gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Linear Models to Analyze Physicians' Decisions (1988)

Linear models of judgment are powerful tools for studying medical decision making. The recent increase in applications of these models to medicine reflects more available computing resources and the parallel development of clinical prediction rules derived from multivariate analysis of patient data. Psychological research into expert and novice decision making shows that linear models derived from judges' decisions usually predict future decisions more accurately than either the judge or a mechanical application of the judge's stated policies. Studies of medical decision making have shown similar results, as well as marked variation among experts in how they appear to use clinical information. Cognitive feedback, which is feedback to the learner of the judgment model derived from previous decisions, is highly effective for teaching complex judgment tasks. Many technical problems remain to be mastered in constructing linear models of medical judgment. These include how to select the correct variables, how to provide a selection of variables broad enough to accommodate individual variations in strategy, how to model intercorrelated variables, and how to characterize and aggregate individual strategies. Despite the methodologic challenges, linear models remain a powerful method for studying how physicians combine multiple items of imperfect information to make a judgment. These techniques may provide important insights into variation in physician judgments. In addition, they hold promise in teaching the appropriate integration of complex data in the day-to-day practice of medicine.
Optimal Isolation and Xeno-Free Culture Conditions for Limbal Stem Cell Function (2013)

The LSC function can be maintained in vitro under appropriate Xeno-free conditions.
[Substrate properties of C'-methylnucleoside triphosphates in a reaction of RNA synthesis catalyzed by Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase]. (1990)

2 theta-C-methyl substituted and phosphonate analogs of UTP were prepared and together with the synthesized earlier 3'-C-methyl-UTP were investigated in the RNA synthesis reaction catalysed by Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase. Substrate properties of UTP analogs were studied in the presence of all natural triphosphates, in the absence of UTP and under conditions of soil substrate reaction. It was shown that UTP(3'CH3) is incorporated into the RNA chain and terminates further RNA elongation. Another analog UTP (2'CH3) may substitute natural UTP in RNA synthesis, but the effectivity of its incorporation is diminished. Phosphonate analog UTP(5'CH2) is a pseudoterminator of RNA synthesis. The conformational analysis of 2'- and 3'C-methylnucleosides by force-field method of calculation was carried out in order to find energetically forbidden conformations of these analogs due to the collision of bulky methyl group and a heterocyclic base. An attempt was made to fix the conformation of the substrate during its enzymatic transformation.
High-Resolution Imaging of the Middle Ear With Optical Coherence Tomography (2001)

The ability of OCT to produce high-resolution images of tissue structure, without contact and in real time, as well as its ability to be integrated with endoscopes, suggests that this technology could become a useful modality for the diagnosis and management of a range of clinical middle ear abnormalities.
Articular Cartilage Transplantation (1999)

Between December 1983 and August 1991, 55 consecutive patients (55 knees) who underwent articular cartilage transplantation to their damaged knees were enrolled in the study. Average followup was 75 months (range, 11-147 months). Eight-two percent were younger than 45 years of age. Patients were evaluated through an 18-point scale, with 6 points each allocated to pain, range of motion, and function. An excellent knee was pain free, had full range of motion, and permitted unlimited activity. A good knee allowed full time employment and moderate activity. Eleven of 15 (73%) allografts transplanted 10 or more years ago were still good or excellent at the time of last followup. Overall, 45 of 55 (76%) knees that received the transplants were rated good or excellent. Specifically, 36 of 43 (84%) patients with unipolar transplants regained normal use of their resurfaced knee. The results after bipolar resurfacing were less encouraging, with only six of 12 (50%) knees rated good or excellent. The described technique of osteochondral shell allograft resurfacing of the knee capitalize on the different healing potentials of bone and cartilage by transplanting the viable articular cartilage organ in its entirety along with just enough of the underlying bone to allow for graft incorporation through creeping substitution. The results support the use of fresh osteochondral shell allograft transplantation for the treatment of large, full thickness articular cartilage defects to the medial or lateral femoral condyles and to the patella.
Comparison of progestin-based protocols to synchronize estrus and ovulation before fixed-time artificial insemination in postpartum beef cows1 (2007)

This experiment was designed to compare pregnancy rates in postpartum beef cows resulting from fixed-time AI (FTAI) after treatment with 1 of 2 protocols to synchronize estrus and ovulation. Cross-bred, suckled beef cows (n = 650) at 4 locations (n = 210; n = 158; n = 88; and n = 194) were assigned within a location to 1 of 2 protocols within age group by days postpartum and BCS. Cows assigned to the melengestrol acetate (MGA) Select treatment (MGA Select; n = 327) were fed MGA (0.5 mg x head(-1) x d(-1)) for 14 d, GnRH (100 microg of Cystorelin i.m.) was injected on d 26, and prostaglandin F2alpha (PG; 25 mg of Lutalyse i.m.) was injected on d 33. Cows assigned to the CO-Synch + controlled internal drug release (CIDR) protocol (CO-Synch + CIDR; n = 323) were fed a carrier for 14 d, were injected with GnRH and equipped with an EAZI-BREED CIDR insert (1.38 g of progesterone, Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY) 12 d after carrier removal, and PG (25 mg of Lutalyse i.m.) was injected and the CIDR were removed on d 33. Fixed-time AI was performed at 72 or 66 h after PG for the MGA Select or CO-Synch + CIDR groups, respectively. All cows were injected with GnRH (100 microg of Cystorelin i.m.) at the time of insemination. Blood samples were collected 8 and 1 d before the beginning of MGA or carrier to determine estrous cyclicity status of the cows (estrous cycling vs. anestrus) before treatment [progesterone > or = 0.5 ng/mL (MGA Select, 185/327, 57%; CO-Synch + CIDR, 177/323, 55%); P = 0.65]. There was no difference (P = 0.20) in pregnancy rate to FTAI between treatments (MGA Select, 201/327, 61%; CO-Synch + CIDR, 214/323, 66%). There was also no difference (P = 0.25) between treatments in final pregnancy rate at the end of the breeding period (MGA Select, 305/327, 93%; CO-Synch + CIDR, 308/323, 95%). These data indicate that pregnancy rates to FTAI were comparable after administration of the MGA Select or CO-Synch + CIDR protocols. Both protocols provide opportunities for beef producers to utilize AI and potentially eliminate the need to detect estrus.
NONPARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS AND MUMPS MENINGOENCEPHALITIS (1949)

The unequivocal diagnosis of nonparalytic poliomyelitis is difficult to achieve, since its signs and symptoms are often those associated with aseptic meningoencephalitis, and for this syndrome there may be a variety of causative agents. The most direct evidence of nonparalytic poliomyelitis which can be obtained at present consists in the isolation of the virus from the stools or pharyngeal secretions in suspected cases.<sup>1</sup>But the isolation of the agent from such sources cannot be regarded as entirely conclusive, and the procedures involved are intricate, time consuming and expensive. They cannot, therefore, be used as routine. The diagnosis, accordingly, is often made on epidemiologic data taken together with the clinical observations. Epidemiologic evidence, however, is intrinsically circumstantial and hence can be considered only as presumptive in character. In contrast to the agent of poliomyelitis, the role of certain other viruses in aseptic meningoencephalitis may be established more easily by laboratory
Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans -Splicing with Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Partially Restores Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Function to Polarized Human Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells (2005)

