gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of hsp70 Synthesis Induced by Cupric Sulfate and Zinc Sulfate in Thermotolerant HeLa Cells (1993)

Upon exposure to the heavy metals copper and zinc, a large amount of 70,000-Da heat shock protein (hsp70) was synthesized in normal, non-thermotolerant (NT) HeLa cells, whereas only a little increase of hsp70 synthesis was observed in thermotolerant (TT) cells. To determine the inhibition mechanism of hsp70 induction in the TT cells, we first analyzed the hsp70 mRNA of these cells. Hsp70 mRNA in the NT cells increased immediately after exposure to these metals. In TT cells, however, the increase of hsp70 mRNA was delayed, even though it eventually increased to a similar or slightly lower level compared with NT cells. Further analysis of the activation of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) showed that a significant activation of HSF was observed immediately after exposure to these metals in the NT cells, whereas the activation of HSF was initially repressed in the TT cells. Thus, the decreased induction of hsp70 synthesis observed in the TT cells seemed to be due to the reduced translation of hsp70 mRNA and also in part to the reduced activation of HSF. Furthermore, by the gel mobility shift assay using anti-hsp70 antibody, the association of copper- and zinc-activated HSF with hsp70 was observed in both NT and TT cells. The amount of HSF-hsp70 complex was prominent in TT cells, in which the hsp70 content was 5 to 10 times higher than that in the NT cells. These findings strongly suggest that the activity of HSF is negatively regulated by hsp70 in the TT cells.
Activation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from human neutrophils by IL-2 via IL-2-R beta (1993)

In addition to T cells, NK cells, B cells, and monocytes, we provide new evidence that human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) can be functionally activated by IL-2 via binding to IL-2R beta expressed on the cell surface. Brief exposure of normal PMN to human rIL-2 enhanced both transcriptional and translational expression of TNF-alpha. The release of TNF-alpha protein by IL-2-treated PMN was inhibitable by a specific mAb against human IL-2-R beta. The response to IL-2 was dose and time dependent with the increase in TNF-alpha mRNA detected maximally 3 h after IL-2 exposure, followed by a continuous maintenance of high mRNA levels up to 18 h. The TNF-alpha mRNA was significantly increased above the medium control level, with as little as 10 U/ml of IL-2. Maximal transcription was obtained with 1000 U/ml of IL-2, which achieved the level observed with known neutrophil activating factors such as granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, IL-8, and Candida albicans. Using actinomycin D, it was found that new and continuous synthesis of a labile TNF-alpha mRNA was responsible for the observed high levels of transcripts. Of significance was the observation that cycloheximide could selectively modulate TNF-alpha mRNA transcription in neutrophils, depending on the cytokine used. Cycloheximide did not affect or alter TNF-alpha mRNA induction in IL-2-treated neutrophils but abrogated it in granulocyte-macrophage-CSF-treated neutrophils and superinduced transcription in C. albicans-treated neutrophils. Thus various control elements must be involved in the transcription of the TNF-alpha genes that are responsive to different cytokines and activating factors. The induction of TNF-alpha and functional activation of neutrophils by IL-2 is therefore an important immunomodulatory property of IL-2 that has not heretofore been recognized.
Stable rescue of a glycoprotein gII deletion mutant of pseudorabies virus by glycoprotein gI of bovine herpesvirus 1 (1992)

Glycoproteins homologous to glycoprotein B (gB) of herpes simplex virus constitute the most highly conserved group of herpesvirus glycoproteins. This strong conservation of amino acid sequences might be indicative of a common functional role. Indeed, gB homologs have been implicated in the processes of viral entry and virus-mediated cell-cell fusion. Recently, we showed that pseudorabies virus (PrV) lacking the essential gB-homologous glycoprotein gII could be propagated on a cell line expressing the gB homolog of bovine herpesvirus 1, gI(BHV-1), leading to a phenotypic complementation of the gII defect (I. Rauh, F. Weiland, F. Fehler, G. Keil, and T.C. Mettenleiter, J. Virol. 65:621-631, 1991). However, this pseudotypic virus could still replicate only on complementing cell lines, thereby limiting experimental approaches to analyze the effects of the gB exchange in detail. We describe here the construction and isolation of a PrV recombinant, 9112C2, that lacks gII(PrV) but instead stably carries and expresses the gene encoding gI(BHV-1). The recombinant is able to replicate on noncomplementing cells with growth kinetics and final titers similar to those of its gII-positive wild-type PrV parent. Neutralization tests and immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated incorporation of gI(BHV-1) into 9112C2 virions with concomitant absence of gII(PrV). Analysis of in vitro host ranges of wild-type PrV, BHV-1, and recombinant 9112C2 showed that in cells of pig, rabbit, canine, monkey, or human origin, the plating efficiency of 9112C2 was similar to that of its PrV parent. Exchange of gII(PrV) for gI(BHV-1) in recombinant 9112C2 or by phenotypic complementation of gII- PrV propagated on gI(BHV-1)-expressing cell lines resulted in penetration kinetics intermediate between those of wild-type PrV and BHV-1. In conclusion, we report the first isolation of a viral recombinant in which a lethal glycoprotein mutation has been rescued by a homologous glycoprotein of a different herpesvirus. Our data show that in gII- PrV, gI(BHV-1) in vitro fully complements the lethal defect associated with lack of gII(PrV). These results conclusively demonstrate that gI(BHV-1) in a PrV background can execute all essential functions normally provided by gII(PrV). They also indicate that the origin of gB-homologous glycoproteins influences the penetration kinetics of herpesviruses.
Ontological perspective in metamodeling for model transformations (2005)

Model Driven Engineering (MDE) aims to facilitate building larger and more complex, reliable software systems by introducing a higher abstraction level than the code level. The technical space concept discusses how the basic MDE principles may be mapped onto modern platform support and several technical spaces are proposed to support MDE. In this paper, we propose to use the ontology technical space in model transformations to achieve the targets of MDE. Using the ontology technical space will enable us to model not only the meta concepts but also the semantic context which can be used in model inferencing. Within this context, we define meta models of object oriented models ontologicaly.
Vaughan's the World: The Pattern of Meaning and the Tradition (1961)

Vaughan's The World ends with an epigraph from I John 2:16-17 which appears to say little about the work which it is supposed to illuminate: "All that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, the lust of the Eys, and the pride of life, is not of the father but is of the world. And the world passeth away, and the lusts thereof, but he that doth the will of God abideth for ever."'\nThough the poem begins and ends with its brilliant perceptions of the sweep of eternity, its middle section seems to bog down in a random listing of sinners which is founded on no philosophic or literary principle. One does not know what the lover, the statesman, the miser, and the group of epicures and prodigals have in common, aside from sin; and one is not quite sure why one should think of just these sinners when one is viewing eternity. It is as if the poet, having lost his visionary powers, could only turn to the leaden talents of the versifier and the preacher.\nIf the poem is to be worth its reputation, it must have more to it than a half-dozen fine lines; it must be all of a piece, including the epigraph and the middle section. Even at first sight, the epigraph does appear to have some bearing on the poem, for both, in a sense, speak of two worlds: the epigraph mentions the perishing temporal world and the eternal world where the faithful abide forever; the poem gives us these in the form of the world of darkness and the world of "pure and endless light." Both speak of two loves appropriate to these two worlds. ...\nProperly the explanation of meaning in Renaissance emblematic poetry must explore neither the surface nor the depths exclusively, neither the pattern nor the varying symbols of that pattern, but the interaction between these two where the poem's meaning is at once ancient and new, simple and complex.
A WT1 protein‐derived, naturally processed 16‐mer peptide, WT1332, is a promiscuous helper peptide for induction of WT1‐specific Th1‐type CD4+ T cells (2008)

