gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scheduling Sporadic and Aperiodic Events in a Hard Real-Time System (1989)

Abstract : A real-time system consists of both aperiodic and periodic tasks. Periodic tasks have regular arrival times and hard deadlines. Aperiodic tasks have irregular arrival times and either soft or hard deadlines. In this paper, we present a new algorithm, the Sporadic Server algorithm, that greatly improves response times for soft-deadline aperiodic tasks and can guarantee hard deadlines for both periodic and aperiodic tasks. The operation of the Sporadic Server algorithm, its performance, and schedulability analysis are discussed and compared with previous, published aperiodic service algorithms. Real-time systems are used to control physical processes that range in complexity from automobile ignition systems to controllers for flight systems and nuclear power plants. In these systems, the correctness of system functions depends upon not only the results of computation but also the times at which results are produced.
Design and Synthesis of γ‐Dipeptide Derivatives with Submicromolar Affinities for Human Somatostatin Receptors (2003)

A simple, designed, open-chain γ-dipeptide derivative (see picture; Nap=naphthyl), which contains only three amide bonds, can mimic the 14-amino acid peptide hormone somatostatin. Surprisingly, the highest affinities (KD≈0.5 μM) for human receptors are observed when the “mandatory” Trp and Lys side chains on the turn mimic carry bulky substituents.
Silencing and Variegation of Gammaretrovirus and Lentivirus Vectors (2005)

Retrovirus vectors integrate into the genome, providing stable gene transfer, but integration contributes in part to transcriptional silencing that compromises long-term expression. In the case of gammaretrovirus vectors based on murine leukemia virus, many integration events are completely silenced in undifferentiated stem cells and in transgenic mice. Gammaretrovirus vectors are also subject to variegation in which sister cells bearing the same provirus differentially express, and cell differentiation can lead to extinction of vector expression. In contrast, lentivirus vectors based on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 appear to express more efficiently, although other reports indicate that lentivirus vectors can be silenced. This review summarizes the key features of gammaretrovirus vector silencing. The evidence for and against gene silencing of lentivirus vectors is described with special emphasis on the potential effects of vector design, provirus copy number, and integration site preferences on silencing. This analysis suggests that the difference between selfinactivating (SIN) lentivirus vectors and their modified SIN gammaretrovirus counterparts may be less dramatic than previously thought. It will therefore be important to further characterize the mechanisms of silencing, in order to create better gammaretrovirus and lentivirus vectors that consistently express at single copy for gene therapy.
Immunodetection and partial cDNA sequence of the proteoglycan, superficial zone protein, synthesized by cells lining synovial joints (1999)

We have previously described a large proteoglycan named superficial zone protein that was isolated and purified from culture medium of superficial slices of bovine articular cartilage. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against superficial zone protein and used as probes in Western blot analyses for immunohistochemical studies both to determine precisely which cells within the joint synthesize the proteoglycan and to isolate a cDNA fragment from a bovine chondrocyte lambdagt11 library that encodes part of the proteoglycan. The cDNA fragment that was obtained with use of monoclonal antibody 6-A-1 encodes the 3' end of the sequence for superficial zone protein. On Western blots, monoclonal antibody 3-A-4 recognized an epitope on native, but not reduced, superficial zone protein, whereas monoclonal antibody 6-A-1 reacted with both native and denatured antigen. The proteoglycan was immunolocalized with monoclonal antibody 3-A-4 in chondrocytes predominantly within the superficial zone of fetal and adult articular cartilage and in some cells of the synovial lining. However, the proteoglycan was not detected in chondrocytes deep in articular cartilage, in nasal septal cartilage, or in synovial stromal cells. The only matrix staining positively for superficial zone protein was at the articular surface bordering the synovial cavity in adult, but not fetal, joints. Isolated chondrocytes and synovial cells showed intracellular binding of monoclonal antibody 3-A-4, and flow-cytometric analysis with the antibody gave the following percentages of immunopositive cells: 37.4, 52.5, 3.4, and 7.5 from chondrocytes from the full-thickness, superficial, and deep zones and from synovial cells, respectively. Thus, both chondrocytes and synovial cells bordering the joint cavity synthesize superficial zone protein and substantiate its usefulness as a phenotypic marker of particular cellular species lining the articular cavity.
The child conceived to give life. The point of view of the hematologist. (1992)

The different modalities of stem cell transplantation and the indication of each of them are briefly discussed. Transplantation can be successfully applied in hematologic diseases or in congenital disorders.
Microelectrophoresis for the separation of DNA fragments (1992)

