gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Possible DNA-binding Nature of the Regulatory Proteins, Encoded by spoIID and gerE, Involved in the Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis (1987)

The predicted polypeptide products of two genes, spoIID and gerE, which appear to be concerned in the regulation of spore formation in Bacillus subtilis have been compared by modelling methods with known DNA-binding proteins. The results indicate that both polypeptides may have DNA-binding properties and the conclusion is drawn that this may account for their regulatory action.
MODIFICATION OF E. COLI ASPARAGINASE WITH 2,4-BIS(O-METHOXYPOLYETHYLENE GLYCOL)-6-CHLORO-S-TRIAZINE(ACTIVATED PEG2); DISAPPEARANCE OF BINDING ABILITY TOWARDS ANTI-SERUM AND RETENTION OF ENZYMIC ACTIVITY (1980)

Abstract Asparaginase from E. coli was modified with activated PEG2 which was synthesized from monomethoxypolyethylene glycol and cyanuric chloride. The PEG2-modified asparaginase had no binding ability towards anti-asparaginase serum but retained 11% of the enzymic activity(GOT method) of the native asparaginase.
Aqueous solubility and acidity constants of cholic, deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids. (1992)

Cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid were purified by a foam fractionation method. Using thermogravimetric analysis, the attached water molecule was found to be completely removed from solids of the latter three at 100 degrees C, while cholic acid still had one water molecule of crystallization per two cholic acid molecules at that temperature. The acidity constants of the acids were accurately determined from aqueous solubility measurements at different pH values and at 15, 25, 35, and 45 degrees C. The enthalpy change of dissolution from temperature dependence of solubility as undissociated acid monomer was much less than those of common ionic surfactants. This results from a smaller entropy increase on dissolution due to the hardly flexible hydrophobic structure of these bile acids.
Glass chips for high-speed capillary electrophoresis separations with submicrometer plate heights (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlass chips for high-speed capillary electrophoresis separations with submicrometer plate heightsCarlo S. Effenhauser, Andreas. Manz, and H. Michael. WidmerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 19, 2637–2642Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00067a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00067a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1088Altmetric-Citations446LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Melatonin therapy for REM sleep behavior disorder (2001)

Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia with clinical symptoms that include punching, kicking, yelling and leaping out of bed in sleep. Polysomnographic (PSG) finding showed REM sleep without muscle atonia. Clonazepam is generally used for treating RBD symptoms but melatonin was reported to be effective so we reconfirmed the effect of melatonin on RBD patients in the present study. We used melatonin (3-9 mg/day) which could ameliorate problem sleep behaviors remarkably, as well as %tonic activity in PSG variables. In the present study, melatonin was reconfirmed to be effective in RBD symptoms, especially for patients with low melatonin secretion, while its mechanism was not clearly known in the present study.
Distribution of alpha‐1 adrenoceptor subtypes in RNA and protein in rabbit eyes (2002)

We investigated subtypes of alpha-1 adrenoceptor (AR) in rabbit ocular tissues using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR), in situ hybridization (ISH) and binding studies. Competitive RT - PCR assays specific for the subtypes of alpha-1 AR revealed that the mRNA expression of alpha-1a AR was dominant, and that of each alpha-1b and alpha-1d was less than 10% and 0.5% of total alpha-1 ARs mRNA, respectively, in the iris, ciliary body, choroid and retina. In alpha-1a AR splice isoform-specific RT - PCR assays, we found a distinct proportion of each isoform mRNA in the iris, ciliary body and choroid. The results of the ISH assays for alpha-1a AR subtype showed that hybridization signals were clearly observed in the iris dilator muscle and in the epithelium of the ciliary processes. In binding studies, alpha-1A AR was a dominant subtype in the iris, choroid and retina in contrast to the ciliary body that had more alpha-1B than alpha-1A AR subtype at protein level.
Serotonin and epilepsy (2006)

In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that serotonergic neurotransmission modulates a wide variety of experimentally induced seizures. Generally, agents that elevate extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels, such as 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin reuptake blockers, inhibit both focal and generalized seizures, although exceptions have been described, too. Conversely, depletion of brain 5-HT lowers the threshold to audiogenically, chemically and electrically evoked convulsions. Furthermore, it has been shown that several anti-epileptic drugs increase endogenous extracellular 5-HT concentration. 5-HT receptors are expressed in almost all networks involved in epilepsies. Currently, the role of at least 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2C), 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(7) receptor subtypes in epileptogenesis and/or propagation has been described. Mutant mice lacking 5-HT(1A) or 5-HT(2C) receptors show increased seizure activity and/or lower threshold. In general, hyperpolarization of glutamatergic neurons by 5-HT(1A) receptors and depolarization of GABAergic neurons by 5-HT(2C) receptors as well as antagonists of 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(7) receptors decrease the excitability in most, but not all, networks involved in epilepsies. Imaging data and analysis of resected tissue of epileptic patients, and studies in animal models all provide evidence that endogenous 5-HT, the activity of its receptors, and pharmaceuticals with serotonin agonist and/or antagonist properties play a significant role in the pathogenesis of epilepsies.
Cytoskeletal Effects of Rho-Like Small Guanine Nucleotide–Binding Proteins in the Vascular System (2001)

Rho-like small GTPases, with their main representatives (Rho, Rac, and Cdc42), have been recognized in the past decade as key regulators of the F-actin cytoskeleton. Rho-like small GTPases are now known to play a major role in vascular processes caused by changes in the actin cytoskeleton, such as smooth muscle cell contraction, endothelial permeability, platelet activation, and leukocyte migration. Data are now accumulating regarding the involvement of Rho GTPases in vascular disorders associated with vascular remodeling, altered cell contractility, and cell migration. The unraveling of signal transduction pathways used by the Rho-like GTPases revealed many upstream regulators and downstream effector molecules, and their number is still growing. An important action of Rho, Rac, and Cdc42 is their ability to regulate the phosphorylation status of the myosin light chain, a major regulator of actin-myosin interaction. Present knowledge of the Rho-like small GTPases has resulted in the development of promising new strategies for the treatment of many vascular disorders, including hypertension, vasospasms, and vascular leakage.
Respiratory Disturbance Index (2000)

Cardiovascular mortality was prospectively investigated in consecutive coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with versus without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during a follow-up period of 5 yr. An overnight sleep/ventilatory study was performed in patients requiring intensive care (n = 62, mean age 67.6 +/- 10.4 yr, range 44 to 86) during a stable condition (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class I-II) 4 to 21 mo after discharge from the hospital. OSA, defined as a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) of 10/h or more was found in 19 patients (mean RDI 17.5 +/- 8.3). Three OSA subjects who were successfully treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during the observation period were excluded from the final analysis. There was no statistically significant difference (Fisher two-tailed exact test) between the OSA and non-OSA patient groups in terms of number of elderly subjects (age >/= 65 yr), gender, obesity (body mass index [BMI] >/= 30 kg/m(2)), smoking history, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, or history of myocardial infarction at the study start. During the follow-up period, cardiovascular death occurred in six of 16 OSA patients (37.5%) compared with 4 (9.3%) in the non-OSA group (p = 0.018). The univariate predictors of cardiovascular mortality were RDI (p = 0.007), OSA (p = 0.014), age at baseline (p = 0.028), hypertension at baseline (p = 0.036), history of never-smoking (p = 0.031), and digoxin treatment during the follow-up period (p = 0.013). In a Cox multiple conditional regression model, RDI remained as an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality (exp beta = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05 to 1.21, two-sided p < 0.001). We conclude that untreated OSA is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with CAD. Furthermore, it appears appropriate that RDI is taken into consideration when evaluating secondary prevention models in CAD.
Genetic control of sex determination in the germ line of Caenorhabditis elegans (1988)

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans normally exists as one of two sexes: self-fertilizing hermaphrodite or male. Development as hermaphrodite or male requires the differentiation of each tissue in a sex-specific way. In this review, I discuss the genetic control of sex determination in a single tissue of C. elegans: the germ line. Sex determination in the germ line depends on the action of two types of genes:--those that act globally in all tissues to direct male or female development and those that act only in the germ line to specify either spermatogenesis or oogenesis. First, I consider a tissue-specific sex-determining gene, fog-1, which promotes spermatogenesis in the germ line. Second, I consider the regulation of the hermaphrodite pattern of germ-line gametogenesis where first sperm and then oocytes are produced.
Elevation of serum levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor is associated with disease progression and prognosis in patients with prostate cancer (1999)

The results of this study indicate that the elevation of serum levels of either uPA or uPAR, or of both, could be used as new predictors of progression and prognosis in patients with prostate cancer.
Mechanism of action of DuP 721: inhibition of an early event during initiation of protein synthesis (1988)

The mode of action of DuP 721 was investigated. This compound was active primarily against gram-positive bacteria, including multiply resistant strains of staphylococci. Although inactive against wild-type Escherichia coli, DuP 721 did inhibit E. coli when the outer membrane was perturbed by genetic or chemical means. Pulse-labeling studies with E. coli PLB-3252, a membrane-defective strain, showed that DuP 721 inhibited amino acid incorporation into proteins. The 50% inhibitory concentration of DuP 721 for protein synthesis was 3.8 micrograms/ml, but it was greater than 64 micrograms/ml for RNA and DNA syntheses. The direct addition of DuP 721 to cell-free systems did not inhibit any of the reactions of protein synthesis from chain initiation through chain elongation with either synthetic or natural mRNA as template. However, cell extracts prepared from DuP 721 growth-arrested cells were defective in initiation-dependent polypeptide synthesis directed by MS2 bacteriophage RNA. These cell-free extracts were not defective in polypeptide elongation or in fMet-tRNA(fMet)-dependent polypeptide synthesis stimulated by poly(G.U). We conclude, therefore, that DuP 721 exerts its primary action at a step preceding the interaction of fMet-tRNA(fMet) and 30S ribosomal subunits with the initiator codon.
The d′--d--d′ Vertical Triad Is Less Discriminating Than the a′--a--a′ Vertical Triad in the Antiparallel Coiled-Coil Dimer Motif (2012)

Elucidating relationships between the amino-acid sequences of proteins and their three-dimensional structures, and uncovering non-covalent interactions that underlie polypeptide folding, are major goals in protein science. One approach toward these goals is to study interactions between selected residues, or among constellations of residues, in small folding motifs. The α-helical coiled coil has served as a platform for such studies because this folding unit is relatively simple in terms of both sequence and structure. Amino acid side chains at the helix-helix interface of a coiled coil participate in so-called "knobs-into-holes" (KIH) packing whereby a side chain (the knob) on one helix inserts into a space (the hole) generated by four side chains on a partner helix. The vast majority of sequence-stability studies on coiled-coil dimers have focused on lateral interactions within these KIH arrangements, for example, between an a position on one helix and an a' position of the partner in a parallel coiled-coil dimer, or between a--d' pairs in an antiparallel dimer. More recently, it has been shown that vertical triads (specifically, a'--a--a' triads) in antiparallel dimers exert a significant impact on pairing preferences. This observation provides impetus for analysis of other complex networks of side-chain interactions at the helix-helix interface. Here, we describe a combination of experimental and bioinformatics studies that show that d'--d--d' triads have much less impact on pairing preference than do a'--a--a' triads in a small, designed antiparallel coiled-coil dimer. However, the influence of the d'--d--d' triad depends on the lateral a'--d interaction. Taken together, these results strengthen the emerging understanding that simple pairwise interactions are not sufficient to describe side-chain interactions and overall stability in antiparallel coiled-coil dimers; higher-order interactions must be considered as well.
Latent expression of p53 mutations and radiation-induced mammary cancer. (1995)

EF42 is a clonally derived preneoplastic cell lineage from irradiated mouse mammary tissue, which becomes neoplastic with time in vitro or in vivo. We now report that multiple mutations in p53 occur before the acquisition of the neoplastic phenotype. The selective expansion of mutant cells is accompanied by loss of heterozygosity at the p53 locus and c-myc amplification. Although p53 mutations represent critical early events, our data argue these mutations were not directly induced by radiation but arose in the progeny of irradiated cells several cell generations later. The data are consistent with a multistep model of carcinogenesis that identifies genomic instability as the earliest step.
Communication protocol for group of distributed objects (2002)

In distributed applications, a group of multiple objects are cooperated. On receipt of request messages, the objects send back the responses. The kinds of group communication protocols discussed so far, support the reliable and ordered delivery of messages at the network level. Only messages to be ordered at the application level, not necessarily all messages, are required to be causally delivered in the required order. The state of the object depends on in what order the requests are computed and the responses and requests are transmitted. In this paper, we would like to define the significant precedence order of messages based on the conflicting relation among the requests. We would like to discuss a protocol which supports the significantly ordered delivery of request and response messages.
Selective heteronuclear NOE enhancements in benzoheterocycles. Effect of ring size on indirect three‐spin effects (1988)

Abstract The 80 MHz 1 H NMR and 20 MHz 13 C NMR spectra of five 4‐methylcoumarins, six 4‐methyl‐2(1 H )‐quinolones and nine 3‐methylbenzo[ b ]furans, including six new compounds, were fully assigned. Homonuclear 1 H{ 1 H} NOEs and selective heteronuclear 13 C{ 1 H} NOEs were measured after low‐power pre‐saturation of the methyl protons. Indirect, negative heteronuclear NOE enhancements were found in suitable three‐spin systems of the 13 C 1 H{ 1 H} type, and their magnitude was found to be dependent on ring size. The first examples of indirect, heteronuclear NOE enhancements on non‐protonated carbons are described.
Vesiculo-vacuolar organelles and the regulation of venule permeability to macromolecules by vascular permeability factor, histamine, and serotonin. (1996)

In contrast to normal microvessels, those that supply tumors are strikingly hyperpermeable to circulating macromolecules such as plasma proteins. This leakiness is largely attributable to a tumor-secreted cytokine, vascular permeability factor (VPF). Tracer studies have shown that macromolecules cross tumor vascular endothelium by way of a recently described cytoplasmic organelle, the vesiculo-vacuolar organelle or VVO (VVOs are grapelike clusters of interconnected, uncoated vesicles and vacuoles). However, equivalent VVOs are also present in the cytoplasm of normal venules that do not leak substantial amounts of plasma protein. To explain these findings, we hypothesized that VPF increased the permeability of tumor blood vessels by increasing VVO function and that the VVOs of normal venules were relatively impermeable in the absence of VPF stimulation. To test this hypothesis, VPF was injected intradermally in normal animals after intravenous injection of a soluble macromolecular tracer, ferritin, whose extravasation could be followed by electron microscopy. VPF caused normal venules to leak ferritin, and, as predicted by our hypothesis, ferritin extravasated by way of VVOs, just as in hyperpermeable tumor microvessels. Ultrathin (14-nm) serial electron microscopic sections and computer-aided three-dimensional reconstructions better defined VVO structure. VVOs occupied 16-18% of endothelial cytoplasm in normal venules. Individual VVOs were clusters of numerous (median, 124) interconnected vesicles and vacuoles that formed complex pathways across venular endothelium with multiple openings to both luminal and abluminal surfaces. Like VPF, histamine and serotonin also stimulated ferritin extravasation across venules by way of VVOs. Together, these data establish VVOs as the major pathway by which soluble plasma proteins exit venules in response to several mediators that increase venular hyperpermeability. These same mediators also increased the extravasation of colloidal carbon, but this large particulate nonphysiological tracer exited venules primarily through endothelial gaps.
Markers of a hypercoagulable state following acute ischemic stroke. (1992)

Our findings suggest that the nature of altered coagulation and fibrinolysis are different in various subtypes of ischemic stroke, and that an assessment of these hematologic parameters may be useful for the early classification of these subtypes.
Term delivery in a woman with severe congenital neutropenia, treated with growth colony stimulating factor (1998)

The patient was diagnosed in childhood as having severe congenital neutropenia and had recurrent admissions with severe infections. In 1987, prior to getting married, she was sterilized. She continued to require i.v. antibiotics when she contracted a severe infection. On one occasion, she was treated with growth colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Her increased neutrophil count was sustained following this treatment. In June 1993, she wished to start a family and underwent in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. G-CSF was given prior to oocyte retrieval. She conceived on her first cycle and an ultrasound scan revealed a singleton pregnancy. Throughout the course of the pregnancy, her white cell count was monitored closely and remained at <1.0x10(9)/l. The pregnancy progressed uneventfully and at 37 weeks gestation she was admitted for G-CSF injections. At 38 weeks she was delivered of a boy weighing 3350 g, by elective Caesarean section. His white cell count was normal. This is the first case of G-CSF being used before conception and during pregnancy in a patient with congenital neutropenia. It shows that advances in cytokine therapy and close interdisciplinary liaison can lead to a successful outcome and help patients, who would otherwise remain childless, to achieve a family.
Phase I clinical and pharmacological study of thymidine (NSC 21548) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in patients with advanced cancer. (1986)

Studies in cell culture systems have demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity of thymidine and its in vivo metabolite thymine with cisplatin. We have conducted a Phase I trial to assess the toxic effects and tolerable doses of thymidine plus cisplatin in patients with advanced cancer. Twenty such patients were treated with varying doses of thymidine infused continuously during Days 1-5 of a 28-day cycle. Cisplatin at a dose of 100 mg/m2 was administered on Day 3 of the cycle. Using this schedule, the maximally tolerated dose of thymidine was 60 g/m2/day. Hematological toxicity was dose limiting with median granulocyte and platelet nadirs of 1,500/mm3 and 55,000/mm3, respectively. Central nervous system and gastrointestinal toxicity was also prominent. Plasma and urine thymidine and thymine concentrations were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. At the maximally tolerated thymidine dose, steady state plasma thymidine concentrations approached or exceeded 1 mM in all patients, and thymine levels of 1-2 mM were achievable. These concentrations approach those demonstrated to produce synergistic cytotoxicity with cisplatin in vitro. Further pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that there is a progressive fall in thymidine plasma clearance with increasing dose and that cisplatin administration is followed by a significant fall in plasma thymidine clearance. No clear-cut relationships between platelet nadir and thymidine pharmacokinetics could be found, although nonlinear regression analysis did reveal a significant correlation between steady-state plasma thymidine concentration and platelet nadir. The recommended thymidine dose for Phase II trials of this combination is 60 g/m2/day in patients with little or no prior therapy.