gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of polycrystalline thin-film PV technologies for achieving midterm market-competitive PV modules (2005)

This paper reviews the current commercial status of CulnSe/sub 2/ alloys (collectively, CIS) and CdTe-based photovoltaic (PV) modules, comparing the performance of commercial products with the results achieved for solar cell and prototype module champions. We provide an update for these PV cell and module technologies, and also compare CIS and CdTe performance levels to the results achieved by the crystalline Si PV industry. This comparison shows that CIS and CdTe module technology presently offers the best (and perhaps only) approach for significantly exceeding the cost/performance levels established by crystalline Si PV technologies. A semi-empirical methodology is used for comparing "champion" solar cell and prototype module data with performance achieved on manufacturing lines. Using a conservative assumption that thin-film technologies will eliminate the 40% of PV module costs arising from the Si wafer or ribbon, we estimate the future performance of all established PV module candidates, and conclude that, based on 2004 knowledge about each PV technology, CIS and CdTe should provide cost-competitive advantages over crystalline Si.
From Superhydrophilic to Superhydrophobic: Controlling Wettability of Hydroxide Zinc Carbonate Film on Zinc Plates (2009)

Hydroxide zinc carbonate (HZC) films with different morphologies were deposited on zinc plates through a convenient chemical-bath deposition (CBD) process using urea solution. By altering deposition conditions, the structure of HZC crystals could be tuned from vertically aligned nanosheets to flowerlike microstructures. The upright-standing HZC nanosheets were developed from interconnected nanorods growing up on the zinc plates in aqueous urea solution and led to superhydrophilic properties because of the hydrophilic upside edges consisting of hydroxyl groups and large distance. In contrast, flowerlike microstructures formed in N,N-dimethylformamide-water solution and the exposed hydrophobic crystal planes resulted in superhydrophobic properties with a water contact angle as high as 155.2 degrees. The final surface wettabilities could be ascribed to both the atomic composition and hydrophilicity of HZC crystal planes exposed to the water-solid interface. All the surfaces with specific wettabilities can be one-step fabricated without subsequent modification, and tunable wetting properties can provide zinc substrates extending applications.
Experimental and Numerical Researches of Dynamic Failure of a High Strength Alumina/Boride Ceramic Composite (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Characterization of structural variants with single molecule and hybrid sequencing approaches (2014)

We present MultiBreak-SV, an algorithm to detect structural variants (SVs) from single molecule sequencing data, paired read sequencing data, or a combination of sequencing data from different platforms. We demonstrate that combining low-coverage third-generation data from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) with high-coverage paired read data is advantageous on simulated chromosomes. We apply MultiBreak-SV to PacBio data from four human fosmids and show that it detects known SVs with high sensitivity and specificity. Finally, we perform a whole-genome analysis on PacBio data from a complete hydatidiform mole cell line and predict 1002 high-probability SVs, over half of which are confirmed by an Illumina-based assembly.
Two complementation groups mediate tetracycline resistance determined by Tn10 (1982)

The structural and regulatory tetracycline resistance genes of transposon Tn10 are located on a 2,700-base pair HpaI fragment. We have used eight tetracycline-sensitive mutations in the 2,700-base pair fragment, cloned into two compatible plasmids, to demonstrate that two complementation groups are required for tetracycline resistance. By genetic recombination with plasmids containing the regulatory or structural regions for resistance, we have determined that both complementation groups reside within the structural region. The complementation groups, designated tetA and tetB, are proximal and distal, respectively, to the promoter for the tetracycline resistance structural region. The tetB mutations are in the portion of the structural region that is known to encode the 36,000-molecular-weight, inner-membrane TET protein. The levels of tetracycline resistance expressed during complementation suggest a complex interaction between the products of the tetA and tetB loci.
Oral Immunization with aSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhi Vaccine Induces Specific Circulating Mucosa-Homing CD4+and CD8+T Cells in Humans (2002)

The kinetics and homing characteristics of T-cell responses in humans after mucosal immunizations have not been well characterized. Therefore, we have investigated the magnitude and duration of such responses as well as the homing receptor expression of antigen-specific peripheral blood T cells by using an oral model vaccine, i.e., the live, attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi vaccine (Ty21a). Eight volunteers were each given three doses of the vaccine 2 days apart, and blood samples, from which CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were selected by the use of magnetic beads, were collected before vaccination and at regular intervals thereafter. To purify the potentially antigen-specific gut-homing T cells, CD45RA(-) integrin beta(7)(+) cells were further sorted by flow cytometry. The sorted cells were then stimulated in vitro with the serovar Typhi vaccine strain, and the proliferation of cells and the cytokine production were measured. Following vaccination, there was a large increase in both the proliferation of and the gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by blood T cells stimulated with the vaccine strain. The responses were seen among both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, although the CD8(+) cells produced the largest amounts of IFN-gamma. Peak responses were seen 7 to 14 days after the onset of vaccination. Furthermore, most of the IFN-gamma produced by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells emanated from cells with the potential to home to mucosal tissues, as the integrin beta(7)-expressing memory T cells produced around 10-fold more IFN-gamma than the remaining populations. In conclusion, we demonstrate that oral vaccination with a live oral bacterial vaccine induces antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells, almost all of which express the gut-homing integrin beta(7).
Efficiency of white cell filtration and a freeze‐thaw procedure for removal of HIV‐infected cells from blood (1990)

