gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiroinositol deficiency and insulin resistance. II. Acute effects of D-chiroinositol administration in streptozotocin-diabetic rats, normal rats given a glucose load, and spontaneously insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys. (1993)

The acute effects of administration of D-chiroinositol (D-CI), a component of a putative mediator of insulin action, on plasma glucose were examined in low dose streptozotocin-treated rats and normal rats given a glucose load and the effects on plasma glucose and insulin were determined in five obese rhesus monkeys with varying degrees of spontaneous insulin resistance. Single dose intragastric D-CI (10 mg/kg) administered to streptozotocin-treated rats produced a 30-40% decrease in plasma glucose (P < 0.05) at 30-120 min. Single dose intragastric D-CI (2-15 mg/kg) administered to normal rats 2 h before ip glucose produced a 30-50% decrease (P < 0.05) in plasma glucose. D-CI (10 mg/kg) caused a 50% increase (P < 0.05) in glucose disappearance rates in these rats. Myoinositol (10 mg/kg) was without effect. Intravenously administered single dose D-CI (100 mg/kg) increased both the glucose and insulin disappearance rates by 129 +/- 41% (mean +/- SE; P < 0.06) and 89 +/- 39% (P = 0.01), respectively, in all monkeys between 0-30 min compared to control values. D-CI administration, therefore, lowered elevated plasma glucose in streptozotocin-treated hyperglycemic rats, normal rats given a glucose load, and spontaneously insulin-resistant monkeys with or without noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Intravenous D-CI also lowered plasma insulin in these monkeys.
Cutting Edge: CD40-Induced Expression of Recombination Activating Gene (RAG) 1 and RAG2: A Mechanism for the Generation of Autoaggressive T Cells in the Periphery (2003)

It has been speculated that autoimmune diseases are caused by failure of central tolerance. However, this remains controversial. We have suggested that CD40 expression identifies autoaggressive T cells in the periphery of autoimmune prone mice. In this study, we report that CD40 was cloned from autoaggressive T cells and that engagement induces expression and nuclear translocation of the recombinases, recombination activating gene (RAG) 1 and RAG2 in the autoaggressive, but not in the nonautoaggressive, peripheral T cell population. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CD40 engagement induces altered TCR Valpha, but not Vbeta, expression in these cells. Therefore, CD40-regulated expression of RAG1 and RAG2 in peripheral T cells may constitute a novel pathway for the generation of autoaggressive T cells.
Nitric oxide-generating vasodilators and 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. (1989)

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor has been recently identified as nitric oxide. The purpose of this study was to determine if vasodilator drugs that generate nitric oxide inhibit vascular smooth muscle mitogenesis and proliferation in culture. Three chemically dissimilar vasodilators, sodium nitroprusside, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine and isosorbide dinitrate, dose-dependently inhibited serum-induced thymidine incorporation by rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Moreover, 8-bromo-cGMP mimicked the antimitogenic effect of the nitric oxide-generating drugs. The antimitogenic effect of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine was inhibited by hemoglobin and potentiated by superoxide dismutase, supporting the view that nitric oxide was the ultimate effector. Sodium nitroprusside and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine significantly decreased the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, the inhibition of mitogenesis and proliferation was shown to be independent of cell damage, as documented by several criteria of cell viability. These results suggest that endogenous nitric oxide may function as a modulator of vascular smooth muscle cell mitogenesis and proliferation, by a cGMP-mediated mechanism.
Effect of nutrient deficiencies in man (1978)

Introduction to the UCGIS Research Agenda Spatial Data Acquisition and Integration Cognition of Geographic Information Scale Extensions to Geographic Representations Spatial Analysis and Modeling in a GIS Environment Research Issues on Uncertainty in Geographic Data and GIS-Based Analysis The Future of the Spatial Information Infrastructure Distributed and Mobile Computing GIS and Society: Interrelation, Integration, and Transformation Geographic Visualization Ontological Foundations for Geographic Information Science Remotely-Acquired Data and Information in GIScience Geospatial Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Postscript on the UCGIS and Research
RaptorQ Forward Error Correction Scheme for Object Delivery (2011)

This document describes a Fully-Specified Forward Error Correction (FEC) scheme, corresponding to FEC Encoding ID 6, for the RaptorQ FEC code and its application to reliable delivery of data objects.RaptorQ codes are a new family of codes that provide superior flexibility, support for larger source block sizes, and better coding efficiency than Raptor codes in RFC 5053.RaptorQ is also a fountain code, i.e., as many encoding symbols as needed can be generated on the fly by the encoder from the source symbols of a source block of data.The decoder is able to recover the source block from almost any set of encoding symbols of sufficient cardinality --in most cases, a set of cardinality equal to the number of source symbols is sufficient; in rare cases, a set of cardinality slightly more than the number of source symbols is required.The RaptorQ code described here is a systematic code, meaning that all the source symbols are among the encoding symbols that can be generated.
5-Methylcytosine DNA glycosylase participates in the genome-wide loss of DNA methylation occurring during mouse myoblast differentiation (2001)

Changes in gene expression during mouse myoblast differentiation were monitored by DNA microarray hybridisation. Four days after the onset of differentiation 2.37% of the genes increased in activity from a value of zero, whereas during the same time 1.68% of total genes had decreased expression. During the first 24 h of differentiation an average of 700 000 CpG sites per haploid genome were demethylated. Maximal loss of DNA methylation is attained after 2 days of differentiation, followed by a gradual remethylation. The highest demethylation is observed in highly repeated DNA sequences, followed by single copy sequences. When DNA replication is inhibited by aphidicolin or L-mimosine this genome-wide demethylation is still observed. During the first 3 h of differentiation there is an increase in the number of hemimethylated CpG sites, which disappear rapidly during the course of genome-wide hypomethylation. Transfection of cells with an antisense morpholino oligonucleotide to 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase (G/T mismatch DNA glycosylase) decreases both the activity of the enzyme and genome-wide demethylation. It is concluded that the genome-wide loss of DNA methylation in differentiating mouse myoblasts occurs in part by formation of hemimethylated CpG sites, which can serve as the substrate for 5-methylcytosine-DNA glycosylase.
Delivering library instruction with screencast software: a Jing is worth a thousand words! (2010)

It can be a challenge meeting the different learning styles of your library clients, who may be based at different campus locations, and who, at various times, may be on clinical placement at a health facility anywhere from Broken Hill to the Gold Coast. This is exactly the situation faced by the Health and Human Sciences Liaison Librarian team at Southern Cross University (SCU) in Northern NSW/Southern Queensland. This presentation describes our use of the screencast software, Jing, to deliver short, focused, online training aimed at helping clients make the most of the information resources the library provides, whether they’re on campus, on placement, or studying online. Jing allows you to record a video, with audio, of your onscreen demonstration, training or presentation, which your clients can watch at their time of need – ‘just-in-time’ training. The Health and Human Sciences team has produced three Jing clips tailored to specific assessments, and two relating to particular tasks that the students were finding difficult to master. Links to the clips were then placed in Blackboard unit sites (the SCU Learning Management System) along with Blackboard announcements/emails notifying students the clips were available. Clips can also be prepared quickly to respond to individual queries from external students, providing that personal touch. It has allowed the team to provide individualised, personal assistance to client queries without having to be physically present. Initial feedback indicates that students have responded well to the use of these clips, and Liaison Librarians for all SCU Schools are developing clips for use in a range of discipline areas. Further evaluation needs to be carried out to determine the extent of use by students, and student satisfaction, with this form of training.
Temperature‐Driven Switching of Water Adhesion on Organogel Surface (2013)

Temperature-driven switching of water adhesion is realized on a novel n-paraffinswollen organogel by thermally controlling the transition of air/liquid/solid (ALS/ALLS) systems via the phasechange process of n-paraffin. The thermal control of both the water-drop sliding motion and the switching of the optical transparency shows potential applications in scientific research and daily life.
Construction of a cDNA to the hamster CAD gene and its application toward defining the domain for aspartate transcarbamylase. (1985)

cDNA complementary to hamster mRNA encoding the CAD protein, a multifunctional protein which carries the first three enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis, was constructed. The longest of these recombinants (pCAD142) covers 82% of the 7.9-kilobase mRNA. Portions of the cDNA were excised and replaced by a lac promoter-operator-initiation codon segment. The resultant plasmids were transfected into an Escherichia coli mutant defective in aspartate transcarbamylase, the second enzyme of the pathway. Complementation of the bacterial defect was observed with as little as 2.2 kilobases of cDNA sequence, corresponding to the 3' region of the mRNA. DNA sequencing in this region of the hamster cDNA reveals stretches which are highly homologous to the E. coli gene for the catalytic subunit of aspartate transcarbamylase; other stretches show no homology. The highly conserved regions probably reflect areas of protein structure critical to catalysis, while the nonconserved regions may reflect differences between the quaternary structures of E. coli and mammalian aspartate transcarbamylases, one such difference being that the bacterial enzyme in its native form is allosterically regulated and the mammalian enzyme is not.
Synthetic peptide vaccine against mucosal colonization by group A streptococci. I. Protection against a heterologous M serotype with shared C repeat region epitopes. (1990)

M protein is an antigenically variable virulence determinant present on the surface of group A streptococci, and it provides the basis for the serologic typing scheme. Type-specific serum antibodies afford strong protection against infection by the homologous serotype. Non-type-specific antigenic epitopes also exist within the surface-exposed portion of M protein. Previous studies demonstrated that intranasal immunization with Ag corresponding to sequences within the non-type-specific pepsin-susceptible site and adjacent C repeat regions of M6 protein, evoke protective immunity against pharyngeal colonization by type 6 streptococci in a mouse model. Although the protective immunogens are not type-specific, the pepsin site region of M6 is shared among less than 20% of serotypes examined. Therefore it was necessary to determine whether more highly conserved M protein epitopes elicit mucosal protection against group A streptococci, and if protective immunity extends to heterologous serotypes. In this report, peptides were synthesized that correspond to sequences completely contained within the highly conserved C repeat region of M6 protein. Peptide Ag were covalently coupled to the mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), and mice immunized intranasally and orally with peptide-CTB conjugates were compared to control groups that received CTB only. Immunization with the peptide-CTB conjugates led to significant protection against pharyngeal colonization by group A streptococci. Furthermore, protection was observed against the heterologous M serotype, type 14. These findings suggest that protection against multiple serotypes of group A streptococci can be achieved with a vaccine consisting of the widely shared C repeat region of M6 protein.
Prediction of the structures of proteins with the UNRES force field, including dynamic formation and breaking of disulfide bonds (2004)

