gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of MB-102, a novel fluorescent tracer agent, for conducting ocular angiography in dogs (2020)

Results suggested that MB-102 would be useful for conducting ocular angiography in dogs.
Interactive color atlas of histology (2000)

Simple and straightforward, Gartner and Hiatt's Color Atlas of Histology CD-ROM simulates a laboratory experience without the need of going to the microscope. This image-based interactive program is designed to be used as either a supplement to the Third Edition atlas, or as a standalone resource. The CD-ROM contains 700 high-quality photomicrographs accompanied by clearly-written legends, 350 of which appear in the atlas. The CD is divided into two sections. The atlas portion contains 350 images that are identical to those found in the text version. The exam portion allows students to take chapter, unit or final examinations and contains over 300 new photomicrographs. Windows Compatibl
The cicada attack: Degradation and denial of service in IR ranging (2010)

We demonstrate that an interferer with malicious intentions can significantly degrade the performance of impulseradio (IR) ranging. The cicada attack we have developed can decrease the distance (degradation of service) measured by ranging algorithms designed to cope with weak NLOS conditions; it can also jam communication (denial of service). The attack is easy to mount and can be effective even against receivers designed to cope with benign multi-user interference. We also sketch possible countermeasures.
Design tradeoffs for SSD performance (2008)

Solid-state disks (SSDs) have the potential to revolutionize the storage system landscape. However, there is little published work about their internal organization or the design choices that SSD manufacturers face in pursuit of optimal performance. This paper presents a taxonomy of such design choices and analyzes the likely performance of various configurations using a trace-driven simulator and workload traces extracted from real systems. We find that SSD performance and lifetime is highly workloadsensitive, and that complex systems problems that normally appear higher in the storage stack, or even in distributed systems, are relevant to device firmware. 1
A Case Study of an Untrained Interpreter’s Court Interpreting (2010)

Drawing on the discourse of an untrained interpreter-mediated courtroom examination, this paper examines issues related to the accuracy in court interpreting and the role of the court interpreter, and the need for the legal professionals' awareness about the role of the court interpreter. Through illustrative examples, this paper demonstrates that untrained and incompetent interpreter's interpreting may influence the witness examination proper. The results clearly indicate that court interpreting service should be provided by trained professional interpreters and that legal professionals need to be aware of issues that may derive from inadequate court interpreting. This paper argues that legal professionals also need to understand how to work with interpreters in courtroom examinations. Finally, this paper calls for the judiciary's action on enhancing the quality of court interpreting that impinges on the exercise of justice.
Mitigating the paucity-of-data problem (2001)

In this paper, we discuss experiments applying machine learning techniques to the task of confusion set disambiguation, using three orders of magnitude more training data than has previously been used for any disambiguation-in-string-context problem. In an attempt to determine when current learning methods will cease to benefit from additional training data, we analyze residual errors made by learners when issues of sparse data have been significantly mitigated. Finally, in the context of our results, we discuss possible directions for the empirical natural language research community.
Characterization of the human ABC superfamily: isolation and mapping of 21 new genes using the expressed sequence tags database (1996)

As an approach to characterizing all human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily genes, a search of the human expressed sequence tag (EST) database was performed using sequences from known ABC genes. A total of 105 clones, containing sequences of potential ABC genes, were identified, representing 21 distinct genes. This brings the total number of characterized human ABC genes from 12 to 33. The new ABC genes were mapped by PCR on somatic cell and radiation hybrid panels and yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). The genes are located on human chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17 and X; at locations distinct from previously mapped members of the superfamily. The characterized genes display extensive diversity in sequence and expression pattern and this information was utilized to determine potential structural, functional and evolutionary relationships to previously characterized members of the ABC superfamily.
Convergent Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Convalescent Individuals (2020)

During the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infected millions of people and claimed hundreds of thousands of lives. Virus entry into cells depends on the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S). Although there is no vaccine, it is likely that antibodies will be essential for protection. However, little is known about the human antibody response to SARS-CoV-2<sup>1-5</sup>. Here we report on 149 COVID-19 convalescent individuals. Plasmas collected an average of 39 days after the onset of symptoms had variable half-maximal neutralizing titers ranging from undetectable in 33% to below 1:1000 in 79%, while only 1% showed titers >1:5000. Antibody cloning revealed expanded clones of RBD-specific memory B cells expressing closely related antibodies in different individuals. Despite low plasma titers, antibodies to three distinct epitopes on RBD neutralized at half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub>s) as low as single digit ng/mL. Thus, most convalescent plasmas obtained from individuals who recover from COVID-19 do not contain high levels of neutralizing activity. Nevertheless, rare but recurring RBD-specific antibodies with potent antiviral activity were found in all individuals tested, suggesting that a vaccine designed to elicit such antibodies could be broadly effective.
Fibroblasts Isolated from Common Sites of Breast Cancer Metastasis Enhance Cancer Cell Growth Rates and Invasiveness in an Interleukin-6–Dependent Manner (2008)

Common sites of breast cancer metastasis include the lung, liver, and bone, and of these secondary metastatic sites, estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-positive breast cancer often favors bone. Within secondary organs, cancer cells would predictably encounter tissue-specific fibroblasts or their soluble factors, yet our understanding of how tissue-specific fibroblasts directly affect cancer cell growth rates and survival remains largely unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that mesenchymal fibroblasts isolated from common sites of breast cancer metastasis provide a more favorable microenvironment with respect to tumor growth rates. We found a direct correlation between the ability of breast, lung, and bone fibroblasts to enhance ERalpha-positive breast cancer cell growth and the level of soluble interleukin-6 (IL-6) produced by each organ-specific fibroblast, and fibroblast-mediated growth enhancement was inhibited by the removal or inhibition of IL-6. Interestingly, mice coinjected with MCF-7 breast tumor cells and senescent skin fibroblasts, which secrete IL-6, developed tumors, whereas mice coinjected with presenescent skin fibroblasts that produce little to no IL-6 failed to form xenograft tumors. We subsequently determined that IL-6 promoted growth and invasion of breast cancer cells through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-dependent up-regulation of Notch-3, Jagged-1, and carbonic anhydrase IX. These data suggest that tissue-specific fibroblasts and the factors they produce can promote breast cancer disease progression and may represent attractive targets for development of new therapeutics.
Polyaromatic Ribbon/Benzofuran Fusion via Consecutive Endo Cyclizations of Enediynes (2012)

The Sonogashira/5-endo-dig/6-endo-dig cascade fuses a polycyclic aromatic backbone to the electron-rich furan subunit. The transformation proceeds in modest yields as a one-pot reaction. Efficiency of the full cascade is increased by removal of base prior to the addition of gold catalyst. Under these conditions, conversion to the full cascade products is achieved in nearly quantitative yields without purification of the intermediate products. Extension of the cascade toward triynes opens access to benzofuran-fused chrysene derivatives.
Soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand–osteoprotegerin ratio predicts survival in multiple myeloma: proposal for a novel prognostic index (2003)

Interaction between receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and RANK/osteoprotegerin (OPG) plays a dominant role in osteoclast activation and possibly in plasma cell survival in multiple myeloma (MM). We measured soluble RANKL (sRANKL), OPG, and bone remodeling markers in 121 patients with newly diagnosed MM to evaluate their role in bone disease and survival. Serum levels of sRANKL were elevated in patients with MM and correlated with bone disease. The sRANKL/OPG ratio was also increased and correlated with markers of bone resorption, osteolytic lesions, and markers of disease activity. The sRANKL/OPG ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP), and beta2-microglobulin were the only independent prognostic factors predicting survival in multivariate analysis. We generated a prognostic index based on these factors that divided our patients into 3 risk groups. The low-risk group had a 96% probability of survival at 5 years, whereas the intermediate-risk and the high-risk groups had probabilities of survival of 52% and 0%, respectively. Not only do these results confirm for the first time in humans the importance of sRANKL/OPG in the development of bone disease, they also highlight the role of this pathway in the biology of plasma cell growth as reflected by its influence on survival.
Molecular targeting of the oncogene eIF4E in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): a proof-of-principle clinical trial with ribavirin (2009)

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E is elevated in 30% of malignancies including M4/M5 subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The oncogenic potential of eIF4E arises from its ability to bind the 7-methyl guanosine (m(7)G) cap on mRNAs, thereby selectively enhancing eIF4E-dependent nuclear mRNA export and translation. We tested the clinical efficacy of targeting eIF4E in M4/M5 AML patients with a physical mimic of the m(7)G cap, ribavirin. Among 11 evaluable patients there were 1 complete remission (CR), 2 partial remissions (PRs), 2 blast responses (BRs), 4 stable diseases (SDs), and 2 progressive diseases (PDs). Ribavirin-induced relocalization of nuclear eIF4E to the cytoplasm and reduction of eIF4E levels were associated with clinical response. Lack of response or relapse coincided with continued or renewed nuclear localization of eIF4E. This first clinical study to target eIF4E in human malignancy demonstrates clinical activity and associated molecular responses in leukemic blasts. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00559091).
Hydrogen Sulfide and Oxygen Sensing in the Cardiovascular System (2009)

Vertebrate cardiorespiratory homeostasis is inextricably dependent upon specialized cells that provide feedback on oxygen status in the tissues, blood, and on occasion, environment. These "oxygen sensing" cells include chemoreceptors and oxygen-sensitive chromaffin cells that initiate cardiorespiratory reflexes, vascular smooth muscle cells that adjust perfusion to metabolism or ventilation, and other cells that condition themselves in response to episodic hypoxia. Identification of how these cells sense oxygen and transduce this into the appropriate physiological response has enormous clinical applicability, but despite intense research there is no consensus regarding the initial hypoxia-effector coupling mechanism. This review examines an alternative mechanism of oxygen sensing using oxidation of endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) as the O(2)-sensitive couple. Support for this hypothesis includes the similarity of effects of hypoxia and H(2)S on a variety of tissues, augmentation of hypoxic responses by precursors of H(2)S production and their inhibition by inhibitors of H(2)S synthesis, and the rapid consumption of H(2)S by O(2) in the range of intracellular/mitochondrial Po(2). These studies also indicate that, under normoxic conditions, it is doubtful that free H(2)S has longer than a transient existence in tissue or extracellular fluid.
Private and Continual Release of Statistics (2011)

We ask the question: how can Web sites and data aggregators continually release updated statistics, and meanwhile preserve each individual user’s privacy? Suppose we are given a stream of 0’s and 1’s. We propose a differentially private continual counter that outputs at every time step the approximate number of 1’s seen thus far. Our counter construction has error that is only poly-log in the number of time steps. We can extend the basic counter construction to allow Web sites to continually give top- k and hot items suggestions while preserving users’ privacy.
Endocytic delivery of lipocalin-siderophore-iron complex rescues the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury (2005)

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (Ngal), also known as siderocalin, forms a complex with iron-binding siderophores (Ngal:siderophore:Fe). This complex converts renal progenitors into epithelial tubules. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Ngal:siderophore:Fe protects adult kidney epithelial cells or accelerates their recovery from damage. Using a mouse model of severe renal failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, we show that a single dose of Ngal (10 microg), introduced during the initial phase of the disease, dramatically protects the kidney and mitigates azotemia. Ngal activity depends on delivery of the protein and its siderophore to the proximal tubule. Iron must also be delivered, since blockade of the siderophore with gallium inhibits the rescue from ischemia. The Ngal:siderophore:Fe complex upregulates heme oxygenase-1, a protective enzyme, preserves proximal tubule N-cadherin, and inhibits cell death. Because mouse urine contains an Ngal-dependent siderophore-like activity, endogenous Ngal might also play a protective role. Indeed, Ngal is highly accumulated in the human kidney cortical tubules and in the blood and urine after nephrotoxic and ischemic injury. We reveal what we believe to be a novel pathway of iron traffic that is activated in human and mouse renal diseases, and it provides a unique method for their treatment.
Abstract Yourself With Modules (1996)

Modules abstracts the activation of applications from the details of their installation. It provides a uniform interface for selecting applications and for applying the necessary changes to the environment.

Five years ago, the first paper on Modules was published [1]. Since then, Modules has been written in C, uses Tcl [2] as its extension language, has seen acceptance and use at a rich variety of sites and has acquired several features for supporting the management of hundreds of software packages across large and diverse intranets. With Modules' proven combination of features and flexibility, we believe it has the potential to become the preferred standard for software management and activation.

In this paper, we compare the Modules package with several systems that have appeared in the years since its introduction. We also present some real-world examples of how the Modules package is being applied. This paper covers some of the new features in the current implementation. Finally, we discuss how the Modules concept can be applied elsewhere, including the problem of loading and installing on-demand applets and applications.
Interleukin-11 Links Oxidative Stress and Compensatory Proliferation (2012)

Apoptotic cells can stimulate the compensatory proliferation of surrounding cells to maintain tissue homeostasis. Although oxidative stress is associated with apoptosis and necrosis, whether it contributes to compensatory proliferation is unknown. Here, we showed that interleukin-11 (IL-11), a member of the IL-6 family of proinflammatory cytokines, was produced by cells in an oxidative stress-dependent manner. IL-11 production depended on the activation in dying cells of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2, which in turn caused the phosphorylation and accumulation of the transcription factor Fra-1 by preventing its proteasome-dependent degradation. Fra-1 was subsequently recruited to the Il11 promoter and activated gene transcription. Upon acute liver injury in mice, IL-11 was mainly produced by hepatocytes in response to reactive oxygen species that were presumably released from dying hepatocytes. IL-11 that was secreted by the dying cells then induced the phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3 in adjacent healthy hepatocytes, which resulted in their compensatory proliferation. Furthermore, an IL-11 receptor (IL-11R) agonist enhanced the proliferation of hepatocytes and ameliorated oxidative stress upon acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Conversely, the effects of acetaminophen were exacerbated in mice deficient in the IL-11R α subunit. Together, these results suggest that IL-11 provides a functional link between oxidative stress and compensatory proliferation.
Germanium photodetector with 60 GHz bandwidth using inductive gain peaking (2013)

Germanium-on-silicon photodetectors have been heavily investigated in recent years as a key component of CMOS-compatible integrated photonics platforms. It has previously been shown that detector bandwidths could theoretically be greatly increased with the incorporation of a carefully chosen inductor and capacitor in the photodetector circuit. Here, we show the experimental results of such a circuit that doubles the detector 3dB bandwidth to 60 GHz. These results suggest that gain peaking is a generally applicable tool for increasing detector bandwidth in practical photonics systems without requiring the difficult process of lowering detector capacitance.
Effect of Substitution of Methyl Groups on the Luminescence Performance of IrIII Complexes: Preparation, Structures, Electrochemistry, Photophysical Properties and Their Applications in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) (2004)

Abstract A series of dimethyl‐substituted tris(pyridylphenyl)iridium( III ) derivatives [( n ‐MePy− n′ ‐MePh) 3 Ir] [ n = 3, n′ = 4 ( 1 ); n = 4, n′ = 4 ( 2 ); n = 4, n′ = 5 ( 3 ); n = 5, n′ = 4 ( 4 ); n = 5, n′ = 5 ( 5 )] have been synthesized and characterized to investigate the effect of the substitution of methyl groups on the solid‐state structure and photo‐ and electroluminescence. The absorption, emission, cyclic voltammetry and electroluminescent performance of 1 − 5 have also been systematically evaluated. The structures of 2 and 4 have been determined by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Under reflux (&gt; 200 °C) in glycerol solution, fac ‐type complexes with a distorted octahedral geometry are predominantly formed as the major components in all cases. Electrochemical studies showed much smaller oxidation potentials relative to Ir(ppy) 3 (Hppy = 2‐phenylpyridine). All complexes exhibit intense green photoluminescence (PL), which has been attributed to metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) triplet emission. The maximum emission wavelengths of thin films of 1 , 3 , 4 and 5 at room temperature are in the range 529−536 nm, while 2 displays a blue‐shifted emission band ( λ max = 512 nm) with a higher PL quantum efficiency ( Φ PL = 0.52) than those of complexes 1 and 3 − 5 ; this is attributed to a decrease of the intermolecular interactions. Multilayered organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated by using three ( 2 , 3 and 4 ) of these Ir III derivatives as dopant materials. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the devices, which have the maximum peaks at 509−522 nm, with shoulder peaks near 552 nm, are consistent with the PL spectra in solution at 298 K. The devices show operating voltages at 1 mA/cm 2 of 4.9, 5.6, 5.1, and 4.6 V for Ir(ppy) 3 , 2 , 3 , and 4 , respectively. In particular, the device with 2 shows a higher external quantum efficiency ( η ext = 11% at 1 mA/cm 2 ) and brightness (4543 cd/m 2 at 20 mA/cm 2 ) than Ir(ppy) 3 ( η ext = 6.0% at 1 mA/cm 2 ; 3156 cd/m 2 at 20 mA/cm 2 ) and other Ir(dmppy) 3 derivatives, (dmppy = dimethyl‐substituted ppy), under the same conditions. The methyl groups at the meta (Ph) and para (Py) positions to the Ir metal atom have a great influence on absorption, emission, redox potentials and electroluminescence. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Molecular Studies on Stress-Responsive Gene Expression in Arabidopsis and Improvement of Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants by Regulon Biotechnology (2005)

Molecular studies have shown that several genes with various functions are induced by environmental stresses such as drought, high-salinity and low temperature in plants. Most of the dehydration responsive genes are induced by the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA), but others are not. Expression analyses of dehydration-responsive genes have provided at least four independent regulatory systems (regulons) for gene expression in a model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The cis-acting elements in the promoters of some genes that have a typical stress-inducible expression profile and the transcription factors that affect the expression of these genes have been analyzed. Transcription factors that bind to a DRE/CRT (dehydration-responsive element / C-repeat) cis-acting element were isolated and termed DREB1/CBF (DRE-binding protein 1/ C-repeat binding factor) and DREB2 (DRE-binding protein 2). Overexpression of DREB1/CBF in transgenic Arabidopsis plants increased tolerance to freezing,drought and high salt concentrations. The DREB1/CBF genes have been successfully used to improve abiotic stress tolerance in a number of different crop plants. Studies on the other transcription factors associated with stress response are in progress. We collaborate with many research groups to improve stress tolerant crop plants utilizing regulon biotechnology. We hope the results of these collaborative studies will contribute to the sustainable food production in developing countries and help to prevent the global-scale environmental damage.
Compact Silicon Nitride Arrayed Waveguide Gratings for Very Near-Infrared Wavelengths (2014)

In this letter, we report a novel high-index-contrast silicon nitride arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) for very near-infrared wavelengths. This device is fabricated through a process compatible with a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor fabrication line and is therefore suitable for mass fabrication. The large phase errors that usually accompany high-index-platform AWGs are partly mitigated through design and fabrication adaptions, in particular the implementation of a two-level etch scheme. Multiple devices are reported, among which a 0.3-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> device which, after the subtraction of waveguides loss, has a -1.2 dB on-chip insertion loss at the peak of the central channel and 20-dB crosstalk for operation $\sim 900$ nm with a channel spacing of 2 nm. These AWGs pave the way for numerous large-scale on-chip applications pertaining to spectroscopy and sensing.
Phase I Trial of Recombinant Immunotoxin RFB4(dsFv)-PE38 (BL22) in Patients With B-Cell Malignancies (2005)

BL22 was well tolerated and highly effective in HCL, even after one cycle. Phase II testing is underway to define the efficacy with one cycle and to study safety when additional cycles are needed for optimal response.