gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SpoIIIE strips proteins off the DNA during chromosome translocation (2008)

The FtsK/SpoIIIE family of DNA transporters are responsible for translocating missegregated chromosomes after the completion of cell division. An extreme example of this post-cytokinetic DNA segregation occurs during spore formation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, where SpoIIIE pumps three-quarters of the chromosome (>3 megabases) into one of the two daughter cells. Here, we investigate the fate of the proteins associated with the translocated DNA. Taking advantage of several unique features of Bacillus sporulation, we demonstrate that RNA polymerase, transcription factors, and chromosome remodeling proteins are stripped off the DNA during translocation of the chromosome into the forespore compartment. Furthermore, we show that in vitro the soluble ATPase domain of SpoIIIE can displace RNA polymerase bound to DNA, suggesting that SpoIIIE alone is capable of this wire-stripping activity. Our data suggest that the bulk of the forespore chromosome is translocated naked into the forespore compartment. We propose that the translocation-stripping activity of SpoIIIE plays a key role in reprogramming developmental gene expression in the forespore.
Introduction to an LSI test system (1977)

Within the IBM Corporation, the use of LSI technology has brought a need for new methods of generating logic tests. This paper outlines the major problems in testing LSI networks, and the principal considerations that have led to an integrated technical solution.
Thymidylate synthetase-deficient mouse FM3A mammary carcinoma cell line as a tool for studying the thymidine salvage pathway and the incorporation of thymidine analogues into host cell DNA (1984)

A thymidylate (dTMP) synthetase-deficient murine mammary carcinoma cell line (FM3A/TS-), auxotrophic for thymidine (dThd), proved extremely useful for studying the dependence of cell growth on the exogenous supply of dThd, the relation between cell growth and DNA synthesis, and the ability of a series of 25 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines (dUrd) to substitute for dThd in sustaining cell growth. FM3A/TS-cells did not proliferate unless dThd was supplied to the cell culture medium. The 5-halogenated dUrd derivatives 5-chloro-dUrd, 5-bromo-dUrd and 5-iodo-d Urd also sustained FM3A/TS- cell growth. The extents of incorporation of [methyl-3H]dThd and 5-iodo-[6-3H]dUrd into DNA were closely correlated with their stimulatory effects on FM3A/TS- cell growth. This suggests that the stimulatory effects of the dUrd analogues on the growth rate of FM3A/TS- cells may be considered as evidence for their incorporation into host cell DNA. Based on this premise it is postulated that, in addition to 5-chloro-dUrd, 5-bromo-dUrd, 5-iodo-dUrd and dThd itself, the following dThd analogues are also incorporated into FM3A/TS- cell DNA (in order of the extent to which they are incorporated): 5-hydroxy-dUrd greater than 5-propynyloxy-dUrd greater than 5-ethyl-dUrd greater than 5-ethynyl-dUrd approximately 5-vinyl-dUrd. Thus, the dTMP synthetase-deficient FM3A/TS- cell line represents a unique system to dissociate the de novo and salvage pathways of dTMP biosynthesis and to distinguish those dUrd analogues that are incorporated into DNA from those that are not.
A Photonic Microwave Frequency Quadrupler Using Two Cascaded Intensity Modulators With Repetitious Optical Carrier Suppression (2007)

We theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated a novel 4- to 40-GHz frequency quadrupler for radio-over- fiber systems. By using an optical carrier suppression modulation scheme in two cascaded intensity modulators, four-fold microwave or millimeter wave signals are optically generated without the need for an optical and electrical notch filter to remove the residual carrier components. Moreover, the limitation of high drive voltage is greatly reduced through tandem intensity modulation with pi/2 phase shift between two driving signals.
HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF A NEW PERCUTANEOUS INTRA AORTIC AXIAL FLOW PUMP (2000)

