gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SBS threshold of a fiber with a Brillouin frequency shift distribution (1996)

The SBS threshold of a fiber with Brillouin frequency shift distribution along its length is investigated theoretically and experimentally. We obtain a simple equation for estimating the SBS threshold from the effective gain coefficient, which is calculated by using the Brillouin frequency distribution along its length. The dopant concentration dependence of the Brillouin frequency shift are measured for fibers with an F and GeO/sub 2/ codoped silica core. The evaluated frequency shift per unit of dopant concentration is 277 MHz/wt% and 45 MHz/wt% for F and GeO/sub 2/, respectively, at 1.55 /spl mu/m. The SBS threshold of a fiber with a nonuniform Brillouin frequency shift distribution prepared by the VAD method is investigated experimentally. The fiber exhibits 7 dB improvement in its SBS threshold. This value is in good agreement with one estimated by calculating the effective gain coefficient. This simple equation will be useful for estimating the SBS threshold of various fibers.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Antibody Synthesis in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis (1983)

We studied infectious and immune mechanisms in demyelinating disease. The clinical diagnosis in this study of 313 consecutive cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) was based on the clinical conclusions of two or more neurologists and definite abnormalities in CSF IgG. Measurement of antibodies to six microbial agents was compared in 313 patients with MS and 406 controls in the same age range. Using a standardized immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) technique, we found a significantly higher prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and a higher level of serum viral capsid antigen IgG antibody titer in the MS population than in the controls. The MS population had a lower cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection rate and lower CMV complement fixing antibody production than controls. Except for the higher measles infection rate and antibody titer in patients with MS, data on the other viruses did not differ from controls.
COX-2 modulates mammary tumor progression in response to collagen density (2016)

These findings suggest that COX-2 has a direct role in modulating tumor progression in tumors arising within collagen-dense microenvironments, and suggest that COX-2 may be an effective therapeutic target for women with dense breast tissue and early-stage breast cancer.
Complementation of Vaccinia Virus Lacking the Double-Stranded RNA-Binding Protein Gene E3L by Human Cytomegalovirus (2002)

The cellular response to viral infection often includes activation of pathways that shut off protein synthesis and thereby inhibit viral replication. In order to enable efficient replication, many viruses carry genes such as the E3L gene of vaccinia virus that counteract these host antiviral pathways. Vaccinia virus from which the E3L gene has been deleted (VVDeltaE3L) is highly sensitive to interferon and exhibits a restricted host range, replicating very inefficiently in many cell types, including human fibroblast and U373MG cells. To determine whether human cytomegalovirus (CMV) has a mechanism for preventing translational shutoff, we evaluated the ability of CMV to complement the deficiencies in replication and protein synthesis associated with VVDeltaE3L. CMV, but not UV-inactivated CMV, rescued VVDeltaE3L late gene expression and replication. Thus, complementation of the VVDeltaE3L defect appears to depend on de novo CMV gene expression and is not likely a result of CMV binding to the cell receptor or of a virion structural protein. CMV rescued VVDeltaE3L late gene expression even in the presence of ganciclovir, indicating that CMV late gene expression is not required for complementation of VVDeltaE3L. The striking decrease in overall translation after infection with VVDeltaE3L was prevented by prior infection with CMV. Finally, CMV blocked both the induction of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) phosphorylation and activation of RNase L by VVDeltaE3L. These results suggest that CMV has one or more immediate-early or early genes that ensure maintenance of a high protein synthetic capacity during infection by preventing activation of the PKR/eIF2alpha phosphorylation and 2-5A oligoadenylate synthetase/RNase L pathways.
Effect of carbon chain and phenyl isomer distribution on use properties of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate: A comparison of ‘high’ and ‘low’ 2‐phenyl LAS homologs (1983)

