gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substrate Elasticity Regulates Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Self-Renewal in Culture (2010)

Stem cells that naturally reside in adult tissues, such as muscle stem cells (MuSCs), exhibit robust regenerative capacity in vivo that is rapidly lost in culture. Using a bioengineered substrate to recapitulate key biophysical and biochemical niche features in conjunction with a highly automated single-cell tracking algorithm, we show that substrate elasticity is a potent regulator of MuSC fate in culture. Unlike MuSCs on rigid plastic dishes (approximately 10(6) kilopascals), MuSCs cultured on soft hydrogel substrates that mimic the elasticity of muscle (12 kilopascals) self-renew in vitro and contribute extensively to muscle regeneration when subsequently transplanted into mice and assayed histologically and quantitatively by noninvasive bioluminescence imaging. Our studies provide novel evidence that by recapitulating physiological tissue rigidity, propagation of adult muscle stem cells is possible, enabling future cell-based therapies for muscle-wasting diseases.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Covalently Cross-Linked Peptide Helices by Ring-Closing Metathesis (1998)

Olefin metathesis has been successfully applied to the synthesis of macrocyclic helical peptides [Eq. (a)]. Carbon-carbon bond tethers between amino acid side chains were introduced by ring-closing metathesis. This macrocyclization protocol is a novel and mild procedure for introducing nonnative covalent cross-links into peptide helices.
In vitro differentiation of B lymphocytes from primitive hemopoietic precursors present in long-term bone marrow cultures. (1986)

B lymphocytes are not produced in the Dexter long-term bone marrow cultures, but a primitive B cell precursor is present. The findings presented in this study demonstrate that this precursor can be induced to produce B lymphocytes by transferring the cultures to the Whitlock conditions for the long-term growth of B cells in vitro. Two weeks after the transfer of cultures maintained at 33 degrees C in medium supplemented with horse serum and steroids to low concentrations of fetal calf serum at 37 degrees C, marked effects can be observed. The pattern of cell growth changes from one in which the hemopoietic cells are clustered in tight foci containing several hundred cells to smaller ones in which the cells are not as densely packed. Fat cells in the adherent layer disappear and the supporting stroma becomes more uniform in appearance. This change in the culture format is accompanied by a decrease in the number of nonadherent cells and a shift from myelopoiesis to lymphopoiesis. The numbers of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors decline weekly after the change in culture conditions and are not detected by the third week. B cell colony-forming units appear by 3 wk. Cells that express the 14.8 cell surface antigen are induced by 1 wk after the change in culture conditions, followed by the appearance of surface IgM-bearing cells 2 wk later. This shift to lymphopoiesis can be confirmed morphologically. Granulocytes and macrophages disappear from the cultures by 4 wk, at which time almost all of the cells have a characteristic lymphocyte morphology. Upon switching these cultures back to the original Dexter conditions, only low levels of transient myelopoiesis can be reinitiated.
Bandwidth-efficient collective communication for clustered wide area systems (2002)

Metacomputing infrastructures couple multiple clusters (or MPPs) via wide-area networks. A major problem in programming parallel applications for such platforms is their hierarchical network structure: latency and bandwidth of WANs often are orders of magnitude worse than those of local networks. Our goal is to optimize MPI's collective operations for such platforms. In this paper we focus on optimized utilization of the (scarce) wide-area bandwidth. We use two techniques: selecting suitable communication graph shapes, and splitting messages into multiple segments that are sent in parallel over different WAN links. To determine the best graph shape and segment size, we introduce a performance model called parameterized LogP (P-LogP), a hierarchical extension of the LogP model that covers messages of arbitrary length. With P-LogP, the optimal segment size and the best broadcast tree shape can be determined at runtime. (For conciseness, we restrict our discussion to the broadcast operation). An experimental performance evaluation shows that the new broadcast has significantly improved performance (for large messages) and that there is a close match between the theoretical model and the measured completion times.
Characterization of an antigen expressed on activated human T cells and platelets. (1988)

We have identified a protein complex on the surface of activated human T cells and platelets. This Ag, detected by the murine mAb 1B3, is not expressed on resting human T cells or platelets or on other hematopoeitic cells. The majority of T cells express the Ag after stimulation with PHA, Con A, or allogeneic cells. Platelets express the Ag after activation with 1 U/ml thrombin. Immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled activated T cells with antibody 1B3 shows a heterodimer of 180,000 and 155,000 Mr. An additional protein of 130,000 Mr is very faintly seen depending on the cell type. On platelets, the 180,000 Mr protein is the predominant protein immunoprecipitated under both nonreducing and reducing conditions. Antibody 1B3 may prove useful in identification of activated T cells and platelets as well as definition of specific mechanisms of T cell and platelet activation.
Whole Genome Comparison of Campylobacter jejuni Human Isolates Using a Low-Cost Microarray Reveals Extensive Genetic Diversity (2001)

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease throughout the world, and yet is still a poorly understood pathogen. Whole genome microarray comparisons of 11 C. jejuni strains of diverse origin identified genes in up to 30 NCTC 11168 loci ranging from 0.7 to 18.7 kb that are either absent or highly divergent in these isolates. Many of these regions are associated with the biosynthesis of surface structures including flagella, lipo-oligosaccharide, and the newly identified capsule. Other strain-variable genes of known function include those responsible for iron acquisition, DNA restriction/modification, and sialylation. In fact, at least 21% of genes in the sequenced strain appear dispensable as they are absent or highly divergent in one or more of the isolates tested, thus defining 1300 C. jejuni core genes. Such core genes contribute mainly to metabolic, biosynthetic, cellular, and regulatory processes, but many virulence determinants are also conserved. Comparison of the capsule biosynthesis locus revealed conservation of all the genes in this region in strains with the same Penner serotype as strain NCTC 11168. By contrast, between 5 and 17 NCTC 11168 genes in this region are either absent or highly divergent in strains of a different serotype from the sequenced strain, providing further evidence that the capsule accounts for Penner serotype specificity. These studies reveal extensive genetic diversity among C. jejuni strains and pave the way toward identifying correlates of pathogenicity and developing improved epidemiological tools for this problematic pathogen.
On the hardening of the ootheca of Blatta orientalis (1940)

Abstract The ootheca of Blatta orientalis was chosen as the object of an investi­gation into the hardening mechanism of the insect cuticle because the material of which it is composed looks like the hard brown exocuticle of a typical insect. It is, however, secreted by glands, from which comparatively large amounts of the substances concerned can be obtained. The ootheca is about 8 mm. long, and has the shape of a carpet bag, opening by two flat adpressed lips, which have a regular pattern of ridges and hollows on them. Inside there are about a dozen elongated eggs, arranged in two rows. In the wall of the ootheca are embedded numerous crystals of calcium oxalate (Hallez 1909). The function, if any, of these crystals is obscure; they may help to harden the wall, or they may simply be excretory products, since Sinéty (1901) has recorded crystals of an oxalate from the Malpighian tubules of a phasmid.
Overview of Tumor Cell–Based Vaccines (2006)

Whole-cell tumor vaccines have been investigated for more than 20 years for their efficacy in both preclinical models and in clinical trials in humans. There are clear advantages of whole-cell/polyepitope vaccination over those types of immunotherapy that target specific epitopes. Multiple and unknown antigens may be targeted to both the innate and adaptive immune system, and this may be further augmented by genetic modification of the vaccine cells to provide cytokines and costimulation. In this review, we give an overview of the field including the preclinical and clinical advances using unmodified and modified tumor-cell vaccines.
Fetal DNA Analyzed in Plasma from a Mother’s Three Consecutive Pregnancies to Detect Paternally Inherited Aneuploidy (2001)

The recent demonstration of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum at concentrations much higher than those present in the cellular fraction has introduced new possibilities for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of paternally inherited dominant disorders (1)(2)(3). To date, prenatal detection of fetal aneuploidy in maternal blood has focused on searching intact cells using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The use of fetal DNA in maternal plasma to determine fetal aneuploidy has rarely been described. We previously reported prenatal detection of a paternally inherited fetal aneuploidy from fetal DNA in maternal plasma (4). Here we report the application of such a technique in an additional case involving a mother’s three consecutive pregnancies.

We studied fetal DNA in maternal plasma from a pregnant woman whose fetuses possibly had paternally inherited aneuploidy. Her husband had a balanced reciprocal translocation between the long arm of chromosome 10 and the short arm of chromosome 22, 46,XY,t(10;22)(q24.1;p11.2). The woman’s karyotype was normal. During her first pregnancy, genetic amniocentesis was performed at 19 weeks of gestation, and the maternal blood sample was collected at 22 gestational weeks before termination of the pregnancy. In contrast, during her second and third pregnancies, the …
Optical switching at 1.55 μm in silicon racetrack resonators using phase change materials (2013)

An optical switch operating at a wavelength of 1.55 μm and showing a 12 dB modulation depth is introduced. The device is implemented in a silicon racetrack resonator using an overcladding layer of the phase change data storage material Ge2Sb2Te5, which exhibits high contrast in its optical properties upon transitions between its crystalline and amorphous structural phases. These transitions are triggered using a pulsed laser diode at λ = 975 nm and used to tune the resonant frequency of the resonator and the resultant modulation depth of the 1.55 μm transmitted light.
MicroRNAs in Development and Disease (2011)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of posttranscriptional regulators that have recently introduced an additional level of intricacy to our understanding of gene regulation. There are currently over 10,000 miRNAs that have been identified in a range of species including metazoa, mycetozoa, viridiplantae, and viruses, of which 940, to date, are found in humans. It is estimated that more than 60% of human protein-coding genes harbor miRNA target sites in their 3' untranslated region and, thus, are potentially regulated by these molecules in health and disease. This review will first briefly describe the discovery, structure, and mode of function of miRNAs in mammalian cells, before elaborating on their roles and significance during development and pathogenesis in the various mammalian organs, while attempting to reconcile their functions with our existing knowledge of their targets. Finally, we will summarize some of the advances made in utilizing miRNAs in therapeutics.
Near-infrared (NIR) optogenetics using up-conversion system (2015)

Non-invasive remote control technologies designed to manipulate neural functions for a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the neuronal network in the brain as well as for the therapy of neurological disorders have long been awaited. Recently, it has become possible to optically manipulate the neuronal activity using biological photo-reactive molecules such as channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). However, ChR2 and its relatives are mostly reactive to visible light which does not effectively penetrate through biological tissues. In contrast, near-infrared (NIR) light penetrates deep into the tissues because biological systems are almost transparent to light within this so-called ‘imaging window’. Here we used lanthanide nanoparticles (LNPs), which are composed of rare-earth elements, as luminous bodies to activate channelrhodopsins (ChRs) since they absorb low-energy NIR light to emit high-energy visible light (up-conversion). Neuron-glioma-hybrid ND-7/23 cells were cultured with LNP(NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Sc/Yb/Er) particles (peak emission, 543 nm) and transfected to express C1V1 (peak absorbance, 539 nm), a chimera of ChR1 and VChR1. The photocurrents were generated in response to NIR laser light (976 nm) to a level comparable to that evoked by a filtered Hg lamp (530-550 nm). NIR light pulses also evoked action potentials in the cultured neurons that expressed C1V1. It is suggested that the green luminescent light emitted from LNPs effectively activated C1V1 to generate the photocurrent. With the optimization of LNPs, acceptor photo-reactive biomolecules and optics, this system could be applied to non-invasively actuate neurons deep in the brain.
Glycemic Control and Excess Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes (2014)

In our registry-based observational study, patients with type 1 diabetes and a glycated hemoglobin level of 6.9% or lower had a risk of death from any cause or from cardiovascular causes that was twice as high as the risk for matched controls. (Funded by the Swedish Society of Medicine and others.).
Ligno-cellulosics : science, technology, development and use (1992)

Studies on chemical pulping physico-chemical model of necephilic sulphiting in the processes of wood delignification photophysical and photochemical properties of lignin chromophores new bleach sequences of Kraft pulse using hemicellulases physico-chemical properties of pine dead wood tree foliage as a source of chemical and feeding components new functionalized cellulosic materials - synthesis, properties, applications wood protection lignolytic peroxidases of white-rot fungi utilization of the products of polyose thermal degradation as surfactants structure and reactivity of beech sulphite pulps production of defined cellulose crystallites from cotton fibres by a cellulase complex from trichoderma reesei modification of lignin and its structure application of cellulose and cellulose derivatives for drug modification production of oxalic acid from plant fibres by catalytic oxidation.
Polyomavirus middle-T antigen associates with the kinase domain of Src-related tyrosine kinases (1996)

Middle-T antigen of mouse polyomavirus, an oncogenic DNA virus, associates with and activates the cellular tyrosine kinases c-Src, c-Yes, and Fyn. This interaction is essential for polyomavirus-mediated transformation of cells in culture and tumor formation in animals. To determine the domain of c-Src directing association with middle-T, mutant c-Src proteins lacking the amino-terminal unique domain and the myristylation signal, the SH2 domain, the SH3 domain, or all three of these domains were coexpressed with middle-T in NIH 3T3 cells. All mutants were found to associate with middle-T, demonstrating that the kinase domain of c-Src, including the carboxy-terminal regulatory tail, is sufficient for association with middle-T. Moreover, we found that Hck, another member of the Src kinase family, does not bind middle-T, while chimeric kinases consisting of the amino-terminal domains of c-Src fused to the kinase domain of Hck or the amino-terminal domains of Hck fused to the kinase domain of c-Src associated with middle-T. Hck mutated at its carboxy-terminal regulatory residue, tyrosine 501, was also found to associate with middle-T. These results suggest that in Hck, the postulated intramolecular interaction between the carboxy-terminal regulatory tyrosine and the SH2 domain prevents association with middle-T. This intramolecular interaction apparently also limits the ability of c-Src to associate with middle-T, since removal of the SH2 or SH3 domain increases the efficiency with which middle-T binds c-Src.
Bandwidth virtualization enables long-haul WDM transport of 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s services (2008)

This article describes how bandwidth virtualization can enable transmission of ultra-high bandwidth 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s services over existing optical transport networks independently of the underlying network infrastructure. An overview of the technology alternatives available to enable high-bandwidth service transport is provided, along with a discussion of the relative merits of different approaches. The authors describe how wavelength division multiplexing, using large- scale photonic integrated circuits combined with the use of a digital virtual concatenation mapping protocol, can be used to enable decoupling of 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s service provisioning from the underlying optical link engineering, thereby enabling bandwidth virtualization. Real-world implementation examples of bandwidth virtualization are provided, including 40 Gb/s service transmission over a 2000-km fiber link with 65 ps of peak PMD, a field trial of 40 Gb/s service transmission over an 8477-km trans-oceanic network, and finally a field trial of a pre-standard 100 gigabit Ethernet service transmission over a 4000-km terrestrial long-haul network.
A novel intensity limiting approach to Metal Artefact Reduction in 3D CT baggage imagery (2012)

This paper introduces a novel technique for Metal Artefact Reduction (MAR) in the previously unconsidered context 3D CT baggage imagery. The output of a conventional sinogram completion-based MAR approach is refined by imposing an upper limit on the intensity of the corrected images and by performing post-filtering using the non-local means filter. Furthermore, performance is evaluated using a novel quantitative analysis technique, using the ratio of noisy 3D SIFT detection points identified, as well as a standard qualitative comparison (visual quality). The objective of the quantitative analysis is to evaluate the impact of MAR on the application of computer vision techniques for automatic object recognition. The study yields encouraging results in both the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The proposed method yields a significant improvement in performance when compared to algorithms based on linear interpolation and reprojection-reconstruction; especially in terms of reducing the occurrence of new artefacts in the corrected images. The results serve as a strong indication that MAR will aid human and computerised analyses of 3D CT baggage imagery for transport security screening.
Image rotation, Wigner rotation, and the fractional Fourier transform (1993)

In this study the degree p = 1 is assigned to the ordinary Fourier transform. The fractional Fourier transform, for example with degree P = 1/2, performs an ordinary Fourier transform if applied twice in a row. Ozaktas and Mendlovic [ “ Fourier transforms of fractional order and their optical implementation,” Opt. Commun. (to be published)] introduced the fractional Fourier transform into optics on the basis of the fact that a piece of graded-index (GRIN) fiber of proper length will perform a Fourier transform. Cutting that piece of GRIN fiber into shorter pieces corresponds to splitting the ordinary Fourier transform into fractional transforms. I approach the subject of fractional Fourier transforms in two other ways. First, I point out the algorithmic isomorphism among image rotation, rotation of the Wigner distribution function, and fractional Fourier transforming. Second, I propose two optical setups that are able to perform a fractional Fourier transform.
A general, catalytic, and enantioselective synthesis of .alpha.-amino acids (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general, catalytic, and enantioselective synthesis of .alpha.-amino acidsE. J. Corey and John O. LinkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 5, 1906–1908Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00031a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00031a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7058Altmetric-Citations233LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A General and Facile Route to New Trisubstituted Purin-8-ones (2005)

International audience
Fully integrated CMOS power amplifier design using the distributed active-transformer architecture (2002)

A novel on-chip impedance matching and power-combining method, the distributed active transformer is presented. It combines several low-voltage push-pull amplifiers efficiently with their outputs in series to produce a larger output power while maintaining a 50-/spl Omega/ match. It also uses virtual ac grounds and magnetic couplings extensively to eliminate the need for any off-chip component, such as tuned bonding wires or external inductors. Furthermore, it desensitizes the operation of the amplifier to the inductance of bonding wires making the design more reproducible. To demonstrate the feasibility of this concept, a 2.4-GHz 2-W 2-V truly fully integrated power amplifier with 50-/spl Omega/ input and output matching has been fabricated using 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS transistors. It achieves a power added efficiency (PAE) of 41 % at this power level. It can also produce 450 mW using a 1-V supply. Harmonic suppression is 64 dBc or better. This new topology makes possible a truly fully integrated watt-level gigahertz range low-voltage CMOS power amplifier for the first time.
Analysis and measurement of ultrasound backscattering from an ensemble of scatterers excited by sine-wave bursts (1973)

This paper develops a practical approximation for the backscattering of periodic bursts of sine waves by a volume of randomly distributed scatterers. The approximation is applied to the measurement of a “volumetric backscattering cross section,” using a substitution method in which the rms value of the gated backscattered signal is compared with the rms value of a wave reflected from a target of known coefficient of reflection. It is shown that the signal backscattered from the ensemble depends on the attenuation of the wave in the volume and upon the burst and gate lengths. An equation to obtain the volumetric backscattering cross section from experimental data is derived.