gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of human hsp70 in rat fibroblasts enhances cell survival and facilitates recovery from translational and transcriptional inhibition following heat shock. (1992)

We report here our studies on the inhibitional effect of 45 degrees C heat shock on transcriptional and translational activity and their subsequent recovery at 37 degrees C in Rat-1 cells, thermotolerant Rat-1 cells (TT Rat-1), and Rat-1 cells transfected with human hsp70 gene (HR24, M21). Specifically, we ask whether overexpression of hsp70 protects cells from heat-induced inhibition in RNA and protein synthesis, and/or facilitates cells' ability to recover from translational or transcriptional inhibition after heat shock treatment. Our data demonstrate that the constitutive expression of human hsp70, by itself, confers thermal resistance as expressed in enhanced survival and translational tolerance, but not transcriptional tolerance. In addition, the expression of human hsp70 in Rat-1 cells facilitates cells' ability to recover from heat-induced inhibition in protein and RNA synthesis. After healing at 45 degrees C for 25 min, the time required for RNA and protein synthesis to recover is considerably shorter in HR24, M21, and TT Rat-1 cells than that in control Rat-1 cells. These results provide strong evidence for a direct link between the expression of a functional form of mammalian hsp70, and cells' translational tolerance, as well as their ability to recover from translational and transcriptional inhibition after heat shock.
Expanded Double Negative T Cells in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Produce IL-17 and Infiltrate the Kidneys (2008)

Double negative (DN) T cells are expanded in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and stimulate autoantibody production as efficiently as CD4(+) T cells. In this study, we demonstrate that DN T cells from patients with SLE produce significant amounts of IL-17 and IFN-gamma, and expand when stimulated in vitro with an anti-CD3 Ab in the presence of accessory cells. Furthermore, IL-17(+) and DN T cells are found in kidney biopsies of patients with lupus nephritis. Our findings establish that DN T cells produce the inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IFN-gamma, and suggest that they contribute to the pathogenesis of kidney damage in patients with SLE.
Nomenclature of tetrapyrroles (Recommendations 1986) (1987)

Abstract
Characterization of the Hanganutziu-Deicher (Serum-Sickness) Antigen as Gangliosides Containing N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid (1978)

Gangliosides that possess the same sugar sequence but differing in the type of sialic acid (N-acetyl- or N-glycolylneuraminic acid) were compared for their reactivity with Hanganutziu-Deicher ('serum sickness') antibodies by double-diffusion gel precipitation tests. Only N-glycolylneuraminic acid containing gangliosides formed precipitation lines with Hanganutziu-Deicher antibodies, thus suggesting that Hanganutziu-Deicher antigens are gangliosides that contain N-glycolylneuraminic acid.
Cyclops: miniature robotic reconnaissance system (2003)

Miniature mobile robots are desirable for military applications because of their ability to function covertly in highly constrained environments. However, work on such tiny robotic systems has been hampered by the difficulty of packaging locomotion, sensing, computing and power subsystems into diminutive spaces. This paper presents the design and initial prototype of a miniature mobile robot designed to carry out surveillance and reconnaissance missions in an urban environment. This initial prototype is spherical in shape, with a diameter of 5.5 inches, and weighs only 4.5 pounds. A novel inertial steering system, along with the robot's robust control and communication systems, make it useful for covert video surveillance and reconnaissance in tightly constrained spaces.
ARCHITECTURE OF PROKARYOTIC RIBOSOMES (1983)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
PPM1D Mutations in Circulating White Blood Cells and the Risk for Ovarian Cancer (2013)

We compared the frequency of PPM1D mutation in the white blood cells from 1295 ovarian cancer case patients and 834 control subjects. We found a truncating mutation in 20 case patients vs 1 control subject (odds ratio [OR] = 13.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.75 to 97.55; P < .001). The 12-year mortality of the PPM1D-positive case patients was higher than that of the PPM1D-negative case patients (hazard ratio = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.21 to 3.39; P = .007). Three of the 20 PPM1D carrier case patients had a past history of breast cancer compared with 29 of 1129 noncarriers (OR = 6.69; 95% CI = 1.86 to 24.11; P = .007). The lifetime risks for breast or ovarian cancer among female first-degree relatives of PPM1D mutation carriers were not increased compared with that of case patients without mutations. These observations suggest PPM1D mutations in the mosaic state predispose women to breast and ovarian cancer in the absence of a family history of cancer.
Recycle Technology for Recovering Resources and Products from Waste Printed Circuit Boards (2007)

The printed circuit board (PCB) contains nearly 28% metals that are abundant non-ferrous metals such as Cu, Al, Sn, etc. The purity of precious metals in PCBs is more than 10 times higher than that of rich-content minerals. Therefore, recycling of PCBs is an important subject not only from the treatment of waste but also from the recovery of valuable materials. Chemical and mechanical methods are two traditional recycling processes for waste PCBs. However, the prospect of chemical methods will be limited since the emission of toxic liquid or gas brings secondary pollution to the environment during the process. Mechanical processes, such as shape separation, jigging, density-based separation, and electrostatic separation have been widely utilized in the recycling industry. But, recycling of waste PCBs is only beginning. In this study, a total of 400 kg of waste PCBs was processed by a recycle technology without negative impact to the environment. The technology contained mechanical two-step crushing, corona electrostatic separating, and recovery. The results indicated that (i) two-step crushing was an effect process to strip metals from base plates completely; (ii) the size of particles between 0.6 and 1.2 mm was suitable for corona electrostatic separating during industrial application; and (iii) the nonmetal of waste PCBs attained 80% weight of a kind of nonmetallic plate that expanded the applying prospect of waste nonmetallic materials.
Hspa4l-Deficient Mice Display Increased Incidence of Male Infertility and Hydronephrosis Development (2006)

The Hspa4l gene, also known as Apg1 or Osp94, belongs to the HSP110 heat shock gene family, which includes three genes encoding highly conserved proteins. This study shows that Hspa4l is expressed ubiquitously and predominantly in the testis. The protein is highly expressed in spermatogenic cells, from late pachytene spermatocytes to postmeiotic spermatids. In the kidney, the protein is restricted to cortical segments of distal tubules. To study the physiological role of this gene in vivo, we generated mice deficient in Hspa4l by gene targeting. Hspa4l-deficient mice were born at expected ratios and appeared healthy. However, approximately 42% of Hspa4l(-/-) male mice suffered from fertility defects. Whereas the seminiferous tubules of Hspa4l(-/-) testes contained all stages of germ cells, the number of mature sperm in the epididymis and sperm motility were drastically reduced. The reduction of the sperm count was due to the elimination of a significant number of developing germ cells via apoptosis. No defects in fertility were observed in female mutants. In addition, 12% of null mutant mice developed hydronephrosis. Concentrations of plasma and urine electrolytes in Hspa4l(-/-) mice were similar to wild-type values, suggesting that the renal function was not impaired. However, Hspa4l(-/-) animals were preferentially susceptible to osmotic stress. These results provide evidence that Hspa4l is required for normal spermatogenesis and suggest that Hspa4l plays a role in osmotolerance.
A negative Vth cell architecture for highly scalable, excellently noise immune and highly reliable NAND flash memories (2002)

This paper proposes a new NAND flash memory and related novel circuit techniques that suppress the program disturb and realize a smaller cell size with minimum array noise. The memory cell realizes a LOCOS width reduction of 20%. This architecture is essential for a scaled STI cell because of the improved program disturb. The proposed column latch and Vcc-bitline shield sensing method enable excellent noise immunity and decrease the Vth distribution from 1.2 V to 0.6 V. They also improve device reliability.
Production and Characterization of Improved Adenovirus Vectors with the E1, E2b, and E3 Genes Deleted (1998)

Adenovirus (Ad)-based vectors have great potential for use in the gene therapy of multiple diseases, both genetic and nongenetic. While capable of transducing both dividing and quiescent cells efficiently, Ad vectors have been limited by a number of problems. Most Ad vectors are engineered such that a transgene replaces the Ad E1a, E1b, and E3 genes; subsequently the replication-defective vector can be propagated only in human 293 cells that supply the deleted E1 gene functions in trans. Unfortunately, the use of high titers of E1-deleted vectors has been repeatedly demonstrated to result in low-level expression of viral genes still resident in the vector. In addition, the generation of replication-competent Ad (RCA) by recombination events with the E1 sequences residing in 293 cells further limits the usefulness of E1-deleted Ad vectors. We addressed these problems by isolating new Ad vectors deleted for the E1, E3, and the E2b gene functions. The new vectors can be readily grown to high titers and have several improvements, including an increased carrying capacity and a theoretically decreased risk for generating RCA. We have also demonstrated that the further block to Ad vector replication afforded by the deletion of both the E1 and E2b genes significantly diminished Ad late gene expression in comparison to a conventional E1-deleted vector, without destabilization of the modified vector genome. The results suggested that these modified vectors may be very useful both for in vitro and in vivo gene therapy applications.
Motion estimation method for video compression - an overview (2006)

Efficient motion estimation is an important problem because it determines the compression efficiency and complexity of a video encoder. Motion estimation can be formulated as an optimization problem. This paper starts with an introduction of basic motion estimation problem and discusses issues specific to video motion estimation of two types FSBME & VSBME estimations. This paper in three sections presents a overview of block matching ME problem in three directions: 1.) computation complexity reduction; 2.) accurate representation of true motion and 3.) improving coding efficiency
Structure−Function Studies on the New Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide, Ghrelin:  Minimal Sequence of Ghrelin Necessary for Activation of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor 1a (2000)

The recently discovered growth hormone secretagogue, ghrelin, is a potent agonist at the human growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (hGHSR1a). To elucidate structural features of this peptide necessary for efficient binding to and activation of the receptor, several analogues of ghrelin with various aliphatic or aromatic groups in the side chain of residue 3, and several short peptides derived from ghrelin, were prepared and tested in a binding assay and in an assay measuring intracellular calcium elevation in HEK-293 cells expressing hGHSR1a. Bulky hydrophobic groups in the side chain of residue 3 turned out to be essential for maximum agonist activity. Also, short peptides encompassing the first 4 or 5 residues of ghrelin were found to functionally activate hGHSR1a about as efficiently as the full-length ghrelin. Thus the entire sequence of ghrelin is not necessary for activity: the Gly-Ser-Ser(n-octanoyl)-Phe segment appears to constitute the "active core" required for agonist potency at hGHSR1a.
Distributed Advice-Seeking on an Evolving Social Network (2010)

Within service-oriented architectures, components need to discover and interact with suitable services, which in turn can be mapped to particular subtasks. Similarly, in online social communities users may wish to discover information related to a particular interest that matches their personal preferences. These tasks are difficult when the number of available resources to select from is large, and when the actual characteristics of these resources do not become available until accessed, if they are made explicit at all. Given these requirements, we suggest that the direct exchange of "selection advice" between the users or components of the system can be beneficial. However, because individual requirements or preferences may be different, the choice from whom to accept advice is crucial. We capture this problem in an abstract agent-based model with a pool of heterogeneous resources and a population of agents with varying, but occasionally overlapping, preferences. Based on local information only, agents autonomously form connections with other agents who provide advice thereby improving resource selection. We study how this capability affects the match between agents' preferences and the resources they access and how the underlying connection network co-evolves with advice exchange. Our results indicate that this framework promotes the formation of communities with agents of similar preferences and hence improves the overall agent utility, which is based on resource quality. This outcome is significant when the agents' personal knowledge about the resource pool is small. These results highlight how the cooperation of components or users in concrete systems can be facilitated in order to improve system performance or user experience.
Overview of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard (2012)

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is currently being prepared as the newest video coding standard of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group. The main goal of the HEVC standardization effort is to enable significantly improved compression performance relative to existing standards-in the range of 50% bit-rate reduction for equal perceptual video quality. This paper provides an overview of the technical features and characteristics of the HEVC standard.
Optimized exosome isolation protocol for cell culture supernatant and human plasma (2015)

Extracellular vesicles represent a rich source of novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. However, there is currently limited information elucidating the most efficient methods for obtaining high yields of pure exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles, from cell culture supernatant and complex biological fluids such as plasma. To this end, we comprehensively characterize a variety of exosome isolation protocols for their efficiency, yield and purity of isolated exosomes. Repeated ultracentrifugation steps can reduce the quality of exosome preparations leading to lower exosome yield. We show that concentration of cell culture conditioned media using ultrafiltration devices results in increased vesicle isolation when compared to traditional ultracentrifugation protocols. However, our data on using conditioned media isolated from the Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) SK-MES-1 cell line demonstrates that the choice of concentrating device can greatly impact the yield of isolated exosomes. We find that centrifuge-based concentrating methods are more appropriate than pressure-driven concentrating devices and allow the rapid isolation of exosomes from both NSCLC cell culture conditioned media and complex biological fluids. In fact to date, no protocol detailing exosome isolation utilizing current commercial methods from both cells and patient samples has been described. Utilizing tunable resistive pulse sensing and protein analysis, we provide a comparative analysis of 4 exosome isolation techniques, indicating their efficacy and preparation purity. Our results demonstrate that current precipitation protocols for the isolation of exosomes from cell culture conditioned media and plasma provide the least pure preparations of exosomes, whereas size exclusion isolation is comparable to density gradient purification of exosomes. We have identified current shortcomings in common extracellular vesicle isolation methods and provide a potential standardized method that is effective, reproducible and can be utilized for various starting materials. We believe this method will have extensive application in the growing field of extracellular vesicle research.
Bcl-2 inhibits the mitochondrial release of an apoptogenic protease. (1996)

Bcl-2 belongs to a family of apoptosis-regulatory proteins which incorporate into the outer mitochondrial as well as nuclear membranes. The mechanism by which the proto-oncogene product Bcl-2 inhibits apoptosis is thus far elusive. We and others have shown previously that the first biochemical alteration detectable in cells undergoing apoptosis, well before nuclear changes become manifest, is a collapse of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (delta psi m), suggesting the involvement of mitochondrial products in the apoptotic cascade. Here we show that mitochondria contain a pre-formed approximately 50-kD protein which is released upon delta psi m disruption and which, in a cell-free in vitro system, causes isolated nuclei to undergo apoptotic changes such as chromatin condensation and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. This apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is blocked by N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp.fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD.fmk), an antagonist of interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-like proteases that is also an efficient inhibitor of apoptosis in cells. We have tested the effect of Bcl-2 on the formation, release, and action of AIF. When preventing mitochondrial permeability transition (which accounts for the pre-apoptotic delta psi m disruption in cells), Bcl-2 hyperexpressed in the outer mitochondrial membrane also impedes the release of AIF from isolated mitochondria in vitro. In contrast, Bcl-2 does not affect the formation of AIF, which is contained in comparable quantities in control mitochondria and in mitochondria from Bcl-2-hyperexpressing cells. Furthermore, the presence of Bcl-2 in the nuclear membrane does not interfere with the action of AIF on the nucleus, nor does Bcl-2 hyperexpression protect cells against AIF. It thus appears that Bcl-2 prevents apoptosis by favoring the retention of an apoptogenic protease in mitochondria.
Migration inhibitory factor induces killing of Leishmania major by macrophages: dependence on reactive nitrogen intermediates and endogenous TNF-alpha. (1998)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a product of activated T cells, anterior pituitary cells, and macrophages. MIF plays an important role in LPS-induced shock and delayed-type hypersensitivity. Furthermore, MIF exhibits a proinflammatory spectrum of action, promoting TNF-alpha production by macrophages, and counter-regulates glucocorticoid suppression of cytokine production. Here, we report that purified recombinant MIF activates murine macrophages to kill Leishmania major, with maximal effects at concentrations above 1 microg/ml. This MIF-mediated activation is specific, since it can be blocked completely by anti-MIF mAb. The MIF-mediated activation is dependent on TNF-alpha produced endogenously by macrophages, because the administration of anti-TNF-alpha antiserum markedly reduced the MIF effect. No MIF-mediated activation was observed in macrophages derived from TNF receptor p55 knockout mice, thus demonstrating the requirement of the smaller TNF receptor molecule for autocrine TNF-alpha signaling. A highly specific inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine, dihydrochloride, also inhibited the action of MIF, suggesting an important role for iNOS in the antiparasitic properties of MIF. In line with this, no MIF-mediated activation was detected analyzing macrophages derived from iNOS-deficient mice. The effect of MIF was blocked completely by the macrophage-deactivating cytokines IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-beta. Finally, the expression of MIF mRNA and protein was up-regulated in lymph nodes of mice during the first week after infection with L. major. MIF therefore represents a cytokine involved not only in the recruitment of proinflammatory cells during infection but also in the complex regulation of the antimicrobial activity of these cells.
High performance 0.25 µm p -type Ge/SiGeMODFETs (1998)

The authors report the fabrication and characterisation of 0.25 µm gate length p-type Ge channel modulation doped field effect transistors (MODFETs) with improved RF performance. The structure consists of a compressively strained pure Ge hole channel, grown on a relaxed 5 µm thick graded Si0.4Ge0.6 buffer. A room temperature hole mobility of 1870 cm2/Vs and a sheet carrier density of 2.1 × 1012 cm–2 were measured. The devices exhibit DC transconductances up to 160 mS/mm and saturation currents up to 300 mA/mm. Cutoff frequencies of fT = 32 GHz and fmax = 85 GHz have been achieved.
Constitutively active 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptors reveal novel inverse agonist activity of receptor ligands. (1994)

5-HT2C receptor antagonists, such as mianserin and mesulergine, exhibit negative intrinsic activity, defined as a decrease in agonist-independent, receptor-mediated, phosphoinositide hydrolysis in cells transfected with the 5-HT2C receptor cDNA. These drugs are classified as inverse agonists. Guanine nucleotides reciprocally modulate the binding of an agonist and inverse agonist, suggesting that an inverse agonist binds preferentially to the G protein-uncoupled form of the 5-HT2C receptor. Another 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, 2-bromolysergic acid diethylamide, functions as a neutral antagonist with no intrinsic activity, but is able to block both agonist and inverse agonist. Chronic treatment of choroid plexus cells with an inverse agonist, but not with the neutral antagonist, causes 5-HT2C receptor down-regulation, suggesting that the biological effects of 5-HT2C receptor antagonists are not solely due to antagonism of endogenous agonist. These results provide evidence that constitutively active 5-HT2C receptors are biologically significant. The functionally distinct properties of inverse agonists and neutral antagonists may elucidate the mechanisms controlling basal receptor activity states and lead to novel approaches in the development of therapeutic agents.
Regeneration of a germinal layer in the adult mammalian brain (1999)

Neuronal precursors reside in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult mammals. This region is composed of a network of chains of migrating neuroblasts ensheathed by astrocytes and juxtaposed by clusters of immature precursors (type C cells). Here we show that after antimitotic treatment with cytosine-beta-D-arabinofuranoside, neuroblasts and type C cells are eliminated but some astrocytes remain. Remarkably, the SVZ network rapidly regenerates. Soon after cytosine-beta-D-arabinofuranoside treatment astrocytes divide. Two days later, type C cells reappear, followed at 4.5 days by migrating neuroblasts. By 10 days the SVZ network is fully regenerated, and the orientation and organization of chains of migrating neuroblasts resemble that of normal mice. This regeneration reveals an unexpected plasticity in the adult central nervous system and should provide a model system to study the early stages of neurogenesis in the adult brain.