gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
List Viterbi decoding algorithms with applications (1994)

A list Viterbi decoding algorithm (LVA) produces a rank ordered list of the L globally best candidates after a trellis search. The authors present two such algorithms, (i) a parallel LVA that simultaneously produces the L best candidates and (ii) a serial LVA that iteratively produces the k/sup th/ best candidate based on knowledge of the previously found k-1 best paths. The application of LVA to a concatenated communication system consisting of an inner convolutional code and an outer error detecting code is considered in detail. Analysis as well as simulation results show that significant improvement in error performance is obtained when the inner decoder, which is conventionally based on the Viterbi algorithm (VA), is replaced by the LVA. An improvement of up to 3 dB is obtained for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel due to an increase in the minimum Euclidean distance. Ever larger gains are obtained for the Rayleigh fading channel due to an increase in the time diversity. It is also shown that a 10% improvement in throughput is obtained along with significantly reduced probability of a decoding failure for a hybrid FEC/ARQ scheme with the inner code being a rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) code.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Physical Mapping of the Bovine Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Constant Region Gene Locus (2003)

Bovine antibodies have recently attracted increasing attention, as they have been shown to exhibit prophylactic and therapeutic properties in selected infectious diseases in humans. In the present study, we have isolated bacterial artificial chromosomes and cosmid clones containing the bovine JH, mu, delta, gamma 1, gamma 2, gamma 3, epsilon, and alpha genes, which allowed us to make a contig of the genes within the bovine IGHC locus. The genes are arranged in a 5'-JH-7 kb-mu-5 kb-delta-33 kb-gamma 3-20 kb-gamma 1-34 kb-gamma 2-20 kb-epsilon- 13 kb-alpha-3' order, spanning approximately 150 kb DNA. Examination of the bovine germline JH locus revealed six JH segments, two of which, JH1 and JH2, were shown to be functional although there was a strong preference for expression of the former. Sequence alignment of the bovine 5' E mu enhancer core region with those of other mammals, demonstrated an absence of the mu E3 motif and a shortened spacer between the mu A and mu B sites within the bovine E mu enhancer core region. Furthermore, the essential sequence element for class switching, switch mu, spanning approximately 3-kb repetitive sequence and abundant in the switch region motifs CTGGG (187 repeats) and CTGAG (127 repeats), was identified immediately upstream of the mu gene. A further sequence comparison revealed that the bovine IGHC genes display an extensive polymorphism leading to expression of multiple antibody allotypes.
Double-strand-break-induced homologous recombination in mammalian cells (2001)

In mammalian cells, the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occurs by both homologous and non-homologous mechanisms. Indirect evidence, including that from gene targeting and random integration experiments, had suggested that non-homologous mechanisms were significantly more frequent than homologous ones. However, more recent experiments indicate that homologous recombination is also a prominent DSB repair pathway. These experiments show that mammalian cells use homologous sequences located at multiple positions throughout the genome to repair a DSB. However, template preference appears to be biased, with the sister chromatid being preferred by 2-3 orders of magnitude over a homologous or heterologous chromosome. The outcome of homologous recombination in mammalian cells is predominantly gene conversion that is not associated with crossing-over. The preference for the sister chromatid and the bias against crossing-over seen in mitotic mammalian cells may have developed in order to reduce the potential for genome alterations that could occur when other homologous repair templates are utilized. In attempts to understand further the mechanism of homologous recombination, the proteins that promote this process are beginning to be identified. To date, four mammalian proteins have been demonstrated conclusively to be involved in DSB repair by homologous recombination: Rad54, XRCC2, XRCC3 and BRCA1. This paper summarizes results from a number of recent studies.
OCDM: a new multicode CDM radio transmission system based on cyclic modified M-sequences-performance evaluation using prototype (2003)

This paper presents the system configuration and the transmission performance of a new multicode CDM (code division multiplex) based high speed radio transmission prototype which can transmit 4.608 Mbps under AWGN and Rayleigh fading environment. The proposed multicode CDM transmission is based on a already proposed parallel transmission scheme using cyclic modified M-sequence CDM named as OCDM (orthogonal code division multiplex) and consists of a general-purpose RF unit, IF unit and baseband DSP (digital signal processing) unit. All the specified algorithm which realize the proposed transmitter and receiver is only programmed m the baseband unit. Moreover, the programmed algorithm consists of only a feedforward DSP configuration, and adopts a new code synchronization method and RAKE diversity technique. In this paper, moreover, the performance of the proposed system, in terms of the acquisition time and bit error rate (BER) has been evaluated under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), non-selective one path Rayleigh and double-spike Rayleigh fading channel by experimental measurement.
The yeast ribosomal protein L32 and its gene. (1987)

Ribosomal protein S7 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is encoded by two genes RPS7A and RPS7B. The sequence of each copy was determined; their coding regions differ in only 14 nucleotides, none of which leads to changes in the amino acid sequence. The predicted protein consists of 261 amino acids, making it the largest protein of the 40 S ribosomal subunit. It is highly basic near the NH2 terminus, as are most ribosomal proteins. Protein S7 is homologous to both human and rat ribosomal protein S4. RPS7A and RPS7B contain introns of 257 and 269 nucleotides, respectively, located 11 nucleotides beyond the initiator AUG. The splicing of the introns is efficient. Either RPS7A or RPS7B will support growth. However, deletion of both genes is lethal. RPS7A maps distal to CDC11 on chromosome X, and RPS7B maps distal to CUP1 on chromosome VIII.
Multicast routing in a datagram internetwork (1992)

Most local-area networks, as well as some other packet-switched networks, support multicast, the ability to address and deliver a packet to a set of destinations. Currently, when those networks are interconnected by routers or bridges to form an internetwork, the multicast service is either unavailable beyond a single network--as when using IP routers--or is offered in a way that significantly limits the scalability of the internetwork--as when using LAN bridges. To address those problems, we present a new service model for multicasting in a datagram (or connectionless) internetwork, and a set of new store-and-forward multicast routing algorithms to support that service model.
The multicast service model, which we call the Host Group Model, is a natural generalization of the unicast service model offered by datagram internetworks. Multicast packets are delivered to each member of a multicast group with the same best-efforts reliability and performance as unicast packets to that member. Multicast groups may be of arbitrary size, may change membership dynamically, and may have either global scope, that is, with members located anywhere in the internetwork, or local scope, with members confined to a particular administrative domain. Senders of multicast packets need not belong to the destination groups and need not know the membership of the groups.
The new multicast routing algorithms to support the Host Group Model take the form of extensions to the two unicast routing algorithms most commonly used in network-layer routers--the distance-vector algorithm and the link-state algorithm--and to the spanning-tree algorithm used by most datalink-layer bridges. In all cases, the delivery path of a multicast packet forms a tree, rooted at the sender, with copies of the packet being generated only at those points where the tree branches. The routing algorithms have low overhead, high performance, and scalability as good as, or better than, unicast routing. They may be used hierarchically, alone or in combination, to support multicasting across very large-scale internetworks.
Transport in sandstone: A study based on three dimensional microtomography (1996)

High resolution imaging of the microstructure of Fontainebleau sandstone allows a direct comparison between theoretical calculations and laboratory measurements. While porosity, pore‐volume‐to‐surface ratio, permeability, and end point relative permeability are well predicted by our calculations, we find that electrical resistivity and wetting phase residual saturation are both overestimated.
OspC facilitates Borrelia burgdorferi invasion of Ixodes scapularis salivary glands (2004)

Outer surface protein C (OspC) is a differentially expressed major surface lipoprotein of Borrelia burgdorferi. ospC is swiftly upregulated when spirochetes leave the Ixodes scapularis tick gut, migrate to the salivary gland, and exit the arthropod vector. Here we show that OspC strongly binds to the tick salivary gland, suggesting a role for OspC in spirochete adherence to this tissue. In vivo studies using a murine model of Lyme borreliosis showed that while OspC F(ab) 2 fragments did not influence either the viability of spirochetes or ospC gene expression, they did interfere with B. burgdorferi invasion of tick salivary glands. We then generated ospC knockout spirochetes in an infectious clone of B. burgdorferi and examined them within the vector. OspC-deficient or wild-type spirochetes persisted equally within the gut of unfed ticks and multiplied during the tick engorgement; however, unlike wild-type B. burgdorferi, the mutants were unable to invade salivary glands. Salivary gland colonization of OspC-deficient spirochetes was completely restored when this mutant was complemented in trans with a plasmid harboring the wild-type ospC gene. These studies conclusively demonstrate the importance of OspC in the invasion of tick salivary glands by B. burgdorferi, a critical step in the transmission of spirochetes from the arthropod vector to the mammalian host.
Cannabinoids Inhibit Cellular Respiration of Human Oral Cancer Cells (2010)

