gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Betidamino Acid Scan of the GnRH Antagonist Acyline (1997)

Strong clinical evidence suggests that GnRH antagonists will replace GnRH agonists in a number of indications because of their ability to inhibit gonadotropin secretion as long as an adequate concentration of the analogue is present in the circulation whereas superagonists will take approximately 2 weeks to desensitize the gonadotrophs. Until recently, antagonists were either too weak and/or would release histamine. Azaline B {[Ac-D2Nal1,D4Cpa2,D3Pal3, 4Aph5(atz),D4Aph6(atz),ILys8,DAla10] GnRH} and long-acting members of the azaline family {Ac-D2Nal-D4Cpa-D3Pal-Ser-4Aph(X)-D4Aph(Y) -Leu-ILys-Pro-DAla-NH2}, however, appear to be promising drug candidates. Because these antagonists tend to form gels (due to the formation of beta-sheet structures) and, as a result, are not readily amenable to formulation for long-term delivery, we have investigated ways of increasing hydrophilicity while retaining high potency and lack of histamine releasing activity. Betidamino acids (a contraction of "beta" position and "amide") are N'-monoacylated (optionally, N'-monoacylated and N-mono- or N,N'-dialkylated) aminoglycine derivatives in which each N'-acyl/alkyl group may mimic naturally occurring amino acid side chains or introduce novel functionalities. We have used unresolved N alpha-Boc,N'alpha-Fmoc-aminoglycine, and N alpha-Boc,N'alpha-(CH3)Fmoc-aminoglycine as templates for the introduction of betidamino acids in acyline (Ac-D2Nal-D4Cpa-D3Pal-Ser-4Aph(Ac)-D4Aph(A c)-Leu-Ilys-Pro-DAla-NH2), a long acting member of the azaline B family, to test biocompatibility of these betide derivatives. Diastereomeric peptides could be separated using RP-HPLC in most cases. Biological results obtained in vitro (binding affinity to rat pituitary gland membranes) and in vivo (rat antiovulatory assay, AOA) indicate in most cases small differences in relative potencies (< 5-fold) between the D- and L-nonalkylated betidamino acid-containing acylines. Importantly, most betide diastereomers have high affinity for the GnRH receptor and were equipotent with acyline in the AOA. Greater differences in affinity and potency between diastereomers were observed after introduction of a methyl group on the side chain nitrogen ("beta" position) of the same analogues, with one of the diastereomer having an affinity and a potency in the AOA equivalent to that of acyline. These results suggest that chirality at the alpha-carbon coupled to side chain orientation is important for receptor recognition. The duration of action of some of the most potent analogues was also determined in the castrated male rat in order to measure the extent (efficacy and duration of action) of inhibition of luteinizing hormone release. Data suggest that introduction of a betidamino acid results in reduction of duration of action. Also, introduction of betidamino acids results in peptides with increased hydrophilicity (as determined by elution times on C18 silicas at pH 7.3) compared to that of the parent compound. N'-Methyl substitution results in parallel increase in retention times on C18 silicas as expected.
The function of FUNCTION in LISP or why the FUNARG problem should be called the environment problem (1970)

A problem common to many powerful programming languages arises when one has to determine what values to assign to free variables in functions. Different implementational approaches which attempt to solve the problem are considered. The discussion concentrates on LISP implementations and points out why most current LISP systems are not as general as the original LISP 1.5 system. Readers not familiar with LISP should be able to read this paper without difficulty since we have tried to couch the argument in ALGOL-like terms as much as possible.
Krill Products: An Overview of Animal Studies (2015)

Many animal studies have been performed with krill oil (KO) and this review aims to summarize their findings and give insight into the mechanism of action of KO. Animal models that have been used in studies with KO include obesity, depression, myocardial infarction, chronic low-grade and ulcerative inflammation and are described in detail. Moreover, studies with KO in the form of krill powder (KP) and krill protein concentrate (KPC) as a mix of lipids and proteins are mentioned and compared to the effects of KO. In addition, differences in tissue uptake of the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), when delivered in either phospholipid or triglyceride form, are addressed and the differential impact the delivery form has on gene expression profiles is explained. In our outlook, we try to highlight the potential of KO and KP supplementation in clinical settings and discuss health segments that have a high potential of showing krill product specific health benefits and warrant further clinical investigations.
Lens Epithelium-derived Growth Factor/p75 Interacts with the Transposase-derived DDE Domain of PogZ (2009)

Lens epithelium-derived growth factor/p75 (LEDGF/p75) is a prominent cellular interaction partner of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) integrase, tethering the preintegration complex to the host chromosome. In light of the development of LEDGF/p75-integrase interaction inhibitors, it is essential to understand the cell biology of LEDGF/p75. We identified pogZ as new cellular interaction partner of LEDGF/p75. Analogous to lentiviral integrase, pogZ, a domesticated transposase, carries a DDE domain, the major determinant for LEDGF/p75 interaction. Using different in vitro and in vivo approaches, we corroborated the interaction between the C terminus of LEDGF/p75 and the DDE domain of pogZ, revealing an overlap in the binding of pogZ and HIV-1 integrase. Competition experiments showed that integrase is efficient in displacing pogZ from LEDGF/p75. Moreover, pogZ does not seem to play a role as a restriction factor of HIV. The finding that LEDGF/p75 is capable of interacting with a DDE domain protein that is not a lentiviral integrase points to a profound role of LEDGF/p75 in DDE domain protein function.
Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) expression is increased in the subsynovial connective tissues of patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (2013)

Non-inflammatory fibrosis of the subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) is a hallmark of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The etiology of this finding and its relationship to the development of CTS remain poorly understood. Recent studies have found that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a central role in fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of TGF-β and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a downstream mediator of TGF-β, in the pathogenesis of CTS. We compared SSCT specimens from 26 idiopathic CTS patients with specimens from 10 human cadaver controls with no previous diagnosis of CTS. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine levels TGF-β1, CTGF, collagen 1(Col1) and collagen 3 (Col3) expression. TGF-β1 (p < 0.01), CTGF (p < 0.01), and Col3 (p < 0.01) were increased in SSCT of CTS patients compared with control tissue. In addition, a strong positive correlation was found between TGF-β1 and CTGF, (R(2) = 0.80, p < 0.01) and a moderate positive correlation between Col3 and TGF-β1 (R(2) = 0.49, p < 0.01). These finding suggest that there is an increased expression of TGF-β and CTGF, a TGF-β regulated protein, and that this TGF-β activation may be responsible for SSCT fibrosis in CTS patients.
Arrival-time analysis for a pulsar in a binary system. (1976)

A method is described for analyzing the arrival times of pulses from the binary pulsar PSR 1913+16, in terms of the orbital elements and their possible secular variations. Estimates are given for the times necessary to measure such secular changes and to detect various relativistic effects. If measurement errors 1 ms are the dominant source of error and 1000 independent observations are made per year, then 5 years of observations are necessary for a dynamical determination of the component masses accurate to 10 percent and 15 years for the possible detection of gravitational radiation. Other sources of error are briefly discussed. Subject headings: pulsars - stars: binaries
Superhydrophobic Surfaces Prepared by Microstructuring of Silicon Using a Femtosecond Laser (2006)

We present a simple method for fabricating superhydrophobic silicon surfaces. The method consists of irradiating silicon wafers with femtosecond laser pulses and then coating the surfaces with a layer of fluoroalkylsilane molecules. The laser irradiation creates a surface morphology that exhibits structure on the micro- and nanoscale. By varying the laser fluence, we can tune the surface morphology and the wetting properties. We measured the static and dynamic contact angles for water and hexadecane on these surfaces. For water, the microstructured silicon surfaces yield contact angles higher than 160 degrees and negligible hysteresis. For hexadecane, the microstructuring leads to a transition from nonwetting to wetting.
The effect of short-term treatment with interferon beta 1a on acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. (2001)

The clinical and histological picture and immunocytochemical expression of some cytokines on infiltrates in the central nervous system of Lewis rats were studied in adult rats in the course of short-term therapy of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with interferon beta 1a (IFN beta 1a). There was established the beneficial effect of the short-term treatment of EAE with IFN beta 1a, applied at the early onset of the experimental disease. The effect of IFN beta 1a on EAE seems likely to be associated with the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and stimulation of anti-inflammatory ones.
Development and Application of an Integrated Clustering/Geostatistical Approach for 3D Reservoir Characterization, SACROC Unit, Permian Basin (2007)

Abstract A new 3D reservoir characterization approach is developed that integrates clustering and geostatistical methods. The approach applies clustering methods to well logs and core data for lithology interpretation, reservoir quality characterization, and also for prediction of core porosity and permeability values. Since complete log suites are usually unavailable, clustering is also used to generate synthetic "complete" log suites. In this way, "core" parameter profiles, with high vertical resolution, can be generated for many wells. Geostatistics is then applied to the resulting dataset, and three-dimensional spatial patterns of clusters, porosity, and permeability are utilized to generate reservoir characterizations for flow simulation models. An advantage of the approach is the application of a soft computing software based on maximum likelihood principles which permits clustering using mixed variables; probabilistic assignment of samples to each multi dimensional cluster; prediction of missing data during the process; lithology estimation of clusters based on a built-in "expert" system; and development of multiple relationships among core and log data for each cluster. The approach was applied in the platform area of the SACROC Unit (Permian basin), acknowledged as a highly complex carbonate reservoir. In 2004 and 2005, three wells were drilled in this area, were fully cored through the reservoir (~ 800 ft) and porosity and permeability measurements taken on a foot-by-foot basis.. These measurements jointly with modern well logs were utilized to develop models that firstly predict acoustic impedance (product of sonic and density) from only gamma-ray and neutron porosity logs (widely available), and secondly porosity and permeability from these three combined logs. The generalized models, applicable across the platform area, have successfully replicated acoustic impedance where independent data existed for verification, as well as previously acquired core data. This seems to validate the applicability of the new approach in this highly heterogeneous carbonate reservoir. Unlike seismic inversion and other "data mining" or geostatistical approaches for 3D reservoir characterization, the method described herein can yield, based on the presented example, what appears to be a high resolution result consistent with the known reservoir character.
Reduction in apolipoprotein-mediated removal of cellular lipids by immortalization of human fibroblasts and its reversion by cAMP: lack of effect with Tangier disease cells (1999)

High density lipoprotein (HDL) phospholipids and apolipoproteins remove cellular lipids by two distinct mechanisms, but their relative contribution to reverse cholesterol transport is unknown. Whereas phospholipid-mediated cholesterol efflux from cultured cells reflects the activity of the HDL receptor SR-BI, apolipoprotein-mediated lipid removal is regulated in response to changes in cellular cholesterol content (positive) and cell proliferation rates (negative). Here we show that immortalization of human skin fibroblast lines with the papillomavirus E6/E7 oncogenes increased their proliferation rates and selectively reduced the activity of the apolipoprotein-mediated lipid removal pathway. This reduction was accompanied by a decrease in cellular cAMP levels and was reversed by treatment with a cAMP analog. The stimulatory effect of cAMP was independent of changes in cellular phenotype or activities of cholesteryl ester cycle enzymes. The severely impaired apolipoprotein-mediated lipid removal pathway in Tangier disease fibroblasts, which persisted after immortalization, was not improved by treatment with a cAMP analog, implying that the cellular defect in Tangier disease is upstream from this cAMP-dependent signaling pathway.These results indicate that papillomavirus-induced immortalization of fibroblasts selectively reduces the activity of the apolipoprotein-mediated lipid removal pathway by a cAMP-dependent process, perhaps to prevent loss of cellular lipids needed for continual membrane synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Electroluminescent Conjugated Polymers — Seeing Polymers in a New Light (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In Vitro Autoradiography (1998)

Abstract The light‐microscopic localization of receptors and other molecules by autoradiography of radioligand binding in tissue sections provides a high degree of anatomical resolution and the ability to associate even small quantities of binding sites with anatomical structures. The basic procedure in this unit involves incubating slide‐mounted tissue sections with radioligands, washing and drying of the sections with specifically bound ligands under conditions that preserve ligand binding, and visualizing and quantifying the binding sites in the tissues. While the procedures were developed for drug and neurotransmitter receptors, any binding site can be visualized with a sufficiently selective, high‐affinity radioligand. If optimal conditions for radioligand binding to sites in slide‐mounted tissue sections are already known, the basic protocol in this unit can be used to create autoradiograms. However, if a radioligand is being studied for the first time, guidelines are provided on optimizing experimental parameters for binding, washing, and drying. The light‐microscopic localization of receptors and other molecules by autoradiography of radioligand binding in tissue sectio.
A New Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Detection of Human Enterovirus 68 in Respiratory Samples (2015)

A global reemergence of human enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) associated with severe respiratory illness occurred in 2014. We developed and validated an EV-D68-specific real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for the detection of EV-D68 in respiratory samples. The rapid diagnosis of EV-D68 may contribute to better management of EV-D68 infections.
Activation of -catenin signaling by Rspo1 controls differentiation of the mammalian ovary (2008)

The sex of an individual is determined by the fate of the gonad. While the expression of Sry and Sox9 is sufficient to induce male development, we here show that female differentiation requires activation of the canonical beta-catenin signaling pathway. beta-catenin activation is controlled by Rspo1 in XX gonads and Rspo1 knockout mice show masculinized gonads. Molecular analyses demonstrate an absence of female-specific activation of Wnt4 and as a consequence XY-like vascularization and steroidogenesis. Moreover, germ cells of XX knockout embryos show changes in cellular adhesions and a failure to enter XX specific meiosis. Sex cords develop around birth, when Sox9 becomes strongly activated. Thus, a balance between Sox9 and beta-catenin activation determines the fate of the gonad, with Rspo1 acting as a crucial regulator of canonical beta-catenin signaling required for female development.
Dynamic power management for portable systems (2000)

Portable systems require long battery lifetime while still delivering high performance. Dynamic power management (DPM) policies trade off the performance for the power consumption at the system level in portable devices. In this work we present the time-indexed SMDP model (TISMDP) that we use to derive optimal policy for DPM in portable systems. TISMDP model is needed to handle the non-exponential user request interarrival times we observed in practice. We use our policy to control power consumption on three different devices: the SmartBadge portable device [18], the Sony Vaio laptop hard disk and WLAN card. Simulation results show large savings for all three devices when using our algorithm. In addition, we measured the power consumption and performance of our algorithm and compared it with other DPM algorithms for laptop hard disk and WLAN card. The algorithm based on our TISMDP model has 1.7 times less power consumption as compared to the default Windows timeout policy for the hard disk and three times less power consumption as compared to the default algorithm for the WLAN card.
Internet et les nouvelles formes de liens publics/artistes (2012)

Résumé Le nombre de groupes/artistes en activité n’a cessé d’augmenter depuis les trente glorieuses. Leurs partenaires traditionnels, les maisons de disques, connaissent depuis le début des années 2000 une baisse importante de leurs revenus et ont réduit leurs dépenses dans le développement des projets émergents. Internet s’est imposé comme moyen d’autopromotion à la portée de tous, mais la concurrence y est tout aussi importante. Certains artistes sont parvenus à se démarquer en développant des liens avec une audience de passionnés, souvent artistes eux-mêmes ou impliqués dans les médias numériques (webzines, webradios). Ces passionnés sont souvent le premier public des artistes émergents. Désireux de pouvoir développer une relation personnalisée avec l’artiste, leur investissement peut s’avérer suffisant pour permettre à des groupes/projets/artistes de développer leur carrière, pour peu que ceux-ci parviennent à utiliser au mieux les potentialités offertes par le réseau et à développer un lien avec leur public qui dépasse le simple cadre producteur/acheteur.
Design of the Westinghouse Series 1000 mobile phone (2002)

The North American MSAT system will bring mobile satellite services to the communications industry. The system is described as it relates to the mobile unit. The Westinghouse unit, the Series 1000 Mobile Phone, is designed to render optimum performance at a low per unit cost.
Poems by Han Dong (2007)

N95 respirators comprise a critical part of the personal protective equipment used by frontline health-care workers and are typically meant for one-time usage. However, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a serious shortage of these masks leading to a worldwide effort to develop decontamination and re-use procedures. A major factor contributing to the filtration efficiency of N95 masks is the presence of an intermediate layer of charged polypropylene electret fibers that trap particles through electrostatic or electrophoretic effects. This charge can degrade when the mask is used. Moreover, simple decontamination procedures (e.g., use of alcohol) can degrade any remaining charge from the polypropylene, thus severely impacting the filtration efficiency post-decontamination. In this report, we summarize our results on the development of a simple laboratory setup allowing measurement of charge and filtration efficiency in N95 masks. In particular, we propose and show that it is possible to recharge the masks post-decontamination and recover filtration efficiency.
Expression of a dominant-negative Wnt blocks induction of MyoD in Xenopus embryos. (1996)

During gastrulation of Xenopus embryos the prospective mesoderm is induced initially with domains of dorsal and ventral fate, then further patterned to generate somitic mesoderm by signals from the gastrula organizer. Although Xwnt-8 is expressed in future ventrolateral mesoderm and induces prospective epidermis to differentiate in vitro as ventral mesoderm, no loss-of-function studies have demonstrated a requirement for Wnt signaling for the normal expression of mesodermal genes in the gastrula. We report development of a dominant-negative Wnt (dnXwnt-8) that inhibits embryonic responses to Wnt signaling in a cell-nonautonomous fashion. By expressing dnXwnt-8 in Xenopus embryos, we uncover a requirement of Wnt signaling for localized expression in prospective mesoderm of XMyoDa and Xenopus-posterior (Xpo). Because ectopic expression of functional Xwnt-8 in the dorsal marginal zone of the gastrula induces ectopic XMyoDa and Xpo, both gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments support a model in which endogenous Xwnt-8 functions to induce expression of genes involved in specification of ventral and somitic mesoderm.
BiCMOS technology with 60 GHz n-p-n bipolar and 0.25 mu m CMOS (1992)

A BiCMOS technology has been developed that integrates a high-performance self-aligned double-polysilicon bipolar device into an advanced 0.25 mu m CMOS process. The process sequence has been tailored to allow maximum flexibility in the bipolar device design without perturbation of the CMOS device parameters. Thus, n-p-n cutoff frequencies as high as 60 GHz were achieved while maintaining a CMOS ring oscillator delay per stage of about 54 ps at 2.5 V supply comparable to the performance in the CMOs-only technology. BiCMOS and BiNMOS circuits were also fabricated. BiNMOS circuits exhibited approximately=45% delay improvement compared to CMOS-only circuits under high load conditions at 2.5 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>