gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The obtaining of an anti-human CD40 mono-clonal antibody with special functions and the analysis of it's biological effects (1999)

objective : To prepare mouse anti-human CD40 antigen functional monoclonal antibody and to further study it's biological effects by triggering the Cd40 molecules on B cells and dendritic cells(DCs) Methods: Using cell fusion, McAb screening immunofluorescence analysis immunoblotting and competition test obtain mouse anti-human CD40 McAb;by the proliferation assay of B cells and DCsand the analysis of expression of differentiation antigens on DCs. Results: On the basis of phenotype analysis, Western blotting and competition test, it is verified that 5Cll recognizes human CD40 antigens specially; 5Cll can augement the proliferation of tonsil B cells in the LCD32cells and IL-4 culturing system; 5Cll can medicate DCs to get proliferation and maturatio. Conclusion: 5Cll+LCD32 +IL4 can make tonsil resting B cells survive and long-term proliferate in vitro, the setup of CD40 System furnish necessary tool for the study of B cells; McAb5Cll also triggered the generation, proliferation and maturation of dendritic cells from peripheral blood monocytes. Thus 5Cll is a McAb withspecial function and important application value.
Authorizing applications in singularity (2007)

We describe a new design for authorization in operating systems in which applications are first-class entities. In this design, principals reflect application identities. Access control lists are patterns that recognize principals. We present a security model that embodies this design in an experimental operating system, and we describe the implementation of our design and its performance in the context of this operating system.
High-efficiency DC/DC converter with high voltage gain (2005)

A high-efficiency converter with high voltage gain applied to a step-up power conversion is presented. In the proposed strategy, a high magnetising current charges the primary winding of the coupled inductor, and the clamped capacitor is discharged to the auxiliary capacitor when the switch is turned on. In contrast, the magnetising current flows continuously to boost the voltage in the secondary winding of the coupled inductor, and the voltages across the secondary winding of the coupled inductor, the clamped capacitor and the auxiliary capacitor are connected in series to charge the output circuit. Thus, the related voltage gain is higher than in conventional converter circuits. Moreover, this scheme has soft-switching and voltage-clamped properties, i.e. the switch is turned on under zero-current switching and its sustainable voltage is comparatively lower than the output voltage, so that it can select low-voltage low-conduction-loss devices and there are no reverse-recovery currents within the diodes in this circuit. In addition, closed-loop control methodology is utilised in the proposed scheme to overcome the voltage drift problem of the power source under the load variations. As a result, the proposed converter topology can promote the voltage gain for a conventional boost converter with a single inductor, and deal with the problem of the leakage inductor and demagnetisation of the transformer for a coupled-inductor-based converter. Some experimental results via examples of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell power source and a traditional battery are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed power conversion strategy.
Polarized distribution of glucose transporter isoforms in Caco-2 cells. (1992)

We have examined the expression and cellular location of facilitated glucose transporter proteins (GLUT1, -3, and -5) in a human colonic epithelial cell line (Caco-2) by using peptide-specific antibodies. A differential cellular distribution of these transporters was observed in differentiated (greater than 14 days postconfluence) Caco-2 cells by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. GLUT1 was localized primarily to the basolateral membrane, whereas GLUT3 was predominantly localized to the apical membrane. GLUT5, which was detected in only approximately 40% of fully differentiated Caco-2 cells, was found primarily in the apical membrane but was also present in both basolateral and intracellular membranes. A Na(+)-independent glucose transport system in the apical membrane of Caco-2 cells has been described previously [Blais, A., Bissonnette, A. & Berteloot, A. (1987) J. Membr. Biol. 99, 113-125], and we propose that GLUT3 mediates this process. The amino acid sequence identity (57%) and structural conservation between GLUT1 and GLUT3 may make these transporters an ideal model system for examining the molecular basis for polarized sorting of membrane proteins.
Microbial Risk Indicators of Early Childhood Caries (2005)

