gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meeting the needs of type 2 diabetes patients. (2004)

The Society for Medicines Research symposium Type II Diabetes: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Targets was held June 17, 2004, at the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom. The conference brought together an international program of speakers representing academia, small biotech companies and large pharmaceutical companies to review approaches aimed at increasing our understanding of the etiology of type 2 diabetes and advances in the development of novel therapeutics. Type 2 diabetes is a major, worldwide healthcare problem, and the incidence of this disease is rising. In the United States alone, 13.3 million people were diagnosed with diabetes in 2002, an increase of 5.8 million in a decade following an alarming trend beginning in the 1980s. People who have diabetes are at an increased risk of developing serious life-threatening complications, notably cardiovascular disease, as well as experiencing morbidity, which severely impairs their quality of life. This trend will pose an increasing burden on governmental healthcare budgets.
A physical model of cochlear transduction (1980)

One of the basic questions which has persisted in the field of hearing theory is the still unresolved mechanical action of hair cell transduction. The fundamental problem that has historically plagued researchers is the discrepancy between mechanically measured tuning of basilar membrane motion and neurally measured tuning. In this paper we show that the difference between these two measures appears to be accounted for by a specific, physically motivated, micromechanical model. This model gives rise to a spectral zero which we identify as the “second filter” of cochlear transduction. For high-frequency fibers this zero resides at a fixed frequency ratio below CF while for fibers having low frequency CF's the zero appears to go to zero frequency faster than CF (the ratio goes to zero at low frequencies). In this paper we first present and analyze the assumed mechanical model. We then briefly discuss a possible specific physical realization for the nonlinearity of cochlear mechanics. The nonlinear model is based on dynamical variations in outer hair cell stereocilia stiffness.
Large area thin BSFsolar cells with simultaneously diffused boron and phosphorus screen printed emitters (2005)

The use of thinner substrates is an increasingly important way to reduce the price of crystalline solar cells. In this way, present industrial processes have to be suited, paying special attention to the relevance of the rear surface passivation for the new thicknesses. And in parallel, a clear revival of screen printing (SP) is being observed, because it allows continuous production and shows high reliability at a low cost. This work looks for an answer to these two issues as a whole, by using SP and firing techniques to diffuse emitters onto thin substrates. Acceptable emitters have been simultaneously manufactured on 105 /spl mu/m Cz substrates in one only thermal step, showing that they are also compatible with high lifetimes and minor leakage currents. This has led to achieve npp and nnp bifacial BSF structures in a very fast process.
Molecular Approaches to Mammalian Genetics (1986)

In the last few years a number of new genetic and molecular techniques have emerged for analyzing the mammalian, and especially the human, genome. The genetic analysis has concentrated on the new possibilities of using DNA probes as genetic markers, allowing major progress on both establishing a human linkage map (Botstein et al. 1980) and identifying and using closely linked DNA markers in the genetic analysis of genes defined by mammalian (human and mouse) mutations.
The Vif protein of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses is packaged into virions and associates with viral core structures (1995)

The vif gene of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) encodes a late gene product that is essential for viral infectivity in natural target cells. Virions produced in the absence of Vif are abnormal in their ultrastructural morphology and are severely impaired in the ability to complete proviral DNA synthesis upon entry into new target cells. Because previous studies failed to detect Vif protein in virus particles, Vif is believed to influence virus infectivity indirectly, by affecting virion assembly, release, and/or maturation. In this report, we reexamined the possibility that Vif is a virion-associated protein. Utilizing high-titer Vif-specific antibodies, a sensitive immunoblot technique, and highly concentrated virus preparations, we detected a 23-kDa Vif-reactive protein in wild-type HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and a 27-kDa Vif-reactive protein in wild-type SIVSM virions. Neither protein was present in virions derived from vif-deficient HIV-1 and SIVSM proviral constructs. Vif protein content was similar among different strains of HIV-1 and was independent of the cell type (permissive or nonpermissive) used to produce the virus. To determine the subvirion localization of Vif, HIV-1 virions were treated with proteinase K or Triton X-100 to remove virion surface proteins and the viral membrane, respectively, purified through sucrose, and analyzed by immunoblot analysis. Vif protein content was not affected by the removal of external surface proteins or by the removal of the viral membrane and submembrane p17Gag matrix protein. Instead, Vif colocalized with viral core structures which sedimented at a density of 1.25 g/ml on linear sucrose gradients (enveloped HIV-1 particles sediment at a density of 1.17 g/ml). Finally, the amount of Vif protein packaged into virions was estimated to be on the order of 1 molecule of Vif for every 20 to 30 molecules of p24Gag, or between 60 and 100 molecules of Vif per particle. These results indicate that Vif represents an integral component of HIV and SIV particles and raise the possibility that it plays a direct role in early replication events.
Multiplexed Luminex xMAP Assay for Detection and Identification of Five Adenovirus Serotypes Associated with Epidemics of Respiratory Disease in Adults (2010)

Several serotypes of human adenovirus (HAdV) cause acute respiratory disease (ARD) among healthy adults, sometimes generating broad outbreaks with high attack rates and occasional fatalities. Timely serotype identification provides valuable epidemiological information and significantly contributes to prevention (vaccination) strategies. The prevalence of specific serotypes causing ARD varies geographically. HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-7, HAdV-14, and HAdV-21 are the serotypes most commonly found in adult populations in the Western Hemisphere. Unfortunately, conventional serotype identification is a tedious process which can take a week or longer. For this reason, new molecular methods for serotype identification are needed. Commercially available rapid antigen and PCR assays for the detection of HAdV are universal but do not distinguish between the different serotypes. We describe the development of a sensitive and specific multiplex assay capable of identifying serotypes 3, 4, 7, 14, and 21. Two sets of primers were used for nonspecific (universal) PCR amplification, and serotype-specific probes coupled to Luminex tags were used for target-specific extension (TSE). PCR and TSE primers were designed using known hexon gene sequences of HAdV. The TSE products of HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-7, HAdV-14, and HAdV-21 were correctly identified using the Luminex xMAP fluid microsphere-based array system. No cross-reactivity with other respiratory pathogens or other HAdV serotypes was observed. This multiplexed assay can be expanded to include more serotypes and will allow broad and rapid detection and identification of adenoviral serotypes in a high-throughput environment.
Abstract 2188: Isolation and anticancer properties of some naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactones from Pulicaria undulate (2016)

Abstract Sesquiterpene lactones are natural compounds abundant in several plant families with a variety of biological activities such as antitumor effects. Camptothecin is famous topoisomerase interactive agent with anticancer properties against several types of malignancies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential chemotherapeutic effects of some naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Pulicaria undulate. Compounds with promising anticancer profile has been further investigated for potential chemomodulatory effects to camptothecin in different tumor cell types. Cytotoxicity of the isolated terpenoids were assessed against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), human colorectal cancer (HCT116 and LS174T) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells using sulpharhodamine-B assay after cell exposure for 72 h. Cytotoxic parameters (IC50 and R-fraction) were calculated from cell viability after fitting using Emax model. Two sesquiterpene lactones, 2α-hydroxy alantolactone and tomentosin, showed considerable cytotoxic profile against cell lines under investigation with IC50's ranging from 5 to 22 μM and from 14 to 39 μM, respectively. Treatment with camptothecin alone showed significant cytotoxicity with IC50's range from 0.13 to 1.5 μM in the same panel of cell lines. Equitoxic combination of tomentosin with camptothecin (combination ratio was 1:100) resulted in 60% reduction for the IC50 of camptothecin alone in HCT116 cells. On the other hand, equitoxic combination for hydroxy alantolactone with camptothecin did not significantly enhance the cytotoxicity of camptothecin against HCT116 cells. To explain the interactive characteristics of hydroxy alantolactone and tomentosin with camptothecin, annexin-V/PI staining coupled with flow cytometry analysis for apoptosis and necrosis was assessed after treatment with camptothecin alone or in combination with hydroxy alantolactone or tomentosin. Again, tomentosin combination with camptothecin significantly increased apoptotic as well as necrotic cell populations compared to camptothecin treatment alone by 2-3 folds. On the other hand, combination of camptothecin with hydroxy alantolactone significantly increased apoptotic cell population with reciprocal decrease in necrotic cell population. In conclusion, hydroxy alantolactone and tomentosin might be promising anticancer agents. However, further molecular investigation is required to understand the nature of interaction between the isolated sesquiterpene lactones and cornerstone chemotherapeutics such as camptothecin. Citation Format: Mohammed M. Arab, Fahad A. Al-Abbasi, Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy, Ali M. El-Halawany, Ahmed M. Al-Abd. Isolation and anticancer properties of some naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactones from Pulicaria undulate. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2188.
<title>Photoablative etching of materials for optoelectronic integrated devices</title> (1991)

Laser photoablation of a variety of polymer films was observed at UV wavelengths. The etch curves do not fit Beer's law and the Srinavasan model but follow the trend of a multiphotonic process. Ablation occurs with minimal degradation in the remaining material. Linear absorption characteristics and chemical composition are not the only factors which contribute to the etching mechanism. Process parameters also include mechanical properties, sample purity and microstructure.
Structure of Signal-regulatory Protein α (2009)

Signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPalpha) is a myeloid membrane receptor that interacts with the membrane protein CD47, a marker of self. We have solved the structure of the complete extracellular portion of SIRPalpha, comprising three immunoglobulin superfamily domains, by x-ray crystallography to 2.5 A resolution. These data, together with previous data on the N-terminal domain and its ligand CD47 (possessing a single immunoglobulin superfamily domain), show that the CD47-SIRPalpha interaction will span a distance of around 14 nm between interacting cells, comparable with that of an immunological synapse. The N-terminal (V-set) domain mediates binding to CD47, and the two others are found to be constant (C1-set) domains. C1-set domains are restricted to proteins involved in vertebrate antigen recognition: T cell antigen receptors, immunoglobulins, major histocompatibility complex antigens, tapasin, and beta2-microglobulin. The domains of SIRPalpha (domains 2 and 3) are structurally more similar to C1-set domains than any cell surface protein not involved in antigen recognition. This strengthens the suggestion from sequence analysis that SIRP is evolutionarily closely related to antigen recognition proteins.
Monoclonal antibodies. (1988)

The hybridoma technology developed by Köhler and Milstein has initiated a new era in biological sciences. In the last decade the possibility of generating limited amounts of monoclonal antibodies of predefined specificity has become a routine method in many laboratories throughout the world. The constant quality of various antibody preparations from 1 hybridoma cell line represents another important advantage of this method. Apart from the use for several purposes, e.g. HLA-typing, differentiation of lymphocyte subpopulations and blood group antigens, monoclonal antibodies play an important role in the determination of various tumor markers. In most modern immunoassays monoclonal antibodies are used. Furthermore, there is nowadays a limited experience concerning the in vivo use of monoclonal antibodies in malignant disease. Radiolabelled antibody immunodetection has been applied e.g. in colorectal and testicular tumors for the detection of tumor metastases. The therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies has been reported in some patients with tumors of the hemopoietic system. The production of new murine and human monoclonal antibodies against various tumor types is subject of current investigations. The aim of these efforts is the development of monoclonal antibodies suitable for in vitro tumor diagnosis and application in vivo.
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Raised against the Latent Nuclear Antigen of Human Herpesvirus 8 (1999)

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; also designated Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) is the likely etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). HHV-8 encodes a latent nuclear antigen (LNA) which is the product of the viral gene orf 73. LNA is recognized by most infected patient sera and is the basis of current immunofluorescence assays used in epidemiological studies of HHV-8 infection. Here we describe the characterization of four monoclonal antibodies raised to the C-terminal third of LNA-glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins. These monoclonal antibodies recognized discrete linear epitopes within the C terminus and repetitive region of LNA, detected antigen in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells, and precipitated a 220- to 230-kDa protein doublet corresponding to LNA from HHV-8-infected PEL cell lines. In situ immunocytochemistry of KS lesions with these antibodies show that LNA is extensively expressed in KS spindle cells.
A Hybrid Conditional Random Field for Estimating the Underlying Ground Surface From Airborne LiDAR Data (2009)

Recent advances in airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology allow rapid and inexpensive generation of digital surface models (DSMs), 3-D point clouds of buildings, vegetations, cars, and natural terrain features over large regions. However, in many applications, such as flood modeling and landslide prediction, digital terrain models (DTMs), the topography of the bare-Earth surface, are needed. This paper introduces a novel machine learning approach to automatically extract DTMs from their corresponding DSMs. We first classify each point as being either ground or nonground, using supervised learning techniques applied to a variety of features. For the points which are classified as ground, we use the LiDAR measurements as an estimate of the surface height, but, for the nonground points, we have to interpolate between nearby values, which we do using a Gaussian random field. Since our model contains both discrete and continuous latent variables, and is a discriminative (rather than generative) probabilistic model, we call it a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">hybrid</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">conditional</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">random</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">field</i> . We show that a Maximum <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Posteriori</i> estimate of the surface height can be efficiently estimated by using a variant of the Expectation Maximization algorithm. Experiments demonstrate that the accuracy of this learning-based approach outperforms the previous best systems, based on manually tuned heuristics.
Crotamine Mediates Gene Delivery into Cells through the Binding to Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (2007)

Recently we have shown that crotamine, a toxin from the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, belongs to the family of cell-penetrating peptides. Moreover, crotamine was demonstrated to be a marker of centrioles, of cell cycle, and of actively proliferating cells. Herein we show that this toxin at non-toxic concentrations is also capable of binding electrostatically to plasmid DNA forming DNA-peptide complexes whose stabilities overcome the need for chemical conjugation for carrying nucleic acids into cells. Interestingly, crotamine demonstrates cell specificity and targeted delivery of plasmid DNA into actively proliferating cells both in vitro and in vivo, which distinguishes crotamine from other known natural cell-penetrating peptides. The mechanism of crotamine penetration and cargo delivery into cells was also investigated, showing the involvement of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the uptake phase, which is followed by endocytosis and peptide accumulation within the acidic endosomal vesicles. Finally, the permeabilization of endosomal membranes induced by crotamine results in the leakage of the vesicles contents to the cell cytosol.
L-Glutamate Receptors on the Cell Body Membrane of an Identified Insect Motor Neurone (1989)

ABSTRACT Current-clamp experiments on an identified neurone have demonstrated the presence of L-glutamate receptors in the insect central nervous system. The cell body of the fast coxal depressor motor neurone (Df) in the metathoracic ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana exhibits a hyperpolarizing response to L-glutamate, accompanied by an increase in membrane conductance. The response is dependent on both intracellular and extracellular chloride concentration, but is not affected by changes in potassium concentration. The hyperpolarization reverses at —82mV (the equilibrium potential for chloride), is mimicked by the action of L-aspartate, blocked by the antagonists picrotoxin and γ-D-glutamylglycine (γ-DGG) at high concentrations (l·0×10−4moll−1), and is enhanced by L-amino phosphonobutyrate (L-APB). The response is insensitive to glutamate diethyl ester (GDEE), cis-2,3-piperazine dicarboxylic acid (cir-2,3-PDA) and D-amino phosphonobutyrate (D-APB). The L-glutamate-activated increase in chloride conductance does not cross-desensitize with the y-aminobu-tyric acid (GABA) response on the same cell. It is less sensitive than the GABA response to block by picrotoxin. In addition, γ-DGG specifically blocks the L-glutamate receptor. A depolarizing response is elicited by kainate and quisqualate; it is associated with an increase in conductance, and exhibits a much slower time course than the response to L-glutamate, indicating a different underlying mechanism. L-Cysteate produces a small depolarizing response of similar time course to that produced by L-glutamate. L-Homocysteate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) are ineffective on the cell body membrane when applied at concentrations up to l·0×10−3moll−1. This first detailed description of the properties of L-glutamate receptors on an identified insect neurone reveals that they are not readily accommodated in the existing classification of receptor subtypes, based on vertebrate pharmacology.
Prothrombin time prolongation in paracetamol poisoning: a relevant marker of hepatic failure? (2003)

The association between paracetamol overdose and prolonged prothrombin time due to hepatic failure is well recognized. However, little is known of the possibility that paracetamol overdose can prolong the prothrombin time without overt hepatic failure. The few data from the literature suggest this is either due to a reduction in the functional levels of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors by elevated doses of paracetamol, or a consequence of the administration of the antidote N-acetylcystein. The three reported cases provide further evidence that paracetamol overdose can be associated with a prolongation in the prothrombin time without overt hepatic failure. Even though the prothrombin time provides useful prognosis information, decisions regarding the management of these patients should not solely be based on this endpoint to avoid misinterpretation of the accuracy and the severity of liver failure.
Zeugmatographic high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Images of chemical inhomogeneity within macroscopic objects (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZeugmatographic high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Images of chemical inhomogeneity within macroscopic objectsPaul C. Lauterbur, David M. Kramer, Waylon V. House Jr., and Ching-Nien ChenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 23, 6866–6868Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00856a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00856a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts