gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STT-MRAM-Based PUF Architecture Exploiting Magnetic Tunnel Junction Fabrication-Induced Variability (2016)

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are emerging cryptographic primitives used to implement low-cost device authentication and secure secret key generation. Weak PUF s (i.e., devices able to generate a single signature or to deal with a limited number of challenges) are widely discussed in literature. One of the most investigated solutions today is based on SRAMs. However, the rapid development of low-power, high-density, high-performance SoCs has pushed the embedded memories to their limits and opened the field to the development of emerging memory technologies. The Spin-Transfer-Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM) has emerged as a promising choice for embedded memories due to its reduced read/write latency and high CMOS integration capability. In this article, we propose an innovative PUF design based on STT-MRAM memory. We exploit the high variability affecting the electrical resistance of the Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) device in anti-parallel magnetization. We will demonstrate that the proposed solution is robust, unclonable, and unpredictable.
Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Inhibits Interleukin-1β-induced Membrane-associated Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 Expression in Human Synovial Fibroblasts by Interfering with Egr-1 (2004)

Membrane-associated prostaglandin (PG) E(2) synthase-1 (mPGES-1) catalyzes the conversion of PGH(2) to PGE(2), which contributes to many biological processes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and plays an important role in growth, differentiation, and inflammation in different tissues. Here, we examined the effect of PPARgamma ligands on interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced mPGES-1 expression in human synovial fibroblasts. PPARgamma ligands 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14) prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) and the thiazolidinedione troglitazone (TRO), but not PPARalpha ligand Wy14643, dose-dependently suppressed IL-1beta-induced PGE(2) production, as well as mPGES-1 protein and mRNA expression. 15d-PGJ(2) and TRO suppressed IL-1beta-induced activation of the mPGES-1 promoter. Overexpression of wild-type PPARgamma further enhanced, whereas overexpression of a dominant negative PPARgamma alleviated, the suppressive effect of both PPARgamma ligands. Furthermore, pretreatment with an antagonist of PPARgamma, GW9662, relieves the suppressive effect of PPARgamma ligands on mPGES-1 protein expression, suggesting that the inhibition of mPGES-1 expression is mediated by PPARgamma. We demonstrated that PPARgamma ligands suppressed Egr-1-mediated induction of the activities of the mPGES-1 promoter and of a synthetic reporter construct containing three tandem repeats of an Egr-1 binding site. The suppressive effect of PPARgamma ligands was enhanced in the presence of a PPARgamma expression plasmid. Electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays for Egr-1 binding sites in the mPGES-1 promoter showed that both 15d-PGJ(2) and TRO suppressed IL-1beta-induced DNA-binding activity of Egr-1. These data define mPGES-1 and Egr-1 as novel targets of PPARgamma and suggest that inhibition of mPGES-1 gene transcription may be one of the mechanisms by which PPARgamma regulates inflammatory responses.
Protein Inhibitors of Proteinases (1980)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
lnterleukin-1 -6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Release Is Down-Regulated in Whole Blood from Septic Patients (1996)

Proinflammatory cytokines are important mediators during endotoxemia. In experimental models, injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates macrophages leading to excessive secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6; infusion of high doses of these mediators results in organ failure and death. Natural infection may be different, because it persists over days or even weeks, with repeated endotoxin challenge to macrophages. Little is known about the capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to release proinflammatory cytokines under these conditions. Therefore, as an ex vivo model of sepsis, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines after stimulation of whole blood with LPS was studied. A high LPS dose (1 μg/ml) maximally increased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in controls, but a marked depression was observed in septic patients (p < 0.01; 15 patients with severe sepsis versus 20 control patients without infection). This reduction persisted for up to 10 days after diagnosis of sepsis. The release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was markedly decreased in the septic group even when a lower and physiologically more relevant LPS concentration (1 ng/ml) was used. IL-1β mRNA was similar to controls, but a down-regulation was observed in TNF-α and IL-6 transcript levels in PBMCs from the blood of septic patients. This was at least in part due to a marked reduction in TNF and IL-6 mRNA half-life. These results indicate that different mechanisms down-regulate proinflammatory cytokine release in the whole blood of septic patients. Although excessive secretion is known to be deleterious, low concentrations of these cytokines are involved in regulating essential cellular and humoral immune functions. Thus, the reduced capacity to express and release adequate amounts of proinflammatory cytokines after exposure to endotoxin, as observed in whole-blood PBMCs from septic patients, may contribute to the development of immunodeficiency.
Suppression of dark current in GeO_x-passivated germanium metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector by plasma post-oxidation (2015)

We propose GeOx passivation by plasma post-oxidation for dark-current suppression in a germanium (Ge) photodetector (PD). A GeOx/Ge interface exhibits a significantly lower interface trap density than SiO2/Ge and Al2O3/Ge interfaces. GeOx passivation on a Ni/Ge Schottky diode decreases the dark current under -1 V bias by more than one order of magnitude compared with Al2O3 passivation, which is attributed to the reduction in the surface leakage current. We also evaluated the Ge surface potential to study its effect on the surface leakage current. It was found that the surface leakage is suppressed when the accumulation condition of the Ge surface is enhanced as a result of fixed charges in the passivation layer. Thus, we have revealed the importance of a low interface trap density at the Ge surface and a suitable number of fixed charges in the passivation layer for achieving a low dark current in Ge metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) PDs. Finally, we have examined the effect of GeOx passivation on a normal-incidence Ge MSM PD. We observed a significant decrease in the dark current in the GeOx-passivated samples, and a dark current of 97 nA under -1 V bias was achieved under the optimal GeOx passivation conditions.
Differences in Tumor Regulatory T-Cell Localization and Activation Status Impact Patient Outcome (2009)

The presence of regulatory T cells (Treg) has been described in a large panel of solid tumors. However, their impact on tumor progression differs according to the tumor type analyzed. We recently obtained evidence in breast carcinoma that Treg localized within lymphoid aggregates, but not in the tumor bed, have a negative impact on patients' survival. Moreover, we showed selective Treg recruitment through CCR4/CCL22 in the lymphoid aggregates upon contact with dendritic cells (DC), where they became strongly and selectively activated (ICOS(high)) and block conventional T-cell response. Here, we discuss the meaning and potential implication of these novel findings.
Copper stabilization of YBCO coated conductor for quench protection (2003)

The required amount of copper stabilizer to protect a YBCO conductor coil from damage caused by a hot spot due to a quench is studied in this paper. YBCO coated conductors which are made by deposition of thin YBCO film on high resistance metal substrates are highly resistive when they are quenched. Therefore, stabilization and quench protection are more important for YBCO conductors than Bi/Ag sheathed tapes which have low resistance silver matrix. In the work we numerically calculated maximum temperature rise of a YBCO conductor quenched by a local disturbance during the sequence of quench detection and energy dump. In the analysis, necessary amount of copper to keep the maximum temperature of the conductor below a threshold value is calculated for cases of conduction cooled coils of dry windings. Based on the analysis, optimum conductor design is discussed to protect the coil from a quench reliably.
A powerful new technique for isolating genes encoding cell surface antigens using retroviral expression cloning (1996)

cDNA expression cloning using retroviral vectors provides a means of stably introducing genes into target cells at efficiencies that surpass those achieved by transfection. Furthermore, retroviral vectors allow for the introduction and expression of complex cDNA libraries in a wide range of cell types, including cells of hemopoietic origin. Here we report a novel method for rapidly isolating genes encoding cell surface molecules (CSM) from a human bone marrow stromal cell cDNA library constructed in the retroviral vector, pRUFneo. With a newly described, highly efficient selection strategy using mAb and Ab-coated magnetic beads, we have successfully isolated six cDNA encoding previously defined CSM, including beta 1 integrin and endoglin. Moreover, we have used this approach to define the gene and hence the CSM identified by three previously unclustered mAb. These results confirm previous studies demonstrating the general utility of retroviral cDNA libraries and further extend their use to the expression cloning of cDNA encoding CSM.
Cerebrospinal fluid soluble L-selectin (sCD62L) in meningoencephalitis. (1996)

The leucocyte adhesion molecule L-selectin (CD62L) is rapidly cleaved off proteolytically after cell activation, generating soluble L-selectin (sCD62L) molecules. sCD62L concentrations were determined in 185 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from children aged 1 month to 17 years. In 36 CSF samples of children with meningoencephalitis, sCD62L was significantly higher (median 209 fmol/ml) than in samples of children with other febrile diseases (n = 67, median 50 fmol/ml) or non-febrile disorders (n = 82, median 44 fmol/ml). There was a positive correlation between CSF protein and CSF sCD62L (rS = 0.68), suggesting that a disturbed blood-brain barrier contributes to raised sCD62L concentrations in the CSF. However, the CSF sCD62L/protein ratio of children with meningoencephalitis was significantly higher than in children with other febrile diseases or non-febrile disorders, indicating that sCD62L concentrations in children with meningoencephalitis were higher than expected from plasma leakage alone. It is concluded that both an impaired blood-brain barrier and the generation of sCD62L by infiltrating leucocytes contribute to raised CSF sCD62L concentrations in children with meningoencephalitis.
Matrix effects on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of dendrimers with a pyridine-based skeleton (1998)

Dendritic polypyridines were analysed by laser desorption (LD) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. For all the compounds examined, readily detectable cationized molecular species have been obtained under LD conditions, while for MALDI a strong matrix effect has been found, leading to fragments related to the original skeleton. To investigate this aspect, three differently branched dendrimers were analysed using three different matrices at different matrix/sample molar ratios. The fragmentation yield was found to be strongly dependent on the matrix used, on the matrix/sample molar ratios and on the molecular structure of the dendrimer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Helical polymer brushes with a preferred-handed helix-sense triggered by a terminal optically active group in the pendant (2012)

Helical polymer brushes with a preferred-handed helix-sense composed of a poly(phenylacetylene) backbone and poly(phenyl isocyanate) pendants are synthesized. The helix-sense of the backbone is effectively controlled by the helical chirality of the pendants, which is triggered by an optically active group introduced at the pendant terminal.
Efficiency of antigen presentation after antigen targeting to surface IgD, IgM, MHC, Fc gamma RII, and B220 molecules on murine splenic B cells. (1989)

Bispecific heteroconjugate antibodies can bind soluble protein Ag to APC and thereby enhance Ag presentation. We used such antibodies to bind hen egg lysozyme (HEL) to various structures on the surface of normal splenic B cells to determine which structures would provide the best targets for enhanced presentation. We found that HEL was presented efficiently to hybridoma T cells if bound to sIgD, sIgM, or class I or II MHC molecules, but not at all if bound to Fc gamma RII, or B220 molecules on B cells. The efficiency of presentation of HEL was measured as a function of the amount of 125I-HEL bound per cell. HEL was presented with 5 to 10 times greater efficiency when bound to sIg, than when bound to MHC molecules. When compared on the basis of the amount of HEL bound, sIgD and sIgM functioned equally as target structures, as did class I and class II MHC molecules. Large amounts of HEL bound to B220, but no presentation resulted, indicating that focusing HEL to the APC surface was not sufficient for presentation to occur. HEL was internalized rapidly and in large amounts when bound to sIgD or sIgM, but slowly and in small amounts, when bound to class I or class II MHC molecules. Thus, a rapid rate of internalization may in part explain the high efficiency of Ag presentation after binding to sIg. However, the small amount of HEL internalized via MHC molecules was utilized efficiently for presentation. These results indicate that sIgM and sIgD serve equally on normal B cells to focus and internalize Ag and enhance Ag presentation, but that class I or class II MHC molecules can also be used to internalize Ag and enhance Ag presentation, perhaps by a separate intracellular processing pathway.
Simultaneous food localization and recognition (2016)

The development of automatic nutrition diaries, which would allow to keep track objectively of everything we eat, could enable a whole new world of possibilities for people concerned about their nutrition patterns. With this purpose, in this paper we propose the first method for simultaneous food localization and recognition. Our method is based on two main steps, which consist in, first, produce a food activation map on the input image (i.e. heat map of probabilities) for generating bounding boxes proposals and, second, recognize each of the food types or food-related objects present in each bounding box. We demonstrate that our proposal, compared to the most similar problem nowadays - object localization, is able to obtain high precision and reasonable recall levels with only a few bounding boxes. Furthermore, we show that it is applicable to both conventional and egocentric images.
CRISPR/Cas9-based generation of knockdown mice by intronic insertion of artificial microRNA using longer single-stranded DNA (2015)

Abstract Knockdown mouse models, where gene dosages can be modulated, provide valuable insights into gene function. Typically, such models are generated by embryonic stem (ES) cell-based targeted insertion, or pronuclear injection, of the knockdown expression cassette. However, these methods are associated with laborious and time-consuming steps, such as the generation of large constructs with elements needed for expression of a functional RNAi-cassette, ES-cell handling, or screening for mice with the desired knockdown effect. Here, we demonstrate that reliable knockdown models can be generated by targeted insertion of artificial microRNA (amiRNA) sequences into a specific locus in the genome [such as intronic regions of endogenous eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 ( eEF-2 ) gene] using the C lustered R egularly I nterspaced S hort P alindromic R epeats/ C rispr as sociated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. We used in vitro synthesized single-stranded DNAs (about 0.5-kb long) that code for amiRNA sequences as repair templates in CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. Using this approach we demonstrate that amiRNA cassettes against exogenous (eGFP) or endogenous [ orthodenticle homeobox 2 ( Otx2 )] genes can be efficiently targeted to a predetermined locus in the genome and result in knockdown of gene expression. We also provide a strategy to establish conditional knockdown models with this method.
Differential expression of human interferon genes (1984)

We developed a method for quantitating closely related mRNAs by S1 mapping and used it to determine the levels of mRNAs for IFN-beta, IFN-gamma and various alpha IFNs (IFN-alpha 1, -alpha 2, -alpha 4, -alpha 5, -alpha 6, -alpha 7, -alpha 8 and -alpha 14) in human peripheral blood leukocytes, lymphoblastoid (Namalwa), HeLa and human fibroblastic cells, induced in different fashions. The ratio of alpha to beta IFN transcripts varied greatly, depending on the cell type. The levels of the individual IFN-alpha RNAs were very different: IFN-alpha 1, -alpha 2 and -alpha 4 RNAs constituted the major fraction of the IFN-alpha transcripts measured. Moreover, there was a striking difference in the proportion of individual IFN-alpha mRNA species in different cell types. Use of different induction protocols did not significantly affect the proportion of IFN mRNAs. IFN production was not proportional to mRNA level in all cases, as lymphoblastoid cells induced by incubation at high density and virus-induced HeLa cells contained high levels of IFN-beta but produced little antiviral activity.
A neural-based crowd estimation by hybrid global learning algorithm (1999)

A neural-based crowd estimation system for surveillance in complex scenes at underground station platform is presented. Estimation is carried out by extracting a set of significant features from sequences of images. Those feature indexes are modeled by a neural network to estimate the crowd density. The learning phase is based on our proposed hybrid of the least-squares and global search algorithms which are capable of providing the global search characteristic and fast convergence speed. Promising experimental results are obtained in terms of accuracy and real-time response capability to alert operators automatically.
Electronic structure of trypsin inhibitor from squash seeds in aqueous solution (2000)

The electronic structure of the trypsin inhibitor from seeds of the squash Cucurbita maxima (CMTI-I) in aqueous solution is obtained by ab initio, all-electron, full-potential calculations using the self-consistent cluster-embedding (SCCE) method. The reactive site of the inhibitor is explained theoretically, which is in agreement with the experimental results. It is shown that the coordinates of oxygen atoms in the inhibitor, determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and combination of distance geometry and dynamical simulated annealing, are systematically less accurate than that of other kinds of heavy atoms.
Convergence of Artificial Protein Polymers and Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (2018)

A flurry of research in recent years has revealed the molecular origins of many membraneless organelles to be the liquid phase separation of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Consequently, protein disorder has emerged as an important driver of intracellular compartmentalization by providing specialized microenvironments chemically distinct from the surrounding medium. Though the importance of protein disorder and its relationship to intracellular phase behavior are clear, a detailed understanding of how such phase behavior can be predicted and controlled remains elusive. While research in IDPs has largely focused on the implications of structural disorder on cellular function and disease, another field, that of artificial protein polymers, has focused on the de novo design of protein polymers with controllable material properties. A subset of these polymers, specifically those derived from structural proteins such as elastin and resilin, are also disordered sequences that undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. This phase separation has been used in a variety of biomedical applications, and researchers studying these polymers have developed methods to precisely characterize and tune their phase behavior. Despite their disparate origins, both fields are complementary as they study the phase behavior of intrinsically disordered polypeptides. This Perspective hopes to stimulate collaborative efforts by highlighting the similarities between these two fields and by providing examples of how such collaboration could be mutually beneficial.
Controlled reproduction in pigs (1997)

Introduction to controlled reproduction of pigs the sow's oestrous cycle and associated events the artificial control of oestrous and ovulation in pigs pregnancy testing in pigs control of farrowing more frequent farrowing in pigs increasing litter size in pigs embryo transfer and in vitro fertilization in pigs breeding pigs at younger ages.
Effect of Oral Multiple-Dose Administration of Anti-inflammatory Flurbiprofen Chimera Drug on Gastric Lesion, Other Toxicities and Disposition Kinetics. (1995)

Flurbiprofen (FP) was esterified with a histamine H2-antagonist, PPA (N-[3-(3-(1-piperidinylmethyl)phenoxy)-propyl]-2-(2- hydroxyethylthio)acetamide), to yield a chimera drug, FP-PPA, and its protective effect toward gastric lesions, other toxicities and the disposition kinetics were investigated, as compared to those of FP, in multiple oral administration to rats for 2 weeks. FP-PPA scarcely formed any disorder of the gastric mucosa following multiple oral administration. The body weight changes and hematological and serum biochemical parameters were found to be similar to those in the control group. Some drug metabolizing enzyme activities tested were the same as those of the control group. Further, the pharmacokinetic parameters were found to be the same after both single and multiple oral administration. On the other hand, in the FP treated group, the inhibition of body weight increase and changes in serum biochemical and hematological parameters were observed due to malabsorption. The absorption rate constant was increased significantly after multiple administration as compared to that of single administration. It is suggested that these changes in the absorption process of FP are due to variations in gastrointestinal permeability derived from gastrointestinal damage. The results obtained here indicate clearly that the chimera drug FP-PPA scarcely forms any disorder of the gastric mucosa, even after multiple oral administration, and is thus a potential candidate for oral use.
Reprocessing and recycling of thermosetting polymers based on bond exchange reactions (2014)

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrated the reprocessing, recycling and repairing abilities of pulverized thermoset polymer with exchangeable bonds.