gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The S100 proteins for screening and prognostic grading of bladder cancer. (2007)

The S100 gene family, which is composed of at least 24 members carrying the Ca2+ binding EF-hand motif, has been implicated in both intracellular and extracellular functions, including enzyme activities, immune responses, cytoskeleton dynamics, Ca2+ homeostasis, cell growth and cell differentiation. Altered S100 protein levels are associated with a broad range of diseases, including cardiomyopathy, inflammatory and immune disorders, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Although the precise role of S100 protein in carcinogenesis is poorly understood, it seems that formation of homo- and hetero-dimers, binding of Ca2+ and interaction with effector molecules are essential for the development and progression of many cancers. Several studies have suggested that S100 proteins promote cancer progression and metastasis through cell survival and apoptosis pathways. In animal models of bladder cancer, several S100 proteins are differentially expressed in bladder tumors relative to normal urothelium. In human bladder cancer, overexpression of S100A4, S100A8 or S100A11 are associated with stage progression, invasion, metastasis and poor survival. This review summarizes these findings and evaluates their implications for human bladder cancer management.
Automated measurement of mean wall thickness in the common carotid artery by MRI: A comparison to intima‐media thickness by B‐mode ultrasound (2006)

Automated measurements of the MWT by MRI are reproducible and have a high correlation with the IMT by B-mode US.
Analysis of the first cell cycle in the cross between hamster eggs and human sperm (1989)

Golden hamster eggs fused with human sperm were pulsed with bromodeoxyuridine to determine the timing of S-phase and the length of the first cell cycle in this hybrid cross. Fused eggs were fixed and pronuclei scored for incorporation of the thymidine analogue detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Although S-phase started synchronously 3-3.5 hr after coincubation of sperm and eggs, its duration was variable such that two-cell stages appeared at 16 hr while a proportion of pronuclei was still engaged in DNA synthesis. Unlike rodent sperm chromatin, human sperm chromatin was able to participate in DNA synthesis well before its maturation into a fully developed pronucleus. Human sperm chromatin appears able to function under conditions different in several respects from those in human eggs.
Reconstitution of an operational MHC class II compartment in nonantigen-presenting cells (1994)

Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have a distinct compartment in which class II molecules are proposed to acquire antigenic peptides. Genetic evidence suggests that human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DM, an unusual class II molecule, participates in this process. Peptide acquisition was reconstituted in nonprofessional APCs by transfection of class II, invariant chain (li), and H-2M, the murine equivalent of DM. The H-2M heterodimer appeared in an endosomal compartment, not at the cell surface, and the localization was independent of li. The data presented show that H-2M, class II, and li are the minimally required components for efficient formation of stable class II-peptide complexes, and thus for a functional class II compartment.
Characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis C who develop hepatocellular carcinoma after a sustained response to interferon therapy (2004)

Sustained responders in the group at high risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma after interferon therapy were older, more often were male, and had more advanced histologic disease stage. Such patients should be followed carefully periodically for > 10 years after they complete interferon therapy.
THE MECHANISM OF ANAPHYLAXIS. I. PRODUCTION AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF 'MAST CELL SENSITIZING' ANTIBODY. (1964)

In addition to the usual serum precipitating antibody, immunized rats produce a thermolabile antibody that is able to sensitize mast cells and cause damage to these cells on reacting with the specific antigen. Due to this property this antibody is called `mast cell sensitizing' antibody (MCSAb). Like human reagins, it is destroyed by heating at 56° and when injected into homologous skin will remain at the site of injection for as long as 1 month. In contrast, the antibody disappears very quickly from serum when injected into recipient rats. Although its production can be induced in various ways, the administration of Bordetella pertussis organisms along with the antigen is particularly effective. MCSAb seems to be the product of a primary response, since its production is prevented or very much reduced by previous or additional contacts with antigen. The mechanism of passive sensitization of mast cells with MCSAb was studied by incubating pieces of rat mesentery with antigen in vitro, using antigen-induced mast cell damage or histamine release as a measure of sensitization. Sensitization increases with time of contact between cells and antibody and can attain a maximum within the first few minutes depending upon antibody concentration. Sensitizations at 37° and 4° proceed at about the same speed. Nonspecific γ-globulin inhibits sensitization with MCSAb when used in large amounts. Rabbit, rat, human and bovine γ-globulin slowed down sensitization, whereas horse γ-globulin was without effect. Sensitization with MCSAb can be completely reversed by washing the sensitized mesentery in Tyrode's solution. The time required to remove MCSAb by washing was inversely proportional to the time of contact between cells and antiserum during sensitization. Anaphylactic phenomena induced with MCSAb seem to be primarily due to histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine release. The possibility of a relationship between the methods of immunization leading to the production of mast cell sensitizing antibody and the establishment of a delayed hypersensitivity is considered.
Expert opinion on the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C (2008)

The current preferred treatment for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is combination therapy consisting of pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin (RBV) for 24-48 weeks. Although this approach appears to be highly effective for patients with HCV genotypes 2 or 3, who have a sustained virological response (SVR) of approximately 80%, the treatment algorithm is less effective for patients with HCV genotype 1, as these patients have SVR rates of just 40-50%. In order to improve treatment outcomes, this article explores potential approaches for the optimization of treatment for patients with HCV genotype 1: considering shorter treatment periods for patients with a rapid virological response (RVR), increasing treatment periods for slow responders, and increasing RBV dose are all suggestions. Results from clinical trials suggest that approximately 20% of the HCV genotype 1-infected population are slow responders, and around 15% of all HCV genotype-1 infected patients could benefit from a shorter treatment duration without compromising the SVR rate. Interest has also focused on whether treatment duration could be individualized in some patients with genotype 2 and 3 infection. Here all the findings from recent studies are translated into practical advice, to help practitioners make evidence-based treatment decisions in everyday clinical practice. Although there are areas where currently available data do not provide conclusive evidence to suggest amending treatment approaches, there is clearly potential for individualized treatment in all aspects of hepatitis treatment in the future.
A comprehensive review of lenalidomide in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2016)

Lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory drug that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma, 5q- myelodysplasia and mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL), has encouraging efficacy in other B-cell malignancies. Its unique mechanism of action is in part due to altering the tumor microenvironment and potentiating the activity of T and natural-killer (NK) cells. Impressive clinical activity and excellent tolerability allows broad applicability. Lenalidomide has been used in a wide range of B-cell malignancies for years, but in 2013, the FDA marked its approval as a single agent only in relapsed/refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. Perhaps most impressive is the efficacy of lenalidomide when combined with monoclonal antibodies. Impressive efficacy and toxicity profiles with the combination of lenalidomide and rituximab in B-cell lymphomas in both the upfront and relapsed/refractory setting may allow a shift in our current treatment paradigm in both indolent and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). This review will summarize the current data in the relapsed/refractory and front-line setting of NHL with single-agent lenalidomide as well as its use in combination with other agents.
Molecular characterization of cloned avirulence genes from race 0 and race 1 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (1987)

A wide-host-range cosmid cloning vector, pLAFR3, was constructed and used to make cosmid libraries of partially digested Sau3A DNA from race 0 and race 1 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. Two avirulence genes, avrB0 and avrC, cloned from race 0, elicited the hypersensitivity reaction (HR) on specific cultivars of soybean. Race 4 transconjugants containing avrB0 induced a dark brown necrotic HR within 24 h on the soybean cultivars Harosoy and Norchief, whereas race 4 transconjugants containing avrC induced a light brown necrotic HR within 48 h on the soybean cultivars Acme, Peking, Norchief, and Flambeau. An additional avirulence gene, avrB1, cloned from race 1, appeared to be identical to avrB0 from race 0. The avrB0 and avrC genes from race 0 were characterized by restriction enzyme mapping, Southern blot analysis, Tn5 transposon mutagenesis, and site-directed gene replacements. The effects of these three genes on the in planta bacterial growth of race 4 transconjugants have also been examined. The identification and cloning of avrB1 provides genetic evidence for a gene-for-gene interaction in the bacterial blight disease of soybean, as avrB1 from race 1 interacts with the soybean disease resistance locus, Rpg1.
Human ASPM participates in spindle organisation, spindle orientation and cytokinesis (2010)

These observations indicate that ASPM participates in spindle organisation, spindle positioning and cytokinesis in all dividing cells and that the extreme C-terminus of the protein is required for ASPM localisation and function. Our data supports the hypothesis that the MCPH phenotype caused by ASPM mutation is a consequence of mitotic aberrations during neurogenesis. We propose the effects of ASPM mutation are tolerated in somatic cells but have profound consequences for the symmetrical division of NPCs, due to the unusual morphology of these cells. This antagonises the early expansion of the progenitor pool that underpins cortical neurogenesis, causing the MCPH phenotype.
Recovery of recombinant proteins from yeast (1988)

Conference Article| December 01 1988 Recovery of recombinant proteins from yeast DAVID J. KING; DAVID J. KING 1Celltech Limited, Bath Road, Slough SL1 4EN, Berks., U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar FINTAN WALTON; FINTAN WALTON 1Celltech Limited, Bath Road, Slough SL1 4EN, Berks., U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar BRIAN W. SMITH; BRIAN W. SMITH 1Celltech Limited, Bath Road, Slough SL1 4EN, Berks., U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MARISA DUNN; MARISA DUNN 1Celltech Limited, Bath Road, Slough SL1 4EN, Berks., U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GEOFFREY T. YARRANTON GEOFFREY T. YARRANTON 1Celltech Limited, Bath Road, Slough SL1 4EN, Berks., U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1988) 16 (6): 1083–1086. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0161083 Article history Received: February 12 1988 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation DAVID J. KING, FINTAN WALTON, BRIAN W. SMITH, MARISA DUNN, GEOFFREY T. YARRANTON; Recovery of recombinant proteins from yeast. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1988; 16 (6): 1083–1086. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0161083 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Biochemical Society1988 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Optical Spectroscopy of Single Crystal [Re(bpy)(CO)4](PF6): Mixing between Charge Transfer and Ligand Centered Excited States (1995)

