gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vector-Capping: A Simple Method for Preparing a High-Quality Full-Length cDNA Library (2005)

Full-length cDNAs play an essential role in identifying genes and determining their promoter regions. Here we describe a simple method for constructing a full-length cDNA library, which has the following advantages: (i) it consists of only three steps including direct ligation between a vector and a cDNA strand using T4 RNA ligase, (ii) it contains neither a PCR process generating mutations nor restriction enzyme treatment causing truncation of cDNA, (iii) the intactness of cDNA is assured due to the presence of an additional dGMP at its 5' end, (iv) approximately 95% of cDNA clones are full-length when cultured cells or fresh tissues are used, (v) several micrograms of total RNA without mRNA purification is sufficient for preparation of a library containing >10(5) independent clones, and (vi) a long-sized full-length cDNA up to 9.5 kbp can be cloned. This method will accelerate comprehensive gene analysis in a variety of eukaryotes.
Human High Molecular Weight-Melanoma-Associated Antigen (HMW-MAA): A Melanoma Cell Surface Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan (MSCP) with Biological and Clinical Significance (2004)

The lack of effective conventional therapies for the treatment of advanced stage melanoma has stimulated interest in the application of novel strategies for the treatment of patients with malignant melanoma. Because of its expression in a large percentage of melanoma lesions and its restricted distribution in normal tissues, the high molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA), also known as the melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP), has been used to implement immunotherapy of melanoma. The potential clinical relevance of HMW-MAA/MCSP has stimulated investigations to characterize its structural properties and biological function in melanoma cells. Over the last 10 years, the field of HMW-MAA/MCSP research has seen tremendous growth. Specifically, a significant amount of information has been accumulated regarding (1) the structural characteristics of the HMW-MAA/MCSP, (2) its role in the biology of melanoma cells, and (3) the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the association between HMW-MAA/MCSP-specific immunity and survival prolongation in melanoma patients immunized with HMW-MAA/MCSP mimics. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of the HMW-MAA/MCSP in terms of its structure, antigenic profile, tissue distribution, and similarities with its counterparts in other animal species. Additionally, we discuss the role the HMW-MAA/MCSP plays in melanoma cell biology with emphasis on the recently identified signal transduction pathways triggered by the HMW-MAA/MCSP. Finally, we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of anti-HMW-MAA/MCSP antibodies on the clinical course of the disease in patients with melanoma.
Physical Properties of Organosilicon Compounds. III. Thermodynamic Properties of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysical Properties of Organosilicon Compounds. III. Thermodynamic Properties of OctamethylcyclotetrasiloxaneRobert C. Osthoff and W. T. GrubbCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 2, 399–401Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01631a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01631a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Potentially Cytoactive Amino Acid Amide Mustards1a (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Potentially Cytoactive Amino Acid Amide Mustards1aHarold Z. Sommer, Charles Scher, Shlomo Bien, Gert Olsen, Jiban K. Chakrabarti, and Orrie M. FriedmanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1966, 9, 1, 84–88Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00319a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00319a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transport of Nanoparticles Across the Rat Nasal Mucosa (2001)

The transport of 125I-radiolabelled latex nanoparticles across the nasal mucosa of rats was studied using a range of particle sizes and surface coatings. Translocation of the particles into the blood stream was examined by means of monitoring the radiolabel associated with the particles. Particles were detected in the blood after 5 minutes. The number of particles in the blood peaked at 60 minutes, and then remained constant for a further 2 hours. The smallest particles (20 nm) showed greater uptake than the largest particles investigated (1000 nm). The total maximum uptake seen for the smallest particles was in the order of 3.25% of administered dose. 100 nm particles coated with chitosan showed an increase in both the extent and rate of uptake, with the concentration in the blood peaking at 15 minutes rather than at 60 minutes. It is suggested that transport of the particles across the nasal membrane is due mainly to a transcellular transport mechanisms by the nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), especially the M-cell like cells. However, some paracellular transport cannot totally be ruled out for the smallest particles, especially if coated with chitosan.
Purification and Characterization of Cutinase fromVenturia inaequalis (1989)

