gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increasing Dermal Perfusion after Burning by Decreasing Thromboxane Production (1980)

Decreasing progressive dermal ischemia after burning could theoretically limit the amount of skin necrosis to the zone of coagulation. Methylprednisolone, aspirin, indomethacin, imidazole, dipyridamole, and methimazole have been shown to prevent dermal ischemia, suggesting that prostaglandins and/or thromboxanes may play a role in its pathogenesis. Specific antiprostaglandin antibodies (anti-PgE2, PgF2 alpha, PgI2, and TxA2) were reacted with tissue biopsies of burned guinea pig skin at various time intervals postburn. An immunoperoxidase technique with goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin and horseradish peroxidase demonstrated the presence of the specific arachidonic acid metabolites. The burned tissue showed high levels of PgE2 and TxA2. The effects of three thromboxane inhibitors, imidazole, methimazole, and dipyridamole, on dermal ischemia were studied. Xenon133 washout studies were performed in burned and unburned areas. Tissue half-life of Xenon was prolonged in burned, untreated areas but this rapidly decreased in antithromboxane-treated burns. Repeated antiprostaglandin and antithromboxane antibody-immunoperoxidase studies on tissue from the thromboxane inhibitor-treated animals showed that PgE2, PgF2 alpha, and PgI2 were at the same levels as in untreated animals, but thromboxane (TxA2) was essentially absent, suggesting that thromboxane may be responsible for the progressive dermal ischemia after burning and that decreasing its production can increase dermal perfusion.
Genomic analysis of the aromatic catabolic pathways from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (2002)

Analysis of the catabolic potential of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 against a wide range of natural aromatic compounds and sequence comparisons with the entire genome of this microorganism predicted the existence of at least four main pathways for the catabolism of central aromatic intermediates, that is, the protocatechuate (pca genes) and catechol (cat genes) branches of the beta-ketoadipate pathway, the homogentisate pathway (hmg/fah/mai genes) and the phenylacetate pathway (pha genes). Two additional gene clusters that might be involved in the catabolism of N-heterocyclic aromatic compounds (nic cluster) and in a central meta-cleavage pathway (pcm genes) were also identified. Furthermore, the genes encoding the peripheral pathways for the catabolism of p-hydroxybenzoate (pob), benzoate (ben), quinate (qui), phenylpropenoid compounds (fcs, ech, vdh, cal, van, acd and acs), phenylalanine and tyrosine (phh, hpd) and n-phenylalkanoic acids (fad) were mapped in the chromosome of P. putida KT2440. Although a repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) element is usually associated with the gene clusters, a supraoperonic clustering of catabolic genes that channel different aromatic compounds into a common central pathway (catabolic island) was not observed in P. putida KT2440. The global view on the mineralization of aromatic compounds by P. putida KT2440 will facilitate the rational manipulation of this strain for improving biodegradation/biotransformation processes, and reveals this bacterium as a useful model system for studying biochemical, genetic, evolutionary and ecological aspects of the catabolism of aromatic compounds.
Characterization and Distribution of Transferrin Receptors in the Rat Brain (1990)

Transferrin receptors were characterized with 125I-ferrotransferrin on membrane fractions prepared from the rodent forebrain. The distribution of transferrin receptors in the rat brain was investigated further by in vitro autoradiography. Saturation binding analysis revealed an apparent single class of sites with a dissociation constant of 2 nM and a binding site density of 15 pmol/g. The Hill coefficient derived from these data was 1.05, indicating the absence of cooperativity and that 125I-ferrotransferrin binds to a single class of sites. Estimates of the kinetically determined KD for forebrain membranes were within the 2-4 nM range, in agreement with the equilibrium measurements. Apotransferrin and ferrotransferrin competitively displaced the binding of 125I-ferrotransferrin, while ferritin, albumin, and cytochrome c failed to compete for the binding site. Ceruloplasmin, the copper transport protein, was a weak inhibitor of 125I-ferrotransferrin binding. Autoradiographic localization studies demonstrate a heterogeneous distribution of transferrin receptors in the rat brain. Transferrin receptor densities were markedly elevated over the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. Moderate to high 125I-ferrotransferrin binding was also apparent throughout areas involved in motor functions, including the caudate-putamen, the nucleus accumbens, the substantia nigra, the red nucleus, and the cerebellum.
Hydrogen bond directed cocrystallization and molecular recognition properties of acyclic imides (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogen bond directed cocrystallization and molecular recognition properties of acyclic imidesMargaret C. Etter and Susan M. ReutzelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7, 2586–2598Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00007a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00007a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1415Altmetric-Citations199LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Magnetomotive contrast for in vivo optical coherence tomography (2005)

Molecularly-specific contrast can greatly enhance the biomedical utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT). We describe a contrast mechanism, magnetomotive OCT (MMOCT), where a modulated magnetic field induces motion of magnetic nanoparticles. The motion of the nanoparticles modifies the amplitude of the OCT interferogram. High specificity is achieved by subtracting the background fluctuations of the specimen, and sensitivity to 220 microg/g magnetite nanoparticles is demonstrated. Optically and mechanically correct tissue phantoms elucidate the relationships between imaging contrast and nanoparticle concentration, imaging depth, tissue optical scattering, and magnetic field strength. MMOCT is demonstrated in a living Xenopus laevis tadpole where the results were consistent with corresponding histology.
Modeling fragile X syndrome in the <i>Fmr1</i> knockout mouse (2014)

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a commonly inherited form of intellectual disability and one of the leading genetic causes for autism spectrum disorder. Clinical symptoms of FXS can include impaired cognition, anxiety, hyperactivity, social phobia, and repetitive behaviors. FXS is caused by a CGG repeat mutation which expands a region on the X chromosome containing the FMR1 gene. In FXS, a full mutation (> 200 repeats) leads to hypermethylation of FMR1, an epigenetic mechanism that effectively silences FMR1 gene expression and reduces levels of the FMR1 gene product, fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that is important for the regulation of protein expression. In an effort to further understand how loss of FMR1 and FMRP contribute to FXS symptomology, several FXS animal models have been created. The most well characterized rodent model is the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse, which lacks FMRP protein due to a disruption in its Fmr1 gene. Here, we review the behavioral phenotyping of the Fmr1 KO mouse to date, and discuss the clinical relevance of this mouse model to the human FXS condition. While much remains to be learned about FXS, the Fmr1 KO mouse is a valuable tool for understanding the repercussions of functional loss of FMRP and assessing the efficacy of pharmacological compounds in ameliorating the molecular and behavioral phenotypes relevant to FXS.
Enzyme Immunoassay of Benzyl Penicilloyl (BPO) Groups Using Acetylcholinesterase as Label. Application to the Study of the BPO-Binding Sites on Albumin (1991)

Benzyl penicilloyl groups (BPO) derive from penicillin G by cleavage of the beta lactam ring; they covalently bind to proteins to give conjugates which have lost all antibiotic properties but are considered as the major allergenic determinants in penicillin allergy. A solid-phase Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) of BPO groups in different biological fluids is described. It is a competitive immunoassay using acetylcholinesterase as label. In all biological fluids, very low non-specific binding values are observed. The sensitivity and the precision of the assay are good since ca. 0.5 ng/ml can be measured with a coefficient of variation less than 10%. Cross reactions between BPO and penicillin or penicillin derivatives are nil or very low. This assay is more sensitive, much more rapid and easier to handle than the other methods available and is thus suitable for routine determinations. In association with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography this EIA has allowed an initial investigation of the location of BPO-binding sites on micro quantities of serum albumin (ca. 1 mg) from penicillin treated patients.
Hexasulfonated calix[6]arene derivatives: a new class of catalysts, surfactants, and host molecules (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHexasulfonated calix[6]arene derivatives: a new class of catalysts, surfactants, and host moleculesSeiji. Shinkai, Seiichi. Mori, Hiroshi. Koreishi, Takayuki. Tsubaki, and Osamu. ManabeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 9, 2409–2416Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00269a045RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2453Altmetric-Citations401LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (986 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of an Intravenous Infusion of the New Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 (6%, 500 mL) in Mild-to-Severe Renal Impairment (2002)

Dependency of the pharmacokinetics of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 on renal function was studied. The area under the time concentration curve increased moderately with more severe renal dysfunction; however, small plasma concentrations were observed after 24 h. Terminal half-life and peak concentration remained unaffected by renal impairment.
Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome before and after Treatment with Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (2000)

We conclude that repetitive apnoeas/hypopnoeas are very important factors in the development of both LV diastolic dysfunction and diastolic systemic hypertension in patients with OSA syndrome. Treatment with nCPAP leads to significant improvement in both ventricular function and systemic hypertension.
Treatment of Experimental Leishmaniasis with the Immunomodulators Imiquimod and S‐28463: Efficacy and Mode of Action (1999)

There is a need for new, effective, and less toxic treatments for leishmaniasis, an infectious disease caused by Leishmania protozoa and is a major cause of suffering and morbidity in much of the developing world. Imiquimod, an immune-response modifier, has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of genital warts caused by human papillomaviruses. Imiquimod initiates a local immune reaction, including the stimulation of macrophages, resulting in resolution of human papillomavirus infection and regression of the viral lesion. Since imiquimod activates a number of immune cells, including macrophages, which are the only host cells of Leishmania species, an investigation was done to determine whether it induces leishmanicidal properties in infected macrophages in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model. Imiquimod and a related compound, S-28463, effectively stimulated leishmanicidal activity in macrophages; moreover, imiquimod stimulated signal transduction associated with inducing nitric oxide synthesis in macrophages.
Regulation of cardiac gene expression during myocardial growth and hypertrophy: molecular studies of an adaptive physiologic response (1991)

Studies from both in vivo and in vitro model systems have provided an initial skeleton of the potential signaling pathways that might regulate cardiac genes during growth and hypertrophy. One of the first detectable changes in cardiac gene expression is the activation of a program of immediate early gene expression, which is distinct for the hypertrophic response, and is conserved in multiple models of both in vivo and in vitro hypertrophy. Diverse and distinct hormonal stimuli have been documented to activate several features of the hypertrophic response, including several autocrine and paracrine factors. Although the signaling mechanisms that link these factors with the activation of cardiac gene expression are unclear, recent studies suggest that the activation of protein kinase C may represent one of the most proximal common events in this signaling cascade. The activation of cardiac target genes induces a program of embryonic gene expression, including the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) gene. The cis sequences that mediate cardiac-specific and inducible expression of an embryonic marker gene (ANF) can be segregated by studies in both cultured cell models and in vivo models of hypertrophy in transgenic mice, suggesting that specific sets of regulatory elements may exist for inducible expression of this class of cardiac gene responses. However, the induction of a constitutively expressed contractile protein gene (MLC-2) is mediated by a set of conserved elements that regulate both cardiac-specific and inducible expression. Finally, a subset of cardiac muscle genes appears to be noninducible during in vivo or in vitro hypertrophy in myocardial cells, demonstrating specificity of transcriptional activation during the hypertrophic process. The development of a bona fide in vivo pressure overload model of hypertrophy in a small animal model that can be genetically manipulated, such as the in vivo murine model recently described, should allow a rigorous analysis of the role of these specific signaling mechanisms in the activation of the responses of cardiac genes during the hypertrophic process in vivo.
NPPC/NPR2 signaling is essential for oocyte meiotic arrest and cumulus oophorus formation during follicular development in the mouse ovary (2012)

Natriuretic peptide type C (NPPC) and its high affinity receptor, natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2), have been assumed to be involved in female reproduction and have recently been shown to play an essential role in maintaining meiotic arrest of oocytes. However, the overall role of NPPC/NPR2 signaling in female reproduction and ovarian function is still less clear. Here we report the defects observed in oocytes and follicles of mice homozygous for Nppc(lbab) or Npr2(cn), mutant alleles of Nppc or Npr2 respectively to clarify the exact consequences of lack of NPPC/NPR2 signaling in female reproductive systems. We found that: i) Npr2(cn)/Npr2(cn) female mice ovulated a comparable number of oocytes as normal mice but never produced a litter; ii) all ovulated oocytes of Npr2(cn)/Npr2(cn) and Nppc(lbab)/Nppc(lbab) mice exhibited abnormalities, such as fragmented or degenerated ooplasm and never developed to the two-cell stage after fertilization; iii) histological examination of the ovaries of Npr2(cn)/Npr2(cn) and Nppc(lbab)/Nppc(lbab) mice showed that oocytes in antral follicles prematurely resumed meiosis and that immediately before ovulation, oocytes showed disorganized chromosomes or fragmented ooplasm; and iv) ovulated oocytes and oocytes in the periovulatory follicles of the mutant mice were devoid of cumulus cells. These findings demonstrate that NPPC/NPR2 signaling is essential for oocyte meiotic arrest and cumulus oophorus formation, which affects female fertility through the production of oocytes with developmental capacity.
Hydrocephalus and primary ciliary dyskinesia. (1984)

Primary ciliary dyskinesia was shown in a 12 year old boy with bronchiectasis who had developed hydrocephalus in the neonatal period. The possible relevance of his ciliary abnormality is discussed.
Adjusted P-Values for Simultaneous Inference (1992)

This paper proposes that results from simultaneous tests be reported as adjusted P-values such that, if the adjusted P-value for an individual hypothesis is less than the chosen significance level of a, then the hypothesis is rejected with an experimentwise error rate of no more than ax. Examples are given of adjusted P-values for multiple comparisons in the analysis of variance and of adjusted P-values based on the Bonferroni procedure and modifications of that procedure by Holm (1979, Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 6, 65-70), Hochberg (1988, Biometrika 75, 800-802), and Hommel (1988, Biometrika 75, 383-386). The modified Bonferroni-based procedures are much more powerful than the original Bonferroni procedure, and they deserve wider use. In addition to the above, a procedure is outlined for obtaining adjusted P-values for any closed test procedure.
A Fiber-Optic Evanescent Wave DNA Biosensor Based on Novel Molecular Beacons (1999)

We have prepared a novel optical fiber evanescent wave DNA biosensor using a newly developed molecular beacon DNA probe. The molecular beacons (MB) are oligonucleotide probes that become fluorescent upon hybridization with target DNA/RNA molecules. Biotinylated MBs have been designed and immobilized on an optical fiber core surface via biotin-avidin or biotin-streptavidin interactions. The DNA sensor based on a MB does not need labeled analyte or intercalation reagents. It can be used to directly detect, in real-time, target DNA/RNA molecules without using competitive assays. The sensor is rapid, stable, highly selective, and reproducible. We have studied the hybridization kinetics of the immobilized MB by changing the ionic strength of the hybridization solution and target DNA concentration. Our result shows divalent cations play a more important role than monovalent cations in stabilizing the MB stem hybrids and in accelerating the hybridization reaction with target DNA/RNA molecules. The concentration detection limit of the MB evanescent wave biosensor is 1.1 nM. The MB DNA biosensor has been applied to the analysis of specific gamma-actin mRNA sequences amplified by polymerase chain reaction.
A Graphene Platform for Sensing Biomolecules (2009)

Sensitive platform: The use of graphene oxide (GO) as a platform for the sensitive and selective detection of DNA and proteins is presented. The interaction of GO and dye-labeled single-stranded DNA leads to quenching of the dye fluorescence. Conversely, the presence of a target DNA or protein leads to the binding of the dye-labeled DNA and target, releasing the DNA from GO, thereby restoring the dye fluorescence (see picture).
A modified toxicity probability interval method for dose-finding trials (2010)

The new method mTPI is essentially calibration free and exhibits improved performance over the TPI method. These features make the mTPI a desirable choice for the design of practical trials.
The Inflammatory Syndrome (2004)

The metabolic effects of obesity have made this highly prevalent disease one of the most common risk factors for diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, the leading causes of end-stage renal failure. However, obesity per se, as defined by body mass index, is less predictive of the development of these diseases than is the presence of a constellation of obesity-related abnormalities now known as the metabolic syndrome. Recognition of this syndrome, which can readily be identified in clinical settings using defined threshold values for waist circumference, BP, fasting glucose, and dyslipidemia, allows for earlier intervention in these high-risk patients. Systemic insulin resistance has been implicated as one possible factor that links visceral obesity to adverse metabolic consequences; however, the mechanism whereby adipose tissue causes alterations in insulin sensitivity remains unclear. Infection and inflammation are commonly associated with insulin resistance, and visceral obesity is associated with a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state, suggesting that inflammation may be a potential mechanism whereby obesity leads to insulin resistance. Moreover, adipose tissue is now recognized as an immune organ that secretes numerous immunomodulatory factors and seems to be a significant source of inflammatory signals known to cause insulin resistance. Therefore, inflammation within white adipose tissue may be a crucial step contributing to the emergence of many of the pathologic features that characterize the metabolic syndrome and result in diabetes and atherosclerosis. This review describes the role of proinflammatory cytokines and hormones released by adipose tissue in generating the chronic inflammatory profile associated with visceral obesity.
MicroRNA Expression Profiling of Thyroid Tumors: Biological Significance and Diagnostic Utility (2008)

In this study, we demonstrate that various histopathological types of thyroid tumors have distinct miRNA profiles, which further differ within the same tumor type, reflecting specific oncogenic mutations. A limited set of miRNAs can be used diagnostically with high accuracy to detect thyroid cancer in the surgical and preoperative FNA samples.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Fluoxetine Inhibits Replication of Human Enteroviruses B and D by Targeting Viral Protein 2C (2013)

Although the genus Enterovirus contains many important human pathogens, there is no licensed drug for either the treatment or the prophylaxis of enterovirus infections. We report that fluoxetine (Prozac)--a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor--inhibits the replication of human enterovirus B (HEV-B) and HEV-D but does not affect the replication of HEV-A and HEV-C or human rhinovirus A or B. We show that fluoxetine interferes with viral RNA replication, and we identified viral protein 2C as the target of this compound.