gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and biochemical characterization of a soluble mouse interferon‐γ receptor produced in insect cells (1991)

The extracellular domain of the mouse interferon gamma receptor comprising amino acids 17-243 of the protein was produced in Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus. The receptor was mainly secreted into the culture medium and was purified to homogeneity in several hundred milligram amounts. The purification procedure involved four chromatography steps and delivered a soluble and active receptor with an overall recovery of 30%. From each purification run, two pools of soluble receptor with the same interferon gamma binding capacity were isolated. Under reducing electrophoretic conditions the protein of pool I migrates as two bands of molecular masses 32 and 34 kDa and of pool II as two bands of 30 and 32 kDa. The soluble receptor of both pools carries a heterogeneous glycosylation. After deglycosylation it appears as one protein band of 27 kDa. N-linked carbohydrates contribute about 6 kDa and O-linked carbohydrates 1 kDa to its molecular mass. The nonreduced protein specifically binds interferon gamma on ligand blots and in a solid-phase binding system and competes for the binding of radiolabeled interferon gamma to the cell surface receptor. The soluble mouse interferon gamma receptor exists as a monomer in physiological buffer and binds interferon gamma in its dimeric form. It is stable at room temperature and against tryptic digestion, but is very sensitive to proteinase K digestion. The soluble mouse interferon gamma receptor produced in the insect/baculovirus expression system may prove useful to study the function of interferon gamma receptor as an antagonist of endogenous interferon gamma in the treatment of immunological and inflammatory disorders.
The Structure of Urinary Catheter Encrusting Bacterial Biofilms (1993)

A major complication of long-term urethral catheterization is catheter blockage by encrustation. We have examined 20 encrusted catheters and in each case crystal formation was associated with the presence of bacterial biofilms on the luminal surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis indicated the presence of struvite and hydroxyapatite in the biofilms. Urease producing bacteria were colonizing 16 of the catheters. Proteus mirabilis was the commonest species being recovered from ten of the catheters. These results support the hypothesis that catheter encrustation has a similar etiology to that of infection-induced urinary stones and confirm that the important target for any attempt to control catheter encrustations is Pr. mirabilis.
Impedance-matching properties of an inhomogeneous matching layer with continuously changing acoustic impedance (1982)

This paper analyzes the impedance-matching properties of an inhomogeneous layer whose specific acoustic impedance varies smoothly across the layer, from the effective value of the transducer specific acoustic impedance to the value of the output medium specific acoustic impedance. In this paper we first derive the energy reflection and transmission coefficients for an inhomogeneous layer with no attenuation and constant propagation speed, and the results are presented for selected profiles. Next, the performance of an inhomogeneous matching layer with an exponential impedance profile is compared with a quarter-wavelength matching plate. Finally, the general case in which both sound speed and density of the inhomogeneous matching layer may vary is analyzed; the specific acoustic impedance profile as a function of travel time is found to be a principal factor, determining the transmission and reflection properties. The spatial functions of the acoustic parameters are determined for the case where both density and sound speed vary exponentially with travel time.
Simple ClinVar: an interactive web server to explore and retrieve gene and disease variants aggregated in ClinVar database (2019)

Clinical genetic testing has exponentially expanded in recent years, leading to an overwhelming amount of patient variants with high variability in pathogenicity and heterogeneous phenotypes. A large part of the variant level data is aggregated in public databases such as ClinVar. However, the ability to explore this rich resource and answer general questions such as 'How many genes inside ClinVar are associated with a specific disease? or 'In which part of the protein are patient variants located?' is limited and requires advanced bioinformatics processing. Here, we present Simple ClinVar (http://simple-clinvar.broadinstitute.org/) a web server application that is able to provide variant, gene and disease level summary statistics based on the entire ClinVar database in a dynamic and user-friendly web-interface. Overall, our web application is able to interactively answer basic questions regarding genetic variation and its known relationships to disease. By typing a disease term of interest, the user can identify in seconds the genes and phenotypes most frequently reported to ClinVar. Subsets of variants can then be further explored, filtered or mapped and visualized in the corresponding protein sequences. Our website will follow ClinVar monthly releases and provide easy access to ClinVar resources to a broader audience including basic and clinical scientists.
Interplay of metagenomics and in vitro compartmentalization (2008)

