gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-high frame rate focal plane image sensor and processor (2002)

Application examples of a fully-programmable analogic focal plane array processor are introduced. One mixed-signal sensory/processing chip is presented, which is capable of capturing, processing, and evaluating over 10,000 images in a second. Morphological analysis of silhouettes and sparks were carried out and real-time decision making was performed running at this extraordinary high frame-rate.
Chronic heroin and cocaine abuse is associated with decreased serum concentrations of the nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (2007)

Chronic cocaine and heroin users display a variety of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctions including impaired attention, learning, memory, reaction time, cognitive flexibility, impulse control and selective processing. These findings suggest that these drugs may alter normal brain functions and possibly cause neurotoxicity. Neurotrophins are a class of proteins that serve as survival factors for CNS neurons. In particular, nerve growth factor (NGF) plays an important role in the survival and function of cholinergic neurons while brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in synaptic plasticity and in the maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons. In the present study, we measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) the NGF and BDNF levels in serum of three groups of subjects: heroin-dependent patients, cocaine-dependent patients and healthy volunteers. Our goal was to identify possible change in serum neurotrophins in heroin and cocaine users. BDNF was decreased in heroin users whereas NGF was decreased in both heroin and cocaine users. These findings indicate that NGF and BDNF may play a role in the neurotoxicity and addiction induced by these drugs. In view of the neurotrophin hypothesis of schizophrenia the data also suggest that reduced level of neurotrophins may increase the risk of developing psychosis in drug users.
CGI Developers Guide (1996)

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) constitute one of the most diverse and ecologically significant groups of phytoplankton, comprising 100,000-200,000 species in three classes Bacillariophyceae, Mediophyceae, and Coscinodiscophyceae. However, due to the limited resolution of common molecular markers including 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS, <i>rbcL</i>, and <i>cox1</i>, diatom biodiversity has not been adequately ascertained. Organelle genomes including mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) have been proposed to be "super barcodes" for distinguishing diatom species because of their rich genomic content, and the rapid progress of DNA sequencing technologies that has made it possible to construct mtDNAs with increasing throughout and decreasing cost. Here, we constructed complete mtDNAs of 15 diatom species including five Coscinodiscophyceae species (<i>Guinardia delicatula</i>, <i>Guinardia striata</i>, <i>Stephanopyxis turris</i>, <i>Paralia sulcata</i>, and <i>Actinocyclus</i> sp.), four Mediophyceae species (<i>Hemiaulus sinensis</i>, <i>Odontella aurita var. minima</i>, <i>Lithodesmioides</i> sp., and <i>Helicotheca tamesis</i>), and six Bacillariophyceae species (<i>Nitzschia ovalis</i>, <i>Nitzschia</i> sp., <i>Nitzschia traheaformis</i>, <i>Cylindrotheca closterium</i>, <i>Haslea tsukamotoi</i>, and <i>Pleurosigma</i> sp.) to test the practicality of using mtDNAs as super barcodes. We found that mtDNAs have much higher resolution compared to common molecular markers as expected. Comparative analysis of mtDNAs also suggested that mtDNAs are valuable in evolutionary studies by revealing extensive genome rearrangement events with gene duplications, gene losses, and gains and losses of introns. Synteny analyses of mtDNAs uncovered high conservation among species within an order, but extensive rearrangements including translocations and/or inversions between species of different orders within a class. Duplication of <i>cox1</i> was discovered for the first time in diatoms in <i>Nitzschia traheaformis</i> and <i>Haslea tsukamotoi</i>. Molecular dating analysis revealed that the three diatom classes split 100 Mya and many diatom species appeared since 50 Mya. In conclusion, more diatom mtDNAs representing different orders will play great dividends to explore biodiversity and speciation of diatoms in different ecological regions.
Microheterogeneity of Neisseria lipooligosaccharide: analysis of a UDP-glucose 4-epimerase mutant of Neisseria meningitidis NMB (1995)

Neisseria meningitidis is the etiologic agent of epidemic bacterial meningitis. Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is a principal virulence factor associated with the organism, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of LOS has demonstrated that there is considerable microheterogeneity in the molecule. To begin our understanding of the nature of this heterogeneity, we identified a Tn916-generated LOS mutant of N. meningitidis NMB (serotype L3, monoclonal antibodies 3F11+, 6B4+, and 4C4-) that was designated NMB-SS3 (monoclonal antibodies 3F11-, 6B4-, and 4C4+). The transposon insertion was localized to the amino terminus of the functional copy of the UDP-Glc 4-epimerase gene (galE). UDP-Glc 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) activity was present in N. meningitidis NMB but not in NMB-SS3, indicating that the Tn916 insertion had abolished this activity. Mass spectrometric analysis of the LOS from strain NMB revealed multiple species of LOS, which is consistent with extensive microheterogeneity. While the most predominant structure was consistent with a terminal lacto-N-neotetrose structure found in other strains of N. meningitidis, Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc beta 1-->3Gal beta 1-->4Glc-->(GlcNAc)-->Hep2PEA-->KDO2 (where Hep is heptose, PEA is phosphoethanolamine, and KDO is 2-keto-3-deoxymannooctulosonic acid), structures containing repetitive hexoses which are not precursors of this structure were also identified. Compositional analysis of LOS from strain NMB-SS3 revealed that there were no galactoses present in the structure. Mass spectrometric analysis of O-deacylated LOS revealed the presence of multiple species, with the predominant LOS species in this mutant strain formed by the Hex-->(HexNAc)-->Hep2PEA-->KDO2 (where Hex is hexose and HexNAc is N-acetylhexosamine) structure. However, LOS structures with repetitive hexoses, e.g., Hexn-->(HexNAc)-->Hep2PEA-->KDO2 (n = 2, 3, or 4), emanating from one or both heptoses were also identified. Since this mutant cannot synthesize UDP-Gal, these structures must repetitive glucoses. These data suggest that NMB has a glycosyltransferase capable of polymerizing glucose moieties as an alternative biosynthetic pathway to the wild-type lacto-N-neotetrose structure.
Electronic catalogs (1995)

Article Free Access Share on Electronic catalogs: a technology overview and survey results Authors: Arie Segev Fisher Center for Information Technology & Management, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley Fisher Center for Information Technology & Management, Haas School of Business, University of California, BerkeleyView Profile , Dadong Wan Fisher Center for Information Technology & Management, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley Fisher Center for Information Technology & Management, Haas School of Business, University of California, BerkeleyView Profile , Caroline Beam Fisher Center for Information Technology & Management, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley Fisher Center for Information Technology & Management, Haas School of Business, University of California, BerkeleyView Profile Authors Info & Claims CIKM '95: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Information and knowledge managementDecember 1995 Pages 11–18https://doi.org/10.1145/221270.221284Published:02 December 1995Publication History 17citation718DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations17Total Downloads718Last 12 Months26Last 6 weeks7 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A Mutant of Escherichia coli That Requires High Concentrations of Biotin (1972)

A recessive mutation (bir) of E. coli, at 77 min on the standard map, destroys ability of the bacteria to take up biotin or to grow except at high concentrations of biotin. In a biotin prototroph, the bir mutation causes overproduction and excretion of biotin, and derepression of at least one biosynthetic gene (bioD). Growth of the bir mutant is inhibited by avidin or high concentrations of dethiobiotin. Both effects are reversed by biotin.
On the chemical mechanism of surface enhanced Raman scattering: Experiment and theory (1998)

We have investigated the chemical mechanism of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on an atomically smooth metal surface using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and molecular spectroscopy simulations. The EEL spectra of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) adsorbed on Cu(100) and Cu(111) are reported. Simulations of the surface-enhanced Raman spectra and electron energy loss spectra (EELS) of pyromellitic dianhydride adsorbed on Cu(100) and Cu(111) are reported. The surface enhanced Raman spectra [J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92, 4775 (1996)] and the EEL spectra are shown to be sensitive to crystal face. The relevant excited state observed in the EEL spectrum is not intrinsic to molecular PMDA, but results from chemisorption. The Raman spectra are sensitive to the incident laser polarization on both the (100) and (111) surfaces but in different ways. These observations are shown to be a result of the excited state potential energy surface having different shape, and the respective transition dipole moment having a different orientation on the two crystal faces. The nuclear coordinate dependence of the electronic transition dipole moment produces mode selective, polarization dependent Raman scattering cross sections. Based upon this observation we conclude that the transition dipole moment function that couples the ground electronic state to the resonant excited electronic state is also sensitive to the structure of the metal surface.
Interleukin 6 is a differentiation factor for human megakaryocytes in vitro (1990)

The response of cells of the megakaryocytic lineage to interleukin 6 (IL6), a cytokine with multiple biological activities, was studied by adding the factor to human bone marrow (BM) cultures. IL6 alone had no effect on megakaryocytic colony formation in methylcellulose; however, in the presence of maximally stimulating concentrations of IL 3, almost a twofold increment in colony formation was observed. Tritiated thymidine suicide studies of BM incubated for 2 h with growth factors showed that almost one-half of megakaryocytic progenitors (CFU-Mk) preincubated with IL3 or IL3 plus IL6 were in S phase, whereas BM incubated with IL6 alone was similar to control (approximately 24% of CFU-Mk in S phase). When greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml of IL6 was added to liquid suspension cultures of BM, the size of individual megakaryocytes was significantly augmented compared with that seen in control cultures. Moreover, the DNA content of megakaryocytes grown in the presence of IL6 was increased (modal ploidy 16N) compared with cultures grown with IL3 (modal ploidy 8N). To determine if the effect of IL6 could be direct rather than mediated via accessory BM cells, the factor was added to cultures of isolated single megakaryocytes. Seventy-one percent of cells increased in diameter in the presence of IL6, while only 27% increased in size in the absence of the factor. The data show that IL6 is a direct maturation factor for human megakaryocytes, promoting increments in size and ploidy of these cells.
An Improved Chiral Stationary Phase for the Chromatographic Separation of Underivatized Naproxen Enantiomers (1992)

Abstract A mechanistic rationalization of the ability of a recently developed chiral stationary phase (CSP) to separate the enantiomers of underivatized naproxen (as well as a number of other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) suggested that an analog of this CSP containing a shortened tether might afford greater enantioselectivity. This is indeed die case. A separation factor of 2.93 obtained at room temperature with this CSP is the greatest enantioselectivity reported to date for the differential complexation of naproxen enantiomers by a synthetic selector.
The N‐terminal region of an endoglucanase from Pseudomonas fluorescens subspecies cellulosa constitutes a cellulose‐binding domain that is distinct from the catalytic centre (1990)

The substrate specificity of an endoglucanase (EGB) from Pseudomonas fluorescens subspecies cellulosa was determined. The enzyme was most active against barley beta-glucan, but showed significant activity against amorphous and crystalline cellulose. EGB was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography with crystalline cellulose (Avicel). The Mr of the purified enzyme was 50,000, which is in good agreement with the size of EGB deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the celB gene, coding for EGB. The N-terminal region of the mature form of EGB showed strong homology to another endoglucanase and to a xylanase expressed by the same organism; homologous sequences included highly conserved serine-rich regions. Truncated forms of celB, in which the gene sequence encoding the conserved domain had been deleted, directed the synthesis of a functional endoglucanase that did not bind to crystalline cellulose. This indicates that the conserved region of endoglucanases and xylanases expressed by P. fluorescens subsp. cellulosa constitutes a cellulose-binding domain, which is distinct from the active centre. The possible role of this substrate-binding region is discussed.
Synthesis of plus strands of retroviral DNA in cells infected with avian sarcoma virus and mouse mammary tumor virus (1981)

The vast majority of plus strands synthesized in quail cells acutely infected with avian sarcoma virus were subgenomic in size, generally less than 3 kilobases (kb). A series of discrete species could be identified after agarose gel electrophoresis by annealing with various complementary DNAs, indicating specificity in the initiation and termination of plus strands. The first plus strand to appear (within 2 h postinfection) was similar in length to the long redundancy at the ends of linear DNA (0.35 kb), and it annealed with complementary DNAs specific for the 3' and 5' termini of viral RNA (Varmus et al., J. Mol. Biol. 120:50-82, 1978). Several subgenomic plus-strand fragments (0.94, 1.38, 2.3, and 3.4 kb) annealed with these reagents. At least the 0.94- and 1.38-kb strands were located at the same end of linear DNA as the 0.35-kb strand, indicating that multiple specific sites for initiation were employed to generate strands which overlapped on the structural map. We were unable to detect RNA liked to plus strands isolated as early as 2.5 h postinfection; thus, the primers must be short (fewer than 50 to 100 nucleotides), rapidly removed, or not composed of RNA. To determine whether multiple priming events are a general property of retroviral DNA synthesis in vivo, we also examined plus strands of mouse mammary tumor virus DNA in chronically infected rat cells after induction of RNA and subsequent DNA synthesis with dexamethasone. In this case, multiple, discrete subgenomic DNA plus strands were not found when the same methods applied to avian sarcoma virus DNA were used; instead, the plus strands present in the linear DNA of mouse mammary tumor virus fell mainly into two classes: (i) strands of ca. 1.3 kb which appeared early in synthesis and were similar in size and genetic content to the terminally repeated sequence in linear DNA; and (ii) plus strands of the same length as linear DNA. A heterogeneous population of other strands diminished with time, was not found in completed molecules, and was probably composed of strands undergoing elongation. These two retroviruses thus appear to differ with respect to both the number of priming sites used for the synthesis of plus strands and the abundance of full-length plus strands. On the other hand the major subgenomic plus strand of mouse mammary tumor virus DNA (1.3 kb) is probably the functional homolog of a major subgenomic plus strand of avian sarcoma virus DNA (0.35 kb). The significance of this plus strand species is discussed in the context of current models which hold that it is used as a template for the completion of the minus strand, thereby generating the long terminal redundancy.
Evaluation of hyperbaric oxygen for diabetic wounds: a prospective study. (1997)

The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) on the healing of diabetic lower extremity wounds. Ten consecutive insulin-dependent diabetic patients with chronic lower extremity wounds were referred for HBO2 treatment. The control group consisted of five patients, two claustrophobic and three rural. The latter refused HBO2 treatments because of logistic reasons. Five patients underwent 30 HBO2 treatments in the problem wound protocol (100% oxygen, 2 atm abs, 2 h/day, 5 days/wk). All patients were evaluated with transcutaneous oxygen measurements and had an initial surgical debridement of the wound. Weekly tracings of the wound surface area were made by a nurse or resident who was blinded to the group assignment. At the end of 7 wk, the mean wound area expressed as a percentage of pretreatment baseline area was compared between groups (analysis of variance, Duncan's post hoc). No significant differences were noted between groups with respect to age, gender, baseline wound area, wound site O2 tension, or presence of osteomyelitis. At the completion of each of the 7-wk treatment periods, a significantly greater reduction in wound surface area was noted in the HBO2 vs. the control group (P < 0.05). HBO2 treatment significantly reduced wound size compared to controls in this small, non-randomized prospective study. These results should serve as a basis for larger multicenter prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled studies to definitively evaluate the effect of HBO2 on the healing of diabetic foot wounds.
Large Magnetic Kerr Rotation in BiMn Alloy (1954)

Ferromagnetic domains in BiMn crystallites are found to be easily observed by utilizing plane polarized light in reflection. A crystallite viewed parallel to the ${c}_{0}$ axis shows a characteristic "rick rack" or zigzag pattern of domains as a stable configuration in zero field. Magnetic domain patterns reminiscent of spiral surface growth are observed. The large magneto-optic rotation is thought to be due to the high resistivity of BiMn alloy.
In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of IgG-derived Treg Epitopes (Tregitopes): A Promising New Tool for Tolerance Induction and Treatment of Autoimmunity (2012)

Tregitopes are regulatory T cell epitopes derived from immunoglobulin G (IgG) that stimulate CD25(+) FoxP3(+) T cells to expand. In conjunction with these Tregs, Tregitopes can prevent, treat, and even cure autoimmune disease in mouse models, suppress allo-specific responses in murine transplant models, inhibit CD8(+) T cell responses to recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer vectors, and induce adaptive Tregs in DO11.10 mice. In this review of recent Tregitope studies, we summarize their effects in vitro and describe recent comparisons between intravenous IgG (IVIG) and Tregitopes in standard in vivo immune tolerance models. Further investigations of the mechanism of action of Tregitopes in the preclinical models described here will lead to clinical trials where Tregitopes may have the potential to alter the treatment of autoimmune disease, transplantation, and allergy, and to improve the efficiency of gene and protein replacement therapies.
Database-friendly random projections (2001)

A classic result of Johnson and Lindenstrauss asserts that any set of n points in d-dimensional Euclidean space can be embedded into k-dimensional Euclidean space where k is logarithmic in n and independent of d so that all pairwise distances are maintained within an arbitrarily small factor. All known constructions of such embeddings involve projecting the n points onto a random k-dimensional hyperplane. We give a novel construction of the embedding, suitable for database applications, which amounts to computing a simple aggregate over k random attribute partitions.
Caprin-2 enhances canonical Wnt signaling through regulating LRP5/6 phosphorylation (2008)

The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) are coreceptors for Frizzled and transmit signals from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. However, the mechanism for LRP5/6 signal transmission remains undefined. Here, we identify cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein 2 (Caprin-2) as a LRP5/6-binding protein. Our data show that Caprin-2 stabilizes cytosolic beta-catenin and enhances lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1/T cell factor-dependent reporter gene activity as well as the expression of Wnt target genes in mammalian cells. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of Caprin-2 in zebrafish embryos inhibits Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and results in a dorsalized phenotype. Moreover, Caprin-2 facilitates LRP5/6 phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3, and thus enhances the interaction between Axin and LRP5/6. Therefore, Caprin-2 promotes activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by regulating LRP5/6 phosphorylation.
Computational learning algorithms for large-scale datasets (2017)

Actualmente nos encontramos sumidos en una avalancha de datos. Este hecho ha modificado fundamentalmente la manera en que se comparte la informacion y ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de desarrollar nuevos metodos eficientes para procesar y almacenar grandes cantidades de datos. El aprendizaje computacional es el area de la inteligencia artificial dedicada a estudiar algoritmos que puedan aprender a partir de los datos, hacer predicciones o crear representaciones exactas basadas en las observaciones. En este contexto, en el que el numero de datos crece mas rapido que la velocidad de los procesadores, la capacidad de los algoritmos tradicionales de aprendizaje maquina se encuentra limitada por el tiempo de computacion y no por el tamano de la muestra. Ademas, al tratar con gran cantidad de datos, los algoritmos de aprendizaje pueden degenerar su rendimiento debido al sobreajuste y su eficiencia decae de acuerdo con el tamano. Por lo tanto, la escalabilidad de los algoritmos de aprendizaje ha dejado de ser una caracteristica deseable de los algoritmos de aprendizaje para convertirse en una propiedad crucial cuando se trabaja con conjuntos de datos muy grandes. Existen, basicamente, tres enfoques diferentes para asegurar la escalabilidad de los algoritmos a medida que los conjuntos de datos continuan creciendo en tamano y complejidad: aprendizaje en tiempo real, aprendizaje no iterativo y aprendizaje distribuido. Esta tesis desarrolla nuevos metodos de aprendizaje computacional escalables y eficientes siguiendo los tres enfoques anteriores. Especificamente, se desarrollan cuatro nuevos algoritmos: (1) El primero combina seleccion de caracteristicas y clasificacion en tiempo real, mediante la adaptacion de un filtro clasico y la modificacion de un algoritmo de aprendizaje incremental basado en una red neuronal de una capa. (2) El siguiente consiste en nuevo clasificador uniclase basado en una funcion de coste no iterativa para redes neuronales autoasociativas que lleva a cabo la reduccion de dimensionalidad en la capa oculta mediante la tecnica de Decomposicion en Valores Singulares. (3) El tercer metodo es un nuevo clasificador uniclase basado en el cierre convexo para entornos de datos distribuidos que reduce la dimensionalidad del problema y, por lo tanto, la complejidad, mediante la utilizacion de proyecciones aleatorias. (4) Por ultimo, se presenta una version incremental del anterior algoritmo de clasificacion uniclase.