gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and sensory evaluation of ring-substituted dihydrochalcone sweeteners (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and sensory evaluation of ring-substituted dihydrochalcone sweetenersMurray L. Whitelaw and James R. DanielCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39, 1, 44–51Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00001a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Immunologic Biomarkers for Clinical and Therapeutic Management of Psoriasis (2014)

Immune/inflammatory parameters including IL-6 and IL-22, CLA+ T cells, and Treg lymphocytes may prove to be valuable laboratory tools for the clinical and therapeutic monitoring of psoriasis.
Differential loss of striatal projection neurons in Huntington disease. (1988)

Huntington disease (HD) is characterized by the loss of striatal projection neurons, which constitute the vast majority of striatal neurons. To determine whether there is differential loss among different populations of striatal projection neurons, the integrity of the axon terminal plexuses arising from the different populations of substance P-containing and enkephalin-containing striatal projection neurons was studied in striatal target areas by immunohistochemistry. Analysis of 17 HD specimens indicated that in early and middle stages of HD, enkephalin-containing neurons projecting to the external segment of the globus pallidus were much more affected than substance P-containing neurons projecting to the internal pallidal segment. Furthermore, substance P-containing neurons projecting to the substantia nigra pars reticulata were more affected than those projecting to the substantia nigra pars compacta. At the most advanced stages of the disease, projections to all striatal target areas were depleted, with the exception of some apparent sparing of the striatal projection to the substantia nigra pars compacta. These findings may explain some of the clinical manifestations and pharmacology of HD. They also may aid in identifying the neural defect underlying HD and provide additional data with which to evaluate current models of HD pathogenesis.
A 10-BIT 100 MSAMPLESIS BICMOS D/A CONVERTER (1996)

A 10-bit 100MSampleds current-steering D/A converter (DAC) has been designed and processed in a 0.8~ BiCMOS process. The DAC is intended for applications using direct digital synthesis, and focus has been set on reducing dynamic nonlinearities to achieve a high spurious free dynamic range (SFDR') at high generated frequencies. The main part of the DAC consists of a matrix of current cells. Each current cell contains an emitter-coupled logic (ECL) flip-flop, clocked by a global ECL clock to ensure accurate clocking. A bipolar differential pair, steered by the differential output of the ECL flip-flop, is used in each current cell to steer the current. The DAC operates at 5V, and has a power consumption of 650m W. The area of the chip-core is 2.2 x 2.2. The measured integral nonlinearity (INL) and differential nonlinearity (DNL) were both approximately 2 LSB. At a generated frequency off, = 0.3% (f, = 100 MSamplesh), the measured SFDR was approximately 43dB.
Rapid prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidies by fluorescence in situ hybridization: clinical experience with 4,500 specimens. (1993)

Detection of chromosome aneuploidies in uncultured amniocytes is possible using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We herein describe the results of the first clinical program which utilized FISH for the rapid detection of chromosome aneuploidies in uncultured amniocytes. FISH was performed on physician request, as an adjunct to cytogenetics in 4,500 patients. Region-specific DNA probes to chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y were used to determine ploidy by analysis of signal number in hybridized nuclei. A sample was considered to be euploid when all autosomal probes generated two hybridization signals and when a normal sex chromosome pattern was observed in greater than or equal to 80% of hybridized nuclei. A sample was considered to be aneuploid when greater than or equal to 70% of hybridized nuclei displayed the same abnormal hybridization pattern for a specific probe. Of the attempted analyses, 90.2% met these criteria and were reported as informative to referring physicians within 2 d of receipt. Based on these reporting parameters, the overall detection rate for aneuploidies was 73.3% (107/146), with an accuracy of informative results for aneuploidies of 93.9% (107/114). Compared to cytogenetics, the accuracy of all informative FISH results, euploid and aneuploid, was 99.8%, and the specificity was 99.9%. In those pregnancies where fetal abnormalities had been observed by ultrasound, referring physicians requested FISH plus cytogenetics at a significantly higher rate than they requested cytogenetics alone. The current prenatal FISH protocol is not designed to detect all chromosome abnormalities and should only be utilized as an adjunctive test to cytogenetics. This experience demonstrates that FISH can provide a rapid and accurate clinical method for prenatal identification of chromosome aneuploidies.
New and More Potent Antifungal Disulfides (2000)

From a design principle described in an earlier paper, a new series of substituted aryl methyl disulfides have been prepared and tested against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus . Methyl p -nitrophenyl disulfide is more potent (by an order of magnitude) than the fungitoxic natural product (CH3SCH2S)2. With the present rationale in hand, one can anticipate which Polycarpamine is an effective antifungal agent.
Erythropoietin: Physiologic and Pharmacologic Aspects (1997)

The purpose of this review is to give an update of the recent progress in research on erythropoietin (Epo), the hormone that regulates red blood cell production. Epo is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of approx 30 kDa, which circulates in plasma of the human with 165 amino acids with three N-linked and one O-linked acidic oligosaccharide side chains in the molecule. Both the alpha (39% CHO) and beta (24% CHO) forms are available for clinical use, and there does not appear to be any difference in the pharmacokinetics of these two forms of Epo. Radioimmunoassays and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant (ELISA) assays are available in a kit form. Serum levels of Epo in normal human subjects range between 1 and 27 mmu/ml or approx 5 pmol/l. It seems clear that the cells in the adult mammalian kidney which produce Epo are the interstitial cells in the peritubular capillary bed and the perivenous hepatocytes in the liver. Expression of the human Epo gene sequences that direct expression in the kidney are located 6-14 kilobases 5' to the gene; whereas the sequences that control hepatocyte-specific expression are located within 0.7 KS to the 3'-flanking region and 0.5 KS to the 5'-flanking region. The signal transduction pathways postulated to be involved in the expression of Epo are: kinases A, G and C; both a constitutive factor and a second hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) located in the 5' end of an hypoxia inducible enhancer region of the Epo gene; and reactive oxygen species. The primary target cell in the bone marrow acted on by Epo is the colony-forming unit erythroid (CFU-E) which has the highest number of Epo receptors. It has been postulated that Epo decreases the rate which Epo-dependent progenitor cells undergo programed cell death (apoptosis). There are two major signal transduction pathways activated by the Epo receptor: the JAK2-STAT5 pathway and the ras pathway. Both pathways involve tyrosine phosphorylation. The approved clinical uses of Epo are the anemias associated with end-stage renal disease, cancer chemotherapeutic agents, and patients with HIV infection receiving AZT. Other anemias reported to respond to Epo therapy are anemia of prematurity, rheumatoid arthritis, and myelodysplasia. Other uses of Epo under investigation are in perioperative surgery and preoperative autologous blood donation.
Metabolic engineering of Klebsiella oxytoca M5A1 for ethanol production from xylose and glucose (1991)

The efficient diversion of pyruvate from normal fermentative pathways to ethanol production in Klebsiella oxytoca M5A1 requires the expression of Zymomonas mobilis genes encoding both pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Final ethanol concentrations obtained with the best recombinant, strain M5A1 (pLOI555), were in excess of 40 g/liter with an efficiency of 0.48 g of ethanol (xylose) and 0.50 g of ethanol (glucose) per g of sugar, as compared with a theoretical maximum of 0.51 g of ethanol per g of sugar. The maximal volumetric productivity per hour for both sugars was 2.0 g/liter. This volumetric productivity with xylose is almost twice that previously obtained with ethanologenic Escherichia coli. Succinate was also produced as a minor product during fermentation.
Negative Inotropic Effects of Cytokines on the Heart Mediated by Nitric Oxide (1992)

The direct effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the contractility of mammalian heart were studied. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-2 inhibited contractility of isolated hamster papillary muscles in a concentration-dependent, reversible manner. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) blocked these negative inotropic effects. L-Arginine reversed the inhibition by L-NMMA. Removal of the endocardial endothelium did not alter these responses. These findings demonstrate that the direct negative inotropic effect of cytokines is mediated through a myocardial nitric oxide synthase. The regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and myocardial nitric oxide synthase may provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cardiac disease.
Bcl-XL is qualitatively different from and ten times more effective than Bcl-2 when expressed in a breast cancer cell line (2006)

When examined in the same cellular context, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL differ substantially in the potency with which they inhibit apoptosis, mediated in part by differences in the inhibition of specific subcellular pathways.
PGC-1α Determines Light Damage Susceptibility of the Murine Retina (2012)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) proteins are key regulators of cellular bioenergetics and are accordingly expressed in tissues with a high energetic demand. For example, PGC-1α and PGC-1β control organ function of brown adipose tissue, heart, brain, liver and skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, despite their prominent role in the control of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism, expression and function of the PGC-1 coactivators in the retina, an organ with one of the highest energy demands per tissue weight, are completely unknown. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms that coordinate energy production with repair processes in the damaged retina remain enigmatic. In the present study, we thus investigated the expression and function of the PGC-1 coactivators in the healthy and the damaged retina. We show that PGC-1α and PGC-1β are found at high levels in different structures of the mouse retina, most prominently in the photoreceptors. Furthermore, PGC-1α knockout mice suffer from a striking deterioration in retinal morphology and function upon detrimental light exposure. Gene expression studies revealed dysregulation of all major pathways involved in retinal damage and apoptosis, repair and renewal in the PGC-1α knockouts. The light-induced increase in apoptosis in vivo in the absence of PGC-1α was substantiated in vitro, where overexpression of PGC-1α evoked strong anti-apoptotic effects. Finally, we found that retinal levels of PGC-1 expression are reduced in different mouse models for retinitis pigmentosa. We demonstrate that PGC-1α is a central coordinator of energy production and, importantly, all of the major processes involved in retinal damage and subsequent repair. Together with the observed dysregulation of PGC-1α and PGC-1β in retinitis pigmentosa mouse models, these findings thus imply that PGC-1α might be an attractive target for therapeutic approaches aimed at retinal degeneration diseases.
The Smart Targeting of Nanoparticles (2013)

One major challenge in nanomedicine is the selective delivery of nanoparticles to diseased tissues. Nanoparticle delivery systems require targeting for specific delivery to pathogenic sites when enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) is not suitable or inefficient. Nanoparticle functionalization is a widely-used technique for targeting ligand conjugation; these ligands possess inherent abilities to direct nanoparticle selective binding. This review illustrates methods of ligand-nanoparticle functionalization, provides a cross-section of various ligand classes, including small molecules, peptides, antibodies, engineered proteins, or nucleic acid aptamers, and discusses some unconventional approaches currently under investigation.
Technique for Fast Measurement of Gaussian Laser Beam Parameters (1971)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. A. Arnaud, W. M. Hubbard, G. D. Mandeville, B. de la Clavière, E. A. Franke, and J. M. Franke, "Technique for Fast Measurement of Gaussian Laser Beam Parameters," Appl. Opt. 10, 2775-2776 (1971) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Mechanical Behavior of Fiber‐Reinforced Cement‐Based Composites (1991)

The use of fibers in a cement‐based matrix can fundamentally improve its mechanical properties. Such improvement may lead to a new class of cement‐based materials. Further developments depend on an understanding of the interaction between different fibers and cement‐based matrices. The current knowledge on the mechanical behavior of fiber‐reinforced cement‐based composites is summarized. Toughening mechanisms, interface properties, and tensile response of fiber‐reinforced cement‐based composites are presented. Various theoretical approaches used to describe the mechanical behavior of fiber‐reinforced composites are reviewed.
Expression and growth inhibitory effect of decapentaplegic Vg-related protein 6: evidence for a regulatory role in keratinocyte differentiation. (1994)

Decapentaplegic Vg-related protein 6 (DVR-6 or bone morphogenetic protein BMP-6) is a member of the DVR subgroup of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, a large group of multifunctional signaling polypeptides that are expressed as secreted disulfide-bonded dimers proteolytically cleaved from larger precursors. The predominant expression of DVR-6 in the differentiating postmitotic layers of stratified squamous epithelia strongly suggests a role for DVR-6 in regulation of epithelial differentiation. In primary mouse keratinocytes induced to differentiate by suspension culture in methylcellulose, new expression of DVR-6 mRNA and protein was detected within 8 h among a majority of the suspended cells, which preceded the induction of expression of the suprabasal keratins K1 and K10. To test the hypothesis that DVR-6 is a keratinocyte growth regulatory factor, a retroviral expression vector expressing human DVR-6 was used to infect attached cultures of undifferentiated basal cells. Expression of DVR-6 in primary mouse keratinocytes before differentiation resulted in the secretion of prepro and processed (pro region) forms in the conditioned medium and a dramatic inhibition of cell growth. These findings suggest that inhibition of cell growth by DVR-6 may be a primary step in keratinocyte differentiation.
Efficacy and Safety of Vamorolone in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2022)

Vamorolone is a synthetic steroidal drug with potent anti-inflammatory properties. Initial open-label, multiple ascending dose-finding studies of vamorolone among boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) found significant motor function improvement after 6 months treatment in higher-dose (ie, 2.0 mg/kg/d) groups. OBJECTIVE To investigate outcomes after 30 months of open-label vamorolone treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted by the Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group at 11 US and non-US study sites. Participants were 46 boys ages 4.5 to 7.5 years with DMD who completed the 6-month dose-finding study. Data were analyzed from July 2020 through November 2021. INTERVENTIONS Participants were enrolled in a 24-month, long-term extension (LTE) study with vamorolone dose escalated to 2.0 or 6.0 mg/kg/d. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Change in time-to-stand (TTSTAND) velocity from dosefinding baseline to end of LTE study was the primary outcome. Efficacy assessments included timed function tests, 6-minute walk test, and NorthStar Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA). Participants with DMD treated with glucocorticoids from the Duchenne Natural History Study (DNHS) and NorthStar United Kingdom (NSUK) Network were matched and compared with participants in the LTE study receiving higher doses of vamorolone. RESULTS Among 46 boys with DMD who completed the dose-finding study, 41 boys (mean [SD]
Trusted Principal-Hosted Certificate Revocation (2011)

Public Key Infrastructure is a key infrastructure for secure and trusted communication on the Internet. This paper revisits the problem of providing timely certificate revocation focusing on the needs of mobile devices. We survey existing schemes then present a new approach where the principal’s server functions as the directory for its own revocation information. We evaluate the properties and trust requirements in this approach, and propose two new schemes, CREV-I and CREV-II, which meet the security requirements and performance goals. Evaluation of CREV shows it is more lightweight on the verifier and more scalable at the CA and the principals while providing near real-time revocation.
Short-term alterations in carbohydrate energy intake in humans. Striking effects on hepatic glucose production, de novo lipogenesis, lipolysis, and whole-body fuel selection. (1995)

Short-term alterations in dietary carbohydrate (CHO) energy are known to alter whole-body fuel selection in humans, but the metabolic mechanisms remain unknown. We used stable isotope-mass spectrometric methods with indirect calorimetry in normal subjects to quantify the metabolic response to six dietary phases (5 d each), ranging from 50% surplus CHO (+50% CHO) to 50% deficient CHO (-50% CHO), and 50% surplus fat (+50% fat). Fasting hepatic glucose production (HGP) varied by > 40% from deficient to surplus CHO diets (1.78 +/- 0.08 vs 2.43 +/- 0.09 mg/kg per min, P < 0.01). Increased HGP on surplus CHO occurred despite significantly higher serum insulin concentrations. Lipolysis correlated inversely with CHO intake as did the proportion of whole-body lipolytic flux oxidized. Fractional de novo hepatic lipogenesis (DNL) increased more than 10-fold on surplus CHO and was unmeasurable on deficient CHO diets; thus, the preceding 5-d CHO intake could be inferred from DNL. Nevertheless, absolute hepatic DNL accounted for < 5g fatty acids synthesized per day even on +50% CHO. Whole-body CHO oxidation increased sixfold and fat oxidation decreased > 90% on surplus CHO diets. CHO oxidation was highly correlated with HGP (r2= 0.60). HGP could account for 85% of fasting CHO oxidation on +25% CHO and 67% on +50% CHO diets. Some oxidation of intracellular CHO stores was therefore also occurring. +50% fat diet had no effects on HGP, DNL, or fuel selection. We conclude that altered CHO intake alters HGP specifically and in a dose-dependent manner, that HGP may mediate the effects of CHO on whole-body fuel selection both by providing substrate and by altering serum insulin concentrations, that altered lipolysis and tissue oxidation efficiency contribute to changes in fat oxidation, and that surplus CHO is not substantially converted by the liver to fat as it spares fat oxidation, but that fractional DNL may nevertheless be a qualitative marker of recent CHO intake.
Localization of Bacterial DNA Polymerase: Evidence for a Factory Model of Replication (1998)

Two general models have been proposed for DNA replication. In one model, DNA polymerase moves along the DNA (like a train on a track); in the other model, the polymerase is stationary (like a factory), and DNA is pulled through. To distinguish between these models, we visualized DNA polymerase of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis in living cells by the creation of a fusion protein containing the catalytic subunit (PolC) and green fluorescent protein (GFP). PolC-GFP was localized at discrete intracellular positions, predominantly at or near midcell, rather than being distributed randomly. These results suggest that the polymerase is anchored in place and thus support the model in which the DNA template moves through the polymerase.
A System for Searching Sound Palettes (2008)

Like painters selecting hues from color palettes, sound artists and composers choose from palettes of available sounds. Their choices become part of plays, films, radio and television programs, songs, animations, and games. FindSounds Palette is an audio retrieval system designed to facilitate this creative process. Local audio files, and audio files on the Web, are searched by text description and sonic similarity. Sounds produced by changing the speed of audio recordings can also be searched, which multiplies the size of the palettes. Waveform displays, colored to represent frequency information, facilitate audio editing and serve as visual thumbnails in query results.
A New Method of Amplifying with High Efficiency a Carrier Wave Modulated in Amplitude by a Voice Wave (1946)

This paper describes a new high-efficiency amplifier circuit with a quantitative analysis of its operation. This circuit operates by dividing the wave in several sections, amplifying each section separately and recombining the sections in the output to produce a larger wave of the original form. The circuit has special application to controlled-carrier systems and relatively high efficiencies are obtained, the companson with conventional arrangements being most favorable at low modulation levels.