gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Primitive Operator for Similarity Joins in Data Cleaning (2006)

Data cleaning based on similarities involves identification of "close" tuples, where closeness is evaluated using a variety of similarity functions chosen to suit the domain and application. Current approaches for efficiently implementing such similarity joins are tightly tied to the chosen similarity function. In this paper, we propose a new primitive operator which can be used as a foundation to implement similarity joins according to a variety of popular string similarity functions, and notions of similarity which go beyond textual similarity. We then propose efficient implementations for this operator. In an experimental evaluation using real datasets, we show that the implementation of similarity joins using our operator is comparable to, and often substantially better than, previous customized implementations for particular similarity functions.
A GENERAL METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION OF RNA COMPLEMENTARY TO DNA (1962)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Diabetes and fractures: an overshadowed association (2009)

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of fractures in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Appropriate measures aimed at fracture prevention should be considered in the complex care of the diabetic patient.
In Vivo Probe Measurement Technique for Determining Dielectric Properties at VHF through Microwave Frequencies (1980)

A novel probe technique for the determination of dielectric properties of semisolid materials and living tissues in situ is described experimentally and theoretically. This method, based on an antenna modeling theorem, offers unique advantages over conventional dielectric measurements techniques including 1) an ability to perform living (in vivo) tissue dielectric measurements, 2) elimination of the need for tedious sample preparation, 3) the ability to obtain continuous dielectric property data from below 0.1 GHz to above 10 GHz, and 4) the ability to process data on a real time basis. Results of system performance evaluation via measurements of standard liquid dielectric and in vivo tissue data are presented.
Antibody therapeutics: (2007)

Recombinant monoclonal antibody (rMAb) therapy may be instituted to achieve one of two broad outcomes: i) killing of cells or organisms (e.g., cancer cells, bacteria); and ii) neutralisation of soluble molecules (e.g., cytokines in chronic disease or toxins in infection). The choice of rMAb isotype is a critical decision in the development of a therapeutic antibody as it will determine the biological activities triggered in vivo. It is not possible, however, to accurately predict the in vivo activity because multiple parameters impact on the functional outcome, for example, IgG subclass, IgG-Fc glycoform, epitope density, cellular Fc receptors polymorphisms and so on. The present understanding of the molecular interactions between IgG-Fc and effector ligands in vitro has allowed the generation of new antibody structures with altered/improved effector function profiles that may prove optimal for given disease indications. Thus, when maximal antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity is indicated a non-fucosylated IgG1 format may be optimal; when minimal activity is indicated an aglycosylated IgG2 may be the form of choice.
Site‐Directed Mutagenesis of Conserved Charged Residues in the Helical Region of the Human C5a Receptor (1996)

The human C5a receptor (C5aR) belongs to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors with seven transmembrane helices. This part of the molecule is thought to contain part of the ligand-binding pocket, specifically to bind the C-terminal Arg of human C5a. Guided by sequence similarity and molecular modelling studies, several residues including polar (Asn119, Thr168, Gln259) as well as all conserved charged amino acids in the upper transmembrane region of the C5aR (Asp37, Asp82, Arg175, Arg2O6, Asp282) were exchanged by site-directed mutagenesis. Receptor mutants were transiently expressed in COS cells and analyzed for altered binding behaviour and/or localization at the cell surface by immunofluorescence. For all residues, suitable mutants could be found that exhibited wild-type affinity towards the ligand, providing evidence against a major contribution of these residues to high-affinity ligand binding. Some mutants, however, exhibited a complete (Asp282-->Ala) or partial loss of ligand-binding capacity (Arg175-->Ala, Arg2O6-->Gln) despite adequate expression levels on the cell surface. This phenotype was further analyzed in the [Gln2O6]C5aR mutant: quantitative flow cytometric analysis of epitope-tagged receptor derivatives in 293 cells confirmed an equal level of wild-type and mutant C5aR on the cell surface. Competitive binding curves revealed the presence of only a small population (<10%) of high-affinity sites (Kd approximately 2 nM), which was functionally active at 20 nM in the heterologous Xenopus oocyte expression system after coexpression of G alpha-16. The number of high-affinity sites of wild-type and [Gln2O6]C5aR in 293 cells could be up-regulated by coexpression of Gi alpha-2 and down-regulated by GTP[gamma S]-mediated uncoupling of the G-protein receptor interaction in membrane preparations. These findings are compatible with a model in which the Arg2O6 residue located in the upper third of transmembrane helix V determines high-affinity binding in the human C5aR by affecting the intracellular G-protein coupling.
Zoledronic acid significantly improves pain scores and quality of life in breast cancer patients with bone metastases: a randomised, crossover study of community vs hospital bisphosphonate administration (2005)

Patients with bone metastases from breast cancer often experience substantial skeletal complications -- including debilitating bone pain -- which negatively affect quality of life. Zoledronic acid (4 mg) has been demonstrated to reduce significantly the risk of skeletal complications in these patients and is administered via a short, 15-min infusion every 3 weeks, allowing the possibility for home administration. This study compared the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid administered in the community setting vs the hospital setting in breast cancer patients with > or =1 bone metastasis receiving hormonal therapy. After a lead-in phase of three infusions of 4 mg zoledronic acid in the hospital setting, 101 patients were randomized to receive three open-label infusions in the community or hospital setting, followed by three infusions in the opposite venue (a total of nine infusions). The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) were used to assess potential benefits of zoledronic acid therapy. At study end, analysis of the BPI showed significant reductions in worst pain (P=0.008) and average pain in the last 7 days (P=0.039), and interference with general activity (P=0.012). In each case, there were significantly greater improvements in pain scores after treatment in the community setting compared with the hospital crossover setting for worst pain (P=0.021), average pain (P=0.003), and interference with general activity (P=0.001). Overall global health status showed a significant median improvement of 8.3% (P=0.013) at study end. Physical, emotional, and social functioning also showed significant overall improvement (P=0.013, 0.005, and 0.043, respectively). Furthermore, physical, role, and social functioning showed significantly greater improvements after treatment in the community setting compared with the hospital crossover setting (P=0.018, 0.001, and 0.026, respectively). There was no difference between hospital and community administration in renal or other toxicity, with zoledronic acid being well tolerated in both treatment settings. These data confirm the safety and quality-of-life benefits of zoledronic acid in breast cancer patients with bone metastases, particularly when administered in the community setting.
Nalbuphine Coadministered with Morphine Prevents Tolerance and Dependence (1997)

Nalbuphine, an opioid mixed agonist-antagonist, prevents many morphine-related side effects. In this study, we compared the effects of nalbuphine versus naloxone on the prevention of morphine tolerance and dependence in Sprague-Dawley rats. Group 1 received a morphine 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal (IP) injection. Groups 2 and 3 received single doses of nalbuphine (0.01 to 5 mg/kg IP) or naloxone (1 to 500 micro g/kg IP) coadministered with morphine (5 mg/kg IP), respectively. Group 4 received a saline IP injection. Treatments were continued for 4 days. The occurrence of tolerance was estimated by comparing the antinociceptive effect of morphine on Day 1 (Group 1) and Day 5 (each group). The severity of dependence was determined by precipitated withdrawal signs (incidence of diarrhea and teeth chattering) induced by naloxone (10 mg/kg IP). We found that coadministration of nalbuphine or naloxone with morphine dose-dependently blocked the development of morphine tolerance and dependence. However, unlike naloxone, nalbuphine did not attenuate the antinociceptive effect of morphine. (Anesth Analg 1997;84:810-5)
Cox-2, iNOS and p53 as play-makers of tumor angiogenesis (review). (1998)

Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are key enzymes in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PGs) and other eicosanoids. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO), a regulator of vascular permeability, from the guanidino nitrogen atom of L-arginine. Two isoforms of both enzymes occur: a constitutive one, Cox-1 and the inducible counterpart Cox-2; also NOS has a constitutive counterparts (cNOS) and an inducible form, called iNOS. The inducible isoforms of both enzymes are of maximum interest. It has been recently shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is inducible by a variety of stimuli and that eicosanoids, mainly of the PGE2 species, are inducers of basic regulator of angiogenesis, including VEGF/VPF, bFGF, TGF-beta, PDGF, and endothelin-1. In addition, iNOS is inducible by Cox-2. p53 down-regulates the angiogenic process at various levels: it induces thrombospondin-1, a powerful antiangiogenic factor, down-regulates VEGF and NOS and, in addition, down-regulates hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, either inducing apoptosis or enhancing antiangiogenetic factors. It is noteworthy how important the p53 oncosuppressor is in the angiogenesis of solid tumor growth. Cox-2, iNOS and p53 are thus fundamental play-makers of the angiogenic process: they are discussed in detail and a tentative hierarchical cascade is proposed.
High-Speed Optical Phase Modulator Based on Graphene-Silicon Waveguide (2016)

A high-speed optical phase modulator based on graphene-silicon waveguide (GSW) is presented. Two graphene flakes, sandwiched by insulating dielectric spacers, are embedded in a silicon waveguide to enhance the interaction between the graphene and light. By applying a bias on the graphene flakes, the refractive index variation of TE mode in the waveguide shows a large quasi-linear dynamic range, which is ideal for achieving optical phase modulation. Based on this structure, a π phase shift can be achieved by a 75.6 μm-long GSW. Calculations show that the 3 dB modulation bandwidth of the optical phase modulator can be as high as 119.5 GHz with a low consumption of 0.452 pJ/bit.
Treatment of Primary Moderate Hypercholesterolemia With Lovastatin (Mevinolin) and Colestipol (1987)

