gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A low complexity transmitter structure for OFDM-FDMA uplink systems (2002)

The orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) transmission technique can efficiently deal with the effects of multipath propagation in the broadband radio channel. It also has a high system inherent flexibility for designing a multiple access scheme by combining the conventional TDMA, FDMA and CDMA approaches with the OFDM modulation scheme. The FDMA multiple access scheme is especially interesting for an uplink of a communication system since it can completely avoid any multiple access interference (MAI). Moreover, the peak-to-average ratio (PAR) of the uplink OFDM transmit signal can be greatly reduced if this OFDM-FDMA multiple access scheme is additionally combined with a data spreading technique based on a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spreading matrix using only the user specific subcarriers. Since the DFT spreading operation and the IDFT operation used as a part of the OFDM modulation scheme cancel out each other the complexity of the transmitter structure for an OFDM-FDMA uplink can be greatly reduced.
Isolation and Expression of Novel Human Glutamate Carboxypeptidases with N-Acetylated α-Linked Acidic Dipeptidase and Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activity (1999)

Hydrolysis of the neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG) by N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) to release glutamate may be important in a number of neurodegenerative disorders in which excitotoxic mechanisms are implicated. The gene coding for human prostate-specific membrane antigen, a marker of prostatic carcinomas, and its rat homologue glutamate carboxypeptidase II have recently been shown to possess such NAALADase activity. In contrast, a closely related member of this gene family, rat ileal 100-kDa protein, possesses a dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity. Here, we describe the cloning of human ileal 100-kDa protein, which we have called a NAALADase- "like" (NAALADase L) peptidase based on its sequence similarity to other members of this gene family, and its inability to hydrolyze NAAG in transient transfection experiments. Furthermore, we describe the cloning of a third novel member of this gene family, NAALADase II, which codes for a type II integral membrane protein and which we have localized to chromosome 11 by fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis. Transient transfection of NAALADase II cDNA confers both NAALADase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity to COS cells. Expression studies using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot hybridization show that NAALADase II is highly expressed in ovary and testis as well as within discrete brain areas.
Stimulation and recording from regenerated peripheral nerves through polyimide sieve electrodes. (1998)

This paper describes the use of a new polyimide sieve electrode as a chronic neural interface to stimulate and record signals from regenerated peripheral nerves. Flexible thin polyimide electrodes were placed in silicone chambers and implanted between the severed ends of the sciatic nerve in rats. The sieve part of the interface has 281 round via holes of 40 microns diameter, with seven integrated recording-stimulating electrodes arranged around via holes. Axonal regeneration through the via holes was demonstrated by histological and physiological methods over a two to six month post-implantation period in all the rats. The regenerated nerves were organized in fascicles corresponding to the grid pattern of the via holes. Longitudinal sections showed myelinated fibers, with normal appearance and well developed myelin sheath, crossing the via holes. Stimulation of the regenerated nerve through the polyimide electrode evoked distal muscle and nerve responses similar in amplitude to those evoked by nerve stimulation with hook metal electrodes. The polyimide electrodes were useful for recording nerve action potentials in response to electrical stimulation of the distal regenerated nerve, and in response to functional sensory stimulation of several modalities.
Understanding CNS remyelination: Clues from developmental and regeneration biology (1999)

A guiding principle in remyelination research has been to seek clues to its nature in developmental studies on myelination. This "recapitulation hypothesis" argues that the regenerative response involves rerunning much the same programme as occurs during the developmental process. Here we examine the extent to which current evidence supports this hypothesis and whether this is a useful conceptual framework within which to study remyelination and suggest that an equally fruitful approach is to look to regenerative processes in other tissues.
A Novel Double HBT-Based Capacitorless 1T DRAM Cell With Si/SiGe Heterojunctions (2011)

We propose a novel double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT)-based capacitorless one-transistor (1T) DRAM cell employing a narrow bandgap SiGe body and Si/SiGe heterojunction for a possible next-generation DRAM cell. It has a body with a narrow bandgap and a valence band offset between the source/drain and the body. Through an extended investigation via TCAD simulation, we verified the advantages of the proposed DHBT-based 1T DRAM cell, including an improved excess carrier generation rate, a high current gain, a large sensing margin, and a suppressed sensitivity to the bandgap-narrowing effect in the heavily doped source and drain.
N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced neurotoxicity in the adult rat retina (1992)

The present study provides evidence that the adult mammalian retina is highly sensitive to the excitotoxic action of NMDA. In particular, we have investigated the effects of a single intravitreal injection of different doses of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) (2-200 nmoles) on the adult rat retina. Morphological evaluation of transverse sections of retinae demonstrated a dose-dependent loss of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and a reduction in the thickness of the inner plexiform layer. No obvious alterations were noted in the more distal retinal layers. Quantitative analyses of Nissl-stained whole-mounted retinae revealed that administration of 20 nmoles of NMDA resulted in a 70% loss of cells with a soma diameter greater than 8 microns (presumed retinal ganglion cells); a 20% loss of cells with a soma diameter smaller than 8 microns (presumed displaced amacrine cells) was also observed. In addition, NMDA produced a dose-dependent decrease of retinal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, suggesting that NMDA affects cholinergic amacrine cells as well. MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA antagonist, completely prevented the NMDA-induced loss of cells in the GCL and blocked, in a dose-dependent manner, the NMDA-induced decrease of ChAT activity. The excitotoxic action of NMDA observed in these experiments is thus likely mediated through the NMDA receptor subtype. This "in vivo" model may be utilized to identify potential drugs that antagonize or limit the deleterious effects consequent to NMDA receptor overstimulation in the central nervous system.
The pleiotropic actions of leukemia inhibitory factor. (1989)

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a glycoprotein regulator that induces the differentiation and suppresses the clonogenicity of M1 myeloid leukemic cells. M1 cells require only a brief exposure to LIF to become irreversibly committed to differentiation. In combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, LIF is also able to suppress HL-60 and U937 cell proliferation. Normal monocytes and macrophages have LIF receptors, but the function of LIF on such cells is unclear. Recently it was discovered that LIF also acts on embryonic stem (ES) cells, where its continuous presence is required to prevent ES cell differentiation.
The relationship of dietary fish intake to level of pulmonary function in the first National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES I) (1994)

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which predominates in marine fish, tends to counteract and inhibit the uptake and incorporation of arachidonic acid and membrane phospholipids and dilute arachidonic acid as a potential substrate for oxidation. Thus, fish intake may be protective for the occurrence of asthma and other pulmonary diseases. We wanted to examine the relationship between the effect of chronic dietary intake to fish and its relationship to level of pulmonary function. We performed this analysis using data from the First National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES I). A detailed subsample of 2,526 adults had a medical history questionnaire, that included a 24-hour dietary recall, and performed spirometric examination. Log of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) served as a dependent variable in regression analysis which included an adjustment for height, age, cigarette smoking and gender. When added to the regression model including the above variables dietary fish intake showed a protective association with FEV1 (beta = 0.008 +/- 0.004, p = 0.028). When smokers were excluded from the analysis, the effect of fish intake on pulmonary function appeared to increase slightly (beta = 0.0108 +/- 0.006, p = 0.61). These data suggest that chronic dietary intake of fish is associated with higher levels of pulmonary function and is consistent with the hypothesis of an effect of fish oil on arachidonic acid metabolism.
Applications of Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) in Allium Chemistry. 2-Propenesulfenic and 2-Propenesulfinic Acids, Diallyl Trisulfane S-Oxide, and Other Reactive Sulfur Compounds from Crushed Garlic and Other Alliums (2010)

Through the use of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS), 2-propenesulfenic acid, an intermediate long postulated as being formed when garlic ( Allium sativum ) is crushed, has been detected for the first time and determined by mass spectrometric methods to have a half-life of <1 s at room temperature. Two other key intermediates, 2-propenesulfinic acid and diallyl trisulfane S-oxide, have also been detected for the first time in volatiles from crushed garlic, along with allicin and related thiosulfinates, allyl alcohol, sulfur dioxide, propene, and pyruvate as coproducts. A commercial dietary supplement containing garlic powder, which was sampled after crushing, was found to contain alliin, methiin, and S-allylcysteine and produced allicin upon addition of water. DART-MS detection of 1-butenesulfenic acid from the ornamental A. siculum is also reported. (Z)-Propanethial S-oxide (onion lachrymatory factor), absent in garlic, is found to be formed from crushed elephant garlic ( Allium ampeloprasum ), consistent with the classification of this plant as a closer relative of leek than of garlic. Mixtures of thiosulfinates, lachrymatory thial S-oxides, and related compounds are directly observed from crushed leek ( Allium porrum ) and Chinese chive ( Allium tuberosum ). Disulfanes and polysulfanes are detected only when the Allium samples are heated, consistent with earlier conclusions that these are not primary products from cut or crushed alliums.
Cytosolic Phosphorylation of Calnexin Controls Intracellular Ca2+ Oscillations via an Interaction with Serca2b (2000)

Calreticulin (CRT) and calnexin (CLNX) are lectin chaperones that participate in protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). CRT is a soluble ER lumenal protein, whereas CLNX is a transmembrane protein with a cytosolic domain that contains two consensus motifs for protein kinase (PK) C/proline- directed kinase (PDK) phosphorylation. Using confocal Ca(2+) imaging in Xenopus oocytes, we report here that coexpression of CLNX with sarco endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) 2b results in inhibition of intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations, suggesting a functional inhibition of the pump. By site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that this interaction is regulated by a COOH-terminal serine residue (S562) in CLNX. Furthermore, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate- mediated Ca(2+) release results in a dephosphorylation of this residue. We also demonstrate by coimmunoprecipitation that CLNX physically interacts with the COOH terminus of SERCA2b and that after dephosphorylation treatment, this interaction is significantly reduced. Together, our results suggest that CRT is uniquely regulated by ER lumenal conditions, whereas CLNX is, in addition, regulated by the phosphorylation status of its cytosolic domain. The S562 residue in CLNX acts as a molecular switch that regulates the interaction of the chaperone with SERCA2b, thereby affecting Ca(2+) signaling and controlling Ca(2+)-sensitive chaperone functions in the ER.
Perturbation Theory and Equation of State for Fluids. II. A Successful Theory of Liquids (1967)

The perturbation theory previously shown to give good results for the equation of state of a square-well fluid at liquid densities and temperatures is applied to more realistic potentials with soft repulsion, in particular the 6:12 potential. For an arbitrary potential function a modified potential is defined involving three parameters, namely a hard-sphere diameter, an inverse-steepness parameter for the repulsive region, and a depth parameter for the attractive region. When the latter parameters are zero, the modified potential becomes the hard-sphere potential; when they are one, it becomes the original potential. The configuration integral is expanded in a double-power series in the inverse-steepness and depth parameters, the hard-sphere diameter being chosen so that the first-order term in the inverse-steepness parameter is zero. The first-order term in the depth parameter is evaluated essentially exactly and the second-order term approximately: other second-order terms and all higher-order terms are neglected. The resulting equation of state is in good agreement with molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo results, and experimental data for argon at all temperatures and densities relevant for fluids.
Silole–pyrrole co-oligomers: their synthesis, structure and UV-VIS absorption spectra (1996)

K. Tamao, S. Ohno and S. Yamaguchi, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1873 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960001873
Integrase Inhibitors: After 10 Years of Experience, Is the Best Yet to Come? (2019)

The era of the integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection began with raltegravir in 2007. Since that time, several other INSTIs have been introduced including elvitegravir, dolutegravir, and, most recently, bictegravir, that have shown great utility as part of antiretroviral regimens in both treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients. At present, antiretroviral guidelines fully endorse the INSTI class as part of all first-line treatment regimens. After 10 years of experience with INSTIs, newer agents are on the horizon such as cabotegravir and MK-2048 for potential use as either HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis or maintenance therapy. This review provides a brief overview of the INSTI class including agents currently available and those still in development, reviews available data from both completed and ongoing clinical trials, and outlines simplification strategies using INSTIs.
Bioerodible hydrogels based on photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(.alpha.-hydroxy acid) diacrylate macromers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBioerodible hydrogels based on photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(.alpha.-hydroxy acid) diacrylate macromersAmarpreet S. Sawhney, Chandrashekhar P. Pathak, and Jeffrey A. HubbellCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 4, 581–587Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00056a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00056a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7246Altmetric-Citations858LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Current Therapeutic Advances Targeting EGFR and EGFRvIII in Glioblastoma (2015)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EGFRvIII analysis is of current interest in glioblastoma - the most common malignant primary CNS tumor, because of new EGFRvIII vaccine trials underway. EGFR activation in glioblastoma promotes cellular proliferation via activation of MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways, and EGFRvIII is the most common variant, leading to constitutively active EGFR. This review explains EGFR and EGFRvIII signaling in GBM; describes targeted therapy approaches to date including tyrosine kinase inhibitor, antibody-based therapies, vaccines and pre-clinical RNA-based therapies, and discusses the difficulties encountered with these approaches including pathway redundancy and intratumoral heterogeneity.
Fluxes of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotides through Mitochondrial Membranes in Human Cultured Cells (1996)

We report on the loss of mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides in human cultured cells along with cell culture and acidification of the culture medium. This was established both by the direct measurement of the decrease in the mitochondrial NAD content and by the alteration of the oxidative properties of the mitochondria. In situ, this loss could be reversed in less than 2 h by changing the culture medium or by readjusting the pH of the medium at physiological pH values. By studying the oxidative properties of intact, but NAD-depleted, mitochondria in digitonin-permeabilized cells, we found that a rapid influx of NAD could replenish the mitochondrial NAD pool. This allowed the restoration of an active NAD+-dependent substrate oxidation. Depletion of mitochondrial NAD in cells grown under quiescent conditions was further confirmed by fluorimetric measurement of mitochondrial NAD, as was the influx of NAD+ into the mitochondrial matrix. These data constitute the first evidence of rapid fluxes of NAD through mitochondrial membranes in animal cells. They also point to the possible confusion between a loss of mitochondrial NAD and a defect of respiratory chain complex I in the context of screening procedures for respiratory chain disorder in human.
Gold Nanoparticles Quench Fluorescence by Phase Induced Radiative Rate Suppression (2005)

The fluorescence quantum yield of Cy5 molecules attached to gold nanoparticles via ssDNA spacers is measured for Cy5-nanoparticle distances between 2 and 16 nm. Different numbers of ssDNA per nanoparticle allow to fine-tune the distance. The change of the radiative and nonradiative molecular decay rates with distance is determined using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Remarkably, the distance dependent quantum efficiency is almost exclusively governed by the radiative rate.
Tensile strained epitaxial Ge films on Si(100) substrates with potential application in L-band telecommunications (2004)

Tensile strained epitaxial Ge films were grown on Si(100) substrates by ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition. The tensile strain was induced by the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between Si and Ge during the cooling process from elevated growth temperatures, which induces narrowing of the Ge direct band gap, EgΓ, and pushes the absorption spectrum of Ge toward longer wavelengths. The EgΓ versus strain relation was measured experimentally by photoreflectance and x-ray diffraction, and the result agrees well with calculations by deformation potential theory. With an in-plane tensile strain of 0.21%, the EgΓ of the Ge film grown at 800 °C decreased from 32 meV to 0.768 eV compared with 0.80 for bulk Ge, and corresponded to an absorption edge at 1610 nm. The broadened absorption spectrum of tensile strained Ge makes it promising as a Si-compatible photodector material for L-band (1560–1620 nm) optical communications.
Simultaneous Assessment of Coronary Flow Reserve and Fractional Flow Reserve with a Novel Pressure‐Based Method (2000)

Coronary flow reserve (CFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR myo ) are two guidewire‐based methods currently used to assess the functional severity of coronary artery lesions. Acquiring both measurements simultaneously may provide complementary information, but would require the passage of two different guidewires and complex instrumentation for their calculation. This study assessed the procedural safety and performance of a novel personal computer‐based algorithm, the SmartFlow Intravascular Processor (SFIP), which utilizes a single conventional pressure wire for obtaining simultaneous CFR and FFR myo measurements for the assessment of coronary artery lesion severity. In 20 consecutive patients with 21 lesions, pressure‐derived CFR, FFR myo and SFIP‐FFR myo measurements were obtained during adenosine‐induced hyperemia. Intravascular ultrasound and quantitative coronary angiography lesion analysis was done off‐line at the Washington Core Laboratory. Mean FFR myo was 0.83 ± 0.11, SFIP‐FFR myo was 0.86 ± 0.06, and CFR was 1.74 ± 0.46. Pairwise correlation analysis showed excellent correlation between the FFR myo and the FFR myo ‐SFIP (r 2 = 0.83, P &lt; 0.0001) and a fair degree of relationship between the CFR and minimal lumen diameter (r 2 = 0.43, P = 0.07). We could not find a correlation between CFR and FFR myo (r 2 = 0.22, P = 0.37), between CFR and FFR‐SFIP (r 2 = 0.05, P = 0.86), or between the hemodynamic measurements and any of the IVUS‐derived measurements. In conclusion, the SFIP is u novel algorithm for obtaining simultaneous CFR and FFR myo that may provide valuable information for the assessment of lesion severity and clinical decision making.
Telomeres, Telomerase, and Cancer (2000)

What accounts for the ability of cancer cells to proliferate in a manner that is out of control, whereas normal cells die after 40 to 60 cycles of replication? One mechanism that leads to the death of a normal cell is erosion of the structure that caps the ends of chromosomes — the telomere (from the Greek telos, meaning end, and meros, a component) — each time a cell divides. The clinical relevance of telomeres is that a cancer cell, unlike a normal cell, can repair eroded telomeres. The existence of this repair mechanism suggests a novel target for cancer . . .