gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Metaflow architecture (1991)

The Metaflow architecture, a unified approach to maximizing the performance of superscalar microprocessors, is introduced. The Metaflow architecture exploits inherent instruction-level parallelism in conventional sequential programs by hardware means, without relying on optimizing compilers. It is based on a unified structure, the DRIS (deferred-scheduling, register-renaming instruction shelf), that manages out-of-order execution and most of the attendant problems. Coupling the DRIS with a speculative-execution mechanism that avoids conditional branch stalls results in performance limited only be inherent instruction-level parallelism and available execution resources. Although presented in the context of superscalar machines, the technique is equally applicable to a superpipelined implementation. Lightning, the first implementation of the Metaflow architecture, which executes the Sparc RISC instruction set is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Common Expression of Varicella-Zoster Viral Glycoprotein Antigens in Vitro and in Chickenpox and Zoster Vesicles (1983)

Human cells infected with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) produce at least three major virus-specific, immunogenic glycoproteins: gp118, gp98, and gp62. Since glycoproteins gp98 and gp62 were found to be prominent constituents of the infected cell membrane, a murine monoclonal antibody (clone 3B3) that reacted avidly with this glycoprotein complex was selected as a probe for detection of VZV replication in laboratory and clinical settings. Cultured cells of human, simian, and caviid origin, when infected with wild-type isolates as well as laboratory and vaccine strains of VZV all expressed these viral glycoproteins. The monoclonal antibody immunostained the basal and malpighian epithelial layers of a zoster vesicle biopsy specimen and also reacted with all specimens of vesicular cells obtained from epidemiologically unrelated patients with chickenpox and zoster. Thus, these studies demonstrate that the VZV-specific glycoprotein complex gp98/gp62 is highly conserved, abundantly expressed, and easily detected with a monoclonal antibody probe.
Experimental Investigation on Patterning of Anchored and Unanchored Aligned Carbon Nanotube Mats by Fluid Immersion and Evaporation (2007)

Pattern formation by capillary forces in a nanoscale system was studied experimentally. Densely packed, vertically aligned mats of order 100 microns in height comprised of 20 nm diameter multi-walled carbon nanotubes were fabricated and treated with various liquids. The carbon nanotubes deflected and rearranged under the action of surface tension as the liquids evaporated, and remained fixed once dried. The size analysis of the resulting patterns in these experiments and in the literature showed they are distributed within one standard deviation from the mean, and there are, in general, many more small sizes than large ones within a pattern. Preexisting defects in the mats were found to play a significant role in the pattern formation process, both in this work and in the literature, whereas the properties of the specific liquid used and the height of the mats did not. A novel method for anchoring the aligned mats within another material using spin-coating was developed. An anchored mat made in this way was successfully held in place even under the application of a 5.5 m/s water jet. The anchoring method allowed the first known investigation of the role of boundary conditions in this pattern formation process. Under identical experimental conditions to cases where patterns are formed in the unanchored mats, it was found that no pattern formation occurs in the anchored mats. A population balance model based on conservation of area was applied to the pattern formation process, but sufficient details are lacking to make predictions. The anchoring method and its prevention of pattern formation is a very important finding, and is relevant to applications of the aligned mats, such as field emission displays, supercapacitors, tissue culture scaffolds, and friction drag reducing surfaces.
Reactions of 8-(Triphenylphosphoimino)quinoline with Aryl Aldehydes and Aryl Isocyanates: Formation of 2-Aryl-4H-imidazo[4,5,1-ij]quinolines and Related Systems (2006)

The reaction of 8-(triphenylphosphoimino)quinoline with aryl aldehydes gave 2-aryl-4H-imidazo[4,5,1-ij]quinolines. In the reaction, tandem aza-Wittig reaction and cyclization attended with hydride shift occurred. The reaction of 8-(triphenylphosphoimino)quinoline with aryl isocyanates gave 1,3-diaryl-1,2,3,9a-tetrahydro[1,3,5]triazolo[2',3':2,1;3',4'-a]imidazo[4,5,1-ij]quinolin-2-ones (11) and 2-(arylamino)imidazo[4,5,1-ij]quinolin-4(4H)-ones (12). The structures of 11a (Ar = Ph) and 12a (Ar = Ph) were confirmed by X-Ray structure analyses.
Apoptosis and necrosis: different execution of the same death (1999)

Regardless of whether apoptosis or necrosis are elicited by toxicants or by pathophysiological conditions, they are considered conceptually distinct forms of cell death. Nevertheless, there is increasing evidence that classical apoptosis and necrosis represent only the extreme ends of a wide range of possible morphological and biochemical deaths. The two classical types of demise can occur simultaneously in tissues or cell cultures exposed to the same stimulus and, often, the intensity of the same initial insult decides the prevalence of either apoptosis or necrosis. The execution of the death programme seems to involve a relatively limited number of pathways. In many instances, their ordered execution results in characteristic morphological and biochemical changes termed apoptosis. However, some subroutines of the degradation programme may not be active in all cases of cell death. Then, the morphological appearance of dying cells and some of their biochemical alterations differ from those of classical apoptosis. We have recently shown that intracellular energy levels and mitochondrial function are rapidly compromised in necrosis, but not in apoptosis, of neuronal cells. Then we went on to show that pre-emptying human T-cells of ATP switches the type of demise caused by two classic apoptotic triggers (staurosporine and CD95 stimulation) from apoptosis to necrosis. Conditions of controlled intracellular ATP depletion, obtained by blocking mitochondrial and/or glycolytic ATP generation, were used in combination with repletion of the cytosolic ATP pool with glucose to redirect the death programme towards apoptosis or necrosis.
Bispecific antibody pretargeting PET (immunoPET) with an 124I-labeled hapten-peptide. (2006)

Bispecific antibody pretargeting has a significant advantage for tumor imaging over directly radiolabeled antibodies and could provide additional enhancements for oncologic imaging, particularly for improving targeting specificity as compared with 18F-FDG.
Induction of Autophagy during Extracellular Matrix Detachment Promotes Cell Survival (2007)

Autophagy has been proposed to promote cell death during lumen formation in three-dimensional mammary epithelial acini because numerous autophagic vacuoles are observed in the dying central cells during morphogenesis. Because these central cells die due to extracellular matrix (ECM) deprivation (anoikis), we have directly interrogated how matrix detachment regulates autophagy. Detachment induces autophagy in both nontumorigenic epithelial lines and in primary epithelial cells. RNA interference-mediated depletion of autophagy regulators (ATGs) inhibits detachment-induced autophagy, enhances apoptosis, and reduces clonogenic recovery after anoikis. Remarkably, matrix-detached cells still exhibit autophagy when apoptosis is blocked by Bcl-2 overexpression, and ATG depletion reduces the clonogenic survival of Bcl-2-expressing cells after detachment. Finally, stable reduction of ATG5 or ATG7 in MCF-10A acini enhances luminal apoptosis during morphogenesis and fails to elicit long-term luminal filling, even when combined with apoptotic inhibition mediated by Bcl-2 overexpression. Thus, autophagy promotes epithelial cell survival during anoikis, including detached cells harboring antiapoptotic lesions.
Randomness meets feedback: stochastic implementation of logistic map dynamical system (2015)

Stochastic Computing (SC) is a digital computation approach that operates on random bit streams to perform complex tasks with much smaller hardware footprints compared to conventional approaches that employ binary radix. For stochastic logic to work, the input random bit streams have to be independent, which is a challenge when implementing systems with feedback: outputs that are generated based on input bit streams would be correlated to those streams and cannot be readily combined as inputs to stochastic logic for another iteration of the function. We propose re-randomization techniques for stochastic computing and use the Logistic Map x → r x(1−x) as a case study for dynamical systems in general. We show that complex behaviors such as period-doubling and chaos do indeed occur in digital logic with only a few gates operating on a few 0's and 1's. We employ a number of techniques such as random number generator sharing and using table-lookup pre-computations to significantly reduce the total energy of the computation. Compared to the conventional binary approach, we achieve between 8% and 25% energy consumption.
True-Time-Delay Beamforming With a Rotman-Lens for Ultrawideband Antenna Systems (2010)

An analytical design model for Rotman-lenses is presented, with an accurate treatment of the return loss of the ports and their phase centers. The detailed design equations allow a very fast prototyping prior to numerical simulations for the final adjustment. Based on the presented model a prototype has been built for the true-time-delay phasing of an antenna array for the ultrawideband frequency range from 3.1 GHz - 10.6 GHz. Measurement results of the prototype together with an antenna array for transient systems are presented in the time and frequency domain.
Rescue of exhausted CD8 T cells by PD-1–targeted therapies is CD28-dependent (2017)

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)-targeted therapies enhance T cell responses and show efficacy in multiple cancers, but the role of costimulatory molecules in this T cell rescue remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the CD28/B7 costimulatory pathway is essential for effective PD-1 therapy during chronic viral infection. Conditional gene deletion showed a cell-intrinsic requirement of CD28 for CD8 T cell proliferation after PD-1 blockade. B7-costimulation was also necessary for effective PD-1 therapy in tumor-bearing mice. In addition, we found that CD8 T cells proliferating in blood after PD-1 therapy of lung cancer patients were predominantly CD28-positive. Taken together, these data demonstrate CD28-costimulation requirement for CD8 T cell rescue and suggest an important role for the CD28/B7 pathway in PD-1 therapy of cancer patients.
AUTOMATIC VULNERABILITY DETECTION USING STATIC SOURCE CODE ANALYSIS (2005)

We present a static source analysis technique for vulnerability detection in C programs. Our approach is based on a combination of taint analysis, a well known vulnerability detection method, and value range propagation, a technique previously used for compiler optimizations. We examine a sample set of vulnerabilities and develop a vulnerability classification based on common source code patterns. We identify three common characteristics present in most software vulnerabilities: one, data is read from an untrusted source, two, untrusted data is insufficiently validated, and three, untrusted data is used in a potentially vulnerable function or a language construct. We develop a static source analysis that is able to identify execution paths with these three characteristics and report them as potential vulnerabilities. We present an efficient implementation of our approach as an extension to the GNU C Compiler. We discuss the benefits of integrating a vulnerability detection system in a compiler. Finally, we present experimental results indicating a high level of accuracy of our technique.
An Audio-Based Sports Video Segmentation and Event Detection Algorithm (2005)

In this paper, we present an audio-based event detection algorithm shown to be effective when applied to Soccer video. The main benefit of this approach is the ability to recognise patterns that display high levels of crowd response correlated to key events. The soundtrack from a Soccer sequence is first parameterised using Mel-frequency Cepstral coefficients. It is then segmented into homogenous components using a windowing algorithm with a decision process based on Bayesian model selection. This decision process eliminated the need for defining a heuristic set of rules for segmentation. Each audio segment is then labelled using a series of Hidden Markov model (HMM) classifiers, each a representation of one of 6 predefined semantic content classes found in Soccer video. Exciting events are identified as those segments belonging to a crowd cheering class. Experimentation indicated that the algorithm was more effective for classifying crowd response when compared to traditional model-based segmentation and classification techniques.
Macrophages, but not dendritic cells, accumulate colloidal carbon following administration in situ (1993)

The dendritic cell system operates in situ to capture and present antigens in a form that is immunogenic to T cells. It is likely that dendritic cells require endocytic activity in order to process antigens. On the other hand, macrophages are considered to be the principal cells that internalize substrates in situ. We therefore investigated the phenotype of cells that scavenge the indigestible endocytic tracer, colloidal carbon, by phenotyping the endocytic cells with monoclonal antibodies that help distinguish macrophages from dendritic cells. Of some importance was the monoclonal N418, an antibody to the p150/90 leukocyte beta 2 integrin. FACS analyses on isolates from blood, spleen and peritoneal cavity showed that N418 reacts primarily with dendritic cells. N418 also stained dendritic profiles strongly in tissue sections of liver and spleen, but most of the cells that actively endocytosed carbon in both organs showed little or no N418 staining. Likewise, carbon could not be identified in cells that react with M342, which stains intracellular granules of dendritic cells. In contrast, the carbon-labeled cells in both liver and spleen were labeled with antibodies (SER-4, F4/80, FA11) that bind primarily to isolated macrophages. Therefore the clearance of colloidal carbon in situ reflects the scavenging activity of macrophages and not the endocytic activity that underlies the antigen presenting function of dendritic cells.
Abstract 1935: Potent anti-tumor effects of TIC10 require Foxo3a and TRAIL gene upregulation (2012)

Abstract TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; Apo2L) is an endogenous protein that induces tumor-selective apoptosis and is currently being tested in clinical trials as an anti-tumor agent. Despite promising preclinical activity, recombinant human TRAIL suffers from efficacy-limiting properties such as short serum half-life, stability, cost, and limitations in delivery, e.g. to the central nervous system. We hypothesized that induction of the human TRAIL gene by small molecules may overcome these limitations of TRAIL-based protein therapy. A cell-based luciferase reporter screen using the human TRAIL promoter identified TIC10 as a p53-independent small molecule inducer of the TRAIL gene. TIC10 induces TRAIL on the surface of normal and tumor cells, in sera of non-tumor-bearing mice, and throughout the tumor microenvironment. Co-culture experiments suggest that TRAIL upregulation by normal cells can contribute to the anti-tumor response of TIC10 through a TRAIL-mediated bystander effect. TIC10-induced TRAIL causes tumor-specific and TRAIL-mediated cell death as indicated by inhibition of cytotoxic effects following TRAIL gene knockdown in vitro and in vivo. Expression profiling of TIC10-induced transcriptional changes revealed altered expression levels of Foxo3a target genes, including DR5. We found that TIC10 causes the nuclear translocation of Foxo3a, but not Foxo1, to upregulate TRAIL gene transcription as determined by chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays. Western blot analysis indicated that TIC10 potently inhibits the phosphorylation of Foxo3a at Ser253 and Ser294 that normally docks the transcription factor to 14-3-3 proteins in the cytosol. Dual inhibition of Akt and ERK by TIC10, by other individual small molecule kinase inhibitors in combination or targeted siRNA inhibited the phosphorylation of these critical serine residues and synergistically induced Foxo3a-dependent TRAIL and TRAIL-mediated cell death. TIC10 is a promising first-in-class anti-tumor agent with a broad range of anti-tumor effects in preclinical animal models including othrotopic GBM, immunocompetent lymphoma, xenografted colon, lung, or breast cancers, and exhibits synergy with taxanes as well as bevacizumab among other agents. TIC10 appears to have no measurable toxic effects in mice including evaluation of serum chemistries, liver function studies, LDH, tissue histology, weight of the animals or behavioral changes. We are pursuing the clinical translation of these important findings that indicate a favorable and wide therapeutic index for a novel anti-tumor agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1935. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1935
A Morphometric Study of Human Lumbar and Selected Thoracic Vertebrae (1987)

The results of a morphometric study of selected human vertebrae undertaken to provide data for implant design are presented in this report. Twenty-seven dimensions were measured from thoracic (T2, T7, T12) and lumbar (L1-L5) vertebrae using prepared spinal columns from 30 skeletons belonging to the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection. Maximum and minimum pedicle dimensions indicated that the pedicles are less symmetric cephalad than they are caudal. Vertebral body height increases caudally except posteriorly where, after an initial increase, it decreases in the lower lumbar region. Major and minor body diameters and the major spinal canal diameter slightly increase caudally, whereas minor spinal canal diameter exhibits little or no change.
Residual stress measurement in ductile cast iron using critically refracted longitudinal (Lcr) wave technique (1991)

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Differential recruitment of leukocyte populations and alteration of airway hyperreactivity by C-C family chemokines in allergic airway inflammation (1997)

Allergic airway inflammation is characterized by peribronchial leukocyte accumulation within the airway. Subsequent tissue damage leading to airway hyperreactivity is a result of activation of multiple leukocyte populations. Using an established model of allergic airway inflammation induced by intratracheal challenge with parasite (Schistosoma mansoni) egg Ag in presensitized mice, we have examined differential leukocyte recruitment. These studies have identified key chemokines involved in the accumulation of specific subsets of cells and the induction of airway hyperreactivity. In this study we have examined three C-C family chemokines, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and RANTES, which promote mononuclear cell- and eosinophil-specific recruitment to the airway. The in vivo neutralization of either MIP-1alpha or RANTES, but not MCP-1, significantly reduced the intensity of the eosinophil recruitment to the lung and airway during the allergic airway response by >50 and >60%, respectively. In contrast, neutralization of MCP-1 significantly reduced total leukocyte migration (>50% reduction), whereas neutralization of RANTES and MIP-1alpha had no significant affect on the overall leukocyte migration. Further examination of the effect of MCP-1 depletion indicated that both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets were decreased. Depletion of MCP-1 significantly reduced the airway hyperreactivity to near control levels, whereas depletion of MIP-1alpha or RANTES did not affect the intensity of airway hyperreactivity. These data indicate that multiple C-C chemokines are involved in the recruitment of particular leukocyte populations and that neutralization of MCP-1, but not RANTES or MIP-1alpha, significantly reduced airway hyperreactivity.
Research directions in data wrangling: Visualizations and transformations for usable and credible data (2011)

In spite of advances in technologies for working with data, analysts still spend an inordinate amount of time diagnosing data quality issues and manipulating data into a usable form. This process of ‘data wrangling’ often constitutes the most tedious and time-consuming aspect of analysis. Though data cleaning and integration arelongstanding issues in the database community, relatively little research has explored how interactive visualization can advance the state of the art. In this article, we review the challenges and opportunities associated with addressing data quality issues. We argue that analysts might more effectively wrangle data through new interactive systems that integrate data verification, transformation, and visualization. We identify a number of outstanding research questions, including how appropriate visual encodings can facilitate apprehension of missing data, discrepant values, and uncertainty; how interactive visualizations might facilitate data transform specification; and how recorded provenance and social interaction might enable wider reuse, verification, and modification of data transformations.
Comparison of morphine and tramadol by patient‐controlled analgesia for postoperative analgesia after tonsillectomy in children (2005)

Intravenous patient-controlled tramadol is an alternative to patient-controlled morphine for postoperative pain relief in children after tonsillectomy. Morphine gave better postoperative pain relief, but was associated with a higher incidence of nausea than tramadol.
THE CHANGE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM HYALURONIC ACID TYPE IV COLLAGEN LAMININ IN PATIENTS WITH LYMPHOMA (2002)

Objective:To investigate the change and significance of serum Hyalurate acid (HA), type Ⅳ collagen (Ⅳ-C) and Laminin (LN)in patients with Lymphoma.Methods:Serum HA?Ⅳ-C and LN of 68 lymphoma and 28 controls were measured by radioimmunology assay.Results:1.There was a significant difference in Ⅳ-C and LN between lymphoma and control ( P 0.001) 2.There was a significant difference in HA between non-Hodkin lymphoma and control ( P 0.001) While there was no significant difference in HA between Hodgkin disease and control ( P 0.05). 3.HA?Ⅳ and LN of lymphoma decreased after the remission of this disease and increased when lymphoma recurred.Conclusion:Serum HA?Ⅳ and LN can serve as the index of lymphoma remission, recurrence and prognosis.