gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neighboring group participation by oxygen in the solvolysis of acyclic .gamma.-alkoxy substituted p-toluenesulfonates (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeighboring group participation by oxygen in the solvolysis of acyclic .gamma.-alkoxy substituted p-toluenesulfonatesErnest L. Eliel, Leigh Clawson, and David E. KnoxCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 15, 2707–2711Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00215a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00215a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views461Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EJ-1, a temperate bacteriophage of Streptococcus pneumoniae with a Myoviridae morphotype (1992)

The first temperate bacteriophage (EJ-1) of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Myoviridae morphotype A1 isolated from a clinical atypical strain has been purified and characterized. This phage has a double-stranded linear genome about 42 kb long, but in contrast to the other pneumococcal temperate phages that have been characterized so far, EJ-1 does not contain any protein covalently linked to it. We have sequenced a fragment of EJ-1 DNA containing the ejl gene, encoding a cell wall lytic enzyme (EJL amidase). This gene has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the EJL enzyme was purified and biochemically characterized as an N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase that shares many similarities with the major pneumococcal autolysin. The EJL amidase is a choline-dependent enzyme that needs the process of conversion to achieve full enzymatic activity, but in contrast to the wild-type pneumococcal LYTA amidase, this process was found to be reversible. Comparisons of the primary structure of this new lytic enzyme with that of the other cell wall lytic enzymes of S. pneumoniae and its bacteriophages characterized so far provided new insights as to the evolutionary relationships between phages and bacteria. The nucleotide sequences of the attachment site (attP) on the phage genome and one of the junctions created by the insertion of the prophage were determined. Interestingly, the attP site was located near the ejl gene, as previously observed for the pneumococcal temperate bacteriophage HB-3 (A. Romero, R. López, and P. García, J. Virol. 66:2860-2864, 1992). A stem-and-loop structure, some adjacent direct and inverted repeats, and two putative integration host factor-binding sites were found in the att sites.
Enzymatic Tempering of a Mussel Adhesive Protein Film (1998)

An adhesive protein isolated from the marine mussel Mytilus edulis has been adsorbed to highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and enzymatically oxidized to yield a sclerotized film that is tightly bound to the substrate. Atomic force microscopy was used to image the surface and the adsorbed biopolymer, indicating uniform coverage of the substrate within 1 s of adsorption time from solution. Film thicknesses of the adsorbed protein films were estimated to be 25 and 73 Å for the sclerotized films. Imaging forces ranging from ≤20 to ≥600 nN were used to determine the stability of adhesive protein films without and with added catechol oxidase, respectively. Results indicate that the resistance of adhesive protein films to displacement can be enhanced 10-fold by enzymatic oxidation. Oxidation presumably leads to formation of covalent cross-links between adsorbed protein chains.
A distinct subset of chemokines dominates the mucosal chemokine response in inflammatory bowel disease (2004)

IL-1beta and TNF-alpha appear to be the pivotal mediators of a previously unidentified coordinated epithelial chemokine response that dominates the mucosal chemokine environment in inflamed IBD tissue.
Hepcidin antimicrobial peptide transgenic mice exhibit features of the anemia of inflammation (2007)

The anemia of inflammation is an acquired disorder affecting patients with a variety of medical conditions, and it is characterized by changes in iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis. Mounting evidence suggests that hepcidin antimicrobial peptide plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of the anemia of inflammation. To evaluate which features of this anemia can be attributed to hepcidin, we have generated mice carrying a tetracycline-regulated hepcidin transgene. Expression of the hepcidin transgene resulted in down-regulation of endogenous hepcidin mRNA. The transgenic mice developed a mild-to-moderate anemia associated with iron deficiency and iron-restricted erythropoiesis. Similar to the anemia of inflammation, iron accumulated in tissue macrophages, whereas a relative paucity of iron was found in the liver. Circulating erythrocytes in transgenic animals had normal survival rates, but transgenic animals had an impaired response to erythropoietin. Thus, hepcidin transgenic mice recapitulate each of the key features of anemia of inflammation in human patients and serve as a useful model of this prevalent disorder.
Beyond Spanish for Business: Teaching Marketing Issues in the Spanish-Speaking World (2010)

to make do with limited resources while still preparing students for the global economy of the new millenium.Several professors (for example,
The Work Limitations Questionnaire (2001)

With 25 items, 4 dimensions (limitations handling time, physical, mental-interpersonal, and output demands), and a 2-week reporting period, the Work Limitations Questionnaire demonstrated high reliability and validity.
A Generic Virus Scanner in C (1992)

Computer viruses pose an increasing risk to computer data integrity. They cause loss of valuable data and cost an enormous amount in wasted effort in restoration/duplication of lost and damaged data. Each month many new viruses are reported. As the problem of viruses increases, we need tools to detect them and to eradicate them from our systems. This paper describes a virus detection tool: a generic virus scanner in C ++ with no inherent limitations on the file systems, file types, or host architectures that can be scanned. The tool is completely general and is structured in such a way that it can easily be augmented to recognize viruses across different system platforms with varied file types. The implementation defines an abstract C ++ class,VirInfo, which encapsulates virus features common to all scannable viruses. Subclasses of this abstract class may be used to define viruses that infect different machines and operating systems. The generality of the mechanism allows it to be used for other forms of scanning as well. 1
The Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Integrins in the Compaction and Mechanical Strengthening of a Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessel (1999)

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) influence vessel structure and function during normal development, and in disease states. VSMC interactions with extracellular matrix, via cell surface integrins, play an important role in these processes. A greater understanding of the molecular basis of these interactions is also critical to advances in the field of cardiovascular tissue engineering. This study examined the role of VSMC integrins in the spontaneous compaction and eventual strengthening of a rudimentary tissue-engineered blood vessel (TEBV) consisting of a fibrillar type I collagen network populated by human aortic smooth muscle cells. Using integrin subunit-specific antibodies, we demonstrated that anti-beta1 (Mab13 and P4C10) and anti-alpha2 (P1E6) antibodies that inhibit aortic smooth muscle cell (AoSMC) adhesion to collagen, also significantly inhibit TEBV compaction during the 24-hour period following TEBV construction. However, no difference in the tensile stress of antibody-treated and control TEBVs was observed at this time point. In contrast, 72 hours after construction, the inhibitory effect of anti-integrin antibodies on compaction had been overcome but tensile stress was decreased in TEBVs treated with anti-alpha2/anti-beta1 antibodies when compared to controls. These data provide evidence linking VSMC integrins, specifically the alpha2beta1 integrin, with the initial compaction, as well as, the postcompaction strengthening of the TEBV.
Further rapidly reacting ion‐exchange resins (1976)

Abstract To overcome the very slow reaction rates of weak electrolyte ion‐exchange resins in neutral salt solutions, the resins must be used as microparticles. Ways of handling microparticles are outlined. The present study is aimed at the preparation of large composite particles containing basic and acidic polymers in domains which are clearly segregated so that minimum interaction between the sites of opposite character occurs. Because the domain size is small, rapid reaction rates are achieved. Resins which show this effect have been prepared from basic and acidic monomers by using blocking procedures involving counterions, which significantly reduce the association of the basic and acidic sites. However, although very rapid reaction rates are obtained, the ion‐exchange capacities of the products remain inferior to those of composites made by binding the active microparticles together with an inert binder, showing that substantial self‐neutralization has still taken place. Similar results are obtained with basic and acidic monomers by using precipitation techniques, which are aimed at grafting one monomer onto a precipitated macroradical prepared from the other monomer.
Surface Expression of Collagen Receptor Fc Receptor-γ/Glycoprotein VI Is Enhanced on Platelets in Type 2 Diabetes and Mediates Release of CD40 Ligand and Activation of Endothelial Cells (2004)

Diabetes is associated with an enhanced collagen-mediated platelet activation that contributes significantly to thromboischemic complications. In this study, the platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) was studied in 385 patients with type 2 diabetes. Surface expression of the platelet Fc receptor that forms a functional complex with GPVI was significantly increased in patients with diabetes compared with those without diabetes (P = 0.02). Fc receptor expression correlated with GPVI expression and was found to be independently associated with diabetes (r = 0.529, P < 0.001). Stimulation of GPVI through a specific anti-GPVI monoclonal antibody significantly enhanced surface expression of CD40L (P = 0.006). Because CD40L is a potent platelet-derived cytokine that is involved in thrombosis and atherosclerosis, we evaluated the effect of GPVI-mediated release of CD40L on activation of endothelial cells. Coincubation of GPVI-stimulated platelets resulted in substantial enhanced endothelial surface expression of CD62P, alphavbeta3, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (P < 0.05) and secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (P < 0.01). These results suggest that the function of collagen receptor GPVI is altered in type 2 diabetes and may play an important role in atherothrombotic complications. Inhibition of GPVI may be a promising pharmacological target in the treatment of high-risk diabetic patients.
An empirical evaluation of deep architectures on problems with many factors of variation (2007)

Recently, several learning algorithms relying on models with deep architectures have been proposed. Though they have demonstrated impressive performance, to date, they have only been evaluated on relatively simple problems such as digit recognition in a controlled environment, for which many machine learning algorithms already report reasonable results. Here, we present a series of experiments which indicate that these models show promise in solving harder learning problems that exhibit many factors of variation. These models are compared with well-established algorithms such as Support Vector Machines and single hidden-layer feed-forward neural networks.
Interchangeable pin routing with application to package layout (1996)

Many practical routing problems such as BGA, PGA, pin redistribution and test fixture routing involve routing with interchangeable pins. These routing problems, especially package layout, are becoming more difficult to do manually due to increasing speed and I/O. Currently, no commercial or university router is available for this task. In this paper, we unify these different problems as instances of the interchangeable pin routing (IPR) problem, which is NP-complete. By representing the solution space with flows in a triangulated routing network instead of grids, we developed a min-cost max-flow heuristic considering only the most important cuts in the design. The heuristic handles multiple layers, prerouted nets, and all-angle, octilinear or rectilinear wiring styles. Experiments show that the heuristic is very effective on most practical examples. It had been used to route industry designs with thousands of interchangeable pins.
[A new heat and moisture exchanger, Trach-Vent Plus, for patients with spontaneous respiration]. (2003)

A new heat and moisture exchanger, Trach-Vent Plus is now available in Japan. A heat and moisture exchanger, Trach-Vent and oxygen-supplying tool, Oxy-Vent are made in one unit as a Trach-Vent Plus. This is smaller and lighter than the combination of Trach-Vent and Oxy-Vent. Oxygen supplying tube can be connected to the side of the filter. There is a silicon membrane with slits in the center of the tool, to which patients's airway opens directly. The membrane prevents patients from dust, but suction of sputa is easy through the slits. This new heat and moisture exchanger, Trach-Vent Plus is useful to administer oxygen to intubated patients breathing spontaneously, especially with tracheostomy.
A Second Generation Force Field for the Simulation of Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Organic Molecules (1995)

Abstract: We present the derivation of a new molecular mechanical force field for simulating the structures, conformational energies, and interaction energies of proteins, nucleic acids, and many related organic molecules in condensed phases. This effective two-body force field is the successor to the Weiner et al. force field and was developed with some of the same philosophies, such as the use of a simple diagonal potential function and electrostatic potential fit atom centered charges. The need for a 10-12 function for representing hydrogen bonds is no longer necessary due to the improved performance of the new charge model and new van der Waals parameters. These new charges are determined using a 6-31G * basis set and restrained electrostatic potential (RESP) fitting and have been shown to reproduce interaction energies, free energies of solvation, and conformational energies of simple small molecules to a good degree of accuracy. Furthermore, the new RESP charges exhibit less variability as a function of the molecular conformation used in the charge determination. The new van der Waals parameters have been derived from liquid simulations and include hydrogen parameters which take into account the effects of any geminal electronegative atoms. The bonded parameters developed by Weiner et al. were modified as necessary to reproduce experimental vibrational frequencies and structures. Most of the simple dihedral parameters have been retained from Weiner et al., but a complex set of 4 and yj parameters which do a good job of reproducing the energies of the low-energy conformations of glycyl and alanyl dipeptides has been developed for the peptide backbone.
Nanorobot architecture for medical target identification (2007)

We formulate the dynamical problem of a cool wind centrifugally driven from the magnetic interface of a young star and an adjoining Keplerian disk. We examine the situation for mildly accreting T Tauri stars that rotate slowly as well as rapidly accreting protostars that rotate near break-up. In both cases a wind can be driven from a small X-region just outside the stellar magnetopause, where the field lines assume an open geometry and are rooted to material that rotates at an angular speed equal both to the local Keplerian value and to the stellar angular speed. Assuming axial symmetry for the ideal magnetohydrodynamic flow, which requires us to postpone asking how the (lightly ionized) gas is loaded onto field lines, we can formally integrate all the governing equations analytically except for a partial equation that describes how streamlines spread in the meridional plane. Apart from the difficulty of dealing with PDEs of mixed type, finding the functional forms of the conserved quantities along streamlines - the ratio beta of magnetic field to mass flux, the specific energy H of the fluid in the rotating frame, and the total specific angular momentum J carried in the matter and the field - constitutes a standard difficulty in this kind of (Grad-Shafranov) formalism. Fortunately, because the ratio of the thermal speed of the mass-loss regions to the Keplerian speed of rotation of the interface constitutes a small parameter epsilon, we can attack the overall problem by the method of matched asymptotic expansions. This procedure leads to a natural and systematic technique for obtaining the relevant functional dependences of beta, H, and J. Moreover, we are able to solve analytically for the properties of the flow emergent from the small transsonic region driven by gas pressure without having to specify the detailed form of any of the conserved functions, beta, H, and J. This analytical solution provides inner boundary conditions for the numerical computation in a companion paper by Najita &amp; Shu of the larger region where the main acceleration to terminal speeds occurs.
Engineered Fc variant antibodies with enhanced ability to recruit complement and mediate effector functions (2010)

Engineering the antibody Fc region to enhance the cytotoxic activity of therapeutic antibodies is currently an active area of investigation. The contribution of complement to the mechanism of action of some antibodies that target cancers and pathogens makes a compelling case for its optimization. Here we describe the generation of a series of Fc variants with enhanced ability to recruit complement. Variants enhanced the cytotoxic potency of an anti-CD20 antibody up to 23-fold against tumor cells in CDC assays, and demonstrated a correlated increase in C1q binding affinity. Complement-enhancing substitutions combined additively, and in one case synergistically, with substitutions previously engineered for improved binding to Fc gamma receptors. The engineered combinations provided a range of effector function activities, including simultaneously enhanced CDC, ADCC, and phagocytosis. Variants were also effective at boosting the effector function of antibodies targeting the antigens CD40 and CD19, in the former case enhancing CDC over 600-fold, and in the latter case imparting complement-mediated activity onto an IgG1 antibody that was otherwise incapable of it. This work expands the toolkit of modifications for generating monoclonal antibodies with improved therapeutic potential and enables the exploration of optimized synergy between Fc gamma receptors and complement pathways for the destruction of tumors and infectious pathogens.
Fast handoff for seamless wireless mesh networks (2006)

This paper presents the architecture and protocols of SMesh, a completely transparent wireless mesh system that offers seamless, fast handoff, supporting VoIP and other real-time application traffic for any unmodified 802.11 device. In SMesh, the entire mesh network is seen by the mobile clients as a single, omnipresent access point.Fast handoff is achieved by ensuring that each client is served by at least one access point at any time. Mobile clients are handled by a single access point during stable connectivity times. During handoff transitions, SMesh uses more than one access point to handle the moving client. Access points continuously monitor the connectivity quality of any client in their range and efficiently share this information with other access points in the vicinity of that client to coordinate which of them should serve the client.Experimental results on a fully deployed mesh network consisting of 14 access points demonstrate the effectiveness of the SMesh architecture and its handoff protocol.
Augmentation of Proliferation and in Vitro Production of Cytotoxic Cells by 2-Me in the Rat (1975)

Low concentrations (10(-5) to 10(-8) M) of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) greatly enhance the proliferation of allogeneic cells in the rat mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). Studies were undertaken to determine the mode of action of 2-ME. MLC proliferation can occur in the absence of serum proteins (fetal calf serum, FCS) only if 2-ME is present; however, a synergistic effect is present with FCS plus 2-ME, with a 3-fold increase in 3HTdR incorporation with FCS concentrations as low as 0.1%. Kinetic studies show no shift in the peak of proliferation (92 hr) when comparing cultures with and without 2-ME; however, 2-ME-supplemented cultures have significant 3HTdR uptake at 24 hr, and the peak amount of uptake at 92 hr is two to four times higher. Delayed addition of 2-ME until 92 and 166 hr produces a further increase in 3HTdR uptake, indicating that the entire effect is not expressed at the time of allogeneic recognition. L-ascorbic acid, another reducing agent which lacks sulfhydryl groups, elicits a much lower effect on DNA synthesis than does 2-ME. The cytotoxicity of cells harvested from MLC supplemented with 2-ME is increased without loss of target specificity, whereas the same concentration of 2-ME has no direct effect upon the cytotoxicity assay except at higher concentrations where 2-ME suppresses cytotoxicity.