gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pomalidomide and lenalidomide regulate erythropoiesis and fetal hemoglobin production in human CD34+ cells (2008)

Sickle-cell disease (SCD) and beta thalassemia constitute worldwide public health problems. New therapies, including hydroxyurea, have attempted to augment the synthesis of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and improve current treatment. Lenalidomide and pomalidomide are members of a class of immunomodulators used as anticancer agents. Because clinical trials have demonstrated that lenalidomide reduces or eliminates the need for transfusions in some patients with disrupted blood cell production, we investigated the effects of lenalidomide and pomalidomide on erythropoiesis and hemoglobin synthesis. We used an in vitro erythropoiesis model derived from human CD34+ progenitor cells from normal and SCD donors. We found that both compounds slowed erythroid maturation, increased proliferation of immature erythroid cells, and regulated hemoglobin transcription, resulting in potent induction of HbF without the cytotoxicity associated with other HbF inducers. When combined with hydroxyurea, pomalidomide and, to a lesser extent, lenalidomide were found to have synergistic effects on HbF upregulation. Our results elucidate what we believe to be a new mechanism of action of pomalidomide and lenalidomide and support the hypothesis that pomalidomide, used alone or in combination with hydroxyurea, may improve erythropoiesis and increase the ratio of fetal to adult hemoglobin. These findings support the evaluation of pomalidomide as an innovative new therapy for beta-hemoglobinopathies.
High dislocation densities in high efficiency GaN-based light-emitting diodes (1995)

The electrical, optical, and structural properties of light emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated from the III–V nitride material system have been studied. LEDs with external quantum efficiencies as high as 4% were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and found to contain dislocation densities in excess of 2×1010 cm−2. A comparison to other III–V arsenide and phosphide LEDs shows that minority carries in GaN-based LEDs are remarkably insensitive to the presence of structural defects. Dislocations do not act as efficient nonradiative recombination sites in nitride materials. It is hypothesized that the benign character of dislocations arises from the ionic nature of bonding in the III–V nitrides.
Internet traffic engineering by optimizing OSPF weights (2002)

Open shortest path first (OSPF) is the most commonly used intra-domain Internet routing protocol. Traffic flow is routed along shortest paths, splitting flow at nodes where several outgoing links are on shortest paths to the destination. The weights of the links, and thereby the shortest path routes, can be changed by the network operator. The weights could be set proportional to their physical distances, but often the main goal is to avoid congestion, i.e., overloading of links, and the standard heuristic recommended by Cisco is to make the weight of a link inversely proportional to its capacity. Our starting point was a proposed AT&T WorldNet backbone with demands projected from previous measurements. The desire was to optimize the weight setting based on the projected demands. We showed that optimizing the weight settings for a given set of demands is NP-hard, so we resorted to a local search heuristic. Surprisingly it turned out that for the proposed AT&T WorldNet backbone, we found weight settings that performed within a few percent from that of the optimal general routing where the flow for each demand is optimally distributed over all paths between source and destination. This contrasts the common belief that OSPF routing leads to congestion and it shows that for the network and demand matrix studied we cannot get a substantially better load balancing by switching to the proposed more flexible multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) technologies. Our techniques were also tested on synthetic internetworks, based on a model of Zegura et al., (1996), for which we did not always get quite as close to the optimal general routing.
Characteristics of Oxy-fuel Combustion in an Oxygen Transport Reactor (2012)

This study aims at investigating the characteristics of oxy-fuel combustion in an oxygen transport reactor (OTR). The cylindrical reactor walls are made of dense, nonporous, mixed-conducting ceramic membranes that only allow for oxygen permeation from the outside air into the combustion chamber. The oxygen permeate mixes with a mixture of CO2 and CH4 (sweep gas) that enters the reactor, resulting in combustion products composed of H2O and CO2. The modeling of the flow process considers a numerical solution of the conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, and species in the axi-symmetric flow domain. The oxygen permeation across the membrane depends upon the prevailing temperatures and the oxygen partial pressure at both sides of the membrane. The simulations are performed for different compositions of CH4/CO2 mixtures and different mass flow rates. First, the comparison between the reactive and separation-only OTR units showed that combining reaction and separation increases the O2 permeation rate significantly to about 2.5 times under the assumptions given herein. Second, a mass flow rate of 1.625 × 10–7 kg/s with a CH4/CO2 mass ratio ranging from 0.5:0.5 to 1.0:0 gives an almost uniform axial temperature of about 1250 K in most of the reactor length with a high CH4 conversion of 75 to 35%, respectively. In all of the simulations, the total O2 permeation flux is almost the same, except for 1.625 × 10–7 kg/s with a CH4/CO2 mass ratio less than 0.3:0.7. The results indicate that the heat of reaction is mostly transferred to the air side with a portion used to heat the O2-permeating flux. For higher mass flow rates, the OTR operates with a rich mixture, resulting in low CH4 conversion. The combustion process in such cases can be improved by splitting the OTR into a series of units, where the fuel is added at stages along the reactor network.
In vivo response to biodegradable controlled antibiotic release systems (2001)

In this study, the major goal was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo findings by macroscopy, radiology, and histology to determine the effectiveness of therapy of experimental implant-related osteomyelitis with antibiotic carrier rods constructed of microbial polyesters. The polymers used were poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3-HB-co-4-HB)] and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy- valerate) [P(3-HB-co-3-HV)]. Both the Sulperazone and the Duocid-P(3-HB-co-4-HB) rods with a drug to polymer ratio of 1:1 (w/w) were effective in treating the bone infection that was experimentally initiated by inoculation of a hemolytic strain of Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase positive; phage type 52/52b) together with metal implants into the medullary area of rabbit tibia. Macroscopical data revealed that the effectiveness of therapy was apparent at week 6 for all categories tested. Radiological findings with Duocid- and Sulperazone-loaded P(3-HB-co-4-HB) rods improved significantly when judged by changes in periosteal elevation, widening of bone shaft, new bone formation, and soft-tissue deformation after 6 weeks of implantation. Histologically the signs of infection were found to subside by weeks 3 and 6. Inflammatory cells were replaced with bone-forming cells upon treatment with Sulperazone-P(3-HB-co-4-HB) and Duocid-P(3-HB-co-4-HB). Osteoblastic activity was prominent. Intramedullary inflammation, although still present, started to be replaced by fibrous or bony tissue. Histological findings presented the subsidence of infection. In summary, the antibiotic-loaded biopolymeric rods appeared to have potential as a new controlled-release system for the treatment of implant related osteomyelitis and chronic osteomyelitis.
Cardiac Glycosides as Novel Cancer Therapeutic Agents (2008)

The class of steroid-like compounds designated cardiac glycosides includes well-known drugs such as digoxin, digitoxin, and ouabain. Their continued efficacy in treatment of congestive heart failure and as anti-arrhythmic agents is well appreciated. Less well known, however, is the emerging role of this category of compounds in the prevention and/or treatment of proliferative diseases such as cancer. New findings within the past five years have revealed these compounds to be involved in complex cell-signal transduction mechanisms, resulting in selective control of human tumor but not normal cellular proliferation. As such, they represent a promising form of targeted cancer chemotherapy. New clinical studies of their anticancer potential as single or adjuvant treatments may provide insight into these potentially valuable therapeutic options. This review focuses on recent findings on cellular pharmacology of cardiac glycosides as they relate to treatment of human cancer and attempts to explain why these agents have been overlooked in the past.
Topiramate-treated cluster headache (1999)

Topiramate treatment was associated with rapid improvement in 10 cluster headache patients. Cluster remission occurred in 1–3 weeks in 9 patients, and cluster period duration was reduced in all. The mechanism for this response may be related to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) augmentation. However, further investigations are necessary to understand the significance of topiramate in treating cluster headache.

The use of anticonvulsant medications in chronic pain management is not new. Anticonvulsants have several uses outside of the epilepsies, and there has been resurgence in their use for chronic pain. This particularly applies to such recently approved anticonvulsants as gabapentin, lamotrigine, and topiramate. Factors that contribute to this trend in anticonvulsant use include ease of use, favorable pharmacokinetic and side effect profiles, multiple potential mechanisms of action, and the intractable nature of chronic pain.

Cluster headache is an uncommon, benign, primary headache disorder characterized by severe, short duration, unilateral, orbital-temporal pain; ipsilateral autonomic dysfunction; and chronobiological disturbances.1 Although treatment is usually successful, some patients have intractable pain. Valproate has shown efficacy in cluster headache, and a role for GABA augmentation has been suggested.2-4 Because topiramate appears to augment GABA,5-7 we hypothesized that it may be efficacious in cluster headache. We report the clinical findings in 10 cluster headache patients whose conditions improved when they took topiramate. Two patients had chronic cluster headache unremitting from onset (Patients 1 and 2), seven …
Significance of urinary type IV collagen in patients with diabetic nephropathy using a highly sensitive one‐step sandwich enzyme immunoassay (1997)

Urinary concentrations of type IV collagen in patients with diabetic nephropathy were measured by a highly sensitive, one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Samples from 298 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 80 healthy controls were examined. In diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria or renal insufficiency, the concentrations of urinary type IV collagen were significantly higher than those of diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria or healthy controls (P < 0.001). Urinary type IV collagen concentration in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria was significantly higher than that in diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria or that in healthy controls (P < 0.001). In contrast, there were no significant changes in the concentration of serum type IV collagen between microalbuminuric patients and normoalbuminuric patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROD) curve for the urinary type IV collagen concentration was equivalent to that of urinary albumin. It was concluded that urinary type IV collagen concentration determined using this method might be a useful marker for the early detection of diabetic nephropathy. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 11:110–116. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Distribution and Expression of BAMBI in Breast Cancer Cell Lines (2015)

Bmp and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) was initially described as a pseudo receptor antagonizing TGF- receptor activation, thus impairing signaling. This study tries to find the expression and its significance of BAMBI in breast cancer and explore the relation between BAMBI and clinical and pathological factors of breast cancer. The expression of BAMBI was studied using three cell lines model and Immunofluorescence staining. The impact of BAMBI expression on breast cell was estimated by Western blot and Semi-quantitative RT-PCR. It was demonstrated that BAMBI protein expressed mainly in the membrane and the cytoplasm close to the membrane in breast cancer cell lines, and the relationship between the expression of BAMBI and the proliferation and migration of breast cancer for the first time. The order of BAMBI mRNA expression in the three breast cancer lines is MDA-MB-435s > MDA-MB-231 > MCF-7. Respectively the difference was significant (P < 0.05). It agrees with the proliferation and migration of the three cell lines. The relative amount of BAMBI protein in MDA-MB-435s, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 was 0.963 0.061, 0.957 0.048, 0.769 0.103, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The abnormally upregulation of BAMBI is related to breast carcinogenesis.
Solution Structure of an LNA Hybridized to DNA:  NMR Study of the d(CTLGCTLTLCTLGC):d(GCAGAAGCAG) Duplex Containing Four Locked Nucleotides (2000)

We have used two-dimensional (1)H NMR spectroscopy at 750 MHz to determine a high-resolution solution structure of an oligonucleotide containing restricted nucleotides with a 2'-O, 4'-C-methylene bridge (LNA) hybridized to the complementary DNA strand. The LNA:DNA duplex examined contained four thymidine LNA modifications (T(L), d(C1T(L)2G3C4T(L)5T(L)6C7T(L)8G9C10):d( G11C12A13G14A15A16G17C 18A19G20). A total relaxation matrix approach was used to obtain interproton distance bounds from NOESY cross-peak intensities. These distance bounds were used as restraints in molecular dynamics (rMD) calculations. Forty final structures were generated for the duplex from A-form and B-form DNA starting structures. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of the coordinates for the 40 structures of the complex was 0.6 A. The sugar puckerings are averaged values of a dynamic interchange between N- and S-type conformation except in case of the locked nucleotides that were found to be fixed in the C3'-endo conformation. Among the other nucleotides in the modified strand, the furanose ring of C7 and G9 is predominantly in the N-type conformation whereas that of G3 is in a mixed conformation. The furanose rings of the nucleotides in the unmodified complementary strand are almost exclusively in the S-type conformation. Due to these different conformations of the sugars in the two strands, there is a structural strain between the A-type modified strand and the B-type unmodified complementary strand. This strain is relaxed by decreasing the value of rise and compensating with tip, buckle, and propeller twist. The values of twist vary along the strand but for a majority of the base pairs a value even lower than that of A-DNA is observed. The average twist over the sequence is 32+/-1 degrees. On the basis of the structure, we conclude that the high stability of LNA:DNA duplexes is caused by a local change of the phosphate backbone geometry that favors a higher degree of stacking.
Role of Cytoskeletal Elements in the Recruitment of Cx43-GFP and Cx26-YFP into Gap Junctions (2001)

Cytoskeletal elements may be important in connexin transport to the cell surface, cell surface gap junction plaque formation and/or gap junction internalization. In this study, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching was used to examine the role of microfilaments and microtubules in the recruitment and coalescence of green fluorescent protein-tagged Cx43 (Cx43-GFP) or yellow fluorescent tagged-Cx26 (Cx26-YFP) into gap junctions in NRK cells. In untreated cells, both Cx26-YFP and Cx43-GFP were recruited into gap junctions within photobleached areas of cell-cell contact within 2 hrs. However, disruption of microfilaments with cytochalasin B inhibited the recruitment and assembly of both Cx26-YFP and Cx43-GFP into gap junctions within photobleached areas. Surprisingly, disruption of microtubules with nocodazole inhibited the recruitment of Cx43-GFP into gap junctions but had limited effect on the transport and clustering of Cx26-YFP into gap junctions within the photobleached regions of cell-cell contact. These results suggest that the recruitment of Cx43-GFP and Cx26-YFP to the cell surface or their lateral clustering into gap junctions plaques is dependent in part on the presence of intact actin microfilaments while Cx43-GFP was more dependent on intact microtubules than Cx26-YFP.
Novel Broad-Spectrum Anthelmintics. Tetramisole1 and Related Derivatives of 6-Arylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel Broad-Spectrum Anthelmintics. Tetramisole1 and Related Derivatives of 6-Arylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazoleAlfons H. M. Raeymaekers, Fernand T. N. Allewijn, Jan Vandenberk, Paul J. A. Demoen, Theo T. T. Van Offenwert, and Paul A. J. JanssenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1966, 9, 4, 545–551Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00322a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00322a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views544Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activity‐Based Protein Profiling (ABPP) and Click Chemistry (CC)–ABPP by MudPIT Mass Spectrometry (2009)

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a chemical proteomic method for functional interrogation of enzymes within complex proteomes. This Unit presents a protocol for in vitro and in vivo labeling using ABPP and Click Chemistry (CC)-ABPP probes for in-depth profiling using the Multi-dimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) analysis platform.
Some Effects of Orthovanadate on Smooth Muscle Cells of Guinea-Pig Taenia caeci (1985)

The effect of orthovanadate on the response caused by the beta-adrenergic receptor agonist isoprenaline and on the ATP response were investigated by measuring potential changes and changes in the contractile state of smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig taenia caeci at 35 degrees C using the sucrose-gap method. The contraction evoked by carbachol (10(-7) M) or potassium (15 mM) was not modified by orthovanadate (1.0 mM). The hyperpolarization evoked in smooth muscle cells by ATP (0.4 mM) was affected to some extent by orthovanadate (1.0 mM), but was not modified in the absence of extracellular calcium. The hyperpolarization caused by isoprenaline (3 X 10(-6) M), however, was inhibited completely both in the presence and absence of calcium. These results are consistent with the view that isoprenaline activates calcium extrusion from the smooth muscle cells, a process being electrogenic in nature.
Realistic models of paracrystalline silicon (2001)

We present a procedure for the preparation of physically realistic models of paracrystalline silicon based on a modification of the bond-switching method of Wooten, Winer, and Weaire. The models contain randomly oriented $c\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Si}$ grains embedded in a disordered matrix. Our technique creates interfaces between the crystalline and disordered phases of Si with an extremely low concentration of coordination defects. The resulting models possess structural and vibrational properties comparable with those of good continuous random network models of amorphous silicon and display realistic optical properties, correctly reproducing the electronic band gap of amorphous silicon. The largest of our models also shows the best agreement of any atomistic model structure that we tested with fluctuation microscopy experiments, indicating that this model has a degree of medium-range order closest to that of the real material.
Funding policies that affect children: What every early interventionist should know (1994)

Early intervention services are funded through a myriad of federal, state, and local public and private resources. Increased knowledge about the many different funding streams for children who have disabilities, for children who are disadvantaged, and for their families is crucial. Three case studies portray how funding streams can be translated into coordinated services for children and families. Specific strategies to access resources and streamline funding include better service coordination, public awareness, a unified planning process, creativity, and increased interagency planning at the federal, state, and community levels
Liquid-phase binding assay of human chorionic gonadotropin using high-performance liquid chromatography (1993)

A new enzyme immunoassay technique (LBA: liquid-phase binding assay) to examine the characteristics of liquid-phase antigen-antibody reactions is described. Antigen (human chorionic gonadotropin: hCG) and peroxidase (POD)-labeled anti-hCG monoclonal antibody (Fab'-POD) solutions were mixed, incubated, and analyzed directly by gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn enzyme activity measurement. Using the system, bound (hCG-Fab'-POD) and free (Fab'-POD) forms of enzyme-labeled antibody were separated by their molecular mass difference, and the POD activity of the conjugate was determined fluorophotometrically. All analytes became bound upon addition of excess Fab'-POD, because reaction conditions in a liquid phase could be easily altered. Thus, hCG molecule could be measured via the activity of one POD molecule. And the liquid-phase antibody reaction was very fast and quantitative. On the basis of this stoichiometric relationship, equilibrium and rate constants, optimum pH, and temperature effects were easily examined. The method is simple and convenient for examination of the antigen-antibody reaction and is applicable for antigen assays requiring an accurate definition of concentrations.
Comparison of Conjunctival Autografts, Amniotic Membrane Grafts, and Primary Closure for Pterygium Excision (1997)

The relatively low recurrence rate for primary pterygia allows one to use amniotic membrane transplantation as an alternative first choice, especially for advanced cases with bilateral heads or those who might need glaucoma surgery later.