gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Administration guidelines for radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with (90)Y-labeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. (2002)

90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan is a novel radioimmunotherapeutic agent recently approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or CD20+ transformed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan consists of a murine monoclonal antibody covalently attached to a metal chelator, which stably chelates (111)In for imaging and (90)Y for therapy. Both health care workers and patients receiving this therapy need to become familiar with how it differs from conventional chemotherapy and what, if any, safety precautions are necessary. Because (90)Y is a pure beta-emitter, the requisite safety precautions are not overly burdensome for health care workers or for patients and their families. (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan is dosed on the basis of the patient's body weight and baseline platelet count; dosimetry is not required for determining the therapeutic dose in patients meeting eligibility criteria similar to those used in clinical trials, such as <25% lymphomatous involvement of the bone marrow. (111)In- and (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan are labeled at commercial radiopharmacies and delivered for on-site dose preparation and administration. Plastic and acrylic materials are appropriate for shielding during dose preparation and administration; primary lead shielding should be avoided because of the potential exposure risk from bremsstrahlung. Because there are no penetrating gamma-emissions associated with the therapy, (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan is routinely administered on an outpatient basis. Furthermore, the risk of radiation exposure to patients' family members has been shown to be in the range of background radiation, even without restrictions on contact. There is therefore no need to determine activity limits or dose rate limits before patients who have been treated with (90)Y radioimmunotherapy are released, as is necessary with patients who have been treated with radiopharmaceuticals that contain (131)I. Standard universal precautions for handling body fluids are recommended for health care workers and patients and their family members after (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan administration. In summary, (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan introduces (90)Y into clinical practice and expands the role nuclear medicine plays in the care of patients with cancer. Understanding the unique properties of this novel radioimmunoconjugate will facilitate its safe and effective use.
Ten year experience with use of Ilizarov bone transport for tibial defects. (2003)

Tibial defects greater than 4 cm and secondary to high-energy trauma or debridement for infected nonunion pose a significant challenge to the treating orthopaedic surgeon. Twelve patients who had been treated with Ilizarov bone transport for tibial defects over the past ten years were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were male with an average age of thirty-two. Ten of the twelve limbs were categorized as Grade IIIB fractures initially. The average tibial defect at initiation of bone transport was 9.45 cm (range 4 to 20 cm). The mean external fixator time (EFT) was 16.7 months with a mean external fixator index (EFI) of 2.0 months per centimeter. There were a total of 36 complications. Twenty were minor, fourteen were major without sequelae and two were major with sequelae. Overall bone results were good or excellent in nine patients. Overall functional results were good or excellent in eight patients. Ten patients achieved union after Ilizarov bone transport. Use of Ilizarov bone transport can be an effective tool for treating large tibial defects. However, the treatment time is lengthy with a considerable risk of complications.
Analysis of Cell Surface N-glycosylation of the Human Embryonic Kidney 293T Cell Line (2011)

Protein glycosylation is a prominent posttranslational modification and is involved in many biological functions. Human cell lines used for the expression of recombinant glycoproteins present variations in their cell surface N-glycosylation due to their cell type–specific origin. We therefore investigated the presence of specific glycosyltransferases by RT-PCR and the cell surface N-glycan structures of HEK293T cells by MALDI-TOF-MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analyses. Expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-III and fucosyltransferase-VIII were coincident with the presence of bisecting N-acetylglucosamine and high amounts of core-fucosylated N-glycans. Furthermore, a high overall amount of sialylated N-glycans and the expression of α2,3- and α2,8-specific, but not α2,6-specific, sialyltransferases were found.
Geometric Hashing: A General And Efficient Model-based Recognition Scheme (2005)

A general method for model-based object recognition in occluded scenes is presented. It is based on geometric hashing. The method stands out for its efficiency. We describe the general framework of the method and illustrate its applications for various recogni- tion problems both in 3-D and 2-D. Special attention is given to the recognition of 3-D objects in occluded scenes from 2-D gray scale images. New experimental results are included for this important case.
Price based routing for event driven prioritized traffic in wireless sensor networks (2013)

We present a dynamic price based routing protocol in which packets from different applications dynamically choose their paths by evaluating the price to be paid for taking each path and their ability to pay. We propose a mechanism in which the prices reflect congestion on routers and thus the waiting time for packet to pass through the router. These prices increase as usage of the usually preferred shorter routes increases. The packet's ability to pay price on a router is defined by the product of application's priority and the delay experienced at the router. As a result, the low priority applications intelligently avoid paths with high prices and go via low price routes. The low price routes may possibly be longer but require shorter waiting for passage at congested routers making them faster for low priority packets. This enables high priority traffic to get through quickly via shorter paths as they are able to pay high prices after little wait. Thus, our approach distributes traffic flows of different applications in the network and lowers congestion and delays for all applications. We further show that our dynamic path allocation technique ensures robust communication in fully functional as well as partially damaged networks. Our dynamic pricing mechanism quickly adapts routing to the damaged network, increases utilization of the partial network to lower the impact on critical infrastructure and key resources. Moreover, our proposed mechanism is equally applicable to both communication networks and physical infrastructure networks.
Epidermal hyperplasia overlying human melanoma correlates with tumour depth and angiogenesis (2003)

The aim of this study was to determine whether epidermal hyperplasia overlying cutaneous human melanoma is associated with increased tumour angiogenesis, tumour growth and the potential for metastasis. Forty-two surgical specimens of cutaneous human melanoma of different depths, each containing epidermis present in the tumour-free margin, were analysed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of the pro-angiogenic molecules basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and the anti-angiogenic molecule interferon-beta (IFN-beta). The epidermis overlying intermediate and thick (1.0-10.0 mm), but not thin (0.5-1.0 mm), melanoma specimens was hyperplastic. Although the expression level of bFGF, VEGF and IL-8 in the epidermis directly overlying the tumour was similar to that in the distant epidermis, the expression of IFN-beta was significantly decreased in keratinocytes overlying intermediate and thick, but not thin, melanomas. The microvessel density was also increased in intermediate and thick specimens. Human melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. The resulting tumours were used to determine the association between overlying epidermal hyperplasia and neoplastic angiogenesis. Similar to human autochthonous melanomas, epidermal hyperplasia was found only over lesions produced by metastatic cells. Although there was no change in the expression of the pro-angiogenic molecules, the expression of IFN-beta was significantly decreased in the hyperplastic epidermis. Conditioned medium collected from cultures of the metastatic cell line induced in vitro proliferation of mouse keratinocytes, whereas conditioned medium collected from cultures of the non-metastatic cell line did not. Collectively, the data demonstrate that metastatic melanoma cells induce keratinocyte proliferation, leading to decreased expression of the negative regulator of angiogenesis, IFN-beta, and hence to increased angiogenesis.
Cell-dependent requirement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif protein for maturation of virus particles (1993)

A highly sensitive single-round infection assay using a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was developed to analyze an early stage of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. By a combination of transfection and single-round infection assay, a virus with a vif mutation, depending on host cells from which the virus was derived, was demonstrated to be defective at the early phase of infection cycle. Analysis of viral proteins synthesized in cells indicated that incorporation of the Env surface protein into virions of the vif mutant, again in a cell-dependent way, was greatly restricted. Taken together, it is concluded that the Vif protein acts through modulation of the Env protein in the virions, directly or indirectly, to enhance viral infectivity in a certain cell type.
Preclinical Alzheimer's disease: Definition, natural history, and diagnostic criteria (2016)

During the past decade, a conceptual shift occurred in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) considering the disease as a continuum. Thanks to evolving biomarker research and substantial discoveries, it is now possible to identify the disease even at the preclinical stage before the occurrence of the first clinical symptoms. This preclinical stage of AD has become a major research focus as the field postulates that early intervention may offer the best chance of therapeutic success. To date, very little evidence is established on this "silent" stage of the disease. A clarification is needed about the definitions and lexicon, the limits, the natural history, the markers of progression, and the ethical consequence of detecting the disease at this asymptomatic stage. This article is aimed at addressing all the different issues by providing for each of them an updated review of the literature and evidence, with practical recommendations.
Analysis of CpG suppression in methylated and nonmethylated species. (1992)

The development of nearest-neighbor analysis led to the finding that the frequency of the dinucleotide CpG is markedly depressed in vertebrates. One explanation of this suppression is that methylation of CpG found in vertebrates represents a mutational hot spot through deamination of methylcytidine to thymidine. We have examined the role of methylated CpG as a factor in CpG suppression by comparing CpG distributions in coding regions of 121 genes from six species, three with methylated DNA and three with nonmethylated DNA. Overall base composition shows that all species exhibit CpG suppression, with the methylated forms showing significantly greater suppression than nonmethylated forms. When the data are analyzed by CpG position, the mean values of the methylated forms exhibit greater suppression than nonmethylated forms at positions I-II and II-III, but there is considerable overlap of suppression scores for individual species. At position III-I, CpG suppression is marked in all methylated species, and it is reversed in all nonmethylated species. Our analysis supports the hypothesis that CpG patterns at positions II-III and III-I in methylated forms are affected by mutation acting through deamination of methylcytidine to thymidine. We speculate that the excess of CpGs at position III-I in nonmethylated forms may be related to a requirement for minimal thermal stability of the DNA.
Clinicopathological significance and prognostic importance of circulating plasma DNA expression in advanced non-small cell lung cancer and its efficacy as a diagnostic tool (2012)

Lung cancer is commonest neoplasm.Thereis continuous need for new prognostic markers. Circulating plasma DNA levels is over-expressed in many cancers, including lung. The aim of work to study the expression of circulating DNA in NSCLC and assessment of its utility as a diagnostic marker and impact on therapeutic efficacy. Methods : plasma DNA was determined through the use of polymerase chain reaction in 41 patients with advanced NSCLC and 38 age-matched controls. All 41 patients with advanced NSCLC received platinum-based chemotherapy. Circulating plasma DNA levels was correlated with response to therapy, overall survival, and lactate dehydrogenase level. Results: There was a significant correlation between circulating plasma DNA levels and stage, LDH levels and tumor status. Plasma DNA levels were significantly inversely correlated with treatment response. Conclusion: circulating plasma DNA levels is frequently over-expressed in primary NSCLC, and appears to be potentially useful marker for diagnosis, significant predictor of survival and response to therapy. Overall survival according to circulating plasma DNA levels. Ref. Sher Y-P, Yang P-C, et al.:Prognosis of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Detecting Circulating Cancer Cells in the Peripheral Blood with MultipleMarkerGenes. clincancerres.aacrjournals.org on May 13, 2011.
Conformal vapor phase epitaxy (1989)

A novel technique of shaped crystal growth from the vapor is presented, which we call conformal vapor phase epitaxy. Using selective epitaxy as a main ingredient, we have obtained a conformal Si single-crystal growth between two SiO2 films. Since vertical growth is physically impeded by a SiO2 cap, lateral to vertical growth ratios (overgrowth ratios) can be controlled at will. Using a standard chemical vapor deposition reactor, submicron thick (100)Si layers have been laterally grown with a totally controlled overgrowth ratio &amp;gt;20.
Definition of an allergen (immunobiology) (2020)

In this chapter, the terms antigen and allergen are first defined and differentiated from one another. Sensitization and atopy are also defined within the context of allergy, and the process of allergic inflammation is described. This includes the biochemical mediators of allergic inflammation as well as the clinical outcome of an allergic reaction. The molecular structure of an allergen, its affinity toward an antibody, the route and amount of allergen exposure, and the presence of underlying allergic sensitization are crucial components of an allergic reaction. However, while all proteins may be antigens and stimulate an immune response, not all antigens become allergens. It is likely that a combination of genetics and environmental factors influence the loss of immunologic tolerance and subsequent production of IgE against a particular antigen. Further research is needed to identify these genetic and environmental components.
Metabolic responses to BRL37344 and clenbuterol in soleus muscle and C2C12 cells via different atypical pharmacologies and β2‐adrenoceptor mechanisms (2008)

Stimulation of glucose uptake by 10 pM BRL37344 and clenbuterol involves different atypical pharmacologies. Nanomolar concentrations of BRL37344 and clenbuterol, probably acting via beta2-adrenoceptors, have opposite effects on glucose uptake. The agonists preferentially stimulate fat rather than carbohydrate oxidation, but stimulation of endogenous fat oxidation cannot explain why 100 nM clenbuterol inhibited 2-deoxyglucose uptake.
Chemical Force Microscopy: Exploiting Chemically-Modified Tips To Quantify Adhesion, Friction, and Functional Group Distributions in Molecular Assemblies (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Force Microscopy: Exploiting Chemically-Modified Tips To Quantify Adhesion, Friction, and Functional Group Distributions in Molecular AssembliesAleksandr Noy, C. Daniel Frisbie, Lawrence F. Rozsnyai, Mark S. Wrighton, and Charles M. LieberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 30, 7943–7951Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00135a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00135a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2673Altmetric-Citations500LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Two- versus three-dimensional object-based video compression (1997)

This paper compares two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) object modeling in terms of their capabilities and performance (peak signal-to-noise-ratio and visual image quality) for very low bitrate video coding. We show that 2-D object-based coding with affine/perspective transformations and triangular mesh models can simulate almost all capabilities of 3-D object-based approaches using wireframe models at a fraction of the computational cost. Furthermore, experiments indicate that a 2-D mesh-based coder-decoder performs favorably compared to the new H.263 standard in terms of visual quality.
Unique Functions of CD11b+, CD8α+, and Double-Negative Peyer’s Patch Dendritic Cells (2001)

We have recently demonstrated the presence of three populations of dendritic cells (DC) in the murine Peyer's patch. CD11b(+)/CD8alpha(-) (myeloid) DCs are localized in the subepithelial dome, CD11b(-)/CD8alpha(+) (lymphoid) DCs in the interfollicular regions, and CD11b(-)/CD8alpha(-) (double-negative; DN) DCs at both sites. We now describe the presence of a novel population of intraepithelial DN DCs within the follicle-associated epithelium and demonstrate a predominance of DN DCs only in mucosal lymphoid tissues. Furthermore, we demonstrate that all DC subpopulations maintain their surface phenotype upon maturation in vitro, and secrete a distinct pattern of cytokines upon exposure to T cell and microbial stimuli. Only myeloid DCs from the PP produce high levels of IL-10 upon stimulation with soluble CD40 ligand(-) trimer, or Staphylococcus aureus and IFN-gamma. In contrast, lymphoid and DN, but not myeloid DCs, produce IL-12p70 following microbial stimulation, whereas no DC subset produces IL-12p70 in response to CD40 ligand trimer. Finally, we show that myeloid DCs from the PP are particularly capable of priming naive T cells to secrete high levels of IL-4 and IL-10, when compared with those from nonmucosal sites, while lymphoid and DN DCs from all tissues prime for IFN-gamma production. These findings thus suggest that DC subsets within mucosal tissues have unique immune inductive capacities.
Particle Scattering Factors of Some Branched Polymers (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParticle Scattering Factors of Some Branched PolymersWalter BurchardCite this: Macromolecules 1977, 10, 5, 919–927Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60059a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60059a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views587Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cause of Idiopathic Scoliosis (1999)

From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Address reprint requests to Masafumi Machida, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Nihon University School of Medicine 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamimachi Itabashi-ku Tokyo, Japan
Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Human Skin and Its Inhibition by Topically Applied Antioxidants (2001)

Cigarette smoke, whether indirect or direct stream, is an environmental pollutant which presents an increasing health problem. In order to determine damage to human skin at the biochemical level, volar forearms were exposed to cigarette smoke for fifteen minutes and then assayed for the presence of stratum corneum lipid peroxides. A time-dependent increase was observed over a 24-hour post-exposure period. At 24 h, the average baseline level of lipid peroxides was 14.9 nmol/unit area of skin as compared to 32.0 nmol/unit area of skin for the smoke-exposed arms. In addition, when topical antioxidants were pre-applied to the skin and then exposed to cigarette smoke, an average decrease of 40.9% in lipid peroxide values was observed. These data demonstrate that peroxidation was induced in human skin by cigarette smoke and subsequently inhibited by the presence of antioxidants.