gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What Makes Tom Hanks Look Like Tom Hanks (2015)

We reconstruct a controllable model of a person from a large photo collection that captures his or her persona, i.e., physical appearance and behavior. The ability to operate on unstructured photo collections enables modeling a huge number of people, including celebrities and other well photographed people without requiring them to be scanned. Moreover, we show the ability to drive or puppeteer the captured person B using any other video of a different person A. In this scenario, B acts out the role of person A, but retains his/her own personality and character. Our system is based on a novel combination of 3D face reconstruction, tracking, alignment, and multi-texture modeling, applied to the puppeteering problem. We demonstrate convincing results on a large variety of celebrities derived from Internet imagery and video.
Liquid-State NMR and Scalar Couplings in Microtesla Magnetic Fields (2002)

We obtained nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of liquids in fields of a few microtesla, using prepolarization in fields of a few millitesla and detection with a dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Because the sensitivity of the SQUID is frequency independent, we enhanced both signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution by detecting the NMR signal in extremely low magnetic fields, where the NMR lines become very narrow even for grossly inhomogeneous measurement fields. In the absence of chemical shifts, proton-phosphorous scalar (J) couplings have been detected, indicating the presence of specific covalent bonds. This observation opens the possibility for "pure J spectroscopy" as a diagnostic tool for the detection of molecules in low magnetic fields.
Interferometric measurement of refractive-index change in photosensitive glass (2001)

We report on a technique for determining the change in the refractive index of photosensitive glass. We have demonstrated our interferometer-based technique on fiber preform and bulk glass samples, achieving an optical-path-difference (OPD) repeatability of 0.2 nm. For the bulk glass sample we measured an OPD of 15.2 ? 3.0 nm, corresponding to an index change of 2.1 ? 0.7 x 10(-5). Our technique was found to be insensitive to the effects of photodarkening and material compaction.
Killing two birds with one stone: simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA from activated sludge biomass (1999)

DNA and RNA are usually extracted from activated sludge samples using two separate methods developed for soil and sediment samples. However, activated sludge differs from soil and sediment in at least three aspects: high biomass density, low humic acid content, and the presence of bacterial aggregate flocs. Taking these characteristics into consideration, we developed a simple and rapid method allowing simultaneous DNA and RNA extraction from activated sludge samples. This method combines (i) mini-bead beating, which is most efficient in breaking bacterial aggregate flocs and cells, (ii) protection of RNA with diethyl pyrocarbonate, and (iii) precipitation of impurities with ammonium acetate. Phenol/chloroform extraction and column purification are not necessary. The resulting DNA and RNA are suitable for PCR and reverse transcriptase - PCR, respectively. The efficiencies of cell lysis and nucleic acid recovery were high enough to permit detection by PCR of 10 2 cells/mL of mixed liquor. By simultaneously extracting both DNA and RNA from a single sample, this method eliminates variability in cell lysis between extraction of DNA and RNA using two different methods. This extraction method is rapid, and within 1 h, one person can process four or more samples. This simple method makes it easier to analyze a large number of activated sludge samples.Key words: activated sludge, DNA, extraction, PCR, RNA.
Identification of a C-terminal Region That Regulates Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase-1 Cytoplasmic Localization and ERK Activation (2001)

The C-terminal region of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 and 2 (MKK1 and MKK2) may function in regulating interactions with upstream kinases or the magnitude and duration of ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. The MKK C-terminal region contains a proline-rich region that reportedly functions in regulating interactions with the Raf-1 kinase and ERK activity. In addition, phosphorylation sites in the C terminus of MKK1 have been suggested to either sustain or attenuate MKK1 activity. To further understand how phosphorylation at the C terminus of MKK1 and protein interactions regulate MKK1 function, we have generated several MKK1 C-terminal deletion mutants and examined their function in regulating MKK1 localization, ERK protein activation, and cell growth. A deletion of C-terminal amino acids encompassing two putative alpha-helices between residues 330 and 379 caused a re-distribution of mutant MKK1 proteins to membrane compartments. Immunofluorescence analysis of MKK1 mutants revealed a loss of homogenous cytosolic distribution that is typically observed with MKK1 wild type, suggesting this region regulates MKK1 cellular localization. In contrast, MKK1 C-terminal deletion mutants localized to various sized punctate regions that overlapped with lysosome compartments. ERK activation in response to constitutively active Raf-1 or growth factor stimulus was attenuated in cells expressing MKK1 C-terminal deletion mutants. This could be partly explained by the inability of Raf-1 to phosphorylate MKK1 C-terminal deletion mutants even though the phosphorylation sites were intact in these mutants. Finally, we show that cells expressing MKK1 C-terminal deletion mutants displayed characteristic patterns of apoptotic cell death and reduced cell proliferation. These findings identify a novel C-terminal region between amino acid residues 330 and 379 on MKK1 that is necessary for regulating the cytoplasmic distribution and subsequent ERK protein activation necessary for cell survival and viability.
A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists (2001)

During the past years a number of potent and selective antagonists for the human A(3) adenosine receptor (AR) have been developed, including tricyclic compounds, such as triazoloquinazoline, pyrazolo-triazolopyridine, imidazopurinone, triazoloquinoxaline and pyrazoloquinoline derivatives. Bicyclic compounds include isoquinoline and related quinazoline derivatives. Monocyclic dihydropyridine and pyridine also proved to be potent selective A(3) AR antagonists. So far, no potent, selective antagonist is available for rodent A(3) ARs. Most of the A(3) AR antagonists are highly lipophilic and exhibit very poor water-solubility. Potential therapeutic applications for A(3) AR antagonists include inflammatory diseases, asthma, stroke, and glaucoma.
Complement (2001)

Complement at the Interface between Innate and Adaptive ImmunityThe formation of an antibody–antigen complex (immune complex) is the principal way of activating the classical pathway of the complement system. C1q, an integral part of the first component of complement (C1), triggers the activation process when it docks onto antibodies within these immune complexes. In this way, C1q acts to bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems.Complement also has an important role in the induction of antibody responses.62 This was shown first by Pepys, who demonstrated that the formation of antibodies against T-cell–dependent antigens was reduced in animals in . . .
Potential clinical applications of rhGM-CSF in acute myeloid leukemia based on its biologic activity and receptor interaction. (1997)

It is likely that new data from controlled clinical trials will clarify the therapeutic role of GM-CSF in myeloid-derived malignancies, allowing the establishment of consensus guidelines for its use.
Total synthesis of anthramycin (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of anthramycinWilly Leimgruber, Andrew D. Batcho, and R. C. CzajkowskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 20, 5641–5643Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01022a078Request reuse permissionsArticle Views654Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (378 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pharmacokinetic comparison of two valproic acid formulations: a plain and a controlled release enteric-coated tablets (1993)

We investigated the single- and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of a new controlled-release formulation (Orfil retard enteric coated tablet) of valproic acid in comparison with those of the plain tablet as a reference. Twelve healthy volunteers were given each formulation of 300 mg in the single-dose study. In the steady-state multiple-dose study, twelve epileptic patients received 1200 mg/day of the reference drug (300 mg 9 AM, 300 mg 3 PM, 600 mg 9 PM) and the test formulation (600 mg 9 AM, 600 mg 9 PM) with at least one week interval in cross-over manner. The AUC values of the test controlled release formulation were 91.7% (95% confidence interval: 78.4-100.4%) of the reference drug in the single-dose study and 98.2% (95% confidence interval: 86.2%-109.9%) in the steady-state study. The AUC's of the two formulations were not significantly different by ANOVA test. The Cmax and Tmax values of the test formulation were significantly different from the values of the reference in single-(Tmax: 158.4%, Cmax: 52.5% of the reference) and multiple-dose study (Tmax: 153.5% of the reference). The MRT values of the test formulation were also significantly greater (129.4% of the reference) in the single-dose study. Regarding the controlled-release characteristics of the test formulation, fluctuation index and percentage fluctuation of the twice a day dosage regimen of the test formulation were comparable with those of the thrice a day dosage regimen of the conventional tablet. Area deviation was even smaller in the test regimen of the controlled release formulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Linear inverse solutions with optimal resolution kernels applied to electromagnetic tomography (1997)

This paper discusses the construction of inverse solutions with optimal resolution kernels and applications of them in the reconstruction of the generators of the EEG/MEG. On the basis of the framework proposed by Backus and Gilbert [1967], we show how a family of well-known solutions ranging from the minimum norm method to the generalized Wiener estimator can be derived. It is shown that these solutions have optimal properties in some well-defined sense since they are obtained by optimizing either the resolution kernels and/or the variances of the estimates. New proposals for the optimization of resolution are made. In particular, a method termed “weighted resolution optimization” (WROP) is introduced that deals with the difficulties inherent to the method of Backus and Gilbert [1967], from both a conceptual and a numerical point of view. One-dimensional simulations are presented to illustrate the concept and the interpretation of resolution kernels. Three-dimensional simulations shed light on the resolution properties of some linear inverse solutions when applied to the biomagnetic inverse problem. The simulations suggest that a reliable three-dimensional electromagnetic tomography based on linear inverse solutions cannot be constructed, unless significant a priori information is included. The relationship between the resolution kernels and a definition of spatial resolution is emphasized. Special consideration is given to the use of resolution kernels to assess the properties of linear inverse solutions as well as for the design of inverse solutions with optimal resolution kernels. Hum. Brain Mapping 5:454–467, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Conditional entropy-constrained vector quantization of linear predictive coefficients (2002)

Vector quantization (VQ) followed by entropy coding is used to compress linear predictive coefficients (LPCs) of speech into a variable-rate representation with distortion. It is shown in the LPC case that when a conditional entropy coder is used i.e., when the entropy code used for the current codeword is conditioned on the previous codeword, then a conditional version of entropy constrained vector quantizer (ECVQ) outperforms a conditional version of the straightforward approach by over 27%. Thus, conditioning restores the usual gain of ECVQ over standard VQ. This 27% reduction in bit rate is over and above the 42% reduction in bit rate already obtained by using a conditional rather than memoryless entropy coder in the straightforward approach. The product of these reductions is an overall reduction of 60% in average rate from the original, fixed-rate LPC system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of elastomeric blends by atomic force microscopy (2005)

Abstract The bulk mechanical properties of a blend of elastomers are found to depend on the micro and nano scale morphology of the phases of the materials in the blend. In this study, we examine the phase morphology of blends of incompatible elastomers using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Specifically, nanoindentation and Tapping Mode AFM (TMAFM) imaging techniques are used as experimental tools for mapping the composition of unfilled elastomeric blends. Depending on the composition of the blend, either co‐continuous or discontinuous domain/matrix morphology is observed. To identify the different components in bromobutyl (BIIR)/natural rubber (NR) blends, nanoscale indentation measurements were made on the observed phase‐separated regions. Results from force mode AFM and mechanical measurements of bulk NR and BIIR are used to assist in the interpretation of the TMAFM results for the BIIR/NR blends. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 492–503, 2006
Characterization of Slit Protein Interactions with Glypican-1 (2001)

We have demonstrated previously that the Slit proteins, which are involved in axonal guidance and related developmental processes in nervous tissue, are ligands of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan glypican-1 in brain (Liang, Y., Annan, R. S., Carr, S. A., Popp, S., Mevissen, M., Margolis, R. K., and Margolis, R. U. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 17885--17892). To characterize these interactions in more detail, recombinant human Slit-2 protein and the N- and C-terminal portions generated by in vivo proteolytic processing were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the binding of a glypican-Fc fusion protein. Saturable and reversible high affinity binding to the full-length protein and to the C-terminal portion that is released from the cell membrane was seen, with dissociation constants in the 80-110 nm range, whereas only a relatively low level of binding to the larger N-terminal segment was detected. Co-transfection of 293 cells with Slit and glypican-1 cDNAs followed by immunoprecipitation demonstrated that these interactions also occur in vivo, and immunocytochemical studies showed colocalization in the embryonic and adult central nervous system. The binding affinity of the glypican core protein to Slit is an order of magnitude lower than that of the glycanated proteoglycan. Glypican binding to Slit was also decreased 80--90% by heparin (2 microg/ml), enzymatic removal of the heparan sulfate chains, and by chlorate inhibition of glypican sulfation. The differential effects of N- or O-desulfated heparin on glypican binding also indicate that O-sulfate groups on the heparan sulfate chains play a critical role in heparin interactions with Slit. Our data suggest that glypican binding to the releasable C-terminal portion of Slit may serve as a mechanism for regulating the biological activity of Slit and/or the proteoglycan.
Characterization of Metastasis Formation and Virotherapy in the Human C33A Cervical Cancer Model (2014)

More than 90% of cancer mortalities are due to cancer that has metastasized. Therefore, it is crucial to intensify research on metastasis formation and therapy. Here, we describe for the first time the metastasizing ability of the human cervical cancer cell line C33A in athymic nude mice after subcutaneous implantation of tumor cells. In this model, we demonstrated a steady progression of lumbar and renal lymph node metastases during tumor development. Besides predominantly occurring lymphatic metastases, we visualized the formation of hematogenous metastases utilizing red fluorescent protein (RFP) expressing C33A-RFP cells. RFP positive cancer cells were found migrating in blood vessels and forming micrometastases in lungs of tumor-bearing mice. Next, we set out to analyze the influence of oncolytic virotherapy in the C33A-RFP model and demonstrated an efficient virus-mediated reduction of tumor size and metastatic burden. These results suggest the C33A-RFP cervical cancer model as a new platform to analyze cancer metastases as well as to test novel treatment options to combat metastases.
A statistical approach to machine translation (1990)

In this paper, we present a statistical approach to machine translation. We describe the application of our approach to translation from French to English and give preliminary results.
Stacked subwavelength gratings as circular polarization filters (2001)

We have stacked subwavelength gratings (SWGs) on a single substrate to create a compact, integrated circular polarization filter. The SWGs consist of a wire grid polarizer and a broadband form-birefringent quarter-wave plate (QWP). Rigorous coupled-wave analysis was used to design the QWP for operation over the 3.5-5.0-mum wavelength range. The fabricated silicon broadband QWP exhibited a phase retardance of 82-97 degrees across this wavelength range. Two stacked structures are presented, each with a different wire grid polarizer fabricated on an organic planarization layer (SU-8) that is deposited on a QWP grating. Transmittance measurements of the first structure when illuminated with nominally right- and left-circularly polarized light indicate a circular extinction ratio (CER) limited by the low linear extinction ratio of the polarizer. Use of a wire grid polarizer with a higher extinct ratio led to a stacked SWG structure that demonstrated CERs of 10-45 across the 3.5-5.0-mum wavelength range.
Small‐diameter human vessel wall engineered from bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) (2008)

Using biodegradable scaffold and a biomimetic perfusion system, our lab has successfully engineered small-diameter vessel grafts using endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) obtained from vessels in various species. However, translating this technique into humans has presented tremendous obstacles due to species and age differences. SMCs from elderly persons have limited proliferative capacity and a reduction in collagen production, which impair the mechanical strength of engineered vessels. As an alternative cell source, adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were studied for their ability to differentiate into SMCs in culture plates as well as in a bioreactor system. In the former setting, immunofluorescence staining showed that MSCs, after induction for 14 days, expressed smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA) and calponin, early and mid-SMC phenotypic markers, respectively. In the latter setting, vessel walls were constructed with MSC-derived SMCs. Various factors (i.e., matrix proteins, soluble factors, and cyclic strain) in the engineering system were further investigated for their effects on hMSC cell proliferation and differentiation into SMCs. Based on a screening of multiple factors, the engineering system was optimized by dividing the vessel culture into proliferation and differentiation phases. The vessel walls engineered under the optimized conditions were examined histologically and molecularly, and found to be substantially similar to native vessels. In conclusion, bone marrow-derived hMSCs can serve as a new cell source of SMCs in vessel engineering. Optimization of the culture conditions to drive SMC differentiation and matrix production significantly improved the quality of the hMSC-derived engineered vessel wall.
Analysis and Functionality of Major Polyphenolic Components of Polygonum cuspidatum (Itadori) (2012)

Polygonum cuspidatum has been broadly utilized as a herbal medicine in Asia, but the outline of the polyphenol compounds in the plant has not been characterized well. In the present study, the major polyphenolic components were isolated from the roots of P. cuspidatum, and identified as resveratrol and its glucosides, resveratroloside and polydatin. On the other hand, chlorogenic acid was found to be one of the polyphenolic components in the leaves and stems of the plant. Next, we elucidated that resveratrol derivatives and chlorogenic acid exhibit α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and resveratroloside exhibits the same inhibitory activity as quercetin does. Furthermore, DPPH radical scavenging activities of antioxidants including resveratrol derivatives and chlorogenic acid derivatives were examined by initial rate analyses of their reactions. Subsequently, it was revealed that resveratrol derivatives have slow-acting effects on the radical scavenging activity and that chlorogenic acid derivatives exhibit very fast-acting effects.
Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus by gamma radiation and its effect on plasma and coagulation factors (1991)

The inactivation of HIV by gamma-radiation was studied in frozen and liquid plasma; a reduction of the virus titer of 5 to 6 logs was achieved at doses of 5 to 10 Mrad at -80 degrees C and 2.5 Mrad at 15 degrees C. The effect of irradiation on the biologic activity of a number of coagulation factors in plasma and in lyophilized concentrates of factor VIII (FVIII) and prothrombin complex was examined. A recovery of 85 percent of the biologic activity of therapeutic components present in frozen plasma and in lyophilized coagulation factor concentrates was reached at radiation doses as low as 1.5 and 0.5 Mrad, respectively. As derived from the first-order radiation inactivation curves, the radiosensitive target size of HIV was estimated to be 1 to 3 MDa; the target size of FVIII was estimated to be 130 to 160 kDa. Gamma radiation must be disregarded as a method for the sterilization of plasma and plasma-derived products, because of the low reduction of virus infectivity at radiation doses that still give acceptable recovery of biologic activity of plasma components.
Interleukin-1β converting enzyme/Caspase-1 (ICE/Caspase-1) and soluble APO-1/Fas/CD 95 receptor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients (2001)

Our study suggests that ICE/Caspase-1 may play a role in neurodegeneration in ALS. Due to ethical difficulties we cannot include patients suffering from progressive neurological diseases, who are a more appropriate control group for the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Therefore we are limited in drawing conclusions from the research.