gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrolytic studies on the contribution of tobacco leaf constituents to the formation of smoke catechols (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrolytic studies on the contribution of tobacco leaf constituents to the formation of smoke catecholsWilliam S. Schlotzhauer, Robert M. Martin, Maurice E. Snook, and Ralph E. WilliamsonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1982, 30, 2, 372–374Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00110a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00110a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of indium composition ratio on solution-processed nanocrystalline InGaZnO thin film transistors (2009)

The effects of the indium content on characteristics of nanocrystalline InGaZnO (IGZO) films grown by a sol-gel method and their thin film transistors (TFTs) have been investigated. Excess indium incorporation into IGZO enhances the field effect mobilities of the TFTs due to the increase in conducting path ways and decreases the grain size and the surface roughness of the films because more InO2− ions induce cubic stacking faults with IGZO. These structural variations result in a decrease in density of interfacial trap sites at the semiconductor-gate insulator interface, leading to an improvement of the subthreshold gate swing of the TFTs.
<title>Inspection Of Axially Symmetric Parts</title> (1975)

Three systems for inspection of axially symmetric parts illustrate many characteristics of pure analog, hard-wired digital and computer controlled electro-optics. The optical, mechanical and electronic considerations of each are briefly reviewed to provide the quality control engineer, as well as the electro-optical engineer, with an overview of some basic design considerations.
Comprehensive scanning of somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in breast cancer. (2002)

To investigate the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in tumorigenesis, a temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis method was used to analyze the somatic mtDNA mutations in breast cancer. The entire mitochondrial genomes in 19 tumor samples and paired normal tissues from the same patients were amplified using 32 pairs of overlapping primers. DNA fragments showing different banding patterns between normal and tumor mtDNA were sequenced to identify the mutations. Fourteen of the 19 tumors (74%) displayed at least one somatic mtDNA mutation. Twenty-seven somatic mutations were found, and 22 of them occurred in the D loop region. This study represents the most comprehensive mtDNA mutational analysis in breast cancer.
Extensive enrichment of N-glycolylneuraminic acid in extracellular sialoglycoproteins abundantly synthesized and secreted by human cancer cells (2010)

N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is the second most populous sialic acid (Sia). The only known biosynthetic pathway of Neu5Gc is the hydroxylation of cytidine-5'-monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac), catalyzed by CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (CMAH). Neu5Gc is abundantly found in mammals except for human, in which CMAH is inactivated due to mutation in the CMAH gene. Evidence has accumulated to show occurrence of Neu5Gc-containing glycoconjugates in sera of cancer patients, human cancerous tissues and cultured human cell lines. Recently, occurrence of natural antibodies against Neu5Gc was shown in healthy humans and is a serious problem for clinical xenotransplantation and stem cell therapies. Studying human occurrence of Neu5Gc is of importance and interest in a broad area of medical sciences. In this study, using a fluorometric high performance liquid chromatography method, we performed quantitative analyses of Sias both inside and in the external environment of the cell and found that (i) incorporation of Neu5Gc was most prominent in soluble glycoproteins found both in the extracellular space and inside the cell as the major Sia compounds. (ii) Of the total Neu5Gc in the Sia compounds that the cells synthesized, 90% was found in the secreted sialoglycoproteins, whereas for Neu5Ac, 70% was found in the secreted sialoglycoproteins. (iii) The Neu5Gc ratio was higher in the secreted sialoglycoproteins (as high as 40% of total Sias) than in intracellular sialoglycoproteins. (iv) The majority of the secreted sialoglycoproteins was anchored on the culture dishes and solubilized by brief trypsin treatment. Based on these findings, a new idea on the mechanism of accumulation of Neu5Gc in cancer cells was proposed.
The mechanisms of action and use of botulinum neurotoxin type A in aesthetics: Key Clinical Postulates II (2020)

The principles of BoNT-A use in aesthetics are complex yet understandable as outlined in the framework of the updated Eight Key Clinical Postulates and serves as a useful tool for providing the most effective treatment and interpreting research on present and future toxin formulations.
Gene Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer Using an Adenovirus Vector Encoding Soluble flt-1 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (2002)

These results indicate that antiangiogenic gene therapy using soluble flt-1 might be an effective approach for pancreatic cancer treatment.
K-ras Point Mutation Detection in Lung Cancer: Comparison of Two Approaches to Somatic Mutation Detection Using ARMS Allele-specific Amplification (2000)

The assay is homogeneous, with addition of tumor DNA sample being the only step before results are generated. The quantitative nature of the assay can potentially be used to define the analytical sensitivity necessary for any specified diagnostic application of K-ras (or other) point mutation detection.
Discovery of monocarbonyl curcumin-BTP hybrids as STAT3 inhibitors for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant breast cancer therapy (2017)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a well-known antitumor target. Exogenous ROS insult can lead to selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells. A combination of STAT3 inhibition and "oxidation therapy" may be a new strategy to address the multidrug-resistance issue due to their important roles in the survival and drug resistance of cancer cells. Here, a series of novel curcumin-BTP hybrids were designed and evaluated as STAT3 inhibitors with ROS production activity. Compound 6b exerted the best antitumor activity and selectivity for MCF-7 and MCF-7/DOX cells (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.52 μM and 0.40 μM, respectively), while its IC<sub>50</sub> value for MCF-10A breast epithelial cells was 7.72 μM. Furthermore, compound 6b suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity and the expression of STAT3 specific oncogenes. Increases in the level of IL-6-induced p-STAT3 were also inhibited by 6b without influencing IFN-γ-induced p-STAT1 expression. Additionally, 6b effectively promoted intracellular ROS accumulation, induced cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, abolished the colony formation ability of breast cancer cells, and inhibited P-gp expression in MCF-7/DOX cells. Finally, 6b suppressed the growth of implanted human breast cancer in vivo. Our findings highlight that 6b may be a promising therapeutic agent for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant breast cancers.
Forces and factors that contribute to the structural stability of membrane proteins (1995)

While a considerable amount of literature deals with the structural energetics of water-soluble proteins, relatively little is known about the forces that determine the stability of membrane proteins. Similarly, only a few membrane protein structures are known at atomic resolution, although new structures have recently been described. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the structural features of membrane proteins. We then proceed to summarize the existing literature regarding the thermal stability of bacteriorhodopsin, cytochrome-c oxidase, the band 3 protein, Photosystem II and porins. We conclude that a fundamental difference between soluble and membrane proteins is the high thermal stability of intrabilayer secondary structure elements in membrane proteins. This property manifests itself as incomplete unfolding, and is reflected in the observed low enthalpies of denaturation of most membrane proteins. By contrast, the extramembranous parts of membrane proteins may behave much like soluble proteins. A brief general account of thermodynamics factors that contribute to the stability of water soluble and membrane proteins is presented.
Mining the Dynamics of Music Preferences from a Social Networking Site (2009)

In this paper we present an application of our incremental graph clustering algorithm (DENGRAPH) on a data set obtained from the music community site Last.fm. The aim of our study is to determine the music preferences of people and to observe how the taste in music changes over time. Over a period of 130 weeks, we extract for each interval user profiles of 1,800 users that represent their music listening behavior. By building and incrementally clustering a graph of similar users, we obtain groups of people with similar music preferences. We label these clusters with genres according to the user profiles of the cluster members. Due to the incremental nature of DENGRAPH we show how clusters evolve over time. Besides the growth and decrease of clusters we observe how new clusters emerge and old clusters die. Furthermore, we show the merge and split of clusters. The results of our experiments indicate that DENGRAPH is particularly useful to efficiently detect groups of similar users and to track them over time.
Benign breast disease and disorders (1991)

While the establishment of the Breast Screening Service has resulted in a significant increase in public awareness of breast diseases, it has also prompted a high degree of anxiety for some women who discover breast lumps. Margaret Miers outlines some of the most common benign causes of such lumps, and reports on a follow-up study of over 1,000 breast clinic at tenders
Safe engineering of CAR T cells for adoptive cell therapy of cancer using long‐term episomal gene transfer (2016)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a new successful treatment for refractory B-cell leukemia. Successful therapeutic outcome depends on long-term expression of CAR transgene in T cells, which is achieved by delivering transgene using integrating gamma retrovirus (RV) or lentivirus (LV). However, uncontrolled RV/LV integration in host cell genomes has the potential risk of causing insertional mutagenesis. Herein, we describe a novel episomal long-term cell engineering method using non-integrating lentiviral (NILV) vector containing a scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) element, for either expression of transgenes or silencing of target genes. The insertional events of this vector into the genome of host cells are below detection level. CD19 CAR T cells engineered with a NILV-S/MAR vector have similar levels of CAR expression as T cells engineered with an integrating LV vector, even after numerous rounds of cell division. NILV-S/MAR-engineered CD19 CAR T cells exhibited similar cytotoxic capacity upon CD19(+) target cell recognition as LV-engineered T cells and are as effective in controlling tumor growth in vivo We propose that NILV-S/MAR vectors are superior to current options as they enable long-term transgene expression without the risk of insertional mutagenesis and genotoxicity.
Reception of multiple co-channel digital signals using antenna arrays with applications to PCS (2002)

Antenna arrays can be used to increase system capacity in PCS networks by supporting multiple co-channel users per cell in receive and in transmit. We propose a novel approach for separating multiple digital signals received at an antenna array. Our approach exploits the temporal structure of digital signals to simultaneously determine the array response and the symbol sequence for each signal. Uniqueness of the estimates is established for signals with BPSK modulation format. This approach for separating digital signals is applicable to an unknown array geometry and propagation environment, which is particularly useful in PCS applications. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of this new technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multiple sterol regulatory elements in promoter for hamster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase. (1988)

Through substitution mutagenesis and gene transfer experiments in cultured cells, we have identified three sequences in the 5' flanking region of the gene for hamster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase that are required for sterol-mediated regulation of transcription. Point mutations in any one of these sequences largely prevented the increase in transcription that normally follows cellular sterol depletion. These mutations did not alter the low level of transcription that occurs in the presence of sterols. Two of the three sterol regulatory sequences contain an octanucleotide that shows a 7/8-base pair match with a sequence that was previously identified as a sterol regulatory element in the genes for HMG-CoA reductase and the low density lipoprotein receptor, both of which are induced by sterol deprivation. The third sterol regulatory region in the HMG-CoA synthase promoter shows only a low-level match with the other sterol regulatory elements. The current data suggest that the sterol regulatory elements in the HMG-CoA synthase promoter operate by a conditional positive mechanism: in the absence of sterols, regulatory proteins bind to these elements and stimulate transcription; in the presence of sterols, the regulatory proteins are inactivated and transcription decreases to the basal rate.
Cdk5-Dependent Mst3 Phosphorylation and Activity Regulate Neuronal Migration through RhoA Inhibition (2014)

The radial migration of newborn neurons is critical for the lamination of the cerebral cortex. Proper neuronal migration requires precise and rapid reorganization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms controlling cytoskeletal reorganization are not well understood. Here, we show that Mst3, a serine/threonine kinase highly expressed in the developing mouse brain, is essential for radial neuronal migration and final neuronal positioning in the developing mouse neocortex. Mst3 silencing by in utero electroporation perturbed the multipolar-to-bipolar transition of migrating neurons and significantly retards radial migration. Although the kinase activity of Mst3 is essential for its functions in neuronal morphogenesis and migration, it is regulated via its phosphorylation at Ser79 by a serine/threonine kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). Our results show that Mst3 regulates neuronal migration through modulating the activity of RhoA, a Rho-GTPase critical for actin cytoskeletal reorganization. Mst3 phosphorylates RhoA at Ser26, thereby negatively regulating the GTPase activity of RhoA. Importantly, RhoA knockdown successfully rescues neuronal migration defect in Mst3-knockdown cortices. Our findings collectively suggest that Cdk5-Mst3 signaling regulates neuronal migration via RhoA-dependent actin dynamics.
Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction From Molecular Materials (2000)

This important book presents a comprehensive account of the techniques and applications of single crystal neutron diffraction in the area of chemical crystallography and molecular structure. Beginning with a brief description of the general principles and the reasons for choosing the technique — the “why” — the book covers the methods for both the production of neutrons and the measurement of their scattering by molecular crystals — the “how” — followed by a detailed survey of past, present and future applications — the “what”. The coverage of both steady state and pulsed neutron sources and instrumentation is extensive, while the survey of applications is the most comprehensive yet undertaken. The book endeavours to show why the technique is an essential method for studying areas as diverse as hydrogen bonding and weak interactions, organometallics, supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering, metal hydrides, charge density and pharmaceuticals. It is an ideal reference source for the research worker interested in using neutron diffraction to study the structure of molecules.
FlyBase: a Drosophila database (1997)

FlyBase is a database of genetic and molecular data concerning Drosophila. FlyBase is maintained as a relational database (in Sybase) and is made available as html documents and flat files. The scope of FlyBase includes: genes, alleles (and phenotypes), aberrations, transposons, pointers to sequence data, clones, stock lists, Drosophila workers and bibliographic references. The Encyclopedia of Drosophila is a joint effort between FlyBase and the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project which integrates FlyBase data with those from the BDGP.
Induction of IL-15 messenger RNA and protein in human blood-derived dendritic cells: a role for IL-15 in attraction of T cells (1997)

IL-15 is a pleiotropic cytokine with IL-2-like functions. As IL-15 was shown to be mitogenic for T cells, we wondered whether human blood-derived dendritic cells (DC), as the primary stimulators of T cell responses, are able to produce IL-15. To test our hypothesis, DC were grown under serum-free conditions from human peripheral blood using granulocyte-macrophage CSF and IL-4. Cultures were assayed for IL-15 mRNA production at various times by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Low baseline signals were detected from days 0 to 5 of culture. A significant increase was detected from days 5 to 9 of the culture. When DC were further enriched by immunomagnetic beads to >98% purity as determined by CD83 staining, IL-15 mRNA signals were exclusively found in the CD83+ fraction. This increase in mRNA signals was paralleled by IL-15 protein release from days 9 to 12 as detected by CTLL-2 assay and ELISA. In addition, protein levels were increased >10-fold by adding paramagnetic beads to the cultures, thereby inducing phagocytic activity. Furthermore, DC supernatants were tested for chemokinetic and chemotactic activities for T cells in a checkerboard filter assay. It was shown that supernatants express chemokinetic and chemotactic activity for T cells. This activity was blocked almost completely by addition of an anti-IL-15 mAb. Our data show that human blood DC contain IL-15 mRNA and produce functional protein that is induced in culture. Protein release is triggered by phagocytic activity. Furthermore, DC-derived IL-15 has chemotactic and chemokinetic activities for T cells, suggesting a role for IL-15 as an attractant of T cells during the initial DC/T cell interaction.
The femtomolar-acting NAP interacts with microtubules: Novel aspects of astrocyte protection (2005)

Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), a gene product essential for brain formation, contains a short octapeptide sequence NAPVSIPQ (NAP) that protects neurons against a wide variety of insults. At the pico-molar concentration range, NAP provides neuroprotection by direct interaction with neurons. At the femtomolar concentration range, NAP requires the presence of glial cells to provide neuroprotection. To further understand the mechanism of neuroprotection afforded by NAP, specific binding proteins were searched for. Tubulin, the major subunit protein of microtubules, was identified as a NAP binding molecule. NAP structure allows membrane penetration, followed by tubulin binding and facilitation of microtubule assembly toward cellular protection in astrocytes. NAP (10(-15) M) promoted microtubule assembly in vitro and protected astrocytes against zinc intoxication which is associated with microtubule disruption. A two hour incubation period of astrocytes with femtomolar concentrations of NAP resulted in microtubule re-organization and transient increases in immunoreactive non-phosphorylated tau. Microtubules are the key component of the neuronal and glial cytoskeleton that regulates cell division, differentiation and protection, while tau pathology is a major contributor to Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. The findings described here may open up new horizons in research and development of neuroprotective compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Gas‐Solid Reactions: Additions of HX to N‐Vinylphthalimide and Substitutions of Its Hydrate. (1986)

Abstract With the gases HX, the crystalline phthalimide (I) forms the addition products (II) rapidly ( 30min) without intermediate melting.
Technosphere Insulin Effectively Controls Postprandial Glycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2012)

Results in eight patients suggest that once an optimal dose of TI is determined, type 2 diabetes patients can ingest meals with a wide range of CHO content or even skip meals without severe hypoglycemia. During this pilot study TI therapy improved A1C by -1.63% (P=0.00091) during 19 weeks of treatment.
4-(Phenylamino)pyrrolopyrimidines:  Potent and Selective, ATP Site Directed Inhibitors of the EGF-Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinase (1996)

Using a pharmacophore model for ATP-competitive inhibitors interacting with the active site of the EGF-R protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), 4-(phenylamino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been identified as a novel class of potent EGF-R protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In an interactive process, this class of compounds was then optimized. 13, 14, 28, 36, 37, and 44, the most potent compounds of this series, inhibited the EGF-R PTK with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. High selectivity toward a panel of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (c-Src, v-Abl) and serine/threonine kinases (PKC alpha, PKA) was observed. Kinetic analysis revealed competitive type kinetics relative to ATP. In cells, EGF-stimulated cellular tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by compounds 13, 36, 37, and 44 at IC50 values between 0.1 and 0.4 microM, whereas PDGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation was not affected by concentrations up to 10 microM. In addition, these compounds were able to selectively inhibit c-fos mRNA expression in EGF-dependent cell lines with IC50 values between 0.1 and 2 microM, but did not affect c-fos mRNA induction in response to PDGF or PMA (IC50 >100 microM). Proliferation of the EGF-dependent MK cell line was inhibited with similar IC50 values. From SAR studies, a binding mode for 4-(phenylamino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as well as for the structurally related 4-(phenylamino)quinazolines at the ATP-binding site of the EGF-R tyrosine kinase is proposed. 4-(Phenylamino)7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines therefore represent a new class of highly potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors which preferentially inhibit the EGF-mediated signal transduction pathway and have the potential for further evaluation as anticancer agents.