gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding of Tat Protein to TAR Region of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Blocks TAR-Mediated Activation of (2′-5′)Oligoadenylate Synthetase (1990)

The TAR sequence of the 5' leader of HIV-1 long terminal repeat-directed mRNA was found to be able to bind to and to activate double-stranded RNA-dependent (2'-5')A synthetase. Binding of TAR to the purified synthetase in vitro was abolished by addition of HIV-1 Tat protein, which binds to this sequence with a high affinity. Inhibition of TAR-mediated activation of (2'-5')A synthetase by Tat was prevented in the presence of the Zn2+ and Cd2+ chelators o-phenanthroline and penicillamine, which did not impair TAR-synthetase interaction. Transient expression assays of bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene in HeLa cells revealed that the levels of both CAT mRNA and CAT protein decreased after treatment of the cells with interferon, if CAT gene was linked to HIV-1 TAR segment. Cotransfection of the cells with a tat sequence containing plasmid rendered CAT gene expression insensible to the action of interferon.
Interaction of Plant Lectins with Purified Human Lymphocyte Populations: Binding Characteristics and Kinetics of Proliferation (1975)

With six purified plant lectins as probes of cell surface structure, human T, B, and Null lymphocytes have been examined for cell surface differences. The results of binding experiments with radioiodinated lectins indicate that these three lymphocyte populations, although functionally different, bind equivalent amounts of E- and L-PHA, lentil PHA, Con A, RCA-I, and WGA. Since these lectins are capable of binding to at least four different cell surface oligosaccharides, these data indicate that human T, B, and Null lymphocytes do not differ with respect to surface content of these carbohydrate structures. In addition, all six lectins were investigated for their ability to stimulate DNA synthesis in these human lymphocyte populations. Four of these lectins (E- and L-PHA, lentil PHA, and Con A) were mitogenic for human lymphocytes, whereas RCA-I and WGA failed to stimulate significant DNA synthesis in any lymphocyte population. When incubated with the mitogenic lectins, both B and Null cells displayed a delayed peak of DNA synthesis in comparison to T cells. Thus, despite virtually identical binding characteristics, the lectin-induced mitogenic response exhibited by B and Null cells was markedly different kinetically from that of T cells.
Delayed clearance of very low density and intermediate density lipoproteins with enhanced conversion to low density lipoprotein in WHHL rabbits. (1982)

Rabbit livers express two genetically distinct receptors for plasma lipoproteins: (i) the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and (ii) the chylomicron remnant receptor. In homozygous Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, an animal model for human familial hypercholesterolemia, LDL receptors are genetically deficient, but chylomicron remnant receptors are normal. Hence, WHHL rabbits clear LDL from the circulation at an abnormally slow rate, but they clear chylomicron remnants at a normal rate. The current studies show that WHHL rabbits clear 125I-labeled very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and its metabolic product, intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), from plasma at a markedly decreased rate. The impaired clearance is due to a profound decrease in the rate of uptake of 125I-labeled VLDL and 125I-labeled IDL by the liver. Because of its rapid clearance in normal rabbits, only a fraction of the 125I-labeled apoprotein B component of VLDL is converted to LDL. In WHHL rabbits, the impaired clearance of VLDL leads to a markedly increased conversion of 125I-labeled apoprotein B from VLDL to LDL. These results indicate that: (i) in rabbits, the LDL receptor mediates the rapid removal of VLDL and IDL from plasma, and (ii), a deficiency of LDL receptors leads to an enhanced conversion of VLDL to LDL. The combination of overproduction and impaired plasma clearance of LDL, both resulting from a single gene mutation in the LDL receptor, leads to a massive increase of plasma LDL levels in homozygous WHHL rabbits.
CoS Supersedes Pt as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Triiodide Reduction in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2009)

We report an efficient nonplatinized flexible counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. In combination with a solvent-free ionic liquid electrolyte, we have demonstrated a approximately 6.5% cell with an amphiphilic ruthenium polypyridyl photosensitizer showing excellent stability measured under prolonged light soaking at 60 degrees C. Compared to the Pt deposited PEN film, the CoS deposited PEN film shows higher electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of triiodide. This is expected to have an important practical consequence on the production of flexible low-cost and lightweight thin film DSC devices based on the plastic matrix.
Low Dose Single Weekly Injections of Growth Hormone: Response during First Year of Therapy of Hypopituitarism (1980)

