gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-Slate: A Multi-Touch and Object Recognition System for Remote Collaboration using Horizontal Surfaces (2007)

We introduce C-Slate, a new vision-based system, which utilizes stereo cameras above a commercially available tablet technology to support remote collaboration. The horizontally mounted tablet provides the user with high resolution stylus input, which is augmented by multi-touch interaction and recognition of untagged everyday physical objects using new stereo vision and machine learning techniques. This provides a novel and interesting interactive tabletop arrangement, capable of supporting a variety of fluid multi-touch interactions, including symmetric and asymmetric bimanual input, coupled with the potential for incorporating tangible objects into the user interface. When used in a remote context, these features are combined with the ability to see visual representations of remote users' hands and remote physical objects placed on top of the surface. This combination of bimanual and tangible interaction and sharing of remote gestures and physical objects provides a new way to collaborate remotely, complementing existing channels such as audio and video conferencing.
Effects of Acidic and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factors on Osteoblastic Cells (1989)

Acidic (a) and basic (b) fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are two related mitogenic and angiogenic factors. They are multifunctional in that they can affect proliferation and induce or delay differentiation. Both aFGF and bFGF were shown to stimulate proliferation of calvaria cells in situ as well as osteoblast-enriched calvaria-derived cells. bFGF was also found to suppress the expression of alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone stimulatable adenylate cyclase, osteocalcin, and type I collagen in the osteoblastic ROS 17/2.8 cells. To explore a possible role for guanine nucleotide binding proteins we assessed the effects of pertussis toxin (PT) on FGF action. PT had opposite effects to those of bFGF on all parameters examined.
Osteopontin: a protein with diverse functions (1993)

In this review most of the various known, suspected, or postulated functions of osteopontin, a secreted highly acidic phosphoprotein, are discussed in terms of what we currently know about the protein. These include 1) binding of OPN both to cells via a GRGDS cell adhesion sequence that recognizes the alpha v beta 3 integrin and to extracellular matrix components via poorly characterized motifs, 2) regulation of the formation and remodeling of mineralized tissue, 3) recruiting and stimulating macrophages and lymphocytes as part of a nonspecific response to microbial infections, 4) multiple interactions with Ca2+ that likely influence OPN protein conformation and may be important in Ca(2+)-mediated or Ca(2+)-dependent processes, 5) inhibiting the growth of calcium oxalate crystals by disruption of the growing crystal lattice, 6) effects on gene expression, Ca2+ regulation, and nitric oxide production, and 7) involvement in cell migration. OPN production is frequently augmented when cell signaling pathways are activated by any of a variety of stimuli, for example in cancer cells.
The path of the smart grid (2010)

Exciting yet challenging times lie ahead. The electrical power industry is undergoing rapid change. The rising cost of energy, the mass electrification of everyday life, and climate change are the major drivers that will determine the speed at which such transformations will occur. Regardless of how quickly various utilities embrace smart grid concepts, technologies, and systems, they all agree onthe inevitability of this massive transformation. It is a move that will not only affect their business processes but also their organization and technologies.
Prediction of the Coding Sequences of Unidentified Human Genes. XI. The Complete Sequences of 100 New cDNA Clones from Brain Which Code for Large Proteins in vitro (1998)

In our series of projects for accumulating sequence information on the coding sequences of unidentified human genes, we have newly determined the sequences of 100 cDNA clones from a set of size-fractionated human brain cDNA libraries, and predicted the coding sequences of the corresponding genes, named KIAA0711 to KIAA0810. These cDNA clones were selected according to their coding potentials of large proteins (50 kDa and more) in vitro. The average sizes of the inserts and corresponding open reading frames were 4.3 kb and 2.6 kb (869 amino acid residues), respectively. Sequence analyses against the public databases indicated that the predicted coding sequences of 78 genes were similar to those of known genes, 64% of which (50 genes) were categorized as proteins functionally related to cell signaling/communication, cell structure/motility and nucleic acid management. As additional information concerning genes characterized in this study, the chromosomal locations of the clones were determined by using human-rodent hybrid panels and the expression profiles among 10 human tissues were examined by reverse transcription-coupled polymerase chain reaction which was substantially improved by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
The MUC13 cell-surface mucin protects against intestinal inflammation by inhibiting epithelial cell apoptosis (2011)

