gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptide-mediated RNA delivery: a novel approach for enhanced transfection of primary and post-mitotic cells (2001)

Synthetic vectors were evaluated for their ability to mediate efficient mRNA transfection. Initial results indicated that lipoplexes, but not polyplexes based on polyethylenimine (PEI, 25 and 22 kDa), poly(L-lysine) (PLL, 54 kDa) or dendrimers, mediated efficient translation of mRNA in B16-F10 cells. Significant mRNA transfection was achieved by lipoplex delivery in quiescent (passage 0) human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and by passage 4, 10.7% of HUVEC were transfected compared to 0.84% with DNA. Lack of expression with PEI 25 kDa/mRNA or PLL 54 kDa/mRNA in a cell-free translation assay and following cytoplasmic injection into Rat1 cells indicated that these polyplexes were too stable to release mRNA. In contrast, polyplexes formed using smaller PEI 2 kDa and PLL 3.4 kDa gave 5-fold greater expression in B16-F10 cells compared to DOTAP, but were dependent on chloroquine for transfection activity. Endosomolytic activity was incorporated by conjugating PEI 2 kDa to melittin and resulting PEI 2 kDa-melittin/mRNA polyplexes mediated high transfection levels in HeLa cells (31.1 +/- 4.1%) and HUVEC (58.5 +/- 2.9%) in the absence of chloroquine, that was potentiated to 52.2 +/- 2.7 and 71.6 +/- 1.7%, respectively, in the presence of chloroquine. These results demonstrate that mRNA polyplexes based on peptide-modified low molecular weight polycations can possess versatile properties including endosomolysis that should enable efficient non-viral mRNA transfection of quiescent and post-mitotic cells.
Hexose phosphate binding sites of fructose-6-phosphate,2-kinase:fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. Interaction with N-bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate and 3-bromo-1,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 1,4-bisphosphate. (1984)

N-Bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate and 3-bromo-1,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 1,4-bisphosphate have been tested in order to study the hexose phosphate binding sites of a bifunctional enzyme, fructose-6-P,2-kinase:fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. N-Bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate is a competitive inhibitor with respect to fructose-6-P (Ki = 0.24 mM) and a noncompetitive inhibitor with ATP (Ki = 0.8 mM). The reagent inactivates fructose-6-P,2-kinase but not fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, and the inactivation is prevented by fructose-6-P. The inactivation reaction follows pseudo first-order kinetics to completion and with increasing concentrations of N-bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate a rate saturation effect is observed. The concentration of the reagent giving the half-maximum inactivation is 2.2 mM and the apparent first order rate constant is 0.0046 s-1. The enzyme alkylated by N-bromoacetylethanolamine-P has lost over 90% of the kinase activity, retains nearly full activity of fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, and its inhibition by fructose-6-P is not altered. 3-Bromo-1,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 1,4-bisphosphate is also a competitive inhibitor of fructose-6-P,2-kinase with respect to fructose-6-P in the forward reaction and fructose-2,6-P2 in the reverse direction. This reagent inhibits 93% of fructose-6-P,2-kinase but activates fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3.7-fold. 3-Bromo-1,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 1,4-bisphosphate alters the fructose-2,6-P2 saturation kinetic curve from negative cooperativity to normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics with K0.5 of 0.8 microM. The reagent, however, has no effect on the fructose-6-P inhibition of the phosphatase. These results strongly suggest that hexose phosphate binding sites of fructose-6-P,2-kinase and fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase are distinct and located in different regions of this bifunctional enzyme.
DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) for genome scale research in life science (2002)

The DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ, http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp) has made an effort to collect as much data as possible mainly from Japanese researchers. The increase rates of the data we collected, annotated and released to the public in the past year are 43% for the number of entries and 52% for the number of bases. The increase rates are accelerated even after the human genome was sequenced, because sequencing technology has been remarkably advanced and simplified, and research in life science has been shifted from the gene scale to the genome scale. In addition, we have developed the Genome Information Broker (GIB, http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp) that now includes more than 50 complete microbial genome and Arabidopsis genome data. We have also developed a database of the human genome, the Human Genomics Studio (HGS, http://studio.nig.ac.jp). HGS provides one with a set of sequences being as continuous as possible in any one of the 24 chromosomes. Both GIB and HGS have been updated incorporating newly available data and retrieval tools.
Amino-terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide Testing – Recent Lessons Learned (2006)

