gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The connector and active devices mechanisms for constructing multimedia applications (2003)

Some software mechanisms implemented in the multimedia workstations of an experimental multimedia teleconferencing system are discussed. These mechanisms are used to interface with the different types of devices involved in multimedia conference applications and to direct information flow among them. They are concerned with teleconferencing applications with which people in different offices can talk to each other while simultaneously editing the same file, debugging the same program, or working on some other arbitrary applications. Users engaged in teleconferencing may use multimedia workstations equipped with peripherals such as telephone handsets, image scanners, network interfaces, and mass storage. In the prototype system, the workstations are connected to an experimental fast packet switch capable of switching voice, data, and video on a single network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Low density lipoprotein receptor-negative mice expressing human apolipoprotein B-100 develop complex atherosclerotic lesions on a chow diet: No accentuation by apolipoprotein(a) (1998)

We have generated mice with markedly elevated plasma levels of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) and reduced plasma levels of high density lipoprotein. These mice have no functional LDL receptors [LDLR-/-] and express a human apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) transgene [Tg(apoB+/+)] with or without an apo(a) transgene [Tg(apoa+/-)]. Twenty animals (10 males and 10 females) of each of the following four genotypes were maintained on a chow diet: (i) LDLR-/-, (ii) LDLR-/-;Tg(apoa+/-), (iii) LDLR-/-;Tg(apoB+/+), and (iv)LDLR-/-;Tg(apoB+/+);Tg(apo+/-). The mice were killed at 6 mo, and the percent area of the aortic intimal surface that stained positive for neutral lipid was quantified. Mean percent areas of lipid staining were not significantly different between the LDLR-/- and LDLR-/-;Tg(apoa+/-) mice (1.0 +/- 0.2% vs. 1.4 +/- 0.3%). However, the LDLR-/-;Tg(apoB+/+) mice had approximately 15-fold greater mean lesion area than the LDLR-/- mice. No significant difference was found in percent lesion area in the LDLR-/-;Tg(apoB+/+) mice whether or not they expressed apo(a) [18.5 +/- 2.5%, without lipoprotein(a), Lp(a), vs. 16.0 +/- 1.7%, with Lp(a)]. Histochemical analyses of the sections from the proximal aorta of LDLR-/-;Tg(apoB+/+) mice revealed large, complex, lipid-laden atherosclerotic lesions that stained intensely with human apoB-100 antibodies. In mice expressing Lp(a), large amounts of apo(a) protein colocalized with apoB-100 in the lesions. We conclude that LDLR-/-; Tg(apoB+/+) mice exhibit accelerated atherosclerosis on a chow diet and thus provide an excellent animal model in which to study atherosclerosis. We found no evidence that apo(a) increased atherosclerosis in this animal model.
Construction and binding analysis of recombinant single-chain TCR derived from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone directed against MAGE-1 (1999)

The TCR is responsible for the specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) by recognizing peptides presented in the context of MHC. By producing recombinant soluble TCR, it is possible to study this interaction at the molecular level. We generated single-chain TCR (scTCR) from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and one CTL clone directed against melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE)-1. Sixty-eight day anti-MAGE-1 TIL and one cloned anti-MAGE-1 CTL were analyzed by PCR for their Valpha and Vbeta gene usage. The TIL population showed a restriction in Valpha and Vbeta usage with only Valpha4 and Valpha9 and Vbeta2 and Vbeta7 expressed. The anti-MAGE-1 CTL clone demonstrated absolute restriction with only Valpha12 and Vbeta1 expressed. DNA sequence analysis was performed on all V regions. For the TIL, each possible Valpha-Vbeta combination (i.e. Valpha4-Vbeta2, Valpha9-Vbeta2, Valpha4-Vbeta7 and Valpha9-Vbeta7) was constructed as a distinct scTCR and the recombinant proteins expressed in bacteria. From the anti-MAGE-1 TIL, Valpha4-Vbeta2 scTCR demonstrated binding activity to HLA-A1(+) cells pulsed with MAGE-1 peptide. Results obtained from screening a panel of our scTCR constructs on HLA-A1(+) cells pulsed with MAGE-1 peptide or irrelevant peptide demonstrated that Vbeta2 plays a significant role in binding to the MAGE-1 peptide. Amino acid alignment analysis showed that each Vbeta sequence is distinctly different from the others. These findings demonstrate that soluble TCR in single-chain format have binding activity. Furthermore, the results indicate that in TCR, like antibodies, one chain may contribute a dominant portion of the binding activity.
Near-room-temperature operation of Pb1−xSrxSe infrared diode lasers using molecular beam epitaxy growth techniques (1988)