The presence of disulfide bonds is essential for maintaining the structure and function of many proteins. The disulfide bonds are usually formed dynamically during folding. This process is not accounted for in present algorithms for protein-structure prediction, which either deduce the possible positions of disulfide bonds only after the structure is formed or assume fixed disulfide bonds during the course of simulated folding. In this work, the conformational space annealing (CSA) method and the UNRES united-residue force field were extended to treat dynamic formation of disulfide bonds. A harmonic potential is imposed on the distance between disulfide-bonded cysteine side-chain centroids to describe the energetics of bond distortion and an energy gain of 5.5 kcal/mol is added for disulfide-bond formation. Formation, breaking and rearrangement of disulfide bonds are included in the CSA search by introducing appropriate operations; the search can also be carried out with a fixed disulfide-bond arrangement. The algorithm was applied to four proteins: 1EI0 (alpha), 1NKL (alpha), 1L1I (beta-helix) and 1ED0 (alpha + beta). For 1EI0, a low-energy structure with correct fold was obtained both in the runs without and with disulfide bonds; however, it was obtained as the lowest in energy only with the native disulfide-bond arrangement. For the other proteins studied, structures with the correct fold were obtained as the lowest (1NKL and 1L1I) or low-energy structures (1ED0) only in runs with disulfide bonds, although the final disulfide-bond arrangement was non-native. The results demonstrate that, by including the possibility of formation of disulfide bonds, the predictive power of the UNRES force field is enhanced, even though the disulfide-bond potential introduced here rarely produces disulfide bonds in native positions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first algorithm for energy-based prediction of the structure of disulfide-bonded proteins without any assumption as to the positions of native disulfides or human intervention. Directions for improving the potentials and the search method are suggested.
Intra-articular treatment with sodium hyaluronate in gonarthrosis: a controlled clinical trial versus placebo. (1987)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out in 34 patients suffering from osteo-arthritis of the knee. A total of 40 joints was treated at random with 3 intra-articular injections, at 1 week intervals, of either 20 mg sodium hyaluronate or placebo. Clinical examinations, including assessments of spontaneous pain intensity, pain on touch, under load and while walking, were made before each injection and repeated 7 days after the last one and again at 60 days after the start of the trial. The results showed a significant difference between treatments for all the variables assessed. In the sodium hyaluronate group, pain relief was not only rapid but also long lasting. Local tolerance was very good for both treatments.
Iron chelators for the treatment of iron overload disease: Relationship between structure, redox activity, and toxicity (2003)

The success of the iron (Fe) chelator desferrioxamine (DFO) in the treatment of beta-thalassemia is limited by its lack of bioavailability. The design and characterization of synthetic alternatives to DFO has attracted much scientific interest and has led to the discovery of orally active chelators that can remove pathological Fe deposits. However, chelators that access intracellular Fe pools can be toxic by either inhibiting Fe-containing enzymes or promoting Fe-mediated free radical damage. Interestingly, toxicity does not necessarily correlate with Fe-binding affinity or with chelation efficacy, suggesting that other factors may promote the cytopathic effects of chelators. In this review, we discuss the interactions of chelators and their Fe complexes with biomolecules that can lead to toxicity and tissue damage.
Novel method for electrode-tissue contact measurement with multi-electrode catheters (2016)

Data of the present study suggest that electrode-tissue contact affects the IR while being highly insensitive to remote structures. This method facilitates electrode-tissue contact measurements with circular multi-electrode ablation catheters.
Discovery and Optimization of a Novel Series of Dyrk1B Kinase Inhibitors To Explore a MEK Resistance Hypothesis (2015)

Potent and selective inhibitors of Dyrk1B kinase were developed to explore the hypothesis, based on siRNA studies, that Dyrk1B may be a resistance mechanism in cells undergoing a stress response.
RECURRENCE OF VITREOUS AMYLOIDOSIS AND NEED OF SURGICAL REINTERVENTION IN PORTUGUESE PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL AMYLOIDOSIS ATTR V30M (2011)

Recurrence of amyloid deposition only occurred in nonextensive vitrectomized eyes and represents a false recurrence associated with incomplete vitrectomy.
A radioimmunoassay for the detection of a human tumor‐associated glycoprotein (tag‐72) using monoclonal antibody B72.3 (1986)

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3 was generated against a carcinoma metastasis and has been shown to bind with a high degree of selectivity to a tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) found in human colon and breast carcinomas, while showing minimal reactivity to any normal adult tissues. Competition radioimmunoassays have been developed for the detection of TAG-72 in tumors and sera from both athymic mice bearing human carcinoma xenografts and patients with colon, breast and other carcinomas. The distribution of TAG-72 in human tumor xenografts was restricted to tumors originating from the LS-174T human colon carcinoma, with no significant reactivity being detected in human tumor xenografts from a different colon carcinoma, a human breast carcinoma, or a human melanoma. The levels of TAG-72 in clinical material obtained from surgery were examined; high levels were found in colon carcinomas and to a lesser extent in breast carcinomas, while no detectable levels were found in normal tissues. Sera from apparently normal patients contained a mean level of 2.2 units per ml of TAG-72. A level of 3 standard deviations above the mean level of TAG-72 found in normals was employed as a cut-off value to indicate a positive test result in subsequent studies. No patient with inflammatory disease or other benign colon disease exhibited elevated levels of TAG-72. Seven out of 20 patients with other carcinomas had elevated serum levels of TAG-72. The serum TAG-72 levels were compared with the serum levels of antigens recognized by the MAbs currently used to screen sera of carcinoma patients (CEA, GICA, and OC125). It was clearly demonstrated that TAG-72 is different from these antigens and can be found in some sera in which no antigen is detected by otherwise available MAb RIAs.
Nd:YAG interstitial laser phototherapy guided by magnetic resonance imaging in an ex vivo model: Dosimetry of laser‐MR‐tissue interaction (1991)

Interstitial laser phototherapy (ILP) is a promising technique in which laser energy is delivered percutaneously to various depths of tumors. This technique will become clinically useful only when efficient, sensitive, and noninvasive monitoring systems are developed. In this study, the spatial distribution of ILP in bovine liver tissue, induced by a Nd: YAG laser with an interstitial sapphire-frosted contact probe, was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tissue was exposed to three energy densities of the Nd:YAG laser by a reproducible method of dosimetry. Thermal profiles were measured with a probe inserted 5 mm from the laser tip. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were taken after the laser exposure. Tissue specimens were then evaluated for standard quantification of laser-induced damages. A linear correlation between the level of laser energy, induced temperature change, lesion size on T1 magnetic resonance image, and volume of histological damage was observed. Further improvement of this technique of dosimetry in an in vivo model should allow the development of software for MRI which will correlate the above parameters and render this technique of ILP clinically useful.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, phorbol ester, and sodium butyrate induce the CD11c integrin gene promoter activity during myeloid cell differentiation (1995)

To analyze the activity of the CD11c promoter during myeloid differentiation without the limitations of transient expression systems, we have stably transfected the myeloid U937 cell line with the pCD11C361-Luc plasmid, in which the expression of the firefly luciferase cDNA is driven by the CD11c promoter region -361/+43, previously shown to confer myeloid specificity to reporter genes. The stable transfectants (U937-C361) retained the ability to differentiate in response to phorbol-ester (PMA), sodium butyrate (SB), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and other differentiating agents. U937-C361 differentiation correlated with increased cellular luciferase levels, showing the inducibility of the CD11c promoter during myeloid differentiation and establishing the U937-C361 cells as a suitable system for studying the myeloid differentiation-inducing capacity of cytokines, growth, factors, and other biological response modifiers. Unexpectedly, the inducibility of the CD11c gene promoter showed distinct kinetics and magnitude on the PMA-, SB-, GM-CSF-triggered differentiation. Moreover, SB synergized with either PMA or GM-CSF in enhancing both the CD11c promoter activity and the cell surface expression of p150,95 on differentiating U937 cells. Furthermore, we showed the existence of a c-Myb-binding site at -85, the importance of the -99/-61 region in the CD11c promoter inducibility during PMA- or SB-triggered differentiation, and the dependency of the GM-CSF and PMA responsiveness of the CD11c promoter on an intact AP-1-binding site located at -60. These results, together with the lack of functional effect of mutations disrupting the Sp1-and Myb-binding sites within the proximal region of the CD11c promoter, indicate that the myeloid differentiation pathways indicated by SB and phorbol esters (or GM-CSF) activate a distinct set of transcription factors and show that the myeloid differentiation-inducibility of the CD11c gene maps to the -99/-53 proximal region of the promoter.