gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of emotional communication robot: WAMOEBA-2R-experimental evaluation of the emotional communication between robots and humans (2002)

This paper aims to clarify the cooperation intelligence of robots. This paper describes the autonomous robot named WAMOEBA-2R which can communicate with humans by both an informational and physical way. WAMOEBA-2R has two arms of which each joint has a torque sensor to realize the physical interaction with humans, the function of the voice recognition and the face recognition. The arms are controlled by a distributed agent network system. The network architecture is acquired in a neural network by the feedback-error-learning algorithm. We surveyed 150 visitors at the '99 International Robot Exhibition held in Tokyo (Oct. 1999) to evaluate their psychological impressions of WAMOEBA-2R. As a result, some factors of the human-robot emotional communication were discovered.
Multiparametric and Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human Breast Cancer: Current Applications (2004)

The exploration of novel imaging methods that have the potential to improve specificity for the identification of malignancy is still critically needed in breast imaging. Changes in physiologic alterations of soft tissue water associated with breast cancer can be visualized by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, it is unlikely that a single MR parameter can characterize the complexity of breast tissue. Techniques such as multiparametric MR imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRSI) imaging, and 23Na sodium MR imaging when used in combination provide a comprehensive data set with potentially more power to diagnose breast disease than any single measure alone. A combination of MR, MRSI, and 23Na sodium MR parameters may be examined in a single MR imaging examination, potentially resulting in improved specificity for radiologic evaluation of malignancy.
Motion planning algorithms for a group of mobile agents (2008)

Building autonomous mobile agents has been a major research effort for a while&#13;\nwith cooperative mobile robotics receiving a lot of attention in recent times. Motion&#13;\nplanning is a critical problem in deploying autonomous agents. In this research we&#13;\nhave developed two novel global motion planning schemes for a group of mobile agents&#13;\nwhich eliminate some of the disadvantages of the current methods available. The first&#13;\nis the homotopy method in which the planning is done in polynomial space. In this&#13;\nmethod the position in local frame of each mobile agent is mapped to a complex&#13;\nnumber and a time varying polynomial contains information regarding the current&#13;\npositions of all mobile agents, the degree of the polynomial being the number of&#13;\nmobile agents and the roots of the polynomial representing the position in local&#13;\nframe of the mobile agents at a given time. This polynomial is constructed by finding&#13;\na path parameterized in time from the initial to the goal polynomial (represent the&#13;\ninitial and goal positions in local frame of the mobile agents) so that the discriminant&#13;\nvariety or the set of polynomials with multiple roots is avoided in polynomial space.&#13;\nThis is equivalent to saying that there is no collision between any two agents in going&#13;\nfrom initial position to goal position. The second is the homogeneous deformation&#13;\nmethod. It is based on continuum theory for motion of deformable bodies. In this&#13;\nmethod a swarm of vehicles is considered at rest in an initial configuration with no&#13;\nrestrictions on the initial shape or the locations of the vehicles within that shape. A&#13;\nmotion plan is developed to move this swarm of vehicles from the initial configuration to a new configuration such that there are no collisions between any vehicles at&#13;\nany time instant. It is achieved via a linear map between the initial and desired&#13;\nfinal configuration such that the map is invertible at all times. Both the methods&#13;\nproposed are computationally attractive. Also they facilitate motion coordination&#13;\nbetween groups of mobile agents with limited or no sensing and communication.
Dendritic cells from different tissues induce production of different T cell cytokine profiles (1996)

The precise role of antigen-presenting cells (APC) in regulating the balance of T-helper type 1 (Th1) and T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine production is unclear. Dendritic cells (DC), the most potent APC for activation of naive T cells, were found to regulate Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles in a fashion dependent upon their tissue of origin. Spleen (systemic) DC induce mainly Th1 cytokines and Peyer's patch (mucosal) DC induce predominantly Th2 cytokines. These findings support the current concept that different tissues, each with its distinct microenvironment of cytokines, hormones, and cellular elements, are involved in the selection, promotion, and/or maintenance of different immune responses. With regard to DC, it is apparent that the tissue of DC origin determines the cytokine profiles produced by T cells and that DC from different tissues favor either cellular versus humoral immune responses by influencing T cell cytokine production.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Novel β‐Lactam‐Containing 1,4‐Benzodiazepines through a Ketene−Imine Cycloaddition Reaction (2004)

Abstract Novel tricyclic scaffolds that incorporate a β‐lactam ring fused to the d bond of a 1,4‐benzodiazepine seven‐membered ring have been synthesized in a process that constitutes one of the few examples of Staudinger‐type reactions involving ketimines described so far. In addition the creation of an asymmetric quaternary center has been achieved. The combination of these two “privileged structures” in a single compound is bound to confer interesting biological properties upon them. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Guidelines for sizing traffic queues in terminals of future protected satcom systems (2009)

Future military satellite communication systems will feature time-division multiple access (TDMA) uplinks in which uplink resources will be granted on demand to each terminal by a centralized resource controller. Due to the time-shared nature of the uplink, a terminal will not be constantly transmitting. It will only transmit in its assigned timeslots so as not to cause interference to other terminal transmissions. Packets arriving at a terminal during idle transmission periods will have to be buffered or queued, potentially in a terminal router, else they will be dropped. At the next assigned timeslot these queues will be serviced via a queue scheduling policy that maintains quality-of-service (QoS) requirements to the different traffic classes. These queues must be sized large enough to ensure no packet loss when operating in an uncongested state; how large is a function of the distribution of timeslots assigned to the terminal. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between timeslot assignment distributions and queue requirements of a terminal router, providing insight of how to size router queues given an assigned timeslot distribution, or reciprocally, constraints placed on timeslot distribution given a set queue size, in order to avoid packet loss.
Systematic design of chemical oscillators. 83. Equilibria and kinetics of the fast interaction between copper(II) and thiosulfate ions in aqueous solution (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSystematic design of chemical oscillators. 83. Equilibria and kinetics of the fast interaction between copper(II) and thiosulfate ions in aqueous solutionGyula Rabai and Irving R. EpsteinCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 15, 3239–3242Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00041a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00041a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views587Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The oxidative folding of proteins by disulfide plus thiol does not correlate with redox potential (1987)

The rate and yield of oxidative renaturation of reduced RNase A has been studied as a function of [-S-S-]/[-SH]. The principal conclusion of these studies is that rates and yields of oxidative renaturation are strongly dependent on the low mol. wt disulfide/thiol ratio. The relationships are complex and do not parallel the redox potential of the system. The present results are consistent with earlier findings on other proteins, and lead us to believe that the above conclusion is general. Kinetic studies of oxidative renaturation should recognize and account for the dependence of reaction rate and extent on the disulfide/thiol ratio. This ratio can change substantially over the course of a reaction, either due to stoichiometric transfer of disulfide to protein, and/or adventitious air oxidation of thiols. Failure to account for changes in the disulfide/thiol ratio may compromise the interpretation of such experiments.
Retinoids and Receptor Interacting Protein 140 (RIP140) in Gene Regulation (2004)

Retinoids exert pleiotropic effects in various biological processes by binding to their nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), to regulate gene transcription. Apo-RARs and RXRs repress target gene expression by recruiting corepressors to the target DNA, triggering chromatin condensation by the action of histone deacetylases present in the corepressor complexes. In contrast, holo-RARs and RXRs recruit coactivators, some known to encode histone acetyl transferases, which trigger histone hyperacetylation, chromatin decondensation, and ultimately gene activation. Receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) represents a novel RAR/RXR coregulator that suppresses vitamin A-regulated gene expression in a retinoid- dependent manner. This review addresses the action of different retinoid ligands on gene expression, the molecular mechanisms underlying RAR/RXR-mediated gene regulation, and the unique properties of RIP140 as a novel retinoid hormone-dependent negative coregulator for RAR- and RXR-mediated gene regulation.
Beneficial effects of vaccenic acid on postprandial lipid metabolism and dyslipidemia: Impact of natural trans‐fats to improve CVD risk (2010)

Abstract Abnormal non‐fasting (postprandial) lipid metabolism has been recognized as a significant contributor to dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Clinically, impaired metabolism of lipoproteins following a meal (e.g. chylomicrons) has been demonstrated in a number of chronic diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, as well as type 1 and 2 diabetes. Given the proposed effects of dietary trans fat to contribute to a lipid profile that increases CVD risk, there has been a public health campaign in many countries to eliminate these fatty acids from the food supply. In contrast, our group has recently reported novel lipid‐lowering benefits of a major naturally‐occurring trans fatty acid vaccenic acid (VA, shorthand lipid name 18:1 trans‐11), in an animal model of dyslipidemia and the metabolic syndrome. Studies to date have shown that dietary supplementation of VA effectively reduces not only fasting lipids, but also postprandial triacylglycerol and chylomicron concentrations in obese JCR:LA‐cp rats. Evidence from animal studies to date suggest that VA may down‐regulate hepatic fatty acid synthesis and directly influence lipogenesis in the intestine. The discovery of new bioactive properties of VA is supported by clinical studies which have provided increased momentum for industry applications. In this review we summarize the emerging beneficial view of natural trans fats that have distinct and differential properties compared to those synthetically produced in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO), with a particular focus on fasting and postprandial lipid metabolism in CVD risk.
Differential effects of the hematopoietic inhibitors MIP-1 alpha, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha on cytokine-induced proliferation of subpopulations of CD34+ cells purified from cord blood and fetal liver. (1995)

We have previously characterized the proliferative response of primitive CD34+ cells, purified from adult bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and fetal liver, to a mixture of hematopoietic stimulators (steel factor [SF], interleukin-3 [IL-3], IL-6, and erythropoietin [Epo]) in serum-free liquid cultures. In the present study, we assessed the effects of the hematopoietic inhibitors, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), on the cytokine-induced proliferation of three different CD34+ cell subpopulations derived from cord blood and on total CD34+ cells derived from fetal liver. In cultures of cord blood cells, addition of MIP-1 alpha inhibited the numerical expansion of primitive CD34+ cells (CD34+ CD45RAlow CD71low cells) without inhibiting the proliferation of more mature subpopulations enriched for myeloid (CD34+ CD45RA+ CD71low cells) or erythroid (CD34+ CD45RAlow CD71+ cells) progenitors. TGF-beta significantly reduced the proliferation of all three subpopulations, although its effects were more pronounced on cells of the erythroid lineage, particularly immature erythroid progenitors. Similarly, TNF-alpha preferentially inhibited total nucleated and CD34+ cell production in the subpopulation enriched for erythroid cells. However, in contrast to TGF-beta, TNF-alpha preferentially inhibited the proliferation of more mature erythroid progenitors. In a separate set of experiments, MIP-1 alpha, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha were added to cultures of total CD34+ cells purified from fetal liver. In keeping with the fact that the majority of the progenitors contained in these cells were erythroid progenitors, the inhibitory effects of the three cytokines were similar to those observed in cultures of CD34+ CD45RAlow CD71+ cord blood cells. The results of the present study demonstrate that MIP-1 alpha, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha have the capacity to modulate cytokine-induced proliferation of cord blood and fetal liver progenitors. The differential effects of these three cytokines confirm their pleiotropic nature as regulators of hematopoiesis.
The growth factor-inducible immediate-early gene 3CH134 encodes a protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. (1993)

Stimulation of fibroblasts with serum growth factors results in the rapid activation of a set of immediate-early genes, among them 3CH134. We have purified a bacterially expressed form of the 3CH134-encoded polypeptide and demonstrated that it has intrinsic protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (PTPase; protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.48) activity in vitro. This activity is optimal at pH 7.5, is sensitive to vanadate and cysteinyl modifying agents, and is insensitive to a panel of serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors. Purified 3CH134 protein displays a high degree of selectivity among the tyrosine-phosphorylated polypeptide substrates tested. Under our assay conditions, the rates of dephosphorylation are in the order EDNDYINASL peptide < myelin basic protein < reduced, carboxyamidomethylated, and maleylated lysozyme (RCML) < p42mapk. There is a 200-fold range in rates for these substrates, with p42mapk dephosphorylated 15-fold more rapidly than RCML. Although 3CH134 is most closely related to the tyrosine/serine dual-specificity phosphatase VH1, we failed to detect any 3CH134-directed activity on casein or RCML phosphorylated on serine/threonine residues by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Since 3CH134 expression is controlled transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally, it may represent a class of PTPases whose activity is regulated at the level of protein synthesis and degradation.
A novel cell culture system modeling the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle (2021)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the global pandemic of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is classified as a biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) agent, impeding the basic research into its biology and the development of effective antivirals. Here, we developed a biosafety level-2 (BSL-2) cell culture system for production of transcription and replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 virus-like-particles (trVLP). This trVLP expresses a reporter gene (GFP) replacing viral nucleocapsid gene (N), which is required for viral genome packaging and virion assembly (SARS-CoV-2 GFP/ΔN trVLP). The complete viral life cycle can be achieved and exclusively confined in the cells ectopically expressing SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 N proteins, but not MERS-CoV N. Genetic recombination of N supplied in trans into viral genome was not detected, as evidenced by sequence analysis after one-month serial passages in the N-expressing cells. Moreover, intein-mediated protein trans-splicing approach was utilized to split the viral N gene into two independent vectors, and the ligated viral N protein could function in trans to recapitulate entire viral life cycle, further securing the biosafety of this cell culture model. Based on this BSL-2 SARS-CoV-2 cell culture model, we developed a 96-well format high throughput screening for antivirals discovery. We identified salinomycin, tubeimoside I, monensin sodium, lycorine chloride and nigericin sodium as potent antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Collectively, we developed a convenient and efficient SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics tool to dissect the virus life cycle under a BSL-2 condition. This powerful tool should accelerate our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 biology and its antiviral development.
New Chemotherapeutic Agents: Update of Major Chemoradiation Trials in Solid Tumors (2002)

The institution of combined modality therapy for unresected solid tumors has resulted in significant improvements in tumor control and survival benefit compared with radiotherapy (RT) alone. A number of chemotherapy agents that can enhance the effectiveness of RT, such as cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, are now considered standard treatment for patients with a number of cancer types. There is growing interest in a number of additional agents that have also been found to have radiosensitizing ability. These include paclitaxel, docetaxel, irinotecan, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine, as well as biologic agents. Other agents may be of value because they act to counter dose-limiting toxicities associated with RT. This article provides an update of some important, recently completed and ongoing clinical trials evaluating novel chemoradiation protocols, with examples taken primarily from studies conducted by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Theoretical approaches to the development of new agents and combined modality regimens are also discussed.
Use of a Dicistronic Expression Cassette Encoding the Green Fluorescent Protein for the Screening and Selection of Cells Expressing Inducible Gene Products (1997)

To facilitate the screening and selection of cells expressing inducible gene products, we have constructed a plasmid that, by the inclusion of a viral internal ribosome entry site, permits the synthesis of a dicistronic mRNA encoding both a gene of interest and the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. This greatly simplifies the task of clone selection, since GFP fluorescence can be visualized non-obtrusively in live cells with a standard fluorescence microscope. We have applied this method to the tetracycline-regulated expression system in which the expression of a target gene, placed under the control of a promoter containing the tetracycline operator sequence (tetO), can be induced by a tetracycline-regulated trans-activator protein (tTA). Binding of the tTA to the tetO is inhibited in the presence of tetracycline. Optimal results with this system require two sequential rounds of transfection and screening. Obtaining a cell line expressing high levels of functional tTA is greatly simplified by transiently transfecting a plasmid encoding GFP into a pool of cells that has first been transfected with a tTA-expressor construct and selecting GFP-positive cells using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. In the second step, the tTA cell line can then be stably transfected with a dicistronic expressor-GFP cassette. This method eliminates the task of characterizing cell lines by the standard method of examining levels of the exogenously expressed protein in cell extracts of individual clones.
PNA molecular beacons for rapid detection of PCR amplicons (1998)

The authors have developed a method for rapid detection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons based on surface immobilized PNA-DNA hybrid probes ('molecular beacons') that undergo a fluorescent-linked conformational change in the presence of a complementary DNA target. Amplicons can be detected by simply adding a PCR reaction to a microtitre-well containing the previously immobilized probe, and reading the generated fluorescence. No further transfers or washing steps are involved. The authors demonstrate the specificity of the method for the detection of ribosomal DNA from Entamoeba histolytica.
Toxicity and composition of protease-inhibited Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals (1984)

A procedure is described in which the protein crystals produced by Bacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis were solubilized in 50 mM NaOH with 10 mM EDTA at pH 11.7.This solubilization procedure gave protein gel profiles identical with those for intact crystals while maintaining full biological activity in the form of erythrocyte lysis capability.Crystals with and without protease activity were equally toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae.
Efficient encoding of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check codes (2006)

Quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes form an important subclass of LDPC codes. These codes have encoding advantage over other types of LDPC codes. This paper addresses the issue of efficient encoding of QC-LDPC codes. Two methods are presented to find the generator matrices of QC-LDPC codes in systematic-circulant (SC) form from their parity-check matrices, given in circulant form. Based on the SC form of the generator matrix of a QC-LDPC code, various types of encoding circuits using simple shift registers are devised. It is shown that the encoding complexity of a QC-LDPC code is linearly proportional to the number of parity bits of the code for serial encoding, and to the length of the code for high-speed parallel encoding.
Chemical cleavage of mismatch: A new look at an established method (1998)

Chemical cleavage of mismatch (CCM), also known as chemical mismatch cleavage (CMC) or the HOT (hydroxylamine/osmium tetroxide) chemical method, has been used for detection of sequence variability with many systems since it was first described. Recently, adaptation to fluorescence-based detection systems has fundamentally changed both the execution and analysis of CCM. This review will outline major advances in the methodology of CCM, from the advent of PCR through fluorescent analysis, and includes applications and modifications of CCM. Hum Mutat 11:345–353, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.