gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting YAP-Dependent MDSC Infiltration Impairs Tumor Progression (2015)

We demonstrate a critical role of MDSCs in prostate tumor progression and discover a cancer cell nonautonomous function of the Hippo-YAP pathway in regulation of CXCL5, a ligand for CXCR2-expressing MDSCs. Pharmacologic elimination of MDSCs or blocking the heterotypic CXCL5-CXCR2 signaling circuit elicits robust antitumor responses and prolongs survival.
Velocity‐porosity‐clay content systematics of poorly consolidated sandstones (1984)

Compressional velocities have been measured as a function of confining pressure for 14 West Delta Block (Louisiana) sandstone cores. The dry velocity data for these poorly consolidated sandstones at 10 MPa confining pressure plot on a linear velocity‐density trend with well‐consolidated sandstones but not loose sands. The dry velocity data also show linear trends of decreasing velocity with increasing porosity along contours of constant clay content similar to those obtained at 40 MPa by Tosaya and Nur (1982) for saturated sandstones. The spacing between clay contours indicates that a large portion of the velocity variation with clay content is due to microporosity, which is not included in point counting, within the clays. The slope of the velocity‐porosity trends indicates that cementation increases with decreasing porosity.
Hematopoietic Commitment During Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation in Culture (1993)

We report that embryonic stem cells efficiently undergo differentiation in vitro to mesoderm and hematopoietic cells and that this in vitro system recapitulates days 6.5 to 7.5 of mouse hematopoietic development. Embryonic stem cells differentiated as embryoid bodies (EBs) develop erythroid precursors by day 4 of differentiation, and by day 6, more than 85% of EBs contain such cells. A comparative reverse transcriptase-mediated polymerase chain reaction profile of marker genes for primitive endoderm (collagen alpha IV) and mesoderm (Brachyury) indicates that both cell types are present in the developing EBs as well in normal embryos prior to the onset of hematopoiesis. GATA-1, GATA-3, and vav are expressed in both the EBs and embryos just prior to and/or during the early onset of hematopoiesis, indicating that they could play a role in the early stages of hematopoietic development both in vivo and in vitro. The initial stages of hematopoietic development within the EBs occur in the absence of added growth factors and are not significantly influenced by the addition of a broad spectrum of factors, including interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-1, IL-6, IL-11, erythropoietin, and Kit ligand. At days 10 and 14 of differentiation, EB hematopoiesis is significantly enhanced by the addition of both Kit ligand and IL-11 to the cultures. Kinetic analysis indicates that hematopoietic precursors develop within the EBs in an ordered pattern. Precursors of the primitive erythroid lineage appear first, approximately 24 h before precursors of the macrophage and definitive erythroid lineages. Bipotential neutrophil/macrophage and multilineage precursors appear next, and precursors of the mast cell lineage develop last. The kinetics of precursor development, as well as the growth factor responsiveness of these early cells, is similar to that found in the yolk sac and early fetal liver, indicating that the onset of hematopoiesis within the EBs parallels that found in the embryo.
Abstract 5770: Engineering and characterization of anti-PSMA humabody-deBouganin fusion proteins (2018)

Abstract Targeted protein therapeutics or TPTs are single-protein therapeutics composed of targeting moieties genetically fused via peptide linker to cytotoxic protein payloads. TPTs are designed to overcome efficacy and safety challenges inherent within ADCs. For tumor indications only reachable by systemic delivery, we have designed a de-immunized cytotoxic protein payload, deBouganin. DeBouganin is a T-cell epitope-depleted variant of bouganin, a type I Ribosome Inactivating Protein (RIP) that blocks protein synthesis by the deadenylation of ribosome RNA resulting in programmed cell death. DeBouganin's biophysical and biochemical properties, in combination with its unique mechanism of action, make it an attractive cytotoxic payload for targeted drug delivery. Using different protein scaffolds and in vivo matured human VH domains, we have shown that deBouganin exhibits certain advantages over more conventional small molecule cytotoxins, with respect to cell killing power, including the ability to kill cancer stem cells, circumvent multi-drug resistance, and avoidance of cross-resistance mechanisms. Crescendo has created a proprietary transgenic mouse devoid of any antibody light chains from which it generates highly diverse fully human VH domain (‘Humabody®') building blocks. In vivo maturation optimizes Humabody® potency and develops superior biophysical properties. Their small size and high stability permits Humabody® assembly into multifunctional formats optimally configured for therapeutic effcacy. Such molecules are capable of target engagement that is unachievable using regular mAbs and may include a half-life extending serum albumin-binding binding domain or a cytotoxic payload. Using monovalent and biparatopic PSMA targeting Humabody® formats, we describe the molecular engineering and biological testing of novel anti-PSMA Humabody-deBouganin fusion constructs with or without a VH half-life extender. The data show that Humabody-deBouganin fusion proteins are expressible as a soluble protein in E. coli supernatant. Moreover, biological testing demonstrated the preference of a non-cleavable linker composed of a single G4S motif over a furin linker so as to ensure serum stability. IC50 value of all fusion proteins was approximately 0.2 nM against PSMA-positive LnCAP tumor cells. In vitro data support the potential of Humabody-deBouganin fusion constructs as anti-cancer therapeutics.&amp;lt;!–EndFragment–&amp;gt; Citation Format: Jeannick Cizeau, Shilpa Chooniedass, Rachelle L. Dillon, Arjune Premsukh, Gregory P. Adams, Glen C. MacDonald, Normann Goodwin, Lorraine Thompson, Bethan Archer. Engineering and characterization of anti-PSMA humabody-deBouganin fusion proteins [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5770.
Chromatin Affinity Purification and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Defining the Interactome of Histone Modification Patterns (2011)

DNA and histone modifications direct the functional state of chromatin and thereby the readout of the genome. Candidate approaches and histone peptide affinity purification experiments have identified several proteins that bind to chromatin marks. However, the complement of factors that is recruited by individual and combinations of DNA and histone modifications has not yet been defined. Here, we present a strategy based on recombinant, uniformly modified chromatin templates used in affinity purification experiments in conjunction with SILAC-based quantitative mass spectrometry for this purpose. On the prototypic H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 histone modification marks we compare our method with a histone N-terminal peptide affinity purification approach. Our analysis shows that only some factors associate with both, chromatin and peptide matrices but that a surprisingly large number of proteins differ in their association with these templates. Global analysis of the proteins identified implies specific domains mediating recruitment to the chromatin marks. Our proof-of-principle studies show that chromatin templates with defined modification patterns can be used to decipher how the histone code is read and translated.
Research on high-efficiency, single-junction, monolithic, thin-film amorphous silicon solar cells (1989)

This report present results of the third phase of research in high-efficiency, single-junction, monolithic, thin-film, a-Si solar cells. Six glow-discharge deposition systems, including an in-line multichamber system, were used to grow both doped and undoped a-Si films. In single load-lock system, a-Si was deposited over 1000- cm{sup 2} substrates with less then a 1% variation in thickness and low oxygen impurity levels. The system produced 1000-cm{sup 2} submodules with active-area efficiencies of 8.7%. A model was developed for light scattering in textured tin oxide that predicts scattered transmission through the air/glass/tin oxide/air configuration to within a few percent. Textured tin oxide films were grown by chemical vapor deposition using tin tetrachloride. Solar-cell efficiencies of about 11% were obtained in small-area p-i-n cells with reflective back contacts of Ti/Ag that exhibit external quantum efficiencies as high as 58.7% at 700 nm; other cells with ITO/Ag back contacts have had quantum efficiencies as high as 64% at 700 nm. High-performance cells were fabricated by employing dopant and carbon concentration gradients near the p/i interface. Total-area efficiencies around 8% were obtained for submodules in which the patterning was done by laser scribing. 11 refs., 35 figs., 18 tabs.
OFDM with diversity and coding for advanced cellular Internet services (2002)

The rapid growth of wireless voice subscribers; the proliferation of the Internet; and the increasing use of portable computing devices suggest a very promising future for wireless data services. The key to realizing this potential is the deployment of robust, high-bit-rate, wide-area wireless networks. We describe a technique for achieving a reliable, high-speed (1-2 Mbps) wireless Internet service for mobile and portable cellular subscribers. We show, through simulations, that by combining orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation with multiple transmit antennas, receive antenna diversity, and Reed-Solomon coding, the link-budget and dispersive-fading limitations of the cellular mobile radio environment can be overcome and the effects of co-channel interference can be reduced.
Quiet Readout of Superconducting Flux States (2002)

The INSQUID (INductive Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) can measure the flux state of a superconducting qubit rapidly, while allowing the quantum state of the qubit to evolve with low levels of back action. The INSQUID consists of a dc SQUID with unshunted junctions connected in parallel with a superconducting inductor; the qubit is placed inside the SQUID loop. The inductor is coupled to a readout dc SQUID with resistively-shunted junctions. By applying appropriate fluxes to the input SQUID and the inductor, the INSQUID can be turned "off", so that virtually no flux noise is coupled from the readout SQUID to the qubit. Different flux biases turn the INSQUID "on", enabling the readout SQUID to measure the flux state of the qubit. The INSQUID can also be used to turn on and off the coupling between two or more qubits.
The Kringle Domains of Human Plasminogen (2007)

The mature form of the zymogen, human plasminogen (HPlg), contains 791 amino acids present in a single polypeptide chain. The fibrinolytic enzyme, human plasmin (HPlm), is formed from HPlg as a result of activator-catalysed cleavage of the Arg561-Val562 peptide bond in HPlg. The resulting HPlm contains a heavy chain of 561 amino acid residues, originating from the N-terminus of HPlg, doubly disulfide-linked to a light chain of 230 amino acid residues. This latter region, containing the C-terminus of HPlg, is homologous to serine proteases such as trypsin and elastase. The heavy chain of HPlm consists of five repeating triple-disulfide-linked peptide regions, c. 80 amino acid residues in length, termed kringles (K), that are responsible for interactions of HPlg and HPlm with substrates, inhibitors and regulators of HPlg activation. Important among the ligands of the kringles are positive activation effectors, typified by lysine and its analogues, and negative activation effectors, such as Cl-. The kringle domains of HPlg that participate in these binding interactions are K1, K4 and K5, and perhaps K2. These modules appear to function as independent domains. The amino acid residues important in these kringle/ligand binding interactions have been proposed by structural determinations, and their relative importance quantified by site-directed mutagenesis experimentation.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of acellular diaphragmatic matrices seeded with muscle precursors cells and coated with VEGF silica gels to repair muscle defect of the diaphragm (2008)

In this work, a bioartificial system consisting of VEGF-loaded porous silica gel and myoblasts cultured on acellular diaphragmatic matrix (ADM) has been implanted to repair a surgically created diaphragmatic defect in Lewis rats. ADMs exerted a strong angiogenic response on chorio-allantoic membrane. Cytotoxicity, VEGF release and matrix erodibility in vitro tests demonstrated that the silica support was nontoxic and that the VEGF bioactivity was maintained after matrix entrapment and it was released within a timeframe that can be modulated by synthesis parameters. Different grafts composed by ADMs with and without autologous male myoblasts or/and VEGF-loaded porous silica gel have been implanted to repair previously created diaphragmatic defects in female Lewis rats. Patches composed of ADMs and myoblasts appeared well preserved until 8 weeks, and contained multinucleated cells and cholinergic fibers. At 8 weeks, the implanted cells were still present inside the patches. The disappointing results obtained when VEGF was delivered by porous silica gel were probably due to an abnormal angiogenic response following an excess of local growth factor concentration. Taken together, these results confirmed that our matrices contained biologically active angiogenic factors which were per se sufficient to induce neo-vessels formation, thus allowing the survival of implanted myoblasts.
Hydrogen peroxide fuels aging, inflammation, cancer metabolism and metastasis (2011)

In 1889, Dr. Stephen Paget proposed the "seed and soil" hypothesis, which states that cancer cells (the seeds) need the proper microenvironment (the soil) for them to grow, spread and metastasize systemically. In this hypothesis, Dr. Paget rightfully recognized that the tumor microenvironment has an important role to play in cancer progression and metastasis. In this regard, a series of recent studies have elegantly shown that the production of hydrogen peroxide, by both cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, may provide the necessary "fertilizer," by driving accelerated aging, DNA damage, inflammation and cancer metabolism, in the tumor microenvironment. By secreting hydrogen peroxide, cancer cells and fibroblasts are mimicking the behavior of immune cells (macrophages/neutrophils), driving local and systemic inflammation, via the innate immune response (NFκB). Thus, we should consider using various therapeutic strategies (such as catalase and/or other anti-oxidants) to neutralize the production of cancer-associated hydrogen peroxide, thereby preventing tumor-stroma co-evolution and metastasis. The implications of these findings for overcoming chemo-resistance in cancer cells are also discussed in the context of hydrogen peroxide production and cancer metabolism.
S gene expression and the timing of lysis by bacteriophage lambda (1995)

The S gene of bacteriophage lambda encodes the holin required for release of the R endolysin at the onset of phage-induced host lysis. S is the promoter-proximal gene on the single lambda late transcript and spans 107 codons. S has a novel translational initiation region with dual start codons, resulting in the production of two protein products, S105 and S107. Although differing only by the Met-1-Lys-2... N-terminal extension present on S107, the two proteins are thought to have opposing functions, with the shorter polypeptide acting as the lysis effector and the longer one acting as an inhibitor. The expression of wild-type and mutant alleles of the holin gene has been assessed quantitatively with respect to the scheduling of lysis. S mRNA accumulates during the late gene expression period to a final level of about 170 molecules per cell and is maintained at that level for at least the last 15 min before lysis. Total S protein synthesis, partitioned at about 2:1 in favor of the S105 protein compared with the other product, S107, accumulates to a final level of approximately 4,600 molecules per cell. The kinetics of accumulation of S is consistent with a constant translational rate of less than one S protein per mRNA per minute. Mutant alleles with alterations in the translational initiation region were studied to determine how the translational initiation region of S achieves the proper partition of initiation events at the two S start codons and how the synthesis of S105 and S107 relates to lysis timing. The results are discussed in terms of a model for the pathway by which the 30S ribosome-fMet-tRNA complex binds to the translational initiation region of S. In addition, analysis of the relationship between lysis timing and the levels of the two S gene products suggests that S107 inhibits S105, the lethal lysis effector, by a stoichiometric titration.
axl, a transforming gene isolated from primary human myeloid leukemia cells, encodes a novel receptor tyrosine kinase. (1991)

