gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Salmonella vaccines: Salmonella typhimurium O-antigen-specific oligosaccharide-protein conjugates elicit opsonizing antibodies that enhance phagocytosis (1981)

Outbred NMRI mice and rabbits were vaccinated with different artificial Salmonella typhimurium immunogens and the specificity and activity of elicited antibodies were studied in in vivo and in vitro phagocytosis assays. The Salmonella immunogens used were: (i) the synthetic disaccharide, abequose (formula see text) D-mannose, representative of Salmonella O antigen 4, covalently linked to bovine serum albumin (BSA); (ii) the octa- and dodecasaccharides, (formula see text) covalently linked to BSA; and (iii) whole heat-killed Salmonella. Rabbit antibodies passively administered to mice significantly enhanced the clearance of intravenously injected S. typhimurium challenge bacteria from the bloodstream. The clearance rate and the titer of anti-O-antigen-specific antibodies correlated. The clearance rate of an S. thompson (O6,7) strain, which has a different O antigen, was the same irrespective of the rabbit serum given. NMRI mice actively immunized with the various oligosaccharide-BSA conjugates had a significantly increased clearance rate of S. typhimurium only. In the in vitro assay, mouse antioligosaccharide-BSA sera promoted phagocytosis of S. typhimurium, but not S. thompson, when incubated with complement and mouse peritoneal exudate cells activated with Freund complete adjuvant.
Stromal cells in lymph nodes attractB‐lymphoma cells via production ofstromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (2000)

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine produced by bone marrow stromal cells which plays an important role in B-lymphopoiesis and the homing of hematopoietic stem cells to the bone marrow. In the present study, we investigated the role of SDF-1 and its receptor, CXCR4, in the chemotactic interaction between non-Hodgkin B-lymphoma cells and lymph node stromal cells. SDF-1 mRNA was abundantly expressed in stromal cells isolated from the lymph nodes of patients with malignant lymphoma. All B-lymphoma cells freshly isolated from these patients and most laboratory B-lymphoma cell lines, including follicular, diffuse large, and Burkitt's lymphoma cells, expressed surface CXCR4 and migrated in the presence of recombinant human SDF-1alpha. Chemotaxis assays revealed that CXCR4-positive (but not CXCR4-negative) B-lymphoma cells migrated towards lymph node stromal cells, and this migration was almost completely inhibited by the addition of anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody to the lymphoma cells or of anti-SDF-1 neutralizing antibody to the culture supernatant of the stromal cells. Down-regulation of surface CXCR4 was detected in B-lymphoma cells which migrated towards the stromal cells but not in those which showed no migratory response. In addition, contact between the lymphoma cells and the stromal cells resulted in down-regulation of surface CXCR4 on the lymphoma cells. These data strongly suggest that SDF-1/CXCR4 is the main chemokine system involved in the chemotactic interaction between B-lymphoma cells and lymph node stromal cells.
Oligonucleotide Analogues with Terminal 3′-3′- and 5′-5′-Internucleotidic Linkages as Antisense Inhibitors of Viral Gene Expression (1991)

Abstract Oligodeoxynucleotides with terminal 3′-3′- and 5′-5′-internucleotidic linkages were found to be stabilized towards intracellular degradation and to inhibit gene expression in vitro and in vivo at concentrations of 10-30 pM.
Design, implementation, and evaluation of repairable file service (2004)

The data contents of an information system may be corrupted due to security breaches or human errors. This project focuses on intrusion tolerance techniques that speed up the process of repairing a damaged file system. The proposed system, called Repairable File Service (or RFS), is specifically designed to facilitate the repair of compromised network file servers. An architectural innovation of RFS is that it is decoupled from and requires no modifications on the shared file server that is being protected. RFS supports fine-grained logging to allow roll-back of any file update operation, and keeps track of inter-process dependencies to quickly determine the extent of system damage after an attack/error. Compared with the current practice of manual post-intrusion damage repair, RFS significantly reduces the mean time to repair and thus improves the overall system availability. Performance overhead of RFS is less than 6%.
Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) Antagonists in Foods:  A Study of Lipids with PAF or Anti-PAF-like Activity in Cow's Milk and Yogurt (1996)

Yogurt, a food with indisputable nutritional value, is also used for therapeutic purposes. Milk derivatives are blamed for some pathological effects of yogurt noted in selected subjects such as sensitive newborns or infants. In this study, we investigated the probable existence of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lipids inhibiting PAF action in raw and incubated milk and yogurt. Detection of these substances may explain the controversial properties of these milk products. The in vitro biological study of lipids in washed platelets showed little production of PAF in incubated milk (0.3−0.8 ng/100 mL sample) although the concentration of PAF in milk fat remained constant during the majority of the incubation time. Yogurt lipids of intermediate polarity presented stronger inhibitory activity against PAF than lipids corresponded to raw or incubated milk. Our data demonstrated that Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus biosynthesize important quantities of PAF inhibitors, whereas random contamination of milk leads to the production of small amounts of PAF and PAF inhibitors. Keywords: Platelet activating factor (PAF); PAF inhibitors; lipids; yogurt; milk bacteria
Hyaluronic acid metabolism and its clinical significance in patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (1993)

Musculoskeletal syndromes are common in patients treated by dialysis for end-stage renal failure and abnormal connective tissue metabolism has been implicated. Hyaluronic acid is a major component of connective tissue ground substance. Serum, dialysate, and 24-h urine hyaluronic acid was therefore measured in 43 patients treated by CAPD to determine hyaluronic acid metabolism and to relate these variables to morbidity and mortality over an 18-month period. Serum hyaluronic acid was elevated in 71% patients, being correlated with patient age, length of time on dialysis, and weight loss over the preceding 6 months. Small quantities of predominantly low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid were lost in the urine, whereas much larger amounts of mixed-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid were excreted in peritoneal dialysate. Dialysate hyaluronic acid exceeded serum hyaluronic acid. Baseline serum hyaluronic acid was closely correlated with morbidity and mortality over the following 18 months. Serum hyaluronic acid is an accurate predictor of mortality and morbidity over an 18-month period in patients treated by CAPD. Large quantities of hyaluronic acid are excreted in peritoneal dialysate, which in part represents local hyaluronic acid production.
Combining DNA and protein vaccines for early life immunization against respiratory syncytial virus in mice (1999)

Early life responses to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-F DNA and RSV-F protein immunization were studied in murine models of neonatal immunization. RSV-F DNA induced similar antibody (Ab) responses, antigen-specific IFN-gamma production and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in 1-week-old and adult BALB / c mice. In contrast, RSV-F protein induced much higher IL-5 responses in early life. Both vaccines elicited Ab and CTL responses in spite of maternal Ab, but with distinctive kinetics. Sequential RSV-F DNA priming / protein boosting primed 1-week-old mice for RSV-F-specific CTL responses, reduced IL-5 production and enhanced Ab responses. In contrast, IL-5 exceeded IFN-gamma responses when young mice were primed with protein and boosted with DNA. Last, when protein and DNA immunization were combined, a single vaccine dose induced early Ab responses, preferential IL-5 responses but strong CTL responses. Sequential or combined DNA / protein immunization thus represent interesting strategies for early life immunization.
Genetically manipulated virulence of Yersinia enterocolitica (1984)

Mobilizable virulence plasmids of Yersinia enterocolitica of serotypes O:3 and O:9 were constructed by cointegration of a mobilizable vector into the virulence plasmids. The obtained cointegrates were mobilized into plasmidless Y. enterocolitica strains of serotypes O:3, O:5, O:8, and O:9. The transfer experiments revealed the existence of two different subgroups of plasmid-associated traits. (i) Animal virulence functions (mouse lethality and conjuctivitis provocation) were only transferable to plasmid-cured derivatives of virulent parent strains (serotypes O:3, O:8, and O:9), but they were not transferable to Y. enterocolitica antigen reference strains (serotypes O:3 and O:8) or to a plasmidless clinical isolate of serotype O:5. A further striking result was that a serotype O:8 strain regained the mouse lethality trait after receipt of a plasmid from a strain not lethal to mice. These results demonstrate that plasmid-mediated animal virulence functions are not uniformly expressed within Y. enterocolitica. (ii) The second subgroup of plasmid-mediated traits (calcium dependency, surface agglutinogens, HEp-2 cell adherence, and protein release) were transferable to all Y. enterocolitica recipient strains tested (serotypes O:3, O:5, O:8, and O:9 of different origin). For the first time HEp-2 cell adherence and temperature-induced release of five major protein species are described as transferable traits.
Information Retrieval as Statistical Translation (2017)

We propose a new probabilistic approach to information retrieval based upon the ideas and methods of statistical machine translation. The central ingredient in this approach is a statistical model of how a user might distill or "translate" a given document into a query. To assess the relevance of a document to a user's query, we estimate the probability that the query would have been generated as a translation of the document, and factor in the user's general preferences in the form of a prior distribution over documents. We propose a simple, well motivated model of the document-to-query translation process, and describe an algorithm for learning the parameters of this model in an unsupervised manner from a collection of documents. As we show, one can view this approach as a generalization and justification of the "language modeling" strategy recently proposed by Ponte and Croft. In a series of experiments on TREC data, a simple translation-based retrieval system performs well in comparison to conventional retrieval techniques. This prototype system only begins to tap the full potential of translation-based retrieval.
Oscillatory pressure wave transmission from the upper airway to the carotid artery (2007)

Snoring-associated vibration energy transmission from the upper airway to the carotid artery has been hypothesized as a potential atherosclerotic plaque initiating/rupturing event that may provide a pathogenic mechanism linking snoring and embolic stroke. We examined transmission of oscillatory pressure waves from the pharyngeal lumen to the common carotid artery wall and lumen in seven male, anesthetized, spontaneously breathing New Zealand White rabbits. Airflow was monitored via a pneumotachograph inserted in series in the intact trachea. Fifteen 20-s runs of, separately, 40-, 60-, and 90-Hz oscillatory pressure waves [pressure amplitude in the trachea (Ptr(amp)), amplitude 2-20 cmH(2)O] were generated by a loudspeaker driven by a sine wave generator and amplifier and superimposed on tidal breathing via the cranial tracheal connector. Pressure transducer-tipped catheters measured pressure amplitudes in the tissues adjacent to the common carotid artery bifurcation (Pcti(amp)) and within the lumen (carotid sinus; Pcs(amp)). Data were analyzed using power spectrum analysis and linear mixed-effects statistical modeling. Both the frequency (f) and amplitude of the injected pressure wave influenced Pcti(amp) and Pcs(amp), in that ln Pcti(amp) = 1.2(Ptr(amp)) + 0.02(f) - 5.2, and ln Pcs(amp) = 0.6(Ptr(amp)) + 0.02(f) - 4.9 (both P < 0.05). Across all frequencies tested, transfer of oscillatory pressure across the carotid artery wall was associated with an amplitude gain, as expressed by a Pcs(amp)-to-Pcti(amp) ratio of 1.8 +/- 0.3 (n = 6). Our findings confirm transmission of oscillatory pressure waves from the upper airway lumen to the peripharyngeal tissues and across the carotid artery wall to the lumen. Further studies are required to establish the role of this incident energy in the pathogenesis of carotid artery vascular disease.
Mammalian Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases: Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Functions (2011)

The superfamily of cyclic nucleotide (cN) phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is comprised of 11 families of enzymes. PDEs break down cAMP and/or cGMP and are major determinants of cellular cN levels and, consequently, the actions of cN-signaling pathways. PDEs exhibit a range of catalytic efficiencies for breakdown of cAMP and/or cGMP and are regulated by myriad processes including phosphorylation, cN binding to allosteric GAF domains, changes in expression levels, interaction with regulatory or anchoring proteins, and reversible translocation among subcellular compartments. Selective PDE inhibitors are currently in clinical use for treatment of erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, intermittent claudication, and chronic pulmonary obstructive disease; many new inhibitors are being developed for treatment of these and other maladies. Recently reported x-ray crystallographic structures have defined features that provide for specificity for cAMP or cGMP in PDE catalytic sites or their GAF domains, as well as mechanisms involved in catalysis, oligomerization, autoinhibition, and interactions with inhibitors. In addition, major advances have been made in understanding the physiological impact and the biochemical basis for selective localization and/or recruitment of specific PDE isoenzymes to particular subcellular compartments. The many recent advances in understanding PDE structures, functions, and physiological actions are discussed in this review.
Would credit scoring work for Islamic finance? A neural network approach (2014)

Purpose – This paper aims to distinguish whether the decision-making process of the Islamic financial houses in the UK can be improved through the use of credit scoring modeling techniques as opposed to the currently used judgmental approaches. Subsidiary aims are to identify how scoring models can reclassify accepted applicants who later are considered as having bad credit and how many of the rejected applicants are later considered as having good credit, and highlight significant variables that are crucial in terms of accepting and rejecting applicants, which can further aid the decision-making process. Design/methodology/approach – A real data set of 487 applicants is used consisting of 336 accepted credit applications and 151 rejected credit applications made to an Islamic finance house in the UK. To build the proposed scoring models, the data set is divided into training and hold-out subsets. The training subset is used to build the scoring models, and the hold-out subset is used to test the predictive capabilities of the scoring models. Seventy per cent of the overall applicants will be used for the training subset, and 30 per cent will be used for the testing subset. Three statistical modeling techniques, namely, discriminant analysis, logistic regression (LR) and multilayer perceptron (MP) neural network, are used to build the proposed scoring models. Findings – The findings reveal that the LR model has the highest correct classification (CC) rate in the training subset, whereas MP outperforms other techniques and has the highest CC rate in the hold-out subset. MP also outperforms other techniques in terms of predicting the rejected credit applications and has the lowest misclassification cost above other techniques. In addition, results from MP models show that monthly expenses, age and marital status are identified as the key factors affecting the decision-making process. Originality/value – This contribution is the first to apply credit scoring modeling techniques in Islamic finance. Also in building a scoring model, the authors' application applies a different approach by using accepted and rejected credit applications instead of good and bad credit histories. This identifies opportunity costs of misclassifying credit applications as rejected.
ChemInform Abstract: Properties of Sm2O3‐Al2O3‐SiO2 Glasses for in vivo Applications. (1990)

Abstract Sm 2 O 3 ‐Al2O3‐SiO2 (SmAS) glasses are investigated in order to assess their usefulness as radiotherapeutic agents.
Surface Wave Excitation and Propagation (1960)

A geometrical theory is developed for the analysis of surface wave excitation and propagation. The surfaces along which the surface waves propagate may be either curved or flat, and may have either constant or variable properties. The theory is based on the concept of a complex or imaginary ray. The excitation coefficient which enters the theory is determined from the solution of a canonical problem—that of a line source over an impedance plane. Then the theory is applied to the surface wave excited by a line source, on a wedge with variable surface impedance. The result agrees precisely with the asymptotic form of the exact solution. Another application is made to the surface wave excited on a cylinder by a line source. The result also agrees with the exact solution.
A novel high‐throughput cell‐based method for integrated quantification of type I interferons and in vitro screening of immunostimulatory RNA drug delivery (2009)

A hallmark of immune activation by certain RNA sequences is the generation of interferon responses. However, the study of immunostimulatory RNA (isRNA) has been hindered by costly and slow methods, particularly in vitro. We have developed a cell-based assay to detect human type I interferon (IFN) that reliably senses both IFN-alpha and IFN-beta simultaneously. The human 293T cell line was stably transfected with a fusion gene of monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP) under the transcriptional control of an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE). High levels of mRFP are expressed following activation of the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR). Using this method, detection limits for IFN similar to that of ELISA can be achieved but with a greater dynamic range and in a high-throughput manner. As a proof of concept, we utilized this method to screen a library of cationic lipid-like materials that form nanoparticle complexes with RNA for induction of innate immune responses in vitro. We expect the screening and detection methods described herein may provide a useful tool in elucidating mechanisms that govern the delivery of RNA molecules to effector cells and receptors of the innate immune system. We apply this tool to investigate isRNA drug delivery, but it may also find use in other applications for which high-throughput detection of type 1 IFN is desired.
Synthesis of Some Substituted Pyrazoles as Possible Antibacterial Agents (1977)

Nadkarny-Sacasa Research Laboratory, St. Xavier's College, Bombay-400 001. <em>Manuscript received 26 November 1976, revised 28 July 1977, accepted 29 .July 1977.</em> Some pyrazole derivatives of the type II-VI were synthesised from 4-(3<em>'</em>, 5<em>'</em>-Dimethyl-1<em>'</em>-pyrazolyl) benzhydrazide (I) and tested against <em>S aureus</em> and <em>E. coli.</em> Only type III-compounds completely inhibited the growth of <em>S. aureus</em> at the concentrations employed.
Presentation and Recognition of Biotin on Nanofibers Formed by Branched Peptide Amphiphiles (2004)

A branched peptide amphiphile system was designed for enhanced recognition of biotin on nanofibers formed by self-assembly of these molecules. Branching at a lysine residue was used to design peptide amphiphiles that are capable of presenting more than one epitope per molecule. We found that biotinylated branched structures form nanofibers that enhance recognition by the avidin protein receptor relative to similar nanostructures formed by linear peptide analogues. Biotin-avidin binding to the supramolecular nanofibers was characterized by measurement of fluorescence from nanofibers incubated with chromophore-conjugated avidin.
Closed-form solutions for physically based shape modeling and recognition (1991)

The authors present a closed-form, physically based solution for recovering a three-dimensional (3-D) solid model from collections of 3-D surface measurements. Given a sufficient number of independent measurements, the solution is overconstrained and unique except for rotational symmetries. The proposed approach is based on the finite element method (FEM) and parametric solid modeling using implicit functions. This approach provides both the convenience of parametric modeling and the expressiveness of the physically based mesh formulation and, in addition, can provide great accuracy at physical simulation. A physically based object-recognition method that allows simple, closed-form comparisons of recovered 3-D solid models is presented. The performance of these methods is evaluated using both synthetic range data with various signal-to-noise ratios and using laser rangefinder data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Lebanon - Cultural Heritage and Tourism Development Project : environmental assessment (2002)

In recognition of potential environmental adversity, stemming from the archaeological preservation works, rehabilitation of historic city centers, and urban infrastructure, this environmental assessment (EA) provides the basis for project design to take environmental considerations, including socioeconomic impacts, into account in the decision-making process. Mitigation measures stipulate the following: Traffic control will be developed, re-routing plans during all phases of construction, and, traffic monitoring will be enforced, which includes the installation of road signals. Noise disturbances will be minimized by the choice of appropriate equipment, and maintenance, and by limiting working hours to daytime schedules. Landscape impacts, mainly public gardens, will be mitigated through re-vegetation, and site fencing, to be managed by the municipality. It is expected that solid waste, and wastewater generation rates will increase during construction; thus, landfills, and waste disposal sites will be designated by the municipalities, including consideration for waste recycling, and re-use. Water quality impacts should include provisions for proper surface drainage during both the construction, and operation phases, while abatement of on-site water and chemical usage (oil, lubricants, and fuels) will be conducted similarly to waste disposal, disposed of at selected landfills. Health and safety aspects include adequate warning signs, creation of buffer zones, while additionally, community participation will be ensured.