gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the context of other imaging techniques and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma (2009)

F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a powerful tool to investigate the role of tumor metabolic activity and its suppression by therapy for cancer survival. As part of Total Therapy 3 for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, metastatic bone survey, magnetic resonance imaging, and FDG-PET scanning were evaluated in 239 untreated patients. All 3 imaging techniques showed correlations with prognostically relevant baseline parameters: the number of focal lesions (FLs), especially when FDG-avid by PET-computed tomography, was positively linked to high levels of beta-2-microglobulin, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase; among gene expression profiling parameters, high-risk and proliferation-related parameters were positively and low-bone-disease molecular subtype inversely correlated with FL. The presence of more than 3 FDG-avid FLs, related to fundamental features of myeloma biology and genomics, was the leading independent parameter associated with inferior overall and event-free survival. Complete FDG suppression in FL before first transplantation conferred significantly better outcomes and was only opposed by gene expression profiling-defined high-risk status, which together accounted for approximately 50% of survival variability (R(2) test). Our results provide a rationale for testing the hypothesis that myeloma survival can be improved by altering treatment in patients in whom FDG suppression cannot be achieved after induction therapy.
La estrategia de la OTAN en Afganistán: visión y contribución de España (2009)

La OTAN se hizo cargo de la conduccion de la ISAF en agosto de 2003. Su contribucion es parte del esfuerzo internacional para la estabilizacion de Afganistan que incluye, ademas de la seguridad, la reconstruccion y el desarrollo. La estrategia seguida por la OTAN ha evolucionado desde un enfoque reactivo frente a la evolucion militar de la situacion, a otro mas pro-activo, otorgando prioridad al control politico del Consejo del Atlantico Norte. El proceso de ajuste que condujo a la Vision Estrategica de ISAF �aprobada en abril de 2008� ha sido largo y controvertido, y refleja los postulados que ha venido defendiendo Espana.

Este ARI describe el proceso de evolucion de la estrategia seguida por la OTAN en Afganistan y analiza los elementos de la contribucion espanola a la misma. Entre otros, Espana ha apostado por que la estrategia seguida por la OTAN se oriente hacia la �afganizacion�, la mejora de la coordinacion internacional, el incremento del control politico de ISAF por el Consejo Atlantico, el equilibrio entre la seguridad, la reconstruccion y el desarrollo como elementos inseparables de la estabilizacion, un enfoque regional inclusivo y la prevencion y gestion transparente de los incidentes con bajas civiles
Store–Operated Ca2+ Channels in Mesangial Cells Inhibit Matrix Protein Expression (2015)

Accumulation of extracellular matrix derived from glomerular mesangial cells is an early feature of diabetic nephropathy. Ca(2+) signals mediated by store-operated Ca(2+) channels regulate protein production in a variety of cell types. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of store-operated Ca(2+) channels in mesangial cells on extracellular matrix protein expression. In cultured human mesangial cells, activation of store-operated Ca(2+) channels by thapsigargin significantly decreased fibronectin protein expression and collagen IV mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, inhibition of the channels by 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate significantly increased the expression of fibronectin and collagen IV. Similarly, overexpression of stromal interacting molecule 1 reduced, but knockdown of calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1) increased fibronectin protein expression. Furthermore, 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate significantly augmented angiotensin II-induced fibronectin protein expression, whereas thapsigargin abrogated high glucose- and TGF-β1-stimulated matrix protein expression. In vivo knockdown of Orai1 in mesangial cells of mice using a targeted nanoparticle siRNA delivery system resulted in increased expression of glomerular fibronectin and collagen IV, and mice showed significant mesangial expansion compared with controls. Similarly, in vivo knockdown of stromal interacting molecule 1 in mesangial cells by recombinant adeno-associated virus-encoded shRNA markedly increased collagen IV protein expression in renal cortex and caused mesangial expansion in rats. These results suggest that store-operated Ca(2+) channels in mesangial cells negatively regulate extracellular matrix protein expression in the kidney, which may serve as an endogenous renoprotective mechanism in diabetes.
Y box-binding protein-1 binds preferentially to single-stranded nucleic acids and exhibits 3'->5' exonuclease activity (2001)

We have previously shown that Y box-binding protein-1 (YB-1) binds preferentially to cisplatin-modified Y box sequences. Based on structural and biochemical data, we predicted that this protein binds single-stranded nucleic acids. In the present study we confirmed the prediction and also discovered some unexpected functional features of YB-1. We found that the cold shock domain of the protein is necessary but not sufficient for double-stranded DNA binding while the C-tail domain interacts with both single-stranded DNA and RNA independently of the cold shock domain. In an in vitro translation system the C-tail domain of the protein inhibited translation but the cold shock domain did not. Both in vitro pull-down and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that YB-1 can form a homodimer. Deletion analysis mapped the C-tail domain of the protein as the region of homodimerization. We also characterized an intrinsic 3'-->5' DNA exonuclease activity of the protein. The region between residues 51 and 205 of its 324-amino acid extent is required for full exonuclease activity. Our findings suggest that YB-1 functions in regulating DNA/RNA transactions and that these actions involve different domains.
Using hypermedia to teach cardiovascular imaging: a prototype system based on hypercard (2003)

The authors describe a computer-based learning environment to familiarize the student with the strengths and weaknesses of various cardiac imaging modalities for evaluating left-ventricular (LV) function. It uses an association-based hypermedia approach implemented with HyperCard and can be updated easily to remain current as imaging techniques evolve. The system allows medical image data to be directly integrated with text, audio, and computer graphics on a general-purpose low-cost workstation that has the capability to display images and movies of a beating heart.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
On the impact of virtualization on Dropbox-like cloud file storage/synchronization services (2012)

Powered by cloud computing, Dropbox not only provides reliable file storage but also enables effective file synchronization and user collaboration. This new generation of service, beyond conventional client/server or peer-to-peer file hosting with storage only, has attracted a vast number of Internet users. It is however known that the synchronization delay of Dropbox-like systems is increasing with their expansion, often beyond the accepted level for practical collaboration. In this paper, we present an initial measurement to understand the design and performance bottleneck of the proprietary Dropbox system. Our measurement identifies the cloud servers/instances utilized by Dropbox, revealing its hybrid design with both Amazon's S3 (for storage) and Amazon's EC2 (for computation). The mix of bandwidth-intensive tasks (such as content delivery) and computation-intensive tasks (such as compare hash values for the contents) in Dropbox enables seamless collaboration and file synchronization among multiple users; yet their interference, revealed in our experiments, creates a severe bottleneck that prolongs the synchronization delay with virtual machines in the cloud, which has not seen in conventional physical machines. We thus re-model the resource provisioning problem in the Dropbox-like systems and present an interference-aware solution that smartly allocates the Dropbox tasks to different cloud instances. Evaluation results show that our solution remarkably reduces the synchronization delay for this new generation of file hosting service.
The 99mTc-DTPA dynamic renal scan with deconvolution analysis. (1976)

Dynamic renal studies were performed with 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA). The results were analyzed by the method of mathematical deconvolution in order to obtain the impulse response function of the kidney. Regional analysis of the kidney was attempted by evaluating the independent responses of the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis to a bolus injection of 99mTc-DTPA.
Diversity of Conus Neuropeptides (1990)

Conus venoms contain a remarkable diversity of pharmacologically active small peptides. Their targets are ion channels and receptors in the neuromuscular system. The venom of Conus geographus contains high-affinity peptides that act on voltage-sensitive calcium channels, sodium channels, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, acetylcholine receptors, and vasopressin receptors; many more peptides with still uncharacterized receptor targets are present in this venom. It now seems that the Conus species (approximately 500 in number) will each use a distinctive assortment of peptides and that the pharmacological diversity in Conus venoms may be ultimately comparable to that of plant alkaloids or secondary metabolites of microorganisms. The cone snails may generate this diverse spectrum of venom peptides by a "fold-lock-cut" synthetic pathway. These peptides are specific enough to discriminate effectively between closely related receptor subtypes and can be used for structure-function correlations.
SZOPTATÓ KOCÁK CSOPORTOS TARTÁSÁNAK HATÁSA A TERMELÉSI EREDMÉNYEKRE (2006)

A kísérletben a szerzők fialás után egyesével tartott kocák termelési eredményeit hasonlították össze olyan csoporttal, ahol kettesével tartották a kocákat egészen a választás időpontjáig. A szoptató kocák csoportos tartásában a malacok elhullási százaléka jelentős mértékben meghaladta a kontrollcsoport hasonló mutatóit, mert a fiaztató kutrica két koca számára kicsi, és nem védi semmi a malacokat az összenyomás ellen. A kutrica méretét növelni kell és mindkét oldalán malacvédő rácsot szükséges elhelyezni. További lehetőség az elhullási százalék csökkentésére, hogy a kocák csoportos összerakásának időpontját lehetőség szerint kitolják. A szoptatás idején a csoportosan tartott kocáknál az egy kocára jutó várható jövedelem 8000 forinttal volt kevesebb, mint a kontrollcsoportnál. Ez telepi szinten óriási bevételkiesés, ami csökkenti annak a lehetőségét, hogy valamilyen technológiai fejlesztés kezdődjön a jövőben a probléma megoldására. A csoportos tartásban a szűkebb hely miatt a technológia jobban amortizálódik, ami hosszú távon szintén a kiadás oldalát növeli. A párosával tartott kocák több stresszhatásnak kitettek, ami nemcsak a malacokra nézve veszélyes, hanem károsan befolyásolhatja a kocák involúcióját, ami a későbbiekben ezeknél az egyedeknél a vemhesülési százalék csökkenését is jelentheti. ----------------------------------------- The authors compared the production performance of sows kept singly after farrowing with experimental groups that were kept in twos right until the time of separation. The loss of suckling piglets in aggregate keeping significantly exceeded the loss in singly kept groups. This was because dropping boxes were not large enough for two sows and nothing protected the piglets against squashing. Dropping boxes would have to be enlarged and piglet protecting railings would have to be installed on two sides of each box. Piglet losses could be further reduced if the time of aggregate keeping would be delayed as long as possible. The income per sow for animals kept during nursing in aggregate groups was 8000HUF less than that in the control group. This is an enormous loss of income for a farm and reduces the chances of future technological development for solving the problem. Because of the small size of dropping boxes the technology in aggregate keeping is quickly amortised further increasing long term costs. Animals kept in twos are exposed to extra stress that endangers not only the piglets but also the sows. This can affect ovulation and lead eventually to reduced fertility.
A Comparison of Methods Used for the Reconstruction of GC/FT-IR Chromatograms (1979)

Various methods are described for the reconstruction of GC/ IR chromatograms from single scan interferometric data. The methods are compared on the basis of signal-to-noise estimate calculations and on the basis of estimates of the total number of computations required per interferogram processed. Some improvements over previously described methods have been devised. It has been concluded that the use of an improved form of the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization reconstruction or of a Euclidean distance reconstruction results in optimal signal-to-noise with respect to computation time required.
Isolation of mutations affecting neural circuitry required for grooming behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. (1993)

We have developed a screen for the isolation of mutations that produce neural defects in adult Drosophila melanogaster. In this screen, we identify mutants as flies unable to remove a light coating of applied dust in a 2-hr period. We have recovered and characterized six mutations and have found that they produce coordination defects and some have reduced levels of reflex responsiveness to the stimulation of single tactile sensory bristles. The grooming defects produced by all six of the mutations are recessive, and each of the mutations has been genetically mapped. We have also used our assay to test the grooming ability of stocks containing mutations that produce known neural defects.
Distinct retinoid X receptor activation function-2 residues mediate transactivation in homodimeric and vitamin D receptor heterodimeric contexts (2001)

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) stimulates transcription as a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3))-activated heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR). RXR also forms homodimers to mediate 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA)-induced gene expression. Both receptors possess a C-terminal hormone-dependent activation function-2 (AF-2), a highly conserved region that binds coactivators to transduce the transcriptional signal. By replacing single amino acids within the AF-2 of human RXR alpha (hRXR alpha) or mouse RXR beta (mRXR beta), the contribution of these residues to transactivation by the RXR-VDR heterodimer and the RXR-RXR homodimer was evaluated. In 9-cis RA-responsive homodimers, the second and fourth positions of the AF-2 (leucine and glutamate respectively) are essential. However, in the context of an RXR-VDR heterodimer activated by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), alteration of these two RXR residues has little effect. Instead, AF-2 residues located towards the C-terminus, such as the penultimate position (L455 in hRXR alpha or L441 in mRXR beta), are crucial for RXR-VDR heterodimers. Indeed, L455A mutant RXR exerts a dominant negative effect on RXR-VDR transcriptional responsiveness to 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). Further experiments with a mutant hRXR alpha (F313A) which elicits 9-cis RA-independent transactivation as a homodimer demonstrate that, when heterodimerized with VDR, this RXR mutant is incapable of activating the RXR-VDR heterocomplex in the absence of the VDR ligand. Taken together, these results indicate that RXR is a subordinate, yet essential transcriptional partner in RXR-VDR-mediated activation of gene expression. Furthermore, a functional switch in RXR AF-2 signaling occurs between RXR residues in the homodimeric versus the heterodimeric states, likely reflecting different interactions between subregions of the AF-2 and coactivator(s).
Glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of chemotherapy in ovarian carcinomas (2006)

The glucocorticoid dexamethasone is frequently used as a co-treatment in cytotoxic cancer therapy, e.g. to prevent nausea, to protect normal tissue or for other reasons. While the potent pro-apoptotic properties and supportive effects of glucocorticoids to tumour therapy in lymphoid cells are well studied, the impact on the cytotoxic treatment of ovarian carcinoma is unknown. We tested apoptosis-induction, viability, tumour growth and protein expression using established cell lines, primary cell lines freshly isolated from patient material and a xenograft on nude mice. We found a general induction of resistance toward cytotoxic therapy by DEX-co-treatment in most of the examined ovarian cancer cells treated in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo. Resistance occurred independently of cell density and was found at peak plasma levels of dexamethasone and below. Mechanistically, the dexamethasone-induced expression of survival genes may be involved in the resistance. These data show that glucocorticoid-induced resistance is common in ovarian carcinomas implicating that the use of glucocorticoids may be harmful for cancer patients.
Posterior pedicle screw reduction and fixation, decompressive laminectomy and massive autogenous bone grafting for treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis (2013)

Objective To investigate the effect of posterior pedicle screw reduction and fixation,decompressive laminectomy and massive autogenous bone grafting using bone particles harvested from resected vertebral body in treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.Methods Fifty-six cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis treated from June 2005 and June 2006 were reviewed retrospectively.According to Meyerding classification,35 cases were classified as grade Ⅰslippage and 21 cases as grade Ⅱ slippage.There were 19 spondylolisthesis at L4/5 and 37 at L5-S1.After posterior pedicle screw reduction and fixation,decompressive laminectomy and massive autologous bone grafting using particles of resected vertebral body,surgical outcome was analyzed.Results All cases achieved bone fusion without evidence of nail breakage or nerve injury.According to Macrab criteria,the results were excellent in 53 cases and good in three.Moreover,both the full reduction rate and interbody fusion rate were 100％.Conclusion Posterior pedicle screw reduction and fixation,decompressive laminectomy plus massive autogenous bone grafting is one of the ideal treatments for lumbar spondylolisthesis,for it achieves satisfactory fixation,decompression,reduction and fusion.

Key words: 
Spinal injuries;  Spondylolysis;  Decompression, surgical;  Bone transplantation
Identification and Characterization of the Linear IS3 Molecules Generated by Staggered Breaks (1996)

Insertion sequences IS3 encodes two, out-of-phase, overlapping open reading frames, orfA and orfB. The OrfAB transframe protein that is IS3 transposase is produced by -1 translational frameshifting between orfA and orfB. Efficient production of the IS3 transposase in the cells harboring the IS3-carrying plasmid has been shown to generate miniplasmids as well as characteristic minicircles, called IS3 circles, consisting of the entire IS3 sequence and one of the 3-base pair sequences flanking IS3 in the parental plasmid. Here, we show that the IS3 transposase also generates the linear molecules of IS3 with 3-nucleotide overhangs at the 5'-ends. The nucleotide sequences of the overhangs are the same as those flanking IS3 in the parental plasmid, suggesting that the linear IS3 molecules are generated from the parental plasmid DNA by staggered double strand breaks at the end regions of IS3. The linear IS3 molecules are likely to be the early intermediates in the transposition reaction, which proceeds in a non-replicative manner.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Homogeneous Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides (2017)

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a sulfated polysaccharide that plays essential physiological roles. Here, we report an enzyme-based method for the synthesis of a library of 15 different CS oligosaccharides. This library covers 4-O-sulfated and 6-O-sulfated oligosaccharides ranging from trisaccharides to nonasaccharides. We also describe the synthesis of unnatural 6-O-sulfated CS pentasaccharides containing either a 6-O-sulfo-2-azidogalactosamine or a 6-O-sulfogalactosamine residue. The availability of structurally defined CS oligosaccharides offers a novel approach to investigate the biological functions of CS.
A vaccine against Campylobacter jejuni serotype HS:5 (2013)

Campylobacter jejuni bacterial pathogen is among the primary causes of food-borne acute gastroenteritis in North America and the world. It has also been linked to severe post-infection sequelae such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. Previous studies identified C. jejuni surface capsular polysaccharide (CPS) as a target for creation of a carbohydrate based vaccine in which the CPS is conjugated to a carrier protein. In this thesis, following sample purification, aspects of C. jejuni HS:5 CPS structure were characterized using numerous analytical techniques such as NMR and GC-MS. CPS is comprised of α-DD-Heptoses linked at C2 to the anomeric carbons of glucose. The α-Glucose molecules are linked though C4 to the α-DD-Heptose anomeric carbon. The α-DD-Heptose structure also has an occasional ring structured amino acid modification. Following characterization the CPS was oxidized and developed into a prototype glycoconjugate vaccine using TEMPO oxidation and EDC-CRM197 coupling methods.
Technology evaluation: lerdelimumab, Cambridge Antibody Technology. (2003)

Cambridge Antibody Technology is developing lerdelimumab (CAT-152), the lead in a series of human anti-TGF beta 2 antibodies, for its potential in preventing post-operative scarring in patients undergoing surgery for glaucoma (trabulectomy). It also has potential for the treatment of fibrosis, cataract, retinopathy and connective tissue disease.
A scaling law for membrane permeabilization with nanopulses (2009)

Experimental studies of plasma membrane permeabilization, caused by single, intense, submicrosecond square wave pulses, indicate that the product of electric field amplitude and pulse duration (the electrical impulse) can be considered a similarity or scaling factor. A model based on the hypothesis that the intensity of membrane permeabilization effects is linearly dependent on the electric charge transferred through the permeabilized membrane, provides results, which are consistent with the empirical observations. For multiple pulses, bioelectric effects caused by ultrashort pulses were found to scale with the square root of the pulse number. This square root dependence on the pulse number points to a statistical motion of cells between pulses with respect to the applied electric field, and can be explained using an extension of the random walk statistical results to random rotations. Besides membrane permeabilization, the scaling law has also been shown to hold for secondary bioelectric effects, which are caused by permeability changes in the plasma membrane or subcellular membranes.