Double-Heterostructure lasers have been fabricated with an active layer of PbSe sandwiched between cladding layers of Pb1−x Srx Se. They were operated up to T=290 K (17 °C) in pulsed and T=169 K in cw mode. This is the highest operational temperature in pulsed mode reported for lead salt lasers in the mid-infrared. The emission wavelength tunes with temperature from 8.0 μm (T=20 K) to 4.4 μm (T=285 K).
Characterization of an Established Line of Canine Kidney Cells (MDCK). (1966)

SummaryAn established line of canine kidney cells (MDCK-USD) of male origin was shown to contain 3 metacentric chromosomes and possess a modal number of 81. It grew rapidly in Eagle's MEM, displayed contact inhibition and was susceptible to vaccinia, VSV and influenza (PR8) viruses. Two additional MDCK lines, the parent line and another derivative from other laboratories, were compared to the USD line and could be distinguished on the basis of modal number and morphology of the metacentric chromosomes observed in each line.
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in cultured fibroblasts from patients with mevalonate kinase deficiency: differential response to lipid supplied by fetal bovine serum in tissue culture medium. (1990)

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity was measured in extracts of cultured fibroblasts derived from patients with mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD). For six patients studied, the mean activity of 63.3 +/- 41.1 pmol/min-mg protein (+/- 1 SD, range 37.7-146.2) was significantly higher than the mean value in three control fibroblast lines of 11.1 +/- 3.5 (+/- 1 SD, range 8.0-14.9). These values were obtained using cells subcultured in medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) 21 h prior to assay. When cells were deprived of cholesterol by subculturing for 21 h in delipidated FBS, the mean value for patient cells was increased to 230.8 +/- 78.5 pmol/min-mg protein (range 130.9-333.8) as compared to 109.5 +/- 47.1 (range 78.0-163.6) for controls. The activity of HMG-CoA synthase in extracts of fibroblasts derived from the patients was not elevated. The mevalonic acid concentration in the surrounding culture medium was assessed by stable isotope dilution assay. For five patients, the mean concentration in medium containing FBS was 0.92 +/- 0.37 microM (+/- 1 SD, range 0.46-1.48) in contrast to 1.24 +/- 0.83 microM (range 0.46-2.54) for cells subcultured in delipidated FBS. The mean value for three control fibroblast lines was 0.22 +/- 0.12 microM (+/- 1 SD, range 0.11-0.35) for cells subcultured in FBS as compared to 0.01 +/- 0.01 microM (range 0.0-0.01 microM) for cells sucultured in delipidated FBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dendritic cells are crucial for maintenance of tertiary lymphoid structures in the lung of influenza virus–infected mice (2009)

Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are organized aggregates of B and T cells formed in postembryonic life in response to chronic immune responses to infectious agents or self-antigens. Although CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) are consistently found in regions of TLO, their contribution to TLO organization has not been studied in detail. We found that CD11chi DCs are essential for the maintenance of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT), a form of TLO induced in the lungs after influenza virus infection. Elimination of DCs after the virus had been cleared from the lung resulted in iBALT disintegration and reduction in germinal center (GC) reactions, which led to significantly reduced numbers of class-switched plasma cells in the lung and bone marrow and reduction in protective antiviral serum immunoglobulins. Mechanistically, DCs isolated from the lungs of mice with iBALT no longer presented viral antigens to T cells but were a source of lymphotoxin (LT) β and homeostatic chemokines (CXCL-12 and -13 and CCL-19 and -21) known to contribute to TLO organization. Like depletion of DCs, blockade of LTβ receptor signaling after virus clearance led to disintegration of iBALT and GC reactions. Together, our data reveal a previously unappreciated function of lung DCs in iBALT homeostasis and humoral immunity to influenza virus.
Analysis of gp39/CD40 Interactions Using Molecular Models and Site-Directed Mutagenesis (1995)

