gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle Assembly and Transport at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces (2003)

The self-assembly of particles at fluid interfaces, driven by the reduction in interfacial energy, is well established. However, for nanoscopic particles, thermal fluctuations compete with interfacial energy and give rise to a particle-size-dependent self-assembly. Ligand-stabilized nanoparticles assembled into three-dimensional constructs at fluid-fluid interfaces, where the properties unique to the nanoparticles were preserved. The small size of the nanoparticles led to a weak confinement of the nanoparticles at the fluid interface that opens avenues to size-selective particle assembly, two-dimensional phase behavior, and functionalization. Fluid interfaces afford a rapid approach to equilibrium and easy access to nanoparticles for subsequent modification. A photoinduced transformation is described in which nanoparticles, initially soluble only in toluene, were transported across an interface into water and were dispersed in the water phase. The characteristic fluorescence emission of the nanoparticles provided a direct probe of their spatial distribution.
Novel real-time rate control algorithm for constant quality H.264/AVC high vision codec (2009)

H.264/AVC is the lasted and most widely used video coding standard. For the various applications under some limit bandwidths, rate control has been a necessary and important part of it. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm adopted constant quality real-time rate control for H.264/AVC high definition videos. Comparing with the off-line algorithms our proposal uses real-time one-pass method to reduce calculation time and complexity estimating parameters to allocate target bits more accurately. The predicted mean absolute difference (MAD) is adjusted by distortion parameters after the normal MAD prediction model. This proposal also uses data of last several reference frames helping to form a complexity model and determines the target bits. The result shows this proposal can keep the fluctuation of video quality in low level while maintaining the SPNR of high definition videos.
Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Arterial Relaxation By High-Fat Feeding in ApoE-Deficient Mice (1999)

The present study demonstrates that the endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation is impaired in apoE-KO mice fed the high-fat diet. The endothelium dysfunction tends to be normalized by human apoA-I expression.
Global analysis of the insulator binding protein CTCF in chromatin barrier regions reveals demarcation of active and repressive domains (2008)

Insulators are DNA elements that prevent inappropriate interactions between the neighboring regions of the genome. They can be functionally classified as either enhancer blockers or domain barriers. CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor) is the only known major insulator-binding protein in the vertebrates and has been shown to bind many enhancer-blocking elements. However, it is not clear whether it plays a role in chromatin domain barriers between active and repressive domains. Here, we used ChIP-seq to map the genome-wide binding sites of CTCF in three cell types and identified significant binding of CTCF to the boundaries of repressive chromatin domains marked by H3K27me3. Although we find an extensive overlapping of CTCF-binding sites across the three cell types, its association with the domain boundaries is cell-type-specific. We further show that the nucleosomes flanking CTCF-binding sites are well positioned. Interestingly, we found a complementary pattern between the repressive H3K27me3 and the active H2AK5ac regions, which are separated by CTCF. Our data indicate that CTCF may play important roles in the barrier activity of insulators, and this study provides a resource for further investigation of the CTCF function in organizing chromatin in the human genome.
The possible mechanisms of tumor progression via CSF-1/CSF-1R pathway activation. (2014)

CSF-1/CSF-1R (colony-stimulating factor-1/colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor) is the primary growth factor regulating the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of cells of the mononuclear phagocytic lineage. Multiple studies have demonstrated that CSF-1/CSF-1R plays a certain role in tumor tissues. CSF-1 binding to CSF-1R through the class III RTKs leads to a series of signal molecules responding to CSF-1 via various signaling pathway. Through these pathways, all signal molecules would promote development of tumor directly or contribute to progress of various cancers indirectly by increasing tumor-associated macrophages, for instance promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix breakdown, invasion, and metastasis. Thus, in this paper, we analysis multiple experimental results comprehensively, making a review about the mechanism of CSF-1/CSF-1R promoting tumor progression.
4th Australia New Zealand Aerosol Seminar (2008)

A total of 19 oral presentations and five posters which showed the diversity of aerosol research in Australia and New Zealand were presented. At the 4th Aerosol seminar held in July 2008. There were talks on the formation of aerosols, the measurement and characterization of the organic components of marine aerosols, characterization of rainfall chemistry in urban rainwater tanks and salt budgets and groundwater recharge.
Immunochemistry of Solid-Phase Immunoassay (2024)

General Principles: Perspectives, Configurations, and Principles (J.E. Butler). The Chemical Properties of Solid-Phases and Their Interaction With Proteins (P.J. Tarcha). Immunochemical Considerations in the Analysis of Data from Non-Competitive Solid-Phase Immunoassays (J.H. Peterman). Photophysics of Heterogeneous Immunoassays (O.S. Khahil). Enzyme Systems and Enzyme Conjugates for Solid-Phase ELISA (T.T. Ngo). Practical Applications: Competitive, Noncompetitive and Multianalyte Immunoassays (R.P. Ekins). Antigen Quantification: Measurement of Multivalent Antigens by Solid-Phase Immunoassay (R.G. Hamilton). Immunoblotting: Membrane Filters as the Solid Phase for Immunoassays (W.R. Brown, S.E> Dierks, J.E. Butler, and J.M. Gershoni). Quantitation of Specific Antibodies: methods of Expression, Standards, Solid-Phase Considerations, and Specific Applications (J.E> Butler and R.G. Hamilton). Critical Issues and Special Topics: The Specificity of Monoclonal Antibodies for Enzymes in Solution vs. Immobilized on Solid-Phases (L. Djavadi-Ohaniance and b. Friguet). Studies on the Covalent Attachment Antibodies to COntrolled Surfaces (P.D. Mize, A. Naqui, C.M. O'Connell, J.N. Waller, M. Fesler, R.G. Myatich, and W.E. Keating). The Application of Traditional Immunochemical Methods to Evaluate the Performance of Capture Antibodies Immobilized on Microtiter Wells (J.E. Butler, K.S. Joshi, and W.R. Brown). Considerations of the Interpretation of the Specificity of Monoclonal Antibodies Determined in Solid-Phase Immunoassays (F.J. Stevens). Monosized Particles as Solid-Phase for Immunoassays: Applications and Immunochemistry (K. Nustad, E. Paus, and O. Bormer). Enzyme Immunofiltration Assay for Human Creatine Kinase Isoenzyme MB (F. Poulsen and O.J. Bjerrum). The Use of Peptides as Solid-Phase Antigens (M. Lacroix, G. Dionne, M. Zrein, R.J. Dwyer, and R.J. Chalifour). Streptavidin: Purification, Utility, and Use in Antibody Immobilization (M. Suter). The Kinetics of Solid-Phase Microtiter Immunoassays (B. Franz and M. Stegemann). Rate Limitation of Antigen-Antibody Reactions: Theoretical and Practical Aspects (H. Nygren and M. Stenberg). A Summary of the Pricipal Immunoassay Data Analysis Package (J.H. Peterman). Glossary. Index. Catalog no. 5394 1991, c. 352 pp., ISBN: 0-8493-5394-7 U.S. $169.95/Outside U.S. $199.00
Adaptation to eccentric exercise: effect on CD64 and CD11b/CD18 expression (1996)

The primary purpose of the study was to examine circulating neutrophils and monocytes and their plasma membrane expression of CD64, CD11b, and CD18 after two bouts (B1 and B2) of eccentric exercise. Subjects (n = 10) performed 25 forced-lengthened contractions of the forearm flexors on two occasions separated by 3 wk. Blood samples were obtained before exercise and at 1.5, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of recovery. CD64, CD11b, and CD18 expression was determined via direct immunofluorescence and used as an indicator of neutrophil and monocyte activation. Creatine kinase activity (B1 = 1,390, B2 = 108 U/l), myoglobin (B1 = 163, B2 = 41, ng/dl), and muscle soreness and tenderness were higher (P < 0.01) after B1 compared with B2. Neutrophils at 6, 12, and 96 h were higher (P < 0.05) for B1 vs. B2. CD11b expression on neutrophils was 2.7-fold higher at 72 h for B1 vs. B2. CD64 expression on neutrophils at 72 and 96 h was 1.4- and 1.9-fold higher, respectively, for B1 vs. B2. At 72 and 96 h, CD18 and CD64 expression on monocytes was 1.3-fold higher for B1 vs. B2. The observed changes were not significantly correlated with changes in creatine kinase activity or myoglobin. In conclusion, the adaptation to eccentric arm exercise was associated with a reduction in circulating neutrophils and a lower state of neutrophil and monocyte activation.
Plasma levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide in chronic tension-type headache (2000)

Plasma levels of CGRP are normal in patients with chronic tension-type headache and are unrelated to headache state. Interictal plasma CGRP was increased in patients with a pulsating pain quality. Because the authors have previously shown a similar increase of interictal CGRP levels in migraine, this study suggests that headaches with symptoms that fulfill International Headache Society criteria for tension-type headache may be pathophysiologically related to migraine, if the headache has a pulsating quality.
Akt Phosphorylates and Negatively Regulates Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 (2001)

The Akt family of serine/threonine-directed kinases promotes cellular survival in part by phosphorylating and inhibiting death-inducing proteins. Here we describe a novel functional interaction between Akt and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. Akt decreased ASK1 kinase activity stimulated by both oxidative stress and overexpression in 293 cells by phosphorylating a consensus Akt site at serine 83 of ASK1. Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway also inhibited the serum deprivation-induced activity of endogenous ASK1 in L929 cells. An association between Akt and ASK1 was detected in cells by coimmunoprecipitation. Phosphorylation by Akt inhibited ASK1-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase and activating transcription factor 2 activities in intact cells. Finally, activation of the PI3-K/Akt pathway reduced apoptosis induced by ASK1 in a manner dependent on phosphorylation of serine 83 of ASK1. These results provide the first direct link between Akt and the family of stress-activated kinases.
Application of incretin mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2007)

Approximately two thirds of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unable to reach the hemoglobin A(1c) target set by the American Diabetes Association (HbA(1c) <7.0%). Therefore, T2DM continues to be a major public health concern. Incretin mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors are medications that have the potential to improve patients' glycemic control, as well as to result in beneficial socioeconomic effects. Research suggests that significant benefits are to be gained from incretin mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, either one used as monotherapy or used together as combination therapy. However, the benefits and risks of these agents need to be evaluated more thoroughly, with emphasis on such adverse effects as edema, hypoglycemia, and weight gain.
Algorithms in C, Parts 1-4: Fundamentals, Data Structures, Sorting, Searching (1997)

It is of the utmost importance for oncology patients to have any hypertension diagnosed and treated appropriately in order to prevent complications so they may continue their therapy with the least interruption or discontinuation of treatment and to ensure the best possible outcomes.
1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase, a key enzyme in ethylene biosynthesis (1979)

1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylate (ACC) synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to ACC and methylthioadenosine, was demonstrated in tomato extract. Methylthioadenosine was then rapidly hydrolyzed to methylthioribose by a nucleosidase present in the extract. ACC synthase had an optimum pH of 8.5, and a Km of 20 μm with respect to SAM. S-Adenosylethionine also served as a substrate for ACC synthase, but at a lower efficiency than that of SAM. Since S-adenosylethionine had a higher affinity for the enzyme than SAM, it inhibited the reaction of SAM when both were present. S-Adenosylhomocysteine was, however, an inactive substrate. The enzyme was activated by pyridoxal phosphate at a concentration of 0.1 μm or higher, and competitively inhibited by aminoethoxyvinylglycine and aminooxyacetic acid, which are known to inhibit pyridoxal phosphate-mediated enzymic reactions. These results support the view that ACC synthase is a pyridoxal enzyme. The biochemical role of pyridoxal phosphate is catalyzing the formation of ACC by α,γ-elimination of SAM is discussed.
Human immunodeficiency virus protease (1989)

The protease of human immunodeficiency virus has been expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to apparent homogeneity. Immunoreactivity toward anti-protease peptide sera copurified with an activity that cleaved the structural polyprotein gag p55 and the peptide corresponding to the sequence gag 128-135. The enzyme expressed as a nonfusion protein exhibits proteolytic activity with a pH optimum of 5.5 and is inhibited by the aspartic protease inhibitor pepstatin with a Ki of 1.1 microM. Replacement of the conserved residue Asp-25 with an Asn residue eliminates proteolytic activity. Analysis of the minimal peptide substrate size indicates that 7 amino acids are required for efficient peptide cleavage. Size exclusion chromatography is consistent with a dimeric enzyme and circular dichroism spectra of the purified enzyme are consistent with a proposed structure of the protease (Pearl, L.H., and Taylor, W.R. (1987) Nature 329, 351-354). These data support the classification of the human immunodeficiency virus protease as an aspartic protease, likely to be structurally homologous with the well characterized family that includes pepsin and renin.
Near-IR Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of Ultrafast Polaron and Triplet Exciton Formation in Polythiophene Films with Different Regioregularities (2009)

The formation dynamics of polaron pairs, polarons, and triplet excitons in regiorandom and regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (RRa-P3HT and RR-P3HT) films was comprehensively studied by transient absorption spectroscopy over the wide wavelength region from 500 to 1650 nm under various excitation intensities. In both RRa-P3HT and RR-P3HT films, polaron pairs were generated not from relaxed singlet exciton states but from hot excitons on a time scale of <100 fs and decayed monomolecularly by geminate recombination. In RRa-P3HT films, triplet excitons were rapidly generated on a picosecond time scale from higher exciton states produced by the singlet exciton-exciton annihilation as well as from the lowest singlet exciton states by the normal intersystem crossing. In RR-P3HT films, no triplet excitons were observed; polarons were also generated not from relaxed singlet exciton states but from hot excitons in competition with the formation of polaron pairs. The polarons formed in RR-P3HT can freely migrate and mainly recombine with other polarons bimolecularly in the nanosecond time domain. The ultrafast formation of triplet excitons can be explained by the singlet exciton fission into two triplets, and the ultrafast formation of polaron pairs and polarons can be explained on the basis of the hot-exciton dissociation model where the excess thermal energy of the initially formed hot excitons is necessary to overcome their Coulombic binding energy. The remarkably different formation dynamics in P3HTs with different regioregularities is discussed in terms of the film morphology of conjugated polymers.
Controlled Release of Proteins from 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Copolymer Gels (1993)

A series of hydrogels with large pores was synthesized by the precipitation polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with crosslinking agent in aqueous solution. Such gels are potentially useful for the controlled release of large-molecular-weight species such as proteins. In this study, the release behavior of lysozyme and alpha-amylase from hydrogels formed from HEMA or HEMA with a comonomer was studied. It was found that the polymer composition affected the total amount of lysozyme released and its activity. Effects were smaller with alpha-amylase. Charged gels, containing a phosphate moiety, released larger amounts of lysozyme at a reduced rate as a result of charge-charge interactions.
Glyphosate‐resistant crops: history, status and future (2005)

The commercial launch of glyphosate-resistant soybeans in 1996 signaled the beginning of a new era in weed management in row crops. Today, over 80% of the soybeans grown in the USA are glyphosate resistant. Since that time, many crops have been transformed that have allowed crop applications of many classes of herbicide chemistries. Crops currently under production include maize, soybean, cotton and canola. Transformation technology and selection methods have improved and the rate of development as well as the breadth of crops being considered as commercial targets has increased. On the basis of recent adoption rates by growers around the world, it appears that glyphosate-resistant crops will continue to grow in number and in hectares planted. However, global public acceptance of biotechnology-derived products will continue to impact the rate of adoption of this and other new innovations derived from transformation technology.
Interconversion of prebeta-migrating lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein A-I and HDL. (1990)

Mouse plasma from strains C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ includes a high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction containing apolipoprotein A-I which migrates in the prebeta region upon agarose gel electrophoresis, similar to the prebeta HDL previously reported in humans. This prebeta A-I lipoprotein species has a buoyant density of 1.080-1.210 g/ml and has two molecular weight species, 65,000 and 71,000. It is lipid-poor and deficient in apolipoprotein E. When mice are fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet, the quantity of prebeta A-I increases in both strains as determined by quantitative densitometry of agarose gel immunoblots. Prebeta A-I species are highly unstable in plasma at 37 degrees C. Initially (0-1 h) levels decreased and with further incubation (1-8 h) levels increased. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) demonstrated that the prebeta HDL formed during prolonged incubation (1-8 h) was identical in size to HDL in unincubated samples. The initial decrease of prebeta HDL observed during the first hour of incubation, phase I, was inhibited by DTNB, suggesting that phase I is dependent on lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT); however, the subsequent increase, phase II, was unaffected by DTNB and appears LCAT-independent. The prebeta A-I species formed in plasma containing DTNB after a 4-h incubation resulted in a polydisperse particle size distribution. The two strains, the atherosclerosis-susceptible C57BL/6 and -resistant C3H, displayed a similar elevation and induction of prebeta HDL during a dietary switch from laboratory chow to an atherogenic diet with a transient peak occurring at 7 days even when total HDL in the susceptible strain was greatly reduced.
Fabatins: new antimicrobial plant peptides (2006)

Two new antimicrobial peptides related to the gamma-thionine family have been isolated by acid extraction from the broad bean Vicia faba. The extract was separated by ion exchange chromatography, and a fraction showing antibacterial activity was further purified by reverse-phase HPLC. Material from a single HPLC peak was sequenced and revealed the presence of two peptides differing by one amino acid. The peptides were named fabatins. They are 47 amino acids long, have an overall positive charge and contain 8 cysteines that probably form 4 disulfide bridges characteristic of the gamma-thionins. Fabatins were active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, but were inactive against the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans.
Targeting the human MUC1 oncoprotein: A tale of two proteins (2008)

AbstractCommentary to:Bismuth-213 radioimmunotherapy with C595 anti–MUC1 monoclonal antibody in an ovarian cancer ascites model Emma Y. Song, Chang F Qu, Syed M.A. Rizvi, Chand Raja, Julia Beretov, Alfred Morgenstern, Christos Apostolidis, Frank Bruchertseifer, Alan Perkins
Electric-field multiplexing/demultiplexing of volume holograms in photorefractive media (1993)

We propose a new method of volume hologram multiplexing/demultiplexing in noncentrosymmetric media. Volume holograms may be multiplexed by tuning the material parameters of the recording medium (such as refractive index or lattice parameters) while keeping the external parameters (wavelength and angles) fixed. For example, an external dc electric field alters the index of refraction through the electro-optic effect, effectively changing the recording and reconstruction wavelengths in the storage medium. Then the storage of holograms at different fields, hence different indices of refraction, is closely related to wavelength multiplexing. We demonstrate this concept in a preliminary experiment by electrically multiplexing two volume holograms in a strontium barium niobate crystal.
Characterization of Escherichia coli thioredoxin variants mimicking the active‐sites of other thiol/disulfide oxidoreductases (1998)

Thiol/disulfide oxidoreductases like thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, DsbA, or protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) share the thioredoxin fold and a catalytic disulfide bond with the sequence Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Cys (Xaa corresponds to any amino acid). Despite their structural similarities, the enzymes have very different redox properties, which is reflected by a 100,000-fold difference in the equilibrium constant (K(eq)) with glutathione between the most oxidizing member, DsbA, and the most reducing member, thioredoxin. Here we present a systematic study on a series of variants of thioredoxin from Escherichia coli, in which the Xaa-Xaa dipeptide was exchanged by that of glutaredoxin, PDI, and DsbA. Like the corresponding natural enzymes, all thioredoxin variants proved to be stronger oxidants than the wild-type, with the order wild-type < PDI-type < DsbA-type < glutaredoxin-type. The most oxidizing, glutaredoxin-like variant has a 420-fold decreased value of K(eq), corresponding to an increase in redox potential by 75 mV. While oxidized wild-type thioredoxin is more stable than the reduced form (delta deltaG(ox/red) = 16.9 kJ/mol), both redox forms have almost the same stability in the variants. The pH-dependence of the reactivity with the alkylating agent iodoacetamide proved to be the best method to determine the pKa value of thioredoxin's nucleophilic active-site thiol (Cys32). A pKa of 7.1 was measured for Cys32 in the reduced wild-type. All variants showed a lowered pKa of Cys32, with the lowest value of 5.9 for the glutaredoxin-like variant. A correlation of redox potential and the Cys32 pKa value could be established on a quantitative level. However, the predicted correlation between the measured delta deltaG(ox/red) values and Cys32 pKa values was only qualitative.