gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method to Generate Fullbore Images Using Borehole Images and Multi-Point Statistics (2009)

Abstract Borehole image logs, produced by tools lowered into a well, provide oriented electrical and acoustic maps of the rocks and fluids encountered in the borehole. Electrical borehole images in water-based (conducting) and oil-based (non-conducting) muds are generated from electrodes arranged in fixed patterns on pads that are pressed against the borehole wall. Depending on the borehole diameter, gaps nearly always occur between pads. Because of these gaps, it is common to have non-imaged parts of the borehole wall. Fullbore images are complete, 360-degree views of the borehole wall. They are generated by "filling in the gaps" between the pads of borehole-image logs. This method uses the FILTERSIM algorithm of multi-point statistics to generate models, or realizations. Measured (incomplete) borehole images themselves are used as "training images." Recorded data are perfectly honored, i.e., the models are conditioned to the real data. Gaps are filled with patterns similar to those seen elsewhere in the log. Patterns in the gaps match the edges of the pads. The frequency distribution of continuously variable pixel colors in the gaps matches the distribution of pixel colors in the measured images. Fullbore images facilitate visualization and interpretation of borehole-image logs. They can be used to draw closed contours around electrically resistive or non-resistive patches in the borehole wall. Fullbore images can be used to repair logs with bad electrodes, low pad pressure, or poor acoustic reflections. Therefore, they can be used to enhance any commercially available electrical or acoustic borehole images.
HDAC6-induced premature chromatin compaction in mouse oocytes and fertilised eggs (2003)

Chromatin remodelling in the fertilised mouse egg is intimately linked to protein synthesis and degradation, to protamine by histone replacement and to specific histone modifications. The involvement of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the beginning of development is poorly understood. HDACs are essential for cell proliferation and in the control of gene expression in a wide variety of mammalian systems. Here we focus on mHDAC6, a recently identified class II histone deacetylase, and we analyse its expression and localisation in oocytes and pronuclear zygotes. By indirect immunofluorescence we show that mHDAC6 is detected in the cytoplasm of germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes and 1-cell embryos. Ectopic expression of this enzyme after injection into germinal vesicles and pronuclei alters the nuclear structure and causes premature compaction of the chromatin. Our data suggest that the effect of condensation is linked to the ubiquitin-binding activity of mHDAC6, rather than to its function as a deacetylase.
Antigenic profile of tumor progression stages in human melanocytic nevi and melanomas. (1989)

Sixteen monoclonal antibodies that were obtained after immunization of BALB/c mice with intact melanoma cells or extracts of melanoma cells were tested for reactivity with normal and malignant melanocytic cells in situ, using an immunoperoxidase technique on frozen tissue sections. Sections representing six histopathologically defined stages of tumor progression, ranging from normal melanocytes to highly malignant metastatic lesions, were used. Thirteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) did not stain normal melanocytes in situ, whereas three MAbs weakly stained between 1 and 12.5% of melanocytes in 6-22% of the skin sections examined. MAb B 73.1, which was produced by immunization of mice with human natural killer cells and which binds to the Fc receptor of natural killer cells and granulocytes, reacted exclusively with malignant cells that represent the last two stages of tumor progression, vertical growth phase (VGP) primary melanoma and metastatic melanoma. All other antibodies showed variable reactivity with benign proliferative lesions or radial growth phase (RGP), an early stage of primary melanoma. Staining by MAbs that were reactive with gangliosides, unknown antigens, receptors, and two proteins (120/94 kDa protein and 250 kDa glycoprotein) showed a gradual increase in subsequent stages of tumor progression. Two steps in tumor progression were characterized by significant quantitative changes in the expression of antigens detected by the MAbs used in this study. First, mature nevus cells showed significantly higher reactivity with a panel of six MAbs, when compared to normal melanocytes. Second, a separate panel of six MAbs discriminated between RGP and VGP primary melanoma cells. No significant differences in antigen expression were found between dysplastic nevus cells and RGP melanoma, except that some antigens (nerve growth factor receptor and GD2/GD3 gangliosides) appear to be expressed at lower levels in RGP lesions, nor did VGP primary and metastatic melanomas show significant differences in antigen expression. These results suggest that (a) tumor progression of melanocytic cells in vivo is accompanied by significant quantitative differences in the expression of antigens, (b) some of the antigens examined here are associated with biologically aggressive malignant lesions but not normal or premalignant melanocytic cells, and (c) RGP primary melanoma cells are antigenically more similar to nevus cells than to VGP primary melanoma cells.
Key to genera of Afrotropical Sciomyzidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae) with new records, synonymies and biological notes (1995)

An identification key to 12 genera, currently known from the Afrotropical (subsaharan) Region, is presented. This includes 3 recently recorded genera: Ditaeniella Sack (Miller 1991), Hydromya Robineau-Desvoidy and Pteromicra Lioy (Miller 1993 1994). The subgenus Graphomyzina Macquart of Pherbellia Robineau-Desvoidy s. lat. is given generic status. New synonymies are given for Ethiolimnia capensis (Schiner 1868) (= E. geniculata (Loew 1862)) and Sepedon jonesi Barraclough, 1985 (= S. scapularis Adams, 1903). New collection records are given for Salticella stuckenbergi Verbeke, and these flies are reported as scavenging on large agate snails (?Archachatina sp.). Rearings in progress with Ditaeniella sp. indicate a larval preference for the indigenous Bulinus ?tropicus (Krauss); they differ from Sepedon in being less voracious as mature larvae and the first instars preferring to scavenge on dead and dying snails. Unidentified sciomyzid puparia found in the shells of the invasive Grey Snail, Theba pisana (MA¼ller), first reported by Miller (1993 1994), probably belong to Ethiolimnia species. These are the first records of parasitoid sciomyzids feeding on terrestrial snails in the Afrotropica1 Region.
Oral contraceptives and breast cancer review and meta-analysis (1990)

To evaluate the relation between use of oral contraceptives and the incidence of breast cancer, the authors reviewed the epidemiologic literature and used quantitative methods to summarize the data. Study results for any use of oral contraceptives were pooled using a model that accounted for both interstudy and intrastudy variability. The authors also explored interstudy variability and modeled a duration-effect relation between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer. Case-control and follow-up studies were considered separately. Overall, the authors observed no increase in the risk of breast cancer for women who had ever used oral contraceptives, even after a long duration of use. These results were consistent across study design. However, data combined from case-control studies revealed a statistically significant positive trend (P = 0.001) in the risk of premenopausal breast cancer for women exposed to oral contraceptives for longer duration. This risk was predominant among women who used oral contraceptives for at least 4 years before their first term pregnancy (relative risk = 1.72; 95% confidence interval = 1.36 to 2.19). Additional study is required to determine whether this finding in a subgroup of exposed women is confirmed and whether the risk remains increased with advancing age.
Multi-target tracking by on-line learned discriminative appearance models (2010)

We present an approach for online learning of discriminative appearance models for robust multi-target tracking in a crowded scene from a single camera. Although much progress has been made in developing methods for optimal data association, there has been comparatively less work on the appearance models, which are key elements for good performance. Many previous methods either use simple features such as color histograms, or focus on the discriminability between a target and the background which does not resolve ambiguities between the different targets. We propose an algorithm for learning a discriminative appearance model for different targets. Training samples are collected online from tracklets within a time sliding window based on some spatial-temporal constraints; this allows the models to adapt to target instances. Learning uses an Ad-aBoost algorithm that combines effective image descriptors and their corresponding similarity measurements. We term the learned models as OLDAMs. Our evaluations indicate that OLDAMs have significantly higher discrimination between different targets than conventional holistic color histograms, and when integrated into a hierarchical association framework, they help improve the tracking accuracy, particularly reducing the false alarms and identity switches.
Phase I immunotoxin trial in patients with B-cell lymphoma. (1991)

Fifteen patients with refractory B-cell lymphoma were treated in a Phase I dose escalation clinical trial with a highly potent immunotoxin consisting of the Fab' fragment of a monoclonal anti-CD22 antibody (RFB4) coupled to chemically deglycosylated ricin A chain. All patients had low, intermediate, or high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The immunotoxin was administered i.v. in two to six doses at 48-h intervals. The peak serum concentration and the t1/2 were not dose dependent among patients and averaged 1.3 micrograms/ml and 86 min, respectively. Three patients made antibody against A chain, and a fourth made antibody against both A chain and mouse immunoglobulin. Antibody responses were low (less than or equal to 85 micrograms/ml) in three patients and were not detected until 1 mo after treatment. The maximum tolerated dose of the immunotoxin was 75 mg/m2. Dose-related toxicities included vascular leak syndrome, fever, anorexia, and myalgia. Dose-limiting toxicities included pulmonary edema and/or effusion, expressive aphasia, and rhabdomyolysis (resulting in reversible kidney failure). There was no evidence of liver dysfunction. Partial responses were achieved in 38% of evaluable patients, and in those patients who had greater than 50% CD22+ tumor cells, 50% of the patients achieved a partial response. Clinical responses were not related to tumor grade and were generally transient, lasting between 1 and 4 mo.
Effects of a grooved epoxy substratum on epithelial cell behavior in vitro and in vivo (1988)

The effects of grooved epoxy substrata on epithelial (E) cell behavior were studied in vitro and in vivo. V-shaped grooves, 10 microns deep, were produced in silicon wafers by micromachining, a process which was developed for the fabrication of microelectronic components. The grooved substrata were replicated in epoxy resin. More E cells attached to grooved surfaces than to adjacent smooth surfaces. Clusters of E cells were markedly oriented by the grooved surfaces in comparison to the adjacent smooth surfaces where the orientation was random. Grooved and smooth epoxy implants were placed percutaneously in the parietal area of rats. One week after implantation E cells were found to adhere tightly to the implant surfaces. In the grooved portion of the implant E cells interdigitated into the grooves and had rounded nuclei. Histomorphometric measurements indicated that there was a shorter length of epithelial attachment and a longer length of connective tissue attachment in the grooved, compared to the smooth, portion of implants. After 10 days the epithelial attachment had migrated down the length of the protruding smooth portion of the implant and was located on the base of the implant. However, epithelium remained attached to the grooved portion of the implant. These observations indicate that grooved surfaces have the potential to impede epithelial downgrowth on percutaneous devices.
Expression of the β6 integrin subunit in development, neoplasia and tissue repair suggests a role in epithelial remodeling (1995)

The alpha v beta 6 integrin was identified in cultured epithelial cells and functions as a fibronectin receptor. We have now used monoclonal antibodies to determine in vivo expression patterns of the beta 6 subunit in normal and pathological human or primate tissues, and during experimental wound healing or induced lung injury. The results indicate that beta 6 expression is restricted to epithelia and is up-regulated in parallel with morphogenetic events, tumorigenesis, and epithelial repair. During development of the kidney, lung, and skin, we found that beta 6 is expressed by specific types of epithelial cells, whereas it is mostly undetectable in normal adult kidney, lung and skin. In contrast, we detected high-level expression in several types of carcinoma. For example, beta 6 is almost invariably neo-expressed in squamous cell carcinomas derived from the oral mucosa, often focally localized at the infiltrating edges of tumor islands. Expression of beta 6 is also upregulated in migrating keratinocytes at the wound edge during experimental epidermal wound healing. Similarly, beta 6 expression is induced in type II alveolar epithelial cells during lung injury caused by injection of live bacteria. We also observed beta 6 expression in adult lungs and kidneys at focal sites of subclinical inflammation, as well as in a variety of clinical specimens from patients with chronic or acute inflammation of the lungs or kidneys. From these findings and earlier results, we hypothesize that alpha v beta 6 affects cell spreading, migration and growth during reorganization of epithelia in development, tissue repair, and neoplasia.
Triblock Copolymer Syntheses of Mesoporous Silica with Periodic 50 to 300 Angstrom Pores (1998)

Use of amphiphilic triblock copolymers to direct the organization of polymerizing silica species has resulted in the preparation of well-ordered hexagonal mesoporous silica structures (SBA-15) with uniform pore sizes up to approximately 300 angstroms. The SBA-15 materials are synthesized in acidic media to produce highly ordered, two-dimensional hexagonal (space group p6mm) silica-block copolymer mesophases. Calcination at 500 degrees C gives porous structures with unusually large interlattice d spacings of 74.5 to 320 angstroms between the (100) planes, pore sizes from 46 to 300 angstroms, pore volume fractions up to 0.85, and silica wall thicknesses of 31 to 64 angstroms. SBA-15 can be readily prepared over a wide range of uniform pore sizes and pore wall thicknesses at low temperature (35 degrees to 80 degrees C), using a variety of poly(alkylene oxide) triblock copolymers and by the addition of cosolvent organic molecules. The block copolymer species can be recovered for reuse by solvent extraction with ethanol or removed by heating at 140 degrees C for 3 hours, in both cases, yielding a product that is thermally stable in boiling water.
Modulation of ras expression by anti-sense, nonionic deoxyoligonucleotide analogs. (1989)

Anti-ras oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates (ONMP's) complementary to the initiation codon region have been synthesized to explore their efficacy and specificity on ras-p21 translation. ONMP (IC-0) precisely complementing the first initial 11 nucleotides of the Balb-ras initiation codon region acts in a dose-dependent manner to inhibit p21 translation by a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. At 100 microM, IC-0 inhibits the cell-free translation of p21 close to completion. The two control oligomers containing one or two nucleotide mismatches were significantly less effective than IC-0 at the equivalent concentration. In living cells, a perfectly matched ONMP directed against the initiation codon region inhibited Ha-ras p21 expression by 90% at a concentration of 50 microM.
Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation (2011)

NCT01186926. URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01186926.
Immunogenic variants obtained by mutagenesis of mouse mastocytoma P815. II. T lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis. (1980)

Tumor cell variants that were rejected by syngeneic mice (tum-) were obtained from mastocytoma P815 by mutagenesis (as described in the accompanying report (13). A considerable T lymphocyte-mediated lysis was observed upon incubation of these tum- variants with peritoneal exudate cells collected a few days after an intraperitoneal challenge of immune animals. Spleen cells from these animals were cytolytic after stimulation in vitro with the immunizing variant. New antigens, absent from the original P815 tum+ cells, were detected on 15 of the 21 tum- variants that were tested. All these antigens appeared to be different. No new antigen was detected on any of 10 mutagenized P815 clones that had retained their ability to form tumors. We compared the evidence obtained in vivo and in vitro for the presence of specific antigens on five tum- variants. Three variants were shown both in vivo and in vitro to carry an individual antigen. One showed no specificity either in vivo or in vitro. However, for one variant, no specificity was observed in vivo, although cytolysis tests demonstrated the existence of a singular antigenic specificity.
Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Teflon As Buffer Layer (2004)

In this study, high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a buffer layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) are demonstrated. Compared with copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), a conventional buffer layer, Teflon shows a lower absorption in the wavelength from 200 nm to 800 nm. OLEDs with a Teflon layer and a CuPc buffer layer were fabricated under the same conditions, and their performances were compared. The results indicate that the OLEDs with a 1.5-nm-thick Teflon buffer layer had a markedly enhanced performance with an efficiency of 9.0 cd/A at a current density of 100 mA/cm2, while those with a 30-nm-thick CuPc buffer layer only showed an efficiency of 6.4 cd/A at the same current density.
pEMBL: a new family of single stranded plasmids (1983)

We have constructed a series of plasmids, the pEMBL family, characterized by the presence of 1) the bla gene as selectable marker, 2) a short segment coding for the alpha-peptide of beta-galactosidase and containing a multiple cloning sites polylinker, 3) the intragenic region of phage F1. pEMBL plasmids have the property of being encapsidated as single stranded DNA, upon superinfection with phage F1. These vectors have been used successfully for DNA sequencing with the dideoxy-method, and can be used for any other purpose for which M13 derivatives are used. However, the pEMBL plasmids have the advantage of being smaller than M13 vectors, and the purification of the DNA is simpler. In addition, and most importantly, long inserts have a higher stability in pEMBL plasmids than M13 vectors.
Original articles Anti-T-cell Ig and mucin domain-containing protein 1 antibody decreases T H 2 airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma (2005)

Background: The T-cell Ig and mucin domain–containing (TIM) gene locus has been linked to differences in TH2 responsiveness and asthma susceptibility in mice. The homologous locus in human subjects harbors the gene for TIM-1, which encodes a receptor for hepatitis A virus and has been linked with decreased susceptibility to atopic disease in hepatitis A virus–seropositive individuals. Objective: We investigated the effects of administering antibodies against TIM-1 in a mouse model of allergic asthma to determine whether the treatment could downregulate TH2 cytokines and reduce pulmonary inflammation. Methods: BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to induce airway inflammation. Before the ovalbumin challenge, mice were treated with anti-TIM-1 mAb or a control antibody. Results: Administration of anti-TIM-1 antibody to mice after ovalbumin sensitization and before ovalbumin challenge results in a significant decrease in inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with administration of a control antibody. The decrease is accompanied by significantly lower antigenspecific production of the TH2 cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 by cells from the draining lymph nodes. The TH1 cytokine IFN-g appears to be unaffected. Analysis of the lungs shows that goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus production and the expression of IL-10 are markedly decreased in anti-TIM-1–treated mice. Conclusion: The results indicate that anti-TIM-1 might offer a novel approach to treating asthma. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;116:1343-9.)
Overview of Multi-MW Wind Turbines and Wind Parks (2011)

Multimegawatt wind-turbine systems, often organized in a wind park, are the backbone of the power generation based on renewable-energy systems. This paper reviews the most-adopted wind-turbine systems, the adopted generators, the topologies of the converters, the generator control and grid connection issues, as well as their arrangement in wind parks.
FOR MILLIMETER-WAVE APPLICATIONS (1987)

A novel waveguide-to-microstrip transition suitable for narrow as well as wide band applications at millimeter-wave frequencies is presented. It consists of a planar circuit having tapered sections of antipodal fin line and longitudinal slots whose length can be varied by tuning blocks placed underneath them. By selecting appropriate position of the tuning blocks, the transition can be optimized to achieve the desired bandwidth and center frequency. The tunability feature makes it very useful in test fixtures for device and circuit characterization.