gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hollow Polyelectrolyte Shells:  Exclusion of Polymers and Donnan Equilibrium (1999)

Hollow polyelectrolyte capsules were fabricated by means of stepwise adsorption of polyelectrolytes followed by dissolution of the templating core. The capsule wall thickness was approximately 20 nm. The diameter of the capsules is given by the size of the templates (3.3 μm). These capsules exclude poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) from a molecular weight of 4200 upward but are permeable for small ions and 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-CF). By means of adding PSS in acidic form to the bulk solution, a Donnan equilibrium between the bulk and internal solution encapsulated within the capsules was created. The pH in the capsule interior is more basic. This difference in pH is larger than a unit for capsules of 3.3 μm in diameter. Addition of NaCl decreases this pH difference. A theoretical model is developed that describes the observed pH difference. The essential assumptions of the model are the selective permeability of the capsule wall, charging of the capsule together with its interior according to its capacitance, and an osmotic balance of the system. The developed shell system represents a novel class of stable colloids combining the compartmentalization of an aqueous solution with the possibility of creating pH differences on the micrometer scale.
Detection of RET/PTC, TRK and BRAF mutations in preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytological findings (2007)

Detection of RET/PTC, TRK and BRAF(V600E) in FNAB specimens is proposed as a diagnostic adjunctive tool in the evaluation of thyroid nodules with suspicious cytological findings.
A network on chip architecture and design methodology (2003)

We propose a packet switched platform for single chip systems which scales well to an arbitrary number of processor like resources. The platform, which we call Network-on-Chip (NOC), includes both the architecture and the design methodology. The NOC architecture is a m/spl times/n mesh of switches and resources are placed on the slots formed by the switches. We assume a direct layout of the 2-D mesh of switches and resources providing physical- and architectural-level design integration. Each switch is connected to one resource and four neighboring switches, and each resource is connected to one switch. A resource can be a processor core, memory, an FPGA, a custom hardware block or any other intellectual property (IP) block, which fits into the available slot and complies with the interface of the NOC. The NOC architecture essentially is the onchip communication infrastructure comprising the physical layer, the data link layer and the network layer of the OSI protocol stack. We define the concept of a region, which occupies an area of any number of resources and switches. This concept allows the NOC to accommodate large resources such as large memory banks, FPGA areas, or special purpose computation resources such as high performance multi-processors. The NOC design methodology consists of two phases. In the first phase a concrete architecture is derived from the general NOC template. The concrete architecture defines the number of switches and shape of the network, the kind and shape of regions and the number and kind of resources. The second phase maps the application onto the concrete architecture to form a concrete product.
Ion-exchanged waveguide add/drop filter (2001)

An add/drop filter is fabricated using ion-exchanged waveguides and photowritten Bragg gratings. The device exhibits 20 dB extinction ratios and 3 dB bandwidths of 0.4 nm (100 GHz).
Expression of multiple proteins using full‐length and deleted versions of cowpea mosaic virus RNA‐2 (2007)

The use of multiple copies of vectors based on either full-length or deleted versions of cowpea mosaic virus RNA-2 for the production of heteromeric proteins in plants was investigated. Co-infiltration of two full-length RNA-2 constructs containing different marker genes into Nicotiana benthamiana in the presence of RNA-1 showed that the two foreign proteins were efficiently expressed within the same cell in inoculated tissue. Furthermore, the proteins were co-localized to the same subcellular compartments, an essential prerequisite for heteromer formation. However, segregation of two separate RNA-2 molecules, and therefore expression of the two proteins, was observed on systemic spread of the recombinant viruses. Thus, efficient assembly of heteromeric proteins is likely to occur only in inoculated tissue. To determine the optimum approach for expression in inoculated tissue, the heavy and light chains of the blood group-typing immunoglobulin G (IgG) C5-1 were inserted into full-length and deleted versions of RNA-2, and the constructs were agroinfiltrated in the presence of RNA-1. The results obtained showed that full-size IgG molecules accumulated using both approaches, but that the levels were significantly higher when deleted RNA-2 vectors were used. The levels were also greatly enhanced by the inclusion of an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal at the C-terminus of the heavy chain. As the potential benefit of using full-length RNA-2 constructs, the ability to spread systemically, appears to be irrelevant to the production of heteromeric proteins, the use of deleted versions of RNA-2 is clearly advantageous, particularly as they offer the benefit of biocontainment.
컴퓨터과학 : 쇼핑몰 회원 관리를 위한 효율적인 개인정보관리 시스템의 구현 (2002)

인터넷에 존재하는 많은 전자상거래 사이트의 데이터베이스에 중복적으로 저장되어 있는 개인정보의 무결성을 유지하며, 사용자의 불편함을 줄이고, 각 사이트의 독립된 S/W를 충족시킬 수 있는 통합형 데이터베이스 개발은 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 이기종 분산 데이터베이스로 구성된 각 사이트의 회원관리 시스템이 가지고 있는 단점을 살펴보고, 효율적인 회원 관리를 할 수 있는 개인정보관리 시스템 모델을 설계하였으며, 이를 이용하여 IPIMS라는 통합된 개인정보 관리 시스템을 구현하였다.
The Effect of Fluorescein Conjugation on Fc-Dependent Properties of Rabbit Antibody (1975)

Conjugation of rabbit antibody with fluorescein isothiocyanate results in loss of the ability of that antibody to fix complement, mediate passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, or participate in cytophilic binding to macrophage surfaces. Fluorescein, perhaps because of molecular size or configuration, is a more potent suppressor of Fc function than are other reagents previously studied in this regard.
Relationship between wheat seed infection by Stagonospora nodorum and seed weight. (2002)

The relationship between wheat seed infection by Stagonospora nodorum and seed weight was investigated. Seeds of winter wheat cultivars grown in eight production environments over two years were assayed for S. nodorum. The effect of seed infection by S. nodorum on thousand-seed weight, after accounting for the effects of production environment, cultivar, environment by cultivar interactions, and seed infection incidence by Fusarium species, was investigated by multiple linear regression. Regression models accounted for 94% of the variation in thousand-seed weight. Seed infection by S. nodorum was not significantly associated with any of the variation in thousand-seed weight in the year with relatively low disease incidence, but was significantly associated with reductions in thousand-seed weight in the year with high disease incidence (P ≤ 0.0001). An increase in seed infection incidence of 10%, however, reduced thousand-seed weight less than 1 g. Seed infection incidence by S. nodorum is therefore not a major factor in reducing wheat seed size. Even lots consisting mostly of large seeds may be highly infected by S. nodorum.
High Density Optical Interconnects for High Performance Computing (2014)

High Performance Computing systems with &gt; 105 optical links are deployed today. Chip-scale optical transceivers for next generation systems can simultaneously achieve high bandwidth and high density while minimizing power and cost.
Myc and PI3K/AKT signaling cooperatively repress FOXO3a-dependent PUMA and GADD45a gene expression (2011)

Growth factor withdrawal inhibits cell cycle progression by stimulating expression of growth-arresting genes through the activation of Forkhead box O transcription factors such as FOXO3a, which binds to the FHRE-responsive elements of a number of target genes such as PUMA and GADD45a. Following exposure of cells to growth factors FOXO3a-mediated transcription is rapidly repressed. We determined that repression correlates with activation of PI3K/AKT pathway leading to FOXO3a phosphorylation and release of FOXO3a protein from PUMA and GADD45a chromatin. We show here that Myc significantly and selectively contributes to repression of FOXO-mediated expression of PUMA and GADD45a. We found that in Myc deprived cells inhibition of PUMA and GADD45a following serum stimulation is impaired and that Myc does not interfere with p53 induction of PUMA transcription. We observed that following activation, Myc is rapidly recruited to PUMA and GADD45a chromatin, with a concomitant switch in promoter occupancy from FOXO3a to Myc. Myc recruitment stimulates deacetylation of Histone H3 and H4 and methylation of lysine 9 in H3 (H3K9me2) on both PUMA and GADD45 chromatin. These data highlight a Myc role on cell growth by selectively inhibiting FOXO3a induced transcription of PUMA and GADD45.
Recruitment of neutrophils during IgE-dependent cutaneous late phase reactions in the mouse is mast cell-dependent. Partial inhibition of the reaction with antiserum against tumor necrosis factor-alpha. (1991)

Much of the clinically important pathology associated with IgE-dependent disorders is thought to reflect the actions of the blood-borne leukocytes recruited during these responses. To evaluate the extent to which mast cells are responsible for the leukocyte infiltration associated with IgE-dependent cutaneous reactions, we attempted to elicit these responses in normal mice, genetically mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice, and in W/Wv mice selectively repaired of their mast cell deficiency by the intradermal injection of cultured mast cells derived from the congenic normal (+/+) mice. We found that the tissue swelling associated with IgE-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions developed rapidly and diminished markedly from 2 to 4 h after antigen challenge, but remained detectable for at least 24 h after elicitation of the responses. Infiltration of leukocytes (predominantly neutrophils) also occurred at these sites, but reached maximal levels 6-12 h after antigen challenge, persisted at high levels for 24 h, and largely waned by 48 h. Virtually all of the tissue swelling and leukocyte infiltration associated with IgE-dependent cutaneous reactions was mast cell dependent. Intradermal injection of 40 U of recombinant murine TNF-alpha (rmTNF-alpha) elicited neutrophil infiltration similar in magnitude and kinetics to that observed after IgE-dependent mast cell degranulation. A rabbit anti-rmTNF-alpha (R anti-rmTNF-alpha) antiserum, which was able to inhibit 84% of the neutrophil infiltration observed after i.d. injection of rmTNF-alpha, inhibited IgE-, and mast cell-dependent leukocyte infiltration by 47 +/- 7% in three separate experiments. These findings indicate that TNF-alpha contributes to mast cell-dependent recruitment of leukocytes during IgE-dependent cutaneous late phase reactions, but suggest that other mast cell-associated mediators probably also contribute to this response.
A new coded-excitation ultrasound imaging system. II. Operator design (1996)

For pt.I see ibid. vol.43, pp.131-140 (1996). We introduced in pt. I a new approach for ultrasonic imaging using coded-excitation. Our formulation allows for the implementation of the imaging operator as a transversal filter bank with each filter designed to reconstruct scatterer distribution along one image line. This formulation allows for high-speed data acquisition when the reconstruction filters are utilized in parallel configuration. Furthermore, under high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, our approach allows for spatial resolution that exceeds the resolution set by the diffraction limit. Ideally, the resolution limit for our system is set by the grid spacing in the region of interest (ROI). When the SNR of the system is finite, however, sensitivity to noise becomes a factor in image reconstruction quality. A trade-off exists between spatial and contrast resolutions with all elements of this trade-off captured by the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the imaging operator, G. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of the function given in pt.I in defining an optimal pseudo-inverse operator (PIO). The optimal PIO provides the highest spatial resolution at which the mean-square error (MSE) is minimized. We show that a design procedure for such an optimal image reconstruction operator is feasible, and we present an algorithm for operator design. Computer simulations are used to highlight the main features of the SVD-based operator design procedure; the SVD of the imaging operator consists of array-dependent (analytic) and code-dependent (nonanalytic) modes. The analytic modes yield a sine-like lateral point spread function (LPSF) of the imaging system. For a given SNR of the imaging system, a maximum number of modes (analytic and nonanalytic) can be used in the design of the imaging operator to minimize the LPSF width (i.e., maximize resolution) while minimizing the MSE. Finally, a two-dimensional cyst simulation is provided to demonstrate the potential advantage of our approach.
Biomechanical Design of a Powered Ankle-Foot Prosthesis (2007)

Although the potential benefits of a powered ankle-foot prosthesis have been well documented, no one has successfully developed and verified that such a prosthesis can improve amputee gait compared to a conventional passive-elastic prosthesis. One of the main hurdles that hinder such a development is the challenge of building an ankle-foot prosthesis that matches the size and weight of the intact ankle, but still provides a sufficiently large instantaneous power output and torque to propel an amputee. In this paper, we present a novel, powered ankle-foot prosthesis that overcomes these design challenges. The prosthesis comprises an unidirectional spring, configured in parallel with a force-controllable actuator with series elasticity. With this architecture, the ankle-foot prosthesis matches the size and weight of the human ankle, and is shown to be satisfying the restrictive design specifications dictated by normal human ankle walking biomechanics.
Neuro-inflammation as a therapeutic target in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (2002)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neuromuscular disease that destroys both upper and lower motor neurons, resulting in spasticity, diffuse muscular atrophy, weakness, and ultimately death from respiratory failure. It is presumed that in the vast majority of cases, ALS is acquired and occurs sporadically, although the exact etiology is unknown. Recent, emerging evidence suggests that neuro-inflammation may be a pathological characteristic of this disease; this could represent a potential therapeutic target for a pharmacological agent to help treat this severe disease. This article reviews the current research in this area and discusses theoretical and clinical ramifications of these recent findings.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 10. Aryl sulfonamide substituted N-[1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl-L-proline derivatives as novel antihypertensives (1990)

Compounds 1a-g consisting of enalaprilat covalently bonded to aryl sulfonamides, including several known thiazide diuretics, were synthesized and tested for ACE inhibitory and diuretic and overall antihypertensive effects. All compounds were potent ACE inhibitors in vitro, with IC50 = 6.5-85 nM. At 10 mg/kg iv or ip in the rat, 1a-g inhibited the AI pressor response by 76-100%; inhibition declined significantly upon oral dosing. Compounds 1a and 1f at 100 mg/kg ip in the sodium-depleted, spontaneously hypertensive rats reduced blood pressure 28-35% and 41-42%, respectively. Compounds 1a and 1f elicited natriuresis and kaliuresis without accompanying volume increases in the rat; 1c at 25 mg/kg iv induced delayed diuresis. Compound 1f has been chosen for further development.
Epidemiology of CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILEinfection among active duty United States military personnel (1998-2010) (2013)

CDAD has increased among military personnel, with female cases more likely to be community associated. Gender, marital status and branch of service had the strongest association with CDAD subtype. Further work is needed to evaluate the epidemiologic factors that have led to these increased rates in otherwise low-risk populations and associated sequelae.
Arachidonic acid protects neonatal rat cardiac myocytes from ischaemic injury through ε protein kinase C (2001)

These results demonstrate that arachidonic acid selectively activates delta and epsilonPKC in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, leading to protection from ischaemia. We suggest this is a potential mechanism of PKC activation during PC. In addition, our results suggest that different classes of free fatty acid directly exert cardioprotection from ischaemic injury in cardiac myocytes.
Synthesis of Colloidal Upconverting NaYF4:  Er3+/Yb3+ and Tm3+/Yb3+ Monodisperse Nanocrystals (2007)

The synthesis, characterization, and spectroscopy of upconverting lanthanide-doped NaYF4 nanocrystals (NCs) is presented. The monodisperse cubic NaYF4 NCs were synthesized via a thermal decomposition reaction of trifluoroacetate precusors in a mixture of technical grade chemicals, octadecene and the coordinating ligand oleic acid. In this straightforward method, the dissolved precursors are added slowly to the reaction solution through a stainless-steel canula resulting in highly luminescent nanocrystals with an almost monodisperse particle size distribution. The NCs were characterized through the use of transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, 1H NMR, powder X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution luminescence spectroscopy. The NaYF4 NCs are capable of being of dispersed in nonpolar organic solvents thus forming colloidally stable solutions. The colloids of the Er3+, Yb3+ and Tm3+, Yb3+ doped NCs exhibit green/red and blue upconversion luminescence, respectively, under 980 nm laser diode excitation with low power densities.
First human exposure to FSH-CTP in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadal males (2001)

The use of FSH-CTP is safe and does not lead to detectable formation of antibodies. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic and dynamic profile of FSH-CTP may lead to the development of new, more convenient regimens for the treatment of male and female infertility.
Clinical Aspects and Management of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia (2012)

In Parkinson's disease, one of the most troublesome dilemmas is the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. After a few years, chronic treatment with levodopa is associated with the development of dyskinesias. Strategies to delay or to reduce dyskinesias are based on the change of levodopa dosing or the early use of dopamine agonists. Dopamine agonists with different pharmacological profile are available. Our paper was aimed to analyse the clinical impact and the management of dyskinesias with dopamine agonists.
Visualization of Agonist-induced Association and Trafficking of Green Fluorescent Protein-tagged Forms of Both β-Arrestin-1 and the Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor-1 (1999)

A fusion protein (beta-arrestin-1-green fluorescent protein (GFP)) was constructed between beta-arrestin-1 and a modified form of the green fluorescent protein from Aequorea victoria. Expression in HEK293 cells allowed immunological detection of an 82-kDa cytosolic polypeptide with antisera to both beta-arrestin-1 and GFP. Transient expression of this construct in HEK293 cells stably transfected to express the rat thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor-1 (TRHR-1) followed by confocal microscopy allowed its visualization evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Addition of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) caused a profound and rapid redistribution of beta-arrestin-1-GFP to the plasma membrane followed by internalization of beta-arrestin-1-GFP into distinct, punctate, intracellular vesicles. TRH did not alter the cellular distribution of GFP transiently transfected into these cells nor the distribution of beta-arrestin-1-GFP following expression in HEK293 cells lacking the receptor. To detect potential co-localization of the receptor and beta-arrestin-1 in response to agonist treatment, beta-arrestin-1-GFP was expressed stably in HEK293 cells. A vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-tagged TRHR-1 was then introduced transiently. Initially, the two proteins were fully resolved. Short term exposure to TRH resulted in their plasma membrane co-localization, and sustained exposure to TRH resulted in their co-localization in punctate, intracellular vesicles. In contrast, beta-arrestin-1-GFP did not relocate or adopt a punctate appearance in cells that did not express VSV-TRHR-1. Reciprocal experiments were performed, with equivalent results, following transient expression of beta-arrestin-1 into cells stably expressing VSVTRHR-1-GFP. These results demonstrate the capacity of beta-arrestin-1-GFP to interact with the rat TRHR-1 and directly visualizes their recruitment from cytoplasm and plasma membrane respectively into overlapping, intracellular vesicles in an agonist-dependent manner.
Novel Genetic Polymorphisms That Further Delineate the Phylogeny of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (2006)

In a previous report, we described a PCR protocol for the differentiation of the various species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) on the basis of genomic deletions (R. C. Huard, L. C. de Oliveira Lazzarini, W. R. Butler, D. van Soolingen, and J. L. Ho, J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:1637-1650, 2003). That report also provided a broad cross-comparison of several previously identified, phylogenetically relevant, long-sequence and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (LSPs and SNPs, respectively). In the present companion report, we expand upon the previous work (i) by continuing the evaluation of known MTC phylogenetic markers in a larger collection of tubercle bacilli (n = 125), (ii) by evaluating additional recently reported MTC species-specific and interspecific polymorphisms, and (iii) by describing the identification and distribution of a number of novel LSPs and SNPs. Notably, new genomic deletions were found in various Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, new species-specific SNPs were identified for "Mycobacterium canettii," Mycobacterium microti, and Mycobacterium pinnipedii, and, for the first time, intraspecific single-nucleotide DNA differences were discovered for the dassie bacillus, the oryx bacillus, and the two Mycobacterium africanum subtype I variants. Surprisingly, coincident polymorphisms linked one M. africanum subtype I genotype with the dassie bacillus and M. microti with M. pinnipedii, thereby suggesting closer evolutionary ties within each pair of species than had been previously thought. Overall, the presented data add to the genetic definitions of several MTC organisms as well as fine-tune current models for the evolutionary history of the MTC.