gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ordered Mesoporous Carbons (2001)

Ordered mesoporous carbons have recently been synthesized using ordered mesoporous silica templates. The synthesis procedure involves infiltration of the pores of the template with appropriate carbon precursor, its carbonization, and subsequent template removal. The template needs to exhibit three-dimensional pore structure in order to be suitable for the ordered mesoporous carbon synthesis, otherwise disordered microporous carbon is formed. MCM-48, SBA-1, and SBA-15 silicas were successfully used to synthesize carbons with cubic or hexagonal frameworks, narrow mesopore size distributions, high nitrogen Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface areas (up to 1800 m2 g–1), and large pore volumes. Ordered mesoporous carbons are promising in many applications, including adsorption of large molecules, chromatography, and manufacturing of electrochemical double-layer capacitors.
Serum and ascitic fluid levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with ovarian epithelial cancer (1993)

Levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were determined in normal peritoneal fluid, ovarian malignant ascites, normal serum, and serum from patients with ovarian cancer. This study showed that the patients with ovarian cancer have elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in serum and ascitic fluid. A larger study would help in evaluating the potential use of cytokines as tumor markers in ovarian cancer.
A novel membrane-bound serine esterase in human T4+ lymphocytes immunologically reactive with antibody inhibiting syncytia induced by HIV-1. Purification and characterization. (1990)

A novel membrane-bound serine esterase, named tryptase TL2, which is immunologically reactive with the antibody inhibiting induction of syncytia by human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) (Hattori, T., Koito, A., Takatsuki, K., Kido, H., and Kutunuma, N. (1989) FEBS Lett., 248, 48-52), has been purified from a human T4+ lymphocyte clone. The enzyme has a molecular mass of 198 +/- 15 kDa, as judged by gel-permeation liquid chromatography, and is composed of two subunits of 32 kDa and four subunits of 28 kDa, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Studies with model peptide substrates showed that the enzyme preferentially recognized L-arginine and cleaved Boc-Gln-Gly-Arg-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide and Boc-Gln-Ala-Arg-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide with high efficiency at a pH optimum of 8.5. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by the envelope glycoprotein gp 120 of HIV-1, by synthetic peptides with the sequence GPGR in their center, which corresponds to the principal neutralizing epitope of the gp 120s of various HIV-1 strains, by Kunitz-type inhibitors with the sequence GPCR in their active site, such as trypstatin, HI30, and [Arg15, Glu52]aprotinin and by the microbial inhibitors leupeptin and antipain. Studies on the subcellular distribution of tryptase TL2, immunohistochemical analysis, and cell surface radioiodination indicated that the enzyme is mainly localized in the plasma membrane.
Lactate transport mechanisms at apical and basolateral membranes of bovine retinal pigment epithelium (1994)

The isolated bovine retinal pigment epithelium actively transports lactate from the apical to the basal bath. Net short-circuit [14C]lactate flux in 20 mM lactate was 0.46 +/- 0.09 mu eq.cm-2.h-1 (n = 8). In open circuit, with a physiological lactate gradient, net [14C]lactate flux was 0.66-1.31 mu eq.cm-2.h-1 (n = 3). Lactate in the apical bath caused intracellular acidifications that were saturable, apparently stereospecific, and reduced in magnitude by several H-lactate cotransport inhibitors. In the basal bath, lactate caused intracellular alkalinizations that were dependent on the presence of Na. In short circuit, 20 mM lactate in both baths reversed the direction of net transepithelial 22Na transport from secretion to absorption, suggesting the presence of basolateral Na-lactate cotransport moving lactate out of the cells. Outwardly directed Na-lactate cotransport requires a lactate:Na stoichiometry > 1.4:1, consistent with the coupled movement of Na, lactate, and net negative charge across the basolateral membrane. Intracellular microelectrode recordings showed that basal lactate hyperpolarized and apical lactate depolarized the basolateral membrane. For lactate absorption, this is a novel arrangement of membrane proteins:luminal H-lactate cotransport and serosal electrogenic Na:(n)lactate cotransport. Lactate transport across the retinal pigment epithelium may play an important role in regulating retinal metabolism and subretinal space volume and composition.
An adaptive impedance tuning CMOS circuit for ISM 2.4-GHz band (2005)

