gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a Synthetic Nuclease:  DNA Hydrolysis by a Zinc-Binding Peptide Tethered to a Rhodium Intercalator (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDesign of a Synthetic Nuclease: DNA Hydrolysis by a Zinc-Binding Peptide Tethered to a Rhodium IntercalatorMarilena P. Fitzsimons and Jacqueline K. BartonView Author Information Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 14, 3379–3380Publication Date (Web):April 9, 1997Publication History Received30 September 1996Published online9 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9633981Copyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views854Altmetric-Citations130LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (102 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Crystal cleavage,Genetics,Peptides and proteins,Rhodium Get e-Alerts
CD22, a B cell-specific immunoglobulin superfamily member, is a sialic acid-binding lectin. (1993)

The B lymphocyte cell surface receptor CD22 is an adhesion molecule that can mediate binding to several leukocyte subsets. The first CD22 ligand to be identified was the receptor-linked phosphotyrosine phosphatase CD45, but several lines of evidence suggest that CD22 may interact with multiple counter receptors on adjacent lymphocytes. In the present work, we show that in addition to CD45, a soluble CD22-immunoglobulin fusion protein (CD22Rg) recognizes several other distinct lymphocyte sialoglycoproteins. CD22-mediated adhesion is dependent upon the presence of sialic acids on ligands. CD22Rg is observed to bind specifically to a 115-kDa sialoglycoprotein in COS cells transfected with an alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase cDNA, but not in COS cells transfected with unrelated cDNA clones, indicating that at least some CD22-mediated interactions require presentation of sialic acid in an alpha-2,6 linkage by CD22 ligands. In all cases, truncation of the side chain of sialic acids by mild periodate oxidation abolishes recognition by CD22Rg. Direct binding of CD22Rg to lymphoid cells also requires sialic acids and their side chains. Taken together, these observations indicate that CD22 is a sialic acid-binding lectin and may define a novel functional subset of immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecules.
Changes in Essential Oil Composition of Oregano (Origanum onites L.) due to Diurnal Variations at Different Development Stages (2009)

The composition of essential oil in plants was affected by genetical and environmental conditions, which is determined by growth region and harvesting time in terms of ontogenetical and diurnal variability. In the present study, aerial parts of Origanum onites were harvested at three different development stages (pre, full and post flowering) and six different times of the day (06:00, 10:00, 12:00, 16:00, 20:00 and 24:00 h). A total of twenty-six components were identified by GC-MS,The major component was carvacrol, followed by thymol, p-cymene and ?-terpinene. The content of carvacrol in the essential oil varied between 24.66 and 52.58% and the highest carvacrol content was obtained from 10:00 h at pre-flowering stages, thymol content changed between 2.80 and 23.77% and the highest thymol content was also obtained from 24:00 h at pre-flowering stages.
What energy functions can be minimized via graph cuts? (2004)

In the last few years, several new algorithms based on graph cuts have been developed to solve energy minimization problems in computer vision. Each of these techniques constructs a graph such that the minimum cut on the graph also minimizes the energy. Yet, because these graph constructions are complex and highly specific to a particular energy function, graph cuts have seen limited application to date. In this paper, we give a characterization of the energy functions that can be minimized by graph cuts. Our results are restricted to functions of binary variables. However, our work generalizes many previous constructions and is easily applicable to vision problems that involve large numbers of labels, such as stereo, motion, image restoration, and scene reconstruction. We give a precise characterization of what energy functions can be minimized using graph cuts, among the energy functions that can be written as a sum of terms containing three or fewer binary variables. We also provide a general-purpose construction to minimize such an energy function. Finally, we give a necessary condition for any energy function of binary variables to be minimized by graph cuts. Researchers who are considering the use of graph cuts to optimize a particular energy function can use our results to determine if this is possible and then follow our construction to create the appropriate graph. A software implementation is freely available.
Repetitive weekly cycles of interleukin 2: effect of outpatient treatment with a lower dose of interleukin 2 on non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted killer activity. (1989)

Fifteen patients with advanced malignancy who had failed conventional therapy were entered into a protocol consisting of 1 inpatient mo of repetitive weekly cycles of interleukin 2 (IL-2) at 3 x 10(6) units/m2/day by constant infusion for the first 4 days of each week. This was followed by IL-2 administered on an outpatient basis at the same schedule but at a dose of 1 x 10(6) units/m2/day for the next 1 to 6 mo. Nine patients had renal carcinoma, four had melanoma, and two had lymphoma. Thirteen patients completed the induction month, and ten patients completed greater than or equal to 1 mo of outpatient therapy. Only one patient had therapy discontinued because of toxicity due to IL-2. No major toxicities occurred during outpatient therapy. After 1 mo of IL-2 at 3 x 10(6) units/m2/day, profound changes similar to those previously documented were seen in peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) counts (4.7-fold increase), lymphokine-activated killer activity (16-fold increase), and the percentage of PBL with natural killer-associated markers including a 3.6-fold increase in the percentage of PBL expressing the Leu 19 (NKH-1) marker, a 3.7-fold increase in Leu 11 (FcIgGR), and a 3.0-fold increase in Leu 17 (OKT10). These indicators of IL-2 effect all remained elevated relative to the baseline at the end of 1 and 2 mo of outpatient therapy at the lower dose. However, lymphokine-activated killer activity and Leu 17 percentage were significantly reduced relative to the effect of the higher induction dose. PBL taken from patients while receiving maintenance therapy showed strong and rapid responses to IL-2 in vitro, confirming the in vivo effects of prolonged IL-2 treatment. Nevertheless, there were no complete or partial antitumor responses seen. This study demonstrates that an immunologically active dose of IL-2 can be given long term as outpatient therapy with tolerable toxicity and results in highly IL-2-responsive "primed" lymphokine-activated killer cells.
Application of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework and Evidence-based Practice in a Clinical Situation (2007)

Occupational Therapy has a unique focus on human functioning and views human function not merely as a physiological/ physically observable occurrence. It also acknowledges function as the resultant of interactions of several internal factors present within the person, and external factors such as the environment and socio-cultural constructs. In 2002, the American Occupational Therapy Association published a document called the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process. It detailed the profession's unique focus on human occupation as it relates to all activities of daily living and its core values, beliefs and processes to facilitate optimal human occupation. This article explores the applicability of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework and principles of evidence-based practice in a clinical scenario. Although, the article is based against the backdrop of the United States healthcare system (only as applied to insurance policies and payment for services), one may easily generalize the applicability of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework, and evidenced-based principles in their practice globally.
Skeleton-based 3D computer-aided detection of colonic polyps (2003)

In this paper, we propose a new computer aided detection (CAD) technique to utilize both global and local shape information of the colon wall for detection of colonic polyps. Firstly, the whole colon wall is extracted by our mixture-based image segmentation method. This method uses partial volume percentages to represent the distribution of different materials in each voxel, so it provides the most accurate information on the colon wall, especially the mucosa layer. Local geometrical measure of the colon mucosa layer is defined by the curvature and gradient information extracted from the segmented colon-wall mixture data. Global shape information is provided by applying an improved linear integral convolution operation to the mixture data. The CAD technique was tested on twenty patient datasets. The local geometrical measure extracted from the mixture segmentation represents more accurately the polyp variation than that extracted from conventional label classification, leading to improved detection. The added global shape information further improves the polyp detection.
Changes in Gut Microbiota Control Metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity and Diabetes in Mice (2008)

This new finding demonstrates that changes in gut microbiota controls metabolic endotoxemia, inflammation, and associated disorders by a mechanism that could increase intestinal permeability. It would thus be useful to develop strategies for changing gut microbiota to control, intestinal permeability, metabolic endotoxemia, and associated disorders.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies specific for myeloperoxidase cause glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in mice (2002)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCAs) are identified in the circulation of approximately 80% of patients with pauci-immune necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis and systemic small vessel vasculitis, such as microscopic polyangiitis and Wegener granulomatosis. The most common antigen target for ANCAs is myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is found in neutrophils and monocytes. We report definitive experimental animal evidence that ANCAs are pathogenic. MPO knockout (Mpo(-/-)) mice were immunized with mouse MPO. Splenocytes from these mice or from control mice were injected intravenously into recombinase-activating gene-2-deficient (Rag2(-/-)) mice, which lack functioning B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. All mice that received splenocytes developed mild to moderate glomerular immune deposits, but only mice that received 1 x 10(8) or 5 x 10(7) anti-MPO splenocytes developed severe necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, granulomatous inflammation, and systemic necrotizing vasculitis, including necrotizing arteritis and hemorrhagic pulmonary capillaritis. To test the pathogenic potential of antibodies alone, purified anti-MPO IgG or control IgG was injected intravenously into Rag2(-/-) mice and wild-type mice. Mice that received anti-MPO IgG but not mice that received control IgG developed focal necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis with a paucity of glomerular Ig deposition. Thus, anti-MPO IgG alone was able to cause pauci-immune glomerular necrosis and crescent formation in the absence of functional T or B lymphocytes in Rag2(-/-) mice and in the presence of an intact immune system in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. This animal model offers strong support for a direct pathogenic role for ANCA IgG in human glomerulonephritis and vasculitis.
Acute Effects of Intraveneous UD-CG 115 BS (Pimobendan) on the Cardiovascular System and Left Ventricular Pump Function (1989)

