gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of NCAM mRNA and polypeptides in aging rat brain (1993)

In aging brain, degenerative as well as compensatory regenerative processes are believed to occur. The neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM is involved in developmental and regenerative processes in the brain. However, the role of NCAM in aging brain has not been characterized. In this study, the expression of NCAM mRNAs and polypeptides was investigated in aging rat brain. The 7.4 and 6.7 kb NCAM mRNAs were selectively downregulated during postnatal development, and the 5.2 and 2.9 kb NCAM mRNAs were upregulated. However, from postnatal day 40 to old age no change in NCAM mRNA classes was observed. The fraction of NCAM mRNA containing the VASE exon increased postnatally but remained stable during adult life. VASE, which is believed to modulate the binding capacity, seemed to be relatively more abundant in the 7.4 and 6.7 kb NCAM mRNAs, encoding transmembrane NCAM forms, than in the 5.2 and 2.9 kb NCAM mRNAs, coding for glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) linked NCAM. Conversely, insertion of exons a and AAG between exons 12 and 13, a region containing two fibronectin type III repeats, seemed to be more pronounced in 5.2 and 2.9 kb NCAM mRNAs than in the 7.4 and 6.7 kb mRNAs. During postnatal development an increase in the fraction of 6.7 kb NCAM mRNA containing the exons a and AAG was observed. However, during aging the fraction of NCAM mRNAs containing this exon combination seemed constant. At the protein level, NCAM-A was downregulated both during development and aging. No changes were observed during aging in the composition of soluble NCAM forms in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid or blood plasma. The amount of NCAM in rat brain decreased during postnatal development, but remained at a constant level from postnatal day 40 to old age. To conclude, several changes in NCAM expression occur during early postnatal development emphasizing the important role of this molecule in the morphogenetic processes. During aging, a significant selective downregulation of NCAM-A was observed indicating that in general only minor regenerative processes occur in the brain.
총설 / 우수선수의 운동 종목별 영양권장량 설정 (1) - 총설 (2000)

The nutrient requirement of an athlete depends on several factors, including age, sex, body composition, type of sports, and the intensity, frequency and duration of the sports. The objective of the study is to determine the recommended dietary allowances of carbohydrate, lipid, protein, water, vitamin B_1, vitamin B_2, niacin, calcium, and iron for korean competitive athletes according to the different types of sport events. The suggested RDAs for the athletes are based on the height of 170-175㎝ and the weight of 67-72㎏ for males and 165-170㎝ and 56-60㎏ for females, respectively. The expected RDAs of the total calories per day for the competitive athletes have been determined from 3,500 to 5,000㎉ for male athletes and 2,500-3,500㎉ for female athletes in accordance with the varied sport events. The proportions of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein contributing the total calories were expected to be 55-70%, 18-30%, and 12-20% for both males and females concerning the duration and the intensity of the varied sport events. The expected RDAs for calcium have been determined as 1,500㎎/day for both male and female athletes and those of iron were expected to be as 18㎎(+15㎎, if needed) for both male and female athletes. The RDAs of vitamin B_1, vitamin B_2, and niacin could be decided as 0.5㎎/1,000㎉, 0.6㎎/1,000㎉, and 6,6㎎/1,000㎉ that are equal to those of normal people. The suggested values of the study have been resulted from applying the published data to our classified sport events, however, further research such as experimental study concerning the individual differences is needed.
Minimal cross-linking and epitope requirements for CD40-dependent suppression of apoptosis contrast with those for promotion of the cell cycle and homotypic adhesions in human B cells (1999)

