gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-scale Learning with SVM and Convolutional for Generic Object Categorization (2006)

The detection and recognition of generic object categories with invariance to viewpoint, illumination, and clutter requires the combination of a feature extractor and a classifier. We show that architectures such as convolutional networks are good at learning invariant features, but not always optimal for classification, while Support Vector Machines are good at producing decision surfaces from wellbehaved feature vectors, but cannot learn complicated invariances. We present a hybrid system where a convolutional network is trained to detect and recognize generic objects, and a Gaussian-kernel SVM is trained from the features learned by the convolutional network. Results are given on a large generic object recognition task with six categories (human figures, four-legged animals, airplanes, trucks, cars, and "none of the above"), with multiple instances of each object category under various poses, illuminations, and backgrounds. On the test set, which contains different object instances than the training set, an SVM alone yields a 43.3% error rate, a convolutional net alone yields 7.2% and an SVM on top of features produced by the convolutional net yields 5.9%.
A novel separator inlet design (1999)

The Troll Pilot subsea separation system, comprising an oil-water separator and a water injection system, will be installed as a part of the Troll Olje Gas Province (TOGP) development in 1999. The Troll field is located in the North Sea approximately 70 km northwest of Bergen, Norway, and Norsk Hydro is the operator of TOGP. ABB Offshore Technology was awarded the Troll Pilot contract in 1997. The Troll Pilot will basically be a free water knock-out unit, and the wellstream treatment process will consist simply of a liquid-liquid separator. Due to the remote and inaccessible location of the Troll Pilot on 340 m water depth, and due to the difficulties associated with doing retrofits or modifications to the plant once installed, the process and separator design has been designed with care to avoid operational difficulties. As a part of the Troll Pilot process design, Norsk Hydro and ABB have jointly run a program to qualify a new separator inlet design for the Troll Pilot, the semi-cyclone (Norsk Hydro patent pending). The aim of this program was to develop an inlet device which secured a good oil and water quality, allowed for an overall simple separator design and gave as good control of sand deposition as possible. The new inlet has been subject to thorough testing both to ensure process and mechanical integrity, and has been found to compare very favourably with another widely used inlet design. (author)
On-farm Evaporation Basins in South Eastern Australia: Effects of Irrigation/Drainage System Management and Climate Variability (1999)

Adverse downstream environmental impacts of saline subsurface drainage water from irrigation areas have led to increasing pressure to retain drainage effluent on-farm. In the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) of south eastern Australia, this has led to the development of on-farm evaporation basins. The size, design and management of these basins has largely been left to the discretion of the farmer. This paper outlines the use of BASINMAN, a water balance model that links the farm sub-surface drainage system with an evaporation basin situated on farm. In the model, all subsurface drainage water from the farm is pumped to the basin, when the basin is full, subsurface drainage stops until the water level in the basin falls. This is when farm waterlogging is likely to occur. Utilising a 35 year climate record the model was used to determine the factors with greatest impact on farm water tables and the required basin area in such a farm/basin system. Key outputs from the model are daily farm water table depths, and daily basin water depths. When running a simulation using a single climate data set the greatest impact on the farm water table was found to be from parameters that control water entering or leaving the farm/basin system. Irrigation efficiency, which determines the amount of excess water entering the water table and hence needing disposal, is one such parameter, as is regional ground water inflow or outflow, which again affects the amount of water requiring disposal. The effect of extreme rainfall years was also investigated to determine if these periods adversely affected the farm/basin system and what design/management measures were required for such periods. Interestingly there was not a good correlation between annual rainfall and farm waterlogging. Waterlogging predominantly occurred in autumn/winter/spring when evapotranspiration (ET) was low, and increased when late irrigations were applied in autumn, or the water table control depth was shallow. In these circumstances the soil volume has little capacity to store rainfall without causing waterlogging. These results indicate that periods of farm waterlogging are more likely to be due to management than extreme rainfall periods. High basin water levels are most likely to occur during periods of high water tables and are therefore also a result of high rainfall, groundwater inflow and poor irrigation/drainage management. Periods of time when basins are full can be reduced with appropriate basin sighting and good irrigation/drainage management. This way the necessity of releasing water from on farm storage during high rainfall periods can be reduced.
Exploring the effect of microdosing psychedelics on creativity in an open-label natural setting (2018)

While this study provides quantitative support for the cognitive-enhancing properties of microdosing psychedelics, future research has to confirm these preliminary findings in more rigorous placebo-controlled study designs. Based on these preliminary results, we speculate that psychedelics might affect cognitive metacontrol policies by optimizing the balance between cognitive persistence and flexibility. We hope this study will motivate future microdosing studies with more controlled designs to test this hypothesis.
Acid pH‐induced changes in the immunoreactivity of specific antigen and antibody in circulating immune complexes from tuberculosis sera (1992)

The effect of acid pH treatment of circulating immune complexes (CIC) derived from tuberculosis sera was studied on the relative titers of specific antibody (CIC Ab) and mycobacterial antigen (CIC Ag) in the complexes. While the specific antibody titers increased, the titers of CIC Ag declined as a result of acid pH treatment of CIC, both changes being highly significant statistically. Direct exposure of TB sera to pH 2.8 also resulted in significant enhancements in the titers of antibodies directed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.). Competition experiments indicated that the acid pH-treated antibodies retained their antigen specificity. TB sera treated with pH 2.8 for 30 min and then neutralized back to pH 7.4 retained the enhanced antibody reactivity even after 7 days of storage at 4 degrees C. Our results indicate that acid pH treatment induces higher antigen binding ability in anti-M.tb. antibodies, present in free or complexed form in TB sera. These changes appear to be irreversible. Dissociation of CIC and analyzing the titers of released antibody and antigen components offered no advantage with respect to the immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis, as compared to the levels of undissociated CIC components or the serum antibody.
Cloning and characterization of two distinct human extracellular signal-regulated kinase activator kinases, MEK1 and MEK2 (1993)

Mitogen-induced signal transduction is mediated by a cascade of protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. One of the immediate responses of mitogen stimulation is the activation of a family of protein kinases known as mitogen-activated protein kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). MEK (MAP kinase or ERK kinase) is the immediate upstream activator kinase of ERK. Two cDNAs, MEK1 and MEK2, were cloned and sequenced. MEK1 and MEK2 encode 393 and 400 amino acid residues, respectively. The human MEK1 shares 99% amino acid sequence identity with the murine MEK1 and 80% with human MEK2. Both MEK1 and MEK2 were expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to be able to activate recombinant human ERK1 in vitro. The purified MEK2 protein stimulated threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation on ERK1 and concomitantly activated ERK1 kinase activity more than 100-fold. The recombinant MEK2 showed lower activity as an ERK activator as compared with MEK purified from tissue. However, the recombinant MEK2 can be activated by serum-stimulated cell extract in vitro. MEKs, in a manner similar to ERKs, are likely to consist of a family of related proteins playing critical roles in signal transduction.
p100: A Novel Proliferation-Associated Nuclear Protein Specifically Restricted to Cell Cycle Phases S, G2 , and M (1997)

By immunization with nuclear lysates of L428 cells, we raised a monoclonal mouse antibody, Ki-S2 (IgG1). In Western blots, this antibody recognizes a nuclear antigen with an apparent molecular mass of 100 kD, termed p100. Protein sequencing of p100 showed that this is a hitherto unknown protein. Immunohistochemical examination of cryostat and paraffin sections of nearly all human tissue types and neoplasms showed that p100 was exclusively expressed in the nuclei of a fraction of proliferating cells. Cell sorting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed that p100 was exclusively expressed in proliferating cells from the transition G1/S until the end of cytokinesis. During mitosis, this protein is strictly associated with the spindle pole and with the mitotic spindle, whereas during S and G2, p100 is diffusely distributed throughout the cell nucleus. Immediately after completion of cytokinesis, p100 was rapidly degraded. In L428 cells, p100 is phosphorylated at least during mitosis. It has a turnover time of about 1 hour. Studies on routinely processed paraffin sections of specimens of malignant lymphoma, benign and malignant nevocellular tumors, and breast cancer showed that in all cases less than 40% of the Ki-67-positive growth fraction expressed p100. Thus, p100 might prove to be a more reliable measure of cellular proliferation and one that is more closely correlated to cancer prognosis, beyond its general biologic relevance as a cell cycle protein.
Crystallographic refinement and atomic models of a human Fc fragment and its complex with fragment B of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus at 2.9- and 2.8-.ANG. resolution (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTCrystallographic refinement and atomic models of a human Fc fragment and its complex with fragment B of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus at 2.9- and 2.8-.ANG. resolutionJohann DeisenhoferCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 9, 2361–2370Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00512a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00512a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4610Altmetric-Citations1289LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Novel Methodologies for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates (2004)

Cyclic carbonates are valuable compounds that have applications in a variety of chemical fields. Methodologies for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates are well investigated in recent years, and the most successful and popular procedure is the utilization of CO(2). This paper presents recent progress in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates by a CO(2)-fixation process, which involves novel palladium-catalyzed CO(2)-recycling reactions.
Heregulin Induces Transcriptional Activation of the Progesterone Receptor by a Mechanism That Requires Functional ErbB-2 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Breast Cancer Cells (2003)

The present study addresses the capacity of heregulin (HRG), a ligand of type I receptor tyrosine kinases, to transactivate the progesterone receptor (PR). For this purpose, we studied, on the one hand, an experimental model of hormonal carcinogenesis in which the synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) induced mammary adenocarcinomas in female BALB/c mice and, on the other hand, the human breast cancer cell line T47D. HRG was able to exquisitely regulate biochemical attributes of PR in a way that mimicked PR activation by progestins. Thus, HRG treatment of primary cultures of epithelial cells of the progestin-dependent C4HD murine mammary tumor line and of T47D cells induced a decrease of protein levels of PRA and -B isoforms and the downregulation of progesterone-binding sites. HRG also promoted a significant increase in the percentage of PR localized in the nucleus in both cell types. DNA mobility shift assay revealed that HRG was able to induce PR binding to a progesterone response element (PRE) in C4HD and T47D cells. Transient transfections of C4HD and T47D cells with a plasmid containing a PRE upstream of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene demonstrated that HRG promoted a significant increase in CAT activity. In order to assess the molecular mechanisms underlying PR transactivation by HRG, we blocked ErbB-2 expression in C4HD and T47D cells by using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to ErbB-2 mRNA, which resulted in the abolishment of HRG's capacity to induce PR binding to a PRE, as well as CAT activity in the transient-transfection assays. Although the inhibition of HRG binding to ErbB-3 by an anti-ErbB-3 monoclonal antibody suppressed HRG-induced PR activation, the abolishment of HRG binding to ErbB-4 had no effect on HRG activation of PR. To investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), we used the selective MEK1/MAPK inhibitor PD98059. Blockage of MAPK activation resulted in complete abrogation of HRG's capacity to induce PR binding to a PRE, as well as CAT activity. Finally, we demonstrate here for the first time that HRG-activated MAPK can phosphorylate both human and mouse PR in vitro.
Selection of the Most Relevant Physiological Features for Classifying Emotion (2015)

International audience
Immunotoxin-mediated elimination of clonogenic tumor cells in the presence of human bone marrow. (1985)

Abstract An immunotoxin was synthesized with pokeweed antiviral protein and an IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against human B and pre-B cells. The B43 murine monoclonal antibody does not react with normal human bone marrow precursor cells. The immunotoxin bound to all Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines that were tested but not to human peripheral blood T cells. The ability of antibody-toxin conjugate to inhibit human lymphoblast cell lines was checked in a clonogenic assay system. The immunotoxin in the presence of chloroquine elicited 5.8 logs of killing of Burkitt's lymphoma cells (B-ALL). The efficient inhibition of clonogenic growth of B-ALL cells was not affected by the presence of normal bone marrow cells. The immunotoxin was not very toxic to pluripotent stem cells; less than 50% of the stem cells were lost under conditions where 5.6 logs of clonogenic lymphoma cells were eliminated from a 100-fold excess of normal marrow cells. Further, when assayed by long-term human bone marrow cultures, immunotoxin treatment did not result in a significant loss of pluripotent precursor cells.
Cyanuric Chloride Derivatives. III. Alkoxy-s-triazines (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyanuric Chloride Derivatives. III. Alkoxy-s-triazinesJames R. Dudley, Jack T. Thurston, Frederic C. Schaefer, Dagfrid Holm-Hansen, Clarence J. Hull, and Pierrepont AdamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 7, 2986–2990Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01151a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01151a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2266Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transgenerational gene silencing causes gain of virulence in a plant pathogen (2013)

Avirulence (Avr) genes of plant pathogens encode effector proteins that trigger immunity in plants carrying appropriate resistance (R) genes. The Phytophthora sojae Avr3a gene displays allelic variation in messenger RNA transcript levels. P. sojae strains with detectable Avr3a gene transcripts are avirulent on plants carrying the R-gene Rps3a, whereas strains lacking Avr3a mRNA escape detection by Rps3a and are virulent. Here we show non-Mendelian interactions between naturally occurring Avr3a alleles that result in transgenerational gene silencing, and we identify small RNA molecules of 25 nucleotides that are abundant in gene-silenced strains but not in strains with Avr3a mRNA. This example of transgenerational gene silencing is exceptional because it is naturally occurring and results in gain of virulence in a pathogenic organism.
Characterization of rabbit myocilin: Implications for human myocilin glycosylation and signal peptide usage (2003)

We have cloned the rabbit MYOC cDNA and determined that rabbit myocilin is secreted but not N-linked glycosylated. Knowledge of the rabbit MYOC cDNA sequence will facilitate future studies in the rabbit animal model examining the role of myocilin in steroid-induced glaucoma and the gain-of-function hypothesis in open-angle glaucoma.
[The expression of 11 cancer/testis (CT) antigen genes in esophageal carcinoma]. (2005)

Of the 11 different CT antigen genes examined by RT-PCR in esophageal carcinoma, 8 genes were detected in various frequencies in 28 of the 35 esophageal cancer patients studied. They are candidate tumor-associated antigens in the preparation of tumor vaccines for immunotherapy in esophageal cancer patients.
An intelligent agent-based knowledge broker for enterprise-wide healthcare knowledge procurement (2003)

Within the confines of a healthcare enterprise memory (HEM), most traditional medical systems do not sufficiently provide the necessary assistance to healthcare practitioners in the handling of critical situations. Furthermore, localized knowledge repositories often lack the required knowledge for problem solving. Therefore, in this paper, we present an agent-based knowledge broker called the Intelligent Healthcare Knowledge Assistant (IHKA) for dynamic knowledge gathering, filtering, adaptation and acquisition from a HEM comprising an amalgamation of (i) databases storing empirical knowledge, (ii) case bases storing experiential knowledge, (iii) scenario bases storing tacit knowledge and (iv) document bases storing explicit knowledge. The featured work leverages intelligent agent techniques for autonomous HEM-wide navigation, approximate content matching, inter- and intra-content correlation, and knowledge adaptation and procurement to meet the user's healthcare knowledge needs.
An Editorial: The Shiraz Festival (1976)

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Bcl-2 prevents death of factor-deprived cells but fails to prevent apoptosis in targets of cell mediated killing (1992)

'Programmed cell death' has been used to describe the death of cells killed by cytotoxic T cells or growth factor deprivation. Although bcl-2 can prevent death of cells deprived of growth factor, it failed to protect cells against T cell killing. In spite of bcl-2 expression, the DNA of targeted cells was degraded into nucleosome-sized fragments. Therefore the early steps in apoptosis induced by factor deprivation differ from those triggered by cytotoxic T cells, although they share a common final pathway featuring degradation of the DNA and loss of cytoplasmic membrane integrity.
Electrical signal processing techniques in long-haul, fiber-optic systems (1990)

Intersymbol interference in long-haul fiber-optic systems can severely degrade performance and consequently limit both the maximum distance and data rate. The sources of intersymbol interference include nonlinearity in the transmit laser, chromatic dispersion in systems operated at wavelengths other than the dispersion minimum of the fiber, polarization dispersion, and bandwidth limitations in the receiver. The authors discuss several techniques for reducing intersymbol interference in single-mode fiber systems with single-frequency lasers and show which techniques are appropriate at high data rates in direct and coherent detection systems. In particular, the performance of linear equalization, nonlinear cancellation, and maximum likelihood detection is analyzed. Computer simulation results for an 8 Gb/s system using measured laser and receiver characteristics showed that in direct detection systems, a 6-tap linear equalizer can reduce the penalty due to chromatic and polarization dispersion by more than 1 dB (or increase the dispersion-limited distance by more than 20%). Nonlinear cancellation and maximum likelihood detection can reduce the penalty even further, more than doubling the dispersion-limited distance in some cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2005)

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a recently developed approach to treat dilated heart failure with discoordinate contraction. Such dyssynchrony typically stems from electrical delay that then translates into mechanical delay between the septal and lateral walls. Over the past decade, many studies have examined the pathophysiology of cardiac dyssynchrony, tested the effects of cardiac resynchronization on heart function and energetics,tested the chronic efficacy of this therapy to enhance symptoms and reduce mortality, and better established which patients are most likely to benefit. This brief review discusses these topics.