gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endothelin-1 Is a Critical Mediator of Myogenic Tone in Tumor Arterioles (2004)

Although derived from the host tissue, the tumor vasculature is under the influence of the tumor microenvironment and needs to adapt to the resistance to blood flow inherent to the dynamics of tumor growth. Such vascular remodeling can offer selective targets to pharmacologically modulate tumor perfusion and thereby improve the efficacy of conventional anticancer treatments. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can, indeed, take advantage of a better tumor oxygenation and drug delivery, respectively, both partly dependent on the tumor blood supply. Here, we showed that isolated tumor arterioles mounted in a pressure myograph have the ability, contrary to size-matched healthy arterioles, to contract in response to a transluminal pressure increase. This myogenic tone was exquisitely dependent on the endothelin-1 pathway because it was completely abolished by the selective endothelin receptor A (ETA) antagonist BQ123. This selectivity was additionally supported by the large increase in endothelin-1 abundance in tumors and the higher density of the ETA receptors in tumor vessels. We also documented by using laser Doppler microprobes and imaging that administration of the ETA antagonist led to a significant increase in tumor blood flow, whereas the perfusion in control healthy tissue was not altered. Finally, we provided evidence that acute administration of the ETA antagonist could significantly stimulate tumor oxygenation, as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry, and increase the efficacy of low-dose, clinically relevant fractionated radiotherapy. Thus, blocking the tumor-selective increase in the vascular endothelin-1/ETA pathway led us to unravel an important reserve of vasorelaxation that can be exploited to selectively increase tumor response to radiotherapy.
Predicting Distribution of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and S 2 with Δ Log Resistivity and Acoustic Impedance Inversion on Talang Akar Formation, Cipunegara Sub Basin, West Java (2017)

The quality of source rock can be determined from the Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and S2 (amount of hydrocarbons produced from pyrolysis). At a certain level of maturity, organic matter will be transformed into hydrocarbons. This transformation is recorded by resistivity log and can be modeled using ΔlogR (resistivity) technique. The technique itself is based on the magnitude of separation of resistivity and sonic curve which indicates presence of mature source rock, calibrated to TOC and level of organic maturity (LOM). The value of S2 can also be calculated as TOC has a linear correlation with S2. These calculated TOC and S2 are plotted against the Acoustic Impedance (AI), also obtained from the well. Using nonlinear equation derived from the cross plots, the resulting values are distributed into the seismic data by applying the AI inversion technique.
Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxylic Acid Conjugated, Hydrophobically Derivatized, Hyperbranched Polyglycerols as Nanoparticulate Drug Carriers for Cisplatin (2010)

Hyperbranched polyglycerols (HPGs) with hydrophobic cores and derivatized with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) were synthesized and further functionalized with carboxylate groups to bind and deliver cisplatin. Low and high levels of carboxylate were conjugated to HPGs (HPG-C(8/10)-MePEG(6.5)-COOH(113) and HPG-C(8/10)-MePEG(6.5)-COOH(348)) and their structures were confirmed through NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and potentiometric titration. The hydrodynamic diameter of the HPGs ranged from 5-10 nm and the addition of COOH groups decreased the zeta potential of the polymers. HPG-C(8/10)-MePEG(6.5)-COOH(113) bound up to 10% w/w cisplatin, whereas HPG-C(8/10)-MePEG(6.5)-COOH(348) bound up to 20% w/w drug with 100% efficiency. Drug was released from HPG-C(8/10)-MePEG(6.5)-COOH(113) over 7 days at the same rate, regardless of the pH. Cisplatin release from HPG-C(8/10)-MePEG(6.5)-COOH(348) was significantly slower than HPG-C(8/10)-MePEG(6.5)-COOH(113) at pH 6 and 7.4, but similar at pH 4.5. Release of cisplatin into artificial urine was considerably faster than into buffer. Carboxylated HPGs demonstrated good biocompatibility, and drug-loaded HPGs effectively inhibited proliferation of KU-7-luc bladder cancer cells.
Superlattice band structure in the envelope-function approximation (1981)

