gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cation-dependent structural features of β-casein-(1–25) (2001)

Complete sequence-specific, proton-resonance assignments have been determined for the calcium phosphate-stabilizing tryptic peptide β-casein-(1–25) containing the phosphorylated sequence motif Ser(P)17-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Glu-Glu21. Spectra of the peptide have been recorded, in separate experiments, in the presence of excess ammonium ions, sodium ions and calcium ions, and of the dephosphorylated peptide in the presence of excess sodium ions. We observed significant changes to chemical shifts for backbone and side-chain resonances that were dependent upon the nature of the cation present. Medium-range nuclear Overhauser effect (nOe) enhancements, characteristic of small structured regions in the peptide, were observed and also found to be cation dependent. The secondary structure of the peptide was characterized by sequential and medium-range (i, i+2/3/4, which denotes an interaction between residue i and residue i+2, i+3 or i+4 in the peptide) nOe connectivities, and Hα chemical shifts. Four structured regions were identified in the calcium-bound peptide: residues Arg1 to Glu4 were involved in a loop-type structure, and residues Val8 to Glu11, Ser(P)17 to Glu20 and Glu21 to Thr24 were implicated in β-turn conformations. Comparison of the patterns of medium-range nOe connectivities in β-casein-(1–25) with those in αS1-casein-(59–79) suggest that the two peptides have distinctly different conformations in the presence of calcium ions, despite having a high degree of sequential and functional similarity.
Antiproliferative effects of heparin on vascular smooth muscle cells are reversed by epidermal growth factor (1987)

Heparin and related glycosaminoglycans are potent inhibitors of both in vivo and in vitro smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. We have found that epidermal growth factor (EGF) reverses the antiproliferative effects of heparin. Other known SMC mitogens, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and thrombin, were unable to prevent heparin action. The EGF specificity was further demonstrated by developing a biological growth assay in which EGF or PDGF, at concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml, stimulated SMC growth in the absence of other serum components. Under these conditions, EGF, but not PDGF, suppressed heparin inhibition as well. The ability of EGF to reverse heparin inhibition was only observed when mitogen and glycosaminoglycan were added to SMC at similar times. If SMC were pretreated with heparin for 48 hours prior to EGF addition, the protective effects of EGF were lost. Heparin did not directly prevent 125I-EGF or platelet-derived EGF-like peptides from binding to the EGF receptor on SMC. However, cultures that were pretreated with heparin for 48 hours bound 49% less 125I-EGF than cultures that had been pretreated with the mucopolysaccharide for only 2 hours or that had not been preexposed to heparin. In previous studies, we have established that heparin exerts its maximal inhibitory activity after a 48-hour treatment of SMC (Reilly et al. 1986). Taken together, these data suggest that heparin may exert its antiproliferative potential by slowly and specifically altering SMC response to EGF-like mitogens of platelet origin.
ORL1, a novel member of the opioid receptor family (1994)

Selective PCR amplification of human and mouse genomic DNAs with oligonucleotides encoding highly conserved regions of the delta-opioid and somatostatin receptors generated a human DNA probe (hOP01, 761 bp) and its murine counterpart (mOP86, 447 bp). hOP01 was used to screen a cDNA library from human brainstem. A clone (named hORL1) was isolated, sequenced and found to encode a protein of 370 amino acids whose primary structure displays the seven putative membrane-spanning domains of a G protein-coupled membrane receptor. The hORL1 receptor is most closely related to opioid receptors not only on structural (sequence) but also on functional grounds: hORL1 is 49-50% identical to the murine mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors and, in CHO-K1 cells stably transfected with a pRc/CMV:hORL1 construct, ORL1 mediates inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by etorphine, a 'universal' (nonselective) opiate agonist. Yet, hORL1 appears not to be a typical opioid receptor. Neither is it a somatostatin or sigma (N-allylnormetazocine) receptor. mRNAs hybridizing with synthetic oligonucleotides complementary to mOP86 are present in many regions of the mouse brain and spinal cord, particularly in limbic (amygdala, hippocampus, septum, habenula, ...) and hypothalamic structures. We conclude that the hORL1 receptor is a new member of the opioid receptor family with a potential role in modulating a number of brain functions, including instinctive behaviours and emotions.
Metabolic and renal clearance rates of purified human chorionic gonadotropin. (1981)

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and renal clearance rate (RCR) of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were measured in healthy young men and women using techniques of continuous intravenous infusion and rapid intravenous injection of unlabeled, highly purified hCG. Seven subjects received 4 d of infusion at a rate of 0.2 microgram/min, followed by an additional 4 d of infusion at 0.8 microgram/min. Mean serum levels of hCG established at these rates of infusion were 61.1 +/- 3.3 and 237 +/- 16 ng/ml, respectively (mean +/- SEM). The MCR determined at the low infusion rate was not significantly different from that determined at the higher infusion rate (1.83 +/- 0.09 vs. 1.95 +/- 0.14 ml/min per m2). The mean MCR for all subjects was 1.88 +/- 0.08 ml/min per m2. The MCR was not significantly different between men amd women (2.04 +/- 0.13 vs. 1.76 +/- 0.07 ml/min per m2). The RCR also did not vary between low and high infusion rates (0.40 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.40 +/- 0.04 ml/min per m2). The mean RCR for all subjects was 0.40 +/- 0.02 ml/min per m2. There was no difference in RCR between men and women (0.42 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.03 ml/min per m2). Six subjects were given 1.0 mg of highly purified hCG by rapid intravenous injection. Initial serum levels of hCG were 300-400 ng/ml, and the subsequent disappearance curve was multiexponential over 8-10 d. The disappearance curve of hCG in each subject was fitted to a biexponential equation. The rapid component t1/2 was 5.97 +/- 0.63 h and the slow component t1/2 was 35.6 +/- 8.0 h. We conclude that the MCR of purified hCG in man is about 2 ml/min per m2 and the RCR is 0.4 ml/min per m2; these parameters are concentration independent and do not differ significantly between healthy young men and women.
Photoradiation and Orthodontic Movement: Experimental Study with Canines (2006)

The results suggets that photoradiation may accelerate orthodontic movement at a dosage of 5.25 J/cm(2), whereas a higher dosage, 35.0 J/cm(2), may retard it.
Personal locator services emerge (2000)

Finding a mentally impaired relative, a lost child, or a criminal in a sprawling metropolitan area would be simple if the person were equipped with a personal locator device. The belief that it should be easy to find anyone, anywhere, at any time with a few pushes of a button has caught on with the advent of the Global Positioning System (GPS). People imagine a miniature device, attached to one's person, that reports ones whereabouts almost instantaneously. Add the highly practical need to find missing persons promptly, and the personal locator system (PLS) industry is born. Systems of this nature, whether based on the GPS or some other technology, are being tested throughout the world. The architecture of a PLS is outlined. Six technologies for PLS are discussed: signal direction, signal times of arrival, GPS, server-assisted GPS, enhanced signal strength, and location fingerprinting. The importance to society of this technology is also discussed.
Enhanced Neuronal Damage After Ischemic Insults in Mice Lacking Kir6.2-Containing ATP-Sensitive K+Channels (2005)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, incorporating Kir6.x and sulfonylurea receptor subunits, are weak inward rectifiers that are thought to play a role in neuronal protection from ischemic insults. However, the involvement of Kir6.2-containing KATP channel in hippocampus and neocortex has not been tested directly. To delineate the physiological roles of Kir6.2 channels in the CNS, we used knockout (KO) mice that do not express Kir6.2. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that Kir6.2 protein was expressed robustly in hippocampal neurons of the wild-type (WT) mice and absent in the KO. To examine neuronal sensitivity to metabolic stress in vitro, and to ischemia in vivo, we 1) exposed hippocampal slices to transient oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and 2) produced focal cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Both slice and whole animal studies showed that neurons from the KO mice were severely damaged after anoxia or ischemia, whereas few injured neurons were observed in the WT, suggesting that Kir6.2 channels are necessary to protect neurons from ischemic insults. Membrane potential recordings from the WT CA1 pyramidal neurons showed a biphasic response to OGD; a brief hyperpolarization was followed by a small depolarization during OGD, with complete recovery within 30 min after returning to normoxic conditions. By contrast, CA1 pyramidal neurons from the KO mice were irreversibly depolarized by OGD exposure, without any preceding hyperpolarization. These data suggest that expression of Kir6.2 channels prevents prolonged depolarization of neurons resulting from acute hypoxic or ischemic insults, and thus protects these central neurons from the injury.
Dose-Dependent Effects of Recombinant Human Interleukin-6 on Glucose Regulation (1997)

Inflammatory cytokines have metabolic actions that probably contribute to the general adaptation of the organism during infectious or inflammatory stress. To examine the effects of interleukin 6 (IL-6), the main circulating cytokine, on glucose metabolism in man, we performed dose-response studies of recombinant human IL-6 in normal volunteers. Increasing single doses of IL-6 (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/Kg BW) were injected sc in 15 healthy male volunteers (3 in each dose) after a 12-h fast. All IL-6 doses were tolerated well and produced no significant adverse effects. We measured the circulating levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon at baseline and half-hourly over 4 h after the IL-6 injection. Mean peak plasma levels of IL-6 were achieved between 120 and 240 min and were 8, 22, 65, 290, and 4050 pg/mL, respectively, for the 5 doses. After administration of the 2 smaller IL-6 doses, we observed no significant changes in plasma glucose levels, which, because of continued fasting, decreased slightly over time. By 60 min after the 3 higher IL-6 doses, however, the decline in fasting blood glucose was arrested, and glucose levels increased in a dose-dependent fashion. The concurrent levels of plasma insulin and C-peptide were not affected by any IL-6 dose. In contrast, IL-6 caused significant increases in plasma glucagon levels, which peaked between 120 and 150 min after the IL-6 injection. In conclusion, sc IL-6 administration induced dose-dependent increases in fasting blood glucose, probably by stimulating glucagon release and other counteregulatory hormones and/or by inducing peripheral resistance to insulin action.
Long‐ and short‐term effects of biological hydrogels on capsule microvascular density around implants in rats (2001)

Fibrous capsule formation around implants can inhibit solute exchange between implantable devices and the circulation. Parylene-n coated polycarbonate disks surrounded with growth factor reduced Matrigel® (MG) or several gelatin-based matrices were implanted intramuscularly into rats for 21 or 50 days. MG supplemented with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increased capsule microvascular density at 21 days (p < 0.05) when compared to bare parylene-coated polycarbonate disks (control). The increased microvascular density around VEGF- and bFGF-treated implants regressed by 50 days and was no longer significantly different from controls. The microvascular density induced by the gelatin-based matrices was not significantly different from controls at 21 days, but was increased at 50 days (p < 0.05), suggesting a slower, long-term effect. Disks treated with MG and gelatin-based matrices had thinner capsules at 21 days (p < 0.05). By 50 days, the capsule thicknesses around these implants were no longer statistically thinner than controls. The capsule thickness around implants treated with VEGF, bFGF, and essential gelatin-based matrix was thinner than controls at 50 days (p < 0.05). These results indicate that it is possible to increase functional microvascular density within fibrous capsules using angiogenic growth factors and gelatin-based matrices. However, this effect may be short-lived, requiring chronic administration of growth factors. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 313–318, 2001
Spinal actions of substance P analogues on cardiovascular responses in the rat: a structure–activity analysis (1987)

Ten substance P (SP) analogues were tested for their effects on mean arterial pressure and heart rate following intrathecal administration in the pentobarbital anaesthetized rat. The 10 analogues are [D-Pro4,D-alpha Npa7,9,10]SP(4-11) (A-I), (D-alpha Npa7,9,10]SP (A-II), [D-Trp7,9,10]SP (A-III), [D-Pro4,D-Npa7,9,Phe11]SP(4-11) (A-IV), [D-Pro4,D-beta Npa7,D-alpha Npa9,D-Phe11]SP(4-11) (A-V), [D-Pro4,Lys6,D-Trp7,9,10,Phe11]SP(4-11) (A-VI), [D-Pro4,D-Trp7,9,10,Phe11]SP(4-11) (A-VII), [D-Pro4,D-Trp7,9,10,Trp11]SP(4-11) (A-VIII), [D-Trp7,9,10,Trp11]SP (A-IX), and [D-Pro4,D-Phe7,9,10,Phe11]SP(4-11) (A-X). At 6.5 nmol, the analogues containing the amino acid D-Npa (A-I, A-II, A-IV, and A-V) or D-Phe (A-X) in positions 7, 9, or 10 of SP or its C-terminal octapeptide are devoid of the long-lasting cardio- and vaso-depressor effects, which are otherwise seen with analogues containing the amino acid D-Trp (A-III, A-VI, A-VII, A-VIII, and A-IX) in the same positions. Some of the analogues containing D-Npa maintain the initial hypotensive effect seen with SP while the analogue containing D-Phe produces only a small hypertensive response. The 10 analogues when tested at a dose that failed to alter basal mean arterial pressure and heart rate did not block the cardiovascular responses elicited by SP and no cross desensitization was observed between SP and these analogues. It appears that these SP analogues exert cardiovascular effects in the rat spinal cord probably without interacting with SP receptors.
Regulatory Mechanisms that Mediate Tenascin C-Dependent Inhibition of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Differentiation (2010)

Here, we present mechanisms for the inhibition of oligodendendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation, a biological function of neural extracellular matrix (ECM). The differentiation of oligodendrocytes is orchestrated by a complex set of stimuli. In the present study, we investigated the signaling pathway elicited by the ECM glycoprotein tenascin C (Tnc). Tnc substrates inhibit myelin basic protein (MBP) expression of cultured rat oligodendrocytes, and, conversely, we found that the emergence of MBP expression is accelerated in forebrains of Tnc-deficient mice. Mechanistically, Tnc interfered with phosphorylation of Akt, which in turn reduced MBP expression. At the cell surface, Tnc associates with lipid rafts in oligodendrocyte membranes, together with the cell adhesion molecule contactin (Cntn1) and the Src family kinase (SFK) Fyn. Depletion of Cntn1 in OPCs by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) abolished the Tnc-dependent inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation, while Tnc exposure impeded the activation of the tyrosine kinase Fyn by Cntn1. Concomitant with oligodendrocyte differentiation, Tnc antagonized the expression of the signaling adaptor and RNA-binding molecule Sam68. siRNA-mediated knockdown or overexpression of Sam68 delayed or accelerated oligodendrocyte differentiation, respectively. Inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation with the SFK inhibitor PP2 could be rescued by Sam68 overexpression, which may indicate a regulatory role for Sam68 downstream of Fyn. Our study therefore uncovers the first signaling pathways that underlie Tnc-induced, ECM-dependent maintenance of the immature state of OPCs.
Microsensors: principles and applications (1995)

Sensor Signals and Interfacing Conventional Silicon Processing Specialised Materials Processing Thermal Microsensors Radiation Microsensors Mechanical Microsensors Magnetic Microsensors (Bio)chemical Microsensors Microsensor Performance Smart Sensors Microsensor Array Devices Appendices Index.
A Route to the Synthesis of Trivalent Transition‐Metal Porous Carboxylates with Trimeric Secondary Building Units (2004)

Prefabricated construction techniques: A solvothermal route involving iron(III) trimeric secondary building units has been developed. Two new open-framework iron (III) dicarboxylates have been characterized from X-ray powder diffraction studies. Their 3D structures are built up from trimers of iron polyhedra related through dicarboxylates, thus creating cationic frameworks with 1D pore systems filled with solvent molecules and anions (see example). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z54250_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Study on the Genesis in The Complete Bible in Korean(1911) with Reference to the Bibliographic Information, Editorial Characteristics, and Textual Decisions (2010)

한국어 완역 『구약젼셔』(1911년)에 실린 창세기는 1906년에 낱권으로 출판되었다. 한국성서위원회 번역 창세기 이전에 성공회에서 한문역 『舊約撮要』에서 창세기를 발췌 번역하여 한문·한글 대조의 『舊約撮要』(1899년)를 펴낸 적이 있다. 완역 창세기로는 1906/1911년의 창세기가 한국 최초의 창세기 번역이다.<BR> 먼저 서지 사항을 살폈고, 편집 특징도 함께 고찰하였다. 장·절 구분, 장·절의 숫자 표시, 인명에 외줄, 지명에 겹줄, 음역된 낱말에 물결줄로 표시하여 구별한 것, 문단을 나눈 것 등은 한 세기 전의 경전 출판이라는 점을 고려할 때 대단히 현대적인 편집이라고 볼 수 있다. 페이지 분량을 고려하여 구약 2권, 신약 1권으로 분책하여 편집한 것은 아직 성경 종이가 희귀했던 당시의 사정을 반영하는 것 같다. 그 후 이 문제는 곧바로 해결되어 구약의 경우 분권 편집 문제는 해결되었다.<BR> 번역 특징은 무리한 축자 역을 피하고 한국어 표현을 따라 주어의 생략, 소유격 접미어의 생략(省略) 등의 현상이 보이고 반대로, 대명사 사용이 제한되어 대명사를 실명사로 바꾸어 번역한 첨가(添加)의 예가 자주 보인다. 극히 드문 현상이지만 본문 변경(變更)의 예도 볼 수 있었다. 와전된 히브리어 본문 번역에서는 그 결함을 번역에서 그대로 반영하지 않고 문맥을 바꾸어 조화시키는 현상도 볼 수 있었다. 그러나 히브리어 특유의 표현이나 관용구를 번역할 때 무리한 축자 역으로 의미 전달이 효과적이지 못한 LXX나 KJV에 비해 『구역』이 번역에서 더 효과적인 의미 번역을 하였음을 높게 평가하였다. 주석적 문제와<BR>관련된 본문 번역에서는 우리말 번역이 어떤 주석을 따랐는지를 여섯 가지 경우를 예로 들어 분석해 보았다.<BR> 『창세기』 번역과 MT의 창세기 비교 결과는『창세기』가 MT를 거의 그대로 따른 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 창세기 이외의 다른 책 번역(예를 들면, 삼상 25:21-22 번역 본문)에서는 『구역』이 MT를 심하게 이탈한 흔적도 보인다. 이것은 본문비평의 결과는 아니다. 이런 현상은 『구역』이 사용한 구약 대본의 본문 전승에 관한 연구가 따로 필요함을 말해준다.
CD40 and IgE: synergism between anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody and interleukin 4 in the induction of IgE synthesis by highly purified human B cells. (1990)

A novel pathway of IgE-B cell differentiation has been identified. Engagement of the B cell antigen CD40 by F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibody (mAb) 626.1 in the presence of recombinant interleukin 4 (rIL-4) induced intense IgE synthesis, but modest IgG synthesis, by highly purified human B cells. Surface IgE- B cells isolated by cell sorting were induced to produce IgE by mAb 626.1 and IL-4. Thus, IgE synthesis is unlikely to result from expansion of a B cell population precommitted to IgE in vivo. A neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibody strongly, but not completely, inhibited the IgE response. This indicates that autocrine production of IL-6 plays an important amplification role in IgE synthesis triggered by anti-CD40 mAb and IL-4. Although the exact role played by CD40 in IgE responses in vivo remains to be established, this T cell-independent system represents a useful model to characterize the biochemical and molecular events leading to IgE synthesis in human B cells.
Joint parsing and named entity recognition (2009)

For many language technology applications, such as question answering, the overall system runs several independent processors over the data (such as a named entity recognizer, a coreference system, and a parser). This easily results in inconsistent annotations, which are harmful to the performance of the aggregate system. We begin to address this problem with a joint model of parsing and named entity recognition, based on a discriminative feature-based constituency parser. Our model produces a consistent output, where the named entity spans do not conflict with the phrasal spans of the parse tree. The joint representation also allows the information from each type of annotation to improve performance on the other, and, in experiments with the OntoNotes corpus, we found improvements of up to 1.36% absolute F1 for parsing, and up to 9.0% F1 for named entity recognition.
Integrated Screening for Down's Syndrome Based on Tests Performed during the First and Second Trimesters (1999)

The integrated test detects more cases of Down's syndrome with a much lower false positive rate than the best currently available test.
Human DNA topoisomerase I is encoded by a single-copy gene that maps to chromosome region 20q12-13.2. (1988)

cDNA clones of the human TOP1 gene encoding DNA topoisomerase I (EC 5.99.1.2) have been obtained by immunochemical screening of phage lambda libraries expressing human cDNA segments, using rabbit antibodies raised against purified HeLa DNA topoisomerase I. Hybridization patterns between the cloned cDNA sequences and human cellular DNA and cytoplasmic mRNAs indicate that human TOP1 is a single-copy gene. The chromosomal location of the gene has been mapped to the long arm of chromosome 20, in the region q12-13.2, by hybridization of a radioactively labeled TOP1 cDNA probe to human metaphase chromosomes and to a panel of rodent-human somatic hybrids retaining overlapping subsets of human chromosomes.
Xenogenic demineralized bone matrix and fresh autogenous cortical bone effects on experimental bone healing: radiological, histopathological and biomechanical evaluation (2008)

The results of this study indicate that satisfactory healing occurred in rabbit radius defect filled with xenogenic bovine DBM. Complications were not identified and healing was faster, same as in cortical autogenous grafting.
Medipix2: A 64-k pixel readout chip with 55-/spl mu/m square elements working in single photon counting mode (2002)

The Medipix2 chip is a pixel-detector readout chip consisting of 256 /spl times/ 256 identical elements, each working in single photon counting mode for positive or negative input charge signals. Each pixel cell contains around 500 transistors and occupies a total surface area of 55 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 55 /spl mu/m. A 20-/spl mu/m wide octagonal opening connects the detector and the preamplifier input via bump bonding. The preamplifier feedback provides compensation for detector leakage current on a pixel by pixel basis. Two identical pulse height discriminators are used to create a pulse if the preamplifier output falls within a defined energy window. These digital pulses are then counted with a 13-b pseudorandom counter. The counter logic, based in a shift register, also behaves as the input-output register for the pixel. Each cell also has an 8-b configuration register which allows masking, test-enabling and 3-b individual threshold adjust for each discriminator. The chip can be configured in serial mode and readout either serially or in parallel. The chip is designed and manufactured in a 6-metal 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. First measurements show an electronic pixel noise of 140 e~ root mean square (rms) and an unadjusted threshold variation around 360 e~ rms.