The use of natriuretic peptide testing has dramatically risen recently, in recognition of the value of these blood tests for assisting in the evaluation of patients with suspected heart failure (HF). B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is formed as a consequence of production of a 108-amino-acid precursor peptide that is synthesised within the cardiomyocyte; this 'pro-BNP108' is subsequently cleaved at the time of release of the peptide by the cardiomyocyte into two fragments: the 32-amino-acid BNP and the 76-amino-acid amino-terminal portion (NT-proBNP).
Improved delineation of glioma margins and regions of infiltration with the use of diffusion tensor imaging: an image-guided biopsy study. (2006)

Diffusion tensor imaging can better delineate the tumor margin in gliomas. Such techniques can improve the delineation of the radiation therapy target volume for gliomas and potentially can direct local therapies for tumor infiltration.
Strain-dependent alterations in the expression of folate pathway genes following teratogenic exposure to valproic acid in a mouse model (1997)

The molecular basis for the well-established hierarchy of susceptibility to valproic acid-induced neural tube defects in inbred mouse strains was examined using in situ transcription and anti-sense RNA amplification methodologies with both univariate and multivariate analyses of the resulting gene expression data. The highly sensitive SWV strain demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of the folate binding protein (FBP-1) following the teratogenic insult at gestational day 8:18, while the more resistant LM/Bc embryos were up-regulating this gene in response to valproic acid treatment. More importantly, at all 3 gestational timepoints spanning the period of murine neural tube closure examined in this study, the LM/Bc embryos had significantly higher MTHFR (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) gene expression levels compared to the SWV embryos. As this folate pathway enzyme is important in homocysteine and methionine metabolism, it suggests that the SWV embryos may be hypomethylated, and essential gene expression during critical periods of neural tube closure is compromised by the teratogenic exposure to valproic acid. This study represents the first evidence of a strain difference in transcriptional activity in response to a teratogenic exposure that might be causally related to the development of the teratogen-induced congenital malformations.
Streptococcal Preparation (OK-432) Inhibits Development of Type I Diabetes in NOD Mice (1986)

OK-432 (a streptococcal preparation) has been widely used for cancer immunotherapy in Japan. It is the most potent immunomodulator in activating both macrophages and killer T cells and in increasing interleukin 2 production. Two K.E. (Klinische Einheit, clinical unit) of OK-432 were given intraperitoneally to each of 17 female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice every week from 4-24 wk of age. NOD mice as well as BB rats spontaneously develop type I diabetes. During administration of OK-432, the development of diabetes was inhibited in 17 of 17 mice over the 24-wk observation period, whereas 14 of 17 female NOD mice given physiological saline had developed diabetes by 24 wk of age. At the onset of diabetes, nonfasting blood glucose was 511 +/- 82 mg/dl. Histologic examination showed that in the OK-432-treated NOD mice, 98% of total islets were intact or mildly infiltrated with mononuclear cells, whereas in saline-treated NOD mice, 79% of total islets exhibited severe insulitis. In OK-432-treated NOD mice, both the number of the mononuclear spleen cells and their natural killer cell activity was significantly increased.
Patterning of Polymeric Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications (2001)

Surface-patterned 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydrogels were produced by using a method similar to the silicon-rubber stamp fabrication for microcontact printing. Polymerization and network formation were carried out in contact with a micromachined silicon wafer. The polymeric patterns retained their shape during isotropic swelling/deswelling cycles. The use of microstructured hydrogels in tissue engineering can be envisaged.
Psychosocial ramifications of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games (2010)

The Beijing Olympic Games, one of the most significant social events for contemporary China, is a milestone for China's efforts for globalization. ‘One World, One Dream’, the motto of the Beijing Olympic Games, is an embodiment of the encounter between Chinese culture and Western civilization, and a symbol of integration between China and the rest of the world. This Special Section seeks to address the psychosocial ramifications of the Beijing Olympic Games and, thereby, to shed light on China's domestic situation and its international relations from a social psychological perspective. Moving beyond the psychology of athletic excellence, the four papers included use a wide range of methods, ranging from longitudinal tracking to priming, to examining self‐construal and volunteering, to representations of China's past and future, competition towards foreigners, and perceived intercultural differences. Consistently found across the papers, patriotism was associated with ingroup cohesion, whereas nationalism was associated with competition and differentiation towards outgroups. This Special Section thereby pays tribute to the social psychological significance of the Beijing Olympic Games to China and the world.
Classification of Male‐Sterile Cytoplasms in Maize (Zea mays L.)1 (1971)

Summary Thirty lines with male‐sterile cytoplasm were backcrossed to a series of maize ( Zea mays L.) inbreds. Each cytoplasm gave male‐sterile plants in certain inbred backgrounds and partially or completely male‐fertile plants in other backgrounds. The cytoplasms were divided into groups according to the pattern of fertility restoration observed. Each group appears to be composed of similar if not identical cytoplasms. The major groups are designated the Texas Group, the S Group, and the C Group. A fourth group (P) probably belongs to the Texas Group but may be distinct. A few sources of cytoplasm require further testing before they can be assigned to a group. C cytoplasm is assigned the permanent genetic symbol cms 3 .
Application of Partial-response Channel Coding to Magnetic Recording Systems (1970)

A magnetic recording channel can be regarded as a “partial-response” channel because of its inherent differentiation in the readback process. The conventional NRZI method of recording is shown to be equivalent to the “precoding” of this particular partial-response channel, the purpose of which is to limit the propagation of error in the channel output. Using this new viewpoint, one can readily adopt an error detection scheme (developed for general partial-response channels) that takes full advantage of the inherent redundancy in the three-level channel output. The detection scheme is optimum in the sense that it detects all detectable errors with minimum delay.
Detection of motility and putative synthesis of flagellar proteins in Salmonella pullorum cultures (1997)

Salmonella pullorum is a host-adapted pathogen of poultry previously thought to be nonmotile and nonflagellated. We discovered that motility can be induced in this organism under special medium conditions, and this motility was observed in 39 of 44 S. pullorum isolates tested. The migration appeared to occur only on the medium surface and not within the medium itself, indicating that swimming may not be responsible for this event. Agar concentration, carbohydrate concentration and type, and temperature of incubation all affected the motility. Flagellar stains and transmission electron micrographs of the motile S. pullorum culture showed long fibrous appendages resembling flagella extending from the cells, but these appendages were thinner and less numerous than the flagella observed on Salmonella enteritidis. Antisera to G flagellar antigens reacted strongly with the induced-motility S. pullorum culture, indicating that G epitopes were expressed on these cells. These results indicate that, contrary to the paradigm which held that S. pullorum is nonmotile and nonflagellated, motility can be induced in S. pullorum and that the organism appears to have the capacity to produce flagella.
A cellular survival switch: poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation stimulates DNA repair and silences transcription (2001)

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification occurring in the nucleus. The most abundant and best-characterized enzyme catalyzing this reaction, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), participates in fundamental nuclear events. The enzyme functions as molecular "nick sensor". It binds with high affinity to DNA single-strand breaks resulting in the initiation of its catalytic activity. Activated PARP1 promotes base excision repair. In addition, PARP1 modifies several transcription factors and thereby precludes their binding to DNA. We propose that a major function of PARP1 includes the silencing of transcription preventing expression of damaged genes. Concomitant stimulation of DNA repair suggests that PARP1 acts as a switch between transcription and DNA repair. Another PARP-type enzyme, tankyrase, is involved in the regulation of telomere elongation. Tankyrase modifies a telomere-associated protein and thereby prevents it masking telomeric repeats providing access of telomerase for telomere elongation. Therefore, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reactions may act as molecular switches in DNA metabolism.
Interleukin-10 induces a long-term antigen-specific anergic state in human CD4+ T cells. (1996)