The Wilms' tumor gene WT1 is overexpressed in various tumors, and the WT1 protein has been demonstrated to be an attractive target antigen for cancer immunotherapy. A WT1 protein-derived 16-mer peptide, WT1(332) (KRYFKLSHLQMHSRKH), which was naturally generated through processing in cells and could elicit Th1-type CD4(+) helper T cell responses with an HLA-DRB1*0405-restriction has previously been identified by us. In the present study, it has been demonstrated that WT1(332) can induce WT1(332)-specific CD4(+) T cell responses with the restriction of not only HLA-DRB1*0405 but also HLA-DRB1*1501, -DRB1*1502, or -DPB1*0901. These HLA class II-restricted WT1(332)-specific CD4(+) T cell lines produced IFN-gamma but neither IL-4 nor IL-10 with WT1(332) stimulation, thus showing a Th1-type cytokine profile. Furthermore, HLA-DRB1*1501 or -DRB1*1502-restricted WT1(332)-specific CD4(+) T cell lines responded to WT1-expressing transformed cells in an HLA-DRB1-restricted manner, which is consistent with our previous finding that WT1(332) is a naturally processed peptide. These results indicate that the natural peptide, WT1(332), is a promiscuous WT1-specific helper epitope. WT1(332) is expected to apply to cancer patients with various types of HLA class II as a WT1-specific helper peptide in combination with HLA class I-restricted WT1 peptides.
Moving object tracking in video (2002)

The advance of technology makes video acquisition devices better and less costly, thereby increasing the number of applications that can effectively utilize digital video. Compared to still images, video sequences provide more information about how objects and scenarios change over time. However, video needs more space for storage and wider bandwidth for transmission. Hence is raised the topic of video compression. The MPEG 4 compression standard suggests the usage of object planes. If the object planes are segmented correctly and the motion parameters are derived for each object plane accordingly, a better compression ratio can be expected. Therefore, to take full advantage of the MPEG 4 standard, algorithms for tracking objects are needed. So, we propose an algorithm to track moving objects in video sequences. The algorithm first separates the moving objects from the background in each frame. Then, four sets of variables are computed based on the positions, the sizes, the grayscale distributions and the presence of textures of the objects. A rule-based method is developed to track the objects between frames, based on the values of the variables. Preliminary experimental results show that the algorithm performs well. The tests also show that the algorithm obtains success in indicating new tracks, ceased tracks and possible collisions.
Application of the linear-quadratic model to radioimmunotherapy: further support for the advantage of longer-lived radionuclides. (1994)

The authors maintain that 32P is the most promising isotope and the optimal physical half-life is about two to three times the biologic clearance half-life of the antibodies in the tumor.
Aliphatic polyester polymer stars: synthesis, properties and applications in biomedicine and nanotechnology (2010)

A critical review: the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters provides access to an array of biodegradable, bioassimilable and renewable polymeric materials. Building these aliphatic polyester polymers into larger macromolecular frameworks provides further control over polymer characteristics and opens up unique applications. Polymer stars, where multiple arms radiate from a single core molecule, have found particular utility in the areas of drug delivery and nanotechnology. A challenge in this field is in understanding the impact of altering synthetic variables on polymer properties. We review the synthesis and characterization of aliphatic polyester polymer stars, focusing on polymers originating from lactide, ε-caprolactone, glycolide, β-butyrolactone and trimethylene carbonate monomers and their copolymers including coverage of polyester miktoarm star copolymers. These macromolecular materials are further categorized by core molecules, catalysts employed, self-assembly and degradation properties and the resulting fields of application (262 references).
GeneChip® analysis shows altered mRNA expression of transcripts of neurotransmitter and signal transduction pathways in the cerebral cortex of portacaval shunted rats (2002)

Identifying the gene expression changes induced by hepatic encephalopathy (HE) leads to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HE-induced neurological dysfunction. Using GeneChip and real-time PCR, the present study evaluated the gene expression profile of rat cerebral cortex at 4 weeks after portacaval shunting. Among 1,263 transcripts represented on the chip, mRNA levels of 31 transcripts were altered (greater than twofold; 16 increased and 15 decreased) in the portacaval shunted (PCS) rat compared to sham control. Changes observed by GeneChip analysis were confirmed for 20 transcripts (8 increased, 7 decreased, and 5 unchanged in PCS rat brain) by real-time PCR. Neurotransmitter receptors, transporters, and members of the second messenger signal transduction are the major groups of genes altered in PCS rat brain. Of importance was that the increased heme oxygenase-1 and decreased Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase expression observed raise the possibility of oxidative stress playing a pathogenic role in chronic HE.
Histopathologic Types of Benign Breast Lesions and the Risk of Breast Cancer (2002)

The hypothetical multistep model of carcinogenesis indicates that breast cancer develops via a series of intermediate hyperplastic lesions through in situ to invasive carcinoma. To identify the risk inherent within the different morphologic lesions, we have analyzed the data from 674 benign biopsy specimens comprising 120 cases who subsequently developed breast cancer and 382 controls (matched for age and date of biopsy) spanning a period up to 20 years of follow-up (mean 66.95 months). In this series we have confirmed an increased risk associated with certain types of benign breast lesions. Atypical lobular hyperplasia was the most significant risk factor for breast cancer with more unfavorable outcome in patients <50 years of age (p = 0.003) and a relative risk (RR) of 4.55 (confidence interval [CI] 1.77-11.69). Hyperplasia of usual type showed an RR of 1.53 (CL 1.10-2.13) with a statistically worse probability of survival (cancer-free time) for patients >50 years. For atypical ductal hyperplasia the RR was 2.03 (CI 0.80-1.39). Blunt duct adenosis was significantly more common in cases progressing to breast cancer compared with controls, showing an RR of 2.08 (CI 1.12-2.85). We describe in detail the criteria of morphologic changes observed in blunt duct adenosis and define, for the first time, the level of risk associated with each of its six subtypes. Improved knowledge of breast carcinogenesis will provide insight for defining high-risk groups thus resulting in improved screening and management regimens.
Shear stress and VEGF enhance endothelial differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (2014)

Herein we combine chemical and mechanical stimulation to investigate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and physiological shear stress in promoting the differentiation human adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) into endothelial cells. ADSCs were isolated and characterized; endothelial differentiation was promoted by culturing confluent cells in 50 ng/ml VEGF under physiological shear stress for up to 14 days. Afterwards, endothelial cells were seeded onto collagen or acellular aortic valve matrices and exposed to four culture conditions: shear stress + VEGF; shear stress - VEGF; static + VEGF and static - VEGF. After 7 days, phenotype was investigated. ADSCs subjected to shear stress and VEGF express a comprehensive range of specific endothelial markers (vWF, eNOS and FLT-1 after 7 days and CD31, FLk-1 and VE-cadherin after 14 days) and maintain the phenotype when seeded onto scaffolds. Our protocol proved to be an efficient source of endothelial-like cells for tissue engineering based on autologous ADSC.
DNA-binding domain of human c-Myc produced in Escherichia coli. (1989)

We have identified the domain of the human c-myc protein (c-Myc) produced in Escherichia coli that is responsible for the ability of the protein to bind sequence-nonspecific DNA. Using analysis of binding of DNA by proteins transferred to nitrocellulose, DNA-cellulose chromatography, and a nitrocellulose filter binding assay, we examined the binding properties of c-Myc peptides generated by cyanogen bromide cleavage, of mutant c-Myc, and of proteins that fuse portions of c-Myc to staphylococcal protein A. The results of these analyses indicated that c-Myc amino acids 265 to 318 were responsible for DNA binding and that other regions of the protein (including a highly conserved basic region and a region containing the leucine zipper motif) were not required. Some mutant c-Mycs that did not bind DNA maintained rat embryo cell-cotransforming activity, which indicated that the c-Myc property of in vitro DNA binding was not essential for this activity. These mutants, however, were unable to transform established rat fibroblasts (Rat-1a cells) that were susceptible to transformation by wild-type c-Myc, although this lack of activity may not have been due to their inability to bind DNA.
Relationship and trust as a vehicle to improved health outcomes: A qualitative study of a Primary Health Care Programme for Travellers (2015)

Rapid changes in the control of health and social services have led to the increased adoption of narrow practice approaches driven by contemporary funding priorities, often running contrary to the wisdom, accumulated knowledge, experience, evidence and ethics of social and community development approaches. The Primary Healthcare Programme (PHCP) for Travellers has been developed nationally over the past two decades with the aim of improving the health of the Irish Traveller community. A particular emphasis has been placed upon the provision of health promotion, information, support and outreach through a range of peer delivered community based approaches. This study took place within one such PHCP for Travellers in County Offaly which found itself under increasing pressure from funders to prioritise nationally driven programmes over locally driven community-responsive work. Specifically, questioning the value of more supportive, relational interventions such as emotional support whilst encouraging the delivery of interventions which produced statistical information aligned to national health operational plan targets, which the funding officers were in turn under pressure to provide to national offices. This study aimed to explore the value of emotional support, relationship building and trust building in relation to the provision of this Primary Healthcare Programme for Travellers, from the perspective of the community members engaging with the programme. The study reflected the value of emotionally supportive relationships expressed by service users and the importance placed upon the subsequent building of trust. Multiple occurrences of positive shifts in health related behaviours, significant benefits to the mental health of respondents and uptake of appropriate support services are reported and discussed. The study suggests that the increased pressure being placed upon social and community practice by management control mechanisms introduced by funding bodies is rapidly eroding the hard earned experience and knowledge accumulated through decades of social and community work. A particularly negative impact upon marginalised groups such as the Traveller community who experience a complexity of health needs is found. Recommendations include a re-investment in relationship and trust building, and in flexible, responsive, community driven responses to achieving national health priorities within marginalised communities.
A Bayesian Approach for Nonlinear Equalization and Signal Detection in Millimeter-Wave Communications (2015)

For the emerging 5G millimeter-wave communications, the nonlinearity is inevitable due to RF power amplifiers of the enormous bandwidth operating in extremely high frequency, which, in collusion with frequency-selective propagations, may pose great challenges to signal detections. In contrast to classical schemes, which calibrate nonlinear distortions in transmitters, we suggest a nonlinear equalization algorithm, with which the multipath channel and unknown symbols contaminated by nonlinear distortions and multipath interferences are estimated in receiver-ends. Attributed to the nonlinearity and marginal integration, the involved posterior density is analytically intractable and, unfortunately, most existing linear equalization schemes may become invalid. To solve this problem, the Monte-Carlo sequential importance sampling based particle filtering is suggested, and the non-analytical distribution is approximated numerically by a group of random measures with the evolving probability-mass. By applying the Taylor's series expansion technique, a local-linearization observation model is further constructed to facilitate the practical design of a sequential detector. Thus, the unknown symbols are detected recursively as new observations arrive. Simulation results validate the proposed joint detection scheme. By excluding transmitting pre-distortion of high complexity, the presented algorithm is specially designed for the receiver-end, which provides a promising framework to nonlinear equalization and signal detection in millimeter-wave communications.
Multi-wavelength 2×2 fiber-optic switch structure using mirror array (2003)

We show that the piston motion-based two dimensional (2D) analog micromirror device in our proposed form is an interferometric multi-wavelength 2/spl times/2 fiber-optic switch. We show our proposed retroreflective multi-wavelength 2/spl times/2 fiber-optic switch structure based on a Michelson interferometer and micromirror motion. The advantage of using this interferometric technique is the small distance (<1/spl mu/m) high speed motion of the mirrors to introduce the required half wave (or n) phase shift for switching.
The frozen face: Using oral histories in museum exhibitions (1996)

The title of this paper, 'The Frozen Face', is the graphic image associated with the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery's touring exhibition 66' South, tales from an Antarctic Station. The exhibition is based on a number of oral histories that look at the life and work of expeditioners at the Australian Antarctic stations of Wilkes and Casey. The 'Frozen face' is a striking image symbolising the main theme of the exhibition; Australian expeditioners and their interaction with Antarctica. This image also summarises an essential value of oral histories; their ability to capture the passing thoughts and emotions of an individual.