gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site-specific mutations in vectors that express antigenic and temperature-sensitive phenotypes of the M gene of vesicular stomatitis virus (1988)

Full-length cDNA copies of mRNAs coding for the matrix (M) proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus and its mutant tsO23(III) were cloned in pBSM13- (BlueScribe). The authenticity of these clones was demonstrated by restriction enzyme mapping, DNA sequencing, and in vitro transcription and translation to identify the two M proteins by Western immunoblotting with epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies. Site-directed mutants were constructed by primer extension of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides with one or two nucleotide changes to alter the glycine at amino acid 21 of the wild-type (wt) M gene to glutamic acid, alanine, or proline. Similarly, a revertant was created in the M gene of mutant tsO23 by a Glu-21----Gly substitution. A series of wt- and mutant-M-gene chimeras was also constructed to create mutant and revertant clones with Leu----Phe and His----Tyr alterations at amino acids 111 and 227, respectively. We then moved the wt and tsO23 M genes and their site-specific mutants and chimeras cloned in pBSM13- into the eucaryotic expression vector pTF7 directed by the T7 bacteriophage RNA polymerase of the vaccinia virus recombinant vTF1-6,2. Western blot analysis of the M proteins transiently expressed in CV-1 cells by plasmids carrying M genes altered at amino acid 21 revealed that the critical antigenic determinant (epitope 1) is expressed only by the Gly-21 M protein and not by Glu-21, Ala-21, or Pro-21 M proteins. Of particular interest is an apparent conformational change, evidenced by slightly but significantly retarded electrophoretic migration, in plasmid-expressed M proteins with amino acids substituted for glycine at position 21. The glutamic acid at position 21 of tsO23 is not responsible for its temperature-sensitive phenotype, because a tsO23 revertant plasmid with glycine substituted at position 21 fails to rescue tsO23 virus in cells infected at the restrictive temperature; conversely, plasmids expressing wt M protein with substitutions of glutamic acid, alanine, or proline at position 21 are just as effective in marker rescue of tsO23 as is the Gly-21 wt M protein. Marker rescue experiments with wt- and mutant-M-gene chimeras support the hypothesis of K. Morita, R. Vanderoef, and J. Lenard (J. Virol. 61:256-263, 1987) that the temperature-sensitive phenotype of tsO23 is due to a phenylalanine substituted for leucine at amino acid 111, rather than the His-227----Tyr substitution or the Gly-21----Glu substitution, which independently accounts for the loss of epitope 1 in the mutant M protein of tsO23.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Radicals in Organic Synthesis (2001)

Over the past few years, radical chemistry has witnessed a rapid development, with the result, for example, that new methods for producing radicals now allow the targeted use of these reactive intermediate stages in organic synthesis. This two-volume work is an account of the progress being made. The first volume covers basic methodologies for successfully carrying out radical reactions, complete with a detailed discussion of the effectiveness and versatility of the individual methods. Further, the first volume also treats the characteristics of radicals, where such information is necessary for the successful planning of synthesis. The second volume concentrates on applications for radicals in synthesis. Of particular use to those working in research are the numerous comparisons to "classic" methods of synthesis, carefully collected from the editors' and authors' many years of experience in the field. The vast amount of information contained in this work makes it an essential reference for every organic chemist working in industry and academia.
Protein LG: a hybrid molecule with unique immunoglobulin binding properties. (1992)

Immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding bacterial proteins have attracted theoretical interest for their role in molecular host-parasite interactions, and they are widely used as tools in immunology, biochemistry, medicine, and biotechnology. Protein L of the anaerobic bacterial species Peptostreptococcus magnus binds Ig light chains, whereas streptococcal protein G has affinity for the constant (Fc) region of IgG. In this report, Ig binding parts of protein L and protein G were combined to form a hybrid molecule, protein LG, which was found to bind a large majority of intact human Igs as well as Fc and Fab fragments, and Ig light chains. Binding to Ig was specific, and the affinity constants of the reactions between protein LG and human IgG, IgGFc fragments, and kappa light chains, determined by Scatchard plots, were 5.9 x 10(9), 2.2 x 10(9), and 2.0 x 10(9) M-1, respectively. The binding properties of protein LG were more complete as compared with previously described Ig-binding proteins when also tested against mouse and rat Igs. This hybrid protein thus represents a powerful tool for the binding, detection, and purification of antibodies and antibody fragments.
Polysilicon oxidation self-aligned MOS (POSA MOS) — A new self-aligned double source/drain ion implantation technique for VLSI (1982)

A new MOS device named polysilicon oxidation self-aligned (POSA) MOS is proposed to enhance device performance for VLSI circuits. The device characteristics revealed significant improvement in hot-electron effects, short-channel effects and punch through voltage.
A new type of p16INK4/MTS1 gene transcript expressed in B-cell malignancies. (1995)

Chromosome band 9p21-22 is frequently altered by nonrandom abnormalities, mainly deletions, in hemopoietic malignancies of the lymphoid lineage. We have analysed a translocation t(9;14)(p21-p22;q11) in a B-cell type acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Location of the 14q11 breakpoint within the TCR-alpha/delta locus allowed the isolation of a fusion transcript composed of a 3' segment containing part of the constant region of the TCR-alpha gene and a 5' segment from chromosome 9, designated 0.18. This 0.18 segment was also part of cDNAs isolated from two tumoral B-cell lines (RPMI-8226, Raji). In both cases, 0.18 was juxtaposed 5' to a sequence corresponding to exons 2 and 3 of the p16INK4/MTS1 gene which is located on band 9p21-22. Unexpectedly, none of the two ATG codons found in 0.18 was in phase with that of the exons 2 and 3 of p16INK4/MTS1. Furthermore, in vitro translation product of a RPMI-8226 cDNA clone generated a product that was not immunoprecipitated by antibodies specific of the C-terminal end of the p16INK4/MTS1 protein. Evidence for similar transcripts in non tumoral lymphoid B cells (unstimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and lymphoblastoid cell lines) were obtained by using amplimers representative of the 0.18 segment and the p16INK4/MTS1 exon 2. Altogether, these data are consistent with the existence of a new type of p16INK4/MTS1 transcript whose significance is discussed.
Photosynthesis of CH4 at a TiO2 surface from gaseous H2O and CO2 (1995)

UV irradiation of the gas/solid interface of microcrystalline TiO2 in the presence of water and carbon dioxide in the gas phase at 343 K leads to photoreduction of carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane.
Early Spray Development in Gasoline Direct-Injected Spark Ignition Engines (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The characteristics of the early development of fuel sprays from pressure swirl atomizer injectors of the type used in direct injection gasoline engines is investigated. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was used to visualize the fuel distribution inside a firing optical engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The early spray development of three different injectors at three different fuel pressures (3, 5, and 7 MPa) was followed as a function of time in 30 μsec intervals. Four phases could be identified: 1) A &lt;i&gt;delay phase&lt;/i&gt; between the rising edge of the injection pulse and the first occurrence of fuel in the combustion chamber, 2) A &lt;i&gt;solid jet&lt;/i&gt; or pre-spray phase, in which a poorly atomized stream of liquid fuel during the first 150 μsec of the injection. 3) A &lt;i&gt;wide hollow cone&lt;/i&gt; phase, separation of the liquid jet into a hollow cone spray once sufficient tangential velocity has been established and 4) A &lt;i&gt;fully developed&lt;/i&gt; spray, in which the spray cone angle is narrowed due to a low pressure zone at the center.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The spray penetration, quality of atomization and the specific fuel distribution during the duration of injection (about 2 ms or 12 CAD) are functions of fuel delivery pressure as well as ambient pressure. The experiments are intended for future comparison with computational results, as well as for guidance in the the design of GDI combustion systems.&lt;/div&gt;
Delivery of apoptotic signal to rolling cancer cells: A novel biomimetic technique using immobilized TRAIL and E‐selectin (2008)

The survival rate for patients with metastases versus localized cancer is dramatically reduced, with most deaths being associated with the formation of secondary tumors. Circulating cancer cells interact with the endothelial lining of the vasculature via a series of adhesive interactions that facilitate tethering and firm adhesion of cancer cells in the initial steps of metastasis. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) holds promise as a tumor-specific cancer therapeutic, by inducing a death signal by apoptosis via the caspase pathway. In this study, we exploit this phenomenon to deliver a receptor-mediated apoptosis signal to leukemic cells adhesively rolling along a TRAIL and selectin-bearing surface. Results show that cancer cells exhibit selectin-mediated rolling in capillary flow chambers, and that the rolling velocities can be controlled by varying the selectin and selectin surface density and the applied shear stress. It was determined that a 1 h rolling exposure to a functionalized TRAIL and E-selectin surface was sufficient to kill 30% of captured cells compared to static conditions in which 4 h exposure was necessary to kill 30% of the cells. Thus, we conclude that rolling delivery is more effective than static exposure to a TRAIL immobilized surface. We have also verified that there is no significant effect of TRAIL on hematopoietic stem cells and other normal blood cells. This represents the first demonstration of a novel biomimetic method to capture metastatic cells from circulation and deliver an apoptotic signal.
A single-chip 306×244-pixel CMOS NTSC video camera (2002)

