gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary structure of the mannose receptor contains multiple motifs resembling carbohydrate-recognition domains. (1990)

Macrophages express a cell surface receptor which mediates phagocytosis and pinocytosis of particles and solutes containing mannose (fucose and N-acetylglucosamine are also ligands for the receptor). An apparently identical protein has been isolated from human placenta. Proteolytic fragments of the placental receptor were sequenced so that oligonucleotide probes complementary to the receptor cDNA could be generated. These probes were used to isolate cDNA clones covering the entire coding portion of the mRNA for the receptor. Confirmation that these clones encode the mannose receptor was obtained by expression in rat fibroblasts. The expressed protein mediates uptake and degradation of mannose-conjugated serum albumin. The deduced amino acid sequence of the receptor reveals that it is most likely to be a type I transmembrane protein (COOH terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane) since the mature polypeptide is preceded by a signal sequence and a hydrophobic stop transfer sequence is located 45 amino acids from the COOH terminus. The extracellular portion of the receptor polypeptide consists of three types of domains. The first 139 amino acids constitute a cysteine-rich segment which does not resemble other known sequences. There follows a domain which closely resembles fibronectin type II repeats. The remainder of the extracellular portion of the receptor is composed of eight segments homologous with the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains of the asialoglycoprotein receptor, mannose binding proteins, and other Ca2(+)-dependent animal lectins. This structure suggests that the receptor may contain multiple ligand-binding domains thus accounting for its tight binding to highly multivalent ligands.
MMX Multi Matrix System® mesalazine for the induction of remission in patients with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis: a combined analysis of two randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials (2007)

MMX mesalazine [LIALDA (US), MEZAVANT XL (UK and Ireland) MEZAVANT (elsewhere)] utilizes MMX Multi Matrix System (MMX) technology which delivers mesalazine throughout the colon. Two phase III studies have already evaluated MMX mesalazine in patients with active, mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. Aim To provide more precise estimates of the efficacy of MMX mesalazine over placebo by combining the patient populations from the two phase III studies. Methods Combined data from two 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were analyzed. Patients randomized to MMX mesalazine 2.4 g/day (once daily or 1.2 g twice daily), 4.8 g/day (once daily) or placebo were reviewed. The primary end point was clinical and endoscopic remission (modified Ulcerative Colitis-Disease Activity Index of </=1 calculated as: rectal bleeding and stool frequency scores of 0, a combined Physician's Global Assessment and sigmoidoscopy score of </=1, no mucosal friability and a >/=1-point reduction in sigmoidoscopy score from week 0). Results Data from 517 patients were analysed. 8-week remission rates were 37.2% and 35.1% in the MMX mesalazine 2.4 g/day and 4.8 g/day groups, vs. 17.5% on placebo (P < 0.001, both comparisons). 8-week complete mucosal healing rates were 32% in both MMX mesalazine groups compared with 16% on placebo. Adverse event frequency was similar in all groups. Conclusion MMX mesalazine is effective and generally well tolerated for inducing clinical and endoscopic remission of active, mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis.
IGFBP-3 mediates p53-induced apoptosis during serum starvation (2002)

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3, a p53-response gene, can induce apoptosis in an IGF-independent manner. Here we demonstrate that IGFBP-3 mediates p53-induced apoptosis during serum starvation using two foil neoplastic cell models: one which introduces p53 activity and one which eliminates it. We created a doxycycline-inducible p53 model from the p53-negative PC-3 prostate cancer cell line. Doxycycline treatment increased both p53 and IGFBP-3 levels. It also augmented apoptosis, but not during insulin-like growth factor-I co-treatment. In a second model, lung carcinoma H460 cells expressing fully functional p53 were stably transfected with E6, which targets p53 for degradation. H460-E6 cells contained less p53 and IGFBP-3 than control neo-transfected cells, and proteasome blockade restored both. In serum deprivation, H460-E6 cells had enhanced growth and less apoptosis than did H460-neo cells. Reductions in H460-neo apoptosis, comparable in magnitude to H460-E6, were achieved by adding anti-IGFBP-3-antibody or IGFBP-3 antisense oligomers, but not non-specific immunoglobulin or IGFBP-3 sense oligomers. In summary, turning p53 <on> in two foil neoplastic cell models induced IGFBP-3 expression and increased apoptosis during serum starvation, an effect inhibited by insulin-like growth factor-I treatment and specific IGFBP-3 blockade. This is the first demonstration of inhibition of p53 action by antagonizing IGFBP-3.
Human Homologues of LAG1 Reconstitute Acyl-CoA-dependent Ceramide Synthesis in Yeast (2003)

Lag1p and Lac1p are two highly homologous membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum. lag1delta lac1delta double mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae lack an acyl-CoA-dependent ceramide synthase and are either very sick or nonviable, depending on the genetic background. LAG1 and LAC1 are members of a large eukaryotic gene family that shares the Lag1 motif, and some members of this family additionally contain a DNA-binding HOX homeodomain. Here we show that several human LAG1 homologues can rescue the viability of lag1delta lac1delta yeast cells and restore acyl-CoA-dependent ceramide and sphingolipid biosynthesis. When tested in a microsomal assay, Lac1p and Lag1p had a strong preference for C26:0-CoA over C24:0-CoA, C20-CoA, and C16-CoA, whereas some human homologues preferred C24:0-CoA and CoA derivatives with shorter fatty acids. This suggests that LAG1 proteins are related to substrate recognition and to the catalytic activity of ceramide synthase enzymes. CLN8, another human LAG1 homologue implicated in ceroid lipofuscinosis, could not restore viability to lag1delta lac1delta yeast mutants.
A neuroprotective role for the DNA damage checkpoint in tauopathy (2011)

ATM and p53, effectors of the DNA damage checkpoint, are generally considered pro-apoptotic in neurons. We show that DNA damage and checkpoint activation occurs in postmitotic neurons in animal models of tauopathy, neurodegenerative disorders that include Alzheimer's disease. Surprisingly, checkpoint attenuation potently increases neurodegeneration through aberrant cell cycle re-entry of postmitotic neurons. These data suggest an unexpected neuroprotective role for the DNA damage checkpoint in tauopathies.
Integrating a digital camera in the home environment: architecture and prototype (2002)

Digital photography is gaining parts of the photography market and is tending to gradually replace all silver-based photography. The combination of digital cameras and computer technologies have allowed the provision of new services, such as the rapid visualisation of snapshots on a computer with the possibility of direct snapshot touch-up or printing. Lately, the appearance of a new type of memory proposes the extension of camera storage capacities to a few thousand photos. In addition, home devices like set-top boxes associated with TVs and mobile devices like mobile phones and PDAs offer various possibilities for connection and can execute dynamically loaded programs. In this paper, we present the new concept of a digital album, which is a photograph album stored in the camera's memory with multi-criteria indexing methods to allow efficient retrieval of snapshots. We also propose a new architecture around the digital camera that permits us to widen the spectrum of services proposed. Finally, this article gives details about our prototype built in our laboratory to validate the architecture and to estimate the code size.
Electrochemically Controlled Formation and Growth of Hydrogen Nanobubbles (2006)

Electrogenerated microscale bubbles that are confined at the electrode surface have already been extensively studied because of their significant influence on electrochemistry. In contrast, as far as we know, whether nanoscale bubbles exist on the electrode surface has not been experimentally confirmed yet. Here, we report the observation of electrochemically controlled formation and growth of hydrogen nanobubbles on bare highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface via in-situ tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM). By using TMAFM imaging, we observed that electrochemically generated hydrogen gas led to the formation of nanobubbles at the HOPG surface. We then employed a combination of techniques, including phase imaging, ex-situ degassing, and tip perturbation, to confirm the gas origin of such observed nanobubbles. We further demonstrated that the formation and growth of nanobubbles could be well controlled by tuning either the applied voltage or the reaction time. Remarkably, we could also monitor the evolution process of nanobubbles, that is, formation, growth, coalescence, as well as the eventual release of merged microbubbles from the HOPG surface.
Achieving Color Match between Scanner, Monitor, and Film: A Color Management Implementation for Feature Animation (1999)

This paper describes the development and implementation of a color management system at Warner Bros. Feature Animation (WBFA). The need for consistent and repeatable color matches between reflective artwork, scanned images viewed on monitor displays, and film print is explored, while presenting the various practices currently in place. The paper illustrates how the color management system was implemented, in accordance with the International Color Consortium's framework, and describes how it was introduced into a production environment. Results from measured data, demonstrating the benefits of the system, are presented.
A Rapid Murine Coma and Behavior Scale for Quantitative Assessment of Murine Cerebral Malaria (2010)

Since the RMCBS enables an operator to rapidly follow the course of disease, label a subject as affected or not, and correlate the level of illness with neuropathologic injury, it can ultimately be used to guide the initiation of treatment after the onset of cerebral disease (thus emulating the situation in the field). The RMCBS is a tool by which an adjuvant therapy can be objectively assessed.
A Stereoselective and Highly Practical Synthesis of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Substrate, 2-S-Arachidonoyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-2-thioglycero-3-O-phosphocholine (1997)

The substrate 1 of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is an ether-type thiophospholipid with arachidonic acid at the C-2 position and is required for the chromogenic assay for reliable and convenient high throughput screening. The original method of synthesis of 1 has significant problems, resulting in extremely low overall yield and purity. We developed a novel and highly practical method of preparing sufficient quantities of pure 1 for assay. Our synthetic sequence is started with commercially available 1,2-O-isopropylidene-sn-grycerol (5) and is based on the following key steps: trityl migration reaction of 10 with boron trifluoride etherate to form 13, phosphocholine-forming reaction of 13 to yield 15, and efficient conversion of 15 into 1 by deprotection of a trityl group and condensation with arachidonic acid. Our method offers a practical means of large-scale production of 1 with excellent high chemical purity, because of the introduction of arachidonic acid at the last step of the synthetic sequence.
Intra mode coding in HEVC standard (2012)

New High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard is designed to provide substantial coding efficiency improvement compared to H.264/AVC. Latest subjective testing shows 50% improvement has been achieved. Many new technologies contribute to the overall improvement. Intra prediction with 35 modes is one of the key improvements. Associated with that, there is a new intra mode coding method to efficiently signal the selected modes. This paper presents this new intra mode coding method that has been adopted by HEVC. In this method, the 35 intra modes are divided into two categories. One category includes 3 most probable modes (MPMs) and another category includes 32 remaining modes. In doing so, shorter codeword is used for coding MPMs and fixed length coding is used to code the remaining modes. Experimental results show the 3MPMs based method improve the coding efficiency compared to the prior art method used in H.264/AVC.
Nanostructure fabrication using block copolymers (2003)

A brief overview is provided of recent developments in the use of block copolymer self-assembly to create morphologies that may be used to template the fabrication of nanostructures in other materials. The patterning of semiconductor surfaces using block copolymer film masks and the production of high-density arrays of magnetic domains are discussed. The use of block copolymer micelles as 'nanoreactors' to prepare metal and semiconductor nanoparticles is considered, and methods to pattern nanoparticles are highlighted. A number of approaches to design nanocapsules are summarized. Finally, applications of bulk nanostructures to make mesoporous materials with controlled pore structures and sizes, or to create photonic crystals, are discussed.
Novel Linac II Electrode Geometry for Creating An Axial Field in a Multipole Ion Guide (2000)

Tandem instruments, such as triple-quadrupole or quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometers, often use collisional damping ion guides for the purpose of cooling and focusing the primary ion beam, or as a collision cell for tandem mass spectrometry experiments. A small axial field to reduce the ion residence time in such devices can give considerable improvements in performance. Reduction of the residence time reduces adduct formation caused by unwanted gas-phase reactions and allows multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and some other types of scan to be carried out more rapidly without the risk of reaction cross-talk. Here we propose a novel electrode arrangement for creation of a suitable axial field in a multipole ion guide without significantly reducing the m/z window. As an example, a second set of four electrodes is added to an existing quadrupole collision cell. The same DC potential is applied to all four extra electrodes, which are shaped in the longitudinal direction to create a suitable axial field inside the device. The potential of these electrodes and the DC bias of the main rods determine the axial field strength. The idea was tested on a modified quadrupole collision cell of a MALDI-QqTOF instrument and experimental results are presented here, as well as a simplified theory of operation.
Beziehungen zwischen Konstitution und α‐Aminosäure‐dehydrogenasewirkung von Isatinen (1960)

Abstract Die Abhängigkeit der Dehydrogenasewirkung substituierter Isatine von polaren und sterischen Effekten, der Existenz von intramolekularen H‐Brückenbindungen sowie dem Einfluß des Lösungsmittels wird untersucht.
Local immunomodulation for cancer therapy: Providing treatment where needed (2013)

In murine models of cancer, we have achieved efficient systemic activation of tumor-specific T cells by the local administration of a CTLA4-blocking antibody at low doses. Using a slow-release formulation, we could drastically lower the serum levels of the antibody, hence decreasing adverse effects and the risk of autoimmune reactions, without losing systemic efficacy.
Bacterial biofilm: a source of contamination in dental air-water syringes. (1991)

This study examined the bacteriology of dental air-water syringes, and found that the water delivered by these syringes can be persistently contaminated with bacteria. Flushing of the water line reduced but did not eliminate this contamination. Even after six minutes' flushing, some water samples still contained more than 10(4) viable bacterial cells per milliliter, although coliform counts were less than two per 100 milliliters as measured by a Most Probable Number assay. Sterilization of the tip or the entire syringe did not eliminate this contamination. Scanning electron microscopy revealed bacterial biofilms on the inner wall of the plastic tubing supplying water to the air-water syringe, but not on the air line or on new, unused tubing. Such biofilms probably can be found in any tubing which supplies water to components of dental units. The inoculum for these biofilms comes from ubiquitous environmental aquatic bacteria, some of which can cause disease in compromised patients. Biofilms can be held in check by regular flushing of the water lines with a biocide, and the authors affirm the use of the ADA guidelines for treatment of contaminated dental-unit water lines to control possible cross-infection.
Watch what I do: programming by demonstration (1993)

Part 1 Systems: Pygmalion tinker a predictive calculator rehearsal world smallStar peridot metamouse TELS eager garnet the Turvy experience chimera the geometer's sketchpad tourmaline a history-based macro by example system mondrian triggers the AIDE project. Part 2 Components: a history of editable graphical histories graphical representation and feedback in a PBD system PBD invocation techniques a system-wide macro facility based on aggregate events making programming accessible to visual problem solvers using voice input to disambiguate intent. Part 3 Perspectives: characterizing PBD systems demonstrational interfaces just-in-time programming.
Serological responses to HPV 16 in cervical dysplasia and neoplasia: Correlation of antibodies to E6 with cervical cancer (1993)

Sera from patients with cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and non-genital cancers, and from healthy individuals, were investigated for antibodies to human papilloma virus (HPV) early proteins E4, E6 and E7 and the major capsid protein LI by Western blot analysis of recombinant HPV proteins. There was a significantly higher prevalence of sera with antibodies to E6 in cervical cancer patients than in healthy individuals or in CIN or non-genital-cancer patients. Antibodies to E7 were detected in 25% of cervical-cancer patients, which is significantly higher than in HPV-associated cervical lesions or in control populations, but not significantly different from the incidence in patients with non-genital cancers. Antibodies to LI were found more frequently in CIN, while antibodies to E4 had a similar prevalence in cervical-cancer, cervical-dysplasia and non-genital-cancer groups, with 24% in the controls. The inability to detect antibodies to E6 and E7 in the majority of cervical-cancer patients limits the application of this methodology to the monitoring of HPV infection and the development of cervical cancer. However, the latter approach may be useful in combination with other assay systems which allow detection of different, including conformational, epitopes of HPV E6 and/or E7 recombinant proteins.
Expression of transforming growth factor β isoforms and their roles in tendon healing (2008)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) plays active roles in tendon healing. However, the differential effects of TGF-beta isoforms on tendon healing have not been investigated. In cultured tendon fibroblasts, we tested the effects of TGF-beta1, beta2, and beta3 on the mRNA levels of COL1A1 and COL3A1 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also investigated the expression of TGF-beta isoforms, TGF-beta receptors, procollagen Type I and Type III in a rat model of tendon healing. We found that TGF-beta3 exhibited the highest potency in stimulating COL1A1 and COL3A1. TGF-beta1 exerted antagonistic effects to TGF-beta2 and beta3. All TGF-beta isoforms and procollagen Type I were confined to the edges of the healing tendon at day 28 postinjury. Our results indicated that interaction of TGF-beta isoforms exist in the regulation of collagen synthesis in tendon fibroblasts. Their effects may be further complicated by uneven spatial distribution of TGF-beta and TGF-beta receptors in healing tendons.
Mortality analysis of COVID-19 infection in chronic kidney disease, haemodialysis and renal transplant patients compared with patients without kidney disease: a nationwide analysis from Turkey (2020)

Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with CKDs, including Stages 3-5 CKD, HD and RT, have significantly higher mortality than patients without kidney disease. Stages 3-5 CKD patients have an in-hospital mortality rate as much as HD patients, which may be in part because of similar age and comorbidity burden. We were unable to assess if RT patients were or were not at increased risk for in-hospital mortality because of the relatively small sample size of the RT patients in this study.
Enhanced: The Need for a Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise (2003)

A new collaborative model of research is needed to increase resources, to prioritize the R (ii) to increase the pace, reduce the overlap, and more systematically explore the elements of and delivery systems for vaccines; (iii) to use common standards for the prompt comparative testing of vaccine candidates; (iv) to expand resources for manufacturing vaccine candidates to speed their use in human trials; and (v) to increase the capacity for international clinical trials and to focus this effort toward quickly measuring the effectiveness of vaccine protection as prototype vaccine candidates are identified.
Clinical Trial Results of Peginterferons in Combination with Ribavirin (2003)

Of the large number of patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), only about one third have progressive liver disease, and will eventually develop cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. These are the patients for whom effective antiviral treatment is most needed. Therapy is currently recommended for patients with chronic hepatitis C who have abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, detectable hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV RNA) in the blood, and significant necroinflammatory changes and/or fibrosis on liver biopsy. The current gold standard in terms of treatment efficacy is the combination of peginterferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin. The overall sustained virological response rate (SVR) with these regimens is 54 to 61% following 48 weeks of therapy. Patients with genotype 1 infection have a 42 to 51% likelihood of response to 48 weeks of therapy. Those with genotypes 2 or 3 infection will respond to 24 weeks of therapy in 78 to 82% of cases. These SVR rates are 5 to 10 percentage points higher in all patient groups than in those obtained with standard doses of interferon (IFN) and ribavirin. Retreatment of nonresponders to standard IFN monotherapy using PEG-IFN and ribavirin has achieved SVR rates of 34 to 40%. Retreatment of patients who relapsed after IFN monotherapy has resulted in an SVR rate of about 60%. A SVR after retreatment of relapsers and nonresponders with PEG-IFN and ribavirin is more likely in patients previously treated with IFN monotherapy, those with HCV genotypes 2 or 3, patients with low viral load (<2 million copies/mL), and individuals who had a significant decrease in HCV RNA levels during the initial treatment. The potential benefits of long-term anti-HCV suppressive therapy in nonresponders are currently under investigation.