gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, and Evaluation of the Multidrug Resistance-Reversing Activity of the Triamide and Proline Analogs of Hapalosin (1997)

Four analogs were synthesized which have trans-4-hydroxyl-l−proline replacing the N-Me-l-phenylalanine moiety in hapalosin. The triamide analog of hapalosin containing two secondary amide bonds in lieu of the two ester bonds in hapalosin was also synthesized. Conformations of hapalosin, the triamide analog, and two of the four proline analogs in chloroform were calculated utilizing distance constraints between NOESY-correlated protons. The lowest-energy, distance-constrained conformation of hapalosin is similar to that of the triamide analog and does not differ substantially from that of the two proline analogs. All conformations have an s-cis tertiary amide bond. The analogs' ability to reverse P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance was evaluated in cytotoxicity and drug accumulation assays using MCF-7/ADR cells which overexpress P-glycoprotein. Two of the proline analogs are more potent than hapalosin (which has a similar activity as verapamil) whereas the other two proline analogs and the triamide analog are less active than hapalosin.
CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides with Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) for Vaccination in HBsAg-Transgenic Mice (2001)

DNA motifs containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides within the context of certain flanking sequences enhance both innate and antigen-specific immune responses, due in part to the enhanced production of Th1-type cytokines. Here we explored the ability of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides combined with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to induce Th1 responses in mice that are transgenic for this antigen and that represent a model for asymptomatic hepatitis B virus chronic carriers. This was compared to hepatitis B virus-specific DNA-mediated immunization, which we have previously shown to induce the clearance of the transgene expression product and the down-regulation of hepatitis B virus mRNA in this transgenic mouse lineage. In control nontransgenic C57BL/6 mice, three immunizations with HBsAg and CpG triggered the production of anti-HBs antibodies and of HBs-specific T cells that secrete gamma interferon but do not display any HBsAg-specific cytotoxic activity. In the HBsAg-transgenic mice, immunization with HBsAg and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, but not with CpG alone, induced the clearance of HBsAg circulating in the sera, with a concomitant appearance of specific antibodies, and was able to regulate the hepatitis B virus mRNA constitutively expressed in the liver. Finally, adoptive transfer experiments with CD8(+) T cells primed in C57BL/6 mice with HBsAg and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-based immunization show that these cells were able to partially control transgene expression in the liver and to clear the HBsAg from the sera of recipient transgenic mice without an antibody requirement. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides motifs combined with HBsAg could therefore represent a potential therapeutic approach with which to treat chronically infected patients.
Dynamic gestures as an input device for directing a mobile platform (2002)

Giving an advice to a mobile robot still requires classical user interfaces. A more intuitive way of commanding can be provided by verbal or gesture commands. In this article, we present new approaches and enhancements for established methods that are in use in our laboratory. Our aim is to direct a robot with simple dynamic gestures. We focus on visual gesture recognition. Based on skin color segmentation algorithms for tracking the user's hand, hidden Markov models are used for gesture type recognition. The filters applied to the recorded trajectory strongly compress the input data. They also mark start and end point of a possible gesture. The hidden Markov models have been enhanced by a threshold model in order to wipe out insignificant movements. Pre-classification of the reference gestures serves for keeping computational effort low.
Advances in diabetes for the millennium: drug therapy of type 2 diabetes. (2004)

There are many new orally administered agents to treat type 2 diabetes. Sulfonylureas and meglitinides stimulate insulin secretion. Metformin has been joined by thiazolidinediones to reduce insulin resistance. Disaccharidase inhibitors slow glucose uptake after a meal. Beta-3 agonists and agents that augment glucagon-like peptide activity are promising new agents in the effort to not only control glucose levels but also restrain weight gain. The future treatment of diabetes will require multiple drugs working in concert to normalize blood glucose.
Modulation of PKCδ tyrosine phosphorylation and activity in salivary and PC-12 cells by Src kinases (2001)