A methodology has been developed which significantly reduces the linear dimension necessary for the electrophoretic separation of DNA fragments and oligonucleotides. DNA fragments are rapidly separated into compact, resolvable microscopic banding patterns which can be detected using a high-resolution electronic imaging system. Separations can be carried out in either capillary tube or thin-layer (slab) microgel formats of one centimeter or less in length. The complete separation of all eleven fragments (1353 to 72 base pairs) of the pi X174 DNA/HaeIII restriction ladder was achieved in a total running distance of less than 2 mm and in less than 2 min. The observed band widths for the larger fragments (1353-603 bp) ranged from 18 to 25 microns, with the intermediate and smaller fragments (310 to 72 bp) ranging from 30 microns to 60 microns. The ethidium bromide-stained microgels were analyzed using an epifluorescent microscope combined with an intensified charged coupled device imaging system. In other experiments, single-base resolution of fluoresceinated oligonucleotides in the 20-30 nucleotide range was demonstrated. DNA sequencing may be possible with further optimization. This new methodology departs from the conventional gel formulations and electrophoretic procedures used for the separation DNA fragments. High voltage gradients and the use of highly concentrated and crosslinked homogeneous polyacrylamide gels effects the rapid separation of DNA fragments in very short distances. Analysis of the microgels with proteins of known size (Stokes radius) indicates that separations are occurring in gels with pore sizes close to the diameter of double-stranded DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spectroscopic and Clinical Aspects of Noninvasive Glucose Measurements (1999)

Frequent determination of glucose concentrations in diabetic patients is an important tool for diabetes management. This requires repetitive lancing and finger bleeding. Use of noninvasive (NI) detection techniques offers several advantages, such as the absence of pain and exposure to sharp objects and biohazard materials, the potential for increased frequency of testing, and hence, tighter control of the glucose concentrations, and the potential for a closed-loop system including a monitor and an insulin pump. These potential advantages have led to considerable interest in the commercialization of NI glucose monitoring devices. Review of the scientific, patent, and commercial literature indicates that the spectroscopic basis for NI determination of glucose is not yet well established, and attempts at commercialization may be several steps ahead of our understanding the origin and characteristics of an in vivo glucose-specific or glucose-related signal. Several technologies have potential for leading to viable measuring devices, but most of the data are based on in vitro experimentation. Because of the technical complexity of in vivo glucose measurements, this review aims at discussing the gap between the established need and current technology limitations.
Activation‐induced cell death in T cells (2003)

A properly functioning immune system is dependent on programmed cell death at virtually every stage of lymphocyte development and activity. This review addresses the phenomenon of activation-induced cell death (AICD) in T lymphocytes, in which activation through the T-cell receptor results in apoptosis. AICD can occur in a cell-autonomous manner and is influenced by the nature of the initial T-cell activation events. It plays essential roles in both central and peripheral deletion events involved in tolerance and homeostasis, although it is likely that different forms of AICD proceed via different mechanisms. For example, while AICD in peripheral T cells is often caused by the induction of expression of the death ligand, Fas ligand (CD95 ligand, FasL), it does not appear to be involved in AICD in thymocytes. This and other mechanisms of AICD are discussed. One emerging model that may complement other forms of AICD involves the inducible expression of FasL by nonlymphoid tissues in response to activated T lymphocytes. Induction of nonlymphoid FasL in this manner may serve as a sensing mechanism for immune cell infiltration, which contributes to peripheral deletion.
Viral vaccines and their manufacturing cell substrates: New trends and designs in modern vaccinology (2015)

Vaccination is one of the most effective interventions in global health. The worldwide vaccination programs significantly reduced the number of deaths caused by infectious agents. A successful example was the eradication of smallpox in 1979 after two centuries of vaccination campaigns. Since the first variolation administrations until today, the knowledge on immunology has increased substantially. This knowledge combined with the introduction of cell culture and DNA recombinant technologies revolutionized vaccine design. This review will focus on vaccines against human viral pathogens, recent developments on vaccine design and cell substrates used for their manufacture. While the production of attenuated and inactivated vaccines requires the use of the respective permissible cell substrates, the production of recombinant antigens, virus-like particles, vectored vaccines and chimeric vaccines requires the use - and often the development - of specific cell lines. Indeed, the development of novel modern viral vaccine designs combined with, the stringent safety requirements for manufacture, and the better understanding on animal cell metabolism and physiology are increasing the awareness on the importance of cell line development and engineering areas. A new era of modern vaccinology is arriving, offering an extensive toolbox to materialize novel and creative ideas in vaccine design and its manufacture.
Ultrasonic tracking of acoustic radiation force-induced displacements in homogeneous media (2006)

The use of ultrasonic methods to track the tissue deformation generated by acoustic radiation force is subject to jitter and displacement underestimation errors, with displacement underestimation being primarily caused by lateral and elevation shearing within the point spread function (PSF) of the ultrasonic beam. Models have been developed using finite element methods and Field II, a linear acoustic field simulation package, to study the impact of focal configuration, tracking frequency, and material properties on the accuracy of ultrasonically tracking the tissue deformation generated by acoustic radiation force excitations. These models demonstrate that lateral and elevation shearing underneath the PSF of the tracking beam leads to displacement underestimation in the focal zone. Displacement underestimation can be reduced by using tracking beams that are narrower than the spatial extent of the displacement fields. Displacement underestimation and jitter decrease with time after excitation as shear wave propagation away from the region of excitation reduces shearing in the lateral and elevation dimensions. The use of higher tracking frequencies in broadband transducers, along with 2D focusing in the elevation dimension, will reduce jitter and improve displacement tracking accuracy. Relative displacement underestimation remains constant as a function of applied force, whereas jitter increases with applied force. Underdeveloped speckle (SNR < 1.91) leads to greater levels of jitter and peak displacement underestimation. Axial shearing is minimal over the tracking kernel lengths used in acoustic radiation force impulse imaging and thus does not impact displacement tracking.
SMASH: One-Shot Model Architecture Search through HyperNetworks (2017)

Designing architectures for deep neural networks requires expert knowledge and substantial computation time. We propose a technique to accelerate architecture selection by learning an auxiliary HyperNet that generates the weights of a main model conditioned on that model's architecture. By comparing the relative validation performance of networks with HyperNet-generated weights, we can effectively search over a wide range of architectures at the cost of a single training run. To facilitate this search, we develop a flexible mechanism based on memory read-writes that allows us to define a wide range of network connectivity patterns, with ResNet, DenseNet, and FractalNet blocks as special cases. We validate our method (SMASH) on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, STL-10, ModelNet10, and Imagenet32x32, achieving competitive performance with similarly-sized hand-designed networks. Our code is available at https://github.com/ajbrock/SMASH
The VERNALIZATION INDEPENDENCE 4 gene encodes a novel regulator of FLOWERING LOCUS C (2002)

The late-flowering, vernalization-responsive habit of many Arabidopsis ecotypes is mediated predominantly through repression of the floral programme by the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) gene. To better understand this repressive mechanism, we have taken a genetic approach to identify novel genes that positively regulate FLC expression. We identified recessive mutations in a gene designated VERNALIZATION INDEPENDENCE 4 (VIP4), that confer early flowering and loss of FLC expression in the absence of cold. We cloned the VIP4 gene and found that it encodes a highly hydrophilic protein with similarity to proteins from yeasts, Drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans. Consistent with a proposed role as a direct activator of FLC, VIP4 is expressed throughout the plant in a pattern similar to that of FLC. However, unlike FLC, VIP4 RNA expression is not down-regulated in vernalized plants, suggesting that VIP4 is probably not sufficient to activate FLC, and that VIP4 is probably not directly involved in a vernalization mechanism. Epistasis analysis suggests that VIP4 could act in a separate pathway from previously identified FLC regulators, including FRIGIDA and the autonomous flowering promotion pathway gene LUMINIDEPENDENS. Mutants lacking detectable VIP4 expression flower earlier than FLC null mutants, suggesting that VIP4 regulates flowering-time genes in addition to FLC. Floral morphology is also disrupted in vip4 mutants; thus, VIP4 has multiple roles in development.
Poly(α‐hydroxyl acids)/hydroxyapatite porous composites for bone‐tissue engineering. I. Preparation and morphology (1999)

Tissue engineering has shown great promise for creating biological alternatives for implants. In this approach, scaffolding plays a pivotal role. Hydroxyapatite mimics the natural bone mineral and has shown good bone-bonding properties. This paper describes the preparation and morphologies of three-dimensional porous composites from poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) solution and hydroxyapatite (HAP). A thermally induced phase separation technique was used to create the highly porous composite scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering. Freeze drying of the phase-separated polymer/HAP/solvent mixtures produced hard and tough foams with a co-continuous structure of interconnected pores and a polymer/HAP composite skeleton. The microstructure of the pores and the walls was controlled by varying the polymer concentration, HAP content, quenching temperature, polymer, and solvent utilized. The porosity increased with decreasing polymer concentration and HAP content. Foams with porosity as high as 95% were achieved. Pore sizes ranging from several microns to a few hundred microns were obtained. The composite foams showed a significant improvement in mechanical properties over pure polymer foams. They are promising scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 44, 446–455, 1999.
Pose-Invariant Face Recognition via RGB-D Images (2015)

Three-dimensional (3D) face models can intrinsically handle large pose face recognition problem. In this paper, we propose a novel pose-invariant face recognition method via RGB-D images. By employing depth, our method is able to handle self-occlusion and deformation, both of which are challenging problems in two-dimensional (2D) face recognition. Texture images in the gallery can be rendered to the same view as the probe via depth. Meanwhile, depth is also used for similarity measure via frontalization and symmetric filling. Finally, both texture and depth contribute to the final identity estimation. Experiments on Bosphorus, CurtinFaces, Eurecom, and Kiwi databases demonstrate that the additional depth information has improved the performance of face recognition with large pose variations and under even more challenging conditions.
Differential immunologic reactivity and processing of glycoproteins gA and gB of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 made in Vero and HEp-2 cells. (1981)

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively) specify five major glycoproteins designated as gA, gB, gC, gD, and gE. Previous studies have shown that gA and gB differ in electrophoretic mobility but not in reactivity with antisera prepared to each of these glycoproteins. Moreover, gA and gB of HSV-1 crossreact in serologic tests with the corresponding glycoproteins of HSV-2. In this paper, we report on the reactivities of gA and gB of HSV-1 and HSV-2 with 24 independently derived monoclonal antibodies reactive with these antigens. Our results show the following: (i) Electrophoretic mobilities of HSV-1 and HSV-2 glycoproteins gA and gB made in HEp-2 cells are significantly less than those made in Vero cells. (ii) All monoclonal antibodies precipitated both gA and gB made in infected HEp-2 cells. These include 12 monoclonal antibodies that neutralized virus and 12 that did not. (iii) HSV-2 glycoproteins gA and gB made in HEp-2 cells contain type-specific domains. However, monoclonal antibodies produced by one clone directed to these domains did not react with glycoproteins made in Vero cells. (iv) Lysates of infected Vero cells contain three lower molecular weight polypeptides that also reacted with monoclonal antibodies directed to glycoproteins gA and gB. These polypeptides are virus specific inasmuch as those specified by HSV-1 differ in electrophoretic mobilities from those specified by HSV-2. these polypeptides are absent in lysates of HEp-2 cells.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Trial of Oral Irinotecan Administered Daily for 5 Days Every 3 Weeks in Patients With Solid Tumors (1999)

The MTD and recommended phase II dosage for oral CPT-11 is 66 mg/m2/d in patients younger than 65 years of age and 50 mg/m2/d in patients 65 or older, administered daily for 5 days every 3 weeks. The DLT of diarrhea is similar to that observed with IV administration of CPT-11. The biologic activity and favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics make oral administration of CPT-11 an attractive option for further clinical development.
Synthetic Microbes As Drug Delivery Systems (2014)

Synthetic cell therapy is a field that has broad potential for future applications in human disease treatment. Next generation therapies will consist of engineered bacterial strains capable of diagnosing disease, producing and delivering therapeutics, and controlling their numbers to meet containment and safety concerns. A thorough understanding of the microbial ecology of the human body and the interaction of the microbes with the immune system will benefit the choice of an appropriate chassis that engrafts stably and interacts productively with the resident community in specific body niches.
Biochemistry of reoxygenation injury (1988)

This paper summarizes current knowledge on the biochemistry of oxygen toxicity in general and the ischemia-reoxygenation tissue injury in particular. The superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical in cells can be formed enzymically or nonenzymically. Primary effects of oxygen radicals result in lipid peroxidation, which is believed to be initiated by a perferryl radical. Secondary effects are believed to be due to a disturbance in cellular calcium homeostasis. Reactions and treatment potentials are highly complex and their effects on cells, tissues, and organism are difficult to predict. Treatment potentials include superoxide dismutase, catalase, calcium entry blockers, iron chelators, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, and agents to prevent leukocyte adhesion. Reoxygenation injury mechanisms during resuscitation from clinical death can be studied in animals by evaluating the effects of antireoxygenation injury therapies and by monitoring free radical reactions.
Atlanto-axial arthrodesis by the wedge compression method. (1978)

Fifteen patients with atlanto-axial instability (secondary to os odontoideum in three, nonunion of an odontoid fracture in seven, acute odontoid fracture in three, and rheumatoid arthirtis in two) were treated by wedge compression arthrodesis of the atlanto-axial joint. One patient died at home eight weeks after fusion with the cause of death never established. Of the two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ankylosing spondylitis), one had a non-union and in the other the posterior arch of the atlas fractured and the fusion had to be extended up to the occiput and down to the third cervical vertebra. The procedure is rarely indicated in patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis or severe osteopenia.
Expression of adenosine receptor subclasses in malignant and adjacent normal human prostate tissues (2015)

These results indicated for the first time, the differential mRNA expression profile and protein levels of adenosine receptors in the human prostate cancer. Interestingly, the A2B adenosine receptor followed by A3 is highly expressed in prostate tumor samples in comparison with the adjacent normal tissues. The findings support the possible key role of A2B adenosine receptor in promoting cancer cell growth and suggest that A2B may be a novel target for prostate cancer treatment.