gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Common Pathway for Dendritic Cell and Early B Cell Development (2001)

B cells and dendritic cells (DCs) each develop from poorly described progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM). Although a subset of DCs has been proposed to arise from lymphoid progenitors, a common developmental pathway for B cells and BM-derived DCs has not been clearly identified. To address this possibility, we performed a comprehensive analysis of DC differentiative potential among lymphoid and B lymphoid progenitor populations in adult mouse BM. We found that both the common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), shown here and elsewhere to give rise exclusively to lymphocytes, and a down-stream early B-lineage precursor population devoid of T and NK cell precursor potential each give rise to DCs when exposed to the appropriate cytokines. This result contrasts with more mature B-lineage precursors, all of which failed to give rise to detectable numbers of DCs. Significantly, both CLP and early B-lineage-derived DCs acquired several surface markers associated with functional DCs, and CLP-derived DCs readily induced proliferation of allogeneic CD4(+) T cells. Surprisingly, however, DC differentiation from both lymphoid-restricted progenitors was accompanied by up-regulation of CD11b expression, a cell surface molecule normally restricted to myeloid lineage cells including putative myeloid DCs. Together, these data demonstrate that loss of DC developmental potential is the final step in B-lineage commitment and thus reveals a previously unrecognized link between early B cell and DC ontogeny.
Tumor Rejection After Direct Costimulation of CD8 + T Cells by B7-Transfected Melanoma Cells (1993)

A variety of tumors are potentially immunogenic but do not stimulate an effective anti-tumor immune response in vivo. Tumors may be capable of delivering antigen-specific signals to T cells, but may not deliver the costimulatory signals necessary for full activation of T cells. Expression of the costimulatory ligand B7 on melanoma cells was found to induce the rejection of a murine melanoma in vivo. This rejection was mediated by CD8+ T cells; CD4+ T cells were not required. These results suggest that B7 expression renders tumor cells capable of effective antigen presentation, leading to their eradication in vivo.
Recognition of mixed-sequence duplex DNA by alternate-strand triple-helix formation (1990)

Oligodeoxyribonucleotide-directed triple-helix formation offers a chemical approach for the sequence-specific binding of double-helical DNA that is 10^6 times more specific than restriction enzymes. Because triple-helix formation by pyrimidine oligonucleotides is limited to purine tracts, it is desirable to find a general solution whereby oligonucleotides could be used to bind all four base pairs of intact duplex DNA (37 °C, pH 7.0). Approaches toward such a goal include the following: the search for other natural triplet specificities, such as G-TA triplets; the design of nonnatural bases for completion of the triplet code; the incorporation of abasic residues for nonreading of certain base pairs; and the design of oligonucleotides capable of binding alternate strands of duplex DNA by triple-helix formation. We report that a pyrimidine oligodeoxyribonucleotide-EDTA-Fe containing a 3'-3' phosphodiester and a 1,2-dideoxy-~ribose linker binds and cleaves a mixed-sequence double-helical DNA target site by alternate-strand triple-helix formation.
High-Molecular-Weight Polyphenols from Oolong Tea and Black Tea: Purification, Some Properties, and Role in Increasing Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (2007)

High-molecular-weight polyphenols from oolong and black teas increased mitochondrial membrane potential, as measured by a method using ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena and rhodamine 123. These polyphenols, referred to as mitochondrial activation factors (MAFs), were purified from oolong and black teas by solvent extraction and Toyopearl column chromatography. The number-average molecular weights of the MAFs were 9,000 to 18,000, and the weight-average molecular weights were 15,000 to 25,000. The MAFs increased the mitochondrial membrane potential more than catechins did. Treatment of the MAFs with tannase indicated that they contained galloyl residues. When the MAFs were hydrolyzed with HCl-n-BuOH, cyanidin and delphinidin were detected. The partial structure of the MAFs was analyzed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nine compounds were identified. These results suggest that MAFs are heterogeneous polymers of flavan-3-ols and flavan-3-ol gallates with intermonomeric linkages of B-ring to B-ring and C-ring to A-ring.
Human interleukin-10-related T cell-derived inducible factor: Molecular cloning and functional characterization as an hepatocyte-stimulating factor (2000)

IL-10-related T cell-derived inducible factor (IL-TIF or IL-21) is a new cytokine structurally related to IL-10 and originally identified in the mouse as a gene induced by IL-9 in T cells and mast cells. Here, we report the cloning of the human IL-TIF cDNA, which shares 79% amino acid identity with mouse IL-TIF and 25% identity with human IL-10. Recombinant human IL-TIF was found to activate signal transducer and activator of transcription factors-1 and -3 in several hepatoma cell lines. IL-TIF stimulation of HepG2 human hepatoma cells up-regulated the production of acute phase reactants such as serum amyloid A, alpha1-antichymotrypsin, and haptoglobin. Although IL-10 and IL-TIF have distinct activities, antibodies directed against the beta chain of the IL-10 receptor blocked the induction of acute phase reactants by IL-TIF, indicating that this chain is a common component of the IL-10 and IL-TIF receptors. Similar acute phase reactant induction was observed in mouse liver upon IL-TIF injection, and IL-TIF expression was found to be rapidly increased after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, suggesting that this cytokine contributes to the inflammatory response in vivo.
Regulation of inducible gene expression by natural antisense transcripts (2011)

Natural antisense transcripts are frequently transcribed from many genes in eukaryotes. Although natural antisense transcripts have been recognized for a long time, their importance has been overlooked due to their heterogeneity, low expression level, and unknown function. Genes induced in responses to various external stimuli are transcriptionally regulated by the activation of a gene promoter and post-transcriptionally regulated by controlling mRNA stability and translatability. Recent studies have shed light on the functions of natural antisense transcripts at the post-transcriptional level. An antisense transcript may regulate gene expression with cis-controlling elements on the mRNA, and the antisense transcript itself may act in concert with trans-acting factors, including various proteins that bind to cis-controlling elements, drugs, and microRNAs. A novel mechanism recently reported to regulate mRNA stability includes the interaction of the antisense transcript with mRNA by hybridization to single-stranded loops in secondary structures. This antisense transcript-mediated post-transcriptional regulation may be one of the general mechanisms for the regulation of inducible gene expression and presents the possibility of the involvement of natural antisense transcripts in disease.
In Vivo Biomolecule Corona around Blood-Circulating, Clinically Used and Antibody-Targeted Lipid Bilayer Nanoscale Vesicles (2015)

The adsorption of proteins and their layering onto nanoparticle surfaces has been called the "protein corona". This dynamic process of protein adsorption has been extensively studied following in vitro incubation of many different nanoparticles with plasma proteins. However, the formation of protein corona under dynamic, in vivo conditions remains largely unexplored. Extrapolation of in vitro formed protein coronas to predict the fate and possible toxicological burden from nanoparticles in vivo is of great interest. However, complete lack of such direct comparisons for clinically used nanoparticles makes the study of in vitro and in vivo formed protein coronas of great importance. Our aim was to study the in vivo protein corona formed onto intravenously injected, clinically used liposomes, based on the composition of the PEGylated liposomal formulation that constitutes the anticancer agent Doxil. The formation of in vivo protein corona was determined after the recovery of the liposomes from the blood circulation of CD-1 mice 10 min postinjection. In comparison, in vitro protein corona was formed by the incubation of liposomes in CD-1 mouse plasma. In vivo and in vitro formed protein coronas were compared in terms of morphology, composition and cellular internalization. The protein coronas on bare (non-PEGylated) and monoclonal antibody (IgG) targeted liposomes of the same lipid composition were also comparatively investigated. A network of linear fibrillary structures constituted the in vitro formed protein corona, whereas the in vivo corona had a different morphology but did not appear to coat the liposome surface entirely. Even though the total amount of protein attached on circulating liposomes correlated with that observed from in vitro incubations, the variety of molecular species in the in vivo corona were considerably wider. Both in vitro and in vivo formed protein coronas were found to significantly reduce receptor binding and cellular internalization of antibody-conjugated liposomes; however, the in vivo corona formation did not lead to complete ablation of their targeting capability.
Efficient Smart CMOS Camera Based on FPGAs Oriented to Embedded Image Processing (2011)

This article describes an image processing system based on an intelligent ad-hoc camera, whose two principle elements are a high speed 1.2 megapixel Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) sensor and a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The latter is used to control the various sensor parameter configurations and, where desired, to receive and process the images captured by the CMOS sensor. The flexibility and versatility offered by the new FPGA families makes it possible to incorporate microprocessors into these reconfigurable devices, and these are normally used for highly sequential tasks unsuitable for parallelization in hardware. For the present study, we used a Xilinx XC4VFX12 FPGA, which contains an internal Power PC (PPC) microprocessor. In turn, this contains a standalone system which manages the FPGA image processing hardware and endows the system with multiple software options for processing the images captured by the CMOS sensor. The system also incorporates an Ethernet channel for sending processed and unprocessed images from the FPGA to a remote node. Consequently, it is possible to visualize and configure system operation and captured and/or processed images remotely.
A Raman Waveguide Detector for Liquid Chromatography (1999)

