gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise model adaptation in model based speech enhancement (2002)

This paper presents a noise model adaptation algorithm for model based speech enhancement (MBSE). Noise model adaptation is essential for proper operation of MBSE in non-stationary noise environments. The proposed algorithm updates the model to reflect changes in the amplitude, spectral shape and sources of the noise. Noise model codewords are selected for retraining based on a distance measure from noise-only input vectors, and a new centroid is formed based on a moving-average window length which determines the adaptation characteristics. An efficient algorithm for updating the probability structure of the noise model is presented. The adaptation algorithm is evaluated and shown to improve the performance of minimum mean-square error MBSE against actual non-stationary noise environments.
Alteration of the Fatty Acid Profile of Streptomyces coelicolor by Replacement of the Initiation Enzyme 3-Ketoacyl Acyl Carrier Protein Synthase III (FabH) (2005)

The first elongation step of fatty acid biosynthesis by a type II dissociated fatty acid synthases is catalyzed by 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase III (KASIII, FabH). This enzyme, encoded by the fabH gene, catalyzes a decarboxylative condensation between an acyl coenzyme A (CoA) primer and malonyl-ACP. In organisms such as Escherichia coli, which generate only straight-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), FabH has a substrate preference for acetyl-CoA. In streptomycetes and other organisms which produce a mixture of both SCFAs and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), FabH has been shown to utilize straight- and branched-chain acyl-CoA substrates. We report herein the generation of a Streptomyces coelicolor mutant (YL/ecFabH) in which the chromosomal copy of the fabH gene has been replaced and the essential process of fatty acid biosynthesis is initiated by plasmid-based expression of the E. coli FabH (bearing only 35% amino acid identity to the Streptomyces enzyme). The YL/ecFabH mutant produces predominantly SCFAs (86%). In contrast, BCFAs predominate (approximately 70%) in both the S. coelicolor parental strain and S. coelicolor YL/sgFabH (a deltafabH mutant carrying a plasmid expressing the Streptomyces glaucescens FabH). These results provide the first unequivocal evidence that the substrate specificity of FabH observed in vitro is a determinant of the fatty acid made in an organism. The YL/ecFabH strain grows significantly slower on both solid and liquid media. The levels of FabH activity in cell extracts of YL/ecFabH were also significantly lower than those in cell extracts of YL/sgFabH, suggesting that a decreased rate of fatty acid synthesis may account for the observed decreased growth rate. The production of low levels of BCFAs in YL/ecFabH suggests either that the E. coli FabH is more tolerant of different acyl-CoAs substrates than previously thought or that there is an additional pathway for initiation of BCFA biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor.
Evaluation of two formulations of adjuvanted RTS, S malaria vaccine in children aged 3 to 5 years living in a malaria-endemic region of Mozambique: a Phase I/IIb randomized double-blind bridging trial (2007)

Our data show that the RTS, S/AS02D is safe, well tolerated, and demonstrates non-inferiority (defined as upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the anti-CS GMT ratio of RTS, S/AS02A to RTS, S/AS02D below 3.0) of the antibody responses to circumsporozoite and HBsAg induced by the RTS, S/AS02D as compared to the RTS, S/AS02A.
Genomic Variation and Toxin Specificity of Ustilago maydis Virus Isolated in Korea (1993)

Novel Ustilagomaydis strains, designated as SH1 to 14 containing new types of ds RNA segments, are identified from corn smut in Korea. Among 14 isolates, 7 isolates appear to posses virus particles and the other isolates may contain dsRNA as a plasmid form. The pattern of dsRNA is highly diverse form a typical P-type containing one or more of H, M, and L dsRNAs to the one containing one or move M dsRNAs. It is likely that the strains containing H dsRNA posses virus particles which were confirmed by sucrose density gradient followed with different range of specificity and the activity of the strain (SH14) is stronger than A4 toxin. The sensitivity of 14 isolates is also very diverse and two strains (SH10, SH11) appear tobe universal sensitve strains against 5 tested toxin samples.
Repeated otilonium bromide administration prevents neurotransmitter changes in colon of rats underwent to wrap restraint stress (2016)

Otilonium bromide (OB) is a spasmolytic drug successfully used for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Its efficacy has been attributed to the block of L- and T-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels and muscarinic and tachykinin receptors in the smooth muscle. Furthermore, in healthy rats, repeated OB administration modified neurotransmitter expression and function suggesting other mechanisms of action. On this basis, we investigated whether repeated OB treatment prevented the functional and neurochemical changes observed in the colon of rats underwent to wrap restrain stress (WRS) a psychosocial stressor considered suitable to reproduce the main IBS signs and symptoms. In control, WRS and OB/WRS rats functional parameters were measured in vivo and morphological investigations were done ex vivo in the colon. The results showed that OB counteracts most of the neurotransmitters changes caused by WRS. In particular, the drug prevents the decrease in SP-, NK1r-, nNOS-, VIP-, and S100β-immunoreactivity (IR) and the increase in CGRP-, and CRF1r-IR. On the contrary, OB does not affect the increase in CRF2r-IR neurons observed in WRS rats and does not interfere with the mild mucosal inflammation due to WRS. Finally, OB per se increases the Mr2 expression in the muscle wall and decreases the number of the myenteric ChAT-IR neurons. Functional findings show a significantly reduction in the number of spontaneous abdominal contraction in OB treated rats. The ability of OB to block L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels, also expressed by enteric neurons, might represent a possible mechanism through which OB exerts its actions.
Age-dependent reduction in insulin secretion and insulin mRNA in isolated islets from rats (1995)

Aging is an etiologic factor in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. To characterize the beta-cell abnormalities that occur with age, we investigated glucose-stimulated insulin release, pancreatic insulin content, and mRNA levels for islet-specific genes in aging Wistar rats. Ten minutes after glucose stimulation, 6-mo-old islets had approximately 40% more cells secreting insulin than 24-mo-old islets (P < 0.0001); after 1 h, 67 +/- 1.0% islets from 6-mo-old rats secreted insulin, compared with 51 +/- 3.5% from 24-mo-old rats (P < 0.0001). The amount of insulin secreted by each beta-cell was also less in the older animals (P < 0.0001). Despite increases in islet size (P < 0.0001) and beta-cell number (P < 0.0001) with age, whole pancreas insulin content showed that 24-mo-old pancreas had less insulin than 6-mo-old pancreas (0.61 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.84 +/- 0.08 microgram/mg pancreatic protein; P < 0.05). Finally, insulin mRNA levels declined to 50% of the newborn value in 24-mo-old islets (P < 0.0001), whereas glucagon mRNA levels showed a very modest decline with age. Somatostatin mRNA levels did not vary significantly. In summary, it appears that in Wistar rats there is a progressive decline in beta-cell activity with age. This decline may represent the biological features of the age-dependent risk of developing diabetes.
Comparison of hydroxyapatite and beta tricalcium phosphate as bone substitutes after excision of bone tumors (2004)

Long-term results are reported in 23 patients and short-term results in 30 patients presenting with bone tumors treated by curettage or resection followed by implantation of hydroxyapatite (HA) or highly purified beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP), respectively. Mean follow-up was 97 and 26 months in cases involving HA implantation and beta-TCP implantation, respectively. Radiographs revealed HA incorporation into host bone in all but two cases; moreover, no obvious evidence of HA biodegradation was observed. A single patient exhibited late deformity following implantation of HA. All grafted beta-TCP was, at least partially, absorbed and replaced by newly formed bone. The mean period required for the disappearance of radiolucent zones between the ceramics and host bone was 17 weeks in HA and 9.7 weeks in beta-TCP. Highly purified beta-TCP appears to be advantageous relative to HA for surgical intervention in bone tumors consequent to the nature of remodeling and superior osteoconductivity.
Phagocytosis and the Inflammatory Response (2003)

Macrophages are a cornerstone of the innate immune system. They detect infectious organisms via a plethora of receptors, phagocytose them, and orchestrate an appropriate host response. Phagocytosis is extraordinarily complex: numerous receptors stimulate particle internalization, the cytoskeletal elements mediating internalization differ by receptor system and the nature of the pathogen being internalized, and the outcome can differ by bacterium. After generating a panel of 150 monoclonal antibodies that recognizes proteins recruited to the phagosome, analysis of novel phagocytic proteins was prioritized by focusing on those that behave differently during the internalization of virulent and avirulent bacteria. Several novel proteins that have roles in membrane extension were characterized. Although the inflammatory pathways leading to appropriate host response are reasonably well defined, it is not clear how macrophages define the threat precisely. Recent work indicates that Toll-like receptors play a key role in reading a "bar code" on invading microorganisms and in eliciting a specific immune response. The mechanisms and coupling to the phagocytic response are discussed.
Identification, Synthesis, and Conformation of Tri- and Tetrathiacycloalkanes from Marine Bacteria (2007)

Seven new cyclic natural polysulfides 1-7 were identified in extracts of two bacterial Cytophaga strains (CFB-phylum) isolated from biofilms from the North Sea. Their structures are based on mono- and dimeric-cyclization products of 2-methylpropane-1,2-dithiol 8, which was also present in the extract in trace amounts. The structures were deduced by analysis of their mass spectra and confirmed by synthesis. The 1H NMR spectra of some these compounds suggested a high flexibility of the trithiepane and tetrathiocane systems. Therefore, their conformation was further analyzed by DFT calculations and dynamic NMR spectroscopy. While thiepane 4 possesses a twist-chair lowest energy conformation, its isomers 2 and 3 adopt a chairlike conformation, as does the tetrathiocane 5. In contrast, tetrathiocane 6 favors again a twisted chair conformation.
Experimental propagation analysis in a CDMA 1x macro cell (2005)

Similar to the procedure used for CDMA cell site optimization, a mobile handset was used to collect data regarding the signal quality received from a CDMA base station operating in the 800MHz band. This data was then analyzed to determine its usefulness in defining the radio channel. The study was motivated by the need to gather the data required for optimization of a CDMA I x cell site with the use of customer handsets rather than with customized test equipment. Over 50,000 valid measurements were made, which is enough to provide almost complete 2D coverage of the area. Handset location and signal strength were analyzed to recover information regarding mean path loss, fast fading, slow fading, 1 D autocorrelation, and 2D autocorrelation. Two and three dimensional plots were produced of these parameters. The results compared favourably with those obtained in previous studies.
Response: mechanisms of targeting CD47-SIRPα in hematologic malignancies (2012)

Zhao et al[1][1] raise several issues from our prior work[2][2],[3][3] characterizing the mechanism of targeting CD47 in human hematopoietic malignancies. We reported that a blocking anti-CD47 antibody can eliminate multiple human tumor types and that a major mechanism is through phagocytosis via
Spontaneously organized molecular assemblies. 3. Preparation and properties of solution adsorbed monolayers of organic disulfides on gold surfaces (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpontaneously organized molecular assemblies. 3. Preparation and properties of solution adsorbed monolayers of organic disulfides on gold surfacesRalph G. Nuzzo, Florence A. Fusco, and David L. AllaraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 8, 2358–2368Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00242a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00242a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2984Altmetric-Citations611LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clopidogrel and Aspirin versus Aspirin Alone for the Prevention of Atherothrombotic Events (2006)

In this trial, there was a suggestion of benefit with clopidogrel treatment in patients with symptomatic atherothrombosis and a suggestion of harm in patients with multiple risk factors. Overall, clopidogrel plus aspirin was not significantly more effective than aspirin alone in reducing the rate of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00050817.).
Transforming Triglycerides and Fatty Acids into Biofuels (2009)

Fuels derived from biobased materials are attracting attention for their potential in securing the energy supply and protecting the environment. In this Minireview, we evaluate the use of biobased sources, particularly fatty acids and triglycerides from seed oils and animal fats, as fuels. The physical and chemical properties of these fatty acids and triglycerides are discussed, including the link to their sources and current availability to meet fuel demands. The current technologies, also known as the first-generation ones, for converting triglycerides into fuels are covered, including conventional methods such as transesterification, pyrolysis, cracking, and emulsions. Recent, second-generation technological developments that lead to more commercially viable biofuels based on diesel-like hydrocarbons are also discussed.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Contrast Agent Bolus Dispersion in a Coronary Bifurcation: Impact on MRI-Based Quantification of Myocardial Perfusion (2013)

Contrast-enhanced first-pass magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with a tracer kinetic model, for example, MMID4, can be used to determine myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR). Typically, the arterial input function (AIF) required for this methodology is estimated from the left ventricle (LV). Dispersion of the contrast agent bolus might occur between the LV and the myocardial tissue. Negligence of bolus dispersion could cause an error in MBF determination. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of bolus dispersion in a simplified coronary bifurcation geometry including one healthy and one stenotic branch on the quantification of MBF and MPR. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were combined with MMID4. Different inlet boundary conditions describing pulsatile and constant flows for rest and hyperemia and differing outflow conditions have been investigated. In the bifurcation region, the increase of the dispersion was smaller than inside the straight vessels. A systematic underestimation of MBF values up to -16.1% for pulsatile flow and an overestimation of MPR up to 7.5% were found. It was shown that, under the conditions considered in this study, bolus dispersion can significantly influence the results of quantitative myocardial MR-perfusion measurements.
Cholesterol Depletion Disrupts Caveolae and Insulin Receptor Signaling for Metabolic Control via Insulin Receptor Substrate-1, but Not for Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Control (2001)

Insulin exerts its cellular control through receptor binding in caveolae in plasmalemma of target cells (Gustavsson, J., Parpal, S., Karlsson, M., Ramsing, C., Thorn, H., Borg, M., Lindroth, M., Peterson, K. H., Magnusson, K.-E., and Strålfors, P. (1999) FASEB. J. 13, 1961-1971). We now report that a progressive cholesterol depletion of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with beta-cyclodextrin gradually destroyed caveolae structures and concomitantly attenuated insulin stimulation of glucose transport, in effect making cells insulin-resistant. Insulin access to or affinity for the insulin receptor on rat adipocytes was not affected as determined by (125)I-insulin binding. By immunoblotting of plasma membranes, total amount of insulin receptor and of caveolin remained unchanged. Receptor autophosphorylation in response to insulin was not affected by cholesterol depletion. Insulin treatment of isolated caveolae preparations increased autophosphorylation of receptor before and following cholesterol depletion. Insulin-increased tyrosine phosphorylation of an immediate downstream signal transducer, insulin receptor substrate-1, and activation of the further downstream protein kinase B were inhibited. In contrast, insulin signaling to mitogenic control as determined by control of the extracellular signal-related kinases 1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was not affected. Insulin did not control Shc phosphorylation, and Shc did not control extracellular signal-related kinases 1/2, whereas cholesterol depletion constitutively phosphorylated Shc. In conclusion, caveolae are critical for propagating the insulin receptor signal to downstream targets and have the potential for sorting signal transduction for metabolic and mitogenic effects.
Monitoring manual control of electric lighting and blinds (2003)

This paper reviews, validates and extends present knowledge of the degree and kind of manual control strategies of blinds and electric lighting systems that are used in private and two-person offices. A new monitoring setup was applied from March to December 2000 in 10 daylit offices in Germany that featured manually operated electric lighting and automatically controlled external venetian blinds with manual override. The data shows that individuals consistently followed the same control strategy for their electric lighting and blinds. Groups of individuals tended to activate their electric lighting according to Hunt’s probability function, although there was a large spread between individual control levels. All subjects used their blinds to avoid direct sunlight above 50 W/m 2 , and incoming solar gains above 50 klux (~450 W/m 2 ). They also were more willing to accept automatic blind opening than closing.
Kinetic analysis of 125I-iodorotenone as a deposited myocardial flow tracer: comparison with 99mTc-sestamibi. (2001)

The extraction and retention of 125I-iodorotenone were greater than those of 99mTc-sestamibi, making 125I-iodorotenone the superior flow tracer in the isolated rabbit heart.
Acetylcholine release from guinea‐pig ileum by parasympathetic ganglion stimulants and gastrin‐like polypeptides (1973)

1. The release of acetylcholine by parasympathetic ganglion stimulants from the nerve terminals of the guinea-pig longitudinal muscle strip was studied. The acetylcholine released was collected in the presence of physostigmine sulphate.2. Nicotine and 1,1-dimethyl-4'-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP) released acetylcholine. Tetrodotoxin (50 ng/ml) and hexamethonium completely prevented their action on acetylcholine release, indicating that their effect is on nicotinic receptors of cell bodies. Noradrenaline (1 mug/ml), excess magnesium, and calcium withdrawal inhibited the acetylcholine release induced by nicotine or by DMPP.3. There was rapid tachyphylaxis to the acetylcholine releasing action of both nicotine and DMPP.4. The octapeptide amide of cholecystokinin and caerulein (10(-9)M) enhanced the acetylcholine release without producing tachyphylaxis. Tetrodotoxin completely inhibited acetylcholine release. However, hexamethonium or desensitization with 5-hydroxytryptamine did not prevent their action. In the early phase of nicotine action the polypeptides studied failed to increase acetylcholine release. However, a few minutes later the tissue became sensitive to polypeptides despite the fact that the tissue was still exposed to nicotine. These data suggest the presence in the parasympathetic ganglion cells of separate gastrointestinal hormone-sensitive receptors.5. Noradrenaline inhibited the acetylcholine releasing action of polypeptides. This effect was mediated via alpha-adrenoceptors since phentolamine prevented its action.6. Excess magnesium (9.3 mM) also reduced the acetylcholine release in response to the polypeptides.
A Prospective, Multicenter, National Cancer Institute Early Detection Research Network Study of [−2]proPSA: Improving Prostate Cancer Detection and Correlating with Cancer Aggressiveness (2010)

The addition of %[-2]proPSA could affect the early detection of prostate cancer.
Near Shannon limit performance of low density paritycheck codes (1996)

The authors report the empirical performance of Gallager&apos;s low density parity check codes on Gaussian channels. It is shown that performance substantially better than that of standard convolutional and concatenated codes can be achieved; indeed the performance is almost as close to the Shannon limit as that of Turbo codes.
The design and implementation of the TRIPS prototype chip (2005)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the authors' conference presentation. They conclude that: distributed microarchitecture; wire delay; distributed component protocol; tiled microarchitecture; design productivity; instruction-level parallelism; and EDGE ISA.