Recently, a technological alternative to CCD in the form of cameras using sensors built from standard CMOS processes has appeared, and we report here a further milestone. A single-chip NTSC video camera can be partitioned into analog (custom) and digital (cell-based) sections. The sensing heart of the device is an array of 306/spl times/244 photosensitive elements, each comprising a three-transistor active pixel based on a standard CMOS n +/p-well photodiode. Photocharge integrated in the pixel during exposure is read row-sequentially into a column structure that removes the systematic offset of each pixel by a read sequence with correlated double sampling.
Unified versioning through feature logic (1997)

Software configuration management (SCM) suffers from tight coupling between SCM version-ing models and the imposed SCM processes. In order to adapt SCM tools to SCM processes, rather than vice versa, we propose a unified versioning model, the version set model . Version sets denote versions, components, and configurations by feature terms , that is, Boolean terms over ( feature : value )-attributions. Through feature logic , we deduce consistency of abstract configurations as well as features of derived components and describe how features propagate in the SCM process; using feature implications , we integrate change-oriented and version-oriented SCM models. We have implemented the version set model in an SCM system called ICE, for Incremental Configuration Environment . ICE is based on a featured file system (FFS) , where version sets are accessed as virtual files and directories. Using the well-known C preprocessor (CPP) representation, users can view and edit multiple versions simultaneously, while only the differences between versions are stored. It turns out that all major SCM models can be realized and integrated efficiently on top of the FFS, demonstrating the flexible and unifying nature of the version set model.
Performance of a time- and wavelength-interleaved photonic sampler for analog-digital conversion (1999)

We experimentally demonstrate the sampling of microwave signals using a novel time- and wavelength-interleaved pulse train derived from a mode-locked fiber laser. Experimental results are presented indicating a modulator limited bandwidth of 18 GHz and a laser relative intensity noise limited effective number of bits of /spl sim/7 when tested for use in a hybrid photonic analog-digital converter architecture.
Opto-fluidic micro-ring resonator for sensitive label-free viral detection (2008)

We have demonstrated sensitive label-free virus detection using the opto-fluidic ring resonator (OFRR) sensor. The OFRR is a novel sensing platform that integrates the microfluidics and photonic sensing technology with a low detection limit and small volume. In our experiment, filamentous bacteriophage M13 was used as a safe model system. Virus samples were flowed through the OFRR whose surface was coated with M13-specific antibodies. We studied the sensor performance by monitoring in real-time the virus and antibody interaction. It is shown that OFRR can detect M13 with high specificity and sensitivity. The detection limit is approximately 2.3 x 10(3) pfu mL(-1) and the detection dynamic range spanned seven orders of magnitude. Theoretical analysis was also carried out to confirm the experimental results. Our study will lead to development of novel OFRR-based, sensitive, rapid, and low-cost micro total analysis devices for virus detection.
New Lead to Safer Marrow Transplants (1997)

Bone-marrow transplants have become a mainstay of medicine's battle against blood-cell cancers, such as leukemias and lymphomas, as well as against certain noncancerous blood diseases. But in at least half of all patients, the donor immune cells turn against the recipient's own tissues, triggering a deadly ailment called graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Now a team of doctors led by hematologist Claudio Bordignon at the San Raffaele Scientific Institute in Milan, Italy, may have found a solution to this problem.
hENT1 expression is predictive of gemcitabine outcome in pancreatic cancer: A systematic review (2014)

High human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1)-expression has shown a survival benefit in pancreatic cancer patients treated with gemcitabine in several studies. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the results and try to assess the predictive value of hENT1 for determining gemcitabine outcome in pancreatic cancer. Relevant articles were obtained from PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases. Studies evaluating hENT1-expression in pancreatic tumor cells from patients treated with gemcitabine were selected. Outcome measures were overall survival, disease-free survival (DFS), toxicity and response rate. The database searches identified 10 studies that met the eligibility criteria, and a total of 855 patients were included. Nine of 10 studies showed a statistically significant longer overall survival in univariate analyses in patients with high hENT1-expression compared to those with low expression. In the 7 studies that reported DFS as an outcome measure, 6 had statistically longer DFS in the high hENT1 groups. Both toxicity and response rate were reported in only 2 articles and it was therefore hard to draw any major conclusions. This review provides evidence that hENT1 is a predictive marker for pancreatic cancer patients treated with gemcitabine. Some limitations of the review have to be taken into consideration, the majority of the included studies had a retrospective design, and there was no standardized scoring protocol for hENT1-expression.
124Iodine: A Longer-Life Positron Emitter Isotope—New Opportunities in Molecular Imaging (2014)

(124)Iodine ((124)I) with its 4.2 d half-life is particularly attractive for in vivo detection and quantification of longer-term biological and physiological processes; the long half-life of (124)I is especially suited for prolonged time in vivo studies of high molecular weight compounds uptake. Numerous small molecules and larger compounds like proteins and antibodies have been successfully labeled with (124)I. Advances in radionuclide production allow the effective availability of sufficient quantities of (124)I on small biomedical cyclotrons for molecular imaging purposes. Radioiodination chemistry with (124)I relies on well-established radioiodine labeling methods, which consists mainly in nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions. The physical characteristics of (124)I permit taking advantages of the higher PET image quality. The availability of new molecules that may be targeted with (124)I represents one of the more interesting reasons for the attention in nuclear medicine. We aim to discuss all iodine radioisotopes application focusing on (124)I, which seems to be the most promising for its half-life, radiation emissions, and stability, allowing several applications in oncological and nononcological fields.
A low-voltage bulk-silicon tunneling-based microaccelerometer (2002)

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and testing of a low-driving-voltage (/spl les/10 V) bulk-silicon tunneling-based microaccelerometer. Using the bulk-silicon fabrication technology and boron etch-stop dissolved wafer process, one of the devices with an active area of 400/spl times/400 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ has been successfully fabricated, fully characterized, and electrostatically tested. The d.c. sensitivity is 1.66/spl times/10/sup 4/ ppm/g (133 mV/g) and the gain bandwidth is 2 kHz in air. The device provides a full scale range of -20 g to 10 g with a nonlinearity of 0.6%. The measured sensitivity variation is /spl plusmn/150 ppm per g (/spl ap/0.9%) over three weeks, which is primarily attributed to the change of tip characteristics and creep of microstructures over time. The temperature coefficient of offset (TCO) and temperature coefficient of sensitivity (TCS) are -600 ppm//spl deg/C and 1200 ppm//spl deg/C respectively.
Packed microcapillary columns in high performance liquid chromatography (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPacked microcapillary columns in high performance liquid chromatographyTakao. Tsuda and Milos. NovotnyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 2, 271–275Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50024a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50024a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views396Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genetic basis of blood group diversity (2004)

In the last 18 years the genes that encode all but one of the 29 blood group systems present on red blood cells (RBCs) have been identified. This body of knowledge has permitted the application of molecular techniques to characterize the common blood group antigens and to elucidate the background for some of the variant phenotypes. Just as the RBC was used as a model for the biochemical characterization of cell membranes, so the genes encoding blood groups provide a readily accessible model for the study of gene expression and diversity. The application of genotyping techniques to identify fetuses at risk of haemolytic disease of the newborn is now the standard of care, and the expansion of nucleic acid testing platforms to include both disease testing and blood typing in the blood centre is on the horizon. This review summarizes the molecular basis of blood groups and illustrates the mechanisms that generate diversity through specific examples.
IP Mobility Support for IPv4 (2002)

This document specifies protocol enhancements that allow transparent routing of IP datagrams to mobile nodes in the Internet. Each mobile node is always identified by its home address, regardless of its current point of attachment to the Internet. While situated away from its home, a mobile node is also associated with a care-of address, which provides information about its current point of attachment to the Internet. The protocol provides for registering the care-of address with a home agent. The home agent sends datagrams destined for the mobile node through a tunnel to the care- of address. After arriving at the end of the tunnel, each datagram is then delivered to the mobile node.
CD4-CD8+ T lymphocytes mediate AKR/gross murine leukemia virus nonresponsiveness in moderately aged AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b mice (1992)

Previously we reported that as AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b mice become older than 9 wk of age they begin to specifically lose the ability to generate anti-AKR/Gross murine leukemia virus (MuLV) CTL responses after immunization and in vitro restimulation with cells expressing AKR/Gross MuLV-encoded Ag. Interestingly, the frequency of virus-specific precursor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) observed in moderately-aged AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b mice was not substantially decreased from that found in their young responder counterparts. To further investigate the mechanism(s) responsible for the inability of moderately-aged AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b mice to mount AKR/Gross MuLV-specific CTL responses, adoptive transfer experiments were performed in the present study. Transferring splenocytes from moderately-aged AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b donors into young AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b recipients resulted in inhibition of AKR/Gross MuLV-specific CTL responsiveness. Anti-Thy-1.1 plus complement depletion of T cells from the donor cell population before adoptive transfer resulted in a near complete restoration of AKR/Gross MuLV responsiveness of young recipient AKR.H-2b:Fv-1b mice suggesting that the inhibition observed in moderately aged mice was mediated by T lymphocytes. Additional experiments using depletion of T subsets before cell transfer demonstrated that inhibition of AKR/Gross MuLV-specific CTL responsiveness was mediated by a CD4-CD8+ T lymphocyte.