gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blind Motion Deblurring Using Image Statistics (2007)

We address the problem of blind motion deblurring from a single image, caused by a few moving objects. In such situations only part of the image may be blurred, and the scene consists of layers blurred in different degrees. Most of of existing blind deconvolution research concentrates at recovering a single blurring kernel for the entire image. However, in the case of different motions, the blur cannot be modeled with a single kernel, and trying to deconvolve the entire image with the same kernel will cause serious artifacts. Thus, the task of deblurring needs to involve segmentation of the image into regions with different blurs.

Our approach relies on the observation that the statistics of derivative filters in images are significantly changed by blur. Assuming the blur results from a constant velocity motion, we can limit the search to one dimensional box filter blurs. This enables us to model the expected derivatives distributions as a function of the width of the blur kernel. Those distributions are surprisingly powerful in discriminating regions with different blurs. The approach produces convincing deconvolution results on real world images with rich texture.
Concerning "cold welding" in crimped connections (2002)

The integrity of crimped connections has been described as dependent on the formation of "cold welded" microjunctions under a proper residual force distribution. This paper documents the presence of "cold welded" regions in a crimped connection consisting of a brass crimp barrel and a composite wire construction of mixed copper and silver conductors. Transfer of the conductor materials between themselves and to the crimp barrel, as well as between the crimp barrel and the conductors, was verified by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and is taken as indicative of "cold welding".
Application of Oligonucleoside Methylphosphonates in the Studies on Phosphodiester Hydrolysis bySerratiaEndonuclease (1999)

The endonuclease from Serratia marcescens is a non-specific enzyme that cleaves single and double stranded RNA and DNA. It accepts a phosphorylated pentanucleotide as a minimal substrate which is cleaved in the presence of Mg2+ at the second phosphodiester linkage. The present study is aimed at understanding the role of electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions in phosphodiester hydrolysis. Towards this objective, six pentadeoxyadenylates with single stereoregular methylphosphonate substitution within this minimal substrate (2a-4b) were synthesized following a protocol described here. These modified oligonucleotides were used as substrates for the Serratia nuclease. The enzyme interaction studies revealed that the enzyme failed to hydrolyze any of the methylphosphonate analogues suggesting the importance of negative charge and/or hydrogen bond acceptors in binding and cleavage of its substrate. Based on these results and available site-directed mutagenesis as well as structural data, a model for nucleic acid binding by Serratia nuclease is proposed.
8‐1: The Method to Compensate IR‐Drop of AMOLED Display (2019)

In this paper, we propose the method to compensate IR‐Drop of AMOLED display. To drive AMOLED display, each pixel circuit should drive each OLED. In this case, by the loading effect and IR‐drop, the LRU (Long Range Uniformity) and color accuracy characteristic could be worse. To avoid this problem, IR‐Drop map was simulated for each loading condition. And compensation algorithm was developed and implemented in driver IC. By this technology, gamma accuracy range (Δ gamma) by loading condition was improved from 1.1 to 0.15. And skin color accuracy (Δxy) by loading condition was improved from 0.0294 to 0.0020.
Mitochondria, Energy and Cancer: The Relationship with Ascorbic Acid. (2010)

Ascorbic Acid (AA) has been used in the prevention and treatment of cancer with reported effectiveness. Mitochondria may be one of the principal targets of ascorbate's cellular activity and it may play an important role in the development and progression of cancer. Mitochondria, besides generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), has a role in apoptosis regulation and in the production of regulatory oxidative species that may be relevant in gene expression. At higher concentrations AA may increase ATP production by increasing mitochondrial electron flux, also may induce apoptotic cell death in tumor cell lines, probably via its pro-oxidant action In contrast, at lower concentrations AA displays antioxidant properties that may prevent the activation of oxidant-induced apoptosis. These concentration dependent activities of ascorbate may explain in part the seemingly contradictory results that have been reported previously.
The pros and cons of lignin valorisation in an integrated biorefinery (2014)

