gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in mid-range wireless power transfer (2012)

This is a review paper describing recent progress of mid-range applications of wireless power transfer. Starting from Tesla's principles of wireless power transfer a century ago, it outlines magneto-inductive research activities in the last decade on wireless power transfer with the transmission distance in the order of or greater than the coil dimension. It covers the basic characteristics of 2-coil systems, 4-coil systems, systems with relay resonators and the wireless domino-resonator systems.
Properties of a Recombinant Human Uracil-DNA Glycosylase from the UNG Gene and Evidence that UNG Encodes the Major Uracil-DNA Glycosylase (1995)

We have expressed a human recombinant uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG delta 84) closely resembling the mature form of the human enzyme (UNG, from the UNG gene) in Escherichia coli and purified the protein to apparent homogeneity. This form, which lacks the first seven nonconserved amino acids at the amino terminus, has properties similar to a 50% homogeneous UDG purified from human placenta except for a lower salt optimum and a slightly lower specific activity. The recombinant enzyme removed U from ssDNA approximately 3-fold more rapidly than from dsDNA. In the presence of 10 mM NaCl, Km values were 0.45 and 1.6 microM with ssDNA and dsDNA, respectively, but Km values increased significantly with higher NaCl concentrations. The pH optimum for UNG delta 84 was 7.7-8.0; the activation energy, 50.6 kJ/mol; and the pI between 10.4 and 10.8. The enzyme displays a striking sequence specificity in removal of U from UA base pairs in M13 dsDNA. The sequence specificity for removal of U from UG mismatches (simulating the situation after deamination of C) was essentially similar to removal from UA matches when examined in oligonucleotides. However, removal of U from UG mismatches was in general slightly faster, and in some cases significantly faster, than removal from UA base pairs. Immunofluorescence studies using polyclonal antibodies against UNG delta 84 demonstrated that the major fraction of UNG was located in the nucleus. Furthermore, > 98% of the total uracil-DNA glycosylase activity from HeLa cell extracts was inhibited by the antibodies, indicating that the UNG protein represents the major uracil-DNA glycosylase in the cells.
PAP‐1, a novel target protein of phosphorylation by Pim‐1 kinase (2000)

Protooncogene, pim‐1 , has been reported to be a predisposition for lymphomagenesis along with myc , and its protein product, Pim‐1, has been shown to be a serine/threonine protein kinase, whose activity is involved in proliferation and differentiation of blood cells. The signal transduction pathways neither to nor from Pim‐1, however, have been clarified. We have cloned a cDNA encoding a novel Pim‐1 binding protein, PAP‐1, comprising 213 amino acids with a basic amino‐acid cluster near the C‐terminus. PAP‐1 was colocalized with Pim‐1 in human HeLa cell nuclei. The in vitro binding assays using GST fusion proteins of the wild‐type and various deletion mutants revealed that the whole molecule of Pim‐1 is required for the binding activity to PAP‐1 and that Pim‐1 binds to the region from amino‐acid numbers 1–147 of PAP‐1, or to two segments in the region. The association of PAP‐1 with Pim‐1 was also shown in vivo in transfected cells. Furthermore, PAP‐1 was phosphorylated in vitro by Pim‐1, but not a kinase‐negative Pim‐1 mutant. The two serine residues of PAP‐1 at amino acids 204 and 206 near the C‐terminus were phosphorylated by Pim‐1. PAP‐1 is thus thought to be a target protein for Pim‐1 kinase.
Nucleoprotein Transitions During Spermiogenesis in Mice with Transition Nuclear Protein Tnp1 and Tnp2 Mutations1 (2004)

