gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Withdrawal: Salvianolic Acid B Protects SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells from 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-Induced Apoptosis (2010)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and activation of the apoptotic cascade. In the study, we investigated the effects of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-treated SH-SY5Y cells, a classic in vitro model for PD. We found Sal B inhibited the loss of cell viability by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The underlying mechanisms of Sal B action were further studied. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with MPP(+) caused a loss of cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential, condensation of nuclei, elevation in the level of reactive oxygen species (which was associated with cytochrome c release), an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio, and activation of caspase-3. Sal B ameliorated the MPP(+)-altered phenotypes. These results indicate that the Sal B protected SH-SY5Y cells against MPP(+)-induced apoptosis by relieving oxidative stress and modulating the apoptotic process. Our findings suggest that salvianolic acid B may be a promising agent to prevent PD.
Synthesis of a new mesoporous carbon and its application to electrochemical double-layer capacitors (1999)

A mesoporous carbon with regular three-dimensionally interconnected 2 nm pore arrays using AlMCM-48 as a template has been synthesised; the mesoporous carbon exhibited excellent performance as an electrochemical double layer capacitor.
Reconfigurable Linear Decompressors Using Symbolic Gaussian Elimination (2005)

A methodology for designing a reconfigurable linear decompressor is presented. A symbolic Gaussian elimination method to solve a constrained Boolean matrix is proposed and utilized for designing the reconfigurable network. The proposed scheme can be implemented in conjunction with any decompressor that has a combinational linear network. Using the given linear decompressor as a starting point, the proposed method improves the compression further. A nice feature of the proposed method is that it can be implemented with very little hardware overhead. Experimental results indicate that significant improvements can be achieved.
Nanopore Sequencing: From Imagination to Reality (2014)

DNA sequencing and hence genomics have been transformed over the last decade by the commercialization of inexpensive, massively parallel, short-read sequencing technology. Nonetheless, a new generation of single-molecule DNA sequencers, which uses nanopore technology, is initiating a further upheaval in genomics. These instruments are portable, capable of reads of >100 kb, cheap, and fast. Nanopore sequencing, a huge technical challenge, took >25 years to develop. Today's availability of a commercial nanopore sequencing device can be traced to the 1990s, when nucleic acid translocation through nanopores was first observed, stochastic sensing was developed, and the high-resolution structure of a protein nanopore was solved. The nanopore platform that has been developed is also capable of the single-molecule detection of a wide variety of additional analytes of medical interest, ranging from small molecules to posttranslationally modified proteins.

When my group began work on the α-hemolysin (αHL)2 pore in the 1980s (1), the possibility of nanopore sequencing was not on our agenda. Following the molecular characterization of the pore by pioneers including Sidney Harshman and Sucharit Bhakdi, we sought to investigate its mechanism of assembly. αHL is secreted by Staphylococcus aureus as a monomeric water-soluble 293–amino acid protein that forms an oligomeric pore in lipid bilayers. To us, this appeared to be a relatively simple system from which basic principles in membrane protein assembly might be learned. Over the years, this has indeed proved to be the case. In particular, the prepore concept, in which an oligomer forms on a membrane surface before penetrating the bilayer, has proved to be generally applicable to pore-forming proteins (2).

Nonetheless, in the late 1980s, we began to think about applications of protein pores in biotechnology. Our ideas included the incorporation of nanopores into filters for rapid purifications and separations, the permeabilization of cells both to …
Secretion of the vitamin K-dependent protein of bone by rat osteosarcoma cells. Evidence for an intracellular precursor. (1980)

Four clonal cell lines derived from a rat osteosarcoma were tested for the ability to secrete the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein of bone (BGP) using a specific radioimmunoassay for this protein. Two cell lines secreted BGP into culture media while the other two did not. Other investigators have shown that these two cell lines are also the only ones with the high parathyroid hormone responsiveness and alkaline phosphatase activity expected for osteoblast cells in culture. Both cell lines also form a mineralized sarcoma when implanted in rats. The BGP in culture media is identical in molecular weight and in electrophoretic mobility with the 5800-dalton BGP purified from rat bone. Thus, BGP is probably secreted by osteosarcoma cells directly and not derived from an extracellular precursor by proteolytic cleavage. There are two immunoreactive components within osteosarcoma cells which secrete BGP. One component is identical in molecular weight and electrophoretic mobility with BGP from rat bone. The other component has a higher molecular mass (approximately 9000 daltons) and about half the electrophoretic mobility of BGP from bone. The presence of both components within these cells raises the possibility that the larger component may be an intracellular precursor which is processed to BGP prior to secretion.
Genetic control ofAedesmosquitoes (2013)

Aedes mosquitoes include important vector species such as Aedes aegypti, the major vector of dengue. Genetic control methods are being developed for several of these species, stimulated by an urgent need owing to the poor effectiveness of current methods combined with an increase in chemical pesticide resistance. In this review we discuss the various genetic strategies that have been proposed, their present status, and future prospects. We focus particularly on those methods that are already being tested in the field, including RIDL and Wolbachia-based approaches.
Recent Developments in Our Understanding of the Physiological Role of PP-Fold Peptide Receptor Subtypes (2003)

The three peptides pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) share a similar structure known as the PP-fold. There are four known human G-protein coupled receptors for the PP-fold peptides, namely Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y5, each of them being able to bind at least two of the three endogenous ligands. All three peptides are found in the circulation acting as hormones. Although NPY is only released from neurons, PYY and PP are primarily found in endocrine cells in the gut, where they exert such effects as inhibition of gall bladder secretion, gut motility, and pancreatic secretion. However, when PYY is administered in an experimental setting to animals, cloned receptors, or tissue preparations, it can mimic the effects of NPY in essentially all studies, making it difficult to study the effects of PP-fold peptides and to delineate what receptor and peptide accounts for a particular effect. Initial studies with transgenic animals confirmed the well-established action of NPY on metabolism, food-intake, vascular systems, memory, mood, neuronal excitability, and reproduction. More recently, using transgenic techniques and novel antagonists for the Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptors, NPY has been found to be a key player in the regulation of ethanol consumption and neuronal development.
Production of Human Immunoglobulin E Antibody In Vitro (1979)

Abstract The discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) (1) has contributed significantly to the understanding of hypersensitivity reactions mediated by reaginic antibody (2) and has led to the development of new diagnostic procedures in the field of allergology (3, 4). Recent studies have demonstrated the production of IgE protein by peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro and have examined the kinetics and pharmacologic control of IgE biosynthesis (5, 6). The purpose of this communication is to describe our observation of in vitro production of IgE protein and antigen-specific IgE antibodies by peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from atopic and nonatopic individuals. A modification of the lymphocyte culture method of Waldmann et al. (7) was used in our studies. Blood, 60 ml, was obtained from 11 patients, eight of whom are atopic (geometric mean serum IgE, 247 ng/ml; range 61 to 1079) and three of whom are nonatopic (geometric mean serum IgE, 96 ng/ml; range 73 to 143).
Conclusion (1998)

Abstract This chapter draws together the themes of the case studies discussed in the previous chapters and presents a collection of related analytical observations. The first section provides the justifications in the selection of the topics covered in the book. Then the next two sections discuss the conclusions for the case studies in the previous chapters. The last section suggests better way of addressing secularization and includes a prediction of Wilson made in the 1960s. The prediction suggests that the diversification of society destroyed the dominance of religion and redistributed its functions. Religion could no longer serve as a source of social cohesion or of primary means. Religion becomes privatized and pushed to the margins and interstices of the social order. The final chapter concludes that modern democracies will always accord greater priority to keeping peace rather than to promoting a minority's vision of righteousness.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and extremely-low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields: A study in the SOD-1 transgenic mouse model (2009)

There is some evidence from epidemiological studies of an association between occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Our aim was to perform, for the first time, an animal study in a controlled magnetic environment. We used the SOD-1 mouse model to assess the possible effect of ELF magnetic fields on development of the disease. Seven mice per group were exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields at two intensities (100 and 1000 microT(rms)) before the onset of the clinical signs of ALS. Exposure lasted 7 weeks, and body weight, motor performance and life span were monitored. Our results did not reveal any evidence of a link between ELF exposure and ALS in this transgenic animal model.
Taming recognition errors with a multimodal interface (2000)

article Free Access Share on Taming recognition errors with a multimodal interface Author: Sharon Oviatt Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, Beaverton Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, BeavertonView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 43Issue 9Sept. 2000pp 45–51https://doi.org/10.1145/348941.348979Published:01 September 2000Publication History 145citation1,720DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations145Total Downloads1,720Last 12 Months124Last 6 weeks39 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Publisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Biologically active synthetic fragments of epidermal growth factor: localization of a major receptor-binding region. (1984)

A primary receptor-binding region of mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF) was identified by comparing the relative affinities of selected synthetic fragments with overlapping sequences in the EGF receptor-binding assay, using human foreskin fibroblasts. Only synthetic peptides containing the amino acid residues 20-31 in the mouse EGF sequence showed the ability to compete with 125I-labeled EGF in binding to EGF receptors. The affinities of the cyclic EGF fragment [Ala20]EGF-(14-31) and the linear [(S-acetamidomethyl)-Cys20,31]-EGF-(20-31) were approximately 1/10(4) of the affinity of EGF. Despite their reduced receptor affinities, these two peptides exhibited the in vitro biological activities of native EGF, while fragments from other regions of the EGF molecule were devoid of these biological properties. The peptides induced DNA synthesis in human foreskin fibroblasts as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. They also induced EGF receptor clustering and activated the EGF-sensitive kinase, enhancing the autophosphorylation of EGF receptors in a dose-related manner. Moreover, a major antigenic determinant of EGF for rabbit anti-EGF antibodies was identified within this same localized region of the EGF molecule by competition experiments utilizing the synthetic EGF fragments. The predominant EGF antigenic determinant(s) was also found within the fragment [(S-acetamidomethyl)Cys20,31]-EGF-(20-31). The accessibility of the residues in positions 20-31 for antibody recognition is consistent with the conclusion that these residues constitute or contain a major receptor-binding region for EGF.
Sequence-Level Knowledge Distillation (2016)

Neural machine translation (NMT) offers a novel alternative formulation of translation that is potentially simpler than statistical approaches. However to reach competitive performance, NMT models need to be exceedingly large. In this paper we consider applying knowledge distillation approaches (Bucila et al., 2006; Hinton et al., 2015) that have proven successful for reducing the size of neural models in other domains to the problem of NMT. We demonstrate that standard knowledge distillation applied to word-level prediction can be effective for NMT, and also introduce two novel sequence-level versions of knowledge distillation that further improve performance, and somewhat surprisingly, seem to eliminate the need for beam search (even when applied on the original teacher model). Our best student model runs 10 times faster than its state-of-the-art teacher with little loss in performance. It is also significantly better than a baseline model trained without knowledge distillation: by 4.2/1.7 BLEU with greedy decoding/beam search. Applying weight pruning on top of knowledge distillation results in a student model that has 13 times fewer parameters than the original teacher model, with a decrease of 0.4 BLEU.
A Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of Hemodialysis Access Recirculation An Update (1998)

The Crit-Line Model III (CRIT) was compared with the Transonics Hemodialysis Monitor (TRANS) with regard to its ability to measure access recirculation (AR). Patients were studied during routine dialysis before and after dialysis line reversal done to induce AR. A strong correlation between CRIT and TRANS AR measurements was obtained (r=0.95; p=0.000; n=58) and CRIT values were repeatable (normalized SD from mean 7.82%). The CRIT values were not identical to TRANS; at low AR values (< 20%) they overestimated, and at higher values they underestimated. Provided this is appreciated, CRIT AR values are clinically useful.
Concise Syntheses of the Novel 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-g]quinazoline Ring System and its [2,3-f] Angular Isomer (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTConcise Syntheses of the Novel 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-g]quinazoline Ring System and its [2,3-f] Angular IsomerH. D. Hollis Showalter, Li Sun, Anthony D. Sercel, R. Thomas Winters, William A. Denny, and Brian D. PalmerView Author Information Chemistry Department, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106-1047 and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Auckland School of Medicine, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3, 1155–1158Publication Date (Web):February 9, 1996Publication History Received2 October 1995Published online9 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo951790bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo951790bbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1239Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalytic reactions,Indoles,Molecular structure,Organic compounds,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
FORMATION AND ABSORPTION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN MAN (1968)

Journal Article FORMATION AND ABSORPTION OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN MAN Get access R. W. P. CUTLER, R. W. P. CUTLER From the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, and Children's Hospital Medical CenterBoston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. PAGE, L. PAGE From the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, and Children's Hospital Medical CenterBoston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. GALICICH, J. GALICICH From the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, and Children's Hospital Medical CenterBoston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. V. WATTERS G. V. WATTERS From the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, and Children's Hospital Medical CenterBoston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 91, Issue 4, December 1968, Pages 707–720, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/91.4.707 Published: 01 December 1968
Scheduler-based DRAM energy management (2002)

Previous work on DRAM power-mode management focused on hardware-based techniques and compiler-directed schemes to explicitly transition unused memory modules to low-power operating modes. While hardware-based techniques require extra logic to keep track of memory references and make decisions about future mode transitions, compiler-directed schemes can only work on a single application at a time and demand sophisticated program analysis support. In this work, we present an operating system (OS) based solution where the OS scheduler directs the power mode transitions by keeping track of module accesses for each process in the system. This global view combined with the flexibility of a software approach brings large energy savings at no extra hardware cost. Our implementation using a full-fledged OS shows that the proposed technique is also very robust when different system and workload parameters are modified, and provides the first set of experimental results for memory energy optimization with a multiprogrammed workload on a real platform. The proposed technique is applicable to both embedded systems and high-end computing platforms.
Distribution of deletions and seven point mutations on CYP21B genes in three clinical forms of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. (1991)

To characterize mutations in the CYP21B gene that are responsible for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), DNA samples from 91 French patients have been studied by allelic-specific oligonucleotide hybridization and Southern blot analysis. Seven sites mostly found in the CYP21A pseudogene and deletions of the functional CYP21B gene have been screened. Gene conversions involving small DNA segments accounted for 57% of the tested mutations and probably cause 74% of the mutations responsible for the disease. Complete deletion of the CYP21B gene accounted for 18% of the CAH mutations in the whole sample and for 21% in the classical form of the disease. Three mutations were found associated with specific clinical forms of the disease: a G-C substitution in the seventh exon was associated with the late-onset form of the disease, and both an 8-bp depletion in the third exon and complete deletion of CYP21B were associated with the salt-wasting form.
WebAssist: A User Profile Specific Information Retrieval Assistant. (1998)

Abstract Despite the ever increasing information available on the Internet today, finding accurate information for a specific topic becomes more and more difficult. This paper describes the concept of a proxy based information classification and filtering utility, named WebAssist. On the behalf of users a private view of the WWW is generated based on a previously determined profile. This profile is created by monitoring the user (and group) activities when browsing WWW pages. Additional features are integrated to allow for easy interoperability in workgroups with similar project interests, maintain personal and common hotlists with automatic modification checks and a sophisticated search engine front-end. The proxy architecture allows easy configurability using standard Web browsers and eliminates the necessity to install additional platform specific software.
The Dissociation Rate of Unlabelled Dopamine Antagonists and Agonists from the Dopamine-D2Receptor, Application of an Original Filter Method (1984)

A filtration technique was developed to measure the dissociation rate of unlabelled drugs from membrane receptors. Receptor preparations saturated with unlabelled drug were adsorbed to glass fibre filters positioned on a filtration apparatus. Dissociation of the drug from the receptor sites was achieved by repeatedly applying small buffer samples on the filter, this was followed by short incubation on the filter with a [3H]ligand. Rat striatal membrane preparations adsorbed on filters retained the same dopamine-D2 receptor binding properties as the tissue in aqueous suspension. Stereospecific [3H]haloperidol binding was maximal with 20 mg tissue per filter and 5 min incubation, KD = 2.8 nM and Bmax = 24 fmoles/mg tissue was found. The dissociation from the dopamine-D2 receptor for 18 dopamine antagonists and 3 agonists followed first order reaction kinetics. Half-lifes of dissociation ranged from 3.5 min for azaperone to 233 min for metitepine. There was no strict relationship between dissociation half-life and apparent equilibrium binding affinity or lipophilicity of the drugs. Half-life of receptor dissociation appeared neither to be a primary determining factor in the duration of pharmacological action of the drugs. The importance of the drug receptor dissociation rate for binding experiments in vitro as well as for chronic drug treatment is discussed.
Targeting both IGF-1R and mTOR synergistically inhibits growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro (2013)

Both Hex-hR1 and 1R-2b proved to be more potent than parental hR1 in inhibiting growth of RCC in vitro. Synergy was achieved when each of the three hR1-based agents was combined with temsirolimus, suggesting a new approach for treating RCC.