gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of the surface geometry of smooth and porous‐coated titanium alloy on the orientation of fibroblasts in vitro (1987)

The migration and orientation of human gingival fibroblasts in relation to the rim of smooth-surfaced and porous-coated titanium discs placed on multilayers in vitro was investigated. Samples were examined after 6 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days of culture using phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy. The cells migrated from the multilayer onto the smooth-surfaced discs forming bridges between them, and orientated along parallel circumferential grooves in the rim of the discs. This resulted in the cellular bridges orientating at an acute angle to the rim of the disc, and adjacent cells in the multilayer orientating parallel to the rim. Cellular bridges were also formed between the porous-coated discs and the multilayer but, because the cells that migrated onto, and between, the spheres of the porous-coat showed no preferred orientation, the bridges retained their orientation at right angles to the surface of the rim. This in turn resulted in the cells of the adjacent multilayer becoming similarly orientated. These observations suggest that the geometrical configuration of the surface of implants could influence whether a capsule or an orientated fibrous attachment is developed in relation to implants in vivo.
99mTechnetium-labeled low density lipoprotein: receptor recognition and intracellular sequestration of radiolabel. (1991)

99MTechnetium-labeled low density lipoprotein (99MTc-labeled LDL) was developed to detect atherosclerosis by external imaging with the gamma scintillation camera (Lees, et al. J. Nucl. Med. 1985. 26: 1056-1062; Lees, et al. Arteriosclerosis. 1988. 8: 461-470). The present study examined high affinity LDL receptor recognition and intracellular sequestration of 99MTc-labeled LDL by fibroblasts. There were no significant differences between 99MTc-labeled LDL and 125I-labeled LDL in binding parameters or percent inhibition of accumulation, which indicated that 99MTc labeling did not alter receptor recognition of LDL. At 4 degrees C the Kd (+SE) for 99MTc-labeled LDL and 125I-labeled LDL, respectively, was 1.52 +/- 0.24 and 1.45 +/- 0.14 micrograms/ml; Bmax (+/- SE) was 5.45 +/- 0.48 and 4.89 +/- 0.25 ng/well, respectively. Binding was saturated at about 2 micrograms/ml. The complete linearity of 99MTc-labeled LDL accumulation from 0-6 h and the positive slope from 6-24 h indicated that radiolabel that entered cells as 99MTc-labeled LDL was sequestered; pulse-chase experiments, which measured residual cell-associated radioactivity out to 24 h, also showed that radiolabel was trapped. Because radiolabel sequestration was essentially complete, and because 99MTc-labeled LDL was recognized by the LDL receptor equally as well as 125I-labeled LDL, it should be useful not only for imaging atherosclerosis, but also for quantitatively determining sites of utilization and degradation of LDL.
FORM AND FUNCTION (2007)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTFORM AND FUNCTIONThe choice of PHARMACEUTICAL CRYSTALLINE FORM can be used to optimize drug properties, and cocrystals are emerging as new alternativesANN M. THAYERView Author Information C&EN HOUSTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2007, 85, 25, 17–30Publication Date (Print):June 18, 2007Publication History Published online29 October 2010Published inissue 18 June 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v085n025.p017https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n025.p017newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Crystals Get e-Alerts
Solvation effects in solid-phase peptide synthesis (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvation effects in solid-phase peptide synthesisGregg B. Fields and Cynthia g. FieldsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 11, 4202–4207Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00011a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00011a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1081Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Conserved principles of mammalian transcriptional regulation revealed by RNA half-life (2009)

RNA levels in a cell are regulated by the relative rates of RNA synthesis and decay. We recently developed a new approach for measuring both RNA synthesis and decay in a single experimental setting by biosynthetic labeling of newly transcribed RNA. Here, we show that this provides measurements of RNA half-lives from microarray data with a so far unreached accuracy. Based on such measurements of RNA half-lives for human B-cells and mouse fibroblasts, we identified conserved regulatory principles for a large number of biological processes. We show that different regulatory patterns between functionally similar proteins are characterized by differences in the half-life of the corresponding transcripts and can be identified by measuring RNA half-life. We identify more than 100 protein families which show such differential regulatory patterns in both species. Additionally, we provide strong evidence that the activity of protein complexes consisting of subunits with overall long transcript half-lives can be regulated by transcriptional regulation of individual key subunits with short-lived transcripts. Based on this observation, we predict more than 100 key regulatory subunits for human complexes of which 28% could be confirmed in mice (P < 10(-9)). Therefore, this atlas of transcript half-lives provides new fundamental insights into many cellular processes.
A Modular Synthetic Approach to Conjugated Pentacene Di‐, Tri‐, and Tetramers (2010)

Mind the band gap: π-conjugated pentacene di-, tri-, and tetramers can be synthesized by using a versatile building block in Hay homocoupling as well as Cadiot–Chodkiewicz cross-coupling reactions. This modular approach allows the evaluation of solubility, stability, and the HOMO–LUMO gap as a function of compound length. Long-range three-dimensional π overlap occurs in the iBu3Si-substituted pentacene dimer (see figure; n=2).
An Error-Based Controlled Single-Inductor 10-Output DC-DC Buck Converter With High Efficiency Under Light Load Using Adaptive Pulse Modulation (2015)

An error-based control method is proposed for a single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) converter that maintains high efficiency under various load conditions. A peak efficiency of 88.7% was achieved with one output (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O1</sub> ) of 5 mA, while the other outputs are at 432 mA. A hybrid topology composed of a switching converter and a linear regulator is also presented for fast load transient response. The proposed SIMO buck converter was fabricated with a 1P4M 0.35 μm BCD process and has 10 independently regulated outputs. The measured load transient waveform shows cross regulation of 0.1 mV/mA and a load transient of 0.17 mV/mA. This was achieved under load transient conditions for one output (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O9</sub> ) in between 1 mA and 100 mA with the other outputs at 422 mA.
Parathyroid Hormone-(1–34) Enhances Aggrecan Synthesis via an Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Pathway (1999)

During endochondral bone formation, the growth plate chondrocytes proliferate, become hypertrophic, lose the cartilage phenotype, undergo mineralization, and provide a scaffold upon which subsequent longitudinal bone growth occurs. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), a calcium-regulating hormone, and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), which shares several properties with PTH, have profound effects on skeletal growth and new bone formation. In order to define further the mechanism by which PTH/PTHrP promotes the cartilage phenotype, chondrocytes isolated from the rib cages of developing rat embryos were evaluated for the biosynthesis of aggrecan. Cells treated with PTH-(1-34) for a 4-h period followed by a 20-h recovery period showed a significant increase in cartilage proteoglycan (aggrecan) synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Only N-terminally intact PTH and PTHrP were effective in stimulating aggrecan synthesis. Addition of a neutralizing antibody to insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) during PTH treatment resulted in the inhibition of PTH-stimulated aggrecan synthesis, whereas the addition of a neutralizing antibody to insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) resulted in an increase in synthesis in both the control and PTH-treated cells. In addition, PTH treatment resulted in an increase in the mRNA for aggrecan, a reduction in IGFBP-3 mRNA, and no discernible changes in IGF-I mRNA levels, which was complemented by quantitative changes in IGFBP-3 and free IGF-I levels. The reciprocal relationship in the expression of aggrecan and IGFBP was further confirmed in chondrocytes from various gestational stages during normal development. Collectively, our results indicate that the effect of PTH may be mediated at least in part through the regulation of the IGF/IGFBP axis, by a decrease in the level of IGFBP-3, and an increase in free IGF-I levels. It is likely that the local increase in IGF-I may lead to an increase in cartilage type proteoglycan synthesis and maintenance of the cartilage phenotype. The consequence of the prolonged maintenance may be to halt mineralization while a new scaffolding is created.
Dominant negative suppression of arabidopsis photoresponses by mutant phytochrome A sequences identifies spatially discrete regulatory domains in the photoreceptor. (1994)

We used the exaggerated short hypocotyl phenotype induced by oat phytochrome A overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis to monitor the biological activity of mutant phytochrome A derivatives. Three different mutations, which were generated by removing 52 amino acids from the N terminus (delta N52), the entire C-terminal domain (delta C617), or amino acids 617-686 (delta 617-686) of the oat molecule, each caused striking dominant negative interference with the ability of endogenous Arabidopsis phytochrome A to inhibit hypocotyl growth in continuous far-red light ("far-red high irradiance response" conditions). By contrast, in continuous white or red light, delta N52 was as active as the unmutagenized oat phytochrome A protein in suppressing hypocotyl elongation, while delta C617 and delta 617-686 continued to exhibit dominant negative behavior under these conditions. These data suggest that at least three spatially discrete molecular domains coordinate the photoregulatory activities of phytochrome A in Arabidopsis seedlings. The first is the chromophore-bearing N-terminal domain between residues 53 and 616 that is apparently sufficient for the light-induced initiation but not the completion of productive interactions with transduction chain components. The second is the C-terminal domain between residues 617 and 1129 that is apparently necessary for completion of productive interactions under all irradiation conditions. The third is the N-terminal 52 amino acids that are apparently necessary for completion of productive interactions only under far-red high irradiance conditions and are completely dispensable under white and red light regimes.
Role of c‐kit receptor tyrosine kinase in the development, survival and neoplastic transformation of mast cells (1996)

The c-kit gene is allelic with the dominant spotting (W) locus on mouse chromosome 5 and encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase. The ligand for c-kit receptor is stem cell factor (SCF), which is the principal growth factor for mast cells. The loss-of-function mutations of c-kit receptor affect the development of mast cells, thereby resulting in a depletion of mast cells. The abundant expression of c-kit receptor is indispensable for the survival of mast cells. In addition, the gain-of-function mutations of c-kit receptor were found in several tumor mast cell lines. When these gain-of-function mutations were introduced to cells of murine interleukin (IL)-3-dependent cell lines, the expression of c-kit receptor with constitutive tyrosine kinase activity not only abrogated the IL-3 requirement of the cells, but also caused them to become tumorigenic in nude athymic mice. The gain-of-function mutations of c-kit receptor appear to result in the malignant transformation of mast cells. Taken together, the signals from the c-kit receptor are essential for the development, survival, and malignant transformation of mast cells.
Cyclin E2, a Novel G1 Cyclin That Binds Cdk2 and Is Aberrantly Expressed in Human Cancers (1999)

A novel cyclin gene was discovered by searching an expressed sequence tag database with a cyclin box profile. The human cyclin E2 gene encodes a 404-amino-acid protein that is most closely related to cyclin E. Cyclin E2 associates with Cdk2 in a functional kinase complex that is inhibited by both p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1). The catalytic activity associated with cyclin E2 complexes is cell cycle regulated and peaks at the G1/S transition. Overexpression of cyclin E2 in mammalian cells accelerates G1, demonstrating that cyclin E2 may be rate limiting for G1 progression. Unlike cyclin E1, which is expressed in most proliferating normal and tumor cells, cyclin E2 levels were low to undetectable in nontransformed cells and increased significantly in tumor-derived cells. The discovery of a novel second cyclin E family member suggests that multiple unique cyclin E-CDK complexes regulate cell cycle progression.
Immune Escape of Tumors in Vivo by Expression of Cellular Flice-Inhibitory Protein (1999)

The antiapoptotic protein cellular FLICE (Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme) inhibitory protein (cFLIP) protects cells from CD95(APO-1/Fas)-induced apoptosis in vitro and was found to be overexpressed in human melanomas. However, cytotoxic T cell-induced apoptosis, which is critically involved in tumor control in vivo, is not inhibited by cFLIP in vitro, as only CD95- and not perforin-dependent lysis is affected. This calls into question whether cFLIP is sufficient to allow escape from T cell-dependent immunity. Using two murine tumors, we directly demonstrate that cFLIP does result in escape from T cell immunity in vivo. Moreover, tumor cells are selected in vivo for elevated cFLIP expression. Therefore, our data indicate that CD95-dependent apoptosis constitutes a more prominent mechanism for tumor clearance than has so far been anticipated and that blockade of this pathway can result in tumor escape even when the perforin pathway is operational.
Intra-articular IL-10 gene transfer regulates the expression of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in the knee and ipsilateral paw (2000)

We studied the effects of local IL-10 application, introduced by a recombinant human type 5 adenovirus vector, in the mouse knee joint during the early phase of CIA. One intra-articular injection with the IL-10-expressing virus (Ad5E1mIL-10) caused substantial over-expression of IL-10 in the mouse knee joint, using virus dosages which did not induce distracting inflammation. High expression of IL-10 was noted for a few days, being maximal at day 1. One intra-articular injection of Ad5E1mIL-10 in the knee joints of collagen type II (CII)-immunized mice, before onset of CIA was noted, reduced the incidence of collagen arthritis in that knee. Of high interest, the protective effect of local IL-10 expression by Ad5E1mIL-10 was not restricted to the knee joint alone. The arthritis incidence in the ipsilateral paw was highly suppressed. In contrast, local IL-10 over-expression was not effective when treatment was started after onset of CIA. Further analysis in the acute streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis model revealed that local IL-10 over-expression markedly suppressed the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-1alpha, but had no significant effect on IL-1beta and IL-12 production in the inflamed synovium. These data indicate that local over-expression of IL-10 in the knee joint of mice regulates the expression of collagen arthritis, probably through down-regulation of TNF-alpha.
Balancing the Fourth Amendment Scales: The Bad-Faith Exception to Exclusionary Rule Limitations (1993)

Fourth Amendment violations are currently divided into two categories for the purpose of deciding whether to apply the exclusionary rule as a remedy. One category contains "good-faith" violations, which require no remedy. All other violations, because they are lacking in good faith, are subject to the application of the exclusionary rule when the government attempts to use evidence obtained by the violation at trial. However, the exclusionary rule, because it is limited in four major ways, does not prevent all of the possible uses of this evidence. This Article argues that the current categorization of violations is too crude; the general category of "all other violations" contains a wide range of government conduct and culpability. Based in part on models they have developed in two recent articles, Professor Thomas and Mr. Pollack propose the creation of a new category of Fourth Amendment violations-bad-faith violations-for which a less constrained exclusionary rule should apply.\nThe Article begins by sketching a general justification for the assertion that a bad-faith violation requires a broader exclusionary rule. After exploring how to determine when police are acting in bad faith, the Article analyzes each of the four current limitations on the exclusionary rule and examines whether that limitation should apply to evidence discovered by bad-faith conduct. The Article concludes by discussing the procedure by which courts can make the bad-faith determination.
An apo-E-free very low density lipoprotein enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine in human plasma. (1986)

Normal human plasma contains a fraction of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) which, unlike most VLDL, contains no apolipoprotein E and, unlike apo-E-containing VLDL, is enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine. This fraction made up 0.28 +/- 0.09 of total VLDL triglyceride. Interconversion of the two isolated VLDL fractions was not detected during incubation (2 h, 37 degrees C) and they may represent the physical forms of apo-B corresponding to distinct metabolic pathways in plasma.
Low-loss phased-array based 4-channel wavelength demultiplexer integrated with photodetectors (1994)

A 4-channel phased-array wavelength division demultiplexer with 1.8 nm channel spacing at 1.54 μm has been monolithically integrated with photodetectors in InP/InGaAsP. On chip losses are 3.5 to 4.5 dB. These are the lowest losses reported so far for demultiplexers monolithically integrated with photodetectors. Nearest neighbor crosstalk ranges from /spl minus/12 to /spl minus/21 dB.
Nucleotide sequences of a feline leukemia virus subgroup A envelope gene and long terminal repeat and evidence for the recombinational origin of subgroup B viruses (1986)

Molecular clones of the subgroup A feline leukemia virus FeLV-A/Glasgow-1 have been obtained. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 3' end of the proviral genome and comparison with the published sequence of FeLV-B/Gardner-Arnstein showed that the most extensive differences are located within the 5' domain of the env gene. Within this domain, several divergent regions of env are separated by more conserved segments. The 3' end of env is highly conserved, with only a single amino acid coding difference in p15env. The proviral long terminal repeats are also highly conserved, differing by only eight base substitutions and one base insertion. Specific probes constructed from the FeLV-A or FeLV-B env genes were used to compare the env genes of various exogenous FeLV isolates and the endogenous FeLV-related proviruses of normal cat DNA. An FeLV-A-derived env probe showed no hybridization to normal cat DNA but detected all FeLV-A and FeLV-C isolates tested. In contrast, an FeLV-B env probe detected independent FeLV-B isolates and a family of endogenous FeLV-related proviruses. Our observations provide strong evidence to support the hypothesis that FeLV-B viruses have arisen by recombination between FeLV-A and endogenous proviral elements in cat DNA.
Carrier Synchronization Techniques for Unbalanced QPSK Signals-Part II (1978)

This paper develops the theory for assessing the tracking performance and designing carrier synchronization loops which are to be matched to an unbalanced QPSK signal design. It is assumed that the power split and the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> channel data rates are arbitrary. Bit synchronization is assumed unavailable for both carrier reconstruction techniques which have been suggested via MAP estimation theory. Numerical results are presented along with their comparison with results given in Part I where bit timing was assumed known.