gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A diagnostic challenge: mild hemophilia B with normal activated partial thromboplastin time (2010)

Hemophilia B is a hereditary bleeding disorder from the deficiency of factor IX (FIX) activity. Hemophilia B is caused by a mutation in the F9 gene on Xq27.1 encoding FIX and, thus, has an X-linked inheritance. The diagnosis of hemophilia B is typically suspected by significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) on screening tests, but aPTT may be normal or minimally prolonged in mild hemophilia B. We herein describe the cases of two Korean brothers with mild hemophilia B. The proband was a 26-year-old male patient with a mild bleeding history. He had a younger brother and a male cousin of maternal side with a similar bleeding tendency. Coagulation screening tests revealed no remarkable findings, including normal aPTT at 40.0 s (STA-PTT Automate, local reference range, 29.1-41.9 s). However, factor assays revealed a significantly decreased FIX activity at 27% (67-154%). The younger brother also had mildly prolonged aPTT at 45.1 s, which was corrected on mixing test. His FIX activity was 34%. Molecular genetic analysis of F9 revealed that the brothers were both hemizygous for a missense mutation, c.280G>A (p.Gly94Arg or Gly48Arg by conventional numbering based on the mature protein). Gly94Arg (Gly48Arg) is a mutation previously described in mild hemophilia B. This report shows that aPTT can be normal even with a reagent reported to be sensitive in detecting mild hemophilia B. It is important to pay attention to the clinical and family history and perform factor assays, and molecular genetic analysis can confirm the diagnosis and reveal genotype-phenotype correlations.
Multiplex immunoassay analysis of cytokines in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. (2008)

Immunoassays for selected inflammatory markers can serve in conjunction with histopathologic analysis as sensitive and specific tools for the diagnosis of IIM.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Specific to Dengue Virus Type 1 Nonstructural Protein NS1 Reveals Circulation of the Antigen in the Blood during the Acute Phase of Disease in Patients Experiencing Primary or Secondary Infections (2002)

During flavivirus infection in vitro, nonstructural protein NS1 is released in a host-restricted fashion from infected mammalian cells but not vector-derived insect cells. In order to analyze the biological relevance of NS1 secretion in vivo, we developed a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the protein in the sera of dengue virus-infected patients. The assay was based on serotype 1 NS1-specific mouse and rabbit polyclonal antibody preparations for antigen immunocapture and detection, respectively. With purified dengue virus type 1 NS1 as a protein standard, the sensitivity of our capture ELISA was less than 1 ng/ml. When a panel of patient sera was analyzed, the NS1 antigen was found circulating from the first day after the onset of fever up to day 9, once the clinical phase of the disease is over. The NS1 protein could be detected even when viral RNA was negative in reverse transcriptase-PCR or in the presence of immunoglobulin M antibodies. NS1 circulation levels varied among individuals during the course of the disease, ranging from several nanograms per milliliter to several micrograms per milliliter, and peaked in one case at 50 microg/ml of serum. Interestingly, NS1 concentrations did not differ significantly in serum specimens obtained from patients experiencing primary or secondary dengue virus infections. These findings indicate that NS1 protein detection may allow early diagnosis of infection. Furthermore, NS1 circulation in the bloodstream of patients during the clinical phase of the disease suggests a contribution of the nonstructural protein to dengue virus pathogenesis.
Intrinsic resistance to T cell infection with HIV type 1 induced by CD28 costimulation (1997)

When HIV-infected leukocytes are activated by the CD28 costimulatory receptor, HIV-1 is rapidly cleared from cultures, suggesting that costimulation can render T cells resistant to HIV-1 infection. In this study we tested the hypothesis that enhanced secretion of cytokines or chemokines could account for CD28-induced antiviral effects. In an acute infection system, resistance to infection with macrophage-tropic strains of HIV-1 was shown to be comprised of both soluble and cell-associated components. Induction of HIV-1 resistance was specific for CD28 costimulation, in that a variety of other accessory receptors, such as CD2, CD4, CD5, and MHC class I, failed to confer the antiviral resistance. The soluble component was secreted by both CD4 and CD8 T cells, was not unique to CD28 costimulation, and could be neutralized by removal of C-C chemokines (RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and -1beta) from the culture supernatants of costimulated CD4 T cells. In contrast, CD28 stimulation of CD4 cells resulted in the specific induction of a pronounced intrinsic resistance to HIV-1 infection by macrophage tropic isolates of HIV-1.
Sulfonated Polybenzimidazoles for High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells (2010)

