gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAffinity Capillary ElectrophoresisYen-Ho Chu, Luis Z. Avila, Jinming Gao, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 11, 461–468Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00059a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00059a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views817Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atopic Dermatitis (2010)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing disease affecting an increasing number of patients. Usually starting in early childhood, AD can be the initial step of the so-called atopic march, i.e. followed by allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. AD is a paradigmatic genetically complex disease involving gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Genetic linkage analysis as well as association studies have identified several candidate genes linked to either the epidermal barrier function or to the immune system. Stress, bacterial or viral infections, the exposure to aero- or food-allergens as well as hygienic factors are discussed to aggravate symptoms of AD. Athough generalized Th2-deviated immune response is closely linked to the condition of AD, the skin disease itself is a biphasic inflammation with an initial Th2 phase and while chronic lesions harbour Th0/Th1 cells. Regulatory T cells have been shown to be altered in AD as well as the innate immune system in the skin. The main treatment-goals include the elimination of inflammation and infection, preserving and restoring the barrier function and controlling exacerbating factors. The overall future strategy in AD will be aimed to control skin inflammation by a more proactive management in order to potentially prevent the emergence of sensitization as well as to design customized management based on genetic and pathophysiologic information.
Anaemia in end-stage renal disease: pathophysiological considerations (2001)

Anaemia is a frequent complication of many diseases but the mechanisms that link reduced blood oxygen content to the long-term consequences of anaemia are incompletely understood. The maintenance of oxygen supply to the tissues during anaemia involves complex cardiovascular adaptations, including an increase in cardiac output, reduced peripheral resistance and increased oxygen extraction from haemoglobin (Hb). In addition, hypoxia-inducible factors are associated with the transcriptional activation of genes involved in adaptive mechanisms that increase oxygen delivery and provide alternative metabolic pathways. The complex pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease alters the adaptations to anaemia in uraemic patients. The increased cardiac output induced by anaemia is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac disease in renal patients. Alterations in endothelial cell function, common in renal disease, may diminish endothelium-induced vasodilatation, increase the risk of atherosclerosis and impair angiogenesis. Many potential reasons for erythropoietin-induced hypertension in uraemic patients have been postulated, including increased blood viscosity as haematocrit rises, a reversal of hypoxic vasodilatation, increased blood volume that is not compensated by haemodialysis, ultrafiltration and impaired nitric oxide synthesis, preventing vascular relaxation in response to increased blood viscosity. In view of this impaired vascular reactivity, rapid increases in haematocrit should be avoided during epoetin treatment. As the interaction between anaemia and uraemia is very complex, it is not possible to derive the optimal Hb concentration for individual patients by using simple physiological or pathophysiological models and there is a need for good randomized controlled clinical trials to address this issue.
Overview of implementation of DARPA GPU program in SAIC (2008)

This paper reviews the implementation of DARPA MTO STAP-BOY program for both Phase I and II conducted at Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). The STAP-BOY program conducts fast covariance factorization and tuning techniques for space-time adaptive process (STAP) Algorithm Implementation on Graphics Processor unit (GPU) Architectures for Embedded Systems. The first part of our presentation on the DARPA STAP-BOY program will focus on GPU implementation and algorithm innovations for a prototype radar STAP algorithm. The STAP algorithm will be implemented on the GPU, using stream programming (from companies such as PeakStream, ATI Technologies' CTM, and NVIDIA) and traditional graphics APIs. This algorithm will include fast range adaptive STAP weight updates and beamforming applications, each of which has been modified to exploit the parallel nature of graphics architectures.
Iron transport and regulation, cell signalling and genomics: lessons from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas (2002)

A variety of bacterial species secrete and take up chelating compounds that enable acquisition of iron (siderophores). It has become clear that a common feature in regulation of different iron acquisition systems is the involvement of alternative sigma factor proteins of the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) family. Two of these proteins, PvdS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and FecI from Escherichia coli K-12, have been studied extensively. PvdS directs transcription of genes required for the biosynthesis of a siderophore, pyoverdine, and FecI causes expression of genes for uptake of ferric citrate. FecI forms part of a signalling system that responds to the presence of ferric citrate. Here, we review recent advances in understanding of PvdS and of the Fec signalling system. PvdS and FecI are part of a distinct subfamily of ECF sigma factors involved in iron acquisition and hence named the iron-starvation sigmas. Analysis of microbial genome sequences shows that Fec-like signalling systems are present in a wide range of species and many such systems may be present in a single species. The availability of tools for large-scale genome analysis is likely to lead to rapid advances in our understanding of this expanding family of proteins.
Efficient selection of high-producing subclones during gene amplification of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells by flow cytometry and cell sorting (2000)

The screening procedure for high-producing cell lines is extremely time- and labor-intensive and costly, and is at present guided by an empirical approach based on individual experience. Flow cytometry and cell sorting, with its ability to analyze and separate single cells, an ideal method in the selection of such rare cells. The isolation of recombinant cell lines is especially difficult due to repeated gene amplification, which introduces high mutational variation into the population. We have established and evaluated a modification of a previous method that traps secreted product on the surface of the secreting cell, thus allowing direct analysis of single cell specific production rates. This method was used to select for high-producing subclones of a recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line producing a human antibody against HIV-1 by repeated rounds of gene amplification and cell sorting. This cell line has been amplified in previous investigations, so that the amount of work and testing required by traditional methods can be compared with the protocol described herein. Forty-five 96-well plates were necessary to obtain a high-producing subclone by limited dilution methods, whereas only five plates were required when cell sorting was used. The specific production rate of the best clone obtained by sorting, however, was five times that of the clone obtained by traditional methods. In contrast to the clones obtained by limited dilution, which consisted of several populations of low- and high-producing cells even at high methotrexate concentrations (6.4 microM), the clones isolated by sorting were already homogeneous at 0.8 microM methotrexate.
Deoxyhypusine synthase gene is essential for cell viability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

Deoxyhypusine synthase catalyzes the first of two steps in the biosynthesis of hypusine, a modification of a specific lysine residue in the precursor of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A. We have purified deoxyhypusine synthase from yeast, and cloned and sequenced the corresponding gene encoding a 387-amino acid protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene disruption experiments indicated that the deoxyhypusine synthase gene is essential for cell growth in yeast. This gene was shown to be an intron-free, single-copy gene, and its product can catalyze the synthesis of deoxyhypusine equally in two precursor forms of eIF-5A, derived from two distinct genes of yeast.
Bacteremia in febrile Malawian children: clinical and microbiologic features (2000)

Bacteremia is common in hospitalized Malawian children and has a high mortality. There are high rates of resistance to some of the commonly used antibacterial agents.
Assessing Aircraft Supply Air to Recommend Compounds for Timely Warning of Contamination (2012)

Taking aircraft out of service for even one day to correct fume-in-cabin events can cost the industry roughly $630 million per year in lost revenue. The quantitative correlation study investigated quantitative relationships between measured concentrations of contaminants in bleed air and probability of odor detectability. Data were collected from 94 aircraft engine and auxiliary power unit (APU) bleed air tests from an archival data set between 1997 and 2011, and no relationships were found. Pearson correlation was followed by regression analysis for individual contaminants. Significant relationships of concentrations of compounds in bleed air to probability of odor detectability were found (p&lt;0.05), as well as between compound concentration and probability of sensory irritancy detectability. Study results may be useful to establish early warning levels. Predictive trend monitoring, a method to identify potential pending failure modes within a mechanical system, may influence scheduled down-time for maintenance as a planned event, rather than repair after a mechanical failure and thereby reduce operational costs associated with odor-in-cabin events. Twenty compounds (independent variables) were found statistically significant as related to probability of odor detectability (dependent variable 1). Seventeen compounds (independent variables) were found statistically significant as related to probability of sensory irritancy detectability (dependent variable 2). Additional research was recommended to further investigate relationships between concentrations of contaminants and probability of odor detectability or probability of sensory irritancy detectability for all turbine oil brands. Further research on implementation of predictive trend monitoring may be warranted to demonstrate how the monitoring process might be applied to in-flight application.
VII. Therapeutic Uses of Radioactive Isotopes in the Royal Cancer Hospital (1950)

