gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lake Nyos disaster, Cameroon, 1986: the medical effects of large scale emission of carbon dioxide? (1989)

Carbon dioxide was blamed for the deaths of around 1700 people in Cameroon, west Africa, in 1986 when a massive release of gas occurred from Lake Nyos, a volcanic crater lake. The clinical findings in 845 survivors seen at or admitted to hospital were compatible with exposure to an asphyxiant gas. Rescuers noted cutaneous erythema and bullae on an unknown proportion of corpses and 161 (19%) survivors treated in hospital; though these lesions were initially believed to be burns from acidic gases, further investigation suggested that they were associated with coma states caused by exposure to carbon dioxide in air. The disaster at Lake Nyos and a similar event at Lake Monoun, Cameroon, two years previously provide new information on the possible medical effects of large scale emissions of carbon dioxide, though the presence of other toxic factors in these gas releases cannot be excluded.
Flow Characteristics of Linear, End-Blocked Dimethylpolysiloxane Fluids. (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlow Characteristics of Linear, End-Blocked Dimethylpolysiloxane Fluids.G. C. JohnsonCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1961, 6, 2, 275–278Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60010a028https://doi.org/10.1021/je60010a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A site-specific single strand endonuclease activity induced by NYs-1 virus infection of aChlorella-like green alga (1988)

A site-specific endonuclease was isolated from a eukaryotic Chlorella-like green alga infected with the dsDNA-containing virus NYs-1. The enzyme recognizes the sequence 5'-CC-3' and cleaves 5' to the first C. It cleaves 5'-CmC-3' sequences but not 5'-mCC-3' sequences. The enzyme creates breaks in dsDNA whenever two 5'-CC-3' sequences on opposite strands are close enough for the two strands to separate; when the 5'-CC-3' sequences on opposite strands are further apart only a portion of the strands separate. Consequently, NYs-1 endonuclease does not produce a completely stable DNA digestion pattern. The enzyme probably does not cleave ssDNA and definitely does not cleave ssRNA or dsRNA.
Functional study of the vitamin K cycle in mammalian cells (2011)

We describe a cell-based assay for studying vitamin K-cycle enzymes. A reporter protein consisting of the gla domain of factor IX (amino acids 1-46) and residues 47-420 of protein C was stably expressed in HEK293 and AV12 cells. Both cell lines secrete carboxylated reporter when fed vitamin K or vitamin K epoxide (KO). However, neither cell line carboxylated the reporter when fed KO in the presence of warfarin. In the presence of warfarin, vitamin K rescued carboxylation in HEK293 cells but not in AV12 cells. Dicoumarol, an NAD(P)H-dependent quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) inhibitor, behaved similarly to warfarin in both cell lines. Warfarin-resistant vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR-Y139F) supported carboxylation in HEK293 cells when fed KO in the presence of warfarin, but it did not in AV12 cells. These results suggest the following: (1) our cell system is a good model for studying the vitamin K cycle, (2) the warfarin-resistant enzyme reducing vitamin K to hydroquinone (KH₂) is probably not NQO1, (3) there appears to be a warfarin-sensitive enzyme other than VKOR that reduces vitamin K to KH₂, and (4) the primary function of VKOR is the reduction of KO to vitamin K.
The Membrane-Associated Methane Monooxygenase (pMMO) and pMMO-NADH:Quinone Oxidoreductase Complex from Methylococcus capsulatus Bath (2003)

Improvements in purification of membrane-associated methane monooxygenase (pMMO) have resulted in preparations of pMMO with activities more representative of physiological rates: i.e., >130 nmol.min(-1).mg of protein(-1). Altered culture and assay conditions, optimization of the detergent/protein ratio, and simplification of the purification procedure were responsible for the higher-activity preparations. Changes in the culture conditions focused on the rate of copper addition. To document the physiological events that occur during copper addition, cultures were initiated in medium with cells expressing soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and then monitored for morphological changes, copper acquisition, fatty acid concentration, and pMMO and sMMO expression as the amended copper concentration was increased from 0 (approximately 0.3 microM) to 95 microM. The results demonstrate that copper not only regulates the metabolic switch between the two methane monooxygenases but also regulates the level of expression of the pMMO and the development of internal membranes. With respect to stabilization of cell-free pMMO activity, the highest cell-free pMMO activity was observed when copper addition exceeded maximal pMMO expression. Optimization of detergent/protein ratios and simplification of the purification procedure also contributed to the higher activity levels in purified pMMO preparations. Finally, the addition of the type 2 NADH:quinone oxidoreductase complex (NADH dehydrogenase [NDH]) from M. capsulatus Bath, along with NADH and duroquinol, to enzyme assays increased the activity of purified preparations. The NDH and NADH were added to maintain a high duroquinol/duroquinone ratio.
Communesins G and H, New Alkaloids from the Psychrotolerant Fungus Penicillium rivulum (2005)

Communesins G (1) and H (2), two new alkaloids, have been isolated from the psychrotolerant, new species Penicillium rivulum Frisvad. The compounds were isolated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography and preparative HPLC using UV-guided fractionation. The structures were determined from 1D and 2D NMR techniques and HRESIMS. In contrast to all other known communesins, 1 and 2 were found inactive in antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer assays.
A versatile biosynthetic approach to amide bond formation (2018)

Combining <italic>N</italic>-acyltransferases and CoA ligases with desired substrate profiles allows the construction of non-natural biosynthetic pathways for the synthesis of structurally diverse secondary and tertiary amides in high yields.
Isolation of VanB-Type Enterococcus faecalis Strains from Nosocomial Infections: First Report of the Isolation and Identification of the Pheromone-Responsive Plasmids pMG2200, Encoding VanB-Type Vancomycin Resistance and a Bac41-Type Bacteriocin, and pMG2201, Encoding Erythromycin Resistance and Cytolysin (Hly/Bac) (2008)

Eighteen identical VanB-type Enterococcus faecalis isolates that were obtained from different hospitalized patients were examined for their drug resistance and plasmid DNAs. Of the 18 strains, 12 strains exhibited resistance to erythromycin (Em), gentamicin (Gm), kanamycin (Km), tetracycline (Tc), and vancomycin (Van) and produced cytolysin (Hly/Bac) and a bacteriocin (Bac) active against E. faecalis strains. Another six of the strains exhibited resistance to Gm, Km, Tc, and Van and produced a bacteriocin. Em and Van resistance was transferred individually to E. faecalis FA2-2 strains at a frequency of about 10(-4) per donor cell by broth mating. The Em-resistant transconjugants and the Van-resistant transconjugants harbored a 65.7-kbp plasmid and a 106-kbp plasmid, respectively. The 106-kbp and 65.7-kbp plasmids isolated from the representative E. faecalis NKH15 strains were designated pMG2200 and pMG2201, respectively. pMG2200 conferred vancomycin resistance and bacteriocin activity on the host strain and responded to the synthetic pheromone cCF10 for pCF10, while pMG2201 conferred erythromycin resistance and cytolysin activity on its host strain and responded to the synthetic pheromone cAD1 for pAD1. The complete DNA sequence of pMG2200 (106,527 bp) showed that the plasmid carried a Tn1549-like element encoding vanB2-type resistance and the Bac41-like bacteriocin genes of pheromone-responsive plasmid pYI14. The plasmid contained the regulatory region found in pheromone-responsive plasmids and encoded the genes prgX and prgQ, which are the key negative regulatory elements for plasmid pCF10. pMG2200 also encoded TraE1, a key positive regulator of plasmid pAD1, indicating that pMG2200 is a naturally occurring chimeric plasmid that has a resulting prgX-prgQ-traE1 genetic organization in the regulatory region of the pheromone response. The functional oriT region and the putative relaxase gene of pMG2200 were identified and found to differ from those of pCF10 and pAD1. The putative relaxase of pMG2200 was classified as a member of the MOB(MG) family, which is found in pheromone-independent plasmid pHTbeta of the pMG1-like plasmids. This is the first report of the isolation and characterization of a pheromone-responsive highly conjugative plasmid encoding vanB resistance.
AVXS-101 Phase 1 Gene Therapy Clinical Trial in SMA Type 1: Event Free Survival and Achievement of developmental milestones (CT.003) (2017)

Spinal muscular atrophy is a devastating, monogenic neurodegenerative disease that in its most severe form, SMA Type 1 (SMA1), afflicted children never sit unassisted, roll over or maintain head control. A natural history study of SMA1 children reported that none achieved a CHOP-INTEND score of ≥40 (with one transient exception at ~41) and 75% died or required permanent-ventilation by 13.6 months. This trial explores safety and efficacy of a single intravenous administration of gene therapy in SMA1.
Epstein-Barr Virus Encodes a Novel Homolog of thebcl-2Oncogene That Inhibits Apoptosis and Associates with Bax and Bak (1999)

The sequenced gammaherpesviruses each contain a single viral bcl-2 homolog (v-bcl-2) which may encode a protein that functions in preventing the apoptotic death of virus-infected cells. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a gammaherpesvirus associated with several lymphoid and epithelial malignancies, encodes the v-Bcl-2 homolog BHRF1. In this report the previously uncharacterized BALF1 open reading frame in EBV is identified as having significant sequence similarity to other v-bcl-2 homologs and cellular bcl-2. Transfection of cells with a BALF1 cDNA conferred apoptosis resistance. Furthermore, a recombinant green fluorescent protein-BALF1 fusion protein suppressed apoptosis and associated with Bax and Bak. These results indicate that EBV encodes a second functional v-bcl-2.
Attentional Pooling for Action Recognition (2017)

We introduce a simple yet surprisingly powerful model to incorporate attention in action recognition and human object interaction tasks. Our proposed attention module can be trained with or without extra supervision, and gives a sizable boost in accuracy while keeping the network size and computational cost nearly the same. It leads to significant improvements over state of the art base architecture on three standard action recognition benchmarks across still images and videos, and establishes new state of the art on MPII dataset with 12.5% relative improvement. We also perform an extensive analysis of our attention module both empirically and analytically. In terms of the latter, we introduce a novel derivation of bottom-up and top-down attention as low-rank approximations of bilinear pooling methods (typically used for fine-grained classification). From this perspective, our attention formulation suggests a novel characterization of action recognition as a fine-grained recognition problem.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Phosphate and Sodium Phosphate: Novel Solid Catalysts for Knoevenagel Condensation in Heterogeneous Medium. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChronicPseudomonas aeruginosaInfection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2008)

These results provide the first evidence supporting the hypothesis that P. aeruginosa causes chronic infections in COPD, with patterns of infection and evolution that resemble those observed in cystic fibrosis. Experience gained from treating cystic fibrosis might be useful for implementing new procedures for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infection due to P. aeruginosa in COPD.
Serum metabolic profiling and features of papillary thyroid carcinoma and nodular goiter (2011)

Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine malignancy worldwide, accounting for approximately 1% of all diagnosed cancers and about 91.5% of the malignancies of head and neck. However, differentiating malignant thyroid nodules from benign ones remains a diagnostic challenge. Thus, novel molecular markers that enable non-invasive diagnostics for malignant thyroid nodules are urgently needed. In the present study, a metabonomic investigation based on liquid chromatography-LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometry was employed for serum metabolic profiling of 30 cases of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), 80 cases of nodular goiters (benign thyroid nodules) and 30 cases of healthy controls. According to the results of multivariate statistical data analysis, the significantly changed metabolites among these three groups were defined. It was found that most of these metabolites decreased in the sera of both malignant and benign thyroid cases due to the increased metabolic rate, which is in accordance with clinical features. The major metabolic differences between benign and malignant nodules occurred in lipid metabolism. Especially, the content of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate product of fatty acid metabolism, was much higher in the PTC group than that in the nodule goiter and control groups, indicating its potential as a diagnostic marker for PTC and nodular goiters. These results show that the serum metabolic profiling method is a powerful tool for distinguishing thyroid carcinoma from nodular goiter and healthy controls.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (2005)

<h3>Key points</h3> PAH is defined by RHC showing a pre-capillary PH. Clinical suspicion of PH should arise in the case of symptoms such as dyspnoea without overt signs of specific heart or lung disease. RHC is required to confirm the diagnosis of PAH, to assess the severity of the haemodynamic impairment and to test the vasoreactivity of the pulmonary circulation. Variables that have been shown to predict prognosis in IPAH include baseline NYHA functional classification, history of right heart failure, baseline 6-minute walk distance, and baseline haemodynamics. FPAH segregates as an autosomal dominant trait, but with markedly reduced penetrance. Germline BMPR2 mutations have been detected in at least 60% of the families studied to date, as well as in cases of so-called IPAH. Basic PAH therapy includes oxygen, diuretics and warfarin. Chronic treatment with oral CCBs should be considered for PAH patients who respond to acute vasodilator challenge. Cohort analysis of IPAH patients receiving continuous intravenous epoprostenol, as compared to historical control groups, clearly demonstrated clinical benefits in NYHA functional class III and IV patients. Two double-blind, randomised, placebocontrolled trials have supported the efficacy of oral bosentan in patients with PAH class III. One double-blind, randomised placebocontrolled trial has supported the efficacy of oral sildenafil in patients with symptomatic PAH. Lung transplantation is the ultimate alternative for severe PAH cases who cannot be managed medically. <h3>Educational aims</h3> To improve awareness of PAH. To describe the novel classification of PH. To provide information regarding the therapeutic approach of PAH. <h3>Summary</h3> Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare condition characterised by elevated pulmonary arterial resistance, leading to right heart failure. PAH can be sporadic (idiopathic PAH), familial or related to other conditions. Echocardiography is the investigation of choice for non-invasive screening. Measurement of haemodynamic parameters during right heart catheterisation (RHC) is mandatory to establish the diagnosis. Recent advances in the management of PAH include prostaglandins, endothelin receptor antagonists and PDE5 inhibitors. Lung transplantation is the last option for patients who deteriorate despite medical treatment. This review aims to update the reader on all these aspects of PAH.
A green fluorescent protein-reporter mammalian two-hybrid system with extrachromosomal maintenance of a prey expression plasmid: Application to interaction screening (2000)

An improved mammalian two-hybrid system designed for interaction trap screening is described in this paper. CV-1/EBNA-1 monkey kidney epithelial cells expressing Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) were stably transfected with a reporter plasmid for GAL4-dependent expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). A resulting clone, GB133, expressed GFP strongly when transfected transiently with transcriptional activators fused to GAL4 DNA-binding domain with minimal background GFP expression. GB133 cells maintained plasmids containing the OriP Epstein-Barr virus replication origin that directs replication of plasmids in mammalian cells in the presence of the EBNA-1 protein. GB133 cells transfected stably with a model bait expressed GFP when further transfected transiently with an expression plasmid for a known positive prey. When the bait-expressing GB133 cells were transfected transiently with an OriP-containing expression plasmid for the positive prey together with excess amounts of empty vector, cells that received the positive prey were readily identified by green fluorescence in cell culture and eventually formed green fluorescent microcolonies, because the prey plasmid was maintained by the EBNA-1/Ori-P system. The green fluorescent microcolonies were harvested directly from the culture dishes under a fluorescence microscope, and total DNA was then prepared. Prey-encoding cDNA was recovered by PCR using primers annealing to the vector sequences flanking the insert-cloning site. This system should be useful in mammalian cells for efficient screening of cDNA libraries by two-hybrid interaction.
Role of Matrix and Fusion Proteins in Budding of Sendai Virus (2001)

Paramyxoviruses are assembled at the surface of infected cells, where virions are formed by the process of budding. We investigated the roles of three Sendai virus (SV) membrane proteins in the production of virus-like particles. Expression of matrix (M) proteins from cDNA induced the budding and release of virus-like particles that contained M, as was previously observed with human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV1). Expression of SV fusion (F) glycoprotein from cDNA caused the release of virus-like particles bearing surface F, although their release was less efficient than that of particles bearing M protein. Cells that expressed only hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) released no HN-containing vesicles. Coexpression of M and F proteins enhanced the release of F protein by a factor greater than 4. The virus-like particles containing F and M were found in different density gradient fractions of the media of cells that coexpressed M and F, a finding that suggests that the two proteins formed separate vesicles and did not interact directly. Vesicles released by M or F proteins also contained cellular actin; therefore, actin may be involved in the budding process induced by viral M or F proteins. Deletion of C-terminal residues of M protein, which has a sequence similar to that of an actin-binding domain, significantly reduced release of the particles into medium. Site-directed mutagenesis of the cytoplasmic tail of F revealed two regions that affect the efficiency of budding: one domain comprising five consecutive amino acids conserved in SV and hPIV1 and one domain that is similar to the actin-binding domain required for budding induced by M protein. Our results indicate that both M and F proteins are able to drive the budding of SV and propose the possible role of actin in the budding process.
Locking the Dimeric GABA B G-Protein-Coupled Receptor in Its Active State (2004)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a major role in cell-cell communication in the CNS. These proteins oscillate between various inactive and active conformations, the latter being stabilized by agonists. Although mutations can lead to constitutive activity, most of these destabilize inactive conformations, and none lock the receptor in an active state. Moreover, GPCRs are known to form dimers, but the role of each protomer in the activation process remains unclear. Here, we show that the heterodimeric GPCR for the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, the GABA(B) receptor, can be locked in its active state by introducing two cysteines expected to form a disulphide bridge to maintain the binding domain of the GABA(B1) subunit in a closed form. This constitutively active receptor cannot be inhibited by antagonists, but its normal functioning, activation by agonists, and inhibition by antagonists can be restored after reduction with dithiothreitol. These data show that the closed state of the binding domain of GABA(B1) is sufficient to turn ON this heterodimeric receptor and illustrate for the first time that a GPCR can be locked in an active conformation.
Fast Tracks and Roadblocks for Zika Vaccines (2018)

In early 2014, a relatively obscure virus, the Zika virus, made headlines worldwide following an increase in the number of congenital malformations. Since then, research on Zika virus, treatment and vaccines have progressed swiftly with various drugs being repurposed and vaccines heading into clinical trials. Nonetheless, the need for a vaccine is crucial in order to eradicate this re-emerging arthropod-borne virus which remained silent since its first discovery in 1947. In this review, we focused on how the inconspicuous virus managed to spread, the key immunological factors required for a vaccine and the various vaccine platforms that are currently being studied.