gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of ephrinB2 in nonproductive angiogenesis induced by Delta-like 4 blockade (2009)

Delta-like 4 (DLL4) is one of the Notch ligands and plays an important role in vascular development. DLL4 blockade inhibits tumor growth by promoting nonproductive angiogenesis, which is characterized by an increase in vascular density and decrease in tissue perfusion. However, a detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, newly developed neutralizing antibodies against mouse and human DLL4 were used to investigate the possible involvement of VEGF-DLL4-ephrinB2 cascade in nonproductive angiogenesis caused by DLL4 blockade. DLL4 blockade and soluble ephrinB2 treatment suppressed tumor growth and induced nonproductive angiogenesis. DLL4 was expressed in subcutaneous tumors, and DLL4 blockade suppressed ephrinB2 expression in the tumors. DLL4 blockade significantly promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation in vitro, and the effect was additive to that of VEGF. Both DLL4 blockade and VEGF significantly increased cord length and branch points in a tubular formation assay. Expression of ephrinB2 in HUVECs was enhanced by VEGF alone, and the enhancement was inhibited by DLL4 blockade. Moreover, when we studied the effect of ephrinB2 RNA interference on HUVEC tubular formation, knockdown of ephrinB2 mimicked the effect of DLL4. These results suggest that ephrinB2 plays a crucial role in nonproductive angiogenesis caused by DLL4 blockade.
Regulation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase by MEKK-2 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinases in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2004)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a critical regulator of collagenase-1 production in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The MAPKs are regulated by upstream kinases, including MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) and MAPK kinase kinases (MAP3Ks). The present study was designed to evaluate the expression and regulation of the JNK pathway by MAP3K in arthritis. RT-PCR studies of MAP3K gene expression in RA and osteoarthritis synovial tissue demonstrated mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase kinase (MEKK) 1, MEKK2, apoptosis-signal regulating kinase-1, TGF-beta activated kinase 1 (TAK1) gene expression while only trace amounts of MEKK3, MEKK4, and MLK3 mRNA were detected. Western blot analysis demonstrated immunoreactive MEKK2, TAK1, and trace amounts of MEKK3 but not MEKK1 or apoptosis-signal regulating kinase-1. Analysis of MAP3K mRNA in cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) showed that all of the MAP3Ks examined were expressed. Western blot analysis of FLS demonstrated that MEKK1, MEKK2, and TAK1 were readily detectable and were subsequently the focus of functional studies. In vitro kinase assays using MEKK2 immunoprecipitates demonstrated that IL-1 increased MEKK2-mediated phosphorylation of the key MAPKKs that activate JNK (MAPK kinase (MKK)4 and MKK7). Furthermore, MEKK2 immunoprecipitates activated c-Jun in an IL-1 dependent manner and this activity was inhibited by the selective JNK inhibitor SP600125. Of interest, MEKK1 immunoprecipitates from IL-1-stimulated FLS appeared to activate c-Jun through the JNK pathway and TAK1 activation of c-Jun was dependent on JNK, ERK, and p38. These data indicate that MEKK2 is a potent activator of the JNK pathway in FLS and that signal complexes including MEKK2, MKK4, MKK7, and/or JNK are potential therapeutic targets in RA.
Characterization of the Cationic Surfactant Induced Reversal of Electroosmotic Flow in Capillary Electrophoresis (1996)

Reversal of electroosmotic flow in capillary electrophoresis can be achieved by the addition of cationic surfactants to the electrophoretic buffer. This reversal of flow is caused by the formation of a bilayer or hemimicelle at the walls of the capillary, effectively making the wall charge positive. The bilayer can be formed either by adsorption of monomeric surfactants or by admicelles (surfactant pairs), depending on the ionic strength of the buffer and the surface charge at the capillary walls. At concentrations of cationic surfactant sufficient to form the bilayer (i.e., greater than the critical micelle concentration) the electroosmotic flow velocity is independent of pH above a pH of 4. Adjustment of the ionic strength causes minor variations in the reversed electroosmotic flow rate due to the opposing forces of increased concentration of adsorbed surfactant and decreased double layer thickness. The nature of the anionic counterion in solution has a strong effect on the magnitude of the reversed electroosmotic flow observed, analogous to the effect of the buffer cation's effect on normal electroosmotic flow. This effect is explained using a simple ion exchange model.
Borrelia burgdorferiGenotype Predicts the Capacity for Hematogenous Dissemination during Early Lyme Disease (2008)

This study identified the B. burgdorferi genotypes that pose the greatest risk of causing hematogenous dissemination in humans. This information should be considered in the future development of diagnostic assays and vaccine preparations.
Unconstrained physiological monotoring in daily living for health care (2000)

This paper deals with the recent development of two types of non-invasive physiological monitoring systems for possible application in an unconstrained manner to normal subjects for health care as well as to patients and/or outpatients with disorders or with life support systems (artificial organs and organ transplantations). One is an ambulatory monitoring system which allows automatic acquisition of blood pressure, cardiac output and other cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters on a beat-by-beat basis using the volume-compensation and transthoracic electrical admittance method. The other is a home monitoring system installed in a lavatory which can measure body and excreta weight together with the ballistocardiogram as an index of cardiac ejecting function in an unaware fashion without attachment of any sensors to the subject's body and without special operations for measurement during toilet use. Outlines of these two systems and monitoring results of laboratory and field testings are presented, and these suggest that the ambulatory and non-conscious physiological monitoring techniques described herein appear promising as a valuable and helpful means for use in research as well as in the practical field of health monitoring at home during daily living.
Methylnaltrexone, a novel peripheral opioid receptor antagonist for the treatment of opioid side effects (2006)

Methylnaltrexone is an investigational peripheral opioid receptor antagonist, a quaternary derivative of naltrexone. Methylnaltrexone has greater polarity and lower lipid solubility, thus it does not cross the blood-brain barrier in humans. Methylnaltrexone offers the therapeutic potential to block or reverse the undesired side effects of opioids that are mediated by receptors located in the periphery (e.g., in the gastrointestinal tract), without affecting analgesia or precipitating the opioid withdrawal symptoms that are predominantly mediated by receptors in the CNS. This article reviews preclinical studies and clinical opioid bowel dysfunction trial data, and briefly discusses other potential roles of this compound in clinical practice.
Angiopoietin-2 Levels Are Associated with Disease Progression in Metastatic Malignant Melanoma (2009)

The experiments establish sAng-2 as a biomarker of melanoma progression and metastasis correlating with tumor load and overall survival. The identification of an autocrine angiopoietin/Tie loop controlling melanoma migration and invasion warrants further functional experiments and validate the angiopoietin/Tie system as a promising therapeutic target for human melanomas.
논문 : 공간데이타 통합 기능을 활용한 국가자연환경 종합 GIS 구축 (2001)

본 연구는 GIS의 공간데이타 통합 기능을 이용하여 전통적인 자연환경 샘플링 조사의 결과를 지도화하고 자연환경 관련 각종 주제도를 통합한 데이터베이스를 구축함으로써 그 결과를 토대로 정부의 각종 자연보전정책을 지원할 수 있는 전국 규모의 실용적인 자연환경 GIS의 구축 가능성을 검증하는 것이 목적이었다. 그리하여 현지 샘플링 조사의 수치 지도화 작업이 이루어졌고 기존의 다양한 자연환경관련 주제도가 통합 데이터 베이스로 구축되었다. 아울러 GIS 비전문가도 필요한 정보를 쉽게 검색하여 활용할 수 있도록 하는 사용자 인터페이스가 디자인되었다. 구축된 시스템은 다양한 자료처리능력, 신속성을 바탕으로 지금까지는 불가능했던 방대한 양의 각종 자연환경 지도정보와 속성정보를 통합한 분석기능을 제공하여 의사결정 보조수단으로서의 활용가치가 매우 높은 것으로 사료되었다 기존의 조사지점에만 국한된 통계 수치정보가 광역적인 자연환경변화 추이를 시각적으로 제시하는 데 많은 한계가 있었으나, 컴퓨터 지도의 시청각 효과를 이용한 광역공간정보의 활용을 통해 자연환경정책 결정과정의 설득력 확보에 기여하는 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 보여졌다. 과거 자료검색을 위해 소요되는 시간 때문에 자연환경보전 기본계획 수립 등 많은 업무를 객관적인 데이터에 의거한 과학적인 정책결정이 아닌 직관에 의존하여 왔던 것이 사실이다. 본 연구가 이와 같은 관행을 개선할 수 있는 계기가 되어 향후 국가 전체차원의 자연환경GIS 구축이나 각급 지방자치단체의 보다 대축척인 자연환경GIS 구축사업에서 기술적이나 정책적인 측면의 중요한 참고자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
Transformation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Escherichia coli with the C. diphtheriae plasmid pNG2. (1987)

The transfection and transformation of members of two species of pathogenic corynebacteria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Corynebacterium ulcerans, is described. Protoplasts were produced by treatment with lysozyme following growth in glycine, and a medium was defined on which a significant fraction of the osmotically sensitive cells were regenerated. Transfections were carried out with DNA from corynephage 782, a member of the beta family of converting phages, and transformations were performed with DNA of plasmid pNG2, a 9500-kDa plasmid that was isolated from an erythromycin-resistant strain of C. diphtheriae and carries the resistance gene. Strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli were also successfully transformed with pNG2 DNA. Transfection frequencies were in the range of 3-8 X 10(3) plaque-forming units/micrograms of phage DNA, and transformation frequencies were in the range of 0.2-150 colony-forming units/micrograms of plasmid DNA. Plasmid pNG2 replicated and was stably maintained in all transformants both in the presence or absence of erythromycin. Thus, it displayed the ability to replicate in strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria without the intervention of genetic engineering. pNG2 DNA isolated from any of the transformed strains was able to transform all parental strains. The host range of pNG2 suggests its possible utility in or as a shuttle vector for the study and manipulation of genes from corynebacterial strains of animal origin.
A selective estrogen receptor-β agonist causes lesion regression in an experimentally induced model of endometriosis (2004)

ERB-041 and possibly other ERbeta selective agonists may be a useful new approach to treating endometriosis.
Decreased Binding of Annexin V to Endothelial Cells (2004)

Decreased annexin V binding to endothelium caused by antibodies may represent a novel mechanism of atherothrombosis. We hypothesize that even though annexin V may promote plaque growth at some disease stages, it may also stabilize plaque.
Letters to the Editor (1991)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Biologic Modification of Ligamentum Flavum Cells by Marker Gene Transfer and Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (2004)

Human LF cells were found to be susceptible to adenovirus-mediated marker gene transfer, which offers the possibility of a new range of possible genetic modifications. In human LF cells, BMP-2 was found to markedly up-regulate the expression of osteogenic phenotypes and to induce bone nodule formation. The results of this study support the notion that biologically modified LF cells, i.e., LF cells treated with BMP-2, or with adenovirus-mediated BMP-2 cDNA gene transfer, may facilitate spinal fusion.
Synthesis and some reactions of 6-bromooxindole. (1985)

An efficient synthesis of 4-and 6-bromooxindoles, previously unknown compounds, from 6-and 4-amino-2-nitrotoluenes and the transformation of 6-bromooxindole to 3-acylated derivatives are described.
Racemization of amino acid derivatives. III. Rate of racemization and peptide bond formation of cysteine active esters (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRacemization of amino acid derivatives. III. Rate of racemization and peptide bond formation of cysteine active estersJoseph Kovacs, George L. Mayers, Robert Hall Johnson, Richard E. Cover, and Usha R. GhatakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 6, 1810–1815Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00831a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00831a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views514Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activation of interleukin-2 gene transcription via the T-cell surface molecule CD28 is mediated through an NF-kB-like response element (1991)

Production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by human T-lymphocytes can be augmented by costimulation via CD28. It has been reported that signaling via CD28 acts by stabilization of lymphokine mRNAs (Lindsten, T., June, C. H., Ledbetter, J. A., Stella, G., and Thompson, C. B. (1989) Science 244, 339-343). Here we demonstrate that costimulation via CD28 also provides a signal which activates transcription of the IL-2 gene A CD28-responsive element (CD28RE) in the IL-2 enhancer at position -162 to -152 was identified. This so far unidentified element shows sequence similarity to the kB enhancer motif. In vitro binding studies have demonstrated that the via CD28-induced signal synergizes with either phorbol myristate acetate or anti-CD3 for the induction of a nuclear factor that binds CD28RE and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) NF-kB motif. The significance of the sequence similarity of CD28RE with the kB enhancer motif was demonstrated by cross-competition studies using unlabeled CD28RE, HIV-1 NF-kB binding site, and a mutated version of the NF-kB motif. In addition, we found that NF-kB-dependent reporter gene expression was induced by costimulation via CD28. These results indicate that besides an effect on lymphokine mRNA stabilization, stimulation via CD28 acts at the level of transcription via coinduction of an NF-kB-like activity.
Antimicrobial Properties of Pyrrole Derivatives (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntimicrobial Properties of Pyrrole DerivativesAlbert J. Castro, Glen R. Gale, Gary E. Means, and Gerard. TertzakianCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 1, 29–32Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00313a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00313a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views328Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sensitization and Translocation of TRPV1 by Insulin and IGF-I (2005)

Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) maintain vital neuronal functions. Absolute or functional deficiencies of insulin or IGF-I may contribute to neuronal and vascular complications associated with diabetes. Vanilloid receptor 1 (also called TRPV1) is an ion channel that mediates inflammatory thermal nociception and is present on sensory neurons. Here we demonstrate that both insulin and IGF-I enhance TRPV1-mediated membrane currents in heterologous expression systems and cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. Enhancement of membrane current results from both increased sensitivity of the receptor and translocation of TRPV1 from cytosol to plasma membrane. Receptor tyrosine kinases trigger a signaling cascade leading to activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI(3)K) and protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation of TRPV1, which is found to be essential for the potentiation. These findings establish a link between the insulin family of trophic factors and vanilloid receptors.
Protein extracts for nutritional purposes from fragile strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Construction of strains and conditions for lysis (1990)

A superfragile strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 211, carrying three nonallelic nuclear determinants of cell lysis by osmotic shock was isolated from the haploid progeny of a cross between two laboratory fragile strains VY 1160 and SY 15. The strain Sacch. cerevisiae 211 is prototrophic, grows well in both laboratory and industrial media, only when supplemented with osmotic stabilizers. The average protein content of its biomass after growth in a molasses-based nutritional medium is 48.7%. In laboratory conditions this strain releases about 60% of its cellular proteins by spontaneous lysis in water. However, on a pilot scale the protein yield decreases to about 25%. After a single disintegration step at 650 atm, practically all of the cellular protein--91.5%, is extracted without any additional chemical treatment. This result cannot be reached in any of the wild type strains tested even after triple treatment at 650 atm.
Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (2016)

In this paper, a review of the developments in MRAM technology over the past 20 years is presented. The various MRAM generations are described with a particular focus on spin-transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) which is currently receiving the greatest attention. The working principles of these various MRAM generations, the status of their developments, and demonstrations of working circuits, including already commercialized MRAM products, are discussed.
Partial characterization and three‐dimensional‐structural localization of eight mutations in exon 7 of the human phenylalanine hydroxylase gene associated with phenylketonuria (1998)

The molecular basis for the metabolic defect in patients with phenylketonuria has been characterized for seven missense point mutations (R252G/Q, L255V/S, A259V/T and R270S) and a termination mutation (G272X) in an evolutionarily conserved motif of exon 7 in the catalytic domain of the human phenylalanine hydroxylase (hPAH) gene. The mutations were expressed in three heterologous in vitro systems. When expressed as fusion proteins with maltose-binding protein in Escherichia coli five of the mutant proteins demonstrated a defect in the normal ability of hPAH to fold and assemble as homotetramer/dimer, and they were mostly recovered as inactive aggregated forms. Only for the R252Q and L255V mutants were catalytically active tetramer and dimer recovered and for R252G some dimer, i.e. 20% (R252Q, tetramer), 44% (L255V, tetramer) and 4.4% (R252G, dimer) of the activity for the respective wild-type (wt) forms. When expressed by a coupled in vitro transcription-translation system, all the mutant enzymes were recovered as a mixture of non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated forms with a low homospecific activity (i.e. maximum 11% of wt-hPAH for the L255V mutant). When transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney (A293) cells a very low level of immunoreactive PAH protein was recovered in spite of normal PAH mRNA levels. All these mutations resulted in variant hPAH proteins which revealed a defect in oligomerization, an increased sensitivity to limited proteolysis in vitro, reduced cellular stability and a variable reduction in their catalytic activity. All these effects seem to result from structural perturbations of the monomer, and based on the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of hPAH, an explanation is provided for the impact of the mutations on the folding and oligomerization of the monomers.
DPC-423 Bristol-Myers Squibb. (2002)

DPC-423 is a biphenylamine-containing amide which is under development by Bristol-Myers Squibb (formerly DuPont Pharmaceuticals) as a Factor Xa inhibitor for the potential treatment of thrombotic disorders [372092]. As of August 2000, DPC-423 was in phase I trials [380880]. DPC-423 was discovered as a result of SAR modifications of DuPont's SN-429, including replacement of the benzamidine moiety with a less basic benzylamine [398701]. Its 2-aminomethylphenyl analog DPC-602 is also under investigation for thrombotic disorders [402714].
Symmetry Coordinates of Molecular Vibrations of “Footballene” C60 (1988)

Abstract A complete set of the 174 symmetry coordinates for the C molecular model referred to as footballene is reported. The model is the truncated icosahedron (symmetry Ih ). Hence in addition to triple degeneracy also quadruple and quintuple degeneracies occur. Key Words: C60 FootballeneSymmetry coordinates
NMR Structure Determination for Larger Proteins Using Backbone-Only Data (2010)

Conventional protein structure determination from nuclear magnetic resonance data relies heavily on side-chain proton-to-proton distances. The necessary side-chain resonance assignment, however, is labor intensive and prone to error. Here we show that structures can be accurately determined without nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) information on the side chains for proteins up to 25 kilodaltons by incorporating backbone chemical shifts, residual dipolar couplings, and amide proton distances into the Rosetta protein structure modeling methodology. These data, which are too sparse for conventional methods, serve only to guide conformational search toward the lowest-energy conformations in the folding landscape; the details of the computed models are determined by the physical chemistry implicit in the Rosetta all-atom energy function. The new method is not hindered by the deuteration required to suppress nuclear relaxation processes for proteins greater than 15 kilodaltons and should enable routine NMR structure determination for larger proteins.