gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Osmolyte Taurine Protects against Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Immunosuppression (2007)

Organic osmolytes, such as taurine, are involved in cell volume homeostasis and cell protection. Epidermal keratinocytes possess an osmolyte strategy, i.e., they take up taurine upon hyperosmotic stress and express the corresponding transporter TAUT. UVB irradiation also triggers taurine uptake and TAUT expression in this cell type. We therefore asked whether taurine plays a role in photoprotection. By using a TAUT-deficient mouse model, lack of taurine in the skin was found to cause a significantly higher sensitivity to UVB-induced immunosuppression. This was not due to an increased generation or decreased repair of UVB-induced DNA photoproducts in the skin of these animals. Instead, decreased skin taurine levels were associated with an increased formation of the soluble immunosuppressive molecule platelet-activating factor (PAF) from the membranes of UVB-irradiated epidermal cells. Blocking PAF activity in taut-deficient mice with a PAF receptor antagonist abrogated their increased sensitivity to UVB-induced immunosuppression. Moreover, taut -/- mice were more sensitive to PAF-mediated immunosuppression than taut +/+ mice. These data suggest that taurine uptake by epidermal cells prevents undue PAF formation, and thereby photoimmunosuppression. Thus, similar to nucleotide excision repair, taurine uptake is critically involved in photoprotection of the skin.
Asylum to Anarchy (1989)

Following the classic work on asylums by Erving Goffman, this is a study of democratic tyranny, a tyranny of the therapeutic, in which naked power replaced the ideals of a therapeutic community designed to eliminate hierarchy and bureaucracy. It is a detailed study of a London day hospital, a model community for psychoanalytic treatment in a democratic setting which went badly wrong in its attempt to capture the momentum of de-institutionalization in mental health care. It is also a critique of power for our time, as it moves well beyond a case study to analyse shifts in social control.
Informal workplace communication (1994)

Article Free Access Share on Informal workplace communication: what is it like and how might we support it? Authors: Steve Whittaker Lotus Development Corporation, 1 Rogers St., Cambridge, MA and Office Appliances Dept., Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Filton Road, Bristol, BS12 6QZ, UK Lotus Development Corporation, 1 Rogers St., Cambridge, MA and Office Appliances Dept., Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Filton Road, Bristol, BS12 6QZ, UKView Profile , David Frohlich Office Appliances Dept., Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Filton Road, Bristol, BS12 6QZ, UK Office Appliances Dept., Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Filton Road, Bristol, BS12 6QZ, UKView Profile , Owen Daly-Jones Office Appliances Dept., Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Filton Road, Bristol, BS12 6QZ, UK and Dept. of Psychology, U. of York, York Y01 5DD, UK Office Appliances Dept., Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Filton Road, Bristol, BS12 6QZ, UK and Dept. of Psychology, U. of York, York Y01 5DD, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims CHI '94: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsApril 1994 Pages 131–137https://doi.org/10.1145/191666.191726Published:24 April 1994Publication History 152citation9,908DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations152Total Downloads9,908Last 12 Months1,587Last 6 weeks338 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Agile, detecting and discriminating, infrared electro-optical system (ADDIOS) application to coded aperture imaging and non-imaging sensor systems (2007)

The use of staring infrared imaging systems provides significant advantages for military missions such as single sensor day/night persistent tactical surveillance of all moving vehicles in a large urban battlefield. Monitoring of very wide instantaneous field-of-regard with the capability to allocate parts or all of the video-channel bandwidth for high-resolution imaging of a narrow field of view allows identifying and tracking targets from long standoff distances. This capability has been successfully demonstrated in the Agile, Detecting and Discriminating, Infrared Electro-Optical System (ADDIOS) developed by Applied Science Innovations, Inc. in collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The system features electronically switchable resolution achieved with digital processing gain, which replaced optical or opto-mechanical gain typical of conventional cameras. The output of the system has an order of magnitude higher resolution compared to pixel-limited resolution of the imaging sensor alone. This capability, demonstrated in the working ADDIOS prototype, is universally applicable for boosting resolution of "pixel-hungry" imagers where available pixel counts fall short of desired, e.g., due to technology limitations of high costs. The ADDIOS modular design makes the flexible-resolution imaging core equally applicable to cameras with conventional lenses, coded aperture systems, and potentially other technologies such as holography and optical metrology. The system features millisecond switching speed and low power consumption, combined with reasonable cost, small mass, and compact form factor applicable to retrofitting existing imaging systems. With the experimental prototype already demonstrated in the visible and near-infrared, the spectral range can be expanded into mid-wave and potentially long-wave infrared ranges. The paper summarizes the results of the ADDIOS technology development and addresses their application to DARPA's Large Area Coverage Optical Search-while-Track and Engage (LACOSTE) program, including coded aperture imaging.
Localization of Puroindoline-a and Lipids in Bread Dough Using Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (2002)

Puroindolines are lipid-binding proteins from wheat flour that play a significant role in bread crumb texture. The localization of wheat flour lipids and puroindoline-a (PIN-a) in bread dough was studied by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Wheat lipids were located around gas cells (GC) and embedded within the protein-starch matrix (SPM) of the dough. PIN-a was mainly located in the matrix of dough, where it was associated with lipids. In contrast, in defatted dough, PIN-a was found around GC. Addition of puroindolines in bread dough induced a defatting of the gas bubble surface and a decrease of the lipid vesicles and/or droplet size embedded within the SPM. Therefore, puroindolines control the lipid partitioning within the different phases of dough, a phenomenon that should have important consequence on the gas bubble expansion and GC formation in the further stages (fermentation, baking) of the bread-making process.
Square Planar (SP-4) and Octahedral (OC-6) Complexes of Platinum(II) and -(IV) with Predetermined Chirality at the Metal Center (1996)

cis-Bis-homoleptic platinum(II) complexes, with predetermined helical chirality at the metal center, can be obtained by using strongly sterically interacting ligands. With this aim, two new ligands, (8R,10R)-2-(2'-thienyl)-4,5-pinenopyridine, th4,5ppy (2), and (8R,10R)-2-(2'-thienyl)-5,6-pinenopyridine, th5,6ppy (4), were synthesized and coordinated to platinum. The structures of the resulting complexes, Pt(th4,5ppy)(2) (5) and Pt(th5,6ppy)(2) (6), were determined by X-ray diffraction, and it was found that they both crystallize with a Delta-cis configuration. Thermal oxidative additions (TOA) of alkyl halides were performed with both complexes leading, in the case of 5, to a mixture of isomers and, in the case of 6, to isomerically pure products. The predetermination of chirality at the metal center is therefore preserved in the octahedral (OC-6) platinum(IV) complexes. Crystals of Pt(th4,5ppy)(2) (5) are orthorhombic, of space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with a = 12.973(1) Å, b = 13.619(2) Å, c = 17.665(2) Å, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees, and Z = 4. Final R = 0.0268 and R(w) = 0.0424 for 3101 observed reflections. Crystals of Pt(th5,6ppy)(2) (6) are hexagonal, of space group P6(1), with a = 11.5465(4) Å, b = 11.5465(4) Å, c = 35.356(3) Å, alpha = beta = 90 degrees, gamma = 120 degrees, and Z = 6. Final R = 0.0424 and R(w) = 0.0845 for 2660 observed reflections. Neither molecule possesses a crystallographic C(2) symmetry.
Auxotrophic Yeast Strains in Fundamental and Applied Research (2002)

Molecular genetic tools have become increasingly important in fundamental and applied yeast research. Genetic modifications, such as the targeted inactivation of genes or their controlled (over)expression from episomal or integrating vectors, require the use of selectable marker genes for efficient
Anisotropic thermal expansion of densely cross‐linked oriented polymer networks (1991)

Abstract Densely cross‐linked oriented polymer networks are made by in ‐ situ photopolymerization of oriented liquid‐crystalline diacrylates. Freestanding films that exhibited highly, anisotropic thermal expansion were prepared. The influence of the molecular structure and type and degree of orientation on the anisotrpic thermal expansion is described. The expansion coefficient of uniaxially oriented networks in the direction of the molecular orientation is slightly positive at temperatures below the glass transition of the networks and becomes negative as soon as this transition sets in the result is an effectively zero expansion over a wide temperature range. By introducing a molecular helix in, the network perpendicular to the film surface, a low thermal expansion is established in two directions in the plane of the film or coating.
Subunits of purified calcium channels. Alpha 2 and delta are encoded by the same gene. (1990)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified rabbit skeletal muscle L-type calcium channel before and after reduction of disulfide bonds confirmed that 27- and 24-kDa forms of the delta subunit are disulfide-linked to the 143-kDa alpha 2 subunit. The amino acid sequences of three peptides obtained by tryptic digestion of the delta subunits corresponded to amino acid sequences predicted from the 3' region of the mRNA encoding alpha 2. One of these peptides had the same sequence as the N terminus of the 24- and 27-kDa forms of the delta subunit and corresponded to residues 935-946 of the predicted alpha 2 primary sequence. Anti-peptide antibodies directed to regions on the N-terminal side of this site recognized the 143-kDa alpha 2 subunit in immunoblots of purified calcium channels under reducing conditions, whereas an antipeptide antibody directed toward a sequence on the C-terminal side of this site recognized 24- and 27-kDa forms of the delta subunit. A similar result was obtained after immunoblotting using purified transverse tubules or crude microsomal membrane preparations indicating that alpha 2 and delta occur as distinct disulfide-linked polypeptides in skeletal muscle membranes. Thus, the delta subunits are encoded by the same gene as the alpha 2 subunit and are integral components of the skeletal muscle calcium channel.
Reproducibility of Digital PCR Assays for Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in Advanced Breast Cancer (2016)

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis has the potential to allow non-invasive analysis of tumor mutations in advanced cancer. In this study we assessed the reproducibility of digital PCR (dPCR) assays of circulating tumor DNA in a cohort of patients with advanced breast cancer and assessed delayed plasma processing using cell free DNA preservative tubes. We recruited a cohort of 96 paired samples from 71 women with advanced breast cancer who had paired blood samples processed either immediately or delayed in preservative tubes with processing 48-72 hours after collection. Plasma DNA was analysed with multiplex digital PCR (mdPCR) assays for hotspot mutations in PIK3CA, ESR1 and ERBB2, and for AKT1 E17K. There was 94.8% (91/96) agreement in mutation calling between immediate and delayed processed tubes, kappa 0.88 95% CI 0.77-0.98). Discordance in mutation calling resulted from low allele frequency and likely stochastic effects. In concordant samples there was high correlation in mutant copies per ml plasma (r2 = 0.98; p<0.0001). There was elevation of total cell free plasma DNA concentrations in 10.3% of delayed processed tubes, although overall quantification of total cell free plasma DNA had similar prognostic effects in immediate (HR 3.6) and delayed (HR 3.0) tubes. There was moderate agreement in changes in allele fraction between sequential samples in quantitative mutation tracking (r = 0.84, p = 0.0002). Delayed processing of samples using preservative tubes allows for centralized ctDNA digital PCR mutation screening in advanced breast cancer. The potential of preservative tubes in quantitative mutation tracking requires further research.
Electron velocity distribution functions in a sputtering magnetron discharge for the E×B direction (1998)

The electron velocity distribution function is measured for the E×B (azimuthal) direction in a cylindrically symmetric, planar, sputtering magnetron discharge as a function of height above the cathode. Near the cathode, the distribution function is approximately a warm Maxwellian (Te≈2 eV) shifted in the E×B direction, indicating a strong azimuthal drift. Farther above the cathode, the distribution function is characterized by a cold (Te≈0.5 eV), Maxwellian bulk with energetic, asymmetric tails.
[Serum complement levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis]. (1989)

It is known that serum complement levels are decreased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis associated with vasculitis, also called malignant rheumatoid arthritis (MRA). The complement profiles in patients with MRA were compared with those in uncomplicated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In MRA patients, serum CH50, C4 and C3 levels were all decreased as in SLE patients; and C3d, an activation product of C3, and the C3d/C3 ratio as a C3 activation index were increased. Serum B level was also increased as in RA patients, but AH50 level as the haemolytic activity of the alternative pathway was within the normal range. The regulatory proteins, H and I, were elevated in sera of MRA patients. Circulating immune complexes (CIC) detected by a solid phase C1q binding method were increased, whereas the serum activity to solubilize a performed immune complex (CRA) was decreased in MRA sera. It was suggested that increased consumption of complements, mainly through the classical pathway may be responsible for the complement profiles in MRA patients: a markedly consumed classical pathway and relatively preserved alternative pathway.
Recommendations for Standards in Transthoracic Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in the Dog and Cat (1993)

Recommendations are presented for standardized imaging planes and display conventions for two-dimensional echocardiography in the dog and cat. Three transducer locations ("windows") provide access to consistent imaging planes: the right parasternal location, the left caudal (apical) parasternal location, and the left cranial parasternal location. Recommendations for image display orientations are very similar to those for comparable human cardiac images, with the heart base or cranial aspect of the heart displayed to the examiner's right on the video display. From the right parasternal location, standard views include a long-axis four-chamber view and a long-axis left ventricular outflow view, and short-axis views at the levels of the left ventricular apex, papillary muscles, chordae tendineae, mitral valve, aortic valve, and pulmonary arteries. From the left caudal (apical) location, standard views include long-axis two-chamber and four-chamber views. From the left cranial parasternal location, standard views include a long-axis view of the left ventricular outflow tract and ascending aorta (with variations to image the right atrium and tricuspid valve, and the pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery), and a short-axis view of the aortic root encircled by the right heart. These images are presented by means of idealized line drawings. Adoption of these standards should facilitate consistent performance, recording, teaching, and communicating results of studies obtained by two-dimensional echocardiography.
Induction of visual extinction by rapid‐rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of parietal lobe (1994)

We used repetitive, rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the noninvasive study of visual attention in humans. Six right-handed volunteers completed eight blocks of 20 single- and 10 double-visual-stimulus trials. The visual stimulus was a single asterisk on the right or left side of a computer screen or two asterisks presented simultaneously. The subject had to respond to the stimulus by pressing the right or left response key or both keys simultaneously. During six of the blocks, we applied focal rTMS in trains of five pulses at 25 Hz and 115% of the subject's motor threshold intensity to scalp positions O1, O2, P3, P4, T5, or T6. Occipital rTMS led to a large number of misses of the contralateral asterisk regardless of whether a single or double stimulus was presented. Parietal rTMS did not induce misses of single stimuli but led to a large number of misses of the contralateral asterisk in the double-stimulus condition. The effects of temporal rTMS were inconsistent. We conclude that rTMS to the occipital lobe causes a sensory detection block, whereas rTMS to the parietal lobe can induce selective extinction of contralateral visual stimuli during a simultaneous double stimulus.
Influence of blood flow and the effect of protamine on the thromboresistant properties of a covalently bonded heparin surface (1988)

Polyethylene tubings, 2-mm inner diameter and the length of 1 m, untreated or furnished with a covalently bonded heparin surface layer, were inserted as arteriovenous shunts bilaterally in dogs. By compressing the middle part, the initial blood flow was adjusted to 10 or 40 mL/min. The thrombogenicity of the tubings was assessed by the patency of the shunts and by assaying the generation of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) in arterial blood and in blood after its passage through the shunts. In untreated shunts clotting rapidly occurred preceded by high FPA generation in blood passing through the shunts. The blood flow in heparinized shunts remained unchanged throughout the test period. At the low flow rate a certain degree of FPA generation in the shunts occurred. At the high flow rate no changes in FPA levels occurred. The function of the heparin surface is thus flow rate dependent. Systematic heparinization and subsequent neutralization with protamine or administration of protamine alone did not interfere with the function of the heparin surface.
Feature selection and dimension reduction for automatic gender identification (2009)

Gender identification based on speech signal has become gradually a matter of concern in recent years. In this context 6 feature types including MFCC, LPC, RC, LAR, pitch values and formants are compared for automatic gender identification and three best feature types are selected using four feature selection techniques. These techniques are GMM, decision tree, Fisher's discriminant ratio, and volume of overlap region. A dimension reduction is done on the best three feature types and the best coefficients are then selected from each feature vector. Selected coefficients are evaluated for gender classification using three types of classifiers including GMM, SVM and MLP neural network. 96.09% gender identification performance was obtained as the best performance using the selected coefficients and MLP classifier.
Lysine residues form an integral component of a novel NH2-terminal membrane targeting motif for myristylated pp60v-src. (1992)

Association of pp60v-src with the plasma membrane is fundamental to generation of the transformed phenotype. Although myristylation of pp60v-src is required for interaction with a membrane-bound receptor, the importance of NH2-terminal amino acids in receptor binding has not yet been uncoupled from their role in signaling myristylation. Using chimeric src proteins, peptides identical or related to the NH2 terminus of src, and site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that NH2-terminal lysines in conjunction with myristate are essential for membrane localization. Subsequent to NH2-terminal interaction with the "src receptor," internal regions of the src protein also participate in membrane binding. This novel NH2-terminal motif and internal contact mechanism may direct other members of the src family of tyrosine kinases to their membrane receptors.
The Glycyl Radical Enzyme TdcE Can Replace Pyruvate Formate-Lyase in Glucose Fermentation (1998)

Mutants of Escherichia coli unable to synthesize a functional pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) are severely impaired in their capacity to grow by glucose fermentation. In a functional complementation assay designed to isolate the pfl gene from Clostridium butyricum, we fortuitously identified a gene that did not encode a PFL but nonetheless was able to complement the phenotypic defects caused by an E. coli pfl mutation. The clostridial gene encoded a basic 14. 5-kDa protein (TcbC) which, based on amino acid similarity and analysis of immediately adjacent DNA sequences, was part of a transposase exhibiting extensive similarity to the product of the site-specific transposon Tn554 from Staphylococcus aureus. Our studies revealed that the clostridial TcbC protein activated the transcription of the E. coli tdcABCDEFG operon, which encodes an anaerobic L-threonine-degradative pathway. Normally, anaerobic synthesis of the pathway is optimal when E. coli grows in the absence of catabolite-repressing sugars and in the presence of L-threonine. Although anaerobic control of pathway synthesis was maintained, TcbC alleviated glucose repression. One of the products encoded by the tdc operon, TdcE, has recently been shown to be a 2-keto acid formate-lyase (C. Hesslinger, S. A. Fairhurst, and G. Sawers, Mol. Microbiol. 27:477-492, 1998) that can accept pyruvate as an enzyme substrate. Here we show that TdcE is directly responsible for the restoration of fermentative growth to pfl mutants.