gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human monoclonal antibody developed against ovarian cancer cell surface antigen (1994)

Human-human hybridomas produced human monoclonal antibody against OCCSA: The human monoclonal antibody, TC5, was specific for ovarian and breast cancer. TC5 did not react with any normal tissue tested. Future work will focus on the in vivo characterization of the human monoclonal antibody, after labeling with radionuclides.
Molecular cloning and functional expression of two monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 receptors reveals alternative splicing of the carboxyl-terminal tails. (1994)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) is a member of the chemokine family of cytokines that mediate leukocyte chemotaxis. The potent and specific activation of monocytes by MCP-1 may mediate the monocytic infiltration of tissues in atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. We have isolated cDNAs that encode two MCP-1-specific receptors with alternatively spliced carboxyl tails. Expression of the receptors in Xenopus oocytes conferred robust mobilization of intracellular calcium in response to nanomolar concentrations of MCP-1 but not to related chemokines. The MCP-1 receptors are most closely related to the receptor for the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted). The identification of the MCP-1 receptor and cloning of two distinct isoforms provide powerful tools for understanding the specificity and signaling mechanisms of this important chemokine.
Microfluidics: On the Slope of Enlightenment (2009)

Now that the hype has blown over, will microfluidics live up to its promise of providing marketable applications?
Structures for organic diode lasers and optical properties of organic semiconductors under intense optical and electrical excitations (2000)

The challenges to realizing diode lasers based on thin films of organic semiconductors are primarily related to low charge carrier mobility in these materials. This not only limits the thickness of organic films to /spl les/100 nm in electrically pumped devices, but it also leads to changes in the optical properties of organic films induced by the large number of carriers trapped in the materials subjected to an intense electrical excitation. We describe organic waveguide laser structures composed of thin organic films and transparent indium-tin-oxide electrodes. These waveguides allow for efficient injection of an electrical current into the organic layers and provide for low optical losses required in a laser. The changes in the optical properties of organic thin films induced by electrical excitation are studied using electroluminescence and pump and probe spectroscopy. Induced transparency and absorption observed in the organic materials may be related to triplet excitons or trapped charge carriers. Pump-induced absorption is also observed in organic films under quasi-CW optical excitation. These effects must be taken into account both in the design of organic diode laser structures and in the selection of charge transporting materials.
UniFrac – An online tool for comparing microbial community diversity in a phylogenetic context (2006)

UniFrac provides easy access to powerful multivariate techniques for comparing microbial communities in a phylogenetic context. We thus expect that it will provide a completely new picture of many microbial interactions and processes in both environmental and medical contexts.
A modular cell-based biosensor using engineered genetic logic circuits to detect and integrate multiple environmental signals (2012)

Cells perceive a wide variety of cellular and environmental signals, which are often processed combinatorially to generate particular phenotypic responses. Here, we employ both single and mixed cell type populations, pre-programmed with engineered modular cell signalling and sensing circuits, as processing units to detect and integrate multiple environmental signals. Based on an engineered modular genetic AND logic gate, we report the construction of a set of scalable synthetic microbe-based biosensors comprising exchangeable sensory, signal processing and actuation modules. These cellular biosensors were engineered using distinct signalling sensory modules to precisely identify various chemical signals, and combinations thereof, with a quantitative fluorescent output. The genetic logic gate used can function as a biological filter and an amplifier to enhance the sensing selectivity and sensitivity of cell-based biosensors. In particular, an Escherichia coli consortium-based biosensor has been constructed that can detect and integrate three environmental signals (arsenic, mercury and copper ion levels) via either its native two-component signal transduction pathways or synthetic signalling sensors derived from other bacteria in combination with a cell-cell communication module. We demonstrate how a modular cell-based biosensor can be engineered predictably using exchangeable synthetic gene circuit modules to sense and integrate multiple-input signals. This study illustrates some of the key practical design principles required for the future application of these biosensors in broad environmental and healthcare areas.
Interleukin-2-secreting mouse fibroblasts transfected with genomic DNA from murine melanoma cells prolong the survival of mice with melanoma. (1994)

A retrovirus was used to introduce a provirus (pZipNeoSVIL-2) containing the gene for interleukin-2 (IL-2) along with a neor gene (confers resistance to G418) into LM cells, a mouse cell line expressing defined major histocompatibility complex class I antigens (H-2k). After initial selection in growth medium containing G418, IL-2 secretion was confirmed, and the cells were then cotransfected with genomic DNA from B16F1 or B16F10 melanoma cells, along with DNA from a plasmid (pHyg) that confers resistance to hygromycin. After a second round of selection in growth medium containing sufficient quantities of hygromycin to kill 100% of nontransfected cells but without further modification, the unfractionated populations of transfected cells were tested for their immunotherapeutic properties in C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) with established B16 melanomas (H-2b). Animals with melanomas treated with either of the transfected cell populations survived significantly (P < 0.01) longer than untreated mice or mice treated with irradiated (5000 rads) B16F1 melanoma cells. The animals also survived longer (P < 0.05) than mice with melanoma treated with IL-2-secreting LM cells transfected with genomic DNA from MOPC-315 cells, a nonimmunologically cross-reactive murine tumor. As determined by the capacity of monoclonal antibodies to T-cell subsets to inhibit the antimelanoma response in a 51Cr release assay, the antimelanoma immunity in mice immunized with cells transfected with genomic DNA from either B16F1 or B16F10 cells was mediated primarily by Lyt-2.2+ T-cells. These data raise the possibility that a generic, live cell tumor vaccine can be developed that can be modified to provide specificity for the neoplasms of individual patients.
The N Terminus of the Transmembrane Protein BP180 Interacts with the N-terminal Domain of BP230, Thereby Mediating Keratin Cytoskeleton Anchorage to the Cell Surface at the Site of the Hemidesmosome (2000)

In epidermal cells, the keratin cytoskeleton interacts with the elements in the basement membrane via a multimolecular junction called the hemidesmosome. A major component of the hemidesmosome plaque is the 230-kDa bullous pemphigoid autoantigen (BP230/BPAG1), which connects directly to the keratin-containing intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton via its C terminus. A second bullous pemphigoid antigen of 180 kDa (BP180/BPAG2) is a type II transmembrane component of the hemidesmosome. Using yeast two-hybrid technology and recombinant proteins, we show that an N-terminal fragment of BP230 can bind directly to an N-terminal fragment of BP180. We have also explored the consequences of expression of the BP230 N terminus in 804G cells that assemble hemidesmosomes in vitro. Unexpectedly, this fragment disrupts the distribution of BP180 in transfected cells but has no apparent impact on the organization of endogenous BP230 and alpha6beta4 integrin. We propose that the BP230 N terminus competes with endogenous BP230 protein for BP180 binding and inhibits incorporation of BP180 into the cell surface at the site of the hemidesmosome. These data provide new insight into those interactions of the molecules of the hemidesmosome that are necessary for its function in integrating epithelial and connective tissue types.
<title>Quantoscope-based high-power full-color laser projection display system</title> (1995)

The first industrial, mass-production prototypes of several designs of Quantoscopes (Electron Beam Pumped Semiconductor Laser based Cathode Ray Tubes) and a pioneer prototype of a full-color, high-brightness and high-resolution television projector, based on Quantoscope technology, was developed and demonstrated in operation by the Scientific Research Institute `Platan'. As the Quantoscope's brightness increases, its resolution also increases within a certain range. The Quantoscope's emission combines the advantages of high color intensity characteristics of laser sources with minimized optical radiation hazards due to its low coherence.
Relating Nanofiltration Membrane Performance to Membrane Charge (Electrokinetic) Characteristics (2000)

The performance (i.e., water flux and solute rejection) of a thin-film composite aromatic polyamide nanofiltration membrane and its relation to membrane surface charge (electrokinetic) characteristics were investigated. Membrane performance and streaming potential measurements were carried out as a function of pH for several solution chemistries, including an indifferent electrolyte, humic acid, and anionic and cationic surfactants. Performance results for the membrane were interpreted by relating the water flux and salt/ion rejection to the membrane charge characteristics. In the case of the indifferent electrolyte (NaCl), water flux and salt passage were maximal at the membrane pore isoelectric point (pH 5) primarily due to decreased electrostatic repulsion and increased pore volume (size) in the cross-linked polymer network. Ion rejection is directly related to the membrane pore charge and is attributed to co-ion electrostatic repulsion (exclusion). At low pH, negative rejection of protons was observed, demonstrating the classical behavior of a more mobile co-ion in a mixture of electrolytes (NaCl and HCl). Suwannee River humic acid was found to have very little effect on the short-term performance of the membrane, despite its significant influence on membrane ζ-potential. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, on the other hand, had significant effects on the water flux and salt rejection. Association of the surfactant molecules (i.e., hemimicelle formation) at the membrane−solution interface was analyzed in terms of membrane charge characteristics. It is proposed that the adsorbed surfactant molecules in the form of hemimicelles or a bilayer provide an additional filtration layer that results in reduced water flux and increased salt rejection.
Phenolphthalein Used to Assess Permeability of Antibiotic-Laden Polymethylmethacrylate (2005)

Elution of antibiotics from polymethylmethacrylate laden with antibiotics is dependent on the permeability of the polymethylmethacrylate. Increasing polymethylmethacrylate permeability by adding fillers has been suggested to increase antibiotic elution but the resulting increase in permeability has not been assessed directly. A simple method to assess polymethylmethacrylate permeability is proposed. Phenolphthalein was added to the polymethylmethacrylate to indicate the level of penetration of fluid with pH of 10.3. Glycine in three different amounts (0.45 g, 7 g, and 28 g) or a combination of antibiotics (13.6 g) was added as a filler to increase the permeability. Beads of each mixture were made and soaked in fluid with a pH of 10.3. An immediate intense magenta coloration occurred on contact of the beads with the fluid. A zone of magenta was seen to penetrate into the depths of polymethylmethacrylate beads. That penetration increased with the amount of the filler and with time in the fluid bath. The type of filler material also affected the rate of fluid penetration. Permeability of various antibiotic polymethylmethacrylate mixtures can be determined qualitatively using this method. The observations may be useful to determine which mixtures warrant more expensive antibiotic elution studies.
Synthesis of Magic-Sized CdSe and CdTe Nanocrystals with Diisooctylphosphinic Acid (2010)

We report the observation of quantized growth in magic-sized CdSe and CdTe nanocrystals that utilize diisooctylphosphinic acid as the surface passivating ligand. The interaction between the diisooctylphosphinic acid and the coordinating solvent, hexadecylamine, results in the growth of only certain allowed sizes of nanocrystals. Magic-sized CdSe nanocrystals were synthesized with band edge absorption peaks at 414, 446, and 490 nm. Magic-sized CdTe nanocrystals were synthesized with band edge absorption peaks at 445 and 483 nm. The synthesis detailed here allows for the isolation of larger magic-sized nanocrystals than has been previously reported. The emission of diisooctylphosphinic acid-capped magic-sized nanocrystals is low, with a quantum yield of less than 1%. Photoluminescence excitation scans revealed a significantly reduced emission from absorption at the band edge. The diameter for the smallest CdSe magic-size was 1.7 nm, and the diameter for the smallest CdTe magic-size was 1.8 nm, as determined by transmission electron microscopy.
Review of Virtual Environment Interface Technology. (1996)

Abstract : This report reviews current interface technology for use in virtual environments. Visual, tracking, auditory, primary user input (including, for example, glove, body suit, exoskeleton, track ball, and 3-D mouse inputs), tactile, kinesthetic, full-body motion, and olfactory interface technologies are covered. In each case, the relevant human capabilities are discussed, followed by descriptions of some available commercial products and ongoing research and development efforts. This information is used as the basis for predicting how virtual environment interfaces are likely to change in the next five years.
Intramolecular and Intermolecular Interactions of Protein Kinase B Define Its Activation In Vivo (2007)

Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is a pivotal regulator of diverse metabolic, phenotypic, and antiapoptotic cellular controls and has been shown to be a key player in cancer progression. Here, using fluorescent reporters, we shown in cells that, contrary to in vitro analyses, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) is complexed to its substrate, PKB. The use of Förster resonance energy transfer detected by both frequency domain and two-photon time domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy has lead to novel in vivo findings. The preactivation complex of PKB and PDK1 is maintained in an inactive state through a PKB intramolecular interaction between its pleckstrin homology (PH) and kinase domains, in a "PH-in" conformer. This domain-domain interaction prevents the PKB activation loop from being phosphorylated by PDK1. The interactive regions for this intramolecular PKB interaction were predicted through molecular modeling and tested through mutagenesis, supporting the derived model. Physiologically, agonist-induced phosphorylation of PKB by PDK1 occurs coincident to plasma membrane recruitment, and we further shown here that this process is associated with a conformational change in PKB at the membrane, producing a "PH-out" conformer and enabling PDK1 access the activation loop. The active, phosphorylated, "PH-out" conformer can dissociate from the membrane and retain this conformation to phosphorylate substrates distal to the membrane. These in vivo studies provide a new model for the mechanism of activation of PKB. This study takes a crucial widely studied regulator (physiology and pathology) and addresses the fundamental question of the dynamic in vivo behaviour of PKB with a detailed molecular mechanism. This has important implications not only in extending our understanding of this oncogenic protein kinase but also in opening up distinct opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
In vitro mutagenesis and the search for structure-function relationships among G protein-coupled receptors (1992)

Research Article| April 01 1992 In vitro mutagenesis and the search for structure-function relationships among G protein-coupled receptors T M Savarese; T M Savarese 1Section on Molecular Neurobiology, Laboratory of Physiologic and Pharmacologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration, 12501 Washington Avenue, Rockville, MD 20852, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C M Fraser C M Fraser 1Section on Molecular Neurobiology, Laboratory of Physiologic and Pharmacologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration, 12501 Washington Avenue, Rockville, MD 20852, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8728 Print ISSN: 0264-6021 © 1992 The Biochemical Society, London1992 Biochem J (1992) 283 (1): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2830001 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation T M Savarese, C M Fraser; In vitro mutagenesis and the search for structure-function relationships among G protein-coupled receptors. Biochem J 1 April 1992; 283 (1): 1–19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2830001 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1992 The Biochemical Society, London1992 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE HIGH-RISK-DRIVER THEORY: ADVERSE SELECTION INDUCED BY PER-CAR PREMIUMS (2004)

This is the puzzle: automobile insurers experience the most liability, collision, and uninsured motorist (UM) claims per 100 insured cars—and therefore charge the highest premiums—for cars from the low-income zip codes of both rural and urban areas. But this fact seems to contradict general insurance theory which says that people with minimum insurance should be
Molecular Characterization of Sudanese and Southern Sudanese Chicken Breeds Using mtDNA D‐Loop (2014)

The objective of this study was to assess the genetic relationships and diversity and to estimate the amount of gene flow among the five chicken populations from Sudan and South Sudan and commercial strain of egg line White Leghorn chickens. The chicken populations were genotyped using mtDNA D-loop as a molecular marker. PCR product of the mtDNA D-loop segment was 600 bp and 14 haplotypes were identified. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree indicated that the indigenous Sudanese chickens can be grouped into two clades, IV and IIIa only. Median joining networks analysis showed that haplotype LBB49 has the highest frequency. The hierarchal analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation within the population was 88.6% and the differentiation among the population was 11.4%. When the populations was redefined into two geographical zones, rich and poor Savanna, the results were fractioned into three genetic variations: between individuals within population 95.5%, between populations within the group 0.75%, and genetic variation between groups 3.75%. The pair wise F st showed high genetic difference between Betwil populations and the rest with F st ranging from 0.1492 to 0.2447. We found that there is large number of gene exchanges within the Sudanese indigenous chicken (Nm = 4.622).
Long-term cultivation of adult rat hepatocytes that undergo multiple cell divisions and express normal parenchymal phenotypes. (1996)

The present study succeeded in cultivating normal adult rat hepatocytes for at least 85 days without losing their replicative potential and differentiation capacity. Small pieces of hepatocyte aggregates (clusters) were prepared from the primary culture of hepatocytes and used as starting material for the growth experiment. Some of the hepatocytes started to proliferate at 3 days when the clusters were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, 10 mmol/L nicotinamide, 0.2 mmol/L L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, and 1% dimethylsulfoxide. Clusters continued to grow and formed colonies. All the cells covering colonies expressed normal hepatocyte-specific proteins. The number of albumin-expressing cells in the most replicative colonies increased sixfold during 32 days. Most of the cells were mononucleate and small in size and some of them expressed immature hepatocyte markers such as alpha-fetoprotein. Electron microscopy of cells in colonies revealed the presence of peroxisomes in the cytoplasm and desmosomes, tight junctions, and bile canaliculus-like structures between the cells. Depletion of one of the additives inhibited the growth of hepatocytes. The culture medium used also supported the growth of stellate cells (Ito cells) that had contaminated the original preparation in small numbers and seems to cooperatively stimulate a proliferative population of hepatocytes.
Number and distribution of methyiphosphonate linkages in oligodeoxynucleotides affect exo- and endonuclease sensitivity and ability to form RNase H substrates (1989)

Oligodeoxynucleotides with different arrangements of methylphosphonate linkages were examined for nuclease sensitivity in vitro, stability in tissue culture, and ability to form RNase H-sensitive substrates with complementary RNA. After nuclease treatment, resistance was demonstrated by the ability to alter the electrophoretic mobility of a labeled complementary phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotide. Both 5'- and 3'-exonuclease activities were retarded by methylphosphonate linkages. Methylphosphonate-containing oligodeoxynucleotides with 1-5 adjacent phosphodiester linkages were tested as substrates for the endonucleases DNase I and DNase II. The results indicated that a span of three or fewer contiguous internal phosphodiester linkages led to the greatest resistance to endonuclease. However, in serum-supplemented culture medium half-lives of these oligodeoxynucleotides were independent of the number of contiguous phosphodiester linkages. Methylphosphonate-containing oligodeoxynucleotides were hybridized to RNA runoff transcripts and tested as substrates for RNase H. The results indicated that a span of three internal phosphodiester linkages in the oligodeoxynucleotide was necessary and sufficient to direct cleavage of the RNA in the duplex.
Overview and application of suspension array technology. (2001)

A cell-based solid-phase immunoassay usually is called immunophenotyping when performed on a flow cytometer. Using the same principles, there is a new flow cytometric application available with the suspension array technology. The significant difference is that the immunologic reaction does not occur on the surface of leukocytes, but rather on the surface of plastic fluorospheres. This is a multiplexed solid-phase flow cytometry-based technology with some clinically relevant potential.