gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Primary 1,2-Diamines by Hydrogenation of α-Aminonitriles1 (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Primary 1,2-Diamines by Hydrogenation of α-Aminonitriles1Morris Freifelder and Richard B. HasbrouckCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 3, 696–698Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01488a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01488a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views532Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vectorizing for a SIMdD DSP architecture (2003)

The Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) model for finegrained parallelism was recently extended to support SIMD operations on disjoint vector elements. In this paper we demonstrate how SIMdD (SIMD on disjoint data) supports e#ective vectorization of digital signal processing (DSP) benchmarks, by facilitating data reorganization and reuse. In particular we show that this model can be adopted by a compiler to achieve nearoptimal performance for important classes of kernels.
Enrichment of G2/M cell cycle phase in human pluripotent stem cells enhances HDR-mediated gene repair with customizable endonucleases (2016)

Abstract Efficient gene editing is essential to fully utilize human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in regenerative medicine. Custom endonuclease-based gene targeting involves two mechanisms of DNA repair: homology directed repair (HDR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). HDR is the preferred mechanism for common applications such knock-in, knock-out or precise mutagenesis, but remains inefficient in hPSCs. Here, we demonstrate that synchronizing synchronizing hPSCs in G2/M with ABT phase increases on-target gene editing, defined as correct targeting cassette integration, 3 to 6 fold. We observed improved efficiency using ZFNs, TALENs, two CRISPR/Cas9, and CRISPR/Cas9 nickase to target five genes in three hPSC lines: three human embryonic stem cell lines, neural progenitors and diabetic iPSCs. neural progenitors and diabetic iPSCs. Reversible synchronization has no effect on pluripotency or differentiation. The increase in on-target gene editing is locus-independent and specific to the cell cycle phase as G2/M phase enriched cells show a 6-fold increase in targeting efficiency compared to cells in G1 phase. Concurrently inhibiting NHEJ with SCR7 does not increase HDR or improve gene targeting efficiency further, indicating that HR is the major DNA repair mechanism after G2/M phase arrest. The approach outlined here makes gene editing in hPSCs a more viable tool for disease modeling, regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies.
Internalization of radiolabelled [DTPA0]octreotide and [DOTA0, Tyr3]octreotide (1998)

We compared the internalization of [90Y-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotide and [111In-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotide with that of [125I-Tyr3]octreotide and [111In-DTPA0]octreotide in the subtype 2 somatostatin receptor (sst2)-positive rat pancreatic tumour cell lines CA20948 and AR42J and in the somatostatin receptor-negative human anaplastic thyroid tumour cell line ARO. We demonstrated that [111In-DTPA0]octreotide, [90Y-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotide and [111In-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotide are internalized by a receptor-specific, time- and temperature-dependent process. The amount of [90Y-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotide internalized was higher than that of [111In-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotide and [111In-DTPA0]octreotide.
Amyloid β‐proteins 1—40 and 1—42(43) in the soluble fraction of extra‐ and intracranial blood vessels (1995)

To investigate the process of amyloid beta-protein (A beta) accumulation in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), the levels of A beta were determined in the soluble fraction of extra- and intracranial blood vessels and leptomeninges obtained at autopsy. Two enzyme immunoassays were employed that are known to sensitively and specifically quantify two A beta species, A beta 1-40 and 1-42(43). A beta was detectable in the intracranial blood vessels and leptomeninges with the latter containing the highest levels, while it was undetectable in the extracranial blood vessels. Thus the levels of soluble A beta correlated well with the predilection sites for CAA. Among individuals aged 20 to 90, the A beta levels in the leptomeninges increased sharply in those aged 50 to 70 and thereafter tended to decline. However, only slight degrees of CAA were detected by immunocytochemistry, even when those leptomeninges contained high levels of A beta comparable with those in Alzheimer's disease. The level of A beta 1-42 was almost always severalfold that of A beta 1-40 in the soluble fraction of leptomeninges. This is in good agreement with the immunocytochemical result showing the presence of A beta 40-negative, A beta 42(43)-positive meningeal vessels. These results indicate that A beta 1-42 is the initially deposited species in CAA and that the disruption of A beta homeostasis precedes A beta deposition in the meningeal vessels.
Comprehensive Identification of Cell Cycle–regulated Genes of the YeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeby Microarray Hybridization (1998)

We sought to create a comprehensive catalog of yeast genes whose transcript levels vary periodically within the cell cycle. To this end, we used DNA microarrays and samples from yeast cultures synchronized by three independent methods: alpha factor arrest, elutriation, and arrest of a cdc15 temperature-sensitive mutant. Using periodicity and correlation algorithms, we identified 800 genes that meet an objective minimum criterion for cell cycle regulation. In separate experiments, designed to examine the effects of inducing either the G1 cyclin Cln3p or the B-type cyclin Clb2p, we found that the mRNA levels of more than half of these 800 genes respond to one or both of these cyclins. Furthermore, we analyzed our set of cell cycle-regulated genes for known and new promoter elements and show that several known elements (or variations thereof) contain information predictive of cell cycle regulation. A full description and complete data sets are available at http://cellcycle-www.stanford.edu
The Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)–Trimera Mouse: A Model for Evaluation of Agents against HCV (2002)

The lack of small-animal models that are suitable for evaluation of agents used to treat infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) severely hinders the assessment of potential new therapies for the disease. This study created such a model, termed the "HCV-Trimera" model. The HCV-Trimera model was developed by using lethally irradiated mice, reconstituted with SCID mouse bone marrow cells, in which human liver fragments infected ex vivo with HCV had been transplanted. Viremia (positive-strand HCV RNA levels) in HCV-Trimera mice peaked at approximately day 18 after liver transplantation, and an infection rate of 85% was reached. Viral replication in liver grafts was evidenced by the presence of specific negative-strand HCV RNA. The usefulness of this model for evaluation of anti-HCV agents was demonstrated by the ability of a small molecule (an HCV internal ribosomal entry site inhibitor) and an anti-HCV human monoclonal antibody (HCV AB(XTL)68) to reduce virus loads in HCV-Trimera mice in a dose-dependent manner.
Monoclonal versus polyclonal antibody therapy for prophylaxis against rejection after heart transplantation. (1990)

Between August 1986 and December 1987, 88 patients received either RATG or OKT3 for immunoprophylaxis before heart transplantation. By the end of the first month after transplantation, 25% of the patients who received RATG had experienced a rejection episode compared with 43% of those receiving OKT3. This difference was persistent as many as 4 months after transplantation. While 50% of the OKT3 patients had a second episode of rejection, only 35% of the RATG patients did so. Randomization of these agents was complicated by severe cardiopulmonary side effects attributed to the first dose of OKT3. Five hours after the first dose of OKT3, a 25% drop in mean arterial pressure, accompanied by significant hypoxia, was seen in a majority of patients. There was no difference in the incidence of infection between the two groups.
Highly Selective Membrane-Free, Mediator-Free Glucose Biosensor (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly Selective Membrane-Free, Mediator-Free Glucose BiosensorJoseph. Wang, Jie. Liu, Liang. Chen, and Fang. LuCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 21, 3600–3603Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00093a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00093a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1273Altmetric-Citations152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Broad-Based CD4+ T Cell Responses to Influenza A Virus in a Healthy Individual Who Lacks Typical Immunodominance Hierarchy (2017)

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses have been shown to be important for influenza protection in mouse models and in human volunteers. IAV antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses were found to focus on matrix 1 (M1) and nucleoprotein (NP) at the protein antigen level. At the epitope level, only several epitopes within M1 and NP were recognized by CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. And the epitope-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses showed a typical immunodominance hierarchy in most of the healthy individuals studied. In this study, we reported one case of atypical immunodominance hierarchy of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses to IAV. M1 and NP were still the immunodominant targets of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses. However, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses specific to 11 epitopes derived from M1 and NP were detected and showed no significant immunodominance hierarchy. Such an atypical pattern is likely determined by the individual's HLA alleles. These findings will help us better understand the anti-IAV immunity as a whole and improve future vaccines against IAV.
Production, Purification and Properties of Ribonuclease from Aspergillus niger (1974)

Aspergillus niger NRC–A–1–233 was cultivated by the shaking method. The optimal cultural conditions for ribonuclease (RNase) production were: composition of medium: sucrose, 15%; NH4NO3, 0.2%; KH2PO4, 0.1%; MgSO4·7 aq., 0.025%; initial pH, 2.2; shaking conditions: 50 ml of medium /500 ml flask; cultivation time, 120 hr. The RNase was purified by acid clay treatment and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G–75 columns. The purified RNase was homogeneous by ultracentrifuge and disc electrophoresis.The molecular weight of the RNase was estimated to be 28,500 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel and its isoelectric point was 2.8 by Ampholine electrofocusing method. Digestion rate of RNA by the RNase was 100%. The RNase did not have an exact base specificity and produced four kinds of 3′-nucleotides from yeast RNA.
The biology of metastatic breast cancer (1990)

Early detection and surgical removal of breast cancer are most effective in managing a disease that may affect up to one in ten women in North America and Western Europe. However, one of the most important prognostic indicators for breast cancer is the presence of neoplastic cells in the axillary lymph nodes. The dissemination of cells from a primary lesion, resulting in the progressive growth of metastatic carcinoma in distant sites (including bone, lungs, liver, and brain) is the most common cause of death in breast cancer patients. Experimental studies on the biology of metastatic breast cancer have used rodent tumor systems, and, in recent years, the transplantation of human breast carcinoma cells into athymic mice. The results of such studies, combined with clinical observations, suggest that metastasis is not a random event. The formation of secondary lesions is the result of a sequence of selective events. A better understanding of the metastatic phenotype from cellular and molecular analyses will provide a basis for rational approaches to preventing and treating this most lethal aspect of breast cancer.
Specific Inactivation of 16S Ribosomal RNA Induced by Colicin E3 In Vivo (1971)

Treatment of sensitive Escherichia coli cells with colicin E3 leads to inactivation of 30S ribosomal subunits. In vitro reconstitution of 30S subunits indicates that the E3-induced defect lies solely in the 16S RNA. 16S RNA from E3-treated cells lacks several T(1) RNase oligonucleotides of normal 16S RNA, including the one from the 3'-end of the 16S RNA, as analyzed by the fingerprint technique of Sanger. An RNA fragment about 50 nucleotides long has been isolated from E3-treated cells. This RNA contains the original 3'-terminal oligonucleotide and other oligonucleotides missing in the E3-16S RNA. The results show that colicin E3 treatment causes the cleavage of 16S RNA at a specific position near the 3'-terminus.
Isolation of the serotoninergic 5‐HT4(e) receptor from human heart and comparative analysis of its pharmacological profile in C6‐glial and CHO cell lines (2000)

RT - PCR technique was used to clone the human 5-HT(4(e)) receptor (h5-HT(4(e))) from heart atrium. We showed that this h5-HT(4(e)) receptor splice variant is restricted to brain and heart atrium. Recombinant h5-HT(4(e)) receptor was stably expressed in CHO and C6-glial cell lines at 347 and 88 fmol mg(-1) protein, respectively. Expression of h5-HT(4(e)) receptors at the cell membrane was confirmed by immunoblotting. The receptor binding profile, determined by competition with [(3)H]-GR113808 of a number of 5-HT(4) ligands, was consistent with that previously reported for other 5-HT(4) receptor isoforms. Surprisingly, we found that the rank order of potencies (EC(50)) of 5-HT(4) agonists obtained from adenylyl cyclase functional assays was inversely correlated to their rank order of affinities (K(i)) obtained from binding assays. Furthermore, EC(50) values for 5-HT, renzapride and cisapride were 2 fold lower in C6-glial cells than in CHO cells. ML10302 and renzapride behaved like partial agonists on the h5-HT(4(e)) receptor. These results are in agreement with the reported low efficacy of the these two compounds on L-type Ca(2+) currents and myocyte contractility in human atrium. A constitutive activity of the h5-HT(4(e)) receptor was observed in CHO cells in the absence of any 5-HT(4) ligand and two 5-HT(4) antagonists, GR113808 and ML10375, behaved as inverse agonists. These data show that the h5-HT(4(e)) receptor has a pharmacological profile which is close to the native h5-HT(4) receptor in human atrium with a functional potency which is dependent on the cellular context in which the receptor is expressed.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Testicular Function: Stimulation of Testosterone, Testosterone Precursors, and Sperm Production Despite High Estradiol Levels* (1983)

Excessive gonadotropin stimulation of the testis induced by the administration of high doses of hCG or LH markedly decreases testicular function in experimental animals. The adverse effects of supraphysiological gonadotropin stimulation are thought to be mediated, in part, by the very high levels of estradiol produced. We administered a supraphysiological dosage of hCG together with exogenous testosterone (T) to normal men for several months. The combination of these agents produced very high serum estradiol (E2) levels and (we assume) high intratesticular E2 levels. In this setting of supraphysiological gonadotropin stimulation and high E2 levels, we examined serum levels of T, the δ4 and δ5 steroid precursors of T, and sperm production. After a 3-month control period, five normal men received T enthanate (T; 200 mg, im, weekly) for 3–5 months. Then, while T was continued in the same dosage, all subjects were given hCG (5000 IU, im, three times weekly) for an additional 4–6 months. Serum E2 levels during hCG plus T treatment increased to a mean (±SEM) of 158 ± 16 pg/ml. Despite the very high E2 levels generated by this prolonged administration of hCG and T, hCG stimulated a mean increase of 5.1 ng/ml in the total T level and 0.18 ng/ml in the free T level over those found during T administration alone. These increments in T levels approximate normal blood T levels in man. Significant changes in serum levels of δ4 steroid precursors of T biosynthesis occurred during the study. Serum progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels fell significantly with gonadotropic suppression induced by T administration alone and then increased significantly with hCG stimulation. In contrast to the changes seen in serum levels of δ4 precursors, there were no significant changes in levels of δ5 steroid precursors of T biosynthesis. An increased ratio of 17-hydroxyprogesterone to T during hCG administration was the only suggestion of an E2-induced block in steroid synthesis. hCG also significantly stimulated sperm production, as assessed by sperm concentration, motilities, and morphologies, in spite of the very high serum E2 levels; the mean sperm concentration increased from 1.0 ± 1.0 million/cc during T administration alone to 46 ± 16 million/cc during hCG plus T treatment. We conclude that chronic administration of supraphysiological dosages of hCG can stimulate testicular function in man, despite very high E2 levels, and that hCG in these dosages does not lead to severe testicular regression in man. Perhaps a higher dosage of hCG administered to men would replicate the severe testicular suppression reported in experimental animals. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab56: 720, 1983)
Effects of pH, Temperature, Concentration, and Time on Particle Counts in Lipid‐Containing Total Parenteral Nutrition Admixtures (1986)

It has been standard practice in the United States to separate lipid emulsion from the other components of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) due to the reported instability of admixed intravenous lipid emulsions. Some clinicians, however, have combined all TPN components into one container and administered these admixtures to patients without apparent difficulties. Infusion of all nutrients from one container has many advantages. In this study standard and concentrated admixtures were aseptically prepared using generally accepted guidelines of the nutritional requirements for a 70-kg patient. Treatments of standard and concentrated admixtures consisted of: storing at 4 degrees C without adjusting the pH; increasing the pH to 6.6 and storing at 4 degrees C; increasing the pH to 6.6 and storing at room temperature. Samples were monitored for 3 weeks by means of Coulter Counter analysis, pH determinations, and visual observations. The pH of the admixtures did not change over 3 weeks. Mean counts of particles with sizes between 1.6 and 25.4 mu increased over time for each treatment group. Within treatments, concentrated admixtures had significantly greater particle counts than the corresponding standard admixtures. Within the standard and within the concentrated admixtures, the particle counts were significantly greater for group one than for group three. Particle counts in group two tended to lie between the values of group one and three. Visual signs of emulsion deterioration were greatest in those admixtures in which the pH was not adjusted and occurred earlier in concentrated admixtures.
Expression of murine STF-1, a putative insulin gene transcription factor, in β cells of pancreas, duodenal epithelium and pancreatic exocrine and endocrine progenitors during ontogeny (1995)

The XlHbox 8 homeodomain protein of Xenopus and STF-1, its mammalian homolog, are selectively expressed by beta cells of adult mouse pancreatic islets, where they are likely to regulate insulin expression. We sought to determine whether the expression of the homeobox protein/s during mouse embryonic development was specific to beta cells or, alternatively, whether XlHbox 8/STF-1 protein/s were initially expressed by multipotential precursors and only later became restricted to the insulin-containing cells. With two antibodies, we studied the localization of STF-1 during murine pancreatic development. In embryos, as in adults, STF-1 was expressed by most beta cells, by subsets of the other islet cell types and by mucosal epithelial cells of the duodenum. In addition, most epithelial cells of the pancreatic duct and exocrine cells of the pancreas transiently contained STF-1. We conclude that in mouse, STF-1 not only labels a domain of intestinal epithelial cells but also provides a spatial and temporal marker of endodermal commitment to a pancreatic and subsequently, to an endocrine beta cell fate. We propose a model of pancreatic cell development that suggests that exocrine and endocrine (alpha, beta, delta and PP) cells arise from a common precursor pool of STF-1+ cells and that progression towards a defined monospecific non-beta cell type is correlated with loss of STF-1 expression.
Robust camera pose estimation using 2d fiducials tracking for real-time augmented reality systems (2004)

Augmented reality (AR) deals with the problem of dynamically and accurately align virtual objects with the real world. Among the used methods, vision-based techniques have advantages for AR applications, their registration can be very accurate, and there is no delay between the motion of real and virtual scenes. However, the downfall of these approaches is their high computational cost and lack of robustness. To address these shortcomings we propose a robust camera pose estimation method based on tracking calibrated fiducials in a known 3D environment, the camera location is dynamically computed by the Orthogonal Iteration Algorithm. Experimental results show the robustness and the effectiveness of our approach in the context of real-time AR tracking.