gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytopathic effect determined by the amount of CD4 molecules in human cell lines expressing envelope glycoprotein of HIV. (1990)

A plasmid which has an envelope gene from the human T lymphotropic virus IIIB isolate of HIV under the transcriptional control of the human metallothionein IIA promoter was constructed and transfected into human CD4+ and CD4- cell lines. When the expression of the env gene was induced with metal ions in cloned cell lines from such transfected cells, the viral envelope protein precursor, gp160, was produced in both the CD4+ and CD4- cell clones in the same amounts. An extensive cytopathic effect developed resulting in cell killing; however, this occurred only in CD4+ and not in CD4- cell clones. The formation of syncytium was not found in those cells showing cytopathic effect. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed the envelope proteins localized in the periphery, forming a mass in the CD4+ cells but not in the CD4- cells after induction. Moreover, immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses demonstrated the formation of a complex between gp160 and CD4 molecules in the cytoplasm of those cells from whose surface CD4 Ag had already disappeared. Therefore, it is proposed that the formation of such a complex is directly related to the cell killing of CD4+ cells by envelope proteins in our cell clones as well as in infections with HIV.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Strategies for Introducing Carbohydrate Molecular Diversity into the Drug Discovery Process (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Human serum megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity appears to be distinct from interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and lymphocyte-conditioned medium (1990)

Sera from patients with bone marrow megakaryocyte aplasia are a rich source of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating activity (Meg-CSA). Other biologic materials exhibiting Meg-CSA include phytohemagglutinin- stimulated human lymphocyte-conditioned medium (PHA-LCM), recombinant interleukin-3 (IL-3), and recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Neutralizing antisera to both recombinant IL-3 and GM-CSF were used to evaluate the relationship among these sources of Meg-CSA. Varying dilutions of IL-3 and GM-CSF antisera were tested in plasma clot cultures of normal human peripheral blood megakaryocyte progenitors optimally stimulated by either IL-3 (1 U/mL), GM-CSF (1 U/mL), PHA-LCM (2.5% to 5% vol/vol), or aplastic human serum (10% vol/vol). IL-3 antiserum at dilutions up to 1/2,000 totally abrogated megakaryocyte colony growth stimulated by IL-3. A 1/500 dilution of GM-CSF antiserum completely eliminated GM-CSF-induced megakaryocyte colony development. A combination of anti-IL-3 and anti- GM-CSF, each at a 1/500 dilution, inhibited all megakaryocyte colony growth stimulated by optimal concentrations of IL-3 and GM-CSF together. There was no neutralizing crossreactivity between the IL-3 and GM-CSF antisera. At maximally neutralizing concentrations, IL-3 antiserum inhibited 66% of the megakaryocyte colony growth stimulated by PHA-LCM. Residual megakaryocyte colony growth was eliminated by the addition of a 1/500 dilution of anti-GM-CSF.
Multicenter Phase II Trial of S-1 Plus Cisplatin in Patients With Untreated Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma (2006)

S-1 plus cisplatin is active against gastric cancer and has a favorable toxicity profile. A global phase III study of S-1 plus cisplatin versus fluorouracil plus cisplatin currently is accruing patients.
Effect of the Molecular Weight and the Ionic Strength on the Photoluminescence Quenching of Water-Soluble Conjugated Polymer Sodium Poly[2-(3-thienyl)ethyloxy-4-butylsulfonate] (2005)

The photoluminescence (PL) quenching of sodium poly[2-(3-thienyl)ethyloxy-4-butylsulfonate)] (PTE-BS) by the cationic electron acceptor methyl viologen (MV2+) was investigated in samples with high (HPTE-BS) and low (LPTE-BS) molecular weight. The Stern−Volmer constant decreases with decreasing the molecular weight from 8.4 × 105 M-1 down to 2.4 × 104 M-1. This decrease is attributed to the lower concentration of the polyanion in the solution of LPTE-BS due to the lower solubility of this polymer when compared with HPTE-BS. Furthermore, we demonstrate that lowering HPTE-BS solubility by increasing the solution ionic strength affects the PL and the quenching mechanism. For the four salts investigatedNaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2the photoluminescence decreases with increasing the ionic strength, and the effect is conspicuous for the divalent cations investigated. The linear behavior characteristic of the quenching of the HPTE-BS luminescence by MV2+ disappears when the quenching is performed in the solution of CaCl2 with ionic strength 0.3 M, which points to the formation of polymer aggregates due to the electrostatic bridging between monomers helped by the divalent cations introduced in the solution.
Acetate Metabolism in a pta Mutant of Escherichia coli W3110: Importance of Maintaining Acetyl Coenzyme A Flux for Growth and Survival (1999)

In order to study the physiological role of acetate metabolism in Escherichia coli, the growth characteristics of an E. coli W3100 pta mutant defective in phosphotransacetylase, the first enzyme of the acetate pathway, were investigated. The pta mutant grown on glucose minimal medium excreted unusual by-products such as pyruvate, D-lactate, and L-glutamate instead of acetate. In an analysis of the sequential consumption of amino acids by the pta mutant growing in tryptone broth (TB), a brief lag between the consumption of amino acids normally consumed was observed, but no such lag occurred for the wild-type strain. The pta mutant was found to grow slowly on glucose, TB, or pyruvate, but it grew normally on glycerol or succinate. The defective growth and starvation survival of the pta mutant were restored by the introduction of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesis genes (phbCAB) from Alcaligenes eutrophus, indicating that the growth defect of the pta mutant was due to a perturbation of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) flux. By the stoichiometric analysis of the metabolic fluxes of the central metabolism, it was found that the amount of pyruvate generated from glucose transport by the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) exceeded the required amount of precursor metabolites downstream of pyruvate for biomass synthesis. These results suggest that E. coli excretes acetate due to the pyruvate flux from PTS and that any method which alleviates the oversupply of acetyl CoA would restore normal growth to the pta mutant.
Effects of Amphiphilic Amines on Moisture Characteristics of Alluvial and Volcanic Soils (2001)

If organic matter (OM) has amphiphilicity, the properties of hydration of the OM‐coated soil particles would vary drastically in dry conditions. Therefore, soil‐moisture characteristics within the relatively low water potential should be understood in relation to the conformation of the sorbed amphiphilic OM. In the present study, the effects of amphiphilic behavior of OM on the moisture characteristics of alluvial soil (AS) and volcanic soil (VS) were investigated using three simple amphiphilic amines. The psychrometry of AS showed the decrease of sorbed water around 1.8 nm of statistical thickness because of the sorption of hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium (HDTMA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of soils showed an increase in the wavenumber of the antisymmetric stretching of ‐OH and ‐CH 2 , suggesting the formation of hydrophobic outer surfaces by n –hexadecyl function. The peaks in the ‐CH 2 rocking band suggest that the HDTMA sorbed at AS had the residual amorphous moieties. In the case of VS–HDTMA, the peak was hidden by a broad peak due to hydrated aluminosilicates in VS. These findings imply that the amorphous moieties of HDTMA sorbed at both soils were affected by residual water in the air dried samples. According to the clay mineralogy of the soils, the greater hydrophobicity in AS–HDTMA was attributed to intercalation of HDTMA into the expansible phyllosilicates in AS. In contrast, the relatively moderate hydrophobicity in VS–HDTMA indicated that the hydrophilic micropores ( D &lt; 2 nm) in VS restrict the sorption of HDTMA but enable it to exchange water.
Vasopressin increases cytosolic free [Ca2+] in the neonatal rat cardiomyocyte. Evidence for V1 subtype receptors. (1991)

Radioligand binding studies of the cardiac arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor, together with studies on the AVP-evoked alterations in the [Ca2+]i levels, were undertaken using primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Rapid, reversible, specific, high-affinity and low-capacity binding sites were detected for the agonist, [3H]AVP, and the V1 selective antagonist, d(CH2)5 Tyr (Me)-[3H]AVP (V1 antagonist), radioligands. The V2 selective antagonist radioligand, d(CH2)5 D-Ile des-Gly NH2-[3H]AVP, showed very little binding even at very high concentrations. [3H]AVP and [3H]V1 antagonist specific binding attained equilibrium in 10 minutes at 37 degrees C. The Kd and Bmax values (mean +/- SEM) were [3H]AVP: Kd 1.44 +/- 0.18 nM; Bmax 5,253 +/- 590 sites/cell; [3H]V1 antagonist: Kd 0.96 +/- 0.10 nM; Bmax 6,869 +/- 485 sites/cell. Ki values for a series of AVP-related peptide analogues and antagonists determined by competitive inhibition of [3H]AVP binding were consistent with the saturation data. The results suggest that these cells possess a homogeneous population of V1 subtype AVP receptors. AVP increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner as judged by fura-2 fluorescence. This was completely attenuated by inclusion of the V1 antagonist. The maximal increase in [Ca2+]i evoked by AVP from a resting level of 60 +/- 5 nM was less (250 +/- 35 nM) in comparison to the maximal response evoked by angiotensin II (2,337 +/- 640 nM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
GP369, an FGFR2-IIIb–Specific Antibody, Exhibits Potent Antitumor Activity against Human Cancers Driven by Activated FGFR2 Signaling (2010)

Dysregulated fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Aberrant activation of FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) signaling, through overexpression of FGFR2 and/or its ligands, mutations, and receptor amplification, has been found in a variety of human tumors. We generated monoclonal antibodies against the extracellular ligand-binding domain of FGFR2 to address the role of FGFR2 in tumorigenesis and to explore the potential of FGFR2 as a novel therapeutic target. We surveyed a broad panel of human cancer cell lines for the dysregulation of FGFR2 signaling and discovered that breast and gastric cancer cell lines harboring FGFR2 amplification predominantly express the IIIb isoform of the receptor. Therefore, we used an FGFR2-IIIb-specific antibody, GP369, to investigate the importance of FGFR2 signaling in vitro and in vivo. GP369 specifically and potently suppressed ligand-induced phosphorylation of FGFR2-IIIb and downstream signaling, as well as FGFR2-driven proliferation in vitro. The administration of GP369 in mice significantly inhibited the growth of human cancer xenografts harboring activated FGFR2 signaling. Our findings support the hypothesis that dysregulated FGFR2 signaling is one of the critical oncogenic pathways involved in the initiation and/or maintenance of tumors. Cancer patients with aberrantly activated/amplified FGFR2 signaling could potentially benefit from therapeutic intervention with FGFR2-targeting antibodies.
Detoxifying Capacity and Kinetics of Prometheus<sup>®</sup> – A New Extracorporeal System for the Treatment of Liver Failure (2005)

Both albumin-bound and water-soluble toxins are adequately removed by the Prometheus system. Our data suggest that the rate and efficacy of removal of albumin-bound toxins is related to both the strength of the albumin binding and the saturation of the adsorption columns. Limited losses of albumin occur during treatment with the Prometheus system.
Ab initio electronic and magnetic properties of half-metallic NiCrSi and NiMnSi Heusler alloys: The role of defects and interfaces (2008)

Using state-of-the-art first-principles calculations, we study the properties of the ferromagnetic Heusler compounds NiYSi, where Y stands for V, Cr, or Mn. NiCrSi and NiMnSi contrary to NiVSi are half-metallic at their equilibrium lattice constant exhibiting integer values of the total spin magnetic moment, and thus we concentrate on these two alloys. The minority-spin gap has the same characteristics as for the well-known NiMnSb alloy being around similar to 1 eV. Upon tetragonalization, the gap is present in the density of states even for expansion or contraction of the out-of-plane lattice parameter by 5%. The Cr-Cr and Mn-Mn interactions make ferromagnetism extremely stable and the Curie temperature exceeds 1000 K for NiMnSi. Surface and interfaces with GaP, ZnS, and Si semiconductors are not half-metallic but, in the case of NiCrSi, the Ni-based contacts present spin polarization at the Fermi level around 90%. Finally, we show that there are two cases of defects and atomic-swaps. The first ones, which involve the Cr (Mn) and Si atoms, induce states at the edges of the gap, which persists for a moderate concentration of defects. Defects involving Ni atoms induce states localized within the gap completely destroying the half-metallicity. Based on single-impurity calculations, we associate these states to the symmetry of the crystal. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3005882]
Specification of regional intestinal stem cell identity during Drosophila metamorphosis (2014)

