gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Actin Filament Network Formation Through ARP2/3 Complex: Activation by a Diverse Array of Proteins (2001)

Actin filament assembly and turnover drive many forms of cellular motility, particularly extension of the leading edge of locomoting cells and rocketing of pathogenic microorganisms through host cell cytoplasm. De novo nucleation of actin filaments appears to be required for these movements. A complex of seven proteins called Arp2/3 complex is the best characterized cellular initiator of actin filament nucleation. Arp2/3 complex is intrinsically inactive, relying on nucleation promoting factors for activation. WASp/Scar family proteins are prominent cellular nucleation promoting factors. They bring together an actin monomer and Arp2/3 complex in solution or on the side of an existing actin filament to initiate a new filament that grows in the barbed end direction. WASp and N-WASP are intrinsically autoinhibited, and their activity is regulated by Rho-family GTPases such as Cdc42, membrane polyphosphoinositides, WIP/verprolin, and SH3 domain proteins. These interactions provide a final common pathway for many signaling inputs to regulate actin polymerization. Microorganisms either activate Arp2/3 complex directly or usurp N-WASP to initiate actin polymerization.
Inhibitors of the HCV NS5B polymerase: new hope for the treatment of hepatitis C infections. (2004)

The spread of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and serious health consequences associated with chronic states of the disease have become a global concern. Small-molecule drugs that are specific for anti-HCV chemotherapy are not available and the current treatments for this disease suffer from limited success. The NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of HCV is an essential enzyme for viral replication. It has emerged in the last years as the most 'drugable' target of the entire HCV genome. While no agents from this class have yet demonstrated sustained efficacy in infected patients, early stage proof-of-concept has been achieved in the clinic, providing validation of the approach for antiviral therapy. This review provides a comprehensive account of the progress made towards the discovery of anti-HCV therapeutics based on inhibition of the virally encoded NS5B polymerase.
Cellular toxicity of expanded RNA repeats: focus on RNA foci (2011)

Discrete and punctate nuclear RNA foci are characteristic molecular hallmarks of pathogenesis in myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2. Intranuclear RNA inclusions of distinct morphology have also been found in fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome, Huntington's disease-like 2, spinocerebellar ataxias type 8, type 10 and type 31. These neurological diseases are associated with the presence of abnormally long simple repeat expansions in their respective genes whose expression leads to the formation of flawed transcripts with altered metabolisms. Expanded CUG, CCUG, CGG, CAG, AUUCU and UGGAA repeats are associated with the diseases and accumulate in nuclear foci, as demonstrated in variety of cells and tissues of human and model organisms. These repeat RNA foci differ in size, shape, cellular abundance and protein composition and their formation has a negative impact on cellular functions. This review summarizes the efforts of many laboratories over the past 15 years to characterize nuclear RNA foci that are recognized as important triggers in the mutant repeat RNA toxic gain-of-function mechanisms of pathogenesis in neurological disorders.
Oral trans-mucosal dexmedetomidine for controlling of emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy: a randomized controlled trial (2019)

Clinical Trials.gov trial registry: NCT02720705.
A Quick Algorithm for Pricing European Average Options (1991)

An algorithm is described that prices European average options. The algorithm is tested against Monte Carlo estimates and is shown to be accurate. The speed of the algorithm is comparable to the Black-Scholes algorithm. A closed-form solution is derived for European geometric average options.
Calcium phosphate adjuvanted allergens. (1985)

Calcium phosphate has been used for many years as an adjuvant for vaccines. Results of field trials using calcium phosphate in several countries have been published and demonstrate high immunogenicity and the absence of untoward reactions. This paper presents preliminary results of studies on the use of calcium phosphate, instead of aluminum compounds, for preparing adsorbed allergens. These were performed with purified house dust, mite, and grass pollen extracts. Immunotherapy with house dust and mite extracts gave a high rate (70%) of satisfactory therapeutic results. Efficacy was compared with immunization carried out with fluid preparations under the same conditions. It was found that satisfactory results were of the same order, but elicited a higher number of injections. Immunotherapy with calcium phosphate adjuvanted allergens was also equal, as with aluminium adjuvanted allergens, according to published data. Good tolerance was noted for adsorbed grass pollen extracts, but clinical evaluation of results can only be reported after treatments during at least three seasons.
Generative and 'Ground-Up' Research in Aboriginal Australia (2013)

\n \t\t\tHow might we go about collaborative research that doesn&amp;rsquo;t simply come up with a report or a published paper, but results in changed practices in the areas of our concern? How do we envision and implement a generative methodology in front line research? Working with theory from the academic and Aboriginal worlds, I present examples of research with peopleworking at the front line in various contexts, and reflect upon the role of the researcher in these areas of engagement.\n
Inactivation of tumor‐specific CD8+ CTLs by tumor‐infiltrating tolerogenic dendritic cells (2013)

Cancer immunosurveillance failure is largely attributed to the insufficient activation of tumor-specific class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule (MHC-I)-restricted CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). DEC-205⁺ dendritic cells (DCs), having the ability to cross-present, can present captured tumor antigens on MHC-I alongside costimulatory molecules, inducing the priming and activation of tumor-specific CD8⁺ CTLs. It has been suggested that reduced levels of costimulatory molecules on DCs may be a cause of impaired CTL induction and that some tumors may induce the downregulation of costimulatory molecules on tolerogenic DCs. To examine such possibilities, we established two distinct types of murine hepatoma cell lines, named Hepa1-6-1 and Hepa1-6-2 (derived from Hepa1-6 cells), and confirmed that they display similar antigenicities, as well as identical surface expression of MHC-I. We found that Hepa1-6-1 had the ability to grow continuously after subcutaneous implantation into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice and did not prime CD8⁺ CTLs. In contrast, Hepa1-6-2 cells, which display reduced levels of adhesion molecules, such as Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), failed to grow in vivo and efficiently primed CTLs. Moreover, Hepa1-6-1-derived factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and α-fetoprotein (AFP), converted CD11c(high) MHC-II(high) DEC-205⁺ DC subsets into tolerogenic cells, displaying downregulated costimulatory molecules and having impaired cross-presenting capacities. These immunosuppressive tolerogenic DCs appeared to inhibit the induction of tumor-specific CD8⁺ CTLs and suppress their cytotoxic functions within the tumor. Together, the findings presented here provide a new method of cancer immunotherapy using the selective suppression, depletion or alteration of immunosuppressive tolerogenic DCs within tumors.
A Hybrid Quantum Dot−Antibody Fragment Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based TNT Sensor (2005)

We demonstrate the use of luminescent QDs conjugated to antibody fragments to develop solution-phase nanoscale sensing assemblies, based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for the specific detection of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in aqueous environments. The hybrid sensor consists of anti-TNT specific antibody fragments attached to a hydrophilic QD via metal-affinity coordination. A dye-labeled TNT analogue prebound in the antibody binding site quenches the QD photoluminescence via proximity-induced FRET. Analysis of the data collected at increasing dye-labeled analogue to QD ratios provided an insight into understanding how the antibody fragments self-assemble on the QD. Addition of soluble TNT displaces the dye-labeled analogue, eliminating FRET and resulting in a concentration-dependent recovery of QD photoluminescence. Sensor performance and specificity were evaluated.
Association between depression and mortality in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. (2000)

High levels of depressive symptoms are an independent risk factor for mortality in community-residing older adults. Motivational depletion may be a key underlying mechanism for the depression-mortality effect.
A Fully-Integrated Switched-Capacitor Step-Down DC-DC Converter With Digital Capacitance Modulation in 45 nm CMOS (2010)

Implementing efficient and cost-effective power regulation schemes for battery-powered mixed-signal SoCs is a key focus in integrated circuit design. This paper presents a fully-integrated switched-capacitor DC-DC converter in 45 nm digital CMOS technology. The proposed implementation uses digital capacitance modulation instead of traditional PFM and PWM control methods to maintain regulation against load current changes. This technique preserves constant frequency switching while also scaling switching and bottom-plate losses with changes in load current. Therefore, high efficiency can be achieved across different load current levels while maintaining a predictable switching noise behavior. The converter occupies only 0.16 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and operates from 1.8 V input. It delivers a programmable sub-1 V power supply with efficiency as high as 69% and load current between 100 μA and 8 mA. Measurement results confirm the theoretical basis of the proposed design.
A new smartphone lane detection system (2012)

Just as multi-core processors revolutionized general computing in the past decade, so too multi-core mobile devices mark the new era of mobile computing today. To make full use of multi-core technology, any algorithm developed for a generic computing platform needs to be explicitly modified to match the specific processor of the mobile device in question. In this paper, we demonstrate how proper utilization of a dual-core mobile processor can achieve tremendous speedup in mobile applications. To illustrate the full potential of multi-core utilization, we propose a real-time mobile lane detection system based on a carefully designed parallel programming framework. This integrated parallel approach is capable of detecting lanes with curvature in real time and outperforms several traditional sequential approach. Experimental results confirm that the proposed system produces high detection rates while conforming to the real-time constraint. The successful implementation of the proposed system demonstrates that the true potential of multi-core smartphones can indeed be realized through careful design of parallel programming on the multi-core processor.
Nitrogen-Rich Copper(II) Bromate Complexes: an Exotic Class of Primary Explosives (2018)

Because of the ongoing very challenging search for potential replacements of the currently used toxic lead-based primary explosives, new synthetic strategies have to be developed. In particular, the smart concept of energetic coordination compounds (ECC) has proven to hold great potential to solve this difficult and complex problem. The herein-described approach combines the exotic and neglected class of copper(II) bromate ECC with different environmentally friendly nitrogen-rich heterocycles, which exhibit the energetic properties of powerful primary explosives. The concept is the simple adjustment of the energetic properties of the complexes through alteration of the corresponding azoles. Six new copper(II) bromate complexes with reasonable sensitivities are featured in this study, which were synthesized in a practical and straightforward fashion, assured through easy access to copper(II) bromate obtained by metathesis reaction. Obtained compounds were comprehensively characterized through various analytical methods such as low-temperature X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Their sensitivities toward impact and friction were assessed through BAM standard techniques, together with their sensitivity against electrostatic discharge. Evaluation of the energetic properties of the newly synthesized compounds included examination of the respective thermal stabilities by differential thermal analysis. Furthermore, the complexes were tested regarding their behavior toward laser irradiation. Additionally, to receive insight into a possible correlation between the laser-investigated compounds' optical absorption and their ability to ignite by exposure to laser irradiation, UV-vis-near-IR spectra were recorded.
Cardiac Stem Cells and Mechanisms of Myocardial Regeneration (2005)

This review discusses current understanding of the role that endogenous and exogenous progenitor cells may have in the treatment of the diseased heart. In the last several years, a major effort has been made in an attempt to identify immature cells capable of differentiating into cell lineages different from the organ of origin to be employed for the regeneration of the damaged heart. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) have been extensively studied and characterized, and dramatic advances have been made in the clinical application of BMCs in heart failure of ischemic and nonischemic origin. However, a controversy exists concerning the ability of BMCs to acquire cardiac cell lineages and reconstitute the myocardium lost after infarction. The recognition that the adult heart possesses a stem cell compartment that can regenerate myocytes and coronary vessels has raised the unique possibility to rebuild dead myocardium after infarction, to repopulate the hypertrophic decompensated heart with new better functioning myocytes and vascular structures, and, perhaps, to reverse ventricular dilation and wall thinning. Cardiac stem cells may become the most important cell for cardiac repair.
Peptide and Protein Synthesis by Segment Synthesis-Condensation (1989)

The chemical synthesis of biologically active peptides and polypeptides can be achieved by using a convergent strategy of condensing protected peptide segments to form the desired molecule. An oxime support increases the ease with which intermediate protected peptides can be synthesized and makes this approach useful for the synthesis of peptides in which secondary structural elements have been redesigned. The extension of these methods to large peptides and proteins, for which folding of secondary structures into functional tertiary structures is critical, is discussed. Models of apolipoproteins, the homeo domain from the developmental protein encoded by the Antennapedia gene of Drosophila, a part of the Cro repressor, and the enzyme ribonuclease T1 and a structural analog have been synthesized with this method.
Two Years after Molecular Diagnosis of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Majority on Cholesterol-Lowering Treatment but a Minority Reaches Treatment Goal (2010)

The proportion of patients using cholesterol-lowering medication was significantly increased after FH diagnosis through genetic cascade screening. The attained LDL-C levels were lower than those reported in previous surveys on medication use in FH, which could reflect the effect of more stringent lipid target levels. However, only a minority of the medication users reached the LDL-C target.
Theory of Elasticity and Consolidation for a Porous Anisotropic Solid (1955)

The author's previous theory of elasticity and consolidation for isotropic materials [J. Appl. Phys. 12, 155–164 (1941)] is extended to the general case of anisotropy. The method of derivation is also different and more direct. The particular cases of transverse isotropy and complete isotropy are discussed.
Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome (2004)

Obesity is a principal causative factor in the development of metabolic syndrome. Here we report that increased oxidative stress in accumulated fat is an important pathogenic mechanism of obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. Fat accumulation correlated with systemic oxidative stress in humans and mice. Production of ROS increased selectively in adipose tissue of obese mice, accompanied by augmented expression of NADPH oxidase and decreased expression of antioxidative enzymes. In cultured adipocytes, elevated levels of fatty acids increased oxidative stress via NADPH oxidase activation, and oxidative stress caused dysregulated production of adipocytokines (fat-derived hormones), including adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Finally, in obese mice, treatment with NADPH oxidase inhibitor reduced ROS production in adipose tissue, attenuated the dysregulation of adipocytokines, and improved diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. Collectively, our results suggest that increased oxidative stress in accumulated fat is an early instigator of metabolic syndrome and that the redox state in adipose tissue is a potentially useful therapeutic target for obesity-associated metabolic syndrome.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection after vaccination of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children (1993)

