gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Energy Coupling For Transport of d -Ribose in Escherichia coli (1974)

In Escherichia coli ML 308-225, d-ribose is transported into the cell by a constitutive active transport system of high activity. The activity of this transport system is severely reduced in cells subjected to osmotic shock, and the system is not present in membrane vesicles. The mechanism by which metabolic energy is coupled to transport of ribose was investigated. Substrates which generate adenosine 5'-triphosphate primarily through oxidative phosphorylation are poor energy sources for ribose uptake in DL-54, a mutant of ML 308-225 which lacks activity for the membrane-bound Ca(2+), Mg(2+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase required for oxidative phosphorylation. Arsenate severely inhibits ribose uptake, whereas, under the same conditions, uptake of l-proline is relatively insensitive to arsenate. Anaerobiosis does not significantly inhibit ribose uptake in ML 308-225 or DL-54 when glucose is the energy source. A significant amount of ribose uptake is resistant to uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation such as 2,4-dinitrophenol. These results indicate that the phosphate bond energy of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, rather than an energized membrane state, couples energy to ribose transport in ML 308-225.
2-D Structure of the A Region of Xist RNA and Its Implication for PRC2 Association (2010)

In placental mammals, inactivation of one of the X chromosomes in female cells ensures sex chromosome dosage compensation. The 17 kb non-coding Xist RNA is crucial to this process and accumulates on the future inactive X chromosome. The most conserved Xist RNA region, the A region, contains eight or nine repeats separated by U-rich spacers. It is implicated in the recruitment of late inactivated X genes to the silencing compartment and likely in the recruitment of complex PRC2. Little is known about the structure of the A region and more generally about Xist RNA structure. Knowledge of its structure is restricted to an NMR study of a single A repeat element. Our study is the first experimental analysis of the structure of the entire A region in solution. By the use of chemical and enzymatic probes and FRET experiments, using oligonucleotides carrying fluorescent dyes, we resolved problems linked to sequence redundancies and established a 2-D structure for the A region that contains two long stem-loop structures each including four repeats. Interactions formed between repeats and between repeats and spacers stabilize these structures. Conservation of the spacer terminal sequences allows formation of such structures in all sequenced Xist RNAs. By combination of RNP affinity chromatography, immunoprecipitation assays, mass spectrometry, and Western blot analysis, we demonstrate that the A region can associate with components of the PRC2 complex in mouse ES cell nuclear extracts. Whilst a single four-repeat motif is able to associate with components of this complex, recruitment of Suz12 is clearly more efficient when the entire A region is present. Our data with their emphasis on the importance of inter-repeat pairing change fundamentally our conception of the 2-D structure of the A region of Xist RNA and support its possible implication in recruitment of the PRC2 complex.
Induction of arthritis with monoclonal antibodies to collagen (1992)

mAb were developed from DBA/1 mice immunized with chick type II collagen. A total of 69 IgG antibodies was isolated and characterized. The majority (36%) reacted with a CNBr-derived peptide CB11 previously identified as containing a major immunogenic and arthritogenic epitope(s). Seven of the antibodies reactive with CB11 crossreacted strongly with mouse type II collagen. These were administered to DBA/1 mice in an attempt to induce arthritis. Individual antibodies were able to induce mild lesions consisting of minimal synovial proliferation but not overt arthritis. However, a combination of antibodies induced severe arthritis with marked destruction of articular cartilage. The minimal effective combination consisted of three antibodies. Arthritis developed within 48 to 72 h after injection of the antibodies and persisted for the duration of the observation period of 3 wk. Antibody levels were measured at intervals and persisted for the 3 wk observation period although at diminishing levels. Competitive binding assays demonstrated that each of the effective antibodies bound independently suggesting that some spatial or quantitative relationship was important possibly related to their ability to activate complement.
Formaldehyde Emissions: Hardwood Plywood and Certain Wood-Based Panel Products (1986)

Hardwood plywood products are decorative in nature and are designed for interior use. Over 95% of all hardwood plywood is made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives. Responding to concerns about formaldehyde and certain wood products, test methods for measuring surface emissions were developed in the early 1980's. Emissions from most hardwood plywood and particleboard products have decreased 65% to 95% in recent years primarily by use of low emitting UF adhesives and/or scavengers. Good correlation has been demonstrated between product test methods and indoor levels of formaldehyde in experimental manufactured homes. Decorative surface finishes can act to either increase or decrease surface emissions, depending on the nature of the finish and the substrate.
Intracoronary Radiotherapy for Restenosis (2001)

