gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Host-Parasite Lipid Cross-talk (2002)

Schistosome infections are characterized by prominent T cell hyporesponsiveness during the chronic stage of infection. We found that schistosome-specific phosphatidylserine (PS) activated TLR2 and affected dendritic cells such that mature dendritic cells gained the ability to induce the development of IL-10-producing regulatory T cells. Using mass spectrometry, schistosomal lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS) was identified as the TLR2-activating molecule. This activity appears to be a unique property of schistosomal lyso-PS, containing specific acyl chains, because neither a synthetic lyso-PS (16:0) nor PS isolated from the mammalian host activates TLR2. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for a novel host-parasite interaction that may be central to long term survival of the parasite and limited host pathology with implications beyond parasitology.
Degenerating and regenerating skeletal muscles contain several subpopulations of macrophages with distinct spatial and temporal distributions. (1996)

Macrophages of different phenotypes can be detected using a panel of antibodies. We have used such antibodies to demonstrate that the macrophages in freeze-lesioned skeletal muscles are heterogeneous, with each subtype having a distinct location within the lesion as well as distinct times of arrival and departure from the lesion. ED1+ monocytes and macrophages began invading the lesion within 3 h and were abundant until necrotic tissue had been removed. In some macrophages, the ED1 antigen aggregated into a single or a few clumps and such cells persisted in the regenerated area for at least 21 d. ED2+/Ox6-/ED1-/RM1- cells are one of the major subpopulations of resident macrophages within skeletal muscle. Cells of this phenotype accumulated in the epimysia and perimysia surrounding the lesions but did not penetrate into the lesion until extensive phagocytosis had occurred (usually 1 or 2 d). ED2+ cells were subsequently concentrated in the regenerating connective tissues and empty remnants of phagocytosed fibres. They only rarely invaded necrotic tissue, even when immediately adjacent to it, suggesting that this type of macrophage has a specialised function which is unrelated to removal of damaged tissue. The ED2+ macrophages were CD4+ and it is probably that macrophages of this type have been previously misclassified as CD4+ T cells. Skeletal muscles also contain numerous Ox6(Ia)+/ED2- resident macrophages. Unlike ED2+ macrophages, Ox6+ macrophages invaded the damaged muscles half a day after lesioning and were abundant in necrotic tissue. As regeneration occurred, the Ox6+ macrophages became restricted to the connective tissues of the muscle, which is their normal location.
Robotic implant to apply tissue traction forces in the treatment of esophageal atresia (2014)

This paper introduces robotic implants as a novel class of medical robots in the context of treating esophageal atresia. The robotic implant is designed to apply traction forces to the two disconnected esophageal segments to induce sufficient growth so that the two ends can be joined together to form a functioning esophagus. In contrast to the current manual method of externally applying traction forces, the implant offers the potential to avoid prolonged patient sedation and to substantially reduce the number of X-rays required. A prototype design is presented along with evaluation experiments that demonstrate its capabilities to apply traction forces to ex vivo esophageal tissues.
Supercooled and Glassy Water (2003)

Cold, noncrystalline states play an important role in understanding the physics of liquid water. From recent experimental and theoretical investigations, a coherent interpretation of water’s properties is beginning to emerge.
Respondents in Asian Cultures (e.g., Chinese) are More Risk-Seeking and More Overconfident than Respondents in Other Cultures (e.g., in United States) but the Reciprocal Predictions are in Total Opposition: How and Why? (2004)

Abstract Triggered by rather surprising findings that respondents in Asian cultures (e.g., Chinese) are more risk-seeking and more overconfident than respondents in other cultures (e.g., in United States) and that the reciprocal predictions are in total opposition, four experiments were designed to extend previous collective-culture oriented researches. Results revealed that (1) Singapore 21, which is a vision of Singapore in the 21st century and has highlighted the promotion of a collective culture, did not advocate greater risk-seeking but led to weaker overconfidence; (2) the knowledge of "financial help from social network" did not permit prediction of risk preference but the knowledge of "the value difference between possible outcomes" did; (3) the social network could be viewed not only as a positive "cushion" but also as a negative "burden" in both gain and loss domains of risky choices; (4) the predictions of the risk-as-value, risk-as-feelings and stereotype hypotheses were not consistent with the predicted risk preferences of others but the predictions of the economic-performance hypothesis were consistent with the predicted risk preferences as well as the predicted overconfidence of others. The implications for cross-cultural variations in overconfidence and for cross-cultural variations in risk-taking were discussed.
Detection of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in MRL/Mp- lpr/lpr Mice and Analysis of their Target Antigens (2000)

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) have been widely studied and recognized to be clinically very important for some human diseases including systemic rheumatic diseases. We analyzed ANCA response and their target antigens in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL-lpr) mice, an animal model of systemic rheumatic disease. P-ANCA was detected in 57% of the mice. Antibodies to the known P-ANCA target antigens at the same age were examined. Among these, antibodies to high mobility group (HMG) proteins HMG1 and HMG2 were detected in 57% of the mice, 75% of which were also positive for P-ANCA. These anti-HMG1/HMG2 activities were absorbed by preincubation with a mixture of HMG1 and HMG2. In contrast, antibodies to myeloperoxidase and cathepsin G were detected in 14% and 7%, respectively, but these activities were not inhibited by preincubation with corresponding antigens. In addition, the titers of P-ANCA and anti-HMG1/HMG2 antibodies in MRL-lpr mice were significantly correlated with each other. Thus, HMG1 and HMG2 were considered to be significant target antigens of P-ANCA in MRL-lpr mice.
[The mechanism of Na+--K+ pump dysfunction in the erythrocytes of patients with glomerulonephritis and kidney failure]. (1991)

The mechanisms of Na, K-ATPase dysfunction in red blood cells of patients suffering from glomerulonephritis and renal failure were studied by means of "functional loads" of an enzyme, enabling not only the activity but also the routine of Na, K-ATPase to be determined. Evidence is provided for the presence of immunotoxic factor on the patients' red blood cells, in the plasma of venous blood and serum of arterial blood. Its excretion from the patients' body and recovery of the routine of Na, K-ATPase have been simulated in vivo and in vitro. The cold immunoglobulin nature of the inhibitor related to the M-chains of IgM was established. It has been shown that the mechanisms of formation of the immunopathogenesis of glomerulonephritis are associated with the appearance of cold autoantibodies and their fragments on blood cell membranes, bringing about a decrease of the activity of Na, K-ATPase and modifying its routine.
The Toxicology of Inhaled Nitric Oxide (2001)

Inhaled nitric oxide is a targeted pulmonary vasodilator that improves clinical outcomes for newborn patients with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, and may be effective in treating some premature patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome or lung disease of prematurity. Nitric oxide is now recognized as playing an important role in the regulation of diverse physiological processes. However, the pharmacological properties of inhaled nitric oxide are not easy to separate from its toxicological effects. For example, the intended effect of inhaled nitric oxide, vasodilation in the lung, is mediated, in part, by increased cellular cyclic GMP (cGMP). However, increased cGMP can also interfere with normal cellular proliferation. Nitric oxide has also been shown to cause DNA strand breaks and/or base alterations that are potentially mutagenic. Inhaled nitric oxide can rapidly react with oxygen in the lung to form nitrogen dioxide, which is a potent pulmonary irritant. Nitric oxide also reacts with superoxide anion to form peroxynitrite, a cytotoxic oxidant that can interfere with surfactant functioning. The overall effect of inhaled nitric oxide in potentiating or attenuating inflammation and oxidative damage in diseased lung is dependent on the dose administered. Furthermore, despite rapid inactivation by circulating hemoglobin, inhaled nitric oxide exerts effects outside the lung, including blocking platelet aggregation, causing methemoglobinemia, and possibly inducing extrapulmonary vasodilation. The toxicology of inhaled nitric oxide is not completely understood and must be considered in the design of protocols for its safe and effective clinical use.
Selective efferent chemical sympathectomy of rat kidneys (1985)

Surgical denervation of kidneys results in interruption of both afferent and efferent renal nerves. We attempted selective efferent renal denervation in rats by slow infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right renal artery. Integrity of efferent renal nerves was assessed by chemical and physiological methods and by measuring responses of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) to intrarenal (ir) infusion of bradykinin in conscious rats. Results were compared with those in surgically denervated and ir saline-infused rats. Surgical denervation of left kidney reduced renal norepinephrine (NE) to 58 and 14% of control levels at 1 and 7 days, respectively, after surgery. Increase in left renal resistance during posterior hypothalamus (PH) stimulation was only 70 +/- 28% (n = 5) compared with 289 +/- 69% (n = 6) in control animals. Response in opposite kidney was unchanged. Although 0.1 mg 6-OHDA ir caused considerable reduction of NE levels in both kidneys, responses to PH stimulation were unchanged. 6-OHDA (1 mg) reduced NE levels in infused and control kidney and atria. Functional evidence for denervation was only obtained in the kidney infused with 6-OHDA. Responses of MAP and HR to ir bradykinin were unchanged 7 days after 1 mg 6-OHDA. The data suggest that ir 6-OHDA results in functional efferent sympathectomy without affecting afferent renal nerves.
Traffic Grooming in Spectrum-Elastic Optical Path Networks (2011)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Y. Zhang, X. Zheng, Q. Li, N. Hua, Y. Li, and H. Zhang, "Traffic Grooming in Spectrum-Elastic Optical Path Networks," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2011, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2011), paper OTuI1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A Teleoperated Microsurgical Robot and Associated Virtual Environment for Eye Surgery (1993)

We have developed a prototype teleoperated microsurgical robot (MSR-1) and associated virtual environment for eye surgery. Bidirectional pathways relay visual, auditory, and mechanical information between the MSR-1 master and slave. The surgeon wears a helmet (visual master) that is used to control the orientation of a stereo camera system (visual slave) observing the surgery. Images from the stereo camera system are relayed back to the helmet (or adjacent screen) where they are viewed by the surgeon. In each hand the surgeon holds a pseudotool (a shaft shaped like a microsurgical scalpel) that projects from the left and right limbs of a force reflecting interface (mechanical master). Movements of the left and right pseudotools cause corresponding movements (scaled down by 1 to 100 times) in the microsurgical tools held by the left and right limbs of the micromotion robot (mechanical slave) that performs the surgery. Forces exerted on the left and right limbs of the slave microsurgical robot via the microtools are reflected back (after being scaled up by 1 to 100 times) to the pseudotools and hence surgeon via actuators in the left and right limbs of the mechanical master. This system enables tissue cutting forces to be felt including those that would normally be imperceptible if they were transmitted directly to the surgeon's hands. The master and slave subsystems (visual, auditory, and mechanical) communicate through a computer system which serves to enhance and augment images, filter hand tremor, perform coordinate transformations, and perform safety checks. The computer system consists of master and slave computers that communicate via an optical fiber connection. As a result, the MSR-1 master and slave may be located at different sites, which permits remote robotic microsurgery to become a reality. MSR-1 is being used as an experimental testbed for studying the effects of feedforward and feedback delays on remote surgery and is used in research on enhancing the accuracy and dexterity of microsurgeons by creating mechanical and visual telepresence.
Role of cytokines and platelet-activating factor in inflammatory bowel disease (1996)

Because PAF and cytokines may have an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, their inhibition by specific antagonists, mediators, or other agents such as steroids may have a potential therapeutic benefit in treatment and management of these inflammatory diseases in the near future.
The four mouse IgG isotypes differ extensively in bactericidal and opsonophagocytic activity when reacting with the P1.16 epitope on the outer membrane PorA protein of Neisseria meningitidis (2004)

Mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) of the four IgG isotypes, all specific for the P1.16 epitope on the meningcoccal PorA protein, were tested for functional activities. The avidities of the antibodies, measured by NH4SCN elution in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, showed similar values for all the MoAbs. The serum bactericidal activity (SBA) defined as the lowest concentration of antibodies giving 50% reduction in the number of meningococcal colony-forming units using human serum as complement, showed a hierarchy of IgG3 >> IgG2b > IgG2a >> IgG1. For the opsonophagocytosis (OP), the hierarchy was IgG3 > IgG2b = IgG2a >> IgG1. OP was measured in flow cytometry using log-phase live meningococci as target cells, normal human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) as effector cells and human serum as a complement source. The mouse MoAbs were negative in OP when using human PMNs in the absence of complement. The results demonstrate the importance of choosing the right isotype of mouse MoAbs when using them to judge the potential vaccine importance of their corresponding antigen. If such MoAbs should be used for passive vaccination against infectious diseases, the isotype would presumably play an important role for their anticipated clinical effects.
Functional Expression of the Murine Golgi CMP-Sialic Acid Transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)

We have functionally expressed the murine Golgi putative CMP-sialic acid transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using a galactose-inducible expression system, S. cerevisiae vesicles were able to transport CMP-sialic acid. Transport was dependent on galactose induction and was temperature-dependent and saturable with an apparent Km of 2.9 microM. Transport was inhibited by CMP, and upon vesicle disruption with Triton X-100 parameters were very similar to the previously described CMP-sialic acid transport characteristics observed with mammalian Golgi vesicles. CMP-sialic acid transport induction was specific as no transport of UDP-galactose was observed even though the latter putative transporter has a high degree of amino acid sequence identity with the CMP-sialic acid transporter. Together, the above results demonstrate that the previously described cDNA encoding the putative CMP-sialic acid transporter encodes the transporter protein per se and suggests that this heterologous expression system may be used for further structural and functional studies of other Golgi membrane transporter proteins.
Genomically Recoded Organisms Expand Biological Functions (2013)

We describe the construction and characterization of a genomically recoded organism (GRO). We replaced all known UAG stop codons in Escherichia coli MG1655 with synonymous UAA codons, which permitted the deletion of release factor 1 and reassignment of UAG translation function. This GRO exhibited improved properties for incorporation of nonstandard amino acids that expand the chemical diversity of proteins in vivo. The GRO also exhibited increased resistance to T7 bacteriophage, demonstrating that new genetic codes could enable increased viral resistance.
Long-Term Renal Effects of a Neutralizing RAGE Antibody in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mice (2004)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. The actions of AGEs are mediated both through a non-receptor-mediated pathway and through specific receptors for AGE (RAGEs). To explore a specific role for RAGE in renal changes in type 2 diabetes, we examined the renal effects of a neutralizing murine RAGE antibody in db/db mice, a model of obese type 2 diabetes. One group of db/db mice was treated for 2 months with the RAGE antibody, and another db/db group was treated for the same period with an irrelevant IgG. Two groups of nondiabetic db/+ mice were treated with either RAGE antibody or isotype-matched IgG for 2 months. Placebo-treated db/db mice showed a pronounced increase in kidney weight, glomerular volume, basement membrane thickness (BMT), total mesangial volume, urinary albumin excretion (UAE), and creatinine clearance compared with nondiabetic controls. In RAGE antibody-treated db/db mice, the increase in kidney weight, glomerular volume, mesangial volume, and UAE was reduced, whereas the increase in creatinine clearance and BMT was fully normalized. Notably, these effects in db/db mice were seen without impact on body weight, blood glucose, insulin levels, or food consumption. In conclusion, RAGE is an important pathogenetic factor in the renal changes in an animal model of type 2 diabetes.
Estabilidad de la función [Formula Matemática] (1969)

En el trabajo anterior [(3), pág. 12-20] se ha encontrado una formula asintótica de la siguiente función [Formula Matemática] en el cual se ha utilizado un procedimiento no justificado que reemplaza n! por la formula de Stirling. En este trabajo no solo se justifica el resultado anterior sino que se encuentra la formula a aproximada de las funciones más generales: [Formula Matemática].
New drugs 2003, Part II (2003)

Remington Professor of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Pa.
The Brucella abortus S19 Δ vjbR Live Vaccine Candidate Is Safer than S19 and Confers Protection against Wild-Type Challenge in BALB/c Mice When Delivered in a Sustained-Release Vehicle (2008)

Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease of nearly worldwide distribution. Despite the availability of live vaccine strains for bovine (S19, RB51) and small ruminants (Rev-1), these vaccines have several drawbacks, including residual virulence for animals and humans. Safe and efficacious immunization systems are therefore needed to overcome these disadvantages. A vjbR knockout was generated in the S19 vaccine and investigated for its potential use as an improved vaccine candidate. Vaccination with a sustained-release vehicle to enhance vaccination efficacy was evaluated utilizing the live S19 DeltavjbR::Kan in encapsulated alginate microspheres containing a nonimmunogenic eggshell precursor protein of the parasite Fasciola hepatica (vitelline protein B). BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with either encapsulated or nonencapsulated S19 DeltavjbR::Kan at a dose of 1 x 10(5) CFU per animal to evaluate immunogenicity, safety, and protective efficacy. Humoral responses postvaccination indicate that the vaccine candidate was able to elicit an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G response even when the vaccine was administered in an encapsulated format. The safety was revealed by the absence of splenomegaly in mice that were inoculated with the mutant. Finally, a single dose with the encapsulated mutant conferred higher levels of protection compared to the nonencapsulated vaccine. These results suggest that S19 DeltavjbR::Kan is safer than S19, induces protection in mice, and should be considered as a vaccine candidate when administered in a sustained-release manner.
Structure and synthesis of crombenin, a natural spirocoumaranone (1972)

E. V. Brandt, D. Ferreira and D. G. Roux, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1972, 392 DOI: 10.1039/C39720000392
The effect of TOMM40 poly‐T length on gray matter volume and cognition in middle‐aged persons with APOEɛ3/ɛ3 genotype (2011)

These findings among APOE ε3/ε3 late middle-aged adults suggest that a subgroup with VL TOMM40 poly-T lengths may be experiencing incipient LOAD-related cognitive and brain changes.
Adenosine 3':5'-Cyclic Monophosphate Inhibits in Vitro Angiogenesis Induced by Endothelial Cell Growth Factor. (1992)

The formation of new blood capillaries (angiogenesis) occurs in response to angiogenic factors released by either normal or tumoral cells. In the present study, we cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) on collagen gels and aimed to clarify the effects of cyclic nucleotides on angiogenesis induced by endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF). HUVEC invaded the underlying collagen matrix and formed tube-like structures when ECGF was added. ECGF (9.4 to 75 micrograms/ml) induced angiogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner; the effect reached a plateau at 75 micrograms/ml. Cyclic AMP (10(-3) M), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10(-3) M), 8-bromo cyclic AMP (10(-5) M) and Sp-cAMPS (10(-3) M), a stimulator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, each significantly inhibited ECGF-induced angiogenesis by 64.2, 86.1, 46.5, 74.7%, respectively. Forskolin and cholera toxin, which are activators of adenylate cyclase, did not inhibit ECGF-induced angiogenesis. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP (10(-4), 10(-3) M) also did not affect the formation of capillary-like tubes induced by ECGF. In conclusion, cyclic AMP, but not cyclic GMP, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro. This antiangiogenic activity may be applicable to the treatment of such conditions as solid tumors, diabetic retinopathy and rheumatoid arthritis in which the suppression of angiogenesis is important.
Hive: A distributed system for vision processing (2008)

We have built a novel vision processing system architecture called Hive. Hive fills a gap in the vision middleware by providing mechanisms for simple setup and configuration of distributed vision computation. Hive facilitates communication between independent cross-platform modules via an extensible protocol, allowing these distributed modules to form a vision processing pipeline. A plug-in interface allows general software to be represented as Hive modules: e.g. drivers for hardware devices such as cameras or implementations of particular vision algorithms. The modules are set up as a peer-to-peer network which allows for automated data transfer, callbacks and synchronization. We describe the architecture, communication protocol, plug-in interface and control system for the modules. A distributed face tracking system demonstrates the simplicity and flexibility for creating complex distributed vision applications using Hive.