gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalent expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors and FGF2 in human tumor cell lines (1999)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) has potent mitogenic and angiogenic activities that have been implicated in tumor development and malignant progression. The biological effects of FGF2 and other members of the FGF ligand family are mediated by 4 transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors (FGFRs). To better understand the roles of FGFRs in cancer, the expression of FGF2 and each of the 4 FGFRs was assessed by RNase protection analysis of 60 human tumor cell lines, representing 9 tumor types. Expression of at least one FGFR isoform was detected in 90% and FGF2 mRNA in 35% of the cell lines. Our comprehensive analysis of FGF2 and FGFR expression in human tumor cell lines provides evidence that FGF signaling pathways are active in a majority of human tumor cell lines, and lends support to the development of anti-tumor strategies that target FGFRs.
Localization of beta-adrenergic receptors on differentiated cells of the central nervous system in culture. (1987)

Hypothalamic neurons and cortical protoplasmic (type 1) astrocytes in dissociated cultures of rat brain express binding sites for antibodies specific for epitopes related to the beta-adrenergic receptor. Undifferentiated glial progenitor cells of the rat optic nerve do not detectably bind these antibodies, but both of the progeny [oligodendroglia and process-bearing (type 2) astrocytes] express immunologically identified beta-adrenergic receptors. Levels of receptor expression are variable: not all cells of each type express receptors nor is expression uniform on a given cell. The data suggest that cells of the central nervous system express beta-adrenergic receptors but that levels of expression may be determined by the differentiated state of the cells.
Technology evaluation: mepolizumab, GlaxoSmithKline. (2003)

GlaxoSmithKline (formerly SmithKline Beecham) is developing mepolizumab (SB-240563), a monoclonal antibody directed against IL-5, as a potential treatment for asthma and atopic dermatitis. Phase II trials in asthma were underway by April 1998 and by March 2002, phase II trials had also been initiated in atopic dermatitis.
Measurement-based nonlinear modeling of spectral regrowth (2001)

This paper investigates the ability of nonlinear models extracted from measured continuous wave amplifier data to predict the amplifier response to modulated signals in compression. Experimental verification of the nonlinear model prediction is performed using nonlinear vectorial network analyzer measurements.
Genetic and Immunologic Heterogeneity among Persons Who Control HIV Infection in the Absence of Therapy (2008)

Elite controllers are a distinct group, even when compared to persons with low level viremia, but they exhibit marked genetic and immunologic heterogeneity. Even low-level viremia among HIV controllers was associated with measurable T cell dysfunction, which has implications for current prophylactic vaccine strategies.
Control of methionine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K12: a closer study with analogue-resistant mutants (1991)

Control of methionine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K12 was reinvestigated by using methionine-analogue-resistant mutants. Norleucine (NL) and alpha-methylmethionine (MM) were found to inhibit methionine biosynthesis directly whereas ethionine (Et) competitively inhibited methionine utilization. Adenosylation of Et to generate S-adenosylethionine (AdoEt) by cell-free enzyme from E. coli K12 was demonstrated. Tolerance of increasing concentrations of NL by E. coli K12 mutants is expressed serially as phenotypes NLR, NLREtR, NLRMMR and finally NLREtRMMR. All spontaneous NLR mutants had a metK mutation, whereas NTG-induced mutants had mutations in both the metK and metJ genes. The kinetics of methionine adenosylation by the E. coli K12 cell-free enzyme were found to be similar to those reported for the yeast enzyme, showing the typical lag phase at low methionine concentration and disappearance of this phase when AdoMet was included in the incubation mixture. NL extended the lag phase, and lowered the rate of subsequent methionine adenosylation, but did not affect the shortening of the lag phase of adenosylation by AdoMet.
VBR video data scheduling using window-based prefetching (2003)

The MPEG data used in a video server has variable bit rate (VBR) characteristics because each frame is different in size, and the difference of movements between frames is also variable. So, a video server must consider this VBR characteristic in resource management. So far, for VBR data, many scheduling schemes have been proposed. When VBR video is displayed, if disk bandwidth is allocated assuming the worst case, the utilization of disk bandwidth becomes very low. In order to raise the utilization of disk bandwidth, a prefetching scheme is used, but this needs extra buffers. We propose a WVS (Window-based VBR data scheduling scheme) for VBR data. WVS prefetches data with a limited maximum bandwidth for each window unit. Moreover, WVS, which considers the state of system resources, can obtain a tradeoff between disk bandwidth and buffer allocation. The proposed scheme constructs in advance CTL (Constant Time Length) meta data about a video and dynamically allocates resources for each window unit. In simulations, we compared the proposed scheme with previous schemes in terms of the size of resource allocation and the number of concurrent users.
Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)-dependent and ERK-independent pathways target STAT3 on serine-727 in human neutrophils stimulated by chemotactic factors and cytokines (1999)

STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) is a latent transcription factor that is activated by tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr-705) in cells stimulated with cytokines or growth factors. Recent studies suggest that one or more cytoplasmic serine kinases also phosphorylate STAT3 and are necessary for maximal gene activation. Here we demonstrate, with a site-specific antibody, that STAT3 is phosphorylated on Ser-727 in human neutrophils stimulated with chemotactic factors (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and complement C5a), cytokines [granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)], or a protein kinase C activator (PMA). (2-Amino-3'-methoxyphenyl)oxanaphthalen-4-one (PD 98059), an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation, blocked the serine phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by chemotactic factors or PMA. The drug was less effective on cytokines: it virtually abolished the response to GM-CSF that occurred 5 min after stimulation but only partly decreased those at 15-30 min and did not appreciably alter responses to G-CSF regardless of incubation time. 1-(5-Isoquinolinylsulphonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride (H7), an inhibitor of a putative STAT3 serine kinase, and 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulphinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl) 1H-imidazole (SB 203580), an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, did not dampen any of these serine phosphorylation responses. We propose that neutrophils use both ERK-dependent and ERK-independent pathways to phosphorylate Ser-727 on STAT3. The former pathway is recruited by all ERK-activating stimuli, whereas the latter pathway uses an undefined serine kinase and is recruited selectively by cytokines.
Currency: Time for Change? (1998)

Despite the increasing use of credit and debit cards and the emergence of various electronic payment instruments, currency remains king-at least for small-dollar-value transactions. The author examines the Federal Reserve's present role in providing currency and explores the challenges and opportunities in developing forward-looking currency policies.
14.3: Quantum Dots: Optimizing LCD Systems to Achieve Rec. 2020 Color Performance (2015)

Quantum dots have already been adopted in LCDs for higher power efficiency or higher color gamut. In this paper, we report that, by using Quantum Dot Enhancement Film, LCDs are capable of delivering a color gamut that covers more than 90% (CIE 1976) of the Rec. 2020 color gamut, which is the color standard for UHD TV broadcasting.
Technical implementation in support of the IAEA`s remote monitoring field trial at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant (1996)

A remote monitoring system (RMS) field trial will be conducted for the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on highly enriched uranium materials in a vault at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant. Remote monitoring technologies are being evaluated to verify their capability to enhance the effectiveness and timeliness of IAEA safeguards in storage facilities while reducing the costs of inspections and burdens on the operator. Phase one of the field trial, which involved proving the satellite transmission of sensor data and safeguards images from a video camera activated by seals and motion sensors installed in the vault, was completed in September 1995. Phase two involves formal testing of the RMS as a tool for use by the IAEA during their tasks of monitoring the storage of nuclear material. The field trial to be completed during early 1997 includes access and item monitoring of nuclear materials in two storage trays. The RMS includes a variety of Sandia, Oak Ridge, and Aquila sensor technologies that provide video monitoring, radiation attribute measurements, and container identification to the on-site data acquisition system (DAS) by way of radio-frequency and Echelon LONWorks networks. The accumulated safeguards information will be transmitted to the IAEA via satellite (COMSAT/RSI) and international telephone lines.
Mesenchymal stem cells from the Wharton's jelly of umbilical cord segments provide stromal support for the maintenance of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells during long‐term ex vivo culture (2008)

These data suggest the potential therapeutic application of Wharton's jelly-derived UC-MSCs to provide stromal support structure for the long-term culture of cord blood HSCs as well as the possibility of cotransplantation of genetically identical, HLA-matched, or unmatched cord blood HSCs and UC-MSCs in the setting of HSC transplantation.
Three-dimensional alginate spheroid culture system of murine osteosarcoma (2009)

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the bone and often forms pulmonary metastases, which are the most important prognostic factor. For further elucidation of the mechanism underlying the progression and metastasis of human OS, a culture system mimicking the microenvironment of the tumor in vivo is needed. We report a novel three-dimensional (3D) alginate spheroid culture system of murine osteosarcoma. Two different metastatic clones, the parental Dunn and its derivative line LM8, which has a higher metastatic potential to the lungs, were encapsulated in alginate beads to develop the 3D culture system. The beads containing murine OS cells were also transplanted into mice to determine their metastatic potential in vivo. In this culture system, murine OS cells encapsulated in alginate beads were able to grow in a 3D structure with cells detaching from the alginate environment. The number of detaching cells was higher in the LM8 cell line than the Dunn cell line. In the in vivo alginate bead transplantation model, the rate of pulmonary metastasis was higher with LM8 cells compared with that of Dunn cells. The cell characteristics and kinetics in this culture system closely reflect the original malignant potential of the cells in vivo.
Optimization of the Composition of the Li1 − z Ni1 + z  O 2 Electrode Materials: Structural, Magnetic, and Electrochemical Studies (1996)

