gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Purpurin as a Retinol-Binding Protein in Goldfish Retina during the Early Stage of Optic Nerve Regeneration: Its Priming Action on Neurite Outgrowth (2004)

Unlike mammals, the fish optic nerve can regenerate after injury. So far, many growth or trophic factors have been shown as an axon-regenerating molecule. However, it is totally unknown what substance regulates or triggers the activity of these factors on axonal elongation. Therefore, we constructed a goldfish retina cDNA library prepared from the retina treated with optic nerve transection 5 d previously, when it was just before regrowing optic axons after injury. A cDNA clone for goldfish purpurin for which expression was upregulated during the early stage of optic nerve regeneration was isolated from the retina cDNA library. Purpurin was discovered as a secretory retinol-binding protein in developing chicken retinas. Levels of purpurin mRNA and protein transiently increased and rapidly decreased 2-5 d and 10 d after axotomy, respectively. Purpurin mRNA was localized to the photoreceptor cells, whereas the protein was diffusely found in all of the retinal layers. A recombinant purpurin alone did not affect any change of neurite outgrowth in explant culture of the control retina, whereas a concomitant addition of the recombinant purpurin and retinol first induced a drastic enhancement of neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, the action of retinol-bound purpurin was effective only in the control (untreated) retinas but not in those primed (treated) with a previous optic nerve transection. Thus, purpurin with retinol is the first candidate molecule of priming neurite outgrowth in the early stage of optic nerve regeneration in fish.
Three‐dimensional, bioactive, biodegradable, polymer–bioactive glass composite scaffolds with improved mechanical properties support collagen synthesis and mineralization of human osteoblast‐like cells in vitro (2003)

In the past decade, tissue engineering-based bone grafting has emerged as a viable alternative to biological and synthetic grafts. The biomaterial component is a critical determinant of the ultimate success of the tissue-engineered graft. Because no single existing material possesses all the necessary properties required in an ideal bone graft, our approach has been to develop a three dimensional (3-D), porous composite of polylactide-co-glycolide (PLAGA) and 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) that is biodegradable, bioactive, and suitable as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering (PLAGA-BG composite). The objectives of this study were to examine the mechanical properties of a PLAGA-BG matrix, to evaluate the response of human osteoblast-like cells to the PLAGA-BG composite, and to evaluate the ability of the composite to form a surface calcium phosphate layer in vitro. Structural and mechanical properties of PLAGA-BG were measured, and the formation of a surface calcium phosphate layer was evaluated by surface analysis methods. The growth and differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells on PLAGA-BG were also examined. A hypothesis was that the combination of PLAGA with BG would result in a biocompatible and bioactive composite, capable of supporting osteoblast adhesion, growth and differentiation, with mechanical properties superior to PLAGA alone. The addition of bioactive glass granules to the PLAGA matrix resulted in a structure with higher compressive modulus than PLAGA alone. Moreover, the PLAGA-BA composite was found to be a bioactive material, as it formed surface calcium phosphate deposits in a simulated body fluid (SBF), and in the presence of cells and serum proteins. The composite supported osteoblast-like morphology, stained positively for alkaline phosphatase, and supported higher levels of Type I collagen synthesis than tissue culture polystyrene controls. We have successfully developed a degradable, porous, polymer bioactive glass composite possessing improved mechanical properties and osteointegrative potential compared to degradable polymers of poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) alone. Future work will focus on the optimization of the composite scaffold for bone tissue-engineering applications and the evaluation of the 3-D composite in an in vivo model.
PACAP in Immunity and Inflammation (2003)

The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide belonging to the VIP/secretin/glucagon family of peptides, produced by the lymphoid cells, which exerts a wide spectrum of immunological functions controlling the homeostasis of immune system through different receptors expressed in various immunocompetent cells. In the last decade, PACAP has been clearly identified as a potent anti-inflammatory factor that exerts its function by regulating the production of both anti- and proinflammatory mediators. In this sense, PACAP prevents death by septic shock, an acute inflammatory disease with a high mortality. In addition, PACAP regulates the expression of costimulatory molecules, inasmuch as this related to the modulation in the shift from Th1 towards Th2 differentiation. We recently reported that PACAP prevents the deleterious effects of arthritis by downregulating both inflammatory and autoimmune components of the disease. Therefore, PACAP and analogs have been proposed as very promising candidates, alternative to other existing treatments, for treating acute and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as septic shock, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, or autoimmune diabetes.
On the Free-Volume Model of the Liquid-Glass Transition (1970)

We have improved the free-volume model for molecular transport in dense fluids, as developed in earlier papers, by taking account of the variable magnitude of the diffusive displacement. The development is carried through in a way which may display more clearly the relation between the free-volume model and the Enskog theory. Implicit in the free-volume development is the association, on the average, of a correlation factor f(a) with each magnitude, a, of the displacement. It is assumed that f(a) is a step function which is zero, because of the predominance of back scattering, for a &amp;lt; a* and unity for a &amp;gt; a.* This corresponds to dividing the displacements sharply into two categories, one “gaslike” and the other “solidlike.” Molecular dynamics computations have shown that the self-diffusion coefficient in the hard-sphere fluid at the highest densities is falling precipitously, with increasing density, away from the Enskog values. It appears that this density trend, which was attributed to back scattering, if continued, would lead to a continuous solidification. It is shown that the magnitude and density trend of this deviation are described satisfactorily by the free-volume expression, where the free volume is referred to the specific volume of the Bernal glass. We conclude that at least the molecular transport manifestation of a liquid–glass transition can be deduced entirely within the framework of the van der Waals physical model for liquids with due corrections for the variation of the effective hard-core radius with temperature. The free-volume model results from a crude, but physically plausible, approach to this problem.
Rapid Automated Microscopy for Microbiological Surveillance of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia (2015)

Microbiological surveillance detected infection in patients at risk for VAP independent of clinical signs, resulting in changes to antimicrobial therapy. Automated microscopy was 100% sensitive and 97% specific for high-risk pneumonia organisms compared with clinical culturing. Rapid microscopy-based surveillance may be informative for treatment and antimicrobial stewardship in patients at risk for VAP.
Relationship between red blood cell and liver tocopherol concentration after administration and depletion of vitamin E. (1985)

As the assessment of the nutritional status of vitamin E, the validity of red blood cell (RBC) tocopherol concentration was examined in relation to tocopherol concentration in the liver and in its subcellular fractions. When 10 mg/kg of dl-alpha-tocopherol was injected intramuscularly to vitamin E deficient rats, plasma tocopherol reached a maximum level earlier than did RBC tocopherol and liver tocopherol. However, as the correlation in tocopherol concentrations between RBC and plasma and between RBC and tissue homogenate or its subcellular fractions was examined with respect to all the values examines during the study courses, a moderately close correlation was observed between RBC and liver tissue and between RBC and the subcellular fractions while a lack of correlation was found between RBC and plasma. When rats sufficient in vitamin E were depleted for 8 weeks by a vitamin E deficient diet, tocopherol concentrations decreased in a similar pattern in the plasma, RBC, and liver and its subcellular fractions. In this case, a very close correlation in the tocopherol concentrations was observed between RBC and other subjects, i.e., the plasma, liver homogenate and its subcellular fractions.
IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha in CD4+T cell immunity. (2005)

The cytokine IL-15 performs numerous functions, such as promotion of growth and survival, on a plethora of cell types from both the lymphoid and non-lymphoid compartments. Therefore, mice genetically engineered to either lack or overexpress functional IL-15 display reduced immunological responses and leukemia, respectively. Surprisingly, IL-15 protein is hardly found in serum or body fluids. Due to the lack of a clear demonstration of its presence as protein,IL-15 was often referred to as a "ghost cytokine ". Recently, however, membrane-bound IL-15 was detected in both a membrane-anchored form and an IL-15Ralpha -bound form on monocytes. Interestingly, the latter complex can ben transpresented to cells expressing the intermediate-affinity IL-2/15Rbeta-gamma C receptor and thereby support the survival and proliferation of T cells. Moreover, overlapping promoter elements indicate a model of co-regulation of IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha by which IL-15 activities are controlled in a cell-contact-dependent manner. In this review, recent reports on IL-15 are combined with previous observations and discussed in terms of their functional consequences for CD4+ T cell responses.
Stabilizing Perovskite Structures by Tuning Tolerance Factor: Formation of Formamidinium and Cesium Lead Iodide Solid-State Alloys (2015)

Goldschmidt tolerance factor (t) is an empirical index for predicting stable crystal structures of perovskite materials. A t value between 0.8 and 1.0 is favorable for cubic perovskite structure, and larger (>1) or smaller (<0.8) values of tolerance factor usually result in nonperovskite structures. CH(NH2)2PbI3 (FAPbI3) can exist in the perovskite α-phase (black phase) with good photovoltaic properties. However, it has a large tolerance factor and is more stable in the hexagonal δH-phase (yellow phase), with δH-to-α phase-transition temperature higher than room temperature. On the other hand, CsPbI3 is stabilized to an orthorhombic structure (δO-phase) at room temperature due to its small tolerance factor. We find that, by alloying FAPbI3 with CsPbI3, the effective tolerance factor can be tuned, and the stability of the photoactive α-phase of the mixed solid-state perovskite alloys FA1–xCsxPbI3 is enhanced, which is in agreement with our first-principles calculations. Thin films of the FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3 perovskite alloy demonstrate much improved stability in a high-humidity environment; this contrasts significantly with the pure FAPbI3 film for which the α-to-δH phase transition (associated with yellowing appearance) is accelerated by humidity environment. Due to phase stabilization, the FA0.85Cs0.15PbI3 solid-state alloy showed better solar cell performance and device stability than its FAPbI3 counterparts. Our studies suggest that tuning the tolerance factor through solid-state alloying can be a general strategy to stabilize the desired perovskite structure for solar cell applications.
Targeting a Tumor-Specific Laminin Domain Critical for Human Carcinogenesis (2008)

Laminin-332 is critical for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumorigenesis, but targeting it for cancer therapy has been unachievable due to key role of laminin-332 in promoting tissue integrity. Here, we show that a portion of laminin-332, termed G45, which is proteolytically removed and absent in normal tissues, is prominently expressed in most human SCC tumors and plays an important role in human SCC tumorigenesis. Primary human keratinocytes lacking G45 (DeltaG45) showed alterations of basal receptor organization, impaired matrix deposition, and increased migration. After SCC transformation, the absence of G45 domain in DeltaG45 cells was associated with deficient extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activation, impaired invasion, deficient metalloproteinase activity, and absent tumorgenicity in vivo. Expression of G45 or activated PI3K subunit in DeltaG45 cells reversed these abnormalities. G45 antibody treatment induced SCC tumor apoptosis, decreased SCC tumor proliferation, and markedly impaired human SCC tumorigenesis in vivo without affecting normal tissue adhesion. These results show a remarkable selectivity of expression and function for laminin-332 G45 in human SCC tumorigenesis and implicate it as a specific target for anticancer therapy.
Toddy for chilled platelets? (2012)

In this issue of Blood, Jansen and colleagues use murine models to give new insights into the possible mechanisms of clearance of transfused refrigerated platelets.
Novel strategies for cancer therapy: the potential of genetically modified T lymphocytes. (2004)

The genetic modification of T lymphocytes is an important methodology for investigating T-cell biology and bears great promise as a possible strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Several genetic approaches under evaluation aim to facilitate and increase the recognition of tumor antigens, enhance antitumor activities, and counteract the multiple mechanisms responsible for tumor immune evasion in vivo. T cells can also be engineered in an attempt to control their homing, to increase the safety of adoptive T-cell therapies, and express markers that can be tracked by noninvasive imaging technologies.
The AGE receptor, OST48 drives podocyte foot process effacement and basement membrane expansion (alters structural composition) (2021)

