gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Family History for Chronic Headache and Drug Overuse as a Risk Factor for Headache Chronification (2008)

Objectives.— To assess whether family history for chronic headache (CH) and drug overuse could represent a risk factor for headache chronification. Background.— Among factors investigated as risk factors for chronification of headache disorders, familial liability for CH and drug overuse has been rarely investigated. Patients and Methods.— A total of 105 consecutive patients with daily or nearly daily headache, and 102 consecutive patients with episodic headache matched by age, sex, and type of headache at onset, underwent a structured direct interview about family history for episodic headache, CH with and without medication overuse, substance abuse/dependence, and psychiatric disorders. Results.— In total, 80 out of 105 patients with CH received a diagnosis of medication overuse headache (MOH), 21 patients were classified as chronic migraine (CM), and 4 as chronic tension‐type headache (CTTH) without drug overuse. Some 38.1% of CH patients reported family history for CH vs only 13.7% of episodic headaches ( P = .001). Familiality for CH with medication overuse was reported by 25.7% of cases vs 9.8% of controls ( P = .0028). A familial history of substance abuse was reported by 20% of patients vs 5.9% of controls ( P = .0026). In all, 28.7% of MOH patients reported family history for CH with medication overuse ( P = .0014) and 21.2% for substance abuse ( P = .002). Relatives of patients with MOH were more likely than control relatives to suffer from CH (OR = 4.19 [95% CI 2.05‐8.53]), drug overuse (OR = 3.7 [95% CI 1.66‐8.24]), and substance abuse (OR = 4.3 [95% CI 1.65‐11.19]). No differences regarding family history for episodic headache and for psychiatric disorders were found. No differences in family history for CH with drugs overuse and for substance abuse were found between CH patients without overuse and controls. Fifteen CH patients reported family history for alcohol abuse ( P = .0003). Conclusions.— The significantly increased familial risk for CH, drug overuse, and substance abuse suggests that a genetic factor is involved in the process of headache chronification.
Influence of Antibody Treatment of Campylobacter jejuni on the Dose Required to Colonize Chicks (1990)

This study was designed to clarify the role of antibodies in controlling chicken colonization by Campylobacter jejuni. Cecal colonization by C. jejuni was compared after the organism was exposed either to phosphate-buffered saline, normal rabbit serum, rabbit hyperimmune anti-C. jejuni serum, or anti-C. jejuni antibodies extracted from chicken bile. Antibodies from chicken bile were extracted by affinity absorption against outer-membrane proteins from the challenge organism. Sera were heated 1 hour at 56 C to destroy complement activity. Bacterial inoculum levels were enumerated after 1 hour exposure at 4 C to the various treatments. The heated sera and the bile antibodies were not bactericidal, and bacterial agglutination was not evident. Serial dilutions of the antibody-treated C. jejuni were given by gavage into 1-day-old chicks. Six days later, the ceca were removed from the chicks, and samples were cultured on Campylobacter-charcoal differential agar. The colonization dose-50% was increased by twofold to 160-fold when the organism was preincubated with hyperimmune antiserum or the bile antibodies as compared with preincubation with phosphate-buffered saline. We conclude that antibodies inhibit chicken cecal colonization by C. jejuni.
Lipid-Lowering Therapy and Coagulation/Fibrinolysis Parameters in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis (2000)

Patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) often have abnormalities of lipid metabolism or coagulation and fibrinolysis, these patients may thus be more susceptible to atherosclerosis than those on hemodialysis. It has been reported that hypercoagulability and hyperfibrinolysis are correlated with abnormalities of lipid metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a decrease in lipids on the coagulation and fibrinolysis system in CAPD patients with hyperlipidemia who received lipid-lowering therapy. The patients included 5 men and 13 women, with a mean age of 52.5 years. Pravastatin sodium (10 mg/day) and ethyl icosapentate (1800 mg/day) were administered concomitantly for 8 weeks. Lipid levels and coagulation/fibrinolysis parameters were measured before and after therapy. The patients were divided into two groups depending on their response to therapy: responders showed a decrease in total cholesterol or triglycerides by at least 20% and non-responders showed less improvement. In the responders, the levels of protein C, tissue plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor-I complex, factor XIII, alpha2-plasmin inhibitor, and D-dimer were significantly lower after therapy than before therapy. Protein C, factor XIII, and alpha2-plasmin inhibitor were also significantly decreased after therapy in non-responders, but the extent of the decrease was smaller. The plasminogen level was significantly increased after therapy in non-responders. These findings suggest that a decrease in lipid levels and/or some other action by lipid-lowering agents may correct abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis in CAPD patients.
Near‐Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy–Principal Components Regression Analyses of Soil Properties (2001)

A fast and convenient soil analytical technique is needed for soil quality assessment and precision soil management. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict diverse soil properties. Near‐infrared reflectance spectra, obtained from a Perstrop NIR Systems 6500 scanning monochromator (Foss NIRSystems, Silver Spring, MD), and 33 chemical, physical, and biochemical properties were studied for 802 soil samples collected from four Major Land Resource Areas (MLRAs). Calibrations were based on principal component regression (PCR) using the first derivatives of optical density [log(1/ R )] for the 1300‐ to 2500‐nm spectral range. Total C, total N, moisture, cation‐exchange capacity (CEC), 1.5 MPa water, basal respiration rate, sand, silt, and Mehlich III extractable Ca were successfully predicted by NIRS ( r 2 &gt; 0.80). Some Mehlich III extractable metals (Fe, K, Mg, Mn) and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, and K), sum of exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, clay, potentially mineralizable N, total respiration rate, biomass C, and pH were also estimated by NIRS but with less accuracy ( r 2 = 0.80∼0.50). The predicted results for aggregation (wt% &gt; 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25 mm, and macroaggregation) were not reliable ( r 2 = 0.46∼0.60). Mehlich III extractable Cu, P, and Zn, and exchangeable Na could not be predicted using the NIRS–PCR technique ( r 2 &lt; 0.50). The results indicate that NIRS can be used as a rapid analytical technique to simultaneously estimate several soil properties with acceptable accuracy in a very short time.
Induction of human neutrophil chemotaxis by Candida albicans-derived β-1,6-long glycoside side-chain-branched β-glucan (2006)

Polysaccharide beta-1,3-D-glucans (beta-glucans) are components of the cell wall of various fungi and show immunomodulatory activities. beta-Glucans have been reported to enhance neutrophil accumulation during pathogenic fungi-induced lung inflammation. Therefore, we examined whether beta-glucans themselves possess chemotactic activities for human neutrophils. Among several kinds of beta-glucans, beta-1,6-long glucosyl side-chain-branched beta-glucan, isolated from Candida albicans [Candida soluble beta-D-glucan (CSBG)], dose-dependently induced neutrophil migration in a Boyden chamber system. In contrast, 1,6-monoglucosyl-branched beta-glucans, such as Sparassis crispa-derived beta-glucan (SCG) and grifolan (GRN), which were derived from nonpathogenic fungi, hardly induced neutrophil migration. Moreover, CSBG-induced neutrophil migration was inhibited completely by liposomes containing neutral glycosphingolipid lactosylceramide (LacCer; Galbeta1-4Glc-ceramide) but not NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4Glcbeta1-1'-Cer ganglioside. Furthermore, binding experiments demonstrated that CSBG bound to glycosphingolipids (such as LacCer) with a terminal galactose residue; however, SCG and GRN (1,6-monoglucosyl-branched beta-glucans) did not bind to LacCer. It is important that a Src kinase inhibitor protein phosphatase 1, a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) inhibitor wortmannin, and a Galpha(i/o) inhibitor pertussis toxin inhibited neutrophil migration toward CSBG. Taken together, our results suggest that beta-1,6-long glucosyl side-chain-branched beta-glucan CSBG binds to LacCer and induces neutrophil migration through the activation of Src family kinase/PI-3K/heterotrimeric G-protein signal transduction pathways.
Linear Programming for Optimization (1998)

Introduction 1.1 Definition Linear programming is the name of a branch of applied mathematics that deals with solving optimization problems of a particular form. Linear programming problems consist of a linear cost function (consisting of a certain number of variables) which is to be minimized or maximized subject to a certain number of constraints. The constraints are linear inequalities of the variables used in the cost function. The cost function is also sometimes called the objective function. Linear programming is closely related to linear algebra; the most noticeable difference is that linear programming often uses inequalities in the problem statement rather than equalities. 1.2 History Linear programming is a relatively young mathematical discipline, dating from the invention of the simplex method by G. B. Dantzig in 1947. Historically, development in linear programming i
SiC current limiting devices for surge protection (2015)

