gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Tissue Development in 3D PET Matrices (2004)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are attractive cell sources for engineered tissue constructs with broad therapeutic potential. Three-dimensional (3D) hMSC tissue development in nonwoven poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibrous matrices was investigated. HMSCs were seeded onto 3D PET scaffolds and were cultured for over 1 month. Their proliferation rates were affected by seeding density but remained much lower than those of 2D controls. Compared to 2D surfaces, hMSCs grown in 3D scaffolds secreted and embedded themselves in an extensive ECM network composed of collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, and laminin. HMSCs were influenced by the orientation of adjacent PET fibers to organize the ECM proteins into highly aligned fibrils. We observed the increased expressions of alpha(2)beta(1) integrin but a slight decrease in the expression of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin in 3D compared to 2D culture and found that alpha(V)beta(3) was expressed only in 2D. Paxillin expression was down-regulated in 3D culture with a concomitant change in its localization patterns. We demonstrated the multi-lineage potentials of the 3D tissue constructs by differentiating the cells grown in the scaffolds into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Taken together, these results showed that hMSCs grown in 3D scaffolds display tissue development patterns distinct from their 2D counterparts and provide important clues for designing 3D scaffolds for developing tissue engineered constructs.
Mutated Fanconi anemia pathway in non-Fanconi anemia cancers (2015)

An extremely high cancer incidence and the hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents associated with Fanconi Anemia (FA) have marked it to be a unique genetic model system to study human cancer etiology and treatment, which has emerged an intense area of investigation in cancer research. However, there is limited information about the relationship between the mutated FA pathway and the cancer development or/and treatment in patients without FA. Here we analyzed the mutation rates of the seventeen FA genes in 68 DNA sequence datasets. We found that the FA pathway is frequently mutated across a variety of human cancers, with a rate mostly in the range of 15 to 35 % in human lung, brain, bladder, ovarian, breast cancers, or others. Furthermore, we found a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the mutated FA pathway and the development of human bladder cancer that we only further analyzed. Together, our study demonstrates a previously unknown fact that the mutated FA pathway frequently occurs during the development of non-FA human cancers, holding profound implications directly in advancing our understanding of human tumorigenesis as well as tumor sensitivity/resistance to crosslinking drug-relevant chemotherapy.
virtio (2008)

The Linux Kernel currently supports at least 8 distinct virtualization systems: Xen, KVM, VMware's VMI, IBM's System p, IBM's System z, User Mode Linux, lguest and IBM's legacy iSeries. It seems likely that more such systems will appear, and until recently each of these had its own block, network, console and other drivers with varying features and optimizations. The attempt to address this is virtio: a series of efficient, well-maintained Linux drivers which can be adapted for various different hypervisor implementations using a shim layer. This includes a simple extensible feature mechanism for each driver. We also provide an obvious ring buffer transport implementation called vring, which is currently used by KVM and lguest. This has the subtle effect of providing a path of least resistance for any new hypervisors: supporting this efficient transport mechanism will immediately reduce the amount of work which needs to be done. Finally, we provide an implementation which presents the vring transport and device configuration as a PCI device: this means guest operating systems merely need a new PCI driver, and hypervisors need only add vring support to the virtual devices they implement (currently only KVM does this). This paper will describe the virtio API layer as implemented in Linux, then the vring implementation, and finally its embodiment in a PCI device for simple adoption on otherwise fully-virtualized guests. We'll wrap up with some of the preliminary work to integrate this I/O mechanism deeper into the Linux host kernel.
Gas Flow Method for Detecting Local Preform Defects by Inverse Estimation of Space-Varying Permeability (2003)

A method using gas flow is proposed for testing the quality of fibrous preforms in the resin transfer molding process. The method is based on the idea that preform defects cause variation in permeability and deviation from Darcy's law. This paper presents a gradient-based inverse method that estimate space-varying permeability by examining the consistency between computed and measured pressures at various locations in the mold during steady-state gas flow through the enclosed preform. Such consistency is achieved by the conjugate gradient method. The computed pressures are obtained by the control volume finite element method (CVFEM). The proposed method was demonstrated by using a specially designed mold with multiple ports for gas injection and pressure measurement, and testing for various cases with and without defects.
Pigment of the imagination: a history of phytochrome research (1992)

Daylength and flowering the 1930s spectral studies action spectra for floral induction action spectra for elongation growth photoreversibility the 1950s high-energy responses detection partial purification the properties of phytochrome phototransformation in vivo spectrophotometric studies seed germination and flowering photoperiodic timing mougeotia ode of action the Hartmann model large phytochrome the gene regulation hypothesis dark transformations localization properties of large phytochrome the membrane hypothesis high-irradiance responses the very low fluence response - a dimer model shade avoidance the chromophore native phytochrome native pr and pfr sequestered and ubiquitinated phytochrome multiple phytochromes gene regulation autoregulation phytochrome and flowering. Epiloque: weed control coloured mulch.
High extinction ratio of injection-locked 1.55-/spl mu/m VCSELs (2005)

We report injection-locked vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers simultaneously achieving high extinction ratios of 20 dB, enhanced resonance frequency >30 GHz, and radio-frequency signal amplification of >10 dB, for the first time.
"Living" radical polymerization. 1. Possibilities and limitations (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT"Living" radical polymerization. 1. Possibilities and limitationsDorota Greszta, Daniela Mardare, and Krzysztof MatyjaszewskiCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 3, 638–644Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00081a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00081a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1783Altmetric-Citations232LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of semivioxanthin via a polyketide (1990)

M. Yamaguchi, T. Okuma, S. Nakamura and T. Minami, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1990, 183 DOI: 10.1039/P19900000183
A 70 dBohm 2.3 GHz low noise transimpedance amplifier (2013)

A low-noise transimpedance amplifier (TIA) for 2.5 Gb/s family is presented using 0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. It would be used in radiation detectors to transform the current pulse produced by a photo-sensitive device into an output voltage pulse with a specified amplitude and shape. In this paper the mathematical analysis of the proposed TIA is presented together with a detailed analytical noise optimization. For the gain boosting, Cherry-Hooper amplifier is introduced for the second stage amplification. Also a method for eliminating the DC current of the input photodiodes (PD) is proposed. The chip measured results show the TIA achieves a constant gain of 70 dBΩ from 125 kHz to 2.3 GHz when connected to a 0.85 pF load, average input referred noise of 2.13 pA/√Hz up to 0.8 GHz, 18 mA supply current at +3.3 V including the output buffer. The die size is 30mil×50mil.
Stretched exponential relaxation and ac universality in disordered dielectrics (2007)

This paper is concerned with the connection between the properties of dielectric relaxation and alternating-current (ac) conduction in disordered dielectrics. The discussion is divided between the classical linear-response theory and a self-consistent dynamical modeling. The key issues are stretched exponential character of dielectric relaxation, power-law power spectral density, and anomalous dependence of ac conduction coefficient on frequency. We propose a self-consistent model of dielectric relaxation in which the relaxations are described by a stretched exponential decay function. Mathematically, our study refers to the expanding area of fractional calculus and we propose a systematic derivation of the fractional relaxation and fractional diffusion equations from the property of ac universality.
Radiation properties of a planar antenna on a photonic-crystal substrate (1993)

The photonic crystal is investigated as a substrate material for planar antennas in the microwave and millimeter-wave bands. Experimental results are presented for a bow-tie antenna on a (111)-oriented face-centered-cubic photonic-crystal substrate with a band gap between approximately 13 and 16 GHz. When driven at 13.2 GHz, the antenna radiates predominantly into the air rather than into the substrate. This suggests that highly efficient planar antennas can be made on photonic-crystal regions fabricated in semiconductor substrates such as GaAs.
Vacuum-assisted closure used for healing chronic wounds and skin grafts in the lower extremities. (2004)

Over the past several years, vacuum-assisted closure has been used as an adjunctive treatment in the management of many chronic and acute wounds. A chart review of chronic wounds in the authors' wound care practice was conducted to ascertain and document the effect of vacuum-assisted closure on the healing of chronic wounds. Over a 30-month period, 70 patients with chronic, nonhealing wounds were treated with vacuum-assisted closure. Of those, 50 had vacuum-assisted closure treatment following skin graft procedures. Using vacuum-assisted closure in addition to a protocol of general supportive and local wound care resulted in a high rate of closure during an average of 48 days. All (100%) of the skin grafts healed. These clinical results suggest that vacuum-assisted closure can be a useful adjunctive treatment in the management of open and grafted wounds and that additional research and documentation are warranted.
The Impact of Restrictive Entry Criterion During the Placebo Lead‐in Period (2000)

In the study of depression, most randomized clinical trials have design features that attempt to sample from a stable patient population. One commonly used design feature is to require patients to maintain some minimum baseline symptom severity score during a placebo lead-in period. One intent of this design feature is to evaluate the behavior of patients prior to administration of active medication. If, during the lead-in period, patients do not maintain minimum symptom severity, the patients are excluded from the remainder of the study, the theory being that the excluded patients are not part of a stable patient population and hence are not likely to demonstrate efficacy of a truly effective treatment. This presentation investigates the effectiveness of a restrictive entry criterion and proposes an alternative explanation for what is usually defined as placebo response.
Hla–drb1 alleles in polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, and rheumatoid arthritis (1994)

The distribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles in PMR resembles that found in GCA. PMR and GCA share the associated sequence polymorphism encoded by the second hypervariable region (HVR) of the HLA-DRB1 gene. The HLA-DRB1 association of PMR and GCA can be distinguished from that of RA, which is linked to a sequence motif in the third HVR of DRB1 alleles. The differential role of distinct domains on HLA-DR molecules suggests that multiple biologic functions are regulated by these molecules and that they contribute differently to disease mechanisms. The similarities in the distribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles in PMR and GCA indicates that HLA-DRB1 alleles are not predictive for progression of PMR to the vasculitic lesions that are pathognomonic for GCA.
Chromosome 5 aberrations and genetic predisposition to lung cancer (1998)

In this study, we aimed to confirm the finding that chromosome 5 aberrations are predisposing factors for lung cancer. The study population consisted of 118 previously untreated lung cancer patients and 101 healthy controls. Lymphocytes were treated with bleomycin for 5 hr and then allowed to recover in a drug-free medium for 48 hr. The mean number of cells with chromosome 5 abnormalities among 100 cells examined was significantly higher in patients (9.12) than in controls (4.69) (p < 0.001). The most frequent aberration was a 5q deletion and the breakpoints clustered at the 5q13-5q31 region. We then dichotomized the number of induced chromosome 5 abnormalities in peripheral blood lymphocytes by the 75th percentile in that of the controls. 103 (87.3%), of the 118 patients, but only 31 (30.7%) of the 101 controls, exhibited induced breaks above this point. After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity and smoking status, we found that the sensitive group was at 14.4-fold increased risk for lung cancer. There was also a significant (p < 0.01) gradient of increased risk for lung cancer with an increasing number of chromosome 5 lesions. Therefore, chromosome 5 lesions, especially those at 5q, may be a molecular target of carcinogens in the development of lung cancer.
Concentration dependence of the longest relaxation times of dilute and semi-dilute polymer solutions (2009)

The longest relaxation times of polymer solutions of semi-flexible T4 DNA and flexible 18 M molar mass polyacrylamide (PAAm) in dilute and semi-dilute concentration range are studied by the polymer extension relaxation of stretched single DNA molecules and by the stress relaxation of PAAm solutions measurements. For both polymer solutions, the longest relaxation time normalized by the value at infinite dilution with the same solvent viscosity τ/τ0 increases with increasing concentration. In the dilute regime, the longest relaxation time increases just slightly with increasing concentration as τ/τ0=[1+cA−2(cA)1.5+2(cA)2] as well as the empirical relation of τ/τ0=exp(cA) up to c∼3c∗ with A≈0.5[η], where c∗ is the overlap concentration, in accord with the theory and previous experiments. For the semi-dilute solutions, the scaling of τ/τ0 with concentration shows two different exponents in two concentration regions, corresponding to the unentangled and entangled regimes. The exponents are consistent with those expected by the theory of dynamical scaling for semi-dilute polymer solutions. The crossover concentration from the unentangled to entangled regime ce is found to be ∼9c∗ in a good solvent, in accord with other experiments based on the relaxation of a single molecule, the diffusion coefficient, and the solution viscosity measurements. We also test the universality of the concentration dependence of the longest relaxation time for both flexible and semi-flexible polymers in both good and Θ solvents in the dilute and semi-dilute regimes by analyzing literature data sets.
Overview of Wavelet Scalable Video Coding Technology (2008)

In this paper, the approaches to wavelet-based scalable image and video coding are respectively analyzed and com- mented on. And then, several hot problems and their development in the future are discusses.
Phase-Field Models for Microstructure Evolution (2002)

▪ Abstract The phase-field method has recently emerged as a powerful computational approach to modeling and predicting mesoscale morphological and microstructure evolution in materials. It describes a microstructure using a set of conserved and nonconserved field variables that are continuous across the interfacial regions. The temporal and spatial evolution of the field variables is governed by the Cahn-Hilliard nonlinear diffusion equation and the Allen-Cahn relaxation equation. With the fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic information as the input, the phase-field method is able to predict the evolution of arbitrary morphologies and complex microstructures without explicitly tracking the positions of interfaces. This paper briefly reviews the recent advances in developing phase-field models for various materials processes including solidification, solid-state structural phase transformations, grain growth and coarsening, domain evolution in thin films, pattern formation on surfaces, dislocation microstructures, crack propagation, and electromigration.
Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Aryl Fluorides and Chlorides with Grignard Reagents under Nickel/Magnesium Bimetallic Cooperation (2005)

Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of Grignard reagents with aryl (poly)fluorides or (poly)chlorides can be achieved efficiently in the presence of a new triarylphosphine ligand bearing a nearby hydroxy group. The high reactivity and the unique chemoselectivity (ArF > ArOTf > ArSR) of the catalysis have been attributed to synergy of nickel and magnesium atoms preorganized on the ligand, as has been surmised on the basis of theoretical modeling of the reaction mechanism.
Kinetic and hydrodynamic analysis of blood clotting factor V-membrane binding (1982)

The kinetics and hydrodynamic properties of factor V-membrane interaction were characterized. Factor V bound to membranes containing acidic phospholipids with a high collisional efficiency. For membranes of 20% phosphatidyl-serine-80% phosphatidylcholine, an association rate constant of (1.13 +/- 0.10) X 10(8) M-1 s-1 was obtained. These membranes contained about 20 factor V binding sites per vesicle of 3.6 X 10(6) daltons. This association rate represented about a 30% collisional efficiency. Dissociation of factor V was measured by a fluorescence energy transfer method with a dissociation rate constant of 0.0055 s-1 at 10 degrees C. The equilibrium dissociation constant for binding to these membranes at 10 degrees C and 0.14 M ionic strength was 5 X 10(-11) M. Ionic strength, pH, calcium, and charge density in the membrane had large effects on the rate of factor V-membrane dissociation, indicating a strongly ionic interaction between protein and membrane. In contrast, the association rate was nearly insensitive to ionic strength. The membrane-binding properties were relatively unchanged after thrombin digestion of factor V or after long-term protein storage which resulted in loss of procoagulant activity. Other proteins of the prothrombinase reaction greatly decreased the rate of factor Va-membrane dissociation. At protein saturation, factor V increased the hydrodynamic radius of phospholipid vesicles by 11.4 nm. In contrast, factor Va increased the hydrodynamic vesicle radius by only about 5 nm. The mass of membrane-bound protein was comparable for both proteins.
Superconductivity near 90 K in the Lu-Ba-Cu-O system (1987)

Superconducting onsets near 90 K are observed in multiphase samples with nominal composition ${\mathrm{Lu}}_{1.8}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{0.2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$. Results of electrical resistance, mutual inductance, and dc magnetization measurements are reported. Magnitude of superconducting transitions indicates that about 2% of the best sample is superconducting.
Toluene-4-monooxygenase, a three-component enzyme system that catalyzes the oxidation of toluene to p-cresol in Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 (1991)

Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 grows on toluene as a sole carbon and energy source. A multicomponent oxygenase was partially purified from toluene-grown cells and separated into three protein components. The reconstituted enzyme system, in the presence of NADH and Fe2+, oxidized toluene to p-cresol as the first detectable product. Experiments with p-deutero-toluene led to the isolation of p-cresol which retained 68% of the deuterium initially present in the parent molecule. When the reconstituted enzyme system was incubated with toluene in the presence of 18O2, the oxygen in p-cresol was shown to be derived from molecular oxygen. The results demonstrate that P. mendocina KR1 initiates degradation of toluene by a multicomponent enzyme system which has been designated toluene-4-monooxygenase.
Animated Transitions in Statistical Data Graphics (2007)

In this paper we investigate the effectiveness of animated transitions between common statistical data graphics such as bar charts, pie charts, and scatter plots. We extend theoretical models of data graphics to include such transitions, introducing a taxonomy of transition types. We then propose design principles for creating effective transitions and illustrate the application of these principles in DynaVis, a visualization system featuring animated data graphics. Two controlled experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of various transition types, finding that animated transitions can significantly improve graphical perception.
Automatically Selecting a Close Mirror Based on Network Topology (1998)

The content of many popular ftp and web sites on the Internet are replicated at other sites, called ‘‘mirrors’’; typically, to decrease the network load at the original site, to make information available closer to its users for higher availability; and to decrease the bandwidth requirements these sites place on long-haul network connections, such as international and backbone links. Even though the success of mirroring depends heavily on the selection of a good mirror, there are very few methods to pick a good mirror: i.e., a mirror ‘‘close’ ’ to its user based on network topology. This paper describes a method and two tools developed to locate a ‘‘close’ ’ mirror among replicated copies of a network service such as ftp, www, irc, streaming audio by utilizing network topology information based on autonomous systems. Routing information from the Internet Routing Registry is combined with information about the location of mirrors to generate mirroring tables, similar to routing tables, which are used to identify a ‘‘close’ ’ mirror, where ‘‘close’ ’ is defined as traversing the minimum number of autonomous systems.