These novel findings indicate a protective role for Muc13 in the colonic epithelium by inhibiting toxin-induced apoptosis and have important implications for intestinal infections, inflammatory diseases and the development of intestinal cancer.
Cytocompatibility of regenerated silk fibroin film: a medical biomaterial applicable to wound healing (2010)

The regenerated silk fibroin film should be an excellent biomaterial with good cytocompatibility, providing a framework for reparation after trauma in clinical applications.
Structure/Function Relationships of CCR8 Agonists and Antagonists (2006)

We describe here the interactions of CCR8 with its ligands using both CCR8 transfectants and a T-cell line expressing the receptor endogenously. Of the CCR8 agonists reported previously, only CCL1 and vMIP-I exhibited potency in assays of intracellular calcium flux, chemotaxis, and receptor internalization, this latter mechanism being dependent upon the expression of beta-arrestins 1 and 2 but independent of Galpha(i) signaling. NH(2)-terminal extension of the mature CCL1 sequence by a serine residue (Ser-CCL1) resulted in a partial agonist with a reduced affinity for CCR8, suggesting that the NH(2) terminus of the ligand plays a role in ligand binding to an intrahelical site. Attempts to identify key residues within this site revealed that the conserved glutamic acid residue in transmembrane helix 7, Glu-286, is crucial for trafficking of the receptor to the cell surface, while Asp-97 of transmembrane helix 2 is dispensable. CCL7 was found to inhibit both Ser-CCL1 and vMIP-I responses but not those of CCL1 itself. Similarly, vMIP-I responses were more than 2 orders of magnitude more sensitive to the specific CCR8 antagonist MC148 than those induced by CCL1, which is difficult to reconcile with the reported affinities for the receptor. Collectively, these data suggest that the CCR8 ligands are allotropic, binding to distinct sites within CCR8 and that the human immune system may have evolved to use CCL7 as a selective antagonist of viral chemokine activity at CCR8 but not those of the host ligand.
Efficacy and safety field trials of a recombinant DNA vaccine against feline leukemia virus infection (1991)

A new recombinant gp70 vaccine was found to be safe and effective for prevention of infection by FeLV. The vaccine incorporates a unique purified saponin adjuvant with the recombinant antigen. Serious systemic reactions were not observed during the efficacy trial. Local reactions were transient and mild. More than 2,000 doses were administered to a cross section of household cats in a field safety trial. Only 1 cat had hypersensitivity reaction, which resolved. Among veterinarians who used the vaccine and the cat owners, the vaccine was judged satisfactory and safe. After rigorous intraperitoneal challenge exposure without use of immunosuppressants, 100% of the controls in the efficacy trial became infected, 70% of which remained persistently infected with FeLV. Among vaccinates, 45% were never viremic and 40% cleared transient infection within 12 weeks after challenge exposure. Of the 20 vaccinated cats, 3 were persistently infected. Overall, 85% of cats vaccinated with this recombinant DNA FeLV vaccine resisted persistent FeLV infection after stringent challenge exposure, which translates to preventable fraction of 78.6%.
Chemopreventive effects of carotenoids and curcumins on mouse colon carcinogenesis after 1,2-dimethylhydrazine initiation (1998)

The present study was carried out to examine the chemopreventive effects of carotenoids such as fucoxanthin, lycopene and lutein as well as curcumin and its derivative, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), on development of putative preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colons of mice initiated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH). Influence on proliferation of colonic crypt epithelial cells was also assessed in terms of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Five-week-old B6C3F1 male mice were divided into three groups, groups 1 and 2 being given DMH (20 mg/kg body wt, s.c.) twice a week for 3 weeks. Animals of group 1 were then treated with one of the test compounds, lycopene (0.005% and 0.0025%) or fucoxanthin (0.01%) in the drinking water and lutein (0.05%), curcumin (0.5%) or THC (0.5% and 0.2%) in the diet from weeks 5-12. Group 2 served as a carcinogen alone control and group 3 mice were given test compounds alone. All animals were killed at week 12. Numbers of ACF/mouse in the group 1 treated with fucoxanthin (47.1 +/- 13.7), lutein (42.6 +/- 19.6) or 0.5% THC (46.6 +/- 17.7) were significantly decreased as compared to the control group 2 value (63.3 +/- 19.4) (P < 0.01). Numbers of aberrant crypts (ACs)/mouse were also significantly lower after treatment with lutein (79.9 +/- 34.7) or 0.5% THC (81.8 +/- 32.5) than in the control group (115.1 +/- 37.1) (P < 0.01). BrdU labeling indices (LI) in mice treated with lutein and 0.5% THC were significantly decreased in both upper and lower half compartments of colonic crypts as compared to the controls (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively), especially the upper half data corresponding to reduction of ACs/mouse. The results thus suggest that fucoxanthin, lutein, and THC may have potential as chemopreventive agents against colon carcinogenesis.
GAMMA EMITTING ANALOGS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS. Progress Report. (1972)

of plaque size. Gamma radiation inactivation data indicated the essential exponential nature of the inactivation rate curves and showed no significant differences in the slopes of the HA heat- sensitive and HA heat-resistant pairs. The combined data establishing the heat and radiation inactivation characteristics of paired substrains of the Newcastle disease virus pointed to a definition of the nature of the structural aspects of the virus associated with its thermostability. Similarities observed in the radiation-sensitive volumes of the infective property added additional evidence that the size of the structures associated with the iHective process are similar. The HA heat-resistant substrains were found to be slightly more pathogenic thsn their HA heat-sensitive counterparts. (M.C.G.)
Induction of immunity against human cytomegalovirus. (2004)

Most healthy individuals have been exposed to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and harbor the virus in a dormant form. However, in situations of immune compromise, HCMV infection is associated with high mortality rates in recipients of bone marrow transplants and with significant morbidity in recipients of solid organ transplants. Conventional vaccination with attenuated HCMV or HCMV proteins fails to prime protective immune responses, presumably because the antigens fail to be presented effectively in vivo. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells that can be genetically engineered to direct their ability to induce immune responses toward immunodominant HCMV antigens. DC are a distinct lineage of leukocytes whose function is most notable for their ability to form clusters with T cells and stimulate vigorous cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. We hypothesize that in this capacity, DC engineered to express HCMV antigens are uniquely positioned to control immunity against HCMV.
Phosphorus ion shower implantation for special power IC applications (2000)

Ion shower implantation (ISI) shows advantages of both ion implantation and plasma immersion doping and is, therefore, a promising alternative doping method for high dose and low energy implants. Applications of ion shower implantation to power electronics are demonstrated in this paper with special emphasis to low sheet- and contact resistance resulting in improved performance compared to conventional implantation.
Actin Polymerization and ATP Hydrolysis (1987)

F-actin is the major component of muscle thin filaments and, more generally, of the microfilaments of the dynamic, multifunctional cytoskeletal systems of nonmuscle eukaryotic cells. Polymeric F-actin is formed by reversible noncovalent self-association of monomeric G-actin. To understand the dynamics of microfilament systems in cells, the dynamics of polymerization of pure actin must be understood. The following model has emerged from recent work. During the polymerization process, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) that is bound to G-actin is hydrolyzed to adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) that is bound to F-actin. The hydrolysis reaction occurs on the F-actin subsequent to the polymerization reaction in two steps: cleavage of ATP followed by the slower release of inorganic phosphate (Pi). As a result, at high rates of filament growth a transient cap of ATP-actin subunits exists at the ends of elongating filaments, and at steady state a stabilizing cap of ADP.Pi-actin subunits exists at the barbed ends of filaments. Cleavage of ATP results in a highly stable filament with bound ADP.Pi, and release of Pi destabilizes the filament. Thus these two steps of the hydrolytic reaction provide potential mechanisms for regulating the monomer-polymer transition.
Seminal vesicle-secreted proteins and their reactions during gelation and liquefaction of human semen. (1987)

The comparison of measurements of fibronectin and lactoferrin in ejaculates from vasectomized men, subjects with functional deficiency or aplasia of the seminal vesicles, and reference subjects provided evidence that both the fibronectin and the lactoferrin in human seminal fluid originate from the seminal vesicles and the ampullae. The fibronectin is incorporated in the framework of the seminal gel formed during the immediate postejaculatory phase, whereas the lactoferrin remains in solution. In the seminal gel fibronectin is linked to its predominant structural protein, a high molecular weight seminal vesicle protein (semenogelin). Both the gel-bound fibronectin and semenogelin are progressively fragmented and solubilized by the abundant prostatic kallikrein-like protease (prostate-specific antigen) during and after seminal gel liquefaction. Lactoferrin remains essentially unaffected by the seminal proteases.
6-Azasteroids: Structure-Activity Relationships for Inhibition of Type 1 and 2 Human 5.alpha.-Reductase and Human Adrenal 3.beta.-Hydroxy-.DELTA.5-steroid Dehydrogenase/3-Keto-.DELTA.5-steroid Isomerase (1994)

6-Azaandrost-4-en-3-ones were synthesized and tested versus human type 1 and 2 steroid 5 alpha-reductase (5AR) and human adrenal 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase/3-keto-delta 5-steroid isomerase (3BHSD) to explore the structure-activity relationship of this novel series in order to optimize potency versus both isozymes of 5AR and selectivity versus 3BHSD. Compounds with picomolar IC50's versus human type 2 5AR and low nanomolar Ki's versus human type 1 5AR with 100-fold selectivity versus 3BHSD were identified (70). Preliminary in vivo evaluation of some optimal compounds from this series in a chronic castrated rat model of 5AR inhibitor-induced prostate involution and dog pharmacokinetic measurements identified a series of 17 beta-[N-(diphenylmethyl)carbamoyl]-6-azaandrost-4-en-3-ones (compounds 54, 66, and 67) with good in vivo efficacy and half-life in the dog. Inhibitors with, at the minimum, low nanomolar potency toward both human 5AR's and selectivity versus 3BHSD may show advantages over previously known 5AR inhibitors in the treatment of disease states which depend upon dihydrotestosterone, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Targeted delivery of proteins across the blood–brain barrier (2007)

Treatment of many neuronal degenerative disorders will require delivery of a therapeutic protein to neurons or glial cells across the whole CNS. The presence of the blood-brain barrier hampers the delivery of these proteins from the blood, thus necessitating a new method for delivery. Receptors on the blood-brain barrier bind ligands to facilitate their transport to the CNS; therefore, we hypothesized that by targeting these receptors, we may be able to deliver proteins to the CNS for therapy. Here, we report the use of the lentivirus vector system to deliver the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase and a secreted form of GFP to the neurons and astrocytes in the CNS. We fused the low-density lipoprotein receptor-binding domain of the apolipoprotein B to the targeted protein. This approach proved to be feasible for delivery of the protein and could possibly be used as a general method for delivery of therapeutic proteins to the CNS.
A Theoretical Model of Overpotential at Interfaces in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2015)

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) have recently attracted considerable attention as a promising clean energy source. In the present study, we develop a theoretical model for the overpotential in PEFCs. Protons with sufficient kinetic energy to overcome the potential barrier can pass through the interfaces. They then converge to a constant current, dissipating their kinetic energy. In particular, inelastic collisions of protons at electrode-electrolyte interfaces are considered to be the dominant cause of overvoltage. This model based on the assumptions above differs from conventional continuum models. The effects of potential barriers at interfaces, proton concentrations, temperature, and mass on the voltage loss are clarified by a parameter study. To verify this model, we prepare two different membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) that have different interface conditions and measure their current-voltage characteristics. As a result, substantial voltage losses from the MEA with the poorer quality interfaces are observed. Theoretical evaluations of the overvoltage are in good agreement with the experimental results. The present results imply that it is essential to control interface conditions to achieve high proton conduction.
Effect of pentoxifylline on the ischemic rat kidney monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy in vivo. (1988)

The effect of pentoxifylline on the recovery of renal energy metabolism after ischemia and reperfusion was studied by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo. Rat kidneys were exposed to 15, 30 and 60 min, respectively, of ischemia by clamping the arteria renalis. Pre-ischemic application of pentoxifylline improves the recovery of renal energy metabolism. The concentration of ATP was found to be higher in pentoxifylline pretreated kidneys than in controls after ischemia. The 5'-nucleotidase inhibiting activity of pentoxifylline is suggested to be the mechanism responsible for the protective effect of the drug. 31P NMR spectroscopy proved to be a powerful tool for continuous follow-up of drug effects on metabolic processes.
Noninvasive glucose monitoring using saliva nano-biosensor (2015)

Millions of people worldwide live with diabetes and several millions die from it each year. A noninvasive, painless method of glucose testing would highly improve compliance and glucose control while reducing complications and overall disease management costs. To provide accurate, low cost, and continuous glucose monitoring, we have developed a unique, disposable saliva nano-biosensor. More than eight clinical trials on real-time noninvasive salivary glucose monitoring were carried out on two healthy individuals (a 2–3 h-period for each trial, including both regular food and standard glucose beverage intake with more than 35 saliva samples obtained). Excellent clinical accuracy was revealed as compared to the UV Spectrophotometer. By measuring subjects’ salivary glucose and blood glucose in parallel, we found the two generated profiles share the same fluctuation trend but the correlation between them is individual dependent. There is a time lag between the peak glucose values from blood and from saliva. However, the correlation between the two glucose values at fasting is constant for each person enabling noninvasive diagnosis of diabetes through saliva instead of blood. Furthermore, a good correlation of glucose levels in saliva and in blood before and 2 h after glucose intake was observed. Glucose monitoring before and 2 h after meals is usually prescribed by doctors for diabetic patients. Thus, this disposable biosensor will be an alternative for real-time salivary glucose tracking at any time.
Increased Hypothalamic Content of Preproneuropeptide Y Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Genetically Obese Zucker Rats and Its Regulation by Food Deprivation* (1990)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent orexigenic agent capable of producing hyperphagia and obesity. NPY-containing neurons project from the hypothalmic arcuate nucleus to the paraventricular nucleus, an area known to be sensitive to the orexigenic effects of NPY. In this study we investigated the possibility that preproNPY messenger RNA (mRNA) content may be altered in obese Zucker rats compared to that of their lean littermates. Total RNA was isolated from hypothalamic dissections from male and female, obese and lean Zucker rats. RNA was also isolated from dissections of: olfactory bulb, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of female obese and lean rats. PreproNPY mRNA content was determined by solution hybridization-RNase protection analysis. The results revealed a 2- to 3-fold increase in preproNPY mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of obese animals compared to lean. The increase was observed in both sexes and was specific to the hypothalamus. In situ hybridization localized this increase to the arcuate nucleus. An additional RNase protection study was pursued to investigate the effects of 72 h food deprivation on hypothalamic preproNPY mRNA levels in lean and obese animals. Lean animals displayed an approximate 2-fold increase in preproNPY mRNA content, whereas obese animals showed no significant increase after food deprivation. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that NPY projections within the hypothalamus are involved in regulating feeding behavior and weight gain, and that disturbed regulation of hypothalamic NPY expression may play a role in the etiology of obesity in the genetically obese Zucker rat.