gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of effector‐target conjugates for cloned human natural killer and human lymphokine activated killer cells by flow cytometry (1991)

The present studies demonstrate that the intracellular fluorochromes calcein and hydroethidine can be used for quantification of effector-target conjugates involving cloned human natural killer (NK) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) activated human lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells by dual color flow cytometry without potential artifacts that might result from extensive modification of effector and/or target cell membranes. Cloned NK cells and LAK cells form conjugates with cultured cell lines regardless of susceptibility to lysis. The strength of the interactions in these conjugates was investigated using a variable speed vortexer. Even relatively gentle vortexing disrupted most conjugates involving fresh human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) but only about one-fourth of conjugates between K-562 cells and human PBL that had been cultured with or without IL-2 by this treatment. The rate of conjugate formation for LAK cells was determined to be about 3 times faster than for cloned NK cells, and both rates are considerably faster than the reported rate of formation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) target conjugates. The differences in the rate of conjugate formation are apparently not related to target cell specificity, since LAK cells form conjugates with susceptible and resistant cell lines at comparable rates. When effector-target conjugates are incubated at 37 degrees C in the absence of calcium--thereby precluding lysis--the percentage of conjugated LAK or cloned NK cells decreases logarithmically with time. These results suggest that an initial equilibrium between free and conjugated lymphocytes gradually shifts in favor of unconjugated cells.
Activating transcription factor 2-derived peptides alter resistance of human tumor cell lines to ultraviolet irradiation and chemical treatment. (2001)

Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and its kinase, p38, play an important role in the resistance of melanoma to radiation and chemotherapy. Whereas ATF2 up-regulates the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, which serves as a survival factor in late-stage melanoma cells, p38 attenuates Fas expression via inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB. We investigated whether ATF2-derived peptides could be used to alter the sensitivity of human melanoma cells to radiation and chemical treatment. Of four 50-amino acid peptides tested, the peptide spanning amino acids 50-100 elicited the most efficient increase in the sensitivity of human melanoma cells to UV radiation or treatment by mitomycin C, Adriamycin, and verapamil, or UCN-01, as revealed by apoptosis assays. Sensitization by ATF2 peptide was also observed in the MCF7 human breast cancer cells but not in early-stage melanoma or melanocytes, or in in vitro-transformed 293T cells. When combined with an inhibitor of p38 catalytic activity, cells expressing amino acids 50-100 of ATF2 exhibited an increase in the degree of programmed cell death, indicating that combined targeting of ATF2 and p38 kinases is sufficient to induce apoptosis in late-stage melanoma cells. The ability of the peptide to increase apoptosis coincided with increased cell surface expression of Fas, which is the primary death-signaling cascade in these late-stage melanoma cells. Overall, our studies identified a critical domain of ATF2 that may be used to sensitize tumor cells to radiation and chemical treatment-induced apoptosis and that can induce apoptosis when combined with inhibition of ATF2 kinase, p38.
M o d e l o s de Gestió n d e l C o n o c im i e n t o (2009)

This article presents the results of an investigation made by one of the authors, as part of a Master of Science program, and describes different models related with Knowledge Management. The main objective of the
Primary structure of a DNA- and heparin-binding domain (Domain III) in human plasma fibronectin. (1985)

The complete amino acid sequence of a DNA- and heparin-binding domain isolated by limited thermolysin digestion of human plasma fibronectin has been obtained. The domain contains 90 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 10,225. The apparent molecular mass of this domain is 14 kDa when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. The anomalously high molecular size estimation may be due to the inaccuracy of this method in the low range. The structure was established from microsequence analysis of the chymotryptic, tryptic, and Staphylococcus aureus protease peptides. The molecular ion of each of the chymotryptic peptides was obtained by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The domain has a preponderance of basic residues with a net charge of +5 at neutral pH. The basic nature of the domain may account for its affinity for the polyanions, DNA and heparin. The predicted secondary structure is beta-sheet, in common with all of the type III internal sequence homology structures obtained for fibronectin so far. The location of the domain in fibronectin was made possible by limited thermolysin digestion and identification of the fragments and by comparison of the sequence of the 14-kDa fragment with the partial structure of bovine plasma fibronectin. The domain comprises residues 585-675 and defines a region immediately adjacent to the collagen-binding domain. Numbering domains beginning at the amino terminus, this domain is Domain III after the fibrin/heparin/actin/S. aureus binding Domain I and the collagen-binding Domain II. The domain was obtained from a larger precursor (56 kDa) which bound heparin, DNA, and gelatin. Further digestion of the 56-kDa fragment gave rise to a 40-kDa fragment which only bound gelatin, and a 14-kDa fragment which only bound heparin or DNA. The 14-kDa fragment (Domain III) marks the beginning of the type III homology region in fibronectin, for there may be up to 15 repeats of 90 amino acids. The size of this domain corresponds to one repeat of 90 amino acids and it has some sequence homology to the other type III sequences found thus far in fibronectin.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Oral Pathogenic Bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis Strain W83 (2003)

The complete 2,343,479-bp genome sequence of the gram-negative, pathogenic oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis strain W83, a major contributor to periodontal disease, was determined. Whole-genome comparative analysis with other available complete genome sequences confirms the close relationship between the Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides (CFB) phylum and the green-sulfur bacteria. Within the CFB phyla, the genomes most similar to that of P. gingivalis are those of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis. Outside of the CFB phyla the most similar genome to P. gingivalis is that of Chlorobium tepidum, supporting the previous phylogenetic studies that indicated that the Chlorobia and CFB phyla are related, albeit distantly. Genome analysis of strain W83 reveals a range of pathways and virulence determinants that relate to the novel biology of this oral pathogen. Among these determinants are at least six putative hemagglutinin-like genes and 36 previously unidentified peptidases. Genome analysis also reveals that P. gingivalis can metabolize a range of amino acids and generate a number of metabolic end products that are toxic to the human host or human gingival tissue and contribute to the development of periodontal disease.
Big Data: Structured and Unstructured (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Exploration and Production Value Propositions Hybrid Expert and Data-Driven System Case Studies Multivariate Geostatistics Big Data Workflows Integration of Soft Computing Techniques
Policy-based Dynamic Channel Selection Architecture for Cognitive Radio Networks (2007)

Recently, FCC has considered for that unlicensed device leases licensed devices' channel. Therefore, IEEE 802.22 WRAN working group progresses CR (cognitive radio) technique that is able to sense and adopt void channels that are not being occupied by the licensed devices. Channel selection is of the utmost importance because it can affect the whole system performance in CR network. Thus, we propose a policy-based dynamic channel selection architecture for cognitive radio network to achieve an efficient communication. We propose three kinds of method for channel selection; the first one is weighted selection, the second one is sequential selection, and the last one is combined selection. We can obtain the optimum channel list using the proposed protocol.
As we may think (1945)

As Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, Dr. Vannevar Bush has coordinated the activities of some six thousand leading American scientists in the application of science to warfare. In this significant article he holds up an incentive for scientists when the fighting has ceased. He urges that men of science should then turn to the massive task of making more accessible our bewildering store of knowledge. For years inventions have extended man's physical powers rather than the powers of his mind. Trip hammers that multiply the fists, microscopes that sharpen the eye, and engines of destruction and detection are new results, but not the end results, of modern science. Now, says Dr. Bush, instruments are at hand which, if properly developed, will give man access to and command over the inherited knowledge of the ages. perfection of these pacific instruments should be the first objective of our scientists as they emerge from their war work. Like Emerson's famous address of 1837 on The American Scholar, this paper by Dr. Bush calls for a new relationship between thinking man and the sum of our knowledge.
Anisotropy effects in P-wave and SH-wave stacking velocities contain information on lithology (1986)

Abstract Depths calculated from S-wave stacking velocities and event times almost always exceed actual depths, sometimes by as much as 25 percent. In contrast, depths from corresponding P-wave information are often within 10 percent of actual depths. Discrepancies in depths calculated from P- and S-wave data are attributed to velocity anisotropy, a property of sedimentary rocks that noticeably affects S-wave moveout curves but leaves the P-wave relatively unaffected. Two careful studies show that discrepancies in depths, and hence in constituent layer thicknesses, correlate with lithology. Discrepancies ranged from an average of 13 percent (Midland basin) to greater than 40 percent (Paloma field) in shales, but were within expected errors in massive sandstones or carbonates. Hence anisotropy effects are indicators of lithology.Analysis of seismic data involved determining interval velocities from stacking velocities, calculating layer thicknesses, and then comparing layer thicknesses from S-wave data with thicknesses from P-wave data. When the S-wave thicknesses were significantly greater than the P-wave (i.e., outside the range of expected errors), I concluded the layer was anisotropic. I illustrate the technique with data from the Paloma field project of the Conoco Shear Wave Group Shoot.
Price Formation in Double Auctions (1995)

Abstract. We develop a model of information processing and strategy choice for participants in a double auction. Sellers in this model form beliefs that an o er will be accepted by some buyer. Similarly, buyers form beliefs that a bid will be accepted. These beliefs are formed on the basis of observed market data, including frequencies of asks, bids, accepted asks, and accepted bids. Then traders choose an action that maximizes their own expected surplus. The trading activity resulting from these beliefs and strategies is su cient to achieve transaction prices at competitive equilibrium and complete market e ciency after several periods of trading. 1
Control of optical transmission through metals perforated with subwavelength hole arrays (1999)

The transmission spectrum of a metal that is perforated with a periodic array of subwavelength holes exhibits well-defined maxima and minima resulting from, respectively, a transmission enhancement by surface plasmons and Wood's anomaly, a diffraction effect. These features occur at wavelengths determined by the geometry of the hole arrays, the refractive index of the adjacent medium, and the angle of incidence. We demonstrate control of the transmission through variation of these parameters and show that perforated metal films may form a novel basis for electro-optic devices such as flat-panel displays, spatial light modulators, and tunable optical filters.
Repression mediates cell-type-specific expression of the rat growth hormone gene. (1986)

A plasmid containing 1.8 kilobase pairs of rat growth hormone (rGH) promoter and upstream flanking sequences fused to the bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) was transiently introduced into pituitary, fibroblast, and kidney cell lines. Significant CAT activity was detectable only in the pituitary cell lines, demonstrating that this relatively large fragment directs strongly cell-type-specific expression. However, plasmids containing only 200-300 bases of rGH promoter and flanking sequences directed expression of CAT in all three cell types, suggesting that upstream sequences directly repress the activity of a minimal rGH promoter in nonpituitary cell types. S1 nuclease analysis showed that the RNA synthesis directed by one of the short rGH promoter fragments in fibroblasts initiated from the site used by the natural promoter in pituitary cells. Insertion of rGH upstream sequences in their natural orientation upstream of the mouse metallothionein I promoter caused a decrease in its activity in fibroblasts by a factor of 4, but there was a 2.5-fold increase in its activity in pituitary cells. Insertion of the rGH fragment upstream of the thymidine kinase promoter in either orientation lowered its activity in both fibroblasts and pituitary cells. Thus, the negatively acting rGH flanking sequences can act on a heterologous promoter and have at least some of the properties of positively acting enhancers.
Determination of tear volume and tear flow. (1966)

The dynamics of tear flow ivere studied for human subjects using fluorescein as an indicator. A new fluorophotometer attachable to a slit lamp was designed to determine fluorescein concentration of tears in situ. After the instillation of about 1 id of fluorescein solution (1.0 Gm. L.-) into the cul-de-sac, its concentration in the tears was found to decay in a single exponential pattern. In most cases, the turnover rate teas initially fast and became slower after about flve minutes. The initial faster turnover rate was interpreted as the result of stimulation of lacrimation due to the application of solution, and the subsequent slower decay interpreted as the physiologic turnover. The initial turnover showed individual variation and was lower in older than in younger persons. The physiologic turnover rate was fairly constant among normal subjects, the average being about 16 per cent minr The tear volume in the cul-de-sac ivas measured with two methods. The dilution method consisted of instilling 16.2 fil of fluorescein solution (0.10 Gm. hr) sampling after blinking and determining the dilution ratio. This method was found to be subject to large errors due to lacrimation. The second method involved the construction of a semilog plot of concentration decay after the application of a known amount (about 1 id) of fluorescein solution (1.0 Gm. L.-'), the extrapolation of the decay curve to zero time, and the computation of the tear volume from the zero time concentration. The latter method gave very consistent results. The average tear volume obtained was 7.0 2.0 fj-l, with no significant difference between age groups, sexes, and fellow eyes. This value agreed well with the probable tear volume calculated from anatomical considerations. The combination of the tear volume and turnover rate determinations gave an average tear flow of 1.2 id niinr with a range of 0.5 to 2.2 ixl minr. The tear volume was found to increase with increasing tear flow. Since the tear volume obtained with the zero time method corresponds to an initial faster tear flow, the normal tear volume with a normal tear flow was estimated from the volume-flow relationship; the average normal tear volume was 6.2 2.0 id.
A Guide to HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Sequencing for Drug Resistance Studies. (2001)

HIV-1 RT and protease sequencing and drug susceptibility testing have been done in research settings for more than ten years to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of resistance to antiretroviral drugs. Retrospective studies have shown that the presence of drug resistance before starting a new drug regimen is an independent predictor of virologic response to that regimen (DeGruttola et al., 2000; Hanna and D’Aquila, 2001; Haubrich and Demeter, 2001). Prospective studies have shown that patients whose physicians have access to drug resistance data, particularly genotypic resistance data, respond better to therapy than control patients whose physicians do not have access to the same data (Baxter et al., 2000; Cohen et al., 2000; De Luca et al., 2001; Durant et al., 1999; Melnick et al., 2000; Meynard et al., 2000; Tural et al., 2000). The accumulation of retrospective and prospective data has led three expert panels to recommend the use of resistance testing in the treatment of HIV-infected patients (EuroGuidelines Group for HIV Resistance, 2001; Hirsch et al., 2000; US Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Clinical Practices for Treatment of HIV Infection, 2000) (Table 1). There have been several recent reviews on methods for assessing HIV-1 drug resistance (Demeter and Haubrich, 2001; Hanna and D’Aquila, 2001; Richman, 2000) and on the mutations associated with drug resistance (Deeks, 2001; Hammond et al., 1999; Loveday, 2001; Miller, 2001; Shafer et al., 2000b). This review will detail the use of HIV-1 genotypic resistance testing in research settings where it is used to learn about the mechanisms and clinical significance of drug resistance and in clinical settings where it is used to help guide anti-HIV treatment.
Numerical investigation of heating of a gold nanoparticle and the surrounding microenvironment by nanosecond laser pulses for nanomedicine applications (2009)

We have modeled, by finite element analysis, the process of heating of a spherical gold nanoparticle by nanosecond laser pulses and of heat transfer between the particle and the surrounding medium, with no mass transfer. In our analysis, we have included thermal conductivity changes, vapor formation, and changes of the dielectric properties as a function of temperature. We have shown that such changes significantly affect the temperature reached by the particle and surrounding microenvironment and therefore the thermal and dielectric properties of the medium need to be known for a correct determination of the temperature elevation. We have shown that for sufficiently low intensity and long pulses, it is possible to establish a quasi-steady temperature profile in the medium with no vapor formation. As the intensity is increased, a phase-change with vapor formation takes place around the gold nanoparticle. As phase-transition starts, an additional increase in the intensity does not significantly increase the temperature of the gold nanoparticle and surrounding environment. The temperature starts to rise again above a given intensity threshold which is particle and environment dependent. The aim of this study is to provide useful insights for the development of molecular targeting of gold nanoparticles for applications such as remote drug release of therapeutics and photothermal cancer therapy.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Rituximab in Antibody-mediated Renal Allograft Rejection. (2011)

This study suggests that RTX is a reasonable therapeutic option in the treatment of AMR. Further randomized studies are necessary to establish its efficacy and safety.
Actions and Mode of Actions of FGF19 Subfamily Members (2008)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are humoral factors with diverse biological functions. While most FGFs were shown to work as local factors regulating cell growth and differentiation, recent investigations indicated that FGF19 subfamily members, FGF15/19, FGF21 and FGF23 work as systemic factors. FGF15/19 produced by intestine inhibits bile acid synthesis and FGF21from liver is involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In addition, FGF23 was shown to be produced by bone and regulate phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. Furthermore, these FGFs require klotho or betaklotho for their actions in addition to canonical FGF receptors. It is possible that these FGFs together with their receptor systems might be targets for novel therapeutic measures in the future.
Functional Expression of a Mammalian Odorant Receptor (1998)

Candidate mammalian odorant receptors were first cloned some 6 years ago. The physiological function of these receptors in initiating transduction in olfactory receptor neurons remains to be established. Here, a recombinant adenovirus was used to drive expression of a particular receptor gene in an increased number of sensory neurons in the rat olfactory epithelium. Electrophysiological recording showed that increased expression of a single gene led to greater sensitivity to a small subset of odorants.
The inhibitory GABA system as a therapeutic target for cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia: investigational agents in the pipeline (2010)

If cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenic individuals are the result of GABAergic dysfunction, selectively modulating the GABA system could comprise a promising therapeutic intervention for cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of a PNA·DNA·PNA Triple Helix in Aqueous Solution J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5895−5904 (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionMolecular Dynamics Simulation of a PNA·DNA·PNA Triple Helix in Aqueous Solution J. Am. Chem. Soc.1998, 120, 5895−5904George C. Shields, Charles A. Laughton, and Modesto OrozcoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 7, 1625Publication Date (Web):February 3, 1999Publication History Published online3 February 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja985540zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja985540zcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views411Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (15 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts