gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic shift toward oxidative phosphorylation in docetaxel resistant prostate cancer cells (2016)

Drug resistance of cancer cells is recognized as the primary cause of failure of chemotherapeutic treatment in most human cancers. Growing evidences support the idea that deregulated cellular metabolism is linked to such resistance. Indeed, both components of the glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways are involved in altered metabolism linked to chemoresistance of several cancers. Here we investigated the drug-induced metabolic adaptations able to confer advantages to docetaxel resistant prostate cancer (PCa) cells. We found that docetaxel-resistant PC3 cells (PC3-DR) acquire a pro-invasive behavior undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and a decrease of both intracellular ROS and cell growth. Metabolic analyses revealed that PC3-DR cells have a more efficient respiratory phenotype than sensitive cells, involving utilization of glucose, glutamine and lactate by the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Consequently, targeting mitochondrial complex I by metformin administration, impairs proliferation and invasiveness of PC3-DR cells without effects on parental cells. Furthermore, stromal fibroblasts, which cause a "reverse Warburg" phenotype in PCa cells, reduce docetaxel toxicity in both sensitive and resistant PCa cells. However, re-expression of miR-205, a microRNA strongly down-regulated in EMT and associated to docetaxel resistance, is able to shift OXPHOS to a Warburg metabolism, thereby resulting in an elevated docetaxel toxicity in PCa cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that resistance to docetaxel induces a shift from Warburg to OXPHOS, mandatory for conferring a survival advantage to resistant cells, suggesting that impairing such metabolic reprogramming could be a successful therapeutic approach.
Einleitung und Notationen (1992)

Wir geben zunächst eine Übersicht über die historische Entwicklung der wichtigsten Programmiersprachen, bringen einige kurze und instruktive Programm-Beispiele mit vollständigem Ein/Ausgabeprotokoll und stellen dann die Notationen vor.
Pathogenicity in mice of strains of herpes simplex virus which are resistant to acyclovir in vitro and in vivo (1980)

Mice infected with three different isolates of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and treated with acyclovir (acycloguanosine; ACV) showed low levels of virus replication during the acute phase of infection. However, virus isolated from such treated mice did not show increased resistance to ACV. In contrast, resistant virus was readily isolated in vitro by passaging HSV in the presence of the drug. The degree of resistance was determined, in part, by the nature of the cells used to test the virus. The majority of ACV-resistant strains induced low or undetectable levels of HSV-specified thymidine kinase (TK), the enzyme responsible for phosphorylating ACV in infected cells. The TK-resistant strains were attenuated when injected into mice as indicated by reductions in virus replication, inflammation, and establishment of latent infections in sensory ganglia. The reduced virulence of the TK- strains was most marked after intracerebral inoculation, where the lethal dose was increased more than 100-fold compared with the parental isolates. However, one mutant is described which induced high levels of TK but was highly resistant to ACV and retained virulence for mice.
Intelligent Database Placement in Cloud Environment (2012)

Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS) has gain significant momentum with the prevailing usage of Cloud computing. Multi-tenancy is one of the key features of DBaaS offering, where a large volume of databases with different Service Level Agreement (SLA) requirements are co-located in one environment and sharing resources. As Cloud resources are elastic and resource demands of database requests are unpredictable, it is challenging to decide when and where to place databases in Cloud environment according to their resource requirements. In this paper, we propose a cost-efficient placement algorithm striving to produce placement solution that optimizes multiple objectives considering multi-resource constraints, user preferences and system preferences. The objective is to help DBaaS providers to achieve effective resource allocation among multiple databases, minimize the disturbance to the system caused by database migration, and maximize Cloud resource utilization. The demonstrated online placement technique can be used as decision making reference for DBaaS providers to make optimal resource planning. The effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm have been verified by intensive simulation experiments and real-case study in IBM cloud platform.
Detection of mutations in the apolipoprotein CII gene by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Identification of the splice site variant apolipoprotein CII-Hamburg in a patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia (1998)

Familial apolipoprotein (apo) CII deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism clinically resembling lipoprotein lipase deficiency. A number of mutations of the apo CII gene are known to date; they are located in the promoter region, the coding exons, or in the splice junctions. We present a simple assay based on PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, which allows scanning of the promoter, the entire coding sequence, and the splice junctions of the apo CII gene for sequence variants. All gene fragments are amplified using a common PCR protocol and are examined for mutations on a single gradient gel. Using this method and direct sequencing, we identified homozygosity for a donor splice-site mutation in the second intron, previously designated apo CII-Hamburg, as the genetic cause of apo CII deficiency in a 9-year-old boy presenting with chylomicronemia, eruptive xanthoma, and pancreatitis. In addition, the method allowed us to detect all of six different other known mutations of the apo CII gene. We conclude, therefore, that our assay is highly sensitive; in addition, it is easy to perform and may facilitate the differential diagnosis of disorders of lipoprotein metabolism at the genetic level.
NMR Studies on the Diffusion of Hydrocarbons on the Metal‐Organic Framework Material MOF‐5 (2006)

On the move: High intracrystalline mobilities and fast exchange between the crystal and the surrounding gas phase were found in NMR studies on the diffusion of methane, ethane, n-hexane, and benzene in large crystals of the metal-organic framework MOF-5 (see SEM image). The results support future use of metal-organic framework materials as tailorable sorbents for fast gas processing and gas-storage materials in industry.
Devices for the control of diabetes mellitus (1979)

New devices are being developed for continuous insulin infusion in diabetes mellitus. Of these the bedside closed-loop system (artificial β-cell) normalizes measured blood glucose in the fasting and fed states, while favorably altering other fuel substrates and hormone levels in short-term studies of one to two days. More recent portable external open-loop insulin delivery devices have been developed which can be programmed to achieve similar results in long-term studies on animals (up to 400 days, and on humans up to 30 days). This is accomplished without the need for continuous glucose sensing. The metabolic normalization achieved is not compromised by physical exercise and unacceptably low blood glucose levels are not observed. Further development and application of these new devices will enable researchers to establish whether the achievement of ideal control of blood glucose in diabetes will in any way alter the cougse of the complications of the disease.
A NEW SPECIES OF GENUS HEXATHROMBIUM COORMAN 1944 (ACARI: MICROTROMBIDIIDAE) FROM CHINA* (1997)

Abstract A new mite species, Hexathrombium southcottii sp. nov., an ectoparasite upon ichneu‐monid wasps, is described and figured, and a key to the species of Hexathrombium is given.
Bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein H is essential for penetration and propagation in cell culture. (1998)

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein H (gH) is a structural component of the virion which forms a complex with glycoprotein gL. To study the role of BHV-1 gH in the virus infectious cycle, a gH null mutant was constructed in which the gH coding sequences were deleted and replaced by the Escherichia coli lacZ cassette. The BHV-1 gH null mutant was propagated in frans-complementing MDBK cells, stably transfected with plasmid pMEP4 containing the BHV-1 gH gene under the control of the inducible mouse metallothionein promoter. Experiments with the BHV-1 gH null mutant showed that gH is essential in the infectious cycle of the virus and is specifically involved in virus entry and cell-to-cell spread. The lack of infectivity of virions devoid of gH is not due to a defect in attachment. Moreover, PEG-induced fusion of virions to target cells provides evidence that BHV-1 gH is required for virion penetration.
Specificities of the Acyl-Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) Thioesterase and Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase for Octadecenoyl-ACP Isomers (Identification of a Petroselinoyl-ACP Thioesterase in Umbelliferae) (1994)

