gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing the Structure and Function of the Tachykinin Neurokinin-2 Receptor through Biosynthetic Incorporation of Fluorescent Amino Acids at Specific Sites (1996)

A general method for understanding the mechanisms of ligand recognition and activation of G protein-coupled receptors has been developed. A study of ligand-receptor interactions in the prototypic seven-transmembrane neurokinin-2 receptor (NK2) using this fluorescence-based approach is presented. A fluorescent unnatural amino acid was introduced at known sites into NK2 by suppression of UAG nonsense codons with the aid of a chemically misacylated synthetic tRNA specifically designed for the incorporation of unnatural amino acids during heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes. Fluorescence-labeled NK2 mutants containing an unique 3-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (NBD-Dap) residue at either site 103, in the first extracellular loop, or 248, in the third cytoplasmic loop, were functionally active. The fluorescent NK2 mutants were investigated by microspectrofluorimetry in a native membrane environment. Intermolecular distances were determined by measuring the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the fluorescent unnatural amino acid and a fluorescently labeled NK2 heptapeptide antagonist. These distances, calculated by the theory of Förster, permit to fix the ligand in space and define the structure of the receptor in a molecular model for NK2 ligand-receptor interactions. Our data are the first report of the incorporation of a fluorescent unnatural amino acid into a membrane protein in intact cells by the method of nonsense codon suppression, as well as the first measurement of experimental distances between a G protein-coupled receptor and its ligand by FRET. The method presented here can be generally applied to the analysis of spatial relationships in integral membrane proteins such as receptors or channels.
Non-endoscopic diagnosis of atrophic gastritis with a blood test. Correlation between gastric histology and serum levels of gastrin-17 and pepsinogen I (2003)

The diagnosis of atrophic gastritis obtained with the blood test panel of S-G-17, S-PGI and H. pylori antibodies is in good agreement with the endoscopic and biopsy findings. The panel is a tool for non-endoscopic diagnosis and screening of atrophic gastritis.
Ultrastable and Atomically Smooth Ultrathin Silver Films Grown on a Copper Seed Layer (2013)

An effective method to deposit atomically smooth ultrathin silver (Ag) films by employing a 1 nm copper (Cu) seed layer is reported. The inclusion of the Cu seed layer leads to the deposition of films with extremely low surface roughness (<0.5 nm), while it also reduces the minimum thickness required to obtain a continuous Ag film (percolation thickness) to 3 nm compared to 6 nm without the seed layer. Moreover, the Cu seed layer alters the growth mechanism of the Ag film by providing energetically favorable nucleation sites for the incoming Ag atoms leading to an improved surface morphology and concomitant lower electrical sheet resistance. Optical measurements together with X-ray diffraction and electrical resistivity measurements confirmed that the Ag film undergoes a layer-by-layer growth mode resulting in a smaller grain size. The Cu seeded Ag growth method provides a feasible way to deposit ultrathin Ag films for nanoscale electronic, plasmonic and photonic applications. In addition, as a result of the improved uniformity, the oxidation of the Ag layer is strongly reduced to negligible values.
Kallikreins, steroid hormones and ovarian cancer: is there a link? (2002)

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases with diverse physiological functions. The human kallikrein gene family has now been fully characterized and includes 15 members tandemly located on chromosome 19q13.4. Strong experimental evidence supports a link between kallikreins and endocrine malignancies and especially, ovarian cancer. Three new kallikreins have been shown to be potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for ovarian cancer. Many other kallikreins are also differentially expressed in ovarian cancer, and preliminary reports underline their possible prognostic value. The mechanism by which kallikreins could be involved in ovarian cancer pathology is not known. A likely link could be their regulation through the steroid hormone receptor pathway. Most kallikreins are under sex steroid hormonal regulation in cancer cell lines. Given the co-expression of many kallikreins in ovarian cancer, it is reasonable to postulate that kallikreins are involved in a cascade enzymatic pathway that plays a role in cancer progression. A multiparametric kallikrein expression profile may be a useful tool for ovarian cancer diagnosis/prognosis when used either alone or in conjunction with existing markers.
Unusual stresses require attention to bit selection (1990)

The unique stresses imposed on a rock bit during horizontal drilling can often have detrimental effects if operating parameters are not addressed thoroughly and a bit program developed accordingly. A number of phenomena either acting collectively or singularly can severely hamper the overall success of the program. These phenomena can be a function of the deviated well path, the formations encountered, or the increased use of downhole steerable motors and topdrive systems. While bits may be a small portion of overall well costs, improper selection can have an adverse effect on the outcome of a horizontal program. This paper deals with many of the considerations for selecting bits for horizontal drilling.
Media searching on mobile devices (2007)

Mobile devices such as cellular phones are now capable of storing a significant amount of multimedia files and personal data. However these devices still use traditional directory browsing which offers little in terms of usability for searching and retrieving specific files. In this paper we design and implement a prototype media search engine for a mobile phone. We use modified versions of open source search and metadata extraction libraries along with scrollable instant search results and an auto-fill feature. The prototype has acceptable performance in terms of resource requirement and execution speed. Potential applications may include multimedia file searching in distributed mobile computing and peer-to-peer file sharing environments.
Screening for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review to Update the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (2013)

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
A programmable gain/loss circuit (1987)

A general-purpose gain/loss circuit is described. Its function is controlled by an 8-b digital word. It provides up to 256 0.1-dB steps in gain or loss. The circuit has two modes of incremental gain/loss steps (two sets of gain/loss values for bits in the control word). A ninth bit selects between gain and loss. The IC has three digital interfaces: serial, parallel clocked input, and parallel fixed input. The chip is fabricated in a 3-/spl mu/m CMOS n-well process. It requires a /spl plusmn/5-V power supply, and for maximum gain of 25.5 dB, the 0.1-dB large-signal bandwidth is 260 kHz.
Retardation of metastatic tumor growth after immunization with metastasis‐specific monoclonal antibodies (1990)

The influence of 4 murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against surface determinants of a metastasizing rat adenocarcinoma (BSp73ASML) on metastatic spread was evaluated and compared to their in vivo binding as well as to the induction of a humoral anti-MAb response, especially with respect to the development of anti-idiotypic (ID) antibodies of the internal image type. In a protocol of explicit immunization, all 4 MAbs transiently inhibited metastatic growth. Survival was prolonged only with one MAb (4.4ASML). With another MAb (1.1ASML), directed against a new variant form of CD44, metastatic growth was accelerated after transient retardation. Retardation of metastatic growth correlated with the humoral anti-MAb response. This accounted for the isotype- as well as for the idiotype-specific response. An exception was noted after immunization with MAb 1.1ASML. Rats with high levels of anti-1.1ASML antibodies, which inhibited binding to the tumor cells (internal image-type antibodies) showed accelerated metastatic spread. Data are interpreted to mean that MAb-induced inhibition of metastatic spread may be based on 2 independent mechanisms: blockade of metastasis-associated epitopes (i.e., with MAb 1.1ASML) and induction of an anti-mouse Ig response. In the latter case it was irrelevant whether the response was isotype- or idiotype-specific.
A New Start for Triglycerides and Remnant Cholesterol—Nonfasting (2017)

My first independent scientific project was to understand why patients with lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency, the chylomicronemia syndrome, and severely increased plasma triglycerides did not develop cardiovascular disease. At the time this was a great mystery, one that led to the belief that triglycerides, unlike cholesterol, were not important for the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. This belief was supported by studies by George Lyman Duff and others, published in the late 1940s, showing that the alloxan-diabetic, cholesterol-fed rabbit with severely increased triglycerides likewise did not develop atherosclerosis.
Treatment of idiopathic menorrhagia with tranexamic acid. (2005)

Tranexamic acid is a safe and effective form of medical therapy in women with menorrhagia; also increases quality of life in these women.
Tuning the Reactivity ofO-tert-ButyldimethylsilylimidazolylAminals Towards Organolithium Reagents (2003)

O-tert-Butyldimethylsilylimidazolyl aminals are N,O-acetals that form readily from aldehydes, and although they function as aldehyde stabilizing and protecting groups under various conditions, we report here that they react with organolithium reagents similarly to the parent aldehydes. The mechanism involves the intermediate formation of a 2-imidazolyl anion as is exemplified by the isolation of 2-TBDMS-imidazole. Substitution of the imidazolyl moiety at the 2-position renders these aldehyde derivatives stable to organolithium reagents, thus allowing for the tuning of their reactivity.
Cinchona Derivatives as Bifunctional Organocatalysts for the Direct Asymmetric Nitroaldol (Henry) Reaction (2005)

Bifunctional Cinchona derivatives are asymmetric catalysts for the nitroaldol reaction. Enantiomeric excesses up to 45% have been achieved with activated aromatic aldehydes.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Blockade Reverses Postinjury Macrophage Suppression (1994)

Pretreatment with mifepristone before an injury prevented suppression of several macrophage functions. Further studies are required on the effects of glucocorticoid inhibition on other aspects of the immune and metabolic responses to injury to define the potential clinical applications of mifepristone trauma.
Signal amplification of padlock probes by rolling circle replication (1998)

Circularizing oligonucleotide probes (padlock probes) have the potential to detect sets of gene sequences with high specificity and excellent selectivity for sequence variants, but sensitivity of detection has been limiting. By using a rolling circle replication (RCR) mechanism, circularized but not unreacted probes can yield a powerful signal amplification. We demonstrate here that in order for the reaction to proceed efficiently, the probes must be released from the topological link that forms with target molecules upon hybridization and ligation. If the target strand has a nearby free 3' end, then the probe-target hybrids can be displaced by the polymerase used for replication. The displaced probe can then slip off the targetstrand and a rolling circle amplification is initiated. Alternatively, the target sequence itself can prime an RCR after its non-base paired 3' end has been removed by exonucleolytic activity. We found the Phi29 DNA polymerase to be superior to the Klenow fragment in displacing the target DNA strand, and it maintained the polymerization reaction for at least 12 h, yielding an extension product that represents several thousand-fold the length of the padlock probe.
Purification of Membrane Proteins (2003)

In contrast to soluble proteins, the isolation of a peripheral or integral membrane protein requires extraction of the biological membrane containing the protein of interest prior to purification. The most commonly used extraction procedures to isolate membrane proteins are described in Chapter 28 . Following initial solubilization in high concentrations of detergent (1), intrinsic proteins can then be purified to homogeneity using a variety of biochemical techniques (see Chapters 14–24) in the presence of relatively low concentrations of detergent. Solubilized membrane proteins from diverse sources and with different properties have successfully been purified by a combination of standard techniques, such as density gradient centrifugation, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, lectin chromatography, and different forms of affinity chromatography methods. Usually separation techniques based on biological differences,such as affinity chromatography using specific ligands, probes, or anti-bodies highly specific for a membrane protein, result in a higher yield and purity of the isolated protein than chromatographical methods based on physical differences, such as size and charge of the membrane protein (2,3). An especially powerful separation technique for the initial purification of membrane-associated glycoproteins is lectin affinity chromatography. As described in more detail in Chapter 18 , this method explores the highly specific interaction between N- and O-linked oligosaccharide chains on glycosylated proteins with immobilized lectins, which usually results in a remarkable enrichment of integral glycoproteins (4).
Game of Circles: Conversations Between Don Quixote and Sancho (2000)

Accolades accumulated during the centuries weigh heavily upon Don Quixote de la Mancha (Part 1, 1605; Part 2, 1615) making it a behemoth of a classic, not only in terms of its size and tendency on occasion to ramble, but also due to the enormous applause it has received from authors and critics the world over. More than a trail-breaking predecessor like the first picaresque novel Lazarillo de Tormes (1554) or one of its famous imitations Huckleberry Finn (1884), Cervantes's book has earned the unqualified praise of critics and writers alike. To top off the devotion of Fielding, Smollet, Sterne, Diderot, Stendhal, Flaubert, Daudet, there is Milan Kundera's assertion, "The artist need answer to no one except Cervantes." 1 All fiction is a recreation of the theme of Don Quixote, insists Lionel Trilling.
Electrical Stimulation of the Vagus Nerve Enhances Cognitive and Motor Recovery following Moderate Fluid Percussion Injury in the Rat (2005)

Intermittent, chronically delivered electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve (VNS) is an FDA-approved procedure for the treatment of refractory complex/partial epilepsy in humans. Stimulation of the vagus has also been shown to enhance memory storage processes in laboratory rats and human subjects. Recent evidence suggests that some of these effects of VNS may be due to the activation of neurons in the nucleus locus coeruleus resulting in the release of norepinephrine (NE) throughout the neuraxis. Because antagonism of NE systems has been shown to delay recovery of function following brain damage, it is possible that enhanced release of NE in the CNS may facilitate recovery of function. To evaluate this hypothesis the lateral fluid percussion injury (LFP) model of traumatic brain injury was used and a variety of motor and cognitive behavioral tests were employed to assess recovery in pre-trained stimulated, control, and sham-injured laboratory rats. Two hours following moderate LFP, vagus nerve stimulation (30.0-sec trains of 0.5 mA, 20.0 Hz, biphasic pulses) was initiated. Stimulation continued in each animal's home cage at 30-min intervals for a period of 14 days, with the exception of brief periods when the animals were disconnected for behavioral assessments. Motor behaviors were evaluated every other day following LFP and tests included beam walk, locomotor placing, and skilled forelimb reaching. In each measure an enhanced rate of recovery and /or level of final performance was observed in the VNS-LFP animals compared to nonstimulated LFP controls. Behavior in the Morris water maze was assessed on days 11-14 following injury. Stimulated LFP animals showed significantly shorter latencies to find the hidden platform than did controls. Despite these behavioral effects, neurohistological examination did not reveal significant differences in lesion extent, density of fluorojade positive neurons, reactive astrocytes or numbers of spared neurons in the CA3 subarea of the hippocampus, at least at the one time point studied 15 days post-injury. These results support the idea that vagus nerve stimulation enhances the neural plasticity that underlies recovery of function following brain damage and provides indirect support for the hypothesis that enhanced NE release may mediate the effect. Importantly, since VNS facilitated both the rate of recovery and the extent of motor and cognitive recovery, these findings suggest that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve may prove to be an effective non-pharmacological treatment for traumatic brain injury.
Novel Organometallic Building Blocks for Molecular Crystal Engineering. 2. Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridyl and Pyrimidyl Derivatives of Diboronic Acid, [Fe(η5-C5H4-B(OH)2)2], and of Pyridyl Boronic Acid, [Fe(η5-C5H4-4-C5H4N)(η5-C5H4-B(OH)2)] (2003)

The synthesis and structural characterization of the ferrocenyl diboronic acid complex [Fe(η5-C5H4-B(OH)2)2] (1) and of its products of monosubstitution, [Fe(η5-C5H4-4-C5H4N)(η5-C5H4-B(OH)2)] (2 in three polymorphic modifications, 2a−c), and of disubstitution, [Fe(η5-C5H4-4-C5H4N)2] (4), [Fe(η5-C5H4-C6H4-4-C5H4N)2] (6), and [Fe(η5-C5H4-5-C4H3N2)2] (7), are reported together with an investigation of the mode of supramolecular bonding in the solid state. The competition between the hydrogen-bonding interactions of the (B)O−H···O(B) and (B)O−H···N types in the cases of crystalline 1 and 2 has been investigated. The B(OH)2 group provides two hydrogen bonding donor groups and two acceptors, forming mainly cyclic hydrogen-bonded systems in topological analogy with a primary amido group. Compounds 4, 6, and 7 are examples of neutral disubstituted pyridyl and pyrimidyl ferrocenyl complexes with potentials as supramolecular ligands. The compounds [Fe(η5-C5H4-4-C5H4NH)(η5-C5H4-B(OH)2)][NO3] (3a), [Fe(η5-C5H4-4-C5H4NH)(η5-C5H4-B(OH)2)][SO4]·3H2O (3b), and [Fe(η5-C5H4-4-C5H4NH)2][Cl]2·4H2O (5) have been obtained by treatment with acids of compounds 2 and 4, respectively. The interionic hydrogen bonds have also been investigated.
Detection of 14N and 35Cl in Cocaine Base and Hydrochloride Using NQR, NMR, and SQUID Techniques (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetection of 14N and 35Cl in Cocaine Base and Hydrochloride Using NQR, NMR, and SQUID TechniquesJames P. Yesinowski, Michael L. Buess, Allen N. Garroway, Marcia. Ziegeweid, and Alexander. PinesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 13, 2256–2263Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00109a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00109a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views465Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solution-Phase Synthesis of Cu2O Nanocubes (2002)

We report here the solution-phase synthesis of highly uniform and monodisperse cubic Cu2O nano- and microcubes. Copper(II) salts in water are reduced with sodium ascorbate in air, in the presence of a surfactant. The average edge length of the cubes varies from 200 to 450 nm, as a function of surfactant concentration. Transmission electronic microscopy suggests that these cubes are composed of small nanoparticles and appear to be hollow.
On spatial quantization of color images (2000)

Image quantization and digital halftoning, two fundamental image processing problems, are generally performed sequentially and, in most cases, independent of each other. Color reduction with a pixel-wise defined distortion measure and the halftoning process with its local averaging neighborhood typically optimize different quality criteria or, frequently, follow a heuristic approach without reference to any quantitative quality measure. In this paper, we propose a new model to simultaneously quantize and halftone color images. The method is based on a rigorous cost-function approach which optimizes a quality criterion derived from a simplified model of human perception. It incorporates spatial and contextual information into the quantization and thus overcomes the artificial separation of quantization and halftoning. Optimization is performed by an efficient multiscale procedure which substantially alleviates the computational burden. The quality criterion and the optimization algorithms are evaluated on a representative set of artificial and real-world images showing a significant image quality improvement compared to standard color reduction approaches. Applying the developed cost function, we also suggest a new distortion measure for evaluating the overall quality of color reduction schemes.
Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition by Mutant Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Variant III Contributes to the Neoplastic Phenotype of Glioblastoma Multiforme (2004)

We conclude that the neoplastic phenotype of EGFRvIII is relatively resistant to gefitinib and requires higher doses, repeated dosing, and longer exposure to decrease receptor phosphorylation. However, this decrease does not effectively inhibit the biologically relevant processes of DNA synthesis, cellular growth, and invasion in cells expressing EGFRvIII.
Studies Examining the Relationship between the Chemical Structure of Protoxin II and Its Activity on Voltage Gated Sodium Channels (2014)

The aqueous solution structure of protoxin II (ProTx II) indicated that the toxin comprises a well-defined inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) backbone region and a flexible C-terminal tail region, similar to previously described NaSpTx III tarantula toxins. In the present study we sought to explore the structure-activity relationship of the two regions of the ProTx II molecule. As a first step, chimeric toxins of ProTx II and PaTx I were synthesized and their biological activities on Nav1.7 and Nav1.2 channels were investigated. Other tail region modifications to this chimera explored the effects of tail length and tertiary structure on sodium channel activity. In addition, the activity of various C-terminal modifications of the native ProTx II was assayed and resulted in the identification of protoxin II-NHCH3, a molecule with greater potency against Nav1.7 channels (IC50=42 pM) than the original ProTx II.