Abstract Phenyl isomer distributions, within current commercial limits of HF and A1C13 linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), have little effect on dishwashing performance in light‐duty liquids (LDL), detergency performance in heavy‐duty powders (HDP), and interfacial tension value. The most important factor in determining performance differences among commercial LAS samples is carbon chain homolog distribution. Both HF and A1C1 3 LAS perform equally well and can be used interchangeably in high‐performance products. The optimum for foam stability in light‐duty liquids shifts towards shorter alkyl chain length as water hardness increases. At 0 ppm water hardness the optimum occurs at C 13 : at 50–150 ppm the optimum moves to C 11 and C 12 ; and above 150 ppm the optimum shifts to include C 10 , C 11 and C, 12 . The detergency performance optimum range in a phosphate built heavy‐duty powder at 50 and 150 ppm water hardness includes the C 12 , C 13 and C 14 alkyl chain lengths. In a nonphosphate built powder the optimum is similar at 50 ppm hardness to that of a phosphate built powder, but shifts at 150 ppm hardness to include C 11 , C 12 and C 13 .
Steroid Receptor Coactivator 3 Maintains Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) by Controlling IGF-Binding Protein 3 Expression (2008)

Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3/AIB1/ACTR/NCoA-3) is a transcriptional coactivator for nuclear receptors including vitamin D receptor (VDR). Growth hormone (GH) regulates insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) expression, and IGF-I forms complexes with acid-labile subunit (ALS) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) to maintain its circulating concentration and endocrine function. This study demonstrated that the circulating IGF-I was significantly reduced in SRC-3(-/-) mice with the C57BL/6J background. However, SRC-3 deficiency affected neither GH nor ALS expression. The low IGF-I level in SRC-3(-/-) mice was not due to the failure of IGF-I mRNA and protein synthesis but was a consequence of rapid degradation. The rapid IGF-I degradation was associated with drastically reduced IGFBP-3 levels. Because IGF-I and IGFBP-3 stabilize each other, SRC-3(-/-) mice were crossbred with the liver-specific transthyretin (TTR)-IGF-I transgenic mice to assess the relationship between reduced IGF-I and IGFBP-3. In SRC-3(-/-)/TTR-IGF-I mice, the IGF-I level was significantly increased over that in SRC-3(-/-) mice, but the IGFBP-3 level failed to increase proportionally, indicating that the low IGFBP-3 level is a responsible factor that limits the IGF-I level in SRC-3(-/-) mice. Furthermore, IGFBP-3 mRNA was reduced in SRC-3(-/-) mice. The IGFBP-3 promoter activity induced by vitamin D, through VDR, was diminished in SRC-3(-/-) cells, suggesting an important role of SRC-3 in VDR-mediated transactivation of the IGFBP-3 gene. In agreement with the role of SRC-3 in VDR function, the expression of several VDR target genes was also reduced in SRC-3(-/-) mice. Therefore, SRC-3 maintains IGF-I in the circulation through enhancing VDR-regulated IGFBP-3 expression.
Phagocyte-Produced Free Radicals: Roles in Cytotoxicity and Inflammation (2008)

The production of superoxide free radical, O2-, by metabolically activated phagocytes results in damage to the phagocyte which is manifested by the premature death of the cell in vitro. The cytotoxic agent appears to be formed by the reaction of superoxide with hydrogen peroxide, and is thought to be hydroxyl radical or a secondary radical thereof. In vivo two animal models of induced inflammation also appear to be largely dependent on superoxide production by phagocytes for the development of tissue damage manifested as oedema. Intravenously administered superoxide dismutase shows anti-inflammatory activity in these models, but only when so derivatized that it can remain in the circulation for longer periods of time. Catalase, or a catalase derivative, on the other hand, shows no anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.
Complete thrombospondin mRNA sequence includes potential regulatory sites in the 3' untranslated region. (1989)

