gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid mass spectrometric identification of proteins from two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gels after in gel proteolytic digestion (1997)

We report a rapid method for identifying proteins resolved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). In-gel digestion was performed in a way such that the volume ratio of trypsin solution to gel plug was quantitatively controlled to promote reproducible digestion and to maximize the digestion yield. To make the digestion samples more compatible with MALDI-MS, the volatile salt ammonium bicarbonate in the digestion buffer was largely removed prior to peptide extraction. Samples of mixed tryptic peptides from in-gel digestion were used without purification to obtain molecular weights by MALDI-MS with alpha-cyano, 4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid as the matrix. Modifications of MALDI sample loading procedures improved the detection sensitivity by one half to one order of magnitude. The peptide mass peaks in MALDI-MS spectra were distinguished from those of impurities by using several types of controls, and masses were corrected by using trypsin autodigestion fragments as internal calibration standards. Two different peptide-matching computer programs were used to interrogate sequence databases and identify proteins. Identification was enhanced by generation of orthogonal data sets (by using different proteases) and by including experimental values of isoelectric point (pI) and molecular weight to exclude false entries in the candidate lists. Approximately 1% of the material from a spot was used in each sample loading, and nine protein spots from rat liver 2-D PAGE gels were identified correctly, as judged by comparison with identification results previously obtained from Edman sequencing. A previously identified low-abundance spot was not identified by MALDI-MS, presumably because there was insufficient material in a single gel. The sample handling procedure reported here should permit us to identify many 2-D PAGE protein spots of medium abundance.
Relationship between adiponectin and testosterone in patients with type 2 diabetes (2011)

We conclude that patients with type 2 diabetes have lower serum adiponectin concentration than healthy individuals, and that there is a weak inverse correlation between adiponectin and testosterone serum concentrations in male diabetics.
João Rehder Neto, o tigre brasileiro (2006)

presente artigo reescreve o passado do esporte na cidade de Rio Claro inserida no seu desenvolvimento social, desde a chegada dos imigrantes que vieram de toda a Europa para trabalhar nas lavouras de cafe, passando pela instauracao da Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro, marco do desenvolvimento do interior paulista. E partir deste contexto que se apresenta o atleta de maior expressao na historia do esporte de Rio Claro, Joao Rehder Neto, que se confunde com a historia da cidade ao tempo que e filho de imigrantes alemaes e realizava seus treinamentos de maneira peculiar com os trens da Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro. Rehder Neto, conhecido como O Tigre Brasileiro, gracas a seus feitos nos Jogos Sul Americanos de 1937, comecou sua carreira como atleta ocasionalmente, lutou na Revolucao Constitucionalista de 1932, e e reconhecido como o maior Decatleta do Brasil
Once‐Daily Combination Therapy with Emtricitabine, Didanosine, and Efavirenz in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients (2000)

The safety and efficacy of a once-daily regimen that combines emtricitabine, didanosine, and efavirenz was studied among 40 previously untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The median plasma HIV RNA level was 4.77 log(10) copies/mL at baseline and decreased by a median of 3.5 log(10) copies/mL at 24 weeks, with 98% and 93% of patients achieving plasma HIV RNA levels <400 and <50 copies/mL, respectively. The median CD4 cell count was 373 cells/microL at baseline and increased by a median of 159 cells/microL at week 24. The most common treatment-related adverse events were mild to moderate central nervous system symptoms (73% of patients), diarrhea (33%), rashes (10%), and biochemical abnormalities. Adverse reactions led to permanent drug discontinuation in only 1 patient. The once-daily combination therapy of emtricitabine, didanosine, and efavirenz was safe and demonstrated strong antiviral and immunologic effects that lasted for the 24-week period of the study.
Unprecedented Inversion of Selectivity and Extraordinary Difference in the Complexation of Trivalent f Elements by Diastereomers of a Methylated Diglycolamide (2019)

When considering f elements, solvent extraction is primarily used for the removal of lanthanides from ore and their recycling, as well as for the separation of actinides from used nuclear fuel. Understanding the complexation mechanism of metal ions with organic extractants, particularly the influence of their molecular structure on complex formation is of fundamental importance. Herein, we report an extraordinary (up to two orders of magnitude) change in the extraction efficiency of f elements with two diastereomers of dimethyl tetraoctyl diglycolamide (Me<sub>2</sub> -TODGA), which only differ in the orientation of a single methyl group. Solvent extraction techniques, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) based ab initio calculations were used to understand their complex structures and to explain their complexation mechanism. We show that the huge differences observed in extraction selectivity results from a small change in the complexation of nitrate counter-ions caused by the different orientation of one methyl group in the backbone of the extractant. The obtained results give a significant new insight into metal-ligand complexation mechanisms, which will promote the development of more efficient separation techniques.
Noise reduction filters for dynamic image sequences: a review (1995)

In this paper, a thorough review is presented of noise reduction filters for digital image sequences. Detailed descriptions of several spatiotemporal and temporal noise reduction algorithms are provided. To aid in comparing between these different algorithms, we classify them based on their support (i.e., 3-D or 1-D filter) and whether or not motion compensation is employed. Several algorithms from each of the four categories are implemented and tested on real sequences degraded to various signal-to-noise ratios. These experimental results are discussed and analyzed to determine the overall advantages and disadvantages of the four general classifications, as well as, the individual filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Structure—Activity Relationships of a Series of 3‐[2‐(1‐Benzylpiperidin‐4‐yl)ethylamino]pyridazine Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Expression of leukocyte adherence-related glycoproteins during differentiation of HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. (1987)

We used the HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line to analyze the surface expression of a family of adherence-related leukocyte surface antigens during myeloid differentiation. These antigens are composed of discrete alpha subunits, designated alpha L, alpha M, and alpha X, that are each noncovalently associated with a common beta subunit. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the individual subunits served as markers in both indirect immunofluorescence studies and immunoprecipitations from HL-60 cells differentiated preferentially towards mature granulocytes (DMSO, retinoic acid) or monocyte/macrophages (PMA, vitamin D3). In undifferentiated HL-60 cells, the alpha L and alpha X subunits were constitutively expressed, whereas the alpha M subunit was not. Differentiation of HL-60 cells along the granulocytic pathway with DMSO resulted in a marked increase in alpha M and minimal increases in alpha L and alpha X. The phenotypic expression of these antigens on DMSO-treated HL-60 cells closely resembled that on normal circulating PMN. Differentiation along the monocyte/macrophage pathway when using PMA or vitamin D3 resulted in major increases in alpha L and alpha X expression, as well as alpha M. These changes resulted in a surface phenotype characteristic of that present on human monocyte-derived macrophages. Triggering of undifferentiated HL-60 cells with PMA caused no increase in subunit expression, whereas stimulation of DMSO-differentiated HL-60 cells with PMA produced more than a 1.5-fold enhancement of both the alpha M and alpha X subunits, and stimulation of human PMN with PMA increased the surface expression of alpha M more than fourfold and alpha X subunit twofold. Stimulation with PMA produced no change in expression of the alpha L subunit in any of the three cell populations. These results indicate that the alpha subunits of this glycoprotein family can be selectively regulated during in vitro differentiation of a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line. Second, DMSO-differentiated HL-60 cells and human PMN possessed an intracellular pool of alpha M and alpha X, but not alpha L, that could be translocated to the surface. Thus, despite structural and functional relationships among the alpha subunits in this glycoprotein family, they undergo disparate surface expression and intracellular regulation during differentiation.
[Mechanisms of action of BCG: towards a new individualized therapeutic approach?]. (2000)

A better knowledge of antitumour immunity and the mechanisms allowing the tumour to overcome the host's immune surveillance has led to progress in the understanding of the mechanisms of action of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), as the local intravesical immune response is intimately related to the interaction of three systems: the host (the patient), the BCG (mycobacteria) and the tumour. This interaction gives rise to a cascade of immunological events, some of which are essential to the protective action of BCG against relapse and tumour progression. The immune response to BCG is currently considered to comprise three phases. First of all, the BCG adheres to the urothelium and is then phagocytosed by antigen-presenting cells. This phase corresponds to early release of so-called inflammatory cytokines (IL1, IL6, IL8). These cytokines could be responsible for certain adverse effects, but could also participate in cytotoxic phenomena. The second phase consists of recognition of bacterial antigens by helper CD4 lymphocytes, which mainly release IL2 and IFNg (Th1 response). This cellular activation leads to the third phase: amplification of cytotoxic populations capable of killing tumour cells: CD8, gd lymphocytes, macrophages, NK, LAK, BAK cells. All these cells also produce cytokines, which participate in regulation of the immune response. The understanding of these mechanisms of action, urinary cytokine assays, a better definition of cytotoxic cells and their role, molecular analysis of the tumour and probably certain genetic characteristics of the host will allow the elaboration of more effective immunization protocols by defining an individualized therapeutic approach.
Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. (1988)

This book presents a clinical reference of respiratory medicine. It also details basic science aspects of pulmonary physiology and describes recently developed, sophisticated diagnostic tools and therapeutic methods. It also covers anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology; microbiologic, radiologic, nuclear medicine, and biopsy methods for diagnosis.
Detection of p53 gene mutations in rat hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (1993)

Structural alterations of the p53 gene were investigated in chemically induced rat hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), hyperplastic hepatic nodules (HPNs), and cell lines derived from rat neoplastic and normal liver cells. The mutations were detected by GC-clamped denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis using DNA that had been amplified from p53 mRNA by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. This method enabled us to find single-base changes within the p53 gene without using radioisotopes. The presence of mutations was subsequently confirmed by DNA sequencing. No mutations were detected in six primary HCCs and 12 HPNs induced by the Solt and Farber regimen (Nature 236: 701-703, 1976), suggesting that p53 gene mutations do not play a major role in rat hepatic carcinogenesis. However, five of seven HCC cell lines and one of two cell lines derived from normal liver cells had the mutated p53 gene and had lost the normal p53 gene. Five cell lines had a G-->T transversion at various codons, whereas one line had a 21-base deletion in exon 5. Therefore, we conclude that p53 gene mutations may occur in vitro during establishment of the cell lines or may be derived from very small populations within the primary tumors.
Estimating an Eigenvector by the Power Method with a Random Start (1997)

This paper addresses the problem of approximating an eigenvector belonging to the largest eigenvalue of a symmetric positive definite matrix by the power method. We assume that the starting vector is randomly chosen with uniform distribution over the unit sphere. This paper provides lower and upper as well as asymptotic bounds on the randomized error in the ${\cal L}_p$ sense, $p\in[1,+\infty]$. We prove that it is impossible to achieve sharp bounds that are independent of the ratio between the two largest eigenvalues. This should be contrasted to the problem of approximating the largest eigenvalue, for which Kuczyński and Woźniakowski [ SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 13 (1992), pp. 1094--1122] proved that it is possible to bound the randomized error at the kth step with a quantity that depends only on k and on the size of the matrix. We prove that the rate of convergence depends on the ratio of the two largest eigenvalues, on their multiplicities, and on the particular norm. The rate of convergence is at most linear in the ratio of the two largest eigenvalues.
Inadequate immunity to measles in children vaccinated at an early age: effect of revaccination. (1984)

This report describes a follow-up serological study of 79 Brazilian children who, because of their young age, had failed to develop protective levels of immunity after vaccination against measles. There was serological evidence that infection with wild virus had occurred at a rate of about 17% per annum. Approximately 1(1/2) years after the initial vaccination, 46% of the uninfected children maintained very low levels of neutralizing antibody, but did not have a measurable haemagglutination-inhibition titre. Revaccination did not elicit an IgM response in most children, but stimulated anti-measles IgG production in all of them. In 36% of the children, the IgG titres fell again within three months to levels that may permit reinfection. If it is assumed that some of the persistent titres can be attributed to wild virus infection, the actual effect of revaccination would have been to immunize no more than 60% of the susceptible group. The results suggest that early administration of measles vaccine may produce a cohort of children with inadequate immunity who cannot be fully immunized by revaccination. The implications of these findings for measles immunization programmes are discussed.
DC activated via dectin‐1 convert Treg into IL‐17 producers (2008)

Th cells producing IL-17 play a pro-inflammatory role at mucosal surfaces. Treg at the same sites dampen inflammation and prevent immunopathology. Th cells producing IL-17 (Th17) and Treg are thought to be distinct populations defined by expression of the transcription factors ROR-gammat and Foxp3, respectively. Here, we show that mouse CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg can be converted into a hybrid T-cell population characterized by the expression of Foxp3 and ROR-gammat and the production of IL-17. Conversion was observed upon coculture with DC selectively activated via dectin-1, a C-type lectin receptor involved in fungal recognition, and depended on IL-23 produced by DC. Within the Foxp3(+) population, only Foxp3(+)ROR-gammat(+) T cells but not Foxp3(+)ROR-gammat(-)-T cells become Foxp3(+)IL-17(+) T cells. These results indicate that some Foxp3(+) T cells can produce IL-17 while retaining Foxp3 expression and suggest that Treg could play an unexpected pro-inflammatory role in some settings.
Association of Relapse of Clostridium difficile Disease with BI/NAP1/027 (2012)

Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) occurs in up to 35% of patients. Recurrences can be due to either relapse with the same strain or reinfection with another strain. In this study, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) was performed on C. difficile isolates from patients with recurrent CDI to distinguish relapse from reinfection. In addition, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with relapse. Among patients with a single recurrence, relapse due to the original infecting strain was more prevalent than reinfection and the interval between episodes was shorter than among patients who had reinfections. Among patients with >1 recurrence, equal distributions of relapse and reinfection or a combination of the two episode types were observed. Initial infection with the BI/NAP1/027 epidemic clone was found to be a significant risk factor for relapse. This finding may have important implications for patient therapy. Classification of recurrent CDI episodes by MLVA can be utilized to make informed patient care decisions and to accurately define new CDI cases for infection control and reimbursement purposes.
Magnesium deficiency and metabolic syndrome: stress and inflammation may reflect calcium activation. (2010)

Magnesium (Mg) intake is inadequate in the western diet and metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in populations around the world. Epidemiological studies suggest that high Mg intake may reduce the risk but the possibility of confounding factors exists, given the strong association between Mg and other beneficial nutriments (vegetables, fibers, cereals). The concept that metabolic syndrome is an inflammatory condition may explain the role of Mg.Mg deficiency results in a stress effect and increased susceptibility to physiological damage produced by stress. Stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. The activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a factor in the development of insulin resistance by increasing oxidative stress. In both humans and rats, aldosteronism results in an immunostimulatory state and leads to an inflammatory phenotype. Stress response induces the release of large quantities of excitatory amino acids and activates the nuclear factor NFkappaB, promoting translation of molecules involved in cell regulation, metabolism and apoptosis. The rise in neuropeptides is also well documented. Stress-induced HPA activation has been identified to play an important role in the preferential body fat accumulation but evidence that Mg is involved in body weight regulation is lacking. One of the earliest events in the acute response to stress is endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial cells actively contribute to inflammation by elaborating cytokines, synthesizing chemical mediators and expressing adhesion molecules. Experimental Mg deficiency in rats induces a clinical inflammatory syndrome characterized by leukocyte and macrophage activation, synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins, extensive production of free radicals. An increase in extracellular Mg concentration decreases inflammatory effects, while reduction in extracellular Mg results in cell activation. The effect of Mg deficiency in the development of insulin resistance in the rat model is well documented. Inflammation occurring during experimental Mg deficiency is the mechanism that induces hypertriglyceridemia and pro-atherogenic changes in lipoprotein metabolism. The presence of endothelial dysfunction and dyslipidemia triggers platelet aggregability, thus increasing the risk of thrombotic events. Oxidative stress contributes to the elevation of blood pressure. The inflammatory syndrome induces activation of several factors, which are dependent on cytosolic Ca activation. Recent findings support the hypothesis that the Mg effect on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis may be a common link between stress, inflammation and a possible relationship to metabolic syndrome.
Trapping, Stabilization, and Characterization of an Enolate Anion of a 1,6-Adduct of Benzophenone Chelated by a Sodium Alkylamidozincate Cation (2005)

There has been a recent upsurge of activity in the study of alkali metal zincate reagents due to their often special reactivity/selectivity in, for example, deprotonative metalation and nucleophilic addition reactions. Heteroleptic dialkylamidozincates, [M+Zn(R)2(NR'2)-], usually transfer selectivity of the amide ligand to electrophiles. Here, in contrast, it is reported that the sodium zincate [TMEDA.Na(mu-tBu)(mu-TMP)Zn(tBu)] reacts as an alkylating agent toward the diaryl ketone benzophenone (Ph2C=O), selectively adding one of its tBu ligands to the para-C atom of one of the Ph rings. The reaction can be carried out at room temperature, which is a decided advantage over lithium reagents as these are generally utilized at subambient temperatures. The stabilizing effect of the bimetallic (Na, Zn) cationic residue of the starting zincate reagent in coordinating to the dearomatized enolate anion of the 1,6-addition adduct allows the adduct to be isolated in a pure crystalline form. An X-ray crystallographic study of the adduct reveals a molecular structure based on a near-planar, four-element (NaOZnN) ring with a TMP-N and an enolato-O bridge. The Na and Zn atoms also carry terminal TMEDA (N,N'-attached) and tBu (C-attached) ligands, respectively. Also included are 1H/13C NMR spectroscopic data for the adduct when dissolved in cyclohexane-d12 solution.
Introduction and Revision of Some Statistical Ideas (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Necessity for Process Control SPC and EPC Process Monitoring Without a Model Detecting a Signal in Noise Measurement Data Two Important Characteristics of a Probability Distribution Normal Distribution Normal Distribution Defined by μ and σ Probabilities Associated with Normal Distribution Estimating Mean and Standard Deviation from Data Combining Estimates of σ2 Data on Frequencies (Events): Poisson Distribution Normal Approximation to Poisson Distribution Data on Proportion Defective: Binomial Distribution Normal Approximation to Binomial Distribution