gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Disulfide-Containing Phospholipid Analogs for the Preparation of Head Group-Specific Lipid Antigens:  Generation of Phosphatidylserine Antibodies (1998)

In this report, we describe a new approach for the production of lipid antigens that elicit specific immune responses against phosphatidylserine (PS). Because phospholipids are small nonimmunogenic haptens, PS analogs containing activated coupling groups were synthesized and covalently attached to carrier proteins. Sulfhydryl-reactive PS was generated by acylation of 1-oleoyl-2-(aminocaproyl)-phosphatidylcholine with N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate, converted to PS by phospholipase D-catalyzed base exchange with L-serine, and conjugated to carrier proteins by thiol-disulfide exchange. Antisera to these lipid hapten-protein carrier conjugates were developed in rabbits. Antibodies bound PS but not phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) when presented together with PC. Inhibition studies using water-soluble lipid analogs and sonicated vesicles indicated that antibody specificity was directed toward the lipid's polar head group. These antibodies also inhibited the PS-dependent prothrombinase activity assay by approximately 60%. These data show that the covalent coupling of phospholipid haptens to protein carriers via the lipid's fatty acyl side chains preserves its primary head group moiety for the production of specific lipid antibodies.
Introduction (2004)

Abstract This introductory chapter explores the kinds of physiological variation one might expect in insects, including variations among and between individuals, within and among generations, and across various spatial and temporal scales. Recognizing that variation cannot be infinite owing to various constraints such as those of phylogeny, but that it is also not completely constrained, the areas of variation that have been, and might usefully still be explored to understand insect-environment interactions are discussed. Perhaps one of the most interesting modern avenues for work is macrophysiology, or investigations of large-scale variation in physiological traits and its underlying causes and subsequent implications. The remainder of the chapter sets out how integration between mechanism and pattern will be explored in each subsequent chapter.
Applications of fluorescence in the biomedical sciences (1986)

This book contains 30 chapters. Some of the titles are: Fluorescent Probes for Analysis of Cell Structure, Function, and Health by Flow and Imaging Cytometry; New Instrumentation for Sensitive Image Analysis of Fluorescence in Cells and Tissue; Video-Connected Fluorescence Microscopy of Large DNA Molecules, Chromatin, and Chromosomes; and Standing-Wave Fluorescence Microscopy.
Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene for an Arthrobacter beta-(1----3)-glucanase (1986)

When inserted in the correct orientation at the BamHI site of plasmid YRp7, an 8.6-kilobase BamHI fragment of Arthrobacter sp. strain YCWD3 DNA gave Escherichia coli HB101 cells harboring the recombinant plasmid pBX20 the ability to lyse bakers' yeast cell walls or bakers' yeast glucan in agar medium. An extract of the transformed E. coli cells contained an endo-beta-(1----3)-glucanase with the same activity pattern as that of glucanase I produced by Arthrobacter sp. strain YCWD3. Although part of the glucanase activity was contributed by apparently defective molecules, two protein species were found which had high lytic activity on yeast cell walls and adsorbed to microcrystalline cellulose, and both had a single constituent polypeptide with a molecular weight of about 55,000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In these properties the protein species were indistinguishable from those glucanase I protein species of Arthrobacter sp. strain YCWD3 which we believe are nearly the intact molecule. We conclude that the cloned fragment of Arthrobacter sp. strain YCWD3 DNA contains the structural gene for glucanase I. A recombinant plasmid obtained by subcloning a PstI fragment of pBX20 into pBR322 caused the transformed E. coli cells to produce apparently defective glucanase molecules only. This observation serves as additional supporting evidence for our conclusion.
Mutant Analysis Shows that Alanine Racemases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli Are Dimeric (2002)

Alanine racemases are ubiquitous prokaryotic enzymes providing the essential peptidoglycan precursor D-alanine. We present evidence that the enzymes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli function exclusively as homodimers. Moreover, we demonstrate that expression of a K35A Y235A double mutation of dadX in E. coli suppresses bacterial growth in a dominant negative fashion.
In vitro effects of NIPRISAN (Nix‐0699): a naturally occurring, potent antisickling agent (2002)

Among the various potential antisickling agents tested, hydroxyurea (HU) has been the most effective compound used for the treatment of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Although HU is effective in many patients, not all patients respond to this drug. In addition, some patients reveal adverse effects, including myelosuppression. In an attempt to find other effective agents with less adverse effects, we investigated the antisickling effect of NIPRISAN (Nix-0699). We found that Nix-0699, an ethanol/water extract from indigenous plants, has a strong antisickling effect. The concentration of Nix-0699 required to inhibit 50% of erythrocyte sickling was about 0.05 mg/ml. As for the kinetics of polymerization, addition of 0.05 microg/ml Nix-0699 caused a sixfold prolongation of the delay time prior to deoxy-Hb S polymerization when compared with that of untreated Hb S samples. The solubility of deoxy-Hb S significantly increased upon treatment with Nix-0699. Analysis of the effect of Nix-0699 on the Hb S oxygen affinity indicated that the drug slightly shifted the oxygen-dissociation curve of Hb S toward the left without any apparent change in the Hill coefficient. These results suggest that the antisickling properties of Nix-0699 may involve direct interaction with Hb molecules. Incubation of red blood cell (RBC) suspensions with various concentrations of Nix-0699 did not dehydrate RBCs, cause haemolysis, increase the amount of denatured Hb, nor form met-Hb. In view of the outcome of this study, Nix-0699 may be a promising option for the treatment of patients with SCD.
Forecasting Ability of Confidence Indicators: Evidence for the Czech Republic (2012)

This thesis assesses the usefulness of confidence indicators for short term forecasting of the economic activity in the Czech Republic. The predictive power of both the business confidence indicator and the customer confidence indicator is examined using two empirical approaches. First we predict the likelihood of economic downturn defined as a discrete event using logit models, later we estimate GDP growth out of sample forecasts in the framework of vector autoregression models. The results obtained from the downturn probability models confirm the ability of confidence indicators (especially the business confidence indicator) to estimate the current economic situation and to anticipate economic downturn one quarter ahead. Results from the out-of-sample GDP growth value forecasting are ambiguous. Nevertheless the customer confidence indicator significantly improved original forecasts based on a model with standard macroeconomic variables and therefore we conclude in favour of its predictive power. This result was indirectly confirmed by OECD as the Czech customer confidence indicator has been included as a new component in the OECD domestic composite leading indicator since April 2012.
Immune response to hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg): localization of T cell recognition sites within HBcAg/HBeAg. (1987)

Hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid particles (HBcAg) can function as a T cell-independent antigen when injected into athymic mice. However, immunization of euthymic mice with HBcAg results in dramatically increased anti-HBc titers. Therefore we have examined the murine T cell response to HBcAg in terms of immunogenicity, the influence of H-2-linked genes, and the fine specificity of T cell recognition using synthetic peptide analogs. The HBcAg was shown to be an extremely efficient immunogen in terms of T cell activation as measured by the in vivo dose required to induce T cell sensitization (1.0 microgram), and the minimal in vitro concentration required to elicit interleukin 2 (IL 2) production (0.03 ng/ml). The degree of T cell immunogenicity of HBcAg and its ability to directly activate B cells most likely explain the enhanced humoral response to HBcAg in euthymic mice and HBV-infected patients. The influence of H-2-linked genes on the humoral response to HBcAg was discernable, and high responder (H-2k,s,d), intermediate responder (H-2b,f), and low responder (H-2p) haplotypes were identified. The H-2-linked regulation of the T cell response correlated with in vivo anti-HBc production. Examination of the fine specificity of T cell recognition revealed HBcAg-specific T cells from a variety of strains recognize multiple but distinct sites within the HBcAg/HBeAg sequence. T cell recognition sites were defined by small (16 to 21 residue) synthetic peptides. Each strain recognized a predominant T cell determinant, and the fine specificity of this recognition process was dependent on the H-2 haplotype of the responding strain. For example H-2s,b strains recognized p120-140, H-2f,q strains recognized p100-120, and H-2d mice recognized p85-100 predominantly. Because these sequences are common to both HBcAg and a nonparticulate form of the antigen termed HBeAg, these results indicate that HBcAg and HBeAg are highly cross-reactive at the T cell level although they are serologically distinct. These findings may have clinical relevance, because T cell sensitization to HBeAg and the subsequent seroconversion to anti-HBe status correlates with viral clearance during hepatitis B infection.
Enabling FCC's proposed spectral policy via carrier interferometry (2004)

In this work, we propose a new multicarrier platform to optimize the efficiency of wireless operators' licensed bands and to enable flexible sharing of licensed and unlicensed bands (in different spectral regions). This research supports a recent FCC proposal which suggests innovative spectrum management regulations to improve spectral efficiency. Specifically, this work presents a multicarrier platform capable of (1) achieving high spectral efficiency by application of "narrow" orthogonal carriers; and (2) enables flexible spectral sharing across different licensed and unlicensed bands via operator borrowing/ lending.
Stroke and the Risk of Alzheimer Disease (2003)

Stroke is associated with AD among elderly individuals. The relation is strongest in the presence of known vascular risk factors. The observed association between stroke and AD might relate to an underlying systemic vascular disease process, or alternatively, to the additive effects of stroke and AD pathologic features, leading to an earlier age at onset of disease.
Adaptive Federated Learning in Resource Constrained Edge Computing Systems (2019)

Emerging technologies and applications including Internet of Things, social networking, and crowd-sourcing generate large amounts of data at the network edge. Machine learning models are often built from the collected data, to enable the detection, classification, and prediction of future events. Due to bandwidth, storage, and privacy concerns, it is often impractical to send all the data to a centralized location. In this paper, we consider the problem of learning model parameters from data distributed across multiple edge nodes, without sending raw data to a centralized place. Our focus is on a generic class of machine learning models that are trained using gradient-descent-based approaches. We analyze the convergence bound of distributed gradient descent from a theoretical point of view, based on which we propose a control algorithm that determines the best tradeoff between local update and global parameter aggregation to minimize the loss function under a given resource budget. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated via extensive experiments with real datasets, both on a networked prototype system and in a larger-scale simulated environment. The experimentation results show that our proposed approach performs near to the optimum with various machine learning models and different data distributions.
Salt effects on the stability of dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride and sodium dihexadecyl phosphate vesicles (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSalt effects on the stability of dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride and sodium dihexadecyl phosphate vesiclesA. M. Carmona-Ribeiro, L. S. Yoshida, and H. ChaimovichCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 13, 2928–2933Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100259a045https://doi.org/10.1021/j100259a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Endocytosis of Insulin-like Growth Factor II by a Mini-receptor Based on Repeat 11 of the Mannose 6-Phosphate/Insulin-like Growth Factor II Receptor (2000)

The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGF-II receptor) plays an important role in controlling the extracellular level of the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) by mediating its binding at the cell surface and delivery to lysosomes. Loss of the receptor is associated with an accumulation of IGF-II, which can cause perinatal lethality if it is systemic, or local proliferation and tumorgenesis if it is spatially restricted. The extracytoplasmic domain of the receptor consists of 15 homologous repeats, of which repeat 11 carries the IGF-II-binding site of the multifunctional receptor. To investigate whether repeat 11 is sufficient to mediate binding and internalization of IGF-II, a construct consisting of repeat 11 fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain of the M6P/IGF-II receptor was transfected into mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The construct was expressed as a stable membrane protein which binds IGF-II with a 10-fold lower affinity as observed for the M6P/IGF-II receptor and is found at the cell surface and in endosomes. It mediates the internalization of IGF-II and its delivery to lysosomes, suggesting that it can function as a IGF-II mini-receptor controlling the extracellular IGF-II level.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the critically ill patient (1993)

1. Until recently, when drugs were used in critically ill patients they were expected to behave in the same way as in less seriously ill patients. Now the unpredictability of even the most reliable drugs has been recognized. With this there is an awareness of the adverse effects drugs may have on organs other than the ones the drug was intended to act on. In patients with multiorgan dysfunction, poly-pharmacy is usually needed. The drugs may not only interfere with the action of each other at the receptor and enzyme level, but may also change protein binding and elimination. All these effects may be unimportant in less seriously ill patients, but may affect outcome in the critically ill. A high degree of awareness and suspicion of unknown drug-induced adverse reaction is needed by clinicians and pharmacologists alike.
Performance comparison of different multiple access schemes for the downlink of an OFDM communication system (2002)

A comparison of different multiple access schemes for the downlink of an OFDM communication system is performed. The access methods OFDM-TDMA, OFDM-FDMA, and OFDM-CDMA are described and compared with regard to flexibility and computation complexity. Further on, the performance of the different approaches is quantitatively analysed, comparing the resulting BER for the given OFDM system in a time-variant and frequency-selective radio channel.
Analysis of human acid beta-glucosidase by site-directed mutagenesis and heterologous expression. (1994)

Structure/function relationships of acid beta-glucosidase, the enzyme deficient in Gaucher disease, were evaluated by characterizing the proteins expressed from cDNAs encoding normal and mutant enzymes. Twenty-two Gaucher disease mutations or created mutations were expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells and analyzed for catalytic properties, stability, inhibitor binding, and modifier interactions. Many Gaucher disease mutations encoded highly disruptive amino acid substitutions (e.g. P289L and D409V) and produced severely compromised proteins with very reduced activity (kcat < 1% of normal) and/or stability. Six mutant enzymes had sufficient catalytic activity (kcat approximately 5-30% of normal) for extensive studies. The highly conservative substitutions, i.e. F216Y or S364T and V394L, led to severe, but selective, abnormalities of enzyme stability or large decreases in catalytic activity, respectively. The T323I, N370S, and V394L enzymes interacted abnormally with active site-directed inhibitors and localized these residues to the glycon binding region. Selected mutant enzymes were poorly activated by phosphatidylserine (V394L, L444P, and R463C) or by saposin C (L444P and T323I), indicating that the enzyme sites for interaction with these activators were within the carboxyl one-third of the enzyme. Substitutions of Ser, Glu, and/or Gly at residues Asp-443 and/or Asp-445 demonstrated important steric roles for these residues in the active site, but neither is the catalytic nucleophile. Together with previous studies, the present analyses provide an insight into the pathogenesis of Gaucher disease and the functional organization of acid beta-glucosidase.
Studies of Polyphenyls and Polyphenylenes. II. The Synthesis and Physical Properties of Polyphenyls Containing Para Linkage (1980)

Abstract Twelve linear polyphenyls, including quinque- to octiphenyl, were synthesized by the Ullmann cross-coupling reaction of iodobiphenyl with diiodobenzene or iodoterphenyl. Ultraviolet spectral studies of the polyphenyls indicated that the positions of the K-bands above ca. 260 nm, regardless of the presence of o- or m-phenylene unit(s), may be considered to be an indication of the approximate number of consecutive p-phenylene units. Infrared studies also showed that the locations of strong or medium bands in the 815–850 cm−1 region may give the same information. The HMO calculations of the longest wavelength absorption bands of twenty-four polyphenyls were carried out. A comparison between the calculated and observed wavelengths gave rather good agreement, except in the cases of two compounds. The signals of the proton magnetic resonance spectra of eighteen polyphenyls were assigned tentatively. The correlations between the arrangement of the benzene rings and the spectral patterns are discussed.
The multi-stable behaviour of SOI-NMOS transistors at low temperatures (2003)

Summary form only given. The operation of NMOS transistors made in laser-recrystallized SOI material has been investigated at both 77 K and 4 K. The back-gate voltage (and its history) turns out to have an important influence on the characteristics. It is found that by applying adequate pulses at the back gates, a variety of stable operating states, which are reflected in a variety of threshold voltages, can be established. This multistable behavior of SOI-NMOS transistors at low temperatures is illustrated for a bistable case at 77 K. By applying different back-gate conditions it is possible to obtain different high-threshold states. Stress measurements confirm the stability of the various states. A very similar behavior is also found for transistors operating at 4 K.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Kinetics of Recovery of CD4+ T Cells in Peripheral Blood of Deoxycoformycin-Treated Patients (1991)

Journal Article Kinetics of Recovery of CD4 + T Cells in Peripheral Blood of Deoxycoformycin-Treated Patients Get access Ronald G. Steis, Ronald G. Steis 1Biological Response Modifiers Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development CenterFrederick, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter J. Urba, Walter J. Urba 2Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William C. Kopp, William C. Kopp 2Program Resources, Inc./DynCorp, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. Gregory Alvord, W. Gregory Alvord 3Data Management Services, Inc., National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John W. Smith, II, John W. Smith, II 1Biological Response Modifiers Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development CenterFrederick, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dan L. Longo Dan L. Longo * 1Biological Response Modifiers Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development CenterFrederick, Md. * Correspondence to: Dan L. Longo, M.D., Biological Response Modifiers Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702-1201. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 22, 20 November 1991, Pages 1678–1679, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.22.1678 Published: 20 November 1991 Article history Received: 14 June 1991 Revision received: 16 August 1991 Accepted: 16 August 1991 Published: 20 November 1991
Mean value coordinates for closed triangular meshes (2005)

Constructing a function that interpolates a set of values defined at vertices of a mesh is a fundamental operation in computer graphics. Such an interpolant has many uses in applications such as shading, parameterization and deformation. For closed polygons, mean value coordinates have been proven to be an excellent method for constructing such an interpolant. In this paper, we generalize mean value coordinates from closed 2D polygons to closed triangular meshes. Given such a mesh P , we show that these coordinates are continuous everywhere and smooth on the interior of P . The coordinates are linear on the triangles of P and can reproduce linear functions on the interior of P . To illustrate their usefulness, we conclude by considering several interesting applications including constructing volumetric textures and surface deformation.