gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivovascular wall tissue characterization using a strain tensor measuring (STM) technique for flow-mediated vasodilation analyses (2009)

Endothelial dysfunction is considered to be a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis, and the measurement of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in brachial and other conduit arteries has become a common method to assess the status of endothelial function in vivo. Based on the direct relationship between the FMD response and local shear stress on the conduit brachial artery endothelium, we hypothesize that measuring relevant changes in the brachial wall strain tensor would provide a non-invasive tool for assessing vascular mechanics during post-occlusion reactive hyperemia. Direct measurement of the wall strain tensor due to FMD has not yet been reported in the literature. In this work, a noninvasive direct ultrasound-based strain tensor measuring (STM) technique is presented to assess changes in the mechanical parameters of the vascular wall during post-occlusion reactive hyperemia and/or FMD, including local velocities and displacements, diameter change, local strain tensor and strain rates. The STM technique utilizes sequences of B-mode ultrasound images as its input with no extra hardware requirement, and its algorithm starts with segmenting a region of interest within the artery and providing the acquisition parameters. Then a block matching technique based on speckle tracking is employed to measure the frame-to-frame local velocities. Displacements, diameter change, local strain tensor and strain rates are then calculated by integrating or differentiating velocity components. The accuracy of the STM algorithm was assessed in vitro using phantom studies, where an average error of 7% was reported using different displacement ranging from 100 microm to 1000 microm. Furthermore, in vivo studies using human subjects were performed to test the STM algorithm during pre- and post-occlusion. Good correlations (|r| >0.5, P < 0.05) were found between the post-occlusion responses of diameter change and local wall strains. Results indicate the validity and versatility of the STM algorithm and describe how parameters other than the diameter change are sensitive to reactive hyperemia following occlusion. This work suggests that parameters such as local strains and strain rates within the arterial wall are promising metrics for the assessment of endothelial function, which can then be used for accurate assessment of atherosclerosis. In summary, this study describes a simple and computationally efficient algorithm that can be integrated with ultrasound machines for vascular research. Moreover, it suggests that monitoring the local strain and strain rates of the brachial artery wall can replace or augment the measurement of arterial diameter in FMD studies.
Materialized view and index selection tool for Microsoft SQL server 2000 (2001)

No abstract available.
Rabbit apolipoprotein A‐I mRNA and gene (1987)

In order to study the tissue-specific expression of rabbit apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, a 923-base-pair clone, pRBA-502, complementary to rabbit apo A-I mRNA was identified from a rabbit intestinal cDNA library by hybrid-select translation and immunoprecipitation methods. Northern blot and dot-blot hybridization, utilizing 32P-labeled pRBA-502, revealed that the rabbit apo A-I gene is expressed in the intestine, not in the liver and that rabbit apo A-I mRNA is about 950 nucleotides in length. The entire nucleotide sequence of pRBA-502 has been determined and the complete amino acid sequence of the corresponding apo A-I has been deduced. The mRNA codes for a protein comprising 265 amino acids. Amino acids 1-18 and 19-24 of the primary translation product represent the presegment and prosegment, respectively, of apo A-I. Matured rabbit apo A-I contains 241 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 27612 Da. Using pRBA-502 as a probe, a 15.5-kb genomic fragment, which contains the entire apo A-I gene, was isolated from a rabbit liver genomic library. Sequence analysis of the gene shows that the 200 base pairs of the 5' upstream flanking region of the rabbit and human apo A-I genes showed 78% sequence homology. Like the human apo A-I gene, the rabbit apo A-I gene is interrupted by three intervening sequences. Except for two nucleotides in the fourth exon, the coding sequence of the rabbit liver apo A-I gene is identical to that of pRBA-502. Our data showed that the lack of expression of apo A-I gene in rabbit liver is not due to the alternation of rabbit liver apo A-I gene sequence and suggest that the expression of apo A-I gene in rabbit liver is regulated by a trans-acting regulating element(s).
Sensitization of mice to topically applied drugs: albuterol chlorpheniramine, clonidine and nadolol (1996)

Allergic contact dermatitis from drugs is a significant obstacle to the development of transdermal drug delivery systems. Protocols for the sensitization of mice to drugs are needed to test methods for the prevention of allergic contact dermatitis. CBA/J female mice were sensitized to the drugs albuterol, chlorpheniramine, clonidine and nadolol by topical application. Sensitization was achieved by application of drug at 5% (w/v) to shaven dorsal skin for 5 days in a hydroxyethylcellulose vehicle. Contact sensitization was determined by measuring the ear swelling response to application of 1% drug in vehicle. Control mice treated by application of vehicle alone did not exhibit an ear swelling response to drug. Supplementation of the mice with vitamin A boosted the ear swelling response, as did application of drug to dorsal versus abdominal skin. Although plasma amounts of retinol were higher in vitamin A supplemented versus control mice, the rate of drug (albuterol and nadolol) permeation was not significantly different between vitamin A supplemented and control mice. Permeability of dorsal skin for nadolol was twice that of ventral skin, which may explain the differences in sensitization at these sites. This sensitization protocol should be useful in the development of hypoallergenic transdermal drug delivery systems.
Variable-depth streamer – a broadband marine solution (2010)

Robert Soubaras and Robert Dowle explain how a broadband solution leveraging the benefits of towing variable depth solid streamers and proprietary deghosting processing techniques can resolve a longstanding challenge in marine seismic acquisition.
Studies on the physicochemical properties of house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) allergens involved in reaginic reaction. (1979)

The physicochemical nature of the allergenic component of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract was studied by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, isoelectrofocusing, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fractions were assayed for allergenic activity by the direct radioallergosorbent test (RAST) (dilution method), RAST inhibition (50% inhibition method) and human skin testing. Fractions were further studied by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the band showing a flow rate value of 0.35 was the most potent in allergenic activity. Fractionation by isoelectrofocusing yielded three factions with allergenic activity of pI = 4.8, PI = 7.4 and pI = 10.0 Sephadex G-100 gel filtration revealed that allergenic activity was present in fractions with molecular weight ranging from 17,000-45,000 and discrete ion exchange chromatography evidenced three fractions with very high allergenic activity. In the present study we propose that the allergenic material of D.P is composed of 3 physicochemically different substances whose molecular weight lie in the 17,000 to 45,000 range.
Binding of urokinase to its receptor promotes migration and invasion of human melanoma cells in vitro. (1994)

Previously, we reported that urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) plays a pivotal role in extracellular matrix dissolution by malignant melanoma cells. Here, we demonstrate that a highly metastatic melanoma cell line (M24met) that secretes uPA expresses high levels of the uPA receptor (uPAR), 2.4 x 10(6) binding sites/cell with a KD of 5.67 x 10(-10) M. The receptor was identified as a 55,000-60,000 kDa cell surface protein. Although M24met cells secrete uPA, they are unable to efficiently utilize this enzyme for invasion, unless it is bound to its receptor. This contention is based on the finding that an antibody against uPAR (monoclonal antibody 3936) inhibited invasion of M24met cells through a reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) up to 33%, while a reduction of uPA catalytic activity by its plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 resulted in 46% inhibition of invasion. Furthermore, uPAR is involved in signal transduction events in M24met cells, since both uPA and its amino-terminal fragment stimulated the migration of melanoma cells toward Matrigel, resulting in maximal increases of 32 and 72%, respectively. Our results indicate that both uPA and uPAR are involved in melanoma metastasis and that uPAR contributes to at least two important steps in this process, matrix dissolution and migration.
Physiological Properties of Blood Substitutes (2001)

Blood substitutes (modified hemoglobin solutions, perfluorocarbon emulsions) serve as artificial oxygen carriers and are alternatives to blood transfusions. Hemoglobin solutions mimic the sigmoidal oxygen dissociation curve of natural blood. Perfluorocarbon emulsions exhibit a linear relation between PO2 and dissolved oxygen. The most advanced substances may enter medicine in few years.
MRA Detection of Vascular Occlusion in a Child with Progeria (1993)

We report a case of progeria and the utility of visualizing the cerebrovascular anatomy by using MR angiography. A 4-year-old child with Hutchinson-Guilford syndrome developed symptoms of ischemia and MR angiography showed bilateral occlusion of internal carotid and vertebral artery origins; the anterior spinal artery was prominent.
Bacterial bioluminescence: organization, regulation, and application of the lux genes (1993)

Significant advances have been made in the characterization of luciferases and other lux-specific proteins as well as the lux genes from a number of different species of marine and terrestrial luminescent bacteria. A common lux gene organization (luxCDAB..E) modulated by the presence of specific genes involved in regulation and flavin binding and metabolism (luxF-I,L,R,Y) has been found with the luciferase genes (luxAB) flanked by the genes involved in synthesis of its fatty aldehyde substrate (luxCDE). For many species, light intensity per cell is highly dependent on cellular growth resulting in a spectacular autoinduction of luminescence at high cell density. Consequently, the bacterial lux system is of particular interest as it can serve as an excellent model for more general signal transduction systems involved in developmental processes, intercellular communication, and even symbioses. Identification of the lux autoinducers and regulatory proteins of Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio fischeri has provided the biochemical and genetic basis for dissection of the luminescent system. Isolation of the lux genes and the ability to transfer these genes into prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms have greatly expanded the scope and potential uses of bacterial bioluminescence as a safe, rapid, and sensitive sensor for a wide variety of compounds and metabolic processes.
Clinical Comparison of Standard-Dose and 50% Reduced—Dose Abdominal CT: Effect on Image Quality (2002)

Abdominal CT scan quality appears to be acceptable even with a 50% reduction in radiation dose except in patients with large anthropometric measurements. A reduction in CT radiation dose is possible if the tube current is optimized for the patient's weight and abdominal dimensions.
Dicistronic polioviruses as expression vectors for foreign genes. (1994)

We have made use of certain novel genetic elements of picornaviruses termed internal ribosomal entry sites (IRES) to construct a viral RNA with the following genetic order: PV 5' NTR-EMCV IRES-PV ORF-3' NTR (PV, poliovirus; NTR, nontranslated region; EMCV, encephalomyocarditis virus; ORF, open reading frame). Transfection of this RNA into HeLa cells yielded a poliovirus (W1-PNENPO) that contained two heterologous IRES elements (type 1 IRES of PV; type 2 IRES of EMCV) in tandem. The insertion of foreign coding sequences into the genome of W1-PNENPO between the IRES elements yielded viable polioviruses with the gene order PV 5' NTR-foreign ORF-EMCV IRES-PV ORF-3' NTR. The foreign ORFs we have employed in this study included the coding region for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), or segments of either luciferase or the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. W1-PV/V3-3, a dicistronic poliovirus that contained HIV-1-specific sequences that included the V3 domain of gp120, was used to infect transgenic mice (PVR+) that were engineered to express the poliovirus receptor. The genetic stability of the dicistronic viruses and the HIV-1-specific immune response in PVR+ mice after infection with these novel agents are discussed.
Allocation and scheduling of complex periodic tasks (2002)

A static algorithm for allocating and scheduling components of complex periodic tasks across sites in distributed systems is discussed. Besides dealing with the periodicity constraints (which have been the sole concern of many previous algorithms), this algorithm handles precedence, communication, and fault-tolerance requirements of subtasks of the tasks. The algorithm determines the allocation of subtasks of periodic tasks to sites, the scheduled start times of subtasks allocated to a site, and the schedule for communication along the communication channel(s). Experimental evaluation of the algorithm shows that the heuristics and search techniques incorporated in the algorithm are extremely effective. Specifically, they show that, if a task set can be feasibly allocated and scheduled, the algorithm is highly likely to find it without any backtracking during the search.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Modulation of prolactin receptors (PRL-R) by lactogenic and steroid hormones in human breast cancer cells in long-term tissue culture (T-47D). (1989)

In order to improve the knowledge of prolactin receptors (PRL-R) in human breast tumors, we studied PRL-R modulation by lactogenic and steroid hormones in the PRL-R rich human breast cancer cell-line, T-47 D. The PRL-R were assayed on a preparation of cell total membranes. We demonstrated an abnormal homologous in vitro regulation of PRL-R. Concentrations of human growth hormone (hGH) greater than 500 ng/ml were required to cause a decrease in PRL-R, with a maximal down-regulation at 2000 ng/ml and for 48 hours. Human placental lactogen (hPL) induced a decrease in PRL-R at concentrations greater than 500 ng/ml but later than hGH; ovine prolactin (oPRL) had no effect on PRL-R. Moreover, we also demonstrated that progestins specifically modulated the expression of PRL-R in T-47D cells: Org 2058, a synthetic progestin induced a statistically significant increase in PRL-R after a twenty-four hour incubation period: this effect was already observed at 10(-9) M and was maximal for 10(-6) and 10(-5) M (186% +/- 3.5% (+/- SEM) for total PRL-R). At 10(-6) M, the stimulation occurred early at three hours and was maximal at twenty-four hours. Conversely estradiol (10(-9) to 10(-6) M), cortisol (10(-9) to 10(-6) M), dexamethasone (10(-9) to 10(-5) M) and RU 486 (10(-9) to 10(-5) M), a progestin and glucocorticoid antagonist, had no effect on PRL-R levels. The Org 2058 PRL-R stimulation was abolished in the presence of RU 486. The abnormal PRL-R down-regulation in the human breast cancer cell-line, T-47D, may contribute a growth advantage to these malignant cells over normal tissues. The progestin PRL-R dependence suggests that high levels of PRL-R may reflect a functional progesterone receptor (Pg-R) and a highly hormone-dependent-phenotype of the tumor. These results support a potential role of PRL in the etiology of breast tumors and may have important implications in the management of human breast cancer.
Structure of ribosomes (1979)

Ribosomes are multicomponent particles on which biosynthesis of proteins occurs in all organisms. The best known ribosome, namely that of Escherichia coli, consists of three RNAs and 53 different proteins. All proteins have been isolated and characterized by chemical, physical, and immunological methods. The primary sequences of 47 E. coli ribosomal proteins have so far been determined. Studies of the shape, as well as the secondary and tertiary structure, of the proteins are in progress.Various techniques (e.g. immune electron microscopy and cross-linking of neighbouring components in situ) give information about the architecture of the ribosomal particle. The first technique resulted in illustrative and detailed knowledge not only on the shape of the ribosomal subunits but also about the location of many proteins on the surface of the particles. The analysis of cross-links between ribosomal proteins and (or) RNAs has in several cases been pursued to the level of elucidating which amino acids and (or) nucleotides are cross-linked together in situ. Reconstitution of a fully active E. coli 50S ribosomal subunit from its isolated RNA and protein components can be accomplished by means of a two-step incubation procedure. From the analysis of the intermediates occurring during the reconstitution process it has been concluded that the in vitro reconstitution process resembles the in vivo assembly of 50S subunits in many respects. Escherichia coli mutants with alterations in almost all ribosomal proteins have been isolated. Their biochemical and genetic analyses are very useful tools for obtaining information about the structure, function, and biosynthesis of ribosomes as well as about the location of the genes for these proteins on the chromosome. From comparative electrophoretic, immunological, protein–chemical, and reconstitution studies on ribosomes from various species it has become clear that there is little homology between ribosomes from prokaryotes and those from eukaryotes. This finding is surprising since there is no essential difference in the way in which pro- and eu-karyotic ribosomes function in protein biosynthesis.
MEXAGMKTS : a model of crop and livestock markets in Mexico (1990)

The genesis of the model MEXAGMKTS was the perception that agricultural policies in Mexico (and many other countries) are often second-best responses to the negative side effects of broad macroeconomic and international trade policies. MEXAGMKTS was designed to allow analysis of the relationship between such agricultural policies and different macroeconomic and international trade regimes. MEXAGMKTS is part of a set of interlinked macroeconomic and sectoral models of Mexico and the United States (with enough specifications for the rest of the world to close the system). The authors discuss the historical context in which MEXAGMKTS was developed as well as its economic structure, estimates, and validation. They present a stand-alone, counterfactural application of a trade liberalization scenario for Mexico.
Functional Annotation of a Full-Length Arabidopsis cDNA Collection (2002)

