gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circulating Tumor Cells Predict Survival Benefit from Treatment in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2008)

CTC are the most accurate and independent predictor of OS in CRPC. These data led to Food and Drug Administration clearance of this assay for the evaluation of CRPC.
The Chemokine Receptor CX3CR1 Mediates Homing of MHC class II-Positive Cells to the Normal Mouse Corneal Epithelium (2007)

This study has identified a role for CX(3)CR1 in the normal recruitment of MHC class II(+) putative DCs into the corneal epithelium and establishes a model for investigating monocyte-derived cells and fractalkine/CX(3)CR1 interactions during corneal disease.
Cloning and Developmental Expression of a Membrane-type Matrix Metalloproteinase from Chicken (1996)

We have cloned a novel matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) from cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts. The cDNA-derived protein sequence contains 608 amino acids including a C-terminal hydrophobic transmembrane domain of 24 amino acids and a cytoplasmic domain of 20 amino acids. This chicken MMP is 72% similar to a recently described membrane-type MMP (MT-MMP) from human placenta (Sato, H., Takino, T., Okada, Y., Cao, J., Shinagawa, A., Yamamoto, E., and Seiki, M. (1994) Nature 370, 61-65). Accordingly, we name this novel MMP chicken MT-MMP. As shown by Northern blotting, two MT-MMP mRNAs of 6 and 10 kilobases are constitutively expressed but only modestly regulated by growth factors and cytokines in cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts. Both mRNAs are abundant in the head and body of 8- and 9-day-old chicken embryos. As shown by in situ mRNA hybridization, MT-MMP is expressed in embryonic neural tube, spinal ganglia, and respiratory epithelium, as well as in developing cartilage and muscle. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we have found MT-MMP mRNA in 2-day-old chicken embryos and extraembryonic membranes. In addition, a strong correlation was observed between the mRNA expression of MT-MMP and 72-kDa type IV collagenase. Collectively, the early MT-MMP mRNA expression and its co-localization in several tissues with 72-kDa type IV collagenase mRNA suggest that the MT-MMP plays an important role in early development.
Extending The Take-Grant Protection System (1996)

. The Take-Grant Model is used to analyze systems in order to determine how information and access rights can be passed from one subject to another. However, the Take-Grant model does not contain enough power to discriminate between two different flows. We propose a method of extending Take-Grant to generate information and rights flows in order of costs. Our method involves finding the most permissive Take-Grant graph achievable from the initial graph, and adding the notion of cost to the application of the de jure and de facto rules. We also discuss the complexity of finding this most permissive graph or closure and the complexity of generating witnesses from the closure graph. We discuss the use of this extended model both for finding witnesses and for finding paths of information and rights flow. 2. Introduction. In 1976, Harrison, Ruzzo, and Ullman proved that the general question of security in an arbitrary system is undecidable [1]. To study under what conditions it was decid...
Fouling of microfiltration membranes by broth-free antifoam agents (1997)

The fouling tendencies of seven commercial antifoam agents used with microfiltration membranes were investigated in a stirred cell. Parameters such as viscosity, oil droplet size distribution, contact angle, work of adhesion (W(a)), membrane type, operating pressure, and feed concentration were examined. The results show that a silicone-based antifoam, G832, gave a significantly lower flux (<or=100 L h(-1) m(-2)) than the polypropylene glycol antifoam PPG2000 (1500-2500 L h(-1) m(-2)) over the concentrations from 0.5 to 4.0 mL L(-1) at 50 kPa, 700 rpm, and 25 degrees C. The significantly lower flux attained by the antifoam G832 was attributed to a number of factors, such as its greater viscosity (1.25 x 10(-3) kg m(-1) s(-1) compared with 1.05 x 10(-3) kg m(-1) s(-1) for PPG2000), a smaller average oil droplet size (0.28 vs. 0.65 microm) comparable to the membrane pore size distribution (0.26-0.62 microm), a higher contact angle (98 vs. 51 degrees ); and a significantly larger value of work of adhesion (26.0 vs. 0.81 mN m(-1)). The different magnitudes of membrane adsorption by these antifoam agents, as reflected by their values of work of adhesion, were also observed in the field emission scanning electronic microscopy photographs. In terms of membrane type, the inorganic Anopore alumina membrane was found to offer a higher PPG flux than the organic Millipore polyvinyl difluoride (PVDF) membranes (both hydrophilic and hydrophobic). Furthermore, the mixed-type antifoams (B5600, B426, and G832) were found to give an increased hydraulic resistance and fouling percentage with an increase in pressure or feed concentration. Conversely for PPG2000, a reduction of the hydraulic resistance and fouling percentage was observed with increases of these two parameters.
Basic Mechanisms of Augmentation of Antidepressant Effects with Thyroid Hormone (2006)