Protein kinase C (PKC) delta becomes tyrosine phosphorylated in rat parotid acinar cells exposed to muscarinic and substance P receptor agonists, which initiate fluid secretion in this salivary cell. Here we examine the signaling components of PKCdelta tyrosine phosphorylation and effects of phosphorylation on PKCdelta activity. Carbachol- and substance P-promoted increases in PKCdelta tyrosine phosphorylation were blocked by inhibiting phospholipase C (PLC) but not by blocking intracellular Ca2+ concentration elevation, suggesting that diacylglycerol, rather than D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production, positively modulated this phosphorylation. Stimuli-dependent increases in PKCdelta activity in parotid and PC-12 cells were blocked in vivo by inhibitors of Src tyrosine kinases. Dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues by PTP1B, a protein tyrosine phosphatase, reduced the enhanced PKCdelta activity. Lipid cofactors modified the tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent PKCdelta activation. Two PKCdelta regulatory sites (Thr-505 and Ser-662) were constitutively phosphorylated in unstimulated parotid cells, and these phosphorylations were not altered by stimuli that increased PKCdelta tyrosine phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that PKCdelta activity is positively modulated by tyrosine phosphorylation in parotid and PC-12 cells and suggest that PLC-dependent effects of secretagogues on salivary cells involve Src-related kinases.
Mutagenesis of the C-terminal nucleotide-binding site of an anion-translocating ATPase. (1992)

An oxyanion-translocating ATPase encoded by a bacterial plasmid confers resistance to antiomonials and arsenicals in Escherichia coli by extrusion of the toxic oxyanions from the cytosol. The anion pump is composed of two polypeptides, the ArsA and ArsB proteins. Purified ArsA protein is an oxyanion-stimulated ATPase with two nucleotide-binding consensus sequences, one in the N-terminal half and one in the C-terminal half of the protein. The ArsA protein can be labeled with [alpha-32P]ATP by a UV-catalyzed reaction. Previously reported mutations in the N-terminal site abolish photoadduct formation. Using site-directed mutagenesis the glycine-rich region of the C-terminal putative nucleotide-binding sequence was altered. Three C-terminal site mutant proteins (GR337, KE340, KN340) were analyzed, as well as one additional N-terminal mutant protein (KE21). Strains bearing the mutated plasmids were arsenite sensitive to varying degrees. The purified ArsA protein from mutant KE340 retained approximately 20% of the wild type oxyanion-stimulated ATPase activity, while the purified proteins from the other mutants were catalytically inactive. The KE21 mutation in the N-terminal nucleotide-binding site eliminated photoadduct formation with [alpha-32P] ATP, while the purified proteins with mutations in the C-terminal site retained the ability to form a photoadduct. Each mutant protein was capable of forming a membrane-bound complex in arsB expressing strains. These results suggest first that both sites are required for resistance and ATPase activity, and second that the conserved lysyl residue in the glycine-rich loop of the C-terminal nucleotide-binding site is not essential for catalytic activity.
The american rheumatism association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (1988)

The revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were formulated from a computerized analysis of 262 contemporary, consecutively studied patients with RA and 262 control subjects with rheumatic diseases other than RA (non-RA). The new criteria are as follows: 1) morning stiffness in and around joints lasting at least 1 hour before maximal improvement; 2) soft tissue swelling (arthritis) of 3 or more joint areas observed by a physician; 3) swelling (arthritis) of the proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, or wrist joints; 4) symmetric swelling (arthritis); 5) rheumatoid nodules; 6) the presence of rheumatoid factor; and 7) radiographic erosions and/or periarticular osteopenia in hand and/or wrist joints. Criteria 1 through 4 must have been present for at least 6 weeks. Rheumatoid arthritis is defined by the presence of 4 or more criteria, and no further qualifications (classic, definite, or probable) or list of exclusions are required. In addition, a "classification tree" schema is presented which performs equally as well as the traditional (4 of 7) format. The new criteria demonstrated 91-94% sensitivity and 89% specificity for RA when compared with non-RA rheumatic disease control subjects.
Renal Nerves and Sodium Excretion (1979)

Claude Bernard (9) in 1859 was the first to report that unilateral section of the greater splanchnic nerve in the anesthetized dog resulted in the excre­ tion by the affected kidney of an increased volume of urine with decreased chloride concentration. These changes were reversible by electrical stimula­ tion of the distal cut end of the nerve. Similar results, termed denervation diuresis and natriuresis, have been reported repeatedly since the time of Bernard. An increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has often been reported following acute denervation, and the increased salt and water excretion have usually been interpreted as resulting from an increase in filtered load. The few studies in unanesthetized animals have shown little or no difference in the function of a unilaterally denervated kidney from that of the opposite and innervated control kidney. Further, the clinical experi­ ence with kidney transplantation in humans has demonstrated that a totally denervated kidney may provide adequate replacement of the individual's own kidneys. Thus the prevailing view among renal physiologists has been that the renal nerves have no important role in the regulation of renal excretory function under normal conditions. According to this view, any influences they might exert are present only under such stressful conditions as anesthesia, surgery, or trauma; they are thus in the realm of pathophysi­ ology, not physiology, and result from changes in renal hemodynamics. More recent experimental studies, reviewed here, challenge this view. The concept of a limited but important role of neural influences on renal excretory function is part of a changing concept about the functional role of the innervation of visceral organs in general. It is becoming clear that
Modification of DNA by reducing sugars: a possible mechanism for nucleic acid aging and age-related dysfunction in gene expression. (1984)

Reducing sugars react nonenzymatically with protein amino groups to initiate a process called nonenzymatic browning. Long-lived proteins, such as collagen and the lens crystallins, accumulate sufficient modification in vivo that they acquire many of the chemical properties characteristic of aged proteins. We have obtained evidence that nucleic acids also can undergo nonenzymatic modification by sugars. Incubation of DNA or nucleotides with glucose 6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) produces spectral changes similar to those described for nonenzymatic browning proteins. The occurrence of chemical modification was verified by measuring the transfection efficiency of viral DNA after incubation with glucose and Glc-6-P. A loss of transfection potential occurred that was first order with respect to time and sugar concentration. The rate of inactivation by Glc-6-P was 25 times that of glucose; 8 days of incubation with 150 mM Glc-6-P decreased transfection by 4 orders of magnitude. Glc-6-P also produced strand scission in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. We conclude that glucose, Glc-6-P, and possibly other sugars can react with DNA to produce significant structural and biological alterations. Since nucleic acids are long-lived molecules in the resting cell, the accumulation of these addition products might be a mechanism for the decreased genetic viability characteristic of the aged organism.
Unaltered phenotype, tissue distribution and function of Vα14+ NKT cells in germ-free mice (2000)

The expression pattern of mouse CD1d and the tissue distribution of CD1d-restricted Valpha14-Jalpha281 NKT cells suggest that the liver and the marginal zone of the spleen might be preferred sites of activation of this potent innate pathway of early cytokine secretion. Because these tissues are particularly involved with the filtration of blood-borne pathogens, and because NKT cells with an activated / memory phenotype accumulate over the first weeks of life and their CD1 ligands bind microbial glycolipids, it has been hypothesized that expansion of the NKT cell subset may be driven by exposure to the microbial environment. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the frequency, surface phenotype and functional properties of NKT cells in normal and in germ-free C57BL / 6 mice. Surprisingly, we found that the NKT cell subset develops in the presence or absence of a microbial environment. Although these results do not rule out the possibility that NKT cells exert a protective function against some microbial agents, they demonstrate that non microbial ligands, possibly self-antigens are sufficient for the generation, maturation and peripheral accumulation of NKT cells.
Plants and Society (1996)

Unit 1 Plants and society: plants in our lives. Unit 2 Introduction to plant life: the plant cell the plant body plant physiology plant life cycle - flowers plant life cycle - fruits and seeds genetics plant taxonomy diversity of plant life. Unit 3 Plants as a source of food: human nutrition origins of agriculture the grasses legumes starchy staples feeding a hungry world. Unit 4 Commercial products derived from plants: stimulating beverages herbs and spices materials - cloth, paper, and wood. Unit 5 Plants and human health: medicinal plants psychoactive plants poisonous and allergy plants. Unit 7 Fungi: fungi in the natural environment beverages and food from fungi fungi that affect human health. Unit 7 Plants and the environment: ecology.
Selective androgen receptor modulators for the prevention and treatment of muscle wasting associated with cancer (2013)

Recent clinical efficacy data for LGD-4033, MK-0773, MK-3984, and enobosarm (GTx-024, ostarine, and S-22) are reviewed. Enobosarm, a nonsteroidal SARM, is the most well characterized clinically, and has consistently demonstrated increases in lean body mass and better physical function across several populations along with a lower hazard ratio for survival in cancer patients. Completed in May 2013, results for the Phase III clinical trials entitled Prevention and treatment Of muscle Wasting in patiEnts with Cancer1 (POWER1) and POWER2 evaluating enobosarm for the prevention and treatment of muscle wasting in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer will be available soon, and will potentially establish a SARM, enobosarm, as the first drug for the prevention and treatment of muscle wasting in cancer patients.
ENDF-201: ENDF/B-VI summary documentation (1991)

Responsibility for oversight of the ENDF/B Evaluated Nuclear Data file lies with the Cross Section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG), which is comprised of representatives from various governmental and industrial laboratories in the United States. Individual evaluations are provided by scientists at several US laboratories, including significant contributions by scientists from all over the world. In addition, ENDF/B-VI includes for the first time complete evaluations for three materials that were provided from laboratories outside the US. All data are checked and reviewed by CSEWG, and the data file is maintained and issued by the National Nuclear Data Center at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The previous version of the library, ENDF/B-V, was issued in 1979, and two revisions to the data file were provided in subsequent years, the latest occurring in 1981. A total of 75 new or extensively modified neutron sublibrary evaluations are included in ENDF/B-VI, and are summarized in this document. One incident proton sublibrary is described for Fe{sup 56}. The remaining evaluations in ENDF/B-VI have been carried over from earlier versions of ENDF, and have been updated to reflect the new formats. The release of ENDF/B-VI was carried out between January and June of 1990, with groups of materials being released on tapes.'' Table 1 is an index to the evaluation summaries, and includes the material identification or MAT number, the responsible laboratory, and the tape'' number. These evaluations have been released without restrictions on their distribution or use.
Transient Complement Inhibition Promotes a Tumor-Specific Immune Response through the Implication of Natural Killer Cells (2013)

Although the role of the complement system in cancer development has been studied, its involvement in the development of an antitumoral immune response remains poorly understood. Using cobra venom factor (CVF) to inhibit the complement cascade via C3 molecule exhaustion in immunocompetent mice bearing B16gp33 melanoma tumors, we show that transient inhibition of the complement system allowed for the development of a more robust gp33-specific antitumoral CD8(+) T-cell response. This immune response proved to be natural killer (NK) dependent, suggesting an interaction of complement proteins with this cellular subset leading to T lymphocyte activation and enhanced cytotoxic T-cell activity against tumor cells. This study demonstrates for the first time the implication of the complement system in the development of NK-mediated cytotoxic T-cell-dependent antitumoral immune responses. The complement pathway could therefore be a potent therapeutic target to improve NK-dependent antitumoral immune responses in patients with cancer.
Solid state lasers for 193-nm photolithography (1997)

Advances in technology now make possible solid-state 193 nm lasers. Solid-state can operate with pulse repetition rates of &gt; 10 kHz, minimizing peak-power damage to stepper optics. Furthermore, solid-state lasers are potentially more reliable and could have lower operating costs than ArF excimer lasers. Achievement of spectral linewidths &lt; 0.1 pm for use with refractive lens systems is straightforward in solid-state laser systems. Ultraviolet solid-state laser technology is much less mature than excimer laser technology; so while there is far to go, there is much more potential for rapid progress in solid-state lasers than in excimer lasers. Aculight has begun a program to develop a multiwatt, 10 kHz solid-state 193 nm laser. Although efficient conversion from 1064 nm to 193 nm is easier for high peak power pulses, minimization of lens damage requires low peak power. Eventual goals for the technology are to achieve output powers 10 - 20 W at &gt; 20 kHz repetition rate in &gt; 10 ns pulses, limiting peak powers to &lt; 200 kW. High pulse repetition rates will permit excellent dose control, and facilitate decoherence of the high-coherence beam from the solid-state laser system.
Comparative analysis of five protein-protein interaction corpora (2008)

Our comparative analysis uncovers key similarities and differences between the diverse PPI corpora, thus taking an important step towards standardization. In the course of this study we have created a major practical contribution in converting the corpora into a shared format. The conversion software is freely available at http://mars.cs.utu.fi/PPICorpora.
PTCAマニュアル : Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (1989)

総論（ＰＴＣＡガイドライン；ＰＴＣＡによる冠状動脈内径の拡大と再狭窄の機序；ＰＴＣＡの適応のクライテリア；ＰＴＣＡの手技；ＰＴＣＡの評価法；ＰＴＣＡの成績；ＰＴＣＡの術後管理；Ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅ Ｔｒａｎｓｌｕｍｉｎａｌ Ｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙ Ａｎｇｉｏｐｌａｓｔｙ） 各論（症状からみて；冠状動脈病変からみて） 付章 本邦におけるＰＴＣＡ現況
The complementary roles of RSVP and differentiated services in the full-service QoS network (2000)

With the growth of the Internet and intranets, QoS technology that has been developed over a span of several years is quickly becoming more relevant. This article first defines QoS and introduces a taxonomy for QoS mechanisms. The evolution of several major QoS mechanisms is described with a special focus on RSVP and differentiated services. Special attention is paid to the role of the IETF in developing QoS mechanisms. We describe a QoS network that combines RSVP and differentiated services in a manner that realizes the benefits of each. We show that, in general, the adoption of increasingly sophisticated QoS mechanisms can enhance the ability of a network to offer high-quality service guarantees while simultaneously making efficient use of raw network resources. These mechanisms carry a cost in the form of increased overhead, which must be weighed against the benefits of the mechanism.
Muscle as a Target for Supplementary Factor IX Gene Transfer (2007)

Immune responses to the factor IX (F.IX) transgene product are a concern in gene therapy for the X-linked bleeding disorder hemophilia B. The risk for such responses is determined by several factors, including the vector, target tissue, and others. Previously, we have demonstrated that hepatic gene transfer with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors can induce F.IX-specific immune tolerance. Muscle-derived F.IX expression, however, is limited by a local immune response. Here, skeletal muscle was investigated as a target for supplemental gene transfer. Given the low invasiveness of intramuscular injections, this route would be ideal for secondary gene transfer, thereby boosting levels of transgene expression. However, this is feasible only if immune tolerance established by compartmentalization of expression to the liver extends to other sites. Immune tolerance to human F.IX established by prior hepatic AAV-2 gene transfer was maintained after subsequent injection of AAV-1 or adenoviral vector into skeletal muscle, and tolerized mice failed to form antibodies or an interferon (IFN)-gamma(+) T cell response to human F.IX. A sustained increase in systemic transgene expression was obtained for AAV-1, whereas an increase after adenoviral gene transfer was transient. A CD8(+) T cell response specifically against adenovirus-transduced fibers was observed, suggesting that cytotoxic T cell responses against viral antigens were sufficient to eliminate expression in muscle. In summary, the data demonstrate that supplemental F.IX gene transfer to skeletal muscle does not break tolerance achieved by liver-derived expression. The approach is efficacious, if the vector for muscle gene transfer does not express immunogenic viral proteins.
Synthesis of novel 2,3-condensed thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones via Appel's salt chemistry (2006)

The chemistry of imino-1,2,3-dithiazoles possessing a thiophene ring with various alkyl and aromatic diamines was investigated in the expectation of obtaining novel 2,3-condensed thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinone derivatives. Obtained via Appel's salt's (1) chemistry, methyl N-(4-chloro-5H-1,2,3-dithiazol-5-ylidene)-2-thiophenecarboxylate (2) is confirmed as a very interesting starting material for access to a variety of novel thiophene bioisosters of bioactive pentacyclic tetraaza-pentaphene-5, 8-diones.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Catalytic Ring Opening of Epoxides with Carboxylic Acids. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.