gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dystrophin‐deficient mdx mice display a reduced life span and are susceptible to spontaneous rhabdomyosarcoma (2007)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common, lethal genetic disorder of children. A number of animal models of muscular dystrophy exist, but the most effective model for characterizing the structural and functional properties of dystrophin and therapeutic interventions has been the mdx mouse. Despite the approximately 20 years of investigations of the mdx mouse, the impact of the disease on the life span of mdx mice and the cause of death remain unresolved. Consequently, a life span study of the mdx mouse was designed that included cohorts of male and female mdx and wild-type C57BL/10 mice housed under specific pathogen-free conditions with deaths restricted to natural causes and with examination of the carcasses for pathology. Compared with wild-type mice, both mdx male and female mice had reduced life spans and displayed a progressively dystrophic muscle histopathology. Surprisingly, old mdx mice were prone to develop muscle tumors that resembled the human form of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, a cancer associated with poor prognosis. Rhabdomyosarcomas have not been observed previously in nontransgenic mice. The results substantiate the mdx mouse as an important model system for studies of the pathogenesis of and potential remedies for DMD.
Unevenaged coppice holm oak stands: silvicultural description (1998)

Uneven coppice stands of evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) of Gerona (NE Spain) are described. Three structurally different situations are analysed: close after silvicultural intervention, in the middle of two interventions and before cutting. Therefore 19 plots were selected in the area, obtaining dasometric and qualitative values in order to characterise traditional management. Positive tree selection of traditional management is proved, as well as a high percentage of trees of a good stem quality, particularly at dominant layer (33%). Liocourt constant values in these stands were determined: they change for every described situation (2.8-1.6; 1.2-2.6; 1.7-2.8). With these values, 45 types of uneven evergreen oak forests were modelized modifying initial density (900, 1100 and 1200 stems/ha) and q values (DC10: 2.5; 2.7; 2.8; DC&gt;15: 1.5; 1.6; 1.7; 1.8; 1.9), while keeping maximum initial diameter (25 cm) and rotation (30 years). The comparison between these models don’t show significant differences independent from initial values. Using mean values obtained from the sample plots, a preliminary optimal equilibrium curve for uneven oak-coppice stands has been developed. Finally structural differences between those stands, traditional ones of Central Europe and uneven Pinus nigra forests of Pyrenees are upbright.
A wireless body area network of intelligent motion sensors for computer assisted physical rehabilitation (2005)

BACKGROUND: Recent technological advances in integrated circuits, wireless communications, and physiological sensing allow miniature, lightweight, ultra-low power, intelligent monitoring devices. A number of these devices can be integrated into a Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), a new enabling technology for health monitoring. METHODS: Using off-the-shelf wireless sensors we designed a prototype WBAN which features a standard ZigBee compliant radio and a common set of physiological, kinetic, and environmental sensors. RESULTS: We introduce a multi-tier telemedicine system and describe how we optimized our prototype WBAN implementation for computer-assisted physical rehabilitation applications and ambulatory monitoring. The system performs real-time analysis of sensors' data, provides guidance and feedback to the user, and can generate warnings based on the user's state, level of activity, and environmental conditions. In addition, all recorded information can be transferred to medical servers via the Internet and seamlessly integrated into the user's electronic medical record and research databases. CONCLUSION: WBANs promise inexpensive, unobtrusive, and unsupervised ambulatory monitoring during normal daily activities for prolonged periods of time. To make this technology ubiquitous and affordable, a number of challenging issues should be resolved, such as system design, configuration and customization, seamless integration, standardization, further utilization of common off-the-shelf components, security and privacy, and social issues.
Control of the amplification convertase of complement by the plasma protein beta1H. (1976)

An inhibitory activity for an erythrocyte in termediate bearing the properdin (P)-stabilized amplification C3 convertase, PC3bBb, was recognized in whole normal human serum and separated from C3b inactivator by its distinct physicochemical and functional characteristics. The inhibitory activity was found to reside in a protein that was purified to homogeneity and elicited a monospecific antibody in a rabbit. This protein was identified as beta1H and found to have a serum concentration of 516 +/- 89 mug/ml (mean +/- 1 SD). beta1H produced a dose related, first-order loss of convertase function and release of 125I-Bb from the P-stabilized intermediate, indicating a mechanism of action by decay-dissociation of Bb from the complex, PC3bBb. beta1H exhibited only a limited capacity to accelerate decay of C3bBb sites stabilized with C3 nephritic factor or to release 125I-Bb from such sites. Amplification of C3 cleavage by C3bBb may well determine whether initial complement activation by the classical or alternative activating sequence is beneficial or detrimental to the host. Regulation of this amplifying function is now recognized to occur at at least three steps: intrinsic decay which reflects the inherent lability of the C3bBb convertase; extrinsic decay-dissociation of Bb which is mediated by the effect of beta1H; and inactivation of exposed C3b by C3b inactivator. The stabilization of C3bBb by activated properdin minimizes intrinsic decay and protects C3b in the bimolecular complex from C3b inactivator. beta1H restores control of the system by decay-dissociation of the bimolecular complex, therby exposing C3b to C3b inactivator whose irreversible action prevents regeneration of the convertase at that site.
A fast acting DC solid state fault isolation device (FID) with Si and SiC devices for MVDC distribution system (2012)

