gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic electroporation for cellular analysis and delivery (2013)

Electroporation is a simple yet powerful technique for breaching the cell membrane barrier. The applications of electroporation can be generally divided into two categories: the release of intracellular proteins, nucleic acids and other metabolites for analysis and the delivery of exogenous reagents such as genes, drugs and nanoparticles with therapeutic purposes or for cellular manipulation. In this review, we go over the basic physics associated with cell electroporation and highlight recent technological advances on microfluidic platforms for conducting electroporation. Within the context of its working mechanism, we summarize the accumulated knowledge on how the parameters of electroporation affect its performance for various tasks. We discuss various strategies and designs for conducting electroporation at the microscale and then focus on analysis of intracellular contents and delivery of exogenous agents as two major applications of the technique. Finally, an outlook for future applications of microfluidic electroporation in increasingly diverse utilities is presented.
Use of Real-Time Quantitative PCR To Detect Chlamydophila felis Infection (2001)

A real-time PCR assay was developed to detect and quantify Chlamydophila felis infection of cats. The assay uses a molecular beacon to specifically identify the major outer membrane protein gene, is highly reproducible, and is able to detect fewer than 10 genomic copies.
PIB is a non-specific imaging marker of amyloid-beta (A ) peptide-related cerebral amyloidosis (2007)

The in vivo imaging probe [11C]-PIB (Pittsburgh Compound B, N-methyl[11C]2-(4'-methylaminophenyl-6-hydroxybenzathiazole) is under evaluation as a key imaging tool in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to date has been assumed to bind with high affinity and specificity to the amyloid structures associated with classical plaques (CPs), one of the pathological hallmarks of the disease. However, no studies have systematically investigated PIB binding to human neuropathological brain specimens at the tracer concentrations achieved during in vivo imaging scans. Using a combination of autoradiography and histochemical techniques, we demonstrate that PIB, in addition to binding CPs clearly delineates diffuse plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The interaction of PIB with CAA was not fully displaceable and this may be linked to the apolipoprotein E-epsilon4 allele. PIB was also found to label neurofibrillary tangles, although the overall intensity of this binding was markedly lower than that associated with the amyloid-beta (Abeta) pathology. The data provide a molecular explanation for PIB's limited specificity in diagnosing and monitoring disease progression in AD and instead indicate that the ligand is primarily a non-specific marker of Abeta-peptide related cerebral amyloidosis.
Synthesis of Complex Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates:  Enzyme-Based and Programmable One-Pot Strategies (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Complex Carbohydrates and Glycoconjugates: Enzyme-Based and Programmable One-Pot StrategiesKathryn M. Koeller and Chi-Huey WongView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 12, 4465–4494Publication Date (Web):October 4, 2000Publication History Received21 February 2000Published online4 October 2000Published inissue 1 December 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr990297nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr990297nresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5048Altmetric-Citations433LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Chemical synthesis,Monomers,Oligosaccharides,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
The Loading Module of Rifamycin Synthetase Is an Adenylation−Thiolation Didomain with Substrate Tolerance for Substituted Benzoates (2001)

The rifamycin synthetase is primed with a 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoate starter unit by a loading module that contains domains homologous to the adenylation and thiolation domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases. Adenylation and thiolation activities of the loading module were reconstituted in vitro and shown to be independent of coenzyme A, countering literature proposals that the loading module is a coenzyme A ligase. Kinetic parameters for covalent arylation of the loading module were measured directly for the unnatural substrates benzoate and 3-hydroxybenzoate. This analysis was extended through competition experiments to determine the relative rates of incorporation of a series of substituted benzoates. Our results show that the loading module can accept a variety of substituted benzoates, although it exhibits a preference for the 3-, 5-, and 3,5-disubstituted benzoates that most closely resemble its biological substrate. The considerable substrate tolerance of the loading module of rifamycin synthetase suggests that the module has potential as a tool for generating substituted derivatives of natural products.
Lectin‐Binding Sites Involved in Paramecium primaurelia Mating Pair Formation (1997)

