gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Bandwidth for High Efficiency Thermoelectrics (2011)

The thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) in narrow conduction bands of different material dimensionalities is investigated for different carrier scattering models. When the bandwidth is zero, the transport distribution function (TDF) is finite, not infinite as previously speculated by Mahan and Sofo [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 7436 (1996)], even though the carrier density of states goes to infinity. Such a finite TDF results in a zero electrical conductivity and thus a zero ZT. We point out that the optimal ZT cannot be found in an extremely narrow conduction band. The existence of an optimal bandwidth for a maximal ZT depends strongly on the scattering models and the dimensionality of the material. A nonzero optimal bandwidth for maximizing ZT also depends on the lattice thermal conductivity. A larger maximum ZT can be obtained for materials with a smaller lattice thermal conductivity.
Seasonal and spatial distribution of some benthic Protozoa in an eutrophic freshwater lake of Central Himalaya (1996)

The species composition, population density and diversity of benthic Protozoa in the littoral zone of Lake Naini Tal during 1993 -1994 are described both seasonally and spatially. Ciliates were dominant protozoans in terms of abundance. Most common were Branchioecetes sp. Penard, Bursaridium sp . Lauterborn, Paramecium multimicronucleatum Power and Mitchell, P. aurelia Ehrenberg, P. caudatum Ehrenberg, Spirostomum minus Raux and S. teres Claparede and Lachmann. Protozoans were the most abundant in winter and summer. Both the peaks were preceded by phytoplanktonic peaks in the lake. Spatially, the maximum concentration of Protozoa was found at a site, influenced by pollution.
US display industry on the edge (1995)

When an entire system can be built on the periphery of a flat-panel display, a nation's ability to manufacture those displays becomes vital to the survival of its industries. The author discusses the state of the market for this technology and emphasises the US's position in relation to the rest of the world, in particular, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Europe. The problems facing the flat panel display industry in the US are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS): efficient microfluidic cell sorting based on enzymatic activity (2009)

We describe a highly efficient microfluidic fluorescence-activated droplet sorter (FADS) combining many of the advantages of microtitre-plate screening and traditional fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Single cells are compartmentalized in emulsion droplets, which can be sorted using dielectrophoresis in a fluorescence-activated manner (as in FACS) at rates up to 2000 droplets s(-1). To validate the system, mixtures of E. coli cells, expressing either the reporter enzyme beta-galactosidase or an inactive variant, were compartmentalized with a fluorogenic substrate and sorted at rates of approximately 300 droplets s(-1). The false positive error rate of the sorter at this throughput was <1 in 10(4) droplets. Analysis of the sorted cells revealed that the primary limit to enrichment was the co-encapsulation of E. coli cells, not sorting errors: a theoretical model based on the Poisson distribution accurately predicted the observed enrichment values using the starting cell density (cells per droplet) and the ratio of active to inactive cells. When the cells were encapsulated at low density ( approximately 1 cell for every 50 droplets), sorting was very efficient and all of the recovered cells were the active strain. In addition, single active droplets were sorted and cells were successfully recovered.
Optical amplification and lasing by stimulated Raman scattering in silicon waveguides (2006)

Achieving light amplification and lasing in silicon is one of most challenging goals in silicon-based optoelectronics. As a nonlinear optical effect, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) provides a means to generate optical gain in silicon. Recent results of a nonlinear optics approach to optical amplification and lasing in silicon at the Photonics Technology Laboratory of Intel Corporation are reviewed. This paper starts with the description of the underlying physics related to the Raman scattering in silicon and experimental results of SRS in silicon waveguides. Then, it is shown that nonlinear optical absorption associated with the two-photon absorption (TPA)-induced free carrier absorption (FCA) is a dominant loss mechanism limiting optical gain in a silicon waveguide in addition to the linear optical scattering loss due to the waveguide sidewall roughness. The design and fabrication of a low-loss silicon waveguide containing a p-i-n diode to reduce the nonlinear optical loss are described. It is demonstrated that the free carrier density inside the waveguide can be reduced significantly with a reverse bias of the p-i-n diode. As a result, net optical gain in a silicon waveguide is achieved. The design, fabrication, and characterization of a Raman silicon laser are also described. Both pulsed and continuous-wave (CW) lasing in silicon are achieved using SRS.
New ultrasmall iron-oxide nanoparticles with high magnetisation as potential T1-MRI contrast agents for Molecular Imaging (2006)

