gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The actin cytoskeleton is important for the stimulation of cholesterol esterification by atherogenic lipoproteins in macrophages. (1994)

Stimulation of intracellular cholesterol esterification, which is catalyzed by the enzyme acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT), by atherogenic lipoproteins in macrophages is a key step in the ability of these cells to store lipoprotein-cholesterol and in the eventual development of atheroma foam cells. Herein, we provide evidence that the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in the stimulation of cholesterol esterification by atherogenic lipoproteins in macrophages. When the actin cytoskeleton of cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages was disrupted by treatment with cytochalasin D or Clostridial C2 toxin, the ability of beta very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) to stimulate cholesterol esterification was decreased 3-6-fold, even under conditions in which beta-VLDL protein degradation, cholesteryl ester hydrolysis, or net cholesterol delivery to the cells was matched. Esterification of cellular phospholipids and triglycerides was not affected by this treatment. Cytochalasin D treatment of macrophages also inhibited the ability of acetyl-low density lipoprotein, another foam cell-forming lipoprotein, to stimulate cholesterol esterification, but stimulation of cholesterol esterification by 25-hydroxycholesterol was not inhibited by cytochalasin D. Cytochalasin D was found to inhibit neither the exit of beta-VLDL-derived cholesterol from lysosomes nor the ability of beta-VLDL to down-regulate endogenous cholesterol synthesis. From these data we conclude that an intact actin cytoskeleton is necessary for efficient stimulation of cholesterol esterification by atherogenic lipoproteins in macrophages. Although the exact function of actin in the cholesterol esterification pathway remains to be determined, our data rule out a general role for actin in intracellular cholesterol trafficking or maintenance of ACAT enzyme activity. Rather, we speculate that actin filaments play a role in specific cellular entry processes of atherogenic lipoproteins and/or in establishing transport or contact between the plasma membrane cholesterol substrate pool and the ACAT enzyme in macrophages.
Leprosy in South Africa: A Case Study of Westfort Leper Institution, 1898–19481 (2006)

Seven miles west of Pretoria, South Africa's administrative capital, on a tract of 1,200 acres of semi-arid land lie the remains of the Westfort Leper Institution.3 When the institution opened in t...
Nanosampling via Internal Reflection Spectroscopy (1987)

Internal reflection spectroscopy has a number of advantages over other spectroscopic techniques. It can be used with liquid or solid samples, and little or no sample preparation is required. Since it is necessary only to bring the sample in contact with the sampling surface of an internal reflection element (IRE), sample handling is much simpler than it is for other techniques. This is especially important for very small samples (e.g., microgram and nanogram quantities), for which there is currently very wide interest. Furthermore, it has been shown that the interaction of the light (electromagnetic wave), under the right conditions, is stronger for internal reflection than it is for transmission or external specular reflection. Therefore, because of the above-mentioned advantages, internal reflection is the preferred method of micro- and nanosampling.
Theoretical study of dual-resonant frequency and circular polarization of elliptical microstrip antennas (2002)

A simple and accurate technique is presented for calculating the dual-resonant frequency f/sup e.0//sub 11/ of the dominant even and odd modes and for predicting the existence of circular polarizations (CPs) of elliptical microstrip antennas (EMAs). The dual-resonant frequency f/sub 11//sup e.0/ can be achieved by feeding the elliptical patch at M or N point as presented. In this paper, to get improved dual-resonant frequency f/sub 11//sup e.0/, the effective semi-major axis u/sub ui/ is taken into account in evaluation. The elliptical microstrip antennas (EMAs) with small values of eccentricity have been employed to produce circular polarizations (CPs) with the use of single feed (M or N) point The comparison between calculated and measured dual-resonant frequency f/sub 11//sup e.0/ demonstrates that the present technique provides less than 1% errors for two different thicknesses of dielectric substrate with low relative permittivity (/spl epsiv//sub r/=2.48). Generally, the technique calculates the dual-resonant frequency f/sub 11//sup e.0/ of elliptical microstrip antennas (EMAs) as accurately as possible with the tolerance range of the antenna structure's electrical and physical parameters. The present dual-resonant frequency f/sub 11//sup e.0/ is useful for application of elliptical microstrip antenna (EMA) designs with simple closed-form formula. The existence of circular polarization can be demonstrated by axial ratio (AR) as presented.
First results of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on sapphire substrate using an argon-ion implant-isolation technology (2005)

AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are realized on a sapphire substrate without a field plate for power applications at microwave frequencies using a new Ar+ ions implant-isolation technology. The first results obtained are very good in terms of device isolation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 311–315, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20974
Inhibition of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c3 activation attenuates acute lung injury and pulmonary edema in murine models of sepsis (2018)

Specific therapies targeting cellular and molecular events of sepsis induced Acute Lung Injury (ALI) pathogenesis are lacking. We have reported a pivotal role for Nuclear Factors of Activated T cells (NFATc3) in regulating macrophage phenotype during sepsis induced ALI and subsequent studies demonstrate that NFATc3 transcriptionally regulates macrophage CCR2 and TNFα gene expression. Mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell monolayer maintained a tighter barrier function when co-cultured with LPS stimulated NFATc3 deficient macrophages whereas wild type macrophages caused leaky monolayer barrier. More importantly, NFATc3 deficient mice showed decreased neutrophilic lung inflammation, improved alveolar capillary barrier function, arterial oxygen saturation and survival benefit in lethal CLP sepsis mouse models. In addition, survival of wild type mice subjected to the lethal CLP sepsis was not improved with broad-spectrum antibiotics, whereas the survival of NFATc3 deficient mice was improved to 40-60% when treated with imipenem. Passive adoptive transfer of NFATc3 deficient macrophages conferred protection against LPS induced ALI in wild type mice. Furthermore, CP9-ZIZIT, a highly potent, cell-permeable peptide inhibitor of Calcineurin inhibited NFATc3 activation. CP9-ZIZIT effectively reduced sepsis induced inflammatory cytokines and pulmonary edema in mice. Thus, this study demonstrates that inhibition of NFATc3 activation by CP9-ZIZIT provides a potential therapeutic option for attenuating sepsis induced ALI/pulmonary edema.
Glucose metabolism in mouse pancreatic islets (1970)

1. Rates of glucose oxidation, lactate output and the intracellular concentration of glucose 6-phosphate were measured in mouse pancreatic islets incubated in vitro. 2. Glucose oxidation rate, measured as the formation of (14)CO(2) from [U-(14)C]glucose, was markedly dependent on extracellular glucose concentration. It was especially sensitive to glucose concentrations between 1 and 2mg/ml. Glucose oxidation was inhibited by mannoheptulose and glucosamine but not by phlorrhizin, 2-deoxyglucose or N-acetylglucosamine. Glucose oxidation was slightly stimulated by tolbutamide but was not significantly affected by adrenaline, diazoxide or absence of Ca(2+) (all of which may inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin release), by arginine or glucagon (which may stimulate insulin release) or by cycloheximide (which may inhibit insulin synthesis). 3. Rates of lactate formation were dependent on the extracellular glucose concentration and were decreased by glucosamine though not by mannoheptulose; tolbutamide increased the rate of lactate output. 4. Islet glucose 6-phosphate concentration was also markedly dependent on extracellular glucose concentration and was diminished by mannoheptulose or glucosamine; tolbutamide and glucagon were without significant effect. Mannose increased islet fructose 6-phosphate concentration but had little effect on islet glucose 6-phosphate concentration. Fructose increased islet glucose 6-phosphate concentration but to a much smaller extent than did glucose. 5. [1-(14)C]Mannose and [U-(14)C]fructose were also oxidized by islets but less rapidly than glucose. Conversion of [1-(14)C]mannose into [1-(14)C]glucose 6-phosphate or [1-(14)C]glucose could not be detected. It is concluded that metabolism of mannose is associated with poor equilibration between fructose 6-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. 6. These results are consistent with the idea that glucose utilization in mouse islets may be limited by the rate of glucose phosphorylation, that mannoheptulose and glucosamine may inhibit glucose phosphorylation and that effects of glucose on insulin release may be mediated through metabolism of the sugar.
인공지능 : 모멘트를 이용한 Support Vector Machines 의 학습성능개선 (2000)

