gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Radiosensitization of the Hypoxic Cells of Mouse Tumors with the Nitroimidazoles Metronidazole and Ro 7-0582 (1975)

BROWN, J. M. Selective Radiosensitization of the Hypoxic Cells of Mouse Tumors with the Nitroimidazoles Metronidazole and Ro 7-0582. Radiat. Res. 64, 633-647 (1975). A study was made of the effect of two nitroimidazoles, metronidazole and the Roche product Ro 7-0582, on the radiosensitivity of the EMT6 mouse tumor. Both drugs at the high concentration of 1.0 and 1.2 mg/g (metronidazole and Ro 7-0582, respectively) reduced the slope of the resistant portion of the tumor cell survival curve. The radiosensitization was maximum at 30 min after intraperitoneal injection, and was gradually lost during the next 6 hr. Experiments performed to determine the degree of radiosensitization as a function of amount of Ro 7-0582 injected showed near-maximum radiosensitization of the hypoxic cells (as judged by the slope change of the resistant portion of the cell survival curve) at concentrations above 0.1 mg/g. At these concentrations dose modification factors for the hypoxic tumor cells (DMF's) of approximately 2.5 were obtained. A tumor control study with the MDAH/MCa4 mammary carcinoma confirmed both the high DMF (=2.3) at high Ro 7-0582 concentration, and the lack of a large reduction in the DMF (> 1.8) when the concentration was reduced to 0.3 mg/g. There was some cytotoxicity at the high drug doses. Concentrations of Ro 7-0582 of both 0.3 and 1.0 mg/g radiosensitized the normal skin at doses of 3000 rad and above, presumably due to lack of full oxygenation of this tissue.
The Role of the Extracellular Domain in the Biology of the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (2005)

The Coxsackievirus B and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) plays a dual role as a homotypic junctional adhesion protein and as a viral receptor. CAR is a transmembrane protein and a member of the Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily with two extracellular Ig-like domains. The most distal Ig-like domain (D1) mediates the homophilic interaction and is also responsible for the high-affinity binding of the adenovirus (Ad) fiber protein. Currently, no activity has been ascribed to the proximal Ig-like domain (D2). To further understand the function of the extracellular domain in the biological activities of CAR, we created extracellular deletion mutants and evaluated cellular localization, adhesion, and viral infection. Deletion of any segment of the extracellular domain results in loss of adhesion and mislocalization as explained by a model, termed "diffusion trapping," that suggests adhesion is the driving force in junctional localization. Loss of junctional localization and adhesion was particularly apparent in polarized human airway epithelia, where mutant CAR expression was basolateral but not limited to the lateral junctions between cells. Surprisingly, the D2 domain was required for adenovirus fiber-knob binding and infection. In summary, the entire extracellular domain of CAR is of vital importance to the biology of this highly conserved and important protein.
Pulsed Electrodeposition of Iron‐Nickel Alloys (1990)

The effects of dc, pulse, and pulse reverse current waveforms on deposition of Fe‐Ni alloys have been studied in unagitated solutions and with a rotating cylindrical electrode. A nickel sulfamate/ferrous chloride electrolyte system at pH 2 with additives was used. Pulse plating resulted in an increase in iron content of deposits, especially at current densities less than 2 A/dm2. Pulse reverse plating led to a decrease in anomalous deposition at low current densities. Rotating cylindrical electrodes indicated significant mass transfer effects at high current densities. During pulse reverse plating an increase in anodic pulse magnitude decreased anomalous deposition; pulse frequency had its greatest effect in reducing anomalous deposition between 100 and 300 Hz.
Intraocular Lenses Should Block UV Radiation and Violet but Not Blue Light (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Ophthalmology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Ophthalmology journal
Synthesis of the Thieno [3,2-b]pyrrole System (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the Thieno [3,2-b]pyrrole SystemH. R. Snyder, L. A. Carpino, J. F. Zack Jr., and J. F. MillsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 10, 2556–2559Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01567a053RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views408Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (557 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Diagnosis of Group A Streptococcal Necrotizing Fasciitis by Using PCR To Amplify the Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin B Gene (1998)

This study evaluated a PCR assay for detection of the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (speB) gene from tissue biopsy specimens of patients with necrotizing fasciitis. speB was detected in specimens from all 10 patients with necrotizing fasciitis due to group A streptococcus. The assay was negative for all 11 patients without culture or serologic evidence of streptococcal infection. These results suggest that the detection of speB by PCR may be useful for confirming group A streptococcal infection when cultures are negative or not available.
Nucleotide sequence of the complementary DNA encoding equine clusterina (1996)

Abstract Two complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding equine clusterin were isolated from a stallion testis cDNA library. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the longer, near‐full length clone revealed a 1670 base pair (bp) fragment that contained 74 nucleotides of the 5’ untranslated region (UTR), an open reading frame of 1350 bp that encodes a 21 amino acid (aa) leader polypeptide segment as well as a 429 aa mature equine clusterin protein, and a 3’ UTR that is 225 bp long followed by a 21 bp polyadenylation signal. The equine clusterin nucleotide sequence is approximately 80% similar to other mammalian clusterins which have been cloned and sequenced. Northern blot analysis showed an approximate 1.8 kb equine testicular and epididymal mRNA transcript that hybridized to the equine cDNA probe. Differential expression of the equine clusterin transcript occurred between epididymal segments. Notes Sequence data appear in the EMBL/Genbank nucleotide sequence data bases under accession number L46797.
The Est1 Subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Telomerase Makes Multiple Contributions to Telomere Length Maintenance (2002)

The telomerase-associated Est1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediates enzyme access by bridging the interaction between the catalytic core of telomerase and the telomere-binding protein Cdc13. In addition to recruiting telomerase, Est1 may act as a positive regulator of telomerase once the enzyme has been brought to the telomere, as previously suggested by the inability of a Cdc13-Est2 fusion protein to promote extensive telomere elongation in an est1-Delta strain. We report here three classes of mutant Est1 proteins that retain association with the telomerase enzyme but confer different in vivo consequences. Class 1 mutants display a telomere replication defect but are capable of promoting extensive telomere elongation in the presence of a Cdc13-Est2 fusion protein, consistent with a defect in telomerase recruitment. Class 2 mutants fail to elongate telomeres even in the presence of the Cdc13-Est2 fusion, which is the phenotype predicted for a defect in the proposed second regulatory function of EST1. A third class of mutants impairs an activity of Est1 that is potentially required for the Ku-mediated pathway of telomere length maintenance. The isolation of mutations that perturb separate functions of Est1 demonstrates that a telomerase holoenzyme subunit can contribute multiple regulatory roles to telomere length maintenance.
Sensorless oil drowned pump drive (2005)

This work presents the digitally controlled sensorless drive applied to a drowned pump. The developed drive provides the high function quality and high reliability. The drive architecture from the reliability viewpoint is described and analyzed. The new control and estimation algorithms that have been used are briefly presented. The construction of the used voltage source inverter and control is examined. The results of the drive simulation, confirming high dynamic accuracy and in addition simplification of the digital control and reduction of the required controller computing capacity are presented.
Defense Transformation à la française and U.S. Interests (2008)

plans to consolidate basing structures and downsize the armed forces—has sparked serious criticism. Influential figures across the political spectrum have suggested, in effect, that the reforms will widen the gap between France’s defense and foreign policy ambitions and its limited capabilities. At stake is more than the shape of France’s defense establishment. French policies, capabilities, and overseas commitments help to shape those of its European partners. Moreover, French influence remains consequential in regions beyond Europe, including parts of Africa. Thus, while the United States has limited ability to influence the French defense transformation, it has an important interest in the outcome.
Mast cells and angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma (2010)

Previous studies have shown that increased vascularity is associated with haematogenous metastasis and poor prognosis in gastric cancer. The role of mast cells in gastric cancer angiogenesis has not been clarified completely. In this study, we correlated microvascular density and tryptase- and chymase-positive mast cells with histopathological type in gastric cancer. Specimens of primary gastric adenocarcinomas obtained from 30 patients who had undergone curative gastrectomy were investigated immunohistochemically by using anti-CD31 antibody to stain endothelial cells and anti-tryptase and anti-chymase antibodies to stain mast cells. The results showed that stage IV gastric carcinoma has a higher degree of vascularization than other stages and that both tryptase- and chymase-positive mast cells increase in parallel with malignancy grade even if the density of chymase-positive mast cells was significantly lower than the density of tryptase-positive mast cells and is highly correlated with the extent of angiogenesis. This study has demonstrated that mast cell density correlates with angiogenesis and progression of patients with gastric carcinoma. Understanding the mechanisms of gastric cancer angiogenesis provides a basis for a rational approach to the development of an antiangiogenic therapy in patients with this malignancy.
Prognostic significance of BCL-2 expression and bcl-2 major breakpoint region rearrangement in diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a British National Lymphoma Investigation Study (1996)

The Bcl-2 protein is capable of preventing apoptosis, and in vitro evidence suggests a role in drug resistance. It is expressed and the gene is rearranged in a proportion of cases of large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), but the clinical significance of these findings is controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of both Bcl-2 expression and major breakpoint region (MBR) bcl-2 rearrangement in a large cohort of prospectively accrued patients with intermediate-grade B-cell NHL treated in a standardized manner. All patients with Working Formulation F, G, or H NHL treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy in British National Lymphoma investigation studies between July 1974 and April 1992 were considered for this study if the appropriate paraffin blocks were available. Paraffin sections from the diagnostic specimen were analyzed for evidence of MBR rearrangement using a polymerase chain reaction-based method, and for Bcl-2 expression using immunohistochemistry. Failure to achieve complete remission (CR), relapse, death from NHL, and deaths from all causes were used as end points to measure CR rate, actuarial relapse rate, actuarial survival from NHL, and actuarial overall survival. One hundred sixty-one suitable patients were identified and tested for the bcl-2 MBR translocation, with 27 (17%) found to be positive; 153 of these patients were tested with immunocytochemistry, and 84 (55%) showed evidence of Bcl-2 expression. For patients who achieved CR from the initial treatment, the relapse rate was significantly higher in those with Bcl-2 expression than in those without. In addition, multivariate analysis identified Bcl-2 expression as the only factor significantly related to relapse rate in the subjects measured. The cause-specific survival for NHL in the series as a whole was significantly lower in patients with Bcl-2 expression than in those without. MBR status had no significant influence on any of the outcome measures, but the number of MBR-positive patients was relatively small, and larger studies are required. In conclusion, in Working Formulation F, G, and H NHL of B-cell type, expression of Bcl-2 protein predicted independently for relapse.
DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers (1990)

Molecular genetic maps are commonly constructed by analyzing the segregation of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) among the progeny of a sexual cross. Here we describe a new DNA polymorphism assay based on the amplification of random DNA segments with single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence. These polymorphisms, simply detected as DNA segments which amplify from one parent but not the other, are inherited in a Mendelian fashion and can be used to construct genetic maps in a variety of species. We suggest that these polymorphisms be called RAPD markers, after Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA.
Contraceptive potential of antibodies to the zona pellucida (1988)

The notion of a contraceptive vaccine based on gamete-specific surface antigens was first proposed over a decade ago, as the result of in-vitro and in-vivo studies, and in recent years has been the subject of intensive research. In particular, the zona pellucida has attracted much attention as a potential target for immunological intervention in the fertilization process. Such is the rapidly-expanding nature of research into the biochemical and biological characterization of this structure, that a review of the implications for the development of a contraceptive vaccine seems timely.
Localized cell stimulation by nitric oxide using a photoactive porous coordination polymer platform (2013)

Functional cellular substrates for localized cell stimulation by small molecules provide an opportunity to control and monitor cell signalling networks chemically in time and space. However, despite improvements in the controlled delivery of bioactive compounds, the precise localization of gaseous biomolecules at the single-cell level remains challenging. Here we target nitric oxide, a crucial signalling molecule with site-specific and concentration-dependent activities, and we report a synthetic strategy for developing spatiotemporally controllable nitric oxide-releasing platforms based on photoactive porous coordination polymers. By organizing molecules with poor reactivity into polymer structures, we observe increased photoreactivity and adjustable release using light irradiation. We embed photoactive polymer crystals in a biocompatible matrix and achieve precisely controlled nitric oxide delivery at the cellular level via localized two-photon laser activation. The biological relevance of the exogenous nitric oxide produced by this strategy is evidenced by an intracellular change in calcium concentration, mediated by nitric oxide-responsive plasma membrane channel proteins.
Transfusion of Buffy Coat‐Poor Red Cell Suspensions Prepared by Dextran Sedimentation: Description of Newly Designed Equipment and Evaluation of Its Use (1962)

Modified equipment is described for use in preparation of buffy coat‐poor red cell suspensions by the dextran sedimentation procedure. The chief advantages over previously available equipment are: (a) Minimized contamination hazard, (b) Administration of the final red cell suspension from the original blood container, thereby assuring maintenance of correct donor identification. Experience with the modified equipment in preparation of 70 units of buffy coat‐poor red cells for transfusion is described. Experience with transfusion of 297 units of buffy coat‐poor red cell suspensions at Barnes Hospital during the past five years is briefly reviewed.
Variable Tandem Repeats Accelerate Evolution of Coding and Regulatory Sequences (2010)

Genotype-to-phenotype mapping commonly focuses on two major classes of mutations: single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variation (CNV). Here, we discuss an underestimated third class of genotypic variation: changes in microsatellite and minisatellite repeats. Such tandem repeats (TRs) are ubiquitous, unstable genomic elements that have historically been designated as nonfunctional "junk DNA" and are therefore mostly ignored in comparative genomics. However, as many as 10% to 20% of eukaryotic genes and promoters contain an unstable repeat tract. Mutations in these repeats often have fascinating phenotypic consequences. For example, changes in unstable repeats located in or near human genes can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington disease. Apart from their role in disease, variable repeats also confer useful phenotypic variability, including cell surface variability, plasticity in skeletal morphology, and tuning of the circadian rhythm. As such, TRs combine characteristics of genetic and epigenetic changes that may facilitate organismal evolvability.
A rhesus macaque model of Asia lineage Zika virus infection (2016)

Infection with Asian lineage Zika virus has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome and fetal abnormalities 1–4 , but the mechanisms and risk factors for these outcomes remain unknown. Here we show that rhesus macaques are susceptible to infection by an Asian-lineage virus closely related to strains currently circulating in the Americas. Following subcutaneous inoculation, Zika virus RNA was detected in plasma one day post-infection (dpi) in all animals (N = 8, including 2 animals infected during the first trimester of pregnancy). Plasma viral loads peaked above 1 × 10 5 viral RNA copies/mL in seven of eight animals. Viral RNA was also present in saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), consistent with case reports from infected humans. Viral RNA was cleared from plasma and urine by 21 dpi in non-pregnant animals. In contrast, both pregnant animals remained viremic longer, up to 57 days. In all animals, infection was associated with transient increases in proliferating natural killer cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and plasmablasts. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in all animals by 21 dpi. Rechallenge of three non-pregnant animals with the Asian-lineage Zika virus 10 weeks after the initial challenge resulted in no detectable virus replication, suggesting that primary Zika virus infection elicits protective immunity against homologous virus strains. These data establish that Asian-lineage Zika virus infection of rhesus macaques provides a relevant animal model for studying pathogenesis in pregnant and non-pregnant individuals and evaluating potential interventions against human infection, including during pregnancy.
Nanoscopic structure of DNA condensed for gene delivery (1997)

Scanning force microscopy was used to examine DNA condensates prepared with varying stoichiometries of lipospermine or polyethylenimine in physiological solution. For the first time, individual DNA strands were clearly visualized in incomplete condensates without drying. Using lipospermine at sub-saturating concentrations, discrete nuclei of condensation were observed often surrounded by folded loops of DNA. Similar packing of DNA loops occurred for polyethylenimine-induced condensation. Increasing the amount of the condensing agent led to the progressive coalescence or aggregation of initial condensation nuclei through folding rather than winding the DNA. At over-saturating charge ratios of the cationic lipid or polymer to DNA, condensates had sizes smaller than or equal to those measured previously in electron micrographs. Polyethylenimine condensates were more compact than lipospermine condensates and both produced more homogeneously compacted plasmids when used in a 2-4-fold charge excess. The size and morphology of the condensates may affect their efficiency in transfection.
PCR 2 : a practical approach (1991)

Optimizing PCR Use of specialty phosphoramidites in PCR Chemical methods for 5' non-isotopic labelling of PCR probes and primers Solid-phase PCR Solid-phase sequencing of PCR products cDNA cloning by RT - PCR Quantification of DNA and RNA by PCR PCR MIMICS: competitive DNA fragments for use in quantitative PCR In vitro expression of proteins from PCR products PCR-based approaches to human genome mapping Fingerprinting of DNA and RNA using arbitrarily primed PCR Mutational analysis Mutational analysis: new mutations Linear amplification for the in vitro study of ligand/DNA interactions Ligand-mediated PCR.
Bearing fault detection for direct-drive wind turbines via stator current spectrum analysis (2011)

Bearing faults constitute a significant portion of all faults in wind turbine generators (WTGs). Current-based bearing fault detection has significant advantages over traditional vibration-based methods in terms of cost, implementation, and system reliability. This paper proposes a method based on stator current power spectral density (PSD) analysis for bearing fault detection of direct-drive WTGs. In the proposed method, appropriate interpolation/up-sampling and down-sampling algorithms are designed to convert the variable fundamental frequency of the stator current to a fixed frequency according to the estimated fundamental speed of the WTG. Consequently, the characteristic frequencies of bearing faults can be clearly identified form the resulting stator current PSD. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect bearing outer-race and inner-race defects for a direct-drive WTG.