gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noncovalent Polycationic Coatings for Capillaries in Capillary Electrophoresis of Proteins (1997)

The adsorption of proteins with net positive charges (pI > pH) on the walls of fused-silica capillaries is a common problem in the analysis of proteins by capillary electrophoresis. This paper explores the use of polycationic polymers as noncovalent coatings to limit this problem. The behavior of three sets of proteins was compared using uncoated and coated capillaries: (i) a protein charge ladder obtained by acetylation of lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17); (ii) a protein charge ladder obtained by acetylation of carbonic anhydrase II (EC 4.2.1.1); (iii) a test panel of proteins with a range of values of molecular weight and pI. Four polycationic polymers were examined: polyethylenimine (PEI; MWav = 15000), Polybrene (MWav = 25000), poly(methoxyethoxyethyl)ethylenimine (MWav = 64000), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (MWav = 10000). Detection of proteins with high pI was readily achieved using the first three of these polycationic polymer coatings but not with the poly(diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride). Examination of the stability of these coatings indicates that they are robust: the change in electroosmotic flow was less than 10% for 25 replications of the same separations, using capillaries coated with PEI or Polybrene. This study demonstrates that the charge ladder obtained by acetylation of lysozyme is a good model with which to test the efficiency of polycationic coatings. A study of the electrophoretic mobilities of the members of this charge ladder at pH 8.3 determined the effective charge of lysozyme (Zp(0) = +7.6 +/- 0.1) and established the acidity of the alpha-ammonium group of lysozyme (pKa = 7.8 +/- 0.1). Results from the test panel of proteins suggest that protein adsorption is mainly driven by electrostatic interactions.
A novel blocker-PCR method for detection of rare mutant alleles in the presence of an excess amount of normal DNA (1992)

A novel polymerase chain reaction method was developed to preferentially amplify a segment of DNA containing a base substitution mutation. This technique uses a pair of dideoxynucleotide-labeled oligonucleotides (18 mers) of normal sequences as blockers located between the two primers. By virtue of a subtle difference in the melting temperature between the blocker-normal DNA and blocker-mutant DNA hybrids, the method allows preferential amplification of the mutant DNA. We used the human N-ras gene as a model. Two different types of N-ras mutations could be effectively amplified when they were present with an excess amount of normal DNA at a ratio of 1:10(3). Furthermore, the sensitivity was increased 10-fold by using single strand conformation polymorphism analysis for the amplified products, and mutant DNA was detected in the presence of a 10(4) times excess amount of normal DNA.
SiN membrane masks for x-ray lithography (1982)

The fabrication and properties of a new x-ray lithography mask are described. The mask is made of a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PCVD) silicon nitride (SiN) membrane, which is supported by a silicon frame. The PCVD SiN film, deposited on silicon substrate under appropriate conditions, has a tensile stress of about 1×108 dyn/cm2, which is much lower than that of a Si3N4 film prepared by conventional (pyrolytic) CVD. The strength of the PCVD SiN membrane, stretched over a silicon frame, is as high as that of a Si3N4/SiO2/Si3N4 sandwich structure membrane, and is much higher than that of a conventional CVD Si3N4 membrane. The PCVD SiN film with low stress realizes a low distortion x-ray mask substrate which is expected to be applied to very fine pattern lithography.
Metformin and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (RAD001) sensitize breast cancer cells to the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro. (2012)

Our investigation provides a rationale for the clinical application of metformin within treatment regimens for breast cancer.
A platform for seamless interworking among conventional LANs and ATM networks (2002)

Internetworking of FDDI, Ethernet or other local area networks including the ATM-LAN to the public ATM networks will involve the development of the ATM hub. Taking the performance and cost-effective factors into account, a scalable two-stage switching hub platform is proposed for private network environment with ATM-ready capabilities. Packet as well as cell switching architectures are adopted for the design of the switching fabrics. The architecture applies the concept of each source/destination port pair with dedicated input and output queues. A generalized multisubsystem interconnect adapter (MIA) is also proposed for heterogeneous subsystems to a common switching fabric. The design complexity versus performance of the I/O queues' number and length are analyzed. Finally, an implementation-leading approach of the MIA is presented.
Deficiency of Sustained Attention in ADHD and Its Potential Genetic Contributor MAOA (2015)

Children with ADHD presented with a sustained attention deficit compared with normal controls. The sustained attention deficit of children with ADHD may be associated with genetic variant of MAOA.
THE FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF MENSTRUAL BLOOD (1956)

Several hypotheses have been proposed in order to explain the inability of normal menstrual blood to clot spontaneously. Neither the alkaline secretion of the uterine cervix nor the acid secretion of the vagina are responsible for the fluidity as suggested by some authors (for references see King, 1921). It is now generally accepted that the fluidity of menstrual blood is caused by the absence of fibrinogen and fibrin and that this is due to a fibrinolytic activity in the discharge. Opinions have varied concerning the nature of the fibrinolytic agents involved.
SARM1 activation triggers axon degeneration locally via NAD + destruction (2015)

Axon degeneration is an intrinsic self-destruction program that underlies axon loss during injury and disease. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 (SARM1) protein is an essential mediator of axon degeneration. We report that SARM1 initiates a local destruction program involving rapid breakdown of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) after injury. We used an engineered protease-sensitized SARM1 to demonstrate that SARM1 activity is required after axon injury to induce axon degeneration. Dimerization of the Toll-interleukin receptor (TIR) domain of SARM1 alone was sufficient to induce locally mediated axon degeneration. Formation of the SARM1 TIR dimer triggered rapid breakdown of NAD(+), whereas SARM1-induced axon destruction could be counteracted by increased NAD(+) synthesis. SARM1-induced depletion of NAD(+) may explain the potent axon protection in Wallerian degeneration slow (Wld(s)) mutant mice.
Characteristics of the protease activity in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. (1999)

Activation of the coagulation system was more marked in RA than in OA, strongly suggesting that in RA there is an imbalance between thrombin and its inhibitors, and that thrombin is more closely linked to the pathogenesis of RA than to that of OA. Our results also show that analysis of the synovial fluid may be useful to estimate the activation of the coagulation system in RA, but not that of the fibrinolytic system.
Histamine H1‐receptor antagonists inhibit nuclear factor‐kappaB and activator protein‐1 activities via H1‐receptor‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms (2008)

Repression of NF-kappaB and AP-1 activities by H1-receptor antagonists involves H1-receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms but not 5-LO.
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infiltrate the Spinal Cord, Reduce Demyelination, and Localize to White Matter Lesions in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2010)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can abrogate the animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), but whether this therapeutic effect occurs entirely through systemic immune modulation and whether CNS infiltration occurs after peripheral delivery are uncertain. We studied the clinical and neuropathologic effects of intravenously administered human MSCs (hMSCs) in C57BL/6 mice with EAE. Human MSCs significantly reduced the clinical disease severity, particularly in later disease. Large numbers of hMSCs migrated into gray and white matter at all levels of the spinal cord in both naive mice and mice with EAE. In the latter, hMSCs accumulated over time in demyelinated areas. There were 2 distinct morphological appearances of the hMSCs in the tissue, that is, rounded and less numerous process-bearing forms; very few expressed neural markers. The number of spinal cord white matter lesions and areas of white matter demyelination were reduced after hMSC treatment compared with control treatment. These findings show that central nervous system infiltration occurs after peripheral delivery of hMSCs, that they accumulate where there is myelin damage, and that they are associated with a reduced extent of demyelination. These data support a potential role for hMSCs in autologous cell therapy in multiple sclerosis.
Characterization of immune responses to baculovirus-expressed equine herpesvirus type 1 glycoproteins D and H in a murine model (1994)

