gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of volume holograms recording in photopolymer films with various pulse exposures repetition frequencies (2005)

In this paper, the influence of the pulse exposures repetition frequencies on volume holograms recording in photopolymer films is studied. Using a pulsed diode-pumped YAG laser (532-nm wavelength) as recording source, volume holograms are recorded with the same pulse energy fluence (0.1mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> per pulse) but different pulse exposures repetition frequencies. The diffraction efficiency and light scattering are real-time measured as the holographic grating is formed. Experimental results show that the maximum diffraction efficiency and refractive index modulation can be obtained at an optimal repetition frequency. And an upper limit for total exposure energy and an optimal pulse repetition frequency are necessary to keep low scattering noise.
Real-time analysis and selection of methylated DNA by fluorescence-activated single molecule sorting in a nanofluidic channel (2012)

Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA and histone methylation, are responsible for regulatory pathways that affect disease. Current epigenetic analyses use bisulfite conversion to identify DNA methylation and chromatin immunoprecipitation to collect molecules bearing a specific histone modification. In this work, we present a proof-of-principle demonstration for a new method using a nanofluidic device that combines real-time detection and automated sorting of individual molecules based on their epigenetic state. This device evaluates the fluorescence from labeled epigenetic modifications to actuate sorting. This technology has demonstrated up to 98% accuracy in molecule sorting and has achieved postsorting sample recovery on femtogram quantities of genetic material. We have applied it to sort methylated DNA molecules using simultaneous, multicolor fluorescence to identify methyl binding domain protein-1 (MBD1) bound to full-duplex DNA. The functionality enabled by this nanofluidic platform now provides a workflow for color-multiplexed detection, sorting, and recovery of single molecules toward subsequent DNA sequencing.
Comparison of Laparoscopic Colectomy With and Without the Aid of a Robotic Camera Holder (2002)

The use of a robotic camera holder (AESOP 3000; Computer Motion, Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, U.S.A.) during laparoscopic surgery is slowly becoming more popular with laparoscopic surgeons. However, few published reports document the effects of the robot on operative outcomes or operative times. In the current study, we compared the use of a voice-controlled robotic camera holder to a human camera holder in a series of laparoscopic colectomies. The outcome data measured included the number of patients with postoperative complications, the patients' length of stay at the hospital, and the operative times for the procedures. There were 2 complications among the 11 patients in group 1 (colectomies performed without a robotic camera holder), versus 2 complications among the 15 patients in group 2 (colectomies performed with a robotic camera holder) (P = NS). Patients in group 1 had an average length of stay of 4.1 days, versus 4.4 days for those in group 2 (P = NS). The operative time for group 1 was 235 minutes, compared with 213 minutes for group 2 (P = NS). The use of a voice-controlled robotic camera holder does not alter the length of the operative procedure, the patient's length of stay, or postoperative morbidity. However, surgeons often have a subjective sense that there is less smudging, fogging, and inadvertent movements of the laparoscope when it is controlled by a robotic system. In addition, using a voice-controlled robot as a camera holder does eliminate the need for a surgical assistant.
Linear chromosomes of Lyme disease agent spirochetes: genetic diversity and conservation of gene order (1995)

We have constructed physical and genetic maps of the chromosomes of 21 Lyme disease agent spirochetes from geographically diverse locations. All have linear chromosomes whose lengths range from 935 to 955 kbp, and all contain multiple linear plasmids in the 16- to 175-kbp size range. The locations of 11 gene clusters on the chromosomes of these different isolates are indistinguishable at the resolution achieved in this study, indicating that the members of this related group of species have highly conserved chromosomal gene orders. However, chromosomal restriction endonuclease cleavage site maps are unique for nearly all isolates. The 22 chromosomal maps currently available define eight classes of Lyme disease agents. Four of these correspond to the previously proposed species Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, and Borrelia japonica. In addition, the North American isolates 21038, DN127 c19-2, 25015, and CA55 typify four additional chromosomal types that are as phylogenetically distinct as the species listed above. These findings support the idea that comparison of restriction maps is currently the most robust and definitive method for determining overall chromosomal relationships among closely related bacteria. In the course of this work, we located on the chromosome the previously unmapped outer surface protein-encoding LA7 gene and genes homologous to the Escherichia coli priA, plsC, parE, and parC genes, and we have substantially refined the locations of the recA, fla, p22A, and flgE genes.
Chemical Etching of Si1 − x Ge x in  HF  :  H 2 O 2 :  CH 3 COOH (1995)

The properties of a highly selective chemical etchant composed of hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and acetic acid is investigated in etching heterostructures. This solution has been found to etch much faster than Si over the entire range of Ge contents. The etch rate dependences are presented as functions of solution composition, Ge content, dopant type, diluent type, temperature, and stirring. Both n‐type and p‐type . layers with Ge contents of and , respectively, are investigated. It is found that the n‐type samples etch at a faster rate than p‐type for all Ge contents examined. When is used as the diluent instead of a significant enhancement in the etch rate results for all concentrations of Ge studied. Also, the amount of in the presence of has a significant effect on the magnitude of the etch rate as well as its behavior over time.
Beta-Blocker Use and Outcomes Among Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients (2021)

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of beta-blocker therapy on outcomes of hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients enrolled in the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization (ESCAPE). BACKGROUND The effect of beta-blocker therapy on outcomes among hospitalized HF patients is not well documented. METHODS We studied the association between beta-blocker therapy and outcomes among 432 hospitalized HF patients in the ESCAPE trial. RESULTS A total of 268 patients (62%) were on beta-blockers before admission. These patients had a shorter length of stay (7.9 ± 6.3 days vs. 9.4 ± 6.7 days; p < 0.01) and a lower six-month mortality rate (16% vs. 24%; p = 0.03) compared with those who were not on beta-blockers. Of the patients who were on admission beta-blockers and were discharged alive (n = 263), beta-blockers were discontinued in 54 and significantly modified (>50% dose reduction or changed to alternative beta-blocker) in 28 patients during hospitalization. Factors associated with discontinuation of beta-blockers during hospitalization included respiratory rate >24 breaths/min (30.8% vs. 16.9%; p = 0.03), heart rate >100 beats/min (19.2% vs. 7.3%; p = 0.01), lower ejection fraction (17.9 ± 5.4% vs. 20.2 ± 7.1%; p = 0.04), diabetes (21.2% vs. 37.1%; p = 0.03), and systolic blood pressure <100 mm Hg during hospitalization (70.3% vs. 54.1%; p = 0.03). After adjusting for factors associated with beta-blocker use and those with outcomes, consistent beta-blocker use during hospitalization was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of rehospitalization or death within six months after discharge (odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.10 to 0.71; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Beta-blocker therapy before and during hospitalization for HF is associated with improved outcomes.
Report on the 5 th IFIP international workshop on quality of service (IWQOS'97) (1997)

This paper presents a summary of the fifth International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQOS) which was held at Columbia University in May 1997. The goal of this three-day meeting was to foster interaction between researchers active in the area of Quality of Service(QOS) research, to reflect on past experiences and lessons learnt, and to discuss future QOS challenges. To reflect this goal, this year's workshop included a hot program made up of (i) a keynote address on "Programming Telecommunications Networks"; (ii) panels addressing "QOS for Distributed Object Computing Middleware --- Fact or Fiction?" and "Reservations about Reservations"; (iii) a workshop invited paper entitled, "Quality of Service --- Where are we?" and (iv) ten technical sessions that included new topics for IWQOS such as mobile communications, QOS routing and QOS-based transport systems. This report summarizes the technical program and captures the main themes and major areas of discussion that emerged during IWQOS'97.
The effects of prolactin in animal models of SLE (1998)

"The effects of prolactin in animal models of SLE." Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 27(sup107), pp. 31–32
Role of disulfide linkages in tachyplesin-lipid interactions (1993)

In order to elucidate the role of the two disulfide linkages of tachyplesin I (T-SS), a membrane-acting cyclic antimicrobial peptide from Tachypleus tridentatus, we synthesized the acyclic analog (T-Acm) with the four SH groups protected by acetamidomethyl groups and also investigated the interactions of these peptides with lipid bilayers. T-SS induced leakage of calcein from egg yolk L-alpha-phosphatidylglycerol large unilamellar vesicles (PG LUVs) at peptide concentrations 1 order of magnitude smaller than those at which leakage was induced by T-Acm, which coincides with the stronger antimicrobial activities of T-SS. The micellization of PG LUVs was also more efficient for the cyclic peptide. Fluorescence titration studies revealed that binding affinities of both peptides to the PG membranes were similar. Fourier transform infrared polarized attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and fluorescence quenching experiments demonstrated that T-SS and T-Acm both form amphiphilic antiparallel beta-sheet structures in the membranes. They are formed in such a way that the sheet planes lie parallel to the membrane surface with the sheet hydrophobic surfaces penetrating slightly into the hydrophobic region of the bilayers. Furthermore, the observation that the linear T-Acm, the weaker membrane permeabilizer, caused a far more serious membrane disruption suggests the possibility that the mechanisms of membrane permeabilization by the cyclic peptide are different from those by the linear peptide, the latter being the disruption of the lipid organization.
5-azacytidine reduces methylation, promotes differentiation and induces tumor regression in a patient-derived IDH1 mutant glioma xenograft (2013)

Somatic mutations in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are frequent in low grade and progressive gliomas and are characterized by the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) from α-ketoglutarate by the mutant enzyme. 2-HG is an "oncometabolite" that competitively inhibits α-KG dependent dioxygenases resulting in various widespread cellular changes including abnormal hypermethylation of genomic DNA and suppression of cellular differentiation. Despite the growing understanding of IDH mutant gliomas, the development of effective therapies has proved challenging in part due to the scarcity of endogenous mutant in vivo models. Here we report the generation of an endogenous IDH1 anaplastic astrocytoma model which rapidly grows in vivo, produces 2-HG and exhibits DNA hypermethylation. Using this model, we have demonstrated the preclinical efficacy and mechanism of action of the FDA approved demethylating drug 5-azacytidine in vivo. Long term administration of 5-azacytidine resulted in reduction of DNA methylation of promoter loci, induction of glial differentiation, reduction of cell proliferation and a significant reduction in tumor growth. Tumor regression was observed at 14 weeks and subsequently showed no signs of re-growth at 7 weeks despite discontinuation of therapy. These results have implications for clinical trials of demethylating agents for patients with IDH mutated gliomas.
Impurity levels induced by a C impurity in GaAs (1986)

We have used the Watson-sphere-terminated molecular-cluster model within the framework of the multiple-scattering X\ensuremath{\alpha} theory to carry out electronic-structure calculations of a carbon substitutional impurity in GaAs. The activation energy of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{As}}$ impurity level is calculated as a function of inward symmetrical displacements of the nearest-neighbor Ga atoms. The center is found to be a shallow acceptor, and it is shown that an inward relaxation of the Ga atoms is expected. Unlike other group-IV elements, such as Si and Ge, carbon replacing Ga in GaAs is found to be a deep center.
Biofilm Dispersal of Neisseria subflava and Other Phylogenetically Diverse Oral Bacteria (2002)

Polystyrene petri dishes containing liquid medium were inoculated with single-cell suspensions of a fresh clinical isolate of Neisseria subflava and were incubated under conditions of low vibration. N. subflava colonies grew firmly attached to the surface of the dish, while the broth remained clear. Growing colonies released cells into the medium, resulting in the appearance of 10(2) to 10(4) small satellite colonies attached to the surface of the dish in an area adjacent to each mature colony after 24 h. Satellite colonies grew in patterns of streamers shaped like jets and flares emanating from mature colonies and pointing toward the center of the dish. This dispersal pattern evidently resulted from the surface translocation of detached biofilm cells by buoyancy-driven convection currents that were generated due to slight temperature gradients in the medium. Streamers of satellite colonies ranged from 2 to >40 mm in length. Satellite colonies in very long streamers were relatively uniform in size regardless of their distance from the mature colony, suggesting that mature colonies released single cells or small clusters of cells into the medium and that the detachment, surface translocation, and subsequent surface reattachment of released cells were a transitory process. Incubation of N. subflava single cells in a perfused biofilm fermentor resulted in a large spike of the number of CFU in the perfusate after 9.5 h of growth, consistent with a rapid release of cells into the medium. Biofilm colonies of several other phylogenetically diverse oral bacteria, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Streptococcus mitis, and a prevalent but previously uncultured oral Streptococcus sp., exhibited similar temperature-dependent dispersal patterns in broth culture. This in vitro spreading phenotype could be a useful tool for studying biofilm dispersal in these and other nonflagellated bacteria and may have physiological relevance to biofilm dispersal in the oral cavity.
Growth factor requirement for survival in cell-cycle dormancy of primitive murine lymphohematopoietic progenitors (1993)

We used enriched marrow cells from mice administered three doses of 150 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 1, 3 and 7 days before they were killed to study the effects of different growth factors on the survival of primitive, cell-cycle dormant progenitors in culture. This cell population yielded substantially fewer colonies in response to single growth factors than corresponding preparations from day 2 post-5-FU bone marrow samples, and the majority of progenitors were multipotential in nature. These observations were consistent with the prediction that multiple cycles of 5-FU treatment would further enrich for primitive cells. With this cell population, we found that among all the factors tested, interleukin-3 (IL-3) and steel factor (SF) as single factors are the most effective in supporting survival of dormant primitive progenitors. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-11 (IL-11), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) also supported survival of a few progenitors, but much less effectively than either IL-3 or SF. The hematopoietic progenitors that survived for 1 week in liquid culture supplemented with either IL-3 or SF retained the capability to develop pre-B-cell colonies in secondary culture. Our results demonstrate that survival of dormant murine lymphohematopoietic cells in culture is dependent on the presence of specific growth factors, and that this growth factor requirement can be satisfied well by SF or IL-3.
Regioselective immobilization of short oligonucleotides to acrylic copolymer gels (1996)

Four types of polyacrylamide or polydimethyl-acrylamide gels for regioselective (by immobilization at the 3' end) of short oligonucleotides have been designed for use in manufacturing oligonucleotide microchips. Two of these supports contain amino or aldehyde groups in the gel, allowing coupling with oligonucleotides bearing aldehyde or amino groups, respectively, in the presence of a reducing agent. The aldehyde gel support showed a higher immobilization efficiency relative to the amino gel. Of all reducing agents tested, the best results were obtained with a pyridine-borane complex. The other supports are based on an acrylamide gel activated with glutaraldehyde or a hydroxyalkyl-functionalized gel treated with mesyl chloride. The use of dimethylacrylamide instead of acrylamide allows subsequent gel modifications in organic solvents. All the immobilization methods are easy and simple to perform, give high and reproducible yields, allow long durations of storage of the activated support, and provide high stability of attachment and low non-specific binding. Although these gel supports have been developed for preparing oligonucleotide microchips, they may be used for other purposes as well.
The Hypothalamus and Social Behavior with Special Reference to the Hormonal Control of Sexual Behavior (1979)

Social behavior consists of an organized interaction between one or more individuals of a given species with another member or members of the same species. Functionally, social behavior is associated with the organization of a specific local population of animals, and, as such, will be concerned with the organization of the group within space and, especially, with reproductive activities. Social structure is usually fundamental to reproductive activity. Thus some non-reproductive social behavior, such as territorial behavior, often actually subserves reproduction. However, social structure is frequently a function of mating relationships and other reproductive interactions. For example, aggressive behavior results in the ascendency of the cock to the top of the hierarchy in flock structure and this position results in his maintaining greater mating access to hens. Or, in territorial species, the ability to successfully acquire and defend territory can lead to breeding activity and reproductive success. Social behavior, like other . . .
Performance benefits of monolithically stacked 3D-FPGA (2006)

The performance benefits of a monolithically stacked 3D-FPGA, whereby the programming overhead of an FPGA is stacked on top of a standard CMOS layer containing the logic blocks and interconnects, are investigated. A Virtex-II style 2D-FPGA fabric is used as a baseline for quantifying the relative improvements in logic density, delay, and power consumption achieved by such a 3D-FPGA. It is assumed that only the pass-transistor switches and configuration memory cells can be moved to the top layers and that the 3D-FPGA employs the same logic block and programmable interconnect architecture as the baseline 2D-FPGA. Assuming a configuration memory cell that is ≤ 0.7 the area of an SRAM cell and pass-transistor switches having the same characteristics as nMOS devices in the CMOS layer are used, it is shown that a monolithically stacked 3D-FPGA can achieve 3.2 times higher logic density, 1.7 times lower critical path delay, and 1.7 times lower total dynamic power consumption than the baseline 2D-FPGA fabricated in the same 65nm technology node.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON A VIRUS IN CULTURED LYMPHOBLASTS FROM BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA (1965)

Lymphoblasts of two tissue culture strains (EB1 and EB2) from different biopsy specimens of Burkitt's lymphoma have been examined in thin sections by electron microscopy, and have each been found to carry a morphologically identical virus. The virus was observed in samples taken over many months, being present in about 1 to 2 per cent of the cells in two forms: Immature particles about 75 mmicro in diameter which were seen in both the nucleus and cytoplasm; and larger mature particles with a diameter of 110 to 115 mmicro, which were either within membrane-bounded cytoplasmic spaces or at the cell surface. There was some indication that the particles matured by budding through the cytoplasmic membranes. Both types of particle occurred in dead degenerating cells or, less frequently, in intact altered cells. The characteristic alterations of the latter included margination of the chromatin, fragmentation of the nuclear envelope, beaded opaque material in the mitochondria, and, with one of the cell strains (EB1), sheaves of altered spindle tubules. All attempts to isolate and identify the virus carried by the two strains of lymphoblasts failed. No pathological effects were caused in 8-day chick embryos inoculated either with whole lymphoblasts or extracts of disrupted lymphoblasts, using the intraallantoic, amniotic, and chorioallantoic routes, and the extraembryonic fluids of such chicks were without haemagglutinating activity for human, chicken, guinea pig, or monkey erythrocytes. Whole lymphoblasts or lymphoblast extracts were likewise without effect when inoculated intraperitoneally into newborn hamsters or two strains of newborn mice. Similar lymphoblast inocula did not cause detectable changes in 9 different test tissue culture systems even after 8 blind passages. The nature of the unknown, unidentified virus in the cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt's lymphomas is considered and its possible relationship to the cells discussed.