gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic and immunological properties of Bungarus flaviceps (red-headed krait) venom (2010)

Bungarus flaviceps (red-headed krait) venom presents an intravenous LD50 of 0.32 μg/g and exhibits enzymatic activities similar to other Bungarus toxins. ELISA cross-reactions between anti-Bungarus flaviceps and a variety of elapid and viperid venoms were observed in the current study. Double-sandwich ELISA was highly specific, since anti-B. flaviceps serum did not cross-react with any tested venom, indicating that this assay can be used for species diagnosis in B. flaviceps bites. In the indirect ELISA, anti-B. flaviceps serum cross-reacted moderately with three different Bungarus venoms (9-18%) and Notechis scutatus venom, but minimally with other elapid and viperid toxins. The results indicated that B. flaviceps venom shares common epitopes with other Bungarus species as well as with N. scutatus. The lethality of the B. flaviceps venom was neutralized effectively by antiserum prepared against B. candidus and B. flaviceps toxins and a commercial bivalent elapid antivenom prepared against B. multicinctus and Naja naja atra venoms, but was not neutralized by commercial antivenoms prepared against Thai cobra, king cobra and banded krait. These data also suggested that the major lethal toxins of B. flaviceps venom are similar to those found in B. multicinctus and B. candidus venoms.
Molecular Basis of Tubulin Transport Within the Cilium by IFT74 and IFT81 (2013)

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) of ciliary precursors such as tubulin from the cytoplasm to the ciliary tip is involved in the construction of the cilium, a hairlike organelle found on most eukaryotic cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of IFT are poorly understood. Here, we found that the two core IFT proteins IFT74 and IFT81 form a tubulin-binding module and mapped the interaction to a calponin homology domain of IFT81 and a highly basic domain in IFT74. Knockdown of IFT81 and rescue experiments with point mutants showed that tubulin binding by IFT81 was required for ciliogenesis in human cells.
Effects of the protein corona on liposome–liposome and liposome–cell interactions (2016)

Claudia Corbo,1,2 Roberto Molinaro,1 Francesca Taraballi,1 Naama E Toledano Furman,1 Michael B Sherman,3 Alessandro Parodi,1 Francesco Salvatore,2,4 Ennio Tasciotti1,5 1Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; 2CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a r.l., Naples, Italy; 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; 4Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; 5Department of Orthopedics, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA Abstract: A thorough understanding of interactions occurring at the interface between nanocarriers and biological systems is crucial to predict and interpret their biodistribution, targeting, and efficacy, and thus design more effective drug delivery systems. Upon intravenous injection, nanoparticles are coated by a protein corona (PC). This confers a new biological identity on the particles that largely determines their biological fate. Liposomes have great pharmaceutical versatility, so, as proof of concept, their PC has recently been implicated in the mechanism and efficiency of their internalization into the cell. In an attempt to better understand the interactions between nanocarriers and biological systems, we analyzed the plasma proteins adsorbed on the surface of multicomponent liposomes. Specifically, we analyzed the physical properties and ultrastructure of liposome/PC complexes and the aggregation process that occurs when liposomes are dispersed in plasma. The results of combined confocal microscopy and flow cytometry experiments demonstrated that the PC favors liposome internalization by both macrophages and tumor cells. This work provides insights into the effects of the PC on liposomes&rsquo; physical properties and, consequently, liposome&ndash;liposome and liposome&ndash;cell interactions. Keywords: liposomes, protein corona, macrophages, cancer cells
Influence of urea on the glucose measurement by electrocatalytic sensor in the extracorporeal blood circulation of a sheep. (1991)

In an animal experiment with the electrocatalytic glucose sensor, measurements were carried out over one week in the extracorporeal circulation of a sheep. Glucose tolerance tests were performed, and the influence of increased urea concentrations in the blood on the glucose determination was investigated. The sensor constructed as a flow-through cell was integrated via a vascular graft outside the body into the carotid artery of the animal and activated by an external electronic unit of measurement. The glucose concentration was determined by measuring the impedance of the electrode/membrane system at various potentials. By means of a subsequent correlation analysis of the measured values obtained over one week, a calibration valid for the entire measurement period was established. After a zero adjustment, it was even possible to adopt the calibration from the glucose measurement of the preceding animal experiment. The investigations of the influence of urea on the glucose measurement showed that the error in measurement of the sensor, which is 20% on average, is only insignificantly increased when the urea level is raised beyond the maximum physiological concentration.
Artificial Dermis for Major Burns (1988)

This communication presents an 11-center prospective randomized trial using the artificial dermis invented by Burke and Yannas. Patients with life-threatening burns who underwent primary excision and grafting within 7 days of injury had comparable sites randomized to receive either the artificial dermis (study site) or the investigator's usual skin grafting material (control site). Control materials were autograft, allograft, xenograft, or a synthetic dressing. Epidermal grafts were applied to the study site during a second operation, and surviving patients were followed for 1 year after grafting. One hundred thirty-nine sites on 106 patients were studied. Mean burn size was 46.5 +/- 15% mean total body surface (TBSA). Overall mortality was 13%, and mean hospital stay was 68 +/- 45 days. Median artificial dermis take was 80% compared with 95% for all comparative sites, but the take was equivalent to that of all nonautograft control materials. Results with the artificial dermis improved slightly as the investigators became more familiar with the material. Donor site thickness for the study site averaged .006'' +/- .002'' compared to .013'' +/- .018'' for control (p less than .0001) and the epidermal donor site healed an average of 4 days sooner (10 +/- 6 vs. 14 +/- 8 days) (p less than .0001). As the wounds matured during the first year, both patients and surgeons felt that both sites became more comparable in appearance and function. At the completion of the study, there was less hypertrophic scarring of the artificial dermis, and more patients preferred the artificial dermis to the control graft. Artificial dermis with an epidermal graft provides a permanent cover that is at least as satisfactory as currently available skin grafting techniques, and uses donor grafts that are thinner and donor sites that heal faster.
The Impact of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase 1 on Blood Pressure Is Determined by Genetic Background (2010)

Prostaglandin (PG)E(2) has multiple actions that may affect blood pressure. It is synthesized from arachidonic acid by the sequential actions of phospholipases, cyclooxygenases, and PGE synthases. Although microsomal PGE synthase (mPGES)1 is the only genetically verified PGE synthase, results of previous studies examining the consequences of mPGES1 deficiency on blood pressure (BP) are conflicting. To determine whether genetic background modifies the impact of mPGES1 on BP, we generated mPGES1(-/-) mice on 2 distinct inbred backgrounds, DBA/1lacJ and 129/SvEv. On the DBA/1 background, baseline BP was similar between wild-type (WT) and mPGES1(-/-) mice. By contrast, on the 129 background, baseline BPs were significantly higher in mPGES1(-/-) animals than WT controls. During angiotensin II infusion, the DBA/1 mPGES1(-/-) and WT mice developed mild hypertension of similar magnitude, whereas 129-mPGES1(-/-) mice developed more severe hypertension than WT controls. DBA/1 animals developed only minimal albuminuria in response to angiotensin II infusion. By contrast, WT 129 mice had significantly higher levels of albumin excretion than WT DBA/1 and the extent of albuminuria was further augmented in 129 mPGES1(-/-) animals. In WT mice of both strains, the increase in urinary excretion of PGE(2) with angiotensin II was attenuated in mPGES1(-/-) animals. Urinary excretion of thromboxane was unaffected by angiotensin II in the DBA/1 lines but increased more than 4-fold in 129 mPGES1(-/-) mice. These data indicate that genetic background significantly modifies the BP response to mPGES1 deficiency. Exaggerated production of thromboxane may contribute to the robust hypertension and albuminuria in 129 mPGES1-deficient mice.
Solution Thermodynamic Stability of Complexes Formed with the Octadentate Hydroxypyridinonate Ligand 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO): A Critical Feature for Efficient Chelation of Lanthanide(IV) and Actinide(IV) Ions (2013)

The solution thermodynamics of water-soluble complexes formed between Ce(III), Ce(IV), Th(IV) and the octadentate chelating agent 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) were investigated. Several techniques including spectrofluorimetric and automated spectrophotometric titrations were used to overcome the slow spontaneous oxidation of Ce(III) complexes yielding to stability constants of log β110 = 17.4 ± 0.5, log β11-1 = 8.3 ± 0.4 and log β111 = 21.2 ± 0.4 for [Ce(III)(3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO))](-), [Ce(III)(3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO)(OH)](2-), and [Ce(III)(3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO)H], respectively. Using the spectral properties of the hydroxypyridinonate chelator in ligand competition titrations against nitrilotriacetic acid, the stability constant log β110 = 41.5 ± 0.5 was determined for [Ce(IV)(3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO))]. Finally, the extraordinarily stable complex [Ce(IV)(3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO))] was used in Th(IV) competition titrations, resulting in a stability constant of log β110 = 40.1 ± 0.5 for [Th(IV)3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO))]. These experimental values are in excellent agreement with previous estimates, they are discussed with respect to the ionic radius and oxidation state of each cationic metal, and allow predictions on the stability of other actinide complexes including [U(IV)(3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO))], [Np(IV)(3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO))], and [Pu(IV)(3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO))]. Comparisons with the standard ligand diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) provide a thermodynamic basis for the observed significantly higher efficacy of 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) as an in vivo actinide decorporation agent.
New Technologies and Literacy. (1990)

The author reviews the development of computer use in Australian schools and hypothesises that our understanding of literacy and concepts of text are changing with each new wave of computer technology.
Maternal-to-Infant Transmission of Probiotics: Concept Validation in Mice, Rats, and Pigs (2009)

Probiotic bacteria administered to mothers during late gestation are transferred to infants born vaginally and influence the assemblages of GIT bacteria. However, colonization of the neonatal GIT and persistence past weaning does not occur in all offspring and varies among probiotics and animal models.
Regulation of NF-kappa B, AP-1, NFAT, and STAT1 nuclear import in T lymphocytes by noninvasive delivery of peptide carrying the nuclear localization sequence of NF-kappa B p50. (1998)

Activation of T lymphocytes by Ags or cytokines results in translocation of the transcription factors NF-kappa B, AP-1, NFAT, and STAT from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. The first step in the nuclear import process is recognition of a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) within the karyophilic protein by a cytoplasmic receptor such as the importin (karyopherin)-alpha subunit. The NLSs of NF-kappa B, AP-1, and NFAT differ and the NLS of STAT1 has not yet been identified. Herein we demonstrate that the inducible nuclear import of NF-kappa B, AP-1, NFAT, and STAT1 in Jurkat T lymphocytes is significantly inhibited by a cell-permeable peptide carrying the NLS of the NF-kappa B p50 subunit. NLS peptide-mediated disruption of the nuclear import of these transcription factors results in inhibition of I kappa B alpha and IL-2 gene expression, processes dependent on NF-kappa B or the combination of NF-kappa B, AP-1, and NFAT. Further, we show that inhibitory NLS peptide interacts in vitro with a cytoplasmic NLS receptor complex comprised of the Rch1/importin (karyopherin)-beta heterodimer expressed in Jurkat T cells. Taken together, these data indicate that the inducible nuclear import of NF-kappa B, AP-1, NFAT, and STAT1 in Jurkat T cells can be regulated by NLS peptide delivered noninvasively to the cytoplasm of Jurkat T cells to target members of the importin (karyopherin)-alpha beta NLS receptor complex.
Organization and Expression of Bacteriophage T7 DNA (1983)

Bacteriophage T7 is a virulent bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli. The seventh of the original set of T bacteriophages (Demerec and Fano 1945), T7 has been the object of considerable genetic and biochemical investigation (for review, see Studier 1972, 1979; Studier et al. 1979; Dunn and Studier 1981, 1983). The T7 virion contains a single molecule of linear, doublestranded DNA, and the nucleotide sequence of the entire 39,936 bp has now been determined (Oakley and Coleman 1977; Dunn and Studier 1981, 1983; Stahl and Zinn 1981). All of the known T7 genes and genetic signals have been located within the nucleotide sequence, and several previously unsuspected genes have been revealed. The genetic organization of T7 DNA and the overall pattern of gene expression during T7 infection can now be understood at the nucleotide level.
Is Web 2.0 Providing a Voice for Outsiders? A Comparison of Personal Web Site and Social Media Use by Candidates at the 2010 UK General Election (2014)

The apparent success of President Obama’s online election campaigns in the 2008 and 2012 U.S. presidential elections and the rapid growth in use of social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter by British voters since the last election has led to much speculation that 2010 would be a “watershed” moment for UK politicians and parties in their adoption of digital tools. This article seeks to measure the precise extent of online campaigning during the 2010 general election campaign and explain the patterns of adoption observed. It does so by using an extensive and original data set that measures the adoption of Web sites by candidates from six parties in all constituencies in England, and measures adoption and use of four types of social media for a smaller group of more competitive constituencies. It aims to test one of the leading theories in the field of online campaigning, the normalization thesis, using the most comprehensive and rigorous data collected in the United Kingdom to date. The normalization thesis states that actors who already have the most influence will be the ones most likely to benefit from new online campaign methods. This paper finds that although patterns of Web site adoption among candidates do support normalization overall, adoption and use of certain types of social media refute normalization on some measures, some to a strong degree.
Digital image processing algorithms (1994)

Digital image processing fundamentals digital image transfor algorithms digital image filtering digital image compression edge detection algorithms image segmentation algorithms shape description.
Functionalized porous microparticles of nanofibrillated cellulose for biomimetic hierarchically structured superhydrophobic surfaces (2012)

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC, also called microfibrillated cellulose and native cellulose nanofibers) is an attractive sustainable nanofibrillar material to template functionalities. It allows the modification of wetting properties, but so far surfaces with NFC have suffered from high adhesion of water droplets, even when the contact angles have been large. Here we show that spray-dried NFC leads to hierarchical surface roughness, closely resembling that of lotus leaves, due to the microparticles and their porosity at a considerably smaller length scale. We present the first report on superhydrophobic surfaces from NFC with contact angle hysteresis of only a few degrees upon surface modification. The shown process to achieve the hierarchies is particularly straightforward involving airbrushing of solvent-based NFC onto the surface, followed by quick drying, and a chemical modification performed either before or after the airbrushing, with essentially similar results. The NFC microparticles also enable the formation of liquid marbles. The presented method is technically feasible, as cellulose is an economic, abundant material from nature and the spraying processes are scalable. The shown approach could allow further functionalities, such as self-cleaning and water droplet manipulation.
Control of metabolic interconversion of isocitrate dehydrogenase between the catalytically active and inactive forms in Escherichia coli (1998)

The enzymic interconversion of Escherichia coli isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) between the catalytically active and inactive forms is mediated through the activities of ICDH-kinase/phosphatase in response to changes in the metabolic environment. In this study, the use of mutant strains devoid of isocitrate lyase (aceA:: Tn10) and pyruvate dehydrogenase activities revealed that the signal which triggers the reversible inactivation of ICDH in vivo is not directly related to acetate itself, but rather to the need to maintain high intracellular levels of isocitrate and free co-enzyme A. The use of these mutants also revealed, rather unexpectedly, that acetate grown cells contain more ICDH protein than those grown with other carbon sources and that the catalytic activity of ICDH kinase/phosphatase is in excess of cellular demands. Furthermore, this study also revealed the presence of a 50-kDa (?2 kDa) acetate-specific polypeptide, the identity of which has yet to be established.
RASTA-PLP speech analysis technique (1992)

Most speech parameter estimation techniques are easily influenced by the frequency response of the communication channel. The authors have developed a technique that is more robust to such steady-state spectral factors in speech. The approach is conceptually simple and computationally efficient. The new method is described, and experimental results are proposed that show significant advantages for the proposed method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Generation of 111kW (0.5mJ) pulses at 1.5µm using a gated cascade of three fibre amplifiers (1993)

The amplification of low repetition rate, 1.534µm pulses from a DFB laser diode to peak output powers of 111kW and energies of 0.5mJ is demonstrated. The optimised amplifier chain comprised two high efficiency single-mode, 980nm (40mW) pumped erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs) separated from a multimode, 978nm (1.5W) pumped EDFA by an acousto optic gate.
Forensics and Mitochondrial DNA: Applications, Debates, and Foundations (2003)

Debate on the validity and reliability of scientific methods often arises in the courtroom. When the government (i.e., the prosecution) is the proponent of evidence, the defense is obliged to challenge its admissibility. Regardless, those who seek to use DNA typing methodologies to analyze forensic biological evidence have a responsibility to understand the technology and its applications so a proper foundation(s) for its use can be laid. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), an extranuclear genome, has certain features that make it desirable for forensics, namely, high copy number, lack of recombination, and matrilineal inheritance. mtDNA typing has become routine in forensic biology and is used to analyze old bones, teeth, hair shafts, and other biological samples where nuclear DNA content is low. To evaluate results obtained by sequencing the two hypervariable regions of the control region of the human mtDNA genome, one must consider the genetically related issues of nomenclature, reference population databases, heteroplasmy, paternal leakage, recombination, and, of course, interpretation of results. We describe the approaches, the impact some issues may have on interpretation of mtDNA analyses, and some issues raised in the courtroom.
The Interaction of Glycoprotein C of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 with the Alternative Complement Pathway (1994)

Glycoprotein C (gC) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2) binds the human complement fragment C3b, but the two proteins differ in their ability to bind C3b on infected cell surfaces. In addition, gC-1, but not gC-2, accelerates the decay of the alternative pathway C3 convertase, thereby affecting later steps of the complement cascade. Previously, we constructed linker insertion and deletion mutants of gC-1 and gC-2 and used transient transfection to express mutant proteins in uninfected cells. In spite of the differences between gC-1 and gC-2, C3b binding was localized to residues within the central portion of both proteins, encompassing the first four cysteines. For gC-1, deletion mutants lacking amino acids 33 to 123 or 367 to 469 or lacking both regions still bound C3b. We recombined these deleted forms of gC-1 into gC-39, an HSV-1 strain lacking the gC gene. The altered forms of gC-1 were incorporated into virions, expressed on the surface of infected cells, and bound C3b. We used these proteins to investigate the structural basis for the inhibitory action of gC-1 on the complement cascade. We found that gC-1 does not inhibit formation of the alternative pathway C3 convertase. This convertase is stabilized by the serum protein properdin. Purified gC-1, but not gC-2, inhibits the binding of properdin to C3b, suggesting that this destabilizes the convertase. The mutant lacking amino acids 367 to 449 was able to inhibit properdin binding to a limited extent when present at high concentrations, although it bound to C3b more weakly than wild-type gC. In contrast, the protein lacking amino acids 33 to 123 was unable to inhibit properdin binding to C3b. Thus, gC-1 contains two structural domains, one for C3b binding, residues 124 to 366, and another, residues 33 to 133, which interferes with properdin binding to C3b.
Radioimmunotherapy of a human lung cancer xenograft with monoclonal antibody RS7: evaluation of (177)Lu and comparison of its efficacy with that of (90)Y and residualizing (131)I. (2001)

(177)Lu-RS7 is an effective radioimmunoconjugate for radioimmunotherapy. With its radiophysical properties similar to those of (131)I, coupled with its facile and stable attachment to mAb, (177)Lu promises to be an alternative to (131)I, and a complement to (90)Y, in radioimmunotherapy.
Radically initiated polymerization of a methacryloylamido‐terminated saccharide, 2. Copolymerization with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (1997)

Abstract Kinetics of radically initiated copolymerization of 6‐deoxy‐6‐methacryloylamido‐ D ‐glucopyranose (MAG) with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was investigated at 60°C in water using 4,4′‐azobis(4‐cyanopentanoic acid) as initiator. Reactivity ratios of the binary system were determined to be r HEMA = 3.50 and r MAG = 0.60, indicating a strong copolymerization drift as polymerization proceeds. Copolymers with homogeneous composition were prepared using a simple and easy method based on the knowledge of the consumption rate of each monomer. These copolymers were then characterized with regard to composition (by 1 H NMR) and physicochemical properties in aqueous media (using SEC with MALLS and refractometry detection and viscosimetric measurements).