gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amphiphilic Curcumin Conjugate-Forming Nanoparticles as Anticancer Prodrug and Drug Carriers:In VitroandIn VivoEffects (2010)

Curcumin has been shown to have high cytotoxicity towards various cancer cell lines, but its water insolubility and instability make its bioavailability exceedingly low and, thus, it is generally inactive in in vivo anticancer tests. Here, we report an intracellular-labile amphiphilic surfactant-like curcumin prodrug--curcumin conjugated with two short oligo(ethylene glycol) (Curc-OEG) chains via beta-thioester bonds that are labile in the presence of intracellular glutathione and esterase. Curc-OEG formed stable nanoparticles in aqueous conditions and served two roles--as an anticancer prodrug and a drug carrier. As an anticancer prodrug, the formed nanoparticles had a high and fixed curcumin-loading content of 25.3 wt%, and released active curcumin in the intracellular environment. Curc-OEG had high inhibition ability to several cancer cell lines due to apoptosis. Intravenously injected Curc-OEG significantly reduced the tumor weights and tumor numbers in the athymic mice xenografted with intraperitoneal SKOV-3 tumors and subcutaneous (mammary fat pad) MDA-MB-468 tumors. Preliminary systemic toxicity studies found that Curc-OEG did not cause acute and subchronic toxicities to mouse visceral organs at high doses. As drug carriers, Curc-OEG nanoparticles could carry other anticancer drugs, such as doxorubicin and camptothecin, and ship them into drug-resistant cells, greatly enhancing the cytotoxicity of the loaded drug. Thus, Curc-OEG is a promising prototype that merits further study for cancer therapy.
Domain Separation Networks (2016)

The cost of large scale data collection and annotation often makes the application of machine learning algorithms to new tasks or datasets prohibitively expensive. One approach circumventing this cost is training models on synthetic data where annotations are provided automatically. Despite their appeal, such models often fail to generalize from synthetic to real images, necessitating domain adaptation algorithms to manipulate these models before they can be successfully applied. Existing approaches focus either on mapping representations from one domain to the other, or on learning to extract features that are invariant to the domain from which they were extracted. However, by focusing only on creating a mapping or shared representation between the two domains, they ignore the individual characteristics of each domain. We suggest that explicitly modeling what is unique to each domain can improve a model's ability to extract domain-invariant features. Inspired by work on private-shared component analysis, we explicitly learn to extract image representations that are partitioned into two subspaces: one component which is private to each domain and one which is shared across domains. Our model is trained not only to perform the task we care about in the source domain, but also to use the partitioned representation to reconstruct the images from both domains. Our novel architecture results in a model that outperforms the state-of-the-art on a range of unsupervised domain adaptation scenarios and additionally produces visualizations of the private and shared representations enabling interpretation of the domain adaptation process.
The Presence of Desmosine and Isodesmosine in Eggshell Membrane Protein (1980)

Investigation of eggshell membrane by amino acid analysis and radioimmunoassay established the presence of the crosslinking amino acids desmosine and isodesmosine at levels of 28 microgram/100 mg dry weight. Specific enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis indicates that these crosslinks are present as constituents of eggshell membrane protein and do not reflect the presence of small amounts of elastin. The eggshell membrane protein has approximately 10 times the level of lysine-derived aldehyde found in elastin.
Vitamin E succinate induces Fas-mediated apoptosis in estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cells. (1997)

Vitamin E succinate (VES), a derivative of the fat-soluble vitamin D-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), inhibited growth and induced apoptotic cell death of estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cells. VES-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and SKBR-3 cells occurred through a Fas pathway. Total protein levels of the Fas receptor (Fas; APO-1/CD-95) and the Fas ligand (Fas-L) were increased following VES treatment. In addition, VES increased cell surface Fas expression. Fas-neutralizing antibodies and Fas-L antisense oligonucleotides blocked VES-induced apoptosis. The presence of Fas-L antisense oligonucleotides also completely blocked the VES-mediated increase in Fas-L protein expression. These data indicate a role for Fas signaling in VES-mediated apoptotic cell death of human breast cancer cells. These findings also suggest that VES may be of clinical use in the treatment of aggressive human breast cancers, particularly those that are refractory to antiestrogen therapy.
Chromophore Fluorination Enhances Crystallization and Stability of Soluble Anthradithiophene Semiconductors (2008)

