gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Extended Event Graph With Negative Places and Tokens for Time Window Constraints (2005)

We introduce places with negative holding times and tokens with negative token counts into a timed event graph in order to model and analyze time window constraints. We extend the enabling and firing rules for such an extended event graph named a negative event graph (NEG). We develop necessary and sufficient conditions based on the circuits for which the NEG is live, that is, an infinite sequence of feasible firing epochs exist for each transition. We prove that the minimum cycle time is the same as the maximum circuit ratio of the circuits with positive token counts. We also show that when there exists circuits with negative token counts, the maximum cycle time is bounded and the same as the minimum circuit ratio of such circuits. A scheduling example for a robot-based cluster tool with wafer residency time constraints for semiconductor manufacturing is explained. Note to Practitioners-Scheduling and control problems for modern man-made systems, including automated manufacturing systems such as cluster tools for semiconductor manufacturing, microcircuits, and real-time software systems, are usually modeled as discrete event systems. Such systems often have strict time constraints on timings of some events. Our results can be used for identifying whether there can be a feasible schedule that satisfies all time constraints, computing the range of the feasible cycle times, and determining a steady schedule with the minimum cycle time. By using the feasibility condition, we also can accommodate the system configuration, the task times, and the task sequence so that the system can satisfy the time constraints while meeting the target cycle time. Such practice is already used for real cluster tool engineering. We have more results on implementing a real-time scheduler and controller for time constrained systems.
Cytokine-dependent abortion in CBA x DBA/2 mice is mediated by the procoagulant fgl2 prothrombinase [correction of prothombinase]. (1998)

Spontaneous resorption in the CBA x DBA/2 model is attributed to NK cells, macrophages, and Th1-type cytokines. In vivo depletion of NK cells by anti-asialoGM1 Ab or macrophage depletion by silicon dioxide treatment reduced abortion rates, which could no longer be boosted by injecting TNF-alpha (which activates NK cells) or IFN-gamma (which activates macrophages). TNF-alpha + gamma-IFN coadministration aborted >80% of the embryos whether or not NK cells or macrophages had been depleted or estradiol + progesterone was injected to correct potential reduction in ovarian function by cytokines. The cytokines also aborted IRF1+/+ C57BL/6 but not IRF1-/- females pregnant by IRF1+/+ DBA/2. Both spontaneous and cytokine-boosted abortions in CBA x DBA/2 were blocked by Ab to fgl2 prothrombinase [corrected] expressed by cytokine-stimulated vascular endothelial cells and monocytes; in vivo Ab depletion of granulocytes also prevented TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma-induced abortions. Cytokine-triggered thrombotic/inflammatory processes in maternal uteroplacental blood vessels causes abortion.
[Experimental data on the morphogenesis of the spinal compression syndrome in congenital scoliosis]. (1989)

The authors have made a roentgenologic and histologic study of the preparations of the vertebral columns of 13 rats with congenital scoliosis born to the rats who had been administered a teratogenic drug (6-merkaptopurin) during their pregnancy. In part of the rats the spinal deformations were accompanied by pathologic changes in the vertebrae and in the discs and by an abrupt narrowing (flattening) of the vertebral canal which caused disturbance in the blood flow in the mater spinalis, edema and sclerosis of the epidural space, hypoxia of the neurons, atrophy and glial and cicatrix substitution of the spinal cord tissue in the area of the curvature. The observed clinical picture of the compression spinal syndrome (posterior paraparesis with disturbed functions of the organs of the pelvis) reminded of similar disturbances in the patients with severe congenital kyphoscoliosis.
The 1991 Ulf von Euler Lecture:Thel‐arginine: nitric oxide pathway (1992)

‘We must always guard the liberties of the mind and remember that some degree of heresy is often a sign of health in spiritual life.’ U. S. von Euler, Circulation , 26 (1962), 1233.
Retargeting of bile salt export pump and favorable outcome in children with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (2015)

De novo or retargeted canalicular expression of BSEP occurs in treatment responders; children with late-onset presentation, lower ALT, and intracellular BSEP expression are likely to respond, at least transiently, to nontransplant treatment.
Compiling for an indirect vector register architecture (2008)

The iVMX architecture contains a novel vector register file of up to 4096 vector registers accessed indirectly via a mapping mechanism, providing compatibility with the VMX architecture, and potential for dramatic performance benefits [7]. The large number of vector registers and the unique indirection mechanism pose compilation challenges to be used efficiently: the indirection mechanism emphasizes spatial locality of registers and interaction among destination and source operands during register allocation, and the many vector registers call for aggressive automatic vectorization.
Separation and determination of glycolipids from edible plant sources by high‐performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light‐scattering detection (1999)

Glycolipids from edible plant sources were accurately quantified by silica-based, normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using an evaporative light-scattering detector. Five major glycolipid classes (acylated steryl glucoside, steryl glucoside, ceramide monohexoside, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol) were separated and determined with a binary gradient system consisting of chloroform and methanol/water (95:5, vol/vol) without any interference from other lipid classes and pigments. The described method was applied to 48 edible plants available in Japan including cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruits. Examined plant species contained glycolipids in wide concentration ranges, such as 5-645 mg/100 g tissue.
Proliferation of blastomeres from biopsied cleavage stage human embryos in vitro: an alternative to blastocyst biopsy for preimplantation diagnosis (1995)

Normally fertilized human embryos were biopsied at cleavage stages on the third day after in-vitro fertilization (IVF). One or two blastomeres at the 8-cell stage were removed and co-cultured with the biopsied embryos. Embryos and blastomeres were assessed daily for morphological development until day 6, when the number of cells were counted by labelling the nuclei. In all, 53% of the biopsied embryos (25 out of 47) reached the blastocyst stage between day 5 and 6 and the proportion was the same irrespective of the number of cells removed. There was no significant difference between biopsied embryos from which one or two blastomeres respectively had been removed with regard to total cell numbers at the blastocyst stage (56.2 +/- 3.0 and 64.7 +/- 5.5), number of trophectoderm (45.4 +/- 3.5 and 44.0 +/- 5.7) and inner cell mass cells (14.0 +/- 1.2 and 16.6 +/- 1.8). Overall, 72% of the isolated blastomers divided at least once over 3 days in culture and 50% divided more than once. The mean overall cell number after 3 days in culture was 3.7 +/- 0.48 per blastomere (range 1-8 cells) if one cell was removed and 6.9 +/- 1.0 if two cells were removed. If the undivided blastomeres are excluded, the mean cell number was 4.8 +/- 0.51 and 8.3 +/- 1.0 respectively. Over this period, 55% of the blastomeres cavitated. Of the blastomeres taken from embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage, 92% divided and 76% cavitated. In those from arrested embryos, 50% divided (P < 0.002) and 32% cavitated (P < 0.003).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In Vivo Model for the Evaluation of Topical Antiallergic Medications (1984)

A novel human in vivo model of intranasal challenge with antigen is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of a topical antirelease drug. Previous experimentation has established a highly significant correlation between the physiologic response of sneezing, which occurs after insufflation of antigen into the nose of allergic individuals, and the recovery of putative mast cell mediators: histamine, tosyl arginine methyl ester (TAME)-esterase(s), and prostaglandin D2- Azatadine base, a tricyclic antihistamine, which also inhibits mediator release in vitro, applied prior to antigen administration not only reduces the clinical symptom of sneezing but simultaneously reduces the concentration of the inflammatory mediator, TAME-esterase(s), recovered from nasal washes. To our knowledge, this is the first observation that an antirelease drug can stop mediator release in vivo in the nose.
Case Evaluating Acid Stimulated Multilayered Well Performance in Offshore Carbonate Reservoir: Bombay High (2014)

Production trends in the carbonate reservoir systems vary due to a wide array of complexities: substantial reservoir heterogeneity produced fluid type, fluid driving mechanism and other factors that affect hydrocarbon flow through the reservoir to the well bore. Due to these complexities, stimulation techniques achieving diversion to increase the coverage are inculcated to optimize the production and recovery. The paper provides case study of the offshore Bombay High Oil Field carbonate reservoir with multilayered lithology which possesses a permeability range of 5–500mD, temperatures that reach 116°C and an interval length of 26m perforating three pay zones, characterized by dual porosity and permeability, vugs and open fractures of varying apertures affecting the flow type and increased maturity of the fields causing a decrease in the reservoir pressure which gradually declined the well's productivity affecting recovery optimization. Significant multiphase acid stimulation was designed with Viscoelastic Diverting Acid (VDA) technique for higher injecting rate operations based on rheological behavior in accordance with the complex porosity/permeability profile obtained by LWD measurements and images. The paper includes the pre- and post- Viscoelastic Diverting Acid treatment plots of the field along with the production performance data with Productivity Indices (PI) of the well calculated showing consequential results in the reservoir performances in affect with the stimulation. The objective of the paper is to compare the percentage change in pre- and post- stimulated performance of the well covering the lithological complexities of the field, design and post treatment evaluation and showcase other critical areas of acid stimulation In multilayered well.
ABSTRACT: Natural Sites of Bio-Conversion of CO2 and Hydrocarbons in the Subsurface: San Juan Basin and Michigan Basin (2001)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Antibody response in Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia - a prospective study (1998)

Formation of serum antibodies against alpha-toxin, teichoic acid and lipase was followed in 63 patients with Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia in 240 consecutive serum samples. Control subjects comprised 23 patients with septicaemia due to other causes and 21 febrile patients without septicaemia. An antibody response against alpha-toxin, measured by ELISA, was most common (40%) in the initial serum, but antibody to teichoic acid was present in the highest number of positive patients (60%) when samples were drawn between 0 and 30 days: 74% of the patients showed a positive antibody response to at least one of the three antigens. When complicated versus uncomplicated septicaemia was compared (samples taken 8-14 days), 14 (45%) of 31 patients had a positive response against alpha-toxin versus 12 (75%) of 16, against teichoic acid 16 (51%) of 31 versus 12 (75%) of 16 and against lipase 15 (48%) of 31 versus 8 (50%) of 16. Patients with low initial antibody levels displayed a poorer antibody response than those with higher initial antibody levels. This phenomenon was observed with all three antigens, but was most pronounced with alpha-toxin. The initial antibody levels may predict the antibody response during the course of the disease. ELISA titres against alpha-toxin correlated (r=0.87) with biological neutralising activity of the antisera. The results may indicate a biological role of serum antibodies in staphylococcal septicaemia.
Findings of the 2013 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (2013)

Ondřej Bojar, Rajen Chatterjee, Christian Federmann, Barry Haddow, Matthias Huck, Chris Hokamp, Philipp Koehn, Varvara Logacheva, Christof Monz, Matteo Negri, Matt Post, Carolina Scarton, Lucia Specia, Marco Turchi. Proceedings of the Tenth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation. 2015.
Ultimate Limits to Intercalation Reactions for Lithium Batteries (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTUltimate Limits to Intercalation Reactions for Lithium BatteriesM. Stanley Whittingham*View Author Information NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 23, 11414–11443Publication Date (Web):October 29, 2014Publication History Received5 June 2014Published online29 October 2014Published inissue 10 December 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr5003003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5003003review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20251Altmetric-Citations925LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrochemical cells,Lattices,Lithium,Materials,Transition metals Get e-Alerts
Smart Hydrogel Particles:  Biomarker Harvesting:  One-Step Affinity Purification, Size Exclusion, and Protection against Degradation (2007)

Disease-associated blood biomarkers exist in exceedingly low concentrations within complex mixtures of high-abundance proteins such as albumin. We have introduced an affinity bait molecule into N-isopropylacrylamide to produce a particle that will perform three independent functions within minutes, in one step, in solution: (a) molecular size sieving, (b) affinity capture of all solution-phase target molecules, and (c) complete protection of harvested proteins from enzymatic degradation. The captured analytes can be readily electroeluted for analysis.
Costimulation blockade and tolerance (2002)

Transplantation has become a routine therapy for end-stage organ disease. Despite improvements in patient and allograft outcomes, chronic rejection and the complications from lifelong immunosuppressive therapy remain significant problems. The induction of transplantation tolerance, indefinite allograft acceptance independent of chronic immunosuppressive therapy, remains the ultimate ambition in transplantation. Recent advances in immunobiology have described costimulatory pathways that are critical for T-cell function. Numerous tolerance strategies have incorporated agents designed to manipulate these pathways. Although new molecules continue to be described, their use alone has failed to promote lasting tolerance. The use of costimulation blockade in nonmyelosuppressive mixed chimerism strategies has emerged as one of the most promising strategies thus far.
Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Whole Organ Engineering (2013)

End-stage organ failure is a devastating problem with limited therapeutic options. The definitive treatment is orthotropic transplantation, however, there exists a severe shortage of viable donor organs, and this shortage is worsening with an aging demographic and as the number of new cases of organ failure increases. Patients fortunate enough to receive a transplant are required to receive immunosuppressive therapies and can face transplant rejection. The emerging concept of organ engineering may offer a new hope for these patients. Researchers in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are using three-dimensional whole organ scaffolds composed of allogeneic or xenogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) for engineering functional tissue suitable for transplantation. Perfusion decellularization is an approach that generates native ECM scaffolds with intact 3D anatomical architecture and vasculature. Decellularized organs provide the ideal transplantable scaffold with all the necessary microstructure and extracellular cues for cell attachment, differentiation, vascularization, and function. The present manuscript will review the role of the ECM in normal development, the concept of ECM tissue specificity, and the effect of processing methods on eventual clinical outcomes. An overview of existing challenges and future directions will also be discussed.
Solvent Accelerated Polymer Diffusion in Thin Films (2005)

We have investigated the absorption of cyclohexane vapor into polystyrene films and the resulting polymer interdiffusion that is enabled by this process. The swelling of films due to solvent absorption was relatively insensitive to the film thickness or polymer molecular weight but increased with increasing temperature. The interdiffusion enabled by absorbed solvent was examined in multilayered films comprising alternating layers of deuteriopolystyrene (dPS) and hydrogenous polystyrene (hPS). Deuterium concentration gradients were measured in dry films following exposure to cyclohexane vapor at controlled temperatures and times to establish the relationship between the coefficient of solvent accelerated interdiffusion, D*, and (i) Mw of hPS, (ii) Mw of both hPS and dPS, (iii) temperature, and (iv) film thickness. Scaling relationships were established for D* as a function of molecular weight. D* ∼ Mw-1 for increasing hPS molecular weight for Mw(hPS) < Mw(dPS) and was independent of Mw(hPS) for Mw(hPS) > Mw(dPS). This indicates that the lower molecular weight polymer, in keeping with predictions of “fast-mode” diffusion theory, dominates the rate of interdiffusion. When both dPS and hPS molecular weights were increased simultaneously, the interdiffusion coefficient scaled with Mw-1.8. A marked increase in D* with increasing solvent temperature was observed, consistent with the temperature dependence of film swelling. A strong and unexpected correlation between D* and total film thickness was found. This effect was attributed to prolonged solvent retention in thicker films following exposure to solvent vapor.
Effects of Growth Hormone and Thyroxine on Thymulin Secretion in Aging Rats (1993)

It is well-established that the activity of the endocrine thymus is under neuroendocrine control. In particular, growth hormone (GH) and thyroxine (T4) have been shown to be capable of reconstituting thymus function in hormone-deficient animals. It was therefore of interest to assess the effect of combined administration of ovine GH (0.1 mg/100 g BW/day) and T4 (10 micrograms/100 g BW/day) on serum thymulin levels in young (5 months), old (21 months) and senescent (29-30 months) male Sprague-Dawley rats. Age-matched controls received 0.1 mg bovine serum albumin/100 g BW daily during the same period (14 days). Prolactin (Prl), GH, T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured in serum by radioimmunoassay, whereas serum thymulin was determined by rosette bioassay. As expected, GH and T4 were lower in the old and senescent controls whereas serum Prl displayed a slight age-related increase. No age changes were detected in serum T3. Hormone-treated animals showed supraphysiologic levels of both T4 and T3, but serum levels were comparable among the three treated age groups for each thyroid hormone. Endogenous GH levels were moderately elevated in the treated rats. In the control rats serum thymulin showed a marked reduction from 5 to 21 months of age but no further reduction was observed between 21 and 29-30 months. Hormone treatment induced a mean relative increase (% increase relative to age-matched controls) in serum thymulin of 44, 38 and 48% in young, old and senescent rats, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The M2–2 protein of human respiratory syncytial virus is a regulatory factor involved in the balance between RNA replication and transcription (1999)

The M2 mRNA of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) contains two overlapping ORFs, encoding the transcription antitermination protein (M2-1) and the 90-aa M2-2 protein of unknown function. Viable recombinant RSV was recovered in which expression of M2-2 was ablated, identifying it as an accessory factor dispensable for growth in vitro. Virus lacking M2-2 grew less efficiently than did the wild-type parent in vitro, with titers that were reduced 1, 000-fold during the initial 2-5 days and 10-fold by days 7-8. Compared with wild-type virus, the intracellular accumulation of RNA by M2-2 knockout virus was reduced 3- to 4-fold or more for genomic RNA and increased 2- to 4-fold or more for mRNA. Synthesis of the F and G glycoproteins, the major RSV neutralization and protective antigens, was increased in proportion with that of mRNA. In cells infected with wild-type RSV, mRNA accumulation increased dramatically up to approximately 12-15 hr after infection and then leveled off, whereas accumulation continued to increase in cells infected with the M2-2 knockout viruses. These findings suggest that M2-2 mediates a regulatory "switch" from transcription to RNA replication, one that provides an initial high level of mRNA synthesis followed by a shift in the RNA synthetic program in favor of genomic RNA for virion assembly. With regard to vaccine development, the M2-2 knockout has a highly desirable phenotype in which virus growth is attenuated while gene expression is concomitantly increased.