gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accounting architecture for cellular networks (2002)

This paper elaborates on the accounting architecture described in the cellular digital packet data (CDPD) standard and implemented in a product release. Accounting here pertains to the collection and distribution of subscriber usage data which could be used for statistical or billing purposes. Addressing billing issues is beyond the scope of this paper. The CDPD standard has addressed a number of key issues arising in providing an accounting service for cellular networks which can be of interest to the entire cellular community. These include issues of inter-service provider visiting. Protocols for the exchange of accounting data between multiple service providers are also discussed. This paper highlights some of the key elements of the CDPD accounting architecture that can be adopted for specifying a generic architecture for cellular voice networks. Accounting support for virtual private networks within the framework of this architecture is also discussed.
Electrically switchable and optically rewritable reflective Fresnel zone plate in dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystals (2007)

This work demonstrates a reflective Fresnel zone plate based on dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystals (DDCLC) using the photo-induced realignment technique. Illumination of a DDCLC film with a laser beam through a Fresnel-zone-plate mask yields a reflective lens with binary-amplitude structures - planar and focal conic textures, which reflect and scatter probed light, respectively. The formed lens persists without any external disturbance, and its focusing efficiency, analyzed using circularly polarized light, is ~ 23.7%, which almost equals the measured diffraction efficiency of the used Fresnel-zone-plate mask (~ 25.6%). The lens is thermally erasable, rewritable and switchable between focusing and defocusing states, upon application of a voltage.
Current synthetic inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in 2005 (2005)

The human neutrophil elastase (HNE)-related diseases, such as acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF), are a serious problem worldwide. To prevent excessive production of HNE, which is a major pathogenic factor of these disorders, and to restore the appropriate balance between HNE and its inhibitors, research and development of potent synthetic HNE inhibitors has been conducted for > 30 years worldwide. At present, the following four agents can be described as the most successful: the acyl-enzyme inhibitors, ONO-5046 and MR-889, and the transition-state inhibitors, ONO-6818 and AE-3763. Additionally, protein inhibitors such as DX-890 (EPI-hNE-4), recombinant α1-antitrypsin, elafin and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) are also being developed and actively researched in 2005. This review focuses upon the major synthetic HNE inhibitors, including those patented in 2004.
Power series solutions of singular (q)-differential equations (2012)

We provide algorithms computing power series solutions of a large class of differential or q-differential equations or systems. Their number of arithmetic operations grows linearly with the precision, up to logarithmic terms.
Applications of PHB - a microbially produced biodegradable thermoplastic (1985)

ICI has recently made available a new range of environmentally degradable thermoplastics made by bacteria from renewable substrates. Potentially the next generation of commodity plastics, these are now being evaluated in speciality applications.
Brain Natriuretic Peptide Is Produced in Cardiac Fibroblasts and Induces Matrix Metalloproteinases (2002)

Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) produce extracellular matrix proteins and participate in the remodeling of the heart. It is unknown if brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is synthesized by CFs and if BNP participates in the regulation of extracellular matrix turnover. In this study, we examined the production of BNP in adult canine CFs and the role of BNP and its signaling system on collagen synthesis and on the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). BNP mRNA was detected in CFs, and a specific radioimmunoassay demonstrated that BNP(1-32) was secreted into the media at a rate of 11.2+/-1.0 pg/10(5) cells per 48 hours (mean+/-SEM). The amount of BNP secretion was significantly (P<0.01) augmented by 10(-7) mol/L tumor necrosis factor-alpha in a time-dependent manner. BNP significantly (P<0.01) inhibited de novo collagen synthesis as assessed by [3H]proline incorporation, whereas zymographic MMP-2 (gelatinase) abundance was significantly (P<0.05) stimulated by BNP between 10(-7) and 10(-6) mol/L. In addition, protein expression of MMP-1, -2, and -3 and membranous type-1 MMP was significantly increased by 10(-6) mol/L BNP. The cGMP analogue 8-bromo-cGMP (10(-4) mol/L) mimicked the BNP effect, whereas inhibition of protein kinase G by KT5823 (10(-6) mol/L) significantly (P<0.05) attenuated BNP-induced zymographic MMP-2 abundance. In summary, this study reports that BNP is present in cultured CFs and that BNP decreases collagen synthesis and increases MMPs via cGMP-protein kinase G signaling. These in vitro findings support a role for BNP as a regulator of myocardial structure via control of cardiac fibroblast function.
A new elicitor of the hypersensitive response in tobacco: a fungal glycoprotein elicits cell death, expression of defence genes, production of salicylic acid, and induction of systemic acquired resistance (1995)

A 32 kDa glycoprotein whose effects in tobacco and other Nicotianae mimic a typical hypersensitive response, was isolated from Phytophthora megasperma. Infiltration of a few nanograms of the protein into leaves caused the formation of lesions that closely resemble hypersensitive response lesions. Transcripts of genes encoding enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and sesquiterpenoid pathways accumulated rapidly after elicitor application followed by salicylic acid production. Cellular damage, restricted to the infiltrated zone, occurred only several hours later, at a time when expression of PR protein genes was activated. After several days systemic acquired resistance was also induced. Thus, tobacco plant cells that perceived the glycoprotein generated a cascade of signals acting at local, short, and long distances, and causing the coordinate expression of specific defence responses in a way similar to hypersensitivity to tobacco mosaic virus. The glycoprotein represents a powerful tool to investigate further the signals and their transduction pathways involved in induced disease resistance. It may also be useful to engineer broad disease protection in a Nicotianae and possibly into crop plant species.
Characterization of wheat DP, a heterodimerization partner of the plant E2F transcription factor which stimulates E2F–DNA binding (2000)

Recent studies suggest that the G1/S transition in plants depends on the activity of E2F transcription factors. In animal cells, E2Fs interact with DP proteins, whose identification in plants has been elusive, so far. Here we show that although an E2F-containing DNA-binding activity can be detected in plant cell extracts, purified E2F protein binds poorly to DNA. In a yeast two-hybrid screening, using wheat E2F as a bait, we have isolated a cDNA clone encoding a wheat DP (TmDP) protein. TmDP is expressed ubiquitously and exhibits a domain organization similar to animal DPs. Contrary to the specificity observed for the plant RBR/E2F interaction, human and plant E2F and DP proteins can interact in a heterologous manner. Purified TmDP protein stimulates E2F-DNA complex formation.
Mapatumumab, an Antibody Targeting TRAIL-R1, in Combination With Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies: Results of a Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study (2009)

Mapatumumab is well-tolerated up to 20 mg/kg in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin. There are no apparent pharmacokinetic interactions among the drugs. Preliminary anticancer activity demonstrated clinical benefit for the majority of these patients.
Triamcinolone acetonide and hexacetonide intra-articular treatment of symmetrical joints in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a double-blind trial (2004)

Even when TA is given at higher doses, TH is more effective and should be considered the drug of choice for intra-articular treatment of JIA.
The Clinical Potential of a Point-of-Care Assay to Assess Interindividual Variability in Platelet Aggregation Among Patients Taking Clopidogrel (2006)

Clopidogrel is an important component of medical therapy for patients with acute coronary syndromes and those receiving coronary artery stents. Despite use of clopidogrel, a significant number of patients experience recurrent adverse ischemic events. Interindividual variability of platelet aggregation in response to clopidogrel may be an explanation for some of these recurrent events, and small trials have linked "clopidogrel resistance" as measured by platelet function tests to adverse events. Additionally, the degree of clopidogrel-induced platelet inhibition appears to be a factor determining bleeding risk at coronary artery bypass grafting. A point-of-care device that could accurately and rapidly measure the degree of platelet inhibition among patients taking clopidogrel could be clinically valuable. Such a device would have the potential to allow therapeutic decision-making based on the degree of platelet inhibition, especially for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting.
Lipid Profiling Reveals Arachidonate Deficiency in RAW264.7 Cells:  Structural and Functional Implications (2006)

Glycerophospholipids containing arachidonic acid (20:4) serve as the precursors for an array of biologically active lipid mediators, most of which are produced by macrophages. We have applied mass spectrometry-based lipid profiling technology to evaluate the glycerophospholipid structure and composition of two macrophage populations, resident peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells, with regard to their potential for 20:4-based lipid mediator biosynthesis. Fatty acid analysis indicated that RAW264.7 cells were deficient in 20:4 (10 +/- 1 mol %) compared to peritoneal macrophages (26 +/- 1 mol %). Mass spectrometry of total glycerophospholipids demonstrated a marked difference in the distribution of lipid species, including reduced levels of 20:4-containing lipids, in RAW264.7 cells compared to peritoneal macrophages. Enrichment of RAW264.7 cells with 20:4 increased the fatty acid to 20 +/- 1 mol %. However, the distribution of the incorporated 20:4 remained different from that of peritoneal macrophages. RAW264.7 cells pretreated with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor followed by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma mobilized similar quantities of 20:4 and produced similar amounts of prostaglandins as peritoneal macrophages treated with LPS alone. LPS treatment resulted in detectable changes in specific 20:4-containing glycerophospholipids in peritoneal cells, but not in RAW264.7 cells. 20:4-enriched RAW264.7 cells lost 88% of the incorporated fatty acid during the LPS incubation without additional prostaglandin synthesis. These results illustrate that large differences in glycerophospholipid composition may exist, even in closely related cell populations, and demonstrate the importance of interpreting the potential for lipid-mediator biosynthesis in the context of overall glycerophospholipid composition.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel Fluorescent Photoprobe for Imaging Matrix Metalloproteinases (2008)

The measurement of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in diseases like inflammation, oncogenesis, or atherosclerosis in vivo is highly desirable. Fine-tuned pyrimidine-2,4,6-triones (barbiturates) offer nonpeptidyl lead structures for developing imaging agents for specifically visualization of activated MMPs in vivo. The aim of this study was to modify a C-5-disubstituted barbiturate and thus design a highly affine, nonpeptidic, optical MMP inhibitor (MMPI)-ligand for imaging of activated MMPs in vivo. A convergent 10 step synthesis was developed, starting with a malonic ester and (4-bromophenoxy)benzene to generate 5-bromo-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione as the key intermediate. To minimize the interactions between activated MMPs and the dye of the conjugate 6, a PEGylated piperazine derivative was used as a spacer and an azide as a protected amino function. After linking both building blocks, reducing the azide ( Staudinger reaction) and labeling with Cy 5.5, we obtained the nonhydroxamate MMP inhibitor 6 with high affinity (IC 50-value: 48 nM for MMP-2) measured in a fluorogenic assay using commercially available MMP-substrates and the purified enzyme. Zymography revealed an efficient blocking of enzyme activity of purified MMP-2 and MMP-9 and of MMP-containing cell supernatants (HT-1080), (A-673) using the PEGylated barbiturate 5. Fluorescence microscopy studies using a highly (A-673) and a moderate (HT-1080) MMP-2 secreting cell line showed efficient binding of the Cy 5.5 labeled tracer 6 to the MMP-2 positive cells while MMP-2 negative cells (MCF-7) did not bind. Therefore, this new barbiturate-based MMP-probe has a high affinity and specificity toward MMP-2 and -9 and is thus a promising candidate for sensitive MMP detection in vivo.
Novel Approaches to Screen for Anticancer Drugs Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2003)

The development of anticancer drugs has relied primarily on two traditional approaches. Synthetic or natural compounds are routinely screened for anticancer activities using a cell-based assay. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has relied on a panel of human tumor cell lines to search for compounds that inhibit cell growth (1,2). Inhibitors identified in this screen are then further characterized for toxicity and antitumor activity in animal models. A strategy that is highly popular in industry is high-throughput screens for compounds that inhibit the in-vitro activities of specific enzymes or proteins (kinases, phosphatases, etc.) (3). This approach relies on the establishment of a robust in-vitro assay for the protein of interest. Although kinases are the preferred substrates because many of the existing chemical libraries were designed to identify kinase inhibitors, screens for other cellular targets are limited only by the development of an appropriate assay.
INHIBITION OF EXPERIMENTAL METASTASIS OF HUMAN BREAST-CARCINOMA CELLS IN ATHYMIC NUDE-MICE BY ANTI-ALPHA(5)BETA(1) FIBRONECTIN RECEPTOR INTEGRIN ANTIBODIES (1995)

We have investigated the role of the human alpha(5) beta(1) fibronectin receptor integrin in experimental metastasis. Treatment of human MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells with monoclonal antibodies specific for alpha(5) or beta(1) integrin subunits prior to injection into the tail veins of 7 to 9 week old athymic nude mice significantly decreased the median number of lung colonies that were formed. In contrast, treatment of the cells with monoclonal antibodies specific for the alpha(2) subunit had no significant effect. In vitro, the anti-alpha(5) and the anti-beta(1) monoclonal antibodies both strongly inhibited breast carcinoma cell adhesion to fibronectin, while only the anti-beta(1) monoclonal antibody inhibited adhesion to laminin. In a Boyden chamber invasion assay, the anti-beta(1) antibody almost completely inhibited invasion of the breast carcinoma cells through an artificial Matrigel basement membrane. The anti-alpha(5) monoclonal antibody inhibited in vitro invasion approximately 30%, only if fibroblast conditioned medium was present as a chemoattractant. Cell migration on fibronectin could be inhibited by both the anti-alpha(5) and the anti-beta(1) monoclonal antibody. These results indicate that the alpha(5) beta(1) integrin fibronectin receptor on MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells plays an important role in experimental hematogenous metastasis and may function in this process by a combination of mechanisms, including tumor cell attachment to fibronectin and fibronectin-directed extravasation of tumor cells into the target organ.
STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS OF THE FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE ASSOCIATED WITH THE INDETERMINATE GAMETOPHYTE (ig) MUTANT IN MAIZE (1978)

The indeterminate gametophyte (ig) mutation, when crossed as female, conditions polyembryony, heterofertilization and seed defectiveness (Kermicle, 1971). The structure of the mature embryo sacs of ig/ig plants differs from that found in normal (Ig/Ig) plants in several respects: (1) Normal plants have one micropylar cell (egg) whereas 0 to 5 structurally similar cells occur in ig embryo sacs. (2) The central cell of ig embryo sacs sometimes is accompanied by one or two smaller central cells which may be dinucleate also but more commonly are uninucleate; Ig/Ig plants invariably produce embryo sacs with only one central cell. (3) The primary central cell of ig embryo sacs may have from one to six polar nuclei; normal sacs uniformly have two polar nuclei. (4) Some polar nuclei of ig are found scattered about the cell, whereas some are situated at the standard position near the apex of the egg opposite the micropyle. During double fertilization, only portion of micropylar and polar nuclei are functional. The unfertilized micropylar nuclei averaged 0.88 per ovule and unfertilized polar nuclei 0.75 per ovule. The latter include polar nuclei of extra central cells and those of primary central cell situated in regions other than the standard position.
Fibroblast growth factor stimulates bone formation Bone induction studied in rats (1989)

Implantation of demineralized bone matrix in rodents elicits a series of cellular events leading to the formation of new bone inside and adjacent to the implant. This process is believed to be initiated by an inductive protein present in bone matrix. It has been suggested that local growth factors may further regulate the process once it has been initiated. This investigation was designed to study the effect of adding a growth factor to the inductive implant. Pairs of demineralized rat femoral diaphyses were implanted intramuscularly in rats. The marrow canal of one implant in each pair was filled with a carboxymethyl cellulose gel containing 75 ng of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The other implant in each pair served as a control. It was either filled with the gel without FGF or left untreated. Bone formation was induced by all the implants after 3 weeks. The amount of mineralized tissue in the FGF-treated implants was 25 percent greater than in untreated controls. The carboxymethyl cellulose gel alone did not affect the bone yield.
Sequencing, De Novo Assembly and Annotation of the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Transcriptome (2014)

