gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of sickle hemoglobin gelation by amino acids and related compounds (1978)

The effects of amino acids, several aromatic compounds, and peptides on the gelation and solubility of deoxyhemoglobin S have been studied. The aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, and possibly tyrosine) significantly inhibited the rate of gel formation and increased solubility. The dipeptide L-Thr-L-Phe, the tripeptide L-Lys-L-Phe-L-Phe, and various phenylalanine analogues (hydrocinnamic acid, phenethylamine, benzamine, and amphetamine) also inhibited gelation. However, aromaticity is not a sufficient condition for inhibiting gelation as shown by the fact that several aromatic compounds (acetylsalicylic acid, salicyclic acid, aniline, and phenol) enhanced gelation. Surprisingly, several oligopeptides (betaS1--12, betaS4--8, betaS3--13, and betaS4--10) also enhanced gelation. All of these additives follow the supersaturation relationship that the delay time for gelation is proportional to the ratio of the total hemoglobin concentration to the solubility of deoxyhemoglobin S to the nth power (n approximately 35). A possible mechanism for the action of these inhibitors is considered in terms of a specific site of interaction on the hemoglobin molecule. Although none of these compounds may prove to be efficacious in treatment of sickle cell anemia, they should yield information about the structure and process of formation of the deoxyhemoglobin S gel.
Java data parallel extensions with runtime system support (2002)

In order to provide Java with the ability for supporting scientific parallel computing, we introduce a data parallel extension to Java language with runtime system support. We provide the distributed array extension to Java, and discuss the related operation and control over the new distributed array. Communication involving distributed arrays are handles through a standard of a collective communication library. We consider the programming in a Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) model.
Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene encoding the heat-modifiable major outer membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae type b (1987)

One major outer membrane protein (P1) of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), with an apparent molecular weight of 34,000 (34K) as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), has been shown to be heat modifiable. After heating at 100 degrees C for 5 min in 2% SDS, the P1 protein exhibits an apparent molecular weight of 49,000 (49K) in SDS-PAGE. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive with P1 bound to the surface of Hib, and one of these MAbs had a protective effect against the development of Hib bacteremia in an animal model for invasive Hib disease. A 6-kilobase Hib DNA insert containing the gene encoding this P1 protein was cloned into Escherichia coli by using the gamma gt11 expression vector. Recombinant phage expressing P1 were identified by screening phage plaques with a MAb directed against the P1 protein. Expression of the P1 protein by an E. coli lysogen carrying the recombinant phage was independent of both vegetative phage growth and induction of lacZ gene-directed transcription of the Hib DNA insert. The Hib DNA insert encoding the P1 protein was subcloned into the plasmid vector pBR322, and a transformant containing the recombinant plasmid pFRG100 was identified with the P1 protein-directed MAb in a colony blot-radioimmunoassay. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis determined that the recombinant P1 protein possessed heat-modifiability characteristics identical to those of the native Hib protein. The P1 protein was expressed on the surface of both the E. coli lysogen containing the recombinant phage and the E. coli transformant containing pFRG100. Western blot analysis of acute- and convalescent-phase sera from infants with Hib meningitis showed that antibodies in the convalescent-phase sera recognized the P1 protein expressed by the E. coli transformant containing pFRG100. The availability of this cloned Hib DNA insert encoding the Hib P1 protein and the expression of this protein on the surface of recombinant E. coli should facilitate the investigation of P1 for both its vaccinogenic potential and its functional role in the outer membrane of Hib.
FK-506 (fujimycin) reverses the multidrug resistance of tumor cells in vitro (1991)

Cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK-506 have similar immunosuppressive activity profiles and cyclophilin-like intracellular targets. Since CsA can reverse the multidrug resistance of tumor cells showing P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux, the possible resistancemodulating activity of FK-506 was evaluated in vitro with multidrug-resistant P388 cells and their sensitive parental controls. Higher concentrations of FK-506 than CsA were needed to achieve a similar degree of chemosensitization, suggesting that FK-506 might interact less efficiently than CsA with the P-glycoprotein expressed in multidrugresistant tumor cells. However, FK-506 was active on a broader range of concentrations than CsA, particularly because of direct cytostatic effects of CsA which appeared at concentrations only slightly higher than those required to show a significant resistancemodulating activity.
Liposome oligomannose‐coated with neoglycolipid, a new candidate for a safe adjuvant for induction of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1998)

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response has recently been shown to play a role in protection against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and it is therefore thought that a vaccine against HIV must be able to elicit a CTL response. The development of a safe, effective adjuvant is very important because alum, the only adjuvant available for use in humans at present, can barely induce a response of this type. We demonstrate here that liposomes that contain an immunodominant peptide (15 amino acids) of the envelope glycoprotein gp120 of HIV-1 and that are coated with mannopentaose-dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine conjugate induce a major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8+ CTL response in mice with a single subcutaneous immunization, whereas non-coated liposomes do not. Since no damage to the skin at the injection site was caused by the liposomes, and since the oligomannose-coated liposomes consist of innocuous materials ubiquitously distributed throughout the human body, they may be highly suitable for use as a safe adjuvant in vaccines inducing a CTL response against HIV.
Docosahexaenoic Acid but Not Eicosapentaenoic Acid Lowers Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Humans (1999)

Animal studies suggest that the 2 major omega3 fatty acids found in fish, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may have differential effects on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). The aim of this study was to determine whether there were significant differences in the effects of purified EPA or DHA on ambulatory BP and HR in humans. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of parallel design, 59 overweight, mildly hyperlipidemic men were randomized to 4 g/d of purified EPA, DHA, or olive oil (placebo) capsules and continued their usual diets for 6 weeks. Fifty-six subjects completed the study. Only DHA reduced 24-hour and daytime (awake) ambulatory BP (P<0.05). Relative to the placebo group, 24-hour BP fell 5.8/3.3 (systolic/diastolic) mm Hg and daytime BP fell 3.5/2.0 mm Hg with DHA. DHA also significantly reduced 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime (asleep) ambulatory HRs (P=0. 001). Relative to the placebo group, DHA reduced 24-hour HR by 3. 5+/-0.8 bpm, daytime HR by 3.7+/-1.2 bpm, and nighttime HR by 2. 8+/-1.2. EPA had no significant effect on ambulatory BP or HR. Supplementation with EPA increased plasma phospholipid EPA from 1. 66+/-0.07% to 9.83+/-0.06% (P<0.0001) but did not change DHA levels. Purified DHA capsules increased plasma phospholipid DHA levels from 4.00+/-0.27% to 10.93+/-0.62% (P<0.0001) and led to a small, nonsignificant increase in EPA (1.52+/-0.12% to 2.26+/-0.16%). Purified DHA but not EPA reduced ambulatory BP and HR in mildly hyperlipidemic men. The results of this study suggest that DHA is the principal omega3 fatty acid in fish and fish oils that is responsible for their BP- and HR-lowering effects in humans. These results have important implications for human nutrition and the food industry.
Protooncogene induction and reprogramming of cardiac gene expression produced by pressure overload. (1988)

Hypertrophy, an increase in cell size without cell division, is a fundamental adaptive process employed by postmitotic cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. Cardiac myosins undergo an adult-to-fetal isoform transition in various models of hypertrophy. Using gene-specific cDNA probes, we show here that in the adult myocardium the mRNAs encoding the fetal (skeletal muscle type) isoforms of alpha-actin and sarcomeric tropomyosin are re-expressed within 2 days in response to pressure overload. In addition, atrial natriuretic factor mRNA, so far believed to be expressed primarily in the atria, was readily detectable in the ventricles of neonates and was induced to markedly high levels in pressure-overloaded adult ventricles. In contrast, cardiac hypertrophy produced by thyroid hormone excess was not associated with induction of the atrial natriuretic factor gene or fetal contractile protein isogenes. Furthermore, the c-fos and c-myc protooncogenes and a major heat shock protein gene (hsp70) are induced in the ventricular myocardium within 1 hr after imposition of pressure overload. These results suggest that induction of cellular protooncogenes and heat shock (stress) protein genes is an early response to pressure overload, whereas reinduction of the genes normally expressed only in perinatal life, such as fetal isoforms of contractile proteins and atrial natriuretic factor, is a later event. These two types of responses might represent the general pattern of growth induction to work overload by terminally differentiated cells that have lost the ability to undergo DNA replication.
Deep Learning for Detecting Multiple Space-Time Action Tubes in Videos (2016)

In this work, we propose an approach to the spatiotemporal localisation (detection) and classification of multiple concurrent actions within temporally untrimmed videos. Our framework is composed of three stages. In stage 1, appearance and motion detection networks are employed to localise and score actions from colour images and optical flow. In stage 2, the appearance network detections are boosted by combining them with the motion detection scores, in proportion to their respective spatial overlap. In stage 3, sequences of detection boxes most likely to be associated with a single action instance, called action tubes, are constructed by solving two energy maximisation problems via dynamic programming. While in the first pass, action paths spanning the whole video are built by linking detection boxes over time using their class-specific scores and their spatial overlap, in the second pass, temporal trimming is performed by ensuring label consistency for all constituting detection boxes. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm on the challenging UCF101, J-HMDB-21 and LIRIS-HARL datasets, achieving new state-of-the-art results across the board and significantly increasing detection speed at test time. We achieve a huge leap forward in action detection performance and report a 20% and 11% gain in mAP (mean average precision) on UCF-101 and J-HMDB-21 datasets respectively when compared to the state-of-the-art.
REMOVAL OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM SOYBEAN WATER EXTRACTS BY ULTRAFILTRATION (1978)

ABSTRACT The feasibility of using ultrafiltration (UF) for removal of oligosaccharides from aqueous extracts of soybeans was investigated. Soybeans were soaked, blanched, ground, prefiltered, and the resulting full‐fat extract processed in a hollow fiber UF unit. Initial permeate flux of 43‐60 L/m 2 /hr at 3.5% total solids decreased semi‐logarithmically to 13 L/m 2 /hr at 14% total solids. Low pH resulted in higher flux. Rates of removal of oligosaccharides closely followed theoretical behavior for a nonrejected solute during ultrafiltration and continuous diafiltration, and up to 96% could be removed by a two‐stage UF process. Final product assayed 60% protein, 35% fat and 0.6% oligosaccharides (dry basis).
Cisgenic inhibition of the potato cold induced phosphorylase L gene expression and decrease in sugar contents (2011)

To decrease the accumulation of reducing and non-reducing sugar in potato tubers stored at low temperature, a single gene silencing vector pARTPhL-IR, harboring a part of starch phosphorylase L gene as inverted repeats with pdk intron within was constructed and transformed into potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars Agria and Marfona. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nptII gene and pdk intron indicated that the RNA interference construct was transformed successfully into the genome. Real time RT-PCR analysis of starch phosphorylase L gene in stored microtubers for 90 days at 4°C showed that the expression level of this gene in transgenics ranged from 1.63 to 7.54% of that in the non-transgenic plants. Analysis of sugar content in these plants showed that the total sugar content in transgenic microtubers was significantly reduced compared to the control, up to 35% in line M4. The accumulation of reducing sugars in transgenic lines at 4°C was reduced from 9.13 (in Agria) to 5.57 mg/g fresh weight (transgenic line A5) and from 9.56 (in Marfona) to 6.52 mg/g fresh weight (transgenic line M4), implying that silencing of starch phosphorylase L gene reduced starch breakdown during cold storage conditions. Key words : Cold sweetening, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), RNA interference, starch phosphorylase L. gene,
Dalteparin-induced alopecia in hemodialysis patients: reversal by regional citrate anticoagulation (2001)

Chronically intermittent hemodialysis for end-stage renal failure requires anticoagulation to prevent clotting in the extracorporeal circuit. Anticoagulation usually is performed by continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin or by bolus administration of low-molecular-weight heparin.[1][1] At our
Synthesis and cycloaddition reactions of dehydrohydantoins (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and cycloaddition reactions of dehydrohydantoinsAnthony B. Evnin, Anna Y. Lam, and J. J. BlyskalCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 9, 3097–3106Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00834a051https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00834a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CD94 functions as a natural killer cell inhibitory receptor for different HLA class I alleles: identification of the inhibitory form of CD94 by the use of novel monoclonal antibodies (1996)

CD94 molecules have been suggested to function as inhibitory natural killer cell (NK) receptors involved in the recognition of HLA-B alleles sharing the Bw6 supertypic specificity. In this study, we show that CD94 molecules may play a more general role: they are also involved in the recognition of other HLA class I molecules, including HLA-C and at least some HLA-A alleles. The inhibitory effect mediated by CD94 molecules on NK cytolytic activity is lower in magnitude than that of bona fide inhibitory receptors such as p58 or p70. Distinct from the other human NK receptors involved in HLA class I recognition, CD94 is expressed on virtually all NK cells. In addition, it has been shown to be functionally heterogeneous since, in different clones, CD94 mediated either cell triggering or inhibition. Although NK cells expressing inhibitory CD94 molecules are usually characterized by a CD94bright phenotype, there is no precise correlation between fluorescence intensity and inhibitory or activating function. Here, we describe two novel monoclonal antibodies (mAb) which selectively recognize inhibitory CD94 molecules and bind to a subset (variable in size among different donors) of CD94bright cells. The use of these mAb allows the direct assessment of NK cells expressing inhibitory CD94 receptors both at the population and at the clonal level.
Etch Selectivity of 4SiMA:Hydroxystyrene Based Copolymers. Silicon Chemistry for Bilayer Resist Systems. (1998)

Thin film imaging resists (TSI and Bilayer systems) confine the imaging to a thin resist film (in the case of a bilayer system) which is subsequently transferred to a thicker polymeric underlayer. This approach has a number of potential advantages including increased ability to print high aspect ratios at small feature sizes, better resolution at a given depth of focus (DQF), and minimization of resist substrate interactions including resist "footing, " standing wave formation and reflective notching caused by topography. Continued progress in single layer resist technology has been able to meet the current manufacturing requirements and the more complex TSI approaches have not yet been required. However, the requirements for imaging features below 0.18 microns, the desire to extend high NA 248nm exposure technology and anticipated shift to 193nm exposure tools has led to renewed interest in thin film imaging approaches. In this report we will describe new chemistry developed for bi layer resist systems for use at 248 nm in both positive and negative tone.
Engineering insulin‐like growth factor‐1 for local delivery (2008)

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a small protein that promotes cell survival and growth, often acting over long distances. Although for decades IGF-1 has been considered to have therapeutic potential, systemic side effects of IGF-1 are significant, and local delivery of IGF-1 for tissue repair has been a long-standing challenge. In this study, we designed and purified a novel protein, heparin-binding IGF-1 (Xp-HB-IGF-1), which is a fusion protein of native IGF-1 with the heparin-binding domain of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor. Xp-HB-IGF-1 bound selectively to heparin as well as the cell surfaces of 3T3 fibroblasts, neonatal cardiac myocytes and differentiating ES cells. Xp-HB-IGF-1 activated the IGF-1 receptor and Akt with identical kinetics and dose response, indicating no compromise of biological activity due to the heparin-binding domain. Because cartilage is a proteoglycan-rich environment and IGF-1 is a known stimulus for chondrocyte biosynthesis, we then studied the effectiveness of Xp-HB-IGF-1 in cartilage. Xp-HB-IGF-1 was selectively retained by cartilage explants and led to sustained chondrocyte proteoglycan biosynthesis compared to IGF-1. These data show that the strategy of engineering a "long-distance" growth factor like IGF-1 for local delivery may be useful for tissue repair and minimizing systemic effects.
X-Ray Diffraction Evidence for Nonstoichiometric Rubidium-C 60 Intercalation Compounds (1991)

Powder x-ray diffraction at 300 K on equilibrated samples of several nominal compositions chi in Rb(chi)C(60) is reported. In addition to the face-centered cubic (fcc) (chi = 3, superconducting), body-centered tetragonal (chi = 4), and body-centered cubic (bcc) (chi = 6) stoichiometric phases, direct evidence for a dilute fcc doped phase, 0 x c </= 1, and for a substoichiometric bcc phase, chi approximately 5, is presented. In contrast, chi = 3 and chi = 4 appear to be line phases with nearly zero solubility of Rb vacancies and interstitials at 300 K. These results are summarized in a provisional binary phase diagram.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles in Triton-X 100 Water-in-Oil Microemulsions (1996)

Nanoparticles of copper sulfide have been synthesized by reacting a copper ammonia complex with an equimolar thiourea solution in Triton-X 100/cyclohexane water-in-oil microemulsions. The presence of an exceptionally sharp and blue-shifted peak at 475 ± 2 nm in the UV−vis spectrum reveals the formation of quasi-monodispersed, size-quantized particles. Using absorption spectroscopy, the formation of a chalchocite (Cu2S) phase is inferred. The peak position in the absorption spectra was found to be independent of net micellar water content as well as aging effect. It is attributed to the formation of a Cu(I) thiourea complex on the surface of the particles, which are hydrogen bonded to the polyoxyethylene (POE) chain of Triton-X 100 (TX-100). The role of thiourea in the tailoring of particles to the micellar periphery was confirmed by synthesizing the nanoparticles using other S2- agents like H2S, and Na2S. The role of the POE chain in mediating the adsorption was brought out by carrying out the reaction in microemulsions of POE containing surfactants other than TX-100. The kinetics of agglomeration has been studied and fits well in second-order rate law. A further enhancement in the solution stability of the particles was achieved by means of sodium hexametaphosphate.
Experiment and Spectral Analysis of a Low-Power $Ka$-Band Heartbeat Detector Measuring From Four Sides of a Human Body (2006)

The accuracy of a Ka-band physiological movement detector was tested and compared for measurements from four different body orientations and at five different distances. A rigorous spectral analysis approach is developed when previously adopted small-angle approximation model is not applicable. This theory analyzes in detail the harmonics observed in phase-modulated Ka-band Doppler radar, explaining the reason for better heart-rate accuracy when detected from the back of the body. It also explains the advantage of double-sideband transmission in avoiding the null point problem. Simulations have been performed to illustrate this theory and provide design guidelines for the system. This theory has also been verified by experiments
The Croonian Lecture, 1989 Antibodies: a paradigm for the biology of molecular recognition (1990)

The hallmark of the antibody response to antigenic challenge is its remarkable specificity. In his Croonian Lecture in 1905, Ehrlich recognized it as a biological puzzle, but considered it inconceivable that animals could produce substances capable of specific recognition of toxins that the species had never encountered before. It took the largest part of the following 70 years to begin to understand the chemical base of the biological puzzle. Even more recently, the genetic base of the underlying events has been clarified. Unique genetic rearrangements of the DNA initiate the biological diversity of somatic cells; this provides an initial source of antigen recognition. The remarkable specificity is the result of an antigen-driven Darwinian selection of proliferating clones, operating on further diversity that is generated by a high rate of point mutations in specific genes. Although the complexity of the biological events underlying the process remain largely unknown, the knowledge gained so far provides insights into alternative approaches to the production of new antibodies.