gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convolutional neural network based triangular CRF for joint intent detection and slot filling (2013)

We describe a joint model for intent detection and slot filling based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). The proposed architecture can be perceived as a neural network (NN) version of the triangular CRF model (TriCRF), in which the intent label and the slot sequence are modeled jointly and their dependencies are exploited. Our slot filling component is a globally normalized CRF style model, as opposed to left-to-right models in recent NN based slot taggers. Its features are automatically extracted through CNN layers and shared by the intent model. We show that our slot model component generates state-of-the-art results, outperforming CRF significantly. Our joint model outperforms the standard TriCRF by 1% absolute for both intent and slot. On a number of other domains, our joint model achieves 0.7-1%, and 0.9-2.1% absolute gains over the independent modeling approach for intent and slot respectively.
In vitro protein–polysaccharide conjugation: Tyrosinase‐catalyzed conjugation of gelatin and chitosan (2002)

The enzyme tyrosinase was used for the in vitro conjugation of the protein gelatin to the polysaccharide chitosan. Tyrosinases are oxidative enzymes that convert accessible tyrosine residues of proteins into reactive o-quinone moieties. Spectrophotometric and dissolved oxygen studies indicate that tyrosinase can oxidize gelatin and we estimate that 1 in 5 gelatin chains undergo reaction. Oxidized tyrosyl residues (i.e., quinone residues) can undergo nonenzymatic reactions with available nucleophiles such as the nucleophilic amino groups of chitosan. Ultraviolet/visible, (1)H-NMR, and ir provided chemical evidence for the conjugation of oxidized gelatin with chitosan. Physical evidence for conjugation was provided by dynamic viscometry, which indicated that tyrosinase catalyzes the sol-to-gel conversion of gelatin/chitosan mixtures. The gels formed from tyrosinase-catalyzed reactions were observed to differ from gels formed by cooling gelatin. In contrast to gelatin gels, tyrosinase-generated gels had different thermal behavior and were broken by the chitosan-hydrolyzing enzyme chitosanase. These results demonstrate that tyrosinase can be exploited for the in vitro formation of protein-polysaccharide conjugates that offer interesting mechanical properties.
Conceptual clustering in information retrieval (1998)

Clustering is used in information retrieval systems to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the retrieval process. Clustering is achieved by partitioning the documents in a collection into classes such that documents that are associated with each other are assigned to the same cluster. This association is generally determined by examining the index term representation of documents or by capturing user feedback on queries on the system. In cluster-oriented systems, the retrieval process can be enhanced by employing characterization of clusters. In this paper, we present the techniques to develop clusters and cluster characterizations by employing user viewpoint. The user viewpoint is elicited through a structured interview based on a knowledge acquisition technique, namely personal construct theory. It is demonstrated that the application of personal construct theory results in a cluster representation that can be used during query as well as to assign new documents to the appropriate clusters.
Reduction of central nervous system ischemic injury by monoclonal antibody to intercellular adhesion molecule (1991)

Activated leukocytes appear to be directly involved in potentiating ischemic central nervous system (CNS) injury. Adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium is essential for their migration and requires the binding of adhesion receptors of the leukocyte (CD 18) to an intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) on endothelium. Monoclonal antibodies to an ICAM can block leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. To determine the efficacy of anti-ICAM antibody treatment in preserving neurological function after CNS ischemia, two animal models were used. A 1-mg/kg dose of anti-ICAM was given to rabbits 30 minutes before induction of ischemia either in the spinal cord using temporary aortic occlusion or in the brain using intra-arterial microspheres. In this study, treatment with anti-ICAM produced a significant reduction in neurological deficits in the reversible spinal cord ischemia model but not in the irreversible brain ischemia model. This protective effect supports the active role of leukocytes in CNS reperfusion ischemic injury and offers potential for future therapy.
An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering (2002)

If you've not been involved in MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems) technology or had the cause to use MEMS devices, then you may wonder what all the fuss is about. What are MEMS anyway? What's the difference between MEMS and MST (MicroSystems Technology)? What are the advantages over existing technologies? If you have ever found yourself pondering over such questions, then this book may be for you.
Establishment of permanent astroglial cell lines, able to differentiate in vitro, from transgenic mice carrying the polyoma virus large T gene: An alternative approach to brain cell immortalization (1990)

Permanent untransformed cell lines have been established from the cerebral cortex of transgenic mice that carry the polyoma virus large T gene. The immortalized cells described here synthesize laminin and neural cell adhesion molecules and induce primary neurons to develop neuritic processes. As shown by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays, they begin to synthesize the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) after confluence. Double labelling experiments indicated that GFAP expression is reversibly correlated with the arrest of cell division. The present cells also display adrenergic, serotoninergic, and high levels of muscarinic receptors coupled to the phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway. Taken together, our data show that these cell lines constitute homogeneous cell material that has retained the main differentiative, functional, and growth properties of normal astrocytes. Therefore, such clonal untransformed cell lines should be useful for further molecular studies, addressing terminal differentiation of glial cells, glioneuronal interactions, and astroglial expression of receptors for neurotransmitters. Furthermore, we suggest that this approach of cell immortalization by the use of transgenic mice carrying a non-transforming oncogene might be extended to a variety of cell types.
The distribution of Levin's measure of attributable risk (1975)

Some properties of the sample estimator of attributable risk λ, defined here as the proportion of all cases of disease which may be attributed to a risk factor, are considered for the case-control study situation. It is shown that log (1 −λ^ ) may be expressed in terms of the prevalences of the factor in cases and healthy controls, that the bias of the estimator is minimized when ½ is added to the cell frequencies corresponding to nonexposed persons in the usual 2 × 2 contingency table, and that the distribution of 1−λ^ is asymptotically log normal. Examples of the calculations, and a discussion of the results, are given for a number of risk factors for childhood leukemia.
Physical and optical properties of Ce:YAG nanophosphors and transparent ceramics and observation of novel luminescence phenomenon (2017)

Ce doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ce:YAG) is an important photonic material that is used as a yellow phosphor for white light emitting diodes. In this work, the physical and optical properties of Ce:YAG nanophosphors are investigated and the effects of high-temperature thermal treatments and annealing atmospheres on the particle size and luminescence intensity are discussed. Furthermore, photo-luminescence (PL) was measured as a function of temperature and compared with PL from Ce:YAG single crystals and transparent ceramics to understand the mechanism of luminescence decay with temperature. While the characteristics of PL emission as a function of temperature for single crystals and NPs are similar and follow common decay trends, Ce:YAG transparent ceramics exhibit an interesting unusual increase in PL with temperature. We explained this unique novel behavior by a 4-step mechanism involving localized states in the band gap, and provided evidence from thermo-luminescence measurements to support this interpretation. The work reveals a new luminescence phenomenon arising from the overlap of PL and TL emissions; this phenomenon is most likely characteristic of transparent ceramics.
2007 avionics OPTICS survey (2007)

Subtitle: Top mfrs: 1 Avidyne, 2 Garmin, 3 Collins, 4 Universal, 5 Honeywell. Highest rated systems: 1 Collins Pro Line 21, 2 Honeywell Primus Epic, 3 Honeywell Primus 2000, 4 Collins Pro Line 4, 5 Honeywell Primus 1000. Highest rated units: 1 Garmin GNS530, 2 GHS430, 3 Universal UNS1C, 4 Universal UNS1K, 5 Honeywell GNS XLS, 6 Honeywell KLN series.
Silastic foam dressing: an appraisal. (1985)

Silastic foam polymerised in situ has been investigated as an alternative to other means of securely dressing split thickness skin grafts on involuted sites. The bacteriological risks and physical hazards have been explored. From a series of 25 patients silastic foam appeared to offer an easier safer and more effective means of graft fixation in difficult areas.
Inspiratory Impedance During Active Compression-Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (2000)

This prospective, randomized, blinded trial was performed in prehospital mobile intensive care units in Paris, France. Patients in nontraumatic cardiac arrest received ACD CPR plus the ITV or ACD CPR alone for 30 minutes during advanced cardiac life support. End tidal CO(2) (ETCO(2)), diastolic blood pressure (DAP) and coronary perfusion pressure, and time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were measured. Groups were similar with respect to age, gender, and initial rhythm. Mean maximal ETCO(2), coronary perfusion pressure, and DAP values, respectively (in mm Hg), were 13.1+/-0.9, 25.0+/-1.4, and 36.5+/-1.5 with ACD CPR alone versus 19.1+/-1.0, 43.3+/-1.6, and 56.4+/-1.7 with ACD plus valve (P<0.001 between groups). ROSC was observed in 2 of 10 patients with ACD CPR alone after 26.5+/-0.7 minutes versus 4 of 11 patients with ACD CPR plus ITV after 19.8+/-2.8 minutes (P<0.05 for time from intubation to ROSC). Conclusions-Use of an inspiratory resistance valve in patients in cardiac arrest receiving ACD CPR increases the efficiency of CPR, leading to diastolic arterial pressures of >50 mm Hg. The long-term benefits of this new CPR technology are under investigation.
Src Family Kinases as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Malignancies and Immunological Disorders (2008)

The Src family consists of eight non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases characterised by a common structure. Based on their amino acid sequence, Src family kinases are grouped into two subfamilies, which are also characterised by different tissue specificity. Src kinases are involved in signal transduction pathways triggered by a wide variety of surface receptors, including receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, G-protein-coupled receptors and antigen receptors. Several pieces of evidence implicate Src family kinases in cancer development, as a consequence of changes in protein expression and/or kinase activity, and have prompted the design of potent specific inhibitors, the most common of which are adenine mimetics, as tools of relevant clinical interest for the treatment of both solid tumours and leukaemias. In addition, the finding that some Src kinases expressed in haematopoietic cells play pivotal roles in lymphocyte maturation and activation has fostered the development of safe and effective inhibitors selective for specific Src family members, which are currently being tested in clinical trials as immunosuppressants for the treatment of immunological disorders. Here we shall review the recent literature on the involvement of Src family kinases in human neoplasias and immunological disorders and the goals reached in the search for selective pharmacological inhibitors.
Development of trifunctional probes for glycoproteomic analysis (2010)

A new trifunctional probe, assembled using a cleavable linker, is useful for efficient enrichment and detection of alkynyl sugar-tagged biomolecules.
Upregulation of Id-1 via BMP-2 receptors induces reactive oxygen species in podocytes (2006)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted signaling molecules, which play a major role in kidney development and disease. Here, we show the existence of mRNA for BMP-2 and for the BMP receptors BMPR1A, BMPR1B, BMPRII, ACVR1A, ACVR2, and ACVR2B in differentiated mouse podocytes and the protein expression of BMPR1A in human glomerular podocytes. BMP-2 dose dependently increases the free cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in podocytes proving the existence of a functional receptor in these cells. Recent data indicate that in a myoblastic cell line and in a breast cancer cell line, BMP-2 increases the expression of Id-1, a negative regulator of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, but the role of BMP-2 stimulated Id-1 expression in the kidney has not been further characterized. Here, we show that BMP-2 increases the expression of Id-1 in differentiated podocytes. To investigate a role of Id-1 for podocyte function, overexpression of Id-1 was induced in differentiated mouse podocytes. Id-1-overexpressing podocytes show an increased NADPH-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This effect can be evoked by BMP-2 and can be antagonized by anti-Id-1 antisense oligonucleotides. The data indicate that BMP-2 may, via an increased expression of Id-1 and an increased generation of ROS, contribute to important cellular functions in podocytes. ROS supposedly play a major role in cell adhesion, cell injury, ion transport, fibrogenesis, angiogenesis and are involved in the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy.
Mahaley Clinical Research Award: chemosensitization of glioma through dendritic cell vaccination. (2006)

A major reason chemotherapy fails in cancer treatment is drug resistance. New targets against chemotherapy resistance have been developed with the identification of molecular pathways in drug resistance. These targets are proteins that are highly expressed in human gliomas and are known to be tumor antigens. The immune system produces specialized white blood cells called dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are the most potent antigen-presenting cell of the immune system. DCs have demonstrated the ability to stimulate antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses against tumor antigens. Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel treatment strategy for gliomas with tumor antigens serving as the driving force. Clinical immunotherapy trials for glioma patients using vaccinations made of tumor antigens combined with dendritic cells ex vivo have shown promising results. DC vaccinations may increase sensitivity to chemotherapy, as demonstrated by a significant increase in 2-year survival rates in patients with malignant gliomas who received chemotherapy after immunotherapy (51). The use of DC vaccinations to increase sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy can be rationalized as a novel strategy. Hence, this review will focus on the recent advances in the identification of tumor-associated antigens in gliomas, as well as their biological function related to drug resistance. The current research status and the future direction of DC vaccines to treat glioma in animal models and clinical trials will also be discussed.
Cloning of a Novel Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase, MEKK4, That Selectively Regulates the c-Jun Amino Terminal Kinase Pathway (1997)

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of sequential kinase cascades that are activated in response to a variety of extracellular signals. Members of the MAPK family include the extracellular response kinases (ERKs or p42/44(MAPK)), the c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs), and the p38/Hog 1 protein kinases. MAPKs are phosphorylated and activated by MAPK kinases (MKKs or MEKs), which in turn are phosphorylated and activated by MKK/MEK kinases (Raf and MKKK/MEKKs). We have isolated two cDNAs encoding splice variants of a novel MEK kinase, MEKK4. The MEKK4 mRNA is widely expressed in mouse tissues and encodes for a protein of approximately 180 kDa. The MEKK4 carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain is approximately 55% homologous to the catalytic domains of MEKKs 1, 2, and 3. The amino-terminal region of MEKK4 has little sequence homology to the previously cloned MEKK proteins. MEKK4 specifically activates the JNK pathway but not ERKs or p38, distinguishing it from MEKKs 1, 2 and 3, which are capable of activating the ERK pathway. MEKK4 is localized in a perinuclear, vesicular compartment similar to the Golgi. MEKK4 binds to Cdc42 and Rac; kinase-inactive mutants of MEKK4 block Cdc42/Rac stimulation of the JNK pathway. MEKK4 has a putative pleckstrin homology domain and a proline-rich motif, suggesting specific regulatory functions different from those of the previously characterized MEKKs.
Focal plane calibration of the Spitzer space telescope (2009)

The Spitzer space telescope (Spitzer) is currently NASA's largest and most sensitive infrared (IR) telescope in space. Spitzer's focal plane carries detectors from three science instruments, namely, the infrared array camera (IRAC), the infrared spectrograph (IRS), and the multiband imaging photometer for Spitzer (MIPS). In this article we discuss the instrument pointing frame (IPF) Kalman filter, which is used to calibrate Spitzer's telescope focal plane. The IPF filter is a high-order square-root iterated linearized Kalman filter that carries 37 states to estimate frame misalignments, while correcting for systematic errors due to optical distortions, scan-mirror errors, thermomechanically induced drift variations, and gyro bias and drift in all axes. The Spitzer application demonstrates that the integrated approach offers significant advantages with respect to optimality, time-efficiency, anomaly detection, and health monitoring compared to existing telescope-calibration approaches, where the parameters are artificially broken into subsets that are estimated by separate teams of analysts. Performance results for the IPF Kalman filter indicate that all Spitzer calibration requirements are satisfied, and are consistent with margins predicted by preflight error analysis. On a final note, after more than five-and-a-half years of probing the cool cosmos, Spitzer entered standby mode on May 15, 2009, as a result of running out of the liquid helium coolant that kept its infrared instruments chilled. This event marks the successful completion of the Spitzer's cold mission as originally commissioned by NASA. However, even though the telescope is warming up, the IRAC arrays continue to operate and provide useful scientific data. A new follow-on warm mission based on the IRAC arrays has been defined and initiated, so that Spitzer will remain in commission for several years to come.
OeMST2 Encodes a Monosaccharide Transporter Expressed throughout Olive Fruit Maturation (2007)

In olive fruits, sugars are the main soluble components providing energy and acting as precursors for olive oil biosynthesis. Large quantities of glucose, fructose and galactose are often found in olive pulp. To analyze sugar transport processes in Olea europaea, a cDNA encoding a monosaccharide transporter, designated OeMST2 (Olea europaea monosaccharide transporter 2) was cloned. An open reading frame of 1,569 bp codes for a protein of 523 amino acids and a calculated molecular weight of 57.6 kDa. The protein is homologous to other sugar transporters identified so far in higher plants. Expression of this cDNA in an hxt-null Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deficient in glucose transport restored its capacity to grow on and to transport glucose. The encoded protein showed high affinity for D-glucose (K(m), 25 microM) and was also able to recognize D-galactose and the analogs 3-O-methyl-D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, but not D-fructose, D-arabinose, sucrose or D-mannitol. Maximal transport activity was high at acidic pH (5.0), and the initial D-[(14)C]glucose uptake rates were strongly inhibited by the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, confirming that OeMST2 is a H(+)/monosaccharide transporter. The expression of OeMST2 was studied during the ripening process. Transcript levels increased during fruit maturation, suggesting that OeMST2 takes part in the massive accumulation of monosaccharides in olive fruits. Monosaccharide:H(+) transport system activity and OeMST2 expression were negatively regulated by glucose in suspension-cultured cells. Glucose-mediated OeMST2 repression was impaired by mannoheptulose, suggesting the involvement of a hexokinase-dependent signaling pathway.
Hot-wire electrodes: voltammetry above the boiling point (1996)

Heated wires in a special symmetrical arrangement were used for electrochemical experiments in a thin, hot, near-electrode solution layer. By application of a series of short-time heat pulsing sequences with current sampling and synchronized polarization steps, voltammetric curves above the boiling point were recorded. Methods for determining and controlling the actual temperature are presented. The temperature dependence of quantities such as diffusion coefficient or electrode potential can be determined in a convenient manner. Examples are given for different redox systems, including hexacyanoferrate(III)–(II), Fe3+–Fe2+, bromate, oxalic acid and formaldehyde.
Determinants of adjective-noun plausibility (1999)

This paper explores the determinants of adjective-noun plausibility by using correlation analysis to compare judgements elicited from human subjects with five corpus-based variables: co-occurrence frequency of the adjective-noun pair, noun frequency, conditional probability of the noun given the adjective, the log-likelihood ratio, and Resnik's (1993) selectional association measure. The highest correlation is obtained with the co-occurrence frequency, which points to the strongly lexicalist and collocational nature of adjective-noun combinations.
Analysis of Wnt Gene Expression in Prostate Cancer (2004)

The Wnt signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in many tumor types, including those of the prostate, in which beta-catenin accumulates in cell nuclei and acts as a transcriptional coregulator for the androgen receptor. Because activating mutations in the beta-catenin gene are rare in prostate cancer, we have looked for altered expression of other components of the Wnt signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells. Here we determined the expression levels of Wnt family genes in cultured human prostate cells and prostate cancer cell lines. We found that WNT11 expression is elevated in hormone-independent prostate cancer cell lines. Additional analysis indicated that WNT11 expression is also elevated in high-grade prostatic tumors and in hormone-independent xenografts. Growth of hormone-dependent LNCaP cells in hormone-depleted media led to increased WNT11 expression, which was repressed by the synthetic androgen R1881. This repression was inhibited by the antiandrogen bicalutamide, suggesting that androgens negatively regulate WNT11 expression through the androgen receptor. Expression of WNT11 inhibited androgen receptor transcriptional activity and cell growth in androgen-dependent cells but not in androgen-independent cells. WNT11 inhibited activation of the canonical Wnt pathway by WNT3A in HEK 293 cells and inhibited basal beta-catenin/Tcf transcriptional activity in LNCaP cells. However, expression of stabilized beta-catenin did not prevent the inhibition of androgen receptor transcriptional activity by WNT11. Our observations are consistent with a model in which androgen depletion activates WNT11-dependent signals that inhibit androgen-dependent but not androgen-independent cell growth.