gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of mutations of p53 tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic juice and its application to diagnosis of patients with pancreatic cancer: comparison with K-ras mutation. (1999)

Because of the difficulty in obtaining biopsy specimens from pancreatic cancer patients, K-ras mutation analysis in pancreatic juice has been used for specific diagnosis. But recently, false positives have been obtained with this method. To improve the genetic diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, detection of p53 gene mutation in pancreatic juice was studied. Pancreatic juice was sampled endoscopically. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis was used for p53 mutation analysis. Furthermore, K-ras mutations at codon 12 were also studied in the same pancreatic cancer patients. Of 26 cases of pancreatic cancer, p53 mutations were detected in 11 (42.3%). No mutations were seen in the cases with mucin-producing adenoma nor with chronic pancreatitis. K-ras mutations were detected in 84.0% of cases by RFLP analysis, which has high sensitivity, and in 65.3% by hybridization protection assay, which has high specificity. Using a combination assay with both genes, genetic abnormalities were detected in 92.0% by RFLP and 73.1% by hybridization protection assay including two cases in which p53 alone was positive by both methods. The specificity of p53 mutation for pancreatic cancer is very high. Therefore, simultaneous analysis of p53 and K-ras mutation is suggested to enhance the genetic diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Fibroblast growth factor‐2 but not Mel‐CAM and/or β3 integrin promotes progression of melanocytes to melanoma (2003)

A variety of melanoma-associated antigens have been identified that mediate adhesion, growth, proteolysis, and modulation of immune response. However, the mechanisms by which human normal melanocytes become malignant are not clearly understood. Among the most consistent observations is the up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and of the adhesion molecules beta3 integrin and Mel-CAM during melanoma progression. To evaluate the potential role of FGF-2, beta3 integrin and Mel-CAM in melanoma development we overexpressed FGF-2, beta3 integrin and Mel-CAM in normal human melanocytes using replication-deficient adenoviruses as a gene delivery vehicle. Fibroblast growth factor-2 overexpressing melanocytes in monolayer culture displayed cytological atypia. Furthermore, in human skin reconstructs where the physiological milieu is recreated in vitro, FGF-2-overexpressing melanocytes exhibited marked proliferation, upwards migration, cluster formation and type IV collagen expression within the epidermal compartment, simulating early radial growth phase melanoma. In contrast, overexpression of beta3 integrin and/or Mel-CAM in melanocytes did not affect their biological behaviour in human skin reconstructs. The described results of the current and previous studies emphasise the key role of FGF-2 in melanoma development and progression, underscoring the promise of FGF-2 as a target for therapy.
Strategies for Tobacco Control in India: A Systematic Review (2015)

Tobacco-use outcomes could be improved by school/community-based and adult education interventions, and cessation assistance, facilitated by training for health professionals and schoolteachers. Additional tobacco control measures should be assessed.
Corticotropin‐Peptide Regulation of Intracellular Cyclic AMP Production in Cortical Neurons in Primary Culture (1985)

Previous studies have provided evidence for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) effects on a wide variety of behaviors. However, the precise sites of action and the mechanisms by which these effects may be mediated have yet to be clearly elucidated. Although ACTH was shown to augment cyclic AMP levels in glial cells isolated from whole brain, other studies found little or no effect of ACTH peptides on cyclic nucleotide metabolism in slices of cerebral cortex or homogenates of whole brain. In the present study, our objective was to determine whether ACTH peptides regulate intracellular cyclic AMP levels in neurons of the cerebral cortex in primary culture. ACTH peptides stimulated cyclic AMP synthesis up to threefold in a dose-dependent manner; stimulation was complete within 5-10 min of exposure to agonists. Neurohormone efficacy was augmented by 0.1 microM forskolin (which was virtually ineffective alone); potency was unaffected. The order of potency (EC50) for increasing intracellular cyclic AMP levels was as follows: ACTH (1-24), ACTH (1-17) (10 nM) greater than alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH, beta-MSH) (100 nM) greater than ACTH (1-10) (1 microM) greater than ACTH (4-10) (5 microM). The hexapeptide ACTH (4-9) as well as ACTH (11-24) were inactive at concentrations as high as 10 microM. Other neuropeptides derived from proopiocortin, such as beta-endorphin and Met- and Leu-enkephalin were without effect on basal or hormonally stimulated cyclic AMP synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Studies with 1‐functionally substituted alkylbenzotriazoles: An efficient route for the synthesis of 1‐azolylbenzotriazoles, benzotriazolylazines and benzotriazolylazoloazines (2000)

Abstract A new approach to the synthesis of pyrazole, isoxazole, pyridine and pyrazolo[1,5‐α]pyrimidine deriva tives is reported. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was elucidated by elemental analyses, ir and 1 H nmr spectra, and in some cases by 13 C nmr investigation.
A data set for color research (2002)

Abstract We present an extensive data set for color research that has been made available online ( www.cs. sfu.ca/∼colour/data) . The data are especially germane to research into computational color constancy, but we have also aimed to make the data as general as possible, and we anticipate a wide range of benefits to research into computational color science and computer vision. Because data are useful only in context, we provide the details of the collection process, including the camera characterization, and the data used to determine that characterization. The most significant part of the data is 743 images of scenes taken under a carefully chosen set of 11 illuminants. The data set also has several standardized sets of spectra for synthetic data experiments, including some data for fluorescent surfaces. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 147–151, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10049
Inhibition of the ATP‐driven proton pump in RPE lysosomes by the major lipofuscin fluorophore A2‐E may contribute to the pathogenesis of age‐related macular degeneration (2004)

Lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is associated with various blinding retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The major lipofuscin fluorophor A2-E is thought to play an important pathogenetic role. In previous studies A2-E was shown to severely impair lysosomal function of RPE cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remained obscure. Using purified lysosomes from RPE cells we now demonstrate that A2-E is a potent inhibitor of the ATP-driven proton pump located in the lysosomal membrane. Such inhibition of proton transport to the lysosomal lumen results in an increase of the lysosomal pH with subsequent inhibition of lysosomal hydrolases. An essential task of the lysosomal apparatus of postmitotic RPE for normal photoreceptor function is phagocytosis and degradation of membranous discs shed from photoreceptor outer segments (POS) and of biomolecules from autophagy. When the lysosomes of cultured RPE cells were experimentally loaded with A2-E, we observed intracellular accumulation of exogenously added POS with subsequent congestion of the phagocytic process. Moreover, the autophagic sequestration of cytoplasmic material was also markedly reduced after A2-E loading. These data support the hypothesis that A2-E-induced lysosomal dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of AMD and other retinal diseases associated with excessive lipofuscin accumulation.
Imaging and nanodissection of individual supercoiled plasmids by atomic force microscopy (1992)

The atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to image supercoiled plasmid DNA deposited on a mica surface in either a hydrated or desiccated state. Hydrated plasmid was precisely cut by the scanning tip at a location determined by the instrument operator. Small pieces of DNA (100-150 nm in length) were excised and deposited adjacent to the dissected plasmid, demonstrating that it is possible to remove and manipulate genomic DNA fragments, unresolvable by light microscopy, from defined chromosomal locations by AFM.
Preparation and inhibitory activity on hyaluronidase of fully O-sulfated hyaluro-oligosaccharides (2001)

Hyaluronan was partially depolymerized on a large-scale quantity using bacterial hyaluronidase (E.C. 4.2.2.1) for preparation of chemically fully O-sulfated oligosaccharides. The hyaluro-oligosaccharide (HAoligo) mixture obtained by partial digestion was repeatedly applied to low pressure gel permeation chromatographic separation to purify the size-unified oligosaccharide ranged from 4- to 20-mer. The purity and size of each HAoligo was confirmed by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis (CE) on normal polarity mode, and a newly established separation method by normal phase chromatography with Amide-80 column. The purified HAoligos ranged 4- to 20-mer were applied to chemically fully O-sulfation. Characterization of chemically fully O-sulfated HAoligos was performed by both chemical compositional analyses after hydrolysis and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. While the anti-factor IIa activity of 4- to 20-mer O-sulfated HAoligos was less than 3.1 units/mg, the inhibitory action for hyaluronidase (bovine testicular hyaluronidase (E.C.3.2.1.35)) of the oligosaccharides ranged 16- to 20-mer were corresponding to 79% of that shown by fully O-sulfated hyaluronan (MW 100 kDa) through both competitive and noncompetitive effects.
Noninvasive in vivo monitoring of tissue-specific global gene expression in humans (2014)

Circulating cell-free RNA in the blood provides a potential window into the health, phenotype, and developmental programs of a variety of human organs. We used high-throughput methods of RNA analysis such as microarrays and next-generation sequencing to characterize the global landscape circulating RNA in a cohort of human subjects. By focusing on genes whose expression is highly specific to certain tissues, we were able to identify the relative contributions of these tissues to circulating RNA and to monitor changes in tissue development and health. As one application of this approach, we performed a longitudinal study on pregnant women and analyzed their combined cell-free RNA transcriptomes across all three trimesters of pregnancy and after delivery. In addition to the analysis of mRNA, we observed and characterized noncoding species such as long noncoding RNA and circular RNA transcripts whose presence had not been previously observed in human plasma. We demonstrate that it is possible to track specific longitudinal phenotypic changes in both the mother and the fetus and that it is possible to directly measure transcripts from a variety of fetal tissues in the maternal blood sample. We also studied the role of neuron-specific transcripts in the blood of healthy adults and those suffering from the neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease and showed that disease specific neural transcripts are present at increased levels in the blood of affected individuals. Characterization of the cell-free transcriptome in its entirety may thus provide broad insights into human health and development without the need for invasive tissue sampling.
Reduced mortality rate in patients with severe traumatic brain injury treated with brain tissue oxygen monitoring (2005)

The use of both ICP and brain tissue PO2 monitors and therapy directed at brain tissue PO2 is associated with reduced patient death following severe TBI.
A non-intrusive multi-sensor system for characterizing driver behavior (2010)

Understanding driver behavior is critical towards ensuring superior levels of safety and environmental sustainability in intelligent transportation systems. Existing solutions for vital sign extraction are generally intrusive in that they affect the comfort of the driver and may consequently lead to biased observations. Moreover, low-complexity devices such as GPS receivers and the multitude of sensors present in the vehicle are yet to be exploited to the full extent of their capabilities. We present a real-life system that combines wearable non-intrusive heart wave monitors with a wireless enabled computing platform capable of gathering and processing the data streams of multiple in-vehicle sources. Observed variables include electrocardiogram, vehicle location, speed, acceleration, fuel consumption, and pedal position, among others. Preliminary results show that the proposed system is well suited not only for characterizing driver behavior but also for identifying and mapping potentially dangerous road segments and intersections.
Modulation of Cellular Responses by Plasmid CD40L: CD40L Plasmid Vectors Enhance Antigen-Specific Helper T Cell Type 1 CD4 + T Cell-Mediated Protective Immunity against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Vivo (2001)

Engineering gene therapy vectors to modulate the immune response is an important goal. In this regard, costimulation of T cells is a critical determinant in immune activation. The costimulatory molecule CD40, expressed on antigen-presenting cells, is thought to interact with CD40 ligand (CD40L) expressed on activated CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells to further drive interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression and antigen-specific T cell expansion necessary for both class II and class I responses. To compare the specific roles of these two costimulatory molecules in immune induction in a herpes simplex virus (HSV) model, we constructed plasmid DNAs expressing CD40 and CD40L, coimmunized these molecules with a gD plasmid vaccine, and then analyzed immune modulatory effects as well as protection against lethal HSV-2 challenge. We observed that gD-specific IgG production was unaffected by these molecules. However, a higher production of IgG2a isotype was induced by CD40L coinjection, suggesting that CD40L drives immune responses towards a helper T cell type 1 (Th1) phenotype. CD40L also enhanced Th cell proliferative responses and production of Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and beta-chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1alpha) from splenocytes. In contrast, CD40 showed slightly increasing effects on T cell proliferation responses and cytokine and chemokine production. When animals were challenged with a lethal dose of HSV-2, CD40L-coimmunized animals exhibited a significantly enhanced survival rate, as compared with CD40 coinjection or gD DNA vaccine alone. This enhanced protection appears to be mediated by Th1-type CD4(+) T cells, as determined by in vitro and in vivo T cell subset deletion. CD40L also promoted migration of CD4(+) T cells into the muscle sites. These studies demonstrate that CD40L can play an important role in protective antigen-specific immunity in a gene-based model system through increased expansion of the CD4(+) Th1 T cell subset in vivo.
Subcellular Localization of Isoleucine-Valine Biosynthetic Enzymes in Yeast (1974)

By using the method of stepwise homogenization of yeast spheroplast lysates employed previously with the leucine biosynthetic enzymes, it is shown that threonine deaminase, acetohydroxy acid synthase, Mg(2+)-dependent isomero-reductase, and dihydroxy acid dehydratase are particulate. Density gradient centrifugation and the behavior of marker enzymes suggest that all of the above enzymes of the isoleucine-valine biosynthetic pathway are associated with the mitochondria.
Deletion of sequences upstream of the proteinase improves the proteolytic processing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (1991)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expresses structural proteins and replicative enzymes within gag and gag-pol precursor polyproteins. Specific proteolytic processing of the precursors by the viral proteinase is essential for maturation of infectious viral particles. We have studied the activity of proteinase in its immature form, as part of a gag-pol fusion protein, in an in vitro expression system. We found that deletion of p6*, the region in pol upstream of proteinase, resulted in improved processing of the precursor. A modified proteinase is released, but it functions less efficiently than wild type. Improved autoprocessing correlates with increased accessibility of the active site region in the polyprotein carrying the p6* deletion. Our results suggest that p6* is involved in the regulation of proteinase activation, perhaps as a region limiting the interaction of the active site and substrate binding domain with the remainder of the polyprotein. Release of p6* inhibition may be an activation step necessary for infectious particle maturation.
Transcriptional Repression and Growth Suppression by the p107 Pocket Protein (1996)

p107 is a member of the pocket family of proteins that includes the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor. Overexpression of p107 arrests cells in G1, suggesting that it is important for cell cycle control. This growth suppression is mediated at least in part through the interaction of p107 with a member of the E2F family of cell cycle transcription factors, and this interaction can be disrupted by oncoproteins from DNA tumor viruses such as adenovirus E1a that bind p107. Not only does the binding of p107 to E2F inactivate E2F, but also we show that when p107 is tethered to the promoter through binding to E2F it functions as a general transcriptional repressor. This general repressor activity was also evident when p107 was fused to the DNA binding domain of Gal4 so that it could be directly targeted to the promoter in an E2F-independent fashion. Using p107 mutants, we compared the regions of the protein required for transcriptional repression and cell growth suppression. We found that the pocket domain is sufficient for inactivation of E2F, general repressor activity, and most of the growth suppressor activity. Binding of conserved region 1 from Ela to p107 blocked interaction with E2F, but it did not affect general repressor activity, demonstrating that binding and inactivation of E2F and general repressor activity are distinguishable properties of p107. Within the pocket, two conserved domains, A and B, were sufficient for growth suppression and transcriptional repressor activity. Surprisingly, we found that these two domains were fully functional when they were coexpressed as separate proteins, and we present results suggesting that the domains may interact at the promoter to form an active pocket.
Structural effects of clinically observed mutations in JAK2 exons 13-15: comparison with V617F and exon 12 mutations (2009)

The results and analysis provide structural bases for mutational mechanisms of JAK2, may advance the understanding of JAK2 auto-regulation, and have the potential to lead to therapeutic approaches. Together with recent mutation profiling results demonstrating the breadth of clinically observed JAK2 mutations, our findings suggest that molecular testing/diagnostics of JAK2 should extend beyond V617F and exon 12 mutations, and perhaps should encompass most of the pseudo-kinase domain-coding region.
Demonstration of Two Independent Dextranase and Amylase Active Sites on a Single Enzyme Elaborated by Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 (2003)

Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 elaborates an enzyme that has both dextranase and amylase activities in a single protein of 100 kDa. Competition studies, using different amounts of dextran and starch as substrates, gave a competition plot consistent with the hypothesis that the hydrolysis of dextran and starch occurs at two independent active sites, each specific for starch and dextran, respectively.
Characterization of Acid‐soluble Collagen from Pacific Whiting Surimi Processing Byproducts (2004)

ABSTRACT: Three different solid byproducts (skin, frame, and refiner discharge) from Pacific whiting surimi manufacturing are a good resource for collagen extraction according to their total protein concentrations and other biochemical properties. Denaturation temperature of acid‐soluble collagens was 23.3°C for refiner discharge, 21.7 °C for skin, and 20.6°C for frame. Based on the functional properties, acid‐soluble collagen from refiner discharge was the best and showed potential as an ingredient in processed food manufacturing.
<title>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a biological modifier</title> (1996)

The capacity of photosensitizers and light to ablate cancerous tissues and unwanted neovasculature constitutes the classical application of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Cell death results from either necrotic or apoptotic processes. The use of photosensitizers and light at doses which do not cause death has been found to affect changes in certain cell populations which profoundly effect their expression of cell surface molecules and secretion of cytokines, thereby altering the functional attributes of the treated cells. Cells of the immune system and the skin may be sensitive to modulation by 'sub-lethal PDT.' Ongoing studies have been conducted to assess, at the molecular level, changes in both lymphocytes and epidermal cells (EC) caused by treatment with low levels of benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A (BPD) (a photosensitizer currently in clinical trials for cancer, psoriasis, endometriosis and age-related macular degeneration) and light. Treatment of skin with BPD and light, at levels which significantly enhanced the length of murine skin allograft acceptance, have been found to down-regulate the expression of Langerhans cell (LC) surface antigen molecules [major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1] and the formation of some cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- (alpha) ).
High-Brightness InGaN Blue, Green and Yellow Light-Emitting Diodes with Quantum Well Structures (1995)

High-brightness blue, green and yellow light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with quantum well structures based on III-V nitrides were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire substrates. The typical green LEDs had a peak wavelength of 525 nm and full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 45 nm. The output power, the external quantum efficiency and the luminous intensity of green LEDs at a forward current of 20 mA were 1 mW, 2.1% and 4 cd, respectively. The luminous intensity of green LEDs (4 cd) was about 40 times higher than that of conventional green GaP LEDs (0.1 cd). Typical yellow LEDs had a peak wavelength of 590 nm and FWHM of 90 nm. The output power of yellow LEDs was 0.5 mW at 20 mA. When the emission wavelength of III-V nitride LEDs with quantum well structures increased from the region of blue to yellow, the output power decreased dramatically.