gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Tricuspid Valve (2009)

Cardiovascular specialists have entered an era of renewed interest and enthusiasm surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of valvular heart disease, driven in part by emerging percutaneous therapies for the treatment of aortic, pulmonic, and mitral valve disease. Despite this wave of investigation, little or no attention has been given to the treatment of tricuspid valve disease. Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) occurs mainly from tricuspid annular dilation, which can result from left-sided heart failure from myocardial or valvular causes, right ventricular volume and pressure overload, or dilation of cardiac chambers. If untreated at the time of surgical mitral valve repair, significant residual TR negatively impacts perioperative outcomes, functional class, and survival. TR does not reliably resolve after successful mitral valve surgery. If present at the time of mitral valve surgery, TR can usually be effectively addressed with ring annuloplasty. Because reoperations for recurrent TR carry high mortality rates, few patients are offered reoperation for redo tricuspid repair or replacement. As transcatheter therapies for mitral regurgitation arise, parallel percutaneous approaches for TR may be necessary. In this article, we review the anatomy, pathophysiology, and value of mechanical correction of TR, including potential transcatheter therapies for TR.
5-Fluorouracil continuous infusion in metastatic colorectal cancer. (1996)

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) remains the most active therapeutic agent in advanced colorectal cancer. This drug has demonstrated differing levels of activity dependent on the schedule of administration in experimental and clinical models. Twenty-six patients were treated with prolonged continuous infusion of 5-FU at 250 mg/m2/day via a portable infusion pump and Hickman's central venous catheter in this study. Twelve patients (46%) experienced a major response (complete response-1, partial response-11). Median duration of response was 5 months. Seventeen patients were chemotherapy-naive on accrual to this study. Ten patients from this group had partial responses (59%) and four were minor responders (24%). Hence 82% of patients who had no prior chemotherapy showed tumour responses to 5-FU continuous infusion. Two of nine patients (22%) with prior chemotherapy achieved major response. Favourable toxicity profile was noted with this regimen. Two patients discontinued therapy due to treatment-related toxicities (severe palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia and superior vena cava thrombosis secondary to the central venous catheter). Prolonged continuous infusion of 5-FU could well be the standard treatment of advanced colorectal cancer in view of its favourable activity and toxicity profile. The serial serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) trend was shown to correlate well to the objective response; a decline of more than 50% from baseline CEA level correlated with a major response and a rise of more than 50% correlated with progressive disease. Hence the use of serum CEA is suitable for monitoring response to chemotherapy which is advantageous with respect to patient convenience and cost-effectiveness.
Adaptive Predictive Coding of Speech Signals (1970)

We describe in this paper a method for efficient encoding of speech signals, based on predictive coding. In this coding method, both the transmitter and the receiver estimate the signal's current value by linear prediction on the previously transmitted signal. The difference between this estimate and the true value of the signal is quantized, coded and transmitted to the receiver. At the receiver, the decoded difference signal is added to the predicted signal to reproduce the input speech signal. Because of the nonstationary nature of the speech signals, an adaptive linear predictor is used, which is readjusted periodically to minimize the mean-square error between the predicted and the true value of the signals. The predictive coding system was simulated on a digital computer. The predictor parameters, comprising one delay and nine other coefficients related to the signal spectrum, were readjusted every 5 milliseconds. The speech signal was sampled at a rate of 6.67 kHz, and the difference signal was quantized by a two-level quantizer with variable step size. Subjective comparisons with speech from a logarithmic PCM encoder (log-PCM) indicate that the quality of the synthesized speech signal from the predictive coding system is approximately equal to that of log-PCM speech encoded at 6 bits/sample. Preliminary studies suggest that the binary difference signal and the predictor parameters together can be transmitted at approximately 10 kilobits/second which is several times less than the bit rate required for log-PCM encoding with comparable speech quality.
Electrochemical Reduction of Silicon Tetrachloride in an Intermediate-Temperature Ionic Liquid (2009)

Electrochemical reduction of silicon tetrachloride has been investigated in an equimolar N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium chloride-zinc chloride melt at 423 K for low-cost production of silicon thin films. A dark-brown substance was formed preferentially on the Ni substrate near the electrode-gas-melt three-phase interface by potentiostatic electrolysis at 0 V vs Zn(II)/Zn. Both energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that some SiCl4 was electrochemically reduced to amorphous Si in the present system. Cross-sectional observation of electrodeposited films by scanning electron microscopy suggested that the deposition rate in the present system is about 100-fold higher than that in the room-temperature system investigated in our previous study. Contrivances of the electrode configuration and the SiCl4-supplying method enabled electrodepositing the Si-containing film on almost the whole Ni substrate.
Validation of a VerifyNow-P2Y12 cartridge for monitoring plateletinhibition with clopidogrel (2006)

Despite common use of clopidogrel in patients with vascular disease, monitoring of platelet inhibition is still not conventional in clinical practice. Considering substantial response variability, when some patients may experience inadequate protection, and/or increased risk of bleeding, simple and reliable methods to control adequate antiplatelet regimen is mandatory. We validated a new VerifyNow-P2Y12 assay to measure inhibition of the P2Y12 platelet receptors by clopidogrel by evaluating its receptor specificity, precision, and potential interference with platelet count, hematocrit, age, cholesterol, triglycerides, and other antiplatelet agents. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP or ADP + prostaglandin E1 (ADP + PGE1) in the presence of specific P2Y12 inhibitor 2-methylthio-AMP (2MeSAMP) for the assessment of assay specificity was performed in 10 volunteers. Seventeen medications were used for the VerifyNow-P2Y12 interference testing, and assay interplay with blood constituents was evaluated in a clinical setting in 131 patients with coronary artery disease. In the presence of 2MeSAMP, the average residual aggregation level across the 10 donors was 27% for ADP and 5% for ADP + PGE1. There also was a strong agreement between ADP + PGE1 aggregometry and VerifyNow-P2Y12 assay (93% vs. 95% average inhibition across all donors). The coefficient of variation for the test precision was less than 8%. The VerifyNow-P2Y12 readings were not influenced by age, platelet count, hematocrit, fibrinogen, cholesterol, or triglycerides level. There was an interference with abciximab before P2Y12 inhibition; however, after platelet suppression with cilostazol, the interference with all tested substances was minimal. VerifyNow-P2Y12 is a reliable, simple, and sensitive device suitable for monitoring of P2Y12 platelet receptor inhibitors in the clinical arena.
Anisotropy in Molecular-Scaled Growth Kinetics at Ice−Water Interfaces (1997)

Molecular dynamics simulations of ice−water interfaces at the supercooling state were performed to elucidate the anisotropic growth kinetics. The simulations were carried out for two kinds of interface orientations, namely, an ice(0001)−water and an ice(101̄0)−water interfaces. It should be emphasized that not only the interface structures but also the growth kinetics are completely different between the interfaces. Furthermore, we analyzed the development of the translational order and the orientational order for the molecular arrangement during the growth. The results suggest that the translational order of the arrangement develops in advance of the orientational order for both interfaces.
Properties of the K562 cell line, derived from a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (1976)

The K562 cell line derived from a CML patient in blast crisis was examined for properties of B and T lymphocytes and cell lines. K562 lacks the B markers of immunoglobulins, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome and associated nuclear antigen, and receptors for EBV. A low proportion of cells from rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, the frequency of which is considerably increased after neuraminidase treatment. Unlike B lines but like T lines, K562 cells are lysed rapidly by C'/Fc receptor-positive human blood leukocytes and do not stimulate MLC reactions. On the other hand, K562 lacks T antigen, high radiosensitivity and sensitivity to growth inhibition by thymidine. The cells do not contain N-APase, an enzyme found in all lines derived from lymphoid cells and in lymphoproliferative diseases. By scanning electron microscopy, K562 cells were seen to be rounded and relatively smooth, with small numbers of short microvilli resembling undifferentiated leukemic cells. A few cells had narrow ridge-like profiles and small ruffles similar to granulocytic leukemic cells. K562 is strongly positive for immunoglobuln Fc receptors and pinocytosis, but does not phagocytose or mediate antibody-dependent phagocytosis or cytolysis. Among histochemical stains, K562 is positive for esterase, lipid, and acid phosphatase. There seems to be no doubt that K562 is not a B cell line. While it has some T cell properties, these are not exclusive. Some of its characteristics indicate that it is probably not lymphoid. Due to its low level of differentiation, its nature cannot be stated with certainty. On the basis of the possible presence of the cellular marker of chronic myeloid leukemia, the Ph chromosome, it may be regarded as belonging to the granulocytic series of cells.
Antineoplastic Agents, 294. Variations in the Formation of Pancratistatin and Related Isocarbostyrils in Hymenocallis littoralis (1995)

By cloning Hymenocallis littoralis, a practical biosynthetic procedure was developed for producing pancratistatin [1]. The plant tissue culture-->greenhouse-->field production sequence was successively utilized for increasing an original 1.5 kg of wild H. littoralis bulbs to some 60,000 bulbs at present. In the central Arizona Sonoran Desert, the tropical H. littoralis was found to reach a maximum pancratistatin content in October and a minimum in May. Generally pancratistatin [1] was accompanied by lesser yields of narciclasine [2], 7-deoxynarciclasine [3], and 7-deoxy-trans-dihydronarcicasine [4]. Improved laboratory and pilot-plant scale techniques were also developed for the isolation of pancratistatin [1] from difficult-to-separate mixtures of narciclasine [2] and 7-deoxynarciclasine [3]occurring in H. littoralis.
Study on the Chirality of Sulfur in Ethyl (2S,3R ,4R)-4,5-O-Isopropylidene-2,3-sulfinyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-pentanoate (1997)

During the synthesis of sphingosine 3 a pair of diastereoisomers of cyclic sulfite 1 was separated. By means of NMR and molecule modeling their absolute configuration of chiral sulfur atom was determined.
Learning To Pinpoint Singing Voice From Weakly Labeled Examples. (2016)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
LmrS Is a Multidrug Efflux Pump of the Major Facilitator Superfamily from Staphylococcus aureus (2010)

A multidrug efflux pump designated LmrS (lincomycin resistance protein of Staphylococcus aureus), belonging to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of transporters, was cloned, and the role of LmrS in antimicrobial efflux was evaluated. The highest relative increase in MIC, 16-fold, was observed for linezolid and tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (TPCL), followed by an 8-fold increase for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol. LmrS has 14 predicted membrane-spanning domains and is homologous to putative lincomycin resistance proteins of Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Listeria spp.
Congenital and perinatal infections with cytomegalovirus (2001)

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections remain the leading viral cause of congenital malformations in the developed world. Despite advances in our knowledge, the epidemiology and natural history of congenital CMV infection are still poorly understood, particularly in Australia. Congenital CMV causes illness ranging from no clinical disease (asymptomatic, but infected) through to prematurity, encephalitis, deafness and haematological disorders and death. Perinatal CMV acquisition usually results in less severe illness including asymptomatic infection, acute infection with hepatitis, fever, and pneumonitis. CMV infects only humans, and in vitro and in vivo models for intrauterine infection are required in order to test new treatments, and better describe the pathogenesis of congenital CMV. Using new knowledge of the epidemiology and natural history of CMV, treatment regimens during late pregnancy are currently undergoing clinical trial although no definitive recommendations are available.
Amantadine kinetics in healthy young subjects after long‐term dosing (1979)

We investigated the disposition of amantadine in 13 healthy, young adults after long-term dosage. Doses of 25, 100, or 150 mg, randomly allocated, were taken at 12-hr intervals in syrup for 31 doses. A 1-compartment open model and complete bioavailability were assumed. Absorption rate was variable with peak concentrations in plasma occurring at 1 to 12 hr. Since the calculated area under the plasma concentration against time curve was proprotional to it, relative bioavailability was independent of dose at steady state. As the dose increased, the apparent volume of distribution decreased. Intra- and intersubject variations in trough plasma drug concentrations at steady state were less than triple for equivalent doses. Elimination of drug from plasma was consistent with a first-order process. Plasma half-lifes (t1/2s) ranged from 10.2 to 31.4 hr and were independent of dose or creatinine clearance. The ratio of renal drug clearance to creatinine clearance ranged from 1.26 to 14.97, suggesting substantial renal tubular secretion. The median ratio of plasma drug clearance to renal drug clearance approached unity.
Factors Contributing to Aromatic Stacking in Water:  Evaluation in the Context of DNA (2000)

We report the use of thermodynamic measurements in a self-complementary DNA duplex (5'-dXCGCGCG)(2), where X is an unpaired natural or nonnatural deoxynucleoside, to study the forces that stabilize aqueous aromatic stacking in the context of DNA. Thermal denaturation experiments show that the core duplex (lacking X) is formed with a free energy (37 °C) of -8.1 kcal·mol(-1) in a pH 7.0 buffer containing 1 M Na(+). We studied the effects of adding single dangling nucleosides (X) where the aromatic "base" is adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, pyrrole, benzene, 4-methylindole, 5-nitroindole, trimethylbenzene, difluorotoluene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene. Adding these dangling residues is found to stabilize the duplex by an additional -0.8 to -3.4 kcal·mol(-1). At 5 μM DNA concentration, T(m) values range from 41.7 °C (core sequence) to 64.1 °C (with dangling pyrene residues). For the four natural bases, the order of stacking ability is A > G ≥ T = C. The nonpolar analogues stack more strongly in general than the more polar natural bases. The stacking geometry was confirmed in two cases (X = adenine and pyrene) by 2-D NOESY experiments. Also studied is the effect of ethanol cosolvent on the stacking of natural bases and pyrene. Stacking abilities were compared to calculated values for hydrophobicity, dipole moment, polarizability, and surface area. In general, hydrophobic effects are found to be larger than other effects stabilizing stacking (electrostatic effects, dispersion forces); however, the natural DNA bases are found to be less dependent on hydrophobic effects than are the more nonpolar compounds. The results also point out strategies for the design nucleoside analogues that stack considerably more strongly than the natural bases; such compounds may be useful in stabilizing designed DNA structures and complexes.
Human Opiorphin, a natural antinociceptive modulator of opioid-dependent pathways (2006)

Mammalian zinc ectopeptidases play important roles in turning off neural and hormonal peptide signals at the cell surface, notably those processing sensory information. We report here the discovery of a previously uncharacterized physiological inhibitor of enkephalin-inactivating zinc ectopeptidases in humans, which we have named Opiorphin. It is a QRFSR peptide that inhibits two enkephalin-catabolizing ectoenzymes, human neutral ecto-endopeptidase, hNEP (EC 3.4.24.11), and human ecto-aminopeptidase, hAP-N (EC 3.4.11.2). Opiorphin displays potent analgesic activity in chemical and mechanical pain models by activating endogenous opioid-dependent transmission. Its function is closely related to the rat sialorphin peptide, which is an inhibitor of pain perception and acts by potentiating endogenous mu- and delta-opioid receptor-dependent enkephalinergic pathways. Here we demonstrate the functional specificity in vivo of human Opiorphin. The pain-suppressive potency of Opiorphin is as effective as morphine in the behavioral rat model of acute mechanical pain, the pin-pain test. Thus, our discovery of Opiorphin is extremely exciting from a physiological point of view in the context of endogenous opioidergic pathways, notably in modulating mood-related states and pain sensation. Furthermore, because of its in vivo properties, Opiorphin may have therapeutic implications.
Prions. The mysterious infectious agents. (2004)

Prions, a novel biological entity are causative agents of fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Such diseases gain importance because of its effect on both humans and animals and because of the unique biological features of the infectious agent. Since its discovery the agent responsible has remained mysterious in its mechanism of action, pathogenesis and the ability to produce disease. In this review, the considerable evidence regarding the molecular biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and therapeutic approaches are being discussed. The advances in understandings of fundamental biology of prion diseases may open the possibilities for the prevention and treatment of these unusual diseases.
CDKN2A mutation and deletion status in thin and thick primary melanoma. (2000)

Human melanoma cell lines and tumor tissue from familial and sporadic melanomas have frequent, nonrandom chromosomal breaks and deletions on chromosome 9p21, a region that includes the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A/p16INK4A. Germ-line mutations within this gene have been observed in some familial melanoma kindreds, but somatic mutation in sporadic primary melanoma is infrequent. Thirty-nine archival, paraffin-embedded, sporadic, primary cutaneous malignant melanomas (20 >3-mm-thick and 19 <0.75-mm-thick cases) were examined for mutations of the CDKN2A gene using single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. No mutations were detected. Loss of heterozygosity for the 9p21 microsatellite marker D9S942 was detected in 6 of 17 informative thick lesions (35%) but 0 of 18 thin lesions (P = 0.006). These results support other studies indicating that intragenic mutation is an infrequent mechanism of CDKN2A inactivation in primary melanoma. The finding of loss of heterozygosity for the 9p21 microsatellite D9S942 in thick but not thin primary melanoma suggests that deletion or inactivation of CDKN2A or other tumor suppressor gene(s) at this locus is involved in the progression rather than initiation of sporadic malignant melanoma.
Therapeutic Hypothermia for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Electron-transfer-initiated photospirocyclization reactions of .beta.-enaminone-derived allyliminium salts (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-transfer-initiated photospirocyclization reactions of .beta.-enaminone-derived allyliminium saltsJohn W. Ullrich, Fang Ting Chiu, Tammy Tiner-Harding, and Patrick S. MarianoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2, 220–228Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00176a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views428Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Drug-sensitiveFGFR2mutations in endometrial carcinoma (2008)

Oncogenic activation of tyrosine kinases is a common mechanism of carcinogenesis and, given the druggable nature of these enzymes, an attractive target for anticancer therapy. Here, we show that somatic mutations of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) tyrosine kinase gene, FGFR2, are present in 12% of endometrial carcinomas, with additional instances found in lung squamous cell carcinoma and cervical carcinoma. These FGFR2 mutations, many of which are identical to mutations associated with congenital craniofacial developmental disorders, are constitutively activated and oncogenic when ectopically expressed in NIH 3T3 cells. Inhibition of FGFR2 kinase activity in endometrial carcinoma cell lines bearing such FGFR2 mutations inhibits transformation and survival, implicating FGFR2 as a novel therapeutic target in endometrial carcinoma.