gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon in Synthesis. 10. The (Trimethylsilyl)allyl Anion: A .beta.-Acyl Anion Equivalent for the Conversion of Aldehydes and Ketones into .gamma.-Lactones (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilicon in Synthesis. 10. The (Trimethylsilyl)allyl Anion: A .beta.-Acyl Anion Equivalent for the Conversion of Aldehydes and Ketones into .gamma.-LactonesEd Ehlinger and Phillip MagnusCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 15, 5004–5011Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online13 May 2003Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00535a600https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00535a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views795Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The dendritic cell-derived protein DC-STAMP is highly conserved and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (2004)

Recently, we described the molecular identification of dendritic cell-specific TrAnsMembrane protein (DC-STAMP), a multimembrane-spanning protein preferentially expressed by human DC (hDC). In this report, we describe the identification and expression profile of the murine homologue of DC-STAMP (mDC-STAMP) as well as the characterization of the DC-STAMP protein. The results demonstrate that mDC-STAMP is over 90% homologous to hDC-STAMP and is also preferentially expressed by DC in vitro and ex vivo. mDC-STAMP expression is enhanced by interleukin-4 and down-regulated upon DC maturation. Analysis of differently tagged DC-STAMP proteins further demonstrates that hDC-STAMP and mDC-STAMP are glycosylated and primarily localize to an intracellular compartment. Applying confocal microscopy and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that hDC-STAMP localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells as well as hDC transduced with an adenovirus encoding hDC-STAMP-green fluorescent protein fusion protein. These data imply that DC-STAMP may exert its effect in the ER.
Long-Term Control of HIV by CCR5 Delta32/Delta32 Stem-Cell Transplantation (2009)

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the presence of a CD4 receptor and a chemokine receptor, principally chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). Homozygosity for a 32-bp deletion in the CCR5 allele provides resistance against HIV-1 acquisition. We transplanted stem cells from a donor who was homozygous for CCR5 delta32 in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia and HIV-1 infection. The patient remained without viral rebound 20 months after transplantation and discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. This outcome demonstrates the critical role CCR5 plays in maintaining HIV-1 infection.
Angiotensinogen and Kininogen: Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Cdnas (1983)

The primary structures of the angiotensinogen precursor and the low molecular weight (LMW) kininogen precursors have been deduced by determining the nucleotide sequences of cloned DNAs complementary to their mRNAs. The angiotensinogen precursor consists of a mature angiotensinogen of 453 amino acid residues and a putative signal peptide of 24 amino acid residues. An angiotensin moiety is located at the amino-terminal part of angiotensinogen, preceded directly by the signal peptide and followed by a large carboxyl-terminal sequence that contains two internally homologous sequences and three potential glycosylation sites. The LMW kininogen precursors are encoded by two very similar but distinct mRNAs and composed of 436 and 434 amino acid residues. Both kininogens contain two internally homologous sequences in which all amino acid differences between the two kininogens are located. This suggests that these homologous regions may be biologically significant in relation to the existence of two LMW kininogens.
An efficient PE-ALD process for TiO2 thin films employing a new Ti-precursor (2016)

A new Ti-precursor for low-temperature PE-ALD of titanium dioxide thin films as gas barrier layers on polymer substrates.
Allosteric Modulators for mGlu Receptors (2007)

The metabotropic glutamate receptor family comprises eight subtypes (mGlu1-8) of G-protein coupled receptors. mGlu receptors have a large extracellular domain which acts as recognition domain for the natural agonist glutamate. In contrast to the ionotropic glutamate receptors which mediate the fast excitatory neurotransmission, mGlu receptors have been shown to play a more modulatory role and have been proposed as alternative targets for pharmacological interventions. The potential use of mGluRs as drug targets for various nervous system pathologies such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, pain or Parkinson's disease has triggered an intense search for subtype selective modulators and resulted in the identification of numerous novel pharmacological agents capable to modulate the receptor activity through an interaction at an allosteric site located in the transmembrane domain. The present review presents the most recent developments in the identification and the characterization of allosteric modulators for the mGlu receptors.
The Gemini System Interconnect (2010)

The Gemini System Interconnect is a new network for Cray’s supercomputer systems. It provides improved network functionality, latency and issue rate. Latency is reduced with OS bypass for sends and direct user completion notification on receives. Atomic memory operations support the construction of fast synchronization and reduction primitives.
Angiotensin-(1–7) binds to specific receptors on cardiac fibroblasts to initiate antifibrotic and antitrophic effects (2005)

ANG-(1-7) improves the function of the remodeling heart. Although this peptide is generated directly within the myocardium, the effects of ANG-(1-7) on cardiac fibroblasts that play a critical role in cardiac remodeling are largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that specific binding of ANG-(1-7) to cardiac fibroblasts regulates cellular functions that are involved in cardiac remodeling. 125I-labeled ANG-(1-7) binding assays identified specific binding sites of ANG-(1-7) on adult rat cardiac fibroblasts (ARCFs) with an affinity of 11.3 nM and a density of 131 fmol/mg protein. At nanomolar concentrations, ANG-(1-7) interacted with specific sites that were distinct from ANG II type 1 and type 2 receptors without increasing cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. At these concentrations, ANG-(1-7) had inhibitory effects on collagen synthesis as assessed by [3H]proline incorporation and decreased mRNA expression of growth factors in ARCFs. These effects of ANG-(1-7) contrasted with effects of ANG II. Pretreatment of ARCFs with ANG-(1-7) inhibited ANG II-induced increases in collagen synthesis and in mRNA expression of growth factors, including endothelin-1 and leukemia inhibitory factor. ANG-(1-7) pretreatment also inhibited the stimulatory effects of conditioned medium from ANG II-treated ARCFs on [3H]leucine incorporation and atrial natriuretic factor mRNA expression, markers of hypertrophy, in cardiomyocytes. Thus ANG-(1-7) interacted with specific receptors on ARCFs to exert potential antifibrotic and antitrophic effects that could reverse ANG II effects. These results suggest that ANG-(1-7) may play an important role in the heart in regulating cardiac remodeling.
Connexin hemichannel induced vascular leak suggests a new paradigm for cancer therapy (2014)

It is 40 years since cancer growth was correlated with neovascularisation. Anti-angiogenic drugs remain at the forefront of cancer investigations but progress has been disappointing and unexpected toxicities are emerging. Gap junction channels are implicated in lesion spread following injury, with channel blockers shown to improve healing; in particular preventing vascular disruption and/or restoring vascular integrity. Here we briefly review connexin roles in vascular leak and endothelial cell death that occurs following acute wounds and during chronic disease, and how connexin channel regulation has been used to ameliorate vascular disruption. We then review chronic inflammatory disorders and trauma in the eye, concluding that vascular disruption under these conditions mimics that seen in tumours, and can be prevented with connexin hemichannel modulation. We apply this knowledge to tumour vessel biology, proposing that contrary to current opinion, these data suggest a need to protect, maintain and/or restore cancer vasculature. This may lead to reduced tumour hypoxia, promote the survival of normal cells, and enable improved therapeutic delivery or more effective radiation therapy.
The authors reply: (2010)

Westermaier, Thomas MD; Vince, Giles Hamilton MD, PhD; Ernestus, Ralf-Ingo MD, PhDAuthor Information
Value of T cell receptor gamma alternate reading frame protein and keratin 5 in endometrial carcinoma (2013)

The expression of TARP and KRT5 was correlated with the progress of endometrial cancer and their role needs further study.
Effects of ouabain and vagal stimulation on heart rate in the dog (1984)

When the vagus nerves are stimulated with one burst of pulses per minute, but each burst is placed at a different time in the cardiac cycle, a "vagal effect curve" can be derived which displays the changes in cardiac cycle length (CCL) as a function of the elapsed time from the stimulus. This curve consists of a primary and a secondary phase of increased CCL. We performed experiments on open-chest anaesthetised dogs to test the hypothesis that the secondary phase of increased CCL is caused by an increase in the activity of the electrogenic Na+/K+ pump. In animals with a sinoatrial nodal rhythm (SANR), the mean peak values of the primary and secondary phases of increased CCL were 0.48 +/- 0.03 and 0.06 +/- 001 s, respectively, above the prestimulation level (0.52 +/- 0.01 s). Ouabain (40 micrograms X kg-1 iv) did not significantly alter this bimodal response. In animals with an atrioventricular junctional rhythm (AVJR), the peaks of the primary and secondary increases in CCL were 0.55 +/- 0.03 and 1.04 +/- 0.17 s, respectively, above the prestimulation level (0.72 +/- 0.02 s). In animals with AVJR, ouabain markedly attenuated the peak secondary increase in CCL to 19% of the corresponding control value. This attenuation supports the hypothesis that the prominent secondary increase in CCL evoked by a brief vagal stimulus during AVJR is ascribable to an increased activity of the electrogenic Na+/K+ pump.
Immunoscintigraphy with three step monoclonal pretargeting technique in diagnosis of uveal melanoma: preliminary results. (1994)

Several problems still limit the full use of the diagnostic potential of immunoscintigraphy (IS) with technetium-99m labelled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) 225-28S directed to high molecular weight melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA). The principal problem is the unfavourable ratio of tumour to non-tumour activity (T/nT), due to the poor tumour uptake and the high aspecific uptake of the tissue surrounding the tumour. Recently, it was demonstrated that using the tumour pretargeting technique based on the injection of monoclonal antibody and the avidin/biotin system (three step immunoscintigraphy), an improvement in the T/nT ratio can be obtained in patients with carcinoembryonic antigen secreting tumours. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic sensitivity of traditional immunoscintigraphy with that of three step immunoscintigraphy in seven patients with uveal melanoma. All the patients underwent immunoscintigraphy with MoAb 225.28S radiolabelled with technetium-99m, and a three step immunoscintigraphy 1 week later. No patients demonstrated immediate toxic effects after receiving the reagents, no matter which of the two methods was used. The traditional immunoscintigraphy had a diagnostic sensitivity of 71.4%, diagnosing five out of seven melanomas tested. The three step study detected all the melanomas examined (7/7) with a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and showed a drastic reduction in background. The preliminary results confirm the feasibility of visualising the uveal melanoma and show that the three step immunoscintigraphy is more diagnostically sensitive than traditional immunoscintigraphy, particularly in small lesions.
Systematic evaluation of spliced alignment programs for RNA-seq data (2013)

High-throughput RNA sequencing is an increasingly accessible method for studying gene structure and activity on a genome-wide scale. A critical step in RNA-seq data analysis is the alignment of partial transcript reads to a reference genome sequence. To assess the performance of current mapping software, we invited developers of RNA-seq aligners to process four large human and mouse RNA-seq data sets. In total, we compared 26 mapping protocols based on 11 programs and pipelines and found major performance differences between methods on numerous benchmarks, including alignment yield, basewise accuracy, mismatch and gap placement, exon junction discovery and suitability of alignments for transcript reconstruction. We observed concordant results on real and simulated RNA-seq data, confirming the relevance of the metrics employed. Future developments in RNA-seq alignment methods would benefit from improved placement of multimapped reads, balanced utilization of existing gene annotation and a reduced false discovery rate for splice junctions.
Bifunctional antibody: a binary radiopharmaceutical delivery system for imaging colorectal carcinoma. (1991)

In clinical studies we have evaluated a unique monoclonal antibody-based drug delivery system, a bifunctional antibody designed to deliver imaging or therapeutic agents, such as radioisotopes, drugs, or biologics, to tumor cells, while minimizing the dose to normal tissue. The bifunctional antibody, with one specificity to a tumor-associated antigen (carcinoembryonic antigen) and another specificity to a hapten, is injected and allowed to localize at a tumor site for 4 days. A hapten, tagged with a radioisotope, is subsequently injected for delivery to and capture by the prelocalized antibody at the tumor site. In studies reported here, the sulfhydryl groups of Fab' fragments of ZCE-025 and CHA-255 were linked with bis-maleimidomethyl ether to form an F(ab')2 bifunctional antibody coupled by a stable thioether linkage. EOTUBE, a hydroxyethylthiourido derivative of benzyl EDTA, was used as the hapten carrier of 111In. Fourteen patients 62-82 years old with recurrent or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon were studied. Twenty of 21 known lesions were imaged, and eight of nine new lesions were confirmed. With this fundamentally new approach to drug delivery, clearance from normal tissue is rapid, and high tumor:normal tissue ratios are expeditiously achieved.
A novel ultra high molecular weight polyethylene–hyaluronan microcomposite for use in total joint replacements. I. Synthesis and physical/chemical characterization (2006)

A novel microcomposite between ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and hyaluronan (HA) was developed to create a hydrophilic and lubricious UHMWPE surface for total joint replacement and other biomedical load-bearing applications. Preforms with interconnected micropores were used as the UHMWPE starting material to form a microcomposite with HA, rather than starting with fully dense, bulk UHMWPE. HA was silylated first to increase its hydrophobicity and compatibility with UHMWPE. The silylated groups were removed through hydrolysis prior to final compression molding. A uniform and enzymatic degradation resistant HA film layer was produced on the microcomposite surface, which quickly hydrated in water, forming a lubricious surface film that was fully wetted by water drops during contact angle measurements. Presence of HA film on the composite surface was also demonstrated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and Toluidine Blue O dye assay. The mechanical and tribological properties evaluation of the novel microcomposites are presented in Part II.
Integration of immobilized trypsin bead beds for protein digestion within a microfluidic chip incorporating capillary electrophoresis separations and an electrospray mass spectrometry interface (2000)

A microfluidic device is described in which an electrospray interface to a mass spectrometer is integrated with a capillary electrophoresis channel, an injector and a protein digestion bed on a monolithic substrate. A large channel, 800 microm wide, 150 microm deep and 15 mm long, was created to act as a reactor bed for trypsin immobilized on 40-60 microm diameter beads. Separation was performed in channels etched 10 microm deep, 30 microm wide and about 45 mm long, feeding into a capillary, attached to the chip with a low dead volume coupling, that was 30 mm in length, with a 50 microm i.d. and 180 microm o.d. Sample was pumped through the reactor bed at flow rates between 0.5 and 60 microL/min. The application of this device for rapid digestion, separation and identification of proteins is demonstrated for melittin, cytochrome c and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The rate and efficiency of digestion was related to the flow rate of the substrate solution through the reactor bed. A flow rate of 1 or 0.5 microL/min was found adequate for complete consumption of cytochrome c or BSA, corresponding to a digestion time of 3-6 min at room temperature. Coverage of the amino acid sequence ranged from 92% for cytochrome c to 71% for BSA, with some missed cleavages observed. Melittin was consumed within 5 s. In contrast, a similar extent of digestion of melittin in a cuvet took 10-15 min. The kinetic limitations associated with the rapid digestion of low picomole levels of substrate were minimized using an integrated digestion bed with hydrodynamic flow to provide an increased ratio of trypsin to sample. This chip design thus provides a convenient platform for automated sample processing in proteomics applications.
Ex-post analýza spotřebních daní (2008)

Bakalářská práce pojednává o výběru spotřební daně celní správou v letech 2004 až 2007. Obsahuje základní charakteristiku, historii a vývoj spotřebních daní, analýzu výběru spotřebních daní v letech 2004 až 2007, způsoby krácení spotřebních daní, jejich eliminace a návrhy na zefektivnění výběru spotřební daně.
Copolymerization of ω-Unsaturated Oligo(Methyl Methacrylate): New Macromonomers (1986)

Abstract The free-radical copolymerization of ω-unsaturated oligo(methyl methacrylate) (1) with each of ethyl acrylate, styrene, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, and vinyl acetate have been investigated. Incorporation of (1) into the polymer was observed in all cases although the molecular weights of the copolymers were substantially lower than those of the homopolymers obtained in the absence of (1) but under otherwise identical conditions. These experiments, together with a product study of the reactions of (1) with cyanoisopropyl radicals, have shown that the addition of free radicals to the double bond of (1) occurs readily. The sterically hindered radical so formed, however, undergoes facile β-scission, resulting in the termination of chains (chain transfer) in competition with chain propagation. The implications of these findings to the usefulness of (1) in the synthesis of graft copolymers and their relevance to the chemistry of free-radical polymerizations when methyl methacrylate is employed as a monomer or comonomer are discussed.
Optical Doppler tomographic imaging of fluid flow velocity in highly scattering media (1997)

An optical Doppler tomography (ODT) system that permits imaging of fluid flow velocity in highly scattering media is described. ODT combines Doppler velocimetry with the high spatial resolution of low-coherence optical interferometry to measure fluid flow velocity at discrete spatial locations. Tomographic imaging of particle flow velocity within a circular conduit submerged 1 mm below the surface in a highly scattering phantom of Intralipid is demonstrated.
Life on the streets: the experiences of community researchers in a study of prostitution (2002)

Abstract Whilst community psychology has encouraged discussion of research processes and ways to improve studies, certain issues within community‐based research (particularly on sex topics) still require attention. This paper outlines a community study of women involved in street prostitution, and discusses issues arising from this research. By using extracts from the research report, along with researcher's diaries and taped conversations, the paper raises points for discussion concerning the process of sex‐research. For instance, training peer researchers, incorporating sex‐workers in research strategies, producing tangible results, and ethical issues. Strategies to improve research in general are then suggested. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.