gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multifaceted Visualisation of Annotated Social Media Data (2014)

Social media (such as online communities) is one of the main sources generating large, unstructured, and redundant big data. Analytics of social media data helps to maximise its utility, and visualisation plays a significant role in the exploration of both big data and the results of the analysis on it. A large amount of big data from online communities (and other social networks) are typically visualised through their interactions (e.g., who interacts with whom) in the form of graphs where people are represented as nodes and the interactions between them as edges. But there is a lot of other information that could be analysed and visualised, such as annotations performed through crowd sourcing which has been very popular in recent time. How can one visualise the social network data from the prism of such annotations? This is what we address here. Spring embedding algorithms have been used in semantic visualisations depicting semantic similarity relationship among nodes. In this paper, we borrow this idea and propose a multifaceted visualisation of annotated online community data using spring embedded graphs. The unique feature of our approach is that it offers a visualisation that captures the proximity of the members to annotated concepts in a heterogeneous community graph. We have evaluated our approach to visualise annotations related to emotions and work barriers faced by members of a Government run online community that was trialled to provide informational and emotional support to its members. We show with specific examples how our approach offers a multifaceted visualisation of the online community and facilitates interpretations and analysis of the large amount of social data captured.
Electron microscopic evidence for a double hair-like nap appearing at low frequency on Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores (1969)

Electron microscopic examination of thin sections of Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores triply poststained with KMnO 4 , uranyl acetate, and lead citrate has indicated an unusual morphological variant. These spores are seen at very low frequency and have, in addition to the hair-like nap normally associated with the exosporium a second hairy layer which appears to originate in the spore coat complex.
STADIA PRADEWASA TUNGAU Macrocheies merdarius (AcARlNA: MACROCHELIDAE) Dl LABORATORIUM (1997)

Maccrocheles mendAriUs are the abundant mite species found in poultry litter in Bogor Municipality. However, their potential as predators ofhouseflies eggs and larvae are yet not known. An effort to study their life cycle has been done in the laboratory with an hou/iy observation.The eggs and larvae could not be found whereas the pmtonymphal stAge Were 18.67 hours oh Average And deutonymphal Were 29.04hours.The average size of protonymphAl'stage were 33.97 X 24.53 /Urn And deutonymphal were 38.44 x 32.15 jum. All of these progeny were not known whether from the fertilized or unfertilized femAles.
Effect of a Vi-degrading Enzyme on Potency of Typhoid Vaccines in Mice (1972)

Journal Article Effect of a Vi-degrading Enzyme on Potency of Typhoid Vaccines in Mice Get access K. H. Wong, K. H. Wong From the Laboratory of Bacterial Products, Division of Biologics Standards, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John C. Feeley, John C. Feeley From the Laboratory of Bacterial Products, Division of Biologics Standards, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Margaret Pittman Margaret Pittman From the Laboratory of Bacterial Products, Division of Biologics Standards, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 125, Issue 4, April 1972, Pages 360–366, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/125.4.360 Published: 01 April 1972 Article history Received: 09 August 1971 Revision received: 28 December 1971 Published: 01 April 1972
Discovery of a Cytokine and Its Receptor by Functional Screening of the Extracellular Proteome (2008)

To understand the system of secreted proteins and receptors involved in cell-cell signaling, we produced a comprehensive set of recombinant secreted proteins and the extracellular domains of transmembrane proteins, which constitute most of the protein components of the extracellular space. Each protein was tested in a suite of assays that measured metabolic, growth, or transcriptional responses in diverse cell types. The pattern of responses across assays was analyzed for the degree of functional selectivity of each protein. One of the highly selective proteins was a previously undescribed ligand, designated interleukin-34 (IL-34), which stimulates monocyte viability but does not affect responses in a wide spectrum of other assays. In a separate functional screen, we used a collection of extracellular domains of transmembrane proteins to discover the receptor for IL-34, which was a known cytokine receptor, colony-stimulating factor 1 (also called macrophage colony-stimulating factor) receptor. This systematic approach is thus useful for discovering new ligands and receptors and assessing the functional selectivity of extracellular regulatory proteins.
Functional abnormalities in transgenic mice expressing a mutant rhodopsin gene. (1995)

The pattern of functional changes seen in the transgenic mice are in good agreement with those reported in patients with ADRP with the P23H mutation in the rhodopsin gene. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the changes in rhodopsin density and visual sensitivity are associated with a progressive shortening of the rod outer segments; the histologic changes induced by the disease process in patients with ADRP have yet to be determined.
Ordered Deposition of Inorganic Clusters from Micellar Block Copolymer Films (1999)

A method is presented for generating quasiregular arrays of nanometer-sized noble metal and metal oxide clusters on flat substrates by the use of a polymer template. The approach is of general applicability to other metals and various oxides. In the first step, polymeric micelles with a polar core were generated by dissolution of poly(styrene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) in toluene. These micelles were used as nanocompartments that were loaded with a defined amount of a metal precursor. The metal ions can be reduced in such a way that exactly one elemental or oxidic particle is formed in each micelle, where each particle is of equal size. By dipping a flat substrate into a dilute solution, a monolayer of the micelles was obtained whereby the embedded equally large particles became arranged in a mesoscopic quasihexagonal two-dimensional (2-D) lattice. Exposure to an oxygen plasma allowed removal of the polymer completely, leaving the naked metal particles firmly attached to the substrate in the same quasihexagonal order as in the monomicellar film. A modified procedure in which the precursor salt was not reduced before the plasma treatment yielded clusters of identical size and in the same 2-D order. The size (height) of the clusters could be varied between 1 and 15 nm depending on the concentration of the metal salt. The interparticle distance could be varied between 30 and 140 nm by using block copolymers with different lengths of the blocks. Such lattices of Au particles have been used to bind streptavidin proteins in an ordered array.
Formation and Metabolism of Prebeta-Migrating, Lipid-Poor Apolipoprotein A-I (2003)

The preferred extracellular acceptor of cell phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol in the process mediated by the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) transporter is a monomolecular, prebeta-migrating, lipid-poor or lipid-free form of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. This monomolecular form of apoA-I is quite distinct from the prebeta-migrating, discoidal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) that contains two or three molecules of apoA-I per particle and which are present as minor components of the HDL fraction in human plasma. The mechanism of the ABCA1-mediated efflux of phospholipid and cholesterol from cells has been studied extensively. In contrast, much less attention has been given to the origin and subsequent metabolism of the acceptor lipid-free/lipid-poor apoA-I. There is a substantial body of evidence from studies conducted in vitro that a monomolecular, lipid-free/lipid-poor form of apoA-I dissociates from HDL during the remodeling of HDLs by plasma factors such as cholesteryl ester transfer protein, hepatic lipase, and phospholipid transfer protein. The rate at which apoA-I dissociates from HDL is influenced by the phospholipid composition of the particles and by the presence of apoA-II. This review describes current knowledge regarding the formation, metabolism, and regulation of monomolecular, lipid-free/lipid-poor apoA-I in plasma.
New uniplanar subnanosecond monocycle pulse generator and transformer for time-domain microwave applications (2001)

This paper presents the development of a new monocycle pulse generator and pulse-to-monocycle-pulse transformer operating in the subnanosecond regime. These circuits employ Schottky diodes, step recovery diodes, and simple charging and discharging circuitry, and are completely fabricated using coplanar waveguides. Simple transient analysis and design of the circuits are presented along with their operating principles. The pulse-to-monocycle-pulse transformer converts a 1 V 300 ps pulse into a 0.7-V 350 ps monocycle pulse. The monocycle pulse generator produces a monocycle pulse having 333 ps pulsewidth and more than 2 V from an input square wave of 10 MHz repetition rate. The generated monocycle pulses have very symmetrical positive and negative portions and low ringing level.
Second Part Containing Answers To The Objections Made To This Essay (1998)

SECOND PART CONTAINING ANSWERS TO THE OBJECTIONS MADE TO THIS ESSAY Objection I dread novel Doctrines, and such is your Doctrine of the Dispensations of divine grace: Why this going on from Faith in the Father, thro' faith in the Son, to faith in the Holy Ghost? I see no such thing in the Scriptures. Answer I. You have then read them with little attention to these words of our Lord, where he points out so clearly the t tee degrees of faith I contend for: Ye believe in God (Here is the tint degree) Believe also in Me: (Here is the second degree:) He that believeth on me; as the Scripture hath said out of his belly that flow rivers of living water: and this he spake of the Spirit, which they that believe on Him should receive. Here is the third degree. 2. The Words Dispensation of God's grace and going on from Faith to Fa _ith even unto Perfection cannot offend you by their novelty, for they are as old as primitive Christianity and St. Paul, who used them all: See Eph. 111.2, Rom. 1.17, and Heb. VI.1 . your objection is therefore less reasonable than that of the men, who reject the distinction of Father, Son and Holy Ghost in the Deity, because the Word Trinitydoes not occur in Scripture: But, 3. 1 will prove you, that, altho' the \113rd. s I use were not in the Scriptures, yet the Things I contend for are there: To do it, I shall take a view of the most remarkable conversions described in the New Testament, and shew that they display the three degrees of faith which I plead for. Let us begin by the Conversion of the Apostles. They were Theists, they believed in God before our Lord called them, unless we suppose that in a nation who knew and worshipped the true God, our Saviour picked up 12 Atheists to wait upon him. Here is then (1) Faith in the Father.—When Christ had called them, when they saw his first miracle in Cana, believed on him there and left all
Atmospheric Pressure MALDI/Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (2000)

A new sample ionization technique, atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP MALDI), was coupled with a commercial ion trap mass spectrometer. This configuration enables the application-specific selection of external atmospheric ionization sources: the electrospray/APCI (commercially available) and AP MALDI (built in-house), which can be readily interchanged within minutes. The detection limit of the novel AP MALDI/ion trap is 10-50 fmol of analyte deposited on the target surface for a four-component mixture of peptides with 800-1700 molecular weight. The possibility of peptide structural analysis by MS/MS and MS3 experiments for AP MALDI-generated ions was demonstrated for the first time.
High prevalence of species D human adenoviruses in fecal specimens from Urban Kenyan children with diarrhea (2009)

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide range of clinical syndromes and are classified in seven species, A-G, comprising 52 serotypes. HAdV-A31, -F40, and -F41 have been associated with diarrhea in infants and young children. In developing countries gastroenteritis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children and, in comparison to rotaviruses, there are no data on the HAdVs associated with diarrhea in pediatric patients in Kenya. This study investigates the prevalence and genotypes of HAdVs in 278 stool specimens (211 diarrheal; 67 non-diarrheal) from children < or =14 years of age in urban and rural areas in Kenya. Stool specimens were screened for HAdVs using a nested polymerase chain reaction and the HAdVs genotyped by sequence analysis of a conserved hexon gene fragment. HAdVs were detected in 104/278 (37.4%) of the stool specimens: 35/43 (81.4%) of diarrheal and 10/61 (16.4%) of non-diarrheal stool specimens from children in an urban hospice; 25/94 (26.6%) of diarrheal specimens from urban children and 34/80 (42.5%) of diarrheal specimens from children in a rural area. Species D HAdVs were identified as the most prevalent HAdV species in diarrheal stool specimens from urban children comprising 18/37 (48.6%) of the strains identified. In contrast HAdV species F predominated in pediatric diarrheal specimens from the rural area, being identified in 7/16 (43.8%) of the characterized strains. This study provides valuable new data on the prevalence and distribution of HAdV genotypes in diarrheal stool specimens in Kenya and Africa, and highlights the necessity for further investigations.
Directed Evolution to Improve the Thermostability of Prolyl Endopeptidase (2000)

Prolyl endopeptidase is the only endopeptidase that specifically cleaves peptides at proline residues. Although this unique specificity is advantageous for application in protein chemistry, the stability of the enzyme is lower than those of commonly used peptidases such as subtilisin and trypsin. Therefore, we attempted to apply a directed evolution system to improve the thermostability of the enzyme. First, an efficient expression system for the enzyme in Escherichia coli was established using the prolyl endopeptidase gene from Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Then, a method for screening thermostable variants was developed by combining heat treatment with active staining on membrane filters. Random mutagenesis by error-prone PCR and screening was repeated three times, and as a result the thermostability of the enzyme was increased step by step as the amino acid substitutions accumulated. The most thermostable mutant obtained after the third cycle, PEP-407, showed a half-life of 42 min at 60 degrees C, which was 60 times longer than that of the wild-type enzyme. The thermostable mutant was also more stable with a high concentration of glycerol, which is a necessary condition for in vitro amidation.
Tie2 Receptor Ligands, Angiopoietin-1 and Angiopoietin-2, Modulate VEGF-Induced Postnatal Neovascularization (1998)

Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) has been recently identified as the major physiological ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor Tie2 and assigned responsibility for recruiting and sustaining periendothelial support cells. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) was found to disrupt blood vessel formation in the developing embryo by antagonizing the effects of Ang1 and Tie2 and was thus considered to represent a natural Ang1/Tie2 inhibitor. In vivo effects of either angiopoietin on postnatal neovascularization, however, have not been previously described. Accordingly, we used the cornea micropocket assay of neovascularization to investigate the impact of angiopoietins on neovascularization in vivo. Neither Ang1 nor Ang2 alone promoted neovascularization. Pellets containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) alone induced corneal neovascularity extending from the limbus across the cornea. Addition of Ang 1 to VEGF (Ang1+VEGF) produced an increase in macroscopically evident perfusion of the corneal neovasculature without affecting macroscopic measurements of length (0.58+/-0.03 mm) or circumferential neovascularity (136+/-10 degrees). In contrast, pellets containing Ang2+VEGF promoted significantly longer (0.67+/-0.05 mm) and more circumferential (160+/-15degrees) neovascularity than VEGF alone or Ang1+VEGF (P<0.05). Excess soluble Tie2 receptor (sTie2-Fc) precluded modulation of VEGF-induced neovascularization by both Ang2 and Ang1. Fluorescent microscopic findings demonstrated enhanced capillary density (fluorescence intensity, 2.55+/-0.23 e+9 versus 1.23+/-0.17 e+9, P<0.01) and increased luminal diameter of the basal limbus artery (39.0+/-2.8 versus 27.9+/-1.3 microm, P<0.01) for Ang1+VEGF compared with VEGF alone. In contrast to Ang1+VEGF, Ang2+VEGF produced longer vessels and, at the tip of the developing capillaries, frequent isolated sprouting cells. In the case of Ang2+VEGF, however, luminal diameter of the basal limbus artery was not increased (26.7+/-1.9 versus 27.9+/-1.3, P=NS). These findings constitute what is to our knowledge the first direct demonstration of postnatal bioactivity associated with either angiopoietin. In particular, these results indicate that angiopoietins may potentiate the effects of other angiogenic cytokines. Moreover, these findings provide in vivo evidence that Ang1 promotes vascular network maturation, whereas Ang2 works to initiate neovascularization.
Efficient discovery of regular stride patterns in irregular programs and its use in compiler prefetching (2002)

Irregular data references are difficult to prefetch, as the future memory address of a load instruction is hard to anticipate by a compiler. However, recent studies as well as our experience indicate that some important load instructions in irregular programs contain stride access patterns. Although the load instructions with stride patterns are difficult to identify with static compiler techniques, we developed an efficient profiling method to discover these load instructions. The new profiling method integrates the profiling for stride information and the traditional profiling for edge frequency into a single profiling pass. The integrated profiling pass runs only 17% slower than the frequency profiling alone. The collected stride information helps the compiler to identify load instructions with stride patterns that can be prefetched efficiently and beneficially. We implemented the new profiling and prefetching techniques in a research compiler for Itanium Processor Family (IPF), and obtained significant performance improvement for the SPECINT2000 programs running on Itanium machines. For example, we achieved a 1.59x speedup for 181.mcf, 1.14x for 254.gap, and 1.08x for 197.parser. We also showed that the performance gain is stable across input data sets. These benefits make the new profiling and prefetching techniques suitable for production compilers.
Characterization of individual weights in transversal filters and application to CCDs (1982)

Time-domain sampling and averaging techniques for direct measurement of individual tap weights of transversal filters are considered. The essential features of the measurement and the corresponding instrumentation requirements are discussed from a general viewpoint; guidelines are determined for the implementation of measurement set-ups by using existing circuits and instruments. An application of the technique to the characterization of split-electrode CCD filters is then considered in detail and criteria for the analysis of experimental data are discussed. It is shown that separate evaluation of different sources of errors in the tap weights is possible. In particular, in the devices experimentally studied, three known error sources were quantitatively analyzed: charge-transfer inefficiency, mask misalignments, and uneven charge repartition. Application of the same techniques is also envisaged for the characterization of other CCD devices such as delay lines and imagers.
Arterial baroreflexes and blood pressure and heart rate variabilities in humans. (1986)

The factors responsible for 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate variabilities have never been clarified; however, studies performed in unanesthetized animals have shown an increase in blood pressure variability after sinoaortic denervation, and a negative relationship has been reported occasionally between blood pressure variability and baroreflex control of heart rate in humans. We have systematically investigated this issue in 82 ambulant hypertensive subjects using 24-hour intraarterial blood pressure recording (Oxford method) in which blood pressure and heart rate variabilities were measured by calculating the standard deviations of the values obtained throughout the 24 hours or during separate daytime and nighttime periods. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by the bradycardic or tachycardic responses to intravenous injections of phenylephrine or nitroglycerin and by the blood pressure response to changes in carotid transmural pressure obtained with a neck chamber. The sensitivity of the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex as assessed by the vasoactive drug technique showed a negative relationship with 24-hour blood pressure variability as well as with daytime and nighttime blood pressure variabilities measured separately (r = -0.28 to -0.50, p less than 0.05). These variabilities also correlated negatively with the sensitivity of the baroreceptor-blood pressure reflex as assessed by the neck chamber technique. By contrast, baroreflex sensitivity showed a positive correlation with heart rate variabilities (r = 0.32 to 0.47, p less than 0.05). The relationship between baroreflex sensitivity and blood pressure and heart rate variabilities was confirmed when the data were analyzed by multiple regression to adjust for blood pressure and age differences among the 82 subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tectonic environment and cause of earthquakes in the Three Gorges reservoir area (2011)

在三个峡水库区域的 Seismotectonics 被与发生在水库的被坝所围住的水前的地震使用 P 波浪断层摄影术调查。结果显示这些事件的那个大多数发生了在或在在高速度、低速度的 anomalies.These 带之间的速度坡度带附近有类似的特征到埋葬差错的地区。部分熔融的上面披风的材料的运动产生的压力和热应力可能联合沿着差错和如此的埋葬的差错贡献了地震活动，并且可能激活新地震破裂。
DAPI: a DNA-Specific Fluorescent Probe (1995)

DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is a DNA-specific probe which forms a fluorescent complex by attaching in the minor grove of A-T rich sequences of DNA. It also forms nonfluorescent intercalative complexes with double-stranded nucleic acids. The physicochemical properties of the dye and its complexes with nucleic acids and history of the development of this dye as a biological stain are described. The application of DAPI as a DNA-specific probe for flow cytometry, chromosome staining, DNA visualization and quantitation in histochemistry and biochemistry is reviewed. The mechanisms of DAPI-nucleic acid complex formation including minor groove binding, intercalation and condensation are discussed.
Intramolecular TaqMan probes for genetic analysis (2002)

Novel intramolecular TaqMan probes have been evaluated on the W1282X locus of the human ABCC7 gene and shown to be more efficient than traditional TaqMan probes.