gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
연구보문 / 헛개나무의 생리활성 탐색 (1999)

강원도 양양에 자생하는 헛개나무의 증류수 및 에탄올 추출물의 간 기능 및 항암 활성에 대한 생리 활성을 검색한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 
헛개나무 추출물의 간 기능 및 간 해독작용의 검색 결과 에탄올 추출물들이 물 추출물들에 비하여 높은 해독작용을 나타내었으며, Cathepsin B를 이용한 알콜 대사 기능의 측정에서 헛개나무 열매껍질의 경우 알콜만 먹인 쥐에 비해 40-50%이상 빠른 대사 촉진을 나타었다.
각 추출물의 항암활성은 전체적으로 에탄올 추출물이 증류수 추출물에 비하여 높은 항암 활성을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유방암 세포주에 대해 수피의 에탄올 추출물의 경우0.5㎎/㎖의 농도에서 90%이상의 가장 높은 항암 활성을 나타내었다. 헛개나무 추출물들 및 분획물은 정상 세포에 대해 0.5㎎/㎖이하의 농도로 투여 시는 세포 생존율이 70%이상으로 유지시키며, 이 농도에서는 암세포만을 선택적으로 사멸시키는 선택성을 갖는 것으로 사료 되어진다. 헛개나무 에탄올 추출물의 각 분획물은 각각의 생리활성을 검색에서 추출물과 유사한 결과를 나타내며 diethyl ether층과 chloroform 층의 경우 활성이 상승되기도 하였으나, 물 분획층의 경우 추출물보다 낮은 효과를 보이기도 하였다.
Homogeneous anionic polymerization. II. Molecular weight of polystyrene initiated by lithium alkyls (1963)

Abstract A study has been carried out on the molecular weights and their distribution for polystyrene prepared by means of ethyl and butyl lithium initiators, using benzene and tetrahydrofuran as solvents. Stringent high vacuum techniques were employed in order to minimize any destruction of initiator or termination of growing chains in these anionic polymerizations. Under these conditions, it was found that the stoichiometry corresponded to the formation of one chain from each initiator molecule. Furthermore, the molecular weight distribution could be made very narrow ( M̄ w / M̄ n = 1.05 – 1.1) in these cases, where the initiation reaction was very rapid compared to the propagation step. In the case of the benzene systems, the initiation reaction was too slow, leading to a broadening of the molecular weight distribution, and this could be circumvented by a “seeding” technique whereby all the chain anions were pre‐initiated before the main polymerization took place. The alkyl lithium initiators were found to react rapidly with THF at room temperature, but the styryl lithium apparently did not.
Optimized use of diversity modes in transmitter diversity systems (2003)

This paper examines the optimized allocation of a fixed transmitter power budget among several transmitter diversity paths that are correlated and/or of dissimilar strengths. Under these conditions, algorithms for optimum allocation differ significantly from conventional transmitter diversity and provide better performance. Simplified algorithms with negligible performance loss are also presented.
Primer design for the cloning of immunoglobulin heavy-chain leader-variable regions from mouse hybridoma cells using the PCR. (1991)

To facilitate the rapid cloning and sequencing of rearranged murine heavy-chain variable regions, we have designed a set of universal primers using conserved sequences of leader (signal peptide), framework one and constant regions of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes. RNA was extracted from the mouse hybridoma cells secreting monoclonal antibodies: IOR-T3 (anti-CD3), C6 (anti-P1 of N. meningitidis B385), IOR-T1 (anti-CD6), CB-CEA.1 (anti-carcinoembryonic antigen), CB-Fib.1 (anti-human fibrin) and CB-Hep.2 (anti-hepatitis B surface antigen). First-strand cDNA was synthesized and amplified using PCR. The primers successfully amplified correct size fragments from cDNA prepared from all hybridomas. These methods will facilitate the cloning and sequencing of mouse immunoglobulin variable regions.
Intense terahertz emission from a-plane InN surface (2008)

