gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfer of the HSV-tk Gene into Donor Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes for In Vivo Modulation of Donor Anti-Tumor Immunity after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation. The San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy (1995)

The infusion of donor lymphocytes after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is a promising therapeutic tool for achieving a graft versus leukemia (GvL) effect in case of leukemic relapse (1-7), and for the treatment of other complications related to the severe immunosuppressive status of transplanted patients, such as Epstein Barr virus-induced lymphoproliferative disorders (EBV-BLPD) (8) or reactivation of CMV infection (9). Although the delay in the administration of T lymphocytes is expected to reduce the risk of severe GvHD, this risk is still present at higher doses of donor T-cells. The transfer of a suicide gene into donor lymphocytes could allow the in vivo selective elimination of cells responsible for severe GvHD. Additionally, under appropriate conditions, it may allow in vivo modulation of donor anti-tumor responses, and to separate GvL from GvHD. Finally, crucial questions concerning survival and function of donor lymphocytes could be answered by their gene marking. Previous studies documented that T lymphocytes are suitable targets for gene transfer through retroviral vectors (10, 11). This protocol has been designed to evaluate in the contest of allogeneic BMT: 1--the safety of increasing doses of donor lymphocytes transduced with a suicide retroviral vector; 2--the efficacy in terms of survival and immunologic potential of donor lymphocytes after in vitro activation, gene transduction, and immunoselection; 3--the possibility of in vivo down regulation of GvHD by the administration of ganciclovir to patients treated by tk-transduced donor lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Incorporating side-channel information into convolutional neural networks for robotic tasks (2017)

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are a deep learning technique that has achieved state-of-the-art prediction performance in computer vision and robotics, but assume the input data can be formatted as an image or video (e.g. predicting a robot grasping location given RGB-D image input). This paper considers the problem of augmenting a traditional CNN for handling image-like input (called main-channel input) with additional, highly predictive, non-image-like input (called side-channel input). An example of such a task would be to predict whether a robot path is collision-free given an occupancy grid of the environment and the path's start and goal configurations; the occupancy grid is the main-channel and the start and goal are the side-channel. This paper presents several candidate network architectures for doing so. Empirical tests on robot collision prediction and control problems compare the proposed architectures in terms of learning speed, memory usage, learning capacity, and susceptibility to overfitting.
THE CRIOLLO CATTLE PROJECT OF SANTA CRUZ, BOLIVIA (1984)

SUMMARY Plans to improve the milk production ability of the Criollo in Bolivia are outlined. The background problems are stated, and experiments to improve by crossbreeding are described. The Criollo improvement project which makes use of the purebred Criollo was planned in two stages. The first was the attempt to measure the performance of Criollo cows purchased from commercial herds, and milked without their calves. The second stage was the comparison of performance with the results of the crossbred trial. The intentions and plans to progeny test the Criollo bulls are summarized and the hopes of producing bulls for sale and use on temperate breeds of cow are described. The problems encountered in the project are stated, and the results are viewed in the context of work with Criollo in other countries.
Band-Tunable and Multiplexed Integrated Circuits for Simultaneous Recording and Stimulation With Microelectrode Arrays (2005)

Two thin-film microelectrode arrays with integrated circuitry have been developed for extracellular neural recording in behaving animals. An eight-site probe for simultaneous neural recording and stimulation has been designed that includes on-chip amplifiers that can be individually bypassed, allowing direct access to the iridium sites for electrical stimulation. The on-probe amplifiers have a gain of 38.9 dB, an upper-cutoff frequency of 9.9 kHz, and an input-referred noise of 9.2 microV rms integrated from 100 Hz to 10 kHz. The low-frequency cutoff of the amplifier is tunable to allow the recording of field potentials and minimize stimulus artifact. The amplifier consumes 68 microW from +/- 1.5 V supplies and occupies 0.177 mm2 in 3 microm features. In vivo recordings have shown that the preamplifiers can record single-unit activity 1 ms after the onset of stimulation on sites as close as 20 microm to the stimulating electrode. A second neural recording array has been developed which multiplexes 32 neural signals onto four output data leads. Providing gain on this array eliminates the need for bulky headmounted circuitry and reduces motion artifacts. The time-division multiplexing circuitry has crosstalk between consecutive channels of less than 6% at a sample rate of 20 kHz per channel. Amplified, time-division-multiplexed multichannel neural recording allows the large-scale recording of neuronal activity in freely behaving small animals with minimum number of interconnect leads.
Seeded Growth of Calcium Phosphates: Effect of Different Calcium Phosphate Seed Material (1976)

Seed crystals of OCP, TCP, and HAP are effective nucleators of DCPD in stable supersaturated solutions under conditions in which DCPD is the predominant phase. The crystals will grow with the second-order kinetics (TCa = 5.0 X 10(-3)M, Tp = 1.0 X 10(-2)M [pH, 5.60]) characteristic of DCPD. TCP is the least efficient, DCPD growth taking place only after an initial induction period. In all instances, the rate of DCPD crystallization is proportional to the square of the supersaturation with respect to DCPD, and the reaction is surface controlled. Scanning electron micrographs show an amorphous or microcrystalline precursor to the development of the characteristic platelets of DCPD. In stable supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions at a physiologic pH (TCa = 1.4 X 10(-3)M, Tp = 8.0 X 10(-4)M [pH, 7.40]), only OCP and HAP seed crystals are effective nucleators. The efficiency of OCP as a nucleator adds further evidence for its participation as a precursor in the precipitation of HAP under these conditions.
Inhibition of Tankyrases Induces Axin Stabilization and Blocks Wnt Signalling in Breast Cancer Cells (2012)

Constitutive Wnt signalling is characterized by excessive levels of β-catenin protein and is a frequent occurrence in cancer. APC and Axin are key components of the β-catenin destruction complex that acts to promote β-catenin degradation. The levels of Axin are in turn controlled by tankyrases, members of the PARP-family of poly-ADP-ribosylation enzymes. In colorectal cancer cells, which typically harbor APC mutations, inhibition of tankyrase activity promotes Axin stabilization and attenuates Wnt signalling. Here, we examined the effect of inhibiting tankyrases in breast cancer cells with normal APC. We show that application of the small molecule tankyrase inhibitor, XAV939 or siRNA-mediated abrogation of tankyrase expression increases Axin1 and Axin2 protein levels and attenuates Wnt-induced transcriptional responses in several breast cancer lines. In MDA-MB-231 cells, inhibiton of tankyrase activity also attenuate Wnt3a induced cell migration. Moreover, in both MDA-MB-231 and colorectal cancer cells, XAV939 inhibits cell growth under conditions of serum-deprivation. However, the presence of serum prevents this growth inhibitory effect, although inhibition of Wnt-induced transcriptional and migratory responses was maintained. These results indicate that stabilization of Axin by inhibition of tankyrases alone, may not be an effective means to block tumor cell growth and that combinatorial therapeutic approaches should be considered.
Improving Health Outcomes for the Elderly: An Analytic Framework (2010)

The authors present an analytic framework for investigating interactive gaming technologies and integrating a number of such technologies into a remote healthcare monioring system (ReMoteCare) to help improve the quality of life of the elderly, the chronically unwell and infirm whether they are living in their own homes or in aged care facilities. The framework covers population characteristics of the cohort, the interactive technologies as well as economic and environmental factors. It is anticipated that a series of interactive exercises, developed in conjunction with a Feldenkrais movement therapist who specializes in exercises for the elderly, will help to improve the physical and mental health outcomes of this cohort.
Gentle Immobilization of Nonionic Polymersomes on Solid Substrates (2007)

