gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor activity of hydroxythiamine and methotrexate immobilized on monocarboxycellulose. (1997)

The aim of the present study was to examine the antitumor and antivitamin activities of some new combinations of methotrexate (MT) and hydroxythiamine (HT), antagonists of folic acid and thiamine, respectively, immobilized on monocarboxycellulose (MCC). Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and sarcoma 180 were used as test malignant tumors in mice. It has been shown, that the compounds studied decreased significantly the amount of mitotically dividing tumor cells and increased the percentage of dead cells, inhibited the tumor growth (up to 10-30 fold at the early stage of neoplasm development) and elongated the life-span of tumor-bearing animals (by 1.6-3.3-fold) as compared to the control. All MCC-immobilized HT and MT complexes studied demonstrated higher antitumor efficacy compared to the mixture of these drugs or each of the agents applied individually. The specific feature of the newly synthesized substances was strong and prolonged antitumor effect following single administration. The severity of thiamine and folic acid deficiencies essentially depended on the amount of HT and MT in the preparations. A close correlation was found between the inhibition of transketolase in the tumors and the antiblastoma properties of the preparations. It enables us to suggest, that the antithiamine action of these preparations is one of the important factors in the mechanism of their antitumor effect.
Use of Heteromyelomas in the Enhancement of Human Monoclonal Antibody Production (1987)

Hybridoma technology opened an entire new era in both basic and applied immunology. It has been almost a decade since the original landmark development of the murine hybridoma technology (1). At the present time it is routine to generate murine monoclonal antibodies of defined specificity by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from an immunized mouse. The ready availability of murine monoclonal antibodies as biological probes has changed the approaches in many diagnostic and therapeutic areas of medicine.
Electrospinning and Properties of Some Nanofibers (2001)

Electrospinning is a unique process that is capable of producing fibers with diameters ranging over several orders of magnitude, from the micrometer range typical of conventional fibers down to the nanometer range. Electrospun fibers possess unusually large surface-to-volume ratios and are expected to display morphologies and material properties different from their conventional counterparts. In this paper, details of recent designs and construction of equipment for controllable and reproducible electrospinning or electrostatic spinning are presented. An understanding of the electrospinning process is linked to processing conditions and polymer fluid characteristics, as well as the structure and properties of the final electrospun nanofibers.
Portal hypertension correlates with splenic stiffness as measured with MR elastography (2011)

These findings indicate a temporal relationship between portal hypertension and the development of liver fibrosis in a large animal model of cholestatic liver disease. The observed direct correlation between spleen stiffness and D-HVPG suggest a noninvasive MRE approach to diagnose and screen for portal hypertension.
STELLAR LOW LINOLENIC-HIGH LINOLEIC ACID SUMMER RAPE (1988)

Stellar summer rape (Brassica napus L.) is the first canola quality cultivar which produces seed oil with 3% linolenic acid and 28% linoleic acid. This oil has shorter hydrogenation time and better stability than standard canola oil. Stellar is adapted to the southern B. napus growing areas of western Canada, particularly the Black and Grey soil zones of Manitoba and Saskatchewan.Key words: Rape (summer), low linolenic-high linoleic acid, cultivar description
Fluorouracil selectively spares acute myeloid leukemia cells with long- term growth abilities in immunodeficient mice and in culture (1996)

A subset of leukemic cells is assumed to maintain long-term growth of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in vivo. Characterization of these AML progenitor cells may further define growth properties of human leukemia. In vitro incubations with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) have been used for enrichment of normal primitive hematopoietic stem cells. By analogy to normal hematopoiesis, it was hypothesized that primitive leukemic stem cells might be kinetically more inactive than colony-forming cells (colony-forming units-AML [CFU-AML]). To examine this hypothesis, conditions were established for incubation with 5-FU that eliminated all CFU-AML. These conditions selected a 5-FU-resistant AML fraction that was evaluated for its capacity for long-term growth by transplantation into mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and long-term culture in the quantitative cobblestone area-forming cell (CAFC) assay. Transplantation of the 5-FU-resistant fraction of four cases of AML into SCID mice resulted in growth of AML. Whereas no CFU-AML survived, 31% to 82% of primitive (week-6) CAFC were recovered from the 5-FU-treated cells. Hematopoietic cells proliferating in the CAFC assay were shown to be leukemic by cytologic, cytogenetic, or molecular analysis. The reduction of AML growth as determined by outgrowth of AML in SCID mice was in the same order of magnitude as the primitive (week-6) CAFC reduction. This indicates that both assays measure closely related cell populations and that the CAFC assay can be used to study long-term growth of AML. These results show a hierarchy of AML cells that includes 5-FU-resistant progenitors. These cells are characterized as primitive (week-6) CAFC and as leukemia-initiating cells in SCID mice.
Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts: Transforming Clinical Samples into Mouse Models (2013)

Tumor graft models (also known as patient-derived xenografts or PDX) are based on the transfer of primary tumors directly from the patient into an immunodeficient mouse. Because PDX mice are derived from human tumors, they offer a tool for developing anticancer therapies and personalized medicine for patients with cancer. In addition, these models can be used to study metastasis and tumor genetic evolution. This review examines the development, challenges, and broad use of these attractive preclinical models.
Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors and logic circuits (2002)

In this paper, we present recent advances in the understanding of the properties of semiconducting single wall carbon nanotube and in the exploration of their use as field-effect transistors (FETs). Both electrons and holes can be injected in a nanotube transistor by either controlling the metal-nanotube Schottky barriers present at the contacts or simply by doping the bulk of the nanotube. These methods give complementary nanotube FETs that can be integrated together to make inter- and intra-nanotube logic circuits. The device performance and their general characteristics suggest that they can compete with silicon MOSFETs. While this is true when considering simple prototype devices, several issues remain to be explored before a nanotube-based technology is possible. They are also discussed.
Thermal Loss Coefficients of Monolithic and Granular Aerogel Systems (1986)

At ambient temperatures, transparent silica aerogels as well as translucent granular fillings are excellent superinsulating spacers if evacuated. Thus their use in windows and covers for passive solar systems is extremely promising. Thermal loss coefficients under variation of radiative temperature, sample density, boundary emissivity and internal gas pressure are presented. Furthermore, the scaling of the solid conductivity with density is discussed.
Cinnamate‐functionalized poly(ester‐carbonate): Synthesis and its UV irradiation‐induced photo‐crosslinking (2008)

Abstract A functionalized cyclic carbonate monomer containing a cinnamate moiety, 5‐methyl‐5‐cinnamoyloxymethyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one (MC), was prepared for the first time with 1,1,1‐tri(hydroxymethyl) ethane as a starting material. Subsequent polymerization of the new cyclic carbonate and its copolymerization with L ‐lactide (LA) were successfully performed with diethyl zinc (ZnEt 2 ) as initiator/catalyst. NMR was used for microstructure identification of the obtained monomer and copolymers. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to characterize the functionalized poly(ester‐carbonate). The results indicated that the copolymers displayed a single glass transition temperature ( T g ) and the T g decreased with increasing carbonate content and followed the Fox equation, indicative of a random microstructure of the copolymer. The photo‐crosslinking of the cinnamate‐carrying copolymer was also demonstrated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 161–169, 2009
Large Voltage-Induced Changes in the Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy of an MgO-Based Tunnel Junction with an Ultrathin Fe Layer (2016)

Voltage control of magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) in an ultrathin ferromagnet metal layer is a promising approach for ultralow-power spin manipulation, but interface effects spoil its efficiency for applications such as memory devices. The authors study VCMA in the fully epitaxial ultrathin Fe layer of a magnetic tunnel junction, and achieve an efficiency of almost 300 fJ V${}^{-1}$ m${}^{-1}$ with high perpendicular anisotropy, which satisfies the requirements for gigabit-class spintronic memory.
Avian bic , a Gene Isolated from a Common Retroviral Site in Avian Leukosis Virus-Induced Lymphomas That Encodes a Noncoding RNA, Cooperates with c- myc in Lymphomagenesis and Erythroleukemogenesis (2002)

bic is a novel gene identified at a common retroviral integration site in avian leukosis virus-induced lymphomas and has been implicated as a collaborator with c-myc in B lymphomagenesis. It lacks an extensive open reading frame and is believed to function as an untranslated RNA (W. Tam, Gene 274:157-167, 2001; W. Tam, D. Ben-Yehuda, and W. S. Hayward, Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:1490-1502, 1997). The oncogenic potential of bic, particularly its ability to cooperate with c-myc in oncogenesis, was tested directly by expressing c-myc and bic, either singly or in pairwise combination, in cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) and in chickens using replication-competent retrovirus vectors. Coexpression of c-myc and bic in CEFs caused growth enhancement of cells. Most importantly, chick oncogenicity assays demonstrated that bic can cooperate with c-myc in lymphomagenesis and erythroleukemogenesis. The present study provides direct evidence for the involvement of untranslated RNAs in oncogenesis and provides further support for the role of noncoding RNAs as riboregulators.
Adaptive beamforming with sidelobe control: a second-order cone programming approach (2003)

A new approach to adaptive beamforming with sidelobe control is developed. The proposed beamformer represents a modification of the popular minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer. It minimizes the array output power while maintaining the distortionless response in the direction of the desired signal and a sidelobe level that is strictly guaranteed to be lower than some given (prescribed) threshold value. The resulting modified MVDR problem is shown to be convex, and its second-order cone (SOC) formulation is obtained that facilitates a computationally efficient way to implement our beamformer using the interior point method.
Consensus perspectives on prophylactic therapy for haemophilia: summary statement (2003)

Participants in an international conference on prophylactic therapy for severe haemophilia developed a consensus summary of the findings and conclusions of the conference. In the consensus, participants agreed upon revised definitions for primary and secondary prophylaxis and also made recommendations concerning the need for an international system of pharmacovigilance. Considerations on starting prophylaxis, monitoring outcomes, and individualizing treatment regimens were discussed. Several research questions were identified as needing further investigation, including when to start and when to stop prophylaxis, optimal dosing and dose interval, and methods for assessment of long-term treatment effects. Such studies should include carefully defined cohorts, validated orthopaedic and quality-of-life assessment instruments, and cost-benefit analyses.
Pharmacokinetics of tetrahydrobiopterin following oral loadings with three single dosages in patients with phenylketonuria (2008)

BH(4) pharmacokinetics are variable between patients regarding absolute levels of BH(4) metabolites reached after BH(4) loading, but are similar regarding the interval to individual maximum B + P levels. Levels of B + P increase significantly with increasing BH(4) doses. There is no correlation between B + P levels and decrease in Phe level.
Spatial investigation of a large diameter microwave plasma (1995)

A large diameter plasma (120 mm) is sustained in argon/oxygen mixtures, at low pressure ( approximately=1 Torr) by surface waves at 2.45 GHz. We spatially describe the electromagnetic field distribution as well as the species distribution from diagnostics such as electric antenna probing and emission spectroscopy in the three spatial directions (z, r, phi ). According to azimuthal measures ( phi ), we show that the discharge is mainly maintained by an hexapolar hybrid mode (m=3). Longitudinal measures (z) exhibit modulations which could be explained by a multimode propagation whereas the radial spectroscopic measures (r) strongly depend on the electric field of the surface wave. However, atomic oxygen densities, nearly 1%, exhibit a quite homogeneous profile in the three spatial directions.
Mapping of the immunophilin-immunosuppressant site of interaction on calcineurin. (1994)

The interaction of the immunosuppressive complexes cyclosporin A-cyclophilin A and FK506 binding protein-FK506 with the Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin has been investigated by means of photoaffinity labeling and chemical cross-linking. Photolabeling of purified bovine brain calcineurin with the affinity label [O-[4-[4-(1-diazo-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl]aminobutanoyl]-D- serine8]cyclosporin in the presence of cyclophilin A results, in addition to the labeling of cyclophilin itself, in the transfer of some of the chemical probe to both the catalytic subunit A and the regulatory subunit B of calcineurin. Chemical cross-linking studies with disuccinimidyl suberate in the presence of either cyclophilin A, B, or C in complex with cyclosporin A or FK506 binding protein-FK506 result on the other hand in the apparently exclusive and strictly immunosuppressant-dependent formation of covalent immunophilin-calcineurin B subunit products. Cross-linking of immunophilins to calcineurin B subunit requires the presence of subunit A. In the present study, using a set of recombinant maltose-binding protein fusion products representing different stretches of the catalytic subunit A, we were able to map the minimal calcineurin A sequence necessary for immunophilin-ligand-calcineurin B interaction to occur.
Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13 by Maternal Plasma DNA Sequencing (2011)

Massively parallel sequencing of DNA molecules in the plasma of pregnant women has been shown to allow accurate and noninvasive prenatal detection of fetal trisomy 21. However, whether the sequencing approach is as accurate for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 13 and 18 is unclear due to the lack of data from a large sample set. We studied 392 pregnancies, among which 25 involved a trisomy 13 fetus and 37 involved a trisomy 18 fetus, by massively parallel sequencing. By using our previously reported standard z-score approach, we demonstrated that this approach could identify 36.0% and 73.0% of trisomy 13 and 18 at specificities of 92.4% and 97.2%, respectively. We aimed to improve the detection of trisomy 13 and 18 by using a non-repeat-masked reference human genome instead of a repeat-masked one to increase the number of aligned sequence reads for each sample. We then applied a bioinformatics approach to correct GC content bias in the sequencing data. With these measures, we detected all (25 out of 25) trisomy 13 fetuses at a specificity of 98.9% (261 out of 264 non-trisomy 13 cases), and 91.9% (34 out of 37) of the trisomy 18 fetuses at 98.0% specificity (247 out of 252 non-trisomy 18 cases). These data indicate that with appropriate bioinformatics analysis, noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 by maternal plasma DNA sequencing is achievable.
Hypoglycemic and Hypocholesterolemic Potential of Persea americana Leaf Extracts (2007)

The effect of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Persea americana on plasma glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CHOL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHOL) in rats was investigated. Albino rats were fed a diet containing 20% groundnut oil, 0.5% cholesterol, and 0.25% cholic acid to induce hypercholesterolemia. They were then treated daily with aqueous or methanolic extract of P. americana leaf (10 mg/kg of body weight) for 8 weeks. There were no significant (P > .05) differences in the overall body weight gain of the hypercholesterolemic rats compared to normal control. Liver to body weight ratio, plasma glucose, total cholesterol (T-CHOL), and LDL-CHOL levels were significantly (P < .05) elevated in rats fed hypercholesterolemic diet compared to normal controls. The administration of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of P. americana induced reductions in plasma glucose (16% and 11%,respectively), T-CHOL (8% and 5%, respectively), and LDL-CHOL (19% and 20%, respectively) in the treated rats compared to the hypercholesterolemic controls. Also, plasma HDL-CHOL concentrations increased by 85% and 68%, respectively, in the aqueous and methanolic extract-treated rats compared to the hypercholesterolemic controls. These results suggest that aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of P. americana lower plasma glucose and influence lipid metabolism in hypercholesterolemic rats with consequent lowering of T-CHOL and LDL-CHOL and a restoration of HDL-CHOL levels. This could represent a protective mechanism against the development of atherosclerosis.
The functional characteristics of a human apolipoprotein E variant (cysteine at residue 142) may explain its association with dominant expression of type III hyperlipoproteinemia. (1992)

