gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capsular antibodies induce type-specific phagocytosis of capsulated Staphylococcus aureus by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1988)

Capsular types 5 and 8, which account for about 70% of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the blood of patients, resisted in vitro phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Antisera and monoclonal antibody to type 5 and 8 capsular polysaccharides (CPS) induced type-specific in vitro phagocytosis of capsulated organisms by PMN. Antibodies directed against the O-acetyl moiety of the type 8 CPS were more effective in inducing phagocytosis of type 8 organisms by PMN. Either type-specific antiserum or monoclonal antibody reactive with the native O-acetylated type 8 CPS was most effective in inducing in vitro phagocytosis of type 8 organisms by PMN. These results provide further evidence that CPS of S. aureus are associated with host immunity to this organism.
Proteolytic inactivation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in infected bronchial secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis (1991)

The chronic, progressively destructive bronchitis of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by an important imbalance between tissue destroying granulocyte proteases such as granulocyte elastase (GE) and its physiological inhibitors in bronchial secretions. Recent in vitro studies suggest, that proteases derived from bacteria or endogenous proteases may contribute to inactivation of physiological inhibitors of GE. Since only trypsin-unreactive alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) was detected in CF bronchial secretions, we attempted to identify the mechanism of inactivation of alpha 1-PI. We found a heat stable, serine protease-like enzymatic activity capable of degrading 125I-labelled alpha 1-PI extensively in 22 infected but not in one non-infected CF bronchial secretion. In infected secretions, only degraded alpha 1-PI, which did not migrate like oxidized alpha 1-PI in tandem-crossed immunoelectrophoresis, was detectable. We conclude, that free GE in excess as well as GE bound to bronchial mucosal inhibitor may partly account for the alpha 1-PI-cleaving activity, but that other yet unknown bacterial or host serine proteases also contribute to alpha 1-PI inactivation.
Applicability of Smart Cards to Network User Authentication. (1994)

ABSTRACT: This paper addresses security issues associated with authenticating users to system services in distributed information systems. Its focus is the presentation of an approach for augmenting the Kerberos network user identification and authentication protocol through the integration of emerging smart card technology. Our conclusions indicate that the security of Kerberos-based network authentication can be substantially enhanced by employing a smart card as a trusted desktop coprocessor. Two critical aspects of information system security are the application of access controls based on a user&amp;apos;s authorizations and the creation of an audit trail based on a user&amp;apos;s actions.[l] Both are dependent on the accurate authentication of users to guard against the threat of intruders masquerading as valid users. Traditionally,
Simulator for IDEAL-implementation and environment (1991)

Presents the simulation strategy for a new hardware description language, IDEAL. IDEAL supports hierarchical and modular descriptions of asynchronous and synchronous digital systems in terms of behaviours and structures. It forms the basis of the IDEAS project for VLSI CAD tools development. The simulator for IDEAL is based on the coroutine model. A design in IDEAL is simulated by appropriately scheduling coroutines corresponding to the design entities. The behavioral and structural description is translated into coroutines by compiling IDEAL data transfer and control constructs into 'C'. The semantics of IDEAL constructs are discussed and the simulator implementation and supporting environment are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Alpha 6 beta 4 integrin heterodimer is a component of hemidesmosomes. (1990)

Antisera that recognize the alpha 6 and beta 4 subunits of integrins were found by immunoelectron microscopy to localize to hemidesmosomes in the basal cells of mouse corneal epithelium. Immunoprecipitation experiments using extracts of metabolically labeled corneal epithelial cells indicate that the primary alpha 6-subunit-containing integrin heterodimer present is alpha 6 beta 4 and not alpha 6 beta 1. Here we extend previous studies to report that by immunofluorescence microscopy the alpha 6 integrin subunit colocalizes with bullous pemphigoid antigen and type VII collagen in newly forming hemidesmosomes in the developing 17-day fetal rabbit eye. Neither the composition of the anchoring filaments, which span the region between the hemidesmosomal plaque and the lamina densa of basement membrane where the globular domain of type VII collagen is located, nor the extracellular ligand of alpha 6 beta 4 is known. Once anchoring filament proteins are identified, it will be of interest to determine whether any bind to alpha 6 beta 4.
Impairment of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells for IFN Production by the Ligand for Immunoglobulin-Like Transcript 7 Expressed on Human Cancer Cells (2009)

ILT7L expression on cancer cells may be one of the mechanisms for impairment of pDCs in the cancer microenvironment. ILT7/ILT7L signaling may normally enable a negative immune response feedback following viral infection. Intervention of the ILT7L/ILT7 system may be useful for enhancing antitumor immunity as well as antiviral immunity.
Formation of TiN films with low Cl concentration by pulsed plasma chemical vapor deposition (1996)

