gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of monocyte activation and expression of proinflammatory cytochemokines by placenta growth factor (2003)

Monocytes from patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are in an activated state. However, the mechanism of activation of monocytes in SCD is not known. Our studies showed that placenta growth factor (PlGF) activated monocytes and increased mRNA levels of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha] and interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta]) and chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1], IL-8, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta [MIP-1beta]) in both normal monocytes and in the THP-1 monocytic cell line. This increase in mRNA expression of cytochemokines was also reflected in monocytes derived from subjects with SCD. We studied the PlGF-mediated downstream cellular signaling events that caused increased transcription of inflammatory cytochemokines and chemotaxis of THP-1 monocytes. PlGF-mediated cytochemokine mRNA and protein expression was inhibited by PD98059 and wortmannin, inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPK/MEK) kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase, respectively, but not by SB203580, a p38 kinase inhibitor. PlGF caused a time-dependent transient increase in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2), which was completely inhibited by wortmannin, indicating that activation of PI3 kinase preceded MEK activation. PlGF also induced transient phosphorylation of AKT. MEK and PI3 kinase inhibitors and antibody to Flt-1 abrogated PlGF-induced chemotaxis of THP-1 monocytes. Overexpression of a dominant-negative AKT or a dominant-negative PI3 kinase p85 subunit in THP-1 monocytes attenuated the PlGF-mediated phosphorylation of ERK-1/2, cytochemokine secretion, and chemotaxis. Taken together, these data show that activation of monocytes by PlGF occurs via activation of Flt-1, which results in activation of PI3 kinase/AKT and ERK-1/2 pathways. Therefore, we propose that increased levels of PlGF in circulation play an important role in the inflammation observed in SCD via its effects on monocytes.
Mitochondrial DNA Alterations in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines (2011)

Somatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been reported in different types of cancers and are suggested to play roles in metastasis, cancer development and response to anticancer agents. To predict potential roles of mtDNA alterations in colorectal cancer, we determined the entire mtDNA sequence of eleven human-derived colorectal cancer cell lines and compared with the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence to identify nucleotide alterations. Four homoplasmic and six heteroplasmic alterations were found to be novel. Among them, homoplasmic G6709A (MT-CO1) and G14804A (MT-CYB) alterations cause amino acid changes in the highly conserved residues. Heteroplasmic G1576A (MT-RNR1) and G2975A (MT-RNR2) alterations are expected to make the stem structure of mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs unstable. These nucleotide alterations are candidates that could play important roles in cancer.
Myocardial electrical impedance mapping of ischemic sheep hearts and healing aneurysms. (1993)

In this animal model, impedance is a bulk electrical property of tissue that varies with the evolution of myocardial infarction. Impedance mapping revealed significantly different values for normal, ischemic, and infarcted tissue and may prove useful in better defining the electrophysiological characteristics of such tissue.
Attenuation of haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with dexmedetomidine: A comparison between intravenous and intranasal route (2019)

Like IV DEX, intranasal DEX can also attenuate the haemodynamic stress responses of laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation without significant differences in MAP between two groups.
The inaugural environment industry dinner (2001)

The Inaugural Environment Industry Dinner, was held at Melbourne Museum, on World Environment Day, 5 June 2001. Members of the Victoria/Tasmania Branch of the Clean Air Society and Victorian members of eight other environmental associations were all invited to this highly successful sell-out event.
Biologic Effects of and Clinical Disorders Caused by Nonprotein Amino Acids (2000)

Despite the fact that nonprotein amino acids are present in many commonly eaten foods, the biologic and clinical significance of this class of molecules has been largely overlooked. This is owing in part to their relatively low concentrations and their negligible nutritive value. Many of these compounds have the ability to interfere with a wide range of fundamental biochemical processes and cause disease. It is likely that the clinical effects of the ingestion of some nonprotein amino acids are yet to be described. Serious disorders in humans have followed the ingestion of these compounds as the result of food faddism, prodded by the commercial promotion of inadequately tested products. In view of the current popularity of herbal remedies and alternative medicine, these facts serve as another reminder to health care providers and the public at large about the need for critical analysis of the alleged benefits and the risks of exotic remedies and nutritional supplements. Beyond the public health issues they raise, non-protein amino acids take on significance because their misincorporation into proteins can trigger vigorous autoimmune attacks. To what extent this mechanism is responsible for highly prevalent diseases of autoimmunity remains to be determined.
Factors Influencing Freezing of Supercooled Water in Tender Plants1 (1970)

Abstract Seedlings of beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ), corn ( Zea mays ), and tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) were grown in the greenhouse and then exposed to controlled freezing conditions in a growth chamber. Variables were adjusted to determine the influence of plant water potential, freezing time, and external dew formation on the seedlings' susceptibility to frost injury. Freezing, detected visually and by release of latent heat, progressed rapidly throughout plants with high water potential and was always lethal. Spreading of the ice phase was impeded in plants with low water potential. In this case, the freezing injury appeared as spots on the leaves which gradually enlarged to encompass the entire leaf as the exposure continued. In general, the plant water supercooled before freezing. Supercooled water within the plant appeared to be internally nucleated if the leaf temperature remained above th atmospheric dewpoint temperature. Under these conditions root temperature, plant water energy, and duration of the freezing period all influenced the stability of the supercooled water. On the other hand, external inoculation prevailed when the freezing temperatures were accompanied by condensation of water from the air and subsequent formation of ice crystals on the leaves. One important exception was noted when ice on corn seedling leaves failed to nucleate the supercooled internal plant water with a potential of −18 bars.
Irreversible Inhibitors of Serine, Cysteine, and Threonine Proteases (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIrreversible Inhibitors of Serine, Cysteine, and Threonine ProteasesJames C. Powers, Juliana L. Asgian, Özlem Doǧan Ekici, and Karen Ellis JamesView Author Information School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 12, 4639–4750Publication Date (Web):November 8, 2002Publication History Received26 February 2002Published online8 November 2002Published inissue 1 December 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr010182vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr010182vresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21661Altmetric-Citations869LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Inhibition,Inhibitors,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Triple-coupler ring-based optical guided-wave resonator (1994)

A novel ring-based optical guided-wave resonator is proposed. The resonator has a free spectral range double that of a double-coupler ring resonator (DCRR) with the same radius of curvature. Moreover, it features higher transmission at resonance and better extinction ratio than a DCRR with the same values of finesse and waveguide propagation loss.
Distinct cytokine profiles of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated macrophage activation syndrome with particular emphasis on the role of interleukin-18 in its pathogenesis (2010)

IL-18 may be an important mediator in s-JIA. Although serum Il-18 concentrations correlated with markers of the disease activity, IL-18 concentrations remained elevated even when other markers of disease activity normalized. Serum IL-18 concentration may be a promising indicator of the disease activity. The cytokine release pattern in MAS/HLH is different among patients with different aetiologies. Monitoring the cytokine profile, including IL-18, may be useful for differentiation of MAS/HLH and evaluation of disease activity in s-JIA.
Some Substituted Pyrido(2,3)pyrazines (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Substituted Pyrido(2,3)pyrazinesIrving A. KayeCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 2, 240–241Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00332a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (322 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid development of renal resistance to low doses of synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34. Dissociation of urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate, phosphaturic, and calciuric responses. (1983)

The designing of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-renal dose-response studies in human beings is complicated by the possibility of rapid homologous receptor down-regulation, a phenomenon that is clearly shown to occur in vitro. Large amounts of PTH given to human subjects as serial injections or prolonged infusions cause decreased urinary 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responses to subsequent PTH doses, but it is uncertain whether lower doses given over shorter periods similarly cause renal tachyphylaxis to PTH action. Thus, in seven water-loaded adults, we infused in ascending order 10, 30, 75, 150, and 300 U of synthetic bovine PTH fragment 1-34 (bPTH 1-34) per 70 kg body wt over 15 min on widely separated days ("separate day administration"). On another day, each subject received all five 15-min doses in ascending order at 75-min intervals ("single day administration"). Urine collection intervals were control, 0-30 min (including the PTH infusion), and 30-60 min. Peak nephrogenous cAMP (NcAMP, nmol/100 ml glomerular filtrate) response was linearly related to the dose of PTH (separate day study, r = 0.94, P less than 0.001; single day study, r = 0.88, P less than 0.001). However, the slope of NcAMP responses plotted against PTH dose for the single day study was only 36% of that derived from separate day administration of the same PTH doses (P less than 0.001). After only 40 U (10 + 30) of bPTH 1-34/70 kg, the NcAMP response to 75 U was reduced 44%, and the effect of 300 U/70 kg, when given as the last of the sequential single day infusions, was 64% less than the response to 300 U of bPTH 1-34 given alone (P less than 0.001). The phosphaturic response (fractional excretion of phosphorus, FEP [percent]) was also linearly related to bPTH 1-34 dose, but combined administration of the PTH infusions on one day increased FEP at each dose identically with the effects of separate day administration. A transient, dose-related, early hypercalciuric response to bPTH 1-34 also occurred, and was of equal magnitude in both protocols. These studies demonstrate that significant blunting of the NcAMP response to bPTH 1-34 occurs rapidly and follows brief exposure to relatively low doses of hormone. In contrast, there is no effect of recent PTH administration on the phosphaturic and early hypercalciuric actions of bPTH 1-34. This seeming dissociation of PTH effects makes unclear the physiologic importance of PTH-induced cAMP tachyphylaxis in the regulation of final PTH actions. In any case, studies of NcAMP responses in which the occurrence of tachyphylaxis would be undesirable should be designed to avoid prolonged or closely spaced administrations of the hormone.
Performance model for mapping processing tasks to OpenFlow switch resources (2012)

In a recent effort to push forward the powerful concept of software defined networks, OpenFlow has gained a lot of popularity as a practical approach to split the data and the control planes by standardizing an open interface that allow remote software controllers to dictate the forwarding behavior of network devices. The latest flexible version 1.1 of OpenFlow is limited to software forwarding plane implementations. In order to deliver high performance, we implement an OpenFlow v1.1 hardware forwarding plane based on network processors. Delivering the optimal performance requires finding the optimal mapping of OpenFlow tasks to hardware resources which is already known as an NP-hard combinatorial problem. In our work, we propose a performance model that helps choose a better mapping without the burden of implementing and comparing all possible mappings on network processor. Our model assumes that the performance bottleneck of the hardware forwarding pipeline comes from the lookup tasks. This is generally the case of OpenFlow lookup tasks based on more than 14 tuple headers and requiring high latency external memories in order to provide a large number of possible flow entries. Our model, validated using real hardware implementations comparisons, shows that the lookup tasks that use the same external memories in the same pipeline are not worth parallelizing. In fact, mapping them to different parallel processing elements will only increase the response time of the lookup memory which will slow down the forwarding pipeline.
A Gender-Centric Analysis of Calling Behavior in a Developing Economy Using Call Detail Records (2010)

The gender divide in the access to technology in developing economies makes gender characterization and automatic gender identification two of the most critical needs for improving cell phone-based services. Gender identification has been typically solved using voice or image processing. However, such techniques cannot be applied to cell phone networks mostly due to privacy concerns. In this paper, we present a study aimed at characterizing and automatically identifying the gender of a cell phone user in a developing economy based on behavioral, social and mobility variables. Our contributions are twofold: (1) understanding the role that gender plays on phone usage, and (2) evaluating common machine learning approaches for gender identification. The analysis was carried out using the encrypted CDRs (Call Detail Records) of approximately 10, 000 users from a developing economy, whose gender was known a priori. Our results indicate that behavioral and social variables, including the number of input/output calls and the in degree/out degree of the social network, reveal statistically significant differences between male and female callers. Finally, we propose a new gender identification algorithm that can achieve classification rates of up to 80 % when the percentage of predicted instances is reduced. 1.
Computer-supported cooperative work and the Internet (2002)

Research has been carried out in the field of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) for over ten years. Many different groupware prototypes have been developed and are being developed. However, CSCW is still considered as an isolated field of research and in several other areas of computer science collaborative aspects are neglected. Actually most Internet information services ignore the co-presence of many people in cyberspace at the same time. Consequently the possibilities of coordination and cooperation among the users are not taken advantage of. The authors are investigating ways in which this isolation of Internet users from each other could be reduced and how they could take advantage of the awareness of others.
Cardiovascular Efficacy and Safety of Bococizumab in High-Risk Patients (2017)

In two randomized trials comparing the PCSK9 inhibitor bococizumab with placebo, bococizumab had no benefit with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events in the trial involving lower-risk patients but did have a significant benefit in the trial involving higher-risk patients. (Funded by Pfizer; SPIRE-1 and SPIRE-2 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01975376 and NCT01975389 .).
A randomised trial of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for neonatal sepsis: childhood outcomes at 5 years (2015)

Objective We performed a randomised trial in very preterm, small for gestational age (SGA) babies to determine if prophylaxis with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) improves outcomes (the PROGRAMS trial). GM-CSF was associated with improved neonatal neutrophil counts, but no change in other neonatal or 2-year outcomes. As subtle benefits in outcome may not be ascertainable until school age we performed an outcome study at 5 years. Patients and methods 280 babies born at 31 weeks of gestation or less and SGA were entered into the trial. Outcomes were assessed at 5 years to determine neurodevelopmental and general health status and educational attainment. Results We found no significant differences in cognitive, general health or educational outcomes between 83 of 106 (78%) surviving children in the GM-CSF arm compared with 81 of 110 (74%) in the control arm. Mean mental processing composite (equivalent to IQ) at 5 years were 94 (SD 16) compared with 95 (SD 15), respectively (difference in means −1 (95%CI −6 to 4), and similar proportions were in receipt of special educational needs support (41% vs 35%; risk ratio 1.2 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.9)). Performance on Kaufmann-ABC subscales and components of NEPSY were similar. The suggestion of worse respiratory outcomes in the GM-CSF group at 2 years was replicated at 5 years. Conclusions The administration of GM-CSF to very preterm SGA babies is not associated with improved or more adverse neurodevelopmental, general health or educational outcomes at 5 years. Trial registration number ISRCTN42553489.
The message is the medium (1982)

An innovative design for an interactive paint program has been developed based on multiple processes and message passing. Traditional paint programs combine interrupt-driven support of a graphical input device, such as a mouse or tablet, with the coloring of pixels in a raster display. We advocate a different design methodology which is illustrated in our implementation. The multiple processes and message passing primitives provided by some real-time operating systems encourage the design of parallel-program architectures and anthropomorphic programming structures, analogous to artist procedures and the metaphors of Smalltalk.
Azor: Using Two-Level Block Selection to Improve SSD-Based I/O Caches (2011)

Flash-based solid state drives (SSDs) exhibit potential for solving I/O bottlenecks by offering superior performance over hard disks for several workloads. In this work we design Azor, an SSD-based I/O cache that operates at the block-level and is transparent to existing applications, such as databases. Our design provides various choices for associativity, write policies and cache line size, while maintaining a high degree of I/O concurrency. Our main contribution is that we explore differentiation of HDD blocks according to their expected importance on system performance. We design and analyze a two-level block selection scheme that dynamically differentiates HDD blocks, and selectively places them in the limited space of the SSD cache. We implement Azor in the Linux kernel and evaluate its effectiveness experimentally using a server-type platform and large problem sizes with three I/O intensive workloads: TPC-H, SPECsfs 2008, and Hammerora. Our results show that as the cache size increases, Azor enhances I/O performance by up to 14.02×, 1.63×, and 1.55× for each workload respectively. Additionally, our two-level block selection scheme further enhances I/O performance compared to a typical SSD cache by up to 95%, 16%, and 34% for each workload, respectively.
Plasminogen stimulates propagation of protease‐resistant prion protein in vitro (2010)

ABSTRACT To clarify the role of plasminogen as a cofactor for prion propagation, we conducted functional assays using a cell‐free prion protein (PrP) conversion assay termed protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) and prion‐infected cell lines. Here, we report that plasminogen stimulates propagation of the protease‐resistant scrapie PrP (PrP Sc ). Compared to control PMCA conducted without plasminogen, addition of plasminogen in PMCA using wild‐type brain material significantly increased PrP conversion, with an EC 50 = ~56 nM. PrP conversion in PMCA was substantially less efficient with plasminogen‐deficient brain material than with wild‐type material. The activity stimulating PrP conversion was specific for plasminogen and conserved in its kringle domains. Such activity was abrogated by modification of plasminogen structure and interference of PrP‐plasminogen interaction. Kinetic analysis of PrP Sc generation demonstrated that the presence of plasminogen in PMCA enhanced the PrP Sc production rate to −0.97 U/µl/h and reduced turnover time to ~1 h compared to those (~0.4 U/µl/h and ~2.5 h) obtained without supplementation. Furthermore, as observed in PMCA, plasminogen and kringles promoted PrP Sc propagation in ScN2a and Elk 21 + cells. Our results demonstrate that plasmino‐gen functions in stimulating conversion processes and represents the first cellular protein cofactor that enhances the hypothetical mechanism of prion propagation.—Mays, C. E., Ryou, C. Plasminogen stimulates propagation of protease‐resistant prion protein in vitro. FASEB J. 24, 5102–5112 (2010). www.fasebj.org