gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra Q-bodies: quench-based antibody probes that utilize dye-dye interactions with enhanced antigen-dependent fluorescence (2014)

Recently, we described a novel reagentless fluorescent biosensor strategy named Quenchbody, which functions via the antigen-dependent removal of the quenching effect on a fluorophore that is attached to a single-chain antibody variable region. To explore the practical utility of Quenchbodies, we prepared antibody Fab fragments that were fluorolabeled at either one or two of the N-terminal regions, using a cell-free translation-mediated position-specific protein labeling system. Unexpectedly, the Fab fragment labeled at the heavy chain N-terminal region demonstrated a deeper quenching and antigen-dependent release compared to that observed using scFv. Moreover, when the Fab was fluorolabeled at the two N-termini with either the same dye or with two different dyes, an improved response due to enhanced quenching via dye-dye interactions was observed. On the basis of this approach, several targets, including peptides, proteins, and haptens, as well as narcotics, were quantified with a higher response up to 50-fold. In addition, differentiation of osteosarcoma to osteoblasts was successfully imaged using a similarly fluorolabeled recombinant Fab protein prepared from E. coli. Due to its versatility, this "Ultra-Quenchbody" is expected to exhibit a range of applications from in vitro diagnostics to the live imaging of various targets in situ.
Analysis of Aviation Turbine Fuel Composition by Laser Raman Spectroscopy (1991)

We have applied a Raman spectroscopic approach to the analysis of aviation fuel mixtures. The fuel mixtures chosen are fuels blended to military specification, namely, JP-4, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8. We expect that the Raman spectral bands from such fuel mixtures may serve to provide a clear and reproducible standard for the determination of fuel properties, suitable for the evaluation of both commercial and military aviation fuel products.
Suppressors of cytokine signaling: Potential immune checkpoint molecules for cancer immunotherapy (2017)

Inhibition of immune checkpoint molecules, PD-1 and CTLA4, has been shown to be a promising cancer treatment. PD-1 and CTLA4 inhibit TCR and co-stimulatory signals. The third T cell activation signal represents the signals from the cytokine receptors. The cytokine interferon-γ (IFNγ) plays an important role in anti-tumor immunity by activating cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). Most cytokines use the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, and the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins are major negative regulators of the JAK/STAT pathway. Among SOCS proteins, CIS, SOCS1, and SOCS3 proteins can be considered the third immunocheckpoint molecules since they regulate cytokine signals that control the polarization of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and the maturation of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. This review summarizes recent progress on CIS, SOCS1, and SOCS3 in terms of their anti-tumor immunity and potential applications.
A Wide-Band Local Access System Using Emerging-Technology Components (1986)

Recent advances in optical transmission technologies hold forth the promise of abundant and low-cost bandwidth. Parallel advances in the fundamental technologies required for the construction of switching equipment result in a plethora of emerging technologies available for use by the systems designers seeking to define a wide-band ( > 100 Mbits/s per channel) communications system. This paper presents a concept for such a system intended for use in the local access segment of a communications network. Both the proposed underlying technologies and the systems concepts used in applying those technologies will be presented.
Engineering of Escherichia coli for targeted delivery of transgenes to HER2/neu‐positive tumor cells (2011)

Targeting of non-phagocytic tumor cells and prompt release of gene cargos upon entry into tumors are two limiting steps in the bacterial gene delivery path. To tackle these problems, the non-pathogenic Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) was engineered to display the anti-HER2/neu affibody on the surface. After co-incubation with tumor cells for 3 h, the anti-HER2/neu affibody-presenting E. coli strain was selectively internalized into HER2/neu-positive SKBR-3 cells. The invasion efficiency reached as high as 30%. Furthermore, the bacteria were equipped with the phage ϕX174 lysin gene E-mediated autolysis system. Carrying the transgene (e.g., eukaryotic green fluorescent protein, GFP), the tumor-targeting bacteria were subjected to the thermal shock to trigger the autolysis system upon entry into HER2/neu-positive cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that 3% of infected cells expressed GFP 24 h post thermal induction. Overall, the results show a promise of the proposed approach for developing bacteria as a delivery carrier.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR): Structure, Mechanisms of Activation and Diverse Functions. (1993)

The structurally diverse xenobiotic peroxisome proliferators (PPs) increase the number of peroxisomes per cell and the levels of several enzymes, and cause hepatomegaly, often leading to hepatocarcinogenesis in a species- and tissue-specific manner. The deadlocked problems of the molecular mechanism of PP action and its physiological meanings have begun to be understood through cDNA cloning of a PP-activated receptor (PPAR). PPAR, a member of the steroid/thyroid/vitamin superfamily of nuclear receptors, has isoforms and differentially heterodimerizes with other nuclear receptors, providing potential mechanisms not only for species- and tissue-specific actions but also for diverse actions of PPs. Recent findings related to PPAR are summarized, and its possible role in lipid metabolism and involvement in PP-induced hepatocarcinogenesis are discussed.
Photoelectroanalytical chemistry: possible interferences in serum and the selective detection of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) in the presence of interferents. (1983)

Photoelectroanalytical chemistry, the application of photoelectrochemistry to analysis, as reported here, is based on the amperometric detection of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(III) after its production from the corresponding Ru(II) complex in an excited state and quenching by electron transfer. The Ru(II) complex is detectable in concentrations less than 10(-10) mol/L injected into a flow stream in 100 microL. The selectivity of the detection is based upon several competitive reactions and their rates. The complex can be detected accurately in the presence of at least 10(4) molar excess of the potent interferents uric acid and oxalic acid. We anticipate that this complex will be used in assays that involve the use of labels.
The pro‐region of the yeast prepro‐α‐factor is essential for membrane translocation of human insulin‐like growth factor 1 in vivo (1992)

Four yeast secretion signals, the 19-amino-acid invertase signal sequence, the 17-amino-acid acid-phosphatase signal sequence, and the pre-sequence and prepro-sequence of prepro-alpha-factor have been used to look for the secretion of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Only the prepro-sequence, often referred to as the alpha-factor leader and consisting of an N-terminal 19-amino-acid pre-sequence or signal sequence attached to a 66-amino-acid pro-region, permits secretion of IGF1. The signal sequences alone do not allow the translocation of IGF1 into the endoplasmic reticulum. This is evident from the fact that IGF1-like molecules, to which the signal sequences are still attached, accumulate intracellularly in the cytosol. Fusion of the pro-region of the alpha-factor leader to the C-terminus of the acid-phosphatase and invertase signal sequences allows IGF1 to be secreted once again. These results reveal the essential role of the pro-region of the alpha-factor leader in the secretion of IGF1 and indicate that it may have a function in guiding a nascent IGF1 polypeptide to a state in which translocation can occur.
CX3CR1 Tyrosine Sulfation Enhances Fractalkine-induced Cell Adhesion (2002)

Fractalkine is a unique CX(3)C chemokine/mucin hybrid molecule that functions like selectins in inducing the capture of receptor-expressing cells. Because of the importance of tyrosine sulfation for ligand binding of the selectin ligand PSGL1, we tested the role of tyrosine sulfation for CX(3)CR1 function in cell adhesion. Tyrosine residues 14 and 22 in the N terminus of CX(3)CR1 were mutated to phenylalanine and stably expressed on K562 cells. Cells expressing CX(3)CR1-Y14F were competent in signal transduction but defective in capture by and firm adhesion to immobilized fractalkine under physiologic flow conditions. In static binding assays, CX(3)CR1-Y14F mutants had a 2-4-fold decreased affinity to fractalkine compared with wild type CX(3)CR1. By surface plasmon resonance measurements of fractalkine binding to biosensor chip-immobilized cell membranes, CX(3)CR1-Y14F mutants had a 100-fold decreased affinity to fractalkine. CX(3)CR1-expressing cell membranes treated with arylsulfatase to desulfate tyrosine residues also showed a 100-fold decreased affinity for fractalkine. Finally, synthesized, sulfated N-terminal CX(3)CR1 peptides immobilized on biosensor chips showed a higher affinity for fractalkine than non-sulfated peptides. Thus, we conclude that sulfation of tyrosine 14 enhances the function of CX(3)CR1 in cell capture and firm adhesion. Further, tyrosine sulfation may represent a general mechanism utilized by molecules that function in the rapid capture of circulating leukocytes.
Low current resistive switching in Cu–SiO2 cells (2008)

Resistive switching in Ir∕SiO2∕Cu memory cells was investigated. The proposed switching mechanism is the formation and dissolution of a Cu filament. Under positive bias, Cu cations migrate through SiO2 and are reduced at the counterelectrode forming a filament. The filament is dissolved under reverse bias. The write current can be reduced down to 10pA which is four orders of magnitude below published values and shows the potential of extremely low power-consuming memory cells. Furthermore, a comparison of the charge flow in the high resistance state and the energy for writing is given for write currents between 25pA and 10nA.
Potential mechanisms and clinical significance of global cerebral edema following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (2007)

In an attempt to elucidate the pathophysiology and clinical significance of global cerebral edema (GCE) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), the authors explored potential mechanisms and reviewed findings associated with this phenomenon. Admission computed tomography (CT) scans show GCE in up to 20% of patients experiencing aneurysmal SAH. This edema is likely to have been initiated by transient global ischemia, as indicated by an association between ictal loss of consciousness and the development of edema. A further cascade of events, including a rise in intracranial pressure and compromise of the blood-brain barrier, are also likely contributors. Clinically, GCE on CT after aneurysmal SAH is predictive of a poor outcome. Further investigation is needed to gain a full understanding of edema development following SAH, with the hope that the knowledge can be used to influence treatment positively and improve outcome.
Chemical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of cis- and trans-12,13-Cyclopropyl and 12,13-Cyclobutyl Epothilones and Related Pyridine Side Chain Analogues (2001)

The design, chemical synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl epothilone analogues (3-12, Figure 1) are described. The synthetic strategies toward these epothilones involved a Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi coupling to form the C15-C16 carbon-carbon bond, an aldol reaction to construct the C6-C7 carbon-carbon bond, and a Yamaguchi macrolactonization to complete the required skeletal framework. Biological studies with the synthesized compounds led to the identification of epothilone analogues 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 11 as potent tubulin polymerization promoters and cytotoxic agents with (12R,13S,15S)-cyclopropyl 5-methylpyridine epothilone A (11) as the most powerful compound whose potencies (e.g. IC(50) = 0.6 nM against the 1A9 ovarian carcinoma cell line) approach those of epothilone B. These investigations led to a number of important structure-activity relationships, including the conclusion that neither the epoxide nor the stereochemistry at C12 are essential, while the stereochemistry at both C13 and C15 are crucial for biological activity. These studies also confirmed the importance of both the cyclopropyl and 5-methylpyridine moieties in conferring potent and potentially clinically useful biological properties to the epothilone scaffold.
Functional reconstitution of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor with guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins in phospholipid vesicles. (1986)

We describe the successful reconstitution of functional interactions between an inhibitory adenylate cyclase-coupled receptor and various nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins in phospholipid vesicles. The receptor is the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor (alpha 2AR) which has been partially purified (approximately 500-5000-fold) from human platelet membranes. The nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins include purified preparations of human erythrocyte Ni and Ns, bovine retinal transducin and the recently discovered bovine brain No. Addition of the physiologic ligand, epinephrine, to vesicles containing the alpha 2AR and Ni results in stimulation of the GTPase activity in Ni. This stimulation of GTPase activity by epinephrine is prevented in the presence of the alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine, which indicates that a functional reconstitution of the alpha 2AR and Ni has been established. The maximum turnover number for the alpha 2AR-mediated epinephrine-stimulated GTPase activity in Ni is similar to the maximal turnover numbers obtained for the beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated isoproterenol-stimulated GTPase activity in Ns and the rhodopsin-mediated light-stimulated GTPase activity in transducin (0.5-1.5 mol of Pi released per min per mol of nucleotide regulatory protein). Functional similarities between the alpha 2AR and rhodopsin are observed in their interactions with the various nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins. Thus, both of these receptor proteins are capable of promoting the maximal activation of Ni and No while being much less effective in promoting the activation of Ns. However, there are differences between the alpha 2AR and rhodopsin in their interactions with transducin. Specifically, while rhodopsin will maximally activate transducin, the alpha 2AR is much less effective in promoting this activation (i.e. approximately 20% as effective as rhodopsin). Overall, these results suggest the following specificities of interaction: for rhodopsin, transducin approximately equal to Ni approximately equal to No much greater than Ns; while for alpha 2AR, Ni approximately equal to No greater than transducin greater than or equal to Ns.
Context-Based Personalization for Mobile Web Search. (2008)

User experience while searching for web pages on the move can be far from satisfactory due to the inherent limitations of the input modes available in mobile devices. On the other hand, end-users can benefit from the availability of contextaware information anywhere, anytime. To overcome the usability problem and exploit context information at the same time, we propose a thesaurus-based semantic context-aware autocompletion mechanism. Our system can help the user in completing the desired query terms avoiding manual typing. In addition we are capable of filtering out non-relevant query terms for the Context in which the search process is conducted. Our context-aware proposal is based on a model which represents formally all the information about the user circumstances, the access mechanism (device and web browser) and the surrounding environment. Our evaluation reveals that users can find new relevant context-aware results with less effort. 1.
Nanobodies as Versatile Tools to Understand, Diagnose, Visualize and Treat Cancer (2016)

Since their discovery, nanobodies have been used extensively in the fields of research, diagnostics and therapy. These antigen binding fragments, originating from Camelid heavy-chain antibodies, possess unusual hallmarks in terms of (small) size, stability, solubility and specificity, hence allowing cost-effective production and sometimes outperforming monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we evaluate the current status of nanobodies to study, diagnose, visualize or inhibit cancer-specific proteins and processes. Nanobodies are highly adaptable tools for cancer research as they enable specific modulation of targets, enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins alike. Molecular imaging studies benefit from the rapid, homogeneous tumor accumulation of nanobodies and their fast blood clearance, permitting previously unattainable fast tumor visualization. Moreover, they are endowed with considerable therapeutic potential as inhibitors of receptor-ligand pairs and deliverers of drugs or drug-loaded nanoparticles towards tumors. More in vivo and clinical studies are however eagerly awaited to unleash their full potential.
Organic light-emitting diodes having exclusive near-infrared electrophosphorescence (2006)

Near-infrared (NIR) emission is demonstrated from phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes containing blends of polymeric host and heavy metal complex, iridium(III) bis(1-pyrenyl-isoquinolinato-N,C′) acetylacetonate. The devices exhibit exclusive NIR emission with a peak value at 720nm. Forward light output exceeds 100μW∕cm2, and the external quantum efficiency is nearly 0.1%. These values are shown to increase upon using a hole blocking layer in the device architecture.
Recommendations for the presentation of NMR structures of proteins and nucleic acids (IUPAC Recommendations 1998) (1998)

Abstract
Holographically recorded gratings on microlenses for a miniaturized spectrometer array (2000)

We report on the investigation of refractive microlens arrays with diffractive grating surfaces in the context of a microspectrometer array system. The elements fabricated combine the fairly large dimensions of the refractive microlens (990-m diam, 60-m height) with the submicron features of the diffraction grating (1-m grating period) on one transmitting surface. The fabrication process of these elements was studied, as well as their performance with respect to resolution and stray-light suppression. The maximum resolution was 3 nm, and the stray-light suppression 25 dB. We present a concept for a system of miniaturized spectrometer arrays for chemical analysis.
Analysis of the ATPase subassembly which initiates processive DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. (1991)

The gamma complex (gamma delta delta' chi psi) subassembly of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme transfers the beta subunit onto primed DNA in a reaction which requires ATP hydrolysis. Once on DNA, beta is a "sliding clamp" which tethers the polymerase to DNA for highly processive synthesis. We have examined beta and the gamma complex to identify which subunit(s) hydrolyzes ATP. We find the gamma complex is a DNA dependent ATPase. The beta subunit, which lacks ATPase activity, enhances the gamma complex ATPase when primed DNA is used as an effector. Hence, the gamma complex recognizes DNA and couples ATP hydrolysis to clamp beta onto primed DNA. Study of gamma complex subunits showed no single subunit contained significant ATPase activity. However, the heterodimers, gamma delta and gamma delta', were both DNA-dependent ATPases. Only the gamma delta ATPase was stimulated by beta and was functional in transferring the beta from solution to primed DNA. Similarity in ATPase activity of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme accessory proteins to accessory proteins of phage T4 DNA polymerase and mammalian DNA polymerase delta suggests the basic strategy of chromosome duplication has been conserved throughout evolution.
Cyclische lastprocessen spaarzaam hydraulisch aandrijven : Learning Hydraulic Systems (1998)

De aandrijvingen in gereedschapswerktuigen en -machines worden doorgaans onderworpen aan variabele belastingen gedurende het proces van bewerken en fabriceren op deze machines. In het lopende productieproces ontstaat een herhaling van deze processen, omdat in opeenvolging een volgend product of een volgende component wordt gefabriceerd of bewerkt. De aandrijvingen in deze machines worden dus feitelijk onderworpen aan een zich herhalend patroon van varierende belastingen, dus aan cyclische lastprocessen. Doorgaans zijn deze aandrijvingen complex in de zin van het aanwezig zijn van meerdere deelaandrijfprocessen. Deze deelprocessen worden gedeeltelijk sequentieel en deels parallel uitgevoerd. Een centrale machinebesturing heeft de taak om de te verrichten processen te coordineren onder andere door middel van het op het juiste moment aansturen van de deelprocesen.
Myostatin is an inhibitor of myogenic differentiation (2002)

Myostatin (MSTN), a transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily member, has been shown to negatively regulate muscle growth by inhibiting muscle precursor cell proliferation. Here, we stably transfected C(2)C(12) cells with mouse MSTN cDNA to investigate its possible role in myoblast differentiation. We found that MSTN cDNA overexpression reversibly inhibits the myogenic process by downregulating mRNA levels of the muscle regulatory factors myoD and myogenin, as well as the activity of their downstream target creatine kinase. Taking into consideration that MSTN expression during development is restricted to muscle, our results suggest that MSTN probably regulates myogenic differentiation by an autocrine mechanism.