gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of an infectious laryngotracheitis virus equivalent to the herpes simplex virus type 2 major DNA binding protein (ICP8). (1990)

A region of homology between the genomic DNA of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), an avian herpesvirus, and the region encoding the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) major DNA binding protein (ICP8) has been detected by the use of nick translation and Southern blot analysis. Further, a monoclonal antibody directed against the HSV-2 ICP8 protein detected has antigenic cross-reaction with ILTV as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence.
E.勒维纳:兼具耶路撒冷和雅典精神的思想家 (1998)

1995年11月25日星期一,再过几天就是埃马纽埃尔·勒维纳(Emmanuel Levinas)的90华诞了。然而就在这天的凌晨,他在巴黎的的博戎诊所去世了,在此前一天,他因严重的心脏并发症被这家诊所收诊。 这篇哲学传记试图探索他进行思考的动力的来龙去脉以及他在这种思考过程中思想的发展进程,从而对这位西方哲学大师、尤其是对话思想大师作出公正的评价。我特别要指出,作为思想家,勒维纳的个性中具有双重性:一方面他实际上是个“犹太人”,另一方面,他又完全是个“西方人”。因此他经常在耶路撒冷和雅典这两极之间忙碌,或者说在预言和哲学之间忙碌(TI Ⅻ)。然而,他是一位严格意义上的哲学家,从来没有利用《圣经》或犹太教的经文作为某种反思观点的论据或证明,相反,他在大部分情况下总是设法阐明某种观点。这并没有贬低这一事实,即像每一位思想家一样,勒维纳朴素的体验(exp(?)riences naturelles),或者“前哲学体验”,也就是说他基本的犹太人体验,总是给他的哲学思考带来活力。在他典型的有关犹太人的著作中,他始终不渝地把犹太教的洞见和经文“希腊化”,换句话说,他毫无遮掩地介绍他们的形而上学、人类学和伦理学,并把它们变成在思想上易于传授的东西,但即使这样,他仍是一位哲学家。
Avaliação multimétodo de competências empáticas em estudantes universitários (2015)

A great deal of research has been devoted to the scientific study of empathy, with researchers often resorting to the use of questionnaires as a main source of information on participants’ empathic skills. However, the exclusive use of selfreport methods entails some important methodological limitations. Thus, the development of additional forms of assessment of empathy is required. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adult empathy self-reports and their performance in behavioral measures of empathic ability – emotion recognition in photos of faces and subjective impact of emotional videos. Participants were 81 adults, aged between 18 and 67 years, who attended public and private universities in the city of Sao Paulo. In order to assess participants’ empathic abilities, Davis’ Interpersonal Reactivity Index was administered, as well as two computerized tasks. In the first one, participants were asked identify the emotions conveyed by 40 photos of human faces, choosing from four basic emotions: happiness, sadness, anger and fear. In the second one, participants observed short video clips with an emotional content and were then asked to rate the level of subjective emotional impact. The correlation analyses indicate that self-report instruments and behavioral measures are complementary, favoring a multi-method approach to the assessment of empathic abilities in adults
Invasion and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer: Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition, Stem Cells and β-Catenin (2005)

Invasion by colorectal carcinomas is characterized by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like dedifferentiation of the tumor cells. However, a redifferentiation towards an epithelial phenotype, resembling a mesenchymal-epithelial transition, is detectable in metastases. This indicates that malignant progression is based on dynamic processes, which cannot be explained solely by irreversible genetic alterations, but must be additionally regulated by the tumor environment. The main oncoprotein in colorectal cancer is the Wnt pathway effector beta-catenin, which is overexpressed due to mutations in the APC tumor suppressor in most cases. EMT of the tumor cells is associated with a nuclear accumulation of the transcriptional activator beta-catenin, which is reversed in metastases. Nuclear beta-catenin is involved in two fundamental processes in embryonic development: EMT and stem cell formation. Accumulating data demonstrate that aberrant nuclear expression of beta-catenin can also confer these two abilities to tumor cells, thereby driving malignant tumor progression.
Influence of Vector Dose on Factor IX-Specific T and B Cell Responses in Muscle-Directed Gene Therapy (2002)

Intramuscular injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector has resulted in vector dose-dependent, stable expression of canine factor IX (cF.IX) in hemophilia B dogs with an F.IX missense mutation (Herzog et al., Nat. Med. 1999;5:56-63). The use of a species-specific transgene allowed us to study risks and characteristics of antibody formation against the therapeutic transgene product. We analyzed seven dogs that had been injected at a single time point at multiple intramuscular sites with varying vector doses (dose per kilogram, dose per animal, dose per site). Comparison of individual animals suggests an increased likelihood of inhibitory anti-cF.IX (inhibitor) development with increased vector doses, with dose per site showing the strongest correlation with the risk of inhibitor formation. In six of seven animals, such immune responses were either absent or transient, and therefore did not prevent sustained systemic expression of cF.IX. Transient inhibitory/neutralizing anti-cF.IX responses occurred at vector doses of 2 x 10(12)/site, whereas a 6-fold higher dose resulted in a longer lasting, higher titer inhibitor. Anti-cF.IX was efficiently blocked in an eighth animal that was injected with a high vector dose per site, but in addition received transient immune suppression. Inhibitor formation was characterized by synthesis of two IgG subclasses and in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes to cF.IX antigen, indicating a helper T cell-dependent mechanism. Anti-cF.IX formation is likely influenced by the extent of local antigen presentation and may be avoided by limited vector doses or by transient immune modulation.
Comparison of the analgesic effects of intravenous paracetamol and lornoxicam in postoperative pain following thyroidectomies (2011)

Administration of iv lornoxicam and iv paracetamol following thyroid surgery decreased the postoperative pain scores and opioid requirement, as well as the incidence of nausea and vomiting, while also prolonging the time to the first analgesic supplement.
Loading mitomycin C inside long circulating hyaluronan targeted nano‐liposomes increases its antitumor activity in three mice tumor models (2003)

The frequent overexpression of the hyaluronan receptors CD44 and RHAMM in cancer cells opens the door for targeting by the naturally-occurring high-M(r) hyaluronan. This is the first time effective in vivo tumor targeting is reported for mitomycin C (MMC) loaded inside nano-sized hyaluronan-liposomes (denoted tHA-LIP). The severe adverse effects of free MMC made it a rational candidate for an effective targeted carrier. In vitro, loading MMC inside tHA-LIP increased drug potency 100-fold, in cells overexpressing, but not in cells underexpressing, hyaluronan receptors. Both types of liposomes were non-toxic and reduced MMC-related toxicity in healthy C57BL/6 mice. In 3 tumor models, BALB/c bearing C-26 solid tumors; C57BL/6 bearing B16F10.9 or (separately) D122 lung metastasis, tHA-LIP were long-circulating, 7-fold and 70-fold longer than nt-LIP and free MMC, respectively. tHA-LIP-mediated MMC accumulation in tumor-bearing lungs was 20% of injected dose, compared to 0.6% and 4% with free drug and nt-LIP, respectively. Tumor-free lungs showed low accumulation, irrespective of drug formulation. Key indicators of therapeutic responses, tumor progression, metastatic burden and survival, were superior (p < 0.001) in animals receiving MMC-loaded tHA-LIP, no treatment, MMC-loaded nt-LIP and free drug. In conclusion, tHA-LIP perform as tumor-targeted carriers, with promising prospects for treatment of tumors overexpressing hyaluronan receptors.
Mutations of the GREAT gene cause cryptorchidism (2002)

In humans, failure of testicular descent (cryptorchidism) is one of the most frequent congenital malformations, affecting 1-3% of newborn boys. The clinical consequences of this abnormality are infertility in adulthood and a significantly increased risk of testicular malignancy. Recently, we described a mouse transgene insertional mutation, crsp, causing high intraabdominal cryptorchidism in homozygous males. A candidate gene Great (G-protein-coupled receptor affecting testis descent), was identified within the transgene integration site. Great encodes a seven-transmembrane receptor with a close similarity to the glycoprotein hormone receptors. The Great gene is highly expressed in the gubernaculum, the ligament that controls testicular movement during development, and therefore may be responsible for mediating hormonal signals that affect testicular descent. Here we show that genetic targeting of the Great gene in mice causes infertile bilateral intraabdominal cryptorchidism. The mutant gubernaculae fail to differentiate, indicating that the Great gene controls their development. Mutation screening of the human GREAT gene was performed using DHPLC analysis of the genomic DNA from 60 cryptorchid patients. Nucleotide variations in GREAT cDNA were found in both the patient and the control populations. A unique missense mutation (T222P) in the ectodomain of the GREAT receptor was identified in one of the patients. This mutant receptor fails to respond to ligand stimulation, implicating the GREAT gene in the etiology in some cases of cryptorchidism in humans.
Injectable biodegradable hydrogels composed of hyaluronic acid–tyramine conjugates for drug delivery and tissue engineering (2005)

The sequential injection of hyaluronic acid-tyramine conjugates and enzymes forms biodegradable hydrogels in vivo by enzyme-induced oxidative coupling, offering high potential as a promising biomaterial for drug delivery and tissue engineering.
High-efficiency white organic light emitting devices with three separate phosphorescent emission layers (2007)

We demonstrate high-efficiency white organic light emitting devices (WOLEDs) employing three adjacent phosphorescent emission layers (3-EMLs). The metal-organic dopants for red, green, and blue emissions are each doped in separate hosts, allowing for separate optimization of the three dopant-host material combinations. This structure distributes the exciton generation region across the three hosts to form a stepped progression of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. The 3-EML WOLED has a color rendering index of 81 and peak forward-viewing external quantum (EQE) and power efficiencies (PE) of (16.6±0.8)% and 32±1lm∕W, respectively, corresponding to a total EQE=(28±1)% and a total PE=54±3lm∕W. When an n-doped electron transporting layer is used, the total PE peaks at 64±3lm∕W, and rolls off to 34±2lm∕W at 1000cd∕m2.
Interface shear strength between Crushed Stone and Geotextile (2006)

Large-scale direct shear tests were conducted in order to evaluate both the shear strength of crushed stone itself and the interface shear strength between crushed stone and geotextile. Total three types of geotextile (i.e. one woven geotextile and two nonwoven geotextiles) were used in the experimental program, considering two different values for the unit weight of crushed stone. Total fifteen tests were conducted in this study. It has been found from the experimental results that the friction angles of crushed stone itself were and under the unit weights of crushed stone being and , respectively. Interface friction angle between nonwoven geotextile and crushed stone showed for type A indicating an efficiency of 83% and for type B indicating an efficiency of 89%. Similarly, interface friction angle between woven geotextile and crushed stone showed indicating an efficiency of 83%.
An intragenic MEF2-dependent enhancer directs muscle-specific expression of microRNAs 1 and 133 (2007)

The muscle-specific microRNAs, miR-1 and miR-133, play important roles in muscle growth and differentiation. Here, we show that the MEF2 transcription factor, an essential regulator of muscle development, directly activates transcription of a bicistronic primary transcript encoding miR-1-2 and 133a-1 via an intragenic muscle-specific enhancer located between the miR-1-2 and 133a-1 coding regions. This MEF2-dependent enhancer is activated in the linear heart tube during mouse embryogenesis and thereafter controls transcription throughout the atrial and ventricular chambers of the heart. MEF2 together with MyoD also regulates the miR-1-2/-133a-1 intragenic enhancer in the somite myotomes and in all skeletal muscle fibers during embryogenesis and adulthood. A similar muscle-specific intragenic enhancer controls transcription of the miR-1-1/-133a-2 locus. These findings reveal a common architecture of regulatory elements associated with the miR-1/-133 genes and underscore the central role of MEF2 as a regulator of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional pathways that control cardiac and skeletal muscle development.
Peptide-Assembled Optically Responsive Nanoparticle Complexes (2007)

The design of active nanostructures whose form and properties can be modulated by remote means is an important challenge in nanoscience. Here we report two types of active nanoparticle complexes, with properties controlled by near-infrared illumination, resulting from the assembly of photothermally responsive plasmonic nanoparticles with thermally labile biomolecular linkers. Au nanoshells (NS) and quantum dots (QD) are assembled using coiled-coil peptides into NS-NS and NS-QD complexes. Illumination of the NS-NS complexes results in reversible disassembly reassembly, while illumination of NS-QD complexes results in a large, reproducible modulation of the quantum dot fluorescence without disassembly of the nanoparticle-peptide complex.
A Review of Heating and Temperature Control in Microfluidic Systems: Techniques and Applications (2013)

This review presents an overview of the different techniques developed over the last decade to regulate the temperature within microfluidic systems. A variety of different approaches has been adopted, from external heating sources to Joule heating, microwaves or the use of lasers to cite just a few examples. The scope of the technical solutions developed to date is impressive and encompasses for instance temperature ramp rates ranging from 0.1 to 2,000 °C/s leading to homogeneous temperatures from -3 °C to 120 °C, and constant gradients from 6 to 40 °C/mm with a fair degree of accuracy. We also examine some recent strategies developed for applications such as digital microfluidics, where integration of a heating source to generate a temperature gradient offers control of a key parameter, without necessarily requiring great accuracy. Conversely, Temperature Gradient Focusing requires high accuracy in order to control both the concentration and separation of charged species. In addition, the Polymerase Chain Reaction requires both accuracy (homogeneous temperature) and integration to carry out demanding heating cycles. The spectrum of applications requiring temperature regulation is growing rapidly with increasingly important implications for the physical, chemical and biotechnological sectors, depending on the relevant heating technique.
Sequential addition of temperature-sensitive missense mutations into the PB2 gene of influenza A transfectant viruses can effect an increase in temperature sensitivity and attenuation and permits the rational design of a genetically engineered live influenza A virus vaccine (1995)

We have previously described a strategy for the recovery of a synthetic influenza A virus wild-type (wt) PB2 gene (derived from influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 [AA] virus) into an infectious virus. It was possible to introduce an attenuating temperature-sensitive (ts) mutation at amino acid residue 265 of the AA wt PB2 gene and to rescue this mutant gene into infectious virus. Application of this new technology to influenza A virus vaccine development requires that multiple attenuating mutations be introduced to achieve a satisfactorily attenuated virus that retains the attenuation (att) phenotype following replication in vivo. In this report, we demonstrate that putative ts mutations at amino acids 112, 556, and 658 each indeed specify the ts and att phenotypes. Each of these mutations was introduced into a cDNA copy of the AA mutant mt265 PB2 gene to produce three double-mutant PB2 genes, each of which was rescued into an infectious virus. In general, the double-mutant PB2 transfectant viruses were more ts and attenuated in the lower respiratory tracts of hamsters than the single-mutant transfectant viruses, and the ts phenotype of two of three double-mutant PB2 transfectant viruses was stable even after prolonged replication in the upper respiratory tracts of immunocompromised mice. Two triple-mutant PB2 transfectant viruses with three predicted amino acid substitutions resulting from five nucleotide substitutions in the cDNA were then generated. The triple-mutant PB2 transfectant viruses were more ts and more attenuated than the double-mutant PB2 transfectant viruses. These results indicate that sequential introduction of additional ts mutations into the PB2 gene can yield mutants that exhibit a stepwise increase in temperature sensitivity and attenuation compared with the preceding mutant(s) in the series. Furthermore, the level of temperature sensitivity of the transfectant viruses correlated significantly with the level of attenuation of these viruses in hamsters. Although the triple-mutant PB2 transfectant viruses were attenuated in hamsters, intranasal administration of these viruses elicited a vigorous serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody response, and this was associated with resistance of the lower respiratory tract to subsequent wt virus challenge. These observations suggest the feasibility of using PB2 reverse genetics to generate a live influenza A virus vaccine donor strain that contains three attenuating mutations in one gene. It is predicted that reassortant viruses derived from such a donor virus would have the properties of attenuation, genetic stability, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy against challenge with wt virus.
Oral 5-FU is a more effective antimetastatic agent than UFT. (2004)

