gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Side-effects from imatinib treatment of advanced GIST–associated with a better outcome (2012)

Introduction Gastrointestial stromal cell tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence is 7-15/100000, and about 50% are localized at the time of diagnosis [1,2]. GISTs are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation and the risk of localized peritoneal or metastatic relapse after tumor resection
Tailoring Properties of Cross-Linked Polyimide Aerogels for Better Moisture Resistance, Flexibility, and Strength (2012)

Combinations of rigid and flexible aromatic diamines were used to tailor the properties of octa(aminophenyl)-silsesquioxane (OAPS) cross-linked polyimide aerogels. 2,2'-Dimethylbenzidine (DMBZ) or p-phenylenediamine (PPDA) was used in combination with the more-flexible diamine, 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA). The amount of rigid diamine was varied from 0% to 100% of the total diamines in the backbone. The resulting aerogels vary in density, shrinkage, porosity, surface area, mechanical and thermal properties (depending on the type of diamine and the proportions of rigid diamine to flexible diamine used). Replacing ODA with PPDA increases shrinkage that occurs during gelation and processing, while increasing the DMBZ fraction decreases shrinkage. Replacing ODA with 50 mol% of DMBZ maintains the flexibility of thin films, while the moisture resistance of the aerogels is greatly improved.
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibition in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2010)

The inhibition of ALK in lung tumors with the ALK rearrangement resulted in tumor shrinkage or stable disease in most patients. (Funded by Pfizer and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00585195.).
Transdermal Dihydrotestosterone Treatment of 'Andropause' (1993)

Male ageing coincides on average with progressive impairment of testicular function. The most striking plasma changes are an increase in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and a decrease in non SHBG-bound testosterone, which is the only testosterone subfraction effectively bioavailable for target tissues. In healthy subjects the bioavailable testosterone declines by approximately 1% per year between 40 and 70 years but a more pronounced decline has been observed in non-healthy groups, especially in high cardiovascular risks groups. Relative androgen deficiency is likely to have unfavourable consequences on muscle, adipose tissue, bone, haematopoiesis, fibrinolysis, insulin sensitivity, central nervous system, mood and sexual function and might be treated by an appropriate androgen supplementation. The potential risk for prostate has been the main reason for limiting indications of such treatment. Testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are two potent androgens which have opposite effects regarding aromatase activity, an enzyme present in prostate stroma and suspected to have a pathogenic influence through local oestradiol synthesis. T is the main substrate for aromatase and oestradiol synthesis while DHT is not aromatizable and, at sufficient concentration, decreases T and oestradiol levels. A 1.8 years survey of 37 men aged 55-70 years treated with daily percutaneous DHT treatment suggested that high plasma levels of DHT (> 8.5 nmol/l) effectively induced clinical benefits while slightly but significantly reducing prostate size. Early stages of prostate hypertrophy require synergic stimulation by both DHT and oestradiol, and suppressing oestradiol instead of DHT seems easier and better adapted to the specific situation of aged hypogonadic men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hypermethylation of Tumor Suppressor Genes Involved in Critical Regulatory Pathways for Developing a Blood-Based Test in Breast Cancer (2011)

Our study suggests that the selected TSG panel combined with the high-throughput technology might be a useful tool to develop epigenetic based predictive and prognostic biomarker for breast cancer relying on pathologic methylation changes in tumor tissue, as well as in circulation.
Combined Targeting of BRAF and CRAF or BRAF and PI3K Effector Pathways Is Required for Efficacy in NRAS Mutant Tumors (2009)

Our data indicates that targeting oncogenic NRAS-driven melanomas require decrease in both pERK and pAKT downstream of RAS-effectors for efficacy. This can be achieved by either targeting both BRAF and CRAF or BRAF and PIK3CA simultaneously in NRAS mutant tumor cells.
Detection of Immunoglobulin G and A Antibodies to Rubella Virus in Urine and Antibody Responses to Vaccine-Induced Infection (1998)

Urine and serum samples from 89 healthy volunteers and three healthy individuals who underwent rubella vaccination were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM to rubella virus (RV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Subjects with positive (n = 68) or negative (n = 21) results for serum IgG were exactly the same as those with the corresponding results for urinary IgG. Both urinary and serum IgG levels remained elevated from the 3rd or 4th week after vaccination until the end of the study. Both urinary IgA and serum IgM levels tended to increase rapidly between the 3rd and 5th week and then gradually decrease until the end of the study, but the levels of both remained positive except for one sample each at the end (26th week). On the other hand, the ratio of anti-RV IgA titer to anti-RV IgG titer in urine (urinary anti-RV IgA/IgG ratio) increased rapidly between the 3rd and 4th week after vaccination and then rapidly returned to the ratio levels of the subjects positive for serum IgG from among the healthy volunteers. In summary, detection of urinary anti-RV IgG should be useful for screening for previous RV infection, and measurement of urinary anti-RV IgA/IgG ratio might be useful for diagnosing recent infection.
Comparative Results of Angioplasty and Aortofemoral Bypass in Patients With Symptomatic Iliac Disease (1987)

Advantages and limitations of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and aortofemoral bypass (AFB) performed for the treatment of iliac atherosclerosis were retrospectively studied in 61 patients who presented over a four-year period. Technical success was achieved in 92% and symptoms initially relieved in 80% of 25 patients who underwent 31 PTA procedures for iliac stenosis or occlusion. Similarly, 92% (33/36) of patients treated with AFP improved clinically. There were no operative deaths in either group or significant difference in the rate of major complications. During the follow-up period, symptoms recurred in nine PTA patients (36%) due to progressive (five patients) or recurrent (four patients) disease within the iliac vessels. Late failure of AFB (8%) was significantly less frequent. While both PTA and AFB provide satisfactory initial relief of ischemic symptoms due to iliac atherosclerosis, long-term results of PTA are limited by progressive or recurrent disease in the iliac vessels.
The effects of monounsaturated-fat enriched diet and polyunsaturated-fat enriched diet on lipid and glucose metabolism in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. (1996)

In free-living subjects with impaired glucose tolerance both the Mono-diet and the Poly-diet consumed after a saturated-fat enriched Run-in diet improved serum lipid profile and the Mono-diet seemed to improve glucose metabolism as well.
Socio-medical Characteristics of Coronary Disease in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the World (2011)

The data in this paper, based on the findings from other studies, suggest the importance of using a modified algorithm in order to estimates the overall risk of coronary disease in high-risk groups among the patients in the primary health care settings.
Influence of Salazosulphapyridine and 5-Aminosalicylic Acid on Seminal Qualities and Male Sex Hormones (1988)

Seminal abnormalities are a common side effect of salazosulphapyridine (SASP) treatment. We evaluated semen qualities and sex hormone concentrations in 11 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during SASP treatment and 4 months after replacing SASP with an oral slow-release preparation of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Significant improvement in sperm count (p less than 0.01), morphology (p less than 0.02), and motility (p less than 0.02) could be observed during 5-ASA therapy, in comparison with SASP treatment. Three pregnancies occurred during the study period. The serum concentrations of gonadotrophins, prolactin, and sex hormone-binding globulin were normal in all patients and not significantly different in the two treatment periods. The mean total testosterone concentration decreased significantly (p less than 0.02) after 5-ASA substitution, together with serum albumin (p less than 0.005), although all values remained within normal limits. The apparent free testosterone concentration was not significantly different in the two treatment periods. It is concluded that a significant improvement in semen quality can be obtained in male patients with IBD after replacing SASP with 5-ASA.
Antibody Induced by Immunization with the Jeryl Lynn Mumps Vaccine Strain Effectively Neutralizes a Heterologous Wild‐Type Mumps Virus Associated with a Large Outbreak (2008)

Recent mumps outbreaks in older vaccinated populations were caused primarily by genotype G viruses, which are phylogenetically distinct from the genotype A vaccine strains used in the countries affected by the outbreaks. This finding suggests that genotype A vaccine strains could have reduced efficacy against heterologous mumps viruses. The remote history of vaccination also suggests that waning immunity could have contributed to susceptibility. To examine these issues, we obtained consecutive serum samples from children at different intervals after vaccination and assayed the ability of these samples to neutralize the genotype A Jeryl Lynn mumps virus vaccine strain and a genotype G wild-type virus obtained during the mumps outbreak that occurred in the United States in 2006. Although the geometric mean neutralizing antibody titers against the genotype G virus were approximately one-half the titers measured against the vaccine strain, and although titers to both viruses decreased with time after vaccination, antibody induced by immunization with the Jeryl Lynn mumps vaccine strain effectively neutralized the outbreak-associated virus at all time points tested.
Nitroxyl (HNO) (2013)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01096043, NCT01092325.
Developments with Motion Magnification for Structural Modal Identification Through Camera Video (2015)

Non-contact measurement of the response of vibrating structures may be achieved using several different methods including the use of video cameras that offer flexibility in use and advantage in terms of cost. Videos can provide valuable qualitative information to an informed person, but quantitative measurements obtained using computer vision techniques are essential for structural assessment. Motion Magnification in videos refers to a collection of techniques that amplify small motions in videos in specified bands of frequencies for visualization, which can also be used to determine displacements of distinct edges of structures being measured. We will present recent developments in motion magnification for the modal identification of structures. A new algorithm based on the Riesz transform has been developed allowing for real-time application of motion magnification to normal-speed videos with similar quality to the previous computationally intensive phase-based algorithm. Displacement signals are extracted from strong edges in the video as a basis for the data necessary for modal identification. Methodologies for output-only modal analysis applicable to the large number of signals and short length signals are demonstrated on example videos of vibrating structures.
Does Mixing Pancreatic Enzyme Microspheres (Pancreaser) with Food Damage the Enteric Coating? (1982)

Supplemental pancreatic enzymes are required for the treatment of malabsorption associated with cystic fibrosis. It is a general practice for enzymes to be sprinkled on, or administered in, food given to infants or children who require pancreatic enzyme replacement. We tested the effect of in vitro incubation of enteric-coated pancreatic enzyme microspheres with infant foods on total recoverable enzyme activity and on the enteric coating. Incubation of enzyme beads with foods with pH greater than 5 (i.e., chicken pH 6.5, veal pH 6.3, and green beans pH 5.6) was without significant effect on either parameter. There was a statistically significant, albeit minor, reduction in maximum enzyme activity recovered following incubation with applesauce (pH 3.5). In addition, the thickness of the enteric coating was significantly reduced. Whether changes in the enzyme beads results in improved or diminished efficiency of therapy remains to be determined. Lipase, unprotected by enteric coating, was rapidly inactivated in applesauce, emphasizing the need to instruct parents about which foods to avoid when administering pancreatic enzymes without enteric coating.
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms — Risk of Rupture and Risks of Surgical Intervention (1998)

The likelihood of rupture of unruptured intracranial aneurysms that were less than 10 mm in diameter was exceedingly low among patients in group 1 and was substantially higher among those in group 2. The risk of morbidity and mortality related to surgery greatly exceeded the 7.5-year risk of rupture among patients in group 1 with unruptured intracranial aneurysms smaller than 10 mm in diameter.
Concentration Gradient Immunoassay. 2. Computational Modeling for Analysis and Optimization (2007)

A novel microfluidic surface-based competition immunoassay, termed the concentration gradient immunoassay (described in detail in a companion paper (Nelson, K.; Foley, J.; Yager, P. Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, 3542-3548.) uses surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging to rapidly measure the concentration of small molecules. To conduct this assay, antibody and analyte are introduced into the two inlets of a T-sensor (Weigl, B. H.; Yager, P. Science 1999, 283, 346-347. Kamholz, A. E.; Weigl, B. H.; Finlayson, B. A.; Yager, P. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 5340-5347). Several millimeters downstream, antibody molecules with open binding sites can bind to a surface functionalized with immobilized antigen. This space- and time-dependent binding can be sensitively observed using SPR imaging. In this paper, we describe a complex three-dimensional finite element model developed to better understand the dynamic processes occurring with this assay. The model shows strong qualitative agreement with experimental results for small-molecule detection. The model confirms the experimental finding that the position within the microchannel at which the antibody binds to the immobilized analyte may be used to quantify the concentration of analyte in the sample. In addition, the model was used to explore the sensitivity of assay performance to parameters such as antibody and analyte concentrations, thereby giving insight into ways to optimize analysis speed and accuracy. Given the experimental verification of the computational results, this model serves as an efficient method to explore the influence of the flow rate, microchannel dimensions, and antibody concentration on the sensitivity of the assay.
Dual Liquid Flyback Booster for the Space Shuttle (1998)

Liquid Flyback Boosters provide an opportunity to improve shuttle safety, increase performance, and reduce operating costs. The objective of the LFBB study is to establish the viability of a LFBB configuration to integrate into the shuffle vehicle and meet the goals of the Space Shuttle upgrades program. The design of a technically viable LFBB must integrate into the shuffle vehicle with acceptable impacts to the vehicle elements, i.e. orbiter and external tank and the shuttle operations infrastructure. The LFBB must also be capable of autonomous return to the launch site. The smooth integration of the LFBB into the space shuttle vehicle and the ability of the LFBB to fly back to the launch site are not mutually compatible capabilities. LFBB wing configurations optimized for ascent must also provide flight quality during the powered return back to the launch site. This paper will focus on the core booster design and ascent performance. A companion paper 'Conceptual Design for a Space Shuttle Liquid Flyback Booster' will focus on the flyback system design and performance. The LFBB study developed design and aerodynamic data to demonstrate the viability of a dual booster configuration to meet the shuttle upgrade goals, i.e. enhanced safety, improved performance and reduced operations costs.
Human Meibum Lipid Conformation and Thermodynamic Changes with Meibomian-Gland Dysfunction (2011)

Meibum lipid compositional changes with meibomian gland dysfunction reflect changes in hydrocarbon chain conformation and lipid-lipid interaction strength. Spectroscopic techniques are useful in studying the lipid-lipid interactions and conformation of lipid from individual patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00803452.).
Characterization of the receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor. (1990)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (vEGF) is a recently discovered mitogen for endothelial cells. It is also a potent angiogenic factor. We have characterized the vEGF receptors of endothelial cells using both binding and cross-linking techniques. Scatchard analysis of equilibrium binding experiments revealed two types of high-affinity binding sites on the cell surfaces of bovine endothelial cells. One of the sites has a dissociation constant of 10(-12) M and is present at a density of 3 x 10(3) receptors/cell. The other has a dissociation constant of 10(-11) M, with 4 x 10(4) receptors/cell. A high molecular weight complex containing 125I-vEGF is formed when 125I-vEGF is cross-linked to bovine endothelial cells. This complex has an apparent molecular mass of 225 kDa. Two other faintly labeled complexes with apparent molecular masses of 170 and 195 kDa also are detected. Reduction in the presence of dithiothreitol causes a substantial increase in the labeling intensity of the 170- and 195-kDa complexes, suggesting that these complexes are derived from the 225-kDa complex by reduction of disulfide bonds. The labeling of the vEGF receptors was inhibited by an excess of unlabeled vEGF but not by high concentrations of several other growth factors. Suramin and protamine, as well as several species of lectins, inhibited the binding. The expression of functional vEGF receptors was inhibited when the cells were preincubated with tunicamycin, indicating that glycosylation of the receptor is important for the expression of functional vEGF receptors. Pretreatment with swainsonine on the other hand, did not prevent formation of functional receptors. However, the mass of the 225-kDa complex is decreased by 20 kDa when 125I-vEGF is cross-linked to swainsonine-treated endothelial cells.
Candida kruseiproduces ethanol without production of succinic acid; a potential advantage for ethanol recovery by pervaporation membrane separation (2008)

The development of fermentative yeasts secreting no organic acids is highly desirable for ethanol production coupled with membrane separation processes, because the acidic byproduct, succinic acid, significantly inhibits the membrane permeation of ethanol. Of the Pichia and Candida yeasts tested, Candida krusei IA-1 showed the highest ethanol productivity [55 g L(-1) day(-1) from 150 g L(-1) (w/v) of glucose], comparable to the strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and produced much less of the acid (0.6 g L(-1) day(-1)) than the Saccharomyces strains (1.5-1.8 g L(-1) day(-1)) under semi-aerobic conditions. Interestingly, under aerobic conditions, strain IA-1 showed no production of the acid. Stain IA-1 exhibited a good assimilation of the acid, while S. cerevisiae NBRC 0216 showed no assimilation. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in strain IA-1 was 37.5 mU mg(-1), and 7.8-fold higher than that in S. cerevisiae strain NBRC 0216. More significantly, SDH1 was abundantly transcribed in strain IA-1, different from that in strain NBRC 0216, regardless of the culture conditions. From these results, C. krusei IA-1 efficiently takes up succinic acid and metabolizes it in the Krebs cycle, producing an extremely low level of byproducts in the culture medium. Therefore, C. krusei is not only a promising alternative to S. cerevisiae but also a suitable model for metabolic engineering of S. cerevisiae.
A review of rotating magnetic field current drive and the operation of the rotamak as a field-reversed configuration (Rotamak-FRC) and a spherical tokamak (Rotamak-ST) (1999)

The physics underlying the rotating magnetic field current drive technique is presented. The rotamak is a compact torus configuration having the unique and distinctive feature that the toroidal plasma current is driven in a steady-state, noninductive fashion by means of the application of a rotating magnetic field. In its basic form, the rotamak is operated as a field-reversed configuration (Rotamak-FRC). However, by means of a simple modification, a steady toroidal magnetic field can be added to the basic rotamak apparatus and the configuration then becomes that of a spherical tokamak (Rotamak-ST). The performance of a 50-liter rotamak device, both as an FRC and as an ST, is described. Toroidal currents of over 10.5 kA have been achieved with input powers of 300 kW (at 0.5 MHz). Hydrogen plasmas with ne≈7×1018 m−3 and Te≈35 eV have been obtained. The noteworthy reproducibility of the rotamak discharge has enabled the magnetic field lines of an ST to be directly reconstructed from experimental data for the first time. Attention is drawn to the fact that a fair evaluation of the rotamak concept requires experimentation at higher radio-frequency power levels than are presently available.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Clinical Activity of Inotuzumab Ozogamicin, a Novel Immunoconjugate for the Treatment of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Results of a Phase I Study (2010)

PURPOSE Inotuzumab ozogamicin (CMC-544) is an antibody-targeted chemotherapy agent composed of a humanized anti-CD22 antibody conjugated to calicheamicin, a potent cytotoxic agent. This was a phase I study to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and preliminary efficacy of inotuzumab ozogamicin in an expanded MTD cohort of patients with relapsed or refractory CD22(+) B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Inotuzumab ozogamicin was administered intravenously as a single agent once every 3 or 4 weeks at doses ranging from 0.4 to 2.4 mg/m(2). Outcomes included MTD, safety, pharmacokinetics, response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival. Results Seventy-nine patients were enrolled. The MTD was determined to be 1.8 mg/m(2). Common adverse events at the MTD were thrombocytopenia (90%), asthenia (67%), and nausea and neutropenia (51% each). The objective response rate at the end of treatment was 39% for the 79 enrolled patients, 68% for all patients with follicular NHL treated at the MTD, and 15% for all patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated at the MTD. Median PFS was 317 days (approximately 10.4 months) and 49 days for patients with follicular NHL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, respectively. CONCLUSION Inotuzumab ozogamicin has demonstrated efficacy against CD22(+) B-cell NHL, with reversible thrombocytopenia as the main toxicity.