gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rational design of aza sugars via biocatalysis: mannojirimycin and other glycosidase inhibitors (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRational design of aza sugars via biocatalysis: mannojirimycin and other glycosidase inhibitorsTomas Hudlicky, Hector Luna, and Jacques RoudenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 5, 985–987Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00057a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00057a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Carrier‐mediated intestinal absorption of valacyclovir, the L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir. 1. Interactions with peptides, organic anions and organic cations in rats (1998)

The mechanism of intestinal transport of valacyclovir (VACV), the L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir, was investigated in rats using an in situ intestinal perfusion technique. VACV demonstrates an oral bioavailability that is three to five time greater than acyclovir, concentration dependent, and saturable in humans. Homogenate and perfused buffer stability results demonstrated that VACV was increasingly unstable with increasing pH. VACV was converted to ACV in a concentration dependent manner during a single pass through the intestinal segment. Perfusions were performed at 37°C, pH 6.5, and under iso-osmotic conditions (290±10 mOsm L−1). Intestinal outlet concentrations were corrected for VACV that was converted to ACV during the perfusion. The effective dimensionless intestinal permeability (Pe*) of VACV was concentration dependent, saturable (intrinsic Km = 1.2±0.7 mM), and significantly reduced (p <0.05) in the presence of peptide analogues (amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefadroxil, and cephradine), by the organic anion, p -amino hippuric acid and by the organic cation quinine. VACV transport was not inhibited by classical nucleoside competitive substrates or inhibitors or by valine. These results suggest that H+–oligopeptide, H+–organic cation, and organic anion transporters are involved in the small-intestinal uptake of VACV. The permeability of VACV in the colon was very low, indicating that VACV is predominantly absorbed from the small intestine. VACV Pe* was not altered in the presence of glucose-induced convective fluid flow, suggesting that carrier-mediated, transcellular uptake is the predominant absorption pathway of VACV in rat small intestine. Based on these results, the oral bioavailability of VACV appears to be significantly influenced by the preabsorptive conversion of VACV to the poorly absorbed ACV, by the involvement of multiple transporters in VACV small-intestinal uptake, and by the low permeability of VACV in the colon. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of protein synthesis occurring on tetracycline-resistant, TetM-protected ribosomes by a novel class of tetracyclines, the glycylcyclines (1994)

One of the two major mechanisms of tetracycline resistance is ribosomal protection. Of this resistance type, tet(M) is the best characterized. Although the mechanism of tet(M) resistance has not yet been fully elucidated, it has been demonstrated that ribosomes isolated from a tet(M) strain are resistant to inhibition of protein synthesis by tetracycline. A new generation of tetracycline compounds, the glycylcyclines, that are able to inhibit protein synthesis occurring on tetracycline-resistant, TetM-protected ribosomes, as well as wild-type, tetracycline-sensitive ribosomes, have been identified.
Spatial Augmented Reality: Merging Real and Virtual Worlds (2005)

Like virtual reality, augmented reality is becoming an emerging platform in new application areas for museums, edutainment, home entertainment, research, industry, and the art communities using novel approaches which have taken augmented reality beyond traditional eye-worn or hand-held displays. In this book, the authors discuss spatial augmented reality approaches that exploit optical elements, video projectors, holograms, radio frequency tags, and tracking technology, as well as interactive rendering algorithms and calibration techniques in order to embed synthetic supplements into the real
Ultra-shallow source/drain junctions for nanoscale CMOS using selective silicon-germanium technology (2002)

Future CMOS technology nodes bring new challenges to formation of source/drain junctions and their contacts to limit their series resistance contribution to ten percent of the device channel resistance. This requires not only extremely low junction sheet resistance values but also super abrupt doping profiles and contact resistivities that can not be obtained with the existing self-aligned silicide technology. In this paper, we present an overview of the SiGe junction technology designed to meet the demands of the future technology nodes down to 30 nm. The technology is based upon selective deposition of boron or phosphorus doped SiGe in source/drain areas isotropically etched to the desired junction depth. The technology is limited to temperatures below 800/spl deg/C. Hence; it is also compatible with future high-/spl kappa/ gate stacks, which can not withstand higher temperatures. The results indicate that the technology offers great promise in meeting the demands of the end-of-the-roadmap devices.
Demonstration of Enhanced Potency of a Chimeric Somatostatin-Dopamine Molecule, BIM-23A387, in Suppressing Growth Hormone and Prolactin Secretion from Human Pituitary Somatotroph Adenoma Cells (2002)

In acromegaly, the combination of somatostatin (SS) and dopamine (DA) agonists has been shown to enhance suppression of GH secretion. In the present study, a new chimeric molecule, BIM-23A387, which selectively binds to the SS subtype 2 receptor (sst(2); K(i) = 0.10 nM) and to the DA D2 receptor (D2DR; K(i) = 22.1 nM) was tested in cultures prepared from 11 human GH-secreting tumors for its ability to suppress GH and prolactin (PRL) secretion. The chimeric compound was compared with individual sst(2) and D2DR agonists of comparable activity at the individual receptors. All tumors expressed both sst(2) and D2DR mRNAs (0.8 +/- 0.2 and 4.7 +/- 0.7 copy/copy beta-glucuronidase mRNA, respectively). In cell cultures from seven octreotide-sensitive tumors, the maximal inhibition of GH release induced by the individual sst(2) and D2DR analogs and by BIM-23A387 was similar. However, the mean EC(50) for GH suppression by BIM-23A387 (0.2 pM) was 50 times lower than that of the individual sst(2) and D2DR analogs, either used individually or combined. Similar data were obtained in four tumors that were only partially responsive to octreotide. The inhibition of GH release by BIM-23A387 was only partially reversed by the D2R2 antagonist, sulpiride, or by the sst(2) antagonist, BIM-23454. Only when both antagonists were combined was the GH suppressive effect of BIM-23A387 totally reversed. Finally, BIM-23A387 produced a mean 73 +/- 6% inhibition of PRL in six mixed GH plus PRL tumors. These data demonstrate an enhanced potency of the chimeric molecule, BIM-23A387, in suppressing GH and PRL secretion from acromegalic tumors, which cannot be explained merely on the basis of binding affinity for SS and/or DA receptors.
Gene Expression Databases (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction What Do We Mean by Microarray Gene Expression Data? Data Complexity Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) Journals and MIAME Storage and Exchange Formats: MAGE-OM and MAGE-ML ArrayExpress Annotation Tools Curation Standardization and Semantics Public Microarray Databases ArrayExpress, an Example of a Public Repository Submissions to ArrayExpress MIAMExpress and Other MIAME Compliant Annotation Systems Databases of Protein Expression Patterns The Gene Expression Database (GXD) Conclusion References
Mitek Anchor System: a new technique for tenodesis and ligamentous repair of the foot and ankle. (1991)

The authors present an alternative method for securing tendon and ligaments to bone, utilizing the Mitek Anchor System. The description of the Mitek system and technique of application is presented. Technical simplicity and ease of adaptability within the foot and ankle are distinct advantages of this System.
Changes in intestinal Toll-like receptors and cytokines precede histological injury in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis (2009)

It is unclear whether the broad inflammatory response shown in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the cause or the effect of tissue injury. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on intestinal dendritic, mononuclear, and epithelial cells recognize bacterial ligands and damaged tissues, thus activating the inflammatory response. The present study aimed to determine whether active TLR signaling would precede histological injury in NEC. Newborn rat pups were divided into four groups: dam fed, dam fed-hypoxic, formula fed, and formula fed-hypoxic (NEC). The ileal tissues were evaluated for NEC scores at 24, 48, 72, and 120 h. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to measure and localize intestinal TLRs. Cytokines were assessed by a multispot cytokine array. Among the four groups, ileal injury was seen only after 72 h of formula feeding and hypoxia. We found selective induction of mRNA levels in NEC compared with dam-fed controls for TLR2 > TLR4 > TLR1 = TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 > TLR6 (P < 0.01); TLR5 was downregulated (P < 0.01). All TLR changes started at 48 h, before any histological evidence of NEC. Both Th1-type cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and KC/GRO) and Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) were significantly increased in NEC but also in nondamaged formula-fed rat ileum. In conclusion, the intestinal expression of TLRs and cytokines precedes histological injury in the experimental NEC.
On the single-source unsplittable flow problem (2002)

Let G=(V,E) be a capacitated directed graph with a source s and k terminals t/sub i/ with demands d/sub i/, 1/spl les/i/spl les/k. We would like to concurrently route every demand on a single path from s to the corresponding terminal without violating the capacities. There are several interesting and important variations of this unsplittable flow problem. If the necessary cut condition is satisfied, we show how to compute an unsplittable flow satisfying the demands such that the total flow through any edge exceeds its capacity by at most the maximum demand. For graphs in which all capacities are at least the maximum demand, we therefore obtain an unsplittable flow with congestion at most 2, and this result is best possible. Furthermore, we show that all demands can be routed unsplittable in 5 rounds, i.e., all demands can be collectively satisfied by the union of 5 unsplittable flows. Finally, we show that 22.6% of the total demand can be satisfied unsplittably. These results are extended to the case when the cut condition is not necessarily satisfied. We derive a 2-approximation algorithm for congestion, a 5-approximation algorithm for the number of rounds and a 4.43=1/0.226-approximation algorithm for the maximum routable demand.
Mpp10p, a new protein component of the U3 snoRNP required for processing of 18S rRNA precursors. (1997)

We have used the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a model system to identify a new protein component of the U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) and to study its role in pre-rRNA processing. Mpp10p, which we have cloned and characterized from humans, mice and yeast, is a 110 kDa protein in yeast. Antibodies to it immunoprecipitate the U3 snoRNA, indicating that it is a U3 snoRNP component. MPP10 is an essential gene. Depletion of Mpp10p by repression of MPP10 expressed from a conditional promoter causes slow growth. Analysis of pre-rRNA processing in the depleted cells indicates that Mpp10p is required for processing at the 3 U3 snoRNA-dependent sites in the pre-rRNA (A0, A1, A2). Truncations of terminal charged domains create Mpp10 proteins that confer slow growth at 30 degrees C and/or at 22 degrees C. Analysis of pre-rRNA processing in these mutants indicates a deficiency in processing at only two of the U3 snoRNA-dependent sites in the pre-rRNA (A1 and A2). Therefore truncated Mpp10 proteins are able to separate the function of the U3 snoRNP into a requirement for it in distinct processing events.
Dose- and time-dependent antiplatelet effects of aspirin (2006)

Aspirin is widely used, but dosages in different clinical situations and the possible importance of "aspirin resistance" are debated. We performed an open cross-over study comparing no treatment (baseline) with three aspirin dosage regimens--37.5 mg/day for 10 days, 320 mg/day for 7 days, and, finally, a single 640 mg dose (cumulative dose 960 mg)--in 15 healthy male volunteers. Platelet aggregability was assessed in whole blood (WB) and platelet rich plasma (PRP). The urinary excretions of stable thromboxane (TxM) and prostacyclin (PGI-M) metabolites, and bleeding time were also measured. Platelet COX inhibition was nearly complete already at 37.5 mg aspirin daily, as evidenced by >98% suppression of serum thromboxane B2 and almost abolished arachidonic acid (AA) induced aggregation in PRP 2-6 h after dosing. Bleeding time was similarly prolonged by all dosages of aspirin. Once daily dosing was associated with considerable recovery of AA induced platelet aggregation in WB after 24 hours, even after 960 mg aspirin. Collagen induced aggregation in WB with normal extracellular calcium levels (hirudin anticoagulated) was inhibited <40% at all dosages. TxM excretion was incompletely suppressed, and increased <24 hours after the cumulative 960 mg dose. Aspirin treatment reduced PGI-M already at the lowest dosage (by approximately 25%), but PGI-M excretion and platelet aggregability were not correlated. Antiplatelet effects of aspirin are limited in WB with normal calcium levels. Since recovery of COX-dependent platelet aggregation occurred within 24 hours, once daily dosing of aspirin might be insufficient in patients with increased platelet turnover.
Basic principles of magnetic resonance contrast agents (1991)

The use of contrast agents in MRI is well established as a means to improve diagnosis. MRI diflers from other imaging modalities because signal and contrast are multiparametric in both the properties of the tissue and the method of measurement. Contrast depends on differences in proton-spin density, magnetic susceptibility, molecular diffusion and perfusion, and T1 and T2 relaxation times. Relaxivity contrast agents, those that focus, on shortening relaxation times, are most commonly employed in the form of paramagnetic chelates and depend on a variety of mechanisms, including concentration, number of ion-coordination sites, spin quantum number, magnetic moment, ion-to-proton distance, and correlation time constants characteristic of the chemical and molecular structure. A sound understanding of the principles of general contrast mechanisms, contrast agent design, and MRI techniques used in conjunction with contrast agents is vital to ensure proper enhancement and optimal diagnostic results.
32 wavelength tunable arrayed-waveguide gratinglaserbased on special input/output arrangement (1995)

The authors propose a tunable arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) laser constructed using an AWG multiplexer with the minimum number of inputs/outputs and laser diode (LD) amplifiers fewer than the desired number of wavelengths. The fabricated 1.55 µm tunable AWG laser is shown to oscillate successfully at 32 wavelengths with a 0.8 nm wavelength spacing in accordance with the design.
Informatics Enhanced SNP Microarray Analysis of 30 Miscarriage Samples Compared to Routine Cytogenetics (2012)

Molecular karyotyping of POC after missed abortion using SNP microarray analysis allows for the ability to detect maternal cell contamination and provides rapid results with good concordance to standard cytogenetic analysis.
Systemic treatment of colorectal cancer in Serbia: What have we done and what can offer in the new centry (2004)

The treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has changed dramatically over recent years in Serbia. The more optimal use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in association with leucovorin (LV), the development of new drugs such as oxaliplatin and irinotecan and of the oral fluoropyrimidines, such as capecitabine, have increased therapeutic options and to the improved outcome of patients with mCRC. Throughout our 10-years published papers in international journals, we presented development of chemotherapy for mCRC and improvement in treatment outcome in Serbia. It is shown that combination therapy with 5-FU/LV and oxaliplatin or irinotecan is more active than 5-FU/LV in first line treatment of mCRC. Sequential therapy with FOLFIRI+FOLFOX was the most efficacious combination in comparison to any other 2 drugs combinations. The combination protocols in second line were superior to mono irinotecan and equal to LV5FU2 in terms of time to progression. The oral fluoropyrimidines seems to have an activity comparable to that of i.v. 5-FU/LV. New agents acting on novel targets are under development. Angiogenesis inhibitors, epidermal growth factor inhibitors, COX-2 inhibitors and farnesyl transferase inhibitors might play a role in the future in the treatment of CRC. We will present our first experience with bevacizumab, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor.
A Highly Efficient Reconfigurable Charge Pump Energy Harvester With Wide Harvesting Range and Two-Dimensional MPPT for Internet of Things (2016)

A monolithic microwatt-level charge pump energy harvester is proposed for smart nodes of Internet of Things (IOT) networks. Due to the variation of the available voltage and power in IOT scenarios, the charge pump was optimized by the proposed architecture and circuit level innovations. First, a reconfigurable charge pump is introduced to provide the hybrid conversion ratios (CRs) as 1[1/3]× up to 8× for minimizing the charge redistribution loss. Second, the reconfigurable feature also dynamically tunes to maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with the frequency modulation, resulting in a two-dimensional (2-D) MPPT. Therefore, the voltage conversion efficiency (VCE) and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) are enhanced and flattened. Third, the constanton-time (COT) scheme from the regulation part was reused with the proposed MPPT arbiter as a sensing approach, which eliminates the conventional power hungry current sensor. The proposed energy harvester is capable of harvesting various energy sources, such as a photovoltaic (PV) cell and a thermoelectric generator (TEG), with a wide input range from 0.45 to 3 V and a regulated 3.3 V output voltage for the IOT smart nodes. Measured results showed that the harvester achieved a flattened and improved PCE as high as 89% for ultra-low power operation capability below 50 μW.
Getting through ethics committees: partnerships between researchers and clinicians working with mentally ill clients. (1997)

This paper discusses principles of ethics in nursing research with people suffering from mental illness. It offers a set of protocols which have been successful in obtaining approval from ethics committees to conduct research in the area of mental illness-'getting through'. The paper argues that nurse researchers and clinicians can achieve successful outcomes in mental health nursing research by working in partnership. An important aspect of this partnership is a commitment to uphold the rights of consumers of mental health care.
Secondary Structure of Diphtheria Toxin and Its Fragments Interacting with acidic Liposomes Studied by Polarized Infrared Spectroscopy (1989)

We used infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy to study the structure of diphtheria toxin (DT) and its fragments A, B, CB1, and CB4 as a function of the pH in the absence and in the presence of phospholipid vesicles. Binding of DT to asolectin or DL-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-DL-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid liposomes at pH 7.3 results in a 10% increase in its alpha-helix content. At pH 4, in the presence of liposomes, the secondary structure of DT is characterized by the appearance of a beta-sheet structure with strengthened hydrogen bonds which did not exist before pH lowering. DT fragment B displays little conformational change upon pH lowering in the presence of liposomes. However, the alpha-helix content of CB1 increases by 10%, and polarization measurements indicate that the alpha-helices of CB1 at pH 4 are oriented parallel to the lipid acyl chains. On the other hand, the alpha-helix content of CB4 decreases dramatically while the low frequency beta-sheet content increases. Dichroism measurements demonstrate that this sheet lies close to a parallel to the bilayer surface. The fragment A of DT experiences a large conformational change upon pH lowering and binds to the liposome membrane even in the absence of DT fragment B. The conformational modification of DT fragment A is fully reversed when pH is brought back to 7.3.
Hybrid Field-Effect Transistor Based on a Low-Temperature Melt-Processed Channel Layer (2002)

Melt-processed organic–inorganic perovskite channel layers (see Figure) are demonstrated in field-effect transistors fabricated on both silicon and polyimide substrates. Linear and saturation regime field-effect mobilities for the melt-processed devices are enhanced relative to the values achieved for analogous spin-coated devices due, at least in part, to the improved grain structure of the melt-processed films.
Protamine as an Efficient Membrane-Translocating Peptide (2005)

Protamine, a mixture of positively charged proteins from salmon roe used in diverse pharmaceutical applications, was reacted with the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of tetramethylrhodamine to yield tetramethylrhodamine-labeled protamines (Pro(Rh)) containing one mole of fluorochrome per mole of protein. The internalization of tetramethylrhodamine-labeled protamine (Pro(Rh)) and the fluorescein-labeled tat peptide (Tat(Fl)) showed a similar dependence on time and concentration. Pro(Rh) and Tat(Fl) showed strong nuclear localizations, evident with both live cells and fixed cells co-stained with DAPI, a nuclear stain. The loss of fluorescence when cells were loaded with Pro(Rh) or Tat(Fl) was similar, further supporting a strong similarity between these two materials. Finally, when Pro(Ph) was covalently attached to the amino-CLIO nanoparticle, the cellular uptake of the nanoparticle was greatly enhanced. All experiments were performed with HeLa and CaCo-2 cells with similar results. These observations imply that protamine, a protein in regular clinical use, might be used for the design of novel membrane translocating/nuclear localizing pharmaceuticals whose development was initiated with other membrane-translocating peptides. In addition, the fluorescent protamines developed here might be used to further our understanding of this important pharmaceutical.