gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Visual Cues on Directional Benefit and Preference: Part II—Field Tests (2009)

The field data did not reveal the effect of visual cues on preference for DIR processing because preference was not altered by the availability of visual cues. This negative result may be due to the unsuccessful control of visual cues during the field trial. However, the finding that AV laboratory testing predicted field outcomes more accurately than did auditory-only testing demonstrates the role of visual cues in the real world and emphasizes the necessity of using AV testing in the laboratory to evaluate DIR microphone hearing aids. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the importance of factors other than DIR benefit-such as loudness and hearing aid internal noise-in determining preference for microphone mode in the real world.
Urinary excretion of viable podocytes in health and renal disease (2003)

The loss of glomerular visceral epithelial cells (podocytes) has been associated with the development of glomerular sclerosis and loss of renal function. Viability of podocytes recovered from urine of subjects with glomerular disease and of healthy controls was investigated by propidium iodide exclusion and TUNEL staining. Podocyte loss was quantified by cytospin. The growth behavior in culture of urinary cells and their expression of specific markers were examined. The majority of urinary podocytes are viable, although apoptosis occurs in about one-half of the cells. Patients with active glomerular disease excreted up to 388 podocytes/mg creatinine, whereas healthy controls and patients with quiescent disease generally excreted <0.5 podocytes/mg creatinine. The identity of cultured cells was confirmed by their morphology, growth behavior, and expression of podocyte-specific markers. The difference in growth behavior between healthy controls and subjects with active glomerular disease suggests that in active disease viable podocytes detach from the glomerular tuft due to local environmental factors rather than defects in the podocytes per se, whereas in healthy individuals mostly senescent podocytes are shed.
Induction of activation antigens on human natural killer cells mediated through the Fc-gamma receptor. (1989)

NK cells, defined here as lymphocytes bearing the CD16 Ag found on the NK cell Fc-gamma receptor (FcR), are known to enter a proliferative and activated state in response to stimulation with IL-2 as assessed by clonal expansion, short-term DNA synthesis, and de novo expression of lymphocyte-associated activation Ag. We have found that the FcR of NK cells acts as a signaling pathway through which IL-2-dependent activation may be greatly enhanced, allowing for more rapid induction of activation Ag and recruitment of an increased percentage of cells expressing surface markers of cellular activation. FcR-interactive agents, such as solid phase immobilized immune complexes or cross-linked CD16-specific mAb, work synergistically with rIL-2 to elicit a rapid expression of IL2R and transferrin receptors on greater than 50% of purified NK cells as early as day 3 of culture. IL-2 or FcR-interactive stimuli alone were weak or ineffective stimulators by comparison. In contrast to the induction of de novo activation Ag, DNA synthesis was elicited by IL-2 alone, but was not substantially or consistently enhanced by the subsequent addition of FcR-interactive stimuli.
Second-Site Mutation Outside of the U S 10-12 Domain of Δγ 1 34.5 Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Recombinant Blocks the Shutoff of Protein Synthesis Induced by Activated Protein Kinase R and Partially Restores Neurovirulence (2002)

Earlier studies have shown that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activated protein kinase R (PKR) but that the product of the product of the gamma(1)34.5 gene binds and redirects the host phosphatase 1 to dephosphorylate the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2alpha). In consequence, the gamma(1)34.5 gene product averts the threatened shutoff of protein synthesis caused by activated PKR. Serial passages of Deltagamma(1)34.5 mutants in human cells led to isolation of two classes of second-site, compensatory mutants. The first, reported earlier, resulted from the juxtaposition of the alpha promoter of the U(S)12 gene to the coding sequence of the U(S)11 gene. The mutant blocks the phosphorylation of eIF-2alpha but does not restore the virulence phenotype of the wild-type virus. We report another class of second-site, compensatory mutants that do not map to the U(S)10-12 domain of the HSV-1 genome. All mutants in this series exhibit sustained late protein synthesis, higher yields in human cells, and reduced phosphorylation of PKR that appears to be phosphatase dependent. Specific dephosphorylation of eIF-2alpha was not demonstrable. At least one mutant in this series exhibited a partial restoration of the virulence phenotype characteristic of the wild-type virus phenotype. The results suggest that the second-site mutations reflect activation of fossilized functions designed to block the interferon response pathways in cells infected with the progenitor of present HSV.
Tachycardia Detection in Implantable Antitachycardia Devices (1984)

We have developed a microcomputer algorithm for tachycardia identification suitable for use in an implanted antitachycardia pacemaker. The algorithm distinguishes atrial, ventricular, and AV reentrant tachycardia, while ignoring high rates due to sinus tachycardia. A new method whereby the pacemaker delivers an atrial extrastimulus has been developed for distinguishing paroxysmal 1:1 tachycardia from sinus tachycardia, and has undergone preliminary testing in the electrophysiology laboratory. Preliminary results indicate sinus tachycardia can be reliably distinguished from paroxysmal 1:1 tachycardia by a properly timed extrastimulus delivered to the right atrium.
Enzymatic Redesigning of Biologically Active Heparan Sulfate (2005)

Heparan sulfate carries a wide range of biological activities, regulating blood coagulation, cell differentiation, and inflammatory responses. The sulfation patterns of the polysaccharide are essential for the biological activities. In this study, we report an enzymatic method for the sulfation of multimilligram amounts of heparan sulfate with specific functions using immobilized sulfotransferases combined with a 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate regeneration system. By selecting appropriate enzymatic modification steps, an inactive precursor has been converted to the heparan sulfate having three distinct biological activities, associated with binding to antithrombin, fibroblast growth factor-2, and herpes simplex virus envelope glycoprotein D. Because the recombinant sulfotransferases are expressed in bacteria, and the method uses a low cost sulfo donor, it can be readily utilized to synthesize large quantities of anticoagulant heparin drug or other biologically active heparan sulfates.
A new murine CD4+ T cell subset with an unrestricted cytokine profile. (1989)

CD4+ T cell clones were derived from mice immunized to keyhole limpet hemocyanin to characterize the cytokine profiles of newly isolated clones. Surprisingly, several of the clones had an unrestricted profile, producing IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IFN-gamma, and TNF after either Con A or Ag stimulation. The coproduction of IL-2 and IL-4 was confirmed at the mRNA level. Subclones were derived which contained RNA transcripts for, as well as secreted, both IL-2 and IL-4 thus confirming the clonality of the original T cell clones. CD4+ T cell clones that expressed an unrestricted cytokine profile upon Con A stimulation were also isolated from mice immunized to other Ag (hen egg lysozyme, OVA, or type II collagen). These data indicate that CD4+ T cell clones newly isolated from immunized mice do not necessarily segregate into the Th1 and Th2 subsets. We propose this new murine CD4+ cell subset with an unrestricted pattern of cytokine production be called Th0.
[Granulocyte alkaline phosphatase and myeloperoxidase in patients with ischemic heart disease]. (1989)

Alkaline phosphatase and myeloperoxidase was examined in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. It was established that patients with myocardial infarction showed high values of alkaline phosphatase while the values of myeloperoxidase were low. Dynamic evaluation of alkaline phosphatase and myeloperoxidase of leucocytes allows to assess the course of myocardial infarction and efficacy of its treatment.
Role of Adhesins and Toxins in Invasion of Human Tracheal Epithelial Cells by Bordetella pertussis (2000)

Bordetella pertussis, the agent of whooping cough, can invade and survive in several types of eukaryotic cell, including CHO, HeLa 229, and HEp-2 cells and macrophages. In this study, we analyzed bacterial invasiveness in nonrespiratory human HeLa epithelial cells and human HTE and HAE0 tracheal epithelial cells. Invasion assays and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that B. pertussis strains invaded and survived, without multiplying, in HTE or HAE0 cells. This phenomenon was bvg regulated, but invasive properties differed between B. pertussis strains and isolates and the B. pertussis reference strain. Studies with B. pertussis mutant strains demonstrated that filamentous hemagglutinin, the major adhesin, was involved in the invasion of human tracheal epithelial cells by bacteria but not in that of HeLa cells. Fimbriae and pertussis toxin were not found to be involved. However, we found that the production of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin prevents the invasion of HeLa and HTE cells by B. pertussis because an adenylate cyclase-hemolysin-deficient mutant was found to be more invasive than the parental strain. The effect of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin was mediated by an increase in the cyclic AMP concentration in the cells. Pertactin (PRN), an adhesin, significantly inhibited the invasion of HTE cells by bacteria, probably via its interaction with adenylate cyclase-hemolysin. Isolates producing different PRNs were taken up similarly, indicating that the differences in the sequences of the PRNs produced by these isolates do not affect invasion. We concluded that filamentous hemagglutinin production favored invasion of human tracheal cells but that adenylate cyclase-hemolysin and PRN production significantly inhibited this process.
Antibody mediated rejection of human liver allografts: transplantation across ABO blood group barriers. (1989)

Liver allografts are resistant to hyperacute or antibody mediated rejection from preformed antibodies. No consistent syndrome develops following transplantation when a recipient harbors preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies.1,2 The only apparent deleterious effect of preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies is a higher incidence of the “vanishing bile duct syndrome.”3 Despite these clinical observations, a phenomenon akin to “hyperacute” rejection can be seen following liver transplantation in experimental animals who were previously sensitized to donor antigens.4,5 Additionally, isolated case reports thought to represent hyperacute rejection of the liver in humans, have appeared over the years.6,7 However, no pathophysiologic mechanisms or means of predicting its occurrence in humans have been proposed. The following study was designed to address this problem.

The syndrome of hyperacute rejection was first recognized in renal transplantation when crossing ABO blood group barriers.8 A similar process developed when a recipient harbored preformed lymphocytotoxic antibodies.9 We therefore took advantage of this historical perspective and embarked on a detailed study of liver allografts across ABO blood group barriers.

Analysis of the patient’s course and pathology specimens revealed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher rate of early graft failure (<3 weeks) in ABO incompatible (ABO-I) grafts when compared to ABO compatible (ABO-C), age, sex and priority matched controls. Study of these cases allowed for the recognition of antibody mediated rejection of human liver allografts and for the development of criteria for establishing the diagnosis.
Robot motion planning in a changing, partially predictable environment (2002)

Presents a framework for analyzing and determining robot motion plans for situations in which the robot is affected by an environment that probabilistically changes over time. In general, motion planning under uncertainty has received substantial interest, and in particular a changing-environment has been recognized as an important aspect of motion planing under uncertainty. The authors model the environment as a finite-state Markov process, and the robot executes a motion strategy that is conditioned on its current position and the state of the environment. Optimality of a robot strategy is evaluated in terms of a performance functional that depends on the environment, robot actions, and a precise encoding of relevant preferences. By using a simple, yet powerful computation technique that is based on dynamic programming, the authors can numerically compute optimal robot strategies for a wide class of problems, surpassing previous results in this context that were obtained analytically. Several computed motion planning examples are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
WISP-1 is a Wnt-1- and beta-catenin-responsive oncogene. (2000)

WISP-1 (Wnt-1 induced secreted protein 1) is a member of the CCN family of growth factors. This study identifies WISP-1 as a beta-catenin-regulated gene that can contribute to tumorigenesis. The promoter of WISP-1 was cloned and shown to be activated by both Wnt-1 and beta-catenin expression. TCF/LEF sites played a minor role, whereas the CREB site played an important role in this transcriptional activation. WISP-1 demonstrated oncogenic activities; overexpression of WISP-1 in normal rat kidney fibroblast cells (NRK-49F) induced morphological transformation, accelerated cell growth, and enhanced saturation density. Although these cells did not acquire anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, they readily formed tumors in nude mice, suggesting that appropriate cellular attachment is important for signaling oncogenic events downstream of WISP-1.
Low-temperature polysilicon TFT with gate oxide grown by high-pressure oxidation (1991)

Polysilicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated with the maximum processing temperature limited to 650 degrees C. Best results were obtained when the gate oxide was grown by a two-step high-pressure oxidation process, using high-pressure steam and then dry oxygen both at 15 atm and 650 degrees C. The TFTs exhibit a mobility of 34 cm/sup 2//V*s, threshold voltage of 3.5 V, leakage current below 0.01 pA/ mu m, subthreshold slope of 0.18 V/decade, and an ON/OFF ratio of over eight orders of magnitude. These values are comparable to those obtained with conventional polysilicon TFTs using high-temperature thermal oxidation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Glucose monitoring: state of the art and future possibilities (1996)

This article reviews the development of glucose monitoring techniques and approaches during the last decade. The predominance of the electrochemical measuring principles reported in the literature makes them a focus of this work. Biosensors are still in the main stream of the research interest of most teams due to their high selectivity for glucose determination. Systematization and classification of the glucose monitoring principles and types of glucose sensors is shown. The review gives a brief description of the basic operational principles of the most popular types of glucose biosensors, providing an enhanced bibliography of the original works of the main groups in establishing or significantly contributing to the development of the particular type of glucose biosensor. Different design approaches are overviewed including needle-type sensors, sensors for chronical implantation and the combination of the glucose biosensors with microdialysis sampling technique. The authors approach for replacing of the spent enzyme and thus recharging the sensor in situ while implanted is widely discussed. This approach provides a way to increase the lifespan of the system and ultimately, it could lead to rare transcutaneous interventions for refilling of the implanted sensor.
Structural study of novel antimicrobial peptides, nigrocins, isolated from Rana nigromaculata (2001)

Novel cationic antimicrobial peptides, named nigrocin 1 and 2, were isolated from the skin of Rana nigromaculata and their amino acid sequences were determined. These peptides manifested a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms with different specificity. By primary structural analysis, it was revealed that nigrocin 1 has high sequence homology with brevinin 2 but nigrocin 2 has low sequence homology with any other known antimicrobial peptides. To investigate the structure-activity relationship of nigrocin 2, which has a unique primary structure, circular dichroism (CD) and homonuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) studies were performed. CD investigation revealed that nigrocin 2 adopts mainly an alpha-helical structure in trifluoroethanol (TFE)/H(2)O solution, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles, and dodecylphosphocholine micelles. The solution structures of nigrocin 2 in TFE/H(2)O (1:1, v/v) solution and in SDS micelles were determined by homonuclear NMR. Nigrocin 2 consists of a typical amphipathic alpha-helix spanning residues 3-18 in both 50% TFE solution and SDS micelles. From the structural comparison of nigrocin 2 with other known antimicrobial peptides, nigrocin 2 could be classified into the family of antimicrobial peptides containing a single linear amphipathic alpha-helix that potentially disrupts membrane integrity, which would result in cell death.
Parallel execution on the function‐partitioned processor with multiple instruction streams (1991)

Abstract This paper proposes a parallel execution mechanism with the refinement between machine instruction level to the register transfer level. In the proposed mechanism, the processor is function‐partitioned into a number of processing units, and instruction streams are assigned independently to the processing units. According to the arc indicating the dependency in the control flow graph, the processing units exchange the asynchronous control signals at a high speed. Compared with the synchronous parallel execution mechanism such as VLIW, the proposed mechanism can extract the parallelism in a flexible and detailed way. First, the general parallel computation model based on the proposed mechanism is described. Then the basic configuration of the computer is described for the prototype model based on three classes of machine instructions. A simple evaluation is presented through execution examples of sample programs.
Oscillations of magnetically levitated aspherical droplets (1991)

In experiments to measure the surface energy of a magnetically levitated molten metal droplet by observation of its oscillation frequencies, Rayleigh's equation is usually used. This assumes that the equilibrium shape is a sphere, and the surface restoring force is due only to surface tension. This work investigates how the vibrations of a non-rotating liquid droplet are affected by the asphericity and additional restoring forces that the levitating field introduces. The calculations show that the expected single frequency of the fundamental mode is split into either three, when there is an axis of rotational symmetry, or five unequally spaced bands. Frequencies, on average, are higher than those of an unconstrained droplet; the surface tension appears to be increased over its normal value. This requires a small correction to be made in all analyses of surface energy. A frequency sum rule is derived from a simplified model of the magnetic field which allows the corresponding Rayleigh frequency to be evaluated from the observed frequencies of the fundamental and translational modes. A more detailed analysis shows a similar correction but one that is also sensitive to the position of the droplet in the field.
Diastereoselective Tandem 6-exoCarbolithiation Intramolecular Ring Opening in (−)-8-Aminomenthol-Derived Perhydrobenzoxazines. A New Synthesis of Enantiopure 4-Substituted Tetrahydro Isoquinolines and 2-Azabenzonorbornanes (2001)

Aryllithiums prepared by bromine-lithium interchange in chiral 2-(o-bromophenyl)-substituted perhydro-1,3-benzoxazines participate in the intramolecular 6-exo carbolithiation reaction with unactivated double bonds attached to the nitrogen substituent of the heterocycle. When the reaction time is extended or no TMEDA is used, the cyclized lithium intermediates react intramolecularly with the N,O-acetal system leading to 2-azabenzonorbornane derivatives. The reactions are highly stereoselective and constitute a high-yielding synthesis of enantiopure 4-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines or 7-substituted 2-azabenzonorbornanes.
Interferometric ground-roll removal: Attenuation of scattered surface waves in single-sensor data (2010)

Abstract Land seismic data are contaminated by surface waves (or ground roll). These surface waves are a form of source-generated noise and can be strongly scattered by near-surface heterogeneities. The resulting scattered ground roll can be particularly difficult to separate from the desired reflection data, especially when this scattered ground roll propagates in the crossline direction. We have used seismic interferometry to estimate scattered surface waves, recorded during an exploration seismic survey, between pairs of receiver locations. Where sources and receivers coincide, these interreceiver surface-wave estimates were adaptively subtracted from the data. This predictive-subtraction process can successfully attenuate scattered surface waves while preserving the valuable reflected arrivals, forming a new method of scattered ground-roll attenuation. We refer to this as interferometric ground-roll removal.
Targeted Gene Modification Using Triplex-Forming Oligonucleotides (2004)

In recent years, triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) have emerged as powerful tools for site-specific gene modification. Their sequence specificity, binding affinity, and ability to provoke repair and recombination make them promising reagents for altering gene expression. This chapter highlights the binding requirements for triplex formation, identifies a number of chemical modifications that have been used with some success, and discusses studies using TFOs for inhibiting transcription. It also reviews work done using TFOs and related molecules to direct site-specific DNA damage, inducing mutagenesis or sensitizing a site to recombination. TFOs were initially used as positioning devices for nonspecific mutagens but were later discovered to have mutagenic properties of their own in cells with functional nucleotide excision repair (NER) and transcription-coupled repair (TCR) pathways. In subsequent studies triplex formation was able to induce both intramolecular and intermolecular homologous recombination, revealing its potential application for gene therapy. Recent reports demonstrate the ability of these molecules to locate and modify their cognate sites in chromosomal DNA in both cell culture and live animals, laying the foundation for triplex technology in vivo.