gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The transport and metabolism of naturally occurring pyrimidine nucleosides by isolated rat jejunum. (1988)

1. Uridine perfused through the lumen of isolated loops of rat jejunum over a concentration range of 0.1‐1.0 mM gave rise to higher serosal concentrations of uracil than the equivalent luminal concentration of uracil (P less than 0.001). No serosal uridine could be detected. 2. Luminal thymidine over a concentration range of 0.1‐0.5 mM gave rise to the same serosal concentration of thymine as the equivalent luminal concentration of thymine (P greater than 0.1). Low concentrations of serosal thymidine were detected. Both luminal thymidine and thymine gave rise to elevated levels of serosal uracil. 3. Luminal cytidine at concentrations of 0.1‐0.5 mM was poorly transported and yielded low serosal concentrations of cytidine. No serosal cytosine was detected, although elevated levels of uracil were found in the serosal secretions. 4. Cytosine over a luminal concentration range of 0.1‐0.5 mM gave rise to low concentrations of cytosine in the serosal secretions. These results were consistent with a passive diffusion model for cytosine transport. No increase in serosal uracil was detected. 5. The cleavage of uridine and thymidine to their respective pyrimidine bases occurred via a cytoplasmic nucleoside phosphorylase, which had a similar Michaelis constant (Km), (61.0 +/‐ 4.4 and 97.1 +/‐ 5.7 microM for uridine and thymidine, respectively) but a maximal velocity (Vmax) for uridine cleavage (320 +/‐ 32 nmol min‐1 (mg protein)‐1) 13 times that for thymidine cleavage (24.7 +/‐ 1.4 nmol min‐1 (mg protein)‐1). 6. The differences between the three pyrimidine nucleosides are discussed with reference to the interactions between their epithelial transport and metabolism.
A retargetable, ultra-fast instruction set simulator (1999)

In this paper, we present new techniques which further improve the static compiled instruction set architecture (ISA) simulation by the aggressive utilization of the host machine resources. Such utilization is achieved by defining a low level code generation interface specialized for ISA simulation, rather than the traditional approaches which use C as a code generation interface. We are able to perform the simulation at a speed up to 10 2 millions of simulated instructions per second (MIPS). This result is only 1:1 , 2:5 times slower than the native execution on the host machine, the fastest to the best of our knowledge. Furthermore, the code generation interface is organized to implement a RISC like virtual machine, which makes our tool easily retargetable to many host platforms.
Value of simulated body surface potential maps as templates in localizing sites of ectopic activation for radiofrequency ablation (1997)

Body surface potential maps recorded during catheter pace mapping can facilitate the localization of the site of origin of ventricular tachycardia. In this study, we investigated the value of a realistic computer model of the human ventricular myocardium in generating body surface potential maps as templates for identifying sites of ectopic activation. Our model features an anatomically accurate geometry and an anisotropy due to transmural fibre rotation, that were reconstructed with a spatial resolution of 0.5 mm. It simulates the electrotonic interactions of cardiac cells by solving a nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation, but it behaves as a cellular automaton when the transmembrane potential exceeds the threshold value. We successfully validated our model by comparing the simulated activation sequences--described by isochronal maps, epicardial potential maps and body surface potential maps--with the measured sequences of epicardial and body surface maps reported in the literature. By systematically pacing the left ventricular and right ventricular endocardial surfaces in our ventricular model, we generated a database of 155 QRS-integral maps, which provides a high-resolution reference frame for localizing distinct endocardial pacing sites. This database promises to be a useful tool in improving the performance of catheter pace mapping used in combination with body surface potential mapping. Overall, the results demonstrate that our computer model of the human ventricular myocardium is well suited for complementing a database of QRS-integral maps obtained during clinical pace mapping and can help enhance the efficacy of the ablative treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (2017)

Myeloid cells developed evolutionarily as a major mechanism to protect the host. They evolved as a critical barrier against infections and are important contributors to tissue remodeling. However, in cancer, myeloid cells are largely converted to serve a new master-tumor cells. This process is epitomized by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). These cells are closely related to neutrophils and monocytes. MDSCs are not present in the steady state of healthy individuals and appear in cancer and in pathologic conditions associated with chronic inflammation or stress. These cells have emerged as an important contributor to tumor progression. Ample evidence supports a key role for MDSCs in immune suppression in cancer, as well as their prominent role in tumor angiogenesis, drug resistance, and promotion of tumor metastases. MDSCs have a fascinating biology and are implicated in limiting the effects of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, targeting these cells may represent an attractive therapeutic opportunity. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(1); 3-8. ©2016 AACR.
Recommendations of the UM Committee on Women's Programs Being Implemented (1991)

University of Maine President Dale Lick has announced the establishment of a Women's Resource Center and a greater overall coordination of women's programming in response to recommendations in a report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Women's Programs.
Characterization of the cross-reaction between type 19F(19) and 19A(57) pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides: compositional analysis and immunological relation determined with rabbit typing antisera (1978)

The immunological relation, physicochemical characteristics, and chemical composition of type 19F(19) and 19A(57) within the cross-reactive group 19 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides were studied. By using rabbit hyperimmune diagnostic antisera in agglutination, immunodiffusion, quantitative precipitation, and absorption assays, extensive cross-antigenicity and cross-immunogenicity were demonstrable between the disease-associated types 19F(19) and 19A(57). Types 19B(58) and 19C(59), rarely associated with human disease, were extensively cross-reactive with each other but reacted weakly with types 19F(19) and 19A(57). Both types 19F(19) and 19A(57) polysaccharides contained trace amounts of protein and nucleic acid and had comparable molecular sizes as determined by gel filtration. Compositional analysis showed type 19F(19) to contain rhamnose, glucose, N-acetylmannosamine, and a phosphate ester. Type 19A(57) contained these four moieties, and in addition, contained fucose, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine. Plans for using this information to evaluate current and proposed formulation of multivalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines are discussed.
Multiple, functional DBP sites on the promoter of the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase P450 gene, CYP7. Proposed role in diurnal regulation of liver gene expression. (1994)

Hepatic cytochrome P450 cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, CYP7, is regulated in vivo at the protein and the mRNA level in response to multiple physiological factors, including liver cholesterol synthesis, bile acid feedback inhibition, and diurnal rhythm. In the present study we investigated whether the liver transcription factor DBP (albumin promoter D-site binding protein), which undergoes a striking diurnal rhythm in rat liver (DBP levels during evening/morning approximately 100:1), contributes to the diurnal regulation of CYP7 gene expression. DNase I footprinting analysis using bacterially expressed DBP and a cloned 5'-flanking DNA segment of the rat CYP7 gene revealed five distinct DBP-binding sites, designated A-E, distributed between nucleotides (nts) -41 and -295 relative to the CYP7 transcription start site. CYP7-directed gene transcription in HepG2 cells transfected with a 5'-CYP7 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase reporter was activated up to 12-fold upon cotransfection of a DBP expression vector, whereas an HNF-1 alpha expression vector did not stimulate CYP7 gene activity. 5'-Deletion analyses and site-specific mutagenesis revealed that this stimulating effect of DBP can in part be ascribed to its functional interaction with DBP binding sites B (nts -115/-125), C (nts -172/-195), and D (nts -214/-230). C/EBP beta (LAP), another liver-enriched basic-leucine zipper transcription factor, bound to these same sites but effected a more modest increase in CYP7-directed gene transcription (up to 3-4-fold) when expressed in HepG2 cells. Competition for CYP7 promoter-binding sites between C/EBP, which undergoes < or = 2-fold diurnal change in rat liver, and the diurnally regulated DBP is proposed to determine the relative rates of basal versus diurnally regulated CYP7 gene transcription and thus may be a primary mechanism for setting the 3-6-fold amplitude that characterizes the circadian rhythm of liver CYP7 expression. Moreover, since DBP is first expressed in rat liver 3-4 weeks after birth, these findings may account for both the enhanced expression and the onset of the diurnal pattern of CYP7 enzyme levels at this stage of development.
The peripheral blood fibrocyte is a potent antigen-presenting cell capable of priming naive T cellsin situ (1997)

Recent studies have identified a novel population of blood-borne cells, termed fibrocytes, that have a distinct cell surface phenotype (collagen+/CD13(+)/CD34(+)/CD45(+)), rapidly enter sites of tissue injury, and synthesize connective tissue matrix molecules. We found by flow cytometry that purified human fibrocytes express each of the known surface components that are required for antigen presentation, including class II major histocompatability complex molecules (HLA-DP, -DQ, and -DR), the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, and the adhesion molecules CD11a, CD54, and CD58. Human fibrocytes induced antigen-presenting cell-dependent T cell proliferation when cultured with specific antigen and this proliferative activity was significantly higher than that induced by monocytes and nearly as high as that induced by purified dendritic cells. Mouse fibrocytes also were found to express the surface components required for antigen presentation and to function as potent APCs in vitro. Mouse fibrocytes pulsed in vitro with the HIV-proteins p24 or gp120 and delivered to a site of cutaneous injury were found to migrate to proximal lymph nodes and to specifically prime naive T cells. These data suggest that fibrocytes play an early and important role in the initiation of antigen-specific immunity.
Structure-Based Design of Novel Boronic Acid-Based Inhibitors of Autotaxin (2011)

Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted phosphodiesterase that hydrolyzes the abundant phospholipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). The ATX-LPA signaling axis has been implicated in inflammation, fibrosis, and tumor progression, rendering ATX an attractive drug target. We recently described a boronic acid-based inhibitor of ATX, named HA155 (1). Here, we report the design of new inhibitors based on the crystal structure of ATX in complex with inhibitor 1. Furthermore, we describe the syntheses and activities of these new inhibitors, whose potencies can be explained by structural data. To understand the difference in activity between two different isomers with nanomolar potencies, we performed molecular docking experiments. Intriguingly, molecular docking suggested a remarkable binding pose for one of the isomers, which differs from the original binding pose of inhibitor 1 for ATX, opening further options for inhibitor design.
Retrograde transport pathways utilised by viruses and protein toxins (2006)

A model has been presented for retrograde transport of certain toxins and viruses from the cell surface to the ER that suggests an obligatory interaction with a glycolipid receptor at the cell surface. Here we review studies on the ER trafficking cholera toxin, Shiga and Shiga-like toxins, Pseudomonas exotoxin A and ricin, and compare the retrograde routes followed by these protein toxins to those of the ER trafficking SV40 and polyoma viruses. We conclude that there is in fact no obligatory requirement for a glycolipid receptor, nor even with a protein receptor in a lipid-rich environment. Emerging data suggests instead that there is no common pathway utilised for retrograde transport by all of these pathogens, the choice of route being determined by the particular receptor utilised.
Expression of a Retrovirus Encoding Human HPRT in Mice (1984)

Transmissible retroviruses encoding human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) were used to infect mouse bone marrow cells in vitro, and the infected cells were transplanted into mice. Both active human HPRT-protein and chronic HPRT-virus production were detected in hematopoietic tissue of the mice, showing transfer of the gene. These results indicate the possible use of retroviruses for somatic cell therapy.
Distortion Losses in Cabled Optical Fibers (1975)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Robert Olshansky, "Distortion Losses in Cabled Optical Fibers," Appl. Opt. 14, 20-21 (1975) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Association of plasma triglyceride concentration and LDL particle diameter, density, and chemical composition with premature coronary artery disease in men and women (1993)

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) physical-chemical characteristics were studied as nontraditional risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a well-characterized population of 98 men aged < or = 50 and 100 women aged < or = 60 who underwent elective diagnostic coronary arteriography. The average LDL diameter was determined by gradient gel electrophoresis, chemical composition (%w/w) was measured, and the density of the major LDL peak was determined by equilibrium density gradient ultracentrifugation. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of various LDL characteristics with CAD before and after adjustment for other covariates. Smaller, cholesterol-poor LDL particles were associated with CAD independently of traditional risk factors (age, sex, smoking, diabetes, LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations), other than the plasma triglyceride concentration. These characteristics were generally more strongly associated with CAD when measured on the major LDL subfraction (defined as the density gradient ultracentrifugation fraction with the highest LDL concentration) than the average characteristics of the more heterogeneous parent LDL (d 1.019-1.063 g/ml). The associations with CAD among men and women were generally similar. These data show that a broad range of LDL characteristics are associated with CAD before, but not after, adjustment for the plasma triglyceride concentration. These data further indicate the importance of hypertriglyceridemia and LDL heterogeneity in premature CAD.
Delivery to cancer cells of antisense L-myc oligonucleotides incorporated in fusogenic, cationic-lipid-reconstituted influenza-virus envelopes (cationic virosomes) (1998)

Antisense oligodeoxy-nucleoside phosphorothioates (OPTs) of L-myc were encapsulated into reconstituted influenza-virus-A envelopes (virosomes). The envelopes of the virosomes consisted of a single positively charged (cationic) lipid bilayer. Binding of cationic virosomes to cellular receptors that are membrane glycoproteins or glycolipids containing terminal sialic acid is mediated by the hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) of the influenza virus. After internalization through receptor-mediated endocytosis, cationic virosomes fuse efficiently with the membranes of the endosomal-cell compartment, and as a consequence the encapsulated OPT are delivered to the cell cytoplasma. Examination by fluorescence microscopy of the cellular uptake of cationic virosomes containing fluorescein-labeled OPT showed rapid and efficient incorporation of virosomes. Addition of cationic virosomes (75-150 microl) containing antisense L-myc OPT in the picomolar range to small-cell-lung-cancer (SCLC) cell cultures that expressed highly the L-myc oncogene led to strong inhibition of thymidine incorporation in a concentration-dependent manner. Virosome-entrapped sense L-myc OPT and random-order OPT had only minimal effects on the thymidine uptake. Cells of SCLC cell line NCI-H82 expressing a very low level of L-myc were not affected by antisense-L-myc virosomes. In Western-blot analysis, expression of L-myc protein was suppressed in the antisense-virosome-treated NCI-H209 cells but not in untreated control NCI-H209 cells. These results suggest that cationic virosomes may have great potential as an efficient delivery system for antisense oligonucleotides in cancer therapy.
β‐Lactones Decrease the Intracellular Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes in Macrophages (2009)

A chemical knockout of the virulence regulator ClpP by β-lactones in Listeria monocytogenes resulted in a reduced production of the major virulence factor listeriolysin O as well as of PI-phospholipase C. This led to a significant decrease in intracellular replication of the pathogen in mouse macrophage cells. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Defining Neuropathic Pain (2003)

Clinical research and practice have suffered because of lack of specificity when clinical diagnoses of pain are made. Distinction between neuropathic and inflammatory pain mechanisms is suggested, as well as the distinction between neuropathic pain from hypersensitivity pain disorders, previously termed neuropathic pain due to neurological dysfunction. Neuropathic pain is in this case defined as pain occurring in the ara of body affected by neurological disease or injury. This type of pain manifests not only with positive sensory phenomena such as pain, dysesthesia, and different types of hyperalgesia, but also with negative sensory phenomena and negative and positive motor and autonomic symptoms and signs.
Identification of airborne dissemination of epidemic multiresistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a CF centre during a cross infection outbreak (2003)

Aerosol dissemination may be the most important factor in patient-to-patient spread of epidemic strains of P aeruginosa during recent cross infection outbreaks at adult CF centres.
Asymmetric Activation of Racemic Ruthenium(II) Complexes for Enantioselective Hydrogenation (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAsymmetric Activation of Racemic Ruthenium(II) Complexes for Enantioselective HydrogenationTakeshi Ohkuma, Henri Doucet, Trang Pham, Koichi Mikami, Toshinobu Korenaga, Masahiro Terada, and Ryoji NoyoriView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Molecular Chirality Research Unit, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan Department of Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5, 1086–1087Publication Date (Web):January 22, 1998Publication History Received18 August 1997Published online22 January 1998Published inissue 1 February 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja972897ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja972897erapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1977Altmetric-Citations181LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Catalytic reactions,Hydrogenation,Mixtures,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Molecular cloning, expression, and partial characterization of a second human tissue-factor-pathway inhibitor. (1994)

Previous studies have shown that tissue-factor-pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an important regulator of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation through its ability to inhibit factor Xa and factor VIIa-tissue factor activity. We describe the molecular cloning and expression of a full-length cDNA that encodes a molecule, designated TFPI-2, that has a similar overall domain organization and considerable primary amino acid sequence homology to TFPI. After a 22-residue signal peptide, the mature protein contains 213 amino acids with 18 cysteines and two canonical N-linked glycosylation sites. The deduced sequence of mature TFPI-2 revealed a short acidic amino-terminal region, three tandem Kunitz-type domains, and a carboxyl-terminal tail highly enriched in basic amino acids. Northern analysis indicates that TFPI-2 is transcribed in umbilical vein endothelial cells, liver, and placenta. TFPI-2 was expressed in baby hamster kidney cells and purified from the serum-free conditioned medium by a combination of heparin-agarose chromatography, Mono Q FPLC, Mono S FPLC, and Superose 12 FPLC. Purified TFPI-2 migrated as a single band in SDS/PAGE and exhibited a molecular mass of 32 kDa in the presence and absence of reducing agent. The amino-terminal sequence of recombinant TFPI-2 was identical to that predicted from the cDNA. Despite its structural similarity to TFPI, the purified recombinant TFPI-2 failed to react with polyclonal anti-TFPI IgG. Preliminary studies indicated that purified recombinant TFPI-2 strongly inhibited the amidolytic activities of trypsin and the factor VIIa-tissue factor complex. In addition, the inhibition of factor VIIa-tissue factor amidolytic activity by recombinant TFPI-2 was markedly enhanced in the presence of heparin. TFPI-2 at high concentrations weakly inhibited the amidolytic activity of human factor Xa, but had no measurable effect on the amidolytic activity of human thrombin.