gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motion video coding in CCITT SGXV-the video multiplex and transmission coding (2003)

In 1985-8 the CCITT specialists group on coding for visual telephony investigated a codec for videoconferencing and visual telephony at bit rates n*384 kb/s (n=1, . . ., 5) and down to 64 kb/s. The authors describe the video multiplex coder, which performs block addressing, video data encoding, formatting and serialization, video synchronization, motion vector coding, and insertion of side channels for indication of dynamic coding parameters. The transmission multiplex coder, which assembles the encoded video, audio, data and end-to-end signaling information and provides the user-to-network interface, is also considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Contribution of Specific Pneumococcal Serogroups to Different Disease Manifestations: Implications for Conjugate Vaccine Formulation and Use, Part II (2000)

To assess whether certain serogroups of Streptococcus pneumoniae are preferentially associated with specific disease manifestations, we analyzed all recent pneumococcal disease studies and assessed the relative frequency of isolation of each serogroup by clinical site (as a proxy for different disease states). In all age groups, serogroups 1 and 14 were more often isolated from blood, and serogroups 6, 10, and 23 were more often isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); in young children, serogroups 3, 19, and 23 were more often isolated from middle ear fluid (MEF). Serogroups represented in conjugate vaccines were isolated slightly less frequently from CSF than from blood or MEF. Nonetheless, serogroups in the 9-valent conjugate vaccine formulation still comprised approximately 75% of pneumococcal isolates from the CSF of young children in Europe and in the United States and Canada. These analyses indicate that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines could potentially prevent a substantial proportion of episodes of bacteremic disease, pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media, especially in young children.
The impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its structural analogs on gene expression in cancer cells--a microarray approach. (2009)

The active form of vitamin D3, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], is an important regulator of bone metabolism, calcium and phosphate homeostasis but also has potent antiproliferative and pro-differentiating effects on a wide variety of cell types. To identify key genes that are (directly) regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3, a large number of microarray studies have been performed on different types of cancer cells (prostate, breast, ovarian, colorectal, squamous cell carcinoma and leukemia). The variety of target genes identified through these studies reflects the pleiotropic action of 1,25(OH)2D3. Common cellular processes targeted by 1,25(OH)2D3 in the different cancer cell lines include cell cycle progression, apoptosis, cellular adhesion, oxidative stress, immune function and steroid metabolism. Upon comparison of the lists of genes regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 in the different microarray studies, only a small set of individual genes were commonly regulated, among which are included 24-hydroxylase, growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide and multiple cyclins.
Regulation of Human Renin mRNA Expression and Protein Release in Transgenic Mice (1996)

The renin-angiotensin system plays a major role in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis in mammals. In this study, we subjected transgenic mice containing a human renin genomic construct to a variety of pharmacological and physiological manipulations to test whether expression of the human renin gene and release of active human renin in appropriately regulated in this model. These manipulations were designed to test major regulators of renin release, including angiotensin II, the macula densa, renal perfusion pressure, and beta-adrenergic receptors. We used human plasma renin concentration and human renal renin mRNA levels to document the response of the transgene to these stimuli. Human plasma renin concentration increased in response to both angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with captopril and isoproterenol and decreased after a high salt diet. A low salt or sodium-deficient diet did not stimulate renin release. Human renin mRNA levels in kidney increased after captopril but were unchanged in the other experimental groups. We also measured the levels of human renin mRNA in double transgenic mice containing the same human renin gene in addition to the human angiotensinogen gene. These mice are chronically hypertensive and have increased circulating levels of angiotensin II. Human renin mRNA levels in the kidney were paradoxically elevated compared with their single transgenic normotensive counterparts. These transgenic mice provide a model for examination of human renin regulation and may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms that regulate the gene in response to physiological cues.
Wine Flavonoids Protect against LDL Oxidation and Atherosclerosis (2002)

We have previously shown that consumption of red wine, but not of white wine, by healthy volunteers, resulted in the enrichment of their plasma LDL with flavonoid antioxidants such as quercetin, the potent free radicals scavenger flavanol, which binds to the LDL via a glycosidic ether bond. This phenomenon was associated with a significant three-fold reduction in copper ion-induced LDL oxidation. The ineffectiveness of flavonoid-poor white wine could be overcome by grape's skin contact for 18 hours in the presence of alcohol, which extracts grape's skin flavonoids. Recently, we observed that the high antioxidant potency of Israeli red wine could be related to an increased content of flavonols, which are very potent antioxidants and their biosynthesis is stimulated by sunlight exposure. To find out the effect (and mechanisms) of red wine consumption on atherosclerosis, we used the apo E deficient (E(0)) mice. In these mice, red wine consumption for two months resulted in a 40% decrement in basal LDL oxidation, a similar decrement in LDL oxidizability and aggregation, a 35% reduction in lesion size, and a marked attenuation in the number and morphology of lesion's macrophage foam cells. Red wine consumption resulted in accumulation of flavonoids in the mouse macrophages and these cells oxidized LDL and took up LDL about 40% less than macrophages from placebo-treated mice. Finally, the activity of serum paraoxonase (which can hydrolyze specific lipid peroxides in oxidized LDL and in atherosclerotic lesions) was significantly increased following consumption of red wine by E(0) mice. Red wine consumption thus acts against the accumulation of oxidized LDL in lesions as a first line of defense (by a direct inhibition of LDL oxidation), and as a second line of defense (by paraoxonase elevation and removal of atherogenic lesion's and lipoprotein's oxidized lipids).
Hydrocarbon oxidations with oxometalloporphinates. Isolation and reactions of a (porphinato)manganese(V) complex (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrocarbon oxidations with oxometalloporphinates. Isolation and reactions of a (porphinato)manganese(V) complexJohn T. Groves, William J. Kruper Jr., and Robert C. HaushalterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 20, 6375–6377Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00540a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00540a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1850Altmetric-Citations343LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel T-cell bispecific antibody platform for efficient T-cell mediated killing of tumor cells with minimal cytokine release. (2018)

209 Background: Bispecific antibodies that recruit cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells are popular due to their targeted mechanism of action. Despite their attractiveness, there are limitations in the clinic due to undesirable toxicities associated with cytokine release. We describe here a platform for generation of a large collection of human anti-CD3 antibodies obtained from custom transgenic rats. Combining these unique anti-CD3 arms with different tumor targeting arms enables creation of bispecific antibodies of varying tumor cell killing capability. These anti-CD3 arms were combined with tumor antigen binding arms, namely, an anti-BCMA arm for multiple myeloma therapy, or an anti-CD22 arm for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy. Methods: Our platform utilizes a discovery approach involving antibody repertoire deep sequencing, high-throughput gene assembly, and recombinant expression, generating a highly diverse panel of antibodies with varying affinities. The CD3 antibodies were tested in in vitro T cell assays using human PBMCs to measure activation and cytokine release. Bispecific antibodies were evaluated for their ability to kill target cell lines upon co-culture with primary human PBMCs. The in vivo efficacy of bispecific antibodies was evaluated in a xenograft mouse model. Results: The in vitro T cell activity of these antibodies as measured by interleukin-2, interferon gamma levels and upregulation of the activation marker CD69 covered a broad spectrum of EC50 values. In co-culture systems with human PBMCs, anti-BCMA or anti-CD22 bispecific antibodies potently killed their respective target expressing cells with varying strengths. Additionally, the cytokine release from T cell activation correlated with the affinity of the anti-CD3 arms. The in vivo efficacy of the bispecific antibodies in a xenograft model with human PBMCs transferred into NSG mice showed striking tumor clearance at a wide range of doses. Conclusions: Our platform is highly suitable for creation of an extensive collection of bispecific antibodies for a variety of disease models by selecting the ideal anti-CD3 arm for each unique tumor antigen binding arm.
Syntheses via 2-oxazolines. II. Versatile synthesis of aliphatic carboxylic acids and esters. Mono-and dialkylation of acids masked by a simple protecting group (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses via 2-oxazolines. II. Versatile synthesis of aliphatic carboxylic acids and esters. Mono-and dialkylation of acids masked by a simple protecting groupAlbert I. Meyers and Davis L. Temple Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 22, 6644–6646Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00725a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00725a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1172Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Density Fiber-Optic Genosensor Microsphere Array Capable of Zeptomole Detection Limits (2002)

The detection limit of a fiber-optic microsensor array was investigated for simultaneous detection of multiple DNA sequences. A random array composed of oligonucleotide-functionalized 3.1-microm-diameter microspheres on the distal face of a 500-microm etched imaging fiber was monitored for binding to fluorescently labeled complementary DNA sequences. Inherent sensor redundancy in the microarray allows the use of multiple microspheres to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, further enhancing the detection capabilities. Specific hybridization was observed for each of three sequences in an array yielding a detection limit of 10(-21) mol (approximately 600 DNA molecules).
Cytotoxic T Cell and Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope with a Combination Vaccine Regimen (1998)

Effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccination may require induction of neutralizing antibodies (NAs) and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to prevent transmission and control early infection. Recombinant envelope proteins induce NAs but rarely CD8+ CTL responses, and vaccinia vectors containing HIV-1 envelope elicit CD8+ cytotoxicity but few NAs. To benefit from both approaches, 56 vaccinia-naive subjects were randomized to a regimen of priming with recombinant vaccinia gp160LAI and boosting with recombinant gp120SF-2, gp120LAI, gp120MN, or gp160MN. Of 51 persons for whom assays were done, 26 demonstrated envelope-specific CTL. Boosting with gp120, compared with gp160, elicited significantly more NAs and CD4-blocking antibodies. Neutralization of the homologous and heterologous HIV-1 laboratory strains occurred in all subjects receiving vac/env and gp120 and was detectable in 91% of the subjects for >6 months. Thus, vaccine regimens in which one component elicits primarily CTL and the other NAs offer promise for the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine strategy.
Interaction of the Transcriptional Activator Stat-2 with the Type I Interferon Receptor (1995)

Binding of interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) to the multisubunit type I IFN receptor (IFNR) induces activation of the Tyk-2 and Jak-1 kinases and tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple signaling elements, including the Stat proteins that form the ISGF3 alpha complex. Although Jak kinases are required for IFN alpha-dependent activation of Stats, the mechanisms by which Stats interact with these kinases are not known. We report that Stat-2 associates with beta s subunit of the type I IFN receptor in an interferon-dependent manner. This association is rapid, occurring within 1 min of interferon treatment of cells, and is inducible by various type I (alpha, beta, omega) but not type II (gamma) IFNs. The kinetics of Stat-2-IFNR association are similar to the kinetics of phosphorylation of Stat-2, suggesting that during its binding to the type I IFNR, Stat 2 acts as a substrate for interferon-dependent tyrosine kinase activity. These findings support the hypothesis that the type I IFNR acts as an adaptor, linking Stat proteins to Jak kinases. Interaction of Stat-2 with the beta s subunit of the type I IFNR may be a critical signaling event, required for the formation of the ISGF3 alpha complex and downstream transcription of interferon-stimulated genes.
Laser beam shaping and mode conversion in optical fibers (2011)

A new class of all-fiber beam shaping devices has been realized by inverse etching the end face of single mode and multimode fibers to form a concave cone tip. Concave tip fiber can convert a Gaussian beam profile to a flat top beam profile with a uniform intensity distribution. A flat top beam with intensity variation of approx. 5% and flat top diameter to spot diameter ratio of 67% has been achieved. This device can also change the beam shape from a Gaussian to a donut by moving the observation plane. A flat top multimode fiber beam delivery is attractive for applications which require high power and uniform intensity distribution. In single mode fiber, concave tips could be used to reduce the beam spot size diameter, enabling efficient light coupling from a single mode fiber to an integrated optical waveguide.
Reliable Multiple Object Tracking under Heavy Occlusions (2010)

Tracking multiple objects in surveillance scenarios involves considerable difficulty because of occlusions. We report a novel tracker -- based on reliability tracking -- that demonstrates superior performance under high degrees of occlusion. In our method, distinguishable features between the target and non-target are represented as the object’s reliability. When the selected features are no longer reliable for sake of occlusions, the proposed method should select a new feature with more reliability by its corresponding region’s status. We present results from PETS 2006 dataset with many objects in the scene at any instant. Experimental results show that our method is robust when tracking objects during partial and serious occlusions. The object’s discriminability in appearance model is well maintained when interaction among other objects occurs.
Purification and Properties of a Microsomal Enzyme System Catalyzing the Reactivation of Reduced Ribonuclease and Lysozyme (1964)

In this follow-up to an earlier article, Anfinsen, Goldberger, and Epstein reported solubilization and partial purification
 of the active microsomal protein, and described some of the properties of the soluble system. This and other studies
 seemed to make clear that the integrity of microsomes as organized particles was not required for catalyzing the reactivation
 of the reduced forms of ribonuclease and lysozyme. Their findings suggested that the microsomal system might function to
 facilitate the conversion of at least two different polypeptide chains to the corresponding native proteins during the synthesis
 of most proteins containing disulfide bonds.
Prevention of biofilm formation by polymer modification (1995)

Bacterial biofilm formation on synthetic polymers plays an important role in industry and in modern medicine, leading, for example, to difficult-to-treat infections caused by colonized foreign bodies. Prevention of biofilm formation is a necessary step in the successful prophylaxis of such infections. One approach is to inhibit bacterial adherence by polymer surface modification. We have investigated polymer modification by glow discharge treatment in order to study the influence of the modified surface on bacterial adherence. Surface roughness, surface charge density and contact angles of the modified polymers were determined and related to the adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis KH6. Although no influence of surface roughness and charge density on bacterial adherence was noticed, a correlation between the free enthalpy of adhesion (estimated from contact angle measurements) and adherence was observed. There seems to exist a certain minimum bacterial adherence, independent of the nature of the polymer surface. Modified polymers with negative surface charge allow for bacterial adherence close to the adherence minimum. These polymers could be improved further by the ionic bonding of silver ions to the surface. Such antimicrobial polymers are able to prevent bacterial colonization, which is a prerequisite for biofilm formation. It is suggested that modification of polymers and subsequent surface coupling of antimicrobials might be an effective approach for the prevention of bacterial biofilm formation.
Crystal structure of FimH in complex with a tetraflourinated biphenyl alpha D-mannoside (2018)

Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious concern for the treatment of urinary tract infections. In this context, an anti-adhesive approach targeting FimH, a bacterial lectin enabling the attachment of E. coli to host cells, has attracted considerable interest. FimH can adopt a low/medium-affinity state in the absence and a high-affinity state in the presence of shear forces. Until recently, mostly the high-affinity state has been investigated, despite the fact that a therapeutic antagonist should bind predominantly to the low-affinity state. In this communication, we demonstrate that fluorination of biphenyl α-d-mannosides leads to compounds with perfect π-π stacking interactions with the tyrosine gate of FimH, yielding low nanomolar to sub-nanomolar K<sub>D</sub> values for the low- and high-affinity states, respectively. The face-to-face alignment of the perfluorinated biphenyl group of FimH ligands and Tyr48 was confirmed by crystal structures as well as <sup>1</sup> H,<sup>15</sup> N-HSQC NMR analysis. Finally, fluorination improves pharmacokinetic parameters predictive for oral availability.
A Novel Via-fuse Technology Featuring Highly Stable Blow Operation with Large On-off Ratio for 32nm Node and Beyond (2007)

We have developed a novel e-fuse technology utilizing a Cu-via for the first time. Due to its unique structure and crack-assisted mechanism, void formation locations can be effectively confined to the via-metal interface, enabling highly stable operation as well as a large on-off ratio of 7 orders of magnitude. We have confirmed a sub-10 ppm initial-failure rate and a sub-20 ppm failure rate after thermal stability test equivalent to the thermal stress during the practical packaging process. We believe that this technology is indispensable for the 32 nm technology node and beyond, where metal material is commonly used as a poly-gate, rendering it unsuitable for fuse devices.
Alternative Splicing and Neuritic mRNA Translocation Under Long-Term Neuronal Hypersensitivity (2002)

To explore neuronal mechanisms underlying long-term consequences of stress, we studied stress-induced changes in the neuritic translocation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) splice variants. Under normal conditions, we found the synaptic AChE-S mRNA and protein in neurites. Corticosterone, anticholinesterases, and forced swim, each facilitated a rapid (minutes), yet long-lasting (weeks), shift from AChE-S to the normally rare AChE-R mRNA, promoted AChE-R mRNA translocation into neurites, and induced enzyme secretion. Weeks after stress, electrophysiological measurements in hippocampus slices displayed apparently normal evoked synaptic responses but extreme hypersensitivity to both anticholinesterases and atropine. Our findings suggest that neuronal hypersensitivity under stress involves neuritic replacement of AChE-S with AChE-R.
Cytogenetics of Burkitt's lymphoma-leukaemia: a review. (1985)

Two types of chromosomal abnormality have been found in Burkitt's lymphoma-leukaemia. Three specific translocations, t(8;14), t(8;22) and t(2;8), having in common 8q24 band involvement, are thought to be present in the overwhelming majority of cases. These stereotyped translocations have been shown in many cases to be related to DNA molecular rearrangements of the immunoglobulin genes and the c-myc oncogene. Secondary chromosomal abnormalities, some of them nonrandom, have also been described. Their possible relation to other oncogene involvement and to the Epstein-Barr virus genome is discussed.