gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oracle8 Design Tips (1997)

Preface. 1. What's New in Oracle8? Oracle's Marketing Message Oracle8 Features Scalability Reliability Security More Manageable Data More Copies of Data More Ways to Represent Data Faster Access to Data Towards Object Orientation The Type System Object Views. 2. Methodologies for Oracle8 Oracle8 and Traditional Methods Oracle8 and OOAD Component-Based Development Bottom-Up or Top-Down Development. 3. Miscellaneous Oracle8 Enhancements INSTEAD OF Triggers How INSTEAD OF Triggers Work A Trigger Example The Role of INSTEAD OF Triggers PL/SQL Improvements 3GL Callouts Restrictions on 3GL Callouts Example of a 3GL Callout Deferred Constraint Checking ENFORCE Option Safeguarding Data DB_VERIFY Utility Recovery Manager Utility Using the Recovery Catalog Recovery Manager features. 4. Oracle8's Features What Is a Really Big Database? Partitioned Objects Partitioned Tables Declarative partitioning Selecting a partition strategy Date-based partitioning Using partitions explicitly Determining the partition key Partitioned Indexes Unusable index partitions Locally prefixed partitions Locally non-prefixed partitions Global partitions Index-Only Tables Reversed Key Indexes Unstructured Data and LOBs Long and Unstructured Data in Oracle7 Introducing LOBs Design Considerations BFILE or LOB Recoverability and consistency Multiple LOBs Using LOBs in cartridges Primary key indexes Piecewise operations Supporting Large Populations of Users Connection Sharing User Identification Bitmap Indexes Cooperative Indexing NOLOGGING Option APPEND Hint Direct-Path Inserts. 5. Objects Introducing ORDBMS Pick Your Analogy Carefully Arguments For and Against Decomposition The Role of the LOB Interfaces Client-side Cache The Type System Reference Pointers (REFs) Abstract Data Types (ADTs) Methods MAP function ORDER function Collections VARRAYs Nested Tables Which Collection Type? Object Views Looking Ahead. 6. Tool Support for Oracle8 Sedona Developer/2000 Designer/2000 Object Designer SQL*Plus PL/SQL C, C++, and OCI Approaches to Extracting the Data Reasons to Use OCI Java Other Tools Conclusion.
HP24 MICRORNA EXPRESSION PROFILES IN BARRETT’S OESOPHAGUS (2007)

Purpose The genetic changes that drive the metaplastic change from squamous oesophagus (NO) towards Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) and cancer are unclear. microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and contribute to cellular differentiation and identity. We sought to determine the role of miRNAs in BO. Methodology Biopsies of NO, BO and cardia were taken from 7 patients and RNA was extracted. miRNA expression profiles of 300 miRNAs were determined by microarray. Guided by the array results, real‐time Reverse Transcriptase‐Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT‐PCR) for 8 selected miRNAs enabled their expression to be studied in tissues from another 15 patients. Results Array data revealed that 39 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between NO, BO and cardia. A tissue‐specific expression profile was confirmed by RT‐PCR, with miR‐21, 143, 145, 194 and 215 significantly up regulated in BO and cardia (columnar) vs. NO (squamous). A trend towards increased miR‐21 expression from NO to BO and adenocarcinoma was observed (p = 0.1). Interestingly, high expression of miR‐143, 194 and 215 was seen in BO vs. NO (p &lt; 0.0001), but with subsequent downregulation in cancers (p = 0.1). In contrast, miR‐203 and 205 were highly expressed in NO and low in BO and cardia. A database search revealed that these miRNAs potentially target (proto‐)oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Conclusions Differences in miRNA expression are present between NO, BO, cardia and cancer. Deregulation of certain miRNAs, and their predicted effect on the expression of target genes, might contribute to the metaplastic and neoplastic process in the oesophagus and could serve as novel biomarkers to classify diseased tissues.
Ocular Findings Associated With Rhodopsin Gene Codon 17 and Codon 182 Transition Mutations in Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (1992)

Six members of a family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa were found to have a cytosine-to-thymine transition mutation in the second nucleotide of codon 17 in the rhodopsin gene that resulted in a threonine to methionine change. Three members from another family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa showed a guanine-to-adenine transition mutation in the first nucleotide of codon 182 in the rhodopsin gene that resulted in a glycine to serine change. Each of these two mutations presented with a similar phenotype because both showed a regional predilection for pigmentary changes to occur in the inferior part of the retina as well as field impairment predominantly in the superior hemisphere. Electroretinographic amplitudes were more substantial than usually encountered in other forms of retinitis pigmentosa, a finding consistent with the better visual prognosis in patients with either of these two mutations. This article documents the association of two similar phenotypes of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa with specific gene defects at a molecular level.
Purification of maturation-promoting factor, an intracellular regulator of early mitotic events. (1988)

Maturation-promoting factor causes germinal vesicle breakdown when injected into Xenopus oocytes and can induce metaphase in a cell-free system. The cell-free assay was used to monitor maturation-promoting factor during its purification from unfertilized Xenopus eggs. Ammonium sulfate precipitation and six chromatographic procedures resulted in a preparation purified greater than 3000-fold that could induce germinal vesicle breakdown within 2 hr when injected into cycloheximide-treated oocytes. Proteins of 45 kDa and 32 kDa were correlated with fractions of highest activity in both assays. These fractions contained a protein kinase activity able to phosphorylate the endogenous 45-kDa protein, as well as histone H1, phosphatase inhibitor 1, and casein. The highly purified preparations described here should help to identify the mechanism of action of maturation-promoting factor and to elucidate the role of protein kinases in the induction of metaphase.
HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (1997)

This document describes HMAC, a mechanism for message authentication using cryptographic hash functions. HMAC can be used with any iterative cryptographic hash function, e.g., MD5, SHA-1, in combination with a secret shared key. The cryptographic strength of HMAC depends on the properties of the underlying hash function.
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Second or Greater Complete Remission of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (1995)

Twenty patients with acute leukaemia in second or greater complete remission have undergone autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in our centre. Twelve patients had acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and eight patients had acute lymphoblasitic leukaemia (ALL.). Six of the patients treated for AML remain in CR. Of the eight patients with AL.L, all have died within one year of transplantation. In the patients with AML there was no relationship between the duration of previous CR and outcome of ABMT.
Sequence-specific interaction of R17 coat protein with its ribonucleic acid binding site (1983)

The interaction between phage R17 coat protein and its RNA binding site for translational repression was studied as an example of a sequence-specific RNA--protein interaction. Nuclease protection and selection experiments define the binding site to about 20 contiguous nucleotides which form a hairpin. A nitrocellulose filter retention assay is used to show that the binding between the coat protein and a synthetic 21-nucleotide RNA fragment conforms to a simple bimolecular reaction. Unit stoichiometry and a Kd of about 1 nM are obtained at 2 degrees C in buffer containing 0.19 M salt. The interaction is highly sequence specific since a variety of RNAs failed to compete with the 21-nucleotide fragment for coat protein binding.
In Vivo Analysis of the Role of atTic20 in Protein Import into Chloroplasts (2002)

The import of nucleus-encoded preproteins into plastids requires the coordinated activities of membrane protein complexes that facilitate the translocation of polypeptides across the envelope double membrane. Tic20 was identified previously as a component of the import machinery of the inner envelope membrane by covalent cross-linking studies with trapped preprotein import intermediates. To investigate the role of Tic20 in preprotein import, we altered the expression of the Arabidopsis Tic20 ortholog (atTic20) by antisense expression. Several antisense lines exhibited pronounced chloroplast defects exemplified by pale leaves, reduced accumulation of plastid proteins, and significant growth defects. The severity of the phenotypes correlated directly with the reduction in levels of atTic20 expression. In vitro import studies with plastids isolated from control and antisense plants indicated that the antisense plastids are defective specifically in protein translocation across the inner envelope membrane. These data suggest that Tic20 functions as a component of the protein-conducting channel at the inner envelope membrane.
Keeping the 'Geo' Why and How (1996)