The introduction of inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis offers a new approach to treatment of hypercholesterolemia. One such agent, lovastatin (formerly, mevinolin), causes significant reductions in plasma cholesterol levels. This action can be enhanced by bile acid sequestrants. In this study, lovastatin and colestipol hydrochloride together were administered to ten patients with primary moderate hypercholesterolemia. Compared with a control period, the combined-drug therapy caused a 36% reduction in plasma total cholesterol level, a 48% decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level, and a 17% increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. The reduction in LDL cholesterol level was due to three factors: a 27% decrease in the production rate of LDL, a 20% increase in fractional catabolic rate of LDL, and a 15% depletion of cholesterol in LDL particles. This major reduction in LDL cholesterol level produced by combined-drug therapy may be valuable for prevention of coronary heart disease in high-risk patients with primary moderate hypercholesterolemia.
Fat Concentration Affects Sweetness and Sensory Profiles of Sucrose, Sucralose, and Aspartame (1993)

ABSTRACT The sensory characteristics of sucralose, aspartame, and sucrose were studied in an unflavored lipid model system varying in fat levels. One study investigated the effects of fat on the potencies (vs. sucrose) of sucralose and aspartame. We also examined absolute changes in all three sweeteners in taste, temporal, and mouthfeel properties at fiied concentrations across a wide fat range. Results indicated a modest decrease in the potencies of sucralose and aspartame across fat concentrations, especially at lower sweetness levels. All sweeteners responded similarly to changes in fat concentration. Independent of fat level, sucralose was perceived more similar to aspartame in onset, bitterness, and aftertaste, than to sucrose.
Regio‐ and Chemoselective Metalation of Chloropyrimidine Derivatives with TMPMgCl⋅LiCl and TMP2Zn⋅2 MgCl2⋅2 LiCl (2008)

Efficient zincation and magnesiation of chlorinated pyrimidines can be performed at convenient temperatures (e.g., 25 and 55 degrees C) by using TMPMgCl x LiCl and TMP(2)Zn x 2 MgCl(2) x 2 LiCl (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) as effective bases. Quenching of the resulting zincated or magnesiated pyrimidines with various electrophiles furnishes highly functionalized pyrimidines in 51-93% yield. Oxidative aminations were carried out, thus leading to aminated pyrimidines. By using this methodology, we have also prepared pharmaceutically relevant pyrazolopyrimidines and the fungicide Mepanipyrim.
Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1) Phosphorylation Promotes Dopaminergic Neuronal Survival during 6-OHDA-Induced Oxidative Stress (2014)

Oxidative stress is a major pathophysiological mediator of degenerative processes in many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Aberrant cell signaling governed by protein phosphorylation has been linked to oxidative damage of dopaminergic neurons in PD. Although several studies have associated activation of certain protein kinases with apoptotic cell death in PD, very little is known about protein kinase regulation of cell survival and protection against oxidative damage and degeneration in dopaminergic neurons. Here, we characterized the PKD1-mediated protective pathway against oxidative damage in cell culture models of PD. Dopaminergic neurotoxicant 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) was used to induce oxidative stress in the N27 dopaminergic cell model and in primary mesencephalic neurons. Our results indicated that 6-OHDA induced the PKD1 activation loop (PKD1S744/S748) phosphorylation during early stages of oxidative stress and that PKD1 activation preceded cell death. We also found that 6-OHDA rapidly increased phosphorylation of the C-terminal S916 in PKD1, which is required for PKD1 activation loop (PKD1S744/748) phosphorylation. Interestingly, negative modulation of PKD1 activation by RNAi knockdown or by the pharmacological inhibition of PKD1 by kbNB-14270 augmented 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis, while positive modulation of PKD1 by the overexpression of full length PKD1 (PKD1WT) or constitutively active PKD1 (PKD1S744E/S748E) attenuated 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis, suggesting an anti-apoptotic role for PKD1 during oxidative neuronal injury. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PKD1 signaling plays a cell survival role during early stages of oxidative stress in dopaminergic neurons and therefore, positive modulation of the PKD1-mediated signal transduction pathway can provide a novel neuroprotective strategy against PD.
THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF THE SHEEP: FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EMBRYO AND THE CORPUS LUTEUM (1966)