Chromatin remodeling during spermiogenesis is characterized by a series of nuclear protein replacements. Histones are replaced by transition nuclear proteins, which are in turn replaced by protamines. The transition nuclear proteins, TP1 and TP2, and the protamines, PRM1 and PRM2, are the major nuclear proteins involved in this process. Biochemical studies of mice with null mutations in one of the Tnp genes showed that the absence of one TP led to an apparent elevation in the amount of the remaining TP in the testis. To investigate the mechanism of changes of protein levels and effects of one Tnp mutation on other nuclear proteins, we used immunohistochemistry techniques to determine the distribution of these nuclear proteins. In contrast to previous biochemical analyses, which indicated that nuclear protein replacement was sequential with little overlap between the protein types, we found considerable overlap in the nucleoprotein types during spermiogenesis. The TPs, which appear in the nucleus before histone displacement is complete, were shared among genetically inequivalent spermatids. The absence of one TP did not affect the time of appearance of the other TP or of the protamines, but it did affect the displacement of the other TP, leading to its abnormal retention in the nucleus. The elevated levels of the remaining TP in Tnp-mutant mice appeared to be a consequence of the prolonged retention, rather than increased synthesis. Thus the absence of one of the TPs did not significantly affect transcription or translation of the other basic proteins, but it did affect posttranslational events.
Laser shock processing of materials, physical processes involved and examples of applications (1996)

Laser shock processing (LSP) consists of irradiating a metallic target with a short (about 20 ns) and intense (&amp;gt;1013W m−2) laser light in order to generate, through a high pressure surface plasma (&amp;gt;1 GPa), a plastic deformation and a surface strengthening within materials. This paper initially reviews the physical processes involved in the analytical modeling of the generation pressure mechanism in a confined plasma regime. Limiting factors such as the dielectric breakdown in the confining medium are also discussed together with current research directions aimed at improving the laser—material coupling such as using short rise time pulses instead of Gaussian ones or shorter wavelengths than the traditional λ = 1.06 μm. Surface mechanical effects are also theoretically and experimentally presented. They consist mainly of compressive residual stresses generated in the first 1–2 mm of depth that are the key to enhanced mechanical properties. The application of LSP to two new areas is presented. These areas are the improvement of the fatigue behavior in aluminum alloys and a thermomechanical treatment using both a CO2 laser for surface quenching and a pulsed Nd–glass laser for mechanical shock strengthening. Finally the attractive and detrimental features of LSP are discussed with the objective of defining an industrially convenient laser shock configuration.
CD40 ligand expression is defective in a subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency. (1994)

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVI) is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent bacterial infections due to failure of CVI B cells to differentiate in vivo into immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. We hypothesized that T-cell dysfunction resulting in abnormal contact-mediated B-cell activation may play a prominent role in the failure of CVI B cells to produce specific antibody. We have previously shown that B-cell proliferation and IgE production after stimulation with anti-CD40 and interleukin (IL) 4 were normal in 22 CVI patients evaluated, indicating that CVI B cells respond to signals delivered via CD40. Here we report that CD40 ligand (gp39) mRNA expression by activated lymphocytes from CVI patients (n = 31) as a group was significantly depressed (P < 0.0001) compared with normal controls (n = 32). gp39 mRNA expression by activated lymphocytes from 13 CVI patients fell below the normal control range. T-cell surface expression of functional gp39 protein was correspondingly low in those patients with gp39 mRNA levels below normal control range and normal in patients with gp39 mRNA levels within normal control range. In CVI patients as a group, gp39 mRNA levels correlated with IL-2 mRNA levels (P < 0.002, r = 0.6) and production (P < 0.001, r = 0.7) but not with gene expression or production of other lymphokines evaluated, suggesting an as-yet-undetermined association between gp39 and IL-2 gene regulation. Of the 13 patients whose activated T cells exhibited gp39 mRNA expression below the normal control range, 2 had normal T-cell-derived lymphokine production, whereas the remaining 11 exhibited broader T-cell dysfunction, resulting in IL-2 deficiency, and in some patients deficient production of other lymphokines as well, reflecting a heterogeneity in the underlying mechanisms leading to depressed gp39 expression in these patients. The observation that both gene and surface expression of gp39 by activated T cells is depressed in a subgroup of CVI patients suggests that inefficient signaling via CD40 may be responsible, in part, for failure of B-cell differentiation in these patients.
Functional and Developmental Compartments ofHuman T Lymphocytes (1980)

Hybridoma technology has made it possible to prepare a range of antibodies which define developmental and functional compartments of the T lymphocyte lineage in man. The feasibility of achieving this aim, and some immediate clinical applications, are illustrated in this report on seven monoclonal antibodies from seven selected hybridoma clones, which are shown to define subclasses of human T cells according to their immune function and developmental rank.
Exploratory geospatial analysis using GeoVISTA Studio: from a desktop to the Web (2002)

The main objective of the GeoVISTA Studio project is to improve geoscientific analysis by providing an environment that operationally integrates a wide range of analysis activities, including those both computationally and visually based. We argue that improving the infrastructure used in analysis has far-reaching potential to better integrate human-based and computationally-based expertise, whether locally or remotely available, and so ultimately improve scientific outcomes. The improvements to research infrastructure proposed have implications for Web-based deployment of analysis methods. This paper illustrates various features of GeoVISTA Studio, such as ease of program construction (visual programming), an open (non-proprietary) architecture, simple component-based integration and advanced deployment methods, which allow us to rapidly construct and share applications that combine geocomputation and geovisualization methods. It also demonstrates that GeoVISTA Studio can be used as both a Web GIS application and a Web GIS application builder.
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) signalling regulates human placental trophoblast cell survival (2004)

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) is the physiologic ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR4. CXCR4-mediated signalling regulates cell migration and apoptosis in certain haematopoietic and neuronal cells. Using gene profiling, we determined that CXCR4 is the only chemokine receptor for which mRNA expression is regulated during trophoblast differentiation in vitro. Based on the known effects of CXCR4 ligation, we hypothesized that CXCR4 activation may regulate placental trophoblast cell survival (i.e. protection from apoptosis), an important mechanism for the establishment and maintenance of the uteroplacental barrier. Human cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) were cultured in defined media and treated with graded doses of SDF-1 (10-100 ng/ml) or with an anti-CXCR4 neutralizing antibody. Exposure to anti-CXCR4 antibody reduced CTB cell numbers by 25-40%. Treatment with SDF-1 decreased the proportions of apoptotic terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-FITC nick-end labelling(+) cells (apoptotic index [AI] of 2.79+/-0.61% [control] versus 1.88+/-0.56% [SDF-1]; P<0.05) and caspase-activated cells (AI of 7.95+/-2.49% [control] versus 3.81+/-1.49% [SDF-1]; P<0.05). We determined that SDF-1 also activated the triple MAP Kinase isoforms ERK1/2 and p38 in trophoblasts. Immunocytochemistry confirmed SDF-1-induced nuclear translocation of phosphorylated ERK1/2. Blocking of ERK1/2 signalling with the specific inhibitor PD98059 reversed SDF-1-mediated inhibition of apoptosis (AI of 1.65+/-0.34 [SDF-1] versus 3.50+/-0.5 [SDF-1 + PD98059]; P<0.05), suggesting that SDF-1 acts through this pathway as a trophoblast survival factor. These results indicate that SDF-1/CXCR4 signalling stimulates anti-apoptotic pathways in cultured trophoblasts. This chemotactic ligand/receptor system may promote trophoblast survival during pregnancy. Alterations in SDF-1 and/or CXCR4 expression or function may be associated with specific pregnancy disorders.
Frequent loss of PDCD4 expression in human glioma: Possible role in the tumorigenesis of glioma (2007)

Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) was recently identified as a novel tumor suppressor gene. The loss of PDCD4 expression was found in several types of human cancer cell lines. To date, however, the status of PDCD4 expression in human glioma tissue is not known. In the present study, the expression of PDCD4 in 30 glioma samples was determined at both mRNA and protein levels by means of RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, that 47% (14/30) of glioma samples lost the expression of PDCD4 mRNA, and 77% (23/30) of glioma samples lacked the PDCD4 protein expression, whereas adjacent normal glial tissues expressed high levels of PDCD4 mRNA and protein. Furthermore, the loss of PDCD4 expression does not significantly correlate with the pathological and clinical features of the glioma. Our new data suggest that the loss of PDCD4 expression is a frequent event in human glioma and may partially contribute to the development of the tumor.
Resting-state functional MRI in depression unmasks increased connectivity between networks via the dorsal nexus (2010)

To better understand intrinsic brain connections in major depression, we used a neuroimaging technique that measures resting state functional connectivity using functional MRI (fMRI). Three different brain networks--the cognitive control network, default mode network, and affective network--were investigated. Compared with controls, in depressed subjects each of these three networks had increased connectivity to the same bilateral dorsal medial prefrontal cortex region, an area that we term the dorsal nexus. The dorsal nexus demonstrated dramatically increased depression-associated fMRI connectivity with large portions of each of the three networks. The discovery that these regions are linked together through the dorsal nexus provides a potential mechanism to explain how symptoms of major depression thought to arise in distinct networks--decreased ability to focus on cognitive tasks, rumination, excessive self-focus, increased vigilance, and emotional, visceral, and autonomic dysregulation--could occur concurrently and behave synergistically. It suggests that the newly identified dorsal nexus plays a critical role in depressive symptomatology, in effect "hot wiring" networks together; it further suggests that reducing increased connectivity of the dorsal nexus presents a potential therapeutic target.
Characterization of a Virus Associated with Turkey Rhinotracheitis (1988)

A virus associated with turkey rhinotracheitis was purified and its morphology and structural polypeptides were compared with those of the bovine, human and murine members of the genus Pneumovirus. The isolate possessed surface projections 13 to 14 nm in length and a helical nucleocapsid 14 nm in diameter with a pitch of 7 nm. Approximately seven presumed viral polypeptides were observed. Their apparent molecular weights were 200 x 10(3) (200K), 84K, 54K, 42K, 37K, 31K and 14K; two of these, the 84K and 54K polypeptides, were glycosylated. The virus was shown to possess many features that were similar to established pneumoviruses and can therefore be regarded as a possible member of this genus.
Pancreatic islets isolation using different protocols with in situ flushing and intraductal collagenase injection. (2004)

Human islet transplantation seems to be a very promising clinical procedure for patients with type I diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of in situ intravascular flushing with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and intraductal collagenase injection at the time of pancreas procurement on the isolated islets and exocrine tissue injury. Our experiments indicated that in situ perfusion with the UW solution has a beneficial effect on pancreatic islets and intraductal distention results in an increase in the concentration of pancreatic enzymes released into the cold preservation solution during ischemic conditions. Cold ischemia reduced islet yield, but pancreas perfusion with the UW solution showed better ischemic tolerance of isolated islets during glucose static incubation. We conclude that intravascular pancreas flushing has a crucial effect on recovery and yield of pancreatic islets and protects against exocrine tissue injury.
Nanoscale Radiotherapy with Hafnium Oxide Nanoparticles (2012)

These findings, supported by good tolerance, provide the basis for developing this new type of nanoparticle as a promising anticancer approach in human patients.
Efficient query processing for data integration (2002)

A major problem today is that important data is scattered throughout dozens of separately evolved data sources, in a form that makes the &amp;quot;big picture&amp;quot; difficult to obtain. Data integration presents a unified virtual view of all data within a domain, allowing the user to pose queries across the complete integrated schema. This dissertation addresses the performance needs...
Expanding the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model-Towards more Efficient Training in the IT Sector (2014)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the Kirkpatrick Learning Evaluation Model (1950) can be augmented to make it more credible and successful evaluation parameter in the changing times. Since the advent of Information Technology industry the rigid structures of organizations are replaced by the Flat/Matrix structures, removing the bars of time and place. This paper is an attempt to include three gaps identified in the Kirkpatrick Model, Training motivation, Organization citizenship behaviour and the Assessment of both the individual and the Organization simultaneously. Through co-relation and regression analysis these gaps were tested on the data obtained from 461 employees. The data support the various relationships to be included in Kirkpatrick Model and it identifies that for an effective training program it's essential to perform both pre-training and post-training analysis using the four parameters of Kirkpatrick Model viz. Reaction (changed to Motivation), Learning, Behaviour (or Performance) and Results.
Mast cell heparin stimulates migration of capillary endothelial cells in vitro. (1980)

Migration of capillary endothelial cells is an important component of angiogenesis in vivo. Increased numbers of mast cells have been associated with several types of angiogenesis. We have used a quantitative assay in vitro to demonstrate that mast cells release a factor that significantly increases bovine capillary endothelial cell migration. The factor is present in medium conditioned by mast cells as well as lysates of mast cells. The stimulatory effect of mast cells on migration is specific for capillary endothelial cells. Furthermore, mast cells have no mitogenic activity for capillary endothelial cells. Of all the secretory products of mast cells tested, only heparin stimulated capillary endothelial cell migration in vitro. Heparin preparations from a variety of sources stimulated capillary endothelial cell migration to the same degree but did not stimulate migration of several other cell types. The migration activity of heparin and mast cell conditioned medium was blocked by specific antagonists of heparin (protamine and heparinase), but not by chondroitinase ABC. The migration activity of mast cell conditioned medium was resistant to heat (100 degrees C) and incubation with proteolytic enzymes. These results suggest that the role of mast cells in angiogenesis may be to enhance migration of the endothelial cells of growing capillaries.
Reversible conductivity changes in discharge-produced amorphous Si (1977)

A new reversible photoelectronic effect is reported for amorphous Si produced by glow discharge of SiH4. Long exposure to light decreases both the photoconductivity and the dark conductivity, the latter by nearly four orders of magnitude. Annealing above 150 °C reverses the process. A model involving optically induced changes in gap states is proposed. The results have strong implications for both the physical nature of the material and for its applications in thin-film solar cells, as well as the reproducibility of measurements on discharge-produced Si.
The Toxicology of Molecular Oxygen (1984)

Molecular oxygen, itself not very reactive, can be converted by photosensitization to electronically excited singlet states, and by partial reduction to the superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals and to hydrogen peroxide. The very considerable toxicity of oxygen, which is due primarily to the properties of these derivatives, is ordinarily overlooked because aerobes have evolved an elaborate system of defenses which is reasonably adequate under ambient conditions. This toxicity becomes all too apparent when these defenses are overwhelmed at elevated pO2 or through the action of compounds which increase the conversion of oxygen to its more reactive derivatives. We will here consider the threat posed by oxygen and the defenses which make aerobic life possible.
Effects of the Thyroid Hormone Receptor Agonist GC-1 on Metabolic Rate and Cholesterol in Rats and Primates: Selective Actions Relative to 3,5,3′-Triiodo-l-Thyronine (2004)

Current drug therapies for obesity are ineffective, and existing treatments for lipid disorders can be further improved. Thyroid hormones affect both conditions, although currently available nonselective thyromimetics are not clinically useful for such treatment due to cardiac side effects. Recent studies suggest that thyroid hormone receptor subtype beta (TRbeta) selective agonists have a profile in which cholesterol can be reduced with minimal tachycardia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether modest (5-10%) increases in metabolic rate could also be observed with minimal tachycardia after TRbeta stimulation. For these studies, the TRbeta selective agonist, GC-1, was used to assess selectivity for lipid-lowering and metabolic rate changes relative to tachycardia. Studies in cholesterol-fed rats (7 d treatment) showed that GC-1 reduced cholesterol (ED(50) = 190 nmol/kg x d) approximately 30 times more potently than it induced tachycardia (ED(15) = 5451 nmol/kg x d). T(3) showed no potency difference between cholesterol lowering and tachycardia. GC-1 showed approximately 10-fold selectivity for increasing metabolic rate (ED(5) = 477 nmol/kg x d) relative to tachycardia compared with T(3), which showed no selectivity. In cynomolgus monkeys treated for 7 d, significant cholesterol-lowering and lipoprotein (a) reduction was noted for both T(3) and GC-1, whereas no tachycardia was observed for GC-1, unlike T(3). T(3) and GC-1 caused a significant (approximately 4%) reduction in body weight in these animals. Therefore, selective TRbeta activation may be a potentially usefully treatment for obesity and reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and reduction of the atherogenic risk factor lipoprotein (a).