Human CD4+ T cells, activated by allogeneic monocytes in a primary mixed lymphocyte reaction in the presence of exogenous interleukin (IL) 10, specifically failed to proliferate after restimulation with the same alloantigens. A comparable state of T cell unresponsiveness could be induced by activation of CD4+ T cells by cross-linked anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the presence of exogenous IL-10. The anergic T cells failed to produce IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The IL-10-induced anergic state was long-lasting. T cell anergy could not be reversed after restimulation of the cells with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs, although CD3 and CD28 expression was normal. In addition, restimulation of anergized T cells with anti-CD3 mAbs induced normal Ca2+ fluxes and resulted in increased CD3, CD28, and class II major histocompatibility complex expression, indicating that calcineurin-mediated signaling occurs in these anergic cells. However, the expression of the IL-2 receptor alpha chain was not upregulated, which may account for the failure of exogenous IL-2 to reverse the anergic state. Interestingly, anergic T cells and their nonanergic counterparts showed comparable levels of proliferation and cytokine production after activation with phorbol myristate acetate and Ca2+ ionophore, indicating that a direct activation of a protein kinase C-dependent pathway can overcome the tolerizing effect of IL-10. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IL-10 induces T cell anergy and therefore may play an important role in the induction and maintenance of antigen-specific T cell tolerance.
Electric Field Effect Tuning of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Graphene (2007)

Gate-modulated low-temperature Raman spectra reveal that the electric field effect (EFE), pervasive in contemporary electronics, has marked impacts on long-wavelength optical phonons of graphene. The EFE in this two-dimensional honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms creates large density modulations of carriers with linear dispersion (known as Dirac fermions). Our EFE Raman spectra display the interactions of lattice vibrations with these unusual carriers. The changes of phonon frequency and linewidth demonstrate optically the particle-hole symmetry about the charge-neutral Dirac point. The linear dependence of the phonon frequency on the EFE-modulated Fermi energy is explained as the electron-phonon coupling of massless Dirac fermions.
Differential Gene Expression of Blood-Derived Cell Lines in Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (2004)

Our data indicate that in FCHL, a disease-specific transcription profile is detectable in immortalized cell lines easily obtained from peripheral blood and provide complementary information to classical genetic approaches to FCHL and/or the metabolic syndrome.
Novel NADP-linked alcohol–aldehyde/ketone oxidoreductase in thermophilic ethanologenic bacteria (1981)

An NADP-specific alcohol--aldehyde/ketone oxidoreductase was detected in cell extracts of Thermoanaerobium brockii and Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum, but not in Thermobacteroides acetoethylicus or Clostridium thermocellum. The enzyme was purified from Ta. brockii by differential procedures that included heat treatment and an affinity-chromatography step on Blue Dextran--Sepharose. The 44-fold-purified enzyme displayed one band (mol.wt. approx. 40000) after sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The enzyme had a broad substrate specificity that included linear and branched primary alcohols, linear and cyclic secondary alcohols, linear and cyclic ketones, and acetaldehyde. The NADP-specific alcohol--aldehyde/ketone oxidoreductase was considerably more active towards secondary alcohols than towards other substrates. The enzyme had remarkable stability to heating at 86 degrees C for 70 min, but was rapidly denatured on boiling. Secondary-alcohol dehydrogenase activity displayed a noticeable inflexion point at 50 degrees C in Arrhenius plots and a high Q10 value (greater than 2.0). The enzyme was inactivated by the thiol-blocking reagent p-chloromercuribenzoate, but was not significantly inhibited by common metal-ion-binding agents. The NADP-linked alcohol--aldehyde/ketone oxidoreductase of Ta. brockii appears to have properties distinct from those of previously described primary- and secondary-alcohol dehydrogenases.
Activation and Localization of Transcription Factor, Nuclear Factor- κ B, in Asthma (1998)

Asthma is associated with increased expression of inflammatory proteins including cytokines, enzymes, and adhesion molecules. Induction of many of the genes for these proteins is regulated by the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). We therefore examined whether airway cells from patients with asthma show increased activation of NF-kappaB. Nuclear proteins were extracted from cells of induced sputum and from bronchial biopsies of normal subjects and patients with asthma. NF-kappaB-binding to its consensus DNA binding site, as investigated with 32P-labeled oligonucleotides and electrophoretic-mobility-shift assay, showed a 2.5-fold increase (p < 0.003) in NF-kappaB-DNA binding in induced sputum of asthma patients. Nuclear staining, representing activated NF-kappaB, was observed in macrophages of induced sputum. Immunohistochemical examination of bronchial biopsy specimens with an antibody to p65, a constituent of NF-kappaB, showed more airway epithelial cells with nuclear staining in asthma patients (45.1 +/- 7.2% versus 20.7 +/- 3.9%; n = 9; p < 0.01), and a 2.5-fold greater number of cells with cytoplasmic staining in the mucosal region (p < 0.05). Pooled nuclear extracts of bronchial biopsy specimens from asthma patients showed a 44% greater level of NF-kappaB-DNA binding. Activation of NF-kappaB may be the basis for increased expression of many inflammatory genes and for the perpetuation of chronic airway inflammation in asthma.
A new DC-to-AC inverter with dynamic robust performance (2002)

In this paper a new bidirectional inverter with nonlinear robust controller is presented to improve the circuit performance. In the control strategy, the output voltage is fedback and the input voltage and the inductor voltage are feedforwarded and combined in a special nonlinear way. As a result the output voltage remains dynamically robust when the input voltage and output current have large disturbances. Simulation has been performed for the new inverter. An experimental prototype was built to verify the analysis. Experimental results agree well with the simulation results.
Management of Cholestatic Pruritus in Paediatric Patients With Alagille Syndrome (2013)

The management of cholestatic pruritus in AGS is difficult and often suboptimal. Pruritus may remain intractable even with combination medical treatment, and at this stage, surgery or liver transplantation is indicated. At our centre, pruritus was successfully treated in 80.4% of patients with medical and surgical management.
Mutation of a Chitinase-Like Gene Causes Ectopic Deposition of Lignin, Aberrant Cell Shapes, and Overproduction of Ethylene (2002)

Chitinase-like proteins have long been proposed to play roles in normal plant growth and development, but no mutations in chitinase-like genes have been obtained previously to support this hypothesis. In this study, we have shown that the gene responsible for the elp1 mutation in Arabidopsis encodes a chitinase-like protein (AtCTL1). Mutation of this chitinase-like gene caused ectopic deposition of lignin and aberrant shapes of cells with incomplete cell walls in the pith of inflorescence stems. The AtCTL1 gene was expressed in all organs during normal plant growth and development, but it was not induced by wounding, salicylic acid, pectin fragments, or ethylene. Consistent with its ubiquitous expression pattern, mutation of the AtCTL1 gene affected many aspects of plant growth and development, including exaggerated hook curvature, reduced length and increased diameter of hypocotyls in dark-grown seedlings, and reduced root length and increased number of root hairs in light-grown seedlings. The mutant phenotypes could be rescued partially by ethylene inhibitors, and ethylene production in the mutant was significantly greater than in the wild type. Together, these results suggest that AtCTL1, a chitinase-like gene, is essential for normal plant growth and development in Arabidopsis.
Aberrant septin 9 DNA methylation in colorectal cancer is restricted to a single CpG island (2013)

Hypermethylation of SEPT9 in adenoma and CRC specimens is confined to one of several CpG islands of this gene. Tumor-associated aberrant methylation originates in epithelial cells; stromal cells appear to acquire hypermethylation subsequent to epithelial cells, possibly through field effects. The region in SEPT9 with disease-related hypermethylation also contains the CpGs targeted by a novel blood-based screening test (Epi proColon®), providing further support for the clinical relevance of this biomarker.