gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compressed Sensing Arrays for Frequency-Sparse Signal Detection and Geolocation (2009)

Compressed sensing (CS) can be used to monitor very wide bands when the received signals are sparse in some basis. We have developed a compressed sensing receiver architecture with the ability to detect, demodulate, and geolocate signals that are sparse in frequency. In this paper, we evaluate detection, reconstruction, and angle of arrival (AoA) estimation via Monte Carlo simulation and find that, using a linear 4- sensor array and undersampling by a factor of 8, we achieve near-perfect detection when the received signals occupy up to 5% of the bandwidth being monitored and have an SNR of 20 dB or higher. The signals in our band of interest include frequency-hopping signals detected due to consistent AoA. We compare CS array performance using sensor-frequency and space-frequency bases, and determine that using the sensor-frequency basis is more practical for monitoring wide bands. Though it requires that the received signals be sparse in frequency, the sensor-frequency basis still provides spatial information and is not affected by correlation between uncompressed basis vectors.
Therapeutic Antibodies ‐ from Past to Future (2014)

Today, therapeutic antibodies represent the most rapidly growing group of protein therapeutics, and marketed products are used to treat a very diverse set of disorders, including cancer, immune-mediated disorders and infectious diseases. While the first antibody therapy dates to the late 1890s, the real success of this class of drugs was realized only when recombinant methods for their generation and production became available. These methods, which allow the engineering of human or human-like forms, are matured today and are used to generate countless new drug candidates to a growing number of targets. Since approval of the first product in 1986, decreasing production costs and the ongoing advent of novel therapeutic strategies to increase antibody potency beyond the capability of a naked IgG, such as bispecific constructs or antibody–drug conjugates, promise a golden future for therapeutic antibodies in the next decades.
Metabolic adaptation of Escherichia coli during temperature‐induced recombinant protein production: 1. Readjustment of metabolic enzyme synthesis (2002)

The metabolic burden and the stress load resulting from temperature-induced production of human basic fibroblast growth factor is connected to an increase in the respiratory activity of recombinant Escherichia coli, thereby reducing the biomass yield. To study the underlying changes in metabolic enzyme synthesis rates, the radiolabeled proteom was subjected to two-dimen- sional gel electrophoresis. After temperature-induction, the cAMP-CRP controlled dehydrogenases of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (LpdA and SdhA) were induced four times, reaching a maximum 1 h after the temperature upshift. The more abundant tricarboxylic acid cycle dehydrogenases (Icd and Mdh) were initially produced at reduced rates but regained preshift rates within 30 min. The adenylate energy charge dropped immediately after the temperature upshift but recovered within 1 h. Similar profiles in dehydrogenase synthesis rates and adenylate energy charge were found in a control cultivation of a strain carrying the "empty" parental expression vector. Although both strains exhibited significant differences in growth pattern and respiration rates after the temperature upshift, the adaptation of the energetic state of the cells and the synthesis of enzymes from the energy-generating catabolic pathway did not seem to be affected by the strong overproduction of the recombinant growth factor. In contrast, the synthesis rates of enzymes belonging to the biosynthetic machinery, e.g., translational elongation factors, decreased more strongly in the culture synthesizing the recombinant protein. In control and producing culture, synthesis rates of elongation factors paralleled the respective growth rate profiles. Thus, cells seem to readjust their metabolic activities according to their energetic requirements and, if necessary, at the cost of their biosynthetic capabilities.
Phase correction of emission line Fourier transform spectra (1995)

The process of phase correction for emission line spectra with high signal-to-noise ratios has remained a surprisingly complicated problem that can seriously affect the precision of data derived from Fourier transform emission spectra. Traditional methods, using a low resolution phase spectrum can produce spectra that show systematic errors in line positions and profiles. An improved phase correction strategy has been developed for and tested with infrared, visible, and ultraviolet emission line sources. A carefully apodized transform of relatively high resolution provides the phase data. A discriminator is used to restrict the data to those points that have a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio to provide a reliable phase estimate, and a smooth phase function is obtained by fitting a polynomial to these points. Some characteristics of real interferograms that complicate this simple picture are discussed.
The true cost of antimicrobial resistance (2013)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Mosquitoes are important vectors of disease and require sources of carbohydrates for reproduction and survival. Unlike host-related behaviors of mosquitoes, comparatively less is understood about the mechanisms involved in nectar-feeding decisions, or how this sensory information is processed in the mosquito brain. Here we show that <i>Aedes</i> spp. mosquitoes, including <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, are effective pollinators of the <i>Platanthera obtusata</i> orchid, and demonstrate this mutualism is mediated by the orchid’s scent and the balance of excitation and inhibition in the mosquito’s antennal lobe (AL). The <i>P. obtusata</i> orchid emits an attractive, nonanal-rich scent, whereas related <i>Platanthera</i> species – not visited by mosquitoes – emit scents dominated by lilac aldehyde. Calcium imaging experiments in the mosquito AL revealed that nonanal and lilac aldehyde each respectively activate the LC2 and AM2 glomerulus, and remarkably, the AM2 glomerulus is also sensitive to DEET, a mosquito repellent. Lateral inhibition between these two glomeruli reflects the level of attraction to the orchid scents: whereas the enriched nonanal scent of <i>P. obtusata</i> activates the LC2 and suppresses AM2, the high level of lilac aldehyde in the other orchid scents inverts this pattern of glomerular activity, and behavioral attraction is lost. These results demonstrate the ecological importance of mosquitoes beyond operating as disease vectors and open the door towards understanding the neural basis of mosquito nectar-seeking behaviors. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> Nectar-feeding by mosquitoes is important for survival and reproduction, and hence disease transmission. However, we know little about the sensory mechanisms that mediate mosquito attraction to sources of nectar, like those of flowers, or how this information is processed in the mosquito brain. Using a unique mutualism between <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes and <i>Platanthera obtusata</i> orchids, we reveal that this mutualism is mediated by the orchid’s scent. Furthermore, lateral inhibition in the mosquito’s antennal (olfactory) lobe – via the neurotransmitter GABA – is critical for the representation of the scent. These results have implications toward understanding the olfactory basis of mosquito-nectar-seeking behaviors.
Presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations may predict clinical response to hypomethylating agents in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (2015)

Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 occur in 15-20% of AML cases, resulting in the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate, which promotes aberrant hypermethylation of DNA in leukemic cells. Although these mutations have been shown to have prognostic implications for patients with AML, optimal treatment strategies have yet to be defined. We retrospectively identified forty-two patients with AML treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTIs) decitabine (n = 36) or azacitidine (n = 6) and performed analysis of stored samples for the presence of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations. Of the forty-two samples analyzed, seven (16.7%) had IDH mutations. Thirteen patients (31%) achieved remission [(complete remission (CR)/complete remission with incomplete count recovery (CRi)/partial response (PR)] after treatment with a DNMTI, five of seven (71.4%) with IDH mutations and eight of thirty-five (22.9%) without IDH mutations (P = 0.01). When adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, bone marrow blast percentage and cytogenetic, the odds of achieving response after administration of a DNMTI among patients with an IDH mutation was 14.2 when compared to patients without an IDH mutation (95%CI: 1.3-150.4). IDH1 and IDH2 mutations may predict a favorable response to DNMTI in patients with AML.
The effect of thrombopoietin on the proliferation and differentiation of murine hematopoietic stem cells (1996)

In this study, we explored whether thrombopoietin (Tpo) has a direct in vitro effect on the proliferation and differentiation of long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LTR-HSC). We previously reported a cell separation method that uses the fluorescence-activated cell sorter selection of low Hoescht 33342/low Rhodamine 123 (low Ho/low Rh) fluorescence cell fractions that are highly enriched for LTR-HSC and can reconstitute lethally irradiated recipients with fewer than 20 cells. Low Ho/low Rh cells clone with high proliferative potential in vitro in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF) + interleukin-3 (IL-3) + IL-6 (90% to 100% HPP-CFC). Tpo alone did not induce proliferation of these low Ho/low Rh cells. However, in combination with SCF or IL-3, Tpo had several synergistic effects on cell proliferation. When Tpo was added to single growth factors (either SCF or IL-3 or the combination of both), the time required for the first cell division of low Ho/low Rh cells was significantly shortened and their cloning efficiency increased substantially. Moreover, the subsequent clonal expansion at the early time points of culture was significantly augmented by Tpo. Low Ho/low Rh cells, when assayed in agar directly after sorting, did not form megakaryocyte colonies in any growth condition tested. Several days of culture in the presence of multiple cytokines were required to obtain colony-forming units-megakaryocyte (CFU-Mk). In contrast, more differentiated, low Ho/high Rh cells, previously shown to contain short-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (STR-HSC), were able to form megakaryocyte colonies in agar when cultured in Tpo alone directly after sorting. These data establish that Tpo acts directly on primitive hematopoietic stem cells selected using the Ho/Rh method, but this effect is dependent on the presence of pluripotent cytokines. These cells subsequently differentiate into CFU-Mk, which are capable of responding to Tpo alone. Together with the results of previous reports of its effects on erythroid progenitors, these results suggest that the effects of Tpo on hematopoiesis are greater than initially anticipated.
Explicit reversible integrators for extended systems dynamics (1996)

Explicit reversible integrators, suitable for use in large-scale computer simulations, are derived for extended systems generating the canonical and isothermal-isobaric ensembles. The new methods are compared with the standard implicit (iterative) integrators on some illustrative example problems. In addition, modification of the proposed algorithms for multiple time step integration is outlined.
Interfacial Recombination Processes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Methods To Passivate the Interfaces (2001)

Conventional dye-sensitized solar cells function efficiently only with a single redox couple, I-/I2, because of the unusually slow kinetics for I2 reduction on SnO2 and TiO2 surfaces. When faster redox couples such as ferrocene/ferrocenium are employed, the rapid interfacial recombination of photoinjected electrons with the oxidized half of the redox couple eliminates the photovoltaic effect. To make use of other, perhaps more appropriate, redox couples in these cells, the interfacial recombination processes must be understood and controlled. Charge recombination at the SnO2/solution interface is clearly distinguishable from recombination at the nanoporous TiO2/solution interface. Dark current measurements probe mainly the former reaction, although the latter may be the dominant recombination mechanism under illumination. We introduce two methods for passivating the interfaces that decrease the recombination rates by orders of magnitude. One method involves electropolymerization of an insulating film of poly(phenylene oxide-co-2-allylphenylene oxide) on the solvent-exposed parts of the SnO2 surface. The other involves treating the dye-sensitized film with reactive methyltrichlorosilane vapor that forms an insulating film of poly(methylsiloxane) on both the exposed TiO2 and SnO2 surfaces. These methods make it possible for the first time to use kinetically fast redox couples in dye-sensitized solar cells, and they may facilitate the development of a viable solid-state version of these cells.
Shape-Selective Discrimination of Small Organic Molecules (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTShape-Selective Discrimination of Small Organic MoleculesAvijit Sen and Kenneth S. SuslickView Author Information School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 601 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 46, 11565–11566Publication Date (Web):November 5, 2000Publication History Received3 January 2000Revised3 October 2000Published online5 November 2000Published inissue 22 November 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja000002jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja000002jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views853Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Ethers,Ligation,Pyrroles,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
QUANTITATIVE ISOLATION OF PURIFIED ACIDIC GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS FROM RAT SKIN (1967)

A simple method is proposed for the quantitative isolation of purified glycosaminoglycans from 1- to 3-g samples of rat skin. The cetylpyridinium complex of the polysaccharide is isolated from a clarified papain digest of fresh skin. After recovery of the glycosaminoglycan from the complex, residual protein is removed by treatment, in sequence, with sodium hydroxide, phenol, and trichloroacetic acid. The product contains only small amounts of non-hexosamine nitrogen.The optimal conditions for each step of the procedure were developed by systematic experimentation. The apparent loss of carbazole–borosulfuric chromogen in the formation of cetylpyridinium chloride complex (CPC) seems unlikely to be due to glycosaminoglycan; no other significant losses occurred. The recovery of added glycosaminoglycans was close to theory. The method gave results agreeing well with those for standard published procedures. Trial applications revealed the method to be barely precise enough to distinguish between animals.
The role of surface wettability on hepatocyte adhesive interactions and function (2001)

In this paper the effect of surface wettability on hepatocyte morphology and function was studied, using clean and octadecylsylane (ODS)-coated glass as a model for hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, respectively. C3A cells--a hepatoblastoma cell line, and freshly obtained porcine hepatocytes were cultured for a short-time period of up to 4 days on the above substrata. Hepatocyte adhesive interactions were characterized monitoring the initial cell attachment, the overall cell morphology, the formation of focal adhesions, and actin filaments. Since hepatocytes showed a clear tendency for homotypic adhesion on ODS, specific E-cadherin staining was used to visualize the intercellular contacts by immunofluorescence microscopy. Additionally, functional assays were carried out to monitor proliferation, metabolic activity, and albumin synthesis of C3A cells. It could be shown that both C3A cells and normal porcine hepatocytes spread better on hydrophilic glass; spreading being accompanied by the development of pronounced actin stress fibers and focal adhesion contacts. In contrast, on hydrophobic substrata predominant cell-cell interactions took place which led to intense E-cadherin staining in the intercellular contacts of porcine hepatocytes but not in C3A cells. On the other hand, metabolic activity and growth of C3A cells were reduced on hydrophobic ODS, but albumin synthesis was similar on both surfaces. It was concluded that the wettability of materials has a strong influence on the attachment and morphology of hepatocytes while the influence of surface properties on the functional activity of hepatocytes still remains to be elucidated.
Optimum operation of asymmetrical-cells-based linear Doherty power Amplifiers-uneven power drive and power matching (2005)

We developed a Doherty amplifier with uneven input drive and optimized individual matching for the carrier and peaking cells. In the proposed amplifier, higher input power is delivered to the peaking cell rather than the carrier cell for optimized linear power operation, especially for appropriate load modulation. Both cells are matched differently to further optimize the performance. We analyzed the efficiency of the proposed amplifier as a function of the input drive ratio for the two cells. To interpret the linearity related to the load modulation and harmonic cancellation mechanisms, we simulated the third-order intermodulation amplitude and phase of each cell of the proposed amplifier. For verification, we implemented the asymmetric power amplifier with uneven drive and optimized power matching using Motorola's MRF281SR1 LDMOSFET with a 4-W peak envelope power. For a 2.14-GHz forward-link wireless code-division multiple-access signal, the measured drain efficiency of the amplifier is 40%, and the measured average output power is 33 dBm at an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of -35 dBc, while those of the comparable class-AB amplifier are 21% and 30.6 dBm at the same ACLR level, respectively.
Sustained photosynthetic conversion of CO2 to ethylene in recombinant cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 (2012)

Ethylene is the most widely produced petrochemical feedstock globally. It is currently produced exclusively from fossil fuels, and its production is the largest CO2-emitting process in the chemical industry. In this study, we report on a photobiological process for sustained production of ethylene from CO2. The efe gene encoding an ethylene-forming enzyme from Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolicola was previously expressed in cyanobacterial strains, but was not stable. We modified the gene sequence to enhance its stability, and expressed it in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, leading to continuous ethylene production. The same ethylene production rate was sustained across four successive sub-cultures without apparent loss of ethylene-forming ability. Up to 5.5% of the fixed carbon was directed to ethylene synthesis, surpassing the published carbon-partition rate into the TCA cycle. Nitrogen- and phosphorus-enriched seawater can support both growth and ethylene production. Factors limiting ethylene production, including efe expression levels, light intensity and nutrient status, were identified and alleviated, resulting in a peak production rate of 5650 μL L−1 h−1 (7125 μg L−1 h−1, 252 μmol L−1 h−1, or 171 mg L−1 day−1), which is higher than that reported for other algae biofuels and chemicals. This study suggests that Synechocystis, expressing the modified efe gene, has potential to be an efficient biological catalyst for the uptake and conversion of CO2 to ethylene.
Optimization of Cellular Activity of G9a Inhibitors 7-Aminoalkoxy-quinazolines (2011)

Protein lysine methyltransferase G9a plays key roles in the transcriptional repression of a variety of genes via dimethylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me2) of chromatin as well as dimethylation of nonhistone proteins including tumor suppressor p53. We previously reported the discovery of UNC0321 (3), the most potent G9a inhibitor to date, via structure-based design and structure-activity relationship (SAR) exploration of the quinazoline scaffold represented by BIX01294 (1). Despite its very high in vitro potency, compound 3 lacks sufficient cellular potency. The design and synthesis of several generations of new analogues aimed at improving cell membrane permeability while maintaining high in vitro potency resulted in the discovery of a number of novel G9a inhibitors such as UNC0646 (6) and UNC0631 (7) with excellent potency in a variety of cell lines and excellent separation of functional potency versus cell toxicity. The design, synthesis, and cellular SAR of these potent G9a inhibitors are described.
MPC-6827: A Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Microtubule Formation That Is Not a Substrate for Multidrug Resistance Pumps (2007)

A novel series of 4-arylaminoquinazolines were identified from a cell-based screening assay as potent apoptosis inducers. Through structure-activity relationship studies, MPC-6827 and its close structural analogue, MPI-0441138, were discovered as proapoptotic molecules and mitotic inhibitors with potencies at low nanomolar concentrations in multiple tumor cell lines. Photoaffinity and radiolabeled analogues of MPC-6827 were found to bind a 55-kDa protein, and this binding was competed by MPC-6827, paclitaxel, and colchicine, but not vinblastine. MPC-6827 effectively inhibited the polymerization of tubulin in vitro, competed with colchicine binding, and disrupted the formation of microtubules in a variety of tumor cell lines, which together showed the molecular target as tubulin. Treatment of MCF-7 breast carcinoma or Jurkat leukemia cells with MPC-6827 led to pronounced G2-M cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis. Apoptosis, as determined by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, was preceded by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c translocation from mitochondria to nuclei, activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. MPC-6827 was equipotent in an in vitro growth inhibition assay in several cancer cell lines regardless of the expression levels of the multidrug resistance ABC transporters MDR-1 (Pgp-1), MRP-1, and BCRP-1. In B16-F1 allografts and in OVCAR-3, MIAPaCa-2, MCF-7, HT-29, MDA-MB-435, and MX-1 xenografts, statistically significant tumor growth inhibition was observed with MPC-6827. These studies show that MPC-6827 is a microtubule-disrupting agent with potent and broad-spectrum in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activities and, therefore, MPC-6827 is a promising candidate for development as a novel therapeutic for multiple cancer types.