gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
교사소진의 원인과 대안 모색 (2017)

이 연구는 교사소진의 문제를 개인적 관점이 아닌 학교 조직적 차원, 사회적 차원으로 확대하여 조망해야 한다는 필요성을 전제로, 교사소진을 경험했지만 적절한 방식으로 소진을 극복한 초 중 고등학교 교사 11명을 연구 참여자로 선정하여 면담을 실시, 질적 분석을 통해 교사소진의 양상, 요인, 대처방식을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 교사들은 불안과 스트레스, 갈등과 감정소모, 좌절감과 회의감의 정서적 상태와 피로감 및 의욕상실의 신체적 증상을 경험하였다. 그 원인은 교사 요인, 인적 환경요인, 조직 환경 요인, 사회 문화적 요인으로 인해 소진했다. 그러나 감정적 대응, 위축, 회피전략 사용 등의 소극적 방식이나 긍정적 관계 맺기, 의도적으로 `비워두기` 시간 가지기, 자기 성찰과 회복의 노력 등 적극적인 대처방식을 사용함으로써 소진에 대처하거나 극복을 시도했다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구에서는 학교 조직 문화 개선을 위하여 교사업무 분석 연구를 통한 업무 재조정 및 축소 방안이 필요하며, 교육(지원)청에서 시행하고 있는 동료교사 간 멘토링 프로그램을 내실화와 교사소진 감소 및 예방을 위해 설치·운영하고 있는 각 시·도교육청의 교원치유센터의 홍보 및 「찾아가는 상담」확대와 인력 확충, 교사의 역량 강화 차원에서 교사 역량(보유역량과 필요역량) 분석, 맞춤형 연수 과정 개성과 교사소진에 대처할 수 있는 프로그램 및 콘텐츠 개발이 필요하다는 시사점을 도출하였다. 마지막으로 교사소진에 대한 사회적 이해와 공감대 형성을 위해 교사소진 및 교권보호에 관한 학부모 연수 강화와 학교현장, 지역사회, 학부모간 설정된 관계에 대한 성찰이 이루어져야 함을 제안하였다.
Isotopic Hydrogen Fusion in Metals (1989)

Nuclear fusion between deuterons under ambient conditions has been observed in the metal cathode of an electrolysis cell with an electrolyte of heavy water. The evidence for the fusion reaction is derived primarily from the detection of a low level of 2.45-MeV neutrons presumably from the neutron branch of the deuterium fusion reaction. However, the estimated fusion energy yield associated with the neutron output is insufficient to account for the majority of the reported energy gain if the neutron-proton branch of the deuterium fusion reaction remains about equal to ambient conditions. The excess energy gain may arise from an unobserved chemical reaction or an unfamiliar nuclear reaction. Reported evidence of an excess of 4He in the vicinity of the cathode may indicate that a 4He branch from the deuterium fusion reaction may proceed at ambient conditions through internal electron conversion without a large release of gamma rays. These issues are explored, and attempts are made to provide physical mechanisms and explanations for the cold fusion experimental observations.
Attenuation of Proteasome-Induced Proteolysis in Skeletal Muscle by β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate in Cancer-Induced Muscle Loss (2005)

Abstract Loss of skeletal muscle is an important determinant of survival in patients with cancer-induced weight loss. The effect of the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the reduction of body weight loss and protein degradation in the MAC16 model of cancer-induced weight loss has been compared with that of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a recognized inhibitor of protein degradation. HMB was found to attenuate the development of weight loss at a dose greater than 0.125 g/kg accompanied by a small reduction in tumor growth rate. When EPA was used at a suboptimal dose level (0.6 g/kg) the combination with HMB seemed to enhance the anticachectic effect. Both treatments caused an increase in the wet weight of soleus muscle and a reduction in protein degradation, although there did not seem to be a synergistic effect of the combination. Proteasome activity, determined by the “chymotrypsin-like” enzyme activity, was attenuated by both HMB and EPA. Protein expression of the 20S α or β subunits was reduced by at least 50%, as were the ATPase subunits MSS1 and p42 of the 19S proteasome regulatory subunit. This was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of E214k ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The combination of EPA and HMB was at least as effective or more effective than either treatment alone. Attenuation of proteasome expression was reflected as a reduction in protein degradation in gastrocnemius muscle of cachectic mice treated with HMB. In addition, HMB produced a significant stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that HMB preserves lean body mass and attenuates protein degradation through down-regulation of the increased expression of key regulatory components of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway, together with stimulation of protein synthesis.
High-voltage, low-current GaInP/GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs/Ge solar cells (2003)

Four-junction GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs/Ge solar cells are a widely-pursued route toward AM0 efficiencies of 35% and above, and terrestrial efficiencies of up to 40%. Extensive research into the new material system of GaInNAs has so far yielded subcells with AM0 current densities far below the /spl sim/17 mA/cm/sup 2/ needed to current match the other subcells in the stack. A new multijunction structure, a 5-junction GaInP/GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs/Ge cell, divides the solar spectrum more finely in order to relax this current matching requirement, by using an optically thin, high-bandgap GaInP top subcell, with an additional thick, low-bandgap GaInP subcell beneath it, in combination with a GaInNAs subcell. In this way, the 5-junction cell design allows the practical use of GaInNAs subcells to increase the efficiency of multijunction cells. Light I-V and external quantum efficiency measurements of the component subcells of such 5-junction cells are discussed. Experimental results are presented for the first time on GaInP/GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs/Ge cells with the top four junctions active, with measured V/sub oc/ of 3.90 V.
Miniaturized osmotic pump for oromucosal drug delivery with external readout station (2011)

We report on a miniaturized, exchangeable drug delivery cartridge for Parkinson's Disease which is integrated in a partial removable prosthesis. An osmotic pumping principle uses saliva to release constantly a separately stored drug to the buccal mucosa, thus avoiding first pass metabolism and drug plasma level fluctuations. Therapeutic relevant information and fill level of the cartridge can be determined before and after usage with an external readout station. The selected material combinations of the cartridge fulfill both, functional and regulatory aspects as well as requirements for assembly and packaging, e.g. thermal fusion bonding, solvent bonding and capillary stop bonding. By using the cartridge, highly precise release rates over 97% of its storage capacity with a rate deviation of only 1.1% can be achieved.
The Formation of Cycl[3.2.2]azine Derivatives via the Reaction of Pyrrocoline with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Formation of Cycl[3.2.2]azine Derivatives via the Reaction of Pyrrocoline with Dimethyl AcetylenedicarboxylateAndrew Galbraith, Theodore Small, Roderick A. Barnes, and V. BoekelheideCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 2, 453–458Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01463a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01463a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views473Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scintigraphic and electrophysiological evidence of canine myocardial sympathetic denervation and reinnervation produced by myocardial infarction or phenol application. (1988)

Epicardial phenol application or transmural myocardial infarction in dogs produces sympathetic denervation of myocardium apical to the site of the intervention. Because efferent denervation is probably postganglionic, reinnervation most likely occurs but has not been shown. We investigated whether 123I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), a norepinephrine analogue taken up by sympathetic nerve terminals, could provide a scintigraphic image that would detect apical sympathetic denervation and possible reinnervation. Dogs underwent MIBG scintigraphic imaging at various times after phenol application or transmural myocardial infarction. The results of MIBG scintigraphy were correlated with electrophysiological responses obtained during ansae subclaviae and norepinephrine stimulation to establish the presence of neural denervation and reinnervation. Apical defects in the MIBG scan, which were associated with either normal perfusion by thallium or a smaller-sized defect, were found consistently in dogs that had apical sympathetic innervation. MIBG scintigraphic images returned to normal after 14 weeks (mean) at a time when reinnervation was shown to have occurred. Thus, the results of MIBG scintigraphy correlated accurately with the presence of denervation and reinnervation established by neuroelectrophysiological testing. Supersensitive refractory period shortening in response to norepinephrine infusion was present after denervation and persisted for more than 3 weeks after scintigraphic and electrophysiological evidence of reinnervation. Conclusions are that 1) MIBG can be used noninvasively to determine the presence of regional myocardial efferent sympathetic denervation and subsequent reinnervation, 2) reinnervation occurs after phenol application or transmural myocardial infarction, and 3) denervation supersensitivity persists even after reinnervation occurs.
[Future perspectives on tumor-specific immunotherapy using hapten-reactive T cell activity]. (1989)

Recent studies concerning cellular and molecular mechanisms of T cell-mediated immunity have revealed the involvement of various types of lymphokines. Irrespective of which types of lymphokines and cell-cell interactions among various T cell subsets are involved in the implementation of host immune responses against tumor, the feasible and practical approach is to use both molecular and cellular mechanisms for the augmented induction of effector T cell activity against tumor-resistant antigens (TRA). We have demonstrated previously that the in vivo effector T cells comprise 2 subsets of TRA-specific non-cytolytic CD4- and CD8-positive helper T cells, both of which release lymphokines and activate macrophages as an ultimate anti-tumor cytocidal effector. We have also defined conditions under which enhanced anti-tumor immunity can be obtained by pre-inducing potent helper T cell activity reactive to a certain antigenic determinant such as trinitrophenyl (TNP) residue of muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-derivatives as hapten, and immunized with tumor cells coupled with the corresponding haptenic determinant. This system induced most efficient and physiological cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the generation of tumor-specific effector T cell activity in vivo by virtue of the close linkage of hapten-reactive helper T cells and TRA-specific effector-precursor T cells in the microenvironment of hapten-coupled tumor cells. We have subsequently demonstrated that this protocol resulted in enhanced in vivo tumor protective immunity but also was applicable to the immunotherapy whereby a growing solid tumor as well as disseminated leukemia cells could be effectively eradicated in mice. Thus, these results emphasize the role of hapten-reactive helper T cell in augmenting tumor-specific immunity, and this protocol provides an effective maneuver for tumor-specific immunotherapy in human in future.
An efficient algorithm for concurrent priority queue heaps (1996)

We present a new algorithm for concurrent access to array-based priority queue heaps. Deletions proceed top-down as they do in a previous algorithm due to Rao and Kumar (1988), but insertions proceed bottom-up, and consecutive insertions use a bit-reversal technique to scatter accesses across the fringe of the tree, to reduce contention. Because insertions do not have to traverse the entire height of the tree (as they do in previous work), as many as O(M) operations can proceed in parallel, rather than O(log M) on a heap of size M. Experimental results on a Silicon Graphics Challenge multiprocessor demonstrate good overall performance for the new algorithm on small heaps, and significant performance improvements over known alternatives on large heaps with mixed insertion/deletion workloads.
Modelling the Epidemiological Impact of Intermittent Preventive Treatment against Malaria in Infants (2008)

The pattern of trial results can be accounted for by differences between the trial sites together with known features of malaria epidemiology and the action of SP. Predictions suggest that IPTi would have a beneficial impact across a variety of epidemiological settings.
Learning and Memory in Transgenic Mice Modeling Alzheimer's Disease (2001)

Recent advances in behavioral analyses of transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are discussed, and their impact on our understanding of the molecular basis of cognitive impairment in AD is considered. Studies of the relationship between memory and A Beta in transgenic mice expressing the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its variants suggest that aging promotes the formation of soluble A Beta assemblies mediating negative effects on memory. A significant component of memory loss in APP transgenic mice is apparently caused by soluble A Beta assemblies, but whether and how much of the dementia within individuals afflicted with AD is caused by these A Beta species is unclear. Future studies in composite transgenic mice developing amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and other AD pathology may allow for the determination of the relative contribution of A Beta and non-A Beta components to dementia.
Peripheral and central mechanisms involved in the control of food intake by dietary amino acids and proteins (2012)

The present review summarises current knowledge and recent findings on the modulation of appetite by dietary protein, via both peripheral and central mechanisms. Of the three macronutrients, proteins are recognised as the strongest inhibitor of food intake. The well-recognised poor palatability of proteins is not the principal mechanism explaining the decrease in high-protein (HP) diet intake. Consumption of a HP diet does not induce conditioned food aversion, but rather experience-enhanced satiety. Amino acid consumption is detected by multiple and redundant mechanisms originating from visceral (during digestion) and metabolic (inter-prandial period) sources, recorded both directly and indirectly (mainly vagus-mediated) by the central nervous system (CNS). Peripherally, the satiating effect of dietary proteins appears to be mediated by anorexigenic gut peptides, principally cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY. In the CNS, HP diets trigger the activation of noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract and melanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Additionally, there is evidence that circulating leucine levels may modulate food intake. Leucine is associated with neural mechanisms involving mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), energy sensors active in the control of energy intake, at least in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. In addition, HP diets inhibit the activation of opioid and GABAergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens, and thus inhibit food intake by reducing the hedonic response to food, presumably because of their low palatability. Future studies should concentrate on studying the adaptation of different neural circuits following the ingestion of protein diets.
The gas phase pyrolysis of phenol (1989)

Abstract Phenol pyrolysis has been studied in a turbulent flow reactor by analyzing concentration‐time profiles of three major decomposition products: carbon monoxide, cyclopentadiene, and benzene. Experimental conditions were P = 1 atm, T = 1064 − 1162 K , and initial phenol concentrations of 500−2016 ppm. The major experimental observations were that the decomposition product profiles were nearly linear as a function of time and that the overall rate of carbon monoxide production was greater than that of cyclopentadiene. The rate difference is explained by a mechanism which includes a radical combination reaction of cyclopentadienyl and phenoxy. With literature and approximate rate coefficient data, the mechanism reproduced the experimental observations very well. The mechanism and data provide estimates of rate coefficients for the phenol decomposition initiation step, abstraction of hydrogen from phenol by cyclopentadienyl, and the phenoxy‐cyclopentadienyl combination, all of which have not been available in the literature.
OPTIMIZATION OF SUGAR CONSUMPTION IN THE FERMENTATION OF TEMULOSE FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION (2007)

Temulose is a wastewater stream created in the production of medium-density&#13;\nfiberboard. It has a high sugar content, and therefore cannot be released into standard wastewater systems. Current methods for disposal of the wastewater stream involve&#13;\nconcentrating it in an energy-intensive process and selling it as a cattle feed supplement, but with energy prices rising there is an incentive to find higher-value uses. The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of using Temulose as a substrate for industrial ethanol production, using sugar consumption rates to determine the success of a fermentation. Three organisms were studied: Zymomonas mobilis, NRRL B-806; Candida shehatae, NRRL Y-12858; and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.&#13;\nShake-flask fermentations for Z. mobilis and C. shehatae were performed in triplicate for unamended, pH adjusted, and yeast extract amended Temulose at a sugar concentration of 20%. Fermentations with unamended Temulose showed little or no sugar consumption whatsoever, although the high sugar concentration of the Temulose may have affected the performance of the organisms. Fermentations with pH adjustment from 4.5 to 5.5 showed higher sugar consumption rates than yeast extract amended fermentations (1.16 mg/ml compared to 0.390 mg/ml for the first two days of fermentation). Additionally, Z. mobilis was shown to have higher rates of sugar consumption for both amended fermentations (1.02 mg/ml compared to 0.75 mg/ml for the first day).&#13;\nFermentations using S. cerevisiae were performed with varying loading rates for&#13;\nyeast (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, w/v). Sugar consumption could not be determined, but&#13;\nethanol concentrations up to 4% were observed after the first day of fermentation.
A Large Maize (Zea mays L.) SNP Genotyping Array: Development and Germplasm Genotyping, and Genetic Mapping to Compare with the B73 Reference Genome (2011)

SNP genotyping arrays have been useful for many applications that require a large number of molecular markers such as high-density genetic mapping, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection. We report the establishment of a large maize SNP array and its use for diversity analysis and high density linkage mapping. The markers, taken from more than 800,000 SNPs, were selected to be preferentially located in genes and evenly distributed across the genome. The array was tested with a set of maize germplasm including North American and European inbred lines, parent/F1 combinations, and distantly related teosinte material. A total of 49,585 markers, including 33,417 within 17,520 different genes and 16,168 outside genes, were of good quality for genotyping, with an average failure rate of 4% and rates up to 8% in specific germplasm. To demonstrate this array's use in genetic mapping and for the independent validation of the B73 sequence assembly, two intermated maize recombinant inbred line populations - IBM (B73×Mo17) and LHRF (F2×F252) - were genotyped to establish two high density linkage maps with 20,913 and 14,524 markers respectively. 172 mapped markers were absent in the current B73 assembly and their placement can be used for future improvements of the B73 reference sequence. Colinearity of the genetic and physical maps was mostly conserved with some exceptions that suggest errors in the B73 assembly. Five major regions containing non-colinearities were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 7 and 9, and are supported by both independent genetic maps. Four additional non-colinear regions were found on the LHRF map only; they may be due to a lower density of IBM markers in those regions or to true structural rearrangements between lines. Given the array's high quality, it will be a valuable resource for maize genetics and many aspects of maize breeding.
Displaying High-affinity Ligands on Adeno-associated Viral Vectors Enables Tumor Cell-specific and Safe Gene Transfer (2012)

Gene transfer vectors derived from the adeno-associated virus (AAV) have recently received increasing attention due to substantial therapeutic benefit in several clinical trials. Nevertheless, their great potential for in vivo gene therapy can only be partially exploited owing to their broad tropism. Current cell surface targeting strategies expanded vector tropism towards transduction of cell types that are inefficiently infected naturally, but failed to restrict or fully re-direct AAV's tropism. Hypothesizing that this limitation can be overcome by equipping natural receptor-blinded AAV vectors with high-affinity ligands, we displayed designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPin) as VP2 fusion proteins on AAV capsids ablated for natural primary receptor binding. These second generation targeting vectors demonstrated an as of yet unachieved efficiency to discriminate between target and non-target cells in mono- and mixed cultures. Moreover, DARPin-AAV vectors delivered a suicide gene precisely to tumor tissue and substantially reduced tumor growth without causing fatal liver toxicity. The latter caused death in animals treated with conventional AAV vectors with unmodified capsids, which accumulated in liver tissue and failed to affect tumor growth. This novel targeting platform will be key to translational approaches requiring restricted and cell type-specific in vivo gene delivery.
Functions of Vitamin D, Retinoic Acid, and Dexamethasone in Mouse Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Cells (2006)

Adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (AMCs) offer great promise for tissue engineering of bone. Previously, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, retinoic acid (RA), and dexamethasone had been shown to promote osteogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BMSCs). To study the osteogenic characteristics of mouse AMCs, we applied these 3 hormones alone and in combination to the AMCs and examined markers of osteogenic differentiation. Interestingly, vitamin D and RA demonstrated a consistent, dose-dependent enhancement of osteogenesis and upregulated osteoblast specific markers including osteopontin and osteocalcin. However, in AMCs, dexamethasone clearly inhibited osteogenic differentiation in a dose dependent fashion and greatly increased the adipogenic marker peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAgamma). In summary, we show in vitro that vitamin D and RA are potential candidates to serve as enhancers of osteogenesis of AMCs and may be incorporated into future cell-based strategies for bone tissue engineering.