gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis ofNor-Nonactinic Acid Derivatives—Kinetic Reaction Control in the Lewis Acid Mediated Domino Reaction of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Dianions with 1-Bromo-2,3-epoxypropanes (2001)

Reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl dianions with epibromohydrin derivatives results in formation of functionalized 2-alkylidene-5-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofurans. These reactions proceed by chemoselective attack of the dianion onto the carbon attached to the bromine atom and subsequent nucleophilic attack of the resultant monoanion onto the epoxide. The cyclization products, which were formed with very good regio- and stereoselectivities, are of pharmacological relevance and represent versatile building blocks for the synthesis of natural products.
Step Changes and Deactivation Behavior in the Continuous Decarboxylation of Stearic Acid (2011)

Deoxygenation of dilute and concentrated stearic acid over 2% Pd/C beads was performed in a continuous reactor at 300 °C and 20 bar pressure of Ar or 5% H2/Ar. Stable operation was obtained in 5% H2 atmosphere, with 95% conversion of 10 mol % dilute stearic acid in dodecane and 12% conversion of pure stearic acid. Deactivation took place in H2-deficient gas atmosphere, probably as a result of the formation of unsaturated products and coking in the pore system. Transient experiments with step changes were performed: 1 h was required for the step change to be visible in liquid sampling, whereas steady states were achieved after a total of 2.5–3 h. Postreaction analysis of the spent catalyst revealed that a deactivation profile was formed downward over the catalyst bed.
A Novel Tree-Based Scheduling Algorithm For The Downlink Of Multi-User MIMO Systems With ZF Beamforming (2006)

Spatial multiplexing in the downlink of wireless multiple antenna communications promises high gains in system throughput. However, spatially correlated users and a limited number of antennas at the base station motivates the need for a scheduling algorithm which efficiently arranges users into groups to be served in different time or frequency slots. In this paper we propose a novel tree-based scheduling algorithm which successfully solves this problem achieving a close to optimum grouping strategy. The algorithm has been tested with zero forcing beamforming techniques and is based on a new metric for the user performance considering the effect of other users present in the same group analyzing their spatial features.
Formation of Polymer Microstructures by Selective Deposition of Polyion Multilayers Using Patterned Self-Assembled Monolayers as a Template (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of Polymer Microstructures by Selective Deposition of Polyion Multilayers Using Patterned Self-Assembled Monolayers as a TemplatePaula T. Hammond and George M. WhitesidesCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 22, 7569–7571Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00126a040Request reuse permissionsArticle Views731Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tumor Targeting of MMP-2/9 Activatable Cell-Penetrating Imaging Probes Is Caused by Tumor-Independent Activation (2011)

This study demonstrates that the tumor targeting of radiolabeled MMP-2/9 ACPPs is most likely caused by the activation in the vascular compartment rather than tumor-specific activation, as suggested earlier. The results in the present paper indicate that different and more tissue-specific enzyme-ACPP combinations are needed to unleash the full potential of the elegant ACPP concept in living animals.
Calibration of wrist-mounted robotic sensors by solving homogeneous transform equations of the form AX=XB (1989)

To use a wrist-mounted sensor (such as a camera) for a robot task, the position and orientation of the sensor with respect to the robot wrist frame must be known. The sensor mounting position can be found by moving the robot and observing the resulting motion of the sensor. This yields a homogeneous transform equation of the form AX=XB, where A is the change in the robot wrist position, B is the resulting sensor displacement, and X is the sensor position relative to the robot wrist. The solution to an equation of this form has one degree of rotational freedom and one degree of translation freedom if the angle of rotation of A is neither 0 nor pi radians. To solve for X uniquely, it is necessary to make two arm movements and form a system of two equations of the form: A/sub 1/X=XB/sub 1/ and A/sub 2/X=XB/sub 2/. A closed-form solution to this system of equations is developed and the necessary conditions for uniqueness are stated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
2-Cyclopropylindoloquinones and Their Analogues as Bioreductively Activated Antitumor Agents:  Structure−Activity in Vitro and Efficacy in Vivo (1997)

A series of 2-cycloalkyl- and 2-alkyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methylindoloquinones and corresponding carbamates have been synthesized and substituted in the 5-position with a variety of substituted and unsubstituted aziridines. Cytotoxicity against hypoxic cells in vitro was dependent upon the presence of a 5-aziridinyl or a substituted aziridinyl substituent for 3-hydroxymethyl analogues. The activity of 5-methoxy derivatives was dependent upon the presence of a 3-(carbamoyloxy)methyl substituent. Increasing the steric bulk at the 2-position reduced the compounds' effectiveness against hypoxic cells. A 2-cyclopropyl substituent was up to 2 orders of magnitude more effective than a 2-isopropyl substituent, suggesting possible radical ring-opening reactions contributing to toxicity. Nonfused 2-cyclopropylmitosenes were more effective than related fused cyclopropamitosenes reported previously. The reduction potentials of the quinone/semiquinone one-electron couples were in the range -286 to -380 mV. The semiquinone radicals reacted with oxygen with rate constants 2-8 x 10(8) dm3 mol-1 s-1. The involvement of the two-electron reduced hydroquinone in the mediation of cytotoxicity is implicated. The most effective compounds in vitro were the 2-cyclopropyl and 5-(2-methylaziridinyl) derivatives, and of these, 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2-cyclopropyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methylindole-4 ,7-dione (21) and 3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(2-methylaziridin-1-yl)-1,2-dimethylindole+ ++-4,7-dione (54) were evaluated in vivo. Both compounds showed antitumor activity both as single agents and in combination with radiation, with some substantial improvements over EO9 (3) at maximum tolerated doses and as single agents against the RIF-1 tumor model and comparable efficacy in the KHT tumor model.
Rapid Competitive PCR Using Melting Curve Analysis for DNA Quantification (2001)

A rapid competitive PCR method was developed to quantify DNA on the LightCycler. It rests on the quantitative information contained in the melting curves obtained after amplification in the presence of SYBR Green I. Specific hybridization probes are not required. Heterologous internal standards sharing the same primer binding sites and having different melting temperatures to the natural PCR products were used as competitors. After a co-amplification of known amounts of the competitor with a DNA-containing sample, the target DNA can be quantified from the ratio of the melting peak areas of competitor and target products. The method was developed using 16S rDNA fragments from Streptococcus mutans and E. coli and tested against existing PCR-based DNA quantification procedures. While kinetic analysis of real-time PCR is well established for the quantification of pure nucleic acids, competitive PCR on the LightCycler based on an internal standardization was found to represent a rapid and sensitive alternative DNA quantification method for analysis of complex biological samples that may contain PCR inhibitors.
Neuronal and Glial Gene Expression in Neocortex of Downʼs Syndrome and Alzheimerʼs Disease (1993)

The association cortex of Down's syndrome (DS) predictably and prematurely undergoes neurofibrillary degeneration of Alzheimer type. Hence studies of DS are potentially useful in defining the earliest pathogenetic events in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous reports have described altered expression of several mRNAs in AD cortex; but the pathogenetic stage at which expression of these mRNAs begins to deviate from the norm has not been defined. We have examined this issue in neocortex of DS. Expression of mRNAs, known to be altered in AD cortex, was studied by Northern analysis, comparing frontal cortex of DS (15-45 years) with age-matched controls and with AD. Chromosome 21- and non-21-encoded mRNAs were studied, including transcripts expressed preferentially in neurons (neurofilament light subunit and amyloid precursor transcripts) and in glia (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] and S100 beta). Chromosome 21-encoded mRNAs were increased in DS cortex as expected. Except in the DS case with extensive neurofibrillary degeneration, GFAP was expressed at levels significantly below the control, suggesting that trisomy 21 exerts a suppressive effect on GFAP gene expression. We found no instance in which AD-type changes of transcript expression preceded the appearance of neurofibrillary degeneration. The findings indicate that in trisomy 21, certain changes of mRNA prevalence previously described for AD neocortex are not a necessary antecedent to neurofibrillary degeneration.
ActA is a dimer (1997)

ActA, a surface protein of Listeria monocytogenes, is able to induce continuous actin polymerization at the rear of the bacterium, in the cytosol of the infected cells. Its N-terminal domain is sufficient to induce actin tail formation and movement. Here, we demonstrate, using the yeast two-hybrid system, that the N-terminal domain of ActA may form homodimers. By using chemical cross-linking to explore the possibility that ActA could be a multimer on the surface of the bacteria, we show that ActA is a dimer. Cross-linking experiments on various L. monocytogenes strains expressing different ActA variants demonstrated that the region spanning amino acids 97-126, and previously identified as critical for actin tail formation, is also critical for dimer formation. A model of actin polymerization by L. monocytogenes, involving the ActA dimer, is presented.
Achromatic holographic configuration for 100-nm-period lithography (1992)

For the fabrication of large-area, spatially coherent gratings with periods of 100 nm or less, a grating interferometer is preferred over a conventional holographic configuration because of the limited coherence of available sources. Using a configuration that employs two matched fused silica phase gratings and an ArF excimer laser, we obtain high-quality 100-nm gratings in polymethyl methacrylate. We analyze the conditions for achieving high-contrast fringes with such an achromatic holographic configuration and show that the depth of focus depends only on the spatial coherence of the source. We also describe a highly accurate method for calculating the diffraction efficiency of the phase gratings as a function of polarization, incidence angle, and grating structure.
Stimulation of a human T-cell clone with anti-CD3 or tumor necrosis factor induces NF-kappa B translocation but not human immunodeficiency virus 1 enhancer-dependent transcription. (1990)

The expression of transiently transfected expression vectors under the control of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or its enhancer sequence and the translocation of the HIV enhancer-binding protein NF-kappa B were analyzed in two human T-cell clones stimulated through their T-cell receptor complex or by tumor necrosis factor or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. We found a dissociation of NF-kappa B translocation from transactivation of either the HIV LTR or the HIV enhancer. Interleukin 2 induced proliferation but not NF-kappa B translocation or LTR transactivation. Phorbol ester or specific antigen recognition induced HIV LTR transactivation, whereas stimulation with tumor necrosis factor or antibody to CD3 did not. The two latter signals were nevertheless able to induce NF-kappa B translocation with a pattern in the band-shift assay indistinguishable from that observed using phorbol ester. Our finding that induction of NF-kappa B by tumor necrosis factor or antibody to CD3 is not sufficient to induce HIV enhancer-dependent transcription in cloned T cells contrasts with results obtained in most lymphoblastoid T-cell lines and indicates that normal T lymphocytes differ from tumoral T cells in terms of requirements for HIV LTR activation. Furthermore, our results suggest that events linked to T-cell activation, in addition to NF-kappa B translocation per se, induce functional interactions of the NF-kappa B complex with the HIV enhancer.
Hydrogen-bonded molecular capsules are stable in polar media (2001)

Robust, very large hydrogen-bonded capsules which are even stable in 50:50 water-acetone mixtures have been characterized both in solution and in the solid state.
The Computer Control of Multiple-Bus Switchers (1976)

Previous papers have described the control of single output television switchers, commonly used for transmitter booth operation, by means of a computer. Recent designs have included numerous systems, both radio and television, in which a number of busses are controlled by one computer. The increased data load, the sharing of switcher input equipment such as tape and film machines, and the requirements for emergency manual control all affect the system design. A standard software package has been adopted for both radio and television service, and the hardware is based on a modular approach permitting easy alteration to suit the requirements of individual stations.
Bicyclic Guanidinium Tetraphenylborate: A Photobase Generator and A Photocatalyst for Living Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization and Cross-Linking of Polymeric Materials Containing Ester and Hydroxy Groups (2008)

1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) with pKa of 26.03 in acetonitrile can be effectively released by photolysis of TBD.HBPh4 salt, which represents a new family of short-wave UV photobase generators. This photobase generator enables the photoinduced living ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and the photoinduced cross-linking of various polymeric materials containing the hydroxyl-ester groups.
Detection of epithelial- and neural type of intermediate filament proteins in human lung tumors. (1987)

Five different types of lung cancers, i.e. squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, small cell lung carcinomas, carcinoids and adenoid cystic carcinomas were examined for their intermediate filament constituents, with special emphasis on the different cytokeratin polypeptides and neurofilament proteins. Polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies to these proteins were used in immunocytochemical techniques applied to both tumor frozen sections and paraffin sections. Squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas could be shown to contain cytokeratins, which could be detected in both frozen sections and paraffin sections. Also small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and carcinoid lung tumors showed a positive staining reaction with polyclonal and monoclonal (cyto)keratin antibodies, but were negative with neurofilament antibodies, with the exception of one case of lung carcinoid, which co-expressed neurofilaments and cytokeratins. We have used antibodies to cytokeratin polypeptides, to neurofilament proteins and to a neuroendocrine related membrane antigen (MOC-1) to further subclassify heterogeneously composed squamous cell carcinomas. Using a monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin 18, normally present in glandular tissues and adenocarcinomas, we observed that more than 90% of the squamous cell carcinomas examined can be stained with this antibody. The percentage of tumor cells, however, positive for cytokeratin 18 varies between 1 and 100%. In these same tumors a monoclonal antibody to skin keratins, which is known to react specifically with keratinizing cells, also stained variable numbers of tumor cells. This finding confirms the presence of (keratinizing) squamous cell carcinoma elements in these tumors. Our data show that most lung tumors, heretofore considered pure squamous cell carcinomas, should be considered biologically adenosquamous carcinomas. Also areas positive with MOC-1 were found in these tumors, suggesting the presence of squamous cell carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation. Furthermore, in some poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas areas with neurofilament positive cells were detected, suggesting a neural differentiation within these neoplasms. Adenoid cystic carcinomas are shown to co-express cytokeratins and vimentin in the tumor cells. This phenomenon can be used to identify such tumors and to distinguish them from other lung tumors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of the Polyhedral (μ‐B20H17OH)2‐ Borane Anion Containing Both Oxygen‐ and Hydrogen‐Bridge Bonds. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Use of the Decision Quality Process for Strategic Planning in the Duri Field, Indonesia (1994)

ABSTRACT Strategic planning and rigorous decision analysis applications will be primary management tools for upstream companies in the 1990's. Merging the long term focus of a strategic planning process with the probabilistic output of decision analysis techniques can yield insightful views of the potential successes and failures of a business plan. Even with these insights, comparing and deciding among a group of alternatives will remain a difficult task. In addition to uncertainties, business partners do not always share common value measures. Marketers want more barrels to sell, field supervisors like low operating cost strategies, and stockholders like cashflow. This environment complicates the managers' ability to choose between available options. The Decision Quality Process, a combination of classical decision analysis techniques coupled with Quality Improvement (QI) principles, bridges this gap. The process allows managers to develop and decide between different long term strategic plans, explicitly accounting for uncertainties, unknowns, and differing value measures. Three teams consisting of engineers, geologists, front line managers, and the highest levels of management within Caltex Pacific Indonesia, Texaco, and Chevron, spent 18 months developing and evaluating a multitude of development scenarios for the Duri Field. More than 200,000 cases of economics were run to support the evaluation. The result was a significant increase in expected value for the field regardless of the value measure used.
Antiobesity effect oftrans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid-producingLactobacillus plantarumPL62 on diet-induced obese mice (2007)

trans-10,cis-12-CLA-producing Lactobacillus can be a replacement for CLA for obesity treatment via the continuous production of trans-10,cis-12-CLA. The results provide a novel opportunity to develop foods with antiobesity activity.
Surface-Selective Preferential Production of Reactive Oxygen Species on Piezoelectric Ceramics for Bacterial Killing (2016)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be used to kill bacterial cells, and thus the selective generation of ROS from material surfaces is an emerging direction in antibacterial material discovery. We found the polarization of piezoelectric ceramic causes the two sides of the disk to become positively and negatively charged, which translate into cathode and anode surfaces in an aqueous solution. Because of the microelectrolysis of water, ROS are preferentially formed on the cathode surface. Consequently, the bacteria are selectively killed on the cathode surface. However, the cell experiment suggested that the level of ROS is safe for normal mammalian cells.
Pravastatin suppresses the interleukin‐8 production induced by thrombin in human aortic endothelial cells cultured with high glucose by inhibiting the p44/42 mitogen activated protein kinase (2001)

1. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl co-enzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) prevent the progression of atherosclerosis by lowering cholesterol. However, the effect of statins on the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines from endothelial cells has not yet been fully investigated. Here, we examined the effect of pravastatin, one of the statins, on IL-8 synthesis induced by thrombin in human aortic endothelial cells (AoEC) cultured with high glucose concentrations. 2. Pravastatin significantly decreased the IL-8 synthesis induced by thrombin. 3. Pravastatin inhibited the p44/42 MAP kinase activity induced by thrombin, but did not inhibit the p38 MAP kinase activity. 4. Translocation of ras protein from the cytosol to plasma membrane was inhibited by pravastatin. 5. Pravastatin inhibit the activator protein-1 activity, but did not inhibit the activation of IkappaB-alpha. 6. Dominant negative ras inhibited the p44/42 MAP kinase activity induced by PMA. 7. Our results suggest that pravastatin inhibits IL-8 synthesis by blocking the ras-MAP (p44/42) kinase pathway rather than nuclear factor-kappaB. Pravastatin may prevent atherosclerosis not only by lowering cholesterol levels, but also by suppressing IL-8 synthesis in AoEC through the inhibition of p44/42 MAP kinase, and this may be more beneficial in diabetic patients than in non-diabetics.
Measles Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Hetero-oligomerize in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (2001)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was investigated as the initial oligomerization site for the envelope glycoproteins H and F of measles virus (MV), a clinically relevant member of the Paramyxoviridae family, and consequences of this interaction for viral replication were studied. Both proteins were tagged at their cytosolic tails with RRR and KKXX motifs, respectively, resulting in their efficient retention in the ER. Co-transfection of the retained constructs with transport competent MV glycoproteins revealed a dominant negative effect on their biological activity indicating intracellular complex formation and thus retention. Pulse-chase analysis and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that this effect is based on both homo- and hetero-oligomerization in the ER. Recombinant viruses additionally expressing ER-retained F showed an altered cytopathic phenotype accompanied by greatly reduced particle release. Similar mutant viruses additionally expressing ER-retained H could not be rescued indicating an even greater negative effect of this protein on virus viability. Our study suggests that both homo- and hetero-oligomerization of MV glycoproteins occur in the ER and that these events are of significance for early steps of particle assembly.