Lithium nickel oxide, used as the positive electrode in lithium batteries, crystallizes in the rhombohedral system (SG:R3¯ m) with a layered structure. In fact, stoichiometric has never been reported. The true formula is (0.00 < z < 0.20); z is dependent on the experimental conditions. This nonstoichiometry leads to a strong decrease of the battery performance. Therefore, several methods of preparation were investigated to synthesize stoichiometric . The composition, which is very close to the ideal one, was obtained from a mixture of and NiO heated at 700°C. This quasi‐2D was submitted to several thermal treatments, in order to determine the influence of the temperature on the composition. Purposely lithium deficient phases were also prepared. Correlations between the composition of each material (deduced from the Rietveld refinement of the x‐ray diffraction pattern) and the magnetic and electrochemical behavior are discussed.
Genetically Modified T cells Targeting Interleukin-11 Receptor α-Chain Kill Human Osteosarcoma Cells and Induce the Regression of Established Osteosarcoma Lung Metastases (2011)

The treatment of osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases remains a challenge. T cells genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which recognizes a tumor-associated antigen, have shown activity against hematopoietic malignancies in clinical trials, but this requires the identification of a specific receptor on the tumor cell. In the current study, we found that interleukin (IL)-11Rα was selectively expressed on 14 of 16 osteosarcoma patients' lung metastases and four different human osteosarcoma cell lines, indicating that IL-11Rα may be a novel target for CAR-specific T-cell therapy. IL-11Rα expression was absent or low in normal organ tissues, with the exception of the gastrointestinal tract. IL-11Rα-CAR-specific T cells were obtained by non-viral gene transfer of Sleeping Beauty DNA plasmids and selectively expanded ex vivo using artificial antigen-presenting cells derived from IL-11Rα + K562 cells genetically modified to coexpress T-cell costimulatory molecules. IL-11Rα-CAR(+) T cells killed all four osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro; cytotoxicity correlated with the level of IL-11Rα expression on the tumor cells. Intravenous injection of IL-11Rα-CAR(+) T cells into mice resulted in the regression of osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases with no organ toxicity. Together, the data suggest that IL-11Rα-CAR T cells may represent a new therapy for patients with osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases.
Interleukin 6 receptor superantagonists are potent inducers of human multiple myeloma cell death. (1996)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma, acting as both a growth and a survival factor for myeloma cells. A series of IL-6 receptor antagonists that are IL-6 variants has been recently obtained, the affinity of which for the ligand-specific receptor chain IL-6R alpha has been maintained or even increased, but the signaling of which is impaired by not being able to bind and/or dimerize the signaling chain gp130. Although IL-6 antagonists have been shown to inhibit the growth of IL-6-dependent myeloma, no information has been gathered on their ability to induce myeloma cell death. We show here that IL-6 receptor antagonists are pro-apoptotic factors for the IL-6-dependent human myeloma cell line XG-1. Their capacity to induce cell death is in direct relation to their affinity for IL-6R alpha, degree of gp130 binding impairment, and efficiency to inhibit intracellular signaling events. Interestingly, the most potent pro-apoptotic molecule, Sant7, counteracts the protective autocrine effect exercised by the limited amounts of IL-6 produced by XG-1 cells and is thus able to induce cell death at higher rate than just IL-6 deprivation. These findings are particularly relevant for the therapy of multiple myeloma.
An in-vitro comparison of the intraphagocytic bioactivity of erythromycin and roxithromycin (1987)

The binding to human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and the intracellular bioactivity of the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin and roxithromycin on Legionella micdadei, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated in vitro by the combination of a fluorochrome microassay and a radioassay. Polymorphs with intact or absent membrane-associated oxidative metabolism were used to investigate the interactions which may occur between the intrinsic oxygen-dependent antimicrobial systems of human polymorphs and the test antibiotics, in the elimination of intracellular microbial pathogens. Elimination of O2-dependent antimicrobial systems with retention of phagocytic activity was achieved by using polymorphs from children with chronic granulomatous disease NaF-pulsed normal polymorphs. Both antimicrobial agents were actively concentrated by polymorphs. Erythromycin was concentrated ten-fold and roxithromycin approximately thirty-fold above extra cellular levels. Both agents possessed intracellular bacteriostatic activity for all three test microbial pathogens. Depletion of polymorph O2-dependent intrinsic antimicrobial systems interfered with the intracellular bioactivity of both antibiotics. This emphasizes the importance of interactions between cell-associated antibiotics and phagocyte antimicrobial systems in the elimination of intracellular microbial pathogens. Like erythromycin, roxithromycin is concentrated by human phagocytes and is bioactive intracellularly.
Preparation of cell-free extracts and the enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism in Syntrophomonas wolfei (1986)

Syntrophomonas wolfei is an anaerobic fatty acid degrader that can only be grown in coculture with H2-using bacteria such as Methanospirillum hungatei. Cells of S. wolfei were selectively lysed by lysozyme treatment, and unlysed cells of M. hungatei were removed by centrifugation. The cell extract of S. wolfei obtained with this method had low levels of contamination by methanogenic cofactors. However, lysozyme treatment was not efficient in releasing S. wolfei protein; only about 15% of the L-3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase activity was found in the lysozyme supernatant. Cell extracts of S. wolfei obtained with this method had high specific activities of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, enoyl-CoA hydratase, L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. These activities were not detected in cell extracts of M. hungatei grown alone, confirming that these activities were present in S. wolfei. The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity was high when a C4 but not a C8 or C16 acyl-CoA derivative served as the substrate. S. Wolfei cell extracts had high CoA transferase specific activities and no detectable acyl-CoA synthetase activity, indicating that fatty acid activation occurred by transfer of CoA from acetyl-CoA. Phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase activities were detected in cell extracts of S. wolfei, indicating that S. wolfei is able to perform substrate-level phosphorylation.
Structure-Based Drug Design and Optimization of Mannoside Bacterial FimH Antagonists (2010)

FimH-mediated cellular adhesion to mannosylated proteins is critical in the ability of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) to colonize and invade the bladder epithelium during urinary tract infection. We describe the discovery and optimization of potent small-molecule FimH bacterial adhesion antagonists based on alpha-d-mannose 1-position anomeric glycosides using X-ray structure-guided drug design. Optimized biarylmannosides display low nanomolar binding affinity for FimH in a fluorescence polarization assay and submicromolar cellular activity in a hemagglutination (HA) functional cell assay of bacterial adhesion. X-ray crystallography demonstrates that the biphenyl moiety makes several key interactions with the outer surface of FimH including pi-pi interactions with Tyr-48 and an H-bonding electrostatic interaction with the Arg-98/Glu-50 salt bridge. Dimeric analogues linked through the biaryl ring show an impressive 8-fold increase in potency relative to monomeric matched pairs and represent the most potent FimH antagonists identified to date. The FimH antagonists described herein hold great potential for development as novel therapeutics for the effective treatment of urinary tract infections.
Dissecting the Interactions between NTF2, RanGDP, and the Nucleoporin XFXFG Repeats (2000)

We have used a range of complementary biochemical and biophysical methods to investigate the interactions between nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2), the Ras family GTPase Ran, and XFXFG nucleoporin repeats that are crucial for nuclear trafficking. Microcalorimetry, microtiter plate binding, and fluorescence quenching in solution are all consistent with the binding constant for the NTF2-RanGDP interaction being in the 100 nM range, whereas the interaction between NTF2 and XFXFG repeat-containing nucleoporins such as Nsp1p is in the 1 microM range. Although the accumulation of NTF2 at the nuclear envelope is enhanced by RanGDP, we show that Ran binding does not alter the affinity of NTF2 for nucleoporins nor does the binding of nucleoporins alter the affinity of NTF2 for RanGDP. These results indicate that, instead, Ran increases the binding of NTF2 to nucleoporins by another mechanism, most probably by Ran itself binding to nucleoporins and NTF2 binding to this nuclear pore-associated Ran.
Chemically Induced Electronic Excitations at Metal Surfaces (2001)

The energy released in low-energy chemisorption or physisorption of molecules on metal surfaces is usually expected to be dissipated by surface vibrations (phonons). Theoretical descriptions of competing electronic excitations are incomplete, and experimental observation of excited charge carriers has been difficult except at energies high enough to eject electrons from the surface. We observed reaction-induced electron excitations during gas interactions with polycrystalline silver for a variety of species with adsorption energies between 0.2 and 3.5 electron volts. The probability of exciting a detectable electron increases with increasing adsorption energy, and the measured time dependence of the electron current can be understood in terms of the strength and mechanism of adsorption.
Magnetic Liquid Marbles: A “Precise” Miniature Reactor (2010)

Magnetic liquid marbles capable of hosting both aqueous and organic fluids may serve as new miniature chemical reactors. Chemical reactions can occur either within a single liquid marble or between two magnetic liquid marbles (as illustrated). The liquid marbles can also interact with external devices simply by opening and closing the powdery shell under a magnetic field. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
162. Configurational studies in synthetic analgesics : the synthesis of (–)-methadone fromD-(–)-alanine (1957)

A. H. Beckett and N. J. Harper, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 858 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570000858