gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure of Spermatid Release under Various Vitamin A States – An Indication of Delayed Spermiation (1983)

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding them a vitamin A-deficient diet after weaning and subsequently supplementing their diet with retinoic acid. The serum vitamin A levels of these rats were at a minimum by 60 days of age. Although spermatogenesis can proceed normally during the early phase of vitamin A deficiency, a small number of late spermatids were not released from the seminiferous epithelium at the end of Stage VIII of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium but rather at a later stage. This observation suggests a delay in spermiation. This delayed spermiation was noted as early as 50 days of age and persisted in rats even after 60 days of vitamin A replacement. These results demonstrate that in rats the timing of spermiation can be retarded by vitamin A deficiency. Although the mechanisms causing this delay in spermiation are not known, the vitamin A-deficient rat provides a useful model system for studies on the regulation of spermiation.
Cellular Distribution and Cycle Phase Dependency of Gonadotropin and Eicosanoid Binding Sites in Bovine Corpora Lutea (1991)

Bovine luteal functions are regulated by gonadotropins and eicosanoids. The specific binding sites that presumably mediate the actions of these regulatory agents have previously been characterized in bovine luteal tissue. However, the cellular distribution and/or the cycle phase dependency of these binding sites have never been investigated. In the present study, we investigated these parameters by using quantitative light microscope autoradiography. The results showed that both small and large luteal cells contained binding sites for LH/hCG, prostaglandin (PG)E2, PGF2 alpha, PGI2, and leukotriene (LT)C4. In addition, luteal blood vessels contained LH/hCG and LTC4 binding sites and luteal fibroblasts contained PGE2 binding sites. On a per cell basis, there were more binding sites for all ligands in large luteal cells as compared to small or nonluteal cells. After correction for the cellular area differences, small luteal cells contained more LH/hCG, PGE2, PGI2, and LTC4 binding sites, while large luteal cells contained more PGF2 alpha binding sites. The small and large luteal cell binding of hCG, PGE2, PGI2, and LTC4 increased from early to mid luteal phase, followed by a decline in the late luteal phase. PGF2 alpha binding, on the other hand, increased from early to late luteal phase. In contrast to luteal cells, binding of hCG and LTC4 to luteal blood vessels and binding of PGE2 to luteal fibroblasts did not change during the cycle. These results suggest that LH/hCG and eicosanoid regulation of luteal function is more complex than previously envisioned and it involves both small and large luteal cells and, in some cases, also nonluteal cells.
Rapid detection of aneuploidies by microsatellite and the quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (1997)

Several studies have been performed to assess the diagnostic value of using small tandem repeat (STR) markers and quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) assays for the rapid detection of aneuploidies involving chromosomes 21, 18, 13 (Mansfield, 1993; Pertl et al., 1994, 1996; Adinolfi et al., 1995a). The results of these investigations have documented the diagnostic advantages of this approach to perform prenatal tests using amniotic and chorionic samples, or fetal nucleated cells retrieved from peripheral maternal blood or endocervical samples. The use of two or more STR markers for each autosome facilitates the diagnosis of aneuploidies, while avoiding the need to employ internal non-polymorphic markers. Multiplex quantitative fluorescent analyses can be performed in about six hours from the collection of the samples and, although targeted to specific abnormalities, they can exclude the presence of the most frequent chromosomal disorders. QF-PCR can be exploited to analyse DNA present in single or clumps of cells and thus to perform prenatal diagnoses on maternal peripheral blood or transcervical cell samples and on preimplantation embryos.
SND1 Acts Downstream of TGFβ1 and Upstream of Smurf1 to Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis (2015)

SND1 is an AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC-binding protein that is upregulated in numerous human cancers, where it has been assigned multiple functional roles. In this study, we report its association with the TGFβ1 signaling pathway, which promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer. SND1 was upregulated in breast cancer tissues, in particular in primary invasive ductal carcinomas. Transcriptional activation of the SND1 gene was controlled by the TGFβ1/Smad pathway, specifically by activation of the Smad2/Smad3 complex. The SND1 promoter region contained several Smad-specific recognition domains (RD motifs), which were recognized and bound by the Smad complex that enhanced the transcriptional activation of SND1. We found that SND1 promoted expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1, leading to RhoA ubiquitination and degradation. RhoA degradation in breast cancer cells disrupted F-actin cytoskeletal organization, reduced cell adhesion, increased cell migration and invasion, and promoted metastasis. Overall, our results define a novel role for SND1 in regulating breast tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Magnetic Targeting Enhances Engraftment and Functional Benefit of Iron-Labeled Cardiosphere-Derived Cells in Myocardial Infarction (2010)

Magnetic targeting enhances cell retention, engraftment and functional benefit. This novel method to improve cell therapy outcomes offers the potential for rapid translation into clinical applications.
Declarative Data Cleaning: Language, Model, and Algorithms (2001)

The problem of data cleaning, which consists of removing inconsistencies and errors from original data sets, is well known in the area of decision support systems and data warehouses. This holds regardless of the application - relational database joining, web-related, or scientific. In all cases, existing ETL (Extraction Transformation Loading) and data cleaning tools for writing data cleaning programs are insufficient. The main challenge is the design and implementation of a dataflow graph that effectively and efficiently generates clean data. Needed improvements to the current state of the art include (i) a clear separation between the logical specification of data transformations and their physical implementation (ii) an explanation of the reasoning behind cleaning results, (iii) and interactive facilities to tune a data cleaning program. This paper presents a language, an execution model and algorithms that enable users to express data cleaning specifications declaratively and perform the cleaning efficiently. We use as an example a set of bibliographic references used to construct the Citeseer Web site. The underlying data integration problem is to derive structured and clean textual records so that meaningful queries can be performed. Experimental results report on the assessment of the proposed framework for data cleaning.
Mechanisms underlying recurrent inhibition in the sacral parasympathetic outflow to the urinary bladder. (1976)

1. In cats with the sacral dorsal roots cut on one side electrical stimulation (15-40 c/s) of the central end of the transected ipsilateral pelvic nerve depressed spontaneous bladder contractions. The depression was abolished by transecting the ipsilateral sacral ventral roots. 2. Electrical stimulation of acutely or chronically transected ('deafferented') sacral ventral roots depressed spontaneous bladder contractions and the firing of sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurones innervating the bladder. The depression of neuronal firing occurred ipsilateral and contralateral to the point of stimulation, but only occurred with stimulation of sacral roots containing preganglionic axons and only with stimulation of sacral roots containing preganglionic axons and only at intensities of stimulation (0-7-4V) above the threshold for activation of these axons. 3. The inhibitory responses were not abolished by strychnine administered by micro-electrophoresis to preganglionic neurones, but were blocked by the intravenous administration of strychnine. 4. The firing of preganglionic neurones elicited by micro-electrophoretic administration of an excitant amino acid (DL-homocysteic acid) was not depressed by stimulation of the ventral roots. 5. It is concluded that the inhibition of the sacral outflow to the bladder by stimulation of sacral ventral roots is related to antidromic activation of vesical preganglionic axons. Collaterals of these axons must excite inhibitory interneurones which in turn depress transmission at a site on the micturition reflex pathway prior to the preganglionic neurones.
Bioinformatic analysis of exon repetition, exon scrambling and trans-splicing in humans (2005)

Supplementary file is available at http://www.meduohio.edu/bioinfo/software.html.
A 13 bp palindrome is a functional estrogen responsive element and interacts specifically with estrogen receptor (1988)

Sequences located upstream of the transcription initiation site of the Xenopus vitellogenin A2 (vit A2) gene contain a hormone dependent enhancer that confers estrogen control to the heterologous thymidine kinase (tk) promoter. As a minimal functional estrogen responsive element (ERE), we have defined the 13 bp palindrome GGTCACAGTGACC. This ERE binds estrogen receptor preferentially in vitro. Although the ERE shares some structural features with the glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) it is distinct from this element since it neither binds glucocorticoid receptor in vitro nor does it confer glucocorticoid inducibility to a fusion gene. Point mutations within the ERE decrease its affinity for the estrogen receptor and result in a complete loss of estrogen inducibility.
Inhibitors of two-component signal transduction systems: inhibition of alginate gene activation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (1993)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains infecting cystic fibrosis patients often produce copious amounts of the exopolysaccharide alginate. Expression of alginate genes in P. aeruginosa is regulated by several proteins including members of the two-component bacterial signal transduction systems. Two of these regulatory proteins are AlgR1, the DNA-binding response regulator that transcriptionally activates alginate gene expression, and AlgR2, the kinase that modifies AlgR1 via phosphorylation to enhance its activity. In this paper, we report the identification of compounds that inhibit alginate gene expression by inhibiting (i) the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of AlgR2 and (ii) the DNA-binding activity of AlgR1. Compounds with these activities may have potential as components of therapy for eliminating P. aeruginosa infection from the cystic fibrosis lung. In addition, we describe the effect of these compounds on the autophosphorylation activity of other known two-component kinases and show the ability of one compound to significantly inhibit the kinase activities of CheA, NRII, and KinA.
Photophysical Properties of ZnS Nanoclusters with Spatially Localized Mn2+ (1996)

The synthesis and photophysical characterization of nanometer-size ZnS with and without Mn2+ are reported. Without Mn2+, the ZnS nanoclusters emit in the blue upon ultraviolet excitation. ZnS doped with 1−5% Mn2+ (presumably in Zn2+ sites) yields the orange emission observed for bulk Zn:Mn phosphors but with greatly reduced emissive lifetimes. ZnS with surface-bound Mn2+, in contrast, emits in the ultraviolet with even shorter lifetimes. Thus, the physical location of Mn2+ in the ZnS nanocluster determines its optical properties.
Elimination of established murine colon carcinoma metastases by antibody-interleukin 2 fusion protein therapy. (1997)

A recombinant humanized antibody-interleukin 2 fusion protein (huKS1/4-IL-2) was used to direct IL-2 to the tumor microenvironment and elicit a T cell-mediated eradication of established pulmonary and hepatic CT26-KSA colon carcinoma metastases in syngeneic BALB/c mice. This antitumor effect was specific because a fusion protein, which was nonreactive with these tumor cells, failed to exert any such effect. The efficacy of the huKS1/4-IL-2 fusion protein in eliminating metastases was documented because mixtures of monoclonal antibody huKS1/4 with recombinant human IL-2 were ineffective and, at best, only partially reduced tumor load. Two lines of evidence indicated the eradication of metastases and the absence of minimal residual disease in animals treated with the fusion protein: first, the lack of detection of CT26-KSA cells by reverse transcription-PCR, which can detect one tumor cell in 10(6) liver cells; and second, the tripling of life span. The effector mechanism involved in this tumor eradication is dependent on T cells because the IL-2-directed therapy is ineffective in T cell-deficient SCID mice. The essential effector cells were further characterized as CD8+ T cells by in vivo depletion studies. Such T cells, isolated from tumor-bearing mice after fusion protein therapy, elicited MHC class I-restricted cytotoxicity in vitro against colon carcinoma target cells. Taken together, these data indicate that fusion protein-directed IL-2 therapy induces a T cell-dependent host immune response capable of eradicating established colon cancer metastases in an animal tumor model.
Structure-activity relationship of trans-resveratrol and its analogues. (2005)

Cancer is one of the main causes of death in both men and women, claiming over 6 million people each year worldwide. Chemoprevention in combination with anti-cancer treatment is therefore important to reduce morbidity and mortality. Stilbene-based compounds have over the years attracted attention of many researchers due to their wide ranging biological activities. One of the most relevant and extensively studied stilbenes is trans-resveratrol, a phytoalexin present in grapes and other foods. One of the most striking biological activities of trans-resveratrol soundly investigated during recent years has been its cancer-chemopreventive potential. It has been found that the biological activity of trans-resveratrol and its analogues depends significantly on the structural determinants, which are (i) number and position of hydroxyl groups, (ii) intramolecular hydrogen bonding, (iii) stereoisomery and (iv) double bond. The observation that trans-stilbene compounds having 4 -hydroxy group, double bond and bearing ortho-diphenoxyl or para-diphenoxyl functionalities possess remarkably higher chemopreventive activity than trans-resveratrol gives us useful information for further chemopreventive drug design.
Purification, characterization, and western blot analysis of human GTPase-activating protein from native and recombinant sources. (1990)

Human ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) is a cytoplasmic factor that stimulates the GTPase activity of normal N-ras p21 while having no stimulatory effect on the GTPase activity of oncogenic variants of N-ras p21. We have purified two forms of native ras GAP from human placental tissue. In addition to the Mr = 120,000 type I GAP reported previously (1), an equivalent amount of an Mr = 95,000 molecule with GAP activity was recovered and shown to have the N-terminal sequence expected for type II GAP. The two GAP forms in placental extracts were resolved by molecular sieve chromatography and appeared to have a monomeric native structure. Human recombinant type I GAP was produced intracellularly in Sf9 insect cells using a baculovirus expression vector, and 10-mg quantities were purified to homogeneity in three steps. Comparison of the purified native and recombinant GAP molecules revealed that all three displayed similar biological specific activities in an in vitro GAP assay. A polyclonal antibody to purified recombinant GAP was prepared and shown to neutralize the activity of both native and recombinant GAPs. The antibody was also highly specific for the detection of native GAP by Western blot. Type I and II GAP species were detected in approximately equal amounts in cytoplasmic extracts of human placenta, but only type I GAP was observed when other human tissues were examined.
Effects of Telmisartan Compared with Eprosartan on Blood Pressure Control, Glucose Metabolism and Lipid Profile in Hypertensive, Type 2 Diabetic Patients: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled 12-Month Study (2004)

We evaluated the antihypertensive activity, glucose homeostasis and plasma lipid profile in patients with mild hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus treated by diet and exercise, and not in receipt of oral hyperglycemics, following 12-month treatment with either telmisartan or eprosartan. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 119 patients with mild essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 91-104 mmHg) and type 2 diabetes were divided into three groups and randomized to receive once-daily telmisartan 40 mg, eprosartan 600 mg, or placebo for 12 months. At enrollment, patients were advised on diet (1,400-1,600 kcal/day) and exercise (physical aerobics on a bicycle for at least 30 min on 4 days each week). Compared with baseline, a significant reduction (p<0.01) in seated trough systolic blood pressure (SBP) was detected after 12-month treatment with either telmisartan or eprosartan. Seated trough DBP was also reduced by telmisartan (p<0.01) and eprosartan (p<0.05); the antihypertensive effect of telmisartan was significantly superior (p<0.05). No change in body mass index or glucose metabolism was observed with either active treatment, or with placebo. Telmisartan, but not eprosartan, significantly improved plasma total cholesterol (p<0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.01) and triglycerides (p<0.05) compared with eprosartan. In conclusion, 12-month telmisartan treatment produced a significantly greater reduction in DBP than eprosartan and significantly improved plasma lipids. The improvement could be due to varying pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of telmisartan compared with eprosartan, even if it is not clear about the relationship between angiotensin-II receptor blockade and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibition.
<title>Dynamic Optical Interconnections For Parallel Processors</title> (1986)

This paper discusses the need for dynamically reconfigurable interconnection networks in parallel computing systems and describes some of the important physical parameters, limitations and tradeoffs of optical and electronic interconnection architectures. Several optical matrix-vector realizations of generalized crossbar networks are given and compared. These systems may utilize acousto-, electro-, or magneto-optic spatial light modulators as their active switching elements, and moderately large crossbar networks (64x 64 to 512 x 512) appear feasible. Finally, the use of general optical sequential logic architectures to implement crossbar and multistage networks is considered.
Heightened sense for sensing: recent advances in pathogen immunoassay sensing platforms (2007)

Rapid and efficient sensors are essential for effective defense against the emerging threat of bioterrorism and biological warfare. This review article describes several recent immunosensing advances that are relevant to biothreat detection. These highly diverse examples are intended to demonstrate the breadth of these immunochemical sensing systems and platforms while highlighting those technologies that are suitable for pathogen detection.
Friedreich's ataxia – a case of aberrant transcription termination? (2015)

Reduced expression of the mitochondrial protein Frataxin (FXN) is the underlying cause of Friedreich's ataxia. We propose a model of premature termination of FXN transcription induced by pathogenic expanded GAA repeats that links R-loop structures, antisense transcription, and heterochromatin formation as a novel mechanism of transcriptional repression in Friedreich's ataxia.
Design and use of a program execution analyzer (1983)

Execution analyzers are used to improve the performance of programs, operating systems, and hardware systems. This paper presents a general overview of these tools, especially those designed for use by application programmers. The design tradeoffs of a wide variety of execution analyzers are examined. In addition, the design and use of a new execution analyzer are presented; its purpose is to assist in the optimization of highly modular PL/I programs.
Replication of distinct scrapie prion isolates is region specific in brains of transgenic mice and hamsters. (1992)

Scrapie prions are composed largely, if not entirely, of PrPSc molecules. The prion isolates Sc237 and 139H exhibit markedly different incubation times in Syrian, Armenian, and Chinese hamsters, as well as in transgenic (Tg) 81 mice expressing Syrian hamster PrP (SHaPrP). Repassage of prions from transgenic mice or Chinese hamsters into Syrian hamsters revealed that the original properties of the prion isolates are retained. When Syrian hamsters were first inoculated with 139H prions and subsequently challenged with Sc237 prions, the incubation period was determined by the faster Sc237 isolate. Regional mapping studies demonstrated different kinetics and patterns of PrPSc accumulation for Sc237 and 139H prions in the brains of Syrian hamsters as well as Tg(SHaPrP)7 mice. That distinct prion isolates induce different region-specific accumulations of PrPSc in brain suggests a novel mechanism for propagation of isolates whereby they replicate in particular sets of neurons. The prion isolates could be targeted to specific CNS cells by differing conformations of PrPSc, post-translational modifications of PrPSc such as Asn-linked glycosylation, or an as yet undetected macromolecule complexed with PrPSc in the prion.
Visualizing the electric grid (2001)

In the new world of competition, power traders, grid managers, public service boards, and the public itself all need to take in what's happening at a glance. Visualization software enables viewers to interpret the data more rapidly and more accurately than ever before. This kind of software will become still more useful, even indispensable, as electricity grids are integrated over ever-larger areas, as transmission and generation become competitive markets, and as transactions grow in number and complexity. Concepts like power flow, loop flow, and reactive power, which once mattered only to the engineers directly involved in grid operations, now must be made intuitive. This is because they must be communicated to public service commissions and the consumer-voters to whom such boards are answerable. In short, whether the client/user is a power marketer, a grid operator or manager, a public authority, or a member of the public, power system visualization tools can aid their comprehension by lifting the truly significant above background noise. Such tools can expedite decision-making for congestion management, power trading, market organization, and investment planning for the long term.