gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the semantics of “now” in databases (1997)

Although “ now ” is expressed in SQL and CURRENT_TIMESTAMP within queries, this value cannot be stored in the database. How ever, this notion of an ever-increasing current-time value has been reflected in some temporal data models by inclusion of database-resident variables, such as “ now ” “ until-changed, ” “**,” “@,” and “-”. Time variables are very desirable, but their used also leads to a new type of database, consisting of tuples with variables, termed a variable database.
Induction of resistance to tuberculosis in mice with defined components of mycobacteria and with some unrelated materials. (1982)

Factors contributing to protection against experimental tuberculosis have been studied with refined and well characterized fractions from mycobacteria and with certain unrelated antigens. Mice were vaccinated intravenously with various combinations of materials presented on minute oil droplets in saline emulsions and were later challenged by aerosol. The minimal composition of an effective vaccine was P3 (a trehalose mycolate similar to cord factor) plus an antigen, which could be tuberculoprotein, or a low-molecular-weight tuberculin-active peptide, or unrelated antigen such as bovine serum albumin or bacterial endotoxin. Development of a hypersensitivity granuloma in the lungs appeared to be essential to protection in this laboratory model.
Effect of a high-molecular-weight component of cranberry on constituents of dental biofilm (2004)

Our results indicate that NDM may affect biofilm formation. One of the proposed mechanisms is via inhibition of extracellular polysaccharide synthesis, which promote the sucrose-dependent adhesion of oral bacteria as S. sobrinus.
MOLECULAR EFFECTS of lithium (2004)

Bipolar affective disorder is a common, severe, chronic, and often life-threatening illness, associated with other medical and psychiatric conditions (i.e., co-morbidity). The treatment of this devastating disorder was revolutionized by the discovery of lithium's antimanic effects over fifty years ago. Recent molecular and cellular biological studies have identified a number of unexpected targets for this monovalent cation, notably glycogen synthase kinase-3 and neurotrophic signaling cascades. These findings are leading to a reconceptualization of the biological underpinnings of bipolar disorder and are resulting in considerable interest in utilizing lithium for the treatment of certain neurodegenerative disorders. We review recent insights into lithium's actions including its direct inhibitory actions on inositol monophosphatase, inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase, glycogen synthase kinase-3, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, bisphosphate nucleotidase, and phosphoglucomutase enzymes. We also discuss lithium's intracellular downstream targets including adenylate cyclase, the phosphoinositol cascade (and its effect on protein kinase C), arachidonic acid metabolism, and effects on neurotrophic cascades. Many of the new insights of lithium's actions may lead to the strategic development of improved therapeutics for the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Chimeric transcript discovery by paired-end transcriptome sequencing (2009)

Recurrent gene fusions are a prevalent class of mutations arising from the juxtaposition of 2 distinct regions, which can generate novel functional transcripts that could serve as valuable therapeutic targets in cancer. Therefore, we aim to establish a sensitive, high-throughput methodology to comprehensively catalog functional gene fusions in cancer by evaluating a paired-end transcriptome sequencing strategy. Not only did a paired-end approach provide a greater dynamic range in comparison with single read based approaches, but it clearly distinguished the high-level "driving" gene fusions, such as BCR-ABL1 and TMPRSS2-ERG, from potential lower level "passenger" gene fusions. Also, the comprehensiveness of a paired-end approach enabled the discovery of 12 previously undescribed gene fusions in 4 commonly used cell lines that eluded previous approaches. Using the paired-end transcriptome sequencing approach, we observed read-through mRNA chimeras, tissue-type restricted chimeras, converging transcripts, diverging transcripts, and overlapping mRNA transcripts. Last, we successfully used paired-end transcriptome sequencing to detect previously undescribed ETS gene fusions in prostate tumors. Together, this study establishes a highly specific and sensitive approach for accurately and comprehensively cataloguing chimeras within a sample using paired-end transcriptome sequencing.
The course of C-reactive protein response in untreated upper respiratory tract infection. (2004)

A moderately elevated CRP value (10-60 mg/l) is a common finding in viral upper respiratory tract infection, with a peak during days 2-4 of illness. Moderately elevated CRP values cannot support a diagnosis of bacterial infection when the illness has lasted less than 7 days, but may indicate a complication of viral infection after a week.
Inhibition of T lymphocyte heparanase by heparin prevents T cell migration and T cell‐mediated immunity (1990)

Previously we reported that activated T lymphocytes express a heparanase enzyme that degrades the heparan sulfate moiety of the proteoglycan of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Expression of the heparanase enzyme was found to be associated with the ability of activated T lymphocytes to penetrate blood vessel walls and accumulate in target organs. We recently found that relatively low doses of heparin administered to mice or rats inhibited T cell-mediated immune reactions. In the present study we investigated the effects in vitro and in vivo of the heparanase inhibitor, heparin, on the expression of T lymphocyte heparanase and on the ability of T lymphocytes to mediate a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. We found that heparanase was induced by immunizing mice with antigen in vivo or by activating T lymphocytes with concanavalin A in vitro. Relatively low doses of heparin administered once daily in vivo (5 micrograms) or present in vitro (0.1 microgram/ml) inhibited the expression of heparanase induced by immunization or by concanavalin A incubation. Higher or lower doses of heparin did not have these effects. The same doses of heparin that inhibited expression of heparanase also inhibited the ability of the lymph node cells to migrate to a site of antigen and adoptively produce a DTH reaction. These findings suggest that modulation of cell-mediated immune reactions may be achieved by relatively low doses of heparin which inhibit expression of T lymphocyte heparanase.
Structure-reactivity relations for thiol-disulfide interchange (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure-reactivity relations for thiol-disulfide interchangeJanette Houk and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 22, 6825–6836Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00256a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00256a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3722Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimal methods for fluorescence and diffuse reflectance measurements of tissue biopsy samples (2002)

It was found that the effects of freezing and thawing on the fluorescence properties of tissue are greater than any changes brought about by degradation of tissue over a time frame of 90 minutes after biopsy. Performing ex vivo fluorescence measurements within a reasonable time window has the advantage of more accurately reproducing the clinically relevant in vivo conditions in the case of the hamster cheek pouch tissue. Therefore, in tissue biopsy studies, the tissue sample should ideally be maintained in an unfrozen state prior to measurement.
Infection of mice with Neospora caninum (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) does not protect against challenge with Toxoplasma gondii (1990)

Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are structurally related protozoal parasites of mammals that may cause abortion and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Groups of mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 10(5) live zoites of the NC-1 or NC-3 isolates of N. caninum and reinoculated with an identical number of live zoites 2 weeks later. Groups of mice which were injected subcutaneously with Hanks balanced salt solution served as controls. Three weeks after the final N. caninum inoculation, one-half of the mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 2.5 x 10(4) zoites of the RH isolate of T. gondii and the other half were inoculated subcutaneously with 2.5 x 10(4) zoites of the GT-1 isolate of T. gondii. Serum samples taken from mice on the day of T. gondii inoculation were negative for specific antibodies to T. gondii, but mice inoculated with N. caninum had reciprocal titers of greater than or equal to 800 to this protozoan. All of the mice died after challenge with T. gondii, and no significant differences (P greater than 0.05) between the survival times of mice inoculated with either isolate of N. caninum and those of control mice were seen. This study indicates that N. caninum and T. gondii are distinct biologic entities and not closely related isolates.
Circulating cell-free DNA: A promising marker of regional lymphonode metastasis in breast cancer patients (2012)

We observed that necrosis could be a potential source of circulating tumour-specific cfDNA ALU247; and that cfDNA ALU247 and methylated cfDNA (RASSF1A, MAL and SFRP1) are both a phenotypic feature of tumour biology.
Photolithography-free interdigitated back-contacted silicon heterojunction solar cells with efficiency &#x003E;21% (2014)

We report on the development of interdigitated back-contacted silicon heterojunction solar cells with conversion efficiencies well above 21%. Doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon layers, needed for electron and hole collection, are patterned via in-situ shadow masking whereas transparent conductive oxide and metal layers, of the back electrodes, are defined via hot melt inkjet printing of an etch resist and subsequent wet etching. Our technology is therefore photolithography-free and avoids any high-temperature step. The best fabricated solar cell presents a high short-circuit current density of 39.9 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , an open-circuit voltage of 724 mV and a fill factor of 74.5% resulting in a conversion efficiency of 21.5%, with a strong upside potential. We report also on a silver-free IBC-SHJ solar cell with conversion efficiency >20%.
Transcribing broadcast news shows (2002)

While significant improvements have been made in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition of large read-speech corpora such as the ARPA Wall Street Journal-based CSR corpus (WSJ) for American English and the BREF corpus for French, these tasks remain relatively artificial. In this paper we report on our development work in moving from laboratory read speech data to real-world speech data in order to build a system for the new ARPA broadcast news transcription task. The LIMSI Nov96 speech recognizer makes use of continuous density HMMs with Gaussian mixtures for acoustic modeling and n-gram statistics estimated on newspaper texts. The acoustic models are trained on the WSJO/WSJ1, and adapted using MAP estimation with task-specific training data. The overall word error on the Nov96 partitioned evaluation test was 27.1%.
Trypsin and Chymotrypsin Inhibitors in Insects and Gut Leeches (2002)

The constant increase of life expectancy is associated with major ageing of developed populations. This indicates that the new century will have one of most epidemic progressions of cardiovascular, cancer and inflammatory diseases. The high challenge for medical research is to compress such morbidity. In these conditions, invertebrates have demonstrated to be truly useful models in drug discovery for such ageing diseases. The last decade, drug discovery in leeches has opened the gate of new molecules to treat emphysema, coagulation, inflammation, dermitis and cancer. Also other invertebrates such as insects, which evolved from the annelids, harvest potential interesting molecules, such as serine protease inhibitors that can be exploited by the medical industry.
Induction of differentiation of human leukemia cells by inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase (1991)

Inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase, 1-(5-chloronaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride (ML-9) and 1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride (ML-7), induced Nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activity, lysozyme activity and morphological maturation of human monoblastic U937, THP-1 and promyelocytic HL-60 cells, but not of erythroblastic K562 cells. However, three analogs of ML-9, which are an inhibitor and an activator of protein kinase C, and a calmodulin antagonist, respectively, did not induce differentiation of the cells.
Hyaluronan and Human Endothelial Cell Behavior (2008)

Hyaluronan (HA) is the only nonsulphated glycosaminoglycan of extracellular matrix. In mammals HA is synthesised by three homologues HA synthases: HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3. The HA is daily catabolized by the hyaluronidase enzymes to either oligosaccharides or larger polymer. Despite its simple structure, HA is involved in a great number of biological functions, such as cell proliferation and migration, morphogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Moreover, an important biological role is related to HA oligosaccharides that stimulate cytokine secretion and endothelial cell proliferation. Nevertheless no data about HA presence in endothelium are reported in literature. Several studies underline HA involvement in endothelial cell proliferation, migration, new vessels formation, and leucocytes recruitment. We review the role of HA in endothelial cell in normal condition and during vascular injury.
The structure of leucogenenol (1971)

The structure of leucogenenol, a blood cell stimulatory substance has now been determined. The compound forms a number of salts, a monomethyl enol ether, a derived tetra-acetate, and a hexabenzoate. Leucogenenol is hydrolysed to form 1,2-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methylcyclohexane-1,2-dione, glycolaldehyde, aminoacetaldehyde and ammonia. This evidence and spectroscopic data indicate that leucogenenol is 2-(1,2-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxocyclohexyl)-3,11-dihydroxy-11-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methyl-1-oxa-5-azaspiro[5,5]undeca-2,4-dien-7-one.
Classification of Species in the Genus Penicillium by Curie Point PyrolysisMass Spectrometry Followed by Multivariate Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks (1996)

Curie point pyrolysis/mass spectrometry of Penicillium species was performed with 530°C Curie point foils. The mass spectra were submitted to principal component analysis, canonical variates analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, producing a final dendrogram by the use of average linkage clustering. By this approach a successful classification of the species Penicillium italicum, P. expansum and P. digitatum originating from fruits was obtained. Isolates of the same species grouped together in the dendrogram, while the different species were distinguished. Also when grown on two different agar media, replicates of the same species grouped together. Likewise, a satisfactory classification was achieved by multivariate analysis of the data for various isolates of the cheese-associated fungi Aspergillus versicolor, P. discolor, P. roqueforti, P. solitum, P. verrucosum, P. commune and P. palitans. However, some difficulties appeared in distinguishing the closely related species P. commune and P. palitans. Such difficulties became greater on including more isolates and limiting the analysis to five of the species. The use of back-propagation artificial neural networks, in contrast, resulted in a correct classification in all cases. Thus, it is concluded that Curie point pyrolysis/mass spectrometry is useful in chemotaxonomic studies of the closely related species in the genus Penicillium.
Porcine induced pluripotent stem cells analogous to nave and primed embryonic stem cells of the mouse (2010)

Authentic or naïve embryonic stem cells (ESC) have probably never been derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of pig blastocysts, despite over 25 years of effort. Recently, several groups, including ours, have reported induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from swine by reprogramming somatic cells with a combination of four factors, OCT4 (POU5F1)/SOX2/KLF4/c-MYC delivered by retroviral transduction. The porcine (p) iPSC resembled human (h) ESC and the mouse "Epiblast stem cells" (EpiSC) in their colony morphology and expression of pluripotent genes, and are likely dependent on FGF2/ACTIVIN/NODAL signaling, therefore representing a primed ESC state. These cells are likely to advance swine as a model in biomedical research, since grafts could potentially be matched to the animal that donated the cells for re-programming. The objective of the present work has been to develop naïve piPSC. Employing a combination of seven reprogramming factors assembled on episomal vectors, we successfully reprogrammed porcine embryonic fibroblasts on a modified LIF-medium supplemented with two kinase inhibitors; CHIR99021, which inhibits GSK-3beta, and PD0325901, a MEK inhibitor. The derived piPSC bear a striking resemblance to naïve mESC in colony morphology, are dependent on LIF to maintain an undifferentiated phenotype, and express markers consistent with pluripotency. They exhibit high telomerase activity, a short cell cycle interval, and a normal karyotype, and are able to generate teratomas. Currently, the competence of these lines for contributing to germ-line chimeras is being tested.
Synergistic antitumor effects of FGFR2 inhibitor with 5‐fluorouracil on scirrhous gastric carcinoma (2009)

Scirrhous gastric carcinoma (SGC) carries the highest mortality because of a frequent metastasis to lymph node (LN). S1, a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) analog, is clinically available for gastric cancer at an advanced stage. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is required for the proliferation of SGC. The objective of this study is to clarify the benefit of a combination of S1 and kinase inhibitors including FGFR2 inhibitor Ki23057 in gastric cancer. OCUM-2MLN and KATO-III were derived from SGC. MKN-7 and MKN-74 were derived from non-SGC. MTT assay was used to examine the growth-inhibitory activity of 5 small-synthetic molecules including Ki23057, Sunitinib, Glivec, Lapatinib or SU11274, in cells cultured with 5-FU. Combination effects of 5-FU with Ki23057 on proliferation, apoptosis and mRNA expression were examined. S1 and/or Ki23057 were administered to murine models of SGC created by the orthotopic inoculation of OCUM-2MLN cells. Ki23057 at 100 nM significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited the proliferation and decreased the phosphorylation of FGFR2 in SGC cells, but not in non-SGC. Ki23057 showed synergistic antitumor effects for SGC cells in combination with 5-FU using CalcuSyn analysis, but Sunitinib, Glivec, Lapatinib and SU11274 did not. The combination of Ki23057 and 5-FU decreased DPD expression and increased apoptosis rates and p21 expression level of SGC cells. The combined administration of S1 and Ki23057 significantly (p < 0.05) decreased orthotopic tumors as well as LN metastasis more effectively than S1 alone. These findings suggested that the combined treatment with 5-FU and Ki23057 produced synergistic antitumor effects and is therapeutically promising for SGC treatment.
A critical role for IL-21 receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus in BXSB-Yaamice (2009)

Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by CD4 T cells that affects the differentiation and function of T, B, and NK cells by binding to a receptor consisting of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain and the IL-21 receptor (IL-21R). IL-21, a product associated with IL-17-producing CD4 T cells (T(H)17) and follicular CD4 T helper cells (T(FH)), has been implicated in autoimmune disorders including the severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease characteristic of BXSB-Yaa mice. To determine whether IL-21 plays a significant role in this disease, we compared IL-21R-deficient and -competent BXSB-Yaa mice for multiple parameters of SLE. The deficient mice showed none of the abnormalities characteristic of SLE in IL-21R-competent Yaa mice, including hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibody production, reduced frequencies of marginal zone B cells and monocytosis, renal disease, and premature morbidity. IL-21 production associated with this autoimmune disease was not a product of T(H)17 cells and was not limited to conventional CXCR5(+) T(FH) but instead was produced broadly by ICOS(+) CD4(+) splenic T cells. IL-21 arising from an abnormal population of CD4 T cells is thus central to the development of this lethal disease, and, more generally, could play an important role in human SLE and related autoimmune disorders.
Compositional Learning of Embeddings for Relation Paths in Knowledge Base and Text (2016)

Modeling relation paths has offered significant gains in embedding models for knowledge base (KB) completion. However, enumerating paths between two entities is very expensive, and existing approaches typically resort to approximation with a sampled subset. This problem is particularly acute when text is jointly modeled with KB relations and used to provide direct evidence for facts mentioned in it. In this paper, we propose the first exact dynamic programming algorithm which enables efficient incorporation of all relation paths of bounded length, while modeling both relation types and intermediate nodes in the compositional path representations. We conduct a theoretical analysis of the efficiency gain from the approach. Experiments on two datasets show that it addresses representational limitations in prior approaches and improves accuracy in KB completion.