gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Persistence and Improvement of Nasolabial Fold Correction with Nonanimal-Stabilized Hyaluronic Acid 100,000 Gel Particles/mL Filler on Two Retreatment Schedules (2008)

BACKGROUND Nonanimal-stabilized hyaluronic acid (NASHA) fillers are frequently used for facial soft tissue augmentation. Their long-term efficacy and the effects of different retreatment schedules are not well established. OBJECTIVE This is an 18-month interim analysis of a 30-month study to evaluate the efficacy and persistence of NASHA 100,000 gel particles/mL filler with two different retreatment schedules. METHODS This multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blinded study enrolled 75 patients with moderate to severe nasolabial folds. Patients were randomized to retreatment of one nasolabial fold at 4.5 months and the contralateral fold at 9 months after correction of both folds at the initial visit. RESULTS Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale scores improved significantly (p<.001) from baseline, with mean improvements ranging from 1.1 to 1.7 grades. Almost all patients (97%) responded satisfactorily, and the efficacy of the retreatment schedules did not differ significantly. Adverse events, primarily swelling and bruising, occurred in 33% of patients; none were serious. CONCLUSION The improvements seen after initial treatment with NASHA 100,000 gel particles/mL filler persisted for up to 18 months with one retreatment. The response was equivalent for retreatment at 4.5 and 9 months.
Somatic mutations in the p53 gene and prognosis in breast cancer: a meta-analysis (1999)

Many studies have investigated the association between alterations in the p53 gene and clinical outcome of breast cancer, and most investigators have reported poorer overall and disease-free survival (as indicated by a relative hazard (RH) greater than one) in breast cancer cases with somatic mutations in p53. However, different studies have produced widely differing RH estimates, ranging from no risk (RH = 1) to a relative hazard of 23, and not all of these results have been statistically significant. We have therefore reviewed all the published studies that have investigated the association between somatic mutations in the p53 gene and breast cancer prognosis and used standard techniques of meta-analysis to combine the results of these studies to produce a more precise estimate of the prognostic significance of p53 mutations. Eleven studies investigated overall survival in a total of 2319 unselected cases. The RH estimates from these ranged from 1 to 23.4 with a combined RH estimate of 2.0 (confidence interval 1.7-2.5). Three studies investigated the role of p53 in node-negative patients and in these, the combined estimate of RH was 1.7 (1.2-2.3). For three studies of node-positive breast cancer the combined risk estimate was 2.6 (1.7-3.9). The inclusion of p53 mutation screening in large breast cancer clinical trials seems warranted in the light of these results. Analysis of large numbers of cases matched for stage and therapy will allow definitive clarification of the value of p53 mutational status in prognostication, and possibly choice of therapy.
Quantitation of Latent Varicella-Zoster Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus Genomes in Human Trigeminal Ganglia (1999)

Using real-time fluorescence PCR, we quantitated the numbers of copies of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) genomes in 15 human trigeminal ganglia. Eight (53%) and 1 (7%) of 15 ganglia were PCR positive for HSV-1 or -2 glycoprotein G genes, with means of 2,902 +/- 1,082 (standard error of the mean) or 109 genomes/10(5) cells, respectively. Eleven of 14 (79%) to 13 of 15 (87%) of the ganglia were PCR positive for VZV gene 29, 31, or 62. Pooling of the results for the three VZV genes yielded a mean of 258 +/- 38 genomes/10(5) ganglion cells. These levels of latent viral genome loads have implications for virus distribution in and reactivation from human sensory ganglia.
CTNNB1 mutations and β‐catenin protein accumulation in human hepatocellular carcinomas associated with high exposure to aflatoxin B1† (2001)

beta-Catenin plays a key role in the Wnt signaling pathway, and mutations of CTNNB1, the gene that encodes beta-catenin, have been identified in about one-fourth of human hepatocellular carcinomas from regions of low aflatoxin B1 exposure. In this study 62 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) from people highly exposed to aflatoxin B1 in Guangxi, People's Republic of China, were laser-capture microdissected and examined for CTNNB1 mutations. In addition, 41 of the HCCs were evaluated for the presence of the beta-catenin protein by immunohistochemical methods. Twenty of the HCCs showed positive results for beta-catenin, with strong membrane staining, while adjacent non-neoplastic liver tissue lacked or showed only weak membrane staining. One HCC, in which a CTNNB1 mutation was not detected, showed nuclear staining for the beta-catenin protein. Mutations of CTNNB1 were identified in five HCCs. These consisted of four point mutations in the glycogen serine kinase-3beta phosphorylation region of codons 32-45 and one deletion of codons 32-38. These mutations were similar to those previously reported for human HCC, although at a lower frequency. A signature mutation profile associated with aflatoxin B1 exposure could not be identified. The immunohistochemical findings indicate a role for accumulation of beta-catenin and possibly increased Wnt signaling in aflatoxin B1-associated HCC. The low frequency of CTNNB1 mutations, however, suggests that mutation of another Wnt signaling component, such as the Wnt scaffolding protein axin or the adenomatous polyposis coli protein, both of which modulate beta-catenin stability, also may be involved in aflatoxin-associated HCC. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Potential prognostic value of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity for disease-free survival of primary breast cancer patients (2000)

Signaling through pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Thus, the activity of MAP kinase is essential in the malignant potential of human breast tumors. p42/44(MAPK) was significantly higher expressed in tumor samples than in matching normal tissues adjacent to the tumor. p42/44(MAPK) protein expression correlated with enhanced MAP kinase activity only in a subset of tumors, indicating that over-expression of MAP kinases does not reflect the activation status of these enzymes. MAP kinase activity was significantly elevated in 131 tissue samples from primary breast tumors when compared to 18 normal tissues adjacent to tumors. A trend for higher MAP kinase activity in primary tumors of node-positive patients was observed when compared with tumors from node-negative patients. Similarly, higher MAP kinase activities were observed in specimens from patients who had a relapse within the follow-up time of 40 months when compared with patients with no relapse. A survival analysis demonstrated that the MAP kinase activity in primary breast tumors is potentially prognostic for relapse-free survival of patients.
Guidance of neuronal growth cones in the grasshopper embryo. III. Recognition of specific glial pathways (1986)

In the previous 2 papers, we focused on the selective affinities that growth cones display for specific axonal pathways. Little is known, however, about how this orthogonal scaffold of axonal pathways in the CNS is established in the first place, and what, if any, role glia might play in these events. Here we show an important relationship between pioneering growth cones and primitive glial cells in the developing longitudinal connectives and peripheral nerve roots of the grasshopper embryo. We describe a preformed glial pathway for the formation of the intersegmental nerve, one of the major roots exiting the CNS. The growth cones that pioneer this nerve display a selective affinity for the segment boundary cell (SBC), a primitive glial cell that establishes the location of this nerve root. Similar glial cells are also found along the pathway where the longitudinal connectives form, and they too may play an important role in the formation of the first longitudinal axonal pathways. Experimental analysis shows that when the SBC is ablated, the growth cones that normally turn laterally to pioneer the intersegmental nerve do not do so, thus confirming the importance of the guiding role of this glial cell. We postulate that a simple orthogonal scaffold of primitive glia is involved in the initial patterning of axonal pathways within and exiting the insect CNS; this concept is remarkably similar to the blueprint hypothesis proposed by Singer et al. (1979) to explain the development of axon pathways in vertebrates.
Expression of Sonic hedgehog and its putative role as a precursor cell mitogen in the developing mouse retina (1997)

We show that Sonic hedgehog and patched are expressed in adjacent domains in the developing mouse retina. Treatment of cultures of perinatal mouse retinal cells with the amino-terminal fragment of Sonic hedgehog protein results in an increase in the proportion of cells that incorporate bromodeoxuridine, in total cell numbers, and in rod photoreceptors, amacrine cells and Muller glial cells, suggesting that Sonic hedgehog promotes the proliferation of retinal precursor cells. These findings suggest that hedgehog and patched are part of a conserved signalling pathway in retinal development in mammals and insects.
TOGA: An automated parsing technology for analyzing expression of nearly all genes (2000)

We have developed an automated, high-throughput, systematic cDNA display method called TOGA, an acronym for total gene expression analysis. TOGA utilizes 8-nt sequences, comprised of a 4-nt restriction endonuclease cleavage site and adjacent 4-nt parsing sequences, and their distances from the 3' ends of mRNA molecules to give each mRNA species in an organism a single identity. The parsing sequences are used as parts of primer-binding sites in 256 PCR-based assays performed robotically on tissue extracts to determine simultaneously the presence and relative concentration of nearly every mRNA in the extracts, regardless of whether the mRNA has been discovered previously. Visualization of the electrophoretically separated fluorescent assay products from different extracts displayed via a Netscape browser-based graphical user interface allows the status of each mRNA to be compared among samples and its identity to be matched with sequences of known mRNAs compiled in databases.
Clonal Amplification v1 (2020)

This user guide describes the protocol to produce template-loaded beads for one gCAS3 sequencing run by clonal amplification for the GenapSys system.
Transgenic Root Nodules ofVicia hirsuta:A Fast and Efficient System for the Study of Gene Expression in Indeterminate-Type Nodules (1993)

The Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Vicia hirsuta resulted in the induction of transgenic 'hairy roots' on wounded epicotyls of young seedlings. As soon as the 'hairy roots' had developed enough, the original wild-type roots were excised and composite plants were thus established that consisted of transgenic roots on untransformed shoots. The proportion of roots that proved by their beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression to be transgenic reached 88%. The inoculation of composite plants with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae led to the induction of transgenic indeterminate-type root nodules in less than 20 days after the V. hirsuta seedlings had been infected with A. rhizogenes. The structure and the function of the transgenic nodules were comparable to that of wildtype nodules. To illustrate the applicability of the system, the spatial and temporal expression pattern of an intron-containing p35S-gusA-int gene fusion was monitored during root and nodule development.
Abstract 2493: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacologic Actions of a Novel Designer Natriuretic Peptide: CU-NP (2007)

Introduction: Designer natriuretic peptides (NPs) hold promise for optimizing pharmacologic profiles of native NPs. We recently designed and synthesized a novel NP, named CU-NP, based on the ring s...
Mass spectral studies of probe pyrolysis products of intact oligoribonucleotides (1978)

Pyrolysis of underivatized homogeneous oligoribonucleotides in the source of a mass spectrometer leads to production of simple mass spectra which resemble the spectra of the bases themselves. It is proposed that pyrolysis occurs by hydrogen transfer to the base moiety followed by elimination of the neutral base. Ionization by electron impact gives rise to the observed spectra. Mixed oligoribonucleotides pyrolyze readily to give spectra of adenine and uracil, but evidence for the presence of guanine and cytosine in mixed polymers and native RNA's is difficult to obtain presumably because of their low vapor pressure. The method may be useful for detection of modified bases in tRNA and for studies of temperature effects on RNA pyrolysis.
Integrating segmented electronic paper displays into consumer electronic devices (2011)

Segmented electronic paper displays are ultra-low power devices, particularly in applications where information is not updated continuously. This paper will present a new integrated module design using standard interfaces and off-the-shelf processors. Also addressed are the reliability and lifetime performance of segmented electronic paper displays.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN 4‐PHENYLCOUMARINS, SOME UNUSUAL OBSERVATIONS (1975)

Abstract Fries‐Umlagerung des Phenylcumarins (I) liefert das Dihydroxyderivat (IIa).
Complete genomic sequence of the human ABCA1 gene: Analysis of the human and mouse ATP-binding cassette A promoter (2000)

The ABCA1 gene, a member of the ATP-binding cassette A (ABCA1) transporter superfamily, encodes a membrane protein that facilitates the cellular efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids. Mutations in ABCA1 lead to familial high density lipoprotein deficiency and Tangier disease. We report the complete human ABCA1 gene sequence, including 1,453 bp of the promoter, 146,581 bp of introns and exons, and 1 kb of the 3' flanking region. The ABCA1 gene spans 149 kb and comprises 50 exons. Sixty-two repetitive Alu sequences were identified in introns 1-49. The transcription start site is 315 bp upstream of a newly identified initiation methionine codon and encodes an ORF of 6,783 bp. Thus, the ABCA1 protein is comprised of 2,261 aa. Analysis of the 1,453 bp 5' upstream of the transcriptional start site reveals multiple binding sites for transcription factors with roles in lipid metabolism. Comparative analysis of the mouse and human ABCA1 promoter sequences identified specific regulatory elements, which are evolutionarily conserved. The human ABCA1 promoter fragment -200 to -80 bp that contains binding motifs for SP1, SP3, E-box, and AP1 modulates cellular cholesterol and cAMP regulation of ABCA1 gene expression. These combined findings provide insights into ABCA1-mediated regulation of cellular cholesterol metabolism and will facilitate the identification of new pharmacologic agents for the treatment of atherosclerosis in humans.
Kinetic chromatographic sequential addition immunoassays using protein A affinity chromatography (1992)

A new type of chromatographic immunoassay based on sequential addition is described. On a protein A column, the antibody, the sample containing the antigen, and then a known amount of antigen are sequentially injected. This assay is designed to shorten analysis times and reduce complexity of dual-column chromatographic immunoassays, circumvent desorption buffer interferences common to affinity chromatography, and eliminate the need for tagged molecules. This new technique is named kinetic immunochromatography sequential addition (KICQA). Because of its kinetic nature, flow rate will have a large effect on KICQA, and the impact of changing flow rate is studied extensively. By use of various amounts of antibody, the dynamic range of KICQA is shown to be selectable over 2.5 orders of magnitude. Finally, KICQA was used to determine transferrin and albumin in human serum. Both analytes show good agreement with their respective reference methods, and an albumin assay was performed in under 1 min.
Chunking and Dependency Parsing (2008)

Since chunking can be performed efficiently and accurately, it is attractive to use it as a preprocessing step in full parsing stages. We analyze whether providing chunk data to a statistical dependency parser can benefit its accuracy. We present a set of experiments meant to select first a set of features that provide the greates improvement to a Shift/Reduce dependency parser, then to determine an appropriate feature model. We report on accuracy gain obtained using features from chunks produced using a statistical chunker as well as from an approximate representation of noun phrases induced directly by the parser. Finally we analyze the degree of accuracy that such a parser can achieve in chunking compared to a specialized statistical chunker.
Time-Resolved Imaging of Spin Transfer Switching: Beyond the Macrospin Concept (2006)

Time-resolved images of the magnetization switching process in a spin transfer structure, obtained by ultrafast x-ray microscopy, reveal the limitations of the macrospin model. Instead of a coherent magnetization reversal, we observe switching by lateral motion of a magnetic vortex across a nanoscale element. Our measurements reveal the fundamental roles played independently by the torques due to charge and spin currents in breaking the magnetic symmetry on picosecond time scales.
Alfalfa contains substantial 9‐hydroperoxide lyase activity and a 3Z:2E‐enal isomerase (1999)

Fatty acid hydroperoxides formed by lipoxygenase can be cleaved by hydroperoxide lyase resulting in the formation of short-chain aldehydes and omega-oxo acids. Plant hydroperoxide lyases use 13- or 9-hydroperoxy linoleic and linolenic acid as substrates. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been reported to contain a hydroperoxide lyase specific for 13-hydroperoxy linoleic and linolenic acid only. However, in addition to 13-hydroperoxide lyase activity we found substantial 9-hydroperoxide lyase activity in alfalfa seedlings as well. The specific activity for 9-hydroperoxy fatty acids was about 50% of the activity for the 13-isomers. Furthermore, alfalfa seedlings contain a 3Z:2E-enal isomerase that converts the 3Z-enal products to their 2E-enal isoforms.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) (2003)

The ELISA technique (1) is a simple, sensitive, rapid, reliable, and versatile assay system for the quantitation of antigens and antibodies. Because of the extreme discriminating power of antibodies to recognize an almost infinite array of antigenic structures, the application of ELISA to analyte measurement is almost unlimited. ELISAs have been developed in many configurations depending on the particular application of the assay. In practice, ELISA as a solid-phase technique may be classified into two main types: (1) competitive assays using either an antigen-enzyme conjugate or an antibody-enzyme conjugate, and (2) noncompetitive assays using a double antibody “sandwich” technique where the second antibody has an indicator enzyme conjugated to it. In solid-phase ELISA, one of the immunoreactants (antibody or antigen) is immobilized onto a solid support (microtiter plate) by adsorption, through noncovalent interactions. The immobilized antibody is then incubated with test solution containing the analyte of interest. Following a period of incubation and washing, the bound antigen is detected, by the addition of an enzyme-conjugated antibody that binds to the remaining antigenic sites on the antigen.
Automating the transformation of XML documents (2001)

