gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Privacy and proportionality (2005)

We argue that an analytic proportionality assessment balancing usefulness and burden on individual or group privacy must be conducted throughout the design process to create acceptable ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) applications and services. We introduce the principle of proportionality, which originates within the legal and data protection communities. Inspired by this principle, we develop a design method for ubicomp applications, based on our own experience, and aimed at HCI practitioners and designers. We discuss the method in relation to real-world examples, user inquiry techniques and requirements engineering models. Finally, we report a sample application of the method, involving a ubiquitous, personal memory aid tool.
Viral oncolysate in the management of malignant melanoma. II. Clinical studies (1977)

Melanoma cell oncolysate, prepared with Newcastle disease virus, was administered as an immunostimulant to 13 patients with metastatic melanoma. The oncolysate was well tolerated. Six treated patients evidenced a decrease in the size of skin nodules or diseased lymph nodes. Visceral lesions were not favorably influenced to any marked degree. One case of fulminating disease showed a change to slow progression and survived a year longer than was otherwise expected. Another patient, whose melanoma could not be controlled by surgery or chemotherapy, has been in complete remission for 2 years. It appears that viral oncolysate might be particularly helpful to patients with early disease.
Identification of CD8+ T Cell Epitopes in the West Nile Virus Polyprotein by Reverse-Immunology Using NetCTL (2010)

The 26 identified CD8(+) T cell epitopes contribute to our knowledge of the immune response against WNV infection and greatly extend the list of known WNV CD8(+) T cell epitopes. A polytope incorporating these and other epitopes could possibly serve as the basis for a WNV vaccine.
Measurement of thoracic current flow in pigs for the study of defibrillation and cardioversion (2003)

Although defibrillation has been in clinical use for more than 50 years, the complete current flow distribution inside the body during a defibrillation procedure has never been directly measured. This is due to the lack of appropriate imaging technology to noninvasively monitor the current flow inside the body. The current density imaging (CDI) technique, using a magnetic resonance (MR) imager, provides a new approach to this problem [Scott et al. (1991)]. CDI measures the local magnetic field generated by the current and calculates the current density by computing its curl. In this study, CDI was used to measure current density at all points within a postmortem pig torso during an electrical current application through defibrillation electrodes. Furthermore, current flow information was visualized along the chest wall and within the chest cavity using streamline analysis. As expected, some of the highest current densities were observed in the chest wall. However, current density distribution varied significantly from one region to another, possibly reflecting underlying heterogeneous tissue conductivity and anisotropy. Moreover, the current flow analysis revealed many complex and unexpected current flow patterns that have never been observed before. This study has, for the first time, noninvasively measured the volume current measurement inside the pig torso.
Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (2006)

Lippincott's illustrated reviews: Microbiology , Lippincott's illustrated reviews: Microbiology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Functional characterisation of osteosarcoma cell lines and identification of mRNAs and miRNAs associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes (2013)

The detailed characterisation of cell line phenotypes will support the selection of models to use for specific preclinical investigations. The differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs identified in this study may represent good candidates for future therapeutic targets. To our knowledge, this is the first time that expression profiles are associated with functional characteristics of osteosarcoma cell lines.
Microfluidic channel fabrication by PDMS-interface bonding (2005)

A novel technique for bonding polymer substrates using PDMS-interface bonding is presented in this paper. This novel bonding technique holds promise for achieving precise, well-controlled, low temperature bonding of microfluidic channels. A thin (10–25 µm) poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) intermediate layer was used to bond two poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates without distorting them. Microchannel patterns were compressed on a PMMA substrate by a hot embossing technique first. Then, PDMS was spin-coated onto another PMMA bare substrate and cured in two stages. In the first stage, it was pre-cured at room temperature for 20 h to increase the viscosity. Subsequently, it was bonded to the hot embossed PMMA substrate. In the second stage, PDMS was completely cured at 90 °C for 3 h and the bonding was successfully achieved at this relatively low temperature. Tensile bonding tests showed that the bonding strength was about 0.015 MPa. Microfluidic channels with dimensions of 300 µm × 1.6 cm × 100 µm were successfully fabricated using this novel bonding method.
Monitoring of Power System Topology in Real-Time (2006)

Power system topology is defined by the connectivity among power system components such as generators, power transformers, transmission lines, loads, etc. The knowledge about topology is important for correct execution of many monitoring, control and protection actions. This paper introduces an approach that assures accurate determination of the topology in real-time. To be able to justify why this approach is important, the paper gives a background of the topology determination problem and discusses the impact on various application functions. An implementation of the proposed approach consisting of hardware and software modules is outlined. Examples of the functional improvements due to the increased accuracy of topology determination at both the substation and system-wide level are presented at the end.
Rho1p, a Yeast Protein at the Interface Between Cell Polarization and Morphogenesis (1996)