Vesicles from Pluronic L121 (PEO5-PPO68-PEO5) triblock copolymers were first stabilized by a permanent interpenetrating polymer network and then gently immobilized onto a glass or mica surface. Fluorescence-labeled micrometer-sized vesicles were visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy, and smaller sized capsules, around 100 nm, were probed by liquid atomic force microscopy. The immobilized vesicles were weakly attached to a negatively charged surface via negatively charged polyelectrolytes in combination with Mg2+ ions and can be reversibly detached from the surface by slightly elevated temperatures. To illustrate that the immobilized vesicles remain responsive to external stimuli, we show that it is possible to transform their shape from spherical to cylindrical by introducing a second Pluronic, namely, P123 (PEO20-PPO70-PEO20). The detailed transition process has been recorded in real time by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Electron microscopy studies confirmed that a similar morphology change also occurs in the bulk.
Dual energy CT: How well can pseudo‐monochromatic imaging reduce metal artifacts? (2015)

Pseudo-monochromatic imaging is able to reduce beam hardening, scatter, and metal artifacts in some cases but it cannot remove them. In all cases, the CNR is significantly reduced, thereby rendering the method questionable, unless special post processing algorithms are implemented to restore the high CNR from the original images (e.g., by using a frequency split technique). Raw data-based dual energy decomposition methods should be preferred, in particular, because the CNR penalty is almost negligible.
INHIBITION OF IMMEDIATE-TYPE ALLERGIC REACTIONS BY THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OFSALVIA PLEBEIA (2002)

The effect of aqueous extract of Salvia plebeia R. Brown (Labiatae) (SPAE) on the mast cell mediated immediate-type allergic reactions in rats was studied. SPAE (0.05 to 1 g/kg) inhibited systemic allergic reaction induced by compound 48/80. SPAE (0.001 and 1 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) when intraperitoneally, intraveneously or orally administered. When SPAE was pretreated at the same concentrations with systemic allergic reaction test, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. SPAE (0.001 to 1 mg/mL) dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The level of cyclic AMP in RPMC, when SPAE (0.1 and 1 mg/mL) was added, significantly increased compared with that of basal cells. Moreover, SPAE (0.01 to 1 mg/mL) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production. These results indicate that SPAE may possess strong antiallergic activity and suggest that differences in bioavailability may cause differential activity following different administration routes.
mRNA expression of ligands of the epidermal‐growth‐factor‐receptor in the uterus (1997)

Six different ligands of the epidermal-growth-factor receptor (EGFR) have been identified in the past. In some cervical squamous-cell carcinomas, an increased amount of proteins binding to the EGFR has been reported. In order to identify the mRNA of EGFR ligands (EGFRL), which might be over-expressed in cervical and endometrial cancers, we performed semi-quantitative reverse-transcription/polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) for all 6 EGFRL in RNA extracts of normal and malignant tissue samples of the human uterus. PCR products from RNA extracts of 83 patients were quantitated relative to the housekeeping gene and internal standard pyruvate dehydrogenase by analyzing the PCR kinetics of product synthesis. In extracts of normal cervix, the level of mRNA expression of the EGFRL was significantly higher than in endometrium. No significant difference was detected between normal cervix and cervical carcinomas. However, both in cervical and in endometrial cancers, mRNA expression was non-parametrically distributed and in some cervical cancers overexpression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), amphiregulin or EGF was observed. In endometrial cancers, mRNA levels of all EGFRL were higher than in normal endometrium. This increase was significant (p < 0.005) for TGF-α and amphiregulin. Thus, TGF-α mRNA is over-expressed in approximately 10% of cervical cancers and in the majority of endometrial cancers. Since TGF-α anti-sense therapy might represent a future strategy in such cancers, we also determined the absolute level of TGF-α mRNA expression by quantitative PCR using a cloned standard. Int. J. Cancer 72:581–586, 1997.© 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TRACKABILITY, CROSSABILITY, AND PUSHABILITY OF CORONARY STENT SYSTEMS - AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH (2002)

Trackability, crossability and pushability are essential properties determining the handling characteristics and deliverability of stent systems. We present objective test methods to assess these parameters quantitatively in an in vitro model. The model consisted of a 6F guiding catheter, a guide wire (0.014") and a coronary vessel model (HD-PE tubing, I.D. 2.5 mm), all immersed in 37 degrees C water. Two attached sensors measured the reactive forces occurring at the proximal catheter shaft and the distal catheter and stent segments during model passage. For crossability assessment, the setup was completed by a stenosis model, mimicking two types of eccentric circular stenoses. A comparative study provided distinctive differences in trackability, stenosis crossability, and pushability. Analyzing the proximal and distal force measurements, these differences were quantified and the qualification of a particular stent system to be successfully delivered to a model target stenosis could be rated.
Adaptive Immune Neuroprotection in G93A-SOD1 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mice (2008)

Background: Innate neuroimmune dysfunction is a pathobiological feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, links, if any, between disease and adaptive immunity are poorly understood. Thus, the role of T cell immunity in disease was investigated in human G93A superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) transgenic (Tg) mice and subsequently in ALS patients.
CMOS image sensors: electronic camera on a chip (2002)

Recent advancements in CMOS image sensor technology are reviewed, including both passive pixel sensors and active pixel sensors. On-chip analog to digital converters and on-chip timing and control circuits permit realization of an electronic camera-on-a-chip.
Overlap and Effective Size of the Human CD8 + T Cell Receptor Repertoire (2010)

Diversity in T lymphocyte antigen receptors is generated by somatic rearrangement of T cell receptor (TCR) genes and is concentrated within the third complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of each chain of the TCR heterodimer. We sequenced the CDR3 regions from millions of rearranged TCR beta chain genes in naïve and memory CD8(+) T cells of seven adults. The CDR3 sequence repertoire realized in each individual is strongly biased toward specific V(beta)-J(beta) pair utilization, dominated by sequences containing few inserted nucleotides, and drawn from a defined subset comprising less than 0.1% of the estimated 5 x 10(11) possible sequences. Surprisingly, the overlap in the naïve CD8(+) CDR3 sequence repertoires of any two of the individuals is approximately 7000-fold larger than predicted and appears to be independent of the degree of human leukocyte antigen matching.
Flagellin acting via TLR5 is the major activator of key signaling pathways leading to NF-κB and proinflammatory gene program activation in intestinal epithelial cells (2004)

These collective results provide the evidence that flagellin acts as the main determinant of Salmonella mediated NF-kappa B and proinflammatory signaling and gene activation by this flagellated pathogen. In addition, expression of the fli C gene appears to play an important role in the proper functioning of the TTSS since mutants that fail to express fli C are defective in expressing a subset of Sip proteins and fail to invade host cells. Flagellin added in trans cannot restore the ability of the fli C mutant bacteria to invade intestinal epithelial cells. Lastly, TLR5 expression in weak and non-responding cells indicates that additional factors may be required for efficient signal propagation in response to flagellin recognition.
124I-labeled engineered anti-CEA minibodies and diabodies allow high-contrast, antigen-specific small-animal PET imaging of xenografts in athymic mice. (2003)

(124)I labeling of engineered antibody fragments provides a promising new class of tumor-specific probes for PET imaging of tumors and metastases.
The anticancer immune response: indispensable for therapeutic success? (2008)

Although the impact of tumor immunology on the clinical management of most cancers is still negligible, there is increasing evidence that anticancer immune responses may contribute to the control of cancer after conventional chemotherapy. Thus, radiotherapy and some chemotherapeutic agents, in particular anthracyclines, can induce specific immune responses that result either in immunogenic cancer cell death or in immunostimulatory side effects. This anticancer immune response then helps to eliminate residual cancer cells (those that fail to be killed by chemotherapy) or maintains micrometastases in a stage of dormancy. Based on these premises, in this Review we address the question, How may it be possible to ameliorate conventional therapies by stimulating the anticancer immune response? Moreover, we discuss the rationale of clinical trials to evaluate and eventually increase the contribution of antitumor immune responses to the therapeutic management of neoplasia.
Multivariable structural characterization of semicrystalline polymer blends by small‐angle light scattering (2002)

Abstract A new multi‐variable‐measurement approach for characterizing and correlating the nanoscale and microscale morphology of crystal‐amorphous polymer blends with melt‐phase behavior is described. A vertical small‐angle light scattering (SALS) instrument optimized for examining the scattering and light transmitted from structures ranging from 0.5 to 50 μm, thereby spanning the size range characteristic of the initial‐to‐late stages of thermal‐phase transitions (e.g., melt‐phase separation and crystallization) in crystal‐amorphous polymer blends, was constructed. The SALS instrument was interfaced with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and simultaneous SALS/DSC/transmission measurements were performed. We show that the measurement of transmitted light and SALS under H V (cross‐polarized) optical alignments during melting can be used to reliably measure the thermodynamic (e.g., crystal melting and melt‐phase separation temperatures) and structural variables (e.g., crystalline fraction within the superstructures and volume fraction of superstructures) necessary for describing the multiphase behavior of crystal‐amorphous blends in one combined measurement. We also evaluate the orientation correlations of crystalline volume elements within the superstructures. Our results indicate that simultaneous measurement of transmitted light can provide a reliable estimate of the total scattering from density and orientation fluctuations and the melt‐phase separation temperature of polymer blends. For solution‐cast poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)/poly(D,L‐lactic acid) blends, our multivariable measurements during melting provide the parameters necessary to generate a crystal–liquid and liquid–liquid phase diagram and characterize the solid‐state morphology. This opens up the challenge to explore use of our vertical SALS instrument as a rapid and convenient method for developing structure–property relationships for crystal‐amorphous polymer blends. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2714–2727, 2002
Racotumomab: an anti-idiotype vaccine related to N-glycolyl-containing gangliosides – preclinical and clinical data (2012)

Neu-glycolyl (NeuGc)-containing gangliosides are attractive targets for immunotherapy with anti-idiotype mAbs, because these glycolipids are not normal components of the cytoplasmic membrane in humans, but their expression has been demonstrated in several human malignant tumors. Racotumomab is an anti-idiotype mAb specific to P3 mAb, an antibody which reacts to NeuGc-containing gangliosides, sulfatides, and other antigens expressed in tumors. Preparations containing racotumomab were able to induce a strong anti-metastatic effect in tumor-bearing mice. Different Phase I clinical trials have been conducted in patients with advanced melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer. The results of these clinical trials demonstrated the low toxicity and the high immunogenicity of this vaccine. The induced antibodies recognized and directly killed tumor cells expressing NeuGcGM3. A Phase II/III multicenter, controlled, randomized, double blind clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of aluminum hydroxide-precipitated racotumomab vaccine in overall survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The clinical results of this study showed a significant clinical benefit in the patients who were treated with the anti-idiotype vaccine.
Land-Mobile GPS Receiver (1990)

A mobile plays a very important role as a transportation method and it is very valuable to know his location because optimal fleet management is possible in a taxi or in a trucking company to improve customer service and to increase operating efficiency.
A GPS receiver is used for a land-mobile location system because precise position, speed and time are available continuously in world
wide under any weather condition. But, GPS system has a disadvantage that position fix is unavailable due to GPS signal masking in
tunnels or in areas crowded with buildings.
On the other hand, dead reckoning system has an advantage that position fix is available in tunnels or in building areas and high position accuracy can be obtained for a short period.
Therefore, by combining GPS and dead reckoning, the advantages of both systems are available. But, there is no report using a rate gyro which is unaffcted by iron materials, compared with a magnet compass.
This paper describes the system combining a GPS receiver with dead reckoning system of a vibratory rate gyro and a distance sensor.
Through running tests on roads, this combined system has the performance enough as a landmobile location system.
That is, GPS+DR gives positions at any time without deterioration of position accuracy compared with stand alone GPS.
A rate gyro is unaffected by iron
materials compared with a magnet compass.