The interaction between gp39 (CD40L, TRAP, T-BAM) on activated T cells and mast cells and CD40 on antigen-presenting cells modulates immune responses. Gp39 and CD40 are homologous to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptor (TNFR), respectively. The TNF-beta/TNFR interaction has been analyzed on the basis of mutagenesis experiments and crystal structures. Using the interaction of TNF-beta/TNFR as a guide, we previously reported a site-directed mutagenesis study in which we identified residues in gp39 (K143, Y145) and CD40 (Y82, D84, N86) involved in gp39/CD40 interactions. Here we describe the use of the TNF-beta/TNFR complex crystal structure as a template to prepare molecular models of gp39, CD40, and their approximate interaction. The application of these models has allowed us to extend our mutagenesis analysis of gp39/CD40 interactions. These experiments have led to the identification of additional gp39 (Y146, R203, Q220) and CD40 (E74, E117) residues that contribute to the gp39/CD40 interaction. We also further explored the importance of gp39 residue Y145 and CD40 residue Y82 for the gp39/CD40 interaction by conservatively replacing these residues with Phe. The results of these studies have enabled us to approximately outline the binding sites in gp39 and CD40. It appears that the gp39/CD40 interaction is centered on at least two clusters of residues and involves residues of two adjacent gp39 monomers. The molecular regions involved in the gp39/CD40 interaction essentially correspond to those in the homologous TNF-beta/TNFR system.
Inflammasome Inhibition Suppresses Alveolar Cell Permeability Through Retention of Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) (2015)

These findings suggest that inflammasome-induced alveolar cell permeability is mediated by NRG-1/HER2 signaling through IL-1β regulation.
A New Compressive Video Sensing Framework for Mobile Broadcast (2013)

A new video coding method based on compressive sampling is proposed. In this method, a video is coded using compressive measurements on video cubes. Video reconstruction is performed by minimization of total variation (TV) of the pixelwise discrete cosine transform coefficients along the temporal direction. A new reconstruction algorithm is developed from TVAL3, an efficient TV minimization algorithm based on the alternating minimization and augmented Lagrangian methods. Video coding with this method is inherently scalable, and has applications in mobile broadcast.
New criteria for the differentiation between transudates and exudates (2002)

Routine measurement of fluid LDH values and the calculation of fluid to serum total protein ratios will aid in differentiating exudates from transudates.
Actions of IL-1 are selectively controlled by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: regulation of prostaglandin H synthase-2, metalloproteinases, and IL-6 at different levels (1997)

The role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in responses of human fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells to IL-1 was investigated by use of a pyridinyl imidazole compound (SB 203580), which specifically inhibits the enzyme. SB 203580 inhibited (50% inhibitory concentration approximately 0.5 microM) IL-1-induced phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (an indicator of p38 MAPK activity) in fibroblasts without affecting the other known IL-1-activated protein kinase pathways (p42/p44 MAPK, p54 MAPK/c-Jun N-terminal kinase and beta-casein kinase). SB 203580 significantly inhibited IL-1-stimulated IL-6, (30 to 50% at 1 microM) but not IL-8 production from human fibroblasts (gingival and dermal) and umbilical vein endothelial cells. IL-1 induction of steady state level of IL-6 mRNA was not significantly inhibited, which is consistent with p38 MAPK regulating IL-6 production at the translational level. SB 203580 strongly inhibited IL-1-stimulated PG production by fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This was associated with the inhibition of the induction of PGH synthase-2 protein and mRNA. SB 203580 also inhibited the stimulation of collagenase-1 and stromelysin-1 production by IL-1 without affecting synthesis of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1. SB 203580 prevented the increase in collagenase-1 and stromelysin-1 mRNA stimulated by IL-1. In a model of cartilage breakdown, short-term IL-1-stimulated proteoglycan resorption and inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis were unaffected by SB 203580, while longer term collagen breakdown was prevented. It is concluded that 1) p38 MAPK plays an important role in the regulation of some, but not all, responses to IL-1, and 2) it is involved in the regulation of mRNA levels of some IL-1-responsive genes.
The sensitivity of catecholamine release to botulinum toxin C1 and E suggests selective targeting of vesicles set into the readily releasable pool (2003)

