gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Fluconazole in Prophylaxis and Treatment of Experimental Candida Endocarditis (1990)

The efficacy of fluconazole, a bis-triazole antifungal agent, for prophylaxis and treatment of endocarditis due to Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis is assessed in a rabbit model. Fourteen daily injections of fluconazole at doses of 20 and 10 mg/kg of body weight eradicated C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, respectively, from the cardiac vegetations in all animals tested. Amphotericin B (3 mg/kg) and flucytosine (35 mg/kg) both singly and in combination failed to achieve eradication in 100% of the animals. A two-dose prophylactic regimen of 30 mg of fluconazole/kg was consistently successful in preventing experimental endocarditis caused by C. albicans or C. parapsilosis.
Drilling With a Parasite Aerating String in the Disturbed Belt, Gallatin County, Montana (1986)

ABSTRACT Drilling for oil and gas in the Overthrust and Disturbed belts of the Rocky Mountains has received considerable attention in recent years. Zones having low pressure gradients are frequently encountered, when drilling in the mountains. Operating companies and drilling contractors have learned to respect lost circulation problems. This paper discusses Phillips Petroleum Company's approach for controlling this problem in a well drilled in Gallatin County, Montana. Using compressed air down the drill pipe to lighten the drilling mud's hydrostatic pressure is an accepted method of combating lost circulation. A parasite aerating string is a tubing string attached to the outside of the surface or intermediate casing and is used to inject air into the casing-drill pipe annul us. Reduction in hydrostatic pressure to effective mud weights of 6 ppg (719 kg/m2) or less can be obtained with the proper air/mud ratios and the correct setting depth of the air injection point. A parasite aerating string offers several advantages over using an air-mud mixture down the drill pipe: Ease of operation, no special procedure needed for making connections or trips. No changes in downhole equipment are required. Conventional bit hydraulics can be used. Air does not contact the open hole. Corrosion is limited to the coolest section of the hole and only above the injection point.
Cyanine dye labeling reagents: Sulfoindocyanine succinimidyl esters (1993)

A series of new fluorescent labeling reagents based on sulfoindocyanine dyes has been developed. We describe the synthesis and properties of these reagents. They contain succinimidyl ester reactive groups and can be readily conjugated to antibodies, avidin, DNA, lipids, polymers, and other amino-group-containing materials. The labeling reagents are water soluble, pH insensitive, and show much reduced dye aggregation under labeling conditions. One of the reagents, Cy3, can be excited with the 488-, 514- and 532-nm laser lines and is optimally excited with the 546-nm mercury arc line. Another, Cy5, can be excited with the 633-nm HeNe and 647-nm Kr laser lines available with many flow cytometers and confocal laser-scanning microscopes. New laser diodes emitting near 650 nm should also be excellent excitation sources for Cy5.
Lignosulfonate-modified calcium hydroxide for sulfur dioxide control (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleLignosulfonate-modified calcium hydroxide for sulfur dioxide controlDavid A. Kirchgessner and Jeffrey M. LorrainCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1987, 26, 11, 2397–2400Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00071a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00071a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quadrupolar stimulation for cochlear prostheses: modeling and experimental data (1996)

Cochlear implants are electrically driven in monopolar, bipolar, or common ground mode. Ideally, a quadrupolar mode is created with three colinear electrodes, where the outer poles are half the inverse polarity value of the center electrode. The resulting field is highly focused. Models of point sources show that the quadrupolar paradigm offers a greater choice of parameters to shape the field. Simulation with a lumped-parameter model of the cochlea confirms the focusing action of the quadrupole in the layers of the inner ear. Field measurements in saline solution and in the scala tympani of guinea pigs show that focusing occurs with the quadrupolar mode. It is conceivable that quadrupolar stimulation will affect the pitch place coding, reduce channel interaction and limit facial or tactile stimulation induced by current spread.
Generation of a Humanized, High Affinity Anti-tissue Factor Antibody for Use as a Novel Antithrombotic Therapeutic (2001)

Blocking the cofactor function of human tissue factor may be beneficial in various coagulation-mediated diseases. The murine antibody D3 binds to the membrane proximal substrate interaction region of human tissue factor and blocks tissue factor function even in the presence of bound factor VIIa. The cloned murine D3 antibody was humanized and affinity matured by exchanging amino acids in the complementarity determining regions as well as in the antibody framework. The humanized antibody, D3H44, bound to tissue factor with a 100-fold increased affinity (KD 0.1 nM) as compared to the original murine and chimeric versions. Depending on the particular disease, different pharmacokinetic properties of the antibody may be required and, therefore, several antibody variants-- F(ab), F(ab')2, IgG2, IgG4 and IgG4b-were generated. In vitro, the humanized D3 antibodies displayed potent inhibition of plasma clotting and tissue factor: factor VIIa-mediated activation of factors IX and X (e.g. D3H44-F(ab')2, IC50(F.X) 47 pM). In addition, D3H44-F(ab')2 completely prevented fibrin deposition in a human ex vivo thrombosis model under venous blood flow conditions (IC50 37 nM). The humanized D3 antibodies may be utilized for treatment of cardiovascular diseases which involve tissue factor activity, e.g. acute coronary syndrome and venous thrombosis.
Visible pulse compression to 4 fs by optical parametric amplification and programmable dispersion control (2002)

Angular dispersion of pump frequencies is shown to be an efficient mechanism for bandwidth enhancement in a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier. We demonstrate the generation of a continuous, simultaneously phase-matched 250-THz parametrically amplified spectrum. The resultant visible-near-IR signal-wave pulses were compressed to a 4-fs duration by a micromachined flexible mirror. Feedback for an iterative computer-controlled dispersion compensation algorithm is based on pulse characterization by second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating.
Human huntingtin derived from YAC transgenes compensates for loss of murine huntingtin by rescue of the embryonic lethal phenotype (1996)

Huntington disease (HD) is caused by expansion of a CAG trinucleotide repeat in exon 1 of a novel gene. The HD protein (huntingtin) plays a critical role in early embryonic development since homozygous targeted disruption of the murine HD gene results in embryonic lethality by day 7.5. To rescue this phenotype by transgene based huntingtin expression it is therefore essential to express the protein early enough in development in the appropriate cells. Since YAC based transgenes are known to be regulated in an appropriate temporal and tissue-specific manner, we sought to rescue the embryonic lethality by breeding YAC transgenic mice expressing human huntingtin with mice heterozygous for the targeted disruption. We generated viable offspring homozygous for the disrupted murine HD gene but expressing human huntingtin derived from the YAC. This result clearly shows that YAC transgene based expression of huntingtin occurs prior to 7.5 days gestation. Additionally, we show that human huntingtin expression in YAC transgenic mice follows an identical tissue distribution and subcellular localisation pattern as that of the murine endogenous protein and that expression levels of 2-3 times endogenous can be achieved. This shows that human huntingtin under the influence of its native promoter, despite differences to the murine protein, is functional in a murine background and can compensate for loss of the murine protein. These results show that YAC transgenic approaches are a particularly promising route to producing an animal model for disorders associated with CAG expansion.
Alterations of the retinoic acid receptor α(RARα) gene in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies (1999)

The retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) protein plays a central role in myeloid differentiation, and chromosomal translocations disrupting the RAR alpha gene are implicated in the development of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). To identify haemopoietic malignant disorders which may also be linked to RAR alpha abnormalities, Southern blot analysis was performed in DNA from 153 patients with haematological malignancies other than AML FAB type M3 using RAR alpha cDNA probes. Alterations of RAR alpha were detected in 1/42 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 2/24 AML, 3/47 B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemias (B-CLL), 0/40 lymphomas and 0/60 normal individuals. These data strongly suggest that alterations of RAR alpha might predispose for myeloid and lymphoid disorders.
Application of Piezo/Pyroelectric Films In Medical Transducers (1988)

Piezo/pyroelectric films are capable of generating electrical signals in response to mechanical stress or heat flow, making them the equivalent of a capacitor connected in parallel with a leakage resistor and current source. The piezo- and pyroelectric coefficients, and electrical and thermal time constants of such films can be useful in the design of medical sensors. The author describes three electronic interface circuits: a voltage follower, current-to-voltage converter, and charge-to-voltage converter. Applications for such transducers include a contact microphone, strain-gauge plethysmograph, respiration monitor, thermal imaging sensor, “instant” thermometer, and a thermal scanner.
Control of gene expression by oligonucleotides covalently linked to intercalating agents (1989)

Oligodeoxynucleotides covalently linked to intercalating agents selectively recognize the complementary sequence of the oligonucleotide. The intercalating agent provides an additional binding energy which stabilizes the complex. These substances can be used in vitro to block mRNA translation. In cell cultures they are able to inhibit the cytopathic effect of viruses, such as influenza virus and the oncogenic virus SV40. They kill trypanosomes in culture as a result of protein synthesis inhibition. A reactive group can be attached to an oligodeoxynucleotide in order to achieve site-directed modifications of the target sequence. Metal complexes of EDTA, phenanthroline or porphyrins induce cleavage reactions of the phosphodiester backbone in both DNA and RNA. Photoactive groups can be used to modify bases in the complementary sequence. The double helix can be recognized and modified by oligonucleotides that bind to the major groove, forming a local triple helix. These site-directed modifications may inhibit biological processes. The oligonucleotide can be made resistant to nuclease digestion by substituting the synthetic alpha-anomers of nucleosides to the natural beta-nucleosides. These results provide the basis for the design of gene-specific inhibitors that can be used as tools in molecular and cellular biology. They also suggest new approaches for the rational development of selective anti-viral, anti-parasitic, and anti-tumoral agents.
The 1990 objectives for the nation for injury prevention: a progress review. (1984)