Strategies for diminishing the risk of blood transfusion-associated transmission of HIV-1 were evaluated. HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells were added to blood that was subsequently filtered by using different white cell (WBC) filters (cellulose acetate and polyester). The average log reduction of infected cells with polyester filters was at least 2.5 as measured by ID50 titration and polymerase chain reaction. In two WBC filtration experiments with blood from seropositive donors diluted 1:4 with seronegative blood, log reductions of 2.4 and greater than 2.5 were observed. No cell-free virus was retained by the filter used. A freeze-thaw procedure applied to HIV-1-contaminated blood resulted in a minimal log reduction. These results indicate that the reduction of HIV-1 infectivity as a result of filtration is mainly due to the removal of HIV-1-infected WBCs, and that complete removal of infected WBCs cannot be achieved by the current filtration or freeze-thaw procedures. However, the development of filters with enhanced ability to remove (possibly infected) WBCs may have the added benefit of improving the safety of donor blood, especially in multiply transfused patients.
Remote repair of operating system state using backdoors (2004)

Backdoors is a novel system architecture that enables remote monitoring and recovery/repair of the software state of a computer system without using its processors or relying on its OS resources. We have implemented a Backdoors prototype in the FreeBSD kernel using Myrinet NICs for remote access to the target machine. In a previous paper, we have shown how Backdoors can be used for recovery of "good" OS and application state from a failed system on other healthy systems. In this paper, we describe how Backdoors can be used to detect and repair damage to the OS state of a computer system. We present two case studies of remote repair of an OS subject to resource depletion (fork bomb and memory hog) to the point where it cannot perform useful work and local repair is impossible. We show that our prototype detects OS resource exhaustion efficiently and it successfully repairs the affected system.
New oral agents for treating dyslipidemia (2016)

Statins will remain the backbone of lipid-lowering therapy, although several novel oral agents are promising. The common theme across drugs in development is the demonstration of good lipid-lowering effect, although lacking cardiovascular outcomes data, which will likely be necessary before any of them, can be recommended or approved for widespread use.
Incidence and Predictors of Suicide Attempts in DSM–IV Major Depressive Disorder: A Five-Year Prospective Study (2010)

Among patients with major depressive disorder, incidence of suicide attempts varies markedly depending on the level of depression, being highest during major depressive episodes. Although previous attempts and poor social support also indicate risk, the time spent depressed is likely the major factor determining overall long-term risk.
Identification and sequencing of cDNA clones encoding the granule-associated serine proteases granzymes D, E, and F of cytolytic T lymphocytes. (1988)

Cytoplasmic granules of cytolytic T lymphocytes contain at least six related serine esterases (granzymes) that are released together with perforin, a pore-forming protein related to complement component C9, during target-cell lysis. Polyclonal antibodies were used to isolate a large number of cDNA clones from an expression library derived from cytolytic-T-cell mRNA. Three distinct full-length cDNA clones coding for granzymes D, E, and F were identified by restriction site mapping and nucleotide sequencing. The three deduced amino acid sequences are highly similar to one another (between 72% and 90% amino acid identities) and to the sequences of granzymes B and C, cathepsin G, and rat mast-cell proteases I and II (between 43% and 57% amino acid identities). Cysteine residues capable of forming intramolecular disulfide bonds are conserved, as are the catalytic-site residues characteristic of serine proteases. Comparison of the cDNA-derived protein sequences with the amino termini of the isolated granzymes provides evidence that they are stored in a fully processed, activated form after removal of the signal peptide and two additional residues (propeptide) at the amino terminus. Immunoelectron microscopic studies demonstrated that granzymes D, E, and F are present in the same morphologically distinct cytoplasmic granules in which perforin has been found previously.
Primary Hepatocytes from Mice Treated with IL-2/IL-12 Produce T Cell Chemoattractant Activity that Is Dependent on Monokine Induced by IFN-γ (Mig) and Chemokine Responsive to γ-2 (Crg-2) (2001)

The IFN-gamma-inducible proteins monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig) and chemokine responsive to gamma-2 (Crg-2) can contribute to IL-12-induced antiangiogenic and leukocyte-recruiting activities, but the extent to which leukocytes vs parenchymal cells in different organs contribute to the production of these molecules remains unclear. The results presented herein show that IFN-gamma-dependent induction of Mig and Crg-2 gene expression can occur in many nonlymphoid organs, and these genes are rapidly induced in purified hepatocytes isolated from mice treated with IL-2 plus IL-12, or from Hepa 1-6 hepatoma cells treated in vitro with IFN-gamma. In addition to depending on IFN-gamma, the ability of IL-12 or IL-2/IL-12 to induce Mig and Crg-2 gene expression in purified hepatocytes also is accompanied by the coordinate up-regulation of the IFN-gamma R alpha and beta-chains, in the absence of IL-12R components. Supernatants of primary hepatocytes obtained from mice treated in vivo with IL-2/IL-12 or from hepatocytes treated in vitro with IFN-gamma contain increased chemotactic activity for enriched human and mouse CD3(+) T cells, as well as mouse DX5(+) NK cells. The hepatocyte-derived chemotactic activity for mouse T cells but not NK cells was ablated by Abs specific for Mig and Crg-2. These results suggest that parenchymal cells in some organs may contribute substantially to initiation and/or amplification of inflammatory or antitumor responses.
Identification of critical amino acid residues in human and mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and their involvement in species specificity (1991)

Segments critical to the activity of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were identified by scanning deletion analysis and compared with the critical regions previously identified in the homologous mouse GM-CSF protein. Three of the four critical regions thus identified are in equivalent positions in their respective polypeptides, while a fourth critical region of each is uniquely located. To investigate whether unique critical regions are responsible for the observed species specificity of human and mouse GM-CSF, all critical regions were substituted into their opposite homologue. This identified one specific, but different, critical region in each homologue that could not be replaced. Further characterization of the nature of the species specificity of these two proteins was accomplished by the generation of a series of human/mouse GM-CSF hybrids. Each hybrid protein was assayed for specific activity on human- and mouse GM-CSF-dependent cell lines. Significant differences in the specific activity of these hybrids was observed, suggesting that different segments of each molecule interact with their respective receptors. Based on these two approaches, individual amino acids were identified that could provide, at least in part, the interactions between these protein ligands and their respective receptors. These residues are Thr-78 and Met-80 in human GM-CSF and Asp-92, Thr-98, and Asp-102 in mouse GM-CSF.
Empowering therapeutic antibodies with IFN-α for cancer immunotherapy (2019)

Type 1 IFNs stimulate secretion of IP-10 (CXCL10) which is a critical chemokine to recruit effector T cells to the tumor microenvironment and IP-10 knockout mice exhibit a phenotype with compromised effector T cell generation and trafficking. Type 1 IFNs also induce MHC class 1 upregulation on tumor cells which can enhance anti-tumor CD8 T cell effector response in the tumor microenvironment. Although type 1 IFNs show great promise in potentiating anti-tumor immune response, systemic delivery of type 1 IFNs is associated with toxicity thereby limiting clinical application. In this study, we fused tumor targeting antibodies with IFN-α and showed that the fusion proteins can be produced with high yields and purity. IFN fusions selectively induced IP-10 secretion from antigen positive tumor cells, which was critical in recruiting the effector T cells to the tumor microenvironment. Further, we found that treatment with the anti-PDL1-IFN- α fusion at concentrations as low as 1 pM exhibited potent activity in mediating OT1 CD8+ T cell killing against OVA expressing tumor cells, while control IFN fusion did not exhibit any activity at the same concentration. Furthermore, the IFN-α fusion antibody was well tolerated in vivo and demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in an anti-PD-L1 resistant syngeneic mouse tumor model. One of the potential mechanisms for the enhanced CD8 T cell killing by anti-PD-L1 IFN fusion was up-regulation of MHC class I/tumor antigen complex. Our data supports the hypothesis of targeting type 1 IFN to the tumor microenvironment may enhance effector T cell functions for anti-tumor immune response.
Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (2002)

Dynamic covalent chemistry relates to chemical reactions carried out reversibly under conditions of equilibrium control. The reversible nature of the reactions introduces the prospects of "error checking" and "proof-reading" into synthetic processes where dynamic covalent chemistry operates. Since the formation of products occurs under thermodynamic control, product distributions depend only on the relative stabilities of the final products. In kinetically controlled reactions, however, it is the free energy differences between the transition states leading to the products that determines their relative proportions. Supramolecular chemistry has had a huge impact on synthesis at two levels: one is noncovalent synthesis, or strict self-assembly, and the other is supramolecular assistance to molecular synthesis, also referred to as self-assembly followed by covalent modification. Noncovalent synthesis has given us access to finite supermolecules and infinite supramolecular arrays. Supramolecular assistance to covalent synthesis has been exploited in the construction of more-complex systems, such as interlocked molecular compounds (for example, catenanes and rotaxanes) as well as container molecules (molecular capsules). The appealing prospect of also synthesizing these types of compounds with complex molecular architectures using reversible covalent bond forming chemistry has led to the development of dynamic covalent chemistry. Historically, dynamic covalent chemistry has played a central role in the development of conformational analysis by opening up the possibility to be able to equilibrate configurational isomers, sometimes with base (for example, esters) and sometimes with acid (for example, acetals). These stereochemical "balancing acts" revealed another major advantage that dynamic covalent chemistry offers the chemist, which is not so easily accessible in the kinetically controlled regime: the ability to re-adjust the product distribution of a reaction, even once the initial products have been formed, by changing the reaction's environment (for example, concentration, temperature, presence or absence of a template). This highly transparent, yet tremendously subtle, characteristic of dynamic covalent chemistry has led to key discoveries in polymer chemistry. In this review, some recent examples where dynamic covalent chemistry has been demonstrated are shown to emphasise the basic concepts of this area of science.
Motor effects of stimulating the human cerebellar thalamus. (1995)

1. Observations were made on seven human subjects with electrodes implanted in the cerebellar thalamus for the control of tremor. 2. Weak stimulation at 1-2 Hz resulted in sudden lapses of posture of actively contracting contralateral limb muscles. Stronger stimuli caused muscle twitches even in relaxed muscles. 3. The stronger stimuli produced short latency facilitation of EMG activity in contralateral muscles; the pattern of muscle facilitation, the conduction velocity of the descending pathway and the estimated rise time of the underlying composite EPSP were consistent with direct activation of the corticospinal tract. 4. The lapses of posture produced by the weaker stimuli were associated with inhibition of ongoing EMG for up to 150 ms. This was due to the interruption of tonic drive to motoneurons rather than to their inhibition and was associated with depression of the motor evoked potential in relaxed muscles produced by weak anodal transcranial stimulation. The inhibition could be produced by 0.1 ms pulses, implying that a large-diameter fibre system was being activated. 5. A number of mechanisms could contribute to the inhibition, including inhibition from the reticular nucleus of the thalamus.
Atmospheric-pressure Molecular Imaging of Biological Tissues and Biofilms by LAESI Mass Spectrometry (2010)

Ambient ionization methods in mass spectrometry allow analytical investigations to be performed directly on a tissue or biofilm under native-like experimental conditions. Laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) is one such development and is particularly well-suited for the investigation of water-containing specimens. LAESI utilizes a mid-infrared laser beam (2.94 μm wavelength) to excite the water molecules of the sample. When the ablation fluence threshold is exceeded, the sample material is expelled in the form of particulate matter and these projectiles travel to tens of millimeters above the sample surface. In LAESI, this ablation plume is intercepted by highly charged droplets to capture a fraction of the ejected sample material and convert its chemical constituents into gas-phase ions. A mass spectrometer equipped with an atmospheric-pressure ion source interface is employed to analyze and record the composition of the released ions originating from the probed area (pixel) of the sample. A systematic interrogation over an array of pixels opens a way for molecular imaging in the microprobe analysis mode. A unique aspect of LAESI mass spectrometric imaging is depth profiling that, in combination with lateral imaging, enables three-dimensional (3D) molecular imaging. With current lateral and depth resolutions of ~100 μm and ~40 μm, respectively, LAESI mass spectrometric imaging helps to explore the molecular structure of biological tissues. Herein, we review the major elements of a LAESI system and provide guidelines for a successful imaging experiment.
(CA) repeat polymorphism in the chromosome 18 encoded dystrophin-like protein (1994)

Journal Article (CA) repeat polymorphism in the chromosome 18 encoded dystrophin-like protein Get access T.S. Khurana, T.S. Khurana 1Division of GeneticsBoston, MA 02115, USA4Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E.C. Engle, E.C. Engle 2NeurologyBoston, MA 02115, USA4Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R.R. Bennett, R.R. Bennett 1Division of GeneticsBoston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G.A. Silverman, G.A. Silverman 4Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Seling, S. Seling 3The Howard Hughes Medical Institue at Childrens HospitalBoston, MA 02115, USA4Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G.A.P. Bruns, G.A.P. Bruns 1Division of GeneticsBoston, MA 02115, USA4Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L.M. Kunkel L.M. Kunkel * 1Division of GeneticsBoston, MA 02115, USA3The Howard Hughes Medical Institue at Childrens HospitalBoston, MA 02115, USA4Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02115, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 1994, Page 841, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/3.5.841-a Published: 01 May 1994
A combined blood based gene expression and plasma protein abundance signature for diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer - a study of the OVCAD consortium (2013)

The combination of gene expression and plasma protein based blood derived biomarkers in one diagnostic model increases the sensitivity and the specificity significantly. Such a diagnostic test may allow earlier diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer.