gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Surface Plasmon Resonance to Study the Binding of Vancomycin and Its Dimer to Self-Assembled Monolayers Presenting d-Ala-d-Ala (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTUsing Surface Plasmon Resonance to Study the Binding of Vancomycin and Its Dimer to Self-Assembled Monolayers Presenting d-Ala-d-AlaJianghong Rao, Lin Yan, Bing Xu, and George M. WhitesidesView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 11, 2629–2630Publication Date (Web):March 6, 1999Publication History Received9 November 1998Published online6 March 1999Published inissue 1 March 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9838763https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9838763rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views865Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Equilibrium,Ligands,Oligomers,Surface interactions,Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Get e-Alerts
Fibrinolytic Therapy and n-Acetylocysteine in the Treatment of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Its Influence on Authentic Plasma Hydroperoxide Levels and Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Oxygen Metabolism (1999)

Recently it has been demonstrated that the administration of n-acetylocysteine (NAC), in combination with streptokinase, significantly diminished oxidative stress in patients with myocardial infarction. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of NAC treatment, as adjunct therapy in an evolving myocardial infarction, on the polymorphonuclear count, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide levels and nitric oxide production by PMNs and authentic plasma hydroperoxide (ROOH). Treatment of patients with NAC in addition to reperfusion therapy was accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils. However, the oxygen metabolism of PMNs was not affected by NAC administration. The concentration of authentic plasma hydroperoxide was significantly reduced by the administration of NAC which suggests diminished oxidative stress during acute myocardial infarction.
High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 function as general class II transcription factors (1990)

High mobility group (HMG) proteins 1 and 2 are thought to be associated with chromatin enriched in active gene sequences, to stimulate endogenous transcription of class II and III genes using HMG-depleted nuclei, and to bind specific DNA sequences upstream of the coding regions of trout HMG-T and human beta-globin genes. In testing the possibility that these proteins may act as general transcription factors, the run-off transcription of trout protamine, human beta-globin, adenovirus 2 major late promoter, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase genes was found to be inhibited by affinity-purified HMG-1 and -2 antibodies. The inhibition was partially relieved by exogenously added HMG-1 or -2. A complementation assay showed that the 0.15 M KCl flowthrough of HeLa nuclear extract fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography (DE-52) could be replaced by purified HMG-1 and/or -2 to complement transcription of the trout protamine gene by the 0.5 M KCl eluate fraction. Inhibition studies with heparin showed that HMG-1 and -2 were required for initiation of transcription. These results indicate an absolute requirement of HMG-1 and -2 for class II gene transcription. Western blotting and transcription reconstituted with purified factors show a copurification of HMG-1 and -2 with factor II B, described earlier by Reinberg and Roeder [(1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 3310-3321].
Comprehensive Insights into the Structural and Chemical Changes in Mixed-Anion FeOF Electrodes by Using Operando PDF and NMR Spectroscopy (2013)

In-depth analysis of operando X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) data is combined with Li NMR spectroscopy to gain comprehensive insights into the electrochemical reaction mechanism of high-performance iron oxyfluoride electrodes. While the full discharge capacity could be recovered upon charge, implying reversibility of the electrochemical reaction, the atomic structure of the electrode formed after cycling (discharge-charge) differs from the pristine uncycled electrode material. Instead, the "active" electrode that forms upon cycling is a nanocomposite of an amorphous rutile phase and a nanoscale rock salt phase. Bond valence sum analysis, based on the precise structural parameters (bond lengths and coordination number) extracted from the in situ PDF data, suggests that anion partitioning occurs during the electrochemical reaction, with the rutile phase being F-rich and the rock salt phase being O-rich. The F- and O-rich phases react sequentially; Fe in a F-rich environment reacts preferentially during both discharge and charge.
Serum‐mediated oligodendrocyte cytotoxicity in multiple sclerosis patients and controls (1986)

We examined serum-mediated cytotoxicity on cultured rat oligodendrocytes, using serum from patients with acute or chronic progressive multiple sclerosis and normal controls. We found heat-labile serum factors in serum from MS and also in controls. The cytotoxic effects of MS and normal sera were not restored by adding a source of complement. Despite apparent lack of disease specificity, such factors might damage oligodendrocytes if they gained access to these cells through a damaged blood-brain barrier in MS or other disorders.
Vergesellschaftung über Märkte — Grundlegung (1997)

