gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anomalous co-diffusion effects of germanium on group III and V dopants in silicon (1988)

Anomalous diffusion effects are observed when germanium is co-diffused with phosphorus, boron, or arsenic in inert or oxidizing ambients. The germanium, an uncharged column IV dopant with a covalent radius close to that of silicon, appears to alter the point defect population in the silicon lattice. During oxidation, the usual oxidation enhanced diffusion is not observed when Ge is present in the lattice. The anomalous tail diffusion of high-concentration phosphorus is also reduced when Ge is present.
Site-specific Oxidative DNA Damage at Polyguanosines Produced by Copper Plus Hydrogen Peroxide (1989)

Oxidative DNA damage has been implicated in diverse biological processes including mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, aging, radiation effects, and chemotherapy. We examined the in vitro effect of low concentrations of Cu(II) or H2O2 alone and in combination on supercoiled plasmid DNA. As much as 10(-2) M Cu(II) or 10(-2) M H2O2 alone did not break the DNA. However, a mixture of 10(-6) M Cu(II) plus 10(-5) M H2O2 produced strand breaks and inactivated transforming ability. Strand breakage was proportional to incubation time, temperature, and Cu(II) and H2O2 concentrations. Abasic sites were not detected. Strand breakage was inhibited by metal chelators, catalase, and by high levels of free radical scavengers implying that Cu(II), Cu(I), H2O2, and .OH were involved in the reaction. The extent of DNA strand breakage was not affected by superoxide dismutase indicating that superoxide was not a major contributor to the DNA damage. DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that hot piperidine-sensitive DNA lesions were produced preferentially at sites of 2 or more adjacent guanosine residues. This sequence specificity was observed with Cu(II) plus H2O2 but not with Cu(I) alone. Polyguanosine sequence specificity for DNA damage induction appears to be unique among simple chemical systems. This reaction may be important in mechanisms of oxidative damage in vivo.
Heuristic Optimization of Antibody Production by Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (2005)

Large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies necessitates the development of a commercially viable process using the appropriate bioreactors, culture medium, and optimal feeding strategies. In the development of feeding strategies for higher antibody titers it is critical to assess the effects of limiting substrates on cell culture longevity and antibody production. In this study, glucose and L-glutamine were identified as limiting substrates and their effects on culture longevity and antibody production were evaluated in small-scale experiments. The results suggested that an optimal feeding strategy should account for the osmolality profile of the culture. The heuristic approach taken to optimize the antibody production showed that the fed-batch cultivation is superior to batch culture and maintaining low osmolality during growth phase increases cumulative viable cell density and thus leads to higher final antibody titer.
Antioxidative Activity of Green Tea Treated with Radical Initiator 2,2‘-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) Dihydrochloride (2000)

This study investigated the antioxidative activity of green tea extract, and a green tea tannin mixture and its components, under conditions of radical generation using the hydrophilic azo compound, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) to generate peroxyl radicals at a constant and measurable rate in the cultured renal epithelial cell line, LLC-PK(1), which is susceptible to oxidative damage. Treatment with AAPH decreased cell viability and increased the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. However, green tea extract, and the tannin mixture and its components, comprising (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCg), (-)-gallocatechin 3-O-gallate (GCg), (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate (ECg), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (+)-gallocatechin (GC), (-)-epicatechin (EC), and (+)-catechin (C), showed protective activity against AAPH-induced cellular damage. The tannin mixture and its components exhibited higher antioxidative activity than the green tea extract. Furthermore, EGCg and GCg had higher activity than EGC and GC, respectively. In particular, EGCg exerted the most significant cellular protective activity against AAPH. These results indicate that green tea tannin may inhibit cellular loss and lipid peroxidation resulting from the peroxyl radical generated by AAPH, and that the chemical structure of tannin is also involved in the activity, suggesting that the O-dihydroxy structure in the B ring and the galloyl groups are important determinants for radical scavenging and antioxidative potential.
A universal damage induced technique for quantum well intermixing (1998)

We report a novel technique for quantum well intermixing which is simple, reliable and low cost, and appears universally applicable to a wide range of material systems. The technique involves the deposition of a thin layer of sputtered SiO2 and a subsequent high temperature anneal. The deposition process appears to generate point defects at the sample surface, leading to an enhanced intermixing rate and a commensurate reduction in the required anneal temperature. Using appropriate masking it is possible to completely suppress the intermixing process, enabling large differential band gap shifts (over 100 meV) to be obtained across a single wafer.
PREVENTING NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS (1998)

In Brief Objective To inform the obstetrician-gynecologist of recent scientific evidence regarding the use of supplemental folic acid for prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs). Data Sources We selected English language articles via MEDLINE published from January 1990 through February 1997, using the search terms. “folic acid” and “neural tube defect.” Additional sources were identified through crossreferencing and through searching selected journals published from March through October 1997. Methods of Study Selection Articles were selected on the basis of their relevance to the relationship between folate intake and NTD incidence, mechanisms of folate responsive NTD formation, and folate provision strategy. We referenced 55 papers in total. Tabulation, Integration, and Results The majority of evidence demonstrates a decreased incidence of NTDs with increased folic acid consumption. The most convincing trials were performed in Europe among women who were planning pregnancy by using multivitamin or folic acid supplements. Some studies suggest that the protective effect of folate is explained, in many cases, not through correction of dietary deficiencies, but through correction of metabolic defects. Other evidence implies that it reduces NTDs by causing abortion of affected conceptuses. Supplemental folic acid tablets are the most proven means of improving an individual's folate status, but ensuring compliance with a strategy using vitamin tablets is problematic. Conclusion Women of reproductive age should be advised to take multivitamin supplements containing 0.4 mg folic acid daily. Women with previously affected offspring who intend to become pregnant should take daily supplementation containing 4 mg of folic acid in the periconceptional period to reduce the risk of recurrence. Objective evidence supports the use of folic acid in the periconceptional period for the purpose of reducing the risk of neural tube defects.
Tolerogenic Function of Dimeric Forms of HLA-G Recombinant Proteins: A Comparative Study In Vivo (2011)

HLA-G is a natural tolerogenic molecule involved in the best example of tolerance to foreign tissues there is: the maternal-fetal tolerance. The further involvement of HLA-G in the tolerance of allogeneic transplants has also been demonstrated and some of its mechanisms of action have been elucidated. For these reasons, therapeutic HLA-G molecules for tolerance induction in transplantation are actively investigated. In the present study, we studied the tolerogenic functions of three different HLA-G recombinant proteins: HLA-G heavy chain fused to β2-microglobulin (B2M), HLA-G heavy chain fused to B2M and to the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin, and HLA-G alpha-1 domain either fused to the Fc part of an immunoglobulin or as a synthetic peptide. Our results demonstrate the tolerogenic function of B2M-HLA-G fusion proteins, and especially of B2M-HLA-G5, which were capable of significantly delaying allogeneic skin graft rejection in a murine in vivo transplantation model. The results from our studies suggest that HLA-G recombinant proteins are relevant candidates for tolerance induction in human transplantation.
Molecular Understanding of Hyperglycemia's Adverse Effects for Diabetic Complications (2002)

Diabetic complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with diabetes. Chronic hyperglycemia is a major initiator of diabetic microvascular complications (eg, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy). Glucose processing uses a variety of diverse metabolic pathways; hence, chronic hyperglycemia can induce multiple cellular changes leading to complications. Several predominant well-researched theories have been proposed to explain how hyperglycemia can produce the neural and vascular derangements that are hallmarks of diabetes. These theories can be separated into those that emphasize the toxic effects of hyperglycemia and its pathophysiological derivatives (such as oxidants, hyperosmolarity, or glycation products) on tissues directly and those that ascribe pathophysiological importance to a sustained alteration in cell signaling pathways (such as changes in phospholipids or kinases) induced by the products of glucose metabolism. This article summarizes these theories and the potential therapeutic interventions that may prevent diabetic complications in the presence of hyperglycemia, control of which is often difficult with current therapeutic options.
IL-12 selectively programs effector pathways that are stably expressed in human CD8+ effector memory T cells in vivo (2011)

CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a major role in defense against intracellular pathogens, and their functions are specified by antigen recognition and innate cytokines. IL-12 and IFN-α/β are potent "signal 3" cytokines that are involved in both effector and memory cell development. Although the majority of effector cells are eliminated as inflammation resolves, some survive within the pool of memory cells and retain immediate effector function. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-12 instructs a unique program of effector cell differentiation that is distinct from IFN-α/β. Moreover, effector memory (T(EM)) cells within peripheral blood display many common attributes of cells differentiated in vitro in response to IL-12, including proinflammatory cytokine secretion and lytic activity. A pattern of IL-12-induced genes was identified that demarcate T(EM) from central memory cells, and the ontologies of these genes correlated precisely with their effector functions. Further, we uncovered a unique program of gene expression that was acutely regulated by IL-12 and reflected in stable gene expression patterns within T(EM), but not T central memory cells in vivo. Thus, this study directly links a selective set of IL-12-induced genes to the programming of effector functions within the stable population of human CD8(+) T(EM) cells in vivo.
Six of Eight Hemoglobin A1c Point-of-Care Instruments Do Not Meet the General Accepted Analytical Performance Criteria (2009)

Only the Afinion and the DCA Vantage met the acceptance criteria of having a total CV <3% in the clinically relevant range. The EP-9 results and the calculations of the NGSP certification showed significant differences in analytical performance between different reagent lot numbers for all Hb A(1c) POC instruments.
How to get unlimited observing time on a 4 metre telescope (1993)

As the astronomical community moves ever more towards fewer and larger telescopes it is not just desirable but essential to make the maximum possible use of these new facilities. The Hitchhiker parallel CCD camera has been specially designed to increase the scientific output of a large telescope by imaging the off-axis field of view. The large data set collected by this instrument consists of deep CCD multicolor data of the distant Universe and is extremely well suited to the study of faint galaxies and their evolution, as well as other areas. The instrument's design and some of its projects are briefly discussed below and demonstrates the scientific value such instruments could have if incorporated on all new telescopes.
Preventing Stem Cell Incorporation into Choroidal Neovascularization by Targeting Homing and Attachment Factors (2004)

These results indicate that homing and adhesion of progenitor cells to CNV may be targeted differentially or in combination to prevent CNV.
Stereocontrolled Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Oligonucleoside H‐Phosphonates by an Oxazaphospholidine Approach (2008)

Stereodefined oligonucleoside H-phosphonates were synthesized on a solid support using diastereopure nucleoside 3′-O-oxazaphospholidine monomers. Several stereodefined backbone-modified analogues were obtained with the oligonucleoside H-phosphonates as precursors (see scheme; BPRO=protected nucleobase, DMTr=4,4′-dimethoxytrityl, Th=thymin-1-yl, TfO−=triflate).
Noninvasive Discrimination of Rejection in Cardiac Allograft Recipients Using Gene Expression Profiling (2005)

Rejection diagnosis by endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is invasive, expensive and variable. We investigated gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to discriminate ISHLT grade 0 rejection (quiescence) from moderate/severe rejection (ISHLT > or = 3A). Patients were followed prospectively with blood sampling at post-transplant visits. Biopsies were graded by ISHLT criteria locally and by three independent pathologists blinded to clinical data. Known alloimmune pathways and leukocyte microarrays identified 252 candidate genes for which real-time PCR assays were developed. An 11 gene real-time PCR test was derived from a training set (n = 145 samples, 107 patients) using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), converted into a score (0-40), and validated prospectively in an independent set (n = 63 samples, 63 patients). The test distinguished biopsy-defined moderate/severe rejection from quiescence (p = 0.0018) in the validation set, and had agreement of 84% (95% CI 66% C94%) with grade ISHLT > or = 3A rejection. Patients >1 year post-transplant with scores below 30 (approximately 68% of the study population) are very unlikely to have grade > or = 3A rejection (NPV = 99.6%). Gene expression testing can detect absence of moderate/severe rejection, thus avoiding biopsy in certain clinical settings. Additional clinical experience is needed to establish the role of molecular testing for clinical event prediction and immunosuppression management.
[Expression of human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(hGM-CSF) by recombinant vaccinia virus and its effect on immunogenicity]. (1998)

hGM-CSF was inserted into the down stream of P11K promoter of pJSB1175, which consists of HSV-1gD under the promoter P7.5K. The constructed plasmid pJSB1175D/GM-CSF was cotransfected with vaccinia virus Tiantan Strain into TK-143. After selection and screening, recombinant virus RVJSB11D/GM-CSF was harvested. It was proved that the recombinant virus could express GM-CSF and HSV-1gD at the same time by MTT assay and IFA in vitro. In vivo study showed that the expression of GM-CSF by RVJSB1175D/GM-CSF did not interfere with the HSV-1gD antibody production.
<title>Block-matching subpixel motion estimation from noisy undersampled frames: an empirical performance evaluation</title> (1998)

The performance of block-matching sub-pixel motion estimation algorithms under the adverse conditions of image undersampling and additive noise is studied empirically. This study is motivated by the requirement for reliable sub-pixel accuracy motion estimates for motion compensated observation models used in multi-frame super-resolution image reconstruction. Idealized test functions which include translational scene motion are defined. These functions are sub-sampled and corrupted with additive noise and used as source data for various block-matching sub-pixel motion estimation techniques. Motion estimates computed from this data are compared with the a-priori known motion which enables an assessment of the performance of the motion estimators considered.
Unsupervised Segmentation of Defocused Video Based on Matting Model (2006)

In this paper, an unsupervised segmentation algorithm based on matting model is proposed to extract the focused objects in the low depth of field (DOF) video images. The proposed algorithm is fully automatic and can be used to partition the video image into focused objects and defocused background. This method consists of three stages. The first stage is to generate the saliency map from the input image. In the second stage, bilateral and morphological filtering are employed to smooth and lift the saliency regions. Then a trimap with three regions is calculated by an adaptive thresholding method. The third stage involves the Poisson matting scheme to extract the boundaries of the focused objects accurately. Experimental evaluation on test sequences shows that the proposed method is capable of segmenting the focused region quite effectively and accurately.
IncreasedHER2Gene Copy Number Is Associated With Response to Gefitinib Therapy in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2005)

Increased copy number of the HER2 gene is associated with gefitinib sensitivity in EGFR-positive patients, supporting use of HER2 FISH analysis for selection of patients for TKI therapy.
The activity of lipopeptide TLR2 agonists critically depends on the presence of solubilizers (2007)

Lipoproteins activate cells of the innate immune system via heteromers of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 with either TLR1 or TLR6. In spite of progress in understanding TLR-dependent signal transduction and the pathophysiological relevance of TLR2, the molecular basis of ligand recognition by this receptor is poorly defined. Here, we show that the bioactivity of lipopeptides (LP) critically depends on the dilution protocol and especially the presence of proteins or detergents acting as solubilizers. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of fluorescently labeled analogs of synthetic LP revealed that the LP form aggregates in solution. Dilution into protein- and serum-free buffers led to a complete loss of activity due to formation of large and highly heterogeneous aggregates. When dimethylsulfoxide stock solutions were diluted into BSA or serum-containing buffers particles of strongly reduced size were obtained. For some LP, an intermediary dilution step either with tert.-butyl alcohol/H2O (4:1) or with octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside further increased activity. For a panel of LP exhibiting very different activities when diluted directly into protein-containing solutions, introduction of this dilution step resulted in comparable bioactivities. These results demonstrate the significance of solubilizing agents for the bioactivity of LP and are highly relevant for analyzing structure-activity relationships of LP-dependent TLR2 activation.
Adaptive femtosecond pulse compression (1997)

A practical adaptive method for femtosecond optical pulse compression is demonstrated experimentally for the first time to our knowledge. The method is robust and capable of handling the general case of pulse compression, in which the input pulses are completely uncharacterized or partially characterized.
Electrodeposition of Ordered Bi2Te3 Nanowire Arrays (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTElectrodeposition of Ordered Bi2Te3 Nanowire ArraysAmy L. Prieto, Melissa S. Sander, Marisol S. Martín-González, Ronald Gronsky, Timothy Sands, and Angelica M. StacyView Author Information Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California 94720 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 29, 7160–7161Publication Date (Web):June 28, 2001Publication History Received10 April 2001Revised4 June 2001Published online28 June 2001Published inissue 1 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja015989jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja015989jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3779Altmetric-Citations274LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrodes,Genetics,Nanowires,Oxides,Wires Get e-Alerts
Low crosstalk packaging design for Josephson logic circuits (1985)

Theoretical and experimental studies are accomplished for inductive crosstalk noise reductions at Josephson chip-to-card connectors. This noise is induced by large AC power and high switching speed signal currents. The crosstalk mechanism was analyzed using a Partial Element Equivalent Circuits Model. Ground inductance causes not only crosstalk noise between connectors but also ground fluctuation noise inside the chip. This ground noise is large enough to cause false logic operations. Test chips and cards with improved connectors were produced for an experimental evaluation. Power crosstalk noise was measured using Josephson sampling circuits fabricated on the chip. The crosstalk noise - signal level ratio was less than 2.5%, when 250 MHz, 50 mA power currents were supplied. Crosstalk noise between neighboring signal connectors was also reduced to negligible level, including the worst case. These results favorably agree with calculations. This low crosstalk packaging design can be applied to high speed Josephson logic systems.
DERIVATIVES OF 2-PYRIDONE (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDERIVATIVES OF 2-PYRIDONEWILHELM WENNER and JOHN T. PLATICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1946, 11, 6, 751–759Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01176a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01176a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts