gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids May Be Beneficial for Reducing Obesity—A Review (2010)

Current recommendations for counteracting obesity advocate the consumption of a healthy diet and participation in regular physical activity, but many individuals have difficulty complying with these recommendations. Studies in rodents and humans have indicated that long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) potentially elicit a number of effects which might be useful for reducing obesity, including suppression of appetite, improvements in circulation which might facilitate nutrient delivery to skeletal muscle and changes in gene expression which shift metabolism toward increased accretion of lean tissue, enhanced fat oxidation and energy expenditure and reduced fat deposition. While LC n-3 PUFA supplementation has been shown to reduce obesity in rodents, evidence in humans is limited. Epidemiological associations between LC n-3 PUFA intakes and obesity are inconclusive but small cross-sectional studies have demonstrated inverse relationships between markers of LC n-3 PUFA status and markers of obesity. Human intervention trials indicate potential benefits of LC n-3 PUFA supplementation, especially when combined with energy-restricted diets or exercise, but more well-controlled and long-term trials are needed to confirm these effects and identify mechanisms of action.
Hip Resurfacing through an Anterolateral Approach (2008)

The early results associated with a new generation of hip resurfacing devices are promising. The anterolateral approach affords the surgeon excellent exposure with the advantage of increased hip stability and potentially improved vascular supply of the femoral head as compared with the posterior approach.
Smoking and renal cell carcinoma. (1990)

The relationship between smoking habits and the risk of renal cell carcinoma was investigated in a case-control study conducted in northern Italy on 131 cases of histologically confirmed cancers of the renal parenchyma (85 males, 46 females) and 394 controls in hospital for acute, nonneoplastic, nonurological disorders. Compared with never smokers, the relative risk (RR) was 1.7 (95% confidence interval = 1.0-3.1) among ex-smokers. A direct and significant dose-risk relationship was observed among current smokers, with RR of 1.1, 1.9, and 2.3 for moderate, intermediate, and heavy smokers. This trend in risk was statistically significant (chi2(1) = 5.04; P = 0.02). The risk was directly related to duration of smoking (RR = 1.7 for less than 30 versus 1.8 for greater than or equal to 30 years, P = 0.04), and inversely with age at starting (RR = 2.0 for less than or equal to 20 versus 1.7 for greater than 20 years) and, among ex-smokers, with time elapsed since stopping (RR = 2.2 for less than 10 versus 1.3 for greater than or equal to 10 years). This pattern of risk, together with the absence of appreciable confounding, adds further evidence for a causal nature of the association between smoking and renal cell cancer.
Immunoglobulin G Receptors of Intestinal Brush Borders from Neonatal Rats (1983)

Intestinal absorptive cells of the neonatal rat display on their brush border membranes receptors for immunoglobulin G (IgG) which function in selective transfer of maternal IgG. Our Scatchard analysis of [125I]IgG binding to isolated brush borders has corroborated the presence of two classes of specific binding sites (KA1 = 2.4 X 10(7) M-1 and KA2 = 3.7 X 10(5) M-1) and the increase in overall binding with decreased buffer concentration, as shown by Wallace & Rees 1980. However, our Scatchard analysis of binding at different buffer concentrations indicates that the only significant effect of lowered buffer concentration is to increase the number of low-affinity sites. Neither the number nor the affinity of the high-affinity sites is affected. Furthermore, brush borders from rats at 21 days have only the low-affinity sites and at this age the selective transfer of IgG has ceased. Morphological experiments with tracers for both light and electron microscopy suggest that the high-affinity sites correspond to the specific IgG receptors on the apical membrane. The majority of the low-affinity sites are found within the terminal web and are likely not to be involved in selective transport of IgG.
A Novel Host Defense System of Airways is Defective in Cystic Fibrosis (2006)

These data indicate a novel innate defense mechanism of airways that kills bacteria via ROS and suggest a new cellular and molecular basis for defective airway immunity in CF.
Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Therapeutic Targets for Skin Cancer (2018)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are significant components of the microenvironment of solid tumors in the majority of cancers. TAMs sequentially develop from monocytes into functional macrophages. In each differentiation stage, TAMs obtain various immunosuppressive functions to maintain the tumor microenvironment (e.g., expression of immune checkpoint molecules, production of Treg-related chemokines and cytokines, production of arginase I). Although the main population of TAMs is immunosuppressive M2 macrophages, TAMs can be modulated into M1-type macrophages in each differential stage, leading to the suppression of tumor growth. Because the administration of certain drugs or stromal factors can stimulate TAMs to produce specific chemokines, leading to the recruitment of various tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, TAMs can serve as targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the differentiation, activation, and immunosuppressive function of TAMs, as well as their benefits in cancer immunotherapy.
The Relationship Between EAP and EABR Thresholds and Levels Used to Program the Nucleus 24 Speech Processor: Data from Adults (2000)

Either EAP or EABR thresholds can be used in combination with a limited amount of behavioral information to predict MAP T- and C-levels with reasonable accuracy.
Zeptomole-Sensitivity Electrospray Ionization−Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry of Proteins (2000)

Methods are being developed for ultrasensitive protein characterization based upon electrospray ionization (ESI) with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). The sensitivity of a FTICR mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI source depends on the overall ion transmission, which combines the probability of ionization, transmission efficiency, and ion trapping in the FTICR cell. Our developments implemented in a 3.5 tesla FTICR mass spectrometer include introduction and optimization of a newly designed electrodynamic ion funnel in the ESI interface, improving the ion beam characteristics in a quadrupole-electrostatic ion guide interface, and modification of the electrostatic ion guide. These developments provide a detection limit of approximately 30 zmol (approximately 18,000 molecules) for proteins with molecular weights ranging from 8 to 20 kDa.
Neuroimaging studies of autobiographical event memory (2002)

Abstract There are a number of approaches to neuroimaging episodic memory. In many studies, subjects are scanned as they learn and/or remember stimuli such as words or word-pairs. Using paradigms such as this one continues to learn much about, for example, frontal lobe contributions to memory operations. This chapter focuses on the retrieval of autobiographical event memories, those personally relevant episodes with a specific spatio-temporal context, the storehouse of our life's experiences ranging from the recent to the very remote. Although neuroimaging embraces techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG) and event related potentials (ERPs), only positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are considered in this instance, and the relevant literature briefly reviewed.
NPA citizen science and community projects (2016)

The National Parks Association has four citizen science and community projects which target a vast cross section of society (from urban school children to rural land holders) to increase their understanding and connection to nature. We've written an update on each of the projects so you can see the great work that NPA is doing with the community.
The use of recently described ionisation techniques for the rapid analysis of some common drugs and samples of biological origin (2006)

Three ionisation techniques that require no sample preparation or extraction prior to mass analysis have been used for the rapid analysis of pharmaceutical tablets and ointments. These methods were (i) the novel direct analysis in real time (DART), (ii) desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI), and (iii) desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (DAPCI). The performance of the three techniques was investigated for a number of common drugs. Significant differences between these approaches were observed. For compounds of moderate to low polarity DAPCI produced more effective ionisation. Accurate DESI and DAPCI tandem mass spectra were obtained and these greatly enhance the selectivity and information content of the experiment. The detection from human skin of the active ingredients from ointments is reported together with the detection of ibuprofen metabolites in human urine.
Primate Lentiviral Vpx Commandeers DDB1 to Counteract a Macrophage Restriction (2008)

Primate lentiviruses encode four "accessory proteins" including Vif, Vpu, Nef, and Vpr/Vpx. Vif and Vpu counteract the antiviral effects of cellular restrictions to early and late steps in the viral replication cycle. We present evidence that the Vpx proteins of HIV-2/SIV(SM) promote virus infection by antagonizing an antiviral restriction in macrophages. Fusion of macrophages in which Vpx was essential for virus infection, with COS cells in which Vpx was dispensable for virus infection, generated heterokaryons that supported infection by wild-type SIV but not Vpx-deleted SIV. The restriction potently antagonized infection of macrophages by HIV-1, and expression of Vpx in macrophages in trans overcame the restriction to HIV-1 and SIV infection. Vpx was ubiquitylated and both ubiquitylation and the proteasome regulated the activity of Vpx. The ability of Vpx to counteract the restriction to HIV-1 and SIV infection was dependent upon the HIV-1 Vpr interacting protein, damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1), and DDB1 partially substituted for Vpx when fused to Vpr. Our results indicate that macrophage harbor a potent antiviral restriction and that primate lentiviruses have evolved Vpx to counteract this restriction.
Determination of benzene in polypropylene food-packaging materials and food-contact paraffin waxes. (1991)

An analytical procedure was developed for determination of benzene in polypropylene food packaging and was adapted for determination of benzene in commercial paraffin waxes intended for food-contact use. The polymer was dissolved in hexadecane at 150 degrees C. The wax was melted in an 80 degrees C oven. A simple helium-sparging apparatus was used to remove the volatile chemical from the polymer or wax. The contaminant was collected in methanol, distilled water was added, and the resulting solution was analyzed by headspace gas chromatography. The instrument was equipped with a 30 m fused silica open tubular capillary column and a photoionization detector. Average recoveries of benzene from polymer and paraffin wax at low parts-per-billion concentrations were 63 and 70%, respectively. Limits of detection and quantitation for analysis of polypropylene were 8 and 17 ppb, respectively; the limit of quantitation for analysis of paraffin wax was 2 ppb. In several commercial polypropylene products examined, benzene levels ranged from none detected to 426 ppb. In 3 commercial waxes examined, concentrations of 16-73 ppb benzene were determined. The presence of benzene was confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
A Decoupled KILO-Instruction Processor (2006)

Building processors with large instruction windows has been proposed as a mechanism for overcoming the memory wall, but finding a feasible and implementable design has been an elusive goal. Traditional processors are composed of structures that do not scale to large instruction windows because of timing and power constraints. However, the behavior of programs executed with large instruction windows gives rise to a natural and simple alternative to scaling. We characterize this phenomenon of execution locality and propose a microarchitecture to exploit it to achieve the benefit of a large instruction window processor with low implementation cost. Execution locality is the tendency of instructions to exhibit high or low latency based on their dependence on memory operations. In this paper we propose a decoupled microarchitecture that executes low latency instructions on a cache processor and high latency instructions on a memory processor. We demonstrate that such a design, using small structures and many in-order components, can achieve the same performance as much more aggressive proposals while minimizing design complexity.
Secukinumab, a human anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody, for moderate to severe Crohn's disease: unexpected results of a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial (2012)

This trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov with the number NCT01009281.
WRINKLED1 encodes an AP2/EREB domain protein involved in the control of storage compound biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (2004)

The accumulation of storage compounds during seed development ensures the survival of the young seedling, and also provides nutrition to humans and animals in the form of foods and feeds. The putative AP2/EREBP transcription factor WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is involved in the regulation of seed storage metabolism in Arabidopsis. A splicing mutant allele, wri1-1, caused the reduction of seed oil accumulation. Glycolysis was compromised in this mutant, rendering developing embryos unable to efficiently convert sucrose into precursors of triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Expression of the WRINKLED1 cDNA under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S-promoter led to increased seed oil content. Moreover, the ectopic expression of the WRINKLED1 cDNA caused the accumulation of triacylglycerols in developing seedlings. This effect depended upon the presence of glucose in the growth medium or other sugars readily metabolized to glucose. Oil-accumulating seedlings showed aberrant development consistent with a prolonged embryonic state.
Protein kinase Cϵ interacts with cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV and enhances cytochrome c oxidase activity in neonatal cardiac myocyte preconditioning (2005)

We have previously identified a phorbol ester-induced PKCepsilon (protein kinase Cepsilon) interaction with the ( approximately 18 kDa) COIV [CO (cytochrome c oxidase) subunit IV] in NCMs (neonatal cardiac myocytes). Since PKCepsilon has been implicated as a key mediator of cardiac PC (preconditioning), we examined whether hypoxic PC could induce PKCepsilon-COIV interactions. Similar to our recent study with phorbol esters [Ogbi, Chew, Pohl, Stuchlik, Ogbi and Johnson (2004) Biochem. J. 382, 923-932], we observed a time-dependent increase in the in vitro phosphorylation of an approx. 18 kDa protein in particulate cell fractions isolated from NCMs subjected to 1-60 min of hypoxia. Introduction of a PKCepsilon-selective translocation inhibitor into cells attenuated this in vitro phosphorylation. Furthermore, when mitochondria isolated from NCMs exposed to 30 min of hypoxia were subjected to immunoprecipitation analyses using PKCepsilon-selective antisera, we observed an 11.1-fold increase in PKCepsilon-COIV co-precipitation. In addition, we observed up to 4-fold increases in CO activity after brief NCM hypoxia exposures that were also attenuated by introducing a PKCepsilon-selective translocation inhibitor into the cells. Finally, in Western-blot analyses, we observed a >2-fold PC-induced protection of COIV levels after 9 h index hypoxia. Our studies suggest that a PKCepsilon-COIV interaction and an enhancement of CO activity occur in NCM hypoxic PC. We therefore propose novel mechanisms of PKCepsilon-mediated PC involving enhanced energetics, decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and the preservation of COIV levels.
Interaction of Nascent ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4 Isoforms Expressed in Mammalian Cells with Amyloid Peptide β (1−40). Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease (1997)

Population studies have established that one of the common isoforms of apolipoprotein E, the apoE4, is associated with higher incidence and earlier age of onset of late onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas apoE2 may have the opposite effect. The apoE3 and apoE4 isoforms were shown to display different binding reactivities with amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) and tau protein in vitro. On the basis of these findings, it has been proposed that the apoE isoforms may modulate positively or negatively the formation of either the neurofibrillary tangles or the amyloid deposits in the brain of patients with AD. To study the interaction of Abeta with nascent apoE isoforms we have expressed their cDNAs in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells using the Semliki Forest Virus expression system. Analysis of the secreted apoE by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting showed that the nascent apoE is heavily modified with carbohydrate chains containing sialic acid. A dimeric form of apoE is formed with apoE2 and apoE3 but not with apoE4 isoforms. Analysis of the interaction of nascent apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4 produced by BHK-21 cells with Abeta (1-40) under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C) showed that the efficiency of the apoE monomer-Abeta complex formation follows the order apoE2 > apoE3 >> apoE4. In addition, the apoE2 dimer formed a complex with Abeta more efficiently than the apoE3 dimer. The isoform-specific differences in binding were temperature-dependent and are attenuated upon decrease of the temperature. The binding behavior of the monomeric apoE is different from that reported for plasma apoE3 and apoE4 or commercially available apoE3 and apoE4 preparations and similar to that described for apoE3 and apoE4 produced by human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells. It appears that the efficiency of binding between each of three main apoE isoforms and Abeta correlates inversely with the risk of developing late-onset familial AD and may indicate possible involvement of apoE in the binding and clearance of Abeta in vivo.
Use of fluorescent sequence-specific polyamides to discriminate human chromosomes by microscopy and flow cytometry (2002)

In this paper, we demonstrate the use of synthetic polyamide probes to fluorescently label heterochromatic regions on human chromosomes for discrimination in cytogenetic preparations and by flow cytometry. Polyamides bind to the minor groove of DNA in a sequence-specific manner. Unlike conventional sequence-specific DNA or RNA probes, polyamides can recognize their target sequence without the need to subject chromosomes to harsh denaturing conditions. For this study, we designed and synthesized a polyamide to target the TTCCA-motif repeated in the heterochromatic regions of chromosome 9, Y and 1. We demonstrate that the fluorescently labeled polyamide binds to its target sequence in both conventional cytogenetic preparations of metaphase chromosomes and suspended chromosomes without denaturation. Chromosomes 9 and Y can be discriminated and purified by flow sorting on the basis of polyamide binding and Hoechst 33258 staining. We generate chromosome 9- and Y-specific 'paints' from the sorted fractions. We demonstrate the utility of this technology by characterizing the sequence of an olfactory receptor gene that is duplicated on multiple chromosomes. By separating chromosome 9 from chromosomes 10-12 on the basis of polyamide fluorescence, we determine and differentiate the haplotypes of the highly similar copies of this gene on chromosomes 9 and 11.
Purification and properties of a nuclease from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that cleaves DNA at cruciform junctions. (1987)

An endonuclease specific for cruciform junctions has been purified from yeast cells treated with a DNA-damaging agent. The activity was followed through five chromatographic steps by assaying for the linearization of supercoiled plasmid DNA, which extrudes cruciform structures in vitro. The sites of cleavage on pColIR215 were sequenced, and nicks were located to positions symmetrically opposed across the cruciform junction. The products of cleavage were unit length linear duplexes that contained terminal hairpin loops. In contrast to pColIR215, the cleavage patterns of pXG540 plasmid DNA were found to be complex, and cuts were found up to 40 bases from an (A-T)34 sequence that extrudes into a cruciform. Little or no activity could be detected on single-stranded DNA, linear duplex DNA, or nicked circular duplex DNA. The nuclease was insensitive to RNase but was inactivated by treatment with proteinase K. Mg2+ was required as cofactor and could not be replaced by Mn2+, Ca2+, Co2+, or Cu2+. The native molecular weight of the activity was approximately 200,000 as estimated by gel filtration.
Nocturnal Oxygen Desaturation in Coronary Artery Disease. (1999)

Nocturnal oxygen desaturation and sleep apnea may provoke myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Additionally, these factors may accelerate coronary atherosclerosis in the long term and they may play a role in the progression of the disease process. On the other hand, studies related to this subject are limited. This study was conducted to investigate the nocturnal oxygen desaturation and apneas during sleep in patients with CAD and to assess the possible association of these factors with CAD. We studied 22 male patients with CAD confirmed by coronary angiography who did not have symptomatic pulmonary disease and fourteen male healthy controls without known heart disease. Patients were randomly selected from men undergoing coronary angiography. Controls were age and sex matched and selected from the population registry. The normal controls were of similar body mass index to the patients. None of them were obese. The patients and controls underwent standard polysomnography. Men with CAD and controls had a similar apnea-hypopnea index (2.3 +/- 3.8 vs. 1.2 +/- 1.7). Mean oxygen desaturation index was higher among patients than controls (2.1 vs. 0.5, p < 0.05). Patients with CAD spent 3.1% (9.7 +/- 13.6) of total sleep time desaturated, while the same proportion in controls were 0.5% (1.9 +/- 4.1)(p < 0.05). Although both groups of patients were of similar heart rates at initial, the development of bradycardia during sleep was significantly higher in patients compared with controls (43.3% vs. 25.3%, p < 0.05). The results demonstrate that sleep disordered breathing, in particular nocturnal oxygen desaturation, occurs more common in patients with CAD compared to controls. Additionally, patients are at higher risk of developing bradycardia during sleep. This findings suggest that oxygen desaturation during sleep might contribute to the progression of CAD.
Genomic structure, cDNA sequence, and expression of gly96, a growth factor-inducible immediate-early gene encoding a short-lived glycosylated protein. (1993)

We report the cDNA sequence and genomic structure of gly96, an immediate early gene inducible by serum growth factors in mouse fibroblasts. It encodes a 153-amino acid protein that does not share significant sequence similarity with any known protein. In the adult mouse, gly96 is expressed predominantly in the lung, testes and the uterus. We have identified the Gly96 protein in Balb/c 3T3 cells using affinity-purified antibodies recognizing the Gly96 polypeptide. We show that Gly96 is glycosylated and has a short half-life in serum stimulated fibroblasts.