High molecular weight, highly PA-doped s-PBI membranes have been developed with robust mechanical properties and excellent proton conductivities (>0.1 S cm−1) at elevated temperatures (>100 °C). These membranes show high PA loadings of 30−35 mol PA/PBI, and average tensile stress and strain of 0.804 MPa and 69.64%, respectively. Proton conductivities were dependent on the acid doping level and measured between 0.1 and 0.25 S cm−1 at 180 °C, a pronounced increase over most phosphoric acid-doped sulfonated PBI membranes to date. Preliminary fuel cell testing with hydrogen fuel and air or oxygen oxidants was performed at temperatures greater than 100 °C without external feed gas humidification and show excellent performance (0.62−0.68 V at 0.2 A cm−2 and 160 °C, hydrogen/air; 0.69−0.76 V at 0.2 A cm−2 and 160 °C, hydrogen/oxygen). Initial performance stability studies were conducted for ∼3000 h and indicate great promise as high temperature membranes, with a degradation rate of 30 μV h−1.
Developments in the scientific understanding of osteoarthritis (2009)

Osteoarthritis is often a progressive and disabling disease, which occurs in the setting of a variety of risk factors--such as advancing age, obesity, and trauma--that conspire to incite a cascade of pathophysiologic events within joint tissues. An important emerging theme in osteoarthritis is a broadening of focus from a disease of cartilage to one of the 'whole joint'. The synovium, bone, and cartilage are each involved in pathologic processes that lead to progressive joint degeneration. Additional themes that have emerged over the past decade are novel mechanisms of cartilage degradation and repair, the relationship between biomechanics and biochemical pathways, the importance of inflammation, and the role played by genetics. In this review we summarize current scientific understanding of osteoarthritis and examine the pathobiologic mechanisms that contribute to progressive disease.
Glycans as Targets for Therapeutic Antitumor Antibodies (2012)

Glycans represent a vast class of molecules that modify either proteins or lipids. They exert and regulate important and complex functions in both normal and cancer cell metabolism. As such, the most immunogenic glycans have been targeted in passive and active immunotherapy in human cancer for the past 25 years but it is only recently that techniques have become available to uncover novel glycan targets. The main focus of this review article is to highlight why and how monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing glycans, and in particular the glycans expressed on glycolipids, are being used in various strategies to target and kill cancer cells. The article reports on the historical use of mAbs and on very recent progress made in antitumor therapy using the anti-GD2 mAb and the antiganglioside mAbs, anti-N-glycolylneuraminic acid mAb and anti-Lewis mAb. Anti-GD2 is showing great promise in Phase III clinical trials in adjuvant treatment of neuroblastoma. Racotumomab, an anti-idiotypic mAb mimicking N-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing gangliosides, is currently being tested in a randomized, controlled Phase II/III clinical trial. This article also presents various strategies used by different groups to develop mAbs against these naturally poorly immunogenic glycans.
Effects of insertional and point mutations on the functions of the duck hepatitis B virus polymerase (1990)

The polymerase (P) gene of hepadnaviruses encodes a large polypeptide that appears to participate in several steps in the viral life cycle: packaging of viral RNA, providing the primer for synthesis of minus-strand DNA, synthesizing minus-strand DNA from an RNA template and plus-strand DNA from a DNA template, and degrading viral RNA in RNA-DNA hybrids. To assist in the assignment of these functions to domains of the duck hepatitis B virus polymerase protein, we have constructed a series of substitution mutations and a large insertion mutation, based in part on amino acid sequence comparisons with other proteins known to exhibit reverse transcriptase (RT) and RNase H activities. We found that changes in highly conserved sequences in putative RT and RNase H domains in the carboxy-terminal half of the protein dramatically reduced synthesis of both strands of viral DNA without major effects on RNA packaging into subviral cores. Thus we can uncouple RNA packaging and DNA synthesis but cannot separate RT and RNase H activities as has been done with human hepatitis B virus. The viability of a mutant with a large insertion (123 amino acids) upstream of the RT and RNase H domain indicates that a hinge region may separate parts of the polymerase protein implicated in priming and polymerization.
Neurological Toxicity of Ifosfamide (2003)

Ifosfamide is an alkylating agent with well-demonstrated efficacy against a large number of malignant diseases. With cyclophosphamide it shares a toxicity profile characterized by myelosuppression and urotoxicity, but ifosfamide has additionally disclosed adverse neurological effects. Ifosfamide-related central nervous system toxicity is characterized by metabolic encephalopathy of varying severity. Symptoms have been reported in 5-30% of all patients treated with ifosfamide. The mechanism of ifosfamide-related central nervous system toxicity has not been fully elucidated, although the symptoms have most often been noted when the drug is given at high doses or administered orally. The neurotoxicity is generally self-limiting and reversible between 48 and 72 h after discontinuation of ifosfamide, although fatal sequelae have been reported. Therapeutic options are now available.
Towards Conversational Recommender Systems (2016)

People often ask others for restaurant recommendations as a way to discover new dining experiences. This makes restaurant recommendation an exciting scenario for recommender systems and has led to substantial research in this area. However, most such systems behave very differently from a human when asked for a recommendation. The goal of this paper is to begin to reduce this gap. In particular, humans can quickly establish preferences when asked to make a recommendation for someone they do not know. We address this cold-start recommendation problem in an online learning setting. We develop a preference elicitation framework to identify which questions to ask a new user to quickly learn their preferences. Taking advantage of latent structure in the recommendation space using a probabilistic latent factor model, our experiments with both synthetic and real world data compare different types of feedback and question selection strategies. We find that our framework can make very effective use of online user feedback, improving personalized recommendations over a static model by 25% after asking only 2 questions. Our results demonstrate dramatic benefits of starting from offline embeddings, and highlight the benefit of bandit-based explore-exploit strategies in this setting.
Annexin A1 subcellular expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (2008)

ANXA1 dysregulation was observed early in laryngeal carcinogenesis, in intra-epithelial neoplasms; it was not found related to prognostic parameters, such as nodal metastases.
Accessory Cells of the Microenvironment Protect Multiple Myeloma from T-Cell Cytotoxicity through Cell Adhesion-Mediated Immune Resistance (2013)

These results reveal the cell adhesion-mediated induction of apoptosis resistance as a novel immune escape mechanism and provide a rationale to improve the efficacy of cellular therapies by pharmacologic modulation of CAM-IR.
Current-voltage characteristics of thin film and bulk diamond treated in hydrogen plasma (1990)

It is shown that the electrical properties of thin film and bulk diamond can be systematically altered by hydrogen plasma treatment under controlled conditions. The concentration of electrically active hydrogen introduced in diamond can be determined from the current-voltage characteristics of hydrogenated samples containing traps. Hydrogen passivation of deep traps in diamond is clearly demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Lenalidomide Enhancement of NK Cell-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) Is Mediated by Granzyme B and FasL and Is Associated with Modification of SHIP-1, PLC-g2 and pERK and Enhanced Chemokine Production. (2007)

Abstract Lenalidomide is an oral anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory drug that is approved for the treatment of transfusion-dependent patients with anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk MDS associated with a del 5q cytogenetic abnormality with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities, and in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of previously treated multiple myeloma patients. Encouraging early results suggest a potential for clinical efficacy in B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Lenalidomide has been shown to enhance Th1-type cytokines and T cell and NK cell activation markers in patients with advanced cancers. Lenalidomide has been shown to enhance rituximab-mediated protection in a SCID mouse lymphoma model in vivo and we have previously shown that in an in vitro ADCC system lenalidomide is able to directly enhance human NK cell and monocyte function in response to rituximab (chimeric anti-CD20 mAb) and other IgG1 antibodies. We have now addressed the effect of lenalidomide on NK cell signaling pathways and have shown that compared to the levels seen with FC gR stimulation (with IgG) plus IL-12, there is an inhibitory effect of lenalidomide on SHIP-1 with concomitant enhancement of PLC g2 and pERK. This is associated with increased secretion of a variety of chemokines as well as GM-CSF and decreased IL-6 production. In functional ADCC assays, NHL cell lines were pre-coated with rituximab and exposed to either NK cells or monocytes pre-treated with lenalidomide. After 4 (NK cells) or 15 (monocytes) hours in culture the viability of the tumor cells was assessed. The consistent enhancement of ADCC in the presence of lenalidomide is associated with greatly increased expression of granzyme B and FasL, although perforin is maximally elevated without lenalidomide. We found that ADCC is totally blocked by an inhibitor of granzyme B and is partially blocked by anti-FasL. In conclusion, we have shown that the ability of lenalidomide to enhance ADCC-mediated killing of rituximab treated CD20+ve NHL cell lines is mediated by granzyme B and FasL and is associated with clear effects on NK cell signaling and chemokine production.
Robust vibration control of a DC9 aircraft frame (2002)

An active vibration controller for a DC9 fuselage frame is proposed. The controller is based on singular perturbation theory in order to guarantee robustness properties with respect to model uncertainties and disturbances. More specifically, the control defines a time-varying sliding manifold which is designed in order to "eliminate" the modes close to disturbance frequencies, without modifying the remaining dynamics. Moreover, the proposed approach allows one to avoid discontinuities in the control signal and to bound its rate of variation to reduce the excitation of high-frequency dynamics (spillover phenomenon).
The interlayer screening effect of graphene sheets investigated by Kelvin probe force microscopy (2009)

We report on the interlayer screening effect of graphene using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). By using a gate device configuration that enables the supply of electronic carriers in graphene sheets, the vertical screening properties were studied from measuring the surface potential gradient. The results show layer-dependence of graphene sheets, as the number of graphene layers increases, the surface potential decreases exponentially. In addition, we calculate the work function-related information of the graphene layers using KPFM.
Excess Heat Production by the Electrolysis of an Aqueous Potassium Carbonate Electrolyte and The Implications for Cold Fusion (1991)

According to a novel atomic model, the predominant source of heat of the phenomenon called cold fusion is the electrocatalytically induced reaction whereby hydrogen atoms undergo transitions to quantized energy levels of lower energy than the conventional ground state. These lower energy states correspond to fractional quantum numbers. The hydrogen electronic transition requires the presence of an energy hole of ∼27.21 eV provided by electrocatalytic reactants (such as Pd2+/Li+, Ti2+, or K+/K+) and results in “shrunken atoms” analogous to muonic atoms. In the case of deuterium, fusion reactions of shrunken atoms predominantly yielding tritium are possible. Calorimetry of pulsed current and continuous electrolysis of aqueous potassium carbonate (K+/K+ electrocatalytic couple) at a nickel cathode is performed in single-cell dewar calorimetry cells. Excess power out exceeded input power by a factor of >37.
Adipsin gene expression in 3T3-F442A adipocytes is posttranscriptionally down-regulated by retinoic acid. (1991)

Retinoic acid (RA) has been shown to inhibit the differentiation of 3T3 adipogenic cell lines. In this report, the steady-state levels of several adipose-specific mRNAs were studied in mature adipocytes treated with RA. Northern blot analysis showed that, following a 24-h exposure of 3T3-F442A adipocytic cultures to RA (10 microM), there was a 4-5-fold decrease of adipsin mRNA level. In contrast, actin, adipocyte P2, lipoprotein lipase, and glycerophosphate dehydrogenase mRNA levels were unchanged during the same interval. The rate of adipsin and actin gene transcription, assessed by nuclear run-on assays, remained unchanged in adipocytes exposed to RA. The half-life (t1/2) of adipsin mRNA, determined by pulse-chase with [3H] uridine, was greatly shortened in RA-treated adipocytes (t1/2 approximately 7.3 h) as compared with untreated cells (t1/2 approximately 37.6 h). Conversely, actin mRNA stability was not altered by the drug. These results suggest that RA can specifically down-regulate adipsin expression in adipocytes at a posttranscriptional level without inducing the reversal of adipocyte differentiation.
Emerging home digital networking needs (2002)

In this paper, the situation of an emerging home network environment is examined. There are four driving needs for a home network. They are home automation, home computer, digital audio and video distribution, and digital access network. In the past, the home network is driven by home automation and analog audio and video distribution systems. Most recently, the effort on the development of a digital home network has been driven by emerging digital access and digital consumer electronics technologies. The system requirements are analyzed for different home network applications. The possibility of using IEEE 1394 protocol for a digital home network is explored.
Methanethiosulfonate Ethylammonium Block of Amine Currents through the Ryanodine Receptor Reveals Single Pore Architecture (2003)

The homotetrameric structure of the ryanodine-sensitive intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release channel (ryanodine receptor (RyR)) suggests that the four RyR subunits either combine to form a single pore or that each RyR subunit is an independently conducting pathway. Previously we showed that methanethiosulfonate ethylammonium (MTSEA+) covalently modifies the RyR to reduce current amplitudes in a time-dependent and stepwise manner. To ascertain the number of functionally conducting pores in the RyR, two approaches were combined: modification of the receptor by MTSEA+ and the use of different sized current carriers. Previous reports (Tinker, A., and Williams, A. J. (1993) J. Gen. Physiol. 102, 1107-1129) have shown that the organic cations methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine, and trimethylamine are permeant through the RyR but with reduced current amplitude depending upon the diameter of the respective amine. Experiments using the thiol reagent MTSEA+ to modify the channel protein showed that the current amplitudes decrease in steps leading to complete block of the channel when cesium (Cs+) is the current carrier. MTSEA+ modification decreased the number of channel substates as the diameter of the current carrier increased. Comparison of the degree of inhibition of MTSEA+-modified currents allows for differentiation between the two models for channel architecture. These results demonstrate that the conduction pathway for the RyR is comprised of a single central pore.
Radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia for deep-seated tumors. I. Studies on thermometry (1987)

The thermometry results of radiofrequency (RF) capacitive hyperthermia for 60 deep-seated tumors in 59 patients are reported. Hyperthermia was administered regionally using two RF capacitive heating equipments which the authors have developed in cooperation with Yamamoto Vinyter Company Ltd., (Osaka, Japan). Intratumor temperatures were measured by thermocouples inserted through angiocatheters which were placed 5 cm to 12 cm deep into the tissues. Tumor center temperatures were measured for 307 treatments in all tumors; thermal distributions within tumors and surrounding normal tissues were obtained for 266 treatments of 53 tumors by microthermocouples. Thermometry results obtained were summarized as follows. A maximum tumor center temperature greater than 43 degrees C and 42 degrees C to 43 degrees C was obtained in 23 (38%) and 14 (23%) of the 60 tumors respectively. The time required to reach 43 degrees C in the tumor center was within 20 minutes after the start of hyperthermia in 87% of tumors heated to more than 43 degrees C. Temperature variations within a tumor exceeded 2 degrees C in 81% of tumors heated to more than 43 degrees C. The lowest tumor temperature greater than 42 degrees C was achieved in six of the 53 tumors (11%). Of 42 tumors in which temperatures of the subcutaneous fat, surrounding normal tissues, and the tumor center were compared, 24 (57%) showed the highest temperature in the tumor center and ten (24%) in the subcutaneous fat. When the heating efficacy was assessed in terms of a maximum tumor center, it great deal depended on the treatment site, tumor size, thickness of subcutaneous fat, and tumor type. Tumors in the head and neck, thorax, lower abdomen, and pelvis could be heated better than tumors in the upper abdomen. Greater heating efficacy was shown in patients with large, hypovascular tumors, and with the subcutaneous fat measuring less than 15 mm thick. The predominant limiting factor for power elevation was pain associated with heating. Systemic signs including increases in pulse rate and body temperature were not serious and seldom became limiting factors for power elevation. Our thermometry results indicate that the advantages of deep RF capacitive heating are its applicability to various anatomic sites and negligible systemic effects. The disadvantages are that its primary usefulness is limited to patients with thin subcutaneous fat and with large or hypovascular tumors.