gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passivation of InAs∕(GaIn)Sb short-period superlattice photodiodes with 10μm cutoff wavelength by epitaxial overgrowth with AlxGa1−xAsySb1−y (2005)

An approach for the passivation of photodiodes based on compounds of the InAs∕GaSb∕AlSb materials family is presented. The passivation is realized by the overgrowth of patterned mesa devices with a quaternary AlxGa1−xAsySb1−y layer, lattice matched to the GaSb substrate. Proof of concept is demonstrated on infrared photodiodes based on InAs∕(GaIn)Sb superlattices with 10μm cutoff wavelength operating at 77 K where suppression of surface leakage currents is observed.
Determinants of Store-Level Price Elasticity (1995)

Using weekly scanner data representing 18 product categories, the authors estimated store-specific price elasticities for a chain of 83 supermarkets. They related these price sensitivities to a comprehensive set of demographic and competitor variables that described the trading areas of each of the stores. Despite the inability of previous research to find much of a relationship between consumer characteristics and price sensitivity, 11 demographic and competitive variables explain on average 67% of the variation in price response. Moreover, the authors found that the consumer demographic variables are much more influential than competitive variables. Their findings open the possibility for more effective everyday and promotional pricing strategies that exploit store-level differences in price sensitivity.
Complete amino acid sequence of human transforming growth factor type beta 2. (1987)

The complete amino acid sequence of human type beta 2 transforming growth factor (hTGF-beta 2) was determined by automated Edman degradation of S-pyridylethylated hTGF-beta 2 and selected fragments. Cleavage of hTGF-beta 2 by enzymatic and chemical techniques established all the fragments in an unambiguous sequence. Human TGF-beta 2 consists of two disulfide-linked, identical subunits. Each hTGF-beta 2 subunit is a single-chain polypeptide of 112 residues, with a calculated molecular weight of 12,720. Human TGF-beta 2 displays 71.4% sequence homology with the functionally related human TGF-beta 1, and is distantly related (23-40% amino acid identity) to porcine inhibins and activins, the carboxyl-terminal regions of human Müllerian inhibiting substance, and the putative decapentaplegic gene complex protein of Drosophila.
Elastic properties of a-C:N:H films (2007)

Dual dc-rf plasma system has been used to deposit hydrogenated carbon nitride (CNx:H) films that exhibit high elastic recovery (75%). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and Raman spectra were subsequently used to study the microstructure and bonding of the resultant films. The structure of the films from TEM is seen to consist of many particles embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix, and the films can be described as graphitelike or onionlike with interplanar distances of ≈1.15, 1.95, and 3.5Å, as obtained from selected area electron diffraction (SAED). FTIR shows that nitrogen promotes the formation of sp2 CC∕CN aromatic rings in the films. Raman spectra shows two apparent peaks at about 700 and 1200cm−1 in addition to the G and D peaks. Only by adding two extra peaks at approximately 1230 and 1470cm−1 can we deconvolute the Raman spectra of CNx:H in the region of 1000–2000cm−1. Combining TEM and SAED, we attribute the three peaks at about 700, 1200, and 1470cm−1 to fullerene or onion structure. However, the elastic recovery is relatively lower than elastic hydrogenated free carbon nitride films. We think that this is due to the fact that hydrogen is mainly incorporated to sp3 carbon and suppresses cross-linking three-dimensional (3D) network growth.
Peripheral Transgene Expression of Plasma Gelsolin Reduces Amyloid in Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease (2007)

The accumulation and deposition of the 40-42-amino acid peptide amyloid beta (Abeta) is thought to be a critical event in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both passive and active immunizations against Abeta in amyloid-depositing transgenic mice have reduced Abeta pathology and improved memory-related behavior. Peripheral treatments with other amyloid-binding agents have also reduced Abeta pathology. The present study demonstrates that peripheral delivery of plasmid DNA coding for the amyloid-binding protein plasma gelsolin reduces brain Abeta in two separate amyloid-depositing transgenic mouse models of AD when inter-litter variability is accounted for. The reduction in Abeta pathology observed is accompanied by an apparent increase in activated and reactive microglia and soluble oligomeric forms of amyloid. These findings demonstrate that peripheral expression of plasma gelsolin may be a suitable gene-therapeutic approach for the prevention or treatment of AD.
A process for microbial hydrocarbon synthesis: Overproduction of fatty acids in Escherichia coli and catalytic conversion to alkanes (2010)

The development of renewable alternatives to diesel and jet fuels is highly desirable for the heavy transportation sector, and would offer benefits over the production and use of short-chain alcohols for personal transportation. Here, we report the development of a metabolically engineered strain of Escherichia coli that overproduces medium-chain length fatty acids via three basic modifications: elimination of beta-oxidation, overexpression of the four subunits of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and expression of a plant acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase from Umbellularia californica (BTE). The expression level of BTE was optimized by comparing fatty acid production from strains harboring BTE on plasmids with four different copy numbers. Expression of BTE from low copy number plasmids resulted in the highest fatty acid production. Up to a seven-fold increase in total fatty acid production was observed in engineered strains over a negative control strain (lacking beta-oxidation), with a composition dominated by C(12) and C(14) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Next, a strategy for producing undecane via a combination of biotechnology and heterogeneous catalysis is demonstrated. Fatty acids were extracted from a culture of an overproducing strain into an alkane phase and fed to a Pd/C plug flow reactor, where the extracted fatty acids were decarboxylated into saturated alkanes. The result is an enriched alkane stream that can be recycled for continuous extractions. Complete conversion of C(12) fatty acids extracted from culture to alkanes has been demonstrated yielding a concentration of 0.44 g L(-1) (culture volume) undecane.
Identification of a low affinity, high capacity transporter of cationic amino acids in mouse liver. (1993)

The liver regulates the supply of amino acids required for protein synthesis and intermediary metabolism between feeding and fasting in mammals. The flux of amino acids between the liver and other tissues is determined, in part, by the activity of specific carrier proteins. We have identified a carrier of the cationic amino acids arginine, lysine, and ornithine in mouse liver that is closely related to a previously identified transporter with the same substrate specificity expressed in nonhepatic tissues. Uptake studies were performed in Xenopus oocytes injected with cRNA encoding these proteins. The comparison of the two transporters in these studies demonstrated that, unlike the widely-expressed transporter, arginine uptake mediated by the liver carrier is significant only at substrate concentrations that exceed systemic plasma levels and is less dependent on the intracellular concentration of cationic amino acids. These properties enable hepatocytes expressing this carrier to remove excess cationic amino acids from the blood without interfering with their uptake by nonhepatic tissues that express the related transporter.
A wireless ecg plaster for real-time cardiac health monitoring in body sensor networks (2011)

In this paper we present a wireless ECG plaster that can be used for real-time monitoring of ECG in cardiac patients. The proposed device is light weight (25 grams), wearable and can wirelessly transmit the patient's ECG signal to mobile phone or PC using ZigBee. The device has a battery life of around 26 hours while in continuous operation, owing to the proposed ultra-low power ECG acquisition front end chip. The prototype has been verified in clinical trials.
Frontiers and Approaches to Chemical Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (2013)

The advantages and disadvantages of existing approaches to the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) are discussed focusing on large-scale methods. The liquid phase and solid supported synthesis and the synthesis on soluble polymers are discussed. Different problems concerning the methods and implementation of the ODN synthesis are outlined depending on goals of using target oligomers.
Fabricating complex three-dimensional nanostructures with high-resolution conformable phase masks (2004)

High-resolution, conformable phase masks provide a means to fabricate, in an experimentally simple manner, classes of 3D nanostructures that are technologically important but difficult to generate in other ways. In this approach, light passing through a phase mask that has features of relief comparable in dimension to the wavelength generates a 3D distribution of intensity that exposes a photopolymer film throughout its thickness. Developing this polymer yields a structure in the geometry of the intensity distribution, with feature sizes as small as 50 nm. Rigorous coupled-wave analysis reveals the fundamental aspects of the optics associated with this method; a broad-range 3D nanostructures patterned with it demonstrates its technical capabilities. A nanoporous filter element built inside a microfluidic channel represents one example of the many types of functional devices that can be constructed.
Evolution of controls for the available bit rate service (1996)

In the summer of 1993, the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) community began a search for a mechanism to allocate bandwidth dynamically within an ATM network, while simultaneously preventing data loss. By the fall of 1994, the ATM Forum had introduced a new service category for this purpose, the available bit rate (ABR) service, and had selected a rate-based mechanism for its support. Simply put, the mechanism would consist of a stream of ABR resource management (RM) cells, generated by one end of the connection (the source) and looped back by the other (the destination), into which switches would encode the maximum rate at which the ABR source was to generate data. The ABR service is an addition to ATM that uses a feedback mechanism to control the transmission rates of traffic sources. Although the performance of the ABR service will depend critically on the quality of feedback sent by switches, the algorithms for determining this feedback are largely outside the scope of ATM standards and specifications. We describe how two of the properties implemented by the ABR source and destination, out-of-rate RM cells and a use-it-or-lose-it policy, were implicitly architectural decisions, and we explain how and why the ATM Forum ultimately revised these decisions. We then discuss how the ATM Forum addressed the issues of conformance testing, point-to-multipoint connections, and parameter negotiation for the ABR service. At the end, we reflect on the process by which the ABR specification was developed.
A Chromatographic Study of the Lewis Acid-Base Chemistry of Zirconia Surfaces (1991)

Abstract The chromatographic properties of porous microparticulate zirconium oxide surfaces in aqueous media are highly dependent upon the chemical composition of the eluent. In particular, retention is controlled by the type and concentration of “hard” Lewis bases when these species are present in the eluent. Ligand exchange is the dominant mechanism for the retention of solutes which are Lewis bases. Consequently, the capacity factor and plate height depend on both the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of whatever competing Lewis bases may be present in the eluent. These Lewis base eluent components act to control retention in two ways. They modify the net ligand exchange contribution to retention, and they serve as sites for secondary interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions between solutes and the dynamic stationary phase.
Human carbonyl reductase overexpression in the heart advances the development of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in transgenic mice. (2000)

Doxorubicinol (dxol) is the major metabolite formed in the hearts of cancer patients being treated with the widely used chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (dox). The well-documented cardiomyopathy associated with dox treatment has been studied in vitro and ex vivo providing evidence that the C-13 hydroxy metabolite, dxol, might play a key role in the development of dox-induced cardiotoxicity. In this report, we have developed transgenic mice with heart-specific expression of human carbonyl reductase (HCBR), an enzyme that metabolizes dox to dxol. Dox was rapidly converted to dxol in the hearts of the transgenic expressers, which led to advanced development of both acute and chronic cardiotoxicity. Acute cardiotoxicity was evident by a 60% increase in serum creatine kinase activity and a 5-fold increase in cardiac damage measured by electron microscopy. Myofibril degeneration was the major damage observed in acute dox toxicity. Electrocardiograph telemetry, survival data, and electron microscopy were monitored during chronic dox-induced cardiotoxicity. HCBR expressers developed cardiotoxicity 6-7 weeks before the nonexpressers. The HCBR expressers survived for 5 weeks compared with 12 weeks for the controls. Electrocardiograph profiles and necropsies showed the cause of death to be the development of cardiomyopathies leading to congestive heart failure. Levels of dxol were four times higher in the HCBR expresser hearts than in the nonexpressers. Electron microscopy data showed swelling and major structural damage of the mitochondria in the HCBR expressers. These data demonstrate that the C-13 hydroxy metabolite of dox advances the development of dox-induced cardiotoxicity in an in vivo system and suggest that heart carbonyl reductase activity may contribute to dox-induced cardiotoxicity in humans.
Translation of mRNA injected into Xenopus oocytes is specifically inhibited by antisense RNA. (1985)

The bacteriophage SP6 promoter and RNA polymerase were used to synthesize sense and antisense RNAs coding for the enzymes thymidine kinase (TK) and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). Injection of antisense CAT RNA into frog oocytes inhibited expression of sense CAT mRNA. Similarly, antisense TK RNA inhibited expression of sense TK mRNA. Antisense RNAs were stable in oocytes and had no detectable effect on either the expression of endogenous proteins or on the expression of nonhomologous RNA transcripts. CAT activity expressed from a plasmid transcribed in the oocyte nucleus was also inhibited by antisense RNA injected into the oocyte cytoplasm. The data suggest that antisense RNA will be useful in identifying the function of specific mRNA sequences during early development of the frog.
Dynamics of immunoglobulins at the feto-maternal interface (1999)

Transplacental transport of maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) to the developing fetus is extremely important in the protection of the newborn from infection. Although the exact mechanisms of the selective and active transfer of IgG across the placental barrier are not fully understood, receptors for the Fc part of IgG (FcgammaRs) in the placenta are believed to play a key role. Several known Fc receptors, FcgammaRI, FcgammaRII, FcgammaRIII and FcRn (neonatal FcR), demonstrate heterogeneous expression patterns in placenta. Immunohistochemical analysis shows the expression of FcgammaRI on Hofbauer cells in stromal tissue, FcbetaRII on Hofbauer cells and fetal blood endothelium, FcgammaRIII on Hofbauer cells and trophoblasts, and FcRn on syncytiotrophoblasts and endothelial cells. Recent studies provide evidence for important associations among these receptors and transcytosis of IgG, as well as scavenger mechanisms for clearing immune complexes in the placenta during pregnancy.
Cognitive function in fibromyalgia patients (2001)

Cognitive impairment in FM patients, particularly memory and vocabulary deficits, are documented in the study. Nevertheless, the intact performance on measures of information processing speed suggests that the cognitive deficits are not global. FM patients' complaints about their memory are likely to be legitimate, since their memory function is not age appropriate.
Designing with interactive example galleries (2010)

Designers often use examples for inspiration; examples offer contextualized instances of how form and content integrate. Can interactive example galleries bring this practice to everyday users doing design work, and does working with examples help the designs they create? This paper explores whether people can realize significant value from explicit mechanisms for designing by example modification. We present the results of three studies, finding that independent raters prefer designs created with the aid of examples, that examples may benefit novices more than experienced designers, that users prefer adaptively selected examples to random ones, and that users make use of multiple examples when creating new designs. To enable these studies and demonstrate how software tools can facilitate designing with examples, we introduce interface techniques for browsing and borrowing from a corpus of examples, manifest in the Adaptive Ideas Web design tool. Adaptive Ideas leverages a faceted metadata interface for viewing and navigating example galleries.
Visual field effects on motion sickness in cars. (2004)

It is concluded that sickness in cars is dependent on the visual scene. The minimization of sickness by the provision of visual information requires improved understanding of those factors that combine to cause and suppress sickness.
Earth Abundant Element Cu2Zn(Sn1−xGex)S4Nanocrystals for Tunable Band Gap Solar Cells: 6.8% Efficient Device Fabrication (2011)

Cu2Zn(Sn1−xGex)S4 nanocrystals have been synthesized via batch reaction in oleylamine with no additional surfactants present. The nanocrystals are knife-coated on molybdenum substrates and then selenized to form a dense layer of Cu2Zn(Sn1−xGex)(S,Se)4, which is then used as the photoabsorbing layer in a thin film solar cell. The band gaps of the nanocrystals and the resulting solar cells are demonstrated to be controlled by adjusting the Ge/(Ge+Sn) ratio of the nanocrystal synthesis precursors. Solar cells fabricated from Cu2ZnGeS4 nanocrystal films yielded a power conversion efficiency of 0.51%. However, Cu2Zn(SnxGe1−x)S4 nanocrystals with a Ge/(Ge+Sn) ratio 0.7 yielded devices with an efficiency of 6.8% when synthesized to be Cu-poor and Zn-rich. This result opens the possibility of forming Ge gradients to direct minority carriers away from high recombination interfaces and significantly improve the device efficiency of CZTSSe-based solar cells.
Current value of preimplantation genetic aneuploidy screening in IVF (2006)

Preimplantation genetic aneuploidy screening (PGS) has been performed during the last decade as a way of enhancing embryo selection in patients with an increased incidence of embryonic numerical chromosome abnormalities (advanced maternal age, recurrent miscarriage and recurrent implantation failure). It has been proposed that the replacement of euploid embryos in these patients would result in a higher implantation and pregnancy rate and a reduced miscarriage rate. Additionally, the transfer of fewer embryos could reduce the chances for multiple pregnancies in all IVF patients. Although, to date, multiple studies have addressed this issue, contradictory results have been encountered. As a result, the effectiveness of aneuploidy screening remains to be established. Moreover, child outcome studies documenting the safety of this procedure are needed. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence concerning the use of PGS to determine the current value of the technique.
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. 1. 10,11-Dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b,f]oxepinacetic acids and related compounds (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. 1. 10,11-Dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b,f]oxepinacetic acids and related compoundsYasutaka Nagai, Akira Irie, Hideo Nakamura, Katsuhiko Hino, Hitoshi Uno, and Haruki NishimuraCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1982, 25, 9, 1065–1070Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00351a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (648 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Neutrophil Infiltration of Culprit Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndromes (2002)

The observations suggest that neutrophil infiltration is actively associated with acute coronary events. The high number of NEP-positive neutrophils in ruptured plaques, compared with eroded plaques, may reflect differences in the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
Rethinking the mood and anxiety disorders: A quantitative hierarchical model for DSM-V. (2005)

The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) groups disorders into diagnostic classes on the basis of the subjective criterion of "shared phenomenological features." There are now sufficient data to eliminate this rational system and replace it with an empirically based structure that reflects the actual similarities among disorders. The existing structural evidence establishes that the mood and anxiety disorders should be collapsed together into an overarching class of emotional disorders, which can be decomposed into 3 subclasses: the bipolar disorders (bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia), the distress disorders (major depression, dysthymic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder), and the fear disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia). The optimal placement of other syndromes (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder) needs to be clarified in future research.