gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absorption spectroscopy and dynamic and static light-scattering studies of ethidium bromide binding to calf thymus DNA: implications for outside-binding and intercalation (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsorption spectroscopy and dynamic and static light-scattering studies of ethidium bromide binding to calf thymus DNA: implications for outside-binding and intercalationEckhard NordmeierCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 14, 6045–6055Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100193a073https://doi.org/10.1021/j100193a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views537Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
En Passant: predicting HTTP/1.1 traffic (2003)

Significant research on the Web is performed using logs collected from proxies and servers. Virtually all of these logs are from sites running the 1.0 version (or earlier) of HTTP. After four years a draft-standard specification of HTTP/1.1 has emerged. However, many proxies and servers still use HTTP/1.0, and most so-called HTTP/1.1 servers do not employ all of the key features available in the protocol. It is not feasible to evaluate the impact of HTTP/1.1 traffic using HTTP/1.0 logs. Thus, there is a need to examine ways of postulating HTTP/1.1 traffic from HTTP/1.0 traffic. This paper presents the En Passant architecture and a tool based on the architecture to convert HTTP/1.0 logs and traffic into plausible HTTP/1.1 traffic based on various parameters representing changes between the two versions of the protocol. The tool takes both the high-level information in HTTP/1.0 server logs and low-level information found in packet traces as input and generates a possible HTTP/1.1 log. We present the set of parameters and the actual feature changes between the protocol that impact the traffic by using a live packet trace as example.
Fast Pyrolysis of Forestry Residue. 3. Storage Stability of Liquid Fuel (2003)

The storage properties of fuels are critical in regard to the introduction of a new fuel into markets. The fuel must be homogeneous, and the properties of the fuel should not change significantly during the storage at the customer's facility. In this research, the storage stability of wood-based pyrolysis liquids was followed by analysis of the changes in the physical properties and chemical composition during storage. The main physicochemical changes took place during the first six months. The high-molecular-mass (HMM) fraction of water-insolubles, which were originally lignin-derived material, increased, because of polymerization and condensation reactions of carbohydrate constituents, aldehydes, and ketones. Therefore, the average molecular mass of pyrolysis liquids increased, which was also observed as an increase in viscosity. There was a clear correlation of the average molecular mass with the viscosity, water-insolubles, and the HMM fraction of water-insolubles. The chemical changes in the aging were similar to those which occurred during the accelerated aging test. The decrease in volatile aldehydes and ketones increased the flash point of the liquids. The increase in viscosity increased the pour point. Water was formed as a byproduct in various condensation reactions. Increases in the amount of water decreased the heating value. The density of the liquid increased, because the increase in HMM lignin fraction was more significant than the increase in water.
Perturbational profiling of a cell-line model of tumorigenesis by using metabolic measurements (2005)

Weinberg and coworkers have used serial transduction of a human, primary fibroblast cell line with the catalytic domain of human telomerase, large T antigen, small T antigen, and an oncogenic allele of H-ras to study stages leading toward a fully transformed cancerous state. We performed a three-dimensional screening experiment using 4 cell lines, 5 small-molecule perturbagens (2-deoxyglucose, oxamate, oligomycin, rapamycin, and wortmannin), and a large number of metabolic measurements. Hierarchical clustering was performed to obtain signatures of the 4 cell lines, 24 cell states, 5 perturbagens, and a number of metabolic parameters. Analysis of these signatures and sensitivities of the cell lines to the perturbagens provided insights into the bioenergetic states of progressively transformed cell lines, the effect of oncogenes on small-molecule sensitivity, and global physiological responses to modulators of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. We have gained insight into the relationship between two models of carcinogenesis, one (the Warburg hypothesis) based on increased energy production by glycolysis in cancer cells in response to aberrant respiration, and one based on cancer-causing genes. Rather than being opposing models, the approach described here suggests that these two models are interlinked. The cancer-causing genes used in this study appear to increase progressively the cell's dependence on glycolytic energy production and to decrease its dependence on mitochondrial energy production. However, mitochondrial biogenesis appears to have a more complex dependence, increasing to its greatest extent at an intermediate degree of transduction rather than at the fully transformed state.
A Throughput-Based Adaptive MIMO-BICM Approach for Spatially-Correlated Channels (2006)