We report dramatic improvements in the stability and crystallinity arising from partial fluorination of soluble anthradithiophene derivatives. These fluorinated materials still behave as p-type semiconductors but with dramatic increases in thermal and photostability compared to the non-fluorinated derivatives. The triethylsilyl-substituted material forms highly crystalline films even from spin-cast solutions, leading to devices with maximum hole mobility greater than 1.0 cm(2)/V s. In contrast, the triisopropylsilyl derivative forms large, high-quality crystals that could serve as the substrate for transistor fabrication. For this compound, mobility as high as 0.1 cm(2)/V s was measured on the free-standing crystal.
A 256×256 CMOS active pixel image sensor with motion detection (2002)

This 256/spl times/256 active pixel sensor (APS) is designed for consumer multimedia applications requiring low-cost, high-functionality, compact cameras capable of acquiring high-quality images at video frame rates. This sensor allows random access of the image data, permitting a simple implementation of electronic pan and zoom. Use in portable equipment is simplified by standard operating voltages and low power (80mW@5V, 20mW@3.3V). Fabrication in a standard CMOS process allows the integration of a variety of new and existing digital circuits with the image sensor. In addition, by making use of the implicit dynamic frame buffer provided by the active pixel structure, the sensor can generate a signal that represents the difference between sequential frames. This may be used for motion detection, image stabilization, and compression purposes.
Fluorotamoxifen. A Caveat on the Generality of Electrophilic Destannylation (1988)

Abstract A one-step synthesis of fluorotamoxifen from tamnoxifen is described. Attempts to achieve synthesis of the title compound by fluorodestannylation or transmetallation were unsuccessful.
템플릿 기반 PHP 웹 스크립트 생성기 (2006)

현재, 데이터베이스를 연동한 웹 스크립트 사용이 급속히 증가하고 있다. 요구되는 수요에 비해 웹 스크립트의 생성 및 변경에는 많은 시간과 노력이 소요되고 있다. 본 논문에서 소개하는 웹 스크립트 자동 생성기 WebGen은 웹 응용에 필요한 웹 폼들과 이 폼들을 통해 이루어지는 질의에 대해 데이터베이스와 연동하여 결과를 얻어 제공하는 웹 스크립트들을 자동 생성하는 소프트웨어 도구이다. WebGen은 웹 응용 개발자가 제공하는 구성파일(configuration file)에 정의된 내용을 스크립트의 기본 원형인 내장된 템플릿(template)에 반영하여 5개의 웹 스크립트들(search, select, edit, information, action)을 생성한다. action 스크립트를 제외한 나머지 스크립트들은 각각 해당되는 웹 폼을 생성한다. 따라서 웹 스크립트 생성을 위한 시간과 노력을 크게 줄여 웹 응용의 생산성을 향상시킨다. 또한, WebGen은 템플릿 기반이기 때문에 생성된 스크립트들과 WebGen 자체의 유지․보수를 효율적으로 할 수 있다.
Validation of dye-binding/high-resolution thermal denaturation for the identification of mutations in theSLC22A5 gene (2005)

Primary carnitine deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of fatty acid oxidation resulting from defective carnitine transport. This disease is caused by mutations in the OCTN2 carnitine transporter encoded by the SLC22A5 gene. Here we validate dye-binding/high-resolution thermal denaturation as a screening procedure to identify novel mutations in this gene. This procedure is based on the amplification of DNA by PCR in capillaries with the dsDNA binding dye LCGreen I. The PCR reaction is then analyzed in the same capillary by high-resolution thermal denaturation. Samples with abnormal melting profiles are sequenced. This technique correctly identified all known patients who were compound heterozygotes for different mutations in the carnitine transporter gene and about 30% of homozygous patients. The remaining 70% of homozygous patients were identified by a second amplification, in which the patient's DNA was mixed with the DNA of a normal control. This screening system correctly identified eight novel mutations and both abnormal alleles in six new families with primary carnitine deficiency. The causative role of the missense mutations identified (c.3G>T/p.M1I, c.695C>T/p.T232M, and c.1403 C>G/p.T468R) was confirmed by expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. These results expand the mutational spectrum in primary carnitine deficiency and indicate dye-binding/high-resolution thermal denaturation as an ideal system to screen for mutations in diseases with no prevalent molecular alteration.
Efficient One-Step Suzuki Arylation of Unprotected Halonucleosides, Using Water-Soluble Palladium Catalysts (2003)

Modification of nucleosides to give pharmaceutically active compounds, mutagenesis models, and oligonucleotide structural probes continues to be of great interest. The aqueous-phase modification of unprotected halonucleosides is reported herein. Using a catalyst derived from tris(3-sulfonatophenyl)phosphine (TPPTS) and palladium acetate, 8-bromo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-BrdG) is coupled with arylboronic acids to give 8-aryl-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts (8-ArdG) in excellent yield in a 2:1 water:acetonitrile solvent mixture. The TPPTS ligand was found to be superior to water-soluble alkylphosphines for this coupling reaction. The coupling chemistry has been extended to 8-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine (8-BrdA) and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (5-IdU), as well as the ribonucleosides 8-bromoguanosine and 8-bromoadenosine. Good to excellent yields of arylated adducts are obtained in all cases. With use of tri(4,6-dimethyl-3-sulfonatophenyl)phosphine (TXPTS), the Suzuki coupling of 8-BrdA and 5-IdU can be accomplished in less than 1 h at room temperature. This methodology represents an efficient and general method for halonucleoside arylation that does not require prior protection of the nucleoside.
Characterization of the Kynurenine Pathway in Human Neurons (2007)

The kynurenine pathway is a major route of L-tryptophan catabolism producing neuroactive metabolites implicated in neurodegeneration and immune tolerance. We characterized the kynurenine pathway in human neurons and the human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cell line and found that the kynurenine pathway enzymes were variably expressed. Picolinic carboxylase was expressed only in primary and some adult neurons but not in SK-N-SH cells. Because of this difference, SK-N-SH cells were able to produce the excitotoxin quinolinic acid, whereas human neurons produced the neuroprotectant picolinic acid. The net result of kynurenine pathway induction in human neurons is therefore predicted to result in neuroprotection, immune regulation, and tumor inhibition, whereas in SK-N-SH cells, it may result in neurotoxicity, immune tolerance, and tumor promotion. This study represents the first comprehensive characterization of the kynurenine pathway in neurons and the first description of the involvement of the kynurenine pathway as a mechanism for controlling both tumor cell neurotoxicity and persistence.
An Improved Oil Emulsion Synthesis Method for Large, Porous Zirconia Particles for Packed- or Fluidized-Bed Protein Chromatography (1997)

Abstract A previously reported oil emulsion technique for the synthesis of large, porous zirconia particles has been modified to overcome problems of nonreproducibility, formation of non-spherical or broken particles, and low yield of chromatographically useful particles. The improved technique described here uses a concentrated sol and an in-line mixer to successfully solve these problems. The results indicate that the stirring rate used to maintain the emulsion during drying has a strong effect on the final particle size.
Concerted regulation of skeletal muscle contractility by oxygen tension and endogenous nitric oxide (2003)

It is generally accepted that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) facilitates, and thus nitric oxide (NO) inhibits, contractility of skeletal muscle. However, standard assessments of contractility are carried out at a nonphysiological oxygen tension [partial pressure of oxygen (pO2)] that can interfere with NO signaling (95% O2). We therefore examined, in normal and neuronal NOS (nNOS)-deficient mice, the influence of pO2 on whole-muscle contractility and on myocyte calcium flux and sarcomere shortening. Here, we demonstrate a significant enhancement of these measures of muscle performance at low physiological pO2 and an inhibitory influence at higher physiological pO2, which depend on endogenous nNOS. At 95% O2 (which produces oxidative stress; muscle core pO2 approximately 400 mmHg), force production is enhanced but control of contractility by NO/nitrosylation is greatly attenuated. In addition, responsivity to pO2 is altered significantly in nNOS mutant muscle. These results reveal a fundamental role for the concerted action of NO and O2 in physiological regulation of skeletal muscle contractility, and suggest novel molecular aspects of myopathic disease. They suggest further that the role of NO in some cellular systems may require reexamination.
Disruption of the right temporoparietal junction with transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces the role of beliefs in moral judgments (2010)

When we judge an action as morally right or wrong, we rely on our capacity to infer the actor's mental states (e.g., beliefs, intentions). Here, we test the hypothesis that the right temporoparietal junction (RTPJ), an area involved in mental state reasoning, is necessary for making moral judgments. In two experiments, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to disrupt neural activity in the RTPJ transiently before moral judgment (experiment 1, offline stimulation) and during moral judgment (experiment 2, online stimulation). In both experiments, TMS to the RTPJ led participants to rely less on the actor's mental states. A particularly striking effect occurred for attempted harms (e.g., actors who intended but failed to do harm): Relative to TMS to a control site, TMS to the RTPJ caused participants to judge attempted harms as less morally forbidden and more morally permissible. Thus, interfering with activity in the RTPJ disrupts the capacity to use mental states in moral judgment, especially in the case of attempted harms.
Biological clocks (1999)

Circadian rhythms describe biological phenomena that oscillate with an approximately 24-hour cycle. These rhythms include blood pressure, body temperature, hormone levels, the number of immune cells in blood, and the sleep-wake cycle. In this paper, we will focus on common genes between species that are responsible for determining the circadian behavior, especially some transcription factors (i.e., switch genes) that serve to regulate many circadian rhythm genes. The intent of this summary is to introduce the common molecular mechanism of biological clocks between flies and humans and then to describe the research from three laboratories that was presented in the session.
NK Cell CD94/NKG2A Inhibitory Receptors Are Internalized and Recycle Independently of Inhibitory Signaling Processes (2002)

Human CD94/NKG2A is an inhibitory receptor that recognizes HLA-E and is expressed by NK cells and a subset of T cells. We have analyzed the cellular trafficking of the CD94/NKG2A receptor using the NKL cell line and peripheral blood NK cells. Flow cytometric, confocal microscopic, and biochemical analyses show that CD94/NKG2A continuously recycles in an active process that requires the cytoskeleton between the cell surface and intracellular compartments that are distinguishable from recycling compartments used by well-characterized receptors, such as transferrin receptor (CD71). CD94/NKG2A, an inhibitory receptor, traffics differently from the closely related CD94/NKG2C molecule, an activating receptor. Using transfection/expression analyses of wild-type and mutant CD94/NKG2A molecules in the HLA-E negative rat basophilic cell line RBL-2H3, we demonstrate that CD94/NKG2A internalization is independent of ligand cross-linking or the presence of functional immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs. Thus, the mechanisms that control cell surface homeostasis of CD94/NKG2A are independent of functional signaling.
Superoxide in Apoptosis (1998)

Activation of apoptosis is associated with generation of reactive oxygen species. The present research shows that superoxide is produced by mitochondria isolated from apoptotic cells due to a switch from the normal 4-electron reduction of O2 to a 1-electron reduction when cytochrome c is released from mitochondria. Bcl-2, a protein that protects against apoptosis and blocks cytochrome c release, prevents superoxide production when it is overexpressed. The switch in electron transfer provides a mechanism for redox signaling that is concomitant with cytochrome c-dependent activation of caspases. The block of cytochrome c release provides a mechanism for the apparent antioxidant function of Bcl-2.
Composite Pseudo-Associative Cache for Mobile Processors (2010)

Multi-core trends are becoming dominant, creating sophisticated and complicated cache structures. Also, the bigger shared level-2 (L2) caches are demanded for higher cache performance. One of the easiest ways to design cache memory for increased performance is to double the cache size. However, the big cache size is directly related to the area and power consumption. Especially in mobile processors, simple increase of the cache size may significantly affect its chip area and power. In this paper, we propose a composite cache mechanism for L2 cache to maximize cache performance within a given cache size. This technique can be used without increasing cache size and set associativity by emphasizing primary way utilization and pseudo-associativity. Based on our experiments with the sampled SPEC CPU2000 workload, the proposed cache mechanism shows the remarkable reduction in cache misses. The variation of performance improvement depends on cache size and set associativity, but the proposed scheme shows more sensitivity to cache size increase than set associativity increase.
Mass Spectrometry in Biology & Medicine (2000)

Leading practitioners detail revolutionary new spectrometric techniques for the identification and covalent structural characterization of macromolecules, proteins, glycoconjugates, and nucleic acids.
Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: results in 146 patients. (1993)

Histopathologic examination, angiography, and serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein showed that percutaneous ethanol injection is a valuable treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The therapy increased the long-term survival of patients who have this disease.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Tungsten Complexes Containing Various (Thiazoliumyl)diphenylphosphine Ligands (1998)

Alkylation reactions at the S atom of the anionic PPh2C(NPh)S- ligand coordinated to a tungsten pentacarbonyl group afford the neutral complexes W(CO)5PPh2C(NPh)SR (4, R = CH2C⋮CH; 5, R = CH2C⋮N; 6, R = CH2CONH2; 7, R = CH2CHCH2; 8, R = CH2CO2Me). Protonation of 4 with HBF4 at room temperature causes cyclization to the cationic which contains a (thiazoliumyl)diphenylphosphine ligand. Similarly, protonation reactions of 5 and 6 with HBF4 give the cationic and the neutral (12), respectively, both of which contain (thiazoliumyl)diphenylphosphine ligands. The structures of 10 and 12 are determined by X-ray diffraction analyses.
Gene Expression Profiles Differentiate Between Sterile SIRS and Early Sepsis (2007)

Sepsis has a unique gene expression profile that is different from uninfected inflammation and becomes apparent prior to expression of the clinical sepsis phenotype.
The feasibility of using spread-spectrum communication systems for the land mobile service on a non-interference basis with other users (1980)

This paper examines the conditions which would allow land mobile radio systems using spread-spectrum techniques to share certain r.f. channel allocations on a mutual non-interference basis with the existing users of these channels, namely the television broadcasters.An experimental spread-spectrum communication system has been developed and this has been used to examine the feasibility of bandsharing from the point of view of establishing protection for the television signal from the spread-spectrum interference for imperceptible visual interference on the screen, whilst still allowing adequate reception of the spread-spectrum signal under conditions of high television interference.The results indicate that the spread-spectrum signal must be at least 42 dB below the peak television carrier level at the television carrier frequency for picture quality to be unaffected, and under these conditions an output signal with at least 25 dB signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained from the spread-spectrum receiver.
Title X survives initial GOP cuts, but abortion funding is tightened. (1995)

Funding for the Title X family planning program was spared the Congressional ax in the first round of budget cuts, with the program's full 1995 appropriation of $193 million surviving the subcommittee process intact. In relative terms, Title X also fared well in the Clinton administration's proposed budget. Most key programs involving reproductive health care were either level-funded or sustained small cuts, but Title X is one of the few programs for which the administration proposed an increase in funding. Moreover, Title X is one of the few categorical programs not incorporated into a block grant by the Administration. It is unknown, however, how much impact the Clinton budget will have in upcoming funding battles. Other programs did not fare as well in the House of Representatives. For example, the House Appropriations Committee voted to overturn current policy requiring states to pay for abortions under Medicaid in cases of rape and incest, as well as in cases of life endangerment. The rescission bill was scheduled to be considered by the full House in one week. AIDS programs lost many of the previously forthcoming increases voted for the year, while funds for other social programs including school lunches and major nutrition programs for low-income pregnant women and children were slashed. The Center for Budget and Policy Priorities determined that two-thirds of the total cuts made by the House committee came from programs which serve low-income families.
Modern Genetic Analysis: Integrating Genes and Genomes (2002)

PART 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF GENE STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND TRANSMISSION - Genetics and the Organism - The Structure of Genes and Genomes - Gene Function - The Transmission of DNA at Cell Division - The Inheritance of Single-Gene Differences - Genetic Recombination in Eukaryotes - Recombination in Bacteria and Their Viruses - PART 2: METHODS OF GENETIC MANIPULATION - Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering - Genomics - Gene Mutation: Origins and Repair Processes - Chromosome Mutations - Mutational Dissection - PART 3: SYSTEMS GENETICS: FROM GENE TO PHENOTYPE - Regulation of Gene Transcription - From Gene to Phenotype - Regulation of Cell Number: Normal and Cancer Cells - The Genetic Basis of Development - PART 4: GENETIC ANALYSIS OF POPULATIONS - Population Genetics - Quantitative Genetics - Evolutionary Genetics