gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urothelium-specific expression of an oncogene in transgenic mice induced the formation of carcinoma in situ and invasive transitional cell carcinoma. (1999)

Although many genetic alterations are known to be associated with human transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder, relatively little is known about the roles of these molecular defects, singular or in combination, in bladder tumorigenesis. We have developed a transgenic mouse model of bladder tumorigenesis using a 3.6-kb promoter of uroplakin II gene to drive the urotheliums-specific expression of oncogenes. In this study, we demonstrate that transgenic mice bearing a low copy number of SV40T transgene developed bladder carcinoma in situ (CIS), whereas those bearing high copies developed CIS as well as invasive and metastatic TCCs. These results indicate that the SV40T inactivation of p53 and retinoblastoma gene products, defects frequently found in human bladder CIS and invasive TCCs, can cause the aggressive form of TCC. Our results also provide experimental proof that CIS is a precursor of invasive TCCs, thus supporting the concept of two distinct pathways of bladder tumorigenesis (papillary versus CIS/invasive TCC). This transgenic system can be used for the systematic dissection of the roles of individual or combinations of specific molecular events in bladder tumorigenesis.
The Influence of the Polymerization Process on the Product Properties of Metallocene-Polypropene (2001)

Metallocene based catalysts are excellent tools in the production of poly-α-olefins. The product properties of these catalysts can be tailor-made by controlling the microstructure as well as the molar mass and the thermal properties. Rac-[Me2Si(2-Me-4-(1-Naphtyl)Ind2]ZrCl2/MAO is a system that exhibits exceptional capabilities in respect to activity and isospecificity while producing polypropenes with high molar masses in the solution process.
Biological Activities and Receptor Binding of Two Human Recombinant Interferons and their Hybrids (1986)

Two human recombinant lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha subtypes, LyIFN-B (alpha 8) and LyIFN-D (alpha 1), and 10 hybrids generated therefrom were produced in Escherichia coli and purified. The antiviral and antiproliferative activities and the induction of (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase were compared to their receptor binding affinities. The IFN subtypes and their hybrids had similar specific antiviral activities on bovine cells. On human cells both the specific antiviral and antiproliferative activities of LyIFN-B were about 30-fold higher than those of LyIFN-D. This difference in activity could be attributed partly to the N-terminal amino acids 1 to 60 and partly to amino acids 61 to 92. A third domain affecting the biological activities was found within the carboxy-proximal segment from amino acids 93 to 150. The differences in these activities were found to correlate with their ability to bind the receptor, suggesting that the differences in activity might be due to altered binding of the IFNs to the cellular receptors. In contrast, the induction of (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase did not follow the same activity profile. On mouse cells, the efficiency of the hybrids was affected by at least four sites on the IFN protein. A hybrid with the N-terminal segment 1 to 60 from IFN-B and amino acids 61 to 166 from IFN-D had a specific antiviral activity on mouse cells as high as on human cells corresponding to a 500- and 5000-fold increase in specific activity compared to IFN-D and IFN-B, respectively. We suggest that on mouse cells the IFN activity may be more dependent on conformational differences than on human cells, which in turn might reflect a less precise fit to the mouse receptor than to the human receptor.
The effect of MK‐185 on some aspects of uric acid metabolism (1970)

Following oral administration of MK‐185 to 10 patients with types III, IV, or V hyperlipoproteinemia at doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg. per kilogram per day for a period of 4 weeks at each of the 3 dose levels, the serum uric acid decreased significantly with the progression of dosage. A specific metabolic study designed to evaluate the mechanism of this hypouricemic action showed that MK‐185, 20 mg. per kilogram per day for 3 days, produced a gradually increasing (p &lt; 0.05) uricosuria in the 3 patients studied. The results of the other drugs used in metabolic study, namely, probenecid, allopurinol, and clofibrate are discussed in relation to those of MK‐185.
The Effect of Frequency Sweeping and Fluid Flow on Particle Trajectories in Ultrasonic Standing Waves (2008)

Particle concentration and separation in ultrasonic standing waves through the action of the acoustic radiation force on suspended particles are discussed. The acoustic radiation force is a function of the density and compressibility of the fluid and the suspended particles. A two-dimensional theoretical model is developed for particle trajectory calculations. An electroacoustic model is used to predict the acoustic field in a resonator, driven by a piezoelectric transducer. Second, the results of the linear acoustic model are used to calculate the acoustic radiation force acting on a particle suspended in the resonator. Third, a particle trajectory model is developed that integrates the equation of motion of a particle subjected to a buoyancy force, a fluid drag force, and the acoustic radiation force. Computational fluid dynamics calculations are performed to calculate the velocity field that is subsequently used to calculate fluid drag. For a fixed frequency excitation, the particles are concentrated along the stable node locations of the acoustic radiation force. Through a periodic sweeping of the excitation frequency particle translation is achieved. Two types of frequency sweeps are considered, a ramp approach and a step-change method. Numerical results of particle trajectory calculations are presented for two configurations of flow-through resonators and for two types of frequency sweeping. It is shown that most effective particle separation occurs when the fluid drag force is orthogonal to the acoustic radiation force.
Modulation of placental protein expression of OLR1: implication in pregnancy-related disorders or pathologies (2008)

The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 (OLR1) is a newly described receptor for oxidatively modified LDL. The human pregnancy is associated with hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress. It has been reported that modification in maternal lipid profile can induce disturbance during pregnancy. In this study, we have evaluated the expression protein level of OLR1 in human term placenta of women having plasma cholesterol level lower to 7 mM or higher to 8 mM and women of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by western blot analysis. The present study demonstrates that the maternal lipid profile is associated with placental protein expression of OLR1. A significant increase in the protein expression of OLR1 was observed in placenta of women with elevated plasmatic total cholesterol level (>8 mM). In addition, the placental protein expression of OLR1 is increased in mothers having the highest pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and low (<7 mM) plasmatic total cholesterol level at term. Interestingly, the placental protein expression of OLR1 is increased in the presence of GDM pregnancies compared with normal lipids level pregnancies, without the modification of mRNA expression. In conclusion, placental OLR1 protein expression is associated with maternal lipid profile, pre-pregnancy BMI, and pathology of GDM.
Bovine Herpesvirus 5 (BHV-5) Us9 Is Essential for BHV-5 Neuropathogenesis (2002)

Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV-5) is a neurovirulent alphaherpesvirus that causes fatal encephalitis in calves. In a rabbit model, the virus invades the central nervous system (CNS) anterogradely from the olfactory mucosa following intranasal infection. In addition to glycoproteins E and I (gE and gI, respectively), Us9 and its homologue in alphaherpesviruses are necessary for the viral anterograde spread from the presynaptic to postsynaptic neurons. The BHV-5 Us9 gene sequence was determined, and the predicted amino acid sequence of BHV-5 Us9 was compared with the corresponding Us9 sequences of BHV-1.1. Alignment results showed that they share 77% identity and 83% similarity. BHV-5 Us9 peptide-specific antibody recognized a doublet of 17- and 19-kDa protein bands in BHV-5-infected cell lysates and in purified virions. To determine the role of the BHV-5 Us9 gene in BHV-5 neuropathogenesis, a BHV-5 Us9 deletion recombinant was generated and its neurovirulence and neuroinvasive properties were compared with those of a Us9 rescue mutant of BHV-5 in a rabbit model. Following intranasal infection, the Us9 rescue mutant of BHV-5 displayed a wild-type level of neurovirulence and neural spread in the olfactory pathway, but the Us9 deletion mutant of BHV-5 was virtually avirulent and failed to invade the CNS. In the olfactory mucosa containing the olfactory receptor neurons, the Us9 deletion mutant virus replicated with an efficiency similar to that of the Us9 rescue mutant of BHV-5. However, the Us9 deletion mutant virus was not transported to the bulb. Confocal microscopy of the olfactory epithelium detected similar amounts of virus-specific antigens in the cell bodies of olfactory receptor neuron for both the viruses, but only the Us9 rescue mutant viral proteins were detected in the processes of the olfactory receptor neurons. When injected directly into the bulb, both viruses were equally neurovirulent, and they were transported retrogradely to areas connected to the bulb. Taken together, these results indicate that Us9 is essential for the anterograde spread of the virus from the olfactory mucosa to the bulb.
Senescence Marker Protein-30 Protects Mice Lungs from Oxidative Stress, Aging, and Smoking (2006)

Our results suggest that SMP30 protects mice lungs from oxidative stress associated with aging and smoking. The SMP30Y/- mice could be useful animal models for investigating age-related lung diseases, including cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema.
The Genetics and Regulation of Heat-Shock Proteins (1984)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
BG-12 (Dimethyl Fumarate) and Pregnancy: Preclinical and Clinical Data from the Clinical Development Program (P02.129) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: To present data from animal reproductive toxicology studies and pregnancy outcomes reported during the BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) clinical development program.
CALCULATION FOR DEFLECTION OF CONTINUOUS REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS IN CONSIDERATION OF MOMENT REDISTRIBUTION (1990)

In is known that for more precisely calculating the deflection of continuous reinforced concrete beams under service load, the redistribution of internal forces at this stage should be considered. For this purpose, the author suggests two new formulas to calculate the adjusting coefficients of support moments. As establishing the formulas, the translation of inflection points due to moment redistribution has been taken into account. It is reasonable theoretically and can give calculated results in good accordance with tests. In this paper, three diagrams of deflection coefficient are given so as to simplify the calculation greatly. Besides, the consideration of long-term influence on deflection is also proposed.
Toolglass and magic lenses (1993)

Toolglass widgets are new user interface tools that can appear, as though on a transparent sheet of glass, between an application and a traditional cursor. They can be positioned with one hand while the other positions the cursor. The widgets provide a rich and concise vocabulary for operating on application objects. These widgets may incorporate visual filters, called Magic Lens filters, that modify the presentation of application objects to reveal hidden information, to enhance data of interest, or to suppress distracting information. Together, these tools form a see-through interface that offers many advantages over traditional controls. They provide a new style of interaction that better exploits the user's everyday skills. They can reduce steps, cursor motion, and errors. Many widgets can be provided in a user interface, by designers and by users, without requiring dedicated screen space. In addition, lenses provide rich context-dependent feedback and the ability to view details and context simultaneously. Our widgets and lenses can be combined to form operation and viewing macros, and can be used over multiple applications.
EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENTAL THERAPY ON MOTOR IMPAIRED CHILDREN (1982)

Forty five developmentally disabled children ranging in age from 3 to 15 years, all of whom were motorically impaired, but without specific neuromuscular problems, were assigned to one of two treatment conditions or to an untreated control group. Treatment consisted of a combination of occupational and physical therapy and varied in the frequency, once or thrice weekly. Gross motor skills improved significantly for both treatment groups compared to the control group but frequency of therapy did not significantly affect the outcome. A marginal effect of therapy was observed on fine motor performance. Finally, a postural response rating scale developed for this study did not detect significant effects attributable to treatment.
Positional specificity of lysosomal phospholipase A2 (2006)

Lysosomal phospholipase A(2) (Lpla2) is highly expressed in alveolar macrophages and may mediate the phospholipid metabolism of surfactant. Studies on the properties of this phospholipase are consistent with the presence of both phospholipase A(1) and phospholipase A(2) activities. These activities were studied through the production of O-acyl compounds, produced by the transacylase activity of Lpla2. Liposomes containing POPC and N-acetylsphingosine (NAS) were incubated with the soluble fraction obtained from MDCK cells stably transfected with the mouse Lpla2 gene. Two 1-O-acyl-NASs, 1-O-palmitoyl-NAS and 1-O-oleoyl-NAS, were produced by Lpla2. The formation rate of 1-O-oleoyl-NAS was 2.5-fold that of 1-O-palmitoyl-NAS. When 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OPPC) was used, the formation rate of 1-O-oleoyl-NAS was 5-fold higher than that of 1-O-palmitoyl-NAS. Thus, Lpla2 can act on acyl groups at both sn-1 and sn-2 positions of POPC and OPPC. When 1-palmitoyl-2-unsaturated acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines were used as acyl donors, the transacylation of the acyl group from the sn-2 position to NAS was preferred to that of the palmitoyl group from the sn-1 position. An exception was observed for 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAPC), for which the formation rate of 1-O-palmitoyl-NAS from PAPC was 4-fold greater than that of 1-O-arachidonoyl-NAS. Thus, Lpla2 has broad positional specificity for the sn-1 and sn-2 acyl groups in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.
ENISS: An epidural needle insertion simulation system (2007)

To aid the training of anesthesiologists in the administering of epidural injections, a system was developed to characterize tactile feedback encountered during insertion and withdrawal of epidural needles. The system includes a platform upon which a sample is affixed, an epidural needle mounted to a pressure transducer by means of a Luer lock fitting, a stepper motor and screw drive to advance and retract the needle and a Lab-View based controller that inserts and withdraws the needle while monitoring the force on the pressure transducer. The system was tested on four media; free air, a medium-soft cheese, an apple, and a raw potato in order to demonstrate measurable differences in static and dynamic force across these samples. Test results indeed indicated clear and statistically significant differences between forces across all four media, and between insertion and withdrawal forces in all media except for free air.
CD38-Expressing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Promote Tumor Growth in a Murine Model of Esophageal Cancer (2015)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are an immunosuppressive population of immature myeloid cells found in advanced-stage cancer patients and mouse tumor models. Production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase, as well as other suppressive mechanisms, allows MDSCs to suppress T-cell-mediated tumor clearance and foster tumor progression. Using an unbiased global gene expression approach in conditional p120-catenin knockout mice (L2-cre;p120ctn(f/f)), a model of oral-esophageal cancer, we have identified CD38 as playing a vital role in MDSC biology, previously unknown. CD38 belongs to the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family and possesses both ectoenzyme and receptor functions. It has been described to function in lymphoid and early myeloid cell differentiation, cell activation, and neutrophil chemotaxis. We find that CD38 expression in MDSCs is evident in other mouse tumor models of esophageal carcinogenesis, and CD38(high) MDSCs are more immature than MDSCs lacking CD38 expression, suggesting a potential role for CD38 in the maturation halt found in MDSC populations. CD38(high) MDSCs also possess a greater capacity to suppress activated T cells, and promote tumor growth to a greater degree than CD38(low) MDSCs, likely as a result of increased iNOS production. In addition, we have identified novel tumor-derived factors, specifically IL6, IGFBP3, and CXCL16, which induce CD38 expression by MDSCs ex vivo. Finally, we have detected an expansion of CD38(+) MDSCs in peripheral blood of advanced-stage cancer patients and validated targeting CD38 in vivo as a novel approach to cancer therapy.
Wireless ATM: a perspective on issues and prospects (1996)

In this article the author examines several key issues in wireless ATM and even offers possible resolutions for some. The primary differences that distinguish wireless from wireline communications are presented, together with a short summary of so-called second-generation digital cellular system concepts. The operation of a wireline ATM network, especially with regard to those aspects bearing on the feasibility of wireless extension, is briefly reviewed, as well as some key technologies which may be very important enablers for wireless ATM, and some possible approaches for enabling bandwidth on demand (the media access problem) and maintaining service quality guarantees (the cell handoff problem), respectively. Finally, a possible format for signaling and synchronization, needed to "tie it all together", is presented.
Normal Human Cell Conversion to 3-D Cancer-like Growth: Genome Damage, Endopolyploidy, Senecence Escape, and Cell Polarity Change/Loss (2011)

In cell cultures monolayered cell growth is controlled by contact inhibition which again is controlled by the cell polarity system by always being positioned in accord with the cytoskeleton axis. Presently, cycling endopolyploid cells (tetraploidy) were shown to undergo perpendicular divisions relative to the cytoskeleton axis which disrupted to some degree contact inhibition in the near-senescent phase of human primary cells. These experiments included genome damage-induced endopolyploidization (TAS-treated) to simulate as a model system the state of in vivo accelerated cell senescence (ACS) which is induced by therapy-associated genomic damage. From ACS delayed tumor re-growth (re-lapse) occurs from “robust” cell propagation, but mechanisms for such cell escape from senescence are unknown. For TAS-treated a karyoplast bud-off process with change to limited mitotic activity occurred in young senescent cultures. In old, deep senescent (5 - 8 weeks) cultures, unexpectedly escape cell-growth showed three dimensional (3-D) tumor-like spheres from growths of morphologically different cells as compared to the fibroblastic phenotype. These cells expressed cell polarity change, and very condensed nuclei were variously perpendicularly oriented to what-ever cell polarity was present. These results were discussed in regard to in vivo relapse and, to the importance of cell polarity change in tumorigenesis. Induced senescence as an anti-tumor mechanism in therapy treatment becomes a questionable procedure from the present experimental results.
Sourcebook of bacterial protein toxins (1991)

Structural and evolutionary aspects of ADP-ribosylating toxins, R. Rappouli and M. Pizza modulation of cell functions by ADP-ribosylating bacterial toxins, M. Gill and P. Boquet membrane translocation of bacterial protein toxins with intracellular targets - molecular models of toxin membrane translocation, C. Montecucco, E. Papini and G. Schiavo membrane translocation of diptheria toxin, K. Sandvig and S. Olsnes assembly and secretion of oligomeric toxin by gram-negative bacteria, T. R. Hirst comparative toxinology of bacterial and invertebrate cytolysins, R. Linder and A. W. Bernheimer genetic determinants of cytolytic toxins from gram-negative bacteria, A. Ludwig and W. Goebel the family of the antigenically related cholesterol-binding, J. E. Alouf and C. Geoffroy cooperative membrane-active (lytic) processes, F. J. Fehrenbach and D. Jurgens electrophysical methods for the study of toxin membrane interaction, G. Menestrina leukocidal toxins, M. Noda and I. Kato ciliostatic toxins, J. H. Freer cytolytic toxins of pathogenic marine vibrios, A. S. Kreger the anthrax toxin complex, S. H. Leppla clostridial neurotoxins, H. Niemann adenylate cyclase toxine of bordetella pertussis and adenylate cyclose, E. Hanski and J. G. Coote the family of mitogenic, shock-inducing and superanitgenic toxins from staphylococci and streptococci, J. E. Alouf et al the family of shiga and shiga-like toxins, D. Acheson et al on the characteristics of carbohydrate receptors for bacterial toxins - aspects on the analysis of binding epitopes, K. A. Karlsson et al genetic analysis of the in vivo role of bacterial toxins, T. J. Foster effects of bacterial toxins on activity and release of immunomediators, W. Konig protein engineering of microbial toxins - genetic construction and biologic activity of toxin-related growth factor fusion proteins, J. R. Murphy and D. P. Williams.
Useful Synthesis of Coumestans (1990)

Abstract A convenient synthesis of coumestans involving a combination of lithiation and Wittig reactions is described. Compounds 1a and 1b on reaction with n-butyllithium followed by treatment with diethyloxalate provide ketoesters 3a and 3b. Reaction of 3(a-b) with phosphorane generated from salt 4 gives 5(a-b) which on reaction with pyridine hydrochloride yield 7(a-b). DDQ oxidation of 7(a-b) gives coumestans 8(a-b).