gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of potential activators of proteinase‐activated receptor‐21 (1997)

In order to identify physiological activators of proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), a peptide chloromethane inhibitor (biotinyl-Ser-Lys-Gly-Arg-CH2Cl) based on the cleavage site for activation of PAR-2 was synthesised and tested with 12 trypsin-like serine proteinases. The second-order rate constant (ki/Ki) for the formation of the covalent proteinase-inhibitor complex varied by 2 x 10(5)-fold between the proteinases. Biotinyl-Ser-Lys-Gly-Arg-CH2Cl reacted very rapidly with trypsin, acrosin from sperm and tryptase from mast cells: the ki/Ki values with these proteinases were greater than 10(5) M(-1) x s(-1). Thus, the specificity of these proteinases matched the sequence of the activation site of PAR-2 and it can be concluded that these proteinases are potential physiological activators of PAR-2.
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) and VIP Receptors-Elucidation of Structure and Function for Therapeutic Applications (2011)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid polypeptide first isolated from swine duodenum. VIP is a neurotransmitter that is extensively distributed in tissues. According to published reports, VPAC1 and VPAC2 act as VIP receptors and are widely present in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. VIP exerts diverse actions on the cardiovascular system, pancreas, digestive tract, respiratory system, and urological system. Recent reports indicated that VIP has immunological and neuroprotective effects and also affects cell growth. While primary investigations for developing therapeutic applications for various pathological conditions and diseases are underway, the structure and function of VIP should be analyzed in more detail.
Noise in a thin metallic medium: the connection with nonlinear behaviour (1988)

At high transition densities the noise in thin metallic films with longitudinal orientation shows an anomalous increase. At the same time, the medium becomes nonlinear, that is superposition of isolated pulses no longer applies. Measurements of both effects suggest that they are related. The anomalous increase in the noise is seen to be the consequence of the increase in nonlinearity as transition spacing is reduced. Nonlinear behavior is also responsible for the significant dependence of the noise on the recorded data pattern.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chemical Ligation of Cysteine-Containing Peptides: Synthesis of a 22 kDa Tethered Dimer of HIV-1 Protease (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Ligation of Cysteine-Containing Peptides: Synthesis of a 22 kDa Tethered Dimer of HIV-1 ProteaseManuel Baca, Tom W. Muir, Martina Schnoelzer, and Stephen B. H. KentCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7, 1881–1887Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00112a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00112a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views894Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Salivary pH changes during 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching. (1994)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on salivary pH of a 10% carbamide peroxide solution when used with a custom-fitted guard for bleaching teeth. Baseline pH values were established for unstimulated saliva and on saliva produced while wearing an empty guard. After insertion of a guard half filled with Proxigel, salivary pH measurements were made at 5-minute intervals until the values returned to baseline levels. Mean salivary pH values were 6.81 +/- 0.11 for unstimulated samples and 6.91 +/- 0.18 after insertion of the empty guard. After insertion of the filled guard, there was a statistically insignificant decrease in salivary pH during the first 5 minutes, followed by an increase above baseline at 10 minutes, to a mean peak value of 7.32 +/- 0.27 at 15 minutes. The difference between the baseline values and the mean peak value at 15 minutes was statistically significant. The results of the study indicated that the pH of saliva increased significantly during the first 15 minutes of nightguard vital bleaching and did not significantly drop below baseline in the first 2 hours after insertion with a moderately low-pH solution.
Effects of interaction between estradiol‐17β and progesterone on the proliferation of cloned breast tumor cells (MCF‐7 and T47D) (1985)

We have previously reported that the proliferation of cloned MCF-7 and T47D human mammary tumor cells can be inhibited by increasing concentrations of charcoal-dextran stripped female human serum (CDFHS). The maximal proliferation rate was restored by the addition of 3 X 10(-11) M estradiol-17 beta to the culture media. These observations suggest that the proliferation of T47D and MCF-7 cells is regulated by a blood-borne inhibitor whose effects are neutralized by estrogens. In the present report we explore the possibility that progesterone alters the estrogenic response. MCF-7 cells were grown in DME containing 2-40% CDFHS. Progesterone, at 3 X 10(-7) M to 3 X 10(-12) M, had no effect on the yield of MCF-7 or T47D cells that were cultured in the presence or absence of estradiol-17 beta.
Differential expression of L-selectin, VLA-4, and LFA-1 on CD34+ progenitor cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood during G-CSF-enhanced recovery. (1995)

To examine mechanisms of mobilization and homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells, coexpression of CD34 and the adhesion molecules L-selectin (CD62L), VLA-4 (alpha 4 beta 1-integrin, CD49d/CD29), and LFA-1 (alpha L beta 2-integrin, CD11a/CD18) was evaluated. Samples from leukapheresis (LP) products and bone marrow (BM) were obtained on the same day from patients who received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) after cytotoxic chemotherapy. The proportion of CD34+ cells expressing L-selectin tended to be greater in LP products compared with BM. In samples from both sources, the mean fluorescence intensity of CD34 was significantly greater on CD34+/L-selectin-positive cells compared with the CD34+/L-selectin-negative cell subset. Three-color immunofluorescence showed that early CD34+/HLA-DRdim or CD34+/HLA-DR- progenitor cells were strongly positive for L-selectin, whereas L-selectin-negative cells were only found in the CD34+HLA-DRbright subset. The mean fluoresence intensity of VLA-4 and LFA-1 was significantly greater on CD34+ cells from BM compared with LP products. Moreover, a distinct population of CD34dim/VLA-4bright and CD34dim/LFA-1bright cells was found only in samples from BM. This subset may be enriched for myeloid progenitor cells, since the cloning efficiency of CD34+ cells for CFU-GM was significantly greater in BM samples than in LP products. Binding of CD34+ cells to endothelial cells was partially inhibited by a blocking antibody to beta 2-integrin. In conclusion, L-selectin is expressed in significant amounts on more primitive CD34+ cells which circulate in considerable numbers in the peripheral blood. This suggests that L-selectin plays a role in redistribution and homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells to the bone marrow following cytotoxic damage. Conversely, strong expression of VLA-4 and LFA-1 was mainly found on lineage-committed progenitor cells of the bone marrow.
Genetics of Pain Perception, COMT and Postoperative Pain Management in Children (2014)

COMT SNPs may play a significant role in interindividual variation in postoperative pain perception and postoperative morphine requirements in children. Original submitted 16 August 2013; Revision submitted 13 December 2013.
Amino acid sequence of the VH region of a human myeloma immunoglobulin (IgG New) (1977)

The amino acid sequence of the heavy-chain variable region of the human immunoglobulin. New has been determined. Since the amino terminus of the heavy chain was blocked, the sequence of residues 1-69 was established by digesting the appropriate CNBr fragment separately with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and thermolysin and sequencing the resulting peptides. The region from residues 70 to 120 was present in another CNBr fragment which was submitted directly to automatic Edman degradation. The result of this experiment extended the sequence to residue 100. The primary structure of the remaining portion of the VH region was determined by automatic Edman degradation of a lysine-blocked tryptic peptide derived from this region which included residues 98-214. The sequence of the VH region of New corresponds most closely to VH sequences of proteins in the VH II subgroup. This primary structure makes it possible to construct a model from the high-resolution electron-density map of protein New.
Kynurenine pathway metabolism in human astrocytes: a paradox for neuronal protection (2001)

There is good evidence that the kynurenine pathway (KP) and one of its products, quinolinic acid (QUIN), play a role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, in particular AIDS dementia complex. Although QUIN has been shown to be produced in neurotoxic concentrations by macrophages and microglia, the role of astrocytes in QUIN production is controversial. Using cytokine-stimulated cultures of human astrocytes, we assayed key enzymes and products of the KP. We found that human astrocytes lack kynurenine hydroxylase so that large amounts of kynurenine and the QUIN antagonist kynurenic acid were produced. However, the amounts of QUIN that were synthesized were subsequently completely degraded. We then showed that kynurenine in concentrations comparable with those produced by astrocytes led to significant production of QUIN by macrophages. These results suggest that astrocytes alone are neuroprotective by minimizing QUIN production and maximizing synthesis of kynurenic acid. However, it is likely that, in the presence of macrophages and/or microglia, astrocytes become indirectly neurotoxic by the production of large concentrations of kynurenine that can be secondarily metabolized by neighbouring or infiltrating monocytic cells to form the neurotoxin QUIN.
Arsenic Removal Using Polymer-Supported Hydrated Iron(III) Oxide Nanoparticles:  Role of Donnan Membrane Effect (2005)

The conditions leading to the Donnan membrane equilibrium arise from the inability of ions to diffuse out from one phase in a heterogeneous system. In a polymeric cation exchanger, negatively charged sulfonic acid groups are covalently attached to the polymer chains, and thus, they cannot permeate out of the polymer phase. Conversely, a polymeric anion exchanger contains a high concentration of non-diffusible positively charged quaternary ammonium functional groups. It is well-established that submicron or nanoscale hydrated iron(III) oxide (HFO) particles exhibit high sorption affinity toward both arsenates and arsenites. In this study, commercially available cation and anion exchangers were used as host materials for dispersing HFO nanoparticles within the polymer phase using a technique previously developed. The resulting polymeric/inorganic hybrid sorbent particles were subsequently used for arsenic removal in the laboratory. The most significant finding of the study is that the anion exchanger as a substrate containing dispersed HFO offered substantially higher arsenate removal capacity as compared to the cation exchanger, all other conditions remaining identical. In fact, HFO nanoparticles dispersed within the gel-type cation exchanger were unable to remove arsenic. The Donnan membrane effect resulting from the nondiffusible negatively charged sulfonic acid groups in the cation exchanger did not allow permeation of arsenate into the polymer phase (i.e., arsenate was excluded from the spherical beads dispersed with HFO nanoparticles). On the contrary, anion-exchanger-supported HFO particles or HAIX offered very high arsenic removal capacity; less than 10% of influent arsenic broke through after 10 000 bed vol. HAIX was also amenable to efficient regeneration with 2% NaOH and 3% NaCl and capable of simultaneously removing both perchlorate and arsenic selectively. According to the information in the open literature, HAIX is the first hybrid sorbent that utilizes the Donnan membrane effect of the host material for sorption enhancement. From a generic viewpoint, other metal oxide/metal nanoparticles may also be judiciously embedded in appropriate support materials that would reject or enhance permeation of targeted ionic solutes.
<title>KrF laser ablation of polyurethane</title> (1991)

248 nm excimer laser ablation of a polyurethane polymer is shown to proceed efficiently and with a surprising lack of post-ablation surface debris. The absorption spectrum of this material displays a strong increase in absorbance beginning at 260 nm and extending to shorter wavelengths, whereas a relatively weak absorption for longer wavelengths accounts for the inability of 308 nm excimer radiation to cause efficient ablation. Ablation rate versus incident fluence data were obtained by both conventional stylus profilometry and the higher precision quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) method. The data from both methods were in agreement, although the QCM technique provided far more detail of the threshold region. Interestingly, near 35 mJ/cm2 incident fluence, a pronounced increase in the slope of the rate versus fluence curve appears. This is suggestive of a mechanistic change from a lower to higher efficiency ablation regime. Applying a conventional Beer's Law analysis of rate versus In(fluence) yields a straight line that agrees well with the data up to 300 mJ/cm2. In face, the absorption coefficient derived from the slope of this curve is within 4% of the experimentally determined low-level value.
Telomere analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry (1998)

Determination of telomere length is traditionally performed by Southern blotting and densitometry, giving a mean telomere restriction fragment (TRF) value for the total cell population studied. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of telomere repeats has been used to calculate telomere length, a method called quantitative (Q)-FISH. We here present a quantitative flow cytometric approach, Q-FISHFCM, for evaluation of telomere length distribution in individual cells based on in situ hybridization using a fluorescein-labeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA) (CCCTAA)3probe and DNA staining with propidium iodide. A simple and rapid protocol with results within 30 h was developed giving high reproducibility. One important feature of the protocol was the use of an internal cell line control, giving an automatic compensation for potential differences in the hybridization steps. This protocol was tested successfully on cell lines and clinical samples from bone marrow, blood, lymph nodes and tonsils. A significant correlation was found between Southern blotting and Q-FISHFCMtelomere length values ( P = 0.002). The mean sub-telomeric DNA length of the tested cell lines and clinical samples was estimated to be 3.2 kbp. With the Q-FISHFCMmethod the fluorescence signal could be determined in different cell cycle phases, indicating that in human cells the vast majority of telomeric DNA is replicated early in S phase.
Exploring Phase Change Memory and 3D Die-Stacking for Power/Thermal Friendly, Fast and Durable Memory Architectures (2009)

Emerging three-dimensional (3D) integration technology allows for the direct placement of DRAM on top of a microprocessor, significantly reducing the wire-delay between the two and thereby alleviating memory latency and bandwidth constraints. However, the increase in power density of 3D technology leads to elevated on-chip temperature, which results in an exponential rise in charge leakage of DRAM. Consequently, the refresh frequency of 3D die-stacked DRAM needs to be doubled (or more) to retain data at the expense of additional power overhead. In this work, we investigate using phase-change random access memory (PRAM) as a promising candidate to achieve scalable, low power and thermal friendly memory system architecture in the upcoming 3D-stacking technology era. Using analytical model, circuit- and architectural-level simulations that capture both physical and electrical characteristics of PRAM, we show that the higher temperature of 3D chips is beneficial to PRAM power savings due to its unique, heat-driven programming mechanisms. Moreover, we show that the through silicon vias (TSVs) ubiquitously used in 3D implementations contribute further PRAM power savings due to their substantially lower resistance to the high PRAM programming current. To effectively integrate PRAM into a conventional memory hierarchy, we propose architecture and OS support to address its write latency and reliability disadvantages. We present a hybrid PRAM/DRAM memory architecture and exploit an OS-level paging scheme to improve PRAM write performance and lifetime. Moreover, we leverage the error-correcting capability of strong ECC codes to expand PRAM lifespan and use wear-out aware OS page allocation to minimize ECC performance overhead. Our experimental results show that compared to die-stacked planar DRAM, our design reduces the overall power consumption of the memory system by 54% with 6% performance degradation, consequently alleviating the thermal constraint of 3D chips by up to 4.25degC and achieving a speedup of up to 1.1X. We also show that the lifetime can be improved by a factor of 114X using the proposed endurance optimization schemes.
Glucocorticoids Inhibit Cell Death in Ovarian Cancer and Up-regulate Caspase Inhibitor cIAP2 (2005)

Activation of the glucocorticoid receptor in epithelial ovarian cancer cells caused an anti-apoptotic effect associated with the enhanced cellular expression level of cIAP2. Dexamethasone pretreatment of epithelial ovarian cancer patients receiving apoptosis-inducing chemotherapy raises questions about a negative effect on antitumor efficacy.
Stochastic sequential machine synthesis targeting constrained sequence generation (1996)

Article Free Access Share on Stochastic sequential machine synthesis targeting constrained sequence generation Authors: Diana Marculescu Department of Electrical Engineering - Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Department of Electrical Engineering - Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CAView Profile , Radu Marculescu View Profile , Massoud Pedram Department of Electrical Engineering - Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Department of Electrical Engineering - Systems, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '96: Proceedings of the 33rd annual Design Automation ConferenceJune 1996 Pages 696–701https://doi.org/10.1145/240518.240650Published:01 June 1996Publication History 12citation174DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations12Total Downloads174Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Endocrine-mediated mechanisms of fatigue during treatment with interferon-alpha. (1998)

Fatigue occurs in more than 70% of patients treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and is the most problematic toxicity associated with IFN-based immunotherapy. Abundant evidence suggests that immune-mediated endocrine disease occurs during IFN-alpha therapy, which may contribute to the etiology of fatigue. Autoimmune thyroid disease is a well-recognized consequence of IFN-alpha therapy and may be mediated by the induction of IFN-gamma production by lymphocytes. Administration of exogenous IFN-gamma has been associated with upregulation of class II major histocompatibility antigens in the thyroid and the development of thyroiditis. Interferon-alpha also stimulates the production of interleukin-6; both interleukin-6 and IFN-gamma have specific effects on thyrocyte function. There also is evidence suggesting that IFN-alpha initiates a cytokine cascade that effects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes, thus affecting regulation of glucocorticoid and sex steroid hormone secretion, but the clinical significance of these observations has not been established. Although endocrine disease will not explain the occurrence of fatigue symptoms in all patients, there is clear evidence that hormonal deficiency syndromes occur in a relatively large portion of patients receiving systemic IFN-alpha therapy. Most importantly, the possibility of hypothyroidism must be considered; however, diagnosis of hypothyroidism in cancer patients is complicated by the occurrence of the "sick euthyroid syndrome." Clinical recommendations for assessment and treatment of IFN-alpha-induced fatigue are offered. Most importantly, measurements of thyroid-stimulating hormone and antithyroid autoantibodies should be used to evaluate thyroid status. Acknowledging the limitations of current clinical data, adrenal- and gonadal-axis dysfunction also must be considered in patients with IFN-alpha-induced fatigue.
Primary cutaneous CD20-positive T-cell lymphoma (2011)

CD20 is a transmembrane protein that is expressed by B cells during their development and is, therefore, commonly used to label cells of B lineage in lymphoid infiltrates. CD20-positive T-cell lymphoma is infrequent but well recognized. Cases reported in the literature show a variety of clinical and histoimmunochemical profiles. Primary cutaneous CD20-positive T-cell lymphoma is vanishingly rare; only eight cases have been previously reported. We present two new cases of this entity and describe their clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features. CD20 is a highly specific B-cell marker. However, it has been reported in a subset of normal T-cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow of healthy individuals. This subset of T-cells also expresses more often CD8 and g/d than the CD20-negative T-cells. Two main theories have been postulated to explain the expression of CD20 by neoplastic T-cells. The first possibility is that these lymphomas develop from the CD20-positive subset of normal T-cells. The second theory regards CD20 as an activation marker. Prognostic implications and therapeutic options of T-cell lymphomas with positivity for CD20 remain to be elucidated.