gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinctive activation mechanisms and functions for protein kinase Cδ (2004)

PKCdelta (protein kinase Cdelta) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in growth regulation and tissue remodelling. Traditional models of PKC activation have focused on lipid cofactors and anchoring proteins that localize the active conformation of PKCdelta to membranes, in close proximity with its target substrates. However, recent studies identify a distinct mode for PKCdelta activation involving tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family kinases. The tyrosine-phosphorylated form of PKCdelta (which accumulates in the soluble fraction of cells exposed to oxidant stress) displays lipid-independent kinase activity and is uniquely positioned to phosphorylate target substrates throughout the cell (not just on lipid membranes). This review summarizes (1) recent progress towards understanding structure-activity relationships for PKCdelta, with a particular focus on the stimuli that induce (and the distinct functional consequences that result from) tyrosine phosphorylation events in PKCdelta's regulatory, hinge and catalytic domains; (2) current concepts regarding the role of tyrosine phosphorylation as a mechanism to regulate PKCdelta localization and actions in mitochondrial and nuclear compartments; and (3) recent literature delineating distinct roles for PKCdelta (relative to other PKC isoforms) in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and programmed cell death (including studies in PKCdelta-/- mice that implicate PKCdelta in immune function and cardiovascular remodelling). Collectively, these studies argue that the conventional model for PKCdelta activation must be broadened to allow for stimulus-specific differences in PKCdelta signalling during growth factor stimulation and oxidant stress.
A mimotope defined by phage display inhibits IgE binding to the plant panallergen profilin (1998)

Birch pollen and mugwort pollen allergies are often associated with hypersensitivity to plant foods. This clinical and serological cross-reactivity is mediated by IgE antibodies reacting with homologous proteins in pollen and food. Cross-reacting homologs of the important birch pollen allergen Bet v 2 (profilin) could be detected in other pollen, fruits, nuts, and vegetables, such as celery tuber. We purified IgG/IgE antibodies from the serum of an exclusively profilin-allergic patient using affinity columns either coupled with protein extracts from mugwort pollen, birch pollen, or celery tuber. Constrained and unconstrained random nonapeptide libraries were pooled and screened with the anti-profilin antibody preparations to define cross-reactive ligands. Specific ligands were enriched by successive panning rounds using the profilin-specific antibodies in series. After the last panning round enriched phage clones were screened with purified profilin-specific antibodies and IgE-binding clones were sequenced. Five out of eight positive clones (62.5 %) displayed the same circular peptide CAISGGYPVC. This peptide was synthesized and examined for its ability to inhibit IgE binding to blotted mugwort pollen, birch pollen, or celery tuber profilin. Inhibition studies showed reduction of IgE binding to profilins in all three protein extracts. As the sequence of the mimotope did not show any homology to the known birch profilin sequence this peptide is considered to mimic a common conformational IgE epitope for these examined profilins.
Parallel computing in information retrieval – an updated review (1997)

The progress of parallel computing in Information Retrieval (IR) is reviewed. In particular we stress the importance of the motivation in using parallel computing for text retrieval. We analyse parallel IR systems using a classification defined by Rasmussen and describe some parallel IR systems. We give a description of the retrieval models used in parallel information processing. We describe areas of research which we believe are needed.
Conserved role of SIRT1 orthologs in fasting-dependent inhibition of the lipid/cholesterol regulator SREBP (2010)

The sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factor family is a critical regulator of lipid and sterol homeostasis in eukaryotes. In mammals, SREBPs are highly active in the fed state to promote the expression of lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes and facilitate fat storage. During fasting, SREBP-dependent lipid/cholesterol synthesis is rapidly diminished in the mouse liver; however, the mechanism has remained incompletely understood. Moreover, the evolutionary conservation of fasting regulation of SREBP-dependent programs of gene expression and control of lipid homeostasis has been unclear. We demonstrate here a conserved role for orthologs of the NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 in metazoans in down-regulation of SREBP orthologs during fasting, resulting in inhibition of lipid synthesis and fat storage. Our data reveal that SIRT1 can directly deacetylate SREBP, and modulation of SIRT1 activity results in changes in SREBP ubiquitination, protein stability, and target gene expression. In addition, chemical activators of SIRT1 inhibit SREBP target gene expression in vitro and in vivo, correlating with decreased hepatic lipid and cholesterol levels and attenuated liver steatosis in diet-induced and genetically obese mice. We conclude that SIRT1 orthologs play a critical role in controlling SREBP-dependent gene regulation governing lipid/cholesterol homeostasis in metazoans in response to fasting cues. These findings may have important biomedical implications for the treatment of metabolic disorders associated with aberrant lipid/cholesterol homeostasis, including metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis.
Mechanism of action of lenalidomide in hematological malignancies (2009)

Immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide are synthetic compounds derived by modifying the chemical structure of thalidomide to improve its potency and reduce its side effects. Lenalidomide is a 4-amino-glutamyl analogue of thalidomide that lacks the neurologic side effects of sedation and neuropathy and has emerged as a drug with activity against various hematological and solid malignancies. It is approved by FDA for clinical use in myelodysplastic syndromes with deletion of chromosome 5q and multiple myeloma. Lenalidomide has been shown to be an immunomodulator, affecting both cellular and humoral limbs of the immune system. It has also been shown to have anti-angiogenic properties. Newer studies demonstrate its effects on signal transduction that can partly explain its selective efficacy in subsets of MDS. Even though the exact molecular targets of lenalidomide are not well known, its activity across a spectrum of neoplastic conditions highlights the possibility of multiple target sites of action.
Rhetorical Structure Theory: looking back and moving ahead (2006)

Rhetorical Structure Theory has enjoyed continuous attention since its origins in the 1980s. It has been applied, compared to other approaches, and also criticized in a number of areas in discourse analysis, theoretical linguistics, psycholinguistics, and computational linguistics. In this article, we review some of the discussions about the theory itself, especially addressing issues of the reliability of analyses and psychological validity, together with a discussion of the nature of text relations. We also propose areas for further research. A follow-up article (Taboada and Mann, forthcoming) will discuss applications of the theory in various fields.
Latanoprost and clinically significant cystoid macular edema after uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (2002)

his retrospective study shows a clinical association between latanoprost use and postoperative CME after uneventful phacoemulsification. Given the absence of other coexisting risk factors for CME, this series suggests latanoprost is a significant etiologic factor for the development of postoperative CME.
Mediation of nonerosive arthritis in a mouse model of lupus by interferon‐α–stimulated monocyte differentiation that is nonpermissive of osteoclastogenesis (2010)

These findings suggest that IFNalpha in SLE shifts monocyte development toward myeloid DCs at the expense of osteoclastogenesis, thereby resulting in decreased bone erosion.
The subfamilial and tribal classification of the family Asclepiadaceae (1996)

A modified classification of the family Asclepiadaceae R. Br.s.s. into three tribes — Secamoneae, Asclepiadeaes.l. and Stapelieaes.l. — is proposed. The position of attachment of the caudicles to the pollinia is suggested as a criterion for defining the erect and pendulous stature of the pollinaria. The concept of the transverse stature of pollinaria has been abandoned. In addition to the stature of the pollinaria, the morphology of the anther sacs (whether or not embedded in the tissue of the anther wings) and the position of anther wings with respect to the anther sacs are suggested as supplementary characters for tribal classification of the family. The characters of the gynoecium, particularly the presence or absence of true styles and the sharp constriction between stigma-head and ovaries (i.e. clavuncular morphology) have also been suggested as useful in differentiating Asclepiadeaes.l. and Stapelieaes.l., along with the stature of the pollinaria. The circumscription of Asclepiadeae is emended to accommodate taxa of the former tribe Gonolobeae as a subtribe. The circumscription of Stapelieae has been retained in a wider sense, as suggested by Decaisne (1844). The tribes Fockeeae Kunze, Liede & Meve (1994), Marsdenieae Benth. (1876), Ceropegieae Benth. (1876), and Stapelieaes.s.sensuBenth. (1876; non Decne., 1844) have been relegated to subtribe status in the tribe Stapelieae Decne. (1844). Homology of the different parts of the gynoecium in the Asclepiadeae (s.l.) with those in the Stapelieae (s.l.) has been drawn. Segments of the style have been distinguished into ‘true style’ and ‘pseudostyle’, the former as parts of the ovary segment in development, the latter as stigma segment in development. The genusTylophoraR. Br. which was formerly treated under Stapelieae Decne. has been transferred to Asclepiadeae based on the morphology of the pollinaria, gynoecium and seed coat architecture.
Fabrication Process and Properties of Fully-Planarized Deep-Submicron Nb/Al– $\hbox{AlO}_{\rm x}\hbox{/Nb} $ Josephson Junctions for VLSI Circuits (2014)