This study was designed to address the question: How specific for double bond position and conformation are plant enzymes that act on oleoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)? Octadecenoyl-ACPs with cis double bonds at positions [delta]6, [delta]7, [delta]8, [delta]9, [delta]10, [delta]11, or [delta]12 and elaidyl (18:1[delta]9trans)-ACP were synthesized and used to characterize the substrate specificity of the acyl-ACP thioesterase and acyl-ACP:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. The two enzymes were found to be specific for the [delta]9 position of the double bond. The thioesterase was highly specific for the [delta]9 cis conformation, but the transferase was almost equally active with the cis and the trans isomer of 18:1[delta]9-ACP. In plants such as the Umbelliferae species coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) that accumulate petroselinic acid (18:1[delta]6cis) in their seed triacylglycerols, a high petroselinoyl-ACP thioesterase activity was found in addition to the oleoyl-ACP thioesterase. The two activities could be separated by anion-exchange chromatography, indicating that the petroselinoyl-ACP thioesterase is represented by a distinct polypeptide.
<title>Applications of fractal analysis in the evaluation of halftoning algorithms and a fractal-based halftoning scheme</title> (1994)

Fractals are mathematical sets that model many natural phenomena and physical object such as clouds, mountains, trees, and coastlines. The principal features of fractal objects are: (1) a large degree of heterogeneity, (2) scaling similarity over many scales of observation, and (3) the lack of a well-defined (or characteristic) scale. In this paper, we investigate the applications of fractal analysis in halftoning. Specifically, we first investigate and compare the fractal properties of aperiodic constant-gray-level halftone patterns produced by error diffusion, the blue-noise mask, and white noise. Then, given that the fractal dimension of an image area can predict the perceived smoothness or roughness of this area's texture, we describe an error diffusion scheme where the error weights depend on the local fractal dimension of the gray scale image prior to halftoning. The resulting halftones have less grainy flat areas and sharper edges than standard error diffusion with perturbed weights. This can be attributed to incorporation of texture information in the ehalftoning scheme that distributes the halftoning error in proportion to local texture roughness and therefore diffuses it in the areas where it is least visible.
Towards a user-centric personal data ecosystem The role of the bank of individuals' data (2012)

Personal data is assumed to become the “energy” or the “new currency” for digital world. Currently personal data potentiality is not fully exploited due to “organization-centric” approaches in the management of personal data. This paper presents a “user-centric” model, which aims at unlocking such potentiality, by enabling individuals to control the gathering, management, use and sharing of data about them. In particular, the paper analyses a new personal data ecosystem centered around the role of “Bank of Individuals' Data” (BID), a provider of “personal data management services” enabling people to exploit their personal data. We call this role Bank as it manages data as commercial banks manage money. Finally, it discusses challenges and opportunities for Telcos to become a BID.
Hydrolysis of DNA and RNA by lanthanide ions: mechanistic studies leading to new applications (1999)

A few years ago, the remarkable catalytic activity of lanthanide ions for the hydrolysis of nucleic acids was discovered. With CeIV, DNA was hydrolysed under physiological conditions. For RNA hydrolysis, the last three lanthanide ions (TmIII, YbIII, and LuIII) are superb. Furthermore, artificial restriction enzymes for site-selective scission of DNA and RNA, essential tools for the future biotechnology, have been prepared by using the lanthanide complexes. The present article emphasizes the mechanistic aspects of the catalyses of these metal ions. Both DNA hydrolysis and RNA hydrolysis involve the cooperation of acid catalysis (by metal ion and/or metal-bound water) and base catalysis (by metal-bound hydroxide). The magnitudes of contributions of these catalyses, as well as the positions where they work, are primarily governed by the relative height of the energy-barrier for the formation of the pentacoordinated intermediate and that for its breakdown. The following conclusions have been obtained on the basis of various kinetic and spectroscopic evidence: (1) for the hydrolysis of both DNA and RNA, the catalytically active species are dinuclear hydroxo-clusters, (2) CeIV enormously activates DNA and promotes the formation of the pentacoordinated intermediate, and (3) the catalysis for RNA hydrolysis is mainly ascribed to the promotion of breakdown of the pentacoordinated intermediate.
Molecular Biology of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (1992)

LESLIE L. IVERSEN The present series of volumes is well timed, as the impact of molecular genetics on pharmacology has been profound, and a comprehensive review of the rapid advances of the past decad
Charge transfer control by gate voltage in crossed nanotube junction (2002)

We report the control of charge transfer between two crossed multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in a flash-memory-device configuration. An upper MWNT was used as the current channel and a second MWNT was used as the floating node underneath the channel MWNT. In this device, the source-drain current showed a clear hysteresis loop in a cyclic scan of gate voltage below 40 K. This hysteresis loop was caused by charging and discharging in the floating MWNT, and the resistance of the channel MWNT was switched between high and low. This hysteresis loop indicates that the controllable charges transferred between the two crossed MWNTs are detectable during a resistance change due to the Coulomb potential.
Two-Domain 80°-Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Display for Grayscale Applications (1992)

Iso-contrast curves as a function of viewing angle between eight gray levels in sequence have been investigated for two-domain twisted nematic liquid crystal displays. The optimal twist angle has been found to be approximately 80°. The two-domain 80°-twisted nematic LCD shows a large viewing zone of ±45° in the vertical and ±60° in the horizontal directions without grayscale reversals. We have demonstrated a simple fabrication method which requires only one photo-lithographic exposure and a total of three independent rubbing directions on two polyimide-coated substrates.
Room-temperature continuous wave lasing characteristics of a GaAs vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (1989)

Room-temperature continuous wave (cw) operation of a GaAs vertical microcavity surface-emitting laser has been achieved. An ultrashort cavity device with a cavity length of ∼5.5 μm was grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. cw lasing characteristics such as mode properties and temperature characteristics were examined. Single longitudinal mode operation with a side mode suppression ratio of 35 dB was obtained. The temperature range for single mode operation was more than 50 K.
A non‐redundant role for OX40 in the competitive fitness of Treg in response to IL‐2 (2010)

OX40 stimulation is known to enhance activation of effector T cells and to inhibit induction and suppressive function of Treg. Here we uncovered a novel role of OX40 in sustaining Treg competitive fitness in vivo, during repopulation of lymphopenic hosts and reconstitution of BM chimeras. Defective expansion of OX40-null Treg diminished their ability to suppress inflammation in a model of lymphopenia-driven colitis. OX40-mediated promotion of Treg fitness spanned beyond lymphopenic environments, as endogenous Treg in OX40-null mice showed decreased accumulation during thymic development, enhanced susceptibility to antibody-mediated depletion and defective turnover following thymectomy. In vitro, OX40-deficient Treg were found to be intrinsically hyporesponsive to IL-2, in terms of Stat5 phosphorylation and proliferation, according to elevated SOCS1 content and reduced miR155 expression. Therefore, OX40 is a key factor in shaping Treg sensitivity to IL-2 and promoting their proliferation and survival, toward accurate immune regulation.
Subspace-based (semi-) blind channel estimation for block precoded space-time OFDM (2002)

Space time coding has by now been well documented as an attractive means of achieving high data rate transmissions with diversity and coding gains, provided that the underlying propagation channels can be accounted for. We rely on redundant linear precoding to develop a (semi-)blind channel estimation algorithm for space time (ST) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions with Alamouti's (see IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.16, p.1451-58, Oct. 1998) block code applied on each subcarrier. We establish that multichannel identifiability is guaranteed up to one or two scalar ambiguities, regardless of the channel zero locations and the underlying signal constellations, when distinct or identical precoders are employed for even and odd indexed symbol blocks. With known pilots inserted either before or after precoding, we resolve the residual scalar ambiguities and show that distinct precoders require half the number of pilots than identical precoders to achieve the same channel estimation accuracy. Simulation results confirm our theoretical analysis and illustrate that the proposed semi-blind algorithm is capable of tracking slow channel variations and improving the overall system performance relative to competing differential ST alternatives.
Scintigraphy of Normal Mouse Ovaries with Monoclonal Antibodies to ZP-2, the Major Zona Pellucida Protein (1984)