Treatment of cardiac failure by means of mechanical support systems is an option when medical treatment fails. However, some support systems today require major surgery and therefore, we are developing a minimally invasive intraaortic axial flow pump with a foldable propeller. In animals the pump has shown a positive hemodynamic influence, and the present study evaluates the hydraulic properties of the pump in a bench test. The axial flow pump is a catheter system with a distal foldable propeller (0-15000 rpm). To protect the aortic wall, filaments forming a cage surround the propeller. The motion of the propeller is transmitted via an internal wire from a DC motor placed at the proximal end of the catheter. In the present study, tests were done in a mock loop with different tube sizes mimicking the variability in diameter of the human aorta. The test matrix included 1) the pressure generation at zero flow in the different tubes with increasing rpm, 2) the pressure generation in different tubes at constant rpm and 3) the pressure flow relationship at different rpm in the various tubes. At zero flow, there was a positive relationship between rpm and the generated pressure and a negative relationship between the diameter of the tube and the generated pressure. Within the physiological range of cardiac output there was a small drop in pressure with the increasing flow in the tubes with a small diameter. With an increasing diameter of the tube a smaller pressure drop was seen with the increasing flow. The present cardiac support system has hydraulic properties, which may be of clinical relevance for patients with left ventricular heart failure.
Epitaxial layer transfer technology and application (2015)

Epitaxial Layer and Device Layer Transfer Technologies in Si and GaAs systems are reviewed from principle, processes, devices, to application systems over decades. Various applications span from SOI-Epi wafering, PV cells and Kerf-less Si PV Epi wafers, Flexible CMOS devices, Free standing thin IC chips, CMOS Si imagers, Solid-state optical scanner and Three dimensional integrated IC. The applications have been enabled by the key roles of the separation layer of removability and thermal stability for Epitaxial and Device Layers Transfer Technology.
Cleavage of Disulfide-Bridged Stalk Domains during Shedding of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Occurs at Multiple Juxtamembrane Sites (2001)

Shedding of the ectodomain of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and numerous other membrane-anchored proteins results from a specific cleavage in the juxtamembrane (JM) stalk, catalyzed by "sheddases" that are commonly activated by phorbol esters and inhibited by peptide hydroxamates such as TAPI. Sheddases require a stalk of minimum length and steric accessibility. However, we recently found that substitution of the ACE stalk with an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain from the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) did not abolish shedding; cleavage of the ACE-JMEGF chimera occurred at a Gly-Phe bond in the third disulfide loop of the EGF domain. We have now constructed two additional stalk chimeras, in which the native stalk in ACE was replaced with the EGF domain from factor IX (ACE-JMfIX) and with a cysteine knot motif (ACE-JMmin23). Like the ACE-JMEGF chimera, the ACE-JMfIX and -JMmin23 chimeras were also shed, but mass spectral analysis revealed that the cleavage sites were adjacent to, rather than within, the disulfide-bonded domains. Homology modeling of the LDL-R EGF domain revealed that the third disulfide loop is larger and more flexible than the equivalent loop in the factor IX EGF domain. Similarly, the NMR structure of the Min-23 motif is highly compact. Hence, cleavage within a disulfide-bonded domain appears to require an unhindered loop. Interestingly, unlike wild-type ACE and the ACE-JMEGF and -JMmin23 chimeras, shedding of the ACE-JMfIX chimera was not stimulated by phorbol or inhibited by TAPI, but instead was inhibited by 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, indicating the activity of an alternative sheddase. In summary, the ACE shedding machinery is highly versatile, but an accessible JM sequence, in the form of a flexible stalk or an exposed loop within or adjacent to a folded domain, appears to be required. Moreover, alternative sheddases are recruited, depending on the nature of the JM sequence.
Rapidly Solidified Alloys (1993)

This volume details the principles underlying rapid solidification processing, material structure and properties, and their applications. This practical resource presents a manifold approach to both amorphous and crystalline rapidly solidified metallic alloys.;Written by over 30 internationally acclaimed specialists in their respective fields, Rapi
Fiber network survivability (1990)