We report a significant enhancement in terahertz emission from the indium nitride (InN) films grown along the a axis (a-plane InN), relative to the InN films grown along the c axis. The primary radiation mechanism of the a-plane InN film is found to be due to the acceleration of photoexcited carriers under the polarization-induced in-plane electric field perpendicular to the a axis, which effectively enhances the geometrical coupling of the radiation out of semiconductor. In addition, azimuthal angle dependence measurement shows that the p-polarized terahertz output consists of a large angularly independent component and a weak component with a distinctive fourfold rotation symmetry.
Electroencephalography (EEG)‐Based Brain–Computer Interfaces (2015)

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are systems that can translate the brain activity patterns of a user into messages or commands for an interactive application. The brain activity that is processed by the BCI systems is usually measured using electroencephalography (EEG). In this article, we aim at providing an accessible and up‐to‐date overview of EEG‐based BCI, with a main focus on its engineering aspects. We notably introduce some basic neuroscience background, and explain how to design an EEG‐based BCI, in particular reviewing which signal processing, machine learning, and software and hardware tools to use. We present BCI applications, highlight some limitations of current systems, and suggest some perspectives for the field.
Protein Thioester Synthesis Enabled by Sortase (2012)

Proteins containing a C-terminal thioester are important intermediates in semisynthesis. Currently there is one main method for the synthesis of protein thioesters that relies upon the use of engineered inteins. Here we report a simple strategy, utilizing sortase A, for routine preparation of recombinant proteins containing a C-terminal (α)thioester. We used our method to prepare two different anthrax toxin cargo proteins: one containing an (α)thioester and another containing a D-polypeptide segment situated between two protein domains. We show that both variants can translocate through protective antigen pore. This new method to synthesize a protein thioester allows for interfacing of sortase-mediated ligation and native chemical ligation.
The Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cell: The Stem Cell That Came in From the Cold (2006)

The muscle satellite cell was first described and actually named on the basis of its anatomic location under the basement membrane surrounding each myofiber. For many years following its discovery, electron microscopy provided the only definitive method of identification. More recently, several molecular markers have been described that can be used to detect satellite cells, making them more accessible for study at the light microscope level. Satellite cells supply myonuclei to growing myofibers before becoming mitotically quiescent in muscle as it matures. They are then activated from this quiescent state to fulfill their roles in routine maintenance, hypertrophy, and repair of adult muscle. Because muscle is able to efficiently regenerate after repeated bouts of damage, systems must be in place to maintain a viable satellite cell pool, and it was proposed over 30 years ago that self-renewal was the primary mechanism. Self-renewal entails either a stochastic event or an asymmetrical cell division, where one daughter cell is committed to differentiation whereas the second continues to proliferate or becomes quiescent. This classic model of satellite cell self-renewal and the importance of satellite cells in muscle maintenance and repair have been challenged during the past few years as bone marrow-derived cells and various intramuscular populations were shown to be able to contribute myonuclei and occupy the satellite cell niche. This is a fast-moving and dynamic field, however, and in this review we discuss the evidence that we think puts this enigmatic cell firmly back at the center of adult myogenesis.
Olsalazine-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks as Biocompatible Platforms for H2 Adsorption and Drug Delivery (2016)

The drug olsalazine (H4olz) was employed as a ligand to synthesize a new series of mesoporous metal-organic frameworks that are expanded analogues of the well-known M2(dobdc) materials (dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; M-MOF-74). The M2(olz) frameworks (M = Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn) exhibit high surface areas with large hexagonal pore apertures that are approximately 27 Å in diameter. Variable temperature H2 adsorption isotherms revealed strong adsorption at the open metal sites, and in situ infrared spectroscopy experiments on Mg2(olz) and Ni2(olz) were used to determine site-specific H2 binding enthalpies. In addition to its capabilities for gas sorption, the highly biocompatible Mg2(olz) framework was also evaluated as a platform for the delivery of olsalazine and other encapsulated therapeutics. The Mg2(olz) material (86 wt % olsalazine) was shown to release the therapeutic linker through dissolution of the framework under simulated physiological conditions. Furthermore, Mg2(olz) was used to encapsulate phenethylamine (PEA), a model drug for a broad class of bioactive compounds. Under simulated physiological conditions, Mg2(olz)(PEA)2 disassembled to release PEA from the pores and olsalazine from the framework itself, demonstrating that multiple therapeutic components can be delivered together at different rates. The low toxicity, high surface areas, and coordinatively unsaturated metal sites make these M2(olz) materials promising for a range of potential applications, including drug delivery in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
Effects of Intravenous Dimethyl Sulfoxide on Ischemia Evolution in a Rat Permanent Occlusion Model (2005)

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has a variety of biological actions that suggest efficacy as a neuroprotectant. We (1) tested the neuroprotective potential of DMSO at different time windows on infarct size using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium staining and (2) investigated the effects of DMSO on ischemia evolution using quantitative diffusion and perfusion imaging in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats. In experiment 1, DMSO treatment (1.5 g/kg intravenously over 3 h) reduced infarct volume 24 h after MCAO by 65% (P<0.00001) when initiated 20 h before MCAO, by 44% (P=0.0006) when initiated 1 h after MCAO, and by 17% (P=0.11) when started 2 h after MCAO. Significant infarct reduction was also observed after a 3-day survival in animals treated 1 h after MCAO (P=0.005). In experiment 2, treatment was initiated 1 h after MCAO and maps for cerebral blood flow (CBF) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were acquired before treatment and then every 30 mins up to 4 h. Cerebral blood flow characteristics and CBF-derived lesion volumes did not differ between treated and untreated animals, whereas the ADC-derived lesion volume essentially stopped progressing during DMSO treatment, resulting in a persistent diffusion/perfusion mismatch. This effect was mainly observed in the cortex. Our data suggest that DMSO represents an interesting candidate for acute stroke treatment.
Post-process techniques for integrated MEMS (2005)

Preface. Acknowledgement. MEMS Monolithic Integration Techniques. Maximum Post-Processing Temperature. MEMS Materials. Silicon Germanium as an Attractive MEMS Material. Low Thermal Budget Techniques for Enhancing Crystallization. Post-Processed MEMS Devices. Short Author Biography. List of Acronyms. List of Keywords.
Glucose Sensitivity and Metabolism-Secretion Coupling Studied during Two-Year Continuous Culture in INS-1E Insulinoma Cells (2003)

Rat insulinoma-derived INS-1 cells constitute a widely used beta-cell surrogate. However, due to their nonclonal nature, INS-1 cells are heterogeneous and are not stable over extended culture periods. We have isolated clonal INS-1E cells from parental INS-1 based on both their insulin content and their secretory responses to glucose. Here we describe the stable differentiated INS-1E beta-cell phenotype over 116 passages (no. 27-142) representing a 2.2-yr continuous follow-up. INS-1E cells can be safely cultured and used within passages 40-100 with average insulin contents of 2.30 +/- 0.11 microg/million cells. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was dose-related and similar to rat islet responses. Secretion saturated with a 6.2-fold increase at 15 mm glucose, showing a 50% effective concentration of 10.4 mm. Secretory responses to amino acids and sulfonylurea were similar to those of islets. Moreover, INS-1E cells retained the amplifying pathway, as judged by glucose-evoked augmentation of insulin release in a depolarized state. Regarding metabolic parameters, INS-1E cells exhibited glucose dose-dependent elevations of NAD(P)H, cytosolic Ca(2+), and mitochondrial Ca(2+) levels. In contrast, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, and cell membrane potential were all fully activated by 7.5 mm glucose. Using the perforated patch clamp technique, 7.5 and 15 mm glucose elicited electrical activity to a similar degree. A K(ATP) current was identified in whole cell voltage clamp using diazoxide and tolbutamide. As in native beta-cells, tolbutamide induced electrical activity, indicating that the K(ATP)conductance is important in setting the resting potential. Therefore, INS-1E cells represent a stable and valuable beta-cell model.
Two-Dimensional Single Crystal CdS Nanosheets: Synthesis and Properties (2010)

A one-dimensional (1D) to two-dimensional (2D) topotactic transformation has been proposed for the synthesis of 2D CdS nanosheets by promoting the lateral growth of 1D CdS nanobelts. The as-prepared nanosheets are single crystal with hexagonal structure, usually 20−100 nm in thickness, 20−100 μm in width, and up to several millimeters in length. CdS nanosheets show enhanced multiphonon responses and exciton−phonon couplings, which are correlated to their extraordinary anisotropic geometry. Photoluminescence measurement reveals three emission bands at about 1.61, 2.39, and 2.45 eV, which are attributed to the radiative transitions related to surface states, bandgap, and excitonic molecules, respectively; moreover, the formation of the surface states and the excitonic molecules are significantly enhanced due to the anisotropic geometry of the 2D nanosheets. CdS nanosheets show also pronounced photoconduction under visible light irradiation, indicating potentials in assembly of optoelectronic nanodevices.
A low cost optical 3D scanner. (2001)

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche
Organic Field‐Effect Transistors and Unipolar Logic Gates on Charged Electrets from Spin‐On Organosilsesquioxane Resins (2006)

Abstract Controllable shifting of threshold voltage and modulation of current in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) is demonstrated, resulting in the formation of unipolar inverters by making use of space‐charge electrets. Prior to the deposition of the organic semiconductor (OSC), negative corona charges are injected and trapped in the bulk of the organosilsesquioxane glass resin gate dielectrics. The effective surface potential is controlled by the corona‐charging and subsequent annealing process. It is found that the shift of the transfer characteristics is governed by the electrostatic induction effects of the charged gate electrets, and this observed shift can be related to the surface potential of the layer next to the transistor channel. The process control, efficiency, and long‐term stability of charge storage in spin‐on organosilsesquioxane glass resins are sufficient to enable the construction of simple unipolar inverters and to allow for circuit tuning. New OFET unipolar inverters with an enhancement‐mode driver and a depletion‐mode load are presented, composed of only two simple OFETs with the same channel dimensions and the same p‐type OSC on charged electrets. This design allows the implementation of full‐swing organic logic circuits and illustrates a potential process simplification for organic electronics.
Acoustic over-exposure triggers burst firing in dorsal cochlear nucleus fusiform cells (2011)

Acoustic over-exposure (AOE) triggers deafness in animals and humans and provokes auditory nerve degeneration. Weeks after exposure there is an increase in the cellular excitability within the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and this is considered as a possible neural correlate of tinnitus. The origin of this DCN hyperactivity phenomenon is still unknown but it is associated with neurons lying within the fusiform cell layer. Here we investigated changes of excitability within identified fusiform cells following AOE. Wistar rats were exposed to a loud (110 dB SPL) single tone (14.8 kHz) for 4 h. Auditory brainstem response recordings performed 3-4 days after AOE showed that the hearing thresholds were significantly elevated by about 20-30 dB SPL for frequencies above 15 kHz. Control fusiform cells fired with a regular firing pattern as assessed by the coefficient of variation of the inter-spike interval distribution of 0.19 ± 0.11 (n = 5). Three to four days after AOE, 40% of fusiform cells exhibited irregular bursting discharge patterns (coefficient of variation of the inter-spike interval distribution of 1.8 ± 0.6, n = 5; p < 0.05). Additionally the maximal firing following step current injections was reduced in these cells (from 83 ± 11 Hz, n = 5 in unexposed condition to 43 ± 6 Hz, n = 5 after AOE) and this was accompanied by an increased firing gain (from 0.09 ± 0.01 Hz/pA, n = 5 in unexposed condition to 0.56 ± 0.25 Hz/pA, n = 5 after AOE). Current and voltage clamp recordings suggest that the presence of bursts in fusiform cells is related to a down regulation of high voltage activated potassium currents. In conclusion we showed that AOE triggers deafness at early stages and this is correlated with profound changes in the firing pattern and frequency of the DCN major output fusiform cells. The changes here described could represent the initial network imbalance prior to the emergence of tinnitus.
Effects of Dronedarone on HERG and KCNQ1/KCNE1 Channels (2003)

Dronedarone, a noniodinated and methanesulfonanilide derivative of amiodarone, is under evaluation as a potentially less toxic anti-arrhythmic agent alternative to amiodarone. However, effects of this drug on I K r and I K s channels, two major cardiac repolarizing potassium channels, had not been determined yet. To clarify the effects on I K r and I K s , we studied the effects of dronedarone on HERG channels and KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels heterologously expressed in Xenopus Oocytes by 2-electrodes voltage clamp technique. Because I K r channel is coded by HERG gene, and I K s is coded by co-expression of both KCNQ land KCNE1 genes. Dronedarone potently blocked both HERG channel (IC 5 0 : 3.8′1.0 μM, 0 mV, n=3) and KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels (IC 5 0 : 19.1′2.1 μM, 0 mV, n=2). Amiodarone, a structurally similar compound of dronedarone, had already reported not to block KCNQ1/KCNE1 channels. These findings together with previous reports suggest that 1) dronedarone potently inhibits both HERG channels and KCNQ1/ KCNE1 channels. 2) Insertion of methanesulfonanilide compound to dronedarone might result in an inhibitory action on KCNQ1/ KCNE1 channels. 3) Dronedarone might be a potential antiarrhythmic drug.
Preparation and Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel Asterriquinone Derivatives. (1998)

Asterriquinone (ARQ, 1a) is an antitumor metabolite of Aspergillus terreus IFO 6123. To gain insight into the structure-activity relationships of ARQ, a series of chemically modified derivatives (1-6), the ARQ analogues (b-e) and the 2, 5-dihydroxy-p-bezoquinone analogues (f-h), were prepared, and cytotoxic acitivity against mouse leukemia P388 cells investigated. Results indicated that : 1) at least one hydroxy group or acetoxy group in the p-benzoquinone moiety is important to exhibit cytotoxicity; 2) in the p-benzoquinone moiety, a single methoxy group and/or one aceotxy group substitution showed more potent cytotoxicity than when two hydroxy groups are substituted (1); 3) the indole ring is important for the cytotoxicity of ARQ analogues; 4) the 1, 1-dimethly-2-propenyl group in the indole ring is not important for the cytotoxic activity of ARQ.
Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for detection of Clostridium difficile toxin B in specimens of faeces (1990)

Antisera against Clostridium difficile toxin B were prepared in sheep and rabbit and were used in indirect and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of toxin B. Polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene microtitration plates were tested as solid phases for the assay. Both assays had a lower limit of detection for toxin B of 1 ng/ml. They were used to detect the presence of toxin B in 210 human faecal specimens and also in the culture supernatant fluids of C. difficile strains isolated from the faecal samples. There was a close correlation between the results of sandwich ELISA and those of cytotoxicity tests and isolation of C. difficile. Our sandwich ELISA method seems to be useful as a presumptive test for detection of C. difficile toxin B.
Total synthesis of (+)-polyoxin J (1995)

The antifungal antibiotic, polyoxin J 1, has been obtained (46.4%) by the coupling of a protected derivative of 5-O-carbamoylpolyoxamic acid 2 with thymine polyoxin C 3 which were prepared by a stereoselective aminohomologation strategy of sugar aldehydes (L-threose and dialdo-D-ribofuranose) employing nitrones 4 and 5 as their iminium derivatives and furan as a carboxylate group equivalent.
Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Mesoporous Silicates—Nanoscopic Reactors Coming of Age (2000)

This review describes methods of preparing hybrid inorganic–organic mesoporous silicates with uniform channel structures, as well as some of their applications. Both reactive and passive organic groups can be incorporated in the porous solids by grafting methods or by co-condensation under surfactant control. Functional groups have been placed selectively on the internal or external pore surfaces or even within the walls of the mesoporous solids. Organic functionalization of these solids permits tuning of the surface properties (hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, binding to guest molecules), alteration of the surface reactivity, protection of the surface from attack, and modification of the bulk properties (e.g., mechanical or optical properties) of the material. Recent applications of hybrid mesoporous silicates are highlighted, including catalysis, sorption of metals, anions, and organics, reactors for polymerization, fixation of biologically active species, and optical applications.
Proatherosclerotic Mechanisms Involving Protein Kinase C in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance (2005)

In diabetes and insulin resistance, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in vascular cells may be a key link between elevated plasma and tissue concentrations of glucose and nonesterified fatty acids and abnormal vascular cell signaling. Initial studies of PKC activation in diabetes focused on microvascular complications, but increasing evidence supports that PKC plays a role in several mechanisms promoting atherosclerosis. This review explains how PKC is thought to be activated in diabetes and insulin resistance through de novo synthesis of diacylglycerol. Furthermore, the review summarizes studies that implicate PKC in promoting proatherogenic mechanisms or inhibiting antiatherogenic mechanisms, including studies of endothelial dysfunction; gene induction and activation of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase; endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and function; endothelin-1 expression; growth, migration, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells; induction of adhesion molecules; and oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake by monocyte-derived macrophages.