gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isoform-specific amino-terminal domains dictate DNA-binding properties of ROR alpha, a novel family of orphan hormone nuclear receptors. (1994)

Three isoforms of a novel member of the steroid hormone nuclear receptor superfamily related to the retinoic acid receptors have been identified. The three isoforms, referred to as ROR alpha 1, ROR alpha 2, and ROR alpha 3, share common DNA- and putative ligand-binding domains but are characterized by distinct amino-terminal domains generated by alternative RNA processing. An exon encoding a functionally important subregion of the amino-terminal domain of the ROR alpha 2 isoform resides on the opposite strand of a cytochrome c-processed pseudogene. Binding site selection using in vitro-synthesized proteins reveals that the ROR alpha 1 and ROR alpha 2 isoforms bind DNA as monomers to hormone response elements composed of a 6-bp AT-rich sequence preceding a half-site core motif PuGGTCA (RORE). However, ROR alpha 1 and ROR alpha 2 display different binding specificities: ROR alpha 1 binds to and constitutively activates transcription from a large subset of ROREs, whereas ROR alpha 2 recognizes ROREs with strict specificity and displays weaker transcriptional activity. The differential DNA-binding activity of each isoform maps to their respective amino-terminal domains. Whereas truncation of the amino-terminal domain diminishes the ability of ROR alpha 1 to bind DNA, a similar deletion relaxes ROR alpha 2-binding specificity to that displayed by ROR alpha 1. Remarkably, transfer of the entire amino-terminal region of ROR alpha 1 or amino-terminal deletion of ROR alpha 2 confers RORE-binding specificities to heterologous receptors. These results demonstrate that the amino-terminal domain and the zinc finger region work in concert to confer high affinity and specific DNA-binding properties to the ROR isoforms and suggest a novel strategy to control DNA-binding activity of nuclear receptors.
The Effects of an Interspinous Implant on the Kinematics of the Instrumented and Adjacent Levels in the Lumbar Spine (2003)

The implant does not significantly alter the kinematics of the motion segments adjacent to the instrumented level.
A total synthesis of (.+-.)-warburganal. (1980)

A total synthesis of (±)-warburganal has been completed starting from (±)-isodrimenin and other drimane-type compounds. 11, 12-Diacetoxy-drim-8-ene (9), which can be readily obtained from the above starting compounds, was converted to the 7-oxo derivative (7). Treatment of 7 with 30% H2O2 followed by NH2NH2·H2O promoted reductive opening of the resulting keto epoxide group to afford the trialcohol (11). Selective silylation of the allylic primary alcohol in 11 with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride followed by protection of the α-glycol with N, N'-carbonyldiimidazole afforded the carbonate (14). Desilylation of 14 and subsequent oxidation of the allyl alcohol moiety afforded 16. Protection of the aldehyde followed by base-induced deprotection of the glycol afforded 18, which was subjected to Moffatt oxidation to give 19. Treatment of 19 with p-TsOH-acetone afforded (±)-warburganal.
Automatic detection of aortic dissection in contrast-enhanced CT (2017)

Aortic dissection is a condition in which a tear in the inner wall of the aorta allows blood to flow between two layers of the aortic wall. Aortic dissection is associated with severe chest pain and can be deadly. Contrast-enhanced CT is the main modality for detection of aortic dissection. Aortic dissection is one of the target abnormalities during evaluation of a triple rule-out CT in emergency cases. In this paper, we present a method for automatic patient-level detection of aortic dissection. Our algorithm starts by an atlas-based segmentation of the aorta which is used to produce cross-sectional images of the organ. Segmentation refinement, flap detection and shape analysis are employed to detect aortic dissection in these cross-sectional slices. Then, the slice-level results are aggregated to render a patient-level detection result. We tested our algorithm on a data set of 37 contrast-enhanced CT volumes, with 13 cases of aortic dissection. We achieved an accuracy of 83.8%, a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 83.3%.
TNP-470: an angiogenesis inhibitor in clinical development for cancer (2000)

TNP-470, an analogue of fumagillin, has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In 1992, TNP-470 entered clinical development for cancer as an anti-angiogenic agent. It is currently in Phase I/II trials in Kaposi's sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, brain cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and prostate cancer. In early clinical reports, TNP-470 is tolerated up to 177 mg/m(2) with neurotoxic effects (fatigue, vertigo, ataxia, and loss of concentration) being the principal dose limiting toxicity (DLT). Terminal half-life values are short and have shown intermittent and intrapatient variation (range: 0.05 - 1.07 h). Recently, mechanistic studies have identified cell cycle mediators and the protein methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP-2) as molecular targets of TNP-470 and fumagillin. Animal studies confirm some toxic effects on normal angiogenic processes such as the female reproductive system and wound healing, which will require caution and close monitoring in the clinic. TNP-470 is one of the first anti-angiogenic compounds to enter clinical trials, making it a valuable prototype for future trials of angiogenesis inhibitors in oncology.
Clinical Applications of Dendritic Cell Cancer Vaccines (1999)

It has been more than 100 years since Dr. William B. Coley reported the regression of tumors in some patients who had been injected with bacterial extracts [1]. Since this early exercise in cancer vaccination, clinicians and scientists have attempted to harness the immune system to mediate the rejection of tumors in vivo. Because of many important recent discoveries in immunology and tumor cell biology, we now have the exciting opportunity to explore the therapeutic potentials of novel cancer vaccines.
Reaction of 6-aminouracils with ketenethioacetals. (1984)

Reaction of ketenethioacetals [methyl 2-cyano-3, 3-bis (methylthio) acrylate (2), 3, 3-bis-(methylthio)-2-phenylsulfonylacrylonitrile (13)] with 6-aminouracils (1a : R1=R2=Me, 1b : R1=Ph, R2=H) in the presence of potassium carbonate followed by cyclization under reflux in diphenyl ether gave the corresponding 5-amino-6-methoxycarbonyl-7-methylthiopyrido [2, 3-d]-pyrimidine-2, 4 (1H, 3H)-dione derivatives (4a, b). Reaction of other ketenethioacetals [2-cyano-3, 3-bis (methylthio) acrylonitrile (10), dimethyl bis (methylthio) methylenemalonate (18), α-oxo ketenethioacetals (21a-e)] with 1 directly afforded pyrido [2, 3-d] pyrimidine derivatives (11a, b, 20a, b, 23a-e) in good yields. 5-Amino-7-methylthiopyrimido [4, 5-d] pyrimidine-2, 4 (1H, 3H)-dione derivatives (16a-c) were also synthesized from 6-aminouracils (1a, b) and dimethyl cyanoimidodithiocarbonate (15) in a manner similar to that used for the preparation of compound 11a.
Optically pumped blue organic semiconductor lasers (1998)

Lasing at 460, 485, and 510 nm is demonstrated in optically pumped, vacuum-deposited amorphous thin films of a carbazole derivative doped with Coumarin 47, perylene, and Coumarin 30, respectively. Efficient, nonradiative Förster energy transfer between host and dopant organic molecules results in low lasing thresholds (5 μJ/cm2), high differential quantum efficiencies (15%), high peak output powers (20 W), and long operational lifetimes (&amp;gt;105 pulses at 100 times the threshold power).
Provably Secure Timed-Release Public Key Encryption (2008)

A timed-release cryptosystem allows a sender to encrypt a message so that only the intended recipient can read it only after a specified time. We formalize the concept of a secure timed-release public-key cryptosystem and show that, if a third party is relied upon to guarantee decryption after the specified date, this concept is equivalent to identity-based encryption; this explains the observation that all known constructions use identity-based encryption to achieve timed-release security. We then give several provably-secure constructions of timed-release encryption: a generic scheme based on any identity-based encryption scheme, and two more efficient schemes based on the existence of cryptographically admissible bilinear mappings. The first of these is essentially as efficient as the Boneh-Franklin Identity-Based encryption scheme, and is provably secure and authenticated in the random oracle model; the final scheme is not authenticated but is provably secure in the standard model (i.e., without random oracles).
Angiotensin(1–7) potentiates bradykinin-induced vasodilatation in man (2001)

Ang(1-7) potentiates the vasodilating effect of bradykinin, possibly through a mechanism(s) involving nitric oxide release, in human forearm resistance vessels.
Covalent Sidewall Functionalization of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

Alkyllithium reagents may be used to attach alkyl groups to the sidewalls of fluoro nanotubes. Thermal gravimetric analysis combined with UV-vis-Nir spectroscopy has been used to provide a quantitative measure of the degree of functionalization. SWNTs prepared using the HiPco process exhibit a higher degree of alkylation than SWNTs from the laser-oven method, indicating that the smaller diameter fluoro tubes are alkylated more readily. The spectral signature of the pristine SWNTs can be regenerated when the alkylated SWNTs are heated in Ar at 500 degrees C, demonstrating that dealkylation occurs at this temperature. TGA-MS analysis using a sample of n-butylated h-SWNTs showed that 1-butene and n-butane are formed during thermolysis.
N-(Iodoacetyl)-p-phenylenediamine-EDTA: A reagent for high-efficiency incorporation of an EDTA-metal complex at a rationally selected site within a protein (1993)

We have developed a highly efficient procedure to incorporate an EDTA:metal complex at a rationally selected site within a full-length protein. Our procedure has two steps: In step one, we use site-directed mutagenesis to introduce a unique solvent-accessible cysteine residue at the site of interest. In step two, we derivatized the resulting protein with N-(iodoacetyl)-p-phenylenediamine-EDTA:metal, a novel haloacetyl derivative of EDTA:metal. We have used this procedure to incorporate each of three EDTA:metal complexes at amino acid 2 of the helix-turn-helix motif of the sequence-specific DNA binding protein Cro: a radioactive and nucleolytic EDTA:metal complex (EDTA:55Fe), a radioactive EDTA:metal complex (EDTA:63Ni), and a fluorescent and heavy-atom EDTA:metal complex (EDTA:Eu). Incorporation of EDTA:metal was highly efficient (> 80% for EDTA:55Fe and EDTA:63Ni; 60% for EDTA:Eu) and highly site-specific (> 99%). We have analyzed DNA affinity cleaving by the Cro derivative having EDTA:55Fe at amino acid 2 of the helix-turn-helix motif. The Cro derivative cleaves DNA at base pairs -4 to 6 of the DNA half site in the protein-DNA complex, indicating that amino acid 2 of the helix-turn-helix motif of Cro is close to base pairs -4 to 6 of the DNA half site in the Cro-DNA complex in solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High-flux characterization of ultra-efficient commercial 1 mm2multi-junction solar cells (2007)

We present an experimental characterization study of high-efficiency ultra-small multi-junction concentrator solar cells. Particular emphasis is placed on the sensitivity of photovoltaic performance to the intensity and distribution of the concentrated sunlight delivered to the cell. This type of information is important in the design and optimization of the most recent generations of high-concentration photovoltaic systems. Miniaturizing the solar cell can give rise to an increase in the concentration value at which cell efficiency peaks, facilitates passive heat rejection and permits the use of all-glass optics. However, few measurements have been published for ultra-small cells. We report and analyze extensive measurements, up to approximately 5000 suns, on the 1.0 mm<sup>2</sup> active region within the busbars of such commercial concentrator solar cells.
Road Octane Number Trends of Japanese Passenger Cars (1977)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To develop empirical road octane number (RdON) equations and to obtain the relationship between high speed RdON and fuel quality, RdON were determined by the Modified Uniontown Technique (MUT) and the Modified Borderline Technique (MBL) using 1974 and 1975 Japanese passenger cars.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effects of RON and DON on RdON-MUT were more pronounced than that of MON. Aromatic and olefin hydrocarbon types had little influence on RdON-MUT. RdON-MBL measured at low speed was similar to RdON-MUT. As speed increased, however, it was influenced by MON.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Road octane number depreciation (ΔRdON) at high speed was increased with sensitivity or olefin content.&lt;/div&gt;
Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents by Colorimetric Sensor Arrays (2020)

We report the successful use of colorimetric arrays to identify chemical warfare agents (CWAs). Methods were developed to interpret and analyze a 73-indicator array with an entirely automated workflow. Using a cross-validated first-nearest-neighbor algorithm for assessing detection and identification performances on 632 exposures, at 30 min postexposure we report, on average, 78% correct chemical identification, 86% correct class-level identification, and 96% correct red light/green light (agent versus non-agent) detection. Of 174 total independent agent test exposures, 164 were correctly identified from a 30 min exposure in the red light/green light context, yielding a 94% correct identification of CWAs. Of 149 independent non-agent exposures, 139 were correctly identified at 30 min in the red light/green light context, yielding a 7% false alarm rate. We find that this is a promising approach for the development of a miniaturized, field-portable analytical equipment suitable for soldiers and first responders.
Quantum theory, the Church–Turing principle and the universal quantum computer (1985)

Abstract It is argued that underlying the Church–Turing hypothesis there is an implicit physical assertion. Here, this assertion is presented explicitly as a physical principle: ‘every finitely realizible physical system can be perfectly simulated by a universal model computing machine operating by finite means’. Classical physics and the universal Turing machine, because the former is continuous and the latter discrete, do not obey the principle, at least in the strong form above. A class of model computing machines that is the quantum generalization of the class of Turing machines is described, and it is shown that quantum theory and the 'universal quantum computer’ are compatible with the principle. Computing machines resembling the universal quantum computer could, in principle, be built and would have many remarkable properties not reproducible by any Turing machine. These do not include the computation of non-recursive functions, but they do include ‘quantum parallelism’, a method by which certain probabilistic tasks can be performed faster by a universal quantum computer than by any classical restriction of it. The intuitive explanation of these properties places an intolerable strain on all interpretations of quantum theory other than Everett’s. Some of the numerous connections between the quantum theory of computation and the rest of physics are explored. Quantum complexity theory allows a physically more reasonable definition of the ‘complexity’ or ‘knowledge’ in a physical system than does classical complexity theory.
The Multidrug Resistance Protein 5 Functions as an ATP-dependent Export Pump for Cyclic Nucleotides (2000)

Cellular export of cyclic nucleotides has been observed in various tissues and may represent an elimination pathway for these signaling molecules, in addition to degradation by phosphodiesterases. In the present study we provide evidence that this export is mediated by the multidrug resistance protein isoform MRP5 (gene symbol ABCC5). The transport function of MRP5 was studied in V79 hamster lung fibroblasts transfected with a human MRP5 cDNA. An MRP5-specific antibody detected an overexpression of the glycoprotein of 185 +/- 15 kDa in membranes from MRP5-transfected cells and a low basal expression of hamster Mrp5 in control membranes. ATP-dependent transport of 3',5'-cyclic GMP at a substrate concentration of 1 micrometer was 4-fold higher in membrane vesicles from MRP5-transfected cells than in control membranes. This transport was saturable with a K(m) value of 2.1 micrometer. MRP5-mediated transport was also detected for 3',5'-cyclic AMP at a lower affinity, with a K(m) value of 379 micrometer. A potent inhibition of MRP5-mediated transport was observed by several compounds, known as phosphodiesterase modulators, including trequinsin, with a K(i) of 240 nm, and sildenafil, with a K(i) value of 267 nm. Thus, cyclic nucleotides are physiological substrates for MRP5; moreover, MRP5 may represent a novel pharmacological target for the enhancement of tissue levels of cGMP.
New TiZrNbTaFe high entropy alloy used for medical applications (2018)

The paper considers a new concept of alloy with high entropy (HEA) for biomedical applications. HEAs are different from the conventional metallic materials by more than five alloying elements, in proportions between 5% and 35% at., which may form simple solid solutions with BCC and/or FCC phases instead of complicated intermetallic ones. These specific features provide HEA with excellent mechanical properties (hardness, strength, malleability), oxidation and corrosion resistance, with potential applications in diverse industrial areas. The present tendency in the newest titanium alloys generation is the decrease of elasticity modulus, with the maintaining of high mechanical characteristics. Thus, the paper considers the system TiZrNbTaFe for biomedical applications obtained by powder metallurgy (PM) route, because HEAs prepared by this method show a greater homogeneity in their microstructure compared to the segregated microstructure of melted and cast HEAs. The influence of milling time, compaction and sintering on the microstructure and mechanical and corrosion properties of the new TiZrNbTaFe alloy were investigated. The obtained properties have shown a better mechanical biocompatibility in order to use this high entropy alloy as orthopedic or dental implants. The mechanical properties of the obtained alloys are better than those of biomaterials that are used in present.
An optimizing Fortran D compiler for MIMD distributed-memory machines (1993)

