gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using the electrocorticographic speech network to control a brain–computer interface in humans (2011)

Electrocorticography (ECoG) has emerged as a new signal platform for brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. Classically, the cortical physiology that has been commonly investigated and utilized for device control in humans has been brain signals from the sensorimotor cortex. Hence, it was unknown whether other neurophysiological substrates, such as the speech network, could be used to further improve on or complement existing motor-based control paradigms. We demonstrate here for the first time that ECoG signals associated with different overt and imagined phoneme articulation can enable invasively monitored human patients to control a one-dimensional computer cursor rapidly and accurately. This phonetic content was distinguishable within higher gamma frequency oscillations and enabled users to achieve final target accuracies between 68% and 91% within 15 min. Additionally, one of the patients achieved robust control using recordings from a microarray consisting of 1 mm spaced microwires. These findings suggest that the cortical network associated with speech could provide an additional cognitive and physiologic substrate for BCI operation and that these signals can be acquired from a cortical array that is small and minimally invasive.
Effect of glass transition on rates of nonenzymic browning in food systems (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of glass transition on rates of nonenzymic browning in food systemsRaivo. Karmas, M. Pilar Buera, and Marcus. KarelCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 5, 873–879Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00017a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00017a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views930Altmetric-Citations253LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Rapid Low-Cost Uncrossed Sheath Method for Clearing Thrombosed Hemodialysis Grafts (2001)

A Rapid Low-Cost Uncrossed Sheath Method for Clearing Thrombosed Hemodialysis GraftsEdward B. Strauss1, Bradley N. Delman2 and Avelino Maitem1Audio Available | Share
Versatile Strategy to Access Tricycles Related to Quassinoids and Triterpenes (2010)

The reactivity of two new bicyclic cyclohexenones (13 and 27) with several Nazarov reagents is presented. A flexible synthetic strategy is developed and provides access to highly substituted tricycles related to quassinoids and triterpenes.
Combining computational and experimental screening for rapid optimization of protein properties (2002)

We present a combined computational and experimental method for the rapid optimization of proteins. Using beta-lactamase as a test case, we redesigned the active site region using our Protein Design Automation technology as a computational screen to search the entire sequence space. By eliminating sequences incompatible with the protein fold, Protein Design Automation rapidly reduced the number of sequences to a size amenable to experimental screening, resulting in a library of approximately equal 200,000 mutants. These were then constructed and experimentally screened to select for variants with improved resistance to the antibiotic cefotaxime. In a single round, we obtained variants exhibiting a 1,280-fold increase in resistance. To our knowledge, all of the mutations were novel, i.e., they have not been identified as beneficial by random mutagenesis or DNA shuffling or seen in any of the naturally occurring TEM beta-lactamases, the most prevalent type of Gram-negative beta-lactamases. This combined approach allows for the rapid improvement of any property that can be screened experimentally and provides a powerful broadly applicable tool for protein engineering.
ROLE OF HEPATIC FATTY ACID:COENZYME A LIGASES IN THE METABOLISM OF XENOBIOTIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1998)

1. Formation of acyl-coenzymes (Co)A occurs as an obligatory step in the metabolism of a variety of endogenous substrates, including fatty acids. The reaction is catalysed by ATP-dependent acid:CoA ligases (EC 6.2.1.1-2.1.3; AMP forming), classified on the basis of their ability to conjugate saturated fatty acids of differing chain lengths, short (C2-C4), medium (C4-C12) and long (C10-C22). The enzymes are located in various cell compartments (cytosol, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and peroxisomes) and exhibit wide tissue distribution, with highest activity associated with liver and adipose tissue. 2. Formation of acyl-CoA is not unique to endogenous substrates, but also occurs as an obligatory step in the metabolism of some xenobiotic carboxylic acids. The mitochondrial medium-chain CoA ligase is principally associated with metabolism via amino acid conjugation and activates substrates such as benzoic and salicylic acids. Although amino acid conjugation was previously considered an a priori route of metabolism for xenobiotic-CoA, it is now recognized that these highly reactive and potentially toxic intermediates function as alternative substrates in pathways of intermediary metabolism, particularly those associated with lipid biosyntheses. 3. In addition to a role in fatty acid metabolism, the hepatic microsomal and peroxisomal long-chain-CoA-ligases have been implicated in the formation of the acyl-CoA thioesters of a variety of hypolipidaemic and peroxisome proliferating agents (e.g. clofibric acid) and of the R(-)-enantiomers of the commonly used 2-arylpropionic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. ibuprofen). In vitro kinetic studies using rat hepatic microsomes and peroxisomes have alluded to the possibility of xenobiotic-CoA ligase multiplicity. Although cDNA encoding a long-chain ligase have been isolated from rat and human liver, there is currently no molecular evidence of multiple isoforms. The gene has been localized to chromosome 4 and homology searches have revealed a significant similarity with enzymes of the luciferase family. 4. Increasing recognition that formation of a CoA conjugate increases chemical reactivity of xenobiotic carboxylic acids has led to an awareness that the relative activity, substrate specificity and intracellular location of the xenobiotic-CoA ligases may explain differences in toxicity. 5. Continued characterization of the human xenobiotic-CoA ligases in terms of substrate/inhibitor profiles and regulation, will allow a greater understanding of the role of these enzymes in the metabolism of carboxylic acids.
Effect of percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy on pulmonary venous flow in severe mitral stenosis. (1999)

In patients with severe mitral stenosis and sinus rythm, left atrial filling is biphasic with diastolic preponderance. Successful PBMV causes predominant increase in atrial systolic filling.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Mediates Cockroach Allergen-Induced Bronchial Hyperreactivity in Normal But Not CCR2−/− Mice: The Role of Mast Cells (1999)

Bronchial eosinophil and mononuclear cell infiltrates are a hallmark of the asthmatic lung and are associated with the induction of reversible airway hyperreactivity. In these studies, we have found that monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), a CC (beta) chemokine, mediates airway hyperreactivity in normal and allergic mice. Using a murine model of cockroach Ag-induced allergic airway inflammation, we have demonstrated that anti-MCP-1 Abs inhibit changes in airway resistance and attenuate histamine release into the bronchoalveolar lavage, suggesting a role for MCP-1 in mast cell degranulation. In normal mice, instillation of MCP-1 induced prolonged airway hyperreactivity and histamine release. In addition, MCP-1 directly induced pulmonary mast cell degranulation in vitro. These latter effects would appear to be selective because no changes were observed when macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha, eotaxin, or MCP-3 were instilled into the airways of normal mice or when mast cells were treated in vitro. Airway hyperreactivity was mediated by MCP-1 through CCR2 because allergen-induced as well as direct MCP-1 instilled-induced changes in airway hyperreactivity were significantly attenuated in CCR2 -/- mice. The neutralization of MCP-1 in allergic animals and instillation of MCP-1 in normal animals was related to leukotriene C4 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage and was directly induced in pulmonary mast cells by MCP-1. Thus, these data identify MCP-1 and CCR2 as potentially important therapeutic targets for the treatment of hyperreactive airway disease.
Probing the Probes: Fitness Factors For Small Molecule Tools (2010)

Chemical probes for interrogating biological processes are of considerable current interest. Cell permeable small molecule tools have a major role in facilitating the functional annotation of the human genome, understanding both physiological and pathological processes, and validating new molecular targets. To be valuable, chemical tools must satisfy necessary criteria and recent publications have suggested objective guidelines for what makes a useful chemical probe. Although recognizing that such guidelines may be valuable, we caution against overly restrictive rules that may stifle innovation in favor of a "fit-for-purpose" approach. Reviewing the literature and providing examples from the cancer field, we recommend a series of "fitness factors" to be considered when assessing chemical probes. We hope this will encourage innovative chemical biology research while minimizing the generation of poor quality and misleading biological data, thus increasing understanding of the particular biological area, to the benefit of basic research and drug discovery.
Supramolecular Polymers as Surface Coatings: Rapid Fabrication of Healable Superhydrophobic and Slippery Surfaces (2014)

Supramolecular polymerization for non-wetting surface coatings is described. The self-assembly of low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) with perfluorinated side chains can be utilized to rapidly construct superhydrophobic, as well as liquid-infused slippery surfaces within minutes. The lubricated slippery surface exhibits impressive repellency to biological li-quids, such as human serum and blood, and very fast self-healing.
Synthesis and properties of alternating poly(Lys‐Phe) and comparison with the random copolymer poly(Lys51, Phe49) (1974)

Abstract The alternating copolypeptide poly(Lys‐Phe) was obtained by synthesis and polymerization of the respective tetrapeptide. Conformation and conformational transitions in aqueous solutions and in water–organic solvent mixtures were determined and compared with those of the random copolymer poly(Lys 51 ,Phe 49 ) by circular dichroism measurements. The alternating copolymer reveals a very strong tendency to adopt the β structure, which is accomplished by raising the pH or by adding sodium perchlorate or methanol. Partial α‐helical conformation, however, is obtained in the presence of 10–20% of the strong helix‐forming solvent hexafluoroisopropanol. The random copolymer reveals a much weaker preference for the β structure. It assumes the α helix in mixtures of water with hexafluoroisopropanol and also in those with methanol. As was already reported by Peggion et al. and confirmed by the present work, the addition of sodium perchlorate also leads to the helix conformation [(1972) Biopolymers 11 , 633], whereas β structure is obtained by raising the pH [(1970) Macromolecules 3 , 194]. These studies reveal the significance of affinities determined by near neighbor interactions in polypeptides.
A Study on Factors Affecting the Degradation of Magnesium and a Magnesium-Yttrium Alloy for Biomedical Applications (2013)

Controlling degradation of magnesium or its alloys in physiological saline solutions is essential for their potential applications in clinically viable implants. Rapid degradation of magnesium-based materials reduces the mechanical properties of implants prematurely and severely increases alkalinity of the local environment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the effects of three interactive factors on magnesium degradation, specifically, the addition of yttrium to form a magnesium-yttrium alloy versus pure magnesium, the metallic versus oxide surfaces, and the presence versus absence of physiological salt ions in the immersion solution. In the immersion solution of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), the magnesium-yttrium alloy with metallic surface degraded the slowest, followed by pure magnesium with metallic or oxide surfaces, and the magnesium-yttrium alloy with oxide surface degraded the fastest. However, in deionized (DI) water, the degradation rate showed a different trend. Specifically, pure magnesium with metallic or oxide surfaces degraded the slowest, followed by the magnesium-yttrium alloy with oxide surface, and the magnesium-yttrium alloy with metallic surface degraded the fastest. Interestingly, only magnesium-yttrium alloy with metallic surface degraded slower in PBS than in DI water, while all the other samples degraded faster in PBS than in DI water. Clearly, the results showed that the alloy composition, presence or absence of surface oxide layer, and presence or absence of physiological salt ions in the immersion solution all influenced the degradation rate and mode. Moreover, these three factors showed statistically significant interactions. This study revealed the complex interrelationships among these factors and their respective contributions to degradation for the first time. The results of this study not only improved our understanding of magnesium degradation in physiological environment, but also presented the key factors to consider in order to satisfy the degradation requirements for next-generation biodegradable implants and devices.
Disulfiram Implantation: Placebo, Psychological Deterrent, and Pharmacological Deterrent Effects (1976)

In an effort to examine the placebo, psychological deterrent, and pharmacological deterrent effects associated with implanted disulfiram, subjects were given either disulfiram implants or sham operations. Ethanol challenges elicited no disulfiram-ethanol reactions (DERs), indicating that at the time of the challenge neither a pharmacological deterrent nor a placebo effect was operating. Of the patients who resumed drinking, only those with disulfiram implants experienced DERs. Sham operation subjects continued to drink after their first post-challenge drink; four of five disulfiram implant recidivists remained abstinent following their experience of a DER. It is concluded that the pharmacological deterrent effect of the disulfiram implant may have been underestimated in previous reports.
Fatal Inhalational Anthrax in a 94-Year-Old Connecticut Woman (2002)

We describe the 11th case of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax reported in the United States. The presenting clinical features of this 94-year-old woman were subtle and nondistinctive. The diagnosis was recognized because blood cultures were obtained prior to administration of antibiotics, emphasizing the importance of this diagnostic test in evaluating ill patients who have been exposed to Bacillus anthracis. The patient's clinical course was characterized by progression of respiratory insufficiency, pleural effusions and pulmonary edema, and, ultimately, death. Although her B anthracis bacteremia was rapidly sterilized after initiation of antibiotic therapy, viable B anthracis was present in postmortem mediastinal lymph node specimens. The source of exposure to B anthracis in this patient is not known. Exposure to mail that was cross-contaminated as it passed through postal facilities contaminated with B anthracis spores is one hypothesis under investigation.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA IN SOYBEAN ( GLYCINE SP.) (2004)

Plant-associated bacteria that live inside plant tissues without causing any harm to plants are defined as endophytic bacteria. The present investigation was carried out to analyse the phenotypic and genotypic diversity in the bacterial endophytes of two species of soybean viz. Glycine max and G. soja . A total of 65 bacterial endophytes were isolated from three tissues: stem, root and nodule. All the isolates were screened for Gram reaction, secretion of hydrolytic enzymes (pectinase and cellulase), fluorescent pigment production, and motility, resistance to streptomycin @ 100 )g/ml, capsule formation and IAA production. Genotypic variation was studied using PCR-based 16S rDNA-RFLP. Preliminary characterization of the 65 endophytes showed that approximately equal percentages of gram positive (49%) and gram negative (51%) bacteria were present. Approximately 80% were motile, 33% and 70% secreted pectinase and cellulase, respectively and 17% did not produce IAA in vitro . Phenotypically the 65 isolates were found to show less closeness among themselves for the characters studied. Molecular characterization of selected 35 endophytic bacteria was carried out by PCR amplification of 16S rDNA gene, and its restriction analysis using three tetra cutters, HaeIII , MboI and MspI . Two main clusters were observed at 48% and 43% similarity coefficients in which most of the endophytes belonged. Six of the total isolates (I-8, I-15, I-25, I68, I-121 and I-137) did not come into these clusters, showing their divergence from the rest. The genetic variation was more among endophytes isolated from G. max tissues than G. soja . Keyword: characterization, endophytic bacteria, phyllosphere, rhizosphere, soybean.
Mast Cells and Stress—A Psychoneuroimmunological Perspective (2002)

Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Address requests for reprints to: Theoharis C. Theoharides, PhD, MD, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Internal Medicine, Biochemistry, and Psychiatry Tufts University School of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Address e-mail to: [email protected]
A comprehensive analysis of hydrogen peroxide-induced gene expression in tobacco (2003)

Hydrogen peroxide plays a central role in launching the defense response during stress in plants. To establish a molecular profile provoked by a sustained increase in hydrogen peroxide levels, catalase-deficient tobacco plants (CAT1AS) were exposed to high light (HL) intensities over a detailed time course. The expression kinetics of >14000 genes were monitored by using transcript profiling technology based on cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism. Clustering and sequence analysis of 713 differentially expressed transcript fragments revealed a transcriptional response that mimicked that reported during both biotic and abiotic stresses, including the up-regulation of genes involved in the hypersensitive response, vesicular transport, posttranscriptional processes, biosynthesis of ethylene and jasmonic acid, proteolysis, mitochondrial metabolism, and cell death, and was accompanied by a very rapid up-regulation of several signal transduction components. Expression profiling corroborated by functional experiments showed that HL induced photoinhibition in CAT1AS plants and that a short-term HL exposure of CAT1AS plants triggered an increased tolerance against a subsequent severe oxidative stress.
Monoclonal Antibody Against Tissue Factor Shortens Tissue Plasminogen Activator Lysis Time and Prevents Reocclusion in a Rabbit Model of Carotid Artery Thrombosis (1996)

TF exposure and activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway play an important role in prolonging lysis time and mediating reocclusion after thrombolysis in this model. AP-1, a monoclonal antibody against TF, might be suitable as adjunctive therapy to TPA.
<title>Sunset: a hardware-oriented algorithm for lossless compression of gray-scale images</title> (1991)

Sunset is a lossless gray scale compression algorithm designed for a simple hardware implementation based on the prediction error context approach for predictive gray-scale compression. Sunset uses adaptive binary arithmetic coding with neighboring prediction error buckets as compact conditioning contexts for directly encoding the prediction error. A prototype card was built to send or receive either compressed or uncompressed images across the IBM PC/AT bus. A special interface was designed to load the memory buffer of a high resolution color display. The result is a component of a workstation prototype for radiologists and the physician who referred the patient. The Sunset approach handles gray scale images where the bits-per-pel precision is simply an input parameter to the algorithm; the compression algorithm itself is relatively insensitive to this parameter. For hardware simplicity, the error bucket (bin) identifier is determined by a leading-one detector (or priority encoder) circuit on the prediction error so the number of prediction error values per bucket is a power of two. The next less significant bits of the prediction error become the ''extra-bits'' which, when encoded, make the algorithm lossless. The number of extra-bits in a final (catch-all) bucket depends on the bits-per-pel parameter of the uncompressed image.
Dendron‐Based Micelles for Topical Delivery of Endoxifen: A Potential Chemo‐Preventive Medicine for Breast Cancer (2014)

Endoxifen (EDX) is an active metabolite of tamoxifen that has been proven effective in the prevention and treatment of estrogen‐positive breast cancer; however, oral administration of tamoxifen often causes severe side effects. Here, the topical delivery of EDX is explored using polymeric micelles to achieve localized drug delivery with potentially minimal side effects. EDX is encapsulated into dendron micelles (DM) with various surface groups (‐NH 2 , ‐COOH, or ‐Ac) and into cationic liposomes as a control. End‐group modification significantly affects the drug loading, where the DM‐COOH micelles allow the most efficient encapsulation. Furthermore, unlike the burst release from the liposomes, all DMs show sustained release of EDX over 6 days. Each formulation is evaluated for its potential to deliver EDX across the skin layers. DMs substantially enhance the permeation of EDX through both mouse (up to 20‐fold) and human (up to 4‐fold) skin samples relative to ethanol, a chemical penetration enhancer. Franz diffusion cell experiments reveal that DM‐COOH induces the highest flux of EDX among all groups. The enhanced drug loading, controlled release profiles, and enhanced skin permeation all demonstrate that DMs are a useful platform for the topical delivery of EDX, offering a potential alternative administration route for chemoprevention.