gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactive liquid crystal materials for optically anisotropic patterned retarders (2008)

Merck has developed a range of reactive liquid crystal materials (Reactive Mesogens) that are designed to form thin, birefringent, coatable films for optical applications. Reactive Mesogen (RM) films are typically coated from solution and polymerized in-situ to form thin, optics-grade coatings. Merck RM materials are customized formulations including reactive liquid crystals, surfactants, photoinitiators and other proprietary additives. Merck have optimized the materials to achieve the optimum physical performance in each application. In this paper we focus on the optimization of RM materials to achieve the finest patterning resolution and defined feature shape whilst maintaining good physical properties of the films. Several conventional trade-offs are investigated and circumvented using novel material concepts. Different methods of patterning RM materials are discussed and the merits of each considered. Thermal annealing of non-polymerized regions can create isotropic islands within the polymerized anisotropic matrix. Alternatively, the non polymerized material can be re-dissolved in the coating solvent and rinsed away. Each of these techniques has benefits depending on the processing conditions and these are discussed in depth.
Reduced Expression of Bcl-2 in CD8+ T Cells Deficient in the IL-15 Receptor α-Chain (2002)

Mice that lack IL-15 or the IL-15R alpha-chain (IL-15Ralpha) are deficient in peripheral CD8(+), but not in CD4(+), T cells. This CD8(+) T cell-specific deficiency has now been investigated further by characterization of a new strain of IL-15Ralpha(-/-) mice. The adult mutant mice exhibited a specific reduction in the percentage of CD8-single positive TCR(high) thymocytes. The expression of Bcl-2 was reduced in both CD8(+) thymocytes and naive T cells of the mutant animals, and the susceptibility of these cells to death was increased. Memory CD8(+) cells were profoundly deficient in IL-15Ralpha(-/-)mice, and the residual memory-like CD8(+) cells contained a high percentage of dead cells and failed to up-regulate Bcl-2 expression compared with naive CD8(+) cells. Moreover, exogenous IL-15 both up-regulated the level of Bcl-2 in and reduced the death rate of wild-type and mutant CD8(+) T cells activated in vitro. These results indicate that IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha regulate the expression of Bcl-2 in CD8(+) T cells at all developmental stages. The reduced Bcl-2 content in CD8(+) cells might result in survival defect and contribute to the reduction of CD8(+) cells in IL-15Ralpha(-/-)mice.
TAILORED LAMINECTOMY: A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR NEUROMODULATOR IMPLANTATION (1999)

Tailored laminectomy is a fast, minimally invasive and reliable technique for neuromodulator implantation.
Changes in craniofacial size and shape with two modes of orthodontic treatment. (1988)

Traditional cephalometric assessments not only provide cursory descriptions of craniofacial form but cannot withstand critical scientific appraisal. A more rigorous technique termed finite element analysis was used in this study. The study was based on lateral cephalographs from age-sex matched patient samples taken before and after the completion of orthodontic treatment. The results showed varying patterns of craniofacial change resulting from orthodontic treatment, compared with a control sample without treatment. These contrasts were shown to vary depending on the datum (nodal) point arrays used to define the component finite elements. The study therefore emphasized that the craniofacial changes resulting from orthodontic treatment are far more complex than envisaged from traditional cephalometric appraisals. These data also indicated the urgent need to investigate further the datum points used to define cephalometric form.
Human plasma fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion to polystyrene (1999)

The purpose of this study was to further investigate the role of fibrinogen adsorbed from plasma in mediating platelet adhesion to polymeric biomaterials. Polystyrene was used as a model hydrophobic polymer; i.e., we expected that the role of fibrinogen in platelet adhesion to polystyrene would be representative of other hydrophobic polymers. Platelet adhesion was compared to both the amount and conformation of adsorbed fibrinogen. The strategy was to compare platelet adhesion to surfaces preadsorbed with normal, afibrinogenemic, and fibrinogen-replenished afibrinogenemic plasmas. Platelet adhesion was determined by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) method, which was found to be closely correlated with adhesion of 111In-labeled platelets. Fibrinogen adsorption from afibrinogenemic plasma to polystyrene (Immulon I(R)) was low and <10 ng/cm2. Platelet adhesion was absent on surfaces preadsorbed with afibrinogenemic plasma when the residual fibrinogen was low enough (<60 microg/mL). Platelet adhesion was restored on polystyrene preadsorbed with fibrinogen-replenished afibrinogenemic plasma. Addition of even small, subnormal concentrations of fibrinogen to afibrinogenemic plasma greatly increased platelet adhesion. In addition, surface-bound fibrinogen's ability to mediate platelet adhesion was different, depending on the plasma concentration from which fibrinogen was adsorbed. These differences correlated with changes in the binding of a monoclonal antibody that binds to the Aalpha chain RGDS (572-575), suggesting alteration in the conformation or orientation of the adsorbed fibrinogen. Platelet adhesion to polystyrene preadsorbed with blood plasma thus appears to be a strongly bivariate function of adsorbed fibrinogen, responsive to both low amounts and altered states of the adsorbed molecule.
CD38 Gene Disruption Inhibits the Contraction Induced by .ALPHA.-Adrenoceptor Stimulation in Mouse Aorta (2003)

CD38 is an ectoenzyme with ADP-ribosyl cyclase and hydrolase activities, which synthesizes cyclic ADP-ribose from NAD and hydrolyzes cyclic ADP-ribose to ADP-ribose. It has been shown that cyclic ADP-ribose is a potent Ca(2+) mobilizing messenger in many cells. To know the physiological role of cyclic ADP-ribose in vascular smooth muscle, we examined the effects of various agonists in the aorta isolated from CD38 knockout (CD38(-/-)) mouse. Western blot analysis showed that CD38 protein was detected in the aorta isolated from wild-type (CD38(+/+)) mouse, but not from CD38(-/-) mouse. In the aortae isolated from both CD38(+/+) and CD38(-/-) mice, KCl, phenylephrine and norepinephrine induced concentration-dependent contraction. KCl produced similar concentration-dependent responses in the aortae from both CD38(+/+) and CD38(-/-) mice. Maximum force of contraction induced by KCl (65 mM) was same in the size. Phenylephrine- and norepinephrine-induced contractions were, however, significantly smaller in the aortae from CD38(-/-) mice than in those from CD38(+/+) mice. 5-Hydroxytryptamine, endothelin-1, caffeine and thapsigargin-induced contractions were not significantly different in these two aortae. These results suggest that CD38 gene disruption inhibits alpha-adrenoceptor-induced vascular contractions and cyclic ADP-ribose-mediated signal transduction system is committed in these responses.
Isolation of orally attenuated Salmonella typhimurium following TnphoA mutagenesis (1989)

One hundred fifty Tn5 IS50L::phoA (TnphoA) mutants of a mouse-virulent, nalidixic acid-resistant (Nalr), prototrophic Salmonella typhimurium strain, C5 Nalr, were isolated. None of the mutants were auxotrophs. Groups of 8 to 10 BALB/c mice were infected orally with each of 95 mutants with a dose equivalent to 20-fold the 50% lethal dose of the wild-type C5 Nalr strain, and deaths were counted over the next 28 days. Fifteen of the mutants failed to kill any mice, whereas all mice died following challenge with the other mutants. Nine of the 15 attenuated mutants exhibited a defect in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. The remaining six mutants were smooth. The TnphoA transposon of each of the smooth attenuated mutants was moved, using P22-mediated transduction, into a fresh C5 background, and all retransductants were still attenuated. Analysis of the membrane proteins of the attenuated mutants failed to reveal any alterations in detectable major outer membrane proteins, although colonies of two of the mutants exhibited a mucoid phenotype following growth on L-agar plates. Individual attenuated mutants differed in their abilities to translocate to livers and spleens of mice following oral infection. All of the smooth TnphoA mutants exhibited increased 50% lethal doses with respect to the wild type following intravenous infection of BALB/c mice. Southern analysis of DNA prepared from each of the mutants suggested that TnphoA had inserted into a number of different sites in the S. typhimurium genome. None of the TnphoA mutants had inserts in the virulence-associated plasmid.
Synthesis of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 1-MethylcyclopropeneFarley Fisher and Douglas E. ApplequistCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 6, 2089–2090Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01017a531https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01017a531research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views708Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
p38 is essential for the assembly and stability of macromolecular tRNA synthetase complex: Implications for its physiological significance (2002)

Mammalian tRNA synthetases form a macromolecular complex with three nonenzyme factors: p43, p38, and p18. Here we introduced a mutation within the mouse p38 gene to understand its functional significance for the formation of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. The complex was completely disintegrated by the deficiency of p38. In addition, the protein levels and catalytic activities of the component enzymes and cofactors were severely decreased. A partial truncation of the p38 polypeptide separated the associated components into different subdomains. The mutant mice showed lethality within 2 days of birth. Thus, this work provides the first evidence, to our knowledge, that p38 is essential for the structural integrity of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex and mouse viability.
Second harmonic sound field after insertion of a biological tissue sample (2002)

Second harmonic sound field after inserting a biological tissue sample is investigated by theory and experiment. The sample is inserted perpendicular to the sound axis, whose acoustical properties are different from those of surrounding medium (distilled water). By using the superposition of Gaussian beams and the KZK equation in quasilinear and parabolic approximations, the second harmonic field after insertion of the sample can be derived analytically and expressed as a linear combination of self- and cross-interaction of the Gaussian beams. Egg white, egg yolk, porcine liver, and porcine fat are used as the samples and inserted in the sound field radiated from a 2 MHz uniformly excited focusing source. Axial normalized sound pressure curves of the second harmonic wave before and after inserting the sample are measured and compared with the theoretical results calculated with 10 items of Gaussian beam functions.
Nucleosides and Nucleotides. 185. Synthesis and Biological Activities of 4‘α-C-Branched-Chain Sugar Pyrimidine Nucleosides (1999)

A series of 4'alpha-C-branched-chain pyrimidine nucleosides was synthesized from 2'-deoxycytidine or uridine. In the 2'-deoxycytidine series, the substituent at the 4'alpha-position affected cytotoxicity against L1210 mouse leukemic cells in vitro in the order Me (23) > CN (22) > C(symbol)CH (21) > CH=CH(2) (19) > Et (24) > CH=CHCl (20). However, uridine and cytidine derivatives with ethynyl and cyano groups at the 4'alpha-position did not show any cytotoxicity. The antiviral activities of these nucleosides against HSV-1, HSV-2, and HIV-1 in vitro were also examined. Compounds 22 and 23 showed antiviral activities against HSV-1 and HSV-2 without showing significant toxicity to the host cells (MRC-5 cells). Although almost all of the nucleosides showed anti-HIV-1 activities, they were also cytotoxic to the host cells (MT-4).
Programmable Connections in Neuromorphic Grids (2006)

We describe asynchronous circuits that can relay spikes between multiple chips in a grid. These circuits interface with an on-chip SRAM to implement programmable connectivity among chips. We introduce a packet format that is compatible with updating the SRAM. From a high level specification, we synthesized and fabricated these circuits in an area of 0.206mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in 0.18- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i> m CMOS technology. Test results that measure performance and demonstrate correct function on first silicon are presented.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against major histocompatibility complex class I chain‐related gene A (2008)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related gene A (MICA), a ligand for the activating immunoreceptor natural killer group 2D (NKG2D), is expressed on stressed cells such as tumor cells. Study of expression of this molecule on tumor cells and patients' sera is useful to define patients' stages leading to proper selection of therapy. In this study, mouse anti-MICA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced by DNA immunization using a gene gun. Screening of anti-MICA-producing mouse and hybridomas were performed by immunoblot and cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against MICA-positive HeLa and -negative Me1386 cell lines. MAbs were characterized against MICA-positive and -negative cell lines by immunoblot, cell ELISA and flow cytometry. The mAbs were also characterized for locus and allele specificities of MICA and MHC class I chain-related gene B (MICB) as well as for their ability to stain formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues by immunohistochemistry. Although all mouse immune sera were positive with MICA-positive cells by both immunoblot and cell ELISA methods, some hybridomas were positive only with one method. The mAbs had diverse specificities to detect MICA and MICB and different abilities to stain formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Thus, DNA immunization by gene gun is an effective method to generate immune mice for the production of mAbs with a variety of specificities against native and denatured forms of MIC proteins.
A Two-Dimensional Frame Buffer Processor (1987)

The two-dimensional Frame Buffer Processor (FBP) is part of a proposed raster graphics computer architecture. It is a hardware-oriented organisation of a variation of a bitblt engine with a much richer repertoire. In addition, the FBP gives support to window management, transformations, and assists in some image operations ordinarily performed in software. The introduction of the FBP as a co-processor to geometry and video processors would increase efficiency and speed of graphics systems and bitmap workstations. A special skewed frame-buffer organisation, which allows parallel memory access, further improves system performance.
A new scale to assess the therapeutic relationship in community mental health care: STAR (2006)

STAR is a specifically developed, brief scale to assess TRs in community psychiatry with good psychometric properties and is suitable for use in research and routine care.
An Evaluation and Optimization of Lubricants for Turbocharged Gasoline Engines (1984)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In Japan, turbocharged passenger cars have recently been introduced with increased improvements in fuel economy and engine performance. However, a turbocharger is driven by hot exhaust gas, so that an engine oil with superior thermal stability is required.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;After studying a turbocharged engine's thermal effects, two laboratory screening tests that correlate with dynamometer engine tests were established. These tests, termed the panel coking test and the high temperature panel corrosion test, enable one to evaluate base oils, additive components and viscosity index improvers for a given engine oil.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Finally, a 10W-30 engine oil formulated by using these tests, showed superior deposit control and anticorrosion performance in the dynamometer engine test and actual driving conditions.&lt;/div&gt;
Active Constituents Against HIV-1 Protease fromGarcinia mangostana (1996)

The ethanol extract of Garcinia mangostana L. (Guttiferae) showed potent inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. The activity-guided purification of the extract resulted in the isolation of two active, known compounds. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses as mangostin (IC50 = 5.12 +/- 0.41 microM) and gamma-mangostin (IC50 = 4.81 +/- 0.32 microM). The type of inhibition by both compounds is noncompetitive.
Mutual Information and Diverse Decoding Improve Neural Machine Translation (2016)

Sequence-to-sequence neural translation models learn semantic and syntactic relations between sentence pairs by optimizing the likelihood of the target given the source, i.e., $p(y|x)$, an objective that ignores other potentially useful sources of information. We introduce an alternative objective function for neural MT that maximizes the mutual information between the source and target sentences, modeling the bi-directional dependency of sources and targets. We implement the model with a simple re-ranking method, and also introduce a decoding algorithm that increases diversity in the N-best list produced by the first pass. Applied to the WMT German/English and French/English tasks, the proposed models offers a consistent performance boost on both standard LSTM and attention-based neural MT architectures.
Self-Assembly and Electrochemical Oxidation of Polyamidoamine−Carbazole Dendron Surfmer Complexes: Nanoring Formation (2008)

We report a detailed and quantitative study on the supramolecular complexation of amine-functionalized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G(4)-NH(2) with carboxylic acid terminal dendrons containing peripheral electroactive carbazole groups of different generations (G(0)COOH, G(1)COOH, and G(2)COOH). While the focus is on a detailed understanding and mechanism of complex formation, subsequent electrochemical oxidation of the dendron surfmers resulted in the formation of nanoring structures electrodeposited on the conducting substrate. Complexation was confirmed by NMR, UV-vis, and IR measurements. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies revealed that the ringlike structures were formed during the equilibrium-decomplexation stage and that the electrochemical process did not destroy the complex but rather stabilized it. The different generations of the dendrons provided various structures and complex formation efficacy. This type of template polymerization combined with electrochemically anodic oxidation has not been previously reported.
Beyond Neurons: Evidence That Immune and Glial Cells Contribute to Pathological Pain States (2002)

Chronic pain can occur after peripheral nerve injury, infection, or inflammation. Under such neuropathic pain conditions, sensory processing in the affected body region becomes grossly abnormal. Despite decades of research, currently available drugs largely fail to control such pain. This review explores the possibility that the reason for this failure lies in the fact that such drugs were designed to target neurons rather than immune or glial cells. It describes how immune cells are a natural and inextricable part of skin, peripheral nerves, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord. It then examines how immune and glial activation may participate in the etiology and symptomatology of diverse pathological pain states in both humans and laboratory animals. Of the variety of substances released by activated immune and glial cells, proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6) appear to be of special importance in the creation of peripheral nerve and neuronal hyperexcitability. Although this review focuses on immune modulation of pain, the implications are pervasive. Indeed, all nerves and neurons regardless of modality or function are likely affected by immune and glial activation in the ways described for pain.
Weightbearing CT Scan of Severe Flexible Pes Planus Deformities (2008)

A device was designed and constructed to apply a weightbearing load equal to that of 50% body weight with minimal to no patient discomfort. The resultant effects on foot configuration were significant, and are useful for assessment of degree of flexible flat foot deformity, thus guiding clinical management. The measure which most significantly differed between pes planus patients and normal volunteers was the forefoot arch angle. Forefoot arch angle may therefore be the most useful measure for the imaging diagnosis of flexible pes planus, and the degree of planus deformity.
NIST measurement services: Calibration service for current transformers. Special pub. (Final) (1991)

A calibration service at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for laboratory-quality current transformers is described. The service provides measurements of the current ratio and the phase angle between the secondary and primary currents. In the Report of Calibration or Test, the measured ratio is reported as the product of the marked (nominal) ratio and the ratio correction factor. The measured phase angle is reported directly in milliradians (mrad) and is positive if the secondary current leads the primary. The range of primary-to-secondary current ratios that can be measured with the equipment at NIST extends from 0.25 A:5 A to 12000 A:5 A. The maximum current at the present time is about 20000 A. Estimates of calibration uncertainties, including their sources, are given and quality control procedures are described. For routine calibrations, uncertainties of + or - 0.01% for the ratio and + or - 0.1 mrad for the phase angle are quoted. However, lower uncertainties--to + or - 0.0005% or 5 parts per million (ppm) for ratio and + or - 0.005 mrad or 5 microrads for phase angle--are possible under the provisions of Special Tests.