gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanofluid-based direct absorption solar collector (2010)

Solar energy is one of the best sources of renewable energy with minimal environmental impact. Direct absorption solar collectors have been proposed for a variety of applications such as water heating; however the efficiency of these collectors is limited by the absorption properties of the working fluid, which is very poor for typical fluids used in solar collectors. It has been shown that mixing nanoparticles in a liquid (nanofluid) has a dramatic effect on the liquid thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity. Nanoparticles also offer the potential of improving the radiative properties of liquids, leading to an increase in the efficiency of direct absorption solar collectors. Here we report on the experimental results on solar collectors based on nanofluids made from a variety of nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes, graphite, and silver). We demonstrate efficiency improvements of up to 5% in solar thermal collectors by utilizing nanofluids as the absorption mechanism. In addition the experimental data were compared with a numerical model of a solar collector with direct absorption nanofluids. The experimental and numerical results demonstrate an initial rapid increase in efficiency with volume fraction, followed by a leveling off in efficiency as volume fraction continues to increase.
Role of Rho GTPases and their regulators in cancer progression (2011)

Rho family of GTPases is an ubiquitiously expressed and evolutionarily conserved family of GTP binding proteins that regulate actin dynamics and intracellular signaling. Among the Rho family GTPases, three members RhoA, Rac1 and CDC42 have been well characterized. They each play pivotal roles in gene expression, cell proliferation, apoptosis and various cellular functions. They are driven by signaling from RhoGDIs, RhoGEFs, RhoGAPs and cell surface receptors. Abnormalities in Rho GTPase function have major consequences on cell behavior. Over expression of Rho GTPases is associated with reorganization of actin cytoskeleton, an increase in cell migration, invasion and metastasis which are important aspects of cancer progression. This review will explore these Rho GTPases and the function of their associated signaling pathways in different types of cancers.
Enhanced expression of the c-myc protooncogene in human intracranial meningiomas (1993)

We examined the alteration and expression of c-myc protooncogene in 11 human intracranial meningiomas using Southern blot, Northern blot and immunohistochemical techniques. Southern blot showed neither amplification nor rearrangement but Northern blot and immunohistochemical study revealed enhanced expression of the c-myc gene. Immunohistochemically, c-myc product was found in all of the 11 cases and seven of these cases showed an above moderate degree of immunoreaction in semiquantitative analysis. Loss of heterozygosity at IGLC2 locus on chromosome 22 was detected in four of the 8 informative cases. But extent and intensity of immunoreactivity did not correlated with loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 22. These genetic changes may play important roles in the pathogenesis of human intracranial meningioma.
Biological Properties of Avian Coronavirus RNA (1977)

RNA with a sedimentation coefficient of 64S was isolated from infectious bronchitis virus, an avian coronavirus. The SNA contained a polyadenylic acid tract and was found to be infectious.
CDKN2A/p16 is inactivated in most melanoma cell lines (1997)

The CDKN2A gene maps to chromosome 9p21-22 and is responsible for melanoma susceptibility in some families. Its product, p16, binds specifically to CDK4 and CDK6 in vitro and in vivo, inhibiting their kinase activity. CDKN2A is homozygously deleted or mutated in a large proportion of tumor cell lines and some primary tumors, including melanomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of CDKN2A and elucidate the mechanisms of p16 inactivation in a panel of 60 cell lines derived from sporadic melanomas. Twenty-six (43%) of the melanoma lines were homozygously deleted for CDKN2A, and an additional 15 (25%) lines carried missense, nonsense, or frameshift mutations. All but one of the latter group were shown by microsatellite analysis to be hemizygous for the region of 9p surrounding CDKN2A. p16 was detected by Western blotting in only five of the cell lines carrying mutations. Immunoprecipitation of p16 in these lines, followed by Western blotting to detect the coprecipitation of CDK4 and CDK6, revealed that p16 was functionally compromised in all cell lines but the one that carried a heterozygous CDKN2A mutation. In the remaining 19 lines that carried wild-type CDKN2A alleles, Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation indicated that 11 cell lines expressed a wild-type protein. Northern blotting was performed on the remaining eight cell lines and revealed that one cell line carried an aberrantly sized RNA transcript, and two other cell lines failed to express RNA. The promoter was found to be methylated in five cell lines that expressed CDKN2A transcript but not p16. Presumably, the message seen by Northern blotting in these cell lines is the result of cross-hybridization of the total cDNA probe with the exon 1beta transcript. Microsatellite analysis revealed that the majority of these cell lines were hemi/homozygous for the region surrounding CDKN2A, indicating that the wild-type allele had been lost. In the 11 cell lines that expressed functional p16, microsatellite analysis revealed loss of heterozygosity at the markers immediately surrounding CDKN2A in five cases, and the previously characterized R24C mutation of CDK4 was identified in one of the remaining 6 lines. These data indicate that 55 of 60 (92%) melanoma cell lines demonstrated some aberration of CDKN2A or CDK4, thus suggesting that this pathway is a primary genetic target in melanoma development.
Effect of ultraviolet light C on bacterial colonization in chronic wounds. (2005)