These studies indicate that increased podocyte expression of oligosaccharyltransferase-48 kDa subunit results in glomerular endoplasmic reticulum stress and a decline in kidney function.
Heteroduplex repair in extracts of human HeLa cells (1991)

A general repair process for DNA heteroduplexes has been detected in HeLa cell extracts. Using a variety of M13mp2 DNA substrates containing single-base mismatches and extra nucleotides, extensive repair is observed after incubation with HeLa cell cytoplasmic extracts and subsequent transfection of bacterial cells with the treated DNA. Most, but not all, mispairs as well as two frameshift heteroduplexes are repaired efficiently. Parallel measurements of repair in HeLa extracts and in Escherichia coli suggest that repair specificities are similar for the two systems. The presence of a nick in the molecule is required for efficient repair in HeLa cell extracts, and the strand containing the nick is the predominantly repaired strand. Mismatch-dependent DNA synthesis is observed when radiolabeled restriction fragments, produced by reaction of the extract with heteroduplex and homoduplex molecules, are compared. Specific labeling of fragments, representing a region of approximately 1,000 base pairs and containing the nick and the mismatch, is detected for the heteroduplex substrate but not the homoduplex. The repair reaction is complete after 20 min and requires added Mg2+, ATP, and an ATP-regenerating system, but not dNTPs, which are present at sufficient levels in the extract. An inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta, dideoxythimidine 5'-triphosphate, does not inhibit mismatch-specific DNA synthesis. Aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerases alpha, delta, and epsilom, inhibits both semiconservative replication and repair synthesis in the extract. Butylphenyl-dGTP also inhibits both replicative and repair synthesis but at a concentration known to inhibit DNA polymerase alpha preferentially rather than delta or epsilon. This suggests that DNA polymerase alpha may function in mismatch repair.
Quantum-optical coherence tomography with dispersion cancellation (2002)

We propose a technique, called quantum-optical coherence tomography (QOCT), for carrying out tomographic measurements with dispersion-cancelled resolution. The technique can also be used to extract the frequency-dependent refractive index of the medium. QOCT makes use of a two-photon interferometer in which a swept delay permits a coincidence interferogram to be traced. The technique bears a resemblance to classical optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, it makes use of a nonclassical entangled twin-photon light source that permits measurements to be made at depths greater than those accessible via OCT, which suffers from the deleterious effects of sample dispersion. Aside from the dispersion cancellation, QOCT offers higher sensitivity than OCT as well as an enhancement of resolution by a factor of two for the same source bandwidth. QOCT and OCT are compared using an idealized sample.
Acute pancreatitis associated with danazol treatment for endometriosis (1994)

Hypo-oestrogenic and anabolic/androgenic side-effects of danazol are well known by the gynaecologist and some of them are present in > 50% of patients being treated for endometriosis. Additionally, danazol produces hepatocellular damage in approximately 10% of women. The present report describes the first case of acute pancreatitis associated with danazol treatment of endometriosis.
The Atlas Genome Assembly System (2004)

Atlas is a suite of programs developed for assembly of genomes by a "combined approach" that uses DNA sequence reads from both BACs and whole-genome shotgun (WGS) libraries. The BAC clones afford advantages of localized assembly with reduced computational load, and provide a robust method for dealing with repeated sequences. Inclusion of WGS sequences facilitates use of different clone insert sizes and reduces data production costs. A core function of Atlas software is recruitment of WGS sequences into appropriate BACs based on sequence overlaps. Because construction of consensus sequences is from local assembly of these reads, only small (<0.1%) units of the genome are assembled at a time. Once assembled, each BAC is used to derive a genomic layout. This "sequence-based" growth of the genome map has greater precision than with non-sequence-based methods. Use of BACs allows correction of artifacts due to repeats at each stage of the process. This is aided by ancillary data such as BAC fingerprint, other genomic maps, and syntenic relations with other genomes. Atlas was used to assemble a draft DNA sequence of the rat genome; its major components including overlapper and split-scaffold are also being used in pure WGS projects.
Synthesis and Striking Fluorescence Properties of Hyperbranched Poly(amido amine) (2007)

Hyperbranched poly(amido amine) (h‐PAMAM) was synthesized from different feed ratios of diethylene triamine and methyl acrylate by the simple one‐pot and commercial synthesis method. Reaction procedures and products were intensively studied by FTIR, inherent viscosity and fluorescence techniques. The ill‐structured h‐PAMAM shared similar chemical and physical properties with well defined poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers in generation 2 or 3. Its strong fluorescence properties were influenced by pH values, solvents, concentrations, terminal groups and other factors.
New Antiviral Drugs, Vaccines and Classic Public Health Interventions against SARS Coronavirus (2005)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by one of two recently discovered coronaviruses. The virus is emergent from South East (SE) Asian mammals: either the civet cat, a related species or a rat species. The virus has a long incubation period and low reproduction number (R0 value) and hence the first outbreak in 2004 was controlled by hygiene and quarantine. However, the healthcare system was compromised and the economic cost was extremely high. Fortunately, the virus is easily cultivated in Vero E6 cells and therefore the search for new antivirals and vaccines was initiated within weeks of the discovery of the virus using classic techniques of cell culture and electron microscopy. Molecular diagnostics facilitated rapid and accurate diagnosis, a key factor in containing the outbreak. The broad-spectrum molecule ribavirin was used in SE Asia in infected patients alongside corticosteroids. In retrospect, many patients survived due to careful nursing. The only currently accepted intervention is interferon. Coronavirus replicon systems should facilitate rapid screening of new inhibitors and the complex mechanism of viral replication will ensure that drugs are developed against at least five molecular targets, in particular the viral protease.
Multiple biological activities of human recombinant interleukin 1. (1986)

Complementary DNA coding for human monocyte interleukin 1 (IL-1), pI 7 form, was expressed in Escherichia coli. During purification, IL-1 activity on murine T cells was associated with the recombinant protein. Homogeneous human recombinant IL-1 (hrIL-1) was tested in several assays to demonstrate the immunological and inflammatory properties attributed to this molecule. hrIL-1 induced proliferative responses in a cloned murine T cell in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of mitogen, whereas no effect was observed with hrIL-1 alone. At concentrations of 0.05 ng/ml, hrIL-1 doubled the response to mitogen (5 X 10(6) half maximal units/mg). Human peripheral blood T cells depleted of adherent cells underwent a blastogenic response and released interleukin 2 in the presence of hrIL-1 and mitogen. hrIL-1 was a potent inflammatory agent by its ability to induce human dermal fibroblast prostaglandin E2 production in vitro and to produce monophasic (endogenous pyrogen) fever when injected into rabbits or endotoxin-resistant mice. These studies establish that the dominant pI 7 form of recombinant human IL-1 possesses immunological and inflammatory properties and acts on the central nervous system to produce fever.
C9ORF72 hexanucleotide expansions of 20–22 repeats are associated with frontotemporal deterioration (2013)

Description of these families suggests that short C9ORF72 hexanucleotide expansions are also related to frontotemporal cognitive deterioration.
Changes in left ventricular ejection time and pulse transit time derived from finger photoplethysmogram and electrocardiogram during moderate haemorrhage (2009)

Shortening of LVET(p) from 303+/-2 to 293+/-3 ms (mean+/-SEM; P<0.01) and prolongation of PTT from 177+/-3 to 186+/-4 ms (P<0.01) were observed in 81% and 91% of subjects respectively when comparing PRE and POST. During blood donation, progressive blood loss produced falling trends in LVET(p) (P<0.01) and rising trends in PTT (P<0.01) in FIRST and SECOND, but a falling trend in RRi (P<0.01) was only observed in SECOND. Monitoring trends in timing variables derived from non-invasive ECG and finger PPG signals may facilitate detection of blood loss in the early phase.