gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semiconductor topography in aqueous environments: Tunneling microscopy of chemomechanically polished (001) GaAs (1987)

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of (001) GaAs samples immersed in aqueous solutions has been used to assess the effectiveness of a standard bromine-methanol chemomechanical polish to produce flat surfaces over length scales from 5 to 1000 nm. The STM images reveal irregular 100-nm features coexisting with large areas of average roughness of the order of a few nanometers. The precision, stability, and reproducibility of these images suggest that immersion STM could be used to study surface chemical processes in real time.
The Mechanism of β-Hematin Formation in Acetate Solution. Parallels between Hemozoin Formation and Biomineralization Processes (2000)

2',3'-diol groups-containing oligonucleotides were shown to be adsorbed on N,N-diethyl-N-(p-methylphenylboryl) aminoethylsephadex A-25, forming the complex between boryl groups of the polymer and cys-diol part of oligonucleotides. This way the mixture of oligonucleotides pNn + (Np) n-1 Np can be fractionated. The procedure described is suitable also for the isolation of pure aminoacyl-nucleotides having free cys-diol groups in a carbohydrate part of the molecule.
Effect of Left Ventricular Lead Concordance to the Delayed Contraction Segment on Echocardiographic and Clinical Outcomes after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2008)

LV lead concordance to the delayed contraction segment may not be a major determining factor for favorable echocardiographic and clinical outcomes after CRT.
Single-Mode Photonic Band Gap Guidance of Light in Air (1999)

The confinement of light within a hollow core (a large air hole) in a silica-air photonic crystal fiber is demonstrated. Only certain wavelength bands are confined and guided down the fiber, each band corresponding to the presence of a full two-dimensional band gap in the photonic crystal cladding. Single-mode vacuum waveguides have a multitude of potential applications from ultrahigh-power transmission to the guiding of cold atoms.
Automatic tuning of myoelectric prostheses. (1998)

This paper is concerned with the development of a software package for the automatic tuning of myoelectric prostheses. The package core consists of Fuzzy Logic Expert Systems (FLES) that embody skilled operator heuristics in the tuning of prosthesis control parameters. The prosthesis system is an artificial arm-hand system developed at the National Institute of Accidents at Work (INAIL) laboratories. The prosthesis is powered by an electric motor that is controlled by a microprocessor using myoelectric signals acquired from skin-surface electrodes placed on a muscle in the residual limb of the subject. The software package, Microprocessor Controlled Arm (MCA) Auto Tuning, is a tool for aiding both INAIL expert operators and unskilled persons in the controller parameter tuning procedure. Prosthesis control parameter setup and subsequent recurrent adjustments are fundamental for the correct working of the prosthesis, especially when we consider that myoelectric parameters may vary greatly with environmental modifications. The parameter adjustment requires the end-user to go to the manufacturer's laboratory for the control parameters setup because, generally, he/she does not have the necessary knowledge and instruments to do this at home. However, this procedure is not very practical and involves a waste of time for the technicians and uneasiness for the clients. The idea behind the MCA Auto Tuning package consists in translating technician expertise into an FLES knowledge database. The software interacts through a user-friendly graphic interface with an unskilled user, who is guided through a step-by-step procedure in the prosthesis parameter tuning that emulates the traditional expert-aided procedure. The adoption of this program on a large scale may yield considerable economic benefits and improve the service quality supplied to the users of prostheses. In fact, the time required to set the prosthesis parameters are remarkably reduced, as is the technician's working time. This is interpreted as minor costs for prostheses manufacturers and suppliers.
Improved room-temperature continuous wave GaAs/AlGaAs and InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs lasers fabricated on Si substrates via relaxed graded GexSi1−x buffer layers (2003)

Improved GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well lasers were fabricated with longer lifetimes, higher efficiencies, and lower threshold current densities than previously reported devices on Ge/GeSi relaxed graded buffers on Si substrates. Uncoated broad-area lasers operated continuously at 858 nm with a differential quantum efficiency of 0.40 and a threshold current density of 269 A/cm2. Similar devices fabricated on GaAs substrates demonstrated nearly identical performance. Operating lifetimes on Si substrates were nearly 4 h, a 1 order of magnitude improvement over previous devices. In addition, strained InGaAs quantum well lasers have been operated continuously at room temperature on Ge/GeSi/Si substrates with a differential quantum efficiency of 0.26 and a threshold current density of 700 A/cm2. Electroluminescence analyses of the failure behavior of both types of devices have suggested that recombination-enhanced defect reactions are limiting laser lifetime on Si substrates.
Improved Synthesis of the Boc and Fmoc Derivatives of 4-(2‘-Aminoethyl)-6-dibenzofuranpropionic Acid:  An Unnatural Amino Acid That Nucleates β-Sheet Folding (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTImproved Synthesis of the Boc and Fmoc Derivatives of 4-(2'-Aminoethyl)-6-dibenzofuranpropionic Acid: An Unnatural Amino Acid That Nucleates β-Sheet FoldingHaimanot Bekele, Carey L. Nesloney, Kurt W. McWilliams, Niki M. Zacharias, Penchit Chitnumsub, and Jeffery W. KellyView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 7, 2259–2262Publication Date (Web):April 4, 1997Publication History Received5 June 1996Revised30 December 1996Published online4 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961063whttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961063wbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views582Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Ethyl groups,Metalation,Monomers,Organic compounds,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Chemical and physical pathways of protein degradation (1992)

This first of two volumes examines the chemical and physical mechanisms of degradation processes that occur during drug processing, storage, and delivery. The practical text will be particularly useful to molecular biologists, process engineers, and pharmaceutical scientists in the field of biotechnology.
Probation in the European Landscape of Criminal Justice (2014)

The context in which the Probation institution is implemented is extremely complex, with facets originating in criminal law, criminology, penology, psychology, social work, sociology etc. Thus, to generate policies that lead to probation`s efficiency, specialists continuously raise a number of questions about the reasons why people commit crimes, the most effective methods of intervention to prevent the repeat of criminal behavior, the impact of offered services on victims, on the community as a whole and, not least, the costs and benefits arising from these services. Criminals, recognized as vulnerable persons, require specialized social services to overcome difficult situations, to prevent and combat the repeat of the criminal behavior, the risk of social exclusion, the increase of quality of life and to promote their social inclusion. These services must be a response adapted to the various social needs or vulnerable situations this group of persons is situated in.
Membrane-Associated IL-1 Contributes to Chronic Synovitis and Cartilage Destruction in Human IL-1α Transgenic Mice (2004)

IL-1 molecules are encoded by two distinct genes, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. Both isoforms possess essentially identical activities and potencies, whereas IL-1alpha, in contrast to IL-1beta, is known to act as a membrane-associated IL-1 (MA-IL-1) and plays an important role in a variety of inflammatory situations. The transgenic (Tg) mouse line (Tg1706), which was generated in our laboratory, overexpresses human IL-1alpha (hIL-1alpha) and exhibits a severe arthritic phenotype characterized by autonomous synovial proliferation with subsequent cartilage destruction. Because the transgene encoded Lys(64) to Ala(271) of the hIL-1alpha amino acid sequence, Tg mice may overproduce MA-IL-1 as well as soluble IL-1alpha. The present study investigated whether MA-IL-1 contributes to synovial proliferation and cartilage destruction in the development of arthritis. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that both macrophage-like and fibroblast-like synoviocytes constitutively produce MA-IL-1. D10 cell proliferation assay revealed MA-IL-1 bioactivity of paraformaldehyde-fixed synoviocytes and the further induction of endogenous mouse MA-IL-1 via autocrine mechanisms. MA-IL-1 expressed on synoviocytes triggered synoviocyte self-proliferation through cell-to-cell (i.e., juxtacrine) interactions and also promoted proteoglycan release from the cartilage matrix in chondrocyte monolayer culture. Interestingly, the severity of arthritis was significantly correlated with MA-IL-1 activity rather than with soluble IL-1alpha activity or concentration of serum hIL-1alpha. Moreover, when the Tg1706 line was compared with the Tg101 line, which selectively overexpresses the 17-kDa mature hIL-1alpha, the severity of arthritis was significantly higher in the Tg1706 line than in the Tg101 line. These results suggest that MA-IL-1 contributes to synoviocyte self-proliferation and subsequent cartilage destruction in inflammatory joint disease such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Architecture for low-power real-time image analysis using 3D silicon technology (1998)

The technology to build highly integrated 3D computational image sensors by stacking and interconnecting layers of 2D silicon ICs is being developed. Unlike multi-chip module packaging, in which interconnect lines are brought to the periphery of a chip stack to achieve vertical integration, this new technology allows virtually unrestricted placement of vertical vias within the interior of the chip. The goal of this development is to enable high sped, high resolution image processing in compact low power wearable systems that would be coupled with a head-mounted display. Potential applications for these systems include target tracking and image stabilization. In this talk we focus on the architecture of the 3D image sensor, which includes pixel- parallel analog-to-digital conversion and programmable digital processors for pixel and block operations. We show that 3D technology will allow at least an order of magnitude decrease in power dissipation over an equivalent 2D implementation of the architecture.
mTOR Regulation and Therapeutic Rejuvenation of Aging Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2009)

Age-related declines in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function may contribute to anemia, poor response to vaccination, and tumorigenesis. Here, we show that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity is increased in HSCs from old mice compared to those from young mice. mTOR activation through conditional deletion of Tsc1 in the HSCs of young mice mimicked the phenotype of HSCs from aged mice in various ways. These included increased abundance of the messenger RNA encoding the CDK inhibitors p16(Ink4a), p19(Arf), and p21(Cip1); a relative decrease in lymphopoiesis; and impaired capacity to reconstitute the hematopoietic system. In old mice, rapamycin increased life span, restored the self-renewal and hematopoiesis of HSCs, and enabled effective vaccination against a lethal challenge with influenza virus. Together, our data implicate mTOR signaling in HSC aging and show the potential of mTOR inhibitors for restoring hematopoiesis in the elderly.
The nucleotide sequence of the cyd locus encoding the two subunits of the cytochrome d terminal oxidase complex of Escherichia coli. (1988)

The cytochrome d terminal oxidase complex is one of two terminal oxidases in the aerobic respiratory chain of Escherichia coli. The enzyme is located in the cytoplasmic membrane where it oxidizes ubiquinol-8 in the bilayer and reduces oxygen to water. Enzyme turnover is coupled to the generation of a proton-motive force, resulting in electrogenic translocation across the membrane of one proton per electron passing through the system. The enzyme is an alpha beta heterodimer containing four hemes. The cyd locus, encoding both subunits, has previously been genetically mapped and cloned. This work describes an insertion and deletion analysis of cyd which indicates the direction of transcription, defines the coding regions, and suggests that cyd is an operon. In addition, the complete DNA sequence of the cyd gene is reported. Two open reading frames, separated by 18 base pairs, encode the two subunits of the oxidase complex. Hydropathy profiles of the deduced protein sequence indicate that subunits I and II are each likely to have multiple transmembrane elements. There are only 10 histidines in both subunits, several of which are likely to serve as heme axial ligands.
The 4-Oxalomesaconate Hydratase Gene, Involved in the Protocatechuate 4,5-Cleavage Pathway, Is Essential to Vanillate and Syringate Degradation in Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6 (2000)

Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6 is able to grow on various dimeric lignin compounds, which are converted to vanillate and syringate by the actions of unique lignin degradation enzymes in this strain. Vanillate and syringate are degraded by the O-demethylase and converted into protocatechuate (PCA) and 3-O-methylgallate (3MGA), respectively. PCA is further degraded via the PCA 4,5-cleavage pathway, while the results suggested that 3MGA is degraded through another pathway in which PCA 4,5-dioxygenase is not involved. In a 10.5-kb EcoRI fragment carrying the genes for PCA 4,5-dioxygenase (ligAB), 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate hydrolase (ligI), and a portion of 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ligC), we found the ligJ gene encoding 4-oxalomesaconate (OMA) hydratase, which catalyzes the conversion of OMA into 4-carboxy-4-hydroxy-2-oxoadipate. The ligJ gene is transcribed in the same direction as ligABC genes and consists of an 1,023-bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide with a molecular mass of 38,008 Da, which is located 73-bp upstream from ligA. The ligJ gene product (LigJ), expressed in Escherichia coli, was purified to near homogeneity and was estimated to be a homodimer (69.5 kDa) by gel filtration chromatography. The isoelectric point was determined to be 4.9, and the optimal temperature is 30 degrees C. The K(m) for OMA and the V(max) were determined to be 138 microM and 440 U/mg, respectively. LigJ activity was inhibited by the addition of thiol reagents, suggesting that some cysteine residue is part of the catalytic site. The ligJ gene disruption in SYK-6 caused the growth defect on and the accumulation of common metabolites from both vanillate and syringate, indicating that the ligJ gene is essential to the degradation of these two compounds. These results indicated that syringate is converted into OMA via 3MGA, and it enters the PCA 4,5-cleavage pathway.
Cell‐cooling in flow cytometry by peltier elements (1986)

We have built a cooling device for cell suspensions in flow cytometry that makes use of the Peltier effect (Barnard RD, Thermo electricity in Metals and Alloys, Taylor and Francis, London; Siemens-Z 34:383-88, 1963). The prototype described here is used for cooling collection tubes during long-duration cell sorting and is capable of maintaining a temperature of 2-5 degrees C in a cell suspension of up to 3 ml. In general, Peltier element-based cooling is useful for equilibrating the temperature of small volumes of fluids. Furthermore, Peltier element-based cooling devices are easy to build and handle.
Proximity assays for sensitive quantification of proteins (2015)

Proximity assays are immunohistochemical tools that utilise two or more DNA-tagged aptamers or antibodies binding in close proximity to the same protein or protein complex. Amplification by PCR or isothermal methods and hybridisation of a labelled probe to its DNA target generates a signal that enables sensitive and robust detection of proteins, protein modifications or protein-protein interactions. Assays can be carried out in homogeneous or solid phase formats and in situ assays can visualise single protein molecules or complexes with high spatial accuracy. These properties highlight the potential of proximity assays in research, diagnostic, pharmacological and many other applications that require sensitive, specific and accurate assessments of protein expression.
Rearrangement of nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP)‐containing structures during apoptosis and transcriptional arrest (2004)

The aim of this paper is to review the data in the literature concerning ribonucleoprotein components during apoptosis, where a major rearrangement of RNPs takes place. In parallel with chromatin changes, the nucleoplasmic constituents (perichromatin fibrils; perichromatin granules; interchromatin granules and nuclear bodies) as well as the nucleoli aggregate into heterogeneous clusters called HERDS, in the interchromatin space. Later, these RNP-containing structures are extruded from the nucleus and leave the cell within cytoplasmic blebs. We propose also a role for HERDS as markers of irreversible transcriptional arrest.
Treatment of Pulmonary Hemangiomatosis with Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2a (1989)

PULMONARY hemangiomatosis is a rare, fatal disorder characterized by diffuse microvascular proliferation within the lung. The disease most often affects children and young adults and usually progresses rapidly, causing death from pulmonary hypertension or bleeding. Most cases have been diagnosed at autopsy. Corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide have been used for this condition, but no successful therapy has been described.We describe a patient with pulmonary hemangiomatosis who presented with digital clubbing and bilateral interstitial pulmonary disease. After a decline in the patient's exercise tolerance, therapy with interferon alfa-2a was initiated and has been continued for 14 months at the time of . . .
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells suppress CD4 T cell activity and prevent the development of type 2 diabetes (2018)

CD4+ T cells play an important role in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is known that T cell responses can be suppressed by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In this study, we aimed to explore the potential role of MDSCs in the progression of T2DM, and to examine whether the underlying mechanism was associated with CD4+ T cells. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from T2DM patients and healthy controls, as well as C57BL6J db/db mice and control heterozygous (db/-) mice. The frequency of MDSCs and CD4+ T cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. Serum levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ were quantified using ELISA kits. Cell proliferation was assessed using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling. In addition, the severity of insulitis was assessed using H&E staining of the pancreata. The data showed an increased frequency of CD11b+/CD33+ MDSCs and CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood of T2DM patients. In addition, there were decreased IL-4 level and increased TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in the serum from T2DM patients. In db/db mice, an increased frequency of CD11b+/Gr-1+ MDSCs and CD4+ T cells was found in splenocytes, as well as in the peripheral blood. MDSCs inhibited the proliferation and modulated the cytokine secretion of CD4+ T cells in vitro and delayed the development of diabetes in NOD/SCID mice. In conclusion, MDSCs suppress CD4+ T cell activity and prevent the development of T2DM.
Plant-like Biosynthetic Pathways in Bacteria:  From Benzoic Acid to Chalcone (2002)

Although phenylpropanoids and flavonoids are common plant natural products, these major classes of biologically active secondary metabolites are largely absent from bacteria. The ubiquitous plant enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) are key biosynthetic catalysts in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid assembly, respectively. Until recently, few bacterial counterparts were known, thus reflecting the dearth of these plant natural products in bacteria. This review highlights our progress on the biochemical and genetic characterization of recently identified streptomycete biosynthetic pathways to benzoic acid and type III polyketide synthase (PKS)-derived products. The sediment-derived bacterium "Streptomyces maritimus" produces benzoyl-CoA in a plant-like manner from phenylalanine involving a PAL-mediated reaction through cinnamic acid during the biosynthesis of the polyketide antibiotic enterocin. All but one of the genes encoding benzoyl-CoA biosynthesis in "S. maritimus" have been cloned, sequenced, and inactivated, providing a model for benzoate biosynthesis not only in this bacterium, but in plants where benzoic acid is an important constituent of many products. The recent discovery that bacteria harbor homodimeric PKSs belonging to the plant CHS superfamily of condensing enzymes has further linked the biosynthetic capabilities of plants and bacteria. A bioinformatics approach led to the prediction that the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) contains up to three type III PKSs. Biochemical analysis of one of the recombinant type III PKSs from S. coelicolor demonstrated activity as a 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene synthase (THNS). A homology model of THNS based upon the known three-dimensional structure of CHS was constructed to explore the structural and mechanistic details of this new subclass of bacterial PKSs.
A valid, accurate, office based non-radioactive test for gastric emptying of solids (2000)

The [(13)C]S platensis breath test and a simple formula using breath (13)CO(2) at baseline, 90, and 180 minutes measured gastric emptying t(1/2) for solids with results that were comparable with scintigraphy.