The author presents his views about how the geological side of geomechanical engineering is being neglected. The paper examines Australian geomechanical engineering standards, like the use of soil symbols by engineers, as well as the education of geomechanical engineers at tertiary institutions. The author suggests a number of things that can be done to help this problem.
-Factor Enhancement of Hybrid Formation by Protoplast Fusion in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1983)

Two a strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, carrying complementary genetic markers, were arrested for 3 h with alpha-factor. These were then protoplasted, prior to fusion using polyethylene glycol. The number of viable fusion products was enhanced by a factor of 20 as compared with unarrested controls.
Differentiation and Functional Comparison of Monocytes and Macrophages from hiPSCs with Peripheral Blood Derivatives (2019)

A renewable source of human monocytes and macrophages would be a valuable alternative to primary cells from peripheral blood (PB) in biomedical research. We developed an efficient protocol to derive monocytes and macrophages from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and performed a functional comparison with PB-derived cells. hiPSC-derived monocytes were functional after cryopreservation and exhibited gene expression profiles comparable with PB-derived monocytes. Notably, hiPSC-derived monocytes were more activated with greater adhesion to endothelial cells under physiological flow. hiPSC-derived monocytes were successfully polarized to M1 and M2 macrophage subtypes, which showed similar pan- and subtype-specific gene and surface protein expression and cytokine secretion to PB-derived macrophages. hiPSC-derived macrophages exhibited higher endocytosis and efferocytosis and similar bacterial and tumor cell phagocytosis to PB-derived macrophages. In summary, we developed a robust protocol to generate hiPSC monocytes and macrophages from independent hiPSC lines that showed aspects of functional maturity comparable with those from PB.
Microfluidic Multicompartment Device for Neuroscience Research (2002)

This paper describes and characterizes a novel microfabricated neuronal culture device. This device combines microfabrication, microfluidic, and surface micropatterning techniques to create a multicompartment neuronal culturing device that can be used in a number of neuroscience research applications. The device is fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS, using soft lithography techniques. The PDMS device is placed on a tissue culture dish (polystyrene) or glass substrate, forming two compartments with volumes of less than 2 μL each. These two compartments are separated by a physical barrier in which a number of micron-size grooves are embedded to allow growth of neurites across the compartments while maintaining fluidic isolation. Cells are plated into the somal (cell body) compartment, and after 3-4 days, neurites extend into the neuritic compartment via the grooves. Viability of the neurons in the devices is between 50 and 70% after 7 days in culture; this is slightly lower than but comparable to values for a control grown on tissue culture dishes. Healthy neuron morphology is evident in both the devices and controls. We demonstrate the ability to use hydrostatic pressure to isolate insults to one compartment and, thus, expose localized areas of neurons to insults applied in soluble form. Due to the high resistance of the microgrooves for fluid transport, insults are contained in the neuritic compartment without appreciable leakage into the somal compartment for over 15 h. Finally, we demonstrate the use of polylysine patterning in combination with the microfabricated device to facilitate identification and visualization of neurons. The ability to direct sites of neuronal attachment and orientation of neurite outgrowth by micropatterning techniques, combined with fluidically isolated compartments within the culture area, offers significant advantages over standard open culture methods and other conventional methods for manipulating distinct neuronal microenvironments.
The effect of an angiostatic steroid on neovascularization in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity. (2001)

This study represents the first therapeutic effect of an angiostatic steroid in an animal model of neovascular retinopathy. Additionally, the induction of PAI-1 indicates a mechanism of action for this class of compounds, and this is a novel finding in vivo. Because anecortave acetate significantly inhibited pathologic retinal angiogenesis in this model, while not significantly affecting normal intraretinal vessels, it holds therapeutic potential for a number of human ocular conditions in which angiogenesis plays a critical pathologic role.
Acute vagal stimulation attenuates cardiac metabolic response to β‐adrenergic stress (2012)

The effects of vagal stimulation (VS) on cardiac energy substrate metabolism are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that acute VS alters the balance between free fatty acid (FFA) and carbohydrate oxidation and opposes the metabolic effects of β-adrenergic stimulation. A clinical-type selective stimulator of the vagal efferent fibres was connected to the intact right vagus in chronically instrumented dogs. VS was set to reduce heart rate by 30 beats min(-1), and the confounding effects of bradycardia were then eliminated by pacing the heart at 165 beats min(-1). [(3)H]Oleate and [(14)C]glucose were infused to measure FFA and glucose oxidation. The heart was subjected to β-adrenergic stress by infusing dobutamine at 5, 10 and 15 μg kg(-1) min(-1) before and during VS. VS did not significantly affect baseline cardiac performance, haemodynamics or myocardial metabolism. However, at peak dobutamine stress, VS attenuated the increase in left ventricular pressure-diameter area from 235.9 ± 72.8 to 167.3 ± 55.8%, and in cardiac oxygen consumption from 173.9 ± 23.3 to 127.89 ± 6.2% (both P < 0.05), and thus mechanical efficiency was not enhanced. The increase in glucose oxidation fell from 289.3 ± 55.5 to 131.1 ± 20.9% (P < 0.05), while FFA oxidation was not increased by β-adrenergic stress and fell below baseline during VS only at the lowest dose of dobutamine. The functional and in part the metabolic changes were reversed by 0.1 mg kg(-1) atropine i.v. Our data show that acute right VS does not affect baseline cardiac metabolism, but attenuates myocardial oxygen consumption and glucose oxidation in response to adrenergic stress, thus functioning as a cardio-selective antagonist to β-adrenergic activation.
Correlative multilabel video annotation with temporal kernels (2008)

Automatic video annotation is an important ingredient for semantic-level video browsing, search and navigation. Much attention has been paid to this topic in recent years. These researches have evolved through two paradigms. In the first paradigm, each concept is individually annotated by a pre-trained binary classifier. However, this method ignores the rich information between the video concepts and only achieves limited success. Evolved from the first paradigm, the methods in the second paradigm add an extra step on the top of the first individual classifiers to fuse the multiple detections of the concepts. However, the performance of these methods can be degraded by the error propagation incurred in the first step to the second fusion one. In this article, another paradigm of the video annotation method is proposed to address these problems. It simultaneously annotates the concepts as well as model correlations between them in one step by the proposed Correlative Multilabel (CML) method, which benefits from the compensation of complementary information between different labels. Furthermore, since the video clips are composed by temporally ordered frame sequences, we extend the proposed method to exploit the rich temporal information in the videos. Specifically, a temporal-kernel is incorporated into the CML method based on the discriminative information between Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) that are learned from the videos. We compare the performance between the proposed approach and the state-of-the-art approaches in the first and second paradigms on the widely used TRECVID data set. As to be shown, superior performance of the proposed method is gained.
Structure–Fluorescence Contrast Relationship in Cyanine DNA Intercalators: Toward Rational Dye Design (2007)

The fluorescence enhancement mechanisms of a series of DNA stains of the oxazole yellow (YO) family have been investigated in detail using steady-state and ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The strong increase in the fluorescence quantum yield of these dyes upon DNA binding is shown to originate from the inhibition of two distinct processes: 1) isomerisation through large-amplitude motion that non-radiatively deactivates the excited state within a few picoseconds and 2) formation of weakly emitting H-dimers. As the H-dimers are not totally non-fluorescent, their formation is less efficient than isomerisation as a fluorescent contrast mechanism. The propensity of the dyes to form H-dimers and thus to reduce their fluorescence contrast upon DNA binding is shown to depend on several of their structural parameters, such as their monomeric (YO) or homodimeric (YOYO) nature, their substitution and their electric charge. Moreover, these parameters also have a substantial influence on the affinity of the dyes for DNA and on the ensuing sensitivity for DNA detection. The results give new insight into the development and optimisation of fluorescent DNA probes with the highest contrast.
Coronary CT angiography: current status and continuing challenges (2012)