The impact of syntaxin and SNAP-25 cleavage on [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) and [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) exocytotic release evoked by different stimuli was studied in superfused rat synaptosomes. The external Ca2+-dependent K+-induced [3H]catecholamine overflows were almost totally abolished by botulinum toxin C1 (BoNT/C1), which hydrolyses syntaxin and SNAP-25, or by botulinum toxin E (BoNT/E), selective for SNAP-25. BoNT/C1 cleaved 25% of total syntaxin and 40% of SNAP-25; BoNT/E cleaved 40% of SNAP-25 but left syntaxin intact. The GABA uptake-induced releases of [3H]NA and [3H]DA were differentially affected: both toxins blocked the former, dependent on external Ca2+, but not the latter, internal Ca2+-dependent. BoNT/C1 or BoNT/E only slightly reduced the ionomycin-evoked [3H]catecholamine release. More precisely, [3H]NA exocytosis induced by ionomycin was sensitive to toxins in the early phase of release but not later. The Ca2+-independent [3H]NA exocytosis evoked by hypertonic sucrose, thought to release from the readily releasable pool (RRP) of vesicles, was significantly reduced by BoNT/C1. Pre-treating synaptosomes with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, to increase the RRP, enhanced the sensitivity to BoNT/C1 of [3H]NA release elicited by sucrose or ionomycin. Accordingly, cleavage of syntaxin was augmented by the phorbol-ester. To conclude, our results suggest that clostridial toxins selectively target exocytosis involving vesicles set into the RRP.
Anionic amphiphilic end‐linked conetworks by the combination of quasiliving carbocationic and group transfer polymerizations (2009)

Abstract A series of amphiphilic end‐linked conetworks was synthesized by the combination of two “quasiliving” polymerization techniques, quasiliving carbocationic (QLCCP) and group transfer polymerizations (GTP). The hydrophobic monomer was polyisobutylene methacrylate synthesized by the QLCCP of isobutylene and subsequent terminal modification reactions. The hydrophilic monomer was methacrylic acid (MAA) introduced via the polymerization of 2‐tetrahydropyranyl methacrylate followed by acid hydrolysis after (co)network formation. The conetwork syntheses were performed by sequential monomer/crosslinker additions under GTP conditions. All the precursors and the extractables from the conetworks were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and 1 H NMR. The resulting polymer conetworks were investigated in terms of their degree of swelling (DS) in aqueous media and in tetrahydrofuran (THF) over the whole range of ionization of the MAA units and in n ‐hexane for uncharged conetworks. The DSs in water increased with the degree of ionization (DI) of the MAA units and the hydrophilic content in the conetwork, whereas the DSs in THF increased with the reduction of the DI of the MAA units. The effective p K of the MAA units in the conetworks increased from 8.4 to 10.5 with decreasing MAA content. These findings can facilitate the design of similar unique conetworks with adjustable swelling behavior and composition‐dependent p K values. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4289–4301, 2009
21.2: Optimum Film Compensation Modes for TN and VA LCDS (1998)

Abstract The compensation principle to reduce the off‐axis light leakage of crossed polarizers is investigated. After optimizing the retardation films, the simulation results show that the black state of viewing angle of compensated TN and VA modes can be made wider than the angle of view of crossed polarizers. The results are also confirmed by the test cells.
Decoder-side HEVC quality enhancement with scalable convolutional neural network (2017)

The latest High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) has been increasingly used to generate video streams over Internet. However, the decoded HEVC video streams may incur severe quality degradation, especially at low bit-rates. Thus, it is necessary to enhance visual quality of HEVC videos at the decoder side. To this end, we propose in this paper a Decoder-side Scalable Convolutional Neural Network (DS-CNN) approach to achieve quality enhancement for HEVC, which does not require any modification of the encoder. In particular, our DS-CNN approach learns a model of Convo-lutional Neural Network (CNN) to reduce distortion of both I and B/P frames in HEVC. It is different from the existing CNN-based quality enhancement approaches, which only handle intra coding distortion, thus not suitable for B/P frames. Furthermore, a scalable structure is included in our DS-CNN, suchthat the computational complexity of our DS-CNN approach is adjustable to the changing computational resources. Finally, the experimental results show the effectiveness of our DS-CNN approach in enhancing quality for both I and B/P frames of HEVC.
Advances in Hemangioma Evaluation and Treatment (2006)

From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA Address correspondence and reprint requests to L.C. Argenta, MD, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North California 27157; E-mail: [email protected].
Bipolar Radiofrequency Lesion Geometry: Implications for Palisade Treatment of Sacroiliac Joint Pain (2010)

Ex vivo photographic temperature mapping of bipolar radiofrequency (RF) lesions in animal tissue is performed over a wide range of electrode tip spacings, tip lengths, tip diameters, tip temperatures, and lesion times. In vivo temperature measurements collected during clinical treatment of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain corroborate those collected ex vivo. Generation of a "strip lesion" connecting two separated bipolar electrode tips is demonstrated ex vivo for tip spacings as large as 20 mm. A rounded rectangular bipolar lesion with midline dimensions 12 mm × 15 mm × 8 mm (L × W × D) is demonstrated using 10 mm parallel tip spacing, 10 mm tip lengths, 20 gauge cannulae, 90°C tip temperature, and 3-minute lesion time. Lesion length can be increased to 18 mm by using 15 mm tip lengths. Lesion width can be increased to 17 mm by using 12 mm tip spacing. The size of conventional bipolar lesions can exceed the size of lesions produced both by conventional monopolar RF (12 mm × 7 mm × 7 mm ellipsoidal) and by cooled monopolar RF as used in spinal pain management (10 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm spherical). SIJ pain is treated by placing 5 to 7 straight RF cannulae perpendicular to the dorsal sacrum and producing 4 to 6 overlapping bipolar RF lesions between the dorsal sacral foramina and the ipsilateral SIJ. This bipolar "palisade" (a defensive fence) creates a continuous lesion spanning the region through which multiple sacral lateral branch nerves travel along irregular, branching paths to reach the SIJ.
Differential DNA recognition and glycosylase activity of the native human MutY homolog (hMYH) and recombinant hMYH expressed in bacteria (2001)

Human MutY homolog (hMYH), an adenine DNA glycosylase, can effectively remove misincorporated adenines opposite template G or 8-oxoG bases, thereby preventing G:C-->T:A transversions. Human cell extracts possess the adenine DNA glycosylase activity of hMYH and can form protein-DNA complexes with both A/G and A/8-oxoG mismatches. hMYH in cell extracts was shown to be the primary binding protein for A/G- and A/8-oxoG-containing DNA substrates by UV cross-linking. However, recombinant hMYH expressed in bacteria has much weaker glycosylase and substrate-binding activities towards A/G mismatches than native hMYH. Moreover, the protein-DNA complex of bacterially expressed hMYH migrates much faster than that of native hMYH in a non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel. Dephosphorylation of native hMYH reduces the glycosylase activity on A/G more extensively than on A/8-oxoG mismatches but does not alter the gel mobility of the protein-DNA complex. Our results suggest that hMYH in human cell extracts may be associated with other factors in the protein-DNA complex to account for its slower mobility in the gel. hMYH and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (hAPE1) co-migrate with the protein-DNA complex formed by the extracts and A/8-oxoG-containing DNA.
Co‐expression of the neurokinin NK2 receptor and G‐protein components in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1995)

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has proven useful for studying molecular interactions between a range of signal transduction components. We now report the first co-expression of a mammalian seven-transmembrane receptor and G-protein components in S. pombe. We selected the human neurokinin NK2 receptor together with its G-protein-signalling partner Gq for this study. Yeast membrane fractions showed high levels of NK2 receptor-binding activity (1159 +/- 534 (n = 3) fmol/mg protein) although initial experiments with intact cells revealed an absence of receptors at the cell surface. Using a construct comprising the NK2 coding sequence fused with the signal sequence from an endogenous phosphatase (phoI), we detected approximately 400 NK2 receptors/cell in unbroken yeast. Successful co-expression of the NK2 receptor with the G-protein subunits G alpha q, beta 1 or beta 2 and gamma 3 failed to modulate agonist binding, suggesting the absence of functional interaction between these components. As an alternative test of G alpha q function, we next expressed its downstream effector target phospholipase C-beta 1 (PLC beta 1) in S. pombe. Although PLC beta 1 undergoes powerful in vitro activation by G alpha q derived from baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells and mammalian cells, G alpha q expressed in S. pombe is totally ineffective. Similar results were also achieved with the G-protein subunit G alpha 16. Together, these data suggest that seven-transmembrane receptors can be expressed in S. pombe at high levels and directed to the cell surface although their interaction with co-expressed G-proteins in undetectable. Production of inactive G alpha-chains in S. pombe may account for these observations.