gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced hysteresis in the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition of VO2 precipitates formed in SiO2 by ion implantation (2001)

A strongly enhanced hysteresis with a width of &amp;gt;34 °C has been observed in the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition of submicron-scale VO2 precipitates formed in the near-surface region of amorphous SiO2 by the stoichiometric coimplantation of vanadium and oxygen and subsequent thermal processing. This width is approximately an order of magnitude larger than that reported previously for the phase transition of VO2 particles formed in Al2O3 by a similar technique. The phase transition is accompanied by a significant change in infrared transmission. The anomalously wide hysteresis loop observed here for the VO2/SiO2 system can be exploited in optical data storage and switching applications in the infrared region.
Absorption Spectra and Luminescence Properties of Isomeric Platinum (II) and Palladium (II) Complexes containing 1,1′‐biphenyldiyl, 2‐phenylpyridine, and 2,2′‐bijpyridine as ligands (1988)

Abstract The absorption spectra, luminescence spectra, and luminescence lifetimes of the isomeric [M(bph)(bpy)] and [M(phpy) 2 ] complexes M = Pt(II) or Pd(II), bph 2− = 1,1′‐biphenyl‐2,2′‐diyl dianion, phpy − = 2‐phenylpyridine‐2′‐yl anion, and bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine have been investigated and compared with those of [M(bpy) 2 ] 2+ complexes and of the free protonated ligands H 2 bph, Hbpy + , and Hphpy. In the absorption spectra, the region below 320 mm is dominated by ligand‐centered (LC) transitions, whereas metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions are responsible for the bands present in the near UV/VIS region. The MLCT bands move to higher energies on replacing Pt with Pd and in going from [M(bph)(bpy)] to the [M(phpy) 2 ] isomer. For the mixed‐ligand complexes, evidence for both M → bph 2− (at higher energies) and M → bpy bands is found. The structured luminescence observed at 77 K shows lifetimes of 4.0 and 1.1 μs for [Pt(phpy) 2 ] and [Pt(bph)(bpy)], respectively, and 480 and 250 μs for the analogous Pd complexes. On the basis of the energy and lifetime data, the luminescence of the Pt(II) complexes is assigned to the lowest triplet MLCT excited state, whereas for the Pd complexes the luminescent state is thought to result from a mixture of MLCT and LC triplet levels.
Real-Time Color Graphics in Studies of Molecular Interactions (1981)

Studies of the structures and interactions of large biological molecules require both coordinate data and three-dimensional visualization. Orthodox molecular models often bear a tenuous relationship to the coordinate data. In contrast, computer graphics requires that the display directly and accurately represent the data, and storage of modified configurations and recovery of original structures are simple. Software has been developed that allows real-time display of color line and surface displays of several interacting molecules, while quantitatively monitoring the stereochemistry.
In vitroantiprotozoal activity of extract and compounds from the stem bark ofCombretum molle (2001)

The antiprotozoal activity of the Ethiopian medicinal plant Combretum molle (R. Br. ex G. Don.) Engl & Diels (Combretaceae) was evaluated by in vitro testing against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani. The acetone fraction of the stem bark of this plant prepared by soxhlet extraction was inactive against the intracellular amastigotes of L. donovani and T. cruzi in murine peritoneal macrophages but showed significant activity against extracellular T. b. rhodesiense blood stream form trypomastigotes and trophozoites of P. falciparum with IC(50) values of 2.19 and 8.17 microg/mL, respectively. Phytochemical examination of the bioactive fraction resulted in the isolation of two tannins and two oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpene glycosides. One of the tannins was identified as the ellagitannin, punicalagin, whilst the structure of the other (CM-A) has not yet been fully elucidated. The saponins that were characterized as arjunglucoside (also called 4-epi-sericoside) and sericoside displayed no activity against any of the four species of protozoa tested. On the other hand, punicalagin and CM-A had IC(50) values of 1.75 and 1.50 microM, respectively, against T. b. rhodesiense and were relatively less toxic to KB cells (cytotoxic/antiprotozoal ratios of 70 and 48, respectively). The tannins also showed intermediate activity against P. falciparum, although their selectivity against these parasites was less favourable than the above. It appears that our findings are the first report of hydrolysable tannins exhibiting antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities.
An approach to evaluate lift generated by an annular-Coanda-wing for vertical/short take-off and landing applications (2011)

This article explores, theoretically and experimentally, Coanda effect and upper surface blowing over an annular wing. Also, presented are a simple mathematical/empirical model and an experimental strategy to evaluate lift generated by a blown-annular wing. It has been shown that the wing is capable of deflecting the flow by ∼90° with an efficiency of ∼61 per cent with reference to the undeflected horizontal thrust from the source. The analytical review and experimental data presented will enable an aircraft designer to deduce this particular powered-lift system for V/STOL applications at the preliminary design stage.
Heterogeneous Catalysts Need Not Be so “Heterogeneous”: Monodisperse Pt Nanocrystals by Combining Shape-Controlled Synthesis and Purification by Colloidal Recrystallization (2013)

Well-defined surfaces of Pt have been extensively studied for various catalytic processes. However, industrial catalysts are mostly composed of fine particles (e.g., nanocrystals), due to the desire for a high surface to volume ratio. Therefore, it is very important to explore and understand the catalytic processes both at nanoscale and on extended surfaces. In this report, a general synthetic method is described to prepare Pt nanocrystals with various morphologies. The synthesized Pt nanocrystals are further purified by exploiting the "self-cleaning" effect which results from the "colloidal recrystallization" of Pt supercrystals. The resulting high-purity nanocrystals enable the direct comparison of the reactivity of the {111} and {100} facets for important catalytic reactions. With these high-purity Pt nanocrystals, we have made several observations: Pt octahedra show higher poisoning tolerance in the electrooxidation of formic acid than Pt cubes; the oxidation of CO on Pt nanocrystals is structure insensitive when the partial pressure ratio p(O2)/p(CO) is close to or less than 0.5, while it is structure sensitive in the O(2)-rich environment; Pt octahedra have a lower activation energy than Pt cubes when catalyzing the electron transfer reaction between hexacyanoferrate (III) and thiosulfate ions. Through electrocatalysis, gas-phase-catalysis of CO oxidation, and a liquid-phase-catalysis of electron transfer reaction, we demonstrate that high quality Pt nanocrystals which have {111} and {100} facets selectively expose are ideal model materials to study catalysis at nanoscale.
Cross-competition of CD8+ T cells shapes the immunodominance hierarchy during boost vaccination (2007)

CD8+ T cell responses directed against multiple pathogen-derived epitopes are characterized by defined immunodominance hierarchy patterns. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that CD8+ T cells of different specificities compete for access to epitopes on antigen-presenting cells, and that the outcome of this so-called cross-competition reflects the number of induced T cells. In our study using a vaccinia virus infection model, we found that T cell cross-competition is highly relevant during boost vaccination, thereby shaping the immunodominance hierarchy in the recall. We demonstrate that competition was of no importance during priming and was unaffected by the applied route of immunization. It strongly depended on the timing of viral antigen expression in infected APCs, and it was characterized by poor proliferation of T cells recognizing epitopes derived from late viral proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the functional importance of T cell cross-competition during a viral infection. Our findings provide a basis for novel strategies for how boost vaccination to defined antigens can be selectively improved. They give important new insights into the design of more efficient poxviral vectors for immunotherapy.
Acid sphingomyelinase in macrophage apoptosis (2004)

Sphingolipid signal transduction pathways play an important role in the regulation of growth and survival pathways in macrophages. These are directly relevant to the pathogenesis of a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders, including atherosclerosis.
Identification of Retinoic Acid Receptor β Subtype Specific Agonists (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUELetterNEXTIdentification of Retinoic Acid Receptor β Subtype Specific AgonistsAlan T. Johnson, Elliott S. Klein, Liming Wang, Mary E. Pino, and Roshantha A. S. ChandraratnaView Author Information Retinoid Research, Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California 92623-9534 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 26, 5027–5030Publication Date (Web):December 20, 1996Publication History Received2 October 1996Published online20 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/jm960687rCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views560Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (150 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Agonists,Amides,Antagonists,Organic compounds,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Vagal influence on colonic motor activity in conscious nonhuman primates (1992)

We investigated the role of the vagi in modulation of colonic motor activity in the fasted and fed states and determined the extent of vagal influence on colon motility in conscious monkeys. Monkeys were implanted with force transducers on the colon. A vagal cooling chamber was implanted supradiaphragmatically, and a vagal stimulating electrode was implanted just distal to the chamber. One week was allowed for recovery. After an overnight fast, control recordings were made for 1 h, and then the monkeys were either fed or remained fasting, with or without adrenergic blockade (propranolol and phentolamine). Then while recordings continued the vagi were cooled to their predetermined denervation temperature for 1 h. In a second set of experiments, adrenergic blockers were injected, and the vagi were stimulated during vagal cooling with or without atropine administration. In both the fasted and fed states, the contractile frequency was decreased during vagal cooling, with or without adrenergic blockade. With adrenergic blockade, however, the frequency of colon contractions was greater during cooling than during cooling without such blockade. Inhibition of colonic contractions during cooling decreased in magnitude from the proximal to the distal colon. Vagal efferent stimulation increased contractile frequency at all sites, but after atropine it decreased contractile frequency. We conclude that the vagi have either a direct or indirect influence on fasting and fed colonic motor activity throughout the colon, and that a nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory pathway is under vagal control.
Biosynthesis of O-glycans in leukocytes from normal donors and from patients with leukemia: increase in O-glycan core 2 UDP-GlcNAc:Gal beta 3 GalNAc alpha-R (GlcNAc to GalNAc) beta(1-6)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in leukemic cells. (1991)

We have studied the biosynthesis of altered O-glycan structures on leukocytes from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). It has been shown previously that the activity of CMP-NeuAc:Gal beta 1-3GalNAc alpha-R (sialic acid to galactose) alpha(2-3)-sialytransferase (EC 2.4.99.4) is increased in leukocytes from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (M. A. Baker, A. Kanani, I. Brockhausen, H. Schachter, A. Hindenburg, and R. N. Taub, Cancer Res., 47: 2763-2766, 1987) and with AML (A. Kanani, D. R. Sutherland, E. Fibach, K. L. Matta, A. Hindenburg, I. Brockhausen, W. Kuhns, R. N. Taub, D. van den Eijnden and M. A. Baker, Cancer Res., 50: 5003-5007, 1990). This increased activity may in part be responsible for the hypersialylation observed in leukemic leukocytes; however, hypersialylation may also be due to changes in underlying O-glycan structures. To test this hypothesis, we have assayed in normal human granulocytes and leukemic leukocytes several glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis and elongation of the four common O-glycan cores. UDP-GlcNAc:Gal beta 1-3GalNAc-R (GlcNAc to GalNAc) beta(1-6)-GlcNAc transferase (EC 2.4.1.102), which synthesizes O-glycan core 2 (GlcNAc beta 1-6[Gal beta 1-3]GalNAc alpha), is significantly elevated in chronic myelogenous leukemia (4-fold) and AML (18-fold) leukocytes relative to normal human granulocytes. Neither normal nor leukemic cells show detectable activities of GlcNAc transferases which synthesize O-glycan core 3 (GlcNAc beta 1-3GalNAc-R) and core 4 (GlcNAc beta 1-6[GlcNAc beta 1-3] GalNAc-R) or the blood group I structure. The beta 3-GlcNAc transferase which elongates core 1 and core 2 was found at low levels in normal granulocytes but was not detectable in leukemic cells. The beta 3-GlcNAc transferase and beta 4-Gal transferase involved in poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthesis, as well as the beta 3-Gal transferase synthesizing core 1 (Gal beta 3 GalNAc), were present in all samples but were significantly increased in patients with AML. The observed changes are consistent with hypersialylation in leukemia.
Effects of Cd and Pb in sugar beet plants grown in nutrient solution: induced Fe deficiency and growth inhibition (2002)

Effects of Cd and Pb toxicity were investigated in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) grown in hydroponics under growth-chamber-controlled conditions. Chemical speciation calculations were used to estimate the chemical species in equilibrium. Cd, used as chloride salt or chelated to EDTA, decreased fresh and dry mass of both root and shoot, and increased root / shoot ratios. Plants developed few brownish roots with short laterals. Cd decreased N, P, Mg, K, Mn, Cu and Zn uptake, and facilitated Ca uptake. Leaves of plants treated with 10 or 50 μM Cd-EDTA and 10 μM CdCl2 developed symptoms of Fe deficiency. These symptoms included decreased leaf chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid concentrations, increased carotenoid / Chl and Chl a/b ratios, de-epoxidation of violaxanthin cycle pigments, and decreased photosynthetic rates and PSII efficiency. Plants treated with 50 μM CdCl2, however, had decreased growth but did not show marked leaf Fe-deficiency symptoms. All Cd treatments increased Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity in root tips, although Fe concentrations in shoots were similar to those found in control plants. Pb chelated with EDTA induced visual symptoms only at concentrations of 2 mM. Leaves of Pb-treated plants remained green and their edges were rolled inwards. Pb increased root fresh and dry mass with no changes in shoot mass, therefore increasing the root / shoot ratio. Changes in plant nutrient concentrations with Pb were only minor, although leaf Cu levels approached critical deficiency levels. No symptoms of Fe deficiency were apparent in leaves. Root tips of Pb-treated plants, however, had increased Fe(III)-chelate reductase activities.
Identification of a Potent Janus Kinase 3 Inhibitor with High Selectivity within the Janus Kinase Family (2010)

We describe a synthetic approach toward the rapid modification of phenyl-indolyl maleimides and the discovery of potent Jak3 inhibitor 1 with high selectivity within the Jak kinase family. We provide a rationale for this unprecedented selectivity based on the X-ray crystal structure of an analogue of 1 bound to the ATP-binding site of Jak3. While equally potent compared to the Pfizer pan Jak inhibitor CP-690,550 (2) in an enzymatic Jak3 assay, compound 1 was found to be 20-fold less potent in cellular assays measuring cytokine-triggered signaling through cytokine receptors containing the common γ chain (γC). Contrary to compound 1, compound 2 inhibited Jak1 in addition to Jak3. Permeability and cellular concentrations of compounds 1 and 2 were similar. As Jak3 always cooperates with Jak1 for signaling, we speculate that specific inhibition of Jak3 is not sufficient to efficiently block γC cytokine signal transduction required for strong immunosuppression.
The nature of antioxidant defense mechanisms: a lesson from transgenic studies. (1998)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many clinical disorders such as adult respiratory distress syndrome, ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Genetically engineered animal models have been used as a tool for understanding the function of various antioxidant enzymes in cellular defense mechanisms against various types of oxidant tissue injury. Transgenic mice overexpressing three isoforms of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and the cellular glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx-1) in various tissues show an increased tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion heart and brain injury, hyperoxia, cold-induced brain edema, adriamycin, and paraquat toxicity. These results have provided for the first time direct evidence demonstrating the importance of each of these antioxidant enzymes in protecting the animals against the injury resulting from these insults, as well as the effect of an enhanced level of antioxidant in ameliorating the oxidant tissue injury. To evaluate further the nature of these enzymes in antioxidant defense, gene knockout mice deficient in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and GSHPx-1 have also been generated in our laboratory. These mice developed normally and showed no marked pathologic changes under normal physiologic conditions. In addition, a deficiency in these genes had no effects on animal survival under hyperoxida. However, these knockout mice exhibited a pronounced susceptibility to paraquat toxicity and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, female mice lacking CuZnSOD also displayed a marked increase in postimplantation embryonic lethality. These animals should provide a useful model for uncovering the identity of ROS that participate in the pathogenesis of various clinical disorders and for defining the role of each antioxidant enzyme in cellular defense against oxidant-mediated tissue injury.
Expression of ORF A1 of infectious bursal disease virus results in the formation of virus-like particles. (1998)

A recombinant vaccinia virus inducibly expressing ORF A1 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has been constructed and characterized. Cells infected with this recombinant virus express the IBDV polyprotein, which is proteolytically processed to give mature VP2, VP3, and VP4 polypeptides. An electron microscopy study revealed that the cytoplasm of cells infected with the recombinant virus contains abundant IBDV-like particles (VLP). These VLP form close-packed paracrystalline arrays that are specifically recognized by anti-IBDV antibodies. The size and morphology of purified VLP were found to be akin to those of authentic IBDV particles.
Ipilimumab-Induced Neutropenia in Melanoma (2016)

Ipilimumab is a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody against CTLA-4 that has been shown to prolong the overall survival of advanced melanoma. The most common adverse events associated with ipilimumab are immune-related. Severe hematological toxicity is rare. We report a case of severe neutropenia following ipilimumab therapy that fully resolved after the administration of prednisone, cyclosporine, and anti-thymocyte globulin therapies.
<title>Semiautomated segmentation and 3D reconstruction of coronary trees: biplane angiography and intravascular ultrasound data fusion</title> (1996)

In this paper, we describe an approach to 3D reconstruction of the coronary tree based on combined use of biplane coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Shortly before the start of a constant-speed IVUS pullback, radiopaque dye is injected into the examined coronary tree and the heart is imaged with a calibrated biplane X-ray system. The 3D centerline of the coronary tree is reconstructed from the geometrically corrected biplane angiograms using an automated segmentation method and manual matching of corresponding branching points. The borders of vessel wall and plaque are automatically detected in the acquired pullback images and the IVUS cross sections are mapped perpendicular to the previously reconstructed 3D vessel centerline. In addition, the twist of the IVUS probe due to the curvature of the coronary artery is calculated for a torsion-free catheter and the whole vessel reconstruction is rotationally adjusted using available anatomic landmarks. The accuracy of the biplane reconstruction procedure is validated by means of a left coronary tree phantom. The feasibility of the entire approach is demonstrated in a cadaveric pig heart.
T Cells and Cytokines in Intracellular Bacterial Infections: Experiences with Mycobacterium Bovis BCG (2007)

Intracellular bacteria reside in mononuclear phagocytes, and protective immunity is dominated by T lymphocytes. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guéin (BCG) infection of mice represents an excellent model for studying immune mechanisms involved in defence against persistent intracellular bacteria that cause chronic disease. Gene disruption mutant mice include: A beta-/-, which lack conventional CD4+ T cell receptor alpha/beta (TCR alpha/beta) T lymphocytes; beta 2 microglobulin -/-, which lack conventional CD8+ TCR alpha/beta lymphocytes; TCR beta-/-, which lack all TCR alpha/beta lymphocytes; TCR delta-/-, which lack all TCR gamma/delta lymphocytes; and RAG-1-/- mutants, which lack mature T and B lymphocytes. Studies of these mutants suggest that CD4+ TCR alpha/beta, CD8+ TCR alpha/beta and TCR gamma/delta T lymphocytes all contribute to immunity against M. bovis BCG. Activation of antibacterial effector functions in macrophages by T helper 1 (Th1) cell-derived gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) is central to protection. In contrast, Th2 cells are only marginally involved. Activation of Th1 and Th2 cells is regulated by interleukin 10 (IL-10) and IL-12, which are induced early in infection with M. bovis BCG. Although IL-12 is stimulated by M. bovis BCG in immunocompetent mice, studies with IFN-gamma receptor-deficient and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor-deficient mutant mice suggest that M. bovis BCG-induced IL-12 secretion depends on IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Hence, IL-12 cannot be the first cytokine produced during M. bovis BCG infection.