gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant human interferon (IFN) alpha‐2b in chronic myelogenous leukaemia: dose dependency of response and frequency of neutralizing anti‐interferon antibodies (1989)

Twenty-seven patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia in the chronic phase were treated with low doses of recombinant interferon (IFN) alpha-2b. Ten patients entered a complete and six a partial haematologic remission with a median duration of 5.8 and 9.1 months respectively. Five minor cytogenetic responses were observed. These results are inferior compared to other studies with higher interferon-doses. Fever was an acute side effect after injection of IFN, limb pains and fatigue occurred protractedly. Haematologic side effects, nonspecific EEG changes, weight loss, and development of pulmonary infiltrates were observed in later periods of the treatment. Eight patients developed neutralizing anti-IFN antibodies after 4.2-20.4 months (median 12.8 months). Anti-IFN antibodies were associated with relapse or refractoriness to IFN treatment: five out of nine patients with rising WBC after initial fall had antibodies, while four did not. Two out of four patients with primary non-response had IFN-antibodies. These results may indicate a serious problem in the long-term treatment of CML with recombinant interferon.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Properties of Highly Potent Tubulysin D Analogues (2007)

Ten analogues of tubulysin D were synthesized and assayed against established mammalian cell lines, including cancer cells measuring inhibition of cell growth by an MTT assay. These experiments establish for the first time the essential features for the potent cytotoxicity of tubulysin D. The activities of analogues 2 to 5 demonstrate that numerous modifications may be introduced at the C-terminus of the natural product with only modest loss in activity, while the activities of analogues 6 to 8 suggest that a basic amine must be present at the N-terminus to maintain activity. Most surprisingly, analogue 10 establishes that replacement of the chemically labile O-acyl N,O-acetal with the stable N-methyl group results in almost no loss in activity. In aggregate, these structure-activity relationships enable the design of analogues such as 11 that are smaller and considerably more stable than tubulysin D but that maintain most of its potent cell-growth inhibitory activity.
Nonlinear Self-Interference Cancellation for Full-Duplex Radios: From Link-Level and System-Level Performance Perspectives (2017)

One of the promising technologies for Long Term Evolution is full-duplex radio, an innovation that is expected to double spectral efficiency. To realize full-duplex in practice, the main challenge is overcoming self-interference, and to do so, researchers have developed self-interference cancellation techniques. Since most wireless transceivers use power amplifiers, especially in cellular systems, researchers have revealed the importance of nonlinear self-interference cancellation. In this article, we first explore several nonlinear digital self-interference cancellation techniques. We then propose a low-complexity pre-calibration- based nonlinear digital self-interference cancellation technique. Next, we discuss the issues about reference signal allocation and the overhead of each technique. For performance evaluations, we carry out extensive measurements through a real-time prototype and link-/system-level simulations. For link-level analysis, we measure the amount of cancelled self-interference for each technique. We also evaluate system-level performance through 3D ray-tracing-based simulations. Numerical results confirm the significant performance improvement over a half-duplex system even in interference-limited indoor environments.
BRCA1Mutations in a Population-Based Sample of Young Women with Breast Cancer (1996)

Alterations in BRCA1 were identified in approximately 10 percent of this cohort of young women with breast cancer. The risk of harboring a mutation was not limited to women with family histories of breast or ovarian cancer. These results represent a minimal estimate of the frequency of BRCA1 mutations in this population. Comprehensive methods of identifying BRCA1 mutations and understanding their importance will be needed before testing of women in the general population can be undertaken.
A Molecular Determinant for Submillisecond Desensitization in Glutamate Receptors (1994)

The decay of excitatory postsynaptic currents in central neurons mediated by alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptors is likely to be shaped either by receptor desensitization or by offset after removal of glutamate from the synaptic cleft. Native AMPA receptors show desensitization time constants of 1 to about 10 milliseconds, but the underlying molecular determinants of these large differences are unknown. Cloned AMPA receptors carrying the "flop" splice variants of glutamate receptor subtype C (GluR-C) and GluR-D are shown to have desensitization time constants of around 1 millisecond, whereas those with the "flip" variants are about four times slower. Cerebellar granule cells switch their expression of GluR-D splice variants from mostly flip forms in early stages to predominantly flop forms in the adult rat brain. These findings suggest that rapid desensitization of AMPA receptors can be regulated by the expression and alternative splicing of GluR-D gene transcripts.
Internet Starter Kit for Windows; With 2 Disks (1995)

From the Publisher:
Take your computer on a world tour! Wherever you want to go, whatever you want to do -- the Internet gives you what you need. And this book is your ticket. Freeware and shareware programs, universal email, news services, games, real-time conversations with people all across the globe, special interest networks, and libraries of programs and information -- all this and more is waiting for you!
Highly Active Di- and Trimetallic Cobalt Catalysts for the Copolymerization of CHO and CO2 at Atmospheric Pressure (2010)

The synthesis and characterization of three new cobalt catalysts for the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and cyclohexene oxide are reported. All the complexes are extremely active at just 1 atm pressure of carbon dioxide, with very high selectivity for copolymerization and carbonate formation. The catalysts are dicobalt(II/II and II/III) and tricobalt(II/II/II) complexes coordinated by a macrocyclic, reduced “Robson” type ancillary ligand and by acetate groups. The complexes are significantly more active than their direct zinc analogues, which we attribute to the increased nucleophilicity of the cobalt−oxygen bond in the cobalt−carbonate propagating species. All three complexes are characterized using mass spectrometry, infrared and ultraviolet−visible spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and, for the tricobalt complex and mixed valence dicobalt species, single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2009)

system in health and then focus on advances in our understanding of how genetic alterations in this system contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease.
Baboon/human homologies examined by spectral karyotyping (SKY): a visual comparison (1998)

Baboon (Papio hamadryas) metaphase chromosomes were analyzed using spectral karyotyping (SKY), a technique combining fluorescence microscopy, CCD-imaging, and Fourier spectroscopy. Results from a comparison of SKY analyses using probes derived from human chromosomes on baboon metaphases were consistent with the majority of comparative gene mapping data between the two species. These data were also compatible with earlier studies comparing macaque and human chromosomes. Human (HSA) chromosome 2 was homologous to baboon (PHA) chromosomes 12 (HSA 2q) and 13 (HSA 2p), whereas three baboon chromosomes corresponded to two different human chromosomes: PHA 3 to HSA 7 and HSA 21, PHA 7 to HSA 14 and HSA 15, and PHA 10 to HSA 20 and HSA 22. These results support the retained synteny between the Hominidae and Cercopithecidae genomes.
Lactose Determination in Raw Milk with a Two-Enzyme Based Electrochemical Sensor (1987)

Abstract A hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensor, coupled with two enzymes (ß -galactosidase and glucose oxidase) immobilized on the surface of the sensor covered with a cellulose acetate dialysis membrane (cut off 100), is proposed for the analysis of lactose in raw milk. The resulting hydrogen peroxide formation is measured with a platinum electrode polarized at +650 mV versus Ag/AgCl. The procedure developed is very simple and the short response time permits its use in assaying milk samples on dairy farms.
Berührungslose Temperaturmessung an Flüssigkeiten in geschlossenen Behältern (2004)

Zahlreiche technische Prozesse mit hochreinen oder aggressiven Flussigkeiten, insbesondere die Probenvorbereitung bei der Naturstoffanalytik, erlauben nur eine nichtinvasive Temperaturmessung. Diese kann bei geschlossenen Behaltern ausschlieslich durch die Wand erfolgen. Hierfur wird in dieser Arbeit erstmals ein Strahlungsthermometer vorgestellt, das nur geringe Anforderungen an die optische Transparenz des Behalterwerkstoffes im mittleren Infraroten stellt. Dieser Sensor bewertet in vier Kanalen mit unterschiedlicher optischer Bandbreite die thermische Strahlung, die das gefullte Gefas in den Ausenraum abgibt. Die spektrale Festlegung erfolgt dabei auf Grundlage eines Modells fur die spektrale Verteilung des Strahlungsflusses, das die Temperaturverteilung und den komplexen Brechungsindex von Flussigkeit und Gefas berucksichtigt. Sie wurde fur den hier beschriebene Prototyp so getroffen, dass er sich fur solch unterschiedliche Werkstoffe wie fur Borosilicatglas, PTFE, Polyethylen oder das Infrarotglas IG2 eignet. Die Verknupfung der Ausgangssignale der Sensorkanale mittels Regressionspolynom oder einem speziell fur diese Anwendung entwickelten Verfahren, das Methoden der Fuzzi-Logik nutzt, ermoglicht die Bestimmung der Innentemperatur, unabhangig von der uberlagerten thermischen Strahlung der Wand. Die erreichte Messgenauigkeit fur die Innentemperatur hangt dabei stark vom Behaltermaterial ab. Bei allen untersuchten Werkstoffen ubersteigt sie die Genauigkeit der Bestimmung uber die Wandtemperatur deutlich. Fur IG2 liegt sie im Bereich eines kommerziellen Strahlungsthermometers, das jedoch auf frei zugangliche Oberflachen beschrankt ist. Untersuchungen an Wasser und verschiedenen organischen Losungsmitteln zeigen, dass der Temperaturmesswert nicht von der Stromungsgeschwindigkeit abhangt, sofern der Temperaturgradient in der Flussigkeit verschwindet. Dann bleibt auch die chemische Zusammensetzung des Inhalts ohne Auswirkung auf den Messwert.
Mechanisms of sensorineural cell damage, death and survival in the cochlea (2015)

The majority of acquired hearing loss, including presbycusis, is caused by irreversible damage to the sensorineural tissues of the cochlea. This article reviews the intracellular mechanisms that contribute to sensorineural damage in the cochlea, as well as the survival signaling pathways that can provide endogenous protection and tissue rescue. These data have primarily been generated in hearing loss not directly related to age. However, there is evidence that similar mechanisms operate in presbycusis. Moreover, accumulation of damage from other causes can contribute to age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Potential therapeutic interventions to balance opposing but interconnected cell damage and survival pathways, such as antioxidants, anti-apoptotics, and pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitors, are also discussed.
Highly shifted LIPOCEST agents based on the encapsulation of neutral polynuclear paramagnetic shift reagents (2007)

Improved LIPOCEST MRI contrast agents with highly shifted intraliposomal water protons were prepared by entrapping neutral polynuclear Tm(III)-based paramagnetic shift reagents in phospholipidic vesicles.
An experimental study comparing the relative effectiveness of functional, scan, IDDq and delay-fault testing (2002)

This paper describes an experiment in which various semiconductor test methodologies (stuck-fault, functional, delay and IDDq) are applied to an ASIC device. The goal of this project is to provide the data that will enable manufacturers to optimize their application of the various tests. This project was supported through SEMATECH (Project S-121, "Semiconductor Test Method Evaluation ").
Molecular cloning of the murine adenosine deaminase gene from a genetically enriched source: identification and characterization of the promoter region. (1986)

A genomic library was prepared with DNA from a genetically enriched mouse cell line in which amplified copies of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene account for over 5% of the genome. Overlapping cosmid clones encompassing the entire ADA structural gene were isolated from this genomic library and used for subsequent structural and functional analyses. Nuclease protection and primer extension analyses served to identify the location of multiple transcription initiation sites at the 5' end of the structural gene. Promoter activity was found by functional analyses to reside within a 240-base-pair fragment which contains the transcription initiation sites. Sequences upstream of the transcription initiation sites are very G + C rich (77%) and include a 22 nucleotide stretch of deoxyguanylate residues and two potential Sp1 transcription factor-binding sites. Comparison of the mouse and human ADA gene promoters revealed the presence of several regions that are highly conserved with regard to both sequence content and location and may represent genetic elements which are involved in ADA gene expression.
Intracellular recording of identified neostriatal patch and matrix spiny cells in a slice preparation preserving cortical inputs (1989)

1. The morphology, electrical membrane properties, and corticostriatal excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of two groups of neostriatal projection cells, patch cells, and matrix spiny cells were compared in the rat by the use of an in vitro slice preparation that preserves inputs from medial agranular cortex. Spiny cells were stained intracellularly with biocytin and identified as belonging to the patch (striosomal) compartment or to the matrix by immunohistochemistry for the 28 kD calcium-binding protein calbindin on the same sections. 2. Patch and matrix neurons had very similar axonal and dendritic morphology. Both patch and matrix cells extended their dendrites and local axon collaterals almost exclusively in their respective compartments. Patch cells and most matrix cells had local axon collaterals within or near the parent dendritic domain. However there was a class of matrix cells that extended axon collaterals over a much wider portion of the neostriatum but still restricted to the matrix compartment. 3. Input resistance and membrane time constant were estimated from the membrane response to intracellularly applied current pulses. The average values of matrix cells were and 8.41 ms. The values of patch cells were 31.8 M omega and 8.19 ms and were within the range of those of matrix cells. Both types of cells showed the same kinds of membrane nonlinearities when tested with the use of current pulses. Input resistance and time constant were both strongly affected by a fast anomalous rectification and were thus voltage-dependent, decreasing with membrane polarization. Slow ramplike depolarizing responses were observed in response to depolarizing current steps. 4. Repetitive firing was examined with the use of depolarizing current pulses. In both types of spiny cells, trains of action potentials showed little adaptation of spike frequency and linearly increased with current intensities less than 1 nA. The slopes frequency, calculated from the first and second intervals, were 115.0 and 107.2 Hz/nA, respectively, for matrix cells and 86.0 and 82.8 Hz/nA for patch cells. 5. Stimulation of the medial agranular cortex induced EPSPs in some striatal cells in both compartments. EPSP in matrix cells often showed both short-latency and long-latency components, corresponding to two early components of the response observed in vivo. Some matrix cells, and all patch cells, showed only the longer latency EPSP component. The average latency was 6.3 ms in matrix cells and 9.1 ms in patch cells. The relationship between EPSP amplitude and membrane potential was nonlinear, with EPSP amplitude and duration increasing with decreasing membrane polarization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Angina, aortic stenosis and coronary heart disease (1979)

The pre-operative clinical and haemodynamic findings of 139 consecutive patients with aortic stenosis were analysed in an attempt to determine the incidence and influence of coronary heart disease on the mode of presentation of patients with aortic stenosis. The overall incidence of coronary heart disease was 32%. 105 patients (76%) presented with angina and of these, 41 patients (39%) had significant coronary heart disease as compared to 4 (13%) of the remaining 34 patients who did not present with angina. Clinical parameters including age, sex, severity of angina together with the presence of associated symptoms and precipitating factors were unhelpful in distinguishing those patients with coronary heart disease. Evidence of previous transmural myocardial infarction or the presence of ST-T abnormalities in the absence of digitalis and the changes of left ventricular hypertrophy were reliable electrocardiographic signs of coronary heart disease. Although peak systolic aortic valve gradient tended to decrease with increasing severity of coronary heart disease, the severity of aortic stenosis was not a reliable indicator of the presence of coronary disease. Patients with coronary heart disease in the absence of angina all had a combination of moderate aortic stenosis and single vessel disease. It is concluded that coronary heart disease cannot be predicted in patients with angina and, in the absence of angina occurs with an incidence sufficiently high to advocate the use of coronary angiography as part of the investigation of all patients with aortic stenosis being considered for valve replacement.
Ionic Liquids in Green Carbonate Synthesis (2011)

Ionic liquids (ILs), made of relatively large organic cations and inorganic anions, could contribute as solvents and catalysts to green organic synthetic reactions [1-5]. The reaction systems using no organic solvents, dense phase carbon dioxide (supercritical and carbon dioxide-dissolved expanded liquid phases), and/or water are obviously advantageous from environmental viewpoints [1]. ILs would be one of attractive components for environmentfriendly reaction and separation processes because of their physicochemical properties. But we should also note the possibility of negative effects caused by their toxicity on environment and products when we use ILs for practical applications. There are a number of ILs using different cations and anions, and a few typical examples are shown in Fig. 1. It is evidenced that ILs act as good catalysts for several organic synthetic reactions, as noted in recent review articles [1–5], including Friedel-Crafts reactions, Diels-Alder reactions, hydrogenation, polymerization, and other reactions. Haumann and Riisager discuss various aspects (structure of substrates, type of ILs, form of ILs catalysts) in hydroformylation reactions using ILs [4]. Recently Baiker et al. have published a review on multiphase catalytic systems including ILs and carbon dioxide [5]. They point out the significance of the combination of ILs and carbon dioxide for chemical and separation processes. This review deals with physicochemical features of those multiphase reaction systems and catalytic reactions therein including those using carbon dioxide as a reactant. After considering those previous reviews and other chapters of this book, we will concentrate our attention on the application of ILs to the synthesis of carbonate and related compounds using carbon dioxide. Those compounds are of practical importance as solvents, reagents, fuel additives, and intermediates in the production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals [6,7]. The authors previously reviewed the potential application of ILs for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide [8]. The present chapter will deal with the synthesis of cyclic carbonates, dialkyl carbonates, other related compounds, and polycarbonates using ILs as solvents and catalysts.
Binding of HTLV-III/LAV to T4 + T Cells by a Complex of the 110K Viral Protein and the T4 Molecule (1986)

Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) or lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) is tropic for human T cells with the helper-inducer phenotype, as defined by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies specific for the T4 molecule. Treatment of T4+ T cells with monoclonal antibodies to T4 antigen blocks HTLV-III/LAV binding, syncytia formation, and infectivity. Thus, it has been inferred that the T4 molecule itself is a virus receptor. In the present studies, the surfaces of T4+ T cells were labeled radioactively, and then the cells were exposed to virus. After the cells were lysed, HTLV-III/LAV antibodies were found to precipitate a surface protein with a molecular weight of 58,000 (58K). By blocking and absorption experiments, this 58K protein was identified as the T4 molecule. No cell-surface structures other than the T4 molecule were involved in the antibody-antigen complex formation. Two monoclonal antibodies, each reactive with a separate epitope of the T4 molecule, were tested for their binding capacities in the presence of HTLV-III/LAV. When HTLV-III/LAV was bound to T4+ T cells, the virus blocked the binding of one of the monoclonal antibodies, T4A (OKT4A), but not of the other, T4 (OKT4). When HTLV-III/LAV was internally radiolabeled and bound to T4+ T cells which were then lysed, a viral glycoprotein of 110K (gp110) coprecipitated with the T4 molecule. The binding of gp110 to the T4 molecule may thus be a major factor in HTLV-III/LAV tropism and may prove useful in developing therapeutic or preventive measures for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
TNF and TNF-receptors: From mediators of cell death and inflammation to therapeutic giants – past, present and future (2014)

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), initially known for its tumor cytotoxicity, is a potent mediator of inflammation, as well as many normal physiological functions in homeostasis and health, and anti-microbial immunity. It also appears to have a central role in neurobiology, although this area of TNF biology is only recently emerging. Here, we review the basic biology of TNF and its normal effector functions, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of therapeutic neutralization of TNF - now a commonplace practice in the treatment of a wide range of human inflammatory diseases. With over ten years of experience, and an emerging range of anti-TNF biologics now available, we also review their modes of action, which appear to be far more complex than had originally been anticipated. Finally, we highlight the current challenges for therapeutic intervention of TNF: (i) to discover and produce orally delivered small molecule TNF-inhibitors, (ii) to specifically target selected TNF producing cells or individual (diseased) tissue targets, and (iii) to pre-identify anti-TNF treatment responders. Although the future looks bright, the therapeutic modulation of TNF now moves into the era of personalized medicine with society's challenging expectations of durable treatment success and of achieving long-term disease remission.
MULTILATERAL WELL ENHANCES GAS STORAGE DELIVERABILITY (1995)

A horizontal well with several lateral fingers extending from the main bore improved the cycling capacity of a gas storage reservoir.