gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress and Genetics in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease (2000)

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine neurons, leading to rigidity, slowness of movement, rest tremor, gait disturbances, and imbalance. Although there is effective symptomatic treatment for PD, there is no proven preventative or regenerative therapy. The etiology of this disorder remains unknown. Recent genetic studies have identified mutations in alpha-synuclein as a rare cause of autosomal dominant familial PD and mutations in parkin as a cause of autosomal recessive familial PD. The more common sporadic form of PD is thought to be due to oxidative stress and derangements in mitochondrial complex I activity. Understanding the mechanism by which familial linked mutations and oxidative stress cause PD has tremendous potential for unraveling the mechanisms of dopamine cell death in PD. In this article, we review recent advances in the understanding of the role of genetics and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PD.
High Brightness Blue InGaN/GaN Light Emitting Diode on Nonpolar m-plane Bulk GaN Substrate (2007)

Improved nonpolar m-plane (1100) light emitting diode (LED) with a thick InGaN active layer of 8 nm and a thick GaN barrier layer of 37.5 nm for multi-quantum-well (MQW) structure have been fabricated on low extended defect bulk m-plane GaN substrates using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The peak wavelength of the electroluminescence (EL) emission from the packaged LED was 468 nm. The output power and external quantum efficiency (EQE) were 8.9 mW and 16.8%, respectively, at a DC driving current of 20 mA.
Micro-RNA profiling reveals a role for miR-29 in human and murine liver fibrosis (2010)

Our data indicate that miR-29 mediates the regulation of liver fibrosis and is part of a signaling nexus involving TGF-β- and NF-κB-dependent down-regulation of miR-29 family members in HSC with subsequent up-regulation of extracellular matrix genes. Thus they may represent targets for novel therapeutic strategies against hepatic fibrogenesis and also might evolve as biomarkers in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.
On-chip spiral inductors suspended over deep copper-lined cavities (2000)

A silicon micromachining method has been developed to fabricate on-chip high-performance suspended spiral inductors. The spiral structure of an inductor was formed with polysilicon and was suspended over a 30-/spl mu/m-deep cavity in the silicon substrate beneath. Copper (Cu) was electrolessly plated onto the polysilicon spiral to achieve low resistance. The Cu plating process also metallized the inner surfaces of the cavity, forming both a good radio-frequency (RF) ground and an electromagnetic shield. High quality factors (Qs) over 30 and self-resonant frequencies higher than 10 GHz have been achieved. A study of the mechanical properties of the suspended inductors indicates that they can withstand large shock and vibration. Simulation predicts a reduction of an order of magnitude in the mutual inductance of two adjacent inductors with the 30-/spl mu/m-deep Cu-lined cavity from that with silicon as the substrate. This indicates very small crosstalk between the inductors due to the shielding effect of the cavities.
Zidovudine adherence among individuals with HIV infection (1995)

The objective was to investigate the relationships among health beliefs, attitudes, and zidovudine compliance in individuals with HIV infection. A survey was administered to 52 individuals with HIV infection. The survey items, which reflected concerns expressed about zidovudine, were generated based on barriers to and benefits of zidovudine and the perceived susceptibility to and perceived severity of HIV as described by the health belief model (HBM). These items were expressed as attitudes and beliefs. Items were subjected to factor analysis, and survey results were correlated with laboratory data to predict adherence to their prescribed medication-taking regimen. Data indicated that 42.3% of the subjects were compliant with zidovudine. Factor analysis identified four dimensions: problems taking and scepticism about zidovudine; degree of concern about HIV; perceived severity of HIV; and physical barriers to taking zidovudine. Logistic regression analysis (forward conditional entry) identified those who were having problems taking zidovudine and who were sceptical about its effectiveness, and ethnicity as significant independent predictors of compliance, correctly classifying 75% of cases (p < 0.01). The fact that subjects who have problems taking zidovudine or are sceptical about the value of zidovudine are less compliant, and that this dimension is a significant predictor of compliance, suggests that non-compliance is related to attitudes and beliefs about zidovudine. This is consistent with the HBM, which holds that the balance between barriers and benefits of a health-related behaviour are significant determinants of outcome.
The CSF3R T618I mutation causes a lethal neutrophilic neoplasia in mice that is responsive to therapeutic JAK inhibition (2013)

We have recently identified targetable mutations in CSF3R (GCSFR) in 60% of chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) and atypical (BCR-ABL-negative) chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) patients. Here we demonstrate that the most prevalent, activating mutation, CSF3R T618I, is sufficient to drive a lethal myeloproliferative disorder in a murine bone marrow transplantation model. Mice transplanted with CSF3R T618I-expressing hematopoietic cells developed a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by overproduction of granulocytes and granulocytic infiltration of the spleen and liver, which was uniformly fatal. Treatment with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib lowered the white blood count and reduced spleen weight. This demonstrates that activating mutations in CSF3R are sufficient to drive a myeloproliferative disorder resembling aCML and CNL that is sensitive to pharmacologic JAK inhibition. This murine model is an excellent tool for the further study of neutrophilic myeloproliferative neoplasms and implicates the clinical use of JAK inhibitors for this disease.
Dielectrophoresis of lambda‐DNA using 3D carbon electrodes (2013)

Carbon electrodes have recently been introduced as an alternative to metal electrodes and insulator structures for dielectrophoretic applications. Here, an experimental and theoretical study employing an array of 3D carbon electrodes contained in a microfluidic channel for the dielectrophoretic manipulation of DNA is presented. First evidence that carbon-electrode DEP can be used for the manipulation and trapping of biomolecules such as DNA is reported. In particular, the dielectrophoretic response of λ-DNA (48.5 kbp) under various frequencies and flow conditions necessary for retention of λ-DNA are studied. Negative DEP is observed at frequencies above 75 kHz and positive DEP is present in the range below 75 kHz and down to 5 kHz. We further implement a theoretical model to capture the experimental findings in sufficient detail. Our theoretical considerations based on reported scaling laws for linear and supercoiled DNA further suggest that carbon-electrode DEP devices could be employed in future analytical applications such as DNA preconcentration and fractionation.
Mitochondrial Targeting of Selective Electron Scavengers:  Synthesis and Biological Analysis of Hemigramicidin−TEMPO Conjugates (2005)

Synthetic hemigramicidin S-peptidyl TEMPO conjugates are effectively delivered into cells and mitochondria, where they act as electron scavengers and exert protection against apoptosis. Our delivery approach is based on the use of specific structural signaling features recognizable by cells as mitochondria targeting sequences and offers considerable therapeutic anti-apoptotic potential.
Systemic immunological effects of cytokine genes injected into skeletal muscle. (1993)

Somatic gene therapy is an interesting approach for the delivery of cytokines for prolonged periods. The present experiments show that direct injections into mouse skeletal muscle of cDNA expression vectors encoding interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, or type beta 1 transforming growth factor (TGF-beta 1) induce biological effects characteristic of these cytokines in vivo. Mice injected intramuscularly with a vector encoding IL-2 had enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses to an exogenous antigen, transferrin, that was delivered at a separate site. These IL-2 effects were abolished by coadministration of a vector directing synthesis of TGF-beta 1. The TGF-beta 1 vector by itself depressed the anti-transferrin antibody response and caused an 8-fold increase in plasma TGF-beta 1 activity. The TGF-beta 1 plasmid injection did not cause muscle infiltration with monocytes or neutrophils and there was no evidence for fibrotic changes. Muscle injection with a cDNA encoding IL-4 selectively increased IgG1 levels but did not alter the cellular immune response to transferrin. In lupus-prone mice (MRL/lpr/lpr), injection with IL-2 expression vectors increased and TGF-beta 1 vectors decreased auto-antibodies to chromatin. These results demonstrate that intramuscular injection of cytokine genes, in the absence of infectious viral vectors, can regulate humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo.
Physical Association of Two Nuclear Antigens and Mutual Occurrence of Their Antibodies: The Relationship of the Sm and Rnaprotein (MO) Systems in Sle Sera (1973)

Abstract An unexpected immunologic relationship was encountered when sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus directed against two different nuclear antigens in calf thymus extract were found to give a reaction of partial identity when reacted with a mixture of the antigens in agar diffusion experiments. Analysis of this antigenic mixture by absorption of the antigenic activity by monospecific antisera to such antigens has led to the conclusion that these two nuclear antigens designated Sm and Mo exist in calf thymus extract as a molecular complex. In addition to this physical association, human systemic lupus erythematosus sera containing anti-Sm were found to have an inordinately high concurrence of anti-Mo (17 of 19 sera).
Genetic Analysis of the γ-Aminobutyrate Utilization Pathway in Escherichia coli K-12 (1974)

The control mutation that results in a concomitant severalfold increase in the activities of gamma-aminobutyrate-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase (GSST, EC 2.6.1.19) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSDH, EC 1.2.1.16), leading to the acquisition of the ability to utilize gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) as the sole source of nitrogen by Escherichia coli K-12 mutants, was mapped by mating and transduction with P1kc. The locus affected, gabC, is approximately 48% co-transduced with the thyA gene, located at min 55 of the E. coli K-12 chromosome. The structural gene of the first enzyme in the GABA pathway, GSST, was mapped by interrupted mating, using one of the GSST-less mutants, DB742, isolated in this work. The mutated locus, gabT, is situated at about min 73 of the E. coli chromosome, close to the gltC gene. Genetic evidence concerning the sensitivity of the enzymes of the GABA pathway to catabolite repression under different physiological conditions suggests that the two structural genes of the GABA regulon do not constitute one operon.
Synthesis of Pyridine, Pyrimidine and Pyridinone C -Nucleoside Phosphoramidites for Probing Cytosine Function in RNA (2009)

In the structures of the HDV ribozyme a cytosine nucleobase resides at the active site poised to participate directly in catalysis. Defining the functional role of the nucleobase requires nucleoside analogues that perturb the functional groups in a strategic manner. Herein, we have developed efficient methods for the synthesis of five C-nucleoside phosphoramidite derivatives that, when used in combination, provide strategies for probing the potential functional role of cytosine's keto group and imino nitrogen. Phosphoramidites 15a and 15b were synthesized in 11 steps starting from 2-amino-5-bromopyrimidine (1a) and 2-amino-5-bromopyridine (1b), respectively, with overall yields of 10.8% and 6.6%, respectively. Phosphoramidite 21 was prepared from intermediate 11b in seven steps with an overall yield of 33.7%. Phosphoramidites 23 and 25 were prepared from 2,4-diamino-5-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-1,3-pyrimidine (22) and pseudoisocytidine (24), respectively, with an overall yield of 15.9% (six steps) and 37.9% (four steps), respectively. These phosphoramidites were incorporated into oligonucleotides by solid-phase synthesis.
Buffer gradient gels and 35S label as an aid to rapid DNA sequence determination. (1983)

Two methods for increasing the length of DNA sequence data that can be read off a polyacrylamide gel are described. We have developed a rapid way to pour a buffer concentration gradient gel that, by altering the vertical band separation on an autoradiograph, allows more sequence to be obtained from a gel. We also show that the use of deoxyadenosine 5'-(alpha-[35S]thio)triphosphate as the label incorporated in dideoxynucleotide sequence reactions increases the sharpness of the bands on an autoradiograph and so increases the resolution achieved.
Effect of Retinoic Acid on Apoptosis and DNA Repair in Human Keratinocytes after UVB Irradiation (2000)

The inhibition of RA on skin carcinogenesis is not due to enhanced removal of UV-damaged DNA. Therefore, RA does not inhibit skin cancer development at the initiation stage, but possibly at the promotion and progression stages.
Alterations in composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: Alterations in composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in D-IBS (2020)

The intestinal microbiota has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Due to the variable resolutions of techniques used to characterize the intestinal microbiota, and the heterogeneity of IBS, the defined alterations of the IBS intestinal microbiota are inconsistent. We analyzed the composition of the intestinal microbiota in a defined subgroup of IBS patients (diarrhea-predominant IBS, D-IBS) using a technique that provides the deepest characterization available for complex microbial communities.
Resident Cardiac Mast Cells Degranulate and Release Preformed TNF-α, Initiating the Cytokine Cascade in Experimental Canine Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion (1998)

Cardiac mast cells degranulate after myocardial ischemia, releasing preformed mediators, such as histamine and TNF-alpha. We suggest that mast cell-derived TNF-alpha may be a crucial factor in upregulating IL-6 in infiltrating leukocytes and initiating the cytokine cascade responsible for myocyte ICAM-1 induction and subsequent neutrophil-induced injury.
Tetracycline and Acne Vulgaris: A Clinical and Laboratory Investigation (1973)

A satisfactory clinical response to long-term oral tetracycline treatment was associated with a mean serum tetracycline of 1.98 mug/ml. The surface lipid showed an increased triglyceride, decreased free fatty acids, and decreased cholesterol, and the amount of keratin within the pilosebaceous duct was reduced. At this dose level there was no quantitative decrease in the bacterial flora though there was a decrease in the fatty acids. We believe that the latter was due to a direct inhibition by tetracycline on extracellular lipases.
Relationship between serum adiponectin and prostate cancer grade (2008)

Although there was no association between biopsy GS and adiponectin, in patients who had undergone RP, lower adiponectin was independently associated with high-grade prostate cancer.
Light-off temperature determination of oxidation catalyst using FTIR technique (1988)

La temperature d'oxydation et les produits de reaction sont determines par spectrometrie FTIR in situ. Les performances de trois catalyseurs trois voies sont determinees ainsi que l'energie d'activation de la formation du monoxyde et du dioxyde de carbone
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-induced Targeted Proteolysis of Cystathionine औ-Synthase Modulates Redox Homeostasis (2003)

Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) catalyzes the first of two steps in the transsulfuration pathway that converts homocysteine to cysteine, a precursor of glutathione, a major intracellular antioxidant. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), which is known to enhance production of reactive oxygen species, increased CBS activity and glutathione levels in HepG2 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that the higher CBS activity correlated with cleavage of the enzyme to a truncated form. This cleavage was suppressed by inhibitors of superoxide production or by transfection with an expression vector for manganese superoxide dismutase. The commonly used proteasome inhibitors, MG132 and lactacystin but not N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal, suppressed the TNFalpha-induced response. Targeted proteolysis of CBS was also observed in livers of mice injected with lipopolysaccharide, which is known to induce TNFalpha. Together, these data reveal a novel and previously unknown mechanism of regulation for homocysteine-linked glutathione homeostasis in cells challenged by oxidative stress.
Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (2006)

Notes for the User: Alphabetization. Cross-References. External References. Numbered Definitions. Taxonomy.
The effect of total-body irradiation on corneal neovascularization in the Fischer 344 rat after chemical cauterization. (1991)

Previous investigations of corneal neovascularization after irradiation yielded discordant results. Most studies indicated that new blood vessel formation in the cornea is inhibited by irradiation. However, others reported that angiogenesis after corneal cauterization is similar in both irradiated and nonirradiated animals. To assess the effect of total-body irradiation on neovascularization further, the amount of angiogenesis was determined in irradiated rats after chemically induced corneal injury. Corneal tissue was evaluated quantitatively with computerized image analysis 2, 3, or 4 days postcautery in rats perfused with India ink and gelatin immediately after death. The rats were exposed to a single dose (9 Gy) of total-body irradiation 6 days before corneal cauterization. In both the nonirradiated and irradiated rats, neovascularization increased with the duration of the postcautery interval. The amount of corneal neovascularization was not significantly different in the irradiated and nonirradiated rats at any of the postcautery intervals studied. This investigation suggests that endothelial cell migration plays a more important role than cell replication in the pathogenesis of corneal angiogenesis in the Fischer 344 rat. Moreover, the suppression of corneal angiogenesis by irradiation may be dependent on the experimental conditions and species examined.
Energy Intake and Prostate Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression (1999)

Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that energy restriction reduces prostate tumor growth by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, dietary fat concentration does not influence prostate tumor growth when energy intake is reduced.
DC Conductivity of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(P4)3 Ceramic with Li Electrodes (1991)

Abstract The ionic conductivity of a solid electrolyte, Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3, was measured with Li and Li–Al alloy electrodes. The contact resistance between the Li electrode and the electrolyte was a dominant factor for the DC conductivity. A higher DC conductivity was obtained by an utilization of the Li4Al alloy electrodes.
Exact volume preserving skinning with shape control (2009)

In the real world, most objects do not loose volume when they deform: they may for instance compensate a local compression by inflating in the orthogonal direction, or, in the case of a character, preserve volume through specific bulges and folds. This paper presents a novel extension to smooth skinning, which not only offers an exact control of the object volume, but also enables the user to specify the shape of volume-preserving deformations through intuitive 1D profile curves. The method, a geometric post-processing to standard smooth skinning, perfectly fits into the usual production pipeline. It can be used whatever the desired locality of volume correction and does not bring any constraint on the original mesh. Several behaviors mimicking the way rubber-like materials and organic shapes respectively deform can be modeled. An improved algorithm for robustly computing skinning weights is also provided, making the method directly usable on complex characters, even for non-experts.
Molecular cloning and characterization of the Î9 fatty acid desaturase gene and its promoter region fromSaccharomyces kluyveri (2002)

A gene encoding Δ9 fatty acid desaturase, which catalyzes the first reaction of fatty acid desaturation, has been cloned from Saccharomyces kluyveri, a species capable of producing polyunsaturated fatty acids (poly-UFA). The open reading frame of this gene (named Sk-OLE1) consists of 1443 bp, encoding 480 amino acids. The deduced Sk-OLE1 protein shared 63–74% identity with those from other yeasts. Expression of the Sk-OLE1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae complemented genetic disruption of the S. cerevisiae OLE1 gene (Sc-OLE1). Fatty acid analysis showed that the ratio of palmitoleic acid to oleic acid in the Sk-OLE1-expressing S. cerevisiae strain was lower than that of the S. cerevisiae strain expressing the Sc-OLE1 gene. The promoter region of the Sk-OLE1 gene was shorter than that of the Sc-OLE1 gene and appeared to lack the fatty acid-regulated sequences present in the Sc-OLE1 promoter region. Analysis of transcriptional expression revealed that the Sk-OLE1 gene was not actually repressed in either S. kluyveri or S. cerevisiae by exogenous UFAs. The DDBJ accession number for the sequence reported in this paper is AB071696.
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (2001)

The hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) has been recognized for more than 45 years and consists of the combination of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. HUS occurs predominantly in children younger than 4 years of age. It is the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in children. The most common form of the syndrome (D+ HUS) occurs in healthy young children (>6 mo to <5 y of age) and is preceded by watery diarrhea that can evolve to hemorrhagic colitis. The diarrhea precedes the hemolysis and thrombocytopenia by 5 to 7 days; oliguria/anuria follows several days later. Although the pathogenesis is unknown, available evidence strongly suggests that endothelial cell damage is necessary. The outcome for most patients who have D+ HUS is favorable: 65% to 85% recover completely, 5% to 10% die (usually during the acute illness), recurrence is uncommon, and only a few patients slowly progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Simultaneous administration of smallpox, measles, yellow fever, and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus antigens to Nigerian children. (1973)

Children receiving smallpox, measles, and yellow fever vaccines simultaneously at separate sites responded adequately to all three vaccines. In those children, 9 months of age and older, who received these three vaccines in addition to diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine, there was a decrease in measles seroconversion rates from 89% to 70%. Possible interactions between live and killed vaccines should be considered when the administration of multiple antigens is planned.