The advent of web services that use XML-based message exchanges has spurred many efforts that address issues related to inter-enterprise service electronic commerce interactions. Currently emerging standards and technologies enable enterprises to describe and advertise their own Web Services and to discover and determine how to interact with services fronted by other businesses. However, these technologies do not address the problem of how to reconcile structural differences between similar types of documents supported by different enterprises. Transformations between such documents must thus be created manually on a case-by-case basis. In this paper, we explore the problem of how to automate the transformation of XML E-business documents. We develop an integrated solution that automates as much as possible all steps of the document transformation process. One, we propose a set of schema transformation operations that establish semantic relationships between two XML document schemas. Two, we define a model that allows us to compare the cost of performing these operations. Three, we introduce an algorithm that discovers an efficient sequence of operations for transforming a source document schema into a target document schema based on our cost model. The operation sequence then is used to generate an equivalent XSLT transformation script. Experimental results indicate that our algorithm can satisfactorily discover acceptable transformations.
Alamethicin: A Peptide Model for Voltage Gating and Protein-Membrane Interactions (1994)

CONTENTS PERSPECTIVES AND OVERVIEW 1 41 ENERGETIC REQUIREMENTS FOR ION TRANSPORT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 43 GENERAL FEATURES AND SEQUENCE OF ALAMETHICIN . ... .... ... 1 45 CHANNEL ACTIVITY OF ALAMETHlCIN ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 46 Macroscopic Conductances in Planar Bilayers ........ 1 46 Single Channel Conductance Measurements ... ...... . .... ....... . ..... . 1 47 Conductance Measurements in Vesicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 The Activity of Alamethicin Analogues ....... 1 49 STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF ALAMETHICIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Crystal Structure ... ....... ... 150 Structure Derived from Spectroscopic Studies 1 52 Membrane Binding and Aggregation of Alamethicin . .. . .. . .. ....... . .. .. 154 MODELS FOR THE ALAMETHICIN CHANNEL .. 156 Structure of the Ion Channel . . . 156 Models for Voltage-Dependent Gating .. , . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 57 Additional Mechanisms and Structural Considerations .. . . .. . . 1 60 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 161
CD25+ CD4+ T Cells Regulate the Expansion of Peripheral CD4 T Cells Through the Production of IL-10 (2001)

The mechanisms by which the immune system achieves constant T cell numbers throughout life, thereby controlling autoaggressive cell expansions, are to date not completely understood. Here, we show that the CD25(+) subpopulation of naturally activated (CD45RB(low)) CD4 T cells, but not CD25(-) CD45RB(low) CD4 T cells, inhibits the accumulation of cotransferred CD45RB(high) CD4 T cells in lymphocyte-deficient mice. However, both CD25(+) and CD25(-) CD45RB(low) CD4 T cell subpopulations contain regulatory cells, since they can prevent naive CD4 T cell-induced wasting disease. In the absence of a correlation between disease and the number of recovered CD4(+) cells, we conclude that expansion control and disease prevention are largely independent processes. CD25(+) CD45RB(low) CD4 T cells from IL-10-deficient mice do not protect from disease. They accumulate to a higher cell number and cannot prevent the expansion of CD45RB(high) CD4 T cells upon transfer compared with their wild-type counterparts. Although CD25(+) CD45RB(low) CD4 T cells are capable of expanding when transferred in vivo, they reach a homeostatic equilibrium at lower cell numbers than CD25(-) CD45RB(low) or CD45RB(high) CD4 T cells. We conclude that CD25(+) CD45RB(low) CD4 T cells from nonmanipulated mice control the number of peripheral CD4 T cells through a mechanism involving the production of IL-10 by regulatory T cells.