gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Verifying Robust Time-Optimal Commands for Multimode Flexible Spacecraft (1997)

2Horowitz, I., “ImprovedDesign TechniqueforUncertainMultiple-Input, Multiple-OutputFeedback Systems,” International Journal of Control, Vol. 36, No. 6, 1982, pp. 977–988. 3Henderson, D. K., “Multi-Input, Multi-Output Flight Control Design Using Pseudo-Control, Software Rate Limiters, and Quantitative Feedback Theory,” Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, CA, 1996.
d-q-DC reference frame control strategy for single-phase current source cascaded inverters (2014)

Power quality and reliability are inherent characteristics of the cascaded multilevel converters. However, in some converters, efforts should be made to ensure the durability and reliability of the equipment. This is the case of the single-phase current source cascaded inverter (SPCS-CI) in which, due to possible differences in the DC input current to each inverter of the system, it will be necessary to limit each output voltage of each unit. This can be done through a linear control strategy. In this work, the model and the mathematics of the problems caused by unbalanced DC currents in the described cascaded system are presented. Furthermore, a control scheme based on d-q reference frame components is proposed. Along with this, a control for the DC component voltages in the individual outputs of each inverter is added, which cannot be compensated completely by the d-q scheme. The proposed control strategy is a linear scheme with an updatable decoupler that allows to control d-q and DC voltages in a set of single-phase current source inverters disposed in a cascaded arrangement. Simulated results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Characterisation of gastrin receptors on a rat pancreatic acinar cell line (AR42J). A possible model for studying gastrin mediated cell growth and proliferation. (1987)

Trophic changes of the exocrine pancreas after in vivo gastrin (G)/CCK treatment are well documented but up to now the study of the mechanisms involved is restricted by the lack of a suitable in vitro model. Nevertheless the in vivo trophic effect induced by gastrin/CCK peptides has been associated with an increase of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. In the present work, using the AR42J cell line in which CCK receptors and stimulation of amylase release by CCK peptides has already been demonstrated, we investigated the presence of gastrin binding sites and the possible modulation of proliferation by an inhibitor of ODC activity. 125I-BH-G17ns binding is saturable, reversible and specific. Potencies of the different analogues tested are G17ns greater than CCK8 greater than CCK8ns greater than or equal to G6s greater than G/CCK4. Furthermore dBt cGMP, a non-peptide antagonist for CCK receptors, does not compete for gastrin binding. This indicates the existence of a subclass of gastrin binding sites. Difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO) (1 mM), an irreversible inhibitor of ODC, inhibits cell growth from day 3 up to day 7. This growth inhibition is dose dependent and closely related to an intracellular polyamine modulation. Putrescine and spermidine levels fell under detectable values while spermine levels increased. All these data suggest that this cell line could be a useful in vitro model to study the mechanisms of gastrin induced growth control.
Evidence that a prominent cavity in the coiled coil of HIV type 1 gp41 is an attractive drug target (1998)

Synthetic C peptides, corresponding to the C helix of the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 envelope protein, are potent inhibitors of HIV-1 membrane fusion. One such peptide is in clinical trials. The crystal structure of the gp41 core, in its proposed fusion-active conformation, is a trimer of helical hairpins in which three C helices pack against a central coiled coil. Each C helix shows especially prominent contacts with one of three symmetry-related, hydrophobic cavities on the surface of the coiled coil. We show that the inhibitory activity of the C peptide C34 depends on its ability to bind to this coiled-coil cavity. Moreover, examining a series of C34 peptide variants with modified cavity-binding residues, we find a linear relationship between the logarithm of the inhibitory potency and the stability of the corresponding helical-hairpin complexes. Our results provide strong evidence that this coiled-coil cavity is a good drug target and clarify the mechanism of C peptide inhibition. They also suggest simple, quantitative assays for the identification and evaluation of analogous inhibitors of HIV-1 entry.
Morphology Control in Block Copolymer Films Using Mixed Solvent Vapors (2012)

Solvent vapor annealing of block copolymer thin films can produce a range of morphologies different from the equilibrium bulk morphology. By systematically varying the flow rate of two different solvent vapors (toluene and n-heptane) and an inert gas, phase maps showing the morphology versus vapor pressure of the solvents were constructed for 45 kg/mol polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane diblock copolymer films of different thicknesses. The final morphology was correlated with the swelling of the block copolymer and homopolymer films and the solvent vapor annealing conditions. Self-consistent field theory is used to model the effects of solvent swelling. These results provide a framework for predicting the range of morphologies available under different solvent vapor conditions, which is important in lithographic applications where precise control of morphology and critical dimensions are essential.
Multitasking workload scheduling on flexible core chip multiprocessors (2008)

While technology trends have ushered in the age of chip multiprocessors (CMP) and enabled designers to place an increasing number of cores on chip, a fundamental question is what size to make each core. Most current commercial designs are symmetric CMPs in which each core is identical and range from a relatively simple RISC pipeline to a large and complicated out-of-order x86 core. When the granularity of parallelism in the tasks matches the granularity of the processing cores, a CMP will be at its most efficient. To adjust the granularity of a core to the tasks running on it, recent research has proposed flexible-core chip multiprocessors, which typically consist of a number of small processing cores that can be aggregated to form larger logical processors. These architectures introduce a new resource allocation and scheduling problem which must determine how many logical processors should be configured, how powerful each processor should be, and where/when each task should run. This paper introduces and motivates this new scheduling problem, describes the challenges associated with it, and examines and evaluates several algorithms (amenable to implementation in an operating system) appropriate for such flexible-core CMPs. We also describe how scheduling for flexible-core architectures differs from scheduling for fixed multicore architectures, and compare the performance of flexible-core CMPs to both symmetric and asymmetric fixed-core CMPs.
Optimal capacitor placement on radial distribution systems (1989)

The problem of capacitor placement on a radial distribution system is formulated and a solution algorithm is proposed. The location, type, and size of capacitors, voltage constraints, and load variations are considered. The objective of capacitor placement is peak power and energy loss reduction, taking into account the cost of the capacitors. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem. The power flows in the system are explicitly represented, and the voltage constraints are incorporated. A solution method has been implemented that decomposes the problem into a master problem and a slave problem. The master problem is used to determine the location of the capacitors. The slave problem is used by the master problem to determine the type and size of the capacitors placed on the system. In solving the slave problem, and efficient phase I-phase II algorithm is used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mobile Phone Radiation Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Production and DNA Damage in Human Spermatozoa In Vitro (2009)

RF-EMR in both the power density and frequency range of mobile phones enhances mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation by human spermatozoa, decreasing the motility and vitality of these cells while stimulating DNA base adduct formation and, ultimately DNA fragmentation. These findings have clear implications for the safety of extensive mobile phone use by males of reproductive age, potentially affecting both their fertility and the health and wellbeing of their offspring.
Stepwise telecommunication software generation from service specifications in state transition model (2002)

A method of stepwise telecommunication software generation through terminal behavior observation is proposed to implement telecommunication services on any architecture. In the proposed method, a two-layered language is used; the STR service specification language and the STR/D supplementary specification language. STR specifies the terminal behavior which can be recognized from outside the telecommunication system. Supplementary specifications are described using STR/D to implement the STR rules. Telecommunication services, such as UPT (Universal Personal Telecommunication), are standardized for provision on a given functional model consisting of functional entities. Software for each functional entity is semiautomatically obtained from the two described specifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
IFN-gamma receptor-deficient mice generate antiviral Th1-characteristic cytokine profiles but altered antibody responses. (1994)

The lymphokine IFN-gamma is a pleiotropic immunomodulator and possesses intrinsic antiviral activity. We studied its significance in the development of antiviral immune responses by using IFN-gamma receptor-deficient (IFN-gamma R-/-) mice. After inoculation with live attenuated pseudorabies virus (PRV), the mutant mice showed no infectivity titers in various tissues, and transient viral Ag expression only in the spleen, similar as in wild-type mice. However, the absence of the IFN-gamma R resulted in increased proliferative splenocyte responses. The PRV-immune animals showed a normal IFN-gamma and IL-2 production, without detectable IL-4, and with decreased IL-10 secretion in response to viral Ag or Con A. Immunohistochemically, an increased ratio of IFN-gamma:IL-4-producing spleen cells was found. After immunization with either live attenuated or inactivated PRV, IFN-gamma R-/- mice produced significantly less antiviral Ab, and more succumbed to challenge infection than the intact control animals. The reduction in Ab titers in the mutant mice correlated with lower protection by their sera in transfer experiments. Our data demonstrate that ablation of the IFN-gamma receptor surprisingly does not inhibit the generation of antiviral Th1-type and increase Th2-type cytokine responses. However, it profoundly impairs the generation of protective antiviral Ab.
Structure and Function Analysis of Peptide Antagonists of Melanoma Inhibitor of Apoptosis (ML-IAP) (2003)

Melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis (ML-IAP) is a potent anti-apoptotic protein that is upregulated in a number of melanoma cell lines but not expressed in most normal adult tissues. Overexpression of IAP proteins, such as ML-IAP or the ubiquitously expressed X-chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP), in human cancers has been shown to suppress apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli. Peptides based on the processed N-terminus of Smac/DIABLO can negate the ability of overexpressed ML-IAP or XIAP to suppress drug-induced apoptosis. Such peptides have been demonstrated to bind to the single baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) of ML-IAP and the third BIR of XIAP with similar high affinities (approximately 0.5 microM). Herein, we use phage-display of naïve peptide libraries and synthetic peptides to investigate the peptide-binding properties of ML-IAP-BIR and XIAP-BIR3. X-ray crystal structures of ML-IAP-BIR in complex with Smac- and phage-derived peptides, together with peptide structure-activity-relationship data, indicate that the peptides can be modified to provide increased binding affinity and selectivity for ML-IAP-BIR relative to XIAP-BIR3. For instance, substitution of Pro3' in the Smac-based peptide (AVPIAQKSE) with (2S,3S)-3-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid [(3S)-methyl-proline] results in a peptide with 7-fold greater affinity for ML-IAP-BIR and about 100-fold specificity for ML-IAP-BIR relative to XIAP-BIR3.
Ratios of Radical to Conservative Amino Acid Replacement are Affected by Mutational and Compositional Factors and May Not Be Indicative of Positive Darwinian Selection (2002)

The ratio of radical to conservative amino acid replacements is frequently used to infer positive Darwinian selection. This method is based on the assumption that radical replacements are more likely than conservative replacements to improve the function of a protein. Therefore, if positive selection plays a major role in the evolution of a protein, one would expect the radical-conservative ratio to exceed the expectation under neutrality. Here, we investigate the possibility that factors unrelated to selection, i.e., transition-transversion ratio, codon usage, genetic code, and amino acid composition, influence the radical-conservative replacement ratio. All factors that have been studied were found to affect the radical-conservative replacement ratio. In particular, amino acid composition and transition-transversion ratio are shown to have the most profound effects. Because none of the studied factors had anything to do with selection (positive or otherwise) and also because all of them (singly or in combination) affected a measure that was supposed to be indicative of positive selection, we conclude that selectional inferences based on radical-conservative replacement ratios should be treated with suspicion.
The fate and function of glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide (2003)

In higher eukaryotes, glucosylceramide is the simplest member and precursor of a fascinating class of membrane lipids, the glycosphingolipids. These lipids display an astounding variation in their carbohydrate head groups, suggesting that glycosphingolipids serve specialized functions in recognition processes. It is now realized that they are organized in signalling domains on the cell surface. They are of vital importance as, in their absence, embryonal development is inhibited at an early stage. Remarkably, individual cells can live without glycolipids, perhaps because their survival does not depend on glycosphingolipid–mediated signalling mechanisms. Still, these cells suffer from defects in intracellular membrane transport. Various membrane proteins do not reach their intracellular destination, and, indeed, some intracellular organelles do not properly differentiate to their mature stage. The fact that glycosphingolipids are required for cellular differentiation suggests that there are human diseases resulting from defects in glycosphingolipid synthesis. In addition, the same cellular differentiation processes may be affected by defects in the degradation of glycosphingolipids. At the cellular level, the pathology of glycosphingolipid storage diseases is not completely understood. Cell biological studies on the intracellular fate and function of glycosphingolipids may open new ways to understand and defeat not only lipid storage diseases, but perhaps other diseases that have not been connected to glycosphingolipids so far.
Coset codes. I. Introduction and geometrical classification (1988)

Practically all known good constructive coding techniques for bandlimited channels, including lattice codes and various trellis-coded modulation schemes, can be characterized as coset codes. A coset code is defined by a lattice partition Lambda / Lambda ' and by a binary encoder C that selects a sequence of cosets of the lattice Lambda '. The fundamental coding gain of a coset code, as well as other important parameters such as the error coefficient, the decoding complexity, and the constellation expansion factor, are purely geometric parameters determined by C Lambda / Lambda '. The known types of coset codes, as well as a number of new classes that systematize and generalize known codes, are classified and compared in terms of these parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-10 Gene Expression in Synovial Tissues from Patients with Early Stages ofChlamydia-Associated Arthritis and Undifferentiated Oligoarthritis and from Healthy Volunteers (1999)

Genetically determined differences in interleukin-10 (IL-10) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) responses in mice correlate with clearance of Chlamydia pneumonitis infection. We measured the synovial expression of IL-10 and IFN-gamma and additional cytokine genes in patients who had recent-onset Chlamydia-associated arthritis (Chl-AA). IL-10 and IFN-gamma mRNA were relatively abundant in recent-onset Chl-AA.
Platelet Function Inhibitors (1983)

Keywords Platelet aggregation - Platelet inhibitors - Arachidonic acid - Cyclic AMP - Thromboxane synthetase
Point design targets, specifications, and requirements for the 2010 ignition campaign on the National Ignition Facility (2011)

Point design targets have been specified for the initial ignition campaign on the National Ignition Facility [G. H. Miller, E. I. Moses, and C. R. Wuest, Opt. Eng. 443, 2841 (2004)]. The targets contain D-T fusion fuel in an ablator of either CH with Ge doping, or Be with Cu. These shells are imploded in a U or Au hohlraum with a peak radiation temperature set between 270 and 300 eV. Considerations determining the point design include laser-plasma interactions, hydrodynamic instabilities, laser operations, and target fabrication. Simulations were used to evaluate choices, and to define requirements and specifications. Simulation techniques and their experimental validation are summarized. Simulations were used to estimate the sensitivity of target performance to uncertainties and variations in experimental conditions. A formalism is described that evaluates margin for ignition, summarized in a parameter the Ignition Threshold Factor (ITF). Uncertainty and shot-to-shot variability in ITF are evaluated, and sensitivity of the margin to characteristics of the experiment. The formalism is used to estimate probability of ignition. The ignition experiment will be preceded with an experimental campaign that determines features of the design that cannot be defined with simulations alone. The requirements for this campaign are summarized. Requirements are summarized for the laser and target fabrication.
A Universal Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Producing Bystander Cell Line for Use in the Formulation of Autologous Tumor Cell-Based Vaccines (1999)

Irradiated tumor cells transduced with the gene encoding the cytokine GM-CSF have been extensively studied as a vaccine formulation capable of priming systemic antitumor immune responses in the tumor-bearing host. In spite of the therapeutic promise of this vaccine strategy demonstrated in both animal models and early-phase clinical trials, clinical development has been limited by difficulties pertaining to the need to establish in culture the tumor of each patient and to perform individualized gene transfer. To circumvent these issues, we generated an HLA-negative human cell line producing large quantities of human GM-CSF for use as a universal bystander cell to be mixed with unmodified autologous tumor cells in the formulation of a vaccine. This line is easily propagated as a suspension culture in defined, serum-free medium. In a mouse model, we find that vaccination with a mixture of autologous tumor cells and an MHC-negative allogeneic GM-CSF-producing bystander cell primes antitumor immune responses that are equivalent or better than those achieved using autologous tumor cells directly transduced to secrete GM-CSF. This strategy greatly simplifies further clinical development of autologous tumor cell-based vaccines.
Response to Teriparatide in Patients with Baseline 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Insufficiency or Sufficiency (2007)

In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and normal intact PTH, the responses to TPTD did not differ significantly in women with baseline 25OHD insufficiency or sufficiency.
The p110α isoform of PI3K is essential for proper growth factor signaling and oncogenic transformation (2006)

Growth factor signaling is mediated through Class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Among this class of enzymes, only p110alpha, encoded by the PIK3CA gene, has been found to be mutant in human cancers. To determine the specific functions of p110alpha, we generated mice carrying a conditionally targeted allele of the PIK3CA gene. Here, we report that PIK3CA-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts are deficient in cellular signaling in response to various growth factors, unable to differentiate into adipocytes, and resistant to oncogenic transformation induced by a variety of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases, indicating a fundamental role for p110alpha in these biological processes.
Analysis of mutations at position 184 in reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1995)

We have analyzed recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptases that contain mutations at position 184. These variants retain high levels of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity and show resistance to ddITP. However, the mutants varied in their ability to polymerize processively. The variants Met184Ile and Met184Val showed slight reductions in processivity relative to that of the wild-type enzyme; the variants Met184Ala and Met184Leu showed considerable reductions in their processivity.
High bandwidth evaluation of elementary functions (1981)

Among the requirements currently being imposed on high-performance digital computers to an increasing extent are the high-bandwidth computations of elementary functions, which are relatively time-consuming procedures when conducted in software. In this paper, we elaborate on a technique for computing piecewise quadratric approximations to many elementary functions. This method permits the effective use of large RAMs or ROMs and parallel multipliers for rapidly generating single-precision floating-point function values (e.g., 30–45 bits of fraction, with current RAM and ROM technology). The technique, based on the use of Taylor series, may be readily pipelined. Its use for calculating values for floating-point reciprocal, square root, sine, cosine, arctangent, logarithm, exponential and error functions is discussed.