gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gelation Characteristics and Osteogenic Differentiation of Stromal Cells in Inert Hydrolytically Degradable Micellar Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogels (2012)

The use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels in tissue engineering is limited by their persistence in the site of regeneration. In an attempt to produce inert hydrolytically degradable PEG-based hydrogels, star (SPELA) poly(ethylene glycol-co-lactide) acrylate macromonomers with short lactide segments (<15 lactides per macromonomer) were synthesized. The SPELA hydrogel was characterized with respect to gelation time, modulus, water content, sol fraction, degradation, and osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated marrow stromal cells (MSCs). The properties of SPELA hydrogel were compared with those of the linear poly(ethylene glycol-co-lactide) acrylate (LPELA). The SPELA hydrogel had higher modulus, lower water content, and lower sol fraction than the LPELA. The shear modulus of SPELA hydrogel was 2.2 times higher than LPELA, whereas the sol fraction of SPELA hydrogel was 5 times lower than LPELA. The degradation of SPELA hydrogel depended strongly on the number of lactide monomers per macromonomer (nL) and showed a biphasic behavior. For example, as nL increased from 0 to 3.4, 6.4, 11.6, and 14.8, mass loss increased from 7 to 37, 80, 100% and then deceased to 87%, respectively, after 6 weeks of incubation. The addition of 3.4 lactides per macromonomer (<10 wt % dry macromonomer or <2 wt % swollen hydrogel) increased mass loss to 50% after 6 weeks. Molecular dynamic simulations demonstrated that the biphasic degradation behavior was related to aggregation and micelle formation of lactide monomers in the macromonomer in aqueous solution. MSCs encapsulated in SPELA hydrogel expressed osteogenic markers Dlx5, Runx2, osteopontin, and osteocalcin and formed a mineralized matrix. The expression of osteogenic markers and extent of mineralization was significantly higher when MSCs were encapsulated in SPELA hydrogel with the addition of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). Results demonstrate that hydrolytically degradable PEG-based hydrogels are potentially useful as a delivery matrix for stem cells in regenerative medicine.
Adenoviral Mediated Interferon-α 2b Gene Therapy Suppresses the Pro-Angiogenic Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Superficial Bladder Cancer (2007)

Treatment with adenovirus mediated interferon 2b increases the angiostatic activity of the bladder cancer microenvironment. This inhibition may prove beneficial for treating superficial bladder cancer with adenovirus mediated interferon-alpha and hopefully contribute to a decreased recurrence rate of this neoplasm.
Photoinduced Cytotoxicity and Biodistribution of Prostate Cancer Cell-Targeted Porphyrins (2008)

A series of five porphyrin-peptide conjugates bearing one or two sequences containing a cell penetrating peptide (CPP), a nuclear localization signal (NLS), or a bifunctional CPP-NLS or NLS-CPP sequences were synthesized and investigated in vitro using PC-3M human prostate cancer cells, in comparison with FDA-approved purified hematoporphyrin derivative (Porfimer Sodium) and mTHPC. The most promising porphyrin-HIV-1 Tat (48-60) conjugate 2 [lowest dark cytotoxicity (IC50 = 38.0 microM), highest phototoxicity (IC50 = 0.40 microM at 1 J/cm2)] was further evaluated in an in vivo biodistribution study using SCID mice bearing PC-3M tumors, in comparison with purified hematoporphyrin derivative. Porphyrin conjugate 2 was more tumor selective than the hematoporphyrin derivative and accumulated to a significantly greater extent in tumors. Our results show that effective photodynamic cytotoxicity can be induced in human prostate cancer cells with minimal dark toxicity and that selective accumulation in prostate tumors can be achieved in vivo with porphyrin-targeted photosensitizers.
Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Promiscuous Human β-Chemokine Receptor D6 (1997)

Members of the chemokine family of chemotactic peptides interact with their target cells through heptahelical cell surface receptors. An understanding of the biochemistry and expression patterns of these receptors is therefore central to our overall understanding of the roles played by chemokines in both physiological and pathological processes. To date, eight receptors for the beta-chemokine subfamily have been described. We have recently cloned a novel murine beta-chemokine receptor and report here the identification and characterization of a highly homologous human gene termed human D6 (hD6). This is a promiscuous beta-chemokine receptor and appears to be able to bind the majority of members of the beta-chemokine family. It is, however, specific for this family and shows no detectable affinity for members of the alpha-chemokine or the C or CXXXC chemokines. Unlike the majority of other chemokine receptors, human D6 does not appear to be able to flux calcium following ligand binding, thus it is currently not clear if this novel receptor is indeed a signaling receptor. Human D6 is expressed in a range of tissues including hemopoietic cells although it appears not to be ubiquitously expressed in hemopoietic cells. Human D6, unlike some other beta-chemokine receptors, appears not to be able to function as an entry co-factor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-)1 on CD4-expressing cells.
Spread spectrum transmission on residential power line (2002)

