gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perturbed Myelination Process of Premyelinating Oligodendrocyte in Niemann-PickType C Mouse (2004)

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive neurovisceral lipid storage disease caused by a loss of NPCI function, which results in perturbation of intracellular cholesterol transport. In BALB/c npc(nih) mice, the murine ortholog of NPCI gene is mutated. In NPC mouse, hypomyelination is conspicuous in the cerebral white matter and corpus callosum in addition to neuronal storage. However, the pathogenesis on hypomyelination is not well elucidated. We hypothesized that the hypomyelination in NPC mice resulted from either defective differentiation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells or a failure of proper axon-glial interaction. Myelin basic protein immunohistochemistry disclosed severe hypomyelination of cerebral cortex as well. NG2- or O4-positive progenitor cells and premyelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) were abundant. However, pi-glutathione-S-transferase-positive mature OLs were considerably reduced. In hypomyelinated white matter, strong immunoreactivity of polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule, a negative regulator of myelination, was observed in axons. Given the fact that neuro-axonal degeneration has been observed in NPC mouse as early as 9 days of age prior to the commencement of myelination in the corpus callosum and that axonal signals are essential for the proper myelination, subtle axonal injury might be contributing to the pathogenesis of disturbed myelination in the NPC mouse.
Wireless Power Transmission, Technology, and Applications [Scanning the Issue] (2013)

The articles in this special issue focus on the topics of the key technologies and applications that support wireless power transmission.
Infections and Airway Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Severe Exacerbations (2006)

Respiratory infections are associated with the majority of COPD exacerbations and their severity, especially those with viral/bacterial coinfection. Airway neutrophilia is related to exacerbation severity regardless of viral and/or bacterial infections. Eosinophilia is a good predictor of viral exacerbations.
Solarization and Chemical Alternatives to Methyl Bromide for Preplant Soil Treatment of Strawberries (2001)

Solarization and chemical alternatives to methyl bromide (MeBr) soil fumigation for strawberry ( Fragaria { XtimesX } ananassa ) were evaluated in a 3-year study in Savannah, Ga. Solarization using clear or black plastic, metam sodium (Sectagon), dazomet (Basamid), 1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin (Telone C-35), MeBr, and untreated control treatments were used. Solarization produced maximal soil temperatures of 55 to 60 °C (131 to 140 °F) at the 2.5 cm (1 inch) depth, and 42 to 48 °C (108 to 118 °F) at the 15 cm (6 inch) depth. Clear and black plastic were generally equally effective in heating the soil. A double layer of clear plastic raised soil temperatures 1 to 2 °C (2 to 4 °F) above those under a single layer of clear at the 2.5 cm depth, although this occurred less frequently at the 15 cm depth. MeBr treatment increased yield by 46% and 128% in the first and second years, respectively, compared to the untreated control, but all treatments were similar in yield in year three. Season average fruit size differed among treatments in only the first year, with MeBr resulting in fruit 13% to 25% larger than other treatments. Yield for the metam sodium treatment in the first year was 34% lower than for MeBr, but comparable to MeBr in the other 2 years. Solarization treatment yields were similar to those of MeBr in the first and third years, but could not be analyzed in the second year due to plot damage. Dazomet treatment yields were similar to those of MeBr, metam sodium, and the untreated control in its single year of testing, but logistics of application and high costs may disfavor this treatment. The 1,3-dichloropropene/chloropicrin treatment performed as well as MeBr in its single year of testing. Three treatments-metam sodium, 1,3-dichloropropene/chloropicrin, and solarization with black plastic-offer viable, lower cost alternatives to MeBr.
Laser ionization mass spectrometry of nonvolatile samples (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser ionization mass spectrometry of nonvolatile samplesE. D. Hardin and M. L. VestalCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 9, 1492–1497Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00232a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00232a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
2 The Pathway and Mechanism of Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis (1996)

Knowledge of the detailed mechanism of protein synthesis is essential for understanding translational controls. We are primarily concerned with how the various macromolecules of the translational apparatus interact to promote the process of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. The entire process is divided conveniently into three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination. This chapter focuses on how the soluble factors, namely, initiation factors, elongation factors, and release factors, catalyze the sequential binding and reaction of aminoacyl-tRNAs to ribosomes as dictated by the template messenger RNA. Details of transfer RNA structure and aminoacylation and ribosome structure lie outside the scope of this chapter. For reviews on the formation and functions of aminoacyl-tRNAs, see Carter (1993) and Soll (1993); see also the chapter by Wool (this volume) on ribosomal proteins and a book on ribosome structure/function (Nierhaus et al. 1993). Insight into the process of protein synthesis emerged primarily from biochemical studies that utilized radioactively labeled amino acids and fractionated lysates derived from either bacterial or mammalian cells. The major macromolecular components were identified by purifying proteins and nucleic acids required to reconstitute translation in the test tube. Surprisingly, bacterial genetic approaches contributed only modestly to the identification of the greater than 200 macromolecular components that comprise the translational apparatus. Because the biochemical approach was so fruitful, subsequent in vitro studies on how these molecules interact proceeded rapidly. It is only recently that genetic studies with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae or experiments using recombinant DNA techniques have enabled researchers to examine the mechanism...
Unusual immunophenotypes in acute leukaemias: incidence and clinical correlations (1989)

Summary The incidence and clinical implications of unusual patterns of expression of leucocyte differentiation antigens in acute leukaemia were assessed on 568 newly diagnosed paediatric and adult cases undergoing immunophenotyping with a panel of monoclonal antibodies at a single centre. Among patients with the precursor B (common) form of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the major variant seen was the group of 15 cases with expression of myeloid surface antigens. 4·5% of ALL cases tested with antibody to CD‐11b were positive, 5·1% were CD‐13 + , and 10·8% CD‐33 + . All 15 patients achieved a complete remission with chemotherapy, with six of eight children and four of seven adults remaining disease free. A smaller proportion (1–5%) of precursor B ALL patients showed expression of the T lineage marker, CD‐7. The only significant variant seen in the precursor T‐ALL group was expression of HLA‐DR antigen, which was found in five of 3 5 cases; although all responded to treatment, only one remains a disease‐free survivor. Among patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), expression of the lymphoid markers terminal transferase (TdT) and CD‐7 were commonly seen (22·2% and 28·4% respectively of cases tested). Other lymphoid markers detected on AML cases were CD2 (11·1%), CD‐10 (1%) and CD‐19 (4·4%). These results confirm that examples of lineage infidelity are regularly seen in large series of patients with acute leukaemia. Prospective studies using uniform treatment protocols are required to establish whether these patients have significantly different disease outcomes.
Spectrally enhanced image resolution of tooth enamel surfaces (2012)

Short-wavelength 405 nm laser illumination of surface dental enamel using an ultrathin scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) produced enhanced detail of dental topography. The surfaces of human extracted teeth and artificial erosions were imaged with 405 nm, 444 nm, 532 nm, or 635 nm illumination lasers. The obtained images were then processed offline to compensate for any differences in the illumination beam diameters between the different lasers. Scattering and absorption coefficients for a Monte Carlo model of light propagation in dental enamel for 405 nm were scaled from published data at 532 nm and 633 nm. The value of the scattering coefficient used in the model was scaled from the coefficients at 532 nm and 633 nm by the inverse third power of wavelength. Simulations showed that the penetration depth of short-wavelength illumination is localized close to the enamel surface, while long-wavelength illumination travels much further and is backscattered from greater depths. Therefore, images obtained using short wavelength laser are not contaminated by the superposition of light reflected from enamel tissue at greater depths. Hence, the SFE with short-wavelength illumination may make it possible to visualize surface manifestations of phenomena such as demineralization, thus better aiding the clinician in the detection of early caries.
Spatial covariance based downlink beamforming in an SDMA mobile radio system (1998)

On the downlink of an SDMA mobile radio system, different users who share the same frequency band and time slot have to be spatially separated by beamforming. In this paper we analyze an approach to jointly calculate weights in such a way that all users receive their signal with a given signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio. The computations are based on spatial covariance matrices which describe the user-specific channels averaged over the fast fading. The presented algorithm succeeds in minimizing the array transmit power while spatially separating the users, no matter which rank their spatial covariance matrices have. But since it needs to solve a complex nonlinear constrained optimization problem, several approximations of this algorithm are presented and compared to each other on the basis of array power, complexity, and convergence.
Essential role of BCL9-2 in the switch between β-catenin's adhesive and transcriptional functions (2004)

beta-Catenin controls both cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and activation of Wnt target genes. We demonstrate here that the beta-catenin-binding protein BCL9-2, a homolog of the human proto-oncogene product BCL9, induces epithelial-mesenchymal transitions of nontransformed cells and increases beta-catenin-dependent transcription. RNA interference of BCL9-2 in carcinoma cells induces an epithelial phenotype and translocates beta-catenin from the nucleus to the cell membrane. The switch between beta-catenin's adhesive and transcriptional functions is modulated by phosphorylation of Tyr 142 of beta-catenin, which favors BCL9-2 binding and precludes interaction with alpha-catenin. During zebrafish embryogenesis, BCL9-2 acts in the Wnt8-signaling pathway and regulates mesoderm patterning.
Role of PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK in Mediating Hypoxia-Induced Expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in Laser-Induced Rat Choroidal Neovascularization (2009)

