gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sizing, sorting DNA one piece at a time (1999)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSizing, sorting DNA one piece at a timeMAUREEN ROUBICite this: Chem. Eng. News 1999, 77, 2, 5–6Publication Date (Print):January 11, 1999Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 11 January 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v077n002.p005https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v077n002.p005newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Genetics Get e-Alerts
Site-specific recombinase genes in three Shigella subgroups and nucleotide sequences of a pinB gene and an invertible B segment from Shigella boydii (1991)

Inversional switching systems in procaryotes are composed of an invertible DNA segment and a site-specific recombinase gene adjacent to or contained in the segment. Four related but functionally distinct systems have previously been characterized in detail: the Salmonella typhimurium H segment-hin gene (H-hin), phage Mu G-gin, phage P1 C-cin, and Escherichia coli e14 P-pin. In this article we report the isolation and characterization of three new recombinase genes: pinB, pinD, and defective pinF from Shigella boydii, Shigella dysenteriae, and Shigella flexneri, respectively. The genes pinB and pinD were detected by the complementation of a hin mutation of Salmonella and were able to mediate inversion of the H, P, and C segments. pinB mediated H inversion as efficiently as the hin gene did and mediated C inversion with a frequency three orders of magnitude lower than that of the cin gene. pinD mediated inversion of H and P segments with frequencies ten times as high as those for the genes intrinsic to each segment and mediated C inversion with a frequency ten times lower than that for cin. Therefore, the pinB and pinD genes were inferred to be different from each other. The invertible B segment-pinB gene cloned from S. boydii is highly homologous to the G-gin in size, organization, and nucleotide sequence of open reading frames, but the 5' constant region outside the segment is quite different in size and predicted amino acid sequence. The B segment underwent inversion in the presence of hin, pin, or cin. The defective pinF gene is suggested to hae the same origin as P-pin on e14 by the restriction map of the fragment cloned from a Pin+ transductant that was obtained in transduction from S. flexneri to E. coli delta pin.
Exploiting the Yeast L-A Viral Capsid for the In Vivo Assembly of Chimeric VLPs as Platform in Vaccine Development and Foreign Protein Expression (2007)

A novel expression system based on engineered variants of the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) dsRNA virus L-A was developed allowing the in vivo assembly of chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) as a unique platform for a wide range of applications. We show that polypeptides fused to the viral capsid protein Gag self-assemble into isometric VLP chimeras carrying their cargo inside the capsid, thereby not only effectively preventing proteolytic degradation in the host cell cytosol, but also allowing the expression of a per se cytotoxic protein. Carboxyterminal extension of Gag by T cell epitopes from human cytomegalovirus pp65 resulted in the formation of hybrid VLPs that strongly activated antigen-specific CD8(+) memory T cells ex vivo. Besides being a carrier for polypeptides inducing antigen-specific immune responses in vivo, VLP chimeras were also shown to be effective in the expression and purification of (i) a heterologous model protein (GFP), (ii) a per se toxic protein (K28 alpha-subunit), and (iii) a particle-associated and fully recyclable biotechnologically relevant enzyme (esterase A). Thus, yeast viral Gag represents a unique platform for the in vivo assembly of chimeric VLPs, equally attractive and useful in vaccine development and recombinant protein production.
Therapeutic Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in Diabetic Mice (1982)

Dehydroepiandrosterone (OHEA), a major adrenal secretory steroid in humans, was therapeutic when fed in a concentration of 0.4% to C57BL/KsJ mice with either non-insulin-dependent or insulin-dependent diabetes. Genetically diabetic (db/db) mice of both sexes develop obesity and a glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia associated with insulin resistance by 2 mo of age, and exhibit beta-cell necrosis and islet atrophy by 4 mo. In contrast, OHEA feeding initiated between 1 and 4 mo of age, while only moderately effective in preventing obesity, did prevent the other pathogenic changes and effected a rapid remission of hyperglycemia, a preservation of beta-cell structure and function, and an increased insulin sensitivity as measured by glucose tolerance tests. DHEA feeding was also therapeutic to normal C57BL/KsJ male mice made diabetic by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (SZ). While DHEA treatments did not block either the direct cytotoxic action of SZ on beta-cells or the development of insulitis, the steroid significantly moderated the severity of the ensuing diabetes (reduced hyperglycemia and water consumption, and increased plasma insulin and numbers of residual, granulated beta-cells).
Translating Sleeping Beauty transposition into cellular therapies: Victories and challenges (2010)

Recent results confirm that long-term expression of therapeutic transgenes can be achieved by using a transposon-based system in primary stem cells and in vivo. Transposable elements are natural DNA transfer vehicles that are capable of efficient genomic insertion. The latest generation, Sleeping Beauty transposon-based hyperactive vector (SB100X), is able to address the basic problem of non-viral approaches - that is, low efficiency of stable gene transfer. The combination of transposon-based non-viral gene transfer with the latest improvements of non-viral delivery techniques could provide a long-term therapeutic effect without compromising biosafety. The new challenges of pre-clinical research will focus on further refinement of the technology in large animal models and improving the safety profile of SB vectors by target-selected transgene integration into genomic "safe harbors." The first clinical application of the SB system will help to validate the safety of this approach.
Novel monoclonal antibody specific for the de2‐7 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that also recognizes the EGFR expressed in cells containing amplification of the EGFR gene (2002)

In some respects, the EGFR appears to be an attractive target for tumor-targeted antibody therapy: it is overexpressed in many types of epithelial tumor and inhibition of signaling often induces an anti-tumor effect. The use of EGFR specific antibodies, however, may be limited by uptake in organs that have high endogenous levels of the wild type EGFR such as the liver. The de2-7 EGFR (or EGFRvIII) is a naturally occurring extracellular truncation of the EGFR found in a number of tumor types including glioma, breast, lung and prostate. Antibodies directed to this tumor specific variant of the EGFR provide an alternative targeting strategy, although the lower proportion of tumors that express the de2-7 EGFR restricts this approach. We describe a novel monoclonal antibody (MAb 806) that potentially overcomes the difficulties associated with targeting the EGFR expressed on the surface of tumor cells. MAb 806 bound to de2-7 EGFR transfected U87MG glioma cells (U87MG.Delta 2-7) with high affinity (approximately 1 x 10(9) M(-1)), but did not bind parental cells that express the wild type EGFR. Consistent with this observation, MAb 806 was unable to bind a soluble version of the wild type EGFR containing the extracellular domain. In contrast, immobilization of this extracellular domain to ELISA plates induced saturating and dose response binding of MAb 806, suggesting that MAb 806 can bind the wild type EGFR under certain conditions. MAb 806 also bound to the surface of A431 cells, which due to an amplification of the EGFR gene express large amounts of the EGFR. Interestingly, MAb 806 only recognized 10% of the total EGFR molecules expressed by A431 cells and the binding affinity was lower than that determined for the de2-7 EGFR. MAb 806 specifically targeted U87MG.Delta 2-7 and A431 xenografts grown in nude mice with peak levels in U87MG.Delta 2-7 xenografts detected 8 h after injection. No specific targeting of parental U87MG xenografts was observed. Following binding to U87MG.Delta 2-7 cells, MAb 806 was rapidly internalized by macropinocytosis and subsequently transported to lysosomes, a process that probably contributes to the early targeting peak observed in the xenografts. Thus, MAb 806 can be used to target tumor cells containing amplification of the EGFR gene or de2-7 EGFR but does not bind to the wild type EGFR when expressed on the cell surface.
Nerve supply to the posterior longitudinal ligament and the intervertebral disc of the rat vertebral column as studied by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. I. Distribution in the lumbar region. (1990)

The nerve supply to the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and the intervertebral disc (IVD) of the lumbar vertebra was investigated by acetylcholinesterase (AchE) enzyme histochemistry in the rat. The meningeal branch of the spinal nerve (the sinuvertebral nerve) enters the vertebral canal and divides into ascending and descending branches which fuse with those from adjacent vertebrae. They give off transverse branches, connecting with those from the opposite side to form the superficial nerve fibre network in the intervertebral segment, which spreads to the vertebral segment of the PLL. Apart from this superficial nervous network, many nerve fibres enter through the posterolateral portion of the annulus fibrosus (AF) and form a dense, fine nerve fibre network in the deep layer of the intervertebral portion of the PLL and the superficial layer of the AF. Nerve fibres and terminals cannot be found in the deep layer of the AF or the nucleus pulposus. In the central part of the deeper nerve network there are few nerve terminals whereas there are abundant free nerve endings in the peripheral zones. It is suggested that these abundant nerve fibres may be correlated with various functions characteristic of this region and that they may be important in the regulation of movement and posture in the vertebral column.
Overview of transient liquid phase and partial transient liquid phase bonding (2011)

Abstract Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding is a relatively new bonding process that joins materials using an interlayer. On heating, the interlayer melts and the interlayer element (or a constituent of an alloy interlayer) diffuses into the substrate materials, causing isothermal solidification. The result of this process is a bond that has a higher melting point than the bonding temperature. This bonding process has found many applications, most notably the joining and repair of Ni-based superalloy components. This article reviews important aspects of TLP bonding, such as kinetics of the process, experimental details (bonding time, interlayer thickness and format, and optimal bonding temperature), and advantages and disadvantages of the process. A wide range of materials that TLP bonding has been applied to is also presented. Partial transient liquid phase (PTLP) bonding is a variant of TLP bonding that is typically used to join ceramics. PTLP bonding requires an interlayer composed of multiple layers; the most common bond setup consists of a thick refractory core sandwiched by thin, lower-melting layers on each side. This article explains how the experimental details and bonding kinetics of PTLP bonding differ from TLP bonding. Also, a range of materials that have been joined by PTLP bonding is presented.
Transactivation of the adenovirus Ella promoter in the absence of adenovirus E1A protein is restricted to mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos (1989)

Undifferentiated mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are capable of transactivating the adenovirus EIIa promoter in the absence of its normal transactivator, E1A protein, suggesting that EC cells contain an E1A-like activity. In an effort to identify where this activity appears during normal mouse development, mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos were injected with plasmids containing the EIIa promoter coupled to various reporter genes. These expression vectors were fully active in human 293 cells where E1A is present, but were inactive in differentiated fibroblast cell lines unless cotransfected with the E1A gene. In mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos, EIIa promoter activity in the absence of adenovirus E1A protein was equivalent to or greater than activity of the HSV thymidine kinase promoter coupled to a strong enhancer. Coinjection of the E1A gene failed to stimulate EIIa activity further, perhaps because c-myc protein, which has been reported to transactivate this promoter, was already present at high levels in mouse oocytes. Activation of the EIIa promoter in the absence of E1A was unique to mouse oocytes and preimplantation embryos because gene expression from an EIIa promoter introduced into transgenic mice was observed only in the adult ovary, and particularly in the oocytes. In addition, post-implantation transgenic embryos failed to express the E1A-activatable reporter gene, thereby indicating that expression from the EIIa promoter is restricted to the relatively undifferentiated stages of oogenesis and preimplantation development. These data suggest that cellular promoters of the class that can be transactivated by E1A may serve uniquely to initiate transcription of genes that are needed for preimplantation development.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Overcrowded Alkenes by Transfer of Axial Single Bond Chirality to Axial Double Bond Chirality (1999)

Optically active overcrowded alkenes were synthesized by employing bis-beta-naphthol as a chiral template during an intramolecular coupling reaction. The major isomer 2 has a unique helical structure with twisted and folded structural moieties. Removal of the chiral template afforded overcrowded thioxanthylidene 3 with 96 % ee, which indicates that no racemization or isomerization of the enantiomers took place.
Surface modification of polytetrafluoroethylenefilm by Ar remote-plasma (2004)

Remote-plasma is a novel technique for cold plasma treatment recently in the word, which offers many advantages for modification of substrate. In this paper,the properties of etching and wettability for PTFE film treated by direct plasma and various Ar remote-plasma have been studied comparatively.The study shows that direct plasma treatment leads to etching instead of modification. And there is great improvement of PTFE film wettability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated new functional groups such as C—O—C,O—C=O and O—C—O have been introduced onto the PTFE film when treated FEFE film exposed to air for oxidation .
C/EBPβ and Its Binding Element Are Required for NFκB-induced COX2 Expression Following Hypertonic Stress (2005)

NFkappaB plays a critical role mediating COX2 expression in renal medullary interstitial cells (RMICs). The trans-activating ability of NFkappaB can be modified by another nuclear factor C/EBPbeta that can physically bind to NFkappaB and regulate its activity. Because the COX2 promoter also contains a C/EBPbeta site adjacent to the NFkappaB site, the present study examined whether these two transcription factors cooperate to induce COX2 expression following hypertonic stress. Hypertonicity markedly induced COX2 expression in cultured medullary interstitial cells by immunoblot analysis. The tonicity-induced COX2 expression was suppressed by mutant IkappaB (IkappaBm) that blocks NFkappaB activation, demonstrating that tonicity-induced COX2 expression depends on NFkappaB activation. However, mutation of the NFkappaB site in the COX2 promoter failed to abolish tonicity-induced COX2 reporter activity. IkappaB kinase-1 (IKK1) significantly induced COX2-luciferase activity by 2.3-fold (n = 10, p < 0.01); mutation of the NFkappaB site also failed to abolish IKK1-stimulated COX2 reporter activity (86 +/- 3.1% of wild type, p > 0.05, n = 4). Interestingly, mutation of the C/EBPbeta site of the COX2 gene significantly reduced both IKK1 and hypertonicity-induced COX2 reporter activity (p < 0.01). To further examine the potential role of C/EBPbeta in tonicity-induced COX2 expression, a dominant negative C/EBPbeta-p20 was transduced into RMICs. C/EBPbeta-p20 markedly suppressed hypertonic (550 mOsm) induction of COX2 (immunoblot) to a similar extent as IkappaBm. No additional suppression was observed when both NFkappaB and C/EBPbeta were simultaneously blocked by IkappaBm and C/EBPbeta-p20. Interestingly, IKK-induced COX2 expression was not only blocked by IkappaBm, but also completely abolished by C/EBPbeta-p20. Further studies demonstrated physical association of C/EBPbeta to NFkappaB p65 by coimmunoprecipitation. Importantly, this interaction between C/EBPbeta and NFkappaB was greatly enhanced following hypertonic stress. These studies indicate C/EBPbeta is required for the transcriptional activation of COX2 by NFkappaB, suggesting a dominant role for the C/EBPbeta pathway in regulating induction of RMIC COX2 by hypertonicity.
The Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection (1987)

The majority of HIV seropositive people feel entirely fit and well either all the time or most of the time. Any physical symptoms which a seropositive person experiences are most likely to be due to conditions entirely unrelated to HIV. After all, being infected with HIV does not make one immune to other diseases. Neither does HIV make one more prone to common infections such as colds or flu, so a cold which is slow to clear up should not be taken as a sign that the immune system is impaired.
Current Experimental Therapy for Alzheimers Disease (2007)

In the past decade, enormous efforts have been devoted to understand the genetics and molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been transferred into extensive experimental approaches aimed at reversing disease progression. The trend in future AD therapy has been shifted from traditional anti-acetylcholinesterase treatment to multiple mechanisms-based therapy targeting amyloid plaques formation and amyloid peptides (Abeta)-mediated cytotoxicity, and neurofibrillary tangles generation. This review will cover current experimental studies with the focus on secretases-based drug development, immunotherapy, and anti-neurofibrillary tangles intervention. The outcome of these on-going studies may provide high hope that AD can be cured in the future.
Dose-Dependent Effects of Tamoxifen on Long Bones in Growing Rats: Influence of Ovarian Status* (1991)

Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen which has been reported by various investigators to have estrogen agonist and antagonist effects on rat bone. These different interpretations may be due to differences in the ovarian status, estrogen levels, and/or tamoxifen levels of the rats. To address this issue, a dose response was determined for the effects of tamoxifen on bone histomorphometry in intact female and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The results were compared with those obtained after treatment of OVX rats with estrogen alone or a combination of estrogen and tamoxifen. OVX resulted in increases in growth rate (weight gain) and periosteal bone formation rate and decreases in uterine weight and cancellous bone fractional volume (BV/TV). Treatment of OVX rats with estrogen resulted in dose-dependent decreases in growth rate and periosteal bone formation rate as well as dose-dependent increases in uterine weight and BV/TV. Similarly, tamoxifen treatment resulted in dose-dependent decreases in overall growth rate and periosteal bone formation rate in both OVX and intact rats. Tamoxifen treatment prevented the decrease in BV/TV after OVX, although the highest dose of tamoxifen resulted in a small decrease in BV/TV in intact female rats. In contrast to estrogen, tamoxifen treatment prevented the increase in uterine weight in intact female rats as well as the decrease in uterine weight in OVX rats. Tamoxifen treatment did not alter the effects of 17 beta-estradiol on the periosteal bone formation rate in OVX rats, but reduced the increase in BV/TV to values similar to those in intact rats. These results are consistent with tamoxifen behaving as a partial estrogen agonist on rat bone.
A measurement-based approach for multilevel admission of heterogeneous traffic in wireless ad-hoc networks (2005)

General dynamics C4S has developed a QoS solution for the Army's warfighter information network tactical (WIN-T). This solution is also being applied to other QoS applications in tactical networks. When using an encryption device, any information exchange between the LAN where call admission control (CAC) decisions are made, and the WAN where traffic shaping is made is prevented by the encryptor. This solution was developed and tested using OPNET modeler. The core of this solution is a measurement based admission control (MBAC) type algorithm. This MBAC algorithm regulates the flow of heterogeneous traffic entering a tactical wireless ad-hoc network based on a computed end-to-end congestion level. Traffic can be of different types (voice, video and data) and have multiple levels of importance (survivability) and different real-time requirements. The algorithm prioritizes the admission of calls/sessions (at a source node) based on the QoS attributes of each class of service and the condition of the path to the destination node.
Survival time in severe hemorrhagic shock after perioperative hemodilution is longer with PEG-conjugated human serum albumin than with HES 130/0.4: a microvascular perspective (2008)

The ability of PEG-albumin to prolong maintenance of microvascular function better than HES is a finding that would be significant in a clinical setting involving preoperative blood management and extreme blood loss.