gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Resins, Asphaltenes, and Water in Water–Oil Emulsion Breaking with Microwave Heating (2015)

The stability of water-in-oil emulsions highly depends on the existence of polar components and their interactions within the emulsions. Asphaltenes, resins, and water are the main polar components of the emulsions. As the stability of the emulsions increases, emulsion breaking becomes more difficult and requires more energy and chemical input. With this study, we propose a significant reduction in energy and chemical use for efficient break up of water-in-oil emulsions through the application of microwave heating. To demonstrate this concept, we conduct experiments on different emulsions that originated from steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) and expanding solvent SAGD (ES-SAGD) and investigate how the polar components initially present in the emulsions affect the microwave efficiency. Water, a polar molecule which is the main component in emulsions, was expected to allow the most efficient microwave absorption. However, our results show that asphaltenes and resins have greater role than the water component of emulsions during emulsion breaking with microwave heating.
Expression of Costimulatory Molecule CD28 on T Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: Functional and Clinical Correlations (1994)

To study the functional integrity of T cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected persons, CD4+ and CD8+ cells were examined for proliferation and secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in response to staphylococcal superantigens and antibodies to CD3 and the alpha beta T cell receptor. A functional defect within CD8+ but not within CD4+ cells from HIV-1-infected persons was observed. Within CD8+ cells, proliferation and secretion of IL-2 was restricted to cells expressing the costimulatory molecule CD28. Such cells were proportionally reduced in HIV-1-infected persons. In patients with advanced immunodeficiency, however, evidence of functional derangement was found also within the CD28+ CD8+ cells. In a cross-sectional study of 73 HIV-infected persons and 15 controls, a significant correlation was observed between the number of CD28+ CD8+ cells and the presence of HIV-related disease. Our results suggest that regulation of expression of CD28 may play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of AIDS.
A decision-based configuration process model (1990)

Configuration management is linked to a data model of software processes in order to clarify the relationship between programming-in-the-large, in-the-small, and in-the-many. The data model also allows for the separation of conceptual from document-based version and configuration management by focusing on careful modeling of design decisions as a unifying concept to describe versioning, configuration, and mapping tasks. The close relationship to in-the-small ideas suggest applicability in process reusability. The authors also report on a prototype implementation on the knowledge base management system ConceptBase and experiences in a real-world case study. >
IL-33 exacerbates antigen-induced arthritis by activating mast cells (2008)

IL-33, a cytokine of the IL-1 family, is closely associated with type II T cell responses. Here, we report an unexpected proinflammatory role of IL-33 in inflammatory arthritis. IL-33 was expressed in synovial fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Expression was markedly elevated in vitro by inflammatory cytokines. Mice lacking ST2, the IL-33 receptor alpha-chain, developed attenuated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and reduced ex vivo collagen-specific induction of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17, TNFalpha, and IFNgamma), and antibody production. Conversely, treatment of wild-type (WT) but not ST2(-/-) mice with IL-33 exacerbated CIA and elevated production of both proinflammatory cytokines and anti-collagen antibodies. Mast cells expressed high levels of ST2 and responded directly to IL-33 to produce a spectrum of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vitro. In vivo, IL-33 treatment exacerbated CIA in ST2(-/-) mice engrafted with mast cells from WT but not from ST2(-/-) mice. Disease exacerbation was accompanied by elevated expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Our results demonstrate that IL-33 is a critical proinflammatory cytokine for inflammatory joint disease that integrates fibroblast activation with downstream immune activation mainly via an IL-33-driven, mast-cell-dependent pathway. Thus, this IL-1 superfamily member represents a therapeutic target for RA.
Combination gene therapy for liver metastasis of colon carcinoma in vivo. (1995)

The efficacy of combination therapy with a "suicide gene" and a cytokine gene to treat metastatic colon carcinoma in the liver was investigated. Tumor in the liver was generated by intrahepatic injection of a colon carcinoma cell line (MCA-26) in syngeneic BALB/c mice. Recombinant adenoviral vectors containing various control and therapeutic genes were injected directly into the solid tumors, followed by treatment with ganciclovir. While the tumors continued to grow in all animals treated with a control vector or a mouse interleukin 2 vector, those treated with a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase vector, with or without the coadministration of the mouse interleukin 2 vector, exhibited dramatic necrosis and regression. However, only animals treated with both vectors developed an effective systemic antitumoral immunity against challenges of tumorigenic doses of parental tumor cells inoculated at distant sites. The antitumoral immunity was associated with the presence of MCA-26 tumor-specific cytolytic CD8+ T lymphocytes. The results suggest that combination suicide and cytokine gene therapy in vivo can be a powerful approach for treatment of metastatic colon carcinoma in the liver.
Secreted thrombospondin-1 controls platelet sensitivity to NO (2008)

Many functions have been suggested for the large amounts of thrombospondin-1 that are stored in α-granules of platelets. Isenberg et al describe a new role whereby thrombospondin-1 counteracts NO and allows platelet activation to take place in situations in which NO is being generated.
DNA bending by nuclear receptors. (1993)

Although steroid hormone receptors constitute an intensively studied family of ligand-regulated transcription factors, the mechanism by which these receptors activate transcription has not been defined. Evidence has accumulated from prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems that many transcription factors are capable of binding to their cognate recognition sequences and causing DNA to bend. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that DNA bending and transcription activation may be functionally coupled. We have utilized circular permutation analysis to examine the ability of the estrogen receptor DNA binding domain and the intact estrogen receptor to bend DNA fragments containing estrogen response elements (EREs). The DNA binding domain, which is a less potent activator of transcription, bent ERE containing DNA fragments less (34 degrees) than the intact estrogen receptor (56 degrees), which is a more potent activator of transcription. In addition, when two EREs were present in a DNA fragment, the degree of DNA bending observed was greater than when one ERE was present. These data suggest that DNA bending may play a role in transcription activation of estrogen responsive genes.
The Defined Combination of Growth Factors Controls Generation of Long‐Term‐Replicating Islet Progenitor‐Like Cells from Cultures of Adult Mouse Pancreas (2006)

Application of pancreatic islet transplantation to treatment of diabetes is severely hampered by the inadequate islet supply. This problem could in principle be overcome by generating islet cells from adult pancreas in vitro. Although it is possible to obtain replicating cells from cultures of adult pancreas, these cells, when significantly expanded in vitro, progressively lose pancreatic-specific gene expression, including that of a "master" homeobox transcription factor Pdx1. Here we show for the first time that long-term proliferating islet progenitor-like cells (IPLCs) stably expressing high levels of Pdx1 and other genes that control early pancreatic development can be derived from cultures of adult mouse pancreas under serum-free defined culture conditions. Moreover, we show that cells derived thus can be maintained in continuous culture for at least 6 months without any substantial loss of early pancreatic phenotype. Upon growth factor withdrawal, the IPLCs organize into cell clusters and undergo endocrine differentiation of various degrees in a line-dependent manner. We propose that our experimental strategy will provide a framework for developing efficient approaches for ex vivo expansion of islet cell mass.
Quantum cryptography with imperfect apparatus (2002)

Quantum key distribution, first proposed by C.H. Bennett and G. Brassard (1984), provides a possible key distribution scheme whose security depends only on the quantum laws of physics. So far the protocol has been proved secure even under channel noise and detector faults of the receiver but is vulnerable if the photon source used is imperfect. In this paper we propose and give a concrete design for a new concept, self-checking source, which requires the manufacturer of the photon source to provide certain tests; these tests are designed such that, if passed, the source is guaranteed to be adequate for the security of the quantum key distribution protocol, even though the testing devices may not be built to the original specification. The main mathematical result is a structural theorem which states that, for any state in a Hilbert space, if certain EPR-type equations are satisfied, the state must be essentially the orthogonal sum of EPR pairs.
Solvent-free synthesis of substituted ureas from CO2 and amines with a functional ionic liquid as the catalyst (2008)

The synthesis of disubstituted ureas from amines and CO2 were carried out using a basic ionic liquid (IL) 1-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydroxide ([Bmim]OH) as the catalyst. The effects of reaction time, amount of [Bmim]OH, reaction temperature, pressure, and solvent on yields of the products were investigated. The results indicated that aliphatic amines, cyclohexylamine, and benzylamine could be converted to the corresponding ureas selectively in moderate yields under solvent-free conditions without using any dehydrating regent. The IL could be reused after a simple separation procedure.
Synthesis, Antibacterial and Immunotropic Activity of Polyfluoroalkyl‐N‐arylcarbamates (III), (VI). (2003)

ChemInformVolume 34, Issue 19 Isocyclic Compounds Synthesis, Antibacterial and Immunotropic Activity of Polyfluoroalkyl-N-arylcarbamates (III), (VI). Yu. N. Studnev, Yu. N. Studnev Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorV. A. Frolovskii, V. A. Frolovskii Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorA. P. Krasnov, A. P. Krasnov Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorG. G. Pozantsev, G. G. Pozantsev Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorV. P. Stolyarov, V. P. Stolyarov Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorO. F. Kinash, O. F. Kinash Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorA. V. Fokin, A. V. Fokin Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this author Yu. N. Studnev, Yu. N. Studnev Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorV. A. Frolovskii, V. A. Frolovskii Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorA. P. Krasnov, A. P. Krasnov Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorG. G. Pozantsev, G. G. Pozantsev Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorV. P. Stolyarov, V. P. Stolyarov Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorO. F. Kinash, O. F. Kinash Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this authorA. V. Fokin, A. V. Fokin Nauchno-issled. inst. farmakol. Ross. Akad. med. nauk, Moskva 125315, RussiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 May 2003 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.200319096Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume34, Issue19May 13, 2003 RelatedInformation
Modulation of Chaperone Gene Expression in Mutagenized Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Developed for Recombinant Human Albumin Production Results in Increased Production of Multiple Heterologous Proteins (2008)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been successfully established as a commercially viable system for the production of recombinant proteins. Manipulation of chaperone gene expression has been utilized extensively to increase recombinant protein production from S. cerevisiae, focusing predominantly on the products of the protein disulfide isomerase gene PDI1 and the hsp70 gene KAR2. Here we show that the expression of the genes SIL1, LHS1, JEM1, and SCJ1, all of which are involved in regulating the ATPase cycle of Kar2p, is increased in a proprietary yeast strain, developed by several rounds of random mutagenesis and screening for increased production of recombinant human albumin (rHA). To establish whether this expression contributes to the enhanced-production phenotype, these genes were overexpressed both individually and in combination. The resultant strains showed significantly increased shake-flask production levels of rHA, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and recombinant human transferrin.
Applications of green chemistry in the manufacture of oligonucleotide drugs (2001)

Abstract We have modified the current phosphoramidite-based, solid-phase synthesis of antisense oligonucleotides to accommodate principles of green chemistry. In this article, we summarize key accomplishments that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of toxic materials, solvents, and reagents. Also discussed are methodologies that allow reuse of valuable materials such as amidites, solid-support, and protecting groups, thus improving the atom economy and cost-efficiency of oligonucleotide manufacture. Approaches to accident prevention and the use of safer reagents during oligonucleotide synthesis are also covered.
Vagus nerve stimulation: A proven therapy for treatment of epilepsy strives to improve efficacy and expand applications (2009)

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an approved therapy for the treatment of adult patients and adolescents aged 12 years and older who have partial onset seizures refractory to antiepileptic medications. More than 50,000 patients worldwide have been implanted with the VNS system. Work continues to understand the mechanism of action of VNS with the goal of improving the treatment, particularly to identify patients who will be helped by VNS, to develop a closed-loop seizure detection system, and to improve the selection of stimulation parameters. VNS has also been approved for treatment-resistant depression, and it may have utility in the treatment of a variety of other medical disorders.
Site-specific interaction of vaccinia virus topoisomerase I with duplex DNA. Minimal DNA substrate for strand cleavage in vitro (1991)

Purified vaccinia virus DNA topoisomerase I forms a cleavable complex with duplex DNA at a conserved sequence element 5'(C/T)CCTTdecreases in the incised DNA strand. DNase I footprint studies show that vaccinia topoisomerase protects the region around the site of covalent adduct formation from nuclease digestion. On the cleaved DNA strand, the protected region extends from +13 to -13 (+1 being the site of cleavage). On the noncleaved strand, the protected region extends from +13 to -9. Similar nuclease protection is observed for a mutant topoisomerase (containing a Tyr ---- Phe substitution at the active site amino acid 274) that is catalytically inert and does not form the covalent intermediate. Thus, vaccinia topoisomerase is a specific DNA binding protein independent of its competence in transesterification. By studying the cleavage of a series of 12-mer DNA duplexes in which the position of the CCCTTdecreases motif within the substrate is systematically phased, the "minimal" substrate for cleavage has been defined; cleavage requires six nucleotides upstream of the cleavage site and two nucleotides downstream of the site. An analysis of the cleavage of oligomer substrates mutated singly in the CCCTT sequence reveals a hierarchy of mutational effects based on position within the pentamer motif and the nature of the sequence alteration.
Digenic inheritance of mutations in HAMP and HFE results in different types of haemochromatosis (2003)

Haemochromatosis (HH) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease caused by inappropriate iron absorption. Most HH patients are homozygous for the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene. However, penetrance of the C282Y mutation is incomplete, and other genetic factors may well affect the HH phenotype. Ferroportin and TFR2 mutations also cause HH, and two HAMP mutations have recently been reported that causes juvenile haemochromatosis (JH) in the homozygous state. Here, we report evidence for digenic inheritance of HH. We have detected two new HAMP mutations in two different families, in which there is concordance between severity of iron overload and heterozygosity for HAMP mutations when present with the HFE C282Y mutation. In family A, the proband has a JH phenotype and is heterozygous for C282Y and a novel HAMP mutation Met50del IVS2+1(-G). This is a four nucleotide ATGG deletion which causes a frameshift. The proband's unaffected mother is also heterozygous for Met50del IVS2+1(-G), but lacks the C282Y mutation and is heterozygous for the HFE H63D mutation. Met50del IVS2+1(-G) was absent from 642 control chromosomes. In family B, a second novel, less severe HAMP mutation, G71D, was identified. This was detected in the general population at an allele frequency of 0.3%. We propose that the phenotype of C282Y heterozygotes and homozygotes may be modified by heterozygosity for mutations which disrupt the function of hepcidin in iron homeostasis, with the severity of iron overload corresponding to the severity of the HAMP mutation.
A Fast, Reliable, Automatic Shimming Procedure Using 1H Chemical-Shift-Imaging Spectroscopy (1995)

The importance and the difficulty of achieving good B0 homogeneity over the volume of interest in in vivo NMR spectroscopy are well known. A fast, reliable, versatile, and fully automatic shimming procedure has been developed, using 3D chemical-shift imaging to measure the field distribution using only the water peak in the sample of interest. The procedure minimizes the mean-square error in the field distribution with respect to a constant field where the signal exists (e.g., the head). This produces a set of linear equations that can be solved by standard matrix methods. The procedure has been applied on a commercial imager producing water linewidths from the entire head as low as 8 Hz at 1.5 T. The mean linewidth and standard deviation from 94 head studies were 11.7 +/- 1.9 Hz.
Transcriptional activation of plant defense genes by fungal elicitor, wounding, and infection. (1987)

Activation of plant defense genes was investigated by analysis of transcripts completed in vitro by isolated nuclei. Elicitor treatment of suspension-cultured bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cells caused marked transient stimulation of transcription of genes encoding apoproteins of cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGP) and the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS), concomitant with the onset of rapid accumulation of the respective mRNAs and hence expression of the phytoalexin (PAL, CHS), lignin (PAL), and HRGP defense responses. While there was a lag of 2 h prior to stimulation of HRGP gene transcription, induction of the transcription of PAL and CHS genes occurred within 5 min of elicitor treatment. Induction of transcription of PAL, CHS, and HRGP genes was also observed in wounded hypocotyls and in infected hypocotyls during race-cultivar-specific interactions with the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of anthracnose. Transcriptional activation occurred not only in directly infected tissue but also in distant, hitherto uninfected tissue, indicating intercellular transmission of an endogenous signal for defense gene activation. It is concluded that transcriptional activation of defense genes characteristically underlies induction of the corresponding defense responses and expression of disease resistance.
Contrast Sensitivity and Tear Layer Aberrometry in Dry Eye Patients (2009)

The results suggest that the changes in contrast sensitivity with artificial tear administration were the result of optical aberrations. It appears that long-term use of artificial tears may normalize the tear layer of dry eye disease patients.
Halftone to continuous-tone conversion of error-diffusion coded images (1995)

Considers the problem of reconstructing a continuous-tone (contone) image from its halftoned version, where the halftoning process is done by error diffusion. The authors present an iterative nonlinear decoding algorithm for halftone-to-contone conversion and show simulation results that compare the performance of the algorithm to that of conventional linear low-pass filtering. They find that the new technique results in subjectively superior reconstruction. As there is a natural relationship between error diffusion and SigmaDelta modulation, the reconstruction algorithm can also be applied to the decoding problem for SigmaDelta modulators.
The Rice 14-3-3 Gene Family and its Involvement in Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stress (2006)

14-3-3 proteins function as major regulators of primary metabolism and cellular signal transduction in plants. However, their involvement in plant defense and stress responses is largely unknown. In order to better address functions of the rice 14-3-3/GF14 proteins in defense and abiotic stress responses, we examined the rice GF14 family that comprises eight numbers. The phylogenetic comparison with the Arabidopsis 14-3-3 family revealed that the majority of rice GF14s might have evolved as an independent branch. At least four rice GF14 genes, GF14b, GF14c, GF14e and Gf14f were differentially regulated in the interactions of rice-Magnaporthe grisea and rice-Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, and the incompatible interactions stronger induced the genes than the compatible interactions. These GF14 genes were also induced by the defense compounds, benzothiadiazole, methyl jasmonate, ethephon and hydrogen peroxide. Similarly, they were differentially regulated by salinity, drought, wounding and abscisic acid. Tissue-specific analysis and expression of GF14-YFP fusions revealed that the four GF14 isoforms were expressed with tissue specificity and accumulated differentially in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Our current study provides fundamental information for the further investigation of the rice GF14 proteins.