gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum Testosterone Measurements (1984)

Serum testosterone and especially free testosterone is one of the parameters commonly used to evaluate androgen excess or deficiency. The authors equilibrated serum samples with 14C-labeled testosterone followed by an ammonium sulfate precipitation to compare the "apparent free testosterone concentration" with "total" serum testosterone concentration in the following populations: normal males and females; females presenting with gynecologic problems, particularly hirsutism and/or virilization; and males and females on maintenance hemodialysis. Total serum testosterone for each specimen was assayed with five different commercially available RIA kits encompassing a variety of technics: direct assay technics, assays utilizing extraction procedures prior to RIA; tritium-labeled tracer as well as iodine-labeled tracers. Clinical correlations improve strikingly when apparent free testosterone concentrations rather than total serum testosterone concentrations are used.
Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus DNA and RNA in Semen by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (1991)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and semen of 23 men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were examined for the presence of HIV DNA and RNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a nonisotopic detection assay. None of the men was receiving antiretroviral therapy at the time of collection. Semen samples were separated into cell-free seminal fluid, nonspermatozoal mononuclear cells (NSMC), and spermatozoa. All of the PBMC samples, 17 (74%) of 23 NSMC samples, and none of the spermatozoal samples were positive for HIV gag gene DNA. Of 23 cell-free seminal fluid samples, 15 (65%) were positive for HIV gag gene RNA by PCR. Cell-free HIV RNA was more likely to be present in the semen of men with less than 400 than in those with greater than or equal to 400 cells/mm3 (P less than .04) and was present in all patient with p24 antigen in serum. The presence of HIV DNA in NSMC samples was not related to CD4 cell count, disease status, or the presence of p24 antigen in the serum. This study shows that HIV nucleic acid can be detected by PCR in either the cell-free seminal fluid or NSMC of 87% of semen samples but not in the DNA of spermatozoa from HIV-infected men.
The Echinoderm Immune System (1994)

In summary, the characters of the echinoderm immune system that we review here can be considered to illuminate the baseline nonadaptive immune systems that were our original deuterostome heritage. We still retain--and greatly rely upon--similarly functioning, nonadaptive cellular defense systems. It is worth stressing that sea urchins are long lived, normally healthy animals that display remarkable abilities to heal wounds and combat major infections. From an external point of view, their immune systems obviously work very well. Thus, their cellular defense systems are extremely sensitive, and they respond rapidly to minor perturbations, all without any specific adaptive capabilities. These systems probably function through the transduction of signals conveying information on injury and infection, just as do the equivalent systems that underlie and back up our own adaptive immune systems, and that provide the initial series of defenses against pathogenic invasions. Many extremely interesting questions remain regarding the evolution of the deuterostome immune response. Are the echinoderm and tunicate systems the same, or have the protochordates augmented the basic phagocyte system with an as yet unidentified chordate-like character? Do the jawless fishes produce Igs that would make them similar to the sharks, or are they vertebrates without an Ig system that essentially rely on an invertebrate-like, nonspecific, activated phagocyte type of immune system? How do sharks regulate their immune system without T cells and MHC class I? How do they avoid producing autoantibodies? Future research will not only answer these questions, but those answers will also be enlightening with regard to the origins of the mammalian immune system in which ancient functions and subsystems remain.
Examination of Peak Power Dependence in the UV Inactivation of Bacterial Spores (2001)

ABSTRACT We examine whether the rate of delivery of photons from a UV radiation source has an effect on the inactivation of spores. We directly compare the output of a high-peak-power UV laser source at 248 nm to a low-power continuous lamp source (254 nm) in the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores. The two UV sources differ by a factor of 10 8 in peak power. Contrary to previous reports, no clear differences in spore survival were observed.
Intersection of the RNA Interference and X-Inactivation Pathways (2008)

In mammals, dosage compensation is achieved by X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in the female. The noncoding Xist gene initiates silencing of the X chromosome, whereas its antisense partner Tsix blocks silencing. The complementarity of Xist and Tsix RNAs has long suggested a role for RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we report that murine Xist and Tsix form duplexes in vivo. During XCI, the duplexes are processed to small RNAs (sRNAs), most likely on the active X (Xa) in a Dicer-dependent manner. Deleting Dicer compromises sRNA production and derepresses Xist. Furthermore, without Dicer, Xist RNA cannot accumulate and histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation is blocked on the inactive X (Xi). The defects are partially rescued by truncating Tsix. Thus, XCI and RNAi intersect, down-regulating Xist on Xa and spreading silencing on Xi.
Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles: Novel mutations in the GNE gene (2002)

The authors present three novel missense mutations in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) gene, the causative gene for hereditary inclusion body myopathy, in Japanese patients with distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles. Seven out of nine patients had homozygous V572L mutation, one was a compound heterozygote with C303V and V572L mutations, and the remaining patient bore homozygous A631V mutation.
Firefly luciferase gene transmission and expression in transgenic medaka (Oryzias latipes). (1993)

Plasmids containing the luciferase gene from the firefly (Photinus pyralis) fused to the Chinese hamster metallothioneine I promoter (ChMTI) were microinjected into the pronuclei of medaka (Oryzias latipes) eggs, which were then artificially inseminated. Evidence of integration into the genome was gained from observation of germ-line transmission in a mendelian fashion from the F1 to the F2 generation. However, gene expression (light emission) could not be demonstrated in the established transgenic line. In a separate program, transient expression of gene constructs containing the luciferase gene fused to various promoters was compared in medaka embryos. Plasmids were microinjected into pronuclei, and homogenates from 3-day-old embryos were measured for light emission using a luminometer. Among the various promoters tested (SV40, RSV-LTR, ChMTI, HSP70, and mouse albumin), the highest levels of luciferase gene expression were observed in gene constructs containing ChMTI and HSP70 gene promoters. Expression in these two constructs was significantly increased following administration of ZnSO4 or heat treatment, respectively. Plasmids were also introduced into goldfish fibroblast-like cells in vitro, in which enzymatically active luciferase was transiently expressed. Assaying for expression of luciferase provided a rapid and sensitive method for monitoring promoter activity. The potential usefulness of this fish species for cancer research is discussed based on accumulated information from carcinogenesis studies.
Stereoselective “Pinacol” Coupling of 2,3-O-Isopropylidene-d-glyceraldehyde (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTStereoselective "Pinacol" Coupling of 2,3-O-Isopropylidene-d-glyceraldehydeMichael C. Barden and Jeffrey SchwartzView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1009Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 21, 7520–7521Publication Date (Web):October 17, 1997Publication History Received4 June 1997Published online17 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo970974ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo970974ibrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views714Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Dissociation,Inorganic compounds,Oligomers,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Distribution and cloning of eukaryotic mRNAs by means of differential display: refinements and optimization (1993)

Differential display has been developed as a tool to detect and characterize altered gene expression in eukaryotic cells. The basic principle is to systematically amplify messenger RNAs and then distribute their 3' termini on a denaturing polyacrylamide gel. Here we provide methodological details and examine in depth the specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility of the method. We show that the number of anchored oligo-dT primers can be reduced from twelve to four that are degenerate at the penultimate base from the 3' end. We also demonstrate that using optimized conditions described here, multiple RNA samples from related cells can be displayed simultaneously. Therefore process-specific rather than cell-specific genes could be more accurately identified. These results enable further streamlining of the technique and make it readily applicable to a broad spectrum of biological systems.
DNA and protein sequence analysis : a practical approach (1997)

1.: Molecular biology databases. 2.: The NCBI software tools. 3.: EBI databases and tools. 4.: Networked services. 5.: DNA sequencing methodology and software. 6.: Molecular biology software for the Apple Macintosh. 7.: Sequence comparison and alignment. 8.: Simple sequences of protein and DNA. 9.: Repetitive sequences in DNA. 10.: Isochores and synonymous substitutions in mammalian genes. 11.: Identifying genes in genomic DNA sequences. 12.: Prediction of mRNA sequence function. 13.: Forecasting protein function. 14.: DNA and RNA structure prediction. 15.: Phylogenetic estimation. 16.: Evolution and relationships of protein families
A Novel Stereospecific Synthesis of Glycosyl Cyanides from 1,2-O-Sulfinyl Derivatives (2004)

[reaction: see text] An efficient synthesis of 1,2-trans-glycosyl cyanides via 1,2-O-sulfinyl monosaccharides is described. Such S(N)2-type displacements at the anomeric center are stereospecific and are best performed with sodium cyanide in the presence of ytterbium triflate. Significantly, the resulting 1,2-trans-glycosyl cyanides have a free hydroxyl group at C-2 ready for further modification.
Neural computing in geophysics (1991)

The 17th century philosopher-mathematician Rene Descartes offered the statement “Cogito, ergo sum” or “I think, therefore I am” as proof of his personal existence. While modern computers using artificial intelligence technologies cannot match Descartes’ profundity, they are beginning to mimic some endeavors previously thought to be completely restricted to the human domain. Neural computing is one area of artificial intelligence that has recently left the laboratory and is being used to solve real and practical problems in geophysics and geology. In this article, we explore the history, operation, and current status of neural computing, and discuss some applications of this new technology.
Prolonged use of heat and moisture exchangers does not affect device efficiency or frequency rate of nosocomial pneumonia (2000)

Changing the hydrophobic or hygroscopic HME after 3 days does not diminish efficiency, increase resistance, or alter bacterial colonization. The frequency rate of nosocomial pneumonia was also unchanged. Use of HMEs for >24 hrs, up to 72 hrs, is safe and cost effective.
Inorganic Semiconductors for Flexible Electronics (2007)

Abstract This article reviews several classes of inorganic semiconductor materials that can be used to form high‐performance thin‐film transistors (TFTs) for large area, flexible electronics. Examples ranging from thin films of various forms of silicon to nanoparticles and nanowires of compound semiconductors are presented, with an emphasis on methods of depositing and integrating thin films of these materials into devices. Performance characteristics, including both electrical and mechanical behavior, for isolated transistors as well as circuits with various levels of complexity are reviewed. Collectively, the results suggest that flexible or printable inorganic materials may be attractive for a range of applications not only in flexible but also in large‐area electronics, from existing devices such as flat‐panel displays to more challenging (in terms of both cost and performance requirements) systems such as large area radiofrequency communication devices, structural health monitors, and conformal X‐ray imagers.
Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Carotene and Lutein from Leaf Protein Concentrates (1988)

ABSTRACT Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide was used to extract carotene and lutein from leaf protein concentrate (LPC). Extractions were performed using pressures of 10‐70 MPa at 40°C and CO 2 flow rates of 5‐6 L/min. Over 90% of the carotene contained in LPC was removed at extraction pressures in excess of 30 MPa. Removal of lutein from LPC required higher extraction pressures (70 MPa) and gas volumes to attain a 70% recovery level. Experimental results were rationalized with the aid of solubility parameter theory. The described process offers the possibility of obtaining a selective extraction of natural colorants, free of solvent residuals, which can be used as food dyes.
Neonatal calf diarrhoea: identification of a reovirus-like (rotavirus) agent in faeces by immunofluorescence and immune electron microscopy. (1976)

SUMMARY A reovirus-like agent was identified in faeces from neonatal calf diarrhoea by immunofluorescence of infected cell cultures and immune electron microscopy; specimens from natural cases in field outbreaks and from experimental animals were examined by both tests. Of the 74 faecal samples examined, 88 per cent of the results from the two tests agreed in diagnosing the presence or absence of the virus.
SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM AND DIFFERENCES IN ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR IN A COLLEGE STUDENT POPULATION (2003)

In this Caucasian sample, the 5-HTTLPR strongly influences alcohol consumption in late pubescence.
Study on call model of advanced intelligent network for controlling B-ISDN (2002)

In the B-ISDN multimedia communication age, the advanced IN is useful for producing and customizing various network services. This paper explains an advanced IN call model for controlling B-ISDN point-to-multipoint connections with a simple extension from the IN CS-1 call model, which has been recommended by the ITU-T. It also describes the architecture of our experimental system, which was used to implement the proposed call model.
A Light‐Activated Olefin Metathesis Catalyst Equipped with a Chromatic Orthogonal Self‐Destruct Function (2015)

A sulfur-chelated photolatent ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst has been equipped with supersilyl protecting groups on the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. The silyl groups function as an irreversible chromatic kill switch, thus decomposing the catalyst when it is irradiated with 254 nm UV light. Therefore, different types of olefin metathesis reactions may be started by irradiation with 350 nm UV light and prevented by irradiation with shorter wavelengths. The possibility to induce and impede catalysis just by using light of different frequencies opens the pathway for stereolithographic applications and novel light-guided chemical sequences.
The gene (aroK) encoding shikimate kinase I fromEscherichia coli. (1995)

Shikimate kinase I (SKI), encoded by the aroK gene, converts shikimate to shikimate 3-phosphate, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids. This paper provides evidence that the E. coli aroK reading frame is in a different place to that reported previously and presents a predicted SKI sequence of 173 residues and a molecular mass of 19.5 kDa. The translational start point of aroK is some 84 bp downstream of the site proposed earlier and the reading frame ends 169 bp beyond the stop site reported in the previous sequence. The SKI sequence reported here more closely resembles those from other organisms and the predicted molecular mass approximates more closely that determined by experiment.
Fixation of metatarsal fracture with bone plate in a dromedary heifer (2013)

An oblique fracture of the distal third of the right metatarsus in a three-year-old dromedary heifer weighing about 300 kilograms was immobilized with a 4.5 mm broad-webbed 12-hole dynamic compression bone plate and two interfragmental compression screws. The animal showed slight lameness after 16 weeks of surgery that disappeared after removal of the plate. The result was quite encouraging and the fracture healed in 16 weeks without major complications. It is concluded that the fracture of this bone can be successfully handled with bone plating at least in young, light weight animals.
Computerized Scheme for the Detection of Pulmonary Nodules (1992)

To aid radiologists in the detection of lung cancer, the authors are developing a computer-aided diagnosis system that locates areas suspicious for nodules in digital chest radiographs. The system involves a difference-image approach and various feature-extraction techniques. The authors describe nonlinear filters used in the difference-image approach. A morphological open operation and a ring-shaped median filter are applied in the difference-image step for signal enhancement and signal suppression, respectively. Using 60 clinical chest radiographs, the nonlinear filtering method detected approximately 63% of actual nodules with approximately 19 false-positive results per image. The locations of the false-positive detections, however, usually did not coincide with those from the linear filtering method. Thus, by using a combination of the detections from the two methods, the false-positive rate was reduced to two to three per image at a sensitivity of 60%.
Synthesis of enantioenriched sulfoxides (2011)

This review discusses strategies for the asymmetric synthesis of sulfoxides, compounds with many applications in stereoselective synthesis and in some cases with pharmaceutical application. The review describes asymmetric oxidation, including metal catalyzed and nonmetal and biological oxidation processes, in addition to synthetic approaches via nucleophilic substitution of appropriately substituted precursors. Kinetic resolution in oxidation of sulfoxides to the analogous sulfones is also discussed; in certain instances, access to enantioenriched sulfoxides can be achieved via a combination of asymmetric sulfide oxidation and complementary kinetic resolution in sulfoxide oxidation.
A Three-Step Procedure for Asymmetric Catalytic Reductive Amidation of Ketones (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Three-Step Procedure for Asymmetric Catalytic Reductive Amidation of KetonesMark J. Burk, Guy Casy, and Nicholas B. JohnsonView Author Information Chirotech Technology Ltd. and Chiroscience R&D Ltd., Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 4WE, U.K. Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 18, 6084–6085Publication Date (Web):August 20, 1998Publication History Received20 May 1998Published online20 August 1998Published inissue 1 September 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9809332https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9809332rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4713Altmetric-Citations193LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrogenation,Ketones,Organic reactions,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Muir-Torre Syndrome – Treatment with Isotretinoin and Interferon Alpha-2a Can Prevent Tumour Development (2000)

Muir-Torre syndrome is a genodermatosis in which multiple internal malignancies are associated with cutaneous sebaceous tumours and kerato-acanthomas. A 57-year-old man presented with multiple sebaceous tumours, kerato-acanthomas, verrucous carcinoma of the nose, renal cell and transitional cell carcinomas of the left kidney, adenoma of the colon and a positive family history of colon carcinoma. He was treated with interferon (IFN-alpha2a) s.c. 3 x 10(6) U three times a week along with 50 mg isotretinoin daily as well as topical isotretinoin gel. During a follow-up of 29 months, only 1 sebaceous skin tumour developed and was removed, whereas more than 30 such skin tumours had been surgically removed during the last 3 years. No evidence of internal tumour development or recurrence was found. The combination of IFN with retinoids seems to be of promise to prevent tumour development in Muir-Torre syndrome.