gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of long-acting selective alpha-1 blockers in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. (1990)

Alpha blockers are effective for the treatment of symptomatic BPH, although the long-term response to and compliance with alpha blockers remain critical issues. The ultimate role of alpha blockade for the management of symptomatic BPH is undefined pending their resolution. The effectiveness of nonselective alpha blockers such as phenoxybenzamine is counterbalanced by the incidence and severity of adverse reactions. Selective alpha blockers such as prazosin and terazosin are far better tolerated while providing similar degrees of subjective and objective relief of bladder outlet obstruction. The preliminary experience with alpha blockers demonstrates statistically and clinically significant improvements in the symptoms of prostatism and urinary flow rates, and the majority of patients receiving alpha blockers have been extremely satisfied. The data on alpha blockers are preliminary, and therefore the role of these drugs at present must be decided upon by the individual urologist. There is sufficient evidence to justify the use of alpha blockers for men with moderate symptoms of prostatism, yet urologists may validly interpret the clinical experience with alpha blockers as preliminary. Nevertheless, urologists should at least present this option to patients before performing a prostatectomy. The patients selected for alpha blockade must be advised that the drugs alleviate the symptoms of prostatism rather than permanently reversing the pathophysiology of BPH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Experimental Study on Pervious Concrete (2025)

Due to its excellent air and water permeability, pervious concrete has become an environmental friendly material in paving application, providing its benefits in reducing the runoff water, enhancing pavement skid resistance by rapid drainage of water, and reducing pavement noise. However, its high porosity and low strength limit its popularity. Based on the concept of pervious concrete, a mix design approach especially for pervious concrete was proposed and an experimental study was undertaken to produce high performance pervious concrete by using gap-graded coarse aggregates and adjusting cement content. The results indicated that pervious concrete with compressive strength up to 33.5 MPa and permeability coefficient of 6 ml/min can be obtained by using this mix design approach. The results also showed that for pervious concrete made with gap-graded aggregates, the strength increases, and the permeability coefficient decreases with the decrease of the aggregate size. There is an optimum content of cement used to coat the coarse aggregates, enhancing the cement-aggregate interface bonding and overall performance of pervious concrete.
Modeling late-life adaptation in affective well-being under a severe chronic health condition: The case of age-related macular degeneration. (2006)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was used as a case model to longitudinally study adaptation in affective well-being under a prevalent chronic health condition. Measures of positive and negative affect, obtained at 5 subsequent measurement occasions with 3-month intervals in between, were analyzed in 90 older adults diagnosed with AMD. The authors proposed a pattern of adaptation that shows initial decline in affective well-being after disease outbreak, followed by a turnaround into a restorative phase of increase, implying nonlinear intraindividual trajectories, with changes substantially related to disease duration. Analysis was conducted by means of a nonlinear mixed models approach. Results confirmed the hypothesized adaptation pattern for positive affect but not for negative affect, which was found more stable across measurement occasions.
Efficacy and safety of oral ketamine for the relief of intractable chronic pain: A retrospective 5‐year study of 51 patients (2014)

Pain was reduced or abolished in two-thirds of patients under ketamine therapy; ketamine was effective for patients taking opioids and resulted in few adverse effects.
Development of a Sexual Function Questionnaire for Clinical Trials of Female Sexual Dysfunction (2002)

The SFQ produced seven domains of female sexual function with excellent internal consistency, moderate to good reliability, excellent discriminant validity, and sensitivity. The results suggest that the SFQ may be a valuable new tool for evaluating and diagnosing subsets of FSD and, ultimately, for evaluating treatments of these disorders.
Ketoconazole for Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2000)

In these patients with ALI or ARDS, ketoconazole was safe and bioavailable but did not reduce mortality or duration of mechanical ventilation or improve lung function. These data do not support the use of ketoconazole for the early treatment of ALI or ARDS.
A fast hybrid MoM/FEM technique for microstripline vertical couplers with multiple identical cavities (2004)

In this paper, the hybrid MoM/FEM method is successfully applied to a microstripline-fed slot-coupled cavity. The computed results are in good agreement with measurements. A novel technique to solve the MoM matrices of multiple identical cavities from the result of a single cavity is successfully demonstrated.
Solventogenic enzymes ofClostridium acetobutylicum: catalytic properties, genetic organization, and transcriptional regulation (1995)

The enzymes acetoacetate decarboxylase and coenzyme A transferase catalyse acetone production from acetoacetyl-CoA in Clostridium acetobutylicum. The adc gene encoding the former enzyme is organized in a monocistronic operon, while the ctf genes form a common transcription unit with the gene (adhE) encoding a probable polyfunctional aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase. This genetic arrangement could reflect physiological requirements at the onset of solventogenesis. In addition to AdhE, two butanol dehydrogenase isozymes and a thiolase are involved in butanol synthesis. RNA analyses showed a sequential order of induction for the different butanol dehydrogenase genes, indicating an in vivo function of BdhI in low level butanol formation. The physiological roles of AdhE and BdhII most likely involve high level butanol formation, with AdhE being responsible for the onset of solventogenesis and BdhII ensuring continued butanol production. Addition of methyl viologen results in artificially induced butanol synthesis which seems to be mediated by a still unknown set of enzymes. Although the signal that triggers the shift to solventogenesis has not yet been elucidated, recent investigations suggest a possible function of DNA supercoiling as a transcriptional sensor of the respective environmental stimuli.
Silicon nitride windows for electron microscopy of whole cells (2011)

Silicon microchips with thin, electron transparent silicon nitride windows provide a sample support that accommodates both light-, and electron microscopy of whole eukaryotic cells in vacuum or liquid, with minimum sample preparation steps. The windows are robust enough that cellular samples can be cultured directly onto them, with no addition of a supporting film, and there is no need to embed or section the sample, as is typically required in electron microscopy. By combining two microchips, a microfluidic chamber can be constructed for the imaging of samples in liquid in the electron microscope. We provide microchip design specifications, a fabrication outline, instructions on how to prepare the microchips for biological samples, and examples of images obtained using different light and electron microscopy modalities. The use of these microchips is particularly advantageous for correlative light and electron microscopy.
Current state of herbicides in herbicide‐resistant crops (2014)

Current herbicide and herbicide trait practices are changing in response to the rapid spread of glyphosate-resistant weeds. Growers urgently needed glyphosate when glyphosate-resistant crops became available because weeds were becoming widely resistant to most commonly used selective herbicides, making weed management too complex and time consuming for large farm operations. Glyphosate made weed management easy and efficient by controlling all emerged weeds at a wide range of application timings. However, the intensive use of glyphosate over wide areas and concomitant decline in the use of other herbicides led eventually to the widespread evolution of weeds resistant to glyphosate. Today, weeds that are resistant to glyphosate and other herbicide types are threatening current crop production practices. Unfortunately, all commercial herbicide modes of action are over 20 years old and have resistant weed problems. The severity of the problem has prompted the renewal of efforts to discover new weed management technologies. One technology will be a new generation of crops with resistance to glyphosate, glufosinate and other existing herbicide modes of action. Other technologies will include new chemical, biological, cultural and mechanical methods for weed management. From the onset of commercialization, growers must now preserve the utility of new technologies by integrating their use with other weed management technologies in diverse and sustainable systems.
Spectral characteristics of external-cavity controlled semiconductor lasers (1981)

Experiments with an external-cavity semiconductor laser indicate that single-frequency oscillation may be obtained in an injection laser when the gain is temporally and spatially stabilized within the active region. Using an originally multimode laser diode as the gain medium, the external-cavity laser oscillates stably in the fundamental spatial mode and in a single longitudinal mode with a frequency which is tunable over a 10 nm spectral range. The rms frequency jitter of the unstabilized laser is 500 kHz. These mode characteristics suggest that spatially inhomogeneous gain saturation is significant only in the lateral direction in the active region of a stripe-geometry double-heterostructure laser diode. A quantitative analysis of the spontaneous emission in the spectral vicinity of the lasing mode shows no evidence of spectral hole burning, with a 0.5 percent upper limit to the depth of the hole burned in the gain spectrum by a lasing mode power of 5 mW.
Postictal Central Apnea as a Cause of SUDEP: Evidence From Near‐SUDEP Incident (2000)

While undergoing video-EEG monitoring, a 20-year-old woman had a 56-second convulsive seizure, after which she developed persistent apnea. The rhythm of the electrocardiogram complexes was unimpaired for approximately 10 seconds, after which it gradually and progressively slowed until it stopped 57 seconds later. Evaluation after successful cardio-respiratory resuscitation showed no evidence of airway obstruction or pulmonary edema. The patient had a previous cardio-respiratory arrest after a complex partial seizure without secondary generalization. Although epileptic seizures are known to be potentially arrhythmogenic to the heart, our observations strongly suggest that one probable mechanism of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy is the marked central suppression of respiratory activity after seizures.
Nrf2 Activation in Astrocytes Protects against Neurodegeneration in Mouse Models of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2008)

Activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 in astrocytes coordinates the upregulation of antioxidant defenses and confers protection to neighboring neurons. Dominant mutations in Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons. Non-neuronal cells, including astrocytes, shape motor neuron survival in ALS and are a potential target to prevent motor neuron degeneration. The protective effect of Nrf2 activation in astrocytes has never been examined in a chronic model of neurodegeneration. We generated transgenic mice over-expressing Nrf2 selectively in astrocytes using the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. The toxicity of astrocytes expressing ALS-linked mutant hSOD1 to cocultured motor neurons was reversed by Nrf2 over-expression. Motor neuron protection depended on increased glutathione secretion from astrocytes. This protective effect was also observed by crossing the GFAP-Nrf2 mice with two ALS-mouse models. Over-expression of Nrf2 in astrocytes significantly delayed onset and extended survival. These findings demonstrate that Nrf2 activation in astrocytes is a viable therapeutic target to prevent chronic neurodegeneration.
Low-Abundance Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Variants: Finding Significance in an Era of Abundant Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options (2009)

Several prospective and retrospective studies have shown that genotypic testing for drug-resistant HIV-1 variants has helped health-care providers better understand patient responses to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and make wiser choices for both initial and salvage therapy. The standard approach to genotypic resistance testing begins with plasma HIV-1 RNA extraction, reverse transcription, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and it ends with the direct sequencing of PCR products by use of the standard dideoxynucleotide terminator sequencing method developed by Sanger 30 years ago. The high mutation rate of HIV-1 and the complex population genetics of HIV-1 in infected patients complicate the interpretation of standard genotypic tests for resistant variants because these tests are generally unable to detect minority or low-abundance drug-resistant mutations (DRMs) that are present at levels <20% of the virus quasispecies in a clinical sample.
Molecular cloning of lsk, a carboxyl-terminal src kinase (csk) related gene, expressed in leukocytes. (1994)

Regulation of the activity of src-family kinases is thought to occur, in part, through the phosphorylation of conserved carboxyl-terminal tyrosine residues. Although the src-family includes several molecules with tissue or cell-type restricted expression, the only kinase implicated in the regulatory phosphorylation of these enzymes is p50csk. Herein we report the molecular cloning of a tissue specific p50csk-related gene. Like p50csk, the deduced protein sequence of this novel cDNA includes a tyrosine kinase catalytic domain, SH2 and SH3 domains, a short amino terminus, and no autophosphorylation or carboxyl-terminal tyrosine residues. Additionally, neither this novel kinase nor p50csk contain the amino-terminal myristoylation site characteristic of the src-family. However, whereas csk is ubiquitously expressed, mRNA corresponding to this novel gene is expressed in brain, natural killer (NK) cells, and activated T cells but not in a variety of other tissues and cell lines. In agreement with the mRNA expression pattern, antiserum reactive with the predicted carboxyl-terminus of the cDNA recognizes a 57 kDa polypeptide in immunoblots of NK cells and PHA-activated T cells. Because of its limited expression and high homology to p50csk, we named this gene lsk; leukocyte carboxyl-terminal src kinase related gene. Identification of a molecule like lsk suggests the existence of tissue specific src-regulatory pathways that function in activated lymphocytes.
Methodologies for the Sensitive and Specific Measurement of S -nitrosothiols, Iron-nitrosyls, and Nitrite in Biological Samples (2002)

(2003). Methodologies for the Sensitive and Specific Measurement of S -nitrosothiols, Iron-nitrosyls, and Nitrite in Biological Samples. Free Radical Research: Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 1-10.
Surface expression of alpha 4 integrin by CD4 T cells is required for their entry into brain parenchyma. (1993)

Cloned CD4 T cell lines that recognize the Ac1-16 peptide of myelin basic protein bound to I-Au were isolated and used to analyze the immunopathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). T helper type 1 (Th1) clones induced disease, while Th2 clones did not. Using variants of a single cloned Th1 line, the surface expression of alpha 4 integrins (very late antigen 4 [VLA-4]) was identified as a major pathogenic factor. Encephalitogenic clones and nonencephalitogenic variants differ by 10-fold in their level of surface expression of alpha 4 integrin and in their ability to bind to endothelial cells and recombinant vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). The alpha 4 integrin-high, disease-inducing cloned Th1 T cells enter brain parenchyma in abundance, while alpha 4 integrin-low, nonencephalitogenic Th1 cells do not. Moreover, antibodies to alpha 4 integrin, its ligand VCAM-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 all influence the pathogenicity of this encephalitogenic clone in vivo. The importance of the expression of VLA-4 for encephalitogenicity is not unique to cloned T cell lines, as similar results were obtained using myelin basic protein-primed lymph node T cells. alpha 4 integrin levels did not affect antigen responsiveness or production of the Th1 cytokines interleukin 2, interferon gamma, and lymphotoxin/tumor necrosis factor beta; and antibodies against alpha 4 integrin did not block antigen recognition in vitro. Thus, we conclude that surface expression of alpha 4 integrin is important in CD4 T cell entry into brain parenchyma. A general conclusion of these studies is that alpha 4 integrins may be crucial in allowing activated effector T cells to leave blood and enter the brain and other tissues to clear infections.
The preparation and tensile properties of polyethylene composites (1978)

Abstract Single polymer composites have been prepared using different morphologies of polyethylene as matrix and as the reinforcement. Depending on annealing conditions, the ultraoriented fibers used as reinforcement can have higher melting points (ca. 139°C) than the matrix made from the same conventionally crystallized high‐density polyethylene (ca. 132°C) or from low‐density polyethylene (ca. 110°C). The optimum temperature has been assessed for bonding to occur by growth of transcrystalline regions from the melt matrix without considerable modulus reduction of the annealed ultraoriented and reinforcement fiber or film. Pullout tests have been used for determining the interfacial shear strength of these single polymer composites. The interfacial shear strength for the high‐density polyethylene films embedded in a low‐density polyethylene matrix is 7.5 MPa and for high‐density polyethylene self‐composites is 17 MPa. These values are greater than the strength for glass‐reinforced resins. The strength is mainly due to the unique epitaxial bonding which gives greater adhesion than the compressive and radial stresses arising from the differential shrinkage of matrix and reinforcement. The tensile modulus of composites prepared from uniaxial and continuous high‐density polyethylene films embedded in low‐density polyethylene obeys the simple law of mixtures and the reinforced low‐density polyethylene modulus is increased by a factor of 10. High strength cross‐ply high‐density‐polyethylene—low‐density‐polyethylene laminates have also been prepared and the mechanical properties have been studied as the film orientation is varied with respect to the tensile axis.
List Decoding of Polar Codes (2015)

We describe a successive-cancellation list decoder for polar codes, which is a generalization of the classic successive-cancellation decoder of Arıkan. In the proposed list decoder, L decoding paths are considered concurrently at each decoding stage, where L is an integer parameter. At the end of the decoding process, the most likely among the L paths is selected as the single codeword at the decoder output. Simulations show that the resulting performance is very close to that of maximum-likelihood decoding, even for moderate values of L. Alternatively, if a genie is allowed to pick the transmitted codeword from the list, the results are comparable with the performance of current state-of-the-art LDPC codes. We show that such a genie can be easily implemented using simple CRC precoding. The specific list-decoding algorithm that achieves this performance doubles the number of decoding paths for each information bit, and then uses a pruning procedure to discard all but the L most likely paths. However, straightforward implementation of this algorithm requires Ω(Ln <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) time, which is in stark contrast with the O(n log n) complexity of the original successive-cancellation decoder. In this paper, we utilize the structure of polar codes along with certain algorithmic transformations in order to overcome this problem: we devise an efficient, numerically stable, implementation of the proposed list decoder that takes only O(Ln logn) time and O(Ln) space.
Immunofluorescent identification of human megakaryocyte colonies using an antiplatelet glycoprotein antiserum (1981)

The development of a satisfactory in vitro assay system for human megakaryocyte colony forming progenitor cells has been delayed by the lack of a suitable marker for cells of human megakaryocyte lineage. For this purpose we raised an antiserum directed against a purified human platelet glycoprotein preparation. In conjunction with indirect immunofluorescent staining of human bone marrow, this antiserum labeled only platelets, megakaryocytes, and an infrequent population of small mononuclear cells. These small mononuclear cells, not otherwise identifiable as members of the megakaryocyte series, constituted 22.9% of the total fluorescein positive nucleated bone marrow cells. This antiserum was also used to label colonies cultured from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using a modified plasma clot technique. A mean of 123 fluorescein-labeled colonies were cloned per 10(6) mononuclear cells cultured. Granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid burst colonies did not label using this method. No augmentation of colony numbers was found with varying concentrations of erythropoietin, human embryonic kidney cell conditioned media (a source of thrombopoietin), or media conditioned by a human T lymphoblast cell line (a source of both colony stimulating and burst promoting activities). Immunofluorescent labeling for platelet glycoproteins is a convenient phenotypic marker for cells of human megakaryocyte lineage useful in the study of in vitro human megakaryocytopoiesis.
Mining the human proteome: Experience with the human lymphoid protein database (1998)

We have undertaken an effort in the past five years aimed at developing a database of lymphoid proteins detectable by two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The database contains 2-D patterns and derived information pertaining to: (i) polypeptide constituents of unstimulated and stimulated mature T cells and immature thymocytes; (ii) cultured T cells and cell lines that have been manipulated by transfection with a variety of constructs or by treatment with specific agents; (iii) single cell-derived T and B cell clones; (iv) cells obtained from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and leukemia; and (v) a variety of other relevant cell populations. The database has experienced a substantial expansion in 2-D patterns it contains, numbering currently 9167 individual 2-D patterns. This number represents a fraction of the 30,682 2-D patterns maintained in our databases. The capacity to design and undertake experiments, produce high-quality 2-D patterns, and to undertake simple or rudimentary analyses of 2-D patterns to meet the basic needs of the experiments for which the 2-D gels were produced has exceeded the capacity to fully and uniformly integrate information generated from any gel image or experiment, across all images and experiments. While only a fraction of the information in the 2-D patterns contained in the lymphoid database has been mined, novel findings derived from querying the database point to the merits of this protein based approach. Additional resources have recently been put into place to mine more effectively data pertaining to protein expression in lymphoid cells.