gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dexmedetomidine Decreases Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in Humans (1993)

This study was designed to determine the effects of dexmedetomidine on CBF velocity as measured by transcranial Doppler sonography in human volunteers. Dexmedetomidine, a potent alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, was administered by computer-driven infusion pump to six male volunteers. Serial measurements of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity at four steady-state plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine were made with a 2-MHz transcranial Doppler transducer via the temporal window. The targeted plasma concentrations were 0.49, 0.65, 0.81, and 0.97 ng/ml. These represent 60, 80, 100, and 120%, respectively, of the mean peak concentration following the intramuscular administration of 2 micrograms/kg of dexmedetomidine. Subjects experienced a significant degree of sedation at the highest infusion rates. Mean CBF velocity decreased with each increase in plasma concentration of dexmedetomidine and then began to return to basal levels after termination of the infusion. A trend toward an increase in the pulsatility index at the higher levels of dexmedetomidine suggests that the observed decrement in CBF velocity was due to an increase in cerebral vascular resistance. Upon initiation of the drug infusion, mean arterial pressure decreased from approximately 95 mm Hg to 78 mm Hg. There were no further decreases in arterial pressure with subsequent increases in plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine. Arterial carbon dioxide tension increased to a maximum of 45 mm Hg during the drug infusion, but this increase from baseline was not statistically significant. These studies are in agreement with previous animal studies which demonstrate a decrease in CBF after administration of dexmedetomidine.
[Antitumor effect of methylene blue in vivo]. (1989)

Methylene blue can inhibit the growth of Ehrlich ascitic tumor, L1210 leukemia and P388 leukemia in mice. The average life span of the treated animals was obviously longer than that of the controls. Methylene blue was superior to 5-Fu in the treatment of L1210 leukemia of mice and two thirds of the mice with P388 leukemia were healthy and survived for more than 60 days after administrated different doses of methylene blue. When adriamycin was given simultaneously with methylene blue to mice, the acute toxic effect of adriamycin was decreased and the survival time prolonged. Methylene blue is a highly ionized and a rapidly eliminated drug which can combine well with tissues at higher concentration maintained for several hours and can easily pass through the blood-brain barrier.
ChemInform Abstract: PROTEIN‐BINDING POLYHEDRAL BORANES. 3 (1977)

Abstract Aus dem Nitro‐toluidin (I) wird nach bekannten Verfahren das acylierte Diamin (II) hergestellt und in das geschützte Gluconamid (IIIa) übergeführt.
SNA network management directions (1988)

Network management is the process of monitoring and controlling the components of a communication-oriented network of information systems in the areas of configuration management, operational control, problem management, change management, and performance and accounting management. This paper discusses the evolution of the SNA network management architecture and products that implement that architecture, and describes their likely future direction.
Mapping the HLA-A24-restricted T-cell epitope peptide from a tumour-associated antigen HER2 / neu: possible immunotherapy for colorectal carcinomas (2001)

HER2 / neu is a potential antigen candidate for immunotherapy because of its correlation to a poor prognosis and high expressions in many kinds of epithelial tumours. Especially in the colorectal carcinomas, the higher expression of HER2 / neu is recognized in metastatic regions as well as in primary sites. Several CTL epitopes restricted by HLA-A2.1 and -A3 were identified so far, however epitopes restricted by HLA-A24, that is one of the most common allele in Japanese and Caucasians, have not been identified. In this paper, we showed identification of a CTL epitope peptide of HER2 / neu restricted by HLA-A24. HLA-A24 binding peptides selected by an analysis based on HLA-A24 binding motifs were determined for their binding affinities to HLA-A24 molecules. The peptide with a sequence of RWGLLLALL (position 8-16) named HE1 showed the highest affinity. We induced CTLs from CD8(+)cells of HLA-A24 healthy donors by stimulation with HE1-pulsed autologous dendritic cells. The CTLs showed cytotoxic activity against not only the peptide-pulsed target cells but also HLA-A24 colorectal tumour cell lines that endogenously overexpressed HER2 / neu. The antigen-specificity was confirmed by cold target inhibition assay using HE1-pulsed target cells. In summary, HER2 / neu peptide, RWGLLLALL, may contribute to the induction of antitumour immunity with the peptide-based immunotherapy for the colorectal carcinomas.
Therapeutic effect of treatment with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to alpha-fetoprotein that have been conjugated to daunomycin via a dextran bridge: studies with an alpha-fetoprotein-producing rat hepatoma tumor model. (1987)

Purified monoclonal mouse or polyclonal horse antibodies (Ab) to rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were conjugated with daunomycin via a dextran bridge. The therapeutic effect of these Ab-daunomycin conjugates on an AFP-producing rat hepatoma which was inoculated s.c. in Donryu rats was studied. Tumors (s.c.) and distant metastases were present by 14 days after tumor inoculation and the serum AFP level was 35 micrograms/ml. The injection of the Ab-daunomycin conjugate, started on day 14, significantly prolonged host survival with inoculated controls having a median survival of 25 days compared to 57 and 60 days for the treated groups. In a second study the Ab-daunomycin conjugates were injected i.v. every other day for five times after the surgical resection of the s.c. tumor. There was a slight therapeutic effect with either antibody or daunomycin alone but treatment with the AFP Ab-daunomycin conjugates significantly prolonged survival and 60% of these treated animals were "tumor free" when sacrificed on day 100. Serial quantitation of the concentration of AFP in the serum of the treated tumor-bearing or in the tumor-resected rats correlated with the therapeutic effectiveness of the Ab-daunomycin conjugates. These experiments show that the optimal treatment with specific antibody-drug conjugates will be in hosts where there is a small residual tumor burden such as may exist following resection of a primary tumor mass. They further show that the serial quantitation of serum AFP can be utilized to determine if residual tumor is present following treatment with Ab-daunomycin conjugates.
Functional limits of oriP, the Epstein-Barr virus plasmid origin of replication (1989)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome contains two cis-acting elements which are required for stable extrachromosomal plasmid maintenance in latently infected cells. The first consists of 20 30-base-pair (bp) repeats, each of which contains a DNA-binding site for EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1), the trans-acting factor required for plasmid persistence. The second element is composed of a 65-bp dyad symmetry, containing four EBNA-1-binding sites. Deletion mutants were constructed which reduce the number of EBNA-1-binding sites in the 30-bp repeats, alter the number of EBNA-1-binding sites in the dyad region, or truncate the dyad element. The effect of the deletion mutations on plasmid maintenance was examined by transfecting recombinant plasmids, containing both the mutated EBV sequences and a drug resistance marker, into D98-Raji cells. The plasmids were tested for their ability to generate drug-resistant D98-Raji cell colonies and their capacity to be maintained in an extrachromosomal form without undergoing extensive rearrangements. EBV plasmids with 12 or 15 copies of the 30-bp repeats were wild type in both assays. Plasmids with just two or six copies of these repeated elements failed to generate drug-resistant colonies at a normal level, and normal episomal plasmids were not detected in the resulting colonies. Rare colonies of cells resulting from transfection of these two- or six-copy mutants contained rearranged, episomal forms of the input plasmids. The rearrangements most often produced head-to-tail oligomers containing a minimum of eight 30-bp repeated elements. The rearranged plasmids were shown to be revertant for plasmid maintenance in that they yielded wild-type or greater numbers of drug-resistant colonies and persisted at the wild-type or a greater episomal copy number. By use of an EBV plasmid that contained no 30-bp elements, no revertants could be isolated. One to five copies of a synthetic linker corresponding to a consensus 30-bp repeated element inserted into a plasmid with no 30-bp elements now permitted the generation of oligomeric, episomal forms of the mutant test plasmid. These experiments demonstrate a requirement for a minimal number (six to eight copies) of the 30-bp repeated element. Deletions in the 65-bp dyad region had little or no effect upon the ability to generate enhanced numbers of drug-resistant D98-Raji colonies, indicating that the 30-bp repeated element is predominantly required for this phenotype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Spatiotemporal changes in Cx30 and Cx43 expression during neuronal differentiation of P19 EC and NT2/D1 cells (2013)

While connexins (Cxs) are thought to be involved in differentiation, their expression and role has yet to be fully elucidated. We investigated the temporal expression of Cx30, Cx36 and Cx43 in two in vitro models of neuronal differentiation: human NT2/D1 and murine P19 cells, and the spatial localisation of Cx30 and Cx43 in these models. A temporal Cx43 downregulation was confirmed in both cell lines during RA-induced neuronal differentiation using RT-PCR (<i>P</i> < 0.05) preceding an increase in neuronal doublecortin protein. RT-PCR showed Cx36 was upregulated twofold in NT2/D1 cells (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and sixfold in P19 cells (<i>P</i> < 0.001) during neuronal differentiation. Cx30 exhibited a transient peak in expression midway through the timecourse of differentiation increasing threefold in NT2/D1 cells (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and eightfold in P19 cells (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Qualitative immunocytochemistry was used to examine spatiotemporal patterns of Cx protein distribution alongside neuronal differentiation markers. The temporal immunolabelling pattern was similar to that seen using RT-PCR. Cx43 was observed intracellularly and on cell surfaces, while Cx30 was seen as puncta. Spatially Cx43 was seen on doublecortin-negative cells, which may indicate Cx43 downregulation is requisite for differentiation in these models. Conversely, Cx30 puncta were observed on doublecortin-positive and -negative cells in NT2/D1 cells and examination of the Cx30 peak showed puncta also localized to nestin-positive cells, with few puncta on MAP2-positive cells. In P19 cells Cx30 was localized on clusters of cells surrounded by MAP2- and doublecortin-positive processes. The expression pattern of Cx30 indicates a role in neuronal differentiation; the nature of that role warrants future investigation.
Abstract 942: HPK1, hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1, is a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy (2020)

Abstract Introduction: HPK1, a member of the MAP4K family of protein serine/threonine kinases, is involved in regulating signal transduction cascades in cells of hematopoietic lineage. Recent data from HPK1 knockout animals and kinase-inactive knock-in animals underscores the role of HPK1 in negatively regulating lymphocyte activation. This negative-feedback role of HPK1 downstream of lymphocyte activation and function combined with its restricted expression in cells of hematopoietic origin make it an ideal drug target for enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Experimental Procedures: A structure-based drug design approach was used to identify potent and selective inhibitors of HPK1. Various biochemical and biophysical assays, as well as a primary in vitro T cell activation assay, were utilized for multiple rounds of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. In vivo target engagement and pharmacodynamic data were generated using an anti-CD3 mouse model. Results: In vitro, HPK1 small molecule inhibition resulted in enhanced IL-2 production in primary mouse T cells and in purified human T cells stimulated with a suboptimal dose of anti-CD3/anti-CD28. Increased selectivity of HPK1 inhibitors relative to T cell-specific kinases and within the MAP4K family was responsible for further enhancing the IL-2 response in activated T cells. In vivo, qd oral dosing of an HPK1 inhibitor completely abrogated phosphorylated SLP-76, induced by administration of anti-CD3. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokine production was enhanced in vivo upon HPK1 inhibition. Conclusion: Pharmacological blockade of HPK1 kinase activity represents a novel and powerful immunomodulatory approach for anti-tumor immunity. Citation Format: David Ciccone, Jennifer Rocnik, Vad Lazari, Ian Linney, Michael Briggs, Alan Collis, Christine Loh, Mark Ashwell, John Montana, Peter Tummino, Neelu Kaila. HPK1, hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1, is a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 942.
Ultra-large-core single-mode fiber for optical communications: the segmented cladding fiber (2002)

In conclusion, we have analyzed a 50 /spl mu/m-core segmented cladding fiber, which is capable of providing single-mode operation from 0.90 /spl mu/m to 1.70 /spl mu/m. We have elucidated the physical principle of the fiber with the radial effective index method whose accuracy has been confirmed with the finite-element method. The effective core area of the fiber is larger than those of any other large-core fiber designs by at least one or two orders of magnitude. We believe that we have opened up a new approach of designing ultra-large-core single-mode fibers for optical communications. The chromatic dispersion of the fiber and its control, as well as the bending loss and other practical issues are being studied.
Induction of Salmonella Stress Proteins Upon Infection of Macrophages (1990)

Regulated expression of bacterial genes allows a pathogen to adapt to new environmental conditions within the host. The synthesis of over 30 Salmonella proteins is selectively induced during infection of macrophages. Two proteins induced by Salmonella are the heat shock proteins GroEL and DnaK. Two avirulent, macrophage-sensitive mutants of Salmonella synthesize GroEL and DnaK but fail to synthesize different subsets of proteins normally induced within the macrophage. Enhanced expression of selected Salmonella proteins contributes to bacterial survival within macrophages and may also contribute to the apparent immunodominance of heat shock proteins.
A simple and convenient method for the preparation of N,N'-dibenzyldiaza-crown compounds (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA simple and convenient method for the preparation of N,N'-dibenzyldiaza-crown compoundsJerald S. Bradshaw and Krzysztof E. KrakowiakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 8, 1808–1810Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00243a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00243a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Depth of investigation in electromagnetic sounding methods (1989)

Abstract The time or frequency at which the electromagnetic (EM) response of a buried inhomogeneity can first be measured is determined by its depth of burial and the average conductivity of the overlying section; it is relatively independent of the type of source or receiver and their separation. The ability to make measurements at this time or frequency, however, depends on the sensitivity and accuracy of the instrumentation, the signal strength, and the ambient noise level. These factors affect different EM sounding systems in surprisingly different ways.For the magnetotelluric (MT) method, it is possible to detect a buried half-space under about 1.5 skin depths of overburden. The maximum depth of investigation is virtually unbounded because of high signal strengths at low frequencies. Transient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings, on the other hand, have a limited depth of penetration, but are less affected by static shift errors. For TEM, a buried inhomogeneity can be detected under about one diffusion depth of overburden. For conventional near-zone sounding in which induced voltage is measured (impulse response), the depth of investigation is proportional to the 1/5 power of the source moment and ground resistivity. By contrast, if the receiver is a magnetometer (step response system), the depth of investigation is proportional to the 1/3 power of source moment and is no longer a function of resistivity. Magnetic-field measurements may, therefore, be superior for exploration in conductive areas such as sedimentary basins. Far-zone, or long-offset, TEM soundings are traditionally used for deep exploration. The depth of investigation for a voltage receiver is proportional to the 1/4 power of source moment and resistivity and is inversely proportional to the source-receiver separation. Magnetic-field measurements are difficult to make at long offsets because instrumental accuracy limits the measurement of the very slow decay of the magnetic field.Frequency-domain controlled-source systems are ideally suited for sounding at the very shallow depths needed for engineering, archaeological, and groundwater applications because of the relative ease of extending the measurements to arbitrarily high frequencies, and also because geometric soundings can be made at low induction numbers.
Simultaneous magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and temperature mapping using multi-color MPI (2016)

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a novel imaging technique based on the non-linear magnetization response of super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). It has previously been shown that beside the spatial particle distribution, information about the particle type, its environment, and the particle temperature can be obtained from the magnetic particle signal. Successful separation of particle types and temperature measurements has been reported in spectroscopic experiments, but a simultaneous mapping of the particle distribution and temperature in a spatially encoded imaging experiment has not been demonstrated. This work presents simultaneous imaging and temperature mapping using a ’multi-color’ reconstruction approach.
Properties of Zn-doped GaN. I. Photoluminescence (1974)

Zinc in GaN forms an efficient radiative center emitting blue light at 2.86±0.02 eV and acts as a deep acceptor which can make the crystal insulating. A systematic variation of growth conditions shows that an optimization of the photoluminescence efficiency is possible. Under nonoptimal conditions, lower photon energy emission is obtained. A temperature-dependent competing nonradiative process has an activation energy of 0.33±0.15 eV. The emission peak exhibits a negligible spectral shift with temperature. The response time of the blue photoluminescence is several orders of magnitude slower than the near-gap transition. It is suggested that the photoluminescence is due to a radiative transition from the conduction band tail to the Zn acceptor levels.
Endovascular Treatment of Atherosclerotic Lower Limb Lesions Using a PTFE-Collared Stent-Graft (2000)

Although this endoluminal graft system is technically feasible and showed encouraging intermediate-term patency in a small pilot study, the early and late complications identified several shortcomings of this design, which needs refinement.
Degasification study from an air shaft in the Beckley coalbed (1982)

During 514 days of degasification, the Beckley coalbed produced 18.7 million CF (0.5 million m/sup 3/) of gas, which reduced methane mine-face emissions by about 77%. The gas flowed through eight horizontal boreholes drilled at depths of 418-910 ft (127-277 m) in a radial pattern from the bottom of a ventilation air shaft. An in situ pressure hole was also drilled at 205 ft (65 m). Because the shaft was in a water-saturated basin, gas flows were low, an average of 94,100 CF/day for all eight holes, along with 13 gal (49.3 liters)/min of water. At 200 ft (61 m), the in situ pressure into the coalbed was 79 psig (545 kN/m/sup 2/).
Confinement of Acoustical Vibrations in a Semiconductor Planar Phonon Cavity (2002)

Extending the idea of optical microcavities to sound waves, we propose a phonon cavity consisting of two semiconductor superlattices enclosing a spacer layer. We show that acoustical phonons can be confined in such layered structures when the spacer thickness is an integer multiple of the acoustic half-wavelength at the center of one of the superlattice folded minigaps. We report Raman scattering experiments that, taking profit of an optical microcavity geometry, demonstrate unambiguously the observation of a phonon-cavity confined acoustical vibration in a GaAs/AlAs based structure. The experimental results compare precisely with photoelastic model calculations of the Raman spectra.
Purification and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide from maize (Zea mays L.) kernels. (1992)

Several small, acid-soluble, basic peptides with anti-microbial properties have been isolated from maize (inbred B73) kernels. One of these peptides (MBP-1) has been purified to homogeneity and characterized. The peptide has a molecular weight of 4127.08 as determined by plasma desorption mass spectroscopy, has no free cysteines, and is predominantly alpha-helical as determined by circular dichroism. The primary sequence of the peptide (33 residues) has been determined by Edman degradation and shows no homology to the thionins, a group of cysteine-rich peptides found in some cereals including wheat, barley, and sorghum, as well as several dicot species. Like the thionins, however, MBP-1 has been found to have antimicrobial properties in vitro. MBP-1 inhibits spore germination or hyphal elongation of several plant pathogenic fungi, including two seed pathogens of maize (Fusarium moniliforme Sheld. and Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petsch)), and several bacteria, including a bacterial pathogen of maize (Clavibacter michiganense ssp. nebraskense). A synthetic MBP-1 peptide, air-oxidized and purified by reverse phase chromatography, was equally antifungal as compared with the naturally occurring peptide.
Knockdown of autophagy enhances the innate immune response in hepatitis C virus-infected hepatocytes (2010)

The disruption of autophagy machinery in HCV-infected hepatocytes activates the interferon signaling pathway and induces apoptosis. Together, these results suggest that HCV-induced autophagy impairs the innate immune response.