These results show the cannabinoids are potent inhibitors of Tu183 cellular respiration and are toxic to this highly malignant tumor.
Pyrylium Salts via Electrophilic Cyclization:  Applications for Novel 3-Arylisoquinoline Syntheses (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPyrylium Salts via Electrophilic Cyclization: Applications for Novel 3-Arylisoquinoline SynthesesJohn D. Tovar and Timothy M. SwagerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 17, 6499–6504Publication Date (Web):August 20, 1999Publication History Received17 May 1999Published online20 August 1999Published inissue 1 August 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo990810xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo990810xbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2393Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbon,Carbonyls,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Salts Get e-Alerts
Follicular Dendritic Cell Secreted Protein (FDC-SP) Regulates Germinal Center and Antibody Responses (2007)

We previously identified follicular dendritic cell secreted protein (FDC-SP), a small secreted protein of unknown function expressed in human tonsillar germinal centers (GC). To assess potential in vivo activities of FDC-SP, transgenic mice were generated to constitutively express FDC-SP in lymphoid tissues. FDC-SP transgenic mice show relatively normal development of immune cell populations, with the exception of a small increase in mature follicular B cells, and normal lymphoid tissue architecture. Upon immunization with a T-dependent Ag, FDC-SP transgenic mice were capable of producing an Ag-specific Ab; however, the titers of Ag-specific IgG2a and IgE were significantly reduced. GC responses after immunization were markedly diminished, with transgenic mice showing decreased numbers and sizes of GCs but normal development of follicular dendritic cell networks and normal positioning of GCs. FDC-SP transgenic mice also showed reduced production of Ag-specific IgG3 Ab after immunization with a type II T-independent Ag, suggesting that the FDC-SP can also regulate the induction of B cell responses outside the GC. Purified FDC-SP transgenic B cells function normally in vitro, with the exception of blunted chemotaxis responses to CXCL12 and CXCL13. FDC-SP can induce the chemotaxis of CD40-stimulated nontransgenic B cells and can significantly enhance B cell migration in combination with chemokines, indicating that FDC-SP may function in part by regulating B cell chemotaxis. These results provide the first evidence for immunomodulatory activities of FDC-SP and implicate this molecule as a regulator of B cell responses.
An Automated Video-Tape Editing System (1970)

A time code, found to be compatible with present video-tape, audio-cue systems at all tape handling speeds, is written once every second with a start pulse to identify every 1 s of information with a gated parity check. Once the signal has been decoded and channeled to the appropriate counter in forward or reverse, it may be read off the readout device. In the play mode, the counter reads off 1 s of information and preloads the counter before counting all following information from a division of the control track. The automatic search facility consists of a memory bank which is preloaded by a numeric keyboard. Shuttling is accomplished by an overload comparator which moves the machine past the desired point to the lower-count side, where the machine is put into play to run back up to the selected spot. There is also a comparator to give a relay closure on an exact tape count. This may be used to start another video- or audio-tape machine.
Epicutaneous immunization with myelin basic protein protects from the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (2007)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with limited treatment modalities. One of the experimental methods that protect from autoimmune diseases is oral tolerance. However, this method failed to show therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. In our previous work, we found that epicutaneous (ec) immunization with a protein antigen induces a state of profound immunosuppression that inhibits inflammatory response in contact sensitivity (CS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in B10.PL mice that develop chronic form of disease, and also delayed allogeneic skin graft rejection. In the current work, we showed that ec immunization with MBP protects from relapsing and remitting EAE. Protection from the disease correlated with decreased number of mononuclear cells isolated from CNS. Additionally, histological examination showed only a slight mononuclear cell infiltration in spinal cords of mice ec immunized with MBP when compared to positive control where animals were ec treated with PBS before disease induction.
Psammaplins from the Sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea: Inhibition of Both Histone Deacetylase and DNA Methyltransferase (2003)

Four novel bisulfide bromotyrosine derivatives, psammaplins E (9), F (10), G (11), and H (12), and two new bromotyrosine derivatives, psammaplins I (13) and J (14), were isolated from the sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea, along with known psammaplins A (4), B (6), C (7), and D (8) and bisaprasin (5). The structures of psammaplins E (9) and F (10), which each contain an oxalyl group rarely found in marine organisms, were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 4, 5, and 10 are potent histone deacetylase inhibitors and also show mild cytotoxicity. Furthermore, compounds 4, 5, and 11 are potent DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. The biogenetic pathway previously proposed for the psammaplins class is also revisited.
Independent regulation of plasma apolipoprotein C-II and C-III concentrations in very low density and high density lipoproteins: implications for the regulation of the catabolism of these lipoproteins. (1988)

