gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Cell Culture Techniques for Cancer Drug Discovery (2014)

Human cancer cell lines are an integral part of drug discovery practices. However, modeling the complexity of cancer utilizing these cell lines on standard plastic substrata, does not accurately represent the tumor microenvironment. Research into developing advanced tumor cell culture models in a three-dimensional (3D) architecture that more prescisely characterizes the disease state have been undertaken by a number of laboratories around the world. These 3D cell culture models are particularly beneficial for investigating mechanistic processes and drug resistance in tumor cells. In addition, a range of molecular mechanisms deconstructed by studying cancer cells in 3D models suggest that tumor cells cultured in two-dimensional monolayer conditions do not respond to cancer therapeutics/compounds in a similar manner. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of utilizing 3D cell culture models in drug discovery programs; however, it is evident that further research is required for the development of more complex models that incorporate the majority of the cellular and physical properties of a tumor.
PATHOGENESIS OF HYPERCALCAEMIA OF MALIGNANCY (1985)

The hypercalcaemia of malignancy is multi-factorial, even within individual tumours. In most cases, hypercalcaemia is due to a combination of increased bone resorption associated with decreased renal capacity to excrete the increased extracellular fluid calcium. In solid tumours such as carcinoma of the lung, tumour-derived growth factors are probably primarily responsible for the increased bone resorption, and a separate family of factors which interact with some parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptors cause increased renal tubular calcium reabsorption. PTH production by non-parathyroid tumours rarely if ever occurs. In contrast, haematological malignancies such as myeloma and T-cell lymphomas produce locally acting bone resorbing lymphokines in excessive amounts. Some T-cell lymphomas in addition have the capacity to metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. In myeloma, impaired glomerular filtration frequently contributes to the pathogenesis of hypercalcaemia by impairing renal compensatory mechanisms for maintaining normal serum calcium concentrations in the presence of increased bone resorption.
Human action recognition using a temporal hierarchy of covariance descriptors on 3D joint locations (2013)

Human action recognition from videos is a chal-lenging machine vision task with multiple im-portant application domains, such as human-robot/machine interaction, interactive entertain-ment, multimedia information retrieval, and surveillance. In this paper, we present a novel ap-proach to human action recognition from 3D skele-ton sequences extracted from depth data. We use the covariance matrix for skeleton joint locations over time as a discriminative descriptor for a se-quence. To encode the relationship between joint movement and time, we deploy multiple covari-ance matrices over sub-sequences in a hierarchical fashion. The descriptor has a fixed length that is independent from the length of the described se-quence. Our experiments show that using the co-variance descriptor with an off-the-shelf classifica-tion algorithm outperforms the state of the art in ac-tion recognition on multiple datasets, captured ei-ther via a Kinect-type sensor or a sophisticated mo-tion capture system. We also include an evaluation on a novel large dataset using our own annotation. 1
Stem cell factor (c-kit ligand) influences eosinophil recruitment and histamine levels in allergic airway inflammation (1996)

The increased reactivity of mast cells during allergic airway inflammation has been linked to several aspects of pulmonary disease. A primary inducer of mast cell differentiation, proliferation, and activation has been identified as c-kit ligand or stem cell factor (SCF). In the present study, we used an established murine model of allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation to examine the role of SCF during an Ag-specific airway response. Initial data demonstrates increased SCF protein production at 8 h postchallenge in both lungs and serum of allergen-challenged, but not vehicle-challenged, mice. The immunolocalization of SCF in Ag-challenged lungs suggested that macrophage populations were the primary source of SCF, while epithelial cell regions also stained positive. Intense immunohistochemical staining of macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage samples recovered from Ag-sensitized mice indicate that these cells may be a significant source of SCF in the lungs. Alveolar macrophages from the airways of normal mice stimulated with either TNF (0.1-10 ng/ml) or IL-4 (10 ng/ml) produced significant levels of SCF. Furthermore, neutralization studies demonstrated that the inhibition of airway SCF during allergen challenge significantly decreased eosinophil, but not neutrophil, infiltration throughout the response. Furthermore, when mice were treated with anti-SCF Ab, histamine levels were significantly reduced at 8 h postchallenge, the time of significant SCF production. Together, these data indicate that the production of SCF during Ag-induced lung inflammation by alveolar macrophages can play a significant role in the subsequent recruitment of eosinophils, possibly via mast cell activation and degranulation.
Primer3 on the WWW for General Users and for Biologist Programmers (2003)

Designing PCR and sequencing primers are essential activities for molecular biologists around the world. This chapter assumes acquaintance with the principles and practice of PCR, as outlined in, for example, refs. 1–4.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Bis (hydroxy-2-benzofuranyl) ketone Derivatives (1985)

Bis (methoxy-2-benzofuranyl) ketones (IIa-e) were synthesized by the reaction of 1, 3-dichloro-2-propanone with methoxysalicylaldehydes (Ia-e) in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Bis (hydroxy-2-benzofuranyl) ketones (IIIa-e) were prepared from IIa-e by treatment with alminium chloride. Bis (7-hydroxy-2-benzofuranyl) methane (IV) was obtained by reduction of bis (7-hydroxy-2-benzofuranyl) ketone (IIIa) with 80% hydrazine monohydrate in the presence of potassium hydroxide. Bis (7-hydroxy-2-benzofuranyl) methanol (V) was prepared by reduction of IIIa with sodium borohydride. Some of these compounds showed an antiviral activity against influenza virus in vitro. Bis (6-hydroxy-2-benzofuranyl) ketone (IIIb) was most active in the screening of in vitro, which was also effective in vivo.
LIVER PARENCHYMAL CELL INJURY (1963)

The structure of the endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus of the liver parenchymal cell is strikingly altered within 1 hour following the administration of a single oral dose of carbon tetrachloride to rats. Progressive loss of glucose-6-phosphatase activity accompanies dispersal of the ergastoplasm. Electron microscopy reveals that these changes are associated with vacuolization of the cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, degranulation of its membranes, and the appearance of increased number of free ribosomes in the adjacent cytoplasmic matrix. Concomitantly, calcium enters the liver parenchymal cell and is sequestered by mitochondria. First increased at 30 minutes, calcium content is maximal at 1 hour and returns to normal at 2 hours. Although succinic and glutamic dehydrogenase activity patterns within the liver lobule are unaffected, liver cell mitochondria enlarge and some appear to fuse or assume cup-like configurations. Microvilli lining the space of Disse become irregularly indistinct and increasingly pleomorphic by 30 minutes when the plasma membrane becomes increasingly permeable to calcium. Golgi vesicles swell and discharge their granules during the period of poisoning studied. Although all the changes observed may be the result of direct interaction of carbon tetrachloride with the membranes of the cytoplasmic constituents of the liver parenchymal cell, the possibility that the irreversible changes observed in the granular endoplasmic reticulum may be due to the chemical interaction between the poison and this system is discussed.
Pulsed and Parallel-Polarization EPR Characterization of the Photosystem II Oxygen-Evolving Complex (2000)

Photosystem II uses visible light to drive the oxidation of water, resulting in bioactivated electrons and protons, with the production of molecular oxygen as a byproduct. This water-splitting reaction is carried out by a manganese cluster/tyrosine radial ensemble, the oxygen -evolving complex. Although conventional continuous-wave, perpendicular -polarization electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has significantly advanced our knowledge of the structure and function of the oxygen-evolving complex, significant additional information can be obtained with the application of additional EPR methodologies. Specifically, parallel-polarization EPR spectroscopy can be use to obtain highly resolved EPR spectra of integer spin Mn species, and pulsed EPR spectroscopy with electron spin echo-based sequences, such as electron spin echo envelope modulation and electron spin echo-electron nuclear double resonance, can be used to measure weak interactions obscured in continuous-wave spectroscopy by inhomogeneous broadening.
New Thermally Stable and Highly Volatile Precursors for Lanthanum MOCVD: Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanum .beta.-Diketonate Glyme Complexes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Thermally Stable and Highly Volatile Precursors for Lanthanum MOCVD: Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanum .beta.-Diketonate Glyme ComplexesGraziella Malandrino, Rosalia Licata, Francesco Castelli, Ignazio L. Fragala, and Cristiano BenelliCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 25, 6233–6234Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00129a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (255 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Detection of Preformed Venous Thrombi in Dogs by Means of I 131 -Labeled Antibodies to Dog Fibrinogen (1965)

Dogs with thrombin-induced thrombi received I 131 rabbit antibody to dog fibrinogen and a day later were given antiserum to the rabbit gamma globulin. Scintillation scanning techniques successfully detected the site of thrombosis. Excision of the thrombi and surrounding blood vessels demonstrated deposition of radioactivity in the lesion. The immunologic removal of the gamma globulin from the circulating blood increased the difference between the radioactivity deposited in the lesion and that present in the blood. This accentuates the lesion and offers potential diagnostic advantage.
A 256×256 CMOS imaging array with wide dynamic range pixels and column-parallel digital output (1998)

A stepped reset-gate voltage technique is applied to a CMOS active pixel sensor array to increase dynamic range by 26 dB. A frame rate of 390 frames/s is achieved using column-parallel output circuits. Switched-capacitor correlated double-sampling circuits reduce fixed-pattern noise to 4.0 mV (dark). Cyclic analog-to-digital converters achieve approximately 9-b accuracy. At 30 frames/s, random noise is 0.56 mV (dark), optical dynamic range is 96 dB, and power is 52 mW.
Rodent models of diabetic nephropathy: their utility and limitations (2016)

Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Therefore, novel therapies for the suppression of diabetic nephropathy must be developed. Rodent models are useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of diseases and testing novel therapies, and many type 1 and type 2 diabetic rodent models have been established for the study of diabetes and diabetic complications. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals are widely used as a model of type 1 diabetes. Akita diabetic mice that have an <i>Ins2</i>+/<i>C96Y</i> mutation and OVE26 mice that overexpress calmodulin in pancreatic β-cells serve as a genetic model of type 1 diabetes. In addition, <i>db/db</i> mice, KK-<i>Ay</i> mice, Zucker diabetic fatty rats, Wistar fatty rats, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats and Goto-Kakizaki rats serve as rodent models of type 2 diabetes. An animal model of diabetic nephropathy should exhibit progressive albuminuria and a decrease in renal function, as well as the characteristic histological changes in the glomeruli and the tubulointerstitial lesions that are observed in cases of human diabetic nephropathy. A rodent model that strongly exhibits all these features of human diabetic nephropathy has not yet been developed. However, the currently available rodent models of diabetes can be useful in the study of diabetic nephropathy by increasing our understanding of the features of each diabetic rodent model. Furthermore, the genetic background and strain of each mouse model result in differences in susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria and the development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. Therefore, the validation of an animal model reproducing human diabetic nephropathy will significantly facilitate our understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms that contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we focus on rodent models of diabetes and discuss the utility and limitations of these models for the study of diabetic nephropathy.
The benefits, challenges and impacts of radio frequency identification technology (RFID) for retailers in the UK (2005)

Purpose To offer an outline of the characteristics of radio frequency identification technology (RFID) and discuss its perceived benefits, impacts and challenges, as they apply to retailers in the UK. The paper draws together a range of information and intelligence about the application of RFID and reflects on the strategic planning challenges it poses to retailers. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws its material largely from trade and practitioner sources and illustrates general themes with specific retail examples. Findings The paper suggests that RFID has the potential to deliver a wide range of benefits throughout the supply chain, including tighter management and control, reduction in shrinkage, reduced labour costs and improved customer service. However, retail users will have to address a number of operational and strategic challenges and consumer privacy concerns before these benefits can be fully realised. The adoption of RFID may further increase structural concentration within the retail sector of the economy, and have a major impact on retail operations at shop floor level and on the customers' shopping experience. Originality/value An accessible outline of RFID developments within UK retailing, of interest to marketing professionals and academics concerned with marketing practice. A companion piece to the paper by Wyld et al. in this issue.
The Manipulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regenerated Skeletal Tissues (1998)

Ample experimental examples have been accumulated during the last 3 decades indicating the ability of exogenous sources of cultured cells to serve as implants accelerating cartilage regeneration in defects of articular surfaces. In some cases, the repair tissues form complete spatial reconstruction of the defect. In other cases, either the spatial reconstruction is incomplete or the quality of the reparative tissue is inadequate. A delayed pace of endochondral ossification in the deep zones of the subchondral region of the defects, or ossification above the tide mark, within the superficial cartilaginous articular regions have been noted. Therefore, even in this promising approach of biological resurfacing procedure results are not certain, and further investigative research efforts are required. In the current study, a comparison of implantations of various cultured cells of four different sources were tested in an avian system. The reparative tissue outcomes are divided into three grades: full regeneration success, partial success, and failure of regeneration according to qualitative histological parameters and quantitative observation of the gross specimen. Defects that failed to regenerate a completely filled lesion were found to contain cells carrying the preskeletal–precartilaginous characteristic marker of FGFR3. The findings based on the above parameters suggest that autogeneic, chondrocytic-enriched bone marrow derived mesenchymal cells are superior to other cell sources for articular cartilage regeneration. Grafting of defects with these cells results in a 100% success rate. Allogeneic limb bud-derived mesenchymal cells and allogeneic embryonal chondrocytes have both reached a success of 75% of completely filled defects. Allogeneic chondrocytic-enriched bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells yielded a 31% success rate. Untreated defects completely failed to heal. In successfully healed defects no cells of the reparative tissue carry the FGFR3 marker 3 months postimplantation. In partially healed defects, FGFR3 positive staining is present in fibrous cells at the invaginated surface. These latest findings may suggest some kind of proliferation failure in such cases.
Conjugate addition ligands of opioid antagonists. Methacrylate esters and ethers of 6.alpha.- and 6.beta.-naltrexol (1990)

Alpha- and beta-naltrexol derived esters 9 and 10 and ethers 11 and 12, each containing the alpha, beta-unsaturated ester functionality, were prepared as conformationally more flexible analogues of spiro-alpha-methylene-gamma-lactones 5 and 6. All were active in the opioid radioreceptor binding assay against [3H]bremazocine and more active against [3H]DAGO, indicating mu-subtype selectivity, but only ether 12 showed significant irreversible activity. We conclude that small structural changes, made in very closely related electrophilic opioids, lead to changes in receptor binding. All four compounds were long-acting antagonists to morphine in mice, with ester 10 being approximately equipotent with naltrexone.
Approaches in anticoagulation: rationales for target positioning. (2003)

Heparin and warfarin are the most widely used anticoagulants for the prophylaxis and treatment of thrombus-based diseases. These anticoagulants, however, have well-known clinical limitations, such as a slow onset of action and a narrow therapeutic window. An ideal small-molecule non-peptide inhibitor should have an immediate onset of action, oral bioavailability and an improved therapeutic action and side-effect profile, compared to established therapies. In this review, the current concepts and hypotheses of the numerous anticoagulant approaches are analyzed and evaluated, with emphasis on animal models, genetic disorders and compound profiling. Selected factors of the coagulation cascade and modulators of endogenous fibrinolysis are examined to determine if they represent promising drug targets in antithrombotic therapy.
Strategies for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of single gene disorders by DNA amplification (1998)

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an alternative to prenatal diagnosis for ensuring the genetic health of offspring born to families affected by inherited disease. This paper sets out to review current protocols for the diagnosis of single gene defects in human preimplantation embryos. These methods, which depend on DNA amplification using PCR, are subject to a variety of pitfalls, such as allele dropout (ADO), contamination and reduced amplification efficiency. Advances in single cell DNA amplification, such as improved multiplex PCR protocols, fluorescent-PCR and whole genome amplification (WGA), can be applied to address some of these problems. Different PGD strategies are discussed in the context of their clinical application.
Isolation of a Serogroup I-Specific Antigen from Legionella pneumophila (1982)

Outer membrane material was extracted from a serogroup 1 strain of Legionella pneumophila using ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Ferritin-conjugated antiserum reacted only at the surface of the organism, as seen by electron microscopy. Outer membrane material was fractionated into five peaks by molecular sieve chromatography using a gel that had been equilibrated in a buffer containing sodium deoxycholate. One resolved peak (approximately 4x10(4) daltons) was highly active serologically. When rechromatographed in the absence of sodium deoxycholate, material from this peak reaggregated to approximately 10(6) daltons. Ther serologic activity of this antigen was restricted to L. pneumophila serogroup 2, although minor cross-reactions with strains of serogroups 2 and 4 were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The antigen was less than 10% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 1.1% phosphate, and the remainder lipid of unknown composition. Neither 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate nor heptose was detected, and the antigen did not induce a Shwartzman reaction. Only one band was seen on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
BUB1 and BUBR1: multifaceted kinases of the cell cycle (2010)

The multidomain protein kinases BUB1 and BUBR1 (Mad3 in yeast, worms and plants) are central components of the mitotic checkpoint for spindle assembly (SAC). This evolutionarily conserved and essential self-monitoring system of the eukaryotic cell cycle ensures the high fidelity of chromosome segregation by delaying the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly bi-oriented on the mitotic spindle. Despite their amino acid sequence conservation and similar domain organization, BUB1 and BUBR1 perform different functions in the SAC. Recent structural information provides crucial molecular insights into the regulation and recognition of BUB1 and BUBR1, and a solid foundation to dissect the roles of these proteins in the control of chromosome segregation in normal and oncogenic cells.
유비쿼터스 및 모바일 컴퓨팅 : IEEE 802.15.4 기반의 무선 센서네트워크에서 숨은노드 충돌 방지와 성능향상 기법 (2015)

IEEE 802.15.4는 무선 센서노드들 사이의 연결을 가능하게 하는 대표적인 표준이다. 그러나 이 IEEE 802.15.4를 기반으로 하는 무선 센서네트워크는 기본적으로 숨은노드 충돌에 매우 취약하다는 약점을 갖고 있는데 이는 무선 센서네트워크 자체가 제한된 통신 반경과 짧은 배터리수명을 갖고 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.15.4 기반의 무선 센서네트워크에서 노드들의 클러스터링을 통한 숨은노드 충돌 회피 및 성능향상 기법을 제안하다. 이 방법에서 사용되는 클러스트링은 각각의 무선 센서노드들이 갖고 있는 채널 품질 정보를 바탕으로 수행된다. 그리고 클러스터에 어느 정도의 무선자원을 할당해야 하는 문제도 다룬다.
Neural Networks for LED Color Control (2008)

reproduction, distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited.