gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variants on 15q25.1, Smoking, and Lung Cancer: An Assessment of Mediation and Interaction (2012)

Genome-wide association studies have identified variants on chromosome 15q25.1 that increase the risks of both lung cancer and nicotine dependence and associated smoking behavior. However, there remains debate as to whether the association with lung cancer is direct or is mediated by pathways related to smoking behavior. Here, the authors apply a novel method for mediation analysis, allowing for gene-environment interaction, to a lung cancer case-control study (1992-2004) conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital using 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs8034191 and rs1051730, on 15q25.1. The results are validated using data from 3 other lung cancer studies. Tests for additive interaction (P = 2 × 10(-10) and P = 1 × 10(-9)) and multiplicative interaction (P = 0.01 and P = 0.01) were significant. Pooled analyses yielded a direct-effect odds ratio of 1.26 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19, 1.33; P = 2 × 10(-15)) for rs8034191 and an indirect-effect odds ratio of 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.01; P = 0.09); the proportion of increased risk mediated by smoking was 3.2%. For rs1051730, direct- and indirect-effect odds ratios were 1.26 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.33; P = 1 × 10(-15)) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.01; P = 0.22), respectively, with a proportion mediated of 2.3%. Adjustment for measurement error in smoking behavior allowing up to 75% measurement error increased the proportions mediated to 12.5% and 9.2%, respectively. These analyses indicate that the association of the variants with lung cancer operates primarily through other pathways.
Motion of a Drop on a Solid Surface Due to a Wettability Gradient (2005)

The hydrodynamic force experienced by a spherical-cap drop moving on a solid surface is obtained from two approximate analytical solutions and used to predict the quasi-steady speed of the drop in a wettability gradient. One solution is based on approximation of the shape of the drop as a collection of wedges, and the other is based on lubrication theory. Also, asymptotic results from both approximations for small contact angles, as well as an asymptotic result from lubrication theory that is good when the length scale of the drop is large compared with the slip length, are given. The results for the hydrodynamic force also can be used to predict the quasi-steady speed of a drop sliding down an incline.
The analysis of predicted capsular bag diameter using modified model of capsule measuring ring in Asians (2008)

CBD size could be determined using a CMR implanted during surgery. AL and ACD were predictors of postoperative CBD. Predicting CBD in this way may assist in selecting appropriately sized IOL, which will lead to improved visual quality after cataract surgery.
Dynamic MRI with projection reconstruction and KWIC processing for simultaneous high spatial and temporal resolution (2004)

A method for dynamic imaging in MRI is presented that enables the acquisition of a series of images with both high temporal and high spatial resolution. The technique, which is based on the projection reconstruction (PR) imaging scheme, utilizes distinct data acquisition and reconstruction strategies to achieve this simultaneous capability. First, during acquisition, data are collected in multiple undersampled passes, with the view angles interleaved in such a way that those of subsequent passes bisect the views of earlier ones. During reconstruction, these views are weighted according to a previously described k-space weighted image contrast (KWIC) technique that enables the manipulation of image contrast by selective filtering. Unlike conventional undersampled PR methods, the proposed dynamic KWIC technique does not suffer from low image SNR or image degradation due to streaking artifacts. The effectiveness of dynamic KWIC is demonstrated in both simulations and in vivo, high-resolution, contrast-enhanced imaging of breast lesions.
Ectopic expression of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha promotes the adipogenic program in a variety of mouse fibroblastic cells. (1994)

The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP alpha) has been implicated in the regulation of adipoblast differentiation. In this study we investigate the potential of C/EBP alpha to promote the adipogenic program in a variety of fibroblastic cells. Transduction of the C/EBP alpha gene into eight mouse fibroblastic cell lines by retroviruses and DNA transfection generates adipocyte colonies at variable frequencies. The most dramatic results are obtained with NIH-3T3 cells, in which the percentage of G418-resistant colonies that exhibit the adipocyte morphology is reproducibly > 50% when the C/EBP alpha gene is transduced by retroviruses. The ability to promote the adipogenic program requires the potent transcriptional activation domain of C/EBP alpha and is not observed with C/EBP beta. Paradoxically, in spite of its antimitogenic effects, clonal cell lines that stably express high amounts of C/EBP alpha can readily be generated. Stable expression of C/EBP alpha in BALB/c-3T3 cells dramatically enhances their ability to terminally differentiate into adipocytes. The results demonstrate that C/EBP alpha can efficiently promote the adipogenic program in a variety of mouse fibroblastic cells, including those that have little or no spontaneous capacity to undergo adipogenesis.
Disaggregated End-Use Energy Sensing for the Smart Grid (2010)

