gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Folic acid antagonists. Methotrexate analogs containing spurious amino acids. Dichlorohomofolic acid (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFolic acid antagonists. Methotrexate analogs containing spurious amino acids. Dichlorohomofolic acidWilliam W. Lee, Abelardo P. Martinez, and Leon GoodmanCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 3, 326–330Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00249a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00249a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activation of mouse lymphocytes by anti-immunoglobulin. I. Parameters of the proliferative response. (1978)

Spleen cell cultures from young adult mice of a variety of strains were stimulated to incorporate tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) by a goat anti-mouse IgM antiserum and by purified anti-mu antibodies prepared from this serum. This stimulation was shown to depend upon the anti-mu activity of the antiserum. In addition, ultracentrifuged anti-mu and F(ab')2 fragments of anti-mu were shown to be stimulatory. The anti-mu preparation lacked detectable endotoxin contamination and was also shown to stimulate response by two strains (C57BL/10ScCr and C3H/HeJ) which are unresponsive to the mitogenic effects of endotoxin, while it failed to stimulate a response by cells from a mouse strain (CBA/N) which responds to endotoxin. In addition purified goat anti-mouse gamma, kappa antibodies and rabbit anti-mouse kappa-antib odies stimulated uptake of [3H]TdR by mouse spleen cells, although to a lesser degree than the anti-mu preparation. The cell density, culture requirements, and kinetics of the response are presented.
Identification of Porphyromonas gingivalis components that mediate its interactions with fibronectin (1991)

Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis W12 binds and degrades human plasma fibronectin. In the presence of the protease inhibitor N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone, P. gingivalis cells accumulated substantial amounts of 125I-fibronectin as a function of incubation time. Fibronectin binding was specific, reversible, and saturable. The Kd for the reaction was estimated to be on the order of 100 nM, and there was an average of 3.5 x 10(3) fibronectin binding sites per cell. Unlabeled fibronectin inhibited the binding of 125I-fibronectin to bacteria; however, fibrinogen was an even more efficient inhibitor of 125I-fibronectin binding. Unrelated proteins were without effect on fibronectin binding. A fibronectin-binding component (Mr, 150,000) was identified in sodium dodecyl sulfate-solubilized P. gingivalis. Fibronectin was degraded into discrete peptides by P. gingivalis W12. The degradation of fibronectin was inhibited by N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone. Two P. gingivalis components (Mrs, 120,000 and 150,000) degraded fibronectin in substrate-containing gels following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In a previous study (M. S. Lantz, R. D. Allen, T. A. Vail, L. M. Switalski, and M. Hook, J. Bacteriol. 173:495-504, 1991), we found that the same strain of P. gingivalis bound and subsequently degraded human fibrinogen via apparently distinct cell surface components of molecular sizes similar to those of components now implicated in the binding and degradation of fibronectin. These results raise the possibility that the two ligands are recognized and modified by the same components on P. gingivalis W12. In support of this hypothesis, unlabeled fibrinogen effectively inhibited the binding of 125I-fibronectin to bacteria and blocked 125I-fibronectin binding to a P. gingivalis ligand-binding component (Mr, 150,000 immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane.
Effect of Cross-Linking Properties on the Vibrational Dynamics of Cyclodextrins-Based Polymers: An Experimental–Numerical Study (2012)

The vibrational dynamics of cyclodextrin nanosponges (CDNS), a new class of nanostructured soft materials synthesized via cross-linking reaction of natural cyclic oligosaccharide β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with suitable organic reagents, is investigated by means of the combined use of Raman and infrared spectroscopy, supported by numerical simulations. The vibrational spectra of the polymers show significant changes in the frequency ranges 3000-3700 and 1500-1800 cm(-1) correlated to the relative amount of cross-linker with respect to monomeric CD. By using band deconvolution and best-fit procedure of the experimental data and quantum chemical computations, a correlation between such changes and the degree of cross-linking of the polymeric network is proposed. This experimental-numerical approach, here applied to a model class of nanoporous polymeric systems, appears to be of general application for the study of polymeric matrixes of interest for biolife applications.
Domain-focused CRISPR screen identifies HRI as a fetal hemoglobin regulator in human erythroid cells (2018)

Increasing fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels in adult red blood cells provides clinical benefit to patients with sickle cell disease and some forms of β-thalassemia. To identify potentially druggable HbF regulators in adult human erythroid cells, we employed a protein kinase domain-focused CRISPR-Cas9-based genetic screen with a newly optimized single-guide RNA scaffold. The screen uncovered the heme-regulated inhibitor HRI (also known as EIF2AK1), an erythroid-specific kinase that controls protein translation, as an HbF repressor. HRI depletion markedly increased HbF production in a specific manner and reduced sickling in cultured erythroid cells. Diminished expression of the HbF repressor BCL11A accounted in large part for the effects of HRI depletion. Taken together, these results suggest HRI as a potential therapeutic target for hemoglobinopathies.
Editorial: Adaptor Protein Regulation in Immune Signalling (2020)

EDITORIAL article Front. Immunol., 13 March 2020Sec. Molecular Innate Immunity Volume 11 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00441
Osteoclasts in Multiple Myeloma Are Derived from Gr-1+CD11b+Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (2012)

Osteoclasts play a key role in the development of cancer-associated osteolytic lesions. The number and activity of osteoclasts are often enhanced by tumors. However, the origin of osteoclasts is unknown. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the pre-metastatic niche components that are induced to expand by tumor cells. Here we show that the MDSCs can differentiate into mature and functional osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo. Inoculation of 5TGM1-GFP myeloma cells into C57BL6/KaLwRij mice led to a significant expansion of MDSCs in blood, spleen, and bone marrow over time. When grown in osteoclastogenic media in vitro, MDSCs from tumor-challenged mice displayed 14 times greater potential to differentiate into mature and functional osteoclasts than those from non-tumor controls. Importantly, MDSCs from tumor-challenged LacZ transgenic mice differentiated into LacZ+osteoclasts in vivo. Furthermore, a significant increase in tumor burden and bone loss accompanied by increased number of osteoclasts was observed in mice co-inoculated with tumor-challenged MDSCs and 5TGM1 cells compared to the control animals received 5TGM1 cells alone. Finally, treatment of MDSCs from myeloma-challenged mice with Zoledronic acid (ZA), a potent inhibitor of bone resorption, inhibited the number of osteoclasts formed in MDSC cultures and the expansion of MDSCs and bone lesions in mice. Collectively, these data provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that tumor-induced MDSCs exacerbate cancer-associated bone destruction by directly serving as osteoclast precursors.
A naturally occurring mutant human epidermal growth factor receptor as a target for peptide vaccine immunotherapy of tumors. (1997)

The type III EGF receptor (EGFRvIII) is the result of an in-frame deletion from nucleotides 275 to 1075 in the EGF receptor cDNA sequence creating a novel epitope at the fusion junction. This spontaneously occurring alteration is found in a high percentage of primary human brain, breast, lung and ovarian tumors. We have explored whether a peptide derived from the fusion junction could serve as the basis for an antitumor vaccine. Preimmunization of mice with this peptide substantially inhibited tumor formation by cells expressing EGFRvIII. Tumor cell inoculation followed by immunization could also enhance the regression of existing tumors. Antibody production was elicited in animals that was highly specific for the novel epitope and also a CTL response that was mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes. The alteration present in EGFRvIII could serve as the basis for an antitumor vaccine with potentially wide application in humans.
A detailed evaluation of cardiac toxicity: a phase II study of doxorubicin and one- or three-hour-infusion paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer. (2002)

When the doxorubicin dose exceeds 360 mg/m2, the combination of bolus doxorubicin and paclitaxel presents unacceptable cardiac risk.
Commercial Application of the PS-VI Catalyst in the Revamped 0.8 Mt/a Catalytic Reforming Unit (2006)

这篇文章在在修理并且膨胀能力的过程遇到的主要技术困难上做分析(CCR ) 在天津石油化学的同伴从 600 kt/a 联合起来到 800 kt/a 的连续催化改过。为扩展 CCR 单位能力到 800 kt/a 的要求通过采用低 carbon-makePS- Ⅵ催化剂被满足了，适当地降低改革的 RONC 吃了，并且当保留反应系统时，适当地翻新塔和炉子，催化剂新生系统并且在那里骑车氢压缩机未经触动。刻度结果表明了液体产出 ofreformate 产品，改革的辛烷等级吃了，纯氢收益， aromatics 收益和全面变换率都遇见了重组设计目标。
The role of the eae gene of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in intimate attachment in vitro and in a porcine model. (1993)

The eaeA gene of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is necessary for intimate attachment to epithelial cells in vitro. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains also possess an eae gene and are capable of intimate attachment and microvillus effacement in vitro and in animal models. To assess the role of the EHEC eae gene in intimate attachment, we constructed an eae deletion/insertion mutation in wild-type EHEC O157:H7 strain 86-24 by using linear electroporation of a recombinant allele. The mutant obtained was deficient in inducing f-actin accumulation in HEp-2 cells and was incapable of attaching intimately to colonic epithelial cells in a newborn piglet model of infection. Intimate attachment in vivo was restored when the EHEC eae gene or the eaeA gene of EPEC was introduced into the mutant on a plasmid. These results indicate that the eae gene is necessary for intimate attachment of EHEC in vivo. In addition, the complementation achieved by the EPEC locus indicates that the eae gene of EHEC and the eaeA gene of EPEC are functionally homologous.
Targeting the mTOR Pathway in Neuroendocrine Tumors (2009)

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare, generally indolent tumors that are lethal in the metastatic setting. Treatment options to control tumor growth are limited. In clinical trials, investigational oral mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have shown activity in patients with metastatic NETs. The purpose of this article is to provide oncology nurses with a background on the mechanism of action of mTOR inhibitors in the setting of NETs. Increased understanding of the role of mTOR in the pathogenesis of NETs has led to the study of mTOR inhibitor investigational agents in NETs. Treatments are evolving and currently focusing on targeted agents such as mTOR inhibitors. Understanding the mechanisms of action of targeted agents is a critical component of nursing knowledge.
Formation of brainstem (nor)adrenergic centers and first-order relay visceral sensory neurons is dependent on homeodomain protein Rnx/Tlx3 (2001)

Brainstem visceral sensory and (nor)adrenergic neurons play crucial roles in modulating cardiovascular and respiratory functions. The origins and formation of these neurons are poorly understood. Here we show that these two classes of neurons are derived from Mash1-positive precursor cells, and can be prospectively identified by combinatorial expression of two homeobox genes, Rnx and Phox2 (Phox2a or Phox2b). It was previously shown that Rnx-deficient mice die from respiratory failure. Here we show that Rnx function is required for formation of first-order relay visceral sensory neurons in the brainstem. In addition, as in Phox2b-deficient mice, the development of most (nor)adrenergic centers is compromised in Rnx mutants. We also provide genetic evidence to show that Rnx and Phox2 proteins may function independently to specify the (nor)adrenergic phenotype. Our studies reveal a surprising ontogenetic relationship between relay visceral sensory and (nor)adrenergic neurons, and suggest that it may be a common theme in the developing nervous system that the same set of transcriptional regulators is associated with formation of multiple components within a neuronal network.
A new approach to motor condition monitoring in induction motor drives (1994)

A new method for condition monitoring of an electrical machine is proposed. The method uses the power leads to the machine itself as the communication link between the sending station located within the machine and the receiving station located remotely outside the machine. The required communication circuit to realize data transmission in both the cases of the ordinary 60 Hz power line and the special PWM inverter-fed power line is then constructed. The communication circuit uses an asynchronous serial communication protocol and an FSK modulation for realizing frequency multiplexing in the power line. An on-line winding temperature monitoring system for an inverter-fed induction machine is constructed using this power line communication link. Experimental results demonstrate satisfactory operation of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Association of levels of lipoprotein Lp(a), plasma lipids, and other lipoproteins with coronary artery disease documented by angiography. (1986)

In a study of 307 white patients who underwent coronary angiography, the relationship of coronary artery disease (CAD) to plasma levels of lipoprotein Lp(a) and other lipid-lipoprotein variables was examined. Lp(a) resembles low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in several ways, but can be distinguished and quantified by electroimmunoassay. CAD was rated as present or absent and was also represented by a quantitative lesion score derived from estimates of stenosis in four major coronary vessels. Coronary lesion scores significantly correlated with Lp(a), total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels by univariate statistical analysis. By multivariate analysis levels of Lp(a) were associated significantly and independently with the presence of CAD (p less than .02), and tended to correlate with lesion scores (p = .06). Among subgroups Lp(a) level was associated with CAD in women of all ages and in men 55 years old or younger. An apparent threshold for coronary risk occurred at Lp(a) lipoprotein mass concentrations of 30 to 40 mg/dl, corresponding to Lp(a) cholesterol concentrations of approximately 10 to 13 mg/dl. Plasma Lp(a) in white patients appears to be a major coronary risk factor with an importance approaching that of the level of LDL or HDL cholesterol.
Intravascular contrast agents suitable for magnetic resonance imaging. (1984)

Two paramagnetic chelates, chromium EDTA and gadolinium DTPA, were evaluated as potential intravenous contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MR) using a 0.5-T superconducting scanner. After evaluating both agents in vitro, in vivo studies were conducted in dogs to document changes in renal appearance produced by contrast injection. Acute splenic and renal infarction were diagnosed with contrast-enhanced MR and confirmed by gamma camera imaging following administration of Tc-99m-labeled DMSA and sulfur colloid. The authors conclude that intravenous paramagnetic contrast agents presently offer the best mechanism for assessment of tissue function and changes in perfusion with MR.
Adenovirus transduction of 3T3-L1 cells (2001)

3T3-L1 cells offer an excellent model system for studies of differentiation and biochemistry of fat cells. However, these cells are limited in their utility by the low efficiency with which DNA can be introduced by transfection. Gene delivery by viral vectors, particularly adenovirus, has proven a powerful means for introduction of genes into certain cell types. Furthermore, adenovirus transduction has been used to study mechanisms involved in the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into mature fat cells. We show in this study that 3T3-L1 cells are inefficiently transduced by adenovirus. The potential advantages offered by adenovirus transduction led us to examine methods designed to enhance transduction of 3T3-L1 cells by adenovirus. Of these methods, polylysine-mediated enhancement demonstrates considerable promise because it permits up to 100% of cells to be transduced and because it does not inhibit differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. -- Orlicky D. J., and J. Schaack. Adenovirus transduction of 3T3-L1 cells. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 460--466.
Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging (2001)

Ultrasound is an inexpensive and widely used imaging modality for the diagnosis and staging of a number of diseases. In the past two decades, it has benefited from major advances in technology and has become an indispensable imaging modality, due to its flexibility and non-invasive character. In the last decade, research investigators and commercial companies have further advanced ultrasound imaging with the development of 3D ultrasound. This new imaging approach is rapidly achieving widespread use with numerous applications. The major reason for the increase in the use of 3D ultrasound is related to the limitations of 2D viewing of 3D anatomy, using conventional ultrasound. This occurs because: (a) Conventional ultrasound images are 2D, yet the anatomy is 3D, hence the diagnostician must integrate multiple images in his mind. This practice is inefficient, and may lead to variability and incorrect diagnoses. (b) The 2D ultrasound image represents a thin plane at some arbitrary angle in the body. It is difficult to localize the image plane and reproduce it at a later time for follow-up studies. In this review article we describe how 3D ultrasound imaging overcomes these limitations. Specifically, we describe the developments of a number of 3D ultrasound imaging systems using mechanical, free-hand and 2D array scanning techniques. Reconstruction and viewing methods of the 3D images are described with specific examples. Since 3D ultrasound is used to quantify the volume of organs and pathology, the sources of errors in the reconstruction techniques as well as formulae relating design specification to geometric errors are provided. Finally, methods to measure organ volume from the 3D ultrasound images and sources of errors are described.
Educating Engineers: Information Vulnerabilities and Security (2000)

Civil engineers are increasingly adopting computer and communications systems to conduct business. Engineering relies on computer-aided design, simulation, project management software, electronic funds transfers, automated control processes, satellite communications, geographic information systems, electronic mail, and digital records. The transformation of engineering by information technology holds out much promise in revolutionizing the way engineers do business. However, the technological progress also introduces vulnerabilities that threaten engineering enterprises. Aside from the touted Y2K threats, competitors, criminals, and disgruntled employees threaten our computerized information systems. This paper examines the role of civil engineers in this contemporary information age by identifying trends in the use of computer and communications systems, examining vulnerabilities of these systems, and providing insights for protection. To be truly effective, information defense must begin at the root level—in each engineering organization.
Steroids and Vasopressin in Septic Shock—Brother and Sister or Just Distant Cousins?* (2014)

International audience
Self-adjusting dynamic binary phase holograms (1997)

An optical system constructed around a dynamic diffractive optic element, a ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulator in binary phase-only modulation mode, is investigated. The spatial light modulator is successively adjusted according to the direct binary search technique to diffract an incoming laser light beam into a predecided intensity distribution by use of feed back from the diffracted light. It was found that the feedback signal was noisy and that vibrations and limited bistability in the spatial light modulator's pixels were the main noise sources. The final diffraction efficiency depends on the degree of noise in the feedback signal, but even under fairly noisy conditions the iterations were found to converge properly.
Dynamics of two-photon absorption by molecules and solutions (2002)

A dynamic density-matrix based theory of two-photon absorption (TPA) of molecules and solutions is presented. The theory highlights the influence of pulse duration, dephasing, and resonant conditions on the final TPA cross section as well as that of saturation, including a hierarchy of saturation intensities. A breakdown of the conventional identification of TPA with coherent one-step TPA is predicted for the long-pulse regime in which incoherent two-step TPA can even dominate the coherent one-step TPA process. The major role of the solvent is to enhance the off-resonant contributions to TPA furnished by collisional dephasing.
SARS-CoV-2 infection: NLRP3 inflammasome as plausible target to prevent cardiopulmonary complications? (2020)

NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome has recently become an intriguing target of several chronic and viral diseases. Here, we argue that targeting NLRP3 inflammasome could be a strategy to prevent cardiovascular outcomes [fulminant myocarditis, heart failure, venous thromboembolism (VTE)] and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss the rationale for NLRP3 targeting in clinical trials as an effective therapeutic strategy aimed to improve prognosis of COVID-19, analyzing the potential of two therapeutic options (tranilast and OLT1177) currently available in clinical practice.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct N‐Arylation of Amides: An Improvement of the Goldberg‐Reaction. (1986)

Abstract Die N‐Arylierung von Amiden (Goldberg‐Reaktion) kann durch Verwendung von Kupfer auf Kieselgel und Kaliumacetat als Base verbessert werden.
Synthesis of 3′,5′-Dithymidylyl-α-hydroxyphosphonate Dimer Building Blocks for Oligonucleotide Synthesis—A New Pro-oliguncleotide (1997)

Abstract The synthesis of the dimer building blocks 1 and 2 and their introduction into (T)15-oligonucleotides is described. The stability against 3′-exonuclease digestion (SVP) as well as the hybridization properties (Tm values) were examined.