gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Association With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression (2005)

Nasopharyngeal cancer may be a useful target for selective COX-2 inhibition. The absence of promoter methylation may be a necessary component of COX-2 overexpression, and promoter methylation may be one of the mechanisms that regulate COX-2 expression.
γ-Tocotrienol suppresses prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion through multiple-signalling pathways (2008)

Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) has demonstrated antiproliferative effect on prostate cancer (PCa) cells. To elucidate this anticancer property in PCa cells, this study aimed, first, to identify the most potent isomer for eliminating PCa cells; and second, to decipher the molecular pathway responsible for its activity. Results showed that the inhibitory effect of gamma-tocotrienol was most potent, which resulted in induction of apoptosis as evidenced by activation of pro-caspases and the presence of sub-G(1) cell population. Examination of the pro-survival genes revealed that the gamma-tocotrienol-induced cell death was associated with suppression of NF-kappaB, EGF-R and Id family proteins (Id1 and Id3). Meanwhile, gamma-tocotrienol treatment also resulted in the induction of JNK-signalling pathway and inhibition of JNK activity by a specific inhibitor (SP600125) was able to partially block the effect of gamma-tocotrienol. Interestingly, gamma-tocotrienol treatment led to suppression of mesenchymal markers and the restoration of E-cadherin and gamma-catenin expression, which was associated with suppression of cell invasion capability. Furthermore, a synergistic effect was observed when cells were co-treated with gamma-tocotrienol and Docetaxel. Our results suggested that the antiproliferative effect of gamma-tocotrienol act through multiple-signalling pathways, and demonstrated for the first time the anti-invasion and chemosensitisation effect of gamma-tocotrienol against PCa cells.
Epitaxial growth of PbTiO/sub 3/ films on SrTiO/sub 3/ by RF magnetron sputtering (1991)

Epitaxial growth of PbTiO(3) films on (100)SrTiO(3 ) single crystal plates is investigated in detail for piezoelectric device applications. PbTiO(3) films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering at relatively low temperature and subsequently annealed. The films had a perovskite structure under a wide annealing temperature range. Epitaxial growth of PbTiO(3) films on SrTiO (3) single crystal was achieved, although there was a limitation in the maximum film thickness (<0.3 mum). A thicker film (>0.6 mum) was successfully obtained by high-temperature sputtering. Lateral overgrowth of PbTiO(3) film was attempted using a high-temperature sputtering technique. A TEM micrograph confirms that PbTiO(3) film was epitaxially grown on SrTiO(3) single crystal and overgrown laterally to cover a Pt electrode film. To characterize film quality, ferroelectric properties are investigated. The electromechanical coupling constant of the PbTiO(3) film was evaluated by analyzing impedance characteristics, and was found to be as large as 0.8.
A Katanin-Like Protein Regulates Normal Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Cell Elongation (2001)

David H. Burk, Bo Liu, Ruiqin Zhong, W. Herbert Morrison, Zheng-Hua Ye, A Katanin-Like Protein Regulates Normal Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Cell Elongation, The Plant Cell, Vol. 13, No. 4 (Apr., 2001), pp. 807-827
Fibroblast growth factors: at the heart of angiogenesis. (1995)

Acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) are ubiquitous cytokines found in many tissues. They have effects on multiple cell types derived from mesoderm and neuroectoderm, including endothelial cells. In this review the structure and function of the fibroblast growth factor family and its receptors are described. The evidence implicating both FGF-1 and FGF-2 in the control of blood vessel formation is presented and their involvement in normal and pathological angiogenesis during adult life is then described in more detail.
Mutational analysis of the hepatitis B virus P gene product: domain structure and RNase H activity (1990)

To correlate the hepatitis B virus P gene with the enzymatic activities predicted to participate in hepadnavirus reverse transcription, a series of P gene mutants containing missense mutations, in-phase insertions, and in-phase deletions was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. These mutants were tested in the context of otherwise intact hepatitis B virus genomes for the ability to produce core particles containing the virus-associated polymerase activity. The results obtained suggest that the P protein consists of three functional domains and a nonessential spacer arranged in the following order: terminal protein, spacer, reverse transcriptase/DNA polymerase, and RNase H. The first two domains are separated by a spacer region which could be deleted to a large extent without significant loss of endogenous polymerase activity. In cotransfection experiments, all P gene mutants could be complemented in trans by constructs expressing the wild-type gene product but not by a second P gene mutant. This indicates that the multifunctional P gene is expressed as a single translational unit and independent of the core gene and furthermore that the gene product is freely diffusible and not processed before core assembly.
Complete rehabilitation of the mandible following segmental resection (2006)

Segmental resection of the mandible leads to significant patient morbidity. Loss of mandibular support to the teeth, tongue and lip causes dysfunctional mastication, swallowing, speech, airway protection and oral competence. Patients also suffer disfigurement following segmental mandibulectomy because the mandible is an important aesthetic landmark. The degrees to which dysfunction and disfigurement occur depend both on the location of the mandibular segment removed and the amount of surrounding soft tissue excised. Between January 1985 and December 2004, 780 fibula osteoseptocutaneous flaps have been used for head and neck reconstruction at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. The fibula flap has proven to be the bony flap of choice because it has a lengthy bicortical segment of bone available, a reasonably long vascular pedicle, large diameter vessels, good bone quality, and is easily contoured with multiple osteotomies. The flap can be harvested while ablation is being performed. In addition, a reliable, mobile, thin skin component can always be included to address the soft tissue reconstructive requirements. A chimeric design employing a portion of the soleus muscle can provide further reconstructive options. Ideally complete rehabilitation of the mandible involves placement of titanium osseointegrated implants, which allow dental restoration. Primary placement of implants is preferred in patients without cancer. Selection of candidates to receive osseointegrated implants is paramount. The temporomandibular joint remains a challenge to reconstruct adequately.
Engineering heap overflow exploits with JavaScript (2008)

This paper presents a new technique for exploiting heap overflows in JavaScript interpreters. Briefly, given a heap overflow, JavaScript commands can be used to insure that a function pointer is reliably present for smashing, just after the overflown buffer. A case study serves to highlight the technique: the Safari exploit that the authors used to win the 2008 CanSecWest Pwn2Own contest. 1
Dihydropyridine-Sensitive Ca2+ Channels (1986)

[3H]Desmethoxyverapamil, (S/-)[3H]bepridil, and d-cis-[3H]diltiazem bind to skeletal muscle transverse-tubule (T-tubule) membranes with affinity constants in the range of 2-50 nM and with Bmax values of the order of 50-80 pmol/mg of protein. These drugs are mutually competitive and modulate allosterically the 1,4-dihydropyridine binding. The molecular size of the native [3H]nitrendipine receptor of T-tubule membranes has been determined using the radiation inactivation technique. The [3H]nitrendipine receptor was found to have a Mr of 210,000 +/- 20,000. Photoaffinity labelling using (+)[3H]PN 200-110 indicates the presence in the dihydropyridine receptor of a polypeptide (or polypeptides) of Mr 170,000 +/- 5,000. The 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1 propane sulfonate (CHAPS) solubilization of the T-tubule membranes preserved the binding properties of the different drugs to the calcium channel. The dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel has been substantially purified by a combination of ion exchange chromatography, lectin affinity chromatography, and gel filtration. The purified material contained polypeptides of apparent molecular weights of 142,000, 32,000, and 33,000, which copurified with (+)[3H]PN 200-110 binding activity. Two stages in which there is an increased binding of [3H]nitrendipine have been observed during chick myogenesis in ovo. The first one occurs during embryonic life and has the same properties as in the in vitro development. The second stage occurs near hatching and corresponds to a large increase in the number of nitrendipine receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reactions of Elemental Sulfur. I. The Uncatalyzed Reaction of Sulfur with Triarylphosphines1 (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Elemental Sulfur. I. The Uncatalyzed Reaction of Sulfur with Triarylphosphines1Paul D. Bartlett and Garbis MeguerianCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 15, 3710–3715Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01596a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01596a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1492Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Craniosynostosis in Growing Children : Pathophysiological Changes and Neurosurgical Problems (2016)

Craniosynostosis is defined as the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures resulting in skull deformity. Characteristically, this disorder can cause diverse neurosurgical problems, as well as abnormal skull shape. Intracranial hypertension, hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation and neuropsychological dysfunction are the major neurosurgical concerns in children with craniosynostosis. In this review article, we investigate pathophysiology, characteristics and proper neurosurgical management of these neurosurgical issues, respectively.
Molecular beacons: a new approach for semiautomated mutation analysis (1998)

Molecular beacons are oligonucleotide probes that become fluorescent upon hybridization. We designed molecular beacons to detect a point mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, a mutation that has been related to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and neural tube defects. The application of molecular beacons enables fast, semiautomated, accurate mutation detection. Moreover, the procedure is performed in a closed tube system, thereby avoiding carryover contamination. We believe these probes will find their way into nucleic acid research and diagnostics.
Monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies as functional internal images of enzyme active sites: production of a catalytic antibody with a cholinesterase activity. (1993)

Monoclonal antibody 9A8 was selected by immunizing mice with AE-2, a monoclonal antibody directed against the active site of acetylcholinesterase. In accordance with the idiotypic network theory, monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody 9A8 displayed internal-image properties of the original immunogen, the acetylcholinesterase active site. Hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine and related esters of thiocholine by 9A8 follows saturation kinetics and kinetic parameters were determined. The hydrolytic activity is characterized by a lowered kcat value (81 s-1) and an increased Km value (0.6 mM) when compared with the original enzyme. However, the rate acceleration (kcat/kuncat = 4.15 x 10(8) remains higher than for the esterase activities usually described for catalytic antibodies directed against transition-state analogs. The 9A8 activity exhibits a relaxation of specificity toward both substrates and inhibitors. This specificity does not correspond to a known enzymatic activity. The anti-idiotypic approach should be valuable for producing different structural and functional copies of the same enzyme active site. This should allow further insights into structure-activity relationships. Furthermore, use of chemically modified enzymes as immunogens may result in anti-idiotypic antibodies with catalytic activities not found in the native enzymes.
Anaerobic Expression ofEscherichia coliSuccinate Dehydrogenase: Functional Replacement of Fumarate Reductase in the Respiratory Chain during Anaerobic Growth (1998)

Succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR) from Escherichia coli is expressed maximally during aerobic growth, when it catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and reduces ubiquinone in the membrane. The enzyme is similar in structure and function to fumarate reductase (menaquinol-fumarate oxidoreductase [QFR]), which participates in anaerobic respiration by E. coli. Fumarate reductase, which is proficient in succinate oxidation, is able to functionally replace SQR in aerobic respiration when conditions are used to allow the expression of the frdABCD operon aerobically. SQR has not previously been shown to be capable of supporting anaerobic growth of E. coli because expression of the enzyme complex is largely repressed by anaerobic conditions. In order to obtain expression of SQR anaerobically, plasmids which utilize the PFRD promoter of the frdABCD operon fused to the sdhCDAB genes to drive expression were constructed. It was found that, under anaerobic growth conditions where fumarate is utilized as the terminal electron acceptor, SQR would function to support anaerobic growth of E. coli. The levels of amplification of SQR and QFR were similar under anaerobic growth conditions. The catalytic properties of SQR isolated from anaerobically grown cells were measured and found to be identical to those of enzyme produced aerobically. The anaerobic expression of SQR gave a greater yield of enzyme complex than was found in the membrane from aerobically grown cells under the conditions tested. In addition, it was found that anaerobic expression of SQR could saturate the capacity of the membrane for incorporation of enzyme complex. As has been seen with the amplified QFR complex, E. coli accommodates the excess SQR produced by increasing the amount of membrane. The excess membrane was found in tubular structures that could be seen in thin-section electron micrographs.
Efficacy of the botanical extract (myrrh), chemical insecticides and their combinations on the cotton leafworm,Spodoptera littoralisboisd (lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (2000)

Effects of the botanical extract (myrrh), Commiphora molmol, and the sublethal treatments of profenofos/chlorofluazuron, fenvalerate and pyriproxyfen on the larvae of S. littoralis were investigated. The results showed that myrrh induced the highest activity after 7 days of treatment with concentration of 10000 ppm and the percentage of mortality reached 44.4%. The chemical insecticide profenofos/chlorofluazuron appeared to be the most effective treatment, giving a mortality of 54% after one day of treatment with a concentration of 100 ppm. Different treatments showed adverse effects on pupation, emerging adults and larval duration. The highest concentration of myrrh (10000 ppm) induced 35% pupation. No pupa was obtained with profenofos/chlorofluazuron while fenvalerate and pyriproxyfen gave 13.3% at 50 ppm. At 10000 ppm of myrrh, 25% adult was emerged, also fenvalerate and pyriproxyfen decreased the emerging moth to 13.3% at 50 ppm. For control there was no larval mortality at 7 days and the percentages of pupation and adult emergence were 90%. Bioassays were also conducted to test the joint action of myrrh applied in binary mixtures with each chemical insecticide on Spodoptera larvae. Results of the bioassay of mixtures indicated antagonistic effects on larval mortality. However, combination of myrrh with profenofos/chlorofluazuron showed additive effect. Also, the degree of pupation and emerging moth varied considerably when myrrh combined with the chemical insecticides. The present work shows the strong efficacy of the botanical extract (myrrh) which could be used alone or in combination with sublethal doses of certain insecticides to control the cotton leafworm.
Synthesis, Properties, and Structure of Tethered Molybdenum Alkylidenes (2008)