Initial year growth responses to single weekly injections of 2.5 units human growth hormone (hGH) in 29 patients with hypopituitarism (130 units/yr/patient) were compared to responses in a series using smaller doses in conjunction with androgen (48 to 112 units/yr); the US collaborative study experience with the standard dose (2 units 3 times/wk = 312 units/yr), and with two size-adjusted doses (0.06 units/kg 3 times/wk = 212 +/- 94 SD units/yr, 0.03 units/kg 3 times/wk = 116 +/- 33 units/yr); and to the British experience with much larger doses (1,040 units/yr). During the first year of hGH treatment our patients grew an average 13% faster than the androgen-supplemented and collaborative study-0.03 units/kg/dose groups. They had a similar pace to the collaborative study-312 units/yr and 0.06 units/kg/dose patients, but grew 15% more slowly than did the British patients. Growth response correlated positively with age and negatively with hGH dose per kilogram of body weight. Of 17 patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency ten developed hypothyroidism with hGH therapy, leading to a policy of routine adjunctive thyroxine replacement.
Use of parabolic reflector to amplify in-air signals generated during impact-echo testing (2011)

The impact-echo method is a commonly used nondestructive testing technique for elastic plates in civil engineering. The impact-echo mode corresponds to the frequency at zero group velocity of S(1) Lamb mode. Recent development of the air-coupled impact-echo (ACIE) method introduces the possibility for rapid scanning of large structures and increases the practicality of in situ measurements. However, sensors used in ACIE are susceptible to ambient noise, which complicates in situ ACIE measurements. This letter presents the results of ACIE measurements taken using a parabolic reflector together with standard measurement microphones to increase the signal to noise ratio for ACIE measurements. The signal gain and effects of sensor location with respect to impact location are discussed.
Plasma-Based Sterilization (2003)

Rapid, safe, and effective sterilization is of the utmost importance when it comes to protecting the public in general and hospital patients in particular. Today, public health institutions face unprecedented challenges due to the advent of heat sensitive reusable medical tools and due to the appearance of heat resistant microorganisms such as prion, the protein which causes Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, more commonly known as "mad cow disease". Conventional sterilization methods such as autoclaving and Ethylene Oxide (EtO) are inadequate in these cases. Non-equilibrium "cold" plasmas have recently been shown to be a very promising alternative, potentially capable of overcoming the above-mentioned challenges. In addition to not damaging the articles to be sterilized, cold plasmas proved to be very effective due to the synergistic effects of free radicals and UV photons, which interact with the cells of microorganisms on the atomic and molecular levels.
Name Service Locality and Cache Design in a Distributed Operating System. (1986)

m tively slow and inexpensive source of information and a uch faster consumer of that information. The cache c capacity is relatively small and expensive, but quickly ac essible. The goal is for the cache behavior to dominate e c performance but the large storage facility to dominat osts, thus giving the illusion of a large, fast, inexpensive a s storage system. Successful operation depends both on ubstantial level of locality being exhibited by the consut mer, and careful strategies being chosen for cache opera ion disciplines for replacement of contents, update syn-
Artificial regulatory networks and cascades for discrete multilevel transgene control in mammalian cells (2003)

