gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Self-assembled Hydrogels by Stereocomplex Formation in Aqueous Solution of Enantiomeric Lactic Acid Oligomers Grafted To Dextran (2000)

This paper describes a novel hydrogel concept, which is based on self-assembling of enantiomeric lactic acid oligomers (stereocomplex formation) grafted to dextran. The hydrogels are prepared in an all-aqueous environment. For this purpose, l- and d-lactic acid oligomers were coupled to dextran, yielding dex−(l)lactate and dex−(d)lactate, respectively. Upon dissolving each product in water separately and mixing the solutions, we observed that a hydrogel is formed at room temperature as demonstrated by rheological measurements. The storage modulus of the obtained hydrogel strongly decreased upon heating to 80 °C, while it was restored upon cooling to 20 °C, demonstrating the thermoreversibility and the physical nature of the cross-links. Rheological experiments with monodisperse lactic acid oligomers grafted to dextran showed that the degree of polymerization (DP) of the lactic acid oligomers must be at least 11 to obtain a hydrogel. The hydrogel characteristics can be modulated by varying the degree of polymerization (DP, number of lactate units per oligomer) and the degree of substitution (DS, number of lactic acid side chains per 100 glucopyranose units) of the dex−lactate products, as well as the water content of the dex−lactate solutions. Stronger gels were obtained by increasing the DP and DS and by decreasing the water content. FTIR−photoacoustic (PA) analysis demonstrated that in the hydrogels stereocomplexes were formed between the lactic acid oligomers of opposite chirality.
Capacitive and barrier discharge excilamps and their applications (Review) (2006)

The results of studies, development works, and tests of barrier-and capacitive-discharge excilamps radiating in the UV and VUV spectrum regions are presented. The main information on the designs of radiators and generators is presented. The spectral, temporal, and energy characteristics of excilamps based on the emission of KrCl*, XeCl*, XeI*, XeBr*, KrBr*, Xe*2, Br*2, and Cl*2 molecules and the I* atomic line are described. It is shown that the created generators and sealed-off radiators have long service lives. Examples of specific applications of excilamps are presented.
Recruitment of the default mode network during a demanding act of executive control (2015)

In the human brain, a default mode or task-negative network shows reduced activity during many cognitive tasks and is often associated with internally-directed processes, such as mind wandering and thoughts about the self. In contrast to this task-negative pattern, we show increased activity during a large and demanding switch in task set. Furthermore, we employ multivoxel pattern analysis and find that regions of interest within default mode network are encoding task-relevant information during task performance. Activity in this network may be driven by major revisions of cognitive context, whether internally or externally focused.
The Role of Servant Leadership in Faculty Development Programs: A Review of the Literature (2012)

The following note is that a review of existing literature pertaining to servant leadership and faculty development. Specifically, this work discussed delivering servant leadership to online faculty through the utilization of a faculty development program. The idea for this literature review stemmed from the author asking how an online academic administrator could utilize the practice of servant leadership in order to improve the overall online academic experience. The intent of the review involved discovering, through a review of the literature, a way of opening up a dialogue that can possibly drive future research studies regarding the practice of servant leadership to improve of the overall online academic teaching experience. In this work, the author conducted a literature review that identified strengths in both faculty development as well as practicing servant leadership within the online education modality. The literature identified the issue of faculty isolation as challenge for academic administrators and offered up faculty development as a possible solution to overcoming it. The findings of the work showed a benefit to bringing servant leadership practices into faculty development programs in order to improve the overall online teaching environment. The work generates future empirical research ideas regarding building community, the use of servant leadership, and faculty development programs.
Fast gaze-contingent optimal decompositions for multifocal displays (2017)

As head-mounted displays (HMDs) commonly present a single, fixed-focus display plane, a conflict can be created between the vergence and accommodation responses of the viewer. Multifocal HMDs have long been investigated as a potential solution in which multiple image planes span the viewer's accommodation range. Such displays require a scene decomposition algorithm to distribute the depiction of objects across image planes, and previous work has shown that simple decompositions can be achieved in real-time. However, recent optimal decompositions further improve image quality, particularly with complex content. Such decompositions are more computationally involved and likely require better alignment of the image planes with the viewer's eyes, which are potential barriers to practical applications. Our goal is to enable interactive optimal decomposition algorithms capable of driving a vergence- and accommodation-tracked multifocal testbed. Ultimately, such a testbed is necessary to establish the requirements for the practical use of multifocal displays, in terms of computational demand and hardware accuracy. To this end, we present an efficient algorithm for optimal decompositions, incorporating insights from vision science. Our method is amenable to GPU implementations and achieves a three-orders-of-magnitude speedup over previous work. We further show that eye tracking can be used for adequate plane alignment with efficient image-based deformations, adjusting for both eye rotation and head movement relative to the display. We also build the first binocular multifocal testbed with integrated eye tracking and accommodation measurement, paving the way to establish practical eye tracking and rendering requirements for this promising class of display. Finally, we report preliminary results from a pilot user study utilizing our testbed, investigating the accommodation response of users to dynamic stimuli presented under optimal decomposition.
Suppression of the relaxation oscillation in the modulated output of semiconductor lasers (1976)