Unintentional injuries are the principal cause of preventable early death. Beyond terms of human suffering and death, injuries place enormous burdens on this country's economic and health care resources. Demographic, sociological, environmental, and behavioral factors that influence our society contribute to the complexity and scope of the injury problem. Progress in injury prevention will be achieved only through the combined efforts of individuals, organizations, and government at every level of our society. The Federal Government is an important contributor to this process through its role of leading, catalyzing, and providing strategic support. Within the Department of Health and Human Services, numerous agencies have major injury prevention components with a broad range of responsibilities, including the direct delivery of services, establishment of safety standards, sponsorship of education and information efforts, building of the capacity of other sectors, basic and applied research, and surveillance. The Centers for Disease Control, as the lead agency, assists State and local health departments in their injury prevention efforts and coordinates activities undertaken jointly by Federal agencies, State and local governments, and private-sector organizations. To meet the 1990 Objectives for the Nation with respect to injury prevention, both the public health and private-sector providers must recognize the injury problem of the 1980s. Without the support and involvement of the public health and provider communities and of the private sector, injuries and their costs will continue at their present alarming rates. The opportunity is great for promoting health, preventing injuries, and reducing associated costs to society. Making the best of this opportunity is our challenge during this decade.
Tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism at the human coagulation factor XIII A subunit gene (F13A1) (1991)

Journal Article Tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism at the human coagulation factor XIII A subunit gene (F13A1) Get access M.H. Polymeropoulos, M.H. Polymeropoulos National Institute of Mental Health Neuroscience CenterSt Elizabeths Hospital, Room 131, 2700 Martin Luther King Avenue, Washington, DC 20032, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D.S. Rath, D.S. Rath National Institute of Mental Health Neuroscience CenterSt Elizabeths Hospital, Room 131, 2700 Martin Luther King Avenue, Washington, DC 20032, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Xiao, H. Xiao National Institute of Mental Health Neuroscience CenterSt Elizabeths Hospital, Room 131, 2700 Martin Luther King Avenue, Washington, DC 20032, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.R. Merril C.R. Merril National Institute of Mental Health Neuroscience CenterSt Elizabeths Hospital, Room 131, 2700 Martin Luther King Avenue, Washington, DC 20032, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 15, 11 August 1991, Page 4306, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.15.4306-a Published: 11 August 1991
Helical model of nucleation and propagation to account for the growth of type I collagen fibrils from symmetrical pointed tips: a special example of self-assembly of rod-like monomers. (1992)

A model was developed to account for the recent observations indicating that type I collagen fibrils assembled in vivo grow from symmetrical pointed tips. The essential features of the model are (i) a distinctive structural nucleus forms at each end of a growing fibril and growth of the fibril then proceeds by propagation of the two structural nuclei, (ii) the two structural nuclei have similar spiral or helical conformations, and (iii) assembly of each structural nucleus requires two kinds of specific binding steps defined as 3.4 D-period and 0.4 D-period overlaps, but propagation of the nucleus requires only the 3.4 D-period binding step.
Bacopaside III, Bacopasaponin G, and Bacopasides A, B, and C from Bacopa monniera (2002)

Two new saponins, 3-O-[6-O-sulfonyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl pseudojujubogenin (1) and 3-O-[alpha-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl jujubogenin (2), a new matsutaka alcohol derivative, (3R)-1-octan-3-yl-(6-O-sulfonyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (3), a new phenylethanoid glycoside, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (2-O-feruloyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (4), and a new glycoside, phenylethyl alcohol [5-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-d-apiofuranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-d-glucopyranoside (5), were isolated from Bacopa monniera. Their structures were established by NMR, MS, and chemical methods.
Status Epilepticus-Induced Somatostatinergic Hilar Interneuron Degeneration Is Regulated by Striatal Enriched Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (2007)

Excitotoxic cell death is one of the precipitating events in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy. Of particular prominence is the loss of GABAergic hilar neurons. Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for the selective vulnerability of these cells are not well understood, activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway has been implicated in neuroprotective responses to excitotoxicity in other neuronal populations. Here, we report that high levels of the striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), a key regulator of ERK/MAPK signaling, are found in vulnerable somatostatin-immunoreactive hilar interneurons. Under both control conditions and after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE), ERK/MAPK activation was repressed in STEP-immunoreactive hilar neurons. This contrasts with robust SE-induced ERK/MAPK activation in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, a cell region that does not express STEP. During pilocarpine-induced SE, in vivo disruption of STEP activity allowed activation of the MAPK pathway, leading to immediate-early gene expression and significant rescue from cell death. Thus, STEP increases the sensitivity of neurons to SE-induced excitotoxicity by specifically blocking a latent neuroprotective response initiated by the MAPK pathway. These findings identify a key set of signaling events that render somatostatinergic hilar interneurons vulnerable to SE-induced cell death.
Efficient production of neural stem cells and neurons from embryonic stem cells (2004)

We have developed a simple method to efficiently produce a large number of neural stem cells and neurons from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. When cultured in astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) with mitogens (FGF-2 and EGF) under free-floating conditions, colonies of undifferentiated ES cells give rise to neural stem spheres (NSSs), composed of plentiful neural stem cells. Subsequent culture of the NSSs on an adhesive substrate with mitogens results in the migration of neural stem cells onto the substrate. These cells can be expanded, preserved by freezing, and differentiated into functional neurons. Neural stem cells and neurons provided by this NSS method may be valuable as potential donor cells for neuronal transplantation and also as convenient alternatives to tissue-derived neural cells.
Insulin Staining of ES Cell Progeny from Insulin Uptake (2003)

Diurnal temperature range in winter wheat–growing regions of China: CMIP6 model evaluation and comparison,
Epitope characterization and crystal structure of GA101 provide insights into the molecular basis for type I/II distinction of CD20 antibodies (2011)

CD20 is a cell-surface marker of normal and malignant B cells. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, has improved the treatment of malignant lymphomas. Therapeutic CD20 antibodies are classified as either type I or II based on different mechanisms of killing malignant B cells. To reveal the molecular basis of this distinction, we fine-mapped the epitopes recognized by both types. We also determined the first X-ray structure of a type II antibody by crystallizing the obinutuzumab (GA101) Fab fragment alone and in complex with a CD20 cyclopeptide. Despite recognizing an overlapping epitope, GA101 binds CD20 in a completely different orientation than type I antibodies. Moreover, the elbow angle of GA101 is almost 30° wider than in type I antibodies, potentially resulting in different spatial arrangements of 2 CD20 molecules bound to a single GA101 or rituximab molecule. Using protein tomography, different CD20 complexes were found to be associated with the 2 antibodies, and confocal microscopy showed different membrane compartmentalization of these subpopulations of the cellular CD20 pool. Our findings offer a possible molecular explanation for the different cellular responses elicited by type I and II antibodies.
Interstitial deletion of chromosome 22 in a patient with the DiGeorge malformation sequence (1989)

We describe a chromosome 22 deletion in a patient with the DiGeorge malformation sequence as manifested by an interrupted aortic arch, mild thymic hypoplasia, and minor craniofacial anomalies. Although others have reported DiGeorge sequence patients with deletions derived from unbalanced translocations involving the chromosome 22 long arm, the small interstitial deletion described here appears to be unusual for patients with this disorder.
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells as vehicles for interferon-beta delivery into tumors. (2002)

Molecules that physiologically control cell proliferation are often produced locally in tissues and are rapidly destroyed when they enter circulation. This allows local effects while avoiding interference with other systems. Unfortunately, it also limits the therapeutic use of these molecules via systemic delivery. We here demonstrate that, for the purpose of anticancer therapy, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can produce biological agents locally at tumor sites. We show that the tumor microenvironment preferentially promotes the engraftment of MSCs as compared with other tissues. MSCs with forced expression of IFN-beta inhibited the growth of malignant cells in vivo. Importantly, this effect required the integration of MSCs into the tumors and could not be achieved by systemically delivered IFN-beta or by IFN-beta produced by MSCs at a site distant from the tumors. Our results indicate that MSCs may serve as a platform for delivery of biological agents in tumors.
Luminogenic cytochrome P450 assays (2006)

Luminogenic cytochrome P450 (CYP) assays couple CYP enzyme activity to firefly luciferase luminescence in a technology called P450-Glo(TM) (Promega). Luminogenic substrates are used in assays of human CYP1A1, -1A2, -1B1, -2C8, -2C9, -2C19, -2D6, -2J2, -3A4, -3A7, -4A11, -4F3B, -4F12 and -19. The assays detect dose-dependent CYP inhibition by test compounds against recombinant CYP enzymes or liver microsomes. Induction or inhibition of CYP activities in cultured hepatocytes is measured in a nonlytic approach that leaves cells intact for additional analysis. Luminogenic CYP assays offer advantages of speed and safety over HPLC and radiochemical-based methods. Compared with fluorogenic methods the approach offers advantages of improved sensitivity and decreased interference between optical properties of test compound and CYP substrate. These homogenous assays are sensitive and robust tools for high-throughput CYP screening in early drug discovery.