gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Internal pH in Wool Fibres and the Interpretation of Data Relating to Setting (1965)

A system consisting of wool fibres immersed in a salt solution has been considered in terms of the Donnan theory and an expression obtained which relates the hydroxyl–ion concentration of the ‘internal solution’ to the pH and salt concentration in the external solution, the affinities of hydroxyl ion, cation, and anion for the fibre, and the numbers of ionisable cationic and anionic groups in the fibre. This showed that at constant external pH and ionic strength, the internal hydroxyl–ion concentration would be increased by increasing the number of ionised cationic groups on the fibre, by adsorption of cations, or by decreasing the number of ionised anionic groups on the fibre. It would be decreased by adsorption of anionic groups. The effects of several chemical modifications of wool fibres on their setting properties can be explained in terms of their effects on the internal hydroxyl–ion concentration.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Based on a Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystal (2010)

We present a material assembly route for the manufacture of dye-sensitized solar cells, coupling a high-surface mesoporous layer to a three-dimensional photonic crystal (PC). Material synthesis aided by self-assembly on two length scales provided electrical and pore connectivity at the mesoporous and the microporous level. This construct allows effective dye sensitization, electrolyte infiltration, and charge collection from both the mesoporous and the PC layers, opening up additional parameter space for effective light management by harvesting PC-induced resonances.
Increases of Amphiregulin and Transforming Growth Factor-α in Serum as Predictors of Poor Response to Gefitinib among Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers (2005)

Serum levels of amphiregulin and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), which were identified previously to be expressed at high levels in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with poor response to gefitinib, were examined by ELISA using blood samples taken from 50 patients with advanced NSCLCs. Of 14 cases that revealed above the cutoff line for amphiregulin in serum, 12 responded poorly to gefitinib, whereas 18 of the 36 cases showing below the cutoff revealed partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD; P = 0.026). Thirteen of 15 patients who were positive for TGF-alpha responded poorly to gefitinib, whereas 18 of the 35 patients with negative TGF-alpha levels turned out to be relatively good responders (P = 0.014). Of 22 patients with positive values for either or both markers, 19 were poor responders. On the other hand, among 28 patients negative for both markers, 17 were classified into the PR or SD groups (P = 0.001). Gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients whose serum amphiregulin or TGF-alpha was positive showed a poorer tumor-specific survival (P = 0.037 and 0.002, respectively, by univariate analysis) compared with those whose serum amphiregulin or TGF-alpha concentrations were negative. Multivariate analysis showed an independent association between positivity for TGF-alpha and shorter survival times among NSCLC patients treated with gefitinib (P = 0.034). Amphiregulin or TGF-alpha positivity in NSCLC tissues was significantly higher in male, nonadenocarcinomas, and smokers. Our data suggest that the status of amphiregulin and TGF-alpha in serum can be an important predictor of the resistance to gefitinib among patients with advanced NSCLC.
Absolute Bioavailability of Carbamazepine After Oral Administration of a 2% Syrup (1990)

Two healthy male volunteers received 10 mg carbamazepine (CBZ) as a 2-h constant-rate intravenous (i.v.) infusion and 100 mg 15N-labeled CBZ as a 2% oral suspension, concomitantly. The two compounds have identical pharmacokinetics. Their respective concentrations in plasma were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for 168 h. The comparison of the areas under the plasma curves (AUC) obtained by the two routes of administration, showed the systemic availability of CBZ given as an oral suspension to be equal to its availability when given intravenously. A two-compartment model was estimated: The apparent volume of distribution of CBZ at the steady-state (Vss) was approximately 1 L/kg.
Enterprise networking for the new millennium (2002)

The two anniversaries we are celebrating — the turn of the year 2000 and the 75 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> anniversary of Bell Labs — are a good time to take stock of where we have been and where we are going with regard to enterprise networking. This paper begins with a brief retrospective. It then outlines the business imperatives and technology innovations that will define the future, paints a picture of the landscapes we are creating upon this canvas, describes how businesses can prepare for their unique journey towards this future, and summarizes the down payments we have made to secure our vision.
[The solid-phase synthesis of methotrexate-alpha-peptides]. (1997)

Methotrexate(MTX) and the methotrexate-alpha-peptides(MTX-alpha-phenylalanine and MTX-alpha-arginine i.e. MTX-alpha-Phe and MTX-alpha-Arg) were prepared with the technique of solid-phase peptide synthesis. Its purity was verified as a single peak by HPLC and its molecular weight was measured by mass spectrometry. MTX-alpha-Phe could be hydrolyzed to MTX by carboxypeptidase A. The cytotoxic effect of released MTX was found to be 100 times stronger than that of the peptide in vitro. It is suggested that MTX-alpha-Phe is a satisfactory prodrug in the treatment of cancer.
Generation, characterization and structural data of chymase binding proteins based on the human Fyn kinase SH3 domain (2012)

The serine protease chymase (EC = 3.4.21.39) is expressed in the secretory granules of mast cells, which are important in allergic reactions. Fynomers, which are binding proteins derived from the Fyn SH3 domain, were generated against human chymase to produce binding partners to facilitate crystallization, structure determination and structure-based drug discovery, and to provide inhibitors of chymase for therapeutic applications. The best Fynomer was found to bind chymase with a KD of 0.9 nM and koff of 6.6x10 (-4) s (-1) , and to selectively inhibit chymase activity with an IC 50 value of 2 nM. Three different Fynomers were co-crystallized with chymase in 6 different crystal forms overall, with diffraction quality in the range of 2.25 to 1.4 Å resolution, which is suitable for drug design efforts. The X-ray structures show that all Fynomers bind to the active site of chymase. The conserved residues Arg15-Trp16-Thr17 in the RT-loop of the chymase binding Fynomers provide a tight interaction, with Trp16 pointing deep into the S1 pocket of chymase. These results confirm the suitability of Fynomers as research tools to facilitate protein crystallization, as well as for the development of assays to investigate the biological mechanism of targets. Finally, their highly specific inhibitory activity and favorable molecular properties support the use of Fynomers as potential therapeutic agents.
Graphical templates for model registration (1996)

A new method of model registration is proposed using graphical templates. A graph of landmarks is chosen in the template image. All possible candidates for these landmarks are found in the data image using local operators. A dynamic programming algorithm on decomposable subgraphs of the template graph finds the optimal match to a subset of the candidate points in polynomial time. This combination of local operators to describe points of interest/landmarks and a graph to describe their geometric orientation in the plane, yields fast and precise matches of the model to the data, with no initialization required.
Assessing and Managing Adolescents with School Problems. (1997)

Although school performance is highly influenced by socioeconomic and cultural forces, neurodevelopmental and psychological factors are major determinants of educational success. Clinicians should approach school problems as a health issue, with the specific objectives of determining whether a primary disease process or neurodevelopmental disorder is interfering with learning; providing medical evidence to support further evaluation of the patient; and offering medical treatment for conditions responsive to medication. The author also recognizes the value of effective collaboration with school staff and mental health professionals and primary care clinicians in assisting the adolescent patient to address his or her school difficulties.
Integrated Sagnac optical gyroscope sensor using ultra-low loss high aspect ratio silicon nitride waveguide coil (2017)

We demonstrate operation of an interferometric optical gyroscope that uses an on-chip 3m ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguide coil. The measured minimum waveguide loss of the waveguide coil fabricated using lithographic die stitching was 0.78 dB/m. The angle random walk and bias instability of the gyroscope were characterized to be 8.52 deg/hr<sup>1/2</sup> and 58.7 deg/hr respectively.
C-reactive Protein (2004)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a phylogenetically highly conserved plasma protein, with homologs in vertebrates and many invertebrates, that participates in the systemic response to inflammation. Its plasma concentration increases during inflammatory states, a characteristic that has long been employed for clinical purposes. CRP is a pattern recognition molecule, binding to specific molecular configurations that are typically exposed during cell death or found on the surfaces of pathogens. Its rapid increase in synthesis within hours after tissue injury or infection suggests that it contributes to host defense and that it is part of the innate immune response. Recently, an association between minor CRP elevation and future major cardiovascular events has been recognized, leading to the recommendation by the Centers for Disease Control and the American Heart Association that patients at intermediate risk of coronary heart disease might benefit from measurement of CRP. This review will largely focus on our current understanding of the structure of CRP, its ligands, the effector molecules with which it interacts, and its apparent functions.
Serious infection caused by group C streptococci. (1980)

Group C streptococci commonly cause infection in animals but only occasionally give rise to severe infection in man. We report here three cases of serious human infection due to this organism and discuss its pathogenicity in relation to the clinical manifestations of the disease.
Expression of Dnmt1, demethylase, MeCP2 and methylation of tumor-related genes in human gastric cancer (2004)

The up-regulation of proto-oncogene may be the consequence of epigenetic control of gene expression by demethylase, and mbd2 is involved in the regulation of hMSH2 expression in human gastric cancer.
Attenuation of Casing Cemented With Conventional and Expanding Cements Across Heavy-Oil and Sandstone Formations (1992)

Summary Studies were conducted with a large-scale displacement model containing manmade tar and competent (hard) manmade sandstone formations. This paper investigates the cement placement process and the acoustic response with standard logging tools. This investigation revealed that the formations behind the cement make a significant contribution to the pipe-attenuation rate. The large-scale acoustic experiments indicate that lower pipe-attenuation-rate levels are measured when tar formations are cemented. This occurs even with the same type of cement and the same annular clearances. The tests suggest that low-attenuation-rate levels also may be measured across other low-restraint formations.
Development of a panel of monochromosomal somatic cell hybrids for rapid gene mapping (1995)

We have assembled a panel of monochromosomal somatic cell hybrids for use in gene mapping. DNA from each individual hybrid was used as a probe on normal human metaphases to identify the human chromosome and any fragments by reverse painting. To test the efficiency of the panel PCR amplification of DNA from the monochromosomal somatic cell hybrid panel was used in combination with human specific oligonucleotide primers to assign alpha-catenin (CTNNA1) and p21/WAF1 to chromosomes 5 and 6 respectively. These genes were localized further using hybrids containing specific translocations to 5q11-qter and 6p21 respectively. We also developed primers to enable us to assign 17 ESTs sequenced by the HGMP Resource Centre. The hybrid panel was developed with support of the UK HGMP and the DNA is available to all registered users.
Data extraction for effective non-intrusive identification of residential power loads (2002)

A completely effective technology for monitoring energy consumption and switching patterns of multiple electrical loads is desired yet not available. While parallel metering of multiple loads is possible, it is rarely cost effective and requires several installations and maintenance checks that disrupt a monitored business or residence. This report describes how non-intrusive monitoring methods for residences have been extended with several novel techniques to identify electrical loads and measure energy consumed by each.
Finding the Path: a World Wide Web-based guide for imaging evaluation of patients in the emergency department. (1997)

Finding the Path is a problem-based World Wide Web resource that provides algorithms for imaging evaluation of emergency department patients. This module is designed to guide physicians in the efficient use of diagnostic imaging modalities and their appropriate application to emergency department practice. The module is composed of interactive case studies that can be accessed either by diagnoses or as unknowns. Each case study provides a brief clinical history accompanied by pertinent physical and laboratory findings. Users are asked to choose the most appropriate and cost-effective diagnostic imaging study and receive feedback on their choice. Associated images, findings, and a brief discussion of the diagnosis are displayed. Each case is followed by an algorithm aimed at promoting efficient and cost-effective use of imaging modalities. In addition to its value in clinical practice, the database is a useful radiologic teaching tool for residents and medical students. The module is being used at a major university as part of the new curriculum for radiologic education.
Agglomerative connectivity constrained clustering for image segmentation (2011)

Abstract We consider the problem of clustering under the constraint that data points in the same cluster are connected according to a pre‐existed graph. This constraint can be efficiently addressed by an agglomerative clustering approach, which we exploit to construct a new fully automatic segmentation algorithm for color photographs. For image segmentation, if the pixel grid with eight neighbor connectivity is imposed as the graph, each group of pixels generated by this clustering method is ensured to be a geometrically connected region in the image, a desirable trait for many subsequent operations. To achieve scalability for images with large sizes, the segmentation algorithm combines the top‐down k ‐means clustering with the bottom‐up agglomerative clustering method. We also find that it is advantageous to conduct clustering at multiple stages through which the similarity measure is adjusted. Experimental results with comparison to other widely used and state‐of‐the‐art segmentation methods show that the new algorithm achieves higher accuracy at much faster speed. A software package is provided for public access. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 84–99 2011
Inducible and Reversible Transgene Expression in Human Stem Cells After Efficient and Stable Gene Transfer (2006)

We report here a lentiviral vector system for regulated transgene expression. We used the tetracycline repressor fused with a transcriptional suppression domain (tTS) to specifically suppress transgene expression. Human cells were first transduced with a tTS-expressing vector and subsequently transduced with a second lentiviral vector-containing transgene controlled by a regular promoter adjacent to a high-affinity tTS-binding site (tetO). After optimizing the location of the tetO site in the latter vector, we achieved a better inducible transgene expression than the previous lentiviral vectors using the tetracycline repressor systems. In this new system, the transgene transcription from a cellular promoter such as EF1alpha or ubiquitin-C promoter is suppressed by the tTS bound to the nearby tetO site. In the presence of the tetracycline analog doxycycline (Dox), however, the tTS binding is released from the transgene vector and transcription from the promoter is restored. Thus, this system simply adds an extra level of regulation, suitable for any types of promoters (ubiquitous or cell-specific). We tested this tTS-suppressive, Dox-inducible system in 293T cells, human multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells, and three human embryonic stem cell lines, using a dual-gene vector containing the green fluorescent protein reporter or a cellular gene. We observed a tight suppression in the uninduced state. However, the suppression is reversible, and transgene expression was restored at 5 ng/ml Dox. The lentiviral vectors containing the tTS-suppressive, Dox-inducible system offer a universal, inducible, and reversible transgene expression system in essentially any mammalian cell types, including human embryonic stem cells.
Pain and dermal reaction caused by injected glycerin in immunotherapy solutions (1996)

Injected glycerin produces pain that is proportional to total injected dose of glycerin, but individual variation in perceived discomfort is substantial. Total glycerin doses of less than 0.05 ml rarely produce clinically important pain.
Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectrode Array for Ultrasensitive DNA Detection (2003)

A nanoelectrode array based on vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) embedded in SiO2 is used for ultrasensitive DNA detection. Characteristic electrochemical behaviors are observed for measuring bulk and surface-immobilized redox species. Sensitivity is dramatically improved by lowering the nanotube density. Oligonucleotide probes are selectively functionalized to the open ends of nanotubes. The hybridization of subattomole DNA targets can be detected by combining such electrodes with Ru(bpy)32+ mediated guanine oxidation.
ELECTROSTATIC MECHANISMS IN AEROSOL FILTRATION BY MECHANICALLY CHARGED FABRIC MEDIA AND RELATED STUDIES (1956)

Test results are presented In which a mechanically induced electrostatic charge on certain fabrics is employed as an aid in the removal of particulate matter (atmospheric dust) from air at room temperature.The theory of mechanically induced static charges and some experimental data are presented, A so-called tribo-electric series of common fibers is developed.The electrostatic mechanism of aerosol filtration for the three most important precipitating forces is described.Tests were made on a two-stage fabric filter using a fixed fabric A, charged to one sign by contact with a moving fabric surface B, as an aerosol conditioning (charging) stage.This was followed by a moving belt of fabric B acting as the collecting stage which was charged by a moving fabric surface A, Test results show that the basic uncharged collection efficiency of the unit on atmos pheric dust can be doubled due to the mechanically induced charge at no increase in resistance to air flow.Other results show the effects of particle conditioning, filtering velocity, fabric charge, type of fiber, and humidity on efficiency.The applications of mechanically charged fabric media are discussed.
ES&T’s Best Papers of 2008 (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentNEXTES&T's Best Papers of 2008Jerald L. SchnoorCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 7, 2192Publication Date (Web):March 4, 2009Publication History Published online4 March 2009Published inissue 1 April 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es9003729https://doi.org/10.1021/es9003729editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views4434Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (43 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Environmental science Get e-Alerts
Soluble G protein of respiratory syncytial virus inhibits Toll-like receptor 3/4-mediated IFN-beta induction (2008)

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs) recognize viral RNA extrinsically by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 on the membrane and intrinsically retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) in the cytoplasm to induce type I IFNs and mDC maturation. When mDCs were treated with live or UV-irradiated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), early ( approximately 4 h) induction of IFN-beta usually occurs in other virus infections was barely observed. Live RSV subsequently replicated to activate the cytoplasmic IFN-inducing pathway leading to robust type I IFN induction. We found that RSV initial attachment to cells blocked polyI:C-mediated IFN-beta induction, and this early IFN-beta-modulating event was abrogated by antibodies against envelope proteins of RSV, demonstrating the presence of a IFN-regulatory mode by early RSV attachment to host cells. By IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) reporter analysis in HEK293 cells, polyI:C- or LPS-mediated ISRE activation was dose dependently inhibited by live and inactive RSV to a similar extent. Of the RSV envelope proteins, simultaneously expressed or exogenously added RSV G or soluble G (sG) proteins inhibited TLR3/4-mediated ISRE activation in HEK293 cells. sG proteins expressed in cells did not affect the RIG-I/MDA5 pathway but inhibited the TLR adaptor TRIF/TICAM-1 pathway for ISRE activation. Finally, extrinsically added sG protein suppressed the production of IFN-beta in mDCs. Although the molecular mechanism of this extrinsic functional mode of the RSV G glycoprotein (G protein) remains undetermined, G proteins may neutralize the fusion glycoprotein function that promotes IFN-mediated mDC modulation via TLR4 and may cause insufficient raising cell-mediated immunity against RSV.