systems provide an alternative to wireless communications in the transmission of data within buildings and vehicles. In recent years, increased interest in PLC systems for both commercial and residence applications has resulted in the development of standards for use of the electric power grid as a communications channel conveying messages in addition to power. The types of applications range from simple inexpensive services centered around networked household appliances, where data rates are on the order of kilobits per second, to Internet access via the electrical outlet wall socket, where data rates are on the order of megabits per second. Currently, PLC systems can accommodate high- iii speed networking that includes broadband Internet access, voice over-IP, and the interconnectivity of home entertainment devices. The development of a Power Line Communications system presents a significant challenge for the communications engineer due to the unusual channel characteristics that affect high-speed signal transmission. The electric power grid is designed for, and operated at, 50/60 Hz throughout the world. Furthermore, the topology of a local electric power grid network is often very irregular resulting in significant dispersion of the transmitted message signals. This thesis presents an overview of the major features and characteristics of PLC systems, the fundamental properties of powerline channels, and an analysis of PLC system performance in the presence of realistic powerline channel conditions. The development of a powerline communication system requires detailed knowledge of the electric power grid channel properties, such as the frequency transfer function and the interference processes, in order to choose a suitable transmission method. The noise interference and channel multipath effects are the main impairments to the performance of PLC systems. This thesis presents appropriate channel models for use in the design of PLC systems. In particular, the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of a single-carrier Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) system operating over a multipath channel is analyzed and compared with the performance obtained with a multi-carrier data transmission scheme.
Low Cycle Fatigue of Alloy 617 at 850 °C and 950 °C (2013)

The low cycle fatigue behavior of Alloy 617 has been evaluated at 850 °C and 950 °C, the temperature range of particular interest for the intermediate heat exchanger on a proposed high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor. Cycles to failure were measured as a function of total strain range and varying strain rate. Results of the current experiments compare well with previous work reported in the literature for a similar range of temperatures and strain rate. The combined data demonstrate a Coffin–Manson relationship, although the slope of the Coffin–Manson fit is close to −1 rather than the typically reported value of −0.5. At 850 °C and a strain rate of 10−3 /s Alloy 617 deforms by a plastic flow mechanism in low cycle fatigue and exhibits some cyclic hardening. At 950 °C for strain rates of 10−3–10−5 /s, Alloy 617 deforms by a solute drag creep mechanism during low cycle fatigue and does not show significant cyclic hardening or softening. At this temperature the strain rate has little influence on the cycles to failure for the strain ranges tested.
The Council of Europe and the Reduction of Statelessness (2006)

The Council of Europe and the Reduction of Statelessness Get access Roland Schärer Roland Schärer Head, Swiss Nationality Section, Federal Office for Migration, Bern, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Refugee Survey Quarterly, Volume 25, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 33–39, https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdi0144 Published: 01 September 2006
Synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1‐f][1,2,4]triazine congeners of nucleic acid purines via the N‐amination of 2‐substituted pyrroles (1994)

Abstract The synthesis of several new 4‐mono‐ and 2,4‐disubstituted pyrrolo[2,1‐ f ][1,2,4]triazines is described. Key 1‐aminopyrrole‐2‐carbonitrile intermediates 3 and 15 were obtained by N ‐amination of the corresponding pyrrole‐2‐carboxaldehyde followed by CHO → CN conversion with either hydroxylamine‐ O ‐sulfonic acid for 3 or O ‐mesitylenesulfonylhydroxylamine for 15. Cyclization of 3 or 15 with a variety of amidine reagents or, after conversion of 3 to its corresponding amide, base‐catalyzed annulation completed the synthesis of the title products.
Flare-up of antigen-induced arthritis in mice after challenge with intravenous antigen: effects of pre-treatment with cobra venom factor and anti-lymphocyte serum. (1984)

Intravenous injection of methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) into mice with unilateral chronic mBSA-induced arthritis (AIA) causes a flare-up of the joint inflammation without affecting the contralateral non-arthritic knee joint. We studied the mechanism of the flare-up by decomplementation with cobra venom factor (CoVF) and by treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) prior to the induction of the flare-up. Treatment of mice with CoVF had no effect on the induction of the flare-up reaction whereas a reversed passive Arthus reaction (RPA) in the ear of similarly treated mice was clearly suppressed. The complement activity in the serum was zero at 2 h after CoVF treatment and remained for 24 h. This indicates that this type of flare-up reaction is not complement-dependent. On the other hand, the flare-up reaction was completely abolished after treatment with ALS. Control experiments revealed that ALS treatment diminished the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and clearly suppressed a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in the ear, but had no effect on an RPA. These results suggest an important role of T lymphocytes in the mechanism of the flare-up of arthritis. T lymphocytes were demonstrated in the synovial tissue of chronically inflamed joints by immunofluorescence and appeared to be diminished after ALS treatment. Interaction between exogenous antigen and antigen reactive T lymphocytes present in chronically inflamed joints, may be an important principle in the exacerbation and propagation of joint inflammation.
Identification of antibody responses induced in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) treated with a GM-CSF-transduced allogeneic prostate cancer immunotherapy (2007)

4139 In a Phase 2 study of GVAX immunotherapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer (Study G-0010), patients were immunized with two allogeneic prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) genetically modified to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Immunotherapy activity at the dose currently employed in an on-going phase III study was demonstrated by both biochemical and radiologic endpoints and treated patients displayed an estimated median survival time that compared favorably to that published for docetaxel chemotherapy, the standard of care for these patients (2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Prostate Cancer Symposium, San Francisco, CA, Abstract 254). We have evaluated prostate cancer immunotherapy-derived antibody responses in patients displaying a survival advantage using serological analysis of gene expression (SEREX) technology to identify cellular proteins eliciting antibody responses following immunotherapy. Lambda gt11 phage expression libraries were generated from LNCaP and PC-3 cells and were immuno-screened with sera from 8 patients post-immunotherapy. Immuno-reactive phage clones were identified by sequencing and then screened with pre-treatment sera to determine antibody responses that were specifically induced upon immunotherapy treatment. Induced antibody responses were then examined in an expanded cohort of GVAX-treated patients (n=14) to determine frequency and selectivity. From this analysis we identified 40 LNCaP/PC-3 derived-proteins to which 2 or more patients from the 14 examined had an induced antibody response. Following immunotherapy, induced antibody responses observed at high frequency included patient IgG recognizing PC-3 derived human leukocyte antigen A24 (HLA-A24; 62% of patients), the actin-binding protein filamin B (actin binding protein 278; 58%) and NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) (NSFL1C; 50%). Twenty antigens from this list of high-frequency antibody responses were then selected for ELISA development to allow quantification of response in a high-through put manner. Using patient sera from G-0010 and an earlier phase 2 clinical trial of GVAX immunotherapy in HRPC patients (Study G-9803; Simons J et al. (2006) Clin Cancer Res. 12:3394-401) we examined antibody induction following GVAX prostate immunotherapy treatment to the high frequency antigens by ELISA analysis. Results from this analysis will be presented, in addition to correlation of response to clinical response parameters.
Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator with potential therapeutic properties in obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus (2009)

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a novel metabolic regulator produced primarily by the liver that exerts potent antidiabetic and lipid-lowering effects in animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This hormone contributes to body weight regulation and is strongly involved in the response to nutritional deprivation and ketogenic state in mice. The principal sites of metabolic actions of FGF21 are adipose tissue, liver and pancreas. Experimental studies have shown marked improvements in diabetes compensation and dyslipidemia after FGF21 administration in diabetic mice and primates. Positive metabolic actions of FGF21 without the presence of apparent side effects make this factor a hot candidate to treat type 2 diabetes and accompanying metabolic diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the metabolic effects of FGF21 including some preliminary data on changes of its levels in humans with a special emphasis on its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. I. Summary of the current concepts of the mechanisms of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. (1991)

Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia that is frequently resistant to medical therapy and has no satisfactory surgical therapy. The development of an effective surgical procedure to treat atrial fibrillation has been hampered by the paucity of clinically relevant information on the basic mechanisms responsible for the arrhythmia. This paper summarizes the current concepts of the electrophysiologic abnormalities in atrial flutter and fibrillation.
IL-21 and IL-21 receptor in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (2015)

Cytokines are considered important factors in the modulation of various immune responses. Among them, interleukin (IL)-21 is one of the major immune modulators, adjusting various immune responses by affecting various immune cells. It has been suggested that IL-21 may enhance autoimmunity through different mechanisms, such as development and activation of helper T (TH)-17 and follicular helper T (TFH) cells, activation of natural killer (NK) cells, enhancing B-cell differentiation and antibody secretion and suppression of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Moreover, IL-21 has also been suggested to be an inducer of autoimmunity when following treatment of MS patients with some therapeutics such as alemtuzumab. This review will seek to clarify the precise role of IL-21/IL-21R in the pathogenesis of MS and, in its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
AIDS in Haiti. (1989)

The first cases of AIDS in Haiti were recognized in 1978-1979, a period that coincides with the earliest reports of AIDS in the United States. Current data are consistent with the hypothesis that AIDS originated in Africa, came to the United States and Europe, and subsequently was introduced into Haiti by either tourists or returning Haitians. The seroprevalence of HIV among healthy sexually active adults in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, is approximately 10%. This rate of HIV infection is threefold that observed in rural areas. The highest prevalence rates were observed in female prostitutes (53%) and in the male and female spouses of AIDS patients (55%). The types of opportunistic infections and the clinical course in Haitians with AIDS were similar in many respects to those in patients with AIDS in the United States. Important differences were noted in the prevalence of specific opportunistic pathogens in Haiti. It resembled observations on these infections in Africa. During the past 4 years, there has been a progressive decrease in the percent of patients reporting bisexuality and blood transfusions, and an increase in those reporting either a spouse with antecedent AIDS, prostitution, or none of the aforementioned activities. In 1986, heterosexual transmission probably accounted for over 70% of AIDS cases.
Wavelength-swept fiber laser with frequency shifted feedback and resonantly swept intra-cavity acoustooptic tunable filter (1997)

This paper concerns a wavelength-swept fiber laser (WSFL) incorporating frequency shifted feedback and an intracavity passband filter, in which the wavelength of the modeless output is linearly, continuously and repeatedly tuned (in time) over a given range by modulation of the filter peak wavelength and filter strength. We show both numerically and experimentally that amplifier noise plays a key role in determining the operation of frequency-shifted fiber laser systems and that a "noisy" amplifier can be used to suppress the natural tendency of such lasers to pulse, allowing for continuous wave, modeless operation. Furthermore, we show that significant narrowing of a WSFL instantaneous swept linewidth can be obtained if the filter peak transmission wavelength is resonantly swept so as to follow the wavelength shift per pass due to the acoustooptic frequency shift. Using these ideas we go on to demonstrate and characterize a high-power diode-driven Er/sup 3+//Yb/sup 3+/ WSFL incorporating a bulk-optic acoustooptic tunable filter (AOTF). Linewidths as narrow as 9 GHz, sweep ranges up to 38 nm and output powers as high as 100 mW are obtained. Furthermore, we demonstrate the generation of user definable average spectral output by synchronous modulation of the filter strength and multiwavelength pulsed output at higher sweep rates. Excellent agreement between the experimental results and those of the numerical modeling is obtained. Our simulations show that reduced linewidth (<0.02 nm) and improved scan linearity should be readily achievable with realistic system improvements. We believe such sources to be of considerable physical and practical interest, with applications ranging from sensor array monitoring and device characterization through to low-coherence interferometry.
CTLA4 Blockade Maximizes Antitumor T-Cell Activation by Dendritic Cells Presenting Idiotype Protein or Opsonized Anti-CD20 Antibody-Coated Lymphoma Cells (2002)

CTLA4 is a negative regulator of the costimulatory signals induced by the interaction of CD28 on T cells and B7 on dendritic cells (DCs). Antibodies (Abs) against CTLA4 can block its function and increase the activation of T cells primed to recognize antigens. The effect of CTLA4 blockade on the cross-presentation of tumor antigens by DCs to T cells was examined. Immune T cells and DC precursors were collected from patients receiving idiotype protein-pulsed DC vaccines, exposed to antigen, and examined for antitumor activity by measuring intracellular cytokine production by FACS. Idiotype-specific activation occurred in CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell populations and was up to 58 fold higher with CTLA4 blockade. These T cells could be expanded quickly and maintained tumor cytolytic activity. T-cell responses to whole tumor cell-pulsed DCs were then examined. DCs contain Fc receptors and efficiently phagocytose lymphoma cells when coated with opsonizing anti-CD20 Abs. Within a few hours, DCs ingested tumor cells and labeled proteins were observed in the cytoplasm. When anti-CD20 Ab-coated tumor-pulsed DCs were used in combination with CTLA4 blockade, up to 15 fold higher activation of Id-specific CD8+ and 3 fold higher CD4+ T cells resulted. Thus, CTLA4 blockade can enhance the measurement of Ag-specific T-cell responses and the expansion of T cells for clinical studies. In addition, the combination of CTLA4 blockade and Ab targeting of tumor to DCs is an effective method for the cross-presentation of tumor cell antigens.
Antibody Responses to Haemophilus influenzae Type b and Diphtheria Toxin Induced by Conjugates of Oligosaccharides of the Type b Capsule with the Nontoxic Protein CRM 197 (1983)

Oligosaccharides were made from Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide and conjugated to CRM(197) by reductive amination. Conjugates were made with a range of lengths and multiplicities of saccharide chains. All elicited a strongly enhanced anti-H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide response when injected into weanling rabbits. One series of conjugates also elicited antibodies to diphtheria toxin.