gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myelotoxic, neurotoxic and reproductive adverse effects of nitrous oxide. (1994)

N2O is a relatively safe general anaesthetic under normal medical and dental anaesthetic use. It is more likely to produce megaloblastosis or neuropathy when used repetitively or for periods longer than 3 hours or in individuals with vitamin B12 deficiencies. The mechanism responsible for its myelotoxicity, neurotoxicity and most likely its reproductive toxicity, involves its inhibition of MetSyn and the resulting reduction in SAM and THF levels. Administration of folinic acid or methionine have been shown to protect against megaloblastosis and neurotoxicity occurring following N2O administration. Occupational N2O exposure of medical and dental personnel during its use as an analgesic is not likely to produce adverse reproductive outcomes except in B12-deficient individuals or in those routinely exposed to high N2O levels.
Distribution of Poliovirus Antibody in Serum, Nasopharynx and Alimentary Tract Following Segmental Immunization of Lower Alimentary Tract with Poliovaccine (1969)

Summary Poliovirus antibody response in serum, nasopharynx and segments of the lower alimentary tract has been studied following immunization of the distal segment of the colon in twelve patients with double-barrel surgical eolostomy. The response was characterized by the appearance of secretory γA antibody in the immunized segment of colon. The antibody appeared 14 days after immunization and gradually increased in titer. Low levels of γA antibody appeared in the segments of colon that were in close proximity to the immunized segment. However, antibody activity in the nasopharynx was conspicuously absent. Subsequent oral administration of live poliovaccine after the closure of the colostomy in three patients, who had previously received immunization of the distal colon with live vaccine, elicited an appreciable antibody response in the nasopharynx. Pre-existing levels of antibody in rectal washings did not influence nasopharyngeal susceptibility to infection. However, virus excretion in rectal washings was significantly limited.
Recent Advances in β-Thalassemias (2011)

β-thalassemias are heterogeneous hereditary anemias characterized by a reduced output of β-globin chains. The disease is most frequent in the temperate regions of the world, where it represents an important health problem. In the last decades, several programs, aimed at controlling the birth rate of thalassemia newborns by screening and prenatal diagnosis of populations with high risk of β-thalassemia, have been successful accomplished. Bone marrow transplantation has offered a definitive cure for the fraction of patients with available donors. In the same time, steady improvements were made in the traditional clinical management of β-thalassemia patients. The introduction of the oral iron chelators deferiprone that preferentially chelates hearth iron and the development of novel NMR diagnostic methods has led to reduced morbility, increased survival and improved quality of life. More recently, major advances have being made in the discovery of critical modifier genes, such as Myb and especially BCL11A (B cell lymphoma 11A), a master regulator of HbF (fetal hemoglobin) and hemoglobin switching. Polimorphysms of BCL11A, Myb and γ-globin genes account for most of the variability in the clinical phenotypes in β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia patients. Finally, the year 2010 has brought in the first successful experiment of gene therapy in a β-thalassemia patient, opening up the perspective of a generalized cure for all β- thalassemia patients.
Characterization of celery juices made of different celery varieties at different irrigation levels (2006)

Celery juices were made of different Apium graveolens L. cultivars cultivated at different irrigation levels. In the juices different analytical parameters were investigated. The soluble solid is highly dependent on the cultivar. In genuine juices from the cultivar Monarch a lower concentration of soluble solids (7.83°Brix) was detectable, whereas in juices from Bergers weisse Kugel higher °Brix values (10.25°Brix) were analysed. This is reflected by the sugar content, i.e. glucose, fructose and saccharose concentrations were dependent on the variety. Noticeably, a high mineral compound content, in particular the valuable nutrients calcium and potassium was found in all celery juices. Furocumarines were found at levels between 2.0 and 5.6 mg/l in the juices. Independent of the irrigation level there were higher furocumarin concentrations in the variety Bergers weiBe Kugel. As main compounds 8-methoxypsoralen/psoralen (no sufficient separation), 5-methoxypsoralen and isopimpinellin were detected. Angelicin was not detected in any juice, traces of bergamottin were analysed in one single juice. Stress factors such as dryness or wetness my have resulted in an increase in furocumarin content.
Effect of Probiotics on Central Nervous System Functions in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review (2016)

