gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunological variables as predictors of prognosis in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (1986)

Multivariate analysis was used to identify which of a large number of pretreatment immunological parameters correlated with therapeutic response, subsequent development of opportunistic infection, and survival from the time of diagnosis in a group of 70 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated with recombinant leukocyte A interferon. In a logistic regression model, delayed type hypersensitivity response to one or more recall antigens and high proliferative response to Escherichia coli were significant predictors for response to recombinant leukocyte A interferon (for the model, P = 0.01). For prediction of the development of opportunistic infection, the model selected low proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin and E. coli (P less than 0.001). Favorable factors predicting survival in the Cox regression model were the absence of endogenous serum interferon activity and a high proliferative response to E. coli (P less than 0.001). The estimated median survival for the group with endogenous serum interferon activity and low E. coli response was 12 months; the median has not yet been reached for the group with no serum interferon and a high E. coli response. We conclude that immunological parameters may be useful in predicting prognosis in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Aggregate-Query Processing in Data Warehousing Environments (1995)

In this paper we introduce generalized pro-jections (GPs), an extension of duplicate-eliminating projections, that capture aggre-gations, groupbys, duplicate-eliminating pro-jections (distinct), and duplicate-preserving projections in a common unified framework. Using GPs we extend well known and simple algorithms for SQL queries that use distinct projections to derive algorithms for queries us-ing aggregations like sum, max, min, count, and avg. We develop powerful query rewrite rules for aggregate queries that unify and ex-tend rewrite rules previously known in the lit-erature. We then illustrate the power of our approach by solving a very practical and im-portant problem in data warehousing: how to answer an aggregate query on base tables using materialized aggregate views (summary tables). 1
Using an interleukin-6 challenge to evaluate neuropsychological performance in chronic fatigue syndrome (2002)

The IL-6 provocation exacerbated the patients self-reported symptoms but did not reveal notable cognitive impairments between patients and controls during cytokine-induced acute influenza-like symptoms.
Absorptivity of Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Solution (2003)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were solubilized by attaching functional groups to the nanotube-bound carboxylic acids in the esterification and various amidation reactions. The solubility made it possible to not only characterize the functionalized SWNT samples in solution but also quantitatively measure the UV/vis/NIR absorption spectra of the samples. The nanotube contents in the soluble samples were determined in terms of NMR signal integrations in reference to internal standards and through thermal gravimetric analyses. The absorptivity results thus obtained are similar for SWNTs in the different functionalized samples. For the near-infrared absorption band corresponding to the first pair of van Hove singularities in the electronic density of states for semiconducting SWNTs, the peak absorptivity is 0.5−2.2 (mg/mL)-1 cm-1. The absorption properties of SWNTs are apparently insensitive to changes in the sample environment, such as the functionalization with significantly different groups. The effects of scattering on the accurate determination of absorptivity are discussed.
Lung function and surfactant distribution in saline-lavaged sheep given instilled vs. nebulized surfactant (1993)

Adult sheep (35 +/- 3 kg) underwent saline lung lavage and 1.5 h of mechanical ventilation to induce acute lung injury. Animals received 100 mg lipid/kg body wt of tracheally instilled surfactant (Inst Surf) or either nebulized surfactant (Neb Surf) or nebulized saline (Neb Saline) and were killed 3 h later. Inst Surf and Neb Surf groups had significant improvements in oxygenation (P < 0.01) and peak inspiratory pressures (PIP) (P < 0.05) compared with pretreatment values. Improvements in oxygenation and PIP for Inst Surf animals were significantly greater than for Neb Surf animals (P < 0.05). Volumes of maximal pressure of quasi-static pressure-volume curves measured at the time the animals were killed were significantly greater for Inst Surf and Neb Surf animals than for animals given Neb Saline (P < 0.05). Alveolar recovery of exogenous surfactant was 100 times greater for Inst Surf animals (1,732 +/- 70 mg) than for Neb Surf animals (15.3 +/- 2.9 mg) at the time they were killed. Although there were no differences in exogenous surfactant distribution patterns at the lobar level between the two surfactant-treated groups, distribution histograms calculated for 10-g lung pieces revealed the Neb Surf animals had significantly more pieces within 25% of the mean value of 1.0 (42.7 +/- 6.9%) than did Inst Surf animals (20.8 +/- 5.5%) (P < 0.01). Exogenous surfactant therapy improved lung function with significantly different quantities of surfactant deposited in lung tissue for the two delivery methods evaluated.
Social Determinants of Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities in Children and Adolescents (2011)

Too many racial/ethnic minorities do not reach their full potential for a healthy and rewarding life. This paper addresses the social determinants that impact, either directly or indirectly, child and adolescent health disparities. Understanding the role social determinants play in the life course of health status can help guide educational interventions and public policies in reducing racial/ethnic health disparities. We can no longer place the responsibility for adverse health outcomes solely on individuals and expect programs based primarily on individual health behaviors to eradicate the considerable racial/ethnic health care disparities that continues to exist in the United Sates today.
Endothelial Cells Promote Cardiac Myocyte Survival and Spatial Reorganization (2004)

These results provide direct evidence for a novel role of endothelium in survival and organization of nearby CMs. Successful strategies for cardiac regeneration may therefore depend on establishing functional CM-endothelium interactions.
Regulated expression of GLUT2 in diabetes studied in transplanted pancreatic β cells (1994)

GLUT2 disappearance is a marker of the beta cell glucose-unresponsiveness associated with diabetes. Understanding the factor(s) leading to this dysfunction may shed light on pathogenesis of diabetes. Since the regulation of GLUT2 expression in diabetes can so far only be studied in in vivo experiments, we developed a novel experimental approach to study the genetic regulation of GLUT2 in diabetes. By encapsulating islets or cell lines in semi-permeable membranes, these cells can be exposed to the diabetic environment of rats or mice and can be retrieved for analysis of GLUT2 expression and for the change in the secretory response to glucose. Immunocytochemical analysis of transporter expression reveals changes in protein expression while transcriptional analysis of GLUT2 gene expression could be performed in cells transfected with promoter-reporter gene constructs. Using this last approach we hope to be able to characterize the promoter regions involved in the beta cell- and diabetes-specific regulation of GLUT2 expression and possibly to determine which factors are responsible for this regulation.
Click-Functionalized Compact Quantum Dots Protected by Multidentate-Imidazole Ligands: Conjugation-Ready Nanotags for Living-Virus Labeling and Imaging (2012)

We synthesized a new class of mutifunctional multidentate-imidazole polymer ligands by one-step reaction to produce conjugation-ready QDs with great stability and compact size. Furthermore, combined with strain-promoted click chemistry, we developed a general strategy for efficient labeling of living-viruses with QD probes.
Measurement of locus copy number by hybridisation with amplifiable probes (2000)

Despite its fundamental importance in genome analysis, it is only recently that systematic approaches have been developed to assess copy number at specific genetic loci, or to examine genomic DNA for submicro-scopic deletions of unknown location. In this report we show that short probes can be recovered and amplified quantitatively following hybridisation to genomic DNA. This simple observation forms the basis of a new approach to determining locus copy number in complex genomes. The power and specificity of multiplex amplifiable probe hybridisation is demonstrated by the simultaneous assessment of copy number at a set of 40 human loci, including detection of deletions causing Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Prader-Willi/Angelman syndromes. Assembly of other probe sets will allow novel, technically simple approaches to a wide variety of genetic analyses, including the potential for extension to high resolution genome-wide screens for deletions and amplifications.
The HoloVizio system (2006)

We present the HoloVizio system design and give an overview about Holografika's approach to the 3D displaying. The patented HoloVizio technology uses a specially arranged array of optical modules and a holographic screen. Each point of the holographic screen emits light beams of different color and intensity to the various directions. The light beams generated in the optical modules hit the screen points in various angles and the holographic screen makes the necessary optical transformation to compose these beams into a perfectly continuous 3D view. With proper software control, light beams leaving the pixels propagate in multiple directions, as if they were emitted from the points of 3D objects at fixed spatial locations. We show that the direction selective light emission is a general requirement for every 3D systems and provide quantitative data on the FOV, on the angular resolution, determining field of depth of the displays, affecting the total number of light beams necessary for high-end 3D displaying. We present the results with the 10 Mpixel desktop display and the 50Mpixel large-scale system. We cover the real-time control issues at high pixel-count systems with the HoloVizio software environment and describe concrete 3D applications developed in the frame of European projects.
Recent Advances in Engineering Polyvalent Biological Interactions (2014)

Polyvalent interactions, where multiple ligands and receptors interact simultaneously, are ubiquitous in nature. Synthetic polyvalent molecules, therefore, have the ability to affect biological processes ranging from protein-ligand binding to cellular signaling. In this review, we discuss recent advances in polyvalent scaffold design and applications. First, we will describe recent developments in the engineering of polyvalent scaffolds based on biomolecules and novel materials. Then, we will illustrate how polyvalent molecules are finding applications as toxin and pathogen inhibitors, targeting molecules, immune response modulators, and cellular effectors.
Volume rendering (1988)

A technique for rendering images of volumes containing mixtures of materials is presented. The shading model allows both the interior of a material and the boundary between materials to be colored. Image projection is performed by simulating the absorption of light along the ray path to the eye. The algorithms used are designed to avoid artifacts caused by aliasing and quantization and can be efficiently implemented on an image computer. Images from a variety of applications are shown.
Dispersive effects in the reflection of femtosecond optical pulses from broadband dielectric mirrors (1985)

The dispersive effects of high-reflectivity broadband mirrors on femtosecond optical pulses have been analyzed for three different multilayer structures. In each case the high-reflectivity zone can be divided into two different regions symmetrically located around the mirror central frequency: high-dispersion and low-dispersion regions. The calculated temporal behavior of the reflected pulse shows high distortion of the pulse profile, a frequency chirp, and a broadening as high as a factor of 5.6, due to a single reflection, within the high-dispersion region. The use of these types of mirror should therefore be strictly limited to their low-dispersion side.
Cloning and analysis of WF146 protease, a novel thermophilic subtilisin-like protease with four inserted surface loops (2003)

Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding WF146 protease, an extracellular subtilisin-like protease from the thermophile Bacillus sp. WF146, revealed that the WF146 protease was translated as a 416-amino acid precursor consisting of a putative 18-amino acid signal peptide, a 10-kDa N-terminal propeptide and a 32-kDa mature protease region. The mature WF146 protease shares a high degree of amino acid sequence identity with two psychrophilic subtilisins, S41 (68.2%) and S39 (65.4%), and a mesophilic subtilisin, SSII (67.1%). Significantly, these closely related proteases adapted to different temperatures all had four inserted surface loops not found in other subtilisins. However, unlike those of S41, S39 and SSII, the inserted loops of the WF146 protease possessed stabilizing features, such as the introduction of Pro residues into the loop regions. Interestingly, the WF146 protease contained five of the seven mutations previously found in a hyperstable variant of subtilisin S41 obtained by directed evolution. The proform of WF146 protease (pro-WF146 protease) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli in an inactive soluble form. After heat treatment, the 42-kDa pro-WF146 protease converted to a 32-kDa active mature form by processing the N-terminal propeptide. The purified mature WF146 protease hydrolyzed casein with an optimum temperature of 85 C, and lost activity with a half-life of 30 min at 80 C in the presence of 10 mM CaCl 2 .
Ylide Chemistry: An Account of Structural, Conformational and Redox Investigations (1983)

Abstract Structural data of phosphorus ylides are summarized and discussed. Conformational preferences in solution and in the solid state, as followed by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, indicate a strong gauche effect for the lone pairs of electrons at the ylidic carbon atom. One- and two-electron oxydation of ylide carbanions is accomplished with copper(II) as the oxidant, leading to oxidative coupling or to halogenation, respectively.
Reduced tumorigenesis in p53 knockout mice exposed in utero to low‐dose vitamin E (2009)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The limited antioxidative capacity of the fetus renders it more susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and possibly to ROS‐mediated cancer initiation or promotion in utero. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, pregnant cancer‐prone p53 knockout mice were prenatally supplemented with a low dietary dose of the antioxidant vitamin E (VE) (0.1% all‐rac‐α ‐tocopherol‐acetate), and the homozygous (−/−) and heterozygous (+/‐) p53‐deficient and wild‐type (+/+) offspring were examined for VE levels, oxidative DNA damage, chromosomal stability, cellular viability and postnatal tumorigenesis. RESULTS: In utero exposure to VE reduced spontaneous postnatal tumorigenesis in p53 +/‐ offspring, and increased VE levels and reduced fetal DNA oxidation in some but not all tissues of p53‐deficient fetuses. Survival of VE‐exposed p53 +/‐ offspring at the end of the study was double that of the +/‐ controls (45% vs 23%). In primary culture of skin fibroblasts from VE‐exposed fetuses, VE did not alter chromosomal ploidy, but reduced cell death, indicating that its protective effect did not involve chromosomal stability. CONCLUSIONS: The tissue‐selective increase in fetal VE levels and reduced DNA oxidation, together with a concomitant reduction in postnatal tumorigenesis, suggest that in utero oxidative stress contributes to some postnatal cancers, and the risk can be reduced by maternal dietary supplementation with low‐dose VE. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The -16 region of Bacillus subtilis and other gram-positive bacterial promoters (1998)

The Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase promoter amy P contains an essential TGTG motif (-16 region) upstream of the -10 region. Mutations of this region significantly reduced in vitro promoter strength. A -15 G-->C transversion eliminated transcription from amy P by both B.subtilis and Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP). A second alpha-amylase promoter ( amy P2) also required the -16 region for function. To determine conserved sequences in promoters containing -16 region elements, sequences of 64 B.subtilis promoters with the second TG motif of the -16 region were aligned and analyzed. Unlike the E.coli class of 'extended -10 promoters', with a similar TG motif but lacking a -35 region, the -16 region promoters contain highly conserved -35 regions. They also contain conserved A n and T n tracts upstream of the -35 region. In addition, we analyzed all available gram-positive bacterial promoter compilations to determine the generality of the -16 region. From this analysis, the -16 region TRTG motif (R = purine) appears to be a basic element found in a large portion of gram-positive bacterial promoters and is, in the case of at least the alpha-amylase promoters, necessary for transcription by the major form of B.subtilis and E.coli RNAP.
Automatic knowledge extraction from documents (2012)

Access to a large amount of knowledge is critical for success at answering open-domain questions for DeepQA systems such as IBM Watson™. Formal representation of knowledge has the advantage of being easy to reason with, but acquisition of structured knowledge in open domains from unstructured data is often difficult and expensive. Our central hypothesis is that shallow syntactic knowledge and its implied semantics can be easily acquired and can be used in many areas of a question-answering system. We take a two-stage approach to extract the syntactic knowledge and implied semantics. First, shallow knowledge from large collections of documents is automatically extracted. Second, additional semantics are inferred from aggregate statistics of the automatically extracted shallow knowledge. In this paper, we describe in detail what kind of shallow knowledge is extracted, how it is automatically done from a large corpus, and how additional semantics are inferred from aggregate statistics. We also briefly discuss the various ways extracted knowledge is used throughout the IBM DeepQA system.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection without cirrhosis (2010)

HCC does occur in patients with non-cirrhotic HCV infection who have other risk factors for hepatocarcinogenesis.
Transforming At-Risk Educational Practices by Understanding and Appreciating Differences. (1992)

A quality education is one of the surest ways this nation's children have to achieve success later in life. Unfortunately, ours is a society that has had difficulty providing an equitable education to all children, given the prevalence of racism, sexism, and classism. Thus, many poor children, women, and children of color are often at risk of receiving less of what is needed for success from the educational system. This is particularly evident when children have membership in multiple microcultures. In this article the author argues that although segments of the educational system may be vulnerable to at-risk educational practices , all children are at risk in a society that is intolerant of differences given the heterogeneity of this democratic country. The meaning of the at-risk terminology in educational circles will be discussed, as will the groups to whom this language is often directed. An analysis as to why at-risk practices occur will be offered along with strategies for change and improvement for elementary and middle school counselors. Disadvantaged and at-risk are extremely popular terms in educational circles. They are often used to denote children who, for a variety of reasons including poverty, neglect, and learning disabilities, may be vulnerable to school failure. In a society in which increased levels of education are needed to compete in a technological world, school failure is indeed a liability and a primary concern of school counselors (Carey, Reinat, & Fontes, 1990). Undoubtedly, schools have been commissioned with the task of providing quality services to children to provide them with necessary tools to resist the derailments (e.g., drugs, unplanned pregnancy) often encountered during adolescence (Robinson & Ward, 1991). Nevertheless, as microcosms of society that has had and continues to have a difficult time appreciating and valuing
Exploiting Charge-Transfer Complexation for Selective Measurement of Gas-Phase Olefins with Nanoparticle-Coated Chemiresistors (2007)

Charge-transfer-mediated olefin-selective sensing by use of chemiresistors (CR) coated with composite films of n-octanethiolate-monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (C8-MPN) and each of several square-planar PtCl2(olefin)(pyridine) coordination complexes is described. Where the gas-phase olefin analyte differs from that initially coordinated to Pt, olefin substitution occurs and is accompanied by a persistent shift in the composite film resistance. Commensurate changes in film mass are also observed with a similarly coated thickness shear mode resonator. Regeneration is possible by exposure to the initially complexed olefin gas or vapor. If the olefin analyte is the same as that initially coordinated to Pt, then a reversible charge-transfer interaction occurs that is accompanied by a decrease in film resistance (increase in film mass), which recovers spontaneously after removal of the olefin from the atmosphere above the sensor. This behavior differs from that of MPN-coated CRs lacking such Pt complexes, which invariably yield resistance increases upon exposure to nonpolar vapors. Red shifts in the UV-vis absorbance spectra of the PtCl2(olefin)(pyridine) complexes in solution upon addition of free olefin support the hypothesis that Pt-olefin coordination in the composite films creates temporary low-resistance pathways that compete effectively with the concurrent increase in tunneling resistance associated with swelling-induced separation of C8-MPN cores. Structurally analogous non-olefins produce only increases in film resistance. Selective measurement of styrene, ethylene, 1-octene, and 1,3-butadiene is illustrated. Olefin detection limits are reduced as much as 23 000-fold by inclusion of the corresponding Pt complex in the CR interface film. Composite films suffer a gradual loss of selectivity from decomposition of the Pt-olefin complex, apparently facilitated by a Au-Pt charge transfer.
Autotaxin and Its Product Lysophosphatidic Acid Suppress Brown Adipose Differentiation and Promote Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice (2012)

Brown adipose tissue is a thermogenic organ that dissipates stored energy as heat to maintain body temperature. This process may also provide protection from development of diet-induced obesity. We report that the bioactive lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) markedly decreases differentiation of cultured primary brown adipocyte precursors, whereas potent selective inhibitors of the LPA-generating enzyme autotaxin (ATX) promote differentiation. Transgenic mice overexpressing ATX exhibit reduced expression of brown adipose tissue-related genes in peripheral white adipose tissue and accumulate significantly more fat than wild-type controls when fed a high-fat diet. Our results indicate that ATX and its product LPA are physiologically relevant negative regulators of brown fat adipogenesis and are consistent with a model in which a decrease in mature peripheral brown adipose tissue results in increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity in mice.