gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel pulsed gas metal arc welding system with direct droplet transfer close-loop control (1994)

In pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW), a predominant parameter that has to be monitored and controlled in real time for maintaining process stability and ensuring weld quality, is droplet transfer. Based on the close correlation between droplet transfer and arc light radiant flux in GMAW of steel and aluminum, a direct closed-loop droplet transfer control system for pulsed GMAW with arc light sensor has been developed. By sensing the droplet transfer directly via the arc light signal, a pulsed GMAW process with real and exact one-pulse, one-droplet transfer has been achieved. The novel pulsed GMAW machine consists of three parts: a sensing system, a controlling system, and a welding power system. The software used in this control system is capable of data sampling and processing, parameter matching, optimum parameter restoring, and resetting. A novel arc light sensing system has been developed. The sensor is small enough to be clamped to a semiautomatic welding torch. Based on thissensingn system, a closed-loop droplet transfer control system of GMAW of steel and aluminum has been built and a commercial prototype has been made. The system is capable of keeping one-pulse, one-droplet transfer against external interferences. The welding process with this control systemmore » has been proved to be stable, quiet, with no spatter, and provide good weld formation.« less
A Coordinated Approach to Channel Estimation in Large-Scale Multiple-Antenna Systems (2013)

This paper addresses the problem of channel estimation in multi-cell interference-limited cellular networks. We consider systems employing multiple antennas and are interested in both the finite and large-scale antenna number regimes (so-called "massive MIMO"). Such systems deal with the multi-cell interference by way of per-cell beamforming applied at each base station. Channel estimation in such networks, which is known to be hampered by the pilot contamination effect, constitutes a major bottleneck for overall performance. We present a novel approach which tackles this problem by enabling a low-rate coordination between cells during the channel estimation phase itself. The coordination makes use of the additional second-order statistical information about the user channels, which are shown to offer a powerful way of discriminating across interfering users with even strongly correlated pilot sequences. Importantly, we demonstrate analytically that in the large-number-of-antennas regime, the pilot contamination effect is made to vanish completely under certain conditions on the channel covariance. Gains over the conventional channel estimation framework are confirmed by our simulations for even small antenna array sizes.
HMGB1 inhibits cell death in yeast and mammalian cells and is abundantly expressed in human breast carcinoma (2003)

Apoptosis is a fundamental biological process used to eliminate unwanted cells in a multicellular organism. An increasing number of regulatory proteins have been identified that either promote or inhibit apoptosis. For tumors to arise, apoptosis must be blocked in the transformed cells, for example by mutational overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins, which represent attractive target proteins for molecular therapy strategies. In a functional yeast survival screen designed to select new anti-apoptotic mammalian genes, we have identified the chromosomal high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) as an inhibitor of yeast cell death induced by the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bak. The C-terminal 33 amino acids of HMGB1 are dispensable for this inhibitory function. HMGB1 is also able to protect mammalian cells against different death stimuli including ultraviolet radiation, CD95-, TRAIL-, Casp-8-, and Bax-induced apoptosis. We found high HMGB1 protein levels in human primary breast carcinoma. Hmgb1 RNA levels are changing during different stages of mouse mammary gland development and are particularly low during lactation and involution. These data suggest that HMGB1 may participate in the regulation of mammary gland apoptosis and that its high expression level promotes tumor growth because of its anti-apoptotic properties.
A Learned Joint Depth and Intensity Prior Using Markov Random Fields (2013)

We present a joint prior that takes intensity and depth information into account. The prior is defined using a flexible Field-of-Experts model and is learned from a dataBase of natural images. It is a generative model and has an efficient method for sampling. We use sampling from the model to perform in painting and up sampling of depth maps when intensity information is available. We show that including the intensity information in the prior improves the results obtained from the model. We also compare to another two-channel in painting approach and show superior results.
Continuous cell lines as a production system for influenza vaccines (2009)