Ultraviolet light C (light wavelength 200 nm to 290 nm) has been shown to kill cultures of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. To evaluate the ability of ultraviolet light C to reduce the amount and type of bacteria present in chronically infected ulcers, as well as to establish the test-retest reliability of the semi-quantitative swab technique, a prospective, one-group, pre-post treatment study was conducted among patients receiving treatment in several in- and outpatient facilities and nursing homes. Individuals with chronic ulcers exhibiting at least two signs of infection and critically colonized with bacteria (n = 22) received a single 180-second treatment using an ultraviolet light C lamp (wavelength = 254 nm) placed 1 inch from the wound bed. Semi-quantitative swabs taken immediately before and after UVC treatment were used to assess changes in the bacterial bioburden present within the wound bed. Results demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability of the semi-quantitative swab technique used to evaluate the type and amount of bacteria present in chronic wounds (Cohen's kappa = 0.92). Assessment of wound bioburden using semi-quantitative swabs revealed a statistically significant (P <0.0001) reduction in the relative amount of bacteria following a single treatment of ultraviolet light C. The greatest reduction in semi-quantitative swab scores following ultraviolet light C treatment were observed for wounds colonized with the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and wounds colonized with only one species of bacteria. Significant (P <0.05) reductions in the relative amount of bacteria also were observed in 12 ulcers in which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was present. These results confirm previous laboratory studies and demonstrate that ultraviolet light C can kill bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus present in superficial layers of chronic wounds.
Eukaryotic regulatory RNAs: an answer to the ‘genome complexity’ conundrum (2007)

A large portion of the eukaryotic genome is transcribed as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). While once thought of primarily as "junk," recent studies indicate that a large number of these RNAs play central roles in regulating gene expression at multiple levels. The increasing diversity of ncRNAs identified in the eukaryotic genome suggests a critical nexus between the regulatory potential of ncRNAs and the complexity of genome organization. We provide an overview of recent advances in the identification and function of eukaryotic ncRNAs and the roles played by these RNAs in chromatin organization, gene expression, and disease etiology.
Multiprotocol Interconnect on X.25 and ISDN in the Packet Mode (1992)

Multiprotocol Interconnect on X
Tides within ourselves: how posture can affect blood volume, blood cells and clinical reasoning (2017)

Over 120 years ago, Ernest Starling demonstrated that fluids and other molecules move back and forward from blood to the extravascular space, and that this movement is determined by the balance between hydrostatic and oncotic pressures acting within capillaries and interstitial spaces. 1 The first measurement of the effect of these forces on blood volumes (plasma and cells) was published in 1928 in a 32-page long paper in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.This paper elegantly demonstrated that total plasma volume decreases on average 11% after 30 min standing still, compared to the recumbent position, and that hematocrit increased proportionally, indicating no significant changes in total blood cell volume. 2he authors interpreted their findings as the result of the passage of water and other diffusible solutes through the capillary wall, due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure within blood vessels.Nearly thirty years later, using radionuclidelabeled red blood cells and a color dye that binds to albumin, Fawcett and Wynn evaluated the impact of these movements on parameters of the complete blood count (CBC) in healthy individuals and in patients with clinical edema and/or low albumin concentrations. 3The standard experimental procedure consisted in subjects remaining in the horizontal position for 12 h, and then standing up for 1 h (slow walking was allowed during this period).Blood was collected 15 and 60 min after rising.The horizontal position was then resumed, and additional samples were obtained after the same timepoints to evaluate whether changes were reversible.The study confirmed a mean decrease in plasma volume of 10.8% (equivalent to around 500 mL in a 70 kg adult) after 15 min, which
Secondary memory CD8+ T cells are more protective but slower to acquire a central–memory phenotype (2006)

The formation of memory CD8 T cells is an important goal of vaccination. However, although widespread use of booster immunizations in humans generates secondary and tertiary CD8 T cell memory, experimental data are limited to primary CD8 T cell memory. Here, we show that, compared with primary memory CD8 T cells, secondary memory CD8 T cells exhibit substantially delayed conversion to a central-memory phenotype, as determined by CD62L expression and interleukin (IL)-2 production. This delayed conversion to a central-memory phenotype correlates with reduced basal proliferation and responsiveness to IL-15, although in vitro coculture with a high concentration of IL-15 is capable of inducing proliferation and CD62L upregulation. Functionally, secondary memory CD8 T cells are more protective in vivo on a per cell basis, and this may be explained by sustained lytic ability. Additionally, secondary memory CD8 T cells are more permissive than primary memory CD8 T cells for new T cell priming in lymph nodes, possibly suggesting a mechanism of replacement for memory T cells. Thus, primary and secondary memory CD8 T cells are functionally distinct, and the number of encounters with antigen influences memory CD8 T cell function.
Security and privacy in emerging wireless networks [Guest Editorial (2010)

Rapid advances in wireless ad hoc networking have extended its application from mobile ad hoc networks and wireless sensor networks to emerging wireless networks including wireless mesh networks, delay-tolerant networks, vehicular networks, and urban sensing networks. While facilitating ubiquitous network access as well as social interactions, these emerging networks are particularly vulnerable to numerous privacy and security threats. For example, attackers may jeopardize the privacy of users in vehicular and urban sensing networks; the adversary may also compromise selected nodes in a tactical delay-tolerant network and thus fail the critical mission of the network. There is clearly an urgent need to protect emerging wireless networks from various security and privacy threats, thereby eliminating a major impediment to their widespread adoption.
Can simple clinical measurements detect patient noncompliance? (1980)

Measurement of patient compliance is essential if management of low compliance is to be performed efficiently. We assessed the value of several easily obtained clinical assessments compared to quantitative pill counts among 134 newly treated hypertensive male steelworkers during the first 6 months of their treatment with antihypertensive medication. Patient's self-reports obtained on structured interview correlated best with pill count compliance (r = 0.74, p less than 0.0001). Patients overestimated their compliance by an average of 17% but 90% of those who admitted to being noncompliant were found so. Qualitative urinary chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide levels and changes in serum potassium, uric acid, and blood pressure also correlated with pill count compliance but were less accurate than interviews. Assessment of the patient's "health beliefs" and a variety of sociodemographic and health traits and perceptions did not provide useful information on compliance. Interviewing the patient is a simple and useful approach in assessing compliance with antihypertensive therapy.
High frequency of telomerase reverse-transcriptase promoter somatic mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma and preneoplastic lesions (2013)

Somatic mutations activating telomerase reverse-trancriptase promoter were recently identified in several tumour types. Here we identify frequent similar mutations in human hepatocellular carcinomas (59%), cirrhotic preneoplastic macronodules (25%) and hepatocellular adenomas with malignant transformation in hepatocellular carcinomas (44%). In hepatocellular tumours, telomerase reverse-transcripase- and CTNNB1-activating mutations are significantly associated. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that telomerase reverse-trancriptase promoter mutations can increase the expression of telomerase transcript. In conclusion, telomerase reverse-trancriptase promoter mutation is the earliest recurrent genetic event identified in cirrhotic preneoplastic lesions so far and is also the most frequent genetic alteration in hepatocellular carcinomas, arising from both the cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic liver.
An agile stereo camera system for flexible image acquisition (1988)

An agile stereo camera system designed for flexible image acquisition under a wide variety of viewing conditions and scenes is presented. A host processor sends commands to three microprocessors controlling, through 11 servomotors, the position and optical parameters of the camera, and the scene illumination. The weaknesses of the system are acknowledged and future improvements are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
3D visualization of discrete event simulation and its applications in virtual manufacturing (2004)

This paper presents a new approach to create 3D visualisation from discrete simulation results. This approach connects discrete event simulation directly to 3D animation with its novel methods that analyze and convert discrete simulation results into animation events to trigger 3D animation. In addition, it constructs a 3D animation framework for the visualization of discrete simulation results. This framework supports the reuse of both the existing 3D animation objects and behaviour components, and allows the rapid development of new 3D animation objects by users with no special knowledge in computer graphics. This approach has been implemented with the software component technology. As an application in virtual manufacturing, visualizations of an electronic assembly factory are also provided in the paper to demonstrate the performance of this new approach.
Quality of life during antihypertensive therapy: techniques for clinical assessment and evaluation. (1987)

Assessment of the impact of antihypertensive therapy upon the quality of life of the hypertensive patient can provide practical data associated with patient acceptance of therapy. For measurement purposes, quality of life is the organizing concept around which the major components relating to the patient's subjective evaluation of symptoms, functions and perceptions revolve. Substantive evaluation of quality of life involves the organization of psychometric items or questions which form the basic scales underlying these major components including, symptom distress, well-being, vitality, depression, anxiety, work performance, sexual functioning, cognition and life satisfaction.
Fusion Alternatives (1997)

Norman Rostoker et al. (Article, 21 Nov., p. 1419) describe the concept of a colliding beam fusion reactor (CBFR) that has attracted significant attention in the popular press. It is clear that the media and the public recognize the importance of fusion energy; consequently, the promise of a simple and quick route to fusion is attractive. But there are some serious technical concerns associated with the CBFR concept. Two prominent ones are (i) the extreme difficulty of achieving positive power balance from even an idealized proton–boron-11 (p-11B) reaction process and (ii) the likelihood of unacceptable electron heat losses from such a small (a few centimeters) field-reversed configuration plasma, attempting to burn p-11B. The field-reversed configuration itself, however, is interesting, and excellent research in this area is being pursued at the University of Washington.
Mode field perturbations and numerical aperture broadening due to angular misalignment in multimode fiber coupling (2009)

Large core multimode fibers (MMF) in the range of 100-1000 &mu;m core diameter are commonly used with infrared lasers in medical, bio-photonics and other fiber optics applications. Angular misalignment of the laser source to the multimode fiber can lead to unusual angular patterns at the exit of the fiber. The angular content of the launch beam can result in under-filling, non-uniform angular filling, or over-filling of the MMF modes. Typically, the beam condition optics at the distal end of the device has a limited impact on these angular modes. The result is often loss of output power at the distal end or an uncontrolled angular and/or spatial distribution of light. We have investigated angular misalignment perturbations of various fiber and coupling optics combinations in a medical laser therapy device. We have quantified the resulting far field perturbations, as well as the resulting broadening of the fiber output numerical aperture (NA). Angular misalignment may cause the development of so called "donut modes" with highly inhomogeneous far field mode distribution, as well as a substantial NA broadening effect which may impact therapy. We have shown that in order to avoid these perturbations, tight tolerancing of fiber coupling opto-mechanics as well as a thorough alignment procedure is required.
The Impact of Stretching on Sports Injury Risk: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2004)

There is not sufficient evidence to endorse or discontinue routine stretching before or after exercise to prevent injury among competitive or recreational athletes. Further research, especially well-conducted randomized controlled trials, is urgently needed to determine the proper role of stretching in sports.
α-Acyl-o-tolunitriles as intermediates in the preparation of 3-substituted isoquinolines and 1-amino-2-benzopyrylium derivatives (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTα-Acyl-o-tolunitriles as intermediates in the preparation of 3-substituted isoquinolines and 1-amino-2-benzopyrylium derivativesCharles K. Bradsher and T. Gary WallisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 20, 3817–3820Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00414a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00414a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Molecular Framework for Two-Step T Cell Signaling: Lck Src Homology 3 Mutations Discriminate Distinctly Regulated Lipid Raft Reorganization Events (2001)

Costimulation by CD28 or lipid-raft-associated CD48 potentiate TCR-induced signals, cytoskeletal reorganization, and IL-2 production. We and others have proposed that costimulators function to construct a raft-based platform(s) especially suited for TCR engagement and sustained and processive signal transduction. Here, we characterize TCR/CD48 and TCR/CD28 costimulation in T cells expressing Lck Src homology 3 (SH3) mutants. We demonstrate that Lck SH3 functions after initiation of TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and concentration of transducers within rafts, to regulate the costimulation-dependent migration of rafts to the TCR contact site. Expression of kinase-active/SH3-impaired Lck mutants disrupts costimulation-dependent raft recruitment, sustained TCR protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and IL-2 production. However, TCR-induced apoptosis, shown only to require "partial" TCR signals, is unaffected by expression of kinase-active/SH3-impaired Lck mutants. Therefore, two distinctly regulated raft reorganization events are required for processive and sustained "complete" TCR signal transduction and T cell activation. Together with recent characterization of CD28 and CD48 costimulatory activities, these findings provide a molecular framework for two signal models of T cell activation.