gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaccination with Empty Plasmid DNA or CpG Oligonucleotide Inhibits Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice: Modulation of Spontaneous 60-kDa Heat Shock Protein Autoimmunity (2000)

Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice develop insulitis and diabetes through a process involving autoimmunity to the 60-kDa heat shock protein (HSP60). Treatment of NOD mice with HSP60 or with peptides derived from HSP60 inhibits this diabetogenic process. We now report that NOD diabetes can be inhibited by vaccination with a DNA construct encoding human HSP60, with the pcDNA3 empty vector, or with an oligonucleotide containing the CpG motif. Prevention of diabetes was associated with a decrease in the degree of insulitis and with down-regulation of spontaneous proliferative T cell responses to HSP60 and its peptide p277. Moreover, both the pcDNA3 vector and the CpG oligonucleotide induced specific Abs, primarily of the IgG2b isotype, to HSP60 and p277, and not to other islet Ags (glutamic acid decarboxylase or insulin) or to an unrelated recombinant Ag expressed in bacteria (GST). The IgG2b isotype of the specific Abs together with the decrease in T cell proliferative responses indicate a shift of the autoimmune process to a Th2 type in treated mice. These results suggest that immunostimulation by bacterial DNA motifs can modulate spontaneous HSP60 autoimmunity and inhibit NOD diabetes.
Prostate‐specific antigen activates single‐chain urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (1995)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increases in the plasma of patients with prostate cancer, and has therefore been used as a reliable tumor marker. It has been demonstrated that prostate cancer cells over-express urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), which plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. We found that PSA converts the single-chain proform of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scuPA) to an active 2-chain form. The active 2-chain uPA generated from scuPA by PSA was measured by hydrolyzation of S-2444, a synthetic substrate for uPA. PSA activated scuPA time- and dose-dependently. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that, after incubation with PSA, the intensity of the 55-kDa band of scuPA decreased concomitantly with increases in the intensity of the 2 bands at 33 kDa and 22 kDa. Amino-acid-sequence analysis indicated that PSA cleaved Lys158-Ile159, which corresponds with the site cleaved by plasmin. PSA did not enhance or impair the activity of the 2-chain form of uPA. These findings imply that PSA could be an initiator of the protease cascade involved in prostate-cancer invasion and metastasis.
Jun Turnover Is Controlled Through JNK-Dependent Phosphorylation of the E3 Ligase Itch (2004)

The turnover of Jun proteins, like that of other transcription factors, is regulated through ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Usually, such processes are regulated by extracellular stimuli through phosphorylation of the target protein, which allows recognition by F box-containing E3 ubiquitin ligases. In the case of c-Jun and JunB, we found that extracellular stimuli also modulate protein turnover by regulating the activity of an E3 ligase by means of its phosphorylation. Activation of the Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade after T cell stimulation accelerated degradation of c-Jun and JunB through phosphorylation-dependent activation of the E3 ligase Itch. This pathway modulates cytokine production by effector T cells.
Repair, regenerative and supportive therapies of the annulus fibrosus: achievements and challenges (2008)

Lumbar discectomy is a very effective therapy for neurological decompression in patients suffering from sciatica due to hernia nuclei pulposus. However, high recurrence rates and persisting post-operative low back pain in these patients require serious attention. In the past decade, tissue engineering strategies have been developed mainly targeted to the regeneration of the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the intervertebral disc. Accompanying techniques that deal with the damaged annulus fibrous are now increasingly recognised as mandatory in order to prevent re-herniation to increase the potential of NP repair and to confine NP replacement therapies. In the current review, the requirements, achievements and challenges in this quickly emerging field of research are discussed.
The Spectroscopy of InSe Nanoparticles (2005)

The synthesis of several different sizes of InSe nanoparticles from organometallic precursors is reported. These particles are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and optical spectroscopy. The electron diffraction results and optical properties indicate that these particles are two-dimensional disks, consisting of single Se-In-In-Se tetralayer sheets. The absorption spectra indicate strong quantum confinement along the z axis and, for the smaller particles, in the x,y plane. The z-axis quantum confinement may be quantitatively understood in terms of the band structure of bulk InSe. The results indicate that the z-axis quantum confinement reverses the order of the direct and indirect transitions in the case of the largest particles. The smaller particles exhibit strong, polarized fluorescence, and the fluorescence polarization may also be understood in terms of the band structure of bulk InSe.
Thermo-pneumatic, single-stroke micropump (2005)

A novel single-stroke, pipette-like micropump capable of delivering discrete amounts of liquid in the µL range free of pulsations was developed and fabricated. No moving parts are required for device operation, so that low-cost polymer fabrication is possible, e.g., casting of poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS). By implementing a dead-end channel with an inlet port on one end and a sealed chamber on the other, thermal gas expansion of the trapped air in the chamber is used to manipulate the liquid, similar to a pipette. The air in the chamber is heated in a controlled way by an external heater, e.g., a resistive or Peltier element. With a heater temperature variation of 50 K, the pumped liquid volume is around 2 µL for a 16-µL chamber, which is approximately equal to the air volume change caused by this temperature change. If required, the liquid flow can be electronically controlled by maintaining a constant heating or cooling rate of the heater. Flow rates for liquid uptake on the order of 0.34 µL min−1 were obtained by cooling the heater at the rate of 10 K min−1. For optimization of the pump design, mathematical models have been developed to predict the static and dynamic behavior of the pump. The resulting data compare well with the experimental values. Different from most flow-through pumps with inlet and outlet, this low-cost, thermo-pneumatic micropump allows us to draw in and to eject liquids from the chip without priming. Also hydrophilic surfaces are not required if certain design rules are followed. An additional advantage of this thermo-pneumatic principle is its absolutely pulsation-free operation, which can be useful for the formation of concentration gradients.
Determinant spreading associated with clinical response in dendritic cell-based immunotherapy for malignant melanoma. (2003)

Intradermal immunization with MART-1 peptide-pulsed DCs results in an increase in circulating IFN-gamma-producing, antigen-specific T cells. The frequency of these cells did not correlate with response. In contrast, spreading of immune reactivity to other melanoma antigens was only evident in a subject with a complete response, suggesting that determinant spreading may be an important factor of clinical response to this form of immunotherapy.
Modeling of an eye-imaging system for optimizing illumination schemes in an eye-tracked head-mounted display (2007)

While the augmentation of head-mounted displays (HMDs) with eye-tracking (ET) capabilities adds challenges to designing compact and portable displays, a systematic approach to integration offers opportunities to improve overall performance and robustness. To investigate the design and optimization of illumination schemes in an ET-HMD system, we present a simulated eye illumination and imaging system, which allows us to explore the critical parameters that affect the quality of the eye illumination. We present details on the modeling process and simulation results.
Argininosuccinate synthetase regulates hepatic AMPK linking protein catabolism and ureagenesis to hepatic lipid metabolism (2016)

A key sensor of cellular energy status, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), interacts allosterically with AMP to maintain an active state. When active, AMPK triggers a metabolic switch, decreasing the activity of anabolic pathways and enhancing catabolic processes such as lipid oxidation to restore the energy balance. Unlike oxidative tissues, in which AMP is generated from adenylate kinase during states of high energy demand, the ornithine cycle enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) is a principle site of AMP generation in the liver. Here we show that ASS regulates hepatic AMPK, revealing a central role for ureagenesis flux in the regulation of metabolism via AMPK. Treatment of primary rat hepatocytes with amino acids increased gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis and, despite nutrient excess, induced both AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation. Antisense oligonucleotide knockdown of hepatic ASS1 expression in vivo decreased liver AMPK activation, phosphorylation of ACC, and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. Taken together these studies demonstrate that increased amino acid flux can activate AMPK through increased AMP generated by ASS, thus providing a novel link between protein catabolism, ureagenesis, and hepatic lipid metabolism.
Neural transplantation: potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease. (1987)

Significant progress has been made over the past decade in utilizing the techniques of neural transplantation to promote regeneration and recovery of function in the mammalian brain. The present paper reviews recent advances in our understanding of the properties and mechanisms of action of neural transplants and discusses how these advances might be applied to designing therapeutic approaches for treating Alzheimer's disease.
CHIP Chaperones Wild Type p53 Tumor Suppressor Protein (2007)

