gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infection of rabbit T-cell and macrophage lines with human immunodeficiency virus. (1988)

We report the successful infection of two rabbit T-cell lines and one rabbit macrophage line with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). One T-cell line was a herpesvirus ateles transformant, the other T-cell line was a human T-cell leukemia virus I transformant, and the macrophage line was a simian virus 40 transformant. After infection with a high-titered HIV-1 stock, the rabbit cultures exhibited properties that closely mimic those of HIV-1-infected human cells. Productive infection was evident in cultures 7-14 days after infection, as shown by an increase in reverse transcriptase activity, a concomitant increase in positive cells detected by indirect immunofluorescence using serum from a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and a decrease in cell viability. RNA gel blot hybridization and protein immunoblot analyses of infected cells indicated that all predicted viral transcripts and proteins were synthesized during the course of the infection. Proof that cell-free culture supernatants of the infected rabbit cell lines contained infectious virus was given by successful passage onto a susceptible human T-cell line. The ability of HIV-1 to infect transformed rabbit cell lines in vitro suggests that, with appropriate manipulation, the rabbit may provide a model for infection with HIV-1.
Design and Preparation of Porous Polymers (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTDesign and Preparation of Porous PolymersDingcai Wu*†, Fei Xu†, Bin Sun†, Ruowen Fu†, Hongkun He‡, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski*‡View Author Information† Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China‡ Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States*D. Wu: tel +86-020-84112759; fax +86-020-84112759; e-mail address [email protected]. K. Matyjaszewski: tel 412-2683209; fax 412-2686897; e-mail address [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 7, 3959–4015Publication Date (Web):May 17, 2012Publication History Received22 November 2011Published online17 May 2012Published inissue 11 July 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr200440zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr200440zreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73021Altmetric-Citations1491LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Genetics,Monomers,Polymerization,Polymers,Porosity Get e-Alerts
Overexpression of Cox-2 in Human Osteosarcoma Cells Decreases Proliferation and Increases Apoptosis (2006)

Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is generally considered to promote tumorigenesis. To investigate a potential role of COX-2 in osteosarcoma, we overexpressed COX-2 in human osteosarcoma cells. Saos-2 cells deficient in COX-2 expression were retrovirally transduced or stably transfected with murine COX-2 cDNA. Functional expression of COX-2 was confirmed by Northern and Western analyses and prostaglandin production. Overexpression of COX-2 reduced cell numbers by 50% to 70% compared with controls. Decreased proliferation in COX-2-overexpressing cells was associated with cell cycle prolongation in G(2)-M. Apoptosis, measured by both Annexin V binding assay and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining, was increased in cells overexpressing COX-2, and the increase was not reversed by treatment with NS-398, indicating that the effects were not mediated by prostaglandins. Retroviral COX-2 overexpression in two other human osteosarcoma cell lines, U2OS and TE85, also decreased cell viability. However, in the human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cell line, which is deficient in COX-2, retroviral overexpression of COX-2, at similar efficiency as in Saos-2 cells, increased resistance to apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), measured by flow cytometry, were increased by COX-2 overexpression in Saos-2 cells but not in HCT-116 cells. Inhibition of peroxidase activity, but not of COX activity, blocked the ROS increase. Antioxidants blocked the increase in ROS and the increase in apoptosis due to COX-2 overexpression in Saos-2 cells. Our results suggest that (a) COX-2 overexpression in osteosarcoma cells may increase resistance to tumorigenesis by increasing ROS to levels that decrease cell viability and (b) the effects of COX-2 overexpression are cell type/tissue dependent.
The Endothelin Receptor Antagonist SB 217242 Reduces Cerebral Focal Ischemic Brain Injury (1995)

Previously, we demonstrated that cerebral focal ischemic tissue exhibits a significant increase in immunoreactive endothelin (ET). Because increased ET might exacerbate the consequences of cerebral ischemia, we evaluated the effects of the orally active ETA/B receptor antagonist SB 217242 on middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). SHRs were treated b.i.d. with vehicle or with 3 or 15 mg/kg SB 217242 p.o. for 7 days. Permanent MCAO was performed on day 7 and animals were sacrificed on day 8. Forebrains were stained and the extent of cerebral (i.e., cortical) infarction was determined using image analysis. Hemispheric swelling (%), hemispheric infarct (%), and infarct volume (mm3) were quantitated for each animal. SB 217242 treatment produced a significant decrease in ischemic brain injury. Hemispheric infarction and infarct volume were reduced after the 15 mg/kg treatment (12.0 +/- 1.1% and 69 +/- 6 mm3) compared to vehicle (17.3 +/- 1.5% and 99 +/- 8 mm3) (p < 0.05). No significant effects on hemispheric swelling were observed. This is the first demonstration of an ET receptor antagonist exhibiting efficacy in cerebral focal ischemia. The fact that a 30% reduction in ischemic brain injury can be demonstrated after oral administration of SB 217242 suggests that ET antagonists may be of therapeutic utility in focal stroke.
Image-based spatio-temporal modeling and view interpolation of dynamic events (2005)

We present an approach for modeling and rendering a dynamic, real-world event from an arbitrary viewpoint, and at any time, using images captured from multiple video cameras. The event is modeled as a nonrigidly varying dynamic scene, captured by many images from different viewpoints, at discrete times. First, the spatio-temporal geometric properties (shape and instantaneous motion) are computed. The view synthesis problem is then solved using a reverse mapping algorithm, ray-casting across space and time, to compute a novel image from any viewpoint in the 4D space of position and time. Results are shown on real-world events captured in the CMU 3D Room, by creating synthetic renderings of the event from novel, arbitrary positions in space and time. Multiple such recreated renderings can be put together to create retimed fly-by movies of the event, with the resulting visual experience richer than that of a regular video clip, or switching between images from multiple cameras.
<title>N-FINDR: an algorithm for fast autonomous spectral end-member determination in hyperspectral data</title> (1999)

The analysis of hyperspectral data sets requires the determination of certain basis spectra called 'end-members.' Once these spectra are found, the image cube can be 'unmixed' into the fractional abundance of each material in each pixel. There exist several techniques for accomplishing the determination of the end-members, most of which involve the intervention of a trained geologist. Often these-end-members are assumed to be present in the image, in the form of pure, or unmixed, pixels. In this paper a method based upon the geometry of convex sets is proposed to find a unique set of purest pixels in an image. The technique is based on the fact that in N spectral dimensions, the N-volume contained by a simplex formed of the purest pixels is larger than any other volume formed from any other combination of pixels. The algorithm works by 'inflating' a simplex inside the data, beginning with a random set of pixels. For each pixel and each end-member, the end-member is replaced with the spectrum of the pixel and the volume is recalculated. If it increases, the spectrum of the new pixel replaces that end-member. This procedure is repeated until no more replacements are done. This algorithm successfully derives end-members in a synthetic data set, and appears robust with less than perfect data. Spectral end-members have been extracted for the AVIRIS Cuprite data set which closely match reference spectra, and resulting abundance maps match published mineral maps.
Notes - Preparation of 2-Nitroisonicotinic Acid Hydrazide and 2-Aminoisonicotinic Acid Hydrazide (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Preparation of 2-Nitroisonicotinic Acid Hydrazide and 2-Aminoisonicotinic Acid HydrazideDavid StanonisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 4, 475Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1957Publication History Published online14 April 2003Published inissue 1 April 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01355a628https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01355a628research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Epidemiology ofAspergillusInfections in a Large Cohort of Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation (1997)

To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of Aspergillus infections among marrow transplant recipients, records from 2496 patients were reviewed, and 214 patients had Aspergillus organisms identified. Of these, 158 had invasive aspergillosis, 44 were colonized, and 12 had contaminated cultures. The incidence of invasive aspergillosis increased from 5.7% to 11.2% during the study. The onset of infection was bimodal, peaking 16 and 96 days after transplant. For patients within 40 days after transplant, underlying disease, donor type, season, and transplant outside of laminar air flow rooms were associated with significant risk for invasive aspergillosis. For patients >40 days after transplant, age, underlying disease, donor type, graft-versus-host disease, neutropenia, and corticosteroid use were associated with increased risk of aspergillosis. Only 31% of infected patients were neutropenic at the time of diagnosis. The risk factors for aspergillosis depend on the time after marrow transplant and include both host and environmental characteristics.
Synthesis of the Paralytic Shellfish Poisons (+)-Gonyautoxin 2, (+)-Gonyautoxin 3, and (+)-11,11-Dihydroxysaxitoxin (2016)

The paralytic shellfish poisons are a collection of guanidine-containing natural products that are biosynthesized by prokaryote and eukaryote marine organisms. These compounds bind and inhibit isoforms of the mammalian voltage-gated Na(+) ion channel at concentrations ranging from 10(-11) to 10(-5) M. Here, we describe the de novo synthesis of three paralytic shellfish poisons, gonyautoxin 2, gonyautoxin 3, and 11,11-dihydroxysaxitoxin. Key steps include a diastereoselective Pictet-Spengler reaction and an intramolecular amination of an N-guanidyl pyrrole by a sulfonyl guanidine. The IC50's of GTX 2, GTX 3, and 11,11-dhSTX have been measured against rat NaV1.4, and are found to be 22 nM, 15 nM, and 2.2 μM, respectively.
The role and use of the stochastic linear-quadratic-Gaussian problem in control system design (1971)

The role of the linear-quadratic stochastic control problem in engineering design is reviewed in tutorial fashion. The design approach is motivated by considering the control of a non-linear uncertain plant about a desired input-output response. It is demonstrated how a design philosophy based on 1) deterministic perturbation control, 2) stochastic state estimation, and 3) linearized stochastic control leads to an overall closed-loop control system. The emphasis of the paper is on the philosophy of the design process, the modeling issue, and the formulation of the problem; the results are given for the sake of completeness, but no proofs are included. The systematic off-line nature of the design process is stressed throughout.
Intralenticular Foreign Bodies (1971)

Intralenticular foreign bodies are neither unequivocal antecedents of cataract nor indications for immediate lens extraction. Minute foreign bodies either chemically active or nonmagnetic are preferably left in the lens. Small to medium size magnetic foreign bodies should be extracted with minimal magnetic gauss carefully along the entrance pathway. Capsular tears under 2 mm tend to seal, whereas those of 3 mm or larger may lead to opacity. Major foreign bodies causing extensive cataract should be removed by cryoextraction of the lens, unless multiple capsular tears or perforations are present. Under these conditions, the lens may be allowed to absorb unless glaucoma or uveitis require removal. Foreign bodies should be placed in culture broth after extraction rather than taped to the chart.
Temporal and spatial progression (2003)

Time and space are pervasive in human experience and in language; they are essential in understanding the Discourse Modes. Text progression depends on both domains. The temporal modes progress with changes in time and space, while the atemporal modes progress with metaphorical changes of location through the text domain. This chapter discusses text progression in the temporal modes; the atemporal modes are considered in Chapter 6.
The Weta Teletext Field Trial: Some Technical Concerns (1981)

In contrast to operational Teletext systems in Europe, little is known about the applications for Broadcast Teletext in the U.S. and the requirements for implementation.
Active Compounds from Lagerstroemia speciosa, Insulin-like Glucose Uptake-Stimulatory/Inhibitory and Adipocyte Differentiation-Inhibitory Activities in 3T3-L1 Cells (2008)

Seven ellagitannins, lagerstroemin (1), flosin B (2), stachyurin (3), casuarinin (4), casuariin (5), epipunicacortein A (6), and 2, 3-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-alpha/beta-D-glucose (7), together with one ellagic acid sulfate, 3-O-methyl-ellagic acid 4'-sulfate (8), ellagic acid (9), and four methyl ellagic acid derivatives, 3-O-methylellagic acid (10), 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid (11), 3,4,3'-tri-O-methylellagic acid (12), and 3,4,8,9,10-pentahydroxydibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one (13), were identified by the bioassay-directed isolation from the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. The chemical structures of these components were established on the basis of one- and two-dimensional NMR and high-resolution mass spectroscopic analyses. Other known compounds, including corosolic acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-O-methylprotocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and isoquercitrin, were also isolated from the same plant. The obtained ellagitannins exhibited strong activities in both stimulating insulin-like glucose uptake (1-5 and 7) and inhibiting adipocyte differentiation (1 and 4) in 3T3-L1 cells. Meanwhile, ellagic acid derivatives (10-13) showed an inhibitory effect on glucose transport assay. This study is the first to report an inhibitory effect for methyl ellagic acid derivatives.
Zirconium Diboride (0001) as an Electrically Conductive Lattice-Matched Substrate for Gallium Nitride (2001)

Zirconium diboride (ZrB 2 ) has a hexagonal crystal structure with an in-plane lattice constant of 3.168 Å, very close to that of GaN (3.189 Å). It is a metalloid compound and a very good electrical conductor, with a resistivity of 4.6 µΩ·cm. We propose ZrB 2 (0001) as an electrically conductive lattice-matched substrate for GaN. Firstly, bulk crystal growth of ZrB 2 using a radio frequency (rf)-heated floating zone (FZ) method is presented. Relatively large crystals (φ10 mm×60 mm) were obtained using this method. The thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity of ZrB 2 were evaluated using this crystal. Characterization of ZrB 2 (0001) mirror-polished substrate was carried out by optical microscopic examination and X-ray diffraction. Finally, the results of heteroepitaxial growth are briefly mentioned.
Current use of parenteral nutrition in a pediatric hospital. Comparison to the practise 8 years ago. (2005)

There have been very few changes in the use as well as in the profile of the PN practise during the last decade. Gastrointestinal surgery and prematurity were the most frequent indications.
Discovery of Pyrano[3,4-b]indoles as Potent and Selective HCV NS5B Polymerase Inhibitors (2004)

A novel series of HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors containing a pyrano[3,4-b]indole scaffold is described leading to the discovery of compound 16, a highly potent and selective inhibitor that is active in the replicon system.
Collagen XII and XIV, New Partners of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein in the Skin Extracellular Matrix Suprastructure (2012)

The tensile and scaffolding properties of skin rely on the complex extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds cells, vasculature, nerves, and adnexus structures and supports the epidermis. In the skin, collagen I fibrils are the major structural component of the dermal ECM, decorated by proteoglycans and by fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices such as collagens XII and XIV. Here we show that the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), an abundant component of cartilage ECM, is expressed in healthy human skin. COMP expression is detected in the dermal compartment of skin and in cultured fibroblasts, whereas epidermis and HaCaT cells are negative. In addition to binding collagen I, COMP binds to collagens XII and XIV via their C-terminal collagenous domains. All three proteins codistribute in a characteristic narrow zone in the superficial papillary dermis of healthy human skin. Ultrastructural analysis by immunogold labeling confirmed colocalization and further revealed the presence of COMP along with collagens XII and XIV in anchoring plaques. On the basis of these observations, we postulate that COMP functions as an adapter protein in human skin, similar to its function in cartilage ECM, by organizing collagen I fibrils into a suprastructure, mainly in the vicinity of anchoring plaques that stabilize the cohesion between the upper dermis and the basement membrane zone.
Immune Responses to Therapeutic Proteins in Humans - Clinical Significance, Assessment and Prediction (2002)

There is a large and increasing number of therapeutic proteins approved for clinical use and many more undergoing preclinical studies and clinical trials in humans. Most of them are human or 'humanized' recombinant molecules. Virtually all therapeutic proteins elicit some level of antibody response, which in some cases, can lead to potentially serious side effects. Therefore, immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins is a concern for clinicians, manufacturers and regulatory agencies. In order to assess immunogenicity of these molecules, appropriate detection, quantitation and characterization of antibody responses are necessary. Immune responses to therapeutic proteins in conventional animal models has not been, except in rare cases, predictive of the response in humans. In recent years there has been a considerable progress in development of computational methods for prediction of epitopes in protein molecules that have the potential to induce an immune response in a recipient. Initial attempts to apply such tools in early development of therapeutic proteins have already been reported. It is expected that computer driven prediction followed by in vitro and/or in vivo testing of any potentially immunogenic epitopes will help in avoiding, or at least minimizing, immune responses to therapeutic proteins.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Rosemary and Sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) Essential Oils (2007)

The essential oils of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assayed for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Antimicrobial activity was tested against 13 bacterial strains and 6 fungi, including Candida albicans and 5 dermatomycetes. The most important antibacterial activity of both essential oils was expressed on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, S. enteritidis, and Shigella sonei. A significant rate of antifungal activity, especially of essential oil of rosemary, was also exhibited. Antioxidant activity was evaluated as a free radical scavenging capacity (RSC), together with the effect on lipid peroxidation (LP). RSC was assessed by measuring the scavenging activity of essential oils on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. Effects on LP were evaluated following the activities of essential oils in Fe(2+)/ascorbate and Fe(2+)/H2O2 systems of induction. Investigated essential oils reduced the DPPH radical formation (IC50 = 3.82 microg/mL for rosemary and 1.78 microg/mL for sage) in a dose-dependent manner. Strong inhibition of LP in both systems of induction was especially observed for the essential oil of rosemary.
GALAXY-II: a reference architecture for conversational system development (1998)

GALAXY is a client-server architecture for accessing on-line information using spoken dialogue that we introduced at ICSLP94. It has served as the testbed for developing human language technologies for our group for several years. Recently, we have initiated a significant redesign of the GALAXY architecture to make it easier for many researchers to develop their own applications, using either exclusively their own servers or intermixing them with servers developed by others. This redesign was done in part due to the fact that GALAXY has been designated as the first reference architecture for the new DARPA Communicator Program. The purpose of this paper is to document the changes to GALAXY that led to this first reference architecture, which makes use of a scripting language for flow control to provide flexible interaction among the servers, and a set of libraries to support rapid prototyping of new servers. We describe the new reference architecture in some detail, and report on the current status of its development.