gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The yl Gene of Maize Codes for Phytoene Synthase (1996)

The cloned y1 locus of maize was sequenced and found to encode phytoene synthase. Different "wild-type" alleles of the locus were found to differ by the insertion of transposable elements in their promoter and polyA addition regions, and by the length of a CCA tandem repeat series, without any obvious effect on function of the gene. A dominant Y1 ("wild-type") allele was observed to be expressed at highest levels in the seedling but also in the embryo and endosperm. The Mu3 transposable element insertion responsible for a pastel allele of y1, which gives lowered levels of carotenoids in the endosperm of kernels and seedlings grown at high temperatures, was located in the 5' end of the gene. Although the size of the transcript from this y1 mutation suggests that the Mu3 element provides the promoter for this allele, leaf tissue in this mutant line contained approximately normal amounts of y1 mRNA. A recessive allele of y1, which conditions normal levels of carotenoids in the embryo and seedling, but almost no carotenoids in the endosperm, was found to accumulate normal amounts of y1 mRNA in the seedling and embryo, while y1 transcripts were not detected in the endosperm.
Management of hyperglycemia from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting T790M-mediated resistance. (2015)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are associated with sensitivity to small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib. Although studies show an increased progression free survival (PFS) with use of EGFR TKIs in the first-line setting, most patients will develop resistance to therapy after the first 8-16 months. T790M is an acquired resistance mutation reported in 60-70% of patients who initially responded to a prior EGFR TKI. Recently, EGFR TKIs targeting T790M have been developed to overcome resistance with positive results in PFS and objective response rate in patients who have had disease progression on at least one TKI. Two EGFR TKIs targeting T790M, AZD9291 and rociletinib, are new active treatment options for NSCLC but differ in adverse effect profiles. Dose-limiting hyperglycemia has been reported with rociletinib and has required dose reduction, an oral antihyperglycemic, or both, without discontinuation of therapy. This suggests that patients may be effectively treated chronically for hyperglycemia associated with EGFR TKIs targeting T790M, however, guidelines for treatment of hyperglycemia in this setting have not been published. We discuss mechanisms of hyperglycemia associated with TKIs and initial management of hyperglycemia, including benefits and limitations of oral antihyperglycemic options, adjustment of therapy based on grade of hyperglycemia, and recommendations for follow-up glucose monitoring.
Disuse atrophy and exercise rehabilitation in humans profoundly affects the expression of genes associated with the regulation of skeletal muscle mass (2004)

Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs as a consequence of injury, illness, surgery, and muscle disuse, impacting appreciably on health care costs and patient quality of life, particularly in the absence of appropriate rehabilitation. The molecular mechanisms that regulate muscle mass during atrophy and rehabilitation in humans have not been elucidated, despite several robust candidate pathways being identified. Here, we induced skeletal muscle atrophy in healthy volunteers using two weeks of limb immobilization, and then stimulated the restoration of muscle mass with six weeks of supervised exercise rehabilitation. We determined muscle mass and function and performed targeted gene expression analysis at prescribed time points during immobilization and rehabilitation. For the first time, we have identified novel changes in gene expression following immobilization-induced atrophy and during a program of rehabilitative exercise that restored muscle mass and function. Furthermore, we have shown that exercise performed immediately following immobilization induces profound changes in the expression of a number of genes in favor of the restoration of muscle mass, within 24 h. This information will be of considerable importance to our understanding of how immobilization and contraction stimulate muscle atrophy and hypertrophy, respectively, and to the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at maintaining or restoring muscle mass.
EEG entropy measures in anesthesia (2015)

Each entropy index has its advantages and disadvantages in estimating DoA. Overall, it is suggested that the RPE index was a superior measure. Investigating the advantages and disadvantages of these entropy indices could help improve current clinical indices for monitoring DoA.
Esters and Amides of 2,2'-Diphenic Acid. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEsters and Amides of 2,2'-Diphenic Acid.Roberta B. Hill, Robert L. Sublett, and Howard G. AshburnCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1963, 8, 2, 233–234Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/je60017a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (180 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
[Age-related features of protein synthesis rhythm in hepatocytes. Effects of extracellular medium]. (2005)