Coronary CT angiography has been increasingly used in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease owing to rapid technological developments, which are reflected in the improved spatial and temporal resolution of the images. High diagnostic accuracy has been achieved with multislice CT scanners (64 slice and higher), and in selected patients coronary CT angiography is regarded as a reliable alternative to invasive coronary angiography. With high-quality coronary CT imaging increasingly being performed, patients can benefit from an imaging modality that provides a rapid and accurate diagnosis while avoiding an invasive procedure. Despite the tremendous contributions of coronary CT angiography to cardiac imaging, study results reported in the literature should be interpreted with caution as there are some limitations existing within the study design or related to patient risk factors. In addition, some attention must be given to the potential health risks associated with the ionising radiation received during cardiac CT examinations. Radiation dose associated with coronary CT angiography has raised serious concerns in the literature, as the risk of developing malignancy is not negligible. Various dose-saving strategies have been implemented, with some of the strategies resulting in significant dose reduction. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the role of coronary CT angiography on cardiac imaging, with focus on coronary artery disease in terms of the diagnostic and prognostic value of coronary CT angiography. Various approaches for dose reduction commonly recommended in the literature are discussed. Limitations of coronary CT angiography are identified. Finally, future directions and challenges with the use of coronary CT angiography are highlighted.
Neutralizing and nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor alpha-chain (1993)

A panel of monoclonal antibodies was raised against the low-affinity human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) receptor alpha-chain expressed as recombinant protein on murine FDC-P1 cells. All the selected antibodies were of the IgG2A isotype and bound to protein A. They each recognized both native and recombinant receptors by indirect surface immunofluorescence and by immunoprecipitation. Several of the antibodies also recognized presumably denatured receptors as detected by immunoblotting of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three different epitopes on the extracellular domain of the GM-CSF receptor alpha-chain were defined by these antibodies, and two of the epitopes did not appear to be involved in binding hGM-CSF or in interactions with the beta-chain of the GM-CSF receptor that are required for high-affinity binding of GM-CSF. On the other hand, the epitope recognized by antibody 2B7-17-A appeared to be critically involved in the binding of GM-CSF because this antibody completely abrogated both high- and low-affinity binding of GM-CSF to native and recombinant receptors. Antibody 2B7-17-A had a relatively high affinity for the GM-CSF receptor alpha-chain (kd = 3 nmol/L) and slow dissociation kinetics (kd = 0.002 min-1). These properties made the 2B7-17-A antibody a potent inhibitor of hGM-CSF biologic action in several different bioassays, with a half-maximal inhibitory dose of about 6 nmol/L (1 microgram/mL). This antibody could prove useful in alleviating any pathologic states mediated by excess GM-CSF levels and in defining the domains of the GM-CSF receptor required for ligand binding.
Ultra-Large-Area Self-Assembled Monolayers of Nanoparticles (2011)

Large-area self-assembled monolayers of nanoparticles are fabricated on the surface of deionized water by controlled evaporation of nanoparticles dispersed in a binary solvent mixture. The difference in solvent volatility and partial coverage of the trough leads to a flux of nanoparticles toward the evaporation front. The monolayers are comprised of monodisperse magnetite and gold nanoparticles or slightly more polydisperse manganese oxide nanoparticles. The floating monolayers are transferred onto different substrates by the Langmuir-Schaefer method. Surfactants in the colloidal solution and substrate materials have significant impact on the monolayer formation. Bilayers of nanoparticles with different twist angles between layers are also obtained by double deposition.