To systematically review the effects of probiotics on central nervous system function in animals and humans, to summarize effective interventions (species of probiotic, dose, duration), and to analyze the possibility of translating preclinical studies. Literature searches were conducted in Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Only randomized controlled trials were included. In total, 38 studies were included: 25 in animals and 15 in humans (2 studies were conducted in both). Most studies used <i>Bifidobacterium</i> (eg, <i>B. longum</i>, <i>B. breve</i> , and <i>B. infantis</i> ) and <i>Lactobacillus</i> (eg, <i>L. helveticus</i> , and <i>L. rhamnosus</i> ), with doses between 10⁸ and 10¹⁰ colony-forming units for 2 weeks in animals and 4 weeks in humans. These probiotics showed efficacy in improving psychiatric disorder-related behaviors including anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, and memory abilities, including spatial and non-spatial memory. Because many of the basic science studies showed some efficacy of probiotics on central nervous system function, this background may guide and promote further preclinical and clinical studies. Translating animal studies to human studies has obvious limitations but also suggests possibilities. Here, we provide several suggestions for the translation of animal studies. More experimental designs with both behavioral and neuroimaging measures in healthy volunteers and patients are needed in the future.
Detection of Viral RNA by Fluorescence <em>in situ</em> Hybridization (FISH) (2012)

Viruses that infect cells elicit specific changes to normal cell functions which serve to divert energy and resources for viral replication. Many aspects of host cell function are commandeered by viruses, usually by the expression of viral gene products that recruit host cell proteins and machineries. Moreover, viruses engineer specific membrane organelles or tag on to mobile vesicles and motor proteins to target regions of the cell (during de novo infection, viruses co-opt molecular motor proteins to target the nucleus; later, during virus assembly, they will hijack cellular machineries that will help in the assembly of viruses). Less is understood on how viruses, in particular those with RNA genomes, coordinate the intracellular trafficking of both protein and RNA components and how they achieve assembly of infectious particles at specific loci in the cell. The study of RNA localization began in earlier work. Developing lower eukaryotic embryos and neuronal cells provided important biological information, and also underscored the importance of RNA localization in the programming of gene expression cascades. The study in other organisms and cell systems has yielded similar important information. Viruses are obligate parasites and must utilise their host cells to replicate. Thus, it is critical to understand how RNA viruses direct their RNA genomes from the nucleus, through the nuclear pore, through the cytoplasm and on to one of its final destinations, into progeny virus particles. FISH serves as a useful tool to identify changes in steady-state localization of viral RNA. When combined with immunofluorescence (IF) analysis, FISH/IF co-analyses will provide information on the co-localization of proteins with the viral RNA. This analysis therefore provides a good starting point to test for RNA-protein interactions by other biochemical or biophysical tests, since co-localization by itself is not enough evidence to be certain of an interaction. In studying viral RNA localization using a method like this, abundant information has been gained on both viral and cellular RNA trafficking events. For instance, HIV-1 produces RNA in the nucleus of infected cells but the RNA is only translated in the cytoplasm. When one key viral protein is missing (Rev), FISH of the viral RNA has revealed that the block to viral replication is due to the retention of the HIV-1 genomic RNA in the nucleus. Here, we present the method for visual analysis of viral genomic RNA in situ. The method makes use of a labelled RNA probe. This probe is designed to be complementary to the viral genomic RNA. During the in vitro synthesis of the antisense RNA probe, the ribonucleotide that is modified with digoxigenin (DIG) is included in an in vitro transcription reaction. Once the probe has hybridized to the target mRNA in cells, subsequent antibody labelling steps (Figure 1) will reveal the localization of the mRNA as well as proteins of interest when performing FISH/IF.
Stress among national politicians elected to Parliament for the first time (2003)

Abstract Previous research has shown that levels of stress among national politicians are higher than among workers in comparable management jobs. The election of 236 new Members of Parliament (MPs) in the 1997 UK General Election permitted longitudinal study. The General Health Questionnaire‐12 and Occupational Stress Indicator measured psychological and physical stress in comparable groups at pre‐election (T1; n = 29) or 3‐month post‐election (T2; n = 66) time‐points and at 1‐year follow‐up (T3; n = 66). Stress increased from T1 to T2 and was predicted by factors at the home–work interface (p &lt; 0.001). Politicians in poor psychological health reported long working hours and no emotional support (p &lt; 0.05). At T3 psychological symptoms returned to T1 levels, while physical stress remained elevated for male MPs, those with children and those in the party in Government (p &lt; 0.05). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of human pancreatic ribonuclease through mutation at its N-terminal edge (2002)

Enzyme stability can be an important parameter in the design of recombinant toxins because unstable proteins are often degraded before they can reach their cellular target. There is great interest in the design of human pancreatic ribonuclease variants that could be cytotoxic against tumoral cells. To this end, some residues in the protein need to be substituted, but this may result in a loss of stability. Previous papers have reported the production of N- and C-terminal human pancreatic ribonuclease variants with increased thermal stability. Here, we investigated the contribution of the different amino acid changes at the N-terminus of the protein to its thermostability increase. We show that this increase correlates with the helical propensity of the first alpha-helix of the protein. On the other hand, deletion of the four last residues of the protein does not affect its thermal stability. These results set the basis for the design of a human pancreatic ribonuclease template on which amino acid substitutions can be made that could render the enzyme cytotoxic, without an important loss in its stability.
New Basic Membrane-Destabilizing Peptides for Plasmid-Based Gene Delivery in Vitro and in Vivo (2002)