The use of Mycobacterium bovis/Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to vaccinate against tuberculosis remains controversial. The development of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children demands specific evaluation of the risk/benefit ratio of BCG vaccination in this situation. In our institution 9 of 68 HIV-infected children vaccinated with BCG before the diagnosis of HIV infection was suspected developed vaccine-related complications: 7 of these children had a large satellite adenopathy with or without skin fistulae, whereas the other 2 had disseminated BCG infection beyond the satellite ganglion (involvement of the spleen and mesenteric and mediastinal lymph nodes in one case and the liver and lungs in the other). The children were vaccinated soon after birth; no particular problems were observed at that time, but complications appeared 3 to 35 months later. All but one of these children had a rapidly progressive form of HIV disease. The possibility of delayed local or disseminated BCG infection must be considered in analysis of the risk/benefit ratio of vaccination of HIV-infected children. The prognosis of HIV infection must be taken into account, even if the child is asymptomatic when vaccination is being considered.
Investigation of neutrophil signal transduction using a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (1995)

Neutrophils contain a multicomponent NADPH oxidase system that is involved in the production of microbicidal oxidants. Stimulation of human neutrophils with the peptide FMLP activates this respiratory burst enzyme to produce superoxide and also has been shown to result in activation of phosphatidylinositol (Ptdlns) 3-kinase. Treatment of human neutrophils with 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002), a potent and specific inhibitor of Ptdlns 3-kinase, resulted in complete inhibition of Ptdlns 3-kinase activity as well as in inhibition of superoxide production in FMLP-treated neutrophils in suspension; FMLP-stimulated oxidant production in adherent cells was also abolished. Treatment of human neutrophils with PMA resulted in production of superoxide without activation of Ptdlns 3-kinase; LY294002 did not block superoxide production in neutrophils exposed to PMA. In addition, LY294002 did not inhibit cellfree NADPH oxidase activation, CD11b-dependent adhesion, actin polymerization in response to FMLP, or FMLP-induced calcium flux. These results suggest that the signal transduction pathway of the FMLP-receptor involves activation of Ptdlns 3-kinase, which is required for subsequent superoxide production induced by the chemotactic peptide. Furthermore, Ptdlns 3-kinase may be located directly upstream of protein kinase C or other protein kinases, which in turn activate the NADPH oxidase system.
Effect of Sublingual Dexmedetomidine vs Placebo on Acute Agitation Associated With Bipolar Disorder (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04276883.
Bacterial Expression of a Mitochondrial Cytochromec. Trimethylation of Lys72 in Yeastiso-1-Cytochromecand the Alkaline Conformational Transition (1998)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1-cytochrome c has been expressed in Escherichia coli by coexpression of the genes encoding the cytochrome (CYC1) and yeast cytochrome c heme lyase (CYC3). Construction of this expression system involved cloning the two genes in parallel into the vector pUC18 to give the plasmid pBPCYC1(wt)/3. Transcription was directed by two promoters, Lac and Trc, that were located upstream from CYC1. Both proteins were expressed in the cytoplasm of E. coli cells harboring the plasmid. Semianaerobic cultures grown in a fermentor produced 15 mg of recombinant iso-1-cytochrome c per liter of culture. Attempts to increase production by addition of IPTG suppressed the number of copies of the CYC1 gene within the population. Wild-type iso-1-cytochrome c expressed with pBPCYC1(wt)/3 in E. coli was compared to the same protein expressed in yeast. At neutral pH, the two proteins exhibit indistinguishable spectroscopic and physical (Tm, Em') characteristics. However, electrospray mass spectrometry revealed that the lysyl residue at position 72 is not trimethylated by E. coli as it is by S. cerevisiae. Interestingly, the pKa of the alkaline transition of the protein expressed in E. coli is approximately 0.6 pKa unit lower than that observed for the cytochrome expressed in yeast (8.5-8.7). 1H NMR spectroscopy of the bacterially expressed cytochrome collected at high pH revealed the presence of a third alkaline conformer that is not observed in the corresponding spectrum of the cytochrome expressed in yeast. These observations suggest that Lys72 can serve as an axial ligand to the heme iron of alkaline iso-1-ferricytochrome c if it is not modified posttranscriptionally to trimethyllysine.
The correlation and level of agreement between end-tidal and blood gas pCO2in children with respiratory distress: a retrospective analysis (2009)

EtCO2 is correlated highly with vpCO2 in non-intubated pediatric patients with moderate to severe respiratory distress across respiratory illnesses. Although the level of agreement between the two methods precludes the overall replacement of blood gas evaluation, EtCO2 monitoring remains a useful, continuous, non-invasive measure in the management of non-intubated children with moderate to severe respiratory distress.