gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
cDNA cloning and induction of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene ( Adh1 ) of maize (1982)

cDNA clones of Adh1, one of two genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; alcohol:NAD(+) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) in the maize genome, have been isolated. They were derived from mRNA extracted from anaerobically treated roots of maize seedlings. Identification was initially made on the basis of molecular weight and electrophoretic properties of the in vitro polypeptide obtained in hybridization-release-translation experiments. The identification was confirmed by antibody precipitation and by the use of maize stocks having different genetic constitutions at the Adh1 locus. The sequence of the longest cDNA segment, approximately 900 base pairs, was determined and appears to code for 168 COOH-terminal amino acids and to have a 3' nontranslated region of 364 base pairs. Reverse Southern hybridizations established that two different Adh1-S stocks produce a mRNA of 1,650 nucleotides, whereas an additional mRNA of 1,750 nucleotides is produced in three Adh1-F stocks. A 50-fold increase in Adh1 mRNA level occurs during anaerobiosis, reaching a maximum at 5 hr. Return to aerobic conditions indicates a half-life of more than 18 hr for the anaerobically induced Adh1 mRNA.
Humanoid robots: a new kind of tool (2000)

Aside from their traditional roles, humanoid robots can be used to explore theories of human intelligence. The authors discuss their project aimed at developing robots that can behave like and interact with humans.
Mapping of the 45M1 epitope to the C‐terminal cysteine‐rich part of the human MUC5AC mucin (2007)

Mucins are large glycoproteins protecting mucosal surfaces throughout the body. Their expressions are tissue-specific, but in disease states such as cystic fibrosis, inflammation and cancer, this specificity can be disturbed. MUC5AC is normally expressed in the mucous cells of the epithelia lining the stomach and the trachea, where it constitutes a major component of the gastric and respiratory mucus. A number of mAbs have been raised against the gastric M1 antigen, an early marker for colonic carcinogenesis. Several of these mAbs recognize epitopes present on MUC5AC, suggesting that MUC5AC is the antigen. However, some of the mAbs raised against the gastric M1 antigen are widely used as antibodies against MUC5AC, despite the fact that their specificity for MUC5AC has not been clearly shown. In this study, we have tested the reactivity of the latter antibodies against a recombinantly expressed C-terminal cysteine-rich part of human MUC5AC. We demonstrate for the first time that the widely used mAb 45M1, as well as 2-12M1 and 166M1, are true antibodies against MUC5AC, with epitopes located in the C-terminal cysteine-rich part of the mucin.
Low Levels of Endogenous Androgens Increase the Risk of Atherosclerosis in Elderly Men: Further Supportive Data (2003)

We have read the interesting paper "Hyperglycemia: An Independent Marker of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Undiagnosed Diabetes" by Umpierrez et al. (1), which is one of the few studies on this issue conducted on a satisfactory number of patients.
Ex Vivo Generated Natural Killer Cells Acquire Typical Natural Killer Receptors and Display a Cytotoxic Gene Expression Profile Similar to Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells (2012)

Ex vivo differentiation systems of natural killer (NK) cells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells are of potential importance for adjuvant immunotherapy of cancer. Here, we analyzed ex vivo differentiation of NK cells from cord blood-derived CD34+ stem cells by gene expression profiling, real-time RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and functional analysis. Additionally, we compared the identified characteristics to peripheral blood (PB) CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) NK cells. The data show sequential expression of CD56 and the CD94 and NKG2 receptor chains during ex vivo NK cell development, resulting finally in the expression of a range of genes with partial characteristics of CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) NK cells from PB. Expression of characteristic NK cell receptors and cytotoxic genes was mainly found within the predominant ex vivo generated population of NKG2A+ NK cells, indicating the importance of NKG2A expression during NK cell differentiation and maturation. Furthermore, despite distinct phenotypic characteristics, the detailed analysis of cytolytic genes expressed within the ex vivo differentiated NK cells revealed a pattern close to CD56(dim) NK cells. In line with this finding, ex vivo generated NK cells displayed potent cytotoxicity. This supports that the ex vivo differentiation system faithfully reproduces major steps of the differentiation of NK cells from their progenitors, constitutes an excellent model to study NK cell differentiation, and is valuable to generate large-scale NK cells appropriate for immunotherapy.
Storage of lactose-hydrolysed dried milk: effect of water activity on the protein nutritional value (1978)

The retention of the protein nutritional value during storage of lactose-hydrolysed dried milk at different water activities (aw) was studied and compared with that of ordinary milk. In the lactose-hydrolysed milk biologically available lysine decreased much more rapidly than in the ordinary milk at all the different aw studied. Thus, at conditions normally accepted for ordinary dried milk (aw approximately 0.2; moisture approximately 4%) there was an available lysine loss in the hydrolysed milk of about 25% after 2 months and about 40% after 6-months storage at room temperature. This occurred without any visible browning. It is concluded that drying to very low aw (less than or equal to 0.11) is necessary to obtain good stability of the protein nutritional value (PNV) in lactose-hydrolysed milk. The drying, however, must be done so that losses in nutritional value are minimal during that process. It should also be noted that fat oxidation might be a problem at such low aw. A chemical method for available lysine assay (guanidination and assay of homoarginine) gave values in good agreement with the biological evaluations with rats.
General stability of thermophilic enzymes: studies on 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus and yeast. (1984)

The thermophilic enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-phospho-D-gluconate:NADP oxidoreductase, decarboxylating, EC 1.1.1.44) from Bacillus stearothermophilus was much more resistant to inactivation under different conditions of temperature, pH, guanidine-hydrochloride, and organic solvents (dioxane, dimethylformamide, acetone) than its mesophilic counterpart from yeast. In addition, the thermophilic enzyme largely withstands proteolysis with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase when compared with the yeast enzyme. It is proposed that thermophilic enzymes are not only thermostable, but also generally more stable to most common protein denaturants than their mesophilic counterparts. Because of their remarkable stability, enzymes isolated from thermophilic microorganisms may be ideally suited for technological applications.
Host Defense and the Airway Epithelium: Frontline Responses That Protect against Bacterial Invasion and Pneumonia (2011)

Airway epithelial cells are the first line of defense against invading microbes, and they protect themselves through the production of carbohydrate and protein matrices concentrated with antimicrobial products. In addition, they act as sentinels, expressing pattern recognition receptors that become activated upon sensing bacterial products and stimulate downstream recruitment and activation of immune cells which clear invading microbes. Bacterial pathogens that successfully colonize the lungs must resist these mechanisms or inhibit their production, penetrate the epithelial barrier, and be prepared to resist a barrage of inflammation. Despite the enormous task at hand, relatively few virulence factors coordinate the battle with the epithelium while simultaneously providing resistance to inflammatory cells and causing injury to the lung. Here we review mechanisms whereby airway epithelial cells recognize pathogens and activate a program of antibacterial pathways to prevent colonization of the lung, along with a few examples of how bacteria disrupt these responses to cause pneumonia.
Analytic model driven organizational design and experimentation in adaptive command and control (1999)

The purpose of this article is to present a methodology for organizational design, as well as to provide guidelines for the design of experiments to examine organizational behavior of command and control teams operating in a complex mission environment. We begin by describing the process of developing a quantitative model of a mission and of the concomitant organization tasked to execute the mission. The hypotheses, to be tested experimentally, are expressed via equations involving the model variables; they provide the criteria for organizational design. We present a multi-objective design process to generate a set of organizational architectures to test the hypotheses. The underlying model is used to provide quantitative predictions of organizational performance. We discuss the model-driven tuning of experimental parameters to amplify the performance differences among distinct organizational designs. The structural diversity of the generated architectures and the variety of performance measures from the models, coupled with experimental data, provide the basis for validating or rejecting the original hypotheses, for identifying human limitations and biases, and for formulating new hypotheses. We also discuss the software implementation of the above steps that not only automates the design process, but also presents the Command and Control (C2) researchers a tool for generating new measures and hypotheses. The methodology presented in this paper can be used to design an executable model for human-in-the-loop model-based experiments that provide the necessary empirical components for current and future research in adaptive C2 architectures. We illustrate our organizational design process via a joint-task-force scenario as operationalized on the distributed dynamic decision-making team-in-the-loop simulator, the DDD-III. The methodology and the software environment introduced constitute valuable instruments for scientific research in the area of organizational decision-making and human team behavior. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Syst Eng 2: 78–107, 1999
Adenoviral-mediated gene therapy of human bladder cancer with antisense interleukin-8 (2001)

We previously demonstrated the importance of interleukin-8 (IL-8) as a mediator of angiogenesis, tumorigenicity, and metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of adenoviral mediated antisense IL-8 gene transfer (Ad IL-8-AS) as therapy for established TCC. In vitro, Ad IL-8-AS inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and enhanced endothelial cell apoptosis. The highly metastatic human TCC cell line 253J B-V(R) was implanted into the subcutis of athymic nude mice, and intralesional therapy with Ad IL-8-AS commenced when the tumors reached a diameter between 5 and 7 mm. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited compared with therapy in controls (saline and beta-galactosidase adenovirus). Ad IL-8-AS therapy decreased the in vivo expression of IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinase type 9 (MMP-9), reduced microvessel density, and enhanced endothelial cell apoptosis. These results indicate that Ad IL-8-AS therapy targets both tumor cells and host endothelial cells resulting in endothelial cell apoptosis and significant inhibition of tumor growth.
Camptothecin delivery systems: the utility of amino acid spacers for the conjugation of camptothecin with polyethylene glycol to create prodrugs. (1999)

The primary purpose of this study was to screen individual amino acid spacers in polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated camptothecin for their impact on the conjugates' antitumor activity. Secondly, an active member of this series was used to assess the PEG-camptothecin conjugate's efficacy against a battery of solid tumor types. PEG-camptothecin is a novel water soluble transport form (macromolecular prodrug) of the naturally derived antitumor drug, 20-(S)-camptothecin (CPT). Rates of hydrolysis were studied in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the plasma of both rats and humans. In vivo efficacy screens were performed against P388/0 murine leukemia and LS174T human colon solid tumor xenograft models. The results showed that while all the derivatives had considerable stability in PBS, their rates of hydrolysis varied in both rat and human plasma according to the amino acid spacer employed. Not surprisingly, changing the amino acid also affected in vivo toxicity and efficacy in the treatment of ascites and solid tumors. A representative of this amino acid series, PEG-alanine-CPT, which showed moderate activity in the solid tumor screen, was chosen for evaluation of efficacy across a wide range of solid tumor types and demonstrated significant antitumor activity (% T/C < 30%) in all tested xenograft models (colon, ovarian, mammary, lung, pancreatic and prostate). Therefore, this study showed that the use of specific amino acid spacers affected both the PEG-camptothecin conjugates' breakdown and biological activity. We anticipate that using these insights, this soluble macromolecular transport technology could be successfully employed with a number of antitumor drugs.
Nachwort (1993)

Als westlicher Initiator und Mitherausgeber bin ich sehr froh, daß es gelungen ist, jüngere wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter der Leipziger Universität in ihrer jetzigen prekären Arbeits- und Lebenssituation zur Mitwirkung an diesem Band zu bewegen und damit in den Chor der vielen Fremdbeurteilungen auch einige Stimmen der Selbstreflexion einzuflechten. Jenseits aller natürlich möglichen Kritik an ihren Beiträgen verdient ihre Arbeit neben Aufmerksamkeit auch Respekt. Aufgewachsen, sozialisiert und professionalisiert im Kontext des Marxismus-Leninismus sind sie neben dem Verlust ihrer Stellen in unterschiedlichem Maße eben auch mit der völligen gesellschaftlichen Entwertung ihres Wissens und der Ergebnisse ihrer bisherigen Arbeit konfrontiert — eine Situation, die kognitiv wie psychologisch extrem viel von ihnen verlangt. In dieser Situation hat es sich für mich verboten, in die von ihnen angefertigten Texte einzugreifen. Neben allen hoffentlich nützlichen Informationen und wissenschaftlichen Analysen, die sie zur Versachlichung einer bisher überwiegend politisch geführten Diskussion beitragen könnten, sind sie sprachlich und inhaltlich — so wie sie sind — eben auch authentische Dokumente.
Branched co-polymers of histidine and lysine are efficient carriers of plasmids (2001)

We previously determined that a linear co-polymer of histidine and lysine (HK) in combination with liposomes enhanced the transfection efficiency of cationic liposomes. In the current study, we designed a series of HK polymers with increased branching and/or histidine/lysine ratio to determine if either variable affects transfection efficiency. In the presence of liposomes, the branched polymer with the highest number of histidines, HHK4b, was the most effective at enhancing gene expression. Furthermore, when serum was added to the medium during transfection, the combination of HHK4b and liposomes as a gene-delivery vehicle increased luciferase expression 400-fold compared to liposomes alone. In contrast to linear HK polymers, the higher branched HHK polymers were effective carriers of plasmids in the absence of liposomes. Without liposomes, the HHK4b carrier enhanced luciferase expression 15-fold in comparison with the lesser branched HHK2b carrier and increased expression by 5-logs in comparison with the HHK or HK carrier. The interplay of several parameters including increased condensation of DNA, buffering of acidic endosomes and differential binding affinities of polymer with DNA have a role in the enhancement of transfection by the HK polymers. In addition to suggesting that branched HK polymers are promising gene-delivery vehicles, this study provides a framework for the development of more efficient peptide-bond-based polymers of histidine and lysine.
Selective reactivity of antibodies to human immunoglobulins G, M, and A with rubella virus proteins (1985)

Proteins of purified rubella virus were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and immunoblotted with human sera and immunoglobulin class heavy-chain-specific peroxidase conjugates. The levels of rubella antibodies in these sera were predetermined by the radial hemolysis test, the density gradient centrifugation method for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies, and IgG-, IgM-, and IgA-specific enzyme immunoassays. In immunoblotting, rubella-specific IgG antibodies reacted with both envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2) and the capsid protein (C). In contrast, rubella IgM antibodies reacted predominantly with E1, whereas the specific reactivity of IgA antibodies was directed mainly to the capsid protein. Purified IgM rheumatoid factor added to IgG-positive, IgM-negative serum did not give false-positive reactivity in the immunoblotting test as it did in solid-phase enzyme immunoassays. The immunoglobulin class-specific reactivities with the different viral proteins are expected to have diagnostic applications.
Reduced Virulence of Trichothecene-Nonproducing Mutants ofGibberella zeaein Wheat Field Tests (1996)

We have analyzed the role of trichothecene toxins in the virulence of the fungus Gibberella zeae (anamorph, Fusarium graminearum) on wheat (Triticum aestivum). Trichothecene-nonproducing mutants of G. zeae were obtained by disrupting Tri5, the gene encoding trichodiene synthase, which catalyzes the first committed step in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway. Trichothecene-nonproducing mutants appear to be normal in growth and development under laboratory conditions. One such mutant was selfed to generate a meiotic revertant that lost the disruption vector and recovered trichothecene production. In the present study, virulence was assessed in 1994 and 1995 by controlled field inoculation of G. zeae spore suspensions into flowering wheat heads. Trichothecene-nonproducing (Tri5-) mutants were less virulent than the trichothecene-producing (Tri5+) parental and revertant strains in their ability to cause head scab on field-grown wheat. Although trichothecene-nonproducing strains colonized wheat heads, the infected heads showed less disease by several parameters we tested, including head bleaching symptoms, seed weight, seed viability, and trichothecene contamination. This evidence indicates that trichothecenes are virulence factors in wheat head scab.
Sequence verification of human creatine kinase (43 kDa) isozymes by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. (1995)

Amino acid sequencing by recombinant DNA technology, although dramatically useful, is subject to base reading errors, is indirect, and is insensitive to posttranslational processing. Mass spectrometry techniques can provide molecular weight data from even relatively large proteins for such cDNA sequences and can serve as a check of an enzyme's purity and sequence integrity. Multiply-charged ions from electrospray ionization can be dissociated to yield structural information by tandem mass spectrometry, providing a second method for gaining additional confidence in primary sequence confirmation. Here, accurate (+/- 1 Da) molecular weight and molecular ion dissociation information for human muscle and brain creatine kinases has been obtained by electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier-transform mass spectrometry to help distinguish which of several published amino acid sequences for both enzymes are correct. The results herein are consistent with one published sequence for each isozyme, and the heterogeneity indicated by isoelectric focusing due to 1-Da deamidation changes. This approach appears generally useful for detailed sequence verification of recombinant proteins.
Oligonucleotide Conjugates: Alteration of the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Antisense Agents (1995)

Abstract Cholic acid, cholesterol, several polyamines and polyethylene glycols were conjugated to antisense oligonucleotides targeted to human or murine intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA to study their effects on cellular absorption.
Synthesis and secretion of hemopexin in primary cultures of rat hepatocyts (1985)

Secretion of hemopexin (20% carbohydrate) and its dependence on glycosylation was studied in primary rat hepatocyte cultures in comparison to the secretion of transferrin (5% carbohydrate). In pulse-chase experiments with [35S]methionine half of the labeled hemopexin was secreted in 30 min. By contrast, it took approximately 50 min for secretion of half of the transferrin. Tunicamycin treatment of cultures significantly delayed the secretion of hemopexin but not that of transferrin. During the pulse period a prominent intracellular precursor of hemopexin, smaller than the mature protein, was evident. It is concluded that the extent of glycosylation of a secretory protein is not necessarily a determinant of the transit time required for intracellular processing and secretion. In the case of hemopexin the glycosylation apparently facilitates the secretion although it is not an absolute prerequisite for the exocytosis of this protein.
BRAZILIAN ACCOUNTANT COMPETENCE: ANALYSES AND REFLECTIONS WITH PAPERS IAESB / IFAC (2010)

The main objective of this paper is to understand which are the competences of the accountant, compare them with the international studies and evaluate the existence of competences to prioritize. The motivation for this questioning are the statements by Hardern (1995), Morgan (1997), IMA (1996 and 1999) and IFAC (2003). The theoretical base on competences is related to the study by McClelland (1973,1998), Boyatzis (1982) and Spencer & Spencer (1993). This research is based on the study of 18 competences on the knowledge; skills and attitudes obtained from the accountant literature and were submitted to 159 managing accountants. The instrument for the collection of data presented a cronbach alpha of 0.834. As off a factorial analysis and after the Kruskal-Wallis test, 12 competences were obtained as the most relevant segregated into 3 factors; in the comparison with the international studies of nine common competences, 4 were not considered relevant in the statistical tests and only one should be prioritized. Results show differences among the competences required from the Brazilian managing accountants and from other countries, the reason for this still remaining an open question until now.
Identification of a candidate prognostic gene signature by transcriptome analysis of matched pre- and post-treatment prostatic biopsies from patients with advanced prostate cancer (2014)

Here we report on the first "real-time" in vivo RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis of clinical PCa from pre- and post-treatment TRUSS-guided biopsies of patients treated with docetaxel chemotherapy plus ADT. We identify a chemotherapy-driven PCa transcriptome profile which includes the down-regulation of important positive regulators of cell cycle progression. A 7 gene signature biomarker panel has also been identified in high-risk prostate cancer patients to be of prognostic value. Future prospective study is warranted to evaluate the clinical value of this panel.