gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Assessment of Cervical Length in Pregnancy (2008)

Cervical length in high-risk women for preterm birth has to be identified before early second trimester. Sequential evaluations lead to high predictive significance. The mean cervical length at 24 weeks is about 35 mm when measured by transvaginal ultrasound. A short cervix is defined as a cervix that is less than 25 mm and funneling, i.e. ballooning of the membranes into a dilated internal os, but with a closed external os. Factors such as short cervical length, uterine anomaly, previous cervical surgery, multiple gestation and positive fetal fibronectin results are associated with preterm delivery. Serial transvaginal ultrasound examinations during the early second trimester would provide longitudinal changes in the cervical length. The use of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and cerclage has shown to be beneficial in preventing preterm delivery. When combined with other predictors such as occiput position, parity, maternal age and body mass index, cervical length is a useful parameter for predicting the feasibility of labor induction and successful delivery.
Bright blue electroluminescence from poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (1993)

Electroluminescent devices were fabricated using poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as a hole-transporting emitter layer and a double layer of 1,2,4-triazole derivative (TAZ) and tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) complex (Alq) as an electron transport layer. A cell structure of glass substrate/indium-tin-oxide/PVK/TAZ/Alq/Mg:Ag was employed. In this cell structure, carrier injection from the electrodes to the PVK layer and concomitant electroluminescence from PVK were observed. Blue emission peaking at 410 nm and a luminance of 700 cd/m2 were achieved at a drive voltage of 14 V.
Academic Status as Related to the Development of Identity (1982)

Abstract The development of identity was studied as it changes over the freshman year in college and as it differs among high school students of various educational levels. The Erwin Identity Scale was readministered to 129 entering college freshman during either their first or second semester and administered to a sample of 169 high school students. MANOVA designs were calculated with followup analyses using ANOVA and Scheffé tests. The complexity of identity over the college freshman year was illustrated by gains in Confidence and losses on Conceptions About Body and Appearance. College freshman scored higher than high school seniors, who scored higher than other high school students. Men, overall, exhibited a higher degree of identity than women.
An Investigation of Capacity Fading of Manganese Spinels Stored at Elevated Temperature (1998)

The storage characteristics of a manganese spinel at various discharge depths and 80°C were examined in 1 M ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (1:2 by volume) electrolyte. The quantities of Mn dissolution and discharge‐capacity loss were measured after the cathode at each discharge depth had been exposed to the electrolyte at 80°C. The quantities of dissolved manganese in the solution were less than 1.2% of the total manganese in all cathodes examined. Little capacity fading (3%) was found in the fully charged cathode, but a 59% capacity loss was observed in the fully discharged cathode. Correlations of the capacity loss with the X‐ray diffraction peak widths were found, and the amount of capacity loss increased with broadening peak width. On the other hand, no correlation between the amount of Mn dissolution and the capacity loss was found. From these results, we propose a mechanism of the capacity fading of the spinel stored at elevated temperatures as follows: lattice defects in the spinel due to Mn dissolution cause disordered crystal structures and as a result, the Li insertion‐extraction paths are blocked, leading to capacity fading.
𝐶₁₁ contractions are reflexive (1979)

It is shown that a completely nonunitary <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper C 11"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>11</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{C_{11}}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> contraction defined on a separable Hilbert space with finite defect indices is reflexive.
The Transcription Factors GATA4 and dHAND Physically Interact to Synergistically Activate Cardiac Gene Expression through a p300-dependent Mechanism (2002)

An intricate array of heterogeneous transcription factors participate in programming tissue-specific gene expression through combinatorial interactions that are unique to a given cell-type. The zinc finger-containing transcription factor GATA4, which is widely expressed in mesodermal and endodermal derived tissues, is thought to regulate cardiac myocyte-specific gene expression through combinatorial interactions with other semi-restricted transcription factors such as myocyte enhancer factor 2, nuclear factor of activated T-cells, serum response factor, and Nkx2.5. Here we determined that GATA4 also interacts with the cardiac-expressed basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor dHAND (also known as HAND2). GATA4 and dHAND synergistically activated expression of cardiac-specific promoters from the atrial natriuretic factor gene, the b-type natriuretic peptide gene, and the alpha-myosin heavy chain gene. Using artificial reporter constructs this functional synergy was shown to be GATA site-dependent, but E-box site-independent. A mechanism for the transcriptional synergy was suggested by the observation that the bHLH domain of dHAND physically interacted with the C-terminal zinc finger domain of GATA4 forming a higher order complex. This transcriptional synergy observed between GATA4 and dHAND was associated with p300 recruitment, but not with alterations in DNA binding activity of either factor. Moreover, the bHLH domain of dHAND directly interacted with the CH3 domain of p300 suggesting the existence of a higher order complex between GATA4, dHAND, and p300. Taken together with previous observations, these results suggest the existence of an enhanceosome complex comprised of p300 and multiple semi-restricted transcription factors that together specify tissue-specific gene expression in the heart.
Urine IL-18 Is an Early Diagnostic Marker for Acute Kidney Injury and Predicts Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit (2005)

