gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subjective and Objective Quality Assessment of Audio Source Separation (2011)

We aim to assess the perceived quality of estimated source signals in the context of audio source separation. These signals may involve one or more kinds of distortions, including distortion of the target source, interference from the other sources or musical noise artifacts. We propose a subjective test protocol to assess the perceived quality with respect to each kind of distortion and collect the scores of 20 subjects over 80 sounds. We then propose a family of objective measures aiming to predict these subjective scores based on the decomposition of the estimation error into several distortion components and on the use of the PEMO-Q perceptual salience measure to provide multiple features that are then combined. These measures increase correlation with subjective scores up to 0.5 compared to nonlinear mapping of individual state-of-the-art source separation measures. Finally, we released the data and code presented in this paper in a freely available toolkit called PEASS.
Mechanisms of Cancer Drug Resistance (2002)

The design of cancer chemotherapy has become increasingly sophisticated, yet there is no cancer treatment that is 100% effective against disseminated cancer. Resistance to treatment with anticancer drugs results from a variety of factors including individual variations in patients and somatic cell genetic differences in tumors, even those from the same tissue of origin. Frequently resistance is intrinsic to the cancer, but as therapy becomes more and more effective, acquired resistance has also become common. The most common reason for acquisition of resistance to a broad range of anticancer drugs is expression of one or more energy-dependent transporters that detect and eject anticancer drugs from cells, but other mechanisms of resistance including insensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis and induction of drug-detoxifying mechanisms probably play an important role in acquired anticancer drug resistance. Studies on mechanisms of cancer drug resistance have yielded important information about how to circumvent this resistance to improve cancer chemotherapy and have implications for pharmacokinetics of many commonly used drugs.
Induction of Mammary Gland Development in Estrogen Receptor-α Knockout Mice (2000)

Mammary glands from the estrogen receptor-a knockout (alphaERKO) mouse do not undergo ductal morphogenesis or alveolar development. Disrupted ERalpha signaling may result in reduced estrogen-responsive gene products in the mammary gland or reduced mammotropic hormones that contribute to the alphaERKO mammary phenotype. We report that circulating PRL is reduced in the female alphaERKO mouse. Implantation of an age-matched, heterozygous ERalpha pituitary isograft under the renal capsule of 25-day-old or 12-week-old alphaERKO mice increased circulating PRL and progesterone levels, and induced mammary gland development. Grafted alphaERKO mice also possessed hypertrophied corpora lutea demonstrating that PRL is luteotropic in the alphaERKO ovary. By contrast, ovariectomy at the time of pituitary grafting prevented mammary gland development in alphaERKO mice despite elevated PRL levels. Hormone replacement using pellet implants demonstrated that pharmacological doses of estradiol induced limited mammary ductal elongation, and estradiol in combination with progesterone stimulated lobuloalveolar development. PRL alone or in combination with progesterone or estradiol did not induce alphaERKO mammary growth. Estradiol and progesterone are required for the structural development of the alphaERKO mammary gland, and PRL contributes to this development by inducing ovarian progesterone levels. Therefore, the manifestation of the alphaERKO mammary phenotype appears due to the lack of direct estrogen action at the mammary gland and an indirect contributory role of estrogen signaling at the hypothalamic/pituitary axis.
Multiple sodium channel isoforms and mitogen‐activated protein kinases are present in painful human neuromas (2008)

These results demonstrate that multiple sodium channel isoforms (Nav1.3, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8), as well as activated p38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinases, are expressed in painful human neuromas, indicating that these molecules merit study as possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of pain associated with traumatic neuromas.
Child abuse: review of the literature (2013)

Non-accidental injuries in children are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Fractures are the second most common clinical manifestation of child abuse. The fracture of the femur is associated in more than 60% of child abuse in children younger than 3 years. The objective was to review the literature on child abuse in the major databases and report a rare case of bilateral subtrochanteric femur fractures associated with unilaterall humeral fracture in a 28-day newborn. The orthopedic surgeon is often the first physician to evaluate these children, so a high degree of suspicion, and a physical examination and a detailed clinical history is mandatory when evaluating a newborn with musculoskeletal injuries.
Recognition of multiple epitopes in the human melanoma antigen gp100 by peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with synthetic peptides. (1995)

gp100 is a melanocyte lineage-specific antigen recognized by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes whose adoptive transfer has been associated with tumor regression in patients with metastatic melanoma. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of five melanoma patients were sensitized in vitro with synthetic peptides to elicit antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines against four gp100 epitopes. These epitope-specific CTL lines were generated following weekly in vitro stimulation with the synthetic decamer G10(476) (V-L-Y-R-Y-G-S-F-S-V) or the nonamers G9(280) (Y-L-E-P-G-P-V-T-A), G9(154) (K-T-W-G-Q-Y-W-Q-V), or G9(209) (I-T-D-Q-V-P-F-S-V) pulsed onto autologous irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These lines grew as long as 4 months in culture in low-dose interleukin 2 (30 IU/ml) and exhibited antigen-specific, MHC class I-restricted lysis of peptide-pulsed T2 cells and HLA-A2+, gp100+ established melanoma cell lines. G10(476)- and G9(280)-specific CTLs demonstrated specific release of granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha in response to T2 cells pulsed with relevant peptide, as well as to gp100+ melanoma cell lines. These results demonstrate that several peptides derived from the gp100 protein are presented on the surface of melanoma cells and are sufficiently immunogenic to generate, in vitro, potent CTLs capable of cytolysis and the secretion of cytokines. Therefore, for HLA-A2+ melanoma patients, these and possibly other gp100 peptides could represent good candidates for antigen-specific immunotherapy either singly or in a multivalent regimen.
A Conic Quadratic Programming Approach to Physical Layer Multicasting for Large-Scale Antenna Arrays (2014)

We investigate the problem of downlink physical layer multicasting that aims at minimizing the transmit power with a massive antenna array installed at the transmitter site. We take a solution based on semidefinite relaxation (SDR) as our benchmark. It is shown that instead of working on the semidefinite program (SDP) naturally produced by the SDR, the dual counterpart of the same problem may provide a more efficient numerical implementation. Later, by using a successive convex approximation strategy, we arrive at a provably convergent iterative second-order cone programming (SOCP) solution. Our thorough numerical investigations report that the newly proposed SOCP solution offers improved power efficiency and a massively reduced computational complexity. Therefore, the SOCP solution is seen as a suitable candidate for obtaining beamformers that minimize transmit power, especially, when a very large number of antennas is used at the transmitter.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus by using an oligonucleoside methylphosphonate targeted to the tat-3 gene (1988)

Antiviral effects were characterized for two oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates synthesized in an antisense (3'-TCTTAACC-5') or a sense (5'-AGAATTGG-3') orientation, based on the RNA sequence of the first splice acceptor site of the tat-3 gene of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (5'...AGAAUUGG...3'). The development of syncytial cells and supernatant reverse transcriptase was inhibited by a single exposure to the antisense HIV, and HIV RNA synthesis was inhibited by both antisense and sense methylphosphonates but not by a control herpes simplex virus antisense sequence.
Shedding of membrane proteins by ADAM family proteases (2002)

Many membrane-bound proteins undergo proteolytic release from the membrane, a process known as 'shedding'. Some of the processing events are carried out by enzymes of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) family, which are also membrane bound. One of the most well known ADAM family members is TACE (tumour necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme. TACE was the first ADAM family member to have a known physiological substrate, namely, precursor tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Inhibitors of TACE block the release of the soluble form of this inflammatory cytokine, and are currently being studied in drug discovery projects for the treatment of arthritis. Since the discovery of TACE, physiological substrates for other ADAMs have been determined. This review focuses on the shedding events carried out by TACE and other ADAM family proteinases.
Macroscopic dosimetry for radioimmunotherapy: Nonuniform activity distributions in solid tumors (1989)

In the context of radioimmunotherapy of cancer, there is a need for continued improvement of dosimetry of radionuclides localized in tumors. Current methods assume uniform distribution of radionuclides in the tumor despite experimental evidence indicating nonuniormity. We have developed a model in which nonuniform distribution of radioactivity in the tumor is taken into account. Spherically symmetric radionuclide distributions, depending linearly and exponentially on the radial position, are considered. Dose rate profiles in the tumor are calculated for potentially useful beta-emitting radionuclides, including 32P, 67Cu, 90Y, 111Ag, 131I, and 188Re, and for 193mPt, an emitter of conversion electrons and low-energy Auger electrons. For the radionuclide distributions investigated, high-energy beta emitters, such as 90Y, are most effective in treating large tumors (diameter, d greater than approximately 1 cm), whereas for small tumors (d approximately 1 mm), medium energy beta emitters such as 67Cu are better suited. Very small tumors (d less than 1 mm), and micrometastases are best handled with low-energy electron emitters such as 193mPt.
A novel surface antigen expressed by a subset of human CD3- CD16+ natural killer cells. Role in cell activation and regulation of cytolytic function. (1990)

The GL183 mAb was obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice with the E57 clone (CD7+CD2+CD3-CD16+CD56+) derived from human peripheral blood NK cells. In human peripheral blood, GL183-reactive cells ranged between 2 and 12% (mean 6.5%) in 10 different donors. Double fluorescence and FACS analysis showed that GL183+ cells were consistently included in the CD56+ or CD16+ cell populations. Moreover, since only a fraction of CD56+ or CD16+ cells (approximately 40%) coexpressed GL183 surface antigen, reactivity with GL183 mAb appears to define two subsets within the CD3- lymphocyte population expressing NK cell markers. Although, the majority of GL183+ cells were CD3-, approximately 1% expressed CD3 surface antigens. As shown by clonal analysis, these infrequent CD3+GL183+ cells coexpressed CD56 and CD16 antigens. Cloning of CD3-GL183+ or CD3-GL183- cell populations under limiting dilution conditions yielded clonal progenies that maintained their original surface phenotype. Therefore, expression or lack of expression of GL183 surface antigens represents a stable phenotypic property of a subset of human CD3- NK cells. Immunoprecipitation experiments and two-dimensional PAGE analysis indicated that GL183-reactive molecules were represented in different clones either by a single 58-kD chain or, more frequently, by two chains of approximately 55 and approximately 58 kD, respectively. Analysis of GL183+ or GL183- NK clones for their ability to lyse human (IGROV I) or murine (P815) tumor target cells indicated that GL183- clones were, on average, fivefold more efficient in inducing target cell lysis. GL183+ and GL183- clones produced comparable levels of TNF-alpha in response to PHA plus PMA or anti-CD16 mAb plus PMA. Importantly, production of TNF-alpha was also induced by stimulation of GL183+ clones with GL183 mAb plus PMA. These data indicated that GL183 antigen could mediate cell triggering. This concept was confirmed by the analysis of Ca2+ mobilization, as GL183 mAb induced (in GL183+ clones) increments of [Ca2+]i comparable with those induced by PHA. Moreover, GL183 mAb, or its F(ab')2 fragments, strongly enhanced the cytolytic activity of GL183+ clones against a panel of human tumor target cells, including U937, Raji, IGROV I, M14, and A549. In contrast, GL183 mAb, but not the F(ab')2 fragments, sharply inhibited the cytolytic activity of the same clones against P815, M12, and P3U1 murine target cells. In this case, the effect of GL183 mAb (inhibition) was opposite that of PHA or of stimulatory anti-CD2 or anti-CD16 mAbs, which consistently enhanced the target cell lysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Convenient Enzymatic Route to Optically Active 1-Aminoindan-2-ol: Versatile Ligands for HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors and Asymmetric Syntheses (1997)

(1<i>S</i>,2<i>R</i>)- and (1<i>R</i>,2<i>S</i>)-l-aminoindan-2-ol were prepared in high enantiomeric excess (>96%) by an immobilized lipase-catalyzed selective acylation of racemic <i>trans</i>- l-azidoindan-2-ol.
Effects of C2‘-Substitution on Arabinonucleic Acid Structure and Conformation (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEffects of C2'-Substitution on Arabinonucleic Acid Structure and ConformationDivi Venkateswarlu and David M. FergusonView Author Information Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Minnesota Supercomputer Institute University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 23, 5609–5610Publication Date (Web):May 29, 1999Publication History Received16 March 1999Published online29 May 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja990870khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja990870krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Conformation,Mathematical methods,Nucleic acid structure,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
A Newly Discovered Mycobacterial Pathogen Isolated from Laboratory Colonies of Xenopus Species with Lethal Infections Produces a Novel Form of Mycolactone, the Mycobacterium ulcerans Macrolide Toxin (2005)

Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, produces a macrolide toxin, mycolactone A/B, which is thought to play a major role in virulence. A disease similar to Buruli ulcer recently appeared in United States frog colonies following importation of the West African frog, Xenopus tropicalis. The taxonomic position of the frog pathogen has not been fully elucidated, but this organism, tentatively designated Mycobacterium liflandii, is closely related to M. ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum, and as further evidence is gathered, it will most likely be considered a subspecies of one of these species. In this paper we show that M. liflandii produces a novel plasmid-encoded mycolactone, mycolactone E. M. liflandii contains all of the genes in the mycolactone cluster with the exception of that encoding CYP140A2, a putative p450 monooxygenase. Although the core lactone structure is conserved in mycolactone E, the fatty acid side chain differs from that of mycolactone A/B in the number of hydroxyl groups and double bonds. The cytopathic phenotype of mycolactone E is identical to that of mycolactone A/B, although it is less potent. To further characterize the relationship between M. liflandii and M. ulcerans, strains were analyzed for the presence of the RD1 region genes, esxA (ESAT-6) and esxB (CFP-10). The M. ulcerans genome strain has a deletion in RD1 and lacks these genes. The results of these studies show that M. liflandii contains both esxA and esxB.
[The correlation of CAGs repeat size with age of onset in patients with Kennedy's disease]. (2009)

It is found that in Kennedy' disease, as well as in other CAG repeat diseases, the length of polyglutamine tract determines the age of onset, but has no correlation with the severity of the disease.
Reliable multicast protocols: a practical view (2002)

The subject of reliable multicast protocols is a popular research topic today. Many applications exist which can use a reliable multicast protocol to great benefit, and there are many approaches to solving the problems. The paper discusses some of the issues from a pragmatic view and also some of the prospects for improvements now being discussed in the Internet research community. Additionally, actual applications being used commercially are discussed based on StarBurst Communications' two years of experience in shipping reliable multicast products based on its own reliable multicast protocol, MFTP.
Lineage specific receptors used to identify a growth factor for developmentally early hemopoietic cells: Assay of hemopoietin‐2 (1985)

A new approach, based on the occurrence of receptors for the mononuclear phagocyte lineage specific hemopoietic growth factor (HGF) colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) on developmentally early multipotent cells, is utilized to detect and assay rapidly another HGF, hemopoietin-2. This method is also used to determine the relative maturity of hemopoietin-2 target cells, to investigate synergism between hemopoietin-2 and CSF-1, and to measure CSF-1 receptor levels on maturing cells. While the target cell specificities of hemopoietin-2 and CSF-1 overlap, hemopoietin-2 causes the appearance of developmentally earlier 125I-CSF-1 binding cells de novo in the absence of CSF-1. Increased CSF-1 receptor densities are observed on cells incubated with either HGF, consistent with acquisition of the capacity for increased expression of the receptor by mononuclear phagocyte progenitor cells just prior to their differentiation to adherent mononuclear phagocytes. Together, both HGFs have a synergistic effect on the generation of 125I-CSF-1 binding cells with elevated CSF-1 receptor densities. Preliminary characterization of hemopoietin-2 from medium conditioned by WEHI-3 cells indicates that it is very similar to, if not identical with, interleukin-3 (IL-3) and the HGF(s) acting on multipotential cells and cells giving rise to erythroid cells, granulocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, and megakaryocytes. Purified IL-3 was shown to possess hemopoietin-2 activity.
&alpha;-Ketoglutarate Application in Hemodialysis Patients Improves Amino Acid Metabolism (1996)

In hemodialysis patients, free amino acids and alpha-ketoacids in plasma were determined by fluorescence HPLC to assess the effect of alpha-ketoglutarate administration in combination with the phosphate binder calcium carbonate on the amino acid metabolism. During 1 year of therapy in parallel to inorganic phosphate, urea in plasma decreased significantly, histidine, arginine and proline as well as branched chain alpha-ketoacids, in particular alpha-ketoisocaproate, a regulator of protein metabolism, increased. Thus, administration of alpha-ketoglutarate with calcium carbonate effectively improves amino acid metabolism in hemodialysis patients as it decreases hyperphosphatemia.
Percutaneous drug penetration: Choosing candidates for transdermal development (1988)

Abstract There is currently a high level of interest in using the skin as a route for delivering drugs. One hears the questions: What are the attributes of a drug that make it a serious candidate for transdermal delivery? By what a priori analysis might one zero in on the best transdermal candidate within a family of drugs? Answers to these questions lie in understanding the molecular factors that make a drug a facile permeant of the skin. Among other properties, it must have a high absolute affinity for the skin's phases, which provide for its diffusive conduction. Other factors in evaluation are the potency of the drug and the relative efficiency of the drug's systemic presentation once it has gained access to the body. One also considers the potential for the drug to elicit adverse responses in the skin. Fortunately, parallels between the drug's ability to partition between oil and water and its ease of mass transfer across the skin can be used to ferret out a working mass transfer coefficient. If not already known, solubilities are easily experimentally deduced. The extent of first‐pass metabolism by the oral route, presumed to be a known quantity, is compared with the relative amount of metabolism of the drug in the course of its diffsion through the skin, an experimentally determined quantity, in order to set the transdermal dose. These bits of information can then be used to form an early, reasonably faithful picture of the feasibility of delivering a particular drug transdermally and to make a first estimate of the size of patch required for the drug.
Transcriptional Regulation of Vertebrate Cardiac Morphogenesis (2002)

Transcription factors can regulate the expression of other genes in a tissue-specific and quantitative manner and are thus major regulators of embryonic developmental processes. Several transcription factors that regulate cardiac genes specifically have been described, and the recent discovery that dominant inherited transcription factor mutations cause congenital heart defects in humans has brought direct medical relevance to the study of cardiac transcription factors in heart development. Although this field of study is extensive, several major gaps in our knowledge of the transcriptional control of heart development still exist. This review will concentrate on recent developments in the field of cardiac transcription factors and their roles in heart formation.