gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platonic Gold Nanocrystals (2004)

Systematic shape evolution of gold nanocrystals with sizes between 100 and 300 nm was observed in a modified polyol process. By adding a surface-regulating polymer and foreign ions, one can readily access the distinct shapes of tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, and icosahedron (dubbed platonic nanocrystals, see picture) with high yield and good uniformity. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z54216_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Carboxyl Terminus of RNA Helicase A Contains a Bidirectional Nuclear Transport Domain (1999)

Human RNA helicase A was recently identified to be a shuttle protein which interacts with the constitutive transport element (CTE) of type D retroviruses. Here we show that a domain of 110 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus of helicase A is both necessary and sufficient for nuclear localization as well as rapid nuclear export of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins. The import and export activities of this domain overlap but are separable by point mutations. This bidirectional nuclear transport domain (NTD) has no obvious sequence homology to previously identified nuclear import or export signals. However, the Ran-dependent nuclear import of NTD was efficiently competed by excess amounts of the nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide from simian virus 40 large T antigen, suggesting that import is mediated by the classical NLS pathway. The nuclear export pathway accessed by NTD is insensitive to leptomycin B and thus is distinct from the leucine-rich nuclear export signal pathway mediated by CRM1.
Role of endosomes in gene transfection mediated by photochemical internalisation (PCI) (2000)

Photochemical transfection occurs through endocytosis, followed by cytosolic release of the transfecting DNA from photochemically permeabilised endocytic vesicles. Release of plasmid from early endosomes seems to be of importance in photochemical transfection, although a role of later endocytic vesicles can, however, not be ruled out.
Protective Effects of p38 MAPK Inhibitor SB202190 against Hippocampal Apoptosis and Spatial Learning and Memory Deficits in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia (2013)

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease resulting from chronic hypoxia. In the present study, we examined the protective effects of p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 against hippocampal apoptosis and spatial learning and memory deficits in a chronic hypoperfusion rat model of VaD established by permanent bilateral carotid occlusion (2-VO). Sixty rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, VaD model, and VaD plus SB202190 groups (n = 20/group). After sham/2-VO surgery, rats were administered 0.1% DMSO (sham-operated and VaD groups) or SB202190 by intracerebroventricular injection. One week after inhibitor/vehicle treatment, hippocampal p38 MAPK phosphorylation was higher in the model group than in the SB202190 group (P < 0.01). Compared to the model group, the SB202190 group exhibited significantly shorter escape latencies in the Morris water maze hidden platform trials (P < 0.01) and longer times in the original platform quadrant during probe trials (P < 0.01). The SB202190 group also showed significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus compared to VaD model rats (P < 0.01) as well as higher (antiapoptotic) Bcl-2 expression and lower (proapoptotic) caspase-3 expression (P < 0.01 for both). In conclusion, blockade of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway by SB202190 following permanent 2-OV reduced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and rescued spatial learning and memory deficits.
Antibody-induced antigenic modulation is antigen dependent: characterization of 22 proteins on a malignant human B cell line. (1986)

Expression of several of the surface antigens on normal and malignant hematopoietic cells is reduced or is modulated by incubation with specific antibodies. Although antigenic modulation provides a means by which cells can escape antibody-mediated immune destruction, the physiologic significance and frequency of this phenomenon are both poorly understood. To begin to address these issues, we identified and characterized surface antigens on the malignant B cell line Laz 221 established from a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Indirect immunofluorescence analysis with the use of 26 hematopoietic cell populations and immune precipitation studies with the use of iodinated ALL cells indicate that 163 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) identify 22 different proteins on this cell line, including at least six previously described surface molecules. Seven of these antigens are expressed by all nucleated cells examined, whereas only the mu chain of immunoglobulin is B cell specific. Incubation of specific MoAb with cultures of Laz 221 cells at 37 degrees C reduces or modulates surface expression of five of these 22 antigens (p45, immunoglobulin mu chain, transferrin receptor, common ALL antigen (CD10), and p105). Studies that made use of multiple MoAb specific for the same antigen suggest that the capacity for antigenic modulation is an intrinsic property of individual antigens. These studies also suggest that the murine immune response to shared human antigens varies from one immunizing cell population to another. For example, three of the antigens present on Laz 221 cells were only identified by MoAb raised to the Burkitt's cell line Ramos and vice-versa. Only one of these six shared antigens is present in greater amounts on the immunogenic cell population. Immunogenicity of individual human antigens in the mouse may be a function of their cell surface environment.
Improved Analysis of Heat Pulse Signals for Soil Water Flux Determination (2007)

Soil water flux ( J ) can be estimated from the velocity ( V ) of a pulse of heat introduced into the soil. Here we consider a method in which V is measured with a three‐probe sensor. The center probe heats the soil, and the outer probes measure temperature increases downstream ( T d ) and upstream ( T u ) from the heater. An equation was recently proposed for approximating J from the ratio T d / T u In this note we show that the accuracy of this equation can be improved by adding a term to correct for the time dependence of T d / T u This term is simple to evaluate and requires no additional measurements. Example calculations (three cases) are used to evaluate improvement in accuracy. When T d / T u is measured at a time of 45 s, relative errors in flux estimates are reduced from 10.5, 2.6, and −10.5% to 0.23, 0.06, and −0.23%, respectively, by using the correction term.
Capillary Electrophoresis of Inorganic Anions in Nonaqueous Media with Electrochemical and Indirect UV Detection (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCapillary Electrophoresis of Inorganic Anions in Nonaqueous Media with Electrochemical and Indirect UV DetectionHossein. Salimi-Moosavi and R. M. CassidyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 6, 1067–1073Publication Date (Print):March 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00102a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00102a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Site-Specific Hydrolysis of RNA by Europium(III) Texaphyrin Conjugated to a Synthetic Oligodeoxyribonucleotide (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSite-Specific Hydrolysis of RNA by Europium(III) Texaphyrin Conjugated to a Synthetic OligodeoxyribonucleotideD. Magda, R. A. Miller, J. L. Sessler, and B. L. IversonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 16, 7439–7440Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00095a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00095a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Antibiotic cycling or rotation: a systematic review of the evidence of efficacy (2004)

Of the interventions designed to reduce antibiotic resistance rates in hospitals, one that is currently attracting considerable interest, particularly in the intensive care unit setting, is antibiotic cycling or rotation. Cycling is the scheduled rotation of one class of antibiotics with one or more different classes exhibiting comparable spectra of activity; in order to fulfil the definition, the cycle must be repeated. Following a search of the literature we identified 11 articles in which the authors claimed to have evaluated the efficacy of this intervention. Only four were suitable for review, but, owing to multiple methodological flaws and a lack of standardization, the results of these studies do not permit reliable conclusions regarding the efficacy of cycling. Further studies are therefore required in order to resolve this question. However, before such studies can be undertaken, there are a great many issues relating to cycling which must be addressed. For the time being, we advise against the routine implementation of this measure as a means of reducing antibiotic resistance rates.
Genes and cancer (1990)

Part 1 Oncogenes: oncogenes as clinical tools, William Gullick and Karol Sikora the c-ras oncogene, Nick Lemoine the c-myc oncogene, Gerard Evan the N-myc oncogene and neuroblastoma, John Kemshead the c-myb oncogene and its regulation, E.Premkumar Reddy c-abl and leukaemia, Ralph B.Arlinghaus c-src - structure and function, Kentaro Semba and Kumao Toyoshima oncogenes and metastasis, Suzanne Eccles. Part 2 Gene control: inherited cancer syndromes, Bruce Ponder transcription factors, Matthew Ellis modulation of transcription factors by oncogenes, Yoshiaki Ito mitochondria in cancer cells, Lan Bo Chen viral trans-activating genes, Irwin S.Chen. Part 3 Molecular therapy - antibodies: designer antibodies, John Adair antibodies to synthetic peptides, Paul Sheppard targeted monoclonal antibodies, Richard Begent immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, Aga Epenetos endothelial cell attack as a novel approach to cancer therapy, Julie Denekamp. Part 4 Molecular therapy - drug resistance: drug resistance, John Smyth the cell membrane and drug resistance, Jane Plumb and Stan Kaye DNA repair and drug resistance, Adrian Harris flow cytometry and drug resistance, David Hedley. Part 5 Molecular therapy - growth factors and receptors: tumour growth factors, Paul Stroobant the bradykinin receptor, Ruth Roberts gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonists, Jonathan Waxman and Abdul Quayum inhibitors of growth factors, William Gullick. Part 5 Tumour biology: gene rearrangement in B-cell lymphomas, David Cunningham and Thomas Hickish gene rearrangement studies in T-cell lymphomas, Michael Brada colorectal cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis, Nigel Spurr lung cancer, Desmond Carney the biology of metastases, Peter Alexander bone marrow transplantation, Nicholas James.
A predictive model for slip resistance using artificial neural networks (1995)

This paper describes the formulation, building and validation of an artificial neural network model of the dynamic coefficient of friction (DCOF) as measured by a slip resistance testing device. The model predicts the DCOF as a function of six independent variables over a wide range of conditions. A grouped cross validation method is used to show the consistent performance of the model in predicting the DCOF for new values of the independent variables.
Cocaine Receptors on Dopamine Transporters Are Related to Self-Administration of Cocaine (1987)

Although cocaine binds to several sites in the brain, the biochemical receptor mechanism or mechanisms associated with its dependence producing properties are unknown. It is shown here that the potencies of cocaine-like drugs in self-administration studies correlate with their potencies in inhibiting [3H]mazindol binding to the dopamine transporters in the rat striatum, but not with their potencies in binding to a large number of other presynaptic and postsynaptic binding sites. Thus, the cocaine receptor related to substance abuse is proposed to be the one associated with dopamine uptake inhibition.
Long-term culture of hepatocytes: Effect of hormones on enzyme activities and metabolic capacity (1988)

(i) Hepatocytes isolated from adult rats were cultured for 2 to 3 weeks on collagen in a modified, serum-free Waymouth medium containing fatty acids and varying concentrations of glucocorticoid, insulin and glucagon. (ii) In the presence of all three hormones, it was possible to maintain the content of DNA, the activity of glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase at initial levels for 2 to 3 weeks. The activity of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase was affected by the concentration of insulin. (iii) The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase was stable for 3 days and declined to about 25% of the initial level after 2 weeks of culture, irrespective of the presence of hormones. (iv) Maintenance of albumin secretion was dependent on the presence of glucocorticoid, and glucocorticoid and insulin showed an additive or, at some time points, a synergistic effect on its secretion. (v) The content of cytochrome P-450 could be kept at 65% of the initial level, provided that a relatively high concentration of dexamethasone was present (10(-6) M). (vi) In the absence of hormones, urea synthesis was 70% of initial levels throughout the experimental period. With insulin and glucocorticoid present, a high concentration of glucagon (10(-8) M) was required to maintain the synthesis of urea at this level. (vii) It is concluded that hepatocyte cultures as described in the present study may be a useful, well-defined system for long-term metabolic, pharmacologic and toxicologic studies.
Raman spectroscopy and imaging: applications in human breast cancer diagnosis (2012)

The applications of spectroscopic methods in cancer detection open new possibilities in early stage diagnostics. Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging represent novel and rapidly developing tools in cancer diagnosis. In the study described in this paper Raman spectroscopy has been employed to examine noncancerous and cancerous human breast tissues of the same patient. The most significant differences between noncancerous and cancerous tissues were found in regions characteristic for the vibrations of carotenoids, lipids and proteins. Particular attention was paid to the role played by unsaturated fatty acids in the differentiation between the noncancerous and the cancerous tissues. Comparison of Raman spectra of the noncancerous and the cancerous tissues with the spectra of oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, γ-linolenic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids has been presented. The role of sample preparation in the determination of cancer markers is also discussed in this study.
Schwann cell invasion of the central nervous system of the myelin mutants (1997)

Schwann cells are excluded from the CNS during development by the glial limiting membrane, an area of astrocytic specialisation present at the nerve root transitional zone, and at blood vessels in the neuropil. This barrier, however, can be disrupted and, with the highly migratory nature of Schwann cells, can result in their invasion and myelination of the CNS in many pathological situations. In this paper we demonstrate that this occurs in a number of myelin mutants, including the myelin deficient (md) and taiep rats and the canine shaking (sh) pup. While it is still relatively uncommon in the rodent mutants, the sh pup shows extensive Schwann cell invasion along the neuraxis. This invasion involves the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum and increases in amount and distribution with age. In situ hybridisation studies using a Pzero riboprobe suggest that the likely origin of these cells in the sh pup is the nerve roots, primarily the dorsal roots. Paradoxically, Schwann cell myelination of the CNS increases with time in the sh pup despite a marked, progressive gliosis involving the glia limitans and neuropil. Thus the mechanism by which these cells migrate into the CNS through the gliosed nerve root transitional zone or from vasa nervorum remains unknown. Extensive Schwann cell CNS myelination may have therapeutic significance in human myelin disease.
Human HST1 (HSTF1) gene maps to chromosome band 11q13 and coamplifies with the INT2 gene in human cancer. (1988)

The human HST1 gene, previously designated the hst gene, and now assigned the name HSTF1 for heparin-binding secretory transforming factor in human gene nomenclature, was originally identified as a transforming gene in DNAs from human stomach cancers by transfection assay with mouse NIH 3T3 cells. The amino acid sequence of the product deduced from DNA sequences of the HST1 cDNA and genomic clones had approximately 40% homology to human basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors and mouse Int-2-encoded protein. We have mapped the human HST1 gene to chromosome 11 at band q13.3 by Southern blot hybridization analysis of a panel of human and mouse somatic cell hybrids and in situ hybridization with an HST1 cDNA probe. The HST1 gene was found to be amplified in DNAs obtained from a stomach cancer and a vulvar carcinoma cell line, A431. In all of these samples of DNA, the INT2 gene, previously mapped to human chromosome 11q13, was also amplified to the same degree as the HST1 gene.
The role of infection in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease: a new therapeutic target. (2001)

There is growing evidence that inflammatory processes may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. Viral and bacterial pathogens have been implicated as possible causative factors in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and restenosis after angioplasty. Antibiotic trials are now in progress to examine whether treatment of infection can prevent the complications of CAD. Atherosclerosis, the primary pathologic process in coronary artery disease (CAD), carotid artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and peripheral vascular disease, is no longer considered to be an obscure, slowly progressive, degenerative disease. Indeed, recent molecular studies on the atherosclerotic plaque have shown that the initiation, progression, and acute sequelae of atherosclerosis can be explained in part by a low-grade inflammatory process. Studies show that mediators of inflammation can be found at all stages of the life cycle of the atherosclerotic plaque. These include activated macrophages and lymphocytes, cytokines, growth factors, matrix degenerating proteinases, and tissue factor. It is hypothesized that risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, or elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol result in injury to the endothelial cell of the artery, and this injury initiates the inflammatory process. However, many patients with vascular disease do not have these established risk factors, and this observation has galvanized efforts to find new risk factors. Because inflammation is now considered to be an operative paradigm for atherosclerosis, it is not a major leap to the hypothesis that infectious agents, such as viral or bacterial, may play a role. Certainly this is not a new concept, and with the recent discovery that peptic ulcer disease, heretofore considered a disease of excess acid and reduced mucosal resistance, is caused by the ubiquitous bacterium Helicobacter pylori, interest in finding an infectious etiology for atherosclerosis has increased. Accordingly, the purpose of this discussion is to review in a historical manner the evidence that infectious agents-including herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Enterovirus (adenovirus, Coxsackie virus), Chlamydia pneumoniae, and H. pylori-may play a role in atherosclerosis and its manifestations, especially as they relate to CAD.
The origin of stress reduction by low-temperature AlN interlayers (2002)

Thin low-temperature AlN interlayers can be applied to reduce stress to grow thick crack-free AlGaN layers on GaN buffer layers on sapphire and thick crack-free GaN layers on Si. The mechanism leading to stress reduction is investigated by high resolution x-ray diffractometry measurements on metalorganic chemical vapor phase epitaxy grown samples on Si(111) with different interlayer deposition temperatures. A decrease of tensile stress with decreasing interlayer growth temperature is observed. From reciprocal space maps we conclude that interlayers grown at high temperatures are pseudomorphic, while grown at lower temperatures they are relaxed. Therefore, AlGaN or GaN layers grown on a low temperature AlN interlayer grow under compressive interlayer-induced strain. The stress in the GaN layer depends on the growth temperature that likely controls the amount of AlN interlayer relaxation.