gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The quantitative and qualitative defect of CD4+ CD45RO+ memory‐type T cells are involved in the abnormality of TH1 immunity in atopic dermatitis patients (1999)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from atopic dermatitis (AD) patients produced low levels of IFN‐γ in response to Dermatophagoides farinae antigen (Der f Ag) plus IL‐2 or OKT3 MoAb in contrast with PBMCs obtained from healthy donors. The reduced IFN‐γ production in AD patients’ T cells appeared to be derived from the defect of CD4 + T cells but not CD8 + T cells. Indeed, from the cytoplasmic staining analysis of cytokines, it was demonstrated that the frequency of IFN‐γ producing CD4 + T cells (TH1 cells) in AD patients was markedly lower than that of healthy donors. From the phenotypic analysis using flow cytometry, it was also found that the number of CD4 + CD45RO + memory type T cells was significantly reduced in AD patients compared with that of healthy donors. In addition to quantitative defect of memory type CD4 + T cells, functional defect of CD4 + CD45RO + memory type T cells was also demonstrated in AD patients. Enriched CD4 + CD45RO + T cells obtained from AD patients, who exhibited greatly reduced delayed‐type hypersensitibity (DTH) response in tuberculin test, showed no significant TH1 immunity in terms of IFN‐γ production by stimulation with OKT3 MoAb or purified protein derivative (PPD). Thus, the immunological abnortmality of TH1 immunity in AD patients appeared to be induced in concomitant with both the quantitative and qualitative defect of memory type CD4 + T cells.
The Chemical and Biological Versatility of Riboflavin (2000)

Since their discovery and chemical characterization in the 1930s, flavins have been recognized as being capable of both one- and two-electron transfer processes, and as playing a pivotal role in coupling the two-electron oxidation of most organic substrates to the one-electron transfers of the respiratory chain. In addition, they are now known as versatile compounds that can function as electrophiles and nucleophiles, with covalent intermediates of flavin and substrate frequently being involved in catalysis. Flavins are thought to contribute to oxidative stress through their ability to produce superoxide, but at the same time flavins are frequently involved in the reduction of hydroperoxides, products of oxygen-derived radical reactions. Flavoproteins play an important role in soil detoxification processes via the hydroxylation of many aromatic compounds, and a simple flavoprotein in liver microsomes catalyses many reactions similar to those carried out by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Flavins are involved in the production of light in bioluminescent bacteria, and are intimately connected with light-initiated reactions such as plant phototropism and nucleic acid repair processes. Recent reports also link them to programmed cell death. The chemical versatility of flavoproteins is clearly controlled by specific interactions with the proteins with which they are bound. One of the main thrusts of current research is to try to define the nature of these interactions, and to understand in chemical terms the various steps involved in catalysis by flavoprotein enzymes.
Gene therapy for liver diseases: recent strategies for treatment of viral hepatitis and liver malignancies (2002)

Gene therapy has emerged as a powerful and very plastic tool to regulate biological functions in diseased tissues with application in virtually all medical fields. An increasing number of experimental and clinical studies underline the importance of genes as curative agents in the future. However, intense research is needed to evaluate the potential of gene therapy to improve efficacy and minimise the toxicity of the procedure.
A Novel Telomerase-Specific Gene Therapy: Gene Transfer of Caspase-8 Utilizing the Human Telomerase Catalytic Subunit Gene Promoter (2000)

Apoptosis is a genetically encoded cell death process and is a pathway that may be disrupted in tumor cells. Therefore, therapies that restore the ability to undergo apoptosis are promising for the treatment of tumor cells. We have demonstrated that the transfer of apoptosis-inducible genes inhibits the growth of tumors in vitro and in vivo through induction of apoptosis. However, to restrict induction of apoptosis to tumor cells, we need to explore a tumor-specific expression system of these genes. In the present study, we developed the telomerase-specific transfer system of apoptosis-inducible genes, utilizing the promoter of the human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) gene. Approximately 90% of tumors have telomerase activity whereas most normal cells do not express the activity. These observations indicate that telomerase is a particularly attractive target for the tumor-specific expression system of vectors. We demonstrate here that by using the hTERT promoter-driven caspase-8 expression vector (hTERT/caspase-8), apoptosis is restricted to telomerase-positive tumor cells of wide range, and is not seen in normal fibroblast cells without telomerase activity. Furthermore, treatment of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice with the hTERT/caspase-8 construct inhibited tumor growth significantly because of induction of apoptosis (p < 0.01). The telomerase-specific expression of apoptosis-inducible genes afforded by the hTERT promoter, therefore, may be a novel and promising targeting approach for the treatment of tumors with telomerase activity.
Performance evaluation of the nearest feature line method in image classification and retrieval (2000)

A method, the nearest feature line (NFL) method, is used in image classification and retrieval and its performance is evaluated and compared with other methods by extensive experiments. The NFL method is demonstrated to make efficient use of knowledge about multiple prototypes of a class to represent that class.
Geomicrobiology: Life Goes to Extremes in the Deep Earth--and Elsewhere? (1997)

Life underground has always been abundant in literature and folklore—dragons guarding their caves, fairy folk under the hill, dwarves mining precious metals in the depths. But when scientists have considered life's role in the subsurface, they have been a good deal less imaginative. Until recently, the conventional wisdom was that the rich life on the surface petered out to sterility not far beneath the soil, and occasional claims that some deep, ancient rock had yielded living microbes were greeted with extreme skepticism. No longer.
40 nm broadband SOA-Raman hybrid amplifier (2002)

A hybrid SOA-Raman amplifier scheme with over 40 nm operational bandwidth has been demonstrated. This novel and simple configuration can significantly increase span length and optical signal-to-noise ratio. Q-factors are measured to optimize the operating condition for the two schemes. The performance is related to crosstalk in SOA and overall OSNR.
LA ORIENTACIÓN EN EL MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN PÚBLICA COSTARRICENSE (2015)

Este documento presenta una breve reseña histórica del origen de la Orientación como servicio que se ofrece en las instituciones educativas, el marco legal que lo sustenta, su organización y modalidades de trabajo, entre otros elementos. Se incluyen también aspectos teóricos de la Orientación como disciplina, lo cual permite contextualizar, por ejemplo, las modalidades de trabajo en escuelas y colegios. Se evidencia el hecho de que la Orientación en el Ministerio de Educación Pública tiene un sustento legal, cumple la doble función de coadyuvar como asignatura en el desarrollo integral del estudiantado y desarrollar como servicio los procesos de orientación. Asimismo, se definen los principios y propósitos de esta área y las principales modalidades de intervención que utiliza como la Orientación Grupal, la individual y el asesoramiento.
Adeno-Associated Virus: a Vector System for Efficient Introduction and Integration of DNA into a Variety of Mammalian Cell Types (1988)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a single-stranded DNA parvovirus that is dependent on adenovirus or herpesvirus for reproductive functions. We describe the construction of recombinant AAV vectors containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene or the neomycin phosphotransferase gene. These vectors carried their respective genes into a wide variety of cell types, including primary skin fibroblasts and hematopoietic cells. Infection efficiencies varied with cell type and ranged up to 3.0%. Coinfection of two different recombinant viruses was also used to introduce two different sequences simultaneously into a given cell. Finally, methods for obtaining recombinant AAV vectors with minimal contamination of wild-type virus are described. These various attributes of AAV vectors make them a viable DNA transduction system.
Synthesis of selenones: a comparative study (1985)

A. Krief, W. Dumont, J. Denis, G. Evrard and B. Norberg, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 569 DOI: 10.1039/C39850000569
Evaluation of a New Culture Medium for Borrelia burgdorferi (2000)

