gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of a single-chip 1-D median filter (1983)

The design and implementation of a VLSI chip for the one-dimensional median filtering operation is presented. The device is designed to operate on 8-bit sample sequences with a window size of five samples. Extensive pipelining and employment of systolic data-flow concepts at the bit level enable the chip to filter at rates up to ten megasamples per second. A configuration for using the chip for approximate two-dimensional median filtering operation is also presented.
Adenosine receptors and beyond: molecular mechanisms of physiological regulation. (1990)

Through this presentation, I have attempted to highlight some of the work that has been carried out in my laboratory over the past four years. We have strived to take a systemic approach to the study of the structure, function, and regulation of adenosine receptors and the transmembrane signalling processes that they activate. Much remains to be learned.
Using platelet-rich plasma to accelerate soft tissue maturation in esthetic periodontal surgery. (2001)

The transposition of connective tissue to increase the zone of keratinized tissue and/or for root coverage has become an integral part of the surgical dental practice. In an effort to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications occasionally observed with these procedures, the incorporation of platelet-rich plasma and its growth factors has been introduced into the surgical protocol. Documentation of several cases requiring esthetic soft tissue grafting procedures and the use of regenerative barriers to obtain root coverage with the incorporation of platelet-rich plasma is presented.
CMOS video cameras (1991)

A single chip CMOS video camera is presented, along with design technique and characterization results. The chip comprises a 312*287 pixel photodiode array together with all the necessary sensing, addressing and amplifying circuitry, as well as a 1000 gate logic processor, which implements synchronization timing to deliver a fully-formatted composite video signal and a further 1000 gate logic processor, which implements automatic exposure control over a wide range. There are also simple solutions for gamma correction and test.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chemical, Thermal, and Electric Field Induced Unfolding of Single Protein Molecules Studied Using Nanopores (2011)

Single-molecule experimental techniques have recently shown to be of significant interest for use in numerous applications in both the research laboratory and industrial settings. Although many single-molecule techniques exist, the nanopore platform is perhaps one of the more popular techniques due to its ability to act as a molecular sensor of biological macromolecules. For example, nanopores offer a unique, new method for probing various properties of proteins and can contribute to elucidating key biophysical information in conjunction with existing techniques. In the present study, various forms of bovine serum albumin (BSA) are detected including thermally refolded BSA, urea-denatured BSA, and multiple forms of BSA detected at elevated electric field strengths (with and without urea). We also provide excluded volume measurements for each of these states that normally are difficult to obtain due to unknown and unstable protein conformations.
Limiting the Scope of the KEY Resource Record (RR) (2002)

This document limits the Domain Name System (DNS) KEY Resource Record (RR) to only keys used by the Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC). The original KEY RR used sub-typing to store both DNSSEC keys and arbitrary application keys. Storing both DNSSEC and application keys with the same record type is a mistake. This document removes application keys from the KEY record by redefining the Protocol Octet field in the KEY RR Data. As a result of removing application keys, all but one of the flags in the KEY record become unnecessary and are redefined. Three existing application key sub- types are changed to reserved, but the format of the KEY record is not changed. This document updates RFC 2535.
Updated Glucosinolate Profile of Dithyrea wislizenii (2009)

Fruit extracts of Dithyrea wislizenii were analyzed for desulfoglucosinolates and intact glucosinolates using HPLC-APCI-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS, respectively. 2-Propenylglucosinolate (sinigrin) was shown to be present in the extracts. 6-Methylsulfanylhexyl- (glucolesquerellin 9), 6-methylsulfinylhexyl- (glucohesperin 10), 7-methylsulfanylheptyl- (11), and 5-methylsulfanylpentylglucosinolate (glucoberteroin 12) were isolated from the extracts and characterized by NMR and MS data. 7-Methoxyglucobrassicin was not detected in D. wislizenii extracts.
FlashDB: Dynamic Self-tuning Database for NAND Flash (2007)

FlashDB is a self-tuning database optimized for sensor networks using NAND flash storage. In practical systems flash is used in different packages such as on-board flash chips, compact flash cards, secure digital cards and related formats. Our experiments reveal non-trivial differences in their access costs. Furthermore, databases may be subject to different types of workloads. We show that existing databases for flash are not optimized for all types of flash devices or for all workloads and their performance is thus subop- timal in many practical systems. FlashDB uses a novel self-tuning index that dynamically adapts its storage structure to workload and underlying storage device. We formalize the self-tuning nature of an index as a two-state task system and propose a 3-competitive online algorithm that achieves the theoretical optimum. We also provide a framework to determine the optimal size of an index node that minimizes energy and latency for a given device. Finally, we propose optimizations to further improve the performance of our index. We prototype and compare different indexing schemes on multiple flash devices and workloads, and show that our indexing scheme outperforms existing schemes under all workloads and flash devices we consider.
Age-related deficits of manual grasping in a laboratory versus in an everyday-like setting (2012)

This study compared the grasping performance of 24 younger (20-30 years of age) and 24 older subjects (60-70 years of age) in a typical laboratory task (L) where movements were repetitive, externally triggered, purposeless and attention-attracting, and in an everydaylike task (E) where movements were part of a rich behavioral repertoire, internally initiated, purposive and little attended. We registered a wide range of kinematic and force parameters, and calculated their within-subject means and variation coefficients. Multiple differences emerged between the parameter values in L and E. Factor analysis reduced them to five independent effects. We also found multiple differences between the two age groups, with seniors responding more slowly and in a more stereotyped fashion. Multiple significant task x age interactions emerged as well, with age differences being more pronounced in E than in L. The latter finding is of practical relevance, since it suggests that age-related deficits in some real-life situations may be underestimated in laboratory research. It also is of theoretical relevance: it indicates that brain regions which are particularly vulnerable to aging may contribute to task E more than to task L.
Endless polarization control systems for coherent optics (1988)

In coherent optical systems or sensors, polarization matching between the superposed beams must be assured. The tracking range of automatic polarization control systems should be endless, i.e. any resets of finite range retarders, which transform the polarization, should cause no significant intensity losses. A variety of experimental systems including a computer as feedback controller are described. They include the minimum configuration of three fixed eigenmode retarders, i.e. the orientation of birefringence cannot be changed. These retarders are realized by fiber squeezers. Error-tolerant systems which contain more than the minimum number of elements, however, are better suited to cope with time variant retarder transfer functions, etc. A fourth fiber squeezer allows the losses of a nonideal systems to be kept to only 0.07 dB. Finally, for the first time, a closed loop system with two integrated optical retarders is described. These retarders have variable eigenmodes, i.e. adjustable birefringence orientation. An optimization procedure helps to idealize the device behavior. The system has less than 0.15 dB intensity losses, coupling and attenuation not included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transient Interaction of Hsp90 with Early Unfolding Intermediates of Citrate Synthase (1995)

At normal temperatures, Hsp90 is one of the most abundant proteins in the cytosol of various eucaryotic cells. Upon heat shock, the level of Hsp90 is increased even more, suggesting that it is important for helping cells to survive under these conditions. However, studies so far have been almost exclusively concerned with the function of Hsp90 under non-stress conditions, and therefore only little is known about the role of Hsp90 during heat shock. As a model for heat shock in vitro, we have monitored the inactivation and subsequent aggregation of dimeric citrate synthase (CS) at elevated temperatures. Hsp90 effectively "stabilized" CS under conditions where the enzyme is normally inactivated and finally aggregates very rapidly. A kinetic dissection of the unfolding pathway of CS succeeded in revealing two intermediates which form and subsequently undergo irreversible aggregation reactions. Hsp90 apparently interacts transiently with these highly structured early unfolding intermediates. Binding and subsequent release of the intermediates favorably influences the kinetic partitioning between two competing processes, the further unfolding of CS and the productive refolding to the native state. As a consequence, CS is effectively stabilized in the presence of Hsp90. The significance of this interaction is especially evident in the suppression of aggregation, the major end result of thermal unfolding events in vivo and in vitro. These effects, which are ATP-independent, seem to be a general function of members of the Hsp90 family, since yeast and bovine Hsp90 as well as the Hsp90 homologue from Escherichia coli gave similar results. It seems likely that this function also reflects the role of Hsp90 under heat shock conditions in vivo. We therefore propose that members of the Hsp90 family convey thermotolerance by transiently binding to highly structured early unfolding intermediates, thereby preventing their irreversible aggregation and stabilizing the active species.
Autoantigens act as tissue-specific chemoattractants (2005)

We have investigated the chemoattractant properties of self-antigens associated with autoimmune diseases and solid tumors. Many autoantigens induced leukocyte migration, especially by immature dendritic cells (iDC) by interacting with various chemoattractant Gi-protein-coupled receptors (GiPCR). Our initial observation that myositis-associated autoantigens, histidyl-tRNA synthetase and asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, were chemotactic for CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)- and CCR3-expressing leukocytes, while other nonautoantigenic aminoacyl-tRNA synthesases were not, suggested that only self-antigens capable of interacting with receptors on antigen-presenting cells were immunogenic. We next determined that self-antigens associated with autoimmune diseases, e.g., multiple sclerosis or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, type I diabetes, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune uveitis, or experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), were chemotactic for GiPCR expressed by iDC. The majority of autoantigens were DC chemoattractants at 10-100 ng/ml, but did not induce DC maturation until they reached 1000-fold higher concentrations. Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein and retinal arrestin (S-antigen) are targets of autoantibodies in human uveitis and are chemotactic for CXC chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5)- and/or CXCR3-expressing iDC. However, although S-antigen does not induce EAU in wild-type mice, it is nevertheless a chemoattractant for murine iDC. These unexpected observations suggested that the chemotactic activity of these tissue-specific self-antigens could be involved in promotion of tissue repair and restoration. Thus, the primary role of autoantigens may be to alert the immune system to danger signals from invaded and damaged tissues to facilitate repair, and autoimmune responses subsequently develop only in subjects with impaired immunoregulatory function.
Cell Based-Gene Delivery Approaches for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury and Neurodegenerative Disorders (2010)

Cell based-gene delivery has provided an important therapeutic strategy for different disorders in the recent years. This strategy is based on the transplantation of genetically modified cells to express specific genes and to target the delivery of therapeutic factors, especially for the treatment of cancers and neurological, immunological, cardiovascular and heamatopoietic disorders. Although, preliminary reports are encouraging, and experimental studies indicate functionally and structurally improvements in the animal models of different disorders, universal application of this strategy for human diseases requires more evidence. There are a number of parameters that need to be evaluated, including the optimal cell source, the most effective gene/genes to be delivered, the optimal vector and method of gene delivery into the cells and the most efficient route for the delivery of genetically modified cells into the patient. Also, some obstacles have to be overcome, including the safety and usefulness of the approaches and the stability of the improvements. Here, recent studies concerning with the cell-based gene delivery for spinal cord injury and some neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are briefly reviewed, and their exciting consequences are discussed.
A Trial of Etanercept, a Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor:Fc Fusion Protein, in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Methotrexate (1999)

In patients with persistently active rheumatoid arthritis, the combination of etanercept and methotrexate was safe and well tolerated and provided significantly greater clinical benefit than methotrexate alone.
Generation of Insulin-secreting Islet-like Clusters from Human Skin Fibroblasts (2008)

