gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene-Specific Countermeasures against Ebola Virus Based on Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers (2006)

The filoviruses Marburg virus and Ebola virus (EBOV) quickly outpace host immune responses and cause hemorrhagic fever, resulting in case fatality rates as high as 90% in humans and nearly 100% in nonhuman primates. The development of an effective therapeutic for EBOV is a daunting public health challenge and is hampered by a paucity of knowledge regarding filovirus pathogenesis. This report describes a successful strategy for interfering with EBOV infection using antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs). A combination of EBOV-specific PMOs targeting sequences of viral mRNAs for the viral proteins (VPs) VP24, VP35, and RNA polymerase L protected rodents in both pre- and post-exposure therapeutic regimens. In a prophylactic proof-of-principal trial, the PMOs also protected 75% of rhesus macaques from lethal EBOV infection. The work described here may contribute to development of designer, "druggable" countermeasures for filoviruses and other microbial pathogens.
In Vitroandin VivoBioactivity of Recombinant Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Partially Deglycosylated Variants Secreted by Transfected Eukaryotic Cell Lines* (1990)

Recent studies have shown that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the FSH subunit genes secrete bioactive FSH. Here, we determined the in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of recombinant FSH produced by CHO mutant cells deficient in the glycosylation enzyme N-acetylglucosamine transferase-I (NAGT-), resulting in glycoproteins with asparagine-linked (GlcNAc)2(Mannose)5 oligosaccharides, or mutant cells defective in sialic acid transport into the Golgi (ST-). In the latter, glycoproteins are secreted lacking terminal sialic acids. Determination of in vitro bioactivity, using the granulosa cell aromatase bioassay, indicated that both FSH variants are as active as FSH secreted by the wild type (WT) cells and purified pituitary FSH. Also, these normal and variant forms of FSH are equipotent in a radioligand receptor assay using rat testis membranes. However, the variant FSH molecules are more basic than the WT FSH as determined using a chromatofocusing column (pI: wild type 3.6-5.0, NAGT- greater than 7.0, ST- approximately 6.0 and greater than 7.0). Injection of immature estrogen-treated rats with WT FSH induced high aromatase activity in their granulosa cells whereas treatment with either one of the FSH variants was ineffective; the lack of in vivo activity of the FSH variants was correlated with rapid clearance of these molecules in serum. Thus, recombinant human FSH produced by cells deficient in NAGT-I or defective in sialic acid transport retains normal receptor binding and in vitro bioactivity, but exhibits minimal in vivo activity and a shortened half-life when compared to WT FSH, indicating the important role of terminal sugars for FSH action in vivo.
Group B Streptococcal Type II and III Conjugate Vaccines: Physicochemical Properties That Influence Immunogenicity (2006)

Recent efforts toward developing vaccines against group B streptococci (GBS) have focused on increasing the immunogenicity of GBS polysaccharides by conjugation to carrier proteins. However, partial depolymerization of GBS polysaccharides for the production of vaccines is a difficult task because of their acid-labile, antigenically critical sialic acids. Here we report a method for the partial depolymerization of type II and III polysaccharides by mild deaminative cleavage to antigenic fragments with reducing-terminal 2,5-anhydro-d-mannose residues. Through the free aldehydes of their newly formed end groups, the fragments were conjugated to tetanus toxoid by reductive amination. The resulting conjugates stimulated the production in animals of high-titer type II- and III-specific antibodies which induced opsonophagocytic killing of type II and III strains of group B streptococci. For the type II conjugates, immunogenicity increased as oligosaccharide size decreased, whereas for type III conjugates, the size of the oligosaccharides did not significantly influence immunogenicity. When oligosaccharides of defined size were conjugated through sialic acid residues, the resulting cross-linkages were shown to affect immunogenicity. When oligosaccharides were conjugated through terminal aldehyde groups generated by deamination, modification of the exocyclic chain of sialic acid did not influence immunogenicity.
Radial gratings as moir$eacute$ gauges (1968)

A theory on the formation of moiré patterns by mutually interfering radial gratings is developed. It is shown that the moiré fringes formed inside the circle, which has as diameter the centre-to-centre distance of the gratings, belong to the additive moiré type and they represent families of confocal equilateral hyperbolae. Outside this circle the subtractive moiré pattern is valid, which consists of circles of different radii whose centres lie on the perpendicular bisector of the centre-to-centre distance. For the radial grating moiré gauge the additive moiré pattern is of importance since two sectors of radial gratings are used with a large centre-to-centre distance. The radial gauge is convenient for determining the normal components of strains. The advantage of this type of gauge over the line grating gauge is that the radial grating corresponds to an infinite number of line gratings of progressively varying pitch. This allows a correct evaluation of displacement and strain at a suitably selected gauge length.
Real-Time Head and Hand Tracking Based on 2.5D Data (2012)

A novel real-time algorithm for head and hand tracking is proposed in this paper. This approach is based on data from a range camera, which is exploited to resolve ambiguities and overlaps. The position of the head is estimated with a depth-based template matching, its robustness being reinforced with an adaptive search zone. Hands are detected in a bounding box attached to the head estimate, so that the user may move freely in the scene. A simple method to decide whether the hands are open or closed is also included in the proposal. Experimental results show high robustness against partial occlusions and fast movements. Accurate hand trajectories may be extracted from the estimated hand positions, and may be used for interactive applications as well as for gesture classification purposes.
Size and motion of the mitral valve annulus in man. I. A two-dimensional echocardiographic method and findings in normal subjects. (1981)

Using wide-angle, phased-array, two-dimensional echocardiography, mitral leaflets and their annular attachments were recorded from a view close to the standard apical four-chamber view. The transducer was rotated and recordings were made at 30 degrees rotational intervals around the circumference of the mitral valve annulus. To reconstruct the annulus, the diameters (chords) from each rotational interval were arranged around a reference point. This was done for 12 times during the cardiac cycle. Annular areas were planimetered and circumferences measured. Correlation was good for areas reconstructed and measured by the same observer on separate occasions (r = 0.963) and by two different observers (r = 0.987). In 11 normal subjects the annular area index (area divided by body surface area) increased during diastole to a maximum of 3.8 +/- 0.7 cm2/m2 (mean +/- SD) in late diastole. There was presystolic followed by systolic narrowing to a minimum in midsystole. The mean reduction in area was 26 +/- 3%. The maximal annular circumference was 9.3 +/- 0.9 cm and the mean reduction in circumference was 13 +/- 3%. The overall motion pattern was similar to that reported in experimental studies in the dog. Mitral annular reconstruction may provide new information about normal and abnormal function of the mitral valve apparatus.
Efficient infection from cDNA clones of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus RNAs in a new plasmid vector (1995)

Full-length cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) cDNAs were cloned into a new plasmid vector containing a modified plant virus promoter designed to transcribe the inserted sequence from its first nucleotide. cDNA copies of CMV strain Q (Q-CMV) genomic RNAs 1, 2 and 3 cloned into this vector were infectious when inoculated together, producing symptoms indistinguishable from those caused by wildtype Q-CMV infection. The infectivity of the clones could be substantially increased by excision of the viral insert together with the transcriptional promoter and terminator prior to inoculation. A diagnostic but silent mutation was introduced into the RNA 2 cDNA and found to be stably maintained in viral infection, allowing distinction of the recombinant virus from native contaminants. The infectious cDNA clones supported the replication of CMV satellite RNA when co-inoculated with biologically active Q-CMV satellite RNA transcripts. Using the infectious cDNAs described, it was found that a newly-identified overlapping gene (2b) encoded by Q-CMV RNA 2 was not essential for either systemic viral infection of Nicotiana glutinosa or replication of the satellite RNAs.
Discovery of Raltegravir, a Potent, Selective Orally Bioavailable HIV-Integrase Inhibitor for the Treatment of HIV-AIDS Infection (2008)

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) integrase is one of the three virally encoded enzymes required for replication and therefore a rational target for chemotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. We report here the discovery of Raltegravir, the first HIV-integrase inhibitor approved by FDA for the treatment of HIV infection. It derives from the evolution of 5,6-dihydroxypyrimidine-4-carboxamides and N-methyl-4-hydroxypyrimidinone-carboxamides, which exhibited potent inhibition of the HIV-integrase catalyzed strand transfer process. Structural modifications on these molecules were made in order to maximize potency as HIV-integrase inhibitors against the wild type virus, a selection of mutants, and optimize the selectivity, pharmacokinetic, and metabolic profiles in preclinical species. The good profile of Raltegravir has enabled its progression toward the end of phase III clinical trials for the treatment of HIV-1 infection and culminated with the FDA approval as the first HIV-integrase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
Metabolic syndrome (2012)

M etabolic syndrome is defined as the simultaneous presence of central obesity, glucose ab- normality, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, with the assumption that these entities share insulin resistance as a common pathophysiology. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and International Diabetes Federation guidelines have led to uniformity and standardization of the definition of metabolic syndrome, but some confusion and controversy remains. The clinical relevance of metabolic syndrome is related to its role in the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This article provides a comprehensive discussion on the pathophysiologic basis and the pharmacologic treatments for metabolic syndrome. We do not yet have specific pharmacologic treatments for the essential pathophysiologies of metabolic syndrome, so meticulous control of each component is required.
Simplifying key management in electronic fund transfer point of sale systems (1983)

In the letter we will consider some of the security problems that arise within a large electronic fund transfer point of sale (EFTPOS) system, paying particular attention to the difficulties of key management. In particular, we will introduce the concept of a transaction key which provides automatic key management at almost no extra cost.
Geometric molecular similarity from volume‐based distance minimization: Application to saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin (1995)

Abstract The geometric molecular dissimilarity between two molecules is defined as the difference between the volume of their union minus the volume of their intersection. This dissimilarity has the mathematical properties of a distance. This distance is minimized under all rotations and translations using a discrete Broyden, Fletcher, Goldfarb &amp; Shanno (B.F.G.S.) algorithm. The optimal geometric superimposition of saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin is discussed. © 1995 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Both hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies are caused by mutation of the same gene, δ-sarcoglycan, in hamster: An animal model of disrupted dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (1997)

Cardiomyopathy (CM) is a primary degenerative disease of myocardium and is traditionally categorized into hypertrophic and dilated CMs (HCM and DCM) according to its gross appearance. Cardiomyopathic hamster (CM hamster), a representative model of human hereditary CM, has HCM and DCM inbred sublines, both of which descend from the same ancestor. Herein we show that both HCM and DCM hamsters share a common defect in a gene for delta-sarcoglycan (delta-SG), the functional role of which is yet to be characterized. A breakpoint causing genomic deletion was found to be located at 6.1 kb 5' upstream of the second exon of delta-SG gene, and its 5' upstream region of more than 27.4 kb, including the authentic first exon of delta-SG gene, was deleted. This deletion included the major transcription initiation site, resulting in a deficiency of delta-SG transcripts with the consequent loss of delta-SG protein in all the CM hamsters, despite the fact that the protein coding region of delta-SG starting from the second exon was conserved in all the CM hamsters. We elucidated the molecular interaction of dystrophin-associated glycoproteins including delta-SG, by using an in vitro pull-down study and ligand overlay assay, which indicates the functional role of delta-SG in stabilizing sarcolemma. The present study not only identifies CM hamster as a valuable animal model for studying the function of delta-SG in vivo but also provides a genetic target for diagnosis and treatment of human CM.
Improved Mobilization of Peripheral Blood CD34 + Cells and Dendritic Cells by AMD3100 plus Granulocyte–Colony-Stimulating Factor in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients (2007)

AMD3100 is a drug capable of mobilizing peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) in donors and in cancer patients as a single agent or in combination with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). We initiated a phase II study of 11 refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients, receiving 16 microg/kg daily of G-CSF for 4 days followed by 240 microg/kg of AMD3100 given subcutaneously on a new schedule of 9-10 h before apheresis collection on day 5. Our aims were to assess the effect of AMD3100 on the mobilization of CD34+ cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and lymphoma cells. Administration of G-CSF and AMD3100 were continued daily until >or=2 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg were collected. Adequate collection of the target of CD34+ cells was achieved in all but 1 patient within 2 days, and 10/11 patients were transplanted within 2 months. All transplanted patients engrafted with a mean of 10 and 12 days for neutrophils and platelets, respectively. Addition of AMD3100 to G-CSF resulted with >2.5-fold increase in CD34+ cells/microl (p = 0.0001) and in a >2-fold increase in pDC1 and pDC2 cells/microl (p = 0.003). Adverse events related to AMD3100 were minimal. AMD3100 was generally safe and improved PBSC and DC cell mobilization with no apparent contamination of lymphoma cells.
Hyaluronan Improves the Healing of Experimental Tympanic Membrane Perforations: A Comparison of Preparations With Different Rheologic Properties (1988)

Preparations of hyaluronan at various concentrations and molecular weights were topically applied to experimental tympanic membrane (TM), perforations in the rat and their ability to improve the healing pattern was elucidated. The perforation occupied the upper posterior quadrant of the TM. Alterations in healing rate and quality of the healed TM were examined by otomicroscopy and in histologic sections. Hyaluronan enhanced the healing rate and resulted in less opacity and structural alteration of the scar area. Closure time for the TM perforation was correlated to the concentration of hyaluronan but not to its molecular weight or viscosity. Improved scar quality was obtained in the presence of hyaluronan irrespective of its rheologic properties. Hyaluronan improved the restoration of the fibrous connective tissue layer. Treatment of TM perforation in man with hyaluronan at high concentrations should be considered as an alternative to myringoplasty.
Analyzing and minimizing PCR amplification bias in Illumina sequencing libraries (2011)

Despite the ever-increasing output of Illumina sequencing data, loci with extreme base compositions are often under-represented or absent. To evaluate sources of base-composition bias, we traced genomic sequences ranging from 6% to 90% GC through the process by quantitative PCR. We identified PCR during library preparation as a principal source of bias and optimized the conditions. Our improved protocol significantly reduces amplification bias and minimizes the previously severe effects of PCR instrument and temperature ramp rate.
Quantum dot infrared photodetectors (2001)

Self-assembled strained semiconductor nanostructures have been grown on GaAs substrates to fabricate quantum dot infrared photodetectors. State-filling photoluminescence experiments have been used to probe the zero-dimensional states and revealed four atomic-like shells (s,p,d,f) with an excitonic intersublevel energy spacing which was adjusted to ∼60 meV. The lower electronic shells were populated with carriers by n doping the heterostructure, and transitions from the occupied quantum dot states to the wetting layer or to the continuum states resulted in infrared photodetection. We demonstrate broadband normal-incidence detection with a responsivity of a few hundred mA/W at a detection wavelength of ∼5 μm.
Super-scalar processor design (1989)

A super-scalar processor is one that is capable of sustaining an instruction-execution rate of more than one instruction per clock cycle. Maintaining this execution rate is primarily a problem of scheduling processor resources (such as functional units) for high A number of scheduling algorithms have been published, with wide-ranging claims of performance over the single-instruction issue of a scalar processor. However, a number of these claims are based on idealizations or on special-purpose applications. This study uses trace-driven simulation to evaluate many different super-scalar hardware organizations. Super-scalar performance is limited caused by both branch delays and instruction mis b instruction-fetch inefficiencies of this instruction-fetch lirnitation, it is not worthwhile to explore highly-concurrent execution hardware, Rather, it is more appro to explore economical execution hardware that more closely matches the oughput provided b reducing the instruction-fetch inef the instruction This stud ciencies and explores the resulting examines techniques for ardware This study concludes that a super-scalar processor can have nearly twice the scalar processor, but that this re uires that four major hardware features: xformance of a out-o -order execution, register renarmng, branch pre and a four-instruction decoder. These features are interdependent, and removing any single feature reduces average performance by 18% or more. However, there are many hardware simplifications that cause only a small performance reduction.
Differing utilization of homologous transcription initiation sites of rat K and T kininogen genes under inflammation condition. (1987)

Two types of rat kininogen mRNAs exhibit marked differences in the regulation of their expressions. The two T kininogen (T) mRNAs considerably increase under acute inflammation conditions, although no such increase occurs in the high molecular weight and low molecular weight K kininogen (K) mRNAs encoded by the same gene. This investigation examines the sequences of the 5' portions of the K and the two T genes and analyzes transcription initiation sites and their utilization at differently regulated conditions of the K and T genes. The sequence analysis indicates that the K and the two T genes are extremely homologous at the 5' portions as well as the 5'-flanking regions of at least 1.0 kilobase pairs. The S1 nuclease and primer extension analyses show that both T and K mRNAs start with three sets of the homologous initiation sites, and the utilization of the two 3'-side initiation sites of the T genes markedly increases under inflammation conditions. In contrast, no such elevation is observed for the three initiation sites of the K gene. Thus, although the sequences involved as transcription initiation sites are extremely homologous, their utilizations in the expressions of the K and T genes are regulated differently under inflammation conditions.
A Catalytic Telomerization Reaction of Ethylene with Aromatic Hydrocarbons (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Catalytic Telomerization Reaction of Ethylene with Aromatic HydrocarbonsG. G. Eberhardt and W. A. ButteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 10, 2928–2932Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01033a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01033a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views789Altmetric-Citations195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantitative Studies on Cell Proteins in Suspension Cultures (1970)

The protein per cell decreases during a 96‐hour growth of Chang's and HeLa cells cultivated in suspension. This decrease is very high for the cytoplasmic proteins, while the nuclear proteins appear to be more stable. The content of cell proteins is reestablished during a phase of intensive enrichment which occurs during the first 30–60 min of the newly inoculated culture. The rate of protein labelling in this phase appears to be greater in the nuclei than in the cytoplasm. Both the level of rapid accumulation and the decrease of the protein content with time appear to be a function of cell density. The rapid protein accumulation occurs when this density in the culture is lowest. With time and increase of the cell density in the culture, the protein content per cell goes down. In non‐synchronized cells this decrease is steady. In “naturally” synchronized cells it shows itself in an oscillatory fashion. The artificial thymidine synchronization of HeLa suggests that the fluctuating protein production in the “naturally” synchronized cultures of these cells is linked with the periodical doubling of the cell number during the growth cycle which includes, for HeLa, at least three cell cycles.
Fatal Vaccine-Induced Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Black-Footed Ferrets (1976)

Four black-footed ferrets that were live-trapped in South Dakota and transported to the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center died within 21 days after vaccination with modified live canine distemper virus. Immunofluorescence, European ferret inoculation, virus isolation attempts, and serum-neutralization tests indicated insufficient attenuation of the vaccine for this species.