Eight different CD40 mAb shared with soluble trimeric CD40 ligand (sCD40LT) the capacity to rescue germinal center (GC) B cells from spontaneous apoptosis and to suppress antigen receptor-driven apoptosis in group I Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Three mAb (G28-5, M2 and M3) mimicked sCD40LT in its ability to promote strong homotypic adhesion in resting B cells, whereas others (EA5, BL-OGY/C4 and 5C3) failed to stimulate strong clustering. Binding studies revealed that only those mAb that promoted strong B cell clustering bound at, or near to, the CD40L binding site. While all eight mAb and sCD40LT were capable of synergizing with IL-4 or phorbol ester for promoting DNA synthesis in resting B cells, co-stimulus-independent activation of the cells into cycle through CD40 related directly to the extent of receptor cross-linking. Thus, mAb which bound outside the CD40L binding site synergized with sCD40LT for promoting DNA synthesis; maximal levels of stimulation were achieved by presenting any of the mAb on CD32 transfectants in the absence of sCD40LT or by cross-linking bound sCD40LT with a second antibody. Monomeric sCD40L, which was able to promote rescue of GC B cells from apoptosis, was unable to drive resting B cells into cycle. These studies demonstrate that CD40-dependent rescue of human B cells from apoptosis requires minimal cross-linking and is essentially epitope independent, whereas the requirements for promoting cell cycle progression and homotypic adhesion are more stringent. Possible mechanisms underlying these differences and their physiological significance are discussed.
Electrospinning: A whipping fluid jet generates submicron polymer fibers (2001)

Polymeric fibers with diameters in the range from 50 nm to 5 μm are produced by accelerating a fluid jet in an electric field, in a process known as “electrospinning.” Here we show that an essential element of the process is a fluid instability, the rapidly whipping jet. The phenomena responsible for the onset of whipping are revealed by a linear instability analysis that describes the jet behavior in terms of known fluid properties and operating conditions. The behavior of two competing instabilities, the Rayleigh mode and the axisymmetric conducting mode, is also described. The results are summarized using operating diagrams, delineating regimes of operation in electrospinning, which are in good agreement with experimental observations.
Epidermal growth factor stimulates the synthesis of its own receptor in a human breast cancer cell line. (1986)

The MDA 468 human breast carcinoma cell line was examined for changes in epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor synthesis and degradation under the influence of EGF. This cell line was used because it overexpresses the EGF receptor such that each cell has 10(6) receptors, but unlike the well-studied A431 cell, its receptor gene is amplified but is not rearranged. On exposure to EGF, total cellular receptor protein, measured by immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibody B1D8, is reduced. The half-life of receptor metabolically labeled with L-[35S]methionine is 24 h in the absence of EGF and is reduced to 12 h in the presence of 10(-9) M EGF. To measure the effect of EGF on synthesis of the receptor, pulse labeling conditions were selected in which the rate of synthesis of the receptor precursor were followed. EGF had no significant effect on the rate of general protein synthesis in these cells, yet stimulated the synthesis of the EGF receptor 1.8-fold over the unstimulated rate. This increase in receptor precursor synthesis showed time and dose dependence. Stimulation could be detected after 3 h exposure to EGF with a maximum at 6-8 h. A concentration of 10(-11) M EGF gave detectable stimulation with maximal stimulation occurring at 10(-9) M. Longer times and higher concentrations gave submaximal stimulation. A similar dose-response relationship was observed when the rate of mature 170-kDa receptor protein synthesis was measured. These studies demonstrate that EGF stimulates the synthesis of it own receptor. Downregulation of the receptor by EGF results from an increased rate of receptor degradation and not decreased synthesis.
Observations of oxidation products above a forest imply biogenic emissions of very reactive compounds (2005)

Abstract. Vertical gradients of mixing ratios of volatile organic compounds have been measured in a Ponderosa pine forest in Central California (38.90° N, 120.63° W, 1315m). These measurements reveal large quantities of previously unreported oxidation products of short lived biogenic precursors. The emission of biogenic precursors must be in the range of 13-66µmol m-2h-1 to produce the observed oxidation products. That is 6-30 times the emissions of total monoterpenes observed above the forest canopy on a molar basis. These reactive precursors constitute a large fraction of biogenic emissions at this site, and are not included in current emission inventories. When oxidized by ozone they should efficiently produce secondary aerosol and hydroxyl radicals.
Resistance Artery Mechanics, Structure, and Extracellular Components in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1999)

Wall components of mesenteric resistance arteries stiffen with age in SHR. Interrupting the renin-angiotensin system has normalizing effects on integrin expression and composition, stiffness, and growth of the arterial wall.
Biologic agents in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases (1997)

In 1996, experience in treating autoimmune rheumatic diseases with biologic agents has further improved. New data have been published using different principles directed against cell surface antigens or against proinflammatory cytokines or applying anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-10 and interleukin-4. In addition, combination therapies with anti-tumor necrosis factor-a monoclonal antibody and methotrexate have shown sustained long-lasting beneficial effects. Undoubtedly, with increasing knowledge of the exact mechanisms leading to tissue destruction in autoimmune rheumatic diseases, new treatment principles will be developed that may be even more specific and may be associated with fewer adverse effects than the biologic agents tested thus far.
Virus‐Based Alignment of Inorganic, Organic, and Biological Nanosized Materials (2003)

A self‐ordering system based on anti‐streptavidin viruses is presented. A variety of materials, including inorganic nanoparticles, small organic molecules, and large biomolecules, can be organized at the nanometer length scale using this method. Molecular recognition is used to bind nanosize materials (e.g., gold nanoparticles) to the virus (see cover) and the resulting complex spontaneously evolves into a self‐supporting hybrid film (see Figure).
Efferent connections of the habenular nuclei in the rat (1979)

The efferent connections of the medial (MHb) and lateral (LHb) habenular nuclei in the rat were demonstrated autoradiographically following small injections of tritiated amino acids localized within various parts of the habenular complex. Comparison of individual cases led to the following conclusions. MHb efferents form the core portion of the fasciculus retroflexus and pass to the interpeduncular nucleus (IP) in which they terminate in a topographic pattern that refects 90 degrees rotations such that dorsal MHb projects to lateral IP, medial MHb to ventral, and lateral MHb to dorsal IP. Most MHb fibers cross in the interpeduncular necleus in the "figure 8" pattern described by Cajal, and terminate throughout the width of IP with only moderate preference for the ipsilateral side. However, the most dorsal part of MHb projects almost exclusively to the most lateral IP zone in a cluster pattern that is particularly dense on the ipsilateral side. The MHb appears to have no other significant projections, but very sparse MHb fibers may pass to the supracommissural septum and to the median raphe nucleus. Except for some fibers passing ventrally into the mediodorsal nucleus, all of the LHb efferents enter the fasciculus retroflexus and compose the mantle portion of the bundle. No LHb projections follow the stria medullaris. In the ventral tegmental area LHb efferents become organized into groups that disperse in several directions: (a) Rostrally directed fibers follow the medial forebrain bundle to the lateral, posterior and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, ventromedial thalamic nucleus, lateral preoptic area, substantia innominata and ventrolateral septum. (b) Fibers turning laterally distribute to the substantia nigra, pars compacta (SNC); a small number continue through SNC to adjacent tegmentum. (c) The largest contingent of LHb efferents passes dorsocaudally into paramedian midbrain regions including median and dorsal raphe nuclei, and to adjacent tegmental reticular formation. Sparse addition LHb projections pass to the pretectal area, superior colliculus, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, parabrachial nuclei and locus coeruleus. No LHb projections appear to involve the interpeduncular nucleus. All of these connections are in varying degree bilateral, with decussations in the supramammillary region, ventral tegmental area and median raphe nucleus. On the basis of differential afferent and efferent connections, the LHb can be divided into a medial (M-LHb) and a lateral (L-LHb) portion. The M-LHb, receiving most of its afferents from limbic regions and only few from globus pallidus, projects mainly to the raphe nuclei, while L-LHb, afferented mainly by globus pallidus and in lesser degree by the limbic forebrain, projects predominantly to a large region of reticular formation alongside the median raphe nucleus. Both M-LHb and L-LHb, however, project to SNC. The reported data are discussed in correlation with recent histochemical findings.
Sedating Pediatric Dental Patients by Oral Ketamine with Alternating Bi-lateral Stimulation of Eye Movement Desensitization and minimizing Adverse Reaction of Ketamine by Acupuncture and Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (2012)