We previously reported that spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing (SMaRT), using recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing pre-trans-splicing molecules (PTMs), could partially restore cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel activity to polarized human DeltaF508 CF airway epithelia. Although these studies proved that SMaRT could correct CFTR mRNA defects, recombinant adenoviral infection from the basolateral surface was required because of inefficient infection from the apical membrane. Hence, applications of SMaRT technology for CF gene therapy require further testing with alternative, more clinically viable, vector systems. Furthermore, because recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors have packing limitations with respect to the size of the CFTR transgene insert, SMaRT correction of CFTR has the added attraction of a smaller transgene cassette. In the present study, we investigated whether rAAV vectors could effectively rescue CFTR chloride conductance in polarized human CF airway epithelial cells, using a SMaRT approach. AAV vectors were generated to carry a PTM engineered to bind intron 9 of CFTR pre-mRNA and then trans-splice the normal sequence for human CFTR exons 10-24 into the endogenous pre-mRNA. Human CF polarized airway epithelia were infected from the apical membrane with rAAV2 or rAAV5 CFTR-PTM vectors in the presence of proteasome-modulating agents (doxorubicin and N-acetyl-L-leucinyl-L-leucinyl-L-norleucinal) to enhance transduction. Epithelia were then evaluated for cAMP-sensitive short-circuit currents 2 weeks postinfection. Levels of CFTR correction seen with rAAV2 (1.07 +/- 0.24 microA) and rAAV5 (0.90 +/- 0.20 microA) CFTR-PTM vectors were similar, representing conductance equivalent to 14.2 and 13.6% of that observed in non-CF human polarized epithelia, respectively. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated the existence of wild-type CFTR transcript in CFTR-PTM-corrected epithelia, whereas only DeltaF508 mRNA was detected in polarized cells infected with control rAAV LacZ-PTM vectors. These results provide evidence that rAAV vectors are capable of using SMaRT to correct CFTR function after apical infection of human CF airway epithelia. The ability of CFTR-PTM-mediated correction to maintain endogenous CFTR regulation of the transgene product may further improve the efficacy of gene therapy for CF.
Chemical polysialylation of human recombinant butyrylcholinesterase delivers a long-acting bioscavenger for nerve agents in vivo (2013)

The creation of effective bioscavengers as a pretreatment for exposure to nerve agents is a challenging medical objective. We report a recombinant method using chemical polysialylation to generate bioscavengers stable in the bloodstream. Development of a CHO-based expression system using genes encoding human butyrylcholinesterase and a proline-rich peptide under elongation factor promoter control resulted in self-assembling, active enzyme multimers. Polysialylation gives bioscavengers with enhanced pharmacokinetics which protect mice against 4.2 LD 50 of S -(2-(diethylamino)ethyl) O -isobutyl methanephosphonothioate without perturbation of long-term behavior.
Comparative Physical Properties of Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers (2009)

Combining the objective factors that influence filler performance with clinical experience will provide the patient with the optimal product for achieving the best cosmetic result. A careful review of these gel characteristics is essential in determining filler selection, performance, and patient expectations.
'Wasting away' of the old old: can it--and should it--be treated? (1990)

Asthenia/cachexia, a syndrome which may manifest as a "wasting away," is growing in importance as the number of those ages 75 to 85 and over 85 increases. The syndrome has clearly identifiable laboratory abnormalities, a multitude of etiologic factors, and serious consequences. Accurate diagnosis of the causative agent is often difficult, since asthenia/cachexia is associated with aging, acute disease, and chronic disease. In addition, empiric treatment is often unpleasant and causes grief to families attempting to provide humane care for parents and grandparents at the end of life. The goal of the practitioner is to identify and intervene judiciously in the progressive deterioration of individuals who develop asthenia/cachexia and its complications.
One-Dimensional Colloidal Gold and Silver Nanostructures (2006)

One-dimensional (1-D) metallic nanoscale materials have long been of interest to many groups of scientists. Within the last 2 decades, great advances in the synthesis of metallic nanorods and nanowires have been made, with a variety of templating methods. More recently, bottom-up chemical syntheses of these materials have become increasingly reported in the literature. This Forum Article describes the synthesis, physical properties, and potential applications of 1-D metals, with an emphasis on silver and gold derived from studies in the authors' laboratories.
INHERITANCE OF PER CENT TOTAL ALKALOIDS INNICOTIANA TABACUML. II. GENETIC EFFECTS OF TWO LOCI IN BURLEY 21 × LA BURLEY 21 POPULATIONS (1971)

The genetic effects and the relative contribution of two loci to the level of total alkaloids in burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were determined. The nine genotypes for a two-locus system were developed and evaluated in two environments. Significant additive effects were found at both loci, a dominance effect was significant at one locus, and the additive × additive epistatic effect was significant. All interactions between genetic effects and environments were nonsignificant. The relative dosage effects of the loci were approximately 2.4 to 1.
A perspective on single molecule SERS: current status and future challenges (2008)

We present an overview of a some of the basic principles underlying current research in single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SM-SERS). We summarize, by the same token, a series of conditions and characteristics that are common to most SM-SERS conditions, and discuss their implications for the understanding of data and for the comparison among different methods. We try to emphasize aspects of the problem that are not conventionally discussed in detail in the literature. In particular, we provide a full length discussion on the topics of: (i) the minimum SERS enhancement necessary to observe a single molecule, and (ii) the spatial distribution of the enhancement factor (EF) around hot-spots (which affects the statistics of SM-SERS events). A brief outlook into future perspectives of the different techniques used in SM-SERS and a few outstanding questions are also provided.
Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor. (1994)

A novel gene coding for the pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF) has been isolated from a human peripheral blood lymphocyte cDNA library. The expression of this gene is induced by pokeweed mitogen and superinduced by cycloheximide. It is also induced in the T-lymphoblastoid cell line HUT 78 after phorbol ester (phorbol myristate acetate) treatment. The predominant mRNA for PBEF is approximately 2.4 kb long and codes for a 52-kDa secreted protein. The 3' untranslated region of the mRNA has multiple TATT motifs, usually found in cytokine and oncogene messages. The PBEF gene is mainly transcribed in human bone marrow, liver tissue, and muscle. We have expressed PBEF in COS 7 and PA317 cells and have tested the biological activities of the conditioned medium as well as the antibody-purified protein in different in vitro assays. PBEF itself had no activity but synergized the pre-B-cell colony formation activity of stem cell factor and interleukin 7. In the presence of PBEF, the number of pre-B-cell colonies was increased by at least 70% above the amount stimulated by stem cell factor plus interleukin 7. No effect of PBEF was found with cells of myeloid or erythroid lineages. These data define PBEF as a novel cytokine which acts on early B-lineage precursor cells.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 Induces Insulin Release in the Rat (1997)

Injections of human insulin-like growth factor binding protein (hIGFBP-1) are reported to induce hyperglycemia in the rat, suggesting that IGFBP-1 acutely regulates glucose homeostasis. We now report the effects on glucose and insulin levels of administering recombinant (r) hIGFBP-1. In a series of studies, normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic male Wistar rats (180-210 g), fasted for 6 or 16 h, were injected with rhIGFBP-1 (i.v., 80-500 microg/rat). rhIGFBP-1 did not affect blood glucose acutely but did stimulate insulin release in normal rats (5 min post injection; PBS, 103.5 +/- 8.5; rhIGFBP-1 (500 microg), 166.8 +/- 15.7; rhIGFBP-1 (100 microg); 151.4 +/- 14.1% initial). rhIGFBP-1 pretreatment, in normal and diabetic rats, reduced the hypoglycemic response to rhIGF-I (diabetic rats after 20 min: PBS, 103.4 +/- 11.4; BP-1 (500 microg) +/- rhIGF-I (50 microg), 97.6 +/- 3.6; rhIGF-I, 48.2 +/- 4.3% initial) but did not affect the hypoglycemic response to des(1-3)IGF-I or insulin (0.5 U/kg). These studies show that rhIGFBP-1 causes insulin release, has a minimal effect on blood glucose, and inhibits the hypoglycemic effect of rhIGF-I. These data suggest that endogenous IGF-I tonically suppresses insulin secretion and imply that aberrant IGFBP levels or reduced IGF-I bioactivity may lead to chronic hyperinsulinemia.
All-optical TDM to WDM conversion in a semiconductoroptical amplifier (1994)

The authors report the first demonstration of all-optical time division multiplexing (TDM) to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) conversion based on four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier. A 700 Mbit/s TDM bit stream at one wavelength has been converted to two 350 Mbit/s WDM bit streams at two wavelengths spaced by 4 nm. Observed bit error rates are less than 10-9.
The role of matrix vesicles in growth plate development and biomineralization (2005)

Skeletal cells control the initiation of mineralization in vivo and determine the selective distribution pattern of mineralization by releasing calcification-initiating, submicroscopic, extracellular matrix vesicles (MVs) at selected sites in the extracellular matrix. The overall objective of this review is to outline what is currently known about the mechanisms of MV biogenesis and mineral initiation, while emphasizing recent observations that enhance our understanding of these mechanisms. Data from studies on the general mechanism of biogenesis of outer membrane vesicles and the formation and function of non-skeletal matrix vesicles is presented to stimulate thought concerning the possible biological functions that these structures may share with MVs.
Synthetic Peptide Antisera: Their Production and Use in the Cloning of Matrix Proteins (1989)

Small amounts (0.1-1.0 nmole) of purified (greater than 90%) proteins isolated from small quantities of connective tissues can readily be microsequenced and 20 to 40 N-terminal amino acids determined. A synthetic peptide (10 or more amino acids long) can be produced and either injected directly into rabbits for antiserum production (generally peptides greater than 20 amino acids in length) or conjugated to a carrier protein prior to injection. The antisera have proven useful in the isolation of cDNA clones, for both locating clones producing the protein in expression libraries and in the subsequent confirmation of the sequence (preferably using a part of the sequence not directly used in the production of the original antiserum).
Evaluation of Salmonella Porins as a Broad Spectrum Vaccine Candidate (1994)

Porins were prepared from smooth strain of Salmonella typhi 0-901 and chemotype of rough mutant of S. typhimurium Ra-30. Mice were immunized with both the porin preparations in different groups and challenged with S. typhimurium LT2-71 and S. enteritidis SH-1269. Porin immunized mice showed significant protection (P < 0.01) against challenge with homologous as well as heterologous strains. Hence, the use of porins may be attempted in future to protect against salmonellosis.
Influence of lactation parameters on the N-glycosylation of recombinant human C1 inhibitor isolated from the milk of transgenic rabbits (2004)

The large-scale production of recombinant biopharmaceutical glycoproteins in the milk of transgenic animals is becoming more widespread. However, in comparison with bacterial, plant cell, or cell culture production systems, little is known about the glycosylation machinery of the mammary gland, and hence on the glycosylation of recombinant glycoproteins produced in transgenic animals. Here the influence is presented of several lactation parameters on the N-glycosylation of recombinant C1 inhibitor (rhC1INH), a human serum glycoprotein, expressed in the milk of transgenic rabbits. Enzymatically released N-glycans of series of rhC1INH samples were fluorescently labeled and fractionated by HPLC. The major N-glycan structures on rhC1INH of pooled rabbit milk were similar to those on native human C1 inhibitor and recombinant human C1 inhibitor produced in transgenic mouse milk, with only the degree of sialylation and core fucosylation being lower. Analyses of individual animals furthermore showed slight interindividual differences; a decrease in the extent of sialylation, core fucosylation, and oligomannose-type glycosylation with the progress of lactation; and a positive correlation between expression level and oligomannose-type N-glycan content. However, when large quantities of rhC1INH were isolated for preclinical and clinical studies, highly consistent N-linked glycan profiles and monosaccharide compositions were found.
Mast cells express tyrosine hydroxylase and store dopamine in a serglycin-dependent manner (2011)

Here we show that mast cells contain dopamine and that mast cell activation causes dopamine depletion, indicating its presence within secretory granules. Dopamine storage increased during mast cell maturation from bone marrow precursors, and was dependent on the presence of serglycin. Moreover, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the key enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, was induced during mast cell maturation; histidine decarboxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 were also induced. Mast cell activation caused a robust induction of histidine decarboxylase, but no stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase or tryptophan hydroxylase 1 expression. The present study points toward a possible role of dopamine in mast cell function.