gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescence of Silicon Materials: Chains, Sheets, Nanocrystals, Nanowires, Microcrystals, and Porous Silicon (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLuminescence of Silicon Materials: Chains, Sheets, Nanocrystals, Nanowires, Microcrystals, and Porous SiliconLouis BrusCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 14, 3575–3581Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100065a007https://doi.org/10.1021/j100065a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2613Altmetric-Citations430LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Prolongation of the Life Span in Rats (1973)

ABSTRACT To test the effect of RNA‐DNA in preventing the deleterious effects of old age, an experiment was conducted that involved 10 rats with a normal life span of 800–900 days. All were fed the same diet; 5 rats were not treated, and 5 were given weekly injections of DNA + RNA. After twelve weeks the difference in appearance, weight and alertness was remarkable. The 5 untreated rats died before 900 days. Of the treated rats, 4 died at ages of 1600–1900 days, and 1 at 2250 days. A parallel cannot be drawn with aging in human beings fed RNA‐DNA, but the findings on rats may have some application to cellular studies on cancer.
Cell Death in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Development (2003)

Bacteria growing in biofilms often develop multicellular, three-dimensional structures known as microcolonies. Complex differentiation within biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurs, leading to the creation of voids inside microcolonies and to the dispersal of cells from within these voids. However, key developmental processes regulating these events are poorly understood. A normal component of multicellular development is cell death. Here we report that a repeatable pattern of cell death and lysis occurs in biofilms of P. aeruginosa during the normal course of development. Cell death occurred with temporal and spatial organization within biofilms, inside microcolonies, when the biofilms were allowed to develop in continuous-culture flow cells. A subpopulation of viable cells was always observed in these regions. During the onset of biofilm killing and during biofilm development thereafter, a bacteriophage capable of superinfecting and lysing the P. aeruginosa parent strain was detected in the fluid effluent from the biofilm. The bacteriophage implicated in biofilm killing was closely related to the filamentous phage Pf1 and existed as a prophage within the genome of P. aeruginosa. We propose that prophage-mediated cell death is an important mechanism of differentiation inside microcolonies that facilitates dispersal of a subpopulation of surviving cells.
OmpT Outer Membrane Proteases of Enterohemorrhagic and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Contribute Differently to the Degradation of Human LL-37 (2011)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) are food-borne pathogens that cause serious diarrheal diseases. To colonize the human intestine, these pathogens must overcome innate immune defenses such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Bacterial pathogens have evolved various mechanisms to resist killing by AMPs, including proteolytic degradation of AMPs. To examine the ability of the EHEC and EPEC OmpT outer membrane (OM) proteases to degrade α-helical AMPs, ompT deletion mutants were generated. Determination of MICs of various AMPs revealed that both mutant strains are more susceptible than their wild-type counterparts to α-helical AMPs, although to different extents. Time course assays monitoring the degradation of LL-37 and C18G showed that EHEC cells degraded both AMPs faster than EPEC cells in an OmpT-dependent manner. Mass spectrometry analyses of proteolytic fragments showed that EHEC OmpT cleaves LL-37 at dibasic sites. The superior protection provided by EHEC OmpT compared to EPEC OmpT against α-helical AMPs was due to higher expression of the ompT gene and, in turn, higher levels of the OmpT protein in EHEC. Fusion of the EPEC ompT promoter to the EHEC ompT open reading frame resulted in decreased OmpT expression, indicating that transcriptional regulation of ompT is different in EHEC and EPEC. We hypothesize that the different contributions of EHEC and EPEC OmpT to the degradation and inactivation of LL-37 may be due to their adaptation to their respective niches within the host, the colon and small intestine, respectively, where the environmental cues and abundance of AMPs are different.
Maximum photovoltaic power tracking: an algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions (1995)

As the maximum power operating point (MPOP) of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems changes with changing atmospheric conditions (e.g. solar radiation and temperature), an important consideration in the design of efficient PV systems is to track the MPOP correctly. Many maximum power tracking (MPT) techniques have been considered in the past but techniques using microprocessors with appropriate MPT algorithms are favoured because of their flexibility and compatibility with different PV arrays. Although the efficiency of these MPT algorithms is usually high, it drops noticeably in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. The authors have developed a new MPT algorithm based on the fact that the MPOP of a PV generator can be tracked accurately by comparing the incremental and instantaneous conductances of the PV array. The work was carried out by both simulation and experiment, with results showing that the developed incremental conductance (IncCond) algorithm has successfully tracked the MPOP, even in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, and has higher efficiency than ordinary algorithms in terms of total PV energy transferred to the load.
Prospective study of serum 25(OH)-vitamin D concentration and risk of oesophageal and gastric cancers (2007)

We prospectively examined the relation between pretrial serum vitamin D status and risk of oesophageal and gastric cancers among subjects who developed cancer over 5.25 years of follow-up, including 545 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC), 353 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas, 81 gastric noncardia adenocarcinomas, and an age- and sex-stratified random sample of 1105 subjects. The distribution of serum 25(OH)D was calculated using the known sampling weights. For the cohort as a whole, the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile concentrations of 25(OH)-vitamin D were 19.6, 31.9, and 48.7 nmol l(-1), respectively, and we found that higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with monotonically increasing risk of ESCC in men, but not in women. Comparing men in the fourth quartile of serum 25(OH)D concentrations to those in the first, we found a hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 1.77 (1.16-2.70), P trend=0.0033. The same comparison in women had a HR (95% CI) of 1.06 (0.71-1.59), P trend=0.70. We found no associations for gastric cardia or noncardia adenocarcinoma. Among subjects with low vitamin D status, higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with significantly increased risk of ESCC in men, but not in women. Further refinements of the analysis did not suggest any factors, which could explain this unexpected result.
Transfer of rheumatoid arthritis into severe combined immunodeficient mice. The pathogenetic implications of T cell populations oligoclonally expanding in the rheumatoid joints. (1995)

To investigate the pathogenicity of T cells infiltrating in the rheumatoid joints, mononuclear cells (MNC), predominantly T cells, isolated from either synovial fluid or synovial tissues of the patients with RA were transferred into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice by intraarticular injections. According to our observations in this experimental system, patients with RA could be classified into at least two groups. In one group of patients, the infiltrating MNC induced synovial hyperplasia in the recipient SCID mice (the positive group). Whereas, in the other group no synovial hyperplasia was observed (the negative group). The induction of synovial hyperplasia observed in the positive group was prevented by an anti-human CD3 antibody (OKT3), indicating T cell mediation. Analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) V beta usage by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in the infiltrating MNC transferred into SCID mice revealed a marked skew towards the preferential use of certain V beta genes, which was not seen in the peripheral blood MNC, in only the positive group. The patterns of TCR/V beta skew were not uniform among the patients. The analysis of the PCR-amplified genes of such skewed TCR/ V beta by single strand conformational polymorphism showed distinct bands, indicating that the T cell populations expanding in rheumatoid joints of the positive group were oligoclonal. Furthermore, the enrichment of the T cell populations expressing such skewed TCR/V beta by in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood MNC of the patients with the relevant superantigen enabled the induction of synovial hyperplasia in the SCID mice. These results suggest that the pathogenic T cells could be activated locally in rheumatoid joints by certain antigens in some, but not in all patients with RA.
Percutaneous aortic valve replacement: resection before implantation☆ (2005)

Percutaneous resection of heart valves is emerging as a promising auxiliary method for the resection of calcified aortic heart valves because they can be cut endoscopically. Nonetheless, before this resection tool can be clinically applied by surgeons to perform a true percutaneous valve replacement, an additional aortic valve resection chamber (already at the prototype stage) designed for capturing all debris, has to be established.
Character and document research in the Open Mind Initiative (1999)

We describe the Open Mind Initiative, a framework for large scale collaborative efforts in building components of "intelligent" systems that address common sense reasoning, document and language understanding, speech and character recognition, and so on. Based on the Open Source methodology, the Open Mind Initiative allows domain specialists to contribute algorithms, tool developers to provide software infrastructure and tools, and non specialist "e-citizens" to contribute training data and information to large databases. An important challenge is to make it easy and rewarding for e-citizens to provide such information. The paper illustrates the initiative through several demonstration projects of modest scale, including some related to character and document problems, and identifies general challenges and opportunities.
Airway and alveolar permeability and surface liquid thickness: theory (1997)

The thickness of airway surface liquid (ASL) can be calculated as the ratio of the permeability coefficient of an absorbed inert tracer to the percentage rate in which it decreases in content in the airway lumen. The percentage clearance of radiolabeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) from human airways or lungs has been measured many times, with a mean value of 1.04 +/- 0.25 (SD) %/min. Rates of clearance from animal lungs of most species give values of the same order, although they are lower in the sheep and higher in the dog. Permeability coefficients have not been measured simultaneously with percentage clearances and not at all for human tissues. Values for mannitol and sucrose, of which the former gives a permeability coefficient approximately 25% greater than that for sucrose and DTPA in airway tubes and isolated mucosal sheets from experimental animals, give a mean approximately 7.1 x 10(-7) cm/s. This corresponds to thickness of ASl of approximately 20-150 microns for various species. The assumptions underlying this estimate are discussed. It is concluded that ASL thickness in vivo may be considerably greater than in vitro measurements involving rapid freezing of the airway wall. Estimates of alveolar permeability suggest that either it is very considerably lower than that of the airway epithelium, that methods to measure alveolar permeability mainly reflect airway permeability, or both.
Effects of trichostatin A on the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in human dental pulp cells (2016)

Objective
To investigate the effect of trichostatin A (TSA) , a histone deacetylases inhibitor (HDACi) , on the inflammation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) .


Methods
HDPCs were cultured from human healthy tooth pulp. Three experimental groups were designed: blank control group, LPS (1 μg/ml) group and TSA (25 or 50 nmol/L) +LPS group. The mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) were assayed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and sandwich ELISA kit. The phosphorylation of main members in NF-κB signal pathway were examined by Western blot. The mRNA and protein secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 were evaluated by One-Way ANOVA, expressions of NF-κB signal pathway were analysed with t test.


Results
RT-qPCR and ELISA showed that mRNA and protein expression of IL-6 and IL-8 were all increased by LPS (1 μg/ml) , whereas their expression were significantly reduced by TSA (25 nmol/L) pretreatment in hDPCs (FIL-6 mRNA= 22.538, PIL-6 mRNA= 0.002; FIL-8 mRNA= 20.253, PIL-8 mRNA= 0.002; FIL-6= 9.327, PIL-6= 0.007; FIL-8= 9.6894, PIL-8= 0.011) . The p-IKKα/β, p-p65 and p-IκB-α were activated with the stimulation of LPS, while TSA pretreatment decreased LPS-induced up-regulation of p-IKKα/β (t30 min= 6.437, P30 min= 0.003; t60 min= 6.386, P60 min= 0.003; t120 min= 4.368, P120 min= 0.012) and p-IκB-α (t15 min= 3.822, P15 min= 0.019; t30 min= 4.467, P30 min= 0.011) .


Conclusions
TSA could reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS in hDPCs, and suppress the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and IκB-α, suggesting that TSA may inhibit the inflammation of dental pulp by de-activation of NF-κB signal pathway.


Key words: 
Histone deacetylases inhibitors; Lipopolysaccharides; Cells, Dental pulp; Cytokine, Inflammatory; NF-κB signal pathway
Real-time taxi dispatching using Global Positioning Systems (2003)

Hailing a taxi in Singapore now employs the latest positioning technology for matching passengers with the nearest available cabs, thus achieving greater productivity and customer satisfaction.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Postoperative Delirium in a Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit (2008)

The results of this study can be used to develop a revised checklist of 29 preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors for delirium, with special attention to the 4 predictive postoperative factors. Use of such a checklist may facilitate the ability to prevent or detect delirium early and provide suitable treatment.
Hydroxyurea accelerates loss of extrachromosomally amplified genes from tumor cells. (1991)

Gene amplification is one mechanism mediating the resistance of tumor cells to antineoplastic agents and the overexpression of a variety of oncogenes in diverse tumor types. There is mounting evidence that acentric extrachromosomal elements such as double minute chromosomes are common intermediates in the amplification process. These acentric structures partition unequally at mitosis and can be lost in the absence of selection. In the present study, we used human and hamster cell lines documented to contain extrachromosomally amplified drug resistance genes to investigate the feasibility of enhancing the loss rate of the extrachromosomally amplified genes to make the cells more sensitive to drug treatment. The results show that treatment of each of these lines with hydroxyurea accelerates the loss of the extrachromosomally amplified drug resistance genes. Loss of these extrachromosomal genes was associated with a corresponding increase in the drug sensitivity in the cases examined. The mechanism of accelerated loss does not appear to involve a differential effect on the replication of extrachromosomal DNA sequences. The results suggest that hydroxyurea treatment may provide a valuable tool for the general accelerated elimination of extrachromosomally amplified genes.
Construction and Characterization of Genetically Defined aro omp Mutants of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Preliminary Studies of Safety and Immunogenicity in Humans (2001)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of diarrhea in travelers to countries where the disease is endemic and causes a major disease burden in the indigenous population, particularly children. We describe here the generation and preclinical characterization of candidate strains of ETEC which are intended to provide the basis of a live attenuated oral vaccine to prevent this disease. It has been shown previously that a spontaneously arising toxin-negative variant ETEC strain, E1392/75-2A, could confer 75% protection against challenge when administered to volunteers. Unfortunately this strain induced mild diarrhea in 15% of recipients. To eliminate the unacceptable reactogenicity of strain E1392/75-2A, it was further attenuated by introducing three different combinations of defined deletion mutations into the chromosome. A mouse intranasal model of immunization was developed and used to show that all of the strains were immunogenic. Immune responses against colonization factor antigens (CFAs) were particularly strong when the bacterial inocula were grown on "CFA agar," which induces strong expression of these antigens. Two of the strains were selected for a phase I dose escalation safety study with healthy adult volunteers. Freshly grown organisms were harvested from CFA agar plates and administered to volunteers as a suspension containing from 5 x 10(7) to 5 x 10(9) CFU. The vaccine was well tolerated at all doses and induced significant immune responses in all recipients at the highest dose of either strain. The results provide the basis for further clinical evaluation of these vaccine candidates.
Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting the messenger RNA encoding proliferating cell nuclear antigen. (1992)

