gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chimeric Dengue Type 2 (Vaccine Strain PDK-53)/Dengue Type 1 Virus as a Potential Candidate Dengue Type 1 Virus Vaccine (2000)

We constructed chimeric dengue type 2/type 1 (DEN-2/DEN-1) viruses containing the nonstructural genes of DEN-2 16681 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain PDK-53, and the structural genes (encoding capsid protein, premembrane protein, and envelope glycoprotein) of DEN-1 16007 virus or its vaccine derivative, strain PDK-13. We previously reported that attenuation markers of DEN-2 PDK-53 virus were encoded by genetic loci located outside the structural gene region of the PDK-53 virus genome. Chimeric viruses containing the nonstructural genes of DEN-2 PDK-53 virus and the structural genes of the parental DEN-1 16007 virus retained the attenuation markers of small plaque size and temperature sensitivity in LLC-MK(2) cells, less efficient replication in C6/36 cells, and attenuation for mice. These chimeric viruses elicited higher mouse neutralizing antibody titers against DEN-1 virus than did the candidate DEN-1 PDK-13 vaccine virus or chimeric DEN-2/DEN-1 viruses containing the structural genes of the PDK-13 virus. Mutations in the envelope protein of DEN-1 PDK-13 virus affected in vitro phenotype and immunogenicity in mice. The current PDK-13 vaccine is the least efficient of the four Mahidol candidate DEN virus vaccines in human trials. The chimeric DEN-2/DEN-1 virus might be a potential DEN-1 virus vaccine candidate. This study indicated that the infectious clones derived from the candidate DEN-2 PDK-53 vaccine are promising attenuated vectors for development of chimeric flavivirus vaccines.
Mg x Zn 1−x O as a II–VI widegap semiconductor alloy (1998)

We propose a widegap II–VI semiconductor alloy, MgxZn1−xO, for the fabrication of heteroepitaxial ultraviolet light emitting devices based on ZnO. The c-axis oriented MgxZn1−xO films were epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition on ZnO epitaxial films and sapphire (0001) substrates using ceramic targets. Solid solution films were prepared with Mg content up to x=0.33, achieving a band gap of 3.99 eV at room temperature. MgO impurity phase segregated at x⩾0.36. Lattice constants of MgxZn1−xO films changed slightly (∼1%), increasing in a axis and decreasing in c-axis direction with increasing x. These films showed ultraviolet photoluminescence at energies from 3.36 (x=0) to 3.87 eV (x=0.33) at 4.2 K.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Aryl‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives: Nonpeptide CRF‐1 Antagonists (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The protein and the gene encoding the receptor for the cellular uptake of transcobalamin-bound cobalamin (2008)

The transcobalamin (TC, TCII) receptor (TCblR) on the plasma membrane binds TC- cobalamin (Cbl) and internalizes the complex by endocytosis. This receptor was purified from human placental membranes by affinity chromatography. Tryptic digest of the protein extracted from a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel and subjected to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry identified 4 peptides that matched with a membrane protein in the data bank. TCblR belongs to the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, with 2 low-density lipoprotein receptor type A domains separated by a complement-like cysteine-rich region. The 282-amino acid sequence includes a signal peptide of 31 residues, extracellular domain of 198 residues, a transmembrane region of 21 residues, and a cytoplasmic domain of 32 residues. The binding of TC-Cbl does not require the cytoplasmic domain or its orientation in the plasma membrane because the recombinant extracellular domain binds TC-Cbl with high affinity and specificity. The protein is heavily glycosylated and accounts for the 58-kDa size by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The human gene first identified as 8D6A and more recently as CD 320 encoding TCblR is located at p13.2 on the short arm of chromosome 19, spans a length of 6.224 kb, and is composed of 5 exons and 4 introns.
Identification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal peptides and prediction of their cleavage sites (1997)

We have developed a new method for the identification of signal peptides and their cleavage sites based on neural networks trained on separate sets of prokaryotic and eukaryotic sequence. The method performs significantly better than previous prediction schemes and can easily be applied on genome-wide data sets. Discrimination between cleaved signal peptides and uncleaved N-terminal signal-anchor sequences is also possible, though with lower precision. Predictions can be made on a publicly available WWW server.
HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGING OF GYNECOLOGIC NEOPLASMS USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY (1999)

Optical coherence tomography of tissue microstructures showed potential for powerful, minimally invasive assessment of the female reproductive tract at a resolution greater than any current clinical imaging method.
Effects of focused ultrasound sonodynamic treatment on the rat blood-brain barrier. (2009)

These findings suggest that sonodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer affects the blood-brain barrier, and that blood vessel permeability increases not only as a result of destruction of the blood-brain barrier but also by disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane of endothelial cells.
Role of the Multiple T Cell Receptor (TCR)-ζ Chain Signaling Motifs in Selection of the T Cell Repertoire (1997)

Immature thymocytes undergo a selection process within the thymus based on their T cell antigen receptor (TCR) specificity that results either in their maturation into functionally competent, self-MHC-restricted T cells (positive selection) or their deletion (negative selection). The outcome of thymocyte selection is thought to be controlled by signals transduced by the TCR that vary in relation to the avidity of the TCR-ligand interaction. The TCR is composed of four distinct signal transducing subunits (CD3-gamma, -delta, -epsilon, and zeta) that contain either one (CD3-gamma, -delta, -epsilon) or three (-zeta) signaling motifs (ITAMs) within their intracytoplasmic domains. A possible function for multiple TCR ITAMs could be to amplify signals generated by the TCR during selection. To determine the importance of the multiple TCR-zeta chain ITAMs in thymocyte selection, transgenes encoding alpha/beta TCRs with known specificity were bred into mice in which zeta chains lacking one or more ITAMs had been genetically substituted for endogenous zeta. A direct relationship was observed between the number of zeta chain ITAMs within the TCR complex and the efficiency of both positive and negative selection. These results reveal a role for multiple TCR ITAMs in thymocyte selection and identify a function for TCR signal amplification in formation of the T cell repertoire.
Fertilization and early embryolgoy: ATP content of human oocytes and developmental potential and outcome after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (1995)

The relationship between the ATP content of mature human oocytes and developmental potential after uterine transfer of sibling embryos was examined in 20 non-male factor in-vitro fertilization (IVF) patients matched for age, fertility history, ovarian stimulation protocol, oocyte quality and number, stage and morphology of embryos at uterine transfer. ATP content was determined for uninseminated and unfertilized oocytes for each cohort, and for embryos that developed after dispermic fertilization or which showed significant fragmentation. The effect of reduced ATP content on meiotic maturation, fertilization and preimplantation development was examined in cultured mouse oocytes treated with uncouplers of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The results demonstrated that meiotic maturation occurs in both mouse and human oocytes over a wide range of ATP contents, and that the ATP content of normal-appearing, metaphase II human oocytes can differ significantly between cohorts; however, a higher potential for continued embryogenesis and implantation in the human is associated with embryos that develop from cohorts of oocytes with ATP contents > or = 2 pmol/oocyte. The findings are discussed with respect to possible aetiologies and developmental consequences for embryonic development of different oocyte ATP contents, and the extent to which mitochondrial function may determine or influence the continued developmental capacity of embryos which appear normal and developmentally viable at the early cleavage stages.
Regulation of beta-glucuronidase synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12: constitutive mutants specifically derepressed for uidA expression (1976)

All methyl-beta-D-galacturonide-positive mutants isolated from Escherichia coli K-12 carry constitutive mutations for beta-glucuronidase (UID) synthesis. Most of these mutants are specific for UID synthesis and are distributed in three classes according to the derepression level of UID. Each specific mutant carries a mutation(s) near uidA, the structural gene for UID, at min 30.5 of the E. coli K-12 linkage map. The expression of UID synthesis in F-merodiploid strains carrying these mutations permits discrimination between dominant and recessive constitutivity over the wild-type allele. The first kind of mutation (dominant) should affect the operator site uidO of the structural gene uidA; the second type of mutation (recessive) should affect a regulatory gene, uidR, operating through a negative control. The isolation of mutants bearing at this locus superrepressed mutations, which can revert to produce a constitutive phenotype, confirms the occurrence of such a regulatory gene. The partially derepressed uidR mutants of the first class are normally inducible and remain constitutive at low temperature; their UID has the same thermal sensitivity as in the wild-type strains. The occurrence of similar regulatory gene mutants has been recently described in the lactose system (Shineberg, 1974).
Interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor ?, and interleukin-17 synergistically up-regulate nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in explants of human osteoarthritic knee menisci (2001)

