gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconstitution of microtubules from purified calf brain tubulin (1975)

The in vitro reconstitution of calf brain tubulin, purified by the method of Weisenberg et al. [(1968), Biochemistry 7, 4466-4479; (1970), Biochemistry 9, 4110-4116] as modified by Lee et al. [(1973), J. Biol. Chem. 248, 7253-7262], was successful in a medium consisting of 10(-2) M sodium phosphate, 10(-4) M GTP, and concentrations of magnesium ions ranging from 0.5 to 16 X 10(-3) M at 37 degrees. Filaments resembling native microtubules were formed. The filaments are in equilibrium with the associating species of tubulin and the equilibrium can be shifted to depolymerization by lowering the temperature to 20 degrees. Filament formation is inhibited by calcium ions which also cause disassembly of the formed filaments. The effects of calcium ion can be reversed by the addition of [ethylenebis-oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid. The formation of filaments is favored by the presence of 3.4 M glycerol; only twisted abnormal filaments are observed in the presence of 1 M sucrose. The high molecular weight components observed in the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of many tubulin preparations were shown not to be essential for the formation of the filaments.
2-W upconversion laser in Tm:ZBLAN fiber (1994)

Over the past few years there has been great progress in the field of fiber lasers, particularly in the areas of high output power generation of shorter output wavelengths via upconversion. Single mode output powers in excess of up to 5 W have been reported for a neodymium doped fiber laser, with powers up to 100 W reported in multiple-fiber bundles.1 Upconversion lasting in fibers based on low-phonon energy glasses has yielded a wide variety of output wavelengths in the visible and infrared, but up till now efficiency and output powers have been limited. In this paper we report the highest power, highest efficiency upconversion laser to date, with output powers of up to 2 W at 810 nm. The laser is based on thulium doped fluorozirconate fiber pumped via two-photon absorption of light at 1064 nm from a cw Nd:YAG laser, following a scheme first demonstrated by Komukai, et al.,2 to obtain powers up to 1 W at 1470 nm, and with which we have previously obtained upconversion powers up to 1.2 W.3
N-body problems: IES3: Efficient electrostatic and electromagnetic simulation (1998)

The fast integral equation solver presented here is ideal for three-dimensional problems with smooth, far-field kernels. IES <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> solves electrostatic and electromagnetic problems in small circuit structures.
Nucleotide sequence of an additional crystal protein gene cloned fromBacillus thuringiensissubsp.thuringiensis (1988)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of an additional crystal protein gene cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis Get access B.L. Brizzard, B.L. Brizzard Department of Microbiology, SC-42, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA 98195, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H.R. Whiteley H.R. Whiteley Department of Microbiology, SC-42, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA 98195, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 6, 25 March 1988, Pages 2723–2724, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.6.2723 Published: 25 March 1988 Article history Received: 12 February 1988 Published: 25 March 1988
A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Twice-a-Day Insulin Glargine Mixed With Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogs Versus Standard Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes (2008)

Glycemic control with insulin glargine mixed with a rapid-acting insulin analog given twice daily seems significantly more effective than the standard therapy in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, it decreases pain and burden of injections for children with diabetes by allowing patients to mix glargine with rapid-acting insulin analog.
Differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis: a consensus approach (2008)

Differential diagnosis leading to MS or alternatives is complex and a strong evidence base is lacking. Consensus-determined guidelines provide a practical path for diagnosis and will be useful for the non-MS specialist neurologist. Recommendations are made for future research to validate and support these guidelines. Guidance on the differential diagnosis process when MS is under consideration will enhance diagnostic accuracy and precision.
Strontium-calcium interrelationships in the growing rat (1964)

The comparative metabolic behavior of strontium and calcium was studied in growing, female rats exposed either continuously or to single doses of Sr 90 and Ca 45 while on diets of various total calcium contents. At weaning the discrimination against ingested Sr 90 relative to Ca 45 was markedly less than that previously observed in mature rats. This discrimination increased and approached the levels observed in mature animals, while growth and Ca 45 deposition was still proceeding at a rapid rate. The effect of a fourfold increase in dietary calcium (from 0.5 to 2.0%) over a 200-day feeding period was a twofold reduction in the steady-state level of Sr 90 in bone. As previously shown in mature rats, the retention (as opposed to absorption) of a single dose of Sr 90 was relatively unaffected by dietary calcium level, while that of Ca 45 varied from almost total retention on a 0.1% calcium diet to retention on a 2.0% calcium diet which was similar to that observed for Sr 90 on all diets.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection In Women -An Over view (2003)

abstract
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) induces biosynthesis and cell surface expression of procoagulant activity in human vascular endothelial cells. (1984)

Human monocyte-derived interleukin 1 (IL-1) was found to be a potent inducer of procoagulant activity in cultured human vascular endothelium. IL-1-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell procoagulant activity (HEC-PCA) was transiently expressed, manifest in intact cell monolayers, and required protein synthesis. Data obtained with coagulation factor-deficient plasma and a goat anti-human apoprotein III antiserum suggested that most, if not all, of IL-1-induced endothelial cell procoagulant activity is tissue factor-like. IL-1 induction of HEC-PCA may be important in the pathogenesis of intravascular coagulation in a variety of immunological and inflammatory conditions.
Biopharmaceutical industry: The importance of prefiltration (2007)

Mandar Dixit and Ulrich Braeutigam explain why prefiltration is particularly important in the fast-moving pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.
The regulation and function of Class III PI3Ks: novel roles for Vps34 (2008)

The Class III PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), Vps34 (vacuolar protein sorting 34), was first described as a component of the vacuolar sorting system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is the sole PI3K in yeast. The homologue in mammalian cells, hVps34, has been studied extensively in the context of endocytic sorting. However, hVps34 also plays an important role in the ability of cells to respond to changes in nutrient conditions. Recent studies have shown that mammalian hVps34 is required for the activation of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)/S6K1 (S6 kinase 1) pathway, which regulates protein synthesis in response to nutrient availability. In both yeast and mammalian cells, Class III PI3Ks are also required for the induction of autophagy during nutrient deprivation. Finally, mammalian hVps34 is itself regulated by nutrients. Thus Class III PI3Ks are implicated in the regulation of both autophagy and, through the mTOR pathway, protein synthesis, and thus contribute to the integration of cellular responses to changing nutritional status.
Functional implications of tyrosine protein phosphorylation in platelets. Simultaneous studies with different agonists and inhibitors (1992)

During activation of platelets by agonists, a number of proteins become phosphorylated at tyrosine residues. Using immunoblotting with a monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibody, we have compared the different phosphotyrosine-protein (PTP) profiles of platelets stimulated with thrombin, collagen, ADP, arachidonic acid, phorbol myristate acetate and P256, an anti-glycoprotein-IIb-IIIa (GPIIb-IIIa) monoclonal antibody (mAb). Only a few PTPs were observed in resting platelets, of molecular masses 130, 64, 56-60 and 36 kDa. After stimulation by different agonists these proteins were more intensely phosphorylated and additional PTPs appeared with molecular masses of 170, 150, 140, 120, 105/97 (doublet), 85, 80, 75 and 45 kDa. The kinetics of phosphorylation differed from one agonist to another, but no significant differences in the overall patterns were detected, except in presence of ADP and P256-F(ab')2, which induced only the additional tyrosine phosphorylation of the 64 kDa protein and to a lesser extent that of a 75 kDa protein. The use of various agonists and the inhibitors (staurosporine, ajoene and RGDS) permitted a better characterization of the relationship between the different steps of activation and phosphorylation on tyrosine residues. The studies suggest the following conclusions: (i) stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation occurs after activation of protein kinase C; (ii) there is a relationship between ligand binding to GPIIb-IIIa and the tyrosine phosphorylation of the 64 kDa protein; and (iii) there is a close relationship between PTP formation and the intensity of platelet activation and aggregation.
Wnt5a Expression Is Associated With the Tumor Proliferation and the Stromal Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor—An Expression in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2005)

The present study revealed that an overexpression of Wnt5a could produce more aggressive NSCLC, especially in squamous cell carcinomas, during tumor progression.
Texture synthesis over arbitrary manifold surfaces (2001)

Algorithms exist for synthesizing a wide variety of textures over rectangular domains. However, it remains difficult to synthesize general textures over arbitrary manifold surfaces. In this paper, we present a solution to this problem for surfaces defined by dense polygon meshes. Our solution extends Wei and Levoy's texture synthesis method [25] by generalizing their definition of search neighborhoods. For each mesh vertex, we establish a local parameterization surrounding the vertex, use this parameterization to create a small rectangular neighborhood with the vertex at its center, and search a sample texture for similar neighborhoods. Our algorithm requires as input only a sample texture and a target model. Notably, it does not require specification of a global tangent vector field; it computes one as it goes - either randomly or via a relaxation process. Despite this, the synthesized texture contains no discontinuities, exhibits low distortion, and is perceived to be similar to the sample texture. We demonstrate that our solution is robust and is applicable to a wide range of textures.
Positive and negative regulation of interleukin-12 gene expression. (1998)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a pivotal cytokine representing the link between the cellular and humoral branches of an effective host immune defense apparatus. IL-12 is a heterodimer produced by phagocytic, B, dendritic, and possibly other accessory cells in both innate and adaptive immune responses. It is a key factor in the induction of T cell-dependent and independent activation of macrophages, generation of T helper type 1 (Th1) and cytotoxic T cells, suppression of IgG1 and IgE production, induction of organ-specific autoimmunity, and resistance to bacterial and parasitic infections [1]. IL-12 has a powerful anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity against many murine tumors [2-5] as well as human tumors [6-17]. The genes encoding the two heterologous chains of IL-12, p40 and p35 are located on different human chromosomes. Together, p40 and p35 form the biologically active IL-12. Their expressions are highly coordinated during an effective immune response. However, under some pathological conditions, IL-12 is under- or overexpressed, resulting either in a lack of resistance to microbial infection and to uncontrolled tumor growth, or in destructive inflammation, respectively. A transient or irreversible dysregulation of IL-12 production may reflect a pathogen/tumor cell-induced disruption in the highly coordinated expression of p40 and p35. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the expression of IL-12 p40 and p35 genes in the context of interactions between pathogens and the immune system is essential in efforts aimed at designing therapeutic strategies to treat infectious and malignant diseases.
First images from a magnetic resonance force microscope (1993)

We describe a new magnetic resonance imaging technique based on the measurement of magnetic force acting between a magnetic tip and the resonantly excited spins in the sample. Magnetic resonance force maps of the sample are formed by scanning the tip with respect to the sample while measuring the angstrom-scale vibration of a microcantilever holding the sample. Real-space spin density information can be recovered from the force maps by using a simple image reconstruction technique. The technique was demonstrated for electron spin resonance in micrometer-size particles of diphenylpicrylhydrazil. Using a tip that generates a field gradient of 4.3 G/μm, a lateral resolution of 5 μm, and an axial resolution of 1 μm was achieved.
Ultrastructural study of mineralization of a strontium‐containing hydroxyapatite (Sr‐HA) cement in vivo (2004)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the mineralization leading to osseointegration of strontium‐containing hydroxyapatite (Sr‐HA) bioactive bone cement injected into cancellous bone in vivo . Sr‐HA cement was injected into the ilium of rabbits for 1, 3, and 6 months. The bone mineralization area was found to be largest at 3 months, then at 1 month, and smallest at 6 months ( p &lt; 0.01) measured with tetracycline labeling. Osseointegration of Sr‐HA cement was achieved at 3 months as observed by scanning electron microscopy. A high calcium and phosphorus area was observed at the interface of bone–Sr‐HA cement determined by energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. Transmission electron microscopy gave evidence of the mechanism of bone formation. Dissolution of Sr‐HA into debris by the bone remodeling process was thought to increase the concentration of calcium and phosphorus at the interface of bone–Sr‐HA cement and stimulate bone formation. Crystalline Sr‐HA formed an amorphous layer and dissolved into the surrounding solution, then apatite crystallites were precipitated and formed new bone at 3 months. This young bone then becomes mature bone, which bonds tightly to the Sr‐HA cement with collagen fibers inserted perpendicularly after 6 months. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 70A: 428–435, 2004
XStream: a Signal-Oriented Data Stream Management System (2008)

Sensors capable of sensing phenomena at high data rates on the order of tens to hundreds of thousands of samples per second are now widely deployed in many industrial, civil engineering, scientific, networking, and medical applications. In aggregate, these sensors easily generate several million samples per second that must be processed within milliseconds or seconds. The computation required includes both signal processing and event stream processing. XStream is a stream processing system for such applications. XStream introduces a new data type, the signal segment, which allows applications to manipulate isochronous (regularly spaced in time) collections of sensor samples more conveniently and efficiently than the asynchronous representation used in previous work. XStream includes a memory manager and scheduler optimizations tuned for processing signal segments at high speeds. In benchmark comparisons, we show that XStream outperforms a leading commercial stream processing system by more than three orders of magnitude. On one application, the commercial system processed 72.7 Ksamples/sec, while XStream processed 97.6 Msamples/sec.
Mutation of a Major Keratin Phosphorylation Site Predisposes to Hepatotoxic Injury in Transgenic Mice (1998)

Simple epithelia express keratins 8 (K8) and 18 (K18) as their major intermediate filament (IF) proteins. One important physiologic function of K8/18 is to protect hepatocytes from drug-induced liver injury. Although the mechanism of this protection is unknown, marked K8/18 hyperphosphorylation occurs in association with a variety of cell stresses and during mitosis. This increase in keratin phosphorylation involves multiple sites including human K18 serine-(ser)52, which is a major K18 phosphorylation site. We studied the significance of keratin hyperphosphorylation and focused on K18 ser52 by generating transgenic mice that overexpress a human genomic K18 ser52--> ala mutant (S52A) and compared them with mice that overexpress, at similar levels, wild-type (WT) human K18. Abrogation of K18 ser52 phosphorylation did not affect filament organization after partial hepatectomy nor the ability of mouse livers to regenerate. However, exposure of S52A-expressing mice to the hepatotoxins, griseofulvin or microcystin, which are associated with K18 ser52 and other keratin phosphorylation changes, resulted in more dramatic hepatotoxicity as compared with WT K18-expressing mice. Our results demonstrate that K18 ser52 phosphorylation plays a physiologic role in protecting hepatocytes from stress-induced liver injury. Since hepatotoxins are associated with increased keratin phosphorylation at multiple sites, it is likely that unique sites aside from K18 ser52, and phosphorylation sites on other IF proteins, also participate in protection from cell stress.
Ig N-glycan orientation can influence interactions with the complement system (1997)

This study was prompted by the paradoxical observation that a pair of dinitrophenyl-specific murine monoclonal IgG2a Abs had similar monosaccharide content and yet differed in their binding to lectins. The differential lectin-binding properties were lost when the Abs were denatured, suggesting that variations in lectin binding reflected the conformational accessibility of the N-glycans rather than intrinsic differences in the lectin binding capacity of the glycans themselves. This hypothesis was supported by experiments indicating that the degree to which the N-glycans on the Abs were reactive with beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase or susceptible to peptide N-glycosidase F corresponded directly to their relative accessibility to lectins. Moreover, the relative susceptibility to these enzymes and accessibility to lectins was inversely related to the capacity of the Abs to activate the classical pathway, suggesting that the orientation of the more accessible N-glycan might inhibit C1q binding. This hypothesis was supported by evidence that enzymatic cleavage of the more accessible N-glycan resulted in enhanced Clq, C4b, and C3b deposition. Conversely, removal of the less accessible N-glycan expressed by the other Ab inhibited C1q, C4b, and C3b deposition. The respective increase or decrease in C3b deposition on the two deglycosylated Abs was magnified when complement activation was performed in factor B-depleted serum, suggesting that N-glycan conformation primarily affects the classical pathway. Collectively, these data suggest that the orientation of the N-glycan expressed on Igs can profoundly influence interaction with the complement system.
Colloidal iron dispersions prepared via the polymer-catalyzed decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColloidal iron dispersions prepared via the polymer-catalyzed decomposition of iron pentacarbonylThomas W. Smith and Darlene WychickCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1980, 84, 12, 1621–1629Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100449a037https://doi.org/10.1021/j100449a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views820Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Identification of a Novel System L Amino Acid Transporter Structurally Distinct from Heterodimeric Amino Acid Transporters (2003)

A cDNA that encodes a novel Na+-independent neutral amino acid transporter was isolated from FLC4 human hepatocarcinoma cells by expression cloning. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the encoded protein designated LAT3 (L-type amino acid transporter 3) transported neutral amino acids such as l-leucine, l-isoleucine, l-valine, and l-phenylalanine. The LAT3-mediated transport was Na+-independent and inhibited by 2-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, consistent with the properties of system L. Distinct from already known system L transporters LAT1 and LAT2, which form heterodimeric complex with 4F2 heavy chain, LAT3 was functional by itself in Xenopus oocytes. The deduced amino acid sequence of LAT3 was identical to the gene product of POV1 reported as a prostate cancer-up-regulated gene whose function was not determined, whereas it did not exhibit significant similarity to already identified transporters. The Eadie-Hofstee plots of LAT3-mediated transport were curvilinear, whereas the low affinity component is predominant at physiological plasma amino acid concentration. In addition to amino acid substrates, LAT3 recognized amino acid alcohols. The transport of l-leucine was electroneutral and mediated by a facilitated diffusion. In contrast, l-leucinol, l-valinol, and l-phenylalaninol, which have a net positive charge induced inward currents under voltage clamp, suggesting these compounds are transported by LAT3. LAT3-mediated transport was inhibited by the pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide, consistent with the property of system L2 originally characterized in hepatocyte primary culture. Based on the substrate selectivity, affinity, and N-ethylmaleimide sensitivity, LAT3 is proposed to be a transporter subserving system L2. LAT3 should denote a new family of organic solute transporters.