Increasing evidence suggests that islet cell transplantation for patients with type I diabetes holds great promise for achieving insulin independence. However, the extreme shortage of matched organ donors and the necessity for chronic immunosuppression has made it impossible for this treatment to be used for the general diabetic population. Recent success in generating insulin-secreting islet-like cells from human embryonic stem (ES) cells, in combination with the success in deriving human ES cell-like induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from human fibroblasts by defined factors, have raised the possibility that patient-specific insulin-secreting islet-like cells might be derived from somatic cells through cell fate reprogramming using defined factors. Here we confirm that human ES-like iPS cells can be derived from human skin cells by retroviral expression of OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4. Importantly, using a serum-free protocol, we successfully generated insulin-producing islet-like clusters (ILCs) from the iPS cells under feeder-free conditions. We demonstrate that, like human ES cells, skin fibroblast-derived iPS cells have the potential to be differentiated into islet-like clusters through definitive and pancreatic endoderm. The iPS-derived ILCs not only contain C-peptide-positive and glucagon-positive cells but also release C-peptide upon glucose stimulation. Thus, our study provides evidence that insulin-secreting ILCs can be generated from skin fibroblasts, raising the possibility that patient-specific iPS cells could potentially provide a treatment for diabetes in the future.
YKL-40 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 as Potential Serum Biomarkers for Patients with High-Grade Gliomas (2006)

YKL-40 and MMP-9 can be monitored in patients' serum and help confirm the absence of active disease in GBM and YKL-40 in anaplastic glioma patients. YKL-40 can be used as predictor of survival in patients with high-grade glioma. Longitudinal studies with a larger patient population are needed to confirm these findings.
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for the ErbB Family of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (2003)

Overexpression of the erbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases has been observed in many human malignancies. Activation of erbB receptors causes and maintains the transformed state in these tumors. Cell surface residing erbB receptors therefore clearly represents a therapeutic target to control or reverse malignant tumor growth. One successful approach to disable erbB receptors was the development of the therapeutic monoclonal antibody Herceptin, which is a product of research begun in the early 1980s. This review will focus on the development of monoclonal antibodies able to inhibit or eradicate tumor cells, their mechanism of action in terms of disabling oncoproteins. We will also describe other potential forms of antibodies, a class of structurally designed small molecular weight molecules that may have application to human disease.
Kinesin-Ii, Coming and Going (1999)

Eukaryotic cells are constantly challenged with a variety of transport problems. These are encountered during membrane trafficking, distribution of mitochondria and other membrane-bounded organelles, mRNA localization, and during special events such as mitosis and meiosis. Much of this transport is
A Low-Power Fully Implantable 15-Channel Retinal Stimulator Chip (2008)

Retinal prostheses are being developed around the world in hopes of restoring useful vision for patients suffering from certain types of diseases like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa. The central component of an electrical retinal prosthesis is a wirelessly powered and driven stimulator chip. The chip receives commands from the outside and outputs biphasic current pulses to an electrode array placed in the retina that stimulate the remaining retinal neurons. The chip contains 30\thinspace000 transistors in a 0.5 mum technology (two-poly three-metal, 2P3M), occupies an area of 2.3 mm x 2.3 mm, and excluding the current sources consumes less than 2 mW of power. The chip is powered inductively via a 125 kHz power signal which is rectified to generate a plusmn2.5 V supply. The data signal is transmitted as an amplitude shift keyed (ASK) signal on a 13.56 MHz carrier. The data rate can be varied from 25 to 714 kHz and the symbol (0 or 1) is encoded as the pulse width of the data signal. A self-biased feedback-loop-based single-to-differential converter restores the signal to full rail levels. Clock and data recovery is performed by a self-biased low-power inverter-based delay-locked loop (DLL). The chip can receive four commands, and each command is 16 bits long. The current amplitude, pulse duration, and inter-pulse duration can be programmed by using the four commands.
Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine Has Preventive Effects on Postoperative Pain and Morphine Consumption After Major Abdominal Surgery (2004)

The perioperative administration of systemic small-dose lidocaine reduces pain during surgery associated with the development of pronounced central hyperalgesia, presumably by affecting mechanoinsensitive nociceptors, because these have been linked to the induction of central sensitization and were shown to be particularly sensitive to small-dose lidocaine.
Ascorbic acid oxidation: A potential cause of the elevated severity of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus? (1992)

The exposure of mouse peritoneal macrophages to cholesterol linoleate-containing artificial lipoproteins can lead to intracellular ceroid accumulation. This can be used as a model to study the role of oxidation in macrophage uptake of lipoproteins containing unsaturated fatty acids, considered by many as a primary event in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Our studies show that ascorbic acid can both inhibit and promote the formation of ceroid in such a model system. The transition metal copper (Cu(II)) further elevates ceroid accumulation and EDTA, a metal chelator, inhibits it. When trace levels of transition metals are present, low concentrations of ascorbic acid can elevate ceroid formation. This pro- and antioxidant characteristic of ascorbic acid was confirmed by monitoring the generation of oxidants by various concentrations of ascorbic acid, assessed by benzoic acid hydroxylation or the fragmentation of BSA. We discuss these observations in the context of an apparent increase in ascorbic acid oxidation and elevated severity of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus.
Effect of Ni on PtRu/C Catalyst Performance for Ethanol Electrooxidation in Acidic Medium (2008)

This research is aimed to improve the utilization and activity of anodic catalysts for ethanol electrooxidation. The direct ethanol fuel cell anodic catalysts, PtRuNi/C and PtRu/C, were prepared by chemical reduction method. Their performances were tested by using a glassy carbon disk electrode through cyclic voltammetric curves, chronoamperometric curves, and amperometric i−t curves in a solution of 0.5 mol/L CH3CH2OH and 0.5 mol/L H2SO4. The particle size, lattice parameter, composition, micro-morphology, and surface states of metals in the PtRuNi and PtRu surface particles were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), respectively. XRD analysis showed that both of the catalysts exhibited face-centered cubic structures and had smaller lattice parameters than did Pt/C catalyst. Their sizes are relatively small, about 3.0 nm. Their size distribution of the metal nanoparticles is very homogeneous, without evident agglomeration. There are a lot of Ni oxides with different oxidation states in the PtRuNi/C catalyst from XPS results. No significant differences in the ethanol electrooxidation on both electrodes were found regarding the onset potential for ethanol electrooxidation by using cyclic voltammetry. Yet, the catalytic activity of the PtRuNi/C catalyst is much higher for ethanol electrooxidation than that of the PtRu/C catalyst. Also, its CO-tolerance is better than that of the PtRu/C catalyst. The hydrogen spillover effect of Ni hydroxides and electronic effect of metallic Ni play an important role in the catalytic performance of PtRuNi/C catalyst for ethanol electrooxidation.
Activation of the IL-4 STAT Pathway in Rheumatoid Synovium (2000)

STATs act as second messenger after binding of a signaling molecule to its receptor. IL-4 STAT is directly involved in the IL-4-dependent gene transcription in the nucleus. We examined the expression and activation of IL-4 STAT and its related kinase Jak-1 in rheumatoid synovium. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial frozen sections of patients with short-term (<1 year) and long-term disease (>2 years) were examined using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. IL-4 STAT mRNA could be detected in synovium of patients with short-term and long-term RA. The most intensive expression of IL-4 STAT mRNA could be seen in follicular inflammatory infiltrates. In the synovial lining, both fibroblasts and macrophages expressed IL-4 STAT mRNA. IL-4 STAT and Jak-1 protein was expressed by synoviocytes, and up-regulation could be induced after stimulation with IL-4. Activation of IL-4 STAT was reflected by phosphorylation of IL-4 STAT. The results indicate that IL-4 STAT is involved in key pathomechanisms in RA synovium and that IL-4 STAT-dependent pathways operate in early and late stages of the disease and presumably contribute to inhibitory immune mechanisms in RA synovium.