The nucleotide sequence of human thrombospondin (TS) mRNA has been determined from human fibroblast and endothelial cDNAs. The sequence of 5802 bp begins 110 bp upstream from the initiator codon and includes the entire 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNA. The coding region (3510 bp) specifies a protein of 1170 amino acids with all of the known features of the TS subunit (Frazier, W. A. 1987. J. Cell Biol. 105:625-632). The long 3' UTR of 2166 nucleotides is extremely A/T-rich, particularly in the latter half. It contains 37 TATT or ATTT(A) sequences that have been suggested as mediators of the stability of mRNAs for cytokines, lymphokines, and oncogenes (Shaw, G., and R. Kamen. 1986. Cell. 46:659-667). Another unusual feature of the 3' UTR of TS mRNA is a stretch of 42 nucleotides of which 40 are thymidines (uridine in the mRNA) including an uninterrupted sequence of 26 thymidines. This region is flanked by two sets of direct repeats suggesting that it may be an insertion element of retrotranscriptional origin. Comparison of the 3' untranslated region of TS mRNA with the GenBank data base indicates the greatest degree of similarity with an alpha-interferon gene which contains a number of the TATT/ATTT consensus sites. The degree of similarity between the TS and interferon sequences is the same in regions of the interferon gene corresponding to its coding and noncoding regions suggesting that most of the TS 3' UTR may be derived from an interferon gene or pseudogene. The features of the TS mRNA 3' UTR provide a potential explanation for the rapid regulation of TS message observed in cultured cells in response to PDGF and suggest that TS is a member of a group of proteins which are intimately involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.
Advancements in Next-Generation Sequencing (2016)

The term next-generation sequencing is almost a decade old, but it remains the colloquial way to describe highly parallel or high-output sequencing methods that produce data at or beyond the genome scale. Since the introduction of these technologies, the number of applications and methods that leverage the power of genome-scale sequencing has increased at an exponential pace. This review highlights recent concepts, technologies, and methods from next-generation sequencing to illustrate the breadth and depth of the applications and research areas that are driving progress in genomics.
A summary of key technologies of ad hoc networks with UAV node (2010)

At present, the UAV as the tactical communications relay played an important role in Battlefield Communication Support. The future development of UAV Ad Hoc network technology will provide the necessary technology to ensure the cooperative engagement of multi-UAV and its further integration into the battlefield communications network. This article begin with introduction to the UAV and the Ad Hoc network, followed by the presentation of several key technology of the UAV Ad Hoc network in the battlefield and the difficulties and challenges in the course of the study. Finally, the paper discusses the future development of the UAV battlefield communications network.
Andrology: High fertilization prediction by flow cytometric analysis of the CD46 antigen on the inner acrosomal membrane of spermatozoa (1996)

The study was set up to determine the relationship between the human sperm acrosome reaction and fertilization in couples undergoing routine in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Prospective data analysis was carried out on all IVF patients during a 6 month period. Exceptions were those patients having insufficient sperm concentration to allow both acrosome reaction determination and insemination. The main outcome measures were the prediction of fertilization in IVF patients using flow cytometric analysis of the spontaneous and ionophore-induced acrosome reaction [giving the acrosomal response to ionophore challenge (ARIC) score] in the male partner's spermatozoa versus standard analytical methods of sperm motion parameters and morphology. Stepwise logistic regression indicated only two independent factors predictive of fertilization: ARIC score (chi 2 = 109.6, P < 0.0001) and post-Percoll % motility (chi 2 = 8.8, P < 0.003). Of patients with an ARIC score of > 10, 92% had > 30% of oocytes fertilized; 100% of patients with an ARIC score of < 10 had < 30% fertilization of oocytes. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay system were 1.00 and 0.82 respectively. The results would indicate that the ARIC test as measured by flow cytometric analysis of CD46 binding is a sensitive and specific assay for use in the prediction of fertilization in IVF patients, thus enabling direct channelling of those patients with ARIC scores of < 10 into the more invasive micro-assisted fertilization schemes.
A new approach to nuclear microscopy: The ion-electron emission microscope (1998)

A new multidimensional high lateral resolution ion beam analysis technique, Ion-Electron Emission Microscopy or IEEM is described. Using MeV energy ions, IEEM is shown to be capable of Ion Beam Induced Charge Collection (IBICC) measurements in semiconductors. IEEM should also be capable of microscopically and multidimensionally mapping the surface and bulk composition of solids. As such, IIEM has nearly identical capabilities as traditional nuclear microprobe analysis, with the advantage that the ion beam does not have to be focused. The technique is based on determining the position where an individual ion enters the surface of the sample by projection secondary electron emission microscopy. The x-y origination point of a secondary electron, and hence the impact coordinates of the corresponding incident ion, is recorded with a position sensitive detector connected to a standard photoemission electron microscope (PEEM). These signals are then used to establish coincidence with IBICC, atomic, or nuclear reaction induced ion beam analysis signals simultaneously caused by the incident ion.
Scaling behavior in shaving cream (1991)

The coarsening of a three-dimensional foam is studied with multiple light-scattering techniques. Scaling behavior is observed with the average bubble diameter growing in time as ${\mathit{t}}^{\mathit{z}}$ where z=0.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05. Changes in the packing conditions during coarsening give rise to a dynamical process that also exhibits temporal scaling. Neighboring bubbles undergo sudden structural rearrangement events at a rate per unit volume that decays as ${\mathit{t}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$ where y=2.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2.
1,2,3‐Cycloheptatrien durch Isomerisierung von Tricyclo[4.1.0.02,7]hept‐1(7)‐en (1981)

Das überbrückte Bicyclo[1.1.0]but‐1(3)‐en‐Derivat (1) lagert sich thermisch in das Cumulen (2) um , das mit Dienen oder tert ‐Butylalkoholat abgefangen werden kann. (1) wurde erstmals durch Fluorid‐induzierte Trimethylsilylbromid‐Eliminierung erzeugt. magnified image
Structure, synthesis, and activity of Dermaseptin b, a novel vertebrate defensive peptide from frog skin: relationship with adenoregulin (1994)

A novel antimicrobial peptide, designated dermaseptin b, was isolated from the skin of the arboreal frog Phyllomedusa bicolor. This 27-residue peptide amide is basic, containing 3 lysine residues that punctuate an alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic sequence. In helix-inducing solvent, dermaseptin b adopts an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation that most closely resembles class L amphipathic helixes, with all lysine residues on the polar face of the helix. The peptide exhibits growth inhibition activity in vitro against a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms including yeast and bacteria as well as various filamentous fungi that are responsible for severe opportunistic infections accompanying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the use of immunosuppressive agents. Maximized pairwise sequence alignment of dermaseptin b and dermaseptin s, a 34-residue antimicrobial peptide previously isolated from Phyllomedusa sauvagii, reveals 81% amino acid identity. No other significant similarity was found between dermaseptin b and any prokaryotic or eukaryotic protein, but similarity was found with adenoregulin (38% amino acid postional identity), a 33-residue peptide that enhances binding of agonists to the A1 adenosine receptor. The synthetic replicates of dermaseptin b and adenoregulin displayed similar but nonidentical spectra of antimicrobial activity, and both peptides were devoid of lytic effect on mammalian cells. Accordingly, the observation that adenoregulin enhances binding of agonists to the adenosine receptor may in fact be a consequence of its ability to alter the structure of biological membranes and to produce signal transduction via interactions with the lipid bilayer, bypassing cell surface receptor interactions.
Physical hyperthermia and cancer therapy (1980)

In general, malignant cells are more sensitive to heat than are normal cells in the range of 41-45°C. In addition, most clinically apparent tumors (above 1-cm diameter) have blood perfusion rates less than 1/5 that of surrounding normal tissue, meaning that they may be preferentially heated. Hyperthermic treatment may be local (tumor only), regional (e.g., a limb), or whole body. Physical techniques for hyperthermia include metabolic heat containment, conduction through the skin (e.g., hot water bath), perfusion of externally heated blood, heated intravenous fluids and anesthetic gases, ultrasound, and electro-magnetic EM coupling modalities. EM modalities include capacitive, inductive, and UHF-microwave radiative techniques, and may be invasive or noninvasive. Hyperthermia is effective against malignant cells not successfully attacked by ionizing radiation and also shows synergism with X-irradiation and some forms of chemotherapy making combination therapy attractive. Thermometric requirements vary with the treatment modality and clinical situation. Characteristics of tumors which may influence the choice of treatment are discussed. Local heating of deep-seated tumors with appropriate thermometry remains a technical challenge. Thermal dose requirements for various tumors and optimal protocols for adjuvant therapy are biological challenges.
Cancer risk in chronic hepatitis B: Do genome-wide association studies hit the mark? (2011)

To identify susceptibility variants for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we conducted a genome-wide association study by genotyping 440,794 SNPs in 355 chronic HBV carriers with HCC and 360 chronic HBV carriers without HCC, all of Chinese ancestry. We identified one intronic SNP (rs17401966) in KIF1B on chromosome 1p36.22 that was highly associated with HBV-related HCC and confirmed this association in five additional independent samples, consisting of 1,962 individuals with HCC, 1,430 control subjects and 159 family trios. Across the six studies, the association with rs17401966 was highly statistically significant (joint odds ratio = 0.61, P = 1.7 × 10(-18) ). In addition to KIF1B, the association region tagged two other plausible causative genes, UBE4B and PGD. Our findings provide evidence that the 1p36.22 locus confers susceptibility to HBV-related HCC, and suggest that KIF1B-, UBE4B- or PGD-related pathways might be involved in the pathogenesis of this malignancy.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective β‐Boration of Acyclic Enones (2009)

The enantioselective beta-boration of various acyclic enones has been studied by using chiral diphosphine-copper complexes. Good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities (up to 97 % ee (enantiomeric excess)) were observed for a range of substrates under optimized conditions. In this transformation, the addition of a controlled amount of alcohol, especially methyl alcohol, is critical to obtain products in high ee and yield. This methodology accommodates structural variation of acyclic enones and provides access to a range of functionalized chiral organoboronates in high enantiomeric purity.
PDX-1 Protein Containing Its Own Antennapedia-Like Protein Transduction Domain Can Transduce Pancreatic Duct and Islet Cells (2003)

The pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1 (PDX-1), also known as IDX-1/STF-1/IPF1, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, plays a central role in regulating pancreatic development and insulin gene transcription. Furthermore, even in adults, PDX-1 is associated with islet neogenesis and differentiation of insulin-producing cells from progenitor cells. Here, we report for the first time that PDX-1 protein can permeate cells due to an Antennapedia-like protein transduction domain sequence in its structure and that transduced PDX-1 functions similarly to endogenous PDX-1; it binds to the insulin promoter and activates its expression. PDX-1 protein can also permeate into isolated pancreatic islets, which leads to stimulation of insulin gene expression. Moreover, PDX-1 protein transduced into cultures of pancreatic ducts, thought to be islet progenitor cells, induces insulin gene expression. These data suggest that PDX-1 protein transduction could be a safe and valuable strategy for enhancing insulin gene transcription and for facilitating differentiation of ductal progenitor cells into insulin-producing cells without requiring gene transfer technology.
In situ reduction of gold nanoparticles in PDMS matrices and applications for large strain sensing (2011)

Various types of strain sensors have been developed and widely used in the field for monitoring the mechanical deformation of structures. However, conventional strain sensors are not suited for measuring large strains associated with impact damage and local crack propagation. In addition, strain sensors are resistive-type transducers, which mean that the sensors require an external electrical or power source. In this study, a gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based polymer composite is proposed for large strain sensing. Fabrication of the composites relies on a novel and simple in situ GNP reduction technique that is performed directly within the elastomeric poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) matrix. First, the reducing and stabilizing capacities of PDMS constituents and mixtures are evaluated via visual observation, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The large strain sensing capacity of the GNP-PDMS thin film is then validated by correlating changes in thin film optical properties (e.g., maximum UV-Vis light absorption) with applied tensile strains. Also, the composite's strain sensing performance (e.g., sensitivity and sensing range) is also characterized with respect to gold chloride concentrations within the PDMS mixture.
Quantifying Nanoparticle Dispersion by Using The Area Disorder of Delaunay Triangulation (2012)

Summary Characterizing the quality of dispersion of nanocomposites presents a challenging statistical problem for which no direct method has been fully adopted. A high precision, statistically well-grounded measure is required which is suitable for dealing with a single small non-homogeneous particle pattern obtained from the material. Our approach uses the Delaunay network of particles to measure the area disorder ADDel, which can be further used to categorize a material sample into well or poorly dispersed. ADDel-analysis is applied to several micrographs of nanoparticle-modified materials and found to classify the type of dispersion reliably. Selected spatial point processes are employed to estimate expected imprecision in observed measurements.