gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Counting Moving People in Videos by Salient Points Detection (2010)

This paper presents a novel method to count people for video surveillance applications. The problem is faced by establishing a mapping between some scene features and the number of people. Moreover, the proposed technique takes specifically into account problems due to perspective. In the experimental evaluation, the method has been compared with respect to the algorithm by Albiol et al., which provided the highest performance at the PETS 2009 contest on people counting, using the same datasets. The results confirm that the proposed method improves the accuracy, while retaining the robustness of Albiol's algorithm.
Elevated serum eotaxin levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2002)

There is an increased expression of eotaxin in IBD patients, suggesting that eotaxin may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. This increase is more accentuated in Crohn's disease and negatively correlates with the eosinophil number in peripheral blood. Our data support the increasing evidence that eosinophil are functionally involved in the pathophysiology of IBD.
Immunoglobulin production and secretion by variant clones of the MOPC 315 mouse myeloma cell line. (1980)

Abstract A clone of the IgA-producing MOPC 316 myeloma cell line (clone 25) was used to isolate three populatjons of variant cultures: λ-chain producing and secreting cells (clone 26); λ-chain producing but not secreting cells (clone 37); and non-Ig producing cells (clone 36). The inability of clone 37 to secrete the λ-chains that it produced provided an opportunity to ascertain whether a structural defect in the λ-chains or an aberration in the secretory apparatus of the cell was responsible for absence of secretion. The results obtained were compared with the λ-chain producing and secreting clone 26 cells, while the nonproducing clone 36 cells served as a negative control. It was found by in vivo labeling studies that secreting clone 26 cells produced approximately the same amount of λ-chains as did nonsecreting clone 37 cells. The λ-chains turned over somewhat more rapidly (2 as opposed to 3 hr) in clone 26 cells, but in both cases the λ-chains were localized to them icrosomal fraction of the cell. The presence in nonsecreting clone 37 cells of a markedly dilated rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, presumably filled with λ-chains, as determined by transmission electronmicroscopy, was the morphologic counterpart of absence of secretion in these cells. Poly Acontaining RNA prepared from clone 26 and 37 cells both programmed cell-free translation systems prepared from wheat embryo extracts and reticulocyte lysates to produce a λ-chain precursor. Mature λ-chains were produced by these RNA in Xenopus Iaevis oocytes and compartmentalization studies showed that they localized equally well to the microsomal fraction of the oocytes. Poly A-containing RNA from clone 36 did not program the synthesis of any Ig chains. λ-Chains could be demonstrated by the hydrogen peroxide catalyzed lactoperoxidase iodination reaction on the surface of both secreting clone 26 and nonsecreting clone 37 cells. The λ-chains produced by clone 26 cells differed from clone3 7 cells by focusing differently in a pH gradient. These studies showed that both secreting clone 26 and nonsecreting clone 37 cells synthesized and processed λ-chains in a similar fashion but secretion was not observed with clone 37 cells because of a structural alteration in th λ-echains.
Transforming growth factor‐β1 is a heparin‐binding protein: Identification of putative heparin‐binding regions and isolation of heparins with varying affinity for TGF‐β1 (1992)

Previous studies indicated that a major factor in heparin's ability to suppress the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells is an interaction with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). Heparin appeared to bind directly to TGF-beta 1 and to prevent the association of TGF-beta 1 with alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M). The present studies indicate that 20-70% of iodinated TGF-beta 1 binds to heparin-Sepharose and the retained fraction is eluted with approximately 0.37 M NaCl. Native, unlabelled platelet TGF-beta 1, however, is completely retained by heparin-Sepharose and eluted with 0.9-1.2 M NaCl. Using synthetic peptides, the regions of TGF-beta 1 that might be involved in the binding of heparin and other polyanions were examined. Sequence analysis of TGF-beta 1 indicated three regions with a high concentration of basic residues. Two of these regions had the basic residues arranged in a pattern homologous to reported consensus heparin-binding regions of other proteins. The third constituted a structurally novel pattern of basic residues. Synthetic peptides homologous to these three regions, but not to other regions of TGF-beta 1, were found to bind to heparin-Sepharose and were eluted with 0.15 M-0.30 M NaCl. Only two of these regions were capable of blocking the binding of heparin to 125I-TGF-beta. Immobilization of these peptides, followed by affinity purification of heparin, indicated that one peptide was capable of isolating subspecies of heparin with high and low affinity for authentic TGF-beta 1. The ability of TGF-beta 1 to bind to heparin or related proteoglycans under physiological conditions may be useful in understanding the biology of this pluripotent growth and metabolic signal. Conversely, a subspecies of heparin molecules with high affinity for TGF-beta 1 may be a factor in some of the diverse biological actions of heparin.
Digital Speckle Projection for Vibration Measurement by Applying Digital Image Correlation Method (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Anti-Titin Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis (2001)

Anti-titin antibodies are a sensitive marker of thymoma associated with MG in patients 60 years and younger, justifying the insistent search for a thymoma in MG patients of this age group who have these antibodies. In nonthymoma patients, anti-titin antibodies represent an interesting marker complementary to the anti-AChR antibody titer, identifying a restricted subset of patients. These clinical correlations should prompt further studies to examine the mechanisms leading to the production of anti-titin antibodies.
Human cathelicidin, hCAP-18, is processed to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by extracellular cleavage with proteinase 3 (2001)

Cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial proteins found in the peroxidase-negative granules of neutrophils. The known biologic functions reside in the C-terminus, which must be cleaved from the holoprotein to become active. Bovine and porcine cathelicidins are cleaved by elastase from the azurophil granules to yield the active antimicrobial peptides. The aim of this study was to identify the physiological setting for cleavage of the only human cathelicidin, hCAP-18, to liberate the antibacterial and cytotoxic peptide LL-37 and to identify the protease responsible for this cleavage. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that both hCAP-18 and azurophil granule proteins were present in the phagolysosome. Immunoblotting revealed no detectable cleavage of hCAP-18 in cells after phagocytosis. In contrast, hCAP-18 was cleaved to generate LL-37 in exocytosed material. Of the 3 known serine proteases from azurophil granules, proteinase 3 was solely responsible for cleavage of hCAP-18 after exocytosis. This is the first detailed study describing the generation of a human antimicrobial peptide from a promicrobicidal protein, and it demonstrates that the generation of active antimicrobial peptides from common proproteins occurs differently in related species. (Blood. 2001;97:3951-3959)
Cyclophilin A: potential functions and therapeutic target for human cancer. (2009)

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a cytosolic binding protein of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. CypA has an activity of peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase, which may play important roles in protein folding, trafficking, assembly, immune-modulator and cell signaling. Secreted form of CypA can act as growth factors in several cell types. On the other hand, CypA also involves in pathogenesis in several diseases including viral infection, cardiovascular disease and cancer. For example, CypA protein displays an unusually high expression in several cancer types and correlates with poor outcome of the patients. In this review, we have focused on the recently available clinical data of altered CypA expression in various tumor tissues and cell lines and discussed contributions and potential molecular mechanisms of CypA to tumor progression and clinical association. CypA could promote cancer cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, cell migration/invasion and drug resistant in various cancer cell types. The mechanism by which CypA contributes to cancer progression appears to involve a complex interplay of proteins and pathways including membrane receptor for CypA, CD147, and CypA binding partners inside the cells. CypA could be used as a molecular target for cancer therapy.
Critical role of Vα14+ natural killer T cells in the innate phase of host protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection (2003)

The present study was designed to elucidate the role of Valpha14(+) NKT cells in the host defense against pulmonary infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae using Jalpha281 gene-disrupted mice (Jalpha281KO mice) that lacked this lymphocyte subset. In these mice, pneumococcal infection was severely exacerbated, as shown by the shorter survival time and marked increase of live bacteria in the lung compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The proportion of Valpha14(+) NKT cells, detected by an alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer)-loaded CD1d tetramer, increased in thelung after S. pneumoniae infection. This increase was significantly reduced in mice with a genetic disruption of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, which was produced in the early phaseof infection in WT mice. In the lungs of Jalpha281KO mice, the number of neutrophils was significantly lower at 12 h than that in WT mice. In support of this finding, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 and TNF-alpha synthesis in infected lungs was significantly reduced at 3 h and at both 3 and 6 h, respectively, in Jalpha281KO mice, compared to WT mice. In addition, treatment of mice with alpha-GalCer significantly improved the outcome of this infection. Our results demonstrated MCP-1-dependent recruitment of Valpha14(+) NKT cells and their critical role in early host protection against S. pneumoniae by promoting the trafficking of neutrophils to the site of infection.
FTY720 MEDIATES APOPTOSIS-INDEPENDENT LYMPHOPENIA IN HUMAN RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS: DIFFERENT EFFECTS ON CD62L+ AND CCR5+ T LYMPHOCYTES (2004)

Background. The sphingolipid FTY720 (FTY), a novel immune modulator, induces lymphopenia and prevents allograft rejection. This study was designed to study the effect of FTY on lymphocyte subpopulations and apoptosis in stable renal allograft recipients. Methods. Stable renal allograft recipients received a single oral dose of 0.25 to 3.5 mg of FTY (n= 13) or placebo (n= 3). Whole blood was drawn immediately before and at 4, 8, 12, 24, 72, and 96 hr after administration. The number of lymphocyte subpopulations, with an emphasis on surface markers involved in lymphocyte migration, was analyzed by flow cytometry. Apoptotic lymphocytes were detected following Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Lymphocyte mobility was investigated in a modified Boyden chamber. Results. FTY induced a transient lymphopenia by an apoptosis-independent mechanism. In vitro experiments with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) confirmed that clinically relevant concentrations of FTY (0.1 μM) increased lymphocyte mobility, whereas only suprapharmacologic concentrations of FTY (10 μM) could induce apoptosis. FTY-treated patients had reversible changes in the composition of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations. CD62L+ T cells decreased to the greatest extent (−57%). In contrast, CCR5+ T-cell counts declined only marginally (−10%). In vitro, treatment of PBMC with FTY (1 mM–10 μM) did not induce changes in the expression of these surface markers. Conclusions. The data indicate that FTY mediates apoptosis-independent lymphopenia in human renal allograft recipients. FTY-induced lymphopenia preferentially affects CD62L+ and CCR5+ T-lymphocyte subpopulations.
The Architecture of the Festival Speech Synthesis System (1998)

We describe a new formalism for storing linguistic data in a text to speech system. Linguistic entities such as words and phones are stored as feature structures in a general object called an linguistic item. Items are configurable at run time and via the feature structure can contain arbitrary information. Linguistic relations are used to store the relationship between items of the same linguistic type. Relations can take any graph structure but are commonly trees or lists. Utterance structures contain all the items and relations contained in a single utterance. We first describe the design goals when building a synthesis architecture, and then describe some problems with previous architectures. We then discuss our new formalism in general along with the implementation details and consequences of our approach. 1. INTRODUCTION Speech synthesis systems require ways of storing the various types of linguistic information produced in the process of converting the input format (e.g. text...
Platelet activation during preparation of platelet concentrates: a comparison of the platelet‐rich plasma and the buffy coat methods (1990)

The activation of platelets during the preparation of platelet concentrates (PCs) by two methods was compared. To eliminate interdonor differences, 2 units of whole blood were pooled and subsequently divided into two batches. From one batch, the platelets were harvested as pelleted platelets from platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and from the other as nonpelleted platelets from the buffy coat (BC). The activation of platelets in these PCs was studied immediately after preparation and during storage for up to 9 days at 22 degrees C with gentle agitation. The binding of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against the GP IIb/IIIa complex and against activation-dependent antigens (GMP 140 from the alpha granules and a 53-kDa glycoprotein from the lysosomal granules) was measured. Beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) release was also determined. Disc-to-sphere transformation was quantitated by measuring on an aggregometer the difference in light transmission during stirring at different rates and also by light microscopy. Immediately after preparation, platelets derived from PRP had a more spheric morphology (p less than 0.01), had a higher beta-TG release (p less than 0.01), bound more MoAbs against GP IIb/IIIa (p less than 0.01), and expressed more GMP 140 and 53-kDa glycoprotein (p less than 0.01) than did BC-derived platelets. However, these differences had disappeared after 2 days of storage. It was concluded that, immediately after preparation, PRP-derived platelets are more activated than BC-derived platelets. This is most likely a result of the pelleting that follows the second high-speed centrifugation of the PRP.
Fhit Interaction with Ferredoxin Reductase Triggers Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis of Cancer Cells (2008)

Fhit protein is lost in most cancers, its restoration suppresses tumorigenicity, and virus-mediated FHIT gene therapy induces apoptosis and suppresses tumors in preclinical models. We have used protein cross-linking and proteomics methods to characterize a Fhit protein complex involved in triggering Fhit-mediated apoptosis. The complex includes Hsp60 and Hsp10 that mediate Fhit stability and may affect import into mitochondria, where it interacts with ferredoxin reductase, responsible for transferring electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450 via ferredoxin. Viral-mediated Fhit restoration increases production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, followed by increased apoptosis of lung cancer cells under oxidative stress conditions; conversely, Fhit-negative cells escape apoptosis, carrying serious oxidative DNA damage that may contribute to an increased mutation rate. Characterization of Fhit interacting proteins has identified direct effectors of the Fhit-mediated apoptotic pathway that is lost in most cancers through loss of Fhit.
Energy and Spectral Efficiency of Very Large Multiuser MIMO Systems (2013)

A multiplicity of autonomous terminals simultaneously transmits data streams to a compact array of antennas. The array uses imperfect channel-state information derived from transmitted pilots to extract the individual data streams. The power radiated by the terminals can be made inversely proportional to the square-root of the number of base station antennas with no reduction in performance. In contrast if perfect channel-state information were available the power could be made inversely proportional to the number of antennas. Lower capacity bounds for maximum-ratio combining (MRC), zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detection are derived. An MRC receiver normally performs worse than ZF and MMSE. However as power levels are reduced, the cross-talk introduced by the inferior maximum-ratio receiver eventually falls below the noise level and this simple receiver becomes a viable option. The tradeoff between the energy efficiency (as measured in bits/J) and spectral efficiency (as measured in bits/channel use/terminal) is quantified for a channel model that includes small-scale fading but not large-scale fading. It is shown that the use of moderately large antenna arrays can improve the spectral and energy efficiency with orders of magnitude compared to a single-antenna system.
Tumor‐specific expression of anti‐ mdr1 ribozyme selectively restores chemosensitivity in multidrug‐resistant colon‐adenocarcinoma cells (1999)

P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-conferred multidrug resistance (MDR) is expressed in cancer and in normal colon tissues and has important physiological functions. In order to selectively reverse MDR in malignant tissue without disrupting the function of normal colonocytes, a retroviral vector (pCEAMR) containing anti-mdr1 ribozyme coupled to the carcino-embryonic-antigen (CEA) promoter was constructed and introduced into resistant colon-cancer cells (SW1116R) that produce CEA and into control resistant cells (HeLaK) that do not produce CEA. Anti-mdr1 ribozyme was expressed in SW1116R cells but not in HeLaK cells. Subsequently, the expression of mdr1 mRNA and Pgp decreased significantly in the transfected SW1116R cells, and was even lower than in parent non-resistant SW1116 cells. The functional ability of Pgp to facilitate rhodamine 123 (Rh123) efflux showed that the transfected SW1116R cells with low Pgp expression retained Rh123, whereas non-transfected SW1116R cells with high Pgp expression released the dye quickly. There was no difference in mdr1 mRNA or in Pgp between non-transfected and transfected HeLaK cells. Drug resistance to doxorubicin (DOX) decreased 93.1% in the transfected SW1116R cells, while no change in drug resistance occurred in the infected HeLaK cells. DOX could clearly inhibit the growth of transfected SW1116R tumors but had no effect on untransfected and on transfected HeLaK cells in vivo. These results indicate that our anti-mdr1 ribozyme is expressed only in CEA-producing colon-cancer cells and reverses their drug resistance selectively.
Maturation-dependent repair of untreated osteochondral defects in the rabbit knee joint (1997)

Repair of untreated full-thickness cartilage defects in the medial femoral knee condyle was studied in 17 young, 21 adolescent, and 19 adult rabbits. At 6 weeks, the defect was completely filled by tissue regeneration in all young and adolescent animals, but in only few of the adults (p < 0.05). The morphology of all repairs improved from fibrous tissue to hyaline-like cartilage over time (p < 0.05), but at 3 and 6 weeks, the repair tissue in young and adolescent rabbits was more cartilage-like than in the adults (p < 0.05). In addition, bonding of the repair tissue to the adjacent cartilage was better in the young and adolescent than in the adult animals (p < 0.05). At 12 weeks, subchondral bone had formed in some young and adolescent repairs, but in no case in the adults. None of the repairs showed normal cartilage appearance, but formation of hyaline-like cartilage was common at 12 weeks. Irrespective of age or observation time, the repair site showed decreased stiffness and larger strain values compared to adjacent or control cartilage (p < 0.001) with no tendency for improvement over time. Younger animals showed a faster filling of the defect and an earlier specialization of the repair tissue than adult animals, but the mechanical quality of the regenerated tissue remained inferior to normal.
Comparison of Cascade Impaction and Laser Diffraction for Particle Size Distribution Measurements (2005)

The Andersen cascade impactor (ACI) and laser diffraction (LD) can be correlated at ambient temperature for aqueous drug formulations atomized by Soft Mist inhalers. A comparison of the two particle size determination methods at different conditions (flow rate, relative humidity) was performed. Under well-defined conditions, the faster LD can substitute the time consuming ACI at least for routine tests. The measurements were performed with three different drug formulations. The aerosol was generated by Soft Mist inhalers, and the droplet distributions were measured simultaneously using a laser diffraction analyzer together with the eight-stage Andersen cascade impactor. The simultaneous measurements ensure that aerosol and air conditions are identical for both LD and ACI. In order to measure the scattered laser light intensity of the aerosol passing the induction port, glass windows were fitted to the induction port. The evaporation effect of the aqueous aerosols on the PSD was investigated at ambient humidity and high humidity (RH > 90%). The simultaneous determination of the droplet size distribution leads to a good correlation between the ACI and LD method only if the measurements were performed at RH of >90%. The humidity of the ambient air had the strongest influence on PSD not only for ACI, but also for LD. In our set-up, the almost saturated air prevents aqueous droplets from drying. The influence of the flow rate on LD was negligible, whereas for ACI, a flow rate dependence is expected. The advantages of LD and the demonstrated compatibility to established EP/USP methods motivate the substitution of the ACI and the use of LD for routine measurements.