gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agrobacterium Protocols (2006)

Rapid changes and significant progress have been made in the use of Agrobacterium to genetically transform plants for both basic research purposes and agricultural development. In Agrobacterium Protocols, Second Edition, Volumes 1 and 2, a team of leading experts and veteran researchers describe in detail their best techniques for delivering DNA to plant cells and permanently altering their genomes. Volume 1 details the most updated techniques available for twenty-six plant species drawn from cereal crops, industrial plants, legume plants, and vegetable plants, and presents various methods for introducing DNA into three major model plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula, and Nicotiana. The authors also outline the basic methods in Agrobacterium manipulation and strategies for vector construction, major components of plant transformation that are often neglected by many plant biologists. Volume 2 contains another thirty-three proven techniques for root plants, turf grasses, woody species, tropic plants, nuts and fruits, ornamental plants, and medicinal plants. Additional chapters provide methods for introducing DNA into non-plant species, such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and mammalian cells. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, each offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principles behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and highly practical, Agrobacterium Protocols, Second Edition, Volumes 1 and 2 offers plant biotechnologists a gold standard collection of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation techniques for state-of-the-art plant genetic engineering, functional genomic analysis, and crop improvement, and for inspiration in developing new methods for other related and non-related plants
Separation of Soybean Isoflavone Aglycone Homologues by Ionic Liquid-Based Extraction (2012)

The separation of a compound of interest from its structurally similar homologues is an important and challenging problem in producing high-purity natural products, such as the separation of genistein from other soybean isoflavone aglycone (SIA) homologues. The present work provided a novel method for separating genistein from its structurally similar homologues by ionic liquid (IL)-based liquid-liquid extraction using hydrophobic IL-water or hydrophilic IL/water-ethyl acetate biphasic systems. Factors that influence the distribution equilibrium of SIAs, including the structure and concentration of IL, pH value of the aqueous phase, and temperature, were investigated. Adequate distribution coefficients and selectivities over 7.0 were achieved with hydrophilic IL/water-ethyl acetate biphasic system. Through a laboratory-scale simulation of fractional extraction process containing four extraction stages and four scrubbing stages, genistein was separated from the SIA homologues with a purity of 95.3% and a recovery >90%.
Towards a Synthesis of Epothilone A: Rapid Assembly of the C1-C6 and C7-C12 Fragments (1997)

A very short 4-step synthesis of the C1-C6 and C7-C12 fragments 3 and 4 of epothilone A (1a), starting from bornane-10,2-sultam 5, was achieved in 77% and 56% overall yield respectively.
Bile-salt hydrophobicity is a key factor regulating rat liver plasma-membrane communication: relation to bilayer structure, fluidity and transporter expression and function (2001)

Bile-salt hydrophobicity regulates biliary phospholipid secretion and subselection. The aim of this study was to determine whether bile salts can influence liver plasma membrane phospholipids and fluidity in relation to the ATP-dependent transporter. Rats were depleted of bile salts by overnight biliary diversion and then sodium taurocholate was infused intravenously at a constant rate (200nmol/min per 100g of body weight), followed by infusion of bile salts with various hydrophobicities (taurochenodeoxycholate, tauroursodeoxycholate, tauro-β-muricholate, tauro-α-muricholate at 200nmol/min per 100g of body weight). The hydrophobicity of the infused bile salts correlated with that of biliary phospholipids, but was inversely related to that of the canalicular membrane bilayer. Canalicular membrane fluidity (estimated by 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence depolarization) and expression of multidrug-resistance proteins (Mrp2, Mrp3) and apical Na+-dependent bile-salt transporter (ASBT) were increased by hydrophilic bile salts, although there was no marked change in the expression of P-glycoprotein subfamilies (Mdr2). Bile-salt export pump (Bsep) expression was increased along with increasing bile-salt hydrophobicity. Bile salts modulate canalicular membrane phospholipids and membrane fluidity, as well as the ATP-dependent transporter expression and function, and these actions are associated with their hydrophobicity. The cytoprotective effect of hydrophilic bile salts seems to be associated with induction of Mrp2, Mrp3 and ASBT.
Topical treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis (2013)

Corticosteroids perform at least as well as vitamin D analogues, and they are associated with a lower incidence of local adverse events. However, for people with chronic plaque psoriasis receiving long-term treatment with corticosteroids, there remains a lack of evidence about the risk of skin dermal atrophy. Further research is required to inform long-term maintenance treatment and provide appropriate safety data.
Proceedings, forest defoliator - Host interactions: A comparison between gypsy moth and spruce budworms (1983)

The Canada/U.S. Spruce Budworms Program in cooperation with the Center for Biological Control of Northeastern Forest Insects and Diseases of the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station co-sponsored this Forest Defoliator-Host Interaction Workshop.This invitational workshop was limited to investigators of the spruce bud worms and gypsy moth in the Forest Service, Canadian Forestry Service, and the University sector. The primary purpose of this workshop was to foster communication between researchers having a mutual interest and active research projects designed to understand the relationships between the host plant and forest defoliator feeding behavior,growth, and reproduction.This Workshop was a follow-up to two previous meetings on host-insect interaction. Tn1980, Dr. W. Mattson hosted a CANUSA-sponsored meeting at the North Central Forest Experiment Station. St. Paul, MN. This informal gathering brought together CANUSA Program investigators from the US and Canada for the purpose of sharing preliminary information and data on host-insect interactions. The second meeting took place in the fall of 1982. CANUSA(E) sponsored a Symposium on Spruce Budworm-Host Interaction at the Eastern Branch Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Hartford, CT. The current Workshop developed from this Symposium. We found that participants were raising question concerning the similarity or differences between the spruce budworm and gypsy moth host interaction systems.
Rapamycin alleviates toxicity of different aggregate-prone proteins (2005)

Many neurodegenerative diseases are caused by intracellular, aggregate-prone proteins, including polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin in Huntington's disease (HD) and mutant tau in fronto-temporal dementia/tauopathy. Previously, we showed that rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, enhances mutant huntingtin fragment clearance and attenuated toxicity. Here we show much wider applications for this approach. Rapamycin enhances the autophagic clearance of different proteins with long polyglutamines and a polyalanine-expanded protein, and reduces their toxicity. Rapamycin also reduces toxicity in Drosophila expressing wild-type or mutant forms of tau and these effects can be accounted for by reductions in insoluble tau. Thus, our studies suggest that the scope for rapamycin as a potential therapeutic in aggregate diseases may be much broader than HD or even polyglutamine diseases.
Suppression of immunological functions in morphine addicted mice. (1986)

Lymphocytes isolated from morphine addicted mice show a number of impaired immunological functions. They include Con A stimulated mitogenesis, NK cell activity, plaque forming cell activity and delayed-type of hypersensitivity. In addition, the met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin level in the lymph nodes of addicted mice were also depressed.
Locating the nodes: cooperative localization in wireless sensor networks (2005)

Accurate and low-cost sensor localization is a critical requirement for the deployment of wireless sensor networks in a wide variety of applications. In cooperative localization, sensors work together in a peer-to-peer manner to make measurements and then forms a map of the network. Various application requirements influence the design of sensor localization systems. In this article, the authors describe the measurement-based statistical models useful to describe time-of-arrival (TOA), angle-of-arrival (AOA), and received-signal-strength (RSS) measurements in wireless sensor networks. Wideband and ultra-wideband (UWB) measurements, and RF and acoustic media are also discussed. Using the models, the authors have shown the calculation of a Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) on the location estimation precision possible for a given set of measurements. The article briefly surveys a large and growing body of sensor localization algorithms. This article is intended to emphasize the basic statistical signal processing background necessary to understand the state-of-the-art and to make progress in the new and largely open areas of sensor network localization research.
Design and Synthesis of Tricyclic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-1 Antagonists (2005)

Antagonists of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide should prove to be effective in treating stress and anxiety-related disorders. In an effort to identify antagonists with improved physicochemical properties, new tricyclic CRF(1) antagonists were designed, synthesized, and tested for biological activity. As a result of studies aimed at establishing a relationship between structure and CRF(1) binding affinity, NBI 35965 (12a) was identified as a high-affinity antagonist with a pK(i) value of 8.5. Compound 12a proved to be a functional CRF(1) antagonist with pIC(50) values of 7.1 and 6.9 in the in vitro CRF-stimulated cAMP accumulation and ACTH production assays, respectively, and 12a also reduced CRF or stress induced ACTH production in vivo.
Positive and Negative Modulation of Angiogenesis by VEGFR1 Ligands (2009)

PlGF and VEGF-B exhibit dual effects on angiogenesis mediated by VEGF-A.
Many-body optical gain and intraband relaxation time of wurtzite InGaN∕GaN quantum-well lasers and comparison with experiment (2005)

The optical gain and the intraband relaxation time of wurtzite InGaN∕GaN QW lasers are investigated theoretically considering the non-Markovian gain model with many-body effects. Gain spectra are compared with those obtained from the experiment. The calculated intraband relaxation time is about 24fs at the subband edge and gradually increases with the energy. The intraband relaxation time is shown to be nearly independent of the sheet carrier density in an investigated range. The calculated gain spectra is in good agreement with the experiment. The intraband relaxation time τin obtained from fitting with experiment is 25fs. This value agrees well with the calculated value (∼24fs) at the subband edge, for which most of optical transitions occur.
Studies of Local Gastric Cooling as Related to Peptic Ulcer (1959)

Wangensteen, Owen H. M.D.; Salmon, Peter A. M.D.; Griffen, Ward O. Jr. M.D.; Paterson, James R. S. F.R.C.S.; Fattah, Farouk M.D. Author Information
Promising performance of a frequency-modulated differential chaos shift keying ultra-wideband system under indoor environments (2010)

In this study, the performance of the frequency-modulated differential chaos shift keying (FM-DCSK) ultra-wideband (UWB) system is evaluated through two important system parameters, the guard interval and the integration interval of the integrator, over indoor communication channels. It is found that the existing FM-DCSK UWB system suffers severe performance degradation in the IEEE 802.15.4a low-rate application. To resolve this problem, a new optimising scheme for the integration interval is presented. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is significantly improved and becomes insensitive to the data rate. In addition, some notable advantages are evident in the proposed system, such as moderate multiple-access capability and feasible cross-layer optimisation.
Obesity and mild hyperinsulinemia found in neuropeptide Y-Y1 receptor-deficient mice (1998)

To elucidate the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-Y1 receptor (Y1-R) in food intake, energy expenditure, and other possible functions, we have generated Y1-R-deficient mice (Y1-R-/-) by gene targeting. Contrary to our hypothesis that the lack of NPY signaling via Y1-R would result in impaired feeding and weight loss, Y1-R-/- mice showed a moderate obesity and mild hyperinsulinemia without hyperphagia. Although there was some variation between males and females, typical characteristics of Y1-R-/- mice include: greater body weight (females more than males), an increase in the weight of white adipose tissue (WAT) (approximately 4-fold in females), an elevated basal level of plasma insulin (approximately 2-fold), impaired insulin secretion in response to glucose administration, and a significant changes in mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) gene expression (up-regulation of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue and down-regulation of UCP2 in WAT). These results suggest either that the Y1-R in the hypothalamus is not a key molecule in the leptin/NPY pathway, which controls feeding behavior, or that its deficiency is compensated by other receptors, such as NPY-Y5 receptor. We believe that the mild obesity found in Y1-R-/- mice (especially females) was caused by the impaired control of insulin secretion and/or low energy expenditure, including the lowered expression of UCP2 in WAT. This model will be useful for studying the mechanism of mild obesity and abnormal insulin metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Induced expression from the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat during differentiation of human myeloid cells is mediated through its transcriptional enhancer. (1989)

Transcription from the Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) long terminal repeat (LTR) is inhibited in murine stem cells and induced during maturation of these cells. We have investigated whether alterations in the activity of this viral regulatory element also occur during differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells. The Mo-MuLV LTR and the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter were introduced into HL-60 promyelocytes on Epstein-Barr virus-derived chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression vectors. When these cells were induced to terminally differentiate, transcription from the Mo-MuLV LTR was induced approximately 10-fold. Expression from the SV40 promoter remained constant during differentiation of these cells. Replacing the SV40 transcriptional enhancer with the Mo-MuLV LTR transcriptional enhancer rendered the SV40 promoter inducible during differentiation. We conclude that sequences within the transcriptional enhancer of the Mo-MuLV LTR contain cis-acting elements responsible for induction of gene expression during differentiation of human myeloid cells.
On‐line characterization of a hybridoma cell culture process (1994)

Abstract The on‐line determination of the physiological state of a cell culture process requires reliable on‐line measurements of various parameters and calculations of specific rates from these measurements. The cell concentration of a hybridoma culture was estimated on‐line by measuring optical density (OD) with a laser turbidity probe. The oxygen uptake rate (OUR) was determined by monitoring dynamically dissolved oxygen concentration profiles and closing oxygen balances in the culture. The base addition for neutralizing lactate produced by cells was also monitored on‐line via a balance. Using OD and OUR measurements, the specific growth and specific oxygen consumption rates were determined on‐line. By combining predetermined stoichiometric relationships among oxygen and glucose consumption and lactate production, the specific glucose consumption and lactate production rates were also calculated on‐line. Using these on‐line measurements and calculations, the hybridoma culture process was characterized on‐line by identifying the physiological states. They will also facilitate the implementation of nutrient feeding strategies for fed‐batch and perfusion cultures. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Expression of aminopeptidase-n (CD 13) in normal tissues and malignant neoplasms of epithelial and lymphoid origin. (1994)

This study provides not only detailed information about the expression of the CD13 antigen, but also raises the important possibility that CD13 expression may correlate with drug resistance in breast carcinomas.
MRI susceptometry: Image‐based measurement of absolute susceptibility of MR contrast agents and human blood (1992)

We present a novel NMR imaging technique that allows absolute determination of the magnetic susceptibility constant, chi, of a solution. By comparing the phase difference of MR images produced with an instant (echo planar) "offset" spin-echo sequence, we obtain a direct measure of the magnetic field perturbations caused by the solution. We demonstrate this method with Gd(DTPA), Dy(DTPA), human red blood cells, and superparamagnetic iron oxide particles.
CBP Loss Cooperates with PTEN Haploinsufficiency to Drive Prostate Cancer: Implications for Epigenetic Therapy (2014)

Despite the high incidence and mortality of prostate cancer, the etiology of this disease is not fully understood. In this study, we develop functional evidence for CBP and PTEN interaction in prostate cancer based on findings of their correlate expression in the human disease. Cbp(pc-/-);Pten(pc+/-) mice exhibited higher cell proliferation in the prostate and an early onset of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Levels of EZH2 methyltransferase were increased along with its Thr350 phosphorylation in both mouse Cbp(-/-); Pten(+/-) and human prostate cancer cells. CBP loss and PTEN deficiency cooperated to trigger a switch from K27-acetylated histone H3 to K27-trimethylated bulk histones in a manner associated with decreased expression of the growth inhibitory EZH2 target genes DAB2IP, p27(KIP1), and p21(CIP1). Conversely, treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat reversed this switch, in a manner associated with tumor suppression in Cbp(pc-/-);Pten(pc+/-) mice. Our findings show how CBP and PTEN interact to mediate tumor suppression in the prostate, establishing a central role for histone modification in the etiology of prostate cancer and providing a rationale for clinical evaluation of epigenetic-targeted therapy in patients with prostate cancer.
Vibration Control Using Semi-Active Force Generators (1974)

A type of force generator which can respond to general feedback signals from a vibrating system in order to control the vibration but which does not require the power supply of a servomechanism is described. Computer simulation studies show that performance comparable to that of fully active vibration control systems can be achieved with the semi-active type of device. Physical embodiments of the concept are discussed and compared to hardware used in active and passive vibration control systems.
Identification of full profile disturbance models for sheet forming processes (1997)

Abstract In this article we present a method for the on‐line identification and modeling of full profile disturbance models for sheet forming processes. A particular principal components analysis technique called the Karhunen‐Loève expansion is used to adaptively identify the significant features of the profile. In addition, we show how the temporal modes of the reconstructed profile can be modeled using low‐order linear autoregressive (AR) processes. By simulation examples, the effect of the order of the AR model is studied, as well as the window size of the data used in the on‐line application of the KL expansion, the effect of data weighting, the importance of the correct selection of the number of modes, and the frequency of updating the parameters of the AR models. Identified disturbance models can be easily incorporated into model‐predictive control algorithms.
Room-temperature-operated infrared image CCD sensor using pyroelectric gate coupled by dielectric connector (1991)

A room-temperature-operated infrared (IR) image sensor with 64*32 infrared-sensitive MOS gates was developed by combining a pyroelectric thin plate with a Si charge-coupled device (CCD) by dielectric coupling. A pyroelectric plate is bonded to the Si CCD with an organic dielectric, and controls the Si surface potential of the MOS gate. The ability of the pyroelectric MOS gate to control the Si surface potential as a function of the IR signal is analyzed by taking account of both electrical charge and heat transfer. From this analysis, the design of the infrared sensing element is optimized. The pyroelectric materials used for the MOS gate were LiTaO/sub 3/ and PZT, and the organic dielectrics used were glycerin, di-n-butyl sulfone, nitroaniline, and P(VDF-TrFE). The basic characteristics of the pyroelectric gate of the CCD were obtained for several combinations of the pyroelectric and organic dielectric materials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>