gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Boosted Regression Trees to Predict the Strength Properties of Wood Composites (2011)

The forest products industry is a significant contributor to the U.S. economy contributing six percent of the total U.S. manufacturing gross domestic product (GDP), placing it on par with the U.S. automotive and plastics industries. Sustaining business competitiveness by reducing costs and maintaining product quality will be essential in the long term for this industry. Improved production efficiency and business competitiveness is the primary rationale for this work. A challenge facing this industry is to develop better knowledge of the complex nature of process variables and their relationship with final product quality attributes. Quantifying better the relationships between process variables (e.g., press temperature) and final product quality attributes plus predicting the strength properties of final products are the goals of this study. Destructive lab tests are taken at one to two hour intervals to estimate internal bond (IB) tensile strength and modulus of rupture (MOR) strength properties. Significant amounts of production occur between destructive test samples. In the absence of a real-time model that predicts strength properties, operators may run higher than necessary feedstock input targets (e.g., weight, resin, etc.). Improved prediction of strength properties using boosted regression tree (BRT) models may reduce the costs associated with rework (i.e., remanufactured panels due to poor strength properties), reduce feedstocks costs (e.g., resin and wood), reduce energy usage, and improve wood utilization from the valuable forest resource. Real-time, temporal process data sets were obtained from a U.S. particleboard manufacturer. In this thesis, BRT models were developed to predict the continuous response variables MOR and IB from a pool of possible continuous predictor variables. BRT model comparisons were done using the root mean squared error for prediction (RMSEP) and the RMSEP relative to the mean of the response variable as a percent (RMSEP%) for the validation data set(s). Overall, for MOR, RMSEP values ranged from 0.99 to 1.443 MPa, and RMSEP% values ranged from 7.9% to 11.6%. Overall, for IB, RMSEP values ranged from 0.074 to 0.108 MPa, and RMSEP% values ranged from 12.7% to 18.6%.
Enhanced plasmon coupling in crossed dielectric/metal nanowire composite geometries and applications to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2007)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was performed on Ga2O3∕Ag and ZnO∕Ag nanowires, which were arranged in either a crossover or noncrossing geometry. Results indicate a high SERS sensitivity (near 0.2pg) for nanowires arranged in a crossing geometry. It is suggested that this is due to the dielectric core/metal shell structure, as well as to the nanowire crossings, which are regions of very high electric fields. Finite element simulations of the electric field near two crossed wires confirm an enhanced plasmon resonance in the vicinity of the crossing, which extends spatially in the crossings and around the nanowires.
Comparative trial of methylprednisolone and budesonide enemas in active distal ulcerative colitis (1994)

Objective To compare the clinical effects of budesonide enema 2mg/100ml and methylprednisolone hemisuccinate (MP) enema 20mg/100ml once daily in active distal ulcerative colitis. Design Patients with mild or moderate distal ulcerative colitis (n = 88), which did not extend beyond the splenic flexure, were enrolled in a multicentre randomized investigator blind study comprising a blind treatment period of 4 weeks followed by a 4-week open phase with the same budesonide dose in patients with partial remission. Patients were assessed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Results At 4 weeks, 39% of patients on budesonide and 36% on MP were considered to be in clinical remission; budesonide was more effective in patients with moderate disease at entry (36 versus 29%). On sigmoidoscopy, no differences in the porportion of patients with no or only mild signs of mucosal inflammation were observed between budesonide and MP (43 versus 46%, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the histology scores. Of the 37 patients receiving budesonide for a further 4 weeks, 65% achieved symptomatic remission and 47% showed mucosal healing or substantial improvement on endoscopy at 8 weeks. Plasma cortisol levels fell significantly (P < 0.01) after 4 weeks in patients on MP, while only a slight change was observed in those on budesonide. After 8 weeks, plasma cortisol levels were unchanged in patients continuing on budesonide whereas in those switched from MP to budesonide, they approached the baseline value. No drug-related adverse experiences were observed. Conclusions Budesonide enema seems to be as effective as MP enema in the topical treatment of distal ulcerative colitis but unlike conventional steroids, it causes minimal or no adrenal supression.
HMGB1 promotes the activation of NLRP3 and caspase-8 inflammasomes via NF-κB pathway in acute glaucoma (2015)

The findings of this study identified a novel signaling pathway in which HMGB1, in response to acutely elevated intraocular pressure, activated the canonical NLRP3 and non-canonical caspase-8 inflammasomes and production of IL-1β during acute glaucoma development. These results provide new insights to the understanding of the innate response that contributes to pathogenesis of acute glaucoma.
Antithrombotic drug candidate ALX-0081 shows superior preclinical efficacy and safety compared with currently marketed antiplatelet drugs (2011)

Neutralizing the interaction of the platelet receptor gpIb with VWF is an attractive strategy to treat and prevent thrombotic complications. ALX-0081 is a bivalent Nanobody which specifically targets the gpIb-binding site of VWF and interacts avidly with VWF. Nanobodies are therapeutic proteins derived from naturally occurring heavy-chain-only Abs and combine a small molecular size with a high inherent stability. ALX-0081 exerts potent activity in vitro and in vivo. Perfusion experiments with blood from patients with acute coronary syndrome on standard antithrombotics demonstrated complete inhibition of platelet adhesion after addition of ALX-0081, while in the absence of ALX-0081 residual adhesion was observed. In a baboon efficacy and safety model measuring acute thrombosis and surgical bleeding, ALX-0081 showed a superior therapeutic window compared with marketed antithrombotics. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution experiments demonstrated target-mediated clearance of ALX-0081, which leads to a self-regulating disposition behavior. In conclusion, these preclinical data demonstrate that ALX-0081 combines a high efficacy with an improved safety profile compared with currently marketed antithrombotics. ALX-0081 has entered clinical development.
Automation for Genomics, Part Two: Sequencers, Microarrays, and Future Trends (2000)

Automation for genomics has enabled a 43-fold increase in the total finished human genomic sequence in the world in the past four years. This is the second half of a two-part, noncomprehensive review that presents an overview of different types of automation equipment used in genome sequencing. The first part of the review, published in the previous issue, focused on automated procedures used to prepare DNA for sequencing or analysis. This second part of the review presents a look at available DNA sequencers and array technology and concludes with a look at future technologies. Alternate sequencing technologies including mass spectrometry, biochips, and single molecule analysis are included in this review.
Are men funnier than women, or do we just think they are? (2016)

Despite the widely held view that men are funnier than women, research supporting this view is inconsistent. Instead, the view that men are funnier than women may be a stereotype rather than a reflection of real differences in humor. Considering a previously found source memory bias in the attribution of funnier captions to men and less funny captions to women, this stereotype may be working to further perpetuate this mistaken belief. The current study aims to investigate this possible stereotype and further investigate an attribution bias arising from this stereotype. Two-hundred and twenty-eight participants from three countries (Britain, Canada, and Australia) rated the funniness of male and female-authored cartoon captions while blind to the gender of the caption authors. Participants were then asked to guess the gender of the caption authors and were also asked which gender they believe to be the funniest. Participants both male and female believed men are the funniest gender. However, this belief was not reflected in their ratings of the funniness of the cartoon captions. Support was found for a bias in attributing male authorship to the funniest cartoon captions, and female authorship to the least funny cartoon captions. This bias cannot not be attributed to source memory. It was suggested this stereotype may be self-fulfilling in nature and additional mechanisms maintaining this stereotype are proposed.
Physical Properties of Egg White−Dialdehyde Starch Films (1998)

Films were cast from heated (40 °C for 20 min) alkaline (pH 11.25) aqueous solutions of egg white (EW) solids (9 g/100 mL of water), polyethylene glycol 400 (60% w/w of EW), yolk solids (10% w/w of EW), and dialdehyde starch (DAS) at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, or 10% (w/w) of EW. For all types of films, tensile strength (TS), percentage elongation at break (E), Hunter color values (L, a, and b), total soluble matter (TSM) after immersion in water at 25 °C for 24 h, and protein solubility (PS) after immersion for 12 h in buffers (pH 8) containing urea and urea/2-mercaptoethanol were determined. DAS addition increased (P < 0.05) film TS and yellowness (+b values) and reduced (P < 0.05) film TSM and PS in both buffer systems. These modifications in film properties suggested occurrence of cross-linking between EW protein and DAS. This was further supported by SDS−PAGE patterns. Such patterns for DAS-containing films revealed bands of aggregates, increasing in intensity with increasing amounts of DAS, which were absent from patterns of control EW films. Keywords: Egg albumen; protein films; dialdehyde starch; cross-linking
Metabolic Changes Associated with Adaptation of Plant Cells to Water Stress (1986)

Suspension cultured cells of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv VFNT Cherry) adapted to water stress induced with polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG), exhibit marked alterations in free amino acid pools (Handa et al. 1983 Plant Physiol 73: 834-843). Using computer simulation models the in vivo rates of synthesis and utilization and compartmentation of free amino acid pools were determined from (15)N labeling kinetics after substituting [(15)N]ammonium and [(15)N]nitrate for the (14)N salts in the culture medium of cell lines adapted to 0% and 25% PEG. The 300-fold elevated proline pool in 25% PEG adapted cells is primarily the consequence of a 10-fold elevated rate of proline synthesis via the glutamate pathway. Ornithine was insufficiently labeled to serve as a major precursor for proline. Our calculations suggest that the rate of proline synthesis only slightly exceeds the rate required to sustain both protein synthesis and proline pool maintenance with growth. Mechanisms must operate to restrict proline oxidation in adapted cells. The kinetics of labeling of proline in 25% PEG adapted cells are consistent with a single, greatly enlarged metabolic pool of proline. The depletion of glutamine in adapted cells appears to be a consequence of a selective depletion of a large, metabolically inactive storage pool present in unadapted cultures. The labeling kinetics of the amino nitrogen groups of glutamine and glutamate are consistent with the operation of the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase cycle in both cell lines. However, we could not conclusively discriminate between the exclusive operation of the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase cycle and a 10 to 20% contribution of the glutamate dehydrogenase pathway of ammonia assimilation. Adaptation to water stress leads to increased nitrogen flux from glutamate into alanine and gamma-aminobutyrate, suggesting increased pyruvate availability and increased rates of glutamate decarboxylation. Both alanine and gamma-aminobutyrate are synthesized at rates greatly in excess of those simply required to maintain the free pools with growth, indicating that these amino acids are rapidly turned over. Thus, both synthesis and utilization rates for alanine and gamma-aminobutyrate are increased in adapted cells. Adaptation to stress leads to increased rates of synthesis of valine and leucine apparently at the expense of isoleucine. Remarkably low (15)N flux via the aspartate family amino acids was observed in these experiments. The rate of synthesis of threonine appeared too low to account for threonine utilization in protein synthesis, pool maintenance, and isoleucine biosynthesis. It is possible that isoleucine may be deriving carbon skeletons from sources other than threonine. Tentative models of the nitrogen flux of these two contrasting cell lines are discussed in relation to carbon metabolism, osmoregulation, and nitrogenous solute compartmentation.
SWEET ROUTES TO SUSTAINABILITY (2007)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSWEET ROUTES TO SUSTAINABILITYBIOFUELS: Catalytic reactions convert sugars from biomass into renewable fuel and feedstockRACHEL PETKEWICHCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2007, 85, 26, 8Publication Date (Print):June 25, 2007Publication History Published online29 October 2010Published inissue 25 June 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v085n026.p008https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n026.p008newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Fuels Get e-Alerts
Ferumoxytol: a silver lining in the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease or another dark cloud? (2012)

Intravenous iron therapy is pivotal in the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease to optimize the response of hemoglobin to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. Intravenous iron use in patients with chronic kidney disease is on the rise. Recent clinical trial data prompting safety concerns regarding the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents has stimulated new US Food and Drug Administration label changes and restrictions for these agents, and has encouraged more aggressive use of intravenous iron. The currently available intravenous iron products differ with regard to the stability of the iron-carbohydrate complex and potential to induce hypersensitivity reactions. Ferumoxytol is a newer large molecular weight intravenous iron formulation that is a colloidal iron oxide nanoparticle suspension coated with polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethyl ether. Ferumoxytol has robust iron-carbohydrate complex stability with minimal dissociation or appearance of free iron in the serum, allowing the drug to be given in relatively large doses with a rapid rate of administration. Clinical trials have demonstrated the superior efficacy of ferumoxytol versus oral iron with minimal adverse effects. However, recent postmarketing data have demonstrated a risk of hypersensitivity that has prompted new changes to the product information mandated by the Food and Drug Administration. Additionally, the long-term safety of this agent has not been evaluated, and its place in the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease has not been fully elucidated.
Is tropomyosin an allergen in Anisakis? (2000)

similarity is one reason that CAP and prick skin tests produced many positive results in patients without clinical manifestations of Anisakis sensitivity.
Liquid crystallinity in collagen solutions and magnetic orientation of collagen fibrils (1984)

Abstract Studies of the optical birefringence of solutions of acid‐soluble collagen from rat‐tail tendon at 22°C in the pH range 1.0–6.0 show that collagen exhibits an isotropic to mesophase transition only between pH 2.4 and 3.0 at 10% weight concentration. Such liquid crystalline order is probably essential for the orientation of collagen in a magnetic field. When solutions of neutral salt‐soluble collagen were precipitated at pH 7.0 by warming to 37°C (“heat gelling”) in a magnetic field of ca. 20 kG, the resulting fibrils wee oriented perpendicular to the direction of the field. Heat gelling is shown to be a useful technique for maintaining the orientation induced in precursor solutions even after the sample is removed from the magnetic field.
Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric α-Chlorination of Aldehydes (2004)

The direct organocatalytic enantioselective alpha-chlorination of aldehydes has been developed. The reaction proceeds for a series of different aldehydes with NCS as the chlorine source using easily available catalysts such as l-proline amide and (2R,5R)-diphenylpyrrolidine. The alpha-chloro aldehydes are obtained in up to 99% yield and up to 95% ee. The synthetic utility of the enantioselective alpha-chlorination of aldehydes is demonstrated by transformation of the alpha-chloro aldehydes to the corresponding alpha-chloro alcohols (>90% yield) by standard reduction and further transformation to both a terminal epoxide and amino alcohol, both obtained without loss of optical purity. Oxidation of the alpha-chloro aldehydes followed by esterification gave optically active alpha-chloro esters without loss of optical purity. It is demonstrated that these optically active alpha-chloro esters can be converted into nonproteinogenic amino acids in overall high yields, maintaining the enantiomeric excess obtained in the catalytic enantioselective alpha-chlorination step.
Definition of microRNAs That Repress Expression of the Tumor Suppressor Gene FOXO1 in Endometrial Cancer (2009)

Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the lower female reproductive tract. The tumor suppressor FOXO1 is downregulated in endometrial cancer compared with normal endometrium but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Using microRNA (miR) target prediction algorithms, we identified several miRs that potentially bind the 3'-untranslated region of FOXO1 transcripts. Expression profiling of normal and malignant endometrial samples by quantitative real-time PCR and Northern blot analysis revealed an inverse correlation between the levels of FOXO1 protein and the abundance of several of the in silico-predicted miRs, suggesting that loss of FOXO1 expression in endometrial cancer may be mediated by miRs. To determine the role of candidate miRs, we used the endometrial cancer cell lines HEC-1B and Ishikawa, which express FOXO1 at high and low levels, respectively. Expression of miR-9, miR-27, miR-96, miR-153, miR-182, miR-183, or miR-186, but not miR-29a, miR-128, miR-152, or miR-486 mimetics in HEC-1B cells was sufficient to significantly reduce the abundance of FOXO1. Conversely, FOXO1 expression was efficiently restored in the Ishikawa cell line upon simultaneous inhibition of miR-9, miR-27, miR-96, miR-153, miR-183, and miR-186. Moreover, induction of FOXO1 in Ishikawa cells by miR inhibitors was accompanied by G1 cell cycle arrest and cell death, and was attenuated by the small interfering RNA-mediated downregulation of FOXO1 expression. Our findings identify several miRs overexpressed in endometrial cancer that function in concert to repress FOXO1 expression. Further, aberrant miR expression results in deregulated cell cycle control and impaired apoptotic responses, and thus, may be central to endometrial tumorigenesis.
C5aR‐antagonist significantly reduces the deleterious effect of a blunt chest trauma on fracture healing (2011)

Confirming clinical evidence, we recently demonstrated that a blunt chest trauma considerably impaired fracture healing in rats, possibly via the interaction of posttraumatic systemic inflammation with local healing processes, the underlying mechanisms being unknown. An important trigger of systemic inflammation is the complement system, with the potent anaphylatoxin C5a. Therefore, we investigated whether the impairment of fracture healing by a severe trauma resulted from systemically activated complement. Rats received a blunt chest trauma and a femur osteotomy stabilized with an external fixator. To inhibit the C5a-dependent posttraumatic systemic inflammation, half of the rats received a C5aR-antagonist intravenously immediately and 12 h after the thoracic trauma. Compared to the controls (control peptide), the treatment with the C5aR-antagonist led to a significantly increased flexural rigidity (three-point-bending test), an improved bony bridging of the fracture gap, and a slightly larger and qualitatively improved callus (µCT, histomorphometry) after 35 days. In conclusion, immunomodulation by a C5aR-antagonist could abolish the deleterious effects of a thoracic trauma on fracture healing, possibly by influencing the function of inflammatory and bone cells locally at the fracture site. C5a could possibly represent a target to prevent delayed bone healing in patients with severe trauma.
Narrowband fiber grating filters (1989)

Fiber Bragg grating reflectors have potential use as narrowband filters and in nonlinear modulators and switches. We report on the results of two approaches for obtaining a very narrowband response from a fiber grating. The first is to reduce the reflection bandwidth by increasing the grating length. In the second approach a phase shift is incorporated into the grating to form a resonator.1,2 This is the first demonstration of a grating resonator made in an optical fiber.