A novel real-time liquid core Raman waveguide detector designed for liquid chromatographic applications is described. The Raman waveguide detector provides enhanced selectivity over typical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detectors. The waveguide detector also greatly improves the sensitivity of a typical Raman measurement without resorting to surface enhancement or resonance approaches and is compatible with the typical peak width volumes eluted by microbore and minibore HPLC (packed 1-2-mm-i.d. columns). Detection limit enhancements of over 1000-fold have been achieved for the measurement of alcohols in the aqueous phase with the Raman cell utilizing liquid core waveguide technology. The liquid core waveguides demonstrated in this study were constructed using Teflon AF 2400 tubing with a refractive index of 1.29. The low refractive index of the polymer material allowed HPLC separations with Raman detection to be performed with an aqueous mobile phase. A calibration curve for aqueous solutions of 2-propanol was generated and a limit of detection (LOD) of 2 ppm was determined. The Raman waveguide detector is demonstrated for the HPLC analysis of alcohol test mixtures, with LODs in the low-ppm range at the detector. By coupling the temporal separation achieved by HPLC with the vibrational information gleaned from Raman detection, an information-rich multivariate data matrix is obtained that can be deconvoluted to provide chemical speciation even when the HPLC resolution is poor. In this paper, we will discuss the physical and optical design of the Raman waveguide detector and the demonstration of the detector for HPLC detection.
LOX-1 The Multifunctional Receptor Underlying Cardiovascular Dysfunction (2009)

Oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is the initial change in the vascular wall that induces morphological changes for atheroma-formation. Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) was identified as the receptor for oxLDL that was thought to be a major cause of endothelial dysfunction. LOX-1 has been demonstrated to contribute not only to endothelial dysfunction, but also to atherosclerotic-plaque formation, myocardial infarction and intimal thickening after balloon injury. Recent findings on the genetics of LOX-1 and the methodology to detect it and its ligands would further facilitate the examination of the receptor's pathophysiological contribution in atherosclerosis. Furthermore, LOX-1-related tools might open new gateways from diagnosis to therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases.
Bempedoic Acid (ETC-1002): an Investigational Inhibitor of ATP Citrate Lyase (2016)

Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002), a novel therapeutic approach for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering, inhibits ATP citrate lyase (ACL), an enzyme involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. Although rodent studies suggested potential effects of ACL inhibition on both fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, studies in humans show an effect only on cholesterol synthesis. In phase 2 studies, ETC-1002 reduced LDL-C as monotherapy, combined with ezetimibe, and added to statin therapy, with LDL-C lowering most pronounced when ETC-1002 was combined with ezetimibe in patients who cannot tolerate statins. Whether clinically relevant favorable effects on other cardiometabolic risk factors such as hyperglycemia and insulin resistance occur in humans is unknown and requires further investigation. Promising phase 2 results have led to the design of a large phase 3 program to gain more information on efficacy and safety of ETC-1002 in combination with statins and when added to ezetimibe in statin-intolerant patients.
A low-cost testing for transient faults (2006)

Unconventional and low - cost software implemented testing technique for processor transient faults are briefly discussed here. On-line signatures of the Processor Status Register have been used here for detecting transient faults.
The Use of Dipyrromethene Ligands in Supramolecular Chemistry (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe Use of Dipyrromethene Ligands in Supramolecular ChemistryYongjun Zhang, Alison Thompson, Steven J. Rettig, and David DolphinView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6T 1Z1 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 51, 13537–13538Publication Date (Web):December 30, 1998Publication History Received5 October 1998Published online30 December 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9834982Copyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1118Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (110 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Counterions,Ligands,Self organization,X-rays Get e-Alerts
Improving similarity measures for short segments of text (2007)

In this paper we improve previous work on measuring the similarity of short segments of text in two ways. First, we introduce a Web-relevance similarity measure and demonstrate its effectiveness. This measure extends the Web-kernel similarity function introduced by Sahami and Heilman (2006) by using relevance weighted inner-product of term occurrences rather than TF×IDF. Second, we show that one can further improve the accuracy of similarity measures by using a machine learning approach. Our methods outperform other state-of-the-art methods in a general query suggestion task for multiple evaluation metrics.
Redox-active radical scavenging nanomaterials (2010)

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a critical role in many degenerative diseases and in aging. Nanomaterials, especially modified fullerenes and cerium oxide nanoparticles, have been shown to effectively protect mammalian cells against damage caused by increased reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, likely through their direct reaction with superoxide radical, since each of these materials has been shown to act as effective superoxide dismutase mimetics in vitro. This critical review discusses the chemistry of these nanomaterials and the context in which their radical scavenging activities have been studied in biological model systems. Current studies are focused on determining the uptake, metabolism, distribution, toxicity and fate of these nanomaterials in cell and animal model systems. Ultimately if shown to be safe, these nanomaterials have the potential to be used to reduce the damaging effects of radicals in biological systems (101 references).
Phase II trial of 177Lutetium radiolabeled anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) monoclonal antibody J591 (177Lu- J591) in patients (pts) with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (metCRPC) (2008)

5140 Background: A phase 1 trial of 177Lu-J591 in pts with metCRPC demonstrated acceptable toxicity, excellent targeting of met sites and biologic activity. Methods: Two successive cohorts of pts with progressive metCRPC receive one dose of 177Lu -J591: Cohort 1 (65mCi/m2), 15 pts; Cohort 2: (70mCi/m2, phase I MTD), 17 pts. The 1° endpoint is PSA and/or measurable disease response at 12 weeks; 2° endpoint is toxicity. A 177Lu-J591 imaging study was performed to confirm tumor targeting. Results: 30 of 32 planned pts have been treated to date; the final 2 pts are in screening. Median age is 72 (range 51–88), median baseline PSA 81.6 (3.3 - 2184.6). 3 with ECOG PS 0, 25 PS 1, 2 PS 2; 97% had bone mets, 23% extra-osseous visceral mets (2 liver, 5 lung, 1 adrenal). Pts progressed after multiple hormonal therapies and 18 (60%) pts progressed on docetaxel. PSA responses are shown in the table. Overall progression free survival (PFS) was 82 days [95% CI 67.4, 96.6] and overall survival (OS) 357 days [182.8, 531.1]; median OS of pts experiencing PSA declines of >30% was 513 days. 6 pts have PFS >14 weeks (1 > 47 weeks); 2 pts remain on study. Excellent targeting of known sites of PC metastases was seen in 29 of 30 (97%) pts. Toxicity: 9 patients received 1–4 platelet transfusions (median 2); no significant hemorrhagic complications occurred. Of 30 evaluable pts, 27 had return to normal platelet counts; the remaining 3 had progressive disease with marrow involvement. 6 pts in cohort 2 received brief granulocyte growth factor support. No serious drug-related non-hematologic toxicity has occurred. Conclusions: Single dose 177Lu-J591 was generally well tolerated, with reversible myelosuppression, and demonstrates anti-tumor activity in pts with progressive metCRPC. An apparent dose-response relationship exists for both toxicity and activity, with more responses seen at the phase I MTD. PSA Response Best PSA Response Cohort 1 (n; %) Cohort 2 (n; %) TOTAL (n; %) ≥ 50% decline 1 (7%) 2 (13%) 3 (10%) ≥ 30% decline 2 (13%) 7 (47%) 9 (30%) 0–29% decline 5 (33%) 3 (20%) 8 (27%) 1–25% increase 4 (27%) 1 (7%) 5 (17%) >25% increase 4 (27%) 4 (27%) 8 (27%) Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration BZL Biologics Inc Pfizer, sanofi-aventis
Vaccines for herpes simplex virus infections. (2006)

Infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) can have serious medical consequences. Although antiviral medications can suppress symptomatic disease, asymptomatic shedding and transmission, they neither cure nor alter the natural history of HSV infections. Manipulation of the immune response is one potential method to decrease disease burden. Current research on prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination approaches is discussed in this review, with a focus on compounds that have entered clinical trials or that display novel compositions or proposed mechanisms of action. One such vaccine is an alum and monophosphoryl lipid A-adjuvanted subunit glycoprotein D2 vaccine that has demonstrated activity in the prevention of HSV-2 infection and disease in HSV-uninfected women in a phase III clinical trial. Further confirmatory clinical trials of this vaccine are currently underway. Other vaccine formats also in development include attenuated live or replication-incompetent HSV-2 strains and technologies that target virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses.
A signal processing approach to fair surface design (1995)

In this paper we describe a new tool for interactive free-form fair surface design. By generalizing classical discrete Fourier analysis to two-dimensional discrete surface signals – functions defined on polyhedral surfaces of arbitrary topology –, we reduce the problem of surface smoothing, or fairing, to low-pass filtering. We describe a very simple surface signal low-pass filter algorithm that applies to surfaces of arbitrary topology. As opposed to other existing optimization-based fairing methods, which are computationally more expensive, this is a linear time and space complexity algorithm. With this algorithm, fairing very large surfaces, such as those obtained from volumetric medical data, becomes affordable. By combining this algorithm with surface subdivision methods we obtain a very effective fair surface design technique. We then extend the analysis, and modify the algorithm accordingly, to accommodate different types of constraints. Some constraints can be imposed without any modification of the algorithm, while others require the solution of a small associated linear system of equations. In particular, vertex location constraints, vertex normal constraints, and surface normal discontinuities across curves embedded in the surface, can be imposed with this technique. CR
Establishment of a tissue culture system for epithelial cells derived from human pancreas: a model for the study of cystic fibrosis (1987)

A tissue culture system for epithelial cells derived from human foetal pancreas has been established. The cultured cells show many ultrastructural features of interlobular duct cells. Immunocytochemical and histochemical evidence is presented in support of the view that these cells are ductal in origin. They are likely to be one of the few cell types that express the basic defect of cystic fibrosis in vitro. The cells may be passaged and sufficient material obtained to permit biochemical and molecular biological analysis.