The zona pellucida is an extracellular glycocalyx, made of three sulfated glycoproteins, that surrounds mammalian oocytes. Parenterally administered monoclonal antibodies specific for ZP-2, the most abundant zona protein, localize in the zona pellucida. When labeled with iodine-125, these monoclonal antibodies demonstrate a remarkably high target-to-nontarget tissue ratio and provide clear external radioimaging of ovarian tissue.
Inflammatory oedema induced by synergism between calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and mediators of increased vascular permeability (1985)

The potent vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP, human synthetic), when mixed with histamine and injected intradermally in the rabbit, induced a marked potentiation of local oedema. CGRP also potentiated oedema induced by other mediators of increased microvascular permeability in the rabbit; bradykinin, platelet-activating factor (Paf), C5a des Arg, N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Substance P alone, or mixtures of substance P and CGRP, failed to induce oedema in rabbit skin. In rat skin, however, substance P induced oedema and this was potentiated by CGRP. CGRP had a protracted potentiating action following intradermal injection in the rabbit. The time for half loss of activity for CGRP was 40.1 +/- 7.5 min compared to 18 +/- 1 min for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). No loss of potentiating activity was detected after incubation of CGRP in rabbit plasma or blood for 60 min. We postulate that endogenous CGRP, if released locally from nerve endings, could have a marked enhancing effect on oedema induced by other mediators in an inflammatory reaction.
miR-126 and miR-126*: New Players in Cancer (2010)

Cancer progression is characterized by autarky in growth signals, insensitivity to growth-restrictive signals, evasion of apoptosis, a limitless potential to replicate, sustained angiogenesis, and tissue invasion, including metastasis. The regulation of these cellular processes relies on a fine-tuned control of molecular signal cascades. In recent years, short noncoding RNAs termed microRNAs (miRNAs) have been described as a novel class of molecular regulators. These affect various signaling cascades during the progression of neoplastic diseases by the regulation of gene expression on the post-transcriptional level. The novel endothelial cell-derived secreted protein epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) has been suggested to control vascular tubulogenesis. Further, the two biologically active miRNAs miR-126 and its complement miR-126*, which are encoded by intron 7 of the egfl7 gene, have been described to mediate vascular functions. Knock-out studies in zebrafish and mice suggested a major role of miR-126 in angiogenesis and vascular integrity, which was mediated by the repression of inhibitors of VEGF-induced proliferation in endothelial cells. Recent studies revealed the distribution and function of miR-126 and miR-126* in various types of cancer, and assigned a role to both miRNAs as suppressors of tumor formation. Indeed, miR-126 and miR-126* have been reported to impair cancer progression through signaling pathways that control tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival. Conversely, miR-126 and miR-126* may have a supportive role in the progression of cancer as well, which might be mediated by the promotion of blood vessel growth and inflammation. In this work, we will summarize the current knowledge on functions of miR-126/miR-126* that are relevant for cancer formation, and we will discuss their potential clinical use as predictive markers of survival and application as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of neoplastic diseases.
Insulin synthesis by recombination of A and B chains: a highly efficient method. (1966)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Serum sickness following rabbit antithymocyte-globulin induction in a liver transplant recipient: Case report and literature review (2007)

Thymoglobulin (Genzyme, Cambridge, MA) is an antithymocyte globulin preparation used for induction immunosuppression therapy in solid organ transplantation. It is being utilized with increasing frequency in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in an effort to minimize or delay the use of calcineurin inhibitors due to their inherent nephrotoxicity. Experience with thymoglobulin in OLT remains limited. We report a case of serum sickness in a patient who received thymoglobulin following OLT. The patient experienced intermittent fevers, polyarthralgia, and acute renal failure 9 days after completion of thymoglobulin administration. The patient's symptoms resolved rapidly and completely with a course of intravenous steroids. We review a set of diagnostic criteria for serum sickness and emphasize the importance of early recognition of the process. Early treatment of serum sickness with steroids or plasmapheresis is highly effective and can reduce unnecessary morbidity from this unusual sequela of induction immunosuppression with antithymocyte globulin.