gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the rate dependent strength of ice‐silica mixture with silica volume fractions up to 0.63 (2008)

We conducted deformation experiments of ice‐1 μ m silica beads mixture to clarify the effects of silica beads volume fraction and temperature on the strength. The silica beads volume fraction was changed from 0 to 0.63 to simulate the surfaces of icy bodies. Unconfined uniaxial compression tests were made in a cold room at the temperatures from −10°C to −25°C and the constant strain rates ranged from 2.9 × 10 −3 to 8.5 × 10 −7 s −1 . We determined the rate dependent strength of the mixture written by = A · σ max n from the relationship between the maximum stress, σ max , on the stress‐strain curve and the applied strain rate, . At −10°C, the mixtures with silica volume fractions of 0.004–0.04 had almost the same strength with pure ice and the stress exponent, n , is about 3. On the other hands, at the silica volume fractions more than 0.15, the mixture became harder as the beads were more included, and it had the same stress exponent, about 6. This high stress exponent might be caused by crack generation. Also, we found that the A for silica volume fractions more than 0.15 was written by an exponential equation related to the silica volume fraction, ϕ , A = 6.86 × 10 −8 exp(−6.35 ϕ ). Furthermore, we found that the n of ϕ = 0.15 was independent of the temperature, and the brittle‐ductile boundary of ϕ = 0.29 and 0.63 was more than 30°C higher than that of pure ice.
Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for rat angiotensinogen. (1983)

A mixture of tetradecamer oligodeoxyribonucleotides complementary to the codons specifying the carboxyl-terminal sequence, Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His, of angiotensin was chemically synthesized as two pools and used for the isolation of a cDNA clone specific for angiotensinogen from a cDNA bank of rat liver mRNA sequences. The two pools (oligo 1 and oligo 2), each containing 24 oligodeoxyribonucleotides, were first used as primers to initiate reverse transcription of rat liver mRNA. One of the pools (oligo 1) was found to prime a specific 32P-labeled cDNA of approximately 160 nucleotides that contained the anticoding sequence corresponding exactly to the amino acid sequence of rat angiotensin. This cDNA, in turn, was used to rescreen cDNA clones that were isolated by initially selecting the rat liver cDNA bank by hybridization with the oligo 1 mixture. One clone thus obtained, designated pRag16, was subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis and verified to contain a nearly full-length cDNA sequence coding for rat angiotensinogen precursor. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that the precursor molecular consists of angiotensinogen of 453 amino acid residues and a putative signal peptide of 24 amino acid residues. The predicted molecular weight and amino acid composition of angiotensinogen agree well with those determined by using the purified protein. An angiotensin moiety is located at the amino-terminal part of angiotensinogen, preceded directly by the signal peptide and followed by a large carboxyl-terminal sequence that contains two internally homologous sequences and three potential glycosylation sites.
High-speed monolithically integrated silicon photoreceivers fabricated in 130-nm CMOS technology (2002)

A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) monolithically integrated photoreceiver is presented. The circuit was fabricated in a 130-nm unmodified CMOS process flow on 2-/spl mu/m-thick silicon-on-insulator substrates. The receiver operated at 8 Gb/s with 2-dBm average input optical power and a bit error rate of less than 10/sup -9/. The integrated lateral p-i-n photodetector was simultaneously realized with the amplifier and had a responsivity of 0.07 A/W at 850 nm. The measured receiver sensitivities at 5, 3.125, 2, and 1 Gb/s, were -10.9, -15.4, -16.5, and -19 dBm, respectively. A 3-V single-supply operation was possible at bit rates up to 3.125 Gb/s. The transimpedance gain of the receivers was in the range 53.4-31 dB/spl Omega/. The circuit dissipated total power between 10 mW and 35 mW, depending on the design.
Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review (2020)

An outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-CoV) infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to find alternative methods to control the spread of disease. Here, we have conducted an online search for all treatment options related to coronavirus infections as well as some RNA-virus infection and we have found that general treatments, coronavirus-specific treatments, and antiviral treatments should be useful in fighting COVID-19. We suggest that the nutritional status of each infected patient should be evaluated before the administration of general treatments and the current children's RNA-virus vaccines including influenza vaccine should be immunized for uninfected people and health care workers. In addition, convalescent plasma should be given to COVID-19 patients if it is available. In conclusion, we suggest that all the potential interventions be implemented to control the emerging COVID-19 if the infection is uncontrollable.
Changing patterns of ganglion cell coupling and connexin expression during chick retinal development (2002)

We have used dye injection and immunolabeling to investigate the relationship between connexin (Cx) expression and dye coupling between ganglion cells (GCs) and other cells of the embryonic chick retina between embryonic days 5 and 14 (E5-14). At E5, GCs were usually coupled, via soma-somatic or dendro-somatic contacts, to only one or two other cells. Coupling increased with time until E11 when GCs were often coupled to more than a dozen other cells with somata in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) or inner nuclear layer (INL). These coupled clusters occupied large areas of the retina and coupling was via dendro-dendritic contacts. By E14, after the onset of synaptogenesis and at a time of marked cell death, dye coupling was markedly decreased with GCs coupled to three or four partners. At this time, coupling was usually to cells of the same morphology, whereas earlier coupling was heterogeneous. Between E5 and E11, GCs were sometimes coupled to cells of neuroepithelial morphology that spanned the thickness of the retina. The expression of Cx 26, 32, and 43 differed and their distribution changed during the period studied, showing correlation with events such as proliferation, migration, and synaptogenesis. These results suggest specific roles for gap junctions and Cx's during retinal development.
Listeria monocytogenes-Based Antibiotic Resistance Gene-Free Antigen Delivery System Applicable to Other Bacterial Vectors and DNA Vaccines (2004)

Plasmids represent a powerful tool to rapidly introduce genes into bacteria and help them reach high expression levels. In vaccine development, with live vaccine vectors, this allows greater flexibility and the ability to induce larger antigen amounts through multiple gene copies. However, plasmid retention often requires antibiotic resistance markers, the presence of which has been discouraged in clinical applications by the Food and Drug Administration. Therefore, we developed a Listeria monocytogenes-Escherichia coli shuttle plasmid that is retained by complementation of D-alanine racemase-deficient mutant strains both in vitro and in vivo. Our technology potentially allows the production of antibiotic resistance marker-free DNA vaccines as well as bacterial vaccine vectors devoid of engineered antibiotic resistances. As a proof of concept, we applied the D-alanine racemase complementation system to our Listeria cancer vaccine platform. With a transplantable tumor model, we compared the efficacy of the new Listeria vector to that of an established vector containing a conventional plasmid carrying a tumor-specific antigen. Both vaccine vector systems resulted in long-term regression of established tumors, with no significant difference between them. Thus, the Listeria vaccine vector presented here potentially complies with Food and Drug Administration regulations and could be developed further for clinical use.
Design and Characterization of a CMOS Micromachined Capacitive Acoustic Sensor (2007)

This work presents a CMOS micromachined capacitive sensor for detection of acoustic pressure transmitted through the air. The post micromachining steps performed at chip level start with a sacrificial metal etch, followed by a dielectric reactive ion etch. The fabricated device has a suspended plate of 65 mum in diameter with four support beams, producing an initial sensing capacitance of 35 fF. The suspended plate has a resonant frequency of 1.3 MHz. The measured input-referred circuit noise is 0.35 muV/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> . The measured sensor output is 3.5 muV at an electrode bias of 10 V, which is equivalent to a capacitance change of 2.9x10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> aF and a displacement of 0.31 pm. The corresponding acoustic force and pressure acting on the sensor are 0.33 nN and 0.075 Pa, respectively.
A low-power low-noise ultrawide-dynamic-range CMOS imager with pixel-parallel A/D conversion (2001)

A CMOS image sensor with pixel-parallel analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion fabricated with different array sizes and photodiode types in a three-metal 0.5-/spl mu/m process is presented. Nominal power dissipation is 40 nW per pixel at V/sub DD/=3.3 V. A/D conversion results from sampling a free-running photocurrent-controlled oscillator to give a first-order /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ sequence. The sensor displays dynamic range capability of greater than 150000:1 and exhibits fixed pattern noise correctable to within 0.1% of signal.
Current mirror circuit with accurate mirror gain for low β transistors (2002)

A new current mirror with accurate mirror gain for low /spl beta/ transistors is presented. The new current mirror employs a cascoded output stage to provide high output impedance. High mirror gain accuracy is achieved by using a split-collector transistor to compensate for base currents of the source-coupled transistor pair. The split factor is dependent on the desired mirror gain and the nominal /spl beta/ value.
Detection via laser desorption and mass spectrometry of multiplex electrophore‐labeled albumin (1997)

Albumin was reacted with a mixture of six electrophore N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, each of which possessed an interior glycolketo linkage. The purpose of this linkage is to release the attached electrophore as a ketone when heated, due to a thermal retro-aldol reaction. The multiplex electrophore-labeled albumin was detected as a dried spot deposited on a polyimide membrane by laser desorption/capillary collection (of the released ketone electrophores)/off-line gas chromatography/electron caputre-mass spectrometry. This encourages further study of such electrophore labels in immunoassays and related techniques, where there is a need to make advances in multi-analyte detection. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elucidation of the mechanism enabling tumor selective prodrug monotherapy. (1998)