The band structure of GaAs-GaAlAs and InAs-GaSb superlattices is calculated by matching propagating or evanescent envelope functions at the boundary of consecutive layers. For GaAs-GaAlAs materials, the envelope functions are the solutions of an effective Hamiltonian in which both band edges and effective masses are position dependent. The effective-mass jumps modify the boundary conditions which are imposed to the eigenstates of the effective-mass Hamiltonian. In InAs-GaSb superlattices, the dispersion relations, although quite similar to those obtained in GaAs-GaAlAs materials, reflect the genuine symmetry mismatch of InAs (electrons) and GaSb (light-holes) levels. The evolution of the InAs-GaSb band structure with increasing periodicity is calculated and found to be in excellent agreement with previous LCAO results. The dispersion relations of heavy-hole bands are obtained.
Discovery of (R)-6-(1-(8-Fluoro-6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1,6-naphthyridin-5(6H)-one (AMG 337), a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of MET with High Unbound Target Coverage and Robust In Vivo Antitumor Activity (2016)

Deregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (MET) has been implicated in several human cancers and is an attractive target for small molecule drug discovery. Herein, we report the discovery of compound 23 (AMG 337), which demonstrates nanomolar inhibition of MET kinase activity, desirable preclinical pharmacokinetics, significant inhibition of MET phosphorylation in mice, and robust tumor growth inhibition in a MET-dependent mouse efficacy model.
Transformation-based error-driven learning and natural language processing: a case study in part-of-speech tagging (1995)

Recently, there has been a rebirth of empiricism in the eld of natural language processing. Manual encoding of linguistic information is being challenged by automated corpus-based learning as a method ofproviding a natural language processing system with linguistic knowledge. Although corpus-based approaches have been successful in many different areas of natural language processing, it is often the case that these methods capture the linguistic information they are modelling indirectly in large opaque tables of statistics. This can make it di cult to analyze, understand and improve the ability of these approaches to model underlying linguistic behavior. In this paper, we will describe a simple rule-based approach to automated learning of linguistic knowledge. This approach has been shown for a number of tasks to capture information in a clearer and more direct fashion without a compromise in performance. We present a detailed case study of this learning method applied topart of speech tagging. 1.
Design of a smart, survivable sensor system for enhancing the safe and secure transportation of hazardous or high-value cargo on railroads (2002)

An application of smart sensor technology developed by Sandia National Laboratories for use in the safe and secure transportation of high value or hazardous materials is proposed for a railroad application. The Green Box would be capable of surviving most typical railroad accidents. In an accident, the system would send a distress signal notifying authorities of the location and condition of the cargo; permitting them to respond in the most effective manner. The concept proposes a strap-on sensor package. the Green Box, that could be attached to any railroad car or cargo container. Its primary purpose is to minimize the number, severity and consequences of accidents and to reduce losses due to theft. The system would also be capable of recognizing component failure conditions, notifying the operators and logging sensor data for use in directing preventative maintenance. The modular implementation, which facilitates system integration in a number of applications including the Advanced Train Control System (ACTS), is discussed. The methodology for determining the environmental specification for accident survivability is presented. A test plan for evaluating hardware performance in both normal operating and accident conditions is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Campus Speech Codes: The Threat to Liberal Education, 27 J. Marshall L. Rev. 709 (1994) (1995)

The purpose of Newspeak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the world-view.., but to make all other modes of thought impossible.It was intended that when Newspeak had been adopted once and for all.., a heretical thoughtthat is, a thought diverging from the principles of Ingsocshould be literally unthinkable....
Sinter conditions and superconducting properties of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors (1990)

In high-Tc Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO pellets prepared by solid state reaction, a prolonged sintering increases the fraction of the 2223 high-Tc phase. In addition the upper critical field Bc2*, is enhanced due to an improved long-range order and stoichiometry. Nevertheless the critical current density becomes smaller in weak fields with sintering time because of the two-dimensional growth of the high-Tc phase, leading to a lower mechanical density. In the high-field region the magnetic field dependence of the critical current density, Jc, becomes less pronounced with reaction time as a result of the higher Bc2*. Thus, densification would improve Jc in all fields for long sintering periods.
Ultrahigh speed 1050nm swept source / Fourier domain OCT retinal and anterior segment imaging at 100,000 to 400,000 axial scans per second (2010)

We demonstrate ultrahigh speed swept source/Fourier domain ophthalmic OCT imaging using a short cavity swept laser at 100,000 - 400,000 axial scan rates. Several design configurations illustrate tradeoffs in imaging speed, sensitivity, axial resolution, and imaging depth. Variable rate A/D optical clocking is used to acquire linear-in-k OCT fringe data at 100 kHz axial scan rate with 5.3 um axial resolution in tissue. Fixed rate sampling at 1 GSPS achieves a 7.5mm imaging range in tissue with 6.0 um axial resolution at 100 kHz axial scan rate. A 200 kHz axial scan rate with 5.3 um axial resolution over 4mm imaging range is achieved by buffering the laser sweep. Dual spot OCT using two parallel interferometers achieves 400 kHz axial scan rate, almost 2X faster than previous 1050 nm ophthalmic results and 20X faster than current commercial instruments. Superior sensitivity roll-off performance is shown. Imaging is demonstrated in the human retina and anterior segment. Wide field 12x12 mm data sets include the macula and optic nerve head. Small area, high density imaging shows individual cone photoreceptors. The 7.5 mm imaging range configuration can show the cornea, iris, and anterior lens in a single image. These improvements in imaging speed and depth range provide important advantages for ophthalmic imaging. The ability to rapidly acquire 3D-OCT data over a wide field of view promises to simplify examination protocols. The ability to image fine structures can provide detailed information on focal pathologies. The large imaging range and improved image penetration at 1050 m wavelengths promises to improve performance for instrumentation which images both the retina and anterior eye. These advantages suggest that swept source OCT at 1050 nm wavelengths will play an important role in future ophthalmic instrumentation.
Deuterium NMR study of the origin of hydrogen in fatty acids produced in vivo by chicken (2006)

Abstract The origin of hydrogen in fatty acids produced in vivo by chicken was studied by using isotope tracing monitored by 2 H NMR. Chickens were fed with deuterium‐labeled water, deuterium‐labeled glucose/fructose and trideuterated acetate. The site‐specific isotope distribution of the fatty acids produced in vivo by the chickens was analyzed after transformation into methyl esters. A connection was observed between the hydrogen atoms of the feeds and water and those of the different molecular positions of the fatty acids produced by chicken. Water hydrogen makes an important contribution to the formation of the lipids. The hydrogen of the enzyme‐bound acetyl or malonyl moiety in acyl‐CoA may be transferred from the C‐1, C‐2 or C‐6 of glucose or fructose and indirectly from water. The hydrogen introduced by the cofactor NADPH may be abstracted from C‐1 and C‐3 of glucose, through its regeneration in the pentose phosphate metabolism pathway, and contains hydrogen atoms of water. The exogenous acetate enters into the in vivo fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in an efficient way and can make an important contribution to the biosynthesis of the lipids.
Spoken Language Processing (2024)

The author has spent a large part of his research career studying spoken language processing in bilinguals. In this chapter, he first gives a brief overview of the stages involved in speech perception and comprehension; that is, how the listener goes from the acoustic wave all the way to the interpretative representation. He then describes a number of studies he undertook that concern primarily the processing of bilingual mixed speech. The research deals with the gender marking effect (late bilinguals appear to be largely insensitive to gender congruency and incongruency), the base-language effect (in normal bilingual discourse, base‐language units – i.e. phonemes, syllables and words – are favored over guest‐language units, at least for a short period of time), and the recognition of guest words. Here, the author showed evidence for a number of effects that occur when guest words are recognized in bilingual speech, such as a language phonetic effect, a phonotactic effect, an interlanguage homophonic status effect, and a base-language effect. He ends the chapter by describing a spoken word recognition model for bilinguals that accounts for the effects found.
Diagnosis of Dementia in a Heterogeneous Population (1992)

A brief diagnostic battery of neuropsychological tests was developed for a large-scale epidemiological study of dementia. We operationally defined dementia as defective memory and defective performance in at least two other areas, including orientation, abstract reasoning, construction, and language. Criterion scores for defining defective performance on each test were developed. In a pilot study that used 51 different subjects with a working diagnosis based on physicians' assessment (ie, 32 demented and 29 nondemented subjects), the test-based diagnosis agreed with the working diagnosis in all but two cases. The test battery was then applied to 430 healthy elderly subjects. Eighteen percent of those with 8 or less years of education met criteria for dementia compared with 5% of those with more than 8 years of education. We computed education-corrected scores for each test with the use of residuals from the regression of each test score on education. Based on corrected scores, 12 subjects were reclassified as nondemented and 11 as demented. Subjects who were reclassified as demented were significantly more impaired in activities of daily living than nondemented subjects who were not reclassified. Activities of daily living in subjects who were reclassified as nondemented did not differ from those in demented subjects who were not reclassified. These findings suggest that the neuropsychological battery may have utility in the diagnosis of dementia. However, neuropsychological performance may be influenced by education, and some form of adjustment, such as correction for activities of daily living, may be required in epidemiological studies.
Corneal Sensitivity and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Contact Lens Discomfort (2015)

Twenty-four hours after HCL removal, symptoms of discomfort in HCL wearers are not related to changes in corneal sensitivity or tear inflammatory mediator levels. This might indicate either that HCL wear has no effect on these parameters or that ocular surfaces recover from HCL-caused effects during the first hours after HCL removal. However, there were correlations for associations between symptoms, corneal sensitivity, and some molecules in tears.
A recombinant human receptor antagonist to interleukin 1 improves survival after lethal endotoxemia in mice. (1991)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is an endogenously produced cytokine that mediates a variety of physiological effects that may be beneficial or deleterious to the host. C57Bl/6 mice treated intravenously with a recently characterized human recombinant receptor antagonist protein to IL-1 (IL-1ra) had improved survival when treated after a lethal Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) challenge. IL-1ra was effective when treatment was initiated after LPS, and intravenous administration every 4 h for 24 h was required. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity after LPS and in vitro TNF cytotoxicity were not altered by treatment with IL-1ra. These experiments provide direct evidence that the lethal effects of LPS may be mediated through the action of IL-1 and that the IL-1ra can provide a new treatment strategy for disease processes mediated via this cytokine.
A finite element/control volume approach to mold filling in anisotropic porous media (1990)

Abstract Mold filling in anisotropic porous media is the governing phenomena in a number of composite manufacturing processes, such as resin transfer molding (RTM) and structural reaction injection molding (SRIM). In this paper we present a numerical simulation to predict the flow of a viscous fluid through a fiber network. The simulation is based on the finite element/control volume method. It can predict the movement of a free surface flow front in a thin shell mold geometry of arbitrary shape and with varying thickness. The flow through the fiber network is modeled using Darcy's law. Different permeabilities may be specified in the principal directions of the preform. The simulation permits the permeabilities to vary in magnitude and direction throughout the medium. Experiments were carried out to measure the characteristic permeabilities of fiber preforms. The results of the simulation are compared with experiments performed in a flat rectangular mold using a Newtonian fluid. A variety of preforms and processing conditions were used to verify the numerical model.
Increased HLA-DMB Expression in the Tumor Epithelium Is Associated with Increased CTL Infiltration and Improved Prognosis in Advanced-Stage Serous Ovarian Cancer (2008)

Tumor cell expression of HLA-DMB is associated with increased numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8 T lymphocytes and both are associated with improved survival in advanced-stage serous ovarian cancer.
Inflammatory Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease: Inhibition of β-Amyloid-Stimulated Proinflammatory Responses and Neurotoxicity by PPARγ Agonists (2000)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid fibrils within the brain and the subsequent association and phenotypic activation of microglial cells associated with the amyloid plaque. The activated microglia mount a complex local proinflammatory response with the secretion of a diverse range of inflammatory products. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are efficacious in reducing the incidence and risk of AD and significantly delaying disease progression. A recently appreciated target of NSAIDs is the ligand-activated nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). PPARγ is a DNA-binding transcription factor whose transcriptional regulatory actions are activated after agonist binding. We report that NSAIDs, drugs of the thiazolidinedione class, and the natural ligand prostaglandin J2 act as agonists for PPARγ and inhibit the β-amyloid-stimulated secretion of proinflammatory products by microglia and monocytes responsible for neurotoxicity and astrocyte activation. The activation of PPARγ also arrested the differentiation of monocytes into activated macrophages. PPARγ agonists were shown to inhibit the β-amyloid-stimulated expression of the cytokine genes interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α. Furthermore, PPARγ agonists inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2. These data provide direct evidence that PPARγ plays a critical role in regulating the inflammatory responses of microglia and monocytes to β-amyloid. We argue that the efficacy of NSAIDs in the treatment of AD may be a consequence of their actions on PPARγ rather than on their canonical targets the cyclooxygenases. Importantly, the efficacy of these agents in inhibiting a broad range of inflammatory responses suggests PPARγ agonists may provide a novel therapeutic approach to AD.
Advances in antibody therapeutics targeting small-cell lung cancer (2018)

The proportion of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) among all lung cancers decreased from 17.26% in 1986 to 12.95% in 2002. Chemotherapy is the key mode of treatment. However, novel therapeutic strategies and drugs are imperative, as the prognosis remains poor. In recent years, antibody therapies have shown promising prospects against malignancy. This review focuses on the advances in antibody therapies in SCLC. Although the results of pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab, and rovalpituzumab tesirine are inspiring, all of the clinical trials on these drugs are phase I/II and have been verified for further phase III clinical trials. It was demonstrated that chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab can improve the progression-free survival (PFS) in phase III trials. The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is associated with a poor prognosis in SCLC, while the anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibody figitumumab has a potential therapeutic value. Tarextumab, an antibody that blocks both Notch2 and Notch3 signaling, in combination with etoposide and platinum (EP) in patients with untreated extensive-stage SCLC, proved to be well-tolerated and showed dosedependent anti-tumor activity. The therapeutic effect of sacituzumab govitecan, BW-2 and lorvotuzumab mertansine in SCLC warranted further evaluation. Bec2/BCG as an adjuvant vaccination in patients with limited-disease SCLC could not improve the survival, PFS, or quality of life. Thus, clinical studies are essential to confirm the anti-tumor efficacy of trastuzumab in SCLC.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE‐ACTIVITY STUDIES WITH THE αβ‐DIHYDROXYACID DEHYDRATASE OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM (1985)

Abstract Untersuchungen an Salmonella typhimurium zeigen, daß (igß‐Dihydroxysäure‐Dehydratase die weiteren biosynthetischen Schritte der Valin‐ Vorstufe (Ia) und der Isoleucinvorstufe (Ib) katalysiert.
Loxoscelism and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (Vacuum-Assisted Closure): A Clinical Case Series (2009)

Brown recluse spider (Loxosceles sp) bites continue to be a significant challenge to manage clinically. Sequelae from these lesions range from chronic necrotic ulcers that persist for months to an acute life-threatening course of sepsis. Negative pressure wound therapy using vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) has been described for use in both acute and chronic wounds. We present a novel application for the use of this therapy in a retrospective review of eight clinical cases treated with the VAC.
Studies on Agents with Vasodilator and ,B-Blocking Activities. IV. (1996)

A series of novel pyridazinone derivatives (II) having a phenoxypropanolamine moiety was synthesized. Their hypotensive and beta-blocking activities were evaluated after intravenous administration of the compounds to anesthetized rats. Among them, the 5-chloro-2-cyanophenoxy derivative (29) showed the promising dual activities and was selected for further studies.