gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and muscle loss in experimental cancer cachexia (2005)

Muscle protein degradation is thought to play a major role in muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. To investigate the importance of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, which has been suggested to be the main degradative pathway mediating progressive protein loss in cachexia, the expression of mRNA for proteasome subunits C2 and C5 as well as the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, E2(14k), has been determined in gastrocnemius and pectoral muscles of mice bearing the MAC16 adenocarcinoma, using competitive quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels of proteasome subunits and E2(14k) were determined by immunoblotting, to ensure changes in mRNA were reflected in changes in protein expression. Muscle weights correlated linearly with weight loss during the course of the study. There was a good correlation between expression of C2 and E2(14k) mRNA and protein levels in gastrocnemius muscle with increases of 6-8-fold for C2 and two-fold for E2(14k) between 12 and 20% weight loss, followed by a decrease in expression at weight losses of 25-27%, although loss of muscle protein continued. In contrast, expression of C5 mRNA only increased two-fold and was elevated similarly at all weight losses between 7.5 and 27%. Both proteasome functional activity, and proteasome-specific tyrosine release as a measure of total protein degradation was also maximal at 18-20% weight loss and decreased at higher weight loss. Proteasome expression in pectoral muscle followed a different pattern with increases in C2 and C5 and E2(14k) mRNA only being seen at weight losses above 17%, although muscle loss increased progressively with increasing weight loss. These results suggest that activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays a major role in protein loss in gastrocnemius muscle, up to 20% weight loss, but that other factors such as depression in protein synthesis may play a more important role at higher weight loss.
Tongue‐base suspension with a soft tissue‐to‐bone anchor for obstructive sleep apnea: Preliminary clinical results of a new minimally invasive technique (2000)

The Repose system is a new minimally invasive technique for tongue-base suspension in the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing caused by tongue-base collapse. It involves the insertion of a titanium miniscrew with attached suture into the anterior intraoral mandible and passing the suture through the tongue base. The procedure was performed in 16 patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Fourteen patients reported an improvement in daytime sleepiness, and their bed partners reported an improvement in snoring. The mean respiratory distress index before surgery was 35. Two months after surgery, the mean respiratory distress index was 17, an improvement of 51.4% (P = 0.001, 2-tailed t test). These preliminary results show the initial efficacy and safety of this new surgical procedure.
Transplantation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells into Ischemic and Growing Kidneys Suggests a Role in Vasculogenesis but Not Tubulogenesis (2006)

Transplantation of murine bone marrow-derived stem cells has been reported recently to promote regeneration of the injured kidney. We investigated the potential of human adult CD34(+) progenitor cells to undergo renal differentiation once xenotransplanted into ischemic and developing kidneys. Immunostaining with human-specific antibodies for tubular cells (broad-spectrum cytokeratin), endothelial cells (CD31, PECAM), stromal cells (vimentin), and hematopoietic cells (pan-leukocyte CD45) demonstrated that although kidney ischemia enhanced engraftment of human cells, they were mostly hematopoietic cells (CD45(+)) residing in the interstitial spaces. Few other engrafted cells demonstrated an endothelial phenotype (human CD31(+)in morphologically appearing peritubular capillaries), but no evidence of tubular or stromal cells of human origin was found. Upregulation of SDF1 and HIF1 transcript levels in the ischemic kidneys might explain the diffuse engraftment of CD45(+)cells following injury. Similarly, when embryonic kidneys rudiments were co-transplanted with human CD34(+)cells in mice, we found both human CD45(+)and CD31(+)cells in the periphery of the developing renal grafts, whereas parenchymal elements failed to stain. In addition, human CD34(+)cells had no effect on kidney growth and differentiation. This first demonstration of human CD34(+)stem cell transplantation into injured and developing kidneys indicates that these cells do not readily acquire a tubular phenotype and are restricted mainly to hematopoietic and, to a lesser extent, to endothelial lineages. Efforts should be made to identify additional stem cell sources applicable for kidney growth and regeneration.
The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, part 3. The unique molecule program (1974)

An extensive computer program has been developed to check the internal consistency of published, numeric, crystallographic data prior to storage in the data files of the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. The coding is in Fortran IV for an IBM 3701165 with 1 megabyte store. The atomic coordinates, constitution and connectivity of the unique bonded residue(s) are determined from the published asymmetric unit coordinates. Bond lengths are calculated and compared with published values, and any discrepancies are flagged. Checks are made to ensure that the valency requirements of certain elemental types are not violated. The connectivity of the system is expressed in a compact notation. Axial projection plots may optionally be produced on the line printer. The program is likely to be generally useful to individual crystallographers at various stages of an analysis as well as for checking of published data.
Determination of Cardiac Troponin I Forms in the Blood of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Patients Receiving Crystalloid or Cold Blood Cardioplegia (1999)

To determine the forms of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) circulating in the bloodstream of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and patients receiving a cardioplegia during heart surgery, we developed three immunoenzymatic sandwich assays. The first assay involves the combination of two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for human cTnI. The second assay involves the combination of a mAb specific for troponin C (TnC) and an anti-cTnI mAb. The third assay was a combination of a mAb specific for human cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and an anti-cTnI mAb. Fifteen serum samples from patients with AMI, 10 serum samples from patients receiving crystalloid cardioplegia during heart surgery, and 10 serum samples from patients receiving cold blood cardioplegia during heart surgery were assayed by the three two-site immunoassays. We confirmed that cTnI circulates not only in free form but also complexed with the other troponin components (TnC and cTnT). We showed that the predominant form in blood is the cTnI-TnC binary complex (IC). Free cTnI, the cTnI-cTnT binary complex, and the cTnT-cTnI-TnC ternary complex were seldom present, and when present, were in small quantities compared with the binary complex IC. Similar results were obtained in both patient populations studied. These observations are essential for the development of new immunoassays with improved clinical sensitivity and for the selection of an appropriate cTnI primary calibrator.
IP over ATM Working Group's Recommendations for the ATM Forum's Multiprotocol BOF Version 1 (1995)

This document represents an initial list of requirements submitted to the ATM Forum's Multiprotocol BOF for the operation of IP over ATM networks as determined by the IETF IP over ATM Working Group and other working groups. This RFC is issued for the benefit of community members. The information contained in this document is accurate as of the date of publication, but is subject to change. Subsequent RFCs will reflect such changes.
Spatially Resolved Transcriptomes—Next Generation Tools for Tissue Exploration (2020)

Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomics have greatly expanded the knowledge of complex multicellular biological systems. The field has quickly expanded in recent years, and several new technologies have been developed that all aim to combine gene expression data with spatial information. The vast array of methodologies displays fundamental differences in their approach to obtain this information, and thus, demonstrate method-specific advantages and shortcomings. While the field is moving forward at a rapid pace, there are still multiple challenges presented to be addressed, including sensitivity, labor extensiveness, tissue-type dependence, and limited capacity to obtain detailed single-cell information. No single method can currently address all these key parameters. In this review, available spatial transcriptomics methods are described and their applications as well as their strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Future developments are explored and where the field is heading to is deliberated upon.
Using Focus Maps to Ease Map Reading - Developing Smart Applications for Mobile Devices. (2002)

Acute severe hypertension without end-organ damage and hypertensive emergency are life-threatening conditions that healthcare providers must be prepared to accurately recognize and treat as pediatric hypertension increases in prevalence. In this article, we review the most recent definitions of elevated blood pressure and hypertension and discuss the updated literature on the evaluation and management of hypertension and hypertensive crisis of children in the ED.
Oxidation Behaviour of 310S Stainless Steel with Surface Modification by Unbalanced Magentron Sputtering (1997)

Unbalanced magnetron sputtering depositions have been performed on 31 OS stainless steel specimens. Different Ar partial pressures were applied to produce microcrystalline coatings with different grain size. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were used to study the detailed morphology of the coatings. The cyclic oxidation behaviours of the coated and uncoated specimens at 1000 C for up to 200 hours have been studied. It was found that the coated and uncoated specimens showed similar oxidation mass gains, but the spallation resistance of the coated specimens was improved significantly. The uncoated 31 OS showed scale spallation much earlier than the coated specimens, and the quantity of spalled scales was reduced by 80% from the uncoated specimens. The oxidation kinetics of the coated specimens were analysed by considering both the grain boundary and lattice diffusion effects. The spallation behaviours were analysed in terms of fracture energy.
Consensus molecular subgroups (CMS) of colorectal cancer (CRC) and first-line efficacy of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab or bevacizumab in the FIRE3 (AIO KRK-0306) trial (2019)

CMS classification is prognostic for mCRC. Prolonged OS induced by FOLFIRI plus cetuximab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab in the FIRE-3 study appears to be driven by CMS3 and CMS4. CMS classification provides deeper insights into the biology to CRC, but at present time has no direct impact on clinical decision-making.The FIRE-3 (AIO KRK-0306) study had been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00433927.
Mechanisms of the ability of insulin to activate the glucose-transport system in rat adipocytes (1978)

Isolated rat adipocytes were used to assess the mechanisms of the ability of insulin to accelerate glucose transport. Glucose transport was determined by measuring the initial rates of 2-deoxyglucose uptake, and at 24 degrees C insulin increased the Vmax. of transport from 7.3 +/- 1 to 23.1 +/- 2 nmol/min per 10(6) cells, but the Km value remained unchanged (2.5, cf. 2.4 mM). When the Vmax. of basal and insulin-stimulated transport was measured as a function of temperature (15-37 degrees C), parallel Arrhenius plots were obtained yielding equal activation energies of approx. 59kJ/mol. Since both processes have equal activation energies the data indicate that insulin increases Vmax. by increasing the number of available carriers rather than enhancing intrinsic activity of already functioning carriers. Since the ability of insulin to activate glucose transport did not decrease with temperature (whereas plasma-membrane fluidity declines), it is suggested that lateral diffusion of insulin receptors within the plasma-membrane bilayer is not a rat-determining step in insulin action.
Real-time route planning in road networks (2003)

The authors present the methodologies used in a route planning subsystem able to determine the best routes in the road network using different optimization criteria; incorporate a wide range of information from the road network database into the route planning; plan a strategic route quickly and efficiently; and perform real-time tactical navigation in conjunction with in-vehicle route guidance when the driver deviates from the strategically planned route. Much of the capability and functionality of the route planning subsystem is derived from a database designed specially to facilitate the path planning problem. This commercial DriverGuide product is in use in about 70 locations throughout the San Francisco Bay Area, offering detailed printed driving directions between any two addresses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Site dilution of osmium polypyridine complexes in three electron-hopping conductive polymer films on electrodes by electrochemical copolymerization of osmium with ruthenium and with zinc complexes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSite dilution of osmium polypyridine complexes in three electron-hopping conductive polymer films on electrodes by electrochemical copolymerization of osmium with ruthenium and with zinc complexesNigel A. Surridge, F. Richard Keene, Brent A. White, John S. Facci, Marvin Silver, and Royce W. MurrayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 24, 4950–4955Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00349a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00349a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Chelatable Iron Pool in Living Cells: A Methodically Defined Quantity (2002)

A very small, predominantly cytosolic pool of iron ions plays the central role in the cellular iron metabolism. It links the cellular iron uptake with the insertion of the metal in iron storage proteins and other essential iron-containing molecules. Furthermore, this transit ('labile') pool is essentially involved in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. Due to its high physiological and pathophysiological significance, numerous methods for its characterization have been developed during the last five decades. Most of these methods, however, influence the size and nature of the transit iron pool artificially, as they are not applicable to viable biological material. Recently, fluorescence spectroscopic methods for measurements within viable cells have become available. Although these methods avoid the artifacts of previous methods, studies using fluorescent iron indicators revealed that the 'intracellular transit iron pool', which is methodically assessed as 'chelatable iron', is substantially defined by the method and/or the iron-chelating indicator applied for its detection, since the iron ions are bound to a large number of different ligands in different metabolic compartments. A more comprehensive characterization of the nature and the role of the thus not uniform cellular transit iron pool therefore requires parallel employment of different indicator molecules, which clearly differ in their intracellular distribution and their physico-chemical characteristics.
Substrate bias voltage generator controlled by CMOS inverter (2002)

By controlling the MOSFET's threshold voltage, power reduction in CMOS VLSIs can be achieved while the operating speed of the circuits is maintained. In this paper, we propose an efficient substrate bias voltage generator with a charge-pumping circuit driven by CMOS inverters for threshold voltage control of MOSFETs. The substrate bias voltage generator can generate negative voltage of -V/sub DD/ level without threshold voltage loss of MOS transistors. The operating characteristics of the generator are also analyzed in detail by using the circuit analysis program H-SPICE.
NO pathway and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in pulmonary arterial hypertension (2004)

Nitric oxide (NO) is constitutively produced in the lung by NO-synthases. The main cellular sources of lung NO production are the vascular endothelium and the airway epithelia [1, 2]. Adaptation of the perfusion distribution to well ventilated areas of the lung (ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) matching) is mainly regulated by local NO production [3, 4]. NO- synthase activity is regulated on transcriptional and post-translational redox-based modulation level [5]. The common signaling pathway of endogenous vasodilators, such as nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and natriuretic peptides, engage cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP). The enzymatic source of these second messengers are mainly adenylate-and guanylate-cyclases [6]. PDEs represent a superfamily of enzymes, with PDE1 through PDE11 being currently known, that inactivate cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, with different tissue distribution and substrate specificities [6, 7]. Depending on their selective profile, PDE inhibitors differentially regulate the activity of cAMP and/or cGMP. Thus, they might be offered as therapeutic tools to augment and prolong prostanoid-and NO-related vascular effects. The efficacy of this approach has been proven in various experimental studies [8, 9]. The most important cyclic GMP degrading phosphodiesterase – PDE5 – is abundantly expressed in lung tissue [7]. The selective PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil has been approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction [10]. Documented use in numerous otherwise healthy individuals and patients with a variety of underlying diseases sildenafil displayed an excellent safety profile [11].
Synthetic spike-in standards for RNA-seq experiments (2011)

High-throughput sequencing of cDNA (RNA-seq) is a widely deployed transcriptome profiling and annotation technique, but questions about the performance of different protocols and platforms remain. We used a newly developed pool of 96 synthetic RNAs with various lengths, and GC content covering a 2(20) concentration range as spike-in controls to measure sensitivity, accuracy, and biases in RNA-seq experiments as well as to derive standard curves for quantifying the abundance of transcripts. We observed linearity between read density and RNA input over the entire detection range and excellent agreement between replicates, but we observed significantly larger imprecision than expected under pure Poisson sampling errors. We use the control RNAs to directly measure reproducible protocol-dependent biases due to GC content and transcript length as well as stereotypic heterogeneity in coverage across transcripts correlated with position relative to RNA termini and priming sequence bias. These effects lead to biased quantification for short transcripts and individual exons, which is a serious problem for measurements of isoform abundances, but that can partially be corrected using appropriate models of bias. By using the control RNAs, we derive limits for the discovery and detection of rare transcripts in RNA-seq experiments. By using data collected as part of the model organism and human Encyclopedia of DNA Elements projects (ENCODE and modENCODE), we demonstrate that external RNA controls are a useful resource for evaluating sensitivity and accuracy of RNA-seq experiments for transcriptome discovery and quantification. These quality metrics facilitate comparable analysis across different samples, protocols, and platforms.
Intracoronary Stenting Without Anticoagulation Accomplished With Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance (1995)

The Palmaz-Schatz stent can be safely inserted in coronary arteries without subsequent anticoagulation provided that stent expansion is adequate and there are no other flow-limiting lesions present. The use of high-pressure final balloon dilatations and confirmation of adequate stent expansion by intravascular ultrasound provide assurance that anticoagulation therapy can be safely omitted. This technique significantly reduces hospital time and vascular complications and has a low stent thrombosis rate.
Mofification of body composition by clenbuterol in normal and dystrophic (mdx) mice (1985)

Female dystrophic mice (mdx on C57 Black background) gained weight more rapidly than age-matched controls and had a higher body fat content (% body weight), a slightly lower protein content and a reduced mass of muscle. Chronic treatment (21 d) of the mice with the beta 2-agonist clenbuterol stimulated weight gain in both genotypes without affecting energy intake. Clenbuterol increased the mass of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle by 13% and 29% in normal and dystrophic mice, respectively, and raised body protein but depressed body fat. Body water and energy content were unaffected by clenbuterol, but the ratio of protein to fat in the carcasses was enhanced by 17% in normal and 56% in dystrophic mice following clenbuterol treatment. Thus, the beta 2-agonist restored the body composition of dystrophic mice to normal and enhanced the protein to fat ratio in both these and normal mice.
Heparin-inhibitable lectin activity of the filamentous hemagglutinin adhesin of Bordetella pertussis (1994)

Bordetella pertussis, the etiologic agent of whooping cough, produces an outer membrane-associated filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) which is the major adhesin of this organism. FHA exhibits a lectin-like activity for heparin and dextran sulfate. By using in vitro adherence assays to cultured epithelial cells, the attachment of B. pertussis was reduced in the presence of sulfated polysaccharides such as heparin and dextran sulfate but not in the presence of dextran, indicating the crucial role of polysaccharide sulfation. In addition, inhibition of cellular sulfation by chlorate treatment of the cells resulted in a reduction of B. pertussis adherence, suggesting that epithelial cell surface-exposed sulfated glycoconjugates may serve as receptors for the microorganism. B. pertussis mutant strains deficient in FHA production expressed residual adherence that was no longer inhibited by sulfated polysaccharides. In addition, purified FHA displayed heparin-inhibitable binding to epithelial cells. Mapping experiments of the heparin-binding site of FHA indicated that this site is different from the RGD site and the recently proposed carbohydrate-binding site involved in the interaction of FHA with lactosylceramide. This result demonstrates that FHA contains at least three different binding sites, a feature unusual for bacterial adhesions but similar to features of eukaryotic adhesins and extracellular matrix proteins.