gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Challenges in the practical implementation of perpendicular magnetic recording (1996)

The storing of recorded bits in a perpendicular orientation holds great promise for high linear density recording systems. However, the most common embodiment of perpendicular recording (the probe head/double layer media) has several unresolved issues complicating its integration into commercial disk drives. The major issues include media relaxation, head induced media erasure, resolution limitations due to head-to-underlayer spacing constraints, and extreme sensitivity to stray magnetics fields, which are complex and highly interrelated. It is concluded that the realization of perpendicular recording in commercial disk drives will require new transducer and media designs that solve these problems.
Expression of the herpes thymidine kinase gene in Xenopus laevis oocytes: an assay for the study of deletion mutants constructed in vitro (1980)

When Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei are injected with a recombinant plasmid containing the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) thymidine kinase (tk) gene, a 100-fold increase in tk enzymatic activity is observed. Three lines of evidence show that this increase in tk activity is a result of the expression of the HSV tk gene. First, the enzymatic activity is selectively inactivated by the IgG fraction of antiserum raised against HSV tk protein. Second, a polypeptide that comigrates with authentic HSV tk on polyacrylamide gels is synthesized uniquely by oocytes injected with the HSV tk gene. Third, the induced tk activity found in injected oocytes is capable of phosphorylating deoxycytidine, a substrate that is utilized by HSV tk but not by cellular tk. We have used these observations to establish an assay for examining the activity of mutated variants of the HSV tk gene. Two sets of deletion mutants of the tk gene were constructed in vitro. In one set varying amounts of 5' flanking and intragenic sequences are deleted. The other set is deleted at the 3' end of the gene. By testing the activity of each mutant in the oocyte injection assay we have delimited functional boundaries corresponding to the 5' and 3' termini of the HSV tk gene.
Di‐ and Trivalent Lanthanide Complexes Stabilized by Sterically Demanding Aminopyridinato Ligands (2005)

Abstract Deprotonation of Ap*H {Ap*H = (2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐[6‐(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]amine} and Ap'H {Ap'H = (2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐[6‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]amine} using KH leads to polymeric [Ap*K] n and [Ap'K] n which undergo clean salt metathesis reactions with NdCl 3 in THF forming [Nd(Ap*)Cl 2 (THF) 2 ] 2 and [Nd(Ap') 2 ‐Cl(THF)], respectively. Ethylene polymerization activities of the two chloro complexes (after activation with MAO) were studied. Derivatization of the chloro compounds proceeds without ate complex formation, for instance the reaction of [Nd(Ap') 2 Cl(THF)] with one equiv. of [K{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 }] leads to the “THF‐free” silylamide [Nd(Ap') 2 {N(SiMe 3 ) 2 }]. Furthermore rare examples of heteroleptic amido‐iodo complexes of selected divalent lanthanides can be stabilized by deprotonated Ap*H. Reaction of [Ap*K] n with [LnI 2 (THF) 3 ] (Ln = Yb, Sm) in THF leads, after workup in hexane, to [Yb(Ap*)I‐(THF) 2 ] 2 and [Sm(Ap*)I(THF) 2 ] 2 . All lanthanide complexes, four of them are paramagnetic, were characterized by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. These compounds exhibit an excellent solubility in nonpolar solvents like hexane. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
X-linked borderline mental retardation with prominent behavioral disturbance: phenotype, genetic localization, and evidence for disturbed monoamine metabolism. (1993)

We have identified a large Dutch kindred with a new form of X-linked nondysmorphic mild mental retardation. All affected males in this family show very characteristic abnormal behavior, in particular aggressive and sometimes violent behavior. Other types of impulsive behavior include arson, attempted rape, and exhibitionism. Attempted suicide has been reported in a single case. The locus for this disorder could be assigned to the Xp11-21 interval between DXS7 and DXS77 by linkage analysis using markers spanning the X chromosome. A maximal multipoint lod score of 3.69 was obtained at the monoamine oxidase type A (MAOA) locus in Xp11.23-11.4. Results of 24-h urine analysis in three affected males indicated a marked disturbance of monoamine metabolism. These data are compatible with a primary defect in the structural gene for MAOA and/or monoamine oxidase type B (MAOB). Normal platelet MAOB activity suggests that the unusual behavior pattern in this family may be caused by isolated MAOA deficiency.
Cytoskeleton mediates inhibition of the fast Na+ current in respiratory brainstem neurons during hypoxia (1999)

