gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased number of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in preeclampsia (2008)

Systemic inflammation is characteristic for preeclampsia (PE). A hypothesis for immune dysregulation is that the function of regulatory T cells (CD4(+)FoxP3(+), Tregs) inhibiting the activation of lymphocytes is impaired. We investigated the proportion of Tregs and their cellular network in preeclamptic women. Fifteen preeclamptic and 17 healthy pregnant women were enrolled in the 32nd gestational week (median age 29 (range 22-45) and 32 (range 26-38) years, respectively). PE was diagnosed according to international criteria at a median of 30 gestational weeks (range 21-31). Peripheral blood was taken and blood mononuclear cells were isolated. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of regulatory (CD4+FoxP3+) T cells, lymphoid and myeloid dendritic cells, natural killer and natural killer T cells, naive and memory and activated CD4+ and CD8+cells. The proportion of Tregs and that of naive CD4(+)CD45RA(+) cells was lower in preeclamptic than in control women (p=0.025, p=0.04, respectively). The proportion of other investigated cell types did not differ. Low Treg numbers may support the notion that PE shares similar features to autoimmune disorders. Low Treg numbers are not reflected in the proportion of activated lymphocytes, at least in this stage of pregnancy. This does not exclude, however, the functional alterations of these cell types.
Relationship between interferon production and interferon messenger RNA synthesis in human fibroblasts. (1977)

Poly(A) containing mRNA prepared from poly(rI)-poly(rC)-induced human fibroblasts stimulated [14C]leucine incorporation into protein in wheat germ cell-free extracts. For the translation of interferon mRNA into a biologically active product, the presence of spermine was essential. The protein synthesized in vitro fulfilled the criteria for human interferon--namely, its antiviral activity was species specific, and its activity was completely neutralized by antiserum to human fibroblast interferon. The amount of interferon synthesized in human fibroblasts induced by poly(rI)-poly(rC) (normal induction) and poly(rI)-poly(rC) in the presence of cycloheximide (superinduction) was compared to the amount of translatable interferon mRNA both in the wheat germ cell-free system and the Xenopus oöcyte system. Although the production of interferon after the termination of transcription by actinomycin D was markedly increased in superinduced cells, the measurable amount of interferon mRNA as assayed in the oöcyte system was only slightly higher in superinduced cells than in cells induced with poly(rI)-poly(rC) alone. When compared in the wheat germ cell-free system, however, the translational product of mRNA preparation from cells induced with poly(rI)-poly(rC) alone was inactive while that from superinduced cells was active.
Isolation of anti-CD22 Fv with high affinity by Fv display on human cells (2006)

In vitro antibody affinity maturation has generally been achieved by display of mouse or human antibodies on the surface of microorganisms (phage, bacteria, and yeast). However, problems with protein folding, posttranslational modification, and codon usage still limit the number of improved antibodies that can be obtained. An ideal system would select and improve antibodies in a mammalian cell environment where they are naturally made. Here we show that human embryonic kidney 293T cells that are widely used for transient protein expression can be used for cell surface display of single-chain Fv antibodies for affinity maturation. In a proof-of-concept experiment, cells expressing a rare mutant antibody with higher affinity were enriched 240-fold by a single-pass cell sorting from a large excess of cells expressing WT antibody with a slightly lower affinity. Furthermore, we successfully obtained a highly enriched mutant with increased binding affinity for CD22 after a single selection of a combinatory library randomizing an intrinsic antibody hotspot. Important features are that one display selection cycle requires only 1 week, and transfection of cells in a single 100-mm dish produces 10(7) individual clones so that a repertoire of 10(9) is feasible under current experimental conditions.
Vectors for the inducible overexpression of glutathione S‐transferase fusion proteins in yeast (1993)

A rapid and convenient method of protein purification involves creating a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST) (Smith and Johnson, Gene 67, 31-40, 1988). In this report, we describe two vectors for the conditional expression of GST fusions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The parent plasmid is based on a high-copy, galactose-inducible shuttle vector previously described (Baldari et al., EMBO J. 6, 229-243, 1987). We have demonstrated the use of this system by creating fusions between GST and the yeast RAS2 gene. GST-Ras2 fusion proteins undergo the post-translational modifications required for Ras2p to become membrane localized. These vectors provide a useful system for the expression and purification of eukaryotic proteins requiring post-translational modification.
Robust door detection in unfamiliar environments by combining edge and corner features (2010)

Camera-based indoor navigation and wayfinding can assist blind people to independently access unfamiliar buildings. In indoor environments, doors are significant landmarks and door detection plays important roles for navigation and wayfinding. Most existing algorithms of door detection are limited to work for familiar environments with restricted features without taking account of the diversity and variance of doors in different environments. In this paper, we present an image-based door detection algorithm that utilizes the general and stable features of doors - edges and corners. Furthermore, we develop a general geometric model to characterize the door shape by combining edge and corner features without a training process. To validate the robustness and generalizability of our method, we collected a large dataset of door images from a variety of environments. The proposed algorithm achieves 91.7% true positive rate with a low false positive rate of 2.9%. The results demonstrate that our door detection method is generic and robust to different environments with variations of color, texture, occlusions, illumination, scales, and viewpoints.
Effect of levetiracetam on cognitive functions and quality of life: a one‐year follow‐up study (2008)

Results of the present study suggest that long-term LEV treatment as add-on therapy does not interfere with cognitive function and improves quality of life.
The Use of Nanoparticles to Control Oral Biofilm Formation (2010)

Nanoparticles are normally considered to be of a size no greater than 100 nm, and the exploitation of their unique attributes to combat infection has increased markedly over the past decade. The potential of nanoparticles to control the formation of biofilms within the oral cavity, as a function of their biocidal, anti-adhesive, and delivery capabilities, is now coming under close scrutiny. Possible uses as constituents of prosthetic device coatings, as topically applied agents, and within dental materials are being explored. The latest insights into the application of nanoparticles in the control of oral infections, including their use in photodynamic therapy, will be discussed in this review. In particular, the use of nanoparticulate silver, copper, zinc, silicon, and their oxides will be considered in relation to their effects on bacterial populations. The recent interest in the applications of nanoparticulate polymers and calcium phosphates will also be assessed. Particular attention will be paid to the toxicity issues surrounding the potential impact of nanoparticles on oral and other tissues.
Biological Pacemaker Implanted in Canine Left Bundle Branch Provides Ventricular Escape Rhythms That Have Physiologically Acceptable Rates (2004)

A gene-therapy approach for induction of biological pacemaker activity within the LBB system provides ventricular escape rhythms that have physiologically acceptable rates. Long-term stability and feasibility of the approach remain to be tested.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Desulfurization‐Fluorination of Alkanol Xanthates. Control of the Reaction Pathway to Fluorination or Trifluoromethoxylation. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Treatment of ulcerative colitis. (1979)

and on both occasions a blizzard prevailed.The Mercury, a Hobart newspaper, reported on 21 September 1903, "They had to face a snowstorm, with a strong south-westerly wind.Many of them were dressed only in singlets and light knickers, ... and the top sides of the mountain were covered with some feet of snow...." One of the participants noted some years later, "They were lying over logs, on the ground, and under trees, too exhausted to continue."Thus the deaths were a result-of hypothermia, the end result of exhaustion and inadequate or wet clothing in a cold, windy environment.It is clear that lightly clad runners are vulnerable to environmental conditions, both hot and cold, and the organisers of any community jogging events should realise that weather conditions can create a medical nightmare out of a "fun run."
Degradation of Host Heme Proteins by Lysine- and Arginine-Specific Cysteine Proteinases (Gingipains) of Porphyromonas gingivalis (2001)

Porphyromonas gingivalis can use hemoglobin bound to haptoglobin and heme complexed to hemopexin as heme sources; however, the mechanism by which hemin is released from these proteins has not been defined. In the present study, using a variety of analytical methods, we demonstrate that lysine-specific cysteine proteinase of P. gingivalis (gingipain K, Kgp) can efficiently cleave hemoglobin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, and transferrin. Degradation of hemopexin and transferrin in human serum by Kgp was also detected; however, we did not observe extensive degradation of hemoglobin in serum by Kgp. Likewise the beta-chain of haptoglobin was partially protected from degradation by Kgp in a haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. Arginine-specific gingipains (gingipains R) were also found to degrade hemopexin and transferrin in serum; however, this was observed only at relatively high concentrations of these enzymes. Growth of P. gingivalis strain A7436 in a minimal media with normal human serum as a source of heme correlated not only with the ability of the organism to degrade hemoglobin, haptoglobin, hemopexin, and transferrin but also with an increase in gingipain K and gingipain R activity. The ability of gingipain K to cleave hemoglobin, haptoglobin, and hemopexin may provide P. gingivalis with a usable source of heme for growth and may contribute to the proliferation of P. gingivalis within periodontal pockets in which erythrocytes are abundant.
INDUCTION OF TH1 AND TH2 CD4+T CELL RESPONSES:The Alternative Approaches (1997)

T helper lymphocytes can be divided into two distinct subsets of effector cells based on their functional capabilities and the profile of cytokines they produce. The Th1 subset of CD4+ T cells secretes cytokines usually associated with inflammation, such as IFN-gamma and TNF and induces cell-mediated immune responses. The Th2 subset produces cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 that help B cells to proliferate and differentiate and is associated with humoral-type immune responses. The selective differentiation of either subset is established during priming and can be significantly influenced by a variety of factors. One of these factors, the cytokine environment, has been put forward as the major variable influencing Th development and is already well reviewed by others. Instead, in the current review, we focus on some of the alternative approaches for skewing Th1/Th2 responses. Specifically, we discuss the effects on Th priming of (a) using altered peptide ligands as antigens, (b) varying the dose of antigen, and (c) altering costimulatory signals. The potential importance of each of these variables to influence immune responses to pathogens in vivo is discussed throughout.
Cancer Cell Metabolism (2011)

Although the generation of a distinctive metabolic profile is a well-known aspect of cancer, the significance of these adaptations and their potential for exploitation for anticancer therapy has not been fully appreciated until recently. Many oncogenic changes known to affect intracellular signaling pathways play an active role in mediating these metabolic changes, which, in turn, function to support cancer cell growth and replication. In this chapter, we discuss the most current findings in cancer cell metabolism in terms of their impact on tumor cell growth as well as their potential for identifying new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Synergistic Effects of Glu130Asp Substitution in the Type II Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Synthase:  Enhancement of PHA Production and Alteration of Polymer Molecular Weight (2004)

In vitro evolution of the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene from Pseudomonas sp. 61-3 (phaC1(Ps)) has been performed to generate highly active enzymes. In this study, a positive mutant of PHA synthase, Glu130Asp (E130D), was characterized in detail in vivo and in vitro. Recombinant Escherichia coli strain JM109 harboring the E130D mutant gene accumulated 10-fold higher (1.0 wt %) poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] from glucose, compared to recombinant E. coli harboring the wild-type PHA synthase gene (0.1 wt %). Recombinant E. coli strain LS5218 harboring the E130D PHA synthase gene grown on dodecanoate produced more poly(3HB-co-3-hydroxyalkanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HA)] (20 wt %) copolymer than an LS5218 strain harboring the wild-type PHA synthase gene (13 wt %). The E130D mutation also resulted in the production of copolymer with a slight increase in 3HB composition, compared to copolymer produced by the wild-type PHA synthase. In vitro enzyme activities of the E130D PHA synthase toward various 3-hydroxyacyl-CoAs (4-10 carbons in length) were all higher than those of the wild-type enzyme. The combination of the E130D mutation with other beneficial mutations, such as Ser325Thr and Gln481Lys, exhibited a synergistic effect on in vivo PHA production and in vitro enzyme activity. Interestingly, gel-permeation chromatography analysis revealed that the E130D mutation also had a synergistic effect on the molecular weight of polymers produced in vivo.
Clonal analysis of differentiated function in animal cell cultures. I. Possible correlated maintenance of differentiated function and the diploid karyotype. (1966)

Summary Two types of clonal strains have been derived from adrenal tumor cultures. One type is morphologically fibroblastic and does not perform adrenal-specific functions. The 2nd type is epithelial in morphology and is extensively similar in properties to normal adrenal cortex. Epithelial clones have maintained their functional characteristics for over a year in continuous culture. They can undergo reversible variations in functional activities in culture. The epithelial clones are near diploid with a stem line of 39 chromosomes.
The human prohibitin gene located on chromosome 17q21 is mutated in sporadic breast cancer. (1992)

A gene called "prohibitin" was isolated as a candidate antiproliferating gene in rat liver cells. We have isolated the human homologue of the rat prohibitin gene and mapped it to chromosome 17q12-21 where a gene responsible for hereditary breast cancer was localized. DNA sequence analysis of 2 exons in this gene in 23 sporadic breast cancers, which showed loss of heterozygosity on the long arm of chromosome 17 or developed in patients 35 years old or younger, identified 4 cases of somatic mutation; 2 of these were missense mutations; 1 showed a 2-base deletion resulting in truncation of the gene product due to a frame shift; the other had a C to T transition in an intron adjacent to an intron-exon boundary. These results suggest that this gene may be a tumor suppressor gene and is associated with tumor development and/or progression of at least some breast cancers.
Microdosimetry of Astatine-211 Using Histological Images: Application to Bone Marrow (1997)

A method is presented for calculating the small-scale dosimetry of 211At in red bone marrow using chord-length distributions obtained from digitized histological images. This study used histological samples of bone marrow from beagle dogs to convey morphological information about cell conglomerations within bone marrow. Two 211At activity distributions were considered within the extracellular fluid and the surface of red bone marrow cells. Results confirmed the influence of cell conglomeration and activity distribution in determining the microdosimetry of red bone marrow. Average S* values of 1.6 x 10(-9) and 1.90 x 10(-9) Gy g Bq(-1) s(-1) were calculated for activity distributions located within the extracellular fluid and the surface of red bone marrow cells, respectively. The cumulated activity required to reduce survival probability to 0.37 also was calculated as a function of cell sensitivity for both activity distributions. The activity distribution on the cell surface resulted in a higher cell-killing efficiency, requiring a lower activity concentration of approximately 25% when compared with activity located in the extracellular fluid. Of relevance to potential clinical studies with 211At, the probability for zero hits for red bone marrow cells was > 10% for cumulated activities of less than 5.5 x 10(8) Bq s g(-1) in bone marrow.
Design of three‐dimensional biomimetic scaffolds (2010)

A detailed understanding of the biophysical features that affect cell growth and development is important in guiding the design of biomimetic scaffolds. The cellular microenvironment is a network of structural and functional components that provide mechanical and chemical stimuli, which influence cell function and fate. Important developmental signals are conveyed to cells through interactions with neighboring cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and growth factors. Currently, there are number of approaches to create 3D tissue models in vitro that allow for control over cell adhesion, the physical properties of the surrogate matrix, and the spatial distribution of growth factors. This review describes some of the most significant biological features of the ECM, and several engineering methods currently being implemented to design and tune synthetic scaffolds to mimic these features.
Recent advances in the chemicalsynthesis of mucin-like glycoproteins (2002)

This purpose of this mini review is to familiarize readers with the tools currently available for the synthesis of mucin-type glycoproteins. The article will highlight recent approaches to the synthesis of glycopeptide fragments bearing complex O-linked glycans, as well as new strategies for the generation of full-length glycoproteins.
Transmission system planning under uncertainty of supply and demand in Indian context (2013)

Electricity demand in Indian Power System is expected to be more than 200 GW in next 5–6 years for which more than 75 GW capacity additions has been envisaged during 12th Plan(2012–17). Additionally, more than 30 GW has been envisaged to be added through grid interactive renewable energy resources which includes about 19 GW through wind and 10 GW through solar energy. Both Govt/Public and private sectors are participating in big way in all segments of electricity supply chain, i.e., generation, transmission and distribution. The Electricity Act, 2003 enabled setting up of IPPs(private generation project) along with open access. In this direction, large capacity addition has been envisaged through IPPs at various complexes in the State of Orissa, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu etc. without firm beneficiaries/commissioning schedule. Such uncertainties along with right of way (RoW) pose challenges to the transmission planner for development of transmission system. A new concept for transmission system planning under uncertainty of supply and demand levels for transfer of power to target destinations/direction is presented. The challenges for development of transmission system under such uncertainties as well as implementation mechanism along with recovery of investment are deliberated. Emerging technology integration in the development of transmission system in modular way is also highlighted. A case study with specific reference to development of high capacity transmission corridors for various IPPs in Chhattisgarh, M.P in Western region and Jharkhand, Orissa in Eastern Region is also presented.
Requirements for Multicast Protocols (1993)

This memo discusses some of these unresolved issues, and provides a
high-level design for a new multicast transport protocol, group
address and membership authority, and modifications to existing
routing protocols. This memo provides information for the Internet
community. It does not specify an Internet standard.
In vivo therapy with monoclonal anti-I-A antibody suppresses immune responses to acetylcholine receptor (1983)

A monoclonal antibody to I-A gene products of the immune response gene complex attenuates both humoral and cellular responses to acetylcholine receptor and appears to suppress clinical manifestations of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. This demonstrates that use of antibodies against immune response gene products that are associated with susceptibility to disease may be feasible for therapy in autoimmune conditions such as myasthenia gravis.
Gene Microarrays in Hippocampal Aging: Statistical Profiling Identifies Novel Processes Correlated with Cognitive Impairment (2003)

Gene expression microarrays provide a powerful new tool for studying complex processes such as brain aging. However, inferences from microarray data are often hindered by multiple comparisons, small sample sizes, and uncertain relationships to functional endpoints. Here we sought gene expression correlates of aging-dependent cognitive decline, using statistical profiling of gene microarrays in well powered groups of young, mid-aged, and aged rats (n = 10 per group). Animals were trained on two memory tasks, and the hippocampal CA1 region of each was analyzed on an individual microarray (one chip per animal). Aging- and cognition-related genes were identified by testing each gene by ANOVA (for aging effects) and then by Pearson's test (correlating expression with memory). Genes identified by this algorithm were associated with several phenomena known to be aging-dependent, including inflammation, oxidative stress, altered protein processing, and decreased mitochondrial function, but also with multiple processes not previously linked to functional brain aging. These novel processes included downregulated early response signaling, biosynthesis and activity-regulated synaptogenesis, and upregulated myelin turnover, cholesterol synthesis, lipid and monoamine metabolism, iron utilization, structural reorganization, and intracellular Ca2+ release pathways. Multiple transcriptional regulators and cytokines also were identified. Although most gene expression changes began by mid-life, cognition was not clearly impaired until late life. Collectively, these results suggest a new integrative model of brain aging in which genomic alterations in early adulthood initiate interacting cascades of decreased signaling and synaptic plasticity in neurons, extracellular changes, and increased myelin turnover-fueled inflammation in glia that cumulatively induce aging-related cognitive impairment.