The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of the major structural component of the yeast cell wall, beta(1-->3)-D-glucan synthase (also known as 1,3-beta-glucan synthase), requires a guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding protein for activity. The GTP binding protein was identified as Rho1p. The rho1 mutants were defective in GTP stimulation of glucan synthase, and the defect was corrected by addition of purified or recombinant Rho1p. A protein missing in purified preparations from a rho1 strain was identified as Rho1p. Rho1p also regulates protein kinase C, which controls a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Experiments with a dominant positive PKC1 gene showed that the two effects of Rho1p are independent of each other. The colocalization of Rho1p with actin patches at the site of bud emergence and the role of Rho1p in cell wall synthesis emphasize the importance of Rho1p in polarized growth and morphogenesis.
Aspergillusand asthma – any link? (2005)

The innate immune and acquired immune responses are not separate, parallel systems but form interdependent components of a single integrated immune response. This is nicely highlighted by an expanding database demonstrating that the innate immune response provides the acquired immune response with information about the origin of the antigen and the type of response required via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Aspergillus is among a growing list of allergens that can aggravate asthmatic responses. Significant pulmonary pathology is associated with Aspergillus-induced allergic and asthmatic lung disease characterized by increased Th2 cytokine generation, IgE and IgG, eosinophilia, airway hyper-responsiveness and airway remodeling. Experimental data from a model of chronic fungal asthma demonstrate that thymus associated and regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), working via CCR4, directly impair the innate anti-fungal immune response, thereby promoting the maintenance of acquired Th2-mediated asthmatic disease. Both chemokines appear to accomplish this by regulating the expression of PRRs such as toll like receptors (TLRs) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1) by immune cells. Thus, the link between Aspergillus and asthma appears to reside in the magnitude and appropriateness of the host innate immune response, and ongoing research is revealing promising targets for therapy.
Metallosupramolecular Thin Polyelectrolyte Films (1998)

Molecular recognition and electrostatic interaction of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes are combined in the fabrication of ultrathin metallosupramolecular multilayers [shown schematically in the picture, PEI=polyethyleneimine, PSS=poly(styrene sulfonate)]. The layers between the PSS layers are composed of an iron(II) bis(terpyridine) coordination polymer.
Recombinant α-l-iduronidase: characterization of the purified enzyme and correction of mucopolysaccharidosis type I fibroblasts (1994)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I, Hurler and Scheie syndromes) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that results from a deficiency of the hydrolase alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) which is involved in the lysosomal degradation of both heparan sulphate (HS) and dermatan sulphate (DS). Patients with MPS I store and excrete large amounts of partially degraded HS and DS. In order to evaluate enzyme replacement therapy for MPS I patients we have expressed human IDUA cDNA in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO)-K1 cells utilizing a plasmid vector that places the cDNA under the transcriptional control of the human polypeptide-chain-elongation factor I alpha gene promoter. A clonal cell-line that secreted recombinant IDUA in a precursor form at approximately 2.2 micrograms/10(6) cells per day was identified. This enzyme was shown to be endocytosed into cultured MPS I fibroblasts via mannose-6-phosphate receptors and to correct the storage phenotype of these cells by enabling the lysosomal-digestion of accumulated sulphated glycosaminoglycans. The recombinant IDUA had on SDS/PAGE a molecular mass of 85 kDa and was processed to 74 kDa and smaller forms following its uptake by fibroblasts. Milligram quantities of the recombinant IDUA were immunopurified and the enzyme was shown to have pH optimum and kinetic parameters differing from those of the mature enzyme purified from human liver. The specific activity of the recombinant enzyme was shown to increase on dilution and on incubation with reducing agents. This was in contrast to the mature IDUA form (74 kDa) which did not have its activity stimulated by reducing agents or dilution.
Design and Applications of Environmental Cell Transmission Electron Microscope for In Situ Observations of Gas–Solid Reactions (2001)

Abstract The environmental transmission electron microscopy (E-TEM) is a budding technique for in situ study of gas–solid chemical reactions with numerous applications. Recent improvements in the design have made it possible not only to obtain atomic level information but also the chemical information during the reaction by incorporating an imaging filter or electron energy-loss spectrometer to an E-TEM. We have been involved in modifying a couple of microscopes to incorporate environmental cells in order to convert them into E-TEMs. These microscopes have been used to obtain atomic level information of the structural and chemical changes during dynamic processes by in situ electron diffraction, high-resolution imaging, and electron energyloss spectroscopy. The applications include, but are not limited to, oxidation, reduction, polymerization, nitridation, dehydroxylation, hydroxylation, chemical vapor deposition, etc. We report recent developments in the design and application along with the limitations of an E-TEM.
A comparison of two model-based performance-prediction techniques for message-passing parallel programs (1994)

