gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Mapping of Loci underlying Field Resistance to Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) (1996)

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is a fungal disease of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. phaseoli (Burk.) Snyd. &amp; Hans., type A (FSA), that reduces crop yields in the USA. Quantitative partial resistance to SDS does exist; therefore, one method of controlling the disease is to select cultivars with genetic resistance. The objective of this study was to use molecular markers to identify and locate alleles of chromosomal segments associated with field resistance to SDS in adapted soybean genotypes. Seventy polymorphic DNA markers were compared with SDS response among 100 F 5:9 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between SDS‐resistant ‘Forrest’ and SDS‐susceptible ‘Essex’. SDS disease incidence (D1), disease severity (DS), and yield were determined in replicated, FSA‐infested test sites during 4 yr encompassing five locations with recombinant inbred lines from the F 5:7 to F 5‐11 .Two separate chromosomal segments identified by two RAPD markers, OOO5 250 and OC0l 650 , were found to be associated with mean SDS response across five locations as well as within each of the five locations. These two quantitative trait loci (QTL) jointly accounted for 34% of total phenotypic variability in mean D1. OCOl 650 was significantly associated with mean DS and yield and was putatively assigned to linkage group N. The beneficial allele was derived from the resistant parent Forrest. OO05 250 was not significantly associated with mean DS or yield and was putatively assigned to linkage group C. The beneficial allele was derived from the susceptible parent Essex. Molecular markers can be used to define alleles of chromosomal segments conferring resistance to SDS in several environments and may allow efficient selection of resistant genotypes with good yield potential for FSA‐infested fields.
Changes in bone metabolism in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (2005)

This finding suggests that brain injury could induce osteoporosis by immobilization.
Forty-Year Journey of Angiogenesis Translational Research (2011)

Forty years ago, Judah Folkman predicted that tumor growth is dependent on angiogenesis and that inhibiting this process might be a new strategy for cancer therapy. This hypothesis formed the foundation of a new field of research that represents an excellent example of how a groundbreaking scientific discovery can be translated to yield benefits for patients. Today, antiangiogenic drugs are used to treat human cancers and retinal vascular diseases. Here, we guide readers through 40 years of angiogenesis research and discuss challenges of antiangiogenic therapy.
Mapping of the adenosine 5'-triphosphate binding site of type II calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (1987)

The specificity of the ATP-binding site of the type II calmodulin-dependent protein kinase was probed with 25 analogues of ATP modified at various positions of the molecule. The analogues were compared by their ability to compete with ATP in the protein kinase reaction. The result of this comparison indicates that the enzyme is most sensitive to modifications at, or replacement of, the purine moiety. Changes at the triphosphate chain are much better tolerated, although the enzyme exhibited a selective sensitivity to changes in the conformation of this group. The smallest contribution to the specificity of ATP binding appears to be made by the ribose ring. The Ki values obtained for a subset of these analogues were compared to those previously reported for phosphorylase b kinase and the cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinases [Flockhart, D. A., Freist, W., Hoppe, J., Lincoln, T. M., & Corbin, J. D. (1984) Eur. J. Biochem. 140, 289-295]. A striking similarity in the responses of these protein kinases to modifications of the ATP molecule suggests that the type II calmodulin-dependent protein kinase is related to these enzymes. Support for this conclusion was provided, recently, through comparisons of the deduced primary structures of the alpha and beta subunits of the type II calmodulin-dependent protein kinase with the protein sequences of the catalytic subunits of phosphorylase b kinase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase [Hanley, R. M., Means, A. R., Ono, T., Kemp, B. E., Burgin, K. E., Waxham, N., & Kelly, P. T. (1987) Science (Washington, D.C.) 237, 293-297; Bennett, M. K., & Kennedy, M. B. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 1794-1798], which indicated areas of extensive homology.
Genetic engineering, expression, and activity of a fusion protein of a human neurotrophin and a molecular Trojan horse for delivery across the human blood–brain barrier (2007)

Neurotrophins, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Certain monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the human insulin receptor (HIR) do cross the BBB via receptor-mediated transport, and can act as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry across the BBB an attached drug. A genetically engineered fusion protein was produced whereby the amino terminus of human BDNF is fused to the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain of a chimeric HIRMAb. The HIRMAb-BDNF fusion protein reacted equally with antibodies to human IgG and BDNF. The bi-functionality of the fusion protein was retained as the affinity of the fusion protein for the HIR was identical to that of the chimeric HIRMAb, and the affinity of the fusion protein for the trkB receptor was identical to that of BDNF. The fusion protein was equi-potent with BDNF in a neuroprotection assay in human neural cells. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of the fusion protein was examined in the adult Rhesus monkey. The mean residence time (MRT) of the fusion protein in blood was >100-fold longer than the MRT of BDNF. Therapeutic levels of BDNF were produced in primate brain following the intravenous administration of the fusion protein. A fusion protein tandem vector was engineered that allowed for isolation of a CHO cell line that produced the fusion protein at high levels in serum free medium. Neurotrophins, such as BDNF, can be re-formulated to enable these molecules to cross the human BBB, and such fusion proteins represent a new class of human neurotherapeutics.
Diagnosis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Mutations by DNA Amplification and Allele-Specific Oligonucleotide Probes (1992)

We have recently identified that at least four types of mutation are responsible for the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) polymorphism in the Chinese of Taiwan. Two mutations (487 G-->A and 493 A-->G) occurring at nucleotide position 487 and 493, respectively, create Alu I and Ava II recognition sites which enabled us to directly examine these two mutations by PCR/restriction enzyme (RE) digestion. However, the other two mutations (1376 G-->T and 1388 G-->A), which do not generate any recognizable restriction sites, were detected by DNA sequencing method which is not suitable for rapid diagnosis. Using the PCR technique, we have successfully developed a simple and rapid method for the detection of 1376 and 1388 mutations. This method involves the selective amplification of a DNA fragment from human G6PD gene with specific oligonucleotide primers, followed by hybridization with allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probes. Using the PCR/ASO and PCR/RE methods, we have successfully examined two families and 20 unrelated subjects with G6PD deficiency. Our results indicate that the PCR/ASO method is suitable for the rapid determination of 1376 and 1388 mutations. The combined use of PCR/ASO and PCR/RE methods will be suitable for rapid diagnosis of four known G6PD mutations in Chinese.
Kinetics of the Hydrogenation of Diethyl Oxalate to Ethylene Glycol (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the Hydrogenation of Diethyl Oxalate to Ethylene GlycolGen-hui Xu, Yan-chun Li, Zhen-hua Li, and Hai-Jing WangCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 7, 2371–2378Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00046a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00046a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1099Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of 6-Aza-bicyclo[3,2,1]octan-3-ones via Vinylogous Imide Photochemistry:  An Approach to the Synthesis of the Hetisine Alkaloids (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis of 6-Aza-bicyclo[3,2,1]octan-3-ones via Vinylogous Imide Photochemistry: An Approach to the Synthesis of the Hetisine AlkaloidsYoung-Shin Kwak and Jeffrey D. WinklerView Author Information Department of Chemistry The University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 30, 7429–7430Publication Date (Web):July 6, 2001Publication History Received28 February 2001Revised25 May 2001Published online6 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja010542whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja010542wrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1881Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Irradiation,Organic compounds,Photochemical synthesis,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
Protection/Deprotection of Surface Activity and Its Applications in the Controlled Release of Liposomal Contents (2012)

The micelles of two tripropargylammonium-functionalized cationic surfactants were cross-linked by a disulfide-containing diazido cross-linker in the presence of Cu(I) catalysts. With multiple residual alkyne groups on the surface, the resulting surface cross-linked micelles (SCMs) were postfunctionalized by reaction with 2-azidoethanol and an azido-terminated poly(ethylene glycol), respectively, via the alkyne-azide click reaction. The water-soluble nanoparticles obtained had low surface activity due to the buried hydrophobic tails. Cleavage of the disulfide cross-links by dithiothreitol (DTT) exposed the hydrophobic tails and resumed surface activity of the "caged" surfactants within 2 min after DTT addition. The controlled breakage of the SCMs was used to lower the surface tension of aqueous solutions and trigger the release of liposomal contents on demand.
Exploitation of a chromosomally integrated lactose operon for controlled gene expression in Lactococcus lactis (1996)

Lactococcus lactis MG5267 is a plasmid-free strain in which the lactose operon is integrated in the bacterial chromosome. The chromosomal lacG gene which encodes phospho-beta-galactosidase was inactivated by a double cross-over integration event. Unexpectedly, the resultant mutant was shown to retain a Lac-positive phenotype. The lysin gene from Listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage LM-4 was subsequently integrated into the chromosome of this strain such that expression of the heterologous gene was mediated by the lactose operon promoter. Expression of the lysin gene was shown to be regulated by growth on lactose. This represents an important strategy for the controlled and stabilised expression of biotechnologically useful genes in L. lactis.
Photovoltaic properties of conjugated polymer/methanofullerene composites embedded in a polystyrene matrix (1999)

Bulk donor–acceptor heterojunctions between conjugated polymers and fullerene derivatives have been utilized successfully for photovoltaic devices showing monochromatic energy conversion efficiencies above 1%. The photovoltaic response of these devices is based on the ultrafast, photoinduced electron transfer from the conjugated polymer to the fullerene [N. S. Sariciftci and A. J. Heeger, Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers, (Wiley, New York, 1997), pp. 413–455]. In this work we present efficiency data of solar cells based on a soluble derivative of p-phenylene vinylene (PPV), poly [2-methoxy, 5-(3′,7′-dimethyl-octyloxy)]-p-phenylene vinylene (MDMO-PPV), and a highly soluble methanofullerene, [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), embedded into a conventional polymer, polystyrene (PS). By the blending of the optimized donor–acceptor components into the conventional polymer matrix, the percolation threshold for photovoltaic response of the three component systems is found to be determined by percolation of the methanofullerene in the polymer matrix. We present current/voltage data of PS–MDMO-PPV–PCBM devices with various PS concentrations as well as photoinduced absorption studies in the infrared [(PIA) Fourier transform infrared] and light induced electron spin resonance studies on the electron transfer in these composites. At low light intensities, the monochromatic power conversion efficiency ηe and the photon carrier collection efficiency ηc of the PS free device are calculated with 1.5% and 18%, respectively.
Novel Effector Molecules in Type 2 Inflammation: Lessons Drawn from Helminth Infection and Allergy (2006)

Type 2 cytokine-induced inflammatory responses are critical components of the mucosal immune response required for host defense against helminth infection and are also responsible for the pathogenesis of many debilitating diseases including asthma, allergy, and forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Given the global prevalence of helminth infections, with an estimated two billion individuals infected worldwide, and the pandemic levels of asthma and allergy, with 30% of the population affected in North America, it is essential to define the molecules and pathways that underlie the protective or pathologic consequences of type 2 inflammation. In this review, we will focus on four families of proteins that are highly induced in helminth infection and allergy: 1) the arginases; 2) the resistin-like molecules; 3) the chitinase-like mammalian proteins; and 4) the intelectins. Here, we summarize what is known about their regulation and potential function in protecting against infection and/or exacerbating inflammation.
An Invariant Approach to Statistical Analysis of Shapes (2001)

Natural scientists perceive and classify organisms primarily on the basis of their appearance and structure- their form , defined as that characteristic remaining invariant after translation, rotation, and possibly reflection of the object. The quantitative study of form and form change comprises the field of morphometrics. For morphometrics to suc
Identification of 19 Polymorphic Major Outer Membrane Protein Genes and Their Immunogenic Peptides inEhrlichia ewingiifor Use in a Serodiagnostic Assay (2007)

Ehrlichia ewingii, a tick-transmitted rickettsia previously known only as a canine pathogen, was recently recognized as a human pathogen. E. ewingii has yet to be cultivated, and there is no serologic test available to diagnose E. ewingii infection. Previously, a fragment (505 bp) of a single E. ewingii gene homologous to 1 of 22 genes encoding Ehrlichia chaffeensis immunodominant major outer membrane proteins 1 (OMP-1s)/P28s was identified. The purposes of the present study were to (i) determine the E. ewingii omp-1 gene family, (ii) determine each OMP-1-specific peptide, and (iii) analyze all OMP-1 synthesized peptides for antigenicity. Using nested touchdown PCR and a primer walking strategy, we found 19 omp-1 paralogs in E. ewingii. These genes are arranged in tandem downstream of tr1 and upstream of secA in a 24-kb genomic region. Predicted molecular masses of the 19 mature E. ewingii OMP-1s range from 25.1 to 31.3 kDa, with isoelectric points of 5.03 to 9.80. Based on comparative sequence analyses among OMP-1s from E. ewingii and three other Ehrlichia spp., each E. ewingii OMP-1 oligopeptide that was predicted to be antigenic, bacterial surface exposed, unique in comparison to the other E. ewingii OMP-1s, and distinct from those of other Ehrlichia spp. was synthesized for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasmas from experimentally E. ewingii-infected dogs reacted significantly with most of the OMP-1-specific peptides, indicating that multiple OMP-1s were expressed and immunogenic in infected dogs. The results support the utility of the tailored OMP-1 peptides as E. ewingii serologic test antigens.
Traumatic brain injury in the United States : emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths, 2002-2006 (2010)

traumatic Brain Injury in the united states This body of work is a vital tool for those who devise the strategies for prevention and treatment. However, a critical dimension will be lost if one sees it only as data, if one does not try to put even a fleeting face behind the numbers. They represent people who -if they survived -have had their lives significantly affected. Through research, we are finding better ways to prevent injury and improve acute care. We who are injured may experience improvement both in function and the quality of our lives when we have access to rehabilitation and support to develop and utilize our remaining strengths and abilities. With so many lives affected, we seek and have the potential for independence, to have the chance to move beyond our disabilities and give back to society.
Compact microwave elliptic function filter usingnovelmicrostrip meander open-loop resonators (1996)

A new type of microwave elliptic function bandpass filter using microstrip meander open-loop resonators is proposed. It is shown that the new filter structure is small and allows nonadjacent electric and magnetic couplings to be realised and adjusted. A four-pole filter of this type has, for the first time, been designed and fabricated. The filter is very compact, occupying a circuit size of about a quarter-wavelength by a quarter-wavelength at a midband frequency of 1.47 GHz. Both the simulated and measured results are presented.
Evaluation of Visual Attention Models for Robots (2006)

This paper presents a new approach for providing visual attention on robot vision systems. Compared to other approaches our method is very fast as it processes regions rather than individual pixels. The proposed method first builds a list of regions by applying a shade and shadow tolerant segmentation step. The features of these regions are computed using their convex hulls in order to simplify and accelerate the processing. Feature values are stored within the records of respective regions instead of constructing a master map of attention. Then an algorithmic method is applied for finding the focus of attention in contrast to mathematical approaches used by existing models. Experiments conducted on simulated and real image data have not only demonstrated the validity of the proposed approach but have also led to the establishment of a comprehensive robotic vision system.
Acute myeloid leukemia ontogeny is defined by distinct somatic mutations (2014)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can develop after an antecedent myeloid malignancy (secondary AML [s-AML]), after leukemogenic therapy (therapy-related AML [t-AML]), or without an identifiable prodrome or known exposure (de novo AML). The genetic basis of these distinct pathways of AML development has not been determined. We performed targeted mutational analysis of 194 patients with rigorously defined s-AML or t-AML and 105 unselected AML patients. The presence of a mutation in SRSF2, SF3B1, U2AF1, ZRSR2, ASXL1, EZH2, BCOR, or STAG2 was >95% specific for the diagnosis of s-AML. Analysis of serial samples from individual patients revealed that these mutations occur early in leukemogenesis and often persist in clonal remissions. In t-AML and elderly de novo AML populations, these alterations define a distinct genetic subtype that shares clinicopathologic properties with clinically confirmed s-AML and highlights a subset of patients with worse clinical outcomes, including a lower complete remission rate, more frequent reinduction, and decreased event-free survival. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00715637.
Engraftment of a clonal bone marrow stromal cell line in vivo stimulates hematopoietic recovery from total body irradiation. (1987)

Whether bone marrow stromal cells of donors contribute physiologically to hematopoietic stem cell reconstitution after marrow transplantation is unknown. To determine the transplantability of nonhematopoietic marrow stromal cells, stable clonal stromal cell line (GB1/6) expressing the a isoenzyme of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Glu6PI-a, D-glucose-6-phosphate ketol-isomerase; EC 5.3.1.9) was derived from murine long-term bone marrow cultures and made resistant to neomycin analogue G418 by retroviral gene transfer. GB1/6 cells were fibronectin+, laminin+, and collagen-type IV+ and collagen type I-; these GB1/6 cells supported in vitro growth of hematopoietic stem cells forming colony-forming units of spleen cells (CFU-S) and of granulocytes, erythrocytes, and macrophage/megakarocytes (CFU-GEMM) in the absence of detectable growth factors interleukin 3 (multi-colony-stimulating factor), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-stimulating factor, or their poly(A)+ mRNAs. The GB1/6 cells produced macrophage colony-stimulating factor constitutively. Recipient C57BL/6J (glucose-6-phosphate isomerase b) mice that received 3-Gy total-body irradiation and 13 Gy to the right hind limb were injected i.v. with GB1/6 cells. Engrafted mice demonstrated donor-originating Glu6PI-a+ stromal cells in marrow sinuses in situ 2 mo after transplantation and a significantly enhanced hematopoietic recovery compared with control irradiated nontransplanted mice. Continuous (over numerous passages) marrow cultures derived from transplanted mice demonstrated G418-resistant, Glu6PI-a+ stromal colony-forming cells and greater cumulative production of multipotential stem cells of recipient origin compared with cultures established from irradiated, nontransplanted control mice. These data are evidence for physiological function in vivo of a transplanted bone marrow stromal cell line.