gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peephole Log Optimization (1995)

The log files generated while operating a file system in disconnected mode grow to substantial sizes. Eliminating redundant or useless operations in these logs can free up scarce disk space on laptops, reduce replay times, and reduce the frequency of data conflict. Our approach uses a rule-based portable peephole optimizer for compilers. This work suggests a general method of optimization for any system that performs logging at the vnode layer. January 26, 1995 Center for Information Technology Integration University of Michigan 519 West William Street Ann Arbor, MI 48103-4943 Peephole Log Optimization L.B. Huston lhuston@citi.umich.edu P. Honeyman honey@citi.umich.edu Center for Information Technology Integration University of Michigan Ann Arbor 1. Introduction One goal of mobile computing is to provide users with a system that faithfully emulates the desktop environment. The mobile environment makes this goal a difficult one to reach because of limitations such as sporadic, l...
Data Mining as a Service (DMaaS) (2016)

Data Mining as a Service (DMaaS) is a software and computing infrastructure that allows interactive mining of scientific data in the cloud. It allows users to run advanced data analyses by leveraging the widely adopted Jupyter notebook interface. Furthermore, the system makes it easier to share results and scientific code, access scientific software, produce tutorials and demonstrations as well as preserve the analyses of scientists. This paper describes how a first pilot of the DMaaS service is being deployed at CERN, starting from the notebook interface that has been fully integrated with the ROOT analysis framework, in order to provide all the tools for scientists to run their analyses. Additionally, we characterise the service backend, which combines a set of IT services such as user authentication, virtual computing infrastructure, mass storage, file synchronisation, development portals or batch systems. The added value acquired by the combination of the aforementioned categories of services is discussed, focusing on the opportunities offered by the CERNBox synchronisation service and its massive storage backend, EOS.
A switched-capacitor interface for capacitive pressure sensors (1992)

A switched-capacitor interface for a capacitive pressure sensor is developed which provides a linear digital output. It consists basically of a sample/hold circuit followed by a charge-balancing analog-to-digital converter. The sensor capacitance changes hyperbolically with an applied pressure. To convert the nonlinear capacitance change into the linear digital output, two linearization methods are investigated. In either method, a linear digital output with an accuracy higher than 8-b is obtained. Because of its high-accuracy capability and compatible fabrication process, the interface described is best suited for a smart silicon capacitive pressure sensor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Codes and Decoding on General Graphs (1996)

Iterative decoding techniques have become a viable alternative for constructing high performance coding systems. In particular, the recent success of turbo codes indicates that performance close to the Shannon limit may be achieved. In this thesis, it is showed that many iterative decoding algorithms are special cases of two generic algorithms, the min-sum and sum-product algorithms, which also include non-iterative algorithms such as Viterbi decoding. The min-sum and sum-product algorithms are developed and presented as generalized trellis algorithms, where the time axis of the trellis is replaced by an arbitrary graph, the &amp;quot;Tanner graph&amp;quot;. With cycle-free Tanner graphs, the resulting decoding algorithms (e.g., Viterbi decoding) are maximum-likelihood but suffer from an exponentially increasing complexity. Iterative decoding occurs when the Tanner graph has cycles (e.g., turbo codes); the resulting algorithms are in general suboptimal, but significant complexity reductions are possible compared to the cycle-free case. Several performance estimates for iterative decoding are developed, including a generalization of the union bound used with Viterbi decoding and a characterization of errors that are uncorrectable after infinitely many decoding iterations.
Effect of Immunization on Pulmonary Clearance of Moraxella catarrhalis in an Animal Model (1993)

A murine model for pulmonary clearance of Moraxella catarrhalis was used to determine whether immunization could enhance clearance of this organism from the lungs. Animals actively immunized with outer membrane vesicles of M. catarrhalis cleared an endobronchial challenge with the homologous strain more quickly than did sham-immunized control animals. Western blot analysis of both this immune mouse serum and rabbit antiserum raised against outer membrane vesicles of M. catarrhalis indicated that antibodies were present to both outer membrane protein and lipooligosaccharide antigens. Passive immunization of mice with the immune rabbit serum resulted in enhanced pulmonary clearance of both homologous and heterologous strains of M. catarrhalis, indicating the involvement of serum antibody in this clearance process and the existence of conserved surface antigens in the two different M. catarrhalis strains. These results suggest that this model system may be useful for the identification of vaccine candidates among the surface antigens of M. catarrhalis.
Regulating infrastructure : funding regulatory agencies (1995)

This note draws on recent international experience to illustrate some of the main issues and options associated with funding independent infrastructure regulators. Section 1 provides a background to the discussion by examining the role of independent regulators and their funding arrangements in the broader context of infrastructure regulation. Section 2 examines specific implementation issues and options in more detail. Section 3 presents a brief conclusion. The annex provides material on funding approaches in selected countries.
Microbial fuel cell energy from an ocean cold seep (2006)

ABSTRACT Benthic microbial fuel cells are devices that generate modest levels of electrical power in seafloor environments by a mechanism analogous to the coupled biogeochemical reactions that transfer electrons from organic carbon through redox intermediates to oxygen. Two benthic microbial fuel cells were deployed at a deep‐ocean cold seep within Monterey Canyon, California, and were monitored for 125 days. Their anodes consisted of single graphite rods that were placed within microbial mat patches of the seep, while the cathodes consisted of carbon‐fibre/titanium wire brushes attached to graphite plates suspended ∼0.5 m above the sediment. Power records demonstrated a maximal sustained power density of 34 mW·m −2 of anode surface area, equating to 1100 mW m −2 of seafloor. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of microbial biofilms that formed on the electrode surfaces revealed changes in microbial community composition along the anode as a function of sediment depth and surrounding geochemistry. Near the sediment surface (20–29 cm depth), the anodic biofilm was dominated by micro‐organisms closely related to Desulfuromonas acetoxidans . At horizons 46–55 and 70–76 cm below the sediment–water interface, clone libraries showed more diverse populations, with increasing representation of δ‐proteobacteria such as Desulfocapsa and Syntrophus , as well as ɛ‐proteobacteria. Genes from phylotypes related to Pseudomonas dominated the cathode clone library. These results confound ascribing a single electron transport role performed by only a few members of the microbial community to explain energy harvesting from marine sediments. In addition, the microbial fuel cells exhibited slowly decreasing current attributable to a combination of anode passivation and sulfide mass transport limitation. Electron micrographs of fuel cell anodes and laboratory experiments confirmed that sulfide oxidation products can build up on anode surfaces and impede electron transfer. Thus, while cold seeps have the potential to provide more power than neighbouring ocean sediments, the limits of mass transport as well as the proclivity for passivation must be considered when developing new benthic microbial fuel cell designs to meet specific power requirements.
Production of d -Aminoacylase from Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans MI-4 (1988)

A bacterial strain that produces d-aminoacylase was isolated from soil and identified as Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans MI-4. l-Aminoacylase activity in this strain was only 1 to 2% of d-aminoacylase activity. d-Aminoacylase was inducibly produced. N-Acetyl-dl-leucine was the best inducer, and the d-isomer had the ability to induce the enzyme. Enzymatic resolution of N-acetyl-dl-methionine with the crude enzyme was carried out, and the d/l ratio in the resolved methionine was approximately 100/7, suggesting that resolution with crude enzymes may become possible by removing small amounts of the contaminated l-form with l-amino acid oxidase.
Fibroblast growth factors and their receptors (1997)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) represent a group of polypeptide mitogens eliciting a wide variety of responses depending upon the target cell type. The knowledge of the cell surface receptors mediating the effects of FGFs has recently expanded remarkably. The complexity of the FGF family and the FGF-induced responses is reflected in the diversity and redundancy of the FGF receptors. In this review, a number of biochemical characteristics and biological properties of the FGF family and its receptors are described and their expression both in normal tissues and in tumours is discussed. Finally we speculate on the targetting of growth inhibition agents to tumours through FGF receptors.
Reduced sialidase expression in highly metastatic variants of mouse colon adenocarcinoma 26 and retardation of their metastatic ability by sialidase overexpression (2001)

Sialidase expression levels are inversely correlated with the metastatic potential of mouse colon adenocarcinoma 26 sublines, as assessed by activity assays and RT-PCR, irrespective of total and cell surface sialic acid contents. Compared with low metastatic NL4 and NL44 cell lines, the highly metastatic NL17 and NL22 cells exhibit low expression of sialidases, accompanied with higher levels of sialylLe(x) and GM3. To investigate whether these properties of NL17 cells can be altered by sialidase overexpression, we transfected a cytosolic sialidase gene into NL17 cells. The result was markedly inhibited lung metastasis, invasion and cell motility with a concomitant decrease in sialylLe(x) and GM3 levels, in line with the case of spontaneously low metastatic sublines having relatively high endogenous sialidase levels, implying that sialidase level is a determining factor affecting metastatic ability. Treatment of the cells with antibodies against sialylLe(x) and GM3 affected cell adhesion and/or cell motility, providing evidence that desialylation of these molecules, as targets of sialidase, is involved in the suppression of metastasis.
Year Book on International Communist Affairs 1982. (1982)

Year Book on International Communist Affairs 1982 Get access Year Book on International Communist Affairs 1982. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press. 1982. 576 p. $39.95. D. H. J. D. H. J. 1Chatham House Library Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 59, Issue 1, Winter 1982, Page 139, https://doi.org/10.2307/2620225 Published: 01 January 1982
THE CLINICAL FEATURES OF SUBMASSIVE AND MASSIVE PULMONARY EMBOLI (1977)

&lt;p&gt;We develop tools to construct Lyapunov functionals on the space of probability measures in order to investigate the convergence to global equilibrium of a damped Euler system under the influence of external and interaction potential forces with respect to the 2-Wasserstein distance. We also discuss the overdamped limit to a nonlocal equation used in the modelling of granular media with respect to the 2-Wasserstein distance, and provide rigorous proofs for particular examples in one spatial dimension.&lt;/p&gt;
Gene Discovery of Modular Diterpene Metabolism in Nonmodel Systems (2013)

Plants produce over 10,000 different diterpenes of specialized (secondary) metabolism, and fewer diterpenes of general (primary) metabolism. Specialized diterpenes may have functions in ecological interactions of plants with other organisms and also benefit humanity as pharmaceuticals, fragrances, resins, and other industrial bioproducts. Examples of high-value diterpenes are taxol and forskolin pharmaceuticals or ambroxide fragrances. Yields and purity of diterpenes obtained from natural sources or by chemical synthesis are often insufficient for large-volume or high-end applications. Improvement of agricultural or biotechnological diterpene production requires knowledge of biosynthetic genes and enzymes. However, specialized diterpene pathways are extremely diverse across the plant kingdom, and most specialized diterpenes are taxonomically restricted to a few plant species, genera, or families. Consequently, there is no single reference system to guide gene discovery and rapid annotation of specialized diterpene pathways. Functional diversification of genes and plasticity of enzyme functions of these pathways further complicate correct annotation. To address this challenge, we used a set of 10 different plant species to develop a general strategy for diterpene gene discovery in nonmodel systems. The approach combines metabolite-guided transcriptome resources, custom diterpene synthase (diTPS) and cytochrome P450 reference gene databases, phylogenies, and, as shown for select diTPSs, single and coupled enzyme assays using microbial and plant expression systems. In the 10 species, we identified 46 new diTPS candidates and over 400 putatively terpenoid-related P450s in a resource of nearly 1 million predicted transcripts of diterpene-accumulating tissues. Phylogenetic patterns of lineage-specific blooms of genes guided functional characterization.
Gene Therapy: Optimising DNA Delivery to the Nucleus (2001)

Gene therapy, the expression in cells of genetic material that has therapeutic activity, holds great promise for the treatment of a number of human diseases. A gene delivery vehicle, or vector, that may be of viral or non-viral origin, is generally used to carry the genetic material. Viral vectors have been developed that exclude immunogenic genes while taking advantage of the genes responsible for proficient integration of the viral genome into that of the host. In this way, viral vectors improve the probability of long-term expression of the therapeutic gene, whereas non-viral vectors, that are not as efficient at introducing and maintaining foreign gene expression, have the advantage of being non-pathogenic and non-immunogenic. Although thousands of patients have been involved in clinical trials for gene therapy, using hundreds of different protocols, true success has been limited. A major limitation of gene therapy approaches, especially when non-viral vectors are used, is the poor efficiency of DNA delivery to the nucleus; a crucial step to ensure ultimate expression of the therapeutic gene product. Here we review existing gene delivery approaches and, in particular, explore the possibility of enhancing non-viral gene delivery to the nucleus by incorporating specific nuclear targeting sequences in vectors, using a range of different strategies.
Synthetic voices for computers (1970)

The two methods described for giving voices to computers recognize the importance of economical storage of speech information and extensive vocabularies, and consequently are based on principles of speech synthesis. The first, formant synthesis, generates connected speech from low-bit-rate representations of spoken words. The second, text synthesis, produces connected speech solely from printed English text. For both methods the machine must contain stored knowledge of fundamental rules of language and acoustic constraints of human speech. Formant synthesis from an input information rate of about 1000 bits per second is demonstrated, as is text synthesis from a rate of about 75 bits per second. To give the reader an opportunity to evaluate some of the results described, a sample recording is available; see Appendix A for details.
Analgesia through endogenous cannabinoids (2005)

It is well known that endogenous opioids act to suppress pain. New research reveals that endogenous cannabinoids likewise exist and function as stress-induced analgesics.[1][1] The medicinal use of marijuana goes back into history as far as several thousand years, by some accounts. But it was in
An anti-apoptosis gene, survivin and telomerase expression in gastric cancer. (2003)

Survivin was not likely to be related with an inhibition of apoptosis or induction of telomerase but may have some role in gastric cancer extension.
Guidelines for Using Body Composition Measurement in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2002)

Wasting remains a significant condition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection despite antiretroviral treatment. Early identification requires the measurement of various body composition parameters, particularly body cell mass (BCM). Anthropometry may provide some useful information. Cost and complexity issues make many body composition techniques unsuitable for the clinical setting. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) may be the best method available to caregivers for monitoring serial changes in BCM over time and for determining the occurrence of wasting. It is not useful, however, for detecting body composition changes in patients with fat redistribution syndromes. Portability, low cost, ease of use, and patient acceptance make anthropometry and BIA ideally suited for the clinical setting.
Microbial oil transformation processes accompanied by methane and hydrogen‐sulfide formation (1985)

Abstract The pattern of distribution and the proportions of microorganisms belonging to several physiological groups present in the formation waters of water‐flooded petroleum‐bearing rocks of the Apsheron Peninsula were investigated. It was shown that hydrocarbon‐oxidizing bacteria occur predominantly in the near‐bottom zones of injection wells, accessible to dissolved oxygen. Anaerobic microorganisms (sulfate‐reducing, fermenting, and methanogenic bacteria) were present in all zones affected by water flooding. The variety of bacterial species present in oil‐bearing rocks was investigated. Using a radioisotope method, the existence of a contemporaneous process of methane generation in the formation waters of water‐flooded oil‐bearing rocks was revealed. Laboratory experiments showed that hydrogen, methane, and hydrogen sulfide generation from petroleum was possible in an aerobic‐anaerobic microbial succession. A sequence of processes of petroleum hydrocarbon modification, resulting in the accumulation of methane and hydrogen sulfide, was revealed. Aerobic oxidation of petroleum by hydrocarbon‐oxidizing bacteria resulted in the production of acetate and higher fatty acids. The products of the aerobic oxidation of petroleum were fermented with hydrogen and carbon dioxide release. Acetate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide were direct substrates for meth‐anogenesis and sulfate reduction. In the latter process, higher fatty acids were also directly utilized. The possibility of syntrophic utilization of intermediate fatty acids and alcohols yielding methane and hydrogen sulfide is discussed.
A Concept for Recyclable Cross‐Linked Polymers: Topologically Networked Polyrotaxane Capable of Undergoing Reversible Assembly and Disassembly (2004)

It's physical: A novel concept for recyclable cross-linked polymers is presented by utilizing mechanical linkages in a polyrotaxane network capable of undergoing reversible assembly and disassembly (see schematic representation). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53046_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
From proteomics to discovery of first-in-class ST2 inhibitors active in vivo (2018)

Soluble cytokine receptors function as decoy receptors to attenuate cytokine-mediated signaling and modulate downstream cellular responses. Dysregulated overproduction of soluble receptors can be pathological, such as soluble ST2 (sST2), a prognostic biomarker in cardiovascular diseases, ulcerative colitis, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Although intervention using an ST2 antibody improves survival in murine GVHD models, sST2 is a challenging target for drug development because it binds to IL-33 via an extensive interaction interface. Here, we report the discovery of small-molecule ST2 inhibitors through a combination of high-throughput screening and computational analysis. After in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment, 3 compounds were selected for evaluation in 2 experimental GVHD models. We show that the most effective compound, iST2-1, reduces plasma sST2 levels, alleviates disease symptoms, improves survival, and maintains graft-versus-leukemia activity. Our data suggest that iST2-1 warrants further optimization to develop treatment for inflammatory diseases mediated by sST2.
Determination of the lower threshold of apolipoprotein E resulting in remnant lipoprotein clearance (1999)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is the ligand for receptor-mediated clearance of remnant lipoproteins. ApoE at concentrations only 10% of normal, achieved through transplantation of wild-type marrow into apoE(-/-) mice, is sufficient for the maintenance of normal serum lipid and lipoprotein levels. The goal of the present study was to identify the minimal concentration of serum apoE still affecting cholesterol levels, and to determine whether any effects on remnant clearance below this level of apoE were detectable. ApoE(+/+) marrow was mixed with apoE(-/-) marrow in proportions of 1, 5, 10, and 25% to make chimeric mice with serum levels of apoE ranging from 0.005 to 0.46 mg/dl. Analysis of serum cholesterol and apoE levels demonstrated a positive correlation between apoE levels and cholesterol reduction (r = 0.83), with levels of 0.04 mg/dl representing the functional threshold level. There were no differences in lipoprotein profiles and clearance between apoE(-/-) mice and mice with serum apoE of less than 0.04 mg/dl, as assessed by FPLC, non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, and turnover studies. However, electron microscopy of negative stains showed fewer lipoprotein particles with a diameter of <30 nm in the serum of these mice compared to apoE(-/-) mice. These data demonstrate that the threshold of serum apoE resulting in cholesterol reduction is 0. 04 mg/dl, and indicate that apoE below this level affects lipoprotein size distribution possibly by accelerating the clearance of smaller remnants.
Pharmacology of Ketamine Isomers in Surgical Patients (1980)

To assess the intraoperative and postoperative effects of the optical isomers of ketamine. compared with the racemic mixture as sole anesthetics, equianesthetic doses of racemic ketamine (RK), 2 mg/kg, (+)ketamine (PK), 1 mg/kg, and (−)ketamine (MK), 3 mg/kg, were administered intravenously in a ran