gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo metabolism of all-trans- and 13-cis-retinoic acid in hamsters. Identification of 13-cis-4-oxoretinoic acid. (1980)

Administration of either all-trans-[3H]- or 13-cis-[3H]retinoic acid to hamsters fed a normal diet results in the formation of a number of polar metabolites. At least one of these metabolites has been shown to be common to both isomers of retinoic acid and can be generated in a hamster liver 10,000 X g supernatant system using 13-cis-retinoic acid as substrate. It has been identified as 13-cis-4-oxoretinoic acid by mass spectral, ultraviolet absorption, and proton NMR characteristics, as well as by its co-migration with synthetic 13-cis-4-oxoretinoic acid in two different high pressure liquid chromatographic systems. In addition, its metabolic precursor, 13-cis-4-hydroxyretinoic acid, has been tentatively identified. These compounds are believed to be early metabolites in the elimination pathway of retinoic acid from the body.
Cowhage-Induced Itch as an Experimental Model for Pruritus. A Comparative Study with Histamine-Induced Itch (2011)

Cowhage induced a more intense itch sensation compared to histamine. Cowhage was the dominant factor in itch perception when both pathways were stimulated in the same time. Cowhage-induced itch is a suitable model for the study of itch in AD and other chronic pruritic diseases, and it can serve as a new model for testing antipruritic drugs in humans.
Responsiveness of health status instruments to changes in articular status and perceived health in patients with psoriatic arthritis. (1998)

The SF-36 proved equally or more responsive to short term changes in perceived health and inflammatory disease activity; however, none of the instruments showed responsiveness to disease progression.
Functional importance of different patterns of correlation between adjacent cassette exons in human and mouse (2008)

We performed a large-scale analysis of interactions between adjacent cassette exons. Compared with weakly-correlated pairs, the strongly-correlated pairs, including both the positively and negatively correlated ones, show more evidence that they are under delicate splicing control and tend to be functionally important. Additionally, the positively-correlated pairs bear strong resemblance to constitutive exons, which suggests that they may evolve from ancient constitutive exons, while negatively and weakly correlated pairs are more likely to contain newly emerging exons.
Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptides are Expressed in Salivary Glands and Saliva (2002)

The expression of antimicrobial peptides at epithelial surfaces such as skin, lung, and intestine is thought to provide protection against infection. Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides are essential for the protection of skin against invasive bacterial infection. To determine if cathelicidins are also present in the oral cavity, we examined the expression of both mRNA and protein in mice and human saliva. The murine cathelicidin (CRAMP) was detected in the adult by reverse-transcription/polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR), and in embryonic, newborn, and adult tissues by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. CRAMP mRNA and protein were localized to the salivary glands, specifically in acinar cells of the submandibular gland and palatine minor glands, as well as in lingual epithelium and palatal mucosa. In man, the human cathelicidin LL-37 was detected in human saliva by Western blotting. These results indicate that cathelicidins are present in the salivary system, in some oral epithelia, and in saliva, contributing to broad-spectrum defense of the oral cavity.
Transcription Factor Interactions: Selectors of Positive or Negative Regulation from a Single DNA Element (1990)

The mechanism by which a single factor evokes opposite regulatory effects from a specific DNA sequence is not well understood. In this study, a 25-base pair element that resides upstream of the mouse proliferin gene was examined; it conferred on linked promoters either positive or negative glucocorticoid regulation, depending upon physiological context. This sequence, denoted a "composite" glucocorticoid response element (GRE), was bound selectively in vitro both by the glucocorticoid receptor and by c-Jun and c-Fos, components of the phorbol ester-activated AP-1 transcription factor. Indeed, c-Jun and c-Fos served as selectors of hormone responsiveness: the composite GRE was inactive in the absence of c-Jun, whereas it conferred a positive glucocorticoid effect in the presence of c-Jun, and a negative glucocorticoid effect in the presence of c-Jun and relatively high levels of c-Fos. The receptor also interacted selectively with c-Jun in vitro. A general model for composite GRE action is proposed that invokes both DNA binding and protein-protein interactions by receptor and nonreceptor factors.
Solution structure of oligonucleotides covalently linked to a psoralen derivative (1995)

Psoralen (pso) was attached via its C-5 position to the 5'-phosphate group of an oligodeoxynucleotide d(TAAGCCG) by a hexamethylene linker (m6). Complex formation between pso-m6-d(TAAGCCG) and the complementary strands d(CGGCTTA)[7-7mer] or d(CGGCTTAT)[7-8mer] was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance in aqueous solution. Structural informations derived from DQF-COSY and NOESY maps, revealed that the mini double helix adopts a B-form conformation and that the deoxyriboses preferentially adopt a C2'-endo conformation. The nOe connectivities observed between the protons of the bases or the sugars in each duplex, and the protons of the psoralen and the hexamethylene chain, led us to propose a model involving an equilibrium between two conformations due to different locations of the psoralen. Upon UV-irradiation, the psoralen moiety cross-linked the two DNA strands at the level of 5'TpA3' sequences. NMR studies of the single major photo-cross-linked duplex pso-m6-d(TAAGCCG) and d(CGGCTTA) were performed. The stereochemistry of the diadduct is indeed cis-syn at both cyclobutane rings. In addition, the effects of this diadduct on the helical structure are analyzed in detail.
Higher-dose Anakinra Is Effective in a Case of Medically Refractory Macrophage Activation Syndrome (2013)

To the Editor: An 11-year-old girl was diagnosed with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) after presenting with prolonged fever, lymphadenopathy, arthritis, classic sJIA rash, and hyperferritinemia. Complicating macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) was diagnosed, noting hemophagocytosis on bone marrow biopsy for further evaluation of mental status changes. Despite high-dose glucocorticoids and cyclosporine, she remained febrile until the addition of daily subcutaneous interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist anakinra (100 mg). She later developed a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus abscess, and anakinra was withheld. After several days of intravenous antibiotics, she was discharged while taking oral antibiotics, prednisone, and cyclosporine. After anakinra had been withheld for 14 days, she was rehospitalized, this time for a flare of her sJIA, with fever, hypotension, and doubling of her ferritin level (9000 ng/ml). Daily anakinra was resumed, and she received solumedrol pulse therapy and intravenous cyclosporine for persistent fever and hyperferritinemia (peaking at 100,000 ng/ml). She was eventually discharged while taking cyclosporine, prednisone, and anakinra. She remained clinically quiescent for several weeks without fever and her serum ferritin decreased (300 ng/ml). However, because she developed significant medication toxicity (weight gain, hypertension, hirsuitism, and paresthesias), her corticosteroid dose was tapered. She was soon readmitted with anorexia, malaise, and fever. Her medications on admission included … Address correspondence to Dr. R.Q. Cron, Children’s Hospital of Alabama, 1600 7th Avenue South, CPP 210, Birmingham, AL 35233-1711, USA. E-mail: rcron{at}peds.uab.edu
Life-Long Correction of Hyperbilirubinemia with a Neonatal Liver-Specific AAV-Mediated Gene Transfer in a Lethal Mouse Model of Crigler–Najjar Syndrome (2014)

Null mutations in the UGT1A1 gene result in Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I (CNSI), characterized by severe hyperbilirubinemia and constant risk of developing neurological damage. Phototherapy treatment lowers plasma bilirubin levels, but its efficacy is limited and liver transplantation is required. To find alternative therapies, we applied AAV liver-specific gene therapy to a lethal mouse model of CNSI. We demonstrated that a single neonatal hUGT1A1 gene transfer was successful and the therapeutic effect lasted up to 17 months postinjection. The therapeutic effect was mediated by the presence of transcriptionally active double-stranded episomes. We also compared the efficacy of two different gene therapy approaches: liver versus skeletal muscle transgene expression. We observed that 5-8% of normal liver expression and activity levels were sufficient to significantly reduce bilirubin levels and maintain lifelong low plasma bilirubin concentration (3.1±1.5 mg/dl). In contrast, skeletal muscle was not able to efficiently lower bilirubin (6.4±2.0 mg/dl), despite 20-30% of hUgt1a1 expression levels, compared with normal liver. We propose that this remarkable difference in gene therapy efficacy could be related to the absence of the Mrp2 and Mrp3 transporters of conjugated bilirubin in muscle. Taken together, our data support the concept that liver is the best organ for efficient and long-term CNSI gene therapy, and suggest that the use of extra-hepatic tissues should be coupled to the presence of bilirubin transporters.
Augmentation of Immune Checkpoint Cancer Immunotherapy with IL18 (2016)

The results demonstrated that IL18 enhanced therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint blockade against peritoneal dissemination of carcinoma or tail vein injection metastasis of melanoma through accumulation of pre-mNK cells, memory-type CD8(+) T cells, and suppression of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells. A combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with IL18 may give a suggestion to the development of next-generation cancer immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2969-80. ©2016 AACR.
Benchmark of Annual Energy Production for Different Wind Farm Topologies (2005)

Wind power generation has become an established alternative power source. Especially large wind farms in remote or offshore locations are emerging strongly. Their grid connection demands new transmission solutions as distances increase. A newly proposed voltage source converter (VSC) based HVDC transmission system looks promising compared to conventional AC and DC transmission systems. This paper presents a benchmark of the estimated annual energy production (AEP) of a 200 MW wind farm depending on the transmission distance and the average wind speed. The proposed system is compared to two state-of-the-art wind farm topologies: Variable-speed wind turbines with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) and either AC or DC transmission systems. The benchmark comprises detailed drive-train, converter, transformer, distribution and transmission loss models. The total system losses as well as the loss distribution between the different components as a function of the transmission distance and the average wind speed allows important conclusions for future wind farm projects
Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways (2014)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the innate immune system by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes. TLRs signal through the recruitment of specific adaptor molecules, leading to activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and IRFs, which dictate the outcome of innate immune responses. During the past decade, the precise mechanisms underlying TLR signaling have been clarified by various approaches involving genetic, biochemical, structural, cell biological, and bioinformatics studies. TLR signaling appears to be divergent and to play important roles in many aspects of the innate immune responses to given pathogens. In this review, we describe recent progress in our understanding of TLR signaling regulation and its contributions to host defense.
Stabilization of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Carboxylic Acids on Native Oxides of Metals (1997)

Alkanoic acids adsorb weakly to the native oxide surface of aluminum. Treating the oxide surface first with an alkoxide of zirconium provides for strong subsequent adsorption of the alkanoic acid. The formation of an interfacial zirconium carboxylate gives rise to this strong adhesion. A combination of quartz crystal microbalance and ultrahigh-vacuum IR spectroscopic techniques were used to establish the stoichiometry and structural features of the interfacial zirconium carboxylate film.
Parametric optimization of multichanneled heat sinks for VLSI chip cooling (2001)

This paper presents an optimization study of multichannel heat sinks for electronic devices. Specifically, we present a method of determining optimum values of the channel diameter, flow rate and number of channels for minimum pumping power or minimum pressure drop. Optimized parameters are expressed in dimensionless form. The calculated results for both laminar and turbulent regimes present several important relationships among the parameters. A criterion for choice of the flow regime to be used is presented. For a current electronic cooling requirement, the optimized diameter of a channel lies in the micro-scale range when water is used as working fluid. Several advantages of an optimized heat sink and its' feasibility toward actual cooling problems are discussed.
p75 neurotrophin receptor is required for constitutive and NGF‐induced survival signalling in PC12 cells and rat hippocampal neurones (2002)

We have previously shown that nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB increased neuronal expression of Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein. In the present study we determined the role of the p75 neurotrophin receptor in constitutive and NGF-induced survival signalling. Treatment of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells with a blocking anti-rat p75 antibody or inhibition of p75 expression by antisense oligonucleotides reduced constitutive and NGF-induced bcl-xL expression. Treatment with the blocking anti-p75 antibody also inhibited NGF-induced activation of the survival kinase Akt. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3 kinase) activity or overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of Akt kinase inhibited NGF-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Activation of Akt kinase by NGF was also observed in PC12nnr5 cells and cultured rat hippocampal neurones which both lack significant TrkA expression. Treatment of hippocampal neurones with the blocking anti-p75 antibody inhibited constitutive and NGF-induced Bcl-xL expression, activation of Akt, and blocked the protective effect of NGF against excitotoxic and apoptotic injury. Our data suggest that the p75 neurotrophin receptor mediates constitutive and NGF-induced survival signalling in PC12 cells and hippocampal neurones, and that these effects are mediated via the PI3-kinase pathway.
Solution Structure of the Chitin-binding Domain of Bacillus circulans WL-12 Chitinase A1 (2000)

The three-dimensional structure of the chitin-binding domain (ChBD) of chitinase A1 (ChiA1) from a Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus circulans WL-12, was determined by means of multidimensional heteronuclear NMR methods. ChiA1 is a glycosidase that hydrolyzes chitin and is composed of an N-terminal catalytic domain, two fibronectin type III-like domains, and C-terminal ChBD(ChiA1) (45 residues, Ala(655)-Gln(699)), which binds specifically to insoluble chitin. ChBD(ChiA1) has a compact and globular structure with the topology of a twisted beta-sandwich. This domain contains two antiparallel beta-sheets, one composed of three strands and the other of two strands. The core region formed by the hydrophobic and aromatic residues makes the overall structure rigid and compact. The overall topology of ChBD(ChiA1) is similar to that of the cellulose-binding domain (CBD) of Erwinia chrysanthemi endoglucanase Z (CBD(EGZ)). However, ChBD(ChiA1) lacks the three aromatic residues aligned linearly and exposed to the solvent, which probably interact with cellulose in CBDs. Therefore, the binding mechanism of a group of ChBDs including ChBD(ChiA1) may be different from that proposed for CBDs.
Progressive Muscular Dystrophy in α-Sarcoglycan–deficient Mice (1998)

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D (LGMD 2D) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the alpha-sarcoglycan gene. To determine how alpha-sarcoglycan deficiency leads to muscle fiber degeneration, we generated and analyzed alpha-sarcoglycan- deficient mice. Sgca-null mice developed progressive muscular dystrophy and, in contrast to other animal models for muscular dystrophy, showed ongoing muscle necrosis with age, a hallmark of the human disease. Sgca-null mice also revealed loss of sarcolemmal integrity, elevated serum levels of muscle enzymes, increased muscle masses, and changes in the generation of absolute force. Molecular analysis of Sgca-null mice demonstrated that the absence of alpha-sarcoglycan resulted in the complete loss of the sarcoglycan complex, sarcospan, and a disruption of alpha-dystroglycan association with membranes. In contrast, no change in the expression of epsilon-sarcoglycan (alpha-sarcoglycan homologue) was observed. Recombinant alpha-sarcoglycan adenovirus injection into Sgca-deficient muscles restored the sarcoglycan complex and sarcospan to the membrane. We propose that the sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex is requisite for stable association of alpha-dystroglycan with the sarcolemma. The Sgca-deficient mice will be a valuable model for elucidating the pathogenesis of sarcoglycan deficient limb-girdle muscular dystrophies and for the development of therapeutic strategies for this disease.
Control of off-state current in scaled PD/SOI CMOS digital circuits (2002)

A recent study of the scalability of partially depleted (PD) SOI CMOS technology (Chau et al. IEEE IEDM Tech. Dig., p. 591, Dec. 1997) led to the conclusion that it was no better than bulk-Si CMOS for sub-0.25 /spl mu/m digital applications, irrespective of its inherent advantages, because of the higher threshold voltage (V/sub T/) needed to limit the off-state current (I/sub off/) of the nMOSFET, which tends to be high because of the drain (V/sub DS/)-induced floating-body (FB) effect (i.e. the kink effect) in addition to the barrier lowering (DIBL). In this paper, we give a physically insightful analysis of the FB effect on I/sub off/ based on the scaled PD/SOI CMOS technology described by Chau et al. which contradicts the negative assessment of the scalability of SOI digital ICs. Device and circuit simulations of operation at high chip temperatures (55-85/spl deg/C) that are typical for high-performance circuits show that the FB effect can be naturally ameliorated, and that previously proven techniques for controlling FB effects are also effective in limiting I/sub off/. Furthermore, we show that the temperature coefficient of the body-source voltage (V/sub BS/) is strongly dependent on the recombination current (I/sub R/) of the junctions, and the impact on circuit performance of an increased I/sub R/ is shown to be negligible.
Infection of Syrian hamsters with Lyme disease spirochetes (1984)

Syrian hamsters were shown to be susceptible to infection by the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Although these spirochetes did not cause any outward signs of illness in these animals, they did cause a generalized infection. Spirochetemia was present during the first 6 days of infection. At 14 days postinfection, spirochetes could be isolated from one or more of the following organs: spleen, eyes, kidneys, liver, testes, and brain. Spirochetes were isolated from the eyes and kidneys of one animal 52 days postinfection, suggesting that these organisms may cause a persistent infection. Virulence of B. burgdorferi is maintained by animal passage but is lost upon prolonged in vitro cultivation.
Specific absorption with monoclonal antibodies to muramyl dipeptide of the pyrogenic and somnogenic activities of rabbit monokine. (1984)

It is well established that muramyl dipeptide (MDP) can induce fever and enhance slow-wave sleep. Recently, crude or purified supernatants of activated macrophages containing endogenous pyrogen (EP) were also shown to enhance slow-wave sleep. These similarities and the recent finding that a mammalian factor that enhances slow-wave sleep is a muramyl peptide triggered us to study the possibility of the presence of this bacterial structure in the EP molecule. In the present study, EP was produced by stimulation of rabbit peritoneal cells with a nonpyrogenic, nonsomnogenic analog of MDP. The EP-containing supernatant lost its pyrogenicity and somnogenicity after passage over an immunoadsorbent column of monoclonal anti-MDP but not of another monoclonal antibody of different specificity. High percentage of the EP was recovered by elution of the anti-MDP columns with HCl/glycine buffer. Results suggest that bacterial muramyl peptides may be incorporated by mammalian cells into substances that act in picomole quantities to mediate immunological and physiological processes. In addition, the technique may be useful to extract interleukin 1 for structural studies.
A conditional resource sharing method for behavioral synthesis of highly testable data paths (2002)

Existing conditional resource sharing methods using in behavioral synthesis focus on area and performance optimization and do not consider testability. This paper extends our previous work to handle conditional branches. A hierarchical control-data flow graph (HCDFG) is used to model the system behavior. A postorder traversal of the HCDFG is employed to reduce sequential depths and loops for testability synthesis. Experimental results for the benchmarks show that our method, with no a priori test strategy assumption, can achieve higher fault coverage in shorter test generation time than an algorithm which disregards testability, and, with partial scan test assumption, can have high testability with fewer scan registers than some design-for-test methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Research of the camera calibration based on digital image processing (2007)

The paper discusses the key problem of measurement accuracy in a precise photo electronic measurement system, through combining the camera calibration method based on computer active vision with digital image processing technology, a method for calibrating camera internal parameters is proposed in the paper. The optics high accuracy theodolite and CCD subdivision measurement are combined in the method, and the least squares method is also used to determined the camera internal parameters under the optimum condition. The experimental results indicate: Compare with traditional camera calibration method, the operation of the camera calibration method is simple, the calibration speed is quick, and the applicable scope is broad, it can solve the problem of the distortion of CCD camera well.
Security Solutions for the Controller Area Network: Bringing Authentication to In-Vehicle Networks (2018)

Vehicles cannot be secured while the in-vehicle network remains insecure. The growing number of attacks reported each year shows that in-vehicle buses are not isolated from the outside world. By exploiting their lack of security, adversaries can gain control over virtually any functionality inside the car. We discuss the most promising approaches for assuring security on the controller area network (CAN) bus after a decade of attacks and security proposals. Most of the proposals are based on cryptographic mechanisms, but some exploit the physical layer or even the physical characteristics of the controllers. The surveyed solutions prove a significant degree of maturity and sophistication, which suggests that the moment for adoption and standardization by the industry has come.