gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized bi-prediction method for future video coding (2016)

This paper presents a generalized bi-prediction (GBi) technique to extend the notion of the existing weighted bi-prediction to prediction unit (PU) level. GBi allows bi-prediction weights to be transmitted at the coding unit (CU) level and used for the bi-predicted PUs within that CU. The candidate set of weights in the GBi mode includes a total of 7 weights, including 1/2 used for conventional bi-prediction. An index pointing to the entry of a weight value in the candidate weight set is signaled. At most one index per CU is signaled and the corresponding weight values are shared across all the bi-prediction PUs and all color components in that CU. Besides, GBi can also be extended to inter coding tools, such as, merge mode and affine prediction that support bi-prediction. Experimental results show that GBi performs consistently better than the JEM-2.0 anchor in all rate points, with an average Y Bjentegaard delta rate reduction of 1% and no extra decoding burden introduced.
Templated self-assembly of patchy particles (2011)

We explore the use of templated self-assembly to facilitate the formation of complex target structures made from patchy particles. First, we consider the templating of high-symmetry shell structures around a spherical core particle. We find that nucleation around the core particle can inhibit aggregate formation, a process which often hinders self-assembly. In particular, this new assembly pathway allows dodecahedral shells to form readily, whereas these structures never form in the absence of the template. Secondly, we consider the self-assembly of multi-shell structures, where the central icosahedral core is known to form readily on its own, and which could then template the growth of further layers. We are able to find conditions under which two- and three-shell structures successfully assemble, illustrating the power of the templating approach.
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Targeted Cancer Therapy (2018)

In the past two decades, several molecular targeted inhibitors have been developed and evaluated clinically to improve the survival of patients with cancer. Molecular targeted inhibitors inhibit the activities of pathogenic tyrosine kinases. Particularly, aberrant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation is a potential therapeutic target. An increased understanding of genetics, cellular biology and structural biology has led to the development of numerous important therapeutics. Pathogenic RTK mutations, deletions, translocations and amplification/over-expressions have been identified and are currently being examined for their roles in cancers. Therapies targeting RTKs are categorized as small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Studies are underway to explore abnormalities in 20 types of RTK subfamilies in patients with cancer or other diseases. In this review, we describe representative RTKs important for developing cancer therapeutics and predicting or evaluated resistance mechanisms.
Antibody Affinity Maturation by Random Mutagenesis (2004)

The immune response to an antigen can be considered to occur in two stages. In the initial stage, low-affinity antibodies are generated from an existing pool of the B-cell repertoires available at the time of immunization. In the second stage, which is driven by antigen stimulation, high-affinity antibodies are produced as a result of affinity maturation, starting with the light- and heavy-chain variable region (VL and VH) genes selected in the primary response. The mechanism for affinity maturation consists of somatic hypermutation of V-region genes followed by clonal selection of B-cells that produce antibodies of the highest affinity. Recent advances in phage-displayed antibody technology have enabled the affinity maturation process to be mimicked in vitro to improve the antigen-binding affinity and even alter the binding specificity of recombinant antibodies (1–6).
22.3: Diffuse Renditions of Spatially Pixelated and Temporally Multiplexed H‐PDLCs for Full Color Reflective Displays (2001)

Abstract We report on incorporating a diffuse film into our spatial and angular multiplexing techniques to form Diffuse Holographically‐formed Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals (DHPDLC) using a single holographic exposure thus creating wide viewing angle multicolor reflective displays. Our work has resulted in a device with an increased viewing cone for wide viewing angle applications.
Modulation of the GABAA receptor by progesterone metabolites (1987)

The naturally occurring progesterone metabolites 5 beta-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one and 5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione reversibly enhance membrane currents elicited by locally applied GABA in bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. Such potentiation was not influenced by the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788. At concentrations in excess of those necessary to evoke potentiation of GABA currents, 5 beta-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one and 5 beta-pregane-3,20-dione directly activated a membrane conductance. The resulting currents were potentiated by phenobarbitone and diazepam, and abolished by the GABAA-receptor antagonist, bicuculline. On outside-out membrane patches, 5 beta-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one and 5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione activated single channel currents of similar amplitude to those evoked by GABA. The results suggest that certain naturally occurring steroids potentiate the actions of GABA and, additionally, directly activate the GABAA receptor.
A Disturbance in the Neuronal Insulin Receptor Signal Transduction in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (1999)

Disturbances of glucose and energy metabolism are hypothesized as pathogenetic factors in sporadic dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT). Insulin and is receptors play an important role in the regulation of brain glucose metabolism and neuronal growth. In postmortem brain cortex in SDAT, the densities of brain insulin receptors were decreased compared to adult controls, but were increased in relation to aged controls. Tyrosine kinase activity, a signal transduction mechanism common to insulin and IGF-1 receptors, was reduced in SDAT in comparison to middle-aged and age-matched control groups. The data are consistent with a neurotrophic role of insulin in the human brain and an upregulation of insulin receptors is SDAT brain as a compensatory mechanism, possibly due to impaired signal transduction mechanism.
Synthesis and chemistry of an unusual bridgehead alkene (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and chemistry of an unusual bridgehead alkeneJoan Zitzmann Suits, Douglas E. Applequist, and Daniel J. SwartCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 25, 5120–5123Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00173a067https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00173a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Virtual reality and augmented reality applied to laparoscopic and notes procedures (2008)

Computer-assisted surgery led to a major improvement in medicine. Such an improvement can be summarized in three major steps. The first one consists in an automated 3D modelling of patients from their medical images. The second one consists in using this modelling in surgical planning and simulator software offering then the opportunity to train the surgical gesture before carrying it out. The last step consists in intraoperatively superimposing preoperative data onto the real view of patients. This augmented reality provides surgeons a view in transparency of their patient allowing to track instruments and improve pathology targeting. We will present here our results in these different domains applied to laparoscopic and NOTES procedures.
The adjuvant activity of nonionic block polymer surfactants. II. Antibody formation and inflammation related to the structure of triblock and octablock copolymers. (1984)

We tested the ability of 17 surface-active agents to enhance antibody formation and inflammation. The surfactants were all block copolymers of hydrophilic polyoxyethylene (POE) and hydrophobic polyoxypropylene (POP), which differed in m.w. and mode of linkage of POP to POE. Mice were injected in each rear footpad with 1.25 mg of each surfactant with 25 micrograms of bovine serum albumin in an oil-in-water emulsion. Each agent produced a distinct pattern of immune response and inflammation. Preparations that are large and insoluble with the POE chains flanking the POP chains were very effective adjuvants for increasing antibody formation. They also activated complement and induced the release of chemotactic factors from serum. Increasing the percent of POE decreased adjuvant activity and inflammation. Decreasing the m.w. of the molecules while maintaining the proportions of POP and POE decreased the adjuvant activity and increased inflammation. Preparations synthesized in the reverse order, with the POP flanking POE, tended to induce granulomas instead of antibody. These data demonstrate that block copolymer surfactants have a spectrum of biologic activities that depend on the size and arrangement of their constituent parts. We suggest that much of the activity of these agents derives from their ability to form adsorptive surfaces similar to those of a mycobacterial glycolipid, quartz, and monosodium urate.
Plasma fatty acids as diagnostic markers in autistic patients from Saudi Arabia (2011)

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis shows satisfactory values of area under the curve (AUC) which could reflect the high degree of specificity and sensitivity of the altered fatty acids as biomarkers in autistic patients from Saudi Arabia.
Treatment of Human Disseminated Strongyloidiasis with a Parenteral Veterinary Formulation of Ivermectin (2005)

There are no parenteral antihelminthic drugs licensed for use in humans. We report the successful treatment of disseminated strongyloidiasis with a parenteral veterinary formulation of ivermectin in a patient presenting with severe malabsorption and paralytic ileus. To our knowledge, ivermectin levels are reported for the first time in this situation.
A FISH approach to defining the extent and possible clinical significance of deletions at the WAGR locus. (1997)

Nineteen patients were analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with selected 11p13 markers. They were examined because they had either isolated sporadic or familial aniridia, or aniridia with one or more of the WAGR (Wilms' tumour, aniridia, genital anomalies, and mental retardation) syndrome anomalies. The FISH markers from distal 11p13 were cosmids FO2121, PAX6 (aniridia), D11S324, and WT1 (Wilms' tumour predisposition). Two of the patients with isolated aniridia were abnormal, one with an apparently balanced reciprocal 7;11 translocation and an 11p13 breakpoint, which by FISH was shown to be approximately 30 kb distal to the aniridia (PAX6) gene, and the other had a submicroscopic deletion involving part of PAX6 that extended distally for approximately 245 kb. Two patients with aniridia together with other WAGR malformations had deletions involving all four cosmids. One case with aniridia associated with developmental and growth delay had a deletion including FO2121 and PAX6 but not D11S324 and WT1, while in a further case the deletion included all four test cosmids. These studies show that a combined conventional and molecular cytogenetic approach to patients presenting with aniridia is a useful method for differentiating between those with deletions extending into and including WT1 and therefore between those with high and low risks of developing Wilms' tumour.
Ultrastructural alterations of frozen‐thawed Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) spermatozoa (2005)

Intact plasma and acrosome membranes and functional mitochondria following cryopreservation are important attributes for the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. In the present study, functional and ultrastructural changes of Asian elephant spermatozoa after cryopreservation either in TEST + glycerol or HEPT + dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were evaluated by fluorescent techniques and electron microscopy. Sperm frozen in TEST + glycerol had higher proportion of sperm with intact plasma (49.1 +/- 9.2% vs. 30.9 +/- 3.9%) and acrosomal (53.7 +/- 4.9% vs. 35.8 +/- 6.1%) membranes, as well as active mitochondria (57.0 +/- 7.2% vs. 42.0 +/- 5.0%) than those cryopreserved in HEPT + DMSO. The results obtained from electron microscopy were similar to those obtained by fluorescence microscopy. The percentage of normal spermatozoa was higher when spermatozoa were frozen in TEST + glycerol than those frozen in HEPT + DMSO (31.8 +/- 5.6 vs. 28.5 +/- 6.4). The ultrastructural alterations revealed by transmission electron microscopy could be classified as (i) distension of plasma membrane, while the acrosome was swollen; (ii) disruption or loss of plasma membrane, while acrosome was swollen with distended outer acrosomal membrane; (iii) disruption or loss of plasma and outer acrosomal membrane with leakage of acrosome content; (iv) extensive vesiculation of plasma and outer acrosomal membrane and leakage of acrosome content; (v) a complete loss of both plasma membrane and outer acrosomal membrane; and (vi) swelling of mitochondria. These findings suggest that the freezing and thawing procedure caused structural damage to elephant spermatozoa, especially in the plasma membrane, acrosome and mitochondria. Fluorescence and electron microscopic evaluations are potentially a powerful tool in the analysis of elephant spermatozoa after freezing and thawing.
The 1995 Robot Competition and Exhibition (1996)

The 1995 Robot Competition and Exhibition was held in Montreal, Canada, in conjunction with the 1995 International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. The competition was designed to demonstrate state-of-the-art autonomous mobile robots, highlighting such tasks as goal-directed navigation, feature detection, object recognition, identification, and physical manipulation as well as effective human-robot communication. The competition consisted of two separate events: (1) Office Delivery and (2) Office Cleanup. The exhibition also consisted of two events: (1) demonstrations of robotics research that was not related to the contest and (2) robotics focused on aiding people who are mobility impaired. There was also a Robotics Forum for technical exchange of information between robotics researchers. Thus, this year's events covered the gamut of robotics research, from discussions of control strategies to demonstrations of useful prototype application systems.
A randomized study to compare the efficacy and safety of extended-release and immediate-release tramadol HCl/acetaminophen in patients with acute pain following total knee replacement (2014)

Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01814878.
TASTE PREFERENCES AND FOOD INTAKE (1997)

Sensory responses to the taste, smell, and texture of foods help determine food preferences and eating habits. However, sensory responses alone do not predict food consumption. The view that a "sweet tooth" leads to obesity through excess sugar consumption is overly narrow. In reality, there are multiple links between taste perceptions, taste preferences, food preferences, and food choices and the amount of food consumed. Taste responses are influenced by a range of genetic, physiological, and metabolic variables. The impact of taste factors on food intake further depends on sex and age and is modulated by obesity, eating disorders, and other pathologies of eating behavior. Food preferences and food choices of populations are further linked to attitudinal, social, and--probably most important--economic variables such as income. Nutrition education and intervention strategies aimed at improving population diets ought to consider sensory pleasure response to foods, in addition to a wide range of demographic and sociocultural variables.
Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia associated with nitrosourea chemotherapy: report of two cases. (1976)

Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia developed in two patients who were treated postoperatively with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Both patients survived more than 4 years after the diagnosis of brain tumor, and both had extended periods of myelosuppression secondary to nitrosourea chemotherapy. Nitrosourea therapy may have facilitated the development of acute leukemia in these patients.
Evaluation of Ultra-Thin Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Films for Tissue-Engineered Skin (2001)

Various natural and synthetic polymeric materials have been used as scaffold matrices for tissue-engineered skin. However, the commercially available skin replacement products pose problems of poor mechanical properties and immunological rejection. We have thus developed a film of 5 microm thickness, via biaxial stretching of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), as a potential matrix for living skin replacements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using biaxially stretched PCL films as matrices for culturing human dermal fibroblasts. For this purpose, we cultured human dermal fibroblasts for 7 days on the films. Glass cover slips and polyurethane (PU) sheets were used as controls. The data from phase contrast light, confocal laser, and scanning electron microscopy suggested that biaxially stretched PCL films support the attachment and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. Thymidine-labeling results showed quantitatively that cell proliferation on the PCL films was superior to that on the PU samples. These results indicated that biaxially stretched PCL films supported the growth of human dermal fibroblasts and might have potential to be applied in tissue engineering a dermal equivalent or skin graft.
Binding of Alkylurea Inhibitors to Epoxide Hydrolase Implicates Active Site Tyrosines in Substrate Activation (2000)

The structures of two alkylurea inhibitors complexed with murine soluble epoxide hydrolase have been determined by x-ray crystallographic methods. The alkyl substituents of each inhibitor make extensive hydrophobic contacts in the soluble epoxide hydrolase active site, and each urea carbonyl oxygen accepts hydrogen bonds from the phenolic hydroxyl groups of Tyr(381) and Tyr(465). These hydrogen bond interactions suggest that Tyr(381) and/or Tyr(465) are general acid catalysts that facilitate epoxide ring opening in the first step of the hydrolysis reaction; Tyr(465) is highly conserved among all epoxide hydrolases, and Tyr(381) is conserved among the soluble epoxide hydrolases. In one enzyme-inhibitor complex, the urea carbonyl oxygen additionally interacts with Gln(382). If a comparable interaction occurs in catalysis, then Gln(382) may provide electrostatic stabilization of partial negative charge on the epoxide oxygen. The carboxylate side chain of Asp(333) accepts a hydrogen bond from one of the urea NH groups in each enzyme-inhibitor complex. Because Asp(333) is the catalytic nucleophile, its interaction with the partial positive charge on the urea NH group mimics its approach toward the partial positive charge on the electrophilic carbon of an epoxide substrate. Accordingly, alkylurea inhibitors mimic features encountered in the reaction coordinate of epoxide ring opening, and a structure-based mechanism is proposed for leukotoxin epoxide hydrolysis.
PVM: A framework for parallel distributed computing (1990)

Abstract The PVM system is a programming environment for the development and execution of large concurrent or parallel applications that consist of many interacting, but relatively independent, components. It is intended to operate on a collection of heterogeneous computing elements interconnected by one or more networks. The participating processors may be scalar machines, multiprocessors, or special‐purpose computers, enabling application components to execute on the architecture most appropriate to the algorithm. PVM provides a straightforward and general inferface that permits the description of various types of algorithms (and their interactions), while the underlying infrastructure permits the execution of applications on a virtual computing environment that supports multiple parallel computation models. PVM contains facilities for concurrent, sequential or conditional execution of application components, is portable to a variety of architectures, and supports certain forms of error detection and recovery.
Renin-angiotensin system (1993)

Historical introduction phylogeny and comparative physiology genetic aspects of the renin system renin - purification, structure - biochemical aspects enzymic reactions of the RAS - biochemical aspects inactive renin - biochemical aspects a perspective on inactive renin angiotensinogen - biochemical aspects angiotensins - biochemical aspects ACE - biochemical aspects angiotensinases - biochemical aspects angiotensin receptors - biochemical aspects renin - measurement angiotensinogen - measurement angiotensins - measurement ACE - measurement renin and angiotensin standards intrarenal and intracellular distribution of renin and angiotensin the human renin-secreting cell in health and disease secretory pathways intrarenal variations in renin elimination of renin and ang II by the kidney - renin in urine metabolism of renin angiotensinogen and the angiotensins by tissues control of renin secretion intrarenal AII receptors intrarenal and circulating AII and renal function renal actions of AII in man - normal and abnormal fast and slow pressor effects renin, angiotensin and vascular endothelium intracellular mechanisms of action of renin renin and angiotensin - trophic effects on blood vessels and heart renin and thirst renin and control of aldosterone inter-relations between renin and ACTH inter-relations between renin and ADH inter-relations between renin and ANP inter-relations between the RAS and the ANS/catecholamines renin, the kidney and prostaglandins renin and erythropoietin angiotensin - toxic effect on kidneys, heart and brain brain heart and vessels salivary glands adrenal gland uterus and amniotic fluid ovary testis and epididymis a perspective on extrarenal renin the renin system and reproduction in animals the renin system in fertility and normal human pregnancy the foetal renin system the renin system in human pregnancy hypertension renin system with oral contraception renin-secreting tumours renin in reno-vascular hypertension renin in clinical renal failure - acute and chronic renin and polycystic kidney disease renin in nephrotic syndrome renin in aortic coarction renin in malignant hypertension genetics and essential (primary) hypertension - contribution of renin renin in essential hypertension renin in mineralocorticoid hypertension renin in Bartter's syndrome renin in Gordon's syndrome renin in Liddle's syndrome renin in pheochromocytoma renin in adrenal insufficiency hyperreninemic selective hypoaldosteronism hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism renin and haemorrhage renin in anorexia nervosa, purgative abuse, surreptitious vomiting renin in diabetes insipidus renin as a regulator of blood-pressure, sodium, water and potassium balance. (Part contents)