gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Schemed Power-augmented Flow for Wing-in-ground Effect Craft in Cruise (2011)

为了提供，为 wing-in-ground 详细说明了卓见进策划扩充力量的流动鉴于与力量帮助航行的概念的效果(假发) 手艺，这份报纸论述数字研究。为扩充力量的流动在翅膀前安装的引擎被一个简化引擎模型在模拟代替，并且被认为与一张戳向量嘴被装备。有不同的偏斜的嘴角度的流动特征被学习。比较在气体动力学上被做评估扩充力量的公羊(同等) 的性能模式在航行。在巡航的扩充力量的流动的可观的计划被描述。从 PAR 引擎吹的空气在后面的边附近在翅膀和高速度的依附的流动附近加速流动为某些偏斜的嘴角度被记录。这效果发生并且因此，分离不仅在后面的边而且在整个上面的方面上被阻止。吸的实现与同等模式变化。它也被发现在翅膀下面吹空气的那个计划因为同等引擎是空气动力学地在不有效航行。扩充力量的流动是极其复杂的。数字结果给流动的清楚的描写。关于在巡航的手艺的扩充力量的流动的最佳的计划取决于特定的引擎和飞行政体。
Point mutations in a conserved region (TonB box) of Escherichia coli outer membrane protein BtuB affect vitamin B12 transport (1989)

Uptake of cobalamins and iron chelates in Escherichia coli K-12 is dependent on specific outer membrane transport proteins and the energy-coupling function provided by the TonB protein. The btuB product is the outer membrane receptor for cobalamins, bacteriophage BF23, and the E colicins. A short sequence near the amino terminus of mature BtuB, previously called the TonB box, is conserved in all tonB-dependent receptors and colicins and is the site of the btuB451 mutation (Leu-8----Pro), which prevents energy-coupled cobalamin uptake. This phenotype is partially suppressed by certain mutations in tonB. To examine the role of individual amino acids in the TonB box of BtuB, more than 30 amino acid substitutions in residues 6 to 13 were generated by doped oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Many of the mutations affecting each amino acid did not impair transport activity, although some substitutions reduced cobalamin uptake and the Leu-8----Pro and Val-10----Gly alleles were completely inactive. To test whether the btuB451 mutation affects only cobalamin transport, a hybrid gene was constructed which encodes the signal sequence and first 39 residues of BtuB fused to the bulk of the ferrienterobactin receptor FepA (residues 26 to 723). This hybrid protein conferred all FepA functions but no BtuB functions. The presence of the btuB451 mutation in this fusion gene eliminated all of its tonB-coupled reactions, showing that the TonB box of FepA could be replaced by that from BtuB. These results suggest that the TonB-box region of BtuB is involved in active transport in a manner dependent not on the identity of specific side chains but on the local secondary structure.
Leucine inhibits oxidation of glucose and pyruvate in skeletal muscles during fasting. (1978)

at physiological concentrations inhibited the oxidation of D-[~-14Clglucose in incubated diaphragm, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles from fasted rats. Leucine also reduced this process in kidney slices, but did not affect liver slices and epididymal fat pads. In diaphragms from fasted rats, leucine (0.2 to 0.5 mM) decreased %02 production from Il-14Clpyruvate and D-13,4-%lglucose, but did not affect glucose uptake or glycolysis as measured by "HOH production from D-[5-"HIglucose. When pyruvate oxidation was inhibited, lactate and pyruvate output by the muscle increased. Leucine at 0.5 mM did not reduce pyruvate oxidation in diaphragms from fed rats. Insulin did not affect pyruvate oxidation nor the inhibitory effect of leucine on this process. Thus, the difference between fasted and fed tissues cannot be explained by difference in insulin level.
Molecular Cell Biology (1986)

Molecular cell biology , Molecular cell biology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Pattern of metastases in renal cell carcinoma: A single institution study (2005)

Background: Increasing numbers of patients with renal cell carcinoma&#13;\n(RCC) are incidentally detected and can be potentially cured by surgery&#13;\nalone. In treating metastatic RCC, worthwhile survival rates are&#13;\nachieved in cases of low burden recurrences. This necessitates a&#13;\nrational follow up protocol, which picks up early recurrences and&#13;\navoids costly surveillance for those with a favorable prognosis. Aims:&#13;\nWe studied the patterns of metastases occurring in patients operated&#13;\nfor localized or locally advanced renal cell carcinoma in the Indian&#13;\nsetting and try to evolve a suitable follow up protocol. Setting and&#13;\nDesign: Institution based, retrospective data.\tMethod and Materials:&#13;\nRecords of patients from January 1988 to December 2003, operated for&#13;\ninitially localized RCC were reviewed. Follow up was performed using an&#13;\nestablished protocol. Occurrence of metastases and their patterns were&#13;\nstudied. Statistical analysis used: Comparison of the different&#13;\nsurvival times was performed using the one-way analysis method.&#13;\nMultiple comparisons (post hoc test) were performed using the&#13;\nBonferroni method. Result: Follow up was available on 209 patients.&#13;\nMean survival was 43.75 months (SD ± 28.72). Thirty-nine patients&#13;\ndeveloped 59 metastases. Lungs were the commonest site of metastases&#13;\n(37%), followed by bone (22%), liver (19%) and brain (8%). Relapse and&#13;\nsurvival showed significant correlation with pathological stage (p &lt;&#13;\n0.001), with higher stage being associated with greater relapses and&#13;\nlesser survival. There was no correlation between site of recurrence&#13;\nand stage of disease. Conclusions: Occurrence of metastases correlate&#13;\nwith the pathological stage of the disease at primary presentation.&#13;\nTailored, stage-based follow up protocols allow adequate surveillance&#13;\nfor disease activity and progression without escalating the overall&#13;\ncosts.
Technology and performance of the Canon XRA-1000 production x-ray stepper (2000)

In order to introduce next generation lithography (NGL) into practical use, developing a production-worthy exposure tool is as important as developing a proof-of-concept system and mask technology. The progress of the exposure tool can be used as a measure of the status of each NGL choice. Canon has been focusing on the development of a proximity x-ray lithography (PXL) system for volume production use since the start of development. This has included development of magnification correction, development of a high-seed wafer stage, improvement of illumination intensity, extension of process latitude in the alignment system design, and development of an accurate environment control system. For example, we introduced a new method, using mechanical deformation of the mask, for magnification correction. We also developed a new wafer stage based on a field proven-high-speed wafer stage from our current optical lithography systems. A stepping time (including settling time) of less than 400 ms for a 50 mm step in a low-pressure helium environment was achieved. These achievements have been integrated into our volume production tool: the XRA-1000 x-ray stepper. The XRA-1000 has been installed in ASET and it will be used as the means for other process module development. Its results will demonstrate that PXL technology is the most practical NGL technology for volume production.
Diffusion-ordered two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiffusion-ordered two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyKevin F. Morris and Charles S. Johnson Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8, 3139–3141Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00034a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00034a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3348Altmetric-Citations608LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tissue‐ and developmental stage‐specific expression of the rat ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene in transgenic mice (1989)

Rat ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT; EC 2.1.3.3) is encoded by a large gene of 75 kilobases. Expression of this gene is restricted to the liver and small intestine, and there is an increase in expression late in gestation. The recombinant gene carrying 1.3 kilobases of the 5' flanking region of the gene fused to the rat OCT cDNA was microinjected into fertilized eggs, and 17 transgenic mice were produced. Expression in the liver of the transgene was detected in three mice. In these mice, the transgene expression was observed exclusively in the liver and small intestine. Expression of the transgene in the intestine was comparable to that of the endogenous mouse OCT gene, whereas expression in the liver was much lower than that of the endogenous gene. The developmental pattern of expression of the transgene was similar to that of the endogenous gene. Therefore, the 5' flanking sequence of the rat OCT gene seems to be sufficient for the developmental and tissue-specific expression of the gene. An explanation for low expression in the liver remains the subject of ongoing study.
Hammerhead Ribozymes Containing Non-Nucleoside Linkers Are Active RNA Catalysts (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHammerhead Ribozymes Containing Non-Nucleoside Linkers Are Active RNA CatalystsD. Fu, Fritz Benseler, and Larry W. McLaughlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11, 4591–4598Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00090a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00090a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electric Properties of Tissues (2006)

Abstract Passive electric properties of biological tissues such as permittivity and conductivity are important in applied problems of electrical stimulation in studying of human electromagnetic fields interactions and development of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The current densities and pathways resulting from an applied electrical stimulus are dictated to a large extent by the relative permittivity and specific conductivity of biological tissues; energy absorption also depends on tissue properties. We briefly present some theoretical basis for the current conduction in biologic materials and factors affecting the measurement of tissue dielectric properties that need to be taken into account when designing the measurement procedure. Large discrepancies between the data reported by different researchers are found in the literature, which are caused by factors such as different measuring techniques used, the fact that tissue samples were taken from different species, circumstances under which the measurements were performed, and many others. Electric properties of some biological tissues are summarized and data ranges of values found for relative permittivity and specific conductivity in the literature are given. Finally, we present some applications of bioimpedance measurements.
Achieving perpendicular anisotropy in half-metallic Heusler alloys for spin device applications (2014)

Various full Heusler alloys are interfaced with MgO and the magnetic properties of the Heusler-MgO junctions are studied. Next to MgO, the cubic Heusler system distorts to a tetragonal one, thereby inducing an anisotropy. The half-metallicity and nature of anisotropy (in-plane or perpendicular) in the Heusler-MgO system is governed mostly by the interface Heusler layers. There is a trend that Mn-O bonding near the MgO-Heusler junction results in perpendicular anisotropy. The ability to remain half-metallic and have perpendicular anisotropy makes some of these alloys potential candidates as free-layers in Spin Transfer Torque Random Access Memory (STT-RAM) devices, particularly, Cr2MnAs-MgO system with MnAs interface layers and Co2MnSi-MgO system with Mn2 interface layers.
Chemical synthesis and biological characterization of phosphorothioate analogs of 2’, 5’-3’-deoxyadenylate trimer (1993)

In continued studies to elucidate the requirements for binding to and activation of the 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) dependent endoribonuclease (RNase L), four 2-5A trimer analogs were examined to evaluate the effect of chirality of phosphorothioate substitution on biological activity. The chemical syntheses and purification of the four isomers of P-thio-3'-deoxyadenylyl-(2'-5')-P-thio-3'- deoxyadenylyl-(2'-5')-3'-deoxyadenosine, by the phosphoramidite approach, is described. The isolated intermediates were characterized by elemental and spectral analyses. The fully deblocked compounds were characterized by 1H and 31P NMR and HPLC analyses. The 2',5'-(3'dA)3 cores with either Rp or Sp chirality in the 2',5'-internucleotide linkages will bind to but will not activate RNase L. This is in contrast to 2',5'-A3 core analogs with either RpRp or SpRp phosphorothioate substitution in the 2',5'-internucleotide linkages which can bind to and activate RNase L. There are also marked differences in the ability of the 2',5'-A3 analogs to activate RNase L following introduction of the 5'-monophosphate. For example, the 5'monophosphates of 2',5'-(3'dA)3-RpRp and 2',5'-(3'dA)3-SpRp can bind to and activate RNase L, whereas the 5'-monophosphates of 2',5'-(3'dA)3-RpSp and 2',5'-(3'dA)3-SpSp can bind to but can not activate RNase L.
Role of calcium and cAMP in the action of adrenocorticotropin on aldosterone secretion. (1985)

When the dose-response curve of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-induced aldosterone secretion is compared to that of ACTH-induced intracellular cAMP, the ED50 for intracellular cAMP is more than 10 times as high as that for aldosterone production. In contrast, the dose-response curve of forskolin-induced aldosterone secretion correlates well with that for forskolin-induced intracellular cAMP. ACTH, but not forskolin, increases calcium influx into glomerulosa cells without inducing the mobilization of calcium from an intracellular pool. The effect of ACTH on calcium influx is dose-dependent and ED50 is 3.5 X 10(-11) M. In a perifusion system, the effect of 1 nM ACTH on aldosterone secretion is much greater than that of 1 microM forskolin, even though these two stimulators induce identical increases in the intracellular cAMP. Perifusion with combined A23187 (50 nM) and forskolin (1 microM) stimulates aldosterone secretion to a value comparable to that induced by 1 nM ACTH. Likewise, BAY K 8644 (1 nM), which induces a comparable increase in calcium influx, potentiates the effect of 1 microM forskolin. When the intracellular [Ca2+] is fixed at either 100 or 300 nM, forskolin-stimulated intracellular cAMP content is identical, but ACTH-stimulated intracellular cAMP content at 100 nM [Ca2+]i is 60% of that at 300 nM [Ca2+]i. Both the ACTH- and forskolin-induced aldosterone secretion rate is higher at 300 nM than at 100 nM [Ca2+]i. These results indicate that ACTH stimulates calcium influx, that calcium potentiates ACTH-induced but not forskolin-induced cAMP generation, and that Ca2+ and cAMP act as synarchic messengers in ACTH-mediated aldosterone secretion.
Epidemiologic Studies of Environmental Agents and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (1999)

Maureen D. Mayes, Epidemiologic Studies of Environmental Agents and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 107, Supplement 5: Linking Environmental Agents to Autoimmune Diseases (Oct., 1999), pp. 743-748
Web-based monitoring and management system for integrated enterprise-wide imaging networks (2003)

Mass proliferation of IP networks and the maturity of standards has enabled the creation of sophisticated image distribution networks that operate over Intranets, Extranets, Communities of Interest (CoI) and even the public Internet. Unified monitoring, provisioning and management of such systems at the application and protocol levels represent a challenge. This paper presents a web based monitoring and management tool that employs established telecom standards for the creation of an open system that enables proactive management, provisioning and monitoring of image management systems at the enterprise level and across multi-site geographically distributed deployments. Utilizing established standards including ITU-T M.3100, and web technologies such as XML/XSLT, JSP/JSTL, and J2SE, the system allows for seamless device and protocol adaptation between multiple disparate devices. The goal has been to develop a unified interface that provides network topology views, multi-level customizable alerts, real-time fault detection as well as real-time and historical reporting of all monitored resources, including network connectivity, system load, DICOM transactions and storage capacities.
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promotes the survival and morphologic differentiation of Purkinje cells. (1995)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and motoneurons. Expression of GDNF mRNA in cerebellum raises the possibility that cells within this structure might also respond to GDNF. To examine potential trophic activities of GDNF, dissociated cultures of gestational day 18 rat cerebellum were grown for < or = 21 days in the presence of factor. GDNF increased Purkinje cell number without affecting the overall number of neurons or glial cells. A maximal response (50% above control) was elicited with GDNF at 1 pg/ml. Effects of GDNF on Purkinje cell differentiation were examined by scoring the morphologic maturation of cells in treated and control cultures. GDNF increased the proportion of Purkinje cells that displayed relatively mature morphologies, characterized by dendritic thickening and the development of spines and filopodial extensions. Morphologic maturation of the overall neuronal population was unaffected. In sum, our data indicate that GDNF is a potent survival and differentiation factor for Purkinje cells, the efferent neurons of cerebellar cortex. Together with its other actions, these findings raise the possibility that GDNF might be a critical trophic factor at multiple loci in neuronal circuits that control motor function.
Synthesis and Characterization of Core–Shell Star Copolymers for In Vivo PET Imaging Applications (2008)

The synthesis of core-shell star copolymers via living free radical polymerization provides a convenient route to three-dimensional nanostructures having a poly(ethylene glycol) outer shell, a hydrophilic inner shell bearing reactive functional groups, and a central hydrophobic core. By starting with well-defined linear diblock copolymers, the thickness of each layer, overall size/molecular weight, and the number of internal reactive functional groups can be controlled accurately, permitting detailed structure/performance information to be obtained. Functionalization of these polymeric nanoparticles with a DOTA-ligand capable of chelating radioactive (64)Cu nuclei enabled the biodistribution and in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of these materials to be studied and correlated directly to the initial structure. Results indicate that nanoparticles with increasing PEG shell thickness show increased blood circulation and low accumulation in excretory organs, suggesting application as in vivo carriers for imaging, targeting, and therapeutic groups.
Feeling the Bern: Adaptive Estimators for Bernoulli Probabilities of Pairwise Comparisons (2016)

We study methods for aggregating pairwise comparison data among a collection of n items with the goal of estimating the outcome probabilities for future comparisons. Working within a flexible model that only imposes a form of strong stochastic transitivity, we introduce an “adaptivity index” which compares the risk of our estimator to that of an oracle, over appropriate sub-models, where the oracle knows the specific sub-model in the ground truth. In addition to measuring the usual worst-case risk of an estimator, this adaptivity index also captures the extent to which the estimator adapts to instance-specific difficulty relative to an oracle estimator. First, we propose a three-step estimator termed count-randomize-least squares, and show that it has adaptivity index upper bounded by √n up to logarithmic factors. We then show that conditional on the planted clique hypothesis, no computationally efficient estimator can achieve an adaptivity index smaller than √n. Second, we show that a regularized least squares estimator can achieve a poly-logarithmic adaptivity index, thereby demonstrating a √n-gap between optimal and computationally achievable adaptivity. Finally, we prove that the standard least squares estimator, which is known to be optimally adaptive in several closely related problems, fails to adapt in the context of estimating pairwise probabilities.
Syntheses and Absolute Configurations of Optically Pure 4-Isopropyl-N-tosyl-1,3-oxazolidines (1992)

25.4S) -4-Isopropyl-N-tosyl-1,3-oxazoli- dines (3a-el having methyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, obromophenyl, or o-formylphenyl group at the 2-position of the ring were synthesized, and these products were confirmed to consist of one isomer by l~-nrnr spectral analyses in spite of a newly created asymmetric center at the 2-position.The absolute configurations of 3a-e were determined by difference nuclear Overhauser effect studies.The chiral 1.3-oxazolidines are easily synthesized by the condensation of (R) -or (9 -N-alkyl-2 -hydroxyethylamines with carbaldehydes .l*2However, the 1,3-oxazolidine compounds lacked with group at the N-atom are obtained as a mixture of two isomers (the ratio is about 2:11,1 while the N-methyl, N-ethyl, and N-isopropyl-1,3-oxazolidine compounds are prepared as a mixture of the major and the minor products (the ratio is about 9:11.2-3Pure compounds of these products could not be isolated from the mixture by