The treatment of malignant disease by radioactive isotopes in the Royal Cancer Hospital was undertaken with care and circumspection. Many problems of protection and measurement had to be solved and much necessary equipment provided by the Physics Department before clinical studies could commence. In this paper I shall indicate the general scope of our work, with special reference to certain aspects of it which appear encouraging. We are still very far from being able to select, on sound clinical and physical grounds, those patients likely to do well with any particular isotope. We know little of the optimum size and spacing of doses. Finally, though we can estimate and, in some cases, measure in röntgens or equivalent röntgens the amount of radiation delivered to tissues, these numerical values seem often to bear no relation to the doses in röntgens with which we, as radiotherapists, are familiar. For these reasons, therefore, we have accepted for treatment only those patients for whom established surgical or radiotherapeutic techniques have nothing to offer. Our experience has, in the main, been with three isotopes: (1) Na24; (2) I131; (3) P32. These will be considered separately. A spherical rubber bag containing Na24 as the chloride in aqueous solution has been used as a surface applicator to irradiate the mucosa of the bladder. We have attempted to develop a technique for the treatment of lesions that at present fall between several stools, those in which there is malignant or pre-malignant change in a large area of the mucosa, without demonstrable spread to a depth of more than a few millimetres.
Glucose Up-regulates Thrombospondin 1 Gene Transcription and Transforming Growth Factor-β Activity through Antagonism of cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase Repression via Upstream Stimulatory Factor 2 (2004)

Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) transcription is stimulated by glucose, resulting in increased TGF-beta activation and matrix protein synthesis. We previously showed that inducible expression of the catalytic domain of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibits glucose-regulated TSP1 transcription and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta activity in stably transfected rat mesangial cells (RMCs(tr/cd)). However, the molecular mechanisms by which PKG represses glucose-regulated TSP1 transcription are unknown. Using a luciferase-promoter deletion assay, we now identify a single region of the human TSP1 promoter (-1172 to -878, relative to the transcription start site) that is responsive to glucose. Further characterization of this region identified an 18-bp sequence that specifically binds nuclear proteins from mesangial cells. Moreover, binding is significantly enhanced by high glucose treatment and is reduced by increased PKG activity. Gel mobility shift and supershift assays show that the nuclear proteins binding to the 18-bp sequence are USF1 and -2. USF1 and USF2 bound to the endogenous TSP1 promoter using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Glucose stimulates nuclear USF2 protein accumulation through protein kinase C, p38 MAPK, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways. Increased PKG activity down-regulates USF2 protein levels and its DNA binding activity under high glucose conditions, resulting in inhibition of glucose-induced TSP1 transcription and TGF-beta activity. Overexpression of USF2 reversed the inhibitory effect of PKG on glucose-induced TSP1 gene transcription and TGF-beta activity. Taken together these data present the first evidence that USF2 mediates glucose-induced TSP1 expression and TSP1-dependent TGF-beta bioactivity in mesangial cells, suggesting that USF2 is an important transcriptional regulator of diabetic complications.
Plasma elastase alpha 1-antitrypsin and lactoferrin in sepsis: evidence for neutrophils as mediators in fatal sepsis. (1992)

Increased vasopermeability and vasodilation, presumably the result of endothelial perturbation, are considered among the basic pathogenetic mechanisms in septic shock. Neutrophils have been implicated as a source for mediators in endothelial injury. We measured elastase-alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) complexes and lactoferrin as markers for release of neutrophil granule contents in plasma from patients with sepsis on admission to the Intensive Care Unit, and we delineated the relationship of neutrophil activation to other inflammatory parameters and to hemodynamic and biochemical parameters. Levels of elastase-alpha 1AT and lactoferrin significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.58; p less than 0.008), and were increased (greater than 3.33 and 5 nmol/L, respectively) in 96% and 71% of the patients, respectively. Lactoferrin, but not elastase-alpha 1AT, correlated with the number of white blood cells (r = 0.38; p = 0.008). Elastase-alpha 1 AT levels were significantly higher (p = 0.008), whereas white blood cell counts were lower (p = 0.015) in patients with shock when compared with patients without abnormal blood pressure. Both elastase-alpha 1AT and lactoferrin levels correlated with lactate levels (r = 0.33; p = 0.024 and r = 0.30; p = 0.04), suggesting a role for neutrophil activation in the pathogenesis of hypoxygenation. In addition, elastase-alpha 1AT correlated with the concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6) (r = 0.46; p = 0.001) and C3a (r = 0.38; p = 0.009), suggesting that cytokines and complement may contribute to the degranulation of neutrophils in sepsis. Elastase-alpha 1AT complexes were inversely related to C1-inhibitor (r = -0.33; p = 0.028) and to platelet numbers (r = -0.42; p = 0.003). Levels of elastase-alpha 1AT complexes in plasma appeared to be of prognostic significance; levels were higher in 27 patients who died than in 21 patients who survived (p = 0.01). The mortality in 27 patients with concentrations below 10 nM was 37%, whereas it was 81% in 21 patients with higher levels. The overall mortality in this study was 56%. These results provide further evidence that activation and degranulation of neutrophils, induced by multiple agonists, are involved in the development of fatal complications in patients with sepsis.
Inhibition of Human Lymphocyte-Mediated Mitogen-Induced Cytotoxicity of Murine L-929 Cells by Heterologous Anti-Human Lymphotoxin Antisera In Vitro (1977)

Heterologous anti-human lymphotoxin (LT) antisera have been employed to investigate the role of LT in mitogen-(Con-A, PHA) induced destruction of murine L-929 cells by human lymphocytes in vitro. These various antisera will effectively neutralize human LT molecules associated with the stable (70 to 90,000 dalton) alpha-LT class of cytotoxin (anti-alpha-LT), the more unstable (35 to 50,000 dalton) beta-LT class of cytotoxins (anti-beta-LT), and antisera which will neutralize all classes of these cytotoxins in vitro, anti-whole supernatant (anti-W.S.). These anti-LT sera will greatly inhibit lysis of L-929 cells by using mitogen-activated human effector lymphocytes in vitro. This blocking was shown to be mediated by whole serum, purified IgG, or IgG-Fab fragments, which had been extensively absorbed with bovine serum, human serum, mitogens, and normal human lymphocytes. Inhibition of lysis was not apparently due to interference with either lymphocyte-target cell contact or lymphocyte activation step(s). The blocking effects of these sera were also shown to occur during the lymphocyte-independent phase of the lytic reaction. These data support the concept that the lymphocyte deposits an LT-like effector molecule on the target-L cell surface during the lymphocyte-dependent phase, which mediates cell lysis at a later time during the lymphocyte-independent phase.
Fetal Electrocardiogram Enhancement by Time-Sequenced Adaptive Filtering (1982)

An adaptive method for performing optimal time-varying filtering of nonstationary signals having a recurring statistical character, e.g., recurring pulses in noise, has been proposed. This method, called time-sequenced adaptive filtering, is applied to the enhancement of abdominally derived fetal electrocardiograms against background muscle noise. It is shown that substantial improvement in terms of signal distortion is obtained when time-sequenced filtering, rather than conventional time-invariant filtering, is employed. The method requires two or more abdominal channels containing correlated signal components, but uncorrelated muscle noise components. The location of the fetal pulses in time must be estimated in order to synchronize the filter's time-varying impulse response to the fetal cardiac cycle.
An Iterative Image Registration Technique with an Application to Stereo Vision (1981)

Image registration finds a variety of applications in computer vision. Unfortunately, traditional image registration techniques tend to be costly. We present a new image registration technique that makes use of the spatial intensity gradient of the images to find a good match using a type of Newton-Raphson iteration. Our technique is faster because it examines far fewer potential matches between the images than existing techniques. Furthermore, this registration technique can be generalized to handle rotation, scaling and shearing. We show show our technique can be adapted for use in a stereo vision system. 1. Introduction Image registration finds a variety of applications in computer vision, such as image matching for stereo vision, pattern recognition, and motion analysis. Untortunately, existing techniques for image registration tend to be costly. Moreover, they generally fail to deal with rotation or other distortions of the images. In this paper we present a new image registratio...
Islet amyloid polypeptide: Identification and chromosomal localization of the human gene (1988)

Islet or insulinoma amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a 37 amino acid polypeptide isolated from pancreatic amyloid. Here, we describe the isolation and partial characterization of the human gene encoding IAPP. The DNA sequence predicts that IAPP is excised from a larger precursor protein and that its carboxy-terminus is probably amidated. The predicted normally occurring IAPP is identical to the reported polypeptides isolated from pancreatic amyloid, except for the amidated carboxy-terminus. IAPP specific polyadenylated RNAs of 1.6 kb and 2.1 kb are present in human insulinoma RNA. The human IAPP gene is located on chromosome 12.