Polycrystalline TiN films containing less than 1 at. % of Cl contamination were formed from TiCl4 at a low temperature (200 °C) condition on a Si substrate by pulsed plasma chemical vapor deposition. The Cl suppression at low temperature was realized by a two-step process, TiCl4 decomposition and hydrogen reduction. The main objective for reducing Cl in the film was to establish a sufficient reduction period to free TiClx radicals in the gas phase. The length of the reduction period was affected by the radio frequency power, which decided the rate of TiCl4 decomposition and hydrogen reduction.
Activities of fresh juice of Scutellaria barbata and warmed water extract of Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis on anti-proliferation and apoptosis of human cancer cell lines (2005)

The possible antiproliferative and apoptotic inducing potentials of fresh juice prepared from Scutellaria barbata (SBJ) and warmed water extract of Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis (RSTE) have been tested on a series of cancer cell lines, including HepG2 hepatoblastoma, Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma, MDA-MB231 breast carcinoma, A549 lung cancer and KG-1 acute myelogenous leukaemia in vitro. Both SBJ and RSTE were able to inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines and induce apoptosis. Further analysis of the action of RSTE on HepG2 cells suggested that the activity of the central machinery of apoptosis, caspase 3, was significantly elevated. Oligo-nucleosomal length DNA fragments formation was readily detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling assay after RSTE treatment. Taken together, we believe that, although Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis was demonstrated to have toxic components including matrine and oxymatrine, it is still worthwhile to further investigate its anti-cancer potential under a safety toxicological precaution.
Structural Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. IX. Sequence Features of the Regions of 1,011,550 bp Covered by Seventeen P1 and TAC Clones (1999)

In this series of projects sequencing the entire genome of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5, non-redundant P1 and TAC clones have been sequenced according to the fine physical map, and as of May 7, 1999, the sequences of 16.2 Mb representing approximately 60% of chromosome 5 have been accumulated and released at our web site. In parallel, structural features of the sequenced regions have been analyzed by applying a variety of computer programs, and to date we have predicted a total of 2380 potential protein-coding genes in the 10,154,580 bp regions, which are covered by 142 P1 and TAC clones. In this paper, we newly analyzed the structural features of the 1,011,550 bp regions covered by additional 17 P1 and TAC clones, and predicted 298 protein-coding genes. The average density of the genes identified was 1 gene per 3394 bp. Introns were observed in 67% of the genes, and the average number per gene and the average length of the introns were 3.2 and 159 bp, respectively. The gene density became higher than the value estimated in the previously analyzed regions (1 gene per 4,267 bp), as the data in this paper were compiled based on a new standard of gene assignment including the computer-predicted hypothetical genes. The regions also contained 8 tRNA genes when searched by similarity to reported tRNA genes and the tRNA scan-SE program. The sequence data and information on the potential genes are available on the database KAOS (Kazusa Arabidopsis data Opening Site) at http://www.kazusa.or.jp/arabi/.
Computation of molecular volume (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputation of molecular volumeMichael L. ConnollyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 5, 1118–1124Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00291a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00291a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3465Altmetric-Citations524LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Unique Catalyst Effects the Rapid Room-Temperature Cross-Coupling of Organozinc Reagents with Carboxylic Acid Fluorides, Chlorides, Anhydrides, and Thioesters (2004)

We have identified a catalyst capable of effecting the rapid, room-temperature cross-coupling between acid fluorides and diorganozinc reagents. The use of acid fluorides as electrophilic partners allows this reaction to tolerate epimerizable functionality as well as beta leaving groups. The same catalyst is also capable of cross-coupling acid chlorides, acyl cyanides, anhydrides, thioesters, and pyridyl esters. Noteworthy is the ability of the reaction to successfully transfer both groups from the organometalic fragment.
Cortical and subcortical changes following sphenopalatine ganglion blocks in chronic migraine with medication overuse headache: a preliminary longitudinal study (2020)

Our results suggest SPG block treatment is associated with significant symptom improvement as well as significant structural brain changes in regions known to be associated with migraine and chronic pain processing in CM<sup>w/MOH</sup>.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Ruthenium‐Based Metathesis Catalysts Containing Electron‐Withdrawing Ligands. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metabolism of volatile chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas fluorescens (1988)

A Pseudomonas fluorescens strain designated PFL12 was isolated from soil and water that were contaminated with various chloroaliphatic hydrocarbons. The isolate was able to metabolize 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, 2,2-dichloropropane, and trichloroethylene.
The use of a detailed zygote score after IVF/ICSI to obtain good quality blastocysts: the German experience (2002)

The data show that PN stage morphology is related to blastocyst development, but the rate of arrested embryos of almost 30% limits the chance of conception under the conditions of the German Embryo Protection Law.
CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells in autoimmune arthritis (2009)

CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells can play a critical role in the prevention of autoimmunity, as evidenced by the cataclysmic autoimmune disease that develops in mice and humans lacking the key transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3). At present, however, how and whether Treg cells participate in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which has both systemic manifestations and a joint-targeted pathology that characterizes the disease, remains unclear. In this review, we describe work that has been carried out aimed at determining the role of Treg cells in disease development in RA patients and in mouse models of inflammatory arthritis. We also describe studies in a new model of spontaneous autoimmune arthritis (TS1 x HACII mice), in which disease is caused by CD4(+) T cells recognizing a neo-self-antigen expressed by systemically distributed antigen-presenting cells. We show that TS1 x HACII mice develop arthritis despite the presence of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells that recognize this target autoantigen, and we outline steps in the development of arthritis at which Treg cells might potentially act, or fail to act, in the development of inflammatory arthritis.
A novel compound that elevates high density lipoprotein and activates the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (1998)

In the current studies we describe the effects of PD 72953 and related compounds on lipoprotein levels in chow-fed male rats. After 2 weeks, 10 mg/kg of PD 72953 daily was as effective as 100 mg/kg gemfibrozil for elevating HDL-cholesterol. At 100 mg/kg, PD 72953 further elevated HDL-cholesterol to 232% of control levels, and was associated with increased HDL size and plasma apoE (169% of control), despite no change in hepatic apoE mRNA. ApoA-I rose transiently (at 1 week), but by 2 weeks only apoE remained elevated. PD 72953 dose-dependently reduced plasma apoB, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride. Hepatic apoC-III mRNA reduction parallelled triglyceride lowering. After 1 week, 30 and 100 mg/kg per day PD 72953 reduced plasma apo-CIII levels by 30 and 34%, and triglycerides by 60 and 83%, respectively. PD 72953 treatment had no effect on triglyceride production rates; however, 125I-labeled VLDL apoB disappearance was enhanced. We compared PD 72953 to a structurally similar diacid, PD 69405, that also reduced VLDL and LDL, but had no effect on HDL elevation. Compared to PD 72953, PD 69405 further accelerated 125I-labeled VLDL apoB disappearance, decreased triglyceride production, and elevated the ratio of post-heparin hepatic to lipoprotein lipase activity. Whole animal studies, transient transfection studies in HepG2 cells, and chimeric receptor studies in kidney 293 cells suggest that PD 72953 is a ligand for the peroxisomal proliferation activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), and PPARgamma. Overall, PD 72953 may act through a peroxisomal proliferation activated receptor and result in plasma triglycerides and apoB-containing lipoprotein reduction, while also raising HDL cholesterol. Reduced apoC-III may allow triglyceride-rich remnants to more efficiently bind and present substrate to peripheral tissue lipoprotein lipase, and therefore allow enhanced shedding of remnant phospholipid surface for HDL production.
Myocyte apoptosis during acute myocardial infarction in the mouse localizes to hypoxic regions but occurs independently of p53. (1997)

Significant numbers of myocytes die by apoptosis during myocardial infarction. The molecular mechanism of this process, however, remains largely unexplored. To facilitate a molecular genetic analysis, we have developed a model of ischemia-induced cardiac myocyte apoptosis in the mouse. Surgical occlusion of the left coronary artery results in apoptosis, as indicated by the presence of nucleosome ladders and in situ DNA strand breaks. Apoptosis occurs mainly in cardiac myocytes, and is shown for the first time to be limited to hypoxic regions during acute infarction. Since hypoxia-induced apoptosis in other cell types is dependent on p53, and p53 is induced by hypoxia in cardiac myocytes, we investigated the necessity of p53 for myocyte apoptosis during myocardial infarction. Myocyte apoptosis occurs as readily, however, in the hearts of mice nullizygous for p53 as in wild-type littermates. These data demonstrate the existence of a p53-independent pathway that mediates myocyte apoptosis during myocardial infarction.
Activation of NK cells by CC chemokines. Chemotaxis, Ca2+ mobilization, and enzyme release (1996)

The responses of cloned human NK cells (ERNK57) to seven CC chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), MCP-2, MCP-3, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), MIP-1 beta, and 1309) and two CXC chemokines (IL-8 and IP-10) were studied. Except for 1309, all CC chemokines induced chemotaxis of the NK cells in vitro, whereas the CXC chemokines were inactive. Maximal activity was obtained at 1 nM for MCP-1 and 10 to 100 nM for the other CC chemokines. The response showed a typically bimodal concentration dependence in all cases, except for RANTES, which induced a linear increase of migration over the concentration range of 0.1 to 1000 nM. A transient rise of the cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), which is characteristic for chemokine-stimulated leukocytes, was observed in NK cells after stimulation with all six active chemokines. Since granule exocytosis is required for NK cell-dependent target killing, the effect of CC chemokines on exocytosis was tested. All CC chemokines that induced chemotaxis and [Ca2+]i changes also induced the release of granzyme A and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from cloned and blood NK cells, as well as CD8+ T cells after pretreatment with cytochalasin B. Maximum release was obtained from NK cells, and amounted to 35% and 13% of the total content of granzyme A and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, respectively. The capacity of cloned NK cells and CD8+ T cells to respond to chemokines depended on the time in culture after stimulation with PHA in the presence of irradiated feeder cells, and maximum responses were observed after 10 to 16 days. Our results demonstrate that CC chemokines activate NK cells, and are, therefore, not only attractants for monocytes, T lymphocytes, and eosinophil and basophil granulocytes.
Noncoplanar VMAT for nasopharyngeal tumors: Plan quality versus treatment time (2015)

The authors' study reconfirms the dosimetric benefits of noncoplanar irradiation of nasopharyngeal tumors. Both SnS using optimized noncoplanar beam ensembles and VMAT using an optimized, arbitrary, noncoplanar trajectory enabled dose reductions in organs at risk compared to coplanar SnS and VMAT. Using great circles or simple couch rotations to implement noncoplanar VMAT, however, was not sufficient to yield meaningful improvements in treatment plan quality. The authors estimate that noncoplanar VMAT using arbitrary optimized irradiation trajectories comes at an increased delivery time compared to coplanar VMAT yet at a decreased delivery time compared to noncoplanar SnS IMRT.
Driven DNA Transport into an Asymmetric Nanometer-Scale Pore (2000)

To understand the mechanism by which individual DNA molecules enter nanometer-scale pores, we studied the concentration and voltage dependence of polynucleotide-induced ionic-current blockades of a single alpha-hemolysin ion channel. We find that the blockade frequency is proportional to the polymer concentration, that it increases exponentially with the applied potential, and that DNA enters the pore more readily through the entrance that has the larger vestibule. We also measure the minimum value of the electrical potential that confines a modified polymer inside the pore against random diffusion and repulsive forces.
Claisen rearrangement of allyl esters (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClaisen rearrangement of allyl estersRobert E. Ireland and Richard H. MuellerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 16, 5897–5898Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00771a062RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4188Altmetric-Citations310LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (236 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improving Precision Using Mixed-level Fault Diagnosis (2006)

For nanometer manufacturing fabrication process, it is critical to narrow down the defect location for successful physical failure analysis. This paper presents a mixed-level diagnosis technique, which first performs diagnosis at logic level, and then performs switch-level analysis to locate a defect at transistor level. An efficient single pass mixed-mode diagnosis flow proposed to isolate defects within a cell. Experimental results showed significant improvement in precision over traditional logic diagnosis with only a fractional increase in run-time. The proposed mixed-level diagnosis technique was applied to successfully isolate silicon defects
Transdermal delivery of proteins mediated by non‐covalently associated arginine‐rich intracellular delivery peptides (2007)

Plasma membranes of animal cells are generally impermeable to macromolecules. Protein transduction mediated by protein transduction domains (PTDs) covalently cross-linked to cargoes for cellular internalization has previously been demonstrated. Peptides with PTDs could be an effective way to deliver proteins into living cells or tissues in vitro. In this report, we demonstrate that arginine-rich intracellular delivery (AID) peptides are able to facilitate the delivery of proteins into animal cells and to penetrate skin tissues rapidly. This cellular internalization and transdermal delivery of proteins is mediated by non-toxic AID peptides in a non-fusion protein and non-conjugation dependent manner. The efficiency of intracellular transport is further increased in the presence of chemical enhancer oleic acid. The mechanism of the AID-mediated cellular entry may involve macropinocytosis and actin rearrangement. Thus, we confirm that direct delivery of bioactive proteins into living cells and tissues mediated by non-covalent actions of AID peptides represents a useful strategy in pharmaceutics, therapeutics and cosmetics.