gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PanDoRA: a large-scale two-way statistical machine translation system for hand-held devices (2007)

The statistical machine translation (SMT) approach has taken a lead place in the field of Machine Translation for its better translation quality and lower cost in training compared to other approaches. However, due to the high demand of computing resources, an SMT system can not be directly run on hand-held devices. Most existing hand-held translation systems are either interlingua-based, which require non-trivial human efforts to write grammar rules, or using the client/server architecture, which are constrained by the availability of wireless connections. In this paper we present PanDoRA, a two-way phrase-based statistical machine translation system for stand-alone hand-held devices. Powered by special designs such as integerized computation and compact data structure, PanDoRA can translate dialogue speech on off-the-shelf PDAs in real time. PanDoRA uses 64K words vocabulary and millions of phrase pairs for each translation directions. To our knowledge, PanDoRA is the first large-scale SMT system with build-in reordering models running on hand-held devices. We have successfully developed several speech-to-speech translation systems using PanDoRA and our experiments show that PanDoRA&amp;apos;s translation quality is comparable to that of the state-of-the-art phrase-based statistical machine translation systems such as Pharaoh and STTK.
Efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of biotinylated human serum albumin–sialoglycoside conjugates containing O-acetylated sialic acids (2007)

Sialyl Tn (STn) and sialyl lactoside derivatives containing O-acetylated sialic acid residues have been chemoenzymatically synthesized using a one-pot three-enzyme system and conjugated to biotinylated human serum albumin (HSA) using an adipic acid para-nitrophenyl ester coupling reagent. This approach provides an efficient and general protocol for preparing carbohydrate-protein conjugates containing base-sensitive groups.
Localization of a lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase gene (lck) at a site of frequent chromosomal abnormalities in human lymphomas. (1986)

The murine lck gene is closely related to a family of cellular protooncogenes and encodes a lymphocyte-specific, membrane-associated protein tyrosine kinase. We and others have demonstrated that the lck gene is rearranged and overexpressed in the murine lymphoma LSTRA, most likely as a result of the insertion of Moloney murine leukemia virus DNA immediately adjacent to the gene. We now report that the lck gene is located at the distal end of murine chromosome 4 and on human chromosome 1 at position 1p32-35 near a site of frequent structural abnormalities in human lymphomas and neuroblastomas. These results raise the possibility that structural alteration of the lck gene through chromosomal rearrangement may contribute to transformation in human malignant disease.
PROPOSAL FOR A CLASSIFICATION OF OOCYTES AND FOLLICLES IN THE MOUSE OVARY (1968)

The need to develop a common terminology to describe the components of the ovary has been felt for some time (Gatz, 1955; Wischnitzer, 1966). A standard nomenclature would greatly facilitate the comparison of results relating to the development of the ovary and follicle growth under normal as well as experimental conditions. Various classifications have been used to describe stages of oocyte and follicle development. Some authors use the shape of the granulosa cells and the number of layers surrounding the oocyte as the main characteristic (Engle, 1927; Mandl &amp; Zuckerman, 1950; Adams &amp; Hertig, 1964; Hadek, 1965). Others take the largest diameter or the volume of the follicles as the distinguishing criterion (Boling, Blandau, Soderwall &amp; Young, 1941; Paesi, 1949), while still others use a combination of the number of cell layers and follicle diameter to describe the stage
Immunopharmacologic bases of immunotherapy. (1985)

Secondary immune deficiency generally involves more profound defects in cellular than humoral immunity. This type of immune deficiency occurs in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), cancer, malnutrition, aging and following immunosuppressive therapy. Immunorestorative therapies were developed for use in the immunotherapy of cancer. Their experimental use in cancer and other diseases such as infections and autoimmunity has demonstrated their safety and their capacity to improve host responses to disease particularly when the host is immunocompromised. Biologicals such as the thymic hormones and interferon have been intensively studied and are briefly reviewed in this paper. Chemically defined drugs such as levamisole, isoprinosine, azimexon, and muramyl dipeptides have also been extensively analyzed and the action of certain purine-related compounds are discussed to exemplify their immunopharmacologic features. The combined uses of biologicals and drugs are suggested to improve the efficiency of immunotherapy.
prediction of wound healing outcome using skin perfusion pressure and transcutaneous oximetry: a single-center experience in 100 patients. (2009)

Chronic lower extremity wounds are challenging and typically occur in patients with complicating conditions such as diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. Noninvasive modalities developed to assess wound healing potential, such as transcutaneous oximetry (TcPO2), present problems including lengthy test time, variable results, and anatomical limitations. Skin perfusion pressure (SPP) testing appears to be a timely, objective, and reliable alternative. This prospective, single center, comparative study evaluated TcPO2 and SPP test results in 100 patients with chronic extremity wounds to determine their accuracy and usefulness in predicting wound healing potential. Concomitant baseline SPP and TcPO2 were measured and used as predictors of successful wound healing. A threshold of < 30 mmHg was selected as the cutoff below which the test was considered significantly abnormal and indicative of a wound that was unlikely to heal. Follow-up evaluations were conducted for 12 months or until healing, whichever occurred first. The study was evenly balanced for gender distribution and the mean age of the population was 63.4 years (range 19-94). Wounds were secondary to underlying diabetic, arterial, or venous conditions. SPP alone successfully predicted wound outcome in 87% of the cohort compared to TcPO2 at a rate of 64% (P < 0.0002). Furthermore, skin perfusion pressure was more sensitive in its ability to predict wound healing relative to TcPO2 (90% versus 66%; P <0.0001). SPP with values ≥ 30 mmHg is a useful positive independent predictor of wound healing potential. The continued use and investigation of SPP as a reliable and objective measurement tool in wound assessment protocols and other microperfusion assessments are recommended.
Infectivity of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum Genotype 2 Isolates in Immunosuppressed Mongolian Gerbils (2005)

One-month-old dexamethasone-immunosuppressed Mongolian gerbils were challenged with 1 oocyst to 2 x 10(5) oocysts from two isolates genotyped as Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum (genotype 2), respectively. A similar dose-dependent gut infection was obtained, and the initial genotype maintained for 21 to 22 days. The data suggest that immunosuppressed gerbils provide a reliable rodent model of persistent C. hominis infection.
Dietary and Serum Phosphorus Regulate Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Expression and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Metabolism in Mice (2005)

Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) is a novel circulating peptide that regulates phosphorus (Pi) and vitamin D metabolism, but the mechanisms by which circulating FGF-23 itself is regulated are unknown. To determine whether the serum FGF-23 concentration is regulated by dietary intake of Pi, we fed wild-type (WT), Npt2a gene-ablated (Npt2a(-/-)), and Hyp mice diets containing varying Pi contents (0.02-1.65%). In WT mice, increases in dietary Pi intake from 0.02-1.65% induced a 7-fold increase in serum FGF-23 and a 3-fold increase in serum Pi concentrations. Across the range of dietary Pi, serum FGF-23 concentrations varied directly with serum Pi concentrations (r(2) = 0.72; P < 0.001). In Npt2a(-/-) mice, serum FGF-23 concentrations were significantly lower than in WT mice, and these differences could be accounted for by the lower serum Pi levels in Npt2a(-/-) mice. The serum concentrations of FGF-23 in Hyp mice were 5- to 25-fold higher than values in WT mice, and the values varied with dietary Pi intake. Fgf-23 mRNA abundance in calvaria was significantly higher in Hyp mice than in WT mice on the 1% Pi diet; in both groups of mice, fgf-23 mRNA abundance in calvarial bone was suppressed by 85% on the low (0.02%) Pi diet. In WT mice fed the low (0.02%) Pi diet, renal mitochondrial 1alpha-hydroxylase activity and renal 1alpha-hydroxylase (P450c1alpha) mRNA abundance were significantly higher than in mice fed the higher Pi diets and varied inversely with serum FGF-23 concentrations (r(2) = 0.86 and r(2) = 0.64; P < 0.001, respectively). The present data demonstrate that dietary Pi regulates the serum FGF-23 concentration in mice, and such regulation is independent of phex function. The data suggest that genotype-dependent and dietary Pi-induced changes in the serum FGF-23 concentration reflect changes in fgf-23 gene expression in bone.
Restriction of Indication for Automated Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy Based on Computed Tomographic Discography (1992)

This report details the authors' early experience using the automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy (APLD) procedure, developed by Onik et al., in 97 patients with a disc protrusion. In the evaluation of a herniated disc, we used computed tomography (CT) discography. According to the distribution of the dye inside the disc, five different disc types can be differentiated. With a follow-up after 3-7 months, the short-term outcomes of the first 40 APLD-treated patients varied, depending on the shape of the protruded nuclear material. Patients with a broad dye base on CT discography had better short-term outcomes than patients with a narrow dye base. In the next 57 patients we treated with APLD, this tendency was confirmed. The success rate of a consecutive group of patients with a disc protrusion with a broad dye base, treated with APLD, was 80%. In comparison, the patients with a disc protrusion with a narrow dye base had an overall success rate of only 53%. The difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). The message of this report is that APLD is a useful invasive treatment for patients with a disc protrusion. The outcome depends, however, on the shape of the protruded nuclear material as shown by CT discography, which makes this examination as a conditio sine qua non before treating patients with a disc protrusion with APLD.
InGaAsP/InP monolithic integrated circuit with lasers and an optical switch (1986)

InGaAs/InP monolithic integrated circuits composed of a compact carrier-injection optical switch and distributed feedback laser diodes are fabricated. These integrated circuits have a variety of functions, such as monolithic modulators, switches and optical amplifiers for optical communication systems.
Application of low density miniaturized dispersive liquid-liquid extraction method for determination of formaldehyde in aqueous samples (water, fruit juice and streptococcus vaccine) by HPLC-UV (2015)

A simple method based on miniaturized dispersive liquid–liquid extraction is reported for extraction and preconcentration of formaldehyde in water samples. Eight milliliters of an aqueous sample containing 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine were added to a 10.0 mL volumetic flask containing 1.0 mL of methanol–butyl acetate (2: 1) mixture. After phase separation the analyte was determined by HPLC-UV. No clean-up or evaporation were required after extraction. Several factors influencing the extraction efficiency, such as the type and volume of organic solvent, type and volume of co-solvent, pH of the sample solution, ionic strength, and extraction time were evaluated and optimized. Under optimal experimental conditions, good linearity was obtained in the range of 1.5 × 10–4–10 µg/mL (r = 0.996), and the limit of detection was 5 × 10–5 µg/mL. The method produced 20-fold enrichment of the formaldehyde. The average recovery of spiked formaldehyde in real samples was in the range of 90–110% with RSD in the range of 3–8%.
Applications of fiber-based phase-sensitive optical low-coherence reflectometer (2003)

We describe a phase sensitive optical low coherence reflectometer using polarization maintaining optical fiber with high lateral, longitudinal and phase resolution for biomedical applications. The system utilizes three sample path configurations (i.e. single beam, lateral beams, and longitudinally delayed channels) and allows investigation of various topics in biomedical research. Applications include measurement of birefringence change, intensity and phase imaging, refractive index measurements, surface analysis, and measurement of solute concentrations.
p110δ, a Novel Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit That Associates with p85 and Is Expressed Predominantly in Leukocytes (1997)

We have identified a novel p110 isoform of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase from human leukocytes that we have termed p110delta. In addition, we have independently isolated p110delta from a mouse embryo library on the basis of its ability to interact with Ha-RasV12 in the yeast two-hybrid system. This unique isoform contains all of the conserved structural features characteristic of the p110 family. Recombinant p110delta phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol and coimmunoprecipitates with p85. However, in contrast to previously described p110 subunits, p110delta is expressed in a tissue-restricted fashion; it is expressed at high levels in lymphocytes and lymphoid tissues and may therefore play a role in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated signaling in the immune system.
Lamellar Bodies of Human Epidermis (2008)

Lamellar bodies (LBs) are tubulovesicular secretory organelles of epithelial cells related to lysosomes. In the epidermis, they play a crucial role in permeability barrier homeostasis, secreting their contents, lipids, a variety of hydrolases, protease inhibitors, and antimicrobial peptides, in the upper keratinocyte layers. The identification of proteins transported in epidermal LBs is still far from complete, and the way their secretion is controlled unknown. In this study, we describe the first proteomics characterization by nano-LC-MS/MS of a fraction enriched in epidermal LBs. We identified 984 proteins, including proteins known or thought to be secreted by LBs. Moreover 31 proteins corresponded to lysosomal components further suggesting that LBs are a new class of secretory lysosomes. Many of the newly found proteins could play a role in the epidermal barrier and desquamation (one acid ceramidase-like protein, apolipoproteins, glycosidases, protease inhibitors, and peptidases) and in LB trafficking (e.g. Rab, Arf, and motor complex proteins). We focus here on CLIP-170/restin, a protein that mediates interactions between organelles and microtubules. Western blotting confirmed the presence of CLIP-170 and its known effectors IQGAP1 and Cdc42 in the LB-enriched fraction. We showed, by confocal microscopy analysis of skin cryosections, that CLIP-170 was expressed in differentiated keratinocytes, first at the periphery of the nucleus then with a granular cytoplasmic labeling evocative of LBs. It was preferentially co-localized with Cdc42 and with the known LB protein cathepsin D. CLIP-170 was also largely co-localized with Rab7. This study strongly suggests a new function for CLIP-170, its involvement together with Cdc42 and/or Rab7 in the intracellular trafficking of LBs, and provides evidence that nano-LC-MS/MS combined with monodimensional electrophoresis separation constitutes a powerful method for identifying proteins in a complex mixture such as subcellular structures.
Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Agents (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNon-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory AgentsT. Y. Shen, T. B. Windholz, A. Rosegay, B. E. Witzel, A. N. Wilson, J. D. Willett, W. J. Holtz, R. L. Ellis, A. R. Matzuk, S. Lucas, C. H. Stammer, F. W. Holly, L. H. Sarett, E. A. Risley, G. W. Nuss, and C. A. WinterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 4, 488–489Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00887a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00887a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views637Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neural Machine Translation in Linear Time (2016)

We present a novel neural network for processing sequences. The ByteNet is a one-dimensional convolutional neural network that is composed of two parts, one to encode the source sequence and the other to decode the target sequence. The two network parts are connected by stacking the decoder on top of the encoder and preserving the temporal resolution of the sequences. To address the differing lengths of the source and the target, we introduce an efficient mechanism by which the decoder is dynamically unfolded over the representation of the encoder. The ByteNet uses dilation in the convolutional layers to increase its receptive field. The resulting network has two core properties: it runs in time that is linear in the length of the sequences and it sidesteps the need for excessive memorization. The ByteNet decoder attains state-of-the-art performance on character-level language modelling and outperforms the previous best results obtained with recurrent networks. The ByteNet also achieves state-of-the-art performance on character-to-character machine translation on the English-to-German WMT translation task, surpassing comparable neural translation models that are based on recurrent networks with attentional pooling and run in quadratic time. We find that the latent alignment structure contained in the representations reflects the expected alignment between the tokens.
FAK alters invadopodia and focal adhesion composition and dynamics to regulate breast cancer invasion (2009)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is important for breast cancer progression and invasion and is necessary for the dynamic turnover of focal adhesions. However, it has not been determined whether FAK also regulates the dynamics of invasive adhesions formed in cancer cells known as invadopodia. In this study, we report that endogenous FAK functions upstream of cellular Src (c-Src) as a negative regulator of invadopodia formation and dynamics in breast cancer cells. We show that depletion of FAK induces the formation of active invadopodia but impairs invasive cell migration. FAK-deficient MTLn3 breast cancer cells display enhanced assembly and dynamics of invadopodia that are rescued by expression of wild-type FAK but not by FAK that cannot be phosphorylated at tyrosine 397. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that FAK depletion switches phosphotyrosine-containing proteins from focal adhesions to invadopodia through the temporal and spatial regulation of c-Src activity. Collectively, our findings provide novel insight into the interplay between FAK and Src to promote invasion.
59.3: Integrated Optical Touch Panel in a 14.1″ AMLCD (2004)

Abstract The first XGA AMLCD (14.1″) incorporating integrated high‐resolution touch capability by optical means is demonstrated. The optical a‐Si sensor array (256×192) embedded in the TFT backplane operates with either shadow of touch from the ambient light, or with external light sources. The integration of the complete system with algorithms, optical means, its unique properties and potential applications will be discussed.
Variation across Speech and Writing (1988)

Similarities and differences between speech and writing have been the subject of innumerable studies, but until now there has been no attempt to provide a unified linguistic analysis of the whole range of spoken and written registers in English. In this widely acclaimed empirical study, Douglas Biber uses computational techniques to analyse the linguistic characteristics of twenty three spoken and written genres, enabling identification of the basic, underlying dimensions of variation in English. In Variation Across Speech and Writing, six dimensions of variation are identified through a factor analysis, on the basis of linguistic co-occurence patterns. The resulting model of variation provides for the description of the distinctive linguistic characteristics of any spoken or written text andd emonstrates the ways in which the polarization of speech and writing has been misleading, and thus enables reconciliation of the contradictory conclusions reached in previous research.
THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PROSTATE CANCER (2004)

Emerging hints that prostate inflammation may contribute to prostatic carcinogenesis will provide opportunities for the discovery and development of new drugs and strategies for prostate cancer prevention.
Genomewide transcriptional changes associated with genetic alterations and nutritional supplementation affecting tryptophan metabolism in Bacillus subtilis (2003)

DNA microarrays comprising approximately 95% of the Bacillus subtilis annotated protein coding ORFs were deployed to generate a series of snapshots of genomewide transcriptional changes that occur when cells are grown under various conditions that are expected to increase or decrease transcription of the trp operon segment of the aromatic supraoperon. Comparisons of global expression patterns were made between cells grown in the presence of indole acrylic acid, a specific inhibitor of tRNA(Trp) charging; cells deficient in expression of the mtrB gene, which encodes the tryptophan-activated negative regulatory protein, TRAP; WT cells grown in the presence or absence of two or three of the aromatic amino acids; and cells harboring a tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase mutation conferring temperature-sensitive tryptophan-dependent growth. Our findings validate expected responses of the tryptophan biosynthetic genes and presumed regulatory interrelationships between genes in the different aromatic amino acid pathways and the histidine biosynthetic pathway. Using a combination of supervised and unsupervised statistical methods we identified approximately 100 genes whose expression profiles were closely correlated with those of the genes in the trp operon. This finding suggests that expression of these genes is influenced directly or indirectly by regulatory events that affect or are a consequence of altered tryptophan metabolism.