The difficulties encountered in matching an antenna to its optimal impedance are reduced with an adaptive 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS circuit based on several switched shunt capacitors arranged in capacitor banks and on a few external series inductors. As high-quality inductors are difficult to obtain in CMOS, the inductors are placed either in an low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) substrate or is a lumped component outside the core circuit. The circuits, presented here through a range of simulations, are optimized to function within the ISM 2.4-GHz band, but the general approach employed to improve matching can be used for other frequency bands as well. The circuits discussed provide a VSWR/spl les/2 match for every impedance with VSWR/spl les/5. There is a 1-dB power loss for a perfect 50 /spl Omega//spl rarr/50 /spl Omega/ transformation, a break-even point at VSWR=1.5, and a 3-dB increase in delivered power for VSWR= 4.3.
Sub-250 nm room-temperature optical gain from AlGaN/AlN multiple quantum wells with strong band-structure potential fluctuations (2012)

Deep-UV optical gain has been demonstrated in Al0.7Ga0.3N/AlN multiple quantum wells under femtosecond optical pumping. Samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy under a growth mode that introduces band structure potential fluctuations and high-density nanocluster-like features within the AlGaN wells. A maximum net modal gain value of 118 ± 9 cm−1 has been measured and the transparency threshold of 5 ± 1 µJ/cm2 was experimentally determined, corresponding to 1.4 × 1017 cm−3 excited carriers. These findings pave the way for the demonstration of solid-state lasers with sub-250 nm emission at room temperature.
Requirements for Signal Delivery Through CD44: Analysis Using CD44-Fas Chimeric Proteins (1999)

CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in various cell adhesion events, including lymphocyte migration, early hemopoiesis, and tumor metastasis. To examine the requirements of CD44 for signal delivery through the extracellular domain, we constructed a chimeric CD44 protein fused to the intracellular domain of Fas on its C-terminus. In cells expressing the CD44-Fas fusion protein, apoptosis could be induced by treatment with certain anti-CD44 mAbs alone, especially those recognizing the epitope group d, which has been previously shown to play a role in ligand binding, indicating that ligation of a specific region of the CD44 extracellular domain results in signal delivery. Of note was that appropriate ligation of the epitope h also resulted in the generation of apoptotic signal, although this region was not thought to be involved in ligand binding. In contrast, the so-called blocking anti-CD44 mAbs (epitope group f) that can abrogate the binding of hyaluronate (HA) failed to induce apoptosis even after further cross-linking with the secondary Ab, indicating that a mere mAb-induced oligomerization of the chimeric proteins is insufficient for signal generation. However, these blocking mAbs were instead capable of inhibiting apoptosis induced by nonblocking mAb (epitope group h). Furthermore, a chimeric protein bearing a mutation in the HA binding domain and hence lacking the ability to recognize HA was incapable of mediating the mAb-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the functional integrity of the HA binding domain is crucial to the signal generation in CD44.
Synthesis of Oxidation-Resistant Cupronickel Nanowires for Transparent Conducting Nanowire Networks (2012)

Nanowires of copper can be coated from liquids to create flexible, transparent conducting films that can potentially replace the dominant transparent conductor, indium tin oxide, in displays, solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and electrochromic windows. One issue with these nanowire films is that copper is prone to oxidation. It was hypothesized that the resistance to oxidation could be improved by coating copper nanowires with nickel. This work demonstrates a method for synthesizing copper nanowires with nickel shells as well as the properties of cupronickel nanowires in transparent conducting films. Time- and temperature-dependent sheet resistance measurements indicate that the sheet resistance of copper and silver nanowire films will double after 3 and 36 months at room temperature, respectively. In contrast, the sheet resistance of cupronickel nanowires containing 20 mol % nickel will double in about 400 years. Coating copper nanowires to a ratio of 2:1 Cu:Ni gave them a neutral gray color, making them more suitable for use in displays and electrochromic windows. These properties, and the fact that copper and nickel are 1000 times more abundant than indium or silver, make cupronickel nanowires a promising alternative for the sustainable, efficient production of transparent conductors.
Activation of T Cells by a Tyrosine Kinase Activation Domain in the Cytoplasmic Tail of CD3 ε (1992)

The multichain T cell antigen receptor functions by interacting with and activating one or more nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. The cytoplasmic tail of the zeta chain can activate T cells independently of the rest of the receptor complex. The function of the remaining invariant CD3 chains remains unknown. A 22-amino acid region of the cytoplasmic tail of CD3 epsilon was also able to independently activate T cells. Stimulation of T cells by means of the cytoplasmic tails of either zeta or CD3 epsilon resulted in quantitatively distinct patterns of tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting activation of different biochemical pathways.
A functional Ni-Ni-[4Fe-4S] cluster in the monomeric acetyl-CoA synthase from Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans (2003)

In anaerobic microorganisms employing the acetyl-CoA pathway, acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS) and CO dehydrogenase (CODH) form a complex (ACS/CODH) that catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from CO, a methyl group, and CoA. Previously, a [4Fe-4S] cubane bridged to a copper-nickel binuclear site (active site cluster A of the ACS component) was identified in the ACS(Mt)/CODH(Mt) from Moorella thermoacetica whereas another study revealed a nickel-nickel site in the open form of ACS(Mt), and a zink-nickel site in the closed form. The ACS(Ch) of the hydrogenogenic bacterium Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans was found to exist as an 82.2-kDa monomer as well as in a 1:1 molar complex with the 73.3-kDa CODHIII(Ch). Homogeneous ACS(Ch) and ACS(Ch)/CODHIII(Ch) catalyzed the exchange between [1-(14)C]acetyl-CoA and (12)CO with specific activities of 2.4 or 5.9 micromol of CO per min per mg, respectively, at 70 degrees C and pH 6.0. They also catalyzed the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from CO, methylcobalamin, corrinoid iron-sulfur protein, and CoA with specific activities of 0.14 or 0.91 micromol of acetyl-CoA formed per min per mg, respectively, at 70 degrees C and pH 7.3. The functional cluster A of ACS(Ch) contains a Ni-Ni-[4Fe-4S] site, in which the positions proximal and distal to the cubane are occupied by Ni ions. This result is apparent from a positive correlation of the Ni contents and negative correlations of the Cu or Zn contents with the acetyl-CoA/CO exchange activities of different preparations of monomeric ACS(Ch), a 2.2-A crystal structure of the dithionite-reduced monomer in an open conformation, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Proline iminopeptidase from the outer cell envelope of the human oral spirochete Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 (1996)

Certain periodontopathic organisms have been shown to exhibit high activity of proline iminopeptidase (PIPase). The human oral spirochete Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 was found to contain an easily extractable, novel PIPase (EC 3.4.11.5), which was purified to a sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-pure form by means of fast protein liquid chromatographic procedures. The range of the minimum monomeric molecular mass (280 amino acid residues) of the PIPase, based on amino acid analysis, was 30.35 to 30.39 kDa, but the likely in vivo form of the enzyme is a tetramer (minimum mass, 120.2 to 120.4 kDa). The molecular masses based on laser desorption mass spectrometry were 36.058 kDa for the monomer and 72.596 kDa for a dimer. The PIPase cleaves specifically the Pro-Y bond in dipeptides where Y is preferably Arg or Lys. Pro-Gln, Pro-Asn, and Pro-Ala were also good substrates, while Pro-Glu was hydrolyzed slowly and Pro-Asp was not hydrolyzed at all. Tripeptides were poor substrates or were not hydrolyzed (an exception was Pro-Gly-Gly, which cleaved at a moderate rate). Larger molecules, such as poly-L-Pro, were not hydrolyzed. The T. denticola enzyme can be regarded as a true PIPase, since replacing Pro in Pro-Y with other amino acid residues resulted in no hydrolysis. The activity of the PIPase may depend on an active carboxyl group and on an active seryl residue but not on metal cations. Diethylpyrocarbonate inactivated the enzyme in a reaction that was not reversible upon addition of NH2OH. The enzyme contains a relatively large percentage (ca. 15%) of proline residues. The dominance of the PIPase activity among aminopeptidase activities present in T. denticola and the proposed location of the enzyme in the outer cell envelope suggest that it has a vital function in the propagation of the cells within their biological niche (inflamed human periodontal tissues). The biologic role of the PIPase may be envisaged as in the termination of the overall peptidolytic cascade (liberating free proline and other amino acids), whereby host tissue proteins and peptides are first processed and inactivated by other peptidases possibly present within the same confines as the PIPase.
Statistical recovery of wideband speech from narrowband speech (1994)

We present an algorithm to generate wideband speech from a narrow band version of the same. The main body of the algorithm is a statistical recovery function (SRF), which predicts the highband spectrum based solely on the narrowband spectrum. The performance of the algorithm has been measured both in terms of spectral distortion and spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We obtained a 3 dB gain in SNR for the reconstructed wideband speech as compared to the narrowband speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fas antigen is the major target molecule for CD4+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (1994)

Activation of the Fas cell surface molecule, either by specific antibody or by its as yet unidentified ligand, has been shown to induce apoptosis. Because apoptosis is also evoked in target cells by cytolytic T cells, we investigated whether the Fas pathway is involved in CD4+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Analysis of Fas expression in APC, such as the B lymphoma A20.2J and MHC class II-transfected fibroblasts RT2.3, revealed a correlation between the degree of expression and sensitivity to cytotoxic attack, high level of Fas expression in A20.2J being associated with efficient lysis. To examine whether increased Fas expression in RT2.3 would render these cells more susceptible to CD4+ CTL lysis, they were transfected with a Fas gene expression vector. Indeed, Fas- but not mock-transfected RT2.3 proved to be more sensitive to lysis by either Ag specifically or nonspecifically activated CD4+ CTL. Similarly, MHC class II-negative, Fas-transfected L1210 leukemia cells were lysed with nonspecifically activated CD4+ CTL. The importance of the Fas engagement in CD4+ CTL-mediated cytotoxicity is further substantiated by the failure of both cloned and normal CD4+ CTL to lyse B cell blasts from Ipr mice. These mice are known to have a defect in functional Fas expression. Although the bulk of CD4+ T cell-mediated lysis appears to be Fas induced, the fact that the effector phase of A20.2J lysis is only partially Ca2+ independent indicates that other pathways also contribute to target cell death.
Ultrasensitive and Fast Bottom‐up Analysis of Femtogram Amounts of Complex Proteome Digests (2013)

Femtogram proteomics: An ultrasensitive capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry system that is based on an improved nanospray interface has been developed. This system is used for the analysis of picogram to femtogram amounts of E. coli digests; for example, over 100 proteins were identified from 16 pg digests by tandem mass spectrometry. AMTs=accurate mass and time tags.
An Efficient Enantioselective Approach to Cyclic β-Amino Acid Derivatives via Olefin Metathesis Reactions (2006)

The asymmetric synthesis of polyfunctionalized piperidine- and pyrrolidine-based scaffolds, specifically designed for the preparation of cyclic, conformationally constrained beta-amino acids, is realized combining a biocatalytic access to a versatile chiral building block with a wide range of transformations based on olefin metathesis.
HD39 (B3), a B lineage-restricted antigen whose cell surface expression is limited to resting and activated human B lymphocytes. (1986)

Abstract The B cell-restricted antigen HD39, whose cell surface expression is limited to resting and activated human B lymphocytes, is described in this report. The monoclonal antibody HD39 detects a two-chain glycoprotein with apparent molecular weights of 130,000 and 140,000. During B cell ontogeny, HD39 is first expressed in the cytoplasm of bone marrow derived pre-B cells, then appears on the cell surface of sIgM+ B cells, and finally on the majority of sIgM+ sIgD+ resting B cells. After activation in vitro, the expression of HD39 on the cell surface first increases, and then the antigen is lost as cells begin to differentiate. HD39 is weakly expressed on very few non-T cell ALL and B cell CLL, on approximately 50% of B cell lymphomas, and not on Waldenström's macroglobulinemias and myelomas. In contrast, it is strongly expressed on all hairy cell leukemias. Its limited cell surface expression in B cell ontogeny suggests that HD39 may be important in the events that regulate the activation of the human resting B lymphocytes.
Multichannel Acoustic Echo Cancellation in Multiparty Spatial Audio Conferencing with Constrained Kalman Filtering (2008)

This paper proposes a novel scheme for acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) in multi-party, spatialized audio conferencing by exploring the constraints among the adaptive filters for each synthesized remote speaker. The AEC algorithm employs constrained Kalman filtering (CKF-AEC) that takes advantage of the uncorrelated reference signal from each remote channel [1], yet restricts the filter adaptation within the subspace determined by the spatialization functions used to virtualize each remote participant and the number of unique acoustic paths between the loudspeakers and microphone. In addition, the proposed algorithm allows the adaptation for channels without input signals. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm has much higher performance than the scheme proposed in [1] which uses NLMS as the adaptive filter and does not explore the available constraint.
Multiparticulate Oral Drug Delivery (1994)

Manufacture of Core Pellets by Balling Preparation of Micropellets by Spray Congealing Cryopelletization Coating of Multiparticulates Using Polymeric Solutions: Formulation and Process Considerations Coating of Multiparticulates Using Polymeric Dispersions: Formulation and Process Considerations Coating of Multiparticulates Using Molten Materials: Formulation and Process Considerations, Suspensions and Dispersible Dosage Forms of Multiparticulates, Roland Bodmeier and Ornlaksana Paeratakul Multiparticulate Encapsulation Equipment and Process Compaction of Multiparticulate Oral Dosage Forms Key Factors in the Development of Modified-Release Pellets Mechanisms of Release from Coated Pellets Biopharmaceutical Aspects of Multiparticulates In Vivo Behavior of Multiparticulate Versus Single-Unit Dose Formulations Capsule Shell Composition and Manufacturing Packaging of Multiparticulate Dosage Forms: Materials and Equipment Marketing Considerations
Cardiac Resynchronization Induces Major Structural and Functional Reverse Remodeling in Patients With New York Heart Association Class I/II Heart Failure (2009)

CRT in patients with New York Heart Association I/II resulted in major structural and functional reverse remodeling at 1 year, with the greatest changes occurring in patients with a nonischemic cause of heart failure. CRT may interrupt the natural disease progression in these patients. Clinical Trial Registration- Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00271154.
Binding of Norwalk Virus-Like Particles to ABH Histo-Blood Group Antigens Is Blocked by Antisera from Infected Human Volunteers or Experimentally Vaccinated Mice (2002)

Attachment of Norwalk (NV), Snow Mountain (SMV), and Hawaii (HV) virus-like particles (VLPs) to specific ABH histo-blood group antigens was investigated by using human saliva and synthetic biotinylated carbohydrates. The three distinct Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) have various capacities for binding ABH histo-blood group antigens, suggesting that different mechanisms for NLV attachment likely exist. Importantly, antisera from NV-infected human volunteers, as well as from mice inoculated with packaged Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicons expressing NV VLPs, blocked the ability of NV VLPs to bind synthetic H type 1, Le(b), and H type 3, suggesting a potential mechanism for antibody-mediated neutralization of NV.
Adhesive switching of membranes: Experiment and theory (2000)

We report on a study of a model bioadhesion system: giant vesicles in contact with a supported lipid bilayer. Embedded in both membranes are very low concentrations of homophilic recognition molecules (contact site A receptors) competing with higher concentrations of repeller molecules: polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipids. These repellers mimic the inhibiting effect of the cell glycocalyx on adhesion. The effective adhesive interaction between the two membranes is probed by interferometric analysis of thermal fluctuations. We find two competing states of adhesion: initial weak adhesion is followed by slower aggregation of the adhesion molecules into small, tightly bound clusters that coexist with the regions of weak adhesion. We interpret our results in terms of a double-well intermembrane potential, and we present a theoretical analysis of the intermembrane interaction in the presence of mobile repeller molecules at a fixed chemical potential that shows that the interaction potential indeed should have just such a double-well shape. At a fixed repeller concentration we recover a conventional purely repulsive potential. We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of a general amplification mechanism of the action of sparse adhesion molecules by a nonspecific double-well potential. We also discuss the important role of the Helfrich undulation force for the proposed scenario.