Current limiting devices (CLD), which employ back-to-back connected high voltage normally-ON SiC-based vertical junction filed effect transistors (VJFETs), are realized to protect the sensitive aircraft electronics from the adverse effects of a lightning strike to the airframe. The functionality of the packaged CLDs with high and low current levels is demonstrated in low voltage static and transient tests. Electro-thermal simulations are performed to optimize the thermal performance of CLDs for high-energy test environments.
ENHANCEMENT OF THE PLAQUE-FORMING CAPACITY OF POLIOVIRUS RIBONUCLEIC ACID WITH BASIC PROTEINS (1962)

Smull, Christine E. (The Pennsylvania State University, University Park) and Ernest H. Ludwig. Enhancement of the plaque-forming capacity of poliovirus ribonucleic acid with basic proteins. J. Bacteriol. 84:1035-1040. 1962.-The addition of appropriate amounts of either of two basic proteins to poliovirus ribonucleic acid (RNA) preparations was found to increase markedly the infectivity of the RNA for HeLa cells. These two basic proteins are histone (calf thymus nuclei) and protamine (salmine and clupine). The histone was found to be most effective when used in a final concentration of 200 to 400 mug per ml, and the protamine at approximately 600 mug per ml. The increase in infectivity was brought about in isotonic sodium chloride solution and at neutral pH. An analysis of the period allowed for adsorption of histone-RNA preparations revealed that the greatest increase in infectivity occurred when adsorption was allowed to take place at 4 C for approximately 5 min. An inhibitor of poliovirus RNA infectivity was found in saline washings of the HeLa-cell monolayers, and it was felt that decreased formation or activity of this substance, at 4 C, might account for the increased infectivity of the RNA at 4 C. The addition of RNA and histone to the cell monolayers at separate times resulted in almost no infectivity. The large increase in infectivity was brought about when the RNA and histone were mixed together prior to inoculation on the cell monolayers. A number of other basic materials and two other proteins were found not to increase the infectivity of poliovirus RNA.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic determination of bethanechol chloride in tablets. (1987)

A simple and reliable proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic method was developed for the assay of bethanechol chloride in tablets. The proposed method entails a minimum of procedural steps and reagents. The recovery of bethanechol chloride from synthetic formulations was 99.9 +/- 0.4% (n = 15), CV = 0.4%. Mean assay values for 25 and 10 mg commercial tablets were 100.5% (n = 8) and 99.7% (n = 7) of declared, respectively. A detailed interpretation of the proton magnetic resonance spectrum is also presented.
Circulating Adiponectin and Resistin Levels in Relation to Metabolic Factors, Inflammatory Markers, and Vascular Reactivity in Diabetic Patients and Subjects at Risk for Diabetes (2004)

We conclude that adiponectin is significantly associated with inflammatory markers, in part, through an underlying association with obesity, whereas resistin's associations with inflammatory markers appear to be independent of BMI. Lipid profile and inflammatory marker changes produced by atorvastatin cannot be attributed to changes of either adiponectin or resistin.
An integratable 1-2.5 Gbps low jitter CMOS transceiver with built in self test capability (2003)

This paper describes a high speed, low jitter CMOS transceiver, which includes 10 to 1 full duplex serialize-deserialize function, clock recovery, high speed differential I/O, and Built In Self Test (BIST). It was fabricated and tested to work at wide frequency range (1 to 2.5 Gbps) with low jitter and low power (76 ps P-P, 500 mW @ 2.5 Gbps). It was designed to be a component of ASIC standard cell library and was implemented as a stand alone design as well as in a large design with 32 transceivers.
Spontaneous driving forces give rise to protein−RNA condensates with coexisting phases and complex material properties (2019)

Phase separation of multivalent protein and RNA molecules underlies the biogenesis of biomolecular condensates such as membraneless organelles. In vivo, these condensates encompass hundreds of distinct types of molecules that typically organize into multilayered structures supporting the differential partitioning of molecules into distinct regions with distinct material properties. The interplay between driven (active) versus spontaneous (passive) processes that are required for enabling the formation of condensates with coexisting layers of distinct material properties remains unclear. Here, we deploy systematic experiments and simulations based on coarse-grained models to show that the collective interactions among the simplest, biologically relevant proteins and archetypal RNA molecules are sufficient for driving the spontaneous emergence of multilayered condensates with distinct material properties. These studies yield a set of rules regarding homotypic and heterotypic interactions that are likely to be relevant for understanding the interplay between active and passive processes that control the formation of functional biomolecular condensates.
Coaxial printing method for directly writing stretchable cable as strain sensor (2016)

Through applying the liquid metal and elastomer as the core and shell materials, respectively, a coaxial printing method is being developed in this work for preparing a stretchable and conductive cable. When liquid metal alloy eutectic Gallium-Indium is embedded into the elastomer matrix under optimized control, the cable demonstrates well–posed extreme mechanic performance, under stretching for more than 350%. Under developed compression test, the fabricated cable also demonstrates the ability for recovering original properties due to the high flowability of the liquid metal and super elasticity of the elastomeric shell. The written cable presents high cycling reliability regarding its stretchability and conductivity, two properties which can be clearly predicted in theoretical calculation. This work can be further investigated as a strain sensor for monitoring motion status including frequency and amplitude of a curved object, with extensive applications in wearable devices, soft robots, electronic skins, and wireless communication.
Prognostic Significance of Simultaneous Measurement of Three Tumor Markers in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2006)

Tumor markers AFP-L3 and DCP appear to represent different features of tumor progression in patients with HCC. The number of tumor markers present could be useful for the evaluation of tumor progression, prediction of patient outcome, and treatment efficacy.
CPF: An orphan nuclear receptor that regulates liver-specific expression of the human cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene (1999)

Cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in a pathway through which cholesterol is metabolized to bile acids. The gene encoding cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, CYP7A, is expressed exclusively in the liver. Overexpression of CYP7A in hamsters results in a reduction of serum cholesterol levels, suggesting that the enzyme plays a central role in cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we report the identification of a hepatic-specific transcription factor that binds to the promoter of the human CYP7A gene. We designate this factor CPF, for CYP7A promoter binding factor. Mutation of the CPF binding site within the CYP7A promoter abolished hepatic-specific expression of the gene in transient transfection assays. A cDNA encoding CPF was cloned and identified as a human homolog of the Drosophila orphan nuclear receptor fushi tarazu F1 (Ftz-F1). Cotransfection of a CPF expression plasmid and a CYP7A reporter gene resulted in specific induction of CYP7A-directed transcription. These observations suggest that CPF is a key regulator of human CYP7A gene expression in the liver.
Nonsense-Mediated Decay of Human HEXA mRNA (2001)

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), the loss of mRNAs carrying premature stop codons, is a process by which cells recognize and degrade nonsense mRNAs to prevent possibly toxic effects of truncated peptides. Most mammalian nonsense mRNAs are degraded while associated with the nucleus, but a few are degraded in the cytoplasm; at either site, there is a requirement for translation and for an intron downstream of the early stop codon. We have examined the NMD of a mutant HEXA message in lymphoblasts derived from a Tay-Sachs disease patient homozygous for the common frameshift mutation 1278ins4. The mutant mRNA was nearly undetectable in these cells and increased to approximately 40% of normal in the presence of the translation inhibitor cycloheximide. The stabilized transcript was found in the cytoplasm in association with polysomes. Within 5 h of cycloheximide removal, the polysome-associated nonsense message was completely degraded, while the normal message was stable. The increased lability of the polysome-associated mutant HEXA mRNA shows that NMD of this endogenous mRNA occurred in the cytoplasm. Transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells showed that expression of an intronless HEXA minigene harboring the frameshift mutation or a closely located nonsense codon resulted in half the normal mRNA level. Inclusion of multiple downstream introns decreased the abundance further, to about 20% of normal. Thus, in contrast to other systems, introns are not absolutely required for NMD of HEXA mRNA, although they enhance the low-HEXA-mRNA phenotype.
Polymer Brushes by the “Grafting to” Method (2011)

