gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β -Galactosidase Gene Transfer to Human Malignant Glioma In Vivo Using Replication-Deficient Retroviruses and Adenoviruses (1998)

Both retro- and adenovirus-mediated gene therapy have been suggested as a novel approach to the treatment of malignant brain tumors. However, little information is available about the gene transfer efficiency in human malignant glioma in vivo. We compared the feasibility and safety of retrovirus- and adenovirus-mediated beta-galactosidase gene transfer in human malignant glioma. Beta-galactosidase gene was transferred to 10 patients with malignant glioma via a catheter inserted into the tumor. The catheter was left in place until the tumor resection. To maximize gene transfer efficiency, gene transfer vectors (BAG retroviruses, titer, 6 x 10(5) CFU; and adenoviruses, titer from 3 x 10(8) to 3 x 10(10) PFU) were injected into the tumor via the catheter once a day for three consecutive days, followed by tumor resection 1-2 days later. Tumor was resected in such a way that the catheter was still in place inside the tumor, which permitted accurate histological analysis of the transduced tumors. X-Gal staining for beta-galactosidase activity was used to study gene transfer efficiency and distribution of the marker gene. Beta-galactosidase gene transfer was well tolerated with both vectors. Except for two patients with clear increases in serum adenovirus antibody titers, no adverse tissue responses or systemic complications were noticed in any of the patients. Gene transfer was successful in all patients. Gene transfer efficiency varied between <0.01 and 4% with retroviruses and between <0.01 and 11% with adenoviruses. However, the transgene activity was not evenly distributed in the tumors. Both glioma cells and endothelium in the tumor blood vessels were transduced with retro- and adenovirus vectors. In conclusion, the safety and feasibility of in vivo gene transfer to human malignant glioma was established with retro- and adenovirus vectors. Adenoviruses were more efficient than retroviruses in achieving in vivo gene transfer. Transduction of endothelial cells may have important consequences for the proposed treatment strategies and selection of treatment genes. The results justify clinical gene therapy trials for malignant glioma.
Recombinant adenovirus with enhanced green fluorescent protein (2008)

A variety of options, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and biopharmaceuticals, or a combination of these therapies, have been developed and are commonly used for the treatment of cancer. However, these treatments often result in undesirable side effects for the patient and may not always be efficacious (1-3). As a result, the use of gene therapy as an alternative therapy for cancer has been developed and attempted by several investigators (4, 5). The adenovirus (Ad) is the most common vehicle used for the gene therapy of cancer, both as a vector and as an oncolytic agent (4, 5). The Ad is a non-enveloped DNA virus that binds to the Coxsackie-Ad receptor (CAR) on cells and has been studied for more than half a century. After binding to CAR, the virus interacts with the host cell integrins (which serve as secondary receptors) and is internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis (6). A detailed description of Ad structure, gene composition, and biology is available elsewhere (7). Ad is one of the best-characterized viruses and, depending on the infecting serotype, is known to cause several different illnesses such as conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, the common cold, and other respiratory ailments in humans (8, 9). There are ~50 serotypes of Ad, and among these Ad2 and Ad5 are the serotypes most commonly used for gene therapy. This is because Ad can be easily engineered to target a specific ailment such as cancer, can be made replication-deficient, does not integrate into the mammalian genome, can accommodate large transgenes, and can be modified to have a reduced immunological responses in mammals (10).To make recombinant Ad suitable for use as a gene therapy vector, several strategies are used by investigators in the field (11). A common approach to generate an Ad vector is by substituting a viral gene(s) with the gene(s) of interest (11). For selective infection of cancerous tumors, conditionally replicating Ads (CRAds) have been generated that replicate only in the neoplastic cells and locally amplify the virus, which ultimately results in lysis of the host cell (thus the virus is oncolytic) (12). The lack of replication in normal tissue restricts the infection of CRAds to the cancerous cells, and the CRAds would replicate only until the cancerous cells are depleted. Other advantages of using CRAds for cancer therapy are discussed in detail by Kanerva and Hemminki (12). Although CRAds are being used in several clinical trials in the United States, still little is known regarding their replication, spreading ability, persistence, and interaction with the host system (13). According to Ono et al., this is probably because a non-invasive monitoring system was not available to investigate these CRAd parameters (13). Ono et al. envisioned that CRAds could probably be studied in an in vivo setting if the vector could be monitored with a fluorescent reporter gene (13).This chapter details the development and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a CRAd vector bearing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as the reporter gene (13).
A Pulsed Neutron Analysis Model for Carbon Dioxide Floods: Application to the Reinecke Field, West Texas (2000)

Abstract Rienecke field is one of a series of fields in the Horseshoe Atoll of the Midland Basin. This carbonate reservoir has fairly good lateral and vertical continuity and is confined in a dome-like structure. A gravity-stable crestal carbon-dioxide flood was begun in 1997 by injection into five wells at the high point of the structure. Pulsed-neutron logs run through casing provide a method to monitor reservoir dynamics and locate oil production targets. The first step in developing a cased-reservoir analysis model is to estimate the carbon dioxide content. This is done by correlation of the cased-hole neutron and density porosities from the pulsed-neutron system. In developing a three-phase saturation model (oil, water, carbon dioxide)the effects of the carbon dioxide on the oil and water saturation measurements must be determined. Computer simulations of tool response are utilized in conjunction with field data to develop the model and the uncertainties in the saturations. An example log and analysis demonstrate the capabilities of the reservoir analysis model. The analysis results are compared to production and historical data for the field.
Fullerene-structured nanowires of silicon (1999)

Silicon vapor from a magnetron sputter source was deposited onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, resulting in the formation of nanoscale wires. The structures were analyzed by scanning tunneling microscopy. The wires are from 3 to 7 nm in diameter and at least 100 nm long. They tend to be assembled parallel in bundles. In order to understand the observed quasi-one-dimensional structures, diamondlike and fullerenelike wire models are constructed. Molecular-orbit calculations yield binding energies and band gaps of such structures, and lead us to propose a fullerene-type ${\mathrm{Si}}_{24}$-based atomic configuration for nanowires of silicon.
Surface Modification of Organic Polymer Films Treated in Atmospheric Plasmas (2004)

The effect of plasma treatment on surface characteristics of polyethylene terephthalate films was investigated using helium and oxygenated-helium atmospheric plasmas. Sample exposure to plasma was conducted in a closed ventilation test cell inside the main plasma chamber with variable exposure times. The percent weigh loss of the samples showed an initial increase followed by decrease with extended exposure time, indicating a combined mechanism of etching and redeposition. The wettability as measured by the contact angle showed a sharp initial increase followed by a steady-state trend with increased exposure time, suggesting a change in surface functionality. Atomic force microscopy analysis revealed increase in surface roughness, as well as evidence of redeposition of etched volatiles. Functionality changes were measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and these changes were correlated to the new plasma-induced properties. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Preparation and characterization of human interleukin-5 expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli (1990)

The gene coding for human interleukin-5 was synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli under control of a heat-inducible promoter. High-level expression, 10-15% of total cellular protein, was achieved in E. coli. The protein was produced in an insoluble state. A simple extraction, renaturation and purification scheme is described. The recombinant protein was found to be a homodimer, similar to the natural murine-derived protein. Despite the lack of glycosylation, high specific activities were obtained in three 'in vitro' biological assays. Physical characterization of the protein showed it to be mostly alpha-helical, supporting the hypothesis that a conformational similarity exists among certain cytokines.
Evidence for route dependent biotransformation of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (1982)

Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride was administered to healthy volunteers as a 10 mg oral tablet, 10 mg and 20 mg intramuscular injections, and a 10 mg intravenous injection. Urinary excretion and plasma level data for cyclobenzaprine together provide evidence for route dependent biotransformation. Urinary excretion of total cyclobenzaprine (unchanged plus the glucuronide conjugate) was greater for the oral treatment than for the parenteral treatments (i.m. and i.v.). Area under the plasma concentration-time curve for unchanged cyclobenzaprine, however, was less for the oral treatment than for the parenteral treatments. Based on area calculations, the bioavailability of the 10 mg oral tablet, 10 mg i.m. and 20 mg i.m. injection was 0.33, 0.76, and 0.56, respectively, when compared to the 10 mg i.v. injection of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride. The four treatments were well tolerated and no clinically adverse effects were observed.
The Benzophenanthridine Alkaloid Fagaronine Induces Erythroleukemic Cell Differentiation by Gene Activation (2005)

Fagaronine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid from Fagara zanthoxyloides Lam. (Rutaceae), has been tested on the erythroleukemic cell line K562 in order to explain some previous results on cell differentiation. In this study we showed that fagaronine induces a significant hemoglobinization of the human erythroleukemic cell line K562. This hemoglobin synthesis was accompanied by a strong increase of erythroid mRNA expression such as gamma- and alpha-globin, and PBGD, an enzyme of heme synthesis. In addition, the Epo-R transcripts were also stimulated indicating that cells are engaged in a maturation process. Both transcription factors GATA-1 and NF-E2, which play an important role in the regulation of genes involved in the erythroid differentiation, were also transcriptionally up-regulated. To elucidate the possible role of GATA-1 in the FAG-induced differentiation of K562 cells, we transfected reporter constructs containing regulatory regions of erythroid genes encompassing GATA-1 binding sites. After 48 hours of treatment, FAG stimulated the EPO-R and gamma-globin promoters by 2- to 3-fold and the promoter/enhancer region of GATA-1 gene by 3.2-fold. A mutation within the GATA-1 binding sites strongly decreased the promoter activation induced by FAG. Taken together, our results represent a demonstration that FAG exerts its differentiating activity by a specific activation of the regulating GATA-1 regions of genes involved in the erythroid phenotype expression.
Integration of INFOMAR Bathymetric LiDAR with external onshore LiDAR data sets. (2009)

&lt;br&gt;This study was carried out by the National Centre for Geocomputation at NUI Maynooth. The NCG is a resource for those interested in any aspect of the capture, storage, integration, management, retrieval, display, analysis or modelling of spatial data. Research at the NCG is diverse, but much of its work focuses on Algorithm development, Geosensor integration, Geovisualisation and Location Based Services. Research under the Geosensors banner includes LiDAR research, which includes LiDAR acquisition, processing and error quantification.&lt;/br&gt; &lt;br&gt;The primary aim of this study is to test onshore-to-offshore and offshore-to-onshore integration potential between INFOMAR bathymetric LiDAR data and onshore aerial LiDAR supplied by the Office of Public Works and Ordnance Survey Ireland. Three potential barriers to integration are examined and quantified (namely absolute LiDAR error, datum transformation error, and water-column segregation issues). Investigations focus on the potential for LiDAR integration in: • Sligo bay • Oranmore bay (within Galway bay) • Blennerville bay (within Tralee bay).&lt;/br&gt;
Chemopreventive efficacy of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) against 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in female A/J mice. (2003)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, such as suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), represent a promising new class of chemopreventive agents. We have synthesized SAHA by an improved method and examined its efficacy as a dietary supplement at 450 ppm against lung tumor development in female A/J mice induced by the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). We observed significant inhibition (80%, p < 0.0001) of lung tumor multiplicity in mice treated with NNK plus SAHA compared to NNK-treated controls. SAHA inhibited the carbonyl reductive pathways of NNK in a dose-dependent manner in liver, but not lung microsomes, obtained from A/J mice. However, a significant inhibition of the a-hydroxylation pathway of NNK was observed in both lung and liver microsomes, suggesting that SAHA may act to inhibit the activation pathways of NNK metabolism. The results of this model study indicate that SAHA holds promise as a potential chemopreventive agent against lung cancer.
Purification of natural antikeratin autoantibodies from normal human serum and their effect on human keratinocytes cultured in vitro (2001)

The present research lays a solid foundation for further investigation into the biological significance of natural AK autoantibodies.
Microfabricated structures for integrated DNA analysis. (1996)

Photolithographic micromachining of silicon is a candidate technology for the construction of high-throughput DNA analysis devices. However, the development of complex silicon microfabricated systems has been hindered in part by the lack of a simple, versatile pumping method for integrating individual components. Here we describe a surface-tension-based pump able to move discrete nanoliter drops through enclosed channels using only local heating. This thermocapillary pump can accurately mix, measure, and divide drops by simple electronic control. In addition, we have constructed thermal-cycling chambers, gel electrophoresis channels, and radiolabeled DNA detectors that are compatible with the fabrication of thermocapillary pump channels. Since all of the components are made by conventional photolithographic techniques, they can be assembled into more complex integrated systems. The combination of pump and components into self-contained miniaturized devices may provide significant improvements in DNA analysis speed, portability, and cost. The potential of microfabricated systems lies in the low unit cost of silicon-based construction and in the efficient sample handling afforded by component integration.
Vertex component analysis: a fast algorithm to unmix hyperspectral data (2005)

Given a set of mixed spectral (multispectral or hyperspectral) vectors, linear spectral mixture analysis, or linear unmixing, aims at estimating the number of reference substances, also called endmembers, their spectral signatures, and their abundance fractions. This paper presents a new method for unsupervised endmember extraction from hyperspectral data, termed vertex component analysis (VCA). The algorithm exploits two facts: (1) the endmembers are the vertices of a simplex and (2) the affine transformation of a simplex is also a simplex. In a series of experiments using simulated and real data, the VCA algorithm competes with state-of-the-art methods, with a computational complexity between one and two orders of magnitude lower than the best available method.
Multi bounding volume hierarchies (2008)

Efficient tracing of single and incoherent rays is still a challenge in computer graphics. Coherent packet tracing has reached real-time performance, but ray packets bring about restrictions for the architecture of the renderer and their suitability for diverging secondary ray bundles is uncertain. The algorithm presented in this paper avoids these problems by not using ray packets at all. Instead, it uses triangle packets and bounding volume packets in a novel acceleration data structure called multi bounding volume hierarchy (MBVH). It is designed for SIMD single ray tracing. The hierarchy is built from a binary bounding volume hierarchy by collapsing subtrees of height two into SIMD nodes storing four bounding boxes. A modified cost function for construction guarantees that all but one of the leaf nodes contain exactly four triangles. The MBVH makes good use of data-level parallelism during traversal and triangle intersection, yielding speed-ups of up to 2.8times for random ray shooting. It consumes less memory than a regular bounding volume hierarchy and requires no modifications to the architecture of the rendering engine.
NF-κB activation in endothelial cells is critical for the activity of angiostatic agents (2009)

In tumor cells, the transcription factor NF-kappaB has been described to be antiapoptotic and proproliferative and involved in the production of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor. From these data, a protumorigenic role of NF-kappaB has emerged. Here, we examined in endothelial cells whether NF-kappaB signaling pathway is involved in mediating the angiostatic properties of angiogenesis inhibitors. The current report describes that biochemically unrelated agents with direct angiostatic effect induced NF-kappaB activation in endothelial cells. Our data showed that endostatin, anginex, angiostatin, and the 16-kDa N-terminal fragment of human prolactin induced NF-kappaB activation in endothelial cells in both cultured human endothelial cells and in vivo in a mouse tumor model. It was also found that NF-kappaB activity was required for the angiostatic activity, because inhibition of NF-kappaB in endothelial cells impaired the ability of angiostatic agents to block sprouting of endothelial cells and to overcome endothelial cell anergy. Therefore, activation of NF-kappaB in endothelial cells can result in an unexpected antitumor outcome. Based on these data, the current approach of systemic treatment with NF-kappaB inhibitors may therefore be revisited because NF-kappaB activation specifically targeted to endothelial cells might represent an efficient strategy for the treatment of cancer.
Low-cost, multimodal, portable screening system for early detection of oral cancer (2008)

Oral cancer is an important global health problem. There is an urgent need for improved methods to detect oral cancer and its precursors, because early detection is the best way to reduce oral cancer mortality and morbidity. In this work, we describe simple modifications to a surgical headlight system that enables direct visualization and digital image acquisition from oral tissue in multiple imaging modalities including fluorescence, white-light reflectance, and orthogonal polarization reflectance. Images obtained with the system in-vivo demonstrate that it is an attractive technology to explore for oral cancer screening in low-resource environments where clinical expertise is often unavailable.
Structures of the didemnins, antiviral and cytotoxic depsipeptides from a Caribbean tunicate (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures of the didemnins, antiviral and cytotoxic depsipeptides from a Caribbean tunicateKenneth L. Rinehart Jr., James B. Gloer, J. Carter Cook Jr., Stephen A. Mizsak, and Terrence A. ScahillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 7, 1857–1859Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00397a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00397a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views708Altmetric-Citations234LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts