gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Comparative Dose-Response Effects of Melatonin and Midazolam for Premedication of Adult Patients: A Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study (2000)

We designed this prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study to compare the perioperative effects of different doses of melatonin and midazolam. Doses of 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/kg sublingual midazolam or melatonin or placebo were given to 84 women, approximately 100 min before a standard anesthetic. Sedation, anxiety, and orientation were quantified before, 10, 30, 60, and 90 min after premedication, and 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after admission to the recovery room. Psychomotor performance of the patient was evaluated at these times also, by using the digit-symbol substitution test and Trieger dot test. Patients who received premedication with either midazolam or melatonin had a significant decrease in anxiety levels and increase in levels of sedation preoperatively compared with control subjects. Patients in the three midazolam groups experienced significant psychomotor impairment in the preoperative period compared with melatonin or placebo. After operation, patients who received 0.2 mg/kg midazolam premedication had increased levels of sedation at 90 min compared with 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg melatonin groups. In addition, patients in the three midazolam groups had impairment of performance on the digit-symbol substitution test at all times compared with the 0.05 mg/kg melatonin group. Premedication with 0.05 mg/kg melatonin was associated with preoperative anxiolysis and sedation without impairment of cognitive and psychomotor skills or affecting the quality of recovery. Implications Premedication with 0.05 mg/kg melatonin was associated with preoperative anxiolysis and sedation without impairment of cognitive and psychomotor skills or affecting the quality of recovery.
Strategies for Control of Fungal Diseases with Transgenic Plants (1993)

Fungal diseases have been one of the principal causes of crop losses ever since humans started to cultivate plants. To date, the epidemic spread of fungal diseases is controlled by (a) various crop husbandry techniques, such as crop rotation and avoiding the spread of infested soil and pathogen-carrying plant materials, (b) breeding of fungus-resistant cultivars of crops, and (c) the application of agrochemicals. Although breeders have succeeded in producing cultivars resistant to fungal diseases, the time-consuming processes of making crosses and back-crosses and the selection of progenies for the presence of resistance traits make it difficult to react adequately to the evolution of new virulent fungal races. Therefore, farmers often have to use chemicals. However, agrochemicals are costly, and eventually they become less efficient due to the evolution of the pathogen. In addition, both their production and their persistence in the soil after use are potentially harmful to the environment. The growing concern about the environment, together with a strong motivation to lower production costs, encourages the development of cultivars of crops that require few chemicals. Newly developed technologies in plant breeding such as restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques and gene transfer methods can be used to develop these cultivars. In contrast to conventional breeding, this latter technology allows the transfer of traits from one species into the genomes of plants of other species, with the preservation of the intrinsic properties of the acceptor plant. Currently, much energy is being applied to identifying and isolating genes that upon transfer may render target plants resistant to fungi. Some of these efforts are being focused on resistance genes known from conventional breeding programs. Furthermore, there is an extensive search for genes that encode enzymes involved in the synthesis of compounds toxic to fungi and for genes that encode proteins with a direct inhibitory effect on the growth of fungi. Moreover, possibilities to exploit genes encoding inhibitors of fungal enzymes to obtain resistance are being investigated.
Selective On-Line Preconcentration of Proteins by Tandem Metal Chelate Capillaries-Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (1993)

Abstract Fused-silica capillaries having surface bound iminodiacetic acid metal chelating functions were developed for the selective on-line preconcentration of dilute protein samples prior to capillary zone electrophoresis. The metal chelate capillaries with immobilized zinc proved effective in the selective accumulation of detectable amounts of proteins from dilute samples. They permitted the detection of 25 times less concentrated samples than by CZE alone with concentration sensitive detectors. Large sample volumes could be introduced without affecting separation efficiency. Besides demonstrating the effectiveness of metal chelate capillaries in the quantitative determination of proteins from dilute samples, the effects of pH. composition of electrolytes and sample feeding time on the analytical signal were examined with carbonic anhydrase, a zinc binding protein.
MicroRNAs and other small RNAs enriched in the Arabidopsis RNA-dependent RNA polymerase-2 mutant (2006)

