gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid and Sustainable Detoxication of Airborne Pollutants by Broccoli Sprout Beverage: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial in China (2014)

Broccoli sprouts are a convenient and rich source of the glucosinolate, glucoraphanin, which can generate the chemopreventive agent, sulforaphane, an inducer of glutathione S-transferases (GST) and other cytoprotective enzymes. A broccoli sprout-derived beverage providing daily doses of 600 μmol glucoraphanin and 40 μmol sulforaphane was evaluated for magnitude and duration of pharmacodynamic action in a 12-week randomized clinical trial. Two hundred and ninety-one study participants were recruited from the rural He-He Township, Qidong, in the Yangtze River delta region of China, an area characterized by exposures to substantial levels of airborne pollutants. Exposure to air pollution has been associated with lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases. Urinary excretion of the mercapturic acids of the pollutants, benzene, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde, were measured before and during the intervention using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid and sustained, statistically significant (P ≤ 0.01) increases in the levels of excretion of the glutathione-derived conjugates of benzene (61%), acrolein (23%), but not crotonaldehyde, were found in those receiving broccoli sprout beverage compared with placebo. Excretion of the benzene-derived mercapturic acid was higher in participants who were GSTT1-positive than in the null genotype, irrespective of study arm assignment. Measures of sulforaphane metabolites in urine indicated that bioavailability did not decline over the 12-week daily dosing period. Thus, intervention with broccoli sprouts enhances the detoxication of some airborne pollutants and may provide a frugal means to attenuate their associated long-term health risks.
Altered Expression of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 2C in 293 Cells Affects Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activation (1995)

PTP2C, an SH2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase, is recruited to the growth factor receptors upon stimulation of cells. To investigate its role in growth factor signaling, we have overexpressed by approximately 6-fold the native PTP2C and a catalytically inactive mutant of the enzyme in 293 human embryonic kidney cells. The native PTP2C was located entirely in the cytosol, while the inactive mutant was nearly equally distributed in cytsolic and membrane fractions. Expression of the latter caused hyperphosphorylation on tyrosine of a 43-kDa protein, which was coimmunoprecipitated and co-partitioned in the plasma membrane fraction with the inactive PTP2C mutant. This protein may represent a physiological substrate of PTP2C. Overexpression of the native PTP2C enhanced epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity by 30%, whereas expression of the inactive mutant reduced the stimulated activity by 50%. Similar effects were observed for the activation of MAP kinase as determined by activity assay, gel mobility shift, and tyrosine phosphorylation. The data suggest that the phosphatase activity of PTP2C is partly required for MAP kinase activation by EGF and that PTP2C may function by dephosphorylating the 43-kDa membrane protein.
Sequence‐based typing of HLA class II DQB1 (2000)

Due to the expanding number of known HLA class II DQB1 alleles, high-resolution oligotyping is becoming ineffective, therefore a sequence-based typing (SBT) strategy was developed to provide rapid and definitive typing of HLA-DQB1. HLA-DQB1*02, *03, *04, *05, and *06 alleles were individually amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using exon 2 group-specific primers. Forward and reverse PCR primers were tailed with M13 universal and M13 reverse sequences, respectively. Subsequent bi-directional cycle-sequencing was carried out using Cy5.5-labeled M13 universal primer and Cy5.0-labeled M13 reverse primer. Automated sequencing was performed in 30 min using a Visible Genetics, Inc. (VGI) MicroGene Clipper Sequencer. Full concordance was observed between this SBT method and oligotyping among 151 individuals.
Increased CSF E-Selectin in Clinical Alzheimer’s Disease without Altered CSF A β 42 and Tau (2015)

Clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically heterogeneous. In this multicenter cohort of 215 clinically diagnosed AD patients and 249 controls, E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VACM-1) were measured along with amyloid-β peptide 1-42 (Aβ42) and tau. We discovered that E-selectin, a biomarker of endothelial function/vascular injury, was inversely correlated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau/Aβ42 ratio and significantly elevated in clinical AD patients without the typical AD CSF biomarker signature (i.e., low tau/Aβ42 ratio) compared to those with the signature. These findings suggest that E-selectin may be an objective biomarker related to vascular mechanisms contributing to dementia.
Differential Enzyme Flexibility Probed Using Solid-State Nanopores (2018)

Enzymes and motor proteins are dynamic macromolecules that coexist in a number of conformations of similar energies. Protein function is usually accompanied by a change in structure and flexibility, often induced upon binding to ligands. However, while measuring protein flexibility changes between active and resting states is of therapeutic significance, it remains a challenge. Recently, our group has demonstrated that breadth of signal amplitudes in measured electrical signatures as an ensemble of individual protein molecules is driven through solid-state nanopores and correlates with protein conformational dynamics. Here, we extend our study to resolve subtle flexibility variation in dihydrofolate reductase mutants from unlabeled single molecules in solution. We first demonstrate using a canonical protein system, adenylate kinase, that both size and flexibility changes can be observed upon binding to a substrate that locks the protein in a closed conformation. Next, we investigate the influence of voltage bias and pore geometry on the measured electrical pulse statistics during protein transport. Finally, using the optimal experimental conditions, we systematically study a series of wild-type and mutant dihydrofolate reductase proteins, finding a good correlation between nanopore-measured protein conformational dynamics and equilibrium bulk fluorescence probe measurements. Our results unequivocally demonstrate that nanopore-based measurements reliably probe conformational diversity in native protein ensembles.
Final height in boys with untreated constitutional delay in growth and puberty. (1990)

To determine the natural history and psychological impact of the growth pattern in boys with constitutional delay in growth and puberty (CDGP), 43 boys presenting with short stature due to CDGP were followed up to final height. At presentation mean (SD) chronological age was 14.0 (1.9) years, bone age delay 2.7 (1.0) years, standing height standard deviation score (SDS) -3.4 (0.6), and predicted adult height SDS -1.3 (0.7). Final adult height SDS was -1.6 (0.9), measured at 21.2 (2.6) years. There was no significant difference between final height and predicted adult height, but there was a significant difference between final height and measured mid-parental height. Psychological questionnaires showed no significant difference in self esteem, marital, or employment state between the CDGP group and a control group. There was no correlation between self esteem and final height, but 25 felt their growth delay had affected their success either at school, work, or socially and 20 would rather have had treatment to advance their growth spurt. This study supports the more frequent use of active medical treatment to advance growth in boys with CDGP, and shows that although boys with CDGP reach their predicted heights, this is short for their families.
Metabolic Implications of Body Fat Distribution (1991)

Insulin resistance is the cornerstone for the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Free fatty acids (FFAs) cause insulin resistance in muscle and liver and increase hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipoprotein production and perhaps decrease hepatic clearance of insulin. It is suggested that the depressing effect of insulin on circulating FFA concentration is dependent on the fraction derived from visceral adipocytes, which have a low responsiveness to the antilipolytic effect of insulin. Elevated secretion of cortisol and/or testosterone induces insulin resistance in muscle. This also seems to be the case for low testosterone concentrations in men. In addition, cortisol increases hepatic gluconeogenesis. Cortisol and testosterone have "permissive" effect on adipose lipolysis and therefore amplify lipolytic stimulation; FFA, cortisol, and testosterone thus have powerful combined effects, resulting in insulin resistance and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. All these factors promoting insulin resistance are active in abdominal visceral obesity, which is closely associated with insulin resistance, NIDDM, and the "metabolic syndrome." In addition, the endocrine aberrations may provide a cause for visceral fat accumulation, probably due to regional differences in steroid-hormone-receptor density. In addition to the increased activity along the adrenocorticosteroid axis, there also seem to be signs of increased activity from the central sympathetic nervous system. These are the established endocrine consequences of hypothalamic arousal in the defeat and defense reactions. There is some evidence that suggests an increased prevalence of psychosocial stress factors is associated with visceral distribution of body fat. Therefore, it is hypothesized that such factors might provide a background not only to a defense reaction and primary hypertension, suggested previously, but also to a defeat reaction, which contributes to an endocrine aberration leading to metabolic aberrations and visceral fat accumulation, which in turn leads to disease.
Vandermonde-Lagrange mutually orthogonal flexible transceivers for blind CDMA in unknown multipath (2003)

A mutually-orthogonal usercode-receiver (AMOUR) system was previously proposed to guarantee identifiability of transmitted symbols irrespective of channel nulls in addition to offering deterministic multiuser interference (MUI) elimination and low complexity transceivers. Motivated by the desire to equip the AMOUR with added flexibility, we develop in this paper a Vandermonde-Lagrange AMOUR system that achieves the same MUI eliminating property and offers additional advantages in the code assignment procedure. We also derive blind adaptive equalizers within the VL-AMOUR framework and illustrate via simulations that they perform very close to the theoretical bound derived with perfect channel information.
Spectroscopic Determination of Metals in Palm Oils from Different Stages of the Technological Process (2013)

Magnesium, calcium, copper, iron, and lead in palm oils ( Elaeis guineensis ) at various stages of the refining process were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave digestion. The mean concentrations of Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Pb in the studied palm oils varied from 20.7 to 7090.1 μg kg(-1), from 193.9 to 8077.9 μg kg(-1), from 29.7 to 463.0 μg kg(-1), from 115.2 to 415.9 μg kg(-1), and from 1.7 to 16.0 μg kg(-1), respectively, which are below the Polish legal requirements. The comparable precisions for the proposed ICP-MS (RSD = 0.81-5.99%) and standard GFAAS (RSD = 1.18-5.26%) methods demonstrate the benefit of the ICP-MS method in the routine analysis of metal ions in palm oils. There are significant, positive correlations between Ca and Mg, between Ca and Cu, between Fe and Pb, between Cu and Fe, between Cu and Mg, and between Cu and Pb in palm oils determined by two analytical methods (r = 0.8798-0.9817, p < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used for discrimination of the quality of the analyzed palm oils based on main and trace metal contents determined by the proposed ICP-MS and the standard GFAAS methods. Two main groups were identified by HCA, whereas the classification and characterization of the studied palm oils within each of groups on the basis of metal ions amounts were obtained from PCA. The chemometric analyses demonstrated that crude palm oil had the highest level of the determined metals concentrations. Also, the analyzed metals in palm oils from different steps of the refining process were grouped using HCA to assess the effectiveness of technological processes for their removal.
Extremely Thermophilic Routes to Microbial Electrofuels (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTExtremely Thermophilic Routes to Microbial ElectrofuelsAaron S. Hawkins†, Yejun Han†, Hong Lian†, Andrew J. Loder†, Angeli L. Menon‡, Ifeyinwa J. Iwuchukwu‡, Matthew Keller‡, Therese T. Leuko‡, Michael W.W. Adams‡, and Robert M. Kelly*†View Author Information† Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States‡ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United StatesPhone: (919) 515-6396. Fax: (919) 515-3465. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Catal. 2011, 1, 9, 1043–1050Publication Date (Web):August 1, 2011Publication History Received7 June 2011Published online8 August 2011Published inissue 2 September 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cs2003017https://doi.org/10.1021/cs2003017editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2851Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Bacteria,Genetics,Hydrogen,Oxides,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Stimuli-responsive polymer hydrogels as a new class of draw agent for forward osmosis desalination (2011)

Ionic polymer hydrogels with thermal responsive units are found to induce higher water permeation rates in the osmosis process, and higher water release rates under a combination of pressure and thermal stimuli. These hydrogels have the potential for use as draw agent in forward osmosis desalination.
Integration of interactive biomedical image data visualisation to Internet-based Personal Health Records for handheld devices (2009)

Modern medical practice gives rise to a significant volume of electronic data, and numerous online personal health record (PHR) banking services have emerged to satisfy the growing demand for self-management of this data. These services provide interoperable, centralized repositories that collect this data and make it ubiquitously accessible to patients, providers and referring practitioners by means of a variety of Internet-capable handheld devices. However, these Web-based PHRs currently offer very limited or no support for medical imagery. This is primarily attributed to the security concerns, heterogeneity in the data standards of medical images, and compatibility issues among target platforms. With ever increasing reliance on medical imaging data, the accessibility and interactive visualisation of said data are now becoming a fundamental requirement in PHRs. The aim of our study is to make biomedical image data available for use with handheld devices by means of such web-based PHR, so as to increase patients' access to their image data, and facilitate practitioner collaboration and review, without reducing the mobility that characterises these records. Our proposed system consists of a Web-based interface for the review of nuclear medicine imaging, in particular, dual-modality PET/CT images, on handheld devices, which is embedded within an online PHR, as well as a switchboard dispatch system that allows an archival image server (i.e., hospital information system) to respond securely to interactive visualisation requests made over the Internet. Our support for the complex and large data of dual-modal imaging ensures our work supports the latest in biomedical imaging standards. A key aspect of Internet-based systems is the importance of patient privacy and security issues. Our system uses industry-standard encryption and a remote-service architecture to address the perceived security limitations of PHR systems, and takes advantage of the same Web standards as the PHRs themselves to deliver a consistent user experience across all target platforms. Our experimental results suggest that by enabling PHRs to propagate medical image data to Internet capable devices, our system can potentially improve the utility of health record banking.
The effects of nucleoside analogs on telomerase and telomeres inTetrahymena (1994)

The ribonucleoprotein enzyme telomerase is a specialized type of cellular reverse transcriptase which synthesizes one strand of telomeric DNA, using as the template a sequence in the RNA moiety of telomerase. We analyzed the effects of various nucleoside analogs, known to be chain-terminating inhibitors of retroviral reverse transcriptases, on Tetrahymena thermophila telomerase activity in vitro. We also analyzed the effects of such analogs on telomere length and maintenance in vivo, and on vegetative growth and mating of Tetrahymena cells. Arabinofuranyl-guanosine triphosphate (Ara-GTP) and ddGTP both efficiently inhibited telomerase activity in vitro, while azidothymidine triphosphate (AZT-TP), dideoxyinosine triphosphate (ddITP) or ddTTP were less efficient inhibitors. All of these nucleoside triphosphate analogs, however, produced analog-specific alterations of the normal banding patterns seen upon gel electrophoresis of the synthesis products of telomerase, suggesting that their chain terminating and/or competitive actions differ at different positions along the RNA template. The analogs AZT, 3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine (d4T) and Ara-G in nucleoside form caused consistent and rapid telomere shortening in vegetatively growing Tetrahymena. In contrast, ddG or ddI had no effect on telomere length or cell growth rates. AZT caused growth rates and viability to decrease in a fraction of cells, while Ara-G had no such effects even after several weeks in culture. Neither AZT, Ara-G, acycloguanosine (Acyclo-G), ddG nor ddI had any detectable effect on cell mating, as assayed by quantitation of the efficiency of formation of progeny from mated cells. However, AZT decreased the efficiency of programmed de novo telomere addition during macronuclear development in mating cells.
Chemogenomic identification of Ref-1/AP-1 as a therapeutic target for asthma (2003)

Asthma is characterized by an oxidantantioxidant imbalance in the lungs leading to activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), and activator protein-1 (AP-1). To develop therapeutic strategies for asthma, we used a chemogenomics approach to screen for small molecule inhibitor(s) of AP-1 transcription. We developed a beta-strand mimetic template that acts as a reversible inhibitor (pseudosubstrate) of redox proteins. This template incorporates an enedione moiety to trap reactive cysteine nucleophiles in the active sites of redox proteins. Specificity for individual redox factors was achieved through variations in X and Y functionality by using a combinatorial library approach. A limited array (2 x 6) was constructed where X was either NHCH(3) or NHCH(2) Ph and Y was methyl, phenyl, m-cyanophenyl, m-nitrophenyl, m-acetylaniline, or m-methylbenzoate. These analogs were evaluated for their ability to inhibit transcription in transiently transfected human lung epithelial A549 cells from either an AP-1 or NF-kappaB reporter. A small-molecule inhibitor, PNRI-299, was identified that selectively inhibited AP-1 transcription (IC(50) of 20 microM) without affecting NF-kappaB transcription (up to 200 microM) or thioredoxin (up to 200 microM). The molecular target of PNRI-299 was determined to be the oxidoreductase, redox effector factor-1 by an affinity chromatography approach. The selective redox effector factor-1 inhibitor, PNRI-299, significantly reduced airway eosinophil infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, edema, and IL-4 levels in a mouse asthma model. These data validate AP-1 as an important therapeutic target in allergic airway inflammation.
An all atom force field for simulations of proteins and nucleic acids (1986)

Abstract We present an all atom potential energy function for the simulation of proteins and nucleic acids. This work is an extension of the CH united atom function recently presented by S.J. Weiner et al. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. , 106 , 765 (1984). The parameters of our function are based on calculations on ethane, propane, n −butane, dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, imidazole, indole, deoxyadenosine, base paired dinucleoside phosphates, adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine, thymine, insulin, and myoglobin. We have also used these parameters to carry out the first general vibrational analysis of all five nucleic acid bases with a molecular mechanics potential approach.
Augmentation of pulmonary host defense against Pseudomonas by FcγRIIA cDNA transfer to the respiratory epithelium (1999)

Fcgamma receptors on the surface of phagocytic cells bind the Fc region of IgG and mediate binding, phagocytosis, and destruction of particulate antigens opsonized by the antigen-specific IgG molecule. The present study evaluates the feasibility of converting lung epithelial cells into phagocytic cells using adenovirus (Ad) vector-mediated gene transfer of FcgammaRIIA cDNA to induce expression of the human FcgammaRIIA receptor. Binding and phagocytosis of opsonized sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) by the A549 human lung epithelial cell line after Ad-mediated FcgammaRIIA gene transfer was demonstrated using light and fluorescence microscopy and phagocytic assays with (51)Cr-labeled SRBCs. When A549 cells were infected with an Ad vector expressing a FcgammaRIIA mutant in which 2 of 3 cytoplasmic tyrosines have been replaced with phenylalanine, only binding, but not phagocytosis, of opsonized SRBCs was observed. In vivo expression of FcgammaRIIA in the lung after intratracheal administration of the AdFcgammaRIIA enhanced clearance of opsonized Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the lung in normal rats and in mice deficient in Fcgamma receptor expression. Similar results were observed with a chimeric FcgammaRIIA construct containing the extracellular domain of FcgammaRIIIA. Together, these data demonstrate that Ad-mediated FcgammaRIIA receptor cDNA expression can mediate the binding and phagocytosis of opsonized particulate antigens by normally nonphagocytic cells, suggesting that gene-transfer strategies might be used to utilize nonphagocytic cells to clear bacteria or other opsonized particulate antigens from the respiratory tract.
Fibrin glue and hemostasis in liver trauma: a case report. (1990)

We have used fibrin glue to control non-arterial hemorrhage from major liver lacerations in two patients with excellent results. It is an ideal biologic hemostatic agent. Fibrin glue uses none of the body's intrinsic clotting factors and can be prepared from commonly available products in minutes.