The PI3K/Akt pathway was required for hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF, whereas the MEK/ERK pathway was required only for VEGF in laser-induced rat CNV.
In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human Erythrocyte Pyruvate Kinase in Erythroid Cells: A Gene Therapy Approach (2007)

Human pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD), an autosomal recessive disorder produced by mutations in the PKLR gene, is the most common cause of chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Transduction of wild-type erythroid (R-type) pyruvate kinase (RPK) cDNA into deficient hematopoietic stem cells could be of potential use as rescue therapy in severe clinical cases. In this study, gammaretroviral vectors expressing human RPK were designed as possible gene therapy candidates for this disease. Through real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and flow cytometric analysis, we demonstrate stable RPK expression in both undifferentiated and differentiated murine erythroleukemia cells. In this in vitro assay, the proportion of transduced cells and the intensity of expression of the transgene remained unaltered after 6 months of culture. Moreover, transplanting human RPK-transduced Lin(-)Sca-1(+) mouse cells in myeloablated primary and secondary recipients rendered high proportions of erythroid precursors and mature erythrocytes expressing RPK, without inducing hematopoietic effects. These findings suggest that retroviral vectors could be useful for the delivery and expression of RPK in erythroid cells, and provide evidence of the potential use of gene therapy strategies to phenotypically correct erythroid PKD.
The search for HLA‐matched donors: a summary of HLA‐A*, ‐B*, ‐DRB1/3/4/5* alleles and their association with serologically defined HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐DR antigens (1997)

This report summarizes data obtained from several large studies including the WHO HLA Nomenclature Committee, the International Cell Exchange, UCLA, the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Rare Cell Exchange and the National Marrow Donor Program and individual laboratories aimed at identifying a serologic type for specific HLA-A,-B,-DRB allelic products. Alleles that are poorly characterized at the serologic level are indicated and an approach is suggested for obtaining the information needed to clarify their serologic typing. The tables provided will be useful in guiding searches for an unrelated donor in which patient and/or potential donors are typed either by serology or by DNA-based methods and will provide a "dictionary" of potential equivalents between HLA "types" obtained by the two methods.
A New Heat And Moisture Exchanger for Laryngectomized Patients: Endotracheal Temperature and Humidity (2011)

Rplus and Lplus had better heating and humidification than Provox Normal. Although Stomvent also performed well, its design is less convenient for laryngectomized patients. Further HME improvement is still warranted and should focus on improving the HME's heating capacity.
Scalable Dynamic Multi-Agent Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Consensus in Permissioned Blockchain (2018)

The permissioned blockchain system has recently become popular in a wide range of scenarios, such as artificial intelligence, financial applications and the Internet of things, due to its dominance in terms of distribution, decentralization, reliability and security. However, the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (PBFT) algorithm, which is currently adopted in such systems, sparks communication bottlenecks when the number of consensus nodes increases sharply, which seriously hinders large-scale applications. In this paper, we propose a scalable dynamic multi-agent hierarchical PBFT algorithm (SDMA-PBFT), which reduces the communication costs from O(n2) to O( n × k × log k n ). Specifically, SDMA-PBFT forms multiple autonomous systems at each agent node in which message multicasting can be efficiently carried out and the internal voting results can be effectively collected. Therefore, the design of these agent nodes facilitates the in-and-out operations of consensus nodes in the blockchain system. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm substantially outperforms the PBFT algorithm in terms of latency. Hence, it can be applied to the permissioned blockchain system effectively and efficiently.
Use of HDEL‐tagged Trichoderma reesei mannosyl oligosaccharide 1,2‐α‐D‐mannosidase for N‐glycan engineering in Pichia pastoris (2001)

Therapeutic glycoprotein production in the widely used expression host Pichia pastoris is hampered by the differences in the protein-linked carbohydrate biosynthesis between this yeast and the target organisms such as man. A significant step towards the generation of human-compatible N-glycans in this organism is the conversion of the yeast-type high-mannose glycans to mammalian-type high-mannose and/or complex glycans. In this perspective, we have co-expressed an endoplasmic reticulum-targeted Trichoderma reesei 1,2-alpha-D-mannosidase with two glycoproteins: influenza virus haemagglutinin and Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase. Analysis of the N-glycans of the two purified proteins showed a >85% decrease in the number of alpha-1,2-linked mannose residues. Moreover, the human-type high-mannose oligosaccharide Man(5)GlcNAc(2) was the major N-glycan of the glyco-engineered trans-sialidase, indicating that N-glycan engineering can be effectively accomplished in P. pastoris.
Dystrophin : gene, protein, and cell biology (1997)

Foreword Martin Bobrow 1. Structure and mutation of the dystrophin gene Andrea Amalfitano, Jill A. Rafael and Jeffrey S. Chamberlain 2. Protein structure S. J. Winder, A. E. Knight and J. Kendrick-Jones 3. Dystrophin, utrophin and their associated proteins J. M. Tinsley, D. J. Blake, and K. E. Davies 4. Localization of dystrophin in skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle Simon C. Watkins, Darl R Swartz and Timothy J. Byers 5. Expression of the dystrophin complex in the brain Dariusz C. Gorecki and Eric A. Barnard 6. The dystrophin family, agrin, and construction of the neuromuscular junction Robert Sealock and Stanley Froehner 7. Functions of dystrophin Susan C. Brown and Jack A. Lucy 8. Pathophysiology of dystrophin deficiency: a clinical and biological enigma J. Rafael M. Gorospe, Bronwen K. Nishikawa and Eric P. Hoffman 9. Muscle regeneration M. J. Cullen 10. Gene therapy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy Gaynor Turner, Matthew G. Dunckley and George Dickson 11. Models of dystrinopathy, pathological mechanisms, and therapies T. A. Partridge Index.
Abstract 3969: Stromal depletion of transforming growth factor receptor 2 promotes the development of forestomach squamous cell carcinoma (2010)

Abstract Deletion or attenuation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway has significant impact on human tumor development and progression. Specific deletion of transforming growth factor receptor 2 gene (Tgfbr2) in a subset of fibroblast (Tgfbr2fspKO, cre-mediated DNA recombination driven by fibroblast specific protein, FSP) specific promoter, leads to the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach in 100% of Tgfbr2fspKO mice by 6 Wks of Age. Here we dissect the underlying mechanisms. We first confirmed that deletion of Tgfbr2 is primarly restricted to the stromal components but not epithelial cells using TBR2 (TGFβR2) immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, which was done in both tumor tissue sections and cancer epithelial cells derived from tgfbr2fspKO mice. The functionality of TGFβ signaling was further examined in vivo by p-smad2 expression and nuclear localization which was clearly observed in the epithelial but not the stromal components. There was also a clear nuclear localization of p-smad2 protein in cultured cancer epithelial cells when treated with TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml). We further observed that stromal deletion of Tgfbr2 resulted in elevated proliferation of fibroblasts. In addition, there was a significantly increased inflammation in forestomach lesion which was featured by increased CD45+ leukocyte infiltration and elevated expression of inflammatory mediators COX2, NFkB, Akt. Interestingly, the alterations in epithelial cell compartment in Tgfbr2fspKO mice is very evident compared with floxed control littermates Tgfbr2fspKO mice, showing a significant enrichment of epithelial cancer stem cells. Our data demonstrate the importance of stromal TGFβ signaling mediated inflammation and carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3969.
In Situ Fluorescence Imaging of Localized Corrosion with a pH-Sensitive Imaging Fiber (1997)

A fiber-optic pH-imaging sensor array capable of both visualizing remote corrosion sites and measuring local chemical concentrations at these sites was applied to realtime corrosion monitoring. The imaging fiber's distal face, containing an immobilized pH-sensitive fluorescent dye, was brought into contact with metal surfaces submerged in aqueous buffers and fluorescence images were acquired as a function of time. Heterogeneous fluorescence signals were observed due to both pH increases at cathodic surface sites and pH decreases at anodic surface sites. These fluorescence signals showed both localization and rates of corrosion activity. Three corrosion processes were investigated, galvanic corrosion at a copper/aluminum interface and crevice corrosion and pitting at a stainless steel surface. The spatial resolution of the technique was limited by proton/hydroxide diffusion and the diameter of the individually clad optical fibers comprising the imaging bundle.
Host plasma proteins on the surface of pathogenic Trichomonas vaginalis (1982)

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and fluorography and fluorography technology revealed that pathogenic Trichomonas vaginalis was able to acquire numerous loosely associated plasma proteins during incubation in normal human plasma. These proteins were readily removed by repeated washing of the parasite in phosphate-buffered saline. Plasma proteins avidly bound to the surface of T. vaginalis were also detected using a highly sensitive and specific agglutination assay with protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus pretreated with monospecific antiserum directed against individual human serum proteins. These avidly associated plasma proteins could not be removed by repeated washing in phosphate-buffered saline or by treatment of washed, live organisms with surface-modifying reagents such as trypsin and periodate. A combined radioimmunoprecipitation-gel electrophoresis-fluorography methodology indicated that parasite biosynthesis of hostlike macromolecules was not responsible for the observed agglutination and reinforced the idea of trichosomal acquisition of plasma components. Finally, incubation of trichomonads with plasma in various buffers at different pH values did not alter the agglutination patterns. These and other data suggest that specific membrane sites trichomonal binding of host proteins. The biological significance of our results is discussed.