This paper focuses on the attachment of densely grafted polymer layers (polymer brushes) to various inorganic and polymeric substrates by the "grafting to" method. A brief overview of synthesis of polymer brushes by the method is first provided, with emphasis on chemical approaches to polymer attachment. The second part of the paper covers the synthesis of polymer layers via a recently developed macromolecular anchoring layer approach. Several examples of application of the grafting technique are presented for generation of hydrophobic, hydrophilic, gradient, and switchable surfaces.
Effect of high‐fat diet on glucose homeostasis and gene expression in glucokinase knockout mice (2007)

gk(del/wt)mice showed early-onset persistent hyperglycaemia, raised glycated haemoglobin levels, impaired GSIS and glucose tolerance but no change in plasma cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids or triglyceride levels. After HFD feeding, insulin levels of gk(del/wt)mice were less than half that of gk(wt/wt)mice, although they were equivalent to gk(wt/wt)mice on CD. While gk(wt/wt)mice maintained moderate hyperglycaemia, gk(del/wt)mice became overtly diabetic, with worsened glucose tolerance. A GKA (GKA50) increased GSIS, at 10 mM glucose, in gk(del/wt)mice to an extent at least as great as that seen in gk(wt/wt)mice on both CD and HFD. gk(del/wt)mice showed only a small number of changes in gene expression compared with gk(wt/wt)mice. We propose the high fat-fed gk(del/wt)mouse as a model of type 2 diabetes and report retained efficacy of a GKA on in vitro GSIS.
Deposition and bioadhesion properties of polymer multilayers: An in‐situ‐ATR‐FTIR‐study (1999)

Abstract The multilayer formation by consecutive deposition of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and the protein adsorption at the outermost layer was investigated by in‐situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. For the polyelectrolyte multilayer generation the polycation / polyanion pairs poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) / sodium poly(maleic acid‐co‐propylene) (PMAPP) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) / poly(acrylic acid) (PAC) respectively, were used. The v(CO)‐ and the v as (COO)‐band due to COOH‐ und CO − ‐groups of the polyacid/polyanion as well as the v(OH) band due to desorbed water were used for monitoring the multilayer build up. By the multilayer surface modification we were able to diminuish or enhance significantly the adsorption of the model plasma protein human serum albumine (HSA), as a measure for bioadhesion, in dependence on the character of the outermost layer. This protein resistence mainly was attributed to the repulsion between the like charges of the outermost adsorbed polyanion layer (e.g. PAC) und the acidic HSA (IEP=4.7). Vice versa it could be shown, that HSA was bound by an outermost polycation layer by a factor &gt;10 stronger compared to an outermost polyanion layer. Furthermore studies on protein adsorption at multilayers built up by the reactive polymer pair poly(butadienepoxide) (PBDE) / poly(allylamine) (PAA) were introduced.
The sequence of porcine apolipoprotein E (APOE) cDNA (1993)

Porcine cDNA clones encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) were isolated and sequenced. The porcine APOE cDNA sequence is 1122 bp in length and encodes a pre-protein of 317 amino acids. The inferred porcine amino acid sequence corresponds to the human APOE-4 isoform.
Increased sequence-specific p53-DNA binding activity after DNA damage is attenuated by phorbol esters. (1993)

Damage to cellular DNA greatly increases the levels of the tumor-suppressor gene p53 and induces cell cycle arrest in G1. A critical function of wild-type p53 is its ability to bind to specific DNA sequences. The effect of DNA damage on the sequence-specific DNA-binding properties of cellular p53 was investigated using DNA gel mobility-shift assays with nuclear extracts from NIH-3T3 cells. DNA damage (initiated by radiation) induced a rapid, cycloheximide-sensitive increase in the levels of nuclear p53-DNA binding activity and an increase in the half-life of the p53 protein. Increased p53-DNA binding activity could be detected at low (0.2 Gy), non-lethal doses of radiation. The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) attenuated the DNA damage-induced increase in p53-DNA binding activity by decreasing the half-life of the p53 protein. The tumor promoter properties of TPA may therefore be mediated by interfering with the cellular p53 response to DNA damage. The increased levels of p53 bound to specific DNA sequences following DNA damage may induce cell cycle arrest. p53-mediated growth arrest could occur by inhibition of DNA replication and/or alterations in transcription of cell cycle genes.