gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Neuroendocrine System OF the Gut—AN Update (1991)

During the last few years the endocrine stomach has come into focus much due to the side-effects produced by powerful acid blockers. A sustained and marked inhibition of acid secretion in the rat results in hypergastrinemia, with gastrin cell hyperplasia, and a consequent hyperplasia of the ECL cells. This response of the ECL cells was predictable in view of previous observations that sustained hypergastrinemia causes ECL cell hyperplasia. While the gastrin cell hyperplasia levels off at about twice the normal cell density a few weeks after start of treatment, the ECL cells continue to proliferate for months to reach a five-fold higher density than normally. Evidence is accumulating that ECL cells proliferate through self replication. After life-long inhibition of acid production (high doses of ranitidine or omeprazole) or after extirpation of 75% of the acid-producing part of the stomach, ECL cell carcinoids develop. Endocrine cells in the gut often contain more than one putative messenger. Thus, gastrin cells in many species store GABA and peptide YY; in e.g. cat and man they store in addition a xenopsin-like peptide. Neuromedin U and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) have recently been demonstrated in gut nerves. Their role in gut physiology remains to be identified.
A rapid method for screening vaccinia virus recombinants. (1991)

A rapid and small-scale method for screening vaccinia virus recombinants employing micrococcal nuclease is described. This protocol utilizes the differential sensitivity of cellular and viral DNA to the nuclease, which can be selectively activated by addition of Ca2+ and inactivated by elimination of Ca2+. Two to five micrograms of viral DNA can be obtained from one infected L cell plate (50 mm) after overnight incubation.
Suicide attempts, platelet monoamine oxidase and the average evoked response (1977)

The relationship between suicides and suicide attempts and two biological measures, platelet monoamine oxidase levels (MAO) and average evoked response (AER) augmenting, was examined in 79 off-medication psychiatric patients and in 68 college student volunteers chosen from the upper and lower deciles of MAO activity levels. In the patient sample, male individuals with low MAO and AER augmenting, a pattern previously associated with bipolar affective disorders, showed a significantly increased incidence of suicide attempts in comparison with either non-augmenting low MAO or high MAO patients. Within the normal volunteer group, all male low MAO probands with a family history of suicide or suicide attempts were AER augmenters themselves. Four completed suicides were found among relatives of low MAO probands where as no high MAO proband had a relative who committed suicide. These findings suggest that the combination of low platelet MAO activity and AER augmenting may be associated with a possible genetic vulnerability to psychiatric disorders.
Isolation and characterization of CD47 glycoprotein: a multispanning membrane protein which is the same as integrin-associated protein (IAP) and the ovarian tumour marker OA3 (1994)

The CD47 glycoprotein was isolated from human erythrocytes by immunoprecipitation using monoclonal antibody (mAb) BRIC-125. Enzymic deglycosylation of the protein showed it contained N-linked oligosaccharides, and trypsin proteolysis of the protein in situ in the erythrocyte membrane cleaved it into two portions, one of which was glycosylated. Both the intact protein and the glycosylated fragment had blocked N-termini. Amino acid sequence was obtained from several proteolytic fragments of CD47. Comparison with the sequence database showed the protein to be very similar to or identical with OA3, a multispanning membrane protein. The protein also appears to be the same as the integrin-associated protein, which has a role in cell adhesion in non-erythroid cells. CD47 has six potential N-glycosylation sites, five of which are in an Ig superfamily domain. We show that three of these sites carry N-glycans in erythrocytes. Immunocytochemical staining of human tissues showed that CD47 was broadly distributed on mesenchyme and epithelia at multiple sites. Reactivity was particularly prominent in surface and ductular epithelia, and in the brain. The possible roles of the CD47 glycoprotein are discussed.
Trends in the Supply and Demand for Environmental Lawyers (2000)

The boom times for environmental lawyers were the late 1980s and the early 1990s. The June 1990 issue of Money magazine called environmental law a "fast-track career." Two or three years of experience with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a state environmental agency, the environmental units of the Justice Department, or a state attorney general's office were a ticket to a high-paying job in the private sector. Law students were clamoring to enter the field and law firms were scrambling to find experienced environmental lawyers, or to recycle newly underemployed antitrust lawyers into this burgeoning field.
On the Extended Relationships Among EVM, BER and SNR as Performance Metrics (2006)

In this paper, we relate the error vector magnitude (EVM) bit error rate (BER) and signal to noise ratio (SNR). We also present the fact that with such relationship it would be possible to predict or in cases substitute EVM in places of BER or even SNR. In doing so, we first define EVM with normalization so that the definition stands for multi-modulation systems, viz. binary phas shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) etc. We also compare among the different performance metrics and show that EVM can be equivalently useful as signal to noise ratio and bit error rate. The relationships are based on stream based communication systems. A few Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to illustrate the performance of EVM based on these relationships.
Retardation of Retinal Vascular Development in Apelin-Deficient Mice (2008)

Our results suggest that spatiotemporally regulated apelin/APJ signaling participates in retinal vascularization in a cooperative manner with VEGF or FGF2, and contributes to normal ocular development.
Iron fertilization and the Trichodesmiumresponse on the West Florida shelf (2001)

Prior laboratory studies of Trichodesmium have shown a high iron requirement that is consistent with the biochemical demand for iron in the enzyme nitrogenase. Summer delivery of iron, in the form of Saharan dust, may provide an explanation for Trichodesmium blooms observed in offshore waters of the West Florida shelf over the last 50 yr. During ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms (ECOHAB) field studies, background iron levels (0.1–0.5 nmol kg −1 ) were found at the surface during periods of minimal dust delivery (May 2000 and October 1999). In contrast, total dissolved iron concentrations on the order of ∼16 nmol kg −1 were measured at the West Florida shelfߚbreak after a July 1999 Saharan dust event that was identified by advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) imagery, groundߚbased radiometers, air mass analysis, and aerosol samples (dust and nonߚseaߚsalt nitrate) collected throughout South Florida. The Trichodesmium response following this July dust event was a 100–fold increase over background biomass, reaching a surface stock of ∼20 colonies L −1 . Surface dissolved concentrations of both inorganic and organic phosphorus decreased below detectable limits during this bloom. Dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations associated with the bloom (15–20 µM) were 3–4–fold greater than background and much larger than ambient NO 3 − concentrations (&lt;0.5 µmol kg −1 ). If all dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is converted to urea and ammonium, this organic nitrogen could have supported the red tide of &gt;20 µg chl L −1 of the toxic dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium breve , found along the West Florida coast during October 1999.
The renal papilla is a niche for adult kidney stem cells (2004)

Many adult organs contain stem cells, which are pluripotent and are involved in organ maintenance and repair after injury. In situ, these cells often have a low cycling rate and locate in specialized regions (niches). To detect such cells in the kidney, we administered a pulse of the nucleotide bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to rat and mouse pups and, after a long (more than 2-month) chase, examined whether the kidney contained a population of low-cycling cells. We found that in the adult kidney, BrdU-retaining cells were very sparse except in the renal papilla, where they were numerous. During the repair phase of transient renal ischemia, these cells entered the cell cycle and the BrdU signal quickly disappeared from the papilla, despite the absence of apoptosis in this part of the kidney. In vitro isolation of renal papillary cells showed them to have a plastic phenotype that could be modulated by oxygen tension and that when injected into the renal cortex, they incorporated into the renal parenchyma. In addition, like other stem cells, papillary cells spontaneously formed spheres. Single-cell clones of these cells coexpressed mesenchymal and epithelial proteins and gave rise to myofibroblasts, cells expressing neuronal markers, and cells of uncharacterized phenotype. These data indicate that the renal papilla is a niche for adult kidney stem cells.
Synthesis and HPLC evaluation of carboxylic acid phases on a hydride surface (2006)

Three organic moieties containing carboxylic acid functional groups are attached to a particulate silica surface through silanization/hydrosilation. Two compounds (undecylenic acid and 10-undecynoic acid) have 11 carbon chains and the other is a five-carbon acid (pentenoic acid). Bonding is confirmed through carbon elemental analysis, diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy, and carbon-13 and silicon-29 CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy. The bonded phases are tested by HPLC using PTH amino acids, nucleic acids, theophylline-related compounds, anilines, benzoic acid compounds, choline, and tobramycin. The latter two compounds are used to investigate the aqueous normal phase properties of the three bonded materials.
Extrinsic Coagulation Blockade Attenuates Lung Injury and Proinflammatory Cytokine Release after Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide (2002)

Initiation of coagulation by tissue factor (TF) is a potentially powerful regulator of local inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that blockade of TF-factor VIIa (FVIIa) complex would decrease lung inflammation and proinflammatory cytokine release after tracheal instillation of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS 0111:B4). At the time of injury, rats received one dose of site-inactivated FVIIa (FFR-FVIIa) or saline intravenously. At 0, 6,12, 24, and 48 h after injury, lungs were examined for histologic changes and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to assess protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, cell counts, and cytokine levels. LPS-injured rats treated with FFR-FVIIa showed decreased intra-alveolar inflammation and fibrin deposition by light microscopy compared with untreated rats. This was accompanied by decreased protein leakage (P < 0.0001), LDH activity (P < 0.0001), and local elaboration of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 (all P < 0.0001), but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Protection was associated with reduction of TF mRNA expression in whole lung, but not with changes in nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. FFR-FVIIa given 6 h after LPS afforded equivalent lung protection. Therefore, blockade of TF-FVIIa complex protects the lung from injury by LPS in part by reducing local expression of proinflammatory cytokines and may offer promise for therapy of acute lung injury.
Reciprocal interactions between oscillatory activities of different frequencies in the subthalamic region of patients with Parkinson's disease (2005)

Synchronization of neuronal activity evident in the local field potential (LFP) recorded in the subthalamic region of patients with Parkinson's disease occurs at low frequencies (< 30 Hz) and, in some patients following treatment with levodopa, at high frequencies between 65 and 85 Hz. Here we investigate the functional relationship between these different activities by determining whether spontaneous fluctuations in their strength are correlated across time. To this end, we analysed recordings of LFPs from macroelectrodes inserted in the subthalamic area of 16 patients with Parkinson's disease, after treatment with anti-parkinsonian medication. Time-evolving autospectra of LFPs with significant 65-85 Hz peaks (from 21 sides) were computed and correlations between frequency components determined over time. LFP activity in the 5-32 Hz band was significantly negatively correlated with that in the 65-85 Hz band in data averaged across all 21 sides, as well as in 15 (71%) of the individual records. Negative correlations were relatively selective for interactions between these frequency bands and occurred over time epochs of as little as 40 s. They occurred about 50 min after levodopa and were recorded concurrently with contralateral levodopa-induced dyskinesias in all but four cases. Positive correlations were not seen between activities in the 5-32 Hz and 65-85 Hz bands. The spontaneous negative correlations suggest a reciprocal relationship between population synchrony in the high- and low-frequency ranges, and raise the possibility that spontaneous fluctuations in the balance between these activities may contribute to levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
Site-specific glycosylation analysis of human apolipoprotein B100 using LC/ESI MS/MS (2004)

Human apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) has 19 potential N-glycosylation sites, and 16 asparagine residues were reported to be occupied by high-mannose type, hybrid type, and monoantennary and biantennary complex type oligosaccharides. In the present study, a site-specific glycosylation analysis of apoB100 was carried out using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI MS/MS). ApoB100 was reduced, carboxymethylated, and then digested by trypsin or chymotrypsin. The complex mixture of peptides and glycopeptides was subjected to LC/ESI MS/MS, where product ion spectra of the molecular ions were acquired data-dependently. The glycopeptide ions were extracted and confirmed by the presence of carbohydrate-specific fragment ions, such as m/z 204 (HexNAc) and 366 (HexHexNAc), in the product ion spectra. The peptide moiety of glycopeptide was determined by the presence of the b- and y-series ions derived from its amino acid sequence in the product ion spectrum, and the oligosaccharide moiety was deduced from the calculated molecular mass of the oligosaccharide. The heterogeneity of carbohydrate structures at 17 glycosylation sites was determined using this methodology. Our data showed that Asn2212, not previously identified as a site of glycosylation, could be glycosylated. It was also revealed that Asn158, 1341, 1350, 3309, and 3331 were occupied by high-mannose type oligosaccharides, and Asn 956, 1496, 2212, 2752, 2955, 3074, 3197, 3438, 3868, 4210, and 4404 were predominantly occupied by mono- or disialylated oligosaccharides. Asn3384, the nearest N-glycosylation site to the LDL-receptor binding site (amino acids 3359-3369), was occupied by a variety of oligosaccharides, including high-mannose, hybrid, and complex types. These results are useful for understanding the structure of LDL particles and oligosaccharide function in LDL-receptor ligand binding.
Treatment of acquired hemophilia by the Bonn-Malmo Protocol: documentation of an in vivo immunomodulating concept (2004)

Acquired hemophilia (AH) is an extremely rare condition in which autoantibodies (inhibitors) against clotting factor VIII induce acute and life-threatening hemorrhagic diathesis because of abnormal blood clotting. The mortality rate of AH is as high as 16%, and current treatment options are associated with adverse side effects. We investigated a therapeutic approach for AH called the modified Bonn-Malmo Protocol (MBMP). The aims of MBMP include suppression of bleeding, permanent elimination of inhibitors, and development of immune tolerance, thereby avoiding long-term reliance on coagulation products. The protocol included immunoadsorption for inhibitor elimination, factor VIII substitution, intravenous immunoglobulin, and immunosuppression. Thirty-five high-titer patients with critical bleeding who underwent MBMP were evaluated. Bleeding was rapidly controlled during 1 or 2 apheresis sessions, and no subsequent bleeding episodes occurred. Inhibitor levels decreased to undetectable levels within a median of 3 days (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2-4 days), factor substitution was stopped within a median of 12 days (95% CI, 11-17 days), and treatment was completed within a median of 14 days (95% CI, 12-17 days). Long-term follow-up (7 months-7 years) showed an overall response rate of 88% for complete remission (CR). When cancer patients were excluded, the CR rate was 97%.
Human DNA-activated protein kinase phosphorylates serines 15 and 37 in the amino-terminal transactivation domain of human p53. (1992)

Human DNA-PK is a nuclear, serine/threonine protein kinase that, when activated by DNA, phosphorylates several DNA-binding substrates, including the tumor suppressor protein p53. To identify which p53 residues are phosphorylated, we examined DNA-PK's ability to phosphorylate synthetic peptides corresponding to human p53 sequences. Serines 15 and 37 in the amino-terminal transactivation domain of human p53, and serines 7 and 18 of mouse p53, were phosphorylated by DNA-PK in the context of synthetic peptides. Other serines in these p53 peptides, and serines in other p53 peptides, including peptides containing the serine 315 p34cdc2 site and the serine 392 casein kinase II site, were not recognized by DNA-PK or were phosphorylated less efficiently. Phosphorylation of the conserved serine 15 in human p53 peptides depended on the presence of an adjacent glutamine, and phosphorylation was inhibited by the presence of a nearby lysine. Phosphorylation of recombinant wild-type mouse p53 was inhibited at high DNA concentrations, suggesting that DNA-PK may phosphorylate p53 only when both are bound to DNA at nearby sites. Our study suggests that DNA-PK may have a role in regulating cell growth and indicates how phosphorylation of serine 15 in DNA-bound p53 could alter p53 function.
METHODS FOR THE FORMATION OF SINGLE BIMOLECULAR LIPID MEMBRANES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMETHODS FOR THE FORMATION OF SINGLE BIMOLECULAR LIPID MEMBRANES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONPaul Mueller, Donald O. Rudin, H. Ti Tien, and William C. WescottCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 67, 2, 534–535Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100796a529https://doi.org/10.1021/j100796a529research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1325Altmetric-Citations570LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ir(III)-Based Phosphors with Bipyrazolate Ancillaries; Rational Design, Photophysics, and Applications in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2015)

A series of three charge-neutral Ir(III) complexes bearing both neutral chelating ligands 4,4'-di-t-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dtbbpy) and monoanionic cyclometalated ligands derived from 2-phenylpyridine (ppyH), together with either two monoanionic ligands (i.e., chloride and monodentate pyrazolate) or a single dianionic chelate derived from 5,5'-di(trifluoromethyl)-3,3'-bipyrazole (bipzH2) or 5,5'-(1-methylethylidene)-bis-(3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole) (mepzH2), was successfully synthesized. These complexes are derived from a common, structurally characterized, Ir(III) intermediate complex [Ir(dtbbpy) (ppy)Cl2] (1), from treatment of IrCl3·3H2O with equal amount of the diimine (N^N) and precursor of the cyclometalated (C^N) ligands in a form of one-pot reaction. Treatment of 1 with various functional pyrazoles afforded [Ir(dtbbpy) (ppy) (pz)Cl] (2), [Ir(dtbbpy) (ppy) (bipz)] (3), and [Ir(dtbbpy) (ppy) (mepz)] (4), which display intense room-temperature emission with λmax spanning the region between 532 and 593 nm in both fluid and solid states. The Ir(III) complexes, 3 and 4, showcase rare examples of three distinctive chelates (i.e., neutral, anionic, and dianionic) assembled around the central Ir(III) cation. Hybrid density functional theory (DFT; B3LYP) electronic structure calculations on 1-4 reveal the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital to be π*(bpy) in character for all complexes and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) offering d(Ir)-π(phenyl) character for 1, 2, and 4 and π(bipz) character for 3. The different HOMO composition of 3 and 4 is also predicted by calculations using pure DFT (BLYP) and wave function (MP2) methods. On the basis of time-dependent DFT calculations, the emissive processes are dominated by the phenyl group-to-bipyridine, ligand(ppy)-to-ligand(bpy) charge transfer admixed with metal-to-ligand transition for all Ir(III) complexes. Organic light emitting diodes were successfully fabricated. A double emitting layer design was adopted in the device architecture using Ir(III) metal complexes 3 and 4, attaining peak external quantum efficiencies, luminance efficiencies, and power efficiencies of 18.1% (59.0 cd/A and 38.6 lm/W) and 16.6% (53.3 cd/A and 33.5 lm/W), respectively.
Effects of oral lentinan on T-cell subsets in peripheral venous blood. (1989)

The effect of oral lentinan, a biological response modifier, on the control of systemic immune function was studied in six-week-old male Wistar-Imamichi specific-pathogen free rats. In the lentinan-treated group, 1 mg of lentinan dissolved in 1 ml of physiological saline was administered forcibly into the stomach twice weekly for four or eight weeks. Physiological saline alone was administered in a similar fashion to the control group. Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were made and lymphocyte subsets measured using monoclonal antibodies W3/13, W3/25, and OX8, and a laser flow cytometry system. The T-cell level, the helper/inducer T-cell level, and the suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell level were measured. The peripheral leukocyte and lymphocyte counts did not change significantly in either group during treatment. After four weeks of treatment, however, the lentinan group had a significantly higher T-cell level, helper-cell level, and helper-suppressor ratio, and a significantly lower suppressor-cell level than did the control group. No significant between-group differences in the lymphocyte subsets or the helper-suppressor ratio were noted after eight weeks of treatment. Oral administration of lentinan appears to modulate the systemic immune function through stimulation of T cells, especially helper cells. Continued administration produced less effect, possibly due to a tolerance to the effect of lentinan.