gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus syncytium formation and virus replication by castanospermine. (1987)

Castanospermine (1,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyoctahydroindolizine) is a plant alkaloid that modifies glycosylation by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase I. Castanospermine is shown to inhibit syncytium formation induced by the envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus and to inhibit viral replication. The decrease in syncytium formation in the presence of castanospermine can be attributed to inhibition of processing of the envelope precursor protein gp160, with resultant decreased cell surface expression of the mature envelope glycoprotein gp120. In addition, castanospermine may cause defects in steps involved in membrane fusion after binding of CD4 antigen. The antiviral effects of castanospermine may be due to modifications of the envelope glycoprotein that affect the ability of the virus to enter cells after attachment to the CD4 cell receptor.
Hormones in Dairy Foods and Their Impact on Public Health - A Narrative Review Article. (2015)

Our gathered data in this review paper may suggest more sophisticate analytical detection methods for oestrogens determination and also could be considered as a remarkable concern for consumers, producers and public health authorities.
Teneurin-4 Is a Novel Regulator of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination of Small-Diameter Axons in the CNS (2012)

Myelination is essential for proper functioning of the CNS. In this study, we have identified a mouse mutation, designated furue, which causes tremors and hypomyelination in the CNS, particularly in the spinal cord, but not in the sciatic nerve of the PNS. In the spinal cord of the furue mice, myelination of small-diameter axons was dramatically reduced, and differentiation of oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells in the CNS, was inhibited. We subsequently found that the furue mutation was associated with a transgene insertion into the teneurin-4 (Ten-4, Ten-m4/Odz4) gene, encoding a transmembrane protein of unknown function. Ten-4 was strongly expressed in the spinal cord of wild-type mice and was induced during normal oligodendrocyte differentiation. In contrast, in the furue mice, the expression of Ten-4 was absent. Differentiation and cellular process formation of oligodendrocytes were inhibited in primary cell culture from the furue mice. Cell differentiation and process formation were also inhibited in the oligodendrocyte progenitor cell line CG-4 after suppression of Ten-4 expression by shRNA. Furthermore, Ten-4 positively regulated focal adhesion kinase, an essential signaling molecule for oligodendrocyte process formation and myelination of small-diameter axons. These findings suggest that Ten-4 is a novel regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation and that it plays a critical role in the myelination of small-diameter axons in the CNS.
First structurally confirmed example of the formation of a gold(iii) carbon bond via transmetallation with a boroxine (2011)

Cyclometallated gold(III) complexes containing functionalised (2-dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl ligands have been prepared by transmetallation from boroxines to sodium tetrachloroaurate.
Abstract 3540: A complete solution for high throughput single cell targeted multiomic DNA and RNA sequencing for cancer research (2019)

Abstract Recent advancements in single cell analysis technologies are now able to provide insights into genomic DNA content, RNA expression and protein surface markers. In bulk assays, the effect of genetic variation on gene expression would be masked by the heterogeneity inherent in tumor cells. Additionally, for cancer immunotherapy studies that rely on gene editing, single cell resolution is necessary to minimize possible off target effects. However, the ability to simultaneously interrogate multiple intracellular analytes, such as genomic DNA and RNA, have proved difficult to implement in a high throughput single cell workflow. We report the development of a complete solution that enables both targeted genomic DNA and RNA sequencing from individual cells. This workflow relies on the Tapestri microfluidic droplet platform, where up to 20,000 cells can be sequenced in each run. Leveraging proprietary cell barcoding, novel primer design strategies and enzymatic manipulation of cellular contents, DNA and RNA multiplex targeted sequencing panels provide for independent barcoded sequence information from both overlapping mRNA and corresponding genomic DNA regions. In addition, amplification primers can be designed to target separate gDNA and non-overlapping RNA transcript. Sequencing is followed by an integrated analysis solution that assigns the reads from both the gDNA and RNA to each cell. Feasibility of the targeted nucleic acid workflow has been shown with inputs from mixed cancer cell lines. A targeted sequencing panel with overlapping mRNA and gDNA regions was designed covering oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and known fusions. Expected SNVs and indels were detected and gene expression measured for thousands of cells per run with high cell recovery. This complete solution for single cell multiomics on the Tapestri platform has the power to quantitatively and unambiguously link genotypic and phenotypic data, giving insight into cancer progression. Citation Format: Dalia Dhingra, Kaustubh Gokhale, Nianzhen Li, Pedro Mendez, Shu Wang, Manimozhi Manivannan, Adam Sciambi, Keith Jones, Charlie Silver, Dennis Eastburn, David Ruff. A complete solution for high throughput single cell targeted multiomic DNA and RNA sequencing for cancer research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3540.
Antitumor anthracycline antibiotics, aclacinomycin A and analogues. I. Taxonomy, production, isolation and physicochemical properties. (1979)

Aclacinomycin A and B, two major components of a new antitumor antibiotic complex, and their 19 analogues were produced by a culture of strain No. MA144-M1, which was identified as Streptomyces galilaeus. They were isolated by chelation with copper ion and silicic acid chromatography, and characterized by physicochemical methods in the anthracycline group of antibiotics.
Observation and Characterization of Cellulose Pyrolysis Intermediates by13C CPMAS NMR. A New Mechanistic Model (2003)

The composition of char from heated Avicel cellulose was monitored as a function of heating time and temperature, using 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR. Complex NMR line shapes observed in the carbohydrate region of the spectra are indicative of the presence of multiple carbohydrate forms. By successive spectral subtractions of the 300 °C pyrolysis char, the complex line shapes were separated into three distinct carbohydrate components that correspond to the crystalline cellulose starting material (SM), an intermediate cellulose (IC) that resembles a low degree-of-polymerization (low-DP) amorphous cellulose, and a disordered final carbohydrate (FC) that is characterized by a very broad 13C line width. Curve fitting was used to monitor the changes in the approximate abundance of these different carbohydrate forms relative to the aliphatic, aromatic, carboxyl, and ketone clusters of compounds of the char. The time evolution of the IC, together with its spectral line shapes, associate this component with the “active cellulose” intermediate that has long been postulated in many kinetic mechanisms for cellulose pyrolysis. After a heating period of 30 min, FC was the only remaining carbohydrate component. When subjected to prolonged heating, FC converted to aromatic carbons but not to aliphatic carbons, with little or no loss in char mass. This property distinguishes the FC as a char component that has not previously been recognized. Pyrolyses of cellulose with 1% K+ as KCl, and of pectin at 300 °C and cellulose at 350 °C were also performed. Evaluation of the combined data led to a new model for low-temperature cellulose pyrolysis. In this model, all char products are formed from IC, with FC being capable of forming aromatic carbon.
Evolution of Copper-Oxide Damascene Structures in Chemical Mechanical Polishing : I. Contact Mechanics Modeling (2001)

Nonplanarity arising from the chemical mechanical polishing of Cu-oxide damascene structures results in the exposure field (die-size) being partially out of focus in the subsequent lithography process. Thus the corresponding mechanisms of within-die polishing must be determined and the within-die nonplanarity due to polishing needs to be minimized to increase the process yield. In this paper, contact mechanics models were developed to explain the role of pattern geometry on the variation of material removal rate. The effects of Cu linewidth, area fraction, and the elastic properties of the polishing pad on pad displacement into low features were examined to focus on the mechanical aspects of the process. The pressure distribution on the high features was determined and the rate of pattern planarization was quantified. Experiments on patterned Cu wafers were conducted to verify the model. Based on these results, the planarization and polishing behavior and the within-die nonplanarity due to the variation of pattern geometry were discussed. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Cell-adhesion molecule uvomorulin is localized in the intermediate junctions of adult intestinal epithelial cells. (1985)

Uvomorulin is a cell-adhesion molecule implicated in the compaction process of mouse preimplantation embryos and the aggregation of embryonal carcinoma cells. A rabbit antiserum against purified uvomorulin also reacts with epithelial cells of various adult tissues. In this study, we investigated the localization of uvomorulin on adult intestinal epithelial cells using electron microscopic analyses. Uvomorulin was shown to exhibit a highly restricted localization in the intermediate junctions of these cells. The results are discussed with respect to a possible adhesive function of uvomorulin on intestinal epithelial cells.
The Multi-faceted Ecto-enzyme CD38: Roles in Immunomodulation, Cancer, Aging, and Metabolic Diseases (2019)

CD38 (Cluster of Differentiation 38) is a multifunctional ecto-enzyme that metabolizes NAD+ and mediates nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD+) and extracellular nucleotide homeostasis as well as intracellular calcium. CD38 is also an emerging therapeutic target under conditions in which metabolism is altered including infection, aging, and tumorigenesis. We describe multiple enzymatic activities of CD38, which may explain the breadth of biological roles observed for this enzyme. Of greatest significance is the role of CD38 as an ecto-enzyme capable of modulating extracellular NAD+ precursor availability: 1 to bacteria unable to perform de novo synthesis of NAD+; and 2 in aged parenchyma impacted by the accumulation of immune cells during the process of 'inflammaging'. We also discuss the paradoxical role of CD38 as a modulator of intracellular NAD+, particularly in tumor immunity. Finally, we provide a summary of therapeutic approaches to CD38 inhibition and 'NAD+ boosting' for treatment of metabolic dysfunction observed during aging and in tumor immunity. The present review summarizes the role of CD38 in nicotinamide nucleotide homeostasis with special emphasis on the role of CD38 as an immunomodulator and druggable target.
Reduced expression of proapoptotic gene BAX is associated with poor response rates to combination chemotherapy and shorter survival in women with metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. (1995)

Bax is a homologue of Bcl-2 that promotes apoptosis. Bax protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemical methods in primary tumors derived from 119 women with metastatic breast cancer. These patients had received combination chemotherapy either with a once a month dosage schedule or in 4 weekly divided doses. The BAX immunostaining results were retrospectively compared with overall survival, time to tumor progression (TTP), and response, as well as several laboratory markers. Normal breast epithelium and in situ carcinomas immunostained positively for Bax. Marked reductions in Bax immunostaining were observed in 40 (34%) of 119 evaluable tumors. Reduced Bax correlated with shorter overall survival (median, 8.1 versus 15.7 months; P = 0.04), faster TTP (median, 2.0 versus 6.3 months; P = 0.009), and failure to respond (complete response, partial responses; 6% versus 42%, P = 0.01) in the subgroup of patients who received divided dose therapy. Reduced Bax immunostaining was not significant in the monthly dose group. When the two groups were combined, however, reduced Bax was significantly correlated in univariate analysis with failure to respond (21 versus 43% achieving complete response or partial response; P = 0.02), faster TTP (median, 3.7 versus 9.0 months; P = 0.02), and shorter survival (median, 10.7 versus 17.1 months; P = 0.04). Bax immunostaining was not significantly correlated with tumor histology, S-phase fraction, aneuploidy, p53 HER2, or cathepsin D, but was positively associated with Bcl-2 (P = 0.005). In multivariate analysis (Bax, tumor grade, and treatment group), reduced Bax was strongly associated with faster TTP (P approximately equal to 0.009) and shorter survival (P approximately equal to 0.001). Although highly preliminary, the finding suggest that loss of Bax immunostaining represents a novel prognostic indicator of poor response to chemotherapy and shorter survival in women with metastatic breast cancer, and raise the possibility that the subgroup of women with Bax-negative tumors may benefit from more aggressive therapy.
Purification and characterization of heparinase from Flavobacterium heparinum. (1985)

Heparinase (EC 4.2.2.7) isolated from Flavobacterium heparinum was purified to homogeneity by a combination of hydroxylapatite chromatography, repeated gel filtration chromatography, and chromatofocusing. Homogeneity was established by the presence of a single band on both sodium dodecyl sulfate and acid-urea gel electrophoretic systems. Amino acid analysis shows that the enzyme contains relatively high amounts of lysine residues (9%) consistent with its cationic nature (pI 8.5) but contains only 4 cysteine residues/polypeptide. The molecular weight of heparinase was estimated to be 42,900 +/- 1,000 daltons by gel filtration and 42,700 +/- 1,200 daltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme is very specific, acting only on heparin and heparan monosulfate out of 12 similar polysaccharide substrates tested. It has an activity maximum at pH 6.5 and 0.1 M NaCl and a stability maximum at pH 7.0 and 0.15 M NaCl. The Arrhenius activation energy was found to be 6.3 kcal/mol. However, the enzyme is very sensitive to thermal denaturation and loses activity very rapidly at temperatures over 40 degrees C. Kinetic studies of the heparinase reaction at 37 degrees C gave a Km of 8.04 X 10(-6) M and a Vm of 9.85 X 10(-5) M/min at a protein concentration of 0.5 microgram/ml. By adapting batch procedures of hydroxylapatite and QAE (quaternary aminoethyl)-Sephadex chromatography, gram quantities of heparinase that is nearly free of catalytic enzyme contaminants can be purified in 4-5 h.
Understanding the Role of Ni in Stabilizing the Lithium-Rich High-Capacity Cathode Material Li[NixLi(1–2x)/3Mn(2–x)/3]O2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) (2014)

The lithium-rich high-capacity cathode material Li[NixLi(1–2x)/3Mn(2–x)/3]O2 was investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to understand the role of Ni in the lithium-rich layered line in the pseudoternary system. The electronic structural changes that occur at different charged states were examined with soft XAS to understand the role of the secondary transition metal in controlling the stability. The Mn LII,III-edges reveal a relationship between Ni and the degree of structural transformation after the first cycle. Close examination of Li2MnO3 shows that Mn changes its oxidation state slightly during charging; however, there is a more dramatic change upon reduction from 4+ to a value close to 3+ at discharge, where it participates in the subsequent charge-compensation mechanism. The Ni LII,III-edges reveal that nickel acts as a stabilizer preventing the complete transformation of Mn by substitution reduction that is thought to couple with the anionic redox couple during the extended oxygen-activation plateau. The O K-edge reveals that loss of stability might be related to diminished d–sp hybridization occurring after oxygen activation, which is improved by the incorporation of nickel as a stabilizing agent. These findings clarify the complex relationships among nickel, manganese, and oxygen within lithium-rich high-capacity cathode materials in controlling stability while simultaneously obtaining high capacities exceeding 250 mA·h/g.
Identification of Cell Surface Proteins for Antibody-Based Selection of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes (2010)

The absence of identified cell surface proteins and corresponding antibodies to most differentiated derivatives of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has largely limited selection of specific cell types from mixed cell populations to genetic approaches. Here, we describe the use of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics on cell membrane proteins isolated from hESCs that were differentiated into cardiomyocytes to identify candidate proteins for this particular lineage. Quantitative MS distinguished cardiomyocyte-specific plasma membrane proteins that were highly enriched or detected only in cardiomyocytes derived from hESCs and human fetal hearts compared with a heterogeneous pool of hESC-derived differentiated cells. For several candidates, cardiomyocyte-specific expression and cell surface localization were verified by conventional antibody-based methodologies. Using an antibody against elastin microfibril interfacer 2 (EMILIN2), we demonstrate that cardiomyocytes can be sorted from live cell populations. Besides showing that MS-based membrane proteomics is a powerful tool to identify candidate proteins that allow purification of specific cell lineages from heterogeneous populations, this approach generated a plasma membrane proteome profile suggesting signaling pathways that control cell behavior.
Near-Optimal Waveform Design for Sum Rate Optimization in Time-Reversal Multiuser Downlink Systems (2012)

Utilizing channel reciprocity, the traditional time-reversal technique boosts the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver with very low transmitter complexity. However, the large delay spread gives rise to severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) when the data rate is high, and the achievable transmission rate is further degraded in the multiuser downlink due to the inter-user interference (IUI). In this work, we study the weighted sum rate optimization problem by means of waveform design in the time-reversal multiuser downlink where the receiver processing is based on a single sample. Power allocation has a significant impact on the waveform design problem. We propose a new power allocation algorithm named Iterative SINR Waterfilling, which is able to achieve comparable sum rate performance to that of globally optimal power allocation. We further propose another approach called Iterative Power Waterfilling for multiple data streams. Iterative SINR Waterfilling provides better performance than Iterative Power Waterfilling in the scenario of high interference, while Iterative Power Waterfilling can work under multiple data streams. Simulation results show the superior performance of the proposed algorithms in comparison with other waveform designs such as zero-forcing and conventional time-reversal waveform.
Nosocomial Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea Associated with Enterotoxin-Producing Strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (2005)

Our findings provide evidence that enterotoxin-producing strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus may cause nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Greater recognition of this disease should result in more rapid and appropriate treatment of affected patients.
Synthesis of zero index of refraction metamaterials via frequency-selective surfaces using genetic algorithms (2005)

The paper presents a novel technique for the synthesis of thin, planar, low-loss, easily-realizable materials which exhibit a low or near zero index of refraction. These zero index metamaterials (ZIM) are realized via frequency-selective surfaces (FSS), the parameters of which are determined by a genetic algorithm in response to specific design goals, such as frequency of operation, refractive index, and amount of loss. Potential uses for these new zero index materials include superstrates or substrates for focusing the radiation patterns of microstrip antennas, signal phase manipulation and equalization, and other imaging applications. A design example is presented which achieves ℜ{n}=-0.36 and a transmission loss of only 3.5 dB at 10 GHz, while remaining simple to fabricate and interface to a printed-circuit microstrip patch antenna. This technique is an offshoot of current research into the use of genetically-optimized planar FSS to realize materials with a negative index of refraction.
N‐Tetrahydroquinolinyl, N‐Quinolinyl and N‐Isoquinolinyl Biaryl Carboxamides as Antagonists of TRPV1. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Theoretical Screening of Ionic Liquid Solvents for Carbon Capture (2009)

A computational approach that accurately computes CO2 solubilities in ionic liquid solvents is described. A large number of solvents are screened for efficient dissolution of CO2. The approach yields an excellent agreement (within 10–15 %) with recent solubility measurements over a range of temperatures and gas pressures of practical interest. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.