gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Monovalent Cations on the Activity of the DNA Polymerase of Escherichia coli B (1969)

The effect of a number of inorganic salts containing monovalent cations on the activity of the DNA polymerase from E. coli B has been investigated under a variety of conditions. The following results were obtained. In the presence of buffers prepared from organic amines and HCl the enzyme activity is stimulated 3‐ to 15‐fold by chlorides containing K + , Rb + , Cs + or NH + 4 . The buffer concentration influenced the degree of stimulation and the shape of the activation curves. The activation constant for KCl decreased with increasing buffer concentration and with increasing pH. NaCl and LiCl had little or no stimulating effect. The latter two salts counteracted the stimulating effect of the four former salts. In the absence of amine‐HCl buffers it was found that below certain concentrations sodium, potassium and lithium glycinate buffers and potassium and sodium phosphate buffers stimulated the enzyme activity. Data were obtained in favour of the possibility that the monovalent cations under these conditions are indispensible activators for the DNA polymerase reaction. The pattern of stimulation of the enzyme activity by KCl at various amine‐HCl buffer concentrations was similar at different pH values in the pH range from 6.5 to 9.3. At pH 10.5, however, KCl stimulated at low buffer concentrations while all concentrations of this salt inhibited at higher buffer concentrations. In the presence of optimal concentrations of KCl and amine‐HCl buffers the pH optimum curve had a plateau reaching from pH 7.7 to about pH 10.5. The stimulating effect on the enzyme activity observed for potassium salts seems not to be due to an effect on the binding of the substrates to the enzyme but rather to an effect on the catalytic activity of the enzyme. The DNA degrading activity of the enzyme preparation was stimulated by KCl and inhibited by LiCl.
Structural Adaptation of the Nuclear Pore Complex in Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes (2003)

Macromolecules are transported in and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores. It is poorly understood how these megadalton conduits support nucleocytoplasmic traffic during genetic reprogramming associated with cell commitment to a specific lineage. Murine embryonic stem cells were differentiated into cardiomyocytes within embryoid bodies, and contracting cells expressing myocardial-specific proteins were isolated from the mesodermal layer. Compared with postmitotic cardiac cells from heart muscle, these proliferative and differentiating stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes demonstrated a significantly lower density of nuclear pores. At nanoscale resolution, the pore channel was commonly unoccupied in heart muscle-isolated cardiac cells, yet a dense material, presumably the central transporter, protruded toward the cytosolic face of the nuclear pore complex in stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem cell-derived cardiac cells distributed the nuclear transport factor Ran in the nucleus, decreased the number of spare nuclear pore complexes from the cytosolic annulate lamellae reservoir, and expressed a set of nucleoporins, NUP214, NUP358, NUP153, and p62, involved in nuclear transport. Stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes secured transport of nuclear constitutive proteins, cardiogenic transcription factors, and cell cycle regulators, including the prototypic histone H1, myocyte enhancer binding factor 2, and p53. Thus, differentiating stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes undergo structural adaptation and mobilize nuclear transport regulators in support of nucleocytoplasmic communication during commitment to mature cardiac lineage.
Tonal Consonance and Critical Bandwidth (1965)

Firstly, theories are reviewed on the explanation of tonal consonance as the singular nature of tone intervals with frequency ratios corresponding with small integer numbers. An evaluation of these explanations in the light of some experimental studies supports the hypothesis, as promoted by von Helmholtz, that the difference between consonant and dissonant intervals is related to beats of adjacent partials. This relation was studied more fully by experiments in which subjects had to judge simple-tone intervals as a function of test frequency and interval width. The results may be considered as a modification of von Helmholtz's conception and indicate that, as a function of frequency, the transition range between consonant and dissonant intervals is related to critical bandwidth. Simple-tone intervals are evaluated as consonant for frequency differences exceeding this bandwidth. whereas the most dissonant intervals correspond with frequency differences of about a quarter of this bandwidth. On the base of these results, some properties of consonant intervals consisting of complex tones are explained. To answer the question whether critical bandwidth also plays a rôle in music, the chords of two compositions (parts of a trio sonata of J. S. Bach and of a string quartet of A. Dvořák) were analyzed by computing interval distributions as a function of frequency and number of harmonics taken into account. The results strongly suggest that, indeed, critical bandwidth plays an important rôle in music: for a number of harmonics representative for musical instruments, the “density” of simultaneous partials alters as a function of frequency in the same way as critical bandwidth does.
Warm Temperatures Activate TRPV4 in Mouse 308 Keratinocytes (2003)

