gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radioimmunoscintigraphy with111Indium Labeled Cyt-356 for the Detection of Occult Prostate Cancer Recurrence (1994)

We assessed the safety and ability of the 111indium labeled immunoconjugate 7E11-C5.3-glycyl-tyrosyl-(N,e-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)-lysine (CYT-356) to detect sites of occult prostate cancer in 27 subjects who had undergone radical prostatectomy and whose only evidence of recurrent disease was an increasing (0.8 ng./ml. or greater) serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). All subjects underwent whole body scintigraphy between 2 and 4 days following the radiopharmaceutical injection. Routine blood work and human anti-mouse antibody titers were monitored. Scintigraphic findings were compared with clinical parameters, prostatic fossa biopsy results and conventional imaging techniques. Except for transient hypotension in 1 subject following the second infusion, no side effects or human anti-mouse antibody titers were detected. In 22 subjects 1 or more lesions were detected, of which 11 (50%) were confirmed by biopsy, computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Of 14 subjects with lesions in the prostatic fossa 13 had biopsies performed, 8 (62%) of which were positive. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed tumor in the spine and chest computerized tomography findings were compatible with lesions seen in the mediastinum in 1 subject each. There was a statistically significant relationship between detecting a scan abnormality and the initial pathological stage of disease but not with the serum PSA. These data provide preliminary evidence that 111indium labeled CYT-356 can be safely administered and readministered, and it detects sites of occult prostate cancer recurrence in subjects whose PSA is increasing following radical prostatectomy.
High-power near-diffraction-limited external cavitylaser, tunable from 1030 to 1085 nm (1998)

A tunable external cavity semiconductor laser with &gt; 1 W CW near-diffraction-limited output power between 1030 and 1085 nm is demonstrated. A tapered power amplifier with novel epilayer structure is used as the gain element. Near the gain peak at 1055 nm an output power of 1.6 W CW is obtained.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of Pteridine Dione and Trione Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 Inhibitors (2014)

Novel substituted pteridine-derived inhibitors of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), an emerging target for cancer therapy, are reported. The activity of these compounds as inhibitors of lactate transport was confirmed using a (14)C-lactate transport assay, and their potency against MCT1-expressing human tumor cells was established using MTT assays. The four most potent compounds showed substantial anticancer activity (EC50 37-150 nM) vs MCT1-expressing human Raji lymphoma cells.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in normal and malignant human tissues. (1997)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen is a type II membrane protein with folate hydrolase activity produced by prostatic epithelium. The expression of this molecule has also been documented in extraprostatic tissues, including small bowel and brain. In the present study, an extensive immunohistochemical analysis was performed on a panel of well-characterized normal and malignant human tissues to further define the pattern of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression. Detectable PSMA levels were identified in prostatic epithelium, duodenal mucosa, and a subset of proximal renal tubules. A subpopulation of neuroendocrine cells in the colonic crypts also exhibited PSMA immunoreactivity. All other normal tissues, including cerebral cortex and cerebellum, had undetectable levels of PSMA. Thirty-three of 35 primary prostate adenocarcinomas and 7 of 8 lymph node metastases displayed tumor cell PSMA immunostaining. Eight of 18 prostate tumors metastatic to bone expressed PSMA. All of the other nonprostatic primary tumors studied had undetectable PSMA levels. However, intense staining was observed in endothelial cells of capillary vessels in peritumoral and endotumoral areas of certain malignancies, including 8 of 17 renal cell carcinomas, 7 of 13 transitional cell carcinomas, and 3 of 19 colon carcinomas. Extraprostatic PSMA expression appears to be highly restricted. Nevertheless, its diverse anatomical distribution implies a broader functional significance than previously suspected. The decrease in PSMA immunoreactivity noted in advanced prostate cancer suggests that expression of this molecule may be linked to the degree of tumor differentiation. The neoexpression of PSMA in endothelial cells of capillary beds in certain tumors may be related to tumor angiogenesis and suggests a potential mechanism for specific targeting of tumor neovasculature.
Nuclear Factor-κB Regulates β-Cell Death (2006)

Apoptotic beta-cell death is central to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and may be important in islet graft rejection. Despite this, genetic control of beta-cell apoptosis is only poorly understood. We report that inhibition of gene transcription sensitized beta-cells to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced apoptosis, indicating the presence of a regulated antiapoptotic response. Using oligonucleotide microarrays and real-time PCR, we identified TNFAIP3/A20 as the most highly regulated antiapoptotic gene expressed in cytokine-stimulated human and mouse islets. Cytokine induction of A20 mRNA in primary islets and insulinoma cells was rapid and observed within 1 h, consistent with A20 being an immediate early response gene in beta-cells. Regulation of A20 was nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent, two NF-kappaB sites within the A20 promoter were found to be necessary and sufficient for A20 expression in beta-cells. Activation of NF-kappaB by TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 2, TRAF6, NF-kappaB-inducing kinase, or protein kinase D, which transduce signals downstream of Toll-like receptors, TNF receptors, and free radicals, respectively, were all potent activators of the A20 promoter. Moreover, A20 expression was induced in transplanted islets in vivo. Finally, A20 expression was sufficient to protect beta-cells from TNF-induced apoptosis. These data demonstrate that A20 is the cardinal antiapoptotic gene in beta-cells. Further, A20 expression is NF-kappaB dependent, thus linking islet proinflammatory gene responses with protection from apoptosis.
SOME 2-ACETYLTHIOPHENE DERIVATIVES AND RELATED ACETOPHENONE ANALOGS (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSOME 2-ACETYLTHIOPHENE DERIVATIVES AND RELATED ACETOPHENONE ANALOGSWILLIAM S. EMERSON and TRACY M. PATRICK Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1948, 13, 5, 722–728Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01163a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01163a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On secondary transforms for intra prediction residual (2012)

In this paper, we present a secondary transform that is applied in a codec after the conventional DCT for all the video-coding intra prediction modes. Our approach is applicable to any block-based intra prediction scheme that employs transforms along the horizontal and vertical direction separably. The secondary transform is applied to the lower 8×8 frequency coefficients of the output of conventional DCT at block sizes 8×8 and higher. The proposed transform scheme has low complexity as it is applied only to the top-left portion of DCT output, especially in the context of large blocks such as 32×32 where an alternate transform of size 32×32 other than DCT would be expensive to be implemented in hardware. The proposed technique works in single-pass, and the choice of when to use the secondary transform is solely based on the intra prediction mode and requires no additional signaling information or R-D search. Our simulation results show that the proposed transform scheme provides significant BD-Rate improvement over the conventional DCT-based coding scheme for intra prediction of video sequences in the ongoing HEVC standardization.
Modified Oligonucleotides as Bona Fide Antagonists of Proteins Interacting with DNA (1999)

The study of the biological role of DNA methyltransferase (DNA MeTase) has been impeded by the lack of direct and specific inhibitors. This report describes the design of potent DNA based antagonists of DNA MeTase and their utilization to define the interactions of DNA MeTase with its substrate and to study its biological role. We demonstrate that the size, secondary structure, hemimethylation, and phosphorothioate modification strongly affect the antagonists interaction with DNA MeTase whereas base substitutions do not have a significant effect. To study whether DNA MeTase is critical for cellular transformation, human lung non-small carcinoma cells were treated with the DNA MeTase antagonists. Ex vivo, hairpin inhibitors of DNA MeTase are localized to the cell nucleus in lung cancer cells. They inhibit DNA MeTase, cell growth, and anchorage independent growth (an indicator of tumorigenesis in cell culture) in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitors developed in this study are the first documented example of direct inhibitors of DNA MeTase in living cells and of modified oligonucleotides as bona fide antagonists of critical cellular proteins.
Branch flow model: Relaxations and convexification (2012)

We propose a branch flow model for the analysis and optimization of mesh as well as radial networks. The model leads to a new approach to solving optimal power flow (OPF) problems that consists of two relaxation steps. The first step eliminates the voltage and current angles and the second step approximates the resulting problem by a conic program that can be solved efficiently. For radial networks, we prove that both relaxation steps are always exact, provided there are no upper bounds on loads. For mesh networks, the conic relaxation is always exact and we characterize when the angle relaxation may fail. We propose a simple method to convexify a mesh network using phase shifters so that both relaxation steps are always exact and OPF for the convexified network can always be solved efficiently for a globally optimal solution. We prove that convexification requires phase shifters only outside a spanning tree of the network graph and their placement depends only on network topology, not on power flows, generation, loads, or operating constraints. Since power networks are sparse, the number of required phase shifters may be relatively small.
The CD16+ (FcγRIII+) Subset of Human Monocytes Preferentially Becomes Migratory Dendritic Cells in a Model Tissue Setting (2002)

Much remains to be learned about the physiologic events that promote monocytes to become lymph-homing dendritic cells (DCs). In a model of transendothelial trafficking, some monocytes become DCs in response to endogenous signals. These DCs migrate across endothelium in the ablumenal-to-lumenal direction (reverse transmigration), reminiscent of the migration into lymphatic vessels. Here we show that the subpopulation of monocytes that expresses CD16 (Fcgamma receptor III) is predisposed to become migratory DCs. The vast majority of cells derived from CD16(+) monocytes reverse transmigrated, and their presence was associated with migratory cells expressing high levels of CD86 and human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, and robust capacity to induce allogeneic T cell proliferation. A minority of CD16(-) monocytes reverse transmigrated, and these cells stimulated T cell proliferation less efficiently. CD16 was not functionally required for reverse transmigration, but promoted cell survival when yeast particles (zymosan) were present as a maturation stimulus in the subendothelial matrix. The cell surface phenotype and migratory characteristics of CD16(+) monocytes were inducible in CD16(-) monocytes by preincubation with TGFbeta1. We propose that CD16(+) monocytes may contribute significantly to precursors for DCs that transiently survey tissues and migrate to lymph nodes via afferent lymphatic vessels.
Mutations at the SPINDLY locus of Arabidopsis alter gibberellin signal transduction. (1993)

Three independent recessive mutations at the SPINDLY (SPY) locus of Arabidopsis confer resistance to the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol. Relative to wild type, spy mutants exhibit longer hypocotyls, leaves that are a lighter green color, increased stem elongation, early flowering, parthenocarpy, and partial male sterility. All of these phenotypes are also observed when wild-type Arabidopsis plants are repeatedly treated with gibberellin A3 (GA3). The spy-1 allele is partially epistatic to the ga1-2 mutation, which causes GA deficiency. In addition, the spy-1 mutation can simultaneously suppress the effects of the ga1-2 mutation and paclobutrazol treatment, which inhibit different steps in the GA biosynthesis pathway. This observation suggests that spy-1 activates a basal level of GA signal transduction that is independent of GA. Furthermore, results from GA3 dose-response experiments suggest that GA3 and spy-1 interact in an additive manner. These results are consistent with models in which the SPY gene product regulates a portion of the GA signal transduction pathway.
Population-based requirements for allograft surgery in children (1988)

This paper will attempt to set into perspective the magnitude of the problem of homograft procurement for the paediatric population. We thought it would be useful to have an estimate of how many homografts and of what size might be required for a given population. While we cannot speak of the use of homografts for aortic valve replacement in the adult population, we are able to speak of the potential use of this tissue in the paediatric age group.
Boron diffusion induced symmetry reduction and scattering in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (2013)

By first-principles analysis, we investigate the effect of thermal annealing on structural stability of CoFeB/MgO(thin)/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions. The calculated phonon dispersion indicates that Mg${}_{3}$B${}_{2}$O${}_{6}$ (kotoite) is a stable spacer after annealing due to B diffusion into MgO. The calculated tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of CoFe/kotoite/CoFe is 210$%$, which is in good agreement with the available experimental value and 2 orders of magnitude lower than the predicted values of CoFe/MgO/CoFe junctions. The physics of this more realistic TMR value is the change in symmetry from C${}_{4v}$ of MgO to C${}_{2v}$ of kotoite. Such symmetry reduction induces scattering and weakens the tunneling transmission of the ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$-like Bloch states. Our calculations also reveal that the tunneling transmission is sensitive to the electrode/spacer interfacial chemical bonding. Residual boron, localized at the interface due to insufficient annealing temperature, can further reduce the TMR.
Intestinal Absorption of a Modified Heparin. (1960)

A modified heparin has been prepared. This heparin derivative has undergone slight methylation and partial de-sulfation. Anticoagulant activity was retained, and limited absorption from duodenum of dogs as measured by systemic anticoagulant effect occurred following instillation of the modified heparin in buffer solutions of pH 5, 6, and 7.
Operating room management: why, how and by whom? (2008)

Operating room (OR) is a cost-intensive environment, and it should be managed efficiently. When improving efficiency, shortening case duration by parallel processing, training of the resident surgeons, the choice of anesthetic methods, effective scheduling, and monitoring of the overall OR performance are important. When redesigning the OR processes, changes should be given a clear target and the achieved results monitored and reported to everyone involved. Advanced, reliable, and easy to use information technology solutions for OR management are under development. Pre-operative clinic and functionally designed facilities support efficiency. OR personnel must be kept motivated by clear management and leadership, supported by superiors.
Short-range order in amorphous SiOx by x ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2011)

The Si 2p x ray photoelectron spectra of SiOx with a different composition of 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 have been studied experimentally and theoretically. The SiOx films were prepared by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition from SiH4 and N2O source at 750 °C. Neither random bonding nor random mixture models can adequately describe the structure of these compounds. The interpretation of the experimental results is discussed according to a large scale potential fluctuation due to the spatial variation of chemical composition in SiOx.
Neuroprotective efficacy of estrogen in experimental spinal cord injury in rats (2010)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to neurological deficits and motor dysfunction. Methylprednisolone, the only drug used for treating SCI, renders limited neuroprotection and remains controversial. Estrogen is one of the most potent multiactive neuroprotective agents and it is currently under investigation in our laboratory for its efficacy in SCI. The present review briefly summarizes our earlier findings on the therapeutic potential of pharmacological/supraphysiological levels of estrogen in SCI and outlines our ongoing research, highlighting the efficacy of physiological levels of estrogen against neuronal injury, axonal degeneration, and gliosis and also the molecular mechanisms of such neuroprotection in experimental SCI. Furthermore, our ongoing studies designed to explore the different translational potential of estrogen therapy suggest that this multiactive steroid may act as an adjunct therapy to promote angiogenesis, thus enhancing the functional recovery following chronic SCI. Taken together, these studies confirm that estrogen is a potential therapeutic agent for treating SCI.
Aβ42 Mutants with Different Aggregation Profiles Induce Distinct Pathologies in Drosophila (2008)

Aggregation of the amyloid-beta-42 (Abeta42) peptide in the brain parenchyma is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the prevention of Abeta aggregation has been proposed as a therapeutic intervention in AD. However, recent reports indicate that Abeta can form several different prefibrillar and fibrillar aggregates and that each aggregate may confer different pathogenic effects, suggesting that manipulation of Abeta42 aggregation may not only quantitatively but also qualitatively modify brain pathology. Here, we compare the pathogenicity of human Abeta42 mutants with differing tendencies to aggregate. We examined the aggregation-prone, EOFAD-related Arctic mutation (Abeta42Arc) and an artificial mutation (Abeta42art) that is known to suppress aggregation and toxicity of Abeta42 in vitro. In the Drosophila brain, Abeta42Arc formed more oligomers and deposits than did wild type Abeta42, while Abeta42art formed fewer oligomers and deposits. The severity of locomotor dysfunction and premature death positively correlated with the aggregation tendencies of Abeta peptides. Surprisingly, however, Abeta42art caused earlier onset of memory defects than Abeta42. More remarkably, each Abeta induced qualitatively different pathologies. Abeta42Arc caused greater neuron loss than did Abeta42, while Abeta42art flies showed the strongest neurite degeneration. This pattern of degeneration coincides with the distribution of Thioflavin S-stained Abeta aggregates: Abeta42Arc formed large deposits in the cell body, Abeta42art accumulated preferentially in the neurites, while Abeta42 accumulated in both locations. Our results demonstrate that manipulation of the aggregation propensity of Abeta42 does not simply change the level of toxicity, but can also result in qualitative shifts in the pathology induced in vivo.
In Situ Analysis of Mutant EGFRs Prevalent in Glioblastoma Multiforme Reveals Aberrant Dimerization, Activation, and Differential Response to Anti-EGFR Targeted Therapy (2012)

Aberrations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1) are the most common oncogenic alterations in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor. Interactions between wild-type (wt) and mutant EGFRs and their subsequent activation are of biologic and potential therapeutic importance in GBMs. We recently showed that in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) allows for quantitative evaluation of EGFR dimerization and activation in intact cells. Using this in situ platform, we show the aberrant homo-/heterodimeric properties of EGFRvIII and EGFRc958 mutants, the two most common EGFR mutants in GBMs. In addition, dimer phosphoactivation status could be detected by PLA with superior signal-noise ratio (>17-fold) and sensitivity (>16-fold) than immunofluorescence-based phospho-EGFR measurements. Dimer activation analysis indicated quantitative activation differences of mutant dimers. These aberrant features were not overexpression dependent but appeared independent of cellular expression levels, suggesting inherent properties of the mutant receptors. Moreover, we observed in situ detection of EGFRwt-EGFRvIII heterodimerization in GBM specimens, supporting our cell line observations. Notably, currently used anti-EGFR therapeutics, such as cetuximab, matuzumab, and panitumumab, could effectively block EGFRwt dimerization and activation but did not equally impair EGFRvIII homodimers, EGFRwt-EGFRvIII, or EGFRvIII-EGFRc958 heterodimers. EGFRvIII appears to have intrinsic phosphoactivation independent of dimerization as matuzumab blockade of homodimerization had no effect on receptor phosphorylation levels. These data suggest differences in the dimerization-blocking efficacy of EGFR monoclonal antibodies as mutant EGFR dimer configurations prevalent in GBMs can evade blockade by anti-EGFR treatments. Further studies are warranted to evaluate whether this evasion contributes to poor therapeutic response or resistance.
Projected performance of three- and four-junction devices using GaAs and GaInP (2002)

This paper explores the efficiencies expected for three- and four-junction devices for both space and terrestrial applications. For space applications, the effects of temperature and low concentration are investigated. For terrestrial applications, a concentration of 500 suns is assumed and the theoretical efficiencies are calculated as a function of spectral variations including the effects of air mass, turbidity, and water-vapor content.