A murine intranasal infection model for equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) was used to evaluate immune responses following immunization with insect cells infected by baculoviruses that express EHV-1 glycoproteins. Baculovirus recombinant glycoprotein D (gD) and gH both induced serum antibodies to EHV-1 when measured by ELISA. The gD recombinant also produced a neutralizing antibody response. Protective immunity, determined by accelerated clearance of virus from the target organs in the respiratory tract, was demonstrated in mice immunized with a baculovirus recombinant expressing gD. In addition to the serological response, evidence is presented which shows that cell-mediated responses also play an important role in protection. Both recombinants induced delayed-type hypersensitivity and lymphoproliferation to EHV-1 antigen. The protective effects of T cells were confirmed by adoptive transfer of spleen cells from baculovirus gD-immunized donors to recipients that were challenged with live EHV-1. Depletion of either CD4- or CD8-bearing cells from the gD-immunized donors reduced the ability of the recipients to clear virus from the target organs, although depletion of CD4 cells had a more marked effect.
Studies on plasma membranes. XXII. Fatty acid profiles of lipid classes in plasma membranes of rat and mouse livers and hepatomas. (1975)

Plasma membranes were isolated from rat and mouse livers, a transplanted rat hepatoma, two transplanted mouse hepatomas and spontaneous mouse hepatomas. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, free fatty acids and triglycerides were separated and their fatty acid profiles determined. The various lipid classes of rat and mouse liver plasma membranes each demonstrated more or less specific fatty acid profiles. The number of double bonds decreased in the order: phosphatidylserine greater than or equal to phosphatidylethanolamine greater than phosphatidylinositol greater than phosphatidylcholine greater than or equal to sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. Small species differences were noted in most lipid classes. A marked sex difference was observed in sphingomyelin of mouse liver membranes but in none of the phospholipids of rat liver membranes. The increased cholesterol content of all hepatoma versus liver plasma membranes was accompanied by a decrease of fatty acyl poly-unsaturation in most lipid classes of the rat hepatoma but not of the mouse hepatoma membranes. The fatty acid profiles of the mouse hepatoma membranes deviated much less from those of mouse liver than did the pattern of rat hepatoma versus rat liver. The results were discussed in relation to lipid fluidity of which fatty acyl unsaturation and cholesterol are the main parameters.
ACTIVATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES FOR ADHESION AND CYTOKINE EXPRESSION BY TOXIN-CONJUGATED ANTI-CD3 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES1 (1999)

The activation of T cells for protein phosphorylation, adhesion, and cytokine expression strongly suggests that the actions of FN18-CRM9 in vivo are not limited to the inhibition of protein synthesis.
The Role of N and C Termini in the Antifreeze Activity of Winter Flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) Antifreeze Proteins (2003)

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are found in many marine fish and have been classified into five biochemical classes: AFP types I-IV and the antifreeze glycoproteins. Type I AFPs are alpha-helical, partially amphipathic, Ala-rich polypeptides. The winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) produces two type I AFP subclasses, the liver-type AFPs (wflAFPs) and the skin-type AFPs (wfsAFPs), that are encoded by distinct gene families with different tissue-specific expression. wfsAFPs and wflAFPs share a high level of identity even though the wfsAFPs have approximately half the activity of the wflAFPs. Synthetic polypeptides based on two representative wflAFPs and wfsAFPs were generated to examine the role of the termini in antifreeze activity. Through systematic exchange of N and C termini between wflAFP-6 and wfsAFP-2, the termini were determined to be the major causative agents for the variation in activity levels between the two AFPs. Furthermore, the termini of wflAFP-6 possessed greater helix-stabilizing ability compared with their wfsAFP-2 counterparts. The observed 50% difference in activity between wflAFP-6 and wfsAFP-2 can be divided into approximately 20% for differences at each termini and approximately 10% for differences in the core. Furthermore, the N terminus was determined to be the most critical component for antifreeze activity.
Molecular cloning of a porcine gene syk that encodes a 72-kDa protein-tyrosine kinase showing high susceptibility to proteolysis (1991)

By using antibodies raised against a portion of N terminus of 40-kDa kinase (Kobayashi, T., Nakamura, S., Taniguchi, T., and Yamamura, H. (1990) Eur. J. Biochem. 188, 535-540), not only 40-kDa protein but also 72-kDa protein were detected on immunoblot analysis of porcine spleen homogenate. In splenocytes preparation, the antibodies could immunoprecipitate protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the 72-kDa protein but not detect the 40-kDa protein even on immunoblot. After incubation of crude spleen homogenate at 37 degrees C with or without various protease inhibitors, immunoblot analysis revealed proteolytic breakdown of the 72-kDa protein to 40-kDa fragment. Next, using oligonucleotides designed according to partially sequenced information of the 40-kDa kinase as a probe, we have isolated a clone containing entire coding sequence for the 40-kDa kinase from a porcine spleen cDNA library. This clone had a 1884-base-pair-long open reading frame encoding 628-amino-acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular weight of 71,618. The deduced amino acid sequence did not contain a ligand binding or membrane spanning region but did a well-conserved protein-tyrosine kinase domain and two src homology region 2 domains. The sequences of these domains showed 30-40% identity to those of other protein-tyrosine kinases, but those of remaining parts were quite unique. From these results, we concluded that the 40-kDa kinase was generated by proteolysis from the 72-kDa holoprotein which was a new member of nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinase so far reported. We therefore designated this gene as syk after spleen tyrosine kinase.
Engineering Fab' fragments for efficient F(ab)2 formation in Escherichia coli and for improved in vivo stability. (1993)

We previously developed an efficient route to humanized F(ab')2 fragments by high level secretion of the Fab' arms from Escherichia coli followed by directed chemical coupling in vitro. Here the number and type of interchain linkages in F(ab')2 molecules has been modified to simplify their production and improve their serum stability. All F(ab')2 variants had comparable binding affinity for the p185HER2 Ag and antiproliferative activity against p185HER2-overexpressing tumor cells. This was anticipated since the modifications are distant from the Ag-binding loops. Replacement of a single disulfide bridge between Fab' arms with a more stable thioether bridge increased the serum permanence time in normal mice by threefold to 2.1 h. Removal of the disulfide bond between L and H chains in the thioether-bridged F(ab')2 did not affect the pharmacokinetics, suggesting that the L chain remains associated with the H chain. An additional Fab' variant containing three repeats of the motif, CysProPro, was constructed with the aim of promoting efficient formation of F(ab')2 in E. coli. This Fab' (CPP)3 variant was recovered predominantly (up to 70%) as F(ab')2 directly from fermentation cell pastes, thus circumventing the need for in vitro coupling. The F(ab')2 (CPP)3 variant has a similar serum pharmacokinetics to the thioether-bridged molecules. The improvements described here for deriving F(ab')2 fragments from E. coli should enhance the clinical potential of these molecules.
An Investigative Study on Horizontal Well and Extended Reach Technologies with Reported Problem Areas and Operational Practice in North America and Europe (1996)

Abstract In 1994 and 1995, a study was initiated to investigate developments, activity, and philosophies of the larger oil and gas industry in implementing horizontal well and extended reach technologies. To date, North American and European operators, contractors, service companies, government authorities, and educational institutions have been interviewed directly along with the development of data resources and references. Over 100 people shared in direct interviews, constituting 13 operators in Europe, 14 operators in North America, 2 drilling contractors, and 5 major manufacturing/service companies. Over 40 person-to-person interviews were accomplished in North America and Europe. Any company specific information shared in the interviews were given in confidence in that the companies would not be identified in any summary results; thus this paper refers to industry findings. Interviews along with approximately 1000 references and industry well information provided a detailed look at horizontal well and extended reach technology industry along with application strategy and philosophy.
A collagen receptor on Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with septic arthritis mediates adhesion to cartilage (1993)

Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with septic arthritis or osteomyelitis possess a collagen receptor present in two forms, which contains either two or three copies of a 187-amino-acid repeat motif. Collagen receptor-positive strains adhered to both collagen substrata and cartilage in a time-dependent process. Collagen receptor-specific antibodies blocked bacterial adherence, as did preincubation of the substrate with a recombinant form of the receptor protein. Furthermore, polystyrene beads coated with the collagen receptor bound collagen and attached to cartilage. Taken together, these results suggest that the collagen receptor is both necessary and sufficient to mediate bacterial adherence to cartilage in a process that constitutes an important part of the pathogenic mechanism in septic arthritis.
A Cell-Impermeable Cyclosporine A Derivative Reduces Pathology in a Mouse Model of Allergic Lung Inflammation (2010)

Although the main regulators of leukocyte trafficking are chemokines, another family of chemotactic agents is cyclophilins. Intracellular cyclophilins function as peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases and are targets of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA). Cyclophilins can also be secreted in response to stress factors, with elevated levels of extracellular cyclophilins detected in several inflammatory diseases. Extracellular cyclophilins are known to have potent chemotactic properties, suggesting that they might contribute to inflammatory responses by recruiting leukocytes into tissues. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of blocking cyclophilin activity using a cell-impermeable derivative of CsA to specifically target extracellular pools of cyclophilins. In this study, we show that treatment with this compound in a mouse model of allergic lung inflammation demonstrates up to 80% reduction in inflammation, directly inhibits the recruitment of Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells, and works equally well when delivered at 100-fold lower doses directly to the airways. Our findings suggest that cell-impermeable analogs of CsA can effectively reduce inflammatory responses by targeting leukocyte recruitment mediated by extracellular cyclophilins. Specifically blocking the extracellular functions of cyclophilins may provide an approach for inhibiting the recruitment of one of the principal immune regulators of allergic lung inflammation, Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells, into inflamed airways and lungs.
Comparative study of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of natural human interferon-beta 1 and recombinant human interferon-beta 1 produced by three different mammalian cells. (1988)

The asparagine-linked sugar chains of natural interferon-beta 1 secreted from human foreskin fibroblasts by poly I:poly C induction and of three recombinant human interferon-beta 1 produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells, mouse epithelial cells (C127), and human lung adenocarcinoma cells (PC8) were released quantitatively as oligosaccharides by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation. After being reduced with either NaB3H4 or NaB2H4, their structures were comparatively analyzed. More than 80% of the sugar chains of natural interferon-beta 1 occur as biantennary complex-type sugar chains, approximately 10% of which contain N-acetyllactosamine repeating structure in their outer chain moieties. The remainders are 2,4- and 2,6-branched triantennary complex-type sugar chains. The sugar chains of the recombinant interferon-beta 1 derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells were very similar to those of its natural counterpart. In contrast, two other recombinant proteins contain quite different sugar chains. The protein derived from C127 cells contains complex-type sugar chains with the Gal alpha 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc group in their outer chain moieties. Their sialic acid residues occur solely as the Sia alpha 2----6Gal group, where Sia is sialic acid. In contrast, the sialic acid residues of other interferon-beta 1 occur as the Sia alpha 2----3Gal group only. A part of the sugar chains of the protein derived from PC8 cells contains bisecting N-acetylglucosamine residue in addition to the Gal alpha 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc group.
Accounting in the cloud : advertorial (2012)

Towards the end of last year a research survey we conducted indicated that 77% of professional accountants have no understanding of what accounting in the cloud is. This result made me realise that the term 'cloud computing' is not as broadly understood as I had assumed and the concept is, therefore, not being applied as broadly as I had hoped.
<title>Microfabrication and application of reservoir pins for liquid transfer in biotechnology</title> (2001)

Microarraying involves laying down genetic elements onto a solid substrate for DNA analysis on a massively parallel scale. Microarrays are prepared using a pin-based robotic platform to transfer liquid samples from microtitre plates to an array pattern of dots of different liquids on the surface of glass slides where they dry to form spots diameter &lt; 200 micrometers . This paper presents the design, materials selection, micromachining technology and performance of reservoir pins for microarraying.