gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Medical Music-Care Therapy for Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2017)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are categorized as neurodevelopmental disorders by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). ASD, which is frequently comorbid with ADHD, is characterized by difficulties with communication, behavior, and/or social interaction. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders often have a developmental coordination disorder owing to impaired cerebellar function, which has been shown to cause difficulties with physical balance. It is very difficult for such children to ride a tricycle or bicycle, turn a skipping rope, and go down a flight of stairs.
An Evaluation of the Electrical Properties and Bio-Behavioral Effects of Four Commercially Available Tasers and the JAYCOR Sticky Shocker (2003)

Abstract : The is a device that propels two darts into a subject and transmits short pulses of electric current through wires, causing involuntary muscle contractions that incapacitate. Four commercially available TASERs (Tasertron's Model TE86 and Model 95HP; International's Model 34000 Air TASER and Model 44000 M26 TASER) and a prototype self-contained TASER-like device (Jaycor's Sticky Shocker) were tested for effectiveness. The output voltage of each was obtained using four different voltage divider dummy loads: 100, 1,000, 5,000, and 10,000 ohms. Eleven minipigs (Sus scrofa) were exposed to the output of each device for 15 sec, with a minimum rest period of 45 hrs between succeeding exposures. All of the devices caused most animals to run in circles. These swine were able to maintain posture and to jump. Rhythmic contractions of the thorax and abdominal muscles were also observed. Only one device, the International Model 44000 M26 advanced TASER, caused a loss of posture (7 of 11 animals). Two of the 7 were able to regain posture while being tasered. The relative effectiveness of the various devices appeared to be related to total charge flux, with the M26 Advanced having the largest value by far. maximizing the total charge flux output from a should be the basis for any program designed to increase the device's effectiveness.
DECEMBER (2015)

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Nutritional treatment of liver cirrhosis by branched-chain amino acid-enriched nutrient mixture. (1985)

The effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched nutrient mixture (nutrient-mixture) on the nitrogen metabolism and nutritional state were clinically investigated in 10 patients with liver cirrhosis. Nutrient-mixture-supplemented diet was prepared by adding 150 g nutrient-mixture daily to low-protein diet, and comparisons were made with a regular diet (control diet). Each diet supplied 2,100 kcal energy and 80 g protein per day. Patients were given control diet for 2 weeks and thereafter treated successively with nutrient-mixture-supplemented and control diet each for 2 weeks. Nitrogen balance improvement and positive balance were observed during the feeding of nutrient-mixture-supplemented diet. The composition of nitrogen compounds in urine and the fecal nitrogen excretion did not alter during the test period. Plasma aromatic amino acid (AAA) concentrations decreased and BCAA/AAA molar ratios increased significantly during the 1st and 2nd week of nutrient-mixture-supplemented diet administration. Plasma methionine concentration also decreased in the 1st week. Plasma pre-albumin levels rose significantly during the 1st and 2nd week of nutrient-mixture-supplemented diet administration, and the number connection test improved significantly following the supplemented diet. These results suggest that the use of nutrient-mixture in the nutritional treatment of liver cirrhosis had no deleterious effects on nitrogen metabolism and is useful for the improvement of plasma amino acid imbalance and protein-energy malnutrition.
Plasminogen deficiency accelerates vessel wall disease in mice predisposed to atherosclerosis (1997)

A critical link between hemostatic factors and atherosclerosis has been inferred from a variety of indirect observations, including the expression of procoagulant and fibrinolytic factors within atherosclerotic vessels, the presence of fibrin in intimal lesions, and the cellular infiltration of mural thrombi leading to their incorporation into developing plaques. To directly examine the role of the key fibrinolytic factor, plasminogen, in atherogenesis, plasminogen-deficient mice were crossed to hypercholesterolemic, apolipoprotein E-deficient mice predisposed to atherosclerosis. We report that the loss of plasminogen greatly accelerates the formation of intimal lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient animals, whereas plasminogen deficiency alone does not cause appreciable atherosclerosis. These studies provide direct evidence that circulating hemostatic factors strongly influence vessel wall disease in the context of a disorder in lipid metabolism.
Rabies-based vaccine induces potent immune responses against Nipah virus (2019)

Nipah Virus (NiV) is a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen in the genus <i>Henipavirus</i> of the <i>Paramyxoviridae</i> family of viruses. NiV is endemic to Bangladesh and Malaysia and is highly fatal to both livestock and humans (human case fatality rate = 74.5%). Currently, there is no approved vaccine against NiV on the market. The goal of this study was to use a recombinant RABV vector expressing NiV glycoprotein (NiV G) to develop a bivalent candidate vaccine against NiV disease and rabies virus (RABV) disease, which is also a significant health burden in the regions where NiV is endemic. The rabies vector is a well-established vaccine strain that lacks neurovirulence and can stably expresses foreign antigens that are immunogenic in various animal models. Mice inoculated intranasally with the live recombinant RABV/NiV vaccine (NIPARAB) showed no signs of disease. To test the immunogenicity of the vaccine candidate, groups of C57BL/6 mice were immunized intramuscularly with a single dose of live vaccine particles or two doses of chemically inactivated viral particles. Both vaccination groups showed NiV G-specific seroconversion, and the inactivated (INAC) vaccine group yielded higher titers of NiV G-specific antibodies. Furthermore, cross-reactivity of NiV G-specific immune sera against Hendra virus (HeV), was confirmed by immunofluorescence (IF) and indirect ELISA against soluble recombinant HeV glycoprotein (HeV G). Both live and killed vaccines induced neutralizing antibodies. These results indicate that NIPARAB may be used as a killed virus vaccine to protect humans against NiV and RABV, and possibly as a preventative measure against HeV as well.
Lymphokine enhances the expression and synthesis of Ia antigens on cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. (1980)

Soluble products from antigen stimulated Trypanosoma cruzi-immune spleen cells enhanced the expression of Ia antigens on proteose-peptone-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages (M phi). Acquisition of Ia paralleled M phi activation, previously shown to be mediated by this same source of lymphokine (LK). Expression of Ia and four other plasma membrane antigens was monitored by quantitative binding and radioautographic studies with 125I-monoclonal antibodies. Immune LK selectively enhanced expression of Ia and, to a lesser extent, H-2D relative to control LK from antigen-stimulated noninfected spleen. The levels of three other non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, including the trypsin-resistant Fc receptor, were similar in cells exposed to both sources of LK. As little as 1% immune LK induced one-half maximal expression of Ia. Kinetic studies revealed that much of the Ia on freshly explanted peritoneal M phi was lost during the 1st d of culture. In the continued presence of immune LK, Ia was re-expressed on virtually all M phi by the 2nd and 3rd d. Alternatively, > 95% Ia negative populations were obtained by culturing the cells 3 d; then, addition of LK induced Ia on most cells within 1 d. Once induced, Ia persisted on the M phi surface for at least 2 d. [35S]methionine radiolabeling indicated that immune LK selectively increased radiolabeling of M phi Ia, again with other non-MHC-linked plasma membrane polypeptides as controls. LK-induced Ia-bearing M phi were tested as primary mixed leukocyte reaction stimulators. 1 x 10(5)-2 x 10(5) M phi did not stimulate 4.5 x 10(6) responding T cells, whereas 10(4) dendritic cells induced strong responses, as previously described. Because Ia-positive M phi do not actively sensitize T cells in a model immune response, we propose that M phi MHC products serve primarily as recognition sites for previously sensitized T cells, thereby enhancing T cell-mediated M phi activation.
Nowcasting (2012)

Abstract This article presents a statistical framework for estimating the current state of the economy (together with the recent past and near future) in a way in which the latest releases of high-frequency economic data can be incorporated, and in a way in which the impact of the latest release on the forecast can be readily assessed (providing a narrative to the changes in the estimate/forecast over time as more information accrues). It is organized as follows. Section 2 defines the problem of nowcasting in general and relates it to the concept of news in macroeconomic data releases. Section 3 explains the details of the approach. Section 4 discusses related literature. Section 5 illustrates the characteristics of the model via an application to the nowcast of GDP and inflation in the euro area. Section 6 discusses issues for further research, while Section 7 concludes.
Nucleotide sequence of a full-length complementary DNA clone and amino acid sequence of human phenylalanine hydroxylase (1985)

A full-length human phenylalanine hydroxylase complementary DNA (cDNA) clone was isolated from a human liver cDNA library, and the nucleotide sequence encoding the entire enzyme was determined. The cDNA clone contains an inserted DNA fragment of 2448 base pairs, including 19 base pairs of poly(A) at the 3' end. The first methionine codon occurs at nucleotide position 223, followed by an open reading frame of 1353 base pairs, encoding 451 amino acids. Translation of the nucleotide sequence in the open reading frame predicts the amino acid sequence of human phenylalanine hydroxylase. The human protein shows a 96% amino acid sequence homology with the corresponding rat enzyme. The determination of the complete primary structure for phenylalanine hydroxylase represents the first among mixed-function oxidases.
Stimulated emission in semiconductor quantum wire heterostructures (1989)

We report the first observation of stimulated emission in quasi-one-dimensional semiconductor quantum wires. Amplified spontaneous emission and stimulated emission spectra of the GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wires exhibit fine structure arising from transitions between lateral, one-dimensional electron and hole subbands. The observed subband separations, \ensuremath{\sim}10 meV, are consistent with the calculated ones.
TricycloDNA-modified oligo-2′-deoxyribonucleotides reduce scavenger receptor B1 mRNA in hepatic and extra-hepatic tissues—a comparative study of oligonucleotide length, design and chemistry (2012)

We report the evaluation of 20-, 18-, 16- and 14-mer phosphorothioate (PS)-modified tricycloDNA (tcDNA) gapmer antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) in T(m), cell culture and animal experiments and compare them to their gap-matched 20-mer 2'-O-methoxyethyl (MOE) and 14-mer 2',4'-constrained ethyl (cEt) counterparts. The sequence-matched 20-mer tcDNA and MOE ASOs showed similar T(m) and activity in cell culture under free-uptake and cationic lipid-mediated transfection conditions, while the 18-, 16- and 14-mer tcDNA ASOs were moderate to significantly less active. These observations were recapitulated in the animal experiments where the 20-mer tcDNA ASO formulated in saline showed excellent activity (ED(50) 3.9 mg/kg) for reducing SR-B1 mRNA in liver. The tcDNA 20-mer ASO also showed better activity than the MOE 20-mer in several extra-hepatic tissues such as kidney, heart, diaphragm, lung, fat, gastrocnemius and quadriceps. Interestingly, the 14-mer cEt ASO showed the best activity in the animal experiments despite significantly lower T(m) and 5-fold reduced activity in cell culture relative to the 20-mer tcDNA and MOE-modified ASOs. Our experiments establish tcDNA as a useful modification for antisense therapeutics and highlight the role of chemical modifications in influencing ASO pharmacology and pharmacokinetic properties in animals.
Soluble Antigen and CD40 Triggering Are Sufficient to Induce Primary and Memory Cytotoxic T Cells (2000)

The signals directing induction of tolerance rather than immunity are largely unknown. The CD8 T cell response to soluble Ags generally results in deletional tolerance following transient, costimulation-dependent activation. We demonstrated that CD40 signaling reversed the outcome of this response. Adoptive transfer of OVA-specific CD8 T cells followed by soluble OVA immunization resulted in induction of lytic activity and optimal clonal expansion only when CD40 was triggered via an agonistic mAb. Activation of CD8 T cells by CD40 signaling was indirect, because CD40 expression by host cells was required. CD40 signaling along with soluble Ag immunization also induced expansion of secondary lymphoid and intestinal mucosal endogenous OVA-specific CD8 T cells as detected by MHC tetramer reactivity. When CD40 activation was included, long-lived secondary lymphoid and mucosal memory CD8 cells were generated from adoptively transferred and endogenous CD8 T cells. Mucosal and peripheral CD8 memory cells exhibited constitutive Ag-specific lytic activity, with mucosal memory cells being 10-fold more lytic than splenic or lymph node memory cells. These results demonstrated that CD40 signaling during a response to a poorly immunogenic soluble Ag was necessary and sufficient for CTL and memory T cell induction.
Design of gas‐phase synthesis of core‐shell particles by computational fluid–aerosol dynamics (2010)

Core-shell particles preserve the bulk properties (e.g. magnetic, optical) of the core while its surface is modified by a shell material. Continuous aerosol coating of core TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles with nanothin silicon dioxide shells by jet injection of hexamethyldisiloxane precursor vapor downstream of titania particle formation is elucidated by combining computational fluid and aerosol dynamics. The effect of inlet coating vapor concentration and mixing intensity on product shell thickness distribution is presented. Rapid mixing of the core aerosol with the shell precursor vapor facilitates efficient synthesis of hermetically coated core-shell nanoparticles. The predicted extent of hermetic coating shells is compared to the measured photocatalytic oxidation of isopropanol by such particles as hermetic SiO<sub>2</sub> shells prevent the photocatalytic activity of titania. Finally the performance of a simpler, plug-flow coating model is assessed by comparisons to the present detailed CFD model in terms of coating efficiency and silica average shell thickness and texture.
Synthesis, Biophysical, and Biochemical Properties of PNA-DNA Chimeras (2003)

Three PNA-DNA chimeric dimer synthons (tT, upT and uhT, see Sch. 1) have been synthesized in solution and used to make T20-analogue chimeras applying standard solid-phase DNA synthesis protocol. Duplex forming ability of chimeras with dA20 and their hydrolyses by 3'- and 5'-exonucleases (snake venom and bovine spleen phosphodiesterase, respectively) have been investigated.
The CYP2A subfamily: function, expression and genetic polymorphism. (1999)

The CYP2A6 gene is one of the three members of the human CYP2A gene subfamily, the others being CYP2A7 and CYP2A13. The CYP2A6 enzyme catalyses the oxidation of several compounds that have clinical or toxicological interest, including pharmaceuticals, procarcinogens, and tobacco smoke constituents. CYP2A6 is expressed mainly in liver, and only trace amounts are found in extrahepatic tissues. Coumarin is a high-affinity substrate for CYP2A6, and a phenotyping test based on coumarin 7-hydroxylation has been developed. Two mutant alleles of the CYP2A6 gene have been found, i.e. CYP2A6*2 and CYP2A6*3. Homozygosity for both mutated alleles appears to confer a poor metabolizer (PM) phenotype, detectable by slow or non-existent 7-hydroxylation of coumarin. Very little is known about the inducibility and regulation of CYP2A6, but studies on the mouse orthologue, CYP2A5, have revealed novel pathways for induction. Since CYP2A6 polymorphism was found fairly recently, nothing is known presently about associations between variant CYP2A6 alleles and diseases or other adverse outcomes of exposure to toxins. Such studies, however, are clearly warranted, given the wide range of procarcinogens and other toxins metabolized by the CYP2A6 enzyme.
Micromachining with a force microscope tip assisted by electrostatic force (1996)

We present a new technique for surface modification with a force microscope tip. By using electrostatic force between a cantilever and a sample surface, deformation on the surface can be performed with a very large load on the order of 10−6 N, even if the spring constant of the cantilever is small (on the order of 10−2 N/m). Because the tip does not shift laterally while the load is applied, pits are produced with precise positioning. Furthermore, very fast response of the modification on the order of 10−6 s was obtained.
Dilute sodium hyaluronate (Healon) in the treatment of ocular surface disorders. (1985)

The use of dilute (1/10%) sodium hyaluronate (Healon) eyedrops has given definite subjective patient improvement in a variety of ocular surface disorders, especially keratitis sicca. No adverse effects of the sodium hyaluronate drops have been encountered in patients who have used the drops for as long as two years. Masked trials and objective improvement of corneal staining patterns have also confirmed its efficacy.
Effect of Sodium Sulfite, Sodium Bisulfite, Cysteine, and pH on Protein Solubility and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate−Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Soybean Milk Base (1997)

Protein modification is often used to improve the functional properties of proteins in many different food products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of modification of soy proteins with sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, and cysteine on the protein solubility of a soy milk base, as determined by protein dispersibility index (PDI). An increase in the PDI was observed at 6−8 mmol/L concentration of each reagent; the most effective was sodium bisulfite, followed by sodium sulfite and cysteine. Sodium dodecyl sulfate−polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS−PAGE) showed that chemical treatments resulted in an increase in the intensity of several bands with molecular weights of 16 000−20 000, 32 000−42 000, 60 000, and 90 000, which correspond to the polypeptides of the two major proteins of soybean, i.e., 11S (glycinin) and 7S (β-conglycinin) globulins. These data suggest that the chemical treatment has cleaved the disulfide bonds which link the polypeptides, thereby increasing the PDI. pH has a significant effect on PDI; the highest PDI was obtained at pH 9, and the intensity of several protein bands in SDS−PAGE increased with increase in pH from 6 to 9. Freezing soy milk base at −18 °C for 1−4 weeks resulted in a drastic decline in the PDI. Keywords: Soy milk; glycinin; β-conglycinin; SDS−PAGE; PDI
Adherence of Borrelia burgdorferi to the proteoglycan decorin (1995)

Lyme disease is a tick-borne infection that can develop into a chronic, multisystemic disorder. The causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, is initially deposited by the tick into the host dermis, where it associates with collagen fibers, replicates, and eventually disseminates to other tissues. We have examined the adherence of the spirochete to different components of the collagen fiber and demonstrated that decorin, a proteoglycan which decorates collagen fibers, can support the attachment of B. burgdorferi. No significant direct attachment to isolated type I or III collagens could be detected. Attachment of the spirochetes to decorin was highly specific, and the process could be inhibited by soluble decorin but not by various unlabeled, unrelated components. B. burgdorferi also bound soluble 125I-labeled decorin in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Spirochete binding of soluble 125I-labeled decorin required intact proteoglycan and could not be inhibited by either isolated core protein or glycosaminoglycan chain. B. burgdorferi expresses two decorin-binding proteins with apparent molecular masses of 19 and 20 kDa as revealed in a Western blot (immunoblot)-type assay. Our results indicate that decorin may mediate the adherence of B. burgdorferi to collagen fibers in skin and other tissues.
Alleles of Pto and Fen occur in bacterial speck-susceptible and fenthion-insensitive tomato cultivars and encode active protein kinases. (1997)

The Pto gene was derived originally from the wild tomato species Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium and confers resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato strains expressing the avirulence gene avrPto. The Fen gene is also derived from L. pimpinellifolium and confers sensitivity to the insecticide fenthion. We have now isolated and characterized the alleles of Pto and Fen from cultivated tomato, L. esculentum, and designated them pto and fen. High conservation of genome organization between the two tomato species allowed us to identify the pto and fen alleles from among the cluster of closely related Pto gene family members. The pto and fen alleles are transcribed and have uninterrupted open reading frames that code for predicted proteins that are 87 and 98% identical to the Pto and Fen protein kinases, respectively. In vitro autophosphorylation assays revealed that both the pto and fen alleles encode active kinases. In addition, the pto kinase phosphorylates a previously characterized substrate of Pto, the Pto-interacting Pti1 serine/threonine kinase. However, the pto kinase shows impaired interaction with Pti1 and with several previously isolated Pto-interacting proteins in the yeast two-hybrid system. The observation that pto and fen are active kinases and yet do not confer bacterial speck resistance or fenthion sensitivity suggests that the amino acid substitutions distinguishing them from Pto and Fen may interfere with recognition of the corresponding signal molecule or with protein-protein interactions involved in the Pto- and Fen-mediated signal transduction pathways.
Distribution of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in human and rat ocular tissues. (2000)

Glucocorticoid target receptors and the enzymes regulating glucocorticoid activity at these receptors are present in mammalian ocular tissues, which regulate aqueous humor formation and outflow. Alteration in the number or affinity of receptors or in the activity of regulatory enzymes may alter the susceptibility of certain individuals to the effects of glucocorticoids on intraocular pressure.
Invasion percolation: a new form of percolation theory (1983)

A new kind of percolation problem is described which differs from ordinary percolation theory in that it automatically finds the critical points of the system. The model is motivated by the problem of one fluid displacing another from a porous medium under the action of capillary forces, but in principle it may be applied to any kind of invasion process which proceeds along a path at least resistance. The name invasion percolation is proposed for this new process. Similarities to, and differences from, ordinary percolation theory are discussed.