gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Classification of Dextrans from Ninety-six Strains of Bacteria1b (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization and Classification of Dextrans from Ninety-six Strains of Bacteria1bAllene Jeanes, W. C. Haynes, C. A. Wilham, J. C. Rankin, E. H. Melvin, Marjorie J. Austin, J. E. Cluskey, B. E. Fisher, H. M. Tsuchiya, and C. E. RistCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 20, 5041–5052Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01649a011Request reuse permissionsArticle Views678Altmetric-Citations379LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stacking interactions in fluorescent nucleotide analogs containing 1-aminonaphthalene-5-sulfonate at the phosphoryl terminus. (1980)

The conformational properties of nucleotides containing the fluorophore 1-aminonaphthalene-5-sulfonate attached via a gamma-phosphoamidate bond have been examined. Measurements of fluorescence excitation spectra show that energy absorbed by adenine in the ATP analog is transferred to the naphthalene moiety with an efficiency of approximately 43%. In nonpolar solvents transfer is almost eliminated. The fluorescence intensity of the UTP analog is quenched. Measurements of quantum yield and excited state lifetime show that this occurs by both dynamic and static mechanisms. Thus, fluorescence studies show that both the purine and pyrimidine analogs exist in an equilibrium mixture of stacked and unstacked forms. NMR studies show that the base and ribose protons of the ATP and UTP analogs are shifted upfield by about 0.2 to 0.3 ppm, presumably due to ring current effects produced by stacking interactions. Phosphorus NMR spectra of the ATP analog are generally similar to spectra of unmodified ATP. The strong dependence on conformation of the fluorescence of the pyrimidine analogs may prove useful in studies of protein-nucleotide interactions.
DNA fingerprinting by sampled sequencing. (1989)

We describe a method for characterizing DNA segments that combines limited sequencing with size separation of restriction fragments. As part of a multistep procedure, 5' overhangs of unknown sequence are generated by cleavage with a class IIS restriction enzyme. After labeling of these ends by using dideoxynucleotides tagged with distinctive fluorescent dyes, the restriction fragments are analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and detection of fluorescent emissions using a commercially available DNA sequencer. The nucleotide-specific fluorescent signatures permit determination of the terminal sequence for each labeled end. The set of labeled fragments, characterized by both size and terminal sequence, constitutes a fingerprint that can be used to compare DNA segments for overlap or relatedness. The inclusion of terminal sequence data dramatically increases the information content of the fingerprint, making comparisons more reliable and efficient than those based upon size alone.
Assessing population needs in primary health care: The problem of GP attachment (1993)

Recent government policy has emphasised the benefits of assessing need at a local level, For Health Authorities operating a system of strict GP attachment, attempting to do this for localities within districts is not straightforward. Easily available quantitative data indicating need (such as that contained in the national census) can be useful in health service planning, but are mostly based on tightly fined geographical areas. This paper describes the problems which exist in defining need for local areas within Norwich Health Authority which is an example of a district where community nursing and paramedical staff are organised in a system of GP attachment with a commonly dispersed patient population. These problems would be reduced, and multidisciplinay teamwork enhanced, if teams could be organised to work within explicit geographical boundaries.
Synthesis, intracellular processing, and signal peptide of human apolipoprotein E. (1984)

Northern blotting analysis has shown apo-E mRNA synthesis by human liver, HepG2 cells, and primary cultures of human monocyte macrophages but not by the macrophage-like cell line U937 and normal or transformed human fibroblasts. Cell-free translation has shown that the primary translation product of apo-E consists of one major and one minor isoprotein of apparent Mr = 28,500 and isoelectric points 6.20 and 6.02, respectively. These isoproteins differ by +1 and 0 charges from apo-E3 and have been designated preapo-E. Co-translational treatment of mRNA with dog pancreatic membranes converts both preapo-E isoproteins to a form which is undistinguishable by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis from plasma apo-E3. The isolation and nucleotide sequence analysis of a full length apo-E cDNA clone has shown that preapo-E contains an 18-amino acid NH2-terminal signal peptide compared to plasma apo-E. The signal peptide sequence is: MetLysValLeuTrpAlaAlaLeuLeuValThrPheLeuAlaGlyCysGlnAla. Comparison of co-translationally modified apo-E with intracellular, secreted, and plasma forms indicates that after the intracellular cleavage of the signal peptide, the protein is glycosylated with carbohydrate chains containing sialic acid, secreted as sialoapo-E (apo-Es), and subsequently desialated in plasma. These findings demonstrate that apo-E is synthesized as preprotein and undergoes intracellular proteolysis and glycosylation and extracellular desialation to attain the major asialoapo-E isoprotein form observed in plasma.
Microbial transformation of nitroaromatic compounds under anaerobic conditions (1993)

The transformation of several mono- and dinitroaromatic compounds (tested at 50-200 microM) by methanogenic bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria and clostridia was studied. Some of the nitroaromatics tested were transformed chemically by 1.5 mM quantities of culture media reducing agents, like cysteine or sulphide. This abiotic reduction occurred at the o-nitro-groups preferentially. Nitrophenols, p-nitroaniline and p-nitrobenzoic acid were completely transformed biologically into the corresponding amino derivatives. The nitroaromatics were transformed by all of the bacterial strains tested. While growing cells of sulphate-reducing bacteria and Clostridium spp. carried out nitroreduction, methanogen cells lysed in the presence of nitroaromatics. Nevertheless these culture suspensions converted nitroaromatics to the corresponding amino derivatives. This was also confirmed by crude cell extracts of methanogenic bacteria. The rate of nitroreduction by sulphate-reducing bacteria depended on the electron donors supplied and the cell density, with molecular hydrogen being the most effective donor of reducing equivalents. The toxicity of p-nitrophenol to some of the organisms tested depended on the concentration of the nitroaromatic compound and the type of organism.
Pilot-symbol-aided channel estimation for OFDM in wireless systems (2000)

In this paper, we investigate pilot-symbol-aided parameter estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. We first derive a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) pilot-symbol-aided parameter estimator. Then, we discuss a robust implementation of the pilot-symbol-aided estimator that is insensitive to channel statistics. From the simulation results, the required signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for a 10% word error rate (WER) are 6.8 dB and 7.3 dB for the typical urban (TU) channels with 40 Hz and 200 Hz Doppler frequencies, respectively, and they are 8 dB and 8.3 dB for the hilly-terrain (HT) channels with 40 Hz and 200 Hz Doppler frequencies, respectively. Compared with the decision-directed parameter estimator, the pilot-symbol-aided estimator is highly robust to Doppler frequency for dispersive fading channels with noise impairment even though it has some performance degradation for systems with lower Doppler frequencies.
Clustering of lipid-bound annexin V may explain its anticoagulant effect. (1992)

In 1985 we isolated a new vascular anticoagulant protein VAC alpha, now called annexin V, with a high binding affinity (Kd less than 10(-10) M) for phospholipids. Its anticoagulant effect was attributed to displacement of coagulation factors from the phospholipid membrane. The present study demonstrates that the inhibition of prothrombinase activity by annexin V strongly depends on the curvature of the membrane surface and on the calcium concentration. Half-maximal inhibition of prothrombinase on and binding of annexin V to small vesicles, composed of 20% phosphatidylserine and 80% phosphatidylcholine, requires 2-3 mM calcium. With large vesicles and planar bilayers considerably less calcium is required for inhibition of prothrombinase and for lipid binding. Half-maximal binding of annexin V to large vesicles and to planar bilayers occurs at 0.7 and 0.2 mM calcium, respectively. This seemingly confirms the displacement model. The displacement of coagulation factors, however, proved to be incomplete, with residual surface concentrations of factors Xa, Va, and prothrombin sufficient for effective production of thrombin. Cryoelectron microscopy revealed that annexin V binding to large vesicles caused planar facets, indicating the formation of large sheets of clustered annexin V. Apparently, the formation of these two-dimensional arrays is promoted by calcium and hampered by high surface curvature. It is speculated that the complete inhibition (greater than 99%) of prothrombinase activity by annexin V is caused by the reduced lateral mobility of prothrombin and factor Xa in rigid sheets of annexin V covering the membrane.
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against human low density lipoprotein. (1983)

Seven monoclonal antibodies against human low density lipoprotein (LDL) have been characterized as to their specificity and ability to interfere with the LDL pathway in cultured human fibroblasts. The immunoreactivity with LDL of two of the antibodies (2D8 and 4G3) was particularly sensitive to modification of lysine and arginine residues in LDL. Cotitration experiments indicated that the antibodies 3A8 and 3A10 may react with the same determinant and that five antibodies (5E11, 3A8, 3A10, 4G3 and 3F5) recognized determinants that were grouped in the same region of the molecule. The two other antibodies (1D1 and 2D8) reacted with determinants distant from this region. When tested in molar excess relative to LDL, Fab fragments of 5E11, 3A8, 3A10, 4G3 and 3F5 (but not 1D1 or 2D8) were capable of blocking the binding of 125I-LDL to the LDL receptor and interfering with LDL suppression of cholesterol synthesis in cultured fibroblasts. Increasing the concentration 10-fold did not change the results significantly. Based on these results we have proposed a map of the determinants as they would appear in LDL.
No-Reflow Phenomenon Persists Long-Term After Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Rat and Predicts Infarct Expansion (2003)

The no-reflow phenomenon persists for 1 month after reperfusion and predicts worse scar thinning and infarct expansion. Thus, one might shift the "open-artery" hypothesis downstream to an "open-microvessel" hypothesis, relating infarct healing, infarct expansion, and outcome to the completeness of microvascular reperfusion above and beyond epicardial artery patency.
Heterophilic interactions of platelet factor 4 and RANTES promote monocyte arrest on endothelium (2005)

The chemokines platelet factor 4 (PF4) and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) are secreted by activated platelets and influence multiple cell types and biologic processes. For instance, PF4 inhibits progenitor cell proliferation and angiogenesis, while platelet-derived RANTES is involved in vascular recruitment of monocytes. However, little is known about functional interactions of PF4 and RANTES. Here we show that the presence of PF4 enhanced the arrest of RANTES-stimulated monocytes and monocytic cells on activated endothelial cells under flow conditions, while binding of PF4 to the monocyte surface was increased by RANTES. Both RANTES-triggered arrest and PF4 binding involved monocytic chondroitin sulfate. Ligand blots and surface plasmon resonance revealed a robust heterophilic interaction of PF4 with RANTES but not with RANTES variants defective in higher order oligomerization. The tetrameric mutant E26A bound to the monocyte surface without increasing PF4 binding, and monocyte arrest induced by E26A-RANTES was not enhanced by PF4. Stimulation of monocytes with supernatants of activated platelets triggered arrest involving RANTES and PF4, as shown by inhibition studies. Our results suggest that heterophilic interactions with PF4 require structural motifs important in RANTES oligomerization and amplify RANTES-triggered effects on monocyte adhesion. This may have implications for the modulation of inflammatory recruitment by platelet-derived chemokines.
Comprehensive analysis of a new fuzzy rule interpolation method (2000)

The first published result in fuzzy rule interpolation was the /spl alpha/-cut based fuzzy rule interpolation, termed as KH fuzzy rule interpolation, originally devoted for complexity reduction. A modified version of the KH approach has been presented by Yam et al. (1999), which eliminates the subnormality problem while at the same time intending to maintain the advantageous computational properties of the original method. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the new method, which includes detailed comparison with the original KH fuzzy rule interpolation method concerning the explicit functions of the methods, preservation of piecewise linearity, and stability. The fuzziness of the conclusion with respect to the fuzziness of the observation is also investigated in comparison with several interpolation techniques. All these comparisons shows that the new method preserves the advantageous properties of the KH method and alleviates its most significant disadvantage, the problem of subnormality.
Islet amyloid polypeptide: mechanisms of amyloidogenesis in the pancreatic islets and potential roles in diabetes mellitus. (1992)

Amyloid deposits characteristically associated with pancreatic islets of those species (e.g., humans, cats, and monkeys) that develop age-associated forms of diabetes have been shown to represent a concentrated and polymerized form of a previously unknown islet-derived protein identified either as IAPP or amylin. IAPP, a highly conserved and carboxy-terminally amidated 37 amino acid polypeptide with approximately 45% amino acid sequence identity to CGRP, is produced by islet beta cells and is cosecreted with insulin in response to glucose and other secretagogues. Prepro-IAPP is synthesized in beta cells as an 89 to 93 amino acid molecule, and mature IAPP appears to be formed by enzymatic processing similar to that involved in the formation of insulin. Glucose-stimulated IAPP secretion generally parallels that of insulin and, on a molar basis, IAPP represents about 1% of the amount of insulin secreted. A significant dissociation of IAPP and insulin secretion (associated with relatively greater upregulation of IAPP secretion) is observed in response to marked hyperglycemia, suggesting that IAPP and insulin expression are differentially regulated. The amyloidogenicity of IAPP in only a very limited number of species is importantly related to the amino acid residues inherently found in the 20-29 region of IAPP from those species. The 25-28 region of human and cat IAPP is identical in structure and appears to be the most important amyloidogenic sequence common to the human and cat. In vitro fibrillogenesis studies have shown that amino acid substitutions in this region especially affect the amyloidogenicity of IAPP. Studies in dogs and cats suggest that aberrations in beta cell synthesis (or processing) of IAPP may lead to an increased concentration of IAPP in the local milieu, thus providing a second prerequisite for the self aggregation of IAPP to form islet amyloid. IAPP has been implicated to have physiological roles in glucose regulation, hemodynamics, calcium homeostasis, and as an anorectic agent. The major current interest in IAPP concerns its potential relationships to glucose metabolism and the development of type 2 diabetes. Evidence has been provided which indicates that IAPP can inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by beta cells, and that IAPP can also potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes by increasing hepatic glucose output and by inducing peripheral insulin resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Specific activation and targeting of cytotoxic lymphocytes through chimeric single chains consisting of antibody-binding domains and the gamma or zeta subunits of the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptors. (1993)

The generation of tumor-specific lymphocytes and their use in adoptive immunotherapy is limited to a few malignancies because most spontaneous tumors are very weak or not at all immunogenic. On the other hand, many anti-tumor antibodies have been described which bind tumor-associated antigens shared among tumors of the same histology. Combining the variable regions (Fv) of an antibody with the constant regions of the T-cell receptor (TCR) chains results in chimeric genes endowing T lymphocytes with antibody-type specificity, potentially allowing cellular adoptive immunotherapy against types of tumors not previously possible. To generalize and extend this approach to additional lymphocyte-activating molecules, we designed and constructed chimeric genes composed of a single-chain Fv domain (scFv) of an antibody linked with gamma or zeta chains, the common signal-transducing subunits of the immunoglobulin receptor and the TCR. Such chimeric genes containing the Fv region of an anti-trinitophenyl antibody could be expressed as functional surface receptors in a cytolytic T-cell hybridoma. They triggered interleukin 2 secretion upon encountering antigen and mediated non-major-histocompatibility-complex-restricted hapten-specific target cell lysis. Such chimeric receptors can be exploited to provide T cells and other effector lymphocytes, such as natural killer cells, with antibody-type recognition directly coupled to cellular activation.
Automated radiosynthesis of no-carrier-added [S-fluoromethyl- 18F]fluticasone propionate as a radiotracer for lung deposition studies with PET (1997)

Fluticasone propionate [(S)-fluoromethyl-6α,9α-difluoro-11β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-3-oxo-17α-(propionyloxy)-androsta-1,4-diene-17β-carbothioate; FP] is a potent anti-inflammatory steroid with several therapeutic indications, including use as an anti-asthmatic drug when administered as sized particles by inhalation from a pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). FP was successfully labelled with fluorine-18(t1/2 = 109.6 min; β+ = 100 %) by displacement of tosylate with cyclotron-produced no-carrier-added [18F]fluoride in an (S)-tosylmethyl precursor prepared from the known (S)-chloromethyl analogue of FP. Radiochemically pure [S-fluoromethyl-18F]FP was separated by reverse phase HPLC in 35% radiochemical yield (decay-corrected) within 80 min from the end of radionuclide production (as verified by, radio-HPLC, LC-MS, and LC-NMR). The radiosynthesis was automated for the safe production of high radioactivities (20-50 mCi) of [18F]FP in a lead-shielded hot-cell for subsequent incorporation into formulated FP particles within a pMDI and subsequent study of FP deposition in human lung using positron emission tomography (PET). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First-in-Human Testing of a Wirelessly Controlled Drug Delivery Microchip (2012)

The first clinical trial of an implantable microchip-based drug delivery device is discussed. Human parathyroid hormone fragment (1-34) [hPTH(1-34)] was delivered from the device in vivo. hPTH(1-34) is the only approved anabolic osteoporosis treatment, but requires daily injections, making patient compliance an obstacle to effective treatment. Furthermore, a net increase in bone mineral density requires intermittent or pulsatile hPTH(1-34) delivery, a challenge for implantable drug delivery products. The microchip-based devices, containing discrete doses of lyophilized hPTH(1-34), were implanted in eight osteoporotic postmenopausal women for 4 months and wirelessly programmed to release doses from the device once daily for up to 20 days. A computer-based programmer, operating in the Medical Implant Communications Service band, established a bidirectional wireless communication link with the implant to program the dosing schedule and receive implant status confirming proper operation. Each woman subsequently received hPTH(1-34) injections in escalating doses. The pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and bioequivalence of hPTH(1-34) were assessed. Device dosing produced similar pharmacokinetics to multiple injections and had lower coefficients of variation. Bone marker evaluation indicated that daily release from the device increased bone formation. There were no toxic or adverse events due to the device or drug, and patients stated that the implant did not affect quality of life.
Comparative Study of Collagen and Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Membranes in the Treatment of Human Class II Furcation Defects (1994)

The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in clinical attachment when either a non-resorbable ePTFE membrane or an absorbable collagen membrane was used as a barrier during surgical treatment of class II molar furcation defects. Thirteen patients, mean age 43.2 years, with two comparable class II molar defects were treated using a split mouth design. Pre-surgical standardized probings were made using an automated probe at a constant force of 25 grams. Four to 6 weeks after initial therapy, the furcations were surgically debrided, the membranes placed to occlude separate furcation defects in each patient, and the sites closed. The ePTFE membrane was removed 6 weeks after placement. Six months postsurgery, the clinical measurements were repeated. Student t test was used to compare the results. There were no significant differences in the mean initial measurements between the treatment groups. The mean decrease in vertical probing depth was 1.40 +/- 1.68 mm for the collagen treated sites and 1.07 +/- 0.81 mm for the ePTFE treated sites. The decrease in horizontal probing depth was 1.49 +/- 1.97 mm for the collagen treated sites and 0.79 +/- 2.16 mm for the ePTFE treated sites. No significant differences were found between any of the clinical parameters measured. Based on the results of this short-term clinical study, the absorbable collagen membrane was statistically equivalent to the non-resorbable ePTFE membrane in the clinical resolution of class II furcation defects.