Cell interactions have been studied in cultures pf hepatocytes from young and old rats. The rhythm of protein synthesis is an index of cell interaction and synchronization in culture, while the amplitude of oscillations characterized cell cooperation in an aggregate rhythm. The mean rhythm amplitude in the culture of hepatocytes from old rats is twice lower than that from young rats. Gangliosides (mixture, bovine brain gangliosides) and alpha1-adrenomimetic phenylephrine enhanced synchronization of cultures of the cells from old rats and increased the amplitude of oscillations to the level of young animals. Addition of rat blood serum (10%) to the medium revealed the rhythm of protein synthesis in the culture, asynchronous in the control, i.e., led to their synchronization. In media with young and old rat blood sera, oscillations were intense, with high amplitudes, and low, respectively. Addition of bovine brain gangliosides to a medium with old rat blood serum increased the amplitudes of oscillations to a level of the rhythm stimulated by the young rat serum. Thus, the cells of old animals can fully perceive synchronizing factors and, in the case of their increased concentration, the rhythm of protein synthesis in old animals did not differ from that in young rats. Current data on biochemical mechanisms underlying intercellular cooperation in the formation of population rhythm of protein synthesis have been discussed.
Staden: Using Patterns to Analyze Protein Sequences (1994)

Described here is one of the most powerful facilities provided by the program PIP: the ability to define and search sequences or libraries of sequences for complex patterns of motifs. Another chapter gives details of searching for individual motifs, but this chapter shows how to create individual patterns and libraries of patterns, and how to use them to search sequences. Once a pattern has been defined and stored in a file, it can be used to search any sequence. In addition, if users want to screen sequences against libraries of patterns routinely, this can be achieved by use of files of file names. For example, the program can use the PROSITE protein motif library. The program can produce several alternative forms of output. It will display the segment of sequence matching each individual motif in the pattern, display all the sequence between and including the two outermost motifs, produce a description of the match in the form of a SWISSPROT feature table, or draw a simple graphical plot.
Unshielded three-axis vector operation of a spin-exchange-relaxation-free atomic magnetometer (2004)

We describe a vector alkali–metal magnetometer that simultaneously and independently measures all three components of the magnetic field. Using a feedback system, the total field at the location of the magnetometer is kept near zero, suppressing the broadening due to spin-exchange collisions. The resonance linewidth and signal strength of the magnetometer compare favorably with two different scalar operation modes in which spin-exchange relaxation is only partially suppressed. Magnetic field sensitivity on the order of 1pT∕Hz is demonstrated in a laboratory environment without magnetic shields.
Waterproofing EMG Instrumentation (2006)

While still experimental, measurement of external uterine electromyographic (EMG) activity is a more sensitive and noninvasive method for measuring uterine contractility in human labor than the methods currently used in clinical practice. Hydrotherapy is purported to improve contractility in labor, yet there have been no reports of abdominal uterine EMG activity measured during immersion. To test telemetric EMG equipment and different waterproofing techniques under dry and immersed conditions, the authors recorded surface EMG activity from the abdominal muscles of 11 healthy, nonpregnant women, 22 to 51 years of age. After attaching one pair of electrodes to the skin on either side of the umbilicus and applying the waterproofing material, the authors tested the signal by asking participants to perform a short series of leg lifts while seated in a chair to evoke abdominal muscle contractions. They were then immersed to the chest in a hydrotherapy tub while performing two to three leg lifts over 60 s every 5 min for 60 min with 20 lb of weight suspended from their ankles to counteract the buoyancy effect of water. EMG activity was continuously recorded. They then repeated the dry-measures sequence. While waterproofing remained intact, EMG signals were essentially unchanged between dry and wet conditions. Of the 11 waterproofing applications tested, 10 failed at some point. In the data from the successful application, EMG signals in both channels exhibited stable baselines throughout and an absence of low-frequency artifact. The development of this technique allows for the recording of external uterine EMG activity during hydrotherapy. The authors have begun using it to investigate the effects of hydrotherapy on uterine contractility during human labor.
On the Generation of High-Frequency Acoustic Energy with Polyvinylidene Fluoride (1980)

Absrracr-The piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF2) has recently shown great promise in medical imaging applications when combined with integrated circuit technology to form a broadband acoustic detector. The application of polyvinylidene fluoride as a generator of acoustic energy in the 1-10 MHz frequency range is considered. The acoustic response of rigidly backed PVFz to voltage and current-source electrical drive is analyzed, and the broadband nature of the response to current-source drive is demonstrated. Measured values of the dielectric parameters of PVFz are presented and used to calculate the effects arising from the frequency-dependent dielectric constant and associated dielectric loss. The multiple-layer stack, a mechanical transformer, is proposed as a method for increasing the available output power from a transducer. Experimental investigation of this theoretical modeling is described.
A monoclonal antibody directed against a granule membrane glycoprotein (GMP‐140/PADGEM, P‐selectin, CD62P) inhibits ristocetin‐induced platelet aggregation (1996)

P-selectin (also called CD62, GMP-140, PADGEM, CD62P) is a recently described member of a family of vascular adhesion receptors expressed by activated platelets and endothelial cells that are involved in leucocyte cell adhesion. The aim of this study was to characterize a new monoclonal antibody (LYP7) directed against activated human blood platelets that inhibits ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. Immunoadsorbent affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation studies showed that LYP7 (IgG1) bound a surface-labelled glycoprotein (GP) which changed its apparent molecular mass (M(r)) on reduction from 138 kD (situated below GPIIb) to 148 kD (above GPIIb alpha). LYP7 and S12, a monoclonal antibody directed against P-selectin immunoprecipitated the same band. Using ELISA assay, purified P-selectin was shown to bind LYP7 and S12 monoclonal antibodies. Binding sites of 125I-labelled LYP7, which was greatly increased on thrombin-stimulated (2 U/ml) washed platelets (10825 +/- 2886, mean +/- SD) Kd = 1.5 +/- 0.5 nM) compared to resting platelets (2801 +/- 1278, mean +/- SD) (Kd = 1.5 +/- 0.6 nM), was found to be normal on thrombin-stimulated platelets taken from a patient with grey platelet syndrome or a patient with Glanzmann thrombasthenia. LYP7 (IgG1, F(ab')2 or Fab fragments) inhibited ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation of platelets in a dose-dependent fashion without affecting the binding of von Willebrand (vWf) factor. However, agglutination of formaldehyde-fixed platelets induced by ristocetin was not affected by monoclonal antibody LYP7. In addition, the binding of thrombin-activated platelets to neutrophils was inhibited by monoclonal antibody LYP7. These results strongly suggest that P-selectin, by promoting cell-cell contact, may play an active role in platelet-platelet interactions.
Physiological Responses to Cachectin (2007)

Mammals infected with parasitic, bacterial or viral organisms or bearing tumours characteristically display a catabolic state and weight loss which can advance to cachexia (or wasting), shock and death. Although the phenomenon is commonly observed in many parasitic diseases its mechanism is not understood. We have identified and isolated a macrophage protein, cachectin, as the molecule that may be responsible for cachexia and shock. Cachectin is produced by macrophages in response to endotoxin or a number of other bacterial or protozoal products. The released cachectin acts as a hormone, binding to specific high affinity receptors and eliciting biological responses. In the adipocyte anabolic enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase are suppressed through the selective inhibition of mRNA production. An intriguing aspect of cachectin is its pivotal role in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced shock. Cachectin causes fever and anorexia and can induce lethal shock and tissue injury in experimental animals. During its chemical characterization cachectin was shown to be identical to tumour necrosis factor (TNF), a macrophage protein that kills tumour cells. This finding emphasizes the extensive range of effects associated with this protein. Cachectin has many properties in common with interleukin 1 but binds to a different receptor and lacks structural homology. Presumably, low levels of cachectin help the host in its battle to remove invasive pathogens, but extensive production of cachectin can lead to shock and catabolic stress hormone responses. These findings have added a new dimension to the biological properties of cachectin, its production, and its role in cachexia and shock.
Introduction to QM/MM Simulations (2012)

Hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations have become a popular tool for investigating chemical reactions in condensed phases. In QM/MM methods, the region of the system in which the chemical process takes place is treated at an appropriate level of quantum chemistry theory, while the remainder is described by a molecular mechanics force field. Within this approach, chemical reactivity can be studied in large systems, such as enzymes. In the first part of this contribution, the basic methodology is briefly reviewed. The two most common approaches for partitioning the two subsystems are presented, followed by a discussion on the different ways of treating interactions between the subsystems. Special attention is given on how to deal with situations in which the boundary between the QM and MM subsystems runs through one or more chemical bonds. The second part of this contribution discusses what properties of larger system can be obtained within the QM/MM framework and how. Finally, as an example of a QM/MM application in practice, the third part presents an overview of recent QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations on photobiological systems. In addition to providing quantities that are experimentally accessible, such as structural intermediates, fluorescence lifetimes, quantum yields and spectra, the QM/MM simulations also provide information that is much more difficult to measure experimentally, such as reaction mechanisms and the influence of individual amino acid residues.
Immunopurification and characterization of human α-l-iduronidase with the use of monoclonal antibodies (1989)

alpha-L-Iduronidase from human liver was purified by a three-step five-column procedure and by immunoaffinity chromatography with a monoclonal antibody raised against purified enzyme. Seven bands identified by staining with Coomassie Blue had molecular masses of 74, 65, 60, 49, 44, 18 and 13 kDa and were present in both preparations of the liver enzyme. However, relative to the immunopurification procedure, alpha-L-iduronidase purified by the five-column procedure was considerably enriched in the 65 kDa polypeptide band. The seven bands were identified by Western-blot analysis with two different monoclonal antibodies raised against alpha-L-iduronidase. The chromatographic behaviour of alpha-L-iduronidase on the antibody column was dependent upon the quantity of enzyme loaded. Above a particular load concentration a single peak of enzyme activity was eluted, whereas at load concentrations below the critical value alpha-L-iduronidase was eluted in two peaks of activity, designated form I (eluted first) and form II (eluted second). The following properties of the two forms of alpha-L-iduronidase were determined. (1) The two forms from liver were composed of different proportions of the same seven polypeptides. (2) When individually rechromatographed on the antibody column, each form from liver shifted to a more retarded elution position but essentially retained its chromatographic behaviour relative to the other form. (3) Forms I and II of liver alpha-L-iduronidase showed no difference in their activities towards disaccharide substrates derived from two glycosaminoglycan sources, heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate. (4) The native molecular size of forms I and II of liver alpha-L-iduronidase was 65 kDa as determined by gel-permeation chromatography. (5) Immunoaffinity chromatography of extracts of human lung and kidney resulted in the separation of alpha-L-iduronidase into two forms, each with different proportions of the seven common polypeptide species. (6) Lung forms I and II were taken up readily into cultured skin fibroblasts taken from a patient with alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency. Liver forms I and II were not taken up to any significant extent. Lung form II gave intracellular contents of alpha-L-iduronidase that were more than double those of normal control fibroblasts, whereas lung form I gave contents approximately equal to normal control values. We propose that all seven polypeptides are derived from a single alpha-L-iduronidase gene product, and that different proportions of these polypeptides can function as a single alpha-L-iduronidase entity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Dielectric properties of mixtures between mineral oil and natural ester (2008)

From the experimental results some conclusions can be drawn as follows. The properties of mixture between mineral oil and natural ester from palm oil in general strongly affected by the ester content. Increasing the ester content significantly enhance the dielectric breakdown. The increase of the ester content also resulting in a higher the losses factor especially at temperature of 100degC. Viscosity and density of the mixture slightly increased with the ester content but significantly decreased with temperature. The acidity of the oil mixtures almost linearly increased with the ester content. Taking into account the requirements from standard, the mixture of natural ester from palm oil and mineral oil with ester content of 50% is considered as good enough to be used as a high voltage insulating liquid.
On the genesis and regulation of cellular heterogeneity in malignant tumors. (1982)

The growing body of evidence showing that malignant tumors are heterogeneous and contain diverse subpopulations of cells with different metastatic abilities is reviewed. The factors that may influence the evolution of cellular diversity at different stages in the progression of malignant neoplasms are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the possibility that interactions occurring between the constituent subpopulations of a malignant tumor may influence the rate at which new variant subpopulations emerge. Metastatic heterogeneity poses significant problems for experimental efforts to identify the cellular features that correlate with metastatic behavior and for the therapy of metastatic disease.
Broadband microwave mixer mounted on suspended line baluns (2002)

The performance of a microwave balanced mixer which is mounted on the suspended microstrip baluns is investigated. The mixer is in the conventional double-balanced ring form and the two ports (RF and IF) are terminated by the same real impedance (50 ohms). The pump power requirements for to provide matching at either ports is investigated and the conversion losses are calculated. A new type of balun is proposed for RF port termination which is consist of a normal microstrip and a phase inverting suspended microstrip line. It is shown that this balun theoretically has infinite bandwidth when the odd-order characteristic impedance of the suspended line Y/sub oo/=2Y/sub 0/. The mid frequency of operation is selected as 10 GHz and the bandwidth of about 2 octave (3-12 GHz) with less than 8 dB loss (6 dB measured at 9 GHz).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
MZnet: mail service for personal micro-computer systems (1984)

Traditional computer mail systems involve a co-resident User Agent (UA) and Mail Transfer System (MTS) on a time-shared host computer which may be connected to other hosts ina network, with new mail posted or delivered directly through co-resident mail-slot programs. To introduce personal micro-computers (PCs) into this environment requires modification of the traditional mail system architecture. To this end, the MZnet project uses a split-slot model, placing UA programs on the PCs while leaving MTA programs on a mail relay host which can provide authentication and buffering. The split-slot arrangement might be viewed as a new protocol level which operates somewhere between the currently defined MTS-MTS and UA-UA levels.