gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Receptor Dynamics in Neural Development (1996)

Receptor Expression And Regulation In Nervous System Development: Basic Elements And Mechanisms Overview Age-Dependent Expression of Receptor Properties and Function in CNS Development, C.A. Shaw Mechanisms of Ionotropic Receptor Regulation Differential Regulation of AMPA Receptors during CNS Development, B.A. Pasqualotto Protein Tyrosine Kinase and Phosphatase Regulation of NMDA Channels: Developmental Implications, M.W. Salter, X.M. Yu, and Y.T. Wang Ionotropic Receptor Expression in Nervous System Development GABA and GABAA Receptors: Development and Regulation, H.Y. Kim, R.W. Olsen, and A.J. Tobin Developmental Regulation of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Gene Expression and Functional Correlations, M. Watanabe Protein Kinase and Protein Phosphatase Expression in Nervous System Development Protein Kinase Circuitry in Neuronal Cell Signaling, S.L. Pelech, Y.L. Siow, and H. Koide Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in CNS Development, M. Sahin and S. Hockfield Implications Of Receptor Expression And Regulation For Neural Development And Plasticity Receptor-Mediated Neural Development The Control of Neuronal Birth and Survival, H.A. Cameron and E. Gould Hypothalamic Receptor Regulation in the Neural Control of Puberty: Focus on Glutamate, M. Wilkinson and M. Natarajan Receptors, Sensory Stimulation, and Neuronal Modification The Development of Corticosteroid Receptor Systems in Rat Brain and Pituitary: Relation to Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Function, D. O'Donnell, J. Diorio, and M.J. Meaney Regulation of GABAA Receptors and Other Transmitter-Related Molecules in Adult Macaque Visual Cortex: Neurochemical Correlates of Functional Plasticity, S.H.C. Hendry Role of Receptors in LTP and LTD Elementary Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity in Visual Cortex, A. Kirkwood and M.F. Bear Receptor Regulation in Synaptic Plasticity, A.M. Borroni, C.M. Coussens, and T.J. Teyler Does LTP Correlate with Memory or Neuropathology? (Or, What Happens when Homeostatic Receptor Regulation Fails?), J.C. McEachern and C.A. Shaw Receptor Development And Regulation: Clinical Perspectives Effects of Developmental Neurotoxicants on Muscarinic Receptors and Intracellular Signaling Pathways, L.G. Costa Neurotransmitter Receptor Modification in Neurological Disease, C. Krieger, M. Mezei, M.I. Hasham, and R.A. Lanius Index
Laboratory and Pilot Scale Studies of Potassium Extraction from K-feldspar Decomposition with CaCl<sub>2</sub> and CaCO<sub>3</sub> (2016)

Processes for potassium extraction from abundant K-feldspar have recently attracted interest to ensure potash self-sufficiency for developing countries. Concurrently, distiller waste and soda residue formed in the ammonia–soda process (Solvay method) have resulted in serious pollution. A method of potassium extraction from K-feldspar with distiller waste and soda residue as additives is proposed. The effects of roasting temperature, particle size of K-feldspar and the amount of additive on potassium extraction for the K-feldspar–CaCl2–CaCO3 system were studied. The reaction kinetics of the system with mass ratios of K-feldspar (106–160 µm) : CaCl2 : CaCO3=1 : 2 : 2 at 750–850°C were modeled by the diffusion-based Ginstling–Brounshtein equation. The apparent activation energy was approximately 111 kJ·mol−1. On the basis of the XRD and SEM–EDS analysis, two different reaction mechanisms were proposed below and above the melting point of CaCl2 (772°C). A pilot test was carried out at a roasting temperature of 850°C and the recovery of potassium was approximately 82%. The encouraging results obtained in the laboratory were replicated at the pilot scale.
Mer590, a novel monoclonal antibody targeting MER receptor tyrosine kinase, decreases colony formation and increases chemosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer (2014)

The successes of targeted therapeutics against EGFR and ALK in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have demonstrated the substantial survival gains made possible by precision therapy. However, the majority of patients do not have tumors with genetic alterations responsive to these therapies, and therefore identification of new targets is needed. Our laboratory previously identified MER receptor tyrosine kinase as one such potential target. We now report our findings targeting MER with a clinically translatable agent--Mer590, a monoclonal antibody specific for MER. Mer590 rapidly and robustly reduced surface and total MER levels in multiple cell lines. Treatment reduced surface MER levels by 87%, and this effect was maximal within four hours. Total MER levels were also dramatically reduced, and this persisted for at least seven days. Mechanistically, MER down-regulation was mediated by receptor internalization and degradation, leading to inhibition of downstream signaling through STAT6, AKT, and ERK1/2. Functionally, this resulted in increased apoptosis, increased chemosensitivity to carboplatin, and decreased colony formation. In addition to carboplatin, Mer590 interacted cooperatively with shRNA-mediated MER inhibition to augment apoptosis. These data demonstrate that MER inhibition can be achieved with a monoclonal antibody in NSCLC. Optimization toward a clinically available anti-MER antibody is warranted.
Genetic immunization against herpes simplex virus. Protection is mediated by CD4+ T lymphocytes (1995)

Plasmid DNA encoding proteins represent a convenient novel approach to vaccination. We have investigated this "genetic immunization" approach as a means to protect against herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection using a mouse zosteriform model that mimics several aspects of reactivated HSV infection of humans. After i.m. immunization with plasmid DNA-encoding glycoprotein B (gB), (pc-gB), 80% of BALB/c mice were completely protected and lesions were delayed in the remaining animals. Upon pc-gB vaccination, the animals developed both gB- and HSV-specific IgG Ab response and the isotype examination revealed a predominance of IgG2a. These mice also have low levels (1/16) of HSV-neutralizing Abs. Immune splenocytes obtained from pc-gB-immunized mice, when restimulated in vitro with HSV resulted in production of type 1 cytokines. Evidence for CD(8+)-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocyte response was equivocal. Protection could be adoptively transferred to nude mice recipients by CD4+ T cells from pc-gB-immunized mice but not by CD8+ T cells. Our results demonstrate that genetic immunization is a potent means of inducing protection against HSV and that the mechanism of immunity responsible for clearing virus from cutaneous sites is principally by CD4+ T cells. It is likely that these cells are Th1 cells because type 1 cytokines were the major cytokines detected upon in vitro Ag stimulation.
In vitro study of blood-contacting properties and effect on bacterial adhesion of a polymeric surface with immobilized heparin and sulphated hyaluronic acid (2000)

The blood-contacting properties and the effect on bacterial adhesion of a material based on polyurethane and poly(amido-amine) (PUPA), both in its native form and with the anticoagulant molecules heparin or sulphated hyaluronic acid (HyalS3.5) electrostatically bonded to its surface, were evaluated and compared in vitro. The presence of the biological molecules on the surface was revealed by a dye test and ATR/FTIR analysis. Bound heparin was found to maintain its physiological action, in terms of thrombin inactivation, as well as did free heparin. Moreover, it reduced the degree of platelet adhesion. On the contrary, bound HyalS3.5 lost its anticoagulant activity, though it reduced platelet adhesion. The number of platelets on both modified surfaces was low. Their shape distribution, as determined by SEM, did not differ significantly on the two modified surfaces or with respect to the bare PUPA surface. HyalS3.5 and heparin also inhibited adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis to the material. A possible relationship between the platelet and bacterial adhesion is ascribed to the mediating role of plasma proteins.
Optical demultiplexer using a silicon echelette grating (1980)

An echelette grating is fabricated on a silicon surface by anisotropic etching. A five channel demultiplexer using this grating for a wavelength-division-multiplexing system is developed in the 0.8-μm wavelength region. The wavelength spacings are 250 Å. This system's insertion loss for five channels is 1.4, 1.1, 1.1, 1.1, and 1.2 dB, respectively, and crosstalk levels are <-30 dB.
Control of Vibrio fischeri lux gene transcription by a cyclic AMP receptor protein-luxR protein regulatory circuit (1988)

Expression of the Vibrio fischeri luminescence genes (lux genes) requires two transcriptional activators: the V. fischeri luxR gene product with autoinducer and the cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP) with cAMP. It has been established that autoinducer and the luxR gene product are required for transcriptional activation of the luxICDABE operon, which contains a gene required for autoinducer synthesis and genes required for light emission. However, the role of cAMP-CRP in the induction of luminescence is not clear. We examined transcriptional control of the lux genes in Escherichia coli, using catabolite repression mutants carrying lux DNA-containing plasmids. Transcriptional fusions between the lacZ gene on Mu dI and luxR were used to assess luxR promoter activity, and the luxAB genes (which encode the two luciferase subunits) were used as a natural reporter of luxICDABE promoter activity. A plasmid containing luxR under control of the cAMP-CRP-independent tac promoter was constructed to direct the synthesis of the luxR gene product in cells containing compatible luxR::Mu dI insertion mutant plasmids. In E. coli, cAMP-CRP activated transcription of luxR and concurrently decreased luxICDABE transcription. In the presence of relatively high levels of the luxR gene product, cAMP and CRP were not required for induction of the luxICDABE operon. The luxR gene product in the presence of autoinducer activated transcription of the luxICDABE operon, as has been shown previously, and we demonstrate that it also decreased luxR transcription. Apparently, control of the V. fischeri luminescence genes involves a regulatory circuit in which cAMP and CRP activate luxR transcription and in turn the luxR gene product activates transcription of the operon responsible for light emission (uxICDABE). Furthermore, in lux gene regulation cAMP-CRP and autoinducer-LuxR protein appear to function as transcriptional antagonists.
Dual pathways for regulation of root branching by nitrate (1999)

Root development is extremely sensitive to variations in nutrient supply, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We have investigated the processes by which nitrate (NO3-), depending on its availability and distribution, can have both positive and negative effects on the development and growth of lateral roots. When Arabidopsis roots were exposed to a locally concentrated supply of NO3- there was no increase in lateral root numbers within the NO3--rich zone, but there was a localized 2-fold increase in the mean rate of lateral root elongation, which was attributable to a corresponding increase in the rate of cell production in the lateral root meristem. Localized applications of other N sources did not stimulate lateral root elongation, consistent with previous evidence that the NO3- ion is acting as a signal rather than a nutrient. The axr4 auxin-resistant mutant was insensitive to the stimulatory effect of NO3-, suggesting an overlap between the NO3- and auxin response pathways. High rates of NO3- supply to the roots had a systemic inhibitory effect on lateral root development that acted specifically at the stage when the laterals had just emerged from the primary root, apparently delaying final activation of the lateral root meristem. A nitrate reductase-deficient mutant showed increased sensitivity to this systemic inhibitory effect, suggesting that tissue NO3- levels may play a role in generating the inhibitory signal. We present a model in which root branching is modulated by opposing signals from the plant's internal N status and the external supply of NO3-.
The extracellular matrix and atherosclerosis (1995)

The vascular extracellular matrix is a collection of vastly different macromolecules organized by entanglement and cross-linking into a biomechanically active polymer that imparts regional tensile strength, viscoelasticity, and compressibility to the atherosclerotic lesion. Each component of the extracellular matrix possesses unique structural properties that determine its separate roles during atherogenesis. Not only does this matrix provide the architectural framework that influences the structural integrity of the lesion, but it also provides the milieu for vascular cells and participates in the adhesive, proliferative, and migratory events that characterize lesion development. The fact that different components of the extracellular matrix selectively bind plasma proteins, growth factors, cytokines, and enzymes implicate these molecules in the regulation of key metabolic events in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. The extracellular matrix can no longer be thought of as simply an inert structural mass, but rather as a collection of molecules that possesses the capacity to 'instruct' and 'transduce the information' that 'drives' events central to the atherogenic process. A more thorough understanding of the nature and properties of the vascular extracellular matrix and the factors that regulate its accumulation would seem to be a reasonable goal if progress is to be made towards alleviating this disease.
The online solution of the hand-eye problem (2000)

The hand-eye problem consists in determining the relative pose between two coordinate frames fixed to the same rigid body from measurements of the poses attained by these two frames, as the body moves. In robotics this problem arises when two frames are attached to the end-effector (EE), one of these at the gripper, the other to a sensor such as a camera or a laser range-finder. Various procedures have been proposed to solve this problem when perfect pose measurements are available at a pair of EE poses, the treatment of noisy measurements being a current research topic. Solutions proposed for the case of perfect measurements require an iterative procedure based on the singular-value decomposition, which itself relies on iterative procedures. The treatment of noisy measurements has led to offline least-square solutions. It is shown in this paper that, based on an invariant formulation of the problem at hand, a solution is possible that relies on recursive linear least squares. Thus, the procedure lends itself to an online implementation, as demonstrated here with experimental results. A major difference between the proposed procedure and those reported in the literature is that the latter are iterative; ours is recursive.
Identification of Hammerstein Models With Cubic Spline Nonlinearities (2004)

This paper considers the use of cubic splines, instead of polynomials, to represent the static nonlinearities in block structured models. It introduces a system identification algorithm for the Hammerstein structure, a static nonlinearity followed by a linear filter, where cubic splines represent the static nonlinearity and the linear dynamics are modeled using a finite impulse response filter. The algorithm uses a separable least squares Levenberg-Marquardt optimization to identify Hammerstein cascades whose nonlinearities are modeled by either cubic splines or polynomials. These algorithms are compared in simulation, where the effects of variations in the input spectrum and distribution, and those of the measurement noise are examined. The two algorithms are used to fit Hammerstein models to stretch reflex electromyogram (EMG) data recorded from a spinal cord injured patient. The model with the cubic spline nonlinearity provides more accurate predictions of the reflex EMG than the polynomial based model, even in novel data.
The Ins and Outs of Body Surface Immunology (2000)

Rather than being confined to the secondary lymphoid tissue of the spleen and lymph nodes, large numbers of lymphocytes are intrinsically associated with the epithelial surfaces of the body. The best studied is gut-associated lymphoid tissue, but distinct epithelium-associated lymphoid tissue also exists in the reproductive tract, the lung, and the skin. The multiple cell types and functions composing these lymphoid tissues are increasingly seen as the key to how antigens delivered to body surfaces can elicit either immunogenic or tolerogenic responses. In some instances, these responses occur purely within the local body surface tissue, yet in other cases both local and systemic responses are elicited.
Inhibition of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) C receptor expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in A10 vascular smooth-muscle cells is associated with attenuation of ANP-C-receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (2000)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mediates a variety of physiological effects through its interaction with ANP-A, ANP-B or ANP-C receptors. However, controversies exist regarding the involvement of ANP-C receptor and adenylyl cyclase/cAMP signal-transduction systems to which these receptors are coupled in mediating these responses. In the present studies, we have employed an antisense approach to eliminate the ANP-C receptor and to examine the effect of this elimination on adenylyl cyclase inhibition. An 18-mer antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (OH-2) targeted at the initiation codon of the ANP-C receptor was used to examine its effects on the expression of the ANP-C receptor and ANP-C-receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in vascular smooth-muscle cells (A10). Treatment of the cells with antisense oligonucleotide resulted in complete attenuation of C-ANP4-23 [des(Gln18, Ser19, Gln20, Leu21, Gly22)ANP4-23-NH2]-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, whereas sense and missense oligomers did not affect the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by C-ANP4-23. In addition, the stimulatory effects of guanine nucleotides, isoproterenol, sodium fluoride and forskolin as well as the inhibitory effects of angiotensin II on adenylyl cyclase were not affected by antisense-oligonucleotide treatment. The attenuation of C-ANP4-23-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by antisense oligonucleotide was dose- and time-dependent. A complete attenuation of ANP-C-receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase was observed at 2.5 μM. In addition, treatment of the cells with antisense oligonucleotide and not with sense or missense oligomers resulted in the inhibition of the levels of ANP-C-receptor protein and mRNA as determined by immunoblotting and Northern blotting using antisera against the ANP-C receptor and a cDNA probe of the ANP-C receptor respectively. On the other hand, ANP-A/B-receptor-mediated increases in cGMP levels were not inhibited by antisense-oligonucleotide treatment. Our results demonstrate conclusively that the elimination of ANP-C receptor by antisense oligonucleotide attenuates ANP-induced inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and provide evidence that antisense oligonucleotide of the ANP-C receptor may serve as a useful pharmacological tool to elucidate the physiological functions of the ANP-C receptor.
Inactivation of chymotrypsin by diphenyldiazomethane. (1966)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A novel nitrilase, arylacetonitrilase, of Alcaligenes faecalis JM3 (1990)

A new type of nitrilase, arylacetonitrilase, has been purified from isovaleronitrile-induced cells of Alcaligenes faecalis JM3 in four steps. The purity of the enzyme was confirmed by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ampholyte electrofocusing and double immunodiffusion in agarose. The enzyme has a molecular mass of about 275 kDa and consists of six subunits of identical molecular mass. The purified enzyme exhibits a pH optimum of 7.5 and a temperature optimum of 45 degrees C. The enzyme is specific for arylacetonitriles such as 2-thiophenacetonitrile, p-tolyacetonitrile, p-chlorobenzylcyanide, p-fluorobenzylcyanide and 3-pyridylacetonitrile. The enzyme stoichiometrically catalyzes the hydrolysis of arylacetonitrile to arylacetic acid and ammonia, no formation of amide occurring. However, the enzyme does not attack nitrile groups attached to aromatic and heteroaromatic rings, which are hydrolyzed preferably by the nitrilases known previously. The enzyme requires thiol compounds such as dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol to exhibit its maximum activity.
Rabix: an open-source workflow executor supporting recomputability and interoperability of workflow descriptions (2016)

As biomedical data has become increasingly easy to generate in large quantities, the methods used to analyze it have proliferated rapidly. Reproducible and reusable methods are required to learn from large volumes of data reliably. To address this issue, numerous groups have developed workflow specifications or execution engines, which provide a framework with which to perform a sequence of analyses. One such specification is the Common Workflow Language, an emerging standard which provides a robust and flexible framework for describing data analysis tools and workflows. In addition, reproducibility can be furthered by executors or workflow engines which interpret the specification and enable additional features, such as error logging, file organization, optim 1 izations tocomputation and job scheduling, and allow for easy computing on large volumes of data. To this end, we have developed the Rabix Executor a , an open-source workflow engine for the purposes of improving reproducibility through reusability and interoperability of workflow descriptions.
A hybrid circuit breaker for DC-application (2015)

The development of large scale DC microgrid and high voltage direct current (HVDC) power grid requires a reliable, fast and low-loss circuit breaker. In spite of the advantages of DC gird such as low loss and no reactive power, DC grid has major disadvantages concerning control and switch actions. A new hybrid breaker with forced commutation is proposed in this paper, which is able to interrupt the fault current in several milliseconds. Furthermore, zero-current open of mechanical switch is achieved in this topology, and the breaker could be maintained in conducting state even if the gate driver of the semiconductor devices suddenly experiences blackout. The breaker can be applied in both VSC-HVDC system and DC micro grid. The design principles of the proposed hybrid breaker are presented and verified by simulation results.
N4-Behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine as a potential new antitumor agent. (1977)

The particle growth of silica below the isoelectric point plays a key role in oil well cements, production of silica gels and production of nanosilica by dissolving silicates. In this article, we study the particle growth of silica below the isoelectric point using olivine, a silicate mineral, and sodium silicate solutions as silica sources in acid, where the particle size, soluble silica concentration, specific surface area and gelling time were measured. The size of the primary particles detected by laser light scattering is 3 nm in the experiments with sodium silicate solutions. These particles grow then by aggregation forming linear chains which in time will start to branch. The particle growth follows a quadratic polynomial function and particles as large as 100 and 500 nm are detected in the final stages of experiments using sodium silica solutions and olivine, respectively. Based on these findings, a comprehensive model describing the silica particle development below the isoelectric point is proposed. This model gives fundamental information about the growth mechanism and the properties of silica (e.g., particle size of the primary particles, size of the aggregates) at the different growth stages.