Menisci from humans with OA spontaneously produced NO and PGE2 in a manner that was synergistically or additively augmented by cytokines. NO and PGE2 exhibited reciprocal regulatory effects on one another, suggesting that pharmaceutical agents designed to inhibit NOS2 or COX-2 production may in fact be influencing both pathways.
The Bearded, White God Is Everywhere—or Is He? (2000)

Book Review| January 01 2000 The Bearded, White God Is Everywhere—or Is He? Fair Gods and Feathered Serpents: A Search for the Early Americas’ Bearded White God, T. J. O’Brien. Diane E. Wirth Diane E. Wirth Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google FARMS Review of Books (2000) 12 (2000) (1): 9–22. https://doi.org/10.2307/44792834 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Diane E. Wirth; The Bearded, White God Is Everywhere—or Is He?. FARMS Review of Books 1 January 2000; 12 (2000) (1): 9–22. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/44792834 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressMormon Studies Review Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. © 2000 The Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Diversity of Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein genes (1987)

Genomic DNA libraries were constructed for Chlamydia trachomatis serovars B and C by using BamHI fragments, and recombinants that contained the major outer membrane protein (omp1) gene for each serovar were identified and sequenced. Comparisons between these gene sequences and the gene from serovar L2 demonstrated fewer base pair differences between serovars L2 and B than between L2 and C; this finding is consistent with the serologic and antigenic relationships among these serovars. The translated amino acid sequence for the major outer membrane proteins (MOMPs) contained the same number of amino acids for serovars L2 and B, whereas the serovar C MOMP contained three additional amino acids. The antigenic diversity of the chlamydial MOMP was reflected in four sequence-variable domains, and two of these domains were candidates for the putative type-specific antigenic determinant. The molecular basis of omp1 gene diversity among C. trachomatis serovars was observed to be clustered nucleotide substitutions for closely related serovars and insertions or deletions for distantly related serovars.
Cultivation of Students’ Self-Study Ability in Computer and Classroom Teaching Mode (2010)

Since the innovation of college English teaching, the cultivation of students’ self-study ability has become a target of the New Requirements for College English Teaching. As one of the country’s 180 experimental academies chosen by National Education Commission, our college adopts the teaching mode of combing classroom teaching and computer-based self-study system. Through the practice of students of grades 2004 and 2005, we can see that the comprehensive application ability of the students does not improve largely. Most students do not satisfy the oral English requirements of common standard. Their self-study ability is insufficient. In this paper, my opinion on how to cultivate students’ English self-study ability in the computer and classroom teaching mode will be given. Key words: computer and classroom teaching mode, self-study, metacognition, constructivism Resume: Depuis la reforme de l’enseignement de l’anglais universitaire, la formation de la capacite d’apprendre par soi-meme est deja devenue un des objectifs du Programme. En tant qu’une des 180 ecoles-pilotes elus par la Commission d’Etat de l’Education, notre ecole adopte le modele d’enseignement combinant l’enseignement en classe et le systeme d’auto-apprentissage assite par l’ordinateur. La realite des deux promotions 2004 et 2005 montre que l’elevation de la capacite d’application generale des eleves n’est pas sensible et que le niveau oral de la plupart des eleves ne repond pas a la demande generale. Les eleves sont peu aptes a apprendre par eux-memes. Dans l’article present, l’auteur va presenter ses points de vue personnels sur la formation de la capacite d’auto-apprentissage de l’anglais des eleves, avec l’aide de l’ordinateur et le modele d’enseignement en classe. Mots-cles: sur la base de l’ordinateur et l’enseignement en classe, auto-apprentissage, theorie de metacognition, theorie d’apprentissage constructiviste 摘 要：大學英語教學改革以來，自主學習能力的培養已成為《課程要求》的目標之一。我校作為全國 180 所國家教委選定的試點院校之一，教學過程中採用了課堂教學和基於電腦自主學習系統相結合的教學模式； 通過 2004級和 2005級兩屆學生的實踐教學來看，學生的綜合應用能力提高的幅度不大，多數學生口語表達 能力還沒有達到一般要求。自主學習能力較差。本文基於電腦和課堂教學，對如何培養學生的英語自主學習 能力談一下自己粗淺的看法。 關鍵詞： 基於電腦和課堂教學；自主學習；元認知理論；建構主義學習理論
Amyloid Fibril Formation of α-Synuclein Is Accelerated by Preformed Amyloid Seeds of Other Proteins (2005)

Alpha-synuclein is one of the causative proteins of familial Parkinson disease, which is characterized by neuronal inclusions named Lewy bodies. Lewy bodies include not only alpha-synuclein but also aggregates of other proteins. This fact raises a question as to whether the formation of alpha-synuclein amyloid fibrils in Lewy bodies may occur via interaction with fibrils derived from different proteins. To probe this hypothesis, we investigated in vitro fibril formation of human alpha-synuclein in the presence of preformed fibril seeds of various different proteins. We used three proteins, Escherichia coli chaperonin GroES, hen lysozyme, and bovine insulin, all of which have been shown to form amyloid fibrils. Very surprisingly, the formation of alpha-synuclein amyloid fibril was accelerated markedly in the presence of preformed seeds of GroES, lysozyme, and insulin fibrils. The structural characteristics of the natively unfolded state of alpha-synuclein may allow binding to various protein particles, which in turn triggers the formation (extension) of alpha-synuclein amyloid fibrils. This finding is very important for understanding the molecular mechanism of Parkinson disease and also provides interesting implications into the mechanism of transmissible conformational diseases.
Comparative Analysis of the ERα/ERβ Ratio and Neurotensin and its High-affinity Receptor in Myometrium, Uterine Leiomyoma, Atypical Leiomyoma, and Leiomyosarcoma (2011)

Deregulated steroids are involved in different hormone-dependent tumors, including benign and malignant uterine neoplasms. Leiomyomas (LM) are estrogen and progesterone-dependent benign tumors, whereas "bizarre or atypical LMs" (AL) are considered a subgroup of LM and clinically benign, although their malignant potential is suspect. Uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are malignant smooth muscle tumors, and ovarian steroids may control their growth. Estrogen effects are mediated by 2 receptors, estrogen receptors (ER) α and β, and the ratio of both receptors seems to be a critical parameter in the estrogen-mediated carcinogenic process. Estradiol induces the expression of neurotensin (NTS), and the coupling of this peptide with its high-affinity receptor, NTS1, has been involved in the regulation of tumoral cell growth. Given the importance of these markers in tumor development, we aim to determine the status of ERα and ERβ in the myometrium and LM, AL, and LMS, concomitantly with the expression of NTS/NTS receptor 1 in these tumors. For that purpose, we use immunohistochemistry for all markers analyzed and in-situ hybridization to detect NTS mRNA. These data suggest that LMS are estrogen-dependent tumors, which may use NTS as an autocrine growth factor. In addition, the phenotype of AL with regard to ERα and ERβ status and NTS expression is closer to LMS than LM; thus, a potential malignization of this tumor is feasible.
Relationship between Endothelial Tissue Factor and Thrombogenesis under Blood Flow Conditions (1995)

We have evaluated the relationship between the level of tissue factor (TF) expression by stimulated endothelial cells and thrombus formation under blood flow conditions. Cultures of human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated in order to express different levels of TF activity. They were stimulated for 4 h with either I) lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 10 micrograms/ml), II) recombinant interleukin 1 beta (IL1 beta, 50 UI/ml) or III) simultaneously with LPS and IL1 beta (LPS+IL1 beta). TF activity was low on confluent HUVECs or on the corresponding extracellular-matrix (ECM prepared by exposure of HUVECs to 0.1 N NH4OH). In contrast, it was high when HUVECs were stimulated with LPS or IL1 beta, and significantly higher (p < 0.05) with LPS+IL1 beta. The TF activity associated with the stimulated ECM was 2-fold higher (p < 0.05) than that expressed on the luminal surface of the stimulated HUVECs, irrespective of the agonist or combination of agonists used. These surfaces were exposed to non-anticoagulated human blood at a venous (50 s-1) and an arterial (650 s-1) wall shear rate in parallel-plate perfusion chambers for 5 min. Thrombus formation was morphologically quantified by measuring the deposition of platelets and fibrin. Fibrin deposition was also immunologically quantified. Fibrin deposition was related to the level of TF expression. Non-stimulated HUVECs and corresponding ECMs were not thrombogenic. The luminal surface of HUVECs stimulated with LPS or IL1 beta alone expressed low levels of TF activity and was a poor inducer of platelet deposition and fibrin deposition (< 15%) at 50 s-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparative In Vitro Activities of AC98-6446, a Novel Semisynthetic Glycopeptide Derivative of the Natural Product Mannopeptimycin α, and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Gram-Positive Clinical Isolates (2004)

AC98-6446 is a novel semisynthetic cyclic glycopeptide antibiotic related to the natural product mannopeptimycin alpha (AC98-1). In the present study the activity of AC98-6446 was evaluated against a variety of recent clinical gram-positive pathogens including multiply resistant strains. AC98-6446 demonstrated similar potent activities against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococci and glycopeptide-intermediate staphylococcal isolates (MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited [MIC(90)s], 0.03 to 0.06 microg/ml). AC98-6446 also demonstrated good activities against both vancomycin-resistant and -susceptible strains of enterococci (MIC(90)s, 0.12 and 0.25 microg/ml, respectively) as well as against streptococcal strains (MIC(90)s, <or= 0.008 to 0.03 microg/ml). AC98-6446 demonstrated bactericidal activity in terms of the reduction in the viable counts (>3 log(10) CFU/ml) of staphylococcal and streptococcal isolates and a marked decrease in the viable counts of most enterococcal strains (from 0.2 to 2.5 log(10) CFU/ml). Unlike vancomycin, which demonstrates time-dependent killing, AC98-6446 demonstrated concentration-dependent killing. The potent activity, novel structure, and bactericidal activity demonstrated by AC98-6446 make it an attractive candidate for further development.
Overlapping reading frames at the LYS5 locus in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. (1990)

Mutants affected at the LYS5 locus of Yarrowia lipolytica lack detectable dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. The LYS5 gene has previously been cloned, and we present here the sequence of the 2.5-kilobase-pair (kb) DNA fragment complementing the lys5 mutation. Two large antiparallel open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) were observed, flanked by potential transcription signals. Both ORFs appear to be transcribed, but several lines of evidence suggest that only ORF2 is translated and encodes SDH. (i) The global amino acid compositions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SDH and of the putative ORF2 product are similar and that of ORF1 is dissimilar. (ii) An in-frame translational fusion of ORF2 with the Escherichia coli lacZ gene was introduced into yeast cells and resulted in a beta-galactosidase activity regulated similarly to SDH; no beta-galactosidase activity was obtained with an in-frame fusion of ORF1 with lacZ. (iii) The introduction of a stop codon at the beginning of ORF2 prevented SDH expression in yeast cells, whereas no phenotypic effect was observed when ORF1 translation was blocked.
Increased polymerase fidelity of E89G, a nucleoside analog-resistant variant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (1996)

Nucleoside analog resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 results from mutations in reverse transcriptase (RT) that allow the enzyme to discriminate against such analogs. To evaluate the possible impact of such mutations on the ability of human immunodeficiency virus RT to selectively incorporate Watson-Crick base-paired deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) over incorrectly paired dNTPs, we have measured the fidelity of dNTP insertion by the E89G variant of RT in in vitro reaction mixtures containing synthetic template primers. The E89G RT was previously shown to be resistant to several ddNTPs and to phosphonoformic acid. Our results show that the mutant enzyme displays a lower level of efficiency of misinsertion than did the wild-type RT for every mispair tested (ranging from 2- to 17-fold.