We have designed new basic amphiphilic peptides, ppTG1 and ppTG20 (20 amino acids), and evaluated their efficiencies in vitro and in vivo as single-component gene transfer vectors. ppTG1 and ppTG20 bind to nucleic acids and destabilize liposomes consisting of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) and cholesterol (3:1 mol/mol) at pH 5 and pH 7. Complexes of plasmid DNA and ppTG1 gave rise to efficient transfection in a variety of human and murine cell lines at low charge ratios ([+/-] between 1 and 2). In cell culture experiments, such vectors were superior to the membrane-destabilizing peptide KALA. In comparison with cationic lipid-, dendrimer-, and polymer-based transfection agents like Superfect, polyethylenimine (PEI), and Lipofectin, ppTG1 vectors showed good transfection efficiencies, especially at low DNA doses. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time successful gene transfer in living animals with a single-component peptide vector. In the mouse, intravenous injection of a luciferase expression plasmid complexed with ppTG1 or ppTG20 led to significant gene expression in the lung 24 hours after injection. Structure-function studies with ppTG1, ppTG20, and sequence variants suggest that the high gene transfer activity of these peptides is correlated with their propensity to exist in alpha-helical conformation, which seems to be strongly influenced by the nature of the hydrophobic amino acids.
Mild cognitive impairment: animal models (2004)

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an aspect of cognitive aging that is considered to be a transitional state between normal aging and the dementia into which it may convert. Appropriate animal models are necessary in order to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of MCI and develop drugs for its treatment. In this review, we identify the features that should characterize an animal model of MCI, namely old age, subtle memory impairment, mild neuropathological changes, and changes in the cholinergic system, and the age at which these features can be detected in laboratory animals. These features should occur in aging animals with normal motor activity and feeding behavior. The animal models may be middle-aged rats and mice, rats with brain ischemia, transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 (tested at an early stage), or aging monkeys. Memory deficits can be detected by selecting appropriately difficult behavioral tasks, and the deficits can be associated with neuropathological alterations. The reviewed literature demonstrates that, under certain conditions, these animal species can be considered to be MCI models, and that cognitive impairment in these models responds to drug treatment.
[Main proteolytic inhibitors in ocular herpes]. (1982)

Alterations in content of main inhibitors of proteolysis alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin as well as activity of neutral proteases in blood serum were studied in herpetic impairment of human and rabbit retina. Unspecific protective reaction of the blood proteolytic inhibitors developed in ophthalmoherpes. In the acute period of the disease content of alpha 1-antitrypsin was increased and the content of alpha 2-macroglobulin was decreased. Slow development of the disease was observed when the content of alpha 1-antitrypsin was decreased at the period of acute inflammation. Estimation of proteolytic inhibitors might serve as an useful test for characteristics and prognosis of herpetic keratitis.
No evidence for links between autism, MMR and measles virus (2004)

No increased risk of AD following exposures to wild measles and vaccinations with monovalent measles, and Urabe or Jeryl-Lynn variants of MMR was detected. The precise meaning of the detected AD births reduction is unclear. Our study cannot exclude rare complications of MMR, given its correlational design.
Multicenter Randomized Phase II Study of Two Schedules of Docetaxel, Estramustine, and Prednisone Versus Mitoxantrone Plus Prednisone in Patients With Metastatic Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer (2005)

The results of this randomized phase II study showed significantly higher PSA decline < or = 50% and longer times to progression in HRPC patients receiving DEP-based chemotherapy than MP, and that DEP could be proposed in this setting.
Fast computation of maximum entropy / minimum divergence feature gain (1998)

Maximum entropy / minimum divergence modeling is a powerful technique for constructing probability models, which has been applied to a wide variety of problems in natural language processing. A maximum entropy / minimum divergence (memd) model is built from a base model, and a set of feature functions, also called simply features, whose empirical expectations on some training corpus are known. A fundamental di culty with this technique is that while there are typically millions of features that could be incorporated into a given model, in general it is not computationally feasible, or even desirable, to use them all. Thus some means must be devised for determining each feature's predictive power, also known as its gain. Once the gains are known, the features can be ranked according to their utility, and only the most gainful ones retained. This paper presents a new algorithm for computing feature gain that is fast, accurate and memory-e cient.
Cerebral protection by hypoxic preconditioning in a murine model of focal ischemia-reperfusion (2001)

Sublethal periods of hypoxia or ischemia can induce adaptive mechanisms to protect against subsequent lethal ischemic insults in a process known as ischemic preconditioning. In the present study, we developed a murine model of cerebral preconditioning using several common strains of adult mice. Animals were exposed to sublethal hypoxia (11% oxygen for 2 h) 48 h prior to a 90 min period of transient focal middle cerebral artery occlusion, induced by an intraluminal filament; injury was assessed 24 h later by TTC staining. Infarct volume in hypoxia-preconditioned animals was reduced 46%, 58%, and 64% in C57Bl/6, 129SvEv, and Swiss-Webster ND4 mice relative to their respective untreated controls. This non-invasive murine model of ischemic tolerance should be useful for elucidating the molecular basis of this protection using transgenic and knockout mice.
Synergism of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–Associated Antigen 4 Blockade and Depletion of Cd25+ Regulatory T Cells in Antitumor Therapy Reveals Alternative Pathways for Suppression of Autoreactive Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses (2001)

Therapeutic efficacy of a tumor cell-based vaccine against experimental B16 melanoma requires the disruption of either of two immunoregulatory mechanisms that control autoreactive T cell responses: the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA)-4 pathway or the CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. Combination of CTLA-4 blockade and depletion of CD25(+) Treg cells results in maximal tumor rejection. Efficacy of the antitumor therapy correlates with the extent of autoimmune skin depigmentation as well as with the frequency of tyrosinase-related protein 2(180-188)-specific CTLs detected in the periphery. Furthermore, tumor rejection is dependent on the CD8(+) T cell subset. Our data demonstrate that the CTL response against melanoma antigens is an important component of the therapeutic antitumor response and that the reactivity of these CTLs can be augmented through interference with immunoregulatory mechanisms. The synergism in the effects of CTLA-4 blockade and depletion of CD25(+) Treg cells indicates that CD25(+) Treg cells and CTLA-4 signaling represent two alternative pathways for suppression of autoreactive T cell immunity. Simultaneous intervention with both regulatory mechanisms is therefore a promising concept for the induction of therapeutic antitumor immunity.
Mixteca in New York; New York in Mixteca (1992)

(1992). Mixteca in New York; New York in Mixteca. Report on the Americas: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 39-49.
New assessment of hepatic encephalopathy (2010)

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication of cirrhosis that requires careful appraisal of the clinical manifestations, evaluation of the underlying neurological disorders, and assessment of liver function and the portal-systemic circulation. This article reviews recent developments in the assessment of HE and discusses the controversy regarding the use of a categorical or a continuous approach in measuring the severity of this condition. New scales facilitate effective monitoring and assessment of episodic HE. Neuropsychological test batteries and neurophysiological tests are of value for evaluating cognitive function in outpatients and can establish the diagnosis of minimal HE, and the severity of low-grade HE. These tools allow better evaluation of the origin of cognitive complaints and help in estimating the risk of accidents. It is now possible to complete the evaluation with measurement of the effects of cognitive impairment on daily living. In difficult cases, imaging of the brain and portal-systemic circulation with magnetic resonance imaging is especially helpful. Based on these studies, neurological signs and symptoms can be attributed to HE in patients with mild liver disease and in those with complex neurological manifestations. The new methods presented are also valuable for investigating the neurological manifestations occurring after liver transplantation.
Graphical models for driver behavior recognition in a SmartCar (2002)

In this paper we describe our SmartCar testbed: a real-time data acquisition system and a machine learning framework for modeling and recognizing driver maneuvers at a tactical level, with special emphasis on how the context affects the driver's performance. The perceptual input is multimodal: four video signals capture the contextual traffic, the driver's head and the driver's viewpoint; and a real-time data acquisition system records the car's brake, gear, steering wheel angle, speed and acceleration throttle signals. Over 70 drivers have driven the SmartCar for 1.25 hours in the greater Boston area. Graphical models, HMM and coupled HMM, have been trained using the experiment driving data to create models of seven different driver maneuvers: passing, changing lanes right and left, turning right and left, starting and stopping. We show that, on average, the predictive power of our models is of 1 second before the maneuver starts taking place. Therefore, these models would be essential to facilitate operating mode transitions between driver and driver assistance systems, to prevent potential dangerous situations and to create more realistic automated cars in car simulators.
Microelectromechanical filters for signal processing (1992)

Microelectromechanical (MEM) filters based on coupled, lateral microresonators are demonstrated. This class of MEM systems has potential signal-processing applications for filters which require narrow bandwidth (high Q), good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and stable temperature and aging characteristics. Both series and parallel filters were fabricated and tested using an off-chip modulation technique. The frequency range of these filters is from approximately 5 kHz to on the order of 1 MHz, for polysilicon microstructures with suspension beams having a 2- mu m-square cross section. A series-coupled resonator pair, designed for operation at atmospheric pressure, has a measured center frequency of 18.7 kHz and a bandwidth of 1.2 kHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>