The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) has been used both to augment and accelerate the clinical effects of antidepressants, particularly the tricyclics. More recent work indicates that it may have similar actions with regard to the SSRIs. Two main mechanisms have been put forward to explain its antidepressant actions, (a) an action at the nuclear level involving stimulation of gene transcription, (b) an action at the cell membrane level involving potentiation of neurotransmission. In particular, there is considerable evidence for potentiation by T3 of the actions of the neurotransmitter 5-HT or serotonin. This evidence, which is mainly based on in vivo microdialysis studies, is reviewed, and evidence based on human and animal neuroendocrine studies considered. The effects of T3, alone and together with the SSRI fluoxetine, on mRNA levels for the 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B autoreceptors, which mediate serotonergic neurotransmission by feedback actions at the levels of cell firing(somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors) and neurotransmitter release (nerve terminal 5-HT1B autoreceptors) were also determined. Administration of a combination of fluoxetine and T3 induced reductions in the transcription of these autoreceptors, which may explain the clinical potentiating effects of this combination, and thus link the nuclear and neurotransmitter hypotheses of T3 action.
Can we vaccinate against Type 1 diabetes? (2012)

Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material to stimulate the immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a disease. As the most successful prophylactic in medical history, there is now an emerging interest as to whether vaccination can be applied in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. These are diseases of failed immune regulation; vaccination in this context aims to exploit the power of antigenic material to stimulate immune homeostasis in the form of active, adaptive, regulatory immune responses. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that could benefit from the therapeutic potential of vaccination. The major conditions necessary to make prophylaxis feasible are in place; the self antigens are known, the failure of existing immune regulation has been demonstrated, early studies of vaccine approaches have proved safe, and the preclinical prodrome of the disease can be easily detected by simple blood tests. Challenges for future implementation include finding the best mode of delivery and the best blend of adjunctive therapies that create the favorable conditions required for a vaccine to be effective.
Phase-Change-Driven Programmable Switch for Nonvolatile Logic Applications (2009)

A new device concept for a programmable switch employing a phase-change memory element was proposed, in which a unique four-terminal structure having two operating channels was so designed as to effectively separate two functions of programming and pass-gating. The proposed device was successfully fabricated, and its operational behaviors were demonstrated.
Valency of antibody binding to virions and its determination by surface plasmon resonance (2004)

All IgGs are homobivalent, but their ability to bind bivalently to the surface of a virus particle depends mainly on a favourable spacing of cognate epitopes and the angle that the FAb arm makes with the virus surface. If the angle of binding forces the second FAb arm to point into solution, monovalent binding is inevitable. This IgG will have the same affinity as its FAb, will be less stably bound than if it were bound bivalently, cannot cross-link epitopes on the surface of a virion, and cannot neutralise by cross-linking surface proteins. However, at moderate IgG concentrations, monovalently bound IgG can reduce infectivity by aggregating virions, a phenomenon that cannot occur with IgG bound bivalently. This review describes how surface plasmon resonance can be used to determine the valency of IgG binding to enveloped and non-enveloped virus particles, and discusses the implications of this new methodology.
Diagnosing clostridial enteric disease in poultry (2013)

The world's poultry industry has grown into a multibillion-dollar business, the success of which hinges on healthy intestinal tracts, which result in effective feed conversion. Enteric disease in poultry can have devastating economic effects on producers, due to high mortality rates and poor feed efficiency. Clostridia are considered to be among the most important agents of enteric disease in poultry. Diagnosis of enteric diseases produced by clostridia is usually challenging, mainly because many clostridial species can be normal inhabitants of the gut, making it difficult to determine their role in virulence. The most common clostridial enteric disease in poultry is necrotic enteritis, caused by Clostridium perfringens, which typically occurs in broiler chickens but has also been diagnosed in various avian species including turkeys, waterfowl, and ostriches. Diagnosis is based on clinical and pathological findings. Negative culture and toxin detection results may be used to rule out this disease, but isolation of C. perfringens and/or detection of its alpha toxin are of little value to confirm the disease because both are often found in the intestine of healthy birds. Ulcerative enteritis, caused by Clostridium colinum, is the other major clostridial enteric disease of poultry. Diagnosis of ulcerative enteritis is by documentation of typical pathological findings, coupled with isolation of C. colinum from the intestine of affected birds. Other clostridial enteric diseases include infections produced by Clostridium difficile, Clostridium fallax, and Clostridium baratii.
Energy Requirements of Parenterally Fed Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients (1985)

To determine the energy intake (kcal/kg/day) necessary to maintain zero nitrogen balance (assuming adequate protein intake) during the first 30 days after transplant, we studied 91 bone marrow transplant recipients. Serial nitrogen balance and concomitant energy and protein intakes were determined prospectively on each patient. Eight-four (92%) of the patients (ages 4-49 yr) had sufficient data for evaluation. For each patient, a simple linear model (nitrogen balance vs energy intake) was used to determine the patient's predicted individual energy requirement during the first 30 posttransplant days (EReq30). Weighted least squares multiple regression was used to determine the effect on EReq30 of such variables as age and sex. Energy requirements were significantly (p less than 0.001) greater for children, males, and patients with acute graft-vs-host disease, and when the percent of the total energy intake given by the intravenous route was high. An equation that incorporated these variables was developed to predict the energy requirements for bone marrow transplant recipients during their first 30 posttransplant days. Although individual energy requirements vary, this equation is a useful guide for initial energy prescriptions.
Breathable polyurethane membranes for textile and related industries (2007)

This Application article briefly reviews the science behind so-called “breathable” coatings and films, designed originally for foul-weather garments. These materials form continuous polymer layers over a textile substrate, which are impermeable to liquids such as rainfall and yet transmit water vapour emitted from the body. Some bear many similarities to dense membranes used for ultra-filtration and reverse osmosis. Hydrophilic polyurethanes containing poly(ethylene oxide), PEO-PUs, form a distinct class that straddle the ill-defined boundaries between conventional macromolecular chemistry, nanotechnology, biomimetics and smart materials. The unique properties and bio-compatibility of PEO provide further opportunities for these polymers in diverse areas such as packaging, medical devices, controlled-release systems, hydrogels, electronics, and biosensors.
Requirement of Interleukin 17 Receptor Signaling for Lung Cxc Chemokine and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Expression, Neutrophil Recruitment, and Host Defense (2001)

Bacterial pneumonia is an increasing complication of HIV infection and inversely correlates with the CD4(+) lymphocyte count. Interleukin (IL)-17 is a cytokine produced principally by CD4(+) T cells, which induces granulopoiesis via granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production and induces CXC chemokines. We hypothesized that IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) signaling is critical for G-CSF and CXC chemokine production and lung host defenses. To test this, we used a model of Klebsiella pneumoniae lung infection in mice genetically deficient in IL-17R or in mice overexpressing a soluble IL-17R. IL-17R-deficient mice were exquisitely sensitive to intranasal K. pneumoniae with 100% mortality after 48 h compared with only 40% mortality in controls. IL-17R knockout (KO) mice displayed a significant delay in neutrophil recruitment into the alveolar space, and had greater dissemination of K. pneumoniae compared with control mice. This defect was associated with a significant reduction in steady-state levels of G-CSF and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 mRNA and protein in the lung in response to the K. pneumoniae challenge in IL-17R KO mice. Thus, IL-17R signaling is critical for optimal production of G-CSF and MIP-2 and local control of pulmonary K. pneumoniae infection. These data support impaired IL-17R signaling as a potential mechanism by which deficiency of CD4 lymphocytes predisposes to bacterial pneumonia.
[Influenza and acute respiratory viral infections. A role of a polyclinic therapist in timely diagnosis and treatment]. (2010)

The paper emphasizes a role of a local therapist in the timely detection and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. It shows a certain difficulty in the differential diagnosis of acute respiratory disease and influenza. Attention is given on a need for a well-defined program to correct drug therapy, regimen, and diet at home. Indications for hospitalization are specified. Temporary disability periods are determined depending on the patient's general condition, age, and occupation. The significance of the currently available methods for nonspecific and specific prevention is shown.
OX40 Facilitates Control of a Persistent Virus Infection (2012)

During acute viral infections, clearance of the pathogen is followed by the contraction of the anti-viral T cell compartment. In contrast, T cell responses need to be maintained over a longer period of time during chronic viral infections in order to control viral replication and to avoid viral spreading. Much is known about inhibitory signals such as through PD-1 that limit T cell activity during chronic viral infection, but little is known about the stimulatory signals that allow maintenance of anti-viral T cells. Here, we show that the co-stimulatory molecule OX40 (CD134) is critically required in the context of persistent LCMV clone 13 infection. Anti-viral T cells express high levels of OX40 in the presence of their cognate antigen and T cells lacking the OX40 receptor fail to accumulate sufficiently. Moreover, the emergence of T cell dependent germinal center responses and LCMV-specific antibodies are severely impaired. Consequently, OX40-deficient mice fail to control LCMV clone 13 infection over time, highlighting the importance of this signaling pathway during persistent viral infection.
<title>100-million-voxel volumetric display</title> (2002)

A 360-degree-viewable volumetric 3-D display has been developed by Actuality Systems, Inc. It has a resolution of 768 x 768 x 198, has a 24 Hz refresh rate, contains an embedded graphics processing system, and uses dithering methods to create images of 3-bit to 21-bit color. The 3-D display system is a visualization platform, comprised of a combination of hardware and software designed for ease-of-integration into existing visualization systems. The system design is briefly recounted. Key enhancements are described, such as the development of a volumetric visualization software platform. Examples are given which guide the system engineer who needs to include a volumetric display into a visualization solution.
Use of altered peptide ligands to modulate immune responses as a possible immunotherapy for allergies (2000)

Allergies are dramatically increasing in prevalence, and the management of these diseases is a heavy burden on the health‐care systems of developed countries. In recent years, many efforts have been made to improve the therapy of allergies and to develop new approaches for immunotherapy. Here we briefly review the use of peptides to modulate T‐cell responses to allergens. We focus mainly on the possibility of using altered peptide ligands (APLs), i.e., peptides tailored on immunodominant T epitopes and bearing a single amino‐acid substitution, as a tool to modulate immune responses to allergens. These peptides may be recognized by the specific T cells triggered by the agonist peptides, but they are unable to elicit T‐cell responses; thus, they could be ideal candidates to modulate immune responses to allergens. The availability of these peptides could allow new approaches for immunotherapies.
Effect of the KCNQ potassium channel opener retigabine on single KCNQ2/3 channels expressed in CHO cells (2003)

KCNQ2/3 potassium channel subunits were co‐expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and currents through single channels recorded using cell‐attached patches. Channels had a similar slope conductance in the presence (8.04 ± 0.02 pS) and absence (7.6 ± 0.01 pS) of 10 μ m retigabine. The mean maximal open probability ( P o ) for single KCNQ2/3 channels was 0.13 ± 0.02, with a half‐maximal P o potential ( V o ) of −28.7 ± 1.4 mV for control recordings. Retigabine increased mean maximal P o to 0.38 ± 0.04 and produced a hyperpolarising shift of V o to −40.1 ± 3.4 mV. Single KCNQ2/3 channels have multiple voltage‐dependent kinetic components in their activity (C L ‐O S ‐C M ‐O L ‐C S ; C = closed, O = open, L = long, S = short, M = medium), giving short, medium and long closed times (τ CS , τ CM , τ CL ) and short and long open times (τ OS and τ OL ). In the presence of retigabine at 0 mV the combined duration and contributions of the longest closed time τ CL decreased tenfold, while the short and long open times increased fourfold and twofold, respectively. Thus, steady‐state kinetics were modified to favour the open channel configuration.
Prevention and therapy of mammary cancer by monoterpenes (1995)

Monoterpenes, found in a wide variety of plants, are a major component of plant essential oils. The unsubstituted monocyclic monoterpene limonene has been shown to prevent carcinogen-induced mammary cancer at both the initiation and the promotion/progression stages. This terpene also causes the complete regression of the majority of advanced rat mammary cancer when added to the diet. Modification of limonene by hydroxylation at various positions increases both its chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy. For example, the naturally occurring hydroxylated limonene analog perillyl alcohol is 5-10 times more potent than limonene and has a similar therapeutic index. Several cellular, metabolic and molecular activities are associated with terpene exposure. These include induction of phase I and II hepatic detoxification enzymes, selective inhibition of protein isoprenylation, inhibition of CoQ synthesis, and induction of the mannose 6-phosphate/IGFII receptor and TGF beta. Due to the therapeutic efficacy of monoterpenes in experimental model systems, clinical evaluation of this class of compounds has begun in advanced cancer patients. A Phase I trial of limonene is in progress in the UK. Efforts in the US will target perillyl alcohol for Phase I testing. Pre-IND toxicology is currently being completed. Phase I trails are anticipated to begin in the Spring of 1995. We feel that the results of these therapeutic trials, if positive, will facilitate the development of current terpenes and more potent analogs for future chemoprevention trials.
MOSAIC: a tile-based datapath layout generator (1992)

It is pointed out that MOSAIC achieves a routing technique based on bus patterns preplaced all over the leaf cell and joins these segments based on module schematic information. With this routing technique, a high layout density can be achieved. The layout density of the 120-MHz micro-processor datapath module was 10000-20000 transistors/mm/sup 2/ in 0.5- mu m three-metal BiCMOS technology. Leaf cells are not used only in one module design, but are reusable across multiple module designs. Only 100 kinds of leaf cells were needed for 300 module designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Effectiveness of Processed Grapefruit-Seed Extract as An Antibacterial Agent: I. An In Vitro Agar Assay (2002)

Our preliminary data thus suggest an antibacterial characteristic to GSE that is comparable to that of proven topical antibacterials. Although the GSE appeared to have a somewhat greater inhibitory effect on gram-positive organisms than on gram-negative organisms, its comparative effectiveness against a wide range of bacterial biotypes is significant.
Myoblasts transplanted into rat infarcted myocardium are functionally isolated from their host (2003)

Survival and differentiation of myogenic cells grafted into infarcted myocardium have raised the hope that cell transplantation becomes a new therapy for cardiovascular diseases. The approach was further supported by transplantation of skeletal myoblasts, which was shown to improve cardiac performance in several animal species. Despite the success of myoblast transplantation and its recent trial in human, the mechanism responsible for the functional improvement remains unclear. Here, we used intracellular recordings coupled to video and fluorescence microscopy to establish whether myoblasts, genetically labeled with enhanced GFP and transplanted into rat infarcted myocardium, retain excitable and contractile properties, and participate actively to cardiac function. Our results indicate that grafted myoblasts differentiate into peculiar hyperexcitable myotubes with a contractile activity fully independent of neighboring cardiomyocytes. We conclude that mechanisms other than electromechanical coupling between grafted and host cells are involved in the improvement of cardiac function.