gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The regulation of synthesis and properties of the protein product of open reading frame P of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome (1995)

Open reading frame P (ORF P) maps in the inverted repeat sequence ab and b'a' flanking the long unique (UL) sequence of the herpes simplex virus 1 genome, within the sequence reported to be transcribed during latent infection of sensory neurons. Both the protein and the RNA were previously reported to be expressed only in cells infected with a deletion mutant or with a mutant carrying a ts lesion in the alpha 4 gene encoding the infected cell protein no. 4 (ICP4), a major regulatory protein of the virus. In this report we show that (i) disruption of the ICP4 DNA binding site by replacement mutagenesis resulted in the overexpression of ORF P protein even at permissive temperatures, leading to productive infection; (ii) the expression of ORF P does not require prior viral protein synthesis; (iii) late in infection the ORF protein P is processed into multiple forms characterized by a slower electrophoretic mobility in denaturing gels; (iv) ORF P protein accumulates in nuclei of infected cells; and (v) in some nuclei of infected cells, ORF P protein is organized in the form of rods traversing the nucleus from the basolateral to the apical side. We conclude that ORF P has many of the properties predictive of a viral gene group, which we designate pre-alpha. Specifically, these could be induced by the alpha transinducing factor (also known as VP16) carried in the virion; they would be firmly shut off by the onset of expression of alpha genes required for productive infection; and in the absence of repressive effects of ICP4, their expression could be dependent on the number of viral DNA copies available for transcription. Finally, the productively infected cell would evolve a way of disposing excess pre-alpha proteins by posttranslational processing.
<title>Spectrally adaptive light filtering</title> (1997)

A technology of spectrally adaptive light filtering has been demonstrated, which allows changing the transmission curve of an optical filter in an octave-wide spectral interval with the kilohertz rate under full computer control. This technology utilizes the unique capability of acousto-optic tunable filters to transmit light in several spectral intervals simultaneously, driven by radio signals with complex spectra. A computer algorithm to synthesize the driving signal for an arbitrary given spectral transmission curve was developed. This algorithm has been used for various applications of this developed technology in the visible, SWIR, and MWIR spectral intervals.
Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the United States: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 (2013)

Previous estimates of the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the US population relied on measures of liver enzymes, potentially underestimating the burden of this disease. We used ultrasonography data from 12,454 adults who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted in the United States from 1988 to 1994. We defined NAFLD as the presence of hepatic steatosis on ultrasonography in the absence of elevated alcohol consumption. In the US population, the rates of prevalence of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD were 21.4% and 19.0%, respectively, corresponding to estimates of 32.5 (95% confidence interval: 29.9, 35.0) million adults with hepatic steatosis and 28.8 (95% confidence interval: 26.6, 31.2) million adults with NAFLD nationwide. After adjustment for age, income, education, body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)²), and diabetes status, NAFLD was more common in Mexican Americans (24.1%) compared with non-Hispanic whites (17.8%) and non-Hispanic blacks (13.5%) (P = 0.001) and in men (20.2%) compared with women (15.8%) (P < 0.001). Hepatic steatosis and NAFLD were also independently associated with diabetes, with insulin resistance among people without diabetes, with dyslipidemia, and with obesity. Our results extend previous national estimates of the prevalence of NAFLD in the US population and highlight the burden of this disease. Men, Mexican Americans, and people with diabetes and obesity are the most affected groups.
Antithrombotic effects of YM‐60828, a newly synthesized factor Xa inhibitor, in rat thrombosis models and its effects on bleeding time (1998)

1. The effects of YM-60828, a newly synthesized factor Xa inhibitor, were investigated to analyse the relationship between its antithrombotic effects and its prolongation of template bleeding time in rats. YM-60828 was compared with argatroban, heparin and dalteparin. All agents were intravenously administered as a bolus. 2. In ex vivo studies, YM-60828 and argatroban prolonged both prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in a dose-dependent manner, while heparin and dalteparin prolonged only activated partial thromboplastin time. 3. In a venous thrombosis model, all agents exerted antithrombotic effects in a dose-dependent manner. The ID50 values of YM-60828, argatroban, heparin and dalteparin were 0.0081 mg kg(-1), 0.011 mg kg(-1), 6.3 iu kg(-1) and 4.7 iu kg(-1), respectively. 4. In an arterio-venous shunt model, all agents exerted antithrombotic effects in a dose-dependent manner. The ID50 values of YM-60828, argatroban, heparin and dalteparin were 0.010 mg kg(-1), 0.011 mg kg(-1), 10 iu kg(-1) and 4.2 iu kg(-1), respectively. 5. In bleeding time studies, all agents prolonged template bleeding time in a dose-dependent manner. ED2 values, the doses causing a 2 fold prolongation of bleeding time in the saline group, of YM-60828, argatroban, heparin and dalteparin were 0.76 mg kg(-1), 0.081 mg kg(-1), 18 iu kg(-1) and 25 iu kg(-1), respectively. 6. The ratio (ED2/ID50) of YM-60828 was more than 30 fold greater than that of heparin and more than 10 fold greater than those of argatroban and dalteparin. 7. These data show that YM-60828 can exert its antithrombotic effects with little prolongation of bleeding time compared with the other currently used anticoagulant agents.
Comparison of nasal mucosal responsiveness to neuronal stimulation in non‐allergic and allergic rhinitis: effects of capsaicin nasal challenge (1998)

We conclude that non-allergic rhinitis is not characterized by increased responsiveness of capsaicin-sensitive nerve fibres; while allergic rhinitis is marked by hyperresponsiveness manifested as increased albumin leakage in nasal fluids. This may reflect the activity of an axonal reflex to sensorineural stimulation.
Glomerular Endothelial Cells Form Diaphragms during Development and Pathologic Conditions (2008)

Unlike most fenestrated capillary endothelial cells, adult glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) are generally thought to lack diaphragms at their fenestrae, but this remains controversial. In this study, morphologic and immunocytochemical analyses demonstrated that, except for a small fraction, GEnC of adult rats lacked diaphragmed fenestrae, which contain the transmembrane glycoprotein PV-1. In contrast, the GEnC in embryonic rats exhibited diaphragmed fenestrae and expressed PV-1 protein. The luminal surface of the fenestral diaphragm possesses a high density of anionic sites, thereby compensating for the functional immaturity of the embryonic glomerular filtration barrier. In addition, GEnC with diaphragmed fenestrae and PV-1 expression were significantly increased in adult rats with Thy-1.1 nephritis, presumably reflecting a process of restorative remodeling of the glomerular capillary tuft after injury; therefore, the reappearance of PV-1 expression and diaphragmed fenestrae may serve as a marker of glomerular capillary remodeling.
Steady-State Free Precession in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1958)

A steady-state free precession technique for observing nuclear magnetic resonance is described. A mathematical analysis is presented for certain special conditions, and initial experiments verifying the results of this analysis are reported. This technique provides two opportunities for improving the signal-to-noise ratio. First, it provides a mechanism, similar to that of the "spin echo," for eliminating the effect of the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field on signal strength. This permits the effective use of larger samples. In the second place it provides a steady-state signal which can be observed with a narrow-band detector. Under certain conditions the technique has a broad response as a function of frequency or field. The upper limit to the width of this response is determined by the electronic apparatus supplying the rf pulses rather than the magnet or the nuclear sample.
Amyloid A gene family expression in different mouse tissues. (1986)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute-phase reactant and apoprotein of high density lipoprotein (HDL). SAA is encoded by a family of three active genes. We examined hepatic expression and searched for extrahepatic expression of the three SAA mRNAs after injection with casein or LPS. Studies using an SAA cDNA, which detects all three SAA mRNAs, revealed that after casein injection liver SAA mRNA was elevated approximately 1,000-fold. Adrenal gland expressed SAA mRNA at a low level (0.5% of hepatic level), and was the only extrahepatic tissue with elevated SAA mRNA after casein injection. The small intestine, primarily the ileum, and the large intestine of unstimulated control animals contained 5- and 15-fold higher SAA mRNA levels than control liver. LPS also elevated liver SAA mRNA approximately 1,000-fold. However, in contrast to casein injection, every extrahepatic tissue examined expressed SAA mRNA. Lung and kidney contained 2-5% and large intestine contained nearly 10% of SAA mRNA levels found in liver RNA. SAA mRNA levels were lower in the remaining tissues and ranged from 0.1% in the brain and pancreas to 1.0% in the small intestine, with the ileum containing 50-fold more than the duodenum. Analysis of liver with SAA1, SAA2, and SAA3 mRNA-specific oligonucleotide probes revealed that SAA1 and SAA2 mRNA were elevated approximately 50-fold higher than SAA3 mRNA after casein administration. LPS, however, induced all three SAA mRNAs equally. In extrahepatic tissues, SAA1, SAA2, and SAA3 mRNAs were expressed differentially and can be grouped into three general classes: tissues expressing all three genes, tissues expressing SAA1 and SAA3, and tissues expressing predominantly or only SAA3.
Analysis of the colchicine‐binding site of β‐tubulin (1992)

Comparison of the beta-tubulin sequences with the equilibrium colchicine Ka and the Ki for inhibition by podophyllotoxin suggests that residue beta:316 is directly involved in binding the common trimethoxyphenyl-(or A-) ring. By contrast, the analysis indicates that the local hydrophobicity affects the rate of one of the two conformational changes associated with colchicine binding but does not determine the affinity of the colchicine-binding site.
Determination of the origin cleavage and joining domain of geminivirus Rep proteins (1995)

Replication of the single-stranded DNA genome of plant geminiviruses follows a rolling circle mechanism. It strictly depends on a 'rolling circle replication initiator protein', the M(r) 41 kDa viral Rep protein, encoded by the C1 or AC1 genes. Using wheat dwarf virus (WDV) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) as examples, we show that not only the full-size Rep proteins, but also a putative 30 kDa translation product of WDV open reading frame C1-N as well as an artificially shortened 24 kDa Rep of TYLCV, cleave and join single-stranded origin DNA in vitro. Thus the pivotal origin recognition and processing activities of geminivirus Rep proteins must be mediated by the amino-terminal domain of Rep.
A historical overview and update on pulse oximetry. (1994)

Pulse oximetry has revolutionized the way in which blood oxygenation is measured. It provides an accurate and relatively reliable noninvasive means for the continuous measurement of peripheral oxygen saturation in a variety of patients. The pulse oximeter has detected many clinical situations in which arterial hypoxemia (SaO 2 less than 90%) was not previously known to occur. The accuracy of this instrument depends on many factors, particularly the clinical scenario and the machine itself. The pulse oximeter is accurate under the following conditions: SaO 2 is greater than 22% in hemodynamically stable patients and greater than 35% in hemodynamically unstable patients; core body temperature is greater than 32 degrees C; cardiac index is greater than 1.5 L/min per m 2; pulse pressure is > 20 mm Hg; hematocrit is greater than 10%; hyperbilirubinemia is corrected for carboxyhemoglobin; fetal hemoglobin is at any level. Pulse oximeter readings have limited accuracy in the presence of methemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, nail polish, fluorescent light, and motion. This article presents a historical overview of pulse oximetry and an update on its current uses.
Fisher non-negative matrix factorization for learning local features (2004)

In this paper, we propose a novel subspace method called Fisher non-negative matrix factorization (FNMF) for face recognition. FNMF is based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), which is a part-based image representation method proposed by Lee. NMF allows only additive combinations of non-negative basis components. The NMF bases are spatially global, whereas local bases would be preferred. Therefore, Stan et al proposed local non-negative matrix factorization (LNMF) to achieve a localized NMF representation by adding more constraints to enforce spatial locality; one of these constraints enforces the bases to be orthogonal to each other, just like the constraints which PCA imposes on its bases. However, LNMF does not encode discrimination information for a classification problem. In this paper, we impose Fisher constraints on the NMF algorithm, which results in the novel FNMF algorithm. Our experiments show that FNMF achieves better performance than LNMF. 1
Frequency of α‐ and β‐haemolysin in Staphylococcus aureus of bovine and human origin (1999)

The phenotypic expression of haemolysins and the presence of genes encoding alpha and beta-haemolysin were determined in 105 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis, 100 isolates from the nostrils of healthy humans, and 60 isolates from septicaemia in humans. Furthermore, the possible change in expression of haemolysins after subcultivation in human and bovine blood and milk was studied in selected isolates. Alpha-haemolysin was expressed phenotypically in 39 (37%) of the bovine isolates, in 59 (59%) of the human carrier isolates, and in 40 (67%) of the isolates from septicaemia. Beta-haemolysin was expressed in 76 (72%) bovine, 11 (11%) carrier, and 8 (13%) septicaemia isolates. Significantly more bovine than human isolates expressed beta-haemolysin and significantly fewer expressed alpha-haemolysin. Genotypically, the gene encoding alpha-haemolysin was detected in all isolates. A significant difference in the prevalence of the gene encoding beta-haemolysin between the bovine (96%), human carrier (56%) and isolates from septicaemia (57%) was found. Of the bovine isolates, 75% of those carrying the gene encoding beta-haemolysin expressed beta-haemolysin phenotypically, whereas only 20% of the carrier isolates and 24% of the septicaemia isolates did so. No change in expression of haemolysins could be observed after subcultivation of bovine isolates in human blood and milk. After 5 to 10 subcultures in bovine blood and 1 to 4 in bovine milk, 9 of 10 human isolates originally phenotypically beta-haemolysin negative initiated the expression of beta-haemolysin. This study showed that a larger proportion of S. aureus of bovine origin carry the beta-haemolysin gene compared to isolates from humans. Furthermore, a larger number of the isolates of bovine origin carrying the beta-haemolysin gene express this gene phenotypically compared to isolates of human origin.
Use of Dominant Negative Mutants of the Hepadnaviral Core Protein As Antiviral Agents (1996)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of acute and chronic liver diseases. We have recently described HBV and woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) dominant negative (DN) core mutants that were capable of inhibiting wild-type viral replication by 95%. These mutants may represent a potent class of antiviral agents that act as "intracellular immunogens." To facilitate their potential use in animal model systems, we now have studied the duck HBV (DHBV) and placed the DN mutant constructs in recombinant retroviral and adenoviral expression vectors. Transient expression of the DHBV molecular equivalent of the WHV and HBV DN constructs inhibited wild-type DHBV replication by 98%. Recombinant retroviral and adenoviral vectors containing the HBV and DHBV DN complementary DNAs (cDNAs) were used to transiently and stably transduce hepatoma-derived cell lines constitutively expressing replicating wild-type virus. These investigations show that the DN core mutants were powerful inhibitors of HBV and DHBV replication when delivered intracellularly and appear as promising antiviral agents for gene therapy of persistent viral infection of the liver.
The Role of Relations (2009)