We evaluated the new MPM medium for the growth of Borrelia burgdorferi. All 18 blood samples from 17 patients with Lyme disease were negative. Growth studies showed that by day 4, most organisms in MPM were not viable. Our results reinforce the use of BSK medium as the primary choice for growing B. burgdorferi.
A new effective non‐invasive method of cooling patients with malignant hyperthermia (2008)

Malignant hyperthermia is a life-threatening condition triggered by volatile anaesthetics or depolarizing muscle relaxants. A rise body temperature is seen and treatment involves the administration of intravenous dantrolene and correction of hyperthermia [1]. Unfortunately, as dantrolene is extremely viscous, it takes a considerable amount of time to prepare and deliver. To mitigate potential insults, the patient is cooled as rapidly as possible, though this is neither easy nor without potential risk. Although the most effective technique for both reducing and maintaining core-body temperature is by invasive intravascular cooling, this is invasive and expensive. Other ways of cooling patients include rapid intravenous or intravesicle infusions of cold fluids and non-invasive methods such as ice or ice-cold packs, cold-water circulating blankets, cold-air circulating blankets and water circulating gel-coated pads [2]. However, these methods are slower in cooling patients and require constant renewal to maintain core-body temperature at a set level. To overcome the practical difficulties associated with these invasive and non-invasive methods, we have found a new system by Laerdal (Orpington, Kent, UK), called MediCool, developed to cool patients following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. In brief, the system contains two sets, each of which contains a blanket, cap, two groin pads and two axilla pads made of water absorbing co-polymer material. The sets are soaked in water and frozen before being applied to the patient, in turn, for two hours each on a continuous cycle (Fig. 3). The average time taken to apply one of these sets to a patient is approximately 30 s. Their fabric covering protects the skin from thermal burns normally associated with ice, whilst the patient is cooled by conduction, convection and evaporation. They are single use. Volunteer demonstrating the MediCool device. In practice the central blanket and groin pads would be adjacent to the skin. We feel that this easily applied non-invasive system provides an effective alternative to traditional cooling methods for patients with malignant hyperthermia. Its application could also be extended to other situations, such as hyperthermia associated with heat stroke.
Preparation and Characterization of Chain-Extended Bismaleimide/Carbon Fibre Composites (2010)

This paper presents an experimental study of the influence of the addition of aromatic diamine (MDA) to bismaleimide (BMI) resin on the crystallinity, solubility, melting temperature, and mechanical properties of BMI/carbon composites. The modified BMI was prepared through the chain extension with MDA via Michael addition reaction with molar ratio of 3 : 2 (BMI : MDA). Both modified and unmodified BMI were characterised for chemical structure, crystallinity, melting temperature, mechanical property, and morphology and fracture behaviour using FTIR, XRD, DSC, UTM, and SEM, respectively. The FTIR results revealed the formation of polymeric chain due to the broad N-H absorption. The modified resin was semicrystalline in nature having low melting temperature and hence showed good processibility. The modification of BMI resulted in decrease of pores and increase of tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. Also, SEM studies of the tensile fractured specimens revealed that modification of BMI resulted in improved resin/fibre interfacial strength.
Enantio- and Diastereoselective Stepwise Cyclization of Polyprenoids Induced by Chiral and Achiral LBAs. A New Entry to (−)-Ambrox, (+)-Podocarpa-8,11,13-triene Diterpenoids, and (−)-Tetracyclic Polyprenoid of Sedimentary Origin (2002)

An enantio- and diastereoselective stepwise cyclization of polyprenoids induced by Lewis acid-assisted chiral Brønsted acids (chiral LBAs) and achiral LBAs is described. In particular, the absolute stereocontrol in the initial cyclization of polyprenoids to form an A-ring induced by chiral LBAs and the importance of the nucleophilicity of the internal terminator in polyprenoids for the relative stereocontrol in subsequent cyclization are demonstrated. (-)-Ambrox was synthesized via the enantioselective cyclization of (E,E)-homofarnesyl triethylsilyl ether with tin(IV) chloride-coordinated (R)-2-(o-fluorobenzyloxy)-2'-hydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl ((R)-BINOL-o-FBn) and subsequent diastereoselective cyclization with CF(3)CO(2)H.SnCl(4) as key steps. Protection of (E,E)-homofarnesol by a triethylsilyl group increased the enantioselectivity of chiral LBA-induced cyclization and both the chemical yield and diastereoselectivity in the subsequent cyclization. The enantioselective cyclization of homo(polyprenyl)arenes possessing an aryl group was also induced by (R)-BINOL-o-FBn.SnCl(4). Several optically active podocarpa-8,11,13-triene diterpenoids and (-)-tetracyclic polyprenoid of sedimentary origin were synthesized (75-80% ee) by the enantioselective cyclization of homo(polyprenyl)benzene derivatives induced by (R)-BINOL-o-FBn.SnCl(4) and subsequent diastereoselective cyclization induced by BF(3).Et(2)O/EtNO(2) or CF(3)CO(2)H .SnCl(4).
Apolipoprotein E-Containing Lipoproteins Protect Neurons from Apoptosis via a Signaling Pathway Involving Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 (2007)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE)-containing lipoproteins (LPs) are secreted by glia and play important roles in lipid homeostasis in the CNS. Glia-derived LPs also promote synaptogenesis and stimulate axon growth of CNS neurons. Here, we provide evidence that glia-derived LPs protect CNS neurons from apoptosis by a receptor-mediated signaling pathway. The protective effect was greater for apolipoprotein E3 than for apolipoprotein E4, the expression of which is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. The anti-apoptotic effect of LPs required the association of apolipoprotein E with lipids but did not require cholesterol. Apoptosis was not prevented by lipids alone or by apoA1- or apoJ-containing lipoproteins. The prevention of neuronal apoptosis was initiated after the binding of LPs to the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), a multifunctional receptor of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family. We showed that inhibition of LRP activation, by treatment of neurons with receptor-associated protein or anti-LRP antibodies, or by LRP gene-silencing experiments, reduced the protective effect of LPs. Furthermore, another LRP ligand, alpha2-macroglobulin, also protected the neurons from apoptosis. After binding to LRP, LPs initiate a signaling pathway that involves activation of protein kinase Cdelta and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. These findings indicate the potential for using glial lipoproteins or an activator of the LRP signaling pathway for treatment for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
A noninflammatory mRNA vaccine for treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2021)

The ability to control autoreactive T cells without inducing systemic immune suppression is the major goal for treatment of autoimmune diseases. The key challenge is the safe and efficient delivery of pharmaceutically well-defined antigens in a noninflammatory context. Here, we show that systemic delivery of nanoparticle-formulated 1 methylpseudouridine-modified messenger RNA (m1Ψ mRNA) coding for disease-related autoantigens results in antigen presentation on splenic CD11c<sup>+</sup> antigen-presenting cells in the absence of costimulatory signals. In several mouse models of multiple sclerosis, the disease is suppressed by treatment with such m1Ψ mRNA. The treatment effect is associated with a reduction of effector T cells and the development of regulatory T cell (T<sub>reg</sub> cell) populations. Notably, these T<sub>reg</sub> cells execute strong bystander immunosuppression and thus improve disease induced by cognate and noncognate autoantigens.
COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: can iloprost have a role for the treatment? (2021)

Pulmonary infection of 2019-nCoV can frequently induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (pO2/FiO2) of less than 300 mmHg. Moreover, it can be complicated with cardiac injury or arrhythmia, microvascular and large-vessel thrombosis. We describe a case of a patient with COVID19-ARDS and concomitant critical ischemia of the limbs. Iloprost treatment, an analogue of a prostacyclin PGI2, was started for residual left forefoot ischemia after surgical thromboembolectomy. Unexpectedly, we documented improvement of respiratory performance and lung high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed significant regression of the diffuse pulmonary ground-glass opacity. The hypothetical mechanism is that iloprost can enhance perfusion preferentially to well-ventilated lung regions, reduce pressures of peripheral pulmonary vessels and induce reduction of lung interstitial edema. In addition, iloprost antithrombotic effect, endothelial damage repairing and neo-angiogenesis activity could play a relevant role.
G 1 Events and Regulation of Cell Proliferation (1989)

