gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced intelligent networks: now a reality (1994)

This paper looks first at the background to the development of intelligent networking concepts and then tracks this development to the advanced intelligent networks (AINs) of today. The network architecture and basic nodal functions are explained, and a brief review given of the essential intelligent network building blocks, namely the IN (intelligent network) call model and the enhanced CCITT No.7 signalling system. Typical intelligent network services are examined and the tutorial finishes with a review of the latest IN standards.
Selective Ablation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Antibody-Targeted Chemotherapy: A Phase I Study of an Anti-CD33 Calicheamicin Immunoconjugate (1999)

Abstract Leukemic blast cells express the CD33 antigen in most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but this antigen is not expressed by hematopoietic stem cells. We conducted a study to determine whether normal hematopoiesis could be restored in patients with AML by selective ablation of cells expressing the CD33 antigen. In a dose escalation study, 40 patients with relapsed or refractory CD33+ AML were treated with an immunoconjugate (CMA-676) consisting of humanized anti-CD33 antibody linked to the potent antitumor antibiotic calicheamicin. The capacity of leukemic cells to efflux 3,3’-diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC2) was used to estimate pretreatment functional drug resistance. Leukemia was eliminated from the blood and marrow of 8 (20%) of the 40 patients; blood counts returned to normal in three (8%) patients. A high rate of clinical response was observed in leukemias characterized by low dye efflux in vitro. Infusions of CMA-676 were generally well tolerated, and a postinfusion syndrome of fever and chills was the most common toxic effect. Two patients who were treated at the highest dose level (9 mg/m2) were neutropenic &amp;gt;5 weeks after the last dose of CMA-676. These results show that an immunoconjugate targeted to CD33 can selectively ablate malignant hematopoiesis in some patients with AML.
Amber Suppression in Mammalian Cells Dependent upon Expression of an Escherichia coli Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Gene (1996)

As an approach to inducible suppression of nonsense mutations in mammalian and in higher eukaryotic cells, we have analyzed the expression of an Escherichia coli glutamine-inserting amber suppressor tRNA gene in COS-1 and CV-1 monkey kidney cells. The tRNA gene used has the suppressor tRNA coding sequence flanked by sequences derived from a human initiator methionine tRNA gene and has two changes in the coding sequence. This tRNA gene is transcribed, and the transcript is processed to yield the mature tRNA in COS-1 and CV-1 cells. We show that the tRNA is not aminoacylated in COS-1 cells by any of the endogenous aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and is therefore not functional as a suppressor. Concomitant expression of the E. coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase gene results in aminoacylation of the suppressor tRNA and its functioning as a suppressor. These results open up the possibility of attempts at regulated suppression of nonsense codons in mammalian cells by regulating expression of the E. coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase gene in an inducible, cell-type specific, or developmentally regulated manner.
The Immunoglobulin-Like Cell Adhesion Molecule Nectin and Its Associated Protein Afadin (2008)

Nectins are immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that compose a family of four members. Nectins homophilically and heterophilically interact in trans with each other to form cell-cell adhesions. In addition, they heterophilically interact in trans with other immunoglobulin-like CAMs. Nectins bind afadin, an actin filament (F-actin)-binding protein, at its cytoplasmic tail and associate with the actin cytoskeleton. Afadin additionally serves as an adaptor protein by further binding many scaffolding proteins and F-actin-binding proteins and contributes to the association of nectins with other cell-cell adhesion and intracellular signaling systems. Nectins and afadin play roles in the formation of a variety of cell-cell junctions cooperatively with, or independently of, cadherins. Cooperation between nectins and cadherins is required for the formation of cell-cell junctions; cadherins alone are not sufficient. Additionally, nectins regulate many other cellular activities (such as movement, proliferation, survival, differentiation, polarization, and the entry of viruses) in cooperation with other CAMs and cell surface membrane receptors.
Minor Diterpene Glycosides from the Leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (2014)

Two new diterpene glycosides in addition to five known glycosides have been isolated from a commercial extract of the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana. Compound 1 (rebaudioside KA) was shown to be 13-[(O-β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester and compound 2, 12-α-[(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid β-d-glucopyranosyl ester. Five additional known compounds were identified, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside M, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside O, and stevioside, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis of stevioside afforded the known ent-kaurane aglycone 13-hydroxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (steviol) (3). The isolated metabolite 1 possesses the ent-kaurane aglycone steviol (3), while compound 2 represents the first example of the isomeric diterpene 12-α-hydroxy-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid existing as a glycoside in S. rebaudiana. The structures of the isolated metabolites 1 and 2 were determined based on comprehensive 1D- and 2D-NMR (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) studies. A high-quality crystal of compound 3 has formed, which allowed the acquisition of X-ray diffraction data that confirmed its structure. The structural similarities between the new metabolites and the commercially available stevioside sweeteners suggest the newly isolated metabolites should be examined for their organoleptic properties. Accordingly rebaudiosides E, M, N, O, and KA have been isolated in greater than gram quantities.
Television Studio Design — Signal Routing and Measurement (1979)

Conventional methods for routing signals in a television plant, with their associated limitations, may include patch panels, passive switching, and electronic routing switchers. The production-quality color television routing and measurement system concept discussed here utilizes a modern, standard production, video/audio routing switcher as the central system element. This system eliminates the need for testing through the production switcher (the conventional method) by providing facilities for accurate testing of all sources at the engineering area during full operation. This is of particular significance where unattended switchers are in operation. Other precision timing benefits become possible and practical, further reducing the number of chances for errors. The “path length accuracy” principle is demonstrated in a practical operational model.
Parvodicin, a novel glycopeptide from a new species, Actinomadura parvosata: Discovery, taxonomy, activity and structure elucidation. (1987)

An extensive taxonomic investigation identified strain SK&F-AAJ-271 as a new species, designated Actinomadura parvosata. Fermentations of this organism produce a complex of acidic, lipophilic glycopeptide antibiotics, the parvodicins. Structures for seven of the isolated components were derived from a combination of mass spectral, high-field NMR and chemical techniques. The O-acetyl functionality present in two of the isolated components is a structural feature unique among the known members of this class of antibiotics. The parvodicins are active in vitro against a range of Gram-positive bacteria. The most active parvodicin, C1, produces high serum levels in vivo and has the potential for a long duration of action.
Native oligomeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein elicits diverse monoclonal antibody reactivities (1994)

We synthesized and purified a recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) glycoprotein, lacking the gp120/gp41 cleavage site as well as the transmembrane domain, that is secreted principally as a stable oligomer. Mice were immunized with separated monomeric and oligomeric HIV-1 Env glycoproteins to analyze the repertoire of antibody responses to the tertiary and quaternary structure of the protein. Hybridomas were generated and assayed for reactivity by immunoprecipitation of nondenatured Env protein. A total of 138 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated and cloned, 123 of which were derived from seven animals immunized with oligomeric Env. Within this group, a significant response was obtained against the gp41 ectodomain; 49 MAbs recognized epitopes in gp41, 82% of which were conformational. The influence of conformation on gp120 antigenicity was less pronounced, with 40% of the anti-gp120 MAbs binding to conformational epitopes, many of which blocked CD4 binding. Surprisingly, less than 7% of the MAbs derived from mice immunized with oligomeric Env recognized the V3 loop. In addition, MAbs to linear epitopes in the C-terminal domain of gp120 were not obtained, suggesting that this region of the protein may be partially masked in the oligomeric molecule. A total of 15 MAbs were obtained from two mice immunized with monomeric Env. Nearly half of these recognized the V3 loop, suggesting that this region may be a less predominant epitope in the context of oligomeric Env than in monomeric protein. Thus, immunization with oligomeric Env generates a large proportion of antibodies to conformational epitopes in both gp120 and gp41, many of which may be absent from monomeric Env.
Inorganic Clusters as Single-Source Precursors for Preparation of CdSe, ZnSe, and CdSe/ZnS Nanomaterials (2002)

Molecular inorganic clusters, which are stable under ambient conditions, can be used as convenient single-source precursors for controlled preparation of 2−9-nm CdSe and CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals and 2−5-nm nanocrystals of ZnSe. The use of a cluster-based single-source precursor allows nanomaterial growth to be initiated at low temperature without the pyrolytic step for nucleus formation traditionally required for lyothermal growth processes. The elimination of the pyrolytic step allows greater synthetic control, slow thermodynamic growth at lower temperatures, high crystallinity, and reaction scalability (>50 g/L) while maintaining size dispersity at ∼5%.
Very high accuracy velocity estimation using orientation tensors, parametric motion, and simultaneous segmentation of the motion field (2002)

In a previous paper, the author presented a new velocity estimation algorithm, using orientation tensors and parametric motion models to provide both fast and accurate results. One of the tradeoffs between accuracy and speed was that no attempts were made to obtain regions of coherent motion when estimating the parametric models. In this paper we show how this can be improved by doing a simultaneous segmentation of the motion field. The resulting algorithm is slower than the previous one, but more accurate. This is shown by evaluation on the well-known Yosemite sequence, where already the previous algorithm showed an accuracy which was substantially better than for earlier published methods. This result has now been improved further.
Ruxolitinib for refractory/relapsed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (2019)

Ruxolitinib for refractory/relapsed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
The role of leptin in innate and adaptive immune responses. (2006)

Leptin is produced primarily by adipocytes and functions in a feedback loop regulating body weight. Leptin deficiency results in severe obesity and a variety of endocrine abnormalities in animals and humans. Several studies indicated that leptin plays an important role in immune responses. It exerts protective anti-inflammatory effects in models of acute inflammation and during activation of innate immune responses. In contrast, leptin stimulates T lymphocyte responses, thus having rather a proinflammatory role in experimental models of autoimmune diseases. Clinical studies have so far yielded inconsistent results, suggesting a rather complex role for leptin in immune-mediated inflammatory conditions in humans.
A comparison of the way rural and urban populations handle stress in relation to mental health and illness (2015)

Human beings are faced throughout their lives with stresses which require a variety of coping skills.Researchers since Cannon (1932) and Selye (1936) have been interested in the relationship between stress and illness.Despite research dating back to the 1930's, the positive correlation between stress and mental illness has only recently been definitively established, and few, if any, studies exist which compare rural and urban differences in coping strategies as related to mental-illness and wellness behaviors.A recent study by Bell (1975) demonstrated that persons exhibiting mental-illness behaviors experienced more stressful life events in the previous six months than those persons exhibiting mental-wellness behaviors.Bell also demonstrated that persons exhibiting mental-illness behaviors used more short-term coping methods, as compared to persons exhibiting mental-wellness behaviors.Bell suggested that repetition of this design should be used to compare rural and urban populations.This study was a replication of Bell's (1975) study incorporating her suggestion for comparison of rural and urban populations.The purpose of this study was to compare rural and urban people's stress levels and methods of coping with stressful events in relation to mental illness.Both Bell's Coping Scale and the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale were used.Respondents included 30 patients in a mental health unit and a sample of 30 rural and urban people from urban centers and rural environs.The findings indicated that patients admitted to a mental health unit had a higher level of stress than the control group.The patients tended to use more short-term than long-term coping methods.There was no difference between rural and urban populations in their use of short-term or long-term coping methods.There was a significant difference between the higher stress scores of the urban patients as compared to the rural patients.
Tight junctions of the blood-brain barrier: development, composition and regulation. (2002)

1. The blood-brain barrier is essential for the maintenance and regulation of the neural microenvironment. The main characteristic features of blood-brain barrier endothelial cells are an extremely low rate of transcytotic vesicles and a restrictive paracellular diffusion barrier. 2. Endothelial blood-brain barrier tight junctions differ from epithelial tight junctions, not only by distinct morphological and molecular properties, but also by the fact that endothelial tight junctions are more sensitive to microenvironmental than epithelial factors. 3. Many ubiquitous molecular tight junction components have been identified and characterized including claudins, occludin, ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, cingulin and 7H6. Signaling pathways involved in tight junction regulation include G-proteins, serine-, threonine- and tyrosine-kinases, extra and intracellular calcium levels, cAMP levels, proteases and cytokines. Common to most of these pathways is the modulation of cytoskeletal elements and the connection of tight junction transmembrane molecules to the cytoskeleton. Additionally, crosstalk between components of the tight junction- and the cadherin-catenin system of the adherens junction suggests a close functional interdependence of the two cell-cell contact systems. 4. Important new molecular aspects of tight junction regulation were recently elucidated. This review provides an integration of these new results.
Virtual localization improved by scaling nonindividualized external-ear transfer functions in frequency (1999)

This study examined virtual sound localization in three conditions that differed according to the directional transfer functions (DTFs) that were used to synthesize the virtual targets. The own-ear and other-ear conditions used DTFs measured from listeners' own ears and those measured from other subjects, respectively. The scaled-ear condition employed other-ear DTFs that were scaled in frequency to minimize the mismatch between spectral features in the listener's and the other subject's DTFs. All measures of localization error typically were lowest in the own-ear condition. In other-ear conditions, all error measures tended to increase in proportion to the inter-subject differences in DTFs. When spectral features in an other-ear set of DTFs fell systematically lower in frequency than in a listener's own DTFs, low frontal targets typically were reported as low in the rear, and high rear targets were reported as high in front. When spectral features in a set of DTFs fell systematically higher in frequency than in a listener's own DTFs, elevation judgements showed an upward bias. In the scaled-ear condition, all measures of performance tended to improve relative to the other-ear condition. In the majority of cases, frequency scaling more than halved the penalty for use of another subject's DTFs.
A Model-Based Privacy Compliance Checker (2009)

Increasingly, e-business organisations are coming under pressure to be compliant to a range of privacy legislation, policies and best practice. There is a clear need for high-level management and administrators to be able to assess in a dynamic, customisable way the degree to which their enterprise complies with these. We outline a solution to this problem in the form of a model-driven automated privacy process analysis and configuration checking system. This system models privacy compliance constraints, automates the assessment of the extent to which a particular computing environment is compliant and generates dashboard-style reports that highlight policy failures. We have developed a prototype that provides this functionality in the context of governance audit; this includes the development of software agents to gather information on-the-fly regarding selected privacy enhancing technologies and other aspects of enterprise system configuration. This approach may also be tailored to enhance the assurance provided by existing governance tools.
Regulation of platelet myosin light chain (MYL9) by RUNX1: implications for thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction in RUNX1 haplodeficiency (2010)

Mutations in transcription factor RUNX1 are associated with familial platelet disorder, thrombocytopenia, and predisposition to leukemia. We have described a patient with thrombocytopenia and impaired agonist-induced platelet aggregation, secretion, and glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa activation, associated with a RUNX1 mutation. Platelet myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and transcript levels of its gene MYL9 were decreased. Myosin IIA and MLC phosphorylation are important in platelet responses to activation and regulate thrombopoiesis by a negative regulatory effect on premature proplatelet formation. We addressed the hypothesis that MYL9 is a transcriptional target of RUNX1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) using megakaryocytic cells revealed RUNX1 binding to MYL9 promoter region -729/-542 basepairs (bp), which contains 4 RUNX1 sites. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed RUNX1 binding to each site. In transient ChIP assay, mutation of these sites abolished binding of RUNX1 to MYL9 promoter construct. In reporter gene assays, deletion of each RUNX1 site reduced activity. MYL9 expression was inhibited by RUNX1 short interfering RNA (siRNA) and enhanced by RUNX1 overexpression. RUNX1 siRNA decreased cell spreading on collagen and fibrinogen. Our results constitute the first evidence that the MYL9 gene is a direct target of RUNX1 and provide a mechanism for decreased platelet MYL9 expression, MLC phosphorylation, thrombocytopenia, and platelet dysfunction associated with RUNX1 mutations.
Raman spectroscopy study of atherosclerosis in human carotid artery (2005)

Fourier-transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy has been used for identification and evaluation of human artherosclerotic lesions, providing biochemical information on arteries. In this work, fragments of human carotid arteries postmortem were analyzed using a FT-Raman spectrometer operating at an excitation wavelength of 1064 nm, power of 200 mW, and spectral resolution of 4 cm(-1). A total of 75 carotid fragments were spectroscopically scanned and FT-Raman results were compared with histopathology. Discriminant analysis using Mahalanobis distance was applied over principal components scores for tissue classification into three categories: nonatherosclerotic, atherosclerotic plaque without calcification and with calcification. Nonatherosclerotic artery, atherosclerotic plaque, and calcified plaque exhibit spectral signatures related to biochemicals presented in each tissue type, such as bands of collagen and elastin (proteins), cholesterol and its esters, and calcium hydroxyapatite and carbonate apatite, respectively. Spectra of nonatherosclerotic artery were then classified into two groups: normal and discrete diffuse thickening of the intima layer (first group) and moderate and intense diffuse thickening of the intima layer (second group). FT-Raman could identify and classify the tissues found in the atherosclerotic process in human carotid in vitro and had the ability to identify alterations to the diffuse thickening of the intima layer and classify it depending on the intensity of the thickening.
A robotic molecular method for in situ detection of marine invertebrate larvae (2007)

Knowledge of the temporal and spatial abundance of invertebrate larvae is critical to understanding the dispersal capabilities and recruitment potential of marine and aquatic organisms. Traditional microscopic analyses are time-consuming and difficult given the diversity of larval species and a frequent lack of discriminating morphological characteristics. Here, we describe a sensitive rRNA targeted sandwich hybridization assay (SHA) that uses oligonucleotide probes to detect and enumerate the larvae of invasive green crabs (Carcinus maenas), native blue mussels (Mytilus), native barnacles (Balanus) and polychaetes (Osedax and Ophelia) that occur in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, California. Laboratory-based assays demonstrate specificity, high sensitivity, and a quantitative response to cultured samples from three of the target organisms. Oligonucleotide probes were then printed in arrays on nitrocellulose membranes and deployed in our robotic Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) to detect larvae in situ and autonomously. We demonstrate that the SHA-detection method and ESP robot can be used for near real-time, in situ detection of larval species in the marine environment.