This paper presents a low voltage (400V) hardware prototype of a fast acting medium voltage DC circuit breaker. Simulation results obtained using PLECS software and hardware testing results are also presented for the same prototype. The prototype serves as a proof of concept showing implementation of firmware logic capable of interrupting DC fault current within 4.042 micro-seconds from the instant an overcurrent condition occurs. The authors propose that the same concept can be extended to medium voltage DC level and present a performance comparison of real 6.5kV silicon (Si) and 10kV silicon carbide (SiC) devices as solid state fault isolation devices (SSFID) in a medium voltage DC (MVDC) distribution system using SPICE simulations. The MVDC SSFID described in this paper finds an application in MVDC distribution system described by Next Generation Integrated Power System (NGIPS) roadmap [1] proposed by Electric Ship Office (ESO) of Office of Naval Research (ONR). Other applications include large scale grid connected solar and wind farm at MVDC level.
The neuritic plaque facilitates pathological conversion of tau in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model (2016)

A central question in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is whether the neuritic plaque is necessary and sufficient for the development of tau pathology. Hyperphosphorylation of tau is found within dystrophic neurites surrounding β-amyloid deposits in AD mouse models but the pathological conversion of tau is absent. Likewise, expression of a human tau repeat domain in mice is insufficient to drive the pathological conversion of tau. Here we developed an Aβ-amyloidosis mouse model that expresses the human tau repeat domain and show that in these mice, the neuritic plaque facilitates the pathological conversion of wild-type tau. We show that this tau fragment seeds the neuritic plaque-dependent pathological conversion of wild-type tau that spreads from the cortex and hippocampus to the brain stem. These results establish that in addition to the neuritic plaque, a second determinant is required to drive the conversion of wild-type tau.
BlueBox: A Policy-Driven, Host-Based Intrusion Detection System. (2002)

Detecting attacks against systems has, in practice, largely been delegated to sensors, such as network intrustion detection systems. However, due to the inherent limitations of these systems and the increasing use of encryption in communication, intrusion detection and prevention have once again moved back to the host systems themselves. In this paper, we describe our experiences with building BlueBox, a host-based intrusion detection system. Our approach, based on the technique of system call introspection, can be viewed as creating an infrastructure for defining and enforcing very fine-grained process capabilities in the kernel. These capabilities are specified as a set of rules (policies) for regulating access to system resources on a per executable basis. The language for expressing the rules is intuitive and sufficiently expressive to effectively capture security boundaries. We have prototyped our approach on Linux operating system kernel and have built rule templates for popular daemons such as Apache and wu-ftpd. Our design has been validated by testing against a comprehensive database of known attacks. Our system has been designed to minimize the kernel changes and performance impact and thus can be ported easily to new kernels. We describe the motivation and rationale behind BlueBox, its design, implementation on Linux, and how it relates to prior work on detecting and preventing intrusions on host systems.
Protein arrays : methods and protocols (2004)

Protein arrays make possible the detection and quantitation of many proteins simultaneously, thus enabling researchers to ask fundamental questions about biological processes and to discover biomarkers that can be used diagnostically. In Protein Arrays: Methods and Protocols, innovative experimentalists describe in detail the methods they have developed to synthesize and construct protein arrays for basic and clinical research. The authors present protocols to create and immobilize the capture substrate-the first task in designing a protein array-using a variety of affinity capture reagents, including antibodies, peptides, aptamers, biotin, chemical reagents, and chromatographic substrates. Once synthesized, these arrays can be used to analyze protein-protein interactions and posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, as well as to discover and characterize potential diagnostic markers. Protocols to accomplish these tasks are also presented. The protocols presented follow the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, each one offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Diverse and highly practical, Protein Arrays: Methods and Protocols offers basic and clinical investigators a broad spectrum of approaches to the generation of protein arrays, as well as their uses in biomarkers discovery, in assay development, in clinical sample testing, in signal transduction analysis and characterization, and for creating the next generation of molecular tools
A Comparative Study of Glycopeptides Derived from Selected Vertebrate Collagens (1970)

Abstract Glycopeptides from carp swim bladder, guinea pig skin, and human skin collagens were prepared by sequential collagenase-trypsin digestion. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 permitted the isolation of a low molecular weight fraction containing most of the hydroxylysyl glycosides present in the parent collagen. Application of this fraction to a Dowex 50X-8 ion exchange column consistently resulted in distinctive glycopeptide patterns characteristic of each collagen. The glycohexapeptide, Gly-Met-Hyl (Gal-Glc)-Gly-His-Arg, which had been previously characterized in digests of soluble guinea pig skin collagen, was found in significant quantities in all three collagens examined, but the carp and human collagens each revealed an additional major glycopeptide. The subtractive Edman procedure was used in establishing amino acid sequences, and alkaline hydrolysis was used to confirm the composition and mode of attachment of the carbohydrate side chains. The predominant glycopeptide isolated from carp swim bladder collagen was Gly-Ile-Hyl(Gal-Glc)-Gly-His-Arg, while the structure of the unique glycopeptide isolated from human skin collagen was Gly-Phe-Hyl(Gal-Glc)-Gly-Ile-Arg. A possible role of the carbohydrate side chains in the organization of fibrils is discussed.
The FcRγ Subunit and Syk Kinase Replace the CD3ζ-Chain and ZAP-70 Kinase in the TCR Signaling Complex of Human Effector CD4 T Cells (2003)

The TCR-mediated signals required to activate resting T cells have been well characterized; however, it is not known how TCR-coupled signals are transduced in differentiated effector T cells that coordinate ongoing immune responses. Here we demonstrate that human effector CD4 T cells up-regulate the expression of the CD3zeta-related FcRgamma signaling subunit that becomes part of an altered TCR/CD3 signaling complex containing CD3epsilon, but not CD3zeta. The TCR/CD3/FcRgamma complex in effector cells recruits and activates the Syk, but not the ZAP-70, tyrosine kinase. This physiologic switch in TCR signaling occurs exclusively in effector, and not naive or memory T cells, suggesting a potential target for manipulation of effector responses in autoimmune, malignant, and infectious diseases.
Silver(I) complexes of 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2(1H)-thione (1981)

The following silver(I) complexes of 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2(1H)-thione (HL) have been prepared and investigated by conductometric, infrared, and Raman methods: Ag(HL)X (X = Cl, Br, I, SCN), Ag(HL) 2 X (X = Cl, Br, I, NO 3 (MeOH), ClO 4 (0.25CHCl 3 ), BF 4 (0.25CHCl 3 )), Ag m X n (H 2 L) n–m (X = Cl: m = 6, n = 11; Br: m = 2, n = 3; I: m = 5, n = 7), AgL, AgL•Ag(HL)NO 3 , AgL•[Ag(HL)X] 2 (X = ClO 4 , BF 4 ). The HL acts as N,S-chelating ligand in the Ag(HL)X and Ag(HL) 2 X (X = NO 3 ,ClO 4 , BF 4 ) complexes and partially in the Ag(HL) 2 X (X = Cl, Br, I) complexes in which the halide ion is still coordinated. In the Ag m X n (H 2 L) n–m complexes the H 2 L + ion is at least partially S-coordinated to some silver ions. In AgL, L − acts as tridentate ligand N,N,S-bridging the silver ions. In the AgL•Ag(HL)NO 3 complex the nitrate ion is coordinated.
A polypurine sequence that acts as a 5' mRNA stabilizer in Bacillus subtilis (1995)

A segment of early RNA from Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SP82 was shown to function as a 5' stabilizer in B. subtilis. Several heterologous RNA sequences were stabilized by the presence of the SP82 sequence at the 5' end, and expression of downstream coding sequences was increased severalfold. The SP82 RNA segment encodes a B. subtilis RNase III cleavage site, but cleavage by B. subtilis RNase III was not required for stabilization. The sequence that specifies 5' stabilizer function was localized to a polypurine sequence that resembles a ribosome binding site. The ability of the SP82 sequence to stabilize downstream RNA was dependent on its position relative to the 5' end of the RNA. These results demonstrate the existence of a new type of 5' stabilizer in B. subtilis and indicate that attack at the 5' end is a principal mechanism for initiation of mRNA decay in B. subtilis.
A Key Role for Connexin Hemichannels in Spreading Ischemic Brain Injury (2013)

Brain damage resulting from cerebral ischemia remains a significant problem at all stages of life. In adults, ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in the developed world. In term newborns, moderate to severe brain damage after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) occurs in 1-3 per 1000 live births. One of the most striking features of HI injury is that after initial recovery of cellular oxidative metabolism, there is a delayed, 'secondary' mitochondrial failure that spreads over time from the most severely damaged areas outwards, into previously undamaged regions. This secondary failure is accompanied by transient seizure activity and cytotoxic edema. The specific mechanisms of this spread are poorly understood, but it is at least partly associated with spreading waves of depression that can trigger cell death in neighboring uninjured tissues. The waves are propagated through cell-cell communication via gap junction channels (the so called "bystander effect"). It has recently been proposed that unopposed connexin hemichannels (connexons) also play a significant role by mediating release of paracrine molecules that in turn propagate cell death messages by releasing intracellular mediators such as ATP, NAD(+), or glutamate or by abnormally prolonged opening to allow cell edema. There is increasing evidence that connexin hemichannels contribute to injury after many neural insults and that it is possible to significantly reduce the spread of damage after injury by suppressing the induction or activity of the connexin proteins that form hemichannels.
Conformations of cycloheptadecane. A comparison of methods for conformational searching (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformations of cycloheptadecane. A comparison of methods for conformational searchingMartin Saunders, K. N. Houk, Yun Dong Wu, W. Clark Still, Mark Lipton, George Chang, and Wayne C. GuidaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4, 1419–1427Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00160a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00160a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1250Altmetric-Citations478LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Organization and codon usage of the streptomycin operon in Micrococcus luteus, a bacterium with a high genomic G + C content (1987)

The DNA sequence of the Micrococcus luteus str operon, which includes genes for ribosomal proteins S12 (str or rpsL) and S7 (rpsG) and elongation factors (EF) G (fus) and Tu (tuf), has been determined and compared with the corresponding sequence of Escherichia coli to estimate the effect of high genomic G + C content (74%) of M. luteus on the codon usage pattern. The gene organization in this operon and the deduced amino acid sequence of each corresponding protein are well conserved between the two species. The mean G + C content of the M. luteus str operon is 67%, which is much higher than that of E. coli (51%). The codon usage pattern of M. luteus is very different from that of E. coli and extremely biased to the use of G and C in silent positions. About 95% (1,309 of 1,382) of codons have G or C at the third position. Codon GUG is used for initiation of S12, EF-G, and EF-Tu, and AUG is used only in S7, whereas GUG initiates only one of the EF-Tu's in E. coli. UGA is the predominant termination codon in M. luteus, in contrast to UAA in E. coli.
Synthesis and structural analysis using 2-D NMR of sialyl Lewis X (SLex) and Lewis X (Lex) oligosaccharides: ligands related to E-selectin [ELAM-1] binding. (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and structural analysis using 2-D NMR of sialyl Lewis X (SLex) and Lewis X (Lex) oligosaccharides: ligands related to E-selectin [ELAM-1] binding.Graham E. Ball, Roger A. O'Neill, Joanne E. Schultz, John B. Lowe, Brent W. Weston, Jon O. Nagy, Edward G. Brown, Christopher J. Hobbs, and Mark D. BednarskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 13, 5449–5451Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00039a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00039a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views371Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Pharmacological Exploitation of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonist Ciglitazone To Develop a Novel Class of Androgen Receptor-Ablative Agents (2008)

On the basis of our finding that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist ciglitazone at high doses was able to mediate PPARgamma-independent transcriptional repression of androgen receptor (AR) in a tumor cell-specific manner, we used Delta2CG, a PPARgamma-inactive analogue of ciglitazone, to conduct lead optimization to develop a novel class of AR-ablative agents. Structure-activity analysis indicates a high degree of flexibility in realigning Delta2CG's structural moieties without compromising potency in AR repression, as evidenced by the higher AR-ablative activity of the permuted isomer 9 [( Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(1-methylcyclohexylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione]. Further modifications of 9 gave rise to 12 [( Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylbenzylidene)-3-(1-methylcyclohexylmethyl)thiazolidine-2,4-dione], which completely inhibited AR expression in LNCaP cells at low micromolar concentrations. This AR down-regulation led to growth inhibition in LNCaP cells through apoptosis induction. Moreover, the role of AR repression in the antiproliferative effect of compound 12 was validated by the differential inhibition of cell viability between androgen-responsive and androgen-nonresponsive cells.