This paper describes our experience in modeling two significant parallel applications: ARC2D, a 2-dimensional Euler solver; and, Xtrid, a tridiagonal linear solver. Both of these models were expressed in BDL (Behavior Description language) and simulated on an iPSC/860 Hypercube modeled using Axe (Abstract eXecution Environment). BDL models consist of abstract communicating objects: blocks of sequential code are modeled by single RUN statements; all communication operations in the original code are mirrored by corresponding BDL operations in the model. Our ARC2D model was built by first profiling the program to locate the significant loops and then timing the basic blocks within those loops. Simulated completion times were (except in one case) within 8% of measured execution times. Lengthy simulations were necessary for predicting the performance of large-scale runs. For Xtrid, only the loops surrounding communications were modeled; other loops were absorbed into large sequential blocks whose complexity was estimated using statistical regression. This approach yielded a much smaller model whose computation and communication complexities were clearly manifest. Analysis of complexity allowed rapid prediction of large-scale performance without lengthy simulations! Analytically predicted speed-ups were within 7% of those predicted by simulation. Simulated completion times were within 5% of measured execution times. The second approach provides a more effective methodology for simulation-based performance-tuning.
Post-onset inhibition of murine arthritis using combined chemokine antagonist therapy (2003)

Treatment after disease onset with chemotactic antagonists for monocytes and PMNs significantly alleviated both the swelling and the histopathology seen in arthritis, suggesting that chemokine antagonists are an effective anti-inflammatory therapy.
CTCF binding at the H19 imprinting control region mediates maternally inherited higher-order chromatin conformation to restrict enhancer access to Igf2 (2006)

It is thought that the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) directs the silencing of the maternally inherited Igf2 allele through a CTCF-dependent chromatin insulator. The ICR has been shown to interact physically with a silencer region in Igf2, differentially methylated region (DMR)1, but the role of CTCF in this chromatin loop and whether it restricts the physical access of distal enhancers to Igf2 is not known. We performed systematic chromosome conformation capture analyses in the Igf2/H19 region over >160 kb, identifying sequences that interact physically with the distal enhancers and the ICR. We found that, on the paternal chromosome, enhancers interact with the Igf2 promoters but that, on the maternal allele, this is prevented by CTCF binding within the H19 ICR. CTCF binding in the maternal ICR regulates its interaction with matrix attachment region (MAR)3 and DMR1 at Igf2, thus forming a tight loop around the maternal Igf2 locus, which may contribute to its silencing. Mutation of CTCF binding sites in the H19 ICR leads to loss of CTCF binding and de novo methylation of a CTCF target site within Igf2 DMR1, showing that CTCF can coordinate regional epigenetic marks. This systematic chromosome conformation capture analysis of an imprinting cluster reveals that CTCF has a critical role in the epigenetic regulation of higher-order chromatin structure and gene silencing over considerable distances in the genome.
Intestinal microbiota in pathophysiology and management of irritable bowel syndrome. (2014)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder without any structural or metabolic abnormalities that sufficiently explain the symptoms, which include abdominal pain and discomfort, and bowel habit changes such as diarrhea and constipation. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial: visceral hypersensitivity, dysmotility, psychosocial factors, genetic or environmental factors, dysregulation of the brain-gut axis, and altered intestinal microbiota have all been proposed as possible causes. The human intestinal microbiota are composed of more than 1000 different bacterial species and 10(14) cells, and are essential for the development, function, and homeostasis of the intestine, and for individual health. The putative mechanisms that explain the role of microbiota in the development of IBS include altered composition or metabolic activity of the microbiota, mucosal immune activation and inflammation, increased intestinal permeability and impaired mucosal barrier function, sensory-motor disturbances provoked by the microbiota, and a disturbed gut-microbiota-brain axis. Therefore, modulation of the intestinal microbiota through dietary changes, and use of antibiotics, probiotics, and anti-inflammatory agents has been suggested as strategies for managing IBS symptoms. This review summarizes and discusses the accumulating evidence that intestinal microbiota play a role in the pathophysiology and management of IBS.
Honokiol Induces Calpain-Mediated Glucose-Regulated Protein-94 Cleavage and Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Cells and Reduces Tumor Growth (2007)

These results provide the first evidence that honokiol-induced calpain-II-mediated GRP94 cleavage causes human gastric cancer cell apoptosis. We further suggest that honokiol may be a possible therapeutic agent to improve clinical outcome of gastric cancer.
Recherches en série hétérocyclique. XXIX. Sur des voies d'accès à des thiéno, sélénolo, furo et pyrrolopyrroles (1978)

