gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
POTENT INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF [D-LEU6, DES-GLY-NH21Q]LHRH ETHYLAMIDE ON LH/hCG AND PRL TESTICULAR RECEPTOR LEVELS IN THE RAT (1977)

Injection of male rats with 40-200 ng of [D-Leu6, des-Gly-NH2(10)]LHRH ethylamide for 7 days caused a maximal 80% reduction of testicular LH/hCG receptor level with one injection per day being as efficient as 3 daily injections. A similar inhibitory effect was observed on testicular PRL receptors. Testis and seminal vesicle weight as well as plasma testosterone levels were also significantly reduced by this treatment. These data indicate that a LHRH agonist, when given at a relatively low dose, is capable of reducing testicular LH/hCG and PRL receptor levels as well as testicular function, the effect being probably mediated by increased endogenous gonadotropin secretion.
Depletion of atrial natriuretic peptide during longstanding atrial fibrillation (2004)

This review focuses on the relation between atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). ANP is produced by the atria secondary to atrial stretch. By causing atrial stretch, acute AF leads to an increase in plasma ANP concentration, which serves to normalize haemodynamics through natriuresis and vasodilation. However, data have been reported suggesting that prolonged AF, by inflicting structural atrial damage, is associated with a reduced capacity by the atria to produce ANP. An inverse relation was thus demonstrated between the duration of AF and plasma ANP concentration. In addition, a reduced ANP response to exercise has been shown to be predictive of unsuccessful cardioversion of AF to sinus rhythm. Finally, ANP has also been shown to predict outcome after a maze operation. Outcome was poor when preoperative plasma ANP concentration was low. Moreover, a high atrial collagen content, as a measure of atrial degeneration, correlated with low ANP. These data indicate that ANP may serve as a marker of atrial integrity, which may help in selecting AF patients for therapeutic interventions.
Regulation of Myostatin by Glucocorticoids After Thermal Injury (2001)

ABSTRACT Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle mass that may contribute to the muscle wasting observed in response to traumatic injury. The purpose of this study was to determine whether muscle myostatin mRNA abundance was altered by different traumatic insults and whether the change in myostatin was associated with alterations in insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I and IGF‐II mRNA in gastrocnemius, or the concentration of glucocorticoids in plasma. The abundance of myostatin mRNA was increased three‐ to fourfold in gastrocnemius 24 h after a 30% total body surface area burn injury. In contrast, neither the injection of endotoxin nor the induction of peritonitis significantly altered myostatin mRNA at the same time point. IGF‐I mRNA in muscle was decreased (40–60%) by all insults, whereas the abundance of IGF‐II mRNA was unaltered. The plasma concentration of corticosterone was increased approximately threefold after burn injury, was only transiently elevated after endotoxin, and was only mildly increased (25%) in septic rats at the time of sacrifice. Pretreatment with the type II glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 prevented the increased myostatin mRNA and decreased muscle protein content after burn. A single injection of dexamethasone in naive control animals increased muscle myostatin mRNA by 60% and 2.7‐fold at 4 h and 24 h, respectively. In contrast, pretreatment of burn rats with tumor necrosis factor binding protein (TNF BP ), which antagonizes the actions of this cytokine, failed to prevent the burn‐induced increase in myostatin mRNA or the loss of muscle protein. The results of this study indicate that thermal injury, but not endotoxin or sepsis, increases myostatin mRNA content. Moreover, the burn‐induced increase in myostatin appears to be largely mediated by the enhanced endogenous secretion of glucocorticoids and independent of changes in IGF‐I, IGF‐II, or TNF.
IFL1, a Gene Regulating Interfascicular Fiber Differentiation in Arabidopsis, Encodes a Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper Protein (1999)

Ruiqin Zhong, Zheng-Hua Ye, IFL1, a Gene Regulating Interfascicular Fiber Differentiation in Arabidopsis, Encodes a Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper Protein, The Plant Cell, Vol. 11, No. 11 (Nov., 1999), pp. 2139-2152
Dynamic channel allocation techniques using adaptive modulation and adaptive antennas (2001)

This article studies the impact of adaptive quadrature amplitude modulation (AQAM) on network performance when applied to a cellular network, using adaptive antennas in conjunction with both fixed channel allocation (FCA) and locally distributed dynamic channel allocation (DCA) schemes. The performance advantages of using adaptive modulation are investigated in terms of the overall network performance, mean transmitted power, and the average network throughput. Adaptive modulation allowed an extra 51% of users to be supported by an FCA 4-QAM network, while in conjunction with DCA, an additional 54% user capacity was attained.
New Biomarker Evidence of Oxidative DNA Damage in Whole Saliva From Clinically Healthy and Periodontally Diseased Individuals (2002)

In the present study, we evaluated for the first time 8-OHdG levels in whole saliva of patients with periodontitis and assessed changes after initial periodontal treatment. Our study indicated that 8-OHdG levels in saliva appear to reflect the status of periodontal health.
Coherent optical spectrum analyzer (2002)

We demonstrate coherent optical spectrum analysis with /spl sim/70-dB dynamic range based on a swept-tuned optical local oscillator and a coherent receiver operating in the 1.5-μm wavelength hand. Measurement principles are presented along with high-resolution measurements of distributed feedback laser spectra.
GLP-1 Receptor Stimulation Reduces Amyloid-β Peptide Accumulation and Cytotoxicity in Cellular and Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease (2010)

Type 2 (T2) diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with an increased incidence of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several pathological features are shared between diabetes and AD, including dysfunctional insulin signaling and a dysregulation of glucose metabolism. It has therefore been suggested that not only may the two conditions share specific molecular mechanisms but also that agents with proven efficacy in one may be useful against the other. Hence, the present study characterized the effects of a clinically approved long-acting analogue, exendin-4 (Ex-4), of the endogenous insulin releasing incretin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), on stress-induced toxicity in neuronal cultures and on amyloid-beta protein (Abeta) and tau levels in triple transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice with and without streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Ex-4 ameliorated the toxicity of Abeta and oxidative challenge in primary neuronal cultures and human SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration-dependent manner. When 11 to 12.5 month old female 3xTg AD mice were challenged with STZ or saline, and thereafter treated with a continuous subcutaneous infusion of Ex-4 or vehicle, Ex-4 ameliorated the diabetic effects of STZ in 3xTg-AD mice, elevating plasma insulin and lowering both plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Furthermore, brain levels of Abeta protein precursor and Abeta, which were elevated in STZ 3xTg-AD mice, were significantly reduced in Ex-4 treated mice. Brain tau levels were unaffected following STZ challenge, but showed a trend toward elevation that was absent following Ex-4 treatment. Together, these results suggest a potential value of Ex-4 in AD, particularly when associated with T2DM or glucose intolerance.
Modelo de Contexto para o Levantamento Colaborativo de Processos de Negócio (2013)

Collaborative and distributed business process elicitation may lead to a loss of quality and productivity in the construction of the business model if, in the moment of the interview, the analyst ignore relevant information obtained by other analysts. This paper proposes a context model that organizes information to be shared among analysts at the moment interviews are conducted. To validate the proposed model we conducted a case study that involved elicitation sessions and the use of a prototype of a support tool. We conclude that the application of the model using an elicitation tool is feasible, enabling knowledge sharing among analysts during the collaborative process elicitation, complementing the analyst's understanding, anticipating doubts, conflicts and ambiguities.
DNA Vaccines (1996)

The feasibility of using DNA as a treatment has been demonstrated in animal models, but clinical applications of this form of technology remain elusive. When gene therapy does come into wide medical use, it may be as a vaccine. Difficulties in developing vaccines against chronic infections with viral agents such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus, and hepatitis C virus are partly due to the poor immunogenicity of standard vaccines; these problems have spurred the development of new vaccine strategies that use DNA instead of protein.DNA vaccines contain the gene or genes for an antigenic portion . . .
Notch1 is a p53 target gene involved in human keratinocyte tumor suppression through negative regulation of ROCK1/2 and MRCKα kinases (2007)

Little is known about the regulation and function of the Notch1 gene in negative control of human tumors. Here we show that Notch1 gene expression and activity are substantially down-modulated in keratinocyte cancer cell lines and tumors, with expression of this gene being under p53 control in these cells. Genetic suppression of Notch signaling in primary human keratinocytes is sufficient, together with activated ras, to cause aggressive squamous cell carcinoma formation. Similar tumor-promoting effects are also caused by in vivo treatment of mice, grafted with keratinocytes expressing oncogenic ras alone, with a pharmacological inhibitor of endogenous Notch signaling. These effects are linked with a lesser commitment of keratinocytes to differentiation, an expansion of stem cell populations, and a mechanism involving up-regulation of ROCK1/2 and MRCKalpha kinases, two key effectors of small Rho GTPases previously implicated in neoplastic progression. Thus, the Notch1 gene is a p53 target with a role in human tumor suppression through negative regulation of Rho effectors.
Three-dimensional structure of bacterial luciferase from Vibrio harveyi at 2.4 .ANG. resolution (1995)

Luciferases are a class of enzymes that generate light in the visible spectrum. Luciferase from luminous marine bacteria is an alpha-beta heterodimer monooxygenase that catalyzes the oxidation of FMNH2 and a long-chain aliphatic aldehyde. The X-ray crystal structure of bacterial luciferase from Vibrio harveyi has been determined to 2.4 A resolution. The structure was solved by a combination of multiple isomorphous replacement and molecular averaging between the two heterodimers in the asymmetric unit. Each subunit folds into a (beta/alpha)8 barrel motif, and dimerization is mediated through a parallel four-helix bundle centered on a pseudo 2-fold axis that relates the structurally similar subunits. The vicinity of the active site has been identified on the alpha subunit by correlations with similar protein motifs and previous biochemical studies. The structure presented here represents the first molecular model of a bioluminescent enzyme.
The redox state of free nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide phosphate in the cytoplasm of rat liver (1969)

1. The concentrations of the oxidized and reduced substrates of the ;malic' enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) were measured in freeze-clamped rat livers. By assuming that the reactants of these dehydrogenase systems are at equilibrium in the cytoplasm the [free NADP(+)]/[free NADPH] ratio was calculated. The justification of the assumption is discussed. 2. The values of this ratio obtained under different nutritional conditions (well-fed, 48hr.-starved, fed with a low-carbohydrate diet, fed with a high-sucrose diet) were all of the same order of magnitude although characteristic changes occurred on varying the diet. The value of the ratio fell on starvation and on feeding with the low-carbohydrate diet and rose slightly on feeding with the high-sucrose diet. 3. The mean values of the ratio were calculated to be between 0.001 and 0.015, which is about 100000 times lower than the values of the cytoplasmic [free NAD(+)]/[free NADH] ratio. 4. The differences in the redox state of the two nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide couples can be explained on a simple physicochemical basis. The differences are the result of equilibria that are determined by the equilibrium constants of a number of highly active readily reversible dehydrogenases and transaminases and the concentrations of the substrates and products of these enzymes. 5. The decisive feature is the fact that the NAD and NADP couples share substrates. This sharing provides a link between the redox states of the two couples. 6. The application of the method of calculation to data published by Kraupp, Adler-Kastner, Niessner & Plank (1967), Goldberg, Passonneau & Lowry (1966) and Kauffman, Brown, Passonneau & Lowry (1968) shows that the redox states of the NAD and NADP couples in cardiac-muscle cytoplasm and in mouse-brain cytoplasm are of the same order as those in rat liver. 7. The determination of the equilibrium constant at 38 degrees , pH7.0 and I 0.25 (required for the calculation of the [free NADP(+)]/[free NADPH] ratio), gave a value of 3.44x10(-2)m for the ;malic' enzyme (with CO(2) rather than HCO(3) (-) as the reactant) and a value of 1.98x10(-2)m(-1) for glutathione reductase.
<title>Ocular partial-coherence tomography</title> (1996)

Partial coherence tomography (or optical coherence tomography) uses signals obtained with partial interferometry techniques to synthesize tomographic images. Being still under evolution this technique has already been successfully applied in the clinic. We discuss the underlying principles and present some results obtained at the fundus of the eye.
Integrated Clinical Experience with Tolerogenic Peptides (1997)

More than 2,000 patients have been dosed in the clinical development programs for Allervax Cat and Ragweed products in North America, Europe and Japan. Two peptides derived from Fel d 1 and three peptides derived from Amb a 1 were selected for clinical development following T cell epitope mapping of these major allergens. Clinical activity has been demonstrated in several dose regimens containing 75 and 750 microg of each component peptide given in 4-6 doses over 2-4 weeks. Greater activity has been seen with higher doses. Immediate hypersensitivity to treatment peptides is rarely seen and can be avoided through patient screening. A putative pathway resulting in histamine-mediated but IgE-independent allergic symptoms, similar in nature and severity to natural allergen exposure, has been identified in association with treatment. These manifestations are more pronounced in cat than ragweed allergy and are consistent with the respective diseases. When desired, the symptoms may be ameliorated with administration of H1 blockers prior to symptom appearance. The seasonal rise in allergen-specific IgE is blunted in association with therapy. Antigen-specific antibody levels (IgE and IgG), T cell primary proliferation and immediate skin test sensitivity will be followed in longer-term studies.
In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin, Arbekacin, Vancomycin, and Gentamicin Alone and/or in Combination against Glycopeptide Intermediate-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an Infection Model (2000)

Daptomycin, a lipopeptide antibiotic, has broad activity against gram-positive organisms, similar to vancomycin; however, its mechanism of action differs, resulting in interference with cell membrane transport and a more rapid bactericidal activity. In light of increasing need for alternative treatments against intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, there is revitalized interest in this antibiotic. We, therefore, evaluated the activity of daptomycin alone or in combination in an in vitro infection model against two glycopeptide intermediate-resistant S. aureus (GISA) isolates. Newly designed regimens of daptomycin at 4 and 6 mg/kg of body weight every 24 h (q24h) were compared to the previous regimen of 3 mg/kg q12h. Daptomycin MICs and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) (MIC/MBC) for Mu-50, HIP5836 (992), and MRSA-67 were 0.5/1.0, 0.5/1.0, and 0.125/0.5 microgram/ml, respectively. MICs and MBCs of arbekacin for the three strains were 2.0/8.0, 0. 125/0.5, and 0.125/0.25 microgram/ml, respectively. Vancomycin and gentamicin MICs and MBCs for the three strains were 8.0/8.0, 8.0/8.0, and 0.5/1.0 microgram/ml and 128/128, 0.5/1.0, and 0.25/0.5 microgram/ml, respectively. Our experience with daptomycin in an in vitro infection model has shown significant kill against the two GISA strains (Mu-50 and 992) (P < 0.03). We also noted that kill was related to a total dose effect for 992, in which simulated daptomycin in vivo dosages of 6 mg/kg q24h and 3 mg/kg q12h produced similar kill and 4 mg/kg q24h resulted in significant regrowth (P </= 0.05). Combination therapy with arbekacin resulted in synergistic activity against Mu-50. Daptomycin area under the concentration-time curve/MIC and C(max)/MIC ranges for GISA isolates were 80 to 116 and 6 to 12, respectively, and ranges for MRSA-67 were 320 to 461 and 24 to 48, respectively, and appeared to have an association with kill (i.e., decreased CFU/milliliter) at 24 and 48 h. Therefore, these experiments suggest that daptomycin alone or in combination could provide an alternative for the treatment of GISA.
Antidepressant Efficacy of Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: A Two-Site Randomized Controlled Trial (2013)

Ketamine demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects in an optimized study design, further supporting NMDA receptor modulation as a novel mechanism for accelerated improvement in severe and chronic forms of depression. More information on response durability and safety is required before implementation in clinical practice.
The Pathobiology of Collagens in Glioma (2013)

Malignant gliomas are characterized by a diffuse infiltration into the surrounding brain parenchyma. Infiltrating glioma cells exist in close proximity with components of the tumor microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix (ECM). Whereas levels of collagens in the normal adult brain are low, in glioma, collagen levels are elevated and play a vital role in driving tumor progression. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the nature of collagens found in gliomas and offers unique insight into the mechanisms by which cancer cells interact with this ECM via cellular factors such as integrins, discoidin domain receptors, and mannose receptors. Also discussed are the major remodeling pathways of brain tumor collagen, mediated primarily by matrix metalloproteinases, and the reciprocal relationship between these enzymes and the collagen receptors. Finally, a concluding perspective is offered on how the biophysical properties of the collagen ECM, in particular, mechanical stiffness and compliance, influence malignant outcome. A better understanding of the complex molecular interactions between glioma cells and the collagen ECM will provide new avenues to combat the rampant tumor progression and chemoresistance in brain cancer patients.
Moment based texture segmentation (2003)

Texture segmentation is one of the early steps towards identifying surfaces and objects in an image. In the paper a moment based texture segmentation algorithm is presented. The moments in small windows of the image are used as texture features which are then used to segment the textures. The algorithm has successfully segmented binary images containing textures with identical second-order statistics as well as a number of natural gray level texture images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photoacoustic absorption spectra of biofilms (2003)

Biofilms are aggregates of microorganisms which occur at the interfaces of natural and engineered aqueous systems. In this article, the use of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) as a new technique for online and in situ monitoring of biofilms is demonstrated. Former studies revealed that PAS allows the monitoring of growth, detachment, and thickness of biofilms. Here, first photoacoustic absorption spectra of biofilms in the visible and near infrared range and corresponding depth-resolved measurements are presented.
Lymphoma in rheumatoid arthritis: The effect of methotrexate and anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy in 18,572 patients (2004)

Lymphomas are increased in RA. Although the SIR is greatest for anti-TNF therapies, differences between therapies are slight, and confidence intervals for treatment groups overlap. The increased lymphoma rates observed with anti-TNF therapy may reflect channeling bias, whereby patients with the highest risk of lymphoma preferentially receive anti-TNF therapy. Current data are insufficient to establish a causal relationship between RA treatments and the development of lymphoma.
Histopathology of Bone Marrow (2006)

As a major hematopoietic and lymphoid organ, morphological evaluation of the bone marrow is an important component of toxicity or safety assessment studies. While definitive characterization of bone marrow lesions often requires cytological aspirates or smears, assessment of histological bone marrow sections provides information regarding tissue architecture and hematopoietic status that is relevant for the detection of direct or indirect responses to chemical exposure. A variety of lesions have been observed in bone marrow. For example, lesions involving disturbances in growth, degenerative changes, inflammatory changes and neoplasia have been described. Lesions identified in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections typically represent changes in the hematopoietic cell lineage and/or stromal cells since definitive identification of lymphoid cells is difficult except in cases of lymphoma. This review provides a descriptive and pictorial representation of a wide range of bone marrow lesions. Since large animal-to-animal variation may exist and there can be collection site- and age-related differences, it is imperative that the pathologist reviews all potential treatment-related findings against appropriate concurrent controls.
Multicopy single‐stranded DNA of Escherichia coli enhances mutation and recombination frequencies by titrating MutS protein (1996)

Multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) molecules consist of single-stranded DNA covalently linked to RNA. In Escherichia coli, such molecules are encoded by genetic elements called retrons. The DNA moieties of msDNAs have characteristic stem-loop structures, and most of these structures contain mismatched base pairs. Previously, we showed that retrons encoding msDNAs with mismatched base pairs are mutagenic when present in multicopy plasmids. In this study we show that such msDNAs, in a similar manner to genetic defects in mismatch repair, increase the frequency of interspecies recombination in matings between Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli. To demonstrate interference with mismatch repair by msDNA, we show that the addition of a plasmid containing the gene for MutS protein suppresses the mutagenic and recombinogenic effects of msDNAs. We also show that in mutS mutants, msDNA does not increase the frequency of either mutations or interspecies recombination. We conclude from these findings that the mutagenic and recombinogenic effects of msDNAs are due to titrating out MutS protein.