Most energy meters installed by utilities are intended primarily to support billing functions. Meters report only the aggregate energy consumption of a home or business over intervals as long as a month. In contrast, disaggregated energy usage data identified by individual devices or appliances offers a much more descriptive dataset that has the potential to inform and empower a wide variety of energy stakeholders, from homeowners and building operators to utilities and policy makers. In this article, the authors survey existing and emerging disaggregation techniques and highlight signal features that might be used to sense disaggregated data in a viable and cost-effective manner. They provide a summary of a new approach to electrical load disaggregation that uses voltage noise, including a brief overview of their sensing hardware, classification algorithms, and evaluation in 14 homes. The article concludes with a discussion of current open research problems that must be addressed before disaggregated energy sensing can be widely deployed.
Relational skeletons for retrieval in patent drawings (2002)

This paper presents the evaluation of a number of algorithm alternatives for content based retrieval from a database of technical drawings representing patents. The objective is to help patent evaluators in their quest for a possible patent bearing too much similarity with the one under investigation. To achieve this, we have devised a system where images (drawings) are represented using attributed graphs based on the extracted line-patterns or histograms of attributes computed from the graphs. Retrieval is either performed using histogram comparison (see Huet, B. and Hancock, E.R., PAMI, vol.21, no.12, p.1363-70, 1999) or thanks to a graph similarity measure (see Huet and Hancock, CVPR, p.138-43, 1998). Promising results are presented along with possible work extension.
Mutations in mitochondrial histidyl tRNA synthetase HARS2 cause ovarian dysgenesis and sensorineural hearing loss of Perrault syndrome (2011)

Perrault syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by ovarian dysgenesis and sensorineural hearing loss. In a nonconsanguineous family with five affected siblings, linkage analysis and genomic sequencing revealed the genetic basis of Perrault syndrome to be compound heterozygosity for mutations in the mitochondrial histidyl tRNA synthetase HARS2 at two highly conserved amino acids, L200V and V368L. The nucleotide substitution creating HARS2 p.L200V also created an alternate splice leading to deletion of 12 codons from the HARS2 message. Affected family members thus carried three mutant HARS2 transcripts. Aminoacylation activity of HARS2 p.V368L and HARS2 p.L200V was reduced and the deletion mutant was not stably expressed in mammalian mitochondria. In yeast, lethality of deletion of the single essential histydyl tRNA synthetase HTS1 was fully rescued by wild-type HTS1 and by HTS1 p.L198V (orthologous to HARS2 p.L200V), partially rescued by HTS1 p.V381L (orthologous to HARS2 p.V368L), and not rescued by the deletion mutant. In Caenorhabditis elegans, reduced expression by RNAi of the single essential histydyl tRNA synthetase hars-1 severely compromised fertility. Together, these data suggest that Perrault syndrome in this family was caused by reduction of HARS2 activity. These results implicate aberrations of mitochondrial translation in mammalian gonadal dysgenesis. More generally, the relationship between HARS2 and Perrault syndrome illustrates how causality may be demonstrated for extremely rare inherited mutations in essential, highly conserved genes.
Synthesis, resolution, absolute stereochemistry, and enantioselectivity of 3',4'-dihydroxynomifensine (1984)

3',4'-Dihydroxynomifensine, 8-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylisoquinoli ne (1a), is an agonist of dopamine receptors in central and peripheral systems. Since this dopamine receptor agonist bears an asymmetric center at position 4, its synthesis and resolution were undertaken as part of a study directed toward determining the mode of interaction of these agents with the receptor(s). The enantiomers of 3',4'-dihydroxynomifensine are of particular interest, as they provide additional probes of present conceptual models of the dopamine receptor(s). Initial attempts to prepare 1a were inefficient or unsuccessful; instead, an isomeric compound, 1,2,4,5-tetra-hydro-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4- methyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine (9), was obtained. For this reason, a new route to 3',4'-dihydroxynomifensine was employed. The racemic dimethoxy intermediate 1d, thus obtained, was resolved. Methoxyl cleavage of the isomers of 1d afforded the enantiomers of 1a. Enantiomeric excess of these antipodes or appropriate derivatives was examined by NMR, CD, and HPLC methods. CD analysis suggests an enantiomeric excess greater than 99%. Determination of the absolute configuration of the enantiomers of 1a was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractometric analysis. Examination of the isomers in several pharmacological test systems revealed a high degree of enantioselectivity. D-1 dopaminergic activity resides almost exclusively in the S enantiomer. The findings of the study have been employed to suggest an accessory binding site on the dopamine receptor(s) that differs from that advanced earlier. This accessory binding site may be specific for the D-1 subpopulation of dopamine receptors.
Potent and Long-Acting Dimeric Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Are Effective at a Once-Weekly Dosing Regimen (2004)

Dimeric derivatives (compounds 7 to 9) of the influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir (compound 2), which have linking groups of 14 to 18 atoms in length, are approximately 100-fold more potent inhibitors of influenza virus replication in vitro and in vivo than zanamivir. The observed optimum linker length of 18 to 22 A, together with observations that the dimers cause aggregation of isolated neuraminidase tetramers and whole virus, indicate that the dimers benefit from multivalent binding via intertetramer and intervirion linkages. The outstanding long-lasting protective activities shown by compounds 8 and 9 in mouse influenza infectivity experiments and the extremely long residence times observed in the lungs of rats suggest that a single low dose of a dimer would provide effective treatment and prophylaxis for influenza virus infections.
New Insights Into the Role of Lipoprotein(a)-Associated Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A 2 in Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease (2007)

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] plays an important role in atherosclerosis. The biological effects of Lp(a) have been attributed either to apolipoprotein(a) or to its low-density lipoprotein-like particle. Lp(a) contains platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, an enzyme that exhibits a Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 activity and is complexed to lipoproteins in plasma; thus, it is also referred to as lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. Substrates for lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 include phospholipids containing oxidatively fragmented residues at the sn-2 position (oxidized phospholipids; OxPLs). OxPLs may play important roles in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Plasma levels of OxPLs present on apolipoprotein B-100 particles (OxPL/apolipoprotein B) are correlated with coronary artery, carotid, and peripheral arterial disease. Furthermore, OxPL/apolipoprotein B levels in plasma are strongly correlated with Lp(a) levels, are preferentially sequestered on Lp(a), and thus are potentially subjected to degradation by the Lp(a)-associated lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. The present review article focuses specifically on the characteristics of the lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 associated with Lp(a) and discusses the possible role of this enzyme in view of emerging data showing that OxPLs in plasma are preferentially sequestered on Lp(a) and may significantly contribute to the increased atherogenicity of this lipoprotein.
Egocentric Vision-based Future Vehicle Localization for Intelligent Driving Assistance Systems (2019)

Predicting the future location of vehicles is essential for safety-critical applications such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving. This paper introduces a novel approach to simultaneously predict both the location and scale of target vehicles in the first-person (egocentric) view of an ego-vehicle. We present a multi-stream recurrent neural network (RNN) encoder-decoder model that separately captures both object location and scale and pixel-level observations for future vehicle localization. We show that incorporating dense optical flow improves prediction results significantly since it captures information about motion as well as appearance change. We also find that explicitly modeling future motion of the ego-vehicle improves the prediction accuracy, which could be especially beneficial in intelligent and automated vehicles that have motion planning capability. To evaluate the performance of our approach, we present a new dataset of first-person videos collected from a variety of scenarios at road intersections, which are particularly challenging moments for prediction because vehicle trajectories are diverse and dynamic. Code and dataset have been made available at: https://usa.honda-ri.com/hevi.
Secure smart homes using Jini and UIUC SESAME (2002)

We discuss our approach to constructing a dynamic and secure smart home environment and tackling the challenges associated with it. We envision a smart home as an active environment populated with smart, dynamically configurable consumer devices capable of interacting with humans and other smart devices. In such a dynamic and active environment, there is a great need for an agile, lightweight, distributed security mechanism. This security mechanism needs to be programmable and able to evolve as rapidly as the environment itself. Yet, this mechanism should be able to adapt to environments with scarce resources. We present Tiny SESAME to meet these challenges while utilizing Jini/sup TM/ technology from Sun Microsystems to handle the common parts of distributed devices. Tiny SESAME is a lightweight component-based, Java-implementation of a subset of SESAME. SESAME is an extension to Kerberos that supports public key technologies, access control, and delegation of access rights. We discuss our Tiny SESAME and how it could be integrated with handheld and consumer devices.
Examination of wettability and surface energy in fluorodecyl POSS/polymer blends (2011)

Fluorodecyl Polyhedral Oligomeric SilSesquioxane (POSS) is a low surface energy material (γsv ≈ 10 mN m−1) that has been used as a coating to prepare a variety of liquid repellent surfaces. There are several drawbacks to employing pure fluorodecyl POSS as a coating, including high cost, poor adherence to the underlying substrate, and a lack of optical transparency. One potential strategy for overcoming these shortcomings while retaining liquid repellency is to prepare composite coatings by judiciously blending polymers with fluorodecyl POSS. Here varying amounts of fluorodecyl POSS are blended with commercially available poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA), and the commercial fluoroelastomer Tecnoflon BR9151. A film of each blend is spin cast onto a silicon wafer and its surface wettability is probed by measuring advancing and receding contact angles of six liquids: water, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, diiodomethane, rapeseed oil, and hexadecane. Surface energy analysis techniques developed by Girifalco, Good, and colleagues are used to extract the hydrogen bond donating (acidic), hydrogen bond accepting (basic), and nonpolar (dispersion) components of the solid surface energy from both advancing and receding contact angle measurements. It is emphasized that a proper assessment of the wetting behavior of a liquid on a surface requires consideration of the complementary acid–base interactions between the solid and the liquid, not just a determination of the polar contribution to the solid surface energy. Maximum liquid repellency is attained in composite PMMA or PEMA films with fluorodecyl POSS loadings of at least 20 wt %. Furthermore, cross-cut adhesion tests reveal that the optically transparent methacrylate-containing fluorodecyl POSS coatings adhere quite strongly to the underlying substrate, unlike the Tecnoflon-containing blends and the pure fluorodecyl POSS. These results will potentially facilitate the incorporation of fluorodecyl POSS into commercial coatings.
Enhanced Block Copolymer Lithography Using Sequential Infiltration Synthesis (2011)

Block copolymer lithography is a promising approach to massively parallel, high-resolution, and low-cost patterning, but the inherently low etch resistance of polymers has limited its applicability to date. In this work, this challenge is overcome by dramatically increasing the plasma etch contrast of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) using spatially localized sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) of alumina. The PMMA phase of self-assembled PS-b-PMMA block copolymer thin films was selectively infiltrated with alumina yielding an inorganic nanostructure mimicking the original block copolymer template that serves directly as a robust etch mask. SIS-modified films are resistant to a variety of plasma etching chemistries enabling the direct patterning of a range of substrates, including silicon, indium tin oxide, and permalloy, without the need for intermediate hard mask layers. This method considerably simplifies the fabrication of nanostructures in technologically relevant materials over large areas with improved transfer fidelity and pushes block copolymer lithography closer to practical use.
The supportive spouse at work: Does being work-linked help? (2015)

Using a sample of 639 dual-career couples, we examined the role of work-related spousal support on work-family balance and subsequent outcomes for both the job incumbent as well as his or her spouse. We further investigated whether the resource of work-related spousal support contributed to greater balance for those couples who were work-linked (work in same organization, same occupation, or both) and those who were not. We found work-related spousal support contributed to work-family balance and subsequent improved family satisfaction and job satisfaction of the job incumbent. Furthermore, support crossed over to the spouse through increased work-family balance to decrease stress transmission to enhance family satisfaction and reduce relationship tension of the spouse. Implications for researchers and organizational leaders are discussed.
Binding of Roentgenographic Contrast Media to Serum Albumin (1967)

As part of an investigation of the molecular basis of the phystologic properties of organic contrast media, the binding to serum albumin of diatrizoate, acetrizoate, iodipamide, iopanoate and-MP-231 was measured by the method of equilibrium dialysis. Binding to other serum proteins was not detected at physiologic pH. Diatrizoate was not measurably bound. Acetrizoate and iodipamide were strongly bound to a single binding site of bovine serum albumin, and for iodipamide there were also some weaker binding sites. For both compounds affinity was greater for bovine than for human serum albumin and for iodipamide there may also be a difference in the number of sites. Iopanoate binding was characterized by three strong sites and a large number of weaker sites and was identical for the serum albumins of several species. MP-231 was weakly bound. The effect of structure on the mode of binding is discussed.
Discovering comprehensible classification rules with a genetic algorithm (2002)

Presents a classification algorithm based on genetic algorithms (GAs) that discovers comprehensible IF-THEN rules, in the spirit of data mining. The proposed GA has a flexible chromosome encoding, where each chromosome corresponds to a classification rule. Although the number of genes (the genotype) is fixed, the number of rule conditions (the phenotype) is variable. The GA also has specific mutation operators for this chromosome encoding. The algorithm was evaluated on two public-domain real-world data sets (in the medical domains of dermatology and breast cancer).
High frequency of overlap between functional dyspepsia and overactive bladder (2012)

Overactive bladder syndrome is common among FD patients, even if they do not have IBS. To improve FD patients' quality of life, it will be important to provide management for OAB.
Highlights on endoglin (CD105): from basic findings towards clinical applications in human cancer (2004)

Antibody targeting of tumor-associated vasculature is a promising therapeutic approach in human cancer; however, a specific cell membrane marker for endothelial cells of tumor vasculature has not been discovered yet. Endoglin (CD105) is a cell-surface glycoprotein most recently identified as an optimal indicator of proliferation of human endothelial cells. The finding that CD105 is over-expressed on vascular endothelium in angiogenetic tissues has prompted several pre-clinical studies designed to get a deeper understanding on the role of CD105 in angiogenesis, and to evaluate the most appropriate clinical setting(s) to utilize CD105 as a therapeutic target. In this review, the foreseeable clinical applications of CD105 in human cancer are discussed.