gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Human Adult Skeletal Muscle Transcriptional Profile Reconstructed by a Novel Computational Approach (2000)

By applying a novel software tool, information on 4080 UniGene clusters was retrieved from three adult human skeletal muscle cDNA libraries, which were selected for being neither normalized nor subtracted. Reconstruction of a transcriptional profile of the corresponding tissue was attempted by a computational approach, classifying each transcript according to its level of expression. About 25% of the transcripts accounted for about 80% of the detected transcriptional activity, whereas most genes showed a low level of expression. This in silico transcriptional profile was then compared with data obtained by a SAGE study. A fairly good agreement between the two methods was observed. About 400 genes, highly expressed in skeletal muscle or putatively skeletal muscle-specific, may represent the minimal set of genes needed to determine the tissue specificity. These genes could be used as a convenient reference to monitor major changes in the transcriptional profile of adult human skeletal muscle in response to different physiological or pathological conditions, thus providing a framework for designing DNA microarrays and initiating biological studies.
The Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Enrofloxacin with Other Four Antimicrobial Agents Against Aquatic Pathogenic Bacteria (2005)

The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of enrofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,norfloxacin,miloxacin and florfenicol antimicrobial agents against aquatic pathogenic bacteria of Aeromonas hydrophia,Aeromonas sobria,Aeromonas cavie,Vibrio cholerae (non-O1),Vibrio harvey,Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum were determined by means of agar disk dilution method. The results show that the same antimicrobial agents had the different effect against different pathogenic bacteria as different antimicrobial agents to same pathogenic bacteria. The bactericidal time of enrofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,norfloxacin and florfenicol against Aeromonas hydrophia,Aeromonas sobria and Vibrio cholerae (non-O1) were different with different antimicrobial agents and pathogenic bacteria at the four times MBC concentration.
Iron Oxide Coated Gold Nanorods: Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Manipulation (2008)

We report a simple process to generate iron oxide coated gold nanorods. Gold nanorods, synthesized by our three-step seed mediated protocol, were coated with a layer of polymer, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The negatively charged polymer on the nanorod surface electrostatically attracted a mixture of aqueous iron(II) and iron(III) ions. Base-mediated coprecipitation of iron salts was used to form uniform coatings of iron oxide nanoparticles onto the surface of gold nanorods. The magnetic properties were studied using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer, which indicated superparamagnetic behavior of the composites. These iron oxide coated gold nanorods were studied for macroscopic magnetic manipulation and were found to be weakly magnetic. For comparison, premade iron oxide nanoparticles, attached to gold nanorods by electrostatic interactions, were also studied. Although control over uniform coating of the nanorods was difficult to achieve, magnetic manipulation was improved in the latter case. The products of both synthetic methods were monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the oxidation state of iron in the gold nanorod-iron oxide composites, which is consistent with Fe2O3 rather than Fe3O4. The simple method of iron oxide coating is general and applicable to different nanoparticles, and it enables magnetic field-assisted ordering of assemblies of nanoparticles for different applications.
NOD2-mediated dysbiosis predisposes mice to transmissible colitis and colorectal cancer (2013)

Instability in the composition of gut bacterial communities (dysbiosis) has been linked to common human intestinal disorders, such as Crohn's disease and colorectal cancer. Here, we show that dysbiosis caused by Nod2 deficiency gives rise to a reversible, communicable risk of colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice. Loss of either Nod2 or RIP2 resulted in a proinflammatory microenvironment that enhanced epithelial dysplasia following chemically induced injury. The condition could be improved by treatment with antibiotics or an anti-interleukin-6 receptor-neutralizing antibody. Genotype-dependent disease risk was communicable via maternally transmitted microbiota in both Nod2-deficient and WT hosts. Furthermore, reciprocal microbiota transplantation reduced disease risk in Nod2-deficient mice and led to long-term changes in intestinal microbial communities. Conversely, disease risk was enhanced in WT hosts that were recolonized with dysbiotic fecal microbiota from Nod2-deficient mice. Thus, we demonstrated that licensing of dysbiotic microbiota is a critical component of disease risk. Our results demonstrate that NOD2 has an unexpected role in shaping a protective assembly of gut bacterial communities and suggest that manipulation of dysbiosis is a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of human intestinal disorders.
A Comparison of Adaptive Estimation with Neural based Techniques for Bioprocess Application (1990)

The last few years have seen the proliferation of inferential estimation methodologies. These are techniques which are capable of providing estimates of `difficult-to-measure' fermentation process variables from other easily available process measurements. In the literature, two avenues tend to predominate: on being based upon the use of physicochemical models, while the other makes use of an input-output or `black-box' model structure. Clearly, those based upon an accurate physical description will offer the best performance. In reality, however, the best possible situation will be the availability of a `reasonable' process model. Alternatively, at the other end of the spectrum of process knowledge, is the use of `adaptive' generically structured observers. Firstly, a generally structured linear estimator will be introduced. Successful applications of this estimator to an idustrial mycelial fermentation will be presented. Such success is due to the continuous nature of the process, which undergoes smaller changes in dynamics than, say, a batch fermentation. For such cases it is felt that more representative nonliner observers are required. A technique now receiving recognition is that of artificial neural networks. The neural network paradigm is discussed and a comparison with the performance of the adaptive linear estimator is presented.
Premedication with midazolam in young children: a comparison of four routes of administration (2002)

Intranasal, oral, rectal and sublingual midazolam produces good levels of sedation and anxiolysis. Mask acceptance for inhalation induction was easy in the majority of children, irrespective of the route of drug administration.
Telomerase: A Target for Anticancer Therapy (1999)

Telomerase is absent in most normal tissues, but is abnormally reactivated in all major cancer types. Telomerase enables tumor cells to maintain telomere length, allowing indefinite replicative capacity. Albeit not sufficient in itself to induce neoplasia, telomerase is believed to be necessary for cancer cells to grow without limit. The presence of telomerase has been detected in virtually all cancer types including the most prevalent cancers of the prostate, breast, lung, colon, bladder, uterus, ovary, and pancreas as well as in lymphomas, leukemias, and melanomas. In addition, data from cancer patients indicate that telomerase levels correlate with clinical outcome in neuroblastomas, leukemias, and prostate, gastric, and breast cancers. Studies using an antisense to the human telomerase RNA component demonstrate that telomerase in human tumor lines can be blocked ex vivo. In these experiments, telomerase inhibition led to telomere shortening and cancer cell death, validating telomerase as a target for anticancer therapy. Telomerase is a uniquely appealing target for drug discovery because its dichotomic expression in normal versus cancer cells suggests that no serious side effects would result from a treatment abrogating telomerase activity. A variety of approaches to telomerase inhibition are being investigated and are discussed.
Gastrointestinal failure in intensive care: a retrospective clinical study in three different intensive care units in Germany and Estonia (2006)

Gastrointestinal failure represents a relevant clinical problem accompanied by an increased mortality, longer ICU stay and mechanical ventilation.
Invasiveness and persistence of Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, and a genetically defined S. enteritidis aroA strain in young chickens (1994)

Newly hatched chicks were dosed orally with a Salmonella typhimurium wild-type strain, an S. enteritidis wild-type strain, and a genetically defined S. enteritidis aroA vaccine candidate, strain CVL30. The S. typhimurium strain, 2391 Nalr, was virulent in newly hatched chicks and caused deaths in 7 of 20 chicks after an oral dose of 10(5) organisms. The S. enteritidis wild-type strain, LA5, caused death in 1 of 25 chicks and gross pathology including pericarditis and perihepatitis in 6 of the 24 survivors after an oral dose of 10(9) organisms. S. enteritidis aroA CVL30, attenuated by ca. 6.5 log10 in BALB/c mice, was nonvirulent when administered orally to chicks and did not cause morbidity. When newly hatched chicks were dosed, the pattern of invasion and colonization of the reticuloendothelial system by strain CVL30 was similar to that of its parent strain, LA5, irrespective of the dose. Oral inoculation of newly hatched chicks with < 10 organisms of S. enteritidis LA5 or CVL30 was followed by multiplication in the cecal contents. Within 3 days of hatching, the pH of the cecal contents was reduced from ca. 7 to 5. Samples of gut contents were inoculated in vitro. The S. enteritidis strains multiplied in samples taken from the ileum and duodenum irrespective of age but multiplied in the cecal samples from newly hatched chicks only. Invasion from the gut by S. enteritidis LA5 and CVL30 was both age and dose dependent.
Improved nuclear localization of DNA-binding polyamides (2006)

Regulation of endogenous genes by DNA-binding polyamides requires effective nuclear localization. Previous work employing confocal microscopy to study uptake of fluorophore-labeled polyamides has demonstrated the difficulty of predicting a priori the nuclear uptake of a given polyamide. The data suggest that dye identity influences uptake sufficiently such that a dye-conjugate cannot be used as a proxy for unlabeled analogs. Polyamides capable of nuclear localization unaided by fluorescent dyes are desirable due to size and other limitations of fluorophores. Recently, a polyamide-fluorescein conjugate targeted to the hypoxia response element (HRE) was found to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cultured HeLa cells. The current study uses inhibition of VEGF expression as a biological read-out for effective nuclear localization of HRE-targeted polyamides. We synthesized a focused library of non-fluorescent, HRE-targeted polyamides in which the C-terminus 'tail' has been systematically varied. Members of this library bind the HRE with affinities comparable or superior to that of the fluorescein-labeled analog. Although most library members demonstrate modest or no biological activity, two non-fluorescent polyamides are reported with activity rivaling that of the previously reported fluorescein-labeled polyamide. We also show evidence that promoter occupancy by HIF-1, the transcription factor that binds the HRE, is inhibited by HRE-targeted polyamides.
Monomorphic anti-HLA-A,B,C monoclonal antibodies detecting molecular subunits and combinatorial determinants. (1982)

Thirteen monoclonal antibodies that react with monomorphic determinants on the HLA-A,B,C-beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) molecule were characterized. Analysis of antibody activity included inhibition by papain-solubilized HLA antigens and free beta 2m, antibody binding to mouse-human somatic cell hybrids containing human chromosome 6 or 15, and antibody cross-reactivity with lymphocytes from nonhuman species. Two criteria for monomorphism were established: 1) equal inhibition or absorption of antibody activity by all papain-solubilized HLA antigens or cell lines of different HLA specificities tested; and 2) nonpolymorphic cross-reactivity within another species or subspecies. On the basis of soluble antigen inhibition and binding to somatic cell hybrids, 3 classes of antibodies were detected: anti-beta 2m, anti-heavy chain, and anti-complex (against a combinatorial determinant formed by heavy chain and beta 2m). Antibody cross-reaction patterns in nonhuman species were suggestive that these monomorphic antibodies detect a limited number of determinants, minimally one on each chain and 2 combinatorial determinants. Examination of the known primary sequences for HLA-A2, HLA-B7, H-2Kb, and mouse, rabbit and human beta 2m provides a molecular explanation for this limited mouse anti-HLA monomorphic antibody activity.
Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Additions to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by a (Salen)Al Complex (2005)

Chiral (salen)Al complex 1a catalyzes the highly enantioselective conjugate addition of carbon- and nitrogen-based nucleophiles to acyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones. This methodology is tolerant of substantial variation of the ketone structure, providing access to a wide range of useful chiral building blocks in high yield and enantiomeric excess. Synthetic manipulations of the conjugate addition products are demonstrated, including the straightforward preparation of beta-amino ketones and highly enantioenriched carbo- and heterocyclic compounds.
Estrogen-Astrocyte interactions: Implications for neuroprotection (2002)

If true, the hypothesis would significantly advance our understanding of endocrine-glia-neuron interactions. It may also help explain, at least in part, the reported beneficial effects of estrogen in neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, it also sets the stage for potential extension of the hypothetical mechanism to other important estrogen actions in the brain such as neurotropism, neurosecretion, and synaptic plasticity.
Decoherence of quantum registers (1997)

We consider decoherence of quantum registers, which consist of the qubits sited approximately periodically in space. The sites of the qubits are permitted to have a small random variance. We derive the explicit conditions under which the qubits can be assumed decohering independently. In other circumstances, the qubits are decohered cooperatively. We describe two kinds of collective decoherence. In each case, a scheme is proposed for reducing the collective decoherence. The schemes operate by encoding the input states of the qubits into some ''subdecoherent'' states.
Low-cost LCD spatial light modulator with high optical quality (1986)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Anthony M. Tai, "Low-cost LCD spatial light modulator with high optical quality," Appl. Opt. 25, 1380_1-1382 (1986) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Signaling by IL-2 and related cytokines: JAKs, STATs, and relationship to immunodeficiency (1996)

Cytokines that bind to the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor common gamma chain (gamma c), including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15, are important for the growth and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, and monocytes. These cytokines have overlapping biological effects that in part result from the use of the shared receptor subunit gamma c. Recently it has become clear that these cytokines activate a number of important intracellular signaling molecules, including the Janus kinases JAK1 and JAK3 and members of the transcription factor family of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). The discovery of these signaling pathways has led to important new insights into their role in lymphocyte maturation, as it has emerged that mutations in the genes encoding both gamma c and JAK3 result in similar forms of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). In this review we examine the structure and function of cytokine receptors and the signaling pathways involved in their regulation of gene expression. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances that have led to a better understanding of how cytokines elicit intracellular responses, as well as their role in normal lymphoid development.
Phenotypically distinct subsets of CD4+ T cells induce or protect from chronic intestinal inflammation in C. B-17 scid mice (1993)

CD4+ T cells in the mouse can be subdivided into two fractions based on the level of expression of the CD45RB determinant. Previous studies have shown that these subsets are functionally distinct. We have further characterized the properties of these subpopulations in vivo by injecting them into C. B-17 scid mice. The animals restored with the CD45RBhighCD4+ T cell population developed a lethal wasting disease with severe mononuclear cell infiltrates into the colon and elevated levels of IFN-gamma mRNA. In contrast, animals restored with the reciprocal CD45RBlow subset or with unfractionated CD4+ T cells did not develop the wasting or colitis. Importantly, the co-transfer of the CD45RBlow population with the CD45RBhigh population prevented the wasting disease and colitis. These data indicate that important regulatory interactions occur between the CD45RBhigh and CD45RBlowCD4+ T cell subsets and that disruption of this mechanism has fatal consequences.
Autoactivation of human recombinant coagulation factor VII (1989)

Single-chain human recombinant factor VII produced by transfected baby hamster kidney cells was purified to homogeneity in the presence of benzamidine. The amidolytic activity of single-chain recombinant factor VII with a peptidylnitroanilide substrate, methoxycarbonyl-D-cyclohexanylglycyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide, was less than 1% of that obtained with factor VIIa. Purified single-chain recombinant factor VII spontaneously activated in the absence of inhibitor. The activation reaction was enhanced by at least 2 orders of magnitude in the presence of a positively charged surface, provided either as an anion-exchange matrix or as poly(D-lysine). The progress curve for factor VIIa generation was sigmoidal. Benzamidine inhibits recombinant factor VIIa activity and factor VII activation with identical inhibition constants (Ki) of 11 mM. In contrast, benzamidine inhibition of bovine factor Xa and bovine factor IIa was observed at Ki values equal to 0.3 and 0.5 mM, respectively. Bovine factors Xa and IIa are known activators of factor VII and the most likely contaminants of our recombinant factor VII preparations. Single-chain recombinant factor VII purified from cells cultured in the absence of bovine serum activated at the same rate as factor VII from cells cultured in the presence of bovine serum. This also excluded the possibility that the activation reaction was caused by contaminating bovine proteases. On the basis of these observations, we propose that factor VII is autoactivated in vitro in the presence of a positively charged surface.
Effects of Fluoxetine and Maprotiline on Functional Recovery in Poststroke Hemiplegic Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation Therapy (1996)

Fluoxetine may facilitate or, alternatively, maprotiline may hinder recovery in poststroke patients undergoing rehabilitation. The effects of fluoxetine as an adjunct to physical therapy warrant further investigation, since treatment with fluoxetine may result in a better functional outcome from stroke than physical therapy alone.
Comments and Perspectives (2005)

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Nuclear medicine was the first medical specialty to incorporate computers into the everyday practice of medicine. Today we live in the age of information technology and telecommunications. Has the time come for the Society of Nuclear Medicine to again play a leading role in
Ly-49 multigene family expressed by IL-2-activated NK cells. (1994)

The susceptibility of a target cell to killing by NK cells is inversely correlated with target cell expression of MHC class I molecules. We have recently demonstrated that a murine NK cell surface molecule, Ly-49, is a primary determinant of IL-2-activated NK cell specificity by apparently acting as an inhibitory receptor. Ly-49 seems to interact with polymorphic regions of certain MHC class I molecules on target cells, yet is expressed only by a subset (15 to 20%) of NK cells. If the interaction between Ly-49 and MHC class I represents a paradigm for understanding IL-2-activated NK cell specificity and putative inhibitory IL-2-activated NK cell receptors, these effector cells should express other molecules, perhaps related to Ly-49, that provide the inhibitory receptor function. We now report the isolation of cDNAs, encoding polypeptides related to Ly-49, from a CD3-, IL-2-activated NK cell library. Full length PCR products were also cloned and sequenced, confirming expression in IL-2-activated NK cells. These cDNAs were homologous to the Ly-49 cDNA and seem to be derived from distinct genes. The new cDNAs encode type II integral membrane proteins having lectin superfamily homology and 66 to 79% amino acid identity with Ly-49A. In contrast to previous reports, these cDNAs cannot be allelic variants because they were all isolated from C57BL/6-derived cells. On the basis of nucleotide homology, the cDNAs could be segregated into five groups; one with Ly-49 itself (now termed Ly-49A) and four others containing distinct sequences. One of the new groups comprised three cDNAs that shared identical sequences, but differed from one another by deletions or insertions of short DNA segments in the predicted extracellular region of the polypeptides. Thus, IL-2-activated NK cells express mRNAs for multiple, Ly-49-related molecules.
The Effects of Chemisorption on the Luminescence of CdSe Quantum Dots (2006)

We report on the effects of Lewis bases and other ligands on radiative recombination in CdSe quantum dots (QDs) in several solvents. Long-chain primary amines are found to be the most efficacious capping agents for CdSe QDs in nonpolar solvents. Primary alkylamines are superior to secondary and tertiary alkylamines. The kinetics of chemisorption and desorption in less polar solvents, such as hexane or chloroform, are temperature controlled and obey a Langmuir isotherm. Mercaptan adsorption also obeys a Langmuir isotherm, and alkylmercaptans rapidly displace amines, leading to luminescence quenching. In more polar solvents, such as toluene, ligands desorb, leading to luminescence quenching. It is proposed that surface Cd vacancies function as nonradiative recombination centers. The adsorption of a Lewis base to the QD raises the surface vacancy energy close to, or above, the conduction band edge and eliminates electron capture by the surface vacancies. Solvent polarity has a strong effect on luminescence since the solvent determines the extent of ligand adsorption to the QD surface.