gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Transfer Studies of the Boundary Layer Interphase in Polystyrene-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Block Copolymer Films (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnergy Transfer Studies of the Boundary Layer Interphase in Polystyrene-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Block Copolymer FilmsShaoru Ni, Ping Zhang, Yongcai Wang, and Mitchell A. WinnikCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 20, 5742–5750Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00098a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00098a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of text captions in compressed domain video (2000)

In this paper, we propose a new method for detecting text captions in MPEG video stream. It is based on the observation that text captions in video frames typically possess high contrast against the background for them to be visible. The method operates on DCT coefficients in MPEG domain. The main contribution of this work is in developing a binarzied contrast feature domain in which the presence of text in video frames can be highlighted. A weighting function is defined to deduce the probability of a text frame. From the set of representative text frames located, further techniques are developed to outline, segment, and recognise text captions. The techniques have been tested on commercial and news videos from the MPEG7 data set and local TCS news video. The results demonstrate that our approach is effective in detecting and locating text captions in general video.
Maternal Influenza Viral Infection Causes Schizophrenia-Like Alterations of 5-HT 2A and mGlu 2 Receptors in the Adult Offspring (2011)

Epidemiological studies indicate that maternal influenza viral infection increases the risk for schizophrenia in the adult offspring. The serotonin and glutamate systems are suspected in the etiology of schizophrenia, as well as in the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs. The effects of hallucinogens, such as psilocybin and mescaline, require the serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor, and induce schizophrenia-like psychosis in humans. In addition, metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu(2/3) agonists show promise as a new treatment for schizophrenia. Here, we investigated the level of expression and behavioral function of 5-HT(2A) and mGlu(2) receptors in a mouse model of maternal influenza viral infection. We show that spontaneous locomotor activity is diminished by maternal infection with the mouse-adapted influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus. The behavioral responses to hallucinogens and glutamate antipsychotics are both affected by maternal exposure to influenza virus, with increased head-twitch response to hallucinogens and diminished antipsychotic-like effect of the glutamate agonist. In frontal cortex of mice born to influenza virus-infected mothers, the 5-HT(2A) receptor is upregulated and the mGlu(2) receptor is downregulated, an alteration that may be involved in the behavioral changes observed. Additionally, we find that the cortical 5-HT(2A) receptor-dependent signaling pathways are significantly altered in the offspring of infected mothers, showing higher c-fos, egr-1, and egr-2 expression in response to the hallucinogenic drug DOI. Identifying a biochemical alteration that parallels the behavioral changes observed in a mouse model of prenatal viral infection may facilitate targeting therapies for treatment and prevention of schizophrenia.
Preclinical and Clinical Development of Plant-Made Virus-Like Particle Vaccine against Avian H5N1 Influenza (2010)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00984945.
Alternative antiandrogen therapy in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A single‐center experience (2010)

Outcomes of alternative (second-line) antiandrogen therapy in 112 patients with relapsing prostate cancer after first-line hormonal therapy were analyzed. A good response (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] decrease 50%) and a partial response (PSA decrease of 0–50%) by switching from bicalutamide (BCL) to flutamide (FLT) and from FLT to BCL were achieved in 35.4% (28/79) and 30.4% (24/79), and in 45.0% (9/20) and 20.0% (4/20) of cases, respectively. A good response and a partial response with the change from chlormadinone acetate (CMA) to a non-steroidal antiandrogen (FLT or BCL)and from a non-steroidal antiandrogen to CMA were obtained in 25.0% (2/8) and 37.5% (3/8), and in 20.0% (1/5) and 0% (0/5)of cases, respectively. In multivariate analyses, a second-line good response was significantly predictive of cause-specific survival from first therapy relapse to cancer death in all patients. Patients (52/112, 46.4%) with 30% decrease in PSA levels were associated with significantly better cause-specific survival as measured from the start of first-line treatment and first-line relapse.
Targeted enrichment of genomic DNA regions for next-generation sequencing (2011)

In this review, we discuss the latest targeted enrichment methods and aspects of their utilization along with second-generation sequencing for complex genome analysis. In doing so, we provide an overview of issues involved in detecting genetic variation, for which targeted enrichment has become a powerful tool. We explain how targeted enrichment for next-generation sequencing has made great progress in terms of methodology, ease of use and applicability, but emphasize the remaining challenges such as the lack of even coverage across targeted regions. Costs are also considered versus the alternative of whole-genome sequencing which is becoming ever more affordable. We conclude that targeted enrichment is likely to be the most economical option for many years to come in a range of settings.
FFT-Based Hybrid Antenna Selection Schemes for Spatially Correlated MIMO Channels (2004)

In this letter, we address the antenna subset selection problem in spatially correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. To reduce the severe performance degradation of the traditional antenna selection scheme in correlated channels, we propose to embed fast Fourier transform operations in the RF chains. The resulting system shows a significant advantage both for diversity schemes and for the capacity of spatial multiplexing, while requiring only a minor hardware overhead.
Hydroxypyridinium collagen crosslinks in serum, urine, synovial fluid and synovial tissue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with osteoarthritis (2003)

Both crosslinking density and degradation of mature collagen from synovial tissue depend on the disease activity in RA. Urinary excretion of associated crosslinks, expressed as the Pyr/Dpyr ratio, correlates with those in synovial tissue and may be confirmed as a marker of synovial tissue collagen degradation. We suggest that increased crosslinking of mature collagen in the synovial tissue of RA is related to an inflammation-dependent regulation of collagen synthesis in activated synovial fibroblasts, in which lysyl oxidase represents the final enzymatic step for crosslinking.
Recent advances in liver-directed gene therapy: implications for the treatment of dyslipidemia (2000)

Somatic gene therapy for the treatment of dyslipidemia is an area of active investigation. A substantial body of data indicates that the transfer of various lipid-lowering genes to the liver is an effective method of restoring normal plasma lipids in animal models of dyslipidemia. Most studies have used adenoviral vectors because of their excellent gene-transfer efficiency. However, the first and second-generation adenoviral vectors used in these experiments are highly toxic and are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. This article reviews current data on the properties of two novel vectors, the adeno-associated virus and the helper-dependent adenovirus that is devoid of all protein-encoding genes. Each type of vector has its advantages and drawbacks. They appear to be the most promising vectors to date for liver-directed gene transfer in the treatment of dyslipidemia.
DNA Conformational Switches as Sensitive Electronic Sensors of Analytes (2002)

The electrical conductivity of DNA is dependent on its conformational state. We demonstrate here that such a dependence may be harnessed for the electronic sensing of external analytes, for instance, adenosine. Such a DNA sensor incorporates an analyte "receptor", whose altered conformation in the presence of bound analyte switches the conformation, and hence, the conductive path between two DNA double-helical stems. Two distinct designs for such sensors are described here, that permit significant electrical conduction through a "detector" double-helical stem only in the presence of the bound analyte. In the first design, current flows through the analyte receptor itself, whereas in the second, current flows in a path adjacent to the receptor. The former design may be especially suitable for certain categories of analytes, including heterocycle-containing compounds such as adenosine, whereas the latter design should be generally applicable to the detection of any molecular analyte, large or small. Since analyte detection in these DNA sensors is electronic, the potential exists for their application in rapid and automated chip-based detection of small molecules as well as of proteins and other macromolecules.
Improved Methods for Finding Association Rules (1994)

Association rules are statements of the form &amp;quot;for 90 % of the rows of the relation, if the row has value 1 in the columns in set W , then it has 1 also in column B&amp;quot;. Agrawal, Imielinski, and Swami introduced the problem of mining association rules from large collections of data, and gave a method based on successive passes over the database. We give an improved algorithm for the problem. The method is based on careful combinatorial analysis of the information obtained in previous passes; this makes it possible to eliminate unnecessary candidate rules. Experiments on a university course enrollment database indicate that the method outperforms the previous one by a factor of 5. We also give simple information-theoretic lower bounds for the problem of finding association rules, and show that sampling is in general a very efficient way of finding such rules. Computing Reviews Categories and Subject Descriptors: H.3.3 [Information Systems]: Information Storage and Retrieval -- Information...
Carotid arterial wall MRI at 3T using 3D variable‐flip‐angle turbo spin‐echo (TSE) with flow‐sensitive dephasing (FSD) (2010)

FSD-SPACE is a time-efficient 3D imaging technique for carotid arterial wall with superior spatial resolution and blood signal suppression.
Identification of Rat Brainstem Sites with Neuronal Fos Protein Induced by Acoustic Stimulation with Pure Tones (1993)

Induction of Fos, a proto-oncogene c-fos protein product, was immunohistochemically examined in the rat brainstem by using pure tone stimuli (0.25 kHz, 4kHz and 8 kHz) at 60 and 80 dB sound pressure levels for 30 min. In comparison with non-stimulated control rats, the brainstem of sound-stimulated rats exhibited distinct Fos-labeled neuronal cell nuclei in i) the ascending auditory nuclei, ii) the brainstem sites which receive afferents from the auditory nuclei, i.e. the pretectum and rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus, iii) the parvocellular part of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, lateral reticular nucleus, ventral border region of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and the medial vestibular and spinal vestibular nuclei, all of which lack established auditory projections, and iv) the brainstem sites where some Fos-labeled neurons were present in controls. Sound stimulation at 80 dB led to widespread Fos-labeling in all these sites. Sound stimulation at 60 dB caused a decrease in number of positive cells in the brainstem sites and yielded a tone-dependent subregional distribution pattern in the dorsal cochlear nucleus and central nucleus of the inferior colliculus.
Epitope mapping of the Syrian hamster prion protein utilizing chimeric and mutant genes in a vaccinia virus expression system (1991)

The cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a host-encoded sialoglycoprotein bound to the external surface of the cell membrane by a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor. A posttranslationally modified PrP isoform (PrPSc) is a component of the infectious particle causing scrapie and the other prion diseases. mAb have been raised against the protease-resistant core of Syrian hamster (SHa) PrPSc designated PrP 27-30. To map the epitopes within PrP reacting to these antibodies, we have expressed wild-type, chimeric mouse (Mo)/SHa and mutant MoPrP genes using recombinant vaccinia virus systems. The fidelity of the expression of recombinant PrPC was examined using vaccinia viruses expressing SHa-PrPC. It is full length, possesses Asn-linked carbohydrates and is attached to the external surface of the cell membrane by a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor that is sensitive to cleavage by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. We have tested 18 mAb for their ability to bind to chimeric prion proteins on immunoblots. Three distinct epitopes were identified that mapped to amino acid differences between SHa and MoPrP sequences. The first epitope, recognized by three of the antibodies tested, was defined by methionines at amino acids 108 and 111 in the mouse protein. The second epitope was dependent upon the presence of asparagines at positions 154 and 174 in MoPrP and was recognized by four of the antibodies tested. The third epitope mapped to a single amino acid substitution at residue 138 in MoPrP. mAb raised against SHaPrP 27-30 specific for this epitope are able to bind MoPrPC which has a single amino acid change (Ile to Met) at position 138. Eleven of the 18 antibodies tested mapped to this immunodominant epitope. It is located within a postulated amphipathic helix, a structure associated with immunodominant Ag. Inasmuch as PrPC, in its native form on the cell surface, is detected by the mAb 13A5 (a prototypic antibody of the immunodominant third epitope class), it is likely that this epitope is accessible in the native conformation of this protein.
Isolation of methanogens from Arabian sea sediments and their salt tolerance (1989)

Sea sediments in tropical regions have been less studied for methanogenesis and methanogens present therein. Three species of methanogens viz. Methanobacterium bryantii, Methanococcus voltae and Methanosarcina barkeri were isolated from Arabian sea sediments collected near the west coast of India. Maximum methane was formed by M. voltae at 3.0% (w/v) NaCl and other two methanogens at 0.06% (w/v) NaCl. M. bryantii and M. barkeri tolerated 2.5 and 3.0% (w/v) NaCl respectively due to which these methanogens must have survived in salt conditions of the sea sediments.
Identification of a glucocorticoid-responsive element in Epstein-Barr virus (1990)

Immortalization of B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is complex and poorly understood. However, some evidence suggests that glucocorticoids influence this process. We identified a glucocorticoid-responsive element in the BamHI C fragment of EBV which we call ES-1. In glucocorticoid-treated cells, ES-1 enhanced chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression from the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter, as well as the EBV Bam-C promoter, from which several latent viral gene products are transcribed. By Northern blot analysis, glucocorticoid treatment enhanced transcription from the Bam-C promoter in Jijoye cells, a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. In addition, the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor bound specifically to the ES-1 region. These glucocorticoid effects on the Bam-C promoter region may provide some insight into the process of EBV immortalization.
AIDS prevention: community and behavioral interventions. (1989)

En l'absence de vaccin, des recherches sur l'epidemiologie du SIDA peuvent conduire a un changement de comportement par l'education, dans un but preventif. L'article dresse la liste des facteurs de risques associes au SIDA, des recherches actuelles en prevention et des obstacles psychologiques que rencontre l'education comportementale vis-a-vis de la maladie
Secure cryptographic key management system (CKMS) considerations for smart grid devices (2011)

research-article Share on Secure cryptographic key management system (CKMS) considerations for smart grid devices Authors: Robert Abercrombie View Profile , Frederick Sheldon View Profile , Hal Aldridge View Profile , Michael Duren View Profile , Tracy Ricci View Profile , Elisa Bertino View Profile , Athula Kulatunga View Profile , Uditha Navaratne View Profile Authors Info & Claims CSIIRW '11: Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Workshop on Cyber Security and Information Intelligence ResearchOctober 2011 Article No.: 59Pages 1https://doi.org/10.1145/2179298.2179364Online:12 October 2011Publication History 1citation265DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads265Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Revealing Noncovalent Interactions (2010)

Molecular structure does not easily identify the intricate noncovalent interactions that govern many areas of biology and chemistry, including design of new materials and drugs. We develop an approach to detect noncovalent interactions in real space, based on the electron density and its derivatives. Our approach reveals the underlying chemistry that compliments the covalent structure. It provides a rich representation of van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds, and steric repulsion in small molecules, molecular complexes, and solids. Most importantly, the method, requiring only knowledge of the atomic coordinates, is efficient and applicable to large systems, such as proteins or DNA. Across these applications, a view of nonbonded interactions emerges as continuous surfaces rather than close contacts between atom pairs, offering rich insight into the design of new and improved ligands.
Harmonics of the difference frequency in saturation-limited parametric sources (1977)

Data are presented for the spectra and waveforms generated by saturation-limited parametric acoustic sources. The primary source was a 10-cm-diam, 710-kHz projector driven with double side band and sine-wave amplitude modulation at peak primary source levels up to 246 dB//1μPa m. The data tend to confirm the theory of H. M. Merklinger [Ph. D. thesis, (Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Birmingham, England, 1971) (unpublished)], namely, that the secondary pressure is proportional to ∂2‖E (t−x/c0) ‖/∂t2, where E is the primary envelope waveshape. A modified version of the theory provides a useful primary amplitude taper function for parametric source performance prediction.
Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Disorders and Drug‐Induced Injury: The Potential Role of Nrf2 and PPARs Activators (2017)

No abstract available
Clearcut: a fast implementation of relaxed neighbor joining (2006)

Clearcut source code is available for download at: http://bioinformatics.hungry.com/clearcut
MyoD binds cooperatively to two sites in a target enhancer sequence: occupancy of two sites is required for activation. (1990)

MyoD is a master regulatory gene for myogenesis. Its product, the MyoD protein, appears to act by binding to muscle-specific enhancer sequences. We show that MyoD binds cooperatively to two sites in the muscle-specific creatine kinase enhancer; this is dramatically reflected in dissociation-rate measurements. A deletion of the acidic N terminus (residues 3-56) results in a protein that binds normally to single sites but fails to bind cooperatively to two adjacent sites, suggesting a role of the N terminus in cooperative interactions. In transfection assays, a reporter gene flanked by a single MyoD binding site fails to be activated by cotransfected MyoD expression vectors. In contrast, a reporter with two or more MyoD binding sites is activated by wild-type MyoD but not by N-terminally deleted MyoD. A reporter gene with a single binding site, although not activated by MyoD, can nonetheless compete for expression with a reporter gene containing three sites. Thus, in vivo, a single site can bind MyoD, but occupancy of two or more sites is required for subsequent transcriptional activation.
Engineered antibody fragments for immuno-PET imaging of endogenous CD8 + T cells in vivo (2014)

The noninvasive detection and quantification of CD8(+) T cells in vivo are important for both the detection and staging of CD8(+) lymphomas and for the monitoring of successful cancer immunotherapies, such as adoptive cell transfer and antibody-based immunotherapeutics. Here, antibody fragments are constructed to target murine CD8 to obtain rapid, high-contrast immuno-positron emission tomography (immuno-PET) images for the detection of CD8 expression in vivo. The variable regions of two anti-murine CD8-depleting antibodies (clones 2.43 and YTS169.4.2.1) were sequenced and reformatted into minibody (Mb) fragments (scFv-CH3). After production and purification, the Mbs retained their antigen specificity and bound primary CD8(+) T cells from the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Importantly, engineering of the parental antibodies into Mbs abolished the ability to deplete CD8(+) T cells in vivo. The Mbs were subsequently conjugated to S-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid for (64)Cu radiolabeling. The radiotracers were injected i.v. into antigen-positive, antigen-negative, immunodeficient, antigen-blocked, and antigen-depleted mice to evaluate specificity of uptake in lymphoid tissues by immuno-PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution. Both (64)Cu-radiolabeled Mbs produced high-contrast immuno-PET images 4 h postinjection and showed specific uptake in the spleen and lymph nodes of antigen-positive mice.
Sparse low-order interaction network underlies a highly correlated and learnable neural population code (2011)

Information is carried in the brain by the joint activity patterns of large groups of neurons. Understanding the structure and function of population neural codes is challenging because of the exponential number of possible activity patterns and dependencies among neurons. We report here that for groups of ~100 retinal neurons responding to natural stimuli, pairwise-based models, which were highly accurate for small networks, are no longer sufficient. We show that because of the sparse nature of the neural code, the higher-order interactions can be easily learned using a novel model and that a very sparse low-order interaction network underlies the code of large populations of neurons. Additionally, we show that the interaction network is organized in a hierarchical and modular manner, which hints at scalability. Our results suggest that learnability may be a key feature of the neural code.