gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anodization and Microcontact Printing on Electroless Silver:  Solution-Based Fabrication Procedures for Low-Voltage Electronic Systems with Organic Active Components (2000)

This communication demonstrates the combined use of two techniques for fabricating transistors that incorporate an organic semiconductor and that can operate at low voltages: anodization for thin (∼50 nm), high-capacitance gate dielectrics and microcontact printing on electroless silver for high-resolution (∼1 μm) source/drain electrodes. The techniques are attractive for use with organic active components because (i) they are carried out at or near room temperature in aqueous solutions, (ii) they are compatible with important organic semiconductors and flexible plastic substrates, and (iii) they are suitable for reel-to-reel processing. n- and p-Channel devices formed with the organic semiconductors dihexyl quinquethiophene and copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine and anodized tantalum and silicon substrates illustrate the typical performance of transistors fabricated with these methods.
15.2: Invited Paper: Development of High Quality LCDTV (2004)

Abstract The production technologies of the flat panel display in the size liquid crystal TVs have been developed remarkably. The importance of evaluation method of the display has been also increased. Using the new indexes for evaluations of the motion picture quality and the viewing angle characteristic of the liquid crystal TVs, we review the developments of the recent liquid crystal television technology.
Effect of In Ovo Vaccine Delivery Route on Herpesvirus of Turkeys/SB-1 Efficacy and Viremia (2002)

A study was designed to ascertain the influence of in ovo site of inoculation and embryonic fluid type on the development of Marek's disease (MD) vaccine viremia and efficacy against MD challenge. The experiments were divided into in vitro and in vivo phases. In the in vitro phase, herpesvirus of turkeys/SB-1 vaccine was combined with basal medium eagle (BME) medium (control), amniotic fluid, or allantoic fluid and subsequently titrated on secondary chick embryo fibroblast cultures. There were no significant differences in titer between the virus inoculum carried in BME and the virus inoculum combined with either the allantoic fluid or the amniotic fluid. In the in vivo phase, five routes of inoculation, amniotic, intraembryonic, allantoic, air cell, and subcutaneous at hatch, were compared for generation of protection against virulent MD challenge. Comparisons were made in both specific-pathogen-free and commercial broiler embryos/chicks and, for the amniotic and allantoic routes, injection at either day 17 or day 18 of embryonation. Reisolation of the vaccine virus at day 3 of age was also done for all routes with the exception of the air cell route. Vaccine virus was recovered from all birds tested that were injected in ovo via the amniotic and intraembryonic routes and the subcutaneously at hatch route but was isolated only sporadically from birds inoculated via the allantoic route. Vaccination protective efficacy against virulent MD for all birds vaccinated in ovo via the amniotic or intraembryonic routes and birds vaccinated subcutaneously at hatch was over 90% regardless of day of in ovo injection or bird type. Protective efficacy for vaccines delivered in ovo by either the allantoic or the air cell routes was less than 50% regardless of day of injection or bird type. Therefore, in ovo MD vaccines must be injected either via the amniotic route or the intraembryonic route for optimal performance.
Identification and Characterization of a Sodium Ion Binding Site on the Staphylocoagulase-Prothrombin Complex. (2006)