Practical rates of direct pulse modulation of semiconductor lasers have so far been limited to below several hundred megahertz, owing to serious distortion in the output signal caused by the relaxation oscillation of the light intensity. Based on theoretical analysis of the dynamic properties of lasing under constant injection of external radiation into the cavity modes, light injection is proposed as a method for suppressing the relaxation oscillation. The effectiveness of this method has been confirmed in a series of preliminary experiments which employed GaAs injection lasers both as the modulated laser and as the external source of the injected radiation.
Src and Caveolin-1 Reciprocally Regulate Metastasis via a Common Downstream Signaling Pathway in Bladder Cancer (2010)

In bladder cancer, increased caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression and decreased Src expression and kinase activity correlate with tumor aggressiveness. Here, we investigate the clinical and functional significance, if any, of this reciprocal expression in bladder cancer metastasis. We evaluated the ability of tumor Cav-1 and Src RNA and protein expression to predict outcome following cystectomy in 257 patients enrolled in two independent clinical studies. In both, high Cav-1 and low Src levels were associated with metastasis development. We overexpressed or depleted Cav-1 and Src protein levels in UMUC-3 and RT4 human bladder cancer cells and evaluated the effect of this on actin stress fibers, migration using Transwells, and lung metastasis following tail vein inoculation. Cav-1 depletion or expression of active Src in metastatic UMUC-3 cells decreases actin stress fibers, cell migration, and metastasis, while Cav-1 overexpression or Src depletion increased the migration of nonmetastatic RT4 cells. Biochemical studies indicated that Cav-1 mediates these effects via its phosphorylated form (pY14), whereas Src effects are mediated through phosphorylation of p190RhoGAP and these pathways converge to reduce activity of RhoA, RhoC, and Rho effector ROCK1. Treatment with a ROCK inhibitor reduced UMUC-3 lung metastasis in vivo, phenocopying the effect of Cav-1 depletion or expression of active Src. Src suppresses whereas Cav-1 promotes metastasis of bladder cancer through a pharmacologically tractable common downstream signaling pathway. Clinical evaluation of personalized therapy to suppress metastasis development based on Cav-1 and Src profiles seems warranted.
Mechanistic studies of ionizing radiation and oxidative mutagenesis: genetic effects of a single 8-hydroxyguanine (7-hydro-8-oxoguanine) residue inserted at a unique site in a viral genome (1990)

T4 RNA ligase was used to construct a deoxypentanucleotide containing a single 8-hydroxyguanine (7-hydro-8-oxoguanine; G8-OH) residue, which is one of the putatively mutagenic DNA adducts produced by oxidants and ionizing radiation. The pentamer d(GCTAG8-OH)p was prepared by the ligation of a chemically synthesized acceptor molecule, d(GCTA), to an adducted donor, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 5',3'-bisphosphate. The acceptor was efficiently converted to the reaction product (greater than 95%), and the final product yield was 50%. Following 3'-dephosphorylation, the pentamer was characterized by UV spectroscopy, by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the nucleosides released by enzymatic hydrolysis. Both d(GCTAG8-OH) and an unmodified control were 5'-phosphorylated by using [gamma -32P]ATP and incorporated covalently by DNA ligase into a five-base gap at a unique NheI restriction site in the otherwise duplex genome of an M13mp19 derivative. The ligation product contained G8-OH at the 3' residue of an in-frame amber codon (5'-TAG-3') (genome position 6276) of the phage lacZ alpha gene. The adduct was part of a nonsense codon in a unique restriction site in order to facilitate the identification and selection of mutants generated by the replication of the modified genome in Escherichia coli. Both control and adducted pentamers ligated into the genome at 50% of the maximum theoretical efficiency, and nearly all (approximately 90%) of the site-specifically adducted products possessed pentanucleotides that were covalently linked at both 5' and 3' termini. The G8-OH lesion in the NheI site inhibited the cleavage of the site by a 200-fold excess of NheI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Binding analysis of amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal regions of the 39-kDa protein to the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. (1994)

A 39-kDa protein binds to the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor (LRP/alpha 2MR) and inhibits the binding of ligands to this receptor. We recently reported that inhibition of tissue-type plasminogen activator binding to LRP/alpha 2MR is mediated by both amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal regions of the 39-kDa protein, whereas inhibition of alpha 2-macroglobulin-proteinase binding is mediated only by amino-terminal regions. In this report we show that amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal regions of the 39-kDa protein bind specifically and with high affinity to LRP/alpha 2MR on rat hepatoma MH1C1 cells. Following binding, these amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal regions of the 39-kDa protein are each rapidly endocytosed and degraded with kinetics identical to the full-length 39-kDa protein. Competition binding experiments with these constructs demonstrate that amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal regions of the 39-kDa protein compete with one another for binding to LRP/alpha 2MR. A model is proposed in which amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal regions of the 39-kDa protein bind to different sites on LRP/alpha 2MR in order to inhibit ligand binding.
Molecular characterization of sialophorin (CD43), the lymphocyte surface sialoglycoprotein defective in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. (1989)

Sialophorin (CD43) of leukocytes and platelets is a surface sialoglycoprotein that is phenotypically defective on lymphocytes of patients with the X chromosome-linked immunodeficiency Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Previous studies with monoclonal antibodies indicate that sialophorin is a component of a T-lymphocyte activation pathway. Here we describe the cDNA cloning and derived amino acid sequence of human sialophorin. The sequence predicts an integral membrane polypeptide with an N-terminal hydrophobic signal region followed by a mucin-like 235-residue extracellular region with a uniform distribution of 46 serine, 47 threonine, and 24 proline residues. This is followed by a 23-residue transmembrane region and a 123-residue C-terminal intracellular region. These latter regions have been highly conserved during evolution; the intracellular region contains a number of potential phosphorylation sites that might mediate transduction of activation signals. The chromosomal location of the sialophorin gene was determined and the implications of this assignment for the pathogenesis of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome are discussed.
Cd8+ but Not Cd8− Dendritic Cells Cross-Prime Cytotoxic T Cells in Vivo (2000)

Bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells (APCs) take up cell-associated antigens and present them in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules to CD8(+) T cells in a process referred to as cross-priming. Cross-priming is essential for the induction of CD8(+) T cell responses directed towards antigens not expressed in professional APCs. Although in vitro experiments have shown that dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are capable of presenting exogenous antigens in association with MHC class I, the cross-presenting cell in vivo has not been identified. We have isolated splenic DCs after in vivo priming with ovalbumin-loaded beta2-microglobulin-deficient splenocytes and show that they indeed present cell-associated antigens in the context of MHC class I molecules. This process is transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) dependent, suggesting an endosome to cytosol transport. To determine whether a specific subset of splenic DCs is involved in this cross-presentation, we negatively and positively selected for CD8(-) and CD8(+) DCs. Only the CD8(+), and not the CD8(-), DC subset demonstrates cross-priming ability. FACS((R)) studies after injection of splenocytes loaded with fluorescent beads showed that 1 and 0.6% of the CD8(+) and the CD8(-) DC subsets, respectively, had one or more associated beads. These results indicate that CD8(+) DCs play an important role in the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses specific for cell-associated antigens.
Endoglin is expressed on a subpopulation of immature erythroid cells of normal human bone marrow. (1991)

A monoclonal antibody (1G2) was raised by immunization of a Balb/c mouse with the leukemic blasts from a patient suffering from chronic myelogenous leukemia blast crisis (CML-BC). Sequential immunoprecipitation of the protein from human umbilical vein endothelial cells with 1G2 and the endoglin-specific monoclonal antibody 44G4 indicated that both antibodies react with the same molecule, a homodimer of molecular mass 180,000. This protein was first identified on acute lymphoblastic leukemia and was shown to be primarily associated with endothelial cells. In addition, 1G2 and 44G4 identified the same subpopulation of human bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC), as established by two colour immunofluorescence analysis. By cell sorting and colony assays it could be demonstrated that endoglin is not expressed on hemopoietic precursor cells (CFU-G, CFU-GM, CFU-GEMM, BFU-E). May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining of sorted BMMNC revealed that 1G2 recognized immature proerythroblasts and double-fluorescence analysis showed that endoglin is present on a subset of glycophorin A-positive BMMNC. 1G2 was not reactive on bone marrow B-cells (CD19, CD20), T-cells (CD3, CD7), natural killer cells (CD56), myeloid cells (CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33), and on CD34-positive cells. Endoglin contains an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid sequence, a feature generally associated with extracellular matrix proteins which interact with integrins. It is suggested that proerythroblasts may utilize endoglin to interact with integrins in cell-cell adhesion events in the stromal or hemopoietic compartment of the bone marrow.
Silicon nanowires with sub 10 nm lateral dimensions: From atomic force microscope lithography based fabrication to electrical measurements (2002)

The ability of the atomic force microscope (AFM) to realize lithography patterns on silicon surfaces is widely known and leads to the formation of silicon nanostructures after an etching step. In this article, we aim at improving the fabrication process to yield silicon nanowires with minimum lateral dimensions for the realization of Coulomb blockade based devices. First, we focus on the AFM lithography step: using pulsed voltages for the anodic oxidation of the silicon surface instead of the commonly employed continuous polarization, we obtain an improvement of both AFM lithography resolution and tip reliability. Second, after the wet etching step, we present a technique of oxidation/deoxidation cycles, which allows a controlled thinning of the silicon wires. Combining these two techniques, we obtain silicon nanowires the widths of which are lower than 10 nm. Finally, as the wires are made on a silicon on insulator substrate, it opens the way to electrical characterization and we present some realizations and results.
Functionalization of Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) Films on Gold and Si/SiO2 for Immobilization of Proteins and Cells: SPR and QCM Studies (2007)

Thin films of a biocompatible and nonbiofouling poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) ( pOEGMA) with various thicknesses were formed on gold and Si/SiO 2 substrates by a combination of the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) terminating in bromoester-an initiator of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)-and surface-initiated ATRP. After the formation of the pOEGMA films, terminal hydroxyl groups of side chains divergent from the methacrylate backbones were activated with N, N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC), and the DSC-activated pOEGMA films were reacted with (+)-biotinyl-3,6,9-trioxaundecanediamine (Biotin-NH 2) to form biotinylated pOEGMA films. By surface plasmon resonance experiments with the target protein (streptavidin) and model proteins (fibrinogen and lysozyme), we verified that the resulting films showed the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio ( approximately 10-fold enhancement) for the biospecific binding of streptavidin compared with the biotinylated substrate prepared from carboxylic acid-terminated SAMs. Quartz crystal microbalance measurements were also carried out to obtain the surface coverage of streptavidin and fibrinogen adsorbed onto the biotinylated pOEGMA films with various thicknesses and to investigate the effect of film thicknesses on the biospecific binding of streptavidin. Both the binding capacity of streptavidin and the signal-to-noise ratio of streptavidin/fibrinogen were found to be saturated at the 20 nm thick pOEGMA film. In addition, to demonstrate a wide applicability of the pOEGMA films, we constructed micropatterns of streptavidin and cells by microcontact-printing biotin-NH 2 and poly- l-lysine onto the DSC-activated pOEGMA films, respectively.
A comparative study of two retaining enzymes of Trichoderma reesei: transglycosylation of oligosaccharides catalysed by the cellobiohydrolase I, Cel7A, and the β‐mannanase, Man5A (1999)

HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS and NMR spectroscopy were used to investigate the hydrolysis of cello- and mannooligosaccharides by Cel7A and Man5A from Trichoderma reesei. The experimental progress curves were analysed by fitting the numerically integrated kinetic equations, which provided cleavage patterns for oligosaccharides. This data evaluation procedure accounts for product inhibition and avoids the initial slope approximation. In addition, a transglycosylation step had to be included in the model to reproduce the experimental progress curves. For the hydrolysis of manno-oligosaccharides, Man4-6, by Man5A no mannose was detected at the beginning of the reaction showing that only the internal linkages are hydrolysed. For cellotriose and cellotetraose hydrolysis by Cel7A, the main product is cellobiose and glucose is released from the non-reducing end of the substrate. Intermediary products longer than the substrates were detected by MALDI-TOF MS when oligosaccharides (Glc4-6 or Man4-6) were hydrolysed by either Cel7A or Man5A. Interestingly, two distinct transglycosylation pathways could be observed. Cel7A produced intermediates that are one unit longer than the substrate, whereas Man5A produced intermediates that are two units longer than the substrate.
Backbone modifications in somatostatin analogues: relation between conformation and activity. (1992)

Twenty cyclic and linear analogues of somatostatin have been compared with respect to their conformational behavior and biological activity. It appears that all active compounds have in common a well defined, predominant backbone conformation. For linear peptides, this conformation can only be detected at low (-80 degrees C) temperature by NMR measurements. Selectivity is suggested to be determined by the nature and topology of the side chains linked to this common backbone conformation. The side chain conformation is also only accessible for NOE measurements in the low temperature range.
StreamCorder: fast trial-and-error analysis in scientific databases (2003)

We have implemented a client/server system for fast trial-and-error analysis: the StreamCorder. The server streams wavelet-encoded views to the clients, where they are cached, decoded and processed. Low-quality decoding is beneficial for slow network connections. Low-resolution decoding greatly accelerates decoding and analysis. Depending on the system resources, cached data and analysis requirements, the user may alter the minimum analysis quality at any time.