Acute hemodynamic effects of 5 and 10 mg i.v. UD-CG 115 BS (pimobendan) were studied by right and left heart catheterization in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (NYHA classes II and III; 5 mg = group I, n = 6; 10 mg = group II, n = 6). Effects on left ventricular function were evaluated by left ventricular angiograms and measurement of left ventricular dp/dtmax before and 2.5 h after administration of UD-CG 115 BS. Right atrial pressure (RAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCP), cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), and systemic blood pressure (BP) were assessed before and 2.5, 4, and 6 h after administration of UD-CG 115 BS. PCP was maximally reduced by 10 mg of UD-CG 115 BS from 18.3 +/- 6.2 to 6.2 +/- 3.4 mm Hg (p less than 0.005) and by 5 mg from 12.2 +/- 7.5 to 8.3 +/- 7.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). Maximum reduction of RAP was significant only in group II (p less than 0.05). CO increased in a similar way after both doses (group I: from 5.5 +/- 1.9 to 7.8 +/- 1.3 L/min, p less than 0.005; group II: from 5.0 +/- 1.3 to 7.5 +/- 1.8 L/min, p less than 0.05). Mean arterial blood pressure was slightly reduced only by 10 mg of UD-CG 115 BS. Heart rate rose from 84 +/- 11 to 100 +/- 14 beats/min in group I (p less than 0.05), whereas after 10 mg no change in heart rate was noted. Left ventricular end-diastolic (EDVI) and end-systolic volume (ESVI) indices were clearly reduced by both 5 and 10 mg of UD-CG 115 BS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
BRCA1 and BRCA2 and the genetics of breast and ovarian cancer (2001)

Germline mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose individuals to breast and ovarian cancers. Progress in determining the function of BRCA1 and BRCA2 suggests that they are involved in two fundamental cellular processes: DNA damage repair and transcriptional regulation. We evaluate current knowledge of BRCA1 and BRCA2 functions to explain why mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 lead specifically to breast and ovarian cancer. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes contain unusually high densities of repetitive elements. These features of the BRCAs genomic regions contribute to chromosomal instability of these genes. We propose that somatic alterations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 are common and driven by rearrangements between repetitive elements. Inherited and somatic mutations occur in BRCA1 and BRCA2; virtually all somatic mutations are the result of large genomic rearrangements. What are the consequences of such large somatic mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in women with or without inherited mutations? The breast and ovary are estrogen-responsive tissues. Beginning in puberty, the breast epithelium proliferates rapidly in response to fluctuating levels of estrogen. We present a genetic model outlining how BRCA-deficient cells may gain uncontrolled proliferation leading to tumor formation. Central to this model of BRCA-mediated tumorigenesis are estrogen-mediated proliferation of breast and ovarian epithelium and the distinctive genomic context of the BRCA genes.
Nanoporous black silicon photocathode for H2 production by photoelectrochemical water splitting (2011)

Nanostructured Si eliminates several critical problems with Si photocathodes and dramatically improves a photoelectrochemical (PEC) reaction important to water-splitting. Our nanostructured black Si photocathodes improve the H2 production by providing (1) near-ideal anti-reflection that enables the absorption of most incident light and its conversion to photogenerated electrons and (2) extremely high surface area in direct contact with water that reduces the overpotential needed for the PEC hydrogen half-reaction. Application of these advances would significantly improve the solar H2 conversion efficiency of an ideal tandem PEC system. Finally, the nanostructured Si surface facilitates bubble evolution and therefore reduces the need for surfactants in the electrolyte.
Clinical Experience of an Iontophoresis Based Glucose Measuring System (2007)

Currently finger pricking is the common method of blood glucose measurement in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, diabetes patients have proven to be reluctant to check their glucose profiles regularly because of the discomfort associated with this technique. Recently, a non-invasive and continuous Reverse Iontophoresis based Glucose Monitoring Device (RIGMD) was developed in Korea. The study was conducted during the period November 2003-January 2004 on 19 in-patients. Glucose measurements were performed using RIGMD between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Concurrent plasma glucose levels were checked hourly and subsequently compared with RIGMD data. The mean error of RIGMD measurements was -3.45 +/- 52.99 mg/dL with a mean absolute relative error of 20+/-15.16%. Measurements obtained by RIGMD were correlated with plasma glucose levels (correlation coefficient; 0.784 (p<0.05)) and this correlation was independent of time of data collection. However, after excluding confounding variables this correlation coefficient exhibited a tendency to increase. 98.9% of the results were clinically acceptable by Clarke error grid analysis. We concluded that RIGMD does not have the reliability and accuracy required to wholly replace conventional methods. However, further technical advancements that reduce its shortcomings would make this device useful for the management of diabetes.
PixelVault (2014)

Protecting the confidentiality of cryptographic keys in the event of partial or full system compromise is crucial for containing the impact of attacks. The Heartbleed vulnerability of April 2014, which allowed the remote leakage of secret keys from HTTPS web servers, is an indicative example. In this paper we present PixelVault, a system for keeping cryptographic keys and carrying out cryptographic operations exclusively on the GPU, which allows it to protect secret keys from leakage even in the event of full system compromise. This is possible by exposing secret keys only in GPU registers, keeping PixelVault's critical code in the GPU instruction cache, and preventing any access to both of them from the host. Due to the non-preemptive execution mode of the GPU, an adversary that has full control of the host cannot tamper with PixelVault's GPU code, but only terminate it, in which case all sensitive data is lost. We have implemented a PixelVault-enabled version of the OpenSSL library that allows the protection of existing applications with minimal modifications. Based on the results of our evaluation, PixelVault not only provides secure key storage using commodity hardware, but also significantly speeds up the processing throughput of cryptographic operations for server applications.
Immobilization of Reducing Sugars as Toxin Binding Agents (1997)

A simple and economical procedure for the attachment of reducing sugars to aminated solid supports has been developed. Reaction of the amino groups on the solid support with p-nitrophenyl chloroformate, followed by 1,6-hexanediamine, yields a chain-extended amine to which reducing sugars can be attached while remaining accessible to macromolecules. Immobilization of the reducing sugars involves a simple incubation followed by trapping of the resulting glycosylamine with acetic anhydride and recovery of the unreacted sugar by filtration. This technique was used to immobilize lactose and sialyllactose onto silylaminated Chromosorb P, producing solid supports that effectively neutralized the activity of cholera toxin from Vibrio cholerae and heat-labile enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The general applicability of such solid supports for toxin neutralization was further demonstrated by immobilization of the enzymatically synthesized alpha Gal(1-3) beta Gal(1-4)Glc trisaccharide, which produced a support that efficiently neutralized toxin A of Clostridium difficile. The results from this study suggest that these solid supports have the potential to serve as inexpensive therapeutics for bacterial toxin-mediated diarrheal diseases.
Induction and partial purification of bacteriophages from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough) and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 13541 (1991)

Bacteriophages were induced from cultures of Desulfovibrio vulgaris NCIMB 8303 and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 13541 by UV light. The optimum time of UV exposure was 1 min and the maximum yield of phage was obtained 9-10 h after UV treatment. The two phage preparations were compared by restriction enzyme analysis and Southern blot hybridization. The nucleic acid from both phages was cut by restriction endonucleases specific for double-stranded DNA. The phage DNAs from D. vulgaris and D. desulfuricans showed different restriction enzyme cleavage patterns. No homology was observed between a 25 kb probe from the D. vulgaris phage DNA and the phage DNA from D. desulfuricans. Protein profiles of the phages from both sources were also studied; the D. vulgaris phage contained two major bands corresponding to Mr values of 37 000 and 56 000 while the D. desulfuricans phage contained only one major band, of Mr 38 000.
Gene expression profiling: monitoring transcription and translation products using DNA microarrays and proteomics (2000)

Novel and powerful technologies such as DNA microarrays and proteomics have made possible the analysis of the expression levels of multiple genes simultaneously both in health and disease. In combination, these technologies promise to revolutionize biology, in particular in the area of molecular medicine as they are expected to reveal gene regulation events involved in disease progression as well as to pinpoint potential targets for drug discovery and diagnostics. Here, we review the current status of these technologies and highlight some studies in which they have been applied in concert to the analysis of biopsy specimens.
Experimental Investigation of a Helicopter Circulation-Controlled Tail Boom (2001)

Results of an experimental investigation to characterize the performance of a model helicopter circulation-controlled tail boom in the wake of a hovering rotor are presented. The tail boom had a circular cross section, two slots, and a removable flap. A method for predicting the torque of a tail boom using results obtained in a wind tunnel is presented. The effects of slot width, slot length, boom pressure, rotor thrust, and distance between the rotor and tail boom on the torque were determined. Results are compared with those predicted using two-dimensional data obtained in a wind tunnel. It is shown that the torque acting on a tail boom in hover is characterized, as is a circulation-controlled cylinder in a wind tunnel, by three flow phenomena that may be combined to describe the torque.