gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune-related MicroRNAs are Abundant in Breast Milk Exosomes (2012)

Breast milk is a complex liquid rich in immunological components that affect the development of the infant's immune system. Exosomes are membranous vesicles of endocytic origin that are found in various body fluids and that can mediate intercellular communication. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a well-defined group of non-coding small RNAs, are packaged inside exosomes in human breast milk. Here, we identified 602 unique miRNAs originating from 452 miRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs) in human breast milk exosomes using deep sequencing technology. We found that, out of 87 well-characterized immune-related pre-miRNAs, 59 (67.82%) are presented and enriched in breast milk exosomes (P < 10(-16), χ(2) test). In addition, compared with exogenous synthetic miRNAs, these endogenous immune-related miRNAs are more resistant to relatively harsh conditions. It is, therefore, tempting to speculate that these exosomal miRNAs are transferred from the mother's milk to the infant via the digestive tract, and that they play a critical role in the development of the infant immune system.
Power plane with planar electromagnetic bandgap structures for EMI reduction in high speed circuits (2006)

A planar electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure with meandered lines is proposed for mitigating simultaneous switching noise (SSN) in high-speed printed circuit boards (PCBs). Near field property of this structure is investigated and a novel concept of using this EBG structure for electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction is introduced.
Optical coherence tomography (2012)

The review provides a concise explanation of principles of operation of different optical coherence tomography methods. A comparative analysis of their advantages and disadvantages is presented in relation to specific applications. The review will assist the reader in making an educated choice on the most suitable optical coherence tomography method to be used in a particular application.
Rochalimaea elizabethae sp. nov. isolated from a patient with endocarditis (1993)

A Rochalimaea-like organism (strain F9251) was isolated from a patient with endocarditis after blood drawn for culture before antimicrobial therapy was subcultured onto blood and chocolate agars and incubated for 2 weeks in 5% CO2. The strain was phenotypically similar to known Rochalimaea species. The cellular fatty acid composition of strain F9251 was close to but distinct from those of the three known Rochalimaea species and was most similar to that of R. vinsonii. Labeled DNA from strain F9251 was 59 to 67% related to DNAs from type strains of the three described Rochalimaea species, and its 16S rRNA gene sequence was 98.9% or more homologous to their 16S rRNA gene sequences. These findings support classification of F9251 as a new Rochalimaea species, for which the name Rochalimaea elizabethae sp. nov. is proposed. The patient infected with the organism had large bacterial vegetations on his aortic valve and was cured with antibiotics and valve-replacement surgery. Recognition of the procedures required to identify this and other Rochalimaea species suggests that clinical laboratories should prolong the incubation times of cultures of blood and tissue from patients with suspected endocarditis, patients with fever of unknown origin, and immunocompromised patients with fever so that the full spectrum of disease caused by these organisms can be recognized.
MDA-MB-134 breast carcinoma cells overexpress fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors and are growth-inhibited by FGF ligands. (1994)

Overexpression of some transmembrane tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors in breast and other tumors has been found to correlate with poor prognosis. Following the cloning of the first two members of the fibroblast growth factor family of receptors (FGFRs), amplification of these receptors in breast carcinomas was found. We have examined 23 breast carcinoma cell lines to determine the extent of expression of mRNA for fgfrs 1 through 4. All breast carcinoma cell lines examined expressed mRNA for at least one fgfr and several expressed high mRNA levels for a particular receptor. MDA-MB-134, an estrogen receptor-positive cell line, expressed very high levels of mRNA for fgfr-1 and elevated levels of mRNA for fgfr-4. This cell line was found to have an amplified fgfr-1 gene, but the gene for fgfr-4 was not amplified. MDA-MB-453 cells were found to express high levels of mRNA for fgfr-4 without amplification of the gene. MDA-MB-134 cells were examined for their response to FGF ligands. Tyrosine phosphorylation of a M(r) 150,000 protein resulted when MDA-MB-134 cells were treated with FGF-1 or FGF-2, implying the presence of a functional FGFR-1. MDA-MB-134 cells were growth-inhibited by picomolar concentrations of FGF-1 or FGF-2 in a dose-dependent manner under both anchorage-independent and anchorage-dependent conditions. These results may provide insight into the consequences of FGFR overexpression in breast tumors and the development of treatment modalities which use manipulation of growth factor responses.
Theoretical modeling of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with excited-state absorption (1989)

Numerical solution of a general rate-equation model of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier highlights several important features of the device. A difference in strong-signal gain between copropagating and counterpropagating signal pump schemes in the presence of pump excited-state absorption is predicted, and this is confirmed by experimen. The detriment in the noise figure previously associated with counterpropagating schemes for only small-signal conditions is shown to be similar for strong signals, corresponding to a power-amplifier operating regime. In addition, a correction to the noise figure is given for the limit of a low-gain amplifier.
The beta-amyloid precursor protein of Alzheimer's disease enhances neuron viability and modulates neuronal polarity. (1997)

beta-Amyloid precursor protein (betaPP) can reside at neuron and glial cell surfaces or undergo proteolytic processing into secreted fragments. Although betaPP has been studied extensively, its precise physiological role is unknown. A line of transgenic knock-out mice selectively deficient in betaPP survive and breed but exhibit motor dysfunction and brain gliosis, consistent with a physiological role for betaPP in neuron development. To elucidate these functions, we cultured hippocampal neurons from wild-type and betaPP-deficient mice and compared their ability to attach, survive, and develop neurites. We found that hippocampal neurons from betaPP-deficient mice had diminished viability and retarded neurite development. We also compared the effects of betaPP secretory products, released from wild-type astrocytes, on process outgrowth from wild-type and betaPP-deficient hippocampal neurons. Outgrowth was enhanced at 1 d in the presence of wild-type astrocytes, as compared with betaPP-deficient astrocytes. However, by 3 d, neurons had shorter axons but more minor processes with more branching when cocultured with wild-type astrocytes, as compared with betaPP-deficient astrocytes. Our data demonstrate that cell-associated neuronal betaPP contributes to neuron viability, axonogenesis, and arborization and that betaPP secretory products modulate axon growth, dendrite branching, and dendrite numbers.
Engineering Oilseed Plants for a Sustainable, Land‐Based Source of Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (2007)

Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated the cardiovascular and mental health benefits of including very long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, namely eicospentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosohexaenoic acid (DHA) in the human diet. Certain fish oils can be a rich source of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids although processed marine oils are generally undesirable as food ingredients because of the associated objectionable flavors and contaminants that are difficult and cost-prohibitive to remove. Oilseed plants rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as flax and walnut oils, contain only the 18-carbon omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid, which is poorly converted by the human body to EPA and DHA. It is now possible to engineer common omega-6 rich oilseeds such as soybean and canola to produce EPA and DHA and this has been the focus of a number of academic and industrial research groups. Recent advances and future prospects in the production of EPA and DHA in oilseed crops are discussed here.
In vitro packaging of bacteriophate T7 DNA synthesized in vitro (1978)

An in vitro DNA packaging system was used to encapsulate T7 DNA that had been synthesized by extracts prepared from gently lysed Escherchia coli infected with bacteriophage T7 carrying amber mutations in gene 3 or in both genes 3 and 6. Isopycnic centrifugation of density-labeled wild-type DNA was employed in an effort to separate product from template; suppressor-free indicator bacteria were used to eliminate contributions from endogenous DNA or contaminating phage. Additional controls indicated that fragmented DNA is packaged in vitro only with very low efficiency and that the frequency of recombination during packaging is too low to affect interpretation of these experiments. T7 DNA replicated by extracts prepared using T7 mutants deficient in both genes 3 and 6 could be packaged in vitro with an efficiency comparable to that found when highly purified virion T7 DNA was used. When T7 deficient in the gene 3 endonuclease but with normal levels of the gene 6 exonuclease was used, fast-sedimentingconcatemer-like DNA structures were formed during in vitro DNA synthesis. Electron microscopy revealed many branched and highly complex DNA structures formed during this reaction. This concatemer-like DNA was encapsulated in vitro with an efficiency significantly greater than that found for DNA the length of a single T7 genome.
Signal processing for distribution network monitoring (1999)

xii Resum Abstract in Danish x Introduction Background The NESA Distribution Network The Centralized Monitoring Concept Ground Fault Localization Normal Operation Feeder Activity The Combi Sensors The DISMO PC Customers at the Feeder Normal Operation Data Mathematical Network Analysis Symmetrical Components Distributed Parameter Transmission Line Lumped Element Cable Model
Random-Effects Models for Longitudinal Data (1982)

Models for the analysis of longitudinal data must recognize the relationship between serial observations on the same unit. Multivariate models with general covariance structure are often difficult to apply to highly unbalanced data, whereas two-stage random-effects models can be used easily. In two-stage models, the probability distributions for the response vectors of different individuals belong to a single family, but some random-effects parameters vary across individuals, with a distribution specified at the second stage. A general family of models is discussed, which includes both growth models and repeated-measures models as special cases. A unified approach to fitting these models, based on a combination of empirical Bayes and maximum likelihood estimation of model parameters and using the EM algorithm, is discussed. Two examples are taken from a current epidemiological study of the health effects of air pollution.
Hot and Homeless in Melbourne (2009)

The increasing heat has become life threatening for Melbourne's homeless and marginalized population for whom there is no respite. In order to be inclusive and effective, health planning in this area will need far closer links to groups working at the grass roots level.
<title>Special-effect edit detection using VideoTrails: a comparison with existing techniques</title> (1998)

Video segmentation plays an integral role in many multimedia applications, such as digital libraries, content management systems, and various other video browsing, indexing, and retrieval systems. Many algorithms for segmentation of video have appeared within the past few years. Most of these algorithms perform well on cuts, but yield poor performance on gradual transitions or special effects edits. A complete video segmentation system must also achieve good performance on special effect edit detection. In this paper, we discuss the performance of our Video Trails-based algorithms, with other existing special effect edit-detection algorithms within the literature. Results from experiments testing for the ability to detect edits from TV programs, ranging from commercials to news magazine programs, including diverse special effect edits, which we have introduced.
Human Cytomegalovirus Interleukin-10 Downregulates Metalloproteinase Activity and Impairs Endothelial Cell Migration and Placental Cytotrophoblast Invasiveness In Vitro (2004)

At the uterine-placental interface, fetal cytotrophoblasts invade the decidua, breach maternal blood vessels, and form heterotypic contacts with uterine microvascular endothelial cells. In early gestation, differentiating- invading cytotrophoblasts produce high levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), which degrades the extracellular matrix and increases the invasion depth. By midgestation, when invasion is complete, MMP levels are reduced. Cytotrophoblasts also produce human interleukin-10 (hIL-10), a pleiotropic cytokine that modulates immune responses, helping to protect the fetal hemiallograft from rejection. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is often detected at the uterine-placental interface. CMV infection impairs cytotrophoblast differentiation and invasion, altering the expression of the cell adhesion and immune molecules. Here we report that infection with a clinical CMV strain, VR1814, but not a laboratory strain, AD169, downregulates MMP activity in uterine microvascular endothelial cells and differentiating-invading cytotrophoblasts. Infected cytotrophoblasts expressed CMV IL-10 (cmvIL-10) mRNA and secreted the viral cytokine, which upregulated hIL-10. Functional analyses showed that cmvIL-10 treatment impaired migration in endothelial cell wounding assays and cytotrophoblast invasion of Matrigel in vitro. Comparable changes occurred in cells that were exposed to recombinant hIL-10 or cmvIL-10. Our results show that cmvIL-10 decreases MMP activity and dysregulates the cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interactions of infected cytotrophoblasts and endothelial cells. Reduced MMP activity early in placental development could impair cytotrophoblast remodeling of the uterine vasculature and eventually restrict fetal growth in affected pregnancies.
Nuclear Transplantation, Embryonic Stem Cells, and the Potential for Cell Therapy (2003)

This review discusses the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. It explains why reproductive cloning is impractical, whereas therapeutic cloning holds promise for the treatment of genetic and degenerative diseases.
Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients with Chronic Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (2000)

In carefully selected patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy, electrical stimulation of the spinal cord can reduce pain and improve the health-related quality of life.
FEAR OF INJECTIONS IN YOUNG ADULTS: PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATIONS (2003)

Fear of injections may interfere with receipt of vaccines. The frequency, associations, and precipitators of fear-provoking factors of 400 travelers visiting a travel health clinic were evaluated. The median age of this group was 25, 7% were medical staff members, and 2.8% were regular injectors (insulin). Eighty-five (21.7%; 95% confidence interval, 17.3-25.6%) of the travelers indicated that they were afraid of injections, and in 8.2%, the fear was unreasonably intense. Multivariate analysis revealed that watching other people being vaccinated, fear of pain, needle size, and a history of fainting were highly and independently associated with injection phobia. The sensitivity, specificity, and discrimination accuracy of this model were 79.5%, 78.0%, and 78.3%, respectively. Injection phobia and a bad past vaccination experience were significantly associated with fainting. Perceived empathy, on the other hand, was a significant protective factor. Fear of injections was common in this cohort and was highly associated with past fainting after vaccination.
Colored filter glasses: an intercomparison of glasses made by different manufacturers (1977)

Specifications of about eight-hundred colored glasses made by thirteen manufacturers are examined and intercompared. The internal spectral transmittances of typical glasses are plotted in a series of forty-four diagrams. A log (internal density) vs wavelength representation is used. Curves with similar characteristics are grouped together in the same diagram. The internal spectral transmittances for a number of different thicknesses of each glass type can be read directly from the diagram. The curves are identified in a table, which lists the equivalent thicknesses of glasses yielding approximately the same transmittance. Such information facilitates the choice of filter components of reasonable thickness.
A 1.8 GHz Instruction Window Buffer (2002)

An Instruction Window Buffer (IWB) addresses the challenges in microprocessor designs beyond a GHz. The IWB implements the processor parts for renaming, reservation station and reorder buffer as a unified buffer. Measured results on an experimental chip demonstrate operation of the IWB macros at 1.8 GHz, with the chip at the fast end of the process distribution. The technology is 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS8S bulk technology with 7 levels of copper interconnect and a 1.5 V supply. The IWB is implemented using static and delayed reset dynamic circuit macros.
The Silver Bridge Collapse Recounted (1993)

The bridge spanning the Ohio River between Point Pleasant, W. Va., and Gallipolis, Ohio, known as the Silver Bridge, was designed and built during 1927–28. It was the first eyebar suspension bridge in the United States, and it received much attention for making engineering history. After some 40 years of service, the bridge collapsed without warning on December 15, 1967 during the evening rush hour, when the bridge was crowded with heavy traffic. The collapse resulted in the loss of 46 lives and nine injuries. A thorough investigation revealed that the collapse of the bridge was caused by the failure of the north eyebar of the north chain at the first panel point west of the Ohio tower. The eyebar had developed a cleavage failure at the lower position of its head. The tragedy of this bridge failure led to the approval of the 1968 National Bridge Inspection Standards by the U.S. Congress.
Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures (2004)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem, with 2 billion people infected worldwide, and 350 million suffering from chronic HBV infection. The 10th leading cause of death worldwide, HBV infections result in 500 000 to 1.2 million deaths per year caused by chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma; the last accounts for 320 000 deaths per year. In Western countries, the disease is relatively rare and acquired primarily in adulthood, whereas in Asia and most of Africa, chronic HBV infection is common and usually acquired perinatally or in childhood. More efficacious treatments, mass immunization programs, and safe injection techniques are essential for eliminating HBV infection and reducing global HBV-related morbidity and mortality. Safe and effective vaccines against HBV infection have been available since 1982. The implementation of mass immunization programs, which have been recommended by the World Health Organization since 1991, have dramatically decreased the incidence of HBV infection among infants, children, and adolescents in many countries. However, not all countries have adopted these recommendations and there remains a large number of persons that were infected with HBV prior to the implementation of immunization programs. Antiviral treatment is the only way to reduce morbidity and mortality from chronic HBV infection. Conventional interferon alfa and lamivudine have been the primary treatments to date. Conventional interferon alfa produces a durable response in a moderate proportion of patients but has undesirable side-effects and must be administered subcutaneously three times per week. Lamivudine also produces a response in a modest proportion of patients and causes few side-effects. However, prolonged treatment is often necessary to prevent relapse on cessation of therapy, and continuous treatment can lead to the development of lamivudine resistance. Promising emerging new treatments include adefovir, entecavir and peginterferon alfa-2a (40 kDa).
Expression Levels of TEL, AML1, and the Fusion Products TEL-AML1 and AML1-TEL versus Drug Sensitivity and Clinical Outcome in t(12;21)-Positive Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2005)

High AML1-TEL expression is an independent poor prognostic factor in t(12;21)+ childhood ALL.
Expression of ductal carcinoma antigen in breast cancer sera as defined using monoclonal antibody F36/22. (1984)

A quantitative immunoassay procedure has been constructed to evaluate levels of ductal carcinoma antigen recognized by murine McAb F36/22. Using this method, 3% of 64 apparently healthy individuals and 13% of 40 patients with benign breast disease expressed serum antigen levels above 70 units/ml. Greater than 50% of 116 patients with clinical evidence of breast cancer demonstrated circulating ductal carcinoma antigen levels above 70 units/ml. Patients with ductal carcinomas of other sites, including prostate and gastrointestinal tumors, also demonstrated elevated levels of antigen (11 and 27%, respectively). The incidence of elevated serum ductal carcinoma antigen levels correlated significantly with the incidence of intratumoral antigen expression. Lectin binding, molecular weight, and density measurements indicated that circulating antigen occurs as a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein with mucin-like characteristics.
Finding the hidden path: time bounds for all-pairs shortest paths (2002)

The all-pairs shortest paths problem in weighted graphs is investigated. An algorithm called the hidden paths algorithm, which finds these paths in time O(m*+n n/sup 2/ log n), where m* is the number of edges participating in shortest paths, is presented. It is argued that m* is likely to be small in practice, since m*=O(n log n) with high probability for many probability distributions on edge weights. An Omega (mn) lower bound on the running time of any path-comparison-based algorithm for the all-pairs shortest paths problem is proved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>