Wood to chemicals is the subject of this short critical review, that outlines the chemical and economic aspects of several short-term and long-term perspectives for the valorisation of lignin to aromatics, polymers and materials.
Modulation of Glucose Metabolism by CD44 Contributes to Antioxidant Status and Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells (2012)

An increased glycolytic flux accompanied by activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is implicated in chemoresistance of cancer cells. In this study, we found that CD44, a cell surface marker for cancer stem cells, interacts with pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and thereby enhances the glycolytic phenotype of cancer cells that are either deficient in p53 or exposed to hypoxia. CD44 ablation by RNA interference increased metabolic flux to mitochondrial respiration and concomitantly inhibited entry into glycolysis and the PPP. Such metabolic changes induced by CD44 ablation resulted in marked depletion of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species in glycolytic cancer cells. Furthermore, CD44 ablation enhanced the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs in p53-deficient or hypoxic cancer cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that metabolic modulation by CD44 is a potential therapeutic target for glycolytic cancer cells that manifest drug resistance.
Utilization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid as the Sole Carbon and Nitrogen Source by Escherichia coli K-12 Mutants (1972)

Wild-type strains of Escherichia coli K-12 cannot grow in media with gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) as the sole source of carbon or nitrogen. Mutants were isolated which could utilize GABA as the sole source of nitrogen. These mutants were found to have six- to ninefold higher activities of gamma-aminobutyrate-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19) and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.16) than those of the wild-type parent strains. Secondary mutants derived from these GABA-nitrogen-utilizing strains were able to grow on GABA as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. They also grew faster on a variety of other carbon and nitrogen sources, and their growth was more strongly inhibited by different metabolic inhibitors than was that of the parent strains. The nature of the two mutations and the possible genes involved are discussed. A scheme of the pathway for GABA breakdown in E. coli K-12 is presented.
CANCER BIOLOGY: Drug-resistant breast cancer cells frequently retain expression of a functional wild-type p53 protein (1996)

Abnormalities in the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been shown to affect cellular processes related to cell cycle control and gene amplification. In this study we compare the status and function of wild-type p53 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells with sublines selected for resistance to chemotherapeutic agents having different mechanisms of action. Sublines that were resistant to melphalan, pyrazafurin, mitoxantrone, etoposide and PALA all retained expression of wild-type p53. Methotrexate-resistant MCF-7 cells were unusual heterozygotes that expressed a wild-type and dominant, in-frame p53 deletion mutant and the doxorubicin-resistant cells expressed only mutant p53. Analysis of the G1 checkpoint after treatment with ionizing radiation revealed that the pyrazafurin-, melphalan- and mitoxantrone-resistant cells arrested strongly in G1. The etoposide- and PALA-resistant cells had an intermediate G1 arrest phenotype and the methotrexate- and doxorubicin-resistant cells had a minimal G1 arrest phenotype. mRNA and protein analyses of downstream effector genes, including P21CIP1/Waf1, mdm2, Gadd 45 and the retinoblastoma protein, did not entirely differentiate sublines having a strong versus intermediate G1 arrest phenotype. Neither the p53 status nor the strength of the G1 arrest could be correlated with cell survival after ionizing radiation. When drug-sensitive MCF-7 cells were treated with the same chemotherapeutic agents, p53 and p21CIP1/Waf1 levels increased between 2- and 14-fold. Together these data suggest that other cellular factors likely play a role in overcoming the inhibitory effects of ionizing radiation on p53 in drug-resistant breast cancer cells.
Femtosecond concerted elimination of halogen molecules from halogenated alkanes (2000)

The concerted dynamics involved in the molecular detachment of halogenated alkanes, i.e., CX2YZ→CX2+YZ (where X=H, F or Cl and Y, Z=I, Br or Cl) have been studied by femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy. Particular emphasis has been placed on exploring the role of symmetry in the parent molecule. For experiments carried out on CH2ICl, product fluorescence was observed in two regions of the spectrum: at 430 nm, corresponding to the D′→A′ transition, and at 340 nm, attributed to the G→A transition. Differences in the dissociation time for the two pathways can be understood by considering the energy available for fragment recoil. The elimination process was found to be slower for methylene bromide than for methylene iodide, possibly because of the difference in the enthalpy of reaction. When three gem-dibromo compounds (Y, Z=Br, X=H, F or Cl) were compared, they were found to have significantly different dissociation times: 29.7 fs for the fluorinated species, 58.6 fs for the hydrogenated species, and 80.6 fs for the chlorinated species. The difference in the transition state lifetime between the hydrogenated and chlorinated species can be rationalized in terms of changes in the reduced mass, the thermodynamics of the reactions, and the energy partitioning. The fluorinated compound was found to dissociate much faster than predicted by thermodynamic and reduced mass arguments.
An upstream U-snRNA gene-like promoter is required for transcription of theArabidopsis thaliana7SL RNA gene (1995)

The genes transcribed by RNA polymerase (pol) III can be placed into four distinct groups based on the nature and position of their promoter elements. In the higher eukaryotes equivalent genes usually belong to the same sub-type of pol III promoters and there are few examples of genes which have changed promoter type during evolution. In this work we demonstrate that the promoter of the Arabidopsis thaliana 7SL RNA gene is located upstream of the coding region and is identical to the promoters of pol III-specific plant U-small nuclear RNA (U-snRNA) genes. Sequence analysis of two different 7SL genes from A. thaliana revealed that both genes contain two sequence elements in their 5' flanking regions identical in sequence and position to the highly conserved USE and TATA elements of the pol III-transcribed plant U-snRNA genes. Mutational analysis of these elements in the At7SL-2 gene indicates that the USE and TATA elements are both necessary and account for > or = 90% of the transcriptional activity of this gene in transfected plant protoplasts. Within the coding region of both genes there is a sequence element which is a 10/11 nt match to the consensus B-box element of tRNA genes, however, this element is not important for gene activity. These findings distinguish the plant genes from the human 7SL gene, which has both internal and upstream promoter elements and its upstream elements are different from those found in the human U-snRNA genes.
RTX Toxin Actin Cross-Linking Activity in Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio cholerae (2007)

Vibrio cholerae strains from diverse O-antigen groups were evaluated for RTX toxin actin cross-linking activity. This study demonstrates that the actin cross-linking domain sequence is present within rtxA in the majority of clinical and environmental isolates tested, and the RTX toxin produced by these strains catalyzes the covalent cross-linking of cellular actin.
Protective anti‐mycobacterial T cell responses through exquisite in vivo activation of vaccine‐targeted dendritic cells (2008)

Vaccine efficacy largely depends upon DC targeting and activation. The most potent TLR soluble ligands induce diffuse DC activation, which may be associated with marked pro-inflammatory responses and possibly adverse effects. This raises the concern that effective vaccine adjuvants may similarly rely on widespread DC activation. Using a promising candidate vaccine against tuberculosis (fusion protein of Ag85B and 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6)) formulated in the potent IC31 adjuvant, DC targeting and activation was studied in vivo, following the fate of antigen and adjuvant in the draining lymph nodes, to define the magnitude of DC targeting/activation required in vivo to induce protective vaccine responses. Unexpectedly, protective IFN-gamma-mediated Ag85B-ESAT-6/IC31 responses were associated to the activation of a minute population (less than 0.3%) of CD11c(+) lymph node DC, without detectable systemic pro-inflammatory responses. This activated peripheral tissue-derived DC population, characterized by enhanced CD80, CD86, CD40 and IL-12p40 expression, was only identified when focusing on adjuvant- or antigen-labeled CD11c(+) DC, which were found to support T cell proliferation. Immunization with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (Alum) resulted in a similar proportion of antigen-associated DC but without detectable enhancement of CD80, CD86, CD40 or IL-12p40 expression. Thus, potent protective IFN-gamma-producing responses may be elicited by the exquisite activation of a minute number of in vivo targeted DC.
Autonomous Demand Response for Primary Frequency Regulation (2012)

The research documented within this report examines the use of autonomous demand response to provide primary frequency response in an interconnected power grid. The work builds on previous studies in several key areas: it uses a large realistic model (i.e., the interconnection of the western United States and Canada); it establishes a set of metrics that can be used to assess the effectiveness of autonomous demand response; and it independently adjusts various parameters associated with using autonomous demand response to assess effectiveness and to examine possible threats or vulnerabilities associated with the technology.
Rous sarcoma virus genome is terminally redundant: the 5' sequence. (1977)

When Rous sarcoma virus RNA is transcribed into DNA by the reverse transcriptase, a tRNA primer is elongated into DNA. The primer is near the 5' end of the virus genome; the first major DNA made is a "run-off" product extending 101 bases from the primer to the 5' end of the template. We have studied this DNA molecule to determine the sequence of the first 101 bases at the 5' end of the Rous sarcoma virus genome (Prague strain, subgroup C). Twenty-one bases at the extreme 5' end are also at the 3' end of the virus genome (see D. E. Schwartz, P. C. Zamecnik, and H. L. Weith, this issue, pp. 994-998), and thus this virus is terminally redundant. The existence of this sequence repetition immediately suggests mechanisms by which the growing DNA copy can jump from the 5' end to a 3' end of the template and become circular. The sequence also displays a possible ribosome binding site and enough secondary structure to permit a possible 5'-5' linkage of viral RNA molecules.
Structural studies on the enzyme complex isopropylmalate isomerase (LeuCD) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2010)

The absence of the leucine biosynthesis pathway in humans makes the enzymes of this pathway in pathogenic bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis potential candidates for developing novel antibacterial drugs. One of these enzymes is isopropylmalate isomerase (IPMI). IPMI exists as a complex of two subunits: the large (LeuC) and the small (LeuD) subunit. The functional LeuCD complex catalyzes the stereospecific conversion reaction of α-isopropylmalate to β-isopropylmalate. Three C-terminally truncated variants of LeuD have been analyzed by X-ray crystallography to resolutions of 2.0 Å (LeuD_1-156), 1.2 Å (LeuD_1-168), and 2.5 Å (LeuD_1-186), respectively. The two most flexible parts of the structure are the regions of residues 30-37, the substrate discriminating loop, and of residues 70-74, the substrate binding loop. The three determined structures were also compared with the structures of other bacterial LeuDs. This comparison suggests the presence of two LeuD subfamilies. A model for the structure of the inactive enzyme complex has been obtained from solution X-ray scattering experiments. The crystal structure of LeuD was shown to be compatible with the solution X-ray scattering data from the small subunit. In contrast, the solution scattering results suggest that the large subunit LeuC and the LeuCD complex have overall shapes, which are radically different from the ones observed in the crystals of the functional homolog mitochondrial aconitase.
How Industry Is Approaching the Search for New Diagnostic Markers and Biomarkers (2004)

In the diagnostic and the pharmaceutical industry there is a constant need for new diagnostic markers and biomarkers with improved sensitivity and specificity. During the last 5 years, only a few novel diagnostic markers have been introduced into the market. Proteomics technologies are now offering unique chances to identify new candidate markers. Before a marker can be introduced into the market, three successive developmental phases have to be completed: the discovery phase, in which a variety of proteomics technologies are applied to identify marker candidates; the prototype developmental phase, in which immunological assays are established and validated in defined sample collectives; and finally the product development phase, with assay formats suitable for automated platforms. The hurdles that a potential candidate marker has to pass in each developmental phase before reaching the market are considerable. The costs are increasing from phase to phase, and in industry a number of questions concerning the medical need and the potential return on investment have to be answered before a proteomics discovery project is started. In this review, we will cover aspects of all three developmental phases including the repertoire of discovery tools for protein separation as well as giving an outline of modern principles of mass spectrometry for the identification of proteins.
Clinical outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery (2006)

With reliable objective evidence of the health benefits of endoscopic sinus surgery, patients should be considered for such surgery after failure of medical management. Further work is required to characterize outcomes for sub-populations, and to stage and select patients who will derive appropriate benefit from endoscopic sinus surgery.
Single-voltage-supply highly efficient E/D dual-gate pseudomorphic double-hetero HEMT's with platinum buried gates (1998)

Highly efficient enhance/depletion (E/D) dual-gate HEMT's for use in high-power linear amplifiers with a single biasing supply are demonstrated. These devices include platinum buried gates to realize a single biasing supply. A double-heterostructure and a GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs superlattice channel were adopted to obtain a good linearity and a large gain. An E/D dual-gate field effect transistors (FET) structure is also adopted to improve the gain and efficiency. High output power of 24 dBm, high power gain of 24 dB, and high power-added-efficiency of 46% for the gate width of 4-mm sample were obtained under conditions with a 1.5-GHz Japan Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) standard and with a +3.5 V single biasing supply.
Deep Coherent Ray Tracing (2007)

Tracing secondary rays, such as reflection, refraction and shadow rays, can often be the most costly step in a modern real-time ray tracer. In this paper, we examine this problem by using suitable ray coherence measures and present a thorough evaluation of different reordering heuristics for secondary rays. We also present a simple system design for more coherent scene traversal by caching secondary rays and using sorted packet-tracing. Although the results are only slightly incremental to current research, we believe this study is an interesting contribution for further research in the field.
The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician Rating (IDS-C) and Self-Report (IDS-SR), and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician Rating (QIDS-C) and Self-Report (QIDS-SR) in public sector patients with mood disorders: a psychometric evaluation (2004)

The QIDS-SR16 and QIDS-C16, as well as the longer 30-item versions, have highly acceptable psychometric properties and are treatment sensitive measures of symptom severity in depression.
Streaming RAID (1993)

The characteristics of digital video files and traffic differ substantially from those encountered with data applications: (i) video files are much larger than data files, and (ii) video traffic is continuous in nature while data traffic is bursty, with the data rate of a video stream much higher than the mean rate of a data traffic source. Accordingly, conventional file servers and associated storage systems are not well suited to support video services over local area networks; instead, new servers capable of handling the specific characteristics of video files and traffic are needed. In this paper, we describe a video applications server software called StarWorks , focusing primarily on its underlying storage management system. The latter manages an array of Winchester disks, and uses a disk access algorithm particularly suitable for video streaming, and is thus referred to as "Streaming RAID". We also characterize the performance of the system by determining the number of streams that can be supported for a given memory size and a given start-up latency requirement.
Technical Notes and Tips: Reducing Post-Thoracotomy Wound Pain by Limited Mobilisation of the Intercostal Muscle Neurovascular Bundle Prior to Wound Retraction (2008)

The mechanisms for post-thoracotomy wound pain relate to damage of intercostal nerve bundle through instrumentation, traction and compression. Mobilisation and creating a pedicle intercostal muscle flap for bronchial stump augmentation is well described and from that work there have been several studies noting a reduction of post-thoracotomy pain in such patients.1 Having performed a standard incision and breached the pleural cavity, a short segment of the intercostal muscle neurovascular bundle from the lower-border of rib above the intercostal space breached is dissected to the bone and mobilised downwards facilitated by placing upper blade of retractor to retract scapula (Fig. 1). The blades are then placed carefully avoiding crush injury to the nerve bundle. On closing the wound if paracostal sutures are used, sutures are placed between upper rib and intercostal muscle flap to prevent impingement of bundle. The technique requires limited mobilisation of the intercostal muscle and risk of injury to the neurovascular bundle is low.



Figure 1

Dissection and downward mobilisation of the neurovascular bundle of upper rib so avoiding crush injury when retracting ribs. Placing upper blade of retractor to retract scapula facilitates the dissection.