gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The sketchy database (2016)

We present the Sketchy database , the first large-scale collection of sketch-photo pairs. We ask crowd workers to sketch particular photographic objects sampled from 125 categories and acquire 75,471 sketches of 12,500 objects. The Sketchy database gives us fine-grained associations between particular photos and sketches, and we use this to train cross-domain convolutional networks which embed sketches and photographs in a common feature space. We use our database as a benchmark for fine-grained retrieval and show that our learned representation significantly outperforms both hand-crafted features as well as deep features trained for sketch or photo classification. Beyond image retrieval, we believe the Sketchy database opens up new opportunities for sketch and image understanding and synthesis.
Preclinical Validation of the Heparin-Reactive Peptide p5+14 as a Molecular Imaging Agent for Visceral Amyloidosis (2015)

Amyloid is a complex pathologic matrix comprised principally of paracrystalline protein fibrils and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Systemic amyloid diseases are rare, thus, routine diagnosis is often challenging. The glycosaminoglycans ubiquitously present in amyloid deposits are biochemically and electrochemically distinct from those found in the healthy tissues due to the high degree of sulfation. We have exploited this unique property and evaluated heparin-reactive peptides, such as p5+14, as novel agents for specifically targeting and imaging amyloid. Herein, we demonstrate that radiolabeled p5+14 effectively bound murine AA amyloid in vivo by using molecular imaging. Biotinylated peptide also reacted with the major forms of human amyloid in tissue sections as evidenced immunohistochemically. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the peptide also binds synthetic amyloid fibrils that lack glycosaminoglycans implying that the dense anionic motif present on heparin is mimicked by the amyloid protein fibril itself. These biochemical and functional data support the translation of radiolabeled peptide p5+14 for the clinical imaging of amyloid in patients.
Biphosphonates for the therapy of complex regional pain syndrome I – Systematic review (2008)

The very limited data reviewed showed that bisphosphonates have the potential to reduce pain associated with bone loss in patients with CRPS I. However, at present there is not sufficient evidence to recommend their use in practice.
Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization of stearyl methacrylate using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator (2002)

Abstract The living/controlled radical polymerization of stearyl methacrylate was carried out with a conventional radical initiator (2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile) in N,N ‐dimethylformamide in the presence of a 2,2′‐bipyridine complex of hexakis( N,N ‐dimethylformamide)iron(III) perchlorate. The polymerization mechanism was thought to proceed through a reverse atom transfer radical polymerization. The molecular weights of resulting poly(stearyl methacrylate) increased with conversion, and the resulting molecular weight distributions were quite narrow. The rates of polymerization exhibited first‐order kinetics with respect to the monomer. A probable reaction mechanism for the polymerization system is postulated to explain the observed results. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1236–1245, 2002
Protection of Cattle Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease by a Synthetic Peptide (1986)

A chemically synthesized peptide consisting essentially of two separate regions (residues 141 to 158 and 200 to 213) of a virus coat protein (VP1) from the O1 Kaufbeuren strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus was prepared free of any carrier protein. It elicited high levels of neutralizing antibody and protected cattle against intradermolingual challenge by inoculation with infectious virus. Comparative evaluation of this peptide with a single-site peptide (residues 141 to 158) in guinea pigs suggests the importance of the VP1 carboxyl terminal residues in enhancing the protective response.
A 64-Cell NAND Flash Memory with Asymmetric S/D Structure for Sub-40nm Technology and Beyond (2006)

A new 64-cell NAND flash memory with asymmetric S/D (Source/Drain) structure for sub-40nm node technology and beyond has been successfully developed. To suppress short channel effect in NAND memory cell, asymmetric S/D consisting of optimized junction and inversion layer induced by fringe field of WL bias which is applied at NAND operation conditions is successfully utilized. 64-cell NAND string which is double number of cells used in current NAND string is also used to further reduce bit cost by achieving over 10% chip size reduction while almost maintaining MLC (multi-level-cell) NAND performance requirements
Role of gastrin and gastrin receptors on the growth of a transplantable mouse colon carcinoma (MC-26) in BALB/c mice. (1986)

We recently reported trophic response of transplantable mouse colon cancer cells (MC-26) to pentagastrin, in vivo, and demonstrated gastrin receptors on MC-26 cells, in vitro. In the present study, growth of MC-26 cells in mice, in response to pentagastrin, was studied in relation to binding kinetics and capacity of gastrin receptor. Gastrin receptor levels on mouse fundic and colonic membranes and on MC-26 cellular membranes were determined before MC-26 cell inoculation and designated as Day 0 levels. Four groups of mice were next inoculated with MC-26 cells and given injections of either pentagastrin (treated) or normal saline (control) for 10 or 15 days. At the end of the treatment periods, body, tumor, fundic, and colon weights were noted and gastrin receptor measured. tumor and fundic weights increased significantly within 15 days of pentagastrin treatment, compared to control values. In control (non-pentagastrin treated) mice, the binding affinity of gastrin receptor on tumor membranes was significantly decreased and associated with the complete loss of high-affinity gastrin receptor (Kd = less than 0.5 nM) by Day 15 of tumor growth. On the other hand, both the binding affinity and gastrin receptor levels of tumor membranes were maintained at Day 0 values by pentagastrin treatment. Endogenous gastrin was therefore ineffective in maintaining high-affinity gastrin receptor on control tumors. A significant number of low-affinity gastrin-binding sites (Kd = less than 2 nM) appeared in control tumors by Day 15, which could reflect rapid dedifferentiation or conformational changes of gastrin receptor in the absence of high levels of normal regulatory hormones. These studies demonstrate that the trophic effects of gastrin on MC-26 cells are probably mediated by its regulation and maintenance of the binding affinity and capacity of gastrin receptor on the cancer cells, in vivo.
Valoración productiva de lechuga hidropónica con la técnica de película de nutrientes (nft) (2005)

The hydroponic system nutrient film technique (nft) was evaluated for the production of French lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. acephala) and Roman lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) under the artificial climatic conditions provided by greenhouse in the cycle autumn-winter in Reynosa, Tamps. The seed plot was developed in autumn and the production in winter. The French lettuce production was 0,55 kg/plant (23,6 ton/ha/cycle) and 0,40 kg/plant (23,6 ton/ha/cycle) when the frame of plantation was 4,3 and 5,9 plant/m 2 , respectively. The Roman lettuce production was 0,55 kg/plant (32,4 ton/ha/cycle) with a frame of plantation of 5,9 plants/m 2 . The water consumption was 13,8 liters/plant, corresponding 93.0% of this consumption to evotranspiration and the rest to dry matter. The crop cycle was 27 days in the nursery and 59 days in the hydroponic system from transplanting until the harvest finished.
Draining Lymph Nodes of Corneal Transplant Hosts Exhibit Evidence for Donor Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II–positive Dendritic Cells Derived from MHC Class II–negative Grafts (2002)

To examine the widely accepted dogmas that corneal grafts lack passenger leukocytes or cells capable of migrating directly to lymph nodes (LNs), we tracked the migration of corneal graft-derived transgenic green fluorescent protein (GFP; Ia(b)) cells into the draining LNs of allogeneic (Ia(d)) recipients. GFP(+) cells were identified in cervical LNs several hours after transplantation, and this traffic was significantly enhanced when grafts were placed in inflamed recipient beds. Draining cells were Ia(b+), CD45(+), and CD11c(+), and examination of ungrafted corneas revealed numerous similarly CD45(+)CD11c(+)CD3(-)CD8alpha(-) cells that uniformly lacked major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression; transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of morphologically similar cells. After transplantation, or placement in culture, these CD11c(+) cells became class II(+) in a time-dependent manner and were capable of allostimulatory function. However, the stimulatory capacity of these cornea-derived dendritic cells (DCs) was suppressed compared with splenic controls. These results demonstrate for the first time that the cornea is endowed with resident DCs that are universally MHC class II(-) but that are capable of expressing class II antigen after surgery and migrating to draining LNs of allografted hosts. These data refute the tenet that the cornea is immune privileged due to lack of resident lymphoreticular cells or due to antigenic sequestration from systemic immunity.
Foreign DNA introduced by calcium phosphate is integrated into repetitive DNA elements of the mouse L cell genome. (1986)

We investigated the sites of integration of exogenous DNA fragments introduced by DNA-mediated gene transfer. Mouse Ltk- cells were transformed with the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene and pBR322 DNA by the calcium phosphate precipitation method. Some of the integrated exogenous DNA sequences were recovered from the stable tk+ transformants in the form of plasmids that were capable of propagation in bacteria. Four plasmids derived from two cloned cell lines were analyzed in detail by nucleotide sequencing and hybridization techniques. These plasmids contained a total of seven cellular-exogenous DNA junctions. In all cases, there was no sequence homology between the exogenous and cellular DNA sequences adjacent to the joining sites, and no specific exogenous or cellular sequences occurred at the junctions. Rearrangement or deletion of Ltk- DNA was always associated with the integration of exogenous DNA. All of the assignable cellular sequences at the junctions were repetitive sequences. Two of these sequences were from the MIF-1 repetitive sequence family, and a third consisted of a 40-base pair simple copolymer of alternating deoxyadenosine-deoxythymidine. Our results suggest that repetitive sequences are relatively favorable sites for the integration of exogenous DNA.
REGULATION OF THE COMPLEMENT CASCADE BY SOLUBLE COMPLEMENT RECEPTOR TYPE 1 (1995)

The complement cascade was inactivated in a model of rat liver ischemia with the purpose of studying the role of complement in tissue injury after ischemia and reperfusion. Soluble human complement receptor type 1 (sCR1) was administered either in a single dose of 25 mg/kg or in 2 doses of 50 mg/kg i.v. over 24 hr after vascular occlusion. Sham-operated rats, nontreated rats submitted to liver ischemia, and rats pretreated with cobra venom factor and submitted to liver ischemia were used as controls. This experiment consists of the temporary interruption of arterial and portal blood flow to the left lateral and medial lobes of the liver for 45 min, followed by a 24-hr period of follow-up after reperfusion. Liver blood flow and hemoglobin saturation were recorded for 1 hr after declamping, with statistically significant differences between the experimental groups and the untreated control group, which received liver ischemia (P < 0.001). At 24 hr, galactose elimination was assayed as a liver function test; it was significantly better in the sCR1-treated rats when compared with control rats submitted to ischemia (P < 0.01). Alanine aminotransferase levels were also significantly lower in the sCR1-treated rats at 6 and 24 hr (P < 0.05). Complement activity was reduced to 25% and 12.5% of normal rats with the respective doses of sCR1. Immunoperoxidase stainings for C3 and C9 were performed on liver sections; they showed endothelial deposits of C3 and C9 in the control group subjected to ischemia. Few C3 deposits were present in the sCR1 (25 mg/kg)-treated rats, but not in the cobra venom factor or sCR1 (50 mg/kg) groups. These results confirm that complement is inactivated by sCR1 with amelioration of reperfusion injury in the rat liver.
Identification of Genomic Differences between Hanwoo and Holstein Breeds Using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 BeadChip (2011)

The use of genomic information in genomic selection programs for dairy and beef cattle breeds has become a reality in recent years. In this investigation, we analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for Hanwoo (n=50) and Holstein (n=50) breeds using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 BeadChip to facilitate genomic selection and utilization of the Hanwoo breed in Korea. Analysis of the entire genomes showed different spectra of SNP frequencies for Hanwoo and Holstein cattle. The study revealed a highly significant (p0.001) difference between Hanwoo and Holstein cattle in minor allele frequency (MAF). The average MAFs were 0.190.16 and 0.220.16 for Hanwoo and Holstein, respectively. From the total of 52,337 SNPs that were successfully identified, about 72% and 79% were polymorphic in Hanwoos and Holsteins, respectively. Polymorphic and fixed SNPs were not distributed uniformly across the chromosomes within breeds or between the two breeds. The number of fixed SNPs on all chromosomes was higher in Hanwoo cattle, reflecting the genetic uniqueness of the Hanwoo breed. In general, the rate of polymorphisms detected in these two breeds suggests that the SNPs can be used for different applications, such as whole-genome association and comparative genetic studies, and are a helpful tool in developing breed identification genetic markers.
Different RPGR exon ORF15 mutations in Canids provide insights into photoreceptor cell degeneration (2002)

The canine disease, X-linked progressive retinal atrophy (XLPRA), is similar to human RP3, an X-linked form of retinitis pigmentosa, and maps to the same region in the X chromosome. Analysis of the physical map of the XLPRA and RP3 intervals shows a high degree of conservation in terms of genes and their order. We have found different mutations in exon ORF15 of the RPGR gene in two distinct mutant dog strains (XLPRA1, XLPRA2). Microdeletions resulting in a premature stop or a frameshift mutation result in very different retinal phenotypes, which are allele-specific and consistent for each mutation. The phenotype associated with the frameshift mutation in XLPRA2 is very severe and manifests during retinal development; the phenotype resulting from the XLPRA1 nonsense mutation is expressed only after normal photoreceptor morphogenesis. Splicing of RPGR mRNA transcripts in retina is complex, and either exon ORF15 or exon 19 can be a terminal exon. The retina-predominant transcript contains ORF15 as a terminal exon, and is expressed in normal and mutant retinas. The frameshift mutation dramatically alters the deduced amino acid sequence, and the protein aggregates in the endoplasmic reticulum of transfected cells. The cellular and molecular results in the two canine RPGR exon ORF15 mutations have implications for understanding the phenotypic variability found in human RP3 families that carry similar mutations.
Taxonomy of Preys in Natural Young Tarpon, Megalops atlanticus (1999)

Predator, tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) has a specific preferring preys in natural environments. To investigate this, young tarpon were captured and their stomach contents were weighed and sorted based on taxonomic groups. Average standard length and body weight for tarpon captured were 11.49 cm and 34.67 g, respectively. The average weight of the stomach contents in the tarpon was 0.83 g. The status of digestion extent of the consumed preys was 2.37 which indicated that preys were relatively well digested. The main preys in tarpon stomach were other fishes (mosquito fish and sheepshead minnow) and shrimp. Frequency occurrence of fishes in tarpon stomach was highest (P<0.05). Also, frequency occurrence of shrimp was higher than that of fly (P<0.05). Mean individual number of fish found in tarpon stomach was 2.66 per tarpon and it was higher than that of shrimp or fly (P<0.05). There was linear regression between the total weight of the consumed preys and the standard length of tarpon; Y (Total weight of preys) = 0.3151 X (Standard length of tarpon) - 2.7123, R²=0.6140. Also, there was the strong linear regression between the total weight of the consumed preys and weight of the tarpon; Y (Total weight of preys) = 0.0299 X (Body weight of tarpon) - 0.0774, R²=0.7882. These results indicated that the main preys for young tarpon in their natural environments were small fish composed of mosquito fish and sheepshead minnow and shrimp. And there was the stronger correlation between the total weight of preys and the body weight of tarpon than that between the total weight of preys and the standard length of tarpon.
Structure and Function of Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels (1996)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels play important roles in both visual (Yau & Baylor 1989) and olfactory (Zufall et al 1994) signal transduction. The cloning of the gene coding for a rod photoreceptor channel (Kaupp et al 1989) and the subsequent cloning of related genes from olfactory neurons (Dhallan et al 1990, Ludwig et al 1990, Goulding et al 1992) has sparked much progress over the past several years in elucidating the structural bases for the function of the CNG channels. One of the surprising features to emerge from these cloning studies was that the CNG channels are structurally homologous to the voltage-gated channels (Jan & Jan 1990) despite the fact that the CNG channels are gated by the binding of a ligand-cAMP or cGMP-and not by voltage. In this review we focus on recent studies of the relationship between the structure and function of the CNG channels. Given the homology between CNG channels and voltage-gated channels, such studies are likely to provide important general information about the structure and function of a wide variety of channel types.
A 210-GHz f/sub T/ SiGe HBT with a non-self-aligned structure (2001)

A record 210-GHz f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor at a collector current density of 6-9 mA/μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is fabricated with a new nonself-aligned (NSA) structure based on 0.18 μm technology. This NSA structure has a low-complexity emitter and extrinsic base process which reduces overall thermal cycle and minimizes transient enhanced diffusion. A low-power performance has been achieved which requires only 1 mA collector current to reach 200-GHz f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> . The performance is a result of narrow base width and reduced parasitics in the device. Detailed comparison is made to a 120-GHz self-aligned production device.
Nanoimprint lithography: An old story in modern times? A review (2008)

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a high throughput, high-resolution parallel patterning method in which a surface pattern of a stamp is replicated into a material by mechanical contact and three dimensional material displacement. This can be done by shaping a liquid followed by a curing process for hardening, by variation of the thermomechanical properties of a film by heating and cooling, or by any other kind of shaping process using the difference in hardness of a mold and a moldable material. The local thickness contrast of the resulting thin molded film can be used as a means to pattern an underlying substrate on wafer level by standard pattern transfer methods, but also directly in applications where a bulk modified functional layer is needed. Therefore it is mainly aimed toward fields in which electron beam and high-end photolithography are costly and do not provide sufficient resolution at reasonable throughput. The aim of this review is to play between two poles: the need to establish standard processes and tools for research and industry, and the issues that make NIL a scientific endeavor. It is not the author’s intention to duplicate the content of the reviews already published, but to look on the NIL process as a whole. The author will also address some issues, which are not covered by the other reviews, e.g., the origin of NIL and the misconceptions, which sometimes dominate the debate about problems of NIL, and guide the reader to issues, which are often forgotten or overlooked.
Zwitterionic Polymers Exhibiting High Resistance to Nonspecific Protein Adsorption from Human Serum and Plasma (2008)

This study examined six different polymer and self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surface modifications for their interactions with human serum and plasma. It was demonstrated that zwitterionic polymer surfaces are viable alternatives to more traditional surfaces based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as nonfouling surfaces. All polymer surfaces were formed using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and they showed an increased resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption compared to SAMs. This improvement is due to an increase in the surface packing density of nonfouling groups on the surface, as well as a steric repulsion from the flexible polymer brush surfaces. The zwitterionic polymer surface based on carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA) also incorporates functional groups for protein immobilization in the nonfouling background, making it a strong candidate for many applications such as in diagnostics and drug delivery.
Allogeneic Vaccination With a B7.1 HLA-A Gene-Modified Adenocarcinoma Cell Line in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2004)

Minimal toxicity and good survival in this small population suggest clinical benefit from vaccination.
Rapid expansion of cytomegalovirus–specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by artificial antigen-presenting cells expressing a single HLA allele (2003)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major threat in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The adoptive transfer of CMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) expanded from the blood of CMV-seropositive donors has been shown to effectively control CMV infection. However, the requirement for safe and effective antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for each patient precludes broad applicability of this successful form of therapy. Here we analyze the ability of artificial APCs (AAPCs) to activate and expand CMV-specific CTLs from peripheral blood of seropositive HLA A2.1+ donors. We demonstrate that AAPCs expressing the CMV P495 peptide or the full-length pp65 protein stimulate P495-specific CTLs at least as effectively as autologous, peptide-pulsed, peripheral blood mononuclear cells or EBV-transformed B cells. Starting from 100 mL of blood, the AAPCs reliably yield clinically relevant CTL numbers after a single stimulation. CTLs activated on AAPCs effectively kill CMV-infected fibroblasts and have a Tc1 memory effector phenotype identical to that of CTLs generated with autologous APCs. AAPCs thus offer a rapid, controlled, convenient, and highly reproducible system for expanding CMV-specific CTLs. Furthermore, the CTL expansion obtained with AAPCs encoding full-length pp65 indicates that AAPCs may be used to present known as well as unknown CTL epitopes in the context of the AAPC's HLA.