K61ler, W., and Parker, D. M. 1989. Purification and characterization of cutinase from Venturia inaequalis. Phytopathology 79:278-283. Venturia inaequalis was grown in a culture medium containing purified cutinase from V. inaequalis is optimal at a pH of 6 and thus different from apple cutin as the sole carbon source. After 8 wk of growth an esterase was the alkaline pH-optimum reported for other purified cutinases. The isolated from the culture fluid and purified to apparent homogeneity. The hydrolysis of the model esterp-nitrophenyl butyrate was less affected by the enzyme hydrolyzed tritiated cutin and thus was identified as cutinase. The pH. The esterase activity was strongly inhibited by diisopropyl purified cutinase is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 21-23 kg/ mol, fluorophosphate, and the phosphorylation of one serine was sufficient for as determined by various procedures. Remarkable structural features are a complete inhibition. Thus, cutinase from V. inaequalis belongs to the class high content of glycine, a high content of nonpolar amino acids, two of serine hydrolases, a characterisitic shared with other fungal cutinases. disulfide bridges, and a high degree of hydrophobicity. Cutin hydrolysis by
Novel Agents for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer (2014)

Metastatic pancreatic cancer continues to be a difficult disease to treat because of its aggressive nature, advanced stage at presentation and lack of treatment options. There is a need for the development of new agents directed against novel targets to improve outcomes for these patients. At the 2014 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium phase I/II trials provided information on three novel strategies for treating metastatic pancreatic cancer. Immunotherapy in the form of a vaccine (GVAX) followed with an immune stimulator (CRS-207) showed extended survival (Abstract #177). A monoclonal antibody (NEO-102) targeting MUC5AC also showed activity and was well tolerated (Abstract #243). A heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor (ganetespib) showed modest effects but was well tolerated making it available for use with conventional chemotherapy (Abstract #297). The details of these presentations will be discussed.
Technology for high-performance n-channel SiGe modulation-doped field-effect transistors (1995)

A fabrication process for n-channel SiGe modulation-doped field-effect transistors has been developed in which the strain in the heterostructure is completely preserved by taking into account an appropriate temperature range for the formation of ohmic contacts to source drain by implantation. It yields a low specific contact resistance of 7.1×10−5 Ω cm2 to be compared to 5.7×10−2 Ω cm2 for alloyed Au/Sb contacts. With the same thermal upper limit the application of different gate oxides has been studied. All oxides show negligible gate leakage enabling a superior gate voltage swing compared to devices with a Schottky gate. Application of thermal oxide grown at 650 °C yields a superior field-effector transistor performance compared to devices with sputter and plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition deposited oxides due to its lower and negative charge level. Gate recessing of 0.5 μm Schottky gates yields a transconductance increase up to 310 mS/mm.
The gluten proteins (2004)

Biotechnology, Transcriptomics and Proteomics Genetics and Quality Environmental Effects Gluten Rheology and Functionality Gluten Polymers and Tools to Investigate their Structure Gluten Interactions with Exogenous and Endogenous Components Nutritional Aspects, Intolerances and Allergies Modifications Due to Parasite Attacks Non-Food Uses Non-Gluten Components Author Index Subject Index
trans-[RuCl2(phosphane)2(1,2-diamine)] and Chiraltrans-[RuCl2(diphosphane)(1,2-diamine)]: Shelf-Stable Precatalysts for the Rapid, Productive, and Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Ketones (1998)

A turnover number (TON) of 2 400 000 and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 63 s<sup>-1</sup> are achieved with the chiral Ru<sup>II</sup> complex 1 (R=p-CH<sub>3</sub> C<sub>6</sub> H<sub>4</sub> ) in the asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone. Carbonyl-selective asymmetric hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated ketones proceeds in the presence of these Ru<sup>II</sup> catalysts, and 4-substituted cyclohexanones are selectively converted into cis alcohols.
Fluorescence Ratiometric Sensor for Trace Vapor Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide (2014)

Trace vapor detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) represents a practical approach to nondestructive detection of peroxide-based explosives, including liquid mixtures of H2O2 and fuels and energetic peroxide derivatives, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP), diacetone diperoxide (DADP), and hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD). Development of a simple chemical sensor system that responds to H2O2 vapor with high reliability and sufficient sensitivity (reactivity) remains a challenge. We report a fluorescence ratiometric sensor molecule, diethyl 2,5-bis((((4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)terephthalate (DAT-B), for H2O2 that can be fabricated into an expedient, reliable, and sensitive sensor system suitable for trace vapor detection of H2O2. DAT-B is fluorescent in the blue region, with an emission maximum at 500 nm in the solid state. Upon reaction with H2O2, DAT-B is converted to an electronic "push-pull" structure, diethyl 2,5-diaminoterephthalate (DAT-N), which has an emission peak at a longer wavelength centered at 574 nm. Such H2O2-mediated oxidation of aryl boronates can be accelerated through the addition of an organic base such as tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH), resulting in a response time of less than 0.5 s under 1 ppm of H2O2 vapor. The strong overlap between the absorption band of DAT-N and the emission band of DAT-B enables efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), thus allowing further enhancement of the sensing efficiency of H2O2 vapor. The detection limit of a drop-cast DAT-B/TBAH film was projected to be 7.7 ppb. By combining high sensitivity and selectivity, the reported sensor system may find broad application in vapor detection of peroxide-based explosives and relevant chemical reagents through its fabrication into easy-to-use, cost-effective kits.
Proteomic Analysis of O-GlcNAc Modifications Derived from Streptozotocin and Glucosamine Induced β-cell Apoptosis (2007)

The post-translational modifications of Ser and Thr residues by O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), i.e., O-GlcNAcylation, is considered a key means of regulating signaling, in a manner analogous to protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the increased flux of glucose through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) stimulates O-GlcNAcylation, and that this may be responsible for many of the manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To determine whether excessive O-GlcNAcylation of target proteins results in pancreatic beta cell dysfunction, we increased nucleocytoplasmic protein O-GlcNAcylation levels in beta cells by exposing them to streptozotocin and/or glucosamine. Streptozotocin and glucosamine co-treatment increased OGlcNAcylated proteomic patterns as assessed by immunoblotting, and these increases in nuclear and cytoplasmic protein O-GlcNAcylations were accompanied by impaired insulin secretion and enhanced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells. This observed beta cell dysfunction prompted us to examine Akt and Bcl-2 family member proteins to determine which proteins are O-GlcNAcylated under conditions of high HBP throughput, and how these proteins are associated with beta cell apoptosis. Eventually, we identified ten new O-GlcNAcylated proteins that were expressed during beta cell apoptosis, and analyzed the functional implications of these proteins in relation to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction.
Policy-based management for IP networks (2002)

Internet protocol (IP) networks have become powerful business tools. We have entered an age in which enterprises consider their networks to be as important as conventional utilities such as electricity and the telephone. The unparalleled and rapid ascent of the IP network to the status of a crucial business resource has resulted in an ad hoc approach to the development of networking systems. Network management is piecemeal at best, and interoperability often remains a significant challenge. As networks become more complex, we are beginning to see that simplifying network management is the gating factor to the growth of networks. This paper explores the historical approach to managing a network infrastructure, outlines current industry direction, and contrasts conventional approaches with a new, more cohesive approach that turns networks into unified, cooperative systems delivering services in a controlled and predictable manner.
Incidence and outcome of pauci‐immune rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in Wessex, UK: a 10‐year retrospective study (2000)

This study, looking at a large cohort, has established the incidence and outcome of ANCA +ve and ANCA -ve RPGN in a defined stable population. It stresses the similarities between ANCA +ve and ANCA -ve cases and supports the notion that pauci-immune RPGN is part of a continuum of vasculitic illness. In this series transplantation is a safe option.
The Expression of T Cell Related Costimulatory Molecules in Multiple Myeloma (1998)

Presentation of tumour antigen by malignant cells not expressing costimulatory molecules is considered to be a major cause of the failure of the host's immune response against tumours. This study has determined the expression of the B7 family of costimulatory molecules on malignant plasma cells and the expression of the counter receptor molecules, CD28 and CD152 (CTLA-4), on T cells of patients with multiple myeloma. CD28 expression was present on most CD4 cells but was lower on CD8 cells especially from those patients who also showed evidence of expanded T cell clones (median 40%. z=2.4; p<0.02). CD152 expression was increased in 50% (9/18) of patients with myeloma. CD80 (B7-1) expression was present on the plasma cells of only 1 of 27 samples but CD86 (B7-2) expression within the normal range was present on the plasma cells of 14 of 27 samples. Primitive plasma cells (CD38++ CD45++) had a higher expression of CD86 (median 78%) than mature plasma cells (CD38++ CD45-) (median 19%, z=3.7; p<0.01). Thus patients with expanded T cell clones have a downregulated T cell CD28 expression and lack B7-1 expression on their malignant plasma cells. These results are consistent with the concept that engagement of the T cell receptor by tumour antigen on B7-1 deficient malignant plasma cells would result in T cell anergy rather than productive immunity.
Biochemistry of exercise and training (1997)

Preface. 1: Physiology and biochemistry of skeletal muscle and exercise. 2: Purine nucleotides and phosphocreatine. 3: Carbohydrate metabolism. 4: Lipid metabolism. 5: Protein and amino acid metabolism. 6: Metabolic responses to high intensity exercise. 7: Metabolic responses to prolonged exercise. 8: Metabolic adaptations to training. Appendix 1 - Chemical structures and bonding. Appendix 2 - Enzyme kinetics and the regulation of reactions. Appendix 3 - Chemical buffers and the control of acid-base status. Glossary
Visualizing a Hybridized PNA Probe on a DNA Molecule with Near-Field Optical Microscopy (2004)

We have visualized hybridized-peptide nucleic acid (PNA) on a stretched DNA strand using scanning near-field optical/atomic force microscopy (SNOM/AFM) in an effort toward investigating the possibility of discriminating continuous DNA sequences on the scale of a few tens of nanometers. A λ-DNA molecule and a self-designed PNA probe were used for the model experiment. A 15-mer PNA probe was designed to hybridize to the top part of the ea47 gene within the λ-DNA molecule. Whole DNA molecules were stained using YOYO-1, and the PNA probe was labeled with an Alexa 532 pigment. Whole DNA molecules were visualized by the fluorescence of YOYO-1 or by topography, and the PNA probe was visualized by the fluorescence of Alexa 532. The full width half-maximum achieved by the near-field fluorescence image was 13 nm at the optimum, and topographic images were concomitantly obtained. The technique drastically overcomes the resolution limit of conventional fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques achieved by far-field optical microscopy and enables direct gene mapping at a resolution in the tens of nanometers range.
An analytical model of strain isolation for stretchable and flexible electronics (2011)

One important aspect of stretchable electronics design is to shield the active devices from strains through insertion of a soft layer between devices and substrate. An analytical model is established, which gives linear dependence of strain isolation on the reciprocal of strain-isolation layer thickness, and the reciprocal of device and substrate stiffness. Strain isolation is also linearly proportional to the shear modulus of strain-isolation layer and square of device length.
T-cell aging in rheumatoid arthritis (2013)

Gain-of-function and loss-of-function in senescent T cells undermine protective immunity and create the conditions for chronic tissue inflammation, a combination typically encountered in RA. Genetic programs involved in T-cell signaling and DNA repair are of high interest in the search for underlying molecular defects.
Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms: Emerging Brain Food for the Mitigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases (2017)

There is an exponential increase in dementia in old age at a global level because of increasing life expectancy. The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) will continue to rise steadily, and is expected to reach 42 million cases worldwide in 2020. Despite the advancement of medication, the management of these diseases remains largely ineffective. Therefore, it is vital to explore novel nature-based nutraceuticals to mitigate AD and other age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Mushrooms and their extracts appear to hold many health benefits, including immune-modulating effects. A number of edible mushrooms have been shown to contain rare and exotic compounds that exhibit positive effects on brain cells both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize the scientific information on edible and culinary mushrooms with regard to their antidementia/AD active compounds and/or pharmacological test results. The bioactive components in these mushrooms and the underlying mechanism of their activities are discussed. In short, these mushrooms may be regarded as functional foods for the mitigation of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collective Knowledge Composition in a P2P Network (2005)

Today’s data and information management tools enable massive accumulation and storage of knowledge that is produced through scientific advancements, personal and corporate experiences, communications, interactions, and so forth. In addition, the increase in the volume of this data and knowledge continues to accelerate. The willingness and the ability to share and use this information are key factors for realizing the full potential of this knowledge scattered over many distributed computing devices and human beings. By correlating these isolated islands of knowledge, individuals can gain new insights, discover new relations (Sheth, Arpinar &amp; Kashyap, 2003), and produce more knowledge. Despite the abundance of information, knowledge starvation still exists because most of the information cannot be used effectively for decision-making and problem-solving purposes. This is in part due to the lack of easy to use knowledge sharing and collective discovery mechanisms. Thus, there is an emerging need for knowledge tools that will enable users to collectively create, share, browse, and query their knowledge.