Full-length complementary DNAs (cDNAs) are essential for the correct annotation of genomic sequences and for the functional analysis of genes and their products. We isolated 155,144 RIKEN Arabidopsis full-length (RAFL) cDNA clones. The 3'-end expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of 155,144 RAFL cDNAs were clustered into 14,668 nonredundant cDNA groups, about 60% of predicted genes. We also obtained 5' ESTs from 14,034 nonredundant cDNA groups and constructed a promoter database. The sequence database of the RAFL cDNAs is useful for promoter analysis and correct annotation of predicted transcription units and gene products. Furthermore, the full-length cDNAs are useful resources for analyses of the expression profiles, functions, and structures of plant proteins.
Intramolecular termination of radical-polar crossover reactions (1998)

J. A. Murphy, F. Rasheed, S. J. Roome, K. A. Scott and N. Lewis, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1998, 2331 DOI: 10.1039/A802971G
Introduction of a point mutation into the mouse genome by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells using a replacement type vector with a selectable marker (1993)

The introduction of small mutations instead of null alleles into the mouse genome has broad applications to the study of protein structure-function relationships and the creation of animal models of human genetic diseases. To test a simple mutational strategy we designed a targeting vector for the mouse proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene containing a single nucleotide insertion that converts the initial tyrosine codon of beta-endorphin 1-31 to a premature translational termination codon and introduces a unique Hpal endonuclease restriction site. The targeting vector also contains a neo cassette immediately 3' to the last POMC exon and a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase cassette to allow positive and negative selection. Homologous recombination occurred at a frequency of 1/30 clones of electroporated embryonic stem cells selected in G418 and gancyclovir. 10/11 clones identified initially by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy had the predicted structure without evidence of concatemer formation by Southern blot analysis. We used a combination of Hpa I digestion of PCR amplified fragments and direct nucleotide sequencing to further confirm that the point mutation was retained in 9/10 clones. The POMC gene was transcriptionally silent in embryonic stem cells and the targeted allele was not activated by the downstream phosphoglycerate kinase-1 promoter that transcribed the neo gene. Under the electroporation conditions used, we have demonstrated that a point mutation can be introduced with high efficiency and precision into the POMC gene using a replacement type vector containing a retained selectable marker without affecting expression of the allele in the embryonic stem cells. A similar strategy may be useful for a wide range of genes.
Individual RNA Recognition Motifs of TIA-1 and TIAR Have Different RNA Binding Specificities (1996)

TIA-1 and TIAR are two closely related RNA recognition motif (RRM) proteins which possess three RRM-type RNA binding domains (RRMs 1, 2, and 3). Although both proteins have been implicated as effectors of apoptotic cell death, the specific functions of TIA-1 and TIAR are not known. We have performed in vitro selection/amplification from pools of random RNA sequences to identify RNAs to which TIA-1 and TIAR bind with high affinity. Both proteins selected RNAs containing one or several short stretches of uridylate residues suggesting that the two proteins have similar RNA binding specificities. Replacement of the uridylate stretch with an equal number of cytidine residues eliminates the protein-RNA interaction. Mutational analysis indicates that, for both TIA-1 and TIAR, it is the second RNA binding domain (RRM 2) which mediates the specific binding to uridylate-rich RNAs. Although RRM 2 is both necessary and sufficient for this interaction, the affinity for the selected RNA (as determined by filter binding assays) does increase when the second domain of TIAR is expressed together with the first and third domains (Kd = 2 x 10(-8) M) rather than alone (Kd = 5 x 10(-8) M). Although RRM 3 (of either TIA-1 or TIAR) does not interact with the uridylate-rich sequences selected by the full-length proteins, it is a bona fide RNA binding domain capable of affinity-precipitating a population of cellular RNAs ranging in size from 0.5 to 5 kilobases. In contrast, RRM 1 does not affinity-precipitate cellular RNA. The inability of RRM 1 to interact with RNA may be due to the presence of negatively charged amino acids within the RNP 1 octamer.