gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing and characterization of silicon carbide (6H-SiC and 4H-SiC) contacts for high power and high temperature device applications (2002)

Silicon carbide is a promising wide bandgap semiconductormaterial for high-temperature, high-power, and high-frequencydevice applications. However, there are still a number offactors that are limiting the device performance. Among them,one of the most important and critical factors is the formationof low resistivity Ohmic contacts and high-temperature stableSchottky diodes on silicon carbide. In this thesis, different metals (TiW, Ti, TiC, Al, and Ni)and different deposition techniques (sputtering andevaporation) were suggested and investigated for this purpose.Both electrical and material characterizations were performedusing various techniques, such as I-V, C-V, RBS, XRD, XPS,LEED, SEM, AFM, and SIMS. For the Schottky contacts to n- and p-type 4H-SiC, sputteredTiW Schottky contacts had excellent rectifying behavior afterannealing at 500 ºC in vacuum with a thermally stableideality factor of 1.06 and 1.08 for n- and p-type,respectively. It was also observed that the SBH for p-type SiC(ΦBp) strongly depends on the choice the metal with alinear relationship ΦBp= 4.51 - 0.58Φm, indicating no strong Fermi-level pinning.Finally, the behavior of Schottky diodes was investigated byincorporation of size-selected Au nano-particles in Ti Schottkycontacts on silicon carbide. The reduction of the SBH isexplained by using a simple dipole layer approach, withenhanced electric field at the interface due to the small sizeof the circular patch (Au nano-particles) and large differenceof the barrier height between two metals (Ti and Au) on both n-and p-SiC. For the Ohmic contacts, titanium carbide (TiC) was used ascontacts to both n- and p-type 4H-SiC epilayers as well as onAl implanted layers. The TiC contacts were epitaxiallydeposited using a co-evaporation method with an e-beam Tisource and a Knudsen cell for C60, in a UHV system at low substrate temperature(500 ºC). In addition, we extensively investigatedsputtered TiW (weight ratio 30:70) as well as evaporated NiOhmic contacts on both n- and p-type epilayers of SiC. The bestOhmic contacts to n-type SiC are annealed Ni (&amp;gt;950ºC)with the specific contact resistance of ≈ 8× 10-6Ω cm2with doping concentration of 1.1 × 10-19cm-3while annealed TiW and TiC contacts are thepreferred contacts to p-type SiC. From long-term reliabilitytests at high temperature (500 ºC or 600 ºC) invacuum and oxidizing (20% O2/N2) ambient, TiW contacts with a platinum cappinglayer (Pt/Ti/TiW) had stable specific contact resistances for&amp;gt;300 hours. &lt;b&gt;Keywords&lt;/b&gt;: silicon carbide, Ohmic and Schottky contacts,co-evaporation, current-voltage, capacitance-voltagemeasurement, power devices, nano-particles, Schottky barrierheight lowering, and TLM structures.
Current Techniques of Limb Lengthening (1988)

Limb lengthening is still a major procedure with potentially serious complications. It does not, however, deserve the reputation it gained over the last few years. With a proper understanding of the biology, bio-mechanics, and strategies of lengthening, excellent results can be consistently obtained with relatively few complications.
IL-21R is essential for epicutaneous sensitization and allergic skin inflammation in humans and mice (2008)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic inflammatory skin disease caused by a combination of intense pruritus, scratching, and epicutaneous (e.c.) sensitization with allergens. To explore the roles of IL-21 and IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) in AD, we examined skin lesions from patients with AD and used a mouse model of allergic skin inflammation. IL-21 and IL-21R expression was upregulated in acute skin lesions of AD patients and in mouse skin subjected to tape stripping, a surrogate for scratching. The importance of this finding was highlighted by the fact that both Il21r-/- mice and WT mice treated with soluble IL-21R-IgG2aFc fusion protein failed to develop skin inflammation after e.c. sensitization of tape-stripped skin. Adoptively transferred OVA-specific WT CD4+ T cells accumulated poorly in draining LNs (DLNs) of e.c. sensitized Il21r-/- mice. This was likely caused by both DC-intrinsic and nonintrinsic effects, because trafficking of skin DCs to DLNs was defective in Il21r-/- mice and, to a lesser extent, in WT mice reconstituted with Il21r-/- BM. More insight into this defect was provided by the observation that skin DCs from tape-stripped WT mice, but not Il21r-/- mice, upregulated CCR7 and migrated toward CCR7 ligands. Treatment of epidermal and dermal cells with IL-21 activated MMP2, which has been implicated in trafficking of skin DCs. These results suggest an important role for IL-21R in the mobilization of skin DCs to DLNs and the subsequent allergic response to e.c. introduced antigen.
Structural and functional relationships of heterotrimeric G‐proteins (1995)

Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) are a critical component of signal transduction pathways that carry information received at the cell surface to the appropriate cellular effector system, ultimately achieving a specific cellular response. Heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of an alpha-subunit, which contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and intrinsic GTPase activity, and an inseparable beta gamma-subunit complex. G-proteins act to define the specificity by which a receptor regulates a particular intracellular signaling system, as well as to regulate the duration of the signal. A great deal of structural and functional insight into how G-protein-mediated signal transduction occurs has recently been achieved. This review will discuss the structural features of G-proteins, as well as detail the mechanism by which G-proteins interact with receptors and effectors.
Effect of a Prodrug of the Green Tea Polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on the Growth of Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer In Vivo (2008)

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the major and most potent polyphenol compound of green tea that has been shown to have anticancer effects against various types of cancers. In this study, in addition to the EGCG compound, a synthetic derivative, the peracetate of EGCG (EGCG-P), was used to investigate the inhibitory effects on growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer in vivo. The advantage of EGCG-P is that it may act as a prodrug, leading to higher bioavailability than EGCG itself. The aim of our study was to compare the differences between EGCG and EGCG-P on their inhibitory effect on androgen-independent prostate cancer, CWR22R, xenograft model in nude mice. The mice were administrated daily with solvent dimethyl sulfoxide, EGCG, and EGCG-P separately through intraperitoneal injection for 20 days. Tumor volume and body weight of nude mice were recorded daily. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were also measured before and after the treatment. The effects of both EGCG and EGCG-P on tumor cell proliferation were assessed by immunohistochemical (IHC) method using antibodies against Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The apoptotic effect was evaluated by IHC against B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma-2 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay by in situ apoptosis detection kit. Moreover, the potential suppression of angiogenesis by EGCG and EGCG-P on prostate cancer was examined by IHC against CD31. Our results revealed that treatment of EGCG and EGCG-P compounds suppressed the growth of CWR22R xenografts without causing any detectable side effects in nude mice. The suppression of growth of the tumor was correlated with the decrease of serum PSA level together with the reduction in tumor angiogenesis and an increase in apoptosis on prostate cancer cells. The results showed that treatment of EGCG and EGCG-P inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis while promoting apoptosis of the prostate cancer cells in vivo. Our results suggest that EGCG-P may be a more stable and useful compound for increasing the therapeutic anticancer effects in androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Hemagglutination properties of Streptococcus suis (1990)

A total of 49 strains (23 reference strains and 26 field isolates) of Streptococcus suis were tested for their ability to agglutinate erythrocytes from different animal species. Ten different hemagglutination patterns were established. Thirty-three strains (67%) did not agglutinate any of the erythrocytes tested; sixteen strains (33%) agglutinated erythrocytes from one or more animal species. Different strains belonging to the same capsular type presented different hemagglutination patterns. No correlation was found between the tissue origin and/or the virulence (evaluated in 4-week-old mice) of different field isolates and their hemagglutination activity. Hydrophobic surface properties were also evaluated. All S. suis strains studied appeared to possess a hydrophilic cell surface. Morphologically similar fimbriae were observed on hemagglutinating as well as on nonhemagglutinating strains of S. suis. This study provides evidence that certain strains of S. suis possess hemagglutinating properties which do not appear to involve hydrophobic interactions. The possible role of fimbriae in hemagglutination remains unclear.
Platelet-derived growth factor: mechanism of action and relation to oncogenes (1985)

Recent studies of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) have revealed several structural and functional similarities between this growth factor or components linked to its mechanism of action and certain oncogene products: PDGF itself has a structural homology with the transforming protein of simian sarcoma virus, the PDGF receptor has a functional homology (tyrosine kinase activity) with a family of oncogene products, and PDGF induces the expression of the cellular counterparts of myc and fos. In addition, several tumour cell lines have been found to produce PDGF-like growth factors, which may cause autocrine stimulation of growth. We interpret these findings as indicating that regulatory components along the PDGF-dependent mitogenic pathway may have oncogenic properties if they are inappropriately expressed or activated.
Structural Consequences of the Prohibition of Hydrogen Bonding in Copper−Guanidine Systems (2004)

The synthesis and structure of copper(I) complexes supported by N-substituted bicyclic guanidines is described. The N-methyl-substituted bicyclic guanidine 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-1-methyl-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine (hppMe) reacted with copper(I) chloride to afford the ion-pair [Cu(hppMe)(2)][CuCl(2)] (1), a rare example of a compound containing an unsupported Cu...Cu interaction. The analogous reaction with CuI, however, afforded the molecular mu,mu-dihalo-bridged dimer [CuI(hppMe)](2) (2). Inclusion of a trimethylsilyl substituent at nitrogen provided a sufficiently sterically encumbered environment to support a two coordinate copper center in CuCl(hppSiMe(3)) (3). Compounds 1-3 have been fully characterized, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
A universal system to select gene-modified hepatocytes in vivo (2016)

Many genetic and acquired liver disorders are amenable to gene and/or cell therapy. However, the efficiencies of cell engraftment and stable genetic modification are low and often subtherapeutic. In particular, targeted gene modifications from homologous recombination are rare events. These obstacles could be overcome if hepatocytes that have undergone genetic modification were to be selectively amplified or expanded. We describe a universally applicable system for in vivo selection and expansion of gene-modified hepatocytes in any genetic background. In this system, the therapeutic transgene is coexpressed with a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) that confers modified hepatocytes with resistance to drug-induced toxicity. An shRNA against the tyrosine catabolic enzyme 4-OH-phenylpyruvate dioxygenase protected hepatocytes from 4-[(2-carboxyethyl)-hydroxyphosphinyl]-3-oxobutyrate, a small-molecule inhibitor of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase. To select for specific gene targeting events, the protective shRNA was embedded in a microRNA and inserted into a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector designed to integrate site-specifically into the highly active albumin locus. After selection of the gene-targeted cells, transgene expression increased 10- to 1000-fold, reaching supraphysiological levels of human factor 9 protein (50,000 ng/ml) in mice. This drug resistance system can be used to achieve therapeutically relevant transgene levels in hepatocytes in any setting.
Clinical practice recommendations for depression (2009)

These up-to-date recommendations provide an evidence-based framework that incorporates clinical wisdom and consideration of individual factors in the management of depression. Further, the novel style and practical approach should promote uptake and implementation.
Nucleosidic Phosphoramidite Synthesis via Phosphitylation:  Activator Selection and Process Development (2005)

Nucleosidic phosphoramidites are key building blocks for the automated, solid supported syntheses of oligonucleotide-based drugs. A safe, industrially viable process for preparing nucleosidic phosphoramidites 5-Me-MOE-U and MOE-A has been developed and utilized on multikilogram scales. The optimization of this process is described in detail. Emphasis is placed on the search for activators to replace the hazardous 1H-tetrazole, the development of an extractive workup, and the advancement of a precipitation method to avoid both chromatographic purification and product foaming issues.
Using Wearable Video Technology to Build a Point-of-View Surgical Education Library (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Endothelin-1, Endothelin-A- and Endothelin-B-receptor expression in preinvasive and invasive breast disease (2004)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is overexpressed in breast carcinomas and influences via its receptors (ETAR and ETBR) transformation, differentiation and growth processes in the human breast, but little is known about the ET expression in breast cancer precursors. On this basis we evaluated the expression of ET-1, ETAR and ETBR in a series of breast carcinomas, ductal (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and normal breast tissue by immunohistochemical (IH) methods. IH staining of ET-1, ETAR and ETBR was performed in 88 invasive breast carcinomas, with adjacent carcinoma in situ and concomitant normal breast tissue. Moderate or strong cytoplasmic immunostaining was observed for ET-1 in 33.3%, for ETAR in 45.3% and for ETBR in 55.7% of invasive breast carcinomas. Comparative analysis of invasive cancer (CA), concomitant carcinoma in situ (CIS) and normal breast epithelium (NBE) revealed a stepwise increase of ET-1 and ETAR expression in the sequence NBE < CIS < CA. ETBR expression tended to be slightly higher in CIS than in CA (NBE versus CIS and NBE versus CA, for ETAR and ETBR, p<0.001, respectively; NBE versus CA for ET-1, p=0.035). Our data suggest that the expression of ET-1, ETAR and ETBR correlates with the acquisition of malignant potential and may be used as a prognostic indicator of aggressive behaviour and invasive potential of premalignant breast lesions.
Evaluation of a non-invasive respiratory monitoring system for sleeping subjects (1999)

In a previous paper we introduced a non-invasive respiratory monitoring system (NIRMS) for monitoring respiratory movements during sleep. Unlike standard sleep laboratory methods, the NIRMS can be used in frail older adults to describe breathing patterns during sleep that will mark individuals with declining neurological function. The present study evaluates the use of the NIRMS as a respiratory monitor and identifies variables that can reliably detect changes in breathing patterns and the presence of other body movements. Data were obtained from eleven healthy adults (six women, five men) whose body mass indices ranged from 20 to 47 kg m(-2), and whose baseline respiratory rates ranged from 4 to 19 breaths per minute. We evaluated three variables derived from frequency and amplitude measurements of the NIRMS: (1) the interval between breathing cycles (the interbreath interval or IBI); (2) the period between breathing cycles (the interbreath frequency or IBF); and (3) the amplitude of breath cycles (AMP). The frequency of NIRMS waveform deflections correlated highly with the frequency of visually observed chest movements (r = 0.99). Compared with a subject's baseline, a standard deviation of IBI > 3.0 s consistently identified time segments with three or more apnoeic events. The IBF and AMP differentiated respiratory from other body movements. An IBF > 20 cycles/s or an AMP > 0.4 V identified experimentally introduced body movements much more accurately than wrist accelerometry (NIRMS detected 99% of events, kappa = 0.90; WA detected 50%, kappa = 0.70). These findings support the use of the NIRMS in monitoring changes in breathing patterns during sleep, especially in frail and cognitively impaired subjects.
MiR-204 inhibits human NSCLC metastasis through suppression of NUAK1 (2014)

Our results indicate that NUAK1 is excessively expressed in NSCLC and plays important roles in NSCLC invasion. The miR-204 acts as a tumour suppressor by inhibiting NUAK1 expression in NSCLC. Both NUAK1 and miR-204 may serve as potential targets of NSCLC therapy.
Factors Affecting Proppant Flowback with Resin Coated Proppants (1995)

ABSTRACT Resin coated proppants (RCP's) have been used to prevent proppant flowback for several years in the hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells. Proppant flowback problems, however, still exist with the commercially available RCP's and several operators report failures around the world under a variety of well conditions. To date, a clear explanation of the RCP failure mechanisms and the conditions under which failure occurs has not been presented in the industry. A correlation between the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of RCP materials and the proppant flowback potential has been previously presented by Vreeburg, et al11. This paper will present the results of a study on a variety of factors which effect the proppant flowback of a number of commercially available RCP materials. These factors include 1) the effect of fluid pH (7 to 12) and fluid type (KCL, seawater and a HPG/Borate fracturing fluid), 2) the effect of fluid/proppant slurry shear, 3) the effect of closure pressure during RCP curing, 4) the effect of stress cycling and 5) the effect of downhole flow conditions on proppant flowback.
Rapid prototyping of paper‐based microfluidics with wax for low‐cost, portable bioassay (2009)

Here we present a simple and low-cost production method to generate paper-based microfluidic devices with wax for portable bioassay. The wax patterning method we introduced here included three different ways: (i) painting with a wax pen, (ii) printing with an inkjet printer followed by painting with a wax pen, (iii) printing by a wax printer directly. The whole process was easy to operate and could be finished within 5-10 min without the use of a clean room, UV lamp, organic solvent, etc. Horse radish peroxidase, BSA and glucose assays were conducted to verify the performance of wax-patterned paper.
Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Risk for Hepatocellular Cancer, Based on Systematic Review (2012)

This systematic review shows that despite several limitations, there is epidemiologic evidence to support an association between NAFLD or NASH and an increased risk of HCC; risk seems to be limited to individuals with cirrhosis.
Endoscopic Findings in the Stomach and Duodenum after Treatment with Enteric-Coated and Plain Naproxen Tablets in Healthy Subjects (1990)

To compare the damaging effect of enteric-coated and plain naproxen tablets on the gastric and duodenal mucosa, 12 healthy subjects were studied before and after 2 7-day treatment periods in a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, crossover trial. Both preparations of the drug caused mucosal lesions, but the extent of the damage was significantly less in the stomach and duodenum after enteric-coated than after plain naproxen tablets. The subjects, however, did not have a preference for either preparation. The morning plasma naproxen concentration was significantly higher after treatment with enteric-coated naproxen than after treatment with plain tablets. The results of the study indicate that naproxen damages the mucosa of the stomach and duodenum through local and systemic effects. The local effect seems to be the more important and can at least be partially prevented by enteric-coating of the tablets.
Butyrate kinase from Clostridium acetobutylicum. (1987)

Crude extracts of Clostridium acetobutylicum contain a butyrate kinase of high specific activity (5.2 mumol/min/mg of protein). The enzyme has been purified 77-fold in a six-step procedure to a specific activity of 402 mumol/min/mg of protein. The purified butyrate kinase showed a single band with a molecular weight of 85,000 on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the enzyme is a dimer of two apparently identical subunits with molecular weights of 39,000. The pH optimum for the reaction in the butyryl phosphate-forming direction is 7.5, and the pI of the kinase is 5.6. The amino acid composition of the enzyme is also reported. It contains no tryptophan and is low in sulfur-containing amino acids. The kinase has a broad substrate specificity and exhibits its highest relative activities with butyrate and valerate. Butyrate kinase is rapidly inactivated at 50 degrees C in the absence of a fatty acid substrate. Although a reducing agent was required for maximum activity, treatment with several sulfhydryl-modifying agents failed to inhibit the enzyme.