Our results demonstrate that an antisense ODN directed at the messenger RNA of PCNA decreases expression of the PCNA gene product and reduces SMC proliferation. In addition, these results provide an important impetus to initiating in vivo studies to determine the feasibility of antisense strategies in the prevention of coronary restenosis.
Defect Reduction in HVPE Growth of GaN and Related Optical Spectra (2001)

GaN technology is still based on highly mismatched heteroepitaxial growth on foreign substrates, and therefore needs to overcome a high defect density and a high level of stress in the epitaxial layers. Various attempts have been made to reduce the defects and stress in thick GaN layers. We here report a reduction of the defect density in thick GaN layers grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy, using regrowth on free-standing GaN films, as well as introducing an AlN buffer and AlN interlayer in the growth sequence. Special focus is put on the optical properties of the material.
SGN: Sequential Grouping Networks for Instance Segmentation (2017)

In this paper, we propose Sequential Grouping Networks (SGN) to tackle the problem of object instance segmentation. SGNs employ a sequence of neural networks, each solving a sub-grouping problem of increasing semantic complexity in order to gradually compose objects out of pixels. In particular, the first network aims to group pixels along each image row and column by predicting horizontal and vertical object breakpoints. These breakpoints are then used to create line segments. By exploiting two-directional information, the second network groups horizontal and vertical lines into connected components. Finally, the third network groups the connected components into object instances. Our experiments show that our SGN significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in both, the Cityscapes dataset as well as PASCAL VOC.
Non-rigid dense correspondence with applications for image enhancement (2011)

This paper presents a new efficient method for recovering reliable local sets of dense correspondences between two images with some shared content. Our method is designed for pairs of images depicting similar regions acquired by different cameras and lenses, under non-rigid transformations, under different lighting, and over different backgrounds. We utilize a new coarse-to-fine scheme in which nearest-neighbor field computations using Generalized PatchMatch [Barnes et al. 2010] are interleaved with fitting a global non-linear parametric color model and aggregating consistent matching regions using locally adaptive constraints. Compared to previous correspondence approaches, our method combines the best of two worlds: It is dense, like optical flow and stereo reconstruction methods, and it is also robust to geometric and photometric variations, like sparse feature matching. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method using three applications for automatic example-based photograph enhancement: adjusting the tonal characteristics of a source image to match a reference, transferring a known mask to a new image, and kernel estimation for image deblurring.
Polymer Electrophosphorescence Devices (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Phosphorescent Dyes Transfer Processes in Polymer Hosts Doped with Phosphorescent Dyes Charge-Carrier Trapping Dexter Transfer Energy Back Transfer Polymer Phosphorescence Devices based on PVK Green PVK-based Devices Excitation of the Dye in the PVK Matrix Optimizing the Devices Optimizing Charge Injection PVK-based Devices with Red Emission PVK Devices with Blue Emission White Electrophosphorescence from PVK-based Devices Phosphorescent Devices with Other Host Polymers Fully Functionalized Polymers Conclusion and Outlook
High performance steam development (1995)

DOE has launched a program to make a step change in power plant to 1500 F steam, since the highest possible performance gains can be achieved in a 1500 F steam system when using a topping turbine in a back pressure steam turbine for cogeneration. A 500-hour proof-of-concept steam generator test module was designed, fabricated, and successfully tested. It has four once-through steam generator circuits. The complete HPSS (high performance steam system) was tested above 1500 F and 1500 psig for over 102 hours at full power.
Inference in the Generalized Gamma and Log Gamma Distributions (1980)

This paper is concerned with the problem of obtaining confidence intervals or tests of significance for the parameters or other characteristics of the generalized gamma distribution. Procedures are given whereby confidence intervals for the parameters, quantiles or the reliability (survivor) function of the distribution can be obtained, when the generalized gamma index parameter is known. Their application in studying robustness and model-dependence in lifetime distributions is also discussed.