gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Regulation of Immunity to Leishmania Major (1995)

Experimental infection with the intracellular protozoan Leishmania major constitutes a particularly versatile model for assessing the role of CD4+ subset development in the host response to infectious disease. The association of Th1 development with control of infection, and of Th2 cell development with progressive disease, has been well established. The capacity to manipulate the outcome, using distinct immunologic interventions, in both genetically resistant and susceptible mice has identified key effector cytokines that must be present during the time of initial priming of T cells in order to affect the CD4 switch phenotype. Roles for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and IL-4 in Th1 and Th2 maturation have been demonstrated, although additional undefined signals are required. Study of the genetically susceptible BALB/c mouse has shown failure to downmodulate IL-4 production in response to infection, a response that is critically associated with the failure to develop appropriate Th1 responses. Use of the murine L. major model continues to elucidate new methods for vaccine development and suggests a promising system for identification of genes that determine susceptibility to infection.
Regulation of protein metabolism by glutamine: implications for nutrition and health (2010)

Glutamine is the most abundant free alpha-amino acid in plasma and skeletal muscle. This nutrient plays an important role in regulating gene expression, protein turnover, anti-oxidative function, nutrient metabolism, immunity, and acid-base balance. Interestingly, intracellular and extracellular concentrations of glutamine exhibit marked reductions in response to infection, sepsis, severe burn, cancer, and other pathological factors. This raised an important question of whether glutamine may be a key mediator of muscle loss and negative nitrogen balance in critically ill and injured patients. Therefore, since the initial reports in late 1980s that glutamine could stimulate protein synthesis and inhibit proteolysis in rat skeletal muscle, there has been growing interest in the use of this functional amino acid to improve protein balance under various physiological and disease conditions. Although inconsistent results have appeared in the literature regarding a therapeutic role of glutamine in clinical medicine, a majority of studies indicate that supplementing appropriate doses of glutamine to enteral diets or parenteral solutions is beneficial for improving nitrogen balance in animals or humans with glutamine deficiency.
130 GHz GaAs monolithic integrated circuit sampling head (1989)

We have fabricated a GaAs diode sampling head which has a bandwidth of 130 GHz, which is a five times improvement over previous room-temperature designs. This speed is attained with a monolithic sampling head design integrated with two nonlinear transmission lines which serve as the strobe pulse and test signal generators. A 4 ps transition time has been measured with the sampler. We have also measured sinusoidal waveforms to 120 GHz.
A Simple Catalytic Method for the Conversion of Aryl Bromides to Arylamines (1995)

A facile Pd-catalyzed method for the preparation of a wide variety of aryl amines from aryl bromides and amines has been developed [Eq. (a)]. Noteworthy features of this method include the experimental simplicity, the tin/boron-free conditions, and the broad spectrum of potential substrates.
Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding canine factor IX (1989)

Factor IX (F.IX) is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein, a deficiency of which results in hemophilia B. A canine model of hemophilia B exists; attempts to use this model for gene transfer experiments or characterization of the hemophilic defect require elucidation of normal canine F.IX structure. We report the isolation and characterization of the coding region for canine F.IX cDNA. Canine F.IX possesses 86% identity at the amino-acid level with human F.IX. The leader peptide, Gla domain, EGF domains, and the carboxy-terminal portion of the heavy chains show extensive sequence conservation between the canine and human. All Glu residues undergoing gamma-carboxylation in humans are conserved in canines. The complete coding sequence for canine F.IX has been determined, and the derived translation product has been analyzed. A similar approach should allow identification of the causative mutation in canine hemophilia B. Furthermore, this clone may prove a valuable resource in gene transfer experiments for this disease.
Identification of α-Dystroglycan as a Receptor for Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus and Lassa Fever Virus (1998)

A peripheral membrane protein that is interactive with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was purified from cells permissive to infection. Tryptic peptides from this protein were determined to be alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG). Several strains of LCMV and other arenaviruses, including Lassa fever virus (LFV), Oliveros, and Mobala, bound to purified alpha-DG protein. Soluble alpha-DG blocked both LCMV and LFV infection. Cells bearing a null mutation of the gene encoding DG were resistant to LCMV infection, and reconstitution of DG expression in null mutant cells restored susceptibility to LCMV infection. Thus, alpha-DG is a cellular receptor for both LCMV and LFV.
Molecular Determinants of Response to Anti–Programmed Cell Death (PD)-1 and Anti–Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Blockade in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Profiled With Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (2018)

Purpose Treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is characterized by durable responses and improved survival in a subset of patients. Clinically available tools to optimize use of ICIs and understand the molecular determinants of response are needed. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly routine, but its role in identifying predictors of response to ICIs is not known. Methods Detailed clinical annotation and response data were collected for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with anti-programmed death-1 or anti-programmed death-ligand 1 [anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1] therapy and profiled by targeted NGS (MSK-IMPACT; n = 240). Efficacy was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, and durable clinical benefit (DCB) was defined as partial response/stable disease that lasted > 6 months. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), fraction of copy number-altered genome, and gene alterations were compared among patients with DCB and no durable benefit (NDB). Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for 49 patients to compare quantification of TMB by targeted NGS versus WES. Results Estimates of TMB by targeted NGS correlated well with WES (ρ = 0.86; P < .001). TMB was greater in patients with DCB than with NDB ( P = .006). DCB was more common, and progression-free survival was longer in patients at increasing thresholds above versus below the 50th percentile of TMB (38.6% v 25.1%; P < .001; hazard ratio, 1.38; P = .024). The fraction of copy number-altered genome was highest in those with NDB. Variants in EGFR and STK11 associated with a lack of benefit. TMB and PD-L1 expression were independent variables, and a composite of TMB plus PD-L1 further enriched for benefit to ICIs. Conclusion Targeted NGS accurately estimates TMB and elevated TMB further improved likelihood of benefit to ICIs. TMB did not correlate with PD-L1 expression; both variables had similar predictive capacity. The incorporation of both TMB and PD-L1 expression into multivariable predictive models should result in greater predictive power.
Development of Coated Conductors by Inclined Substrate Deposition (2004)

Inclined substrate deposition (ISD) has the potential for rapid production of high‐quality biaxially textured template layers suitable for YBCO‐coated conductors. We have grown biaxially textured magnesium oxide (MgO) films on Hastelloy substrates by ISD at rapid deposition rates, 20–100 Å/sec. Scanning electron microscopy of the ISD MgO films showed columnar grain structures with a roof‐tile‐shaped surface. A small full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) of ≈10° was observed in the φ‐scan for MgO films. YBCO films were grown on ISD MgO buffered substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The critical current density was >1.2×106 A/cm2 at 77 K in self‐field. A meter‐long ISD MgO film on a metallic substrate was fabricated by the reel‐to‐reel method with an average φ‐scan FWHM of 16.1° and a standard deviation of 2.6°.
High-Performance TiO2 Photoanode with an Efficient Electron Transport Network for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2009)

A titanium organic sol was synthesized for the modification of conventional porous TiO2 photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). As a result, a compact thin TiO2 film was superimposed on the porous TiO2 structure as an efficient electron transport network, covering bare conducting substrate surface (FTO) and bridging gaps between TiO2 nanoparticles, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Dark current measurement suggested that the sol modified photoanode had a remarkably slower recombination rate of the photoelectrons due to the reduced bare FTO surface in comparison with the porous photoanode. The network facilitates the electron transfer in the DSSC process by removing the dead ends of electron pathways, connecting gaps along the electron pathways, and physically enlarging electron pathways, which can be demonstrated by the performance improvement of photocurrent and open-circuit potential. Consequently, the overall energy conversion efficiency of the DSSC was significantly enhanced by 28% after this simple and low-cost organic sol modification. The significant performance improvements observed from the organic sol modified DSSCs suggest that the proposed modification method is a promising alternative to the traditional TiCl4 modification method.
Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled multicenter trial using chimeric monoclonal anti‐cd4 antibody, cm‐t412, in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate (1995)

Treatment with cM-T412 in this cohort of RA patients who were also taking methotrexate was not associated with clinical efficacy or enhanced toxicity from infectious complications, despite significant peripheral CD4+ T cell depletion.
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of zolmitriptan for the treatment of migraines (2012)

Zolmitriptan has been considered effective treatment in the acute phase of migraine, menstrual-related migraine and cluster headache attacks. Pharmacokinetic parameters may vary as a consequence of gender differences, inter- and intra-subjects variability and delivery system. Zolmitriptan was developed with the aim of obtaining a lipophilic compound in order to be more rapidly absorbed and centrally active. Pharmacologically, pharmacokinetic parameters are responsible for its wide efficacy and the limited adverse effect profile.
GaCl3 in Organic Synthesis (2005)

Abstract GaCl 3 and organogallium compounds generated from GaCl 3 possess novel properties that can be used in organic synthesis. This microreview summarizes our studies on the use of GaCl 3 as 1) a reagent to generate organogallium compounds, which can carbometalate unactivated unsaturated bonds, and 2) a Lewis acid which can activate organic molecules by interacting with the π‐, n‐, and σ‐electrons. Carbometalation of carbon–carbon triple bonds (carbogallation) is a characteristic reaction of organogallium compounds. Carbogallation of gallioacetylenes occurs at lower temperatures than with silylacetylenes, and addition to 1‐alkynes is slow. The regiochemistry and stereochemistry are in accordance with other carbometalation reactions, giving 1,1‐digallio or 1‐gallio‐1‐silyl intermediates in the cis ‐addition mode. Carbogallation of enolates and acetylenes is effective for the α‐ethenylation of ketones, and a catalytic version of the reaction has been developed. When chloroacetylenes are used, α‐ethynylation of ketones proceeds by addition and β‐elimination. Aniline and phenols can be ethenylated or ethynylated at the o ‐position of the heteroatom groups. GaCl 3 has been used not only for the ethynylation of heteroatom compounds but also hydrocarbons such as 1,4‐enynes or 1,4‐diynes by C–H activation, and triethynylvinylmethanes and tetraethynylmethanes are obtained in one step via nucleophilic propargylgallium intermediates. As a Lewis acid, GaCl 3 has the ability to interact with π‐acids such as silylacetylenes. The resulting gallium complexes are sufficiently electrophilic to react with aromatic hydrocarbons, even at –78 °C, to give an organogallium arenium intermediate. Arenium cations or vinyl cations appear to be stabilized in the presence of GaCl 3 . An unusual orientation has been observed in electrophilic aromatic substitution with GaCl 3 . GaCl 3 activates even cycloalkane C–H bonds at σ‐electrons, and the reaction of cis ‐perhydronaphthalene and naphthalene catalytically gives 2‐naphthylated trans ‐perhydronaphthalene. Two C–H activation reactions of hydrocarbons with GaCl 3 are notable as they generatenucleophilic and electrophilic species. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Cerebrospinal fluid brain‐derived proteins in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (2002)

The differential diagnosis of dementia can be difficult in the early stages of disease, and with the emergence of new therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) there is an increasing need for reliable and accurate diagnostic tests. The concept of brain-specific proteins was first proposed in the 1960s and, since that time, methods have developed to measure these proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The concentration of individual brain-specific proteins can be altered in disease, and these changes are thought to reflect the underlying pathology. CSF tau protein and amyloid peptide A beta 42 concentrations are altered in AD and have been proposed as early diagnostic tests for this disease. The data from a number of studies suggest that these proteins may be of value, but are less specific than previously thought and further studies with neuropathological confirmation are required before these tests can be introduced into clinical practice. The detection of 14-3-3 in the CSF is an accurate test for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and this accuracy has lead the World Health Organization to revise the clinical criteria for probable sporadic CJD to include a positive CSF 14-3-3. However, CSF 14-3-3 is less useful in the diagnosis of variant CJD, where studies are underway investigating the value of other CSF proteins.
A pH sensor with a double-gate silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (2013)

A pH sensor composed of a double-gate silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (DG Si-NW FET) is demonstrated. The proposed DG Si-NW FET allows the independent addressing of the gate voltage and hence improves the sensing capability through an application of asymmetric gate voltage between the two gates. One gate is a driving gate which controls the current flow, and the other is a supporting gate which amplifies the shift of the threshold voltage, which is a sensing metric, and which arises from changes in the pH. The pH signal is also amplified through modulation of the gate oxide thickness.
Design Goals for an Internet Printing Protocol (1999)

This document is one of a set of documents, which together describe all aspects of a new Internet Printing Protocol (IPP). IPP is an application level protocol that can be used for distributed printing using Internet tools and technologies. This document takes a broad look at distributed printing functionality, and it enumerates real- life scenarios that help to clarify the features that need to be included in a printing protocol for the Internet. It identifies requirements for three types of users: end users, operators, and
Genome‐wide analysis of gene expression in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma† (2005)

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a neoplasm arising in the liver, and its incidence is increasing in Japan as well as in Western countries. Prognosis of patients with this type of tumor remains unsatisfactory because no effective chemotherapeutic drugs are available, we have no sensitive tumor markers to detect this tumor in its early stage, and it is difficult to identify a high-risk group for the disease. To clarify the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis and identify molecular targets for diagnosis and treatment, we analyzed global gene-expression profiles of 25 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas using tumor cell populations purified by laser microbeam microdissection and a cDNA microarray containing 27,648 genes. We identified 52 genes that were commonly upregulated and 421 that were downregulated in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas compared with noncancerous biliary epithelial cells. From the 52 upregulated genes, we selected P-cadherin and survivin for further investigation and corroborated enhanced expression of their products in cancer tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, comparison between tumors with lymph node metastasis and those without metastasis identified 30 genes that were associated with lymph node involvement. In conclusion, these data should be helpful for a better understanding of the tumorigenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and should contribute to the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this type of tumor. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html).
Distributed simulated re-annealing for dynamic constraint satisfaction problems (2002)

The aim of the paper is to show the advantage of the distributed approach based on an optimization process like simulated annealing. This advantage is exhibited through the example of constraint satisfaction problems. Since most of these problems are currently dynamic, the paper presents an extension of the basic model, which has already been developed and successfully experimented with (K. Ghedira, 1994). Thus, two revision mechanisms, based on distributed simulated "re-annealing", are proposed and compared from the efficiency, stability and optimality points of view.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of the human factor VIII procoagulant protein with a heterologous precipitating antibody. (1982)

The human factor VIII procoagulant protein (VIIIC) was purified from the VIIIC--factor VIII--related antigen (VIIIRAg) complex in commercial factor VIII concentrate by immunoadsorbent chromatography with a monoclonal anti-VIIIRAg antibody bound to Sepharose. In this complex, VIIIC is noncovalently bound to factor VIII-related antigen. The VIIIC eluted from the complex was free of VIIIRAg as determined by immunoassay and had a specific activity of 2,294 VIIIC units/mg of protein, representing a 164,000-fold purification from plasma. Electrophoresis of this VIIIC preparation in reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate containing 5% polyacrylamide slab gels and subsequent staining with Coomassie blue showed the VIIIC to be a strongly staining doublet of Mrs 79,000 and 80,000 and more faintly staining bands of up to Mr 188,000. Treatment of the VIIIC with catalytic amounts of thrombin resulted in diminution or complete disappearance of all of these bands and appearance of a doublet of Mrs 71,000 and 72,000, a band at Mr 54,000, and material of lower Mr. The purified VIIIC was used to produce a precipitating heterologous anti-VIIIC antibody, which was shown to be monospecific for VIIIC after adsorption with factor VIII-depleted commercial concentrate. Use of this antibody in crossed immunoelectrophoresis positively identified the VIIIC bands in the sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. These techniques have allowed the identification of VIIIC protein and description of its extensive Mr heterogeneity.
Central nervous system metastases in women who receive trastuzumab‐based therapy for metastatic breast carcinoma (2003)

Metastatic breast carcinoma to the CNS is common among patients receiving trastuzumab-based therapy, including patients responding to therapy outside the CNS. This may be due either to predilection for the CNS by HER-2-positive tumor cells and/or poor penetration of the CNS by trastuzumab or to improved visceral disease control leading to a longer life and onset of late tumor spread to the CNS. Efforts to characterize other risk factors for development of CNS disease, optimal screening algorithms, and new treatment strategies may be warranted.
Hybrids of RNA and Arabinonucleic Acids (ANA and 2‘F-ANA) Are Substrates of Ribonuclease H (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTADDITION / CORRECTIONThis article has been corrected. View the notice.Hybrids of RNA and Arabinonucleic Acids (ANA and 2‘F-ANA) Are Substrates of Ribonuclease HM. J. Damha, C. J. Wilds, A. Noronha, I. Brukner, G. Borkow, D. Arion, and M. A. ParniakView Author Information Department of Chemistry McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2K6 McGill AIDS Centre and Faculty of Medicine McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1E2 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 49, 12976–12977Publication Date (Web):November 26, 1998Publication History Received3 July 1998Published online26 November 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja982325+Copyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views977Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (46 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal cleavage,Genetics,Hybridization,Peptides and proteins,pH Get e-Alerts