gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liposomal Packaging Generates Wnt Protein with In Vivo Biological Activity (2008)

Wnt signals exercise strong cell-biological and regenerative effects of considerable therapeutic value. There are, however, no specific Wnt agonists and no method for in vivo delivery of purified Wnt proteins. Wnts contain lipid adducts that are required for activity and we exploited this lipophilicity by packaging purified Wnt3a protein into lipid vesicles. Rather than being encapsulated, Wnts are tethered to the liposomal surface, where they enhance and sustain Wnt signaling in vitro. Molecules that effectively antagonize soluble Wnt3a protein but are ineffective against the Wnt3a signal presented by a cell in a paracrine or autocrine manner are also unable to block liposomal Wnt3a activity, suggesting that liposomal packaging mimics the biological state of active Wnts. When delivered subcutaneously, Wnt3a liposomes induce hair follicle neogenesis, demonstrating their robust biological activity in a regenerative context.
Density-functional exchange-energy approximation with correct asymptotic behavior (1988)

Current gradient-corrected density-functional approximations for the exchange energies of atomic and molecular systems fail to reproduce the correct 1/r asymptotic behavior of the exchange-energy density. Here we report a gradient-corrected exchange-energy functional with the proper asymptotic limit. Our functional, containing only one parameter, fits the exact Hartree-Fock exchange energies of a wide variety of atomic systems with remarkable accuracy, surpassing the performance of previous functionals containing two parameters or more.
Creating Architectural Models from Images (1999)

We present methods for creating 3D graphical models of scenes from a limited numbers of images, i.e. one or two, in situations where no scene co‐ordinate measurements are available. The methods employ constraints available from geometric relationships that are common in architectural scenes – such as parallelism and orthogonality – together with constraints available from the camera. In particular, by using the circular points of a plane simple, linear algorithms are given for computing plane rectification, plane orientation and camera calibration from a single image. Examples of image based 3D modelling are given for both single images and image pairs.
Structure and Chromosomal Localization of the Human Prostasin (PRSS8) Gene (1996)

Prostasin, denoted as PRSS8, is a newly identified human serine proteinase that shares high sequence identity with acrosin, plasma kallikrein, and hepsin (Yu et al., 1994, 1995). In the present study, a full-length PRSS8 gene has been isolated and characterized. A 7-kb PRSS8 gene fragment has been sequenced, including a 1.4-kb 5'-flanking region, the 4.4-kb PRSS8 gene, and a 1.2-kb 3'-flanking region. The gene consists of six exons and five introns based on comparison with its cDNA sequence. The sizes of these exons are 417, 18, 163, 272, 167, and 899 bp, while those of the introns are 243, 1763, 271, 85, and 92 bp. A number of potential regulatory elements have been revealed in the 5'-flanking region, including an AP2 site, two erythroid-specific promoter elements, and a sterol regulatory element. In addition, there are a variant GC box and a variant AP1 site in the promoter region. The transcription initiation site of the PRSS8 gene has been defined at the G residue and its adjacent A residue in a sequence CTCATGACT, which is similar to an initiator element CTCANTCT. Between the transcription initiation site and these putative regulatory elements, there is an AC-rich repetitive sequence that spans over 300 bp. Human PRSS8 is a single-copy gene and has been localized on chromosome 16p11.2 by in situ hybridization.
DNA vaccines encoding full-length or truncated Neu induce protective immunity against Neu-expressing mammary tumors. (1998)

We generated DNA expression vectors encoding the full-length neu cDNA (designated pNeuN), the neu extracellular domain (pNeuE), or the neu extracellular and transmembrane domains (pNeuTM). The 293 cells transfected with pNeuN or pNeuTM expressed the neu extracellular domain on the surface membrane, whereas 293 cells transfected with pNeuE secreted the extracellular domain of neu into the culture supernatant. We examined whether i.m. injection of either of these plasmids could induce protective immunity in FVB/N mice against the adoptive transfer of Tgl-1 cells, a neu-expressing tumor cell line generated from a mouse mammary tumor that spontaneously arose in a FVB/N neu-transgenic mouse. The i.m. injection of pNeuTM or pNeuE, and to a lesser extent pNeuN, induced protective immunity against a subsequent challenge with Tgl-1 cells in FVB/N mice. In addition, the coinjection of a plasmid encoding interleukin-2 (designated pIL-2) augmented the efficacy of each of the pNeu plasmids for inducing protective immunity. The plasmid pNeuTM seemed to be the most effective for inducing anti-neu antibodies. However, the generation of detectable anti-neu antibodies in response to any one of these pNeu plasmids was not enhanced by coinjection of pIL-2 and was not required for protective immunity against Tgl-1 cells. These studies demonstrate that DNA expression vectors encoding soluble or membrane-bound forms of neu lacking the cytoplasmic kinase domain can be effective in inducing protective antitumor immunity.
Selective Oxidation of D‐Glucose: Chiral Intermediates for Industrial Utilization (1990)

Abstract D‐Glucose (“dextrose”) is a building unit of starch, cellulose, sucrose and lactose. For technical and economical reasons D‐glucose is produced on large industrial scale by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch. Main use is for nutrition, as feedstock for sorbitol and HFCS (high fructose corn syrup) and as carbon source for industrial fermentations. For broader industrial use of D‐glucose, problems of selectivity, pH‐ and temperature instability and insolubility in organic solvents have to be overcome. Selective chemical and biotechnical transformations, preferably in water, are necessary and favourable intrinsic properties like biodegradability, biocompatibility and chirality have to be exploited. This paper will review/preview existing knowledge and experience on possibilities to oxidise selectivity the different hydroxyl functions at positions C1 to C6 of unprotected D‐glucopyranose in water as solvent, using biotechnical catalysts (microbial cells, enzymes) or heterogenous chemical catalysts. Transformations to the following oxidised D‐glucose derivatives will be covered. Glucosone (2‐keto‐D‐glucose), 6‐aldehydo‐D‐glucose, D‐gluconic‐acid, D‐glucuronic acid, 2‐keto‐L‐gulonic acid, D‐glucaric acid, 2‐keto‐D‐gluconic acid, 5‐keto‐D‐gluconic acid, 2,5‐diketo‐D‐gluconic acid, L‐ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and koji acid. Some of these products are already produced on industrial scale, others show interesting potential to be used as intermediates for different industries and applications areas.
Role of Thrombospondin-1 in Control of von Willebrand Factor Multimer Size in Mice (2004)

Plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein from endothelial cells and platelets that mediates adhesion of platelets to sites of vascular injury. In the shear force of flowing blood, however, only the very large VWF multimers are effective in capturing platelets. The multimeric size of VWF can be controlled by proteolysis at the Tyr(842)-Met(843) peptide bond by ADAMTS13 or cleavage of the disulfide bonds that hold VWF multimers together by thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). The average multimer size of plasma VWF in TSP-1 null mice was significantly smaller than in wild type mice. In addition, the multimer size of VWF released from endothelium in vivo was reduced more rapidly in TSP-1 null mice than in wild type mice. TSP-1, like ADAMTS13, bound to the VWF A3 domain. TSP-1 in the wild type mice, therefore, may compete with ADAMTS13 for interaction with the A3 domain and slow the rate of VWF proteolysis. TSP-1 is stored in platelet alpha-granules and is released upon platelet activation. Significantly, platelet VWF multimer size was reduced upon lysis or activation of wild type murine platelets but not TSP-1 null platelets. This difference had functional consequences in that there was an increase in collagen- and VWF-mediated aggregation of the TSP-1 null platelets under both static and shear conditions. These findings indicate that TSP-1 influences plasma and platelet VWF multimeric size differently and may be more relevant for control of the VWF released from platelets.
Irinotecan hydrochloride for the treatment of recurrent and refractory non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (2002)

The results of the current study suggest the activity of irinotecan as salvage therapy for patients with recurrent and refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, the optimum dosing schedule remains to be determined.
Transcranial Ultrasound from Diagnosis to Early Stroke Treatment (2008)

Emergency assessment of intracranial arteries using portable duplex ultrasound devices is feasible shortly after arrival at the patient's site.
QoS Issues and Enhancements for IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (2002)

Quality of Service (QoS) is a key problem of today&amp;apos;s IP networks. Many frameworks (IntServ, DiServ, MPLS, Trac engineering, etc.) have been proposed to provide service dierentiation in the Internet. At the same time, the Internet is becoming more and more heterogeneous due to the recent explosion of wireless networks. In wireless environments, bandwidth is scarce and channel conditions are time-varying and sometimes highly lossy. Many previous research works show that what works well in a wired network cannot be directly applied in the wireless environment. IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) is the most widely used WLAN standard today, but it cannot provide QoS support for the increasing number of multimedia applications. Thus, a large number of 802.11 QoS enhancement schemes have been proposed, each one focusing on a particular mode. This report summarizes all these schemes and presents a survey of current research activities. First, we analyze the QoS limitations of IEEE 802.11 wireless MAC layers. Then, dierent QoS enhancement techniques proposed for 802.11 WLAN are described and classied along with their advantages/drawbacks. Finally, the upcoming IEEE 802.11e QoS enhancement standard is introduced and studied in detail.
Structural and Functional Characterization of Human CXCR4 as a Chemokine Receptor and HIV-1 Co-receptor by Mutagenesis and Molecular Modeling Studies (2001)

The human CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a receptor for the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1alpha) and a co-receptor for the entry of specific strains of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). CXCR4 is also recognized by an antagonistic chemokine, the viral macrophage inflammatory protein II (vMIP-II) encoded by human herpesvirus type VIII. SDF-1alpha or vMIP-II binding to CXCR4 can inhibit HIV-1 entry via this co-receptor. An approach combining protein structural modeling and site-directed mutagenesis was used to probe the structure-function relationship of CXCR4, and interactions with its ligands SDF-1alpha and vMIP-II and HIV-1 envelope protein gp120. Hypothetical three-dimensional structures were proposed by molecular modeling studies of the CXCR4.SDF-1alpha complex, which rationalize extensive biological information on the role of CXCR4 in its interactions with HIV-1 envelope protein gp120. With site-directed mutagenesis, we have identified that the amino acid residues Asp (D20A) and Tyr (Y21A) in the N-terminal domain and the residue Glu (E268A) in extracellular loop 3 (ECL3) are involved in ligand binding, whereas the mutation Y190A in extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) impairs the signaling mediated by SDF-1alpha. As an HIV-1 co-receptor, we found that the N-terminal domain, ECL2, and ECL3 of CXCR4 are involved in HIV-1 entry. These structural and mutational studies provide valuable information regarding the structural basis for CXCR4 activity in chemokine binding and HIV-1 viral entry, and could guide the design of novel targeted inhibitors.
Determination of Teflon thickness with laser speckle I Potential for burn depth diagnosis (1996)

A quantitative method for determining the depth of burn eschar would aid surgeons in determining whether to excise and subsequently graft a burn wound. We hypothesize that tissue viability could be assessed by an analysis of the spatial modulation of near-field laser speckle by flowing blood. A feasibility study of the technique was performed with two-layer tissue phantoms used to simulate a burn wound. A sheet of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was used to simulate nonperfused burn eschar, and tissue perfusion within deeper layers was represented by Brownian motion from a scattering solution. A low-power He-Ne laser was focused onto the target, and the resulting speckle image was captured with a CCD camera and stored on a computer for further processing. The diameter of the speckle pattern was found to be directly proportional to the thickness of the overlying layer. These data suggest that the thickness of PTFE can be determined to ±100-μm accuracy with 95% confidence and may be suitable for burn depth detection in vivo.
Novel multi-carrier implementation of FSK for bandwidth efficient, high performance wireless systems (2003)

In traditional BFSK, two distinct carrier frequencies are used to represent binary '1' and binary '0'. In this paper, we propose transmitting multiple, orthogonal, in-phase sub-carriers around two carrier frequencies to represent the binary information. We demonstrate that this technique is spectrally efficient when compared to traditional BFSK. Performance and data rate benefits are also demonstrated in both non-coherent and novel coherent reception techniques. Moreover, while traditional BFSK is not employed in channels that are frequency selective, we show that with coherent reception, the new FSK scheme can be used in frequency selective channels to exploit frequency diversity benefits.
A technique for designing robotic control systems based on Petri nets (1998)

Traditional techniques for designing the software of complex real-time control systems offer limited support for validating design before producing final code. The need of early validation of the design of control software is increasing, due to the growing complexity of the software components. This is especially the case of advanced robot controllers, due to the strict timing requirements of run time elaboration of information from exteroceptive sensors. The use of formal methods can increase the possibility of validating the design. This paper presents an approach for designing software for robotic controllers based on the use of a specialized notation formally defined by means of Petri nets (CONTROL NETS). The proposed notation is easy to use in the specific domain and it benefits from the validation techniques available for Petri nets. Benefits of CONTROL NETS, with respect to a traditional approach based on structured analysis techniques, are assessed through a case study.
Homocystinuria: biogenesis of cystathionine beta-synthase subunits in cultured fibroblasts and in an in vitro translation system programmed with fibroblast messenger RNA. (1984)

Rabbit antiserum raised against pure human hepatic cystathionine beta-synthase was used to precipitate synthase from extracts of radiolabeled cultured fibroblasts derived from 17 homocystinuric patients and two controls. Size analysis of the immunoprecipitates by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that 15 of the 17 synthase-deficient lines synthesized synthase subunits indistinguishable in size from the control (Mr = 63,000). One mutant fibroblast line, previously shown to lack catalytic activity and antigenically cross-reacting material, contained no immunoprecipitable product. Analyses of immunoprecipitated polypeptides synthesized in vitro by cell-free translation of mRNAs prepared from selected mutants confirmed and extended the results from cell extracts. This experimental approach also allowed us to determine the biochemical and genetic defect in a patient with barely detectable synthase subunits in cell extracts. His cultured fibroblasts and those of his father contained two mRNA species, separable by size, coding for equal amounts of two immunoprecipitable polypeptides: one of normal size (Mr = 63,000); the other approximately 7,000 daltons smaller (Mr = 56,000). His mother's fibroblasts made only the Mr = 63,000 species. We conclude that this patient is a compound heterozygote, and that one of his mutant alleles results in the synthesis of a synthase polypeptide missing about 60 amino acid residues.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND SOME TRANSFORMATIONS OF PERFLUOROALKOXY CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES (1979)

Abstract Durch anodische Kondensationen von Perfluoralkoxyfettsäuren mit Perfluordicarbonsäuremonomethylestern (in Gegenwart von Na‐methylat in Acetonitril‐Methanol; Pt‐Anode) werden z.B. die Ester (III) dargestellt; als Nebenprodukte fallen die Diester (IV) und Diether R′‐R′ an.
End Gas Inhomogeneity, Autoignition and Knock (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An advanced gas dynamic/chemistry interaction code, SPRINT2D, has been developed to simulate end gas autoignition and knock. This confirms that an earlier hypothesis of three distinct modes of autoignition was not an artefact of the previous numerical code. A comprehensive chemical kinetic scheme has predicted autoignition onset and demonstrated a mechanism for creating the end gas temperature gradients assumed in, as well as generated heat release rates for use in, SPRINT2D.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Using the combined modelling techniques, good matches between theoretical and experimental autoignition centre growth (at up to 750,000 frames/second), particle tracking and pressure development sequence at multiple transducer sites have been obtained for “thermal explosion” and “developing detonation” autoignition events.&lt;/div&gt;
Inhibition of Dengue Virus Serotypes 1 to 4 in Vero Cell Cultures with Morpholino Oligomers (2005)

Five dengue (DEN) virus-specific R5F2R4 peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (P4-PMOs) were evaluated for their ability to inhibit replication of DEN virus serotype 2 (DEN-2 virus) in mammalian cell culture. Initial growth curves of DEN-2 virus 16681 were obtained in Vero cells incubated with 20 microM P4-PMO compounds. At 6 days after infection, a P4-PMO targeting the 3'-terminal nucleotides of the DEN-2 virus genome and a random-sequence P4-PMO showed relatively little suppression of DEN-2 virus titer (0.1 and 0.9 log10, respectively). P4-PMOs targeting the AUG translation start site region of the single open reading frame and the 5' cyclization sequence region had moderate activity, generating 1.6- and 1.8-log10 reductions. Two P4-PMO compounds, 5'SL and 3'CS (targeting the 5'-terminal nucleotides and the 3' cyclization sequence region, respectively), were highly efficacious, each reducing the viral titer by greater than 5.7 log10 compared to controls at 6 days after infection with DEN-2 virus. Further experiments showed that 5'SL and 3'CS inhibited DEN-2 virus replication in a dose-dependent and sequence-specific manner. Treatment with 10 microM 3'CS reduced the titers of all four DEN virus serotypes, i.e., DEN-1 (strain 16007), DEN-2 (16681), DEN-3 (16562), and DEN-4 (1036) viruses by over 4 log10, in most cases to below detectable limits. The extent of 3'CS efficacy was affected by the timing of compound application in relation to viral infection of the cells. The 5'SL and 3'CS P4-PMOs did not suppress the replication of West Nile virus NY99 in Vero cells. These data indicate that further evaluation of the 5'SL and 3'CS compounds as potential DEN virus therapeutics is warranted.
Reciprocity of Steric and Stereoelectronic Effects in the Collagen Triple Helix (2006)

In previous work, we demonstrated that 4-fluoroproline residues can contribute greatly to the conformational stability of the collagen triple helix, and that this stability arises from stereoelectronic effects that fix the pucker of the pyrrolidine ring and thereby preorganize the backbone properly for triple-helix formation. Here, we take a reciprocal approach, demonstrating that the steric effect of a 4-methyl group confers stability similar to that from a 4-fluoro group in the opposite configuration. Such fundamental interplay between steric and stereoelectronic effects is heretofore unknown in proteins-natural or synthetic-and provides a new means to modulate conformational stability.
Long-period fiber grating sensors (2005)

Summary form only given. We propose novel long-period grating-based optical fiber sensors that possess high sensitivities and simple demodulation schemes, and can be easily configured for multiparameter measurements.
Association of the rs1346044 Polymorphism of the Werner Syndrome Gene RECQL2 with Increased Risk and Premature Onset of Breast Cancer (2015)

Like other RECQ helicases, WRN/RECQL2 plays a crucial role in DNA replication and the maintenance of genome stability. Inactivating mutations in RECQL2 lead to Werner syndrome, a rare autosomal disease associated with premature aging and an increased susceptibility to multiple cancer types. We analyzed the association of two coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms in WRN, Cys1367Arg (rs1346044), and Arg834Cys (rs3087425), with the risk, age at onset, and clinical subclasses of breast cancer in a hospital-based case-control study of an Austrian population of 272 breast cancer patients and 254 controls. Here we report that the rare homozygous CC genotype of rs1346044 was associated with an approximately two-fold elevated breast cancer risk. Moreover, patients with the CC genotype exhibited a significantly increased risk of developing breast cancer under the age of 55 in both recessive and log-additive genetic models. CC patients developed breast cancer at a mean age of 55.2 ± 13.3 years and TT patients at 60.2 ± 14.7 years. Consistently, the risk of breast cancer was increased in pre-menopausal patients in the recessive model. These findings suggest that the CC genotype of WRN rs1346044 may contribute to an increased risk and a premature onset of breast cancer.
Serum Levels of Lymphokines and Soluble Cellular Receptors in Primary Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (1992)

The immunopathology in primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections and in chronic fatigue syndrome was studied by examining serum levels of interleukins (IL) and of soluble T cell receptors in serum samples. Serum samples were from patients during and 6 months after primary EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis and from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and serologic evidence of EBV reactivation. Markers for T lymphocyte activation (soluble IL-2 and CD8) and for monocyte activation (neopterin) were significantly elevated during acute infectious mononucleosis but not in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Interferon-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 levels were not significantly increased in any patient group but inferferon-gamma levels were significantly increased during the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis. The levels of IL-1 alpha were significantly higher than in controls both in patients with infectious mononucleosis and in those with chronic fatigue syndrome. In the latter, the lack of most markers for lymphocyte activation found in patients with infectious mononucleosis makes it less likely that EBV reactivation causes symptoms.