Spread spectrum data transmission on residential electric power lines is investigated. As a fundamental problem transmission characteristics of a residential power line has been studied. First, the active impedance characteristics of various electric apparatus used in the ordinary customers house are measured and simulated by lumped constant impedance. Configurations of the residential power line network are statistically studied next. A novel approach to construct an artificial transmission line of the residential electric power line using these results is shown. Various noise arising from electric apparatus used in the residence are measured and classified according to its amplitude, time duration and time intervals statistically. Besides these, several experimental spread spectrum data transmission systems are constructed and trial tests are carried out. Several novel techniques such as, spread time spread spectrum system to suppress impulsive noise, system using a reference PN signal to cope with sudden change of the transmission line characteristic, parallel combinatory spread spectrum system to improve spectral efficiency are tested in the trial test. Some of the experimental results are shown.
Periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques isolated from patients with chronic periodontitis (2006)

The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in atheromatous plaques and the periodontal pockets of the same patients could indicate a role for periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the atherosclerosis disease process.
Itinerant agents for mobile computing (1995)

Describes a framework for itinerant agents that can be used to implement secure, remote applications in large, public networks such as the Internet or the IBM Global Network. Itinerant agents are programs, dispatched from a source computer, that roam among a set of networked servers until they accomplish their task. This is an extension to the client/server model in which the client sends a portion of itself to the server for execution. An additional feature of itinerant agents is their ability to migrate from server to server, perhaps seeking one that can help with the user's task or perhaps collecting information from all of them. A major focus of the article is the agent meeting point, an abstraction that supports the interaction of agents with each other and server based resources The article begins with an overview of the operation of an itinerant agent framework and a review of previous work. The authors consider likely applications of itinerant agents and discuss one specific example in detail. They give an architectural description of the structure of itinerant agents, the languages employed to create them, and the execution environments required at the servers; and also a detailed description of how an itinerant agent is processed at a server. Security issues are then discussed and finally they consider the technical advantages of the itinerant agent framework and the services it enables.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Oxygen-induced restructuring of rutile TiO2(110): formation mechanism, atomic models, and influence on surface chemistry (1999)

The rutile TiO2(110) (1×1) surface is considered the prototypical ‘well-defined’ system in the surface science of metal oxides. Its popularity results partly from two experimental advantages: (i) bulk-reduced single crystals do not exhibit charging, and (ii) stoichiometric surfaces, as judged by electron spectroscopies, can be prepared reproducibly by sputtering and annealing in oxygen. We present results that show that this commonly applied preparation procedure may result in a surface structure that is by far more complex than generally anticipated. Flat, (1×1)-terminated surfaces are obtained by sputtering and annealing in ultrahigh vacuum. When re-annealed in oxygen at moderate temperatures (470–660 K), irregular networks of partially connected, pseudohexagonal rosettes (6.5×6 Åwide), one-unit cell wide strands, and small (≈tens of Å) (1×1) islands appear. This new surface phase is formed through reaction of oxygen gas with interstitial Ti from the reduced bulk. Because it consists of an incomplete, kinetically limited (1×1) layer, this phenomenon has been termed ‘restructuring’. We report a combined experimental and theoretical study that systematically explores this restructuring process. The influence of several parameters (annealing time, temperature, pressure, sample history, gas) on the surface morphology is investigated using STM. The surface coverage of the added phase as well as the kinetics of the restructuring process are quantified by LEIS and SSIMS measurements in combination with annealing in 18O-enriched gas. Atomic models of the essential structural elements are presented and are shown to be stable with first-principles density functional calculations. The effect of oxygen-induced restructuring on surface chemistry and its importance for TiO2 and other bulk-reduced oxide materials is briefly discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Resolution, and Characterization of Ring Substituted Phenylalanines and Tryptophans. (1988)

Abstract Coupling of the benzyl chlorides (II) with diethyl acetamidomalonate (I) yields the alkylated malonates (III) which are hydrolyzed and decarboxylated to produce the racemic amino acids (IV).
An apparatus for measuring the thermal conductivity and viscosity of polymers under shearing strain (1997)

Due to the difficulty of finding an appropriate method and experimental set-up to measure thermal conductivity in shear flow, there have been very few publications about the effect of orientation on thermal conductivity in shear flow in the literature and viscosity is generally measured separately by using a different experimental set-up. In order to measure simultaneously the thermal conductivity and viscosity of polymer melts in shear flow, a concentric cylinder thermal conductivity cell which is similar in principle to a Couette viscometer has been built. Thermal conductivity can be measured at temperatures approaching and at strain rates up to . The outer cylinder may be rotated at the desired speed of rotation, while the inner cylinder which is stationary has a strain gauge mounted on its top in order to measure the torque and therefore the viscosity. The gap of 2 mm between the two cylinders is filled with polymer melt. The thermal conductivity is measured by a transient plane heat source method which consists of generating heat at a constant rate by using the nickel wire wrapped around the periphery of the inner cylinder and recording the temperature rise of the nickel wire as a function of time. The measurement process and the speed of the motor are controlled by a microcomputer.
Scavenger receptor CD36 is essential for the cerebrovascular oxidative stress and neurovascular dysfunction induced by amyloid-β (2011)

Increasing evidence indicates that cerebrovascular dysfunction plays a pathogenic role in Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Amyloid-β (Aβ), a peptide central to the pathogenesis of AD, has profound vascular effects mediated, for the most part, by reactive oxygen species produced by the enzyme NADPH oxidase. The mechanisms linking Aβ to NADPH oxidase-dependent vascular oxidative stress have not been identified, however. We report that the scavenger receptor CD36, a membrane glycoprotein that binds Aβ, is essential for the vascular oxidative stress and neurovascular dysfunction induced by Aβ1-40. Thus, topical application of Aβ1-40 onto the somatosensory cortex attenuates the increase in cerebral blood flow elicited by neural activity or by endothelium-dependent vasodilators in WT mice but not in CD36-null mice (CD36(0/0)). The cerebrovascular effects of infusion of Aβ1-40 into cerebral arteries are not observed in mice pretreated with CD36 blocking antibodies or in CD36(0/0) mice. Furthermore, CD36 deficiency prevents the neurovascular dysfunction observed in transgenic mice overexpressing the Swedish mutation of the amyloid precursor protein Tg2576 despite elevated levels of brain Aβ1-40. CD36 is also required for the vascular oxidative stress induced by exogenous Aβ1-40 or observed in Tg2576 mice. These observations establish CD36 as a key link between Aβ1-40 and the NADPH oxidase-dependent vascular oxidative stress underlying the neurovascular dysfunction and suggest that CD36 is a potential therapeutical target to counteract the cerebrovascular dysfunction associated with Aβ.
Selection of multiple-antibiotic-resistant (mar) mutants of Escherichia coli by using the disinfectant pine oil: roles of the mar and acrAB loci (1997)

Mutants of Escherichia coli selected for resistance to the disinfectant pine oil or to a household product containing pine oil also showed resistance to multiple antibiotics (tetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and nalidixic acid) and overexpressed the marA gene. Likewise, antibiotic-selected Mar mutants, which also overexpress marA, were resistant to pine oil. Deletion of the mar or acrAB locus, the latter encoding a multidrug efflux pump positively regulated in part by MarA, increased the susceptibility of wild-type and mutant strains to pine oil.
Bezafibrate lowers very long‐chain fatty acids in X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy fibroblasts by inhibiting fatty acid elongation (2012)

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene encoding ALDP, an ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transporter located in the peroxisomal membrane. ALDP deficiency results in impaired peroxisomal β-oxidation and the subsequent accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA; > C22:0) in plasma and tissues. VLCFA are primarily derived from endogenous synthesis by ELOVL1. Therefore inhibiting this enzyme might constitute a feasible therapeutic approach. In this paper we demonstrate that bezafibrate, a PPAR pan agonist used for the treatment of patients with hyperlipidaemia reduces VLCFA levels in X-ALD fibroblasts. Surprisingly, the VLCFA-lowering effect was independent of PPAR activation and not caused by the increase in either mitochondrial or peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation capacity. In fact, our results show that bezafibrate reduces VLCFA synthesis by decreasing the synthesis of C26:0 through a direct inhibition of fatty acid elongation activity. Taken together, our data indicate bezafibrate as a potential pharmacotherapeutic treatment for X-ALD. A clinical trial is currently ongoing to evaluate the effect in patients with X-ALD.
Immunostimulatory functions of membrane-bound and exported heat shock protein 70. (2005)

In the search for tumor-specific antigens, microbial and eukaryotic heat shock proteins (HSP) have been identified. Intracellularly, HSPs function as molecular chaperones supporting folding and transport of a great variety of polypeptides and proteins under normal physiological conditions and following stress stimuli. Furthermore, interferon-gamma and elevated body temperature induced by exercise have been found to increase serum levels of HSPs in humans. Extracellularly localized or plasma membrane-bound HSPs elicit a potent anti-cancer immune response mediated either by the adaptive or innate immune system. Following uptake of HSP (HSP70 and gp96)-peptide complexes by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and "cross-presentation" of HSP-chaperoned peptides on MHC class I molecules, a CD8-specific T cell response is induced. Apart from chaperoning tumor-specific peptides, HSPs per se provide activatory signals for the innate immune system. Binding of peptide-free HSP70 to APCs via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and thus results in a broad non-specific immunostimulation. An unusual membrane localization of Hsp70, the major heat-inducible member of the HSP70 family, on tumor cells but not on corresponding normal tissues was found to act as a tumor-specific recognition structure for natural killer (NK) cells. Soluble as well as cell membrane-bound HSP70 can directly activate the cytolytic and migratory capacity of NK cells. APCs and tumor cells actively release HSP70s in lipid vesicles with biophysical properties of exosomes. These HSP70-presenting exosomes are thought to stimulate the adaptive and innate immune system in vivo. Taken together, depending on their intra/extracellular localization, peptide loading status, origin and route of application, HSPs either exert immune activation as danger signals in cancer immunity or protect cells from lethal damage induced by exogenous stress stimuli.
Hippocampal Atrophy in Normal Aging (1993)

We conclude that HA is a common accompaniment of normal aging and is associated with mild memory impairment. Additional research is needed to determine whether HA constitutes a significant risk for future dementia.
Use your head (2006)

In this paper we present how face tracking can be implemented on mobile devices. Our main contribution is to present how face tracking on mobile systems can be used as a multi-dimensional input technique and to demonstrate how this can be used in different mobile applications. We present at set of different applications based on the tracking, and discuss current and future advantages, challenges and problems with face tracking as input device for mobile systems.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel ether lipid nucleoside conjugates for anti-HIV-1 activity (1991)

Combinations of an amidoalkylphosphocholine, 8, and AZT have been found to cause an apparent synergistic action in suppressing infectious HIV-1 replication. In addition, amidoalkyl, oxyalkyl, and thioalkyl ether lipids have been chemically linked to anti-HIV-1 nucleosides (AZT and DDI) through phosphate and phosphonate linkages. These conjugates have shown promising in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity. Also, the conjugates have a 5-10-fold reduction in cell cytotoxicity compared to AZT alone. The most active compound, an amidoalkyl ether lipid-AZT conjugates, 4A, was found to have a differential selectivity of 1793 in a syncytial plaque assay. In comparison, AZT alone has a value of 1281.
New synthesis of 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐thieno[2,3‐d]azepine (1985)

Abstract This paper describes two new access routes to 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4 H ‐thieno[2,3‐ d ]azepine from 2‐(2‐thienyl)ethylamine or its N ‐(2‐chlorobenzyl) derivative. One of these two syntheses involves a new ring expansion from a 6,7‐dihydro[3,2‐ c ]pyridinium derivative, chloromethylated in position 4.
Tumor-specific gene expression. (1994)

For gene therapy to become a realistic treatment modality for cancer, it must be at least as effective and, importantly, less toxic than current regimes of radio- and chemotherapy. Therefore, the therapeutic gene(s) must only be delivered to, or expressed in, the appropriate target cells. Whilst delivery vehicles with tropisms restricted at the level of the tumor cell surface are still being developed, protocols have been devised which target gene expression specifically to tumor cells, whilst minimizing expression in surrounding cells. Such tumor-cell specific gene expression can be achieved by any combination of localized gene delivery, the use of vectors with selectivity for dividing cells and incorporation of specific transcriptional regulatory sequences to restrict gene expression predominantly to tumor cells.
An intracellular calcium increase and protein kinase C activation fail to initiate T cell proliferation in the absence of a costimulatory signal. (1990)

Resting T lymphocytes proliferate in response to a combination of a calcium ionophore and a phorbol ester. This observation suggests that an increase in intracellular calcium free ion concentration [Ca2+]i and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) are sufficient signaling events for the initiation of T cell proliferation. In contrast, an accessory cell-generated costimulatory signal, acting independently of the rise in [Ca2+]i and PKC activation, is required for Ag-induced proliferation of type I T cell clones. We now report that this costimulatory signal is unexpectedly also being delivered via a cell-cell interaction during the response to ionomycin and phorbol ester. In the absence of this signal (at limiting cell numbers), T cells fail to divide. We also demonstrate that proliferation in response to immobilized anti-CD3 mAb requires the cell-cell interaction. These results suggest a model of T cell stimulation in which activation of a costimulatory signaling pathway is important in the regulation of the IL-2 gene, and only in the presence of this (third) signal can an increase in [Ca2+]i and PKC activity induce T cell proliferation. Such a model predicts that IL-2-dependent expansion of T cell clones in vivo in response to Ag receptor occupancy requires the delivery of an independent accessory cell-derived co-stimulatory signal.