gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemistry Using Single Carbon Nanotubes (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTElectrochemistry Using Single Carbon NanotubesJoseph K. Campbell, Li Sun, and Richard M. CrooksView Author Information Department of Chemistry P.O. Box 30012, Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 77842-3012 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 15, 3779–3780Publication Date (Web):April 2, 1999Publication History Received4 January 1999Published online2 April 1999Published inissue 1 April 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja990001vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja990001vrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1734Altmetric-Citations246LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Diffusion,Electrodes,Phytochemistry,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
Cloning and Expression of a Cocaine-Sensitive Rat Dopamine Transporter (1991)

The action of dopamine and other monoamine neurotransmitters at synapses is terminated predominantly by high-affinity reuptake into presynaptic terminals by specific sodium-dependent neurotransmitter transport proteins. A complementary DNA encoding a rat dopamine transporter has been isolated that exhibits high sequence similarity with the previously cloned norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters. Transient expression of the complementary DNA in HeLa cells confirms the cocaine sensitivity of this transporter.
Chemical modification of siRNA. (2010)

siRNAs are widely used for the control of gene expression in molecular biology and experimental pharmacology. siRNA molecules are the most efficient and specific inhibitors of gene expression to have been discovered, acting at nanomolar and subnanomolar concentrations. Challenges associated with nuclease stability, selecting effective sequences, reducing off-target effects and achieving efficient delivery to target cells and tissues have significantly limited the biomedical applications of siRNA. However, chemical modification is a powerful tool for improving the properties of siRNA. This review examines recent data regarding chemical modifications used to develop potent effectors of gene silencing. The correlation between thermal stability and potency, and between nuclease resistance and duration of the silencing effect, are discussed with relation to chemically modified siRNAs.
Diethyl 2,4-dioxoimidazolidine-5-phosphonates: Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reagents for the mild and efficient preparation of C-5 unsaturated hydantoin derivatives (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiethyl 2,4-dioxoimidazolidine-5-phosphonates: Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reagents for the mild and efficient preparation of C-5 unsaturated hydantoin derivativesNicholas A. Meanwell, Herbert R. Roth, Edward C. R. Smith, Donald L. Wedding, and J. J. Kim WrightCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 24, 6897–6904Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00024a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00024a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views943Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
AmazonIA (2011)

Cloud Computing is an emerging technology promising new business opportunities and easy deployment of web services. Much has been written about the risks and benefits of cloud computing in the last years. The literature on clouds often points out security and privacy challenges as the main obstacles, and proposes solutions and guidelines to avoid them. However, most of these works deal with either malicious cloud providers or customers, but ignore the severe threats caused by unaware users.
Correlation hole of the spin-polarized electron gas, with exact small-wave-vector and high-density scaling (1991)

For a uniform electron gas of density n=${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}}$+${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}}$=3/4\ensuremath{\pi}${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}^{3}$=\ensuremath{\pi}${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{s}}^{6}$/192 and spin polarization \ensuremath{\zeta}=(${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}}$-${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}}$)/n, we study the Fourier transform \ensuremath{\rho}${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathit{c}}$(k,${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$,\ensuremath{\zeta}) of the correlation hole, as well as the correlation energy ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}}_{\mathit{c}}$(${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$,\ensuremath{\zeta})=${\mathcal{F}}_{0}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\infty}}}$dk \ensuremath{\rho}${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathit{c}}$/\ensuremath{\pi}. In the high-density (${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) limit, we find a simple scaling relation ${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\rho}${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathit{c}}$/\ensuremath{\pi}${\mathit{g}}^{2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}f(z,\ensuremath{\zeta}), where z=k/${\mathit{gk}}_{\mathit{s}}$, g=[(1+\ensuremath{\zeta}${)}^{2/3}$+(1-\ensuremath{\zeta}${)}^{2/3}$]/2, and f(z,1)=f(z,0). The function f(z,\ensuremath{\zeta}) is only weakly \ensuremath{\zeta} dependent, and its small-z expansion -3z/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{2}$+4 \ensuremath{\surd}3 ${\mathrm{z}}^{2}$/${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{2}$+... is also the exact small-wave-vector (k\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) expansion for any ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$ or \ensuremath{\zeta}. Motivated by these considerations, and by a discussion of the large-wave-vector and low-density limits, we present two Pad\'e representations for \ensuremath{\rho}${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathit{c}}$ at any k, ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$, or \ensuremath{\zeta}, one within and one beyond the random-phase approximation (RPA). We also show that \ensuremath{\rho}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} $_{\mathit{c}}^{\mathrm{RPA}}$ obeys a generalization of Misawa's spin-scaling relation for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}}_{\mathit{c}}^{\mathrm{RPA}}$, and that the low-density (${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}) limit of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}}_{\mathit{c}}^{\mathrm{RPA}}$ is \ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3/4}$.
Oxidative Injury and Apoptosis of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons in Chronic Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy (2003)

We evaluated the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons using immunohistochemical and electrophysiologic techniques for evidence of oxidative injury. Experimental diabetic neuropathy was induced by streptozotocin. To evaluate the pathogenesis of the neuropathy, we studied peripheral nerve after 1, 3, and 12 months of diabetes. Electrophysiologic abnormalities were present from the first month and persisted over 12 months. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine labeling was significantly increased at all time points in DRG neurons, indicating oxidative injury. Caspase-3 labeling was significantly increased at all three time points, indicating commitment to the efferent limb of the apoptotic pathway. Apoptosis was confirmed by a significant increase in the percentage of neurons undergoing apoptosis at 1 month (8%), 3 months (7%), and 12 months (11%). These findings support the concept that oxidative stress leads to oxidative injury of DRG neurons, with mitochondrium as a specific target, leading to impaired mitochondrial function and apoptosis, manifested clinically as a predominantly sensory neuropathy.
Ingestible Capsule for Impedance and pH Monitoring in the Esophagus (2007)

Twenty-four-hour ambulatory pH monitoring is an essential tool for diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Simultaneous impedance and pH monitoring of the esophagus improves the detection and characterization of GERD. Conventional catheter-based monitoring systems are uncomfortable and interfere with the normal activity of the patient. To overcome these disadvantages, different wireless esophageal monitoring systems have been proposed. A capsule containing sensors for impedance and pH monitoring with wireless communication capabilities is presented. A low cost miniature microcontroller was utilized for interfacing between the sensors and a wireless transmitter. The microcontroller program allowed efficient management of the electric power provided by a 3-V battery. Magnetic holding is proposed as an alternative to surgical affixation of the monitoring capsule. Permanent neodymium magnets separated by 27 cm successfully held the capsule in a test tube. Experimental results demonstrated that friction force can aid magnetic holding to overcome peristalsis. The proposed design efficiently detected acid and nonacid reflux. More research regarding the holding method and capsule packaging are necessary to optimize the mechanical performance of the proposed design in order to facilitate clinical testing on human subjects.
Condensation Coefficients of Ag on Polymers (1999)

Using a novel very sensitive radiotracer technique, we have measured the condensation coefficient $C$ of Ag on several polymers. $C$ shows an extreme variation ranging from close to unity for polyimide to values as low as 0.002 for Teflon ${\mathrm{AF}}^{\mathrm{TM}}$ at room temperature. $C$ decreases strongly at elevated temperatures and exhibits a drop somewhere below the bulk glass transition temperature. The observed angular distribution of reemitted atoms does not depend on the angle of incidence and has a $\mathrm{cos}\ensuremath{\theta}$ form. This, among other arguments, suggests them to be adsorbed at the surface prior to reemission. Nucleation, studied on a polycarbonate, turned out to take place at preferred sites.
Epidermal growth factor-receptor-protein kinase interactions. Co-purification of receptor and epidermal growth factor-enhanced phosphorylation activity. (1980)

Membranes may be prepared from A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells which have the ability to bind 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) in a specific manner and which, in the presence of EGF, catalyze the phosphorylation of a number of endogenous membrane proteins. The activation of the membrane associated protein kinase by EGF appears to be a reversible phenomenon. The membrane preparation may be solubilized by a number of nonionic detergents with the retention of both 125I-labeled EGF-binding activity and EGF-enhanced phosphorylation of specific membrane proteins. The solubilized membrane preparation may be purified by affinity chromatography using EGF covalently linked to Affi-Gel. The purified preparation retains both EGF-binding activity and EGF-enhanced phosphorylation activity. Analysis of the affinity-purified preparation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis indicates the presence of one major protein band of molecular weight 150,000 and several trace bands. The evidence suggests that the major 150,000 protein band is the receptor for EGF and is a substrate of the phosphorylation reaction. The co-purification of EGF-binding activity and EGF-stimulated phosphorylation activity suggests an inherent close relationship.
Improved heart preservation with UW preservation solution. (1989)

Despite the good clinical results obtained with the current heart preservation techniques, these methods need to be improved. The UW solution has provided excellent preservation for the pancreas, kidney, and liver after extended cold ischemic storage times. We have tested the ability of the UW solution to store hearts for 5 and 12 hours and compared the results with those obtained from hearts preserved by either Stanford or modified Collins' solutions. Three groups of five canine hearts each underwent 5 hours, and three groups of five canine hearts underwent 12 hours of ischemia at 4 degrees C. Then the hearts were reperfused in an isolated working canine heart preparation. Those hearts preserved for 5 hours had nearly normal ventricular function and adenosine triphosphate contents and were able to maintain normal tissue electrolyte concentration and water contents. After 12 hours of storage time only adenosine triphosphate contents were similar among the groups. Hearts preserved with the UW solution rapidly recovered, reaching nearly normal left ventricular function by 60 minutes of reperfusion; hearts preserved by the modified Collins' solution recovered more slowly, but function was good after 120 minutes of reperfusion. Hearts preserved by the Stanford solution never attained adequate function. The three groups of hearts preserved for 12 hours did not differ in their ability to utilize lactate or in their rates of oxygen utilization. Tissue water and sodium contents were considerably lower in the hearts preserved with the UW solution after 150 minutes of reperfusion compared with hearts stored in the modified Collins' or Stanford solutions. Hearts stored 12 hours in the UW solution under cold ischemic conditions recovered left ventricular function rapidly after reperfusion with normal blood, utilized lactate and oxygen at normal rates, and were able to regulate tissue water and sodium contents to nearly normal levels. Because of the superior preservation obtained by the UW solution, the solution deserves further evaluation for possible future use in clinical heart transplant programs.
Mouse trp2, the homologue of the human trpc2 pseudogene, encodes mTrp2, a store depletion-activated capacitative Ca 2+ entry channel (1999)

Capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) is Ca2+ entering after stimulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) formation and initiation of Ca2+ store depletion. One hallmark of CCE is that it can also be triggered merely by store depletion, as occurs after inhibition of internal Ca2+ pumps with thapsigargin. Evidence has accumulated in support of a role of transient receptor potential (Trp) proteins as structural subunits of a class of Ca2+-permeable cation channels activated by agonists that stimulate IP3 formation-very likely through a direct interaction between the IP3 receptor and a Trp subunit of the Ca2+ entry channel. The role of Trp's in Ca2+ entry triggered by store depletion alone is less clear. Only a few of the cloned Trp's appear to enhance this type of Ca2+ entry, and when they do, the effect requires special conditions to be observed, which native CCE does not. Here we report the full-length cDNA of mouse trp2, the homologue of the human trp2 pseudogene. Mouse Trp2 is shown to be readily activated not only after stimulation with an agonist but also by store depletion in the absence of an agonist. In contrast to other Trp proteins, Trp2-mediated Ca2+ entry activated by store depletion is seen under the same conditions that reveal endogenous store depletion-activated Ca2+ entry, i.e., classical CCE. The findings support the general hypothesis that Trp proteins are subunits of store- and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels.
Nonlinear disparity mapping for stereoscopic 3D (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of remapping the disparity range of stereoscopic images and video. Such operations are highly important for a variety of issues arising from the production, live broadcast, and consumption of 3D content. Our work is motivated by the observation that the displayed depth and the resulting 3D viewing experience are dictated by a complex combination of perceptual, technological, and artistic constraints. We first discuss the most important perceptual aspects of stereo vision and their implications for stereoscopic content creation. We then formalize these insights into a set of basic disparity mapping operators. These operators enable us to control and retarget the depth of a stereoscopic scene in a nonlinear and locally adaptive fashion. To implement our operators, we propose a new strategy based on stereoscopic warping of the input video streams. From a sparse set of stereo correspondences, our algorithm computes disparity and image-based saliency estimates, and uses them to compute a deformation of the input views so as to meet the target disparities. Our approach represents a practical solution for actual stereo production and display that does not require camera calibration, accurate dense depth maps, occlusion handling, or inpainting. We demonstrate the performance and versatility of our method using examples from live action post-production, 3D display size adaptation, and live broadcast. An additional user study and ground truth comparison further provide evidence for the quality and practical relevance of the presented work.
Control of Ser2448 Phosphorylation in the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin by Insulin and Skeletal Muscle Load (2002)

We have investigated the effects of insulin, amino acids, and the degree of muscle loading on the phosphorylation of Ser(2448), a site in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylated by protein kinase B (PKB) in vitro. Phosphorylation was assessed by immunoblotting with a phosphospecific antibody (anti-Ser(P)(2448)) and with mTAb1, an activating antibody whose binding is inhibited by phosphorylation in the region of mTOR that contains Ser(2448). Incubating rat diaphragm muscles with insulin increased Ser(2448) phosphorylation but did not change the total amount of mTOR. Insulin, but not amino acids, activated PKB, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of both Ser(308) and Thr(473) in the kinase. Ser(2448) phosphorylation was also modulated by muscle-loading. Overloading the rat plantaris muscle by synergist muscle ablation, which promotes hypertrophy of the plantaris muscle, increased Ser(2448) phosphorylation. In contrast, unloading the gastrocnemius muscle by hindlimb suspension, which promotes atrophy of the muscle, decreased Ser(2448) phosphorylation, an effect that was fully reversible. Neither overloading nor hindlimb suspension significantly changed the total amount of mTOR. In summary, our results demonstrate that atrophy and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle are associated with decreases and increases in Ser(2448) phosphorylation, suggesting that modulation of this site may have an important role in the control of protein synthesis.
PERCHLORATE OCCURRENCE MAPPING (2005)

The national occurrence of perchlorate in drinking water was analyzed and geographically mapped by compiling data from existing perchlorate occurrence surveys. The existing surveys included studies by USEPA and by the States of Arizona, California, Massachusetts, and Texas. Perchlorate occurrence was found to be national in scope, with detections in 26 states and Puerto Rico. Perchlorate was detected in at least one entry point to the distribution system of approximately 5% of the nation’s large (>10,000 population) Community Water Systems. Geographically, the highest density of perchlorate detection was found to be in Southern California, west central Texas, along the east coast between New Jersey and Long Island and in Massachusetts. At the present time no perchlorate has been detected in drinking water in the northern Great Plains, the central and northern Rocky Mountains, Alaska or Hawaii. If detected, perchlorate was typically present at concentrations of less than 12 ug/L. The frequency of perchlorate detection increased with lower detection limits, indicating that perchlorate will be more frequently detected if analytical methods of greater sensitivity are used. Perchlorate was often detected in drinking water in areas for which there was no documented environmental release of perchlorate. This implies that the environmental release of perchlorate is more wide spread than anticipated or that undocumented mechanisms of perchlorate formation exist. Since two of the occurrence surveys summarized by this study are still in progress, it is likely that the estimates of perchlorate occurrence made by this report represent a lower bound of the actual number of drinking water systems impacted by perchlorate contamination. 1.0 INTRODUCTION In 1998 perchlorate was added to the USEPA contaminant candidate list (CCL), indicating the agency’s potential interest in regulating this contaminant in drinking water. Inclusion of perchlorate on the CCL was primarily based upon the discovery of perchlorate in California drinking water supplies. Of key concern was the environmental release of ammonium perchlorate by two manufacturers located in Nevada. These releases were associated with low levels of perchlorate contamination in found in Lake Mead and the Colorado River. This water is used for drinking water, irrigation and recreation by millions of people in Nevada, California, and Arizona. Subsequent investigations have identified perchlorate releases to the environment in as many as 26 states. Salts of perchlorate (ClO4) are used in a number of applications including as an oxidizer in solid rocket fuel, and as a component of fireworks, pyrotechnics, flares and explosives. It has also been used medicinally as a treatment for hyperthyroidism as well as a analytical chemical reagent. Perchlorate has also been identified in fertilizers. On a volume basis, more perchlorate is used in the production of solid rocket fuel than for all other uses combined. While the vast majority of perchlorate occurrence in the environment is anthropogenic in nature, there may be instances of natural perchlorate occurrence.