ABSTRACT. Mating pair formation in Paramecium primaurelia was shown to be inhibited by incubating mating‐competent mating type (mt) I and mt U cells with Limulus polyphemus agglutinin (LPA) or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Preincubation of LPA and WGA with their specific binding‐monosaccharides, N‐acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) and N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), respectively, prevented the lectin effect on pair formation. Addition either of NeuAc or GlcNAc resulted in a reversal of cell pairing inhibition by LPA or WGA, respectively. Both NeuAc and GlcNAc monosaccharides inhibited pair formation when their concentration exceeded a threshold value. The pattern of the relative distribution of NeuAc and GlcNAc molecules on the cell surface was analyzed using fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques combined with imaging systems. Mt I1 cells showed a high lectin‐binding site density localized just on the surface region engaged in conjugation. The pattern of mt I cells, consisting of a quite homogeneous lectin‐binding site density spread on the cell surface, was also common to nonmating‐competent cells and to immature cells. These findings suggest that in P. primaurelia pair formation involves both NeuAc and GlcNAc residues and that the development of mating‐competence is related to a modification in NeuAc and GlcNAc relative distribution on the cell surface of mt 11 cells.
Cholesterol, endothelial function and cardiovascular disease (1998)

Hypercholesterolaemia is associated with endothelial dysfunction and increased risk of atheromatous disease. Although endothelial dysfunction has been demonstrated early in the course of the disease process, it remains difficult to establish a causal relationship. Despite this, endothelial function has been used as a surrogate marker in small trials to identify and assess the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions to reduce cardiovascular mortality, before large scale clinical trials are undertaken. Recently, arterial stiffness has emerged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and may provide a link between hypercholesterolaemia, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and stroke.
Bacteria herald a new era of gene editing (2013)

The demonstration that nucleases guided by bacterial RNA can disrupt human genes represents a landmark in the rapidly developing field of genome engineering.
B1 estimation using adiabatic refocusing: BEAR (2013)

This method's high dynamic range, ability to make fast projection measurements, and linear quantitative relationship between phase and B1 make it an ideal candidate for use in robust transmitter gain calibration.
The Spartacus telethesis: manipulator control studies. (1979)

This paper describes a method and an experimental system permitting a severely handicapped operator, such as a quadriplegic, to control a telemanipulator. These developments form the first phase in the design of the Spartacus "telethesis". This is a manipulator system specifically developed for a quadriplegic person. Manipulator control experiments which are discussed concern four quadriplegics who have used the experimental system for significant periods of time. The present system is a laboratory simulation of a telethesis, consisting of an industrial manipulator controlled by a mini-computer. A flexible semi-sequential control and a variety of transducers permit the system to be adapted to the individual user. Thus far, the experiments performed have shown the feasibility for the four quadriplegics to effectively control a telemanipulator, using head movements and some remaining arm movements in various modes of end-point control. In particular, a position control and a "piloting" type of velocity control, both with the addition of some force limitation, have given promising results.
Real-time volume rendering on shared memory multiprocessors using the shear-warp factorization (1995)

Article Real-time volume rendering on shared memory multiprocessors using the shear-warp factorization Share on Author: Philippe Lacroute Computer Systems Laboratory, Standford University Computer Systems Laboratory, Standford UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims PRS '95: Proceedings of the IEEE symposium on Parallel renderingDecember 1995 Pages 15–22https://doi.org/10.1145/218327.218331Online:01 December 1995Publication History 72citation512DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations72Total Downloads512Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Long- and short-lived murine hematopoietic stem cell clones individually identified with retroviral integration markers (1990)

The proliferative longevity of totipotent hematopoietic stem cells (THSC) is a limiting factor in normal hematopoiesis and in therapy by cell- or gene-replacement, but has not yet been ascertained. We have followed the long-term fate of individual clones of mouse THSC from fetal liver or adult bone marrow, after labeling in culture, followed by engraftment and serial transplantation in unirradiated W/Wv-C57BL/6 hosts. The ancestor cell of each clone and its mitotic progeny were uniquely identifiable retrospectively by the DNA integration pattern experimentally produced by replication-incompetent recombinant murine retroviruses. These viruses provided physiologically neutral markers. The marked clones proved to be derived from THSC, based on their contributions to a wide array of myeloid and lymphoid blood lineages in the hosts. The label also identified the target cells as the population displaying clonal succession. The various labeled stem cell clones proliferated for substantially different periods of time. The longest observed clone endured, after the original cell was marked, for at least 2 1/2 years--the equivalent of a mouse's lifetime. However, the results suggest that THSC clones are not all long-lived and that even the longest-lived ones may not be potentially immortal. Thus, the unpredictable lifespan of any given THSC clone indicates the desirability of introducing multiple clones in therapeutic transplants.
Tutorial on Variational Autoencoders (2016)

In just three years, Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have emerged as one of the most popular approaches to unsupervised learning of complicated distributions. VAEs are appealing because they are built on top of standard function approximators (neural networks), and can be trained with stochastic gradient descent. VAEs have already shown promise in generating many kinds of complicated data, including handwritten digits, faces, house numbers, CIFAR images, physical models of scenes, segmentation, and predicting the future from static images. This tutorial introduces the intuitions behind VAEs, explains the mathematics behind them, and describes some empirical behavior. No prior knowledge of variational Bayesian methods is assumed.
C5b–9 and adhesion molecules in human idiopathic membranous nephropathy (2002)

In IMN, C5b-9 formation may be secondary to IgG and C3 deposition. Proteinuria may contribute to the TIN damage by altering the expression of alpha3beta1 integrins in tubular cells. De novo ICAM-1 and C5b-9 expression within the TIN as well as the activated interstitial cells may be important factors leading to renal damage and renal function impairment.
Beneficial effects of terlipressin in prolonged pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A case series (2007)

The combination of terlipressin to epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation may have a beneficial effect in children with cardiac arrest. More studies on this drug's safety and efficacy in this setting are mandated.
Mutational analysis of regulated exocytosis in Tetrahymena (1998)

Genetic analysis of regulated exocytosis can be accomplished in ciliates, since mutants defective in stimulus-dependent secretion of dense-core vesicles can be identified. In Tetrahymena thermophila, secretion in wild-type cells can result in their encapsulation by the proteins released from vesicle cores. Cells with defects in secretion were isolated from mutagenized homozygous cells that were generated using a highly efficient method. Screening was based both on a visual assay for encapsulation, and on a novel panning step using differential centrifugation to take advantage of the selective mobility of mutants that fail to encapsulate upon stimulation. 18 mutants with defects in several ordered steps have been identified. Defects in a set of these could be localized to three stages: granule formation, transport to cell surface docking sites, and exocytosis itself. Mutants with defects in this last stage can be ordered into successive steps based on several criteria, including their responsiveness to multiple secretagogues and Ca2+ ionophores. The results of both somatic and genetic complementation on selected pairs also help to characterize the defective factors.
Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields and Recently Updated Safety Guidelines for Strong Static Magnetic Fields (2011)

Humans are exposed daily to artificial and naturally occurring magnetic fields that originate from many different sources. We review recent studies that examine the biological effects of and medical applications involving electromagnetic fields, review the properties of static and pulsed electromagnetic fields that affect biological systems, describe the use of a pulsed electromagnetic field in combination with an anticancer agent as an example of a medical application that incorporates an electromagnetic field, and discuss the recently updated safety guidelines for static electromagnetic fields. The most notable modifications to the 2009 International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection guidelines are the increased exposure limits, especially for those who work with or near electromagnetic fields (occupational exposure limits). The recommended increases in exposure were determined using recent scientific evidence obtained from animal and human studies. Several studies since the 1994 publication of the guidelines have examined the effects on humans after exposure to high static electromagnetic fields (up to 9.4 tesla), but additional research is needed to ascertain further the safety of strong electromagnetic fields.
Trends in megabit DRAM circuit design (1990)

The state of the art in megabit dynamic random access memory (DRAM) circuit and chip design is reviewed in terms of essential design parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio, power dissipation, and speed. The memory cell signal charge has decreased gradually with an increase in memory cell size, despite the vertically structured cell designs. To offset this decrease, multidivided data-line structures, low-power design, and transposition of folded data lines are essential. To reduce power dissipation, an increase in the maximum refresh cycle and multidivided data lines combined with shared I/O in addition to a reduced operating voltage are efficient. A BiCMOS circuit provides a high-speed access time with low cost due to the high drivability of the driver and high sensitivity of the amplifier. It is predicted that the current DRAM technology might be diversified in the future so that a large-memory-capacity-oriented technology would coexist with a high-speed-oriented technology, posing power-supply standardization as a continuing serious concern.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Windows 2000 Server简单安全入侵检测 (2004)

目前服务器一般采用Windows、Linux或者Unix作为自身操作系统，而在中国采用Win2000作服务器的不在少数，面对网络上众多的黑客攻击行为，作为一名网络管理员，如何安全的配置我们的Win2000服务器显得尤为重要。
Solid-Phase Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Bicyclic β-Turn Mimetics Incorporating Functionality at theitoi+ 3 Positions (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSolid-Phase Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Bicyclic β-Turn Mimetics Incorporating Functionality at the i to i + 3 PositionsMasakatsu Eguchi, Min S. Lee, Hiroshi Nakanishi, Marcin Stasiak, Scott Lovell, and Michael KahnView Author Information Molecumetics Ltd., 2023 120th Ave. NE, Suite 400 Bellevue, Washington 98005 Department of Pathobiology and Department of Chemistry University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 51, 12204–12205Publication Date (Web):December 14, 1999Publication History Received28 June 1999Published online14 December 1999Published inissue 1 December 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja992203xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja992203xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views625Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Chemical structure,Genetics,Molecular structure,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Manipulations of microfluidic droplets using electrorheological carrier fluid (2008)

Electrorheological (ER) fluids are a type of ''smart'' colloid capable of reversible viscosity variations, or even solidification, in response to an applied electric field. The response time can be as short as a few milliseconds. By using the ER fluid as the carrier fluid in microfluidic chips, we report the generation and manipulation of microdroplets and bubbles via integrated, digitally controlled micro-electrodes equipped with a feedback system. By utilizing the strong electric response of the ER fluid, the flow rate can be easily controlled digitally, thereby making tunable the size of the droplets generated and their separations. In particular, ordering change in a chain of droplets is demonstrated. The maneuverability presented in this paper may have potential applications in a variety of lab chips for chemical reactions, bioassays, as well as microfluidic logic computation.
Surface Structure and High-Voltage Charge/Discharge Characteristics of Al-Oxide Coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2Cathodes (2015)

A sol-gel method was used to fabricate Al-oxide coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes and their surface structure and high-voltage charge/discharge characteristics were evaluated with a view to their potential use in Li-ion batteries. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) revealed that a solid solution of LiAlO2-LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is uniformly formed to a depth of several nanometers from the surface of Al-oxide coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2. Furthermore, the discharge capacity and average discharge voltage of Al-oxide coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is equal to or higher than uncoated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 at a charge voltage of 4.5 to 4.9 V. It was also found that the Al-oxide coating significantly improves the cycle performance at a charge voltage of 4.5 to 4.7 V. A substantial fade in capacity observed during the cycling of bare LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 is attributed to an increase in polarization due to an increased charge transfer resistance (Rct), which is indicative of degradation of the interface between the electrode and electrolyte. However, this increase in polarization and Rct is effectively suppressed in the Al-oxide coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2. This can be explained by an inhibition of the formation of a rock-salt-structured phase in the surface region of bare LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 during cycling, as confirmed by STEM and electron energy loss spectrometry.
Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in tumors in relation with their regression induced by lipid A in rats (1999)

It is well documented that nitric oxide (NO) is an effector molecule of macrophage-mediated tumor cell toxicity in vitro; however, little is known about the role of NO in the antitumor immune response in vivo. We have developed a treatment protocol using lipid A. We have investigated the effects of lipid A on inducible NO synthase (NOS II) expression and evolution inside tumors during the course of treatment. Lipid A (OM-174) treatment induced tumor regression in rats bearing established colon tumors. Furthermore, NO was synthesized and secreted inside the tumors of lipid A-treated rats, as demonstrated by the increase of NOS II mRNA and NOS II content in the tumors, as well as of NOS II activity and NO production. During treatment, NOS II was localized in tumor cells only. Lipid A had no direct effect on tumor cells in vitro, while the combination of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) plus interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) induced production of NO by tumor cells which was cytostatic. The content of IFN-gamma and IL-1beta in tumors was enhanced during lipid A treatment; this is in agreement with an indirect effect of lipid A in vivo via the IFN-gamma and IL-1beta pathways.