gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Left-Handed Parallel β Helix in the Structure of UDP- N- Acetylglucosamine Acyltransferase (1995)

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 3-O-acyltransferase (LpxA) catalyzes the transfer of (R)-3-hydroxymyristic acid from its acyl carrier protein thioester to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. LpxA is the first enzyme in the lipid A biosynthetic pathway and is a target for the design of antibiotics. The x-ray crystal structure of LpxA has been determined to 2.6 angstrom resolution and reveals a domain motif composed of parallel beta strands, termed a left-handed parallel beta helix (L beta H). This unusual fold displays repeated violations of the protein folding constraint requiring right-handed crossover connections between strands of parallel beta sheets and may be present in other enzymes that share amino acid sequence homology to the repeated hexapeptide motif of LpxA.
Cool-Cache (2003)

The unique characteristics of multimedia/embedded applications dictate media-sensitive architectural and compiler approaches to reduce the power consumption of the data cache. Our goal is exploring energy savings for embedded/multimedia workloads without sacrificing performance. Here, we present two complementary media-sensitive energy-saving techniques that leverage static information. While our first technique is applicable to existing architectures, in our second technique we adopt a more radical approach and propose a new tagless caching architecture by reevaluating the architecture--compiler interface.Our experiments show that substantial energy savings are possible in the data cache. Across a wide range of cache and architectural configurations, we obtain up to 77% energy savings, while the performance varies from 14% improvement to 4% degradation depending on the application.
100 nm gate length high performance/low power CMOS transistor structure (2003)

We report a very high performance 100 nm gate length CMOS transistor structure operating at 1.2-1.5 V. These transistors are incorporated in a 180 nm logic technology generation. Various process enhancements are incorporated to significantly improve transistor current drive capability relative to the results published by Yang et al. (1998). Unique transistor features responsible for achieving high performance are described. NMOS and PMOS devices demonstrate drive current of 1.04 mA//spl mu/m and 0.46 mA//spl mu/m respectively at 1.5 V and 3 nA//spl mu/m I/sub OFF/. These are the best drive currents reported to date at fixed I/sub OFF/. They represents 10% drive current improvement for both NMOS and PMOS devices relative to the results published by Yang without any change in gate-oxide thickness. High performance is demonstrated down to 1.2 V. Inverter delay of less than 10 psec is reported at 1.5 V at very moderate I/sub OFF/ values.
Release from quiescence of CD34+ CD38- human umbilical cord blood cells reveals their potentiality to engraft adults. (1993)

Using optimal culture conditions in which the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) inhibitory loop has been interrupted by antisense TGF-beta 1 oligonucleotides or anti-TGF-beta serum, we have compared the proliferative capacities and the abilities of the CD34+ CD38- cell populations from bone marrow and umbilical cord blood to generate early progenitors in long-term cultures. The CD34+ CD38- fraction of umbilical cord blood accounts for 4% of the CD34+ fraction compared to only 1% in bone marrow, indicating that umbilical cord blood may be relatively enriched in stem cells. We estimate that the CD34+ CD38- cells from a typical umbilical cord blood sample produce equivalent numbers of colony-forming units (CFU)-granulocyte/erythrocyte/macrophage/megakaryocyte, twice as many CFU-granulocyte/macrophage (GM) and 3 times as many burst-forming units-erythroid as the same population from an average bone marrow sample used in adult transplantation. In addition, the colonies resulting from the umbilical cord blood samples were significantly larger than those from bone marrow, indicating a greater growth potential. However, the content of later progenitors, which may be important for short-term reconstitution, was less in umbilical cord blood-derived than in bone marrow-derived cell preparations, as estimated by a 4-fold lower production of CFU-GM in long-term cultures of CD34+ CD38+ cells. This deficit is partially compensated by the higher growth capacity of the resulting CFU-GM. These studies suggest that umbilical cord blood is a suitable source of cells for adult transplantation.
Design, implementation, and evaluation of optimizations in a JavaTM Just-In-Time compiler (2000)

The Java language incurs a runtime overhead for exception checks and object accesses, which are executed without an interior pointer in order to ensure safety. It also requires type inclusion test, dynamic class loading, and dynamic method calls in order to ensure flexibility. A ‘Just-In-Time’ (JIT) compiler generates native code from Java byte code at runtime. It must improve the runtime performance without compromising the safety and flexibility of the Java language. We designed and implemented effective optimizations for a JIT compiler, such as exception check elimination, common subexpression elimination, simple type inclusion test, method inlining, and devirtualization of dynamic method call. We evaluate the performance benefits of these optimizations based on various statistics collected using SPECjvm98, its candidates, and two JavaSoft applications with byte code sizes ranging from 23 000 to 280 000 bytes. Each optimization contributes to an improvement in the performance of the programs. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duration of posttraumatic stress disorder predicts hippocampal grey matter loss (2009)

To examine the impact of environmental stress on grey matter volume in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we investigated the relationship between duration of PTSD and grey matter volume of hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex. Twenty-one participants with PTSD and 17 trauma-exposed controls, matched for age and sex and with no history of substance dependence, underwent a T1-weighted structural MRI scan and voxel-based morphometry was employed. After controlling for age, depression and whole-brain volume, analysis of covariance revealed significant reductions in hippocampus and rostral anterior cingulate cortex in PTSD, and there was a significant negative correlation between right hippocampal volume and PTSD duration. This pattern suggests that prolonged PTSD may have cumulative adverse effects on hippocampal volume, highlighting the potential role of genetic-environmental interactions.
Plasmodium malariaeInfection in an Asymptomatic 74-Year-Old Greek Woman with Splenomegaly (1998)

Malaria most commonly presents as an acute systemic, febrile illness but may manifest more indolently as chronic anemia, glomerulonephritis, or tropical splenomegaly syndrome (or hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly) due to Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, or P. malariae. 1 Although all the major malaria parasites of humans cause acute illness that may be accompanied by splenomegaly, P. malariae is the only one recognized to cause asymptomatic infections that can last decades.1 Asymptomatic P. malariae infections are typically associated with very low levels of parasitemia and normal physical examinations,2,3 and they generally come to medical attention when malaria is transmitted by transfusion2, . . .
Six-Helix Bundles Designed from DNA (2005)

We present a designed cyclic DNA motif that consists of six DNA double helices that are connected to each other at two crossover sites. DNA double helices with 10.5 nucleotide pairs per turn facilitate the programming of DNA double crossover molecules to form hexagonally symmetric arrangements when the crossover points are separated by seven or fourteen nucleotide pairs. We demonstrate by atomic force microscopy well-formed arrays of hexagonal six-helix bundle motifs both in 1D and in 2D.
Microhand for biological applications (2006)

A microhand, approximately 1mm in fist diameter, has been developed with microelectromechanical systems technology to mimic the human hand in microscale. The hand has multiple microfingers, composed of silicon phalanges and polymer-balloon joints. By pneumatically inflating and deflating the balloon joints, the microfingers perform the motions of flexion and extension. This device possesses attractive characteristics: (i) gentle but strong holding, (ii) out-of-plane enclosure, (iii) active grasping, (iv) being inert to surroundings, and (v) reliable monolithic construction. It operates in both air and aqueous environments, as well as demonstrates grasping, stretching, and detaching of soft objects in submillimeter scale for biological applications.
Phosphorylation of serine 367 of FOXC2 by p38 regulates ZEB1 and breast cancer metastasis, without impacting primary tumor growth (2016)

Metastatic competence is contingent upon the aberrant activation of a latent embryonic program, known as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which bestows stem cell properties as well as migratory and invasive capabilities upon differentiated tumor cells. We recently identified the transcription factor FOXC2 as a downstream effector of multiple EMT programs, independent of the EMT-inducing stimulus, and as a key player linking EMT, stem cell traits and metastatic competence in breast cancer. As such, FOXC2 could serve as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate metastasis. However, as FOXC2 is a transcription factor, it is difficult to target by conventional means such as small-molecule inhibitors. Herein, we identify the serine/threonine-specific kinase p38 as a druggable upstream regulator of FOXC2 stability and function that elicits phosphorylation of FOXC2 at serine 367 (S367). Using an orthotopic syngeneic mouse tumor model, we make the striking observation that inhibition of p38-FOXC2 signaling selectively attenuates metastasis without impacting primary tumor growth. In this model, circulating tumor cell numbers are significantly reduced in mice treated with the p38 inhibitor SB203580, relative to vehicle-treated counterparts. Accordingly, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of p38 decreases FOXC2 protein levels, reverts the EMT phenotype and compromises stem cell attributes in vitro. We also identify the EMT-regulator ZEB1-known to directly repress E-cadherin/CDH1-as a downstream target of FOXC2, critically dependent on its activation by p38. Consistent with the notion that activation of the p38-FOXC2 signaling axis represents a critical juncture in the acquisition of metastatic competence, the phosphomimetic FOXC2(S367E) mutant is refractory to p38 inhibition both in vitro and in vivo, whereas the non-phosphorylatable FOXC2(S367A) mutant fails to elicit EMT and upregulate ZEB1. Collectively, our data demonstrate that FOXC2 regulates EMT, stem cell traits, ZEB1 expression and metastasis in a p38-dependent manner, and attest to the potential utility of p38 inhibitors as antimetastatic agents.
Photosensitive Titania Polymers. (2002)

A metal containing negative working photoresist is derived from crosslinkable organotitanium polymer which upon exposure to an oxygen plasma or baking in air, is converted to titanium dioxide (titania) or to a mixed, titanium-organic containing metal oxide. The metal oxide formed in situ imparts etch resistance, depending on the post applied bake process, to a bilayer lithographic process. The composition may also be directly deposited and patterned into permanent metal oxide device feature by a photolithographic process, or can be applied as dielectric bottom antireflective coating.
Median radial basis function neural network (1996)

Radial basis functions (RBFs) consist of a two-layer neural network, where each hidden unit implements a kernel function. Each kernel is associated with an activation region from the input space and its output is fed to an output unit. In order to find the parameters of a neural network which embeds this structure we take into consideration two different statistical approaches. The first approach uses classical estimation in the learning stage and it is based on the learning vector quantization algorithm and its second-order statistics extension. After the presentation of this approach, we introduce the median radial basis function (MRBF) algorithm based on robust estimation of the hidden unit parameters. The proposed algorithm employs the marginal median for kernel location estimation and the median of the absolute deviations for the scale parameter estimation. A histogram-based fast implementation is provided for the MRBF algorithm. The theoretical performance of the two training algorithms is comparatively evaluated when estimating the network weights. The network is applied in pattern classification problems and in optical flow segmentation.
Removal and Inactivation of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms by Electrolysis (2006)

Bacterial biofilms were exposed to electrolysis by making the steel substratum an electrode in a circuit including a 6-V battery. These treatments resulted in killing (2.1-log reduction) and removal (4.0-log reduction) of viable cells at the anode and cathode, respectively, within a few minutes.
Determination of the mechanism of the chlorination of gold in aqueous solutions (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of the mechanism of the chlorination of gold in aqueous solutionsCarl C. Nesbitt, Emil B. Milosavljevic, and James L. HendrixCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 8, 1696–1700Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00104a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00104a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views300Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biochemical Characterization ofS-Nitrosohemoglobin (1999)

S-Nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) has been suggested to act as an endogenous NO donor and physiological regulator of blood pressure. However, the mechanisms responsible for the formation of SNO-Hb and those underlying the release of NO and subsequent biological activity have yet to be elucidated. In the present study, a number of nitrosated oxyhemoglobin (HbO(2)) derivatives have been synthesized and characterized. HbO(2) can be nitrosated at up to three distinct residues, one in the alpha-globin chain and two in the beta-chain. A beta-chain mononitrosated species (designated "SNO-Hb"), generated by the reaction of HbO(2) and S-nitrosoglutathione, released NO via a thiol-dependent mechanism involving nucleophilic attack at the nitrosated thiol functionality of SNO-Hb; in the case of glutathione, this process was associated with the formation of a mixed disulfide. In contrast, multinitrosated hemoglobin species released NO and relaxed vascular smooth muscle by a thiol-independent mechanism. HbO(2) scavenged potently NO released from SNO-Hb and inhibited its vasorelaxant properties. These data show that the predominant vasoactive species released from SNO-Hb is NO, with HNO a putative intermediate; the presence of a low molecular weight thiol is a prerequisite for this process. Such observations have important implications for the generation, metabolic fate, and biological activity of S-nitrosothiols.
Expression and Tissue-specific Assembly of Human Butyrylcholine Esterase in Microinjected Xenopus laevis Oocytes (1989)

Cholinesterases represent a ubiquitous, polymorphic family of acetylcholine hydrolyzing enzymes. The multileveled tissue-specific heterogeneity which characterizes these enzymes makes the cholinesterases an appropriate model for studying the mechanisms involved in regulating divergent pathways in protein biogenesis. For this purpose, a cDNA coding for human butyrylcholine esterase (BuChE) was subcloned into the SP 6 transcription vector. Synthetic mRNA transcribed from this construct was microninjected into Xenopus laevis oocytes alone, and in conjunction with poly(A)+ RNAs extracted from human brain or muscle. Injected BuChE-mRNA induced the biosynthesis of a protein exhibiting the catalytic activity, substrate specificity, and sensitivity to selective inhibitors characteristic of native human serum BuChE, and clearly distinct from the related enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The nascent BuChE was reproducibly distributed into low salt-soluble and detergent-extractable pools. Sucrose gradient analysis demonstrated that the nascent human enzyme was capable of limited subunit assembly, appearing as functional dimeric molecules in both of these fractions. Co-injection with brain or muscle-derived mRNAs facilitated higher order oligomeric assembly. Co-injected brain mRNA induced the appearance of tetramers while co-injected muscle mRNA induced the appearance of an array of heavy molecular forms, including a heavy 16 S form. These results indicate that the molecular determinants which distinguish BuChE from AChE are inherent to its primary amino acid sequence and that additional, tissue-specific protein(s) are involved in the modulation of subunit assembly within particular biological milieues.
Human teratocarcinoma stem cells: Glycolipid antigen expression and modulation during differentiation (1987)

Teratocarcinomas are germ cell tumors in which pluripotent stem cells, embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, undergo differentiation along the pathways resembling those occurring during early embryogenesis. Human EC cell lines established in vitro provide a model for studying embryonic cellular differentiation in a way that is pertinent to early human development. The predominant glycolipid antigens expressed by EC cells of both humans and mice have globoseries core structures; in humans they are terminally modified to yield the monoclonal antibody-defined stage-specific embryonic antigens SSEA-3 and SSEA-4, and also globo-ABH antigens; in the mouse terminal modification yields the Forssman antigen rather than SSEA-3 and -4. These observations focus attention on the possible role of the P-blood group system, which regulates synthesis of globoseries oligosaccharides, in the behavior of cells in the early embryo and in teratocarcinomas. Marked changes in the core structures of the cell surface glycolipids occur as the EC cells differentiate; thus globoseries structures rapidly diminish and are replaced by lactoseries and then by ganglioseries glycolipids. During differentiation of the NTERA-2 line of pluripotent human EC cells into neurons and other cell types, the various subsets of differentiated cells that arise are distinguished by their differential expression of new glycolipid antigens, particularly ganglioside GT3 (recognized by antibody A2B5), and ganglioside 9-0-acetyl GD3 (recognized by antibody ME311). Neurons are found among the A2B5+/ME311- cells.
Natural cytotoxic reactivity of human lymphocyte subpopulations. (1979)

The spontaneous cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood lymphocyte preparations from normal donors for K562 target cells was examined. Effector cells were separated into SRBC rosette forming cell (RFC) and non-rosette forming cell (non-RFC) fractions using optimal and suboptimal rosetting procedures. RFC and non-RFC fractions both had high cytotoxic activity irrespective of the rosetting procedure. Owing to the larger size of the RFC fraction, it contained a higher proportion of the total activity in the preparation. Nylon fibre column adherent and non-adherent fractions also both produced cytotoxicity. Nylon fibre non-adherent cells separated by SRBC separation gave a RFC fraction with low activity and a non-RFC fraction with high activity. Separation of nylon fibre adherent cells gave RFC and non-RFC fractions with high cytotoxic activity. Therefore cytotoxic cells did not form a discrete subpopulation and either occur in several lymphocyte subsets or show a variable capacity to form SRBC rosettes and adhere to nylon fibre.
Properties of liquid marbles (2006)

Liquid marbles are liquid drops made non-wetting by the use of a powder which coats them. Because of the absence of a contact line, quick motions without leakage of small amounts of liquid are allowed, which can be of interest in microfluidic applications. After characterizing the static liquid marble, we focus on its properties and study experimentally the viscous motion of liquid marbles. Then, we describe qualitatively possible ways for putting marbles into motion and quantify the robustness of this object.
Phase-aberration correction using signals from point reflectors and diffuse scatterers: basic principles (1988)

Methods for correction of phase aberrations induced by near-field variations in the index of refraction are explored. Using signals obtained from a sampled aperture (i.e. transducer array), phase aberrations can be accurately measured with a correlation approach similar to methods used in adaptive optics and radar. However, the method presented here has no need for a beacon or an ideal point reflector to act as a source for estimating phase errors. It uses signals from random collections of scatterers to determine phase aberrations accurately. Because there is no longer a need for a beacon signal, the method is directly applicable not only to medical ultrasound imaging but also to any coherent imaging system with a sampled aperture, such as radar and sonar.