gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular self-assembly through hydrogen bonding: aggregation of five molecules to form a discrete supramolecular structure (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular self-assembly through hydrogen bonding: aggregation of five molecules to form a discrete supramolecular structureChristopher T. Seto, John P. Mathias, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4, 1321–1329Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00057a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00057a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1235Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The EPP Materialized First, Agree Later: Wh-Questions, Subjects and Mo'also'-Phrases ∗ (2005)

Long-term hyperglycemia is a typical symptom of diabetes mellitus (DM) which can cause a high level of protein glycation and lead to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The accumulation of AGEs in turn deteriorates DM and its complications. Insulin, the only hormone that directly decreases blood sugar in vivo, is vulnerable to glycation which causes the loss of its biological activity. In this study, we used a porcine insulin (PI)-methylglyoxal (MGO) model to investigate the inhibitory effect of leonurine (LN), a natural alkaloid extracted from Herba leonuri, on AGE formation. Assays including AGE-specific fluorescence, and fructosamine level and carbonyl group content determination showed that LN can dose-dependently suppress PI glycation. A significantly decreased cross-linking level on the glycated PI was also proven by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. A further liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry study suggested that LN may inhibit PI glycation through trapping MGO and keeping it from reacting with PI. Our results thus indicate that LN is a promising anti-glycation agent for the prevention of diabetes and its complications via inhibiting AGE formation.
High and Low Diabetes Incidence Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) Mice: Origins and Characterisation (1991)

The Nonobese Diabetic mouse (NOD mouse) is an established model of autoimmune diabetes mellitus. While all colonies of NOD mice are derived from a single diabetic female detected during the breeding of a cataract-prone strain of mice, some of the dispersed colonies have been separated for many generations and express varying levels of diabetes. It is unclear to what extent this is due to environmental factors such as diet factor or a result of the varied origins of the colonies. Here we compare the incidence of diabetes and severity of insulitis in two divergent lines of NOD mice that differ in incidence of disease, but are maintained in the same environment. F1 crosses were performed and the progeny found to express the disease incidence of the low incidence line. This finding is consistent with either a dominant resistance gene(s) being responsible for reduced penetrance of disease or a transmissible environmental agent reducing the severity of the autoimmune process.
Silicon-processed microneedles (1999)

A combination of surface- and bulk-micromachining techniques is used to demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating microhypodermic needles. These microneedles, which may be built with on-board fluid pumps, have potential applications in the chemical and biomedical fields for localized chemical analysis, programmable drug-delivery systems, and very small, precise sampling of fluids. The microneedles are fabricated in 1, 3, and 6 mm lengths with fully enclosed channels formed of silicon nitride. The channels are 9 /spl mu/m in height and have one of two widths, 30 or 50 /spl mu/m. Access to the channels is provided at their shank and distal ends through 40-/spl mu/m square apertures in the overlying silicon nitride layer. The microneedles are found to be intact and undamaged following repetitive insertion into and removal from animal-muscle tissue (porterhouse steak).
PSGR2, a novel G-protein coupled receptor, is overexpressed in human prostate cancer (2005)

The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) recognize a large variety of extracellular molecules (such as hormones, neurotransmitters, growth and developmental factors) and several sensory messages (such as light, odors and pain). GPCRs and their signal transduction pathway represent important specific targets for a variety of human diseases. To investigate the potential roles of GPCRs in human normal prostate and prostate cancers, we identified and characterized a novel human G-protein coupled receptor, PSGR2, which is highly overexpressed in human prostate cancers. Although PSGR2 shares sequence homology with human olfactory G-protein coupled receptors, the expression of PSGR2 is highly restricted to human prostate tissue, and no expression was detected in 22 normal and 10 tumor tissues examined using Northern blot and PCR analysis. Furthermore, we investigated the expression levels of PSGR2 in 133 human prostate samples with real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and in situ hybridization method. We demonstrated that PSGR2 expression increased significantly in human high grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancers (approximately 10-fold) as compared to normal and BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) tissues (p < 0.001), suggesting PSGR2 may play an important role in human prostate cancer development and progression. Together, our results suggest that PSGR2 is a novel prostate specific G-protein coupled receptor and may be useful as a tissue marker and molecular target for the early detection and treatment of human prostate cancers.
Recognizing physical activity from ego-motion of a camera (2010)

A new image based activity recognition method for a person wearing a video camera below the neck is presented in this paper. The wearable device is used to capture video data in front of the wearer. Although the wearer never appears in the video, his or her physical activity is analyzed and recognized using the recorded scene changes resulting from the motion of the wearer. Correspondence features are extracted from adjacent frames and inaccurate matches are removed based on a set of constraints imposed by the camera model. Motion histograms are defined and calculated within a frame and we define a new feature called accumulated motion distribution derived from motion statistics in each frame. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is trained with this feature and used to classify physical activities in different scenes. Our results show that different types of activities can be recognized in low resolution, field acquired real-world video.
Fundamental challenges in mobile computing (1996)

This paper is an answer to the question "What is unique and conceptuntly different about mobile computing?" The paper begins by describing a set of constraints intrinsic to mobile computing, and examining the impact of these constraints on the design of distributed systems. Next, it summarizes the key results of the Coda and Odyssey systems. Finally, it describes the research opportunities in five important topics relevant to mobile computing: caching metrics, semantic callbacks and validators, resource revocation, analysis of adaptation, and global estimation from local observations.
Reductively degradable polymeric biomaterials (2015)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. January 2015. Major: Chemistry. Advisor: T. Andrew Taton. 1 computer file (PDF); vi, 98 pages.
The Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Family of Neuropeptides in Inflammation: Potential Therapeutic Applications (2005)

Hypothalamic CRF plays a central role in the coordination of endocrine and behavioral responses to stress and it is also involved in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric diseases including depression, anxiety and addiction. In the mammals, the CRF family of peptides includes CRF, urocortin (Ucn), Ucn I, and Ucn II while was enriched with new members, the urocortins. Their biological effects are mediated by the CRF1 and CRF2 receptors, which belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor super family. Multiple research groups have demonstrated during the last decade the expression of the CRF peptides and their receptors in several components of the immune system and their participation in the ad hoc regulation of inflammatory phenomena. Non-peptide CRF1 antagonists have been recently synthesized for the treatment of CNS related diseases, such as anxiety, depression and drug abuse. In the gastrointestinal tract, these compounds open new therapeutic options in the treatment of lower-GI inflammatory diseases associated to CRF, such as the chronic inflammatory bowel syndromes, irritable bowel disease and ulcerative colitis while Ucn, Ucn I, Ucn II or synthetic non-peptide CRF2 agonists may be useful in the treatment of upper-GI inflammatory diseases. In human endometrium, CRF1 antagonists may be used as abortive agents interfering with the inflammatory phenomena taking place during the implantation of the conceptus. They thus may represent a new class of nonsteroidal inhibitors of implantation. These two examples illustrate the potential therapeutic significance of the CRH in regulating inflammatory phenomena in an ad hoc approach without affecting the rest of the immune system.
Rapid induction of cytokine gene expression in the lung after single and fractionated doses of radiation (1999)

Inflammatory genes are rapidly induced in the lung by irradiation. This response cannot be readily abolished by steroid pre-treatment. Fractionated treatment schedules help to perpetuate the response.
M‐CSF (monocyte colony stimulating factor) and M‐CSF receptor expression by breast tumour cells: M‐CSF mediated recruitment of tumour infiltrating monocytes? (1992)

Infiltrating immune cells in 30 primary human epithelial breast tumours were studied using specific anti-CD3 (T cells), anti-CD68 (macrophages), anti-CD57 (NK cells), and an anti-pan-B cell antibody (L26). The majority of tumour infiltrating inflammatory cells are T cells (40-50%) and monocytes/macrophages (15-35%). The macrophage specific chemo-attractant and growth factor CSF-1 is detected by immunohistochemical techniques (IHC) at the level of invasive breast cancer cells in 46/50 tumours but not at the level of in-situ (pre-invasive) cancer. A mosaic staining pattern was usually observed, with a very high expression in areas of obvious stromal invasion (90% cells positive) and absent or trace staining in intraductal carcinoma. Macrophages and plasma cells are equally intensely positive. In-situ hybridisation experiments confirm the production of CSF-1 (mRNA) by tumour cells and show the same pattern of expression. Expression of the CSF-1 receptor protein (fms) was also observed by IHC in 41/48 invasive tumours, albeit at weaker intensities than in tumour infiltrating monocytes/macrophages. A concomitant expression of both CSF-1 and fms in in-situ carcinoma was never seen (n = 14). It is therefore proposed that the associated expression of CSF-1 and its receptor may be linked to the invasive potential of breast cancer, the monocytic infiltrate being an indication of the quantitative importance of CSF-1 production by the tumour.
Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a neurotrophic factor for sensory neurons: Comparison with the effects of the neurotrophins (1997)

We compared the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons to that of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin 3 (NT-3). All of these factors were retrogradely transported to sub-populations of sensory neuron cell bodies in the L4/L5 DRG of neonatal rats. The size distribution of 125I-GDNF-labeled neurons was variable and consisted of both small and large DRG neurons (mean of 506.60 μm2). 125I-NGF was preferentially taken up by small neurons with a mean cross-sectional area of 383.03 μm2. Iodinated BDNF and NT-3 were transported by medium to large neurons with mean sizes of 501.48 and 529.27 μm2, respectively. A neonatal, sciatic nerve axotomy-induced cell death model was used to determine whether any of these factors could influence DRG neuron survival in vivo. GDNF and NGF rescued nearly 100% of the sensory neurons. BDNF and NT-3 did not promote any detectable level of neuronal survival despite the fact that they underwent retrograde transport. We examined the in vitro survival-promoting ability of these factors on neonatal DRG neuronal cultures derived from neonatal rats. GDNF, NGF, and NT-3 were effective in vitro, while BDNF was not. The range of effects seen in the models described here underscores the importance of testing neuronal responsiveness in more than one model. The biological responsiveness of DRG neurons to GDNF in multiple models suggests that this factor may play a role in the development and maintenance of sensory neurons. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 32: 22–32, 1997.
Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) gene is expressed in stromal cells of human colon, breast, and head and neck carcinomas. (1995)

From breast cancer cDNA libraries, we have cloned cDNAs that proved to correspond to the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) recently identified in human placenta and proposed to be an activator of progelatinase A [Sato, H., Takino, T., Okada, Y., Cao, J., Shinagawa, A., Yamamoto, E. & Seiki, M. (1994) Nature (London) 370, 61-65]. Using one of these cDNAs as a probe, we have detected MT-MMP gene expression in all 83 human carcinoma specimens examined by RNA in situ hybridization and have found MT-MMP transcripts in fibroblastic cells of tumor stroma but not in cancer cells. Comparison with other MMP genes expressed in fibroblastic cells of human carcinomas indicated that the expression pattern of the MT-MMP gene was more closely related to that of the gelatinase A gene than to those of the stromelysin 3 or interstitial collagenase genes. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that MT-MMP and gelatinase A are cooperating during tumor progression and strengthen the concept that proteolytic activities originating from the stromal component of human carcinomas have a critical role in tumor progression.
Human IgG2 constant region enhances in vivo stability of anti-tenascin antibody 81C6 compared with its murine parent. (1998)

The in vivo properties of radiolabeled chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with human IgG1 and IgG3 constant regions generally are similar to those of their corresponding murine construct. In contrast, we have observed that chimeric anti-tenascin mAb 81C6, which contains IgG2 constant regions, exhibits significantly higher localization in s.c. D-54 MG xenografts and prolonged retention in most normal tissues compared with its IgG2b murine parent. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether substitution of the murine IgG2b constant region domains in mAb 81C6 with those from human IgG2 enhanced the in vivo stability of the 81C6 mAb. Both mAbs were radioiodinated using Iodogen and administered to athymic mice bearing s.c. D-54 MG human glioma xenografts. The nature of the labeled species present in tumor and normal tissues over a 144-h period was investigated by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and SDS PAGE. In tumor and most normal tissues, a greater fraction of chimeric compared with murine 81C6 was present as intact IgG. For example, in tumor at 144 h, the fraction of radioactivity present as intact IgG was twice as high for chimeric compared with murine 81C6. A substantial fraction of murine but not chimeric 81C6 was present as a Mr 70,000-90,000 molecule, which could represent the generation of Fab/Fc monomers through the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds in the murine IgG2b molecule. These results suggest that the higher tumor and normal tissue levels of chimeric compared with murine 81C6 can be attributed in part to the enhanced in vivo stability of the IgG2 chimeric mAb. The chimeric construct also was demonstrated to be more stable than murine after incubation with cyst fluid obtained from glioma resection cavity patients. Chimeric mAbs containing human IgG2 constant region domains could be of particular value for certain radioimmunotherapeutic applications.
Site-specific integration by adeno-associated virus is directed by a cellular DNA sequence. (1994)

Different regions of an 8.2-kb cloned DNA segment containing the target for adeno-associated virus (AAV) integration in human chromosome 19q13-3-qter (AAVS1 locus) were subcloned in an Epstein-Barr virus-based shuttle vector and propagated as episomes in a derivative of the 293 human embryonic kidney cell line. Preferential recombination with an infecting AAV genome was assessed by measuring the frequency of recombinants among the shuttle vectors recovered in Escherichia coli. The signals which direct recombination with the AAV genome were localized to a 510-nt region at the 5' end of the 8.2-kb AAVS1 DNA. Hence, the results indicate that site-specific integration of AAV is directed by a specific DNA sequence on human chromosome 19. An unusual degree of DNA heterogeneity in the recovered vector was also associated with the 510 nt at the 5' end of AAVS1 DNA, suggesting that the AAV chromosomal integration locus may be involved in genomic instability.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of cisplatin and etoposide plus megestrol acetate/placebo in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group study. (1996)

Megestrol acetate cannot be routinely recommended for all patients with small-cell lung cancer at the time of chemotherapy initiation. Rather, its therapeutic ratio may be more favorable for patients with problematic cancer anorexia/cachexia.
Work performance, productivity and indoor air (2008)

Temperature, relative humidity, and air quality all affect the sensory system via thermo receptors in the skin and the olfactory system. Air quality is mainly defined by the contaminants in the air. However, the most persistent memory of any space is often its odor. Strong, emotional, and past experiences are awakened by the olfactory sense. Odors can also influence cognitive processes that affect creative task performance, as well as personal memories and moods. Besides nitrogen and oxygen, the air contains particles and many chemicals that affect the efficiency of the oxygenation process in the blood, and ultimately the air breathed affects thinking and concentration. It is important to show clients the value of spending more capital on high-quality buildings that promote good ventilation. The process of achieving indoor-air quality is a continual one throughout the design, construction, commissioning, and facilities management processes. This paper reviews the evidence.
Galaxy: A platform for interactive large-scale genome analysis (2005)

Accessing and analyzing the exponentially expanding genomic sequence and functional data pose a challenge for biomedical researchers. Here we describe an interactive system, Galaxy, that combines the power of existing genome annotation databases with a simple Web portal to enable users to search remote resources, combine data from independent queries, and visualize the results. The heart of Galaxy is a flexible history system that stores the queries from each user; performs operations such as intersections, unions, and subtractions; and links to other computational tools. Galaxy can be accessed at http://g2.bx.psu.edu.
Photic‐ and Pattern‐induced Seizures: A Review for the Epilepsy Foundation of America Working Group (2005)

Recommendations on reducing risk of seizures have been developed by agencies in the United Kingdom, Japan, and the International Telecommunications Union, affiliated with the United Nations. The Epilepsy Foundation of America has developed a consensus of medical experts and scientists on this subject, reported in an accompanying work.
Activation of the Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor Inhibits Invasive and Metastatic Features of Human Breast Cancer Cells and Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Differentiation (2009)

The current statistics associated with breast cancer continue to show a relatively high recurrence rate together with a poor survival for aggressive metastatic disease. These findings reflect, in part, the pharmaceutical intractability of processes involved in the metastatic process and highlight the need to identify additional drug targets for the treatment of late-stage disease. In the current study, we report that ligand activation of the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibits multiple aspects of the metastatic process in a panel of breast cancer cell lines that represent the major breast cancer subtypes. Specifically, it was observed that treatment with exogenous AhR agonists significantly inhibited cell invasiveness and motility in the Boyden chamber assay and inhibited colony formation in soft agar regardless of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. Knockdown of the AhR using small interfering RNA duplexes demonstrated that the inhibition of invasiveness was receptor dependent and that endogenous receptor activity was protective in each cell type examined. The inhibition of invasiveness and anchorage-independent growth correlated with the ability of exogenous AhR agonists to promote differentiation. Finally, exogenous AhR agonists were able to promote differentiation in a putative mammary cancer stem cell line. Cumulatively, these results suggest that the AhR plays an important role in mammary epithelial differentiation and, as such, represent a promising therapeutic target for a range of phenotypically distinct human breast cancers.
Robust Image Coding Based Upon Compressive Sensing (2011)

Multiple description coding (MDC) is one of the widely used mechanisms to combat packet-loss in non-feedback systems. However, the number of descriptions in the existing MDC schemes is very small (typically 2). With the number of descriptions increasing, the coding complexity increases drastically and many decoders would be required. In this paper, the compressive sensing (CS) principles are studied and an alternative coding paradigm with a number of descriptions is proposed based upon CS for high packet loss transmission. Two-dimentional discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is applied for sparse representation. Unlike the typical wavelet coders (e.g., JPEG 2000), DWT coefficients here are not directly encoded, but re-sampled towards equal importance of information instead. At the decoder side, by fully exploiting the intra-scale and inter-scale correlation of multiscale DWT, two different CS recovery algorithms are developed for the low-frequency subband and high-frequency subbands, respectively. The recovery quality only depends on the number of received CS measurements (not on which of the measurements that are received). Experimental results show that the proposed CS-based codec is much more robust against lossy channels, while achieving higher rate-distortion (R-D) performance compared with conventional wavelet-based MDC methods and relevant existing CS-based coding schemes.