gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid thermal nitridation of SiO2 for nitroxide thin dielectrics (1985)

Nitroxide thin films have been grown by rapid thermal nitridation of oxidized silicon in ammonia. The kinetics of formation of the surface and interface nitrogen-rich layers has been investigated and correlated to the electrical behavior of these films. It could be concluded that rapid thermal nitridation of ≊100 Å SiO2 results in negative shift of flatband voltage, slightly increases the surface state density, increases the low-field conductivity, reduces the high-field conductivity, improves the dielectric breakdown field, modifies the trapping behavior of the insulator, and slows down the generation rate of new surface states due to high-field electrical stress.
Peroperative Adenosine Infusion Reduces the Requirements for Isoflurane and Postoperative Analgesics (1995)

The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of adenosine infusion, firstly, on postoperative analgesic requirements, and secondly, on peroperative isoflurane requirements.Seventy-five women, aged 18-70 yrs, ASA grades I and II, scheduled for breast surgery, were randomly assigned to peroperatively receive a double-blind intravenous infusion of either adenosine, 80 micro gram centered dot kg-1 centered dot min-1, or placebo, during surgery under isoflurane/N2 O/O2 anesthesia. The peroperative isoflurane requirements were significantly reduced at 30 and 90 min of surgery during adenosine treatment. The number of patients reporting pain when regaining consciousness after surgery was reduced by 57% in the adenosine group, 8/31 vs 19/32 (P < 0.02). Further, the postoperative 24-h opioid requirements were reduced by 27% in the adenosine group (P < 0.03). In conclusion, we found that a peroperative infusion of a small dose of adenosine during breast surgery, reduces the peroperative anesthetic requirements, and the demand for post-operative analgesics. (Anesth Analg 1995;80:1145-9)
Development of effective immunotherapy for the treatment of patients with cancer (2004)

∗Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Correspondence address: Steven A Rosenberg, MD, PhD, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2B42, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Submitted and accepted January 7, 2004. Presented at the American College of Surgeons 89th Annual Clinical Congress, Chicago, IL, October 2003.
A basic residue at position 36p of the propeptide is not essential for the correct folding and subsequent autocatalytic activation of prochymosin (2001)

Position 36p in the propeptides of gastric aspartic proteinases is generally occupied by lysine or arginine. This has led to the conclusion that a basic residue at this position, which interacts with the active-site aspartates, is essential for folding and activation of the zymogen. Lamb prochymosin has been shown by cDNA cloning to possess glutamic acid at 36p. To investigate the effect of this natural mutation which appears to contradict the proposed role of this residue, calf and lamb prochymosins and their two reciprocal mutants, K36pE and E36pK, respectively, were expressed in Escherichia coli, refolded in vitro, and autoactivated at pH 2 and 4.7. All four zymogens could be activated to active chymosin and, at both pH values, the two proteins with Glu36p showed higher activation rates than the two Lys36p forms. Glu36p was also demonstrated in natural prochymosin isolated from the fourth stomach of lamb, as well as being encoded in the genomes of sheep, goat and mouflon, which belong to the subfamily Caprinae. A conserved basic residue at position 36p of prochymosin is thus not obligatory for its folding or autocatalytic activation. The apparently contradictory results for porcine pepsinogen A [Richter, C., Tanaka, T., Koseki, T. & Yada, R.Y. (1999) Eur. J. Biochem. 261, 746-752] can be reconciled with those for prochymosin. Lys/Arg36p is involved in stabilizing the propeptide-enzyme interaction, along with residues nearer the N-terminus of the propeptide, the sequence of which varies between species. The relative contribution of residue 36p to stability differs between pepsinogen and prochymosin, being larger in the former.
RGD‐modified anti‐CD3 antibodies redirect cytolytic capacity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes toward αvβ3‐expressing endothelial cells (2004)

To redirect the lytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) toward tumor vascular endothelial cells, we prepared bifunctional proteins with specificity for both alphavbeta3 and CD3. Monocyclic RGD peptides (cRGDfK) were covalently coupled to an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody at different peptide:protein ratios. The resulting RGDpep-anti-CD3 conjugates bound specifically to alphavbeta3-expressing endothelial cells. Displacement studies with radiolabeled alphavbeta3 ligand demonstrated that the alphavbeta3 binding affinity of RGDpep-anti-CD3 conjugates was elevated as compared to the non-conjugated RGDpep. IC50 values ranged from 150-1.1 nM, depending on the amount of coupled RGDpep molecules per antibody molecule. RGD modification did not affect the ability of anti-CD3 antibodies to bind to CTL. Furthermore, RGDpep-anti-CD3 was fully capable of activating T cells upon CD3 binding as was shown in a Jurkat/NFAT reporter-gene activation assay. All RGDpep-anti-CD3 conjugates were able to induce RGDpep, CD3-dependent lysis of human primary endothelial cells by anti-CD3/IL-2 activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), with a significant induction of cytotoxicity observed at an E/T ratio as low as 10. Redirecting cytolytic activity reached up to 50% cytotoxicity using the conjugate with the highest RGD peptide load. Combining the good accessibility of tumor blood vessel endothelium for CTL with the efficiency of target cell killing warrants further investigations on anti-tumor effects of this type of conjugates in vivo.
Selective Ligands for Rat A3 Adenosine Receptors: Structure-Activity Relationships of 1,3-Dialkylxanthine 7-Riboside Derivatives (1994)

1,3-Dibutylxanthine 7-riboside has been found to be a partial agonist at A3 adenosine receptors (van Galen et al. Mol. Pharmacol. 1994, 45, 1101-1111). 1,3-Dialkylxanthine 7-riboside analogues modified at the 1-, 3-, and 8-purine positions and at the ribose 5'-position were synthesized. The nucleoside analogues were examined for affinity in radioligand binding assays at rat brain A3 adenosine receptors stably expressed in CHO cells, using the radioligand [[125I]-4-amino-3-iodobenzyl]adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (AB-MECA). Affinity was assayed at rat brain A1 and A2a receptors using [3H]PIA and [3H]CGS 21680, respectively. The affinity of xanthine 7-ribosides at A3 receptors depended on the 1,3-dialkyl substituents in the order: Pent > or = Bu >> Hx > Pr approximately Me. 1,3-Dipentylxanthine 7-riboside was slightly selective for A3 receptors (2-fold vs A1 and 10-fold vs A2a). 8-Methoxy substitution was tolerated at A3 receptors. 2-Thio vs 2-oxo substitution increased potency at all three subtypes and slightly increased A3 vs A1 selectivity. The 5'-uronamide modification, which was previously found to enhance A3 selectivity in N6-benzyladenosine derivatives, was also incorporated into the xanthine 7-ribosides, with similar results. The affinity of 1,3-dialkylxanthine 7-riboside 5'-uronamides at A3 receptors depended on the N-alkyluronamide substituent in the order: MeNH > EtNH >> NH2 >> Me2N. Affinity of the 5'-uronamides at A3 receptors was dependent on the 1,3-dialkyl substitution in the order: Bu > Pent > Hex. 1,3-Dibutylxanthine 7-riboside 5'-N-methylcarboxamide, with a Ki value of 229 nM at A3 receptors, was 160-fold selective for rat A3 vs A1 receptors and > 400-fold selective vs A2a receptors. This derivative acted as a full agonist in the A3 receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
Characteristics and Composition of Watermelon, Pumpkin, and Paprika Seed Oils and Flours (2001)

The nutritional quality and functional properties of paprika seed flour and seed kernel flours of pumpkin and watermelon were studied, as were the characteristics and structure of their seed oils. Paprika seed and seed kernels of pumpkin and watermelon were rich in oil and protein. All flour samples contained considerable amounts of P, K, Mg, Mn, and Ca. Paprika seed flour was superior to watermelon and pumpkin seed kernel flours in content of lysine and total essential amino acids. Oil samples had high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids with linoleic and oleic acids as the major acids. All oil samples fractionated into seven classes including triglycerides as a major lipid class. Data obtained for the oils' characteristics compare well with those of other edible oils. Antinutritional compounds such as stachyose, raffinose, verbascose, trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid, and tannins were detected in all flours. Pumpkin seed kernel flour had higher values of chemical score, essential amino acid index, and in vitro protein digestibility than the other flours examined. The first limiting amino acid was lysine for both watermelon and pumpkin seed kernel flours, but it was leucine in paprika seed flour. Protein solubility index, water and fat absorption capacities, emulsification properties, and foam stability were excellent in watermelon and pumpkin seed kernel flours and fairly good in paprika seed flour. Flour samples could be potentially added to food systems such as bakery products and ground meat formulations not only as a nutrient supplement but also as a functional agent in these formulations.
A simple construction of ofdm-cdma signals with low peak-to-average power ratio (2003)

This paper investigates the peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) reduction scheme employing a simple symbol transform in OFDM-CDMA systems. This approach is very simple because of no additional complexity and works without restriction on the allocation of spreading code, maintaining the original transmission efficiency. Simulation results show that the investigated scheme gives the PAR reduction gain of 2 /spl sim/ 3 dB compared to the original OFDM and OFDM-CDMA signals, and can provide the further PAR reduction by combining the selective mapping (SLM) and partial transmit sequence (PTS) schemes, which are less complex compared to the ordinary SLM and PTS approaches, respectively.
Resolvin D1 and Its Aspirin-triggered 17R Epimer (2007)

We recently uncovered two new families of potent docosahexaenoic acid-derived mediators, termed D series resolvins (Rv; resolution phase interaction products) and protectins. Here, we assign the stereochemistry of the conjugated double bonds and chirality of alcohols present in resolvin D1 (RvD1) and its aspirin-triggered 17R epimer (AT-RvD1) with compounds prepared by total organic synthesis. In addition, docosahexaenoic acid was converted by a single lipoxygenase in a "one-pot" reaction to RvD1 in vitro. The synthetic compounds matched the physical and biological properties of those enzymatically generated. RvD1 proved to be 7S,8R,17S-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid, AT-RvD1 matched 7S,8R,17R-trihydroxy-4Z,9E,11E,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid, and they both stopped transendothelial migration of human neutrophils (EC(50) approximately 30 nM). In murine peritonitis in vivo, RvD1 and AT-RvD1 proved equipotent (at nanogram dosages), limiting polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in a dose-dependent fashion. RvD1 was converted by eicosanoid oxidoreductase to novel 8-oxo- and 17-oxo-RvD1 that gave dramatically reduced bioactivity, whereas enzymatic conversion of AT-RvD1 was sharply reduced. These results establish the complete stereochemistry and actions of RvD1 and AT-RvD1 as well as demonstrate the stereoselective basis for their enzymatic inactivation. RvD1 regulates human polymorphonuclear leukocyte transendothelial migration and is anti-inflammatory. When its carbon 17S alcohol is enzymatically converted to 17-oxo-RvD1, it is essentially inactive, whereas the 17R alcohol configuration in its aspirin-triggered form (AT-RvD1) resists rapid inactivation. These results may contribute to the beneficial actions of aspirin and omega-3 fish oils in humans.
Affinity-Based Probes Based on Type II Kinase Inhibitors (2012)

Protein kinases are key components of most mammalian signal transduction networks and are therapeutically relevant drug targets. Efforts to study protein kinase function would benefit from new technologies that are able to profile kinases in complex proteomes. Here, we describe active site-directed probes for profiling kinases in whole cell extracts and live cells. These probes contain general ligands that stabilize a specific inactive conformation of the ATP-binding sites of protein kinases, as well as trifluoromethylphenyl diazirine and alkyne moieties that allow covalent modification and enrichment of kinases, respectively. A diverse group of serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases were identified as specific targets of these probes in whole cell extracts. In addition, a number of kinase targets were selectively labeled in live cells. Our chemical proteomics approach should be valuable for interrogating protein kinase active sites in physiologically relevant environments.
APPRIS 2017: principal isoforms for multiple gene sets (2017)

The APPRIS database (http://appris-tools.org) uses protein structural and functional features and information from cross-species conservation to annotate splice isoforms in protein-coding genes. APPRIS selects a single protein isoform, the 'principal' isoform, as the reference for each gene based on these annotations. A single main splice isoform reflects the biological reality for most protein coding genes and APPRIS principal isoforms are the best predictors of these main proteins isoforms. Here, we present the updates to the database, new developments that include the addition of three new species (chimpanzee, Drosophila melangaster and Caenorhabditis elegans), the expansion of APPRIS to cover the RefSeq gene set and the UniProtKB proteome for six species and refinements in the core methods that make up the annotation pipeline. In addition APPRIS now provides a measure of reliability for individual principal isoforms and updates with each release of the GENCODE/Ensembl and RefSeq reference sets. The individual GENCODE/Ensembl, RefSeq and UniProtKB reference gene sets for six organisms have been merged to produce common sets of splice variants.
Jervine. VI. The Sulfuric Acid-catalyzed Acetolysis of N-Acetyl-3-desoxy-3(α)-chlorotetrahydrojervine (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTJervine. VI. The Sulfuric Acid-catalyzed Acetolysis of N-Acetyl-3-desoxy-3(α)-chlorotetrahydrojervineB. M. Iselin and O. WintersteinerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 22, 5616–5620Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01651a006Request reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (659 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Biology of Immunologic Disease. (1984)

Book reviews some have poor colour reproduction and others are at too low a power of magnification.Several would have bene- fited from the use of indicator arrows.However, this book is more than an atlas.The text is a well-written, concise, practical account of biopsy pathology based upon the author's own extensive experiences, and it is worth buying for this, especially by trainees with the hurdle of the MRCPath in front of them.Overall, this book is a very good read.If the printers had done a better job of colour reproduction, it would be excellent value at the price.
The Plasma Membrane of Bloodstream-form African Trypanosomes Confers Susceptibility and Specificity to Killing by Hydrophobic Peptides (2010)

Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of both a veterinary wasting disease and human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness. The cell membrane of the developmental stage found within the mammalian host, the bloodstream form (BSF), is highly dynamic, exhibiting rapid rates of endocytosis and lateral flow of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. Here, we show that the cell membrane of these organisms is a target for killing by small hydrophobic peptides that increase the rigidity of lipid bilayers. Specifically, we have derived trypanocidal peptides that are based upon the hydrophobic N-terminal signal sequences of human apolipoproteins. These peptides selectively partitioned into the plasma membrane of BSF trypanosomes, resulting in an increase in the rigidity of the bilayer, dramatic changes in cell motility, and subsequent cell death. No killing of the developmental stage found within the insect midgut, the procyclic form, was observed. Additionally, the peptides exhibited no toxicity toward mammalian cell lines and did not induce hemolysis. Studies with model liposomes indicated that bilayer fluidity dictates the susceptibility of membranes to manipulation by hydrophobic peptides. We suggest that the composition of the BSF trypanosome cell membrane confers a high degree of fluidity and unique susceptibility to killing by hydrophobic peptides and is therefore a target for the development of trypanocidal drugs.
Rapid Inactivation of Infectious Pathogens by Chlorhexidine-Coated Gloves (1992)

The use of CHG gloves may reduce the risk of exposure to infectious fluid-borne pathogens should the integrity of the latex barrier be compromised by overt failure or by permeation of viruses. Rapid destruction of lymphocytes and macrophages may facilitate inactivation of HIV associated with these cells. Tests have shown that CHG coating does not alter physical properties of the glove, and, furthermore, CHG gloves do not show potential for dermal irritation or sensitization.
Convenient substitution of hydroxypyridines with trifluoroacetaldehyde ethyl hemiacetal (2001)

Abstract Thermal substitution of 4‐hydroxypyridine 1 with trifluoroacetaldehyde ethyl hemiacetal (TFAE) leads to a moderate yield of 3‐(1‐hydroxy‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)‐4‐hydroxypyridine 7 in the presence of a catalytic amount of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Under similar conditions, several α‐trifluoromethyl hydroxy‐pyridinemethanols 8–15 are easily prepared from 2‐ or 3‐hydroxypyridines 2–6 .
Molecular cloning and functional expression of a cDNA encoding the human V1b vasopressin receptor. (1994)

Arginine vasopressin modulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone, beta-endorphin, and prolactin from the anterior pituitary. Release is mediated by the V1b receptor through the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ by phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis. In contrast to its well characterized peripheral actions, such as antidiuresis, contraction of vascular smooth muscle, and stimulation of hepatic glycogenolysis, the exact site and mechanism of vasopressin action in the pituitary remain unclear. This is largely due to a lack of information on the molecular identity and exact localization of the V1b receptor. This lack prompted us to try to isolate this receptor subtype. Here we report the molecular cloning and functional expression of a complementary DNA encoding the human V1b receptor. The deduced 424-amino acid sequence of the receptor has highest overall homology with the V1a, V2, and oxytocin receptors, with homologies of 45, 39, and 45%, respectively. The receptor expressed in COS-1 cells has a single binding site for arginine vasopressin with a Kd of 0.17 +/- 0.04 nM. It binds various agonists and antagonists of vasopressin with affinities distinct from those of V1a and V2 receptors but consistent with those anticipated for the V1b receptor on the basis of the pharmacological studies. Furthermore, arginine vasopressin evoked calcium-dependent chloride current in Xenopus oocytes transfected with the receptor, which was not affected by a V1a/V2 antagonist. In contrast, the current evoked in oocytes transfected with V1a receptor was abolished by the antagonist. Northern blot analysis revealed that the receptor expression is restricted to the pituitary. These data clearly indicate that the cloned cDNA encodes the V1b receptor.
Highly Convergent Synthesis of C3- or C2-Symmetric Carbohydrate Macrocycles (2005)

[structure: see text] A highly convergent strategy for the synthesis of C3- or C2-symmetric oligosaccharide macrocycles is reported. Molecular modeling indicates these macrocycles possess sterically congested cavities. Weak host-guest interactions are observed that should be beneficial for applications such as functionalized molecular pores.
Hydration: Issues for the 21st Century (2003)

Historically, hydration research reflected critical issues of the day. War, illness, surviving a shipwreck or time in the dessert, supplying fall-out shelters, and space exploration drove hydration research in the first half of the 20th century. The fitness revolution of the 1970s spurred research on dehydration in physically active people and athletes. The 1990s introduced the "fluid/disease relationship." What will be the driving force behind hydration research in the 21st century? Where are the gaps in our knowledge? This review provides an overview of issues pertinent to determining future directions in hydration research.
Development and Application of a Virtual Environment for Reconstructive Surgery (2000)

Objective: This paper details the development and application of a Virtual Environment for Reconstructive Surgery (VERS). It addresses the technical and user-interface challenges in developing such a system, and the lessons learned during application of the system in the case of a 17-year-old boy with a severe facial defect arising from the removal of a soft-tissue sarcoma.Materials and Methods: Computed tomography (CT)scans were segmented into bone and soft-tissue classifications using traditional and novel algorithms, a surface mesh was generated, and imaging arrifacts were removed, yielding a mesh suitable for visualization. This patient-specific mesh was then used in a virtual environment by the surgeons for preoperative visualization of the defect, planning of the surgery, and production of a custom surgical template to aid in repairing the defect.Results: This system was successfully used to plan the surgery of the patient and to produce a custom, patient-specific template that was used to harvest bone from a donor site in order to reconsu-uct the defect.Conclusion: Despite technical challenges, virtual-environment surgical planning is useful as a clinical tool for preoperative visualization, cephalometric analysis, and surgical intervention. It can provide a more precise surgical result than would otherwise be realized using traditional methods.