gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A System for Labeling Self-Repairs in Speech (1993)

This document outlines a system for labeling self-repairs in spontaneous speech. The system marks the location and extent of a repair, as well as relevant words in the region of the repair. Together these labels determine the relationship between the "error" and the hypothesized "correction." The system is designed to be able to capture distinctions among different repair patterns while remaining easy to learn, apply, and integrate into existing transcription formats. Although the system was originally developed to aid our research on automatic detection and correction of repairs, we hope that it may also prove useful for annotation of spontaneous speech data in related fields. By "self-repairs" we refer to cases in which one or more words (or word fragments) must be disregarded in determining a speaker's "intended" utterance. Although one can never be sure exactly what a speaker intends, listeners can often reliably make such judgments.
Increased coronary‐artery atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis: Relationship to disease duration and cardiovascular risk factors (2005)

The prevalence and severity of coronary calcification is increased in patients with established RA and is related, in part, to smoking and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
In vitro study on capsule formulations of omeprazole containing enteric coated granules. (2003)

Omeprazole is a unique and effective agent for suppression of gastric acid secretion. It promises to be especially useful in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (1) and in other patients who have failed to respond to H2 antagonist therapy. The dose requirement for zollinger-ellison syndrome (ZES) disease is upto 180 mg per day. The drug omeprazole shows biological half life of 2-3 hours. (2) Considering its proven therapeutic efficacy for ZES disease, this study is attempted to formulate sustained release capsule containing enteric coated granules. For formulating sustained release drug delivery system immediate release dose (IR) is calculated as 10 mg of drug and sustained release dose (SR) is taken as 50 mg. (3) The polymers used for retarding the release are Ethyl Cellulose (EC) and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC). Solvent evaporation technique is followed to prepare sustained release granules. Granules are finally coated with enteric coating of Suteric (Polyvinly acetate phthalate, PVAP). Thus the eight capsule formulations are prepared and formulation found very close to theoretical sustained release (TSR) according to in vitro study (4) is subjected to stability studies. Results show that product should be stored at room temperature or below ambient temperature.
A Custom Mandibular Distraction Device for the Rat (2002)

In the last several years, the rat model has been used as a reliable means of studying distraction osteogenesis (DO). This model has several benefits, including lower cost, the availability of molecular reagents for the rat, and the ability to perform a large number of operations in a short time. We have recently developed an external device that is custom-made for the rat mandible and secured at the mandibular ramus. The device consists of a Leone (Florence, Italy) jackscrew distraction assembly (0.2 mm per one-quarter turn), 2 Luhr L-shaped 0.8-mm five-hole microplates, and four 0.8-mm x 3-mm microscrews (Stryker-Leibinger Corp., Kalamazoo, MI) for fixation. Additionally, there is a methylmethacrylate block that is placed on the lingual surface of the angle of the mandible to support the posterior screws. Sterile surgical technique was used, and the same two surgeons performed all operations. To date, we have operated on 153 Sprague-Dawley rats. The procedure has been well tolerated by the animals. We had 17 postoperative deaths (11% mortality), largely as a result of anesthetic complications. There were no wound infections or dehiscence. A mandible fracture was noted in 6 rats (4%), which occurred at the time of device placement. There were no device dislodgments. Postmortem examination showed the device to be well positioned in all rats, with good callous formation at the distraction site. The rats surpassed their preoperative weight after an average of 9.2 days. These results compare favorably with those of other models currently in use. We have developed a device that is currently being used in the study of DO in the rat mandible. Our device is small in size, does not require wide undermining for its placement, and has had a low incidence of device dislodgment or infection. This model has shown great reproducibility and thus should be effective in its application for the histologic and biochemical investigation of DO in the rat.
v-Src phosphorylation of connexin 43 on Tyr247 and Tyr265 disrupts gap junctional communication (2001)

The mechanism by which v-Src disrupts connexin (Cx)43 intercellular gap junctional communication (GJC) is not clear. In this study, we determined that Tyr247 (Y247) and the previously identified Tyr265 (Y265) site of Cx43 were the primary phosphorylation targets for activated Src in vitro. We established an in vivo experimental system by stably expressing v-Src and wild-type (wt) Cx43, or Y247F, Y265F, or Y247F/Y265F Cx43 mutants in a Cx43 knockout mouse cell line. Wt and mutant Cx43 localized to the plasma membrane in the absence or presence of v-Src. When coexpressed with v-Src, the Y247F, Y265F, and Y247F/Y265F Cx43 mutants exhibited significantly reduced levels of tyrosine phosphorylation compared with wt Cx43, indicating that Y247 and Y265 were phosphorylation targets of v-Src in vivo. Most importantly, GJC established by the Y247F, Y265F, and Y247F/Y265F Cx43 mutants was resistant to disruption by v-Src. Furthermore, we did not find evidence for a role for mitogen-activated protein kinase in mediating the disruption of GJC by v-Src. We conclude that phosphorylation on Y247 and Y265 of Cx43 is responsible for disrupting GJC in these mammalian cells expressing v-Src.
Somatic cell hybrid analyses of hematopoietic differentiation (1981)

Abstract A differentiated cell expresses an entire set of specialized features. Somatic cell hybridization provides a method to examine control of gene regulation. We studied the expression of tissue-specific features in hybrids between human promyelocytes (HL-60) and human Burkitt's lymphoma cells (P3HR-1). Two hybrid lines, HP-1 and HP-2, and 18 hybrid clones were established and confirmed by karyotype, isozyme, and surface antigen analyses. The hybrids extinguished the 10 myeloid (HL- 60) features that we examined including myeloid morphology, histochemistry, and functions that included response to colony- stimulating factor and ability to differentiate to granulocytes or macrophages. In contrast, the hybrids synthesized immunoglobulin and expressed Epstein-Barr nuclear, early, and viral capsid antigens similar to the P3HR-1 lymphoid parental line. Results are contrasted to the findings when P3HR-1 lymphocytes are fused to human erythroid- myeloid cells (K562). Taken together, our results suggest that phenotypic differences between human myeloid and lymphoid cells in the hematopoietic lineage involve mutually exclusive programs and may possibly be mediated by the activity of diffusible, transacting molecules.
Comprehensive Structure-Function Analysis of the Core Domain of Human Telomerase RNA (2003)

Telomerase is a cellular reverse transcriptase that uses part of its integral RNA (called TER) as the template to synthesize telomeric DNA repeats. Vertebrate TERs are thought to share a conserved, highly structured core domain that includes the templating sequence and a pseudoknot, but not all features of the predicted core structure have been verified directly or shown to affect telomerase enzymatic activity. Here, we report a systematic mutational analysis of the core domain (residues 1 to 210) of human telomerase RNA (hTER). Our data confirm that optimal hTER activity requires the integrity of four short helices (P2a.1, P2a, P2b, and P3) which create the proposed pseudoknot and that features of both the primary sequence and secondary structure in P2b and P3 contribute to optimal function. At least part of the long-range P1 pairing is also required, despite the lack of a known P1 counterpart in rodent TERs. Among the predicted single-stranded regions, we found that J2b/3, portions of J2a/3, and residues in and around the template make sequence-specific contributions to telomerase function. Additionally, we provide evidence that naturally occurring hTER sequence polymorphisms found in some patients with aplastic anemia can inhibit telomerase activity by disrupting critical structures within the hTER core domain.
Glucagon and ureteric calculi (1986)

Glucagon may act as a relaxant of smooth muscle and it has been suggested that this action may assist in the passage of ureteric calculi and diminish ureteric colic. These effects may be of clinical use to avoid inpatient admission to hospital for the symptomatic relief of ureteric colic. Ten successive patients with acute ureteric colic were given 1 mg of glucagon and two litres of fluid administered by the intravenous route and analgesia as required over three hours. Progress was monitored radiologically and clinically. In no case did significant progression or passage of stones occur and seven patients required parenteral analgesia. We conclude that glucagon is not effective for the management of ureteric colic in a casualty department.
Quantum confinement observed in ultrafine ZnO and ZnO/Zn/ sub 0.8/Mg/sub 0.2/O coaxial nanorod heterostructures (2005)

We report on the fabrication and photoluminescent (PL) properties of ultrafine ZnO nanorods and ZnO/Zn/sub 0.8/Mg/sub 0.2/O coaxial nanorod heterostructures. Employing catalyst-free metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy, ultrafine ZnO nanorods with very thin diameters below 10 nm were prepared and subsequently coaxial nanorod heterostructures were fabricated by epitaxial growth of Zn/sub 0.8/Mg/sub 0.2/O layers on the whole surfaces of the ZnO nanorods. From PL spectra of ultrafine ZnO nanorods, a systematic blue-shift in their PL peak position with decreasing their diameter was observed, which is mainly due to the quantum confinement effect along the radial direction in ZnO nanorods. Furthermore, the ZnO/Zn/sub 0.8/Mg/sub 0.2/O coaxial nanorod heterostructures exhibited significantly increased PL intensity.
Chimeric Yellow Fever Virus 17D-Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine: Dose-Response Effectiveness and Extended Safety Testing in Rhesus Monkeys (2000)

ChimeriVax-JE is a live, attenuated recombinant virus prepared by replacing the genes encoding two structural proteins (prM and E) of yellow fever 17D virus with the corresponding genes of an attenuated strain of Japanese encephalitis virus (JE), SA14-14-2 (T. J. Chambers et al., J. Virol. 73:3095-3101, 1999). Since the prM and E proteins contain antigens conferring protective humoral and cellular immunity, the immune response to vaccination is directed principally at JE. The prM-E genome sequence of the ChimeriVax-JE in diploid fetal rhesus lung cells (FRhL, a substrate acceptable for human vaccines) was identical to that of JE SA14-14-2 vaccine and differed from sequences of virulent wild-type strains (SA14 and Nakayama) at six amino acid residues in the envelope gene (E107, E138, E176, E279, E315, and E439). ChimeriVax-JE was fully attenuated for weaned mice inoculated by the intracerebral (i.c.) route, whereas commercial yellow fever 17D vaccine (YF-Vax) caused lethal encephalitis with a 50% lethal dose of 1.67 log(10) PFU. Groups of four rhesus monkeys were inoculated by the subcutaneous route with 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5. 0 log(10) PFU of ChimeriVax-JE. All 16 monkeys developed low viremias (mean peak viremia, 1.7 to 2.1 log(10) PFU/ml; mean duration, 1.8 to 2.3 days). Neutralizing antibodies appeared between days 6 and 10; by day 30, neutralizing antibody responses were similar across dose groups. Neutralizing antibody titers to the homologous (vaccine) strain were higher than to the heterologous wild-type JE strains. All immunized monkeys and sham-immunized controls were challenged i.c. on day 54 with 5.2 log(10) PFU of wild-type JE. None of the immunized monkeys developed viremia or illness and had mild residual brain lesions, whereas controls developed viremia, clinical encephalitis, and severe histopathologic lesions. Immunized monkeys developed significant (>/=4-fold) increases in serum and cerebrospinal fluid neutralizing antibodies after i.c. challenge. In a standardized test for neurovirulence, ChimeriVax-JE and YF-Vax were compared in groups of 10 monkeys inoculated i.c. and analyzed histopathologically on day 30. Lesion scores in brains and spinal cord were significantly higher for monkeys inoculated with YF-Vax. ChimeriVax-JE meets preclinical safety and efficacy requirements for a human vaccine; it appears safer than yellow fever 17D vaccine but has a similar profile of immunogenicity and protective efficacy.
국가 권력과 공간: 북한의 수도계획 (2015)

The purpose of this study is to examine the capital planning of Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea. North Korea is “Theatre State”, Pyongyang serves as its main stage. After the Korean War, North Korea focused on building up its capital, Pyongyang, in order to reinforce state power and strengthen the power of ruling class. They tried to differentiate Pyongyang from other cities and fortify its status as the nation`s capital by construction huge architectures and conducting large scale national ceremonies. As North Korea is in the process of passing down the ruling power to Kim Jong-un, the third generation of the Kim dynasty, it is likely that Pyongyang may once again be embellished as the main political stage.
Prostate cancer. (1994)

Trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality are examined for men in England, Italy, Japan, Sweden and the USA. Incidence rose during the period 1968-1972 to 1983-1987 in all these populations. A substantial portion of this increase may be due to increased detection rates. However, mortality also has risen during this period in most of the populations. Although some of the increased mortality may be due to changes in death certification, the possibility of real increases in incidence of aggressive disease cannot be excluded. Large international and interethnic differences are evident for both incidence and mortality, in all time periods. Interpretation of the differences in incidence is complicated by international and interethnic differences in detection rates. The differences in mortality are unlikely to be due entirely to differences in death certification. The temporal rise in incidence demonstrated by all these populations suggests worldwide increases in health care costs for prostate cancer. Since a large part of the increased incidence seems to be due to increased detection rates of localized disease that would otherwise have remained asymptomatic, the increased costs may not be associated with concomitant reductions in morbidity and mortality.
IMPROVED QUALITY OF PACKED CELLS (1977)

Improved viability, quality, oxygen delivery capacity and metabolic activity of packed cells was obtained when blood was collected into (CP2D) citrate-phosphate anticoagulant with extra dextrose and, after separation of plasma, stored in an adenine-enhanced electrolyte solution. The system has been incorporated into clinical transfusion practice.
Getting started with GEO, CouchDB & Node.js (2011)

Today's mobile devices have GPS and standard APIs to give you access to coordinates - but what can you do with that data? With this concise book, application developers learn how to work with location data quickly and easily, using Node.js, CouchDB, and other open source tools and libraries. Node.js makes it simple to run event code on the Web, and the CouchDB document-oriented database lets you store location data and perform complex queries on it quickly. You'll learn how to get started with these tools, and then use them together to build an example project called MapChat, using HTML and JavaScript code samples. * Learn how to serve dynamic content with Node.js, and use its asynchronous IO to handle several requests at once * Become familiar with GeoJSON, Geohash, and the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) for working with spatial data * Build geospatial indexes using the GeoCouch branch of CouchDB * Combine these tools to build a project that lets users post real-time chat messages tagged with their current map location
The Impact-Echo Method: An Overview (2001)

The impact-echo method is a technique for flaw detection in concrete. It is based on monitoring the surface motion resulting from a short-duration mechanical impact. The method overcomes many of the barriers associated with flaw detection in concrete based on ultrasonic methods. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the technique and to discuss the important parameters involved in this type of testing. One of the key features of the method is the transformation of the recorded time domain waveform of the surface motion into the frequency domain. The impact gives rise to modes of vibration and the frequency of these modes is related to the geometry of the test object and the presence of flaws. The principles involved in frequency analysis are discussed. The importance of the impact duration in relation to flaw detection and other factors affecting the smallest flaw that can be detected are also reviewed. The paper concludes with a summary of the ASTM standard governing the use of the impact-echo method for measuring the thickness of plate-like structures.
Mechanism of Uptake of C105Y, a Novel Cell-penetrating Peptide (2005)

C105Y, a synthetic peptide (CSIPPEVKFNKPFVYLI) based on the amino acid sequence corresponding to residues 359-374 of alpha1-antitrypsin, enhances gene expression from DNA nanoparticles. To investigate how this enhancement occurs, C105Y was fluorescently labeled to study its uptake and intracellular trafficking. When human hepatoma cells (HuH7) were incubated with fluorescently labeled C105Y for as little as 3 min, C105Y displayed nuclear and cytoplasmic staining with enrichment of fluorescent signal in the nucleus and nucleolus. Uptake and nucleolar localization were observed with the short sequence PFVYLI, but not with SIPPEVKFNK, and the D-isomer was readily taken up into cells but not into the nucleus. We found that the C105Y peptide is routed to the nucleolus very rapidly in an energy-dependent fashion, whereas membrane translocation and nuclear localization are energy-independent. When we tested the involvement of known endocytosis pathways in uptake and trafficking of this peptide, we demonstrated that C105Y peptide is internalized by a clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway, although lipid raft-mediated endocytosis may play a role in peptide intracellular trafficking. Efficient energy-independent cell entry with rapid nuclear localization probably accounts for enhancement of gene expression from inclusion of C105Y into DNA nanoparticles.
A Pyrene‐functionalized Polynorbornene for Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensing of Pyrophosphate (2015)

A novel pyrene-functionalized polynorbornene (P1) bearing sulfonamide NH and triazolium donors has been synthesized for ratiometric fluorescence sensing of PPi in aqueous solution. In addition, P1 is also used to monitor intracellular PPi and to detect PPi released during polymerase chain reaction.
High cell density cultivation of a recombinant Escherichia coli strain expressing a 6-O-sulfotransferase for the production of bioengineered heparin (2014)

The ability to scale-up the production of heparin biosynthetic enzymes, such as 6-OST-3, is critical for scaling-up the chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin. The success of this project may someday lead to a commercially viable bioengineered heparin to replace the animal-sourced anticoagulant product currently on the market.
Morphine: Single-Dose Tolerance (1968)

Rats show a significant degree of tolerance to a second dose of morphine, with the degree of tolerance increasing the longer the delay between the two doses of morphine. To measure the morphine effect a foot-shock attenuation procedure that allowed the animal to adjust the shock intensity was used in studying delays of up to 180 days.
Overexpressed NF-κB–inducing kinase contributes to the tumorigenesis of adult T-cell leukemia and Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells (2008)

The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factors play important roles in cancer development by preventing apoptosis and facilitating the tumor cell growth. However, the precise mechanisms by which NF-kappaB is constitutively activated in specific cancer cells remain largely unknown. In our current study, we now report that NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) is overexpressed at the pretranslational level in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells (H-RS) that do not express viral regulatory proteins. The overexpression of NIK causes cell transformation in rat fibroblasts, which is abolished by a super-repressor form of IkappaBalpha. Notably, depletion of NIK in ATL cells by RNA interference reduces the DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activity, and efficiently suppresses tumor growth in NOD/SCID/gammac(null) mice. These results indicate that the deregulated expression of NIK plays a critical role in constitutive NF-kappaB activation in ATL and H-RS cells, and suggest also that NIK is an attractive molecular target for cancer therapy.
Influenza hemagglutinin expression in Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana. (2007)

Influenza infects millions of people each year. Hemagglutinin (HA) is the major
surface protein of the influenza virus and the best target as a vaccine candidate.
Transgenic plants have significant potential for proper expression of HA to serve as an influenza vaccine. An HA3 DNA construct for insertion into plants was developed using the binary vector, pE1802. Agrobacterium tumefaciens was transformed with the plasmid and both Nicotiana tabacum or Nicotiana benthamiana were transformed. To screen for HA3 expression, mRNA was isolated from first generation plants. Second generation plants were successfully screened for protein production using immunoblots to verify HA3 protein expression. A tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) vector (pJL36) was also produced expressing
HA3. Recombinant constructs of the TMV vector were successfully screened using PCR.
This work indicates the potential use of HA3-expressing TMV vector for transformation
into A. tumefaciens, infection into N. benthamiana and the expression of gene products in these systems.
Robust Chemical Preservation of Digital Information on DNA in Silica with Error‐Correcting Codes (2015)

Information, such as text printed on paper or images projected onto microfilm, can survive for over 500 years. However, the storage of digital information for time frames exceeding 50 years is challenging. Here we show that digital information can be stored on DNA and recovered without errors for considerably longer time frames. To allow for the perfect recovery of the information, we encapsulate the DNA in an inorganic matrix, and employ error-correcting codes to correct storage-related errors. Specifically, we translated 83 kB of information to 4991 DNA segments, each 158 nucleotides long, which were encapsulated in silica. Accelerated aging experiments were performed to measure DNA decay kinetics, which show that data can be archived on DNA for millennia under a wide range of conditions. The original information could be recovered error free, even after treating the DNA in silica at 70 °C for one week. This is thermally equivalent to storing information on DNA in central Europe for 2000 years.