gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Leptin-mediated regulation of MT1-MMP localization is KIF1B dependent and enhances gastric cancer cell invasion (2013)

Leptin overexpression is closely correlated with gastric cancer (GC) invasion, but its exact effect and the underlying mechanism in tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), a surface-anchored 'master switch' proteinase, is overexpressed and plays crucial roles in tumor invasion. Here, we characterized the influence of leptin on the generation and surface localization of MT1-MMP in GC and elucidated its molecular mechanisms. Our results revealed that leptin promoted GC cell invasion in vitro by upregulating MT1-MMP expression. Furthermore, cell surface biotinylation assay and flow cytometry demonstrated that the surface expression of MT1-MMP was also enhanced by leptin, and knockdown of kinesin family member 1B (KIF1B, a microtubule plus end-directed monomeric motor protein) by small interference RNA inhibited this process. Notably, coimmunoprecipitation analysis indicated that leptin enhanced the interaction of MT1-MMP with KIF1B in a time-dependent manner, which consequently contributed to GC cell invasion. Moreover, leptin increased MT1-MMP or KIF1B expression by the protein kinase B (AKT) pathway and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 partially participated in this process. However, only AKT was implicated in the leptin-mediated membrane localization of MT1-MMP. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that leptin, MT1-MMP and KIF1B are overexpressed in GC tissues, and they positively correlated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. These observations indicate that this regulatory network exists in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that leptin is an effective intracellular stimulator of MT1-MMP and that leptin-enhanced cell surface localization of MT1-MMP is dependent on KIF1B, which consequently plays a critical role in GC invasion.
Repair of O-alkylpyrimidines in mammalian cells: a present consensus. (1988)

Enzymatic repair of the O-alkylpyrimidines (O2- and O4-alkylthymine, O2-alkylcytosine) and alkyl phosphotriesters has been studied in Escherichia coli, and the two proteins involved, a glycosylase (DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase) and a methyltransferase (DNA-O6-methylguanine:protein-L-cysteine S-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.63), have been well characterized. In mammals or mammalian cells treated with carcinogenic alkylating agents, loss of these derivatives has been demonstrated repeatedly. Nevertheless, mammalian repair proteins that are analogous to those from E. coli do not detectably act on these alkyl derivatives. A variety of techniques has been used by many investigators in the United States and Europe, who conclude here that the mode of O-alkylpyrimidine and alkyl phosphotriester repair in mammalian cells differs from that in E. coli. New approaches and methods are needed to characterize these processes at the biochemical and molecular level.
From C-Reactive Protein to Interleukin-6 to Interleukin-1 (2016)

Plasma levels of the inflammatory biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) predict vascular risk with an effect estimate as large as that of total or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Further, randomized trial data addressing hsCRP have been central to understanding the anti-inflammatory effects of statin therapy and have consistently demonstrated on-treatment hsCRP levels to be as powerful a predictor of residual cardiovascular risk as on-treatment levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Yet, although hsCRP is clinically useful as a biomarker for risk prediction, most mechanistic studies suggest that CRP itself is unlikely to be a target for intervention. Moving upstream in the inflammatory cascade from CRP to interleukin (IL)-6 to IL-1 provides novel therapeutic opportunities for atheroprotection that focus on the central IL-6 signaling system and ultimately on inhibition of the IL-1β-producing NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome. Cholesterol crystals, neutrophil extracellular traps, atheroprone flow, and local tissue hypoxia activate the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome. As such, a unifying concept of hsCRP as a downstream surrogate biomarker for upstream IL-1β activity has emerged. From a therapeutic perspective, small ischemia studies show reductions in acute-phase hsCRP production with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra and the IL-6 receptor blocker tocilizumab. A phase IIb study conducted among diabetic patients at high vascular risk indicates that canakinumab, a human monoclonal antibody that targets IL-1β, markedly reduces plasma levels of IL-6, hsCRP, and fibrinogen with little change in atherogenic lipids. Canakinumab in now being tested as a method to prevent recurrent cardiovascular events in a randomized trial of 10 065 post-myocardial infarction patients with elevated hsCRP that is fully enrolled and due to complete in 2017. Clinical trials using alternative anti-inflammatory agents active against the CRP/IL-6/IL-1 axis, including low-dose methotrexate and colchicine, are being explored. If successful, these trials will close the loop on the inflammatory hypothesis of atherosclerosis and serve as examples of how fundamental biologic principles can be translated into personalized medical practice.
Broadband Mirrors in the Near-Infrared Based on Subwavelength Gratings in SOI (2010)

We describe the design, fabrication, and characterization of high-reflectivity broadband mirrors operating in the near-infrared (700-1000 nm) wavelength range. The mirrors consist of 1-D and 2-D subwavelength resonant gratings (SWGs) fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. A very good agreement between numerical and experimental results is obtained. The mirror response can be tailored by adjusting the geometrical parameters of the gratings, with the grating period as the main parameter. The optimized mirrors reflect strongly (> 95%) over a fractional optical bandwidth Δλ/λ of about 12% and 7.5% for 1-D and 2-D gratings, respectively. The important and somewhat surprising feature of these gratings is that high reflectivities have been achieved, despite the fact that silicon exhibits significant absorption in this wavelength range.
Minibody: A novel engineered anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody fragment (single-chain Fv-CH3) which exhibits rapid, high-level targeting of xenografts. (1996)

A novel engineered antibody fragment (VL-VH-CH3, or "minibody") with bivalent binding to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was produced by genetic fusion of a T84.66 (anti-CEA) single-chain antibody (scFv) to the human IgG1 CH3 domain. Two designs for the connecting peptide were evaluated. In the T84.66/212 LD minibody, a two-amino acid linker (generated by fusion of restriction sites) was used to join VH and CH3. In the T84.66/212 Flex minibody, the human IgG1 hinge plus an additional 10 residues were used as the connecting peptide. Size exclusion chromatography of purified minibodies demonstrated that both proteins had assembled into Mr80,000 dimers as expected. Furthermore, analysis by SDS-PAGE under nonreducing conditions was consistent with disulfide bond formation in the hinge of the T84.66 Flex minibody. Purified minibodies retained high affinity for CEA (KA, 2 x 10(9) M(-1)) and demonstrated bivalent binding to antigen. Tumor targeting properties were evaluated in vivo using athymic mice bearing LS174T human colon carcinoma xenografts. 123I-labeled T84.66 minibodies demonstrated rapid, high tumor uptake, reaching 17% injected dose/gram (%ID/g) for the LD minibody and 33%ID/g for the Flex minibody at 6 h following injection. Radioiodinated minibody also cleared rapidly from the circulation, yielding high tumor:blood uptake ratios: 44.5 at 24 h for the LD minibody and 64.9 at 48 h for the Flex minibody. Rapid localization by the T84.66/212 Flex minibody allowed imaging of xenografts at 4 and 19 h after administration.
Interleukin 12 is produced in vivo during endotoxemia and stimulates synthesis of gamma interferon (1994)

Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is produced in response to circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and contributes to the lethality of endotoxic shock. To address the cellular source of IFN-gamma production in vivo, T cells and B cells were magnetically purified from C57BL/6 mouse spleens 5 h following endotoxin injection. IFN-gamma RNA was abundant in splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and in a T- and B-cell-depleted population of splenocytes containing 34% NK1.1+ natural killer (NK) cells. Because interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a known inducer of IFN-gamma synthesis by cultured T cells and NK cells, we examined whether IL-12 might be involved in IFN-gamma release during endotoxemia. mRNA encoding the p40 subunit of IL-12 increased markedly in the spleens of C57BL/6 mice at 2 h after LPS injection, whereas p35 IL-12 mRNA was constitutively expressed at all times. Bioactive IL-12 (p70 heterodimer) was detected in mouse serum at 2 to 4 h after LPS injection. Similar results were obtained using a p40 subunit-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Endotoxin-insensitive C3H/HeJ mice generated threefold less IL-12 p70 and IFN-gamma at these times than endotoxin-sensitive C3H/HeOuJ mice. Pretreatment of mice with polyclonal anti-mouse IL-12 antibody reduced IFN-gamma levels present at 6 h post-LPS nearly sixfold in three separate experiments. These studies support a role for IL-12 as a proximal stimulator of IFN-gamma release during endotoxemia.
What is the most effective way to reduce incidence of amputation in the diabetic foot? (2000)

Approximately 40-60% of all amputations of the lower extremity are performed in patients with diabetes. More than 85% of these amputations are precipitated by a foot ulcer deteriorating to deep infection or gangrene. The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers has been estimated to be 3-8%. The complexity of these ulcers necessitates a multifactorial approach in which aggressive management of infection and ischemia is of major importance. For the same reason, a process-oriented approach in the evaluation of prevention and management of the diabetic foot is essential. Healing rates of foot ulcers are unknown with the exception of specialised centres where it is between 80-90%. The negative consequences of diabetic foot ulcers on quality of life include not only morbidity but also disability and premature mortality. Costs for healing ulcers are high and even higher for ulcers resulting in amputation, due to prolonged hospitalisation, rehabilitation, and need for home care and social service for disabled patients. Therefore, one of the most important steps to reduce cost in the management of the diabetic foot is to avoid amputations. A cost-effective management should not only be focused on the short-term cost until healing but also on the long-term cost, since foot ulcer and especially amputation are related to increased re-ulceration rate and lifelong disability. A multidisciplinary approach including preventive strategy, patient and staff education, and multifactorial treatment of foot ulcers has been reported to reduce the amputation rate by more than 50%.
Managing ‘quality’ early childhood services in England (2002)

This article focuses on the recent growth and development of the field of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) in England and discusses the issue of ‘quality’ in relation to the diversity of provision on which these developments are based. In particular the article discusses the ways in which cultural constructions of childhood and the theories of child development and learning espoused by stakeholders impact on assessments of ‘quality’.
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Lower Extremities Show Distinct Clinical and Pathologic Features (2015)

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas mainly affect older, predominantly male patients. Most are due to chronic ultraviolet exposure, and associated with actinic keratoses. On the lower extremities, they occur more commonly in women. However, data on these tumors as a distinct group are scarce. We evaluated 61 squamous cell carcinomas of the lower extremities. Overall, 69% of patients were female. Mean age was 75 years. More than 90% of tumors were well differentiated, 3% showed perineural invasion, and none lymphovascular invasion. In all, 63.9% showed evidence of severe chronic sun damage. Associated actinic keratoses were identified in only 13% of cases. By contrast, 80% were associated with distinctive basal epidermal proliferations with a retiform growth pattern. These proliferations were evaluated immunohistochemically for keratinocyte stem cell markers, p53 and Notch1 in 15 cases. All cases were positive for cytokeratin 14, p53, and Notch1 (with variable intensity in the latter 2), and predominantly negative for cytokeratin 19. Interestingly, basal retiform proliferations were positive for cytokeratin 15 in 66% of cases. Fifteen head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were evaluated in comparison. Those lacked associated basal retiform proliferations except in 1 case. In contrast, 87% were associated with actinic keratoses and 100% with severe chronic sun damage. Actinic keratoses associated with head and neck tumors showed cytokeratin 15 staining only in 7% of cases (P = .003 compared with cytokeratin 15 in basal retiform proliferations associated with leg carcinomas). These findings support the hypothesis that lower extremity squamous cell carcinomas are distinct and may exhibit a pathogenesis less reliant on actinic damage.
Real-Time, Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging Microscopy Using Indium Antimonide Focal-Plane Array Detection (1995)

A different approach toward mid-infrared spectroscopic imaging microscopy is introduced in which instrumentation is designed about an InSb multichannel, focal-plane array detector and a variable-bandpass dielectric filter. The system may be configured for either macroscopic or microscopic applications, and high-fidelity, chemically specific images may be acquired in real time. With the dielectric filter used in this assembly, continuous tuning is provided for the infrared 4000–2320 cm −1 spectral region with spectral resolutions of approximately 35–18 cm −1 at the extremes of this wavelength interval. The functioning of the imaging microscope is demonstrated with samples including polystyrene microspheres, preparations of lipids and an amino acid embedded in KBr disks, and a tissue sample derived from a coronal slice of a monkey cerebellum.
A Mouse Model for Monitoring Calpain Activity under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (2006)

Calpains are Ca(2+)-dependent cysteine proteases known to be important for the regulation of cell functions and which aberrant activation causes cell death in a number of degenerative disorders. To provide a tool for monitoring the status of calpain activity in vivo under physiological and pathological conditions, we created a mouse model that expresses ubiquitously a fluorescent reporter consisting of eCFP and eYFP separated by a linker cleavable by the ubiquitous calpains. We named this mouse CAFI for calpain activity monitored by FRET imaging. Our validation studies demonstrated that the level of calpain activity correlates with a decrease in FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) between the two fluorescent proteins. Using this model, we observed a small level of activity after denervation and fasting, a high level of activity during muscle regeneration and ischemia, and local activity in damaged myofibers after exercise. Finally, we crossed the CAFI mouse with the alpha-sarcoglycan-deficient model, demonstrating an increase of calpain activity at the steady state. Altogether, our results present evidence that CAFI mice could be a valuable tool in which to follow calpain activity at physiological levels and in disease states.
Concept of a high-resolution miniature spectrometer using an integrated filter array (2007)

A high-resolution miniature spectrometer has been demonstrated by utilizing a 128-channel integrated filter array, fabricated by using the combinatorial deposition technique, as a dispersive component whose passbands range from 722.0 to 880.0 nm with a bandwidth (or spectral resolution) from 1.7 to 3.8 nm and an average channel interval of 1.2 nm. The miniature spectrometer is smaller than 1 cm3 without any moving parts. This kind of miniature spectrometer has the advantages of very low payload, high resolution, and high reliability simultaneously, which are especially urgently needed for space applications.
Clinical experience with automated percutaneous discectomy. (1993)

This study was performed to evaluate a group of patients undergoing automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy. All patients had disc pathology at L4/L5 and L5/S1 documented on CT scan and/or MRI. The range of follow-up was between 3 months and 20 months. The average hospital stay was 2 days (range 1-3 days). A total of 21 patients underwent the procedure and 18 were available for assessment. Of these, 12 patients improved. Of the patients that did not, two subsequently underwent surgical discectomy. There was one failed procedure but no other intra- or post-operative complications. The results of the study indicate that percutaneous discectomy has a demonstrable low morbidity and can be performed under local anaesthesia. However, proper patient selection is important for successful results.
Convulsive Therapy in Schizophrenia? (1996)

Schizophrenia is a clinical syndrome of extraordinary importance and complexity. Its early identification is difficult, and our concepts of its main characteristics have undergone many changes in the past century. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was introduced as a treatment for dementia praecox. The initial reports were salutary, and the treatment was widely applied until it was replaced by psychoactive drugs. ECT was reintroduced in the 1970s in the treatment of therapy-resistant disorders. The initial reviews argued that ECT was not applicable in patients with schizophrenia, a conclusion based mainly on experience with chronic forms of the disorder. This article assesses the role of ECT in schizophrenia today. We find it to be an effective treatment for psychosis. ECT is particularly applicable in patients with first-break episodes, especially those marked by excitement, overactivity, delusions, or delirium; in young patients, to avoid debilitating effects of chronic illness; and in patients with syndromes characterized by catatonia, positive symptoms of psychosis, or schizoaffective features.
The catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A is carboxyl-methylated in vivo. (1994)

We have used polyclonal antibodies against an internal peptide (residues 169 to 182; Ab169/182) and a peptide corresponding to the carboxyl terminus (residues 299 to 309; Ab299/309) to look for in vivo modifications of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic (PP2Ac) subunit. Treatment of extracts from human breast cancer (MCF7) cells with either alkali or ethanol increased immunoreactivity of PP2Ac subunit severalfold on Western blots with Ab299/309, but did not apparently change molecular weight or isoelectric point of the protein. In contrast, immunoreactivity with Ab169/182 was unchanged by these treatments. Subsequently, we demonstrated that the increase in PP2Ac subunit recognition by Ab299/309 coincides with the demethylation of this protein at the carboxyl-terminal leucine (Leu309). Methylation of PP2Ac subunit, in vitro, increases its activity toward both phosphorylase a and a phosphopeptide. The carboxyl-terminal sequence (TPDYFL) of PP2Ac subunit is completely conserved between mammals, yeast, fruit fly, and plants which suggests that regulation of this enzyme activity by carboxyl-terminal methylation has been conserved during evolution.
Revascularization in Experimental Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis: Role of Mitochondrial Targeted Peptides (Bendavia) (2013)

Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis (ARAS) is a common cause of secondary hypertension, especially in the elderly population, and is often associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as progression to chronic renal insufficiency Consequently, treatment options have been increasingly directed towards the preservation of renal function and reduction in the progression to endstage renal disease (ESRD).
26.1: RGB LED Illuminator for Pocket‐Sized Projectors (2004)

Abstract By using experimental high‐power LED's in a Luxeon™ form‐factor package, an RGB LED illuminator for small, color‐sequential pocket imagers was developed, with a light output for the projector of 15 lm, resulting in a brightness comparable to that of a similar‐sized laptop display. Unlike color‐sequential projectors using color‐wheels, there is no need to de‐saturate the colors to achieve peak brightness when using an LED illumination system.
Biostimulation of wound healing by low‐energy laser irradiation A review (1996)

This paper reviews studies on the basic principles of biostimulation of wound healing by various low-energy lasers. It looks at the mechanism of action of biostimulation as well as the laser's effect on cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and would healing.
A structural definition of polymer brushes (2007)

Abstract In this article, we consolidate several literature reports in an attempt to provide a structural definition of a polymer brush as a tethered polymer layer with a high grafting density of polymer chains. We will try to distinguish a brush from grafted polymer layers and coated layers and provide a reasonable approach to the description of the brush regime with a single parameter Σ —reduced grafting density. Furthermore, we will attempt to describe the relevance of this description to applications. This article is timely given the continuing interest relating to brushes on flat substrates, nanoparticles, and the walls of micro‐channels. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3505–3512, 2007
Gene vectors for higher plants (1983)

Tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids, carried by Agrobacterium tumefaciens have been shown to be responsible for crown gall formation in plants. Ti plasmids are natural gene vectors with which Agrobacteria achieve the transfer and stable maintenance of a defined DNA segment (called T­region) into the nucleus of transformed plant cells. Using site-specific mutagenesis, it was possible to introduce mutations in different parts of the T-region. The transcription of the T-DNA in wild-type and mutant crown galls was compared, and it was found that the induction of specific developmental patterns could be correlated with the absence of specific T-DNA transcripts. Double mutants were obtained in which the expres­sion of all the "onc" genes was abolished. Tobacco, potato, and petunia plant cells harboring such inactivated T-DNAs were shown to regenerate normal, fertile plants that transmit the T-DNA segment as a single Mendelian locus. Structural genes, coding for opine synthase enzymes, were shown to be fully active. Several T-DNA genes were sequenced, and transcription promoter and termination signals were identified.