gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence of the large double-stranded RNA segment of the N1 strain of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: a comparison with other Birnaviridae (1990)

The cDNA sequence of the large dsRNA segment (segment A) of the N1 strain of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) has been determined. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were compared to the sequences of segment A of the Jasper strain of IPNV and to the sequences of segments A and B (5' and 3' flanking regions) of the 002-73 strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The comparison demonstrated that the precursor protein of the major structural polypeptide, pVP2, is highly conserved at the N and C termini, whereas the amino acid sequence of an internal segment shows greater diversity between the strains. This internal segment probably carries the serotype-specific epitopes of birnaviruses. An alternative open reading frame (ORF) (444 bp) partly overlapping with the large ORF (2916 bp) of segment A was found to be conserved among the IPNV strains and is probably also present in the 002-73 strain of IBDV. This small ORF may encode a novel birnavirus polypeptide with an Mr of 17K. SDS-PAGE of radiolabelled purified IPNV particles revealed a band corresponding to the possible novel 17K polypeptide. Short terminal inverted repeats are found in segment A of the N1 and Jasper strains of IPNV and in segment B of the 002-73 strain of IBDV. Segment A of IPNV and segment B of IBDV also contain adjacent inverted repeats at their 5'-terminal flanking regions.
Imatinib (STI571) Induces DNA Damage in BCR/ABL-Expressing Leukemic Cells but Not in Normal Lymphocytes. (2004)

Abstract Imatinib (STI571) is a 2-phenylaminopyrimidine derivative used mostly in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia. It targets specifically the BCR/ABL oncogenic tyrosine kinase, inhibiting its activity. Using the alkaline comet assay we showed that STI571 at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 2 μM induced DNA damage in human leukemic K562 cells expressing the BCR/ABL oncogene, whereas it had no effect in normal human lymphocytes. Because the extent of DNA damage observed in the neutral and pH 12.1 versions of the comet assay was much lesser than in the alkaline version, we concluded that the drug induced DNA alkali-labile sites rather than strand breaks. Imatinib did not induce DNA strand breaks in the direct interaction with DNA as examined by the plasmid relaxation assay. K562 cells were unable to repair H2O2-induced DNA damage during a 120-min incubation, if they had been preincubated with STI571, whereas normal lymphocytes did so within 60 min. Pre-treatment of K562 cells with vitamins A, C and E reduced the extent of DNA damage evoked by STI571. Similar results brought experiments with the nitrone spin traps POBN and PBN, suggesting that free radicals may be involved in the formation of DNA lesions induced by STI571 in K562 cells. These cells exposed to imatinib and treated with endonuclease III, formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase and 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase II, the enzymes recognizing oxidized and alkylated bases, displayed greater extent of DNA damage than those not treated with these enzymes.
α‐Smooth muscle actin and contractile behavior of bovine meniscus cells seeded in type I and type II collagen‐GAG matrices (1999)

Many types of injuries to the meniscus of the knee joint result in defects that do not heal, leading to pain and dysfunction. Several ongoing investigations are developing porous absorbable matrices to be used alone or seeded with cultured cells to facilitate regeneration of this tissue. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the contractile behavior of meniscal cells seeded in type I and type II collagen matrices. In many connective tissues, fibroblasts that have assumed a contractile phenotype (myofibroblasts) have been found to play an important role in healing and in pathological conditions. This phenotype, if expressed by meniscal cells, could affect their behavior in cell-seeded matrices developed for tissue engineering. In this study, the presence of a contractile actin isoform, α-smooth muscle (α-SM) actin, was assessed by immunohistochemistry in normal calf meniscal tissue and in meniscal cells in 2- and 3-dimensional culture. Calf meniscus cells were seeded in type I and type II collagen-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) matrices. The diameter of the matrices was measured every 2–3 days. Immunohistochemical staining of the 2-dimensional cultures for α-SM actin was performed after 1, 3, and 7 days and the staining of the seeded matrices was at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on selected samples. After 3 weeks the seeded type I matrices displayed a significant shrinkage of almost 50% whereas the type II matrix and both types of unseeded controls showed almost no contraction over the same time period. Positive staining for the α-SM actin phenotype was seen in 10% of the cells of the normal tissue but was present in all cells seeded in monolayer and in both types of matrices. TEM of representative cell-seeded matrices showed microfilaments approximately 7 nm thick, consistent with the myofibroblast phenotype. This is the first report of α-SM actin containing cells in the knee meniscus. The finding that, under certain conditions, meniscal cells can express the myofibroblast phenotype warrants study of their role in meniscal healing and the tissue response to implants to facilitate tissue regeneration. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 45, 157–166, 1999.
Regulation of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and the toxic consequences of its disruption (2001)

Complex sphingolipids are ‘built’ on highly bio-active backbones (sphingoid bases and ceramides) that can cause cell death when the amounts are elevated by turnover of complex sphingolipids, disruption of normal sphingolipid metabolism, or over-induction of sphingolipid biosynthesis de novo. Under normal conditions, it appears that the bioactive intermediates of this pathway (3-keto-sphinganine, sphinganine and ceramides) are kept at relatively low levels. Both the intrinsic activity of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) and the availability of its substrates (especially palmitoyl-CoA) can have toxic consequences for cells by increasing the production of cytotoxic intermediates. Recent work has also revealed that diverse agonists and stresses (cytokines, UV light, glucocorticoids, heat shock and toxic compounds) modulate SPT activity by induction of SPTLC2 gene transcription and/or post-translational modification. Mutation of the SPTLC1 component of SPT has also been shown to cause hereditary sensory neuropathy type I, possibly via aberrant oversynthesis of sphingolipids. Another key step of the pathway is the acylation of sphinganine (and sphingosine in the recycling pathway) by ceramide synthase, and up-regulation of this enzyme (or its inhibition to cause accumulation of sphinganine) can also be toxic for cells. Since it appears that most, if not all, tissues synthesize sphingolipids de novo, it may not be surprising that disruption of this pathway has been implicated in a wide spectrum of disease.
Reactions of polyanions derived from alkylbenzenes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of polyanions derived from alkylbenzenesDieter Wilhelm, Timothy Clark, Paul v. R. Schleyer, John L. Courtneidge, and Alwyn G. DaviesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 2, 361–367Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00314a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (678 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Phytogeography of Zelkova (Ulmaceae) (2003)

The present article has comprehensively studied th e phytogeography of the genus Zelkova (Ulmaceae).The genus disjunctly distribu ted in East Asia and Mediterranean,and belongs to Eastern Asiatic Region,Medite rranean Region and Irano Turanian Region.Based on the morphological evolutionar y trends,evidences from cytology and palynology,and combined with fossil distrib ution and geological events, we suppose that Zelkova is the relics of Tertia ry temperate flora once wide spread throughout north hemisphere.The Late Tertiar y orogeny of Himalaya and the Quaternary glaciation were the main factors intens ively influenced the European Zelkova ,whereas in East Asia, the effects were relatively insignificant.
A fine-grained and flexible version control for software artifacts (2008)

Version control is an activity very important for high-quality software production. The structure used by version control systems is the same used by file systems, but in general the abstraction level made by software developers considers the file contents and its internal structure, including details as classes, methods, control blocks and others. Fine-grained version control tools can provide a more detailed version control. However traditional tools and models provide very low flexibility and present high cost and impact of deployment in software development environments. In this paper, there are presented a model and a tool which aim at providing support to fine-grained version control activities.
From animals to animats : proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (1991)

These sixty contributions from researchers in ethology, ecology, cybernetics, artificial intelligence, robotics, and related fields delve into the behaviors and underlying mechanisms that allow animals and, potentially, robots to adapt and survive in uncertain environments. They focus in particular on simulation models in order to help characterize and compare various organizational principles or architectures capable of inducing adaptive behavior in real or artificial animals. Jean-Arcady Meyer is Director of Research at CNRS, Paris. Stewart W. Wilson is a Scientist at The Rowland Institute for Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Supporting IP dense mode multicast routing in all-optical lambda-switched networks (2001)

An infant with Crouzon syndrome was in need of cranial surgery. The optimum surgical correction was not possible, because at that time she was supported with continuous positive airway pressure attached to her occiput. However, the parents wanted the best craniofacial option and her father designed a respiratory support device with attachment to the forehead. Therefore, the most optimum cranial surgery could continue.
A Unified Mechanism of Enzymatic Synthesis of Two Calcium Messengers: Cyclic ADP-Ribose and NAADP (1999)

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) mobilize Ca2+ from two different types of intracellular stores and through completely independent mechanisms. The two Ca2+ messengers are also structurally distinct. cADPR is a cyclic nucleotide derived from NAD, while NAADP is a linear metabolite of NADP. Systems responsive to these two novel signaling molecules are widespread among eukaryotes and include protozoan, plant, invertebrate, mammalian as well as human cells. Despite their functional and structural differences, cADPR and NAADP are sibling messengers synthesized by a single enzyme, ADP-ribosyl cyclase. In this article the recent progress in understanding the physiological roles of cADPR and NAADP is briefly reviewed. A unified mechanism of catalysis is also proposed, which takes into consideration the crystallographic structure of ADP-ribosyl cyclase and accounts for its novel multi-functionality.
Targeted therapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer: focusing on angiogenesis, the epidermal growth factor receptor and multikinase inhibitors (2009)

Chemotherapy used to be the only available option to fight advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Platinum-based medication combined with taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and antimetabolites improved patient survival rates. Unfortunately, neoplasmatic diseases remain a global killer because chemotherapy benefits have reached a plateau and most patients are diagnosed at the metastatic stage. The urgent need for therapeutic agents, along with advances in the knowledge of the molecular events of oncogenesis, has resulted in the development of medication that specifically targets processes and pathways critical for tumor growth, such as angiogenesis and the epidermal growth factor receptor. Initially, inhibiting these pathways managed to prolong patient survival, although not to the extent desired. Moreover, targeted therapy combined with conventional cytotoxic agents has shown no superiority to chemotherapy alone in terms of patient survival. Hence, numerous multidynamic agents have appeared in the hope that they might help fight nonsmall cell lung cancer. However, no group of patients who will hopefully gain maximum benefit from such interventions has been clearly identified yet. This paper presents current evidence with regard to such novel agents and angiogenesis and epidermal growth factor inhibitors.
Toward an Enzyme/Prodrug Strategy for Cancer Gene Therapy: Endogenous Activation of Carboxypeptidase A Mutants by the PACE/Furin Family of Propeptidases (1999)

In an effort to develop a gene-dependent enzyme/prodrug therapy (GDEPT) for tumor-specific delivery of methotrexate (MTX) we have chosen to construct mutant forms of carboxypeptidase A1 (CPA) that circumvent the requirement for trypsin-dependent activation. The basis of this strategy is that methotrexate-alpha-peptides are inefficient substrates for the reduced folate carrier (RFC) and hence cannot be internalized by cells. However, the blocking amino acid can be cleaved by CPA to liberate MTX, which is then internalized by the RFC, resulting in inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase and cytotoxicity. A battery of mutant CPAs was generated, in which the putative trypsin cleavage sites in the propeptide were mutated to the consensus recognition sequence for mammalian subtilisin-like propeptidases. These mutant forms of CPA were evaluated for expression, activation, and catalytic activity by transiently transfecting them into COS-1 cells both in the absence and in the presence of cotransfected propeptidases. CPA95 was identified as the most efficiently cleaved mutant, and further studies of this mutant indicated that the endogenously activated enzyme had kinetic parameters identical to those of the trypsin-activated wild-type protein. In addition, endogenously activated CPA95 could effectively sensitize cells to MTX-Phe in culture, decreasing the IC50 of MTX-Phe from 25- to 250-fold in squamous cell carcinoma cells expressing active CPA as compared with the parental lines.
Fabrication and electrical characterization of top gate single-wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (2002)

We describe the fabrication of single-wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistors in a conventional metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor structure, with gate electrodes above the conduction channel separated from the channel by a thin dielectric. We use these devices to study the performance improvements achieved by reducing the gate-to-channel separation. The top gate structure offers certain structural advantages over earlier, back gated carbon nanotube devices. In addition, these devices exhibit excellent electrical characteristics, including steep subthreshold slope and high transconductance, at gate voltages close to 1 V. The measured device characteristics are significantly better than previously reported carbon nanotube devices, providing further motivation to explore the use of carbon nanotubes for future nanoelectronic applications.
Three‐dimensional radial ultrashort echo‐time imaging with T2 adapted sampling (2006)

The application of 3D radial sampling of the free-induction decay to proton ultrashort echo-time (UTE) imaging is reported. The effects of T2 decay during signal acquisition on the 3D radial point-spread function are analyzed and compared to 2D radial and 1D sampling. It is found that in addition to the use of ultrashort TE, the proper choice of the acquisition-window duration TAQ is essential for imaging short-T2 components. For 3D radial sampling, a maximal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with negligible decay-induced loss in spatial resolution is obtained for an acquisition-window duration of TAQ approximately 0.69 T2. For 2D and 1D sampling, corresponding values are derived as well. Phantom measurements confirm the theoretical findings and demonstrate the impact of different acquisition-window durations on SNR and spatial resolution for a given T2 component. In vivo scans show the potential of 3D UTE imaging with T2-adapted sampling for musculoskeletal imaging using standard MR equipment. The visualization of complex anatomy is demonstrated by extracting curved slices from the isotropically resolved 3D UTE image data.
Increased Neutrophil Numbers and IL-8 Levels in Airway Secretions in Acute Severe Asthma: Clinical and Biologic Significance (2000)

The inflammatory events in the airways at the time of acute respiratory failure from acute severe asthma are poorly understood. To determine the patterns of cellular inflammation in the airways in acute severe asthma, we analyzed tracheal aspirates collected within 12 h of intubation from patients intubated emergently for acute severe asthma (n = 10) and from patients intubated electively for nonpulmonary surgery (n = 14). The number of neutrophils in tracheal aspirates from asthma patients was 10 times higher than normal (4.2 [0.6 to 335.0] [median, range] versus 0.4 [0.009 to 9.4] x 10(6)/ml, p = 0.001), and there was a strong trend for a positive relationship between neutrophil number and duration of intubation (r(s) = 0.64, p = 0.06). Although eosinophil numbers were also significantly higher than normal (0.5 [0.0 to 23.3] versus 0.0 [0.0 to 0.1] x 10(6)/ml, p = 0.003), the numbers of eosinophils were 8-fold less than neutrophils, and there was no significant correlation between eosinophil number and duration of intubation (r(s) = 0.4, p = 0.26). Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemoattraction for neutrophils, was 19 times higher than normal in tracheal aspirates from asthmatic patients (75.0 [9.0 to 168.0] versus 4.0 [0.08 to 24.0] ng/ml, p < 0. 05) and correlated significantly with the neutrophil number (r(s) = 0.77, p = 0.03). Furthermore, the IL-8 levels correlated positively with the duration of mechanical ventilation (r(s) = 0.74, p = 0.03). Surprisingly, the number of neutrophils increased significantly during the period of intubation in the asthmatic subjects, possibly because of intravenous corticosteroid treatment. We conclude that neutrophils are the dominant inflammatory leukocyte characterizing airway inflammation in acute severe asthma that requires mechanical ventilation, and that IL-8 is an important mediator of this neutrophilia.
Head versus Heart? Voluntary Associations and Charity Organization in England, c.1700–1850 (1998)

It is a widely shared view that, as societies become more impersonal, economies more complicated, and knowledge more specialized, one of the relationships most likely to be reappraised in a more calculating way is the relationship between charitable givers and receivers.1 Sometimes the theme is evidenced by charting changes in state policy. In the English case, however, the theme is as likely to involve an examination of volunteer action for the relief of distress as of state policy. And once volunteer action is brought into the picture there arises the further question: To what extent is it plausible to identify the rise of the voluntary association for the relief of distress as a modernizing agency in the transition from an age of charitable pity for ‘Christ’s poor’ to an age of philanthropic concern for the social rehabilitation of marginalized subjects/citizens of the state? To what extent voluntary societies set out to play this role — to what extent their organizers acted as managers of charitable impulse, and with what degree of success — it is the task of this paper to explore.
l‐Ornithine‐l‐aspartate in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: A meta‐analysis (2008)

LOLA benefited patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy (I or II), whereas these data do not support the use of LOLA for patients with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy.
Management and Outcomes of Double Aortic Arch in 81 Patients (2006)

Outcomes are excellent after repair of double aortic arch, although persistent respiratory symptoms are frequent and probably associated with previous compression-related maldevelopment of the trachea and major airways.
Metabolic signature of breast cancer cell line MCF-7: profiling of modified nucleosides via LC-IT MS coupling (2007)

The obtained results are discussed against the background of pathological changes in cell metabolism, resulting in new perspectives for modified nucleosides and related metabolites as possible biomedical markers for breast carcinoma in vivo.
The Health and Productivity Cost Burden of the “Top 10” Physical and Mental Health Conditions Affecting Six Large U.S. Employers in 1999 (2003)

A multi-employer database that links medical, prescription drug, absence, and short term disability data at the patient level was analyzed to uncover the most costly physical and mental health conditions affecting American businesses. A unique methodology was developed involving the creation of patient episodes of care that incorporated employee productivity measures of absence and disability. Data for 374,799 employees from six large employers were analyzed. Absence and disability losses constituted 29% of the total health and productivity related expenditures for physical health conditions, and 47% for all of the mental health conditions examined. The top-10 most costly physical health conditions were: angina pectoris; essential hypertension; diabetes mellitus; mechanical low back pain; acute myocardial infarction; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; back disorders not specified as low back; trauma to spine and spinal cord; sinusitis; and diseases of the ear, nose and throat or mastoid process. The most costly mental health disorders were: bipolar disorder, chronic maintenance; depression; depressive episode in bipolar disease; neurotic, personality and non-psychotic disorders; alcoholism;, anxiety disorders; schizophrenia, acute phase; bipolar disorders, severe mania; nonspecific neurotic, personality and non-psychotic disorders; and psychoses. Implications for employers and health plans in examining the health and productivity consequences of common health conditions are discussed.
MP68-15 ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF AFFERENT NERVES IN THE FOOT WITH TRANSCUTANEOUS ADHESIVE PAD ELECTRODES IMPROVES OVERACTIVE BLADDER SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN (2016)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: One of pathogenesis of diabetic cystopathy is the disturbance of bladder microcirculation. We examined the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on bladder microcirculation and bladder overactivity using a diabetes rat model.