gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for chiral agrochemicals (1996)

Chiral compounds account for 25% of all agrochemical compounds used commercially and for 26% of the total value of the world agrochemical market. However, those sold in single isomer form contribute only 7% to the market value despite many potential advantages in terms of regulatory, intellectual property and marketing benefits. Limited access to chiral raw materials and economic synthesis routes are key reasons why single isomers are less common than they might be. The development of more chiral routes will encourage the development of single isomer compounds to capitalise on their advantages.
The Combinatorial Synthesis of Bicyclic Privileged Structures or Privileged Substructures (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe Combinatorial Synthesis of Bicyclic Privileged Structures or Privileged SubstructuresDouglas A. Horton, Gregory T. Bourne, and Mark L. SmytheView Author Information Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Qld., Australia, and Protagonist Pty. Ltd., Level 7 Gehrmann Laboratories, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Qld., Australia Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 3, 893–930Publication Date (Web):February 22, 2003Publication History Received1 October 2002Published online22 February 2003Published inissue 1 March 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020033shttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020033sresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18783Altmetric-Citations2696LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Combinatorial synthesis,Molecules,Receptors,Scaffolds Get e-Alerts
A comparative study of MIMO capacity with different antenna topologies (2003)

Multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) is a hot topic in wireless communication and has a great advantage in its capacity. We investigate the influence of antenna topology on MIMO capacity and by comparing three topology schemes we find that selecting a proper antenna topology increases the capacity evidently. Three schemes under study are the traditional point-to-point concentrated antenna topology (CON), the multipoint-to-point distributed antenna topology (DIS) and the clustered antenna topology (CLUSTER). We explore their average capacity under different antenna number and power allocation methods. Simulation results show that DIS and CLUSTER excel the traditional concentrated MIMO structure in capacity.
Characterization of the equilibrating forms of the aldehydic abasic site in duplex DNA by oxygen-17 NMR (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of the equilibrating forms of the aldehydic abasic site in duplex DNA by oxygen-17 NMRJoyce A. Wilde, Philip H. Bolton, Abhijit Mazumder, Muthiah Manoharan, and John A. GerltCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 5, 1894–1896Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00187a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00187a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Secure Network Coding for Wiretap Networks of Type II (2012)

We consider the problem of securing a multicast network against a wiretapper that can eavesdrop on the packets on a limited number of network edges of its choice. We assume that the network employs network coding to simultaneously deliver the packets available at the source to all the destinations. We show that this problem can be looked at as a network generalization of the wiretap channel of type II introduced in a seminal paper by Ozarow and Wyner. In particular, we show that the transmitted information can be secured by using the Ozarow–Wyner approach of coset coding at the source on top of the existing network code. This way, we quickly and transparently recover some of the results available in the literature on secure network coding for wiretap networks. Moreover, we use this framework to derive new bounds on the code alphabet size that are independent of the network size, and provide algorithms for explicit construction of secure network codes. We also analyze the amount of information that can be leaked to the wiretapper as a function of the number of wiretapped edges.
Tetrahydropyridyloxadiazoles: semi-rigid muscarinic ligands (1991)

Recent studies have described novel azabicycle-based muscarinic agonists which readily penetrate into the central nervous system and are capable of displaying high efficacy at cortical sites. The current paper describes the synthesis and biochemical assessment of semirigid muscarinic ligands which were used to map the requirements of the cortical muscarinic receptor and to study the degree of conformational flexibility required to cause receptor activation. Analogues 6 and 9 provide high-efficacy muscarinic agonists at cortical sites; however, C-alkylation on the tetrahydropyridine ring resulted in more rigid analogues and showed lower predicted efficacy. Molecular mechanics calculations indicated a preference for the E rotameric form. This conformation was also observed in the X-ray crystal structure of ethenyloxadiazole 12. The new compounds were tested in a biochemical assay designed to measure receptor affinity and to predict cortical efficacy.
Application of diffusion constant measurement to the determination of the rate constant of electron-exchange reactions (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of diffusion constant measurement to the determination of the rate constant of electron-exchange reactionsImre Ruff and I. Korosi-OdorCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1970, 9, 1, 186–188Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50083a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (359 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Lithium Aminoborohydrides (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 5-Substituted 2,2′-Bipyridines from Substituted 2-Chloropyridines by a Modified Negishi Cross-Coupling Reaction (2002)

A new and practical approach to a number of differently 5-substituted 2,2′-bipyridines starting from substituted 2-chloropyridines has been found through the application of modified Negishi cross-coupling conditions. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
A virtual machine consolidation framework for MapReduce enabled computing clouds (2012)

In nowadays computing clouds, it is of the cloud providers' economic interests to correctly consolidate the workload of the virtual machines (VMs) into the suitable physical servers in the cloud data center in order to minimize the total maintenance cost. However, during the consolidation process, sufficient protection should be provided to the service level agreement (SLA) of the VMs. In this paper, the VM consolidation problem for MapReduce enabled computing clouds has been investigated. In the MapReduce enabled computing clouds, MapReduce jobs are carried out by homogeneous MapReduce VM instances that have identical hardware resource. Two resource allocation schemes with corresponding SLA constraints for the MapReduce VMs and the non-MapReduce VMs are proposed. Based on these schemes, the VM consolidation problem is modeled as an integer nonlinear optimization problem and an efficient algorithm has been proposed to locate its solutions. The results show that better VM consolidation performance can be achieved by colocating MapReduce instances together with non-MapReduce instances in the same set of physical servers.
Tetrodotoxin inhibits the development and expression of neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel in mice (2007)

We evaluated the effect of low doses of systemically administered tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the development and expression of neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel in mice. Treatment with paclitaxel (2mg/kg, i.p., once daily during 5 days) produced long-lasting (2-4 weeks) heat hyperalgesia (plantar test), mechanical allodynia (electronic Von Frey test) and cold allodynia (acetone drop method), with maximum effects observed on days 7, 10 and 10-14, respectively. Acute subcutaneous treatment with 1 or 3 microg/kg of TTX reduced the expression of mechanical allodynia, whereas higher doses (3 or 6 microg/kg) were required to reduce the expression of cold allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. In contrast, TTX (3 or 6 microg/kg, s.c.) did not affect the response to the same thermal and mechanical stimuli in control animals, which indicates that the antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects of TTX were not due to unspecific inhibition of the perception of these stimuli. Administration of TTX (6 microg/kg, s.c.) 30 min before each of the 5 doses of paclitaxel did not modify the development of heat hyperalgesia produced by the antineoplastic, but abolished the development of mechanical and cold allodynia. Coadministration of a lower dose of TTX (3 microg/kg) also prevented the development of mechanical allodynia. No signs of TTX-induced toxicity or motor incoordination were observed. These data suggest that low doses of TTX can be useful to prevent and treat paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain, and that TTX-sensitive subtypes of sodium channels play a role in the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain.
UMTS: a middleware architecture and mobile API approach (1998)

The ongoing European ACTS project OnTheMove provides support services for distributed mobile multimedia applications. The project defines, implements, and demonstrates a mobile middleware called a Mobile Application Support Environment (MASE) which is based on UMTS concepts. The mobile application programming interface (mobile API) of MASE, which will be submitted for standardization, allows common access to the underlying operating systems and network infrastructure, and facilitates the development of new, mobile-aware, multimedia applications.
Conserved features of eukaryotic hsp70 genes revealed by comparison with the nucleotide sequence of human hsp70. (1985)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the human hsp70 gene and 5' flanking region. The hsp70 gene is transcribed as an uninterrupted primary transcript of 2440 nucleotides composed of a 5' noncoding leader sequence of 212 nucleotides, a 3' noncoding region of 242 nucleotides, and a continuous open reading frame of 1986 nucleotides that encodes a protein with predicted molecular mass of 69,800 daltons. Upstream of the 5' terminus are the canonical TATAAA box, the sequence ATTGG that corresponds in the inverted orientation to the CCAAT motif, and the dyad sequence CTGGAAT/ATTCCCG that shares homology in 12 of 14 positions with the consensus transcription regulatory sequence common to Drosophila heat shock genes. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of human hsp70 with the published sequences of Drosophila hsp70 and Escherichia coli dnaK reveals that human hsp70 is 73% identical to Drosophila hsp70 and 47% identical to E. coli dnaK. Surprisingly, the nucleotide sequences of the human and Drosophila genes are 72% identical and human and E. coli genes are 50% identical, which is more highly conserved than necessary given the degeneracy of the genetic code. The lack of accumulated silent nucleotide substitutions leads us to propose that there may be additional information in the nucleotide sequence of the hsp70 gene or the corresponding mRNA that precludes the maximum divergence allowed in the silent codon positions.
Antibacterial Agents That Inhibit Lipid A Biosynthesis (1996)

Lipid A constitutes the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is essential for bacterial growth. Synthetic antibacterials were identified that inhibit the second enzyme (a unique deacetylase) of lipid A biosynthesis. The inhibitors are chiral hydroxamic acids bearing certain hydrophobic aromatic moieties. They may bind to a metal in the active site of the deacetylase. The most potent analog (with an inhibition constant of about 50 nM) displayed a minimal inhibitory concentration of about 1 microgram per milliliter against Escherichia coli, caused three logs of bacterial killing in 4 hours, and cured mice infected with a lethal intraperitoneal dose of E. coli.
High-throughput pairing of T cell receptor α and β sequences (2015)

The T cell receptor (TCR) protein is a heterodimer composed of an α chain and a β chain. TCR genes undergo somatic DNA rearrangements to generate the diversity of T cell binding specificities needed for effective immunity. Recently, high-throughput immunosequencing methods have been developed to profile the TCR α (TCRA) and TCR β (TCRB) repertoires. However, these methods cannot determine which TCRA and TCRB chains combine to form a specific TCR, which is essential for many functional and therapeutic applications. We describe and validate a method called pairSEQ, which can leverage the diversity of TCR sequences to accurately pair hundreds of thousands of TCRA and TCRB sequences in a single experiment. Our TCR pairing method uses standard laboratory consumables and equipment without the need for single-cell technologies. We show that pairSEQ can be applied to T cells from both blood and solid tissues, such as tumors.
A Crucial Role for the p110δ Subunit of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in B Cell Development and Activation (2002)

Mice lacking the p110delta catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase have reduced numbers of B1 and marginal zone B cells, reduced levels of serum immunoglobulins, respond poorly to immunization with type II thymus-independent antigen, and are defective in their primary and secondary responses to thymus-dependent antigen. p110delta(-/-) B cells proliferate poorly in response to B cell receptor (BCR) or CD40 signals in vitro, fail to activate protein kinase B, and are prone to apoptosis. p110delta function is required for BCR-mediated calcium flux, activation of phosphlipaseCgamma2, and Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Thus, p110delta plays a critical role in B cell homeostasis and function.
Fault-Tolerant Operation of a Battery-Energy-Storage System Based on a Multilevel Cascade PWM Converter With Star Configuration (2010)

This paper focuses on fault-tolerant control for a battery-energy-storage system based on a multilevel cascade pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) converter with star configuration. During the occurrence of a single-converter-cell or single-battery-unit fault, the fault-tolerant control enables continuous operation and maintains state-of-charge balancing of the remaining healthy battery units. This enhances both system reliability and availability. A 200-V, 10-kW, 3.6-kW·h laboratory system combining a three-phase cascade PWM converter with nine nickel-metal-hydride battery units is designed, constructed, and tested to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant control.
Human X human hybridoma producing monoclonal antibody against autologous cervical carcinoma. (1983)

A stable human X human hybridoma, termed CLNH11, was produced by fusing UC 729-6, a 6-thioguanine-resistant human lymphoblastoid B-cell line, with lymphocytes obtained from a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. CLNH11 could grow both in serum-containing and serum-free media, and produced a significantly higher titer of antibody in serum-free media. CLNH11 secreted a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G which bound to the autologous cervical carcinoma in both tissue sections and primary cultured cells, the cervical cancer cell lines Hela and CaSki, but not to normal fibroblasts.
A Mutation Inactivating the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Folate Transporter Creates a Glycine Requirement for Survival of Chinese Hamster Cells (2004)

A mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell line, glyB, that required exogenous glycine for survival and growth was reported previously (Kao, F., Chasin, L., and Puck, T. T. (1969) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 64, 1284-1291). We now report that the defect in glyB cells causative of this phenotype is a point mutation in an inner mitochondrial membrane protein required for transport of folates into mitochondria. The CHO mitochondrial folate transporter (mft) was sequenced and compared with that from glyB cells. The hamster sequence was nearly identical to that of the recently reported human mitochondrial folate transporter. The corresponding cDNA from glyB cells contained a single nucleotide change that introduced a glutamate in place of the glycine in wild-type hamster MFT at codon 192 in a predicted transmembrane domain. Transfection of the wild-type hamster cDNA into glyB cells allowed cell survival in the absence of glycine and the accumulation of folates in mitochondria, whereas transfection of the Glu-192 cDNA did not. Genomic sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated a single mutated allele of the mft gene in glyB cells, whereas there were two alleles in CHO cells. We conclude that we have defined the cause of the glyB auxotrophy and that the glyB mft mutation identified a region of this mitochondrial folate carrier vital to its transport function.
Factors responsible for variable reported lineages of HL-60 cells induced to mature with butyric acid. (1989)

HL-60 is a multipotential human leukemia cell line widely used as an in vitro model to investigate myeloid differentiation. A variety of compounds can reproducibly induce these cells to differentiate towards specific lineages. However, under what appear to be similar experimental conditions, various laboratories have reported either neutrophilic differentiation or monocytic differentiation after butyric acid induction. We investigated different hypotheses to explain these dissimilar findings. First, the potential role of variable 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) concentrations in commercial fetal calf serum was assessed. Second, possible differences between laboratories inherent to the HL-60 cells themselves were explored. Lineage was assessed by morphology, histochemistry (nonspecific esterase), and neutrophil-specific (CD15) and monocyte-specific (MO2) surface antigens. We found that increasing concentrations of VD3 spanning the range reported in commercial fetal calf serum (25 to 155 pg/ml) act in synergy with butyric acid to result in higher monocyte/neutrophil ratios at the higher VD3 concentrations. Different lots of serum led to monocyte/neutrophil ratios in proportion to their VD3 concentrations. Starting with HL-60 cells obtained from different laboratories, several single-cell clones were derived which yielded either high percentages of monocytes, high percentages of neutrophils, or intermediate mixes of both cell types after induction with butyric acid. We conclude that the wide variation of VD3 concentration found in different lots of commercial fetal calf serum and intrinsic differences in HL-60 cells are two identifiable factors that can explain the discrepancies in lineage observed by different investigators after butyric acid induction of HL-60 cells.
Evidence for p-type doping of InN (2005)

Evidence for p-type doping of InN R.E. Jones, 1,2 , K. M. Yu, 1 S.X. Li, 1,2 W. Walukiewicz, 1 J.W. Ager III, 1 E.E. Haller, 1,2 H. Lu, 3 and W.J. Schaff 3 1. Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 Abstract The first evidence of successful p-type doping of InN is demonstrated. A range of experimental techniques are used to show that Mg-doped InN films are composed of a p-type bulk region, with a thin n-type inversion layer at the film surface that prevents electrical contact to the bulk material. Capacitance-voltage measurements indicate a net concentration of ionized acceptors below the n-type surface layer. Irradiation with 2 MeV He + particles, which has been shown previously to introduce donor defects into InN, is used to convert the bulk of InN:Mg from p- to n-type. The conversion process is well-explained by a model that assumes two parallel conducting layers (the surface and the bulk) in the films. Further evidence for the existence of p- type bulk material is provided by the irradiation-induced recovery of the photoluminescence in InN:Mg. However, the binding energy of the Mg acceptor is still undetermined, and the presence of free holes has not been verified. Despite more than three decades of research, Indium Nitride (InN) remains the least understood of the group III-nitride compounds. The energy gap of this material was recently discovered to be only 0.7 eV, rather than the previously-accepted 1.9 eV, giving the III-nitride alloy system an exceptionally-wide range of direct band gaps, from InN to AlN (6.2 eV) [1,2]. The narrow bandgap has generated a great interest in InN for applications such as high-efficiency solar cells, light-emitting diodes, laser diodes and high-frequency transistors. The ability to