The photochemical, photocatalytic, and luminescent properties of d6 transition metal complexes are dictated by the character of the lowest electronic transition. Observation of the lowest excited electronic state in single crystal [Re(bpy)(CO)4](PF6) by high resolution absorption spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures allows assignment as a nominally 3LC transition with its electronic origin centered at 22 510 cm−1. Mixing between the ligand centered and charge transfer excitations in transition metal complexes can significantly effect the optical spectroscopy and decay processes of the complex. The 3LC state is weakly mixed (3%) with the lowest lying 1CT state (31 570 cm−1), resulting in the observation of metal-ligand vibrational side bands, a shortened luminescence decay (t = 33.0 μs), and a large zero-field splitting (ZFS) of the electronic origin (ZFS = 7.2 cm−1). These observations are interpreted using a mechanism in which the coupling arises from a large spin-orbit coupling matrix element (&lt;|Hso|&gt;) = 261 cm−1). The presence of a low lying ligand field state can be definitely ruled out from the observed absorption and luminescence behavior. The observed photochemical properties are likely due to the charge transfer character of the first excited state. © 1995, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Simultaneous aortic, jugular bulb, and right atrial pressures during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans. Insights into mechanisms. (1989)

Pressure gradients across and between the head and chest were studied during mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in 22 humans. Patients in medical cardiac arrest, managed by ACLS guidelines, underwent placement of aortic arch (Ao), jugular venous bulb (JVB), and right atrial (RA) catheters. Simultaneous pressures were measured, and intercatheter gradients were calculated. The JVB to RA pressure difference is the gradient between the cervical and central venous circulations. It was negative when averaged throughout the CPR cycle and was more negative during compression than relaxation, -19 +/- 12 and -2 +/- 6 mm Hg, respectively. This indicates that the intrathoracic pressure rise was not transmitted to the jugular venous system, supporting the concept of a competent jugular valve mechanism during CPR. It is consistent with the thoracic pump model of cerebral perfusion. JVB to RA was positive only during early relaxation, allowing blood return from the head. The Ao to JVB gradient, although not ...
Digital Inclusion: Best practices from eLearning (2007)

In this paper we describe the new methodology used to analyse, filter and present results and describe some of the key results gathered so far. Thanks to the innovative ways suggested for the recovering and processing of material, and a cognitive approach instead of a pure technological one, our project is able to clearly point the way towards important new solutions. So far, one of the most valuable achievements of this project has been to clearly indicate the need of a new paradigm, one based on more informal teaching environments, wherein the communication among peers is fundamental and damaging stereotypes regarding new technologies are avoided. The practice of digital inclusion has to combine both technical and cognitive approaches. EL4EI demonstrates that teaching technical skills involving the use of a computer or Internet turn out to be useless if unaccompanied by motivation and contextualisation. Of course it goes without saying that these practices are all unviable without a necessary minimum of infrastructure, i.e. access to a computer and the internet. The battle against the digital divide must be waged on both fronts. According to the current research the five most promising strategies in terms of establishing best practice in the use of e-learning for social and digital inclusion are: combining teaching ICT with other non-digital knowledge equally important to social inclusion; communication to the target groups; establishing peer to peer teaching systems; creating informal environments; using teachers similar to the students themselves, especially in cases of e-learning focused towards women
Effect of Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F Dextransucrase Carboxy-Terminal Deletions on Dextran and Oligosaccharide Synthesis (1998)

Dextransucrase (DSR-S) from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F is a glucosyltransferase that catalyzes synthesis of soluble dextran from sucrose. In the presence of efficient acceptor molecules, such as maltose, the reaction pathway is shifted toward glucooligosaccharide synthesis. Like glucosyltransferases from oral streptococci, DSR-S possesses a C-terminal glucan-binding domain composed of a series of tandem repeats. In order to determine the role of the C-terminal region of DSR-S in dextran or oligosaccharide synthesis, four DSR-S genes with deletions at the 3' end were constructed. The results showed that the C-terminal region modulated the initial velocity of dextran synthesis but that the K(m) for sucrose, the optimum pH, and the activation energy were all unaffected by the deletions. The C-terminal domain modulated the rate of oligosaccharide synthesis whatever acceptor molecule was used (a good acceptor molecule such as maltose or a poor acceptor molecule such as fructose). The C-terminal domain seemed to play no role in the catalytic process in dextran and oligosaccharide synthesis. In fact, it seems that the role of the C-terminal domain of DSR-S may be to facilitate the translation of dextran and oligosaccharides from the catalytic site.
Nucleotide sequence of ovine macrophage interleukin-1 beta cDNA (1991)

We have cloned and sequenced the cDNA for the coding region of ovine alveolar macrophage interleukin-1 beta. At the nucleotide level, the ovine cDNA shares 95, 74 and 71% homology with the bovine, human and murine cDNA equivalents or homologs. Comparison at the amino acid level revealed 95% homology with bovine IL-1 beta and approximately 57% with the human and murine homologs.
New Process for the Preparation of Methyl Carbonates (2003)

The methyl carbonate of HOBt was developed for the conversion of alcohols to carbonates. This method is superior to the use of methyl chloroformate or methyl pyrocarbonate, especially with more hindered alcohols. The reagent is a stable solid that is easily prepared on a multigram scale. [reaction: see text]
Marine Natural Products and Other Derivatives as Potent Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitors (2012)

Cancer cells are able to elaborate enzymatic mechanisms allowing tumors to resist or escape imune rejection. Among the enzymes involved, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an intracellular enzyme that initiates the first and rate-limiting step of tryptophan breakdown along the kynurenine pathway, has emerged as a promising molecular target for the development of new immunotherapeutic anticancer agents. This review summarizes the synthesis and IDO activities of the different classes of marine and other inhibitors reported so far.
Molecular cloning and expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of two Aspergillus nidulans xylanase genes (1996)

Two Aspergillus nidulans genes, xlnA and xlnB, encoding the X22 and X24 xylanases from this fungus, respectively, have been cloned and sequenced. Their cDNAs have been expressed in a laboratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain under the control of a constitutive yeast promoter, resulting in the construction of recombinant xylanolytic yeast strains.
Endogenous IL-11 Signaling Is Essential in Th2- and IL-13–Induced Inflammation and Mucus Production (2008)

IL-11 and IL-11 receptor (R)alpha are induced by Th2 cytokines. However, the role(s) of endogenous IL-11 in antigen-induced Th2 inflammation has not been fully defined. We hypothesized that IL-11, signaling via IL-11Ralpha, plays an important role in aeroallergen-induced Th2 inflammation and mucus metaplasia. To test this hypothesis, we compared the responses induced by the aeroallergen ovalbumin (OVA) in wild-type (WT) and IL-11Ralpha-null mutant mice. We also generated and defined the effects of an antagonistic IL-11 mutein on pulmonary Th2 responses. Increased levels of IgE, eosinophilic tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) inflammation, IL-13 production, and increased mucus production and secretion were noted in OVA-sensitized and -challenged WT mice. These responses were at least partially IL-11 dependent because each was decreased in mice with null mutations of IL-11Ralpha. Importantly, the administration of the IL-11 mutein to OVA-sensitized mice before aerosol antigen challenge also caused a significant decrease in OVA-induced inflammation, mucus responses, and IL-13 production. Intraperitoneal administration of the mutein to lung-specific IL-13-overexpressing transgenic mice also reduced BAL inflammation and airway mucus elaboration. These studies demonstrate that endogenous IL-11R signaling plays an important role in antigen-induced sensitization, eosinophilic inflammation, and airway mucus production. They also demonstrate that Th2 and IL-13 responses can be regulated by interventions that manipulate IL-11 signaling in the murine lung.
Elevation of lung surfactant phosphatidylcholine in mouse models of Sandhoff and of Niemann–Pick A disease (2004)

Sandhoff disease is caused by the defective activity of the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase, resulting in accumulation of the glycolipids, GA2 and GM2. Niemann-Pick A/B disease is caused by the defective activity of lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase resulting in sphingomyelin accumulation. Pulmonary complications have been observed in both diseases. We now demonstrate changes in phospholipid levels in pulmonary surfactant in mouse models of these diseases. In the Hexb mouse, a model of Sandhoff disease, lipid phosphate levels were elevated in surfactant from 3- and 4-month-old mice, which was mainly due to elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine. In the ASM mouse, a model of Niemann-Pick A disease, levels of the primary storage material, sphingomyelin, were elevated as expected, and levels of phosphatidylcholine and two other phospholipids were also significantly elevated in pulmonary surfactant and in lung tissue from 5-, 6- and 7-month-old mice. These results suggest that changes in phospholipid levels and composition in lung surfactant might be a general feature of sphingolipid storage diseases, which may be in part responsible for the increased susceptibility of these patients to respiratory infections and lung pathology, often the main reason for the death of these patients.