gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Passenger Car Driveability in Cool Weather - (Report of Volatility Group, Motor Vehicle Fuel, Lubricant, and Equipment Research Committee of the Coordinating Research Council, Inc.) (1971)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;During March 1969, the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) conducted a test program at Pasco, Wash., to investigate a driveability test procedure and the effects of fuel volatility on driveability during cool weather (30-50 F). Fifteen late-model automobiles and eight fuels with different volatility characteristics were evaluated. Driveability was rated subjectively during cold-start and driveaway, and after the car had warmed-up. For the cold phase, driveability was related to fuel volatility as defined by the front-end and mid-boiling range of the fuel distillation curves. However, driveability during the warm phase was not affected by fuel volatility within the range of fuels tested.&lt;/div&gt;
Microimmunoassay Using a Protein Chip: Optimizing Conditions for Protein Immobilization (2002)

Optimizing conditions for the microarraying of protein antigens onto glass slides were studied. Various vendors, surface functional groups, buffers, and fixatives were evaluated to enhance protein binding. A total of 125 pg of human immunoglobulin was detectable with this assay system, suggesting that protein microarray can be applied for routine immunodiagnosis.
In vivo reactivation of latent murine cytomegalovirus in the eye by immunosuppressive treatment. (1990)

Intravitreal inoculation of 10(3) pfu of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) to 3-week-old BALB/c mice resulted in virus isolation from eye homogenates for 2 weeks and from co-cultured specimens of the same eye up to 5 weeks after inoculation, indicating that MCMV in the eye became latent 2 weeks after the virus inoculation. Immunosuppressive treatment with daily intramuscular injections of cyclosporine (40 micrograms/g) and cortisone acetate (125 micrograms/g) 9 weeks after intravitreal MCMV inoculation resulted in isolation of infectious virus from ten of 44 eye homogenates (10 of 22 mice) during a 3-week period, indicating in vivo reactivation of latent ocular MCMV. No virus was isolated from eye homogenates of similarly infected mice with sham immunosuppression (daily intramuscular saline injections), nor was any virus isolated from uninfected eyes with immunosuppressive treatment. Three weeks of daily cyclosporine and cortisone injections depleted L3T4+ cells to 6.0%, Lyt-2+ cells to 20% and anti-MCMV antibody to 10% of untreated mice. The results suggest that the eye can serve as a site of latent MCMV that can be reactivated by immunosuppressive means.
Molecular Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Novel Hemolytic Lectins from the Mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus, Which Show Homology to Bacterial Toxins (2003)

We describe herein the cDNA cloning, expression, and characterization of a hemolytic lectin and its related species from the parasitic mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus. The lectin designated LSL (L. sulphureus lectin), is a tetramer composed of subunits of approximately 35 kDa associated by non-covalent bonds. From a cDNA library, three similar full-length cDNAs, termed LSLa, LSLb, and LSLc, were generated, each of which had an open reading frame of 945 bp encoding 315 amino acid residues. These proteins share 80-90% sequence identity and showed structural similarity to bacterial toxins: mosquitocidal toxin (MTX2) from Bacillus sphaericus and alpha toxin from Clostridium septicum. Native and recombinant forms of LSL showed hemagglutination and hemolytic activity and both activities were inhibited by N-acetyllactosamine, whereas a C-terminal deletion mutant of LSLa (LSLa-D1) retained hemagglutination, but not hemolytic activity, indicating the N-terminal domain is a carbohydrate recognition domain and the C-terminal domain functions as an oligomerization domain. The LSL-mediated hemolysis was protected osmotically by polyethylene glycol 4000 and maltohexaose. Inhibition studies showed that lacto-N-neotetraose (Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc) was the best inhibitor for LSL. These results indicate that LSL is a novel pore-forming lectin homologous to bacterial toxins.
Expression of acute phase proteins by bone marrow stromal cells (1996)

The current work examines the expression of acute phase genes in a murine-derived bone marrow stromal cell model (BMS2) which exhibits adipocyte and osteoblast characteristics and supports lymphopoiesis in vitro. Each of these physiologic processes is responsive to inflammatory events such as endotoxemia. Exposure of BMS2 cells to pro-inflammatory cytokines induced the expression of the serum amyloid A and complement factor B. During adipocyte differentiation, expression of complement C3, complement factor D (adipsin), and angiotensinogen increased in a time dependent manner. The bone metabolic steroid, 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D 3 , specifically induced complement C3 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Based on gel retention analysis, BMS2 nuclear extract contained proteins recognizing specific response elements from the complement C3, angiotensinogen, and complement factor B promoters. These results suggest that the bone marrow's repertoire of acute phase proteins is dependent on the stromal cell's phenotype or activation state.
Chemical Interrogation of the Neuronal Kinome Using a Primary Cell-Based Screening Assay (2013)

A fundamental impediment to functional recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury is the lack of sufficient axonal regeneration in the adult central nervous system. There is thus a need to develop agents that can stimulate axon growth to re-establish severed connections. Given the critical role played by protein kinases in regulating axon growth and the potential for pharmacological intervention, small molecule protein kinase inhibitors present a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we report a robust cell-based phenotypic assay, utilizing primary rat hippocampal neurons, for identifying small molecule kinase inhibitors that promote neurite growth. The assay is highly reliable and suitable for medium-throughput screening, as indicated by its Z'-factor of 0.73. A focused structurally diverse library of protein kinase inhibitors was screened, revealing several compound groups with the ability to strongly and consistently promote neurite growth. The best performing bioassay hit robustly and consistently promoted axon growth in a postnatal cortical slice culture assay. This study can serve as a jumping-off point for structure activity relationship (SAR) and other drug discovery approaches toward the development of drugs for treating SCI and related neurological pathologies.
Comparison of the Invesligalional drug, LV146032, with vancomycin in experimental pneumonia due to methidillln-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1988)

The efficacy of LY146032 was compared with that of vancomycin in experimental pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Emphysematous hamsters were challenged intratracheally with MRSA and given LY146032 (20 mg/kg 24h), vancomycin (40 mg/kg/24h) or normal saline by subcutaneous injection. Following infection with 2 X 10(9) cfu, survival among antibiotic-treated animals was significantly greater than that of the control group (P less than 0.01 at 96 h); however, no significant difference in survival between the hamsters given LY146032 and vancomycin was seen. To evaluate the influence of the antibiotics on the rate of bacterial killing within the lungs (pulmonary clearance), animals were challenged with a high inoculum (1 X 10(9) cfu) or low inoculum (1 X 10(6) cfu). Animals treated with LY146032 demonstrated a significant advantage in pulmonary clearance versus controls at both inocula; however, animals treated with vancomycin showed a statistically significant increase in pulmonary clearance versus controls only at the lower inoculum. We conclude that in this experimental model, LY146032 was as effective as vancomycin in treating infection with MRSA.
Set Of Orthonormal Surface Error Descriptors For Near-Cylindrical Optics (1984)

A set of functions is presented which is orthonormal over the surface of a cylinder. The functions are useful for describing surface errors on the types of near-cylindrical optics found in x-ray and some extreme ultraviolet systems. In addition, the functions provide a convenient means of using surface deforma-tion data to separate rigid-body motions (misalignments) from surface errors. The functions are sinusoidal in the azimuthal direction and polynomial in the axial direction. In this paper, the functions are detailed in terms of the form of their corresponding surface errors. Also, some general relationships are given, which relate the surface errors defined by these functions to the resulting wavefront errors and focal plane errors. These relationships depend explicitly on the nature of the wavefront incident on the optic. This paves the way for describing the wavefront (either in a metrology configuration or in the real system configuration) in terms of the errors on the optic and the misalignments in the system. A specific example for calculating wavefront and focal plane errors is worked. Finally, some parallels are drawn between the use of these functions for describing near-cylindrical optics and the use of Zernike polyno-mials for describing conventional optics.
Unmasking alternative splicing inside protein-coding exons defines exitrons and their role in proteome plasticity (2015)

Alternative splicing (AS) diversifies transcriptomes and proteomes and is widely recognized as a key mechanism for regulating gene expression. Previously, in an analysis of intron retention events in Arabidopsis, we found unusual AS events inside annotated protein-coding exons. Here, we also identify such AS events in human and use these two sets to analyse their features, regulation, functional impact, and evolutionary origin. As these events involve introns with features of both introns and protein-coding exons, we name them exitrons (exonic introns). Though exitrons were detected as a subset of retained introns, they are clearly distinguishable, and their splicing results in transcripts with different fates. About half of the 1002 Arabidopsis and 923 human exitrons have sizes of multiples of 3 nucleotides (nt). Splicing of these exitrons results in internally deleted proteins and affects protein domains, disordered regions, and various post-translational modification sites, thus broadly impacting protein function. Exitron splicing is regulated across tissues, in response to stress and in carcinogenesis. Intriguingly, annotated intronless genes can be also alternatively spliced via exitron usage. We demonstrate that at least some exitrons originate from ancestral coding exons. Based on our findings, we propose a "splicing memory" hypothesis whereby upon intron loss imprints of former exon borders defined by vestigial splicing regulatory elements could drive the evolution of exitron splicing. Altogether, our studies show that exitron splicing is a conserved strategy for increasing proteome plasticity in plants and animals, complementing the repertoire of AS events.
Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase and retinoid signaling induces the expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells (2006)

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is an enzyme that is expressed in the liver and is required for the conversion of retinol (vitamin A) to retinoic acids. ALDH is also highly enriched in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and is considered a selectable marker of human HSCs, although its contribution to stem cell fate remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that ALDH is a key regulator of HSC differentiation. Inhibition of ALDH with diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) delayed the differentiation of human HSCs that otherwise occurred in response to cytokines. Moreover, short-term culture with DEAB caused a 3.4-fold expansion in the most primitive assayable human cells, the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse repopulating cells, compared with day 0 CD34(+)CD38(-)lin(-) cells. The effects of DEAB on HSC differentiation could be reversed by the coadministration of the retinoic acid receptor agonist, all-trans-retinoic acid, suggesting that the ability of ALDH to generate retinoic acids is important in determining HSC fate. DEAB treatment also caused a decrease in retinoic acid receptor-mediated signaling within human HSCs, suggesting directly that inhibition of ALDH promotes HSC self-renewal via reduction of retinoic acid activity. Modulation of ALDH activity and retinoid signaling is a previously unrecognized and effective strategy to amplify human HSCs.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: An Historical Overview (2008)

The clinical hallmark of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is episodic hemoglobinuria, and it was this feature that captured the attention of European physicians in the latter half of the 19th century, resulting in careful observational studies that established PNH as an entity distinct from paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria and march hemoglobinuria. Curiosity about the etiology of the nocturnal aspects of the hemoglobinuria led the German physician Paul Strübing to develop the prescient hypothesis that the erythrocytes of PNH are abnormally sensitive to hemolysis when the plasma is acidified during sleep because of accumulation of carbon dioxide and lactic acid as a result of slowing of the circulation. Investigation of the intricate pathophysiology that underlies the abnormal sensitivity of PNH erythrocytes to hemolysis in acidified serum produced a number of remarkable scientific achievements that involved discovery of the alternative pathway of complement, identification of the membrane proteins that regulate complement, discovery of a novel mechanism for attachment of proteins to the cell surface, and identification of the genetic basis of the disease. These discoveries were made steadily over a period of more than 100 years, and each generation of physicians and scientists made important contributions to the field. The mysteries of PNH have been solved in a particularly satisfying way because the precision and orderliness of the solutions made clearly understandable what had seemed at the times prior to resolution to be problems of nearly insurmountable complexity. The history of PNH is an inspirational reminder of the elegant complexity of nature, the rewards of curiosity and the power and beauty of science.
Synthesis of trans(±)6-phenoxyacetamido-1-methylene-3,3-dicarboxymethyl-1-carbapenam (1982)

Methyl 4-benzylidene-2-pyrroline-2-carboxylate and dimethyl-4-methylene-5-pyrroline-2,2-dicarboxylate were prepared by N-chlorination – dehydrochlorination starting from the corresponding 4-alkylidene- or 4-arylidene-pyrrolidine. Structure of the pyrroline compound was determined by spectrometry and by reaction with α-azidoacetyl chloride. The 2-carbomethoxy-4-benzylidene-Δ 2 -pyrroline compound gave, on reaction with α-azidoacetyl chloride, 2-benzylidene-5-carbomethoxy-6-azido-1-carbapenam. In the case of the 2,2-dicarbomethoxy-4-methylene-Δ 5 -pyrroline, trans-1-methylene-3,3-dicarbomethoxy-6-azido-1-carbapenam was formed. When N-chlorination – dehydrochlorination was carried out on 2-carbomethoxy-4-methylenepyrrolidine, double bond isomerization occurred with formation of 2-carbomethoxy-4-methylpyrrole.
Human hand tracking from binocular image sequences (2002)

Sensing of human hand motion is very important for a variety of applications, such as computer animation and athletic performance measurement. Tracking a hand is difficult because the hand has high degree of freedom articulated mechanisms. This paper presents a 3D model-based hand tracking method which is robust to occlusions and local minima. Tracking is performed by minimizing the estimation error of an optical flow and maximizing the overlap between a projected model and a silhouette image. The authors employ stochastic optimization to solve them, which are generally difficult. They present experimental results on tracking from synthetic and real image sequences.
Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors Mediate the Induction of the Protein Kinase A-Dependent Component of Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus (2016)

Long-term potentiation is a family of synaptic mechanisms that are believed to be important for learning and memory. Two of the most extensively studied forms are triggered by the synaptic activation of NMDA receptors and expressed by changes in AMPA receptor function. They can be distinguished on the basis of their requirement for activation of a protein kinase, PKA. We show that the PKA-dependent form also involves the transient insertion of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. These results have implications for relating synaptic plasticity to learning and memory and suggest a specific linkage between PKA activation and the rapid synaptic insertion of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors during long-term potentiation.
Mutation Detection by Real-Time PCR: A Simple, Robust and Highly Selective Method (2009)

ASB-PCR is a simple and robust method for assaying single nucleotide mutations and polymorphisms within the widely used TaqMan protocol for real time RT-PCR. The ASB-PCR design rules consistently produce highly selective mutation assays while obviating the need for redesign and optimization of the assay reagents. The method is compatible with formalin-fixed tissue and simultaneous analysis of gene expression by RT-PCR on the same plate. No proprietary reagents other than those for TaqMan chemistry are required, so the method can be performed in any research laboratory with real-time PCR capability.
ContextDesc: Local Descriptor Augmentation with Cross-Modality Context (2019)

Most existing studies on learning local features focus on the patch-based descriptions of individual keypoints, whereas neglecting the spatial relations established from their keypoint locations. In this paper, we go beyond the local detail representation by introducing context awareness to augment off-the-shelf local feature descriptors. Specifically, we propose a unified learning framework that leverages and aggregates the cross-modality contextual information, including (i) visual context from high-level image representation, and (ii) geometric context from 2D keypoint distribution. Moreover, we propose an effective N-pair loss that eschews the empirical hyper-parameter search and improves the convergence. The proposed augmentation scheme is lightweight compared with the raw local feature description, meanwhile improves remarkably on several large-scale benchmarks with diversified scenes, which demonstrates both strong practicality and generalization ability in geometric matching applications.
Interaction of vicinal and nonvicinal amino-hydroxy group pairs in aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol antibiotics with transition metal cations. Selective N protection (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of vicinal and nonvicinal amino-hydroxy group pairs in aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol antibiotics with transition metal cations. Selective N protectionT. L. Nagabhushan, A. B. Cooper, W. N. Turner, H. Tsai, S. McCombie, A. K. Mallams, D. Rane, J. J. Wright, P. Reichert, and Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 16, 5253–5254Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00484a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00484a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fisheye Camera Calibration with Two Pairs of Vanishing Points (2009)

A fisheye camera calibration method is proposed by using two pairs of vanishing points from one single fisheye view in this paper. Aiming at a plane scene including two groups of parallel straight lines with different direction, one single fisheye image is viewed by a fisheye camera. Four vanishing points can be first computed by the intersection of the image line in the fisheye image. Since line segment joining a pair of vanishing points with same direction passes through the image center, the principal point is estimated by joining two pairs of vanishing point. Second, the focal length and aspect ratio may be obtained by using this property of two vanishing points corresponding one group parallel straight line. Last, we choose the estimated basic intrinsic parameters as an initial value, the fisheye lens distortion parameters may further be refined by minimizing the objective function from all fisheye image points on the same great circle. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of our method.
In vivo high-resolution video-rate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the human retina and optic nerve (2004)

An ultra-high-speed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system (SD-OCT) was developed for imaging the human retina and optic nerve in vivo at a sustained depth profile (A-line) acquisition speed of 29 kHz. The axial resolution was 6 microm in tissue and the system had shot-noise-limited performance with a maximum sensitivity of 98.4 dB. 3-dimensional data sets were collected in 11 and 13 seconds for the macula and optic nerve head respectively and are presented to demonstrate the potential clinical applications of SD-OCT in ophthalmology. Additionally, a 3-D volume of the optic nerve head was constructed from the acquired data and the retinal vascular network was visualized.