SUMMARY The stage at which the embryo first affects the corpus luteum of the sheep in such a way as to prevent its regression at the end of the oestrous cycle was determined by means of embryo transplantation. Up to the 12th day after oestrus the transfer of embryos to non-pregnant ewes resulted consistently in pregnancy, an indication that the transferred embryos had a luteotrophic effect on the corpora lutea of the recipients. However, embryos transferred to recipients in which oestrus had occurred 13 or 14 days previously had only a slight, or more frequently, no effect on the life-span of the corpus luteum. The factor responsible for the failure of these transfers was shown to lie in the recipient ewes and not in the transferred embryo. The findings indicate that the presence of the embryo in the uterus between the 12th and 13th day after oestrus is essential for the maintenance of the corpus luteum of pregnancy.
Molecular advances in pretargeting radioimunotherapy with bispecific antibodies. (2002)

The use of antibodies against tumor-associated cell surface antigens for the targeted delivery of radionuclides was introduced >20 years ago. Although encouraging results have been achieved with radiolabeled antibodies in the management of hematopoietic malignancies, there remains a need for successfully treating solid tumors with this modality. One promising approach involving pretargeted delivery of radionuclides has been shown to be capable of significantly increasing the radioactive uptake in tumor relative to normal organs, thereby potentially improving the efficacy of both detection and therapy of cancer. Uncoupling of the radionuclide from the tumor-targeting antibody allows the relatively slow process of antibody localization and clearance to occur before a very rapid and highly specific delivery of the radioactive payload carried on a small molecule, such as a peptide. This minireview discusses the various strategies and advancements made since the concept of pretargeting was proposed in the mid-1980s, with emphasis on those comprising bispecific antibodies for cancer therapy. Critical aspects of these pretargeting systems for achieving higher tumor:nontumor ratios are considered. In addition, both preclinical and clinical results obtained from a pretargeting method known as the Affinity Enhancement System are presented. Future directions of pretargeting technology are also suggested.
Video traffic characterization for multimedia networks with a deterministic service (2002)

One of the most important traffic types in future packet-switched networks is high-bandwidth, variable-bit-rate (VBR) video. Since video is a delay-sensitive media, the network must allocate resources to maintain quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees on throughput, delay, and delay jitter to video connections. A key component of resource allocation is the traffic characterization of video sources that determines the resources required to support video connections. In this study, we propose a method for characterizing VBR video traffic with a fixed number of leaky buckets in networks with a deterministic service. We explore tradeoffs of network utilization in two directions: (1) the number of leaky buckets used for traffic characterisation, and (2) the amount of information from a video sequence used to produce the characterization. We evaluate our method with a set of 30-minute long MPEG-compressed video traces.
Expression of Endogenous and Transfected Apolipoprotein II and Vitellogenin II Genes in an Estrogen Responsive Chicken Liver Cell Line (1990)

A recently described chicken liver cell line, LMH, was characterized to evaluate responsiveness to estrogen. Expression of the endogenous apolipoprotein (apo) II gene was induced by 17 beta-estradiol when LMH cells were cultured with chicken serum. The response was low and yielded apoll mRNA at only 0.3% of the level seen in estrogenized rooster liver. Higher levels of apoll mRNA were achieved when LMH cells were transiently transfected with an expression plasmid for estrogen receptor. A transfected apoll gene was strongly expressed only when cotransfected with receptor. Expression of the endogenous vitellogenin (VTG) II gene was not detected. However, when cotransfected with a receptor expression plasmid, VTG II reporter plasmids were expressed in LMH cells in response to 17 beta-estradiol. These results suggest that estrogen responsiveness of LMH cells is limited by the availability of functional receptor. Low levels of estrogen receptor mRNA were detected in LMH cells, and receptor binding sites and mRNA were greatly increased following transient transfection with a receptor expression plasmid. Using this transient transfection protocol, several VTG II reporter plasmids were compared in LMH cells and chick embryo fibroblasts. A plasmid containing VTG II estrogen response elements linked to a heterologous promoter was regulated by estrogen in both cell types. In contrast, reporter plasmids containing the VTG II promoter were regulated by estrogen in LMH cells but were not expressed at all in chick embryo fibroblasts. These results suggest that regulation of the VTG II gene involves cell type-specific elements in addition to estrogen response elements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Throughput Enhancement and Performance Improvement of the OFDM Based WLAN System (2009)

This paper presents two models of WLAN-OFDM, which offer a new decision policy in the adaptive modulation (AM) technique of choosing the order of modulation schemes to map the data onto the carriers. Numerous modes will be tested in this paper. The common concept in these proposed models is using the high order modulation schemes together with the low order ones at low SNR values. In model (1), the percentage of using the different modulation schemes will be controlled by the SER value only. So the SER performance of the high order modulation schemes such as 128, 256QAM will be improved. However in model (2), decision policy of choosing the modulation scheme will be made based on the SNR value, but the percentage of the usage will be controlled by the SER value. In both models the appropriate choosing of the clipping ratio (CR) is very important to define the percentage of using a certain order of modulation scheme. The throughput of the two tested models will be enhanced dramatically at all SNR values, and a good improvement in the PAPR will be achieved. Key words: