gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Approximate String Joins Using Grams (2007)

Approximate join is an important part of many data cleaning and integration methodologies. Various similarity measures have been proposed for accurate and efficient matching of string attributes. The accuracy of the similarity measures highly depends on the characteristics of the data such as amount and type of the errors and length of the strings. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in using methods based on q-grams (substrings of length q) made out of the strings, mainly due to their high efficiency. In this work, we evaluate the accuracy of the similarity measures used in these methodologies. We present an overview of several similarity measures based on q-grams. We then thoroughly compare their accuracy on several datasets with different characteristics. Since the efficiency of approximate joins depend on the similarity threshold they use, we study how the value of the threshold (including values used in recent performance studies) effects the accuracy of the join. We also compare different measures based on the highest accuracy they can gain on different datasets.
Structural Proteins of Mammalian Oncogenic RNA Viruses: Murine Leukemia Virus Neutralization by Antisera Prepared Against Purified Envelope Glycoprotein (1974)

Goat and rabbit antisera prepared against a purified Rauscher murine leukemia virus glycoprotein (gp69/71) rapidly neutralized spleen focus-forming virus in Rauscher and Friend virus preparations. Absorption studies revealed that most of the neutralizing activity of goat anti-Rauscher virus gp69/71 serum was directed against type- and group-specific determinants.
Extreme ultraviolet lithography (1998)

An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography tool using 13.4 nm radiation is being developed by a consortium of integrated circuit (IC) manufacturers to support 100 nm imaging for integrated circuit production. The 4×, 0.1 NA alpha tool has a &amp;gt;1 μm depth of focus, all reflective optics, a xenon laser plasma source, and robust reflective masks. The technology is expected to support feature scaling down to 30 nm.
Lead induced oxidative stress and its recovery following co-administration of melatonin or N-acetylcysteine during chelation with succimer in male rats. (2004)

Lead is a ubiquitous element in the environment causing oxidative burst in the exposed individuals leading to tissue damage. Antioxidants have long been known to reduce the free radical-mediated oxidative stress while, thiol chelators have been used to treat arsenic toxicity. The therapeutic efficacy of melatonin or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was studied in the present study, both individually and in combination with a potent thiol-chelating agent, meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), in reducing lead concentration in blood and other soft tissues. Their ability to restore altered haematopoietic, hepatic and other biochemical variables indicative of tissue oxidative stress in male rats was also investigated. Administration of melatonin and NAC individually, provided significant protection to lead induced disturbed antioxidant defense that may significantly compromise normal cellular function. Administration of melatonin and NAC also provided a significant protection to thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) contents in tissues, suggesting their ability to act as a free radical scavenger and in protecting cells against toxic insult. NAC, a thiol containing antioxidant, has been used under several clinical conditions with few adverse side effects. It has a high toxicity threshold and its wide therapeutic window enhances its utility. The antioxidant action of NAC is due to its ability to interact with reactive oxygen species (ROS) or its ability to stimulate endogenous glutathione (GSH) synthesis. DMSA, on the other hand when given alone, provided significant recovery in restoring the altered lead sensitive biochemical indices like blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), beside increasing urinary lead excretion and decreasing lead concentration in blood and soft tissues. Interestingly, combined treatment of DMSA and NAC provided more pronounced efficacy in restoring altered biochemical variables and in reducing body lead burden than monotherapy with DMSA. The results thus, suggest the involvement of ROS in lead toxicity and a pronounced beneficial role of NAC in therapeutic implications of lead poisoning when co-administered with a thiol chelator (DMSA) supporting the hypothesis that cellular redox status may be significantly reversed by utilizing a thiol containing antioxidant compound. It can be concluded that, combined therapy with an antioxidant moiety and a thiol-chelating agent may be a better choice for treating plumbism.
ViteraaS: Virtual Cluster as a Service (2011)

The idea behind cloud computing is to deliver Infrastructure-, Platform- and Software-as-a-Service (IaaS, PaaS and SaaS) over the network on an easy pay-per-use business model. In this paper, we present our work, Virtual Cluster as a Service (ViteraaS), that provides on-demand high performance computing for research projects, and e-Learning and teaching purposes in a private cloud. Moreover, ViteraaS can be extended to use Amazon's public cloud infrastructure as needed. ViteraaS can be categorized as PaaS that leverages Open Nebula, a virtual infrastructure manager, to dynamically create a cluster of virtual machines (VMs) on idle resources or dedicated servers. In addition, ViteraaS is integrated within the university's existing IT infrastructure like Single Sign-On for seamless authentication and authorization. Finally, a Quality of Service monitoring module is used by ViteraaS to monitor the performance and status of these VMs.
Four-channel high-density optical FDM add-drop multiplexing filter for use in ring networks (1994)

Recently, interest has been growing in frequency-division-multiplexed (FDM) ring networks that use optical add-drop multiplexers (ADMs) at each node to add and remove optical signals of a particular wavelength to and from the. many wavelength channels flowing through the ring fiber network.1 Such networks can be expected to achieve efficient use of the fiber bandwidth while minimizing the amount of fiber installation required in order to interconnect all the nodes in the network.
[Oxidative dehalogenation of 2-chloro- and 2,4-dichlorobenzoates by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. (1994)

The strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa 142 isolated from the utilising PSBs bacterial association was capable of growth on 2-chloro- and 2,4-dichlorobenzoates as sole carbon sources, but it did not utilize 3-Cl, 4-Cl, 3,5-diCl- and 2,6-dichlorobenzoates. P. aeruginosa 142 dehalogenated 2-Cl-, 2,4-diCl- and 2,5-dichlorobenzoates in aerobic conditions. The release of chloride was not observed in microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions. The activities of catechol-1,2-dioxygenase and 4-chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase were found in cell extracts after growth of this strain on 2,4-dichlorobenzoate. The presented results suggested that oxidative release of chloride in ortho-position is the first step of metabolism of 2-Cl-, 2,4-diCl- and 2,5-dichlorobenzoates. The further splitting of corresponding catechols is carried out by ortho-pathway.
K252a is a selective inhibitor of the tyrosine protein kinase activity of the trk family of oncogenes and neurotrophin receptors. (1992)

K252a, an efficient serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor (IC50s of 10 to 30 nM), has been shown to block the neuronal differentiation of rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). In this report, we demonstrate that K252a is a potent inhibitor (IC50 of 3 nM) of the tyrosine protein kinase activity of the NGF receptor gp140trk, the product of the trk protooncogene. K252a also inhibits the kinase activity of its transforming alleles, the trk oncogenes, and of the related neurotrophin receptors gp145trkB and gp145trkC, the products of the other known members of the trk gene family, trkB and trkC. In contrast, K252a has no effect (even at micromolar concentrations) on other tyrosine protein kinases such as the receptors for EGF and PDGF and the products of the v-src and v-fms oncogenes. In addition, K252a rapidly reverts the transformed phenotype of NIH3T3 cells transformed by either autocrine stimulation of the trk family of receptors by their cognate ligands or by expression of trk oncogenes isolated from human tumors. The selectivity of K252a for the catalytic activity of the trk family of kinases should help to establish the structural basis for the rational design of highly specific tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors.
Non-glucocorticoid receptor-mediated effects of the potent glucocorticoid deacylcortivazol. (1982)

Deacylcortivazol (DAC), a potent glucocorticoid, contains a phenyl-pyrazole moiety fused to the 2--3 position of the traditional steroid nucleus. When incubated with glucocorticoid-resistant mutants derived from the glucocorticoid-sensitive human leukemic cell line CEM-C7, DAC caused significant growth inhibition. However, this effect required 1 microM DAC, a concentration 50 times higher than that necessary for glucocorticoid receptor saturation. Cytotoxicity was observed in both mutants containing high-affinity glucocorticoid receptors defective in nuclear translocation and a mutant completely devoid of receptors. Further, in dexamethasone-resistant clones, DAC elicited only marginal increases in the activity of the glucocorticoid-inducible enzyme glutamine synthetase. Clones resistant to high concentrations of DAC could not be directly isolated from CEM-C7. However, stable DAC-resistant clones could be isolated from dexamethasone-resistant subclones of CEM-C7 with a frequency of 1 to 8 x 10(-4). These data are consistent with resistance to DAC being acquired in a two-step process. Our results suggest that the cytotoxicity of DAC at concentrations higher than necessary for glucocorticoid receptor saturation is not mediated by glucocorticoid receptors. Thus, DAC may be a bifunctional compound having both steroid receptor-mediated and receptor-independent cytotoxicity.
Decompensated Heart Failure Is Associated With Reduced Corin Levels and Decreased Cleavage of Pro–Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (2011)

Taken together, these data suggest that there may be patients for whom low corin levels and impaired pro-ANP cleavage contribute to acute decompensation.
Polyelectrolyte Multilayers, an Overview (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Why is the Nanoscale so Interesting From Self-Assembly to Directed Assembly The Layer-by-Layer Deposition Technique LbL Deposition is the Synthesis of Polydisperse Supramolecular Objects Reproducibility and Deposition Conditions Monitoring Multilayer Buildup Multilayers by Solution Dipping, Spraying or Spin Coating Post-preparation Treatment of Multilayer Films Multilayer Structure The Zone Model for Polyelectrolyte Films Layered or Amorphous: What Makes Multilayers Unique Supramolecular Species? Soft and Rigid Materials Deviation from Linear Growth Behaviour Multimaterial Films Toward Compartmentalized Films: Barrier Layers and Nanoreactors Commercial Applications
Human antibody expression in transgenic rats: Comparison of chimeric IgH loci with human VH, D and JH but bearing different rat C-gene regions (2013)

Expression of human antibody repertoires in transgenic animals has been accomplished by introducing large human Ig loci into mice and, more recently, a chimeric IgH locus into rats. With human VH, D and JH genes linked to the rat C-region antibody expression was significantly increased, similar to wild-type levels not found with fully human constructs. Here we compare four rat-lines containing the same human VH-region (comprising 22 VHs, all Ds and all JHs in natural configuration) but linked to different rat CH-genes and regulatory sequences. The endogenous IgH locus was silenced by zinc-finger nucleases. After breeding, all lines produced exclusively chimeric human H-chain with near normal IgM levels. However, in two lines poor IgG expression and inefficient immune responses were observed, implying that high expression, class-switching and hypermutation are linked to optimal enhancer function provided by the large regulatory region at the 3' end of the IgH locus. Furthermore, exclusion of Cδ and its downstream interval region may assist recombination. Highly diverse IgG and immune responses similar to normal rats were identified in two strains carrying diverse and differently spaced C-genes.
CRISPR adaptive immune systems of Archaea (2014)

CRISPR adaptive immune systems were analyzed for all available completed genomes of archaea, which included representatives of each of the main archaeal phyla. Initially, all proteins encoded within, and proximal to, CRISPR-cas loci were clustered and analyzed using a profile-profile approach. Then cas genes were assigned to gene cassettes and to functional modules for adaptation and interference. CRISPR systems were then classified primarily on the basis of their concatenated Cas protein sequences and gene synteny of the interference modules. With few exceptions, they could be assigned to the universal Type I or Type III systems. For Type I, subtypes I-A, I-B, and I-D dominate but the data support the division of subtype I-B into two subtypes, designated I-B and I-G. About 70% of the Type III systems fall into the universal subtypes III-A and III-B but the remainder, some of which are phyla-specific, diverge significantly in Cas protein sequences, and/or gene synteny, and they are classified separately. Furthermore, a few CRISPR systems that could not be assigned to Type I or Type III are categorized as variant systems. Criteria are presented for assigning newly sequenced archaeal CRISPR systems to the different subtypes. Several accessory proteins were identified that show a specific gene linkage, especially to Type III interference modules, and these may be cofunctional with the CRISPR systems. Evidence is presented for extensive exchange having occurred between adaptation and interference modules of different archaeal CRISPR systems, indicating the wide compatibility of the functionally diverse interference complexes with the relatively conserved adaptation modules.
Modulatory Effect of Cortical Activation on the Lemniscal Auditory Thalamus of the Guinea Pig (2002)

In the present study, we investigated the point-to-point modulatory effects from the auditory cortex to the thalamus in the guinea pig. Corticofugal modulation on thalamic neurons was studied by electrical activation of the auditory cortex. The modulation effect was sampled along the frontal or sagittal planes of the auditory thalamus, focusing on the ventral division (MGv) of the medial geniculate body (MGB). Electrical activation was targeted at the anterior and dorsocaudal auditory fields, to which the MGv projects and from which it assumptively receives reciprocal projections. Of the 101 MGv neurons examined by activation of the auditory cortex through passing pulse trains of 100-200 microA current into one after another of the three implanted electrodes (101 neurons x 3 stimulation sites = 303 cases), 208 cases showed a facilitatory effect, 85 showed no effect, and only 10 cases (7 neurons) showed an inhibitory effect. Among the cases of facilitation, 63 cases showed a facilitatory effect >100%, and 145 cases showed a facilitatory effect from 20-100%. The corticofugal modulatory effect on the MGv of the guinea pig showed a widespread, strong facilitatory effect and very little inhibitory effect. The MGv neurons showed the greatest facilitations to stimulation by the cortical sites, with the closest correspondence in BF. Six of seven neurons showed an elevation of the rate-frequency functions when the auditory cortex was activated. The comparative results of the corticofugal modulatory effects on the MGv of the guinea pig and the cat, together with anatomical findings, hint that the strong facilitatory effect is generated through the strong corticothalamic direct connection and that the weak inhibitory effect might be mainly generated via the interneurons of the MGv. The temporal firing pattern of neuronal response to auditory stimulus was also modulated by cortical stimulation. The mean first-spike latency increased significantly from 15.7 +/- 5.3 ms with only noise-burst stimulus to 18.3 +/- 4.9 ms (n = 5, P < 0.01, paired t-test), while the auditory cortex was activated with a train of 10 pulses. Taking these results together with those of previous experiments conducted on the cat, we speculate that the relatively weaker inhibitory effect compared with that in the cat could be due to the smaller number of interneurons in the guinea pig MGB. The corticofugal modulation of the firing pattern of the thalamic neurons might enable single neurons to encode more auditory information using not only the firing rate but also the firing pattern.
The Cystine-Knot Growth-Factor Superfamily (1995)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
New planetary nebulae in the Large Magellanic Cloud. (1992)

A catalogue of 86 planetary nebula candidates in the Large Magellanic Cloud, newly identified on prism plates taken with the UK 1.2 m Schmidt Telescope, is presented. Coordinates and finding charts are given
Dual-mode ultrasound arrays for image-guided targeting of atheromatous plaques (2012)

A feasibility study was undertaken in order to investigate alternative noninvasive treatment options for atherosclerosis. In particular, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of Dual-Mode Ultrasound Arrays (DMUAs) for image guided treatment of atheromatous plaques. DMUAs offer a unique treatment paradigm for image-guided surgery allowing for robust image-based identification of tissue targets for localized application of HIFU. In this study we present imaging and therapeutic results form a 3.5 MHz, 64-element fenestrated prototype DMUA for targeting lesions in the femoral artery of familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) swine. Before treatment, diagnostic ultrasound was used to verify the presence of plaque in the femoral artery of the swine. Images obtained with the DMUA and a diagnostic (HST 15-8) transducer housed in the fenestration were analyzed and used for guidance in targeting of the plaque. Discrete therapeutic shots with an estimated focal intensity of 4000-5600 W/cm2 and 500-2000 msec duration were performed at several planes in the plaque. During therapy, pulsed HIFU was interleaved with single transmit focus imaging from the DMUA and M2D imaging from the diagnostic transducer for further analysis of lesion formation. After therapy, the swine's were recovered and later sacrificed after 4 and 7 days for histological analysis of lesion formation. At sacrifice, the lower half of the swine was perfused and the femoral artery with adjoining muscle was fixed and stained with H&E to characterize HIFU-induced lesions. Histology has confirmed that localized thermal lesion formation within the plaque was achieved according to the planned lesion maps. Furthermore, the damage was confined to the plaque tissue without damage to the intima. These results offer the promise of a new treatment potentially suited for vulnerable plaques. The results also provide the first real-time demonstration of DMUA technology in targeting fine tissue structures for precise lesion formation in the presence or arterial pulsation and tissue motion. In this paper, we show results from targeting both proximal and distal sides of the vessel wall with a series of 5 - 7 discrete shots in each plane (typically three planes per plaque). Experiments to demonstrate a full treatment forming contiguous lesion within the target plaque are currently underway.
Affinity, specificity and T-cell-receptor diversity of melanoma-specific CTL generatedin vitro against a single tyrosinase epitope (1997)

MHC-class-I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for tumor-associated antigens expressed by malignant cells are important components of the immune response against cancer. Recently, tumor-specific CTL could be generated in vitro, with responding lymphocytes from the blood of healthy blood donors. In the present study, we confirm that peptide-specific stimulation in vitro can induce high-affinity CTL capable of recognizing tumor cells expressing the appropriate tumor antigen. These tyrosinase-specific CTL display a restricted usage of TCRAV and TCRBV gene segments but of diverse CDR3 regions, resulting in a distinct fine-specificity for each CTL clone. This suggests that, similar to in vivo priming, peptide-pulsed APC are capable of stimulating a T-cell response in vitro expressing a limited TCR repertoire against autologous tumors. The generated CTL can recognize their target structure with high affinity, and this correlates in part with tumor-cell lysis. This methodology may be used to treat melanoma patients with infusion of ex vivo-induced and -expanded CTL.
Comparison of Antiplatelet Effects of Aspirin, Ticlopidine, or Their Combination After Stent Implantation (1998)

Our results demonstrate synergistic and accelerated platelet inhibitory effects of ticlopidine plus aspirin in patients after stent implantation compared with a monotherapy with either ticlopidine or aspirin alone.
鸽眼的保护屏障——瞬膜(1) (2006)

瞬膜是眼睛的保护屏障,由于瞬膜很薄,可以透光,因而鸟类可以透过它正常观察事物。无疑,鸟类在飞行时,瞬膜遮盖着角膜,就像摩托车手的护目镜,这对鸟类来说是称心如意的事情。别忘了,鸽子的翔速可以超过每小时 100km;如果双眼缺乏保护,真不知会出现怎样的情况?
A novel cognitive-psychology-based face-recognition system for improved identification rates for the problem of age-progression (2007)

This paper discusses the novel application of an idea rooted in cognitive psychology to face recognition (FR). This cognitive-psychology method adapted for FR is evaluated against the difficult problem of age-progression. The age-progression problem occurs when enrolled images used by the FR algorithm are younger, typically more than one year in difference, than the test (probe) image. A model of a phenomenon in cognitive psychology known as “own-race bias ” (ORB) is employed using Principle Components Analysis (PCA) as the face recognition engine. The ORB FR system has demonstrated performance gain of 200 % over the baseline technique of Eigenfaces on the MORPH Album 2 face database. Where the baseline system Eigen face FR (which has been described in [1]) had a rank-based identification rate of 23%, the ORB-based FR achieved rates in the mid 50%.
Gliadin Peptide P31-43 Localises to Endocytic Vesicles and Interferes with Their Maturation (2010)

P31-43 and P57-68 enter cells by endocytosis. Only P31-43 localises at the endocytic membranes and delays vesicle trafficking by interfering with Hrs-mediated maturation to late endosomes in cells and intestinal biopsies. Consequently, in P31-43-treated cells, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) activation is extended. This finding may explain the role played by gliadin peptides in inducing proliferation and other effects in enterocytes from CD biopsies.