Using a sensitive transfection-tumorigenicity assay, we have isolated a novel transforming gene from the DNA of two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Sequence analysis indicates that the product of this gene, axl, is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Overexpression of axl cDNA in NIH 3T3 cells induces neoplastic transformation with the concomitant appearance of a 140-kDa axl tyrosine-phosphorylated protein. Expression of axl cDNA in the baculovirus system results in the expression of the appropriate recombinant protein that is recognized by antiphosphotyrosine antibodies, confirming that the axl protein is a tyrosine kinase. The juxtaposition of fibronectin type III and immunoglobulinlike repeats in the extracellular domain, as well as distinct amino acid sequences in the kinase domain, indicate that the axl protein represents a novel subclass of receptor tyrosine kinases.
Cost-Benefit Issues in the Practice of Internal Medicine (1991)

The rapidly escalating costs of medical treatment would suggest that everything be done to limit expenses when it can be done without jeopardizing patient care. Unfortunately, cost consciousness is a relatively new concept for most physicians and even today is not emphasized in most medical education programs. Over the past five years numerous articles have been published indicating ways in which specific cost-effective measures can be taken that can positively influence the cost of routine medical care. This article details a number of well-documented steps practicing physicians might consider to decrease the cost of medical treatment without compromising patient care.
Red cell transfusions in coronary artery bypass surgery (DRGs 106 and 107) (1992)

To study red cell transfusion practice in 3216 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) cases in 11 hospitals in 1988, abstracted patient records were stratified by diagnosis related group (DRG) (that is, DRG 106, coronary artery bypass without catheterization, or DRG 107, coronary artery bypass with catheterization) and International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) surgical procedure code. Means of units per transfused patient, age and length of stay, and in-hospital mortality rates were significantly greater for patients in DRG 106 than DRG 107. Gender was a significant factor for transfusion outcomes; female patients were more likely to undergo transfusion, and, when transfused, they received more units of red cells than male patients. For a given DRG/ICD-9-CM surgical procedure class, significant differences were found between hospitals in the percentage of patients transfused, but not in mean units of red cells per transfused patient. However, within individual hospitals, the proportion of patients transfused and the number of units per transfused patient did not vary significantly across DRG/ICD-9-CM procedure classes. These results suggest that circumstances operating within a hospital, still to be identified, had more influence on transfusion decisions than the nature of the surgical intervention.
The Gambia (2004)

The Gambia was discovered by the early Portuguese navigators, but they did not settle. During the 17th century companies of merchants obtained trading charters and established a settlement on the river, which, from 1807, was controlled from Sierra Leone. The Gambia became an independent member of the Commonwealth on 18 Feb. 1965 and a republic within the Commonwealth on 24 April 1970.
Structure of the Constant and 3′ Untranslated Regions of the Murine γ2b Heavy Chain Messenger RNA (1979)

The complete coding sequence for the constant region of the mouse gamma 2b immunoglobulin heavy chain and the 3' untranslated region has been determined. The coding portion of the sequence is 1008 nucleotides long (amino acid residues 114 to 449), and the 3' noncoding region contains 102 nucleotides preceeding the polyadenylate. An extra carboxyl-terminal lysine residue which had not been observed in the gamma 2b or other gamma subclass protein sequences occurs in the nucleotide sequence and is probably processed posttranslationally. A 17-nucleotide sequence occurs with slight variation twice in CH1 and once in CH2 domains in the same relative location but with different translational phase. This sequence may be the site of crossover in a gamma 2b . gamma 2a heavy chain variant, an indication of possible recombinational activity of some kind.
Influenza vaccine experience in Seattle. (1980)

Influenza vaccine experience in Seattle. M BaderCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.70.5.545 Published Online: October 07, 2011
RESEARCHES ON QUINAZOLINES (THIRTY-FIRST PAPER). THE ACTION OF METHYL AND ETHYL IODIDES UPON 4-QUINAZOLONES. (1912)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRESEARCHES ON QUINAZOLINES (THIRTY-FIRST PAPER). THE ACTION OF METHYL AND ETHYL IODIDES UPON 4-QUINAZOLONES.Marston Taylor Bogert and George Augustus GeigerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1912, 34, 5, 683–693Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1912Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1912https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02206a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02206a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts