gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human pituitary growth hormone. XXI. Physicochemical investigations of the native and reduced-alkylated protein (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHuman pituitary growth hormone. XXI. Physicochemical investigations of the native and reduced-alkylated proteinThomas A. Bewley, Jorge Brovetto-Cruz, and Choh Hao LiCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 12, 4701–4708Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00840a007https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00840a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Permeability Transition Pore Complex: A Target for Apoptosis Regulation by Caspases and Bcl-2–related Proteins (1998)

Early in programmed cell death (apoptosis), mitochondrial membrane permeability increases. This is at least in part due to opening of the permeability transition (PT) pore, a multiprotein complex built up at the contact site between the inner and the outer mitochondrial membranes. The PT pore has been previously implicated in clinically relevant massive cell death induced by toxins, anoxia, reactive oxygen species, and calcium overload. Here we show that PT pore complexes reconstituted in liposomes exhibit a functional behavior comparable with that of the natural PT pore present in intact mitochondria. The PT pore complex is regulated by thiol-reactive agents, calcium, cyclophilin D ligands (cyclosporin A and a nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin A derivative), ligands of the adenine nucleotide translocator, apoptosis-related endoproteases (caspases), and Bcl-2-like proteins. Although calcium, prooxidants, and several recombinant caspases (caspases 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6) enhance the permeability of PT pore-containing liposomes, recombinant Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL augment the resistance of the reconstituted PT pore complex to pore opening. Mutated Bcl-2 proteins that have lost their cytoprotective potential also lose their PT modulatory capacity. In conclusion, the PT pore complex may constitute a crossroad of apoptosis regulation by caspases and members of the Bcl-2 family.
Attachment and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts on bioactive glass modified ceramics (2006)

In this study, six groups of modified ceramic specimens were constructed and were studied comparatively with dental porcelain (P:control) for their ability to support human periodontal ligament fibroblasts attachment and proliferation. The dental porcelain was initially coated with bioactive glass (PCB) or with a mixture of porcelain and bioactive glass (PCBP) and then calcium-phosphate rich (Ca-P) or hydroxy-carbonate apatite (HCAp) layers were bio-mimetically developed on both surfaces (PCB and PCBP) after immersion in simulated body fluid. The development and characterization of Ca-P and HCAp layers on PCBCa-P, PCBHCAp, PCBPCa-P, PCBPHCAp specimens' surfaces were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and further confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The modified ceramics differed from their controls concerning their surface morphology as evaluated by SEM, and their surface chemical composition (Al, P, Si, Ca, Na and K) as evaluated by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Almost all modified specimens supported cell attachment, spreading and proliferation at higher extent than the control porcelain specimens. The additional layers of Ca-P or HCAp on PCBP and PCB specimens were found to positively affect cell attachment and proliferation. The highest cell population, of all specimens tested, was observed on PCBPCa-P and PCBPHCAp. The Ca-P particles present on all Ca-P and HCAp coated specimens seemed to be involved in cell adhesion.
Improved osteoinduction of cortical bone allografts: A study of the effects of laser perforation and partial demineralization (1997)

Massive cortical bone allografts have been found to incorporate slowly into host bone and thus are subject to complications such as nonunion, fatigue fracture, and infection. To better understand and improve the process of osteoinduction in these types of bone grafts, a new experimental model was developed with use of diaphyseal cortical bone grafts from rat tibiae that were prepared by partial demineralization and drilling of 0.33 mm diameter holes with a pulsed, 2.94 microns wavelength, erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. Six types of grafts were analyzed: untreated (Type I), demineralized 25 microns deep (Type II), demineralized 150 microns deep (Type III), laser perforated (Type V), laser perforated and then demineralized 25 microns deep (Type V), and laser perforated and then demineralized 150 microns deep (Type VI). The graft was orthotopically transplanted in the tibia of an adult Sprague-Dawley rat and followed for as long as 4 months. Histologic evaluation at 1 and 4 months postoperatively with use of hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed that there was new bone growth in Types II, III, V, and VI grafts. The amount of growth was estimated by comparing bone mineral density before implantation with values obtained after retrieval of the graft. These measurements were correlated to histomorphometric analysis of graft incorporation. The results show that the processes of partial demineralization (p < 0.000001) and laser perforation with partial demineralization (p < 0.000001) were both significant in enhancing bone growth in this model. New bone growth was significantly increased when the grafts were prepared with extensive demineralization (p < 0.015). This study demonstrates that osteogenesis in cortical bone grafts can be fostered through the process of partial demineralization and laser perforation. To the extent that minimal partial demineralization and laser perforation allow maintenance of structural integrity while altering the osteoinductive properties in such a way as to promote ingrowth of new bone, this experimental model represents an advance in understanding how osteogenesis in cortical bone grafts may be improved.
Distinction of two-photon absorption from other nonlinear loss mechanisms by phase-conjugate interferometry (1994)

We show that phase-conjugate interferometry is a measuring technique for third-order optical nonlinearities that can distinguish two-photon absorption from other nonlinear loss mechanisms. For the case of 3,3′-diethyloxadicarbocyanine iodide at 1064 nm, the nonlinear loss is dominated by linear absorption from the two-photon excited state. We observe a highly nonlinear absorption process in solutions of 4-methoxy-4′-nitrostilbene at 532 nm and show that it is due to a more complicated loss mechanism. This mechanism could have applications in optical limiting.
Strain- and Genotype-Specific Differences in Virulence of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae , a Bacterial Pathogen Causing American Foulbrood Disease in Honeybees (2005)

Virulence variations of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood disease of honeybees, were investigated by analysis of 16 field isolates of this pathogen, belonging to three previously characterized genotypes, as well as the type strain (ATCC 9545) of P. larvae subsp. larvae, with exposure bioassays. We demonstrated that the strain-specific 50% lethal concentrations varied within an order of magnitude and that differences in amount of time for the pathogen to kill 100% of the infected hosts (LT100) correlated with genotype. One genotype killed rather quickly, with a mean LT100 of 7.8 +/- 1.7 days postinfection, while the other genotypes acted more slowly, with mean LT100s of 11.2 +/- 0.8 and 11.6 +/- 0.6 days postinfection.
Urinary Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 7 for Risk Stratification of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Sepsis (2016)

Urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 accurately predicts acute kidney injury in septic patients with or without other organ failures.
Local Anaesthetic Infiltration for Caesarean Section (1990)

Although rarely performed in developed countries, local-infiltration anesthesia for cesarean section still serves a purpose in selected cases. Two cases are reported. The first was a woman with severe congenital kyphoscoliosis, pelvic tilt and dislocated right hip who required elective section due to cephalopelvic disproportion. Paraplegic since birth, she had sensation between T10 and L1. Concern was raised concerning respiratory function. O2 saturation on room air was 97%, PaCO2 29.5 mmHg, PaO2 99.8 mmHg, pH 7.44. The following techniques were considered and discussed: 1) regional block was felt to be technically difficult and unpredicatable in result; 2) general anesthesia could require postoperative ventilation; 3) local anesthetic infiltration which was acceptable to all concerned, and was performed with 0.5% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 to a total of 260 mg of lidocaine (52 ml of solution). O2 6 L/min was given by mask with intermittent N2O 30%. After delivery, meperidine and metroclopramide were injected IV. The procedure lasted 80 min. Intra- and post-operative courses were uneventful.
Diverse roles of androgen receptor (AR) domains in AR-mediated signaling (2008)

Androgens control male sexual development and maintenance of the adult male phenotype. They have very divergent effects on their target organs like the reproductive organs, muscle, bone, brain and skin. This is explained in part by the fact that different cell types respond differently to androgen stimulus, even when all these responses are mediated by the same intracellular androgen receptor. To understand these tissue- and cell-specific readouts of androgens, we have to learn the many different steps in the transcription activation mechanisms of the androgen receptor (NR3C4). Like all nuclear receptors, the steroid receptors have a central DNA-binding domain connected to a ligand-binding domain by a hinge region. In addition, all steroid receptors have a relatively large amino-terminal domain. Despite the overall structural homology with other nuclear receptors, the androgen receptor has several specific characteristics which will be discussed here. This receptor can bind two types of androgen response elements (AREs): one type being similar to the classical GRE/PRE-type elements, the other type being the more divergent and more selective AREs. The hormone-binding domain has low intrinsic transactivation properties, a feature that correlates with the low affinity of this domain for the canonical LxxLL-bearing coactivators. For the androgen receptor, transcriptional activation involves the alternative recruitment of coactivators to different regions in the amino-terminal domain, as well as the hinge region. Finally, a very strong ligand-induced interaction between the amino-terminal domain and the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor seems to be involved in many aspects of its function as a transcription factor. This review describes the current knowledge on the structure-function relationships within the domains of the androgen receptor and tries to integrate the involvement of different domains, subdomains and motifs in the functioning of this receptor as a transcription factor with tissue- and cell-specific readouts.
A new "active" predistortor with high gain using cascode-FET structures (2003)

An MMIC-compatible miniaturized "active" predistorter using cascode FET structures is presented. The predistorter has gain expansion and negative phase deviation characteristics required to compensate for the distortion of typical power amplifiers. Unlike the previously reported predistorters, the predistorter of this work is capable of providing gain as high as 7-17 dB, eliminating the need for additional buffer amplifiers. This makes our approach well suited to MMIC implementation. Analysis of gain and phase deviation was also conducted. From the analysis, the origin of nonlinear distortion of predistorter was found to be G/sub m/ of the upper FET and R/sub ds/ of the lower FET. The predistorter of this work was applied to linearize a 2-GHz MMIC power amplifier for CDMA handset applications. ACPR improvement of 5 dB was achieved.
Heavy menstrual bleeding diagnosis and medical management (2017)

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common gynecological problem that has a significant impact on a woman's quality of life and the activities of daily living. Due to the difficulty in accurately describing menstrual bleeding abnormalities using older terminology, the PALM-COEIN classification system of the Federation Internationale de Gynecologie et d'Obstetrique was proposed to describe and identify the etiology of abnormal endometrial bleeding. As there is no single pathway that is associated with HMB, there are several therapeutic interventions involving different molecular pathways to reduce HMB. This article will highlight the current evidence as it relates to the etiology of HMB as well as medical modalities of treatment.
The Origins of Order (1993)

Abstract Stuart Kauffman here presents a brilliant new paradigm for evolutionary biology, one that extends the basic concepts of Darwinian evolution to accommodate recent findings and perspectives from the fields of biology, physics, chemistry and mathematics. The book drives to the heart of the exciting debate on the origins of life and maintenance of order in complex biological systems. It focuses on the concept of self-organization: the spontaneous emergence of order that is widely observed throughout nature Kauffman argues that self-organization plays an important role in the Darwinian process of natural selection. Yet until now no systematic effort has been made to incorporate the concept of self-organization into evolutionary theory. The construction requirements which permit complex systems to adapt are poorly understood, as is the extent to which selection itself can yield systems able to adapt more successfully. This book explores these themes. It shows how complex systems, contrary to expectations, can spontaneously exhibit stunning degrees of order, and how this order, in turn, is essential for understanding the emergence and development of life on Earth. Topics include the new biotechnology of applied molecular evolution, with its important implications for developing new drugs and vaccines; the balance between order and chaos observed in many naturally occurring systems; new insights concerning the predictive power of statistical mechanics in biology; and other major issues. Indeed, the approaches investigated here may prove to be the new center around which biological science itself will evolve. The work is written for all those interested in the cutting edge of research in the life sciences.
Biomedical Application of Orexin/Hypocretin Receptor Ligands in Neuroscience (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTBiomedical Application of Orexin/Hypocretin Receptor Ligands in NeuroscienceChristoph Boss*, Catherine Brisbare-Roch, and Francois JenckView Author Information Drug Discovery and Preclinical Research & Development, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +41 61 565 65 61. Fax: +41 61 565 65 00. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52, 4, 891–903Publication Date (Web):January 20, 2009Publication History Received15 October 2008Published online20 January 2009Published inissue 26 February 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm801296dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm801296dreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3301Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antagonists,Central nervous system,Receptors,Rodent models,Substituents Get e-Alerts
An examination of the number of required apertures for step-and-shoot IMRT (2005)

We have examined the degree to which step-and-shoot IMRT treatment plans can be simplified (using a small number of apertures) without sacrificing the dosimetric quality of the plans. A key element of this study was the use of direct aperture optimization (DAO), an inverse planning technique where all of the multi-leaf collimator constraints are incorporated into the optimization. For seven cases (1 phantom, 1 prostate, 3 head-and-neck and 2 lung), DAO was used to perform a series of optimizations where the number of apertures per beam direction varied from 1 to 15. In this work, we attempt to provide general guidelines for how many apertures per beam direction are sufficient for various clinical cases using DAO. Analysis of the optimized treatment plans reveals that for most cases, only modest improvements in the objective function and the corresponding DVHs are seen beyond 5 apertures per beam direction. However, for more complex cases, some dosimetric gain can be achieved by increasing the number of apertures per beam direction beyond 5. Even in these cases, however, only modest improvements are observed beyond 9 apertures per beam direction. In our clinical experience, 38 out of the first 40 patients treated using IMRT plans produced using DAO were treated with 9 or fewer apertures per beam direction. The results indicate that many step-and-shoot IMRT treatment plans delivered today are more complex than necessary and can be simplified without sacrificing plan quality.
Audio-frequency electromagnetic tomography in 2-D (1993)

Abstract The mathematical formulation of acoustic diffraction tomography is applied to the problem of low frequency, diffusive electromagnetic (EM) fields. EM tomographic inversion, in two-dimensional (2-D) Cartesian geometry, is illustrated for a crosshole source-receiver configuration. The object function of the conductivity distribution is related to the transformed and filtered data by an inverse Fourier transform in the vertical direction and an inverse Laplace transform in the lateral direction. The reconstructed conductivity image is found to be a band-limited version of the actual conductivity distribution. To stabilize the inversion, a regularized least-squares method is used for image reconstruction. As in the seismic case, the inversion quality can be understood by inspecting the wavenumber domain coverage of the object function. Numerical experiments show that the resolution is better in the vertical direction than in the horizontal and it is also a function of source operating frequency. The position and attitude of the target are recovered well.
Cytogenetics of Introgression from Saccharum into Sorghum1 (1976)

Grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] crosses with sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) when the latter species is the female parent. These hybrids are male sterile but produce offspring when pollinated with either parent. Four backcrosses, the first and second with diploid (2n=20) and then with tetraploid sorghum (2n=40), produced plants that are male and female fertile even though they combine 40 Sorghum + 4–10 Saccharum chromosomes. Selfing or further backcrossing with sorghum for one or more generations, results in complete elimination of Saccharum chromosomes, and essentially pure or morphologically modified sorghums are recovered. Modified sorghums have various combinations of Saccharum characteristics superimposed on a basic Sorghum morphology. The study was initiated in an attempt to transfer shoot fly resistance from sugarcane to grain sorghum. Whether this aim was achieved is now being investigated.
Erythropoietin reduces Schwann cell TNF‐α, Wallerian degeneration and pain‐related behaviors after peripheral nerve injury (2006)

Chronic sciatic nerve constriction injury (CCI) induces Wallerian degeneration and exaggerated pain-like behaviors. These effects are mediated in large part by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In this study, we demonstrate that systemically administered recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) facilitates recovery from chronic neuropathic pain associated with CCI in rats. Because TNF-alpha has been implicated in the development of pain-related behaviors, we measured TNF-alpha mRNA at the nerve injury site. Systemically or locally administered rhEpo decreased TNF-alpha mRNA, compared with that observed in untreated animals. RhEpo also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased axonal degeneration. Immunohistochemistry of CCI nerve showed abundant TNF-alpha in Schwann cells, axoplasm and macrophages. In rhEpo-treated animals, TNF-alpha immunopositivity was decreased selectively in Schwann cells. These results suggest a model in which rhEpo counteracts the effects of TNF-alpha in CCI by blocking expression of TNF-alpha in Schwann cells. To further test this model, we studied primary Schwann cell cultures. RhEpo inhibited TNF-alpha expression in response to lipopolysaccharide, supporting the conclusions of our in vivo CCI experiments. In addition, rhEpo directly counteracted Schwann cell death induced by exogenously added TNF-alphain vitro. These results indicated that rhEpo regulates TNF-alpha by multiple mechanisms; rhEpo regulates TNF-alpha mRNA expression by Schwann cells but also may directly counteract TNF-alpha signaling pathways that lead to injury, chronic pain and/or death.
Measuring and predicting outcomes in ESRD patients. (1993)

To test the feasibility of using general health status as a practical dialysis outcome measure, in a longitudinal pilot study, two well-validated instruments were administered to patients from our dialysis unit or clinic. The instruments were administered three times, at eight-week intervals for seven months to 41 hemodialysis (HD) patients. Forty-five transplant (Tx) patients were surveyed once as a validating control. Sociodemographic, imaging and biochemical data were tested as outcome predictors. Unexpected hospitalizations and adverse intercurrent events were used as additional outcome measures. Preliminary analysis shows HD patients scoring low, while Tx patients scored higher (healthier). These preliminary results suggest that assessment of general health status is a valid and practical outcome measure.