gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Clinical long-term studies on cefuzoname in patients with complicated urinary tract infections]. (1987)

Cefuzoname (CZON), a new semisynthetic cephalospolin antibiotic, was administered intravenously at a dose of 1.0 g twice a day for 14 days to 20 patients with complicated urinary tract infections and the therapeutic efficacy of the drug and safety were evaluated. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. After 5 days, clinical results were excellent in 7, moderate in 3 and poor in 9 cases. The overall effectiveness rate was 52.6%. Bacteriologically, 24 out of 32 isolated strains were susceptible to this drug, but 8 strains were found to be resistant. 2. After treatment, clinical results were excellent in 6, moderate in 3 and poor in 10 cases. The overall effectiveness was 47.4%. In bacteriological results of 32 isolated strains, 26 strains were eradicated and 6 strains persisted. 3. Among 20 cases treated none showed subjective or objective symptoms of side effects. Noted as clinical laboratory test abnormalities were eosinophilia in 1 case after 5 days, increase of S-GOT, gamma-GTP, and K in 1 case, and increase of S-creatinine in 1 case at the termination of treatment. All of these abnormalities were mild and normal values were restored soon after at the termination of the treatment.
Circulatory and Respiratory Effects of Adenosine Triphosphate in Man (1951)

The authors have studied the acute effects of the intravenous and intra-arterial injection of the sodium salt of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in man. Rapid injection causes a frightening sensation in the chest and hyperpnea. The changes found agree with those reported in cats and are consistent with the concept that adenosine triphosphate is a vasodilator in somatic structures but causes an increase in pulmonary vascular and possibly in splanchnic resistance. Its principal action seems to be pharmacologic rather than in its role as an intracellular metabolite.
Early-Life Sodium Exposure Unmasks Susceptibility to Stroke in Hyperlipidemic, Hypertensive Heterozygous Tg25 Rats Transgenic for Human Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (2009)

Early-life Na exposure exacerbated hypertension and unmasked stroke susceptibility, with greater female vulnerability in hypertensive, hyperlipidemic Tg25 rats. The reproducible modeling in stroke-prone Tg25 rats of carotid artery disease, cerebral hemorrhagic infarctions, neuronal ischemia, microhemorrhages, and microvascular alterations suggests a pathogenic spectrum with causal interrelationships. This "mixed-stroke" spectrum could represent paradigms of ischemic-hemorrhagic transformation and/or a microangiopathic basis for the association of ischemic lesions, microhemorrhages, and strokes in humans. Together, the data reveal early-life Na exposure to be a significant modifier of hypertension and stroke disease course and hence a potentially modifiable prevention target that deserves systematic study.
Computer-assisted mechanistic evaluation of organic reactions. 22. The generation and use of three-dimensional structures (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-assisted mechanistic evaluation of organic reactions. 22. The generation and use of three-dimensional structuresScott A. Gothe, Harold E. Helson, Iordanis Houdaverdis, Ingvar Lagerstedt, Shenna Sinclair, and William L. JorgensenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 19, 5081–5094Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00071a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00071a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Amplification of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 production by prostate cancer cell lines via activation of protease‐activated receptors (2004)

Preliminary studies show the activation of PAR-1 or PAR-2 produced increased levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in prostate cancer cell lines, indicating their potential role in the metastasis of prostate cancer cells.
Translational Mini-Review Series on Complement Factor H: Renal diseases associated with complement factor H: novel insights from humans and animals (2008)

Factor H is the major regulatory protein of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Abnormalities in factor H have been associated with renal disease, namely glomerulonephritis with C3 deposition including membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and the atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS). Furthermore, a common factor H polymorphism has been identified as a risk factor for the development of age-related macular degeneration. These associations suggest that alternative pathway dysregulation is a common feature in the pathogenesis of these conditions. However, with respect to factor H-associated renal disease, it is now clear that distinct molecular defects in the protein underlie the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and HUS. In this paper we review the associations between human factor H dysfunction and renal disease and explore how observations in both spontaneous and engineered animal models of factor H dysfunction have contributed to our understanding of the pathogenesis of factor H-related renal disease.
Challenges for Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTChallenges for Molecular Magnetic Resonance ImagingEnzo Terreno, Daniela Delli Castelli, Alessandra Viale, and Silvio Aime*View Author Information Department of Chemistry IFM and Molecular Imaging Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy* Corresponding author. Telephone: +39-011-6706451. Fax: +39-011-6706487. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 5, 3019–3042Publication Date (Web):April 23, 2010Publication History Received26 January 2010Published online23 April 2010Published inissue 12 May 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100025thttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100025treview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9387Altmetric-Citations702LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Magnetic resonance imaging,Metal oxide nanoparticles,Molecules,Nanoparticles,Probes Get e-Alerts
Ruling out and ruling in neural codes (2009)

The subject of neural coding has generated much debate. A key issue is whether the nervous system uses coarse or fine coding. Each has different strengths and weaknesses and, therefore, different implications for how the brain computes. For example, the strength of coarse coding is that it is robust to fluctuations in spike arrival times; downstream neurons do not have to keep track of the details of the spike train. The weakness, though, is that individual cells cannot carry much information, so downstream neurons have to pool signals across cells and/or time to obtain enough information to represent the sensory world and guide behavior. In contrast, with fine coding, individual cells can carry much more information, but downstream neurons have to resolve spike train structure to obtain it. Here, we set up a strategy to determine which codes are viable, and we apply it to the retina as a model system. We recorded from all the retinal output cells an animal uses to solve a task, evaluated the cells' spike trains for as long as the animal evaluates them, and used optimal, i.e., Bayesian, decoding. This approach makes it possible to obtain an upper bound on the performance of codes and thus eliminate those that are insufficient, that is, those that cannot account for behavioral performance. Our results show that standard coarse coding (spike count coding) is insufficient; finer, more information-rich codes are necessary.
Wild type measles virus attenuation independent of type I IFN (2008)

Thus, mutations in M and P/V/C proteins can critically affect MV pathogenicity, cellular tropism and lead to virus attenuation without interfering with the alpha/beta IFN system.
Efficacy of a New Neuroprotective Agent, Gacyclidine, in a Model of Rat Spinal Cord Injury (2000)

Prevention of the immediate excitotoxic phase occurring in response to spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major issue to reduce the neuronal damage responsible for any ensuing motor deficits. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of three noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists: Gacyclidine (GK-11), a new compound, Dizocilpine (MK-801), and Cerestat (CNS-1102) in a rat spinal cord contusion model. To mimic human SCI, a standardized model of rat spinal cord closed contusion in which animals spontaneously and progressively recover from the induced paraplegia was employed. Such model, characterized by a slow recovery of hindlimb locomotor function enables easy quantification of the neuroprotection at both the behavioral and cellular level. The animals were treated intravenously with the respective drugs 10 min after the spinal contusion. The dose range study suggested that 1 mg/kg of Gacyclidine was the most effective dose to promote functional recovery in reducing by half the time needed to reach full locomotor recovery. Racemate and enantiomers of Gacyclidine showed similar neuroprotective effects, but treatment with the enantiomers were not as efficacious in promoting full functional recovery. Similarly, a prolonged treatment with the racemate was not as efficious as a single dose, suggesting that a prolonged blockade of the amino-excitatory neurotransmission may be deleterious. Finally, Dizocilpine and Cerestat treatments induced only a partial and delayed neuroprotective effect compared to Gacyclidine. Neuroprotection characterized by a reduction of the cystic cavity and of the astrogliosis was observed with all treatments. As Gacyclidine is already in clinical trials, the present findings suggest the premise that it is a promising agent for limiting the initial neuronal damage induced by CNS trauma leading to better functional recovery.
Photodissociation studies of small peptide ions by Fourier transform mass spectrometry (1993)

Abstract Fourier transform mass spectrometry was used to study the 193 nm photodissociation of laser‐desorbed peptide ions. The output of an excimer laser was split and the two beams were directed sequentially at a sample probe to form ions, and through an aperture in the analyzer cell, to cause photodissociation of trapped ions. A solenoid‐driven shutter that is capable of rapid switching (30 ms) between the open and closed states allowed a single laser to be used for both desorption/ionization and photodissociation. Multiple laser pulses were required to fragment a significant fraction of the precursor ions (five pulses yielded 40% dissociation). Collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) mass spectra of the peptides were recorded and compared with the photodissociation mass spectra. Photo‐activation of peptide ions produced lower yields of fragment ions formed by loss of small molecules (H 2 O, NH 3 , CO, CO 2 ) than did CAD, and produced higher yields of structurally informative sequence ions. For most peptides, the efficiency of ion fragmentaton by photodissociation paralleled the condensed‐phase molar absorptivity of the peptide at 193 nm. A comparison of these data with those of previous studies suggested that both the ionization method and the observation time (dictated by the type of mass spectrometer) influence the appearance of the photodissociation mass spectrum.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC METHODS AND REACTIONS; PART 109. IMPROVED PREPARATION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES FROM N,N‐DIMETHYLAMIDES AND GRIGNARD REAGENTS (1984)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Grignardverbindungen (II) mit N,N‐Dimethylformamid (I), ‐acetamid (IV) bzw. ‐benzamid (VI) in etherischen Lösungsmitteln führt dann in guten Ausbeuten zu Carbonylverbindungen, wenn ein Überschuß an Grignardverbindung vermieden und Temperaturen von 0‐20°C eingehalten werden.
Pneumonia and Stress Ulceration in Severely Injured Patients (1993)

Stress ulcer prophylaxis is a routine aspect of the care of critically injured patients. Recent reports have suggested that patients undergoing prophylaxis with histamine antagonists are predisposed to nosocomial pneumonia, and that treatment with sucralfate can prevent this problem. An open, prospective randomized trial of three regimens was conducted with 278 evaluable patients. The patients were assigned to one of three group: the group receiving sucralfate, the group receiving a cimetidine hydrochloride bolus, and the group undergoing continuous infusion with cimetidine. Stress ulceration developed in 8% of patients in the sucralfate group, 13% of patients in the cimetidine bolus group, and 12% of patients in the cimetidine infusion group, while nosocomial pneumonia developed in 29% of patients in the sucralfate group, 32% of patients in the cimetidine bolus group, and 23% of patients in the cimetidine infusion group. Multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with pneumonia demonstrated independent significance for score on the Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, cord injury, shock, and head injury. Only spinal cord injury was associated with stress ulceration. We conclude that sucralfate and cimetidine are both effective for stress ulcer prophylaxis and that there is no association of cimetidine with nosocomial pneumonia.
ATP flux through creatine kinase in the normal, stressed, and failing human heart (2005)

The heart consumes more energy per gram than any other organ, and the creatine kinase (CK) reaction serves as its prime energy reserve. Because chemical energy is required to fuel systolic and diastolic function, the question of whether the failing heart is "energy starved" has been debated for decades. Despite the central role of the CK reaction in cardiac energy metabolism, direct measures of CK flux in the beating human heart were not previously possible. Using an image-guided molecular assessment of endogenous ATP turnover, we directly measured ATP flux through CK in normal, stressed, and failing human hearts. We show that cardiac CK flux in healthy humans is faster than that estimated through oxidative phosphorylation and that CK flux does not increase during a doubling of the heart rate-blood pressure product by dobutamine. Furthermore, cardiac ATP flux through CK is reduced by 50% in mild-to-moderate human heart failure (1.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.9 micromol/g of wet weight per sec, P <0.0005). We conclude that magnetic resonance strategies can now directly assess human myocardial CK energy flux. The deficit in ATP supplied by CK in the failing heart is cardiac-specific and potentially of sufficient magnitude, even in the absence of a significant reduction in ATP stores, to contribute to the pathophysiology of human heart failure. These findings support the pursuit of new therapies that reduce energy demand and/or augment energy transfer in heart failure and indicate that cardiac magnetic resonance can be used to assess their effectiveness.
Rapid Molecular Genetic Subtyping of Serotype M1 Group A Streptococcus Strains (1999)

Serotype M1 group A Streptococcus, the most common cause of invasive disease in many case series, generally have resisted extensive molecular subtyping by standard techniques (e.g., multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis). We used automated sequencing of the sic gene encoding streptococcal inhibitor of complement and of a region of the chromosome with direct repeat sequences to unambiguously differentiate 30 M1 isolates recovered from 28 patients in Texas with invasive disease episodes temporally clustered and thought to represent an outbreak. Sequencing of the emm gene was less useful for M1 strain differentiation, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with IS1548 or IS1562 as Southern hybridization probes did not provide epidemiologically useful subtyping information. Sequence polymorphism in the direct repeat region of the chromosome and IS1548 profiling data support the hypothesis that M1 organisms have two main evolutionary lineages marked by the presence or absence of the speA2 allele encoding streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A2.
The Average Body Surface Area of Adult Cancer Patients in the UK: A Multicentre Retrospective Study (2010)

The majority of chemotherapy drugs are dosed based on body surface area (BSA). No standard BSA values for patients being treated in the United Kingdom are available on which to base dose and cost calculations. We therefore retrospectively assessed the BSA of patients receiving chemotherapy treatment at three oncology centres in the UK between 1(st) January 2005 and 31(st) December 2005.A total of 3613 patients receiving chemotherapy for head and neck, ovarian, lung, upper GI/pancreas, breast or colorectal cancers were included. The overall mean BSA was 1.79 m(2) (95% CI 1.78-1.80) with a mean BSA for men of 1.91 m(2) (1.90-1.92) and 1.71 m(2) (1.70-1.72) for women. Results were consistent across the three centres. No significant differences were noted between treatment in the adjuvant or palliative setting in patients with breast or colorectal cancer. However, statistically significant, albeit small, differences were detected between some tumour groups.In view of the consistency of results between three geographically distinct UK cancer centres, we believe the results of this study may be generalised and used in future costings and budgeting for new chemotherapy agents in the UK.
Time evolution of enhanced ultrasonic reflection using a fibrin-targeted nanoparticulate contrast agent (2000)

Complex molecular signaling heralds the early stages of pathologies such as angiogenesis, inflammation, unstable atherosclerotic plaques, and areas of remote thrombi. In previous studies, acoustic enhancement of blood clot morphology was demonstrated with the use of a nongaseous, fibrin-targeted acoustic nanoparticle emulsion delivered to areas of thrombosis both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, a system was designed and constructed that allows visualization of the evolution of acoustic contrast enhancement. To evaluate the system, two targets were examined: avidin-complexed nitrocellulose membrane and human plasma clots. The time evolution of enhancement was visualized in 10-min increments for 1 h. A monotonic increase was observed in ultrasonic reflection enhancement from specially treated nitrocellulose membranes for targeted emulsions containing perfluorooctylbromide (1.30+/-0.3 dB) and for perfluorooctane (2.64+/-0.5 dB) within the first 60 min of imaging. In comparison, the inherently nonechogenic plasma clots showed a substantial increase of 12.0+/-0.9 dB when targeted with a perfluoro-octane emulsion. This study demonstrates the concept of molecular imaging and provides the first quantifiable time-evolution report of the binding of a site-targeted ultrasonic contrast agent. Moreover, with the incorporation of specific drug treatments into the nanoparticulate contrast agent, ultrasonic molecular imaging may yield reliable detection and quantification of nascent pathologies and facilitate targeted drug therapy.
pH‐sensitive liposomes mediate cytoplasmic delivery of encapsulated macromolecules (1985)

Negatively charged liposomes are endocytosed by the coated vesicle system and accumulate in acidic intracellular vesicles. Liposomes that become unstable at acidic pH improve cytoplasmic delivery of membrane-impermeant macromolecules such as calcein (CAL) and FITC dextran (18 or 40 kDa). Oleic acid (OA): phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (3:7 mole ratio) liposomes become permeable to CAL at pH less than 7.0. Control liposomes of phosphatidylserine:PE or OA:phosphatidylcholine are stable at pH 4-8. OA:PE liposomes promote cytoplasmic delivery of encapsulated CAL to CV-1 cells, as evidenced by the emergence of diffuse, cytoplasmic CAL fluorescence. Delivery requires metabolic energy and is partially inhibited by chloroquine or monensin, which raise the pH of intracellular vesicles.
Needle-based reflection refractometry of scattering samples using coherence-gated detection (2007)

We present a novel method for in situ refractive index measurement of scattering samples using a needle device. The device employs a fiber-based reflectance refractometer and coherence-gated detection of the reflected optical signal that eliminates scattering-dependent backreflection contributions. Additionally, birefringence changes induced by fiber movement are neutralized by randomizing the source polarizations and averaging the measured Fresnel reflection coefficients over many incident polarization states. Experimental measurements of Intralipid scattering solutions are presented and compared with Monte Carlo simulations.
Structural Bases for the Affinity-Driven Selection of a Public TCR against a Dominant Human Cytomegalovirus Epitope (2009)

Protective T cell responses elicited along chronic human CMV (HCMV) infections are sometimes dominated by CD8 T cell clones bearing highly related or identical public TCR in unrelated individuals. To understand the principles that guide emergence of these public T cell responses, we have performed structural, biophysical, and functional analyses of an immunodominant public TCR (RA14) directed against a major HLA-A*0201-restricted HCMV Ag (pp65(495-503)) and selected in vivo from a diverse repertoire after chronic stimulations. Unlike the two immunodominant public TCRs crystallized so far, which focused on one peptide hotspot, the HCMV-specific RA14 TCR interacts with the full array of available peptide residues. The conservation of some peptide-MHC complex-contacting amino acids by lower-affinity TCRs suggests a shared TCR-peptide-MHC complex docking mode and supports an Ag-driven selection of optimal TCRs. Therefore, the emergence of a public TCR of an oligoclonal Ag-specific response after repeated viral stimulations is based on a receptor displaying a high structural complementarity with the entire peptide and focusing on three peptide hotspots. This highlights key parameters underlying the selection of a protective T cell response against HCMV infection, which remains a major health issue in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
M2-PK as a novel marker in ovarian cancer. A prospective cohort study. (2007)

M2-PK was significantly raised in ovarian cancer patients, however its role in clinical practice needs further evaluation.