The reaction of ethyl azidoacetate with the monoaldehydes of furan, thiophene and seleno-phene yields furo-, thieno-, and selenolo[2,3-b]- and [3,2-b]pyrroles. Only pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrrole could be prepared by this route using ethyl 4-formylpyrrole-2-carboxylate as the substrate. The thieno- and selenolo[3,2-b]pyrroles also could be obtained by the action of ethyl bromoacetate on 3-acetamidothiophene-2-aldehyde, or the corresponding selenolo compound, followed by cyclization of the N-substituted acetamide products.The nmr, uv, and mass spectra are reeorded for the various products described. [Journal translation]
The Structure and Function of Complex Networks (2003)

Inspired by empirical studies of networked systems such as the Internet, social networks, and biological networks, researchers have in recent years developed a variety of techniques and models to help us understand or predict the behavior of these systems. Here we review developments in this field, including such concepts as the small-world effect, degree distributions, clustering, network correlations, random graph models, models of network growth and preferential attachment, and dynamical processes taking place on networks.
Restoration of cerebrovascular CO2 responsivity by glutamine synthesis inhibition in hyperammonemic rats. (1992)

Hyperammonemia increases brain glutamine levels, causes astrocytic swelling, and depresses cerebral blood flow (CBF) responsivity to CO2. Methionine sulfoximine (MSO) inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity, known to be enriched in astrocytes, prevents ammonia-induced increases in brain glutamine and water content. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of glutamine accumulation restores CBF responsivity to CO2 during acute hyperammonemia. Pentobarbital-anesthetized rats treated with either vehicle or MSO (150 mg/kg i.p.) received a 6-hour intravenous infusion of either sodium or ammonium acetate. With subsequent induction of hypercapnia, CBF increased from 113 +/- 14 (mean +/- SEM) to 194 +/- 9 ml/min per 100 g in control rats but was unchanged from 107 +/- 13 to 79 +/- 10 ml/min per 100 g in hyperammonemic rats. Treatment with MSO in hyperammonemic rats restored the CBF response to hypercapnia (from 73 +/- 8 to 141 +/- 14 ml/min per 100 g). With induction of hypocapnia, CBF decreased from 114 +/- 11 to 88 +/- 11 ml/min per 100 g in control rats but increased from 112 +/- 13 to 142 +/- 19 ml/min per 100 g in hyperammonemic rats. Treatment with MSO in hyperammonemic rats did not fully restore the response to hypocapnia but prevented the paradoxical increase in CBF (from 80 +/- 8 to 80 +/- 8 ml/min per 100 g). In control rats, MSO did not affect CO2 responsivity. Treatment with MSO prevented ammonia-induced increases in intracranial pressure. Hyposmotic-induced increases in brain water content and intracranial pressure attenuated the CBF response to hypercapnia but, unlike hyperammonemia, did not attenuate the response to hypocapnia. In contrast to hypercapnia, vasodilation in response to arterial hypotension was intact in hyperammonemic rats. We conclude that the grossly abnormal CBF responsivity to CO2 alterations during hyperammonemia is linked to glutamine accumulation rather than ammonia per se. Cerebral edema secondary to glutamine accumulation may contribute in part to abnormal CBF responses, although other aspects of astrocyte dysfunction are likely to be important.
Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. (1995)

To test the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) limits endothelial activation, we treated cytokine-stimulated human saphenous vein endothelial cells with several NO donors and assessed their effects on the inducible expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). In a concentration-dependent manner, NO inhibited interleukin (IL)-1 alpha-stimulated VCAM-1 expression by 35-55% as determined by cell surface enzyme immunoassays and flow cytometry. This inhibition was paralleled by reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayers in nonstatic assays, was unaffected by cGMP analogues, and was quantitatively similar after stimulation by either IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. NO also decreased the endothelial expression of other leukocyte adhesion molecules (E-selectin and to a lesser extent, intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and secretable cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8). Inhibition of endogenous NO production by L-N-monomethyl-arginine also induced the expression of VCAM-1, but did not augment cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression. Nuclear run-on assays, transfection studies using various VCAM-1 promoter reporter gene constructs, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NO represses VCAM-1 gene transcription, in part, by inhibiting NF-kappa B. We propose that NO's ability to limit endothelial activation and inhibit monocyte adhesion may contribute to some of its antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory properties within the vessel wall.
A high efficiency, 2 V single-supply voltage operation RF front-end MMIC for 1.9 GHz Personal Handy Phone Systems (2002)

A high efficiency and very low voltage operation MMIC using planar self-aligned gate (SAG) FET has been developed for the 1.9 GHz Japanese Personal Handy Phone System (PHS). The MMIC integrates a power amplifier (PA), a low noise amplifier (LNA), a T/R switch (SW) and a negative voltage generator (NVG). The MMIC exhibited high power added efficiency of 39% at the output power (Pout) of 21.0 dBm, which is the highest efficiency in the 2.0 V single supply voltage operation RF front-end MMIC ever reported.