gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Screening for depression and anxiety in patients with storage or voiding dysfunction: A retrospective cohort study predicting outcome of sacral neuromodulation (2015)

The present study did not reveal a significant relationship between an abnormal HADS score and failure of the SNM test period in a mixed group of OAB and NOR patients. However, differences between OAB and NOR patients concerning affective symptoms were present. It is known that psychological factors play a role in the severity of LUTS, but they may not predict SNM outcome. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:1011-1016, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gyrase inhibitors induce an oxidative damage cellular death pathway in Escherichia coli (2007)

Modulation of bacterial chromosomal supercoiling is a function of DNA gyrase-catalyzed strand breakage and rejoining. This reaction is exploited by both antibiotic and proteic gyrase inhibitors, which trap the gyrase molecule at the DNA cleavage stage. Owing to this interaction, double-stranded DNA breaks are introduced and replication machinery is arrested at blocked replication forks. This immediately results in bacteriostasis and ultimately induces cell death. Here we demonstrate, through a series of phenotypic and gene expression analyses, that superoxide and hydroxyl radical oxidative species are generated following gyrase poisoning and play an important role in cell killing by gyrase inhibitors. We show that superoxide-mediated oxidation of iron-sulfur clusters promotes a breakdown of iron regulatory dynamics; in turn, iron misregulation drives the generation of highly destructive hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction. Importantly, our data reveal that blockage of hydroxyl radical formation increases the survival of gyrase-poisoned cells. Together, this series of biochemical reactions appears to compose a maladaptive response, that serves to amplify the primary effect of gyrase inhibition by oxidatively damaging DNA, proteins and lipids.
[Pleural empyema--rational diagnosis and therapy]. (1991)

A pyothorax is a relatively rare occurrence in a general hospital and is posing a number of problems. Among these the long mean duration of hospitalisation is of note lasting 47 days for 24 patients at our clinic. The course and the mortality rate are influenced by early detection and judicious use of interdisciplinary treatment. Small effusions accompanying pneumonia are frequent and likely to disappear after treatment of the underlying disease. In these instances a precipitate punction may lead to secondary infection. In case of a sterile punctate the pH value and consideration of glucose and LDH values determine further measures. Computed tomography is of great value since it yields decisive information not available from conventional radiography. If the empyema is not segregated in compartments a closed drainage with a large caliber chest-tube ist the method of choice. Limited thoracotomy is advised when several empyema chambers develop after short duration of the illness. Persistent disease or widespread scarring necessitate decortication in most cases.
Increases in CSF [Na+] precede the increases in blood pressure in Dahl S rats and SHR on a high-salt diet (2004)

In Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and salt-resistant (R) rats, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, at 5-6 wk of age, a cannula was placed in the cisterna magna, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was withdrawn continuously at 75 microl/12 h. CSF was collected as day- and nighttime samples from rats on a regular salt intake (0.6% Na+; R-Na) and then on a high salt intake (8% Na+; H-Na). In separate groups of rats, the abdominal aorta was cannulated and blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) measured at 10 AM and 10 PM, with rats first on R-Na and then on H-Na. On H-Na, CSF [Na+] started to increase in the daytime of day 2 in Dahl S rats and of day 3 in SHR. BP and HR did not rise until day 3 in Dahl S rats and day 4 in SHR. In Dahl R and WKY rats, high salt did not change CSF [Na+], BP, or HR. In a third set of Dahl S rats, sampling of both CSF and BP was performed in each individual rat. Again, significant increases in CSF [Na+] were observed 1-2 days earlier than the increases in BP and HR. In a fourth set of Dahl S rats, BP and HR were recorded continuously by means of radiotelemetry for 5 days on R-Na and 8 days on H-Na. On H-Na, BP (but not HR) increased first in the nighttime of day 2. In another set of Dahl S rats, intracerebroventricular infusion of antibody Fab fragments binding ouabain-like compounds (OLC) with high affinity prevented the increase in BP and HR by H-Na but further increased CSF [Na+]. Finally, in Wistar rats on H-Na, intracerebroventricular infusion of ouabain increased BP and HR but decreased CSF [Na+]. Thus, in both Dahl S and SHR on H-Na, increases in CSF [Na+] preceded the increases in BP and HR, consistent with a primary role of increased CSF [Na+] in the salt-induced hypertension. An increase in brain OLC in response to the initial increase in CSF [Na+] appears to attenuate further increases in CSF [Na+] but at the "expense" of sympathoexcitation and hypertension.
Comparative Uterotrophic Effects of Endoxifen and Tamoxifen in Ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley Rats (2014)

Endoxifen (4-hydroxy-N-desmethyl-tamoxifen), one of the major active metabolites of tamoxifen, has substantially greater estrogen antagonist properties and antiproliferative effects in breast tumor cells than tamoxifen, a mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist. An associated risk of endometrial cancer and hyperplasia has been linked to the estrogen agonist properties of tamoxifen. We evaluated endoxifen using a classic uterotrophic effects method. Rats were given endoxifen or tamoxifen orally for 3 days. Estradiol was the positive control. Endoxifen and tamoxifen plasma levels exceeded those previously observed clinically. Uterine weight was 3-fold higher in the estradiol group than in the tamoxifen or endoxifen groups, which did not differ from vehicle controls. Tamoxifen and endoxifen caused a greater increase in luminal epithelial cell height than estradiol. Both tamoxifen and endoxifen produced an increase in the stromal BrdU labeling index (LI) that was ≤ estradiol and inversely related to dose, but did not affect luminal epithelial cell BrdU LI. As expected, estradiol increased luminal epithelial cell proliferation. These results indicate that endoxifen induces uterotrophic effects, but is less potent than estradiol in eliciting these effects. Given prior preclinical observations that endoxifen has superior antitumor activity than tamoxifen, the observations of similar uterine effects suggest that the endoxifen risk/benefit ratio may be superior to tamoxifen.
Depth-scanning fringe projection technique (DSFP) with 3D calibration (2003)

We report on the depth-scanning fringe projection technique (DSFP) which is an innovative triangulation method for absolute 3-D profiling of macroscopic scenes. This measurement principle combines the confocal principle with the fringe projection and phase evaluation techniques known from white light interferometry. Scanning of the focal plane and additional lateral shifting allow the phase to be determined for any desired depth range of the measurement volume. Hence, the limitations of the depth of sharpness occurring with projected light techniques can be overcome. A 3-D calibration method has been implemented in order to deal with the problem of geometrical aberrations and to provide a 3-D point cloud. The well-known direct calibration method has been adapted to our DSFP setup. It has been completed to a set of three polynomial transformations which allow to include the depth-scanning principle in the calibration of the system.
Development of a modern OPAC (1993)

Since 1986 we have investigated the problems and possibilities of applying modern information retrieval methods to large online public access library catalogs (OPACs). In the Retrieval Experiment—Virginia Tech OnLine Catalog (REVTOLC) study we carried out a large pilot test in 1987 and a larger, controlled investigation in 1990, with 216 users and roughly 500,000 MARC records. Results indicated that a forms-based interface coupled with vector and relevance feedback retrieval methods would be well received. Recent efforts developing the Multiple Access and Retrieval of Information with Annotations (MARIAN) system have involved used of a specially developed object-oriented DBMS, construction of a client running under NeXTSTEP, programming of a distributed server with a thread assigned to each user session to increase concurrency on a small network of NeXTs, refinement of algorithms to use objects and stopping rules for greater efficiency, usability testing and iterative interface refinement.
Low molecular weight heparin, heparin, and warfarin (1995)

Low molecular weight heparin is effective for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Low molecular weight heparin has the practical advantage that it does not require anticoagulant monitoring and dose adjustment. The simplified therapy provided by low molecular weight heparin may allow many patients with venous thromboembolism to be cared for in an outpatient setting, with the potential for major savings in health care costs. In the setting of preventing venous thromboembolism after hip or knee replacement surgery, further cost-effectiveness studies are required to determine the ultimate clinical role of low molecular weight heparin. Extensive data document a consistent high rate of inadequate therapy when empirical or intuitive approaches are used to administer intravenous unfractionated heparin in patients with venous thromboembolism or cardiovascular disease. A validated protocol should be used for intravenous heparin treatment. The evidence is accumulating that warfarin is more effective than aspirin for preventing thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation.
An all-printed passive component technology for low-cost RFID (2004)

In this paper, we demonstrate an all-printed passive component technology on plastic, including inductors, capacitors, and multilevel interconnects. This represents an important step towards the development of ultra-low-cost RFID on plastic.
Software support for interactive multimedia performance (1993)

Abstract A set of techniques have been developed and refined to support the demanding software requirements of combined interactive computer music and computer animation. The techniques include a new programming environment that supports an integration of procedural and declarative score‐like descriptions of interactive real‐time behavior. Also discussed are issues of asynchronous input, concurrency, memory management, scheduling, and testing. Two examples are described.
Alterations in Endogenous Nitric Oxide Production After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Lambs With Normal and Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow (2000)

Background —After cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), altered vascular reactivity is a major source of complications, particularly for children with increased pulmonary blood flow. Although changes in agonist-induced NO activity are well described after CPB, potential changes in basal NO production and their role in post-CPB pulmonary hypertension remain unclear. By using aortopulmonary vascular graft placement in the fetal lamb (shunt lambs), we established a unique model of pulmonary hypertension that mimics congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow. The objective of the present study was to investigate potential alterations in endogenous NO production after CPB in lambs with normal and increased pulmonary blood flow. Methods and Results —Vascular pressures and blood flows were monitored in 1-month-old lambs (n=7) with increased pulmonary blood flow and 6 age-matched control lambs. After shunt closure, hypothermic CPB (25°C) was performed for 2 hours. The hemodynamic variables were monitored for 4 hours after CPB. Before, during, and after CPB, peripheral lung biopsies were performed to determine tissue NO, nitrite, nitrate, and cGMP concentrations; total NO synthase (NOS) activity; and endothelial NOS protein levels. Hypothermic CPB increased both mean pulmonary arterial pressure and left pulmonary vascular resistance ( P &lt;0.05). The increase in pulmonary arterial pressure induced in shunt lambs was greater than that induced in control lambs ( P &lt;0.05). Four hours after CPB, tissue concentrations of NO, nitrite, nitrate, and cGMP were decreased to ≈70% of pre-CPB levels in both control and shunt lambs ( P &lt;0.05). Total NOS activity and endothelial NOS protein levels were unchanged. Conclusions —Modest decreases in basal NO production, the inability to increase NO production, or both may play a role in the altered pulmonary vascular reactivity after CPB. The decrease in NO is independent of gene expression. However, other mechanisms for this decrease, such as substrate or cofactor availability, warrant further study.
Inhibition of in Vitro Lymphokine Synthesis by Glucocorticosteroids (1975)

At pharmacological levels, glucocorticosteroids inhibited two antigen-induced lymphocyte functions, in vitro proliferation and lymphokine synthesis. Lymphocyte production of both macrophage chemotactic factor (CTX) and macrophage inhibition factor (MIF) were decreased in the presence of hydrocortisone. The corticosteroid also blocked the action of MIF on macrophages but did not interfere with the action of CTX on macrophages. Thus, steroids can suppress the immune response at two different stages: by blocking lymphocyte activation and mediator synthesis and also by interfering with the interaction of certain effector molecules with their target cells. Furthermore, these findings suggested that MIF and CTX have distinct mechanisms of action on the effector macrophages, one being sensitive and one resistant to steroids.
Chromatin Interaction Analysis Using Paired‐End Tag Sequencing (2010)

Chromatin Interaction Analysis using Paired-End Tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) is a technique developed for large-scale, de novo analysis of higher-order chromatin structures. Cells are treated with formaldehyde to cross-link chromatin interactions, DNA segments bound by protein factors are enriched by chromatin immunoprecipitation, and interacting DNA fragments are then captured by proximity ligation. The Paired-End Tag (PET) strategy is applied to the construction of ChIA-PET libraries, which are sequenced by high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies. Finally, raw PET sequences are subjected to bioinformatics analysis, resulting in a genome-wide map of binding sites and chromatin interactions mediated by the protein factor under study. This unit describes ChIA-PET for genome-wide analysis of chromatin interactions in mammalian cells, with the application of Roche/454 and Illumina sequencing technologies.
Spectrin beta Tandil, a novel shortened beta-chain variant associated with hereditary elliptocytosis is due to a deletional frameshift mutation in the beta-spectrin gene (1992)

An Argentinian family with hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) associated with a shortened beta-spectrin (Sp) chain was studied. As with most of the other shortened Sp beta-chains that have been described, this variant, called SpTandil, has impaired ability to participate in Sp dimer self-association, has lost its ability to become phosphorylated, and is associated with the presence of increased amounts of the alpha I 74-Kd fragment after partial tryptic digestion of Sp. The 3′ ends of the beta-Sp gene of affected patients were analyzed. cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription of peripheral blood mRNA and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers corresponding to sequences 400 bp apart on the cDNA, spanning the last three exons (X, Y, Z) of the beta-Sp gene. Agarose gel electrophoresis of the cDNA amplification showed the presence of one band, the size of which was apparently the same as the band amplified from mRNA of a normal control. cDNA from one HE patient was subcloned and sequenced. Several clones showed the presence of a 7-bp deletion at codon 2041 in exon X. Genomic DNA of all the affected members of the family were amplified by PCR using primers flanking the deletion and corresponding to sequences 128 bp apart on exon X. Analysis of the PCR products using electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel showed the presence of 121- and 128-bp bands in all HE subjects, and an additional doublet migrating more slowly than the two bands, which corresponded to the presence of heteroduplexes. The mutation results in a shift of the normal reading frame and leads to a new amino acid sequence at the C-terminus of the mutant beta-Sp chain. A new in-frame stop codon is encountered downstream, leading to premature chain termination. The identification of the molecular defect in Sp beta Tandil provides information regarding the region of the beta-Sp chain that is important for both Sp dimer self-association and an indication of potential sites of phosphorylation of the chain.
A Simple Way to Chemically React Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Organic Materials Using Ultrasonication (2001)

Ultrasonication of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a monochlorobenzene (MCB) solution of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) enabled us to react SWNTs with MCB or PMMA chemically. After the SWNTs reacted with these organic materials, they turned into ragged SWNTs (r-SWNTs) with many defects in the sidewall when burned in oxygen. We think that the sonochemical reaction of SWNTs and organic materials is a simple method to functionalize SWNTs.
Highly Selective and Orally Active Inhibitors of Type IV Collagenase (MMP-9 and MMP-2):  N-Sulfonylamino Acid Derivatives (1998)

Various N-sulfonylamino acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo activities to inhibit type IV collagenase (MMP-9 and MMP-2). When the amino acid residue and the sulfonamide moiety were modified, their inhibitory activities were greatly affected by the structure of the sulfonamide moiety. A series of aryl sulfonamide derivatives containing biaryl, tetrazole, amide, and triple bond were found to be potent and highly selective inhibitors of MMP-9 and MMP-2. In addition, these compounds were orally active in animal models of tumor growth and metastasis. These results revealed the potential of the N-sulfonylamino acid derivatives as a new type of candidate drug for the treatment of cancer.
Effects of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on demineralized bone‐induced bone formation (1992)

The inhibitory effect of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on bone resorption is well documented. To explore the effect of NSAIDs on bone formation, we investigated the time course and dose/response characteristics of treatment with various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on ectopic bone formation induced by demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in the rat model. Using biochemical assays, both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on bone formation were found in rats treated with NSAIDs prior to DBM implantation depending on the type and amount of drug administered. There appears to be an enhancement of bone formation for acetaminophen (50 mg/kg), acetylsalicylic acid (50 mg/kg), and ibuprofen (50 mg/kg). Indomethacin (4 mg/kg) and piroxicam (4 mg/kg) had inhibitory effects. Flurbiprofen, on the other hand, did not appear to affect bone formation significantly. In contrast, there was no effect of NSAIDs on bone formation in rats treated with the drugs after implantation of the DBM. It appears that the time course of the drug administration is critical, suggesting that early events in bone formation may be modulated by arachidonic acid metabolites.
Chilling Port Wine Stains Improves the Response to Argon Laser Therapy (1982)

Twenty-three patients with facial port wine stains were studied to determine whether chilling lesional skin at the time of treatment could improve the outcome of argon laser therapy and whether this effect could be attributed to increased hemoglobin content of chilled sites, as hypothesized on clinical grounds. Each patient was biopsied in two representative and clinically identical sites, once at room temperature and once immediately after application of ice to the skin surface for 2 to 3 minutes. Two additional identical sites were treated with an argon laser in the same manner. Histologic sections of the port wine stain after application of ice tended to have a higher percentage of erythrocyte-filled vessels, but the effect of chilling on the dermal vasculature varied greatly among patients and was not statistically significant. In contrast, chilling of lesional skin prior to laser therapy resulted in a significantly better average outcome (p = 0.0002), with 57 percent of chilled sites superior to the paired room temperature control and none inferior. In nearly all instances of differential response, the site treated at room temperature manifested scarring, while the chilled site did not. Overall, after an average evaluation period of 4.8 months, 65 percent of the patients achieved a good or excellent result in the control site, and 87 percent achieved this result in the chilled site. These data establish the potential benefit of lesional modification prior to argon laser therapy and suggest that in the case of port wine stain chilling, this benefit is due to reduced heat injury of nonvascular elements in the skin.
Fucosylated Glycoproteins as Markers of Liver Disease (2008)

Changes in N-linked glycosylation are known to occur during the development of various diseases. For example, increased branching of oligosaccharides has been associated with cancer metastasis and has been correlated to tumor progression in human cancers of the breast, colon and melanomas. Increases in core fucosylation have also been associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, changes in both the total serum glycome and the glycosylation of specific IgG molecules have been observed in people with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The mechanisms by which changes in glycosylation are observed and their use as biomarkers of disease will be discussed.
Direct and Efficient Optical Coupling Into Plasmonic Integrated Circuits From Optical Fibers (2016)

We demonstrate direct and efficient optical coupling from an optical fiber into plasmonic integrated circuits (PICs) at 1.55-μm wavelength using ultra-compact plasmonic dipole nanoantennas. The PICs consist of slot waveguides with single-chip integrated Yagi-Uda antennas. To improve the optical coupling efficiency from optical fibers, we add 500-nm-thick Su-8 film with a high refractive index as the top cladding. We experimentally achieve 8.6% couple-in efficiency from a high numerical aperture fiber to the plasmonic slot waveguide and 46% total couple-out efficiency from the plasmonic slot waveguide. We also quantitatively characterize the dependence of the couple-in efficiency to the spot size of the incident light.