gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Giant Amplification of Interfacially Driven Transport by Hydrodynamic Slip: Diffusio-Osmosis and Beyond (2006)

We demonstrate that "moderate" departures from the no-slip hydrodynamic boundary condition (hydrodynamic slip lengths in the nanometer range) can result in a very large enhancement--up to 2 orders of magnitude--of most interfacially driven transport phenomena. We study analytically and numerically the case of neutral solute diffusio-osmosis in a slab geometry to account for nontrivial couplings between interfacial structure and hydrodynamic slip. Possible outcomes are fast transport of particles in externally applied or self-generated gradient, and flow enhancement in nano- or microfluidic geometries.
Special HATs for special occasions: linking histone acetylation to chromatin assembly and gene activation (1996)

Post-translational acetylation of the core histone amino-terminal tails has long been associated with both chromatin assembly and the regulation of gene expression. The recent identification and cloning of histone acetyltransferase genes represents a significant breakthrough in our understanding of how specific acetylation states are established. Ongoing characterization of these enzymes and their molecular cohorts supports a direct role for acetylation in a signaling pathway that modulates chromatin structure to create new patterns of transcription.
Multisite, multimodal neuroimaging of chronic urological pelvic pain: Methodology of the MAPP Research Network (2016)

The Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network is an ongoing multi-center collaborative research group established to conduct integrated studies in participants with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS). The goal of these investigations is to provide new insights into the etiology, natural history, clinical, demographic and behavioral characteristics, search for new and evaluate candidate biomarkers, systematically test for contributions of infectious agents to symptoms, and conduct animal studies to understand underlying mechanisms for UCPPS. Study participants were enrolled in a one-year observational study and evaluated through a multisite, collaborative neuroimaging study to evaluate the association between UCPPS and brain structure and function. 3D T1-weighted structural images, resting-state fMRI, and high angular resolution diffusion MRI were acquired in five participating MAPP Network sites using 8 separate MRI hardware and software configurations. We describe the neuroimaging methods and procedures used to scan participants, the challenges encountered in obtaining data from multiple sites with different equipment/software, and our efforts to minimize site-to-site variation.
A Soluble Form of CD80 Enhances Antitumor Immunity by Neutralizing Programmed Death Ligand-1 and Simultaneously Providing Costimulation (2014)

Tumor cells use various methods of immunosuppression to overcome antitumor immunity. One such method is that of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1 or B7-H1), which upon binding its receptor PD-1 on T cells triggers apoptotic death of the activated T cells. Overexpression of the costimulatory molecule CD80 on PD-L1(+) tumor cells, or inclusion of a soluble form of CD80 (CD80-Fc), maintains the activation of PD-1(+)-activated T cells. Using T cells from CD28-deficient mice and antibodies to block CD28 on human T cells, we now report that a soluble form of CD80 mediates this effect by simultaneously neutralizing PD-1-PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression and by providing CD80-CD28 costimulation, and is more effective than antibodies to PD-L1 or PD-1 in maintaining IFNγ production by PD-1(+) activated T cells. Therefore, soluble CD80 may be a more effective therapeutic than these checkpoint antibodies for facilitating the development and maintenance of antitumor immunity because it has the dual functions of preventing PD-L1-mediated immunosuppression and simultaneously delivering the second signal for T-cell activation.
The Protein Kinase Cδ Catalytic Fragment Targets Mcl-1 for Degradation to Trigger Apoptosis (2006)

Proteolytic cleavage and subsequent activation of protein kinase C (PKC) delta is required for apoptosis induced by a variety of genotoxic agent, including UV radiation. In addition, overexpression of the constitutively active PKCdelta catalytic fragment (PKCdelta-cat) is sufficient to trigger Bax activation, cytochrome c release, and apoptosis. While PKCdelta is a key apoptotic effector, the downstream target(s) responsible for the mitochondrial apoptotic cascade are not known. We found that expression of the active PKCdelta-cat in HaCaT cells triggers a reduction in the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, similar to UV radiation. The down-regulation of Mcl-1 induced by PKCdelta-cat was not at the mRNA level but was due to decreased protein half-life. Overexpression of Mcl-1 protected HaCaT cells from both UV and PKCdelta-cat-induced apoptosis and blocked the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, indicating that Mcl-1 down-regulation was required for apoptosis signaling. Indeed, down-regulation of Mcl-1 with siRNA slightly increased the basal apoptotic rate of HaCaT cells and dramatically sensitized them to UV or PKCdelta-cat-induced apoptosis. HaCaT cells with down-regulated Mcl-1 had higher activated Bax protein, as measured by Bax cross-linking, indicating that Mcl-1 down-regulation is sufficient for Bax activation. Finally, recombinant PKCdelta could phosphorylate Mcl-1 in vitro, identifying Mcl-1 as a direct target for PKCdelta. Overall our results identify Mcl-1 as an important target for PKCdelta-cat that can mediate its pro-apoptotic effects on mitochondria to amplify the apoptotic signaling induced by a wide range of apoptotic stimuli.
Psychosocial Factors Related to the Use of InterStim® for the Treatment of Refractory Overactive Bladder (2014)

The level of optimism did not correlate with satisfaction with InterStim treatment, change in OAB symptoms, or OAB-related quality of life. Health-related quality of life, OAB symptoms, depression, and body image improved after InterStim treatment.
The Effect of Wash Temperature on Removal of Particulate and Oily Soil from Fabrics of Varying Fiber Content (1982)

In the laundry process relatively high wash temperatures have traditionally been used for optimum soil removal. The use of lower wash temperatures could result in a substantial reduction in the amount of energy used in laundering. One of the purposes of this study was to determine soil removal at a range of wash temperatures with detergents of different formulations from cotton, polyester, and cotton/polyester fabrics. A second purpose was to evaluate the use of x-ray fluorescence analysis as a quantitative measure for determining particulate soil removal from fabrics. The samples were soiled by application of clay and either unlabeled or doubly-labeled synthetic sebum. Removal of oily soil was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the samples. Clay removal was measured by x-tay fluorescence analyses of iron and silicon, and overall soil removal was measured by changes in reflectance. Both clay and oily soil appeared to be best removed from cotton fabrics by higher wash temperatures. Low wash temperatures were best in removing the nonpolar fraction (triolein) of oily soil from polyester. Use of phosphate-built anionic detergents generally resulted in better soil removal than other types, regardless of wash temperature. Wash temperatures as low as 10°C gave acceptable soil-removal levels. Iron content varied with clay-particle size, thus silicon was the preferred indicator of clay content of fabrics.
IL‐6: Regulator of Treg/Th17 balance (2010)

IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the physiology of virtually every organ system. Recent studies have demonstrated that IL-6 has a very important role in regulating the balance between IL-17-producing Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Treg). The two T-cell subsets play prominent roles in immune functions: Th17 cell is a key player in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and protection against bacterial infections, while Treg functions to restrain excessive effector T-cell responses. IL-6 induces the development of Th17 cells from naïve T cells together with TGF-beta; in contrast, IL-6 inhibits TGF-beta-induced Treg differentiation. Dysregulation or overproduction of IL-6 leads to autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in which Th17 cells are considered to be the primary cause of pathology. Given the critical role of IL-6 in altering the balance between Treg and Th17 cells, controlling IL-6 activities is potentially an effective approach in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here, we review the role of IL-6 in regulating Th17/Treg balance and describe the critical functions of IL-6 and Th17 in immunity and immune-pathology.
Endoxifen’s Molecular Mechanisms of Action Are Concentration Dependent and Different than That of Other Anti-Estrogens (2013)

Endoxifen, a cytochrome P450 mediated tamoxifen metabolite, is being developed as a drug for the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. Endoxifen is known to be a potent anti-estrogen and its mechanisms of action are still being elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that endoxifen-mediated recruitment of ERα to known target genes differs from that of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4HT) and ICI-182,780 (ICI). Global gene expression profiling of MCF7 cells revealed substantial differences in the transcriptome following treatment with 4HT, endoxifen and ICI, both in the presence and absence of estrogen. Alterations in endoxifen concentrations also dramatically altered the gene expression profiles of MCF7 cells, even in the presence of clinically relevant concentrations of tamoxifen and its metabolites, 4HT and N-desmethyl-tamoxifen (NDT). Pathway analysis of differentially regulated genes revealed substantial differences related to endoxifen concentrations including significant induction of cell cycle arrest and markers of apoptosis following treatment with high, but not low, concentrations of endoxifen. Taken together, these data demonstrate that endoxifen's mechanism of action is different from that of 4HT and ICI and provide mechanistic insight into the potential importance of endoxifen in the suppression of breast cancer growth and progression.
Metal‐mediated gem‐Difluoroallylation of N‐Acylhydrazones: Highly Efficient Synthesis of α,α‐Difluorohomoallylic Amines (2009)

Abstract Indium‐mediated gem ‐difluoroallylation of aldehyde‐derived N ‐acylhydrazones 1a – 1q and 4a – 4g with 3‐bromo‐3,3‐difluoropropene 2 afforded α , α ‐difluorohomoallylic hydrazides 3a – 3q and 5a – 5g in high yields, respectively. Functional groups such as nitro, phenolic hydroxyl, benzyloxy and even C=C bonds of α , β ‐unsaturated aldehydes were compatible under this mild and operationally simple gem ‐difluoroallylic reaction condition. By means of substitution of Zn powder for indium, gem ‐difluoroallylation of ketone‐derived N ‐acylhydrazones 6a – 6d also provided the corresponding α , α ‐difluorohomoallylic hydrazides 7a – 7d in medium yields. The N–N bond cleavage of the hydrazide 3a proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding primary gem ‐difluorohomoallylic amine 8 , which could be converted to gem ‐difluoro‐ δ ‐substituted α , β ‐unsaturated lactam 11 via acryloylation followed by ring closing metathesis (RCM) reaction.
TCP-friendly Internet video streaming employing variable frame-rate encoding and interpolation (2000)

A feedback-based Internet video transmission scheme based on ITU-T H.263+ is presented. The proposed system is capable of continually accommodating its stream size and managing the packet loss recovery in response to network condition changes. It consists of multiple components: TCP-friendly end-to-end congestion control and available bandwidth estimation, encoding frame-rate control and delay-based smoothing at the sender, media-aware packetization and packet loss recovery tied with congestion control, and quality recovery tools such as motion-compensated frame interpolation at the receiver. These components are designed to meet the low computational complexity requirement so that the whole system can operate in real-time. Among these, the video-aware congestion control known as a receiver-based congestion control mechanism, the variable frame-rate H.263+ encoding, and fast motion-compensated frame interpolation components are key features. Through a seamless integration, it is demonstrated that network adaptivity is enhanced enough to mitigate the packet loss and bandwidth fluctuation, resulting in a more smooth video experience at the receiver.
Wavelength swept amplified spontaneous emission source for high speed retinal optical coherence tomography at 1060 nm (2010)

The wavelength swept amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source presented in this paper is an alternative approach to realize a light source for high speed swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT). ASE alternately passes a cascade of different optical gain elements and tunable optical bandpass filters. In this work we show for the first time a wavelength swept ASE source in the 1060 nm wavelength range, enabling high speed retinal OCT imaging. We demonstrate ultra-rapid retinal OCT at a line rate of 170 kHz, a record sweep rate at 1060 nm of 340 kHz with 70 nm full sweep width, enabling an axial resolution of 11 μm. Two different implementations of the source are characterized and compared to each other. The last gain element is either a semiconductor optical amplifier or an Ytterbium-doped fibre amplifier enabling high average output power of >40 mW. Various biophotonic imaging examples provide a wide range of quality benchmarks achievable with such sources.
The risk of pancreatic cancer in symptomatic patients in primary care: a large case–control study using electronic records (2012)

Most previously reported symptoms of pancreatic cancer were also relevant in primary care. Although predictive values were small - apart from jaundice - they provide a basis for selection of patients for investigation, especially with multiple symptoms.
Physical characterisation of the Escherichia coli B gene encoding nitroreductase and its over-expression in Escherichia coli K12 (1994)

The Escherichia coli B gene (nfnB) encoding nitroreductase has been cloned in Escherichia coli K-12 and its nucleotide sequence determined. The translated amino acid sequence was found to share substantial identity (88.5%) with the equivalent proteins of Enterobacter cloacae and Salmonella typhimurium. When the structural gene was placed under the transcriptional control of either the trp or lac promoter, recombinant nitroreductase was accumulated to 33% and 25% of the cell's soluble protein, respectively. Substitution of the nfrB ribosome binding site with that of the E. coli lacZ gene reduced production levels of nitroreductase. The sequenced region also contained two incomplete open reading frames of unknown function.
The Role of B Cells for in Vivo T Cell Responses to a Friend Virus-Induced Leukemia (1990)

B cells can function as antigen-presenting cells and accessory cells for T cell responses. This study evaluated the role of B cells in the induction of protective T cell immunity to a Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV)-induced leukemia (FBL). B cell-deficient mice exhibited significantly reduced tumor-specific CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses after priming with FBL or a recombinant vaccinia virus containing F-MuLV antigens. Moreover, these mice had diminished T cell responses to the vaccinia viral antigens. Tumor-primed T cells transferred into B cell-deficient mice effectively eradicated disseminated FBL. Thus, B cells appear necessary for efficient priming but not expression of tumor and viral T cell immunity.
Effects of expression of mammalian G alpha and hybrid mammalian-yeast G alpha proteins on the yeast pheromone response signal transduction pathway. (1990)

Scg1, the product of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCG1 (also called GPA1) gene, is homologous to the alpha subunits of G proteins involved in signal transduction in mammalian cells. Scg1 negatively controls the pheromone response pathway in haploid cells. Either pheromonal activation or an scg1 null mutation relieves the negative control and leads to an arrest of cell growth in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Expression of rat G alpha s was previously shown to complement the growth defect of scg1 null mutants while not allowing mating. We have extended this analysis to examine the effects of the short form of G alpha s (which lacks 15 amino acids present in the long form), G alpha i2, G alpha o, and Scg1-mammalian G alpha hybrids. In addition, we have found that constructs able to complement scg1 are also able to inhibit the response to pheromone and mating when expressed in a wild-type SCG1 strain. Overexpression of Scg1 has a similar inhibitory effect. These results are consistent with a model proposed for the action of Scg1 as the alpha component of a heterotrimeric G protein in which the beta gamma component (Ste4/Ste18) activates the pheromone response after dissociation from Scg1. They suggest that the G alpha constructs able to complement scg1 can interact with beta gamma to prevent activation of the pathway but are unable to interact with pheromone receptors to activate the pathway.
Combined Topical Fluconazole and Corticosteroid Treatment for ExperimentalCandida albicansKeratomycosis (2003)

Fluconazole plus adjunct high-dose prednisolone treatment was most effective when administered 9 days after infection. The delayed application of corticosteroids after treatment with antimycotic drugs in cases of fungal keratitis is therefore not contraindicated and may be beneficial in patients.
Regional cerebral blood flow in fibromyalgia: Single-photon-emission computed tomography evidence of reduction in the pontine tegmentum and thalami (2000)

Our finding of a reduction in thalamic rCBF is consistent with findings of functional brain imaging studies of other chronic clinical pain syndromes, while our finding of reduced pontine tegmental rCBF is new. The pathophysiologic significance of these changes in FM remains to be elucidated.
Topological distribution of two connexin32 antigenic sites in intact and split rodent hepatocyte gap junctions. (1988)

The membrane topology of connexin32, a principal polypeptide of gap junctions in diverse cell types, has been studied in rat and mouse hepatocyte gap junctions using site-specific antisera raised against synthetic oligopeptides corresponding to amino acid sequences deduced from cDNA clones. Based on published hydropathicity maps and identified protease-sensitive cleavage sites, oligopeptides were synthesized corresponding to two hydrophilic domains of connexin32, one predicted to face the cytoplasm, the other predicted to be directed extracellularly. Antisera were raised to keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugates of the oligopeptides and used to map the distribution of their antigens using indirect immunocytochemistry on isolated gap junctions. The results directly demonstrated the cytoplasmic orientation of an antigen contained within amino acids 98-124 of the connexin32 sequence. The extracellular space in intact, isolated gap junctions is too small to permit binding of antibody molecules, necessitating the experimental separation of the junctional membranes to expose their extracellular surfaces using a urea/alkali procedure. While an antigen contained within amino acids 164-189 was visualized on the extracellular surfaces of some of the separated junctional membranes, variability in the observations and in the splitting procedure left ambiguities concerning the biological relevance of the observations after the denaturing conditions necessary to separate the junctional membranes. Using a different approach, however, the antigen could be exposed in intact liver using a hypertonic disaccharide junction-splitting procedure. The period of time of antigen exposure at the cell surface appears to peak at 30 s and disappear by 2-4 min. Taken together, these data demonstrate the extracellular orientation of an antigen contained within amino acids 164-189, which may be involved in cell-cell interaction within the gap junction.
Improved Energy Capture in Series String Photovoltaics via Smart Distributed Power Electronics (2009)

This paper proposes an improved module integrated converter to increase energy capture in the photovoltaic (PV) series string. Prototypes for self-powered, high efficiency dc-dc converters that operate with autonomous control for tracking the maximum power of solar panels locally and on a fine scale are simulated, built and tested. The resulting module is a low-cost, reliable smart PV panel that operates independently of the geometry and complexity of the surrounding system. The controller maximizes energy capture by selection of one of three possible modes: buck, boost and pass-through. Autonomous controllers achieve noninteracting maximum power point tracking and a constant string voltage. The proposed module-integrated converters are verified in simulation. Experimental results show that the converter prototype achieves efficiencies of over 95% for most of its operating range. A 3-module PV series string was tested under mismatched solar irradiation conditions and increases of up to 38% power capture were measured.
The effect of various vitamin E derivatives on the urokinase-plasminogen activator system of ovine macrophages and neutrophils (2003)

The effect of vitamin E derivatives on the urokinase-plasminogen activator (u-PA) system of resting and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-activated ovine macrophages and neutrophils were investigated. Blood monocyte-macrophages and neutrophils were isolated from twenty-four animals. Macrophages or neutrophils were cultured in vitro for 3 or 24 h with or without various vitamin E derivatives: free alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T), alpha-tocopheryl acetate (alpha-TA), or alpha-tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TS). Following incubation, cells were stimulated with 80 microm-PMA. Total cell-associated u-PA, membrane-bound u-PA and free u-PA binding sites were determined before and after stimulation with PMA. Results showed that none of the vitamin E derivatives had any effect (P>0.05) on the u-PA system of resting monocyte-macrophages or neutrophils. In contrast, alpha-TS, but not alpha-TA or alpha-T, increased (P<0.01) total cell-associated u-PA and membrane-bound u-PA of PMA-stimulated macrophages and neutrophils. alpha-TS had no effect (P>0.05) on total u-PA and membrane-bound u-PA activities of macrophages and neutrophils cultured in the presence of 4-phorbol 12,13 didecanoate, a phorbol ester that does not activate protein kinase (PK) C. Addition of H7 (1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride), which is a potent inhibitor of both PK A and C, completely abolished the effect of alpha-TS on total cell-associated u-PA and membrane-bound u-PA of PMA-activated macrophages and neutrophils. Addition of HA1004 (N-(2-quanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinoline sulfonamide hydrochloride), which is a potent PK A but a weak PK C inhibitor, had no effect (P>0.05) on total cell-associated u-PA and membrane-bound u-PA of PMA-activated macrophages and neutrophils cultured in the presence of alpha-TS. Thus, PK C modulates the effect of alpha-TS on the u-PA system of ovine macrophages and neutrophils.