gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stromal-derived factor 1 and thrombopoietin regulate distinct aspects of human megakaryopoiesis (2000)

The role of the chemokine binding stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in normal human megakaryopoiesis at the cellular and molecular levels and its comparison with that of thrombopoietin (TPO) have not been determined. In this study it was found that SDF-1, unlike TPO, does not stimulate αIIbβ3+ cell proliferation or differentiation or have an antiapoptotic effect. However, it does induce chemotaxis, trans-Matrigel migration, and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by these cells, and both SDF-1 and TPO increase the adhesion of αIIbβ3+ cells to fibrinogen and vitronectin. Investigating the intracellular signaling pathways induced by SDF-1 and TPO revealed some overlapping patterns of protein phosphorylation/activation (mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] p42/44, MAPK p38, and AKT [protein kinase B]) and some that were distinct for TPO (eg, JAK-STAT) and for SDF-1 (eg, NF-κB). It was also found that though inhibition of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) by LY294002 in αIIbβ3+ cells induced apoptosis and inhibited chemotaxis adhesion and the secretion of MMP-9 and VEGF, the inhibition of MAPK p42/44 (by the MEK inhibitor U0126) had no effect on the survival, proliferation, and migration of these cells. Hence, it is suggested that the proliferative effect of TPO is more related to activation of the JAK-STAT pathway (unique to TPO), and the PI-3K–AKT axis is differentially involved in TPO- and SDF-1–dependent signaling. Accordingly, PI-3K is involved in TPO-mediated inhibition of apoptosis, TPO- and SDF-1–regulated adhesion to fibrinogen and vitronectin, and SDF-1–mediated migration. This study expands the understanding of the role of SDF-1 and TPO in normal human megakaryopoiesis and indicates the molecular basis of the observed differences in cellular responses.
Immunostimulatory and Antitumor Activities of Monoglycosylceramides Having Various Sugar Moieties. (1995)

Ten kinds of monoglycosylceramides (MonoCers), having the same ceramide portion and different sugar moieties, were synthesized and their immunostimulatory and antitumor activities were examined. The manner of combination between sugar and ceramide has been demonstrated to affect the manifestation of immunostimulatory and resultant antitumor activities of MonoCers, and in the case of D-MonoCers having the D-sugar, alpha-D-MonoCers (sugar combined to ceramide in an alpha-configuration) show stronger activities than beta-D-MonoCers. Furthermore, the form of sugar, not the furanose-form but the pyranose-form, and the 2"- and 4"-hydroxyl groups of the pyranose-form of sugar, seemed to play an important role in the manifestation of the activities of alpha-D-MonoCers.
THE BLACK LAWYER AS NON-PERSON IN THE MEDIA, OR "IS YOU DA ALLIGATOR OR DA ALLIGATEET' (2024)

A comment on images of black lawyers in the mass media and its implications for African Americans in the profession.
Position-selective activation of peripheral nerve fibers with a cuff electrode (1996)

The degree of spatial selectivity which can be obtained with longitudinal dot tripoles in an insulating cuff was quantified in terms of the overlap between fiber populations activated by different tripoles. Previous studies have failed to take into account the relative influences of transverse current and longitudinal current on position-selective activation, and furthermore have not controlled for the differing sensitivities of large and small nerve fibers to electrical stimuli. In this study, these factors were taken into account. Transverse current from an anode positioned opposite the stimulating cathode was found to improve spatial selectivity, and selectivity was enhanced when the ratio of transverse current to longitudinal current was increased. Large fibers were excited before small fibers, irrespective of fiber position, indicating a combination of position and size selectivity.
Psychoactive substances: a guide to ethnobotanical plants and herbs, synthetic chemicals, compounds and products. (2010)

The â?~Guide to Ethnobotanical Plants and Herbs, Synthetic Chemicals, Compounds and Productsâ?T available to the Irish Market has been collated and designed by the Drug Education Officer and team in the Substance Misuse Service HSE, South Tipperary. This edition is a follow on to â?~A Guide to Substance Misuse for Medical Professionalsâ?T launched in November 2009. This Guide has been produced in response to requests from workers, users, medical professionals and academics for information on the emerging issue of legal herbal highs, plants and chemical alternatives available to buy in shops and online.
Loss of heterozygosity at 11p15 in malignant glioma. (1995)

Deletions of loci on chromosome 11p have been found frequently in several malignant tumors including gliomas, suggesting the presence of tumor suppressor genes. We analyzed 38 gliomas [26 malignant gliomas (grades III and IV) and 12 less malignant gliomas (grade I and II)] for loss of heterozygosity using microsatellite sequences on 11p as polymorphic markers. Loss of heterozygosity was found in 8 of 26 malignant gliomas (31%) but not in the less malignant gliomas. In the region with loss of heterozygosity, loci on 11p15.5-pter were commonly deleted. Our results suggest that a putative tumor suppressor gene involved in malignant progression of gliomas is located in an approximately 21-cM region on 11p15.5-pter.
Characteristics of modern nonlinear loads and their influence on systems with distributed generation (2007)

Nonlinear electronic loads may demonstrate unexpected reactions to variations in power system voltage. This effect of the electrical load may be very significant in distributed generation power systems containing relatively small generators. This paper reviews modern nonlinear electronic load current consumption mechanisms and provides typical current waveforms. Based on extensive measurements and field surveys, modified ZIP models have been developed to produce descriptive behaviour for a large class of nonlinear loads that account for cutoff voltages. Finally, an independent PC program was developed to analyse individual load equipment under varying voltage conditions based on the active and reactive powers at the rated voltage. The program also enables the study of combined loads (such as in a single residential or commercial building).
Low Catalyst Loadings for the Production of Carboxylic Acids from Polysaccharides and Hydrogen Peroxide (2010)

The oxidation of starch, xylans, potato flesh and wheat flour by H(2)O(2), in the presence of MSO(4) (M=Cu, Fe) as catalyst, led to depolymerization, and formation of solutions containing polyhydroxycarboxylic acids. Some of these oxidized compounds facilitate the process, leading to efficient transformations even with very low amounts of catalyst.
Definition of Amino Acid Residues on the Epitope Responsible for Recognition by Influenza A Virus H1-Specific, H2-Specific, and H1- and H2-Cross-Reactive Murine Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Clones (1998)

We defined the epitopes recognized by three influenza A virus-specific, H-2Kd-restricted CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clones: H1-specific clone A-12, H2-specific clone F-4, and H1- and H2-cross-reactive clone B7-B7. The A-12 and B7-B7 clones recognized the same peptide, which comprises amino acids 533 to 541 (IYSTVASSL) of A/PR/8 hemagglutinin (HA). The F-4 and B7-B7 clones both recognized the peptide which comprise amino acids 529 to 537 (IYATVAGSL) of A/Jap HA. Amino acids 533 to 541 of A/PR/8 HA are compatible with amino acids 529 to 537 of A/Jap HA. Amino acid S at positions 3 and 7 was responsible for recognition by H1-specific clone A-12, while amino acid G at position 7 was responsible for recognition by H2-specific clone F-4. Two conserved amino acids, T at position 4 and A at position 6, were responsible for recognition by H1-, and H2-cross-reactive clone B7-B7. These results indicate that a single nine-amino-acid region is recognized by HA-specific CTL clones of three different subtype specificities and that the amino acids responsible for the recognition by the CTL clones are different.
Electrochemical Properties and Chemical Structures of Metal-Doped SiO Anodes for Li-Ion Rechargeable Batteries (2007)

We have used a codeposition technique to develop high-capacity metal-doped anodes for use in Li-ion rechargeable batteries, and we have measured their electrochemical properties. Cycle maintenance rates were roughly 82% after 400 cycles with a manganese oxide cathode. Initial charge-discharge coulombic efficiencies were roughly 84% without Li addition and nearly 100% with Li addition to the anodes for their full performance using Li half-cells. The discharge capacities per unit weight of these anodes were about 3–4 times that of graphite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows that the anodes have a different chemical structure from that of nondoped anodes [ J. Electrochem. Soc. , 152 , A2089 (2005)] , that metal compounds are not formed in the doped metals, and that the valence of Si changed from 0 to , and back to 0, during initial charge and discharge. Doped-metal works as an electron transporter, helping diffusion of Li ions in the electrode, and improves the electrical properties of the material.
Simbología Religiosa y Objeción de Conciencia en el lugar de Trabajo: Un examen de la Sentencia de Estrasburgo en Eweida y otros c. Reino Unido (2013)

La sentencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en el caso de Eweida y otros c. Reino Unido(2) esta relacionada con otros dos casos. El primero tiene relacion con un auxiliar de vuelo de British Airways y con una enfermera, cada uno de los cuales se quejo por el hecho de que los codigos de vestimenta en sus lugares de trabajo no les permitian llevar abiertamente un pequeno crucifijo colgado de una cadena alrededor de su cuello. En el segundo, una registradora de matrimonios y un consejero de relaciones de pareja rechazaron prestar sus respectivos servicios a parejas del mismo sexo en base a que las practicas homosexuales eran incompatibles con sus creencias religiosas. No habiendo conseguido compensacion alguna en los tribunales internos, los cuatro demandantes llevaron sus reivindicaciones a Estrasburgo, donde tuvieron lugar los alegatos orales. La sentencia se pronuncio el 15 de enero de 2013. Este Comentario considera el amplio alcance de la sentencia, en particular la triple forma en la que el Tribunal ha clarificado e incorporado el derecho a la libertad religiosa, el resultado practico de los casos individuales, y el probable efecto de la sentencia sobre los futuros litigios en los tribunales domesticos del Reino Unido.
Network traffic characteristics of data centers in the wild (2010)

Although there is tremendous interest in designing improved networks for data centers, very little is known about the network-level traffic characteristics of data centers today. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study of the network traffic in 10 data centers belonging to three different categories, including university, enterprise campus, and cloud data centers. Our definition of cloud data centers includes not only data centers employed by large online service providers offering Internet-facing applications but also data centers used to host data-intensive (MapReduce style) applications). We collect and analyze SNMP statistics, topology and packet-level traces. We examine the range of applications deployed in these data centers and their placement, the flow-level and packet-level transmission properties of these applications, and their impact on network and link utilizations, congestion and packet drops. We describe the implications of the observed traffic patterns for data center internal traffic engineering as well as for recently proposed architectures for data center networks.
IDEAs based on the normal kernels probability density function (2000)

The IDEA framework is a general framework for iterated density estimation evolutionary algorithms. These algorithms use probabilistic models to guide the search in stochastic optimization. The estimation of densities for subsets of selected samples and the sampling from the resulting distributions, is the combination of the evolutionary recombination and mutation steps used in EAs. We investigate how the normal kernels probability density function can be used as the distribution of the problem variables in order to perform optimization using the IDEA framework. As a result, we present three probability density structure search algorithms, as well as a general estimation and sampling algorithm, all of which use the normal kernels distribution.
Fabrication of narrow far-field InGaAs-InAlGaAs broad-area lasers using quantum well intermixed extended cavities (1998)

Summary form only given. We report the first demonstration of InGaAs-InAlGaAs extended cavity lasers, using a new quantum well intermixing (QWI) process. The technique involves the deposition of a layer of sputtered SiO/sub 2/ on the semiconductor surface, followed by a high temperature anneal. The deposition process generates point defects at the sample surface by ion bombardment, which, during the anneal stage, diffuse into the active region, significantly enhancing the interdiffusion of well and barrier atoms.
“Armed” oncolytic herpes simplex viruses for brain tumor therapy (2008)

Genetically engineered, conditionally replicating herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) are promising therapeutic agents for brain tumors and other solid cancers. They can replicate in situ, spread and exhibit oncolytic activity via a direct cytocidal effect. One of the advantages of HSV-1 is the capacity to incorporate large and/or multiple transgenes within the viral genome. Oncolytic HSV-1 can therefore be "armed" to add certain functions. Recently, the field of armed oncolytic HSV-1 has drastically advanced, due to development of recombinant HSV-1 generation systems that utilize bacterial artificial chromosome and multiple DNA recombinases. Because antitumor immunity is induced in the course of oncolytic activities of HSV-1, transgenes encoding immunomodulatory molecules have been most frequently used for arming. Other armed oncolytic HSV-1 include those that express antiangiogenic factors, fusogenic membrane glycoproteins, suicide gene products, and proapoptotic proteins. Provided that the transgene product does not interfere with viral replication, such arming of oncolytic HSV-1 results in augmentation of antitumor efficacy. Immediate-early viral promoters are often used to control the arming transgenes, but strict-late viral promoters have been shown useful to restrict the expression in the late stage of viral replication when desirable. Some armed oncolytic HSV-1 have been created for the purpose of noninvasive in vivo imaging of viral infection and replication. Development of a wide variety of armed oncolytic HSV-1 will lead to an establishment of a new genre of therapy for brain tumors as well as other cancers.
Correlation of VEGF and Angiopoietin Expression with Disruption of Blood–Brain Barrier and Angiogenesis after Focal Cerebral Ischemia (2002)

In an effort to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying cerebral vascular alteration after stroke, the authors measured the spatial and temporal profiles of blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), associated receptors, and angiopoietins and receptors after embolic stroke in the rat. Two to four hours after onset of ischemia, VEGF mRNA increased, whereas angiopoietin 1 (Ang 1) mRNA decreased. Three-dimensional immunofluorescent analysis revealed spatial coincidence between increases of VEGF immunoreactivity and BBB leakage in the ischemic core. Two to 28 days after the onset of stroke, increased expression of VEGF/VEGF receptors and Ang/Tie2 was detected at the boundary of the ischemic lesion. Concurrently, enlarged and thin-walled vessels were detected at the boundary of the ischemic lesion, and these vessels developed into smaller vessels via sprouting and intussusception. Three-dimensional quantitative analysis of cerebral vessels at the boundary zone 14 days after ischemia revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in numbers of vessels (n = 365) compared with numbers (n = 66) in the homologous tissue of the contralateral hemisphere. Furthermore, capillaries in the penumbra had a significantly smaller diameter (4.8 +/- 2.0 microm) than capillaries (5.4 +/- 1.5 microm) in the homologous regions of the contralateral hemisphere. Together, these data suggest that acute alteration of VEGF and Ang 1 in the ischemic core may mediate BBB leakage, whereas upregulation of VEGF/VEGF receptors and Ang/Tie2 at the boundary zone may regulate neovascularization in ischemic brain.
Rapid detection of chromosome aneuploidies by quantitative fluorescence PCR: first application on 247 chorionic villus samples (1999)

We report the results of the first major study of applying quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) assays for the detection of major chromosome numerical disorders. The QF-PCR tests were performed on a total of 247 chorionic villus samples, which were analysed blind, without any knowledge of the results obtained using conventional cytogenetic analysis. The aims of this investigation were to evaluate the detection power and accuracy of this approach by testing a large number of fetal samples and to assess the diagnostic value of each of the chromosome specific small tandem repeat (STR) markers used. In addition, we introduced three more markers specific for chromosomes 13, 18, and X to allow an accurate analysis of samples homozygous for a particular STR. Fluorescent labelled primers were used to amplify 12 STRs specific for chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X, and the amylogenin-like DNA sequence AMXY, expressed on the X and Y chromosomes. In this blind study of 247 fetal samples, 222 were correctly diagnosed by QF-PCR as normal for each of the five chromosomes investigated; 20 were diagnosed by QF-PCR as trisomic for chromosomes 21, 18, or 13, in agreement with the cytogenetic tests. Only one false negative result was observed, probably owing to the mishandling of the sample, which had been transferred through three laboratories before being analysed by QF-PCR. The 247 samples also included four cases of mosaicism or translocation; one case of mosaic trisomy 21 was detected by QF-PCR and the other cases were not identified by QF-PCR. The results of this investigation provide clear evidence that the QF-PCR assays are powerful adjuncts to conventional cytogenetic techniques and can be applied for the rapid and accurate prenatal diagnosis of the most frequent aneuploidies.
Obinutuzumab (GA101) in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: final data from the phase 1/2 GAUGUIN study (2014)

GAUGUIN evaluated the safety and efficacy of obinutuzumab (GA101) monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In phase 1 (dose escalation), 13 patients received obinutuzumab 400 to 1200 mg (days 1 and 8 of cycle 1; day 1 of cycles 2-8). In phase 2, 20 patients received a fixed dose of 1000 mg (days 1, 8, and 15 of cycle 1; day 1 of cycles 2-8). Infusion-related reactions occurred in nearly all patients, but few were grade 3/4. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 7 patients in phase 1 (but was not dose-related) and in 4 patients in phase 2. Overall end-of-treatment response (all partial responses) was 62% (phase 1) and 15% (phase 2); best overall response was 62% and 30%, respectively. Phase 2 median progression-free survival was 10.7 months and median duration of response was 8.9 months. In summary, obinutuzumab monotherapy is active in patients with heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory CLL.
Silencing of the TGF-β1 Gene Increases the Immunogenicity of Cells From Human Ovarian Carcinoma (2012)

Cells from many tumors produce transforming growth factor (TGF)-β which facilitates their escape from control by the immune system. We previously reported that nonimmunogenic cells from either of 2 transplantable mouse tumors became effective as therapeutic tumor vaccines after lentivirus-mediated shRNA interference to "silence" the TGF-β1 gene. We now show that cells from in vitro cultured human ovarian carcinomas (OvC) make large amounts of TGF-β1 and that this can be prevented by "silencing" the TGF-β1 gene. We further show that in vitro sensitization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of either mitomycin-treated OvC cells whose TGF-β1 gene was silenced or in vitro matured dendritic cells that had been pulsed with homogenates from OvC cells with silenced TGF-β1 generated a stronger Th1/Tc1 immune response to the respective wild-type OvC and also to the OvC antigens mesothelin and HE4 as measured by ELIspot assays. The percentage of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased while there were fewer cells expressing markers characteristic for regulatory T cells or myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Similar results were obtained when peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a patient with OvC were sensitized to dendritic cells pulsed with homogenate from autologous TGF-β1-silenced tumor cells, and a cytolytic lymphocyte response was generated to autologous OvC cells. Our results support clinical evaluation of TGF-β1-silenced tumor vaccines for immunotherapy of OvC.
ZrO2 Thin Films Grown on Silicon Substrates by Atomic Layer Deposition with Cp2Zr(CH3)2 and Water as Precursors (2003)

Abstract ZrO 2 thin films have been deposited onto (100) silicon substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using Cp 2 Zr(CH 3 ) 2 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl) and water as precursors at 200–500 °C. Optimal results were obtained at 350 °C, with a deposition rate of 0.43 Å (cycle) –1 . Films deposited at 300–400 °C were polycrystalline, with monoclinic ( $ \bar 1 $ 11) as the preferred orientation. Carbon and hydrogen impurity levels in the films deposited at 350 °C were below the detection limit (0.1 at.‐%) of time of flight elastic recoil detection analysis (TOF‐ERDA). Dielectric properties of the deposited films were also determined. According to the high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis, 5 nm thick ZrO 2 films were uniform when deposited onto untreated Si(100).
rpe, a cis-acting element from the strA region of the Haemophilus influenzae chromosome that makes plasmid establishment independent of recombination (1986)

Plasmids that share homology with the Haemophilus influenzae chromosome transform wild-type cells more efficiently than they transform recombination-defective mutants. A 5.2-kilobase-pair chromosomal fragment containing the strA gene of H. influenzae was found to promote efficient plasmid establishment in recombination-defective mutants. A cis-acting element in the insert, called rpe for rec-less plasmid establishment, promoted plasmid transformation in rec-1 and rec-2 mutants without suppressing the recombination defects of these strains. The rpe locus increased plasmid transformation in wild-type cells without interfering with the pathway of plasmid establishment that is dependent on recombination functions.
Qubit Metrology of Ultralow Phase Noise Using Randomized Benchmarking (2015)

Further advances in the fidelity of quantum information systems will rely on precise measurements of ever smaller amounts of noise. The authors present a technique based on randomized benchmarking that is ideal for measuring noise at the small timescales and low error rates relevant to fault-tolerant error-correction schemes. Their SQUID-based test qubit is found to be limited not by $1/f$ flux noise, but rather by telegraph noise too small to be studied with standard methods.