gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of Polymers and Composites (1993)

This text, now in its second edition, offers an up-to-date, expanded treatment of the behaviour of polymers with regard to material variables and test and use conditions. It highlights general principles, useful empirical rules and practical equations.;Detailing the specific behaviour of many common polymers, the text: places emphasis on time and frequency dependence over temperature dependence; uses contemporary molecular mechanisms to explain creep, stress relaxation, constant strain rate responses and crazing; provides explicit equations to predict responses; supplies a discussion of large deformation multiaxial responses; compares statistical and continuum theories on the same data set; and updates stress-strain behaviour and particulate filled systems.
Structure−Activity Analysis of the Effects of Lysophosphatidic Acid on Platelet Aggregation (1999)

Lysophosphatidic acid (1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate or LPA) is a phospholipid mediator displaying numerous and widespread biological activities and thought to act via G-protein-coupled receptors. Here we have studied the effects on human platelets of a number of LPA analogues, including two enantiomers of both N-palmitoyl-(L)-serine-3-phosphate ((L) and (D)NAPS for N-acyl-phosphoserine) and 2-(R)-N-palmitoyl-norleucinol-1-phosphate ((R) and (S)PNPA), cyclic analogues of 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (cPA) and of 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (cAGP), sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP), as well as two palmitoyl derivatives of dioxazaphosphocanes bearing either a P-H or a P-OH bond (DOXP-H and DOXP-OH, respectively). Nine of these compounds induced platelet aggregation with the following order of potency: SPP < cAGP < DOXP-OH < (L)NAPS = (D)NAPS < (R)PNPA = (S)PNPA < LPA < AGP, EC50 varying between 9.8 nM and 8.3 microM. Two of these compounds (SPP and cAGP) appeared as weak agonists inducing platelet aggregation to only 33% and 41%, respectively, of the maximal response attained with LPA and other analogues. In cross-desensitization experiments, all of these compounds specifically inhibited LPA-induced aggregation, suggesting that they were all acting on the same receptor(s). In contrast, cPA and DOXP-H did not trigger platelet aggregation but instead specifically inhibited the effects of LPA in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory action of cPA did not vary with the acyl chain length or the presence of a double bond and did not involve an increase in cAMP. These data thus confirm the lack of stereospecificity of platelet LPA receptor(s). In addition, since the order of potency of some analogues is different from that described in other cells, our results suggest that platelets contain (a) pharmacologically distinct receptor(s) whose molecular identity still remains to be established. Finally, this unique series of compounds might be used for further characterization of other endogenous or recombinant LPA receptors.
Improved Human Embryonic Stem Cell Embryoid Body Homogeneity and Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from a Novel V-96 Plate Aggregation System Highlights Interline Variability (2006)

Although all human ESC (hESC) lines have similar morphology, express key pluripotency markers, and can differentiate toward primitive germ layers in vitro, the lineage-specific developmental potential may vary between individual lines. In the current study, four hESC lines were cultured in the same feeder-free conditions to provide a standardized platform for interline analysis. A high-throughput, forced-aggregation system involving centrifugation of defined numbers of hESCs in V-96 plates (V-96FA) was developed to examine formation, growth, and subsequent cardiomyocyte differentiation from >22,000 EBs. Homogeneity of EBs formed by V-96FA in mouse embryo fibroblast-conditioned medium was significantly improved compared with formation in mass culture (p < .02; Levene's test). V-96FA EB formation was successful in all four lines, although significant differences in EB growth were observed during the first 6 days of differentiation (p = .044 to .001; one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Cardiomyocyte differentiation potential also varied; 9.5% +/- 0.9%, 6.6% +/- 2.4%, 5.2% +/- 3.1%, and 1.6% +/- 1.0% beating EBs were identified for HUES-7, NOTT2, NOTT1, and BG01, respectively (p = .008; one-way ANOVA). Formation of HUES-7 V-96FA EBs in defined medium containing activin A and basic fibroblast growth factor resulted in 23.6% +/- 3.6% beating EBs, representing a 13.1-fold increase relative to mass culture (1.8% +/- 0.7%), consistent with an observed 14.8-fold increase in MYH6 (alphaMHC) expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In contrast, no beating areas were derived from NOTT1-EBs and BG01-EBs formed in defined medium. Thus, the V-96FA system highlighted interline variability in EB growth and cardiomyocyte differentiation but, under the test conditions described, identified HUES-7 as a line that can respond to cardiomyogenic stimulation.
Characterization of Two Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines by Reciprocal Chromosome Painting (2010)

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Some lung cancer patients correlate with a gas of radon besides smoking. To search for common chromosomal aberrations in lung cancer cell lines established from patients induced by different factors, a combined approach of chromosome sorting, forward and reverse chromosome painting was used to characterize karyotypes of two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines: A549 and GLC-82 with the latter line derived from a patient who has suffered long-term exposure to environmental radon gas pollution. The chromosome painting results revealed that complex chromosomal rearrangements occurred in these two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Thirteen and twenty-four abnormal chromosomes were identified in A549 and GLC-82 cell lines, respectively. Almost half of abnormal chromosomes in these two cell lines were formed by non-reciprocal translocations, the others were derived from deletions and duplication/or amplification in some chromosomal regions. Furthermore, two apparently common breakpoints, HSA8q24 and 12q14 were found in these two lung cancer cell lines.
Tagging Juvenile Pacific Lamprey with Passive Integrated Transponders: Methodology, Short-Term Mortality, and Influence on Swimming Performance (2006)

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the feasibility (i.e., efficiency and nonintrusiveness) of tagging juvenile Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and to determine any associated impacts on survivorship and swimming ability. Juvenile Pacific lampreys were obtained from the John Day Dam fish collection facility and tests were conducted at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in 2001 and 2002. A new PIT-tagging procedure was used to inject 12-mm tags 5 mm posterior to the gill openings. Lampreys were allowed to recover for 3–4 d following surgery before postmortality and swimming tests were conducted. The PIT tagging procedure during 2001 did not include a suture, and 2.6% of the tags were shed after 40 d. During 2002 a single suture was used to close the opening after inserting a tag, and no tag shedding was observed. Overall short-term mortality rates for lampreys 120–155 mm (total length) held for 40 d at 8°C was 2.2% for tagged and 2.7% for untagged fish. Mortality increased significantly when tagged and untagged groups were held in warmer (19–23°C) river water: 50% for tagged and 60% for untagged animals. Lengths did not significantly affect survival for either the tagged or untagged group held in warm water. A fungal infection was observed to be the cause of death when water temperature increased. Swimming tests to determine any adverse effects due to tag insertion showed no significant difference (P = 0.12) between tagged and untagged lampreys for mean burst speed; however, maximum burst speeds were significantly lower for the PIT-tagged group.
An Improved Differential Box-Counting Approach to Compute Fractal Dimension of Gray-Level Image (2008)

The box counting dimension is widely used for the image processing task. In this paper, The key problems involved in the computation of differential box counting are discussed, which are the range of linear scales and the precise number of boxes, etc, then the precise computing method for box counting dimension is presented. Experiments have been performed on three kinds of images, i.e., synthetic noise images, natural textured images and infrared smoke screen jamming images. The results show that, compared with the traditional differential box counting dimension, the proposed approach not only has more precise estimated value of fractal dimension, but also consumes less computational time.
Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Strain TWAR) Infection With Wheezing, Asthmatic Bronchitis, and Adult-Onset Asthma (1991)

--Some C pneumoniae antibody titers, although not diagnostic of chlamydial infection by present criteria, probably represent acute reinfection or ongoing chronic infection. Repeated or prolonged exposure to C pneumoniae may have a causal association with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis, and asthma.
Carrier Cell–mediated Delivery of a Replication-competent Adenovirus for Cancer Gene Therapy (2007)

Although replication-competent viruses have been developed to treat cancers, their cytotoxic effects are insufficient, as infection is inhibited by the generation of neutralizing antibodies. To address this limitation, we developed a carrier cell system to deliver a replication-competent adenovirus. Carrier cells infected with replication-competent adenovirus were incubated with target cancer cells in a high titer of anti-adenovirus antibody. Carrier cells were injected into syngeneic subcutaneous tumors after immunization with adenovirus. Carrier cell-derived cell fragments containing viral particles were engulfed by proliferative target cancer cells. This engulfment-mediated transfer of adenovirus was not inhibited by the anti-adenovirus antibody and enabled repetitive infection. After the induction of anti-adenoviral cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses by immunization with adenovirus, administration of carrier cells infected with a replication-competent adenovirus induced complete tumor regression. Adenovirus-GM-CSF augmented the anti-tumor effect of carrier cells by increasing anti-adenoviral and anti-tumoral CTL responses and decreased the number of injections of carrier cells required to induce complete tumor regression. This novel carrier cell-mediated viral transfection system might prove useful in a variety of cancer therapies.
Banishing the Men (2008)

On a recent SBS Insight program discussing the federal government's Intervention in the Northern Territory, Des Rogers, an Aboriginal man, pointed out that Aboriginal men had been completely disenfranchised. Tony Abbott added that in a welfare-dependent community, men had no role because there was no work. Rogers said there had been no engagement with Aboriginal men by the task force, that there was now no Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) program, and that the only facilities available for Aboriginal men were the prisons. Jenny Brockie, the moderator of Insight, added that it was Aboriginal men who were the perpetrators. Apparently she meant that they therefore deserved their disenfranchisement and banishment. Sue Gordon, the head of the Intervention task force, managed to point out that not all Aboriginal men were perpetrators.
A 16-channel frequency selection switch for optical FDM distribution systems (1990)

The performance of a 5-GHz-spaced, 16-channel frequency selection switch (FS-SW) for optical frequency division multiplexing (FDM) distribution systems is described. The silica waveguide-type FS-SW is constructed with four serially connected periodic filters integrated on a silicon chip. The required crosstalk level for each periodic filter of the FS-SW was estimated to be -21.0 dB for a 16-channel FS-SW and 23.6 dB for a 128-channel FS-SW. Crosstalk can be independent of the power coupling ratio of the 3-dB-coupler regions by choosing suitable connecting configurations for the periodic filters. A controller for the switch is also described and the desired channel can be selected successfully from among 16 optical carriers under an average crosstalk level of less than -20 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
On the origin of membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria (1998)

It is proposed that the genesis of extracellular membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria is a result of cell wall turnover. Peptidoglycan turnover would cause a turgor on the outer membrane, causing the outer membrane to bulge and finally bleb. Mechanical motion would then shear the blebs into the culture medium.
A multistage RAKE receiver for improved capacity of CDMA systems (2002)

This paper presents a multistage receiver for code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. Previous multistage receivers have lead to improved multiple access (MA) performance, but require knowledge of received signal powers. This paper proposes a "multistage RAKE" receiver which does not require a priori knowledge of the signal powers or the channel. Performance of the multistage RAKE is simulated for Gaussian and multipath channel models, and for the case of imperfect power control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Crystal Structure of the Ternary Complex of Phe-tRNA Phe , EF-Tu, and a GTP Analog (1995)

The structure of the ternary complex consisting of yeast phenylalanyl-transfer RNA (Phe-tRNAPhe), Thermus aquaticus elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), and the guanosine triphosphate (GTP) analog GDPNP was determined by x-ray crystallography at 2.7 angstrom resolution. The ternary complex participates in placing the amino acids in their correct order when messenger RNA is translated into a protein sequence on the ribosome. The EF-Tu-GDPNP component binds to one side of the acceptor helix of Phe-tRNAPhe involving all three domains of EF-Tu. Binding sites for the phenylalanylated CCA end and the phosphorylated 5' end are located at domain interfaces, whereas the T stem interacts with the surface of the beta-barrel domain 3. The binding involves many conserved residues in EF-Tu. The overall shape of the ternary complex is similar to that of the translocation factor, EF-G-GDP, and this suggests a novel mechanism involving "molecular mimicry" in the translational apparatus.
Complexity of the genotype-phenotype correlation in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy with mutations in theLRP5and/orFZD4genes (2005)

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary blinding disorder that features defects in retinal vascular development. The mutations in the genes encoding the Wnt receptor pair, frizzled 4 (FZD4) and low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), have been shown to cause FEVR. In this study we screened 56 unrelated patients with FEVR (31 familial and 25 simplex cases) for possible mutations in LRP5 and FZD4. Six novel mutations in either LRP5 or FZD4 were identified in six familial cases. Four novel mutations in LRP5 and one known mutation in FZD4 were detected in three simplex cases, and two of these patients carried compound heterozygous mutations in LRP5. Remarkably, c.1330C>T [p.R444C] in LRP5 was found in the family in which c.1250G>A [p.R417Q] in FZD4 had previously been identified. The phenotype of these patients suggested a synergistic effect of the two mutations in the independent FEVR-causing genes. We also demonstrated that reduced bone density is a common feature in patients with FEVR who harbor LRP5 mutations. The profile of the mutations obtained in the current study further illustrates the complexity of the disease and provides a better understanding of the spectrum, frequencies, and genotype-phenotype correlation.
Fuzzy precompensation of PID controllers (2002)

While PID controllers are widely used in industrial applications, they exhibit poor performance when applied to systems containing unknown nonlinearities, such as deadzones, saturation, and hysteresis. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy logic-based precompensation approach for PID controllers. We demonstrate the performance of our scheme via experiments performed on a DC servomotor position control testbed under varying load conditions. Our results show that the fuzzy precompensated PID controller has superior performance compared to conventional PID controllers. In addition, the proposed scheme is robust to variations in load. In our experimental testbed the variations in loading conditions correspond to variations in the level of nonlinearities in the plant. Our scheme is easily implemented in practice simply by adding a fuzzy precompensator to an existing PID controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optimal Design of a Single Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Derived from Serotypes 1 and 2 to Achieve More Tightly Regulated Transgene Expression from Nonhuman Primate Muscle (2004)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector supports long-term transgene expression from skeletal muscle in most mammals, including human. In some instances, the requirement for tight control of the transgene expression is expected. The original tetracycline-dependent system using the rtTA (Dox-on) transactivator displayed a baseline activity in the off state but improved versions are now available and need to be evaluated in a single-rAAV-vector strategy. In the present study we cloned, in three different orientations, the two expression cassettes responsible for doxycycline-mediated transgene regulation and further evaluated the basal and inducible activity of the recently described rtTA2S-S2, rtTA2S-M2, and rtTA2S-M2nls transactivators. Evaluations were conducted in vivo in mice and nonhuman primates using the respective homologous erythropoietin cDNA as a reporter gene because of its sensitive detection by ELISA. The woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element sequence was also introduced to enhance further the stringency with respect to basal activity in the absence of inducer.
QSAR and k-Nearest Neighbor Classification Analysis of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Using Topologically-Based Numerical Descriptors (2001)

Experimental IC(50) data for 314 selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are used to develop quantitation and classification models as a potential screening mechanism for larger libraries of target compounds. Experimental log(IC(50)) values ranged from 0.23 to > or = 5.00. Numerical descriptors encoding solely topological information are calculated for all structures and are used as inputs for linear regression, computational neural network, and classification analysis routines. Evolutionary optimization algorithms are then used to search the descriptor space for information-rich subsets which minimize the rms error of a diverse training set of compounds. An eight-descriptor model was identified as a robust predictor of experimental log(IC(50)) values, producing a root-mean-square error of 0.625 log units for an external prediction set of inhibitors which took no part in model development. A k-nearest neighbor classification study of the data set discriminating between active and inactive members produced a nine-descriptor model able to accurately classify 83.3% of the prediction set compounds correctly.
Retinoic acid is required early during adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (2006)

Retinoic acid (RA) is commonly used in vitro to differentiate stem cell populations including adult neural stem cells into neurons; however, the in vivo function of RA during adult neurogenesis remains largely unexplored. We found that depletion of RA in adult mice leads to significantly decreased neuronal differentiation within the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus. RA contribution to neurogenesis occurs early, for RA deficiency also results in a decrease in newborn cells expressing an immature neuronal marker. Furthermore, although proliferation is unaffected during RA absence, cell survival is significantly reduced. Finally, a screen for retinoid-induced genes identifies metabolic targets including the lipid transporters, CD-36 and ABCA-1, the lipogenic master regulator SREBP1c as well as components of the Wnt signaling pathway. Our results reveal RA as a crucial contributor to early stages of adult neurogenesis and survival in vivo.
NG-Hydroxyguanidines from Primary Amines (2006)

A concise and general method for the preparation of N(G)-hydroxyguanidines from primary amines is reported. Using available and readily prepared materials, primary amines are converted to protected N(G)-hydroxyguanidines in a one-pot procedure followed by deprotection under nonreducing conditions. The method has been successfully applied to a number of examples including a high-yielding preparation of N(G)-hydroxy-L-arginine, the intermediate in the enzymatic conversion of L-arginine to nitric oxide and L-citrulline by nitric oxide synthase.
Optimizing SVMs for complex call classification (2003)

Large margin classifiers such as support vector machines (SVM) or Adaboost are obvious choices for natural language document or call routing. However, how to combine several binary classifiers to optimize the whole routing process and how this process scales when it involves many different decisions (or classes) is a complex problem that has only received partial answers. We propose a global optimization process based on an optimal channel communication model that allows a combination of possibly heterogeneous binary classifiers. As in Markov modeling, computational feasibility is achieved through simplifications and independence assumptions that are easy to interpret. Using this approach, we have managed to decrease the call-type classification error rate for AT&T's How May I Help You (HMIHY/sup (sm)/) natural dialog system by 50 %.