gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sodium Intake, Furosemide, and Infusion of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on the Urinary and Metabolic Clearances of Arginine Vasopressin in Normal Subjects* (1990)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) have important influences on water and electrolyte metabolism, and studies on the interactions between these hormones may have important implications. We have investigated the effects of sodium intake, furosemide, and infusion of ANP on the urinary and metabolic (nonurinary) clearances of AVP in hydrated normal subjects. On a high sodium diet there was an increase in urine volume, sodium excretion, osmolal clearance, plasma ANP concentration, and urinary clearance and fractional excretion of AVP, with a decrease in PRA. The infusion of furosemide increased urine volume, sodium excretion, osmolal clearance, and PRA, but decreased circulating ANP levels and urinary clearance and fractional excretion of AVP. Since there was a positive correlation between circulating ANP and urinary clearance of AVP in these experiments, we infused human aANP in physiological amounts and found increases in the urinary and metabolic (nonurinary) clearances of AVP. The changes in urinary clearance of AVP in all three experiments occurred even in relation to creatinine clearance. These observations demonstrate that urinary clearance of AVP does not correlate with urine volume, sodium or solute excretion, or PRA. The observations support a physiological role for ANP in modulating the renal action of AVP, probably at the level of the renal tubules, and indicate a need for caution when using plasma or urinary AVP as an indicator of AVP release from the neurohypophysis.
Review of the methods to form hydrogen peroxide in electrical discharge plasma with liquid water (2011)

This paper presents a review of the literature dealing with the formation of hydrogen peroxide from plasma processes. Energy yields for hydrogen peroxide generation by plasma from water span approximately three orders of magnitude from 4 × 10−2 to 80 g kWh−1. A wide range of plasma processes from rf to pulsed, ac, and dc discharges directly in the liquid phase have similar energy yields and may thus be limited by radical quenching processes at the plasma–liquid interface. Reactor modification using discharges in bubbles and discharges over the liquid phase can provide modest improvements in energy yield over direct discharge in the liquid, but the interpretation is complicated by additional chemical reactions of gas phase components such as ozone and nitrogen oxides. The highest efficiency plasma process utilizes liquid water droplets that may enhance efficiency by sequestering hydrogen peroxide in the liquid and by suppressing decomposition reactions by radicals from the gas and at the interface. Kinetic simulations of water vapor reported in the literature suggest that plasma generation of hydrogen peroxide should approach 45% of the thermodynamics limit, and this fact coupled with experimental studies demonstrating improvements with the presence of the condensed liquid phase suggest that further improvements in energy yield may be possible. Plasma generation of hydrogen peroxide directly from water compares favorably with a number of other methods including electron beam, ultrasound, electrochemical and photochemical methods, and other chemical processes.
Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adult Stem Cells From Bone Marrow Stroma (MSCs) (2004)

MSCs were plated at extremely low densities to generate single-cell derived colonies, and adipogenic differentiation of the colonies assayed by accumulation of fat vacuoles, time-lapse photomicroscopy, microarrays, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS About 30% of the colonies differentiated to adipocytes in 14 days and about 60% in 21 days. Cell proliferation was inhibited by approximately 50% in adipogenic medium. The differentiation occurred primarily at the center of the colonies, and a few adipocytes that formed near the periphery migrated toward the centers. RT-PCR assays demonstrated that the differentiation was accompanied by increases in a series of genes previously shown to increase with adipogenic differentiation: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha, acylCoA synthetase, lipoprotein lipase, and fatty acid binding protein 4. We also followed differentiation with microarray assays. Sixty-seven genes increased more than 10-fold at day 1 and 20-fold at day 7, 14, or 21. Many of the genes identified were previously shown to be expressed during adipocytic differentiation. However, others, such as zinc finger E-box binding protein and zinc finger protein 145, were not. This study should serve as a basis for future study to clarify the mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation of MSCs.
cAMP-dependent Mobilization of Intracellular Ca2+ Stores by Activation of Ryanodine Receptors in Pancreatic β-Cells (1999)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinally derived insulinotropic hormone currently under investigation for use as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In vitro studies of pancreatic islets of Langerhans demonstrated that GLP-1 interacts with specific beta-cell G protein-coupled receptors, thereby facilitating insulin exocytosis by raising intracellular levels of cAMP and Ca2+. Here we report that the stimulatory influence of GLP-1 on Ca2+ signaling results, in part, from cAMP-dependent mobilization of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ stores. Studies of human, rat, and mouse beta-cells demonstrate that the binding of a fluorescent derivative of ryanodine (BODIPY FL-X ryanodine) to its receptors is specific, reversible, and of high affinity. Rat islets and BTC3 insulinoma cells are shown by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses to express mRNA corresponding to the type 2 isoform of ryanodine receptor-intracellular Ca2+ release channel (RYR2). Single-cell measurements of [Ca2+]i using primary cultures of rat and human beta-cells indicate that GLP-1 facilitates Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR), whereby mobilization of Ca2+ stores is triggered by influx of Ca2+ through L-type Ca2+ channels. In these cells, GLP-1 is shown to interact with metabolism of D-glucose to produce a fast transient increase of [Ca2+]i. This effect is reproduced by 8-Br-cAMP, but is blocked by a GLP-1 receptor antagonist (exendin-(9-39)), a cAMP antagonist ((Rp)-cAMPS), an L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist (nimodipine), an antagonist of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (thapsigargin), or by ryanodine. Characterization of the CICR mechanism by voltage clamp analysis also demonstrates a stimulation of Ca2+ release by caffeine. These findings provide new support for a model of beta-cell signal transduction whereby GLP-1 promotes CICR by sensitizing intracellular Ca2+ release channels to the stimulatory influence of cytosolic Ca2+.
A comparison of oral midazolam, oral tramadol, and intranasal sufentanil premedication in pediatric patients (2007)

Intranasal sufentanil and oral midazolam are more appropriate premedication options than tramadol drops in children.
Nanoporous Silicon-Assisted Patterning of Monolayer MoS2 with Thermally Controlled Porosity: A Scalable Method for Diverse Applications (2018)

Nanoscale pore formation on chemical vapor deposition grown monolayer MoS2 is achieved using oxygen plasma etching through a nanoporous silicon mask, creating round pores of ∼70 nm in diameter. The microscale areas with high porosity were successfully patterned via the usage of silicon masks. Thermal annealing in air after the pore formation in the monolayers results in the gradual enlargement of the pores, providing an effective method of controlling edge-to-area ratio of MoS2 crystals. The photoluminescence of the nanoporous MoS2 exhibits rapid increase and blue-shift due to facile p-doping during the thermal annealing process compared to pristine MoS2. This method of fabricating porous transition metal dichalcogenide layers with controlled edge densities presents opportunities in various applications that require atomically thin nanomaterials with controlled pore density and edge sites, such as filtration, electrocatalysis, and sensing.
Repeated Family of Genes Controlling Maltose Fermentation in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (1983)

Maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces spp. requires the presence of any one of five unlinked genes: MAL1, MAL2, MAL3, MAL4, or MAL6. Although the genes are functionally equivalent, their natures and relationships to each other are not known. At least three proteins are necessary for maltose fermentation: maltase, maltose permease, and a regulatory protein. The MAL genes may code for one or more of these proteins. Recently a DNA fragment containing a maltase structural gene has been cloned from a MAL6 strain, CB11, to produce plasmid pMAL9-26. We have conducted genetic and physical analyses of strain CB11. The genetic analysis has demonstrated the presence of two cryptic MAL genes in CB11, MAL1g and MAL3g (linked to MAL1 and to MAL3, respectively), in addition to the MAL6 locus. The physical analysis, which used a subclone of plasmid pMAL9-26 as a probe, detected three HindIII genomic fragments with homology to the probe. Each fragment was shown to be linked to one of the MAL loci genetically demonstrated to be present in CB11. Our results indicate that the cloned maltase structural gene in plasmid pMAL9-26 is linked to MAL6. Since the MAL6 locus has previously been shown to contain a regulatory gene, the MAL6 locus must be a complex locus containing at least two of the factors needed for maltose fermentation: the structural gene for maltase and the maltase regulatory protein. The absence of other fragments which hybridize to the MAL6-derived probe shows that either MAL2 and MAL4 are not related to MAL6, or the DNA corresponding to these genes is absent from the MAL6 strain CB11.
Viper Venom Components Affecting Angiogenesis (2001)

Angiogenesis is a complex process consisting of the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells, and it is essential for the progression of malignant solid tumors. In this report, we examine the effects of disintegrins (e.g. rhodostomin and accutin) and glycoprotein-lb-binding proteins (e.g. agkistin) on each step in angiogenesis using in vitro and in vivo models. Rhodostomin (but not agkistin) inhibited the viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and capillary tube formation of HUVECs. Rhodostomin also inhibited HUVEC migration and invasion evoked by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In in vivo studies, rhodostomin inhibited bFGF-, but not vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF)- associated angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membrane model, blocked both bFGF and B16F10 melanoma cell-induced neovascularization, and suppressed the growth of subcutaneously inoculated B16F10 solid tumor, leading to a prolonged survival of the C57BL/6 mice treated with rhodostomin. The antiangiogenic effects of rhodostomin on bFGF-treated HUVECs may be mainly related to the blockade of the interaction of endothelial alpha(v)beta(3) and extracellular matrix.
Parthenogenetic activation of cattle follicular oocytes in vitro with ethanol (1987)

Cattle follicular oocytes cultured in vitro for 24-33 h were treated with ethanol to induce artificial activation. When oocytes were cultured for 27-33 h before ethanol treatment, 60-68% of oocytes were activated and were found to have a female pronucleus(ei). In contrast, maturation culture of oocytes for 24-26 h resulted in low activation rates (25-38%). The female pronucleus was formed in the activated oocytes within 8-10 h of incubation after ethanol treatment. And it became visible under interference-contrast microscope by centrifugation for 3 min at 15,000g and 10 min at 20,000g. These results indicate that ethanol treatment is effective for activation of cattle follicular oocytes and that the pronucleus formed in the activated oocyte can be visualized by centrifugation.
A review of gripping and manipulation techniques for micro-assembly applications (2005)

Abstract This paper provides a review of micro-assembly-related research activities and their findings. The assembly of micro-devices involves handling of parts that are extremely small (in the order of 10−6 m). Part designs, which are complex in shape and require the use of material of varying properties, cannot be manufactured using Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology; in such situations, assembly of micron-sized parts is necessary. Gripping techniques using micro-grippers and other manipulation/assembly tools are needed to accomplish micro-assembly tasks. The literature reviewed in this paper includes micro-gripping techniques and manipulation strategies, integrated micro-assembly systems design and implementation as well as computer-based approaches to aid in micro-assembly applications. Keywords: Micro-assemblyMicro-devicesMicronMicro-grippersManipulationRobots Acknowledgements Funding for the completion of the research review activities were obtained from the National Science Foundation (NSF grant No. 0230709) and from Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). Their assistance is gratefully acknowledged.
A novel inhibitor of fatty acid synthase shows activity against HER2+ breast cancer xenografts and is active in anti-HER2 drug-resistant cell lines (2011)

G28UCM inhibits fatty acid synthase (FASN) activity and the growth of breast carcinoma xenografts in vivo, and is active in cells with acquired resistance to anti-HER2 drugs, which make it a candidate for further pre-clinical development.
Studies on Polypeptides. XXXVI. The Effect of Pyrazole—Imidazole Replacements on the S-Protein Activating Potency of an S-Peptide Fragment1-3 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Polypeptides. XXXVI. The Effect of Pyrazole—Imidazole Replacements on the S-Protein Activating Potency of an S-Peptide Fragment1-3Klaus Hofmann and Hans BohnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 24, 5914–5919Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00976a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00976a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Construction of an Artificial Pathway for Isobutanol Biosynthesis in the Cytosol ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (2012)

To increase isobutanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the valine biosynthetic pathway was activated by overexpression of the relevant enzymes in the mitochondria and the cytosol. Native mitochondrial enzymes were overepxressed in the cytosol by deleting the mitochondrial transit peptides. The metabolically engineered S. cerevisiae possessing the cytosolic pathway showed increased isobutanol production (63 ± 4 mg/L).
Cyclic-di-GMP binding induces structural rearrangements in the PlzA and PlzC proteins of the Lyme disease and relapsing fever spirochetes: a possible switch mechanism for c-di-GMP-mediated effector functions (2016)

The c-di-GMP network of Borrelia burgdorferi, a causative agent of Lyme disease, consists of Rrp1, a diguanylate cyclase/response regulator; Hpk1, a histidine kinase; PdeA and PdeB, c-di-GMP phosphodiesterases; and PlzA, a PilZ domain c-di-GMP receptor. Borrelia hermsii, a causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever, possesses a putative c-di-GMP regulatory network that is uncharacterized. While B. burgdorferi requires c-di-GMP to survive within ticks, the associated effector mechanisms are poorly defined. Using site-directed mutagenesis, size exclusion chromatography, isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we investigate the interaction of c-di-GMP with the Borrelia PilZ domain-containing Plz proteins: B. burgdorferi PlzA and B. hermsii PlzC. The Plz proteins were determined to be monomeric in their apo and holo forms and to bind c-di-GMP with high affinity with a 1:1 stoichiometry. C-di-GMP binding induced structural rearrangements in PlzA and PlzC. C-di-GMP binding proved to be dependent on positive charge at R<sub>145</sub> of the PilZ domain motif, R<sub>145</sub>xxxR. Comparative sequence analyses led to the identification of Borrelia consensus sequences for the PilZ domain signature motifs. This study provides insight into c-di-GMP:Plz receptor interaction and identifies a possible switch mechanism that may regulate Plz protein effector functions.
A lymphoid cell surface glycoprotein involved in endothelial cell recognition and lymphocyte homing in man (1986)

We describe a 90-kDa lymphocyte surface glycoprotein, recognized by the monoclonal antibody Hermes-1, that is involved in endothelial cell recognition and lymphocyte trafficking in man. This molecule is selectively expressed on normal or transformed lymphoid cells that are able to recognize and bind to high endothelial venules (HEV, specialized vessels that mediate lymphocyte exit from the blood into lymphoid organs); appears to be linked to HEV recognition function since, in fluorescence-activated cell sorting of variants of a cloned cell line, HEV binding ability co-selects with the Hermes-1 antigen; bears the predominant cell surface epitopes recognized by heterologous anti-human lymphocyte antibodies able to interfere with lymphocyte binding to HEV; and is structurally similar to a previously described mouse lymphocyte surface receptor for HEV. These findings demonstrate that the molecule defined by Hermes-1 either functions as a specific lymphocyte surface receptor for HEV, or is both precisely coregulated and physically and/or functionally associated with such receptors. The expression of this putative receptor for HEV on normal human lymphocyte populations parallels, and thus presumably helps determine, their migratory status in vivo. Hermes-1 should be a powerful tool for analyzing the role of endothelial cell recognition in the traffic of normal and neoplastic human lymphocytes.
Microbial community gene expression in ocean surface waters (2008)

Metagenomics is expanding our knowledge of the gene content, functional significance, and genetic variability in natural microbial communities. Still, there exists limited information concerning the regulation and dynamics of genes in the environment. We report here global analysis of expressed genes in a naturally occurring microbial community. We first adapted RNA amplification technologies to produce large amounts of cDNA from small quantities of total microbial community RNA. The fidelity of the RNA amplification procedure was validated with Prochlorococcus cultures and then applied to a microbial assemblage collected in the oligotrophic Pacific Ocean. Microbial community cDNAs were analyzed by pyrosequencing and compared with microbial community genomic DNA sequences determined from the same sample. Pyrosequencing-based estimates of microbial community gene expression compared favorably to independent assessments of individual gene expression using quantitative PCR. Genes associated with key metabolic pathways in open ocean microbial species-including genes involved in photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and nitrogen acquisition-and a number of genes encoding hypothetical proteins were highly represented in the cDNA pool. Genes present in the variable regions of Prochlorococcus genomes were among the most highly expressed, suggesting these encode proteins central to cellular processes in specific genotypes. Although many transcripts detected were highly similar to genes previously detected in ocean metagenomic surveys, a significant fraction ( approximately 50%) were unique. Thus, microbial community transcriptomic analyses revealed not only indigenous gene- and taxon-specific expression patterns but also gene categories undetected in previous DNA-based metagenomic surveys.
Traumatic brain injury and functional outcomes: Does minority status matter? (2007)

Minorities had significantly reduced long-term functional outcome after rehabilitation relative to Whites. It is imperative that rehabilitation professionals' consider factors related to poorer long-term functional outcome and work to improve the quality of life of minorities with TBI.
Combinatorial Chemistry (2006)

Purification Principles in High-Speed Solution Phase Synthesis (S. Weinbrenner, C. Tzschucke). Linkers for Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis (SPOS) and Combinatorial Approaches on Solid Support (W. Bannwarth). Cyclative Cleavage - A Versatile Concept in Solid-Phase Organic Chemistry (J. Pernerstorfer). C-C Bond Forming Reactions (W. Brill, G. Papeo). Combinatorial Synthesis of Heterocycles (E. Felder, A. Marzinzik). Polymer-Supported Reagents: Preparation and Use in Parallel Organic Synthesis (B. Hinzen, M. Hahn). Encoding Strategies for Combinatorial Libraries (B. Hinzen). Automation and Devices for Combinatorial Chemistry and Parallel Organic Synthesis (C. Zechel). Computer-Assisted Library Design (A. Dominik). Assays for High Throughput Screening in Drug Discovery (C. Apfel, T. Enderle). Appendix: Cheminformatics and Web Resources for Combinatorial Chemistry.
Resting Blood Flow in the Skin: Does it Exist, and What is the Influence of Temperature, Aging, and Diabetes? (2012)

Measurement of resting blood flow to the skin and other organs is an important indicator of health and disease and a way to assess the reaction to various stimuli and pharmaceutical interventions. However, unlike plasma ions such as sodium or potassium, it is difficult to determine what the proper value for resting blood flow really is. Part of the problem is in the measurement of blood flow; various techniques yield very different measures of skin blood flow even in the same area. Even if there were common techniques, resting blood flow to tissue, such as the skin, is determined by the interaction of a plurality of factors, including the sympathetic nervous system, temperature, pressure, shear forces on blood vessels, tissue osmolality, and a variety of other stimuli. Compounding this variability, the blood flow response to any stressor is reduced by free radicals in the blood and diminished by aging and diabetes. Race also has an effect on resting blood flow to the skin. All these factors interact to make the exact resting blood flow difficult to determine in any one individual and at any one time. This review examines the main techniques to assess blood flow, the factors that alter blood flow in the skin, and how aging and diabetes affect blood flow. Recommendations for the measurement of resting blood flow are presented.