Cells prepare for S phase during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Cell biological methods have provided knowledge of cycle kinetics and of substages of G1 that are determined by extracellular signals. Through the use of biochemical and molecular biological techniques to study effects of growth factors, oncogenes, and inhibitors, intracellular events during G1 that lead to DNA synthesis are rapidly being discovered. Many cells in vivo are in a quiescent state (G0), with unduplicated DNA. Cells can be activated to reenter the cycle during G1. Similarly, cells in culture can be shifted between G0 and G1. These switches in and out of G1 are the main determinants of post-embryonic cell proliferation rate and are defectively controlled in cancer cells.
Near optimal spare capacity planning in a mesh restorable network (2002)

An algorithm has been developed for the near-optimal assignment of spare capacity in a mesh-restorable network. Test results show that it performs well with respect to an exact linear programming formulation but is also suitable for inspection of the redundancy-restorability tradeoff over its whole domain and is suitable for operational use because it can be applied in an update mode to an existing network. The application of the algorithm to a 210 span study model of the Telecom Canada network in the year 2001 is described. Sensitivity studies showed the feasibility of joint access to a shared pool of network spares for both survivability and growth provisioning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pituitary Hormones as Neurotrophic Signals: Update on Hypothalamic Differentiation in Genetic Models of Altered Feedback2 (1999)

Abstract. Studies of mutant mice that are growth hormone (GH)‐ and prolactin (PRL)‐deficient have provided evidence that these pituitary hormones have trophic, as well as dynamic, feedback effects on the hypothalamic neurons that regulate GH and PRL secretion (1). This review examines further evidence, from those animals and from recent transgenic models, for GH and PRL effects on neuronal differentiation. Characterization of the Ames dwarf ( Prop‐1〈df〉 ) mutation and discovery of other genes important to pituitary differentiation reveal an expression sequence of transcription factors, Hesx1 ( Rpx ) to P‐Lim to Prop‐1 to Pit‐1, that heralds influence on hypothalamic differentiation. Occasional expression of GH and PRL in the Ames dwarf pituitary may result from the “partial loss of function” nature of the Ames Prop‐1 mutation. In transgenic mice with moderately or extremely elevated GH levels, neurons that regulate GH exhibit respective maximum and minimum expression and cell number in inhibitory somatostatin (SRIH) and in stimulatory GH‐releasing hormone (GHRH). The phenomenon is inverted in GH‐lacking dwarfs, and patterns of SRIH underexpression and GHRH overexpression are established early in postnatal development. The differentiation of PRL‐inhibiting dopaminergic (DA) neurons is supported not only by PRL, but by human GH, which is lactogenic in rodents. Transgenic mice with peripherally expressed hGH have increased numbers of DA neurons, as opposed to the decreased DA population in PRL‐deficient dwarf mice. Rats engineered to express hGH in GHRH neurons do not show this increase, whereas spontaneously GH‐deficient dwarf rats show increased DA neuron number. These findings may be explained by feedback on neurons that co‐express GHRH and DA. Current studies suggest that Snell ( Pit‐1〈dw〉 ) dwarf mice show a more severe and earlier DA neuron deficiency than Ames dwarfs, and that PRL feedback must occur prior to 20 days of postnatal age to maintain the DA neuronal phenotype. Insights into the mechanisms of GH and PRL effects on hypophysiotropic neurons include receptor localization on identified neuronal phenotypes, including intermediate neurons that mediate dynamic feedback, and elucidation of signal transduction pathways for GH and PRL in peripheral cell types. New transgenic models of altered GH, PRL, or receptor expression offer further study of neurotrophic effects.