gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tethered Lipid Bilayer Membranes: Formation and Ionic Reservoir Characterization (1998)

Using novel synthetic lipids, a tethered bilayer membrane (tBLM) was formed onto a gold electrode such that a well-defined ionic reservoir exists between the gold surface and the bilayer membrane. Self-assembled monolayers of reservoir-forming lipids were first adsorbed onto the gold surface using gold−sulfur interactions, followed by the formation of the tBLM using the self-assembly properties of phosphatidylcholine-based lipids in aqueous solution. The properties of the tBLM were investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The capacitance of the tBLM indicated the formation of bilayer membranes of comparable thickness to solvent-free black (or bilayer) lipid membranes (BLM). The ionic sealing ability was comparable to those of classical BLMs. The function of the ionic reservoir was investigated using the potassium-specific ionophore valinomycin. Increasing the size of the reservoir by increasing the length of the hydrophilic region of the reservoir lipid or laterally spacing the reservoir lipid results in an improved ionic reservoir. Imposition of a dc bias voltage during the measurement of the impedance spectrum affected the conductivity of the tBLM. The conductivity and specificity of the valinomycin were comparable to those seen in a classical BLM.
Binding of 14-3-3 proteins and nuclear export control the intracellular localization of the mitotic inducer Cdc25 (1999)

Binding of 14-3-3 proteins near the nuclear localization sequence of Xenopus Cdc25 suppresses its ability to induce entry into mitosis. We have examined the intracellular localization of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged wild-type Cdc25 or a mutant (S287A) that cannot bind 14-3-3 proteins. Upon coexpression with Myc-14-3-3epsilon, GFP-Cdc25-WT was predominantly cytoplasmic, whereas GFP-Cdc25-S287A was exclusively nuclear. Leptomycin B, an inhibitor of nuclear export, elicited a prompt redistribution of GFP-Cdc25-WT to the nucleus. Mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that Cdc25 contains multiple nuclear export sequences. These studies indicate that the binding of 14-3-3 proteins and nuclear export regulate the intracellular localization of Cdc25.
Vega-Lite: A Grammar of Interactive Graphics (2016)

We present Vega-Lite, a high-level grammar that enables rapid specification of interactive data visualizations. Vega-Lite combines a traditional grammar of graphics, providing visual encoding rules and a composition algebra for layered and multi-view displays, with a novel grammar of interaction. Users specify interactive semantics by composing selections. In Vega-Lite, a selection is an abstraction that defines input event processing, points of interest, and a predicate function for inclusion testing. Selections parameterize visual encodings by serving as input data, defining scale extents, or by driving conditional logic. The Vega-Lite compiler automatically synthesizes requisite data flow and event handling logic, which users can override for further customization. In contrast to existing reactive specifications, Vega-Lite selections decompose an interaction design into concise, enumerable semantic units. We evaluate Vega-Lite through a range of examples, demonstrating succinct specification of both customized interaction methods and common techniques such as panning, zooming, and linked selection.
The Envelope Glycoprotein of HIV‐1 Alters NMDA Receptor Function (1993)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection often results in central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, yet the mechanism(s) of action for HIV-1 in the CNS are not fully understood. In the present study gp120, the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, was shown to selectively inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function. In addition to inhibiting radioligand binding to rat NMDA receptors, gp120 inhibited NMDA-induced currents in Xenopus oocytes, attenuated NMDA-stimulated calcium flux and cytotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule cells, and provided partial protection against NMDA-induced lethality in vivo. These findings suggest that NMDA receptor complex is a possible site of action of HIV-1 within the CNS.
Application of Adaptive Antenna Technology to Third Generation Mixed Cell Radio Architectures (1994)

Recent work at Bristol has considered the application of adaptive antenna technology to a mixed cell architecture employing DS-CDMA as the air interface. In the scenario considered, both the Umbrella cells and the underlying Micro cells operate within the same RF bandwidth in an attempt to support a seamless handover between different cell tY Pes. This paper will present an overview of the proposed mixed cell architecture employing adaptive antenna technology at the Umbrella cell site, as well as the benefits that can be obtained from such a deployment. This will be expressed in terms of the critical near-far problem and the system's capacity. Simulation and propagation results provide evidence for the claimed capabilities of the proposed system and estimates of the likely increased spectrum efficiency.
An introduction to domestic regulation and GATS (2014)

International trade in services is governed principally by regulatory measures. Unlike trade in goods, border measures in the form of tariffs and quotas are not the main barriers to trade. This peculiarity of services trade is due to the manner by which services are produced and consumed. Due to the intangible and non-storable nature of services, suppliers and consumers often have to be in physical proximity to each other for the transaction to be completed. For this reason, economists have traditionally considered services to be non-tradable across borders and have paid little attention to it in trade theory.
Zoledronic acid to treat complex regional pain syndrome type I in adult: case report (2011)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a difficult to treat disabling disease. Positive results with bisphosphonates in CRPS type I patients refractory to multimode therapy have been described. This study aimed at reporting the use of zoledronic acid in CRPS type I patient refractory to traditional therapy. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 31 years old, with CRPS for 16 years, refractory to multiprofessional and multimode treatment. Due to persistence of symptoms, zoledronic acid administration was proposed with effective control of symptoms and without adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Zoledronic acid was effective to treat CRPS type I refractory to conventional treatment.
Role of the Cldn6 Cytoplasmic Tail Domain in Membrane Targeting and Epidermal Differentiation In Vivo (2006)

It is widely recognized that the claudin (Cldn) family of four tetraspan transmembrane proteins is crucial for tight junction assembly and permeability barrier function; however, the precise role of the tail and loop domains in Cldn function is not understood. We hypothesized that the cytoplasmic tail domain of Cldn6 is crucial for membrane targeting and hence epidermal permeability barrier (EPB) formation. To test this hypothesis via a structure-function approach, we generated a tail deletion of Cldn6 (CΔ187) and evaluated its role in epidermal differentiation and EPB formation through its forced expression via the involucrin (Inv) promoter in the suprabasal compartment of the transgenic mouse epidermis. Even though a functional barrier formed, Inv-CΔ187 mice displayed histological and biochemical abnormalities in the epidermal differentiation program and stimulation of epidermal cell proliferation in both the basal and suprabasal compartments of the interfolliclar epidermis, leading to a thickening of the epidermis after 1 week of age that persisted throughout life. Although some membrane localization was evident, our studies also revealed a significant amount of not only Cldn6 but also Cldn10, Cldn11, and Cldn18 in the cytoplasm of transgenic epidermal cells as well as the activation of a protein-unfolding pathway. These findings demonstrate that the overexpression of a tail truncation mutant of Cldn6 mislocalizes Cldn6 and other Cldn proteins to the cytoplasm and triggers a postnatal increase in proliferation and aberrant differentiation of the epidermis, emphasizing the importance of the Cldn tail domain in membrane targeting and function in vivo.
Remote ischaemic preconditioning of the hind limb reduces experimental liver warm ischaemia–reperfusion injury (2006)

In this experimental model RIPC appeared to reduce liver IRI.
Stem cell-based strategies for treating pediatric disorders of myelin (2008)

The pediatric leukodystrophies comprise a category of disease manifested by neonatal or childhood deficiencies in myelin production or maintenance; these may be due to hereditary defects in one or more genes critical to the initiation of myelination, as in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease, or to enzymatic deficiencies with aberrant substrate accumulation-related dysfunction, as in the lysosomal storage disorders. Despite differences in both phenotype and natural history, these disorders are all essentially manifested by a profound deterioration in neurological function with age. A congenital deficit in forebrain myelination is also noted in children with the periventricular leukomalacia of cerebral palsy, another major source of neurological morbidity. In light of the wide range of disorders to which congenital hypomyelination and/or postnatal demyelination may contribute, and the relative homogeneity of central oligodendrocytes and their progenitors, the pediatric leukodystrophies may be especially attractive targets for cell-based therapeutic strategies. As a result, glial progenitor cells (GPCs), which can give rise to new myelinogenic oligodendrocytes, have become of great interest as potential therapeutic vectors for the restoration of myelin to the hypomyelinated or dysmyelinated childhood CNS. In addition, by distributing themselves throughout the deficient host neuraxis after perinatal allograft, and giving rise to astrocytes as well as oligodendrocytes, glial progenitors appear to be of potential great utility in rectifying enzymatic deficiencies. In this review, we focus on current efforts to develop the use of isolated human GPCs as transplantable agents both for mediating enzymatic restoration to the enzyme-deficient brain and for therapeutic myelination in the disorders of congenital hypomyelination.
Predicting the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: the Computers in Cardiology Challenge 2001 (2002)

The advent of pacing techniques for preventing the onset of atrial arrhythmias motivates the development of accurate predictors of these arrhythmias, and of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in particular The goals of the second annual Computers in Cardiology Challenge were to determine if segments of ECG that do not include PAF contain information sufficient (1) to distinguish subjects at risk of PAF from others not at risk, and (2) to predict imminent PAF in at-risk subjects. Via PhysioNet, 18 teams of participants studied training and test databases containing two half-hour ECG recordings from each of 100 subjects (of whom 53 experienced PAF immediately following one of the two recordings). The results indicate that roughly 80% of the subjects can be correctly classified (as at-risk or not), and that imminent PAF can be predicted in roughly 80% of subjects at risk. The most successful approaches were based on analyses of the incidence of premature atrial complexes (PACs) and P-wave variability.
A Protective Role of Interleukin 11 on Hepatic Injury in Acute Endotoxemia (2004)

The liver is one of the major target organs affected in sepsis, and its failure always results in critical consequences. It has been reported that recombinant human interleukin 11 (rhIL-11), a pleiotropic cytokine, may be useful in the treatment of sepsis. However, the effect of IL-11 specifically on the hepatic failure in sepsis has not been evaluated. In the present study, we examined the effect of rhIL-11 on the hepatic injury in a rat endotoxemia model. Acute endotoxemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 20 mg/kg). Immediately after injection of LPS, rats were treated with rhIL-11 (150 microg/kg, i.p.) or the vehicle. LPS treatment induced severe hepatic injury as revealed by marked increases in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, extensive hepatocyte necrosis, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA, and DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). In contrast, rhIL-11 treatment significantly ameliorated the LPS-induced hepatic injury, as judged by marked improvement in all these indices. In addition, rhIL-11 treatment markedly decreased LPS-induced mortality. These results indicate that rhIL-11 plays a significant protective role in LPS-induced hepatic injury in acute endotoxemia.
Thermal cycloaddition of 1,3,5-triazine with enamines: regiospecific pyrimidine annulation (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal cycloaddition of 1,3,5-triazine with enamines: regiospecific pyrimidine annulationDale L. Boger, Jane Schumacher, Michael D. Mullican, Mona Patel, and James S. PanekCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 13, 2673–2675Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00134a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00134a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views647Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modulation methods related to sine-wave crossings (1983)

A bounded band-limited signal may be represented by its sine-wave crossings, i.e., by a set of points on the time axis at which it crosses a reference sinusoid. If, at these points, pulses of a standard shape are generated, we obtain a position modulated pulse train. This pulse train is analyzed in detail. Two other modulation methods related to sine-wave crossings are also discussed, namely, edge position modulation of a square wave and bipolar pulse duration modulation. In all cases, the modulated waves may be expressed as sums of an infinite number of sinusuidal carriers amplitude modulated by Chebyshev polynomials of modulating signals.
A pilot trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in ulcerative colitis (2003)

Our preliminary results suggest that S. boulardii can be effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Controlled studies with this probiotic agent are warranted.
A multigrid tutorial (1987)

Preface 1. Model problems 2. Basic iterative methods 3. Elements of multigrid 4. Implementation 5. Some theory 6. Nonlinear problems 7. Selected applications 8. Algebraic multigrid (AMG) 9. Multilevel adaptive methods 10. Finite elements Bibliography Index.
Isolation and structure of corticostatin peptides from rabbit fetal and adult lung. (1988)

A 34-amino acid peptide and three other structurally related peptides were isolated from rabbit fetal and adult lung. These cationic arginine- and cysteine-rich peptides inhibit corticotropin (ACTH)-stimulated rat adrenal cell corticosterone production. The peptide was called corticostatin (CSI). CSI was purified by reverse-phase HPLC and was shown to be homogenous from its amino acid analysis. Its sequence was determined on a gas-phase sequenator. The structure of CSI is Gly-Ile-Cys-Ala-Cys-Arg-Arg-Arg-Phe-Cys-Pro-Asn-Ser-Glu-Arg-Phe-Ser-Gly- Tyr-Cys - Arg-Val-Asn-Gly-Ala-Arg-Tyr-Val-Arg-Cys-Cys-Ser-Arg-Arg. CSI was found to markedly inhibit ACTH-stimulated corticosterone production by rat adrenal cells in vitro but did not affect basal levels. CSI did not affect the stimulation of aldosterone synthesis by angiotensin II in rat zona glomerulosa cells but it did suppress ACTH-stimulated aldosterone synthesis in whole adrenal cells, demonstrating that CSI is a specific inhibitor of ACTH-stimulated corticosteroid synthesis. The minimum effective concentration of CSI inhibiting ACTH-stimulated (33 pM) corticosterone production was 5 nM (20 ng/ml), the ED50 (50% effective dose) was 25 nM and steroidogenesis was completely inhibited at concentrations greater than 500 nM (2 micrograms/ml).
Neural networks as a tool for utilizing laboratory information: comparison with linear discriminant analysis and with classification and regression trees. (1991)

Successful applications of neural network architecture have been described in various fields of science and technology. We have applied one such technique, error back-propagation, to a medical classification problem stemming from clinical chemistry, and we have compared the performance of two different neural networks with results obtained by conventional linear discriminant analysis or by the technique of classification and regression trees. The results obtained by the various models were tested for robustness by jackknife validation ("leave n out" method). Compared with the two other techniques, neural networks show a unique ability to detect features hidden in the input data which are not explicitly formulated as input. Thus, neural network techniques appear promising in the field of clinical chemistry, and their application, particularly in situations with complex data structures, should be investigated with more emphasis.
Sequence-specific endoribonuclease activity of the Tetrahymena ribozyme: enhanced cleavage of certain oligonucleotide substrates that form mismatched ribozyme-substrate complexes (1988)

A shortened form of the self-splicing intervening sequence RNA of Tetrahymena acts as a sequence-specific endoribonuclease. Specificity of cleavage is determined by Watson-Crick base pairing between the active site of the RNA enzyme (ribozyme) and its RNA substrate [Zaug, A. J., Been, M. D., & Cech, T. R. (1986) Nature (London) 324, 429-433]. Surprisingly, single-base changes in the substrate RNA 3 nucleotides preceding the cleavage site, giving a mismatched substrate-ribozyme complex, enhance the rate of cleavage. Mismatched substrates show up to a 100-fold increase in kcat and, in some cases, in kcat/Km. A mismatch introduced by changing a nucleotide in the active site of the ribozyme has a similar effect. Addition of 2.5 M urea or 3.8 M formamide or decreasing the divalent metal ion concentration from 10 to 2 mM reverses the substrate specificity, allowing the ribozyme to discriminate against the mismatched substrate. The effect of urea is to decrease kcat and kcat/Km for cleavage of the mismatched substrate; Km is not significantly affected at 0-2.5 M urea. Thus, progressive destabilization of ribozyme-substrate pairing by mismatches or by addition of a denaturant such as urea first increases the rate of cleavage to an optimum value and then decreases the rate.
Structural characterization of two synthetic catalysts based on adipocyte lipid-binding protein (1998)

Adipocyte lipid-binding protein (ALBP) is a small (14.5 kDa) 10-stranded beta-barrel protein found in mammalian fat cells. The crystal structures of various holo-forms of ALBP have been solved and show the fatty acid ligand bound in a large (approximately 400 A3) cavity isolated from bulk solvent. Examination of the cavity suggests that it would be a good site for the creation of an artificial catalyst, as numerous well defined crystal structures of ALBP are available and past studies have shown the conformation to be reasonably tolerant to modification and mutagenesis. Previous work has shown ALBP to be a good protein scaffold for exploring enantio- and stereoselective reactions; two constructs, ALBP attached to either a pyridoxamine or a phenanthroline group at C117, have been chemically characterized. Both modified proteins have been crystallized and their structures solved and refined. The X-ray models have been used to examine the origin of the chiral selectivity seen in the products. It is apparent that these covalent adducts reduce the internal cavity volume, sterically limiting substrate interactions with the reactive groups, as well as solvent access to potential intermediates in the reaction pathway.
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Results of an international guideline-based performance improvement program targeting severe sepsis* (2010)

The Campaign was associated with sustained, continuous quality improvement in sepsis care. Although not necessarily cause and effect, a reduction in reported hospital mortality rates was associated with participation. The implications of this study may serve as an impetus for similar improvement efforts.
Cross-Coupling Reactions of Potassium Alkyltrifluoroborates with Aryl and 1-Alkenyl Trifluoromethanesulfonates (2001)

[figure: see text] The palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of potassium alkyltrifluoroborates with aryl- or alkenyltriflates proceeds to afford the corresponding arenes or alkenes in high yield. The borates are all solids, stable in air, and thus can be stored on the shelf indefinitely. The cross coupling can be effected using PdCl2(dppf).CH2Cl2 as the catalyst in THF-H2O in the presence of Cs2CO3. A variety of functional groups can be tolerated within the borate and/or the triflate coupling partner.
Effects of heavy ion irradiation on amorphous hydrogenated (diamondlike) carbon films (1987)

Energetic ion-beam irradiation of diamondlike carbon thin films induces a decrease of 5–6 orders of magnitude in the resistivity of the films from their as-grown value of 107 Ω cm. Diagnostics used to characterize the nature of the transformation included optical absorption measurements (band gap), Raman spectroscopy (microcrystalline structure), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (hydrogen content of the films), and measurements of the temperature dependence of the conductivity (electronic structure). It was found that the initial decrease in resistivity with an increasing ion dose is due to the loss of hydrogen from the films, with a concomitant decrease in the optical band gap. Heating the films during the irradiation greatly accelerates the rate of hydrogen loss as a function of dose. Once the hydrogen removal is complete, further irradiation increases the film conductivity by inducing the growth of microcrystallites of graphite.