Type III hyperlipoproteinemia typically is associated with homozygosity for apolipoprotein (apo) E2(Arg158----Cys). Dominant expression of type III hyperlipoproteinemia associated with apoE phenotype E3/3 is caused by heterozygosity for a human apoE variant, apoE3(Cys112----Arg, Arg142----Cys). However, this apoE3 variant was not separable from the normal apoE3 in these patients' plasma because the two proteins have identical amino acid composition, charge, and molecular weight. Therefore, to determine the functional characteristics of this protein, we used recombinant DNA techniques to produce this apoE variant in bacteria. We also produced a non-naturally occurring variant, apoE(Arg142----Cys), that had only the cysteine substituted at residue 142. These two apoE variants were purified from cell lysates of the transfected Escherichia coli by ultracentrifugal flotation in the presence of phospholipid, by gel filtration chromatography, and by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. Both Cys142 apoE variants bound to lipoprotein receptors on human fibroblasts with only about 20% of normal binding activity. Therefore, cysteine at residue 142, not arginine at residue 112, is responsible for the decreased receptor binding activity of the variants. Cysteamine treatment and removal of the carboxyl-terminal domain had little effect on the binding activity, whereas both modulate the receptor binding activity of apoE2(Arg158----Cys). The mutation at residue 142 decreased the binding activity of apoE to both heparin and the monoclonal antibody 1D7 (this antibody inhibits receptor binding of apoE), whereas apoE2(Arg158----Cys), which is associated with recessive expression of type III hyperlipoproteinemia, binds normally to both. The Arg112, Cys142 variant predominantes 3:1 over normal apoE3 in the very low density lipoproteins of plasma from an affected subject, as assessed by differential reactivity with the antibody 1D7. The unique combination of functional properties of the Arg112, Cys142 variant provides a possible explanation for its association with dominant expression of type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
Hepatitis C virus infection protein network (2008)

A proteome-wide mapping of interactions between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human proteins was performed to provide a comprehensive view of the cellular infection. A total of 314 protein-protein interactions between HCV and human proteins was identified by yeast two-hybrid and 170 by literature mining. Integration of this data set into a reconstructed human interactome showed that cellular proteins interacting with HCV are enriched in highly central and interconnected proteins. A global analysis on the basis of functional annotation highlighted the enrichment of cellular pathways targeted by HCV. A network of proteins associated with frequent clinical disorders of chronically infected patients was constructed by connecting the insulin, Jak/STAT and TGFbeta pathways with cellular proteins targeted by HCV. CORE protein appeared as a major perturbator of this network. Focal adhesion was identified as a new function affected by HCV, mainly by NS3 and NS5A proteins.
E–H (E = R3Si or H) bond activation by B(C6F5)3 and heteroarenes; competitive dehydrosilylation, hydrosilylation and hydrogenation (2013)

In the presence of B(C6F5)3 five-membered heteroarenes undergo dehydrosilylation and hydrosilylation with silanes. The former, favoured on addition of a weak base, produces H2 as a by-product making the process catalytic in B(C6F5)3 but also enabling competitive heteroarene hydrogenation.
Alternative Translation of Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 mRNA Occurs by Internal Entry of Ribosomes (1995)

Alternative initiations of translation of the human fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) mRNA, at three CUG start codons and one AUG start codon, result in the synthesis of four isoforms of FGF-2. This process has important consequences on the fate of FGF-2: the CUG-initiated products are nuclear and their constitutive expression is able to induce cell immortalization, whereas the AUG-initiated product, mostly cytoplasmic, can generate cell transformation. Thus, the different isoforms probably have distinct targets in the cell. We show here that translation initiation of the FGF-2 mRNA breaks the rule of the cap-dependent ribosome scanning mechanism. First, translation of the FGF-2 mRNA was shown to be cap independent in vitro. This cap-independent translation required a sequence located between nucleotides (nt) 192 and 256 from the 5' end of the 318-nt-long 5' untranslated region. Second, expression of bicistronic vectors in COS-7 cells indicated that the FGF-2 mRNA is translated through a process of internal ribosome entry mediated by the mRNA leader sequence. By introducing additional AUG codons into the RNA leader sequence, we localized an internal ribosome entry site to between nt 154 and 318 of the 5' untranslated region, just upstream of the first CUG. The presence of an internal ribosome entry site in the FGF-2 mRNA suggests that the process of internal translation initiation, by controlling the expression of a growth factor, could have a crucial role in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation.