gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applying relevance feedback to a photo archival system (1992)

Relevance feedback techniques have been success fully applied to document retrieval systems (DRS) to refine queries and document representations. This paper represents a first attempt to apply and optimise relevance feedback techniques to improve retrieval in a text-based image archival system. The design exploits the rapid assessment possible with image data to facilitate query refinement and collect large amounts of relevance feedback data This data can then be used to extend incomplete image descriptions, thus ameliorat ing problems associated with text annotation of images. Visu ally oriented relevance feedback and query modification is implemented using direct mampulation of icons. An algorithm designed for dynamic modification of image descriptions based on relevance feedback is proposed, implemented, and experi mentally tested. Initial experiments show significant improve ments and demonstrate the potential of using these tech niques for image retrieval applications.
The OLAP market (1998)

The main idea of a data warehouse is to provide decision makers with integrated information that is organized according to their requirements. In recent years there was a rapid development of the market for data warehouse prot ducts and in particular for OLAP systems. me technical development in this area is strongly market driven. This paper presents the main results of a technical market survey on OLAP products. It describes the technological stat& qf the art of the products. By identifying the ma+ conceptual deficits of exist&g systems we derive interesting tdpics for further application oriented scientific research and show how exis*g research results can be applied. This analysis is performed separately for relational OLAP 4y4tems (ROLAP) and multidimensional OLAP systems (MOLAP).
Normal hematopoiesis is maintained by activated bone marrow CD4+ T cells (2004)

CD4(+) T cells produce hematopoietic-related cytokines and are essential for hematopoiesis stimulation during infection and hematologic recovery after bone marrow transplantation. However, it remains unclear if T cells are necessary to maintain normal hematopoiesis. We report here that, in T-cell-deficient mice, terminal differentiation of myeloid progenitors is defective, resulting in very low levels of granulocytes in the periphery. Hematopoiesis is restored after thymus graft or reconstitution with CD4(+) T cells but not CD8(+) T cells. Bone marrow CD4(+) T cells have an activated phenotype and produce cytokines, apparently, in the absence of exogenous stimulation. Transgenic mice carrying T-cell receptor specific for an ovalbumin peptide presented in the context of a specific class II molecule (I-A(d)) (DO11.10 RAG(-/-)) show the same hematopoietic deficiency as athymic mice. Their bone marrow CD4(+) T cells are not activated, suggesting that hematopoiesis maintenance requires the presence of cognate antigen in order to activate bone marrow T-helper cells. In fact, priming of transgenic mice with ovalbumin restores normal hematopoiesis. The data show that the current concept of "normal hematopoiesis" does not reflect a basal bone marrow activity, but it is an antigen-induced state maintained by constant activation of bone marrow CD4(+) T cells.
Move over protein kinase C, you've got company: alternative cellular effectors of diacylglycerol and phorbol esters (2002)

Diacylglycerol is an essential second messenger in mammalian cells. The most prominent intracellular targets of diacylglycerol and of the functionally analogous phorbol esters belong to the protein kinase C (PKC) family. However, at least five alternative types of high-affinity diacylglycerol/phorbol-ester receptor are known: chimaerins, protein kinase D, RasGRPs, Munc13s and DAG kinase gamma. Recent evidence indicates that these have functional roles in diacylglycerol second messenger signalling in vivo and that several cellular processes depend on these targets rather than protein kinase C isozymes. These findings contradict the still prevalent view according to which all diacylglycerol/phorbol-ester effects are caused by the activation of protein kinase C isozymes. RasGRP1 (in Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signalling) and Munc13-1 (in neurotransmitter secretion) are examples of non-PKC diacylglycerol/phorbol-ester receptors that mediate diacylglycerol and phorbol-ester effects originally thought to be caused by PKC isozymes. In the future, pharmacological studies on PKC must be complemented with alternative experimental approaches to allow the separation of PKC-mediated effects from those caused by alternative targets of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway. The examples of RasGRP1 and Munc13-1 show that detailed genetic analyses of C(1)-domain-containing non-PKC diacylglycerol/phorbol-ester receptors in mammals are ideally suited to achieve this goal.
Repair of thalassemic human β-globin mRNA in mammalian cells by antisense oligonucleotides (1996)

In one form of beta-thalassemia, a genetic blood disorder, a mutation in intron 2 of the beta-globin gene (IVS2-654) causes aberrant splicing of beta-globin pre-mRNA and, consequently, beta-globin deficiency. Treatment of mammalian cells stably expressing the IVS2-654 human beta-globin gene with antisense oligonucleotides targeted at the aberrant splice sites restored correct splicing in a dose-dependent fashion, generating correct human beta-globin mRNA and polypeptide. Both products persisted for up to 72 hr posttreatment. The oligonucleotides modified splicing by a true antisense mechanism without overt unspecific effects on cell growth and splicing of other pre-mRNAs. This novel approach in which antisense oligonucleotides are used to restore rather than to down-regulate the activity of the target gene is applicable to other splicing mutants and is of potential clinical interest.
The role of intraperitoneal therapy in advanced ovarian cancer. (2007)

Intraperitoneal (i.p.) chemotherapy is a preferred treatment option that should be offered to all women for front-line treatment of stage III optimally debulked ovarian cancer. Patients should be provided with information on the survival and toxicity for both i.p. and intravenous (i.v.) therapies, as well as practical information about the administration of each regimen, so that they may play an active role in the decision-making process. When making a decision between i.p. and i.v. therapeutic options, the experience and preference of the oncologist are critical factors in determining appropriate therapy for each woman.
Interferons induce xanthine dehydrogenase gene expression in L929 cells (1992)

Human interferon-alpha A/D (Bg/II) (IFN-alpha A/D) and mouse interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are shown to induce xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) mRNA in L929 fibroblastic cells. XD mRNA accumulation after IFN-alpha A/D treatment is relatively fast, being already evident after 4 h and reaching its maximum after 24 h. IFN-alpha A/D is active in inducing XD mRNA at 0.1 unit/ml and it is maximally active at 10(3) units/ml. The half-life of the XD message is unaffected by IFN-alpha A/D treatment, whereas the transcriptional activity of the XD gene and the concentrations of XD heterogeneous nuclear RNA are increased by 2- and 6-fold respectively. The effect of IFN-alpha A/D on XD mRNA is insensitive to cycloheximide, suggesting that protein synthesis de novo is not required. Experiments conducted with specific inhibitors suggest that protein kinase C, cyclic AMP and arachidonic acid metabolites derived from lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase do not act as second-messenger molecules in the induction of XD mRNA by IFN-alpha A/D. XD mRNA is also induced in NIH3T3 fibroblastic cells, but not in F9 teratocarcinoma or B16 melanoma cells after treatment with IFN-alpha A/D. NIH3T3 are the only cells so far tested that have detectable XD and xanthine oxidase activities under basal conditions and after IFN-alpha A/D treatment, although their responsiveness to the cytokine is much less than that observed in L929 cells.
Microdialysis Studies of Brain Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine Release During Ingestive Behavior Theoretical and Clinical Implicationsa (1989)

This minireview deals with the possible roles of monoamines in feeding and feeding disorders. The introduction sketches the results of earlier studies with local drug injections and selective neurotoxins which provided pharmacological evidence that monoamines can influence food intake and body weight. A table summarizing this evidence is used to list monoamine changes that could underlie anorexia or hyperphagia. It is apparent that abnormalities in the monoamines, along with their cotransmitters, could cause many forms of feeding disorder. It is proposed as a working hypothesis that several varieties of hyperphagia leading to obesity have a common element. This common factor is a change in excitability of a lateral hypothalamic reinforcement system as manifested in self-stimulation at a stimulation-bound feeding site. Understanding this feeding reward-aversion system helps us understand hyperphagia and anorexia. The neurochemistry of reward and aversion involves the monoamines. This paper focuses on dopamine and serotonin. The data support the hypothesis that dopamine systems projecting to the nucleus accumbens and other forebrain areas from the mid-brain ventral tegmental area (VTA) are important for approach and positive reinforcement in ingestive behavior and self-stimulation. Serotonin is hypothesized to facilitate satiety and inhibition of feeding reward in the hypothalamus. The next section abstracts our recent experiments that measured pharmacological and physiological release of the monoamines in the hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens during ingestive behavior and self-stimulation. In vivo microdialysis in freely moving rats suggested the following: (1) Norepinephrine was released in the paraventricular nucleus during the active, feeding period of the circadian cycle. (2) The serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA also increased in the PVN at the same time if there was food to eat. (3) Amphetamine infused into the lateral hypothalamus (LH) by reverse dialysis increased synaptic dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. (4) The anorectic drug d-fenfluramine increased synaptic serotonin in the LH and also increased the dopamine metabolite DOPAC, suggesting that serotonin and dopamine in the LH might contribute to fenfluramine-induced satiety. Local d-fenfluramine injection into the LH or local infusion by reverse dialysis again increased serotonin and decreased 5-HIAA and interfered with local dopamine metabolism as reflected in decreased DOPAC and HVA. (5) Tryptophan, a serotonin precursor, given systemically at an anorectic dose, increased extracellular serotonin in the LH, but this effect was only detectable in food-deprived rats. This was seemingly pH independent (between 5.8 and 8). The passage other cations through CFo is strictly suppressed (even at pH 8 and with 300 mM NaCl in the medium).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Modulation of surgical fibrosis by microbial zwitterionic polysaccharides (2005)

Bacterial carbohydrates have long been considered T cell-independent antigens that primarily induce humoral immune responses. Recently, it has been demonstrated that bacterial capsules that possess a zwitterionic charge motif can activate CD4(+) T cells after processing and presentation by antigen-presenting cells. Here we show that these zwitterionic polysaccharides can prevent T helper 1-mediated fibrosis by signaling for the release of IL-10 from CD4(+) T cells in vivo. IL-10 production by these T cells and their ability to prevent fibrosis is controlled by the inducible costimulator (ICOS)-ICOS ligand pathway. These data demonstrate that the interaction of the zwitterionic polysaccharides with T cells results in modulation of surgical fibrosis in vivo and suggest a previously undescribed approach to "harnessing" T cell function to prevent inflammatory tissue disorders in humans.
Effect of Immunostimulatory CpG-Oligonucleotides in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells (2001)

Bacterial DNA and phosphothioate oligonucleotides containing a CpG motif (CpG-ODN) can activate cells of the immune system such as monocytes, dendritic cells and B cells. Protective immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells were observed in murine models when mice were treated with CpG-ODN. Recent results have demonstrated strong activation of human immune cells as well. Apart from stimulating cells of the immune system, CpG ODN have many direct effects on B-CLL cells such as upregulation of costimulatory molecules, cell cycle entry and upregulation of potential target antigens for antibody therapy. Therefore, CpG-ODN appear to be attractive compounds to be included into new therapeutic strategies like tumor cell vaccination and adoptive T cell transfer or therapy with monoclonal antibodies. In this review, the effects of CpG-ODN on B-CLL cells are summarized and potential therapeutic applications of CpG-ODN in chronic lymphocytic leukemia are discussed.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensor on an Optical Fiber Probe Fabricated with a Femtosecond Laser (2010)

A novel fabrication method for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors that used a fast femtosecond (fs) laser scanning process to etch uniform patterns and structures on the endface of a fused silica optical fiber, which is then coated with a thin layer of silver through thermal evaporation is presented. A high quality SERS signal was detected on the patterned surface using a Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) solution. The uniform SERS sensor built on the tip of the optical fiber tip was small, light weight, and could be especially useful in remote sensing applications.
Micromachined acoustic resonant mass sensor (2005)

This paper describes a highly sensitive, film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) mass sensor (built on a micromachined silicon-nitride diaphragm with a piezoelectric thin film and Al electrodes) that can operate in vapor and liquid. The sensitivity of the device to mass change on its surface has been investigated by having various thicknesses of silicon-nitride support layer and also of Al layer. The sensor is measured to have a mass sensitivity of 726 cm/sup 2//g, which is about 50 times that of a typical quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). In vapor, the sensor (operating at around 1 GHz and having a relatively high quality (Q) factor of 200-300) shows a minimum detectable frequency shift of about 400 Hz, which corresponds to a mass change of 10/sup -9/ g/cm/sup 2/ on the sensor surface, comparable with that detectable by a QCM. In liquid, though the Q usually drops more than an order of magnitude, we obtain a Q of 40 at 2 GHz by using a second harmonic resonance of the resonator. And with the Q, a minimum 5 ppm resonant frequency shift can be detected, which corresponds to 10/sup -8/ g/cm/sup 2/ change on the sensor surface.
A Comparison of the Biological Features of Prostate Cancer with (PSA+, PSMA+) Profile according to RKIP (2013)

Although characterized by the same (PSA+, PSMA+) profile, PC phenotype missing the RKIP related to invasive potential and greater biological aggressiveness reflected in overexpression of components of Raf-1/MEK/ERK and NF- κ B (p65/p50) in which Akt is activated independently of RKIP. Taking into account the PC phenotypes according to RKIP among PSA-PSMA profiles may improve distinguishing them from cancers that will become more aggressive and therefore adapt the therapeutic strategies in those patients.
Proteomic Analysis of Exosomes from Mutant KRAS Colon Cancer Cells Identifies Intercellular Transfer of Mutant KRAS (2012)

Activating mutations in KRAS occur in 30% to 40% of colorectal cancers. How mutant KRAS alters cancer cell behavior has been studied intensively, but non-cell autonomous effects of mutant KRAS are less understood. We recently reported that exosomes isolated from mutant KRAS-expressing colon cancer cells enhanced the invasiveness of recipient cells relative to exosomes purified from wild-type KRAS-expressing cells, leading us to hypothesize mutant KRAS might affect neighboring and distant cells by regulating exosome composition and behavior. Herein, we show the results of a comprehensive proteomic analysis of exosomes from parental DLD-1 cells that contain both wild-type and G13D mutant KRAS alleles and isogenically matched derivative cell lines, DKO-1 (mutant KRAS allele only) and DKs-8 (wild-type KRAS allele only). Mutant KRAS status dramatically affects the composition of the exosome proteome. Exosomes from mutant KRAS cells contain many tumor-promoting proteins, including KRAS, EGFR, SRC family kinases, and integrins. DKs-8 cells internalize DKO-1 exosomes, and, notably, DKO-1 exosomes transfer mutant KRAS to DKs-8 cells, leading to enhanced three-dimensional growth of these wild-type KRAS-expressing non-transformed cells. These results have important implications for non-cell autonomous effects of mutant KRAS, such as field effect and tumor progression.
Circadian rhythm of autonomic activity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (1998)

These findings suggest that sleep-disordered breathing associated with severe oxygen desaturation might influence heart rate variability not only during sleep but also during daytime. OSAS per se might contribute to altered circadian rhythm in autonomic activity leading to the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Efficacy and Concentration-Response of Murine Anti-VEGF Monoclonal Antibody in Tumor-Bearing Mice and Extrapolation to Humans (1999)

The development of a neovascular supply (angiogenesis) is a major aspect of tumorigenesis. Recent work has indicated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major regulator of angiogenesis. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that an anti-VEGF antibody is capable of suppressing the growth of human tumor cell lines. The following study was conducted in tumor-bearing nude mice to evaluate the concentration-response relationship of murine anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody (muMAb VEGF) so that an efficacious plasma concentration of the recombinant humanized form (rhuMAb VEGF) in cancer patients could be estimated. (This study was included in our Investigational New Drug application to support the clinical dosing regimen and projected human safety factors for the toxicology program.) Additionally, the growth dynamics of the tumors were evaluated as a function of dose to explore whether a mechanismic interpretation of tumor growth inhibition by muMAb VEGF is possible. On day 1, A673 human rhabdomyosarcoma cells (2 x 10(6) cells/mouse) were injected subcutaneously in 188 beige nude mice (16-24 g). Treatment with muMAb VEGF (0.05-5.0 mg/kg; n = 24/group), phosphate-buffered saline (n = 10), or anti-gp120 isotype-matched control antibody (5.0 mg/kg; n = 10) began 24 hr later. Each animal received intraperitoneal injections of test material twice weekly for 4 wk. Immediately prior to each dose, 2 mice from each muMAb VEGF group were selected randomly, and plasma was collected for pharmacokinetic evaluation; at the end of the study, samples were collected from all animals for pharmacokinetic evaluation. Tumor dimensions were recorded weekly, and at the end of the study, tumor weight and dimensions were recorded. Satisfactory tumor suppression in nude mice was achieved at muMAb VEGF doses of > or =2.5 mg/kg, where the average trough muMAb VEGF plasma concentration was 30 microg/ml (concentrations in individual animals >10 microg/ml). Assuming the pharmacokinetics of rhuMAb VEGF in patients will resemble the pharmacokinetics of a similar humanized anticancer monoclonal antibodies, a clinical dosing regimen was designed to maintain the rhuMAb VEGF plasma concentration in this efficacious range. This study shows an approach that can be used to estimate a human dosing regimen from preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data. Because we have just initiated clinical trials with rhuMAb VEGF we cannot judge clinical outcome in relation to these preclinical predictions; nonetheless, it is hoped that by sharing our approach and thought processes with other investigators we can assist the discovery and development of anticancer therapeutics.
ChemInform Abstract: PHEROMONES. 22. (Z)‐5‐DECENYL ACETATE, A SEXUAL ATTRACTANT FOR MALES OF THE SEED OWL AGROTIS SEGETUM (LEPIDOPTERA) (1979)

Abstract Aus dem Phosphoniumsalz (I) wird auf dem angegebenen Wege die Titelverbindung (VI) dargestellt.
Implementation of PRML in a rigid disk drive (1991)

Describes the channel architecture, IC technology, and integration solutions used in implementing the IBM 0681 disk drive data channel. A brief description of the 0681 disk drive is given along with a block representation of the data channel. Particular focus is placed on the major channel functions: equalization, data coding and detection, gain and timing recovery, and write circuitry. Both the analog and adaptive digital equalizer sections used in the channel are described. The 0681 channel uses an IBM mixed-mode IC technology to implement all channel functions. This IC process is illustrated, along with the partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) chip layout. Attention is also given to the hybrid nature of the PRML channel; many channel functions are implemented using a combination of both analog and digital circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Intracellular pH‐Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Controlled Release of Anticancer Chemotherapeutics (2010)

Rohr frei zur Krebsbekämpfung: Mit Doxorubicin bestückte pH-empfindliche mesoporöse Siliciumdioxidnanopartikel (MSN-Hydrazon-Dox) eignen sich möglicherweise für die Chemotherapie von Leberkrebs. Nach der Hydrolyse der pH-empfindlichen Hydrazon-Verbindung im sauren Milieu von Endosomen/Lysosomen (siehe Bild) wird Dox aus den Nanokanälen der MSNs ins Zellinnere freigesetzt, wo es hoch wirksam eine Apoptose induzieren kann.
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Exogenous Gene Expression by the S1 Nuclease Protection Assay (2003)

The Sinuclease protection procedure allows the precise definition of the beginning and end of gene transcripts as well as the position of intron/ exon boundaries in a gene. Alternatively, when these parameters are already known, the technique can be used to quantify transcript levels in a variety of expression systems.
Rejecting outliers and estimating errors in an orthogonal-regression framework (1995)

Abstract Least squares minimization is by nature global and, hence, vulnerable to distortion by outliers. We present a novel technique to reject outliers from an m-dimensional data set when the underlying model is a hyperplane (a line in two dimensions, a plane in three dimensions). The technique has a sound statistical basis and assumes that Gaussian noise corrupts the otherwise valid data. The majority of alternative techniques available in the literature focus on ordinary least squares, where a single variable is designated to be dependent on all others - a model that is often unsuitable in practice. The method presented here operates in the more general framework of orthogonal regression, and uses a new regression diagnostic based on eigendecomposition. It subsumes the traditional residuals scheme and, using matrix perturbation theory, provides an error model for the solution once the contaminants have been removed.