Massively parallel MIMD distributed-memory machines can provide enormous computational power; however, the difficulty of developing parallel programs for these machines has limited their use. Our thesis is that an advanced compiler can generate efficient parallel programs, if data decompositions are provided. To validate this thesis, we have implemented a compiler for Fortran D, a version of Fortran that provides data decomposition specifications at two levels: problem mapping using sophisticated array alignments, and machine mapping through a rich set of data distribution functions.\nThe Fortran D compiler is organized around three major functions: program analysis, program optimization, and code generation. Its compilation strategy is based on the "owner computes" rule, where each processor only computes values of data it owns. Data decomposition specifications are translated into mathematical distribution functions that determine the ownership of local data. By composing these with subscript functions or their inverses, the compiler can efficiently partition computation and determine nonlocal accesses at compile-time.\nFortran D optimizations are guided by the concept of data dependence. Program transformations modify the program execution order to enable optimizations. Communication optimizations reduce the number of messages and overlap communication with computation. Parallelism optimizations detect reductions and optimize pipelined computations to increase the amount of useful computation that may be performed in parallel. Empirical evaluations show that exploiting parallelism is vital, while message vectorization, coarse-grain pipelining, and collective communication are the key communication optimizations. A simple model is constructed to guide compiler optimizations. Loop indices, bounds, and nonlocal storage are managed by the compiler during code generation.\nInterprocedural analysis, optimization, and code generation algorithms limit compilation to only one pass over each procedure by collecting summary information after edits, then compiling procedures in reverse topological order to propagate necessary information. Delaying instantiation of the work partition, communication, and dynamic data decomposition enables interprocedural optimization. Interactions between the compiler and other elements of the programming system are discussed. Empirical measurements show that the output of the prototype Fortran D compiler is comparable to hand-written codes on the Intel iPSC/860 and significantly outperforms the CM Fortran compiler on the Thinking Machines CM-5.
Natural diversity of potato (Solanum tuberosum) invertases (2010)

Abstract Background Invertases are ubiquitous enzymes that irreversibly cleave sucrose into fructose and glucose. Plant invertases play important roles in carbohydrate metabolism, plant development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. In potato ( Solanum tuberosum ), invertases are involved in 'cold-induced sweetening' of tubers, an adaptive response to cold stress, which negatively affects the quality of potato chips and French fries. Linkage and association studies have identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for tuber sugar content and chip quality that colocalize with three independent potato invertase loci, which together encode five invertase genes. The role of natural allelic variation of these genes in controlling the variation of tuber sugar content in different genotypes is unknown. Results For functional studies on natural variants of five potato invertase genes we cloned and sequenced 193 full-length cDNAs from six heterozygous individuals (three tetraploid and three diploid). Eleven, thirteen, ten, twelve and nine different cDNA alleles were obtained for the genes Pain-1 , InvGE , InvGF , InvCD141 and InvCD111 , respectively. Allelic cDNA sequences differed from each other by 4 to 9%, and most were genotype specific. Additional variation was identified by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis in an association-mapping population of 219 tetraploid individuals. Haplotype modeling revealed two to three major haplotypes besides a larger number of minor frequency haplotypes. cDNA alleles associated with chip quality, tuber starch content and starch yield were identified. Conclusions Very high natural allelic variation was uncovered in a set of five potato invertase genes. This variability is a consequence of the cultivated potato's reproductive biology. Some of the structural variation found might underlie functional variation that influences important agronomic traits such as tuber sugar content. The associations found between specific invertase alleles and chip quality, tuber starch content and starch yield will facilitate the selection of superior potato genotypes in breeding programs.