gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lens epithelium-derived growth factor: increased resistance to thermal and oxidative stresses. (1999)

To investigate the role of lens epithelium- derived growth factor (LEDGF) in lens epithelial cells subjected to heat or oxidative stress and to determine the localization of LEDGF in lens epithelial cells at different temperatures.Mouse lens epithelial cells overexpressing a fusion protein between a green fluorescent protein (GFP) and LEDGF (GFP-LEDGF) were cultured for up to 7 days at various temperatures or for 24 hours in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Translocation of GFP-LEDGF in the lens epithelial cells was monitored with a fluorescence microscope. Cell survival was determined with the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps) was studied with protein blot analyses using antibody probes.LEDGF was found in the cytosol of lens epithelial cells at 4 degrees C, 15 degrees C, and 28 degrees C, and in the nucleus and nucleolus at 37 degrees C. At 41 C, it was apparent at higher levels in the cytosol, nucleus, and nucleolus. Lens epithelial cells overexpressing LEDGF manifested resistance to thermal and oxidative stress. Levels of Hsp 27, and alphaB-crystallin were elevated in these cells. Depriving lens epithelial cells of LEDGF with anti-LEDGF antibodies reduced nuclear localization of LEDGF and induced cell death.The overexpression of LEDGF in lens epithelial cells conferred resistance to thermal and oxidative stress. The mechanism of this resistance appears to involve the increased expression of Hsp 27 and alphaB-crystallin.
Dihydroartemisinin inhibits angiogenesis induced by multiple myeloma RPMI8226 cells under hypoxic conditions via downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor secretion (2006)

Multiple myeloma remains incurable to date; therefore, new biologically target-based therapies are urgently needed. Our previous studies have showed that the antimalarial dihydroartemisinin possessed antiangiogenic activity in solid tumors. The present study evaluated the effect of dihydroartemisinin on human multiple myeloma-induced angiogenesis under hypoxia and elucidated its mechanism of action. An in-vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane model was used to examine the effect of dihydroartemisinin on multiple myeloma-induced angiogenesis. Compared with conditioned medium of control, conditioned medium from human multiple myeloma RPMI8226 cells pretreated with 3 micromol/l dihydroartemisinin in hypoxia was observed to reduce microvessel growth on chicken chorioallantoic membranes by approximately 28.6% (P<0.05). The level of vascular endothelial growth factor in conditioned medium was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results confirmed that 3 micromol/l dihydroartemisinin could significantly decrease vascular endothelial growth factor secretion by RPMI8226 cells (P<0.05), which correlated well with the reduction of multiple myeloma-induced angiogenesis on chicken chorioallantoic membranes. Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results revealed that dihydroartemisinin downregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in RPMI8226 cells in hypoxia. In addition, we demonstrated that dihydroartemisinin reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation and inhibited growth of RPMI8226 cells under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, we concluded that dihydroartemisinin, which is already used to treat malaria and is well tolerated, possesses potential as an antiangiogenic drug in multiple myeloma therapy and thereby may improve patient outcome.
ChemInform Abstract: New Non‐Peptide Endothelin‐A Receptor Antagonists: Synthesis, Biological Properties, and Structure‐Activity Relationships of 5‐( Dimethylamino)‐N‐pyridyl‐, ‐N‐pyrimidinyl‐, ‐N‐pyridazinyl‐, and ‐N‐ pyrazinyl‐1‐naphthalenesulfonamides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Array of circular-polarised cross dielectric resonatorantennas (1996)

A compact array of circular polarised cross-shaped dielectric resonator antennas (XDRAs) is presented. The array consists of 2 × 2 XDRAs excited by microstrip-fed slot apertures in the X-band. By using sequential rotation to feed the XDRAs, the circular polarisation bandwidth is significantly increased from 5% for the individual XDRA to 16% in the array. The array also achieves a wide impedance bandwidth: a 10 dB return loss was maintained over a 25% bandwidth.
Co-stimulation with 4-1BB ligand allows extended T-cell proliferation, synergizes with CD80/CD86 and can reactivate anergic T cells (2007)

Activation of T cells requires co-stimulation, in addition to signals through the antigen-receptor complex. Antigen encounter without adequate co-stimulation results in T-cell desensitization or anergy, a mechanism of peripheral tolerance and an apparent obstacle to cancer immunotherapy. One important co-stimulatory pathway involves CD28 engagement by CD80 or CD86. However, other ligand-receptor pairs can also provide co-stimulation and may have important functions modulating the immune response. Previous reports indicated that co-stimulation using 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) or agonistic anti-4-1BB antibodies could prolong T-cell responses, avoid activation-induced cell death and promote anti-tumour responses in mice. To further investigate the potential for cancer immunotherapy, we studied the effects of CD80/CD86 and 4-1BBL in repeated stimulation of human T cells and asked whether 4-1BBL might be capable of reversing anergy. We expressed CD80, CD86 and 4-1BBL in A549 lung carcinoma cells using adenovirus vectors and co-cultured these with human T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody. Proliferation co-stimulated by CD80 or CD86 was transient; however, 4-1BBL-co-stimulated cultures continued to proliferate for up to 5 weeks, with repeated stimulation. Combined co-stimulation with CD80/CD86 and 4-1BBL also allowed continuous proliferation at a faster rate than either signal alone. Co-stimulation with 4-1BBL did not suppress expression of the inducible, inhibitory CD80/CD86R, CTLA-4. Significantly, we show that T cells that had become non-responsive to anti-CD3, either alone or together with CD80/CD86 co-stimulation, and thus were anergic, could be reactivated to proliferate when costimulated with 4-1BBL, either alone or combined with CD80/CD86.
Definitive Evidence for the Contribution of Biradical Character in a Closed-Shell Molecule, Derivative of 1,4-Bis-(4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-ylidene)cyclohexa-2,5-diene (2004)

This study provides conclusive proof that the thermally excited open-shell state with biradical character is contributing to the ground state of a closed-shell molecule, tF-BDPI-2Y, where four hydrogen atoms at the central phenylene ring are substituted with four fluorine atoms of 1,4-bis-(4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-ylidene)cyclohexa-2,5-diene (BDPI-2Y). A small increase in the population of biradical species of tF-BDPI-2Y results in the formation of the dimer form by the radical recombination reaction. Controlling the equilibrium between a closed-shell diamagnetic-quinoid state and an open-shell paramagnetic-biradical state will provide significant progress in the field of pi-conjugated delocalized biradical chemistry.
Path Aggregation Network for Instance Segmentation (2018)

The way that information propagates in neural networks is of great importance. In this paper, we propose Path Aggregation Network (PANet) aiming at boosting information flow in proposal-based instance segmentation framework. Specifically, we enhance the entire feature hierarchy with accurate localization signals in lower layers by bottom-up path augmentation, which shortens the information path between lower layers and topmost feature. We present adaptive feature pooling, which links feature grid and all feature levels to make useful information in each feature level propagate directly to following proposal subnetworks. A complementary branch capturing different views for each proposal is created to further improve mask prediction. These improvements are simple to implement, with subtle extra computational overhead. Our PANet reaches the 1st place in the COCO 2017 Challenge Instance Segmentation task and the 2nd place in Object Detection task without large-batch training. It is also state-of-the-art on MVD and Cityscapes. Code is available at https://github.com/ShuLiu1993/PANet
Preventing Coronary Artery Disease by Lowering Cholesterol Levels (1999)

In the more than 50 years since the founding of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the American Heart Association, medical science has moved from an era in which hypercholesterolemia, as it is now defined, was not believed to be abnormal to one in which controlling hypercholesterolemia is known to reduce not only coronary artery disease morbidity and mortality but also total mortality. While the efforts and successes of many researchers involved in this evolution are impressive, atherosclerosis is still a major cause of death and disability in many developed nations, mostly in the form of myocardial infarction and stroke, and is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in developing nations. Many questions about the detailed pathogenesis of the disease remain. Elucidating the roles of high-density lipoprotein, other lipoproteins, and homocysteine, as well as the roles of cytokines and growth factors, will permit better understanding and treatment of atherosclerosis. With continuing support for research and encouragement of physicians and patients to follow recommended preventive regimens, further progress can be made against this major cause of death.
Structure and Total Synthesis of HF-7, a Neuroactive Glyconucleoside Disulfate from the Funnel-Web Spider Hololena curta (1999)

Spider venom toxins have attracted considerable attention for their ability to block the action of excitatory amino acids such as glutamate and aspartate. A new neuroactive compound designated HF-7 was isolated in 1993 from the venom of a funnel-web spider, Hololena curta. HF-7 was shown to block kainate receptors and, albeit weakly, L-type calcium channels. Spectroscopic analysis established the structure of HF-7 as an unusual acetylated, disulfated fucopyranosyl guanosine, with the acetate ester attached at the 4-position of an α-linked fucose ring and two sulfates attached to the ribose ring. Because insufficient quantities of natural HF-7 were available for chemical degradation or X-ray diffraction analysis, total synthesis of three candidate structures was used to establish the identity of HF-7. Once HF-7 was fully characterized as 3‘-O-(4‘ ‘-O-acetyl-α-l-fucopyranosyl)guanosine-2‘,5‘-disulfate, an improved, targeted synthesis of the natural product was developed.
Intravenous Anti-D Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Experience in 272 Patients (1997)

We report the results of intravenous anti-D (WinRho, WinRho SD) therapy in 261 non-splenectomized patients treated at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center over the period from 1987 to 1994. Children (n = 124) and adult patients (n = 137) with classic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP; n = 156) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related thrombocytopenia (n = 105) and acute (n = 75) or chronic (n = 186) disease at the time of the initial anti-D treatment were studied. In addition, 11 previously splenectomized patients were treated as a separate group. Our objectives were to evaluate the following. (1) Efficacy of anti-D: The response after the initial infusion was analyzed according to clinical parameters, such as patient's age, HIV status, gender, disease duration, pretreatment platelet count, and hemoglobin value, as well as treatment-related factors, including the dose of anti-D, the solvent detergent treatment of the preparation, and the type of administration. (2) Use of anti-D as maintenance therapy: The duration of response after the initial infusion and the results of subsequent treatments were evaluated. (3) Safety/toxicity of anti-D: Postinfusion reactions and hemoglobin decrease after treatment were studied. Anti-D is a safe treatment providing a hemostatic platelet increase in greater than 70% of the Rh+ non-splenectomized patients. The group with the best results is HIV- children, but all patient groups respond and the effect lasts more than 21 days in 50% of the responders. Duration of response is not influenced by HIV status; furthermore, HIV+ patients show no adverse effects on hemoglobin decrease or HIV disease progression. Patients with chronic ITP after splenectomy have minimal or no response to intravenous anti-D.
Effects of stathmin inhibition on the mitotic spindle (2001)

Stathmin is a major cytosolic phosphoprotein that plays an important role in the regulation of microtubule dynamics during cell cycle progression. It has recently been proposed that the major function of stathmin is to promote depolymerization of the microtubules that make up the mitotic spindle. In this report, we tested the prediction that a deficiency in stathmin expression would result in constitutive stabilization of microtubules and lead to abnormalities in the organization of the mitotic spindle. Our studies demonstrate that antisense inhibition of stathmin expression in K562 erythroleukemic cells results in increased ratio of polymerized to depolymerized tubulin. These changes are associated with phenotypic abnormalities of the mitotic spindle and difficulty in completing mitosis. These studies also showed that inhibition of stathmin expression results in increased susceptibility of K562 leukemic cells to the pharmacological agents, like taxol, which are known to stabilize the mitotic spindle. In contrast, stathmin inhibition results in decreased sensitivity to vinblastine, an agent that destabilizes the mitotic spindle. Thus, our experimental findings are supportive of the model that stathmin is a microtubule-destabilizing factor that plays an important role in the regulation of the mitotic spindle. We also suggest a potential therapeutic approach for cancer based on the combination of stathmin inhibition with pharmacologic agents that stabilize the mitotic spindle.
Phase I Evaluation of J591 as a Vascular Targeting Agent in Progressive Solid Tumors (2007)

The tumoral neovasculature of a variety of solid tumors can be selectively and safely targeted using J591. In planning for future studies using J591 as a radiation delivery platform, an antibody mass of 60 mg should be considered, as it would seem to minimize the radiation delivered to the liver while minimizing the radiation dose to bone.
Expression of Nav1.7 in DRG Neurons Extends from Peripheral Terminals in the Skin to Central Preterminal Branches and Terminals in the Dorsal Horn (2012)

The expression of Nav1.7 in DRG neurons extends from peripheral terminals in the skin to preterminal central branches and terminals in the dorsal horn. These data support a major contribution for Nav1.7 in pain pathways, including action potential electrogenesis, conduction along axonal trunks and depolarization/invasion of presynaptic axons. The findings presented here may be important for pharmaceutical development, where target engagement in the right compartment is essential.
MOSIX: how Linux clusters solve real world problems (2000)

As the complexity of software increases, the size of the software tends to increase as well, which incurs longer compilation and build cycles. In this paper, the authors present one example of how clusters of Linux systems, using the MOSIX extensions for load monitoring and remote execution, were used to eliminate a performance bottleneck and to reduce the cost of building software. We present a discussion of our original software development cluster, an analysis of the performance issues in that cluster, and the development and modifications done to MOSIX and Linux in order to produce a solution to our problem. We finish by presenting future developments that will enhance our cluster. Introduction As computers increase their processing power, software complexity grows at an even larger rate in order to consume all of these new CPU cycles. Not only does running the new software require more CPU cycles, but the time required to compile and link the software also increases. EMC Corpor...
Video abstraction: summarizing video content for retrieval and visualization (2002)

We describe a scheme for summarizing video content using mosaics and moving object trajectories, and an approach exploiting this scheme for content-based retrieval and scene visualization. Video is segmented into clips using scene cut detection. Within each clip, static scene content is summarized by a mosaic, and dynamic content, by segmenting and tracking moving objects. If available, sensor view point data is used to map these summaries to physical coordinates. A collection of clips can be browsed or searched on appearance as depicted by the mosaic, or on activity as depicted by tracks. The mosaic and tracks support an enhanced video viewer that allows the contents of entire clips to be examined rapidly-for example, as tracks overlayed upon a mosaic.
Bench-to-bedside review: Appropriate antibiotic therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock – does the dose matter? (2009)

Appropriate antibiotic therapy in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock should mean prompt achievement and maintenance of optimal exposure at the infection site with broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents administered in a timely manner. Once the causative pathogens have been identified and tested for in vitro susceptibility, subsequent de-escalation of antimicrobial therapy should be applied whenever feasible. The goal of appropriate antibiotic therapy must be pursued resolutely and with continuity, in view of the ongoing explosion of antibiotic-resistant infections that plague the intensive care unit setting and of the continued decrease in new antibiotics emerging. This article provides some principles for the correct handling of antimicrobial dosing regimens in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, in whom various pathophysiological conditions may significantly alter the pharmacokinetic behaviour of drugs.
Photoluminescence Quenching of Conjugated Macromolecules by Bipyridinium Derivatives in Aqueous Media:  Charge Dependence (2001)

Quenching of the photoluminescence from a water-soluble conjugated macromolecule, poly[5-methoxy-2-(4-sulfobutoxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene], by neutral 4,4‘-dipyridyl and by six bipyridinium derivatives with different charges was studied. For the neutral quenchers, the linear Stern−Volmer constant (Ksv) was (1−2) × 105 M-1. For the charged quenchers, Ksv increases when the charge on the quencher is increased, from (1−3) × 106 M-1 for singly charged quenchers to 2 × 107 M-1 for bipyridinium derivatives with charge +2 and +4, consistent with static quenching via the formation of a complex between the positively charged polymer and the positively charged quencher. A modified Stern−Volmer equation, including the sphere-of-action contribution, is used to discuss the upward curvature observed in the Stern−Volmer plots at higher concentrations.
The Plastid Membranes of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (1978)

Illumination of dark‐grown barley plants induces a massive insertion of the light‐harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein into the developing thylakoid membrane. In addition to the onset of chlorophyll synthesis, light induces specifically the appearance of a prominent mRNA species which codes for a polypeptide of M r 29500. This component was identified as a precursor of the apoprotein of the light‐harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein. The precursor has an M r larger than the authentic protein by approximately 4000. Studies of the chlorophyll‐ b ‐less mutant chlorina f2 of barley offer the first clue to the mechanism which controls the light‐dependent mRNA formation. The induction of the mRNA coding for the apoprotein of the light‐harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein does not seem to be linked directly to the assembly process of the light‐harvesting structure and does not require chlorophyll b . It is proposed that light exerts its influence on the mRNA formation by a reaction which is different from the phototransformation of protochlorophyll(ide) to chlorophyll(ide).
Programming Microsoft .NET (2002)

Learn how to develop robust, Web-enabled and Microsoft Windows-based applications by taking advantage of C# and the Microsoft .NET Framework The Microsoft .NET initiative builds on industry standards to make interoperable software services available anywhere, on any device, over the Internet. Behind the initiative is the Microsoft .NET Framework, which combines a managed run-time environment with one of the richest class libraries ever invented to make building and deploying Web-enabled applications easier than ever. Find out how to leverage the full power of the .NET Framework with this definitive, one-stop resource, written by a leading authority in his trademark easy-to-follow, conversational style. You'll learn about the key programming models embodied in the .NET Framework, including Windows® Forms, Web Forms, and XML Web services. And you'll benefit from a wealth of how-to examples, code samples, and complete working programs in C#.
Polymorphisms of the CYP2D6 gene increase susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (2000)

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common and highly familial rheumatic disorder. The sibling recurrence risk ratio for the disease is 63 and heritability assessed in twins >90%. Although MHC genes, including HLA-B27, contribute only 20-50% of the genetic risk for the disease, no non-MHC gene has yet been convincingly demonstrated to influence either susceptibility to the disease or its phenotypic expression. Previous linkage and association studies have suggested the presence of a susceptibility gene for AS close to, or within, the cytochrome P450 2D6 gene (CYP2D6, debrisoquine hydroxylase) located at chromosome 22q13.1. We performed a linkage study of chromosome 22 in 200 families with AS affected sibling-pairs. Association of alleles of the CYP2D6 gene was examined by both case-control and within-family means. For case-control studies, 617 unrelated individuals with AS (361 probands from sibling-pair and parent-case trio families and 256 unrelated non-familial sporadic cases) and 402 healthy ethnically matched controls were employed. For within-family association studies, 361 families including 161 parent-case trios and 200 affected sibling-pair families were employed. Homozygosity for poor metabolizer alleles was found to be associated with AS. Heterozygosity for the most frequent poor metabolizer allele (CYP2D6*4) was not associated with increased susceptibility to AS. Significant within-family association of CYP2D6*4 alleles and AS was demonstrated. Weak linkage was also demonstrated between CYP2D6 and AS. We postulate that altered metabolism of a natural toxin or antigen by the CYP2D6 gene may increase susceptibility to AS.