gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preclinical animal models of cardiac protection from anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. (1998)

The chronic cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines were initially detected in clinical trials with daunorubicin and doxorubicin. The clinical importance of anthracycline-induced chronic cardiotoxicity has led to the development of several animal models of this syndrome. Animal species examined in detail as models of this cardiac toxicity include the rabbit, the normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rat, the mouse, the pig, and the dog. The advantages and disadvantages of these animal models differ according to species: small animals can be used for comparative investigations of anthracycline analogues and/or protectors, which may be available only in limited amounts, while large animals can be used for studies in which evaluation of cardiac function are to be made. Among the various animals examined, the spontaneously hypertensive rat and the beagle dog are considered the most suitable small and large animal models, respectively, because of the reproducibility of the lesions induced by anthracyclines in the two species. A variety of pharmacologic agents has been tested for cardioprotective activity. The most successful of these agents are those that function as antioxidants, because they either scavenge reactive oxygen species or prevent their formation. The most clinically useful of these agents is ICRF-187 (dexrazoxane), which has been found to be cardioprotective in all animal models.
SV2 Is the Protein Receptor for Botulinum Neurotoxin A (2006)

How the widely used botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) recognizes and enters neurons is poorly understood. We found that BoNT/A enters neurons by binding to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2 (isoforms A, B, and C). Fragments of SV2 that harbor the toxin interaction domain inhibited BoNT/A from binding to neurons. BoNT/A binding to SV2A and SV2B knockout hippocampal neurons was abolished and was restored by expressing SV2A, SV2B, or SV2C. Reduction of SV2 expression in PC12 and Neuro-2a cells also inhibited entry of BoNT/A, which could be restored by expressing SV2 isoforms. Finally, mice that lacked an SV2 isoform (SV2B) displayed reduced sensitivity to BoNT/A. Thus, SV2 acts as the protein receptor for BoNT/A.
Escherichia coliEnterotoxin B Subunit Triggers Apoptosis of CD8+T Cells by Activating Transcription Factor c-Myc (2001)

Heat-labile enterotoxin from enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli is not only an important cause of diarrhea in humans and domestic animals but also possesses potent immunomodulatory properties. Recently, the nontoxic, receptor-binding B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin (EtxB) was found to induce the selective death of CD8(+) T cells, suggesting that EtxB may trigger activation of proapoptotic signaling pathways. Here we show that EtxB treatment of CD8(+) T cells but not of CD4(+) T cells triggers the specific up-regulation of the transcription factor c-myc, implicated in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. A concomitant elevation in Myc protein levels was also evident, with peak expression occurring 4 h posttreatment. Preincubation with c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides demonstrated that Myc expression was necessary for EtxB-mediated apoptosis. Myc activation was also associated with an increase of IkappaBalpha turnover, suggesting that elevated Myc expression may be dependent on NF-kappaB. When CD8(+) T cells were pretreated with inhibitors of IkappaBalpha turnover and NF-kappaB translocation, this resulted in a marked reduction in both EtxB-induced apoptosis and Myc expression. Further, a non-receptor-binding mutant of EtxB, EtxB(G33D), was shown to lack the capacity to activate Myc transcription. These findings provide further evidence that EtxB is a signaling molecule that triggers activation of transcription factors involved in cell survival.
Genres, Registers, Text Types, Domains and Styles: Clarifying the Concepts and Navigating a Path through the BNC Jungle (2002)

In this paper, an attempt is first made to clarify and tease apart the somewhat confusing terms genre, register, text type, domain, sublanguage and style. The use of these terms by various linguists and literary theorists working under different traditions or orientations will be examined and a possible way of synthesising their insights will be proposed and illustrated with reference to the disparate categories used to classify texts in various existing computer corpora. With this terminological problem resolved, a personal project which involved giving each of the 4,124 British National Corpus (BNC, version 1) files a descriptive genre label will then be described. The result of this work, a spreadsheet/database (the BNC Index) containing genre labels and other types of information about the BNC texts will then be described and its usefulness shown. It is envisaged that this resource will allow linguists, language teachers and other users to easily navigate through or scan the huge BNC jungle more easily, to quickly ascertain what is there (and how much) and to make informed selections from the mass of texts available. It should also greatly facilitate genre-based research (e.g. EAP, ESP, discourse analysis, lexicogrammatical and collocational studies) and focus everyday classroom concordancing activities by making it easy for people to restrict their searches to highly specified sub-sets of the BNC using PC-based concordancers such as WordSmith, MonoConc, or the web-based BNCWeb.
Adaptive modulation as a fade countermeasure. An olympus experiment (1990)

Abstract With the launch of the European Space Agency's Olympus‐1 satellite, a whole new era of communication experiments in the 20/30 GHz bands will start. Of particular interest will be those experiments concerned with fade countermeasures for the very small aperture terminals (VSATs). Portsmouth Polytechnic's experiment will focus on adaptive modulation as a type of fade countermeasure, and this paper introduces and describes the whole concept. Based on the assumption that the performance of a VSAT operating at 20/30 GHz band will be affected to a major extent by amplitude scintillations and rain fading, the performance of a range of combinations of earth‐station power amplifier and antenna characteristics is presented. An adaptive multi‐phase shift keying technique is then compared with conventional systems in terms of availability and data throughput. It is shown that such a fade countermeasure contributes to increasing both the overall system availability and the total data throughput of a digital communication system, while the inevitable reductions in data rate occur smoothly.
Vaccination with hybrids of tumor and dendritic cells induces tumor‐specific T‐cell and clinical responses in melanoma stage III and IV patients (2004)

Hybrid cell vaccination was developed as therapeutic approach that aims at stimulating tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses in cancer patients using hybrids of autologous tumor and allogeneic dendritic cells. We tested this concept and the efficacy of the vaccines in inducing clinical and immunologic responses in a clinical trial with melanoma stage III and IV patients. Of the 17 patients evaluated, 1 experienced a complete response, 1 a partial response and 6 stable disease with remarkably long survival times. In 11 of 14 patients analyzed, high-frequency T-cell responses to various tumor-associated T-cell epitope were induced and detectable in the peripheral blood. These immune responses were detected in clinical response patients as well as nonresponders. Failures of clinical responses in all the cases investigated correlated with loss of antigen expression and presentation. Hybrid cell vaccination thus proves effective in inducing tumor-specific T-cell responses in cancer patients.
A framework for tool path optimization in fused filament fabrication (2017)

First, we propose a meshing technique using a heuristic circle packing algorithm which generates meshes suitable for 3D printing. Second, we propose a discrete optimization approach to identify the optimal tool path in the mesh. Our approach is motivated by the Miller-Tucker-Zemlin formulation to the traveling salesman problem, and allows us to specify many additional constraints tailored to the AM problem. We present several simulations and also prints on the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Big Area Additive Manufacturing printer as experimental results.
Antitumor activities of combined treatment with a novel immunomodulator, (2S,3S,4R)-1-O-(alpha-D-Galactopyranosyl)-2-(N-Hexacosanoylamino)-1,3,4 - octadecanetriol (KRN7000), and radiotherapy in tumor-bearing mice. (1996)

The novel immunomodulator (2S,3S,4R)-I-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-2- (N-hexacosanoylamino)-1,3,4-octadecanetriol (KRN7000) in combination with high-dose (20 and 30 Gy) local x-ray irradiation or low-dose (3 Gy) fractionated whole-body irradiation showed significantly stronger antitumor activities against Meth A-and Colon26-bearing mice than treatments by radiation or KRN7000 alone, and 60% of mice in combination treatment groups were cured. Furthermore, the results of tests rechallenging the cured mice with Meth A and Colon26 cells strongly suggested that tumor-specific immunity was induced by the combination treatment. The suggestion was supported by the result that the systemic administration of KRN7000 could produce large amounts of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma, which contribute to induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes not only in normal mice but also in whole-body irradiated mice. Furthermore, it was also suggested that KRN7000 contributes to protecting antitumor effector cells, such as natural killer cells, from impairments caused by radiation. Taking together the results and the knowledge that tumor-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes play a critical role in prevention of tumor recurrence and distant metastasis, it is strongly suggested that combined therapy with KRN7000 and radiation could be quite useful for cancer treatment.
TCP/IP tutorial (1991)

This RFC is a tutorial on the TCP-IP protocol suite, focusing
particularly on the steps in forwarding an IP datagram from source
host to destination host through a router. It does not specify an
Internet standard.
Complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of human β2-glycoprotein I (1991)

The nucleotide and complete amino acid sequence for the human beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2I) was derived by sequencing the cDNA clone pB2I-1. In addition to the 326 amino acid residues of the mature protein this clone codes for a putative leader peptide and contains sequence representing 5' and 3' untranslated regions. When this amino acid sequence was compared with the previously published primary sequence, three major amino acid substitutions were found, two involving cysteine residues. These substitutions lead to a new alignment of the complement control protein (CCP) repeats present in beta 2I and a prediction of the complete disulphide bond organization. Northern-blot analysis indicates that hepatocytes are a major site of biosynthesis for this protein. A transcription signal of about 1.5 kb was detected by using RNA from HepG2 cells.
Bovine Pancreatic Lipase . II. Stability and Effect of Activators and Inhibitors (1976)

Purified bovine pancreatic lipase was highly unstable at and above refrigeration temperature. However, it could be stored frozen without loss of activity. Milk solids had some protective effect upon the enzyme against gamma-irradiation. Low concentrations of sodium, calcium, and magnesium salts stimulated lipolytic activity. However, heavy metal salts, such as ferric, cupric, and mercuric chlorides, were highly inhibitory. The bovine pancreatic lipase appeared to contain sulfhydryl groups which may be essential for the lipolytic activity since p-chloromercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide, sodium arsenite, and iodoacetate inhibited the enzyme. A comparison of bovine pancreatic lipase and milk lipase revealed that the two enzymes were similar in thermal stability and effect of some of the activators and inhibitors on lipolytic activity.
Improving Specificity in PDMs using a Hierarchical Approach. (1997)

The Point Distribution Model (PDM) has proved useful for many tasks involving the location and tracking of deformable objects. A principal limitation is non-specificity; in constructing a model to include all valid object shapes, the inclusion of some invalid shapes is unavoidable due to the linear nature of the approach. Bregler and Omohundro [2] describe a `piecewise linear&amp;apos; method for applying constraints within model shape space, whereby principal component analysis is used on training data clusters in shape space to generate lower dimensional overlapping subspaces. Object shapes are constrained to lie within the union of these subspaces, thus improving the specificity of the model. This is an important development in itself, but its most useful quality is that it lends itself to automated training. Manual annotation of training examples has previously been necessary to ensure good specificity in PDMs, requiring expertise and time, and thus limiting the amount of training data that can feasibly be collected. The use of shape space constraints means that such accurate annotation is unnecessary, and automated training becomes significantly more successful. In this paper we expand on Bregler and Omohundro&amp;apos;s work, suggesting an alternative representation for the linear pieces, and showing how atwo-level hierarchy in shape space can be used to improve efficiency and reduce noise. We perform an evaluation on both synthetic and (automatically trained) real models.
The Bible in English: its history and influence (2004)

A vibrant history of the myriad English translations of the Bible and what they meant to their translators, readers, and times The greatest of the earlier translators of the Bible into English, William Tyndale, was martyred in 1536 for his work. Immediately after him, however, translations proliferated: the whole Bible, or significant parts, has now been translated into English from its original Greek and Hebrew more than three thousand times. This major new book tells the extraordinary story of the Bible in England from approximately the fourth century, and its later translation into English in Britain and America to the present day. Eminent scholar David Daniell charts the profound impact successive versions of the Bible have had on the people and communities that read them. He explains the work of major translators, the history of influential translations following Tyndale, including Coverdale's, the Geneva Bibles and the King James Bible, and how greatly Americans have contributed in the late twentieth century, especially after the American Revised Standard Version. Encompassing centuries of change-from a time when no one except priests had knowledge of the Bible beyond a few traditional stories mixed with saints' lives, through later years when ordinary people were steeped in Biblical doctrine and language, to the present, when popular knowledge of the Bible, we are told, has disappeared-this eloquent book reveals how the endeavor of translating the Bible into English has changed religious practice, the arts, society, and the English language itself.
Object-oriented programming ; an evolutionary approach (1986)

Object oriented programming departs from conventional programming by emphasizing the relationship between consumers and suppliers of codes rather then the relationship between a programmer and his code. The author describes the development of an object-oriented C language compiler, and how it can be put to work
SAD Based Sensor-Less Freehand 3D Ultrasound Reconstruction with Adaptive Curve Correction (2010)

This paper presents a real-time sensor-less ultrasound 3D motion estimation algorithm. The out-of-plane motion of the ultrasound probe could be obtained by the decorrelation of the speckle pattern in ultrasound b-scan frames. The algorithm uses SAD as the indication of decorrelation to obtain the motion of the frame. To improve the accuracy in scans of real-tissue, an adaptive curve correction method is also applied. The experiments show that it's feasible and necessary for the adaptive curve correction method to be used in SAD based approach.
Human cancer and cellular oncogenes (1987)

Research Article| April 15 1987 Human cancer and cellular oncogenes S Nishimura; S Nishimura Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar T Sekiya T Sekiya Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1987) 243 (2): 313–327. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2430313 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation S Nishimura, T Sekiya; Human cancer and cellular oncogenes. Biochem J 15 April 1987; 243 (2): 313–327. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2430313 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 London: The Biochemical Society1987 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Neurotensin induces protein kinase C-dependent protein kinase D activation and DNA synthesis in human pancreatic carcinoma cell line PANC-1. (2002)

Signal transduction pathways through protein kinase C (PKC) may play a significant role in DNA synthesis and proliferation of human pancreatic cancers. Treatment of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line PANC-1 with biologically active phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate led to striking activation of protein kinase D (PKD), a member of a novel family of serine/threonine kinases distinct from PKC isoforms. Using PANC-1 as a model system, we demonstrate that neurotensin (NT) induced a rapid and striking activation of PKD as determined by in vitro kinase assay and by in vivo phosphorylation of serines 744, 748, and 916. PKD activation induced by NT was abrogated by treatment of PANC-1 cells with PKC inhibitors GF-1 and Ro 31-8220. NT induced a rapid and transient translocation of PKD from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. Inhibiting PKC activity blocked the reverse translocation of PKD from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. Finally, we show that NT-induced DNA synthesis in PANC-1 cells is PKC-dependent. Collectively our results demonstrate, for the first time, the existence of a functional PKC/PKD signaling pathway in human ductal pancreatic carcinoma cells and suggest that PKCs mediate the mitogenic signaling process initiated by NT.
Coupling of transfected muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes to phospholipase D. (1991)

Muscarinic receptor-induced changes in the activities of phospholipase D (PLD) and of phosphoinositide-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) were investigated in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells transfected with, and stably expressing, the human m1, m2, m3, and m4 mAChR subtypes, respectively. PLD and PI-PLC activities in these four transfected cell lines as well as in nontransfected cells were measured by the formation of [3H]phosphatidylethanol [( 3H]PEt) and [3H]inositol phosphates [( 3H]IP) after labeling cellular phospholipids with [3H]oleic acid and [3H]inositol. The muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol had no significant effects on [3H]PEt and [3H]IP formation in nontransfected HEK cells. In cells expressing the m1 or m3 receptors carbachol (1 mM; in the presence of 400 mM ethanol and 10 mM lithium chloride) caused the formation of [3H]PEt of about 12,000 cpm/mg protein (basal PEt formation was not measurable) and increased [3H]IP formation by 20,000-30,000 cpm/mg (a 7-10-fold increase over basal levels). The EC50 values (0.3-1.5 microM) were similar for both effects and both mAChR subtypes. In contrast, in cells expressing m2 or m4 receptor subtypes the magnitude of [3H]PEt (about 4,000 cpm/mg protein) or [3H]IP (3,000-4,000 cpm/mg) formation was much smaller and the EC50 values (20-40 microM) much higher than for the m1 and m3 receptors. Neomycin (1 mM) inhibited the m1 and m3 receptor-mediated production of IP by 50%, whereas the PEt formation was attenuated by 20% in the same cells. We conclude that activation of all of the four mAChR subtypes, although with different efficiencies, can stimulate PLD. The m1 and m3 receptor-mediated stimulation of the PLD may be at least partially independent of the PI-PLC stimulation.
Energy-Efficient ECG Acquisition in Body Sensor Networks based on Compressive Sensing (2011)

This paper presents a novel ECG signal measuring approach using compressive sensing method. The signal representing sparsity in any orthogonal basis can be well recovered using minimize L1 norm optimization, while satisfying the RIP condition for the measurement matrix  and orthogonal basis . First, based on this theorem, an analysis for evaluating the sparsity of ECG signal in orthogonal basis domain is proposed. A set of ECG samples from MIT-BIH medical database are adopted into Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) process. The results indicate these signals can be well represented in sparsity using conventional orthogonal transforms. Second, the lightweight recovery algorithm is proposed based on orthogonal matching pursuit using iterative function and least squared approximation. The simulation results show that the special features in ECG including QRS complex, R-R interval, PQ and ST duration, can be well recovered with negligible norm error. It also indicates that using this approach can significantly save the total power of ECG acquisition.
Pathophysiological Role of Cytokines in Congestive Heart Failure (2001)

Heart failure is a complex neurohumoral and inflammatory syndrome. Recent studies have shown that proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor) are involved in cardiac depression and in the complex syndrome of heart failure. Understanding the involvement of these cytokines may enable us to reverse cardiac depression and heart failure by the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against specific cytokines to block the downhill progression of heart failure.
Carbohydrate microarray for profiling the antibodies interacting with Globo H tumor antigen (2005)

Understanding the specificity of cell-surface carbohydrates interaction with antibodies and receptors is important for the development of new therapeutics and high-sensitivity diagnostics. This approach is, however, limited to the availability of natural and truncated sequences of the oligosaccharides and the sensitivity of the assay system. Reported here is the synthesis of the cancer antigen Globo H hexasaccharide, an epitope found on the cell surface of breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers, and its truncated sequences by using the programmable one-pot synthesis strategy. The saccharides were then arrayed covalently on glass slides with different density and used for the fluorencense-based binding analysis of two monoclonal antibodies against Globo H and the serum from breast cancer patients, to define the specificity of these antibodies. It was shown that the terminal tetrasaccharide binds the monoclonal antibodies equally well as does the hexasaccharide and the fucose residue is required for effective binding. The serum binds both the defucosylated pentasaccharide and the fucosylated hexasaccharide without a significant difference, perhaps because of the polyclonal nature of the serum or the presence of diverse immune responses to different sugar epitopes at various stages. This method requires very small amounts of materials and is more effective and sensitive than the traditional ELISA method, and thus provides another platform to monitor the immune response to carbohydrate epitopes at different stages during differentiation, metastasis, or treatment.