gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Cytogenetic Effects of Cannabinoids (1981)

The cytogenetic effects of subacute oral administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol, and placebo were assessed in 27 subjects in a prospective double-blind study. Both conventional chromosome aberration analysis and sister chromatid exchange were considered. A comparison group of 5 nondrug users was also investigated. The aneuploidy frequency decreased significantly following delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration. By contrast, the frequencies of chromosome aberrations increased slightly for all three drug groups and decreased in the placebo and comparison groups although none of the predrug versus postdrug comparisons were statistically significant. No increase in the sister chromatid exchange frequency was found in any of the groups when predrug versus postdrug comparisons were made. The present study is the fourth short term prospective investigation failing to demonstrate a statistically significant increase in chromosome damage due to cannabinoid usage. However, it must be kept in mind that to date only gross chromosomal aberrations have been identified so that the more subtle chromosomal as well as molecular genetic damage has not been ruled out.
Development and characterization of Ni‐NTA‐bearing microspheres (2002)

The microspheres described are well suited to selectively immobilize His-tagged proteins to analyze their interactions by flow cytometry. The affinity and kinetic stability of the interaction of His-tagged proteins with Ni-NTA are insufficient to use Ni-NTA microspheres in multiplexed analysis formats where different His-tagged proteins are bound to distinct microspheres. Improvements towards this end (improved chelators and/or improved affinity tags) are critical for extending the use of this method. We are currently working on novel chelators to strengthen the stability of immobilization of His-tagged proteins to surfaces. Such improvements would greatly enhance the analysis of interactions of immobilized His-tagged proteins and could make the development of microsphere-based arrays with His-tagged protein/antibody possible.
Control of on/off phenomenon by continuous intravenous infusion of levodopa (1984)

In 10 parkinsonian patients with severe, chaotic clinical response fluctuations, oral levodopa treatment was replaced by continuous intravenous infusion of levodopa (with orally administered benserazide). Four patients were also given levodopa infusions in addition to their usual oral treatment. All patients remained continuously mobile and ambulant during the infusions. Side effects were minimal, except in two patients with diphasic dyskinesias whose abnormal movements were consistently suppressed by a further increase in the rate of levodopa administration, only to return after an interval. If a soluble nonacidic dopamine replacement drug can be developed for continuous subcutaneous infusion, "brittle" parkinsonians may be chronically controlled by portable, minipump technology.
Surface Pattern Recognition by a Colloidal Particle (2000)

This paper's focus is on understanding how surface heterogeneity alters surface forces. An atomic force microscope was used to measure interactions between a 20 μm hydrophobic (−CH3) sphere and a patterned self-assembled monolayer surface of alkanethiols that consists of hydrophobic (−CH3) and hydrophilic (−COOH) stripes of controlled width from 0.27 to 2.9 μm. Of significance to this study is the ratio of the particle radius to the stripe size. This ratio varied from 3.5 to 37, as a heterogeneous patterning on a length scale much larger than the sphere cannot affect the force. The results demonstrate that hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions are not additive and the net interaction between these kind of surfaces depends on the relative size of hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites on the surface. Independent of whether the hydrophobic sphere is positioned on top of a hydrophobic or hydrophilic area, we measure repulsions, with the same strength and decay length of the electrostatic interaction. The magnitude of the heterogeneous energy is greatest when the patch size is smallest. Our results indicate that interactions, jump into contact distances and adhesion data, between a 20 μm methyl terminated sphere and a heterogeneous surface that has equal methyl and carboxylic acid areas will average. In all other cases, when the surface has unequal amounts of hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas, the hydrophobic sphere will clearly differentiate between the different patches and will accurately map high and low adhesion areas on the surface.
Ecotin Is a Potent Anticoagulant and Reversible Tight-Binding Inhibitor of Factor Xa (1994)

Ecotin, a serine protease inhibitor found in the periplasm of Escherichia coli, has been characterized as an extremely potent anticoagulant and reversible tight-binding inhibitor of human factor Xa (FXa). The ecotin gene was cloned by PCR, highly expressed in E. coli, and purified from the E. coli periplasm. The binding of ecotin to FXa was stoichiometric with an equilibrium dissociation constant Ki of 54 pM. The association rate constant was 1.35 x 10(6) M-1 s-1, and the dissociation rate constant, measured in the presence of human leukocyte elastase (HLE) to prevent reassociation of ecotin with FXa, was 6.5 x 10(-5) s-1. Ecotin prolonged clotting time ca. 10-fold at 0.3 microM and at 2 microM in activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time assays, respectively. Ecotin did not effectively inhibit the human plasma proteases thrombin, tissue factor.factor VIIa, factor XIa, activated protein C, plasmin, or tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA); however, it did potently inhibit factor XIIa, plasma kallikrein, HLE, and bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin. Coincubation of ecotin and FXa at 10 microM each resulted in a (ecotin)2.(FXa)2 complex as determined by gel filtration. Dimerization of ecotin alone was measured by fluorescence titration which yielded a Kd of ca. 390 nM. FXa cleaved ecotin slowly at pH 4.0 between M84 and M85. Replacement of the P1 Met84 residue with Arg and Lys led to FXa inhibitors with Ki values of 11 and 21 pM, respectively. The P1 Arg and Lys mutants also significantly inhibited thrombin, factor XIa, activated protein C, plasmin, factor XIIa, kallikrein, and bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin but did not inhibit tissue factor.factor VIIa, t-PA, or HLE.
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (2007)

Session 8 of the 2005 Society of Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop was devoted to anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Most cases submitted were anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)+ ALCL highlighting unusual clinical settings, histologic variants, and variant translocation partners. Cases submitted as ALK- ALCL emphasized the immunohistochemical overlap with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (eg, CD15+/CD30+). It was also clear that consensus histologic and immunohistochemical criteria for the diagnosis of ALK-ALCL are lacking. Many expressed the opinion that ALK-ALCL is not a distinct entity at the immunophenotypic or genetic level and is better designated as peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), unspecified. Others suggested that the histologic features of ALK-ALCL are distinctive nevertheless and that this diagnosis has meaning that is lost by designating these neoplasms as PTCL, unspecified. This session also included CD30+ anaplastic lymphomas involving skin in which the differential diagnosis included cutaneous ALCL and systemic ALK-ALCL.
VLSI Decoder Architecture for High Throughput, Variable Block-size and Multi-rate LDPC Codes (2007)

A low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder architecture that supports variable block sizes and multiple code rates is presented. The proposed architecture is based on the structured quasi-cyclic (QC-LDPC) codes whose performance compares favorably with that of randomly constructed LDPC codes for short to moderate block sizes. The main contribution of this work is to address the variable block-size and multi-rate decoder hardware complexity that stems from the irregular LDPC codes. The overall decoder, which was synthesized, placed and routed on TSMC 0.13-micron CMOS technology with a core area of 4.5 square millimeters, supports variable code lengths from 360 to 4200 bits and multiple code rates between frac14 and 9/10. The average throughput can achieve 1 Gbps at 2.2 dB SNR.
Internal Friction in Solids III. Experimental Demonstration of Thermoelastic Internal Friction (1938)

In order to demonstrate the presence of thermoelastic internal friction, the authors measured the internal friction of a copper reed over a wide frequency range (50 to 4000 cycles/sec.). They obtained a maximum precisely at the predicted frequency. The observed variation of internal friction with frequency proves that, over a wide frequency range, the internal friction due to the flow of heat back and forth across a reed is of a larger order of magnitude than that due to all other causes. Independent experiments of Bennewitz and R\"otger on wires of silver, aluminum, brass, steel, and glass are shown to furnish an equally striking demonstration of thermoelastic internal friction.
Microwave Horns and Feeds (1994)

This book is devoted to describing the theory, design, performance and application of microwave horns and feeds for reflector. The first general treatment of feeds for reflector antennas, it describes design principles and methods of analysis.
Growth by a vapour–liquid–solid mechanism: a new approach for silicon carbide epitaxy (2004)

Growing silicon carbide monocrystalline layers at low temperatures (<1400 °C) is a challenging problem that requires the development of less conventional epitaxial techniques. Growth from Al-based melts is an interesting alternative that can lead to a more than 300 °C temperature reduction compared to that used in the more classical chemical vapour deposition technique. Liquid phase epitaxy under a thermal gradient is often used but this approach has some drawbacks such as the difficulty in controlling the thermal gradient or the presence of the liquid on the seed at the end of the growth. A solution could come from a vapour–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism in which a Si-based melt is fed by an alkane to form SiC on an immersed seed. The growth is then easily controlled by the alkane flux and the liquid can be eliminated in situ by simply sucking it up. We present in this paper a review on the use of the VLS mechanism for growing SiC at low temperatures. Results of the effect of several metal additives (Al, Ni, Fe and Co) to the melt are shown. These metals incorporate into the lattice and can give specific properties to SiC, such as heavily p-type doping with Al or semi-magnetic properties with Ni, Fe or Co. The VLS technique is shown to be very versatile as it can be applied to selective epitaxial growth of SiC. Finally, perspectives of the VLS technique for solving related problems touching SiC or for growing other semiconductor compounds are given.
AutoLag: Automatic Discovery of Lag Correlations in Stream Data (2005)

We have introduced the problem of automatic lag correlation detection on streaming data and proposed AutoLag to address this problem by using careful approximations and smoothing. Our experiments on real and realistic data show that AutoLag works as expected, estimating the unknown lags with excellent accuracy and significant speed-up. In our experiments on real and realistic data, AutoLag was up to about 42,000 times faster than the naive implementation, with at most 1% relative error.
Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Using a Combination of Liposomal Irinotecan (Irinophore C™) and 5-Fluorouracil (2013)

Single agent IrC™ was well tolerated and has significant therapeutic potential. IrC™ may be a suitable replacement for IRI treatment, but its use with free 5-FU is complicated by IrC™-engendered changes in 5-FU pharmacokinetics/biodistribution which are associated with increased toxicity when using the combination.
Therapeutic targeting of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells (2017)

For more than 50 years, investigators have considered a malignant stem cell as the potential origin of and a key therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other forms of cancer.<sup>1-4</sup> The nature and existence of tumor-initiating cells for leukemia and other malignancies have long been the subject of intense and rigorous study; indeed, the promise of the potential to eradicate such cells is clear. However, until recently, deficiencies in our understanding of the nature of these cell populations, coupled with a limited ability to therapeutically exploit their weaknesses, have been limiting factors in realizing the goal of targeting leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Exciting new insights into the fundamental underpinnings of LSCs are now being made in an era in which drug development pipelines offer the potential to specifically target pathways of significance. Therefore, the focus in this new era, characterized by the confluence of understanding LSCs and the ability to target them, is shifting from "if it can be done" to "how it will be done." Moving from a theoretical stage to this hopeful era of possibilities, new challenges expectedly arise, and our focus now must shift to determining the best strategy by which to target LSCs, with their well-documented heterogeneity and readily evident intra- and interpatient variability. The purpose of this review is therefore both to summarize the key scientific findings pertinent to AML LSC targeting and to consider methods of clinical evaluation that will be most effective for identifying successful LSC-directed therapies.
Residues Tyr253 and Glu255 in Strand 3 of β-Sheet C of Antithrombin Are Key Determinants of an Exosite Made Accessible by Heparin Activation to Promote Rapid Inhibition of Factors Xa and IXa (2006)

We previously showed that conformational activation of the anticoagulant serpin, antithrombin, by heparin generates new exosites in strand 3 of beta-sheet C, which promote the reaction of the inhibitor with the target proteases, factor Xa and factor IXa. To determine which residues comprise the exosites, we mutated strand 3C residues that are conserved in all vertebrate antithrombins. Combined mutations of the three conserved surface-accessible residues, Tyr253,Glu255, and Lys257, or of just Tyr253 and Glu255, but not any of these residues alone, was sufficient to reproduce the exosite defects of a strand 3C antithrombin-alpha1-proteinase inhibitor chimera in reactions of the heparin-activated variants with both factor Xa and factor IXa. Importantly, the exosite-defective antithrombins bound heparin with nearly wild-type affinities, and the heparin-activated mutants showed near normal reactivities with thrombin, a protease that does not utilize the exosite. Mutation of the conserved but partially buried strand 3C residue, Gln254, the reactive loop P6' residue, Arg399, which interacts with Glu255, or a residue proposed to constitute the exosite from modeling studies, Glu237, all produced minimal effects on antithrombin reactivity with thrombin, factor Xa, and factor IXa in the absence or presence of heparin. Together, these results indicate that Tyr253 and Glu255 are key exosite determinants responsible for promoting the reactions of conformationally activated antithrombin with both factor Xa and factor IXa.
Study on the 3D Interpolation Models Used in Color Conversion (2012)

To find a better model in color conversion, different 3D interpolation models are evaluated, and the reason is analyzed. Firstly, the main principle of 3D look-up-table that interpolation technique based on is introduced; and then the geometric structure and expression of four different interpolation models-trilinear, tetrahedron, pyramid, prism-are analyzed; at last the precision of these four algorithms is tested by calibrating a Toshiba LCD monitor. In the experiment the test shows that all 3D interpolation methods get better calibration result than regression method and BP network; and among the four interpolation methods, prism and pyramid models get smaller average errors and take up less calibration time, while prism and trilinear models have better error distribution than others, thereby the best calibration model is prism interpolation by evaluating synthetically, which indicates that this method may be the firstly-selected of color conversion.
Towards a Trust-Based Model for Administration of Mailing Lists (2008)

Today, e-mail is one of the most popular communication facilities. E-mail list service (ELS) is a useful facility for scientific, commercial and social user groups. The main concern about ELS is how to manage and control the access of different users. To secure ELS by using security protocols and encryption/decryption mechanisms as well as user authentication, the computational overhead of servers will increase considerably. In addition, these methods do not offer adequate mechanism for entrance and subscription of users. In this paper we propose a trust-based scheme for managing users and controlling their access, with a minimum overhead on server. This scheme also manages the behaviour of users dynamically and establishes a two way connection between them.
Variable-region sequence homologies of human kappa-chains with idiotypic serologic similarities. (1988)

An antibody to the V-region of a kappa I light chain has been used to detect other human kappa-chains with similar idiotypic specificities that appear to be related to complementarity-determining regions (CDR). Four such proteins, three of which react with this antibody, have been sequenced. While the proteins show relatively strong sequence similarities in their CDR2 regions, the relatively high degree of homology in a localized segment of the V-region of lambda-chains detected by this method was not observed here.
Significance of Prohormone Convertase 2, PC2, Mediated Initial Cleavage at the Proglucagon Interdomain Site, Lys70-Arg71, to Generate Glucagon (2004)

To define the biological significance of the initial cleavage at the proglucagon (PG) interdomain site, K70-R71 downward arrow, we created two interdomain mutants, K70Q-R71Q and R71A. Cotransfection studies in GH4C1 cells show significant amounts of glucagon production by PC2 along with some glicentin, glicentin-related polypeptide-glucagon (GRPP-glucagon) and oxyntomodulin from wild-type PG. In contrast, a larger peptide, PG 33-158, and low amounts of GRPP-glucagon are predominantly generated from interdomain mutants. HPLC analysis shows a 5-fold increase in glucagon production by PC2 from wild-type PG and a corresponding 4-fold lower accumulation and secretion of unprocessed precursor relative to interdomain mutants. PC2 generates significant levels of glucagon from a glicentin (PG 1-69) expression plasmid, whereas PC1/3 produces only modest amounts of oxyntomodulin. Employing a major PG fragment (PG 72-158) expression plasmid, we show that PC1/3 predominantly generates glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, whereas PC2 produces only N-terminally extended GLP-1. Surprisingly, production of GLP-1 and GLP-2 by PC1/3 from interdomain mutants, compared with wild-type PG, is not significantly impaired. In addition to PC2 and PC1/3, PC5/6A and furin are also able to cleave the sites, K70-R71 downward arrow and R107-X-R-R110 downward arrow in PG. We show a much greater ability of furin to cleave the monobasic site, R77 downward arrow, than at the dibasic site, R124-R125 downward arrow, which is also weakly processed by PC5/6A, indicating overlapping specificities of these two convertases mainly with PC1/3. We propose here a trimer-like model of the spatial organization of the hormonal sequences within the PG molecule in which the accessibility to prohormone convertase action of most cleavage sites is restricted with the exception of the interdomain site, K70-R71, which is maximally accessible.
Characterization of albumin-binding properties of Peptostreptococcus magnus (1989)

A Peptostreptococcus magnus strain demonstrated binding activity for albumin preparations from humans, mice, and dogs, but not for rabbit or bovine albumin. The albumin binding site appeared to be heat stable and of protein nature. Treatment of P. magnus cells with trypsin under specified conditions enhanced this albumin binding. Electron micrographs and kinetic analyses revealed that this enhancement was the result of the removal of some cell wall associated proteins leading to a higher binding affinity without significant changes in binding site numbers. The albumin-binding proteins could be readily solubilized and purified by affinity chromatography. Upon gel electrophoresis the molecular mass of the albumin-binding proteins was estimated as 130 kilodaltons.
Antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization types, action, and resistance (2007)

The new title examines the various chemical and physical antisepsis, disinfection, and sterilization methods used for infection prevention and contamination control. Targeting microbiologists, chemists, facilities managers, health care professionals, infection and contamination control practitioners, application engineers, and students, Antisepsis, Disinfection, and Sterilization is a valuable reference written by an acknowledged expert working in the field.
The book provides descriptive background material covering the applications and various chemical and physical processes used for microbial control. An array of biocides is described, and the variables affecting their safe and effective use are detailed. The advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and correct applications of biocides and biocidal processes are discussed as well.
The mechanisms of biocidal action on microorganisms are investigated, including an examination of the less-studied intrinsic and acquired mechanisms of resistance in viruses, prions, protozoa, and fungi. Further considerations are given to the mechanisms on intrinsic and acquired resistance to biocides and biocidal processes, including cross-resistance to antibiotics in bacteria and novel mechanisms in extremophiles.
Digital Only, 361 pages, illustrations, index.
Optimized signal peptides for the development of high expressing CHO cell lines (2012)

Recombinant biotherapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies are mostly produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and pharmaceutical companies are interested in an appropriate platform technology for the development of large-scale production processes. A major aim of our study was therefore to improve the secretion efficiency of a recombinant biotherapeutic antibody by optimizing signal peptides. Reporter molecules such as gaussia and vargula luciferase or secreted alkaline phosphatase are frequently used to this end. In striking contrast, we used a biotherapeutic antibody that was fused to 16 different signal peptides during our study. In this way, the secretion efficiency of the recombinant antibody has been analyzed by transient expression experiments in CHO cell lines. Compared to the control signal peptide, it was not possible to achieve higher efficiencies with signal peptides derived from a variety of species or even natural immunoglobulin G signal peptides. The best results were obtained with natural signal peptides derived from human albumin and human azurocidin. These results were confirmed by fed-batch experiments with stably transfected cell pools, in which cell-specific productivities up to 90 pg cell(-1) day(-1) and product concentrations up to 4 g L(-1) could be determined using the albumin signal peptide. Finally, the applicability of the identified signal peptides for both different antibodies and non-antibody products was demonstrated by transient expression experiments. In conclusion, it was found that signal peptides derived from human albumin and human azurocidin are most appropriate to generate cell lines with clearly improved production rates suitable for commercial purposes in a product-independent manner.