A new class of molybdenum alkylidenes has been prepared where the alkylidene is tethered to an imido ancillary ligand. The amine required for the synthesis is accessible in 38% yield in five steps from 1,3-diisopropylbenzene. The amine is then installed to generate the tethered alkylidene bis(triflate) complex, which was structurally characterized as its DME adduct. The triflates are replaced by hexafluoro-tert-butoxide groups using the thallium salt of the alkoxide, and the bis(alkoxide) was characterized as its quinuclidine adduct. For comparison, an alkylidene bis(alkoxide) was prepared without the tether and having a formula similar to that of the tethered system. The structures from X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy of the two complexes with and without the tether but with similar formulas are compared. The tether has the apparent effect, judging from JCH couplings in the alkylidene and angles in the solid-state structure, of reducing the strength of the α-agostic interaction. Four complexes were structurally characterized during this study: Mo[═N-2,4-Pri2C6H2-2-CH2CH2CMe2CH═](DME)(OTf)2, Mo(OButF6)2(quin)[═N-2,4-Pri2C6H2-2-CH2CH2CMe2CH═], Mo[N(2,4-Pri2-6-MeC6H2)]2(neopentyl)2, and Mo(OButF6)2(quin)[N(2,4-Pri2-6-MeC6H2)][═C(H)But].
Preparation and Reactions of 5-Carbethoxythieno[3,2-b]pyrrole and Some of Its Derivatives1,2 (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Reactions of 5-Carbethoxythieno[3,2-b]pyrrole and Some of Its Derivatives1,2Walter W. Gale, Alan N. Scott, and H. R. SnyderCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 8, 2160–2165Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01031a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01031a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views269Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preclinical Profile of VX-950, a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus NS3-4A Serine Protease (2006)

VX-950 is a potent, selective, peptidomimetic inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3-4A serine protease, and it demonstrated excellent antiviral activity both in genotype 1b HCV replicon cells (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 354 nM) and in human fetal hepatocytes infected with genotype 1a HCV-positive patient sera (IC50 = 280 nM). VX-950 forms a covalent but reversible complex with the genotype 1a HCV NS3-4A protease in a slow-on, slow-off process with a steady-state inhibition constant (K(i)*) of 7 nM. Dissociation of the covalent enzyme-inhibitor complex of VX-950 and genotype 1a HCV protease has a half-life of almost an hour. A >4-log10 reduction in the HCV RNA levels was observed after a 2-week incubation of replicon cells with VX-950, with no rebound of viral RNA observed after withdrawal of the inhibitor. In several animal species, VX-950 exhibits a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with high exposure in the liver. In a recently developed HCV protease mouse model, VX-950 showed excellent inhibition of HCV NS3-4A protease activity in the liver. Therefore, the overall preclinical profile of VX-950 supports its candidacy as a novel oral therapy against hepatitis C.
Exact calculation of the reflection coefficient for coated optical waveguide devices (1984)

We derive an exact solution to the problem of the reflection coefficient for a coated slab waveguide. A series of computer calculations apply these results to a λ = 1.3 μm InGaAsP laser with an active area of 0.2 micron, an active area index of refraction of 3.51, and a cladding index of refraction of 3.22. Our results show that the correction due to the index step is a few percent for an uncoated laser. For antireflection coatings (reflectivity less than 1 percent), the correction due to the index step is significant. These results are important in choosing coating indices and thicknesses when minimum reflectivities are desired (e.g., for a superluminescent diode). The results, calculated over a range of indices of refraction of the coating, show that the TE and TM reflectivities are minimized at about the same value of the index, 1.84. However, the coating thicknesses at which the reflectivity is minimized are different for the TE and TM case. For example, when the TE reflectivity is minimized, the TM reflectivity exceeds the TE reflectivity by over two orders of magnitude.
Separation of the Two Constituent Polypeptide Chains of Ricin D (1977)

Two constituent polypeptide chains were isolated from performic acid-oxidized ricin D by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, containing 8m urea or from reduced-carboxymethylated ricin D by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 followed by DEAE- cellulose column chromatography in Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.5. Amino acid analyses of the isolated two chains revealed that they were distinct molecules possessing similar molecular weights of near 30,000 and linked by one disulfide bond in ricin D.