In the adult Drosophila midgut the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway is required to specify and maintain the acid-secreting region of the midgut known as the copper cell region (CCR). BMP signaling is also involved in the modulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation in response to injury. How ISCs are able to respond to the same signaling pathway in a regionally different manner is currently unknown. Here, we show that dual use of the BMP signaling pathway in the midgut is possible because BMP signals are only capable of transforming ISC and enterocyte identity during a defined window of metamorphosis. ISC heterogeneity is established prior to adulthood and then maintained in cooperation with regional signals from surrounding tissue. Our data provide a conceptual framework for how other tissues maintained by regional stem cells might be patterned and establishes the pupal and adult midgut as a novel genetic platform for identifying genes necessary for regional stem cell specification and maintenance.
Electrically-activated dilator muscles reduce pharyngeal resistance in anaesthetized dogs with upper airway obstruction (1995)

There is current controversy as to whether electrical stimulation of upper airway musculature can be used us a beneficial treatment modality in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Increased upper airway (UAW) muscle activity decreases UAW resistance (Ruaw) in isolated UAW of dogs. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of UAW muscle contraction on UAW patency in anaesthetized dogs in vivo breathing spontaneously through partially and completely obstructed UAW. Airflow and supraglottic pressure were measured to obtain Ruaw. Ruaw could be regulated by inhalation of a rubber balloon implanted transcutaneously in the pharyngeal submucosa to produce partial or complete obstruction. Wire electrodes were implanted bilaterally into the genioglossus (GG), geniohyoid (GH), sternothyroid (ST), and sternohyoid (SH) muscles for electrical stimulation (ES), and into the alae nasi for electromyographic (EMG) recording. Three levels of electrical stimulation were delivered to each muscle before and during partial or complete UAW obstruction. Genioglossus and geniohyoid stimulation both resulted in a significant reduction in Ruaw, which was most pronounced during partial obstruction, reducing Ruaw from 54 +/- 11 to 14 +/- 3 and from 74 +/- 12 to 31 +/- 5 cmH2O.L-1.s, respectively. At low voltage, stimulation of the genioglossus was more effective than stimulation of the geniohyoid in reducing Ruaw. Furthermore, electrical stimulation of the genioglossus but not of the geniohyoid released total obstruction. In contrast, electrical stimulation of the sternohyoid and sternothyroid produced no significant change in Ruaw. These findings demonstrate that selective UAW dilatory muscle contraction in spontaneously breathing anaesthetized dogs reduces Ruaw in the presence of UAW obstruction and releases UAW occlusion, with the genioglossus being the most effective muscle. This favours further attempts to investigate the benefits of electrical stimulation of selected upper airway muscles in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
Nitrofuryl heterocyclics. 1 (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrofuryl heterocyclics. 1M. D. Closier and Peter J. IslipCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 4, 638–640Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00298a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00298a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fine Grained Transaction Log for Data Recovery in Database Systems (2008)

Data recovery for malicious committed transactions after attacks increasingly becomes an important issue. Damage assessment for data recovery requires a transaction log which record data items read or written by all malicious and benign transactions. Unfortunately, conventional undo/redo log could not record read operations for transactions; and existing auditing mechanisms in DBMS could not capture operations for data items. In this paper, we introduce a concept of "Extended Read Operations" and illustrate how the Extended Read Operations would cause the damage spreading, and then a Fine Grained Transaction Log (FGTL) is proposed. The log records all the data items of the read only and update-involved operations (read and write) for the committed transactions, and even extracts data items read by the subqueries in the SQL statements. A prototype system denoted FGTL Generator is developed to generate the FGTL. Experiments based on TPC-W Benchmark show the availability for FGTL Generator.
Vascular stiffening and arterial complianceImplications for systolic blood pressure (2004)

Hypertension in older persons is characterized by increased systolic blood pressure, and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is the most common type of hypertension in this population. It is thought that ISH results from age-associated vascular stiffening and reduced compliance that can be revealed and quantified by analysis of arterial pressure waveforms. Evaluation of pulse wave velocity and other related measures has shown that arterial stiffness increases with advancing age and other cardiovascular (CV) risk factors including hypertension, the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated C-reactive protein. Many of these relationships have been demonstrated in patients without clinical CV disease and are independent of patient age. Arterial stiffness is significantly and independently associated with both target organ damage and increased risk for CV morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying age- and disease-related arterial stiffening are not fully understood. However, assessment of changes in gene expression associated with increased arterial stiffness and gene polymorphisms that increase the risk for vascular stiffening suggests that components of the renin-angiotensin system, matrix metalloproteinases, intracellular signaling, and extracellular matrix components may all be involved in this process. Interventions aimed at these targets may reduce vascular stiffness, lower systolic blood pressure, decrease the prevalence of ISH, and improve outcomes for patients (particularly older patients) with hypertension or other CV conditions.
On interactive Internet traffic replay (2005)

Abstract. In this paper, we introduce an interactive Internet traffic replay tool, TCPopera. TCPopera tries to accomplish two primary goals: (1) replaying TCP connections in the stateful manner, and (2) supporting traffic models for trace manipulation. To achieve these goals, TCPopera emulates the TCP protocol stack and replays trace interactively in terms of the TCP connection-level parameters and the IP flow-level parameters. Due to the stateful TCP connection replay feature of TCPopera, it ensures no ghost packet generation which is a critical feature for the test environments where the accuracy of protocol semantics are of fundamental importance. In our validation tests, we showed that TCPopera successfully reproduces the trace records in terms of a set of traffic parameters. Also we demonstrated how TCPopera can be deployed in the test environments for intrusion detection and prevention systems. 1
A built-in redundancy-analysis scheme for RAMs with 2D redundancy using 1D local bitmap (2006)

Built-in self-repair (BISR) technique is gaining popular for repairing embedded memory cores in system-on-chips (SOCs). To increase the utilization of memory redundancy, the BISR technique usually needs to perform built-in redundancy-analysis (BIRA) algorithm for redundancy allocation. This paper presents an efficient BIRA scheme for embedded memory repair. The BIRA scheme executes the 2D redundancy allocation based on the ID local bitmap. This enables that the BIRA circuitry can be implemented with low area cost. Also, the BIRA algorithm can provide good repair rate (i.e., the ratio of the number of repaired memories to the number of defective memories). Experimental results show that the repair rate of the proposed BIRA scheme approximates to that of the optimal scheme for the memories with different fault distributions. Also, the ratio of the analysis time to the test time is small.
CDK8-Mediated STAT1-S727 Phosphorylation Restrains NK Cell Cytotoxicity and Tumor Surveillance (2013)

The transcription factor STAT1 is important in natural killer (NK) cells, which provide immediate defense against tumor and virally infected cells. We show that mutation of a single phosphorylation site (Stat1-S727A) enhances NK cell cytotoxicity against a range of tumor cells, accompanied by increased expression of perforin and granzyme B. Stat1-S727A mice display significantly delayed disease onset in NK cell-surveilled tumor models including melanoma, leukemia, and metastasizing breast cancer. Constitutive phosphorylation of S727 depends on cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8). Inhibition of CDK8-mediated STAT1-S727 phosphorylation may thus represent a therapeutic strategy for stimulating NK cell-mediated tumor surveillance.