gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Fluoroscopic Imaging to Treat Cam Deformities (2014)

The described 6 fluoroscopic views are very helpful in localization and visualization of the typical cam deformity from 11:45 to 2:45 and can be used to reliably confirm a complete intraoperative resection of cam-type deformity in most patients. These views correlate with preoperative 3D imaging and may be of even greater importance in the absence of preoperative 3D imaging.
Taste masking of ofloxacin and formation of interpenetrating polymer network beads for sustained release (2016)

The objective of this study was to carry out taste masking of ofloxacin (Ofl) by ion exchange resins (IERs) followed by sustained release of Ofl by forming interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) beads. Drug-resin complexes (DRCs) with three different ratios of Ofl to IERs (1:1, 1:2, 1:4) were prepared by batch method and investigated for in vivo and in vitro taste masking. DRC of methacrylic acid-divinyl benzene (MD) resin and Ofl prepared at a ratio of 1:4 was used to form IPN beads. IPN beads of MD 1:4 were prepared by following the ionic cross-linking method using sodium carboxymethyl xanthan gum (SCMXG) and SCMXG-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMXG-SCMC). IPN beads were characterized with FT-IR and further studied on sustained release of Ofl at different pH. In vivo taste masking carried out by human volunteers showed that MD 1:4 significantly reduced the bitterness of Ofl. Characterization studies such as FT-IR, DSC, P-XRD and taste masking showed that complex formation took place between drug and resin. In vitro study at gastric pH showed complete release of drug from MD 1:4 within 30 min whereas IPN beads took 5 h at gastric pH and 10 h at salivary pH for the complete release of drug. As the crosslinking increased the release kinetics changed into non-Fickian diffusion to zero-order release mechanism. MD 1:4 showed better performance for the taste masking of Ofl and IPNs beads prepared from it were found useful for the sustained release of Ofl at both the pH, indicating a versatile drug delivery system.
Do oxysterols control cholesterol homeostasis? (2002)

Oxysterols are oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol with a very short half-life relative to cholesterol.As a consequence they are present in very low concentrations in all mammalian systems, almost invariably accompanied by 10 3 -to 10 6 -fold excess of cholesterol.Oxysterols are important intermediates in a number of hepatic and extrahepatic catabolic pathways, most of which generate water-soluble bile acids as final products.Based on largely indirect evidence, and in spite of their low levels in vivo, oxysterols are generally believed to be important physiological mediators of cholesterol-induced effects.Perhaps the best support for this model is the existence of nuclear receptors that bind these compounds with high affinity and the fact that oxysterols potently regulate the expression of sterol-sensitive genes in vitro.Here I consider the role of oxysterols as intermediates in different catabolic pathways, and I weigh the evidence for and against the "oxysterol hypothesis" of cholesterol homeostasis.
Influence of infection at the time of root filling on the outcome of endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis (1997)

This study investigated the role of infection on the prognosis of endodontic therapy by following-up teeth that had had their canals cleaned and obturated during a single appointment. The root canals of 55 single-rooted teeth with apical periodontitis were thoroughly instrumented and irrigated with sodium hypochlorite solution. Using advanced anaerobic bacteriological techniques, post-instrumentation samples were taken and the teeth were then root-filled during the same appointment. All teeth were initially infected; after instrumentation low numbers of bacteria were detected in 22 of 55 root canals. Periapical healing was followed-up for 5 years. Complete periapical healing occurred in 94% of cases that yielded a negative culture. Where the samples were positive prior to root filling, the success rate of treatment was just 68%--a statistically significant difference. Further investigation of three failures revealed the presence of Actinomyces species in each case; no other specific bacteria were implicated in failure cases. These findings emphasize the importance of completely eliminating bacteria from the root canal system before obturation. This objective cannot be reliably achieved in a one-visit treatment because it is not possible to eradicate all infection from the root canal without the support of an inter-appointment antimicrobial dressing.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the Active Polyphenol Component from Green Tea (2001)

[reaction: see text]. Enantioselective synthesis of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG, 3b), the active polyphenol component from green tea, has been achieved by using a stereospecific cyclization of the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation product 7c as the key step.
One‐pot Synthesis of Long Chain Branch PP (LCBPP) Using Ziegler‐Natta Catalyst and Branching Reagents (2007)

Abstract A new class of long chain branched isotactic polypropylene (LCBPP) polymers with high molecular weights and well‐controlled structures are prepared via a combination of rac ‐Me 2 Si(2‐Me‐4‐Ph‐Ind)ZrCl 2 /MAO catalyst and a T‐reagent, such as p‐(3‐butenyl)styrene. The T‐reagent can simultaneously serve two functions (comonomer and chain transfer agent) during metallocene‐mediated propylene polymerization in the presence of a small amount of hydrogen. 1 H NMR and SEC equipped with triple detectors revealed most of polymer chain containing LCB structure. LCBPPs displayed a systematic increase in zero‐shear viscosity and Arrhenius flow activation energy as branch density increased. LCBPPs with high branch point density displayed thermorheologically complex behavior, and strain hardening was observed in extensional flow.
Adjuvant Activity of QS‐21 Isomers (1993)

QS-21, a reverse-phase purified triterpene glycoside from the South American tree Quillaja saponaria, can be further resolved into two peaks when chromatographed by high performance hydrophilic interaction chromatography. These two peaks demonstrated identical pseudomolecular ion weights and fragmentation patterns when analyzed by fast atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy. Carbohydrate analysis by monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis showed that a terminal apiose in the major peak was replaced by another pentose residue in the minor peak. Hence, the two peaks were structural isomers. Dose response curves for each isomer and reverse-phase purified QS-21 were similar, with a minimum effective dose of 5 micrograms in mice. This result indicates that the portion of QS-21 containing this variation is not critical for adjuvant activity.
Causas de fallo en la implantación del TPM y modelo de puesta en marcha integrador (2010)

Las empresas modernas precisan ser competitivas para sobrevivir en el mercado, por este motivo muchas compañías se plantean estrategias como el TPM (Total Productive Maintenance) para la obtención de mejoras tangibles e intangibles en la organización que les ayuden a afrontar las dificultades del negocio. La gran mayoría de las organizaciones no son capaces de acometer con éxito la implantación del TPM, por no considerar las causas de fallo que se pueden presentar durante las diferentes etapas de desarrollo del modelo de implantación. El presente trabajo de investigación define, mediante un análisis de las publicaciones y estudios de caso existentes, un modelo genérico de implantación del TPM, y recopila las barreras, facilitadores y causas más comunes de fallo que se deben de tener en cuenta en cada etapa de su desarrollo y que pueden afectar al éxito de la implementación
Solid state gas sensors (1997)

The detection and monitoring of gases with solid state sensors has become a well established practice. Three major types of solid state gas sensor are already in widespread use and a number of other designs currently in development may have the potential for commercial exploitation in the future. The established sensor types are reviewed here and a brief description is given of some of the emergent technologies.
A symmetric inhibitor binds HIV-1 protease asymmetrically (1993)

Potential advantages of C2-symmetric inhibitors designed for the symmetric HIV-1 protease include high selectivity, potency, stability, and bioavailability. Pseudo-C2-symmetric monools and C2-symmetric diols, containing central hydroxymethylene and (R,R)-dihydroxyethylene moieties flanked by a variety of hydrophobic P1/P1' side chains, were studied as HIV-1 protease inhibitors. The monools and diols were synthesized in 8-10 steps from D-(+)-arabitol and D-(+)-mannitol, respectively. Monools with ethyl or isobutyl P1/P1' side chains were weak inhibitors of recombinant HIV-1 protease (Ki > 10 microM), while benzyl P1/P1' side chains afforded a moderately potent inhibitor (apparent Ki = 230 nM). Diols were 100-10,000x more potent than analogous monools, and a wider range of P1/P1' side chains led to potent inhibition. Both classes of compounds exhibited lower apparent Ki values under high-salt conditions. Surprisingly, monool and diol HIV-1 protease inhibitors were potent inhibitors of porcine pepsin, a prototypical asymmetric monomeric aspartic protease. These results were evaluated in the context of the pseudosymmetric structure of monomeric aspartic proteases and their evolutionary kinship with the retroviral proteases. The X-ray crystal structure of HIV-1 protease complexed with a symmetric diol was determined at 2.6 A. Contrary to expectations, the diol binds the protease asymmetrically and exhibits 2-fold disorder in the electron density map. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted beginning with asymmetric and symmetric HIV-1 protease/inhibitor model complexes. A more stable trajectory resulted from the asymmetric complex, in agreement with the observed asymmetric binding mode. A simple four-point model was used to argue more generally that van der Waals and electrostatic force fields can commonly lead to an asymmetric association between symmetric molecules.
Biodiversity indicators as a tool to assess sustainability levels of agro-ecosystems with a special consideration of grasslands areas (2005)

The impact of agricultural practices on biodiversity is unquestionable. Biodiversity indicators can therefore be used for assessing both positive and negative effects of different agricultural activities and management strategies on the environment. Consequently, they can be applied as a powerful tool for assessing sustainability levels in agro-ecosystems. Biodiversity can be considered at the level of genetic, species and ecosystem (community) diversity. For agriculture it can be also expressed as planned (agricultural) and associated (para-agricultural and extra-agricultural) biodiversity, which reflect different functions of plants, animals and micro-organisms in agro-ecosystems. Diversity planned by the farmer is represented i.a. by different varieties of crops or livestock breeds. Associated biodiversity appears spontaneously within production systems. Para-agricultural biodiversity plays an important role in agro-ecosystems, including beneficial as well as invasive organisms. Extra-agricultural biodiversity fulfils an important heritage function. Potential indicators are identified for all the above-mentioned biodiversity categories at different spatial scales: field, farm and landscape.
HYDROTROPES (1988)

Abstract The structure and action of hydrotropes are discussed using surfactant association structures as a model. The main action of a hydrotrope is to prevent phase separation from an aqueous solution; either by disordering of a lamellar liquid crystal or by preventing the formation of well defined normal and inverse micelles.
Demonstration That Human Mast Cells Arise From a Progenitor Cell Population That Is CD34+, c-kit+, and Expresses Aminopeptidase N (CD13) (1999)

Human mast cells are known to arise from a CD34(+)/c-kit(+) progenitor cell population that also gives rise to neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes. To further characterize cells within the CD34(+)/c-kit(+) population that yield mast cells, this progenitor was additionally sorted for CD13, a myeloid marker known to appear early on rodent mast cells and cultured human mast cells, but not expressed or expressed at low levels on human tissue mast cells; and cultured in recombinant human (rh) stem cell factor (rhSCF), rh interleukin-3 (rhIL-3; first week only), and rhIL-6. Initial sorts revealed that although the majority of cells in culture arose from the CD34(+)/c-kit(+)/CD13(-) cell population, mast cells arose from a CD34(+)/c-kit(+)/CD13(+) progenitor cell that also gave rise to a population of monocytes. Sequential sorting confirmed that CD34(+)/c-kit(+)/CD13(+) cells in CD34(+)/c-kit(+)/CD13(-) sorts gave rise to the few mast cells observed in CD13(-) sorted cells. CD34(+)/c-kit(+)/CD13(+) cells plated as single cells in the presence of various cytokine combinations gave rise to pure mast cell, monocyte, or mixed mast cell/monocyte progeny. Addition of either rh granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) or rhIL-5 to the CD34(+)/c-kit(+)/CD13(+) progenitor cell population cultured in rhSCF, rhIL-3, and rhIL-6 did increase the number of total cells cultured and in the case of rhIL-5, did increase total mast cell numbers. Neither rhGM-CSF or rhIL-5 led to additional cell populations, ie, even with the addition of rhGM-CSF or rhIL-5, only mast cells and monocytes grew from CD34(+)/c-kit(+)/CD13(+) cells. Thus, human mast cells and a population of monocytes arise from precursor cells that express CD34, c-kit, and CD13; and within which, are mast cell, monocyte, and mast/monocyte (bipotential) precursors.
Self-Assembled ZnO Nanoparticle Capsules for Carrying and Delivering Isotretinoin to Cancer Cells (2017)

ZnO@polymer core-shell nanoparticles are assembled into novel capsule shells with diameters of about 100 nm to load isotretinoin (ISO) with a capacity as high as 34.6 wt %. Although ISO, a widely used drug for acne treatment, by itself is not suitable for treating cancer because of its hydrophobicity, our ZnO-ISO composite showed much stronger anticancer activity. The improved cytotoxicity is ascribed to the synergistic effects of the ZnO@polymer and ISO, where the ZnO@polymer helps in the accumulation of ISO in cancer cells on the one hand, and on the other hand, ISO is released completely through ZnO decomposition under acidic conditions of cancer cells. Such a pH-triggered drug-delivery system exhibits a much improved killing of cancer cells in vitro in comparison with the benchmarks, Nintedanib and Crizotinib, two commercial drugs clinically applied against lung cancer.
[Protective effect of omeprazole against low-dose acetylsalicylic acid. Endoscopic controlled double-blind study in healthy subjects]. (1995)

Protective Effects of Omeprazole against Low-dose Acetylsalicylic Acid/An endoscopic controlled double-blind study in healthy volunteers. In a randomized double-blind parallel study the gastroduodenal tolerability of 300 mg acetylsalicylic acid (CAS 50-78-2, ASA) daily (8 p.m.) has been evaluated in the presence of 20 mg and 40 mg omeprazole (CAS 73590-58-6) daily (8 p.m.) or placebo in 36 healthy volunteers using upper GI-endoscopy. The treatment periods lasted 14 days. Endoscopic controls were performed at entry and repeated at day 14. At entry the mean endoscopic score averaged 0.9 +/- 0.08 in the ASA/placebo (n = 12), the ASA/omeprazole 20 mg (n = 12) and the ASA/omeprazole 40 mg group (n = 12). The median values were 1.0. In the placebo experiments 300 mg ASA daily induced marked gastroduodenal lesions at day 14 (12.4 +/- 1.7). The median value was 10.0. Concomitant administration of 20 mg omeprazole daily afforded significant protection against 300 mg ASA daily on day 14 (2.9 +/- 0.9) (p < 0.0005 vs. ASA/placebo). 300 mg ASA + 40 mg omeprazole daily reduced the damaging score to 1.8 +/- 0.5 (p < 0.00002 vs. ASA/placebo). The median values in the ASA/omeprazole 20 mg and in the ASA/omeprazole 40 mg group were 1.0. The difference in the damaging score between ASA/omeprazole 20 mg and ASA/omeprazole 40 mg after 14 days did not reach statistical significance. Our data suggest that coadministration of 20 mg omeprazole daily reduces almost completely gastroduodenal lesions evoked by 300 mg ASA.
Inactivation of Endotoxin by Human Plasma Gelsolin (2005)

Septic shock from bacterial endotoxin, triggered by the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules from the outer wall of Gram-negative bacteria, is a major cause of human death for which there is no effective treatment once the complex inflammatory pathways stimulated by these small amphipathic molecules are activated. Here we report that plasma gelsolin, a highly conserved human protein, binds LPS from various bacteria with high affinity. Solid-phase binding assays, fluorescence measurements, and functional assays of actin depolymerizing effects show that gelsolin binds more tightly to LPS than it does to its other known lipid ligands, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and lysophosphatidic acid. Gelsolin also competes with LPS-binding protein (LBP), a high-affinity carrier for LPS. One result of gelsolin-LPS binding is inhibition of the actin binding activity of gelsolin as well as the actin depolymerizing activity of blood serum. Simultaneously, effects of LPS on cellular functions, including cytoskeletal actin remodeling, and collagen-induced platelet activation by pathways independent of toll-like receptors (TLRs) are neutralized by gelsolin and by a peptide based on gelsolin residues 160-169 (GSN160-169) which comprise part of gelsolin's phosphoinositide binding site. Additionally, TLR-dependent NF-kappaB translocation in astrocytes appears to be blocked by gelsolin. These results show a strong effect of LPS on plasma gelsolin function and suggest that some effects of endotoxin in vivo may be mediated or inhibited by plasma gelsolin.
Tissue-Specific, Tumor-Selective, Replication-Competent Adenovirus Vector for Cancer Gene Therapy (2001)

We have previously described two replication-competent adenovirus vectors, named KD1 and KD3, for potential use in cancer gene therapy. KD1 and KD3 have two small deletions in the E1A gene that restrict efficient replication of these vectors to human cancer cell lines. These vectors also have increased capacity to lyse cells and spread from cell to cell because they overexpress the adenovirus death protein, an adenovirus protein required for efficient cell lysis and release of adenovirus from the cell. We now describe a new vector, named KD1-SPB, which is the KD1 vector with the E4 promoter replaced by the promoter for surfactant protein B (SPB). SPB promoter activity is restricted in the adult to type II alveolar epithelial cells and bronchial epithelial cells. Because KD1-SPB has the E1A mutations, it should replicate within and destroy only alveolar and bronchial cancer cells. We show that KD1-SPB replicates, lyses cells, and spreads from cell to cell as well as does KD1 in H441 cells, a human cancer cell line where the SPB promoter is active. KD1-SPB replicates, lyses cells, and spreads only poorly in Hep3B liver cancer cells. Replication was determined by expression of the E4ORF3 protein, viral DNA accumulation, fiber synthesis, and virus yield. Cell lysis and vector spread were measured by lactate dehydrogenase release and a "vector spread" assay. In addition to Hep3B cells, KD1-SPB also did not express E4ORF3 in HT29.14S (colon), HeLa (cervix), KB (nasopharynx), or LNCaP (prostate) cancer cell lines, in which the SPB promoter is not expected to be active. Following injection into H441 or Hep3B tumors growing in nude mice, KD1-SPB caused a three- to fourfold suppression of growth of H441 tumors, similar to that seen with KD1. KD1-SPB had only a minimal effect on the growth of Hep3B tumors, whereas KD1 again caused a three- to fourfold suppression. These results establish that the adenovirus E4 promoter can be replaced by a tissue-specific promoter in a replication-competent vector. The vector has three engineered safety features: the tissue-specific promoter, the mutations in E1A that preclude efficient replication in nondividing cells, and a deletion of the E3 genes which shield the virus from attack by the immune system. KD1-SPB may have use in treating human lung cancers in which the SPB promoter is active.
The pharmacological profile of a novel norpregnane progestin (trimegestone) (1999)

Trimegestone is a novel norpregnane progestin that is being developed, in combination with estradiol, for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. The pharmacological characteristics of trimegestone have been evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo test systems, and compared with reference progestins. Interaction with hormonal steroid receptors from animal tissues and with human recombinant receptors in vitro has demonstrated that trimegestone has a high specificity and potency for the progesterone receptor, no affinity for the estrogen receptor, and weak affinity for androgen, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. With respect to progestomimetic activity in vivo, trimegestone was more potent than reference progestins in the endometrial transformation test in the rabbit, preventing the uterotrophic effect of estradiol in the immature mouse bioassay, and had more effect on traumatic deciduoma formation and greater oral antiovulatory activity in the rat. In vivo, trimegestone effectively maintained pregnancy in the rat, but was devoid of any uterotrophic activity. Trimegestone showed no androgenic, glucocorticoid, antiglucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid activity, but did show some antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid activity at higher doses. Administration of trimegestone to ovariectomized rats, in combination with estradiol, inhibited the uterotrophic effects of estradiol. At doses up to 1 mg/kg intravenously and 30 mg/kg orally, trimegestone was not associated with any unwanted pharmacological effects. Overall, the results show trimegestone to have a favorable pharmacological profile with potent progestomimetic activity.
Hyperpolarizabilities of the nitroanilines and their relations to the excited state dipole moment (1977)

We have measured the second and third order hyperpolarizabilities of the three nitroaniline isomers and of two related molecules. For some isomers the intramolecular charge transfer is found to cause a very large enhancement of the second order polarizabilities. We present a theory relating this contribution to the first excited state of energy, oscillator strength, and dipole moment of the molecules. Experimental results are accounted for with an excellent accuracy.
Inhibition of Attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae by Human Milk and Receptor Oligosaccharides (1986)

Human milk inhibited the attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to human pharyngeal or buccal epithelial cells. Infant formulas and cow and buffalo milk showed a lower inhibitory activity against pneumococci and enhanced the adhesion of H. influenzae. The antiadhesive effect against S. pneumoniae was found in both the high- and the low-molecular-weight fractions of milk. The inhibitory activity in the high-molecular-weight fraction was independent of specific antibody content; it was present after immunoadsorption and in the milk from IgA-deficient women. The inhibitory activity in the low-molecular-weight fraction was in part explained by the content of oligosaccharides corresponding to the carbohydrate moieties of the neolactoseries of glycolipids, which have previously been shown to act as receptors for attaching pneumococci. The antiadhesive activity against H. influenzae was restricted to the high-molecular-weight fraction of the milk and was unaffected by immunoadsorption. Milk may protect against otitis by reducing colonization.