Serum creatinine is not an ideal marker of renal function in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Previous studies demonstrated that urinary IL-18 is increased in human AKI. Thus, whether urine IL-18 is an early diagnostic marker of AKI was investigated. A nested case-control study was performed within the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Network trial. AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine by at least 50% within the first 6 d of ARDS study enrollment. A total of 400 urine specimens that were collected on study days 0, 1, and 3 of the ARDS trial were available from 52 case patients and 86 control patients. The data were analyzed in a cross-sectional manner and according to the time before development of AKI. The median urine IL-18 levels were significantly different at 24 and 48 h before AKI in case patients as compared with control patients. On multivariable analysis, urine IL-18 values predicted development of AKI 24 and 48 h later after adjustment for demographics, sepsis, Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III score, serum creatinine, and urine output. Urine IL-18 levels of >100 pg/ml are associated with increased odds of AKI of 6.5 (95% confidence interval 2.1 to 20.4) in the next 24 h. On diagnostic performance testing, urine IL-18 demonstrates an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 73% to predict AKI in the next 24 h. The urine IL-18 values were also significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors (P < 0.05), and on multivariable analysis, the urine IL-18 value on day 0 is an independent predictor of mortality. Urinary IL-18 levels can be used for the early diagnosis of AKI. Urine IL-18 levels also predict the mortality of patients who have ARDS and are in the intensive care unit.
Complete Genome Sequence and Lytic Phase Transcription Profile of a Coccolithovirus (2005)

The genus Coccolithovirus is a recently discovered group of viruses that infect the globally important marine calcifying microalga Emiliania huxleyi. Among the 472 predicted genes of the 407,339-base pair genome are a variety of unexpected genes, most notably those involved in biosynthesis of ceramide, a sphingolipid known to induce apoptosis. Uniquely for algal viruses, it also contains six RNA polymerase subunits and a novel promoter, suggesting this virus encodes its own transcription machinery. Microarray transcriptomic analysis reveals that 65% of the predicted virus-encoded genes are expressed during lytic infection of E. huxleyi.
Additives and Enzyme Stability (1988)

AbstractThe polypeptide chain of an enzyme is folded so that the necessary functional groups are brought together in the active site. Conformational changes may disrupt this arrangement and cause loss of enzymic activity. The effect of soluble additives on the unfolding process is discussed. Additives may be classified as substrates and similar ligands, small uncharged organic molecules, specific and non-specific ionic species, and polymers.Key Words: Enzyme stabilityconformational changesinactivationstabilisationadditives
Reactions of steroid A-ring lactones with Grignard reagents (1971)

The addition of solutions of Grignard reagents to 4-oxacholesta-5,7-dien-3-one (4) yields the bridged ketones 3-alkyl-3-hydroxy-3(5 → 6βH)abeo-A-norcholest-7-en-5-ones (12) as well as ‘over-reacted’ products which are formed from the latter by reduction (as against Grignard addition) at the 5-carbonyl group. 4-Oxacholest-5-en-3-one (1) behaves similarly when treated with isopropylmagnesium bromide. Both 3-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-3(5 → 6βH)abeo-A-norcholestan-5-one and the isomeric diketone, 3-isopropyl-3,5-seco-A-norcholestan-3,5-dione (16) on contact with toluene-p-sulphonic acid in benzene give, in part, 4,4-dimethylcholest-5-en-3-one which is further converted into a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons rich in 1,3,4-trimethyl-19-norcholest-1,3,5(10)-triene (25).
Osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC‐STAMP), a novel protein induced by RANKL that promotes osteoclast differentiation (2007)

Microarray and real-time RT-PCR were used to examine expression changes in primary bone marrow cells and RAW 264.7 cells in response to RANKL. In silico sequence analysis was performed on a novel gene which we designate OC-STAMP. Specific siRNA and antibodies were used to inhibit OC-STAMP RNA and protein, respectively, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)+ multinucleated osteoclasts were counted. Antibodies were used to probe bone tissues and western blots of RAW cell extracts +/- RANKL. cDNA overexpression constructs were transfected into RAW cells and the effect on RANKL-induced differentiation was studied. OC-STAMP was very strongly up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation. Northern blots and sequence analysis revealed two transcripts of 2 and 3.7 kb differing only in 3'UTR length, consistent with predictions from genome sequence. The mRNA encodes a 498 amino acid, multipass transmembrane protein that is highly conserved in mammals. It has little overall homology to other proteins. The carboxy-terminal 193 amino acids, however, are significantly similar to the DC-STAMP family consensus sequence. DC-STAMP is a transmembrane protein required for osteoclast precursor fusion. Knockdown of OC-STAMP mRNA by siRNA and protein inhibition by antibodies significantly suppressed the formation of TRAP+, multinucleated cells in differentiating osteoclast cultures, with many TRAP+ mononuclear cells present. Conversely, overexpression of OC-STAMP increased osteoclastic differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells. We conclude that OC-STAMP is a previously unknown, RANKL-induced, multipass transmembrane protein that promotes the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts.
elk-1 proteins interact with MAP kinases. (1994)

Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAP) or extracellular signal regulated protein kinases (ERK) are a family of protein serine/threonine kinases that are activated very rapidly in response to many extracellular stimuli. elk-1, an ets related gene codes for two transcriptional factors elk-1, which regulates c-fos transcription and delta elk-1, both of which are substrates for MAP kinases. A part of the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain (ETA-2) which is common to both the proteins was previously shown to function as an activator of MAP kinases. In this report, in an attempt to investigate the mechanism of activation of MAP kinases, purified preparations of recombinant elk-1 and P44mpk/ERK-1/ERK-2 proteins were used to show the association of elk-1 proteins with MAP kinases. The specific interactions of elk-1 proteins with MAP kinases were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation studies. Thus elk-1 proteins appear to regulate the activity of MAP kinases by interacting with them ensuring a conformational change and stimulating their autophosphorylation and activation property. The activation was dependent on the presence of ATP and Mg2+. In vitro phosphorylation of elk-1 protein was not regulatory for autonomous DNA binding activity of elk-1 protein. Cells which were exposed to EGF showed a rapid stimulation of an elk-1 specific kinase activity, probably MAP kinase which phosphorylated MBP and was found to be associated with immobilized GST-elk-1. Furthermore, dephosphorylation studies indicate that elk-1 proteins can activate only tyrosine phosphorylated MAP kinase. These results demonstrate the presence of an alternative pathway/mechanism (other than MAP kinase kinase, MAPKK/Mek) for the activation of MAP kinases with tyrosine phosphorylation occurring before serine/threonine autophosphorylation and activation by elk-1 proteins.
Substituent Effects. 22. The Solvolysis of α-t-Butylbenzyl Tosylates (1990)

Abstract The rates of solvolysis of α-t-butylbenzyl tosylates were determined in 80% aqueous acetone (80A) and 80% aqueous ethanol (80E) for an extended series of substituents. The substituent effect can be linearly correlated in terms of the Yukawa–Tsuno LArSR relationship, with a ρ value of −5.542 and an r value of 1.093 in 80A, and −5.650 and 1.106 in 80E, respectively. The large negative ρ and exalted r values suggest the operation of the kc mechanism in this solvolysis without nucleophilic solvent assistance and methyl participation. From a comparison of the substituent effects, the exalted r value of 1.15 observed in the solvolysis of α-methylbenzyl chlorides can be attributed to the enhanced resonance demand characteristic of secondary benzylic system rather than to a correlational artifact arising from nonlinearity due to SN1–SN2 mechanistic change. The solvolysis of this system can be utilized as an appropriate reference system for the accurate estimation of σ+ constants in various solvents.
Double-blind evaluation of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson's disease (1998)

STN DBS is a promising new surgical option for the treatment of advanced PD. The marked clinical benefits obtained in these severely disabled patients outweighed the adverse effects.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Systemically Administered Antimycotics (2007)

Systemic fungal infections are a major threaten for immunocompromised patients. Beside the antimycotic spectrum, the pharmacokinetic properties of an antifungal drug are crucial for its clinical efficacy. Since patients with systemic mycoses frequently present with a significant co-morbidity, pharmacokinetics under special conditions such as renal insufficiency, renal replacement therapy or impaired liver function have to be considered. Amphotericin B is eliminated unchanged by the liver and the kidney. Its plasma protein binding accounts for 95 to 99 percent. Conventional amphotericin B deoxycholate has a remarkable infusion related and renal toxicity. Therefore, lipid formulations have been developed. By now, three lipid formulations are therapeutically used: liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B colloidal dispersion and amphotericin B lipid complex. Striking differences in their plasma pharmacokinetics have been found. These differences can be attributed to the diverse disposition of the lipid moieties, while liberated amphotericin B displays a pharmacokinetic behavior which is independent from the lipid-formulation applied. The highest amphotericin B tissue concentrations have been found in the liver and in the spleen, followed by lung, kidney and heart. Concentrations in brain tissue are very low. Flucytosine has no relevant protein binding and is eliminated by glomerular filtration. Fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole and ravuconazole are triazoles, used for treatment of systemic fungal infections. Significant drug interactions have to be considered during therapy with triazoles, particularly in patients dependent on immunosuppression. These interactions are caused by the metabolism of triazoles in the liver where the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system is involved at a different extend as well as by their mechanisms of action. Triazoles display a favorable tissue distribution with high penetration into the central nervous system. Echinocandins such as caspofungin and micafungin are rapidly taken up by peripheral tissues, particularly by the liver. In the first 24 hours this uptake appears to be the main route of elimination from plasma. Enzymatic degradation takes place, but is independent of CYP. Thus, drug interactions are a minor problem during echinocandin treatment. The highest tissue levels of caspofungin and micafungin have been measured in the liver. Moderate concentrations are achieved in lung, spleen and kidney. Penetration into the brain is relatively poor.
Stabilization of Individual Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solutions (2001)

Single-wall carbon nanotubes pack into crystalline ropes that aggregate into tangled networks due to strong van der Waals attraction. Aggregation acts as an obstacle to most applications, and diminishes the special properties of the individual tubes. We describe a simple procedure for dispersing as-produced nanotubes powder in aqueous solutions of Gum Arabic. In a single step, a stable dispersion of full-length, well separated, individual tubes is formed, apparently due to physical adsorption of the polymer.
The Phenomenon of Semantic Investigation in the Holy Quran (2019)

This research aims at surveying the (survey semantic phenomenon in the holy Qur'an) to study the survey and a statement concept when ancient and modern, and pictures of the survey and its diversity in ways that constatine and perfarmative, have been mentioned in the Koran style news and types of primary, and Alancara, nominal and phrases installed and exiled, along with Study phrasal kinds Pastitens, and the present tense, and the act incomplete, and the building of the effect, as speehad trequest about which methods, the question, are forbidding, the appeal, and speechau is Tlbe requat about section method, and please, and slander, and praise
Frequency-independent and frequency-dependent polymer transitions observed on flexural plate wave ultrasonic sensors (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFrequency-independent and frequency-dependent polymer transitions observed on flexural plate wave ultrasonic sensorsJay W. Grate, Stuart W. Wenzel, and Richard M. WhiteCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 4, 413–423Publication Date (Print):February 15, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00028a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00028a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views307Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhalation Treatment with Glutathione in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis. A Randomized Clinical Trial (2013)

Abstract Rationale Glutathione is the major antioxidant in the extracellular lining fluid of the lungs and depleted in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Objectives We aimed to assess glutathione delivered by inhalation as a potential treatment for CF lung disease. Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated inhaled glutathione in subjects with CF 8 years of age and older and FEV1 of 40–90% of predicted. Subjects were randomized to receive 646 mg glutathione in 4 ml (n = 73) or placebo (n = 80) via an investigational eFlow nebulizer every 12 hours for 6 months. Measurements and Main Results FEV1 (absolute values), both as pre–post differences (P = 0.180) and as area under the curves (P = 0.205), were the primary efficacy endpoints, and were not different between the glutathione group and the placebo group over the 6-month treatment period. Exploratory analysis showed an increase of FEV1 from baseline over placebo of 100 ml or 2.2% predicted; this was significant at 3 months, but not later. Subjects receiving glutathione had neither fewer pulmonary exacerbations, nor better scores for quality of life. Whereas increased glutathione and metabolites in sputum demonstrated significant delivery to the lungs, there was no indication of diminished oxidative stress to proteins or lipids, and no evidence for anti-inflammatory or antiproteolytic actions of glutathione supplemented to the airways. The adverse event incidence was similar between glutathione and placebo. Conclusions Inhaled glutathione in the dose administered did not demonstrate clinically relevant improvements in lung function, pulmonary exacerbation frequency, or patient-reported outcomes. Glutathione delivery to the airways was not associated with changes in markers of oxidation, proteolysis, or inflammation. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00506688) and https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/index.html (EudraCT 2005-003870-88).