The Arabidopsis genome contains a highly complex and abundant population of small RNAs, and many of the endogenous siRNAs are dependent on RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase 2 (RDR2) for their biogenesis. By analyzing an rdr2 loss-of-function mutant using two different parallel sequencing technologies, MPSS and 454, we characterized the complement of miRNAs expressed in Arabidopsis inflorescence to considerable depth. Nearly all known miRNAs were enriched in this mutant and we identified 13 new miRNAs, all of which were relatively low abundance and constitute new families. Trans-acting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs) were even more highly enriched. Computational and gel blot analyses suggested that the minimal number of miRNAs in Arabidopsis is approximately 155. The size profile of small RNAs in rdr2 reflected enrichment of 21-nt miRNAs and other classes of siRNAs like ta-siRNAs, and a significant reduction in 24-nt heterochromatic siRNAs. Other classes of small RNAs were found to be RDR2-independent, particularly those derived from long inverted repeats and a subset of tandem repeats. The small RNA populations in other Arabidopsis small RNA biogenesis mutants were also examined; a dcl2/3/4 triple mutant showed a similar pattern to rdr2, whereas dcl1-7 and rdr6 showed reductions in miRNAs and ta-siRNAs consistent with their activities in the biogenesis of these types of small RNAs. Deep sequencing of mutants provides a genetic approach for the dissection and characterization of diverse small RNA populations and the identification of low abundance miRNAs.
Data-driven enhancement of facial attractiveness (2008)

When human raters are presented with a collection of shapes and asked to rank them according to their aesthetic appeal, the results often indicate that there is a statistical consensus among the raters. Yet it might be difficult to define a succinct set of rules that capture the aesthetic preferences of the raters. In this work, we explore a data-driven approach to aesthetic enhancement of such shapes. Specifically, we focus on the challenging problem of enhancing the aesthetic appeal (or the attractiveness ) of human faces in frontal photographs (portraits), while maintaining close similarity with the original. The key component in our approach is an automatic facial attractiveness engine trained on datasets of faces with accompanying facial attractiveness ratings collected from groups of human raters. Given a new face, we extract a set of distances between a variety of facial feature locations, which define a point in a high-dimensional "face space". We then search the face space for a nearby point with a higher predicted attractiveness rating. Once such a point is found, the corresponding facial distances are embedded in the plane and serve as a target to define a 2D warp field which maps the original facial features to their adjusted locations. The effectiveness of our technique was experimentally validated by independent rating experiments, which indicate that it is indeed capable of increasing the facial attractiveness of most portraits that we have experimented with.
Thingi10K: A Dataset of 10,000 3D-Printing Models (2016)

Empirically validating new 3D-printing related algorithms and implementations requires testing data representative of inputs encountered \emph{in the wild}. An ideal benchmarking dataset should not only draw from the same distribution of shapes people print in terms of class (e.g., toys, mechanisms, jewelry), representation type (e.g., triangle soup meshes) and complexity (e.g., number of facets), but should also capture problems and artifacts endemic to 3D printing models (e.g., self-intersections, non-manifoldness). We observe that the contextual and geometric characteristics of 3D printing models differ significantly from those used for computer graphics applications, not to mention standard models (e.g., Stanford bunny, Armadillo, Fertility). We present a new dataset of 10,000 models collected from an online 3D printing model-sharing database. Via analysis of both geometric (e.g., triangle aspect ratios, manifoldness) and contextual (e.g., licenses, tags, classes) characteristics, we demonstrate that this dataset represents a more concise summary of real-world models used for 3D printing compared to existing datasets. To facilitate future research endeavors, we also present an online query interface to select subsets of the dataset according to project-specific characteristics. The complete dataset and per-model statistical data are freely available to the public.
Up-Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR- ) and PPAR- Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Liver in Murine Obesity: Troglitazone Induces Expression of PPAR- -Responsive Adipose Tissue-Specific Genes in the Liver of Obese Diabetic Mice (2000)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors that play an important role in the regulation of genes involved in lipid utilization and storage, lipoprotein metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, and insulin action.The three isoforms of the PPAR family, i.e. , , and , have distinct tissue distribution patterns.PPAR- is predominantly present in the liver, and PPAR- in adipose tissue, whereas PPAR- is ubiquitously expressed.A recent study reported increased PPAR- messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the liver in ob/ob mice; however, it is not known whether increased PPAR- expression in the liver has any functional consequences.The expression of PPAR- and - in the liver in obesity has not been determined.We have now examined the mRNA levels of PPAR-, -, and - in three murine models of obesity, namely, ob/ob (leptin-deficient), db/db (leptin-receptor deficient), and serotonin 5-HT2c receptor (5-HT2cR) mutant mice.5-HT2cR mutant mice develop a late-onset obesity that is associated with higher plasma leptin levels.Our results show that PPAR- mRNA levels in the liver are increased by 2-to 3-fold in all three obese models, whereas hepatic PPAR- mRNA levels are increased by 7-to 9-fold in ob/ob and db/db
Working memory deficits in adult rats after prenatal disruption of neurogenesis (2004)

We investigated the cognitive consequences of a prenatal injection of the mitotic inhibitor methylazoxymethanol (MAM) into pregnant rats at embryonic day 15 (E15) or 17 (E17). The male offspring were tested when adult on a version of the radial-arm maze task that assesses spatial working memory with an extended delay, where performance is dependent, in part, on the hippocampal-prefrontal circuit. A major impairment of spatial learning was observed in E15 MAM rats. However, the E17 MAM rats did learn the rule but were impaired selectively in the 30-min delay-interposed task. Morphologically, the E15 MAM rats exhibited dramatic gross brain abnormalities, whereas the E17 MAM animals displayed aberrant cell migration in the hippocampus and a disrupted laminar pattern in the neocortex. These results suggest that late gestational MAM injection (E17) causes a cognitive impairment in a prefrontal cortex-hippocampus-dependent working memory task. This approach could provide a new developmental model of disorders associated with working memory deficits, such as schizophrenia.
Initiation of atherosclerotic lesions in cholesterol-fed rabbits. I. Focal increases in arterial LDL concentration precede development of fatty streak lesions. (1989)

We have reported that arterial low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations and degradation rates in normal rabbits are elevated in those aortic sites most susceptible to early atheromatous lesions resulting from cholesterol feeding. Here we asked whether the focal differences in LDL metabolism observed in normolipidemic rabbits are accentuated during the first 16 days of feeding 2% cholesterol and whether such changes occur before accumulation of significant numbers of macrophage foam cells. No lesions were grossly visible after 16 days of cholesterol feeding. Histology indicated that macrophage foam cells were sparse during this interval and were found only in lesion-prone sites at longer feeding times. We used LDL labeled both with 131I (to trace undegraded LDL), and with the intracellularly trapped ligand 125I-tyramine cellobiose (to trace degraded plus undegraded LDL). The most profound change was a marked and focal increase in the concentration of intact LDL within the arterial wall of lesion-prone sites. After 16 days of cholesterol feeding when the plasma LDL cholesterol concentration had increased 7.6-fold, the concentration of intact LDL in lesion-prone branch sites of the abdominal aorta was increased by 22-fold (from 2.5 to 54 micrograms LDL cholesterol/g). These concentrations were two and 5.7 times, respectively, as great as in the lesion-resistant, nonbranch areas of the abdominal aorta of the same animals. Similar, but less striking, results were found when the lesion-prone aortic arch and intercostal orifices of the thoracic aorta were compared with adjacent lesion-resistant sites. Arterial LDL degradation rates expressed in terms of LDL mass also increased with time of cholesterol feeding, and were greater in the aortic arch and in branch sites of the abdominal aorta than in adjacent lesion-resistant sites. However, fractional rates of degradation of arterial LDL were decreased in all sites by cholesterol feeding, and were lower in susceptible than in resistant sites. This was probably due in large part to saturation and down-regulation of LDL receptors. The timing, focal nature, and site-specificity of these changes suggest that an increased concentration of LDL in the arterial wall may be an early indication of lesion formation and, in fact, may be a necessary first step in the pathogenesis of the fatty streak lesion in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
Multiphoton fluorescence excitation: new spectral windows for biological nonlinear microscopy. (1996)

Intrinsic, three-dimensionally resolved, microscopic imaging of dynamical structures and biochemical processes in living preparations has been realized by nonlinear laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. The search for useful two-photon and three-photon excitation spectra, motivated by the emergence of nonlinear microscopy as a powerful biophysical instrument, has now discovered a virtual artist's palette of chemical indicators, fluorescent markers, and native biological fluorophores, including NADH, flavins, and green fluorescent proteins, that are applicable to living biological preparations. More than 25 two-photon excitation spectra of ultraviolet and visible absorbing molecules reveal useful cross sections, some conveniently blue-shifted, for near-infrared absorption. Measurements of three-photon fluorophore excitation spectra now define alternative windows at relatively benign wavelengths to excite deeper ultraviolet fluorophores. The inherent optical sectioning capability of nonlinear excitation provides three-dimensional resolution for imaging and avoids out-of-focus background and photodamage. Here, the measured nonlinear excitation spectra and their photophysical characteristics that empower nonlinear laser microscopy for biological imaging are described.
Carboranylhalonium ions: from striking reactivity to a unified mechanistic analysis of polar reactions of diarylhalonium compounds (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarboranylhalonium ions: from striking reactivity to a unified mechanistic analysis of polar reactions of diarylhalonium compoundsV. V. GrushinCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25, 11, 529–536Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00023a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00023a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views898Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clinical characteristics of diabetic patients suffering from bacterial liver abscess (2011)

Diabetic patients suffering from bacterial liver abscess was rare in the past.Now with the development of diagnostic technique and clinical recognition,the incidence of bacterial liver abscess seems to be increasing in diabetic patients.However,the pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,laboratory examination,pathogenic bacterium and treatment are different in diabetic ones.The clinical manifestation of diabetic patients was not typical and it was easy to misdiagnose the disease.Compared with nondiabetic patients,the treatment was more difficult in diabetic ones,which made the clinicians to pay more attention to it.

Key words: 
Diabetes mellitus;  Bacterial liver abscess;  Clinical characteristics
Why is This Happening? A Causal Attribution Approach to Work Exhaustion Consequences (2000)

In an effort to clarify the literature on work exhaustion (or job burnout), the author integrates causal attribution research and the burnout and exhaustion literature to develop an attributional model of work exhaustion consequences. With this model the author suggests that individuals experiencing work exhaustion will not exhibit all of the job attitudes and behaviors found to correlate with exhaustion. Rather, individuals are likely to experience a subset of these, depending on their perceptions regarding the cause of exhaustion. The author also discusses implications and directions for future research.
Comparative Results Between Conventional and Computer-Assisted Pedicle Screw Installation in the Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral Spine (2000)

Computer assistance can decrease the incidence of incorrectly positioned pedicle screws.
Progression of snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea: the role of increasing weight and time (2008)

The aim of the present study was to examine the natural evolution of primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in adult male patients. Retrospective analysis was performed on 160 untreated patients with primary snoring and mild, moderate and severe OSA who had two polysomnographic recordings. The mean time between recordings (TBR) was 5.1+/-3 yrs. The mean apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI), body mass index (BMI), and lowest arterial oxygen saturation level during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep showed a significant worsening effect. The change in AHI differed among the groups showing a similar significant increase in AHI for primary snoring, mild and moderate OSA and an insignificant decrease for severe OSA patients. Stepwise linear regression showed that only DeltaBMI and time were significant predictors for AHI change. A model for the mean AHI change showed that DeltaAHI = (4.33xDeltaBMI) + (0.66xTBR). After adjusting for confounders, multiple regression analysis indicated that age and high BMI, but not AHI, were significant risk factors for developing hypertension and/or cardiovascular disease. Patients with primary snoring and mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnoea had a similar increase in the apnoea/hypopnoea index over time, which depended mainly on weight gain and, to a lesser extent, on time.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–Akt Pathway Plays a Critical Role in Early Cardiomyogenesis by Regulating Canonical Wnt Signaling (2005)

We have recently reported that activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a critical role in the early stage of cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19CL6 cells. We here examined molecular mechanisms of how PI3K is involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation. DNA chip analysis revealed that expression levels of Wnt-3a were markedly increased and that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway was activated temporally during the early stage of cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19CL6 cells. Activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway during this period was required and sufficient for cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19CL6 cells. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway suppressed the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and degradation of beta-catenin. Suppression of cardiomyocyte differentiation by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway was rescued by forced expression of a nonphosphorylated, constitutively active form of beta-catenin. These results suggest that the PI3K pathway regulates cardiomyocyte differentiation through suppressing the GSK-3beta activity and maintaining the Wnt/beta-catenin activity.
Plasmodium falciparum BAEBL Binds to Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans on the Human Erythrocyte Surface (2009)

Erythrocyte invasion is critical to the pathogenesis and survival of the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. This process is partly mediated by proteins that belong to the Duffy binding-like family, which are expressed on the merozoite surface. One of these proteins, BAEBL (also known as EBA-140), is thought to bind to glycophorin C in a sialic acid-dependent manner. In this report, by the binding assay between recombinant BAEBL protein and enzyme-treated erythrocytes, we show that the binding of BAEBL to erythrocytes is mediated primarily by sialic acid and partially through heparan sulfate (HS). Because BAEBL binds to several kinds of HS proteoglycans or purified HS, the BAEBL-HS binding was found to be independent of the HS proteoglycan peptide backbone and the presence of sialic acid moieties. Furthermore, both the sialic acid- and HS-dependent binding were disrupted by the addition of soluble heparin. This inhibition may be the result of binding between BAEBL and heparin. Invasion assays demonstrated that HS-dependent binding was related to the efficiency of merozoite invasion. These results suggest that HS functions as a factor that promotes the binding of BAEBL and merozoite invasion. Moreover, these findings may explain the invasion inhibition mechanisms observed following the addition of heparin and other sulfated glycoconjugates.