gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-yield reduction of carbon dioxide into formic acid by zero-valent metal/metal oxide redox cycles (2011)

A strategy for reduction of CO2 is described that produces formic acid from CO2 (ca. 80% formic acid yield) via the oxidation of a zero-valent metal under hydrothermal conditions. The oxidized metal can be regenerated using glycerin, which produces lactic acid. Hydrogen production is demonstrated through metal oxidation in the presence of CO2 with zero-valent Fe, Mn, Zn, and Al metals under hydrothermal conditions, where it is found that a maximum hydrogen formation yield of ca. 99.4% was achieved. The metals, once oxidized, could be readily reduced (ca. 100% for Fe) to their zero-valent state by contact with glycerin. The results demonstrate that a carbon cycle can be driven by the oxidation and reduction of commonly available metals.
Frequency tunable CPW-fed CPS dipole antenna using varactors (2002)

Coplanar waveguide (CPW) and coplanar strip (CPS) transmission lines have become more attractive for many microwave and millimeter-wave applications. In this paper a novel frequency tunable CPW-fed CPS dipole antenna using varactors was designed and fabricated. Varactors were integrated with CPS dipoles to form integrated antennas. The CPS dipole antenna was electronically tuned by varying the varactor bias voltages. Measurements showed good results of the frequency tuning range and antenna patterns.
Protease Inhibitors in Plants: Genes for Improving Defenses Against Insects and Pathogens (1990)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
Synthesis of Some 6-Substituted 5-Azacytidines (1998)

Protected 6-substituted benzyl, phenyl and chloromethyl derivatives of 5-azacytidine 8-10 have been prepared by addition of phenylacetyl- ( 2 ), benzoyl- ( 3 ) or (chloroacetyl)guanidine ( 4 ) to 2,3,5-tri- O -benzoyl-β-D-ribosyl isocyanate ( 1 ) and subsequent silylation-mediated cyclization of the obtained acyl(carbamoyl)guanidines 5-7 . 4-Amino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2(1 H )-one ( 12 ) was obtained by condensation of carbamoylguanidine ( 13 ) with methyl benzoate in presence of methanolic sodium methoxide or by condensation of 13 with triethyl orthobenzoate in N , N -dimethylformamide. Stannic chloride catalyzed condensation of silylated 6-phenyl derivative 11 with 1- O -acetyl-2,3,5-tri- O -benzoyl-β-D-ribose ( 14 ) in 1,2-dichloroethane afforded a 1.2 : 1 mixture of N 1 and N 3 nucleosides 9 and 15 , respectively. Methanolysis of the protected compounds 8-10 and 15 gave the respective free nucleosides 16-19 . The latter compounds inhibited the growth of bacteria E. coli B to a much lower extent than the unsubstituted 5-azacytidine.
Sub-0.10 µm Hole Fabrication Using Bilayer Silylation Process for 193 nm Lithography (1999)

As the device design rule has been significantly reduced, a practical pattern fabrication technique for sub-0.10 µm or smaller dimensions is required. However, it is difficult to fabricate hole patterns that are 0.10 µm or smaller in size, and to maintain a sufficient process window. We found that in the case of the bilayer silylation process using a thin negative working resist as the top silylation layer, the depth of the silylated area was simply determined by the silylation resist thickness. The silylation reactions for an unexposed area were well controlled, and the silylation reactions in the horizontal direction proceeded with size-biasing of the width of the silylated area. After the size-biasing process, the sub-0.10 µm hole patterns were generated in the bottom novolac (NVC) layer by the dry development process. Moreover, we confirmed the transfer of sub-0.10 µm hole patterns into the 1.2-µm-thick SiO 2 layer without the use of any hard masks for dry etching.
Isolation of Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Metabolism Genes from Complex Microbial Communities by Phenotypic Complementation of Bacterial Mutants (2006)

The goal of this study was to initiate investigation of the genetics of bacterial poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) metabolism at the community level. We constructed metagenome libraries from activated sludge and soil microbial communities in the broad-host-range IncP cosmid pRK7813. Several unique clones were isolated from these libraries by functional heterologous complementation of a Sinorhizobium meliloti bdhA mutant, which is unable to grow on the PHB cycle intermediate D-3-hydroxybutyrate due to absence of the enzyme D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity. Clones that conferred D-3-hydroxybutyrate utilization on Escherichia coli were also isolated. Although many of the S. meliloti bdhA mutant complementing clones restored D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity to the mutant host, for some of the clones this activity was not detectable. This was also the case for almost all of the clones isolated in the E. coli selection. Further analysis was carried out on clones isolated in the S. meliloti complementation. Transposon mutagenesis to locate the complementing genes, followed by DNA sequence analysis of three of the genes, revealed coding sequences that were broadly divergent but lay within the diversity of known short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase encoding genes. In some cases, the amino acid sequence identity between pairs of deduced BdhA proteins was <35%, a level at which detection by nucleic acid hybridization based methods would probably not be successful.
Differences between in vitro and in vivo degradation of LHRH by rat brain and other organs (1987)

