gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A NEW PARADIGM FOR THE PERSONALIZED DELIVERY OF IODINATED CONTRAST MATERIAL AT CARDIOTHORACIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY (2010)

In North America more than 40 million doses of iodinated X-Ray contrast medium are delivered to patients undergoing CT imaging every year. This particular pharmaceutical is necessary to enable Computed Tomography of soft tissue, tumors, and vasculature. Very few of the contrast enhanced procedures are performed with the dose of the drug tailored to the individual patient or procedure and nearly every patient receives the same dose of contrast material. This dissertation presents a methodology to allow the routine administration of a personalized dose of contrast material to generate contrast enhancement sufficient for diagnosis during cardiothoracic CT Angiography imaging. Parameter estimation of a patient specific model is performed using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) with data generated from the scanner during a pre-diagnostic "test" injection of contrast agent. A non-parametric system identification technique, using the truncated Singular Value Decomposition, is also developed for deriving a patient specific prediction of contrast enhancement. The MLE technique produces contrast enhancement predictions with less error than the tSVD method. It is also shown that the MLE method is less sensitive to data length and has greater noise immunity. A novel, patient-specific contrast protocol generation algorithm is also presented. It is based upon a constrained minimization (Sequential Quadratic Programming) that enforces constraints on the input parameters while minimizing the volume of contrast sufficient to achieve a prospectively chosen enhancement target. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) numeric model is developed and used to validate the contrast prediction and protocol generation techniques. Finally, a novel, instrumented, flow phantom is developed and used to validate the identification and protocol generation techniques.
The C‐terminal domain of the toxic fragment of a Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein determines receptor binding (1991)

The insecticidal crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis show a high degree of specificity. In vitro binding studies with several crystal proteins demonstrated a correlation between toxicity and binding to receptors of larval midgut epithelial cells. In order to study the domain-function relationships of the toxic fragment, hybrid crystal proteins based on CryIA(b) and CryIC were constructed. Two out of 11 hybrid proteins constructed exhibited insecticidal activity. Both dispalyed an insecticidal spectrum similar to that of the parental crystal protein from which the C-terminal part of the toxic fragment originated. In addition, in vitro binding studies directly demonstrated the involvement of the C-terminal part of the toxic fragment in receptor binding. These results demonstrate that the C-terminal part of the toxic fragment determines specific receptor binding, which in turn determines, to a large extent, the insect specificity.
T-Cell Engineering For “off-The-shelf” Adoptive Immunotherapy (2013)

Abstract Adoptive T-cell therapies, where exogenous expression of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) confers cancer recognition, have shown significant promise in initial clinical trials. However, present adoptive immunotherapy Methods are limited by the need for manipulation of autologous patient T-cells. To permit such an approach in an allogeneic context, Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENTM) have been used to simultaneously inactivate the endogenous T cell receptor and CD52, a cellular target for a lymphodepleting treatment. This approach reduces the risk of GVHD while permitting proliferation and activity of the introduced T lymphocytes in the presence of the immunosuppressive drug alemtuzumab. Electroporation of primary T cells with mRNA coding for the appropriate TALENTM result in double knock-out (dKO) frequencies of up to 70%. Furthermore, functional characterization demonstrates that the dKO cells are resistant to complement dependent lysis or in vivo depletion by alemtuzumab, and show no apparent potential for TCR-mediated activation. Finally, endowing the dKO cells with a CD19 CAR supports their capacity to kill CD19+ tumor targets as efficiently as unedited T-cells both in vitro and in vivo. Disclosures: Poirot: CELLECTIS THERAPEUTICS: Employment. Schiffer-Mannioui:CELLECTIS THERAPEUTICS: Employment. Philip:UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom: Employment. Derniame:CELLECTIS THERAPEUTICS: Employment. Gouble:CELLECTIS THERAPEUTICS: Employment. Chion-Sotinel:CELLECTIS THERAPEUTICS: Employment. Le Clerre:CELLECTIS THERAPEUTICS: Employment. Lemaire:CELLECTIS THERAPEUTICS: Employment. Grosse:CELLECTIS THERAPEUTICS: Employment. Cheung:UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom: Employment. Arnould:CELLECTIS THERAPEUTICS: Employment. Smith:CELLECTIS THERAPEUTICS: Employment. Pule:UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom: Employment. Scharenberg:CELLECTIS THERAPEUTICS: Employment.
[Heart rate variability before and after coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with ischemic heart disease]. (2002)

Short term heart rate variability (HRV) was studied in 44 patients before, in 2 weeks and 2 months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Prior to surgery the patients were divided into 2 groups: with normal and substantially lowered HRV parameters. In 2 weeks after CABG lowering of HRV was registered in all patients. In 2 months parameters of HRV returned to preoperative level almost in all patients but did not exceed it despite restoration of coronary blood flow and improvement of myocardial contractility. Intergroup differences of characteristics of HRV remained the same as before CABG.
Three‐dimensional amide proton transfer MR imaging of gliomas: Initial experience and comparison with gadolinium enhancement (2013)

The proposed three-dimensional APT imaging sequence can be incorporated into standard brain MRI protocols for patients with malignant gliomas.
Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy (2015)

This review is the most comprehensive summary of the evidence assessing the benefits and harms of intermittent iron supplementation in pregnant women on haematological and pregnancy outcomes. Findings suggest that intermittent regimens produced similar maternal and infant outcomes as daily supplementation but were associated with fewer side effects and reduced the risk of high levels of Hb in mid and late pregnancy, although the risk of mild anaemia near term was increased. While the quality of the evidence was assessed as low or very low, intermittent may be a feasible alternative to daily iron supplementation among those pregnant women who are not anaemic and have adequate antenatal care.
Interaction of angiotensin peptides and zinc metal ions probed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (1994)

Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry experiments were used to provide evidence regarding the sites of interactions between zinc metal ions and angiotensin peptides. The electrospray ionization mass spectra of histidine-containing human angiotensin II (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe) and angiotensin I (Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu) in the presence of zinc show abundant multiply charged ions for the zinc-attached peptide [M + aZn(2+) +(c - 2a)H(+)](c+), where a = 1, 2 and c is charge. From collisionally activated dissociation experiments, with both low energy (triple quadrupole mass spectrometry) and high energy collisions (linked scan at constant B/E with a double focusing instrument) of the [M + Zn](2+) and [M + Zn + H](3+) ions for angiotensin II, a [b 6 + Zn](2+) species is produced as the most abundant product ion, suggesting that the zinc interaction site is in the vicinity of the His(6) residue. Additionally, tandem mass spectra from the zinc-attached ions for angiotensin I show abundant [b 6 + Zn](2+) and [b 9 + Zn](2+) products, providing evidence that both His(6) and His(9) are involved in zinc coordination.
Multivalent Neoglycoconjugates by Regiospecific Cycloaddition of Alkynes and Azides Using Organic-Soluble Copper Catalysts (2003)

[reaction: see text] The construction of multivalent neoglycoconjugates is efficiently achieved by the regiospecific catalytic cycloaddition of alkynes and azides using the organic-soluble copper complexes (Ph(3)P)(3).CuBr and (EtO)(3)P.CuI. The simultaneous use of microwave irradiation shortened notably the reaction times.
Randomised clinical trial: a liquid multi-strain probiotic vs. placebo in the irritable bowel syndrome - a 12 week double-blind study (2014)

The multi-strain probiotic was associated with a statistically significant improvement in overall symptom severity in patients with IBS, and was well tolerated. These results suggest this probiotic confers benefit in IBS and deserves further investigation (ISRCTN identifier: 77512412).
The future of information networks and distributed applications (2002)

Information and telecommunications service are a critical and important component of the global economy; expertise in this domain gives a competitive advantage in the global marketplace. The guiding vision for information networks is a system which enables users to access all the information they need, when they need it, and where they need it. For this vision to become reality and revolutionize the way we conduct our daily lives and business, network technology, user accessibility and content handling tools must be developed in an integrated fashion. Operations and management functions must be developed and tested in order to achieve reliable operation of the infrastructure, manage the information appliances, and maintain quality of services along with the necessary privacy and security. Lack of a common user interface could turn the vision of an information services network into a catastrophic nightmare with users unable or unwilling to use new services and products. As a final point, if is clear that video will play a dominant role in most applications and will fuel the growth of a service market which includes entertainment, health care, education, commerce, and manufacturing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preparation of silica aerogel using ionic liquids as solvents (2000)

Ionic liquids have been used as effective solvents to synthesize aerogels; a long aging time can be used to produce stable aerogel structures without the need for supercritical drying processes.
Optical coherence angiography (2006)

Noninvasive angiography is demonstrated for the in vivo human eye. Three-dimensional flow imaging has been performed with high-speed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Sample motion is compensated by two algorithms. Axial motion between adjacent A-lines within one OCT image is compensated by the Doppler shift due to bulk sample motion. Axial displacements between neighboring images are compensated by a correlation-based algorithm. Three-dimensional vasculature of ocular vessels has been visualized. By integrating volume sets of flow images, two-dimensional images of blood vessels are obtained. Retinal and choroidal blood vessel images are simultaneously obtained by separating the volume set into retinal part and choroidal parts. These are corresponding to fluorescein angiogram and indocyanine angiogram.
Efficient Synthesis of Oligo-N-methylpyrrolecarboxamides and Relateed Compounds (1988)

1-Methyl-4-nitro-2-rrichloroacetylpyrrol I , a new precursor for the syntheses of oligo-N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide antibiotics and their analogues, was prepared with facility.The versatility of 2 was demonstrated by the syntheses of oligopeptides 16-19.1-Methyl-4-nitro-2-triehlor~a~etylimidazole 5 was also prepared for a precursor of oligo-N-methylimidae01ecarboxamidds. 1 2 Netropsin 1 and distamycin 2 that contain N-methylpyrrolecarboxamides belong to a well k n o w class of oligopeptide antitumor antibiotics called "Lexitropsins".Preferential binding of these peprides in the minor groove of double-helical DNA at specific AT-rich regions in a non-intercalarive fashion has been the subject of X-ray crystal log rap hi^^'^ and physico-chemical3s5 investigations.In the pasc decade.Dervan and co-workers have demonstrated that higher numbers of Nm e t h y l p y r r o l e ~a r b o ~~i n i d e s in synthetic oligopeptides fit the natural twist of the B-DNA helix with increased sequence specif~city.~'~Recently, Dickerson and co-workers examined the structural requirements for the molecular recognition of the peptides and predicted that the replacement of one or more pyrrole rings by imidazole or other appropriate heterocycle, should result in a rational alteration of base recognition from AT to GC.' Lown and eo-workers have synthesized these novel oligopeptide analogues and confirmed the prediction.'
Inhibition of erythropoietin production in vitro by human interferon gamma (1994)

The effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), alone and in combination with IL-1, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), on in vitro erythropoietin (Epo) production by the human hepatoma Hep3B cell line were evaluated. The addition of IFN-gamma to either unstimulated or cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-treated Hep3B cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of Epo release in the medium by as much as 70% at 1000 U/ml. Half-maximal inhibition was observed at around 50 U/ml. According to previous observations, IL-6 had a stimulatory effect on Epo production by CoCl2-treated Hep3B cells; however, the simultaneous addition of IFN-gamma and IL-6 resulted in a reversal of the stimulatory effects due to IL-6. IFN-gamma and IL-1 had an additive inhibitory effect, whereas IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha acted in a synergistic fashion in inhibiting Epo production by Hep3B cells. The inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma appeared to be due to a down-modulation of Epo mRNA levels in CoCl2-treated Hep3B cells, as shown by Northern blot analysis. These data indicate that Epo production by hepatoma cells in vitro is inhibited by IFN-gamma, and that a complex network of interacting cytokines may regulate Epo production in response to an hypoxic stimulus. Overall, these results also suggest that IFN-gamma might have a role in the defective Epo production observed in several inflammatory and immunemediated disorders characterized by relatively high IFN-gamma plasma levels.
Facile Synthesis of 3-Substituted Chromones from an Enaminoketone. (1994)

Utilizing an enaminoketone (1) as starting material, 3-substituted chromones were synthesized by the reactions of acid anhydrides derivatives under mild conditions.
Overexpression of the p80 TNF receptor leads to TNF-dependent apoptosis, nuclear factor-kappa B activation, and c-Jun kinase activation. (1998)

Because they have distinct intracellular domains, it has been proposed that the p60 and p80 forms of the TNF receptor mediate different signals. Several signaling proteins have been isolated that associate with either the p60 or the p80 receptor. By using TNF muteins specific to the p60 and p80 receptors, we have previously shown that cytotoxicity and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation are mediated through the p60 form of the endogenous receptor. What signals are mediated through the p80 receptor is less clear. This study was an effort to answer that question. HeLa cells, which express only p60 receptors, were transfected with p80 receptor cDNA and then examined for apoptosis, NF-kappa B activation, and c-Jun kinase activation induced by TNF and by p60 or p80 receptor-specific muteins. The p80 mutein, like TNF and the p60 mutein, induced apoptosis and activation of NF-kappa B and c-Jun kinase in cells overexpressing recombinant p80 receptor but had no effect on cells expressing a high level of endogenous p80 receptor. The apoptosis mediated through the p60 receptor was also potentiated after overexpression of the p80 receptor, suggesting a synergistic relationship between the two receptors. Interestingly, Abs to the p80 receptor blocked apoptosis induced by all ligands but by itself activated NF-kappa B in the p80-transfected cells. Overall, our results show that the p80 receptor, which lacks the death domain, mediated apoptosis, NF-kappa B activation, and c-Jun kinase activation, but only when it was overexpressed, whereas endogenous p60 receptor mediated similar signals without overexpression.
Nitroxide Sod-Mimics: Modes of Action (1991)

Low molecular weight superoxide dismutase mimics have been shown to afford protection from oxidative damage. Such SOD-mimics can readily permeate cell membrane achieving sufficiently high levels both inside and outside the cell to effectively detoxify intracellular O2-.. Preliminary findings also indicated that metal-based and metal-free SOD-mimics can protect hypoxic cells from H2O2-induced damage. The present study explored the possibility that SOD-mimics such as desferrioxamine-Mn(III) chelate [DF-Mn] or cyclic nitroxide stable free radicals could protect from O2-.-independent damage. Killing of monolayered V79 Chinese hamster cells was induced by H2O2 or by t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and assayed clonogenically. Neither catalase nor native SOD protected the cells from t-BHP. In contrast, both DF-Mn and cyclic nitroxides protected suggesting cytotoxic processes independent of O2-. or of O2-.-derived active species. The inhibition of the damage by both metal-free and metal-based SOD mimics is attributable to either SOD-mimic reacting with reduced transition metal to block the Fenton reaction and/or intercepting and detoxifying intracellular organic free radicals.
Expression of VEGFR-2 and AC133 by circulating human CD34+ cells identifies a population of functional endothelial precursors (2000)

Emerging data suggest that a subset of circulating human CD34(+) cells have phenotypic features of endothelial cells. Whether these cells are sloughed mature endothelial cells or functional circulating endothelial precursors (CEPs) is not known. Using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to the extracellular domain of the human vascular endothelial receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), we have shown that 1.2 +/- 0.3% of CD34(+) cells isolated from fetal liver (FL), 2 +/- 0.5% from mobilized peripheral blood, and 1.4 +/- 0.5% from cord blood were VEGFR-2(+). In addition, most CD34(+)VEGFR-2(+) cells express hematopoietic stem cell marker AC133. Because mature endothelial cells do not express AC133, coexpression of VEGFR-2 and AC133 on CD34(+) cells phenotypically identifies a unique population of CEPs. CD34(+)VEGFR-2(+) cells express endothelial-specific markers, including VE-cadherin and E-selectin. Also, virtually all CD34(+)VEGFR-2(+) cells express the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and migrate in response to stromal-derived factor (SDF)-1 or VEGF. To quantitate the plating efficiency of CD34(+) cells that give rise to endothelial colonies, CD34(+) cells derived from FL were incubated with VEGF and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. Subsequent isolation and plating of nonadherent FL-derived VEGFR-2(+) cells with VEGF and FGF-2 resulted in differentiation of AC133(+ )VEGFR-2(+) cells into adherent AC133(-)VEGFR-2(+)Ac-LDL(+ )(acetylated low-density lipoprotein) colonies (plating efficiency of 3%). In an in vivo human model, we have found that the neo-intima formed on the surface of left ventricular assist devices is colonized with AC133(+)VEGFR-2(+) cells. These data suggest that circulating CD34(+) cells expressing VEGFR-2 and AC133 constitute a phenotypically and functionally distinct population of circulating endothelial cells that may play a role in neo-angiogenesis.
A Distinct Subgroup of Small DRG Cells Express GDNF Receptor Components and GDNF Is Protective for These Neurons after Nerve Injury (1998)

Several lines of evidence suggest that neurotrophin administration may be of some therapeutic benefit in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy. However, a third of sensory neurons do not express receptors for the neurotrophins. These neurons are of small diameter and can be identified by the binding of the lectin IB4 and the expression of the enzyme thiamine monophosphatase (TMP). Here we show that these neurons express the receptor components for glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signaling (RET, GFRalpha-1, and GFRalpha-2). In lumbar dorsal root ganglia, virtually all IB4-labeled cells express RET mRNA, and the majority of these cells (79%) also express GFRalpha-1, GFRalpha-2, or GFRalpha-1 plus GFRalpha-2. GDNF, but not nerve growth factor (NGF), can prevent several axotomy-induced changes in these neurons, including the downregulation of IB4 binding, TMP activity, and somatostatin expression. GDNF also prevents the slowing of conduction velocity that normally occurs after axotomy in a population of small diameter DRG cells and the A-fiber sprouting into lamina II of the dorsal horn. GDNF therefore may be useful in the treatment of peripheral neuropathies and may protect peripheral neurons that are refractory to neurotrophin treatment.
Release of N‐Acetylaspartylglutamate on Depolarization of Rat Brain Slices (1988)

In a great number of investigations, evidence in favor of a neurotransmitter role of the N-terminal-blocked, acidic dipeptide N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) has been accumulating. In fact, in some systems of the mammalian brain, almost all of the classical criteria for neurotransmitters have been fulfilled by NAAG except for the demonstration of its release from nervous tissue on depolarization. For quantification of NAAG in superfusates of brain slices, we have developed an analytical procedure consisting of an ion exchange prepurification, followed by a derivatization procedure and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with chemical ionization and selected ion monitoring. Deuterated NAAG was used as an internal standard to provide a high degree of reliability for the analytical method. Detection limits of less than 1 pmol were achieved. A statistically highly significant increase of NAAG concentration in superfusates from rat neocortex, piriform cortex/amygdala, and hippocampus on depolarization with 50 mM K+ could be demonstrated and was shown to be largely Ca2+ dependent. These results support the hypothesis that NAAG is a neurotransmitter. Especially with respect to the piriform cortex, the present demonstration of NAAG release is consistent with electrophysiological and immunohistochemical evidence for its neurotransmitter function at terminals of the lateral olfactory tract.
Interp-SUM: Unsupervised Video Summarization with Piecewise Linear Interpolation (2021)

This paper addresses the problem of unsupervised video summarization. Video summarization helps people browse large-scale videos easily with a summary from the selected frames of the video. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised video summarization method with piecewise linear interpolation (Interp-SUM). Our method aims to improve summarization performance and generate a natural sequence of keyframes with predicting importance scores of each frame utilizing the interpolation method. To train the video summarization network, we exploit a reinforcement learning-based framework with an explicit reward function. We employ the objective function of the exploring under-appreciated reward method for training efficiently. In addition, we present a modified reconstruction loss to promote the representativeness of the summary. We evaluate the proposed method on two datasets, SumMe and TVSum. The experimental result showed that Interp-SUM generates the most natural sequence of summary frames than any other the state-of-the-art methods. In addition, Interp-SUM still showed comparable performance with the state-of-art research on unsupervised video summarization methods, which is shown and analyzed in the experiments of this paper.