본 논문에서는 기울기상승법에서 해의 변화에 과거의 속성을 반영하는 모멘트 항을 추가한 수정된 kernel-adatron 알고리즘을 제안하고 이를 support vector machines의 학습기법으로 이용하였다. 이는 기울기상승법에서 일어나는 최적해로의 수렴에 따른 발진을 억제하여 그 수렴속도를 좀 더 개선시키는 모멘트의 장점과 kernel-adatron 알고리즘의 구현 용이성을 그대로 살리기 위함이다. 제안된 학습기법의 SVM을 임의의 18개 데이터 비선형 분류문제와 200명의 암환자를 2부류(초기와 악성)로 분류하는 문제에 적용하여 시뮬레이션한 결과, 기존의 QP와 Campbell 등의 kernel-adatron 알고리즘을 이용한 SVM에 의한 결과와 각각 비교할 때 학습시간과 시험 데이터의 분류률에서 더욱 우수한 성능이 있음을 확인하였다.
Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. (1992)

We present here a framework for the study of molecular variation within a single species. Information on DNA haplotype divergence is incorporated into an analysis of variance format, derived from a matrix of squared-distances among all pairs of haplotypes. This analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) produces estimates of variance components and F-statistic analogs, designated here as phi-statistics, reflecting the correlation of haplotypic diversity at different levels of hierarchical subdivision. The method is flexible enough to accommodate several alternative input matrices, corresponding to different types of molecular data, as well as different types of evolutionary assumptions, without modifying the basic structure of the analysis. The significance of the variance components and phi-statistics is tested using a permutational approach, eliminating the normality assumption that is conventional for analysis of variance but inappropriate for molecular data. Application of AMOVA to human mitochondrial DNA haplotype data shows that population subdivisions are better resolved when some measure of molecular differences among haplotypes is introduced into the analysis. At the intraspecific level, however, the additional information provided by knowing the exact phylogenetic relations among haplotypes or by a nonlinear translation of restriction-site change into nucleotide diversity does not significantly modify the inferred population genetic structure. Monte Carlo studies show that site sampling does not fundamentally affect the significance of the molecular variance components. The AMOVA treatment is easily extended in several different directions and it constitutes a coherent and flexible framework for the statistical analysis of molecular data.
Tuning database configuration parameters with iTuned (2009)

Database systems have a large number of configuration parameters that control memory distribution, I/O optimization, costing of query plans, parallelism, many aspects of logging, recovery, and other behavior. Regular users and even expert database administrators struggle to tune these parameters for good performance. The wave of research on improving database manageability has largely overlooked this problem which turns out to be hard to solve. We describe iTuned, a tool that automates the task of identifying good settings for database configuration parameters. iTuned has three novel features: (i) a technique called Adaptive Sampling that proactively brings in appropriate data through planned experiments to find high-impact parameters and high-performance parameter settings, (ii) an executor that supports online experiments in production database environments through a cycle-stealing paradigm that places near-zero overhead on the production workload; and (iii) portability across different database systems. We show the effectiveness of iTuned through an extensive evaluation based on different types of workloads, database systems, and usage scenarios.
Antiretroviral Therapy Restores Diversity in the T-Cell Receptor Vβ Repertoire of CD4 T-Cell Subpopulations among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Children and Adolescents (2009)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection perturbs the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta repertoire. The TCR CDR3 length diversity of individual Vbeta families was examined within CD45RA and CD45RO CD4 T cells to assess the impact of the virus on clonality throughout CD4 T-cell activation and differentiation. A cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study of 13 HIV-infected and 8 age-matched healthy children and adolescents examined the Vbeta CDR3 length profiles within CD4 T-cell subsets by the use of spectratyping. HIV-infected subjects demonstrated higher numbers of perturbations in CD4 CD45RA T cells (5.8 +/- 4.9 Vbeta families) than healthy individuals (1.6 +/- 1.8 Vbeta families) (P = 0.04). Surprisingly, CD4 CD45RO central memory T cells from infected subjects showed no increased perturbations compared to the perturbations for the same cells from healthy subjects (2.9 +/- 3.1 and 1.1 +/- 1.8 Vbeta families, respectively; P = 0.11). CD4 CD45RA TCR perturbations were higher among infected subjects with >25% CD4 cells than healthy subjects (mean number of perturbed Vbeta families, 6.6 +/- 5.4; P = 0.04). No correlations between perturbations in CD4 subsets and pretherapy age or viral load were evident. In contrast to CD8 T cells, HIV induces TCR disruptions within CD45RA but not CD45RO CD4 T cells. Therapy-induced viral suppression resulted in increases in thymic output and the normalization of the diversity of TCR within CD45RA CD4 T cells after 2 months of treatment. Perturbations occur prior to CD4 T-cell attrition and normalize with effective antiretroviral therapy. The impact of HIV on the diversity of TCR within naïve, central memory, and effector memory CD4 T cells is distinctly different from that in CD8 T cells.
Kinetics of Phase Decomposition in MAX Phases - A Comparative Diffraction Study (2011)

The susceptibility of MAX phases to thermal dissociation at 1300-1550 °C in high vacuum has been studied using in-situ neutron diffraction. Above 1400 °C, MAX phases decomposed to binary carbide (e.g. TiC x) or binary nitride (e.g. TiN x), primarily through the sublimation of A-elements such as Al or Si, which results in a porous surface layer of MXx being formed. Positive activation energies were determined for the decomposition of MAX phases except for Ti 3AlC 2 where negative activation energy of 71.9 kJ mol -1 was obtained due to formation of fine pores on TiC x. The kinetics of isothermal phase decomposition at 1550 °C was modelled using a modified Avrami equation. An Avrami exponent (n) of &lt; 1.0 was determined, indicative of the highly restricted diffusion of Al or Si between the channels of M 6X octahedra. The characteristics of thermal stability and phase transition are discussed.
Development of CGRP antagonists for the treatment of migraine. (2001)

Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorders, involving periodical attacks of headache and nausea as well as a plethora of other symptoms. Although considerable progress has been made, the pathophysiology of migraine is still not understood. However, several observations point to an involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Migraine headache involves the activation of the trigeminal system and dilatation of cranial vessels. CGRP is localized to neurons in the trigeminal ganglia and CGRP levels are increased during a migraine attack, presumably causing the vasodilation observed. Accordingly, it is conceivable that inhibition of CGRP-evoked dilatation of the cranial vessels may provide a novel treatment for migraine headache. The non-peptidic CGRP antagonist BIBN-4096BS (Boehringer Ingelheim) is presently under clinical investigation to assess the importance of CGRP in migraine headache and to answer the question of whether the concept of CGRP antagonists may offer advantages, e.g., higher efficacy, lower recurrence rate or improved side-effect profile, compared to the currently used antimigraine drugs.
Report of the STEP '97 Workshop on Net-Centric Computing (1997)

Abstract : As part of the STEP '97 conference, workshop W2b, Net-Centric Computing, was held on Thursday, July 17, 1997. Through focused presentations and open discussion, this workshop explored net-centric computing and its potential impact on software users, application developers, and system administrators. This report describes the STEP '97 conference, overviews the Net-Centric Computing workshop, and provides a summary of the invited presentations.
Determination of cholesterol oxidation products in milk powder and infant formulas by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (2000)

In this paper a method for the cholesterol oxidation products (oxysterols) determination in milk powder and infant formulas has been presented. In the sample preparation step lipids transesterification has been performed. The recoveries of oxysterols have been determined and ranged from 94.2% to 99.9% for all but 20a-hydroxy cholesterol (74.2%). Detection limits were 0.018-0.034 ppm and the relative standard deviations (RSD) values were 4.6%-18.3%. The method has been utilized for the determination of oxysterols in milk-based infant formulas and milk powder available on the market. The concentration of oxysterols was between 0.04 and 4.20 ppm of a lipid extract fraction.
The ankyrin repeat as molecular architecture for protein recognition (2004)

The ankyrin repeat is one of the most frequently observed amino acid motifs in protein databases. This protein-protein interaction module is involved in a diverse set of cellular functions, and consequently, defects in ankyrin repeat proteins have been found in a number of human diseases. Recent biophysical, crystallographic, and NMR studies have been used to measure the stability and define the various topological features of this motif in an effort to understand the structural basis of ankyrin repeat-mediated protein-protein interactions. Characterization of the folding and assembly pathways suggests that ankyrin repeat domains generally undergo a two-state folding transition despite their modular structure. Also, the large number of available sequences has allowed the ankyrin repeat to be used as a template for consensus-based protein design. Such projects have been successful in revealing positions responsible for structure and function in the ankyrin repeat as well as creating a potential universal scaffold for molecular recognition.
Immune mechanisms of vaccine induced protection against chronic hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees (2015)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by a high propensity for development of life-long viral persistence. An estimated 170 million people suffer from chronic hepatitis caused by HCV. Currently, there is no approved prophylactic HCV vaccine available. With the near disappearance of the most relevant animal model for HCV, the chimpanzee, we review the progression that has been made regarding prophylactic vaccine development against HCV. We describe the results of the individual vaccine evaluation experiments in chimpanzees, in relation to what has been observed in humans. The results of the different studies indicate that partial protection against infection can be achieved, but a clear correlate of protection has thus far not yet been defined.
Phase I study of picoplatin and docetaxel (D) with prednisone (P) in patients (pts) with chemotherapy-naive metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) (2007)

15546 Background: Picoplatin is a sterically hindered platinum analogue specifically developed to overcome platinum resistance and to improve on the safety and efficacy of other platinum-based drugs. In &gt;600 pts, picoplatin had single-agent activity in prostate, lung, ovarian and other malignancies with rare clinically significant nephro-, oto-, or neurotoxicity (∼2% grade 3 and 0% grade 4), even in platinum pretreated pts. An objective response rate of 20% and a PSA response rate of 25% were observed following 120 mg/m 2 picoplatin q 3 wk in 20 chemotherapy-naïve pts with HRPC. D + P leads to superior survival, increased PSA response and improved quality of life in HRPC pts. Picoplatin has demonstrated synergy with taxanes in pre-clinical studies. Thus the current study is designed to investigate D + P + picoplatin in chemotherapy-naïve pts with metastatic HRPC. Methods: Pts with documented progression of metastatic disease during adequate hormonal therapy, ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 and preserved organ function received D, 60 mg/m 2 q 3 wks + P, 5 mg, po bid + picoplatin. Picoplatin has been given to date to sequential cohorts of subjects at 60 mg/m 2 , 80 mg/m 2 and 100 mg/m 2 . Results: 16 pts have been enrolled and have received up to 8 cycles of therapy. Therapy has been well tolerated. No dose limiting toxicity has been observed. Dose reduction for thrombocytopenia has been required in 1 pt, but there has been no cumulative myelotoxity. 7 pts in the first 3 dose cohorts have been evaluated for efficacy after 4 cycles (12 weeks): at doses below the maximum tolerated dose, there were 3 PSA responses and 1 objective partial response. Dose escalation continues. Conclusion: Picoplatin can be safely administered with D + P in chemo-naïve pts with HRPC. A phase 2 study of this combination will begin when an optimal, safe dose is defined. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Millimeter-wave Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ optical modulators (1998)

The design, fabrication, and characteristics of ridged Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ optical modulators that work in the millimeter-wave region are presented. A new concept of design under velocity matching is demonstrated for the proposed modulator. It has been shown by calculation that impedance matching is achieved and conductor loss is greatly reduced under velocity matching with wider gaps and a thicker coplanar waveguide electrode in conjunction with a ridge structure. Two types of Mach-Zehnder optical intensity modulators for the wavelength of 1.5 /spl mu/m are developed. A fully packaged module for 40 Gb/s transmission with a half-wave voltage of 3.5 V and a broadband modulator responsible up to 100 GHz with a half-wave voltage of 5.1 V.
Chromosomal localization of human p85 alpha, a subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and its homologue p85 beta. (1992)

The human phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase p85 alpha subunit gene and its homologue p85 beta were assigned to human chromosomes by analysis of their segregation in a panel of somatic cell hybrids using human-specific polymerase chain reaction primers. The p85 alpha locus was only present in hybrids retaining the human chromosome 5q. The presence of the p85 beta locus coincided with the presence of chromosome 19. The precise chromosomal sublocalization of these two genes was then determined by in situ hybridization. We confirmed the localization of the p85 alpha gene at 5q12-q13, as recently described (Cannizzaro, L.A., Skolnik, E.Y., Margolis, B., Croce, C.M., Schlesinger, J. & Huebner, K. (1991). Cancer Res., 51, 3818-3820) and positioned the p85 beta locus at 19q13.2-q13.4.