gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) Receptor Signaling in the Central Nervous System: New Molecular Targets (2006)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and the related urocortin peptides mediate behavioral, cognitive, autonomic, neuroendocrine and immunologic responses to aversive stimuli by activating CRF(1) or CRF(2) receptors in the central nervous system and anterior pituitary. Markers of hyperactive central CRF systems, including CRF hypersecretion and abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, have been identified in subpopulations of patients with anxiety, stress and depressive disorders. Because CRF receptors are rapidly desensitized in the presence of high agonist concentrations, CRF hypersecretion alone may be insufficient to account for the enhanced CRF neurotransmission observed in these patients. Concomitant dysregulation of mechanisms stringently controlling magnitude and duration of CRF receptor signaling also may contribute to this phenomenon. While it is well established that the CRF(1) receptor mediates many anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as well as HPA axis stress responses, CRF(2) receptor functions are not well understood at present. One hypothesis holds that CRF(1) receptor activation initiates fear and anxiety-like responses, while CRF(2) receptor activation re-establishes homeostasis by counteracting the aversive effects of CRF(1) receptor signaling. An alternative hypothesis posits that CRF(1) and CRF(2) receptors contribute to opposite defensive modes, with CRF(1) receptors mediating active defensive responses triggered by escapable stressors, and CRF(2) receptors mediating anxiety- and depression-like responses induced by inescapable, uncontrollable stressors. CRF(1) receptor antagonists are being developed as novel treatments for affective and stress disorders. If it is confirmed that the CRF(2) receptor contributes importantly to anxiety and depression, the development of small molecule CRF(2) receptor antagonists would be therapeutically useful.
Regulation and Physiological Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins. (1996)

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are potent anabolic agents, structurally related to insulin, that can influence growth processes in virtually every system of the body. Unlike insulin, these peptides associate with distinct binding proteins present in serum and other biological fluids as well as in medium conditioned by cultured cells. The IGFs are pleiotropic in activity and near ubiquitous in distribution, making the IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) integral components of IGF physiology that define and coordinate IGF and insulin action at the level of the target cell. Thus, to fully understand and, ultimately, manipulate IGF-directed growth, it is critical to take into account the IGFBPs. Six distinct IGFBPs have been cloned and characterized, and they are postulated to serve specific, but as yet poorly defined, functional roles. Expression of these multiple IGFBP species is under developmental, hormonal, and nutritional control. In addition, IGFBPs can undergo a variety of posttranslational modifications that can have profound effects on IGFBP structure/function, and, hence, IGF action. The significance of IGFBP glycosylation, phosphorylation, proteolysis, and cell-membrane and extracellular matrix association as components of IGF physiology has only begun to be appreciated. In each case identified so far the modified IGFBP acts dramatically different from native or recombinant IGFBP in solution. In this presentation, I will briefly review the IGF/IGFBP system and use data from in vitro models to illustrate the potential power of posttranslational regulation of IGFBP in cellular response to IGFs.
14-3-3η: a novel biomarker platform for rheumatoid arthritis. (2014)

14-3-3 proteins are a conserved family of 7 isoforms with diverse cellular functions found predominantly intracellularly. The 14-3-3η isoform is expressed extracellularly in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and expression in both serum and joint fluid correlates strongly with expression of metalloproteinases. 14-3-3η activates proinflammatory signalling cascades and inflammatory mediators relevant to the pathogenesis of RA. A new ELISA based assay has diagnostic utility for RA with sensitivity of 63.6% and specificity of 92.6% using the optimal cut-off from ROC analysis of 0.19ng/ml. Adding 14-3-3η to anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) resulted in an identification rate of 72% compared to 59% for ACPA alone. Adding rheumatoid factor (RF) to ACPA increased diagnostic capture from 59% to 72% and this increased further to 78% when 14-3-3η was added. Positive 14-3-3η status is also significantly associated with radiographic progression in early RA at years 1, 3 and 5 indicating prognostic utility. Extracellular 14-3-3η elicits the production of autoantibodies to the native protein, which also possess diagnostic utility. These do not correlate with expression of the protein and have complementary diagnostic utility. The presence of either the protein or its autoantibodies is observed in 90% of patients with early RA. Together with RF and/or ACPA this may result in identification of 95% of patients with early RA.
Telomeres, telomerase, and cancer: life on the edge of genomic stability (2000)

