gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy attenuates nephritis in MRL/lpr mice (2004)

Anti-MCP-1 gene therapy is specifically effective in the localized inflammatory region. The data presented here indicate that this anti-MCP-1 gene therapy may be effective adjunct in the management of DPLN.
Immunostaining patterns of myoepithelial cells in breast lesions: a comparison of CD10 and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (2004)

Although CD10 can aid in the distinction between IC and DCIS, SMMHC is a more sensitive and specific marker of MEC and shows less heterogeneity of immunostaining patterns.
Serum Response Factor Is Required for Immediate-Early Gene Activation yet Is Dispensable for Proliferation of Embryonic Stem Cells (2001)

Addition of serum to mitogen-starved cells activates the cellular immediate-early gene (IEG) response. Serum response factor (SRF) contributes to such mitogen-stimulated transcriptional induction of many IEGs during the G0-G1 cell cycle transition. SRF is also believed to be essential for cell cycle progression, as impairment of SRF activity by specific antisera or antisense RNA has previously been shown to block mammalian cell proliferation. In contrast, Srf(-/-) mouse embryos grow and develop up to E6.0. Using the embryonic stem (ES) cell system, we demonstrate here that wild-type ES cells do not undergo complete cell cycle arrest upon serum withdrawal but that they can mount an efficient IEG response. This IEG response, however, is severely impaired in Srf(-/-) ES cells, providing the first genetic proof that IEG activation is dependent upon SRF. Also, Srf(-/-) ES cells display altered cellular morphology, reduced cortical actin expression, and an impaired plating efficiency on gelatin. Yet, despite these defects, the proliferation rates of Srf(-/-) ES cells are not substantially altered, demonstrating that SRF function is not required for ES cell cycle progression.
Characterization of Fv-1 Gene-Product-Mediated Resistance Transfer (1981)

Fv-1 gene-specific resistance to ecotropic murine retroviruses can be transferred to permissive cells with RNA prepared from restrictive cells. The active RNA has a sedimentation coefficient of 20-22S at low ionic strength and multiple regions of activity (5-6S, 10-12S, 24-27S) at high ionic strength. The maximum level of resistance transfer cannot be enhanced with noninhibitory carrier RNA or facilitators of RNA uptake, and the maximum inhibition (40-60%) is independent of the MOI. The low efficiency of resistance transfer is, therefore, probably the result of a fraction of cells resistant to RNA uptake.
Expression of the integrin subunit α9 in the murine embryo (1995)

The alpha 9 integrin subunit is expressed in adult skeletal muscle, visceral smooth muscle, hepatocytes, squamous epithelium, and airway epithelium. The in vivo function of this protein is unknown. Thus far, only a single alpha 9-containing integrin has been identified (alpha 9 beta 1) and only a single ligand (tenascin) has been found for this integrin. In order to gain insight into the potential function of alpha 9 integrin(s), we examined the spatiotemporal distribution of the alpha 9 subunit and tenascin during murine embryogenesis. In all tissues where alpha 9 was expressed, its appearance was associated with other evidence of cell differentiation. In developing airway, visceral, and vascular smooth muscles, the onset of alpha 9 expression either coincided with or immediately followed the expression of alpha-SM actin. Expression of alpha 9 in epithelia was restricted to the choroid plexus and the basal cell layer of squamous epithelia where its appearance coincided with the development of stratification. alpha 9 immunostaining was first detected in developing skeletal musculature when skeletal myotubes formed. Tenascin expression was detected in many, but not all tissues found to express alpha 9. For example, the hair germs of maturing hair follicles exhibited high levels of alpha 9 staining, but no tenascin immunoreactivity was detected either within the hair germ themselves or in the adjacent dermis. In some tissues where tenascin expression colocalized with alpha 9, expression patterns were not synchronous. Although alpha 9 expression was associated with the onset of tissue differentiation, its expression was not limited to terminally differentiated cells. In fact, in the skin, alpha 9 expression appeared restricted to cells known to retain the capacity to proliferate, i.e., basal cells and hair germs. Thus, alpha 9 integrin(s) are not likely to contribute to the early steps in organ formation, but probably play a role in the maturation and/or maintenance of a variety of differentiated tissues. The expression of alpha 9 without its only known ligand, tenascin, suggests the existence of additional ligands.
Industrial scale harvest of proteins from mammalian cell culture by tangential flow filtration (1991)

Abstract An industrial‐scale methods for harvest of biologically active proteins form mammalian cell culture has been developed using tangential flow filtration. A robust and economical process capable of processing approximately 5000 L conditioned media/h with protein yields in excess of 99% has been achieved. A completely contained system has been designed in which total cell number and viability are maintained throughout the process. The process has successfully been implemented at 1.25 × 10 4 L scale for the recovery of kilogram quantities of pharmaceutical proteins such as recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator (rt‐PA).
Peptide-induced stabilization and intracellular localization of empty HLA class I complexes. (1992)

The human cell line T2 has been reported to be class I assembly deficient, and accordingly expresses reduced amounts of HLA-A2 and no HLA-B5 at the cell surface. By immunoblotting we observe the steady-state class I heavy chain levels of T2 to be near normal when compared with the identical class I alleles of the wild-type cell line T1. In pulse chase experiments, formation of heavy chain beta 2-microglobulin complexes is observed for both HLA-A2 and HLA-B5. Culture at reduced temperatures (26 or 20 degrees C) does not increase the amount of class I molecules transported, unlike what has been reported for the class I assembly-deficient mouse mutant cell line RMA-S. The HLA-B5 and the HLA-A2 complexes formed by T2 are thermolabile in cell lysates, albeit to different degrees. The thermolability of HLA-B5 can be overcome by addition of HLA-B5-presentable peptides, obtained by trifluoroacetic acid extraction from an HLA-B5-positive cell line, underlining the necessity of peptide for class I stability and indicating that T2-derived class I complexes are devoid of peptide. Cytoplast fusion of T2 cells with RMA-S cells shows the defect in class I assembly of RMA-S to be similar to that of T2. Localization of class I molecules observed by immuno-electron microscopy reveals the accumulation in the T2 cell line of both HLA-B5 and HLA-A2 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Class I molecules are present in all the cisternae of the Golgi complex of T2, but the ratio of HLA-A and -B locus products in the Golgi area differs significantly from that at the cell surface. We conclude that the requirement for peptide in transport of class I molecules manifests itself at a stage beyond the ER, most likely the Golgi area.
FK506 activates BMPR2, rescues endothelial dysfunction, and reverses pulmonary hypertension (2013)

Dysfunctional bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 (BMPR2) signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We used a transcriptional high-throughput luciferase reporter assay to screen 3,756 FDA-approved drugs and bioactive compounds for induction of BMPR2 signaling. The best response was achieved with FK506 (tacrolimus), via a dual mechanism of action as a calcineurin inhibitor that also binds FK-binding protein-12 (FKBP12), a repressor of BMP signaling. FK506 released FKBP12 from type I receptors activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), ALK2, and ALK3 and activated downstream SMAD1/5 and MAPK signaling and ID1 gene regulation in a manner superior to the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine and the FKBP12 ligand rapamycin. In pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ECs) from patients with idiopathic PAH, low-dose FK506 reversed dysfunctional BMPR2 signaling. In mice with conditional Bmpr2 deletion in ECs, low-dose FK506 prevented exaggerated chronic hypoxic PAH associated with induction of EC targets of BMP signaling, such as apelin. Low-dose FK506 also reversed severe PAH in rats with medial hypertrophy following monocrotaline and in rats with neointima formation following VEGF receptor blockade and chronic hypoxia. Our studies indicate that low-dose FK506 could be useful in the treatment of PAH.
The major arcs in Waring's problem (1997)

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Major histocompatibility complex-restricted and unrestricted activation of helper T cell lines by liposome-bound antigens. (1986)

Helper T lymphocytes recognize foreign antigen together with class II major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC). However, it is not known in what form soluble protein antigens are presented to T cells. The difficulty of serologically demonstrating the presence of soluble antigen on the surface of APC, the observed rapid degradation of antigen by these cells, and the finding that under special circumstances peptides of a certain protein are more antigenic that the whole molecule have led to the notion that foreign antigens must be rendered immunogenic for helper T cells by internalization, processing (probably involving enzymatic fragmentation), and redisplay on the membrane of APC in association with class II Mhc molecules. To analyze antigen recognition by helper T cells and to assess the biological significance of antigen processing, we have constructed liposomes that carry inserted class II Mhc molecules and a protein antigen coupled covalently to one of the lipid constituents of the artificial membrane. We demonstrate here that such liposomes are capable of inducing proliferative responses of long-term cultured T-cell clones, and interleukin-2 (Il-2) production by a T-cell hybridoma in an antigen-specific, Mhc-restricted fashion, in the absence of antigen-presenting cells. The responses require the presence of foreign antigen and class II molecules on the same lipid vesicles. The magnitude of responses is critically dependent on the lipid composition, the density of bound antigen, and the concentration of liposomes in cell cultures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Light/dark cycles in the growth of the red microalgaPorphyridium sp. (1998)

The effect of light/dark cycles on the growth of the red microalga Porphyridium sp. was studied in a tubular loop bioreactor with light/dark cycles of different frequencies and in two 35-L reactors: a bubble column reactor and an air-lift reactor. Photon flux densities were in the range of 50 to 300 μE m-2 s-1, and flow rates were 1 to 10 L min-1. Under conditions of low illumination and high flow rates, similar results were obtained for the bubble column and air-lift reactors. However, higher productivities-in terms of biomass and polysaccharide-were recorded in the air-lift reactor under high light intensity and low gas flow rates. The interactions of both photosynthesis and photoinhibition with the fluid dynamics in the bioreactors was taken as the main element that allowed us to interpret the differences in performance of the bubble column and the air-lift reactor. It is suggested that the cyclic distribution of dark periods in the air-lift reactor facilitates better recovery from the photoinhibition damage suffered by the cells. Copyright 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
OYSTER: A Study of Integrated Circuits as Three-Dimensional Structures (1983)

This paper presents a design for a software system (OYSTER) for the parametric simulation and analysis of the fabrication steps of very large scale integrated circuit devices. The system is based on a solid geometric modeling approach in which the component parts of an integrated circuit are represented at any step as three-dimensional solid objects in a geometric data base. The simulation of a fabrication step transforms the data base representation of the geometry and the relations among component parts from their state before the step to their state after the step. At any step, and particularly after the final step, the component parts may be analyzed automatically to determine geometric, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Statistical effects may be incorporated to allow investigation of alignment tolerance build-up and yield. A prototype study is described in which an existing geometric modeling system is used to transform a set of planar masks for an FET device through 28 process steps into 3-D models which are used to compute device capacitances.
Direct interaction of Gadd45 with PCNA and evidence for competitive interaction of Gadd45 and p21Waf1/Cip1 with PCNA. (1995)

We have previously shown (Smith et al., 1994) that antibodies raised against the growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein Gadd45 co-precipitate proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a protein involved in DNA replication and repair. Here we demonstrate that Gadd45 can directly bind to PCNA using a Far-western blotting approach. In this assay, a Gadd45 bacterial expression vector was modified to allow synthesis of purified 32P-labeled Gadd45 fusion protein. This protein was used to detect filter bound PCNA protein, while filter bound Gadd45 protein could also be detected by free PCNA molecules. Using recombinant proteins in conjunction with immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, we show that Gadd45 competes with p21 for binding to PCNA and conversely, p21 blocks the ability of Gadd45 to bind PCNA. In addition, p21 appears to disrupt PCNA trimers whereas Gadd45 has a lesser effect. PCNA trimer disruption was also observed in UV-irradiated cells but not in repair-defective xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XP-A) cells.
Symmetrical and antisymmetrical buckling of unbraced frames (1979)

The results are reported of a second-order, elastic buckling investigation of single-bay unbraced frames, failing in the plane of bending. In the analysis the differential equations for the deformed elastic shape were used taking into account the finite displacements induced by the loads before buckling occurs. The ensuing frame buckling functions were solved for numerical cases by means of a computer program developed by the author for this purpose. The resulting elastic critical column loads have been incorporated in a non-dimensional failure load graph covering the full elastic and inelastic failure range for frames of the nature investigated.
Supercritical carbon dioxide assisted blending of polystyrene and poly(methyl methyacrylate) (1999)

Abstract A method for blending polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate), (PMMA), with the addition of supercritical carbon dioxide has been investigated. The first series of blends was a PMMA and polystyrene with similar melt viscosities. The second series of blends was a PMMA and polystyrene with a viscosity ratio (ηPMMA/ηpolystyrene) of about 20. The results show that a reduction in the size of the minor or dispersed phase is achieved when supercritical carbon dioxide is added to the blend system. A high‐pressure mixing vessel was used to prepare the blends under pressure with carbon dioxide for batch blending. The solubilities of CO 2 in PMMA and polystyrene, measured in the high‐pressure mixing vessel at 200°C and 13.78 MPa (2000 psi) was 5.8 and 3.6 wt%, respectively. A single screw extruder was used to study the effects of carbon dioxide on the viscosity of polymer melts. The melt viscosity of PMMA was reduced by up to 70% with approximately 0.4 wt% CO 2 . The melt viscosity of polystyrene was reduced by up to 56% with a CO 2 content of 0.3 wt%. A twin screw extruder was used to study the effects of injecting carbon dioxide in a continuous compounding operation.
MAPK-activated Protein Kinase 2 Deficiency in Microglia Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Mediator Release and Resultant Neurotoxicity (2006)

MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP K2 or MK2) is one of several kinases directly regulated by p38 MAPK. A role for p38 MAPK in the pathology of Alzheimer disease (AD) has previously been suggested. Here, we provide evidence to suggest that MK2 also plays a role in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative pathology of relevance to AD. MK2 activation and expression were increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + interferon gamma-stimulated microglial cells, implicating a role for MK2 in eliciting a pro-inflammatory response. Microglia cultured ex vivo from MK2-deficient (MK2-/-) mice demonstrated significant inhibition in release of tumor necrosis factor alpha, KC (mouse chemokine with highest sequence identity to human GROs and interleukin-8), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha on stimulation with LPS + interferon gamma or amyloid-beta peptide (1-42) compared with MK2+/+ wild-type microglia. Consistent with an inhibition in pro-inflammatory mediator release, cortical neurons co-cultured with LPS + interferon gamma-stimulated or amyloid-beta peptide (1-42)-stimulated MK2-/- microglia were protected from microglial-mediated neuronal cell toxicity. In a transgenic mouse model of AD in which amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 harboring familial AD mutations are overexpressed in specific regions of the brain, elevated activation and expression of MK2 correlated with beta-amyloid deposition, microglial activation, and up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha, and KC gene expression in the same brain regions. Our data propose a role for MK2 in AD brain pathology, for which neuroinflammation involving cytokines and chemokines and overt neuronal loss have been documented.
A novel BK virus-based episomal vector for expression of foreign genes in mammalian cells (1991)

A composite mammalian cell-E. coli shuttle vector was developed based on the human papova virus BK and pSV-neo. The vector contains a dioxin-responsive enhancer (DRE) controlling a mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter for the inducible expression of inserted genes. In human cells the vector replicates episomally, presumably utilizing the BKV rather than the SV40 origin, and expresses the BK T/t antigens. A deletion in the late BK region precludes the expression of the core/capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3, thereby preventing the infectious lytic cycle. HeLa cells which were transfected with this vector and selected for resistance to the antibiotic G418 maintained the construct primarily in episomal form during more than one year of continuous culture, with little or no integration into the host genome. Transformed cells cultured in higher concentrations of G418 contained higher copy numbers of the vector. This permits one to vary the dosage of an inserted gene easily and reversibly without the need of conventional amplification techniques and clonal analysis. Using a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene inserted downstream of the MMTV promoter, we found that CAT expression was greater in clones with higher vector copy number. CAT expression was inducible with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, but inducibility was found to be inversely proportional to the copy number. Transformation of bacteria with plasmid molecules retrieved from the mammalian host was efficient, making this vector well adapted for the screening of cDNA libraries for the ability to express a phenotype in mammalian cells. Moreover, DNA sequences were stable during long-term passage in mammalian cells; vector passaged continuously for more than one year retained fully functional bacterial genes for resistance to chloramphenicol and ampicillin.
Regulation of the Immune Response by Antigen (2001)

How, why, and when specific T and B lymphocytes respond against infection follow explicit rules, but how this can be assessed experimentally depends crucially on the methodology used. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the parameters of receptor specificity and antigen that determine whether an immune response can be accurately measured against model antigens and how this relates to protection against a given pathogen. We suggest that antigen structure, localization, dose, and time during which antigen is available are all decisive factors in regulating an immune response.
Molecular basis for the Born model of ion solvation (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular basis for the Born model of ion solvationBenoit RouxBenoit RouxMore by Benoit Roux, Hsiang Ai YuHsiang Ai YuMore by Hsiang Ai Yu, and Martin KarplusMartin KarplusMore by Martin KarplusCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 11, 4683–4688Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100374a057https://doi.org/10.1021/j100374a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1592Altmetric-Citations213LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Iron metabolism. (1986)

Major aspects of iron metabolism are reviewed including iron absorption, internal iron distribution and iron storage along with the development of laboratory tests for the evaluation of iron status.
Efficient Transformation of Primary Human Amniocytes by E1 Functions of Ad5: Generation of New Cell Lines for Adenoviral Vector Production (2000)

Primary human cells are relatively refractory to transformation by adenoviral E1 functions. For almost two decades, human embryonic kidney (HEK)-derived 293 cells have been the only E1-complementing cell line suitable for production of E1-deleted adenoviral vectors. More recently, new vector production cell lines have been derived from human embryonic retina (HER) cells, a cell type that is difficult to obtain. We were surprised to find that readily available primary human amniocytes are efficiently transformed by adenoviral E1 functions. We selected cell lines that allow high-titer production of recombinant adenoviral vectors. The generation of replication-competent adenovirus (RCA) during production, caused by homologous recombination between vector and cellular DNA, was excluded by designing the transforming plasmid to lack sequence overlap with current adenoviral vectors. In addition, we generated an infectious plasmid that can be used for convenient generation of first-generation adenoviral vectors in Escherichia coli and that matches the E1 complementation in the new production cell lines.