gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CHRONIC TOXICITY AND HEPATOCARCINOGENICITY OF (+) RUGULOSIN, AN ANTHRAQUINOID MYCOTOXIN FROM PENICILLIUM SPECIES : PRELIMINARY SURVEYS IN MICE. (1980)

(+) Rugulosin (RUG) is bis-anthraquinoid pigment produced by fungi such as Penicillium rugulosum Thom, P. tardum and others, and its chemical structure is very close to (-) luteoskyrin, one of bis-anthraquinoid pigments of Penicillium islandicum Sopp and hepatocarcinogenic to mice and rats. This investigation was concerned with the subacute and chronic effects of RUG on hepatic injury and hepatocellular tumor induction in male mice fed purified diets for 22 days containing 1.5 mg/5 g diet/animal per day or whole feeding period containing 0.3 and 0.75 mg RUG/5 g diet/animal per day. A half of male DDD mice receiving 1.5 mg RUG for the initial 22 days of feeding died 1-3 weeks thereafter from the acute hepatic injury characterized by fatty degeneration and liver cell necrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma developed in one out of 14 mice surviving the feeding of control diet for additional 400 days. Each one fourth of cases of male ddYS mice receiving 0.3 and 0.75 mg RUG for 500-700 days developed hyperplastic nodules of liver cells. These data suggest that RUG is possibly a weak hepatocarcinogen for male mice with a potency les than one tenth of (-) luteoskyrin.
After the Financial Crisis: The Future of Payment Innovations (2010)

The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago hosted its tenth annual Payments Conference, Payment Innovations in the Wake of the Financial Crisis, on May 20?21, 2010, to discuss emerging trends within the payments industry and new regulation following the financial crisis.research on health and health care policy.
Object-oriented database systems (1988)

This paper describes my vision of the current state of object-oriented database research. I first briefly define this field by its objectives, and relate it to other database subfields. I describe what I consider to be the main characteristics of an object oriented system, i.e. those which are important to integrate in a database system: encapsulation, object identity, classes or types, inheritance, overriding and late binding. I point out the differences between an object oriented system and an object oriented database system. I also point out the advantages and drawbacks of an object oriented database system with respect to a relational system. Finally, I list some research issues.
SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein vaccine candidate NVX-CoV2373 immunogenicity in baboons and protection in mice (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread throughout the world with an urgent need for a safe and protective vaccine to effectuate herd protection and control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we report the development of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) from the full-length spike (S) protein that is stable in the prefusion conformation. NVX-CoV2373 S form 27.2-nm nanoparticles that are thermostable and bind with high affinity to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. In mice, low-dose NVX-CoV2373 with saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant elicit high titer anti-S IgG that blocks hACE2 receptor binding, neutralize virus, and protects against SARS-CoV-2 challenge with no evidence of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. NVX-CoV2373 also elicits multifunctional CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, CD4<sup>+</sup> follicular helper T cells (Tfh), and antigen-specific germinal center (GC) B cells in the spleen. In baboons, low-dose levels of NVX-CoV2373 with Matrix-M was also highly immunogenic and elicited high titer anti-S antibodies and functional antibodies that block S-protein binding to hACE2 and neutralize virus infection and antigen-specific T cells. These results support the ongoing phase 1/2 clinical evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of NVX-CoV2373 with Matrix-M (NCT04368988).
Capturing, indexing, clustering, and retrieving system history (2005)

We present a method for automatically extracting from a running system an indexable signature that distills the essential characteristic from a system state and that can be subjected to automated clustering and similarity-based retrieval to identify when an observed system state is similar to a previously-observed state. This allows operators to identify and quantify the frequency of recurrent problems, to leverage previous diagnostic efforts, and to establish whether problems seen at different installations of the same site are similar or distinct. We show that the naive approach to constructing these signatures based on simply recording the actual ``raw'' values of collected measurements is ineffective, leading us to a more sophisticated approach based on statistical modeling and inference. Our method requires only that the system's metric of merit (such as average transaction response time) as well as a collection of lower-level operational metrics be collected, as is done by existing commercial monitoring tools. Even if the traces have no annotations of prior diagnoses of observed incidents (as is typical), our technique successfully clusters system states corresponding to similar problems, allowing diagnosticians to identify recurring problems and to characterize the ``syndrome'' of a group of problems. We validate our approach on both synthetic traces and several weeks of production traces from a customer-facing geoplexed 24 x 7 system; in the latter case, our approach identified a recurring problem that had required extensive manual diagnosis, and also aided the operators in correcting a previous misdiagnosis of a different problem.
The architecture of a multicast broadband packet switch (2003)

The authors propose an architecture that can switch hundreds of gigabits while meeting a wide variety of service requirements. The switch can be constructed out of a few atomic cell types with regular interconnection patterns. This simple structure lends itself to very effective VLSI implementation. The multicast packet switch consists of three internally nonblocking, self-routing subnetworks. First, the selector subnetwork arbitrates among competing demands for copies to satisfy real-time requirements. The copy subnetwork then makes the copies and the switch subnetwork routes the packet copies to their final destinations. The authors detail the architecture and operation of the multicast switch.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rat brain N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase activity. Purification and immunologic characterization. (1990)

N-Acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALA dipeptidase) is a membrane-bound metallopeptidase that cleaves glutamate from the endogenous neuropeptide N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate. In this report, we have solubilized NAALA dipeptidase activity from synaptosomal membranes with Triton X-100 and purified it to apparent homogeneity by sequential column chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, CM-Sepharose, and lentil lectin-Sepharose. This procedure resulted in a 720-fold purification with 1.6% yield. The purified ezyme migrated as a single silver-stained band on a sodium dodecyl sulfate gel with an apparent molecular weight of 94 kDa. Using an enzymatic stain to visualize NAALA dipeptidase activity within a gel matrix, we have confirmed that the 94-kDa band is, indeed, NAALA dipeptidase. The purified enzyme was characterized and found to be pharmacologically similar to NAALA dipeptidase activity described previously in synaptosomal membrane extracts. Using the purified NAALA dipeptidase as antigen, we have raised specific and high titer polyclonal antibodies in guinea pig. Immunocytochemical studies show intense NAALA dipeptidase immunoreactivity in the cerebellar and renal cortices.
Articular cartilage: tissue design and chondrocyte-matrix interactions. (1998)

The unique biologic and mechanical properties of articular cartilage depend on the design of the tissue and the interactions between the chondrocytes and the matrix that maintain the tissue. Chondrocytes form the macromolecular framework of the tissue matrix from three classes of molecules: collagens, proteoglycans, and noncollagenous proteins. Type II, IX, and XI collagens form a fibrillar meshwork that gives the tissue as form and tensile stiffness and strength. Type VI collagen forms part of the matrix immediately surrounding the chondrocytes and may help the chondrocytes to attach to the macromolecular framework of the matrix. Large aggregating proteoglycans (aggrecans) give the tissue its stiffness to compression and its resilience and contribute to its durability. Small proteoglycans, including decorin, biglycan, and fibromodulin, bind to other matrix macromolecules and thereby help to stabilize the matrix. They may also influence the function of the chondrocytes and bind growth factors. Anchorin CII, a noncollagenous protein, appears to help to anchor chondrocytes to the matrix. Cartilage oligomeric protein may have value as a marker of turnover and degeneration of cartilage, and other noncollagenous proteins, including tenascin and fibronectin, can influence interactions between the chondrocytes and the matrix. The matrix protects the cells from injury due to normal use of the joint, determines the types and concentrations of molecules that reach the tells and helps to maintain the chondrocyte phenotype. Throughout life, the tissue undergoes continual internal remodeling as the cells replace matrix macromolecules lost through degradation. The available evidence indicates that normal matrix turnover depends on the ability of chondrocytes to detect alterations in the macromolecular composition and organization of the matrix, including the presence of degraded molecules, and to respond by synthesizing appropriate types and amounts of new molecules. In addition, the matrix acts as a signal transducer for the cells. Loading of the tissue due to use of the joint creates mechanical, electrical, and physicochemical signals that help to direct the synthetic and degradative activity of chondrocytes. A prolonged severe decrease in the use of the joint leads to alterations in the composition of the matrix and eventually to loss of tissue structure and mechanical properties, whereas use of the joint stimulates the synthetic activity of chondrocytes and possibly the internal tissue remodeling Aging leads to alterations in the composition of the matrix and the activity of the chondrocytes, including the ability of the cells to respond to a variety of stimuli such as growth factors. These alterations may increase the probability of degeneration of the cartilage.
Methods for Determination of Plasmin, Antiplasmin and Plasminogen by Means of Substrate S-2251 (1978)

The chromogenic substrate S-2251 (H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA), a selective and sensitive substrate for plasmin activity, has made it possible to develop simple and reproducible methods for the determination of antiplasmin and plasminogen in human plasma. These methods have been optimized and studied in detail and found to be very specific for the respective factors.
Role of HPC2/ELAC2 in hereditary prostate cancer. (2001)

The HPC2/ELAC2 gene on chromosome 17p was recently identified as a candidate gene for hereditary prostate cancer (HPC). To confirm these findings, we screened 300 prostate cancer patients (2 affected members/family) from 150 families with HPC for potential germ-line mutations using conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis, followed by direct sequence analysis. The minimum criteria for our families with HPC was the presence of 3 affected men with prostate cancer. A total of 23 variants were identified, including 13 intronic and 10 exonic changes. Of the 10 exonic changes, 1 truncating mutation was identified, a Glu216Stop nonsense mutation. This nonsense variant was found in 2 of 3 affected men in a single family. The remaining nine alterations included five missense, three silent, and one variant in the 3' untranslated region. To additionally test for potential associations of polymorphic variants and increased risk for disease, we genotyped two common polymorphisms, Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr, in 446 prostate cancer patients from 164 families with HPC and 502 population-based controls. The frequency of the Leu217 variant was similar for patients (32.3%) and controls (31.8%), as was the frequency of the Thr541 variant (5.4% among patients versus 5.2% among controls). In contrast to previous reports, we found no association of the joint effects of Leu271 and Thr541 (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.57-1.89). Overall, our results did not reveal any association between these two common polymorphisms and the risk for HPC. The finding of a nonsense mutation in the HPC2/ELAC2 gene confirms its potential role in genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer. However, our data also suggest that germ-line mutations of the HPC2/ELAC2 are rare in HPC and that the variants Leu217 and Thr541 do not appear to influence the risk for HPC. Cumulatively, these results suggest that alterations within the HPC2/ELAC2 gene play a limited role in genetic susceptibility to HPC.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Dipeptide‐Conjugated Nucleosides and Their Interaction with RNA (2003)

Abstract Dipeptide‐conjugated nucleosides were efficiently synthesized from the intermediates of 3′‐amino‐3′‐deoxy‐nucleosides by using the solid‐phase synthetic strategy with HOBt/HBTU (1‐hydroxy‐1 H ‐benzotriazole/2‐(1 H ‐benzotriazol‐1‐yl)‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyluronium hexafluoroborate) as the coupling reagents ( Schemes 1–3 ). CD Spectra and thermal melting studies showed that the synthesized hydrophobic dipeptidethymidine and uridine derivatives 8a – 8d, 13a – d , and 18 had a mild affinity with the polyA⋅polyU duplex and could induce the change of RNA conformation. The results also implied that the interaction of conjugates with RNA might be related to the sugar pucker conformation of the nucleoside.
Noncovalent Antibody Immobilization on Porous Silicon Combined with Miniaturized Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) for Array Based ImmunoMALDI Assays (2011)

This paper presents a new strategy to combine the power of antibody based capturing of target species in complex samples with the benefits of microfluidic reverse phase sample preparation on an integrated sample enrichment target (RP-ISET) and the analysis speed of MALDI MS. The immunoaffinity step is performed on an in-house developed 3D-structured high surface area porous silicon (PSi) matrix, which allows efficient antibody immobilization by surface adsorption without any coupling agents in 30-60 min. The hydrophilic nature of the porous silicon surface at the molecular level displays a low adsorption of background peptides when exposed to complex digests or plasma samples, improving the conditions for the antigen specific extraction and subsequent readout. At the same time, the hydrophobic behavior, due to the nanostructured surface, of the PSi material facilitates liquid confinement during the assay. Using a footprint conforming to the standard for 384 well microplates, direct adaption of the protocol into standard sample handling robots is possible. The performance of the proposed immunoaffinity PSi-ISET immunoMALDI (iMALDI) assay was evaluated by specific detection of angiotensin I at a 10 femtomol level in diluted plasma samples (10 μL, 1 nM).
p53 Negatively Regulates cdc2 Transcription via the CCAAT-binding NF-Y Transcription Factor (1999)

The p53 tumor suppressor protein regulates the transcription of regulatory genes involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We have reported previously that inducible expression of the p53 gene leads to the cell cycle arrest both at G(1) and G(2)/M in association with induction of p21 and reduction of mitotic cyclins (cyclin A and B) and cdc2 mRNA. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which p53 regulates transcription of the cdc2 gene. Transient transfection analysis showed that wild type p53 represses whereas various dominant negative mutants of p53 increase cdc2 transcription. The cdc2 promoter activity is not repressed in cells transfected with a transactivation mutant, p53(22/23). An adenovirus oncoprotein, E1B-55K inhibits the p53-mediated repression of the cdc2 promoter, while E1B-19K does not. Since the cdc2 promoter does not contain a TATA sequence, we performed deletion and point mutation analyses and identified the inverted CCAAT sequence located at -76 as a cis-acting element for the p53-mediated regulation. We found that a specific DNA-protein complex is formed at the CCAAT sequence and that this complex contains the NF-Y transcription factor. Consistently, a dominant negative mutant of the NF-YA subunit, NF-YAm29, decreases the cdc2 promoter, and p53 does not further decrease the promoter activity in the presence of NF-YAm29. These results suggest that p53 negatively regulates cdc2 transcription and that the NF-Y transcription factor is required for the p53-mediated regulation.
Scan statistics for the online discovery of anomalous subgraphs (2024)

Abstract Not Provided
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptor Kinase-independent Signaling by EGF (2001)

The ErbB family of receptors, which includes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4, mediate signaling by EGF-like polypeptides. To better understand the role of the EGFR tyrosine kinase, we analyzed signaling by a kinase-inactive EGFR (K721M) in ErbB-devoid 32D cells. K721M alone exhibited no detectable signaling capacity, whereas coexpression of K721M with ErbB2, but not ErbB3 or ErbB4, resulted in EGF-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. The kinase activity, but not tyrosine phosphorylation, of ErbB2 was required for EGF-induced MAPK activation. The presence of tyrosine phosphorylation sites in K721M was not a requisite for signaling, indicating that transphosphorylation of K721M by ErbB2 was not an essential mechanism of receptor activation. Conversely, the mutated kinase domain of K721M (residues 648-973) and tyrosine phosphorylation of at least one of the receptors were necessary. EGF was found to activate the pro-survival protein kinase Akt in stable cell lines expressing K721M and ErbB2 but, unlike cells expressing wild-type EGFR, was incapable of activating signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) or driving cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that EGFR-ErbB2 oligomers are potent activators of MAPK and Akt, and this signaling does not require EGFR kinase activity.
Frozen storage of Ham's F10 medium for human in-vitro fertilization (1990)

A method of frozen storage of Ham's F10 medium was investigated that provides 'ready-to-use' culture medium for human in-vitro fertilization, without the necessity of readjusting and testing the medium after thawing. Ham's F10 medium, without bicarbonate, was adjusted to 245 mOsm/kg and stored in aliquots of 33 ml at -20 degrees C. Aliquots of 1 ml of a 7.5% (w/v) sodium bicarbonate solution were stored separately at the same temperature. The two components were mixed together after thawing. In the first test series, mouse embryos were cultured in media stored frozen for varying intervals between 2 weeks and 6 months and no difference in the rates of blastocyst formation was detected. Frozen-stored Ham's F10 medium was then used for human IVF in 256 cycles performed within a 16-month period in two different IVF centres. The pregnancy rates were evaluated and correlated with the duration of the frozen storage (between 1 week and 3 months) and compared to the outcome of 24 cases in which non-frozen medium was used. There was no significant difference in the pregnancy rates in the different groups (19% with non-frozen medium and between 21 and 33% with frozen-stored medium). Thus it was shown that there is no loss of quality of the frozen-stored media within the tested period of 3 months. The prolonged storage interval offers the possibility of extended quality tests and cross-tests between different IVF laboratories.
Bone Growth Factors (1991)

Bone volume is determined by the relative rates of bone formation and bone resorption. Recent research in several laboratories suggests that growth factors may act locally to modulate bone formation by stimulating osteoblast proliferation and activity. A number of bone-derived growth factors have been isolated and characterized from bone matrix extracts and from media conditioned by bone cells and bone organs in culture. The growth factors found in bone matrix include insulinlike growth factors I and II, transforming growth factor-β, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor, plateletderived growth factor, and bone morphogenetic proteins. Conditioned medium from bone cells contains several of these growth factors and also hematopoietic factors. These bone matrix-derived growth factors have different biologic activities, including mitogenic, differentiating, chemotactic, and osteolytic activities. Evidence suggests that bone cells produce substantial quantities of growth factors for extracellular storage in bone matrix. Apart from being produced for extracellular storage, it is possible that growth factors secreted by bone cells have acute effects on their neighboring osteoblastic cells, i.e., paracrine action, or on themselves, i.e., autocrine action. The release of matrix-stored growth factors by bone resorption may mean that growth factors act as delayed paracrine agents, e.g., osteoblasts deposit growth factors in bone and later when these growth factors are released from bone via bone resorption, the growth factors stimulate osteoblast precursors to proliferate. The findings that bone is a storehouse for growth factors and that bone cells in culture produce and respond to bone growth factors suggest bone growth factors may act as potential determinants of local bone formation. This review is focused on the structure, regulation, and biologic actions of the known bone growth factors.
Improvement of Sentiment Analysis Based on Clustering of Word2Vec Features (2017)

Recently, many researchers have shown interest in using Word2Vec as the features for text classification tasks such as sentiment analysis. Its ability to model high quality distributional semantics among words has contributed to its success in many of the tasks. However, due to the high dimensional nature of the Word2Vec features, it increases the complexity for the classifier. In this paper, a method to construct a feature set based on Word2Vec is proposed for sentiment analysis. The method is based on clustering of terms in the vocabulary based on a set of opinion words from a sentiment lexical dictionary. As a result, the feature set for the classification is constructed based on the set of clusters. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated on the Internet Movie Review Dataset with two classifiers, namely the Support Vector Machine and the Logistic Regression. The result is promising, showing that the proposed method can be more effective than the baseline approaches.
Arrays of Silicon Micro/Nanostructures Formed in Suspended Configurations for Deterministic Assembly Using Flat and Roller‐Type Stamps (2010)

The ability to create and manipulate large arrays of inorganic semiconductor micro/nanostructures for integration on unconventional substrates provides new possibilities in device engineering. Here, simple methods are described for the preparation of structures of single crystalline silicon in suspended and tethered configurations that facilitate their deterministic assembly using transfer-printing techniques. Diverse shapes (e.g., straight or curved edges), thicknesses (between 55 nm and 3 μm), and sizes (areas of 4000 μm(2) to 117 mm(2) ) of structures in varied layouts (regular or irregular arrays, with dense or sparse coverages) can be achieved, using either flat or cylindrical roller-type stamps. To demonstrate the technique, printing with 100% yield onto curved, rigid supports of glass and ceramics and onto thin sheets of plastic is shown. The fabrication of a printed array of silicon p(+) -i-n(+) junction photodiodes on plastic is representative of device-printing capabilities.