The declaration of pandemic alert Phase 6 for human influenza A (H1N1) by the WHO and the measures taken by individual countries in June 2009 has shown the world how fragile today's resources in pandemic and prepandemic, but also seasonal, vaccines are. Conventionally, human influenza vaccines are produced in embryonated chicken eggs. However, significant efforts of authorities and vaccine manufacturers over the last decade have led to the establishment of cell culture-derived vaccines. Currently, vaccines produced in three different host cell lines (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney, Vero and PER.C6) are in clinical trials, and the first licenses for seasonal as well as pandemic H5N1 vaccines have been granted. These encouraging developments for cell culture-based influenza virus production are summarized and an overview on potential cell substrates is given.
HomozygousSMN2Deletion is a Major Risk Factor among Twenty-Five Korean Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients (2011)

The homozygous SMN2 deletion (2 : 0) was statistically more frequent and associated with earlier onset age and lower MRC scale in Korean sALS patients. These suggest that SMN2 deletion may be one of the factors associated with susceptibility to and severity of sALS in a Korean population.
Computer‐aided tissue engineering: application to biomimetic modelling and design of tissue scaffolds (2004)

Computer-aided tissue engineering (CATE) enables many novel approaches in modelling, design and fabrication of complex tissue substitutes with enhanced functionality and improved cell-matrix interactions. Central to CATE is its bio-tissue informatics model that represents tissue biological, biomechanical and biochemical information that serves as a central repository to interface design, simulation and tissue fabrication. The present paper discusses the application of a CATE approach to the biomimetic design of bone tissue scaffold. A general CATE-based process for biomimetic modelling, anatomic reconstruction, computer-assisted-design of tissue scaffold, quantitative-computed-tomography characterization, finite element analysis and freeform extruding deposition for fabrication of scaffold is presented.
Amyloid-beta and tau proteins as biochemical markers of Alzheimer's disease (2004)

With the development of new therapeutic strategies, and the concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as an early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is an increasing need for an early and accurate diagnosis of sporadic AD. Therefore, biological markers allowing a positive diagnosis early in the course of the disease are highly desirable. The most extensively evaluated markers of sporadic AD are amyloid-beta proteins and levels of both total and phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau. In this study, we review the currently available data on the aforementioned markers assessed in the cerebrospinal fluid or plasma, alone and in combinations, focusing on their clinical applicability including sensitivity in the diagnosis of AD and mild cognitive impairment, specificity in discriminating AD from other dementias and correlations with the disease progression and apolipoprotein E genotype. We also analyze advantages and potential drawbacks of using biomarkers in the laboratory diagnosis of AD.
Analysis of a loop type ground radiation antenna based on equivalent circuit model (2016)

A loop type ground radiation antenna has been analysed using an equivalent circuit model in this study. The proposed circuit model has been selected in such a way that the design parameters of the ground radiation antenna can be mapped onto the circuit. To demonstrate the accuracy of the model, a specific ground radiation antenna is designed in a full wave electromagnetic simulator and the equivalent circuit model of the antenna is optimised in a circuit simulator. The simulation results of the circuit simulator and full wave simulator are compared. Expressions of return loss and input impedance of the equivalent model have also been obtained. The proposed circuit model can be used to develop insight and describe the behaviour of the network parameters of the antenna.
Predicting Motion of Vulnerable Road Users using High-Definition Maps and Efficient ConvNets (2020)

Following detection and tracking of traffic actors, prediction of their future motion is the next critical component of a self-driving vehicle (SDV) technology, allowing the SDV to operate safely and efficiently in its environment. This is particularly important when it comes to vulnerable road users (VRUs), such as pedestrians and bicyclists. These actors need to be handled with special care due to an increased risk of injury, as well as the fact that their behavior is less predictable than that of motorized actors. To address this issue, in the current study we present a deep learning-based method for predicting VRU movement, where we rasterize high-definition maps and actor's surroundings into a bird's-eye view image used as an input to deep convolutional networks. In addition, we propose a fast architecture suitable for real-time inference, and perform an ablation study of various rasterization approaches to find the optimal choice for accurate prediction. The results strongly indicate benefits of using the proposed approach for motion prediction of VRUs, both in terms of accuracy and latency.
Major Depressive Disorder and Stroke Risks: A 9-Year Follow-Up Population-Based, Matched Cohort Study (2012)

A clinical diagnosis of major depression leads to stroke indirectly through more intense depressive symptoms and the development of major comorbidities.
The Absolute Calibration of a Small-Angle Scattering Instrument with a Laboratory X-ray Source (2010)

Absolute calibration of small-angle scattering data (in units of differential cross-section per unit sample volume per unit solid angle) is necessary for the determination of molecular weights, the number density of particles, the scattering-length densities of phases in multiphased systems, volume fraction, the specific surface area of the scatterers and to restrict the parameters of a given model to the set which reproduces the observed intensity. It is also a useful means for the detection of artefacts in SAS experiments. Absolute intensities from the same sample also allows intercalibration among different instruments. This work details the absolute calibration procedure of a small-angle X-ray scattering instrument, the Rigaku S-Max3000. Absolute calibration is achieved by using two standards: homogeneous and stable glassy carbon and water. The scattering intensity of glassy carbon is calibrated by comparison with the absolute-calibration measurements taken on the USAXS instrument located at the 32ID beamline of the Advanced Photon Source in Argonne National Laboratory. This instrument has primary calibration capability. Scattering from water is angle-independent and only depends on the physical property of isothermal compressibility. Absolute calibrations using two standards were compared. The agreement of scale factors obtained using two standards suggests that precalibrated glassy carbon can serve as a convenient standard for all types of materials under study.
Molecular Imaging Probes for Cancer Research (2011)

Fundamentals of Molecular Imaging Radionuclide Probes for Molecular Imaging of Cancer Optical Probes for Cancer Research Non-radionuclide Probes for Cancer Research Multimodality Cancer Imaging Perspectives of Molecular Cancer Imaging Probes
Sushi repeat protein X‐linked 2, a novel mediator of angiogenesis (2009)

On appropriate stimuli, quiescent endothelial cells start to proliferate and form de novo blood vessels through angiogenesis. To further define molecular mechanisms accompanying the activation of endothelial cells during angiogenesis, we identified genes that were differentially regulated during this process using microarray analyses. In this work, we established a regulatory role for Sushi repeat protein X-linked 2 (Srpx2) in endothelial cell remodeling during angiogenesis. In particular, silencing of Srpx2 using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) specifically attenuated endothelial cell migration and delayed angiogenic sprout formation. In vivo, Srpx2 expression was detected in de novo formation of blood vessels in angiogenic tissues by in situ mRNA hybridization and immunostaining. Pulldown experiments identified Srpx2 as a ligand for vascular uPAR, a key molecule involved in invasive migration of angiogenic endothelium. Immunostaining revealed coexpression of the Srpx2 and uPAR on vascular endothelium. These findings suggest that Srpx2 regulates endothelial cell migration and tube formation and provides a new target for modulating angiogenesis.
Light-induced Photoreceptor Apoptosis in Vivo Requires Neuronal Nitric-oxide Synthase and Guanylate Cyclase Activity and Is Caspase-3-independent (2001)

Apoptosis is the mode of photoreceptor cell death in inherited and induced retinal degeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms of photoreceptor cell death in human cases and animal models of retinal dystrophies remain undefined. Exposure of Balb/c mice to excessive levels of white light results in photoreceptor apoptosis. This study delineates the molecular events occurring during and subsequent to the induction of retinal degeneration by exposure to white light in Balb/c mice. We demonstrate an early increase in intracellular calcium levels during photoreceptor apoptosis, an event that is accompanied by significant superoxide generation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Furthermore, we show that inhibition of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) by 7-nitroindazole is sufficient to prevent retinal degeneration implicating a key role for neuronal nitric oxide (NO) in this model. We demonstrate that inhibition of guanylate cyclase, a downstream effector of NO, also prevents photoreceptor apoptosis demonstrating that guanylate cyclase too plays an essential role in this model. Finally, our results demonstrate that caspase-3, frequently considered to be one of the key executioners of apoptosis, is not activated during retinal degeneration. In summary, the data presented here demonstrate that light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis in vivo is mediated by the activation of nNOS and guanylate cyclase and is caspase-3-independent.
Correlation between the Structure of Water in the Vicinity of Carboxybetaine Polymers and Their Blood-Compatibility (2005)

The structure and hydrogen bonding of water in the vicinity of carboxybetaine homopolymer (poly[1-carboxy-N,N-dimethyl-N-(2'-methacryloyloxyethyl)methanaminium inner salt] (PolyCMB), and a random copolymer of CMB and n-butyl methacrylate, Poly(CMB-r-BMA), with various molecular weights were analyzed in their aqueous solutions and thin film with contours of O-H stretching of Raman and attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectra, respectively. The relative intensity of the collective band (C value) corresponding to a long-range coupling of O-H stretchings of the Raman spectra for aqueous solution of Poly(CMB-r-BMA) was very close to that for pure water, which is in contrast with the smaller C value in aqueous solution of ordinary polyelectrolytes. The number of hydrogen bonds collapsed by the presence of one monomer residue (N(corr) value) of PolyCMB and Poly(CMB-r-BMA) (CMB, 45 mol %) (M(w), 1.14 x 10(4) and 1.78 x 10(4), respectively) could be calculated from the C value. The N(corr) values were much smaller than those for ordinary polyelectrolytes and close to those for nonionic water-soluble polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone). Furthermore, a water-insoluble Poly(CMB-r-BMA) with a large BMA content (M(w) = 347 kD, CMB 27 mol %) could be cast as a thin film (thickness, ca. 10 microm) on a ZnSe crystal for the ATR-IR analyses. At an early stage of sorption of water into the Poly(CMB-r-BMA) film, the O-H stretching band of IR spectra for the water incorporated in the film was similar to that for free water, which is in contrast with the drastic change in the O-H stretching band of water incorporated in polymer films such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA). The theoretical vibrational frequency for water molecules hydrating a betaine molecule calculated by using a density functional method supported the experimental results. The adhesion of human platelets to Poly(CMB-r-BMA) films was much less than that to PMMA and PBMA. With an increase in the content of CMB residue, the number of platelets adhered to the Poly(CMB-r-BMA) film drastically decreased and then gradually increased, probably due to the increase in the roughness of the film surface. These results suggest that the carboxybetaine monomer residues with a zwitterionic structure do not significantly disturb the hydrogen bonding between water molecules in both aqueous solution and thin film systems, resulting in the excellent blood-compatibility of the carboxybetaine polymers.
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase gene expression in human colon carcinoma cells: characterization of a mutation which modulates DT-diaphorase activity and mitomycin sensitivity. (1992)

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (DT-diaphorase; DTD) is an obligate two-electron reductase which may play a role in the bioactivation of antitumor quinones such as mitomycin C (MMC). We studied 10 colon carcinoma cell lines showing different levels of DTD activity (range, 0-3447 nmol/min/mg protein), as measured by the reduction of dichlorophenolindophenol. Expression of the NAD(P)H:quinone reductase gene (NQO1), which codes for the DTD enzyme, as measured by a polymerase chain reaction amplification technique was then correlated with enzymatic activity in all cell lines. HT-29 cells, which have intermediate DTD activity (769 +/- 144 nmol/min/mg protein, mean +/- SD) and are sensitive to MMC, showed high NQO1 expression relative to beta-actin (taken as 100% here for comparative purposes). BE cells which have no detectable DTD activity and are resistant to MMC showed moderate NQO1 expression (91% of HT-29). RNA single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and subsequent sequencing of BE complementary DNA revealed a C to T mutation in the NQO1 complementary DNA. This confers a proline to serine substitution in the amino acid sequence of the protein. Additionally, HCT-116 cells showed both moderate DTD activity (390 +/- 41 nmol/min/mg protein) and NQO1 expression (41% of HT-29), while resistant subclones of these cells, exposed to MMC during 11 and 44 weeks, showed low gene expression (5 and 9% of HT-29 respectively) and enzymatic activity (11 +/- 6 and 36 +/- 16 nmol/min/mg protein). These results support the ideas that reductive activation of MMC by DTD may be important in the cytotoxicity of MMC and that polymerase chain reaction may be a useful technique for quantitating the relative expression of genes in human tumors.
Pathways in the activation of human coagulation factor X (1980)

Purified human Factor X (apparent mol.wt. 72000), which consists of two polypeptide chains (mol.wt. 55000 and 19000), was activated by both Russell's-viper venom and the purified physiological activators (Factor VII/tissue factor and Factor IXa/Factor VIII). They all convert Factor X to catalytically active Factor Xa (mol.wt. 54000) by cleaving the heavy chain at a site on the N-terminal region. In the presence of Ca2+ and phospholipid, the Factor Xa formed catalyses (a) the cleavage of a small peptide (mol.wt. 4000) from the C-terminal region of the heavy chain of Factor Xa, resulting in a second active form (mol.wt. 50000), and (b) the cleavage of a peptide containing the active-site serine residue (mol.wt. 13000) from the C-terminal region of the heavy chain of Factor X, resulting in an inactivatable component (mol.wt. 59000). A nomenclature for the various products is proposed.
Sonoporation-Induced Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest: Initial Findings (2011)

Sonoporation is known to be able to temporarily permeabilize cells, but during this process it may have traumatic impact on cell viability. In this work, we found that sonoporation may induce apoptosis and G2/M‐phase cell cycle arrest in some cells hours after ultrasonic exposure in vitro. Methods: Suspensions of HL‐60 leukemia cells were prepared (106 cells/ml), and a 1% v/v microbubble solution was added to induce sonoporation during ultrasound exposure. They were then placed 7 cm away from a 2.54 cm‐diameter, 1 MHz unfocused ultrasound probe, and these samples were insonated for 1 min with ultrasound pulses (10% duty cycle, 1 kHz pulse repetition frequency). In this study, two levels of peak negative ultrasound pressure were used: 0.3 MPa and 0.5 MPa. After exposure, the cell suspensions were further incubated. They were harvested after 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h to analyze the cell‐cycle distribution (sub‐G1, G0/G1, S, G2/M) at these time points using propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Results: Some sonoporation‐treated cells had undergone apoptosis by 4h, and the largest number of apoptotic cells (sub‐G1 phase) was observed after 12h (0.3 MPa group: 25.0%; 0.5 MPa group: 27.2%). Also, after experiencing sonoporation, some viable cells were stopped in the G2/M phase without undergoing cytokinesis, and the maximum G2/M population rise was seen after 12h (0.3 MPa group: +12.2%; 0.5 MPa group: +14.7%). This was accompanied by decreases in the populations of G0/G1‐phase and S‐phase.
Tetraazacyclohexadeca Macrocyclic Ligand as a Neutral Carrier in a Cr Ion-selective Electrode (2004)

A polystyrene-based membrane of 2,10-dimethyl-4,12-diphenyl-1,5,9,13-tetraazacyclohexadeca-1,4,9,12-tetraene macrocyclic ionophore was prepared and investigated as Cr(III)-selective electrode. The best performance was observed with the membrane having the polystyrene-ligand-dibutylphthalate-sodiumtetraphenyl borate composition 1:4:1:1 with a Nernstian slope of 19.0 mV per decade of concentration between pH 3.0 and 6.5. This electrode has been found to be chemically inert and of adequate stability with a response time of 20 s and was used over a period of 100 d with good reproducibility (S= 0.3 mV). The membrane works satisfactorily in a partially non-aqueous medium up to a maximum 30% (v/v) content of methanol and ethanol. The potentiometric selectivity coefficient values indicate that the membrane sensor is highly selective for Cr(III) ions over a number of monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations. The membrane electrode has also been successfully used to determine Cr3+ in various food materials.