gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic procedures for Parkinson's disease dementia: Recommendations from the movement disorder society task force (2007)

A preceding article described the clinical features of Parkinson's disease dementia (PD-D) and proposed clinical diagnostic criteria for "probable" and "possible" PD-D. The main focus of this article is to operationalize the diagnosis of PD-D and to propose practical guidelines based on a two level process depending upon the clinical scenario and the expertise of the evaluator involved in the assessment. Level I is aimed primarily at the clinician with no particular expertise in neuropsychological methods, but who requires a simple, pragmatic set of tests that are not excessively time-consuming. Level I can be used alone or in concert with Level II, which is more suitable when there is the need to specify the pattern and the severity on the dementia of PD-D for clinical monitoring, research studies or pharmacological trials. Level II tests can also be proposed when the diagnosis of PD-D remains uncertain or equivocal at the end of a Level I evaluation. Given the lack of evidence-based standards for some tests when applied in this clinical context, we have tried to make practical and unambiguous recommendations, based upon the available literature and the collective experience of the Task Force. We accept, however, that further validation of certain tests and modifications in the recommended cut off values will be required through future studies.
Zinc-finger directed double-strand breaks within CAG repeat tracts promote repeat instability in human cells (2009)

Expanded triplet repeats have been identified as the genetic basis for a growing number of neurological and skeletal disorders. To examine the contribution of double-strand break repair to CAG x CTG repeat instability in mammalian systems, we developed zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) that recognize and cleave CAG repeat sequences. Engineered ZFNs use a tandem array of zinc fingers, fused to the FokI DNA cleavage domain, to direct double-strand breaks (DSBs) in a site-specific manner. We first determined that the ZFNs cleave CAG repeats in vitro. Then, using our previously described tissue culture assay for identifying modifiers of CAG repeat instability, we found that transfection of ZFN-expression vectors induced up to a 15-fold increase in changes to the CAG repeat in human and rodent cell lines, and that longer repeats were much more sensitive to cleavage than shorter ones. Analysis of individual colonies arising after treatment revealed a spectrum of events consistent with ZFN-induced DSBs and dominated by repeat contractions. We also found that expressing a dominant-negative form of RAD51 in combination with a ZFN, dramatically reduced the effect of the nuclease, suggesting that DSB-induced repeat instability is mediated, in part, through homology directed repair. These studies identify a ZFN as a useful reagent for characterizing the effects of DSBs on CAG repeats in cells.
Mechanical design and performance specifications of anthropomorphic prosthetic hands: A review (2013)

In this article, we set forth a detailed analysis of the mechanical characteristics of anthropomorphic prosthetic hands. We report on an empirical study concerning the performance of several commercially available myoelectric prosthetic hands, including the Vincent, iLimb, iLimb Pulse, Bebionic, Bebionic v2, and Michelangelo hands. We investigated the finger design and kinematics, mechanical joint coupling, and actuation methods of these commercial prosthetic hands. The empirical findings are supplemented with a compilation of published data on both commercial and prototype research prosthetic hands. We discuss numerous mechanical design parameters by referencing examples in the literature. Crucial design trade-offs are highlighted, including number of actuators and hand complexity, hand weight, and grasp force. Finally, we offer a set of rules of thumb regarding the mechanical design of anthropomorphic prosthetic hands.
The Prognostic Value of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes (2001)

A single measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide, obtained in the first few days after the onset of ischemic symptoms, provides powerful information for use in risk stratification across the spectrum of acute coronary syndromes. This finding suggests that cardiac neurohormonal activation may be a unifying feature among patients at high risk for death after acute coronary syndromes.
The Thermal Sulfenate−Sulfoxide Rearrangement:  A Radical Pair Mechanism (2000)

The thermal reaction of sulfenates (RS−OR), yielding their corresponding sulfoxides (RS(O)R), was studied experimentally. The first step of the reaction was found to be the formation a radical pair by homolytic cleavage of the carbon−oxygen bond of the sulfenate. The two transient radicals formed then recombine to form the carbon−sulfur bond of the sulfoxide. The thermolysis of cinnamyl-4-nitrobenzenesulfenate has a positive entropy of activation (ΔS⧧ = 6.4 ± 2.0 eu in toluene), characteristic of a dissociative pathway. A normal secondary kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 1.19 ± 0.04) was also measured with this substrate. Finally, a trapping experiment allowed the isolation and characterization of a product coming from the coupling of the cinnamyl radical and TEMPO. These studies confirm a mechanism that was proposed earlier based on computational studies. The experimentally determined bond dissociation energy of the carbon−oxygen bond of ∼28 kcal·mol-1 is in good agreement with the computed value of ∼26 kcal·mol-1. These studies confirm a unique structural feature of the sulfenate moiety, where the weakest bond of the molecule in the ground state is not the heteroatom−heteroatom bond intuitively considered to be the weakest based on the analogy to peroxides or disulfides. Radical stabilizing substituents are expected to have a large effect on the thermal reactivity of sulfenates. Evidence for a competing acid-catalyzed mechanism has also been observed.
Multilevel mixed linear model analysis using iterative generalized least squares (1986)

Journal Article Multilevel mixed linear model analysis using iterative generalized least squares Get access H. GOLDSTEIN H. GOLDSTEIN Department of Mathematics, Statistics & Computing, University of London Institute of EducationLondon WC1HOAL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 73, Issue 1, April 1986, Pages 43–56, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/73.1.43 Published: 01 April 1986 Article history Revision received: 01 March 1986 Published: 01 April 1986 Received: 01 July 1986
The Mechanical Antihyperalgesic Effect of Intrathecally Administered MPV-2426, a Novel α2-Adrenoceptor Agonist, in a Rat Model of Postoperative Pain (2000)

Intrathecal MPV-2426 dose-dependently attenuates postoperative hyperalgesia to mechanical stimulation because of an action on alpha2 adrenoceptors. Its antihyperalgesic action is as effective as that produced by dexmedetomidine and is considerably stronger than that produced by clonidine. However, preoperative treatment with MPV-2426 does not prevent the development of postoperative hyperalgesia.
Use of yeast artificial chromosome clones for mapping and walking within human chromosome segment 18q21.3. (1989)

Well-characterized large genomic clones obtained from yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) libraries provide the framework to localize genes and approach genetic disease. We developed universally applicable approaches to establish authenticity, localize and orient internal genes, map restriction sites, and rescue the distal ends of large human genomic DNA inserts. We selected human chromosome segment 18q21.3 as a model system. Molecular cloning of this segment was initiated by characterizing three plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) clones [290, 180, and 60 kilobases (kb)] isolated from a YAC library. Comparison of YAC and bacteriophage lambda genomic DNA clones confirmed the fidelity of the PAI-2 locus. Detailed rare cutting restriction maps were generated by ramped contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis. The PAI-2 locus was located and oriented within the YACs, which span a distance 70 kb 5' to 220 kb 3' of PAI-2. Moreover, both left and right ends of the YAC genomic DNA inserts were rescued by amplifying circularized cloning sites with an inverted form of the polymerase chain reaction. These unique terminal genomic DNA fragments were used to rescreen the YAC library and isolate overlapping clones that extend the map. These approaches will enable neighboring loci to be definitively linked and establish the feasibility of using YAC technology to clone and map chromosomal segments.
POLICRYPS Switchable Holographic Grating: A Promising Grating Electro-Optical Pixel for High Resolution Display Application (2006)