Abstract Sodium ion binding regulates allosterically the pro- and anti-coagulant functions of the central coagulation serine proteinase, thrombin (T). The conversion of the prothrombin (ProT) zymogen into T results in expression of the fibrinogen (Fbg) recognition site (exosite I) and may facilitate binding of a single Na+. Na+ binding stabilizes the “fast” form of T that mediates the efficient conversion of Fbg into fibrin. The “slow” form of T, lacking Na+, shows decreased Fbg substrate activity and slightly enhanced activity towards activation of protein C, which results in a net increase in the anticoagulant activity of T (Di Cera et al., 1995). Conversion of protein C to activated protein C results in cleavage and inactivation of factor Va and VIIIa, which inhibits reactions central to hemostasis. Staphylocoagulase (SC), a conformational activator of ProT, binds ProT with high affinity through proexosite I and imparts T-like activity to the zymogen-activator complex. To determine whether the Na+ binding site is present on the SC-(1-325)·ProT complex, kinetic studies in the presence and absence of Na+ were performed, using the non-interacting cation, choline to maintain constant ionic strength. Results indicate that indeed Na+ binds to the SC-(1-325)·ProT complex with a KD of 17 ± 2 mM and causes an ~7-fold increase in the activity of SC-(1-325)·ProT complex toward a T-specific tripeptide chromogenic substrate. The chromogenic substrate activity of mouse ProT·SC-(1-325), unlike the human zymogen, was independent of Na+, consistent with the recent finding that mouse T lacks a functional Na+ binding site (Bush et al., 2006). Fbg clotting studies indicated that human T has 24-fold increased clotting activity in the presence of Na+, and the SC-(1-325)·T complex has 13-fold enhanced activity. Surprisingly, much unlike the results obtained from the chromogenic substrate studies, the Fbg clotting activity of the SC-(1-325)·ProThuman complex was less dependent on the presence of Na+, as indicated by a 4.1-fold increase in clotting activity for the complex in the presence of Na+. Further studies will be necessary to elucidate the functional significance of the Na+ binding site on the SC·ProT complex and its effect on Fbg recognition and cleavage.
Type I IFN Induces Binding of STAT1 to Bcl6: Divergent Roles of STAT Family Transcription Factors in the T Follicular Helper Cell Genetic Program (2014)

CD4(+) T follicular helper cells (TFH) are critical for the formation and function of B cell responses to infection or immunization, but also play an important role in autoimmunity. The factors that contribute to the differentiation of this helper cell subset are incompletely understood, although several cytokines including IL-6, IL-21, and IL-12 can promote TFH cell formation. Yet, none of these factors, nor their downstream cognate STATs, have emerged as nonredundant, essential drivers of TFH cells. This suggests a model in which multiple factors can contribute to the phenotypic characteristics of TFH cells. Because type I IFNs are often generated in immune responses, we set out to investigate whether these factors are relevant to TFH cell differentiation. Type I IFNs promote Th1 responses, thus one possibility was these factors antagonized TFH-expressed genes. However, we show that type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) induced B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) expression, the master regulator transcription factor for TFH cells, and CXCR5 and programmed cell death-1 (encoded by Pdcd1), key surface molecules expressed by TFH cells. In contrast, type I IFNs failed to induce IL-21, the signature cytokine for TFH cells. The induction of Bcl6 was regulated directly by STAT1, which bound to the Bcl6, Cxcr5, and Pdcd1 loci. These data suggest that type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) and STAT1 can contribute to some features of TFH cells but are inadequate in inducing complete programming of this subset.
Low pressure photodeposition of silicon nitride films using a xenon excimer lamp (1993)

Excimer lamps have recently opened up the field of intense vacuum ultraviolet light generation. The power available from such lamps based on the dielectric barrier discharge generation method can be superior to those of typical low pressure mercury lamps. Additionally, a wide range of shorter and longer wavelengths can be generated as required. Following previous work on silicon dioxide deposition, here we present the use of these lamps for direct photodeposition of silicon nitride from mixtures of silane and ammonia. Optical and physical characterization reveal good film qualities, rendering this new technique promising for low temperature semiconductor and optoelectronic material processing.
γ-Secretase inhibition increases efficacy of BCMA-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells in multiple myeloma (2019)

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a validated target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma (MM). Despite promising objective response rates, most patients relapse, and low levels of BCMA on a subset of tumor cells has been suggested as a probable escape mechanism. BCMA is actively cleaved from the tumor cell surface by the ubiquitous multisubunit γ-secretase (GS) complex, which reduces ligand density on tumor cells for CAR T-cell recognition and releases a soluble BCMA (sBCMA) fragment capable of inhibiting CAR T-cell function. Sufficient sBCMA can accumulate in the bone marrow of MM patients to inhibit CAR T-cell recognition of tumor cells, and potentially limit efficacy of BCMA-directed adoptive T-cell therapy. We investigated whether blocking BCMA cleavage by small-molecule GS inhibitors (GSIs) could augment BCMA-targeted CAR T-cell therapy. We found that exposure of myeloma cell lines and patient tumor samples to GSIs markedly increased surface BCMA levels in a dose-dependent fashion, concurrently decreased sBCMA concentrations, and improved tumor recognition by CAR T cells in vitro. GSI treatment of MM tumor-bearing NOD/SCID/γc-/- mice increased BCMA expression on tumor cells, decreased sBCMA in peripheral blood, and improved antitumor efficacy of BCMA-targeted CAR T-cell therapy. Importantly, short-term GSI administration to MM patients markedly increases the percentage of BCMA+ tumor cells, and the levels of BCMA surface expression in vivo. Based on these data, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved clinical trial has been initiated, combining GSI with concurrent BCMA CAR T-cell therapy. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03502577.
Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2003)

Magnetic resonance contrast agents, particularly the gadolinium-based agents, are extremely safe and lack the nephrotoxicity associated with iodinated contrast media. Currently, seven gadolinium agents are available in one or more countries of the world, of which only four are available for clinical use in the United States. Minor adverse effects associated with each of these agents occur infrequently and include nausea, headache, and taste perversion. Whereas the gadolinium agents cannot be differentiated on the basis of these mild adverse effects, recent studies have brought to light the issue of chelate stability, and in particular, clinical observations associated with the least stable of these agents. This review briefly discusses the most recent safety issues concerning the gadolinium agents. A brief review of safety issues concerning the non-gadolinium agents is also provided.
<title>Bayesian methods for interpretation and control in multiagent vision systems</title> (1992)

Interpretation of images is a context dependent activity and, therefore, saturated with uncertainty. It is outlined how causal probabilistic networks (CPNs) together with strict and efficient Bayesian methods can be used for modeling contexts and for interpretation of findings. For illustration purposes a 2-agent system consisting of an interpreter using a CPN and a findings catcher using an image processor is designed. It is argued that the architecture should be a system of agents with instincts, each of them acting to improve their own situation. Going through an interpretation session, it is shown how the Bayesian paradigm very neatly supports the agents-with-instincts control paradigm such that the system through private benefit maximizing in an efficient way reaches its goal.
Quantitative analysis of interconnectivity of porous biodegradable scaffolds with micro‐computed tomography (2004)

Pore interconnectivity within scaffolds is an important parameter influencing cell migration and tissue ingrowth needed to promote tissue regeneration. Methods for assessment of interconnectivity are usually qualitative, restricted to two-dimensional images, or are destructive. Microcomputed tomography nondestructively provides three-dimensional (3D) images of intact specimens at high spatial resolutions. We describe an image analysis technique for quantitative assessment of scaffold interconnectivity. Scaffolds were made via a particulate leaching process with 75%, 80%, 85%, and 88% volumetric porogen fractions. Specimens were scanned and resulting 3D, digital images were analyzed with a custom algorithm. A series of virtual, idealized scaffolds were also created for illustration of the algorithm's analysis approach and for its validation. The program calculated accessible void fractions over a range of minimum connection sizes. In real specimens, nearly 100% of the porous volume was connected with outside air for connections greater than or equal to 20 microm in their smallest dimension. In scaffolds made with 75% porogen, the accessible void fraction decreased to 78% if only those connections greater than or equal to 260 microm were considered. The relationship between accessible void fraction and connection size varied as a function of porogen content. The interconnectivity parameter described here may have implications for cell migration and tissue growth into scaffolds.
Beneficial Effects of Exendin-4 on Experimental Polyneuropathy in Diabetic Mice (2011)

Our findings indicate that exendin-4 ameliorates the severity of DPN, which may be achieved by its direct actions on DRG neurons and their axons.
Intranasal vaccination of rabbits with Pasteurella multocida A:3 outer membranes that express iron-regulated proteins (2001)

Intranasal vaccination of rabbits with P multocida outer membranes containing IROMP and CT stimulated immunity against experimental pneumonic pasteurellosis.
In vivo deletion of the methicillin resistance mec region from the chromosome of Staphylococcus aureus strains (2000)

Two sets of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from two patients exhibited similar susceptibility profiles except for oxacillin susceptibility (MSSA) or resistance (MRSA). SMA:I macrorestriction and inter-IS256 PCR analysis showed patterns closely related to the Belgian epidemic MRSA clone 1 in each pair of MSSA/MRSA strains. Loss of one large SMA:I DNA fragment and concurrent gain of a smaller fragment in the MSSA isolates was observed. The mecA sequence present in the MRSA was absent in the MSSA variant. Therefore, in vivo deletion of the mec region may occur in some lineages of S. aureus more frequently than previously thought.
Analysis on obstructive factors of construction industrialization in China: using interpretative structural modeling (2015)

Construction industrialization is an important component of Chinese construction industry development plans. Previous studies have presented influential factors, including obstructive and promoting factors of construction industrialization, without quantitative analysis. In order to find out key factors impeding the development of construction industrialization, this paper identifies 16 obstructive factors affecting construction industrialization based on literature reviews and experts group meetings. The relationship of obstructive factors is also analyzed using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and thus these factors are categorized into different levels in the hierarchical form. It shows that insufficient promotion policy and higher construction cost are factors in the lower levels of the structure while incomplete technique system and lack of industry chain are ones in the higher levels of the structure. In addition, matrix impacts cross-reference multiplication applied to a classification (MICMAC) method is utilized to measure driving power and dependence power of all obstructive factors. The distributions of them are clearly illustrated graphically. The analysis provides valuable information for policy/decision makers to take proactive strategies to promote construction industrialization in China.
A novel immune-mediated subepidermal bullous dermatosis characterized by IgG autoantibodies to a lower lamina lucida component (1994)

<h3>Background:</h3> Immune-mediated subepidermal bullous dermatoses characterized by in vivo—bound linear IgG deposition at the cutaneous basement membrane zone include bullous pemphigoid, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, anti—bullous pemphigoid antigen mucosal pemphigoid, anti—epiligrin mucosal pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and the bullous eruption of systemic lupus erythematosus. In this article, we describe a novel IgG-mediated bullous dermatosis. <h3>Observations:</h3> Clinically, a unique nonscarring dermatosis was characterized by the sudden onset of extensive bullae and erosions on mucous membrane and skin, resembling toxic epidermal necrolysis or pemphigus vulgaris. Histologically, the patient's skin lesion demonstrated neutrophilic papillary dermal infiltration and subepidermal blister formation, resembling dermatitis herpetiformis. Immunopathologically, there was linear IgG and C3 deposition at the skin basement membrane zone. The patient responded well to prednisone and azathioprine immunosuppression and has achieved a lasting remission without further therapy. Further immunologic investigations revealed that this unique dermatosis is distinct from all other known IgG-mediated subepidermal bullous dermatoses. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> This novel deep lamina lucida pemphigoid can be distinctly termed<i>anti—p105 pemphigoid</i>on the basis of antigenic specificity of the autoantibodies. Although this novel dermatosis resembles toxic epidermal necrolysis clinically, prudent use of diagnostic immunofluorescence studies can clearly delineate its immunologic nature. Prompt recognition of this unique dermatosis and timely initiation of appropriate immunosuppressive therapy could be life-saving for those patients suffering from this dermatosis. (<i>Arch Dermatol. 1994;130:343-347</i>)
Phase I radioimmunotherapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with 131I-labeled chimeric monoclonal antibody G250. (1999)

Clinical tumor targeting studies with chimeric monoclonal antibody G250 (cG250) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients indicated the potential use of this antibody for radioimmunotherapy. Here we report on a phase I activity dose escalation study to determine the safety, the maximum tolerable dose (MTD), and the possible therapeutic potential of 131I-labeled cG250 in patients with progressive metastatic RCC. All patients (n = 12) received a diagnostic i.v. infusion of 5 mg of cG250 labeled with 222 MBq of 131I. If accumulation of the antibody in metastatic lesions was observed, patients were hospitalized and a second, therapeutic, i.v. infusion of 5 mg of cG250 labeled with a high dose of 131I was administered (n = 8). Three patients per dose level were entered, starting at 1665 MBq/m2. If no dose-limiting toxicity occurred, the study continued at the next dose level (555 MBq/m2 increase). Most patients experienced mild nausea without vomiting. No other complaints were reported during hospitalization. In two of two patients who received a dose of 2775 MBq/m2, grade IV hematological toxicity was observed, which was defined as dose limiting. Thus, the MTD was set at 2220 MBq/m2. In one patient (2220 MBq/m2), stable disease (lasting 3-6 months) was achieved, whereas another patient (2220 MBq/m2) showed a partial response that is ongoing (>9 months). The minor responses observed in this phase I trial in patients with an advanced stage of RCC are encouraging and warrant further study in a phase II setting at the MTD to determine the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy for metastatic RCC.
Functional Analysis of the Disulfide-Bonded Loop/Chain Reversal Region of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 Reveals a Critical Role in gp120-gp41 Association (2001)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into cells is mediated by the surface-exposed envelope protein (SU) gp120, which binds to cellular CD4 and chemokine receptors, triggering the membrane fusion activity of the transmembrane (TM) protein gp41. The core of gp41 comprises an N-terminal triple-stranded coiled coil and an antiparallel C-terminal helical segment which is packed against the exterior of the coiled coil and is thought to correspond to a fusion-activated conformation. The available gp41 crystal structures lack the conserved disulfide-bonded loop region which, in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and murine leukemia virus TM proteins, mediates a chain reversal, connecting the antiparallel N- and C-terminal regions. Mutations in the HTLV-1 TM protein gp21 disulfide-bonded loop/chain reversal region adversely affected fusion activity without abolishing SU-TM association (A. L. Maerz, R. J. Center, B. E. Kemp, B. Kobe, and P. Poumbourios, J. Virol. 74:6614-6621, 2000). We now report that in contrast to our findings with HTLV-1, conservative substitutions in the HIV-1 gp41 disulfide-bonded loop/chain reversal region abolished association with gp120. While the mutations affecting gp120-gp41 association also affected cell-cell fusion activity, HIV-1 glycoprotein maturation appeared normal. The mutant glycoproteins were processed, expressed at the cell surface, and efficiently immunoprecipitated by conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies. The gp120 association site includes aromatic and hydrophobic residues on either side of the gp41 disulfide-bonded loop and a basic residue within the loop. The HIV-1 gp41 disulfide-bonded loop/chain reversal region is a critical gp120 contact site; therefore, it is also likely to play a central role in fusion activation by linking CD4 plus chemokine receptor-induced conformational changes in gp120 to gp41 fusogenicity. These gp120 contact residues are present in diverse primate lentiviruses, suggesting conservation of function.
Identification of a 27-kDa Protein with the Properties of Type II Iodothyronine 5‵-Deiodinase in Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP-stimulated Glial Cells (1989)

Type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase (5'D-II) catalyzes the intracellular conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), producing greater than 90% of the bioactive thyroid hormone in the cerebral cortex. In cultured glial cells, expression of this enzyme is cAMP dependent. Exploiting the cAMP-dependent nature of this enzyme in these cells and utilizing N-bromoacetyl-L-3'- or 5'-[125I]thyroxine (BrAc[125I]T4) to affinity label cellular proteins, a 27-kDa protein with the properties of this enzyme was identified. Intact cells labeled with BrAc[125I]T4 showed three prominent radiolabeled bands of proteins of Mr 55,000, 27,000, and 18,000 (p55, p27, p18, respectively) which incorporated approximately 80% of the affinity label. All three affinity-labeled proteins were membrane associated. One protein (p27) increased 5-6-fold after treating the cells for 16 h with dibutyryl cAMP; maximal specific incorporation of affinity label into the stimulated p27 was approximately 2 pmol/mg of cell protein in intact cells. Alterations in the steady-state levels of 5'D-II resulted in parallel changes in the quantity of p27. In cell sonicates, the rate of enzyme inactivation by BrAcT4 equaled the rate of affinity label incorporation into stimulated p27, whereas p55 and p18 showed little or no specific dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated labeling. Enzyme substrates T4 and 3,3'5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) specifically blocked p27 labeling, whereas T3 and the competitive 5'D-II inhibitor EMD 21388 (a synthetic flavonoid) were much less effective. Iopanoate, an inhibitor of all deiodinase isozymes, was ineffective in blocking p27 labeling. Inhibition kinetics revealed that iopanoate was a noncompetitive inhibitor of dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated glial cell 5'D-II, suggesting that it interacts at a site distant from the substrate-binding site. These data identify a cAMP-inducible membrane-associated protein (p27) that has many of the properties of 5'D-II.