gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time‐Controlled Microfluidic Seeding in nL‐Volume Droplets To Separate Nucleation and Growth Stages of Protein Crystallization (2006)

Sowing seeds: The growth of well-ordered protein crystals requires control of the two key stages of crystallization, namely, nucleation and growth. However, the ideal conditions for these two stages are often different. A microfluidic system (see picture) was used to perform time-controlled crystal seeding in nL volumes. Single crystals of the protein Oligoendopeptidase F were obtained and used to determine its X-ray crystal structure. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z602946_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The templated synthesis and structure determination by synchrotron microcrystal diffraction of the novel small pore magnesium aluminophosphate STA-2 † (1997)

A novel microporous aluminophosphate, STA-2, has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis in the presence of the rationally designed template, [(C7H13N)(CH2)4(NC7H13)]2+ and in the absence and presence of sodium ions. Using sodium ions in the preparation results in the synthesis of crystals of STA-2 up to 50 µm in dimension, of sufficient quality to be studied by the new technique of microcrystal diffraction at a synchrotron X-ray source and with an area detector. Phase STA-2 is found to have symmetry R, a = 12.726(2), c = 30.939(6) Å at 200 K. Structure solution reveals it to be a small pore solid of the family of structural polytypes made up by the stacking of six-membered Al3P3O6 rings, and possesses the most complex regular stacking sequence of any such structure known, which can be represented as ABAACACCBCBB in the usual convention. The stacking sequence is controlled by the size and shape of the templating molecule, the position of which, determined from the single-crystal diffraction, makes a close fit with the organic framework. Compound STA-2 is stable to thermal removal of the template molecule and has potential as a solid acid catalyst.
Effect of Cilostazol on Soluble Adhesion Molecules and Platelet-derived Microparticles in Patients with Diabetes (1998)

We evaluated the plasma concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules and platelet-derived microparticles (PMP) in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and studied the effect of cilostazol on PMP generation. There were differences in the levels of soluble adhesion molecules between NIDDM patients (N = 43) and the control subjects (N = 30) (soluble thrombomodulin: 11.5+/-5.3 vs. 7.0+/-1.2 TU/ml, p<0.0001; soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1: 708+/-203 vs. 492+/-113 ng/dl, p<0.0001; soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecules- 1: 274+/-65 vs. 206+/-48 ng/dl, p<0.0001; soluble P-selectin: 194+/-85 vs. 125+/-43 ng/dl, p<0.0001). There were also differences in the levels of PMP and platelet activation markers between NIDDM patients and the controls (PMP: 943+/-504 vs. 488+/-219/10(4) plt, p<0.0001; platelet CD62P: 9.2+/-4.6 vs. 4.4+/-4.3%, p<0.001; platelet CD63: 10.2+/-4.5 vs. 4.5+/-3.3%, p<0.0001; platelet annexin V: 9.1+/-3.9 vs. 5.3+/-3.8%, p<0.001). To study the release of PMP into plasma, a modified cone-and-plate viscometer was used. Increased release of PMP from platelets was observed in diabetic plasma compared to normal plasma under high shear stress conditions (2,672+/-645 vs. 1,498+/-386/10(4) plt, p<0.05). Therefore, one cause of PMP elevation in NIDDM may be high shear stress. The levels of PMP, activated platelets, and soluble adhesion molecules all decreased significantly after treatment with cilostazol. These results suggest that cilostazol may be useful for the inhibition of both PMP-dependent and -independent vascular damage in NIDDM.
TGFβ2-Induced Changes in Human Trabecular Meshwork: Implications for Intraocular Pressure (2005)

TGFbeta2 effects on IOP may be transduced by TGFbeta type-I receptor-mediated changes in TM secretion of ECM-related factors such as fibronectin and PAI-1. Modulation of TGFbeta2-induced changes in the ECM may provide a novel and viable approach to the management of glaucoma.
Expression of interleukin 8 and its receptors in human colon carcinoma cells with different metastatic potentials. (2001)

