gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron-beam computed tomography for detection of early signs of coronary arteriosclerosis (2000)

Cardiovascular mortality is still the leading cause of death in the western world. Whereas a steady decline is observed in countries like the Netherlands, eastern European countries have experienced an increase. Economic barriers to effective treatment alone are unlikely to explain the mortality changes observed, according to Sans et al.. Most deaths from cardiovascular disease occur outside the hospital, and lead to a fatality rate of 40–60% in Europe. Twenty years ago, in 1978 the inventor of coronary angiography F. N. Sones stated: ‘One third of the patients die due to complications of coronary artery disease, before the physicians know that the patient is ill’. The most important aim, he saw, was the identification of patients at risk. Brown and Goldstein have described the major challenge for the future in cardiology: ‘The aim should be the development of a noninvasive method, for identification of coronary artery disease at its earliest stage’. Based on the data of the World Health Organisation MONICA project, it has recently been pointed out that two thirds of the patients with acute myocardial infarction die within the first 28 days after the event. Only a strategy of primary risk reduction will substantially reduce cardiovascular mortality, as in-hospital treatment will only help a limited number of patients. During the last decade new imaging modalities — transoesophageal echocardiography, magnetic resonance tomography, spiral computed tomography, electron beam computed tomography — have been introduced which have improved the diagnostic capabilities of the non-invasive imaging of coronary arteries.
The mechanism of action of oral antidiabetic drugs: A review of recent literature (2008)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder that is placing an increasing burden on health service delivery worldwide. Consequently, it has become increasingly important that physicians who treat such patients have a good knowledge of antidiabetic drugs that are currently available or will come onto the market. This article presents an overview of all the major drug classes as well as some information on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, side-effect profiles and indications for use.
An Amperometric Needle‐type Glucose Sensor Tested in Rats and Man (1988)

An amperometric glucose-measuring 25 gauge (0.5 mm diameter) needle-type sensor has been developed using a glucose oxidase and dimethyl ferrocene paste behind a semi-permeable membrane situated over a window in the needle. Electron transfer results in direct current generation. Sensors have been tested subcutaneously in the abdomen both in anaesthetized rats (40 sensors, 11 rats) and in normal, conscious man (20 sensors, 10 subjects). In rats the blood glucose was modulated by glucose and by insulin infusion. In man the glucose concentrations were rapidly changed by use of a glucose clamp at 12 mmol/l plasma concentration for 2 h, after which the glucose returned to normal. In rats the median correlation between glucose change was 0.83 with an interquartile range from 0.70 to 0.92, and in man the median correlation was 0.80 with an interquartile range 0.67 to 0.86. Hysteresis, a measure of the accuracy on the upswing and downswing, was not a problem and cross-correlation showed no phase-lag. There were quantitative differences between in vitro calibration and the performance in vivo, reflecting the different conditions of use. The current in response to a glucose concentration was stable over 6.0 h in rats and 4.5 h in man.
iMAT: Intelligent medication administration tools (2010)

iMAT is a system of automatic medication dispensers and software tools. It is for people who take medications on long term basis at home to stay well and independent. The system helps its users to improve rigor in compliance by preventing misunderstanding of medication directions and making medication schedules more tolerant to tardiness and negligence. This paper presents an overview of the assumptions, models, architecture and implementation of the system.
Bioethanol production from bio‐ organosolv pulps of Pinus radiata and Acacia dealbata (2007)

Abstract Wood chips from Pinus radiata and Acacia dealbata were pretreated with the white‐rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Ganoderma australe , respectively, for 30 days at 27 °C and 55% relative humidity, followed by an organosolv delignification with 60% ethanol solution at 200 °C for 1 h to produce pulps with high cellulose and low lignin content. Biotreatment for 30 days was chosen based on low weight and cellulose losses (lower than 4%) and lignin degradation higher than 9%. After organosolv delignification, pulp yield for P. radiata and A. dealbata pulps was 45–49% and 31–51%, respectively. P. radiata bio‐pulps showed higher glucan (93%) and lower lignin content (6%) than control pulps (82% glucan and 13% lignin). A. dealbata bio‐pulps also showed higher glucan (95%) and lower lignin content (2%) than control pulps (92% glucan and 4% lignin). Pulp suspensions at 2% consistency were submitted either to separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for bioethanol production. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for fermentation. Glucan‐to‐glucose conversion in the enzymatic hydrolysis of control and bio‐pulps of P. radiata was 55% and 100%, respectively, and it was 100% for all pulp samples case of A. dealbata . The highest ethanol yield (calculated as percentage of theoretical yield) during SHF of P. radiata control and bio‐pulps was 38% and 55%, respectively, and for A. dealbata control and bio‐pulps 62% and 69%, respectively. The SSF of P. radiata control and bio‐pulps yielded 10% and 65% of ethanol, respectively, and 77% and 82% for A. dealbata control and bio‐pulps, respectively. In wood basis, the maximum conversion obtained (g ethanol per kg wood) in SHF was 37% and 51% (for P. radiata and A. dealbata pulps, respectively) and 44% and 65% in SSF (for P. radiata and A. dealbata pulps, respectively) regarding the theoretical yield. The low wood‐to‐ethanol conversion was associated with low pulp yield ( A. dealbata pulps), high residual lignin amount ( P. radiata pulps) and the low pulp consistency (2%) used for SHF and SSF. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of Strychnine on Catecholamine Release Evoked by Activation of Cholinergic Receptors from the Perfused Rat Adrenal Gland (2001)

The present study was attempted to investigate the effect of strychnine on catecholamine (CA) secretion evoked by ACh, high DMPP and McN-A-343 from the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland. The perfusion of strychnine into an adrenal vein for 20 min produced great inhibition in CA secretory responses evoked by ACh DMPP and McN-A-343 but did not alter CA secretion by high Strychnine itself did also fail to affect basal catecholamine output. Furthermore, in adrenal glands preloaded simultaneously with strychnine and glycine (an agonist of glycinergic receptor, CA secretory responses evoked by ACh, DMPP and McN-A-343 were considerably recovered to some extent when compared with those evoked by treatment with strychnine only. However, CA secretion by high was not affected. Taken together, these results demonstrate that strychnine inhibits greatly the CA secretory responses evoked by stimulation of cholinergic (both nicotinic and muscarinic) receptors, but does not affect that by membrane depolarization. It is suggested that strychnine-sensitive glycinergic receptors are localized in rat adrenal medullary chromaffin cells.
<title>Rapid Texture Identification</title> (1980)

A method is presented for classifying each pixel of a textured image, and thus for segmenting the scene. The &quot;texture energy&quot; approach requires only a few convolutions with small (typically 5x5) integer coefficient masks, followed by a moving-window absolute average operation. Normalization by the local mean and standard deviation eliminates the need for histogram equalization. Rotation-invariance can also be achieved by using averages of the texture energy features. The convolution masks are separable, and can be implemented with 1-dimensional (vertical and horizontal) or multipass 3x3 convolutions. Special techniques permit rapid processing on general-purpose digital computers.
Leukocytosis and Ischemic Vascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality (2005)

The association between leukocytosis and increased morbidity and mortality of ischemic vascular disease has been observed for more than half a century, and recent studies in >350,000 patients confirm the robustness of the association and the dramatically higher relative and absolute acute and chronic mortality rates in patients with high versus low leukocyte counts. Although there is reason to believe that the association is not causal (that is, that leukocytosis is simply a marker of inflammation), there is also reason to believe that the leukocytosis directly enhances acute thrombosis and chronic atherosclerosis. Leukocytosis also is associated with poor prognosis and vaso-occlusive events in patients with sickle cell disease, and experimental data suggest a direct role for leukocytes in microvascular obstruction. The only way to test whether leukocytes contribute directly to poor outcome in ischemic cardiovascular disease is to assess the effect of modifying leukocyte function or number. Because selective blockade of leukocyte integrin alphaMbeta2 and P-selectin have thus far been disappointing as therapeutic strategies in human cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, I discuss the potential risks and benefits of short-term treatment with hydroxyurea to decrease the leukocyte count in select populations of patients at the highest risk of short-term death.
Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2004)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension, which is characterized by vascular proliferation and remodeling of small pulmonary vessels, leads to a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and, ultimately, to right ventricular failure and death. Despite recent major improvements in therapy, no current treatments cure this devastating condition. This article discusses recent progress in developing treatments that prolong patients' lives and improve their quality of life.
Mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 genes associated with human gastric and colorectal cancers. (2001)

Autosomal dominant disorders of skeletal and cranial development have been linked to fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 2 and FGFR3. Here we report two identical mutations in FGFR2 that cause craniosynostosis syndromes, Crouzon, Apert, and Pfeiffer in gastric carcinoma. A missense mutation (Ser267Pro) in exon IIIa and a splice site mutation (940-2A-->G) in exon IIIc were detected in gastric cancer patients. Interestingly, these heterozygous somatic mutations are identical to the germinal activating mutations in FGFR2 reported previously in craniosynostosis syndromes. In addition, the two novel mutations of FGFR3 in colorectal carcinomas were identified. All identified mutations occurred at highly conserved sequences, not only in the FGFR family of molecules, but also throughout evolution and clustered in the immunoglobulin-like loop-III domain, highlighting the functional importance of this domain. Our results indicate that FGFR2 and FGFR3, in addition to their potential role in skeletal dysplasias, play an important role in tumorigenesis.
Development of the multiple sequence approximation within the AGADIR model of α-helix formation: Comparison with Zimm-Bragg and Lifson-Roig formalisms (1997)

In this work we present the development of the multiple sequence approximation (AGADIRms) and the standard one-sequence approximation (AGADIRls) within the framework of AGADIR's alpha-helix formation model. The extensive comparison between these new formulations and the original one [AGADIR; V. Muñoz and L. Serrano (1994). Nat. Struct. Biol., Vol. 1, pp. 399-409] indicates that the standard one-sequence approximation is virtually identical to the multiple sequence approximation, while the previously used residue partition function approximation [Muñoz and Serrano (1994); (1995), J. Mol. Biol., Vol. 245, pp. 275-296] is less precise. The calculations of the average helical content performed with AGADIR are precise for peptides of less than 30 residues and progressively diverge from the multiple sequence formulation for longer peptides. The helicity distribution of heteropolypeptides with less than 50% average helical content is also well described, while those of quasi-homopolymers with high helical content tend to be-flattened. These inaccuracies lead to an underestimation of 0.017 kcal/mol for the mean-residue enthalpic contribution in AGADIR, as compared to AGADIRms and AGADIRls. The other energy contributions to alpha-helix stability are not affected by the original statistical approximation. We also discuss the particularities of the model for alpha-helix formation utilized in AGADIR and compare it with the classical Zimm-Bragg and Lifson-Roig theories. Moreover, we develop the mathematical relationships between the basic AGADIR energy contributions and helix nucleation and elongation, which permit the quantitative comparison between formalisms. Remarkably, the comparison between AGADIRms and the Lifson-Roig formalism shows that, despite the differences on treating helix/coil cooperativity, both theories give virtually identical results when an equivalent set of parameters is used. This indicates that the helix/coil transition is a solid theory independent of the particularities of the model for alpha-helix formation.
Low-Dose Particulate Polyvinylalcohol Embolization in Massive Small Artery Intestinal Hemorrhage Experimental and Clinical Results (1987)

The branches of the superior mesenteric artery were embolized with polyvinylalcohol (PVA) particles 149 to 250 mu (small), 420 to 590 mu (medium), and 590 to 1000 mu (large), respectively, in three groups of dogs. In the small PVA particle group, all three dogs died. In the medium and the large PVA particle groups, nine of the 11 dogs showed no significant ischemic change and the remaining two (one dog in the medium PVA group and one in the large PVA group) had a superficial ulcer. This study suggests that PVA embolization can be performed safely if particles of 420 mu or larger are used. In clinical studies, large PVA particles were used in embolization therapy for massive intestinal hemorrhage from small arteries in five patients. All had the hemorrhage from ulcer disease in the small bowel (four patients) and the ascending colon (one patient). Three patients were completely controlled with no recurrence of hemorrhage. The remaining two experienced rebleeding after embolization. No major complication was found in this series. It is concluded that low-dose large PVA particles are suitable as an embolic material for transcatheter occlusion of small-artery intestinal hemorrhage.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type‐1 : reactive center and amino‐terminal heterogeneity determined by protein and cDNA sequencing (1986)

Both the urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activator can convert their approximately 54 kDa type-1 inhibitor (PAI-1) to an inactive form with a lower apparent molecular mass. We have determined the amino-terminal amino acid sequences of human native and converted PAI-1, and isolated PAI-1 cDNA and determined the nucleotide sequence in regions corresponding to the amino-terminus and the cleavage site. The data show that the conversion of the inhibitor consists of cleavage of an Arg-Met bond 33 residues from the carboxy-terminus, thus localizing the reactive center of the inhibitor to that position. In addition, a heterogeneity was found at the amino-terminus, with a Ser-Ala-Val-His-His form and a two-residue shorter form (Val-His-His-) occurring in approximately equal quantities.
In Vitro Hemostatic Properties of French Lyophilized Plasma (2012)

The study results account for a significant decrease of factors V and VIII in FLyP. However, the global capacity to induce clot formation in vitro seems to be preserved. The clinical relevance of these decreased factors is not known.
Composition of the gut microbiota modulates the severity of malaria (2016)

Plasmodium infections result in clinical presentations that range from asymptomatic to severe malaria, resulting in ∼1 million deaths annually. Despite this toll on humanity, the factors that determine disease severity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the gut microbiota of mice influences the pathogenesis of malaria. Genetically similar mice from different commercial vendors, which exhibited differences in their gut bacterial community, had significant differences in parasite burden and mortality after infection with multiple Plasmodium species. Germfree mice that received cecal content transplants from "resistant" or "susceptible" mice had low and high parasite burdens, respectively, demonstrating the gut microbiota shaped the severity of malaria. Among differences in the gut flora were increased abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in resistant mice. Susceptible mice treated with antibiotics followed by yogurt made from these bacterial genera displayed a decreased parasite burden. Consistent with differences in parasite burden, resistant mice exhibited an elevated humoral immune response compared with susceptible mice. Collectively, these results identify the composition of the gut microbiota as a previously unidentified risk factor for severe malaria and modulation of the gut microbiota (e.g., probiotics) as a potential treatment to decrease parasite burden.
Factor VII and Fibrinogen Levels as Risk Factors for Venous Thrombosis (1994)

The plasma levels of coagulation factor VII and fibrinogen are well known risk factors for arterial thrombosis. We tested the hypothesis that this association also exists for venous thrombosis. Additionally, MspI and HaeIII polymorphisms in the factor VII and fibrinogen genes have recently been reported to be associated with the concentration of both proteins in the plasma. However, no conclusion could be drawn with respect to an increase or decrease in thrombosis risk. We undertook a population-based case-control study, in which 199 patients with a population-based case-control study, in which 199 patients with a first, objectively confirmed episode of deep vein thrombosis, aged less than 70, and without a known malignant disorder were compared to 199 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, to evaluate the clinical importance of these reported findings. For fibrinogen we found a positive level-related association between the plasma fibrinogen level and thrombotic risk. Subjects with a plasma fibrinogen greater than 5 g/l had an almost 4-fold increase of thrombosis risk. The frequencies of the different HaeIII genotypes were out of balance only for the thrombosis patients, with a deficit of the H1H2 genotype. Possession of an H1H2 genotype was associated with a 40% reduction in thrombosis risk. For factor VII, neither the plasma level nor the MspI genotypes were related to deep vein thrombosis, although possession of a M2 allele was clearly associated with significantly lower factor VII levels. The frequencies of the MspI-genotypes were the same for patients and control subjects and exhibited Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vision and Navigation for the Carnegie-Mellon Navlab (1987)

A distributed architecture articulated around the CODGER (communication database with geometric reasoning) knowledge database is described for a mobile robot system that includes both perception and navigation tools. Results are described for vision and navigation tests using a mobile testbed that integrates perception and navigation capabilities that are based on two types of vision algorithms: color vision for road following, and 3-D vision for obstacle detection and avoidance. The perception modules are integrated into a system that allows the vehicle to drive continuously in an actual outdoor environment. The resulting system is able to navigate continuously on roads while avoiding obstacles. >
Photoaffinity labeling studies of bacteriorhodopsin with [15-3H]-3-diazo-4-keto-all-trans-retinal (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoaffinity labeling studies of bacteriorhodopsin with [15-3H]-3-diazo-4-keto-all-trans-retinalMarcus F. Boehm, Mary Ann Gawinowicz, Alain Foucault, Fadila Derguini, and Koji NakanishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 21, 7779–7782Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00177a044RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (579 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Niemann-Pick C1 Disease Gene: Homology to Mediators of Cholesterol Homeostasis (1997)

Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease, a fatal neurovisceral disorder, is characterized by lysosomal accumulation of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol. By positional cloning methods, a gene (NPC1) with insertion, deletion, and missense mutations has been identified in NP-C patients. Transfection of NP-C fibroblasts with wild-type NPC1 cDNA resulted in correction of their excessive lysosomal storage of LDL cholesterol, thereby defining the critical role of NPC1 in regulation of intracellular cholesterol trafficking. The 1278-amino acid NPC1 protein has sequence similarity to the morphogen receptor PATCHED and the putative sterol-sensing regions of SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase.