gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activator Center in Magnesium Fluorogermanate Phosphors (1960)

The Mn4+ center in mainly octahedral symmetry has been studied in magnesium fluorogermanate phosphors. Emission and absorption spectra and the temperature dependence of various parameters have been evaluated. Absorption takes place from the 4A2 ground state into the 4F2, 4F1, and higher excited states whereas both emission bands, which lie in the red region of the spectrum, correspond to transitions from the split 4F2 state to the ground state. Electrons in 4F1 and higher quartet states decay nonradiatively into the 4F2 state. The crystal field parameters Dq for the absorption and emission are 2400 and 1600 cm—1, respectively. The electronic and vibrational structure, the temperature dependence and kinetics of emission can be explained by a configurational (normal) coordinate diagram. This coordinate is associated with the distortions from octahedral symmetry and is thus different from that associated with the octahedral crystal field parameter Dq.
A filosofia da educação no Quebec: quais são os grandes nomes da educação no Quebec? (2011)

This report is a reflection concerning the Quebec educational system and studious persons of this region of Canada that have much to contribute with the educ...
Establishment of a Cell-Free System of Neuronal Apoptosis: Comparison of Premitochondrial, Mitochondrial, and Postmitochondrial Phases (1997)

Apoptosis is a fundamental process required for normal development of the nervous system and is triggered during neurodegenerative disease. To dissect the molecular events leading to neuronal cell death, we have developed a cell-free model of neuronal apoptosis. The model faithfully reproduces key elements of apoptosis, including chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, caspase activation/processing, and selective substrate cleavage. We report that cell-free apoptosis is activated in premitochondrial, mitochondrial, and postmitochondrial phases by tamoxifen, mastoparan, and cytochrome c, respectively, allowing a functional ordering of these proapoptotic modulators. Furthermore, this is the first report of mitochondrial-mediated activation of cell-free apoptosis in a cell extract. Although Bcl-2 blocks activation at the premitochondrial and mitochondrial levels, it does not affect the postmitochondrial level. The cell-free system described here provides a valuable tool to elucidate the molecular events leading to neuronal cell death.
GFAP expression in the liver as an early marker of stellate cells activation. (2006)

The activation of hepatic stellate cells is the conversion of quiescent cells into proliferative, contractile, and fibrogenic myofibroblasts. The alpha-smooth muscle actin is a well known marker of hepatic stellate cells activation. On the other hand, the Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein expression is a key step in the astrocytes differentiation and constitutes the hallmark response of astrocytes to injury. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein expression was reported in quiescent stellate cells in vivo, with an increased expression in the acute response to injury in the rat, and a down-regulation in the chronic one. This study aims to evaluate the morphologic characteristics, distribution and percentage of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein expressing cells in normal and injured human livers. Human liver biopsies (n=32) were divided in three groups: 1) donors liver; 2) chronic hepatitis C-virus related; 3) post-viral hepatitis cirrhosis. Samples were immunostained with anti- alpha-smooth muscle actin and anti- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein antibody. Subsequently they were semi-quantitatively evaluated. Liver fibrosis was quantified by morphometric analysis. In chronic hepatitis livers and in the cirrhotic ones, hepatic stellate cells became larger with long cytoplasmic processes. The alpha-smooth muscle actin -positive stellate cells increase and expand from areas of piecemeal necrosis to the entire residual parenchyma with the progression of the fibrosis. By contrast Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein-positive stellate cells are more evenly distributed in the earlier stages and confined to the periphery of the hepatic lobule in the advanced ones. Also some endothelial cells were Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein positive in vessels of the expanding septa and at the edges of cirrhotic nodules. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein expression in the liver is probably linked to the fine modulation of the cytoskeleton during the formation of cytoplasmic processes in both stellate cells and endothelial cells. In the latter Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein expression might be related to the remodelling of the vascular bed that occurs during the response to injuries. Otherwise in hepatic stellate cells it seems to be a marker related with the acquisition of contractile properties in a subpopulation more closely associated with precocious stages of the fibrosis.
X-ray Crystal Structure of the Hypothetical Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase MDP-1 of the Haloacid Dehalogenase Superfamily, (2004)

The haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily is comprised of structurally homologous enzymes that share several conserved sequence motifs (loops I-IV) in their active site. The majority of HAD members are phosphohydrolases and may be divided into three subclasses depending on domain organization. In classes I and II, a mobile "cap" domain reorients upon substrate binding, closing the active site to bulk solvent. Members of the third class lack this additional domain. Herein, we report the 1.9 A X-ray crystal structures of a member of the third subclass, magnesium-dependent phosphatase-1 (MDP-1) both in its unliganded form and with the product analogue, tungstate, bound to the active site. The secondary structure of MDP-1 is similar to that of the "core" domain of other type I and type II HAD members with the addition of a small, 28-amino acid insert that does not close down to exclude bulk solvent in the presence of ligand. In addition, the monomeric oligomeric state of MDP-1 does not allow the participation of a second subunit in the formation and solvent protection of the active site. The binding sites for the phosphate portion of the substrate and Mg(II) cofactor are also similar to those of other HAD members, with all previously observed contacts conserved. Unlike other subclass III HAD members, MDP-1 appears to be equally able to dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine and closed-ring phosphosugars. Modeling of possible substrates in the active site of MDP-1 reveals very few potential interactions with the substrate leaving group. The mapping of conserved residues in sequences of MDP-1 from different eukaryotic organisms reveals that they colocalize to a large region on the surface of the protein outside the active site. This observation combined with the modeling studies suggests that the target of MDP-1 is most likely a phosphotyrosine in an unknown protein rather than a small sugar-based substrate.
The Pathogenicity of Bacillus anthracis Lysogenic with Mutants of Phage W (1962)

SUMMARY: Mutants of phage W with diverse virulence were used to lysogenize naturally occurring strains of Bacillus anthracis and their non-capsulogenic derivates. The temperate mutant β readily established itself as a prophage in both sporogenous and non-sporogenous strains of B. anthracis. Strains carrying β-prophage were stable, capable of giving rise to colonies, and their multiplication was not impaired in the mouse. Thus, the virulence of capsulogenic strains, lysogenic for phage β, was not diminished. A less temperate mutant of phage W, phage α, was not capable of lysogenizing an atypical asporogenous strain of B. anthracis, but formed more or less stable complexes with sporogenous strains. The stability of spores carrying phage genome α covered a wide range. Most of such spores did not give rise to colonies after germination but instead formed plaques. In some spores, however, phage α established itself as prophage so that stable lysogenic bacteria could be obtained under certain conditions. Spores of both capsulogenic and non-capsulogenic strains of B. anthracis lysogenic for phage α formed the same number of either plaques or colonies when plated on a sensitive indicator strain or spread on agar surface. When, however, the spores were spread on agar containing 0.025 M-sodium bicarbonate and the plates incubated at a high partial pressure of CO2, then phage development in the lysogenic spores was induced. Hence, under these conditions, the lysogenic spores did not give rise to colonies but lysed and liberated phage. A small proportion of capsulogenic spores carrying prophage α threw off non-lysogenic segregants which gave rise to mucoid colonies in CO2. These mucoid colonies consisted of encapsulated bacteria which probably remained non-lysogenic because their capsules prevented re-infection during their growth. Capsulogenic strains carrying prophage α were markedly less virulent in the mouse and this may be explained by induction of α-prophage by high CO2 tension in the animal body. This competition between prophage induction and capsule formation, both of which were induced by high CO2 tension, explains the apparent diminution of the virulence of strains of B. anthracis lysogenic for α-phage.
Sherris Medical Microbiology (2003)

Preface Acknowledgments Part I: The Nature of Infection Section 1. Key Issues in Hospital Medicine Section 2. Patient Safety Section 3. Quality Improvement Section 4. Leadership and Practice Management Skills Section 5. Professionalism and Medical Ethics Section 6. Medical Legal Issues and Risk Management Section 7. Teaching and Development Part II: Medical Consultation and Co-Management Section 1. Core Tenets of Medical Consultation Section 2. Key Issues Relating to Surgery Section 3. Anesthesia Section 4. Perioperative Assessment and Management Section 5. Perioperative Antithrombotic Management and Prevention Section 6. Medical Management of Neurosurgical Patients Section 7. Medical Management of Orthopedic Surgery Patients Section 8. Bariatric Surgery Part III: Clinical Problem-Solving in Hospital Medicine Part IV: Approach to the Patient at the Bedside Part V: Hospitalist Skills Section 1. Interpretation of Common Tests Section 2. Optimizing Utilization of Radiology Services Section 3. Procedures Part VI: Clinical Conditions Section 1. Emergency Medicine Section 2. Cardiovascular Medicine Section 3. Critical Care Section 4. Dermatology Section 5. Endocrinology Section 6. Gastroenterology Section 7. Geriatrics Section 8. Hematology Section 9. Oncology Section 10. Infectious Diseases Section 11. Neurology Section 12. Palliative Care Section 13. Pregnancy Section 14. Psychiatry Section 15. Addiction Section 16. Pulmonary and Allergy Immonology Section 17. Renal Section 18. Rheumatology Section 19. Vascular Medicine Section 20. Wartime Medicine Index
Cloning and disruption of Ustilago maydis genes. (1989)

We have demonstrated that genes from Ustilago maydis can be cloned by direct complementation of mutants through the use of genomic libraries made in a high-frequency transformation vector. We isolated a gene involved in amino acid biosynthesis as an illustrative example and showed that integrative and one-step disruption methods can be used to create null mutations in the chromosomal copy of the gene by homologous recombination. The results of this investigation make it clear that one-step gene disruption will be of general utility in investigations of U. maydis, since simple, precise replacement of the sequence under study was readily achieved.
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase Is a Stress Response Protein Regulated by the Heat Shock Factor/Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α Pathway (2011)

Stress responses are cellular processes essential for maintenance of cellular integrity and defense against environmental and intracellular insults. Neurodegenerative conditions are linked with inadequate stress responses. Several stress-responsive genes encoding neuroprotective proteins have been identified, and among them, the heat shock proteins comprise an important group of molecular chaperones that have neuroprotective functions. However, evidence for other critical stress-responsive genes is lacking. Recent studies on the NAD synthesis enzyme nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) have uncovered a novel neuronal maintenance and protective function against activity-, injury-, or misfolded protein-induced degeneration in Drosophila and in mammalian neurons. Here, we show that NMNAT is also a novel stress response protein required for thermotolerance and mitigation of oxidative stress-induced shortened lifespan. NMNAT is transcriptionally regulated during various stress conditions including heat shock and hypoxia through heat shock factor (HSF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in vivo. HSF binds to nmnat promoter and induces NMNAT expression under heat shock. In contrast, under hypoxia, HIF1α up-regulates NMNAT indirectly through the induction of HSF. Our studies provide an in vivo mechanism for transcriptional regulation of NMNAT under stress and establish an essential role for this neuroprotective factor in cellular stress response.
[LIM protein KyoT2 interacts with human tight junction protein ZO-2-i3]. (2002)

It was reported that LIM protein KyoT2 negatively regulated transcription by association with the RBP-J DNA-binding protein. Using yeast two-hybrid system with LIM protein KyoT2 as a bait, we have isolated an alternatively spliced form of human tight junction protein 2--ZO-2-i3. Sequence analysis indicated that ZO-2-i3 is composed of 19 exons, and selected usage of exons led to an alteration in the region following the kinase domain as compared with the published sequence. To identify the interaction between LIM protein KyoT2 and ZO-2-i3, yeast two-hybrid system, purification of KyoT2 protein, and GST pull-down assay were performed in the experiments. After KyoT2 and ZO-2-i3 changed vectors, positive two-hybrid yeast was obtained. Using KyoT2 protein and antibody in GST pull-down assay positive result was also obtained. Therefore we conformed KyoT2 interacted ZO-2-i3 in vitro. Furthermore it was identified in yeast that KyoT2 associated with ZO-2-i3 through its LIM2 domain.
Advanced porous membranes with ultra-high selectivity and stability for vanadium flow batteries (2015)

Advanced porous membranes combining ultra-high stability and selectivity with very low cost are designed and fabricated for vanadium flow batteries.
Antibody Fragments in Tumor Pretargeting. Evaluation of Biotinylated Fab‘ Colocalization with Recombinant Streptavidin and Avidin (1996)

An evaluation of the use of a biotinylated monoclonal antibody Fab' fragment in tumor pretargeting was conducted. As a model system, tumor colocalization of avidin or recombinant streptavidin (r-streptavidin) and the biotinylated Fab' fragment (Fab'-S-biotin) of A6H, an antirenal cell carcinoma antibody, was evaluated in athymic mice bearing human renal cell carcinoma xenografts. A new water soluble sulfhydryl reactive biotinylation reagent, N-(13-N-maleimdo-4, 7,10-trioxatridecanyl)-biotinamide, was synthesized and used for biotinylation of Fab'. A biodistribution of ChT-labeled A6H Fab'-S-biotin was conducted. Data from that distribution indicated that the Fab'-S-biotin localized well (i.e. 28% ID/g at 24 h) to human tumor xenografts in athymic mice. Subsequently, a biodistribution study involving pretargeting radioiodinated A6H Fab'-S-biotin to tumor xenografts, followed by administration of r-streptavidin at 4 or 20 h, was conducted. Specific colocalization of r-streptavidin to tumors containing the A6H Fab'-S-biotin was evident from the data obtained. In a similar biodistribution study, specific colocalization of avidin to tumors pretargeted with A6H Fab'-S-biotin was also observed. The avidin used in the study was radioiodinated with the N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester of p-[125I]iodobenzoate ([125I]PIB-NHS). Very low concentrations (e.g. 0.35% ID/g) of avidin colocalized at the tumor. To further show that specific colocalization within the tumor xenografts had occurred with biotinylated A6H Fab', radioiodinated avidin and r-streptavidin were co-injected into athymic mice bearing tumor xenografts to obtain their distributions without having biotinylated Fab' present. At 20 h postinjection, only small differences in the blood and tumor concentrations of either protein were observed, indicating that the specific tumor colocalization seen in the previous two biodistributions must have been due to the presence of Fab'-S-biotin. Calculations were conducted to estimate how much r-streptavidin (as a molar ratio) was colocalized. From the data obtained it was estimated that 36-61% of the tumor-localized Fab'-S-biotin molecules were bound with r-streptavidin and 4-23% bound with avidin, under the conditions studied.
TLE3 as a candidate biomarker of response to taxane therapy (2009)

TLE3 staining is associated with improved DFI in T-treated patients in two independent cohorts. Since the validation study was performed in a TN cohort, TLE3 is not serving as a surrogate for estrogen receptor or HER2 expression. TLE3 should be studied in large clinical trial cohorts to establish its role in T chemotherapy selection.
Differential regulation of mRNAs for nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin 3 in the adult rat brain following cerebral ischemia and hypoglycemic coma. (1992)

In situ hybridization was used to study expression of mRNAs for members of the nerve growth factor (NGF) family in the rat brain after 2 and 10 min of forebrain ischemia and 1 and 30 min of insulin-induced hypoglycemic coma. Two hours after the ischemic insults, the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA was markedly increased in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus, and at 24 h it was still significantly elevated. NGF mRNA showed a pronounced increase 4 h after 2 min of ischemia but had returned to a control level at 24 h. Both 2 and 10 min of ischemia caused a clear reduction of the level of mRNA for neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) in the dentate granule cells and in regions CA2 and medial CA1 of the hippocampus 2 and 4 h after the insults. The increase of BDNF mRNA could be partially blocked by the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist NBQX but was not influenced by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801. Both NBQX and MK-801 attenuated the decrease of NT-3 mRNA after ischemia. One and 30 min of hypoglycemic coma also induced marked increases in BDNF and NGF mRNA in dentate granule cells with maximal levels at 2 h. If the changes of mRNA expression lead to alterations in the relative availability of neurotrophic factors, this could influence functional outcome and neuronal necrosis following ischemic and hypoglycemic insults.
Studies on New Zealand marine natural products (1999)

The halichondrins, isolated from the Kaikoura sponge Lissodendoryx sp., are a series of polyether macrolides displaying potent in vivo antitumour activity. As such, they represent important leads as potential anticancer drugs. This research was focused on methodology that would enhance and complement the progress of halichondrins toward clinical trials. A method was established for transforming 53-methoxyneoisohomohalichondrin B, an artefact of the methanol extraction method, to the more useful isohomohalichondrin B. A by-product of this acid treatment was identified as the C38 epimer of isohomohalichondrin B. The equilibrium character of the C38 epimerisation was studied. The production of halichondrins by aquacultured Lissodendoryx sp. has been confirmed. Haptens presenting the macrocyclic portion of the halichondrins were produced using three different linkers PMPI, PMSI and EMCR. The chemistry required to selectively oxidise the C26 methylene was established. A polymer drug conjugate incorporating a halichondrin species has been prepared. This required the modification of homohalichondrin B to form an amino halichondrin.
Self-renewal of CD133hi cells by IL6/Notch3 signalling regulates endocrine resistance in metastatic breast cancer (2016)

The mechanisms of metastatic progression from hormonal therapy (HT) are largely unknown in luminal breast cancer. Here we demonstrate the enrichment of CD133(hi)/ER(lo) cancer cells in clinical specimens following neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and in HT refractory metastatic disease. We develop experimental models of metastatic luminal breast cancer and demonstrate that HT can promote the generation of HT-resistant, self-renewing CD133(hi)/ER(lo)/IL6(hi) cancer stem cells (CSCs). HT initially abrogates oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generating self-renewal-deficient cancer cells, CD133(hi)/ER(lo)/OXPHOS(lo). These cells exit metabolic dormancy via an IL6-driven feed-forward ER(lo)-IL6(hi)-Notch(hi) loop, activating OXPHOS, in the absence of ER activity. The inhibition of IL6R/IL6-Notch pathways switches the self-renewal of CD133(hi) CSCs, from an IL6/Notch-dependent one to an ER-dependent one, through the re-expression of ER. Thus, HT induces an OXPHOS metabolic editing of luminal breast cancers, paradoxically establishing HT-driven self-renewal of dormant CD133(hi)/ER(lo) cells mediating metastatic progression, which is sensitive to dual targeted therapy.
A Novel Combined Frequency-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy System (2014)

Frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FDNIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) use near-infrared light to quantify static and dynamic properties of brain tissue. We present a novel FDNIRS-DCS system and characterize its performance.
Effect of a trivalent vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus mastitis lymphocyte subpopulations, antibody production, and neutrophil phagocytosis. (2005)

The effect of a novel bovine mastitis trivalent vaccine, containing Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharide type 5 (T5), 8 (T8), and 336 (T336), on lymphocyte subpopulations, antibody production, and neutrophil phagocytosis was evaluated. Twenty pregnant heifers were immunized with either the trivalent alone, trivalent emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FICA), trivalent in aluminum hydroxide, or adjuvant only (FICA). Immunization was done 30 d before the expected calving date followed by 2 boosts in a 2-week interval. Compared to FICA, serum antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 and IgG2 were significantly increased in all the vaccinated groups before parturition and sustained until 3 wk postpartum. In comparison with the trivalent alone, formulation with either adjuvant enhanced production of IgG2, but not IgG1. Immune sera, which contained the highest amount of antibodies, slightly increased neutrophil phagocytosis to the 3 serotypes of killed S. aureus, but most of the differences were not significant due to large variation between the cows. The percentage of CD4+ lymphocyte was significantly higher in vaccinated groups than that of FICA 4 wk after the primary immunization. In comparison with FICA, cows inoculated with trivalent vaccine and adjuvants had an increased percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes at 2 time points, 2 wk before and after calving. Our results indicated that the whole cell trivalent vaccine, with or without adjuvants, is able to elicit antibody responses specific to the 3 capsular polysaccharide antigens. The increase of T8-specific IgG2 was more noticeable when the vaccine was emulsified with adjuvants.