Elucidation of the mechanism enabling tumor selective PMT in vivo with appropriate glucuronyl-spacer-doxorubicin prodrugs, such as HMR 1826, is important for the design of clinical studies, as well as for the development of more selective drugs. Enzyme histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and the terminal deoxytransferase technique were applied using human cryopreserved cancer tissues, normal human, monkey, and mouse tissues, and human tumor xenografts to examine mechanisms underlying the selectivity of successful PMT with HMR 1826. It could unambiguously be shown by enzyme histochemistry that necrotic areas in human cancers are the sites in which lysosomal beta-glucuronidase is liberated extracellularly in high local concentrations. The cells responsible for the liberation of the enzyme are mainly acute and chronic inflammatory cells, as shown by IHC. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that beta-glucuronidase liberated in necrotic areas of tumors can activate HMR 1826, resulting in increased doxorubicin deposition in human tumor xenografts or in human lung cancers subjected to extracorporal perfusion, compared to chemotherapy with doxorubicin. Additionally, the doxorubicin load to normal tissues was significantly reduced compared to chemotherapy with doxorubicin. Surprisingly, the increased doxorubicin deposition in tumors also resulted in strong antitumor effects also in cancers resistant to maximum tolerated doses of systemic doxorubicin. Finally, toxicity studies in mice and monkeys revealed an excellent tolerability of HMR 1826, up to a dose of 3 g/m2 (monkeys). These data suggest that HMR 1826 is a promising candidate for clinical development.
Selective growth of silica nanowires in silicon catalysed by Pt thin film (2006)

Selective growth of amorphous silica nanowires on a silicon wafer deposited with Pt thin film is reported. The mechanism of nanowire growth has been established to follow the vapour liquid solid (VLS) model via the PtSi phase acting as the catalyst. Nanowires grow with diameters ranging from 50 to 500 nm. These bottom-up grown nanowires exhibit photoluminescence with a stable emission of blue light at 430 nm under excitation. The effect of varying the seed layer thickness (Pt film) from 2 to 100 nm has been studied. It is observed that, above 10 nm thickness, a continuous layer of Pt(2)Si re-solidifies on the surface, inhibiting the growth of nanowires. The selectivity to the Pt thickness has been exploited to create regions of nanowires connected to conducting silicide (Pt(2)Si) simultaneously in a single furnace treatment. This novel approach has opened the gateways for realizing hybrid interconnects in silicon for various nano-optical applications such as the localization of light, low-dimensional waveguides for functional microphotonics, scanning near-field microscopy, and nanoantennae.
BK Virus Specific T Cells Expanded Ex Vivo for Use in Cellular Therapy Show Multiple Antigen Specificity and Polyfunctional Th1 Responses (2011)

There is increasing evidence for the role of BK virus in the aetiology of haemorrhagic cystitis and renal impairment post haemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Cellular therapy for immune reconstitution post HSCT has been used clinically for CMV, EBV and adenovirus. Broadening the scope of viral targets in this type of therapy is desirable to reduce the burden of opportunistic infections in this patient group. Monocyte derived dendritic cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells were pulsed with mixes of overlapping peptides covering the 5 BKV proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3, LTA and STA). These were used to stimulate T cells on days 1 and 7 and cells were cultured for 21 days with increasing doses of IL-2 from day 7. The cellular product was then analysed for phenotype, BKV specificity and functionality by examining cytokine production and cytotoxicity. Cellular proliferation was seen in all donors, mean fold increase in total viable cells was 5.9 fold. All cell products were mainly CD3 cells (mean 94.1%) with individual variation in CD4:CD8 ratio (ranges: CD4 9.7 to 97.5%; CD8 0.9 to 77%). T cell subsets analysis showed the majority of cells to be Tem (mean 71.2%), with a sizable minority of Tcm (mean 21.5%). Data on antigen specificity was available in 11 of 15 cultures. Within cultures, BKV responsive cells varied (CD3 mean 12.7%, CD8 mean 15.2%, CD4 mean 12.5%,). There was heterogeneity in the specificity of cells to different BKV proteins. Most responses were directed to VP1, LTA and STA with smaller magnitude responses seen to VP2 and VP3. The quality of the cytokine response was assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry for IFN-γ, TNF and IL-2. In all cases, the percentage of cells producing multiple cytokines to stimulation with BKV proteins was high (for CD3 mean triple cytokine 37.5%, double 34.3% and single 28.2%). Cytotoxicity was assessed using CD107a/b expression and the CARE-LASS cell lysis assay. CD107 expression was present in both CD8 and CD4. This was higher in CD8 cells and lysis of antigen coated target cells correlated with the presence of CD107 expression on CD8 cells. The clinical utility of this product will be determined in clinical trials of adoptive immunotherapy following HSCT or renal transplantation. This method for large-scale expansion of BKV specific CTL could also be utilised for analysis of BKV targeted immune responses and epitope identification.
Some biological actions of PEG-conjugated RNase A oligomers. (2006)

Previously we have shown that monomeric RNase A has no significant biological activity, whereas its oligomers (dimer to tetramer) prepared by lyophilizing from 50% acetic acid solutions, show remarkable aspermatogenic and antitumor activities. Furthermore, conjugates prepared by chemical binding of native RNase A to polyethylene glycol (PEG) have shown a significant aspermatogenic and antitumor activities. In this work we show that the chemical conjugation of PEG to the RNase A C-dimer, and to the two RNase A trimers (NC-trimer and C- trimer) decreases the aspermatogenic activity of the oligomers while increasing their inhibitory activity on the growth of the human UB900518 amelanotic melanoma transplanted in athymic nude mice. Moreover, the PEG-conjugated RNaseA oligomers are devoid, like the free oligomers, of any embryotoxic activity.
Interactive User Feedback in Ontology Matching Using Signature Vectors (2012)

When compared to a gold standard, the set of mappings that are generated by an automatic ontology matching process is neither complete nor are the individual mappings always correct. However, given the explosion in the number, size, and complexity of available ontologies, domain experts no longer have the capability to create ontology mappings without considerable effort. We present a solution to this problem that consists of making the ontology matching process interactive so as to incorporate user feedback in the loop. Our approach clusters mappings to identify where user feedback will be most beneficial in reducing the number of user interactions and system iterations. This feedback process has been implemented in the Agreement Maker system and is supported by visual analytic techniques that help users to better understand the matching process. Experimental results using the OAEI benchmarks show the effectiveness of our approach. We will demonstrate how users can interact with the ontology matching process through the Agreement Maker user interface to match real-world ontologies.
Collections management - documenting conservation collections using a genotype collecting method (2019)

Many threatened plant species are typically grown from seed for ex situ security; for re-introductions, landscape enhancement, translocation and offset actions, with the aim of improving the trajectory of populations. They are also grown from seed for use in research to gain a better understanding of the species in question. However, propagation from seed is not always possible due to difficulties in obtaining viable seed and, if seed can be obtained, there is often a lack of information on whether it can be readily germinated, grown in cultivation and/or plants established from the seed collected.
Peptide and Protein Recognition by Designed Molecules (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeptide and Protein Recognition by Designed MoleculesMark W. Peczuh and Andrew D. HamiltonView Author Information Yale University, Department of Chemistry, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 7, 2479–2494Publication Date (Web):June 20, 2000Publication History Received14 September 1999Published online20 June 2000Published inissue 1 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9900026https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9900026research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4742Altmetric-Citations488LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Interfaces,Molecular design,Molecules,Peptides and proteins,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Binding of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S8 to 16S rRNA: kinetic and thermodynamic characterization (1986)

A sensitive membrane filter assay has been used to examine the kinetic and equilibrium properties of the interactions between Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S8 and 16S rRNA. In standard conditions (0 degrees C, pH 7.5, 20 mM Mg2+, 0.35 M KCl) the apparent association constant is 5 +/- 0.5 X 10(-7) M-1. The interaction is highly specific, and the kinetics of the reaction are consistent with the apparent association constant. Nevertheless, the rate of association is somewhat slower than that expected for a diffusion-controlled reaction, suggesting some steric constraint. The association is only slightly affected by temperature (delta H = -1.8 kcal/mol). The entropy change [delta S = +29 cal/(mol K)] is clearly the main driving force for the reaction. The salt dependence of Ka reveals that five ions are released upon binding at pH 7.5 and in the presence of 10 mM magnesium. The substitution of various anions for Cl- has an appreciable effect on the magnitude of Ka, following the order CH3COO- greater than Cl- greater than Br-, thus indicating the existence of anion binding site(s) on S8. An equal number of ions were released when Cl- was replaced by CH3COO-, but the absence of anion release upon binding cannot be excluded. On the other hand, the free energy of binding appears not to be exclusively electrostatic in nature. The effect of pH on both temperature and ionic strength dependence of Ka has been examined. It appears that protonation of residue(s) (with pK congruent to 9) increases the affinity via a generalized charge effect. On the other hand, deprotonation of some residue(s) with a pK congruent to 5-6 seems to be required for binding. Furthermore, the unique cysteine present in S8 was shown to be essential for binding.
A robotic haptic system architecture (2002)

The question of what are the necessary elements to integrate a robotics system that would enable it to carry out a task, i.e. pick-up and transport objects in an unknown environment, is addressed. One of the major concerns is to insure adequate data throughput and fast communication between modules within the system, so that haptic tasks can be adequately carried out. The communication issues involved in the development of such a system are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>