Homogenates of brain, pituitary, liver, lung, ovary, and testes were incubated with [pyro Glu1-3,4-3H]luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ([3H]LHRH), and the profiles of metabolites generated as a function of time were determined. After 5 min of incubation, 5 was the predominant metabolite in most homogenates. Although the profiles of metabolites varied at different time intervals, metabolites 2, 3, 4, and 5, and in some instances 7 and 9, appeared to form simultaneously and were detectable at 10 min. Neither metabolite 6 nor other larger metabolites formed initially as dominant degradation products. The findings suggest cleavage of LHRH by the simultaneous action of several endopeptidases. After a single vascular transit of [3H]LHRH, metabolites were determined in the venous blood of liver, lung, and brain of rats in vivo. There were no metabolites of [3H]LHRH in venous blood of liver and lung; however, metabolites 2-4 were present in venous blood of the brain. Incubation of rat anterior pituitary cells with [3H]LHRH yielded metabolites 1-4 but not metabolites 5 or 9 as in homogenates. Incubation of [3H]LHRH with porcine follicular granulosa cells resulted in the generation of metabolites 2-7 and 9, similar to the profile in homogenates. Thus, since homogenates contain enzymes of disrupted cells, they do not always reflect mechanisms for in vivo hydrolysis of circulating LHRH. Brain degraded 12.1% of LHRH during a single vascular transit and may account for substantial degradation of the circulating hormone.
Effect of electrocautery on fresh human articular cartilage (1985)

The use of high energy devices has been suggested for intra-articular surgery. Experimental studies have been performed using the laser and electrocautery. However, clinical application has primarily been with the use of the electrocautery. Electrosurgery is currently being used for lateral retinacular release as well as meniscal surgery. Inadvertent damage to articular cartilage may occur, especially during meniscal resection. The objective of the current study is to assess the effect of the Concept electrocautery with the meniscal cutting electrode on fresh human articular cartilage. Twenty fresh tibial plateaus removed at the time of total knee arthroplasty were subjected to electrocautery currents ranging from 25 to 82.5 W. The articular cartilage was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The extent of cartilage necrosis was quantitated as a percentage of the thickness of the articular cartilage. A dose response curve was developed. The extent of articular cartilage necrosis with the electrocautery setting of 20 (24.4 W) commonly used for meniscal resection resulted in only an 11.4%-injury to the articular cartilage. At the manufacturer's recommended setting of 24 (27 W), a 16% depth of laceration of the articular cartilage may be anticipated. We conclude that the lowest current setting possible should be utilized for meniscal surgery and the risk of articular cartilage damage from inadvertent injury is not excessive.
Plagiarizing Proteins: Enhancing Efficiency in Asymmetric Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalysis through Positive Cooperativity (2009)

A new twist for a fold: Conformationally well-defined thiourea catalysts, like that shown, stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds demonstrate cooperative ligand–receptor binding. This conformation leads to significantly enhanced catalytic efficiency, resulting in higher turnover rates and lower catalyst loading whilst maintaining high enantioselectivity in a model reaction. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tuneable nature of metal organic frameworks as heterogeneous solid catalysts for alcohol oxidation (2017)

Selective benzyl alcohol oxidation (BA) to benzaldehyde has been frequently used as a benchmark reaction to evaluate the catalytic activity of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as oxidation catalysts. Substituted BAs, and aliphatic and allylic alcohols have also been often used as substrates in these studies. In the present review, the current state of the art of MOFs as heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of BA and other alcohols is described, grouping the reports according to the nature of the active sites present on the MOFs. Thus, MOFs in which the catalytic centres are located at the ligands, at metallic nodes, or at metal nanoparticles (MNPs) incorporated within the MOF pores and photoassisted oxidations have been commented on. The aim of this review is to stress the current limitations encountered in the use of MOFs, particularly with respect to MOF stability and activity and propose new targets in the area.
Cochlear Blood Flow in Acoustic Trauma (1962)

Some normal values of cochlear blood flow rate, cochlear function (microphonic response to 277 cycles at 90 db), carotid pulse pressure and heart rate are presented along with changes due to excessive acoustic stimulation. The relation of cochlear blood flow to the oxygen demands of the cochlea is considered.
Evaluation of the use of prolution-depot (hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate) in early pregnancy (1982)

This study evaluates the effect of treatment with Proluton-Depot (hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate) in early pregnancy, and the final outcome of pregnancy and fetal status. One hundred and fifty patients received intramuscular injection of Proluton-Depot from 6 weeks to 8 weeks to 16 weeks to 18 weeks gestation. The outcome of this treated group was compared with a similar number of 150 patients with similar problems, but the second group received no hormonal treatment. There was no evidence to suggest that Proluton-Depot had any adverse effect on the infant or the final outcome of pregnancy.
Re: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Sacral Neuromodulation and Botulinum Toxin A Treatment for Patients With Idiopathic Overactive Bladder (2012)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Jun 2012Re: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Sacral Neuromodulation and Botulinum Toxin A Treatment for Patients With Idiopathic Overactive Bladder David F. PensonM.D., M.P.H. David F. PensonDavid F. Penson More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.2534AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Sacral Neuromodulation and Botulinum Toxin A Treatment for Patients With Idiopathic Overactive Bladder." The Journal of Urology, 187(6), pp. 2157–2158 © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 187Issue 6June 2012Page: 2157-2158 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information David F. Penson More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Design of synthetic antibody libraries (2007)

Antibody libraries came into existence 15 years ago when the accumulating sequence data of immunoglobulin genes and the advent of polymerase chain reaction technology made it possible to clone antibody gene repertoires. Since then, virtually hundreds of antibody libraries have been constructed, employing limitless maneuvers from the antibody engineering molecular bag of tricks towards the crucial parameters that determine library quality, library size, diversity and robustness. Phage and additional display and screening technologies were applied to pan out desired binding specificities from antibody libraries. Several biotech companies established themselves as key operators in the multibillion-dollar field of recombinant antibody technology. Out of nineteen FDA-approved therapeutic antibodies, one was isolated from an antibody library and many more are in various stages of clinical evaluation. This review highlights key milestones in the short history of antibody libraries and attempts to predict the future impact of antibody libraries on drug discovery.
Bright Fluorescent Nanotags from Bottlebrush Polymers with DNA-Tipped Bristles (2015)

Bright signal outputs are needed for fluorescence detection of biomolecules at their native expression levels. Increasing the number of labels on a probe often results in crowding-induced self-quenching of chromophores, and maintaining the function of the targeting moiety (e.g., an antibody) is a concern. Here we demonstrate a simple method to accommodate thousands of fluorescent dye molecules on a single antibody probe while avoiding the negative effects of self-quenching. We use a bottlebrush polymer from which extend hundreds of duplex DNA strands that can accommodate hundreds of covalently attached and/or thousands of noncovalently intercalated fluorescent dyes. This polymer-DNA assembly sequesters the intercalated fluorophores against dissociation and can be tethered through DNA hybridization to an IgG antibody. The resulting fluorescent nanotag can detect protein targets in flow cytometry, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and dot blots with an exceptionally bright signal that compares favorably to commercially available antibodies labeled with organic dyes or quantum dots.
Predictive head movement tracking using a Kalman filter (1997)

The use of head movements in control applications leaves the hands free for other tasks and utilizes the mobility of the head to acquire and track targets over a wide field of view. We present the results of applying a Kalman filter to generate prediction estimates for tracking head positions. A simple kinematics approach based on the assumption of a piecewise constant acceleration process is suggested and is shown to track head positions with an rms error under 2 degrees for head movements with accelerations smaller than 3000 degrees /s. To account for the wide range of head dynamic characteristics, an adaptive approach with input estimation is developed. The performance of the Kalman filter is compared to that based on a simple polynomial predictor.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation in the low kHz range increases motor cortex excitability (2011)

Since tACS in the low kHz range appears too fast to interfere with network oscillations, this technique opens a new possibility to directly interfere with cortical excitability, probably via neuronal membrane activation. It may also potentially replace more conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) techniques for some applications in a clinical setting.
Follow-up and family study of anxious depression (1991)

These data confirm the usefulness of subdividing depressed patients according to anxiety symptoms: psychic and somatic symptoms of anxiety, taken together, significantly predict family illness and course. The data also emphasize the wisdom of requiring that generalized anxiety disorder not be diagnosed in the presence of a mood disorder. Clearly, symptoms of anxiety coexist with depression and need to be recognized for the effective treatment of the underlying depressive disorder.
Transgenic mice containing a 248-kb yeast artificial chromosome carrying the human beta-globin locus display proper developmental control of human globin genes. (1993)