Ketamine, besides being an anesthetic agent, is also a strong analgesic that can be especially useful for painful procedures. Vivid dreams and nightmare, considered as undesirable side effects of ketamine, are rarely encountered when administrated orally, making it one of the most desirable oral sedative for children because it partially protects the pharyngeal-laryngeal reflex. Besides, if used in recommended dosage, it does not suppress the cardiopulmonary function as most other sedatives do. Ketamine's bronchodilator effect makes it a good sedative for children with asthma, allergies, and hay fever. Alternating bi-lateral stimulation (ABLS) of eye movement desensitization, applying pre-operatively before ketamine was found to reduce the post-operative violent emergence and behavioral problems. Acupressure at P 6 (Neikuan) acupoint helps to decrease nausea and vomiting episodes by ketamine. 36 patients with history of unmanageable behavior were sedated with ketamine 3mg/kg and ABLS. To prevent possible adverse reaction, Bi-Digital O-Ring Test (BDORT) were used to test all patients. ABLS significantly decreased tearful separation from parent. It took 15 to 20 minutes for ketamine to take effect, peak effect took 20 to 25 minutes. Working time ranged from 20 to 40 minutes. Post-operative recovery was more pleasant when ABLS was combined with ketamine, acupuncture/acupressure not only prevented vomiting and BDORT safeguard the patients from unpredictable untoward side effects but also promoting calmness.
[General pharmacological studies on tramadol, a potent analgetic agent (author's transl)]. (1978)

The general pharmacological properties of 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-cyclohexan-1-ol (tramadol; Tramal) are described and compared with those of other strong narcotic analgetics. In behavioral studies tramadol in high doses had a primarily stimulating effect in mice and rats and a sedative effect in rabbits and dogs. The Straub tail phenomenon, a reaction typical for mice administered morphine, was observed only after subtoxic doses of tramadol. In i.v. doses tramadol generally caused a weak central inhibition of non-stimulated and electrically stimulated brain activity in unanesthetized rabbits. Muscle tone and motor coordination in rats and mice were only slightly affected by the drug, in contrast to the effect of morphine. Unlike other strong analgesics tramadol in doses of 5--20 mg/kg i.v. did not cause respiratory depression and even clearly increased respiratory volume and rate in conscious rabbits and anesthetized dogs. In cats and dogs i.v. doses of tramadol up to 10 mg/kg were well tolerated in the cardiovascular system. Tramadol has a slight, papaverine-like spasmolytic effect and no effect on gastrointestinal motility or urinary and electrolyte excretion. The drug showed no antipyretic properties in rabbits. It inhibited edema in rats and guinea pigs but had no antiproliferative effect in the cotton pellet test in rats. Tramadol did not inhibit monoamine oxidase activity or cause enzyme induction in the rat liver.
Transcriptome of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli during Urinary Tract Infection (2004)

A uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain CFT073-specific DNA microarray that includes each open reading frame was used to analyze the transcriptome of CFT073 bacteria isolated directly from the urine of infected CBA/J mice. The in vivo expression profiles were compared to that of E. coli CFT073 grown statically to exponential phase in rich medium, revealing the strategies this pathogen uses in vivo for colonization, growth, and survival in the urinary tract environment. The most highly expressed genes overall in vivo encoded translational machinery, indicating that the bacteria were in a rapid growth state despite specific nutrient limitations. Expression of type 1 fimbriae, a virulence factor involved in adherence, was highly upregulated in vivo. Five iron acquisition systems were all highly upregulated during urinary tract infection, as were genes responsible for capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide synthesis, drug resistance, and microcin secretion. Surprisingly, other fimbrial genes, such as pap and foc/sfa, and genes involved in motility and chemotaxis were downregulated in vivo. E. coli CFT073 grown in human urine resulted in the upregulation of iron acquisition, capsule, and microcin secretion genes, thus partially mimicking growth in vivo. On the basis of gene expression levels, the urinary tract appears to be nitrogen and iron limiting, of high osmolarity, and of moderate oxygenation. This study represents the first assessment of any E. coli pathotype's transcriptome in vivo and provides specific insights into the mechanisms necessary for urinary tract pathogenesis.
<title>Design of distortion-invariant correlation filters using supervised learning</title> (1993)

We designed binary phase-only filters from a training set of images using a statistical approach. We forced images into clusters and designed filters to recognize objects from that cluster. We report on results obtained by computer simulation comparing the performance of filters to recognize objects from clusters of one and two classes.
On the Operational Quality of Fingerprint Scanners (2008)

This paper addresses the problem of evaluating the ldquooperational qualityrdquo of fingerprint scanners, that is, the ability of acquiring images that maximize the accuracy of automated fingerprint recognition. The quality parameters commonly used to quantify the fidelity of a scanner in sensing the input pattern have been analyzed and a large experimentation has been carried out to understand their effects on fingerprint recognition accuracy. The experimental results show that some parameters have a strong impact, while others appear to be less relevant.
Modeling Spiking Neural Networks on SpiNNaker (2010)

SpiNNaker is a massively parallel architecture with more than a million processing cores that can model up to 1 billion spiking neurons in biological real time. Here, we offer an overview of our research project and describe the first experiments with these test chips running spiking neurons based on Eugene Izhikevich's model. Note that we're not targeting artificial neural networks (such as perceptrons or multilayer networks) that were inspired by, but don't model, biologically plausible neural systems.
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus in Adults (LADA): the Role of Antibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase in Diagnosis and Prediction of Insulin Dependency (1994)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus in adults may present in a manner similar to that of Type 2 diabetes but with a late development of insulin dependency. We studied 65 patients who presented with 'adult-onset' diabetes after the age of 30 years. Of these patients, 19 required insulin therapy. The insulin-treated patients were significantly younger, their onset of diabetes was at an earlier age, and their postprandial serum C-peptide levels were lower than those of the non-insulin-treated group. Moreover, the insulin-treated subjects had a higher mean concentration of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) (66.8 +/- 10.2 units) than the patients who did not require insulin (9.9 +/- 1.9 units) (p < 0.001) and their frequency of anti-GAD positivity was 73.7% versus 4.3% (p < 0.001). Thus, among patients attending a diabetes clinic, the majority (73.7%) of subjects who presented with diabetes after 30 years of age and who subsequently required therapy with insulin, actually have the islet cell lesion of Type 1 diabetes which progresses at a slower tempo than in children. We conclude that testing for anti-GAD in adult-onset non-obese diabetic patients should be a routine procedure in order to detect latent insulin-dependency at the earliest possible stage, since this assay can assist in the correct classification of diabetes, and more appropriate therapy.
Participation of the import receptor Tom20 in protein import into mammalian mitochondria: analyses in vitro and in cultured cells (1997)

Requirement of the mitochondrial import receptor Tom20 in protein import into mammalian mitochondria was studied in vitro and in cultured cells. Import of human and rat pre-ornithine transcarbamylase (pOTC), pig pre-aspartate aminotransferase (pAAT) and rat serine: pyruvate aminotransferase (pSPT) was inhibited by delta hTom20 that lacks the NH2-terminal transmembrane domain of human Tom20 (hTom20). Import of these preproteins was also inhibited by anti-Tom20. The inhibitions by delta hTom20 and anti-hTom20 were the strongest for human pOTC, followed by rat pOTC, pAAT and pSPT. Coexpression of human pOTC and hTom20 in COS-7 cells followed by immunoblot analysis showed that overexpression of hTom20, but not delta hTom20, decreases production of mature OTC. In pulse-chase experiments, pOTC was synthesized and rapidly processed to the mature form. Coexpression of hTom20, but not delta hTom20, resulted in a decrease of pOTC processing, probably due to an imbalance of the normal stoichiometry of the receptor complex. These results show that both in vitro and in intact cells, Tom20 is involved in mitochondrial protein import in higher animals and that the requirement for Tom20 is different for different preproteins.