Whole-cell Na+ currents (INa) were recorded in inspiratory neurons in a medullary slice preparation from neonatal mouse that contains the functional respiratory network. Hypoxia and metabolic poisoning with KCN rapidly inhibited INa by reducing the number of Na+ channels available for opening during depolarization. Application of agents specific for G-proteins, protein kinase C and A, intracellular Ca2+ and pH did not prevent the hypoxic inhibition of INa. The effects of hypo-osmolarity and hypoxia were additive, whereas hyperosmolarity partially prevented a subsequent hypoxic inhibition of INa. Cytochalasin B and colchicine decreased, and taxol or phalloidin increased INa and reduced its hypoxic inhibition. We conclude that cytoskeleton rearrangements during hypoxia are responsible for suppression of a fast INa in brainstem respiratory neurons, which could be mediated by the uncoupling of channel inactivation gates from cytoskeletal elements.
Specificity of the autologous neutralizing antibody response (2009)

New studies have greatly contributed toward our understanding of the specificities mediating autologous neutralization and highlighted potential vulnerabilities on transmitted viruses. However, the contribution of AnAbs to the development of neutralization breadth remains to be characterized.
Flexible Tactile Sensor Using the Reversible Deformation of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanofiber Assemblies (2012)

In this letter, we report a simple approach to fabricating scalable flexible tactile sensors using a nanofiber assembly of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Uniform P3HT nanofibers are obtained through a continuous electrospinning process using a homogeneous solution of high-molecular-weight P3HT. The P3HT nanofibers are oriented by collecting them on a rotating drum collector. Small physical inputs into the self-standing P3HT nanofiber assemblies give rise to additional contact among neighboring nanofibers, which results in decreased contact resistance in directions orthogonal to the nanofiber orientation. The P3HT nanofiber assemblies could detect pressure changes and bending angles by monitoring the resistance changes, and the sensor responses were repeatable.
Problems relating to the adoption of potentially privacy-invading technologies (2010)

The parallel trends of Moore's Law, the growth of modern telecommunications networks, and the increasing prevalence of mobile and smart devices make possible the development of a wide range of new technologies. However, some of these technologies may be perceived to threaten privacy. For example, the pervasive usage of RFID in the form of smartcards, observed widely in the world, have the potential to reveal private information without the user being aware of it (Uesugi and Okada, 2008). If this perceived threat is not addressed, adoption of potentially privacy-invading technologies (PPITs) may be low as a result and the full benefit of telecommunications networks may not be realised. Using Goldberg's (1990) Five-Factor model of personality traits, Uesugi et al. (forthcoming) investigated consumers' comfort levels with PPITs with which they are not familiar and suggest that an individual's score in the Neuroticism factor might influence their decision of whether or not to reject a potentially privacy-invading technology. Uesugi et al. concluded with a call for further analysis of issues surrounding the decision to use or to reject PPITs. One particularly important area is international comparisons to establish whether the phenomena being investigated are unique to Japan or are more generalisable. This paper therefore continues the work of Uesugi et al. by comparing parallel studies, one from Japan and one from Australia. Differences and similarities between the two studies are discussed and the implications for the adoption for PPITs are discussed.
Comparative in-vitro activity of SCH 27899, a novel eveminomicin, and vancomycin (1996)

The antibacterial activity of SCH 27899, was compared with vancomycin in vitro against 210 recent clinical isolates representing eight major genera of Gram-positive organisms. MIC90 values for everninomicin were consistently better than those of vancomycin for all Gram-positive bacteria tested. Although everninomicin was less bactericidal than vancomycin against staphylococci, it was inhibitory against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. This novel antibiotic may, therefore, provide a clinical alternative to penicillin and vancomycin for therapy of Gram-positive infections.
Activation of the JAK/STAT Pathway Leads to Proliferation of ST14A Central Nervous System Progenitor Cells (1996)

We were interested in whether central nervous system progenitor cells possess the signal transduction machinery necessary to mediate cytokine functions and whether this machinery can become activated upon stable expression of a particular cytokine receptor. For this purpose we utilized a previously obtained conditionally immortalized striatum-derived nestin-positive cell line (ST14A). We found that ST14A cells express Jak2, but not Jak1 or Tyk2. An identical pattern of expression was found in embryonic striatal tissue. To evaluate the susceptibility of these cytokine specific cytoplasmic transducers to activation, ST14A cells were stably transfected with the alpha and beta (AIC2A) chains of the murine interleukin-3 receptor. Four independent lines expressing both the alpha and beta receptor subunits were obtained. We found that cells from each of these lines were induced to proliferate upon exposure to interleukin-3. Dose response curve, antibody blocking experiments and binding studies revealed that the response was mediated by the reconstituted high affinity interleukin-3 receptor. Immunoprecipitation studies on these cells showed that Jak2 and Stat5 were being phosphorylated after stimulation of the reconstituted receptor. These results indicate that members of the JAK/STAT family of proteins are expressed in central nervous system progenitor cells and are susceptible to activation through stimulation of an exogenously expressed cytokine receptor, ultimately leading to cell proliferation.
Analysis of Trapped Charges in Dopant-Segregated Schottky Barrier-Embedded FinFET SONOS Devices (2009)

The aim of this letter is to analyze the spatial distribution of trapped charges in the type of dopant-segregated Schottky barrier (DSSB)-embedded FinFET SONOS devices used in NAND-type flash memory. Due to localized programming by carrier injection with extra kinetic energy, the spatial distribution of electrons trapped in an O/N/O layer of a DSSB SONOS device after a short time of programming differs from that in an O/N/O layer of a conventional SONOS device, which results in the degradation of subthreshold slope (SS). Note that the degraded SS recovers as the program time increases. The measured and simulated data confirm that the high speed of the programming is due largely to the localized trapped charges injected from DSSB source/drain junctions.
Differentiation of Human Monocytes into CD14 Negative Accessory Cells: Do Dendritic Cells Derive from the Monocytic Lineage? (1991)

Human peripheral-blood monocytes, when cultured in the absence of serum, are prevented to differentiate to macrophages (M phi). Instead, they develop into accessory cells which by various properties resemble dendritic cells. Signals that control development either into M phi or monocyte-derived accessory cells (m-AC) have been investigated by us. By applying such triggers, m-AC phenotypes and functions approached those known from lymphoid dendritic cells. Only the monocyte marker CD14, which is absent from dendritic cells, remained positive on m-AC as a last indicator of the monocytic origin of the cells. We now report that this most stable marker of the monocyte/M phi lineage can completely be down-regulated by combining tissue culture techniques with the inductive property of interleukin-4. Evidence has also been obtained by us that the conversion of monocytes into both m-AC and M phi represents a true differentiation, as demonstrated by the expression of the nuclear marker lamin A/C.
Toll-like receptors in innate immune recognition (2001)

Conference Abstract| October 01 2001 Toll-like receptors in innate immune recognition Ruslan Medzhitov Ruslan Medzhitov 1Howard Hughes Med Inst, Section of Immunology, PO Box 208011, Yale School of Med, PO Box 208011, New Haven, CT 06520 8011, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (2001) 29 (5): A102. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst029a102 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Ruslan Medzhitov; Toll-like receptors in innate immune recognition. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2001; 29 (5): A102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst029a102 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2001 Biochemical Society2001 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Amplification of the EGF receptor and c‐myc genes in human esophageal cancers (1988)

The incidence of esophageal cancer is extremely high in Linxian County and certain other regions of the People's Republic of China. Epidemiologic and laboratory studies suggest that N-nitroso carcinogens and other environmental factors play a causative role. In the present study, employing over 100 DNA samples obtained from Lin-xian patients who underwent surgery for esophageal cancer, we have found a significant frequency of amplification of either the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-I) gene or the c-myc oncogene. These changes were found not only in tumor specimens, but also in adjacent non-tumor (grossly normal) tissue specimens obtained from patients with esophageal cancer. RNA samples were also obtained from over 30 tissue samples. These revealed considerable variation in the abundance of HER-I and c-myc transcripts in both the tumor and adjacent non-tumor specimens. A few samples revealed extremely high levels of these transcripts. Thus, changes in gene copy number or level of expression of HER-I or c-myc DNA sequences may play an important role in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer in this high-risk region.
Very Fast Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy for Real-Time Investigation of Dynamic Events in Proteins on the Time Scale of Seconds (2005)

We demonstrate for different protein samples that 2D 1H-15N correlation NMR spectra can be recorded in a few seconds of acquisition time using a new band-selective optimized flip-angle short-transient heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence experiment. This has enabled us to measure fast hydrogen-deuterium exchange rate constants along the backbone of a small globular protein fragment by real-time 2D NMR.
Ocular Hypotensive FP Prostaglandin (PG) Analogs: PG Receptor Subtype Binding Affinities and Selectivities, and Agonist Potencies at FP and Other PG Receptors in Cultured Cells (2003)

Natural prostaglandins (PGs) such as PGD2, PGE2, PGF2(2alpha), and PGI2 exhibited the highest affinity for their respective cognate receptors, but were the least selective agents when tested in receptor binding assays. Travoprost acid ([+]-fluprostenol) was the most FP-receptor-selective compound, exhibiting a high affinity (Ki = 35 +/- 5 nM) for the FP receptor, and minimal affinity for DP (Ki = 52,000 nM), EP1 (Ki = 9540 nM), EP3 (Ki = 3501 nM), EP4 (Ki = 41,000 nM), IP (Ki > 90,000 nM), and TP (Ki = 121,000 nM) receptors. Travoprost acid was the most potent PG analog tested in FP receptor functional phosphoinositide turnover assays in the following cell types: human ciliary muscle (EC50 = 1.4 nM), human trabecular meshwork (EC50 = 3.6 nM), and mouse fibroblasts and rat aortic smooth muscle cells (EC50 = 2.6 nM). Although latanoprost acid exhibited a relatively high affinity for the FP receptor (Ki = 98 nM), it had significant functional activity at FP (EC50 = 32-124 nM) and EP1 (EC50 = 119 nM) receptors. Bimatoprost acid was less selective, exhibiting a relatively high affinity for the FP (Ki = 83 nM), EP1 (Ki = 95 nM), and EP3 (Ki = 387 nM) receptors. Bimatoprost acid exhibited functional activity at the EP1 (EC50 = 2.7 nM) and FP (EC50 = 2.8-3.8 nM in most cells) receptors. Bimatoprost (nonhydrolyzed amide) also behaved as an FP agonist at the cloned human FP receptor (EC50 = 681 nM), in h-TM (EC50 = 3245 nM) and other cell types. Unoprostone and S-1033 bound with low affinity (Ki = 5.9 microM to > 22 microM) to the FP receptor, were not selective, but activated the FP receptor. In conclusion, travoprost acid has the highest affinity, the highest FP-receptor-selectivity, and the highest potency at the FP receptor as compared to the other ocular hypotensive PG analogs known so far, including free acids of latanoprost, bimatoprost, and unoprostone isopropyl ester.
Effect of dexamethasone withdrawal on osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (2003)

Dexamethasone is capable of directing osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro, but its effects are not lineage-specific, and sustained exposure has been shown to down-regulate collagen synthesis and induce maturation of an adipocyte subpopulation within BMSC cultures. Such side effects might be reduced if dexamethasone is applied in a regimented manner, but the discrete steps in osteoblastic maturation that are stimulated by dexamethasone are not known. To examine this, dexamethasone was added to medium to initiate differentiation of rat BMSCs cultures and then removed after a varying number of days. Cell layers were analyzed for cell number, rate of collagen synthesis, expression of osteocalcin (OC), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and lipoprotein lipase (LpL), and matrix mineralization. Withdrawal of dexamethasone at 3 and 10 days was found to enhance cell number relative to continuous exposure, but did not affect to decrease collagen synthesis slightly. Late markers of osteoblastic differentiation, BSP expression and matrix mineralization, were also sensitive to dexamethasone and increased systematically with exposure while LpL systematically decreased. These results indicate that dexamethasone acts at both early and late stages to direct proliferative osteoprogenitor cells toward terminal maturation.
Synthetic DNA Aptamers to Detect Protein Molecular Variants in a High‐Throughput Fluorescence Quenching Assay (2003)

Real-time protein detection in homogeneous solutions is necessary in many biotechnology and biomedical studies. The recent development of molecular aptamers, combined with fluorescence techniques, may provide an easy and efficient approach to protein elucidation. This report describes the development of a fluorescence-based assay with synthetic DNA aptamers that can detect and distinguish molecular variants of proteins in biological samples in a high-throughput process. We used an aptamer with high affinity for the B chain of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), labeled it with a fluorophore and a quencher at the two termini, and measured fluorescence quenching by PDGF. The specific quenching can be used to detect PDGF at picomolar concentrations even in the presence of serum and other cell-derived proteins in cell culture media. This is the first successful application of a synthetic aptamer for the detection of tumor-related proteins directly from the tumor cells. We also show that three highly related molecular variants of PDGF (AA, AB, and BB dimers) can be distinguished from one another in this single-step assay, which can be readily adapted to a microtiter plate assay for high-throughput analysis. The use of fluorescence quenching as a measure of binding between the DNA probe and the target protein eliminates potential false signals that may arise in traditional fluorescence enhancement assays as a result of degradation of the DNA aptamer by contaminating nucleases in biological specimens. This assay is applicable to proteins that are not naturally DNA binding. The excellent specificity, ultrahigh sensitivity, and simplicity of this one-step assay addresses a growing need for high-throughput methods that detect changes in the expression of gene products and their variants in cell cultures and biological specimens.
Performance trade-offs with quasi-linearly amplified OFDM through a two-branch combining technique (2002)

It is reasonable to expect that the emerging integrated broadband communication technologies, initially intended for optical fibre or cable transmission, will also be available for wireless transmission, within high bit rate radio local area networks. It is currently recognized that multicarrier modulation schemes, also known as OFDM schemes (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing), offer many advantages for signalling at high data rates over time dispersive channels. However, they exhibit strong envelope fluctuations, which implies power amplification difficulties. We evaluate performance trade-offs with a two-branch combining technique for "quasi-linear" power amplification of OFDM signals.
The Total Condylar Knee Prosthesis (1979)

The total condylar knee prosthesis evolved from previous experience with other prostheses at the Hospital for Special Surgery. This evolution includes patellar resurfacing. Subsequent modifications have led to the total condylar knee prosthesis II (a cruciate substituting prosthesis), and the total condylar knee prosthesis III (a TCP II with increased constraint). The surgical technique requires ligamentous balance with correction of preoperative deformity by a soft-tissue release. Subsequently a standard operation is performed. Four hundred and sixty-one knees were reviewed with a minimum of one year follow-up and a maximum of 5 years. Seventy-five per cent were osteoarthritic knees. Using the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Rating Scale, the results were excellent in 312 knees (68%), good in 109 knees (23.5%), fair in 18 knees (4%) and poor in 22 knees (4.5%). Osteoarthritic knees (excellent or good 93.5%) did slightly better than rheumatoid knees (excellent or good 87%). Complications include 6 infections, 6 subluxations and 10 cases of component loosening. There were 15 reoperations (3%). The results approach total hip arthroplasty in quality and so far have not deteriorated with time.