This paper considers low complexity transmission for MIMO bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) in spatially-correlated Rayleigh channels. We consider both statistical beam-forming (SB) and spatial-multiplexing with a zero-forcing (ZF) receiver. We derive tight closed-form bit error rate (BER) expressions based on a saddlepoint approximation. We then propose a practical adaptive algorithm which selects, based on the analytical results, the combination of code-rate, modulation format, and MIMO transmission scheme (SB or ZF) that maximizes throughput whilst maintaining a pre-defined BER.
Misfire Detection by Evaluating Crankshaft Speed - A Means to Comply with OBDII (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An effective method for detecting misfire using crank speed fluctuations has been developed for on-board use in production vehicles. Engine misfire is represented in this method by Engine Roughness identified by crankshaft rotational acceleration. Engine Roughness is calculated for each combustion event and is compared with a speed and load dependent threshold permitting the determination of single or continuous misfire. Correctional functions are applied to avoid erroneous detection during highly transient engine operation. In the wide range of engine speed and load at common driving conditions the detection of single and continuous misfire events is possible without requiring additional sensors or electronic hardware in most cases. This sophisticated method as well as other OBDII functions has already been implemented into 8 bit and 16 bit ECU's. A special fault processing algorithm discriminates between misfire rates causing catalyst damage -an immediate reaction should take place- and misfire rates deteriorating emission levels - the system will react if the fault has been confirmed during the subsequent driving cycle. Experimental results taken from vehicles with 4-, 6-, 8- and 12-cylinder engines with manual and automatic gear transmission show promising compliance with OBDII requirements.&lt;/div&gt;
Amino acid sequence determination and biological activity of therin, a naturally occuring specific trypsin inhibitor from the leech Theromyzon tessulatum (1998)

We purified a trypsin inhibitor, designated therin, from the rhynchobdellid leech Theromyzon tessulatum. Therin was purified to apparent homogeneity by gel-permeation and anion-exchange chromatography followed by reverse-phase HPLC. By a combination of reduction and S-beta-pyridylethylation, Edman degradation and electrospray mass spectrometry measurement, the complete sequence of therin (48 amino acid residues; m/z, 5376.35 +/- 0.22 Da) was determined. Therin exhibits an approximately 30% sequence similarity with peptides of the antistasin-type inhibitors family, i.e. the first and second domains of antistasin, hirustasin, ghilanthen and guamerins (I, II). Therin is a tight-binding inhibitor of trypsin (Ki, 45 +/- 12 pM) and has no action towards elastase or cathepsin G. Furthermore, therin (10(-6) M) in conjunction with theromin, a Theromyzon thrombin inhibitor (10(-6) M) significantly diminish the level of human leucocytes activation induced by lipopolysaccharide (10 microg) in a manner similar to that of aprotinin. These data suggest a leech trypsin inhibitor with possible biomedical significance.
Control of Selectivity between SiGe and Si in Isotropic Etching Processes (2004)

The selectivity between SiGe and Si has been investigated in chemical dry etching. Starting from a pure CF 4 process that etches SiGe with a good selectivity to Si, the modification of the gas mixture was studied with the aim of understanding the way these materials are etched in the presence of O 2 , N 2 and/or CH 2 F 2 . Passivation phenomena were used to show that invert selectivities can be obtained. Their combination leads to ultrahigh Si:SiGe selectivity.
Pulse Decay Permeability: Analytical Solution and Experimental Test (1982)

Abstract A new analytical solution is presented for the laboratory pulse decay permeability problem. With this solution, permeability of a core sample can be calculated from the decay rate of a pressure pulse applied to one end of the sample. This development permits rapid, accurate measurement of permeability in samples such as tight gas sands, limestones, and shales.
Multiple forms of IFN-beta 2/IL-6 in serum and body fluids during acute bacterial infection. (1989)

Many of the major alterations in plasma proteins characteristic of the hepatic acute phase response are regulated by IFN-beta 2/IL-6. Using a specific bioassay for IFN-beta 2/IL-6, which relies on the induction of the hepatic acute phase plasma protein alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in the human hepatoma cell line Hep3B clone 2 and its inhibition by anti-rIFN-beta 2/IL-6 antiserum, we have detected high levels of IFN-beta 2/IL-6 in the body fluids of patients with acute bacterial infections. Cerebrospinal fluid from four patients with acute bacterial meningitis (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, two cases of Listeria monocytogenes) all had high levels of IFN-beta 2/IL-6 (up to 500 ng/ml). Two of these patients with concomitant bacteremia had lower concentrations of IFN-beta 2/IL-6 in the serum (5 to 70 ng/ml). Three additional patients with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Neisseria meningitidis bacteremia had high levels of serum IFN-beta 2/IL-6, as did the ankle fluid of a patient with Streptococcus canis arthritis. Normal cerebrospinal fluid and serum had little detectable IFN-beta 2/IL-6. A combination of immunoaffinity chromatography and immunoblotting procedures were used to characterize the IFN-beta 2/IL-6 species present in a representative sampling of serum and cerebrospinal fluids. Multiple immunoreactive species of IFN-beta 2/IL-6 in the size range 23 to 30 kDa as well as immunoreactive complexes in the range 60 to 70 kDa were detected in human body fluids. This is the first demonstration that previous descriptions of heterogeneity in human IFN-beta 2/IL-6 species produced in cell culture correspond to observations in the infected host.
Effects of Halofenate on Glucose Tolerance in Patients with Hyperlipoproteinemia (1978)

Halofenate, a triglyceride- and uric acid-lowering drug, potentiated the effect of oral hypoglycemics. Its effect on serial glucose tolerance was evaluated in ten patients with hypertriglyceridemia without overt diabetes. Six-hour oral glucose tolerance tests were done during a control period and every 24 weeks over two years of halofenate treatment. Abnormal glucose tolerance (chemical diabetes) was observed during the control period in six of ten patients. The number of abnormal tests gradually decreased to none by 48 weeks. Plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid values during the glucose tolerance tests were reduced significantly. Halofenate induced significant serum uric acid reduction. No significant regressions were observed among levels of lipids, hormones, glucose, and uric acid. The mechanisms by which lipid-lowering drugs improve glucose tolerance are as yet unexplained.
C-Brick: A New Standard for Assembly of Biological Parts Using Cpf1 (2016)

So far, several DNA assembly standards have been developed, enabling scientists to conveniently share and modify characterized DNA parts. However, a majority of the restriction endonucleases used in these standards bear short recognition sites (e.g., 6 bps in BioBrick standard), which are widely distributed and need to be removed before further construction, causing much inconvenience. Although homing endonucleases, which recognize long DNA sequences, can be used for DNA assembly (e.g., iBrick standard), long scars will be left between parts, limiting their application. Here, we introduce a new DNA assembly standard, namely C-Brick, which employs the newly identified class 2 type V CRISPR-Cas systems protein Cpf1 endonuclease. C-Brick integrates both advantages of long recognition sites and short scars. With C-Brick standard, three chromoprotein cassettes were assembled and further expressed in Escherichia coli, producing colorful pigments. Moreover, C-Brick standard is also partially compatible with the BglBrick and BioBrick standards.
Recreational Use, Analysis and Toxicity of Tryptamines (2014)

Information from Internet and from published scientific literature, organized in the way we proposed in this review, provides an effective tool for specialists facing the emerging NPS threat to public health and public security, including the personnel working in Emergency Department.
Acute Appendicitis in Young Adults: Low- versus Standard-Radiation-Dose Contrast-enhanced Abdominal CT for Diagnosis (2011)

Low-dose CT may have comparable diagnostic performance to standard-dose CT for the diagnosis of appendicitis in young adults.
Lodging Pattern of Rice Plant in Broadcast-Seeded and Hand-Transplanted Cultivation (1993)

Broadcast-seeded rice in submerged paddy frequently lodge in the field. In general, the causes of lodging in rice cultivation differ with different cultural methods. This study was conducted to investigate the causes of lodging in broadcast-seeded rice (BSR) and hand-transplanted rice (HTR) under four nitrogen (N) levels. Lodging in BSR was mainly a root lodging due to shallow root distribution, while that in HTR showed a bending type owing to deep rooting system. At the upper soil layer (0-5cm from the surface of ground) the root distribution of BSR (65.2%) was much larger than that of HTR (51.6%), whereas at the 5-10cm soil layer the root distribution of BSR (18.5%) was much smaller than that of HTR (28.0%). The depth of buried culm base was much shallower in BSR (1.2cm) than in HTR (4.0cm). The plant height, fresh weight, lodging index, culm diameter and thickness in HTR were much greater than those in BSR, and the breaking strength of lower internode was similar in the two cultivation methods indicating that HTR would have more lodging causes than BSR. In spite of . the more advantages to lodging resistance in BSR it severely lodged in the field. The main lodging-inducing factors of BSR were the shallow root distribution and shallow depth of buried culm base. Besides these, the higher ratio of gravity center of culm was an important factor. This result suggested that for the fundamental prevention of lodging in BSR, an ideotype of rice plant with ' a deep-rooted behavior ' should be developed.
Amifostine in the treatment of low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. (2000)

Amifostine can ameliorate cytopenia in some patients with MDS, with few and mild side effects. Neutropenia is more likely to be corrected than anemia or thrombocytopenia. Mechanisms underlying this biological effect remain to be clarified.
Efficient assembly of recombinant major histocompatibility complex class I molecules with preformed disulfide bonds (2001)

The expression of major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) crucially depends upon the binding of appropriate peptides. MHC-I from natural sources are therefore always preoccupied with peptides complicating their purification and analysis. Here, we present an efficient solution to this problem. Recombinant MHC-I heavy chains were produced in Escherichia coli and subsequently purified under denaturing conditions. In contrast to common practice, the molecules were not reduced during the purification. The oxidized MHC-I heavy chain isoforms were highly active with respect to peptide binding. This suggests that de novo folding of denatured MHC-I molecules proceed efficiently if directed by preformed disulfide bond(s). Importantly, these molecules express serological epitopes and stain specific T cells; and they bind peptides specifically. Several denatured MHC-I heavy chains were analyzed and shown to be of a quality, which allowed quantitative analysis of peptide binding. The analysis of the specificity of the several hundred human MHC haplotypes, should benefit considerably from the availability of pre-oxidized recombinant MHC-I.
The Theory of Atomic Spectra (1952)

1. Introduction 2. The quantum mechanical method 3. Angular momentum 4. The theory of radiation 5. One-electron spectra 6. The central-field approximation 7. The Russell-Saunders case: energy levels 8. The Russell-Saunders case: eigenfunctions 9. The Russell-Saunders case: line strengths 10. Coupling 11. Intermediate coupling 12. Transformations in the theory of complex spectra 13. Configurations containing almost closed shells. X-rays 14. Central fields 15. Configuration interaction 16. The Zeeman effect 17. The Stark effect 18. The nucleus in atomic spectra Appendix. Universal constants and natural atomic units.
Multiple-channel routing in a linear lightwave network (1991)

This work is aimed at solving the problem of routing in a "linear" lightwave network (LLN).1 A LLN is an optical network in which the network nodes perform only linear operations on optical signals: power combining, dividing, and possibly linear (i.e., nonregenerative) amplification. The transport of a signal from a transmitter to a receiver is all optical, with no electro-optic conversion taking place anywhere except at the transmitters and receivers themselves. Thus, the network contains no electronic bottlenecks. LLN's can have arbitrary mesh-type topologies for reliability and load distribution.
A Self-Sampling Method to Obtain Large Volumes of Undiluted Cervicovaginal Secretions (2003)

This is a rapid and convenient self-sampling method for obtaining relatively large volumes of undiluted cervicovaginal secretions. It should prove suitable for a wide range of assays, including those involving sexually transmitted diseases, microbicides, vaginal physiology, immunology, and pathophysiology.
Cellular programming and reprogramming : methods and protocols (2010)

Before the therapeutic potential of cell replacement therapy or the development of therapeutic drugs for stimulating the body’s own regenerative ability to repair cells damaged by disease and injury can be fully realized, control of stem cell fate, immuno-rejection, and limited cell sources must be overcome. In Cellular Programming and Reprogramming: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers cover the most recent technologies and their related mechanisms involved in the programming and reprogramming of cell fate. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, laboratory protocols, and notes to highlight tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Essential and cutting-edge, Cellular Programming and Reprogramming: Methods and Protocols promises to aid scientists attempting to advance stem cell biology in order to better treat devastating human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, musculoskeletal disease, diabetes, and cancer
Beyond best effort (1998)

With the transformation of the Internet into a commercial infrastructure, the ability to provide differentiated services to users with widely varying requirements is rapidly becoming as important a...
Nonlinear optical measurement of membrane potential around single molecules at selected cellular sites (1999)

Membrane potential around single molecules has been measured by using the nonlinear optical phenomenon of second harmonic generation. This advance results from the interaction between a highly dipolar molecule with a selectively directed highly polarizable 1-nm gold particle. With this approach, a second harmonic signal, which is enhanced by the nanoparticle, is detected from a volume of nanometric dimensions. This present work clearly shows that functional cellular imaging around single molecules is possible by selectively directing an antibody with a 1-nm gold label to a specific membrane protein. The results of this work open the way for three-dimensional, high resolution functional imaging of membrane electrophysiology in cells and cellular networks.
Gas6 Anti-apoptotic Signaling Requires NF-κB Activation (2001)

The growth arrest-specific 6 gene product Gas6 is a growth and survival factor related to protein S. Gas6 is the ligand of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase; upon binding to its receptor Gas6 activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase (PI3K) and its downstream targets S6K and Akt. Gas6 anti-apoptotic signaling was previously shown to require functional PI3K and Akt and to involve Bad phosphorylation in serum-starved NIH 3T3 cells. Here we demonstrate that Gas6 induces a rapid and transient increase in nuclear NF-kappa B binding activity coupled to transcription activation from NF-kappa B-responsive promoters and increase in Bcl-x(L) protein level. Gas6 survival function is impaired in cells lacking p65/RelA and in NIH 3T3 cells transfected with a dominant negative I kappa B, indicating that NF-kappa B activation plays a central role in promoting survival in this system. Moreover, NF-kappa B activation can be blocked by a dominant negative Akt and by wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K, thus suggesting that NF-kappa B activation is a downstream event with respect to PI3K and Akt, as already described for other growth factors. In addition, we show that glycogen synthase kinase 3, which is phosphorylated in response to Gas6, can physically associate with NFKB1/p105 in living cells and can phosphorylate it in vitro. Furthermore, Gas6 treatment is coupled to a decrease in p105 protein level. Altogether these data suggest the involvement of NF-kappa B and glycogen synthase kinase 3 in Gas6 anti-apoptotic signaling and unveil a possible link between these survival pathways.