The aim of this study was to use molecular identification methods, such as 16S RNA gene sequence and reverse-capture checkerboard hybridization, for identification of the bacteria associated with dental caries and with dental health in a subset of 204 twins aged 1.5 to 7 years old. A total of 448 plaque samples (118 collected from caries-free subjects and 330 from caries-active subjects) were used for analysis. We compared the bacteria found in biofilms of children exhibiting severe dental caries, with different degrees of lesion severity, with those found in biofilms of caries-free children. A panel of 82 bacterial species was selected, and a PCR-based reverse-capture checkerboard method was used for detection. A simple univariate test was used to determine the overabundance and underabundance of bacterial species in the diseased and in the healthy groups. Features identified with this univariate test were used to construct a probabilistic disease prediction model. Furthermore, a method for the analysis of global patterns of gene expression was performed to permit simultaneous analysis of the abundance of significant species by allowing cross-bacterial comparisons of abundance profiles between caries-active and caries-free subjects. Our results suggested that global patterns of microbial abundance in this population are very distinctive. The top bacterial species found to be overabundant in the caries-active group were Actinomyces sp. strain B19SC, Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus spp., which exhibited an inverse relationship to beneficial bacterial species, such as Streptococcus parasanguinis, Abiotrophia defectiva, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus sanguinis.
β-Arylglutaconic Acids. IV.1 Synthesis of Crotono- and Valerolactones of β-Arylglutaconic and Glutaric Acids (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTβ-Arylglutaconic Acids. IV.1 Synthesis of Crotono- and Valerolactones of β-Arylglutaconic and Glutaric AcidsJ. J. NERURKAR, R. N. JOSHI, V. N. MARATHE, G. S. PHADKE, and V. M. BHAVECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 9, 1491–1495Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01079a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01079a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Species and Recombination Effects on DNA Variability in the Tomato Genus (2001)

Population genetics theory predicts that strong selection for rare, beneficial mutations or against frequent, deleterious mutations reduces polymorphism at linked neutral (or weakly selected) sites. The reduction of genetic variation is expected to be more severe when recombination rates are lower. In outbreeding species, low recombination rates are usually confined to certain chromosomal regions, such as centromeres and telomeres. In contrast, in predominantly selfing species, the rarity of double heterozygotes leads to a reduced effective recombination rate in the whole genome. We investigated the effects of restricted recombination on DNA polymorphism in these two cases, analyzing five Lycopersicon species with contrasting mating systems: L. chilense, L. hirsutum, L. peruvianum, L. chmielewskii, and L. pimpinellifolium, of which only the first three species have self-incompatibility alleles. In each species, we determined DNA sequence variation of five single-copy genes located in chromosomal regions with either high or low recombination rate. We found that the mating system has a highly significant effect on the level of polymorphism, whereas recombination has only a weak influence. The effect of recombination on levels of polymorphism in Lycopersicon is much weaker than in other well-studied species, including Drosophila. To explain these observations, we discuss a number of hypotheses, invoking selection, recombination, and demographic factors associated with the mating system. We also provide evidence that L. peruvianum, showing a level of polymorphism (almost 3%) that is comparable to the level of divergence in the whole genus, is the ancestral species from which the other species of the genus Lycopersicon have originated relatively recently.
Demonstration of superconducting micromachined cavities (2015)

Superconducting enclosures will be key components of scalable quantum computing devices based on circuit quantum electrodynamics. Within a densely integrated device, they can protect qubits from noise and serve as quantum memory units. Whether constructed by machining bulk pieces of metal or microfabricating wafers, 3D enclosures are typically assembled from two or more parts. The resulting seams potentially dissipate crossing currents and limit performance. In this letter, we present measured quality factors of superconducting cavity resonators of several materials, dimensions, and seam locations. We observe that superconducting indium can be a low-loss RF conductor and form low-loss seams. Leveraging this, we create a superconducting micromachined resonator with indium that has a quality factor of two million, despite a greatly reduced mode volume. Inter-layer coupling to this type of resonator is achieved by an aperture located under a planar transmission line. The described techniques demonstrate a proof-of-principle for multilayer microwave integrated quantum circuits for scalable quantum computing.
Knitting and weaving artificial muscles (2017)

A need exists for artificial muscles that are silent, soft, and compliant, with performance characteristics similar to those of skeletal muscle, enabling natural interaction of assistive devices with humans. By combining one of humankind's oldest technologies, textile processing, with electroactive polymers, we demonstrate here the feasibility of wearable, soft artificial muscles made by weaving and knitting, with tunable force and strain. These textile actuators were produced from cellulose yarns assembled into fabrics and coated with conducting polymers using a metal-free deposition. To increase the output force, we assembled yarns in parallel by weaving. The force scaled linearly with the number of yarns in the woven fabric. To amplify the strain, we knitted a stretchable fabric, exhibiting a 53-fold increase in strain. In addition, the textile construction added mechanical stability to the actuators. Textile processing permits scalable and rational production of wearable artificial muscles, and enables novel ways to design assistive devices.
Why is it getting more difficult to successfully artificially inseminate dairy cows? (2008)

Successfully using artificial insemination (AI) is defined as getting cows pregnant when the farmer wants them in-calf and making the best use of appropriate genetic potential. Over the past 30 to 50 years, the percentage of animals in oestrus that stand-to-be-mounted (STBM) has declined from 80% to 50%, and the duration of STBM from 15 h to 5 h; both in parallel with a reduction in first-service-pregnancy-rate from 70% to 40%. Meanwhile, the incidence of lameness and mastitis has not decreased; and it takes more than an extra 40 and 18 days, respectively, to get a lame or mastitic cow in-calf compared to healthy herd-mates. The intensity of oestrus is 50% lower in severely lame cows, and fewer lame cows ovulate. Luteal phase milk progesterone concentrations are also 50% lower in lame cows, and follicular phase oestradiol is also lower in non-ovulating lame cows compared to ovulating animals. Furthermore, lame cows that do not ovulate do not have an LH surge, and the LH pulse frequency in their late follicular phase is lower (0.53 v. 0.76 pulses/h). Thus, we suggest that the stress of lameness reduces LH pulsatility required to drive oestradiol production by the dominant follicle. The consequent low oestradiol results in less-intense oestrus behaviour and failure to initiate an LH surge; hence there is no ovulation. A series of experimental studies substantiate our hypothesis that events activating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis interfere at both the hypothalamus and the pituitary level to disrupt LH and oestradiol secretion, and thus the expression of oestrus behaviour. Our inability to keep stress at a minimum by appropriately feeding and housing high-production cows is leading to a failure to meet genetic potential for yield and fertility. We must provide realistic solutions soon, if we want to successfully use AI to maintain a sustainable dairy industry for the future.
Genetic vaccines protect against Sin Nombre hantavirus challenge in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) (2002)

We used a deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) infection model to test the protective efficacy of genetic vaccine candidates for Sin Nombre (SN) virus that were known to provoke immunological responses in BALB/c mice (Bharadwaj et al., Vaccine 17, 2836-2843, 1999 ). Protective epitopes were localized in each of four overlapping cDNA fragments that encoded portions of the SN virus G1 glycoprotein antigen; the nucleocapsid gene also was protective. The protective efficacy of glycoprotein gene fragments correlated with splenocyte proliferation in the presence of cognate antigen, but none induced neutralizing antibodies. Genetic vaccines against SN virus can protect outbred deer mice from infection even in the absence of a neutralizing antibody response.
The acid phosphatase with optimum pH of 2.5 of Escherichia coli. Physiological and Biochemical study. (1982)

In Escherichia coli, the physiological conditions governing the expression of an acid phosphatase with an optimum pH of 2.5 were determined. By contrast with most enzymes, the synthesis of this phosphatase was turned off in exponentially growing bacteria and started as soon as cultures entered the stationary phase. A starvation for inorganic phosphate resulted in a premature full induction, while carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur limitations were inefficient. In the presence of nonlimiting amounts of inorganic phosphate, however, the transfer of the culture to anaerobic conditions led to an immediate accumulation of the acid phosphatase. Cyclic AMP exerted a strong negative control on the biosynthesis and of this enzyme for which the integrity of both the cya and the crp gene functions was necessary. The acid phosphatase was purified to apparent homogeneity and behaved as a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of about 45,000. It had predominantly a phosphoanhydride phosphatase activity and preferentially hydrolyzed the gamma-phosphoryl residue of GTP (Km = 0.35 mM) and the 5'-beta-phosphoryl residue of ppGpp (Km = 1.8 mM). The corresponding beta-phosphoryl residue of GDP was little hydrolyzed, while CTP, ATP, and UTP were not. The enzyme did not split most phosphomonoesters with the exception of the synthetic substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate (Km = 2.7 mM), 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (Km = 5 mM), and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Km = 5 mM). It was competitively inhibited by tartaric acid and by sodium fluoride (Ki = 60 microM). In addition, it was sensitive to the inhibitor of the translation elongation factor EF-G fusidic acid, and was also strongly inhibited by the triazine dye Cibacron Blue F3GA (Ki = 0.3 microM), suggesting the existence of a site able to recognize nucleotides.
3D Model Acquisition by Tracking 2D Wireframes (2000)

This paper presents a semi-automatic wireframe acquisition system. The system uses real-time (25Hz) tracking of a user specified 2D wireframe and intermittent camera pose parameters to accumulate 3D position information. The 2D tracking framework enables the application of model-based constraints in an intuitive way which interacts naturally with the Kalman filter formulation used. In particular, this is used to introduce feedback from the current 3D shape estimate to improve the robustness of the 2D tracking. The scheme allows wireframe models of simple edge based objects to be built in around 5 minutes.
THE EPHRINS AND EPH RECEPTORS IN NEURAL DEVELOPMENT (1998)

The Eph receptors are the largest known family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Initially all of them were identified as orphan receptors without known ligands, and their specific functions were not well understood. During the past few years, a corresponding family of ligands has been identified, called the ephrins, and specific functions have now been identified in neural development. The ephrins and Eph receptors are implicated as positional labels that may guide the development of neural topographic maps. They have also been implicated in pathway selection by axons, the guidance of cell migration, and the establishment of regional pattern in the nervous system. The ligands are anchored to cell surfaces, and most of the functions so far identified can be interpreted as precise guidance of cell or axon movement. This large family of ligands and receptors may make a major contribution to the accurate spatial patterning of connections and cell position in the nervous system.
Lipid Carriers: A Versatile Delivery Vehicle for Proteins and Peptides (2008)

Lipid based carriers have attracted increasing scientific and commercial attention during the last few years as an alternative material for the delivery of peptides and proteins concerned with stability issues. This article presents an overview of different types of biocompatible and versatile lipid-based carriers employed for the delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides. Such delivery systems are discussed and exemplified regarding both more traditional lipid based delivery systems such as liposomes and lipid emulsions as well as more novel structures, e.g., lipid microtubules, microbubbles, and solid lipid nanoparticles.
Cannabis and Cannabis Extracts (2001)

Abstract A central tenet underlying the use of botanical remedies is that herbs contain many active ingredients. Primary active ingredients may be enhanced by secondary compounds, which act in beneficial synergy. Other herbal constituents may mitigate the side effects of dominant active ingredients. We reviewed the literature concerning medical can-nabis and its primary active ingredient, ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Good evidence shows that secondary compounds in cannabis may enhance the beneficial effects of THC. Other cannabinoid and non-cannabinoid compounds in herbal cannabis or its extracts may reduce THC-induced anxiety, cholinergic deficits, and immunosuppression. Cannabis terpenoids and flavonoids may also increase cerebral blood flow, enhance cortical activity, kill respiratory pathogens, and provide anti-inflammatory activity.
The vascular activity of some isoflavone metabolites: implications for a cardioprotective role (2001)

Legume-derived isoflavones such as genistein, diadzein and equol have been associated with a reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease. In the current study, we explore the vascular activity of several isoflavone metabolites namely dihydrodaidzein, cis and trans-tetrahydrodaidzein and dehydroequol for potential cardioprotective properties. Rat isolated aortic rings were used. 17beta-oestradiol, equol, and all four of the metabolites studied significantly antagonized contractile responses to noradrenaline. The direct vasodilatory action of these compounds were examined and in contrast to 17beta-oestradiol, the vasodilatory effect of which was demonstrated to be endothelium independent, the dilatory action of all four compounds could be inhibited by endothelium denudation. Further, the dilatory action of both dihydrodaidzein and cis-tetrahydrodaidzein were inhibited by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (NOLA), by the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) and by 40 mM KCl. Dilatory responses to dehydroequol and trans-tetrahydrodaidzein, on the other hand, were inhibited by 40 mM KCL but not by NOLA nor ODQ. Finally, we examined the protective potential of these compounds in inhibiting endothelium damage by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Trans-tetrahydrodaidzein was at least 10 fold more potent than 17beta-oestradiol in protecting against ox-LDL induced damage. We conclude that the isoflavone metabolites, dihydrodaidzein, cis- and trans-tetrahydrodaidzein and dehydroequol, may potentially represent a novel series of cardioprotective therapeutics.