Transgenic mice were generated using a purified 248-kb yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) bearing an intact 82-kb human beta-globin locus and 148 kb of flanking sequence. Seventeen of 148 F0 pups were transgenic. RNase protection analysis of RNA isolated from the blood of 13 gamma- and beta-globin-positive founders showed that only the human beta-globin gene was expressed in the adult founders. Studies of F1 and F2 fetuses demonstrated that the genes of the beta-locus YAC displayed the proper developmental switches in beta-like globin gene expression. Expression of epsilon- and gamma-globin, but not beta-globin, was observed in the yolk sac, there was only minor gamma and mostly beta expression in the 14-day liver, and only beta mRNA in the blood of the adult animals. Structural data showed that the locus was intact. These results indicate that it is now possible to dissect regulatory mechanisms within the context of an entire locus in vivo by using the ability to perform mutagenesis efficiently in yeast via homologous recombination, followed by purification of the altered YAC and its introduction into mice.
A flexible new technique for camera calibration (2000)

We propose a flexible technique to easily calibrate a camera. It only requires the camera to observe a planar pattern shown at a few (at least two) different orientations. Either the camera or the planar pattern can be freely moved. The motion need not be known. Radial lens distortion is modeled. The proposed procedure consists of a closed-form solution, followed by a nonlinear refinement based on the maximum likelihood criterion. Both computer simulation and real data have been used to test the proposed technique and very good results have been obtained. Compared with classical techniques which use expensive equipment such as two or three orthogonal planes, the proposed technique is easy to use and flexible. It advances 3D computer vision one more step from laboratory environments to real world use.
Acceleration of DNA renaturation rates (1975)

Abstract The rate of renaturation of DNA may be increased by altering the effective solvent volume available for DNA in solution. Accelerations are demonstrated when neutral and anionic dextran polymers are used to exclude volume in DNA solutions. The logarithm of the DNA renaturation rate constant is shown to be proportional to the concentration of dextran polymer and to be proportional to the intrinsic viscosity of a series of dextran polymers of identical chemical composition. A theory is proposed to account for these results.
Levetiracetam in the treatment of epilepsy (2008)

Epilepsy is a common chronic disorder that requires long-term antiepileptic drug therapy. Approximately one half of patients fail the initial antiepileptic drug and about 35% are refractory to medical therapy, highlighting the continued need for more effective and better tolerated drugs. Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug marketed since 2000. Its novel mechanism of action is modulation of synaptic neurotransmitter release through binding to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A in the brain. Its pharmacokinetic advantages include rapid and almost complete absorption, minimal insignificant binding to plasma protein, absence of enzyme induction, absence of interactions with other drugs, and partial metabolism outside the liver. The availability of an intravenous preparation is yet another advantage. It has been demonstrated effective as adjunctive therapy for refractory partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and myoclonic seizures of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. In addition, it was found equivalent to controlled release carbamazepine as first-line therapy for partial-onset seizures, both in efficacy and tolerability. Its main adverse effects in randomized adjunctive trials in adults have been somnolence, asthenia, infection, and dizziness. In children, the behavioral adverse effects of hostility and nervousness were also noted. Levetiracetam is an important addition to the treatment of epilepsy.
Catechol-Functionalized Chitosan/Pluronic Hydrogels for Tissue Adhesives and Hemostatic Materials (2011)

Bioinspired from adhesion behaviors of mussels, injectable and thermosensitive chitosan/Pluronic composite hydrogels were synthesized for tissue adhesives and hemostatic materials. Chitosan conjugated with multiple catechol groups in the backbone was cross-linked with terminally thiolated Pluronic F-127 triblock copolymer to produce temperature-sensitive and adhesive sol-gel transition hydrogels. A blend mixture of the catechol-conjugated chitosan and the thiolated Pluronic F-127 was a viscous solution state at room temperature but became a cross-linked gel state with instantaneous solidification at the body temperature and physiological pH. The adhesive chitosan/Pluronic injectable hydrogels with remnant catechol groups showed strong adhesiveness to soft tissues and mucous layers and also demonstrated superior hemostatic properties. These chitosan/Pluronic hydrogels are expected to be usefully exploited for injectable drug delivery depots, tissue engineering hydrogels, tissue adhesives, and antibleeding materials.
Nontemplate synthesis of an unsaturated tetraaza[14]macrocycle and its metal(II) complexes (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNontemplate synthesis of an unsaturated tetraaza[14]macrocycle and its metal(II) complexesRichard H. Holm and T. J. TruexCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1, 285–286Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00730a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00730a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts