gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of hematopoietic progenitors of macrophages and dendritic Langerhans cells (DL-CFU) in human bone marrow and peripheral blood (1990)

Colonies of cells with distinctive dendritic appearance were observed in methylcellulose cultures of human bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Such cells appeared alone in colonies of less than 50 cells, together with macrophages in mixed colonies and also within clusters of T lymphocytes at high culture cell numbers. The morphologic resemblance to lymphoid dendritic cells was confirmed by electron microscopy and the cells were distinguished from macrophages by immunoenzymatic and immunogold labeling with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Like macrophages they were HLA-DR+ and CD4+. However, they lacked nonspecific esterase and the macrophage cytoplasmic marker Y1/82A. Most strikingly, cells were strongly HLA-DQ+ and expressed CD1a (T6), which is characteristic of skin Langerhans cells. Their functional similarity to lymphoid dendritic cells was demonstrated by their ability to stimulate allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions. Dendritic cell colony numbers were estimated in both bone marrow and peripheral blood of controls and in leukemia and lymphoma patients before and after chemotherapy. Colony numbers were low in control blood and in patients before treatment (less than 1.0 to 3.7/10(5) cells). However, during hematopoietic recovery the mean value increased to 37.5/10(5) cells and this increase correlated closely with the observed increase in circulating colony forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) in individual patients. Autoradiographic studies demonstrated mitotic activity within CD1a+ colonies and a linear relationship between cultured cells and both pure and mixed colonies was consistent with their derivation from a single precursor. These data indicate that a novel hematopoietic progenitor of dendritic/Langerhans cells (DL-CFU) may now be identified in a clonal assay system and suggest a probable common progenitor for these cells and macrophages.
Endothelial TWIST1 Promotes Pathological Ocular Angiogenesis (2014)

Our study suggests that TWIST1 is a novel regulator of pathologic ocular angiogenesis and may represent a new molecular target for developing potential therapeutic treatments to suppress pathological neovascularization in vascular eye diseases.
EXPRESS (1977)

EXPRESS is an experimental prototype data translation system which can access a wide variety of data and restructure it for new uses. The system is driven by two very high level nonprocedural languages: DEFINE for data description and CONVERT for data restructuring. Program generation and cooperating process techniques are used to achieve efficient operation. This paper describes the design and implementation of EXPRESS. DEFINE and CONVERT are summarized and the implementation architecture presented. The DEFINE description is compiled into a customized PL/1 program for accessing source data. The restructuring specified in CONVERT is compiled into a set of customized PL/1 procedures to derive multiple target files from multiple input files. Job steps and job control statements are generated automatically. During execution, the generated procedures run under control of a process supervisor, which coordinates buffer management and handles file allocation, deallocation, and all input/output requests. The architecture of EXPRESS allows efficiency in execution by avoiding unnecessary secondary storage references while at the same time allowing the individual procedures to be independent of each other. Its modular structure permits the system to be extended or transferred to another environment easily.
Agent-mediated Internet advertising (2002)

After fewer than three years as an industry, Internet advertising has grown rapidly and is expected to command an even larger portion of advertisers' media budgets with the next decade. From the points of view of Internet advertisers, it will be very advantageous if Internet advertising can be automatically carried out. Software agent technology offers a new paradigm for advertising on the Internet. It can be used to automate several of the most time consuming stages of Internet advertising. This paper surveys the application trends of software agents in Internet advertising and proposes some solutions to these trends at the same time.
Über die chemischen und biologischen Eigenschaften einiger α‐Aminoketone (1950)

Abstract Es wird über die Eigenschaften einiger nach verschiedenen Methoden hergestellter α‐Aminoketone berichtet. Die Verbindungen zeigen z. T. im Regenerationstest an der Xenopuslarve eine bemerkenswerte Aktivität.
Association of the C−514T Polymorphism in the Hepatic Lipase Gene With Variations in Lipoprotein Subclass Profiles (2000)

Hepatic lipase is involved in the metabolism of several lipoproteins and has a key role in reverse cholesterol transport. A common C-to-T substitution at position -514 of the hepatic lipase promoter has been associated with variations in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and hepatic lipase activity. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of this polymorphism to lipoprotein levels in a population-based sample of 1314 male and 1353 female Framingham Offspring Study participants. In men and women, carriers of the -514T allele had higher HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI) concentrations compared with noncarriers. The higher HDL-C levels associated with the -514T allele was due to an increase in the HDL(2)-C subfraction, and this association was stronger in women compared with men (P=0.0043 versus 0.0517). To gain further understanding about the metabolic basis of these effects, HDL and low density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass profiles were measured by using automated nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gradient gel electrophoresis, respectively. The association of the -514T allele with higher HDL-C levels seen in men and women was primarily due to significant increases in the large HDL subfractions (size range 8.8 to 13.0 nm). In contrast, there was no relationship between the hepatic lipase polymorphism at position -514 and the LDL particle size distribution after adjustment for familial relationships, age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, use of beta-blockers, apoE genotype, and menopausal status and estrogen therapy in women. Moreover, multiple regression analyses suggested that the C-514T polymorphism contributed significantly to the variability of HDL particle size in men and women (P<0.04). Thus, our results show that the C-514T polymorphism in the hepatic lipase gene is associated with significant variations in the lipoprotein profile in men and women.
Distinct RNP Complexes of Shuttling hnRNP Proteins with Pre-mRNA and mRNA: Candidate Intermediates in Formation and Export of mRNA (2001)

Nascent pre-mRNAs associate with hnRNP proteins in hnRNP complexes, the natural substrates for mRNA processing. Several lines of evidence indicate that hnRNP complexes undergo substantial remodeling during mRNA formation and export. Here we report the isolation of three distinct types of pre-mRNP and mRNP complexes from HeLa cells associated with hnRNP A1, a shuttling hnRNP protein. Based on their RNA and protein compositions, these complexes are likely to represent distinct stages in the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling pathway of hnRNP A1 with its bound RNAs. In the cytoplasm, A1 is associated with its nuclear import receptor (transportin), the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein, and mRNA. In the nucleus, A1 is found in two distinct types of complexes that are differently associated with nuclear structures. One class contains pre-mRNA and mRNA and is identical to previously described hnRNP complexes. The other class behaves as freely diffusible nuclear mRNPs (nmRNPs) at late nuclear stages of maturation and possibly associated with nuclear mRNA export. These nmRNPs differ from hnRNPs in that while they contain shuttling hnRNP proteins, the mRNA export factor REF, and mRNA, they do not contain nonshuttling hnRNP proteins or pre-mRNA. Importantly, nmRNPs also contain proteins not found in hnRNP complexes. These include the alternatively spliced isoforms D01 and D02 of the hnRNP D proteins, the E0 isoform of the hnRNP E proteins, and LRP130, a previously reported protein with unknown function that appears to have a novel type of RNA-binding domain. The characteristics of these complexes indicate that they result from RNP remodeling associated with mRNA maturation and delineate specific changes in RNP protein composition during formation and transport of mRNA in vivo.
Expanding the genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (2012)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized clinically by rapidly progressive paralysis leading ultimately to death from respiratory failure. It is now recognized that ALS and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) form a clinical spectrum of disease with overlapping clinical, pathological and genetic features. This past year, the genetic causes of ALS have expanded to include mutations in the genes OPTN, VCP, and UBQLN2, and the hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72. The C9ORF72 repeat expansion solidifies the notion that ALS and FTLD are phenotypic variations of a disease spectrum with a common molecular etiology. Furthermore, the C9ORF72 expansion is the genetic cause of a substantial portion of apparently sporadic ALS and FTLD cases, showing that genetics plays a clear role in sporadic disease. Here we describe the progress made in the genetics of ALS and FTLD, including a detailed look at how new insights brought about by C9ORF72 have both broadened and unified current concepts in neurodegeneration.
Bandwidth Extension Techniques for CMOS Amplifiers (2006)

Inductive-peaking-based bandwidth extension techniques for CMOS amplifiers in wireless and wireline applications are presented. To overcome the conventional limits on bandwidth extension ratios, these techniques augment inductive peaking using capacitive splitting and magnetic coupling. It is shown that a critical design constraint for optimum bandwidth extension is the ratio of the drain capacitance of the driver transistor to the load capacitance. This, in turn, recommends the use of different techniques for different capacitance ratios. Prototype wideband amplifiers in 0.18-mum CMOS are presented that achieve a measured bandwidth extension ratio up to 4.1 and simultaneously maintain high gain (>12 dB) in a single stage. Even higher enhancement ratios are shown through the introduction of a modified series-peaking technique combined with staggering techniques. Ultra-wideband low-noise amplifiers in 0.18-mum CMOS are presented that exhibit bandwidth extension ratios up to 4.9
Evidence for a Frontoparietal Control System Revealed by Intrinsic Functional Connectivity (2008)

Two functionally distinct, and potentially competing, brain networks have been recently identified that can be broadly distinguished by their contrasting roles in attention to the external world versus internally directed mentation involving long-term memory. At the core of these two networks are the dorsal attention system and the hippocampal-cortical memory system, a component of the brain's default network. Here spontaneous blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal correlations were used in three separate functional magnetic resonance imaging data sets (n = 105) to define a third system, the frontoparietal control system, which is spatially interposed between these two previously defined systems. The frontoparietal control system includes many regions identified as supporting cognitive control and decision-making processes including lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and inferior parietal lobule. Detailed analysis of frontal and parietal cortex, including use of high-resolution data, revealed clear evidence for contiguous but distinct regions: in general, the regions associated with the frontoparietal control system are situated between components of the dorsal attention and hippocampal-cortical memory systems. The frontoparietal control system is therefore anatomically positioned to integrate information from these two opposing brain systems.
Low Affinity IgE Receptors: Regulation and Functional Roles in Cell Activation (2007)

The low affinity IgE receptors (Fc epsilon RII/CD23) homologous to animal lectins have the unique property of cleaving-off the extracytoplasmic portion as the soluble form (IgE binding factor; IgE-BF). Molecular analysis using Fc epsilon RII/CD23 cDNA proved that Fc epsilon RII is not unique to B lymphocytes but is expressed on a variety of cell lineages including T lymphocytes, macrophages and eosinophils. In these cell types, IL-4 is a general inducer of this molecule while IFN-gamma down-regulates B cell Fc epsilon RII/CD23 and up-regulates Fc epsilon RII/CD23 on macrophage and eosinophil cell lines. As predicted by the expression of Fc epsilon RII/CD23 in some HTLV-1(+) T cell lines, Fc epsilon RII/CD23 proved to be induced on normal peripheral T lymphocytes by IL-4 or IL-2 in the presence of additional permissive signals. As indicated by IL-2-dependent Fc epsilon RII/CD23 induction, there is an interesting bilateral co-regulation between Fc epsilon RII/CD23 and the 55 kDa chain of the IL-2 receptor complex with Tac antigen (IL-2R/p55(Tac]. Triggering of Fc epsilon RII/CD23 resulted in the enhanced expression of IL-2R/p55(Tac), whereas IL-2 enhanced the expression of Fc epsilon RII/CD23 in some systems. It is suggested that the triggering of cell surface Fc epsilon RII/CD23 by natural ligands is effectively buffered by soluble Fc epsilon RII/CD23 (IgE-BF).
Di-Substituted Cyclohexyl Derivatives Bind to Two Identical Sites with Positive Cooperativity on the Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel, Kv1.3 (2003)

Di-substituted cyclohexyl (DSC) derivatives inhibit the voltage-gated potassium channel, K(v)1.3, and have immunosuppressant activity (Schmalhofer et al. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 7781-7794). This class of inhibitors displays Hill coefficients of near 2 in functional assays, and trans DSC analogues appear to selectively interact with K(v)1.3 channel conformations related to C-type inactivation. To further understand the details of the DSC inhibitor interaction with potassium channels, trans-1-(N-n-propylcarbamoyloxy)-4-phenyl-4-(3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-2-azaprop-1-yl)cyclo-hexane (trans-NPCO-DSC) was radiolabeled with tritium, and its binding characteristics to K(v)1.3 channels were determined. Specific binding of [(3)H]-trans-NPCO-DSC to K(v)1.3 channels is a saturable, time-dependent, and fully reversible process. Saturation binding isotherms and competition binding experiments are consistent with the presence of two receptor sites for DSC derivatives on the K(v)1.3 channel that display positive allosteric cooperativity. The high affinity interaction of [(3)H]-trans-NPCO-DSC with K(v)1.3 channels appears to correlate with the rates of C-type inactivation of the channel. These data, taken together, mark the first demonstration of the existence of multiple binding sites for an inhibitor of an ion channel and suggest that the high affinity interaction of trans-NPCO-DSC and similar inhibitors with K(v)1.3 channels could be exploited for the development of selective molecules that target this protein.
Innate Immune Recognition of Viruses and Viral Vectors (2009)

Recombinant viral vectors such as adenovirus and adenovirus-associated virus have been used widely as vehicles for gene therapy applications because of the high efficiency with which they transfer genes into a wide spectrum of cells in vivo. However, enthusiasm for the use of viral vectors in gene therapy has been tempered by significant problems of attendant host cellular and humoral immune responses that limit their safety and efficacy in vivo. Advances in immunology have suggested a crucial role for the innate immune system in the induction of immune responses to viruses. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which the host's innate immune system recognizes viruses and viral vectors will help in the design of effective strategies to improve the outcome of viral vector-mediated gene therapy. In this review we first discuss our current understanding of innate immune recognition of viruses in general, and then focus on the innate immune responses to viral vectors for gene therapy.
Plasma heparin: a unique, practical, submicrogram-sensitive assay. (1973)

Abstract A unique quantitative assay for heparin is described. It can detect as little as 0.01 unit (10 −1 μg) heparin per milliliter plasma. The assay is based on the original observation of the accelerating effect of trace amounts of heparin on the neutralization of activated factor X by its plasma inhibitor and has both a specificity and a sensitivity greater than those of the whole blood clotting time or the activated partial thromboplastin time. The reagents employed are easily prepared, the entire test can be completed in less than 5 minutes on plasma samples, and can be performed either manually or with the use of automatic clot timers. The assay can be used to measure plasma heparin during and following cardiopulmonary bypass, during therapeutic heparin administration in large and small doses intravenously and subcutaneously, and to document the antithrombotic response to minidose heparin prophylaxis of venous thrombosis
Logic control of microfluidics with smart colloid (2010)

We report the successful realization of a microfluidic chip with switching and corresponding inverting functionalities. The chips are identical logic control components incorporating a type of smart colloid, giant electrorheological fluid (GERF), which possesses reversible characteristics via a liquid-solid phase transition under external electric field. Two pairs of electrodes embedded on the sides of two microfluidic channels serve as signal input and output, respectively. One, located in the GERF micro-channel is used to control the flow status of GERF, while another one in the ither micro-fluidic channel is used to detect the signal generated with a passing-by droplet (defined as a signal droplet). Switching of the GERF from the suspended state (off-state) to the flowing state (on-state) or vice versa in the micro-channel is controlled by the appearance of signal droplets whenever they pass through the detection electrode. The output on-off signals can be easily demonstrated, clearly matching with GERF flow status. Our results show that such a logic switch is also a logic IF gate, while its inverter functions as a NOT gate.
A 10,000 Frames/s 0.18 μm CMOS Digital Pixel Sensor with Pixel-Level Memory (2001)

In a Digital Pixel Sensor (DPS), each pixel has an ADC, all ADCs operate in parallel, and digital data is directly read out of the image sensor array as in a conventional digital memory [1]. The DPS architecture offers several advantages over analog image sensors including better scaling with CMOS technology due to reduced analog circuit performance demands and the elimination of column fixed-pattern noise and column readout noise. With an ADC per pixel, massively parallel conversion and high-speed digital readout become possible, completely eliminating analog readout bottlenecks. This benefits traditional high speed imaging applications and enables new imaging enhancement capabilities such as multiple sampling for increasing sensor dynamic range [2]. Achieving acceptable pixel sizes using DPS, however, requires the use of a 0.18 μm or below CMOS process, which is challenging due to reduced supply voltages and increased leakage currents [3].
Comparison of the human and mouse genes encoding the telomeric protein, TRF1: chromosomal localization, expression and conserved protein domains (1997)

Mammalian chromosome ends contain long arrays of TTAGGG repeats that are complexed to a telomere specific protein, the TTAGGG repeat binding factor, TRF1. Here we describe the characterization of genes encoding the human and mouse TRF1 proteins, hTRF1 and mTRF1. The mTRF1 cDNA was isolated based on sequence similarity to the hTRF1 cDNA and the mTRF1 mRNA was shown to be ubiquitously expressed as a single 1.9 kb polyadenylated transcript in mouse somatic tissues. High levels of a 2.1 kb transcript were found in testes. &lt;it&gt;In vitro&lt;/it&gt; translation of the mTRF1 cDNA resulted in a 56 kDa protein that binds to TTAGGG repeat arrays. mTRF1 displayed the same sequence specificity as hTRF1, preferring arrays of TTAGGG repeats as a binding substrate over TTAGGC and TTGGGG repeats. Expression of an epitope-tagged version of mTRF1 showed that the protein is located at the ends of murine metaphase chromosomes. In agreement, conceptual translation indicated that mTRF1 and hTRF1 are similarly-sized proteins with nearly identical C-terminal Myb-related DNA binding motifs. In addition, comparison of the predicted mTRF1 and hTRF1 amino acid sequences showed that the acidic nature of the N-terminus of TRF1 is conserved and revealed a highly conserved novel domain of ∼200 amino acids in the middle of the proteins. However, other regions of the proteins are poorly conserved (&lt;35% identity) and the overall level of identity of the mTRF1 and hTRF1 amino acid sequences is only 67%. The TRF1 genes are not syntenic; the hTRF1 gene localized to human chromosome 8 band q13 while the mTRF1 gene localized to mouse chromosome 17 bandE3. The data indicate that the genes for mammalian telomeric proteins evolve rapidly.
Smart Nanomaterials Inspired by Biology: Dynamic Assembly of Error-Free Nanomaterials in Response to Multiple Chemical and Biological Stimuli (2007)

Three-dimensional functional nanoscale assembly requires not only self-assembly of individual nanomaterials responsive to external stimuli, such as temperature, light, and concentrations, but also directed assembly of many different nanomaterials in one-pot responsive to multiple internal stimuli signaling the needs for such materials at a specific location and a particular time. The use of functional DNA (DNAzymes, aptamers, and aptazymes) to meet these challenges is reviewed. In addition, a biology-inspired proof-reading and error correction method is introduced to cope with errors in nanomaterials assembly.
Synthesis of D‐Erythro‐ and D‐Threo‐Sphingosine Derivatives From L‐Serine (1988)

Abstract The protected serine aldehyde 10 was converted to the crystalline N ‐Boc‐protected sphingosines 6 – 9 by a three‐step reaction sequence. Compound 10 was transformed with high diastereoselectivity (95%) either to the erythro ‐ or threo ‐alkynols, 17 and 18 , respectively. The erythro ‐isomer 17 is formed by the addition to 10 of lithium pentadecyne 16 in THF/HMPT at −78°, whereas the corresponding threo ‐isomer 18 is produced in the presence of ZnBr 2 in Et 2 O. Deprotection of the acetal moiety afforded 1,3‐diols 19 and 20 . These diols were selectively reduced with Red‐Al to the (E) ‐sphingosines 6 and 8 , or the (Z) ‐isomers 7 and 9 by partial hydrogenation over Lindlar's catalyst. Cleavage of the N ‐Boc group and further transformation to ceramides were readily achieved as demonstarted by the conversion of 6 to N ‐octadecanoyl‐ D ‐ erythro ‐sphingosine 5 .