gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic alterations in bronchial lavage as a potential marker for individuals with a high risk of developing lung cancer. (1999)

Using 12 microsatellite markers, we have studied DNAs from the bronchial lavage of 90 individuals who were referred to an early-lung-cancer clinic in the Northwest of England with suspected lung cancer. Genetic alterations were detected in 15 (35%) of 43 patients with lung cancer but also in 11 (23%) of 47 patients with no cytological or radiological evidence of bronchial neoplasia. No significant differences were found between the referring symptoms in any of the second group of individuals with and without genetic alterations. No correlation was found between smoking exposure and loss of heterozygosity (LOH)/microsatellite alterations (MAs) in the microsatellite markers. On comparing LOH with MAs based on cytology review, we found that the prevalent type of alteration in specimens with cytological evidence of malignancy was LOH; in contrast, the individuals with no cytological evidence of malignancy showed a preponderance of MAs (P = 0.01). Our results indicate that a substantial proportion of cells in the bronchial lavage from suspected lung cancer patients carry identifiable genetic alterations. However, the presence of genetic alterations in the bronchial lavage of individuals with no clinical evidence of lung cancer raises the question whether instability is a phenomenon solely associated with cancer or represents a feature of nonneoplastic diseases. Our results suggest that microsatellite PCR-based assays can be developed as tools for the earlier identification of genetic changes in cells exfoliating in the bronchus.
Alzheimer paired helical filaments (PHFs) studied by high‐resolution TEM: What can vertical Pt‐C replication tell us about the organization of the pronase‐digested PHF core? (2005)

Untreated paired helical filaments (PHFs) and pronase-digested PHF-core filaments were stereoscopically imaged with a freeze-drying vertical platinum-carbon replication preparation method for TEM. The untreated PHF have an average wide region (W) = 22.8 +/- 2.4 nm, a narrow region (T) = 10.6 +/- 1.7 nm, and a helical turn period (L) = 78.6 +/- 13.4. The surfaces of the untreated PHF's fuzzy coat appears disorganized. The widths of the pronase-treated PHF-core filaments were significantly reduced (W(d) = 14.8 +/- 1.2 nm, T(d) = 5.7 +/- 1.0 nm, and L(d) = 75.4 +/- 17 nm). The surfaces of the untreated PHF contained approximately 1.1 nm strands, the same size as tau monomer ( approximately 1.0 nm). The pronase-digested PHF cores mostly contained approximately 1.6 +/- 0.3 nm strands although strand diameters ranged from 0.6-2.5 nm. The strands sometimes appear to be wrapped around the filament axis; less often, they appear to be roughly parallel to the PHF axis, and otherwise appear to be randomly oriented. Images of pronase-digested PHF core images are discussed in relation to the core's biochemical composition, its proposed beta structure, and structural subunit models. Images of the untreated and the pronase-digested PHF support a helical ribbon morphology.
Imaging‐based enrichment criteria using deep learning algorithms for efficient clinical trials in mild cognitive impairment (2015)

The mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be optimal for clinical trials to test potential treatments for preventing or delaying decline to dementia. However, MCI is heterogeneous in that not all cases progress to dementia within the time frame of a trial and some may not have underlying AD pathology. Identifying those MCIs who are most likely to decline during a trial and thus most likely to benefit from treatment will improve trial efficiency and power to detect treatment effects. To this end, using multimodal, imaging-derived, inclusion criteria may be especially beneficial. Here, we present a novel multimodal imaging marker that predicts future cognitive and neural decline from [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET), amyloid florbetapir PET, and structural magnetic resonance imaging, based on a new deep learning algorithm (randomized denoising autoencoder marker, rDAm). Using ADNI2 MCI data, we show that using rDAm as a trial enrichment criterion reduces the required sample estimates by at least five times compared with the no-enrichment regime and leads to smaller trials with high statistical power, compared with existing methods.
Expression Patterns Conferred by Tyrosine/Dihydroxyphenylalanine Decarboxylase Promoters from Opium Poppy Are Conserved in Transgenic Tobacco1 (1998)

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) contains a large family of tyrosine/dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase (tydc) genes involved in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acid amides. Eight members from two distinct gene subfamilies have been isolated, tydc1, tydc4, tydc6, tydc8, and tydc9 in one group and tydc2, tydc3, and tydc7 in the other. The tydc8 and tydc9 genes were located 3.2 kb apart on one genomic clone, suggesting that the family is clustered. Transcripts for most tydc genes were detected only in roots. Only tydc2 and tydc7 revealed expression in both roots and shoots, and TYDC3 mRNAs were the only specific transcripts detected in seedlings. TYDC1, TYDC8, and TYDC9 mRNAs, which occurred in roots, were not detected in elicitor-treated opium poppy cultures. Expression of tydc4, which contains a premature termination codon, was not detected under any conditions. Five tydc promoters were fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene in a binary vector. All constructs produced transient GUS activity in microprojectile-bombarded opium poppy and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell cultures. The organ- and tissue-specific expression pattern of tydc promoter-GUS fusions in transgenic tobacco was generally parallel to that of corresponding tydc genes in opium poppy. GUS expression was most abundant in the internal phloem of shoot organs and in the stele of roots. Select tydc promoter-GUS fusions were also wound induced in transgenic tobacco, suggesting that the basic mechanisms of developmental and inducible tydc regulation are conserved across plant species.
Treatment of Menorrhagia with Tranexamic Acid. A Double-blind Trial (1970)

In a double-blind trial tranexamic acid (Cyclokapron) 1 g. four times a day for the first four days of menstruation, significantly decreased menstrual blood loss in women with menorrhagia for which no organic cause had been found. No difference in side-effects was noted between the active and placebo treatment.
Standardization of Measurements for Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Major Lipoproteins (2008)

This review evaluates the status of standardization of lipids and lipoproteins. Prerequisites and some basic principles for standardization are provided. The reference systems for cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) are described. Brief descriptions of the standardization programs available for each of these analytes are also provided. Finally, the review addresses some of the challenges in standardizing these markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The standardization programs described have contributed to improvements in laboratory measurements of lipids and lipoproteins. Our intention is that clinical laboratory professionals and manufacturers of in vitro diagnostics will use these resources to standardize lipid and lipoprotein measurements. Manufacturers must take the initiative to thoroughly evaluate their products and ensure traceability to the reference systems.
Load Transfer Analysis in Short Carbon Fibers with Radially-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Embedded in a Polymer Matrix (2009)

A novel shortfiber composite in which the microscopic advanced fiber reinforcements are coated with radially aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is analyzed in this study. A shear-lag model is developed to analyze the load transferred to such coated fibers from the aligned-CNT reinforced matrix in a hybrid composite application. It is found that if the carbon fibers are coated with radially aligned CNTs, then the axial load transferred to the fiber is reduced due to stiffening of the matrix by the CNTs. Importantly, it is shown that at low loading of CNTs in the polymer matrix, there is a significant reduction in the maximum interfacial shear stress, e.g., at 1 % CNTs, there is an ~25 % reduction in this maximum stress. Further, the modification in the load sharing between the fiber and the matrix plateaus at ~2 % CNT matrix loading, indicating a small but critical window for engineering the interface in this manner. Effects of the variation of the aspect ratio of the fiber, CNT volume fraction and the application of radial load on the load transferred to such CNT coated fibers are also investigated.
Newly diagnosed HIV infection in an octogenarian: the elderly are not 'immune' (2003)

HIV should not be discounted on the basis of age when an elderly patient presents for the investigation of illness.
Context-awareness in wearable and ubiquitous computing (1997)

A common focus shared by researchers in mobile, ubiquitous and wearable computing is the attempt to break away from the traditional desktop computing paradigm. Computational services need to become as mobile as their users and be extended to take advantage of the constantly changing context in which they are accessed. This paper will report on work done in the Future Computing Environments Group at Georgia Tech. We describe solutions we have generated to provide a flexible context-aware infrastructure and several applications that take advantage of context-awareness to allow freedom from traditional desktop computing.
A method for detecting positive selection at single amino acid sites (1999)

A method was developed for detecting the selective force at single amino acid sites given a multiple alignment of protein-coding sequences. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using the number of synonymous substitutions. Then, the neutrality was tested for each codon site using the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous changes throughout the phylogenetic tree. Computer simulation showed that this method accurately estimated the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions per site, as long as the substitution number on each branch was relatively small. The false-positive rate for detecting the selective force was generally low. On the other hand, the true-positive rate for detecting the selective force depended on the parameter values. Within the range of parameter values used in the simulation, the true-positive rate increased as the strength of the selective force and the total branch length (namely the total number of synonymous substitutions per site) in the phylogenetic tree increased. In particular, with the relative rate of nonsynonymous substitutions to synonymous substitutions being 5.0, most of the positively selected codon sites were correctly detected when the total branch length in the phylogenetic tree was > or = 2.5. When this method was applied to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene, which included antigen recognition sites (ARSs), positive selection was detected mainly on ARSs. This finding confirmed the effectiveness of the present method with actual data. Moreover, two amino acid sites were newly identified as positively selected in non-ARSs. The three-dimensional structure of the HLA molecule indicated that these sites might be involved in antigen recognition. Positively selected amino acid sites were also identified in the envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus and the influenza virus hemagglutinin protein. This method may be helpful for predicting functions of amino acid sites in proteins, especially in the present situation, in which sequence data are accumulating at an enormous speed.
OC3MON: Flexible,Affordable,High-Performance Statistics Collection (1997)

introduction The Internet is rapidly growing in number of users, traffic volume, and topological complexity. At the same time it is increasingly driven by economic competition. These developments render it more difficult, and yet more critical, to characterize network usage and workload trends, and point to the need for a high performance monitoring system that can provide workload data to Internet users and administrators. To ensure the practicality of using the monitor at variety of locations, implementation on low cost, commodity hardware is a necessity. In its role as the network service provider for NSF’s vBNS (very high speed Backbone Network Service) project, MCI has undertaken the development of an OC3 based monitor to meet these needs. We will describe and demonstrate our current prototype. The goal of the project is to specifically accommodate three incompatible trends: current widely used statistics gathering tools, largely FDDI and Ethernet based, are running out of gas, so scaling to higher speeds is difficult ATM trunks at OC3c are increasingly used for high volume backbone trunks and interconnects detailed flow based analysis is important to understanding usage patterns and growth trends, but
The Impact of Poverty on Social Networks and Supports (1983)

No abstract available for this article.
A convolutional neural network approach for half-pel interpolation in video coding (2017)

Motion compensation is a fundamental technology in video coding to remove the temporal redundancy between video frames. To further improve the coding efficiency, sub-pel motion compensation has been utilized, which requires interpolation of fractional samples. The video coding standards usually adopt fixed interpolation filters that are derived from the signal processing theory. However, as video signal is not stationary, the fixed interpolation filters may turn out less efficient. Inspired by the great success of convolutional neural network (CNN) in computer vision, we propose to design a CNN-based interpolation filter (CNNIF) for video coding. Different from previous studies, one difficulty for training CNNIF is the lack of ground-truth since the fractional samples are actually not available. Our solution for this problem is to derive the “ground-truth” of fractional samples by smoothing high-resolution images, which is verified to be effective by the conducted experiments. Compared to the fixed half-pel interpolation filter for luma in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), our proposed CNNIF achieves up to 3.2% and on average 0.9% BD-rate reduction under low-delay P configuration.
Aspects of Methane Chemistry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAspects of Methane ChemistryRobert H. CrabtreeCite this: Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 4, 987–1007Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00036a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00036a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4968Altmetric-Citations724LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microbial production of isoquinoline alkaloids as plant secondary metabolites based on metabolic engineering research (2013)

Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites that possess strong physiological activities. Unfortunately, however, their production can suffer from a variety of serious problems, including low levels of productivity and heterogeneous quality, as well as difficulty in raw material supply. In contrast, microorganisms can be used to produce their primary and some of their secondary metabolites in a controlled environment, thus assuring high levels of efficiency and uniform quality. In an attempt to overcome the problems associated with secondary metabolite production in plants, we developed a microbial platform for the production of plant isoquinoline alkaloids involving the unification of the microbial and plant metabolic pathways into a single system. The potential applications of this system have also been discussed.
Power assist control for walking aid with HAL-3 based on EMG and impedance adjustment around knee joint (2003)

This paper describes the power assist control for walking aid based on EMG and impedance adjustment with HAL-3 we have developed. Virtual torque derived from EMG is adopted as a basic control method, and the motion assist control as to operator's intention can be realized by this method. And we suggest the impedance adjustment around knee joint for more effective power assist control. Experiments for simple motion and walking motion were performed to verify the proposed approach, with impedance parameters found by RLS (recursive least square) method. The evaluation of assisted motion was done by a calculation based on EMG in nearly proportion to the operator's muscle force. The results showed the amplitudes of EMG were reduced significantly, the operator was able to swing the leg lighter by reducing the inertia around knee, and the strain of knee in foot-grounding could be alleviated by adding the stiffness to joint.
A High Throughput String Matching Architecture for Intrusion Detection and Prevention (2005)

Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems have emerged as one of the most effective ways of providing security to those connected to the network, and at the heart of almost every modern intrusion detection system is a string matching algorithm. String matching is one of the most critical elements because it allows for the system to make decisions based not just on the headers, but the actual content flowing through the network. Unfortunately, checking every byte of every packet to see if it matches one of a set of ten thousand strings becomes a computationally intensive task as network speeds grow into the tens, and eventually hundreds, of gigabits/second. To keep up with these speeds a specialized device is required, one that can maintain tight bounds on worst case performance, that can be updated with new rules without interrupting operation, and one that is efficient enough that it could be included on chip with existing network chips or even into wireless devices. We have developed an approach that relies on a special purpose architecture that executes novel string matching algorithms specially optimized for implementation in our design. We show how the problem can be solved by converting the large database of strings into many tiny state machines, each of which searches for a portion of the rules and a portion of the bits of each rule. Through the careful co-design and optimization of our our architecture with a new string matching algorithm we show that it is possible to build a system that is 10 times more efficient than the currently best known approaches.
Melatonin agonists in the management of sleep disorders: A focus on ramelteon and tasimelteon (2014)

Melatonin agonists have become an area of interest in the treatment of sleep disorders. This article reviews the available data on this class of medications, with a focus on ramelteon and tasimelteon.
A stereo 97 dB SNR audio sigma-delta ADC (2002)

High-performance VLSI implementations of sigma-delta audio ADCs at present use separate dies for digital and analog parts. In the circuit presented in this paper, the interference in the analog part is negligible, enabling use of the same die for the entire converter. The converter has a 44.1 kHz sampling rate, oversampling ratio of 64, and the passband edge at 20 kHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High-Throughput SNP Allele-Frequency Determination in Pooled DNA Samples by Kinetic PCR (2000)

We have developed an accurate, yet inexpensive and high-throughput, method for determining the allele frequency of biallelic polymorphisms in pools of DNA samples. The assay combines kinetic (real-time quantitative) PCR with allele-specific amplification and requires no post-PCR processing. The relative amounts of each allele in a sample are quantified. This is performed by dividing equal aliquots of the pooled DNA between two separate PCR reactions, each of which contains a primer pair specific to one or the other allelic SNP variant. For pools with equal amounts of the two alleles, the two amplifications should reach a detectable level of fluorescence at the same cycle number. For pools that contain unequal ratios of the two alleles, the difference in cycle number between the two amplification reactions can be used to calculate the relative allele amounts. We demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the assay on samples with known predetermined SNP allele frequencies from 5% to 95%, including pools of both human and mouse DNAs using eight different SNPs altogether. The accuracy of measuring known allele frequencies is very high, with the strength of correlation between measured and known frequencies having an r(2) = 0.997. The loss of sensitivity as a result of measurement error is typically minimal, compared with that due to sampling error alone, for population samples up to 1000. We believe that by providing a means for SNP genotyping up to thousands of samples simultaneously, inexpensively, and reproducibly, this method is a powerful strategy for detecting meaningful polymorphic differences in candidate gene association studies and genome-wide linkage disequilibrium scans.
New classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus correlate with disease activity (2014)

New SLICC classification criteria correlate with disease activity because they capture more manifestations also included in the SLEDAI index. Patients with longer disease duration had a larger damage index score.