gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of Oligosaccharides in Yogurt Containing Bifidobacteria and Yogurt Cultures (2002)

Yogurts were prepared by using yogurt cultures combined to mixed cultures of bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Bifidobacterium longum) and by adding a preincubation step (1.5 h at 50 degrees C) with bifidobacteria to the conventional method of manufacture in order to produce oligosaccharides. The survival of bifidobacteria was drastically affected during storage of yogurts, except for products containing B. animalis, in which viable counts remained at >10(6) cfu/g after 28 d of storage at 4 degrees C. Oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 3 were produced during the preincubation step (0.31 to 0.68%), and the amount in the final products varied according to the species of bifidobacteria inoculated during the preincubation step or the concentration of bifidobacteria used as second inoculum during the fermentation process. In fact, the higher concentration of oligosaccharides measured at the end of the fermentation process (0.72%) and the 28 d-storage period (0.67%) was obtained for yogurts containing B. infantis. However, yogurts containing B. breve showed higher beta-galactosidase activities and had lower lactose concentrations after the fermentation process and the storage period than the other yogurts. The use of a mixed cultures of bifidobacteria (B. animalis, B. infantis, or B. breve) thus allows the production of yogurts in which bifidobacteria can survive in relatively high cell numbers and contain appreciable amount of oligosaccharides.
A cross-linked hyaluronan gel accelerates healing of corneal epithelial abrasion and alkali burn injuries in rabbits (2010)

Chemically modified and cross-linked derivative of hyaluronan improved corneal wound healing and could be useful for treating noninfectious corneal injuries.
Efficient bounding of displaced Bézier patches (2010)

In this paper, we present a new approach to conservative bounding of displaced Bezier patches. These surfaces are expected to be a common use case for tessellation in interactive and real-time rendering. Our algorithm combines efficient normal bounding techniques, min-max mipmap hierarchies and oriented bounding boxes. This results in substantially faster convergence for the bounding volumes of displaced surfaces, prior to tessellation and displacement shading. Our work can be used for different types of culling, ray tracing, and to sort higher order primitives in tiling architectures. For our hull shader implementation, we report performance benefits even for moderate tessellation rates.
Clinicopathologic findings associated with chronic renal disease in cats: 74 cases (1973–1984) (1987)

The historic, physical, laboratory, and histologic findings for 74 cats with chronic renal disease were reviewed. Most cats were older, and no breed or sex predilection was detected. This most common clinical signs detected by owners were lethargy, anorexia, and weight loss. Dehydration and emaciation were common physical examination findings. Common laboratory findings were nonregenerative anemia, lymphopenia, azotemia, hypercholesterolemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, and isosthenuria. The most common morphologic diagnosis was chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis of unknown cause. The other pathologic diagnoses were renal lymphosarcoma, renal amyloidosis, chronic pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystic renal disease, and pyogranulomatous nephritis secondary to feline infectious peritonitis.
Current affairs in quantitative targeted proteomics: multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (2009)

Quantitative targeted proteomics has recently taken front stage in the proteomics community. Centered on multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) methodologies, quantitative targeted proteomics is being used in the verification of global proteomics data, the discovery of lower abundance proteins, protein post-translational modifications, discrimination of select highly homologous protein isoforms and as the final step in biomarker discovery. An older methodology utilized with small molecule analysis, the proteomics community is making great technological strides to develop MRM-MS as the next method to address previously challenging issues in global proteomics experimentation, namely dynamic range, identification of post-translational modifications, sensitivity and selectivity of measurement which will undoubtedly further biomedical knowledge. This brief review will provide a general introduction of MRM-MS and highlight its novel application for targeted quantitative proteomic experimentations.
Specific therapy regimes could lead to long-term immunological control of HIV (1999)

We use mathematical models to study the relationship between HIV and the immune system during the natural course of infection and in the context of different antiviral treatment regimes. The models suggest that an efficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) memory response is required to control the virus. We define CTL memory as long-term persistence of CTL precursors in the absence of antigen. Infection and depletion of CD4(+) T helper cells interfere with CTL memory generation, resulting in persistent viral replication and disease progression. We find that antiviral drug therapy during primary infection can enable the development of CTL memory. In chronically infected patients, specific treatment schedules, either including deliberate drug holidays or antigenic boosts of the immune system, can lead to a re-establishment of CTL memory. Whether such treatment regimes would lead to long-term immunologic control deserves investigation under carefully controlled conditions.
Resonant-cavity light-emitting diodes: a review (2003)

An overview of planar resonant-cavity light-emitting diodes is presented. Letting spontaneous emission happen in a planar cavity will in the first place affect the extraction efficiency. The internal intensity distribution is not longer isotropic due to interference effects (or density of states effects). The basics of dipole emission in planar cavities will be shortly reviewed using a classical approach valid in the so called weak-coupling regime. The total emission enhancement or Purcell factor, although small in planar cavities, will be explained. The design of a GaAs/AlGaAs RCLED is discussed. We review the state-of-the-art devices in different semiconductor material systems and at different wavelengths. Some advanced techniques based on gratings or photonic crystals to improve the efficiency of these devices are discussed. RCLEDs are not the only candidates that can be used as high-efficiency light sources in communication and non-communication applications. They compete with other high-efficiency LEDs and with VCSELs. The future prospects of RCLEDs are discussed in view of this competition.
An online digital photography course for high school teachers (1998)

article An online digital photography course for high school teachers Share on Authors: Bonnie Nardi View Profile , Brian Reilly View Profile , Reinhold Steinbeck View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCHI BulletinVolume 30Issue 2April 1998 pp 78–81https://doi.org/10.1145/279044.279162Online:01 April 1998Publication History 0citation51DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads51Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR9 Signaling Results in HIV-Long Terminal Repeat Trans -Activation and HIV Replication in HIV-1 Transgenic Mouse Spleen Cells: Implications of Simultaneous Activation of TLRs on HIV Replication (2003)

Opportunistic infections are common in HIV-infected patients; they activate HIV replication and contribute to disease progression. In the present study we examined the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR9 in HIV-long terminal repeat (HIV-LTR) trans-activation and assessed whether TLR4 synergized with TLR2 or TLR9 to induce HIV replication. Soluble Mycobacterium tuberculosis factor (STF) and phenol-soluble modulin from Staphylococcus epidermidis induced HIV-LTR trans-activation in human microvessel endothelial cells cotransfected with TLR2 cDNA. Stimulation of ex vivo spleen cells from HIV-1 transgenic mice with TLR4, TLR2, and TLR9 ligands (LPS, STF, and CpG DNA, respectively) induced p24 Ag production in a dose-dependent manner. Costimulation of HIV-1 transgenic mice spleen cells with LPS and STF or CpG DNA induced TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production in a synergistic manner and p24 production in an additive fashion. In the THP-1 human monocytic cell line stably expressing the HIV-LTR-luciferase construct, LPS and STF also induced HIV-LTR trans-activation in an additive manner. This is the first time that TLR2 and TLR9 and costimulation of TLRs have been shown to induce HIV replication. Together these results underscore the importance of TLRs in bacterial Ag- and CpG DNA-induced HIV-LTR trans-activation and HIV replication. These observations may be important in understanding the role of the innate immune system and the molecular mechanisms involved in the increased HIV replication and HIV disease progression associated with multiple opportunistic infections.
Mechanism of Synergy between Epigallocatechin Gallate and β-Lactams against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2001)

Compared to MICs (more than 800 microg/ml) of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) against Escherchia coli, MICs of EGCg against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA) were 100 microg/ml or less. Furthermore, less than 25 microg EGCg per ml obviously reversed the high level resistance of MRSA to all types of tested beta-lactams, including benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, methicillin, ampicillin, and cephalexin. EGCg also induced a supersusceptibility to beta-lactams in MSSA which does not express mecA, encoding penicillin-binding protein 2' (PBP2'). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices of the tested beta-lactams against 25 isolates of MRSA were from 0.126 to 0.625 in combination with 6.25, 12.5 or 25 microg of EGCg per ml. However, no synergism was observed between EGCg and ampicillin against E. coli. EGCg largely reduced the tolerance of MRSA and MSSA to high ionic strength and low osmotic pressure in their external atmosphere, indicating damage of the cell wall. Unlike dextran and lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan from S. aureus blocked both the antibacterial activity of EGCg and the synergism between EGCg and oxacillin, suggesting a direct binding of EGCg with peptidoglycan on the cell wall. EGCg showed a synergistic effect with DL-cycloserine (an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis unrelated to PBP2') but additive or indifferent effect with inhibitors of protein and nuclear acid synthesis. EGCg did not suppress either PBP2' mRNA expression or PBP2' production, as confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR and a semiquantitative PBP2' latex agglutination assay, indicating an irrelevance between the synergy and PBP2' production. In summary, both EGCg and beta-lactams directly or indirectly attack the same site, peptidoglycan on the cell wall. EGCg synergizes the activity of beta-lactams against MRSA owing to interference with the integrity of the cell wall through direct binding to peptidoglycan.
In situ scanning tunneling microscopy study of iodine and bromine adsorption on gold(111) under potential control (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIn situ scanning tunneling microscopy study of iodine and bromine adsorption on gold(111) under potential controlN. J. Tao and S. M. LindsayCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 13, 5213–5217Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100192a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100192a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views696Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
An intelligent interface for sorting electronic mail (2002)

Classification of email is an important everyday task for a large and growing number of users. This paper describes the i-ems (Intelligent-Electronic Mail Sorter) mail interface, which offers a view of the inbox based on predicted classifications of messages. The interface is designed to ensure user control over the prediction processes by supporting scrutiny of the system's certainty and details of the mechanisms used.
Specificity of substrate recognition by the EcoRI restriction endonuclease. (1975)

The substrate specificity of the EcoRI restriction endonuclease can be varied in vitro by changing the pH and the ionic environment of the reaction. Phosphodiester bond cleavage occurs at a DNA hexanucleotide sequence d(N-G-A-A-T-T-C-N)/d(N-C-T-T-A-A-G-N) when the ionic strength is high, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2, and the pH is approximately 7.3. Lowering the ionic strength to 25 mM Tris-HCl, 2 mM MgCl2, and adjusting the pH to 8.5 reduces the recognition specificity of the EcoRI endonuclease to the tetranucleotide sequence, d(N-A-A-T-T-N)/d(N-T-T-A-A-N). The enzymatic activity responsible for this substrate recognition is referred to as EcoRI. Cleavage of pVH51 plasmid DNA under EcoRI conditions results in a number of partial digest fragments, some of which disappear slowly over a prolonged digestion period. This suggests that different recognition sites are cleaved at different rates. Comparison of DNA fragment patterns of modified and unmodified pVH51 DNA indicates that the canonical EcoRI sequence is the most rapidly cleaved site under EcoRI conditions. DNA modified in vivo by the EcoRI methylase is not cleaved by the EcoRI endonuclease under standard conditions, but is cleaved under EcoRI conditions at sites other than the standard EcoRI substrate.
Antibody-mediated blockade of IL-15 reverses the autoimmune intestinal damage in transgenic mice that overexpress IL-15 in enterocytes (2009)

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease with a relatively high prevalence especially in the western hemisphere. A strong genetic component is involved in the pathogenesis of CD with virtually all individuals that develop the disease carrying HLA-DQ alleles that encode specific HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 heterodimers. Consumption of cereals rich in gluten triggers a chronic intestinal inflammation in genetically susceptible individuals leading to the development of CD. Emerging evidence has implicated a central role for IL-15 in the orchestration and perpetuation of inflammation and tissue destruction in CD. Therefore, IL-15 represents an attractive target for development of new therapies for CD. Transgenic mice that express human IL-15 specifically in enterocytes (T3(b)-hIL-15 Tg mice) develop villous atrophy and severe duodeno-jejunal inflammation with massive accumulation of NK-like CD8(+) lymphocytes in the affected mucosa. We used these mice to demonstrate that blockade of IL-15 signaling with an antibody (TM-beta1) that binds to murine IL-2/IL-15Rbeta (CD122) leads to a reversal of the autoimmune intestinal damage. The present study, along with work of others, provides the rationale to explore IL-15 blockade as a test of the hypothesis that uncontrolled expression of IL-15 is critical in the pathogenesis and maintenance of refractory CD.
Evaluation of Projection Algorithms (1981)

A number of linear and nonlinear mapping algorithms for the projection of patterns from a high-dimensional space to two dimensions are available. These two-dimensional representations allow quick visual observation of a data set. A combination of two popular mapping algorithms-Sammon's mean-square error technique and the triangulation method-is proposed to overcome the limitations in the individual algorithms. Some factors which describe the goodness of a projection are described, and a comparison is made of six of these algorithms by running them on four data sets. The results obtained support the use of the proposed algorithm.
Sensor validation and Fieldbus (1995)

Intelligent sensors are now able to generate diagnostic messages, and Fieldbus can carry them, but how are they to be integrated into a control system? It is argued that a standard format must be adopted, and online uncertainty is proposed as a metric for data quality.
Effects of encapsulated green tea and Guarana extracts containing a mixture of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and caffeine on 24 h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in men (2005)

It has been reported that green tea has a thermogenic effect, due to its caffeine content and probably also to the catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). The main aim of the present study was to compare the effect of a mixture of green tea and Guarana extracts containing a fixed dose of caffeine and variable doses of EGCG on 24 h energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Fourteen subjects took part to this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study. Each subject was tested five times in a metabolic chamber to measure 24 h energy expenditure, substrate oxidation and blood pressure. During each stay, the subjects ingested a capsule of placebo or capsules containing 200 mg caffeine and a variable dose of EGCG (90, 200, 300 or 400 mg) three times daily, 30 min before standardized meals. Twenty-four hour energy expenditure increased significantly by about 750 kJ with all EGCG-caffeine mixtures compared with placebo. No effect of the EGCG-caffeine mixture was observed for lipid oxidation. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased by about 7 and 5 mmHg, respectively, with the EGCG-caffeine mixtures compared with placebo. This increase was significant only for 24 h diastolic blood pressure. The main finding of the study was the increase in 24 h energy expenditure with the EGCG-caffeine mixtures. However, this increase was similar with all doses of EGCG in the mixtures.
Clinical evaluation of a full-field digital-projection radiography detector (1998)

Efforts to integrate projection radiography into the digital environment have, to date, required signal degrading steps. The purpose of this study was to compare new directly acquired digital projection radiographic images to conventional film screen images. Fifty paired images (25 chest and 25 abdomen) were obtained under identical conditions and at comparable exposures using a new digital system and a conventional 200 speed film-screen system. This new direct x-ray converting full field 14 X 17 inch detector (Sterling Imaging) uses selenium coupled to a 2560 X 3072 thin film transistor array with a pixel pitch of 139 microns. The detector was easily retrofitted to existing radiographic equipment. After applying appropriate algorithms to obtain images that were comparable in gray scale appearance to conventional film, the 14 bit digital images were printed at full resolution (8 bit) on laser film. Detail evaluation of these paired images under identical viewing conditions, using standardized protocols that were formulated prior to imaging, was performed by three experienced radiologists for each body area. The hard copy clinical digital images were judged by all of the expert panel of radiologists to be superior or equivalent to their paired conventional film screen study (t-value confidence level of 10<SUP>-6</SUP> for chest and .03 for abdomen).
Host-guest complexation. 14. Host covalently bound to polystyrene resin for chromatographic resolution of enantiomers of amino acid and ester salts (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHost-guest complexation. 14. Host covalently bound to polystyrene resin for chromatographic resolution of enantiomers of amino acid and ester saltsG. Dotsevi Yao Sogah and Donald J. CramCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 11, 3035–3042Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00505a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1575Altmetric-Citations253LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Caspase‐8 in Apoptosis: The Beginning of “The End”? (2000)

Caspase-8 is a member of the cysteine proteases, which are implicated in apoptosis and cytokine processing. Like all caspases, caspase-8 is synthesized as an inactive single polypeptide chain zymogen procaspase and is activated by proteolytic cleavage, through either autoactivation after recruitment into a multimeric complex or trans-cleavage by other caspases. Thus, ligand binding-induced trimerization of death receptors results in recruitment of the receptor-specific adapter protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD), which then recruits caspase-8. Activated caspase-8 is known to propagate the apoptotic signal either by directly cleaving and activating downstream caspases or by cleaving the BH3 Bcl2-interacting protein, which leads to the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, triggering activation of caspase-9 in a complex with dATP and Apaf-1. Activated caspase-9 then activates further "downstream caspases," including caspase-8. Knockout data indicate that caspase-8 is required for killing induced by the death receptors Fas, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, and death receptor 3. Moreover, caspase-8-/- mice die in utero as a result of defective development of heart muscle and display fewer hematopoietic progenitor cells, suggesting that the FADD/caspase-8 pathway is absolutely required for growth and development of specific cell types.