gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pleiotropic Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)-Based Therapies on Vascular Complications in Diabetes (2011)

Accelerated atherosclerosis and microvascular complications are the leading causes of coronary heart disease, end-stage renal failure, acquired blindness and a variety of neuropathies, which could account for disabilities and high mortality rates in patients with diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) belongs to the incretin hormone family. L cells in the small intestine secrete GLP-1 in response to food intake. GLP-1 not only enhances glucose-evoked insulin release from pancreatic β-cells, but also suppresses glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells. In addition, GLP-1 slows gastric emptying. Therefore, enhancement of GLP-1 secretion is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a responsible enzyme that mainly degrades GLP-1, and the half-life of circulating GLP-1 is very short. Recently, DPP-4 inhibitors and DPP-4-resistant GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have been developed and clinically used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as a GLP-1-based medicine. GLP-1R is shown to exist in extra-pancreatic tissues such as vessels, kidney and heart, and could mediate the diverse biological actions of GLP-1 in a variety of tissues. So, in this paper, we review the pleiotropic effects of GLP-1-based therapies and its clinical utility in vascular complications in diabetes.
<title>Update on 4x2.5-Gb/s 4.4-km free-space optical communications link: availability and scintillation performance</title> (1999)

We present new performance results for a multi-gigabit terrestrial free-space laser communications system. The measured laser communication link performance parameters include: link bit-error-rate, received optical power, scintillation characteristics and atmospheric visibility.
ChemInform Abstract: Ge2ZrO6F2× (H2DAB)H2O: A 4‐Connected Microporous Material with “Bow Tie” Building Units and an Exceptional Proportion of 3‐Rings. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A review on factors affecting the design of nasal drug delivery system (2011)

Transmucosal nasal delivery is a promising drug delivery option where common drug administrations (e.g., intravenous, intramuscular, or oral) are inapplicable. Recently, it has been shown that many drugs have better bioavailability by nasal route than by oral route. This has been attributed to rich vasculature and a highly permeable structure of the nasal mucosa coupled with avoidance of hepatic first-pass elimination, gut wall metabolism and/or destruction in the gastrointestinal tract. The physiology of the nose presents obstacles, but offers a promising route for non-invasive systemic delivery of numerous therapies and debatably drug delivery route to the brain. To overcoming problems in nasal drug delivery requires deep understanding of the various factors affecting nasal delivery. Thus present review focuses on various aspects of nasal drug delivery with special emphasis to factors affecting nasal drug administration. Keywords: Transmucosal nasal delivery, hepatic first-pass metabolism, non-invasive, microemulsions, microspheres.
An authentication and key distribution system for open network systems (1996)

article Free Access Share on An authentication and key distribution system for open network systems Authors: Shiuh-Pyng Shieh Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, TaiwanView Profile , Wen-Her Yang Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, TaiwanView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 30Issue 2April 1996 pp 32–41https://doi.org/10.1145/232302.232305Published:01 April 1996Publication History 8citation337DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads337Last 12 Months18Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Nanofabrication of Self-Assembled Monolayers Using Scanning Probe Lithography (2000)

This Account focuses on our recent and systematic effort in the development of generic scanning probe lithography (SPL)-based methodologies to produce nanopatterns of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The key to achieving high spatial precision is to keep the tip-surface interactions strong and local. The approaches used include two AFM-based methods, nanoshaving and nanografting, which rely on the local force, and two STM-based techniques, electron-induced diffusion and desorption, which use tunneling electrons for fabrication. In this Account we discuss the principle of these procedures and the critical steps in controlling local tip-surface interactions. The advantages of SPL will be illustrated through various examples of production and modification of SAM nanopatterns and their potential applications.
Small Molecule Inhibitor of CBFβ-RUNX Binding for RUNX Transcription Factor Driven Cancers (2016)

Transcription factors have traditionally been viewed with skepticism as viable drug targets, but they offer the potential for completely novel mechanisms of action that could more effectively address the stem cell like properties, such as self-renewal and chemo-resistance, that lead to the failure of traditional chemotherapy approaches. Core binding factor is a heterodimeric transcription factor comprised of one of 3 RUNX proteins (RUNX1-3) and a CBFβ binding partner. CBFβ enhances DNA binding of RUNX subunits by relieving auto-inhibition. Both RUNX1 and CBFβ are frequently mutated in human leukemia. More recently, RUNX proteins have been shown to be key players in epithelial cancers, suggesting the targeting of this pathway could have broad utility. In order to test this, we developed small molecules which bind to CBFβ and inhibit its binding to RUNX. Treatment with these inhibitors reduces binding of RUNX1 to target genes, alters the expression of RUNX1 target genes, and impacts cell survival and differentiation. These inhibitors show efficacy against leukemia cells as well as basal-like (triple-negative) breast cancer cells. These inhibitors provide effective tools to probe the utility of targeting RUNX transcription factor function in other cancers.
Isolation of a human hepatic ferritin receptor (1988)

A human hepatic ferritin receptor has been isolated from human liver and has been purified using affinity chromatography. An affinity constant of 6.0 x 10(8) moles-1 liter was determined for the ferritin receptor. The molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 53,000 by gel electrophoresis. Binding of ferritin to the receptor coupled to a microparticulate support was specific for human liver ferritin with no binding of rat or porcine ferritin. Binding was unaffected by a 100-fold excess of human transferrin, human asialoorosomucoid and bovine albumin. After treatment of the receptor protein with trypsin, binding was not detected. The human hepatic ferritin receptor may play an important role in the uptake of iron into the hepatocyte in physiological and pathological conditions.
Survival of Salmonella in bathrooms and toilets in domestic homes following salmonellosis (2000)

The survival and environmental spread of Salmonella bacteria from domestic toilets was examined in homes, where a family member had recently suffered an attack of salmonellosis. In four out of six households tested, Salmonella bacteria persisted in the biofilm material found under the recess of the toilet bowl rim which was difficult to remove with household toilet cleaners. In two homes Salmonella bacteria became incorporated into the scaly biofilm adhering to the toilet bowl surface below the water line. Salmonella enteritidis persisted in one toilet for 4 weeks after the diarrhoea had stopped, despite the use of cleaning fluids. Salmonellas were not isolated from normally dry areas such as, the toilet seat, the flush handle and door handle. Toilet seeding experiments were set up with Salmonella enteritidis PT4 to mimic environmental conditions associated with acute diarrhoea. Flushing the toilet resulted in contamination of the toilet seat and the toilet seat lid. In one out of three seedings, Salmonella bacteria were also isolated from an air sample taken immediately after flushing, indicating that airborne spread of the organism could contaminate surfaces in the bathroom. In the seeded toilet Salmonella bacteria were isolated from the biofilm in the toilet bowl below the waterline for up to 50 d after seeding, and also on one occasion from the bowl water. The results suggest that during diarrhoeal illness, there is considerable risk of spread of Salmonella infection to other family members via the environment, including contaminated hands and surfaces in the toilet area.
Space-Time Block Codes Assisted by Fast Turbo Codes (2008)

Space-time coding is widely used in wireless communication systems to provide diversity gain and channel coding is used to increase coding gain. In this paper, we investigate a new method for turbo codes which is dividing turbo encoder and decoder into several parallel coding and decoding blocks. These blocks work simultaneously and yield to much faster coding scheme in comparison with classical turbo codes. We compare simulation results of these new turbo codes with classical turbo codes to demonstrate that their performance is comparable with classical turbo codes, albeit they are much faster. Also, we introduce a new system by concatenating this fast turbo coding as outer code with Alamouti's G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> space-time block coding scheme as inner code to achieve the benefits of both techniques including acceptable diversity & coding gain as well as short coding delay. We consider the performance of this new system in the block Rayleigh fading channel.
Low-power branch prediction (2005)

Low-power design has gained much attention recently, especially for computing on batterypowered equipments. Reducing BTB (branch target buffer) accesses is an effective way to reduce processor power consumption, since BTB consumes a significant portion of power in a processor. In this paper, we propose two approaches to reduce BTB accesses. The first approach expects the distance of every two dynamic branch instructions to be a constant n, where n can be statically profiled, and forces BTB to repose for n instructions after a BTB hit. The second approach dynamically predicts the address of the next branch instruction, and accesses BTB only on the predicted address. Multimedia/DSP benchmarks are used in our evaluation. Experimental results show that these methods can potentially reduce 22.033 % of all BTB accesses.
Human hematopoietic progenitor cells in long-term cultures express HLA-DR antigens and lack HLA-DQ antigens. (1985)

The expression of HLA-DR antigenic determinants on human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) capable of differentiating into mature blood cells, as determined in semisolid cultures, has been demonstrated previously (3-7). Here, we investigated the expression of class II determinants on HPC responsible for the sustained proliferation of colony-forming units of granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM), of multilineage HPC (CFU-GEMM, granulocyte/erythrocyte/macrophage/megakaryocyte), and burst-forming units of erythroid cells (BFU-E) in liquid long-term cultures. Using both fluorescence-activated cell sorting and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays, HLA-DR determinants could be identified on virtually all these HPC capable of proliferating in long-term cultures. Experiments in which the stromal layer had been irradiated provided evidence that the HPC themselves were truly HLA-DR+, and that the sustained proliferation of HPC was not due to activation of HLA-DR- residual HPC in the stromal layer by reinoculated HLA-DR+ accessory cells. Furthermore, it was shown that all HPC recognized in semisolid and liquid long-term cultures were HLA-DQ-. These results suggest that the human true pluripotential stem cell is HLA-DR+. These results open the possibility of studying class II-dependent regulation of hematopoiesis in liquid long-term cultures.
Performance Enhancement of Vertical Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor with SiGe in the δp+ Layer (2004)

The metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS)-based vertical tunnel field effect transistor (FET) on silicon has been proposed earlier and which showed gate-controlled band-to-band tunneling from the valence band in the heavily doped δ p + layer at source to the conduction band in the inversion channel. In this work, using 2D computer simulation, we further investigate the device performance enhancement with SiGe in the δ p + layer. On-current as well as threshold voltage are seen to improve considerably and meet the roadmap technology requirements. We also show that unlike the conventional MOSFET, the subthreshold swing of the vertical tunnel FET is not limited to the theoretical value of 60 mV/dec at room temperature.
Metabolic changes associated with cold‐acclimation in contrasting cultivars of barley (1995)

Cereal plants become more resistant to freezing when first exposed to a period of cold‐acclimation. Many physiological and molecular changes have been shown to occur at low temperatures, but the role and the contribution of each to frost resistance is still poorly understood. Two cultivars of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), the winter barley Onice and the spring barley Gitane, were acclimated under controlled conditions under an 8‐h photoperiod at 4°C (light) and 2°C (dark) for 21 days. Changes in free proline, ABA, water‐soluble carbohydrates and free fatty acids were measured to assess their involvement in cold‐acclimation and to explain the different frost‐resistant capacities of the two cultivars. Exposure of barley plants to low temperature resulted in an equal increase in proline in both cultivars. During the first days of cold acclimation, ABA levels showed a peak in the frost‐resistant cultivar, lasting about 24 h, followed by a decrease. The water soluble carbohydrates reached their highest content after 3 days of hardening, although after 14 to 21 days of acclimation the carbohydrate content was similar to that of unhardened plants. The frost‐resistant Onice had a much higher free fatty acid content than the frost‐sensitive Gitane. Furthermore in Onice 86% of free farty acids was represented by unsaturated molecular species. Inolenic acid alone being 71%. In contrast, in the frost‐sensitive cultivar only 31% of free fatty acids was unsaturated and a large amount of 9‐oxo‐nonanoic acid, a product present in the linolenic acid cascade, was also detected. The ABA content after 2 days of hardening and the free fatty acid composition were clearly different between the two cultivars and may explain, at least in part, the different frost‐resistant capacities of Onice and Gitane.
Design and Performance Of Active Power Filters (1998)

This article has demonstrated the feasibility of a three phase active filter based on a half-bridge topology. Design guidelines for the power circuit have been derived and applied to a 5 kVA IGBT laboratory prototype. In the single phase mode, the active filter can reduce the low frequency harmonic content in the AC line to below 1% excluding the harmonics due to switching action of the converter. In the three phase mode, line currents are corrected under balanced and unbalanced conditions. The neutral current is reduced significantly.
Design of a K- thru Ka-band modified Butler matrix feed for a 4-arm spiral antenna (2010)

A computational model of a wideband μ-coaxial based modified 4×4 Butler matrix feed network for a four-arm spiral antenna is discussed in this paper. Each component within the Butler matrix is fully characterized using the finite element method and their performance is compared with the commercially available counterparts. A method of moments model of a four-arm spiral antenna for 18-40 GHz is also developed and used to determine the effects of the Butler matrix feed on the antenna pattern purity. The designed Butler matrix is 22 × 20 × 1 mm (L × W × H) in size and operates over the entire 18-40 GHz range.
GAMYB-like Genes, Flowering, and Gibberellin Signaling in Arabidopsis (2001)

We have identified three Arabidopsis genes withGAMYB-like activity, AtMYB33,AtMYB65, and AtMYB101, which can substitute for barley (Hordeum vulgare) GAMYB in transactivating the barley α-amylase promoter. We have investigated the relationships between gibberellins (GAs), theseGAMYB-like genes, and petiole elongation and flowering of Arabidopsis. Within 1 to 2 d of transferring plants from short- to long-day photoperiods, growth rate and erectness of petioles increased, and there were morphological changes at the shoot apex associated with the transition to flowering. These responses were accompanied by accumulation of GAs in the petioles (GA1 by 11-fold and GA4 by 3-fold), and an increase in expression of AtMYB33 at the shoot apex. Inhibition of GA biosynthesis using paclobutrazol blocked the petiole elongation induced by long days. Causality was suggested by the finding that, with GA treatment, plants flowered in short days, AtMYB33expression increased at the shoot apex, and the petioles elongated and grew erect. That AtMYB33 may mediate a GA signaling role in flowering was supported by its ability to bind to a specific 8-bp sequence in the promoter of the floral meristem-identity gene, LEAFY, this same sequence being important in the GA response of theLEAFY promoter. One or more of theseAtMYB genes may also play a role in the root tip during germination and, later, in stem tissue. These findings extend our earlier studies of GA signaling in the Gramineae to include a dicot species, Arabidopsis, and indicate that GAMYB-like genes may mediate GA signaling in growth and flowering responses.
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF p-AMINOBENZOIC ACID BY MYCOBACTERIUM SMEGMATIS (1951)

In previous communicationsMayer (1) described the formation of a yellow pigment when acid-fast bacilli were grown in the presence of paminobenzoic acid (PABA).It was concluded that this pigment is a metabolite of PABA and, although its composition is unknown, the chemical data obtained suggest that it is composed of or contains oxidation products of PABA.Cushing and Reid (2) also noted that a yellow pigment was produced by Neurospora from PABA.Further investigations on this problem have been concerned with the intermediary metabolism of PABA by Mycobacterium smegmatis.It is the purpose of this publication to present data on (a) the formation of aniline from PABA and (b) the oxidation of aniline to p-aminopherol by M. smegmatis.EXPERIMENTAL
Humanized bispecific antibodies retargeting of lymphocytes against tumor cells (2008)

液性免疫を担う主たる分子である抗体は，高い特異性と親和性ゆえに，分析試薬，診断薬のみならず，医薬としても開発されている．すでにFDAに20品目以上認可されており，100品目以上臨床研究に入っているともされるが，効果が不充分であったり，生産コスト高が問題となっている．そこで，ヒトあるいはヒト型化された抗体断片を用いた，より高機能な組換え抗体の研究が広く進められるようになった．本稿では，特にリンパ球とがん細胞を標的とした二重特異性抗体に焦点を絞り，新規な抗体医薬としてのがん治療への応用と展望を解説した．
Properties of the Novel Proinflammatory Supergene "Intercrine" Cytokine Family (1991)

A family consisting of at least ten distinct novel 8-10 kd cytokines has been identified over the past 12 years. These cytokines exhibit from 20 to 45% homology in amino acid sequence, are probably all basic heparin-binding polypeptides, and have proinflammatory and reparative activities. The cDNA for these cytokines are characterized by conserved single open reading frames, typical signal sequences in the 5' region, and AT rich sequences in the 3' untranslated regions. Those human cytokines known as interleukin 8, platelet factor 4, beta thromboglobulin, IP-10 and melanoma growth stimulating factor or GRO can be assigned to a subfamily based on their location on chromosome 4 and unique structural features, whereas the second subset consisting of LD78, ACT-2, I-309, RANTES, and macrophage chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) are all closely linked on human chromosome 17. In this review we have summarized and discussed the available information concerning the regulation and structure of the genes, the structure and biochemical properties of the polypeptide products, their receptors, signal transduction, cell sources, and in vitro as well as in vivo activities of these cytokines.
A joint-ONU interval-based dynamic scheduling algorithm for Ethernet passive optical networks (2006)

This paper proposes a new dynamic bandwidth allocation system for Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs), subject to requirements of fairness, efficiency, and cost. An Optical Line Terminal (OLT)-centric bandwidth allocation model is proposed which employs a credit pooling technique combined with a weighted-share policy to partition the upstream bandwidth among different classes of service, and to prevent Optical Network Units (ONUs) from monopolizing the bandwidth. The OLT-centric model allows global optimization of network resources, a characteristic which is not found in many earlier proposals. Supported by the new bandwidth allocation, the paper proposes a joint-ONU interval-based packet scheduling algorithm, referred to herein as COPS (Class-of-service Oriented Packet Scheduling), that meets the requirements set out above. We compare COPS with another well-known scheduling algorithm which employed a standard priority-based bandwidth sharing. We show that COPS is superior in terms of network utilization and maximum packet delay, with the consequence of an increase in average packet delay for the premium traffic. This drawback is overcome by combining COPS with a rate-based optimization scheme
Minimizing Calibration Effort for an Indoor 802.11 Device Location Measurement System (2003)

Using an 802.11 wireless client as a location sensor is an increasingly popular way of enabling location-based services. Triangulation on signal strengths from multiple access points can be used to pinpoint location down to a few meters. However, this level of accuracy comes at the price of a manual, tedious, spatially highdensity calibration of signal strength as a function of location. This paper presents a new 802.11 location algorithm based on a relatively coarse calibration. This helps answer the question of how accurate location can be computed based on a realistic level of calibration effort. The algorithm uses an interpolation function that gives location as a function of signal strength. As such, it is suited to maintaining some degree of performance in spite of reduced calibration data. We use this feature to test the effect of reducing the number of calibration readings per location and the number of locations visited during calibration. Our experiments show that calibration effort can be significantly reduced with only a minor reduction in spatial accuracy. This effectively diminishes one of the most daunting practical barriers to wider adoption of this type of location measurement technique. 1