Here we report on the synthesis of very small gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (5 nm) presenting very narrow particle size distribution and exceptionally high saturation magnetisation. The synthesis has been carried out in an organic medium with subsequent transfer to an aqueous solution at physiological pH. The structural and magnetic properties were kept unaltered after the solvent exchange. NMR relaxometric measurements show the potential of these particles as specific reporters for magnetic resonance molecular imaging.
Design Considerations for Plasmonic Photovoltaics (2010)

This paper reviews the recent research progress in the incorporation of plasmonic nanostructures with photovoltaic devices and the potential for surface plasmon enhanced absorption. We first outline a variety of cell architectures incorporating metal nanostructures. We then review the experimental fabrication methods and measurements to date, as well as systematic theoretical studies of the optimal nanostructure shapes. Finally we discuss photovoltaic absorber materials that could benefit from surface plasmon enhanced absorption.
PRESENT AND FUTURE FREE-SPACE QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION (2001)

No abstract prepared.
The Transcriptional Repressor REST Determines the Cell-Specific Expression of the Human MAPK8IP1 Gene Encoding IB1 (JIP-1) (2001)

Islet-brain 1 (IB1) is the human and rat homologue of JIP-1, a scaffold protein interacting with the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK). IB1 expression is mostly restricted to the endocrine pancreas and to the central nervous system. Herein, we explored the transcriptional mechanism responsible for this preferential islet and neuronal expression of IB1. A 731-bp fragment of the 5' regulatory region of the human MAPK8IP1 gene was isolated from a human BAC library and cloned upstream of a luciferase reporter gene. This construct drove high transcriptional activity in both insulin-secreting and neuron-like cells but not in unrelated cell lines. Sequence analysis of this promoter region revealed the presence of a neuron-restrictive silencer element (NRSE) known to bind repressor zinc finger protein REST. This factor is not expressed in insulin-secreting and neuron-like cells. By mobility shift assay, we confirmed that REST binds to the NRSE present in the IB1 promoter. Once transiently transfected in beta-cell lines, the expression vector encoding REST repressed IB1 transcriptional activity. The introduction of a mutated NRSE in the 5' regulating region of the IB1 gene abolished the repression activity driven by REST in insulin-secreting beta cells and relieved the low transcriptional activity of IB1 observed in unrelated cells. Moreover, transfection in non-beta and nonneuronal cell lines of an expression vector encoding REST lacking its transcriptional repression domain relieved IB1 promoter activity. Last, the REST-mediated repression of IB1 could be abolished by trichostatin A, indicating that deacetylase activity is required to allow REST repression. Taken together, these data establish a critical role for REST in the control of the tissue-specific expression of the human IB1 gene.
Nitric Oxide Prodrugs:  Diazeniumdiolate Anions of Hindered Secondary Amines (2007)

Nitric oxide prodrugs derived from hindered secondary amines were prepared. The decomposition patterns of these prodrugs indicate that alpha-methyl groups around the nitrogen bearing the diazeniumdiolate group prolong their half-life in aqueous buffer.
Theoretical Modeling of TLD With Different Tank Geometries Using Linear Long Wave Theory (2009)

Abstract This study focuses on the modeling of tuned liquid dampers (TLDs) with triangular-bottom, sloped-bottom, parabolic-bottom, and flat-bottom tanks using the linear long wave theory. The energy dissipated by damping screens is modeled theoretically utilizing the method of virtual work. In this proposed model, only the fundamental sloshing mode is considered, and the assumption of small free surface fluid response amplitude is made. Subsequently, the equivalent mechanical properties including effective mass, natural frequency, and damping ratio of the TLDs, having different tank geometries, are compared. It is found that the normalized effective mass ratio values for a parabolic-bottom tank and a sloped-bottom tank with a sloping angle of 20 deg are larger than the normalized effective mass ratio values for triangular-bottom and flat-bottom tanks. An increase in the normalized effective mass ratio indicates that a greater portion of the water inside the tank participates in the sloshing motion. The derived equivalent mechanical models for the TLD tank geometries considered in this study can be used for the preliminary design of structural-TLD systems.
Interaction of π-Conjugated Organic Molecules with π-Bonded Semiconductor Surfaces:  Structure, Selectivity, and Mechanistic Implications (2000)

The (001) surface of silicon contains pairs of atoms that are held together with a strong σ bond and a weak π bond. The interaction of styrene with the Si(001) surface has been investigated as a model system for understanding the interaction of conjugated π-electron systems to π-bonded semiconductor surfaces. Scanning tunneling microscopy images show one primary bonding configuration, slightly off-center from the middle of a dimer row. Infrared spectra using isotopically labeled styrene establish that attachment occurs in a highly selective way, bonding through the external vinyl group and leaving the aromatic ring almost completely unperturbed. Ab initio calculations reveal that the interaction between the π electrons of the vinyl group of styrene and the electron-deficient end of a SiSi dimer is strongly attractive. It is proposed that this attraction facilitates a low-symmetry interaction between the surface dimers and the vinyl group, leading to a highly selective reaction pathway for which Woodward−Hoffmann rules do not apply. The implications for selective attachment of other conjugated π-electron systems to other π-bonded semiconductor surfaces are discussed.
Los Foros Virtuales: herramienta indispensable en la formación a distancia (2014)

"Los foros virtuales utilizados para la formación constituyen una poderoso recurso decomunicación y de trabajo colaborativo que forman parte de los servicios de Internet o de los Entornos Virtuales de Aprendizaje. Esta herramienta provee espacios para las discusiones académicas que favorecen el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico de los cursistas, los diálogos argumentativos y pragmáticos, así como el papel que tiene el facilitador en este escenario virtual. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mostrar su relevancia en la formación a distancia en los profesionales de las Ciencias Veterinarias. Se concluyó que constituyen un recurso eficiente en la formación mediada por tecnología, permitiendo evaluar el progreso de los cursistas y losconocimientos que van construyendo durante el proceso de capacitación."
IN VITRO SYNTHESIS OF PROTEIN IN MICROBIAL SYSTEMS (1973)

The first useful systems for cell-free protein synthesis were developed in the Zamecnik laboratory, where it was shown that peptide synthesis takes place on the ribosome and requires ATP, GTP, and tRNA (1). Building on this, Nirenberg and his collaborators operationally separated the mRNA from the ribosome by showing that polyuridylic acid added to ribosomes stimulates polyphenylalanine synthesis (2). This discovery was a first step towards the solution of the genetic coding mechanism for proteins. Many other laboratories have contributed to understanding the biochemistry of protein synthesis. In spite of all the progre�s that has been made several aspects of the process are perplexing even in the bacterium Escherichia coli. The biochemistry of protein synthesis has recently been reviewed (3). This review is devoted to studies involving synthesis of complete proteins in cell-free systems. In the same year that Niremberg began his synthetic messenger studies aimed at elucidating the genetic code, the first complete protein, the coat protein of coliphage f2, was made in a cell-free extract of E. coli (4). Since then a number of viral RNAs have been used as messengers to prime the synthesis of complete proteins. By contrast, bacterial messengers have resisted translation until recent­ ly, because of the difficulty in isolating bacterial messengers from whole cells and partly because bacterial messengers are probably more prone to translation as they are being synthesized. To simulate whole cell conditions more closely, our laboratory began studies aimed at cell-free synthesis starting from the DNA. In 1967 DeVries and I (5) demonstrated synthesis of a portion of the {J­ galactosidase enzyme in a DNA-stimulated messenger-directed system. Subse­ quently a number of laboratories have studied the DNA-dependent RNA­ directed synthesis of both viral and bacterial proteins in E. coli extracts.
Effect of culture conditions on diploid to giant-cell transformation in postimplantation mouse trophoblast (1981)

Diploid extraembryonic ectoderm and ectoplacental cone from the 7.5-day mouse embryo were grown in vitro under a variety of culture conditions in an attempt to discover conditions which maintain trophoblast in a diploid state and prevent giant-cell formation. It was found that maintenance of tissue integrity was not enough to keep the tissues dividing and diploid, but that the presence of inner-cell-mass derivatives did have some effect. This effect was only apparent when trophoblast cells were entirely enclosed by embryonic tissues. Monolayers of embryonic or embryonal carcinoma cells did not prevent giant-cell formation. Diploid extraembryonic ectoderm and ectoplacental cone responded differently: ectoplacental cells eventually formed trophoblast giant cells even when enclosed by embryonic cells whereas extraembryonic ectoderm cells apparently could be maintained in a diploid condition. This and other differences in properties between extraembryonic ectoderm and ectoplacental cone are discussed with reference to a new model for the postimplantation trophoblast lineage in the mouse.
BPR0L075, a Novel Synthetic Indole Compound with Antimitotic Activity in Human Cancer Cells, Exerts Effective Antitumoral Activityin Vivo (2004)

BPR0L075 is a novel synthetic compound discovered through research to identify new microtubule inhibitors. BPR0L075 inhibits tubulin polymerization through binding to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. Cytotoxic activity of BPR0L075 in a variety of human tumor cell lines has been ascertained, with IC(50) values in single-digit nanomolar ranges. As determined by flow cytometry, human cervical carcinoma KB cells are arrested in G(2)-M phases in a time-dependent manner before cell death occurs. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay indicates that cell death proceeds through an apoptotic pathway. Additional studies indicate that the effect of BPR0L075 on cell cycle arrest is associated with an increase in cyclin B1 levels and a mobility shift of Cdc2 and Cdc25C. The changes in Cdc2 and Cdc25C coincide with the appearance of phosphoepitopes recognized by a marker of mitosis, MPM-2. Furthermore, phosphorylated forms of Bcl-2, perturbed mitochondrial membrane potential, and activation of the caspase-3 cascade may be involved in BPR0L075-induced apoptosis. Notably, several KB-derived multidrug-resistant cell lines overexpressing P-gp170/MDR and MRP are resistant to vincristine, paclitaxel, and colchicine but not to BPR0L075. Moreover, BPR0L075 shows potent activity against the growth of xenograft tumors of the gastric carcinoma MKN-45, human cervical carcinoma KB, and KB-derived P-gp170/MDR-overexpressing KB-VIN10 cells at i.v. doses of 50 mg/kg in nude mice. These findings indicate BPR0L075 is a promising anticancer compound with antimitotic activity that has potential for management of various malignancies, particularly for patients with drug resistance.
A Fully-Integrated MEMS Preconcentrator for Rapid Gas Sampling (2007)

In this paper, we present a new type of MEMS gaseous species preconcentrator (μPC) that has been fabricated and tested as a front end for a flame ionization detector (FID). A one microliter μPC filled with microposts is integrated with microvalves (response time <50 μs) and a resistive microheater (ramping to 200°C in 0.5 seconds). The integrated μPC can sample a cubic centimeter of gas in 0.2 second at 49 kPa, adsorb targeted species, heat and desorb, and inject concentrated gaseous species with 50 microsecond pulses into separation columns and/or detectors. The unprecedented speed of this μPC is enabled by MEMS sizing and fabrication, allowing sniffing of phosphonates, toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), and other volatile compounds in seconds, rather than tens of minutes with conventional systems.
Pragmatic multi-user spatial multiplexing with robustness to channel estimation errors (2004)

Using ideas from power control and downlink beamforming, we suggest a pragmatic approach for spatial multiplexing in systems with several access points, each serving one or more mobile terminals. We assume that all channels are known globally, but in the case of fast fading, it is sufficient to know the second order statistics of the channels. Robustness to channel estimation errors is easily incorporated in the algorithm. Since global channel knowledge is required, the algorithm is mainly intended for system simulations where it provides a benchmark for the performance of any spatial multiplexing scheme with equal rate on the spatial channels.
A Heat-Sensitive TRP Channel Expressed in Keratinocytes (2002)

Mechanical and thermal cues stimulate a specialized group of sensory neurons that terminate in the skin. Three members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of channels are expressed in subsets of these neurons and are activated at distinct physiological temperatures. Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of a novel thermosensitive TRP channel. TRPV3 has a unique threshold: It is activated at innocuous (warm) temperatures and shows an increased response at noxious temperatures. TRPV3 is specifically expressed in keratinocytes; hence, skin cells are capable of detecting heat via molecules similar to those in heat-sensing neurons.
Mechanism-Based Small Molecule Cross-Linkers of HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligase–Substrate Pairs (2012)

Here we report the discovery that bifunctional thiol- and amine-reactive electrophiles serve as mechanism-based covalent cross-linkers for HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase-substrate pairs. We demonstrate that these chemical cross-linkers covalently cross-link the catalytic Cys residue of the yeast HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 with the Lys of the ubiquitination site in the model substrate Sic60-GFP. This work represents the first example of a mechanism-based covalent cross-link of HECT E3-substrate pairs that converts transiently interacting HECT E3-substrate pairs into stable, covalently cross-linked protein complexes, thereby facilitating their subsequent isolation, identification, and study.
Monocytes Upregulate Endothelial Cell Expression of Tissue Factor: A Role for Cell-Cell Contact and Cross-Talk (1997)

Monocytes and endothelial cells interact at sites of vascular injury during inflammatory response, thrombosis, and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Such interactions result in modulation of several biological functions of the two cell types. Because both cells, on appropriate stimulation, synthesize tissue factor (TF), we examined the effect of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)/monocyte coculture on the expression of TF. We found that the coincubation resulted in TF generation, which was maximal at 4 hours, increased with increasing numbers of monocytes, and required mRNA and protein synthesis. Supernatant from HUVEC/monocyte coculture induced TF activity in HUVECs, but not in monocytes, indicating that HUVEC were the cells responsible for the activity, and that soluble mediators were involved. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), well-known inducers of TF in HUVECs, were found in the supernatant from the coculture, and specific antibodies directed against either cytokine inhibited TF generation. The need of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha synthesis in order to elicit TF expression was also suggested by the delay observed in TF mRNA formation and TF activity generation when monocytes were incubated with HUVECs. IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha antigen levels in the coculture supernatant, and, consequently, HUVEC TF expression, were inhibited in the presence of anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody. These findings emphasize the role of cell-cell contact and cross-talk in the procoagulant activity, which could be responsible for the thromboembolic complications observed in those vascular disorders in which monocyte infiltration is a common feature.
LDL receptor-independent and -dependent uptake of lipoproteins. (1995)

The liver plays a decisive role in the regulation of the plasma levels of atherogenic lipoproteins. The primary liver interaction site for chylomicron-remnants and VLDL remnants (beta-VLDL) is still unidentified, while the subsequent cellular uptake is likely to be mediated in concert by the LDL receptor related protein (LRP) and the LDL receptor. The nature of the primary interaction site of remnants (remnant-receptor) might be a liver-specific proteoglycan or a liver-specific protein. Atherogenic modified LDL can be recognized by a family of scavenger-receptors. A newly identified 95-kDa protein forms the most likely candidate for mediating the in vivo uptake of oxidized LDL from the circulation and might thus protect the body against the presence of oxidized LDL in the blood compartment.
Role of Bone Marrow–Derived CC-Chemokine Receptor 5 in the Development of Atherosclerosis of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice (2006)

Bone marrow-derived CCR5 favors the development of an inflammatory and collagen-poor plaque phenotype in association with decreased macrophage-derived IL-10 and enhanced T cell-derived TNF-alpha. These effects are not sustained in the very advanced stages of atherosclerosis.