gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of granule proteins from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes which are bactericidal toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1991)

Killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a 55-kDa bactericidal protein (BP 55), a 30-kDa protein (BP 30), cathepsin G, elastase, and proteinase 3 has been compared. P. aeruginosa was resistant to killing by elastase and proteinase 3. BP 55 at a 50% lethal dose (LD50) of 0.23 micrograms of protein per 5 x 10(6) bacteria per ml killed P. aeruginosa and was far more active than BP 30 and cathepsin G. The LD50s of BP 30 and cathepsin G were 16.9 and 28.3 micrograms of protein per 5 x 10(6) bacteria per ml, respectively. Preincubation of BP 55 or BP 30 with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P. aeruginosa inhibited bactericidal activity. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of BP 55 and BP 30 revealed no relationship between the two proteins. However, a monoclonal antibody (AHN-15) reacted with both proteins by Western immunoblot. The bactericidal activity of cathepsin G toward P. aeruginosa appeared to be dependent on the availability of the active site of the enzyme; bactericidal activity was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and by the specific cathepsin G inhibitor, Z-Gly-Leu-Phe-CH2Cl. The enzyme and bactericidal activities of cathepsin G were also inhibited by LPS from P. aeruginosa. LPS from P. aeruginosa was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme activity of cathepsin G. Elastase enzyme activity was also inhibited noncompetitively by LPS, but the enzyme was not bactericidal. We have concluded that all three bactericidal proteins (BP 55, BP 30, and cathepsin G) may bind to the LPS of the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa. It appears that the enzyme active site must be available for cathepsin G to kill P. aeruginosa and that the active site may be involved in the binding of cathepsin G to P. aeruginosa.
New methods for rapid separation and detection of oligosaccharides from glycoproteins (1988)

Ion exchange chromatography at high pH with pulsed amperometric detection of the eluted glycans permitted resolution of the eight major components in the mixture of asparagine-linked glycans derived from the single glycosylation site of ovalbumin. The individual glycans were first partially separated according to size, and were characterized by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and specific enzymatic degradation with beta-galactosidase and endoglycosidase H; subnanomolar quantities of all eight components could subsequently be unequivocally identified in the elution diagram. To ascertain that the chromatographic separation of the ovalbumin glycan mixture was not restricted to the asparagine-linked glycans, it was established that the corresponding mixture of reducing oligosaccharides (asparagine removed) or Asn-oligosaccharides blocked at the alpha-amino group with biotin gave very similar resolution of the eight glycans. In the absence of pure reference compounds, the quantification of the different glycans by the amperometric detection system was evaluated by comparing the electrochemical signal to the molecular ion peak intensity in the mass spectrometer. With one exception, the two methods were in good agreement, which suggests that the amperometric detection system yields a valid quantitative estimate for most of these chemically related compounds.
Integrated Genomic Profiling of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Identifies Subtypes of Deletion 13q14 (2008)

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a biologically heterogeneous illness with a variable clinical course. Loss of chromosomal material on chromosome 13 at cytoband 13q14 is the most frequent genetic abnormality in CLL, but the molecular aberrations underlying del13q14 in CLL remain incompletely characterized. We analyzed 171 CLL cases for loss of heterozygosity and subchromosomal copy loss on chromosome 13 in DNA from fluorescence-activated cell sorting–sorted CD19+ cells and paired buccal cells using the Affymetrix XbaI 50k SNP array platform. The resulting high-resolution genomic maps, together with array-based measurements of expression levels of RNA in CLL cases with and without del13q14 and quantitative PCR–based expression analysis of selected genes, support the following conclusions: (a) del13q14 is heterogeneous and composed of multiple subtypes, with deletion of Rb or the miR15a/miR16 loci serving as anatomic landmarks, respectively; (b) del13q14 type Ia deletions are relatively uniform in length and extend from breakpoints close to the miR15a/miR16 cluster to a newly identified telomeric breakpoint cluster at the ∼50.2 to 50.5 Mb physical position; (c) LATS2 RNA levels are ∼2.6-fold to 2.8-fold lower in cases with del13q14 type I that do not delete Rb, as opposed to del13q14 type II or all other CLL cases; (d) PHLPP RNA is absent in ∼50% of CLL cases with del13q14; and (e) ∼15% of CLL cases display marked reductions in miR15a/miR16 expression that are often but not invariably associated with bi-allelic miR15a/miR16 loss. These data should aid future investigations into biological differences imparted on CLL by different del13q14 subtypes. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1012–21]
Librispeech: An ASR corpus based on public domain audio books (2015)

This paper introduces a new corpus of read English speech, suitable for training and evaluating speech recognition systems. The LibriSpeech corpus is derived from audiobooks that are part of the LibriVox project, and contains 1000 hours of speech sampled at 16 kHz. We have made the corpus freely available for download, along with separately prepared language-model training data and pre-built language models. We show that acoustic models trained on LibriSpeech give lower error rate on the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) test sets than models trained on WSJ itself. We are also releasing Kaldi scripts that make it easy to build these systems.
Conditional macrophage ablation in transgenic mice expressing a Fas-based suicide gene (2004)

Transgenic mice expressing an inducible suicide gene, which allows systemic and reversible elimination of macrophages, were developed. A macrophage-specific c-fms promoter was used to express enhanced green fluorescent protein and a drug-inducible suicide gene that leads to Fas-mediated apoptosis in resting and cycling cells of the macrophage lineage. Transgenic mice were fertile, of normal weight, and showed no abnormal phenotype before drug exposure. The transgene was expressed constitutively in macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) but not significantly in T cells or B cells. Induction of the suicide gene led to depletion of 70-95% of macrophages and DC in nearly all tissues examined. Depletion reduced the ability to clear bacteria from the blood and led to increased bacterial growth in the liver. Depleted mice displayed several abnormalities, including splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, thymic atrophy, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and development of peritoneal adhesions. This new, transgenic line will be useful in investigating the role of macrophages and DC.
Correlation between template bleeding times and spontaneous bleeding during treatment of acute myocardial infarction with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator. (1989)

The purpose of this study was to correlate bleeding complications during and after treatment with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) with serial template bleeding time measurements, with ADP-induced platelet aggregation, with clinical characteristics, and with hemostatic parameters. Fifty-two of 55 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction and template bleeding times (Ivy method) of less than 9.5 minutes were treated with rt-PA in a total dose of 55-212 mg (mean, 109 mg) over 90 to 360 minutes (median, 240 minutes) combined with heparin. The mean bleeding time was significantly prolonged at 90 minutes (from 5.0 +/- 1.9 to 8.2 +/- 4.3 minutes, p less than 0.0001) but returned toward baseline after 4 hours (from a median of 8.0 to 7.0 minutes, p less than 0.05). Thirteen patients (25%) suffered relatively minor but spontaneous bleeding that did not correlate with age, hypertension, smoking, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, ADP-induced platelet aggregation, steady-state rt-PA level, or extent of fibrinogen degradation. In multivariate analysis, only the 90-minute bleeding time correlated with spontaneous bleeding (p = 0.01). Prolongation of the 90-minute bleeding time to greater than or equal to 9 minutes, which occurred in 21 patients, correlated with spontaneous bleeding with a sensitivity of 69% (95% confidence interval, 39-90%) and a specificity of 69% (95% confidence interval, 52-83%). Retrospective analysis revealed that in 14 patients taking aspirin, the bleeding time at 90 minutes was significantly more prolonged (p less than 0.05) and spontaneous bleeding significantly more frequent (p less than 0.01) than in patients not taking aspirin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evolution of a 2.05 eV AlGaInP top sub-cell for 5 and 6J-IMM applications (2012)

This paper discusses the evolution of our 2.05 eV AlGaInP top sub-cell. Although we were not successful in introducing a more optimum 1.94 eV AlGaInP alloy into the top sub-cell of our 3 or 4J-IMM (inverted metamorphic multi-junction) structure because of insufficient current density capacity, we did successfully develop a 2.05 eV AlGaInP top sub-cell structure for 5 or 6J-IMM application. To achieve the desired current capacity of 11.3mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , we fabricated 2.05 eV hetero-junctions composed of a 1.91 eV GaInP emitter and a 2.05 eV AlGaInP base. Such a hetero-junction top sub-cell incorporated in a 3J-IMM iso-type structure exhibited sufficient J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sc</sub> but reduced V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> =1.466 V, being only 43 mV greater than the 1.91 eV GaInP homo-junction sub-cell. Minor modification to the emitter of our AlGaInP homo-junction permitted the fabrication of a 2.05 eV sub-cell in a 5J-IMM iso-type structure with sufficient current density and improved V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> =1.537 V. 5 and 6J-IMM cells incorporating these top sub-cells demonstrated maximum V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> s= 4.839 and 5.195 V, respectively.
Use of Polymer-Supported Pd Reagents for Rapid and Efficient Suzuki Reactions Using Microwave Heating (2004)

A rapid and efficient Suzuki coupling protocol has been developed utilizing polymer-supported palladium catalysts and microwave irradiation. It is also shown that solid-phase extraction of excess boronic acids can be rapidly and conveniently accomplished by utilization of a silica-supported carbonate base. [reaction: see text]
Design criteria for the leg of a walking machine derived by biological inspiration from quadrupedal mammals (2001)

International audience
Haemostasis Factors in Angina Pectoris; Relation to Gender, Age and Acute-phase Reaction (1995)

The ECAT Angina Pectoris Study is a European multicentre study with the aim of investigating the pathogenetic and predictive role of haemostatic factors in the progression of coronary heart disease. It is the largest study performed up to now with regard to both the number of patients with angina pectoris (n = 3043) and the number of haemostasis assays (n = 23) included. The present paper presents baseline cross-sectional data with particular reference to the relationship of haemostatic factors with each other and with the coronary risk factors age, gender and acute-phase reaction (1). Two clusters of haemostatic factors could be distinguished in which each variable was correlated (P < 0.001) to every other variable: (a) Eight fibrinolysis assays including t-PA, PAI-1 and euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT), for which PAI-1 appeared to be the dominating factor; (b) antithrombin III, protein C, alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasminogen, the interdependence of which has no obvious explanation. (2). Twelve out of the 23 haemostasis assays were associated (P < or = 0.01) with age. Except for alpha 2-antiplasmin, these relationships indicated an increased tendency to thrombosis with increasing age. (3). Gender differences found in 14 haemostasis parameters do not indicate a consistent difference in the tendency to thrombosis between men and women. Eight haemostasis parameters were on average higher in female than in male patients in the age group over 50 years. (4). C-reactive protein, an acute-phase reactant, was positively correlated (P < 0.001) with fibrinogen, factor VIIIc, von Willebrand factor, the fibrinolysis assays t-PA, PAI-1, ECLT and plasminogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Age-Dependent Influences on the Origins of Autoimmune Diabetes (2004)

A decade ago we proposed that environmental factors operating in early life lead to type 1 diabetes, outlining the evidence and the implications if the hypothesis was true (1). Today we can be confident that environmental factors can indeed operate in childhood to cause type 1 diabetes, but we now review evidence that this is unlikely to be true in the generality of cases of type 1 diabetes. Indeed, type 1 diabetes presenting in adult life is remarkably distinct from diabetes presenting in children in terms of its genetic, immune, metabolic, and clinical features. If the mechanism and timing of disease induction is also distinct in adult-onset, compared with childhood-onset, type 1 diabetes, then these differences would have implications for our understanding of the disease pathogenesis, prediction, and prevention. The aim of this article is to explore the different influences of genetic and nongenetic factors on type 1 diabetes according to the age of clinical disease onset and the potential consequences of such differences.

