gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-voltage and low-power circuit design for mixed analog/digital systems in portable equipment (1994)

This paper describes low-voltage and low-power (LV/LP) circuit design for both analog LSI's and digital LSI's which are used in mixed analog/digital systems in portable equipment. We review some LV/LP circuits used in digital LSI's, such as general logic gate, DSP, and DRAM, and others used in analog LSI's, such as operational amplifiers, video-signal processing circuits, A/D and D/A converters, filters, and RF circuits, along with a wide range of items used in recently developed LSI's. Since analog circuits have fundamental difficulties in reducing the operating voltage and the power consumption, in spite of recent progress in LV/LP circuit techniques, these difficulties will be a major issue for decreasing the total power consumption of some mixed analog/digital systems used in portable equipment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
实验结束了,但……没有运用 (1984)

学校改革最重要的任务是提高青少年的教学与教育质量。草案中讲到要使每门课程的讲授在更高科学水平上进行,要根本改善思想政治、劳动和道德教育,美育和身体的发育。所有这一切,只有在教育科学和教育实践的紧密结合中才能达到。在最近二十五年来,苏联和各社会主义友好国家所进行的心理学、教育学试验,使有可能重新考虑小学教育的作用、内容和特点。在完成了开始是不完全中等教育,尔后是完全中等教育的过渡之后,小学,作为接着在中、高年级学习的一个准备阶段,其作用增大了。而它作为一个独立的环节,即给予初步的阅读、书写和计算技巧,以及有限范围的关于周围世界的初步知识这个环节,其作用相对地缩小了。已经证实,传统的小学教育把技巧训练的作用看的过重,而较少注意儿童的全面发展和对儿童的教育工作。
Multiplex nested PCR for Brazilian Alphavirus diagnosis (2004)

A reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and a multiplex nested PCR were developed for the rapid detection and identification of 14 Brazilian alphaviruses. Using Alphavirus genus-specific primers in a RT-PCR, we obtained amplified products of 434 bp. Species-specific primers were selected and simultaneously tested in a multiplex nested PCR. The nested PCR increased the test sensitivity 1000-fold and was capable of identifying Brazilian Alphavirus showing the expected bands with diagnostic sizes for Venezuelan (400 bp), Eastern (124 bp), and Western (208 bp) equine encephalitis, Aura (86 bp), and Mayaro (270 bp) viruses. This strategy for diagnosis is fast, sensitive, specific and it can be used as a reliable alternative for routine Brazilian Alphavirus diagnosis.
Lipocalin-2 Is a Disease Activity Marker in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Regulated by IL-17A, IL-22, and TNF-α and Modulated by IL23R Genotype Status (2015)

Serum LCN2 proves to be a biomarker of active UC. Lower LCN2 levels in CD patients carrying IBD risk-increasing IL23R variants may result from a restricted upregulation of LCN2 due to an impaired Th17 immune response.
STUDIES ON MITOMYCINS. III (1968)

About sixty derivatives of mitomycin were synthesized from natural mito-mycins and subjected to antibacterial and antitumor tests. Some of them were more effective than mitomycin C. The structure-activity relationship of derivatives were also investigated.
Efficacy and safety of once versus twice daily administration of methimazole in cats with hyperthyroidism (2003)

Results suggest that once daily administration of methimazole was not as effective as twice daily administration in cats with hyperthyroidism and cannot be recommended for routine use.
Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IκBα is mediated by a ubiquitin ligase Skp1/Cul 1/F-box protein FWD1 (1999)

Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) is controlled by proteolysis of its inhibitory subunit (IkappaB) via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Signal-induced phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha by a large multisubunit complex containing IkappaB kinases is a prerequisite for ubiquitination. Here, we show that FWD1 (a mouse homologue of Slimb/betaTrCP), a member of the F-box/WD40-repeat proteins, is associated specifically with IkappaBalpha only when IkappaBalpha is phosphorylated. The introduction of FWD1 into cells significantly promotes ubiquitination and degradation of IkappaBalpha in concert with IkappaB kinases, resulting in nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. In addition, FWD1 strikingly evoked the ubiquitination of IkappaBalpha in the in vitro system. In contrast, a dominant-negative form of FWD1 inhibits the ubiquitination, leading to stabilization of IkappaBalpha. These results suggest that the substrate-specific degradation of IkappaBalpha is mediated by a Skp1/Cull 1/F-box protein (SCF) FWD1 ubiquitin-ligase complex and that FWD1 serves as an intracellular receptor for phosphorylated IkappaBalpha. Skp1/Cullin/F-box protein FWD1 might play a critical role in transcriptional regulation of NF-kappaB through control of IkappaB protein stability.
Role of Insulin in the Regulation of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (2015)

Taken together, these data indicate that although insulin induces PCSK9 expression, it is not the sole or even dominant regulator of PCSK9 under all conditions.
Lactoferrin enhances opioid-mediated analgesia via nitric oxide in the rat spinal cord (2003)

Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein that is found in milk, neutrophils, and other biological fluids, and its receptors have also been identified in the central nervous system. Recently, we found that bovine milk-derived LF (BLF) produced analgesia via a μ-opioid receptor-mediated response in the spinal cord. However, the precise mechanism of this analgesic effect remains unclear. In this study, spinally applied BLF produced analgesia that was reversed by coadministration with a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, during phases 1 and 2 in the formalin test. Spinal coadministration of a μ-opioid receptor agonist, morphine, with a subeffective dose of BLF produced a much more highly potentiated analgesia than that produced by morphine alone during phases 1 and 2 in the formalin test. This potentiated analgesia by morphine with BLF was reversed by a μ-opioid receptor antagonist, d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Orn-Thr-NH 2 , or by N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. In the tail-flick test, continuous spinal infusion of morphine via an osmotic minipump over 6 days resulted in development of tolerance by day 4, but no tolerance of BLF was observed throughout the experiment. These results suggest that BLF acts as an enhancer of the spinal opioidergic system via an NO-mediated mechanism.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Stimulates Cell Migration through a Gi-coupled Cell Surface Receptor (1999)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP) has been shown to inhibit chemotaxis of a variety of cells, in some cases through intracellular actions, while in others through receptor-mediated effects. Surprisingly, we found that low concentrations of SPP (10-100 nM) increased chemotaxis of HEK293 cells overexpressing the G protein-coupled SPP receptor EDG-1. In agreement with previous findings in human breast cancer cells (Wang, F., Nohara, K., Olivera, O., Thompson, E. W., and Spiegel, S. (1999) Exp. Cell Res. 247, 17-28), SPP, at micromolar concentrations, inhibited chemotaxis of both vector- and EDG-1-overexpressing HEK293 cells. Nanomolar concentrations of SPP also induced a marked increase in chemotaxis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), which express the SPP receptors EDG-1 and EDG-3, while higher concentrations of SPP were less effective. Treatment with pertussis toxin, which ADP-ribosylates and inactivates G(i)-coupled receptors, blocked SPP-induced chemotaxis. Checkerboard analysis indicated that SPP stimulates both chemotaxis and chemokinesis. Taken together, these data suggest that SPP stimulates cell migration by binding to EDG-1. Similar to SPP, sphinganine 1-phosphate (dihydro-SPP), which also binds to this family of SPP receptors, enhanced chemotaxis; whereas, another structurally related lysophospholipid, lysophosphatidic acid, did not compete with SPP for binding nor did it have significant effects on chemotaxis of endothelial cells. Furthermore, SPP increased proliferation of HUVEC and BAEC in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. SPP and dihydro-SPP also stimulated tube formation of BAEC grown on collagen gels (in vitro angiogenesis), and potentiated tube formation induced by basic fibroblast growth factor. Pertussis toxin treatment blocked SPP-, but not bFGF-stimulated in vitro angiogenesis. Our results suggest that SPP may play a role in angiogenesis through binding to endothelial cell G(i)-coupled SPP receptors.
A New Blood Collection Device Minimizes Cellular DNA Release During Sample Storage and Shipping When Compared to a Standard Device (2013)

BCTs prevent increases in gDNA levels that can occur during sample storage and shipping. This new device permits low abundance DNA target detection and allows accurate cfDNA concentrations.
Development of micro RNA therapeutics is coming of age (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key regulatory roles in diverse biological processes and are frequently dysregulated in human diseases. Thus, miRNAs have emerged as a class of promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we describe the current strategies for therapeutic modulation of miRNAs and provide an update on the development of miRNA-based therapeutics for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
Digital wavelength-selected DBR laser (2003)

Widely tunable monolithic InP lasers can, in principle, cover one or other of the Er-doped fibre amplifier windows. These windows span wavelength ranges of around 40-50nm. However, the change in refractive index that can be achieved by current injection into a grating section is limited to about 1-2% corresponding to around 10-20nm in wavelength, so some further mechanism is required to extend the tuning range. In this paper, we present a new multi-section, digital supermode DBR laser (DS-DBR) that can be controlled in a simple, quasi-digital manner. The wavelength is coarsely selected by applying current to one of the front contacts to form an enhanced reflection peak and select a sub-band of the total tuning range. Current applied to the rear grating contact allows tuning within that range and a phase section allows fine tuning control. By selecting front contacts in turn, the full tuning range of the device can be accessed. We will present an overview of the device together with some simple modelling to show how the device will perform. This will be followed by a brief description of the fabrication and a comprehensive set of experimental results including RIN and linewidth measurements.
Optimal rare query suggestion with implicit user feedback (2010)

Query suggestion has been an effective approach to help users narrow down to the information they need. However, most of existing studies focused on only popular/head queries. Since rare queries possess much less information (e.g., clicks) than popular queries in the query logs, it is much more difficult to efficiently suggest relevant queries to a rare query. In this paper, we propose an optimal rare query suggestion framework by leveraging implicit feedbacks from users in the query logs. Our model resembles the principle of pseudo-relevance feedback which assumes that top-returned results by search engines are relevant. However, we argue that the clicked URLs and skipped URLs contain different levels of information and thus should be treated differently. Hence, our framework optimally combines both the click and skip information from users and uses a random walk model to optimize the query correlation. Our model specifically optimizes two parameters: (1) the restarting (jumping) rate of random walk, and (2) the combination ratio of click and skip information. Unlike the Rocchio algorithm, our learning process does not involve the content of the URLs but simply leverages the click and skip counts in the query-URL bipartite graphs. Consequently, our model is capable of scaling up to the need of commercial search engines. Experimental results on one-month query logs from a large commercial search engine with over 40 million rare queries demonstrate the superiority of our framework, with statistical significance, over the traditional random walk models and pseudo-relevance feedback models.
Nutrient regulation of gene expression by the sterol regulatory element binding proteins: Increased recruitment of gene-specific coregulatory factors and selective hyperacetylation of histone H3 in vivo (2000)

We have evaluated the mechanism for sterol-regulated gene expression by the sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) in intact cells. We show that activation of SREBPs by sterol depletion results in the increased binding of Sp1 to a site adjacent to SREBP in the promoter for the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene in vivo. Similarly, sterol depletion resulted in the increased recruitment of two distinct SREBP coregulatory factors, NF-Y and CREB, to the promoter for hydroxymethyl glutaryl CoA reductase, another key gene of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. Furthermore, increased acetylation of histone H3 but not H4 was also detected in chromatin from both promoters on SREBP activation. Thus, SREBP activation results in the similar selective recruitment of different coregulatory generic transcription factors to two separate cholesterol-regulated promoters. These studies demonstrate the utility of the chromatin immunoprecipitation technique for analyzing the differential action of low-abundance transcription factors in fundamental regulatory events in intact cells. Our results also provide key in vivo support for the mechanism proposed from cell-free experiments, where SREBP increased the binding of Sp1 to the LDL receptor promoter. Finally, our findings also indicate that subtle differences in the pattern of core histone acetylation play a role in selective gene activation.
Purification and Characterization ofD-Tagatose 3-Epimerase fromPseudomonassp. ST-24 (1994)

A new enzyme, D-tagatose 3-epimerase, was found in Pseudomonas sp. ST-24 during the course of studies on D-sorbose fermentation. This new enzyme catalyzes epimerization of keto-sugars, for example between D-tagatose and D-sorbose, and between D-fructose and D-psicose. It was shown that this enzyme epimerizes the configuration at the C-3 position of these substrates. This epimerase didn’t act on D-fructose 6-phosphate and D-ribulose 5-phosphate. The enzyme has been purified from cells grown on a medium containing 1% D-glucose and 0.05% D-tagatose, and it appeared homogeneous on electrophoresis. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 68,000 by gel filtration and consists of two subunits identical in molecular weight (about 33,000 by SDS–PAGE). The maximum activity at 30°C was obtained at pH 7–9, and the enzyme was stable from pH 7–11. The optimum temperature was around 60°C, and it was stable up to 60°C for 10 min.
Rapid reaction of sulfide with hydrogen peroxide and formation of different final products by freezing compared to those in solution (2003)

Abstract The reaction of sulfide with hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution at pH 9 produces thiosulfate, sulfite, and an unknown sulfur compound as intermediates, and, finally, all sulfides convert to sulfate (Chen and Gupta, Environ Lett 1973, 4, 187–200; Yokosuka et al., Nihon Kagaku Kaishi 1975, 11, 1901–1909; Hoffmann, Environ Sci Technol 1977, 11, 61–66; Ràbai et al., J Phys Chem 1992, 96, 5414–5419). This reaction was found to be accelerated by freezing. The decomposition rate of sulfide by H 2 O 2 in freezing at −15°C was about 5 times faster than the maximum decomposition rate in solution at 25°C. The decomposition of sulfide by freezing obeys zero‐order kinetics, and the rate coefficient was 11.9 mol dm −3 min −1 at a freezing rate of 0.83 cm 3 min −1 . Zero‐order kinetics is one of the characteristics of freezing rate‐controlled reactions. Thiosulfate, sulfite, and an unknown sulfur compound were also observed as intermediates in the reaction by freezing. The decomposition of thiosulfate obeys first‐order kinetics, and the rate coefficient was 0.0496 min −1 at −15°C. The rate coefficient in freezing at −15°C is about 47 times faster than that in solution at 25°C. Sulfide, thiosulfate, and sulfite were consumed after 90 min. However, the unknown sulfur compound was not oxidized and was preserved in ice for a long time even in the presence of an excess of hydrogen peroxide. The concentration of an unknown sulfur compound in the frozen sample can be changed by changing the concentration of H 2 O 2 and the pH of the solution. Freezing could be used for rapid preparation and preservation of unstable substances in solution. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 35: 198–205, 2003
Domain III of NS5A contributes to both RNA replication and assembly of hepatitis C virus particles (2009)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A protein plays a critical role in viral RNA replication and has recently been shown to play a role in particle production in the infectious genotype 2a HCV clone (JFH-1). Here, we show that alanine substitutions of serines 2428/2430 within the C-terminal domain III of NS5A do not affect subgenomic replicon RNA replication but do reduce particle production. In contrast, substitution of serines 2390/2391 had no effect on either RNA replication or particle production. Relative to genotype 1, all genotype 2 HCV isolates contain a 19 residue insertion near the C terminus of domain III which, when deleted (Delta2408-2426), resulted in a delay to both RNA replication and particle production. None of these mutations affected the ratio of basal to hyperphosphorylated NS5A, suggesting that serines between residues 2390 and 2430 are not phosphorylated. We propose that although domain III is dispensable for RNA replication, it nevertheless influences this process.
Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein C Is Required for Complete Relaxation in Intact Myocytes (2007)

The role of cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) in cardiac contraction is still not fully resolved. Experimental ablation of cMyBP-C by various means resulted in inconsistent changes in Ca2+ sensitivity and increased velocity of force of skinned preparations. To evaluate how these effects are integrated in an intact, living myocyte context, we investigated consequences of cMyBP-C ablation in ventricular myocytes and left atria from cMyBP-C knock-out (KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT). At 6 weeks, KO myocytes exhibited mild hypertrophy that became more pronounced by 30 weeks. Isolated cells from KO exhibited markedly lower diastolic sarcomere length (SL) without change in diastolic Ca2+. The lower SL in KO was partly abolished by the actin-myosin ATPase inhibitors 2,3-butanedione monoxime or blebbistatin, indicating residual actin-myosin interaction in diastole. The relationship between cytosolic Ca2+ and SL showed that KO cells started to contract at lower Ca2+ without reaching a higher maximum, yielding a smaller area of the phase-plane diagram. Both sarcomere shortening and Ca2+ transient were prolonged in KO. Isolated KO left atria exhibited a marked increase in sensitivity to external Ca2+ and, in contrast to WT, continued to develop twitch force at low micromolar Ca2+. Taken together, the main consequence of cMyBP-C ablation was a defect in diastolic relaxation and a smaller dynamic range of cell shortening, both of which likely result from the increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Our findings indicate that cMyBP-C functions as a restraint on myosin-actin interaction at low Ca2+ and short SL to allow complete relaxation during diastole.
Dynamic Taint Analysis for Automatic Detection, Analysis, and Signature Generation of Exploits on Commodity Software (2018)

Software vulnerabilities have had a devastating effect on the Internet. Worms such as CodeRed and Slammer can compromise hundreds of thousands of hosts within hours or even minutes, and cause millions of dollars of damage [26, 43]. To successfully combat these fast automatic Internet attacks, we need fast automatic attack detection and filtering mechanisms. In this paper we propose dynamic taint analysis for automatic detection of overwrite attacks, which include most types of exploits. This approach does not need source code or special compilation for the monitored program, and hence works on commodity software. To demonstrate this idea, we have implemented TaintCheck, a mechanism that can perform dynamic taint analysis by performing binary rewriting at run time. We show that TaintCheck reliably detects most types of exploits. We found that TaintCheck produced no false positives for any of the many different programs that we tested. Further, we describe how TaintCheck could improve automatic signature generation in several ways.
The CM-2X: a hybrid CM-2/Xilinx prototype (2002)

This paper describes the CM-2X prototype. This one-of-a-kind machine is the result of a Supercomputing Research Center/Thinking Machines Corporation joint effort to examine the suitability of a hybrid combination of CM-2 architecture and Xilinx programmable gate array technology. In addition to a description of the CM-2X and Xilinx architecture, a simple applications example is provided that illustrates many of the issues involved in programming the machine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optical parametric oscillation in quasi-phase-matched GaP (2015)

Orientation patterned gallium phosphide (OP-GaP) is a new quasi-phase-matched (QPM) nonlinear optical (NLO) semiconductor for mid-infrared frequency generation. It overcomes several limitations of ZGP, the current NLO crystal of choice for 2-&mu;m-pumped optical parametric oscillators (OPOs): OP-GaP exhibits lower 2-&mu;m absorption loss, higher thermal conductivity, noncritical phase matching via quasi-phase matching (QPM), and a larger band gap that allows for pumping at 1064 nm. Here we report the first OPO based on bulk OP-GaP. Multi-grating OP-GaP QPM structures were grown by polar-on-nonpolar molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), lithographically patterned, reactive ion etched, and regrown by MBE to yield templates for subsequent bulk growth by low-pressure hydride vapor phase epitaxy (LP-HVPE). A Tm-fiber-pumped Ho:YAG pump laser was line narrowed with a volume Bragg grating (2090nm, 20W, 20kHz, 12 ns) and linearly polarized along the &lt;100&gt; orientation of the AR-coated 16.5 x 6.3 x 1.1 mm<sup>3</sup> OP-GaP crystal (QPM layer = 800 &mu;m thick, grating period = 92.7 &mu;m) mounted on a copper blocked maintained at 20°C by a thermo-electric cooler. The OPO cavity was a linear resonator with 10-cm ROC mirrors coated for DRO operation (85%R at signal, 55%R at idler). The pump spot size at the crystal face was 250 &mu;m. The observed OPO threshold was 3.1 W (44 MW/cm<sup>2</sup>) with a slope efficiency of 16% and a maximum output power of 350 mW until surface damage occurred at 1.25 to 1.5 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. The signal (3.54 &mu;m) and idler (5.1 &mu;m) output wavelengths agreed well with sellmeier predictions.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains Y4 and N27 adhere to hydroxyapatite by distinctive mechanisms (1985)

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains Y4 and N27 absorb to spheroidal hydroxyapatite in roughly the same numbers per milligram of substrate and with the same tenacity as two previously tested Cytophaga species. Although the two strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans exhibited similar affinities and number of binding sites for SHA, their response to enzyme treatment and heating were very different. The capacity of strain Y4 to attach to spheroidal hydroxyapatite was diminished by treatment with proteases and phospholipases and was unaffected by neuraminidase, while strain N27 was unaffected by proteases and phospholipases and lost its binding capabilities when treated with neuraminidase.