gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Group B Streptococcus vaccine development: present status and future considerations, with emphasis on perspectives for low and middle income countries (2016)

Globally, group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS) remains the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in young infants, with its greatest burden in the first 90 days of life. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) for women at risk of transmitting GBS to their newborns has been effective in reducing, but not eliminating, the young infant GBS disease burden in many high income countries. However, identification of women at risk and administration of IAP is very difficult in many low and middle income country (LMIC) settings, and is not possible for home deliveries. Immunization of pregnant women with a GBS vaccine represents an alternate pathway to protecting newborns from GBS disease, through the transplacental antibody transfer to the fetus in utero. This approach to prevent GBS disease in young infants is currently under development, and is approaching late stage clinical evaluation. This manuscript includes a review of the natural history of the disease, global disease burden estimates, diagnosis and existing control options in different settings, the biological rationale for a vaccine including previous supportive studies, analysis of current candidates in development, possible correlates of protection and current status of immunogenicity assays. Future potential vaccine development pathways to licensure and use in LMICs, trial design and implementation options are discussed, with the objective to provide a basis for reflection, rather than recommendations.
Toward Automated Nucleic Acid Enzyme Selection (2001)

Methods for automation of nucleic acid selections are being developed. The selection of aptamers has been successfully automated using a Biomek 2000 workstation. Several binding species with nanomolar affinities were isolated from diverse populations. Automation of a deoxyribozyme ligase selection is in progress. The process requires eleven times more robotic manipulations than an aptamer selection. The random sequence pool contained a 5' iodine residue and the ligation substrate contained a 3' phosphorothioate. Initially, a manual deoxyribozyme ligase selection was performed. Thirteen rounds of selection yielded ligators with a 400-fold increase in activity over the initial pool. Several difficulties were encountered during the automation of DNA catalyst selection, including effectively washing bead-bound DNA, pipetting 50% glycerol solutions, purifying single strand DNA, and monitoring the progress of the selection as it is performed. Nonetheless, automated selection experiments for deoxyribozyme ligases were carried out starting from either a naive pool or round eight of the manually selected pool. In both instances, the first round of selection revealed an increase in ligase activity. However, this activity was lost in subsequent rounds. A possible cause could be mispriming during the unmonitored PCR reactions. Potential solutions include pool redesign, fewer PCR cycles, and integration of a fluorescence microtiter plate reader to allow robotic 'observation' of the selections as they progress.
O1–06–01: Immunization with Aβ1–6 coupled to the virus–like particle Qβ (CAD106) efficiently removes β–amyloid without inducing Aβ–reactive T–cells (2006)

Immunization against Aβ has been shown to reduce amyloid accumulation and associated pathology in APP transgenic mouse models. Clinical trials with a vaccine comprising aggregated Aβ1–42 and the adjuvant QS21 were, however, stopped in phase 2 due to development of aseptic meningoencephalitis in 6% of the treated patients. Autopsy studies of two affected patients demonstrated a T–cell mediated autoimmune response presumably directed against Aβ. To avoid Aβ–specific T–cell responses we developed CAD106, an immunotherapeutic vaccine comprising the Aβ1–6 peptide covalently coupled to the Qβ virus–like particle (VLP). This N–terminal Aβ peptide is shorter than T–cell epitopes, is predicted not to induce T–cell responses and was shown to contain B– but not T–cell epitopes. T–cell help is provided by Qβ. The ordered and repetitive display of Aβ1–6 on the Qβ VLPs renders the peptide highly immunogenic, even in the absence of added adjuvant. CAD106 generated high Aβ antibody titers in mice, rabbits and monkeys. A 100% responder rate was observed in both young and old animals. CAD106–induced Aβ antibodies recognized the N–terminus of Aβ and selectively stained amyloid deposits in human and APP transgenic mouse brain sections. They also protected against toxicity of oligomeric or fibrillar Aβ in vitro. Immunization with CAD106 reproducibly prevented amyloid plaque accumulation in the brains of two different APP transgenic mouse models (APP24 and APP23) which develop mostly diffuse (Congo–Red negative) or mostly compact (Congo–Red positive) amyloid deposits, respectively. Furthermore, immunization of aged mice, showing advanced amyloid pathology already present in the brain, resulted in a reduction of further amyloid plaque accumulation. Neither adverse immune reactions nor increased incidence of microhemorrhages were observed in these studies. Importantly, immunization of different mouse strains with CAD106 did not induce Aβ–responsive T–cells even in the presence of additional adjuvant. The expected strong T–cell response to Qβ was however found. In contrast, Aβ1–42 immunization gave rise to Aβ–responsive T–cells. They could be re–stimulated in vitro with Aβ1–40/2 and Aβ6–20 but not with Aβ1–6, confirming the lack of a T–cell epitope on this peptide. CAD106 is currently being tested in a phase 1 study in humans.
Aspects of the Breeding Biology of the Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax Olivaceus at Golfo San Jorge, Argentina (2002)

We studied the breeding biology of Neotropic Cormorants Phalacrocorax olivaceus at Golfo San Jorge, Argentina, during 1999.A total of 104 nest platforms with signs of occupation was counted, at 66 (63.5%) of which eggs were laid.Nests were built on top of medium to large bushes located up to 50 m inland.Average height of nests was 0.530.13m.Nest platforms were built of sticks and twigs, and occasionally lined with grass, sea-weed, feathers, shells, and seabird bones or carcasses.First eggs were found on 15 November.Egg laying continued for more than six weeks until the last week of December.Median date of laying was 2 December.Clutch size varied from one to five eggs, with a mean clutch size of 3.510.69and modal clutch size of three eggs.Mean volume for all eggs was 35.93.2 cm 3 .Egg volume was similar within eggs of a clutch.The length of the incubation period was estimated at 26.62.2days.Of the 178 eggs laid, 54 (28.7%) were lost.Number of eggs hatched per nest averaged 2.61.2.Median hatching date of a-eggs was 20 December.Mean number of chicks alive per nests at 10 days of age was 2.11.1.
Thuricin 7: a novel bacteriocin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis BMG1.7, a new strain isolated from soil (2001)

The characteristics of thuricin 7 indicate that it is a new bacteriocin which may have interesting biotechnological applications due to its relatively large activity spectrum.
Trends in death associated with traumatic brain injury, 1979 through 1992. Success and failure. (1995)

These data highlight the success of efforts to prevent traumatic brain injury due to motor vehicles and failure to prevent such injuries due to firearms. The increasing importance of penetrating injury has important implications for research, treatment, and prevention of traumatic brain injury in the United States.
THE SYNTHESIS OF 5-NITRO-4-KETODIHYDROQUINAZOLINES FROM 6-NITRO-2-AMINOBENZOIC ACID, 6-NITRO-2-ACETYLAMINOBENZOIC ACID, AND FROM THE CORRESPONDING NITRO ACETYLANTHRANIL.1 (1905)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SYNTHESIS OF 5-NITRO-4-KETODIHYDROQUINAZOLINES FROM 6-NITRO-2-AMINOBENZOIC ACID, 6-NITRO-2-ACETYLAMINOBENZOIC ACID, AND FROM THE CORRESPONDING NITRO ACETYLANTHRANIL.1Marston Taylor Bogert and Victor John ChambersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1905, 27, 6, 649–658Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1905Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1905https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01984a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01984a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alternative pathways for processing exogenous and endogenous antigens that can generate peptides for MHC class I‐restricted presentation (1999)

The concept of distinct endogenous and exogenous pathways for generating peptides for MHC-I and MHC-II-restricted presentation to CD4+ or CD8+ T cells fits well with the bulk of experimental data. Nevertheless, evidence is emerging for alternative processing pathways that generate peptides for MHC-I-restricted presentation. Using a well characterized, particulate viral antigen of prominent medical importance (the hepatitis B surface antigen), we summarize our evidence that the efficient, endolysosomal processing of exogenous antigens can lead to peptide-loaded MHC-I molecules. In addition, we describe evidence for endolysosomal processing of mutant, stress protein-bound, endogenous antigens that liberate peptides binding to (and presented by) MHC-I molecules. The putative biological role of alternative processing of antigens generating cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-stimulating epitopes is discussed.
Mechanical Design of Robotic In Vivo Wheeled Mobility (2006)

A new approach to laparoscopic surgery involves placing a robot completely within the patient. These in vivo robots are then able to provide visual feedback and task assistance that would otherwise require additional incisions. Wheeled in vivo robots can provide a mobile platform for cameras, graspers, and other sensory devices that assist in laparoscopy. Development of wheeled in vivo mobile robots was achieved through a design process that included modeling, finite element analysis (FEA), bench top testing, and animal tests. Laboratory testing using a wheel test platform identified a helical wheel design as the best candidate. Finite element simulations were then used to better understand how changing the helical wheel geometric parameters affected drawbar force. Several prototype mobile robots were then developed based on these results. The drawbar forces of these robots were measured in the laboratory to confirm the FEA results. Finally, these robots were successfully tested during animal surgeries.
Optical Assay of Erythrocyte Function in Banked Blood (2014)

Stored red blood cells undergo numerous biochemical, structural, and functional changes, commonly referred to as storage lesion. How much these changes impede the ability of erythrocytes to perform their function and, as result, impact clinical outcomes in transfusion patients is unknown. In this study we investigate the effect of the storage on the erythrocyte membrane deformability and morphology. Using optical interferometry we imaged red blood cell (RBC) topography with nanometer sensitivity. Our time-lapse imaging quantifies membrane fluctuations at the nanometer scale, which in turn report on cell stiffness. This property directly impacts the cell's ability to transport oxygen in microvasculature. Interestingly, we found that cells which apparently maintain their normal shape (discocyte) throughout the storage period, stiffen progressively with storage time. By contrast, static parameters, such as mean cell hemoglobin content and morphology do not change during the same period. We propose that our method can be used as an effective assay for monitoring erythrocyte functionality during storage time.
A calmodulin‐stimulated Ca2+‐ATPase from plant vacuolar membranes with a putative regulatory domain at its N‐terminus1 (1997)

A cDNA, BCA1, encoding a calmodulin-stimulated Ca2+-ATPase in the vacuolar membrane of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) was isolated based on the sequence of tryptic peptides derived from the purified protein. The BCA1 cDNA shares sequence identity with animal plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPases and Arabidopsis thaliana ACA1, that encodes a putative Ca2+ pump in the chloroplast envelope. In contrast to the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPases of animal cells, which have a calmodulin-binding domain situated in the carboxy-terminal end of the molecule, the calmodulin-binding domain of BCA1 is situated at the amino terminus of the enzyme.
A fibre channel-based architecture for Internet multimedia server clusters (2002)

In this paper, we present a cluster architecture for Internet multimedia servers, which uses the Fibre Channel (FC) technology to overcome some of the shortcomings of existing architectures. We also explore the design issues of an FC-based multimedia server cluster. A significant advantage of the FC-based cluster is that it allows physical storage attachment to the interconnect. Because of this feature, FC-based clusters will change the fundamental data-sharing paradigm of existing clusters by eliminating remote data accesses in a cluster. Many aspects of this architecture are critical to real-time multimedia applications, such as audio and video services.
Soft-X-ray CCD imagers for AXAF (1997)

We describe the key features and performance data of a 1024/spl times/1026-pixel frame-transfer imager for use as a soft-X-ray detector on the NASA X-ray observatory Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF). The four-port device features a floating-diffusion output circuit with a responsivity of 20 /spl mu/V/e/sup -/ and noise of about 2 e/sup -/ at a 100-kHz data rate. Techniques for achieving the low sense-node capacitance of 5 fF are described. The CCD is fabricated on high-resistivity p-type silicon for deep depletion and includes narrow potential troughs for transfer inefficiencies of around 10/sup -7/. To achieve good sensitivity at energies below 1 keV, we have developed a back-illumination process that features low recombination losses at the back surface and has produced quantum efficiencies of about 0.7 at 277 eV (carbon K/spl alpha/).
Enhanced Dendritic Cell-Mediated Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses: IFN-Gamma Aids TLR Stimulation (2013)

Phenotypic maturation and T cell stimulation are two functional attributes of DCs critical for immune induction. The combination of antigens, including those from cancer, with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands induces far superior cellular immune responses compared to antigen alone. In this study, IFN-gamma treatment of bone marrow-derived DC, followed by incubation with the TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 agonists, enhanced DC activation compared to TLR ligation alone. Most notably, the upregulation of CD40 with LPS stimulation and CD86 with CpG stimulation was observed in in vitro cultures. Similarly, IFN-gamma coinjected with TLR ligands was able to promote DC activation in vivo, with DCs migrating from the site of immunization to the popliteal lymph nodes demonstrating increased expression of CD80 and CD86. The heightened DC activation translated to a drastic increase in T cell stimulatory capacity in both antigen independent and antigen dependent fashions. This is the first time that IFN-gamma has been shown to have a combined effect with TLR ligation to enhance DC activation and function. The results demonstrate the novel use of IFN-gamma together with TLR agonists to enhance antigen-specific T cell responses, for applications in the development of enhanced vaccines and drug targets against diseases including cancer.
Weight measurement using image-based pose analysis (2008)

Image-based gait analysis as a means of biometric identification has attracted much research attention. Most of the existing methods focus on human identification, posture analysis and movement tracking. There have been few investigations on measuring the carried load based on the carrier’s gait characteristics by automatic image processing. Nevertheless, this measurement is very useful in a number of applications, such as the study of the carried load on the postural development of children and adolescence. In this paper, we investigate how to automatically estimate the carried weight from a sequence of images. We present a method to extract human gait silhouette based on an observation that humans tend to minimize the energy during motion. We compute several angles of body leaning and determine the relationship of the carried weight, the leaning angles and the centroid location according to a human kinetic study. Our weight determination method has been verified successfully by experiments.
The incorporation of radioactive amino acids into proteins of the microsome fraction of guinea-pig liver at very short time intervals after administration (1961)

CORRIGENDABarbiturates and oxidative phosphorylation By W. N. ALDRIDGE and V
A sensitive enzymatic assay for dopamine- -hydroxylase. (1971)

A sensitive and convenient procedure for the determination of dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in homogenates of sympathetically innervated organs is described. The assay uses either phenylethylamine or tyramine as substrate and is based on the sequential conversion of the product of the DBH reaction to a radioactively labeled N-methyl derivative by reaction with partially purified bovine adrenal phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase in the presence of S-adenosyl-l-methionine methyl- 14 C. The N-methyl derivatives are separated by solvent extraction and their radioactivity is determined. The identity of the reaction products has been determined chromatographically, and the characteristics of the two enzymatic steps in the assay procedure are defined. Endogenous tissue inhibitors of DBH must be inactivated by cupric ions prior to determination of the enzyme activity. DBE activity in sympathetically innervated tissues of the rat has been measured.
Isolation and structure of novel defensive peptides from frog skin (1994)

In addition to the highly specific cell-mediated immune system, vertebrates possess an efficient host-defense mechanism against invading microorganisms which involves the synthesis of highly potent antimicrobial peptides with a large spectrum of activity. A 34-residue cationic and amphiphatic peptide, designated dermaseptin I, was recently isolated from the skin of the arboreal frog Phyllomedusa sauvagii and was shown to exhibit microbicidal activity against various pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, protozoa and filamentous fungi. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of four novel antimicrobial peptides from frog skin through the combined use of an anti-dermaseptin enzyme immunoassay and an antifungal bioassay. The 28-34-residue antimicrobial peptides are cationic, containing 3-5 lysine residues that punctuate an alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic sequence. Based on their primary structure, all four peptides can be fitted to a class L amphipathic alpha helix which places all lysine residues on the polar side of the helix. The four antimicrobial peptides have high sequence similarity with dermaseptin I (53-94% similarity) suggesting that their respective genes are all members of the same family. In addition, pairwise sequence alignment of dermaseptin I and adenoregulin, a 33-residue cationic peptide recently isolated from frog skin and shown to enhance the binding of agonists to the A1 adenosine receptor, reveals 62% similarity (39% amino acid positional identity). Both peptides share a similar but non-identical spectrum of antimicrobial activity, being active against bacteria, yeast and filamentous molds. However, no significant hemolytic activity was found for these peptides which suggests a selectivity for prokaryotic cells. These findings indicate that adenoregulin should be included in the dermaseptin family of peptides. In addition, tryptic digestion of purified pro-dermaseptin I liberated a 15-amino-acid peptide identified as the authentic C-terminus of dermaseptin I. These results are in accordance with the predicted sequences of pro-dermaseptins obtained through molecular cloning, in which the dermaseptin progenitor sequences are located at the extreme C-terminus of the precursors.
Light Enhanced Electron Transduction and Amplified Sensing at a Nanostructure Modified Semiconductor Interface (2013)

Abstract Visible and UV light are demonstrated to significantly enhance the sensing properties of an n‐type porous silicon (PS) extrinsic semiconductor interface to which TiO 2 and titanium oxynitride (TiO 2‐ x N x ) photocatalytic nanostructures are fractionally deposited. The acid/base chemistry of NH 3 , a moderately strong base, and NO 2 , a moderately strong acid, couples to the majority charge carriers of the doped semiconductor as the strong acid (TiO 2 ) enhances the extraction of electrons from NH 3 , and the more basic TiO 2‐ x N x decreases the efficiency of electron extraction relative to the untreated interface. In contrast, NO 2 and a TiO 2 or TiO 2‐ x N x nanostructure‐decorated PS interface compete for the available electrons leading to a distinct time dependent electron transduction dynamics as a function of TiO 2 and TiO 2‐ x N x concentration. Only small concentrations of TiO 2 and its oxynitride and no self‐assembly are required to enhance the response of the decorated interface. With light intensities of less than a few lumens/cm 2 ‐sterad‐nm, responses are enhanced by up to 150% through interaction with visible (and UV) radiation. These light intensities should be compared to the sun's radiation level, ≈500 lumens/cm 2 ‐sterad‐nm suggesting the possibility of solar pumped sensors. The observed behavior in these systems is largely explained by the recently developed Inverse Hard/Soft Acid/Base (IHSAB) concept.