gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunization against anthrax with Bacillus anthracis protective antigen combined with adjuvants (1992)

The protective efficacy of immunization against anthrax with Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) combined with different adjuvants was tested in Hartley guinea pigs and CBA/J and A/J mice. Adjuvant components derived from microbial products that were tested included threonyl-muramyl dipeptide (threonyl-MDP); monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL); trehalose dimycolate (TDM); and the delipidated, deproteinized, cell wall skeleton (CWS) from either Mycobacterium phlei or the BCG strain of Mycobacterium bovis. Non-microbially derived adjuvants tested included aluminum hydroxide and the lipid amine CP-20,961. In guinea pigs, all adjuvants and adjuvant mixtures enhanced antibody titers to PA as well as survival after a parenteral challenge of virulent B. anthracis Ames spores. In contrast, PA alone or combined with either aluminum hydroxide or CP-20,961 failed to protect mice. Vaccines containing PA combined with threonyl-MDP or MPL-TDM-CWS protected a majority of female CBA/J mice. Statistical analysis of survival data in the guinea pigs indicated that PA-MPL-CWS and PA-MPL-TDM-CWS were more efficacious than the currently licensed human anthrax vaccine.
Dai principi alle regole. Eguaglianza e divieti di discriminazione nella disciplina dei rapporti di lavoro (2001)

Prefazione. - I Del divieto di discriminare. Basi giuridiche e ragioni economiche. - II Diritti della persona e tutela antidiscriminatoria nel rapporto di lavoro. - Sez. I: Fattori di rischio e modelli giuridici. - Sez. II: Divieti di discriminazione e stabilità nel posto di lavoro. - III Azioni positive e mainstreaming come strumenti di eguaglianza. - IV Conclusioni. - Abbreviazioni. - Riferimenti bibliografici.
C‐Mannich‐Basen des 5‐Hydroxybenzimidazols (1975)

Abstract 5‐Hydroxybenzimidazol ( 3 ) läßt sich mit aliphatischen und cyclischen sekundären Aminen in Ausbeuten zwischen 20 und 60% d. Th. zu 4‐Aminomethyl‐5‐hydroxy‐benzimidazolen 4 umsetzen, die relativ stabil sind. Die Bildung der neuen Mannich‐Basen erfolgt durch Aminomethylierung mit resonanzstabilisierten Carbenium‐immonium‐ionen.
Plerixafor (a CXCR4 antagonist) following myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation enhances hematopoietic recovery (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01280955.
Helping Hand or Hidden Hurdle: Proxy-Assisted HTTP-Based Adaptive Streaming Performance (2013)

HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming (HAS) has become a widely-used video delivery technology. Use of HTTP enables relatively easy firewall/NAT traversal and content caching. While caching is an important aspect of HAS, there is not much public research on the performance impact proxies and their policies have on HAS. In this paper we build an experimental framework using open source Squid proxies and the most recent Open Source Media Framework (OSMF). A range of content-aware policies can be implemented in the proxies and tested, while the player software can be instrumented to measure performance as seen at the client. Using this framework, the paper makes three main contributions. First, we present a scenario-based performance evaluation of the latest version of the OSMF player. Second, we quantify the benefits using different proxy-assisted solutions, including basic best effort policies and more advanced content quality aware prefetching policies. Finally, we present and evaluate a cooperative framework in which clients and proxies share information to improve performance. In general, the bottleneck location and network conditions play central roles in which policy choices are most advantageous, as they significantly impact the relative performance differences between policy classes. We conclude that careful design and policy selection is important when trying to enhance HAS performance using proxy assistance.
Molecular approaches to the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (2011)

This article reviews recent progress in the exploitation of carbon dioxide as a chemical feedstock. In particular, the design and development of molecular complexes that can act as catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO(2) is highlighted, and compared to other biological, metal- and non-metal-based systems.
Pseudomorphic InAsSb multiple quantum well injection laser emitting at 3.5 μm (1996)

A pseudomorphic, compressively strained InAs0.94Sb0.06 multiple quantum well injection laser, emitting in the 3.5–3.6 μm range is reported. The device was grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, and x-ray and optical characterization indicate that the active region has a very low dislocation density. In pulsed mode, the laser operated at 135 K and displayed a characteristic temperature of 33 K, equaling the highest value reported for molecular-beam epitaxy grown, InAsSb/InAlAsSb active region lasers of comparable wavelength. Factors limiting the performance of these lasers are discussed.
A Video Codec Transmitter (1981)

The transmitter of a video codec system is designed and realized in ECL hardware. This video codec system is capable of carrying one commercial NTSC color television channel with a program audio channel at a rate of 42.9 Mb/s. The transmitter interfaces with a DPCM processor. The transmitter removes the horizontal blanking interval from the composite television signal, converts the quantized difference signal from the DPCM processor into 4/8-bit dual length code and buffers the codes for constant rate transmission. A line synchronization code is multiplexed with audio and video codes to form a serial data link at 42.9 Mb/s. This can be transmitted on a T3 (44.7 Mb/s) digital carrier. The transmitter is composed of four functional units: controller, coder, buffer and multiplexer. This paper describes the design, layout, testing and evaluation of the high speed digital system that results in 2 to 1 data compression of the digital video.
Stable expression of mammalian type A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in mouse cells: demonstration of functional assembly of benzodiazepine-responsive sites. (1992)

The differential sensitivity of type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors to benzodiazepine ligands seen in the mammalian nervous system is thought to be generated by the existence of a number of different receptor subtypes, assembled from a range of closely related subunits (alpha 1-6, beta 1-3, gamma 1-3, and delta) encoded by discrete genes. The characteristics of a given subtype can be determined by the coexpression of cloned cDNAs encoding the subunits of interest. Two transient expression systems have so far been employed in the study of the ligand-binding characteristics and chloride channel properties of such GABAA receptors--Xenopus oocytes and transfected mammalian cells. Here we report on the use of a steroid-inducible promoter expression system for the production of a permanently transfected clonal cell line expressing the alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2L GABAA receptor subtype. Using both immunoprecipitation by subunit-specific antisera and gel-exclusion chromatography, we have shown that the alpha 1, beta 1, and gamma 2L subunits coassemble to form receptor macromolecules that are of the same size as native GABAA receptors. Additionally, the recombinant receptors have the same benzodiazepine pharmacology as native alpha 1-containing GABAA receptors and function as GABA-gated chloride channels. Such cell lines expressing individual GABAA receptor subtypes will prove important tools in the study of the structure, function, and pharmacology of GABAA receptors and in the development of subtype-specific drugs.
Highly Conductive Siloxane Polymers (2001)

A series of double-comb, disubstituted polysiloxane polymers have been prepared containing oligoethylene oxide units, CH3(OCH2CH2)n(CH2)3−, in the side chains. These polymers were doped with LiN(SO2CF3)2 (LiTFSI, 1), and conductivities of the polymer-salt complexes were determined as a function of temperature and doping level. Conductivities increase with n up to n = 6 and then decrease. The maximum conductivity of the polymer with n = 6 at 25 °C was 4.5 × 10-4, the highest value yet recorded for a lithium-doped polymer electrolyte.
Abnormal mitochondrial function and muscle wasting, but normal contractile efficiency, in haemodialysed patients studied non-invasively in vivo (2004)

The relationships to urea reduction ratio reflect the effect of muscle mass on dialysis efficiency, rather than direct effects on muscle CSA or metabolism. The relationship between PCr recovery and calf CSA suggests a role for the mitochondrial defect, whatever its cause, in the development of muscle wasting, although a common cause (e.g. physical inactivity) for both abnormalities cannot be ruled out.
Characterization of different strains of poliovirus and influenza virus by differential scanning calorimetry (2005)

Vaccines against poliomyelitis and influenza contain inactivated forms of poliovirus and influenza virus. These antigens are generated on an industrial scale from the purified active viruses that have been analysed in this study by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). Multiple unfolding transitions are seen for influenza virus A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1), A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) and B/Shangdong/7/97. These data, combined with previously reported data on other influenza viruses, indicates that each influenza virus strain has a characteristic unfolding behaviour. Only minor changes were seen in the thermogram of betaPL (beta-propiolactone)-inactivated influenza virus, which is consistent with the proposition that betaPL reacts mainly with the nucleotide fraction of the virus. We demonstrate that a peak annotation of the thermogram of the native virus is possible using bromelain-treated virus and virosomes. At pH 1.5-2.5, poliovirus of type I unfolds in a single unfolding event with respective Tm (midpoint of protein unfolding transition) values between 34 and 45 degrees C. At pH 2, polioviruses of type II unfold equally in a single event, but, compared with the type I virus, with a Tm value increased by 3.7 degrees C. At neutral pH, the DSC thermogram of type I poliovirus was very 'noisy'. Data obtained offer the possibility of precisely characterizing and identifying different viral strains.
Adapting arbitrary normal mutation distributions in evolution strategies: the covariance matrix adaptation (2002)

A new formulation for coordinate system independent adaptation of arbitrary normal mutation distributions with zero mean is presented. This enables the evolution strategy (ES) to adapt the correct scaling of a given problem and also ensures invariance with respect to any rotation of the fitness function (or the coordinate system). Especially rotation invariance, here resulting directly from the coordinate system independent adaptation of the mutation distribution, is an essential feature of the ES with regard to its general applicability to complex fitness functions. Compared to previous work on this subject, the introduced formulation facilitates an interpretation of the resulting mutation distribution, making sensible manipulation by the user possible (if desired). Furthermore it enables a more effective control of the overall mutation variance (expected step length).
Adsorbed .omega.-hydroxy thiol monolayers on gold electrodes: evidence for electron tunneling to redox species in solution (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorbed .omega.-hydroxy thiol monolayers on gold electrodes: evidence for electron tunneling to redox species in solutionCary Miller, Pierre Cuendet, and Michael GraetzelCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 2, 877–886Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100155a072https://doi.org/10.1021/j100155a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1964Altmetric-Citations411LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Toward a unified theory of modulation part I: Phase-envelope relationships (1966)

Classical modulation theory deals mainly with single-parameter proportional modulation techniques, i.e., with processes such as AM and FM, wherein the amplitude or angle of a sinusoidal carrier wave is varied as a linear function of an information signal. Classical modulation theory has been immensely useful, but it is a restrictive theory because it can deal tractably with only a limited class of possible modulation processes. In this paper we seek to take the first few steps toward a broader and more unified theory of modulation--a theory which will encompass several recently proposed hybrid modulation schemes as well as conventional techniques, which will suggest new modulation processes, and which might lead toward unification of modulation theory and coding theory. The paper is divided into two parts. Part I is devoted to theoretical development as summarized below. The results of Part I are applied in Part II to study modulation processes per se. The paper as a whole is in the nature of a wide ranging survey rather than a rigorously detailed analysis. The most general form of modulated wave exhibits simultaneous phase and envelope fluctuations. In the first half of Part I, equations are developed to describe phase-envelope relationships when the wave is band-limited. These equations prove to be intimately dependent on the real and complex zeros of the wave. Real zeros ("zero crossings") are familiar physical attributes. Complex zeros, however, are physically rather covert and are a concept foreign to many engineers. Both kinds of zeros are easy to interpret mathematically in terms of the factorization of a Fourier series. In the second half of Part I, three simple examples are used to illustrate relationships between zeros, spectra, envelopes, and phase functions. These examples lead to operational procedures for representing signals in terms of zeros and, most importantly, to a viewpoint wherein zeros are regarded as fundamental informational attributes of signals. This viewpoint leads, in Part II, to the concept of modulation as zero manipulation.
Glossary of class names of polymers based on chemical structure and molecular architecture (IUPAC Recommendations 2009) (2009)

Abstract This document defines class names of polymers based on the class names of starting monomers and characteristic features of the chemical constitution of polymer molecules (macromolecules), i.e., class names that have gained general acceptance in the polymer and material literature, science and technology as well as in public. The glossary is divided into three parts: Source-based class names, which identify common classes of starting monomers such as "acrylic", "diene", "phenolic", "vinylic". Class names based on chemical structure, which identify characteristic groups in the main chains (backbones) of the polymer molecules such as (i) inter-unit groups derived from functional groups, e.g., "amide", "ester", "ether"; (ii) a specific group of atoms, e.g., "alkenylene", "siloxane", "sulfone"; (iii) ring structures, e.g., "benzimidazole", "benzoxazole", "quinoxaline". Class names based on molecular architecture, which identify mainly the overall shapes of polymer molecules through the type of their graphical representation such as "linear", "branched", "dendritic", "comb". Each part of the glossary is arranged in a non-hierarchical alphabetical order. Each entry provides: (a) the polymer class name; (b) its definition; (c) specific or generic examples including IUPAC names and a structure or graphical representation; (d) relations to other polymer classes and subclasses; (e) notes on the inclusion or exclusion of borderline cases. An alphabetical index of all class names is included.
Maintenance of hemopoietic stem cells and production of differentiated progeny in allogeneic and semiallogeneic bone marrow chimeras in vitro. (1977)

A culture system is described in which bone marrow-derived adherent cells can support prolonged proliferation and differentiation of genetically incompatible stem cells and precursor cells. The results suggest that the reactive cells responsible in vivo for host transplantation resistance and for graft-versus-host disease are selectively lost or inhibited in such cultures, which may provide a vehicle for studying some of the cellular mechanisms involved in transplantation resistance.
Singing voice detection in music tracks using direct voice vibrato detection (2009)

In this paper we investigate the problem of locating singing voice in music tracks. As opposed to most existing methods for this task, we rely on the extraction of the characteristics specific to singing voice. In our approach we suppose that the singing voice is characterized by harmonicity, formants, vibrato and tremolo. In the present study we deal only with the vibrato and tremolo characteristics. For this, we first extract sinusoidal partials from the musical audio signal . The frequency modulation (vibrato) and amplitude modulation (tremolo) of each partial are then studied to determine if the partial corresponds to singing voice and hence the corresponding segment is supposed to contain singing voice. For this we estimate for each partial the rate (frequency of the modulations) and the extent (amplitude of modulation) of both vibrato and tremolo. A partial selection is then operated based on these values. A second criteria based on harmonicity is also introduced. Based on this, each segment can be labelled as singing or non-singing. Post-processing of the segmentation is then applied in order to remove short-duration segments. The proposed method is then evaluated on a large manually annotated test-set. The results of this evaluation are compared to the one obtained with a usual machine learning approach (MFCC and SFM modeling with GMM). The proposed method achieves very close results to the machine learning approach : 76.8% compared to 77.4% F-measure (frame classification). This result is very promising, since both approaches are orthogonal and can then be combined.
The Benefits of Experience in the Classroom (1999)

Occasionally in academic circles one hears how experience in the classroom is not important. Some would discount practical experience altogether. In some courses of study this may be true but in many technical aviation related courses, experience can be as valuable as the academic credentials. A good mix is ideal.
Comparison of Poly‐L‐Lactide and Polylactide Carbonate Interference Screws in an Ovine Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Model (2007)

This study shows both the satisfactory mechanical characteristics and osteoconductive nature of PLC used in an interference screw in an ovine anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model.
Pharmacokinetics of two rectal dosage forms of ketoprofen in patients after anal surgery. (1988)

Two kinds of dosage forms of commercially available suppositories containing ketoprofen (KP), fatty suppositories (FS) and gelatin capsulated suppositories (GCS), were administered to patients immediately after anal surgery, and results obtained were compared. No difference was found in each corresponding pharmacokinetic parameter of the two dosage forms. However, when these parameters were compared with those from healthy subjects, significant differences were found in the values of peak level (Cmax), peak time (Tmax) and terminal phase half-life (t1/2). Cmax decreased by one half, and Tmax and t1/2 increased two and four times longer, respectively, those from healthy subjects. The absorption rate constant (ka) in patients was significantly (p less than 0.01) smaller than that in healthy subjects. However, the distribution volume/bioavailability (Vd/F), elimination rate constant (kel), and area under the curve (AUC) differed only slightly. Consequently, the flip-flop phenomena could be seen in the time profiles of plasma KP concentration of patients. These results suggested that the rectal suppository of KP should be administered with care, especially in the patients operated on under spinal anesthesia.
In vivo imaging of hydrogen peroxide production in a murine tumor model with a chemoselective bioluminescent reporter (2010)

Living organisms produce hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to kill invading pathogens and for cellular signaling, but aberrant generation of this reactive oxygen species is a hallmark of oxidative stress and inflammation in aging, injury, and disease. The effects of H(2)O(2) on the overall health of living animals remain elusive, in part owing to a dearth of methods for studying this transient small molecule in vivo. Here we report the design, synthesis, and in vivo applications of Peroxy Caged Luciferin-1 (PCL-1), a chemoselective bioluminescent probe for the real-time detection of H(2)O(2) within living animals. PCL-1 is a boronic acid-caged firefly luciferin molecule that selectively reacts with H(2)O(2) to release firefly luciferin, which triggers a bioluminescent response in the presence of firefly luciferase. The high sensitivity and selectivity of PCL-1 for H(2)O(2), combined with the favorable properties of bioluminescence for in vivo imaging, afford a unique technology for real-time detection of basal levels of H(2)O(2) generated in healthy, living mice. Moreover, we demonstrate the efficacy of PCL-1 for monitoring physiological fluctuations in H(2)O(2) levels by directly imaging elevations in H(2)O(2) within testosterone-stimulated tumor xenografts in vivo. The ability to chemoselectively monitor H(2)O(2) fluxes in real time in living animals offers opportunities to dissect H(2)O(2)'s disparate contributions to health, aging, and disease.
Expression of Sindbis virus 26S cDNA in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells, using a baculovirus expression vector (1989)

To study protein processing in an insect Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; Sf9) cell line, a 26S cDNA encoding the sequence of Sindbis virus structural proteins (capsid protein, of 30 kilodaltons [kDa]; p62 [the precursor of E3 and E2], of 62 kDa; a 6-kDa peptide; and the E1 protein, of 56 kDa) was inserted into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) adjacent to the polyhedrin promoter. By immunoblot analysis with antisera directed against whole Sindbis virus and the individual structural proteins (capsid, E2, and E1), we have shown that polypeptides similar in size and antigenicity to those synthesized in Sindbis virus-infected BHK cells are expressed in Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus Ac373-SV26. By pulse-chase labeling in the presence or absence of tunicamycin, by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo-H) treatment of the recombinant glycoproteins, and by N-terminal sequence analysis of the E1 envelope glycoprotein, we have further shown that the 26S transcription translation unit of Sindbis virus, although normally encoded by nonnuclear RNA, is expressed and proteolytically cleaved similarly, if not identically, in Sf9 cells as compared with BHK cells when a baculovirus expression vector is used.