gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond polarization pulse shaping (2001)

We report computer-controlled femtosecond polarization pulse shaping where intensity, momentary frequency, and light polarization are varied as functions of time. For the first time to our knowledge, a pulse shaper is used to modulate the degree of ellipticity as well as the orientation of the elliptical principal axes within a single laser pulse by use of a 256-pixel two-layer liquid-crystal display inside a zero-dispersion compressor. Interferometric stability of the setup is not required. Complete pulse characterization is achieved by dual-channel spectral interferometry. This technology has a large range of applications, especially in the field of quantum control.
Linear viscoelastic behavior of aggregated colloidal dispersions (1997)

The viscoelastic behavior of a depletion-flocculated dispersion of colloidal spheres is investigated at different volume fractions of the spheres, using a controlled stress and a dynamic rheometer. Combining the results, we obtain the storage ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and loss ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ moduli over a frequency range of $0.02&lt;\ensuremath{\omega}&lt;200\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d}/\mathrm{s}.$ The measured ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ gradually increases with increasing frequency, while ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ almost remains constant, indicating a broad spectrum of relaxation times. To describe and explain the observed behavior of the moduli as a function of frequency and volume fraction in terms of microscopic parameters, a microrheological model based on the fractal concept is proposed. Comparing experimental results with model calculations, we find a good agreement between the two, with physically plausible parameter values.
Chk2 Is a Tumor Suppressor That Regulates Apoptosis in both an Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM)-Dependent and an ATM-Independent Manner (2002)

In response to ionizing radiation (IR), the tumor suppressor p53 is stabilized and promotes either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Chk2 activated by IR contributes to this stabilization, possibly by direct phosphorylation. Like p53, Chk2 is mutated in patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Since the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene is required for IR-induced activation of Chk2, it has been assumed that ATM and Chk2 act in a linear pathway leading to p53 activation. To clarify the role of Chk2 in tumorigenesis, we generated gene-targeted Chk2-deficient mice. Unlike ATM(-/-) and p53(-/-) mice, Chk2(-/-) mice do not spontaneously develop tumors, although Chk2 does suppress 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced skin tumors. Tissues from Chk2(-/-) mice, including those from the thymus, central nervous system, fibroblasts, epidermis, and hair follicles, show significant defects in IR-induced apoptosis or impaired G(1)/S arrest. Quantitative comparison of the G(1)/S checkpoint, apoptosis, and expression of p53 proteins in Chk2(-/-) versus ATM(-/-) thymocytes suggested that Chk2 can regulate p53-dependent apoptosis in an ATM-independent manner. IR-induced apoptosis was restored in Chk2(-/-) thymocytes by reintroduction of the wild-type Chk2 gene but not by a Chk2 gene in which the sites phosphorylated by ATM and ataxia telangiectasia and rad3(+) related (ATR) were mutated to alanine. ATR may thus selectively contribute to p53-mediated apoptosis. These data indicate that distinct pathways regulate the activation of p53 leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis.
Tau Oligomers as Potential Targets for Alzheimer’s Diagnosis and Novel Drugs (2013)

A cumulative number of approaches have been carried out to elucidate the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tangles formation has been identified as a major event involved in the neurodegenerative process, due to the conversion of either soluble peptides or oligomers into insoluble filaments. Most of recent studies share in common the observation that formation of tau oligomers and the subsequent pathological filaments arrays is a critical step in AD etiopathogenesis. Oligomeric tau species appear to be toxic for neuronal cells, and therefore appear as an appropriate target for the design of molecules that may control morphological and functional alterations leading to cognitive impairment. Thus, current therapeutic strategies are aimed at three major types of molecules: (1) inhibitors of protein kinases and phosphatases that modify tau and that may control neuronal degeneration, (2) methylene blue, and (3) natural phytocomplexes and polyphenolics compounds able to either inhibit the formation of tau filaments or disaggregate them. Only a few polyphenolic molecules have emerged to prevent tau aggregation. In this context, fulvic acid (FA), a humic substance, has potential protective activity cognitive impairment. In fact, formation of paired helical filaments in vitro, is inhibited by FA affecting the length of fibrils and their morphology.
Assessing the technical risk of a 4D seismic project (1997)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997Assessing the technical risk of a 4D seismic projectAuthors: David E. LumleyRonald A. BehrensZhijing WangDavid E. LumleyChevron Petroleum Technology Co., Ronald A. BehrensChevron Petroleum Technology Co., and Zhijing WangChevron Petroleum Technology Co.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1886160 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1886160FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byTime-Lapse Seismic Difference-and-Joint Prestack AVA InversionIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 59, No. 11Compressive time-lapse seismic monitoring of carbon storage and sequestration with the joint recovery modelZiyi Yin, Mathias Louboutin, and Felix J. Herrmann1 September 2021Dynamic Characterization of Reservoirs Constrained by Time-Lapse Prestack Seismic InversionIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 59, No. 7Elastic properties of a reservoir sandstone: a broadband inter‐laboratory benchmarking exercise21 November 2020 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 69, No. 2Ways to Justify 4D Seismic Exploration22 October 2019Integration of reservoir simulation, history matching, and 4D seismic for CO2-EOR and storage at Cranfield, Mississippi, USAFuel, Vol. 175Time-Lapse Seismic Feasibility Modelling and AVO Sensitivity Analysis for Quantification of Pressure-Saturation Effects in Fields Located in Malaysian Basins22 March 2016Multicomponent seismic time‐lapse cross‐plot and its applicationsAlireza Shahin, Paul L. Stoffa, Robert H. Tatham, and Diana Sava14 October 2009Feasibility study using simulation model for offshore field SZ36-1Applied Geophysics, Vol. 3, No. 2Using influence diagrams to analyze decisions in 4‐D seismic reservoir monitoringDebarun Bhattacharjya and Tapan Mukerji7 December 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997 ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645 Copyright: 1997 Pages: 2067 publication data© 1997 Copyright © 1997 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION David E. Lumley, Ronald A. Behrens, and Zhijing Wang, (1997), "Assessing the technical risk of a 4D seismic project," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 894-897. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1886160 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Involvement of Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of Yeast Nap1 in Mitotic Progression (2003)

Nucleosome assembly protein 1 (Nap1) is widely conserved from yeasts to humans and facilitates nucleosome formation in vitro as a histone chaperone. Nap1 is generally localized in the cytoplasm, except that subcellular localization of Drosophila melanogaster Nap1 is dynamically regulated between the cytoplasm and nucleus during early development. The cytoplasmic localization of Nap1 is seemingly incompatible with the proposed role of Nap1 in nucleosome formation, which should occur in the nucleus. Here, we have examined the roles of a putative nuclear export signal (NES) sequence in yeast Nap1 (yNap1). yNap1 mutants lacking the NES-like sequence were localized predominantly in the nucleus. Deletion of NAP1 in cells harboring a single mitotic cyclin gene is known to cause mitotic delay and temperature-sensitive growth. A wild-type NAP1 complemented these phenotypes while nap1 mutant genes lacking the NES-like sequence or carboxy-terminal region did not. These and other results suggest that yNap1 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein and that its shuttling is important for yNap1 function during mitotic progression. This study also provides a possible explanation for Nap1's involvement in nucleosome assembly and/or remodeling in the nucleus.
Optimal power distribution in robust, passive, fiber optic local communication networks with circulant topologies (1991)

The power distribution of circulant topologies for passive fiber optic local communication networks (FOLCN) in the shot-noise limited case is analyzed. This class of topologies is chosen for its symmetries in both logical structure and power distribution, as well as for its mathematical tractability. Analysis according to a mathematical model for power distribution allows comparison of various circulant topologies, where circulance refers to a particular topological symmetry, and demonstrates that a high degree of connectivity aids even distribution of power. Appropriate topological design yields a network that can support thousands of users within a 50-dB loss budget, when low loss components are used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inhibition of Carotenoid Biosynthesis by Herbicides (2020)

Herbicides which affect the chloroplast can interfere with functional processes, initiate degradation of chloroplast constituents, or inhibit the biosynthesis of essential components of the photosynthetic apparatus. Inhibitors which interfere with the formation of prenyl pyrophosphates more or less affect all branches of the terpenoid pathway. The most prominent and important target is the desaturation of phytoene. this reaction is inhibited by a great number of chemically unrelated compounds. The early papers on the mode of action of N-phenylpyridazinones have already pointed out that a decrease of carotenoids and chlorophylls, with a concurrent accumulation of phytoene, is a common feature of this type of chlorosis-inducing herbicides. The herbicidal effect of difunon in whole cells is very similar to the action of phenylpyridazinones: accumulation of phytoene, decrease of colored carotenoids, and destruction of chlorophyll is observed. The only specific inhibitors of lycopene cyclase which are available are substituted triethylamines.
Catch-up growth in childhood and death from coronary heart disease: longitudinal study (1999)

The highest death rates from coronary heart disease occurred in boys who were thin at birth but whose weight caught up so that they had an average or above average body mass from the age of 7 years. Death from coronary heart disease may be a consequence of poor prenatal nutrition followed by improved postnatal nutrition.
Free Triiodothyronine Has a Distinct Circadian Rhythm That Is Delayed but Parallels Thyrotropin Levels (2008)

FT3 shows a circadian rhythm with a periodicity that lags behind TSH, suggesting that the periodic rhythm of FT3 is due to the proportion of T(3) derived from the thyroid. Optimizing thyroid hormone replacement may need to take these rhythms into account.
Mechanical-thermal noise in micromachined acoustic and vibration sensors (1993)

The small moving parts in acoustic and vibration microsensors are especially susceptible to mechanical noise resulting from molecular agitation. For sensors designed for small-signal applications, this mechanical-thermal noise is often one of the limiting noise components. Several techniques for calculating the mechanical-thermal noise in acoustic and vibration sensors in general, and in micromachined sensors in particular, are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Alzheimer β-amyloid peptides: Structures of amyloid fibrils and alternate aggregation products (2001)

The amyloidoses are a heterogeneous group of diseases, which are characterized by the local or systemic deposition of amyloid. At the root of these diseases are changes in protein conformation where normal innocuous proteins transform into insoluble amyloid fibrils and deposit in tissues. The amyloid fibrils of Alzheimer's disease are composed of the Abeta peptide and deposit in the form of senile plaques. Neurodegeneration surrounds the amyloid deposits, indicating that neurotoxic substances are produced during the deposition process. Whether the neurotoxic species is the amyloid fibril or a fibril precursor is a current area of active research. This review focuses on advancements made in elucidating the molecular structures of the Abeta amyloid fibril and alternate aggregation products of the Abeta peptide formed during fibrillogenesis.
Termination of DNA synthesis by N6 -alkylated, not 3′- O -alkylated, photocleavable 2′-deoxyadenosine triphosphates (2007)

The Human Genome Project has facilitated the sequencing of many species, yet the current Sanger method is too expensive, labor intensive and time consuming to accomplish medical resequencing of human genomes en masse. Of the 'next-generation' technologies, cyclic reversible termination (CRT) is a promising method with the goal of producing accurate sequence information at a fraction of the cost and effort. The foundation of this approach is the reversible terminator (RT), its chemical and biological properties of which directly impact the performance of the sequencing technology. Here, we have discovered a novel paradigm in RT chemistry, the attachment of a photocleavable, 2-nitrobenzyl group to the N(6)-position of 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP), which, upon incorporation, terminates DNA synthesis. The 3'-OH group of the N(6)-(2-nitrobenzyl)-dATP remains unblocked, providing favorable incorporation and termination properties for several commercially available DNA polymerases while maintaining good discrimination against mismatch incorporations. Upon removal of the 2-nitrobenzyl group with UV light, the natural nucleotide is restored without molecular scarring. A five-base experiment, illustrating the exquisite, stepwise addition through a homopolymer repeat, demonstrates the applicability of the N(6)-(2-nitrobenzyl)-dATP as an ideal RT for CRT sequencing.
TALENs Mediate Efficient and Heritable Mutation of Endogenous Genes in the Marine Annelid Platynereis dumerilii (2014)

Platynereis dumerilii is a marine polychaete and an established model system for studies of evolution and development. Platynereis is also a re-emerging model for studying the molecular basis of circalunar reproductive timing: a biological phenomenon observed in many marine species. While gene expression studies have provided new insight into patterns of gene regulation, a lack of reverse genetic tools has so far limited the depth of functional analyses in this species. To address this need, we established customized transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) as a tool to engineer targeted modifications in Platynereis genes. By adapting a workflow of TALEN construction protocols and mutation screening approaches for use in Platynereis, we engineered frameshift mutations in three endogenous Platynereis genes. We confirmed that such mutations are heritable, demonstrating that TALENs can be used to generate homozygous knockout lines in P. dumerilii. This is the first use of TALENs for generating genetic knockout mutations in an annelid model. These tools not only open the door for detailed in vivo functional analyses, but also can facilitate further technical development, such as targeted genome editing.
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF ANTI-OESTROGENS WITH REGARD TO INTERACTION WITH 17β-OESTRADIOL IN THE MOUSE UTERUS AND VAGINA (1971)

ABSTRACT Anti-oestrogenic substances have been studied systematically in order to get some guides about structure - activity relationships. The substances were tested in the mouse a) for uterotrophic and anti-uterotrophic activities and b) for their capacity to inhibit the uptake of 17β-oestradiol by the uterus and vagina in vitro . A few such in vitro experiments were also carried out in the rat. Only MER-25 was completely devoid of any oestrogenic activity and was able to suppress oestrogenic stimulation completely. U-11,100A and CN-55,945 were partial agonists producing less than total oestrogen antagonism. MRL-37, DMS, meso -butoestrol, oestriol and ent -17β-oestradiol were impeded oestrogens, i. e., produced dose-response curves with shallow slopes. These compounds, except oestriol which was inactive, were weakly anti-uterotrophic. Cis - and trans -clomiphene, ICI-47,699 and ICI-46,474 which are also cis/trans isomers, WSM-4613 and U-11,555A showed no sign of anti-oestrogenic activity. All the tested substances suppressed the binding of 17β-oestradiol to the mouse uterus and vagina. The impeded oestrogens were generally very potent. However, their inhibitory action was of short duration since they were easily washed out. The remaining compounds (dialkylamino-alkyl-ether derivatives) were generally very firmly bound to the target tissues, the binding being even firmer than that of the oestrogens 17β-oestradiol or meso -hexoestrol. Possible mechanisms of actions of the two kinds of anti-oestrogens are presented. A model explaining the impeded uterotrophic response is also given.
Tenidap in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (1996)

The present double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of tenidap in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with flare of active RA following NSAID withdrawal were randomized to receive either placebo (n = 67) or tenidap (n = 131; 40-200 mg/day). The mean changes from baseline in efficacy and biochemical variables were compared between treatment groups at endpoint (4 weeks). The improvements in four of the five primary efficacy variables were significantly greater in the tenidap group compared with the placebo group (p < 0.01). Tenidap was also associated with an 18% reduction in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a marked, 51%, reduction in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, both of which were significantly greater than the changes in the placebo group (p < 0.05). The percentage of patients who discontinued because of side effects was the same in both groups (3%). In conclusion, tenidap 40-200 mg/day was effective and well tolerated in the treatment of patients with RA for 4 weeks.
Dermatan Sulfate Released after Injury Is a Potent Promoter of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Function (1998)

Proteoglycans have been shown in vitro to bind multiple components of the cellular microenvironment that function during wound healing. To study the composition and function of these molecules when derived from an in vivo source, soluble proteoglycans released into human wound fluid were characterized and evaluated for influence on fibroblast growth factor-2 activity. Immunoblot analysis of wound fluid revealed the presence of syndecan-1, syndecan-4, glypican, decorin, perlecan, and versican. Sulfated glycosaminoglycan concentrations ranged from 15 to 65 microgram/ml, and treatment with chondroitinase B showed that a large proportion of the glycosaminoglycan was dermatan sulfate. The total glycosaminoglycan mixture present in wound fluid supported the ability of fibroblast growth factor-2 to signal cell proliferation. Dermatan sulfate, and not heparan sulfate, was the major contributor to this activity, and dermatan sulfate bound FGF-2 with Kd = 2.48 microM. These data demonstrate that proteoglycans released during wound repair are functionally active and provide the first evidence that dermatan sulfate is a potent mediator of fibroblast growth factor-2 responsiveness.
Distinct Tissue Formation by Heterogeneous Printing of Osteo- and Endothelial Progenitor Cells (2011)

The organ- or tissue-printing approach, based on layered deposition of cell-laden hydrogels, is a new technique in regenerative medicine suitable to investigate whether mimicking the anatomical organization of cells, matrix, and bioactive molecules is necessary for obtaining or improving functional engineered tissues. Currently, data on performance of multicellular printed constructs in vivo are limited. In this study we illustrate the ability of the system to print intricate porous constructs containing two different cell types--endothelial progenitors and multipotent stromal cells--and show that these grafts retain heterogeneous cell organization after subcutaneous implantation in immunodeficient mice. We demonstrate that cell differentiation leading to the expected tissue formation occurs at the site of the deposited progenitor cell type. While perfused blood vessels are formed in the endothelial progenitor cell-laden part of the constructs, bone formation is taking place in the multipotent stromal cell-laden part of the printed grafts.
Characterization of Fibronectin on Human Spermatozoa (1984)

Ejaculated human spermatozoa were shown to have fibronectin polypeptides on their surface. Immunofluorescence studies revealed fibronectin as a belt-like fluorescent band on the post-acrosomal area of sperm heads, whereas none was found in sperm tails. The location of the fluorescent band corresponded to the equatorial segment of the spermatozoon. Fibronectin polypeptides were heterogeneous with Mr ranging from 35000 to 210000, as revealed by immunoblotting and by immunoprecipitation of detergent extracts from surface-radioiodinated spermatozoa.
Inhibitory Effects of Evodiamine on in Vitro Invasion and Experimental Lung Metastasis of Murine Colon Cancer Cells. (2001)

We have previously reported that evodiamine had a marked inhibitory activity on tumor cell migration in vitro. To extend our study, the effects of evodiamine on invasion, growth, and metastatic development of colon 26-L5 cells were examined here. Evodiamine inhibited the invasion of tumor cells into Matrigel in a concentration-dependent manner, and achieved 70% inhibition at 10 microg/ml. Treatment of tumor cells with evodiamine for 24 h showed little effect on tumor growth at concentrations of less than 10 microg/ml, whereas an over 48-h treatment resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition. Pretreatment of tumor cells with 10 microg/ml evodiamine before inoculation into mice caused 70% reduction in their lung metastasis formation. When evodiamine at 10 mg/kg was administered into mice from the 6th day after tumor inoculation, the number of tumor nodules in lungs was decreased by 48% as compared to control. The inhibition rate was equivalent to that produced by cisplatin, a potent anti-cancer drug. Evodiamine did not affect the body weight of mice in the experimental period, whereas cisplatin caused serious weight loss. These results suggest that evodiamine may be regarded as a promising agent in tumor metastasis therapy.
Properties of Silk Fibroin/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Blend Solutions and Peculiar Structure Found in Heterogeneous Blend Films* (1997)

The gelation of aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution was accelerated by addition of a small amount of silk fibroin (SF). The peculiar structure found in heterogeneous SF/PVA blend films was analysed by polarizing microcopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The blend films (over 30μm thick) of SF/PVA (90/10 to 60/40 weight ratio) separated macroscopically into two phases: SF-rich and PVA-rich. SF-rich phases had many spherical particles (1–25μm). In the PVA-rich phases, a fabric-like plain weave structure was found microscopically under a dark field. The SF-rich and PVA-rich phases were analysed by DSC, IR and SEM. The phase separation is also discussed. © of SCI.