Wild type p53 exists in a constant state of equilibrium between wild type and mutant conformation and undergoes conformational changes at elevated temperature. We have demonstrated that the co-chaperone CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein), which suppressed aggregation of several misfolded substrates and induced the proteasomal degradation of both wild type and mutant p53, physically interacts with the amino terminus of WT53 and prevented it from irreversible thermal inactivation. CHIP preferentially binds to the p53 mutant phenotype and restored the DNA binding activity of heat-denatured p53 in an ATP-independent manner. In cells under elevated temperatures that contained a higher level of p53 mutant phenotype, CHIP restored the native-like conformation of p53 in the presence of geldanamycin, whereas CHIP-small interfering RNA considerably increased the mutant form. Further, under elevated temperatures, the levels of CHIP and p53 were higher in nucleus, and chromatin immunoprecipitation shows the presence of p53 and CHIP together upon the DNA binding site in the p21 and p53 promoters. We propose that CHIP might be a direct chaperone of wild type p53 that helps p53 in maintaining wild type conformation under physiological condition as well as help resurrect p53 mutant phenotype into a folded native state under stress condition.
Antitumor tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids from the colonial ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntitumor tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids from the colonial ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinataAmy E. Wright, Dorilyn A. Forleo, Geewananda P. Gunawardana, Sarath P. Gunasekera, Frank E. Koehn, and Oliver J. McConnellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 15, 4508–4512Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00302a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00302a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1026Altmetric-Citations220LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A reconfigurable logic machine for fast event-driven simulation (1998)

As the density of VLSI circuits increases, software techniques cannot effectively simulate designs through the millions of simulation cycles needed for verification. Emulation can supply the necessary capacity and performance, but emulation is limited to designs that are structural or can be synthesized. This paper discusses a new system architecture that dramatically accelerates event-driven behavioral simulation and describes how it is merged with emulation.
Glass Transitions of the Poly-(n-Alkyl Methacrylates) (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlass Transitions of the Poly-(n-Alkyl Methacrylates)Senta Rogers and Leo MandelkernCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1957, 61, 7, 985–991Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150553a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j150553a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1846Altmetric-Citations277LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Tablet-based valuators that provide one, two, or three degrees of freedom (1981)

The ability of the user of a graphics system to interactively control the motions of 3-D objects enhances his or her spatial perception and comprehension of those objects. This paper describes several logical devices based on the tablet, each particularly suited to control some type of interactive manipulation of 2-D and 3-D objects in real time. The “turntable” and the “stirrer” convert rotary motion of the tablet pen or puck into values for one-axis rotational control; the “rack”, a two-axis device, is used for scaling control; for three-axis rotational control, the tablet-based three-axis trackball is particularly suited.
Phase measurement of light absorption and scatter in human tissue (1998)

Analog and digital technologies are presented for precise measurement of propagation delay of photons from source and detector placed on portions of the human body. The goal of the apparatus design is to quantify absorption (μa) and scattering (μs′) induced by biological pigments and biological structures, respectively. Body tissues are highly scattering with a mean distance between scatterers of less than a mm (at 700–850 nm). Significant absorption is mainly due to 5%–10% of the tissue volume occupied by blood. Measurement of μa and μs′ is done by both time and frequency domain equipment. This article focuses upon frequency domain equipment because of its simplicity, reduced noise bandwidth, versatility, and the strong analogy to very high frequency/ultrahigh frequency communication devices, particularly those using phase modulation. Comparisons are made of homodyne and heterodyne systems together with evaluation of single and multiple side band systems, with particular emphasis on methods for multiplexed optical and radio frequencies by frequency encoding or time-sharing technologies. The applications of these phase modulation systems to quantitative brain and muscle blood oximetry, functional activity of the forebrain, and other important problems of medical science, are presented.
Staphylococcal Wound Infection in the Pig: Part I. Course (1989)

Full-thickness excision wounds infected with Staphylococcus hyicus, a pig pathogen, or Staphylococcus aureus, a human pathogen, were produced in pigs. The inoculated wounds were kept occluded for 2 days and then exposed and biopsied at intervals for 9 to 12 days. The exposed lesions were edematous and exudative. The S. aureus model was experimentally advantageous because the infection remained localized to the wound without systemic infection or signs of discomfort. The S. hyicus infection caused a rash with skin blisters; thus, its use is discouraged. The concentration of S. hyicus in the wound on day 2 was log 8.6 +/- 0.4 CFU/g (mean +/- standard deviation). On day 4 the mean was log 9.2. For S. aureus the values were log 8.0 +/- 0.9 on day 2 and 6.9 on day 4 (p less than 0.05). Of the 50 individual values in the S. aureus series, 45 were above log 5. The inflammatory reaction was more pronounced after the infection with S. hyicus, whereas with S. aureus the fibroblast response came earlier and was more pronounced. The model parallels typical clinical courses of staphylococcal infection.
The Role of Ciliated Protozoa in Subsurface Flow Wetlands and their Potential as Bioindicators (1999)

The role of ciliated protozoa in the root zone method of wastewater treatment was assessed by analyzing ciliate community structure in four experimental subsurface flow wetlands (planted or unplanted in either soil or gravel) and estimating Escherichia coli removal due to ciliate predation. A total of 22 different ciliate taxa were isolated from the four reed beds. The first third of each bed contained a higher abundance and diversity than the final third of the bed. There was a qualitative correlation between physicochemical conditions and ciliate community structure: microaerophilic species dominated the organic-rich and oxygen-poor environment of the unplanted soil bed; aerobic and facultative bacterivorous species dominated the better oxygenated gravel beds; a combination of these two communities was found in the planted soil bed. The average grazing rates of ciliates was around 5 times higher in the planted gravel bed (49 bacteria/ciliate/hour) than in the unplanted soil bed (9.5 bacteria/ciliate/hour). Taking into account the retention time and ciliate abundance, it was calculated that ciliates, by their predatory activities, are capable of removing up to 2.35 × 105 and 0.45 × 105E. coli in the first third of the planted gravel bed and unplanted soil bed, respectively. These results are discussed in relation to variation in E. coli removal kinetics. The potential for using ciliate communities as indicators of conditions within constructed wetlands is also assessed.
Blood Substitutes: Principles, Methods, Products and Clinical Trials (1997)

Part I Present status of substitutes in phase II and phase III clinical trials: donor uses in surgery and the potential for blood substitues the clinical development of human polymerized haemoglobin and HemAssist (DCLHb) - potentially a complementary therapeutic team Hemolink, an o-Raffinose crosslinked haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier overview of preclinical and clinical efficacy of biopure's HBOC's fluorocarbon-based oxygen-delivery - basic principles and product development perfluorochemical emulations - future alternatives to transfusion. Part II Future generations of substitutes: cell-free haeomoglobin and tissue oxidants - probing the mechanisms of haemoglobin cytotoxicity crosslinked haeomglobin-superoxide dismutase-catalase - a second generation haeomoglobin based substitute with antioxidant activities lipsome delivery of haemoglobin - molecular and cellular interactions in the vascular pool nanoencapsulation of haemoglobin and red cell enzymes based on nanotechnology and biodegradable polymer.
An Analytical Comparison of Dako 28-8 PharmDx Assay and an E1L3N Laboratory-Developed Test in the Immunohistochemical Detection of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (2016)

Epitope retrieval and highly sensitive detection reagents are key determinants in IHC detection of PD-L1.
Molecular biology and regulation of nucleoside and nucleobase transporter proteins in eukaryotes and prokaryotes (2002)

The molecular cloning of cDNAs encoding nucleoside transporter proteins has greatly advanced understanding of how nucleoside permeants are translocated across cell membranes. The nucleoside transporter proteins identified thus far have been categorized into five distinct superfamilies. Two of these superfamilies, the equilibrative and concentrative nucleoside transporters, have human members and these will be examined in depth in this review. The human equilibrative nucleoside transporters translocate nucleosides and nucleobases bidirectionally down their concentration gradients and are important in the uptake of anticancer and antiviral nucleoside drugs. The human concentrative nucleoside transporters cotranslocate nucleosides and sodium unidirectionally against the nucleoside concentration gradients and play a vital role in certain tissues. The regulation of nucleoside and nucleobase transporters is being studied more intensely now that more tools are available. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the molecular biology and regulation of the nucleoside and nucleobase transporters.Key words: nucleoside transporter, nucleoside transport, nucleobase transporter, nucleobase transport, regulation of nucleoside and nucleobase transport, nucleoside drugs.