gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase in Human Thyroid Carcinoma (1999)

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play a crucial role in regulating thyroid cell growth and differentiation. The Axl protein is a member of a new family of receptor tyrosine kinases, of which the ligand, Gas6, a protein S-related molecule, recently was proved to be a mitogenic factor for human thyroid cells. To further investigate the involvement of Axl in human thyroid carcinoma, we examined tissues obtained from 81 patients with thyroid carcinomas, 18 with adenomas, and 13 with adenomatous goiters by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. In addition, among the thyroid carcinomas, we compared Axl expression levels with the grade of differentiation and lymph node metastasis of the carcinoma. Axl was expressed faintly in adenomatous goiter and adenomas, but not in normal thyroid tissues. Among the 81 cases of thyroid carcinoma, 70 (86.4%) showed a positive staining for the Axl protein. Immunopositive (+ +) was detected in papillary carcinomas and anaplastic carcinomas. The level of Axl expression, however, had no correlation with the presence of lymph node metastasis in thyroid carcinomas. In situ hybridization also confirmed the presence of axl mRNA in thyroid carcinoma tissues. These findings suggest that Axl expression may be closely involved in human thyroid tumorigenesis.
Rod-derived Cone Viability Factor-2 is a novel bifunctional-thioredoxin-like protein with therapeutic potential (2007)

Taken together, these findings define a new family of bifunctional genes which are: expressed in vertebrate retina, encode trophic cone viability factors, and have major therapeutic potential for human retinal neurodegenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.
New Bifunctional Perfluoroaryl Boranes. Synthesis and Reactivity of the ortho-Phenylene-Bridged Diboranes 1,2-[B(C6F5)2]2C6X4 (X = H, F)‘ (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNew Bifunctional Perfluoroaryl Boranes. Synthesis and Reactivity of the ortho-Phenylene-Bridged Diboranes 1,2-[B(C6F5)2]2C6X4 (X = H, F)'V. Clifford Williams, Warren E. Piers, William Clegg, Mark R. J. Elsegood, Scott Collins, and Todd B. MarderView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary 2500 University Drive N. W. Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1 Department of Chemistry, South Road University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, England Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 13, 3244–3245Publication Date (Web):March 19, 1999Publication History Received11 January 1999Published online19 March 1999Published inissue 1 April 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja990082vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja990082vrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2000Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Aromatic compounds,Group 13 compounds,Inorganic compounds,Olefin polymerization Get e-Alerts
Thalidomide (N‐phthaloylglutamimide> in the treatment of advanced cancer (1965)

Thalidomide (N‐phthaloylglutamimide) was administered to 21 patients with fourteen types of cancer for periods of 1 to 34 weeks, with total doses ranging from 4.2 to 354.0 Gm. There were mild hemologic and neurological untoward effects. Notumor regression was noted but there was significant subjective palliation in 7 patients. Further study of this drug in patients with advanced cancer is warranted. Palliation was noted to be chiefly improved sedation in disturbed and elderly persons. There was possible arrest of previously rapid growth of tumor in 2 cases.
First in Man Evaluation of the Safety and Potential Efficacy of TOL101 Induction to Prevent Kidney Transplant Rejection (2012)

Purpose: Induction remains a potent tool for the prevention of early rejection episodes following kidney transplantation. However, current induction therapies are associated with significant short and long-term safety issues. TOL101, through its specificity for the αβTCR and absence of mitogenicity, has the potential to be safer and better tolerated. TOL101 is currently in Phase 2 testing, and interim safety and potential efficacy results of the study are presented here. Methods: The study was designed to enroll up to 42 subjects in Part A, beginning with a 1/10 the minimally anticipated biologic effect level. Eligible subjects were low-risk for acute rejection, i.e., recipients of first transplant, living (LD) and SCD, crossmatch negative, ABO compatible with < 20% PRA, and ranging in age from 35-55 years. The following safety parameters were evaluated: clinical adverse events, standard laboratory evaluations, cytokine release syndrome, malignancies, and infections. The ability of TOL101 to modulate the T-lymphocyte count was also assessed by measuring peripheral blood CD3 counts. Maintenance therapy was tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and steroids. Results: Several i.v doses (delivered days 0-5) ranging from 0.28-42mg of TOL101 have been tested in 23 subjects who received LD kidneys, with increasing doses showing greater effects in downregulating the ab-TCR+ T cell population. There have been no deaths or graft losses up to 6 months. There have been few infusion reactions, mild in severity, including skin rash at 42mg. There was one SAE (pneumonia) and two treated acute rejections. Malignancies or serious infections have not been observed. Cytokine release syndrome coupled with significant increases in measured cytokines, and HAMA formation has not been observed. The initial plasma elimination half life appears to range from 15-20 hours. Conclusions: TOL101 appears to be a safe and well tolerated induction agent at doses that have substantial T-cell modulating effects.
Large-Scale CpG Methylation Analysis Identifies Novel Candidate Genes and Reveals Methylation Hotspots in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2007)

This study examined DNA methylation associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and showed that selected molecular targets can be pharmacologically modulated to reverse gene silencing. A CpG island (CGI) microarray containing more than 3,400 unique clones that span all human chromosomes was used for large-scale discovery experiments and led to 262 unique CGI loci being statistically identified as methylated in ALL lymphoblasts. The methylation status of 10 clones encompassing 11 genes (DCC, DLC-1, DDX51, KCNK2, LRP1B, NKX6-1, NOPE, PCDHGA12, RPIB9, ABCB1, and SLC2A14) identified as differentially methylated between ALL patients and controls was independently verified. Consequently, the methylation status of DDX51 was found to differentiate patients with B- and T-ALL subtypes (P = 0.011, Fisher's exact test). Next, the relationship between methylation and expression of these genes was examined in ALL cell lines (NALM-6 and Jurkat) before and after treatments with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A. More than a 10-fold increase in mRNA expression was observed for two previously identified tumor suppressor genes (DLC-1 and DCC) and also for RPIB9 and PCDHGA12. Although the mechanisms that lead to the CGI methylation of these genes are unknown, bisulfite sequencing of the promoter of RPIB9 suggests that expression is inhibited by methylation within SP1 and AP2 transcription factor binding motifs. Finally, specific chromosomal methylation hotspots were found to be associated with ALL. This study sets the stage for acquiring a better biological understanding of ALL and for the identification of epigenetic biomarkers useful for differential diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and the detection of leukemic relapse.
Differential Effects of Green Tea–Derived Catechin on Developing Versus Established Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Null Mice (2004)

Our data suggest that antioxidant EGCG differentially reduces evolving atherosclerotic lesions without influencing established atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein E-null mice.
Expression of a Functional CCR2 Receptor Enhances Tumor Localization and Tumor Eradication by Retargeted Human T cells Expressing a Mesothelin-Specific Chimeric Antibody Receptor (2011)

CAR T cells bearing a functional chemokine receptor can overcome the inadequate tumor localization that limits conventional CAR targeting strategies and can significantly improve antitumor efficacy in vivo.
Synthesis of Trifunctional Phosphatidylserine Probes for Identification of Lipid‐Binding Proteins (2010)

Abstract Phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids play a number of roles in cell biology, one of which is to mark apoptotic cells for clearance by macrophages. PS recognition triggers macrophage recognition and clearance, which occurs concomitantly with active suppression of an inflammatory response. A small number of proteins in different tissues have been identified as PS receptors, and we hypothesize that many more PS receptors have yet to be found. We have designed and synthesized a set of phosphatidylserine lipid mimics with a PS lipid headgroup for recognition, a benzophenone moiety for photoaffinity cross‐linking, and an alkyne for post‐labeling readout. These probes may be useful tools to identify new PS receptors (PSRs). The PS lipid probes thus have potential impact in the areas of discovery biology, anti‐inflammatory therapeutics, and cellular delivery. We present herein a versatile and robust synthetic approach to trifunctional phosphatidyl serine lipid mimics for identification of novel PSR proteins.
Accumulation of Dietary Cholesterol in Sitosterolemia Caused by Mutations in Adjacent ABC Transporters (2000)

In healthy individuals, acute changes in cholesterol intake produce modest changes in plasma cholesterol levels. A striking exception occurs in sitosterolemia, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by increased intestinal absorption and decreased biliary excretion of dietary sterols, hypercholesterolemia, and premature coronary atherosclerosis. We identified seven different mutations in two adjacent, oppositely oriented genes that encode new members of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family (six mutations in ABCG8 and one in ABCG5) in nine patients with sitosterolemia. The two genes are expressed at highest levels in liver and intestine and, in mice, cholesterol feeding up-regulates expressions of both genes. These data suggest that ABCG5 and ABCG8 normally cooperate to limit intestinal absorption and to promote biliary excretion of sterols, and that mutated forms of these transporters predispose to sterol accumulation and atherosclerosis.
The human ETS-2 gene promoter: molecular dissection and nuclease hypersensitivity. (1990)

The human ETS-2 gene is a homolog of the v-ets oncogene of the E26 virus, coding for a 56 kilodalton nuclear protein. Herein we characterize the ETS-2 gene promoter, using a series of deletion constructs. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences from -3600 bp to +141 bp reveal that the region -159 bp to +141 bp is absolutely essential for maximum promoter activity. This region includes half of the lengthy polypyrimidine (CT) tract of the ETS-2 promoter, one Sp1 binding site and the GC element proximal to the initiation site. This CT tract is able to increase in an orientation independent manner, the transcription from alpha-globin promoter. Several S1 hypersensitive sites are found to be located in this promoter region, using chromatin and supercoiled DNA, in close proximity with cis regulatory elements. Our results indicate that an unusually long (approximately 250 bp) CT tract is necessary for ETS-2 transcription and this tract can also serve as a transcription activator using a heterologous promoter.
Introduction (2016)

Disease is everywhere. Everyone experiences disease, everyone knows somebody who is, or has been diseased, and disease-related stories hit the headlines regularly. Just this morning, in fact, I heard that being tall increases one’s risk of cancer. I am not a short man, so this did not please me. On the other hand, 30 seconds later, the same news reader announced that the key to curing cancer might just be found in the sting of an unusual species of wasp — so I left the house relatively content.
Primera cita de Cupido (Everes) alcetas (Hoffmannsegg, 1804) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) para la provincia de Lugo y segunda para Galicia (N.W. Península Ibérica). (2010)

Rodríguez, Rafael Estévez (2010): Primera cita de Cupido (Everes) alcetas (Hoffmannsegg, 1804) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) para la provincia de Lugo y segunda para Galicia (N.W. Península Ibérica). Arquivos Entomolóxicos 4: 17-18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12644735
Association of the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein with the S-phase-specific E2F-cyclin A complex. (1993)

The transcription factor E2F has been shown to be involved in the expression of several cell cycle-regulated genes, and the activity of this factor is controlled by cellular proteins such as pRB and p107. E2F is also a target of the DNA virus oncoproteins (adenovirus E1A, simian virus 40 T antigen, and human papillomavirus [HPV] E7) (see the review by J. R. Nevins [Science 258: 424-429, 1992]). These viral oncoproteins dissociate an inactive complex between E2F and the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB), and this dissociation of the E2F-pRB complex correlates with a stimulation of the E2F-dependent transcription. In the S phase of the cell cycle, E2F forms a complex with p107, cyclin A, and the cdk2 kinase (E2F-cyclin A complex). The cellular function of this S-phase-specific complex is unclear. The adenovirus E1A protein dissociates the E2F-cyclin A complex. The HPV type 16 (HPV-16) E7 protein, which possesses significant sequence homology with E1A, does not dissociate the E2F-cyclin A complex. We find that the HPV-16 E7 protein associates very efficiently with the E2F-cyclin A complex. This association is dependent on the sequences that are also necessary for the transforming activity of E7. Moreover, the E7 protein of a low-risk HPV (type 6b) is much less efficient in binding to the E2F-cyclin A complex compared with that of the high-risk type. We also find that the E2F-cyclin A complex remains endogenously associated with the E7 protein in extracts of Caski cells, which express high levels of HPV-16 E7 protein. Finally, we have extensively purified the E2F-cyclin A complex from mouse L-cell extracts and show that, in cell extracts, the E2F-cyclin A complex remains associated with other cellular proteins.
A photophysical and structural study on dye-type organic molecules with potentially useful nonlinear optical properties (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA photophysical and structural study on dye-type organic molecules with potentially useful nonlinear optical propertiesMalcolm R. McLean, Mamoun. Bader, Larry R. Dalton, Robert L. S. Devine, and William H. SteierCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 11, 4386–4387Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/j100374a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (300 KB) Get e-Alerts
Human monoclonal anti-La antibodies. The La protein resides on a subset of Ro particles. (1989)

We have addressed the problem of anti-La autoimmune responses by defining the specific binding sites of human mAb to the La protein. Two human anti-La mAb were developed; one an IgM (kappa) (designated 8G3) and the second an IgG1 (kappa) (9A5) isotype. The mAb 8G3 immunoprecipitated the La RNA and La protein from crude human cell lysates; bound the 50-kDa La protein and a 28-kDa digestion fragment in immunoblots, and recognized a small defined internal segment from the cloned La protein. In contrast, the IgG isotype (9A5) failed to precipitate native La from cell lysates but bound the same segment of digested La protein and the same polypeptide of 131 amino acids in length from the cloned La protein. Immunoprecipitation experiments performed with these mAb demonstrated that the La protein is a component of a subset of Ro particles. The data suggest that the La protein is not present on the hY RNA in the absence of the Ro polypeptide. These observations may define functional subsets or maturation states of hY RNA based on their association with Ro or Ro and La polypeptides.
Review of recent progress of III-nitride nanowire lasers (2013)

One-dimensional compound semiconductor nanolasers, especially nanowire (NW)-based nanolasers utilizing III-nitride (AlGaInN) materials system, are an emerging and promising area of research. Significant achievements have been made in developing III-nitride NW lasers with emission wavelengths from the deep ultraviolet (UV) to the near-infrared spectral range. The types of lasers under investigation include Fabry-Pérot, photonic crystal, plasmonic, ring resonator, microstadium, random, polariton, and two-dimensional distributed feedback lasers. The lasing thresholds vary by several orders of magnitude, which are a direct consequence of differing NW dimensions, quality of the NWs, characteristics of NW cavities, and coupling with the substrate. For electrically injected, such as ultralow-threshold and continuous-wave III-nitride NW lasers that can operate at room temperature, the following obstacles remain: carrier loss mechanisms including defect-related nonradiative surface recombination, electron overflow, and poor hole transport; low radiative recombination efficiency and high surface recombination; poor thermal management; and highly resistive ohmic contacts on the p -layer. These obstacles must be overcome to fully realize the potential of these lasers.
Macrocyclic Peptide Inhibitors of Serine Proteases. Convergent Total Synthesis of Cyclotheonamides A and B via a Late-Stage Primary Amine Intermediate. Study of Thrombin Inhibition under Diverse Conditions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacrocyclic Peptide Inhibitors of Serine Proteases. Convergent Total Synthesis of Cyclotheonamides A and B via a Late-Stage Primary Amine Intermediate. Study of Thrombin Inhibition under Diverse ConditionsBruce E. Maryanoff, Michael N. Greco, Han-Cheng Zhang, Patricia Andrade-Gordon, Jack A. Kauffman, K. C. Nicolaou, Aijun Liu, and Peter H. BrungsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4, 1225–1239Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00109a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1635Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Antioxidative activity, moisture retention, film formation, and viscosity stability of Auricularia fuscosuccinea, white strain water extract (2014)

This study showed that both water extracts (WAF-W) and ethanol extracts (EAF-W) of Auricularia fuscosuccinea (Montagne) Farlow, white strain (AF-W) demonstrated significantly stronger antioxidative effects than did commercially available Tremella fuciformis sporocarp extracts (WSK; with the exception of EAF-W in terms of superoxide radical scavenging activity levels). The moisture retention capacity of WAF-W is as potent as that of sodium hyaluronate (SHA), but less than that of WSK. No corrugation or fissures were observed in WAF-W film; only the SHA and WSK films demonstrated such effects in low-moisture conditions. The WAF-W solution also exhibited stable viscosity at high temperatures, indicating that the WAF-W film was more stable compared with the SHA and WSK films. WAF-W induced no adverse effects when a hen's egg test was performed on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). This study demonstrated that WAF-W exhibits excellent potential as a topical material for skin moisturizing and anti-aging effects.
Phase II trials of single-agent anti-VEGF therapy for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2010)

Between 2005 and 2008, we conducted separate phase II clinical testing of three distinct anti-VEGF therapies for patients with relapsed/refractory CLL. Collectively, 46 patients were accrued to trials of single-agent anti-VEGF antibody (bevacizumab, n = 13) or one of two receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (AZD2171, n = 15; sunitinib malate, n = 18). All patients have completed treatment. Patients received a median of two cycles of bevacizumab, AZD2171, or sunitinib malate. All three trials were closed early due to lack of efficacy. No complete or partial remissions were observed. Individually and collectively, these studies indicate that single-agent anti-VEGF therapy has minimal clinical activity for patients with relapsed/refractory CLL.
Association Between Extracellular Matrix Expansion Quantified by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Short-Term Mortality (2012)

ECV measures of extracellular matrix expansion may predict mortality as well as other composite end points (death/cardiac transplant/left ventricular assist device implantation).