gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for effect of mutant PCSK9 on apolipoprotein B secretion as the cause of unusually severe dominant hypercholesterolaemia (2005)

Typically, autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is caused by mutations in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor or apolipoprotein B genes that result in defective clearance of plasma LDL by the liver, but a third gene (PCSK9), encoding a putative proprotein convertase, has recently been implicated. Two independent microarray studies support a role for PCSK9 in sterol metabolism and adenoviral-mediated over-expression of PCSK9 in mouse liver depletes hepatic LDL-receptor protein, but the mechanism by which dominant mutations cause human FH is unclear. We have identified the D374Y mutant of PCSK9 in three FH families of English origin; all 12 affected individuals have unusually severe hypercholesterolaemia and require more stringent treatment than typical FH patients, who are heterozygous for defects in the LDL receptor. We have stably expressed wild-type (WT) and variant PCSK9 in McArdle-7777 rat hepatoma cells and shown by confocal microscopy that all forms of PCSK9 co-localize with protein disulphide isomerase in the ER whether or not they can be autocleaved. Expression of the proposed pathogenic variants, but not of WT, S386A or F216L PCSK9, increases secretion of apolipoprotein B100-containing lipoproteins from the cells by 2-4-fold probably by reducing the degradation of nascent protein; no differences in LDL-receptor content were observed in cells expressing WT, S386A or F216L PCSK9 and only a small reduction in cells expressing the D374Y or S127R mutants. This suggests that the variants of PCSK9 found in FH influence the secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins, providing an explanation for the marked increase in circulating LDL in heterozygous carriers.
InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors for long wavelength optical communications (1991)

A review is presented of the properties of interdigitated metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) Schottky barrier photodetectors based on the InGaAs-InP material system, and the performance achieved by experimental devices is discussed. The experimental work concentrates on the barrier-enhanced lattice-matched InAlAs-InGaAs device grown by low pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD), which has to date yielded detectors with the highest performance characteristics. Current research on their integration with FETs to form monolithic receivers and with waveguides for on-chip optical signal processing is also included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pharmacogenetics of outcome in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2005)

Acquired genetic characteristics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells are used to individualize therapy, whereas germ line genetic characteristics generally are not. We determined whether ALL outcome was related to 16 genetic polymorphisms affecting the pharmacodynamics of antileukemic agents. Of 246 children, 116 were treated on the lower-risk (LR) and 130 on the higher-risk (HR) arms of a St Jude protocol. Patients in the HR group with the glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1) non-null genotype had greater risk of hematologic relapse (P = .03), which was further increased by the thymidylate synthetase (TYMS) 3/3 genotype (P = .03). These genotypes remained predictive in multivariate analyses (P < .001 and .003, respectively). No genotypes were predictive in the LR arm. Expression of these 2 genes in ALL blasts was lower in those with low-activity genotypes. For central nervous system relapse, among the HR group, the vitamin D receptor start site (P = .02) and intron 8 genotypes (P = .04) predisposed, whereas for LR patients the TYMS 3/3 genotype predisposed (P = .04). The GSTM1 non-null and TYMS 3/3 genotypes are plausibly linked to drug resistance. Polymorphisms interact to influence antileukemic outcome and represent determinants of response that can be used to optimize therapy.
[Dynamics of three kinds of nitrogen in surface water of rice field with an independent irrigation system]. (2004)

Studies on the dynamics of NH4+, NO3- and TN concentrations in the surface water of paddy field with an independent irrigation system showed that the concentration of NH4+ and TN in surface water was increased to the maximum after 1day of each urea application, and then decreased rapidly with time. The ratio of NH4+/TN, NO3-/TN and (NH4+ + NO3-)/TN was increased firstly, and then decreased. NH4+ and TN could be used as the main indexes for the water pollution of the paddy field, and NO3- used as the assistant one. There existed a positive relation between the concentration of these three kinds of nitrogen and N application amount. Nine days after urea application was the key time to prevent the gross loss of the three kinds of nitrogen in the water surface of the paddy field. The simulation expressions of NH4+ and TN with time factor could be exponential, logarithmic, power or binomial, while NO3- had no appropriate expression. The simulation with factors of time and N application amount showed that the simulation expressions of NH4+ and TN were the same.
Structure of an interleukin-1.beta. mutant with reduced bioactivity shows multiple subtle changes in conformation that affect protein-protein recognition (1993)

Site-specific mutagenesis was used to obtain the human interleukin-1 beta mutant protein with glycine substituted for threonine at position 9 (IL-1 beta Thr9Gly). The mutant maintains receptor binding but exhibits significantly reduced biological activity. The crystal structure of IL-1 beta Thr9Gly has been determined at 2.4-A resolution by molecular replacement techniques and refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 19.0%. IL-1 beta Thr9Gly crystallizes in a different space group (P6(5)22) than does native IL-1 beta (P4(3)); thus the molecules pack differently. Their overall structure is similar, nevertheless, with both composed of 153 amino acids which form 12 antiparallel beta-strands. However, significant conformational differences both close to and far from the site of the mutation may explain the mutant's altered properties.
Model-based halftoning (1991)

New model-based approaches to digital halftoning are proposed. They are intended primarily for laser printers, which generate 'distortions' such as 'dot overlap'. Conventional methods, such as clustered-dot ordered dither, resist distortions at the expense of spatial and gray-scale resolution. Our methods rely on printer models that predict distortions and, rather than merely resisting them, they exploit them to increase, rather than decrease, gray-scale and spatial resolution. We propose a general framework for printer models, and find a specific model of laser printers. As an example of model-based halftoning we propose a modification of error diffusion, which is often considered the best halftoning method of CRT displays with no significant distortions. The new version exploits the printer model to extend the benefits of error diffusion to printers. Experiments show that it provides high quality reproductions with reasonable complexity. The quality of printed images obtained using the new technique on a 300 dots/inch printer is comparable to the quality of images obtained with traditional techniques (e.g. 'Classical' screening) on a 400 dots/inch printer. Model-based halftoning can be especially useful in transmission of high quality documents using high fidelity gray-scale image encoders. As we show in a companion paper, is such cases halftoning is performed at the receiver, just before printing. Apart form coding efficiency, this approach permits the halftoner to be tuned to the individual printer, whose characteristics may vary considerably from those of other printers, for example, write-black vs. write-white laser printers.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Rutin in buckwheat herbs grown at different UV-B radiation levels: comparison of two UV spectrophotometric and an HPLC method (2002)

Rutin is an antioxidant with many interesting pharmacological effects. It can also be found in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). UV radiation stimulates the activity of enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway and there is some evidence that it influences the rutin content in plants. The aim of the present research was (1) to examine the influence of different levels of UV-B radiation on rutin content and (2) to compare the results obtained by three analytical methods. The plants were grown under three UV-B levels: reduced, ambient and enhanced, simulating 17% ozone depletion. Analyses were performed by HPLC and two spectrophotometric methods. In one, the absorbancies were measured at 420 nm with and without the addition of AlCl(3). In another method the concentration was calculated from absorbancies at 352.5 nm and 366.5 nm according to the Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. The highest amounts of rutin were found in flowers, followed by leaves and stems. A comparison of the different treatments revealed that the highest amounts of rutin were in plants grown under ambient radiation, followed by the plants cultivated under enhanced UV-B and then under reduced UV-B radiation. Treatments caused more effect on leaves than on flowers. Leaves developed under ambient light conditions contained 97% more rutin than leaves grown under reduced UV-B radiation. In flowers, the contents differed by 19% only. The results obtained using the three methods showed a good correlation, but the absolute differences were surprisingly high. The AOAC and the AlCl(3) methods gave, on average, 140% and 30% higher results than HPLC, respectively.
Some Experiments in Television Graphics and Animation Using a Digital Image Memory (1979)

This paper describes an experimental digital video system which can be used for interactive creation and manipulation of simple, cartoon-like graphics and animated imagery. The videographics system (known informally as “SuperPaint”) was designed and built at Xerox in 1973 as an experiment in computer imaging and digital picture composition. Since then, it has been further developed as a computer graphics research tool and used for a variety of experiments in television graphics and imaging.
39 Receptor mediated apoptosis of CD8+T cells by the B subunits of cholera-like enterotoxins (1998)

Conference Article| November 01 1998 39 Receptor mediated apoptosis of CD8+T cells by the B subunits of cholera-like enterotoxins Richard S. Pitman; Richard S. Pitman 1Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Timothy R. Hirst; Timothy R. Hirst 1Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Toufic O. Nashar; Toufic O. Nashar 1Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Neil A. Williams Neil A. Williams 1Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1998) 26 (4): S338. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst026s338 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Richard S. Pitman, Timothy R. Hirst, Toufic O. Nashar, Neil A. Williams; 39 Receptor mediated apoptosis of CD8+T cells by the B subunits of cholera-like enterotoxins. Biochem Soc Trans 1 November 1998; 26 (4): S338. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst026s338 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1998 Biochemical Society1998 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Luminescence enhancement of EuS nanoclusters in zeolite (2000)

Large luminescence enhancement was observed in EuS clusters formed in ultrastable zeolite-Y by solid-state diffusion in vacuum at 600 °C. The emission of EuS clusters shifts to higher energies relative to that of bulk EuS powder. The blueshift and the emission enhancement are attributed to quantum-size confinement and are discussed based on the magnetic exciton and the magnetic polaron models, respectively.
Adaptive fast data broadcasting scheme for video-on-demand service (1998)

As we support video-on-demand (VOD) service with batching schemes, the bandwidth requirement will be very large for a popular movie. For a hot video, fast data broadcasting scheme substantially reduce the bandwidth requirements as compared with batching schemes. However, the fast data broadcasting scheme needs to predict which movie is hot. If the prediction is not accurate, the allocated bandwidth will be wasted. This paper presents a new data broadcasting scheme for VOD service. For a movie, as it is popular, the new scheme will work like the fast data broadcasting scheme to save the communication bandwidth. If there is no request for the movie, the new scheme will not allocate bandwidth for the movie. Therefore, the bandwidth allocation for a movie is always efficient whether or not the movie is popular.
Extension of molecular replacement: a new search strategy based on Patterson correlation refinement (1990)

A new search strategy is presented to obtain initial phases for single-crystal diffraction data by molecular replacement. It consists of carrying out 'Patterson refinements' of a large number of the highest peaks of a rotation function. The target function for Patterson refinement is proportional to the negative correlation coefficient between the squared amplitudes of the observed and the calculated normalized structure factors. If the root-mean-square difference between the search model and the crystal structure is within the radius of convergence of the minimization procedure employed, the correct orientation can be identified by having the lowest value of the target function after refinement. Similar to conventional crystallographic R -factor refinement, the target function for Patterson refinement may be combined with an empirical energy function describing geometric and non-bonded interactions. Patterson refinement of individual atomic coordinates or of rigid-group parameters may be carried out. Search models of crambin and of myoglobin with 1.6-2.0 Å backbone atomic r.m.s, differences from the target crystal structures show that the Patterson refinement strategy can solve crystal structures that cannot be solved by conventional molecular replacement or even by full six-dimensional searches.
On-Chip Superconducting Microwave Circulator from Synthetic Rotation (2015)

Electrical circulators enforce the unidirectional flow of microwave signals through junctions in transmission lines, but off-the-shelf components create large magnetic fields that would interfere with nearby superconducting circuits in quantum-computing hardware. The authors design a circulator based on active modulation of its components, a design that uses no large magnets and may be integrated on the same chip as superconducting circuitry. An analogous problem exists in integrated optical networks, for both quantum and classical information applications, and this approach could be adapted to that context as well.
Morphological and immunochemical differences between keloid and hypertrophic scar. (1994)

There are two types of excessive scarring, keloid and hypertrophic scar. Contrary to hypertrophic scars, keloids do not regress with time, are difficult to revise surgically, and do not provoke scar contractures. These two lesions require different therapeutic approaches but are often confused because of an apparent lack of morphological differences. We have investigated the collagen organization and the possible presence of alpha-smooth muscle (SM) actin-expressing myofibroblasts in these conditions. Keloids contain large, thick collagen fibers composed of numerous fibrils closely packed together. In contrast hypertrophic scars exhibit modular structures in which fibroblastic cells, small vessels, and fine, randomly organized collagen fibers are present. We confirm that such nodular structures are always present in hypertrophic scar and rarely in keloid. Furthermore, only nodules of hypertrophic scars contain alpha-SM actin-expressing myofibroblasts. Electron microscopic examination supports the above-mentioned differences in collagen organization and in fibroblastic features and shows the presence of an amorphous extracellular material surrounding fibroblastic cells in keloid. The presence in hypertrophic scar myofibroblasts of alpha-SM actin, the actin isoform typical of vascular SM cells, may represent an important element in the pathogenesis of contraction. Interestingly, when placed in culture fibroblasts from hypertrophic scars and keloid express similar amounts of alpha-SM actin, suggesting that local microenvironmental factors influence in vivo the expression of this protein. Thus several morphological and immunohistochemical differences exist between hypertrophic scar and keloid that are useful for the biological and pathological characterization of the two lesions.
Pick's disease is associated with mutations in thetau gene (2000)

Recently, mutations within the tau gene have been associated with some familial forms of frontotemporal dementia. To investigate whether tau gene mutations are also associated with Pick's disease, we analyzed the tau gene in 30 cases of pathologically confirmed Pick's disease. Two coding mutations were identified in separate cases of Pick's disease. A glycine-to-arginine mutation at codon 389 was detected in 1 case and a lysine-to-threonine mutation at codon 257 was identified in another. Analysis of dephosphorylated tau from the brain of the patient with the codon 389 mutation revealed a prominent band representing tau, with four microtubule-binding domains and no amino terminal inserts. This is in contrast to Pick's disease without any tau gene mutations, which consist of tau with mainly three microtubule-binding domains and only a trace of tau, with four microtubule-binding domains. Functional analysis of tau with these two mutations demonstrated a reduced ability of tau to promote microtubule assembly. Surprisingly, these mutations increased tau's susceptibility to calpain I digestion, suggesting that this feature may be related to the formation of a Pick type of histology. Moreover, these data suggest that Pick's disease is not a separate entity but part of the frontotemporal dementia disease spectrum.
Mechanism of removal of senescent cells by human macrophages in situ. (1975)

Mechanisms by which macrophages discriminate between "mature-self" and "senescent-self" were investigated using the human red blood cell (RBC) system as a model. Conditions simulating those encountered in situ were adhered to as closely as possible by using short term culture techniques and incubating with autologous macrophages and immunoglobulins (Ig). It was found that RBC aged in vitro were phagocytized when they were incubated in pooled, normal human IgG, allogeneic Ig, autologous IgG or Ig, washed with medium, and then incubated with autologous macrophages. RBC treated in the same way but incubated in IgM or Iga, Ig-depleter serum, or Medium 199 alone were not phagocytized. This indicates that Ig is required for phagocytosis and suggests that the Ig which attaches to RBC is IgG. When freshly drawn RBC were separated into young (Y) and old (O) RBC according to density and incubated with autologous macrophages, less than 5% of the Y-RBC were phagocytized, whereas greater than 30% of the O-RBC were phagocytized, independent of whether the final incubations were performed in medium without serum (Y-RBC, 5 +/- 2% phagocytized; O-RBC, 33 +/- 1.5%), or autologous Ig-depleted serum (Y-RBC, 2 +/- 2.5%; O-RBC, 51 +/- 17%), or whole serum (Y-RBC, 0%; O-RBC, 43 +/- 5%). This indicates that (1) the Ig is attached in situ to the old RBC, and (2) that phagocytic recognition is not inhibited by other serum components. Scanning electron microscopy, employing labeled anti-IgG, IgM, and IgA reagents, revealed that Y-RBC had essentially no Ig on their surface, whereas old RBC had IgG on their surface. These findings indicate that IgG attaches in situ to senescent human RBC, making them vulnerable to phagocytosis by macrophages.
CD19-targeting liposomes containing imatinib efficiently kill Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (2004)

Patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+) ALL) have poor prognosis despite intensive therapeutic intervention. Recently, imatinib, a BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been proven to be an effective treatment for Ph(+) ALL, but nearly all patients rapidly acquire resistance. High-dose imatinib administration might overcome this resistance; however, systemic toxicities would likely limit this approach. Therefore, a new delivery system allowing for the specific targeting of imatinib is urgently needed. Because almost all Ph(+) ALL cells express CD19 on their surface, we have developed an immunoliposome carrying anti-CD19 antibody (CD19-liposomes). The internalization efficiency of the CD19-liposomes approached 100% in all Ph(+) ALL cells but was very low in CD19(-) cells. The cytocidal effect of imatinib-encapsulated CD19-liposomes (imatinib-CD19-liposomes) on Ph(+) ALL cell lines and primary leukemia cells from patients with Ph(+) ALL was much greater than that of imatinib with or without control liposomes. Importantly, the imatinib-CD19-liposomes did not affect the colony formation of CD34(+) hematopoietic cells, even at inhibitory concentration of free imatinib. Taken together, these data clearly demonstrate that the imatinib-CD19-liposomes induced specific and efficient death of Ph(+) ALL cells. This new therapeutic approach might be a useful treatment for Ph(+) ALL with fewer side effects than free imatinib.
siVirus: web-based antiviral siRNA design software for highly divergent viral sequences (2006)

siVirus (http://siVirus.RNAi.jp/) is a web-based online software system that provides efficient short interfering RNA (siRNA) design for antiviral RNA interference (RNAi). siVirus searches for functional, off-target minimized siRNAs targeting highly conserved regions of divergent viral sequences. These siRNAs are expected to resist viral mutational escape, since their highly conserved targets likely contain structurally/functionally constrained elements. siVirus will be a useful tool for designing optimal siRNAs targeting highly divergent pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), influenza virus and SARS coronavirus, all of which pose enormous threats to global human health.
Comparison of Technology and Capital Costs for New Home Services (1980)

This paper compares on a per subscriber basis the capital cost requirements of several new home services provided via a number of delivery system alternatives. The study was limited to alarm monitoring, electronic information, messaging, energy load management and pay-TV services, since it is expected that these services will play an important role among new telecommunicatin services offered to homes during the 1980' s. Since the role and penetration of new network architectures and technologies in the local distribution plant during the 80's is uncertain only existing off-air broadcast, telephone and coaxial cable networks and their suitably augmented versions have been considered as delivery network alternatives.