gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to Synthesize a 4D RGBD Light Field from a Single Image (2017)

We present a machine learning algorithm that takes as input a 2D RGB image and synthesizes a 4D RGBD light field (color and depth of the scene in each ray direction). For training, we introduce the largest public light field dataset, consisting of over 3300 plenoptic camera light fields of scenes containing flowers and plants. Our synthesis pipeline consists of a convolutional neural network (CNN) that estimates scene geometry, a stage that renders a Lambertian light field using that geometry, and a second CNN that predicts occluded rays and non-Lambertian effects. Our algorithm builds on recent view synthesis methods, but is unique in predicting RGBD for each light field ray and improving unsupervised single image depth estimation by enforcing consistency of ray depths that should intersect the same scene point. Please see our supplementary video at https://youtu.be/yLCvWoQLnms
Pulsed laser deposition of thick films of electronic ceramics (Review Paper) (1996)

Pulsed laser deposition is a superior technique for the growth of high quality thin films (&lt;EQ 1 micrometers ) of electronic ceramics and has satisfied many applications. To meet developing applications, there is a need for thick films (&gt;= 1 micrometers ) of electronic ceramics. Two film qualities principally control the growth of thick films: the film surface morphology and film stress. The deposition parameters which affect these qualities include: film deposition rate, film-substrate lattice mismatch, film-substrate thermal coefficient of expansion mismatch, and film growth kinetics. Our results suggest that it will be difficult to fabricate thick ceramic films of suitable electronic quality by conventional physical vapor deposition techniques.
Involvement of CD28 in MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity mediated by a human natural killer leukemia cell line (1992)

NK cells and certain CTL can recognize and lyse targets without restriction by the MHC. NK cells do not express CD3/TCR complexes and the membrane receptors participating in MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity are largely unknown. We demonstrate that YT2C2, a human NK leukemia cell line, expresses the CD28 differentiation Ag and can spontaneously lyse both murine and human cell lines expressing B7, a B cell- activation Ag that is a ligand for CD28. The participation of CD28/B7 interactions in MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity mediated by YT2C2 cells was demonstrated by correlation of target sensitivity with levels of B7 expression, inhibition of cytotoxicity by anti-CD28 or anti-B7 mAb, and by making both murine and human cell lines susceptible to YT2C2-mediated lysis by genetic transfection with expression vectors containing B7 cDNA. However, CD28/B7 interactions alone were insufficient to initiate cytotoxicity. mAb inhibition experiments and selection of CD54- (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) deficient B cell targets indicated that CD11a/18 (lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1) also cooperated in CD28/B7-dependent cytotoxicity. The requirement for both CD28/B7 and lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 interactions in YT2C2-mediated MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity was confirmed by demonstrating that efficient lysis of murine L cells required cotransfection with both B7 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. These findings support the concept that MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity may not be due to a unique receptor, but may result from interactions between an appropriate array of "adhesion" molecules with their ligands.
The Raf-1 serine/threonine protein kinase. (1994)

Raf-1 belongs to a family of serine/threonine protein kinases which are highly conserved through evolution in multicellular organisms. Raf-1 kinase has gained much attention due to its function as a critical shuttle enzyme that connects stimulation of growth factor receptors and protein kinase C at the cell membrane to changes in the expression of genes involved in the control of cell growth, differentiation and survival. Regulation of Raf-1 activity is complex and involves Ras, as well as several serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. Through a series of phosphorylation events, extracellular signals are connected through the Raf-1/MAP kinase pathway to activity-regulation of several oncogene-class transcription factors via phosphorylation of specific serine residues. Under ordinary circumstances, the cascade involving Raf-1 eventually leads to changes in gene expression and protein synthesis. Upon constitutive activation of Raf-1 kinase, as a result of genetic changes, a variety of cell types acquire a transformed phenotype.
Driver Attention and Behavior Detection with Kinect (2015)

Modern vehicles are designed to protect occupants in the event of a crash. However, passenger protection can be combined with collision avoidance. Statistics have shown that human error is the number one contributor to road accidents. Advanced driver behavior and monitoring systems have been developed by manufacturers in recent years and many have been proven to be effective systems in the prevention of accidents. However, these systems do not provide the complete solution and the systems only detect driver fatigue but do not offer gesture detection. In this paper, a system that detects driver fatigue and distraction has been developed using non- invasive machine vision concepts to monitor observable driver behavior. Moreover, cellular telephone detection was also considered. This paper also explores how driver error can be reduced through inexpensive technology (a Windows developer Toolkit Kinect) which observes driver behavior and reacts when certain unwanted patterns in behavior have been recognized. The experiments have been done to validate the efficiency of this new system. 
Millions of Little Minions: Using Packets for Low Latency Network Programming and Visibility (2014)

This paper presents a practical approach to rapidly introduc-ing new dataplane functionality into networks: End-hosts embed tiny programs into packets to actively query and ma-nipulate a network’s internal state. We show how this “tiny packet program ” (TPP) interface gives end-hosts unprece-dented visibility into network behavior, enabling them to work with the network to achieve a desired functionality. Our design leverages what each component does best: (a) switches forward and execute tiny packet programs (at most 5 instructions) in-band at line rate, and (b) end-hosts per-form arbitrary (and easily updated) computation on network state. By implementing three different research proposals, we show that TPPs are useful. Using a hardware prototype on a NetFPGA, we show our design is feasible at a reason-able cost. 1
Multimedia search and retrieval: new concepts, system implementation, and application (2000)

We first present new concepts applicable to the design of multimedia search and retrieval schemes in general, and to MPEG-7 in particular, the multimedia description standard in progress. Raw multimedia data is assumed to exist in the form of programs that typically consist of a combination of media types such as visual, audio, and text. We partition each such media stream into smaller units based on actual physical events. These physical events within each media stream can then be effectively indexed for retrieval. The concept of logical events is introduced next; we define logical events as those that can provide different "views" of the content as may be desired by a user. Such events usually result from either the correlation of events that cross different media types, of by merging recursively chosen events from a lower level within each media type. We then address the related issue of how to develop a practical multimedia information retrieval system that exploits the aforementioned concepts of physical and logical events as well as other aspects such as storage, representation and indexing to enable efficient search, retrieval, and browsing. Finally, we implement the proposed concepts and solutions within a multimedia system that addresses a real application, effective browsing of broadcast news, and evaluate its performance.
Stochastic Modelling of (Not-so) Long-term Hydrological Data: Current Status and Future Research (2006)

Stochastic modelling of long-tem hydrological data is one of the tools used to evaluate water supply system security. This paper summarizes the findings of recent research on stochastic modelling of annual hydrological data which has a significant impact on its practical application. Firstly, in the single-site context the relatively short lengths of observed records induce significant parameter uncertainty which severely hinders model identification. Secondly, a generalised framework has been developed which can evaluate model and parameter uncertainty for multi-site models of annual hydrological data. Two simplified reservoir simulation case studies demonstrated that estimates of drought risk were significantly increased when parameter uncertainty was incorporated. This indicates current approaches underestimate drought risk. Several issues are highlighted which need to be resolved prior to the application of this general framework to more realistic case studies. These are currently the subject of further research. The aim is that in the near future a general framework for calibrating multi-site stochastic models of hydrological data will be available for water supply authorities to improve their estimation of long-term drought risks.
Affinity chromatography : methods and protocols (2000)

Introduction: An Overview of Affinity Chromatography Weak Affinity Chromatography Fluidized-Bed Receptor-Affinity Chromatography Site-Specific Immobilization of Antibodies to Protein-G Derivatized Solid Supports Affinity Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies Protein A Mimetic (PAM) Affinity Chromatography: Immunoglobulins Purification Periodate Oxidation of Antibodies for Site-Selective Immobilization in Immunoaffinity Chromatography Mini-Antibody Affinity Chromatography of Lysozyme Nitrocellulose-Based Immunoaffinity Chromatography Immunoaffinity Chromatography Affinity Partitioning of Proteins Boronate Affinity Chromatography Dye-Ligand Affinity Chromatography for Protein Separation and Purification DNA Affinity Chromatography Affinity Chromatography of Pyrogens Western Cross Blot Affinity Perfusion Chromatography Phage Display Technology: Affinity Interactions by Biopanning Phage Display Technology: Identification of Model Peptides for Affinity Chromatography
Nutritional and Botanical Modulation of the Inflammatory Cascade—Eicosanoids, Cyclooxygenases, and Lipoxygenases— As an Adjunct in Cancer Therapy (2002)

Emerging on the horizon in cancer therapy is an expansion of the scope of treatment beyond cytotoxic approaches to include molecular management of cancer physiopathology. The goal in these integrative approaches, which extends beyond eradicating the affected cells, is to control the cancer phenotype. One key new approach appears to be modulation of the inflammatory cascade, as research is expanding that links cancer initiation, promotion, progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis to inflammatory events. This article presents a literature review of the emerging relationship between neoplasia and inflammatory eicosanoids (PGE2 and related prostaglandins), with a focus on how inhibition of their synthesizing oxidases, particularly cyclooxygenase (COX), offers anticancer actions in vitro and in vivo. Although a majority of this research emphasizes the pharmaceutical applications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective COX-2 inhibitors, these agents fail to address alternate pathways available for the synthesis of proinflammatory eicosanoids. Evidence is presented that suggests the inhibition of lipoxygenase and its by-products-LTB4, 5-HETE, and 12-HETE-represents an overlooked but crucial component in complementary cancer therapies. Based on the hypothesis that natural agents capable of modulating both lipoxygenase and COX may advance the efficacy of cancer therapy, an overview and discussion is presented of dietary modifications and selected nutritional and botanical agents (notably, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, boswellia, bromelain, curcumin, and quercetin) that favorably influence eicosanoid production.
Adaptation of Escherichia coli growth rates to the presence of pBR322 (1993)

Changes in the growth rate of Escherichia coli K12 J62-1 in response to the presence of plasmid pBR322 have been investigated. Plasmid-free and plasmid-containing strains were grown in batch culture and their maximum specific growth rate (mu max) determined. The acquisition of pBR322 by the host resulted in a decreased mu max. Following repeated subculturing of the plasmid-containing strain on selective medium, restoration in mu max was observed. The copy number and structure of the plasmid were not significantly altered during the experiment. Growth rate measurements for a series of strains constructed using a combination of host cells and plasmids with and without culture histories, indicated that the site of the adaptive mutation was located on the host chromosome rather than on the plasmid.
Rapid antibody responses by low-dose, single-step, dendritic cell-targeted immunization (2000)

We have compared the kinetics of antibody responses in conventional and dendritic cell-targeted immunization by using a model antigen in mice. Targeting was achieved by linking the reporter antigen (polyclonal goat anti-hamster antibody) to N418, a hamster mAb that binds to the CD11c molecule on the surface of murine dendritic cells. Intradermal injection of submicrogram quantities of goat anti-hamster antibody complexed to mAb N418 elicited goat antibody-specific serum IgG in mice. Antigen-specific IgG titers were detectable by day 5, with titers that ranged from 1:1000 to 1:100,000 by day 7. In contrast, when the goat antigen was injected alone or in the presence of a hamster antibody control to form nontargeted complexes, goat-specific serum IgG was undetectable at day 7. Additional control experiments showed that the interaction between the model antigen and mAb N418 is required for amplification of the serum antibody response. These studies demonstrate that a single-step, facilitated-delivery of small amounts of protein antigen to dendritic cells in vivo can give very rapid and high antibody responses. The approach may be particularly useful for vaccination immediately before or just after exposure to a pathogen and may enhance the utility of subunit antigens as immunogens.
Folate-Targeted Gene Transfer in Vivo (2002)

Nonviral systemic delivery is one of the most attractive approaches for cancer gene therapy. To achieve this goal, various laboratories have developed cationic liposomes. However, when injected intravenously, cationic lipid-DNA complexes accumulate mostly into and transfect lung tissue. Here, we describe a method by which these complexes can be targeted to tumors using folic acid. Adding polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipids to the complexes dramatically reduced both lung accumulation and gene transfer to lungs and tumors after intravenous administration. The presence of folic acid at the distal end of the PEG-lipid did not modify tumor accumulation of the complexes. However, with folate-targeted complexes, gene transfer activity was restored in tumors while the activity in lungs was reduced by 50- to 100-fold compared with nontargeted lipid-DNA complexes. This approach provides a first in vivo proof of concept to achieve targeted tumor gene delivery.
Furnace smelting and extractive metallurgy of red mud: recovery of TiO2, Al2O3 and pig iron (1997)

Turkish red mud (bauxite waste) has been mixed with dolomite and coke, pelletized and sintered at 1100°C, and finally smelted at 1550°C to produce pig iron and a slag. The slag was leached with 30% H2SO4 at 90°C. The leachate was diluted, ferric iron was reduced with SO2, and extracted with 5% D2EHPA solution in kerosene. Silica and Al2O3 were recovered from the remaining aqueous solution, while the organic extract was stripped with 10% Na2CO3 solution, finally hydrolysed and calcined to produce pigment-grade TiO2. The titanium recovery efficiency on the basis of slag weight was 84·7%. The extractive separation of titanium from both valencies of iron was investigated as a function of pH and time. A stoichiometric flowsheet for the whole process has been developed. ©1997 SCI
Apomorphine for Parkinson’s Disease (2002)

A pomorphine was first used to treat behavioural vices in domesticated farm animals in the nineteenth century and is still used in veterinary medicine. It has had a chequered history in medical therapeutics, being successfully recommended as an emetic, a sedative, a treatment for narcotic and alcohol dependence and most recently for sexual dysfunction and impotence. It was first proposed as a treatment for movement disorders 150 years ago, but this indication was not pursued until the 1950s when Schwab in Boston confirmed its potential (Schwab <i>et al</i>. 1951). Following his demonstration that large doses of dopa improved Parkinson’s disease, George Cotzias looked for other dopamine analogues that might have complementary effects and carried out a series of scrupulous and fascinating experiments with apomorphine (Cotzias <i>et al</i>. 1970). These indicated that the effects of the drug, when administered by subcutaneous injection, were potent but short-lived, and that vomiting and postural
Immunomagnetic exclusion of E‐cadherin‐positive hepatoblasts in fetal mouse liver cell cultures impairs morphogenesis and gene expression of sinusoidal endothelial cells (2012)

Previous studies have shown that various cell-cell interactions between hepatoblasts and nonparenchymal cells, including sinusoidal endothelial cells and stellate cells, are indispensable for the development of fetal murine hepatic architecture. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of hepatoblasts on the sinusoidal structural formation using a culture system of fetal mouse livers. Primitive sinusoidal structures extensively developed in fetal livers, and were composed of LYVE-1- and PECAM-1-positive endothelial cells, desmin-positive stellate cells and F4/80-positive macrophages. When fetal liver cells at 12.5 days of gestation were cultured in vitro, hepatoblasts spread on glass slides and gave rise to hepatocytes on day 5. Desmin-positive stellate cells also spread on the glass slides. PECAM-1-positive endothelial cells became slender and developed into anastomosing capillary networks. When fetal liver cells were cultured without hepatoblasts, which were excluded by an immunomagnetic method using anti-E-cadherin antibodies, endothelial cells had impaired growth and capillary formation. These results demonstrated that capillary formation of endothelial cells was induced by the presence of hepatoblasts. VEGF and the conditioned medium containing humoral factors produced by hepatoblasts/hepatocytes did not induce capillary formation of endothelial cells in cultures of nonparenchymal cells, although they significantly increased the number of endothelial cells on the glass slides. The presence of hepatoblasts also significantly stimulated expression of CD32b mRNA, which is a sinusoidal endothelial marker. Hepatoblasts may work as a positive stimulator of sinusoid morphogenesis and maturation in liver development, in which a signal other than VEGF may play a decisive role, together with VEGF.
Contrasting scaling properties of interglacial and glacial climates (2016)

Understanding natural climate variability is essential for assessments of climate change. This is reflected in the scaling properties of climate records. The scaling exponents of the interglacial and the glacial climates are fundamentally different. The Holocene record is monofractal, with a scaling exponent H∼0.7. On the contrary, the glacial record is multifractal, with a significantly higher scaling exponent H∼1.2, indicating a longer persistence time and stronger nonlinearities in the glacial climate. The glacial climate is dominated by the strong multi-millennial Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events influencing the long-time correlation. However, by separately analysing the last glacial maximum lacking DO events, here we find the same scaling for that period as for the full glacial period. The unbroken scaling thus indicates that the DO events are part of the natural variability and not externally triggered. At glacial time scales, there is a scale break to a trivial scaling, contrasting the DO events from the similarly saw-tooth-shaped glacial cycles.
A 117-mm/sup 2/ 3.3-V only 128-Mb multilevel NAND flash memory for mass storage applications (1996)

For a quantum step in further cost reduction, the multilevel cell concept has been combined with the NAND flash memory. Key requirements of mass storage, low cost, and high serial access throughput have been achieved by sacrificing fast random access performance. This paper describes a 128-Mb multilevel NAND flash memory storing 2 b per cell. Multilevel storage is achieved through tight cell threshold voltage distribution of 0.4 V and is made practical by significantly reducing program disturbance by using a local self-boosting scheme. An intelligent page buffer enables cell-by-cell and state-by-state program and inhibit operations. A read throughput of 14.0 MB/s and a program throughput of 0.5 MB/s are achieved. The device has been fabricated with 0.4-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, resulting in a 117 mm/sup 2/ die size and a 1.1 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ effective cell size.
Identification of multiple sites suitable for insertion of foreign genes in herpes simplex virus genomes (2008)

Information on sites in HSV genomes at which foreign gene(s) can be inserted without disrupting viral genes or affecting properties of the parental virus are important for basic research on HSV and development of HSV-based vectors for human therapy. The intergenic region between HSV-1 UL3 and UL4 genes has been reported to satisfy the requirements for such an insertion site. The UL3 and UL4 genes are oriented toward the intergenic region and, therefore, insertion of a foreign gene(s) into the region between the UL3 and UL4 polyadenylation signals should not disrupt any viral genes or transcriptional units. HSV-1 and HSV-2 each have more than 10 additional regions structurally similar to the intergenic region between UL3 and UL4. In the studies reported here, it has been demonstrated that insertion of a reporter gene expression cassette into several of the HSV-1 and HSV-2 intergenic regions has no effect on viral growth in cell culture or virulence in mice, suggesting that these multiple intergenic regions may be suitable HSV sites for insertion of foreign genes.