Mammalian survival requires constant monitoring of environmental and body temperature. Recently, several members of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) subfamily of ion channels have been identified that can be gated by increases in temperature into the warm (TRPV3 and TRPV4) or painfully hot (TRPV1 and TRPV2) range. In rodents, TRPV3 and TRPV4 proteins have not been detected in sensory neurons but are highly expressed in skin epidermal keratinocytes. Here, we show that in response to warm temperatures (>32 degrees C), the mouse 308 keratinocyte cell line exhibits nonselective transmembrane cationic currents and Ca2+ influx. Both TRPV3 and TRPV4 are expressed in 308 cells. However, the warmth-evoked responses we observe most closely resemble those mediated by recombinant TRPV4 on the basis of their electrophysiological properties and sensitivity to osmolarity and the phorbol ester, 4alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate. Together, these data support the notion that keratinocytes are capable of detecting modest temperature elevations, strongly suggest that TRPV4 participates in these responses, and define a system for the cell biological analysis of warmth transduction.
Improved phase factor computation for the PAR reduction of an OFDM signal using PTS (2001)

The peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal can be substantially larger than that of a single carrier system. Partial transmit sequence (PTS) combining can improve the PAR statistics of an OFDM signal. As PTS requires an exhaustive search over all combinations of allowed phase factors, the search complexity increases exponentially with the number of subblocks. In this letter, we present a new algorithm for computing the phase factors that achieves better performance than the exhaustive search approach.
In Vivo Fluorescence of Human Skin (1989)

The correspondence department of theArchivesis meant to provide a forum for exchange of ideas about cutaneous medicine and surgery, and is divided into two sections. The comments and opinions section is intended for responses to articles previously published in the journal or for comments on philosophic and practical issues pertaining to dermatology. If anArchivesarticle is discussed, the letter should contain this reference and be received within two months of the article's publication. The vignettes section contains ministudies, very short case reports, rapid publications, and preliminary observations that lack the data to qualify as full journal articles. We encourage submission of letters for publication in the correspondence section. Acceptance is contingent on editorial review and space available. Correspondence should be double-spaced, submitted in triplicate, and be clearly marked "for publication." Correspondence should not exceed 500 words, contain more than five references and two figures, and must include
Cachectin/TNF or IL-1 alpha induces cachexia with redistribution of body proteins (1989)

Macrophage secretory products are suspected to participate in the severe lean tissue wasting related to chronic illness. The protein metabolic effects of chronic, 7-day cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) or interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) administration in vivo were studied in male Wistar rats that were 1) freely fed, 2) pair fed, 3) total protein and calorie starved, 4) twice daily lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered, 5) twice daily cachectin administered, and 6) twice daily IL-1 alpha administered. LPS, cachectin, or IL-1 alpha administration produced anorexia; weight loss in these groups was comparable to respective pair-fed animals. However, LPS, cachectin, or IL-1 alpha accelerated peripheral protein wasting while preserving liver protein content, unlike the pattern in the pair-fed or starved animals in which loss of liver proteins and relative preservation of skeletal muscle protein were observed. The decrease in skeletal muscle protein content in LPS- or cytokine-treated animals was associated with coordinate decreases in muscle mRNA levels for the myofibrillar proteins myosin heavy chain, myosin light chain, actin, and in the 18S and 28S subunits of ribosomal RNA. We conclude that chronic exposure to the cytokines, IL-1 alpha or cachectin, can simulate those body and muscle protein changes seen in experimental LPS administration or chronic disease and markedly differ from the pattern of protein redistribution due to caloric restriction.
Tramadol Infusion for Postthoracotomy Pain Relief: A Placebo-Controlled Comparison with Epidural Morphine (2002)

A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of postthoracotomy pain relief showed that IV tramadol in the form of a bolus followed by continuous infusion was as effective as epidural morphine. The use of tramadol avoids the necessity of placing a thoracic epidural catheter.
Development of Saxitoxin-Conjugated Affinity Gels (2006)

Saxitoxin (STX) and its analogues accumulated in bivalves cause food poisoning through the blockade of sodium channels in the nervous system. In the current studies, STX-conjugated agarose gels as affinity chromatography reagents were prepared for investigation of the fate of the toxins in natural environments and in the human body. A carboxyl moiety was introduced through positions C11 and C13 to leave the most characteristic part of the molecule intact. Two types of synthesized derivatives, 11-(2-carboxyethylthio)saxitoxin and 13-O-hemisuccinyldecarbamoylsaxitoxin, were successfully conjugated to Sepharose 4B in high yield. Affinity gels containing 500 nmol of STX or decarbamoylsaxitoxin per milliliter of gel were accomplished by masking the residual amino groups by acetylation. Finally, the STX-conjugated affinity gel was effective for concentrating STX-binding proteins from pufferfish and bullfrog plasma.
NTRK1 re-arrangement in papillary thyroid carcinomas of children after the Chernobyl reactor accident (1999)

The prevalence of NTRK1 re-arrangement was determined in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) of children from Belarus who had been exposed to radioactive iodine after the Chernobyl reactor accident; 81 tumors were included, all of which were devoid of RET re-arrangement as analyzed in a current study on genomic alterations in PTC. Oncogenic fusion of the NTRK1 tyrosine kinase domain with the amino-terminal part of the tropomyosin gene (TPM3/NTRK1, trk) was observed in 5 tumors. A single tumor exhibited a TPR/NTRK1 fusion (TRK-T2). Reciprocal NTRK1/TPM3 transcripts were found in 4 of 5 tumors with TPM3/NTRK1 re-arrangement, indicating an intra-chromosomal balanced reciprocal inversion. No phenotypic differences from other post-Chernobyl childhood PTCs were detected. As compared with the high prevalence of RET re-arrangements reported for thyroid carcinomas of children after the Chernobyl reactor accident, NTRK1 re-arrangements appear rare. Our results confirm that activation of receptor tyrosine kinase genes plays the predominant role in post-Chernobyl childhood thyroid carcinogenesis.
Organometallic chemical vapor deposition of platinum. Reaction kinetics and vapor pressures of precursors (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganometallic chemical vapor deposition of platinum. Reaction kinetics and vapor pressures of precursorsZiling Xue, Hareesh Thridandam, Herbert D. Kaesz, and Robert F. HicksCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 1, 162–166Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00019a032https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00019a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views973Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and Use of a Polymer Supported BINAP Hydrogenation Catalyst (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPreparation and Use of a Polymer Supported BINAP Hydrogenation CatalystDaniel J. Bayston, Joanne L. Fraser, Mark R. Ashton, Anthony D. Baxter, Mario E. C. Polywka, and Edwin MosesView Author Information Oxford Asymmetry International plc, 151 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4SD, U.K. Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 9, 3137–3140Publication Date (Web):April 7, 1998Publication History Received30 December 1997Published online7 April 1998Published inissue 1 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo972330ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo972330gbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1423Altmetric-Citations129LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Hydrogenation,Organic compounds,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Room temperature extraordinary magnetoresistance of nonmagnetic narrow-gap semiconductor/metal composites: application to read-head sensors for ultrahigh-density magnetic recording (2002)

The room temperature extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) of a mesoscopic sensor structure prepared from an InSb quantum well of dimension 30 nm wide/spl times/100 nm high/spl times/3 /spl mu/m long is reported. The observed EMR is 4.75% at a relevant field of 0.05 T. The advantages and disadvantages of this nonmagnetic composite semiconductor/metal structure relative to that of conventional magnetic giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) devices for use as read-heads in high-density magnetic recording are discussed.
Investigation of the Staphylococcus aureus GraSR Regulon Reveals Novel Links to Virulence, Stress Response and Cell Wall Signal Transduction Pathways (2011)

The GraS/GraR two-component system has been shown to control cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance in the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. We demonstrated that graX, also involved in CAMP resistance and cotranscribed with graRS, encodes a regulatory cofactor of the GraSR signaling pathway, effectively constituting a threecomponent system. We identified a highly conserved ten base pair palindromic sequence (59 ACAAA TTTGT 39) located upstream from GraR-regulated genes (mprF and the dlt and vraFG operons), which we show to be essential for transcriptional regulation by GraR and induction in response to CAMPs, suggesting it is the likely GraR binding site. Genome-based predictions and transcriptome analysis revealed several novel GraR target genes. We also found that the GraSR TCS is required for growth of S. aureus at high temperatures and resistance to oxidative stress. The GraSR system has previously been shown to play a role in S. aureus pathogenesis and we have uncovered previously unsuspected links with the AgrCA peptide quorum-sensing system controlling virulence gene expression. We also show that the GraSR TCS controls stress reponse and cell wall metabolism signal transduction pathways, sharing an extensive overlap with the WalKR regulon. This is the first report showing a role for the GraSR TCS in high temperature and oxidative stress survival and linking this system to stress response, cell wall and pathogenesis control pathways.
Interhelical DNA-DNA crosslinking. Bis(monoazidomethidium)octaoxahexacosanediamine: a probe of packaged nucleic acid (1982)

We describe the synthesis and purification of a new light-sensitive bifunctional molecule, bis(monoazidomethidium)octaoxahexacosanediamine (BAMO) (1), which contains all the criteria presumed necessary for an interhelical DNA-DNA cross-linker: a photoreactive DNA intercalator, monoazidomethidium, and a polyethyleneoxy chain sufficiently long (&gt;25 Å) to span contiguous nucleic acid double helices. We also present evidence that BAMO efficiently cross-links packaged nucleic acid in intact bacteriophage λ.
Total Ionizing Dose Effects on FinFET-Based Capacitor-Less 1T-DRAMs (2010)

We have characterized the total ionizing dose (TID) response of SOI FinFETs, fabricated in two different technologies, operated in 1T-DRAM mode, one with poly-crystalline Si gates and a SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gate dielectric, and the other with metal gates and a high-K gate dielectric. These devices were programmed using both back-gate pulse and gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) programming methods. 1T-DRAM cells programmed with back-gate pulses are quite sensitive to total ionizing dose radiation, with the memory sensing margin and retention time decreasing significantly with increasing dose. In contrast, the sensing margin and retention time show high tolerance to total ionizing dose irradiation when the 1T-DRAM cells are programmed via GIDL. The sensing margin increases significantly with decreasing gate length for 1T-DRAM cells programmed via GIDL. We conclude that capacitor-less 1T-DRAMs programmed via GIDL are strong candidates for embedded memory applications for ultimately scaled CMOS devices in high-TID applications.
Vascular regrowth following photodynamic therapy in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (2010)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces damage to the endothelium, which can lead to increased vascular permeability and, under intensive PDT conditions, even to platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, and blood flow stasis. Eventually, ischemia, hypoxia, and inflammation can occur, resulting in angiogenesis. We studied the sequence of the vascular events after Visudyne-PDT in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) at day 11 of development. Using epi-fluorescence microscopy, we monitored the regrowth of capillaries in the PDT treated area. Immediately after irradiation, the treatment resulted in blood flow arrest. And 24 h post PDT, sprouting of new blood vessels was observed at the edge of the PDT zone. Neovessels looping out from the edge of the PDT zone gave rise to specialized endothelial tip structures guiding the vessels towards the center of the treated area. At 48 h almost all of the treated area was repopulated with functional but morphologically altered vasculature. These observations also showed reperfusion of some of the vessels that had been closed by the PDT treatment. CAM samples were immunohistochemically stained for Ki-67 showing proliferation of endothelial cells in the PDT area. Also, several markers of immature and angiogenic blood vessels, such as αVβ3-integrin, vimentin and galectin-1, were found to be enhanced in the PDT area, while the endothelial maturation marker intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 was found to be suppressed. These results demonstrate that the new vascular bed is formed by both neo-angiogenesis and reperfusion of existing vessels. Both the quantitative real-time RT-PCR profile and the response to pharmacological treatment with Avastin, an inhibitor of angiogenesis, suggest that angiogenesis occurs after PDT. The observed molecular profiling results and the kinetics of gene regulation may enable optimizing combination therapies involving PDT for treatment of cancer and other diseases.
DataGarage (2010)

Contemporary datacenters house tens of thousands of servers. The servers are closely monitored for operating conditions and utilizations by collecting their performance data (e.g., CPU utilization). In this paper, we show that existing database and file-system solutions are not suitable for warehousing performance data collected from a large number of servers because of the scale and the complexity of performance data. We describe the design and implementation of DataGarage, a performance data warehousing system that we have developed at Microsoft. DataGarage is a hybrid solution that combines benefits of DBMSs, file-systems, and MapReduce systems to address unique challenges of warehousing performance data. We describe how DataGarage allows efficient storage and analysis of years of historical performance data collected from many tens of thousands of servers---on commodity servers. We also report DataGarage's performance with a real dataset and a 32-node, 256-core shared-nothing cluster and our experience of using DataGarage at Microsoft for the last one year.