gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positive envelope feedback for linearity improvement in RFIC PAs (2017)

This paper introduces a dynamic biasing technique intended for Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) power amplifiers (PAs), using positive envelope feedback based on the instantaneous envelope signal at the output of the PA, for linearity improvement. Through the simulation, design and implementation of a 5.4 GHz SOI-CMOS PA, we demonstrate that the proposed positive envelope feedback technique allows extending the output 1 dB compression (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> ) point by 1.7 dB while meeting stability and noise requirements for a PA with P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> of 19.5 dB m. As a result, the same linearity performance is met at a higher power level, without resorting to device size increase and the associated current increase. Hence, the technique improves the efficiency/linearity trade-off. Moreover, the described technique requires negligible additional quiescent current, minimum additional chip area and has the potential for wide bandwidths, which makes it attractive for RFIC PAs.
Erythropoietin-Induced Neurovascular Protection, Angiogenesis, and Cerebral Blood Flow Restoration after Focal Ischemia in Mice (2006)

Restoration of local blood supply in the post-ischemic brain plays a critical role in tissue repair and functional recovery. The present investigation explored beneficial effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on vascular endothelial cell survival, angiogenesis, and restoration of local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in adult mice. Saline or rhEPO (5,000 U/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered 30 mins before ischemia and once daily after ischemic stroke. Immunohistochemistry showed an enhancing effect of rhEPO on expression of EPO receptor (EPOR) of endothelial cells in the penumbra region 3 to 21 days after the ischemic insult. The treatment with rhEPO decreased ischemia-induced cell death and infarct volume 3 days after stroke. Specifically, rhEPO reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUPT nick end labeling- and caspase-3-positive endothelial cells in the penumbra region. Colocalization of the vessel marker glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1) and cell proliferation marker 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine indicated enhanced angiogenic activity in rhEPO-treated mice 7 to 21 days after stroke. Western blot showed upregulation of the expression of angiogenic factors Tie-2, Angiopoietin-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor in rhEPO-treated animals. Local cerebral blood flow was measured by laser scanning imaging 3 to 21 days after stroke. At 14 days, LCBF in the penumbra was recovered to preischemia levels in rhEPO-treated mice but not in control mice. Our data suggest that rhEPO treatment upregulates the EPOR level in vascular endothelial cells, confers neurovascular protection, and enhances angiogenesis. We further show a promoting effect of rhEPO on LCBF recovery in the ischemic brain. These rhEPO-induced effects may contribute to therapeutic benefits in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Culture of Arterial Endothelial Cells (1975)

Arterial endothelial cells were obtained from bovine aortae by mild treatment with collagenase and medium perfusion. These cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 15mM Hepes buffer and 35% fetal calf serum at pH 7.35. Essentially all (90-95%) the effluent cells were viable and 80% of these cells attached to the substratum within 1 hour. Small patches of attached cells coalesced to form confluent monolayers in 3-5 days. Confluent monolayers of endothelial cells consisted of a homogeneous population of tightly packed, polygonal cells. Selected cultures were serially subcultured (trypsin-EDTA) for 12-14 months (30-35 passages) without any apparent change in morphology or loss of growth characteristics. Primary and three-month old (15 passages) cultures had population doubling times of 32-34 hours and 29-31 hours, respectively. These cells (primary and subcultures) did not require a minimum cell number to become established in culture. Bovine endothelial cells (primary, first, fifth and thirteenth passages) were characterized ultrastructurally by the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies, pinocytotic vesicles and microfilaments and immunologically by the presence of thrombosthenin-like contractile proteins and Factor VIII antigen. The intercellular junctions of post-confluenct cultures stained specifically with silver nitrate. From these data, we concluded that identifiable endothelial cells could be obtained from bovine aortae and cultured and maintained for prolonged periods of time.
Hybrid parallel programming with MPI and unified parallel C (2010)

The Message Passing Interface (MPI) is one of the most widely used programming models for parallel computing. However, the amount of memory available to an MPI process is limited by the amount of local memory within a compute node. Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) models such as Unified Parallel C (UPC) are growing in popularity because of their ability to provide a shared global address space that spans the memories of multiple compute nodes. However, taking advantage of UPC can require a large recoding effort for existing parallel applications.
Etanercept Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis (1999)

Etanercept can safely provide rapid, significant, and sustained benefit in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.
IN VITRO AND IN VIVO DRUG INTERACTIONS INVOLVING HUMAN CYP3A (1998)

Cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) is importantly involved in the metabolism of many chemically diverse drugs administered to humans. Moreover, its localization in high amounts both in the small intestinal epithelium and liver makes it a major contributor to presystemic elimination following oral drug administration. Drug interactions involving enzyme inhibition or induction are common following the coadministration of two or more CYP3A substrates. Studies using in vitro preparations are useful in identifying such potential interactions and possibly permitting extrapolation of in vitro findings to the likely in vivo situation. Even if accurate quantitative predictions cannot be made, several classes of drugs can be expected to result in a drug interaction based on clinical experience. In many instances, the extent of such drug interactions is sufficiently pronounced to contraindicate the therapeutic use of the involved drugs.
A Study of Nutritional Deficits of Long-stay Geriatric Patients (1993)

Current information suggests that dietary intake of nutrients declines with age and that undernutrition in elderly long-stay hospital patients may be under-recognized. We undertook to describe the daily dietary intakes of a group of elderly long-stay hospital patients (n = 92) (group A), using 7-day weighed dietary records. The aim of the study was to determine the adequacy of the diet and investigate whether any differences existed in the intakes of the hospital patients. An assessment of nutritional status was carried out by anthropometry, haematology and biochemistry and was validated by comparison with two further groups: fit young subjects (n = 41) (group B) and fit community elderly subjects (n = 92) (group C). Men in group B had the highest mean values for mid-arm circumference, arm-muscle circumference, corrected arm-muscle area and arm-fat area while women in group A had the lowest mean values for all measured anthropometric indices. There were significant correlations between daily energy intake and anthropometry for men in groups B and C. In group A 68% had intakes < 2/3 recommended daily allowance for energy, 100% for vitamin D, E, B6, folic acid; 98% for magnesium and zinc; and 90% for retinol. Serum calcium and serum alkaline phosphatase were correlated with vitamin D intake in men in group A. There was no biochemical or haematological evidence of undernutrition in the three groups. Elderly long-stay hospital patients were grossly undernourished and their dietary intake did not satisfy basal metabolic demands, based on recommended daily allowances.
Cloud auto-scaling with deadline and budget constraints (2010)

Clouds have become an attractive computing platform which offers on-demand computing power and storage capacity. Its dynamic scalability enables users to quickly scale up and scale down underlying infrastructure in response to business volume, performance desire and other dynamic behaviors. However, challenges arise when considering computing instance non-deterministic acquisition time, multiple VM instance types, unique cloud billing models and user budget constraints. Planning enough computing resources for user desired performance with less cost, which can also automatically adapt to workload changes, is not a trivial problem. In this paper, we present a cloud auto-scaling mechanism to automatically scale computing instances based on workload information and performance desire. Our mechanism schedules VM instance startup and shut-down activities. It enables cloud applications to finish submitted jobs within the deadline by controlling underlying instance numbers and reduces user cost by choosing appropriate instance types. We have implemented our mechanism in Windows Azure platform, and evaluated it using both simulations and a real scientific cloud application. Results show that our cloud auto-scaling mechanism can meet user specified performance goal with less cost.
Identification of cyclohexanone derivatives that act as catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerase I: effects on tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cancer cells (2011)

Breast cancer is commonly treated with anti-estrogens or aromatase inhibitors, but resistant disease eventually develops and new therapies for such resistance are of great interest. We have previously isolated several tamoxifen-resistant variant sub-lines of the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and provided evidence that they arose from expansion of pre-existing minor populations. We have searched for therapeutic agents that exhibit selective growth inhibition of the resistant lines and here investigate 2,6-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)-cyclohexanone (RL90) and 2,6-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)-cyclohexanone (RL91). We found that two of the tamoxifen-resistant sub-lines (TamR3 and TamC3) unexpectedly showed increased sensitivity to RL90 and RL91. We utilized growth inhibition assays, flow cytometry and immunoblotting to establish a mechanistic basis for their action. Treated sensitive cells showed S-phase selective DNA damage, as detected by histone H2AX phosphorylation. Cellular responses were similar to those induced by the topoisomerase I poison camptothecin. Although IC(50) values of camptothecin, RL90, RL91 were correlated, studies with purified mammalian topoisomerase I suggested that RL90 and RL91 differed from camptothecin by acting as catalytic topoisomerase I inhibitors. These drugs provide a platform for the further development of DNA damaging drugs that have selective effects on tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells. The results also raise the question of whether clinical topoisomerase I poisons such as irinotecan and topotecan might be active in the treatment of some types of tamoxifen-resistant cancer.
The hunt for dying neurons: insight into the neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease. (2006)

Neuronal loss is one of the major pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using rigorous quantitative methods, the distinct pattern of neuronal loss in pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration and in normal aging was clearly shown. Furthermore, the decrease of total neuronal numbers correlated in a considerable extent with the presence of neurofibrillary degeneration in the same brain regions. However, it appears that neurofibrillary tangles are not the only cause of reduction of neuronal populations, but also alternative triggers could induce neuronal death in this disease. Various inducers, most probably, activate different cell death pathways. Recently, apoptosis has been implicated as a possible mechanism for neuronal death. There is essentially no evidence of apoptosis in AD that would meet all criteria of its classical definition. Therefore it was suggested, that other modes of cell death could contribute to neuronal loss in AD and related disorders (Tab. 2, Ref. 70).
A Two-Site, Monoclonal Antibody-Based Immunoassay for von Willebrand Factor -Demonstration that vWF Function Resides in a Conformational Epitope (1986)

Two monoclonal antibodies (RFF-VIII:R/1 and RFF-VII:R/2) which recognise the same epitope on von Willebrand factor (vWF) have been used in a simple, two-site, solid-phase immunoradiometric (IRMA) or enzyme-linked assay (ELISA) to analyse vWF in plasma from normal individuals and from patients with von Willebrand's disease (vWD). Results obtained confirm our previous findings (using RFF-VIII:R/2 in a one-site, fluid-phase IRMA) that the MAbs detect the presence of an epitope on the vWF molecule that reflects its function. This epitope is involved in vWF binding to the GPIb protein on platelets. It is reduced in all types of vWD, including type II (or variant) vWD. It is present in normal plasma, in vWF released from normal platelets and from cultured umbilical cord vein endothelial cells. The epitope is, however, found to be reduced in serum. Studies on SDS-treated vWF prove that this GPIb-binding site is dependent on the conformation of the vWF multimers.
Proposed molecular basis of murine tumor cell-hepatocyte interaction. (1983)

Buffered Saline was composed of 0.1 M aqueous NaCl plus 0.
Rapid and sensitive microbial analysis by capillary isotachophoresis with continuous electrokinetic injection under field amplified conditions (2012)

A highly sensitive capillary isotachophoresis method with LIF detection for microbial analysis was developed. This allowed the reliable analysis of Escherichia coli bacteria with a LOD of 14 cells in a sample volume of 100 μL, or 1.35 × 10(2) cell/mL, which is 47 times lower than reported by CE-LIF and 148 times lower than CE-UV with on-line concentration. A leading electrolyte of 50 mM Tris-HCl was used while the cells were diluted in 5 mM Tris HEPES as the terminator. To facilitate detection, cells were stained with the universal nucleic acid fluorophore SYTO 9. Continuous electrokinetic injection of the cells from the terminator under field amplified conditions concentrated cells into a single peak at the leader/terminator boundary allowing quantitation by measurement of peak height. The method was applied to water collected from two local streams, with only filtration through a 5-μm syringe filter to remove large particulate matter followed by a ten times dilution in terminator, with total analysis time approximately 40 min. The detected cell numbers in the water samples by the isotachophoresis method were 3.70 × 10(5) cell/mL and 2.62 × 10(4) cell/mL, which were slightly higher than the 9.50 × 10(4) cell/mL and 1.96 × 10(4) cell/mL obtained by conventional microbiological plate counting.
The IdhA Gene Encoding the Fermentative Lactate Dehydrogenase of Escherichia Coli (1997)

Under anaerobic conditions, especially at low pH, Escherichia coli converts pyruvate to D-lactate by means of an NADH-linked lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). This LDH is present in substantial basal levels under all conditions but increases approximately 10-fold at low pH. The ldhA gene, encoding the fermentative lactate dehydrogenase of E. coli, was cloned using lambda 10E6 of the Kohara collection as the source of DNA. The IdhA gene was subcloned on a 2.8 kb MluI-MluI fragment into a multicopy vector and the region encompassing the gene was sequenced. The IdhA gene of E. coli was highly homologous to genes for other D-lactate-specific dehydrogenases but unrelated to those for the L-lactate-specific enzymes. We constructed a disrupted derivative of the ldhA gene by inserting a kanamycin resistance cassette into the unique KpnI site within the coding region. When transferred to the chromosome, the ldhA::Kan construct abolished the synthesis of the D-LDH completely. When present in high copy number, the ldhA gene was greatly overexpressed, suggesting escape from negative regulation. Cells expressing high levels of the D-LDH grew very poorly, especially in minimal medium. This poor growth was largely counteracted by supplementation with high alanine or pyruvate concentrations, suggesting that excess LDH converts the pyruvate pool to lactate, thus creating a shortage of 3-carbon metabolic intermediates. Using an ldhA-cat gene fusion construct we isolated mutants which no longer showed pH-dependent regulation of the ldhA gene. Some of these appeared to be in the pta gene, which encodes phosphotransacetylase, suggesting the possible involvement of acetyl phosphate in ldhA regulation.
Squalene–hopene cyclase: catalytic mechanism and substrate recognition (2002)

Rapid progress on the catalytic mechanism and substrate recognition by squalene-hopene cyclase, which has occurred only in the last several years, is reported. A series of site-directed mutation experiments and some squalene analogues have provided deep insight into the polycyclization mechanism and catalytic sites in conjunction with the information from X-ray crystal data.
A HIGH-YIELD FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATE SUITABLE FOR ADVANCED HEAT TREATMENT (1987)

The heat treatment of Factor VIII concentrates in the freeze-dried state has been widely adopted to inactivate Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which may be present. However, the degree of heating that can be applied has been limited by adverse effects on product yield and quality (eg.solubility).The established SNBTS product (1) can be heated for up to 2 hours at 68°C in the absence of stabiliser and for up to 24 hours at 68°C in the presence of 2% sucrose.These conditions are believed to inactivate HIV but are not considered sufficient to destroy the hepatitis viruses.Therefore, a new product has been developed which can be heated more severely (eg.80°C for 72 hours) with the objective of destroying all potential viral contaminants while retaining good product solubility and a yield consistent with the maintenance of national self-sufficiency.The process combines Zn++ precipitation of cryoprecipitate (2) and Ca++ stabilisation of VIII:C (2,3) with developments in extraction, adsorption, formulation, freezing and freeze drying. Cryoprecipitate is extracted in an equal volume of tris buffer; further purification is achieved by precipitation with cold zinc acetate and adsorption with Al(OH)3.The supernatant solution is stabilised by adding Na3 citrate, CaC12, NaCl and sucrose; then concentrated and diafiltered to a final formulation of 20mM tris, 130mM NaCl, 30mM Na3 citrate, 4mM CaC12 and 3% sucrose.The product is dispensed at 15ml (VIII:C 20iu/ml) for reconstitution in 20ml.A critical part of the process is a special 2-stage freezing procedure where the product is supercooled to -5°C before freezing to -50°C. Sublimation is completed with the product temperature held below -30°C at a pressure of 0.08 - O.10mbar. This process has been carried out at full-scale (750 litres plasma) giving a readily soluble, improved, intermediate -purity product with an VIII:C yield of 300iu/litre plasma after heat treatment.
Tuning and predicting biological affinity: aryl nitriles as cysteine protease inhibitors (2012)

A series of aryl nitrile-based ligands were prepared to investigate the effect of their electrophilicity on the affinity against the cysteine proteases rhodesain and human cathepsin L. Density functional theory calculations provided relative reactivities of the nitriles, enabling prediction of their biological affinity and cytotoxicity and a clear structure-activity relationship.
Relationship between perioperative glycemic control and postoperative infections (2009)

Perioperative hyperglycemia in critically ill surgery patients increases the risk of postoperative infection (POI), which is a common, and often costly, surgical complication. Hyperglycemia is associated with abnormalities in leukocyte function, including granulocyte adherence, impaired phagocytosis, delayed chemotaxis, and depressed bactericidal capacity. These leukocyte deficiencies are the cause of infection and improve with tight glycemic control, which leads to fewer POIs in critically ill surgical patients. Tight glycemic control, such as intensive insulin therapy, has a risk of hypoglycemia. In addition, the optimal targeted blood glucose range to reduce POI remains unknown. Since 2006, we have investigated tight perioperative blood glucose control using a closed-loop artificial endocrine pancreas system, to reduce POI and to avoid hypoglycemia. In this Topic Highlight, we review the relationship between perioperative glycemic control and POI, including the use of the artificial pancreas.
Quantitative SERS Measurements on Dielectric-Overcoated Silver-Island Films by Solution-Deposition Control of Surface Concentrations (1999)

A simple method to control the dosing of small adsorbate molecules onto solid surfaces from liquid solution is applied to quantitative surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurements on dielectric-overcoated silver-island films. The deposition method, based on substrate withdrawal from solution, is evaluated by measuring fluorescence (ex situ) and optical absorption (in situ) of dye molecules deposited onto glass surfaces. Control of adsorbate surface concentrations was accomplished by varying the withdrawal rate and the concentration of the dye in solution. The dosing method was used to study the dependence of the electromagnetic contribution to SERS enhancement on surface coverage of scatterer. The sensitivity enhancement was found to be constant for adsorbate coverages up to 60-80% of a monolayer. Beyond a full monolayer, SERS enhancement for additional molecules deposited onto the surface was found to drop significantly, by as much as 1 order of magnitude.
Routing Worm: A Fast, Selective Attack Worm Based on IP Address Information (2005)

Most well-known worms, such as Code Red, Slammer, Blaster, and Sasser, infected vulnerable computers by scanning the entire IPv4 address space. In this paper, we present an advanced worm called "routing worm", which implements two advanced attacking techniques. First, a routing worm uses BGP routing tables to only scan the Internet mutable address space, which allows it propagate three times faster than a traditional worm. Second, and more importantly, the geographic information of BGP routing prefixes enables a routing worm to conduct pinpoint "selective attacks" by imposing heavy damage to vulnerable computers in a specific country, company, Internet service provider, or autonomous system, without collateral damage done to others. Because of the inherent publicity of BGP routing tables, attackers can easily deploy routing worms, which distinguishes the routing worm from other "worst-case" worms. Compared to a traditional worm, a routing worm could possibly cause more severe congestion to the Internet backbone since all scans sent out by a routing worm are Internet mutable (and can only be dropped at the destinations). In addition, it is harder to quickly detect a routing-worm infected computer since we cannot distinguish illegal scans from regular connections without waiting for traffic responses. In order to defend against routing worms and all scanning worms, an effective way is to upgrade the current Internet from IPv4 to IPv6, although such an upgrade will require a tremendous effort and is still a controversial issue.
A New Method for the Preparation of Bis(1-hydroxyalkyl)-phosphinic Acids (1987)

Bis(1-hydroxyalkyl)phosphinic acids 6 have been conveniently obtained by addition of bis(trimethylsiloxy)phosphine 1 to aldehydes or ketones 2 in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane and triethylamine, followed by ethanolysis of the resulting trimethylsilyl bis(1-trimethylsiloxyalkyl)-phosphinales 5.