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a pyrimidine analog, is widely used to treat gastrointestinal and other cancers. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of oral 5-FU and the 5-FU prodrug, uracil plus tegafur (UFT), on liver metastasis in a highly metastatic mouse model. Genetic labeling of the tumor with green fluorescent protein (GFP) along with inexpensive video detectors, positioned external to the mouse, allowed the real-time monitoring of details of tumor growth, metastatic spread and drug response in this mouse model. 5-FU at 10 and 20 mg/kg significantly prolonged the survival time of treated animals compared with untreated controls (p=0.003 for 5-FU, 10 mg/kg; p=0.016 for 5-FU, 20 mg/kg). In contrast, UFT only showed a trend to increase survival (p=0.078). 5-FU at 10 mg/kg substantially prolonged the survival time compared to UFT (p=0.012). 5-FU (10 mg/kg) was also more effective in prolonging survival than Furtulon (5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, another 5-FU prodrug) (p=0.042). All control and UFT-treated animals died by day 45. In contrast, at 45 days, 5 out of 8 animals were alive in the 5-FU 10 mg/kg group, which was found to be the best treatment regimen in this study. 5-FU (10 mg/kg)-treated animals had a median survival time of 53 days compared to 26.5 in controls and 33.5 days for UFT. These results suggest the potential clinical superiority of oral 5-FU compared to UFT as an anti-metastatic agent. The data also suggest the lack of clinical need for complex and expensive prodrugs of 5-FU such as UFT.
Coupling of Peroxidase to Poliovirus Antibody: Characteristics of the Conjugates and Their Use in Virus Detection (1973)

Antibody to poliovirus type 1 (Po-1) was coupled to peroxidase by use of glutaraldehyde or 4, 4' -difluoro,3, 3' -dinitro diphenyl sulfone. Glutaraldehyde was found to be the superior coupling agent, yielding conjugates that had up to 2.8 x 10(4) enzyme units/ml (75% of total enzyme input). Conjugates migrated as a single band when centrifuged in sucrose density gradients, demonstrating that the purification procedure used was effective in removing both noncoupled enzyme and heterogeneous antibody components. Conjugates were specific for Po-1 and did not adsorb to cells infected with unrelated enterovirus types. Adsorption of conjugates to Po-1-infected cells was demonstrable within 6 h postinfection.
Method of obtaining and preparation of fresh human amniotic membrane for clinical use. (1996)

Amniotic membrane was obtained from 36 mothers seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen and syphilis, undergoing caesarean section. Membrane was separated from placenta and was washed first with saline and then saline solution containing penicillin. The processed membrane was found to be sterile and useable for up to one week. Of 36 placentas obtained, 33 were utilized in 22 patients, with no history of penicillin allergy, as biological dressing in acute burns. Each patient received three applications of membrane one every other day, over a period of six days. This method of obtaining amniotic membrane was simple and more practical for maintaining the biological effectiveness of membrane, as shown by quantitative reduction of bacterial counts in burn wounds.
Nosocomial Respiratory Infections with Gram-Negative Bacilli (1972)

A prospective study of 213 patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit was done to determine the frequency of colonization of the respiratory tract with Gram-negative bacilli and the relation of such colonization to nosocomial infection. Ninety-five patients (45%) became colonized, 22% on the first hospital day. Associated with colonization were respiratory tract disease, coma, hypotension, tracheal intubation, acidosis, azotemia, and either leukocytosis or leukopenia. Antimicrobial therapy may have promoted colonization in some patients. Nosocomial infections developed in 26 patients (12.2%), 22 of whom were colonized with Gram-negative bacilli. Nosocomial respiratory infections occurred in 23% of colonized patients but in only 3.3% of noncolonized patients. The control of nosocomial pneumonia may require the development of methods for preventing or interrupting the colonization of hospitalized patients with Gram-negative bacilli.
Comparative genomics of the Bifidobacterium brevetaxon (2014)

Genome analysis of thirteen representatives of the B. breve species revealed that the deduced pan-genome exhibits an essentially close trend. For this reason our analyses suggest that this number of B. breve representatives is sufficient to fully describe the pan-genome of this species. Comparative genomics also facilitated the genetic explanation for differential carbon source utilization phenotypes previously observed in different strains of B. breve.