The article interrogates whether the social background of adolescents affects (1) the quality of their relations with parents and teachers, and (2) the potentially beneficial effects of these relations on school-related and psychological outcomes. Previous studies suggest that social background does affect the quality of social relations, although weakly, and that these in turn affect various outcomes. However, the results are inconclusive as to whether the quality of social relations of different importance for adolescents from different social backgrounds, and such an interaction effect could be predicted from different perspectives. The data are based on a nationally representative sample of Swedish adolescents between 10 and 18 years of age ( n = 2,645) and include several aspects of social background, social relations and outcomes. The data are ideally suited to this question, in that information about social relations and outcomes is child-reported, while information on social background is parent-reported and based on register data. The results confirm that social relations are conducive to various outcomes, and show that disadvantaged adolescents have weaker relations with parents and teachers. Furthermore, they imply that relations with teachers are of particular importance for disadvantaged adolescents’ school and psychological outcomes, while parental relations are equally important for both advantaged and disadvantaged adolescents.
INFLUENCE OF NEUROPEPTIDES ON NEUTROPHIL ADHESION AND TRANSMIGRATION THROUGH A LUNG FIBROBLAST BARRIER IN VITRO (2001)

The lung is richly supplied with peptidergic nerves that store and secrete substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and other neuropeptides known to potently modulate leukocyte function in vitro and airway inflammation in vivo. We examined the effect of SP, VIP and the novel sensory neuropeptide secretoneurin (SN), as well as of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1 beta, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), all associated with acute lung injury, on human neutrophil migration across a 5-mu pore polycarbonate filter system covered by human lung fibroblast monolayers. Additionally, we tested the ability of these neuropeptides to elicit neutrophil adhesion to fibroblast monolayers. SP, but not VIP and SN, may be important in directly influencing neutrophil adhesion to and subsequent migration across a subendothelial barrier of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix towards lung inflammatory sites. The effect was mainly mediated by neurokinin (NK)-1 receptors, as evaluated by a specific NK-1 antagonist, [[(S,S)Pro-Leu(spiro-y-lactam)]9,10, Trp11]substance P (1-11), whereas a specific NK-2 receptor antagonist, [Tyr5, D-Trp6,8,9, Lys10]neurokinin A (4-10), was ineffective. The SP analog septide and the NK-1 receptor agonist ([Sar9 Met(O2)11)SP were comparably effective. Furthermore, the SP effect was concentration and time dependent. However, the other tested neuropeptides might also affect neutrophil recruitment in inflammatory lung by modulating other lung cell functions. Additionally, all tested cytokines stimulated neutrophil transfibroblast migration in vitro, except IL-6. In conclusion, SP in concert with proinflammatory cytokines may regulate neutrophil interstitial accumulation and their traffic to the alveolar space in lung inflammation.
Robust superhydrophobic surfaces with mechanical durability and easy repairability (2011)

Development of superhydrophobic self-cleaning materials is hindered by their susceptibility to mechanical abrasion. Here, to solve the problem caused by mechanical damage, we prepared a superhydrophobic metal/polymer composite surface possessing both mechanical durability and easy repairability. The mechanical durability of the resulting superhydrophobic surface was evaluated by the abrasion test. The result demonstrated that the rough surface textures were retained and the surface still exhibited superhydrophobicity after mechanical abrasion. Moreover, the non-wetting property can be restored by an easy regeneration process when loss of superhydrophobicity occurs. Amazingly, the created metal/polymer surface can be used as a finger touchable self-cleaning surface.
Abatacept for Rheumatoid Arthritis Refractory to Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibition (2005)

Abatacept produced significant clinical and functional benefits in patients who had had an inadequate response to anti-TNF-alpha therapy.
An adaptive real-time background subtraction and moving shadows detection (2005)

The paper presents a statistical adaptive realtime background subtraction algorithm that is very robust to moving shadows and dynamic scene environment. The algorithm enhances the previously developed method reported by T. Horprascrt et al. (see Proc. IEEE ICCV'99 Frame-rate Workshop, 1999) by adding adaptation of the model corresponding to a dynamic background using adaptive brightness and color distortion. In addition, we propose a novel "vivacity factor" to measure the activities of foreground objects. It is used to delay the adaptation rate for the area of often-occurring moving foregrounds. Our method provides a solution to real-time moving object and shadow detection in the dynamic background scene of a video stream. We also develop the learning-rate control mechanism that is not addressed by most background subtraction algorithms