Prototype drug-adjustable heterologous transcription control systems designed for gene therapy applications typically show sigmoid dose-response characteristics and enable fine-tuning of therapeutic transgenes only within a narrow inducer concentration range of a few nanograms. However, the design of clinical dosing regimes which achieve tissue-specific concentrations with nanogram precision is yet a "mission impossible." Therefore, most of today's transcription control systems operate as ON/OFF switches and not in a true adjustable mode. The availability of robust transcription control configurations which lock expression of a single therapeutic transgene at desired levels in response to fixed clinical doses of different inducers rather than minute concentration changes of a single inducer would be highly desirable. Based on in silico predictions, we have constructed a variety of mammalian artificial regulatory networks by interconnecting the tetracycline- (TET(OFF)), streptogramin- (PIP(OFF)), and macrolide- (E(OFF)) repressible gene regulation systems as linear (auto)regulatory cascades. These networks enable multilevel expression control of several transgenes in response to different antibiotics or allow titration of a single transgene to four discrete expression levels by clinical dosing of a single antibiotic: 1) high expression in the absence of any antibiotic (+++), 2) medium level expression following addition of tetracycline (++), 3) low level expression in response to the macrolide erythromycin (+), and 4) complete repression by streptogramins such as pristinamycin (-). The first-generation artificial regulatory networks exemplify modular interconnections of different heterologous gene regulations systems to achieve multigene expression, fine-tuning, or to design novel control networks with unprecedented transgene regulation properties. Such higher-level transcription control modalities will lead the way towards composite artificial regulatory networks able to effect complex therapeutic interventions in future gene therapy and tissue engineering scenarios.
Immunoscintigraphy with positron emission tomography: gallium-68 chelate imaging of breast cancer pretargeted with bispecific anti-MUC1/anti-Ga chelate antibodies. (2001)

Pretargeting techniques that are based on the sequential administrations of bispecific antitumor/antimetal chelate antibodies (BS-MAbs), a blocker to saturate the anti-chelate binding sites of the BS-MAb still present in the circulation, and the radiolabeled chelate are suitable to increase tumor-to-normal tissue contrasts and enable positron emission tomography (PET) as an imaging method. As demonstrated in the nude mouse model, a combination of pretargeted immunoscintigraphy and PET markedly improved the detection of tumor xenografts. With the presented preliminary clinical trial, we attempted to assess the efficacy of pretargeting and PET for breast cancer localization in patients. The BS-MAb used for pretargeting was synthesized from the F(ab')(2) fragments of the anti-MUC1 MAb 12H12, which reacts with the vast majority of breast tumors, and the F(ab') fragments of an anti-gallium (Ga) chelate MAb via a mixed functional chemical linker. For labeling of the Ga-chelate, we used the short-lived positron emitter Ga-68 (t(1/2), 68 min; beta(+), 88%). The dose and time schedule of pretargeting was deduced from previous animal experiments. Ten patients with biopsy-proven, primary breast carcinoma were infused with 10 mg of the BS-MAB: Eighteen h later, they received i.v. injections of 10.7 mg of a blocker and, 15 min later, 9.6 microg of the Ga chelate labeled with 230-300 MBq of (68)GA: PET imaging was started 60-90 min after injection of the (68)Ga chelate. Average tumor-to-blood and tumor:normal breast tissue ratios were 0.9 and 3.0 at 1 h postinjection. Tumor uptake amounted to approximately 0.003% iD/g corresponding to a standard uptake value of approximately 2. Blood clearance of the (68)Ga chelate showed a t(1/2) beta of approximately 100 min. Fourteen of 17 known lesions, averaging 25 +/- 16 mm in size, were clearly visualized as foci of increased activity with PET. No false-positive but three false-negative readings were obtained. An enhanced, bilateral activity uptake in the whole breast parenchyma, found in 4 of the 10 patients, compromised the recognition of these tumor sites. Although the shedding of the MUC1 antigen and the comparatively low tumor affinity of the BS-MAb, common to all anti-mucin MAbs, proved not to be optimal for increasing tumor:tissue ratios with a pretargeting technique, PET imaging offered better sensitivity for the detection of breast cancer at low tumor contrasts than conventional immunoscintigraphy. This could be demonstrated by the clear visualization of tumor sites 10 mm in size, which contrasted only by a factor of 2 from surrounding normal breast tissue.
Serum antibody in rheumatoid arthritis reactive with a cell-associated antigen. Demonstration by precipitation and immunofluorescence (1976)

A cell-free extract of human diploid B lymphocytes (Wil2) in continuous culture was used as the source of antigen in immunodiffusion to detect a precipitating antibody referred to as rheumatoid arthritis precipitin (RAP) in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The prevalence of RAP was determined in various arthritides and other connective tissue diseases. It was found in 67% of patients with seropositive RA and in 62% of patients with Sjögren's syndrome associated with RA. But its frequency was lower in many other connective tissue diseases, including seronegative RA and Sjögren's syndrome without associated RA. Matching sera and synovial fluids from patients with seropositive RA were also studied. Differences in serum and synovial fluid RAP titers were demonstrated, but generally when RAP was present in serum, it was also present in synovial fluid and vice versa. Indirect immunofluorescence (IF) with Wil2 cells as substrate was used to demonstrate RAP and to determine morphologically the nature of the reactive cellular antigen. When cells were treated with commonly used fixatives, little or no staining with RAP positive sera was observed. This outcome was shown to be the result of the extreme solubility of the cellular antigen reactive with RAP. The antigen was retained best in a reactive form in Wil2 cells after fixation of cells with dry heat at 37 degrees C for 30 minutes, and it was demonstrated by IF staining as small round granules distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm. IF was also employed to demonstrate that RAP is immunoglobulin belonging to IgG and IgM classes and not to IgA or IgD.
A 16-Channel Receive, Forced Current Excitation Dual-Transmit Coil for Breast Imaging at 7T (2014)

The FCE design of the transmit coil easily accommodates the addition of a sixteen channel array coil. The improved spatial and temporal resolution provided by the high-field array coil with FCE dual-channel transmit will ultimately be beneficial in lesion detection and characterization.
Resistance of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells to Nur77-Induced Apoptosis Promotes Allograft Survival (2008)

The NR4A nuclear receptor family member Nur77 (NR4A1) promotes thymocyte apoptosis during negative selection of autoreactive thymocytes, but may also function in mature extrathymic T cells. We studied the effects of over-expression of Nur77 on the apoptosis of murine peripheral T cells, including thymic-derived Foxp3+ regulatory (Treg) cells. Overexpression of Nur77 in the T cell lineage decreased numbers of peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cells by approximately 80% compared to wild-type (WT) mice. However, the proportions of Treg cells were markedly increased in the thymus (61% of CD4+Foxp3+ singly positive thymocytes vs. 8% in WT) and secondary lymphoid organs (40-50% of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells vs. 7-8% in WT) of Nur77 transgenic (Nur77Tg) mice, and immunoprecipitation studies showed Nur77 was associated with a recently identified HDAC7/Foxp3 transcriptional complex. Upon activation through the T cell receptor in vitro or in vivo, Nur77Tg T cells showed only marginally decreased proliferation but significantly increased apoptosis. Fully allogeneic cardiac grafts transplanted to Nur77Tg mice survived long-term with well-preserved structure, and recipient splenocytes showed markedly enhanced apoptosis and greatly reduced anti-donor recall responses. Allografts in Nur77Tg recipients had significantly increased expression of multiple Treg-associated genes, including Foxp3, Foxp1, Tip60 and HDAC9. Allograft rejection was restored by CD25 monoclonal antibody therapy, indicating that allograft acceptance was dependent upon Treg function in Nur77Tg recipients. These data show that compared to conventional CD4 and CD8 T cells, Foxp3+ Tregs are relatively resistant to Nur77-mediated apoptosis, and that tipping the balance between the numbers of Tregs and responder T cells in the early period post-transplantation can determine the fate of the allograft. Hence, induced expression of Nur77 might be a novel means to achieve long-term allograft survival.
Reduced Toxicity and Superior Therapeutic Activity of a Mitomycin C Lipid-Based Prodrug Incorporated in Pegylated Liposomes (2006)

Delivery of MLP in pegylated liposomes is a potential approach for effective treatment of multidrug-resistant tumors while significantly buffering the toxicity of MMC.
Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in 72 meningiomas (1990)

The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was studied immunohistochemically in 72 meningiomas using two monoclonal antibodies with specificities to protein and carbohydrate components, respectively, of the external domain of the EGF-R. One third of the tumors had cytoplasmic and membrane positivity with the protein-specific antibody but in none were there positive tumor cells with the carbohydrate-specific antibody which recognizes the blood group A antigen. There was no difference in EGF-R expression between typical and aggressive meningiomas. No evidence was found to support previous reports of specific EGF-R immunoreactivity in the vascular endothelial cells of meningiomas. The authors believe this discrepancy to be due to detection of normal blood group A antigen attached to endothelial cells in patients of blood group A or AB. This occurs because many monoclonal anti-EGF-R antibodies are specific for A antigen which is found on the EGF-R of A431 cells but has not been reported on EGF-R elsewhere.
Enhancing the development-rate model for optimum simulation capability in the subhalf-micron regime (1997)

Methods used in the extraction of lithographic modeling parameters for simulation packages such as PROLITH/2 are examined. The results reveal hitherto unconsidered aspects of the development process which, when implemented in the simulations, give improved agreement with practical results with regard to characteristics such as resolution, depth-of- focus, linearity and dense/isolated bias. These refinements, which are particularly influential in the sub-half-micron regime, include the variation in photoresist dissolution properties as a function of depth into the resist film and also a small but powerful development 'notch' which is observed in the development rate versus PAC concentration curve as it approaches the minimum dissolution rate. This work therefore shows that current development models may not be adequate for some applications, and that great care must be taken in deriving and using the correct set of parameters for any one situation.
Expression of IL-12 and IL-13 mRNA in Asthma and Their Modulation in Response to Steroid Therapy (1997)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-13 are two recently characterized cytokines which play an important role in the induction of T helper cell type 1 (Th1-) and Th2-like cells, respectively. Using the technique of in situ hybridization, we have investigated the expression of these cytokines in bronchial biopsies from nine allergic asthmatics and nine normal control subjects. To determine the effect of steroid therapy on the expression of IL-12 and IL-13 in asthma, the numbers of cells expressing these cytokine mRNA before and after a 1-wk course of oral prednisone in six steroid-sensitive (SS) and five steroid-resistant (SR) moderately severe asthmatics were also examined. There was an increased number of IL-13, and a decreased number of IL-12 mRNA positive cells in asthmatic subjects compared with normal control subjects (p < 0.001). After steroid treatment, the increase in FEV1 values observed in SS asthmatics was accompanied by a significant decrease in cells expressing IL-13 mRNA (p < 0.05) and an increase in the numbers of cells expressing IL-12 mRNA (p < 0.05). In contrast, steroid therapy in SR asthmatics was not associated with significant changes in IL-12 and IL-13 mRNA expression. Thus, allergic asthma is associated with a downregulation of IL-12 mRNA expression and an upregulation of IL-13 mRNA expression. These results suggest an in vivo role for IL-12 and IL-13 in modulating allergic responses and support the notion that the clinical effects of glucocorticoids are at least partially mediated through the modulation of cytokine production.
Identification and Characterization of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptors in Porcine Renal Medullary Membranes (1991)

Membranes prepared from the medullary region of the porcine kidney displayed high affinity, high density (Kd, 0.12 nM; binding capacity, 127 fmol/mg protein) receptors for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Human CGRP (hCGRP), rat CGRP (rCGRP), and the hCGRP analog [hCGRP-(8-37)] competed for the binding of [125I]hCGRP, whereas salmon calcitonin (sCT) and CGRP-(22-37) were very weak in displacing [125I]hCGRP binding. In accordance with these binding data, CGRP stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in these membrane preparations in a concentration-dependent manner, with an EC50 similar to that of the Kd for binding. In the same preparations, sCT was ineffective in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity, suggesting that porcine kidney medullary membranes possess receptors specific for CGRP. Further hCGRP-(8-37), a CGRP antagonist, inhibited CGRP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in a competitive manner. Covalent cross-linking of [125I]hCGRP to these membranes resulted in the specific labeling of one major band at approximately 30,000 mol wt and two minor bands at about 58,000 and 78,000 mol wt. The presence of CGRP receptors and their coupling to adenylate cyclase suggest a role for CGRP in kidney function, such as local regulation of the microcirculation, electrolyte transport, or water homeostasis in the porcine kidney.