gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Venoocclusive disease of the liver: development of a model for predicting fatal outcome after marrow transplantation. (1993)

The course of VOD after cytoreductive therapy can be predicted by knowing the serum bilirubin and weight gained within 1 to 2 weeks of transplantation. Probability estimates derived from patient data are highly specific and moderately sensitive. Such probability estimates may be useful when considering potentially risky interventions to treat VOD, such as recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator.
Drugs modulating adenosine receptors as potential therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases (2000)

Adenosine has a wide range of physiological activities arising from its interaction with the P1 purinoceptor, which has been further subclassified into four types - A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Apart from adenosine itself and long-established antagonists such as theophylline and caffeine there are no new adenosine receptor agonist or antagonist drug molecules currently in clinical use. In view of the widespread actions of adenosine in the cardiovascular system and the possible role of adenosine in the pathogenesis of many diseases affecting the cardiovascular system, new agents that modulate adenosine’s actions have considerable therapeutic potential. The main diseases under consideration in this review of patents from 1997 - 2000 are hypertension, myocardial ischaemia (infarction), cerebral ischaemia (stroke), supraventricular tachycardia, renal failure, heart failure and peripheral ischaemia (intermittent claudication). Novel agonists and antagonists at each of the four receptor subtypes have been disclosed, except A2B agonists, where a gap still remains. Agents that raise endogenous adenosine levels, namely inhibitors of adenosine transport, adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase, are also disclosed. Claims are made for the potential use of all of the agents in the treatment of cerebral and myocardial ischaemia. The likely mechanisms for this protective action are not always clear and the final therapeutic outcome must remain uncertain until the underlying mechanisms are resolved. Applications in the treatment of renal dysfunction and as diuretics are claimed for novel adenosine A1 receptor antagonists which appear to be more realistic. There is growing interest in the role of adenosine in inflammatory disorders as they relate to cerebrovascular and myocardial ischaemia and actions of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists on neutrophil and mast cell function appear to show particular promise. The only established use of adenosine in the treatment of supraventricular arrythmias has received some additional support with the disclosure of several novel A1 receptor agonists. A1-selective agonists with potential for hyperlipidaemias, arrhythmias following myocardial infarction, heart failure and hypertension, are also disclosed.
Mechanisms regulating the transport of acetic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

Cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae IGC 4072 grown in medium with acetic acid produced a mediated transport system for acetic acid that behaved as an electroneutral proton symport for the anionic form of the acid. The system could transport propionate and formate but not lactate and pyruvate. Uptake of labelled lactic acid was negligible, no mediated transport system activity for this acid being found. The acetate transporter was also found in cells grown in lactic acid or ethanol media, suggesting that the carrier did not require the presence of an external inducer. When cells were grown in lactic acid medium, uptake of labelled acetic acid, at pH 5.0, was biphasic and consistent with the presence of two distinct transport modes for the acid. One of these components corresponded to the acetate/proton symport, and the higher affinity system corresponded to a more general monocarboxylate carrier that could also transport lactate, pyruvate and propionate. Both systems were subject to repression by glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose or galactose. In glucose-repressed cells, the undissociated form of the acids appeared to be the only one that could cross the plasma membrane, a diffusion mechanism being involved in the acid uptake. Under these growth conditions and when the extracellular pH was lower than that of the cytosol, accumulation of the acid could also be observed, it being a function of the delta pH.
Critical role of CD81 in cognate T–B cell interactions leading to Th2 responses (2002)

We previously demonstrated that CD81-/- mice fail to develop Th2-biased immune responses and allergen-induced airway hyper-reactivity. Because CD81 is expressed on both activated T and on B cells, we examined the role of CD81 expression by each cell type. We established an in vitro system by backcrossing the CD81 deletion to TCR transgenic (Tg) mice and to BCR Tg mice. Here we demonstrate that CD81 expression by T cells is critical for their induction of IL-4 synthesis by B cells. CD81-/- TCR Tg T cells were impaired in IL-4 production compared to CD81+/+ TCR Tg T cells, whereas CD81-/- and CD81+/+ BCR Tg B cells induced equivalent amounts of IL-4 in CD81+/+ TCR Tg T cells. CD81-/- TCR Tg T cells expressed reduced levels of ICOS, GATA-3, STAT6 and phosphorylated STAT6 when activated by antigen-presenting B cells. Taken together, these results indicate that CD81 expression by T cells greatly enhances cognate T-B cell interactions and greatly augments intracellular activation pathways leading to Th2 polarization.
Lipoprotein Mutations in Pigs Are Associated with Elevated Plasma Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis (1986)

A strain of pigs bearing three immunogenetically defined lipoprotein-associated markers (allotypes), designated Lpb5, Lpr1, and Lpu1, has marked hypercholesterolemia on a low fat, cholesterol-free diet. Unlike individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia or WHHL rabbits, the affected pigs have normal low density lipoprotein receptor activity. The animals, by 7 months of age, have extensive atherosclerotic lesions in all three coronary arteries. This strain of pig represents an animal model for atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia associated with mutations affecting the structures of plasma lipoproteins. One of the variant apolipoproteins, Lpb5, is apolipoprotein-B. A second variant apolipoprotein (Lpr1), termed apo-R, is a 23-kilodalton protein present in both the very low density (d less than 1.006 g/ml) and the very high density (d greater than 1.21 g/ml) fractions of pig plasma. Isoforms of this protein correlate with two Lpr alleles, Lpr1 and Lpr2. The Lpr genes segregate independently of the Lpb5 and Lpu1 alleles. The Lpu1 allotype is a component of low density lipoprotein and is genetically linked to Lpb5.
Polymorphism of 17-Ethinylestradiol (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymorphism of 17-EthinylestradiolRichard PheasantCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 9, 4303–4304Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01165a535https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01165a535research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vocal Tract Length Normalization for Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition (1997)

Abstract : Generally speaking, the speaker-dependence of a speech recognition system stems from speaker-dependent speech feature. The variation of vocal tract length and/or shape is one of the major source of inter-speaker variations. In this paper, we address several methods of vocal tract length normalization (VTLN) for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition: (1) explore the bilinear warping VTLN in frequency domain; (2) propose a speaker-specific Bark/Mel scale VTLN in Bark/Mel domain; (3) investigate adaptation of the normalization factor. Our experimental results show that the speaker-specific Bark/Mel scale VTLN is better than the piecewise/bilinear warping VTLN in frequency domain. It can reduce up to 12% word error rate for our Spanish and English spontaneous speech scheduling task database. For adaptation of the normalization factor, our experimental results show that promising result can be obtained by using not more than three utterances from a new speaker to estimate his/her normalization factor, and the unsupervised adaptation mode works as well as the supervised one. Therefore, the computational complexity of VTLN can be avoided by learning the normalization factor from very few utterances of a new speaker.
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Wood Lignin and Hemicelluloses (1969)

Dynamic thermogravimetric analysis was performed on five forms of lignin and nine preparations of hardwood and softwood hemicelluloses. Kinetic parameters were determined for pyrolysis and combustion in nitrogen and oxygen over 25 to 1000 C at 6 C/min. The weight loss data were analyzed for activation energies assuming zero and first order decomposition with an Arrhenius behavior. Lignin stability appeared related to preparation and molecular weight, with sulfuric acid as the least representative of protolignin behavior. Softwood and hardwood hemicelluloses degraded characteristically. Softwood compression wood galactan degraded catastrophically during the combustion analysis.
Protein Detection by Nanopores Equipped with Aptamers (2012)

Protein nanopores have been used as stochastic sensors for the detection of analytes that range from small molecules to proteins. In this approach, individual analyte molecules modulate the ionic current flowing through a single nanopore. Here, a new type of stochastic sensor based on an αHL pore modified with an aptamer is described. The aptamer is bound to the pore by hybridization to an oligonucleotide that is attached covalently through a disulfide bond to a single cysteine residue near a mouth of the pore. We show that the binding of thrombin to a 15-mer DNA aptamer, which forms a cation-stabilized quadruplex, alters the ionic current through the pore. The approach allows the quantification of nanomolar concentrations of thrombin, and provides association and dissociation rate constants and equilibrium dissociation constants for thrombin·aptamer interactions. Aptamer-based nanopores have the potential to be integrated into arrays for the parallel detection of multiple analytes.
Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Expression and Function by MicroRNAs (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized as important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, and changes in their actions can contribute to disease states. Little is understood regarding miRNA functions in the airway epithelium under normal or diseased conditions. We profiled miRNA expression in well-differentiated primary cultures of human cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF airway epithelia, and discovered that miR-509-3p and miR-494 concentrations were increased in CF epithelia. Human non-CF airway epithelia, transfected with the mimics of miR-509-3p or miR-494, showed decreased cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression, whereas their respective anti-miRs exerted the opposite effect. Interestingly, the two miRNAs acted cooperatively in regulating CFTR expression. Upon infecting non-CF airway epithelial cells with Staphylococcus aureus, or upon stimulating them with the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α or IL-1β, we observed an increased expression of both miRNAs and a concurrent decrease in CFTR expression and function, suggesting that inflammatory mediators may regulate these miRNAs. Transfecting epithelia with anti-miRs for miR-509-3p and miR-494, or inhibiting NF-κB signaling before stimulating cells with TNFα or IL-1β, suppressed these responses, suggesting that the expression of both miRNAs was responsive to NF-κB signaling. Thus, miR-509-3p and miR-494 are dynamic regulators of CFTR abundance and function in normal, non-CF airway epithelia.
Electrophysiological Effects of Dronedarone (SR33589), a Noniodinated Benzofuran Derivative, in the Rabbit Heart (1999)

The electrophysiological effects of dronedarone are similar to those of AM but more potent, despite deletion of iodine from its molecular structure, a finding of importance for the development of future class III antiarrhythmic compounds.
Tumor size at the time of adoptive transfer determines whether tumor rejection occurs (2000)

Here we investigate the minimal requirements for induction of an anti-tumor response in CD8 T cells in vivo. We compare the efficacy of adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells with a transgenic TCR specific for the main cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope of the influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) on the growth of NP-expressing EL4 tumors under different conditions. In a setting in which tumor rejection is solely dependent on tumor-specific CD8 T cells, small immunogenic tumors fail to induce a rejection response, despite the fact that they are not ignored: tumor-specific CD8 T cells are activated, differentiate into effector cells and infiltrate the tumor bed. Nevertheless, tumor rejection does not occur. In sharp contrast, the same immunogenic tumor, when growing as a large tumor mass, is rejected by transferred tumor-specific CD8 T cells. The main features which distinguish the rejection response to a large tumor mass from the response to a small tumor is that, in the latter case, activated CD8 T cells appear much later, and in much smaller numbers. Efficacy of adoptive transfer is thus dictated by the size of the tumor mass at the time of transfer. These findings predict that treatment of minimal residual disease with adoptive transfer will fail, unless vaccination is also provided at the time of transfer.
Using the Internet for audience and customer research (2003)

Using the Internet as a medium for collecting communication research data can save time and money. Both synchronous and asynchronous data can be collected for research designs that call for either questionnaire or transcript data collection. Cost curves for Internet-based and traditional methods of data collection show that the Internet methods are significantly cheaper. Online research methods for a geographically-defined population are best seen as a supplement to traditional methods, as Internet users are still quite different from the general population, but for populations defined by demographics or by Internet use itself, the Internet can be an excellent medium for research. Analysis of actual studies indicates that Internet respondent cooperation rates are similar to telephone interviewing rates. Cooperation rates are influenced by the respondents' involvement with the research topic, incentives, recruitment techniques, required technology and ease-of-use of the research instruments. Internet-based research techniques have a learning curve that requires an investment by organizations conducting many research studies, suggesting that infrequent users of online research may benefit from contracting projects to Internet research suppliers.
Preemptive Donor Apoptotic Cell Infusions Induce IFN-γ–Producing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells for Cardiac Allograft Protection (2014)

We have previously shown that preemptive infusion of apoptotic donor splenocytes treated with the chemical cross-linker ethylcarbodiimide (ECDI-SPs) induces long-term allograft survival in full MHC-mismatched models of allogeneic islet and cardiac transplantation. The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the graft protection provided by ECDI-SPs is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that infusions of ECDI-SPs increase two populations of CD11b(+) cells in the spleen that phenotypically resemble monocytic-like (CD11b(+)Ly6C(high)) and granulocytic-like (CD11b(+)Gr1(high)) MDSCs. Both populations suppress T cell proliferation in vitro and traffic to the cardiac allografts in vivo to mediate their protection via inhibition of local CD8 T cell accumulation and potentially also via induction and homing of regulatory T cells. Importantly, repeated treatments with ECDI-SPs induce the CD11b(+)Gr1(high) cells to produce a high level of IFN-γ and to exhibit an enhanced responsiveness to IFN-γ by expressing higher levels of downstream effector molecules ido and nos2. Consequently, neutralization of IFN-γ completely abolishes the suppressive capacity of this population. We conclude that donor ECDI-SPs induce the expansion of two populations of MDSCs important for allograft protection mediated in part by intrinsic IFN-γ-dependent mechanisms. This form of preemptive donor apoptotic cell infusions has significant potential for the therapeutic manipulation of MDSCs for transplant tolerance induction.
Beneficial effects of Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharides on the immune system (2009)

Bacterial colonization of the intestine is critical for the normal function of the mammalian immune system. However, the specific molecules produced by commensal bacteria that contribute to the modulation of the host immune system are largely uncharacterized. Polysaccharide A (PSA) produced by the ubiquitous human commensal, Bacteroides fragilis is a model symbiosis factor. PSA is capable of activating T cell-dependent immune responses that can affect both the development and homeostasis of the host immune system. Colonization of previously germ-free mice with B. fragilis alone is sufficient to correct the splenic Th1/Th2 imbalance found in germ-free mice. In addition, PSA can provide protection in animal models of colitis through repression of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with the Th17 lineage. This review provides an overview of the immunologic properties of PSA including the mechanisms of immune system activation and the resulting immunomodulatory effects.
Beyond backup toward storage management (2003)

The IBM Tivoli Storage Manager, a client/server product providing backup, archive, and space management functions in heterogeneous distributed environments, performs extensive storage management after client data have reached the server. Beyond minimizing the amount of data that a client needs to send on successive backup operations, Tivoli Storage Manager optimizes data placement for disaster recovery, for restore operations, and for fault tolerant access. It also adapts to changes in device technology. The original design points of the product in research have been expanded to provide a comprehensive set of functions that not only facilitate backup but also support content managers and deep storage applications. The design points and functions are described in this paper.
Usability Investigation of E-Business Web-Based Forms (2009)

Usability on Web sites is critical because almost no training is provided for users on commercial sites. Instead, Web design relies on standards and consistency across sites. Traditional usability results indicated that computer forms should follow paper-based forms. Yet, Web paradigms have evolved that are quite different from paper-based forms. Specifically, this study reveals that users commit fewer errors and prefer simple forms limited to a single concept per screen. This conclusion significantly alters the recommendations for designing business forms.
Preventing Human Rights Abuses in the U.S. Garment Industry: A Proposed Amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act (1992)

On July 17, 1991, four hundred fifty garment workers employed by Raymond and Yee Nor Kong found the doors to their workplace padlocked. These workers had no prior notice that the nine shops owned by the Kongs were about to go out of business. For the workers, the closure of the shops meant more than the suspension of future income. The Kongs had not paid them for two months, claiming that money was tight and that compensation would follow when cash became available. The Kongs had borrowed substantial sums from their employees, threatening to terminate workers who would not lend them money. Furthermore, the Kongs had ceased paying health insurance premiums, despite having deducted money from employees' paychecks for this purpose. Employees and their families were left without health coverage although they had paid for insurance. The California Labor Commissioner's Office described this case as one of the worst single violations of wage and hour laws it had ever confronted.
SPECT imaging of dopamine transporters in human brain with iodine-123-fluoroalkyl analogs of beta-CIT. (1996)

Iodine-123-2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane (beta-CIT) is a useful SPECT tracer for imaging the dopamine transporter. Its slow kinetics, however, necessitate imaging on the day after the injection. Two N-omega-fluoroalkyl analogs of beta-CIT, the fluoropropyl and fluoroethyl compounds (beta-CIT-FP and beta-CIT-FE, respectively), characterized by faster kinetics in baboons, were tested in humans as potential tracers for the dopamine transporter. Four healthy volunteers were injected with [123I]-beta-CIT-FP and another four were injected with [123I]beta-CIT-FE. SPECT data were acquired for 1149 +/- 590 min and 240 +/- 30 min, respectively. Both tracers demonstrated high brain uptake (6.37% +/- 0.37% and 7.8% +/- 1.5% of the injected dose, respectively). Activity concentrated with time in the striatal area, reaching a peak within 30 min, with little or no washout for [123I]beta-CIT-FP and a faster washout for [123I]beta-CIT-FE (14.7% +/- 6.9%). Occipital and midbrain activity showed similar patterns, displaying a peak within 15 min and rapid washout, followed by stable levels at approximately 100 min for both tracers. The ratio of peak specific striatal-to-peak specific midbrain activity was 9.1 +/- 1.8 for [123I]beta-CIT-FP and 7.7 +/- 0.7 for [123I]beta-CIT-FE, showing high in vivo selectivity for the dopamine transporter. These preliminary results suggest that both compounds could be used as SPECT (labeled with 123I) or PET (labeled with 18F) radiotracers to image the dopamine transporters in the living human brain.