Auf einer elementaren Ebene ist die Struktur des Marktes in der Moderne nach Heinemann (1976) zunächst durch die spezifische Form der sozialen Beziehung gekennzeichnet, die zwischen Marktteilnehmern gestiftet wird. Diese Beziehung ist erstens als formale Freiheit und Gleichrangigkeit charakterisiert. Das Marktgeschäft hat die freiwillige Zustimmung der Austauschenden zur Voraussetzung, und zwar ganz unabhängig davon, ob es sich um eine Tauschkooperation zwischen Käufer und Verkäufer auf dem Gütermarkt, zwischen Arbeitgeber und Arbeitnehmer auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, zwischen Vermieter und Mieter auf dem Wohnungsmarkt oder zwischen Gläubiger und Schuldner auf dem Geldmarkt handelt. In jedem Fall können Leistungen gegen Geld grundsätzlich frei getauscht werden, womit umgekehrt auch die Chance der Ablehnung einer Tauschbeziehung besteht. Diese Tauschfreiheit, die in den bürgerlichen Rechtsinstituten der Vertragsfreiheit und Gewerbefreiheit ihren unmittelbaren Ausdruck findet, ermöglicht den einzelnen Marktakteuren, in der Wahl des Tauschpartners und des Tauschobjektes wie auch in der Festlegung der Tauschmengen und Tauschrelationen formal ungebunden und frei zu entscheiden. Der Handel mit Gütern und Dienstleistungen, Grund und Boden, Geld und Wertpapieren wird nicht von ständischen Barrieren behindert, der Zugang zu Märkten und Produkten ist kein exklusives Recht, das an sozial, personal, politisch, ethnisch oder religiös legitimierte Schließungskriterien gebunden ist. Michael Walzer umschreibt in Sphären der Gerechtigkeit (1992, 36) diese Tausch- und Wahlfreiheit des Marktes mit den folgenden Worten: “Was immer rechtmäßig zum Kauf angeboten wird, sollte an gottlose, ketzerische und sündige Männer und Frauen genauso verkauft werden wie an gottesfürchtige (anders wären nennenswerte Geschäfte auch gar nicht zu machen). Der Markt steht allen offen, die zu ihm kommen, die Kirche nicht.”1
Linked Linear Amplification: A New Method for the Amplification of DNA (2001)

LLA is a robust target amplification method that is comparable to PCR in yield. However, LLA is more resistant to false results caused by carryover amplicon contamination.
Circulating levels of beta-chemokines in systemic lupus erythematosus. (1999)

Changes in the serum levels of RANTES and MCP-1 may indicate an interaction between SLE disease activity and the production of beta-chemokines.
Studies of tylosin derivatives effective against macrolide-resistant strains: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships. (1982)

The 4"-O-substituted tylosin derivatives were prepared by selective esterification of the 4"-OH, and relationships between the substituent groups and antimicrobial activity against macrolide-resistant strains were examined. Introduction of branched-chain aliphatic acyl groups such as 2-methoxyisovaleryl or 4-methylvaleryl group afforded derivatives with good antibacterial activity; MIC values were 12.5 microgram/ml against Staphylococcus aureus MS-8710. MIC values of tylosin, erythromycin and josamycin against this strain were 800 microgram/ml or more. Further improved activity was obtained by introduction of aromatic groups such as phenylthioacetyl, phenylsulfonylacetyl, 4-nitrophenylacetyl, 4-nitrophenylsulfonyl and phenylethanesulfonyl groups; MIC values were 6.25 microgram/ml. These derivatives had also an improved antimycoplasmal activity; MIC values were 0.08 microgram/ml against macrolide-resistant strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. MIC values of tylosin against these strains were from 2.5 to 10 microgram/ml. Introduction of the groups described above into the 4"-OH was confirmed to increase the uptake by a resistant strain.
Role of ${\rm Fe}_{3}{\rm O}_{4}$ as a $p$-Dopant in Improving the Hole Injection and Transport of Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2011)

Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> has been demonstrated to be an efficient <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> -dopant in improving the performance of organic light-emitting devices. This paper investigates in detail the role of Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> in improving the hole injection and the hole transport by the ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared absorption, x-ray, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> as a p-dopant has different effectiveness when it is doped into different host materials. The improved properties of the OLEDs with the p-doped N, N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis (1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine layer is mainly due to the enhanced hole injection through the lowering of the hole injection barrier, while the enhanced hole transport plays a more important role for the OLEDs with the p-doped 4,4',4”-tris (3-methylphenylphenylamino) triphenylamine due to their higher ability in the formation of charge transfer complex.
Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Recent Advances, Lessons Learned, and Areas for Further Research (2011)

A surge of interest in therapeutic cancer vaccines has arisen in the wake of recent clinical trials suggesting that such vaccines can result in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in overall survival-with substantially limited side effects compared with chemotherapy-in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. One of these trials led to the registration of sipuleucel-T, the first therapeutic vaccine to be approved for cancer patients. In this review we highlight emerging patterns from clinical trials that suggest a need for more-appropriate patient populations (i.e., with lower tumor volume and less-aggressive disease) and endpoints (i.e., overall survival) for studies of immunotherapy alone, as well as biologically plausible explanations for these findings. We also explore the rationale for ongoing and planned studies combining therapeutic vaccines with other modalities. Finally, we attempt to put these findings into a practical clinical context and suggest fertile areas for future study. Although our discussion focuses on prostate cancer, the concepts we address most likely have broad applicability to immunotherapy for other cancers as well.
Combination immunotherapy with TLR agonists and checkpoint inhibitors suppresses head and neck cancer (2017)

Checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the majority of patients do not benefit from these agents. To improve the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors, intratumoral (i.t.) injection with innate immune activators, TLR7 and TLR9 agonists, were tested along with programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) blockade. The combination therapy suppressed tumor growth at the primary injected and distant sites in human papillomavirus-negative (HPV-negative) SCC7 and MOC1, and HPV-positive MEER syngeneic mouse models. Abscopal effects and suppression of secondary challenged tumor suggest that local treatment with TLR agonists in combination with anti-PD-1 provided systemic adaptive immunity. I.t. treatment with a TLR7 agonist increased the ratio of M1 to M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and promoted the infiltration of tumor-specific IFNγ-producing CD8+ T cells. Anti-PD-1 treatment increased T cell receptor (TCR) clonality of CD8+ T cells in tumors and spleens of treated mice. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that combination therapy with i.t. delivery of TLR agonists and PD-1 blockade activates TAMs and induces tumor-specific adaptive immune responses, leading to suppression of primary tumor growth and prevention of metastasis in HNSCC models.
Discovering evolutionary stepping stones through behavior domination (2017)

Behavior domination is proposed as a tool for understanding and harnessing the power of evolutionary systems to discover and exploit useful stepping stones. Novelty search has shown promise in overcoming deception by collecting diverse stepping stones, and several algorithms have been proposed that combine novelty with a more traditional fitness measure to refocus search and help novelty search scale to more complex domains. However, combinations of novelty and fitness do not necessarily preserve the stepping stone discovery that novelty search affords. In several existing methods, competition between solutions can lead to an unintended loss of diversity. Behavior domination defines a class of algorithms that avoid this problem, while inheriting theoretical guarantees from multiobjective optimization. Several existing algorithms are shown to be in this class, and a new algorithm is introduced based on fast non-dominated sorting. Experimental results show that this algorithm outperforms existing approaches in domains that contain useful stepping stones, and its advantage is sustained with scale. The conclusion is that behavior domination can help illuminate the complex dynamics of behavior-driven search, and can thus lead to the design of more scalable and robust algorithms.
Overview of the Scalable H.264/MPEG4-AVC Extension (2006)

The scalable extension of H.264/MPEG4-AVC is a current standardization project of the joint video team of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group and the ISO/IEC moving picture experts group. This paper gives an overview of the design of the scalable H.264/MPEG4-AVC extension and describes the basic concepts for supporting temporal, spatial, and SNR scalability. The efficiency of the described concepts for providing spatial and SNR scalability is analyzed by means of simulation results and compared to H.264/MPEG4-AVC compliant single layer coding.
Henipavirus Pathogenesis in Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells (2013)

Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) are deadly zoonotic viruses for which no vaccines or therapeutics are licensed for human use. Henipavirus infection causes severe respiratory illness and encephalitis. Although the exact route of transmission in human is unknown, epidemiological studies and in vivo studies suggest that the respiratory tract is important for virus replication. However, the target cells in the respiratory tract are unknown, as are the mechanisms by which henipaviruses can cause disease. In this study, we characterized henipavirus pathogenesis using primary cells derived from the human respiratory tract. The growth kinetics of NiV-Malaysia, NiV-Bangladesh, and HeV were determined in bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells (NHBE) and small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). In addition, host responses to infection were assessed by gene expression analysis and immunoassays. Viruses replicated efficiently in both cell types and induced large syncytia. The host response to henipavirus infection in NHBE and SAEC highlighted a difference in the inflammatory response between HeV and NiV strains as well as intrinsic differences in the ability to mount an inflammatory response between NHBE and SAEC. These responses were highest during HeV infection in SAEC, as characterized by the levels of key cytokines (interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-8, IL-1α, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1], and colony-stimulating factors) responsible for immune cell recruitment. Finally, we identified virus strain-dependent variability in type I interferon antagonism in NHBE and SAEC: NiV-Malaysia counteracted this pathway more efficiently than NiV-Bangladesh and HeV. These results provide crucial new information in the understanding of henipavirus pathogenesis in the human respiratory tract at an early stage of infection.
Increased microvascular permeability and endothelial fenestration induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (1995)

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was originally described as vascular permeability factor due to its ability to increase microvascular permeability to plasma proteins. However, the vessel types (arteriolar, venular, and capillary) affected by VEGF and the modification of endothelial morphology in response to increased permeability induced by VEGF in vivo have not been precisely documented. By topical application or intradermal injection of recombinant human VEGF-165 we find that VEGF increases the permeability of postcapillary venules as well as muscular venules and capillaries. Surprisingly, we also find that endothelia of small venules and capillaries become fenestrated within 10 minutes of VEGF application. Fenestrations appeared in vascular beds which do not normally have fenestrated endothelium, namely the cremaster muscle and skin. Histamine, saline, and heat-inactivated VEGF do not cause fenestrations. Increased permeability is completely inhibited when VEGF is cleared by immunoprecipitation with anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies. The VEGF effect on permeability is unlike that of any other mediator described to date since both muscular venules and capillaries are affected.
Mammalian Germ Cells: Birth, Sex, and Immortality. (2001)

The germ cell lineage in the mouse is not predetermined but is established during gastrulation, in response to signalling molecules acting on a subset of epiblast cells that move through the primitive streak together with extra-embryonic mesoderm precursors. After migration to the site of the future gonads, germ cell sex determination is achieved, with germ cell phenotype in male and female embryos diverging. Evidence suggests that all germ cells spontaneously take the female pathway, entering prophase of the first meiotic division five or six days after the birth of the germ cell lineage, with the exception of those located in the embryonic testis, which exit the cell cycle in response to some inhibitory signal and remain in Go until after birth, when spermatogenesis begins. In culture, germ cells respond to certain growth factors by proliferating indefinitely. These immortalized embryonic germ (EG) cell lines are chromosomally stable and pluripotent, closely resembling the embryonic stem (ES) cell lines derived from blastocyst-stage embryos. Human EG and ES cell lines have recently been made, raising the hope that their differentiation could be directed to specific cell types, of value in the clinical treatment of degenerative diseases.
Got magnetism? (2016)

All budding scientists need to start their careers with hands-on exploration – and magnets are a great way to spark a child's interest in what can be the beginning of scientific study, says Hilary White.
Modular and Hierarchically Modular Organization of Brain Networks (2010)

Brain networks are increasingly understood as one of a large class of information processing systems that share important organizational principles in common, including the property of a modular community structure. A module is topologically defined as a subset of highly inter-connected nodes which are relatively sparsely connected to nodes in other modules. In brain networks, topological modules are often made up of anatomically neighboring and/or functionally related cortical regions, and inter-modular connections tend to be relatively long distance. Moreover, brain networks and many other complex systems demonstrate the property of hierarchical modularity, or modularity on several topological scales: within each module there will be a set of sub-modules, and within each sub-module a set of sub-sub-modules, etc. There are several general advantages to modular and hierarchically modular network organization, including greater robustness, adaptivity, and evolvability of network function. In this context, we review some of the mathematical concepts available for quantitative analysis of (hierarchical) modularity in brain networks and we summarize some of the recent work investigating modularity of structural and functional brain networks derived from analysis of human neuroimaging data.
Hepatic uptake and degradation of unilamellar sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposomes: a kinetic study. (1980)

The kinetics of hepatic uptake and degradation of sphingomyelin/cholesterol (2:1, M/M) small unilamellar liposomes were investigated in a BALB/c mouse. The tissue distribution of liposomes was determined by scintillation spectrometry. The percentage of intact liposomes in tissues was estimated by the technique of gamma-ray perturbed angular correlation. A kinetic model was developed to analyze the above data. A remarkable agreement was noted between the experimental data and the corresponding theoretical values. Our results indicate that the sphingomyelin/cholesterol unilamellar liposomes had an unusually long half-life of 16.5 hr in the circulation after intravenous administration to mice. The hepatic degradation of the liposomes in vitro at 37 degrees C followed first-order kinetics, with a half-life of 3.5 +/- 0.2 (SEM) hr. Furthermore, the rate of the in vivo degradation of liposomes in the liver was found to be quite similar to that in vitro, with a half-life of 3.6 +/- 0.4 hr. The rate of release of the liposome-encapsulated agent, indium-111, in the liver was not constant, and reached a maximum at about 8 hr after the administration of liposomes. The approach developed in the present study is general and can be applied to the investigation of factors that may control the release of pharmacologically active agents in any tissue.