gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Role of a Proline-Rich Akt Substrate in Apoptotic Neuronal Cell Death after Stroke: Relationships with Nerve Growth Factor (2004)

The Akt signaling pathway contributes to regulation of apoptosis after a variety of cell death stimuli. A novel proline-rich Akt substrate (PRAS) was recently detected and found to be involved in apoptosis. In our study, Akt activation was modulated by growth factors, and treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) reduced apoptotic cell death after ischemic injury. However, the role of the PRAS pathway in apoptotic neuronal cell death after ischemia remains unknown. Phosphorylated PRAS (pPRAS) and the binding of pPRAS/phosphorylated Akt (pPRAS/pAkt) to 14-3-3 (pPRAS/14-3-3) were detected, and their expression transiently decreased in mouse brains after transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI). Liposome-mediated pPRAS cDNA transfection induced overexpression of pPRAS, promoted pPRAS/14-3-3, and inhibited apoptotic neuronal cell death after tFCI. The expression of pPRAS, pPRAS/pAkt, and pPRAS/14-3-3 increased in NGF-treated mice but decreased with inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and the NGF receptor after tFCI. These results suggest that PRAS phosphorylation and its interaction with pAkt and 14-3-3 might play an important role in neuroprotection mediated by NGF in apoptotic neuronal cell death after tFCI.
Combined use of nitroglycerin and N-acetylcysteine in the management of unstable angina pectoris. (1988)

The vasodilator effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) are mediated via activation of guanylate cyclase; this process is believed to require the availability of free sulfhydryl groups. Previous studies in man have shown that the sulfhydryl donor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) potentiates the systemic and coronary vasodilator effects of NTG. Furthermore, interaction of NTG and NAC may lead to the formation of S-nitroso-NAC, which strongly inhibits platelet aggregation. The effects of intravenous NTG combined with intravenous NAC (5 g 6 hourly) were compared with those of intravenous NTG alone in a double-blind trial in 46 patients with severe unstable angina pectoris unresponsive to conventional treatment, which included calcium antagonists and cutaneous nitrates in all but one patient. Treatment with NTG/NAC (24 patients) and that with NTG alone (22 patients) was associated with a similar frequency of episodes of chest pain and of increments in NTG infusion rate for pain control (10 vs 17; p = NS). The NTG/NAC group had a significantly lower incidence of acute myocardial infarction than the NTG/placebo group (three vs 10 patients; p = .013). Symptomatic hypotension occurred frequently in the NTG/NAC group (seven vs 0 patients; p = .006). Lactate-pyruvate ratios and venous NTG concentrations were not significantly affected by NAC. Subsequently, another 20 consecutive patients were treated with intravenous NTG and continuously infused NAC (10 g/day). Seven remained pain free during the first 24 hr of NTG infusion; 11 required increments in NTG infusion rate for pain control. Acute myocardial infarction occurred in one patient, while none developed symptomatic hypotension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Identification of a new glycoprotein of herpes simplex virus type 1 and genetic mapping of the gene that codes for it (1986)

A type-specific monoclonal antibody, LP10, precipitated a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 59,000 from purified herpes simplex virus type 1. Although this glycoprotein was similar in size to glycoprotein D (gD), it was shown to be less abundant in both virions and infected cells, to migrate more rapidly in its precursor form, to incorporate glucosamine but not mannose, and to have a more stable precursor in tunicamycin-treated cells than the gD precursor (pgD). Immunoassays of cells infected with insertion recombinants and intertypic recombinants localized the gene coding for the target antigen of LP10 to the unique short (Us) region at map units 0.892 to 0.924 excluding gD. The target antigen of LP10 was then definitively mapped to the Us4 open reading frame by immunoprecipitation of a polypeptide synthesized by in vitro translation of a Us4-specific transcript prepared by using an SP6 cloning This newly identified glycoprotein product of the Us4 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 is distinct from the previously identified gB1, gC1, gE1, and gH1.
In Vitro Selection Analysis of Neomycin Binding RNAs with a Mutagenized Pool of Variants of the 16S rRNA Decoding Region (1996)

An in vitro selection for neomycin B binding was carried out with an RNA pool containing a 47-nucleotide domain of the decoding region of 16S ribosomal RNA, mutated at 30% per base position. The degenerate region was comprised of an oligonucleotide analogue ("motif A") of the decoding region in 30S subunits which has previously been shown to interact with the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin B and tRNA ligands. After five cycles of selection/amplification, RNA sequences were isolated which specifically bound to neomycin B. Cloning and sequencing showed that none of the isolated clones shared primary sequence or secondary structure homology with the decoding region of 16S RNA. Instead, a new set of sequences was isolated which could be folded into a defined hairpin structure designated as motif B. We investigated the affinity of motif A, motif B, the unselected pool RNA, and the corresponding unmutagenized "parent" RNA to neomycin B at different Mg2+ concentrations. Under buffer conditions of low ionic strength all RNAs tested bound nonspecifically to neomycin B. However, motif B bound to neomycin B at Mg2+ concentrations at which binding of the other RNAs tested was significantly lower or not detectable. This is consistent with motif B exhibiting a higher affinity for neomycin B than motif A under these conditions. Motif B has previously been isolated from an in vitro selection to identify RNA sequences with affinity to neomycin B using a completely randomized RNA pool which shared no relationship to motif A. Our results indicate that motif B might represent a highly optimized RNA sequence for neomycin B binding; conversely, the A-site motif in 16S rRNA (motif A) might not be an optimal target for neomycin B recognition.
The Fluorescent Toolbox for Assessing Protein Location and Function (2006)

Advances in molecular biology, organic chemistry, and materials science have recently created several new classes of fluorescent probes for imaging in cell biology. Here we review the characteristic benefits and limitations of fluorescent probes to study proteins. The focus is on protein detection in live versus fixed cells: determination of protein expression, localization, activity state, and the possibility for combination of fluorescent light microscopy with electron microscopy. Small organic fluorescent dyes, nanocrystals ("quantum dots"), autofluorescent proteins, small genetic encoded tags that can be complexed with fluorochromes, and combinations of these probes are highlighted.
On the use of Virtual and Augmented Reality for upper limb prostheses training and simulation (2010)

Accidents happen and unfortunately people may loose part of their body members. Studies have shown that in this case, most individuals suffer physically and psychologically. For this reason, actions to restore the patient's freedom and mobility are imperative. Traditional solutions require ways to adapt the individual to prosthetic devices. This idea is also applied to patients who have congenital limitations. However, one of the major difficulties faced by those who are fitted with these devices is the great mental effort needed during first stages of training. As a result, a meaningful number of patients give up the use of theses devices very soon. Thus, this article reports on a solution designed by the authors to help patients during the learning phases, without actually having to wear the prosthesis. This solution considers Virtual (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) techniques to mimic the prosthesis natural counterparts. Thus, it is expected that problems such as weight, heat and pain should not contribute to an already hard task.
HER-2/neu Expression in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (1997)

HER-2/neu expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma has been inconsistently reported and has not been fully evaluated with respect to histologic grade and tumor grade heterogeneity. We studied HER-2/neu expression in a series of 79 primary pancreatic carcinomas using immunohistochemical methods, with expression scored for each histologic grade represented in each tumor. We found significantly lower expression of HER-2/neu in poorly differentiated (PD) portions of tumors-those areas lacking glandular differentiation-compared to well-differentiated (WD) and moderately differentiated (MD) portions of tumors. Forty-two of 68 (62%) invasive tumors with WD or MD glands showed moderate or strong expression of HER-2/neu in WD/MD areas; only 6 of 32 (19%) invasive tumors with PD areas showed similar expression in PD. In mutually exclusive patient sets, we also found a statistically different prevalence of HER-2/neu expression in patients with PD (6/32 cases; 19%) and without PD (29/47 cases; 62%) tumors (p < 0.001). Twenty-three cases had directly comparable areas of PD versus MD or WD. In 19 of 23 cases HER-2/neu expression was graded comparatively lower (or negative) in areas of PD than in MD or WD. Overall 46 of 79 cases (58%) showed moderate to strong HER-2/neu expression inclusive of all histologic grades, and 63 of 79 (80%) cases were HER-2/neu positive, if including weak or focal staining. There was no significant difference in the survival of patients with HER-2/neu-positive versus-negative tumors or in patients with versus without PD tumors. We have confirmed that although HER-2/neu gene expression is common to many pancreatic carcinomas, it is not common to tumors lacking glandular differentiation. HER-2/neu gene expression could not be related to survival differences--perhaps due to overall poor survival within adenocarcinomas of the pancreas--but the pattern of HER-2/neu expression suggests a relationship to glandular differentiation and early oncogenesis.
Colloidal bismuth subcitrate impedes proton entry into Helicobacter pylori and increases the efficacy of growth‐dependent antibiotics (2015)

Bismuth is not acting directly on urease or the urea channel. Colloidal bismuth subcitrate impedes proton entry into the bacteria, leading to a decrease in the expected fall in cytoplasmic pH. With cytoplasmic pH remaining within range for increased metabolic activity of a neutralophile, the efficacy of growth-dependent antibiotics is augmented.
A single conditional access system for satellite-cable and terrestrial TV (1989)

A conditional access system called Eurocrypt is described. It is aimed at the DBS (direct broadcasting satellite) and cable services of Europe. Its implementation uses smart cards, and it is designed to be simple and user-friendly. Entitlements are transmitted in the signal, and the system can manage multiple program providers. Evolution of security aspects is ensured. Functionalities include true impulse buys.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enkephalin- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities in human adrenal medulla and pheochromocytoma. (1979)

By using the Coons indirect immunofluorescence technique, enkephalin-like immunoreactivity with a granular localization was observed in human adrenal medullary gland cells and pheochromocytomas. In two of the tumors and in a few adrenal gland cells, a somatostatin-like peptide could also be identified. Catecholamine cell types were visualized on adjacent sections with antisera to the synthesizing enzymes dopamine-beta-hydroxylase [DBH; dopamine beta-monooxygenase; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, ascorbate: oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.17.1] and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT; noradrenalin N-methyltransferase; S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.28). In the normal adrenal medulla more DBH- than PNMT-immunoreactive gland cells were observed. In the adrenal pheochromocytoma both DBH- and PNMT-positive cells were seen, whereas the two extra-adrenal tumors contained only DBH. These findings correlated well with plasma catecholamine measurements. Finally, enkephalin immunoreactive fibers and somatostatin immunoreactive cells were observed in a sympathetic ganglion extirpated together with one of the tumors.
The vitamin requirements ofCandida shehataefor xylose fermentation (1985)

The vitamin requirements of a strain of Candida shehatae for the fermentation of d-xylose was determined using a statistical procedure with a 23 factorial design. Biotin as well as thiamine exerted a dramatic stimulatory effect on the rate of ethanol production, coupled with a significant improvement in the ethanol yield. The greatest enhancement of the fermentation was found in the presence of both these vitamins. Pyridoxine exerted only a minor effect, but was essential for complete substrate utilization in the absence of either biotin or thiamine. Only biotin caused a significant increase in the growth rate.
Intracranial Delivery of CLN2 Reduces Brain Pathology in a Mouse Model of Classical Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (2006)

Classical late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (cLINCL) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in CLN2, which encodes lysosomal tripeptidyl peptidase I (TPP1). Lack of TPP1 results in accumulation of autofluorescent storage material and curvilinear bodies in cells throughout the CNS, leading to progressive neurodegeneration and death typically in childhood. In this study, we injected adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors containing the human CLN2 cDNA into the brains of CLN2(-/-) mice to determine therapeutic efficacy. AAV2CUhCLN2 or AAV5CUhCLN2 were stereotaxically injected into the motor cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum of both hemispheres at 6 weeks of age, and mice were then killed at 13 weeks after injection. Mice treated with AAV2CUhCLN2 and AAV5CUhCLN2 contained TPP1 activity at each injection tract that was equivalent to 0.5- and 2-fold that of CLN2(+/+) control mice, respectively. Lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 immunostaining and confocal microscopy showed intracellular targeting of TPP1 to the lysosomal compartment. Compared with control animals, there was a marked reduction of autofluorescent storage in the AAV2CUhCLN2 and AAV5CUhCLN2 injected brain regions, as well as adjacent regions, including the striatum and hippocampus. Analysis by electron microscopy confirmed a significant decrease in pathological curvilinear bodies in cells. This study demonstrates that AAV-mediated TPP1 enzyme replacement corrects the hallmark cellular pathologies of cLINCL in the mouse model and raises the possibility of using AAV gene therapy to treat cLINCL patients.
Cardiotonic agents. 1-Methyl-7-(4-pyridyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3(2H)-isoquinolinones and related compounds. Synthesis and activity (1989)

A series of 1-methyl-7-(4-pyridyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3(2H)-isoquinolinones and related compounds were synthesized and evaluated for positive inotropic activity. Most members of this series exerted a dose-dependent increase in myocardial contractility in the dog acute heart failure model, whereas they caused only slight changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Several derivatives, especially those with cyano, acetyl, and ethyl substituents at the 4-position, were more potent than milrinone, which was used as a reference. 4-Acetyl-1-methyl-7-(4-pyridyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3(2H)-isoquinolinone (MS-857) is one of the most potent positive inotropic agents in this series.
Low-loss, high-index-contrast Si_3N_4/SiO_2 optical waveguides for optical delay lines in microwave photonics signal processing (2011)

We report the design and characterization of Si3N4/SiO2 optical waveguides which are specifically developed for optical delay lines in microwave photonics (MWP) signal processing applications. The waveguide structure consists of a stack of two Si3N4 stripes and SiO2 as an intermediate layer. Characterization of the waveguide propagation loss was performed in race track-shaped optical ring resonators (ORRs) with a free-spectral range of 20 GHz and a bending radius varied from 50 μm to 125 μm. A waveguide propagation loss as low as 0.095 dB/cm was measured in the ORRs with bend radii ≥ 70 μm. Using the waveguide technology two types of RF-modulated optical sideband filters with high sideband suppression and small transition band consisting of an Mach-Zehnder interferometer and ORRs are also demonstrated. These results demonstrate the potential of the waveguide technology to be applied to construct compact on-chip MWP signal processors.
Applications of Nanoparticles in Scintillation Detectors (2007)

Applications of commercially available, highly efficient inorganic scintillators (particle size: μm) are limited by their low solubilities in both polymeric and sol-gel matrices. On the other hand, organic scintillators, though highly soluble in polystyrene-based matrices, are not compatible with an efficient neutron inorganic absorber, 6Li, and their applications with 6Li as neutron scintillators are strictly limited. Here, preparation and surface modification of organic nanoparticles and inorganic nanocrystals are demonstrated as a means to increase dispersion and compatibility of scintillators with neutron-absorbing materials and matrices. A survey of nanoparticles, including PPO, POPOP-doped polystyrene nanoparticles, CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots, Y2O3:Ce (5%), LaPO4:Ce (10%), and 6Li3PO4 nanocrystals, in various matrices, along with their results in beta, alpha, or neutron detection is discussed.
Conclusions (2007)

PTCS has been a well-recognized and clearly defined nosological entity for over a century despite its rather bewildering array of names. The two developments which were particularly instrumental in its identification were the invention of the ophthalmoscope by von Helmholtz and the introduction of lumbar puncture by Quincke. Although it has become conventional to date the recognition of the syndrome from the reports by Quincke and Nonne between 1893 and 1914, there were clearly other, and perhaps more precise, descriptions that antedated the reports of the two German neurologists. Three salient features which emerge from the historical survey in Chapter 2 are:
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors 1 and 2 Interact Differently with Heparin/Heparan Sulfate (2002)

Heparan sulfate (HS) regulates the kinetics of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-stimulated intracellular signaling and differentially activates cell proliferation of cells expressing different FGF receptors (FGFRs). Evidence suggests that HS interacts with both FGFs and FGFRs to form active ternary signaling complexes. Here we compare the interactions of two FGFRs with HS. We show that the ectodomains of FGFR1 IIIc and FGFR2 IIIc exhibit specific interactions with different characteristics for both heparin and porcine mucosal HS. These glycans are both known to activate FGF signaling via these receptors. FGFR2 interacts with a higher apparent affinity than FGFR1 despite both involving 6-O-, 2-O-, and N-sulfates. FGFR1 and FGFR2 bind heparin with mean association rate constants of 1.9 x 10(5) and 2.1 x 10(6) m(-1)s(-1), respectively, and dissociation rate constants of 1.2 x 10(-2) and 2.7 x 10(-2) s(-1), respectively. These produced calculated affinities of 63 and 13 nm, respectively. Hence, FGFR1 and FGFR2 bind to heparin chains with markedly different kinetics and affinities. We propose a mechanistic model where the kinetic parameters of the HS/FGFR interaction are a key element regulating the formation of ternary complexes and the resulting FGF signaling outcomes.
Gold Nanoparticle Delivery of Modified CpG Stimulates Macrophages and Inhibits Tumor Growth for Enhanced Immunotherapy (2013)

Gold nanoparticle accumulation in immune cells has commonly been viewed as a side effect for cancer therapeutic delivery; however, this phenomenon can be utilized for developing gold nanoparticle mediated immunotherapy. Here, we conjugated a modified CpG oligodeoxynucleotide immune stimulant to gold nanoparticles using a simple and scalable selfassembled monolayer scheme that enhanced the functionality of CpG in vitro and in vivo. Nanoparticles can attenuate systemic side effects by enhancing CpG delivery passively to innate effector cells. The use of a triethylene glycol (TEG) spacer on top of the traditional poly-thymidine spacer increased CpG macrophage stimulatory effects without sacrificing DNA content on the nanoparticle, which directly correlates to particle uptake. In addition, the immune effects of modified CpG-AuNPs were altered by the core particle size, with smaller 15 nm AuNPs generating maximum immune response. These TEG modified CpG-AuNP complexes induced macrophage and dendritic cell tumor infiltration, significantly inhibited tumor growth, and promoted survival in mice when compared to treatments with free CpG.
Natural Characteristics Analysis of Power Transmission System of Electric Vehicle (2018)

A lumped mass model is established for the problem of the torsion vibration in the power transmission system of the electric vehicle. The natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the power transmission system are calculated and analyzed. The system parameters which are most sensitive to the natural frequencies and modes are found through the sensitivity analysis of the natural characteristics of the power transmission system, which provides a theoretical basis for the dynamic modification and the proposal of the corresponding optimization scheme.
Expression of Toll-like receptor 2 is up-regulated in monocytes from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2006)

Our results reveal abnormalities in TLRs expression in COPD patients and highlight its potential relationship with systemic inflammation in these patients.
BHB:  A Simple Knowledge-Based Scoring Function to Improve the Efficiency of Database Screening (2003)

A new knowledge-based scoring function was developed in this work to facilitate the rapid ranking of ligands in databases. The acronym of the method is BHB based on the descriptors it utilizes: buriedness, hydrogen bonding, and binding energy. Receptor buriedness is a measure of how well molecules occupy the binding pocket in comparison to known high-affinity ligands or, alternatively, whether they have contact with identified residues in the pocket. The possibility of hydrogen bond formation is checked for selected residues that are recognized as being important in the binding of known ligands. The approximate binding energy is calculated from the thermodynamic cycle using the optimized bound and free solvent conformations of the ligand-receptor system. The information necessary for the scoring function can ideally be gleaned from the 3D structure of the receptor-ligand complex. Alternatively, the descriptors can be derived from the 3D structure of the unbound receptor, provided this receptor has a known ligand that binds to the given site with nanomolar activity. We show that the new scoring functions provide up to 12 times improvement in enrichment compared to the popular commercial docking program GOLD.