On November 3, 2000, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval for two devices that deliver intracoronary radiotherapy for in-stent restenosis. Given this approval, it is possible that there will be widespread dissemination of this technique before its safety and efficacy have been established. Before interventional cardiologists wholeheartedly embrace this new technology, it should receive a thorough and unbiased assessment by impartial parties.1 More than 500,000 percutaneous coronary revascularization procedures are performed each year in North America.2 Restenosis occurs in 30 to 40 percent of patients within six months after balloon angioplasty and in 20 to 30 percent of . . .
Cross-Reactivity between Autoimmune Anti-Ul snRNP Antibodies and Neutralizing Epitopes of HIV-1 gp 120/41 (1994)

We report extensive amino acid sequence homology between HIV-1 gp120/41, and > 33% of a U1 RNA-associated splicing protein, 70K. The latter is a target of autoimmune anti-RNP antibodies in mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). The homologies, involving dominant epitopes of 70K and neutralizing epitopes of gp120/41, are the basis for mutual antibody cross-reactivity. A key finding is that the epitope GRAFVTIG in the V3 loop of gp120 (strain IIIB) is homologous to the functionally essential U1 RNA-binding site of 70K. ELISA data reveal a mean reactivity of anti-RNP antibodies to V3 IIIB that is as high as that of HIV sera. V3 MN, containing the framework sequence G-AF-T, also cross-reacts with anti-RNP antibodies, as do hydrophilic epitopes in gp41 homologous to the COOH end of 70K. Further, there is strong cross-reactivity between HIV sera and 70K in Western blots. In contrast, antibodies from a related autoimmune disorder, Sjögren's syndrome (SS), are neither V3 nor gp41 selective. We conclude that the substantial cross-reactivities reported here are due to conserved, antigenically dominant B cell epitopes having homologous counterparts in 70K and gp120/41. Because antibody production in both MCTD and HIV-1 infection is T cell dependent, the results imply that common T cell clones are also activated in these two disease paradigms. Further exploration of the mechanisms that activate these clones, and that control their divergent fates in MCTD and AIDS, may provide new insights into immune dysregulation in HIV infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Functional capsule membranes. Part 31. Polymerizable lipid-corked capsule membranes. Polymerization at different positions of corking lipid bilayers on the capsule and effect of polymerization on permeation behavior (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFunctional capsule membranes. Part 31. Polymerizable lipid-corked capsule membranes. Polymerization at different positions of corking lipid bilayers on the capsule and effect of polymerization on permeation behaviorYoshio. Okahata, Katsuhiko. Ariga, and Takahiro. SekiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 8, 2495–2500Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00216a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00216a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coalescence of RAGE in Lipid Rafts in Response to Cytolethal Distending Toxin-Induced Inflammation (2019)

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) interacts with various molecules in the cell membrane to induce an inflammatory response. The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) produced by <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> contains three subunits: CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC. Amongst, CdtA and CdtC interact with membrane lipid rafts, by which CdtB enters the nucleus to induce pathogenesis. In this study, we first explored the relationships between RAGE, lipid rafts, and inflammation in gastrointestinal epithelial cells exposed to CDT. Our results showed that CDT activated the expression of RAGE and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), followed by the recruitment of RAGE into lipid rafts. In contrast, RAGE antagonist inhibited CDT-induced inflammation via the RAGE-HMGB1 axis. Disruption of lipid rafts decreased CDT-induced downstream signaling, which in turn attenuated the inflammatory response. Furthermore, <i>in vivo</i> studies revealed severe inflammation and upregulation of RAGE and IL-1β in the intestinal tissues of CDT-treated mice. These results demonstrate that mobilization of RAGE to lipid rafts plays a crucial role in CDT-induced inflammation.
Regulatory role of osteogenic growth peptide in proliferation, osteogenesis, and hemopoiesis. (1995)

Bone marrow regeneration after injury is preceded by local and systemic osteogenic reactions. Recently, an osteogenic growth peptide was characterized in the regenerating marrow. The osteogenic growth peptide also is abundant in normal serum where it is markedly and transiently increased after marrow injury. This increase and the osteogenic growth peptide-induced stimulation of bone formation in vivo suggest a role for this peptide in mediating the systemic osteogenic response. In vitro, the osteogenic growth peptide is an autocrine mitogen for osteoblastic and fibroblastic cells. It also stimulates alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization. The serum osteogenic growth peptide is downregulated in osteoporotic ovariectomized mice. The osteogenic growth peptide levels as well as the bone loss, tetracycline uptake, and serum osteocalcin are reversed by exogenously administered osteogenic growth peptide. In normal mice, the osteogenic growth peptide increases white blood cell counts and total femoral bone marrow cellularity. These increases include all the hemopoietic lineages. When given to mice for 1 week before ablative radiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, synthetic osteogenic growth peptide stimulates the bone marrow transplant engraftment; optimal osteogenic growth peptide doses doubled the survival rate. These data indicate that osteogenic growth peptide has an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of systemic bone loss and provide a basis for further development of an antiosteoporotic osteogenic growth peptide therapy. It is suggested also that the osteogenic growth peptide promotes hemopoiesis secondary to the stimulation of the stromal (particularly osseous) microenvironment.
Gaussian beam shaping based on multimode interference (2010)

Laser beam transformation utilizing the effect of multimode interference in multimode (MM) optical fiber is thoroughly investigated. When a Gaussian beam is launched to an MM fiber, multiple eigenmodes of the MM fiber are excited. Due to interference of the excited modes, optical fields that vary with the MM fiber length and the signal wavelength are generated at the output facet of the MM fiber. Diffractive propagation of these confined fields can yield various desired intensity profiles in free space. Our calculations show that, an input fundamental Gaussian beam can be transformed to frequently desired beams including top-hat, donut-shaped, taper-shaped, and low-divergence Bessel-like within either the Fresnel or the Fraunhofer diffraction range, or even in both ranges. Experiments on a monothic fiber beam transformers consisting of a short piece of MM fiber (~ 10 mm long) and a single-mode signal delivery fiber were carried out. The experimental results indicate the functionality and high versatility of this simple fiber device. The performance of this fiber device can be easily and widely manipulated through parameters including the ratio between the core diameters of the SM and MM fiber segments and the length of the MM fiber segment. In addition, the intensity profile of the output beam can be controlled by tuning the signal wavelength even after the fiber device is fabricated. Most importantly, this technique is highly compatible with the technology of high power fiber lasers and amplifiers and fiber delivery systems.
Human T cells targeted with anti-T3 cross-linked to antitumor antibody prevent tumor growth in nude mice. (1987)

Abstract Human peripheral blood T cells were tested for the ability to prevent tumor growth in nude mice when targeted with anti-T3 cross-linked to antitumor antibodies. LS174T human colon adenocarcinoma cells were mixed with human PBL coated either with anti-T3 (Fab) cross-linked to 315F6 (Fab) (an antitumor monoclonal antibody) or with no antibody, and were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. Tumor growth was totally inhibited at effector to target (E:T) ratios of 7.0:1 and 2.1:1, and was partially inhibited at 0.7:1 with antibody-coated PBL, but was not inhibited by uncoated PBL. T cell-mediated protection against tumor growth occurred when an antitumor was physically cross-linked to anti-T3. Neither a mixture of unlinked anti-T3 and antitumor antibodies nor anti-human MHC class I cross-linked to antitumor antibody prevented tumor growth. Whereas in vitro cytotoxicity was mediated exclusively by T8+ cells and was augmented by brief exposure of effector cells to IL 2, tumor neutralization in vivo was mediated by both T4+ and T8+ cells and was not significantly stimulated by prior exposure of the cells to IL 2. We conclude that human T cells, when targeted with appropriate antibody heteroaggregates, can specifically inhibit tumor growth at low E:T ratios, and that cells mediating tumor neutralization in vivo may differ from those mediating cytotoxicity in vitro.
Signal transducers and activators of transcription as regulators of growth, apoptosis and breast development (2000)

STAT transcription factors were discovered 10 years ago as mediators of interferon-induced gene expression. They now form an important group, comprising seven members, that are activated by virtually every cytokine and growth factor. Their critical role in development and normal cell signaling has been largely determined through the analysis of transgenic mice lacking individual STAT genes. In addition, cell culture work has further delineated their importance in cellular transformation, apoptosis, differentiation and growth control. This review discusses the specific phenotypes of STAT-deficient animals with a focus on STAT5 and STAT3, as these two STAT molecules are required for normal breast development and involution, respectively, and may play an important role in breast carcinogenesis.
Effects of vasopressin on the circulation and its baroreflex control in healthy men. (1986)

Information on the hemodynamic effects of vasopressin (AVP) in healthy humans is very limited despite its known importance in body fluid homeostasis and release in pathologic states such as hemorrhage and trauma. Although it is a potent vasoconstrictor in vitro, it does not cause the expected rise in arterial pressure when given systemically to animals with intact baroreflexes. It has been proposed that this is because AVP facilitates baroreflex control of the circulation. In this study, we assessed the effect of infusion of AVP on resting circulatory variables and on the baroreflex control of forearm vascular resistance and heart rate in healthy men. AVP in a dose of 0.4 ng/kg/min, which raised plasma level of AVP to 24 +/- 4 pg/ml, a value known to have a significant antidiuretic effect, had little hemodynamic effect, producing only mild bradycardia and a slight increase in central venous pressure. Reflex changes in heart rate during neck suction (-15 and -30 mm Hg) and neck pressure (+15 and +30 mm Hg) were not altered. Reflex responses to lower body negative pressure and to its release were also unchanged by this dose of AVP. In contrast, a higher dose of AVP (4 ng/kg/min), which raised plasma levels to 290 +/- 41 pg/ml, a concentration known to occur as a result of hemorrhagic hypotension and circulatory stresses, did cause hemodynamic changes. There was tachycardia (from 63 +/- 2 to 68 +/- 2 beats/min), a decrease in pulse pressure (from 62 +/- 2 to 53 +/- 2 mm Hg), an increase in central venous pressure (from 2.6 +/- 0.5 to 4.1 +/- 0.4 mm Hg), and surprisingly in view of the known vasoconstrictor effect of AVP, an increase in forearm flow (from 4.4 +/- 0.7 to 5.9 +/- 1.2 ml/min/100 ml tissue) and a decrease in forearm vascular resistance (from 24 +/- 4 to 18 +/- 3 U); there was no significant change in mean arterial pressure (from 83 +/- 2 to 83 +/- 3 mm Hg). Reflex changes in heart rate were unaltered. The maximal vasoconstrictor response in the forearm attained during lower body negative pressure was not influenced by AVP, but the reflex vasodilator response to the sudden release of lower body negative pressure was significantly augmented, vascular resistance falling to 23 +/- 4 U before and 13 +/- 2 U during AVP. The unanticipated findings in this study include the biphasic changes in heart rate with increasing doses of AVP, the absence of a pressor response, and the vasodilatation in forearm vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Effect of Perioperative Intravenous Lidocaine Administration on Pain, Opioid Consumption, and Quality of Life after Complex Spine Surgery (2013)

IV lidocaine significantly improves postoperative pain after complex spine surgery.
Abstract IA27: Advances in oligonucleotide chemistry for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and brain tumors (2016)

Abstract RNA interference has revolutionized human functional genomics and therapeutics, but its impact on the development of new therapies for cancer has been surprisingly limited, due mainly to the lack of simple and efficient methods to deliver oligonucleotides to tumors, especially those located in the brain. Our research shows that many cell types, including tumor, glial and neuronal, rapidly internalize fully stabilized, hydrophobically modified siRNAs (hsiRNAs) added directly to the culture medium and that hsiRNAs induce potent and long-lasting silencing in vitro. A single injection of unformulated hsiRNA (cholesterol-conjugated) into mouse brain silences locally with great potency and longevity in primary tumor, glial and neuronal cells. Limited distribution from the site of administration interferes with addressing metastasis, thus limiting the clinical utility to treatment of primary tumors only. Using fully chemically modified siRNA scaffolds, we systematically screened a wide range of bioactive conjugates and demonstrated that the chemical nature of the conjugation modality has a major impact on brain tissue retention, distribution and selectivity of cellular uptake. We have identified several novel chemical classes of conjugates that demonstrate markedly improved brain distribution and robust in vivo efficacy, with some showing selective tumor, glia or neuronal uptake. Direct conjugation of a fully chemically modified siRNA to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most abundant poly-unsaturated fatty acid in the brain, results in improved tissue retention with wide distribution and robust efficacy in the striatum and cortex after a single injection. Most importantly, DHA-hsiRNA conjugates do not induce neural cell death or measurable innate immune activation following the administration of concentrations 20-fold over the efficacious dose. Interestingly, variants of DHA-based conjugates support preferential delivery to glia cells, establishing a new approach toward targeted development of RNAi-based therapeutics for glioblastomas and other glia-associated cancers. Citation Format: Anastasia Khvorova. Advances in oligonucleotide chemistry for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and brain tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer: Mechanisms to Medicines ; 2015 Dec 4-7; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA27.
Toward peptide receptor ligand drugs: Progress on nonpeptides (1993)

The goal of this chapter is to review the rapid progress that has recently been made toward developing selective peptide receptor ligands with appropriate properties to be drug molecules. Essentially all of these agents are novel, small molecule, nonpeptide compounds. With the exception of the opioid receptor agonists and antagonists, most of the ligands to be discussed have been discovered within the last ten years. In the three year period since this author last reviewed this field [1], new discoveries have been numerous. This chapter will attempt to highlight key representative nonpeptide ligands for peptide receptors to illustrate the structural diversity as well as relationships across receptor classes. Somewhat greater emphasis will be placed on cholecystokinin antagonists since this field has served as a prototype for much of the recent progress. As much as possible, the scientific literature through the middle of 1992 will be covered. Patent literature has mostly not been included.