A fabrication process for Nb/Al-AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /Nb Josephson junctions (JJs) with sizes down to 200 nm has been developed on a 200-mm-wafer tool set typical for CMOS foundry. This process is the core of several nodes of a roadmap for fully-planarized fabrication processes for superconductor integrated circuits with 4, 8, and 10 niobium layers developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. The process utilizes 248 nm photolithography, anodization, high-density plasma etching, and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) for planarization of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interlayer dielectric. JJ electric properties and statistics such as on-chip and wafer spreads of critical current, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> , normal-state conductance, G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> , and run-to-run reproducibility have been measured on 200-mm wafers over a broad range of JJ diameters from 200 nm to 1500 nm and critical current densities, J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> , from 10 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> to 50 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> where the JJs become self-shunted. Diffraction-limited photolithography of JJs is discussed. A relationship between JJ mask size, JJ size on wafer, and the minimum printable size for coherent and partially coherent illumination has been worked out. The G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> spreads obtained have been found to be mainly caused by variations of the JJ areas and agree with the model accounting for an enhancement of mask errors near the diffraction-limited minimum printable size of JJs. I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> and G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> spreads from 0.8% to 3% have been obtained for JJs with sizes from 1500 nm down to 500 nm. The spreads increase to about 8% for 200-nm JJs. Prospects for circuit densities > 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> JJ/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 193-nm photolithography for JJ definition are discussed.
THE STATIONARY PHASE OF THE BACTERIAL LIFE CYCLE (1993)

In the natural environment bacteria seldom encounter conditions that permit periods of exponential growth. Rather, bacterial growth is characterized by long periods of nutritional deprivation punctuated by short periods that allow fast growth, a feature that is commonly referred to as the feast-or-famine lifestyle. In this chapter we review the recent advances made in our understanding of the molecular events that allow some gram-negative bacteria to survive prolonged periods of starvation. After an introductory description of the properties of starved gram-negative bacteria, the review presents three aspects of stationary phase: entry into stationary phase, responses during prolonged starvation, and reentry into the growth cycle.
Elastography of breast lesions: initial clinical results. (1997)

Elastography has the potential to be useful in the evaluation of areas of shadowing on the sonogram. It also may be helpful in the distinction of benign from malignant masses.
Erratum: Delta-doped ohmic contacts to n-GaAs [Appl. Phys. Lett. 4 9, 292 (1986)] (1986)

First Page
The Bromination of 2-Phenylphenyl Acetate (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Bromination of 2-Phenylphenyl AcetateStewart E. Hazlet and Harry A. KornbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 7, 1890–1892Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01852a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01852a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Soluble IGF2 Receptor Rescues Apc Min/ + Intestinal Adenoma Progression Induced by Igf2 Loss of Imprinting (2006)

The potent growth-promoting activity of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is highly regulated during development but frequently up-regulated in tumors. Increased expression of the normally monoallelic (paternally expressed) mouse (Igf2) and human (IGF2) genes modify progression of intestinal adenoma in the Apc(Min/+) mouse and correlate with a high relative risk of human colorectal cancer susceptibility, respectively. We examined the functional consequence of Igf2 allelic dosage (null, monoallelic, and biallelic) on intestinal adenoma development in the Apc(Min/+) by breeding with mice with either disruption of Igf2 paternal allele or H19 maternal allele and used these models to evaluate an IGF-II-specific therapeutic intervention. Increased allelic Igf2 expression led to elongation of intestinal crypts, increased adenoma growth independent of systemic growth, and increased adenoma nuclear beta-catenin staining. By introducing a transgene expressing a soluble form of the full-length IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor (sIGF2R) in the intestine, which acts as a specific inhibitor of IGF-II ligand bioavailability (ligand trap), we show rescue of the Igf2-dependent intestinal and adenoma phenotype. This evidence shows the functional potency of allelic dosage of an epigenetically regulated gene in cancer and supports the application of an IGF-II ligand-specific therapeutic intervention in colorectal cancer.
Distinct Expression Profiles of the Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptor in Lymphoid Tissues Depending on Receptor Activation Status (2004)

Using two distinct anti-CB2 receptor Abs, we investigated the expression patterns of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2 in human secondary lymphoid organs. Immunohistochemical analysis using an N-terminal specific anti-CB2 Ab revealed high protein expression in the germinal centers (GCs) of secondary follicles. A C-terminal specific anti-CB2 Ab, which only recognizes a nonphosphorylated inactive receptor, showed positivity in the mantle zones (MZs) and marginal zones (MGZs) of the secondary follicles where resting cells reside, and in the primary follicles. In contrast, no positivity was observed in GCs using the C-terminal Ab, suggesting that active CB2 receptors are mainly present on cells in the GCs. Dual immunohistochemical analysis revealed that B lymphocytes express the CB2 protein abundantly. In contrast to B cells in the MZ or MGZ, CB2-expressing cells in the GCs coexpress the costimulatory membrane protein CD40, which is mainly expressed in the GCs and at very low levels in the MZs and MGZs and the proliferation marker Ki-67. Using the human Raji B cell line as a model, we demonstrate in a transwell assay that moderate migration occurs upon stimulation of the CB2 receptor with the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, which is enhanced by CD40 costimulation. Our findings, that GC-related cells express active CB2 and that CB2-dependent migration requires CD40 costimulation, suggest that CB2 is involved in B cell activation.
The Fractionation of Supervisory Control (2004)

Three different frameworks for understanding the functions of different regions of prefrontal cortex-working memory, general intelligence, the Supervisory System approach-are compared. Three different lines of neuropsychological evidence are discussed with respect to the third of these frameworks. The contrasting functions of the human left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are then considered. The left is held to be involved in top-down strategic modulation of lower-level systems while the right is considered to be more concerned with the control of checking that on-going behaviour accords with task goals. Finally, the functions of anterior prefrontal cortex are assessed; it is argued that they are concerned with changes in cognitive mode, particularly when that involves the realization of previously set-up intentions.
Serendipitous synthesis of a cyclopropane-containing taxol analog via anchimeric participation of an unactivated angular methyl group (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSerendipitous synthesis of a cyclopropane-containing taxol analog via anchimeric participation of an unactivated angular methyl groupShu Hui Chen, Stella Huang, Jianmei Wei, and Vittorio FarinaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 17, 4520–4521Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00069a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00069a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views368Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Relative Risk of Ulcerative Keratitis among Users of Daily-Wear and Extended-Wear Soft Contact Lenses (1989)

Over 13 million people in the United States wear soft contact lenses for refractive correction. Ulcerative keratitis is considered the most serious adverse effect of the use of contact lenses. We performed a case-control study with 86 case patients, estimating separately for hospital-based (n = 61) and population-based (n = 410) controls the relative risk of ulcerative keratitis among users of extended-wear as compared with daily-wear soft contact lenses. The relative risk of ulcerative keratitis for extended-wear as compared with daily-wear lenses among the population-based controls was 3.90 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.35 to 6.48) and among the hospital-based controls, 4.21 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.95 to 9.08). thirty-eight percent of those with extended-wear lenses used them only during the day, and 11 percent of those with daily-wear lenses occasionally wore them overnight. When lens wearers were distinguished according to their overnight use of lenses, the users of extended-wear lenses who wore them overnight had a risk 10 to 15 times as great as the users of daily-wear lenses who did not, and the users of daily-wear lenses who sometimes wore them overnight had 9 times the risk of the users of such lenses who did not. For the users of extended-wear lenses, the risk of ulcerative keratitis was incrementally related to the extent of overnight wear. A reduction in risk associated with more frequent attention to lens hygiene was almost significant. We conclude that soft contact lenses worn overnight carry a significantly greater risk for ulcerative keratitis than soft lenses worn only during the day. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:773–8.)