gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of prasugrel and clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (2009)

Antiplatelet agents are the cornerstone of treatment for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Clopidogrel, when added to aspirin, has demonstrated considerable success at reducing thrombotic complications of ACS and/or PCI compared to aspirin alone and is standard of care for the management of patients with ACS and in patients undergoing PCI. Prasugrel is a novel thienopyridine antiplatelet agent recently approved for the treatment of patients with ACS undergoing PCI. Prasugrel provides greater and more consistent platelet inhibition than clopidogrel due to earlier and more extensive formation of its active metabolite. The enhanced platelet inhibition with prasugrel led to a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with moderate to high risk ACS scheduled for PCI in the phase 3 TRITON-TIMI 38 trial. This benefit was seen more in patients suffering a STEMI and those with diabetes. However, this reduction in events was met with a significant increase in the risk of bleeding which overcame prasugrel's benefit in certain groups. Future studies with prasugrel are needed to determine its optimal utilization to minimize bleeding risks and evaluate its outcomes in ACS and safety profile in special patient populations.
Production of C60 and C70 fullerenes in benzene-oxygen flames (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduction of C60 and C70 fullerenes in benzene-oxygen flamesJack B. Howard, J. Thomas McKinnon, M. Elaine Johnson, Yakov Makarovsky, and Arthur L. LafleurCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 16, 6657–6662Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100195a026https://doi.org/10.1021/j100195a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views470Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Theoretical Methods and Results for Electronic Structure Calculations on Very Large Systems (1987)

Large clusters of carbon atoms have been studied with ab initio calculations using basis sets of double-ζ quality. Planar, single-sheet graphite fragments with 6 - 54 atoms were investigated, as well as the spherical "Buckminsterfullerene" C60 molecule. Partly hydrogenated clusters have also been considered, both graphite- and diamond-like. The largest of these, C150H30, was treated with 1560 basis functions, and constitutes the largest ab initio Hartee-Fock calculation performed so far. Saturation of the peripheral bonds with hydrogen is found to provide a smooth and uniform convergence of the properties with increasing cluster size. For the graphite-like clusters the convergence of properties to bulk values is much slower than for the three-dimensional complexes.
Therapeutic rationale for antithrombin III in sepsis (2000)

Antithrombin is a potent inhibitor of thrombin-mediated vascular injury in the microcirculation in severe sepsis. This endogenous anticoagulant is rapidly depleted in the early phases of sepsis as a result of decreased synthesis, increased destruction, and enhanced clearance by thrombin-antithrombin complex formation. The therapeutic efficacy of antithrombin in experimental sepsis is readily demonstrable in numerous animal systems. Appropriately defined patient populations with early onset severe sepsis and/or septic shock may benefit from antithrombin therapy if it is administered in adequate doses at the optimal time interval.
Sequence and structure of VH domain from naturally occurring camel heavy chain immunoglobulins lacking light chains (1994)

We cloned 17 different PCR fragments encoding VH genes of camel (Camelus dromedarius). These clones were derived from the camel heavy chain immunoglobulins lacking the light chain counterpart of normal immunoglobulins. Insight into the camel VH sequences and structure may help the development of single domain antibodies. The most remarkable difference in the camel VH, consistent with the absence of the VL interaction, is the substitution of the conserved Leu45 by an Arg or Cys. Another noteworthy substitution is the Leu11 to Ser. This amino acid normally interacts with the CH1 domain, a domain missing in the camel heavy chain immunoglobulins. The nature of these substitutions agrees with the increased solubility behavior of an isolated camel VH domain. The VH domains of the camels are also characterized by a long CDR3, possibly compensating for the absence of the VL contacts with the antigen. The CDR3 lacks the salt bridge between Arg94 and Asp101. However, the frequent occurrence of additional Cys residues in both the CDR1 and CDR3 might lead to the formation of a second internal disulfide bridge, thereby stabilizing the CDR structure as in the DAW antibody. Within CDRs of the camel VH domains we observe a broad size distribution and a different amino acid pattern compared with the mouse or human VH. Therefore the camel hypervariable regions might adopt structures which differ substantially from the known canonical structures, thereby increasing the repertoire of the camel antigen binding sites within a VH.
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency II – from A to almost Z (2000)

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type II is the second human disorder identified which involves the adhesion cascade. While in LAD I the integrin family is defective, in LAD II the selectin system is involved. The syndrome has been described in only five patients and is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. The infectious episodes and the severity are much milder than those observed in LAD I, and the only persistent clinical symptom is chronic severe periodontitis. Delay separation of the umbilical cord, which is a hallmark for LAD I, was not observed in any of the LAD II patients. The exact defect in the system is absence of the SLeX, which is an important ligand for the selectin on the leukocyte lead ing to a profound defect in leukocyte rolling, the first step in the adhesion cascade. This causes a marked decrease in chemotaxis accompanied by pronounced neutrophilia. Apart from the leukocyte defect, these patients suffer from severe growth and mental retardation and exhibit the rare Bombay blood group type. The primary defect in the syndrome is in fucose metabolism, with the absence of all fucosylated glycans on cell surface membranes. Recently, it is was found that the defect is in a specific transporter of GDP fucose into the Golgi apparatus, and thus no fucosylation process takes place, and no surface expression can be detected. The exact genetic defect in the transporter is still unknown. Four of the patients were of Arabic origin while the fifth was of Turkish origin. It seems that the primary defect is somewhat different and, therefore, fucose administration was effective in the Turkish child, but did not show any beneficial results in the patients of Arabic origin.
Microarray Analysis of Brassinosteroid-Regulated Genes in Arabidopsis (2002)

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroidal plant hormones that are essential for growth and development. Although insights into the functions of BRs have been provided by recent studies of biosynthesis and sensitivity mutants, the mode of action of BRs is poorly understood. With the use of DNA microarray analysis, we identified BR-regulated genes in the wild type (WT; Columbia) of Arabidopsis and in the BR-deficient mutant, det2. BR-regulated genes generally responded more potently in the det2 mutant than in the WT, and they showed only limited response in a BR-insensitive mutant, bri1. A small group of genes showed stronger responses in the WT than in the det2. Exposure of plants to brassinolide and brassinazole, which is a specific inhibitor of BR biosynthesis, elicited opposite effects on gene expression of the identified genes. The list of BR-regulated genes is constituted of transcription factor genes including the phytochrome-interacting factor 3, auxin-related genes, P450 genes, and genes implicated in cell elongation and cell wall organization. The results presented here provide comprehensive view of the physiological functions of BRs using BR-regulated genes as molecular markers. The list of BR-regulated genes will be useful in the characterization of new mutants and new growth-regulating compounds that are associated with BR function.
RAGE and RAGE Ligands in Cancer (2007)

The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multifunctional receptor with multiple ligands that is known to play a key role in several diseases, including diabetes, arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. Recent evidence indicates that this receptor also has an important role in cancer. RAGE ligands, which include the S100/calgranulins and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) ligands, are expressed and secreted by cancer cells and are associated with increased metastasis and poorer outcomes in a wide variety of tumors. These ligands can interact in an autocrine manner to directly activate cancer cells and stimulate proliferation, invasion, chemoresistance, and metastasis. RAGE ligands derived from cancer cells can also influence a variety of important cell types within the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts, leukocytes, and vascular cells, leading to increased fibrosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Several of the cells in the tumor microenvironment also produce RAGE ligands. Most of the cancer-promoting effects of RAGE ligands are the result of their interaction with RAGE. However, these ligands also often have separate intracellular roles, and some may interact with other extracellular targets, so it is not currently possible to assign all of their effects to RAGE activation. Despite these complications, the bulk of the evidence supports the premise that the ligand-RAGE axis is an important target for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
Bacterial antigen delivery systems: phagocytic processing of bacterial antigens for MHC-I and MHC-II presentation to T cells. (1997)

Using an in vitro model system we have studied parameters of both bacteria and antigen presenting cells that influence peptide presentation by murine major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and class I (MHC-I) molecules. To study MHC-II presentation, the HEL (52-61) epitope, which binds the murine MHC-II molecule I-Ak, was expressed as the cytoplasmic Crl-HEL fusion protein in S. typhimurium. When murine peritoneal macrophages mediated phagocytic processing of S. typhimurium expressing Crl-HEL, HEL (52-61) was processed and presented on I-Ak more efficiently from heat-killed S. typhimurium than from viable bacteria, and from a rough LPS strain compared to its isogenic smooth LPS counterpart, most likely due to enhanced phagocytosis of the rough LPS strain. Macrophages also processed phoP S. typhimurium strains with greater efficiency for peptide presentation by I-Ak than wild type bacteria while Salmonella constitutively expressing phoP were processed for peptide presentation by I-Ak less efficiently than wild type Salmonella. We have also shown that macrophage phagocytosis of E. coli or S. typhimurium results in presentation of bacterial antigens by MHC-I molecules. To investigate the role of post-Golgi MHC-I molecules in this presentation pathway, peritoneal macrophages from TAP1-/- mice, which are deficient in presenting endogenous antigens on MHC-I and lack significant surface MHC-I expression, were co-incubated with bacteria containing the 257-264 epitope from ovalbumin [OVA(257-264)], which binds the murine class I molecule Kb. Peritoneal macrophages from TAP1-/-/ mice could process bacteria expressing the OVA epitope for recognition by epitope-specific T hybridoma cells. This processing and presentation was reduced in efficiency between three to 100 fold compared to C57BL/6 macrophages, depending on the protein harbouring the OVA (257-264) epitope (Crl-OVA or native OVA). This suggests that the protein context of the OVA (257-264) epitope influences the extent of TAP-independent processing for MHC-I presentation. In addition, we show that murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells can phagocytose and process viable gram negative bacteria for peptide presentation on MHC-I and MHC-II; inhibition studies showed that acidic compartments in dendritic cells are required for this presentation. These results suggest that dendritic cells may be potential antigen presenting cells used in eliciting specific immune responses against bacteria.
Cytolytic Toxin Cyt1A and Its Mechanism of Membrane Damage: Data and Hypotheses (2003)

The δ-endotoxins are a superfamily of proteins that occur as crystalline inclusions in the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis ([35][1]). These toxins are of considerable interest as environmentally safe insecticides. Historically, B. thuringiensis toxins have been divided into two
Un public actif, un téléspectateur critique (1993)

et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France.Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit.
Isolation and characterization of human cervical-mucus glycoproteins (1983)

Mucus glycoproteins (mucins) were extracted from human cervical pregnancy mucus by 6 M-guanidinium chloride in the presence of proteinase inhibitors. Purification was subsequently achieved by isopycnic density-gradient centrifugation in CsCl/ guanidinium chloride gradients. The purified macromolecules represented approx. 85% of the total and were devoid of nucleic acids and proteins, as judged by analytical density-gradient centrifugation, disc electrophoresis and u.v. spectroscopy. Sedimentation-velocity centrifugation revealed a single unimodal peak with S20,W 50.1S in 0.2M-NaCl and 37.0S in 6 M-guanidinium chloride. Molecular weights obtained by light-scattering were 9.7 X 10(6) and 5.9 X 10(6) in 0.2M-NaCl and 6 M-guanidinium chloride respectively. The chemical analyses were typical of those of epithelial mucins. The macromolecules contained approx. 20% (w/w) of protein, and 65% (w/w) was accounted for as carbohydrate. Serine and threonine constituted 32 mol/100 mol and proline 10 mol/100 mol of the amino acids. The major sugars found were N-acetylglucosamine (12.8%), N-acetylgalactosamine (9.7%), galactose (18.7%), sialic acid (15.0%) and fucose (7.5%).
Carcinoembryonic antigen estimation in nipple discharge as an adjunctive tool in the diagnosis of early breast cancer (1987)

To assess the usefulness of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) estimation in nipple discharge for the detection of nonpalpable breast cancer, CEA activity in nipple discharge was measured by enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibody. The specificity of the antibody for breast cancer was assessed by an immunohistochemical method. Mean CEA levels in the nipple discharge from 18 patients with benign breast diseases (ten intraductal papilloma; eight fibrocystic disease) was 43 ng/ml (SD, 34 ng/ml), suggesting an upper reference limit of 100 ng/ml. Six of seven nonpalpable breast cancer patients had higher CEA levels than this tentative cutoff value, as did three of five patients with borderline lesions. The incidence of elevated CEA levels in nipple discharge correlated significantly with the incidence of intratumoral antigen expression. These results lead us to conclude that CEA measurement in nipple discharge may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast cancer.
Vitamin D Status and Redefining Serum Parathyroid Hormone Reference Range in the Elderly1 (2001)

Subclinical vitamin D insufficiency is characterized by mild secondary hyperparathyroidism and enhanced risk of osteoporotic fracture. However, although low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) are common in otherwise normal elderly people, vitamin D status has not generally been taken into account in the previously published reference values for serum PTH. We measured fasting morning serum (obtained from April through June) PTH, total calcium, albumin, phosphate, creatinine, bone markers, and 25OHD in 280 healthy subjects (140 men and 140 women), aged 60-79 yr. Serum PTH was measured by means of 2 immunoradiometric assays, the Allegro intact PTH assay (Nichols Institute Diagnostics) and the new CAP assay (Scantibodies Laboratory, Inc.). We found a high prevalence (167 of 280; 59.6%) of low 25OHD (< or =30 nmol/L) in these otherwise healthy individuals. The PTH concentrations (95% confidence interval) obtained in the whole group of 280 subjects ranged from 13-64 ng/L for the Allegro assay and from 10-44 ng/L for the CAP assay. In the subjects with a serum 25OHD concentration greater than 30 nmol/L, values for both PTH assays were lower, 10-46 and 9-34 ng/L for the Allegro and the CAP assays, respectively. By using these values as a reference range, approximately 25% of the subjects with a serum 25OHD level of 30 nmol/L or less had a high serum PTH level (whatever the assay), reflecting secondary hyperparathyroidism. This might be missed if the reference PTH values are those obtained in the entire group, as is usually done. These results strongly suggest that vitamin D status should be taken into account when establishing reference values for serum PTH in elderly subjects.
Disruption of genes regulated during hematopoietic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (1998)

A retroviral gene trap vector (U3Tkneo) that selects for integrations in or near expressed 5′ exons has been used to identify genes that are repressed during hematopoietic differentiation of mouse totipotent embryonic stem cells. The vector contains coding sequences for an HSV-thymidine kinase/neomycin phosphotransferase fusion protein in the U3 region of a Moloney murine leukemia virus LTR and allows selection for (G418) and against (Ganciclovir; GC) U3 gene expression. A total of 208 neomycin-resistant clones were isolated following infection with U3tkneo and screened for integrations into regulated genes by using a two-step, semisolid culture system that supports hematopoietic differentiation. Two clones contained U3Tkneo integrations in genes that were repressed selectively in hematopoietic cells. Analysis of upstream proviral flanking sequences indicated that both integrations occurred into unknown genes. One upstream sequence identified a cellular transcript that was expressed differentially in the kidneys and liver of adult mice. When this fusion gene was passaged to the germ line, homozygous offspring with nearly null mutations were obtained. However, mutant mice were normal, suggesting that potential loss of function phenotypes are subtle and may be restricted to the kidneys and the liver. Dev. Dyn. 1998;212:277–283. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Genomics of Long-Range Regulatory Elements (2010)

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression plays a significant role in establishing the diversity of human cell types and biological functions from a common set of genes. The components of regulatory control in the human genome include cis-acting elements that act across immense genomic distances to influence the spatial and temporal distribution of gene expression. Here we review the established categories of distant-acting regulatory elements, discussing the classical and contemporary evidence of their regulatory potential and clinical importance. Current efforts to identify regulatory sequences throughout the genome and elucidate their biological significance depend heavily on advances in sequence conservation-based analyses and on increasingly large-scale efforts applying transgenic technologies in model organisms. We discuss the advantages and limitations of sequence conservation as a predictor of regulatory function and present complementary emerging technologies now being applied to annotate regulatory elements in vertebrate genomes.
Differences in the state of differentiation of THP-1 cells induced by phorbol ester and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1996)

Human THP-1 leukemia cells differentiate along the monocytic lineage following exposure to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3). In the monocytic cell line THP-1, PMA treatment resulted in a more differentiated phenotype than VD3, according to adherence, loss of proliferation, phagocytosis of latex beads, and expression of CD11b and CD14. Both differentiating substances induced similar effects in the release of superoxide anions (O2-). VD3-differentiated cells did not release prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), in contrast to PMA-differentiated cells, and in PMA-differentiated cells phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and expression was increase. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release was higher in PMA-treated cells. PMA- but not VD3-differentiation resulted in a translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes to membrane fractions. Both differentiating agents up-regulated the expression of PKC isoenzymes. Whereas VD3 elevated mainly the expression of PKC-beta, PMA caused a strong increase in PKC-delta and a weak increase in PKC-alpha, PKC-epsilon, and PKC-zeta expression. These results indicate that phorbol ester and the active metabolite of vitamin D induce different signal pathways, which might result in different achievement of differentiation.
Frequency synchronization for MIMO OFDM wireless LAN systems (2003)

The paper proposes an accurate and time-efficient technique for frequency synchronization of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The technique uses a preamble and is thus especially suitable for burst mode communication. The preamble consists of training sequences simultaneously transmitted from the various transmit antennas. From analysis, it is shown that the accuracy of frequency synchronization is close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound and increases for increasing RMS delay spreads and number of receive antennas. Furthermore, application of the proposed algorithm in MIMO OFDM wireless local-area-network (WLAN) systems leads to a BER that is only slightly higher than that of a perfectly synchronized system, making it highly applicable.