gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a developmentally regulated septin and involvement of the septins in spore formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1996)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC3, CDC10, CDC11, and CDC12 genes encode a family of related proteins, the septins, which are involved in cell division and the organization of the cell surface during vegetative growth. A search for additional S. cerevisiae septin genes using the polymerase chain reaction identified SPR3, a gene that had been identified previously on the basis of its sporulation-specific expression. The predicted SPR3 product shows 25-40% identity in amino acid sequence to the previously known septins from S. cerevisiae and other organisms. Immunoblots confirmed the sporulation-specific expression of Spr3p and showed that other septins are also present at substantial levels in sporulating cells. Consistent with the expression data, deletion of SPR3 in either of two genetic backgrounds had no detectable effect on exponentially growing cells. In one genetic background, deletion of SPR3 produced a threefold reduction in sporulation efficiency, although meiosis appeared to be completed normally. In this background, deletion of CDC10 had no detectable effect on sporulation. In the other genetic background tested, the consequences of the two deletions were reversed. Immunofluorescence observations suggest that Spr3p, Cdc3p, and Cdc11p are localized to the leading edges of the membrane sacs that form near the spindle-pole bodies and gradually extend to engulf the nuclear lobes that contain the haploid chromosome sets, thus forming the spores. Deletion of SPR3 does not prevent the localization of Cdc3p and Cdc11p, but these proteins appear to be less well organized, and the intensity of their staining is reduced. Taken together, the results suggest that the septins play important but partially redundant roles during the process of spore formation.
Anti-1,3-diols by Addition of Dialkylzinc Reagents to 4-Acetoxy-1,3-dioxanes (1999)

Dialkylzincs couple with 4-acetoxy-6-alkyl-1,3-dioxanes in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate (TMSOTf) to form trans-4,6-dialkyl-1,3-dioxanes with excellent diastereoselectivities. These dioxanes could be deprotected to yield anti-1,3-diols. A variety of functional groups are tolerated in the dialkylzinc, although silyl and benzyl ethers led to diminished diastereoselectivities. Substituents at the C5-position of the dioxane ring have little effect on the selectivity, while small C2 (acetal) substituents led to slightly reduced diastereoselectivity. These couplings work best with cyclic acetals, which can be difficult to hydrolyze. The 4-(benzyloxy)butanal (BOB) acetal has been developed as a new cyclic acetal protecting group that is compatible with dialkylzinc coupling reactions. BOB protecting groups are easily removed by catalytic hydrogenation followed by mild acid hydrolysis.
The traveller and emerging infections: sentinel, courier, transmitter (2003)

The movement of populations shapes the patterns and distribution of infectious diseases globally. The consequences of travel are seen in the traveller and in places and populations visited and may persist long after travel. The traveller can be seen as an interactive biological unit who picks up, processes, carries and drops off microbial genetic material. A traveller can introduce potential pathogens in the absence of signs or symptoms of illness. Travellers can serve as a sentinel population; study of them can provide insights into the presence and level of risk of transmission of infections in other geographical regions. Travellers can also be seen as couriers who inadvertently ferry pathogens and microbial genetic material to regions where researchers can carry out detailed analyses that can help to map the location and movement of strains, genotypes and resistance patterns. The laboratory plays a key role in the identification and characterization of pathogens, which can inform management of individual patients and the public health response. The connectedness and mobility in the world today facilitate the emergence of infectious diseases in humans and also in animals and plants. Many traditional barriers have been breached by travel, roads and technology. Population size and density favour spread of many infections. The rapid generation time of microbes and their capacity to adapt to changes in the physico-chemical and immunological environment will pose continuing challenges.
Redirecting Apoptosis to Aponecrosis Induces Selective Cytotoxicity to Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Increased ROS, Decline in ATP Levels, and VDAC (2013)

Pancreatic cancer cell lines with mutated ras underwent an alternative form of cell death (aponecrosis) when treated concomitantly with clinically achievable concentrations of arsenic trioxide, ascorbic acid, and disulfiram (Antabuse; AAA). AAA's major effects are mediated through generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and more than 50% decline in intracellular ATP. N-acetyl cysteine and a superoxide dismutase mimetic prevented aponecrosis and restored intracellular ATP levels. DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2, 2' disulfonic acid), the pan- Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel (VDAC), -1, 2, 3 inhibitor and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to VDAC-1 blocked cell death and ROS accumulation. In vivo exposure of AAA led to a 62% reduction in mean tumor size and eliminated tumors in 30% of nude mice with PANC-1 xenografts. We concluded that early caspase-independent apoptosis was shifted to VDAC-mediated "targeted" aponecrosis by the addition of disulfiram to arsenic trioxide and ascorbic acid. Conceptually, this work represents a paradigm shift where switching from apoptosis to aponecrosis death pathways, also known as targeted aponecrosis, could be utilized to selectively kill pancreatic cancer cells resistant to apoptosis.
Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study of Catheter-Based Myocardial Gene Transfer for Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Left Ventricular Electromechanical Mapping in Patients With Chronic Myocardial Ischemia (2001)