This report of the assembly and annotation of the transcriptome of L. decemlineata offers new insights into diapause-associated and insecticide-resistance-associated genes in this species and provides a foundation for comparative studies with other species of insects. The data will also open new avenues for researchers using L. decemlineata as a model species, and for pest management research. Our results provide the basis for performing future gene expression and functional analysis in L. decemlineata and improve our understanding of the biology of this invasive species at the molecular level.
Dengue 2 PDK-53 Virus as a Chimeric Carrier for Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Development (2003)

Attenuation markers of the candidate dengue 2 (D2) PDK-53 vaccine virus are encoded by mutations that reside outside of the structural gene region of the genome. We engineered nine dengue virus chimeras containing the premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes of wild-type D1 16007, D3 16562, or D4 1036 virus within the genetic backgrounds of wild-type D2 16681 virus and the two genetic variants (PDK53-E and PDK53-V) of the D2 PDK-53 vaccine virus. Expression of the heterologous prM-E genes in the genetic backgrounds of the two D2 PDK-53 variants, but not that of wild-type D2 16681 virus, resulted in chimeric viruses that retained PDK-53 characteristic phenotypic markers of attenuation, including small plaque size and temperature sensitivity in LLC-MK(2) cells, limited replication in C6/36 cells, and lack of neurovirulence in newborn ICR mice. Chimeric D2/1, D2/3, and D2/4 viruses replicated efficiently in Vero cells and were immunogenic in AG129 mice. Chimeric D2/1 viruses protected adult AG129 mice against lethal D1 virus challenge. Two tetravalent virus formulations, comprised of either PDK53-E- or PDK53-V-vectored viruses, elicited neutralizing antibody titers in mice against all four dengue serotypes. These antibody titers were similar to the titers elicited by monovalent immunizations, suggesting that viral interference did not occur in recipients of the tetravalent formulations. The results of this study demonstrate that the unique attenuation loci of D2 PDK-53 virus make it an attractive vector for the development of live attenuated flavivirus vaccines.
Classification of device behaviour in internet of things infrastructures (2017)

Increasingly, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are being woven into the fabric of our physical world. With this rapidly expanding pervasive deployment of IoT devices, and supporting infrastructure, we are fast approaching the point where the problem of IoT based cyber-security attacks is a serious threat to industrial operations, business activity and social interactions that leverage IoT technologies. The number of threats and successful attacks against connected systems using IoT devices and services are increasing. The Internet of Things has several characteristics that present technological challenges to traditional cyber-security techniques. The Internet of Things requires a novel and dynamic security paradigm.\nThis paper describes the challenges of securing the Internet of Things. A discussion detailing the state-of-the-art of IoT security is presented. A novel approach to security detection using streaming data analytics to classify and detect security threats in their early stages is proposed. Implementation methodologies and results of ongoing work to realise this new IoT cyber-security technique for threat detection are presented.
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of regionally ischemic canine hearts: effect of paramagnetic proton signal enhancement. (1982)

In a study to evaluate the potential of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging with and without manganese contrast with and without manganese contrast enhancement for detecting acute myocardial infarction, 12 dogs underwent 90-minute occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery. Transverse-section NMR images of the excised, nonbeating heart were obtained at 1-cm intervals using the steady-state-free-precession (SSFP) technique. All NMR images revealed detailed structure of the heart. The three hearts without manganese showed no difference in intensity between the normal and the ischemic posterior regions, whereas those with manganese demonstrated a clearly demarcated zone of reduced signal intensity consistent with the ischemic zone. It is concluded that high-resolution tomograms of the excised canine myocardium can be obtained using proton NMR imaging. With the SSFP imaging technique, proton signal enhancement with manganese infusion is necessary to differentiate between ischemic and nonischemic myocardium after 90 minutes of coronary occlusion.