gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abducens length and vulnerability? (2004)

The authors conclude from these findings and the literature that abducens nerve vulnerability results from factors other than its intracranial length.
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I regulate a thyroid-specific nuclear protein that binds to the thyroglobulin promoter. (1992)

The mechanism responsible for the stimulation of thyroglobulin (Tg) gene expression by insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells has been investigated. Both insulin and IGF-I stimulate transcription from the Tg promoter in a transient transfection assay demonstrating that the promoter used contains the DNA signals necessary for insulin and IGF-I regulation. Promoter mutations that interfere with the binding of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), TTF-2, and the ubiquitous transcription factor abolish the insulin/IGF-I response, indicating that the three factors may be involved in the observed transcriptional control. Protein-DNA binding studies did not reveal any effect of insulin/IGF-I on the ubiquitous transcription factor and the TTF-1 binding capacity. Instead, TTF-2 is absent in nuclear extracts from cells depleted of serum and insulin. Addition of insulin or IGF-I restores the TTF-2 concentration to normal levels and requires ongoing protein synthesis. The insulin effect was maximal at 24 h and at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. The same effect was observed with a 10-fold lower concentration of IGF-I. These results suggest that insulin (probably through the IGF-I receptor) and IGF-I modulate the levels of TTF-2, which results in an increased expression of the Tg gene.
Pre-ATPG path selection for near optimal post-ATPG process space coverage (2009)

Path delay testing is becoming increasingly important for high-performance chip testing in the presence of process variation. To guarantee full process space coverage, the ensemble of critical paths of all chips irrespective of their manufacturing process conditions needs to be tested, as different chips may have different critical paths. Existing coverage-based path selection techniques, however, suffer from the loss of coverage after ATPG (automatic test pattern generation), i.e., although the pre-ATPG path selection achieves good coverage, after ATPG, the coverage can be severely reduced as many paths turn out to be unsensitizable. This paper presents a novel path selection algorithm that, without running ATPG, selects a set of n paths to achieve near optimal post-ATPG coverage. Details of the algorithm and its optimality conditions are discussed. Experimental results show that, compared to the state-of-the-art, the proposed algorithm achieves not only superior post-ATPG coverage, but also significant runtime speedup.
Lengthening the Human Mandible by Gradual Distraction (1992)

Lengthening of the mandible by gradual distraction was performed on four young patients (average age 78 months). The amount of mandibular bone lengthening ranged from 18 to 24 mm; one patient with Nager's syndrome underwent bilateral mandibular expansion. Following the period of expansion, the patients were maintained in external fixation for an average of 9 weeks to allow ossification. The patients were followed for a minimum of 11 months to a maximum of 20 months with clinical and dental examinations as well as photographic and radiographic documentation. The technique holds promise for early reconstruction of craniofacial skeletal defects without the need for bone grafts, blood transfusion, or intermaxillary fixation.
An Environmentally Friendly Engineered Azotobacter Strain That Replaces a Substantial Amount of Urea Fertilizer while Sustaining the Same Wheat Yield (2017)

In our endeavor to improve the nitrogen fixation efficiency of a soil diazotroph that would be unaffected by synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers, we have deleted a part of the negative regulatory gene <i>nifL</i> and constitutively expressed the positive regulatory gene <i>nifA</i> in the chromosome of <i>Azotobacter chroococcum</i> CBD15, a strain isolated from the local field soil. No antibiotic resistance gene or other foreign gene was present in the chromosome of the engineered strain. Wheat seeds inoculated with this engineered strain, which we have named <i>Azotobacter chroococcum</i> HKD15, were tested for 3 years in pots and 1 year in the field. The yield of wheat was enhanced by ∼60% due to inoculation of seeds by <i>A. chroococcum</i> HKD15 in the absence of any urea application. Ammonium only marginally affected acetylene reduction by the engineered <i>Azotobacter</i> strain. When urea was also applied, the same wheat yield could be sustained by using seeds inoculated with <i>A. chroococcum</i> HKD15 and using ∼85 kg less urea (∼40 kg less nitrogen) than the usual ∼257 kg urea (∼120 kg nitrogen) per hectare. Wheat plants arising from the seeds inoculated with the engineered <i>Azotobacter</i> strain exhibited far superior overall performance, had much higher dry weight and nitrogen content, and assimilated molecular <sup>15</sup>N much better. A nitrogen balance experiment also revealed much higher total nitrogen content. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production by the wild type and that by the engineered strain were about the same. Inoculation of the wheat seeds with <i>A. chroococcum</i> HKD15 did not adversely affect the microbial population in the field rhizosphere soil.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Application of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers is a standard agricultural practice to augment crop yield. Plants, however, utilize only a fraction of the applied fertilizers, while the unutilized fertilizers cause grave environmental problems. Wild-type soil diazotrophic microorganisms cannot replace synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers, as these reduce atmospheric nitrogen very inefficiently and almost none at all in the presence of added nitrogenous fertilizers. If the nitrogen-fixing ability of soil diazotrophs could be improved and sustained even in the presence of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers, then a mixture of the bacteria and a reduced quantity of chemical nitrogenous fertilizers could be employed to obtain the same grain yield but at a much-reduced environmental cost. The engineered <i>Azotobacter</i> strain that we have reported here has considerably enhanced nitrogen fixation and excretion abilities and can replace ∼85 kg of urea per hectare but sustain the same wheat yield, if the seeds are inoculated with it before sowing.
Enhanced antiangiogenic therapy of squamous cell carcinoma by combined endostatin and epidermal growth factor receptor-antisense therapy. (2002)

A combination of endostatin and EGFR targeting strategies profoundly inhibited the angiogenesis and growth of SCC in vivo. EGFR-antisense therapy might have multiple inhibitory effects against both tumor cells and endothelial cells, leading to enhanced antitumor efficacy. Such a combination strategy might represent a novel and promising approach for HNSCC therapy.
Saturated Fatty Acids Synergize with Elevated Glucose to Cause Pancreatic β-Cell Death (2003)

We have proposed the "glucolipotoxicity" hypothesis in which elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) together with hyperglycemia are synergistic in causing islet beta-cell damage because high glucose inhibits fat oxidation and consequently lipid detoxification. The effects of 1-2 d culture of both rat INS 832/13 cells and human islet beta-cells were investigated in medium containing glucose (5, 11, 20 mM) in the presence or absence of various FFAs. A marked synergistic effect of elevated concentrations of glucose and saturated FFA (palmitate and stearate) on inducing beta-cell death by apoptosis was found in both INS 832/13 and human islet beta-cells. In comparison, linoleate (polyunsaturated) synergized only modestly with high glucose, whereas oleate (monounsaturated) was not toxic. Treating cells with the acyl-coenzyme A synthase inhibitor triacsin C, or the AMP kinase activators metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside that redirect lipid partitioning to oxidation, curtailed glucolipotoxicity. In contrast, the fat oxidation inhibitor etomoxir, like glucose, markedly enhanced palmitate-induced cell death. The data indicate that FFAs must be metabolized to long chain fatty acyl-CoA to exert toxicity, the effect of which can be reduced by activating fatty acid oxidation. The results support the glucolipotoxicity hypothesis of beta-cell failure proposing that elevated FFAs are particularly toxic in the context of hyperglycemia.
LncRNAs in Stem Cells (2016)

Noncoding RNAs are critical regulatory factors in essentially all forms of life. Stem cells occupy a special position in cell biology and Biomedicine, and emerging results show that multiple ncRNAs play essential roles in stem cells. We discuss some of the known ncRNAs in stem cells such as embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adult stem cells, and cancer stem cells with a focus on long ncRNAs. Roles and functional mechanisms of these lncRNAs are summarized, and insights into current and future studies are presented.
DNA cancer vaccines: A gene gun approach (1997)

A wide variety of approaches, all using gene transfer, have been tested experimentally as alternative means to vaccinate against cancer, either prophylactically or therapeutically. These include both ex vivo and in vivo gene transfer to tumour and/or non-tumour cells, using both viral and non-viral vectors. The transferred DNA has varied widely as well, including genomic or cDNA encoding tumour-associated or oncofoetal antigens, cytokines, histocompatibility molecules, and costimulatory molecules. Several of these approaches have been applied in human clinical trials. This review summarizes those approaches, then compares and evaluates various methods using cytokine DNA in conjunction with autologous tumour cells, with particular emphasis on particle-mediated gene transfer via a gene gun. Finally, prospects and needs for further development are discussed.
X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia: linkage to phosphoglycerate kinase at Xq13. (1991)

Molecular linkage analysis was performed on a kindred with X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia. Two-point analysis with a DNA probe for phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK1), which maps to Xq13, suggested linkage to the disorder by a lod score of at least 2.60 at a recombination fraction of zero. The disease in this kindred appears to be clinically and genetically distinct from that in previously reported families with X-linked hereditary ataxia or spastic paraparesis. No mapping data are available for inherited X-linked sideroblastic anemia without neurologic abnormalities. However, structural alterations of band Xq13 may be involved in the development of idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia. No alterations in the restriction patterns of two X-linked genes involved in erythrocyte formation-i.e., a DNA-binding protein (GF-1) and 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS)-were detected in DNA from affected males, arguing against a large deletion in either of these candidate genes.
Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Self-Assembled Monolayers Using Ultra-Thin Gold Films (2002)

The alignment of liquid crystals on monolayers assembled on ultra-thin gold substrates is demonstrated. Gold substrates with a high transparency can be produced and the liquid crystal alignment can be tuned (see Figure) by the appropriate selection of the thiols and gold deposition conditions. Twisted nematic electro-optical cells equipped with these alignment layers exhibit excellent switching voltages and switching kinetics.
Peptide-based delivery of nucleic acids: design, mechanism of uptake and applications to splice-correcting oligonucleotides (2007)

CPPs (cell-penetrating peptides) have given rise to much interest for the delivery of biomolecules such as peptides, proteins or ONs (oligonucleotides). CPPs and their conjugates were initially thought to translocate through the cell membrane by a non-endocytotic mechanism which has recently been re-evaluated. Basic-amino-acid-rich CPPs first interact with cell-surface proteoglycans before being internalized by endocytosis. Sequestration and degradation in endocytotic vesicles severely limits the cytoplasmic and nuclear delivery of the conjugated biomolecules. Accordingly, splicing correction by CPP-conjugated steric-block ON analogues is inefficient in the absence of endosomolytic agents. New arginine-rich CPPs allowing efficient splicing correction by conjugated PNAs (peptide nucleic acids) or PMO (phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer) steric blockers in the absence of endosomolytic agents have recently been defined in our group and are currently being characterized. They offer promising leads for the development of efficient cellular delivery vectors for therapeutic steric-block ON analogues.
Erratum: High-threshold universal quantum computation on the surface code [Phys. Rev. A80, 052312 (2009)] (2013)

Received 16 December 2012DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.87.019905©2013 American Physical Society
Assessing Helical Protein Interfaces for Inhibitor Design (2011)

Structure-based design of synthetic inhibitors of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) requires adept molecular design and synthesis strategies as well as knowledge of targetable complexes. To address the significant gap between the elegant design of helix mimetics and their sporadic use in biology, we analyzed the full set of helical protein interfaces in the Protein Data Bank to obtain a snapshot of how helices that are critical for complex formation interact with the partner proteins. The results of this study are expected to guide the systematic design of synthetic inhibitors of PPIs. We have experimentally evaluated new classes of protein complexes that emerged from this data set, highlighting the significance of the results described herein.
Preparation of b-Lactams from b-Amino Acids with Di-2-pyridyl Sulfite (1989)

B-Lactams are conveniently prepared in hiyh yields by the reaction of B-amino acids with di-2-pyridyl sulfite in acetonitrile under very mild conditions.Since B-lactams are known to be key components of many biologically active compounds such as penicilin and cephalosporin antibiotics.the importance ot 8-lactam formation in organic synthesis has been well recognized.Although there are a variety of methods for the construction of B-lactam ring.' one of the most fundamental approaches is based on dehydration of 6-amino acids with condensing
Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of 12-Month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (2005)

Although mental disorders are widespread, serious cases are concentrated among a relatively small proportion of cases with high comorbidity.
The Rev protein is able to transport to the cytoplasm small nucleolar RNAs containing a Rev binding element (1999)

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were utilized to express Rev-binding sequences inside the nucleolus and to test whether they are substrates for Rev binding and transport. We show that U16 snoRNA containing the minimal binding site for Rev stably accumulates inside the nucleolus maintaining the interaction with the basic C/D snoRNA-specific factors. Upon Rev expression, the chimeric RNA is exported to the cytoplasm, where it remains bound to Rev in a particle devoid of snoRNP-specific factors. These data indicate that Rev can elicit the functions of RNA binding and transport inside the nucleolus.
Emerging Concepts in Targeting the Polyamine Metabolic Pathway in Epithelial Cancer Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy (2006)

The polyamines are important molecules governing cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Consistent with their elevated levels in cancer, they have been shown to mediate tumor promotion and progression. Cellular and tissue polyamine pools and metabolic flux are regulated by a number of processes. Neoplastic transformation is accompanied with an increase in biosynthesis, decreased catabolism and elevated uptake of exogenous polyamines. Effective strategies for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy, targeting the polyamine metabolic pathway will likely require a combination of agents acting at multiple sites of this pathway. Genetic variability affecting expression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene suggests an association between ODC expression and cancer risk, and prediction of response to treatment in certain epithelial cancers.
Association of Gm allotypes with the antibody response to the outer membrane proteins of a common upper respiratory tract organism, Moraxella catarrhalis. (1994)

Previously, Gm allotypes have been shown to influence human serum Ig subclass levels as well as the Ab levels achieved after Ag stimulation. The majority of the latter studies have focused on Ab responses to polysaccharide Ags. In this study, we have investigated the relationship between Gm allotypes and naturally occurring serum Ab levels to a bacterial protein Ag, the outer membrane proteins of a common microorganism, Moraxella catarrhalis. In the sera of 160 patients having chronic/recurrent sinusitis, there was a highly significant correlation between the level of specific anti-M. catarrhalis IgG3 level and certain Gm phenotypes. After additional investigation, we found that the presence of G3m(21) homozygosity correlated significantly with lower levels of Ag-specific IgG3. Specific anti-M. catarrhalis IgG3 levels were found to be independent of total serum IgG3 concentrations, and there was no correlation between the serum level of IgG3 and any Gm phenotype. Total IgG and IgG2 that were specific for pneumococcal cell wall polysaccharide also were measured in this group of patients, and no correlation was found between the naturally occurring IgG2 subclass levels to pneumococcal cell wall polysaccharide and the interactive effect of G2m(23) (syn: G2m(n)) and Km(1). Gm allotypes may influence Ab responses other than the anti-carbohydrate responses and, therefore, should be taken into account when investigating IgG subclass responses to protein Ags.
Brand and IP protection with physical unclonable functions (2008)

In this paper we provide an overview of physical unclonable functions and explain why they are a very valuable technology to protect a company's IP and hence at the same time its brand. Physical unclonable functions are unclonable physical structures that map challenges to responses. They inherit their unclonability from the (deep sub-micron) process variations during manufacturing. They can be turned into a useful tool to generate very secure secret keys in ICs and to provide keys to protect valuable IP of fabless IC companies, IP Vendors and design houses. We will present several examples and explain cryptographic algorithms and protocols to use them in IP protection applications.
A convenient synthesis of (acyloxy)alkyl .alpha.-ethers of phenols (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA convenient synthesis of (acyloxy)alkyl .alpha.-ethers of phenolsNicholas Bodor, Kenneth B. Sloan, James J. Kaminski, Chung Shih, and Stefano PoganyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 26, 5280–5284Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00174a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1235Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (678 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Small-Angle Scattering Characterization of Block Copolymer Micelles and Lyotropic Liquid Crystals (2003)

The self-assembly mode of amphiphiles and the corresponding structure-property relations can be readily modulated by the quality and quantity of selective solvents present in the system. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering are very useful tools for the structural characterization of micelles and lyotropic liquid crystals thus formed. Drawing on examples from our research on poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) (PEO-PPO) block copolymers in the presence of water (selective solvent for PEO) and water-miscible polar organic solvents (e.g., ethanol, glycerol), we discuss the utilization of small-angle scattering data for the determination of the structure and length-scales of the block copolymer assemblies and for the assessment of the degree of block segregation and the solvent location in the block copolymer domains.
Quantitative comparison of AIR, SPM, and the fully deformable model for atlas‐based segmentation of functional and structural MR images (2006)

Typical packages used for coregistration in functional image analyses include automated image registration (AIR) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). However, both methods have limited-dimension deformation models. A fully deformable model, which combines the piecewise linear registration for coarse alignment with demons algorithm for voxel-level refinement, allows a higher degree of spatial deformation. This leads to a more accurate colocalization of the functional signal from different subjects and therefore can produce a more reliable group average signal. We quantitatively compared the performance of the three different registration approaches through a series of experiments and we found that the fully deformable model consistently produces a more accurate structural segmentation and a more reliable functional signal colocalization than does AIR or SPM.