A steerable, deflectable 8F catheter incorporating a 27-guage needle was advanced percutaneously to the left ventricular myocardium of 6 patients with chronic myocardial ischemia. Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive phVEGF-2 (total dose, 200 microgram), which was administered as 6 injections into ischemic myocardium (total, 6.0 mL), or placebo (mock procedure). Injections were guided by NOGA left ventricular electromechanical mapping. Patients initially randomized to placebo became eligible for phVEGF-2 GTx if they had no clinical improvement 90 days after their initial procedure. Catheter injections (n=36) caused no changes in heart rate or blood pressure. No sustained ventricular arrhythmias, ECG evidence of infarction, or ventricular perforations were observed. phVEGF-2-transfected patients experienced reduced angina (before versus after GTx, 36.2+/-2.3 versus 3.5+/-1.2 episodes/week) and reduced nitroglycerin consumption (33.8+/-2.3 versus 4.1+/-1.5 tablets/week) for up to 360 days after GTx; reduced ischemia by electromechanical mapping (mean area of ischemia, 10.2+/-3.5 versus 2.8+/-1.6 cm(2), P=0.04); and improved myocardial perfusion by SPECT-sestamibi scanning for up to 90 days after GTx when compared with images obtained after control procedure. Conclusions-This randomized trial of catheter-based phVEGF-2 myocardial GTx provides preliminary indications regarding the feasibility, safety, and potential efficacy of percutaneous myocardial GTx to human left ventricular myocardium.
Expression of HMGA1 and Ezrin in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (2013)

(1) IHC revealed that the positive rate of HMGA1 protein was 68.0% (34/50), 53.3% (16/30), and 13. 3% (4/30) in LSCC, atypical hyperplasia of larynx, and laryngeal polyp (p < 0.05), and the positive rate of Ezrin protein was 64.0% (32/50), 50.0% (15/30), and 23.3% (7/30) (p < 0.01), respectively. (2) Real-time PCR demonstrated that the mean relative mRNA expression levels of HMGA1 in LSCC and in normal tissues were 2.41 ± 0.40 and 1.05 ± 0.18, respectively (p < 0.01). The mRNA levels of Ezrin in LSCC and in normal tissues were 1.79 ± 0.27 and 1.04 ± 0.22, respectively (p < 0.05). (3) Western blotting revealed that the mean relative protein expression levels of HMGA1 in LSCC and in normal tissues were 1.73 ± 0.60 and 0.35 ± 0.17, respectively (p < 0.01). The protein levels of Ezrin in LSCC and in normal tissues were 1.82 ± 0.77 and 0.42 ± 0.20, respectively (p < 0.01).
Generation of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell response to dendritic cells genetically engineered to express the MART-1/Melan-A gene. (1998)

Both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells have demonstrated roles in antitumor immune response in many animal tumor systems. In many human tumor systems, although abundant literature exists on the evidence of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ CTL response, only limited information is available on tumor antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell response. Using the MART-1/Melan-A (MART-1) antigen system as a prototype human tumor-associated antigen (TAA)- and dendritic cell (DC)-based MART-1 antigen presentation system (i.e., DCs transduced with an adenoviral vector-based construct carrying the MART-1 gene), we explored, in vitro, the feasibility of generating both CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses in the same individual. Here, we show that autologous DCs from both HLA-A2-positive melanoma patients and normal healthy individuals that are transduced with an adenoviral vector containing the MART-1 antigen are capable of inducing both MART-1-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in in vitro coculture. After several rounds of stimulation, both the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells synthesized IFN-gamma when they were specifically stimulated. The CD8+ T cells generated in such cocultures also recognized the MART-1(27-35) peptide, AAGIGILTV, in 4-h cytotoxicity assays. These observations, therefore, suggest that Th1-type responses can be generated, in vitro, by stimulation with DCs that are genetically modified to express a TAA. Although the outcome of this type of genetically engineered DC-based stimulation may vary from system to system, this type of in vitro antigen presentation may be very useful in more comprehensive analyses of CD4+ T-cell response to defined TAAs, and such genetically engineered autologous DCs might be better candidates to serve as surrogate cancer vaccines.
Clinical applications of magnetic rings in colorectal anastomosis. (1981)

Based upon experiments on animals, an anastomotic apparatus, consisting of two magnetic rings of polymer bonded, rare earth cobalt magnets embedded in polyester, was developed. There are three types of polyester device with diameters of 25, 28, and 30 millimeters, respectively. The force between the magnets varied between 2.5 Newtons at 4 centimer separation and 11.8 Newtons at union. For the low colorectal anastomosis, a magnet holder, connecting rod and spherical cap were developed. The aim of the technique is a quick restoration of the underbroken submucosal intestinal cylinder by optimal circular apposition of the submucosal layer. The working mechanism is based upon progressive compression, leading to necrosis of the intermediate mucosal and submucosal layers by increasing the magnetic force while intestinal healing takes place. After seven to 12 days, the magnets cut through the disappear from the anastomotic region by intestinal peristalsis. From the initial series of 21 patients, 11 resections of the sigmoid colon and nine low anterior resections were performed. Dehiscence of the suture line was noted in two instances. One patient required reoperation. The other patient had a small area of dehiscence at the suture line after evacuation of an infected hematoma with a further uncomplicated course. One patient died on the third postoperative day of recurrent myocardial infarction. In the other 18 patients, primary intestinal healing was demonstrated roentgenologically and sigmoidoscopically.
Glutamine Metabolism Is Essential for Human Cytomegalovirus Infection (2009)

Human fibroblasts infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) were more viable than uninfected cells during glucose starvation, suggesting that an alternate carbon source was used. We have determined that infected cells require glutamine for ATP production, whereas uninfected cells do not. This suggested that during infection, glutamine is used to fill the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (anaplerosis). In agreement with this, levels of glutamine uptake and ammonia production increased in infected cells, as did the activities of glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase, the enzymes needed to convert glutamine to alpha-ketoglutarate to enter the TCA cycle. Infected cells starved for glutamine beginning 24 h postinfection failed to produce infectious virions. Both ATP and viral production could be rescued in glutamine-starved cells by the TCA intermediates alpha-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate, and pyruvate, confirming that in infected cells, a program allowing glutamine to be used anaplerotically is induced. Thus, HCMV infection activates the mechanisms needed to switch the anaplerotic substrate from glucose to glutamine to accommodate the biosynthetic and energetic needs of the viral infection and to allow glucose to be used biosynthetically.
Stimulation by phospholipids of a protein-tyrosine-phosphatase containing two src homology 2 domains. (1993)

PTP1C, a protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.48) containing two src homology 2 domains, is poorly active when assayed with various protein substrates in vitro. Its activity is stimulated > 1000-fold by anionic phospholipids when myelin basic protein or mitogen-activated protein kinase is used as substrate but reduced in the presence of several other substrates. Data are presented to indicate a direct interaction of the enzyme with phospholipids. Enzyme stimulation directed only toward certain specific substrates is interpreted by assuming that these compounds also bind to the phospholipid vesicles where they will be subjected to rapid enzymatic attack. A possible regulation of PTP1C by its translocation to the cell membrane is hypothesized.
BMP4 supports self-renewal of embryonic stem cells by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (2004)

The fate of pluripotent stem cells is tightly controlled during early embryonic development. Both the derivation and the maintenance of embryonic stem cells (ES cells) in vitro depend on feeder cell-derived growth factors that are largely unidentified. To dissect the mechanisms governing pluripotency, we conducted a screen to identify factors that are produced by mouse embryonic fibroblast STO cells and are required to maintain the pluripotency of ES cells. One of the factors is bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Unexpectedly, the major effect of BMP4 on the self-renewal of ES cells is accomplished by means of the inhibition of both extracellular receptor kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and inhibitors of ERK and p38 MAPKs mimic the effect of BMP4 on ES cells. Importantly, inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway by SB203580 overcomes the block in deriving ES cells from blastocysts lacking a functional Alk3, the BMP type IA receptor. These results uncover a paradigm for BMP signaling in the biology of pluripotent stem cells.
Cancer stem cells and survival pathways (2008)

Gliomas and medulloblastomas are the most frequent malignant brain tumors in adult and children respectively. Although both tumors arise in the CNS, there is a significant difference in their therapeutic response. Medulloblastomas are relatively curable, while glioblastomas are basically incurable. During the last decade several reports have demonstrated the existence of cancer stem cells in brain tumors, their location and their response to treatment. We have recently described the therapeutic response of medulloblastomas to radiation in their native microenvironment, illustrating how p53 and Pi3K signaling pathways lead to the evasion of cell death by the nestin-expressing cells in the perivascular stem cell niche, even while the bulk of tumor succumbs to apoptosis.(1) It remains to be determined whether this mechanism of tumor resistance applies to the more complex stem-cell niche and tumor bulk of gliomas.
4H-Pyran-4-one derivatives:; leading molecule for preparation of compounds with antimycobacterial potential (2009)

A series of 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-((4-substitutedpiperazin-1- yl)methyl)-4H-pyran-4-one structured compounds were synthesized by reacting 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one with suitable piperazine derivatives using Mannich reaction conditions. Antibacterial activities of the compounds for E. coli, S. paratyphi, S. flexneri, E. gergoviae, and M. smegmatis were assessed in vitro by using broth dilution for determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In addition, their inhibitory effects over DNA gyrase enzyme were evaluated using a DNA gyrase supercoiling assay. Among the synthesized compounds; compound 7 showed a 4 \mu g/mL MIC value for M. smegmatis, whereas the other compounds demonstrated moderate to high activity. Those tested in the supercoiling assay had at best a very mild inhibition of the enzyme. This series deserves further attention for testing over Mycobacterium species and topoisomerase II inhibition to develop new lead drugs.
Si O x F y passivation layer in silicon cryoetching (2005)

The SiOxFy passivation layer created on structure sidewalls during silicon cryoetching is investigated. This SiOxFy passivation layer formation strongly depends on O2 content, temperature and bias. It is a fragile layer, which mostly disappears when the wafer is warmed up to ambient temperature. A mass spectrometer was used to analyze the desorbed species during the warm-up and using this instrument allowed us to find a large signal increase in SiF3+ between −80°C and −50°C. SiF4 etching products can participate in the formation of the passivation layer as it is shown by a series of test experiments. SiF4∕O2 plasmas are used to form a thin SiOxFy layer on a cooled silicon wafer. Thickness and optical index of this thin film can be determined by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. It is shown that the passivation layer spontaneously desorbs when the silicon wafer temperature increases in good agreement with the mass spectrometry analysis. Two physical mechanisms are proposed to explain the SiOxFy passivation layer buildup involving either the etching products or the SiFx sites created during etching. In both cases, oxygen radicals react at the surface to form the SiOxFy layer.
Ion-exchange, coordination, and adsorption chromatographic separation of heavy-end petroleum distillates (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon-exchange, coordination, and adsorption chromatographic separation of heavy-end petroleum distillatesD. M. Jewell, J. H. Weber, J. W. Bunger, Henry. Plancher, and D. R. LathamCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 8, 1391–1395Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60316a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60316a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views894Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stroma is critical for preventing or permitting immunological destruction of antigenic cancer cells. (1992)

Inoculated immunogenic cancer cells after initial growth are potentially rejected by specific host immunity; however, the outcome of the interaction between host and inoculated cancer cells is a function of multiple factors including the route of inoculation, the number of cells, the density of antigens on the injected cancer cells, and the state of the immune system of the host. In the present study, we have examined a different kind of variable: the stroma that inoculated tumor cells initially reside in. The impetus to examine this factor arises from observations that cancer cells from several lines inoculated as fragments of solid tumors often grow progressively, whereas the same number or more than 10-fold larger numbers of identical type cells injected as a suspension are rejected, even though fragments or suspended cells are both tumorigenic at the same doses in nude mice. In the present studies, we found that: (a) indeed, cancer cells inoculated as fragments were more tumorigenic than cancer cells in suspension; (b) the tumorigenicity of suspended cancer cells was increased by injection of the cells into polyurethane sponge implants; (c) cancer cells were more tumorigenic embedded in syngeneic stroma than in transgenic antigenic stroma expressing the K216 major histocompatibility complex class I antigen; and (d) antigenic, bone marrow-derived, stromal components (presumably passenger leukocytes) were sufficient to cause rejection of immunogenic but antigenically unrelated cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Achieving area-selective atomic layer deposition on patterned substrates by selective surface modification (2005)

A chemically selective process to achieve high-resolution area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) of HfO2 is introduced in this letter. By utilizing the intrinsically selective absorption behavior of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on different surfaces, SAMs are used to deactivate the oxide regions on a patterned silicon substrate while leaving areas of hydride-terminated silicon intact. Subsequently, a HfO2 thin film is selectively deposited onto the hydride-terminated silicon regions by ALD. The result by several analytical methods indicates that the process presented here has excellent area selectivity and forms HfO2 patterns with high spatial resolution.
El sarcòfag de Prosèrpina de l'esglèsia de Sant Feliu (Girona) (1990)

Un dels conjunts ms importants de sarcbfags romans conservat en el territori d'Hispanial s el que formen els vuit sarcbfags encastats en les parets laterals de l'absis de l'esglsia de Sant Feliu de Girona.Dos sn de tema paga: el rapte de Prosbrpina i la cacera dels lleons.Els altres sis sn paleocristians, repetidament estudiats2.El principal motiu pel qual ens hem proposat d'estudiar el sarcbfag de Prosbrpina s que l'hem pogut netejar a fons, en una rapida campanya, del fum i de la pols acumulats durant tants de segles.La bibliografia sobre el sarcbfag s abundant3 i, per tant,