gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by nitric oxide-generating compounds (1993)

Recent work in this laboratory has identified immune-stimulatory properties of the oxidant hemin. In this study, we examined whether the nitrogen-based oxidant nitric oxide (NO) had inductive effects on human lymphocytes. We found that the NO-generating compounds sodium nitroprusside and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine rapidly enhanced the rate of glucose transport in resting human PBMC. In addition, NF-kappa B binding activity was induced by these agents as was the secretion of TNF-alpha. The data suggest that a cGMP-independent mechanism is involved as the cell permeant cGMP analogue, 8-Br-cGMP, had no effect in eliciting these inductive events. Activation of lymphocytes by these NO-generating compounds may be mediated through the protein tyrosine phosphorylation signal transduction pathway. We found that membrane-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity was enhanced in PBMC treated with sodium nitroprusside or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine and that the src family protein tyrosine kinase p56lck was activated in these cells. Inasmuch as p56lck activity is negatively controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation, its activation may be related to the enhancement of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. 8-Br-cGMP had no effect on these enzymes. Taken together, these data suggest that NO may have immune-stimulatory properties and may signal through a hitherto undescribed cGMP-independent pathway.
CsPbX3 Quantum Dots for Lighting and Displays: Room‐Temperature Synthesis, Photoluminescence Superiorities, Underlying Origins and White Light‐Emitting Diodes (2016)

Recently, Kovalenko and co‐workers and Li and co‐workers developed CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) inorganic perovskite quantum dots (IPQDs), which exhibited ultrahigh photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QYs), low‐threshold lasing, and multicolor electroluminescence. However, the usual synthesis needs high temperature, inert gas protection, and localized injection operation, which are severely against applications. Moreover, the so unexpectedly high QYs are very confusing. Here, for the first time, the IPQDs' room‐temperature (RT) synthesis, superior PL, underlying origins and potentials in lighting and displays are reported. The synthesis is designed according to supersaturated recrystallization (SR), which is operated at RT, within few seconds, free from inert gas and injection operation. Although formed at RT, IPQDs' PLs have QYs of 80%, 95%, 70%, and FWHMs of 35, 20, and 18 nm for red, green, and blue emissions. As to the origins, the observed 40 meV exciton binding energy, halogen self‐passivation effect, and CsPbX 3 @X quantum‐well band alignment are proposed to guarantee the excitons generation and high‐rate radiative recombination at RT. Moreover, such superior optical merits endow them with promising potentials in lighting and displays, which are primarily demonstrated by the white light‐emitting diodes with tunable color temperature and wide color gamut.
A tyrosinase peptide presented by HLA-B35 is recognized on a human melanoma by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1999)

We previously described different cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones isolated from the blood lymphocytes of a melanoma patient after in vitro stimulation with autologous tumor cells. These CTL clones recognized at least 2 distinct antigens on the melanoma cells. Here, we show that one of them consists of a peptide derived from tyrosinase and presented by HLA-B35. The peptide is 9 amino acids long and has the sequence LPSSADVEF. It can be presented by the 2 major B35 allelic subtypes, B*3501 and B*3503. As HLA-B35 is one of the most frequent HLA-B specificities, being present in about 20% of Caucasian individuals, it may be a useful target for peptide-based immunotherapy of melanoma.
Practical colour constancy (1999)

The ability of a vision system to diminish, or in the ideal case, remove, the effect of the illumination, and therefore “see” the physical scene more precisely, is called colour constancy. Interest in human vision, as well as robotics and image reproduction applications, has led to much research into computational methods to achieve colour constancy. In order to serve the needs of the proposed applications, it is necessary to develop and test computational colour constancy algorithms for real image data. This practical development of computational colour constancy is the focus of this work. 
In order to study and to use computational models for real image data, it is necessary to develop a model of the physical characteristics of the vision system of interest. 
The next part of this study is the comprehensive testing of current colour constancy algorithms. The results from this study, as well as the testing paradigm that was developed, provide a foundation for the rest of the work, which specifically sets out to improve computational colour constancy on image data. 
The first area studied to improve computational colour constancy is the sensor sharpening method of Finlayson et al. In this work, I set out to test the degree to which sensor sharpening can help current colour constancy algorithms. I find that the current sharpening methods do not address the needs of this domain, and thus as part of this work, I propose a pragmatic new sharpening method. 
I then propose several improvements to variants of Forsyth's CRULE algorithm. The first is a new method of choosing a solution from the feasible set. The second reduces the reliance of the method on the diagonal model. This method enables CRULE to be extended to work with fluorescent surfaces, and is the first algorithm to deal with such input.
A third modification to gamut mapping algorithms proposed in this work allows them to use specularities to an advantage. Specularities have long been put to use by colour constancy algorithms, but existing algorithms that use specular information are limited in that they require such information to be present. The method presented here combines the use of specular and non-specular information. 
Another algorithm chosen for close study is Finlayson et al.'s chromaticity based Colour by Correlation method. This method is attractive because, unlike the CRULE derivatives, it can take advantage of statistical information about the world. However, the comparison work done as part of this thesis indicates that the pixel brightness is also a very important source of information. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Sequence‐imposed structural constraints in the TonB protein of E. coli (1986)

The solution conformation of a 33-residue peptide segment, derived from the TonB protein which is implicated in bacterial membrane transport processes, has been investigated using high-resolution proton magnetic resonance techniques. This proline-rich peptide possesses sequence-imposed sections of elongated secondary structure that must be retained in the native protein configuration. These structural constraints provide elements of stiffness that imply a purely structural role for TonB and are relevant to the subcellular location and biological role of the protein. On the basis of these data we suggest that this protein spans the periplasmic space, linking the inner and outer membrane components of TonB-dependent transport systems.
Getting Ready for Success: May Alignment Be of Help? (2007)

What is the role of organizational readiness and IT business alignment in the adoption process of an ITsupported interorganizational linkage (IOL)?In this paper, we claim that achieving a proper level of organizational readiness is crucial for the successful adoption of IOL.We thus focus on intraorganizational factors that potentially impact the effectiveness of preparatory activities towards getting ready for the adoption and implementation of an IOL.By drawing upon results from alignment and adoption of innovations literatures, we develop and theoretically underpin a model that illustrates the moderating impact of IT business alignment on the initiation and implementation stages of the IOL adoption process.
Nicotine induces cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in a variety of human cancer cell lines (2008)

Cigarette smoking is strongly correlated with the onset of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nicotine, an active component of cigarettes, has been found to induce proliferation of lung cancer cell lines. In addition, nicotine can induce angiogenesis and confer resistance to apoptosis. All these events are mediated through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on lung cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrate that nicotine can promote anchorage-independent growth in NSCLCs. In addition, nicotine also induces morphological changes characteristic of a migratory, invasive phenotype in NSCLCs on collagen gel. These morphological changes were similar to those induced by the promigratory growth factor VEGF. The proinvasive effects of nicotine were mediated by alpha7-nAChRs on NSCLCs. RT-PCR analysis showed that the alpha7-nAChRs were also expressed on human breast cancer and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Nicotine was found to promote proliferation and invasion in human breast cancer. The proinvasive effects of nicotine were mediated via a nAChR, Src and calcium-dependent signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. In a similar fashion, nicotine could also induce proliferation and invasion of Aspc1 pancreatic cancer cells. Most importantly, nicotine could induce changes in gene expression consistent with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by reduction of epithelial markers like E-cadherin expression, ZO-1 staining and concomitant increase in levels of mesenchymal proteins like vimentin and fibronectin in human breast and lung cancer cells. Therefore, it is probable that the ability of nicotine to induce invasion and EMT may contribute to the progression of breast and lung cancers.
Identification of O-linked N-Acetylglucosamine Proteins in Rat Skeletal Muscle Using Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry (2004)

O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAc) is a regulatory post-translational modification of nucleo-cytoplasmic proteins that has a complex interplay with phosphorylation. O-GlcNAc has been described as a nutritional sensor, the level of UDP-GlcNAc that serves as a donor for the uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase being regulated by the cellular fate of glucose. Because muscular contraction is both dependent on glucose metabolism and is highly regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes, we decided to investigate the identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins in skeletal muscle using a proteomic approach. Fourteen proteins were identified as being O-GlcNAc modified. These proteins can be classified in three main classes: i) proteins implicated in the signal transduction and in the translocation between the cytoplasm and the nucleus or structural proteins, ii) proteins of the glycolytic pathway and energetic metabolism, and iii) contractile proteins (myosin heavy chain). A decrease in the O-GlcNAc level was measured in the slow postural soleus muscle after 14-day hindlimb unloading, a model of functional atrophy characterized by a decrease in the force of contraction. These results strongly suggest that O-GlcNAc modification may serve as an important regulation system in skeletal muscle physiology.
Directed assembly of asymmetric ternary block copolymer-homopolymer blends using symmetric block copolymer into checkerboard trimming chemical pattern (2008)

Here, the authors studied the directed assembly of the asymmetric ternary blends, composed of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer (PS-b-PMMA) and the corresponding PS and PMMA homopolymers, on a checkerboard chemical pattern which was fabricated by e-beam lithography, controlling the periodicity (LS), length (D), and spacing of the exposed lines or dashed lines in the chemical pattern. The checkerboard chemical pattern, which cannot be generated with typical self-assembled block copolymer morphologies, consists of either offset, parallel, dashed lines, or alternating lines and dashed lines, and is used in the fabrication of dynamic random access memory. The degree of perfection and domain uniformity of the assembled block copolymer thin films on the complex pattern were a function of the commensurability of the volume fraction of PS in the blend (ϕS) with the fraction of area on the pattern wet by PS (FS), as well as the volume fraction of homopolymer in the blend (ϕH). The best assembly occurred ϕS and FS were commensurate, and ϕH was optimized for the given blend and pattern.
Procoagulant Activity in Trauma Patients (2010)

Elevated levels of circulating procoagulants like tissue factor may increase the risk of systemic coagulation activation, thrombin generation, and consumptive coagulopathy. I measured procoagulant activity in plasma by using a clot-based assay that incorporated normal plasma to replace missing factors, corn trypsin inhibitor to block contact activation, factor VIIa to improve sensitivity to tissue factor activity, and anti-tissue factor antibodies to measure tissue factor-specific activity. Procoagulant activity was evaluated in 58 trauma patients. Trauma patients without coagulopathy (n = 50) showed 5-fold higher procoagulant activity than did control subjects (P < .001), whereas trauma patients with coagulopathy (n = 8) showed 10-fold higher activity than control subjects (P < .001) and 2-fold higher activity than trauma patients without coagulopathy (P = .03). In control subjects, tissue factor activity was below the detection limit of the assay. Tissue factor activity was 3- to 4-fold higher in trauma patients with coagulopathy vs patients without coagulopathy (P = .002). Trauma patients with coagulopathy have increased circulating tissue factor activity.
Burst Mode Memories Improve Cache Design (1991)

Burst mode memories improve cache design by improving refill time on cache misses. Burst mode RAMs allow refill of a four word cache line in five clock cycles at 50 mHz rather than the eight clock cycles that would be required for a conventional SRAM. Burst mode RAMs also have clock synchronous interfaces which make them easier to design into systems, particularly at clock rates of 25 mHz and above.
Computer Synthesis of Speech by Concatenation of Formant-Coded Words (1971)

Speech signals can be described in terms of the resonances of the vocal tract. These resonances, or formants, change at rates comparable to the motions of the vocal tract. They therefore can be sampled and quantized to low bit-rates, and hence constitute an economical form for digital storage of speech information. Formant coding also permits flexible arrangement of speech elements into various contexts. This report describes a computer technique for synthesizing continuous messages by concatenating formant data for word-length utterances. The stored data for the synthesis corresponds to a bit-rate of 533 b/s. A Honeywell DDP-516 computer is used to experimentally evaluate a voice response system. In an initial application, the system is used to synthesize 7-digit telephone numbers. To assess the synthesis an interactive dialing experiment, also conducted by the computer, is described. The results show the synthesized numbers to be comparable in communicative effectiveness to naturally spoken digits.
Accuracy, Safety, and Reliability of Novel Phase I Trial Designs (2018)

A number of novel model-based and model-assisted designs have been proposed to find the MTD in phase I clinical trials, but their differences and relative pros and cons are not clear to many practitioners. We review three model-based designs, including the continual reassessment method (CRM), dose escalation with overdose control (EWOC), and Bayesian logistic regression model (BLRM), and three model-assisted designs, including the modified toxicity probability interval (mTPI), Bayesian optimal interval (BOIN), and keyboard (equivalently mTPI-2) designs. We conduct numerical studies to assess their accuracy, safety, and reliability and the practical implications of various empirical rules used in some designs, such as skipping a dose and imposing overdose control. Our results show that the CRM outperforms EWOC and BLRM with higher accuracy of identifying the MTD. For the CRM, skipping a dose is not recommended, as it substantially increases the chance of overdosing patients while providing limited gain for identifying the MTD. EWOC and BLRM appear excessively conservative. They are safe but have relatively poor accuracy of finding the MTD. The BOIN and keyboard (equivalently mTPI-2) designs have similar operating characteristics, outperforming the mTPI, but the BOIN is more intuitive and transparent. The BOIN yields competitive performance comparable with the CRM but is simpler to implement and free of the issue of irrational dose assignment caused by model misspecification, thereby providing an attractive approach for designing phase I trials. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4357-64. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Enhancement of Viability of Fat Grafts in Nude Mice by Endothelial Progenitor Cells (2006)

BACKGROUND A recent discovery showed that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) could augment collateral vessel growth to ischemic tissues. OBJECTIVE The objective was to demonstrate the effects of EPCs on the vasculogenesis and survival of free transplanted fat tissues in nude mice. METHODS EPCs from human donors were cultured in vitro for 7 days. Human fat tissues were injected subcutaneously into the scalps of 20 6-week-old nude male mice. EPCs stained with CM-DiI were mixed with the transplanted fat tissues and injected into the mice. EBM-2 medium was used as control group. The animals were euthanized 15 weeks after the procedure. Graft volume were measured, and histologic evaluation was performed. The central part of fat tissues was histologically evaluated 15 weeks after the fat injection. RESULTS The survival volume of the experimental group was significantly greater than that of the control group (p< .05). Less cyst formation and fibrosis was obtained in the experimental group. Histologic evaluation of the central part of fat tissues 15 weeks after the fat injection showed that capillary densities increased markedly in the experimental group mice. CONCLUSION The results indicate that EPCs have the ability to enhance the survival and the quality of the transplanted fat tissues.
Fertility preservation options in women with endometriosis. (2013)

Endometriosis is a common, chronic condition in reproductive age women. Although some women may be asymptomatic, most women present with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain and/or infertility. Despite the fact that a causal relationship between endometriosis and infertility has not been clearly established, the fecundity rate of untreated women with endometriosis is lower than normal couples. However, suppressive medical therapy for endometriosis has not been shown to improve fecundity rates and may only result in a delay in the use of more effective treatments to achieve pregnancy. In the other hand, surgery for severe endometriosis can be useful to treat infertile women, but several studies reported a lower ovarian reserve after excision of ovarian endometriomas, due to incidental excision of normal ovarian tissue together with the endometrioma wall. Therefore, fertility preservation procedures should be considered to reproductive-age women at risk of impaired fertility related to endometriosis progression or endometriosis surgical treatment. The purpose of this document was to review the current literature regarding fertility preservation techniques for patients diagnosed with endometriosis.
Genomic organization and expression of two independent gene arrays coding for two antigenic acidic ribosomal proteins of Leishmania. (1993)

In the present paper we describe the isolation and characterization of four novel genes of the parasitic protozoan Leishmania infantum. These genes are organized as two independent gene clusters, and they are related by nucleotide sequence to eukaryotic genes encoding acidic ribosomal proteins. Each gene cluster contains two tandemly linked genes coding for identical proteins. Each of the proteins coded by the gene clusters (called LiP and LiP') are highly divergent in sequence, showing the characteristic features of eukaryotic P-proteins from the P2 group. In spite of the sequence conservation of the coding regions of each of the genes in the cluster, the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions are heterogeneous in sequence. The analysis of the expression of these genes indicates that logarithmic phase promastigotes show increased levels of LiP- and LiP'-specific transcripts compared with stationary phase promastigotes. The steady state RNA levels of the LiP and LiP' genes show a similar dependence of the growth phase of the parasite. Using specific probes for the divergent 3'-untranslated regions of each of the genes, it was found that the abundance of the mature transcripts is different even when the transcripts are derived from the same gene cluster. These findings probably indicate that the 3'-untranslated regions may influence the stability or turnover of the transcripts derived from both LiP and LiP' gene clusters.
Identification of a cyclic-AMP-responsive element within the rat somatostatin gene. (1986)

We have examined the regulation of somatostatin gene expression by cAMP in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells transfected with the rat somatostatin gene. Forskolin at 10 microM caused a 4-fold increase in somatostatin mRNA levels within 4 hr of treatment in stably transfected cells. Chimeric genes containing the somatostatin gene promoter fused to the bacterial reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase were also induced by cAMP in PC12 cells. To delineate the sequences required for response to cAMP, we constructed a series of promoter deletion mutants. Our studies defined a region between 60 and 29 base pairs upstream from the transcriptional initiation site that conferred cAMP responsiveness when placed adjacent to the simian virus 40 promoter. Within the cAMP-responsive element of the somatostatin gene, we observed an 8-base palindrome, 5'-TGACGTCA-3', which is highly conserved in many other genes whose expression is regulated by cAMP. cAMP responsiveness was greatly reduced when the somatostatin fusion genes were transfected into the mutant PC12 line A126-1B2, which is deficient in cAMP-dependent protein kinase 2. Our studies indicate that transcriptional regulation of the somatostatin gene by cAMP requires protein kinase 2 activity and may depend upon a highly conserved promoter element.