The presence of telomerase activity in most human tumors, but not in many normal somatic tissues, has raised considerable interest in telomerase as a possible anticancer therapy. Recent advances in the cloning and characterization of mammalian telomerase components have paved the way for a more detailed understanding of the role of telomerase and telomere length maintenance in cell proliferation. Here, we summarize the most recent biochemical and genetic evidence suggesting that telomere length maintenance by telomerase is critical to the proliferative ability of some immortalized mammalian cells in culture and in vivo.
RiMOM: A Dynamic Multistrategy Ontology Alignment Framework (2008)

Ontology alignment identifies semantically matching entities in different ontologies. Various ontology alignment strategies have been proposed; however, few systems have explored how to automatically combine multiple strategies to improve the matching effectiveness. This paper presents a dynamic multistrategy ontology alignment framework, named RiMOM. The key insight in this framework is that similarity characteristics between ontologies may vary widely. We propose a systematic approach to quantitatively estimate the similarity characteristics for each alignment task and propose a strategy selection method to automatically combine the matching strategies based on two estimated factors. In the approach, we consider both textual and structural characteristics of ontologies. With RiMOM, we participated in the 2006 and 2007 campaigns of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI). Our system is among the top three performers in benchmark data sets.
Phase change in microchannel heat sink under forced convection boiling (2002)

A microchannel heat sink system, consisting of parallel microchannels, distributed temperature micro-sensors and a local heater, has been fabricated and characterized. V-grooves with hydraulic diameter of either 40 /spl mu/m or 80 /spl mu/m were formed by bulk silicon etching. The heater and temperature microsensor array were fabricated using surface micromachining. Microchannels were realized by bonding a glass wafer to the silicon substrate, resulting in a transparent cover for flow visualization. Phase change during the boiling process was studied under forced convection conditions, where DI water was used as the working fluid. No boiling plateau, associated with latent heat, has been observed in the boiling curves of microchannel heat sinks. Flow visualization was carried out to understand the boiling mechanism in such a system. Three phase-change modes were observed depending on the input power level. Local nucleation boiling within the microchannels occurred at low power level. At moderate levels, large bubbles developed at the inlet/outlet regions, and the upstream bubbles were forced through the channels and out of the system. At higher input power levels, a stable annular flow mode was observed, where a thin liquid film coated each channel wall until critical heat flux conditions developed with a dryout of the system.
67.3: New Driving Method for Reducing Eye Strain Technology (REST) in Displaying Still Image Using CAAC IGZO LC Display (2013)

Abstract We applied a method for extending an interval between data rewrite operations in displaying still images to various combinations of liquid crystal materials and alignment films, and confirmed that this method suppressed flickers in data rewriting. Extending this interval during still image display will reduce eye strain.
Antisense DNA Downregulates Protein Kinase C Isozymes (β and α) and Insulin-Stimulated 2-Deoxyglucose Uptake in Rat Adipocytes (1991)

Rat adipocytes were treated with antisense dimethoxytrityl pentadecadeoxynucleotides, complementary to mRNA initiation codon regions for alpha and beta isozymes of protein kinase C (PKC). This antisense treatment provoked 50-70% decreases in PKC and insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake, but did not inhibit insulin-stimulated diacylglycerol synthesis. Sense or nonsense oligodeoxynucleotides were without effect on PKC and 2-deoxyglucose uptake. These results suggest that: (i) PKC-alpha and PKC-beta isozymes can be specifically downregulated in rat adipocytes by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, and (ii) insulin-stimulated glucose transport requires PKC.
Trace element concentration as a function of particle size in fly ash from a pulverized coal utility boiler (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrace element concentration as a function of particle size in fly ash from a pulverized coal utility boilerGregory R. Markowski and Roy. FilbyCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1985, 19, 9, 796–804Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/es00139a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
TMTP1, a Novel Tumor-Homing Peptide Specifically Targeting Metastasis (2008)

Our results suggest that TMTP1 is a potential strategy for the development of new diagnostic tracers or alternative anticancer agents for tumor metastasis.
The Secreted G Protein of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Antagonizes Antibody-Mediated Restriction of Replication Involving Macrophages and Complement (2012)

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G and F glycoproteins are the neutralization antigens, and G also is expressed in a soluble form (sG). Previously, sG was demonstrated to reduce the efficiency of RSV antibody-mediated neutralization by serving as an antigen decoy and to inhibit the antibody-mediated antiviral effects of Fc receptor-bearing leukocytes. The present study demonstrated that effective antibody-mediated restriction in vivo, and the evasion of this restriction by sG, involves pulmonary macrophages and complement, but not neutrophils.
Suppression and Reversal of Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Guinea Pigs with a Non-Encephalitogenic Analogue of the Tryptophan Region of the Myelin Basic Protein (1976)

Abstract The administration of synthetic peptide S42 leads to suppression and reversal of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in guinea pigs by myelin basic protein. Peptide S42 contains a linear sequence of 21 amino acid residues, H-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gln-Lys-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gln-Lys-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gln-Lys-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gln-Lys-Gly-OH, made up of four repeating unit sequences of H-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gln-Lys-OH in addition to a C-terminal glycine. Injected at relatively high doses, peptide S42 is non-encephalitogenic. It induces delayed-type hypersensitivity which is not followed by EAE, and elicits delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in peptide S42, encephalitogenic tryptophan peptide, or BP-challenged animals for either of the three antigens. The repeating unit sequence of peptide S42 is analogous to the encephalitogenic tryptophan region of the BP molecule. The sequence homology is responsible for cellular recognition of this antigen by the skin test assay and suggests similar in vivo interaction between peptide S42 and EAE-inducing cells leading to suppression and reversal of disease.
Genes upregulated in the human trabecular meshwork in response to elevated intraocular pressure. (2000)

Elevated IOP induced specific upregulation of 11 physiologically relevant genes. On the basis of their known activities, the products of each of these genes might predict homeostatic mechanisms similar to those involved in the regulation of blood vessel permeability. We hypothesize that similar mechanisms might be involved in regulating flow through Schlemm's Canal endothelium.
Methane emissions estimate from airborne measurements over a western United States natural gas field (2013)

Abstract Methane (CH 4 ) emissions from natural gas production are not well quantified and have the potential to offset the climate benefits of natural gas over other fossil fuels. We use atmospheric measurements in a mass balance approach to estimate CH 4 emissions of 55 ± 15 × 10 3 kg h −1 from a natural gas and oil production field in Uintah County, Utah, on 1 day: 3 February 2012. This emission rate corresponds to 6.2%–11.7% (1σ) of average hourly natural gas production in Uintah County in the month of February. This study demonstrates the mass balance technique as a valuable tool for estimating emissions from oil and gas production regions and illustrates the need for further atmospheric measurements to determine the representativeness of our single‐day estimate and to better assess inventories of CH 4 emissions.
Identification of MXRA5 as a novel biomarker in colorectal cancer (2012)

In our previous study, significantly high expression levels of matrix-remodeling associated 5 (MXRA5) were identified in fresh-cultured colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues compared with their normal adjacent mucosa by differential secretome analysis. Whether MXRA5 is a potential serum biomarker of CRC has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MXRA5 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients. The MXRA5 expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 20 colorectal adenoma tissues, 156 CRC tissues and their corresponding adjacent normal mucosa. Relative quantity (RQ) value and immunoreactive score (IRS) were used for quantitative assessment. The staining for MXRA5 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm of CRC cells. All CRC tissues were positively stained, with a higher expression rate (IRS>4) of 67% (105/156), and a lower expression rate (IRS≤4) of 33% (51/156). Meanwhile, their corresponding normal tissues exhibited little positive staining; the higher expression rate was 0% (0/156) and the lower expression rate was 25% (16/156). Additionally, more than half of the adenoma tissues were positively stained; the higher expression rate was 15% (3/20) and the lower expression rate was 50% (10/20). The MXRA5 protein positive staining rates were significantly correlated with the lesion sites (colon vs. rectum, 76 vs. 59%), TNM staging (I+II vs. III+IV, 56 vs. 73%) and metastasis (present vs. absent; 76 vs. 61%) with the most high positive staining rate observable in omental metastasis (82%). However, MXRA5 mRNA expression levels showed no significant differences between CRC tissues and their corresponding normal tissues, and no significant correlation between IRS and corresponding RQ value was observed. In this study, we present the first evaluation of MXRA5 protein expression in CRC tissue. Our results revealed that MXRA5 protein is aberrantly expressed in CRC tissues, and has potential value in early detection of CRC and prediction of omental metastasis.
A radioimmunoassay for the detection of adrenal autoantibodies. (1986)

A solid phase radioimmunoassay for adrenal antibodies is described. In the assay plastic tubes coated with adrenal microsomes (100 micrograms/ml) were incubated with human sera diluted from 1:50 to 1:5000 and the retained antibodies detected by subsequent incubation with 125I-labelled protein A. The method was precise over the range of serum dilution of 1:250 to 1:5000. In the group of 30 patients with Addison's disease 19 had positive results in adrenal antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA). Comparative studies of RIA and immunofluorescence (IFL) revealed that there was partial correlation of adrenal antibody results in patients with high titre antibodies whereas RIA usually was more sensitive than IFL in patients with low titre antibodies. Computerized tomography (CT) displayed bilateral adrenal atrophy in most patients who had adrenal antibodies. On the other hand, patients with low RIA results and negative IFL antibodies had predominantly adrenal calcifications on scans.
Multidimensional signatures in antimicrobial peptides (2004)

Conventional analyses distinguish between antimicrobial peptides by differences in amino acid sequence. Yet structural paradigms common to broader classes of these molecules have not been established. The current analyses examined the potential conservation of structural themes in antimicrobial peptides from evolutionarily diverse organisms. Using proteomics, an antimicrobial peptide signature was discovered to integrate stereospecific sequence patterns and a hallmark three-dimensional motif. This striking multidimensional signature is conserved among disulfide-containing antimicrobial peptides spanning biological kingdoms, and it transcends motifs previously limited to defined peptide subclasses. Experimental data validating this model enabled the identification of previously unrecognized antimicrobial activity in peptides of known identity. The multidimensional signature model provides a unifying structural theme in broad classes of antimicrobial peptides, will facilitate discovery of antimicrobial peptides as yet unknown, and offers insights into the evolution of molecular determinants in these and related host defense effector molecules.
From THF to Furan:  Activity Tuning and Mechanistic Insight via Sidearm Donor Replacement in Group IV Amine Bis(phenolate) Polymerization Catalysts (2003)

Weakening the sidearm donor of amine bis(phenolate) titanium and zirconium polymerization catalysts causes a 10-fold enhancement in activity of the former and no difference in activity of the latter, while increasing the termination to propagation ratios in both.
TAT‐mediated endocytotic delivery of the loop deletion Bcl‐2 protein protects neurons against cell death (2005)

Protein delivery mediated by protein transduction domains (PTD) such as the HIV-1 TAT-PTD has emerged as a promising approach for neuroprotection. The objective of this study was to generate and evaluate the neuroprotective potential of TAT fusion proteins using constructs based on Bcl-2 anti-death family proteins. A TAT-Bcl-2 construct with the loop domain deleted (TAT-Bcl-2Deltaloop) was tested for its ability to transduce neuronal cells and to promote survival. The potential mechanism of TAT-mediated protein internalization in neural cells was also investigated. The purified TAT-Bcl-2Deltaloop binds to neural cell and rat brain mitochondria, and transduces cultured neural cell lines and primary cortical neurons when used at nm concentrations. Effective internalization of TAT-Bcl-2Deltaloop occurs at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C, consistent with an endocytotic process. Both cell association and internalization require interaction of TAT-Bcl-2Deltaloop with cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. TAT-mediated protein delivery in neuronal cells occurs through a lipid raft-dependent endocytotic process, inhibited by the cholesterol-sequestering agent nystatin. Transducible loop deleted Bcl-2 increases the survival of cortical neurons following trophic factor withdrawal and also rescues neural cell lines from staurosporine-induced death. These results support the concept of using protein transduction of Bcl-2 constructs for neuroprotection.
Significance of Tubulointerstitial Changes in the Renal Cortex for the Excretory Function and Concentration Ability of the Kidney: A Morphometric Contribution (1987)

This is an editorial review of investigations into the correlation of structure and function of the kidney in various inflammatory and noninflammatory glomerular diseases and in focal and diffuse interstitial nephritis. In detail these investigations produced the following results: (1) The excretory function of the glomeruli for substances usually eliminated with the urine is, in the case of inflammatory and noninflammatory glomerular diseases, detrimentally affected by tubulointerstitial changes, i.e. by processes accompanied by interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Likewise primary interstitial renal diseases when accompanied by interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy may lead to reduction in GFR. (2) Inflammatory and noninflammatory glomerular diseases, even when very severe, are not accompanied by a measurable reduction in GFR when the renal cortex interstitium shows no changes and the tubules exhibit no pathological findings. (3) The concentration ability of the kidney, too, depends primarily on tubulointerstitial changes and not primarily on a reduction of the glomerular filtration surface area. As interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy increase, the maximum concentration ability of the kidney decreases, even when the glomerular structure is preserved. (4) The decrease in GFR in the case of processes in the renal cortex accompanied by severe interstitial fibrosis is the result of the reduction of the number and of the area of the postglomerular vessels, i.e. the result of an impeded outflow from the glomeruli and of a concomitant slower circulation through the glomeruli. (5) In the case of inflammatory and noninflammatory glomerular and extraglomerular renal diseases accompanied by slight interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, the GFR is detrimentally affected via a hormonally controlled self-regulating mechanism (Thurau-mechanism) in the form as modified by Baumbach and Skott and Leyssac. The glomerular function thereby adapts to an insufficient tubular function, without there necessarily being any structural changes in the glomeruli.