Apolipoproteins C-II (apoC-II) and C-III (apoC-III) are distributed among all the major lipoprotein classes, particularly very low density (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). We have determined concentrations of apoC-II and apoC-III in VLDL and HDL in subjects with a wide range of VLDL triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels, and correlated these levels with fractional catabolic rates (FCR) of VLDL triglyceride and HDL apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). Both apoC-II and apoC-III levels increased in VLDL as VLDL apolipoprotein B (apoB) and triglyceride levels rose. The rate of rise of VLDL apoC-III, however, was approximately 3 times greater than that of apoC-II, and positive correlations were present between the ratio of VLDL apoC-III/apoC-II and both VLDL apoB (r = 0.59; P less than 0.01) and VLDL triglyceride (r = 0.70; P less than 0.005) levels. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the FCR for VLDL triglyceride was inversely related to the ratio of apoC-III/apoC-II in VLDL (r = -0.58; P less than 0.05), although this relationship was not significant in a multivariate analysis. In HDL, concentrations of apoC-III and apoA-I were correlated (r = 0.73; P less than 0.005) while no correlation was observed between apoC-II and apoA-I levels. Univariate analyses of HDL variables revealed inverse correlations between the concentration of apoC-III and the FCR for apoA-I (r = -0.67; P less than 0.005) and between the ratio of apoC-III/apoA-I and the FCR for apoA-I (r = -0.66; P less than 0.005). Multivariate analysis confirmed the latter relationship.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DNA-Mediated Homogeneous Binding Assays for Nucleic Acids and Proteins (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTDNA-Mediated Homogeneous Binding Assays for Nucleic Acids and ProteinsHongquan Zhang†, Feng Li‡, Brittany Dever‡, Xing-Fang Li†, and X. Chris Le*†‡View Author Information† Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3‡ Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2*E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: (780) 492-6416. Fax: (780) 492-7800.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 4, 2812–2841Publication Date (Web):December 11, 2012Publication History Received16 August 2012Published online11 December 2012Published inissue 10 April 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr300340phttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr300340preview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13074Altmetric-Citations539LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Assays,Fluorescence,Genetics,Peptides and proteins,Probes Get e-Alerts
Strength and Breaking Mechanism of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Under Tensile Load (2000)

The tensile strengths of individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were measured with a "nanostressing stage" located within a scanning electron microscope. The tensile-loading experiment was prepared and observed entirely within the microscope and was recorded on video. The MWCNTs broke in the outermost layer ("sword-in-sheath" failure), and the tensile strength of this layer ranged from 11 to 63 gigapascals for the set of 19 MWCNTs that were loaded. Analysis of the stress-strain curves for individual MWCNTs indicated that the Young's modulus E of the outermost layer varied from 270 to 950 gigapascals. Transmission electron microscopic examination of the broken nanotube fragments revealed a variety of structures, such as a nanotube ribbon, a wave pattern, and partial radial collapse.
Chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 expression are associated with perineural invasion of prostate cancer (2008)

CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 along with MMP-2 and MMP-9 are related with prostate cancer perineural invasion.
ChemInform Abstract: NOTES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF 4‐AMINO‐6,7‐DI‐SEC‐BUTOXYQUINOLINE, ‐6,7‐METHYLENEDIOXYQUINOLINE AND ITS N‐ALKYLAMINOACETYL DERIVATIVES (1983)

Abstract Ausgehend von den Diestern (I) werden über die angegebenen Stufen die N‐chloracetylierten Aminochinoline (VI) synthetisiert, von denen (VIa) mit entsprechenden Aminen (VII) zu den Aminoacetylderivaten (VIII) umgesetzt wird.
DataFall: A Policy-Driven Algorithm for Decentralized Placement and Reorganization of Replicated Data (2018)

We present DataFall, a simple yet effective policy-driven algorithm for decentralized placement and reorganization of replicated data. Without relying on a centralized location for data mapping, DataFall efficiently distributes data objects across storage devices using a mechanism built on multiple hash functions. When producing the data placement, policies can be enforced at object level in a flexible manner. In addition, with minimum data movement, DataFall is capable of accommodating a wide variety of changes such as topology massive upgrade and reorganization. The advantages of DataFall over the state-of-the-art are demonstrated through an experimental evaluation in a set of selected scenarios.
Prostatic cancer (1991)

This paper focuses on advances in prostatic cancer that occurred during the past year. Specific areas reviewed here are screening, radical surgery, locoregional disease, the no-therapy option, androgen-ablative therapy, prognostic factors, bone-specific therapy, hormone refractory disease, and prostate cancer biology.