Type 1 diabetes is caused by the destruction of insulin-secreting islet cells by an immune-mediated process. This adverse immune response is induced and promoted by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors and is one of a group of autoimmune diseases that affect ∼10% of the population in the developed world (2–5).

Type 1 diabetes is genetically determined as shown by family, twin, and genetic studies. The frequency of type 1 diabetes is higher in siblings of diabetic patients (e.g., 6% by age 30 years in the U.K.) than in the general population (0.4% by age 30 years) (6). Familial clustering could be caused by shared genetic or environmental factors, and to distinguish between them, twin studies have been used. Higher concordance rates for autoimmune diseases in identical compared with nonidentical twins is …
Domains, motifs, and linkers in 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes: a paradigm in the design of a multifunctional protein (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDomains, motifs, and linkers in 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes: a paradigm in the design of a multifunctional proteinRichard N. PerhamCite this: Biochemistry 1991, 30, 35, 8501–8512Publication Date (Print):September 3, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 3 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00099a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00099a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1167Altmetric-Citations343LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy improves glycemic control in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study. The Pioglitazone 001 Study Group. (2000)

Pioglitazone monotherapy significantly improves HbA1c and FPG while producing beneficial effects on serum lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes with no evidence of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
Noninvasive In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Experimental Coronary Artery Lesions in a Porcine Model (2000)

Using a clinical MR system, we were able to image coronary artery lesions in vivo in an experimental porcine model. Further studies are needed to assess the ability of MRI to characterize coronary atherosclerotic lesions in vivo.
Biological activities of synthetic lipid A analogs: pyrogenicity, lethal toxicity, anticomplement activity, and induction of gelation of Limulus amoebocyte lysate (1984)

Chemically synthesized lipid A analogs were investigated for several endotoxic activities, including pyrogenicity, lethal toxicity, anticomplement activity, and the capacity to gelate Limulus amoebocyte lysate in comparison to natural lipid A. The synthetic preparations contained D-glucosamine or D-glucosamine-beta-1,6-D-glucosamine disaccharide substituted by ester- and amide-bound hydroxylated or non-hydroxylated fatty acids and by phosphate groups in different combinations. Some preparations which were insoluble in water were succinylated and thus rendered more soluble. Strong biphasic pyrogenic responses with a maximal increase in body temperature of 1 to 2 degrees C were obtained with 50 micrograms/kg doses of 3 disaccharide preparations of 15 tested. With two preparations (50 micrograms/kg) moderate pyrogenicity with monophasic fever curves and a maximal temperature increase of about 0.6 degrees C was obtained. Lethal toxicity tests were carried out in galactosamine-sensitized mice. Of 15 synthetic preparations, 4 exhibited lethal toxicity under these conditions. The effective doses of the lipid A analogs in both in vivo tests were, however, several hundred times higher than those of bacterial lipid A. For the activities in vivo, hydroxyacyl residues seemed to be important. Anticomplement activity was demonstrable in seven preparations, one of which expressed an activity comparable to that of lipid A. Preparations containing non-hydroxylated fatty acids seemed to be most active in this test. None of the synthetic preparations was found to exhibit gelation activity for Limulus amoebocyte lysate when tested in doses up to 0.4 micrograms, whereas bacterial free lipid A was active in doses of about 2 pg. None of the monosaccharide derivatives exhibited any of these activities.
Lentiviral Vectors for Gene Transfer to the Central Nervous System: Applications in Lysosomal Storage Disease Animal Models (2003)

Recombinant viral vectors have been used to study a variety of fundamental issues in developmental neurobiology, as well as pathogenesis and treatments for various neurodegenerative diseases. Lentiviral vectors are valuable tools for neurobiology research, because of their ability to transduce nondividing cells such as neurons, to introduce new genes into central nervous system (CNS) cells in vivo and in vitro. In this chapter, we provide a variety of detailed methods for evaluating lentiviral transduction of the CNS in the mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) mouse model.
Wavelength swept amplified spontaneous emission source (2009)

We present a new, alternative approach to realize a wavelength swept light source with no fundamental limit to sweep speed. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light alternately passes a cascade of optical gain elements and tunable optical bandpass filters. We show that for high sweep speeds, the control signal for the different filters has to be applied with a defined, precise phase delay on the order of nanoseconds, to compensate for the light propagation time between the filters and ensure optimum operation. At a center wavelength of 1300 nm sweep rates of 10 kHz, 100 kHz and 340 kHz over a sweep range of 100 nm full width and an average power of 50 mW are demonstrated. For application in optical coherence tomography (OCT), an axial resolution of 12 microm (air), a sensitivity of 120 dB (50 mW) and a dynamic range of 50 dB are achieved and OCT imaging is demonstrated. Performance parameters like coherence properties and relative intensity noise (RIN) are quantified, discussed and compared to the performance of Fourier Domain Mode Locked (FDML) lasers. Physical models for the observed difference in performance are provided.
The chemiluminescence of lucigenin. (1969)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Chemistry. Thesis. 1969. Ph.D.
Cherenkov radiation of superluminal particles (2002)

Any charged particle moving faster than light through a medium emits Cherenkov radiation. We show that charged particles moving faster than light through the vacuum emit Cherenkov radiation. How can a particle move faster than light? The weak speed of a charged particle can exceed the speed of light. By definition, the weak velocity $〈\mathbf{v}{〉}_{w}$ is $〈{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{\mathrm{fin}}|\mathbf{v}|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{\mathrm{in}}〉/〈{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{\mathrm{fin}}|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{\mathrm{in}}〉,$ where $\mathbf{v}$ is the velocity operator and $|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{\mathrm{in}}〉$ and $|{\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{\mathrm{fin}}〉$ are, respectively, the states of a particle before and after a velocity measurement. We discuss the consistency of weak values and show that superluminal weak speed is consistent with relativistic causality.
Anti‐intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 antibody's effect on noise damage (2009)

Blocking the cascade of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by using anti-ICAM-Ab protects against noise-induced hearing loss.
In Vivo Retargeting of T Cell Effector Function by Recombinant Bispecific Single Chain Fv (Anti-CD3 × Anti-Idiotype) Induces Long-Term Survival in the Murine BCL1 Lymphoma Model (1998)

As demonstrated in several preclinical models, bispecific Abs are attractive immunotherapeutic agents for tumor treatment. We have previously reported that a bacterially produced anti-CD3 x antitumor bispecific single chain variable fragment of Ab fragment (BsscFv), which is capable of retargeting CTLs toward BCL1 tumor cells, exhibits antitumor activity in vitro. To further facilitate BsscFv production, the coding sequence was subcloned in a eukaryotic expression vector and introduced into Chinese hamster ovary cells for large-scale production. In this report, we have determined the serum stability and the clearance rate from the circulation of BsscFv. Most important, we prove here the therapeutic value of BsscFv in the treatment of BCL1 lymphoma, a murine model for human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Tumor-bearing mice that were treated with rscFv in combination with staphylococcal enterotoxin B superantigen, human rIL-2, or murine rIL-12 showed long-term survival, whereas untreated mice all died. This is the first report of the successful in vivo use of BsscFv as an immunotherapeutic agent. Furthermore, long-term survival was the result of complete tumor removal and was not due to the induction of dormancy.
USABLE VEHICLE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS : ARE WE THERE YET? (2000)

In this paper, the author presents an overview of issues regarding the design of the human machine interface (HMI) for GPS-based vehicle navigation systems. General usability issues are first covered followed by a look at the three most important interfaces: voice display, and control.