gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Nasal Continues Positive Airway Pressure on Retention of Carbon Dioxide in Newborn (2012)

Objective
To investigate the influence of nasal continues positive airway pressure (nCPAP) on retention of carbon dioxide(CO2) in newborns.


Methods
From June to December 2009, a total of 46 newborns who had nCPAP treatment for 72 hours in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University were included in nCPAP group. Meanwhile, another 20 cases of neonates with jaundice were selected as control group. The artery blood gas was detected by STEPHAN CPCP-B just before nCPAP treatment and at 30 min, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h after nCPAP treatment in nCPAP group. The same method determined the artery blood gas in control group. The blood gas analysis results between nCPAP group before nCPAP treatment and control group, and between nCPAP group at different time slots and control group were analyzed by statistical methods. The procedure of this study was consistent with ethical standard which was established by the committee of investigation in human beings of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University. And it was approved by this committee. Guardians were informed of grouping and their written informed consent was obtained before clinical studies. There had no significance differences between two groups among gestational age at delivery, day age, and gender (P>0.05).


Results
There had significant difference between nCPAP group before nCPAP treatment and control group in pH value and partial pressure of oxygen in artery (PaO2)(P 0.05). The blood gas results of nCPAP group at different treatment time slots and control group showed that even using nCPAP in newborns with normal PaCO2 for 72 h, there were no signs of retention of CO2 (P>0.05).


Conclusions
Using nCPAP in newborn with normal PaCO2 for 72 h may not cause serous retention of CO2.


Key words: 
nasal continues positive airway pressure; carbon dioxide retension; newborn
Gangliosides of Human Cerebral Astrocytomas (1980)

Ganglioside content and composition were examined in a series of 25 human gliomas, which were graded histologically by the criteria of Kernohan. The concentration of total gangliosides (lipid-bound sialic acid [LBSA]) was decreased with respect to normal brain tissue in nearly all tumors, and the extent of reduction correlated with the stage of tumor anaplasia. The distribution of individual gangliosides was altered in glial tumor tissue with an increase in proportion of the structurally simple gangliosides and reduction of polysialogangliosides. The most consistent and significant difference was the elevation of proportion of ganglioside GD3 from 4-5% of total LBSA in normal brain to 20% in the astrocytoma grade IV. The proportions of gangliosides GM2 and GD2 were also found to be elevated in all grades of the tumors. The simplification of ganglioside composition seems to be associated with transformation of the astrocyte with the accumulation of the simpler gangliosides, since the changes resemble those reported with in vitro transformation rather than those of analyses of preparations of purified glial cells.
How Common Are True Aminopyridinato Complexes? (2007)

Abstract An overview over the binding situation in transition metal and lanthanide aminopyridinato complexes is given. True aminopyridinato complexes in which we observe a significant longer N‐amido than N‐pyridine bond length are rare and for instance observed for ruthenium. Additional examples of ruthenium aminopyridinato complexes were synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystal structure analysis.
Bactericidal Effects of High Airborne Ozone Concentrations on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (1998)

Abstract The bactericidal effects of high concentrations of airborne ozone were tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Petri dishes containing the microorganisms were inserted in a chamber and exposed for 10 - 480 seconds to ozone concentrations between 300 and 1500 ppm. Death rates in excess of 99.99% were achieved for both species. The mechanism of inactivation accorded with the predictions of first- and second-order kinetics, suggesting that the disinfection action of ozone in air parallels the action of ozone in water.
A unique antigen expressed on myeloid cells and acute leukemia blast cells defined by a monoclonal antibody. (1983)

A murine hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody, PM-81, was obtained from a fusion of cells of the NS-1 myeloma cell line with cells from a mouse immunized with the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line. This cytotoxic IgM monoclonal antibody was specific for myeloid cells. Employing indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, we determined that this antibody reacts strongly with normal human granulocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes but not lymphocytes (including phytohemagglutinin-activated lymphocytes), null cells, red blood cells, or platelets. Moreover, the PM-81 antibody reacts with leukemia cells from 19 of 22 patients with acute myelocytic leukemia of all FAB subclasses, three of three patients with common acute lymphocytic leukemia, four of four patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) in myeloid blast crisis (terminal transferase (TdT)-negative) but did not react with cells from two patients with CML in lymphoid blast crisis (TdT-positive) or five patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The myeloid cell lines HL-60, K562, KG-1, and U937 were all reactive with PM-81. The lymphoid lines CCRF-CEM and Daudi did not express PM-81 but HSB-2 was positive. The PM-81 antigen was absent on myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells as determined by their insusceptibility to complement-dependent lysis. In addition, only PM-81-unreactive cells were capable of colony formation. Furthermore, the PM-81 antibody does not appear to induce modulation of the antigen to which it binds. Thus, this monoclonal antibody appears to fulfill several criteria for clinical utility in the diagnosis and treatment of both acute myelocytic and acute lymphocytic leukemia.
A New Look at Platelet-Derived Growth Factor in Renal Disease (2007)

The PDGF system, comprising four isoforms (PDGF-A, -B, -C, and -D) and two receptor chains (PDGFR-α and -β), plays important roles in wound healing, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, and malignancy. Components of the system are expressed constitutively or inducibly in most renal cells. They regulate a multitude of pathophysiologic events, ranging from cell proliferation and migration to extracellular matrix accumulation, production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, tissue permeability, and regulation of hemodynamics. Genetic deletion of PDGF-B or PDGFR-β results in an absent glomerular mesangium, whereas PDGF-C and PDGFR-α contribute to the formation of the renal cortical interstitium. Almost all experimental and human renal diseases are characterized by altered expression of components of the PDGF system. Infusion or systemic overexpression of PDGF-B or -D induces prominent mesangioproliferative changes and renal fibrosis. Intervention studies identified PDGF-C as a mediator of renal interstitial fibrosis and PDGF-B and -D as key factors involved in mesangioproliferative disease and renal interstitial fibrosis. These data establish PDGF as one of the best characterized growth factors in renal disease and the most potent stimulus of mesangial cell proliferation currently identified. Accordingly, targeted intervention against the various PDGF isoforms offers a promising novel therapeutic approach to renal disease.
Yarrowia lipolytica (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: History, Phylogenetic Position, Basic Genetics, and Biochemistry Main Characteristics Historical Perspective on the Development of Studies Secretion of Proteins Production of Heterologous Proteins and Glycosylation Characteristics of the Y. lipolytica Genome Description of the Expression Platform Host Strains Selection Markers and Expression Signals Selection Markers The Expression Cassette Promoters Secretion Targeting Signals Shuttle Vectors for Heterologous Protein Expression Replicative Vectors Integrative Vectors Examples Transformation Methods Materials Preparation of Competent Cells Transformation Conclusions and Future Trends Acknowledgments Appendix References
Persistence of an antibiotic resistance plasmid in intestinal Escherichia coli of chickens in the absence of selective pressure (1987)

We studied eight strains of Escherichia coli resistant to high levels of trimethoprim that were isolated over a 6-week period in a commercial breeding flock of broilers. The strains originated from fecal samples and from a carcass immediately after slaughter. Seven of eight strains belonged to the same infrequent biotype. They were also resistant to ampicillin and streptomycin, and some were resistant to tetracycline and potassium tellurite. All the strains transferred trimethoprim and ampicillin resistance to E. coli. Analysis of the donors and of the transconjugants by agarose gel electrophoresis after digestion by restriction endonucleases and by nucleic acid hybridization indicated that resistance to trimethoprim (dfrI) and to ampicillin (bla TEM-1) was mediated by a 65-kilobase plasmid, pIP1531. Persistence of resistance to trimethoprim and ampicillin in this flock was therefore due to two cumulative factors, both occurring in the absence of selective pressure, namely the dissemination of a particular plasmid between strains and the ability of an atypical E. coli strain to stably colonize many animals.
Developmental Regulation of β-Conglycinin in Soybean Axes and Cotyledons (1987)

Analysis of the expression of genes encoding the beta-conglycinin seed storage proteins in soybean has been used to extend our understanding of developmental gene expression in plants. The alpha, alpha', and beta subunits of beta-conglycinin are encoded by a multigene family which is organ-specific in its expression. In this study we report the differentially programmed accumulation of the alpha, alpha', and beta subunits of beta-conglycinin. Multiple isomeric forms of each subunit are present in the dry seed, but the timing of their accumulation is unique for each subunit. The previously reported variation in amount of alpha' and alpha subunits in axis and cotyledons is also reflected in the amount of subunit specific mRNA which is present in each tissue. The beta subunit, previously undetected in soybean axes, is found to be synthesized but rapidly degraded. These differences in beta-conglycinin protein accumulation may be reflected by the morphological differences observed in protein bodies between these two tissues.
Modeling and schedulability analysis of single-arm multi-cluster tools with residency time constraints via Petri nets (2014)

This work investigates the challenging problem of scheduling single-arm multi-cluster tools with wafer residency time constraints. They have linear topology and their bottleneck tool is process-bound. This work aims to find an optimal one-wafer cyclic schedule. With a prior developed Petri net model and the minimal cycle time for a multi-cluster tool without wafer residency time constraints, it derives the necessary and sufficient schedulability conditions. Then, it gives an algorithm to find an optimal one-wafer cyclic schedule if schedulable. Such a schedule is found by simply setting the robots' waiting time for each tool. Thus, it is very efficient and can be used to solve practical problems. Examples are presented to illustrate the applications of the proposed methods.
The dynamic range of circulating tumor DNA in metastatic breast cancer (2014)

The dynamic range of ctDNA varies substantially in patients with metastatic breast cancer. This has important implications for the use of ctDNA as a predictive and prognostic biomarker.
Coexpression of CD25 and CD27 identifies FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in inflamed synovia (2005)

A better understanding of the role of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in disease pathogenesis should follow from the discovery of reliable markers capable of discriminating regulatory from activated T cells. We report that the CD4+CD25+ population in synovial fluid of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients comprises both regulatory and effector T cells that can be distinguished by expression of CD27. CD4+CD25+CD27+ cells expressed high amounts of FoxP3 (43% of them being FoxP3+), did not produce interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma, or tumor necrosis factor, and suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro, being, on a per cell basis, fourfold more potent than the corresponding peripheral blood population. In contrast, CD4+CD25+CD27- cells expressed low amounts of FoxP3, produced effector cytokines and did not suppress T cell proliferation. After in vitro activation and expansion, regulatory but not conventional T cells maintained high expression of CD27. IL-7 and IL-15 were found to be present in synovial fluid of JIA patients and, when added in vitro, abrogated the suppressive activity of regulatory T cells. Together, these results demonstrate that, when used in conjunction with CD25, CD27 is a useful marker to distinguish regulatory from effector T cells in inflamed tissues and suggest that at these sites IL-7 and IL-15 may interfere with regulatory T cell function.
Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials: Preparation, Properties and Uses (1997)

History definition physiological importance natural, nature-identical, and artificial products odor and structure volatility odor threshold concentration odor description single fragrance and flavor compounds aliphatic compounds acyclic terpenes cyclic terpenes other cycloaliphatic compounds aromatic compounds phenols and phenol derivatives O- and O,S- heterocycles N-and N,S-Heterocycles natural raw materials in the flavor and fragrance indistry isolation of natural fragrance flavor concentrates survey of natural raw materials quality control safety evaluation and regulation flavoring substances fragrance compounds literature.
A method to improve the robustness of MPEG video applications over wireless networks (2002)

It is important that applications deployed in wireless networks be robust enough to accommodate different kinds of data losses due to link errors, connection re-routing, and network congestion. A scheme to improve the robustness of MPEG based video applications is proposed. Under this scheme, the packet size at the sender is optimized to the MPEG system layer unit size to enable fast recovery of the time stamps. The receiver buffers the data packets for re-playing during packet losses, preserves useful time stamps for synchronisation, and re-synchronises the decoder when packet loss occurs. This involves no feedback and results in faster recovery of critical timing information for video decoding. The proposed method has been implemented on a video application based on MPEG-I over an ATM network. The experiments show that the proposed technique is very effective when there is deterministic/random packet losses with burst size less than 21. The method is equally applicable to video applications based on MPEG-II program stream and, to wireless Internet.
Solution Structure and Cell Selectivity of Piscidin 1 and Its Analogues, (2007)

Piscidin 1 (Pis-1) is a novel cytotoxic peptide with a cationic alpha-helical structure that was isolated from the mast cells of hybrid striped bass [Silphaduang, U., and Noga, E. J. (2001) Nature 414, 268-269]. Pis-1 is not selective for bacterial versus mammalian cells. In the present study, to develop novel antibiotic peptides with selectivity for bacterial cells, we examined the effect of substituting two glycine residues, Gly8 and Gly13, with Ala or Pro on this peptide's structure and biological activities. The bacterial cell selectivity of the peptides decreased in the following order: Gly-->Pro analogues > Gly-->Pro/Ala analogues > Pis-1 > Gly-->Ala analogues. The antimicrobial and hemolytic activities and abilities to permeabilize the model phospholipid membranes were higher for Pis-1 with Gly or Pro at position 8 than for its counterparts with either Gly or Pro at position 13. We determined the tertiary structure of Pis-1 and its analogues in the presence of SDS micelles by NMR spectroscopy. We found that Pis-1 has an alpha-helical structure from Phe2 to Thr21. Also, Pis-1 AA (Gly8, Gly13-->Ala8, Ala13) with higher antibacterial and hemolytic activity than Pis-1 has a stable alpha-helical structure from Phe2 to Thr21. Pis-1 PG (Gly-->Pro8) with bacterial cell selectivity has a hinge structure at Pro8, which provides flexibility in piscidin, followed by a three-turn helix from Val10 to Gly22 in the C-terminal region. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the conformational flexibility provided by introduction of a Pro at position 8, coupled with the primary anchoring of phenylalanines and histidines in the N-terminus to the cell membrane and the optimal length of the C-terminal amphipathic alpha-helix, are the critical factors that confer antibacterial activity and bacterial cell selectivity to Pis-1 PG. Pis-1 PG may be a good candidate for the development of a new drug with potent antibacterial activity but without cytotoxicity.
Synthesis and characterization of II-IV quantum dots and their assembly into 3D quantum dot superlattices (1995)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 1995.
Retrovirus vectors and their uses in molecular biology (1986)

Abstract Retroviral vectors utilize the biochemical processes unique to retroviruses, to transfer genes with high efficiency into a wide variety of cell types in tissue culture and in living animals. With such vectors, the effect of newly introduced genes and the mechanism of gene expression can be studied in cell types so far refractory to other methods of transfer.
iKP: a family of secure electronic payment protocols (1995)

This document outlines our model of the electronic payment and addresses the requirements of the parties involved -- including their legal/contractual obligations. After first introducing the key management architecture, the three protocols are presented and evaluated. 2.1 Model
An Image Understanding Environment for DARPA Supported Research and Applications, Second Annual Report (1992)

Abstract : This report presents the functional specifications and top-level constructs of the core design of an image understanding (IU) application development environment. The core environment presented in this report provides tools to leverage the development of IU applications and to facilitate transfer of IU and reasoning technology from its origins in research laboratories into IU applications. The core environment provides both a development platform and reusable components including a library of image processing and IU routines and data structures, and an integrated set of high-level reasoning capabilities such as bayesian networks and logic engines. The environment design is an object oriented structure built on the C+ + programming language. The report also addresses system engineering issues in applying the environment to develop workstations specialized for terrain analysis and medical applications. Vision environment, Image Understanding (IU), Computer Vision (CV), object oriented programming.
Identification by a multiplex PCR‐based assay ofSalmonellaTyphimurium andSalmonellaEnteritidis strains from environmental swabs of poultry houses (1999)

A multiplex-PCR-based assay (m-PCR) was developed for the detection of Salmonella and for the identification of the two serotypes Enteritidis and Typhimurium. Three sets of primers selected from different genomic sequences amplified a 429 bp fragment specific for the genus Salmonella within a randomly cloned sequence, a 559 bp target specific for Salmonella Typhimurium within the fliC gene and a 312 bp fragment specific for Salmonella Enteritidis within the sefA gene. The m-PCR-based assay was used for detecting Salmonella from 1078 environmental swabs of poultry houses. Prior to PCR, these swabs were pre-enriched in phosphate-buffered peptone water for 18-20 h and then sub-cultured on a Modified Semi-solid Rappaport Vassiliadis medium (MSRV) for 18-20 h. The m-PCR combined with MSRV had a better sensitivity (95%) than the bacteriological method (92.5%). The MSRV-m-PCR assay and the bacteriological method had an agreement rate of 95.6%.
marA locus causes decreased expression of OmpF porin in multiple-antibiotic-resistant (Mar) mutants of Escherichia coli (1988)

Mar (multiple antibiotic resistant) mutants of Escherichia coli express chromosomally mediated resistance to a variety of structurally unrelated hydrophilic and hydrophobic antibiotics. Insertion of transposon Tn5 into the marA locus at min 34.05 on the chromosome completely reverses the Mar phenotype (A. M. George and S. B. Levy, J. Bacteriol. 155:531-540, 1983). We found that among changes in the outer membrane of Mar mutants, porin OmpF was greatly reduced, although Mar mutants were more resistant than cells lacking only OmpF. Transduction of the marA region from a Mar strain, but not a wild-type strain, led to loss of OmpF. P1 transduction of marA::Tn5 into a Mar mutant partially restored OmpF levels. Therefore, OmpF reduction required a mutation in the marA region. Mar mutants of an ompF-lacZ operon fusion strain expressed 50 to 75% of the beta-galactosidase activity of the isogenic non-Mar parental strain, while Mar mutants of a protein fusion strain expressed less than 10% of the enzyme activity in the non-Mar strain. These changes were completely reversed by insertion of marA::Tn5. The responsiveness of OmpF-LacZ to osmolarity and temperature changes was similar in Mar and wild-type strains. Although some transcriptional control may have been present, OmpF reduction appeared to occur primarily by a posttranscriptional mechanism. The steady-state levels of ompF mRNA were twofold lower and the mRNA was five times less stable in the Mar mutant than in the wild-type strain. Expression of micF, which lowers ompF mRNA levels, was elevated in Mar strains, as revealed by a micF-lacZ fusion. Studies with strains deleted for the micF locus showed that the marA-dependent reduction of OmpF required an intact micF locus. Our findings suggest that the marA locus directly or indirectly increases micF expression, causing a posttranscriptional decrease in ompF mRNA and reduced amounts of OmpF.
Regulation of ppp(A2'p)nA-dependent RNase levels during interferon treatment and cell differentiation (1985)

The intracellular effector oligonucleotides ppp(A2'p)nA (n = 2- greater than or equal to 4) regulate the breakdown of RNA by activating ppp(A2'p)nA-dependent RNase. Cellular levels of this RNase were demonstrated to be regulated during differentiation of murine embryonal carcinoma cells. An induction of this RNase by interferon was demonstrated in each of three differentiated cell types (F9 clone 9, PYS, and PSA 5E) by analyzing rRNA breakdown following the introduction of ppp(A2'p)nA into the intact cells. In contrast, in three undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cell lines (F9, PC13 clone 5, and Nulli 2A) there was little if any ppp(A2'p)nA-dependent RNase either with or without interferon pretreatment. These results were confirmed by affinity labeling of the RNase in cell-free systems. Addition of the proteinase inhibitor, leupeptin, to the cell lysis buffer was necessary to stabilize the RNase against cleavage to discrete breakdown products. Moreover, during differentiation of PC13 clone 5 cells by retinoic acid and N6,O2'-dibutyryl-adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate there was a gradual induction of ppp(A2'p)nA-dependent RNase. The expression of this RNase is, therefore, greatly enhanced during cell differentiation. In addition, the double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase was investigated and was found to be interferon-inducible in all of the cell lines regardless of the state of cell differentiation.