gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Unsymmetrical Sulfonylureas from N,N‘-Sulfuryldiimidazoles (2002)

The synthetic methods reported in the literature for the preparation of sulfonylureas tend to be restricted in scope or unsuitable for use in parallel synthesis. We have developed a method for preparing sterically congested sulfonylureas based on N,N'-sulfuryldiimidazole that is both convenient and amenable to parallel synthesis. Sequential activation by way of alkylation of the imidazole group using methyl triflate followed by nucleophilic displacement with a variety of amines and anilines afford the unsymmetrical sulfonylurea. Sulfonylureas prepared from anilines were obtained in high yields using N,N'-sulfuryldiimidazole, while the somewhat more sterically congested analogue, N,N'-sulfurylbis-2-methylimidazole, proved to be superior for alkylamines.
Optically induced birefringence change in la-doped lead zirconate-titanate ferroelectric ceramics (1978)

Optically induced birefringence change (OIBC) in PLZT is considered in view of space charge formed by photoexcitation of carriers. On the basis of optical measurements it is shown that, in general, complete screening of the applied field by space-charge field does not occur. Experimental results confirm theoretical calculations of electric fields and currents related to OIBC on the basis of a one-dimensional model.
Compressive Wideband Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Applications (2008)

It has been widely recognized that utilization of radio spectrum by licensed wireless systems, e.g., TV broadcasting, aeronautical telemetry, is quite low. In particular, at any given time and spatial region, there are frequency bands where there is no signal occupancy. There has been recent interest in improving spectrum utilization by permitting secondary usage using cognitive radios. Cognitive radios use spectrum sensing to determine frequency bands that are vacant of licensed signal transmissions and transmit on such portions to meet regulatory constraints of avoiding harmful interference to licensed systems. Future cognitive radios will be capable of scanning a wide band of frequencies, in the order of a few GHz, and employ adaptive waveforms for transmission depending on the estimated spectrum of licensed systems. In this thesis, we address the problem of estimating the spectrum of the wide-band signal received at the cognitive radio sensing receiver using compressive sampling coupled with a multiband spectrum detector to determine the spectrum occupancy of the licensed system. Since individual cognitive radios might not be able to reliably detect weak primary signals due to channel fading/shadowing, we also propose a distributed compressive scheme based on joint recovery of the license occupancy for application scenarios involving geographically distributed radios. In such a distributed approach, the spectrum occupancy is determined by the joint work of cognitive radios (exploiting spatial diversity), as opposed to being determined individually by each cognitive radio.
Expression of v-src arrests murine glial cell differentiation. (1989)

A replication-defective retroviral vector carrying the v-src oncogene and the gene for neomycin resistance was used to infect neurone- and fibroblast-depleted embryonic mouse brain cells in vitro. Cells resistant to the antibiotic G418 were obtained and continually passaged. Several cell lines were isolated which express high levels of v-src mRNA and v-src tyrosine kinase activity. The antigenic marker profile of either the pooled cells from an individual infection or sublines isolated from individual foci showed the cells to be immature glia: most cells expressed vimentin, A2B5 antigen and/or J1/tenascin glycoproteins, but not fibronectin. Sublines expressed different antigen profiles suggesting that the immortalised cells were derived from glial cells of different phenotypes. The cell lines expressed the 120 and 140 but not the 180 kd components of N-CAM as well as voltage-activated potassium channels, typical for glial cells. 01 antigen-positive oligodendrocytes were never observed in the lines or sublines after long term passage (over 1 year), but some cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker for mature astrocytes. Thus, expression of v-src in murine glial cells appears to arrest their development and prevent their differentiation.
Biochemical mechanism of HIV-1 Vpr function. Oligomerization mediated by the N-terminal domain. (1994)

The human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) genome encodes a 15-kDa accessory gene product, Vpr, that is essential for virus replication in primary monocytes/macrophages. Being present in the virion, Vpr is believed to function in the early phases of HIV-1 replication, including nuclear migration of the pre-integration complex and/or transcription of the provirus genome. By gel filtration analysis of highly purified Vpr protein and its mutants, we demonstrate that HIV-1 Vpr exists as an oligomer. The N-terminal domain of Vpr (amino acids (aa) 1-42) is sufficient for oligomerization; however, deletion of aa 36-76 from Vpr disrupts oligomerization, suggesting that aa 36-42 are critical for Vpr oligomerization. As a result of Vpr oligomerization, basic aa residues within Vpr aa 1-73 are highly resistant to trypsin digestion, while those within Vpr aa 74-96 are easily accessible. Mutations within the leucine-/isoleucine-rich domain (aa 60-81), which was previously identified to be involved in Vpr interaction with a host cellular protein, rendered Arg62 more susceptible to trypsin digestion. Thus, the Vpr oligomeric structure must be extended into this domain. These results suggest a novel feature of HIV-1 Vpr that may be important for its functions.
Evaluation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Typing with Invader on PCR Amplicons and Its Automation (2000)

Large-scale pharmacogenetics and complex disease association studies will require typing of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in thousands of individuals. Such projects would benefit from a genotyping system with accuracy >99% and a failure rate <5% on a simple, reliable, and flexible platform. However, such a system is not yet available for routine laboratory use. We have evaluated a modification of the previously reported Invader SNP-typing chemistry for use in a genotyping laboratory and tested its automation. The Invader technology uses a Flap Endonuclease for allele discrimination and a universal fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) reporter system. Three hundred and eighty-four individuals were genotyped across a panel of 36 SNPs and one insertion/deletion polymorphism with Invader assays using PCR product as template, a total of 14,208 genotypes. An average failure rate of 2.3% was recorded, mostly associated with PCR failure, and the typing was 99.2% accurate when compared with genotypes generated with established techniques. An average signal-to-noise ratio (9:1) was obtained. The high degree of discrimination for single base changes, coupled with homogeneous format, has allowed us to deploy liquid handling robots in a 384-well microtitre plate format and an automated end-point capture of fluorescent signal. Simple semiautomated data interpretation allows the generation of approximately 25,000 genotypes per person per week, which is 10-fold greater than gel-based SNP typing and microsatellite typing in our laboratory. Savings on labor costs are considerable. We conclude that Invader chemistry using PCR products as template represents a useful technology for typing large numbers of SNPs rapidly and efficiently.
Synthesis of Cyclic Polybutadiene via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization:  The Importance of Removing Trace Linear Contaminants (2003)

The synthesis of cyclic polybutadienes using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) was accomplished. A cyclic Ru alkylidene catalyst, where a terminal ligand was covalently linked to the Ru alkylidene, was used to polymerize either 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD) or 1,5,9-trans-cis-trans-cyclododecatriene (CDT). Trace amounts of an acyclic impurity, 4-vinylcyclohexene, found in the COD led to samples which were contaminated with linear polymer. In contrast, CDT, which was free of the impurity, afforded pure cyclic polymer. These results provide a convenient method for discerning samples of pure cyclic polymer from those which contain trace to large amounts of linear polymer. Furthermore, they emphasize the need to use monomers that are free of acyclic impurities when preparing cyclic polymers using ROMP.
Synthesis of Vinca alkaloids and related compounds. 37. Some new reactions of (.+-.)-C-norquebrachamine and its derivatives (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Vinca alkaloids and related compounds. 37. Some new reactions of (.+-.)-C-norquebrachamine and its derivativesGyorgy Kalaus, Numan Malkieh, Maria Kajtar-Peredy, Janos Brlik, Lajos Szabo, and Csaba SzantayCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 1, 42–45Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00236a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00236a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Host Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase: Contribution to Systemic Acquired Tumor Tolerance (2012)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a natural mechanism of creating acquired tolerance in a variety of physiological settings. This endogenous tolerogenic pathway has important functions in regulating the magnitude of immune responses in settings of infection, pregnancy, tissue transplantation, mucosal interfaces and others. Whether for angiogenesis, stromal formation or immunologic tolerance, tumors often rely on recruiting host mechanisms. IDO is one such potent endogenous mechanism that appears to be frequently hijacked by tumors to establish systemic immune tolerance to tumor antigens. IDO can be expressed by tumors themselves, but, in addition, its natural site of expression is the host immune cells recruited by the tumor (particularly dendritic cells and macrophages). Therapeutic strategies that target the IDO pathway have been shown to synergize with standard chemotherapy and experimental immunotherapies to break tumor-induced tolerance. When such strategies target IDO expressed in host cells, they may be able to disrupt tolerance without creating intrinsic tumor cell drug resistance.
Role of the human transferrin receptor cytoplasmic domain in endocytosis: localization of a specific signal sequence for internalization. (1990)

Wild-type and mutant human transferrin receptors have been expressed in chicken embryo fibroblasts using a helper-independent retroviral vector. The internalization of mutant human transferrin receptors, in which all but four of the 61 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain had been deleted, was greatly impaired. However, when expressed at high levels, such "tailless" mutant receptors could provide chicken embryo fibroblasts with sufficient iron from diferric human transferrin to support a normal rate of growth. As the rate of recycling of the mutant receptors was not significantly different from wild-type receptors, an estimate of relative internalization rates could be obtained from the distribution of receptors inside the cell and on the cell surface under steady-state conditions. This analysis and the results of iron uptake studies both indicate that the efficiency of internalization of tailless mutant receptors is approximately 10% that of wild-type receptors. Further studies of a series of mutant receptors with different regions of the cytoplasmic domain deleted suggested that residues within a 10-amino acid region (amino acids 19-28) of the human transferrin receptor cytoplasmic domain are required for efficient endocytosis. Insertion of this region into the cytoplasmic domain of the tailless mutant receptors restored high efficiency endocytosis. The only tyrosine residue (Tyr 20) in the cytoplasmic domain of the human transferrin receptor is found within this 10-amino acid region. A mutant receptor containing glycine instead of tyrosine at position 20 was estimated to be approximately 20% as active as the wild-type receptor. We conclude that the cytoplasmic domain of the transferrin receptor contains a specific signal sequence located within amino acid residues 19-28 that determines high efficiency endocytosis. Further, Tyr 20 is an important element of that sequence.
Extraordinary Shifts of the Leidenfrost Temperature from Multiscale Micro/Nanostructured Surfaces (2013)

In the present work, the effects of surface chemistry and micro/nanostructuring on the Leidenfrost temperature are experimentally investigated. The functional surfaces were fabricated on a 304 stainless steel surface via femtosecond laser surface processing (FLSP). The droplet lifetime experimental method was employed to determine the Leidenfrost temperature for both machine-polished and textured surfaces. A precision dropper was used to control the droplet size to 4.2 μL and surface temperatures were measured by means of an embedded thermocouple. Extraordinary shifts in the Leidenfrost temperatures, as high as 175 °C relative to the polished surface, were observed with the laser-processed surfaces. These extraordinary shifts were attributed to nanoporosity, reduction in contact angle, intermittent liquid/solid contacts, and capillary wicking actions resulting from the presence of self-assembled nanoparticles formed on the surfaces. In addition to the shift in the Leidenfrost temperature, significant enhancement of the heat transfer in the film boiling regime was also observed for the laser-processed surfaces; water droplet evaporation times were reduced by up to 33% for a surface temperature of 500 °C.
Extended tropism of an adenoviral vector does not circumvent the maturation‐dependent transducibility of mouse skeletal muscle (1999)

Background Efficient adenoviral gene delivery to mature skeletal muscle has been hindered by different factors. The low levels of adenoviral attachment receptor (CAR) that have been reported in this tissue may be a limiting factor. Therefore, adenoviral transduction of mature muscle may be improved by extending the tropism of the adenoviral vectors to attachment receptors that are highly expressed in mature myofibers. In this study, we have investigated whether an extended tropism adenoviral vector which additionally attaches to the broadly expressed heparan-containing receptors (AdPK) can bypass the maturation-dependent adenoviral transducibility of mouse skeletal muscle. Methods The adenoviral vector AdPK carrying the LacZ gene was evaluated as a gene delivery vehicle in mouse skeletal muscle at different maturities in vitro and in vivo. The viral transduction efficiencies were determined by histochemical and ONPG analysis of the β-galactosidase activity level. Results Higher transduction efficiencies were detected in immature muscle from normal mice, and in mature muscle from merosin-deficient dy/dy mice (carrying myofibers with an impaired extracellular matrix) and dystrophin-deficient mdx mice (showing a high level of myoblast activity) when compared to mature muscle from normal mice. Conclusions Despite the enhanced attachment characteristics, the extended tropism adenoviral vector is, similarly to the wild-type adenoviral vector in previous studies, still hindered by both a protective extracellular matrix and the diminished myoblast-mediation in mature muscle. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of electron beam irradiation on highly oriented poly(di-methyl silane) film (1995)

The effects of electron beam irradiation on highly oriented poly(di-methyl silane) film are studied. The highly oriented films, in which the silicon backbone of poly(di-methyl silane) is perpendicular to the substrate surface, are prepared by means of a vacuum-evaporation technique. The orientation of the polysilane is confirmed by ultraviolet absorption and X-ray diffraction measurements. By electron beam irradiation, the polysilanes in the film are bonded with the nearest neighbour chains by forming C-O-C, Si-O-C, and/or Si-O-Si groups, which are investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The irradiated part of the film is hardened, and remains on the substrate after etching by concentrated H2SO4. whereas the other part is completely removed. By using such a process, a negative-tone pattern having sufficient resistance against acid can be obtained. The possibility of the application of this effect is also discussed on the basis of the microscopic structure of the present film.
Genomics of AML: Clinical Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing (2011)

In the past decade, a series of technological advances have revolutionized our ability to interrogate cancer genomes, culminating in whole-genome sequencing, which provides genome-wide coverage at a single base-pair resolution. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decrease, it is likely that whole-genome sequencing of cancer cells will become commonplace in the diagnostic workup of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and other cancers. The unprecedented molecular characterization provided by whole-genome sequencing offers the potential for an individualized approach to treatment in AML, bringing us one step closer to personalized medicine. In this chapter, we discuss how next-generation sequencing is being used to study cancer genomes. Recent publications of whole-genome sequencing in AML are reviewed and current limitations of whole-genome sequencing are examined, as well as current and potential future clinical applications of whole-genome sequencing.
Molecular Rods. 1. Simple Axial Rods (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Rods. 1. Simple Axial RodsPeter F. H. Schwab, Michael D. Levin, and Josef MichlView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 7, 1863–1934Publication Date (Web):July 14, 1999Publication History Received9 February 1999Revised23 April 1999Published online14 July 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr970070xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr970070xresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3155Altmetric-Citations509LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Metals,Oligomers,Pyrroles Get e-Alerts
Optimization of distributed MEMS transmission-line phase shifters-U-band and W-band designs (2000)

The design and optimization of distributed micromechanical system (MEMS) transmission-line phase shifters at both U- and W-band is presented in this paper. The phase shifters are fabricated on 500 /spl mu/m quartz with a center conductor thickness of 8000 /spl Aring/ of gold. The U-band design results in 70/spl deg//dB at 40 GHz and 90/spl deg//dB at 60 GHz with a 17% change in the MEMS bridge capacitance. The W-band design results in 70/spl deg//dB from 75 to 110 GHz with a 15% change in the MEMS bridge capacitance. The W-band phase-shifter performance is limited by the series resistance of the MEMS bridge, which is estimated to be 0.15 /spl Omega/. Calculations demonstrate that the performance of the distributed MEMS phase shifter can be greatly increased if the change in the MEMS bridge capacitance can be increased to 30% or 50%. To our knowledge, these results present the best published performance at 60 and 75-110 GHz of any nonwaveguide-based phase shifter.
Control of Cabbage Pests, 1988: (1989)

Abstract Cabbage was transplanted on 29 Jul. ‘Schultz’ starter fertilizer was used at planting and 10N-10P-10K fertilizer was applied on 15 Aug at a rate of 300 lb/acre. The soil was a fine sandy loam, pH 6.1. Each plot consisted of 2 12-ft rows, and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were based on 3-ft row spacing. All applications were made with a CO2-pressurized sprayer delivering 70 gal/acre at 40 psi. Ambush 2 EC was applied (3.2 oz formulated material/acre) on 17 Aug to all plots to prevent total defoliation by ICW, to allow for the plants to reach the early head growth stage, and to allow for colonization by ‘DBM’. All treatments were applied on 22 Sep. Larval counts were made on 27 Sep.
Inhibition of red cell membrane lipid peroxidation by sulphasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid. (1991)

The effects of sulphasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), and sulphapyridine on peroxidation of red cell membrane lipids, measured as malondialdehyde production, were assessed. Sulphasalazine and 5-ASA, at concentrations of 10(-5)-10(-3) M significantly inhibit lipid peroxidation, suggesting an antioxidant action that may explain the efficacy of these drugs in treating inflammatory bowel disease. Sulphapyridine, which is not effective in inflammatory bowel disease inhibited malondialdehyde production at a concentration of 10(-3) M only.
Efficacy ofLactobacillus GGas a Diarrheal Preventive in Travelers (1997)

Traveler's diarrhea can be a debilitating problem for individuals on international trips. Retrospective and prospective studies have shown the incidence of traveler's diarrhea to range from 15-56%. 1,2A placebo-controlled, double-blinded study in Finnish travelers found that the probiotic Lactobacillus GG decreases the incidence of traveler's diarrhea.3 Lactobacillus GG, initially isolated from healthy humans, is remarkable in its ability to resist acid and bile degradation and to adhere to the intestinal mucosa.4 To assess the efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in preventing diarrhea in American tourists, a study was conducted at the Travel and Immunization Center of the Long Island Jewish Medical Center (LIJMC).
Varicella Virus Vaccine Live: A 22-Year Review of Postmarketing Safety Data (2019)

This comprehensive 22-year review confirms the overall safety profile for VVVL, with no new safety concerns identified. Since VVVL's introduction in 1995, notable declines in varicella cases and in varicella-related deaths have occurred compared with the prevaccination period.