gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of an amplification method (Gen-Probe) compared with that of culture for diagnosis of tuberculosis (1995)

Five hundred fifty respiratory and nonrespiratory specimens from 340 patients were analyzed by comparing the Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD) with conventional culture, which was the method of reference, for the detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. After resolution of discrepant results by retesting the samples and reviewing the patients' clinical histories, a total of 60 respiratory specimens were MTD and culture positive, 347 were MTD and culture negative, 4 were MTD positive and culture negative, and 1 was MTD negative and culture positive. This results in a sensitivity of 98.4%, a specificity of 98.9%, and positive and negative predictive values of 93.8 and 99.7%, respectively. Repeatedly, clinicians asked to test specimens of nonpulmonary origin by MTD. Although, MTD is not approved for use with nonrespiratory specimens, the following results were shown. Sixty-one pleural exudate specimens showed disappointing results (sensitivity, 20%). However, MTD performed well with another 77 nonrespiratory specimens; 17 samples were positive and 57 samples were negative by both MTD and culture. No false-negative results were found by MTD. Three MTD-positive, culture-negative specimens had high sample relative light unit/cutoff relative light unit ratios, strongly suggesting true tuberculosis. Positive microscopy and positive culture with MTD-negative results occurred 12 times. Those cultures showed atypical mycobacteria 11 times and Actinomyces species once. The stability of the reagents in the MTD kit was also assessed by testing reagents, including the enzyme mixture, kept at -70 degrees C for at least 6 months. No loss of activity was seen.
Sex differences in a transgenic rat model of Huntington's disease: decreased 17β-estradiol levels correlate with reduced numbers of DARPP32+ neurons in males (2008)

Recent clinical studies have highlighted that female sex hormones represent potential neuroprotective mediators against damage caused by acute and chronic brain diseases. This evidence has been confirmed by experimental studies documenting the protective role of female sex hormones both in vitro and in vivo, although these studies did not specifically focus on Huntington's disease (HD). We therefore investigated the onset and course of HD in female and male transgenic (tg) HD (CAG(n51)) and control rats across age and focused on three aspects: (i) behavioral and physiological alterations (energy expenditure, home-cage activity, emotional disturbance and motor dysfunction), (ii) morphological markers (numbers and characteristics of striatal DARPP32(+) medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) and dopamine receptor autoradiography) and (iii) peripheral sex hormone levels as well as striatal estrogen receptor expression. Independent of their sex, tgHD rats exhibited increased levels of food intake, elevated home-cage activity scores and anxiolytic-like behavior, whereas only males showed an impairment of motor function. In line with the latter finding, loss and atrophy of DARPP32(+) MSNs were apparent only in male tgHD rats. This result was associated with a decreased striatal dopamine D1 receptor density and lower plasma levels of 17beta-estradiol at the age of 14 months. As DARPP32(+) MSNs expressed both alpha- and beta-estrogen receptors and showed a correlation between cell numbers and 17beta-estradiol levels, our findings suggest sex-related differences in the HD phenotype pointing to a substantial neuroprotective effect of sex hormones and opening new perspectives on the therapy of HD.
Identification of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element and other cis-acting elements in the human androgen receptor gene promoter. (1994)

Androgen and androgen receptor (AR) play an important role in sexual differentiation and prostate proliferation. To investigate AR gene transcriptional regulation, a 2.3-kilobase AR gene promoter region was isolated, sequenced, and characterized. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay and sequence homology search of AR gene promoter among human, rat, and mouse revealed some potential cis-acting elements, including a GC box, a suppressor region, and a purine-rich element. Deletion analysis and gel retardation assay using a 50-base pair (bp) double-strand purine-rich element showed that this purine-rich element can bind to specific proteins in nuclear extract of LNCaP and HeLa cells and may be essential for AR gene transcription. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of cAMP on AR gene transcription, we treated LNCaP and HeLa cells with 10 mM (Bu)2cAMP after transfection with CAT gene reporter plasmids linked to the AR gene promoter. This treatment induced several folds of CAT activity in LNCaP cells only, and the induction was further confirmed at AR mRNA level by Northern blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. Deletion analysis of the AR gene promoter showed that a region between 530 bp and 380 bp upstream of AR gene transcription initiation site, which includes one potential cAMP response element (CRE), is responsible for cAMP induction. Gel retardation analysis using this CRE (AR/CRE1) showed that AR/CRE1 can bind to specific proteins in nuclear extract of LNCaP cells, which appears to form a different binding complex compared to somatostatin/CRE.
Behavior of rigid and deformable particles in deterministic lateral displacement devices with different post shapes (2015)

Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) devices have great potential for the separation and sorting of various suspended particles based on their size, shape, deformability, and other intrinsic properties. Currently, the basic idea for the separation mechanism is that the structure and geometry of DLDs uniquely determine the flow field, which in turn defines a critical particle size and the particle lateral displacement within a device. We employ numerical simulations using coarse-grained mesoscopic methods and two-dimensional models to elucidate the dynamics of both rigid spherical particles and deformable red blood cells (RBCs) in different DLD geometries. Several shapes of pillars, including circular, diamond, square, and triangular structures, and a few particle sizes are considered. The simulation results show that a critical particle size can be well defined for rigid spherical particles and depends on the details of the DLD structure and the corresponding flow field within the device. However, non-isotropic and deformable particles such as RBCs exhibit much more complex dynamics within a DLD device, which cannot properly be described by a single parameter such as the critical size. The dynamics and deformation of soft particles within a DLD device become also important, indicating that not only size sorting, but additional sorting targets (e.g., shape, deformability, internal viscosity) are possible.
Inhibition of C3 and IgG proteolysis enhances phagocytosis of Porphyromonas gingivalis. (1993)

In the face of an apparently competent immune response to Porphyromonas gingivalis, it is unclear how P. gingivalis evades the immune response and persists in human periodontitis. Particularly germane may be its ability to resist phagocytosis by degrading and not binding serum opsonins. In our study, the resistance by invasive (W83 and A7436) and noninvasive (ATCC 33277) P. gingivalis strains to phagocytosis by human neutrophils was compared with their C3- and IgG-proteolytic activity. The ability of opsonic human serum antibody to inhibit C3 proteolysis was also evaluated. Our results indicate that the more phagocytosis-resistant invasive strains accumulate less 125I-C3 than the noninvasive strain; moreover, invasive strains degrade complement C3 in a dose-dependent manner, inhibitable by rabbit antiserum or adult periodontitis serum. Opsonization and C3 accumulation on strain A7436 were both facilitated by pretreatment with rabbit antiserum, certain adult periodontitis sera, protease inhibitors (p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid, N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, diisopropylfluorophosphate), heat (60 degrees C, 15 min), and were Mg2+ dependent. The sera from 13 human subjects with or without periodontitis were assayed for antibody titers to P. gingivalis (ELISA units), opsonic activity (% of PMN engaged in phagocytosis) and enhancement of C3 accumulation. Statistically significant associations were observed between % of PMN engaged in phagocytosis and % C3 accumulation, between % of PMN engaged in phagocytosis and ELISA units and between % C3 accumulation and ELISA units. Degradation of purified rabbit IgG, but not specific antibody-containing rabbit IgG by P. gingivalis A7436 was observed, and was inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) or cold (2 degrees C). Our data suggest that C3 and IgG cleavage by P. gingivalis proteases are inhibitable by antibody and are contributory factors in, but are not the sole determinants of, phagocytosis resistance.
An Account of Opinion Implicatures (2014)

While previous sentiment analysis research has concentrated on the interpretation of explicitly stated opinions and attitudes, this work initiates the computational study of a type of opinion implicature (i.e., opinion-oriented inference) in text. This paper described a rule-based framework for representing and analyzing opinion implicatures which we hope will contribute to deeper automatic interpretation of subjective language. In the course of understanding implicatures, the system recognizes implicit sentiments (and beliefs) toward various events and entities in the sentence, often attributed to different sources (holders) and of mixed polarities; thus, it produces a richer interpretation than is typical in opinion analysis.
Silver nanoparticle polymer composite based humidity sensor (2010)

Silver nanoparticles were synthesised by a chemical reduction process in order to produce an aqueous colloidal dispersion. The resulting colloids were then characterised by a combination of UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and the nanoparticles were found to have an average diameter of 20-22 nm. The Ag/polymer nanocomposites were then applied to platinum interdigital electrodes as sensor coatings and the capability of the resulting sensor as a humidity detector investigated. With the application of 1 V, a current developed which was found to be directly proportional to humidity levels. The sensor gives a reversible, selective and rapid response which is proportional to levels of humidity within the range of 10% RH to 60% RH. An investigation into the mechanism of the sensor's response was conducted and the response was found to correlate well with a second order Langmuir adsorption model.
AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR WIDE AREA PROTECTION SYSTEM PROTECTION ZONE SELECTION (2005)

With the development and application of IT and communication in power system, numerical current differential protection system has been developed, which facilitate the wide area current differential protection system. An expert system is proposed to select primary and backup protection zone online with system configuration information available from SCADA system, the protection units of the same protection zone communicate with each other and the protected units can thus be protected with current differential protection. Knowledge representation and search strategy has been proposed and the expert system has been applied to select primary and backup protection zone for two cases of system configuration.
l-Glutamate as a Central Neurotransmitter: Looking Back (2000)

The high concentration in brain of unbound l-glutamic acid (in its anionic form, l-glutamate) fuelled considerable speculation as to its role in central nervous function more than 50 years ago. Claims in the 1940s that it could improve cognitive acuity in patients with mental impairment were particularly intriguing, though later refuted. In the early 1950s Hayashi [(1954) Keio J. Med. 3, 183-192] found that l-glutamate could cause convulsions and proposed that it might be a central synaptic transmitter. Soon thereafter, Curtis and colleagues [Curtis, Phillis and Watkins (1959) Nature (London) 183, 611] showed that l-glutamate depolarized and excited central neurons, as expected for an excitatory transmitter; however, various aspects of the action of l-glutamate seemed to argue strongly against a transmitter function. This negative view prevailed for some 20 years, before compelling evidence for such a role was adduced. Over the last two decades, extensive research has revealed a host of glutamate receptor subtypes, subserving several different functions in excitatory synaptic transmission. This paper gives a very brief and personal overview of the development of the field over the last 50 years from a mainly pharmacological standpoint.
Cell-free translation of a biologically active, antigen-specific suppressor T cell factor. (1982)

In vitro synthesis of an antigen-specific T cell suppressor factor (TsF) has been accomplished by using partially purified poly(A)-containing RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free translation system. The poly(A)-containing mRNA was isolated from a cloned T cell hybridoma that constitutively produces a TsF specific for the synthetic polypeptide antigen poly-(LGlu60LAla30LTyr10) (GAT). The RNA was fractionated by size and translated in vitro. The 16S RNA fraction stimulated synthesis of a biologically active protein that specifically suppressed both the GAT-specific antibody response by spleen cells in vitro and the proliferation response to GAT by lymph node T cells from GAT-primed mice. Further, the suppressor factor had a binding site for GAT, a determinant encoded by the I subregion of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and an apparent Mr 19,000 estimated by functional assays on protein separated by NadodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that virtually no posttranslational modifications (other than proteolytic cleavage) are necessary to obtain biologically active TsF. Hence, the presence of carbohydrate or other chemical groups does not contribute to either the serological properties of GAT-TsF or its biological properties.
Managing update conflicts in Bayou, a weakly connected replicated storage system (1995)

article Free Access Share on Managing update conflicts in Bayou, a weakly connected replicated storage system Authors: D. B. Terry Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CaliforniaView Profile , M. M. Theimer Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CaliforniaView Profile , Karin Petersen Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CaliforniaView Profile , A. J. Demers Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CaliforniaView Profile , M. J. Spreitzer Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CaliforniaView Profile , C. H. Hauser Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California Computer Science Laboratory, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CaliforniaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 29Issue 5Dec. 3, 1995 pp 172–182https://doi.org/10.1145/224057.224070Published:03 December 1995Publication History 644citation5,601DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations644Total Downloads5,601Last 12 Months585Last 6 weeks174 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Radioimmunotherapy of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: from clinical trials to clinical practice. (2002)

Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a new treatment modality for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Recent clinical trials have clearly established its efficacy in NHL patients refractory to standard chemotherapy or immunotherapy with the widely used unconjugated rituximab monoclonal antibody (mAb). The Food and Drug Administration has approved (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan anti-B-cell NHL mAb as the first commercially available radiolabeled antibody for cancer therapy. This comes only a few years after the introduction of rituximab into clinical practice as the first unconjugated antibody for cancer treatment, underscoring the success of both immunotherapy and RIT in the treatment of NHL. With the approval of (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan, and based on the results of numerous clinical trials with radiolabeled anti-B-cell NHL mAbs, RIT promises to become integral to nuclear medicine practice. In this article, the basic concepts of RIT are reviewed with important milestones in its development for B-cell NHL treatment and particular emphasis on phase II and III clinical trials establishing its efficacy in clearly defined patient populations. Finally, the prospects for the expected widespread clinical use of RIT in the management of B-cell NHL, alone or in combination with other more established therapies, are discussed. This article provides both investigative and clinical nuclear medicine physicians with a better understanding of RIT capabilities and limitations in B-cell NHL and their role as consultants in the care of NHL patients.
Production and characterization of antibody probes directed at constant regions of the α and β subunit of the human T cell receptor (1985)

To generate antibodies directed at constant regions of the human T cell receptor, purified alpha and beta subunits of a human T cell antigen/major histocompatibility complex receptor from the REX tumor (Ti-REX) were isolated by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and utilized to immunize rabbits. H36 (anti-alpha subunit) and H38 (anti-beta subunit) antisera were strongly reactive with the denatured subunits and also immunoprecipitated the Ti heterodimer from 125I surface-labeled lysates of REX, inducer, suppressor and cytotoxic T cell clones, peripheral T lymphocytes and thymocytes. Moreover, immunodepletion experiments showed that such antisera recognized antigenic determinant(s) shared by all Ti molecules expressed in the thymus. Several observations were made with these anticonstant region antibodies. First, peptide map analysis showed that the T cell receptor molecules recognized by the anti-clonotype and the anti-constant region heteroantisera on a given T cell clone are identical, thus supporting the view that the T cell receptor undergoes allelic exclusion. Second, since the individual antisera were weakly cross-reactive with the other denatured subunit, such subunits probably share conserved sequences. Third, the absence of antisera reactivity with intact cells implies that most of these constant region epitopes must be obscured by associated molecules, perhaps including one or more of the 20-25-kDa T3 subunits. Fourth, the extensive difference in two-dimensional peptide maps of Ti alpha subunits from clones of differing specificities makes it likely that the subunit contributes in a major way to antigen/major histocompatibility complex binding.
A Theory of Sensitized Luminescence in Solids (1953)

The term ``sensitized luminescence'' in crystalline phosphors refers to the phenomenon whereby an impurity (activator, or emitter) is enabled to luminesce upon the absorption of light in a different type of center (sensitizer, or absorber) and upon the subsequent radiationless transfer of energy from the sensitizer to the activator. The resonance theory of Förster, which involves only allowed transitions, is extended to include transfer by means of forbidden transitions which, it is concluded, are responsible for the transfer in all inorganic systems yet investigated. The transfer mechanisms of importance are, in order of decreasing strength, the overlapping of the electric dipole fields of the sensitizer and the activator, the overlapping of the dipole field of the sensitizer with the quadrupole field of the activator, and exchange effects. These mechanisms will give rise to ``sensitization'' of about 103−104, 102, and 30 lattice sites surrounding each sensitizer in typical systems. The dependence of transfer efficiency upon sensitizer and activator concentrations and on temperature are discussed. Application is made of the theory to experimental results on inorganic phosphors, and further experiments are suggested.
Interventional Cardiology (2011)

side branch (SB) occlusion occurs in 20% of cases. The plaque characteristics associated with SB occlusion after main vessel (MV) stent implantation are not known. We sought to identify the predictors of SB occlusion after MV stent implantation in bifurcation lesions using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Methods: Patients with de novo bifurcation lesions underwent CCTA before PCI. By defining SB occlusion as TIMI flow grade ≤2, we analyzed the CCTA plaque characteristics associated with SB occlusion. Results: Sixty-five patients were enrolled, and 12 patients (18%) had SB occlusion after MV stent implantation. Patients with SB occlusion had larger plaque thickness in the SB-side of the proximal MV (2.29±1.87 vs. 1.29±1.43 mm, p=0.043), larger plaque thickness in the non-carinal side of the SB ostium (1.43±1.18 vs. 0.51±0.65 mm, p=0.001), smaller lumen diameter in the SB ostium (1.24±0.74 vs. 1.87±0.71 mm, p=0.007), and higher diameter stenosis in the SB ostium (50.9±24.0% vs. 25.5±25.3%, p=0.002) compared with those without SB occlusion. The cutoff value of proximal MV plaque thickness was 2.69 mm (area under the curve [AUC], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.86), and of SB ostial diameter stenosis was 43% (AUC, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67–0.92). Lesions with plaque thickness in proximal MV >2.69 mm and SB ostial diameter stenosis >43% were associated with a 5-fold and 7-fold increased risk of SB occlusion, respectively. Conclusions: CCTA predictors of SB occlusion in bifurcation lesions are plaque thickness in the SB-side of the proximal MV, plaque thickness in the non-carinal side of the SB ostium, SB ostial lumen diameter and SB ostial diameter stenosis. These predictors might guide operators planning the optimal strategy for treating bifurcation lesions.