gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EVEN-EnVironmental Education oNline (2000)

ABSTRACT In spite of the fact thatco1 faculty, librarians, and other educators agree that information literacy is an important goal for college students, few faculty effectively help their students achieve this goal. EnVironmental Education oNline (EVEN) is a collaborative effort between a specialized electronic library and the faculty of Arizona State University and other institutions to build confidence and competence among environmental science students with information handling skills (http://eastlib.east.asu.edu/Reference/even/). Supported with a grant from the Plum Foundation, EVEN is a Web-based survival guide to the hybrid library of the 21st Century. The purpose of this article is to present preliminary data on the development and use of this new and distinctive information literacy tool for college level environmental students worldwide. EVEN provides access to full-text scholarly sources, bibliographic databases, e-mail reference service, document delivery for those affiliated with EVEN's host institution, asynchronous library instruction which includes a self assessment component, access to related Web sites, and selected links to the most important discipline-based Internet resource of all-people.
Diabetic angiopathy and angiogenic defects (2012)

Diabetes is one of the most serious health problems in the world. A major complication of diabetes is blood vessel disease, termed angiopathy, which is characterized by abnormal angiogenesis. In this review, we focus on angiogenesis abnormalities in diabetic complications and discuss its benefits and drawbacks as a therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications. Additionally, we discuss glucose metabolism defects that are associated with abnormal angiogenesis in atypical diabetic complications such as cancer.
Development and evaluation of calcium alginate beads prepared by sequential and simultaneous methods (2010)

The objective of this study was to develop a sustained release dosage form of Trimetazidine dihydrochloride (TMZ) using a natural polymeric carrier prepared in a completely aqueous environment. TMZ was entrapped in calcium alginate beads prepared with sodium alginate by the ionotropic gelation method using calcium chloride as a crosslinking agent. The drug was incorporated either into preformed calcium alginate gel beads (sequential method) or incorporated simultaneously during the gelation stage (simultaneous method). The beads were evaluated for particle size and surface morphology using optical microscopy and SEM, respectively. Beads produced by the sequential method had higher drug entrapment. Drug entrapment in the sequential method was higher with increased CaCl2 and polymer concentration but lower with increased drug concentration. In the simultaneous method, drug entrapment was higher when polymer and drug concentration were increased and also rose to a certain extent with increase in CaCl2 concentration, where further increase resulted in lower drug loading. FTIR studies revealed that there is no interaction between drug and CaCl2. XRD studies showed that the crystalline drug changed to an amorphous state after formulation. Release characteristics of the TMZ loaded calcium alginate beads were studied in enzyme-free simulated gastric and intestinal fluid.
Effects of cannabinoids on L1210 murine leukemia. 1. Inhibition of DNA synthesis. (1977)

The effect of cannabinoid derivatives on thymidine-3H uptake in L1210 murine leukemia was determined. In experiments at 200 mg/kg 3 hrs after treatment, the order of activity was delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol less than cannabinol less than cannabidiol less than abnormal cannabidiol less than 11-hydroxy-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol less than delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol. The inhibitory effect of delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol was 99%. When animals were dosed on consecutive days with delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and killed on the third day, thymidine-3H incorporation was increased while delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol retained its inhibitory activity under the same conditions. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibited RNA and protein synthesis in a fashion analagous to the inhibition of DNA synthesis.
Digital holographic data storage in a high-performance photorefractive polymer composite (2001)

Binary information in the form of a 256 x 256 pixel array has been stored holographically within a polymeric photorefractive composite of 130-mum thickness. Devices used consisted of 55-wt. % organic chromophore 1-(2?-ethylhexyloxy)-2, 5-dimethyl-4-(4?nitrophenylazo) benzene and up to 11.2-wt. % 2, 4, 7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF) dispersed within a poly(N-vinyl carbazole) matrix. In a degenerate four-wave mixing arrangement, the refractive-index modulation and speed were 10(-3) and 200 ms, respectively. The high TNF concentration leads to short digital hologram recording times of 2 s without detriment in optical quality. Although not yet optimized, a figure of merit, M#, for holographic storage in this composite has been measured to be 0.017, and this is estimated to reach 0.18 in a revised experimental geometry.
Security for Computer Networks: An Introduction to Data Security in Teleprocessing and Electronic Funds Transfer (1989)

Data security ciphers and their properties the data encryption standard using block cipher in practice authentication and integrity key management identity verification public key ciphers digital signatures electronic funds transfer and the intelligent token data security standards.
Self-Improving Visual Odometry (2018)

We propose a self-supervised learning framework that uses unlabeled monocular video sequences to generate large-scale supervision for training a Visual Odometry (VO) frontend, a network which computes pointwise data associations across images. Our self-improving method enables a VO frontend to learn over time, unlike other VO and SLAM systems which require time-consuming hand-tuning or expensive data collection to adapt to new environments. Our proposed frontend operates on monocular images and consists of a single multi-task convolutional neural network which outputs 2D keypoints locations, keypoint descriptors, and a novel point stability score. We use the output of VO to create a self-supervised dataset of point correspondences to retrain the frontend. When trained using VO at scale on 2.5 million monocular images from ScanNet, the stability classifier automatically discovers a ranking for keypoints that are not likely to help in VO, such as t-junctions across depth discontinuities, features on shadows and highlights, and dynamic objects like people. The resulting frontend outperforms both traditional methods (SIFT, ORB, AKAZE) and deep learning methods (SuperPoint and LF-Net) in a 3D-to-2D pose estimation task on ScanNet.
Chronic Immune Stimulation Might Act As a Trigger for the Development of Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndromes (2011)

Our novel findings indicate that chronic immune stimulation acts as a trigger for AML/MDS development. The underlying mechanisms may also be due to a common genetic predisposition or an effect of treatment for infections/autoimmune conditions.
Elektrolytische Auflösung von Gold‐Silber‐Legierungen und die Frage der Resistenzgrenzen (1958)

Abstract Diese Arbeit ist ein Versuch, das Auftreten von Resistenzgrenzen in metallischen Mischkristallreihen besser zu verstehen. An Hand von Experimenten am System Gold‐Silber wird gezeigt, daß elektrochemische Vorgänge für die Deutung entscheidend sind. Es wurden anodische Strom‐Spannungs‐Kurven von Gold‐Silber‐Legierungen und nichtstationäre Vorgänge in verschiedenen Elektrolyten aufgenommen. Aus den Messungen ergaben sich zwei Gesichtspunkte für die Deutung der Resistenzgrenzen: Das Potential, bei dem Silberatome aus der Legierung in Lösung gehen können, nimmt mit zunehmendem Goldgehalt zu. Das wird durch eine kinetische Betrachtung der elektrochemischen Reaktion verständlich gemacht. Dadurch, ß das Redoxpotential des angreifenden Agens stets positiver sein muß, ist eine vom Agens abhängige Einwirkungsgrenze festgelegt. Von einem bestimmten Potential ab wirken Oxydschichten des Goldes schützend.
Synthetic Toll Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) Agonist Peptides as a Novel Class of Adjuvants (2012)

Our data demonstrate the identification of synthetic peptides that mimic LPS by interacting with TLR-4. This LPS mimotope-TLR-4 interaction will allow for the development and use of these peptides as a new class of adjuvants, namely TLR-4 agonists.
Hertzian dipole radating over a lossy earth or sea: some early and late 20th-century controversies (2004)

This paper presents a contemporary solution to the problem of radiation from a vertical Hertzian dipole over a lossy earth. Sommerfeld's 1909 solution to the problem is re-examined. It is demonstrated that a change in sign in the square root of the numerical distance is mathematically not allowed. Thus, the sign error that has been claimed in the technical literature for more than 65 years is a myth. Recent work by King and Sandier is also examined. It is found that due to an incorrect asymptotic expansion of the complementary error function for the problem of a lossy earth or sea covered with a thin dielectric layer, a trapped surface wave was missed in their solution.
WATCHMAN: A Data Warehouse Intelligent Cache Manager (1996)

Data warehouses store large volumes of data which are used frequently by decision support applications. Such applications involve complex queries. Query performance in such an environment is critical because decision support applications often require interactive query response time. Because data warehouses are updated infrequently, it becomes possible to improve query performance by caching sets retrieved by queries in addition to query execution plans. In this paper we report on the design of an intelligent cache manager for sets retrieved by queries called WATCHMAN, which is particularly well suited for data warehousing environment. Our cache manager employs two novel, complementary algorithms for cache replacement and for cache admission. WATCHMAN aims at minimizing query response time and its cache replacement policy swaps out entire retrieved sets of queries instead of individual pages. The cache replacement and admission algorithms make use of a profit metric, which considers fo...
Enzymatic in situ formed hydrogel from gelatin–tyramine and chitosan-4-hydroxylphenyl acetamide for the co-delivery of human adipose-derived stem cells and platelet-derived growth factor towards vascularization (2017)

An injectable, in situ forming hydrogel system capable of co-delivering human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was investigated as a new system for tissue engineering, envisaged to support vascularization. The system consists of tyramine-conjugated gelatin and hydroxyphenyl acetamide chitosan derivative. Both are soluble and stable at physiologic conditions, which is a key factor for retaining viable cells and active growth factor. In situ gelation involved enzymatic crosslinking using horseradish peroxidase as a catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Gel formation occurred within 30-90 s by controlling the concentration of polymers. PDGF release showed adequate release kinetics within the intended period of time and hADSC showed good compatibility with the hydrogel formulation based on the in vitro assay and subcutaneous implantation into BALB/c-nu/nu nude female mice. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed viability of delivered hADSC. Histological analysis showed no immune reaction and confirmed blood vessel formation. The results implicate the hydrogel as a promising delivery vehicle or carrier of both cell and growth factor, which support vascularization for tissue engineering applications.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Total Synthesis (2005)

In studying the evolution of organic chemistry and grasping its essence, one comes quickly to the conclusion that no other type of reaction plays as large a role in shaping this domain of science than carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The Grignard, Diels-Alder, and Wittig reactions are but three prominent examples of such processes, and are among those which have undeniably exercised decisive roles in the last century in the emergence of chemical synthesis as we know it today. In the last quarter of the 20th century, a new family of carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions based on transition-metal catalysts evolved as powerful tools in synthesis. Among them, the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are the most prominent. In this Review, highlights of a number of selected syntheses are discussed. The examples chosen demonstrate the enormous power of these processes in the art of total synthesis and underscore their future potential in chemical synthesis.
Quantitative fluorescence imaging of protoporphyrin IX through determination of tissue optical properties in the spatial frequency domain (2011)

The ability to quantitatively determine tissue fluorescence is of interest for the purpose of better understanding the details of photodynamic therapy of skin cancer. In particular, we are interested in quantifying protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in vivo. We present a method of correcting fluorescence for effects of native tissue absorption and scattering properties in a spatially resolved manner that preserves the resolution of the fluorescence imaging system, based off a homogeneous representation of tissue. Validation was performed using a series of liquid turbid phantoms having varying concentrations of absorber, scatterer, and fluorophore (PpIX). Through the quantification of tissue optical properties via spatial frequency domain imaging, an empirical model based on Monte Carlo simulations was deployed to successfully decouple the effects of absorption and scattering from fluorescence. From this we were able to deduce the concentration of the PpIX to within 0.2 μg/ml of the known concentration. This method was subsequently applied to the determination of PpIX concentration from in vivo normal skin where the model-based correction determined a concentration of 1.6 μg/ml, which is in agreement with literature.
Expedient Synthesis of the α-C-Glycoside Analogue of the Immunostimulant Galactosylceramide (KRN7000) (2006)

[Structure: see text] Key reactions in a concise synthesis of an alpha-C-galactosylceramide analogue of KRN7000 include a diastereoselective alkenylalane addition to an N-tert-butanesulfinyl imine and the use of an epoxidation/carbamate ring opening sequence to install the aminodiol stereotriad.
Regulation of differentiation in transformed erythroid cells. (1978)

Murine erythroleukemia cells provide a model for the study of erythropoietic differentiation uncoupled from the normal requirement for erythropoietin for cell proliferation. Evidence is presented which suggests that differentiation-inducing chemicals may have a number of cellular sites of action, including effects at the plasma membrane and on chromatin, but a common pathway may include a transient delay of the cell cycle in G1, alterations in chromatin structure, and the expression of a complex pattern of gene transcription responsible for the program of differentiation.
Mode division multiplexing in optical fibers (1982)

Two modes have been launched into a conventional 10-m long multimode graded-index optical fiber using spatial filtering techniques. The measured cross talk between the two modes in the baseband is -20 dB at the output end of the fiber. Modal multiplexing thus appears to be possible over short fiber lengths.
Perlecan, the Multidomain Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan of Basement Membranes, Is also a Prominent Component of the Cartilaginous Primordia in the Developing Human Fetal Spine (2003)

The aim of this study was to localize perlecan in human fetal spine tissues. Human fetal spines (12-20 weeks; n=6) were fixed in either Histochoice or 10% neutral buffered formalin, routinely processed, paraffin-embedded, and 4-microm sagittal sections were cut and stained with toluidine blue, H&E, and von Kossa. Perlecan, types I, II, IV, and X collagen, CD-31, aggrecan core protein, and native and delta-HS 4, 5 hexuronate stub epitopes were immunolocalized. Toluidine blue staining visualized the cartilaginous vertebral body (VB) rudiments and annular lamellae encompassing the nucleus pulposus (NP). Von Kossa staining identified the VB primary center of ossification. Immunolocalization of type IV collagen, CD-31, and perlecan delineated small blood vessels in the outer annulus fibrosus (AF) and large canals deep within the VBs. Perlecan and type X collagen were also prominently expressed by the hypertrophic vertebral growth plate chondrocytes. Aggrecan was extracellularly distributed in the intervertebral disk (IVD) with intense staining in the posterior AF. Notochordal tissue stained strongly for aggrecan but negatively for perlecan and types I and II collagen. Type I collagen was prominent in the outer AF and less abundant in the NP, while type II collagen was localized throughout the IVD and VB. The immunolocalization patterns observed indicated key roles for perlecan in vasculogenic, chondrogenic, and endochondral ossification processes associated with spinal development.
Fluvoxamine and clomipramine in the treatment of cataplexy. (1980)

Fluvoxamine 25-200 mg daily and clomipramine 25-200 mg daily were given for separate three week periods to 18 subjects with narcolepsy and cataplexy. Both drugs improved cataplexy but not narcolepsy. Fluvoxamine was less active than clomipramine, but both drugs abolished cataplexy in individual subjects. Gastrointestinal side effects prevented treatment with fluvoxamine in five subjects. All patients completed the clomipramine phase of the trial, but two men complained of delayed ejaculation. Fluvoxamine is a more potent inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) reuptake in some systems, but not in others. It is therefore uncertain whether the greater anticataplectic effect of clomipramine is due to a greater inhibition of 5-HT reuptake or to other mechanisms.
Regulatory T cells suppress systemic and mucosal immune activation to control intestinal inflammation (2006)

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the main interface where the body encounters exogenous antigens. It is crucial that the local response here is tightly regulated to avoid an immune reaction against dietary antigens and commensal flora while still mounting an efficient defense against pathogens. Faults in establishing intestinal tolerance can lead to disease, inducing local and often also systemic inflammation. Studies in human as well as in animal models suggest a role for regulatory T cells (Tregs) in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Transfer of Tregs can not only prevent the development of colitis in animal models but also cure established disease, acting both systemically and at the site of inflammation. In this review, we discuss the major regulatory pathways, including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and their role in Treg-mediated control of systemic and mucosal responses. In addition, we give an overview of the known mechanisms of lymphocyte migration to the intestine and discuss how CD103 expression can influence the balance between regulatory and effector T cells. Further understanding of the factors that control the activity of Tregs in different immune compartments may facilitate the design of strategies to target regulation in a tissue-specific way.
Ymdd Motif in Hepatitis B Virus Dna Polymerase Influences on Replication and Lamivudine Resistance: A Study By In Vitro Full–Length Viral Dna Transfection (1999)

Recently, lamivudine used to treat patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was revealed to have potent antiviral activity. However, HBV resistance to lamivudine has been reported and shown to have amino acid substitutions in the methionine residue of the conserved tyrosine (Y), methionine (M), aspartate (D), aspartate (D) motif of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. To explore the consequences of substitutions in this motif (YMDD), we made 7 variants by substituting the methionine of the YMDD motif with isoleucine (I), valine (V), alanine (A), leucine (L), lysine (K), arginine (R), and threonine (T). Replication ability of these variants was evaluated by transfection into human hepatoma cells. Sensitivity to lamivudine was tested for replication-competent variants. Four variants with hydrophobic substitutions (I, V, A, and L) remained replication-competent, whereas 3 others with hydrophilic substitutions (K, R, and T) exhibited impaired replication. Of the 4 replication-competent variants, 2 (I and V) were resistant, and 2 (A and L) were sensitive to lamivudine. Because the polymerase and the surface gene overlap, the introduction of these mutations affected the secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), namely 4 variants (I, V, L, and R) secreted HBsAg, whereas 3 variants (A, K, and T) did not. Our study elucidated that only one amino acid substitution in the YMDD motif was sufficient to cause lamivudine resistance in vitro. As a result of replication competence and lamivudine sensitivity, only viruses having YIDD or YVDD sequences may appear during treatment with lamivudine. This in vitro system could be used to study HBV mutations, replication competence, and their susceptibility to antivirals.
TCP rate control (2000)

This paper presents TCP rate control, a new technique for transparently augmenting end-to-end TCP performance by controlling the sending rate of a TCP source. The sending rate of a TCP source is determined by its window size, the round trip time and the rate of acknowledgments. TCP rate control affects these aspects by modifying the ack number and receiver window fields in acknowledgments and by modulating the acknowledgment rate. From a performance viewpoint a key benefit of TCP rate control is to avoid adverse performance effects due to packet losses such as reduced goodput and unfairness or large spread in per-user goodputs. Further, TCP rate control positively affects performance even if the bottleneck is non-local and the end-host TCP implementations are non-conforming. These aspects are demonstrated through a comparative study of TCP rate control, RED and TCP-ECN. The TCP rate control approach has been implemented and patented by Packeteer Inc.
Acoustic temporal modulation detection and speech perception in cochlear implant listeners (2011)

The goals of the present study were to measure acoustic temporal modulation transfer functions (TMTFs) in cochlear implant listeners and examine the relationship between modulation detection and speech recognition abilities. The effects of automatic gain control, presentation level and number of channels on modulation detection thresholds (MDTs) were examined using the listeners' clinical sound processor. The general form of the TMTF was low-pass, consistent with previous studies. The operation of automatic gain control had no effect on MDTs when the stimuli were presented at 65 dBA. MDTs were not dependent on the presentation levels (ranging from 50 to 75 dBA) nor on the number of channels. Significant correlations were found between MDTs and speech recognition scores. The rates of decay of the TMTFs were predictive of speech recognition abilities. Spectral-ripple discrimination was evaluated to examine the relationship between temporal and spectral envelope sensitivities. No correlations were found between the two measures, and 56% of the variance in speech recognition was predicted jointly by the two tasks. The present study suggests that temporal modulation detection measured with the sound processor can serve as a useful measure of the ability of clinical sound processing strategies to deliver clinically pertinent temporal information.