POLICRYPS, an acronym of POlymer LIquid CRYstal Polymer Slices, is a structure made of perfectly aligned liquid crystal films separated by slices of almost pure polymer. Under suitable experimental and geometrical conditions, the structure is obtained by curing a homogeneous syrup of liquid crystal, monomer and curing agent molecules with a spatially modulated pattern of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. From an optical point of view, POLICRYPS is a holographic diffraction grating with a spatial periodicity that can be easily made of sub-micrometric scale, exhibiting diffraction efficiency values as high as 98%. Depending on the used geometry, the POLICRYPS grating can be utilized both in transmission or reflection, with negligible scattering losses, and can be switched ON and OFF by application of an external electric field of the order of few V//spl mu/m. In this paper, we review: 1) the "recipe" to fabricate POLICRYPS holographic gratings, along with their main optical and electro-optical properties; 2) a chemical-diffusive model that, taking into account sample temperature and intensity of the curing radiation, indicates the best conditions to fabricate these gratings; 3) a Kogelnik-like model that accounts for the dependence of the diffraction efficiency on material parameters, sample temperature, and applied electric field. Finally, we discuss the possibility of utilizing a micrometric sized POLICRYPS grating as a Grating Electro-Optical Pixel for high resolution display application.
A New Room‐Temperature Molten Salt Electrolyte (1990)

Abstract : The evaluation of room temperature molten salt systems as suitable electrolytes for battery applications is a subject of ongoing research in our laboratory. Several room temperature molten salt systems have been reported (1- 4). One of particular interest to use has been the 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride (MEIC/A1C13 system (3). Reprints.
Recent advances in the chemistry and biochemistry of cannabis (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecent advances in the chemistry and biochemistry of cannabisRaphael Mechoulam, Neil K. McCallum, and Sumner BursteinCite this: Chem. Rev. 1976, 76, 1, 75–112Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60299a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60299a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1845Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Punctured vs Rateless Codes for Hybrid ARQ (2006)

Two incremental redundancy hybrid ARQ (IR-HARQ) schemes are compared: one is based on LDPC code ensembles with random transmission assignments, the other is based on recently introduced Raptor codes. A number of important issues, such as rate and power control, and error rate performance after each transmission on time varying binary-input, symmetric-output channels are addressed by analyzing performance of LDPC and Raptor codes on parallel channels. The theoretical results obtained for random code ensembles are tested on several practical code examples by simulation. Both theoretical and simulation results show that both LDPC and Raptor codes are suitable for HARQ schemes. Which codes would make a better choice depends mainly on the width of the signal-to-noise operating range of the HARQ scheme, prior knowledge of that range, and other design parameters and constraints dictated by standards.
Digital quantification of fibrosis in liver biopsy sections: Description of a new method by Photoshop software (2003)

This technique is fully computerized with no manual interference at any step, and thus could be very reliable for objectively quantifying any pattern of fibrosis in liver biopsy sections and in assessing the response to antifibrotic therapy. It could also be a valuable tool in the precise assessment of antifibrotic therapy to other tissue regardless of the pattern of tissue or fibrosis.
[Synthesis of indanones and tetralones as new potential schistosomicidals]. (1985)

In view of the fact that the structure of substituted indanones possesses some similarity to the substituted salicylamides which have been shown to be active against schistosomiasis japonica in mice both prophylactically and therapeutocally, ninety-one compounds of substituted indanone and tetralone series were synthesized and twenty-three of them, all of which are in form of oximes, were effective in animal screening tests against Schistosoma japonicum.
The association of pre‐operative STOP ‐ BANG scores with postoperative critical care admission (2013)

The STOP-BANG questionnaire screens for obstructive sleep apnoea. We retrospectively analysed the independent association of pre-operative variables with postoperative critical care admission using multivariable logistic regression for patients undergoing elective surgery from January to December 2011. Of 5432 patients, 338 (6.2%) were admitted postoperatively to the critical care unit. In multivariate analysis, the odds ratios (95% CI) for critical care admission were: 2.2 (1.1-4.6), p = 0.037; 3.2 (1.2-8.1), p = 0.017; and 5.1 (1.8-14.9), p = 0.002, for STOP-BANG scores of 4, 5 and ≥ 6, respectively. The odds ratio was also independently increased for: each year of age, 1.015 (1.004-1.026), p = 0.019; asthma, 1.6 (1.1-2.4), p = 0.016; obstructive sleep apnoea, 3.2 (1.9-5.6), p < 0.001; and for ASA physical status 2, 3 and ≥ 4, 2.1 (1.4-3.3), 6.5 (3.9-11.0), 6.3 (2.9-13.8), respectively, p < 0.001 for all.
Irreversible Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus Replication in BSC-1 Cells by Zinc Ions (1975)

Zinc sulfate added to the medium of herpes simplex virus-infected BSC-1 cells, at a concentration of 0.1 mM, inhibited the synthesis of infectious virus progeny by 95 to 96%. A concentration of 0.2 mM zinc sulfate inhibited herpes simplex virus synthesis by 99.8% as determined by centrifugation in sucrose gradients and by plaque assay on BSC-1 monolayers. The inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication in BSC-1 cells was found to be irreversible.
Derivation and Characterization of Embryonic Stem Cells Lines Derived from Transgenic Fischer 344 and Dark Agouti Rats (2011)

Rat embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines are not widely available, and there are only 2 lines available for distribution. Here, ESC lines were derived and characterized from Fischer 344 (F344) rats that express marker transgenes either β-galactosidase or human placental alkaline phosphatase (AP), nontransgenic F344 rats, and from Dark Agouti (DA) rats. The ESC lines were maintained in an undifferentiated state as characterized by colony morphology, expression of Oct4, Nanog, Sox-2, Cdx2, and Stella, staining for AP, and stage-specific embryonic antigen-1. Pluripotency was demonstrated in vitro by differentiation to embryoid bodies, followed by embryonic monsters. The Cdx2 expression by ESCs was unexpected and was confirmed via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry. Pluripotency of ESCs was demonstrated in vivo by production of teratoma after an injection into F344 nontransgenic rats, and by an injection of male DA ESCs into F344 or Sprague-Dawley rat blastocysts and the generation of chimeric rats and germline contribution. ESCs from both F344 and DA contributed to chimeric rats, and one DA ESC line was proved to be germline competent. ESC sublines were created by transfection with a plasmid expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of a beta actin promoter and cytomegalovirus enhancer (pCX-eGFP) or by transfection with a plasmid expressing GFP under the control of a 3.1 kb portion of the rat Oct4 promoter (pN1-Oct4-GFP). In pN1-Oct4-GFP sublines, GFP gene expression and fluorescence were shown to be correlated with endogenous Oct4 gene expression. Therefore, these new ESC lines may be useful for tissue engineering and transplantation studies or for optimizing culture conditions required for self-renewal and differentiation of rat ESCs. While they made chimeric rats, further work is needed to confirm whether the transgenic F344 rat ESCs described here are germline-competent ESCs.
Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Associated Lymph Node Metastasis Revealed in Tumors by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI (2012)

Elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in tumors can cause metastatic dissemination and treatment resistance, but its study poses a challenge because of a paucity of noninvasive imaging strategies. In this study, we address this issue by reporting the development of a noninvasive tool to assess tumor IFP and interstitial hypertension-induced lymph node metastasis. Using mouse xenograft models of several types of human cancer, we used gadolinium diethylene-triamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) as a contrast agent for dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Immediately after Gd-DTPA administration, a high-signal-intensity rim was observed in the tumor periphery, which moved outward with time. Assuming the velocity of Gd-DTPA to be equal to the fluid flow velocity, we used a simple model of peritumoral interstitial fluid flow to calculate the fluid flow velocity at the tumor surface (v(0)) based on the rim movement. Significant positive correlations were found between v(0) and IFP in all tumor xenografts. Moreover, the primary tumors of metastasis-positive mice displayed higher IFP and v(0) than the primary tumors of metastasis-negative mice. Findings were confirmed in cervical cancer patients with pelvic lymph node metastases, where we found v(0) to be higher compared with patients without lymph node involvement (P < 0.00001). Together, these findings establish that Gd-DTPA-based DCE-MRI can noninvasively visualize tumor IFP, and they reveal the potential for v(0) determined by this method to serve as a novel general biomarker of tumor aggressiveness.
Genetic evidence for involvement of vaccinia virus DNA-dependent ATPase I in intermediate and late gene expression (1989)

To delineate the role of the vaccinia virus-encapsidated DNA-dependent ATPase I in the life cycle of the virus, we performed a detailed study of two temperature-sensitive mutants with lesions in the gene encoding the enzyme. Profiles of viral DNA and protein accumulation during infection showed the mutants to be competent for DNA synthesis but deficient in late protein synthesis, confirming their defective late phenotype (R. C. Condit and A. Motyczka, Virology 113:224-241, 1981: R. C. Condit, A. Motyczka, and G. Spizz, Virology 128:429-443, 1983). In vitro translation of viral RNA and S1 nuclease mapping of selected mRNAs demonstrated that the deficit in late protein synthesis stemmed from a defect in the transcriptional machinery. Intermediate and late gene expression appeared to be most affected. The transcriptional defect was of unequal severity in the two mutants. However, their phenotypes were indistinguishable and their respective lesions were mapped to the same 300 nucleotides at the 5' end of the gene. DNA sequence analysis assigned a single nucleotide and amino acid change to one of the mutants.
The Application of Switcher-Intelligent Interfaces to Videotape Editing (1979)

The impact of automated and intelligent devices such as the E-MEM system on the videotape editing process is considered. While significant advances have been made in post production editing technology, it is suggested that the interface to the post production switcher is a limiting factor. A switcher-intelligent interface is proposed as a solution. The interface is provided by a microcomputer memory system that can be added onto existing switchers. This system also provides features that expand the use of the production switcher, such as effects memory, effects dissolves, and operator transition recall. The use of a standardized interface protocol as a design guide for editing equipment is suggested.
Gender-Specific Neuroprotection by 2-Iminobiotin after Hypoxia—Ischemia in the Neonatal Rat via a Nitric Oxide Independent Pathway (2006)

We have shown earlier that 2-iminobiotin (2-IB) reduces hypoxia-ischemia (HI)-induced brain damage in neonatal rats, and presumed that inhibition of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) was the underlying mechanism. We now investigated the effect of 2-IB treatment in P7 rat pups to determine the role of gender and the neuroprotective mechanism. Pups were subjected to HI (occlusion of right carotid artery and 120 mins FiO(2) 0.08) and received subcutaneous (s.c.) 10 mg/kg 2-IB at 0, 12 and 24 h after hypoxia. After 6 weeks, neuronal damage was assessed histologically. We determined cerebral nitrite and nitrate (NO(x)) and nitrotyrosine, heat-shock protein 70, cytosolic cytochrome c, cleaved caspase 3, nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and the effect of 2-IB on NOS activity in cultured cells. 2-Iminobiotin treatment reduced long-term brain damage in female but not male rats. Unexpectedly, 2-IB treatment did not reduce cerebral NO(x) or nitrotyrosine levels, and did not inhibit NOS activity in vitro. The gender-dependent neuroprotective effect of 2-IB was reflected in inhibition of the HI-induced increase in cytosolic cytochrome c and cleaved caspase 3 in females only. Hypoxia-ischemia-induced activation of AIF was observed in males only and was not affected by 2-IB. Post-HI treatment with 2-IB provides gender-specific long- and short-term neuroprotection in female P7 rats via inhibition of the cytochrome c-caspase 3 neuronal death pathway. 2-Iminobiotin did not alter cerebral NO(x) nor inhibited NOS in intact cells. Therefore, we conclude that it is highly unlikely that the neuroprotective effect of 2-IB involves NOS inhibition.