Our present data suggest an association between constitutive expression of IL-8 and aggressiveness in human colon carcinoma cells and the possible role of IL-8 in modulating different metastatic phenotypes associated with progression and metastasis.
Mechanisms of coronary angiogenesis in response to stretch: role of VEGF and TGF-β (2001)

To test the hypotheses that cyclic stretch of 1) cardiac myocytes produces factors that trigger angiogenic events in coronary microvascular endothelial cells (CMEC) and 2) CMEC enhances the expression of growth factors, cardiac myocytes and CMEC were subjected to cyclic stretch in a Flexercell Strain Unit. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) but not basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA and protein levels increased approximately twofold in myocytes after 1 h of stretch. CMEC DNA synthesis increased approximately twofold when conditioned medium from stretched myocytes or VEGF protein was added, and addition of VEGF neutralizing antibody blocked the increase. CMEC migration and tube formation increased with the addition of conditioned media but were markedly attenuated by VEGF neutralizing antibody. Myocyte transforming growth factor-beta [corrected] (TGF-beta) increased 2.5-fold after 1 h of stretch, and the addition of TGF-beta neutralizing antibodies inhibited the stretch-induced upregulation of VEGF. Stretch of CMEC increased VEGF mRNA in these cells (determined by Northern blot and RT-PCR) and increased the levels of VEGF protein (determined by ELISA analysis) in the conditioned media. Therefore, cyclic stretch of cardiac myocytes and CMEC appears to be an important primary stimulus for coronary angiogenesis through both paracrine and autocrine VEGF pathways. These data indicate that 1) CMEC DNA synthesis, migration, and tube formation are increased in response to VEGF secreted from stretched cardiac myocytes; 2) VEGF in CMEC subjected to stretch is upregulated and secreted; and 3) TGF-beta signaling may regulate VEGF expression in cardiac myocytes.
Prevalence, Tumorigenic Role, and Biochemical Implications of Rare BRAF Alterations (2013)

Rare BRAF variants were found in 1.6% of all thyroid malignancies, all clustered around the codon V600, in the binding pocket named A-loop, confirming its crucial role in the enzymatic activation of the B-Raf protein. These mutations were associated mainly with the activation of key effectors in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, but a simultaneous stimulation of the PI3k/Akt cascade was demonstrated in some cases. The rare BRAF variants were not generally associated with an aggressive behavior of the PTC. To our knowledge, this is the largest series of thyroid cancers analyzed to identify and functionally characterize rare BRAF variants.
Photonic Delay Systems as Machine Learning Implementations (2015)

Nonlinear photonic delay systems present interesting implementation platforms for machine learning models. They can be extremely fast, offer great degrees of parallelism and potentially consume far less power than digital processors. So far they have been successfully employed for signal processing using the Reservoir Computing paradigm. In this paper we show that their range of applicability can be greatly extended if we use gradient descent with backpropagation through time on a model of the system to optimize the input encoding of such systems. We perform physical experiments that demonstrate that the obtained input encodings work well in reality, and we show that optimized systems perform significantly better than the common Reservoir Computing approach. The results presented here demonstrate that common gradient descent techniques from machine learning may well be applicable on physical neuro-inspired analog computers.
Magnetic resonance imaging of periosteum with ultrashort TE pulse sequences (2003)

The periosteum can be visualized with ultrashort echo time pulse sequences in health and disease.
Interleukin-13 Displaying Retargeted Oncolytic Measles Virus Strains Have Significant Activity Against Gliomas With Improved Specificity (2008)

The majority of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors (80%) overexpress interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2), but there is no expression of IL-13Ralpha2 in normal brain. Vaccine strains of measles virus have significant antitumor activity against gliomas. We tested the hypothesis that measles virus entry could be retargeted via the IL-13Ralpha2. MV-GFP-H(AA)-IL-13 was generated from the Edmonston-NSe vaccine strain, by displaying human IL-13 at the C-terminus of the H protein, and introducing CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)-ablating mutations in H. The IL-13 retargeted virus showed significant cytopathic effect (CPE) against IL-13Ralpha2 overexpressing glioma lines, and lack of CPE/viral replication in normal human astrocytes and normal human fibroblasts not expressing IL-13Ralpha2. In vivo treatment of orthotopically implanted GBM12 xenografts demonstrated significant prolongation of survival in mice treated with the retargeted strain (P < 0.0001), and comparable activity between the IL-13R retargeted strain and MV-GFP (P = 0.6377). In contrast to MV-GFP-treated mice, administration of the retargeted strain in the central nervous system of measles replication-permissive Ifnar(ko) CD46 Ge mice resulted in lack of neurotoxicity. Strains of measles virus retargeted against the glioma-specific IL-13Ralpha2 receptor have comparable therapeutic efficacy, and improved specificity as compared with the unmodified measles virus strain MV-GFP in vitro and in vivo.
实施“10年稳定”经济纲要和发展土中经贸合作 (1999)

１９９１年１０月２７日土库曼人民获得独立。他们在全民公决中赞同建立独立主权国家土库曼斯坦，并从法律上肯定了土库曼斯坦的独立性和国家体制。由于获得独立，土库曼斯坦选择了自己本国的发展道路，建立了自己的国家体制、政治和经济，在建立崭新和公正社会的道路上，...
Picolinic acid as a matrix for laser mass spectrometry of nucleic acids and proteins (1994)

We found that picolinic acid is a very good matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry of oligonucleotides, proteins and tRNA. Among the oligonucleotides, picolinic acid was shown to be effective for homo-oligonucleotides, d(G)40 and d(C)60, and for mixed-base oligonucleotides up to 190 bases. In the case of the single-stranded oligonucleotides, and of double-stranded ones as well, only parent ions corresponding to single-stranded DNA were observed. The efficiency for MALDI of oligonucleotides using the picolinic acid matrix was superior to that using 3-hydroxypicolinic acid. MALDI of transfer RNA phenylalanine-specific (tRNA(Phe)), a 76-base ribonucleic acid, was detected with a signal-to-noise ratio of > 10. By comparison with 3-hydroxypicolinic acid the results with picolinic acid are notably superior for all oligonucleotides.
Interleukin-10 Improves Left Ventricular Function in Rats with Heart Failure Subsequent to Myocardial Infarction (2008)

Evidence has shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-alpha, are involved in the inflammatory response in the remodelling process after myocardial infarction (MI). Although IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to antagonize some of the deleterious effects of TNF-alpha, little is known about its role in post-MI left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a therapy with rhIL-10 could be beneficial in an animal model of post-MI heart failure (HF). Rats with experimental MI were treated with rhIL-10 (75 microg/kg/d sc) starting directly after MI induction, and continuing for 4 weeks. Controls were untreated MI and sham-operated rats. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization 4 weeks after MI induction. Membrane-bound and soluble fractions of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10, the ratio of TNF-alpha to IL-10, serum levels of MCP-1 as well as myocardial macrophage infiltration, were analyzed. Treatment with rhIL-10 significantly improved post-MI LV function (FS +127%;, dP/dt(max) +131%; LVEDP -36%). This effect was associated with a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels (TNF-alpha, IL-6, MCP-1) and furthermore resulted in a reduced myocardial infiltration of macrophages.
The Synaptonemal Complex Protein SCP3 Can Form Multistranded, Cross-striated Fibers In Vivo (1998)

The synaptonemal complex protein SCP3 is part of the lateral element of the synaptonemal complex, a meiosis-specific protein structure essential for synapsis of homologous chromosomes. We have investigated the fiber-forming properties of SCP3 to elucidate its role in the synaptonemal complex. By synthesis of SCP3 in cultured somatic cells, it has been shown that SCP3 can self-assemble into thick fibers and that this process requires the COOH-terminal coiled coil domain of SCP3, as well as the NH2-terminal nonhelical domain. We have further analyzed the thick SCP3 fibers by transmission electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. We found that the fibers display a transversal striation with a periodicity of approximately 20 nm and consist of a large number of closely associated, thin fibers, 5-10 nm in diameter. These features suggest that the SCP3 fibers are structurally related to intermediate filaments. It is known that in some species the lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex show a highly ordered striated structure resembling that of the SCP3 fibers. We propose that SCP3 fibers constitute the core of the lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex and function as a molecular framework to which other proteins attach, regulating DNA binding to the chromatid axis, sister chromatid cohesion, synapsis, and recombination.
Electrochemical Investigation of the Effect of pH and Solvent on Amitraz Stability (2006)

The widespread use of the pesticide amitraz for pest control of crops, livestock and honeybees has warranted several studies aimed at understanding the degradation of this compound during storage and use. In particular the degradation of amitraz and the nature of the toxicologically significant intermediates formed owing to pH and solvent type has been examined. In this study we report on the use of electrochemical methods to monitor amitraz degradation and to identify the major intermediates formed. While this study examines the use of rapid voltammetric methods for such analyses, it also resolves earlier studies showing the rapid degradation of amitraz to 2,4-dimethylaniline without formation of intermediates first, and also suggests that the degradation of amitraz to 2,4-dimethylphenylformamide and to 2,4-dimethylaniline is more rapid than previously observed at pH above 3. These studies also showed that amitraz degrades to dimethylphenylformamide in ethanol and methanol, and is stable in both acetonitrile and dimethylsulphoxide.
2. Assembly of Alternating Polyelectrolyte and Protein Multilayer Films for Immunosensing (1997)

Alternating polyelectrolyte films constructed by the sequential adsorption of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) have been used as substrates for the immobilization of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-IgG. Anti-IgG has also been immobilized in multilayer films by the alternate deposition of PSS and anti-IgG. The assembly process of the multilayer films was monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Film growth was achieved up to at least nine (5 anti-IgG and 4 PSS) layers. The utility of these films for immunosensing has been investigated via their subsequent interaction with IgG. The alternating polyelectrolyte/protein layers were constructed in order to increase the binding layer capacity (i.e. sensitivity) of the thin film with respect to IgG detection. The sensitivity, determined using IgG mass uptake data from quartz crystal microgravimetry, was found to be linearly dependent on the number of anti-IgG layers (and hence the amount of IgG incorporated) in the polyelectrolyte film when the anti-IgG layers are separated by one PSS layer. In contrast, for films where anti-IgG layers are separated by five polyelectrolyte (PSS(PAH/PSS)2) layers, only the outer anti-IgG layer is immunologically active. This is attributed to the formation of a dense polyelectrolyte film through which antibody permeation is restricted. The films evaluated have promise in that the sensitivity can be tuned by fabricating the desired number of protein layers, whilst the selectivity can be modified by selecting the desired biospecific biomolecule.
Isolation of two E-box binding factors that interact with the rat tyrosine hydroxylase enhancer (1994)

The enhancer of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase gene (TH) in PC8b cells is composed of the AP1 motif (TCATTCA, -205 to -199) and an overlapping 20-base pair dyad symmetry element (TCAGAGGCAGGTGCCTGTGA, -201 to -182) whose core is an E-box. We have isolated two partial cDNA clones that encode factors which bind the TH-dyad. One is rITF2 with a basic helix-loop-helix motif and the other is CDP2 with a homeodomain. rITF2 is a rat homolog of human ITF2 (or E2-2), and CDP2 is a member of a new family of homeoproteins defined by histidine as the 9th residue of the recognition helix and by unique 64 amino acid repeats related to those of the Drosophila cut gene. The binding affinity of CDP2 alone is relatively weak, but it enhances the binding of rITF2 to the TH-dyad. In transfected F9 cells, activation of a TH-driven reporter requires both rITF2 and CDP2, suggesting that the proteins may functionally interact. However, rITF2 and CDP2 are not restricted to TH-expressing tissues; hence they may not be involved in the tissue-specific expression of TH. In addition, CDP2 is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo.
Use of the monoclonal antibody WR17, identifying the CD37 gp40–45 Kd antigen complex, in the diagnosis of B‐lymphoid malignancy (1987)

The distribution of the gp40-45 Kd antigen bound by the WR17 monoclonal antibody of IgG2 subclass in normal lymphoid tissue was characterized by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining with flow cytometric analysis. The predominant staining pattern observed was characteristic of an anti-pan-B-lymphocyte reagent. Weak reactions were observed by immunofluorescence staining of viable cell suspensions with all neutrophils and T-lymphocytes in some normal donors. In tissue sections, B-lymphocytes were stained and no cross reactions were observed with T-lymphocytes, although macrophages stained in some sections. A range of T- and B-cell malignancies were stained with WR17 and the reactivity compared to that observed with other monoclonal antibodies in the CD19, CD21 and CD22 clusters. All B-non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, B-chronic lymphocytic, prolymphocytic and hairy cell leukaemia cells examined were stained by WR17 in indirect immunofluorescence assays, whilst the T-cell tumours were negative. The same pattern was observed in cryostat sections of malignant tissue and in addition some tissue macrophages expressed the CD37 antigen cytoplasmically. Intra-tumour heterogeneity of staining was observed with all the monoclonal antibodies tested, although overall WR17 consistently stained B-cell tumours even when expression of the CD19 pan-B-lymphocyte antigen could not be detected with some monoclonals. Monoclonal antibodies, such as WR17, within the CD37 cluster and binding to the gp 40-45 Kd molecule, bind to mature B-lymphocytes and identify the majority of B-cell malignancies.
Overview of the EVS codec architecture (2015)

The recently standardized 3GPP codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) offers new features and improvements for low-delay real-time communication systems. Based on a novel, switched low-delay speech/audio codec, the EVS codec contains various tools for better compression efficiency and higher quality for clean/noisy speech, mixed content and music, including support for wideband, super-wideband and full-band content. The EVS codec operates in a broad range of bitrates, is highly robust against packet loss and provides an AMR-WB interoperable mode for compatibility with existing systems. This paper gives an overview of the underlying architecture as well as the novel technologies in the EVS codec and presents listening test results showing the performance of the new codec in terms of compression and speech/audio quality.
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for exudative age related macular degeneration (2003)

Intravitreal injection of 25 mg of crystalline triamcinolone acetonide merits further study for the treatment of exudative age related macular degeneration.
How nanorough is rough enough to make a surface superhydrophobic during water condensation? (2012)

Nanostructured surfaces which manifest superhydrophobic properties during water condensation have a potential to dramatically enhance energy efficiency in power generation and desalination systems. Although various such surfaces have been reported, their development has been fortuitous, not driven by an understanding of the underlying physical processes. In this work, we perform a comprehensive study of microscale water condensation dynamics on nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces made using a variety of synthetic methods. We demonstrate that the growth mechanism of individual water microdroplets on these surfaces is universal and independent of the surface architecture. The key role of the nanoscale topography is confinement of the base area of forming droplets, which allows droplets to grow only through contact angle increase. The nearly spherical droplets formed in this fashion become highly mobile after coalescence. By comparing experimentally observed drop growth with interface free energy calculations, we show that the minimum observed confined microdroplet base diameter depends directly on the nanoscale surface roughness and degree of interfacial wetting. Specifically, we show that the microscale condensation mechanism depends on the height of a liquid film with volume equal to the fill volume between the nanostructures. This introduced roughness length scale is a universal metric that allows for facile comparison of arbitrarily complex surface architectures. We use this new fundamental insight to develop quantitative design guidelines for superhydrophobic surfaces intended for condensation applications.
An introduction to Trellis/Owl (1986)

Trellis/Owl is an object-based language incorporating a type hierarchy with multiple inheritance and compile-time type checking. The combination of features in the language facilitates the design, implementation, and evolution of large computer programs. This paper provides an brief introduction to the Trellis/Owl language. It discusses the basic elements of the language, objects, and shows how these are specified and implemented using types, operations, and components . The notion of a type hierarchy is introduced by a discussion of subtyping and inheritance . Other elements of the Trellis/Owl language such as type generators, iterators, and exceptions are briefly presented.
Adiponectin Cardioprotection After Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Involves the Reduction of Oxidative/Nitrative Stress (2007)

The present study demonstrates that adiponectin is a natural molecule that protects hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibition of iNOS and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase protein expression and resultant oxidative/nitrative stress.