gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of primitive human multipotent hematopoietic progenitors into single lineage clonogenic progenitors is accompanied by alterations in their interaction with fibronectin. (1991)

We have previously demonstrated that primitive progenitors from human bone marrow termed long term bone marrow culture initiating cells (LTBMC-IC) adhere avidly to irradiated bone marrow stroma, while more mature clonogenic progenitors fail to do so. In this study we examine the interaction between these progenitors and components of the bone marrow stroma. (a) We demonstrate that both primitive LTBMC-IC and more mature clonogenic progenitors adhere to intact fibronectin. (b) Primitive LTBMC-IC and multi-lineage CFU-MIX progenitors adhere to the 33/66 kD COOH-terminal heparin-binding cell-adhesion promoting fragment of fibronectin, but adhere significantly less to its 75 kD RGDS-dependent cell-binding fragment. In contrast, more differentiated single-lineage progenitors adhere equally well to the 33/66 kD RGDS independent and the 75 kD RGDS-dependent cell-adhesion fragments of fibronectin. (c) Both primitive LTBMC-IC and clonogenic progenitors adhere to the three known cell-attachment sites in the 33/66 kD cell-adhesion promoting fragment, FN-C/H I, FN-C/H II and CS1. However, LTBMC-IC and CFU-MIX progenitors adhere significantly better to FN-C/H II than to the flanking FN-C/H I and CS1 cell-attachment sites. In contrast, single-lineage progenitors adhere equally well to all three cell attachment sites in the 33/66 kD cell-adhesion promoting fragment. (d) Finally, adhesion of primitive LTBMC-IC to intact irradiated stroma can be inhibited partially by peptide FN-C/H II and almost completely by a combination of FN-C/H II and peptide FN-C/H I and CS1. This study demonstrates that adhesive interactions between primitive hematopoietic progenitors and the extracellular matrix component fibronectin can occur. Specific changes in adhesion to the 33/66 kD cell-adhesion promoting fragment and the 75 kD RGDS-dependent cell-adhesion fragment of fibronectin are associated with differentiation of primitive multi-lineage progenitors into committed single-lineage progenitors. Such differences in adhesive interaction with fibronectin may allow hematopoietic progenitors at various stages of differentiation to interact with specific supportive loci of the bone marrow microenvironment. Finally, the ability to block adhesion of LTBMC-IC to intact irradiated stroma with peptides FN-C/H II, FN-C/H I and CS1 suggests that receptors responsible for this interaction may be important in the homing of primitive progenitors to the bone marrow.
Radioprotection of the Brain White Matter by Mn(III) N -Butoxyethylpyridylporphyrin–Based Superoxide Dismutase Mimic MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (2014)

Cranial irradiation is a standard therapy for primary and metastatic brain tumors. A major drawback of radiotherapy (RT), however, is long-term cognitive loss that affects quality of life. Radiation-induced oxidative stress in normal brain tissue is thought to contribute to cognitive decline. We evaluated the effectiveness of a novel mimic of superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD), MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+)(Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin), to provide long-term neuroprotection following 8 Gy of whole brain irradiation. Long-term RT damage can only be assessed by brain imaging and neurocognitive studies. C57BL/6J mice were treated with MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+) before and after RT and evaluated three months later. At this time point, drug concentration in the brain was 25 nmol/L. Mice treated with MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+)/RT exhibited MRI evidence for myelin preservation in the corpus callosum compared with saline/RT treatment. Corpus callosum histology demonstrated a significant loss of axons in the saline/RT group that was rescued in the MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+)/RT group. In addition, the saline/RT groups exhibited deficits in motor proficiency as assessed by the rotorod test and running wheel tests. These deficits were ameliorated in groups treated with MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+)/RT. Our data demonstrate that MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+) is neuroprotective for oxidative stress damage caused by radiation exposure. In addition, glioblastoma cells were not protected by MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+) combination with radiation in vitro. Likewise, the combination of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+) with radiation inhibited tumor growth more than RT alone in flank tumors. In summary, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+) has dual activity as a neuroprotector and a tumor radiosensitizer. Thus, it is an attractive candidate for adjuvant therapy with RT in future studies with patients with brain cancer.
Developmental mechanisms underlying pathology of arteries (1990)

This review tries to provide a general, and very speculative, view of growth control mechanisms that may be common to the development of blood vessels and to pathological processes including cell proliferation. From a developmental point of view, vascular growth is most likely to include local autocrine or paracrine mechanisms that permit the two cells of the vessel wall to grow, organize into the characteristic tubular and layered structures of the vessel wall, and eventually achieve a return to quiescence. The "real" mechanisms controlling growth in vivo are difficult to ascertain from studies in culture. For example, a large list of angiogenesis molecules must be able to generate endothelial replication, but in culture many of these molecules are inhibitory for each endothelial replication. Similarly, in culture, we have a long list of smooth muscle mitogens, but none of these have as of yet been proven to control smooth muscle growth in vivo. Endothelial growth control has been attributed to the presence of membrane molecules able to inhibit endothelial replication and to the actions of soluble growth factors and their receptors. Unfortunately for the former hypothesis we still lack specific molecules with the properties of contact inhibition of replication. The data discussed here, however, suggest that modulation of expression or function of cell-cell adhesive molecules could be critical both to morphogenic changes and to mitogenesis by release of cells from cell-cell contact. Moreover, our data and data from other laboratories suggest that angiogenic factors, including the HBGFs and TGF-beta, may function in angiogenesis by altering cell-cell and cell-cell substrate interactions rather than via a primary effect on cell replication. This view of angiogenesis is consistent with the absence of a mitogenic effect of some angiogenic factors. Although endothelial cell replication is obviously necessary to angiogenesis, the lack of mitogenic effect of some factors suggests a need for a more general explanation of the actions of angiogenic factors. Endothelial injury may be interrelated with smooth muscle growth. The simplest possibility is that a failure of the endothelial cell barrier function, due either to denudation or an increase in adhesivity for leukocytes, would permit access of platelets or leukocytes to the vessel wall. These extrinsic cells, in turn, would stimulate smooth muscle cell replication by release of growth factors. The second possibility is that the endothelial cell may itself release growth factors into the vessel wall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
[13N]cisplatin PET to assess pharmacokinetics of intra-arterial versus intravenous chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors. (1987)

The biodistribution, blood clearance, and in vivo transformation of cisplatin (cisdiaminedichloroplatinum, DDP) were studied in rats using 13N-labeled and unlabeled DDP. Following the i.v. injection of [13N]DDP, virtually no 13N activity was detected in brain tissue, and no measurable amount of the 13N label was displaced from [13N]DDP. Based on these results, [13N]DDP/positron emission tomographic (PET) scans were performed in two glioblastoma patients undergoing Phase II intra-arterial (i.a.) DDP chemotherapy: [13N]DDP was infused i.v. over 13-15 min, during which time serial PET scans were obtained. One hour later, [13N]DDP mixed with cold DDP (100 mg/m2 therapeutic dose) was infused at the same rate i.a., and a second sequence of PET scans was acquired. The pharmacologic advantage of i.a. administration was calculated as the ratio of integrated tumor/brain count ratios for the i.a. and i.v. studies. Our preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying the pharmacologic advantage of i.a. DDP chemotherapy in individual brain tumor patients using [13N]DDP and PET.
Image compression using the spatial-orientation tree (2002)

The zero-tree method for image compression, proposed by J. Shapiro (1992), is studied. The method is presented in a more general perspective, so that its characteristics can be better understood. From this analysis, an improved method is proposed, and it is shown that the new method can increase the PSNR up to 1.3 dB over the original method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Amyloid β-Peptide Possesses a Transforming Growth Factor-β Activity (1998)

Amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) of 39-42 amino acid residues is a major constituent of Alzheimer's disease neurite plaques. Abeta aggregates (fibrils) are believed to be responsible for neuronal damage and dysfunction, as well as microglia and astrocyte activation in disease lesions by multiple mechanisms. Since Abeta aggregates possess the multiple valencies of an FAED motif (20th to 23rd amino acid residues), which resembles the putative transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) active site motif, we hypothesize that Abeta monomers and Abeta aggregates may function as TGF-beta antagonists and partial agonists, analogous to previously described monovalent and multivalent TGF-beta peptide antagonists and agonists (Huang, S. S., Liu, Q., Johnson, F. E., Konish, Y., and Huang, J. S. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 27155-27159). Here, we report that the Abeta monomer, Abeta-(1-40) and its fragment, containing the motif inhibit radiolabeled TGF-beta binding to cell-surface TGF-beta receptors in mink lung epithelial cells (Mv1Lu cells). Abeta-(1-40)-bovine serum albumin conjugate (Abeta-(1-40)-BSA), a multivalent synthetic analogue of Abeta aggregates, exhibited cytotoxicity toward bovine cerebral endothelial cells and rat post-mitotic differentiated hippocampal neuronal cells (H19-7 cells) and inhibitory activities of radiolabeled TGF-beta binding to TGF-beta receptors and TGF-beta-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression, that were approximately 100-670 times more potent than those of Abeta-(1-40) monomers. At less than micromolar concentrations, Abeta-(1-40)-BSA but not Abeta-(1-40) monomers inhibited proliferation of Mv1Lu cells. Since TGF-beta is an organizer of responses to neurodegeneration and is also found in neurite plaques, the TGF-beta antagonist and partial agonist activities of Abeta monomers and aggregates may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Nucleic acid and peptide aptamers : methods and protocols (2009)

After the deciphering of the human genome and the genomes of many other organisms, the investigation of the function of gene products and their orchestral interplay is now one of the most important challenges in the life sciences. In Nucleic Acid and Peptide Aptamers: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers contribute state-of-the-art methods focused on these two vital molecule types which are so often employed for in vitro selection procedures. Divided conveniently into two distinct parts beginning with nucleic acid aptamers and ending with peptide aptamers, the volume provides methodologies for the isolation, characterization, and application of both types. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, all chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and Notes sections, which highlight tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and easy to use, Nucleic Acid and Peptide Aptamers: Methods and Protocols will provide researchers with an inspiring and helpful guide to the application of these compounds to their own distinct research issues
Integrated Blocker Filtering RF Front Ends (2007)

This paper presents integrated blocker filtering RF front-ends (BF-RF). In wireless cellular systems the blockers are from either self transmitters, such as WCDMA or form the other users' transmitters such as GSM. The proposed blocker filtering deploys the concept of blocker injection through feedforward or feedback paths to create arbitrary narrowband notches for the out-of-band blockers, while not affecting the gain of the desired signal. The BF-RF obviates the use of the off-chip SAW filters. Fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS technology the prototype achieves a 50dB of signal to blocker ratio. The receiver path draws 24 from a 1.8V voltage supply, and the blocker filtering path adds on average only 2 mAto the total power consumption. The die area is 1.5×1.2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
A phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating single subcutaneous administrations of a human interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody in subjects with plaque psoriasis (2007)

A single s.c. administration of IL-12/23 mAb was well tolerated and showed clinical response in subjects with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.
High-performance and compact binary blazed grating coupler based on an asymmetric subgrating structure and vertical coupling (2011)

A high-performance and compact fiber-to-waveguide binary blazed subwavelength grating coupler was designed based on silicon-on-insulator. By the appropriate choice of waveguide/grating parameters, including thicknesses, periods, height, and fill factor, to optimize the mode matching, a relatively high coupling efficiency was obtained for the fiber and waveguide interface. Moreover, perfectly vertical fiber coupling is achieved by using an asymmetric subgrating structure in which a period consists of two subgratings with identical etching height and different widths. Coupling efficiency as high as 69% at a wavelength of 1.52 μm and 65% at a wavelength of 1.55 μm is calculated. Simultaneously, the 1 dB wavelength bandwidth is around 80 nm. The coupling efficiency can reach up to 80% or so if Bragg reflector layers are added. Finally, the device layout is simple, feasible, one-step etched, and compatible with standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology processing.
The Antitumor and Antiangiogenic Activity of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition Is Potentiated by ErbB1 Blockade (2005)

We have shown that activation of ErbB1 triggers a plethora of effects, including direct effects on tumor and endothelial cells and indirect effects mediated via induction of VEGF release. Simultaneous blockade of ErbB1 and VEGFR pathways results in a cooperative antitumor effect, indicating that this combination may represent a valid therapeutic strategy.
HAART reduces death ligand but not death receptors in lymphoid tissue of HIV-infected patients and simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques (2008)

These findings suggest that HAART or ART is ineffective in reducing the expression of apoptotic death receptors in lymphoid tissue. However, analysis limited to blood leukocytes may not reveal such a defect. Our results highlight the persistence of an underlying immunologic condition that may prevent therapy-induced restoration of CD4 T cells in lymphoid tissue.
Fluorinated DNA Bases as Probes of Electrostatic Effects in DNA Base Stacking (2003)

Stacking the deck: A series of aromatic fluorinated nucleosides (the electrostatic surface potentials are depicted) was used to probe electrostatic effects in the stacking of DNA bases in water. Although increasing fluorine substitution (from zero through five) generally increases stacking ability, a new tetrafluorinated analogue is, surprisingly, the strongest helix stabilizer, while the pentafluorinated base is the weakest.
Deuterium Isotope Effects on Hydrophobic Interactions:  The Importance of Dispersion Interactions in the Hydrophobic Phase (2003)

Hydrogen/deuterium isotope effects on hydrophobic binding were examined by means of reversed-phase chromatographic separation of protiated and deuterated isotopologue pairs for a set of 10 nonpolar and low-polarity compounds with 10 stationary phases having alkyl and aryl groups bonded to the silica surface. It was found that protiated compounds bind to nonpolar moieties attached to silica more strongly than deuterated ones, demonstrating that the CH/CD bonds of the solutes are weakened or have less restricted motions when bound in the stationary phase compared with the aqueous solvent (mobile phase). The interactions responsible for binding have been further characterized by studies of the effects of changes in mobile phase composition, temperature dependence of binding, and QSRR (quantitative structure-chromatographic retention relationship) analysis, demonstrating the importance of enthalpic effects in binding and differentiation between the isotopologues. To explain our results showing the active role of the hydrophobic (stationary) phase we propose a plausible model that includes specific contributions from aromatic edge-to-face attractive interactions and attractive interactions of aliphatic groups with the pi clouds of aromatic groups present as the solute or in the stationary phase.
Protracted anemia associated with chronic, relapsing systemic inflammation induced by arthropathic peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers in rats (1989)

Mild hypoproliferative anemia with abnormal iron metabolism frequently accompanies chronic inflammation and infection in humans. To determine whether anemia is associated with chronic relapsing arthritis induced by bacterial cell wall polymers, serial determinations of the hematocrit were measured in rats injected intraperitoneally with sonicated peptidoglycan-polysaccharide fragments from group A streptococci. Acute anemia peaked 5 to 10 days after injection, and chronic, spontaneously relapsing anemia persisted for 309 days. 51Cr labeling demonstrated decreased erythrocyte survival, i.e., a half-life of 8.4 days in cell wall-injected rats versus 11.8 days in controls. Erythrocytes were mildly microcytic, and leukocyte counts were elevated during early spontaneous reactivation of arthritis, 15 days after injection of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide. Bone marrow myeloid/erythroid precursor ratios were elevated in arthritic rats (P less than 0.0001). Purified peptidoglycan produced an acute anemia lasting 10 days, while injection of group A streptococcal polysaccharide and mutanolysin-digested cell wall did not affect the hematocrit. The minimal effective dose of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide was 5 micrograms of rhamnose per g (body weight). Serum iron and transferrin levels were decreased in cell wall-injected rats (P less than 0.005) and were closely correlated with hematocrit values and joint inflammatory scores. Stainable iron was increased in the liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes and unchanged in the bone marrow of cell wall-injected rats. Anemia accompanying chronic, relapsing systemic inflammation induced by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers appears to be an excellent animal model of the anemia of chronic disease.
[Pyoderma gangrenosum and hemopathies. Apropos of 2 cases]. (1987)

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an uncommon ulcerative disease of the skin. The cause is unknown but the condition is often associated with other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease or monoclonal gammopathy. The association between PG and haematological malignancies (acute leukaemia, Myeloproliferative disorders) is infrequent. Two cases of PG associated with haemopathy are described; one had primary thrombocythaemia and the other, acute myeloblastic leukaemia following for myeloma. The significance of this association is discussed in the light of other observations previously reported in the literature.
Sweat testing for heroin and metabolites in a heroin maintenance program (1997)

Recent advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in unconventional biological materials such as sweat. In a study conducted during a heroin maintenance program, 14 subjects had sweat patches applied, then received intravenously two or three doses of heroin hydrochloride ranging from 80 to 1000 mg/day. The sweat patch was applied 10 min before the first dosage and removed approximately 24 h later, minutes before the next dosage. Absorbent pads were stored at -20 degrees C in plastic tubes until analysis. The target drugs were extracted in 5 mL of acetonitrile in the presence of 100 ng each of heroin-d9, 6-acetylmorphine-d3, and morphine-d3. After agitation for 30 min, the acetonitrile solution was divided into two portions: 2 mL for heroin testing and the remainder for testing for the other compounds. After evaporation, the residue of the first portion was reconstituted in 35 microL of acetonitrile; the second was derivatized by silylation with 40 microL of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide containing 10 mL/L trimethylchlorosilane. Drugs were analyzed by GC-MS in electron impact mode. Concentrations (nanograms per patch) ranged from 2.1 to 96.3 for heroin, 0 to 24.6 for 6-acetylmorphine, and 0 to 11.2 morphine. Except in one case, heroin was the major drug present in sweat, followed by 6-acetylmorphine and morphine. We observed no correlation between the doses of heroin administered and the concentrations of heroin measured in sweat.
The effect of valence state and site geometry on Ti L3,2 and O K electron energy-loss spectra of TixOy phases (2007)

Titanium L3,2 and O K electron energy loss near-edge structures (ELNES) of seven Ti oxides have been measured in a transmission electron microscope to obtain information on the valence state and site geometry of Ti. The coordination of Ti in all phases studied is octahedral, whereas the valence states occurring are Ti2+, Ti3+, and Ti4+. Effects of polyhedra distortions are particularly observed for two oxides with mixed Ti3+-Ti4+ valence state, i.e., the Magnéli phases Ti4O7 and Ti5O9. A prominent pre-peak in the Ti L3 edge is attributed to the orthorhombic polyhedra distortions in these compounds, leading to complex crystal field splitting. The effect of valence state manifests itself in a systematic chemical shift of Ti white lines by 2 eV per valence state. On the basis of collected Ti L3,2 ELNES spectra we propose a new quantification technique for the determination of Ti4+/Ti3+ ratios. Complementary O K ELNES spectra were well reproduced by Density Functional Theory calculation, revealing that the O K-edge is sensitive to the covalent bonding in all analyzed oxides.