gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Oligonucleotide Modifications of Small Unilamellar Lipid Vesicles (2006)

We present a new method for quantification of the coupling efficiency between amphiphilic oligonucleotides and suspended small unilamellar lipid vesicles (SUVs). The method employs a supported (phospho)lipid bilayer (SLB)-modified sensor template, which upon exposure to a mixture of SUVs and amphiphilic DNA reacts neither with free SUVs nor with DNA-modified SUVs, but with free DNA only. Using calibration curves obtained by recording the concentration dependence of the initial binding rate of free amphiphilic DNA (in the absence of SUVs), it is demonstrated how concentration determinations of both free and bound DNA in the two-component mixture (amphiphilic DNA and lipid vesicles) can be obtained. The calibration curves and the binding analysis were obtained using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring. The binding efficiency of DNA coupled to SUVs (Ø approximately 50 nm) with two cholesterol moieties revealed that the bivalent coupling is essentially 100% in the range of approximately 1 to approximately 35 oligonucleotides per vesicle, whereas reversible coupling was confirmed in the case of monovalent coupling. Coupling of DNA via two cholesterol moieties was obtained by prehybridization of two single-stranded DNA strands modified with single cholesterol moieties in their 3' and 5' ends, respectively, and the monovalent coupling was obtained using single-stranded DNA. In the latter case, the analysis of the amount of free DNA at different DNA-SUV ratios also allowed for a determination of the maximum number of available binding sites on the SUVs, shown to be in good agreement with data obtained for DNA coupling on planar surfaces. With the only requirement that the SLB-modified sensor template react with one of the components in the two-component mixture only, as verified through fingerprint analysis of frequency, f, and energy dissipation, D, QCM-D measurements, it is emphasized that the method is generic and offers a fast and reliable method for evaluations of biomolecular modifications of any type of colloidal nanoparticles.
Design and Implement on Smart Home System (2013)

Smart home system, makes home life more comfortable, more safe and more efficient by connecting application subsystem with each other. The disadvantages of ordinary home is not far to seek. Such as few functions, single interactive mode. Compared with ordinary home, smart home has many strengths, especially this smart home system .Our smart home system is composed of a lot of popular technology, for instance, speech recognition, GSM, GPRS, Sensors, camera, smart phone, etc. It is based on ARM platform and AT89s52 SCM. It is without a doubt, smart home system bring a cool experience to users.
12-week study comparing the fixed combination of brimonidine and timolol with concomitant use of the individual components in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. (2005)

Brimonidine/timolol fixed-combination therapy is as safe and effective as concomitant treatment with the individual components. Its simplified dosing regimen has the potential to improve compliance. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2005; 15: 581-90).
Accuratein vitrocleavage by RNase in of phosphorothioate-substituted RNA processing signals in bacteriophage T7 early mRNA (1988)

To test the ability of an RNA processing enzyme to cleave chemically-modified RNA substrates, RNA transcripts containing RNase III cleavage sites were enzymatically synthesized in vitro to contain specific phosphorothioate diester internucleotide linkages. One transcript (R1.1 RNA) was generated using phage T7 RNA polymerase and a cloned segment of phage T7 DNA containing the R1.1 RNase III processing site. The second transcript was the phage T7 polycistronic early mRNA precursor, which was synthesized using E. coli RNA polymerase and T7 genomic DNA. The RNA transcripts contained phosphorothioate diester groups at positions including the scissile bonds. The modified RNAs were stable to incubation in Mg2+-containing buffer, and were specifically cleaved by RNase III. RNA oligonucleotide sequence analysis showed that the modified R1.1 RNA processing site was the same as the canonical site and contained a phosphorothioate bond. Furthermore, RNase III cleaved the phosphorothioate internucleotide bond with 5' polarity. RNase III cleavage of phosphorothioate substituted T7 polycistronic early mRNA precursor produced the same gel electrophoretic pattern as that obtained with the control transcript. Thus, RNase III cleavage specificity is not altered by phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages.
Self-Sensing Micro- and Nanocantilevers with Attonewton-Scale Force Resolution (2006)

Thin, piezoresistive silicon cantilevers are shown to provide unprecedented sensitivity for force detection in an integrated, self-sensing, readily scalable configuration. The devices realized herein are patterned from single-crystal Si epilayer membranes utilizing bulk micro- and nanomachining processes. We demonstrate an electrically transduced force sensitivity of 235 aN/Hz^(1/2) at room temperature and 17 aN/Hz^(1/2) at 10 K. Enhancement of the p+ piezoresistive gauge factor is observed at cryogenic temperatures. The results are employed to elucidate the ultimate, low-temperature sensitivity attainable from self-sensing nanoelectromechanical systems utilizing displacement transduction based upon semiconducting piezoresistors.
Triple helix formation inhibits transcription elongation in vitro. (1991)

We have identified a 15-nucleotide site within a G-free transcription cassette that forms triple helix with sequence-specific oligodeoxyribonucleotides. When oligodeoxynucleotides were added to template DNA prior to in vitro transcription, a significant fraction of transcripts were truncated at a site corresponding to the region of triple helix formation. Kinetic analysis of the transcription products demonstrated that these truncated transcripts could be elongated to full length upon prolonged incubation. When an alkylating base was incorporated into the oligodeoxynucleotide to form covalent triple helix, most of the transcripts remained truncated. We conclude that triple helix formation can stall or, in the case of covalent crosslinking, can block RNA polymerase II and thus may provide a method for the specific inhibition of gene expression.
A robust adaptive sliding mode tracking control using an RBF neural network for robotic manipulators (2002)

A new robust adaptive sliding mode tracking control scheme using an RBF neural network is proposed for rigid robotic manipulators to achieve robustness and asymptotic error convergence. A key feature of this scheme is that the prior knowledge of the upper bound of the system uncertainties is not required. An adaptive RBF neural network is used to learn the upper bound of system uncertainties. The output of the neural network is then used as a compensator parameter in the sense that the effects of the system uncertainties can be eliminated and asymptotic error convergence can be obtained for the closed loop robotic control system.
Reducing test application time for full scan embedded cores (2003)

We propose a new design for testability technique, Parallel Serial Full Scan (PSFS), for reducing the test application time for full scan embedded cores. Test application time reduction is achieved by dividing the scan chain into multiple partitions and shifting in the same vector to each scan chain through a single scan in input. The experimental results for the ISCAS890 circuits showed that PSFS technique significantly reduces both the test application time and the amount of test data for full scan embedded cores.
Encyclopedia of immunology (1999)

A comprehensive three-volume work which aims to be a definitive source of all immunological knowledge. Features include approximately 600 entries covering all aspects of immunology; extensive cross-references; and an alphabetically arranged format for easy access.
Interaction of units in a unit selection database (1999)

This paper describes the Swedish spoken dialogue system August. This system has been used to collect spontaneous speech data, largely from people with no previous experience of speech technology or computers. The aim was to be able to analyse how novice users interact with a multi-modal information kiosk, placed without supervision in a public location. The system described in this paper featured an animated talking agent, August. Speech data was collected during the six months that the system was exposed to the general public. The system and its components are briefly described, with references to more detailed papers.
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates PDGF receptor subunit dimerization and intersubunit trans-phosphorylation (1991)

High affinity binding of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been proposed to involve the interaction of the dimeric PDGF ligand with two receptor subunits, designated alpha and beta. We have cloned and expressed a human PDGF receptor cDNA which differs in sequence from the beta-subunit and which has the PDGF binding properties and monoclonal antibody recognition, predicted for the alpha-subunit. Scatchard analysis indicated that PDGF-AA and PDGF-AB bound to transfected alpha-subunits with affinities of Kd = 0.06 and 0.05 nM, respectively. PDGF-BB bound with a significantly lower affinity (Kd = 0.4 nM). Nevertheless, this affinity is still great enough to mediate substantial PDGF-BB binding at physiological concentrations and would be considered to be "high affinity." We have used wild-type and kinase-inactive human beta-subunits to show that PDGF binding promotes receptor subunit dimerization in intact cells. In addition, we found that PDGF stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of the kinase-inactive beta-subunit when it is expressed with alpha-subunits. The kinase-inactive beta-subunits were phosphorylated at tyrosine 857 and 751, the major phosphorylation sites of the wild-type beta-subunit, indicating either that intra- and intermolecular phosphorylation occurs on the same sites, or that a significant fraction of receptor tyrosine phosphorylation is intermolecular.
Virtual nanoscopy: Generation of ultra-large high resolution electron microscopy maps (2012)

A key obstacle in uncovering the orchestration between molecular and cellular events is the vastly different length scales on which they occur. We describe here a methodology for ultrastructurally mapping regions of cells and tissue as large as 1 mm(2) at nanometer resolution. Our approach employs standard transmission electron microscopy, rapid automated data collection, and stitching to create large virtual slides. It greatly facilitates correlative light-electron microscopy studies to relate structure and function and provides a genuine representation of ultrastructural events. The method is scalable as illustrated by slides up to 281 gigapixels in size. Here, we applied virtual nanoscopy in a correlative light-electron microscopy study to address the role of the endothelial glycocalyx in protein leakage over the glomerular filtration barrier, in an immunogold labeling study of internalization of oncolytic reovirus in human dendritic cells, in a cryo-electron microscopy study of intact vitrified mouse embryonic cells, and in an ultrastructural mapping of a complete zebrafish embryo slice.
Noninvasive remote ischemic preconditioning for global protection of skeletal muscle against infarction (2003)

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of action of a noninvasive remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) technique for the protection of multiple distant skeletal muscles against ischemic necrosis (infarction). It was observed in the pig that three cycles of 10-min occlusion and reperfusion in a hindlimb by tourniquet application reduced the infarction of latissimus dorsi (LD), gracilis (GC), and rectus abdominis (RA) muscle flaps by 55%, 60%, and 55%, respectively, compared with their corresponding control (n = 6, P < 0.01) when they were subsequently subjected to 4 h of ischemia and 48 h of reperfusion. This infarct-protective effect of remote IPC in LD muscle flaps was abolished by an intravenous bolus injection of the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (3 mg/kg) 10 min before remote IPC and a continuous intravenous infusion (3 mg/kg) during remote IPC and by an intravenous bolus injection of the selective delta 1-opioid receptor antagonist 7-benzylidenealtrexone maleate (3 mg/kg). However, this infarct-protective effect of remote IPC was not affected by an intravenous bolus injection of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium chloride (20 mg/kg) or the nonspecific adenosine receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (10 mg/kg) or by a local intra-arterial injection of the adenosine1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (3 mg/muscle flap) given 10 min before remote IPC. It was also observed that this remote IPC of skeletal muscle against infarction was associated with a slower rate of muscle ATP depletion during the 4 h of sustained ischemia and a reduced muscle neutrophilic myeloperoxidase activity after 1.5 h of reperfusion. These observations led us to speculate that noninvasive remote IPC by brief cycles of occlusion and reperfusion in a pig hindlimb is effective in global protection of skeletal muscle against infarction. This infarct-protective effect is most likely triggered by the activation of opioid receptors in the skeletal muscle, and remote IPC is associated with an energy-sparing effect during sustained ischemia and attenuation of neutrophil accumulation during reperfusion.
Partial sciatic nerve injury in the mouse as a model of neuropathic pain: behavioral and neuroanatomical correlates (1998)

The generation of knock-out and transgenic mice offers a promising approach to the identification of novel biochemical factors that contribute to persistent pain conditions. To take advantage of these mice, however, it is important to demonstrate that the traditional models of persistent pain, which were largely developed for studies in the rat, can be used in the mouse. Here, we combined behavioral and anatomical methods to characterize the pathophysiology of a partial nerve injury-evoked pain condition in the 'normal' mouse. In male C57BL6 mice we tied a tight ligature around 1/3 to 1/2 of the diameter of the sciatic nerve and evaluated the time-course and magnitude of the ensuing mechanical and thermal allodynia. We also used immunocytochemistry to analyze nerve injury-induced changes in substance P (SP) and NK-1 (SP) receptor expression in the spinal cord. As in the rat, partial nerve injury markedly decreased paw withdrawal thresholds to both mechanical and thermal stimuli on the injured side. We detected threshold changes one day after the injury. The thermal allodynia resolved by 49 days, but the mechanical allodynia persisted for the duration of the study (70 days). We found no changes contralateral to the nerve injury. Sympatholytic treatment with guanethidine significantly reduced both the thermal and mechanical allodynia. We observed a reduction of SP immunoreactivity in the superficial dorsal horn on the injured side at 7 and 14, but not at 3 or 70 days after the nerve injury, and we observed an increase of NK-1 receptor expression at 3, 7, 14 and 42, but not at 70 days after the injury. We conclude that partial injury to the sciatic nerve produces a comparable allodynia and neurochemical plasticity in the rat and mouse. These results establish a valuable model for future studies of the biochemical basis of neuropathic pain in mice with specific gene modifications.
The Neuroprotective Effects of Heat Shock Protein 27 Overexpression in Transgenic Animals against Kainate-induced Seizures and Hippocampal Cell Death (2003)

The 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP27) has a potent ability to increase cell survival in response to a wide range of cellular challenges. In order to investigate the mode of action of HSP27 in vivo, we have developed transgenic lines, which express human HSP27 at high levels throughout the brain, spinal cord, and other tissues. In view of the particular property of HSP27 compared with other HSPs to protect neurons against apoptosis, we have tested these transgenic lines in a well established in vivo model of neurotoxicity produced by kainic acid, where apoptotic cell death occurs. Our results demonstrate for the first time the marked protective effects of HSP27 overexpression in vivo, which significantly reduces kainate-induced seizure severity and mortality rate (>50%) in two independent lines and markedly reduces neuronal cell death in the CA3 region of hippocampus. This reduced seizure severity in HSP27 transgenic animals was associated with a marked attenuation of caspase 3 induction and apoptotic features. These studies clearly demonstrate that HSP27 has a major neuroprotective effect in the central nervous system in keeping with its properties demonstrated in culture and highlight an early stage in the cell death pathway that is affected by HSP27.
Rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) as single first-line therapy for patients with follicular lymphoma with a low tumor burden: clinical and molecular evaluation (2001)

The clinical activity of rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody which binds to the CD20 antigen, was evaluated as a single first-line therapy for patients with follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Fifty patients with follicular CD20(+) NHL and a low tumor burden were analyzed for clinical and molecular responses. They received 4 weekly infusions of rituximab at a dose of 375 mg/m(2). The response rate a month after treatment (day 50) was 36 of 49 (73%), with 10 patients in complete remission, 3 patients in complete remission/unconfirmed, and 23 patients in partial remission. Ten patients had stable disease, and the disease progressed in 3 patients. One of 13 (8%) patients in complete remission, 9 of 23 (39%) patients in partial remission, and 5 of 10 (50%) patients with stable disease exhibited disease progression during the first year. Within the study population, 32 patients were initially informative for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data on bcl-2-J(H) rearrangement. On day 50, 17 of 30 patients (57%) were negative for bcl-2-J(H) rearrangement in peripheral blood, and 9 of 29 (31%) were negative in bone marrow; a significant association was observed between molecular and clinical responses (P <.0001). At month 12, 16 of 26 patients (62%) were PCR negative in peripheral blood. These results indicate that early molecular responses can be sustained for up to 12 months and that this response is highly correlated with progression-free survival. Rituximab has a high clinical activity and a low toxicity and induces a high complete molecular response rate in patients with follicular lymphoma and a low tumor burden.
Differential binding of agonists and antagonists to GABAA and glycine receptors. (1990)

The 'globulines anormalment precipitables' (GAP) which have been reported to be raised in current and former oral contraceptive users was measured in Nigerian subjects (which) including male volunteers. The results showed that GAP were present in males who had never used contraceptives and that the mean values were the lowest in intrauterine contraceptive (IUD) users and highest in females who had never used any contraceptive. However, current contraceptive users had lower mean GAP values than either former users or never users. Therefore it has been concluded that GAP levels alone cannot be used to predict the development of thrombo-embolic complications in pill users, and that ethinyl oestradiol cannot be the main physiological stimulus for GAP synthesis.
Autofluorescence endoscopy in surveillance of Barrett’s esophagus: a multicenter randomized trial on diagnostic efficacy (2006)

In this referral Barrett's esophagus population with a higher prevalence of neoplastic lesions, the AFE-guided approach improved the diagnostic yield for neoplasia in comparison with the conventional approach using four-quadrant biopsies. However, AFE alone was not suitable for replacing the standard four-quadrant biopsy protocol.
Optical lithography--thirty years and three orders of magnitude: the evolution of optical lithography tools (1997)

The evolution of optical lithography is traced back more than 30 years to its beginnings with contact printing. As the complexity of integrated circuits increased, the intolerance for defects drove the industry to projection printing. Projection printing was introduced in the early 1970's by imaging the full wafer at 1:1 magnification. The rapid increase in wafer sizes was accommodated by annular field scanning using 1:1 imaging mirror systems. Decreased linewidths and tighter overlay budgets combined with larger wafers created huge difficulties for the mask maker which weren't relived until the introduction of reduction step- and-repeat printing of small blocks of chips in the late 1970's. Further demands for smaller linewidths and larger chips have driven optical lithography to shorter wavelengths and to scanning the chip in a step-and-scan printing mode. Future advancements in lithography will likely combine novel scanning techniques with further reductions in wavelength.
A Basic Guide to Real Time PCR in Microbial Diagnostics: Definitions, Parameters, and Everything (2017)

Real time PCR (quantitative PCR, qPCR) is now a well-established method for the detection, quantification, and typing of different microbial agents in the areas of clinical and veterinary diagnostics and food safety. Although the concept of PCR is relatively simple, there are specific issues in qPCR that developers and users of this technology must bear in mind. These include the use of correct terminology and definitions, understanding of the principle of PCR, difficulties with interpretation and presentation of data, the limitations of qPCR in different areas of microbial diagnostics and parameters important for the description of qPCR performance. It is not our intention in this review to describe every single aspect of qPCR design, optimization, and validation; however, it is our hope that this basic guide will help to orient beginners and users of qPCR in the use of this powerful technique.