At the transport layer in interoffice and interexchange networks, shared protection rings (SPRINGS) interconnected at matched nodes can provide 100% restoration in milliseconds after cable cuts and central office failures. The author introduces the SPRING and explains how its capacity advantage over other ring configurations enables it to be the most economical solution in more applications. Transport restoration technologies-1+1 diversity, digital crossconnect systems, and SPRINGS-in interoffice and interexchange environments are compared. A representative network study is presented to justify the choice of SPRINGs and matched nodes for the target architecture. Recommendations on how to evolve today's asynchronous networks in preparation for a fully survivable SONET ring-based network are also provided. Generic ring planning guidelines and network examples are presented to demonstrate how today's networks can be evolved to provide end-to-end survivable SONET transport. An approach to ring-based network design that simplifies the planning process and minimizes network cost is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An advanced architecture for telesystems applications (2002)

An advanced architecture has been developed for telesystem applications. It features emerging network communication concepts and modern man/machine interfaces integrated with recent advances in autonomous intelligent control. Details of the architecture are presented. Recent and potential future applications are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inhibition of Aldose Reductase Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in Human Lens Epithelial Cells (2006)

The results indicate that AR mediates the bacterial endotoxin signaling that could damage HLECs by regulating the signals that activate the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB and cause inflammation. Thus, inhibition of AR could be a therapeutic target for Gram-negative bacterial infection-induced visual complications.
Staining of Escherichia coli for flow cytometry: Influx and efflux of ethidium bromide (1994)

In an attempt to develop procedures for nucleic acid staining of bacteria for clinical routine assays, the uptake of ethidium bromide (EB) in wild-type Escherichia coli was studied using flow cytometry. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing EDTA or Tris significantly increased the net uptake of EB compared to PBS only. However, in the majority of the cells, the net uptake reached a constant level that was only a few percent of that of fully permeabilized cells, apparently due to the activity of a metabolically driven efflux pump. When cells were exposed to cold shock (0 degrees C for 30 min) in the presence of Tris or EDTA, the net uptake of dye was similar to that of fully permeabilized cells, whereas it was about half that value in PBS. When cold shock was given in growth medium, the cells split up into four subpopulations, with a net dye uptake ranging from that of fully permeabilized cells to less than 1% of that value. As expected, metabolic inhibitors (Na-azide, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and CCCP) reduced efflux activity. However, fluorescence of metabolically inhibited cells never exceeded more than about half the value of that of dead cells, possibly reflecting conformational changes in DNA structure as a result of cell death.
Endoluminal Stent–Grafts for Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (1997)

Our results suggest that endovascular treatment of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms is technically feasible and can effectively exclude abdominal aortic aneurysms from the circulation. With further refinement, endoluminal repair may emerge as an interventional strategy to treat infrarenal aortic aneurysms, especially in patients at high surgical risk.
Single-Track Asynchronous Pipeline Templates Using 1-of-N Encoding (2002)

This paper presents a new fast and templatized family of fine-grain asynchronous pipeline stages based on the single-track protocol. No explicit control wires are required outside of the datapath and the data is 1-of-N encoded. With a forward latency of 2 transitions and a cycle time of 6 for most configurations, the new family can run at 1.6 GHz using MOSIS TSMC 0.25 /spl mu/m process. This is significantly faster than all known quasi-delay-insensitive templates and has less timing assumptions than the recently proposed ultra-high-speed GasP bundled-data circuits.
Synthesis and Characterization of Non‐standard Nucleosides and Nucleotides Bearing the Acceptor‐Donor‐Donor Pyrimidine Analog 6‐Amino‐3‐methylpyrazin‐2(1H)‐one (1996)

Abstract 6‐Aminopyrazin‐2(1 H )‐one, when incorporated as a pyrimidine‐base analog into an oligonucleotide chain, presents a H‐bond acceptor‐donor‐donor pattern to a complementary purine analog. When paired with the corresponding donor‐acceptor‐acceptor purine in oligonucleotides, the heterocycle selectively contributes to the stability of the duplex, presumably by forming a base pair of Watson‐Crick geometry joined by a non‐standard H‐bonding pattern. Aspects of the nucleoside chemistry, including syntheses of the β‐furanosyl ribonucleoside 1 , the ribonucleoside triphosphate 2 and the ribonucleoside bisphosphate 3 of 6‐aminopyrazin‐2(1 H )‐one are reported here. In aqueous solution, the ribonucleoside 1 was found to undergo acid‐ and base‐catalyzed rearrangement with an apparent half‐life of ca. 63 h at neutral pH and 30°. The rearrangement appears to be specific acid‐ and base‐catalyzed. The thermodynamically most stable compound formed during this rearrangement reaction was isolated by HPLC and shown to be the β‐pyranosyl form 4 of the 6‐aminopyrazin‐2(1 H )‐one nucleoside in its 4 C 1 chair conformation. This reactivity of 1 under physiological conditions may explain why Nature does not use this particular heterocyclic system to implement an acceptor‐donor‐donor H‐bonding pattern in the genetic alphabet.
Role of the integrin alpha v beta 6 in cell attachment to fibronectin. Heterologous expression of intact and secreted forms of the receptor. (1994)

The integrin alpha v beta 6 has been shown to be a fibronectin-binding protein. To determine whether the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of alpha v beta 6 are necessary for binding to fibronectin, a truncated, secreted form of the integrin lacking these domains was engineered and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Fibronectin affinity chromatography demonstrated that the secreted integrin, like its full-length counterpart, was capable of binding fibronectin. Monoclonal antibodies were made to secreted alpha v beta 6 and to beta 6-transfected NIH 3T3 cells. In experiments designed to determine whether alpha v beta 6 can mediate cell attachment to fibronectin, full-length human beta 6 was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and in the human colon carcinoma cell line SW480. beta 6-expressing cells were identified by alpha v beta 6-specific antibodies, and the beta 6-transfectants were used in cell-adhesion assays. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, human beta 6 associated with hamster alpha v but was incapable of mediating cell attachment to fibronectin. However, expression of beta 6 in these cells had the dominant negative effect of decreasing alpha v beta 5-dependent adhesion to vitronectin. In SW480 cells, beta 6 expression conferred the ability to bind to fibronectin even in the presence of inhibitory antibodies against beta 1 integrins. In such cells, fibronectin binding ability could be blocked by an antibody to alpha v integrins. These results constitute the first direct evidence that alpha v beta 6 mediates cell attachment to fibronectin.
Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. (1967)

Abstract An assay procedure is described in which blood cell glutathione peroxidase may be accurately measured by a direct spectrophotometric procedure. Glutathione peroxidase activity is found to be associated with a relatively stable, nondialyzable, heat-labile, intracellular component which is separable from hemoglobin, by gel filtration and ammonium sulfate precipitation. The activity appears to be dependent upon active sulfhydryl groups and is unaffected by low concentrations of azide, cyanide, or ferricyanide.
Production of EM Surface Waves by Superconducting Spheres: A New Type of Harmonic Oscillators (2012)

It is shown that a superconducting sphere or spherical shell can produce EM surface waves that are stationary at any low frequency. This applies in particular to magnetic dipole oscillations, generated by a current density J that oscilllates around a given axis on the surface of the sphere. In the quasistatic approximation, it creates a synchronously oscillating magnetic fleld B, while the resulting electric fleld E provides feedback to sustain the current. This yields a new type of oscillators, where the magnetic energy is not completely transformed into electric energy as in classical LC circuits. EM energy is conserved, however, by means of energy ∞uxes. The purpose of this theory is to account for evidence of very intense magnetic dipole flelds, produced by unconventional ∞ying objects of unknown origin. These observations would make sense and suggest that superconductivity is possible at normal atmospheric temperatures. We also examine the propagation of plasma waves along superconducting surfaces and consider possible pairing mechanisms.
Binding motifs predict major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted epitopes in the Sendai virus M protein (1995)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I ligand motifs have been defined for a number of class I molecules and have been successfully used to identify class I-restricted cytotoxic T-cell epitopes. In contrast, the relative degeneracy of sequence motifs in naturally processed MHC class II ligands has suggested that they may be of more limited use. Here, we use a predicted I-Ab ligand motif to identify antigenic peptides in the Sendai virus Enders strain matrix (M) protein. The entire coding sequence of the M protein was derived, and seven peptide sequences that contained the predicted I-Ab motif were identified. Analysis of I-Ab-restricted M-specific T-cell hybridomas for reactivity to these synthetic peptides identified two distinct epitopes. These data demonstrate that MHC class II motifs can be valuable in predicting T-cell epitopes.
Turmeric and Curcumin Modulate the Conjugation of 1-Naphthol in Caco-2 Cells (2006)

Turmeric, the powdered dry rhizome of the Curcuma longa plant, and curcumin, the major anti-oxidant constituent of turmeric, have been shown to possess chemopreventive activity. To elucidate the possible interaction of turmeric and curcumin with conjugation reactions, which in many cases are involved in the activation of procarcinogens, we measured their effects in the conjugation of 1-naphthol in Caco-2 cells, a human colon carcinoma cell line, within a 24 h period. Turmeric exhibits inhibitory activity toward both sulfo- and glucuronosyl conjugations of 1-naphthol at approximately the same levels (IC(50)=0.24 and 0.29 mg/ml, respectively). Curcumin inhibits sulfo-conjugation at lower concentrations (IC(50)=9.7 microg/ml), but only showed weak inhibition toward glucuronosyl conjugation of 1-naphthol in Caco-2 cells. In addition, turmeric was found to strongly inhibit in vitro phenol sulfotransferase (SULT) activity and demonstrate moderate inhibitory properties against UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) activity in Caco-2 cells (IC(50)=0.17 mg/ml and 0.62 mg/ml, respectively). Curcumin also strongly inhibits in vitro phenol sulfotransferase activity with an IC(50) of 2.4 microg/ml. Moreover, and in contrast to the moderate inhibition of UGT activity by turmeric and curcumin, both induce the expression of the UGT1A1 and UGT1A6 genes, revealed by real-time PCR analysis. These findings are indicative of a possible interaction of both turmeric and curcumin with conjugation reactions in the human intestinal tract and colon. This in turn may affect the bioavailability of therapeutic drugs and toxicity levels of environmental chemicals, particularly procarcinogens.
Effect of PEGylation on the Stability of Liposomes During Nebulisation and in Lung Surfactant (2006)

Oral inhalation of anticancer drugs or drug delivery system is a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of lung cancer and requires formulations which are sufficiently stabile during nebulisation and subsequent interaction with the surfactant lining of the lungs. In this study, we assessed the stability of plain and PEGylated transferrin-conjugated liposomes after nebulisation using two different nebulisers (i.e., air-jet and ultrasonic type). Furthermore, the integrity of the liposomal membranes was assessed after incubation in commercial lung surfactant solutions (Alveofact). All liposomal formulations showed no significant changes in their size after nebulisation, independent of the type of nebuliser or the liposomal formulation, respectively. However, PEGylation was of advantage when it came to interactions between liposomes and the surfactant lining of the lungs. PEGylated liposomes were significantly more stable and retained > 80% of their drug load over 48 h, which is more than sufficient time for the drug carriers to be taken up by transferrin receptor over-expressing cancer cells in the lung. In conclusion, PEGylated and plain Tf-conjugated liposomes are stable enough to undergo nebulisation in the course of an inhalational therapy, but PEG-stabilisation results in a higher degree of membrane integrity in lung surfactant.
Dynamic instruction scheduling and the Astronautics ZS-1 (1989)

An overview of and survey solutions to the problem of instruction scheduling for pipelined computers are provided. The author demonstrated that dynamic instruction scheduling can provide performance improvements not possible with static scheduling alone. He describes a high-performance computer, the Astronautics ZS-1, which uses novel methods for implementing dynamic scheduling and which can outperform computers using similar-speed technologies that rely solely on state-of-the-art static scheduling techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to long carbon-chain hydrocarbons (2007)

It is shown for the first time that using Pt nanoparticles on carbon-based electrodes it is possible to convert CO2 to long carbon-chain hydrocarbons (>C5) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in a continuous flow cell having the working electrode directly in contact with the CO2 in the gas phase. The performances and product distribution depend on the nature of the electrocatalyst and the reaction conditions. It is also shown that product distribution is different from that expected from Anderson–Schultz–Flory distribution for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. This step integrates in a photoelectrochemical device to ultimately use solar energy and water to convert back CO2 to fuels. The possibility of the use of this device for Mars missions is also mentioned.