gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin 8, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor promote angiogenesis and metastasis in human melanoma xenografts. (2000)

Angiogenesis is a significant prognostic factor in melanoma, but the angiogenic factors controlling the neovascularization are not well defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the angiogenesis and metastasis of melanoma are promoted by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 8 (IL-8), platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), and/or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Cells from human melanoma lines (A-07, D-12, R-18, and U-25) transplanted to BALB/c nu/nu mice were used as tumor models. Expression of angiogenic factors was studied by ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Angiogenesis was assessed by using an intradermal angiogenesis assay. Lung colonization and spontaneous lung metastasis were determined after i.v. and intradermal inoculation of tumor cells, respectively. The specific roles of VEGF, IL-8, PD-ECGF, and bFGF in tumor angiogenesis, lung colonization, and spontaneous metastasis were assessed in mice treated with neutralizing antibody. The melanoma lines expressed multiple angiogenic factors, and each line showed a unique expression pattern. Multiple angiogenic factors promoted angiogenesis in the most angiogenic melanoma lines, whereas angiogenesis in the least angiogenic melanoma lines was possibly promoted solely by VEGF. Tumor growth, lung colonization, and spontaneous metastasis were controlled by the rate of angiogenesis and hence by the angiogenic factors promoting the angiogenesis. Lung colonization and spontaneous metastasis in A-07 were inhibited by treatment with neutralizing antibody against VEGF, IL-8, PD-ECGF, or bFGF. Each of these angiogenic factors may promote metastasis in melanoma, because inhibition of one of them could not be compensated for by the others. Our observations suggest that efficient antiangiogenic treatment of melanoma may require identification and blocking of common functional features of several angiogenic factors.
Hardware protection and authentication through netlist level obfuscation (2008)

Hardware intellectual property (IP) cores have emerged as an integral part of modern system-on-chip (SoC) designs. However, IP vendors are facing major challenges to protect hardware IPs and to prevent revenue loss due to IP piracy. In this paper, we propose a novel design methodology for hardware IP protection and authentication using netlist level authentication. The proposed methodology can be integrated in the SoC design and manufacturing flow to provide hardware protection to the IP vendors, the chip designer, and the system designer. Simulation results on ISCAS-89 benchmark circuits show that we can achieve high levels of security through a well-formulated obfuscation scheme at less than 10% area overhead under delay constraint.
The Generation of Nanoparticles in Miniemulsions (2001)

A versatile method for the generation of nanoparticulate metals, ceramics, and polymers based on synthesis in miniemulsions—highly stable small droplets in a continuous phase—is presented here. It is revealed that in addition to nanoparticles, encapsulated materials, polymer capsules (see Figure), and hollow particles can also be obtained by careful selection of the starting materials.
The Permeabilizing ATP Receptor, P2X7 (1997)

A cDNA was isolated from a human monocyte library that encodes the P2X7 receptor; the predicted protein is 80% identical to the rat receptor. Whole cell recordings were made from human embryonic kidney cells transfected with the human cDNA and from human macrophages. Brief applications (1-3 s) of ATP and 2', 3'-(4-benzoyl)-benzoyl-ATP elicited cation-selective currents. When compared with the rat P2X7 receptor, these effects required higher concentrations of agonists, were more potentiated by removal of extracellular magnesium ions, and reversed more rapidly on agonist removal. Longer applications of agonists permeabilized the cells, as evidenced by uptake of the propidium dye YO-PRO1, but this was less marked than for cells expressing the rat P2X7 receptor. Expression of chimeric molecules indicated that some of the differences between the rat and human receptor could be reversed by exchanging the intracellular C-terminal domain of the proteins.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Series of Potent, Orally Active Adenosine A<SUB>1</SUB> Receptor Antagonists with High Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability (2001)

A novel series of 3-(2-substituted-3-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridazin-6-yl)-2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines (5-38) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro adenosine A1 and A(2A) receptor binding activities, and in vitro metabolism by rat liver in order to search for orally active compounds. Most of the test compounds were potent adenosine A1 receptor antagonists with high A1 selectivity and the A1 affinity and A1 selectivity of carbonyl derivatives (5-11) was particularly high. In particular, compound 7 was an extremely potent and selective adenosine A1 antagonist with high A1 selectivity (Ki=0.026 nM, A(2A)/A1=5400). In terms of metabolic stability, 2-oxopropyl (5), 2-hydroxypropyl (12), N-methylacetamide (16), 2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl (28) and 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl (32, FR194921) were the most stable compounds in this series of analogues. Further in vivo evaluation indicated that compounds 5, 13, 17, 28 and 32 were detected in both plasma and brain after oral administration in rats. In particular, 32 displayed good plasma and brain concentrations (dose: 32 mg/kg (n=3); after 30 min, plasma conc.=3390+/-651nM, brain conc.=3670+/-496nM; after 60min, plasma conc.=1580+/-348nM, brain conc.=2143+/-434nM), and a good brain/plasma ratio (1.11+/-0.060 (30min), 1.39+/-0.172 (60min)). As a result, we could show that 32 is a good candidate for an orally active adenosine A1 receptor antagonist with high blood-brain barrier permeability and good bioavailability (Ki=6.6nM, A(2A)/A1=820, BA=60.6+/-4.9% (32 mg/kg)).
Microscale Patterning of Organic Films on Carbon Surfaces Using Electrochemistry and Soft Lithography (2006)

We have demonstrated three simple strategies employing poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) molds for patterning carbon surfaces with two different modifiers in an 18 microm line pattern. The PDMS molds are patterned with microfluidic channels (approximately 22 microm wide and 49 microm deep) and form a reversible, conformal seal to the pyrolyzed photoresist film (PPF) and modified PPF surfaces. Modifiers are electrochemically grafted to the PPF surface by the reduction of aryl diazonium salts and the oxidation of primary amines. For the fill-in patterning approach, the first modifier is electrografted to the PPF surface exposed within the microchannels, and in a second grafting step after removal of the PDMS mold, the second modifier fills in the remaining surface. The selective conversion strategy involves electrografting a continuous film of the modifier to the PPF surface, sealing the PDMS mold to the modified surface and carrying out an irreversible electrochemical reaction of the modifier exposed within the microchannels. In the build-up patterning approach, the PDMS mold is sealed to the modified PPF surface, and a chemical coupling reaction is effected in the microchannels to build up the pattern. The patterns are characterized using SEM, optical microscopy, the formation of condensation figures, and SEM imaging after the assembly of Au nanoparticles.
Local delivery of antimicrobials: a new era in the treatment of adult periodontitis. (1999)

This article discusses the principles, products, and techniques currently available for local delivery of antimicrobials in the treatment of adult periodontitis. Four principles provide the scientific basis for the treatment of periodontitis: it is caused by bacteria; it cannot be cured, but it can be controlled; clinicians cannot remove all the plaque and calculus; and periodontitis reinfects. This article stresses how the local delivery of antimicrobials can help the clinician achieve the goals of arresting the disease and maintaining the disease in the arrested or controlled state. Rationales for reevaluating the treated patient and treatment options are presented. Local-delivery systems are reviewed, stressing those available in the United States. Pharmacokinetics, multicenter randomized trials, and techniques are presented.
Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease (2001)

Cell transplantation is an experimental therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) and other movement disorders. Several open-label research trials have shown clinically meaningful improvement in parkinsonian signs and symptoms after striatal transplantation of allogeneic fetal ventral mesencephalic (FVM) tissue. However, ethical concerns, variability in surgical techniques, and reports of unusual late complications in a few patients in a clinical trial have limited the use of allogeneic FVM tissue to a few research centers. Research into alternative cell sources such as porcine FVM and allogeneic retinal pigment epithelial cells has shown promising results in preclinical trials, and they are currently being tested in clinical trials. Novel strategies to improve cell survival and to avoid immune rejection of transplants show promising results in preclinical trials. This article focuses on these recent advances and compares the potential clinical utility of these emerging cell therapies for the treatment of advanced PD.
Up-Converting Phosphor Technology-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Schistosoma Circulating Anodic Antigen in Serum (2007)

Schistosoma sp. circular anodic antigen (CAA) serum concentrations reflect actual worm burden in a patient and are a valuable tool for population screening and epidemiological research. However, for the diagnosis of individual imported schistosomiasis cases, the current enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) lacks sensitivity and robustness. Therefore, a lateral flow (LF) assay was developed to test CAA in serum for individual diagnosis of imported active schistosome infections. Application of fluorescent submicron-sized up-converting phosphor technology (UPT) reporter particles increased analytical sensitivity compared to that of the standard ELISA method. Evaluation of the UPT-LF test with a selection of 40 characterized epidemiologic samples indicated a good correlation between signal intensity and infection intensity. Subsequently, the UPT-LF assay was applied to 166 serum samples of Dutch residents (immigrants and travelers) suspected of schistosomiasis, a case in which group routine antibody detection frequently fails straightforward diagnosis. The UPT-LF assay identified 36 CAA-positive samples, compared to 15 detected by CAA-ELISA. In conclusion, the UPT-LF assay is a low-complexity test with higher sensitivity than the CAA-ELISA, well suited for laboratory diagnosis of individual active Schistosoma infections.
Impaired preservation of GFR during hypotension in preexistent renal hypoperfusion (1989)

Autoregulation of renal blood flow and filtration rate was studied using micropuncture technique in Munich-Wistar rats with acute water deprivation (AWD) or congestive heart failure (CHF). In the first set of experiments, reduction of renal perfusion pressure to approximately to 70% of its initial value resulted in uncoupling of glomerular plasma flow rate and single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (i.e., disproportionally profound fall in the latter) in AWD and CHF rats, whereas both indices changed little in normal control (NC) rats. The profound decrease in single-nephron GFR in AWD and CHF rats was primarily due to a reduction in glomerular capillary pressure (change from base-line value was -29 +/- 2% in AWD, -27 +/- 1% in CHF, and -8 +/- 2% in NC). This profound fall in glomerular capillary pressure in AWD and CHF rats was associated with a reduction in efferent arteriolar resistance, which contrastingly increased in NC. To investigate the mechanism underlying this unique efferent arteriolar responsiveness in AWD and CHF, the response of renal arterioles to exogenous angiotensin II was examined in separate groups of AWD, CHF, and NC. There was a markedly attenuated efferent arteriolar vasoconstrictive response in AWD and CHF (the change of efferent arteriolar resistance in both groups was some 5% of that in NC). Thus impairment in the ability to preserve GFR in these two conditions is attributed, at least in part, to altered efferent arteriolar response in the face of reduced renal perfusion pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characterization of Immune Responses Elicited in Macaques Immunized Sequentially with Chimeric VEE/SIN Alphavirus Replicon Particles Expressing SIVGag and/or HIVEnv and with Recombinant HIVgp140Env Protein (2006)

In the present study, macaques were coimmunized with VEErep/SINenv chimeric alphavirus replicon particles expressing SIVp55Gag and HIVDeltaV2gp140Env or only with replicon particles expressing HIVDeltaV2gp140Env. All animals were subsequently immunized with recombinant trimeric HIVDeltaV2gp140Env protein. During alphavirus immunization, anti-SIVGag and anti-HIVEnv-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma responses, as well as high titers of anti-HIVEnv binding (gp120 but not gp41 specific) and anti-HIV neutralizing antibodies, were generated. The subsequent immunization with recombinant HIVDeltaV2gp140 enhanced the neutralizing antibody titers and Env-specific IFN-gamma responses. Following intravenous challenge with the R5- tropic SHIV(SF162P4) virus, significantly lower primary plasma viremia levels were recorded in the immunized animals, as compared to control animals immunized with replicon particles expressing influenza virus HA. Our results show that this method of immunization elicits both strong cellular immunity and neutralizing antibodies in primates and, thus, merits further investigation.
Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes for High-Efficiency Solution-Processable Blue PhOLEDs (2013)

This article reports the systematic functionalization of FIrpic (1) with solubilizing alkyl groups (complexes 2–4) or mesityl groups (complexes 5 and 6). Complex 5 is shown to offer significant advantages over FIrpic (1) in terms of performance of sky-blue polymer-based phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) with a solution-processed emitting layer (λmaxEL 477 nm for 5). Devices with 5 doped into poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK):OXD-7 gave a maximum luminous efficiency of 19.1 cd A–1 at a brightness of 5455 cd m2 with EQE 8.7%. Optimized multilayer devices with additional TPBi and LiF layers gave 23.7 cd A–1 and EQE 10.4%. These data compare favorably with leading literature values for sky-blue polymer-based PhOLEDs. The enhanced performance of 5 is ascribed to three main reasons: (i) reduced concentration quenching of 5; (ii) the higher radiative yield of 5; and (iii) improved solubility of 5 in organic solvents. Complex 5 should find widespread use as a soluble blue phosphor for displays and lighting applications using solution processing techniques.
Liquid-Crystals for Tunable Photonic Crystals, Frequency Selective Surfaces and Negative Index Material Development (2006)

We present the results of experimental and theoretical studies that demonstrate the feasibility of realizing electro-optical switching, frequency filtering and negative index of refraction. In liquid crystal infiltrated TiO2 inverse opal 3-D photonic crystals, we observed a sizeable electrical tuning of the Bragg reflection peak. In frequency selective structures with a liquid crystal over-layer, the tuning range can be as wide as 380 nm, operational throughout the entire visible – far infrared spectra range. Furthermore, some of the structures can be designed to exhibit a negative index of refraction property over a predetermined frequency interval.
Novel Euglycemic and Hypolipidemic Agents. 1 (1998)

A series of [[(heterocyclyl)ethoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinediones have been synthesized by the condensation of corresponding aldehyde 1 and 2,4-thiazolidinedione followed by hydrogenation. Both unsaturated thiazolidinedione 2 and its saturated counterpart 3 have shown antihyperglycemic activity. Many of these compounds have shown superior euglycemic and hypolipidemic activity compared to troglitazone (CS 045). The indole analogue DRF-2189 (3g) was found to be a very potent insulin sensitizer, comparable to BRL-49653 in genetically obese C57BL/6J-ob/ob and 57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. Pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies conducted on BRL-49653 and DRF-2189 (3g) indicate that these drugs are well-distributed in target tissues. On the basis of euglycemic activity as well as enhanced selectivity against reduction of triglycerides in plasma, DRF-2189 (3g) has been selected for further evaluation.
Incidence of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in Women of Reproductive Age (1997)

The incidence rates of stroke and MI are low in women of reproductive age in the United States.
Amyloid arthropathy in chickens (1999)

The present paper presents an overview of current knowledge of amyloid arthropathy in chickens, and covers the pathogenesis of amyloidosis in general and in birds, field cases reported, and the studies performed to assess the amyloidogenicity of various agents compared to that of Enterococcus faecalis. An animal model of amyloid arthropathy is presented, as are studies on the pathogenesis of arthropathic and amyloidogenic E. faecalis infections in brown layers. The review concludes with a description of the pathology of amyloid arthropathy, the biochemical characterization of the chicken joint amyloid protein as being of the AA type, investigation of the serum amyloid A (SAA) gene involved, and local SAA mRNA expression in joint and liver.
Learning the Kernel Function via Regularization (2005)

We study the problem of finding an optimal kernel from a prescribed convex set of kernels K for learning a real-valued function by regularization. We establish for a wide variety of regularization functionals that this leads to a convex optimization problem and, for square loss regularization, we characterize the solution of this problem. We show that, although K may be an uncountable set, the optimal kernel is always obtained as a convex combination of at most m+2 basic kernels, where m is the number of data examples. In particular, our results apply to learning the optimal radial kernel or the optimal dot product kernel.
GlycoPEGylation of recombinant therapeutic proteins produced in Escherichia coli (2006)

Covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol, PEGylation, has been shown to prolong the half-life and enhance the pharmacodynamics of therapeutic proteins. Current methods for PEGylation, which rely on chemical conjugation through reactive groups on amino acids, often generate isoforms in which PEG is attached at sites that interfere with bioactivity. Here, we present a novel strategy for site-directed PEGylation using glycosyltransferases to attach PEG to O-glycans. The process involves enzymatic GalNAc glycosylation at specific serine and threonine residues in proteins expressed without glycosylation in Escherichia coli, followed by enzymatic transfer of sialic acid conjugated with PEG to the introduced GalNAc residues. The strategy was applied to three therapeutic polypeptides, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon-alpha2b (IFN-alpha2b), and granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which are currently in clinical use.
Synthesis of Fluoren-9-ones by the Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of o-Halobiaryls (2002)

The synthesis of various substituted fluoren-9-ones has been accomplished by the palladium-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation of o-halobiaryls. The cyclocarbonylation of 4'-substituted 2-iodobiphenyls produces very high yields of 2-substituted fluoren-9-ones bearing either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents. 3'-Substituted 2-iodobiphenyls afford 3-substituted fluoren-9-ones in excellent yields with good regioselectivity. This chemistry has been successfully extended to polycyclic fluorenones and fluorenones containing fused isoquinoline, indole, pyrrole, thiophene, benzothiophene, and benzofuran rings.
Online Remote Controllability Verification via Internet and Dial-up Network for DVD Recorder Based on Virtual Instrument Technology (2007)

One of the most impressive and attractive evolutions of DVD recorder is the remotely controllable ability. In this paper we concern about the verification of remote controllability of latest DVD recorder by Internet or dial-up network, through RJ45 and RJ11 sockets respectively during manufacturing process. The virtual instruments tools, LabVIEW and TestStand are used to form a function module of the whole measurement system. The detailed procedures are given and G-codes are depicted. Some human-machine interfaces are captured to show the process. The developed modules is successfully put into use.
Electrochemical and Laser Deposition of Silver for Use in Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (2003)

We describe two reagentless methods of silver deposition for metal-enhanced fluorescence. Silver was deposited on glass positioned between two silver electrodes with a constant current in pure water. Illumination of the glass between the electrodes resulted in localized silver deposition. Alternatively, silver was deposited on an Indium Tin Oxide cathode, with a silver electrode as the anode. Both types of deposited silver produced a 5-18-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity of a nearby fluorophore, indocyanine green (ICG). Additionally, the photostability of ICG was dramatically increased by proximity to the deposited silver. These results suggest the use of silver deposited from pure water for surface-enhanced fluorescence, with potential applications in surface assays and lab-on-a-chip-based technologies, which ideally require highly fluorescent photostable systems.
A 3' end fragment encompassing the transcriptional enhancers of nondefective Friend virus confers erythroleukemogenicity on Moloney leukemia virus (1984)

Nondefective Friend helper murine leukemia virus (Fr-MuLV) induces primarily erythroleukemias in NFS mice, whereas Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) induces T cell lymphomas. Using molecular clones of these two viruses, we constructed a recombinant in which a 0.62-kilobase fragment encompassing the U3 region at the 3' end of the Fr-MuLV genome replaced the corresponding region of Mo-MuLV. The recombinant virus obtained by transfection of this clone, whose genome is derived primarily from Mo-MuLV, induces almost exclusively erythroleukemias in NFS mice. This and the previous result of Chatis et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:4408-4411), showing that the reciprocal recombinant whose genome is primarily derived from Fr-MuLV induces almost exclusively lymphomas, argue that a strong determinant of the distinct disease specificities of Fr-MuLV and Mo-MuLV lies in this 3' end 0.62-kilobase fragment which contains the putative virus enhancers. To more precisely define this determinant, we have begun to construct recombinants in which smaller 3' end fragments of the Fr-MuLV and Mo-MuLV genomes are exchanged. Analysis of the first such recombinant showed that Fr-MuLV can be converted to a lymphoma-inducing virus in NFS mice by substitution of a 0.38-kilobase fragment encompassing the virus enhancers in U3 with the corresponding region of the Mo-MuLV genome.