gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
De novo administration of ropinirole and bromocriptine induces less dyskinesia than L‐dopa in the MPTP‐treated marmoset (1998)

In contrast to levodopa (L-dopa), de novo administration of the D2-like receptor agonist bromocriptine to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated subhuman primates is not associated with the onset of significant dyskinesia. We now compare the ability of the novel D2-like selective dopamine agonist ropinirole with that of bromocriptine and L-dopa to induce dyskinesia in MPTP-treated common marmosets. MPTP-treated common marmosets were treated with placebo, L-dopa plus carbidopa, ropinirole, or bromocriptine daily for 30 days (n = 4 per group) in doses that were titrated to similarly increase locomotion and improve motor disability. L-dopa rapidly induced dyskinesia of moderate to severe intensity, whereas ropinirole and bromocriptine produced mild dyskinesia over the course of the study that was significantly less severe than in the L-dopa-treated group (p < 0.05). However, in a separate group of marmosets previously primed with L-dopa to exhibit dyskinesia, ropinirole administration elicited severe dyskinesias comparable with that of L-dopa in a dose-dependent fashion. Ropinirole, in common with bromocriptine, has a lesser tendency than L-dopa to produce dyskinesia while similarly improving motor performance in drug-naive MPTP-treated marmosets. However, in common with other dopamine agonists, ropinirole will elicit comparable dyskinesia once L-dopa priming has occurred. These results predict a similar response to ropinirole and other long-acting dopamine agonists in L-dopa-naive patients with PD and emphasize the importance of avoiding initial dyskinesia induction through early use of dopamine agonist drugs.
Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Alkylmalates as the Pharmacophoric Group of Several Natural Alkaloids and Glycosides (2005)

Abstract A general enantioselective synthesis of α‐alkylmalates found in Cephalotaxus and Orchidaceae species is described. This preparation is based upon Seebach’s procedure for the alkylation of D ‐malic acid with self‐regeneration of stereogenic centers. Reaction of the dioxolanone 8a with LiHMDS and allyl halides as well as benzyl bromide gave 10 and 14 , respectively, which could be transformed into enantiopure α‐alkylmalates 13 , 15 , 18 and 19 . In addition, enantiopure furans of type 20 have been prepared. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Contact Dermatitis Caused by ECG Electrode Jelly (1977)

A 4-year-old boy was seen because of contact dermatitis that resulted from the use of an ECG electrode jelly (Cambridge). Patch tests proved that gum tragacanth in the jelly was responsible for the eruption. This agent is found in many different products, including foods, troches, cosmetics, toothpastes, and textile sizings. <h3>Report of Case</h3> A 4-year-old boy was seen on March 23, 1976 because of persistent dermatitis on his chest and extremities. He had developed the eruption two months previously, shortly after an ECG had been taken. The eruption was confined to the areas where the electrode jelly had been used for contact between the skin and the electrodes. A diagnosis of contact dermatitis was made. The eruption resolved after topical treatment with steroids. Patch tests were performed, and the patient was found to be allergic to the electrode jelly and one of its constituents, gum tragacanth (Table). The commercially prepared
Determination and controlling of grain structure of metals after laser incidence: Theoretical approach (2017)

There are serious questions about the grain structure of metals after laser melting and the ways that it can be controlled. In this regard, the current paper explains the grain structure of metals after laser melting using a new model based on combination of 3D finite element (FE) and cellular automaton (CA) models validated by experimental observation. Competitive grain growth, relation between heat flows and grain orientation and the effect of laser scanning speed on final micro structure are discussed with details. Grains structure after laser melting is founded to be columnar with a tilt angle toward the direction of the laser movement. Furthermore, this investigation shows that the grain orientation is a function of conduction heat flux at molten pool boundary. Moreover, using the secondary laser heat source (SLHS) as a new approach to control the grain structure during the laser melting is presented. The results proved that the grain structure can be controlled and improved significantly using SLHS. Using SLHS, the grain orientation and uniformity can be change easily. In fact, this method can help us to produce materials with different local mechanical properties during laser processing according to their application requirements.
Design and Testing of a Low-Cost Multichannel Pseudopotentiostat for Quantitative Combinatorial Electrochemical Measurements on Large Electrode Arrays (2003)

We describe a simple multichannel pseudopotentiostat based on appropriately chosen resistors, a programmable voltage source, and a scanning multimeter. Our first pseudopotentiostat can perform cyclic voltammetry on 64 channels of a combinatorial electrochemical cell that has 64 working electrodes and common counter and reference electrodes. The performance of the pseudopotentiostat and a 100 channel Scribner model 900B multichannel microelectrode analyzer (MMA) are compared on the same channels of the same cell. We find that for experiments on arrays of lithium-insertion electrodes, the pseudopotentiostat provides equivalent information to the MMA at about 20% the cost. The cost benefits are more significant as the number of channels increases so we believe this represents a good strategy for measurement systems to be used in quantitative combinatorial electrochemistry studies of large arrays. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Cytokines and Inflammatory Mediators Do Not Indicate Acute Infection in Cystic Fibrosis (1999)

Various treatment regimens and difficulties with research design are encountered with cystic fibrosis (CF) because no standard diagnostic criteria exist for defining acute respiratory exacerbations. This study evaluated the role of serial monitoring of concentrations of selected cytokines and inflammatory mediators in serum and sputum as predictors of respiratory exacerbation, as useful outcome measures for CF, and to guide therapy. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), neutrophil elastase-alpha-1-protease inhibitor complex (NE complex), protein, and alpha-1-protease inhibitor (alpha-1-PI) were measured in serum and sputum collected from CF patients during respiratory exacerbations and periods of well-being. Levels of NE complex, protein, and alpha-1-PI in sputum rose during respiratory exacerbations and fell after institution of antibiotic therapy (P = 0.078, 0.001, and 0.002, respectively). Mean (+/- standard error of the mean) levels of IL-8 and TNF-alpha were extremely high in sputum (13,780 +/- 916 and 249.4 +/- 23.5 ng/liter, respectively) but did not change significantly with clinical deterioration of the patient (P > 0.23). IL-8 and TNF-alpha were generally undetectable in serum, and therefore these measures were unhelpful. Drop in forced expiratory volume in 1 s was the only clinical or laboratory parameter that was close to being a determinant of respiratory exacerbation (P = 0.055). This study provides evidence of intense immunological activity occurring continually within the lungs of adult CF patients. Measurement of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in CF sputum is not helpful for identifying acute respiratory exacerbations.
In vitro mutagenesis of potential N-glycosylation sites of arylsulfatase A. Effects on glycosylation, phosphorylation, and intracellular sorting. (1992)

The correct intracellular sorting of lysosomal enzymes such as arylsulfatase A depends on the presence of mannose 6-phosphate residues on high mannose type oligosaccharides. The arylsulfatase A cDNA contains three potential N-glycosylation sites, two of which are utilized. We have mutated one or two of the N-glycosylation sites and analyzed the glycosylation, phosphorylation, and intracellular sorting of the mutant arylsulfatase A polypeptides. The results show that each of the three glycosylation sites (I, II, and III) can be glycosylated, but glycosylation at sites I and II is mutually exclusive. In mutants with one oligosaccharide side chain at positions I, II, or III all side chains can acquire mannose 6-phosphate residues irrespective of their location. This demonstrates spatial flexibility of the phosphotransferase, which specifically recognizes lysosomal enzymes and initiates the addition of mannose 6-phosphate residues on oligosaccharide side chains. However, these mutants have different intracellular sorting efficiencies and seem to use different (mannose 6-phosphate receptor-dependent and -independent) sorting pathways.
Apoyo a la docencia virtual en la Universidad de Extremadura: el sistema EVEx (2019)

La constante innovacion fruto de la evolucion imparable de las Tecnologias de la Informacion y la Comunicacion suponen una revolucion en el dia a dia de la ciudadania. En la actualidad, en el sector educativo estamos asistiendo a un cambio abrupto en las metodologias docentes abriendose un abanico de posibilidades inmensas, fruto de la aparicion de gran variedad de herramientas que fomentan un aprendizaje mas activo por parte del alumnado inmerso en un nuevo paradigma educativo marcado por la digitalizacion, la flexibilidad espacio-temporal y la globalizacion. Conceptos como el Learning Management System (LMS) o el Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje (EVA), ya son una realidad para muchos centros formativos. Sin duda, todo este panorama supone un autentico desafio para instituciones educativas tradicionales como las universidades, que se van sumando, poco a poco, al fenomeno de la creacion de contenidos multimedia para el apoyo de la docencia presencial o virtual. Una de las primeras universidades en Espana fue la Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, que puso en marcha el proyecto Polimedia un completo sistema innovador para la preparacion de material docente para la distribucion a traves de distintos medios y en diferentes formatos. Por su parte, la Universidad de Extremadura ha puesto en marcha EVEx (Entorno Virtual de Exposicion de la UEx) un sistema para la elaboracion de materiales multimedia de todo tipo desde la tradicional clase virtual, videos con infografia o diaporamas gestionado por la Fundacion Universidad Sociedad de la UEx. Y precisamente, desde el prisma de la conexion de la institucion academica con la sociedad se lanzo una de las primeras acciones formativas, la realizacion de once Cursos Masivos Abiertos en Red (MOOC) con objeto de ser distribuidos a traves de plataforma educativa internacional Miriada X, con mas de 2 millones de usuarios y con la participacion de un centenar de universidades/entidades educativas. Esta plataforma actualmente ofrece mas de 500 cursos y el 79 % de los MOOC que contiene son de procedencia espanola. EVEx se esta convirtiendo en una herramienta muy valiosa y con un gran potencial educativo, aun por explorar y explotar.
Recombinant CD4‐IgE, a novel hybrid molecule, inducing basophils to respond to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HIV‐infected target cells (1995)

Basophils and mast cells, as the main effector cells in IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity, are involved in the elimination of parasites and, according to recent findings, may also play an important role in the defense against bacterial and viral infections. Using a genetic engineering approach we wanted to redirect this potent IgE-mediated defense system against intruding human immune deficiency virus. We constructed a recombinant CD4-IgE molecule, consisting of the two N-terminal domains of CD4 and the CH2-4 domains of the IgE heavy chain, thus providing the IgE with specificity for the gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The binding properties of hybrid CD4-IgE to the high-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RI) on basophils as well as to the low-affinity receptor (Fc epsilon RII or CD23) for IgE on lymphoid cells were found to be similar to those of native IgE. At the same time, the CD4 domains of the recombinant molecule retained the gp120 binding specificity with an affinity similar to that of the native CD4. By functional tests, we demonstrated that CD4-IgE armed basophils can be triggered by free HIV and by HIV-infected cells to release their mediators. We further show that HIV-triggered basophils lead to a decreased replication of HIV in susceptible T cells. We, therefore, conclude that the type I hypersensitivity effector cells can be engaged in the elimination of HIV-infected cells, at least in vitro. Because of the strong binding of the CD4-IgE construct to the Fc epsilon RI, we assume that CD4-IgE has a short t1/2 in serum, but may similarly to IgE exhibit prolonged resident time on basophils and mast cells, which are located close to mucosal surfaces or in the connective tissue. Thus CD4-IgE could play an important role in the elimination of HIV also in vivo.
Nanoengineering a single-molecule mechanical switch using DNA self-assembly (2011)

The ability to manipulate and observe single biological molecules has led to both fundamental scientific discoveries and new methods in nanoscale engineering. A common challenge in many single-molecule experiments is reliably linking molecules to surfaces, and identifying their interactions. We have met this challenge by nanoengineering a novel DNA-based linker that behaves as a force-activated switch, providing a molecular signature that can eliminate errant data arising from non-specific and multiple interactions. By integrating a receptor and ligand into a single piece of DNA using DNA self-assembly, a single tether can be positively identified by force-extension behavior, and receptor-ligand unbinding easily identified by a sudden increase in tether length. Additionally, under proper conditions the exact same pair of molecules can be repeatedly bound and unbound. Our approach is simple, versatile and modular, and can be easily implemented using standard commercial reagents and laboratory equipment. In addition to improving the reliability and accuracy of force measurements, this single-molecule mechanical switch paves the way for high-throughput serial measurements, single-molecule on-rate studies, and investigations of population heterogeneity.
ALTERATION OF GUANINE RESIDUES DURING PROFLAVINE MEDIATED PHOTOSENSITIZATION OF DNA (1981)

Abstract— Mild photodynamic treatments of proflavine‐calf thymus DNA complexes induce a unique and quantitatively important alteration of the guanine residues which can be related to the lethal lesions due to the combined action of proflavine and light on phages. The ‘altered guanine’ is destroyed by HClO 4 but is recovered after partial DNA depurination under the form of two photoproducts. The first product, G ox , elutes as guanine on a Sephadex column but has a modified UV absorbance spectrum. It gives rise by further irradiation to another product, X, which elutes at pH 9.7 as a pyrimidine compound and presented a maximal UV absorbance at 246 nm. Product X is also selectively released by piperidine fixation onto the photo‐damaged DNA. The guanine degradation process is markedly decreased in the presence of the singlet oxygen quencher, NaN 3 . The photodynamic lesion inhibits the enzymatic degradation of the DNA but generates locally denatured regions that are sensitive to S1 endonuclease.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Lysis Inhibited by Viable HIV Mutants (1995)

Immune evasion by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is unexplained but may involve the mutation of viral antigens. When cytotoxic T lymphocytes engaged CD4-positive cells that were acutely infected with HIV bearing natural variant epitopes in reverse transcriptase, substantial inhibition of specific antiviral lysis was observed. Mutant viruses capable of these transactive effects could facilitate the persistence of a broad range of HIV variants in the face of an active and specific immune response.
Species Richness and Diversity of Resident and Migratory Landbirds in Remnant Forest Patches and Residential Areas in the Florida Keys, USA (2011)

Conservation of migratory birds necessitates protecting suitable stopover habitat along migratory routes as well as destination habitats, especially near large geographic barriers such as the Gulf of Mexico. The Florida Keys (Keys) are an important stopover and breeding destination for migratory landbirds. We documented 47 migratory and 21 resident landbird species via point counts during March–May 2004 and 2005. As a group, species richness, species diversity, and the effective number of species of migratory landbirds, including several species of conservation concern, was significantly and positively associated with percent cover of tropical hardwood hammock, a threatened upland forest type. The collective resident landbird community in the Keys was negatively associated with native hammock cover, although species diversity of the resident community was positively associated with the proximity of native hammock and several resident species, including species of conservation concern, were commonly or predominantly associated with native hammock. Consequently, conservation of native hammock habitat in the Keys is an important conservation priority for migratory birds and several resident species of conservation concern.
Integra architecture - anatomy of the interactive television set-top box, how it works, and what it means to the consumer (1996)

The architecture proposed is for a highly programmable set-top box that is compatible with a global manufacturing strategy that will drive resale prices down to the point where they are affordable by the average consumer. This paper starts with a look at a block diagram of a set-top box with a view toward cost reduction and optimizing its architecture. Integration of different functional blocks can reduce cost if done intelligently-the question of which blocks to integrate is examined in light of optimum usage of scarce and expensive resources like memory and also against the requirement to provide flexibility and programmability to make a global architecture. The issue of proper partitioning of tasks into hardware and software is also examined against the requirements to reduce cost and provide flexibility while not sacrificing performance. An integrated solution which includes a powerful on-chip CPU is then described. Next, the author looks at how all the pieces fit together-the hardware, software and operating system. The development tools required in order to get a complete working set-top box to market quickly and to be able to upgrade it as requirements change are examined. Finally, an integrated solution and a development environment available from LSI Logic is presented.
Microscopical findings associated with the diagnosis of osteoporosis in palaeopathology (1992)

Abstract This paper presents some preliminary results on microscopical identification of microfractures in human skeletal remains which may be associated with osteoporosis. A technique is described for the examination of cancellous bone and applied to a number of vertebrae and one radius. All the material used is Romano‐British or English medieval. However, microscopical screening for osteoporosis could form a useful part of comparative studies on historically or geographically different populations. The archaeological significance of osteoporosis in terms of skeletal ageing and nutritional status is discussed.
APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 mutations in early-onset Alzheimer disease: A genetic screening study of familial and sporadic cases (2017)

Our findings suggest that a nonnegligible fraction of PSEN1 mutations occurs de novo, which is of high importance for genetic counseling, as PSEN1 mutational screening is currently performed in familial cases only. Among the 90 distinct mutations found in the whole sample of families and isolated cases, definite pathogenicity is currently established for only 77%, emphasizing the need to pursue the effort to classify variants.
Development of a Novel Redox-Sensitive Protecting Group for Amines Which Utilizes a Facilitated Lactonization Reaction (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of a Novel Redox-Sensitive Protecting Group for Amines Which Utilizes a Facilitated Lactonization ReactionBinghe Wang, Siming Liu, and Ronald T. BorchardtCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 3, 539–543Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00108a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00108a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views741Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Improving triplet-wise training of convolutional neural network for vehicle re-identification (2017)

Vehicle re-identification (re-id) plays an important role in the automatic analysis of the drastically increasing urban surveillance videos. Similar to the other image retrieval problems, vehicle re-id suffers from the difficulties caused by various poses of vehicles, diversified illuminations, and complicated environments. Triplet-wise training of convolutional neural network (CNN) has been studied to address these challenges, where the CNN is adopted to automate the feature extraction from images, and the training adopts triplets of (query, positive example, negative example) to capture the relative similarity between them to learn representative features. The traditional triplet-wise training is weakly constrained and thus fails to achieve satisfactory results. We propose to improve the triplet-wise training at two aspects: first, a stronger constraint namely classification-oriented loss is augmented with the original triplet loss; second, a new triplet sampling method based on pairwise images is designed. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods that achieve superior performance than the state-of-the-arts on two vehicle re-id datasets, which are derived from real-world urban surveillance videos.