In recent years, the application of approaches for harvesting DNA from the environment, the so-called, 'metagenomic approaches' has proven to be highly successful for the identification, isolation and generation of novel enzymes. Functional screening for the desired catalytic activity is one of the key steps in mining metagenomic libraries, as it does not rely on sequence homology. In this mini-review, we survey high-throughput screening tools, originally developed for directed evolution experiments, which can be readily adapted for the screening of large libraries. In particular, we focus on the use of in vitro compartmentalization (IVC) approaches to address potential advantages and problems the merger of culture-independent and IVC techniques might bring on the mining of enzyme activities in microbial communities.
Isolation and characterization of the Escherichia coli htrB gene, whose product is essential for bacterial viability above 33 degrees C in rich media (1991)

We have identified and studied the htrB gene of Escherichia coli. Insertional inactivation of the htrB gene leads to bacterial death at temperatures above 33 degrees C. The mutant bacterial phenotype at nonpermissive temperatures includes an arrest of cell division followed by the formation of bulges or filaments. The htrB+ gene has been cloned by complementation and shown to reside at 23.4 min on the E. coli genetic map, the relative order of the neighboring loci being mboA-htrB-pyrC. The htrB gene is transcribed in a counterclockwise fashion, relative to the E. coli genetic map, and its product has been identified as a membrane-associated protein of 35,000 Da. Growth experiments in minimal media indicate that the HtrB function becomes dispensable at low growth rates.
A Gne knockout mouse expressing human V572L mutation develops features similar to distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles or hereditary inclusion body myopathy (2006)

Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (DMRV) or hereditary inclusion myopathy (h-IBM) is an early adult-onset distal myopathy caused by mutations in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) gene which encodes for a bifunctional enzyme involved in sialic acid biosynthesis. It is pathologically characterized by the presence of rimmed vacuoles especially in atrophic fibers, which also occasionally contain congophilic materials that are immunoreactive to beta-amyloid, lysosomal proteins, ubiquitin and tau proteins. To elucidate the pathomechanism of this myopathy and to explore the treatment options, we generated a mouse model of DMRV/h-IBM. We knocked out the Gne gene in the mouse, but this resulted in embryonic lethality. We therefore generated a transgenic mouse that expressed the human GNEV572L mutation, which is the most prevalent among Japanese DMRV patients, and crossed this with Gne((+/-)) mouse to obtain Gne((-/-))hGNEV572L-Tg. Interestingly, these mice exhibit marked hyposialylation in serum, muscle and other organs. Reduction in motor performance in these mice can only be seen from 30 weeks of age. A compelling finding is the development of beta-amyloid deposition in myofibers by 32 weeks, which clearly precedes rimmed vacuole formation at 42 weeks. These results show that the Gne((-/-)) hGNEV572L-Tg mouse mimics the clinical, histopathological and biochemical features of DMRV/h-IBM, making it useful for understanding the pathomechanism of this myopathy and for employing different strategies for therapy. Our findings underscore the notion that hyposialylation plays an important role in the pathomechanism of DMRV/h-IBM.
A Hybrid Cloud Storage Architecture for Service Operational High Availability (2013)

Cloud storage services like Dropbox and Google Drive offer convenient file syncing, sharing, and collaboration services. These services are popular, however many enterprises have been wary to adopt them for business documents because of security, privacy, and ownership issues. Enterprises' concerns create large amount of private cloud storage service demands, but not all enterprises have enough resources to build and maintain their own private services. To address this issue, this study developed a cloud storage system software, which can be easily installed on commodity server to be a private cloud storage appliance to serve services like public offers in enterprises. Since the availability of a pure private service is not enough, a hybrid cloud storage architecture is also introduced in this paper along with the proposed storage system software. In the proposed hybrid architecture, the encrypted remote backup store and automatic service restore mechanism will be illustrated. With this hybrid cloud storage architecture, private storage appliance can cooperate with public virtual one to provide enterprises with a service operational high availability. The performance of the local cloud storage system software was measured. The result indicates that our cloud storage system software is able to be installed on resource limited devices to serve enterprise employees.
Synthesis and reactivity of cyanomethyl 2‐amino‐4‐methylthiazolyl ketone. A facile synthesis of novel pyrazolo[5,1‐c]1,2,4‐triazine, 1,2,4‐triazolo[5,1‐c]1,2,4‐triazine, 1,2,4‐triazino[4,3‐a]benzimidazole, pyridazine‐6‐imine and 6‐oxopyridazinone derivatives (1999)

The novel and versatile cyanomethyl 2-amino-4-methylthiazolyl ketone (5) was prepared by treatment of bromomethyl 2-amino-4-methyl thiazolyl ketone (4) with potassium cyanide. Reaction of 5 with heterocyclic diazonium salts 6a,b and 10 afforded the corresponding hydrazones 7a,b and 11, respectively. Refluxing of the hydrazones in pyridine afforded the corresponding pyrazolo[5,1-c]-1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-c]-1,2,4-triazine, and 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]benzimidazole derivatives 8a,b and 12, respectively, via intramolecular cyclization. Compound 5 coupled also with benzenediazonium chloride to afford the corresponding hydrazone 14, which is an excellent precursor for the synthesis of pyridazine-6-imine 17a and pyridazinone 17b. The pyridazine derivatives 17a,b were also prepared by an independent route, that is, the condensation with malononitriles and coupling with benzenediazonium chloride, followed by intramolecular cyclization. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 10: 385–390, 1999
Expression profiling of PC‐3 cell line variants and comparison of MIC‐1 transcript levels in benign and malignant prostate (2007)

Differential expression of the MIC-1 gene occurs during prostate cancer progression. The transcript level of the MIC-1 gene in histologically benign tissue seems to approach that in paired cancer tissue concomitant with an increasing Gleason score.
Molecular heterogeneity in the choroid plexus epithelium: the 22‐member γ‐protocadherin family is differentially expressed, apically localized, and implicated in CSF regulation (2011)

The choroid plexus (CP) epithelium develops from the ependyma that lines the ventricular system, and plays a critical role in the development and function of the brain. In addition to being the primary site of CSF production, the CP maintains the blood-CSF barrier via apical tight junctions between epithelial cells. Here we show that the 22-member γ-protocadherin (γ-Pcdh) family of cell adhesion molecules, which we have implicated previously in synaptogenesis and neuronal survival, is highly expressed by both CP epithelial and ependymal cells, in which γ-Pcdh protein localization is, surprisingly, tightly restricted to the apical membrane. Multi-label immunostaining demonstrates that γ-Pcdhs are excluded from tight junctions, basolateral adherens junctions, and apical cilia tufts. RT-PCR analysis indicates that, as a whole, the CP expresses most members of the Pcdh-γ gene family. Immunostaining using novel monoclonal antibodies specific for single γ-Pcdh proteins shows that individual epithelial cells differ in their apically localized γ-Pcdh repertoire. Restricted mutation of the Pcdh-γ locus in the choroid plexus and ependyma leads to significant reductions in ventricular volume, without obvious disruptions of epithelial apical-basal polarity. Together, these results suggest an unsuspected role for the γ-Pcdhs in CSF production and demonstrate a surprising molecular heterogeneity in the CP epithelium.
Emerging network architecture and functional design considerations for 5G radio access (2016)

Abstract While there is already a common understanding of the services, which 5th generation (5G) mobile communications systems should support, and the key technology components needed to achieve this, there is still the need for further clarification and consensus among key players on the overall 5G radio access network (RAN) architecture and its detailed functional design. The 5G public private partnership (5G PPP) project METIS‐II has the objective to foster exactly this consensus building before and in the early days of the standardisation work for 5G. This paper lists the 5G RAN design requirements as identified in the project and summarises the latest considerations of METIS‐II on the air interface landscape in 5G, the envisioned logical RAN architecture and related aspects, as well as key functional design considerations in 5G, which have found wide endorsement within the project. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Cell-penetrating peptides (2008)

Internalization of cell-penetrating peptides, well described in mammalian cell system, has recently been reported in a range of plant cells by three independent groups. Despite fundamental differences between animal cell and plant cell composition, the CPP uptake pattern between the mammalian system and the plant system is very similar. Tat, Tat-2 pVEC and transportan internalisation is concentration dependent and non saturable, enhanced at low temperature (4 degrees C), and receptor independent. The use of CPPs as nanocarrier for macromolecular delivery in plant cells is now achievable and the advances made in mammalian cells greatly enhance our understanding of cell-membrane and CPP-macromolecule complex interaction in plant. The cross membrane nanocarrier ability of CPPs promises new avenues in the field of plant biotechnology.
Looping vocals and applied effects in contemporary vocal studies (2014)

Since the advent of sound capture and replication, the contemporary singing voice and applied technology have developed symbiotically. At a rudimentary level, the technological facility to capture and reproduce sound has enabled the contemporary singing voice to be heard in live and recorded contexts; the development of applied effects on the singing voice has facilitated the creative crafting of vocal aesthetics and production options within these contexts. While a variety of contemporary instruments have implemented 'looping', the more recent development of vocal looping and loop stations designed for vocalists has furthered a myriad of vocal creativities. This article outlines the practice of looping and documents the introduction of vocal looping as a pedagogical practice in contemporary vocal studies.
Anisotropic etching properties of silicon in KOH and TMAH solutions (2002)

We investigated anisotropic etching properties of single-crystal silicon as a function of crystallographic orientations in order to fabricate a variety of 3D microstructures on silicon substrates. We measured etching rates for a number of crystallographic orientations using hemispherical specimens. From the dimensional change of the specimen surface, we evaluated the etching rates for a number of crystallographic orientations. We carried out a series of experiments in KOH and TMAH solutions changing their concentration and temperature and compared anisotropic etching properties between KOH and TMAH solutions. The orientation dependencies of their etching rates differed, especially for near [111] orientations. This means that these two etchants have different etching mechanisms. Effects of etchant circulation on the etching rates were not negligible in TMAH in contrast to KOH.
Novel insight into glucagon receptor action: lessons from knockout and transgenic mouse models (2011)

Using knockout and transgenic technology, genetically modified animal models allowed us to understand the role of glucagon signalling in metabolism. Mice with a global deletion of the glucagon receptor gene (Gcgr) were designed using gene targeting. The phenotype of Gcgr(-/-) mouse provided important clues about the role of Gcgr in foetal growth, pancreatic development and glucose and lipid homeostasis. The lack of Gcgr activation was associated with: (i) hypoglycaemic pregnancies, poor foetal growth and increased foetal-neonatal demise; (ii) altered cytoarchitecture of pancreatic islets; (iii) altered glucose, lipid and hormonal milieu; (iv) reduced gastric emptying; (v) altered body composition and protection from diet-induced obesity; (vi) altered energy state; (vii) impaired hepatocyte survival; (viii) altered metabolic response to prolonged fasting and exercise and (ix) prevented development of diabetes in insulin-deficient mice. In contrast, mice overexpressing the Gcgr on pancreatic β-cells displayed an increase insulin secretion, pancreatic insulin content and β-cell mass, and partially protected against hyperglycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance when fed a high-fat diet. These findings suggest that glucagon signalling plays a significant role in the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. Treatment options designed to block Gcgr activation may have negative implications in the treatment of diabetes.
The structure of Latia luciferin (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe structure of Latia luciferinOsamu. Shimomura and Frank H. JohnsonCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 5, 1734–1738Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00845a017https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00845a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views313Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reflex firing in the lumbar sympathetic outflow to activation of vesical afferent fibres* (1972)

1. Activation of vesical afferent fibres in the Agammadelta range by electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve or by bladder distension elicited reflex firing in hypogastric nerves and in preganglionic nerves to the inferior mesenteric ganglion.2. The multisynaptic reflex was present in cats with an intact spinal cord and in acute and chronic spinal animals (transections at T10-T12). The reflex pathway was partially crossed in the sacral cord, and in the periphery at the level of the inferior mesenteric ganglia. In contrast, an inhibitory response to raised intravesical pressure was mediated by a supraspinal inhibitory mechanism which was activated in parallel with the micturition reflex.3. Since enhancement as well as depression of sympathetic firing accompanied reflex micturition, it is concluded that at least two distinct populations of lumbar preganglionic neurones are responsive to vesical afferent activity: one population being excited, the other depressed, during micturition. The latter population may be involved in an inhibitory feed-back mechanism on to the bladder.
The Functional Significance of Cell Clusters in the Notochordal Nucleus Pulposus (2004)

These results demonstrate that the notochordal cells in adult dog nucleus pulposi are able to communicate via cytoplasmic signals and that such communications may influence the functionality of these cells in the young disc.
Evolutionarily Conserved Protein Sequences of Influenza A Viruses, Avian and Human, as Vaccine Targets (2007)

This study of all reported influenza A virus protein sequences, avian and human, has identified 55 highly conserved sequences, most of which are predicted to have immune relevance as T-cell epitopes. This is a necessary first step in the design and analysis of a polyepitope, pan-influenza A vaccine. In addition to the application described herein, these technologies can be applied to other pathogens and to other therapeutic modalities designed to attack DNA, RNA, or protein sequences critical to pathogen function.
Implications of Divorce on Reasons for Living in Older Adolescents (1993)

To assess any possible differences in reasons for living between adolescents from divorced families and those from "intact" families, 286 older adolescent age undergraduates were, administered the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL). Adolescents from divorced families revealed lower Responsibility to Family beliefs, but other adaptive cognitive characteristics were not different. Various demographics were shown to have some impact on reasons for living, especially the age of the child at the time of the divorce.