gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of protein phosphatases by okadaic acid induces AP1 in human T cells (1991)

To examine the role of protein phosphatases in T cell activation, Jurkat cells were treated with okadaic acid, an inhibitor of type 1 and 2A phosphatases, and nuclear extracts were examined for the presence of AP1 as a measure of early T cell activation. Okadaic acid was found to be a potent inducer of AP1. In contrast to phorbol esters such as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), the induction of AP1 by okadaic acid occurs predominantly by transcriptional activation of the jun and fos family of proto-oncogenes. Surprisingly, while the addition of phytohemagglutinin further enhanced the induction of AP1, the addition of PMA inhibited it. Okadaic acid treatment was found to dramatically increase mRNA transcripts of the jun family of proto-oncogenes including c-jun, junD, and junB and to a lesser extent the fos family including c-fos and fra-1. By comparison, PMA is a very inefficient inducer of the jun gene family in Jurkat cells. Similar to its effect on the induction of AP1 by okadaic acid, PMA inhibits the induction of c-jun mRNA by okadaic acid. Transfection of c-jun promoter constructs confirmed the marked difference between PMA and okadaic acid in inducing c-jun transcription. The induction of AP1 by okadaic acid suggests that protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A) may be involved in T cell activation as important negative regulators of the transcription factor AP1.
The effect of troxerutin on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours in the offspring of high-fat diet fed dams (2018)

This study aimed at investigating the metabolic and behavioural effects of troxerutin treatment in the offspring of high fat diet (HFD) fed dams. Female Wistar rats (n = 40) received normal diet (ND) or HFD for 8 weeks prior to breeding. After mating, pregnant animals were assigned to four subgroups: ND, ND + Tro (troxerutin 150 mg/kg/day), HFD, and HFD + Tro. On the 21st day, male offspring were weaned and fed ND until 12 weeks old. Behavioural tests were performed on postnatal day (PND) 80 and 90. Compared to the controls, the HFD offspring showed more anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, higher blood glucose, cholesterol, and cortisol levels. On the other hand, chronic troxerutin administration during gestation restored metabolic and behavioural changes to normal. In summary, troxerutin improved anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, as well as metabolic status in the offspring of the HFD fed dams. More studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms.
Minimal Residual Disease in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the Era of Novel Agents (2017)

Minimal residual disease as a clinical trial end point must be validated in prospective studies prior to being used as a surrogate for survival. Given the heterogeneity of CLL biology and therapies, this validation must be regimen specific. Minimal residual disease assessments should be performed in clinical trial patients with both partial and complete responses. Following CIT, MRD status has prognostic value in all responders and this observation is important to validate with novel agents because most patients obtain partial remission. Further research is required to validate the use of MRD status as a decision point in guiding therapy in clinical practice.
The vitamin D-binding protein, α-fetoprotein, albumin multigene family: detection of transcripts in multiple tissues (1989)

The serum vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), a member of a multigene family that includes alpha-fetoprotein (alpha FP) and albumin (ALB), is expressed at high levels in the adult liver. Although several studies have demonstrated the presence of DBP on the cell surface of immunocytes and cytotrophoblasts, evidence of extra-hepatic DBP synthesis remains inconclusive. Using Northern blot analysis of RNA from multiple rat tissues, the DBP transcripts were present in the expected high levels in the adult liver. In addition, DBP mRNA was found in the adult kidney, testis, abdominal fat, and 18-day fetal yolk sac. The concentrations of DBP mRNA in these tissues is 100-1000-fold less than in the liver. Polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR) of DBP, alpha FP, and ALB cDNAs, reverse transcribed from a wide variety of rat tissue RNA samples, was performed to examine their respective tissue-specific patterns of gene transcripts. The tissues in which DBP gene transcripts were noted by Northern analysis were paralleled at 20 cycles of PCR with liver much greater than kidney, yolk sac, testis, and abdominal fat. Similarly at 20 cycles, alpha FP-amplified fragments were detected in the yolk sac much greater than brain, testes, uterus, liver, and placenta; and ALB-amplified fragments in liver much greater than testis, uterus, placenta, and yolk sac. Unexpectedly, at 32 cycles of PCR, DBP, alpha FP, and ALB mRNAs could be detected at very low levels in all tissues examined. To examine the nature of the DBP mRNA from these nonhepatic sources, a Sprague-Dawley kidney cDNA library was screened, and a single cDNA recombinant was identified. This clone contained a full length DBP cDNA with 14 nucleotide and 3 predicted amino acid differences from the Fischer liver DBP cDNA reported previously. We conclude that the kidney and liver DBP mRNAs are transcription products of the same DBP locus and that DBP, alpha FP, and ALB genes display different spectra of tissue distribution. The unexpected finding that all three spliced RNA transcripts could be detected in at least trace quantities in all tissues studied suggests a leaky level of transcription by this multigene family or their transcription at low levels by an unidentified stromal cell common to all organs studied.
Search for neutrons from deuterated palladium subject to high electrical currents (1994)

Tritium has been detected evolving from samples of deuteriated palladium wires and powders subject to pulsed high voltage at Los Alamos. They wanted to measure whether these samples were emitting neutrons. The idea of pulsing current through the wires and powders was to drive the deuterium in and out by rapid electrical heating. With promising tritium results in hand, the experiments were prepared at Los Alamos, and then taken to BYU and run in the neutron detector located in a tunnel in Provo canyon under 35 m of rock and dirt overburden. The neutrons detector and sample setup are described. Results including total neutron counts, time distributions, and an indication of the energy distributions are discussed. The results do not provide compelling evidence of neutron production, but are not inconsistent with earlier measurements of neutrons and tritium. Difficulties in explaining the difference in tritium and neutron measurements are also discussed. Plans for further work are presented.
Bubble segmentation based on Shape From Shading for in-situ microscopy (2011)

This paper describes a new bubble segmentation algorithm based on shape from shading for in-situ microscopy. An in-situ microscope is an instrument to capture and analyze intensity images of cells inside of a bioreactor with minimal operator intervention and without the risk of culture contamination. For bubble segmentation, the closed bubble boundaries are first extracted by thresholding a depth map. The depth map is estimated by applying the Bichsel and Pentland's Shape From Shading algorithm. Then, each extracted closed bubble boundary is filled in to obtained the bubble regions. The experimental results revealed an average processing time of 2.68 seconds and very promising bubble segmentation results.
Characteristics and Outcome After Hospitalization for Acute Right Heart Failure in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2011)

These results highlight the high mortality after hospitalizations for acute right heart failure in patients with PAH. Factors identifiable within hours of hospitalization may help predict the likelihood of death or the need for urgent transplantation in patients with PAH.
Hydrothermal Modifications of Granular Starch, with Retention of the Granular Structure:  A Review (1998)

Annealing and heat−moisture treatment are two hydrothermal treatments that modify the physicochemical properties of starch, without destroying granular structure. They involve incubation of starch granules in excess water/intermediate water content (annealing) or at low moisture levels (heat−moisture treatment) during a certain period of time, at a temperature above the glass transition temperaturr but below the gelatinization temperature. The impact of hydrothermal treatments on starch physicochemical properties is extensively discussed. Such physicochemical properties include granule morphology and crystallinity, double-helix content, amount and appearance of amylose−lipid complexes, gelatinization and pasting, swelling power and solubility, gel properties, and susceptibilities to acid and enzymic hydrolysis. Finally, the major differences between the effects of annealing and heat−moisture treatment are pointed out and an overview is given of possible explanations for the observed effects of hydrothermal treatments. Keywords: Starch; hydrothermal modification; annealing; heat−moisture treatment
Uniform Concentric Circular Arrays With Frequency-Invariant Characteristics—Theory, Design, Adaptive Beamforming and DOA Estimation (2006)

This paper proposes a new digital beamformer for uniform concentric circular arrays (UCCAs) having nearly frequency-invariant (FI) characteristics. The basic principle is to transform the received signals to the phase mode and remove the frequency dependency of the individual phase mode through the use of a digital beamforming or compensation network. As a result, the far-field pattern of the array, which is governed by a set of variable beamformer weights, is electronically steerable, and it is approximately invariant over a wider range of frequencies than conventional uniform circular arrays (UCAs). This also makes it possible to design the compensation network and the beamformer weights separately. The design of the compensation network is formulated as a second order cone programming (SOCP) problem and is solved optimally for minimax criterion. By employing the beamspace approach using the outputs of a set of fixed UCCA frequency-invariant beamformers (FIBs), a new beamspace MUSIC algorithm is proposed for estimating the direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of broadband sources. Since the beampatterns of the UCCA-FIB is approximately invariant with frequency and is governed by a small set of weights, a very efficient adaptive beamformer using the minimum variance beamforming (MVB) approach can be developed. Simulation results using broadband Gaussian and multisinusoidal inputs show that the proposed adaptive UCCA-FIB is numerically better conditioned than the conventional broadband tapped-delay-line-based adaptive beamformers, due to the FI property and significantly fewer numbers of adaptive parameters. Consequently, a higher output signal-to-inference-plus-noise ratio over the conventional tapped-delay-line approach is observed. The usefulness of the proposed UCCA-FIB in broadband DOA estimation is also verified by computer simulation
Spatio-temporal hand gesture recognition using neural networks (2002)

In this paper, we present a real-time dynamic gesture recognition system utilizing radial basis function network techniques and dynamic time warping method. The goal is to design a space invariant and time interval invariant system which can distinguish between various spatio-temporal data representing hand gestures. The prototype and user interface have been realized. The resulting system possesses characteristics of real-time and online learning, user-defined gestures and functionality, and high recognition rate. We demonstrate a virtual reality application in which the object is manipulated by the proposed gesture recognition method.
Radical grafting from glass fiber surface: Graft polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by azo groups introduced onto the surface (1999)

This paper describes the radical graft polymerization of vinyl monomers from glass fiber surface initiated by alkylazo groups introduced onto the fiber surface. The introduction of azo groups onto the glass fiber surface was achieved by reaction of isocyanate groups which were previously attached onto the surface with two kinds of azo initiators, 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACPA) and 2,2′-azobis(2-cyanopropanol) (ACP). The amounts of surface azo groups introduced by ACPA and ACP were both determined to be 1.3 × 10−5 mol g−1 by nitrogen analysis. The radical graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was found to be initiated in the presence of the glass fiber having surface azo groups. During the polymerization, part of resultant poly(MMA) grafted onto the fiber surface through propagation of the polymer from the surface radicals produced by the decomposition of the azo groups. The percentage of grafting of poly(MMA) reached 48.1% after 24 h. The graft polymerizations of other monomers, such as styrene, N-vinylcarbazole, and acrylic acid, were also initiated by the surface azo groups, and the corresponding polymer effectively grafted onto the surface. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2121–2128, 1999
Novel Diagnostic Test for Acute Stroke (2003)

A panel of blood-borne biochemical markers may be helpful in identifying patients with acute cerebral ischemia who could benefit from urgent care. Such a test may also be helpful in identifying stroke patients in the prehospital setting so that they could be fast-tracked to an institution equipped to care for patients with acute stroke.
Stability of a biological tissue fixed with a naturally occurring crosslinking agent (genipin) (2001)

The study was undertaken to investigate the stability of a biological tissue fixed with a naturally occurring crosslinking agent (genipin) at distinct elapsed storage durations. The glutaraldehyde-fixed counterpart was used as a control. Porcine pericardia procured from a slaughterhouse were used as raw materials. After fixation, the fixed tissues were sterilized in a graded series of ethanol solutions and thoroughly rinsed in phosphate buffered saline for 1 day, and then stored in a jar containing sterilized water. The samples were taken out and tested for their stability during the durations of 1day through 6 months after storage. The stability of each study group was tested by measuring its tensile strength, free-amino-group content, and denaturation temperature. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of each test sample and its corresponding storage solution were investigated in vitro using 3T3 fibroblasts. The results were examined using a microscope and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. It was found that the stability of the genipin-fixed tissue during storage was superior to its glutaraldehyde-fixed counterpart. The differences in stability between the genipin- and glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues during storage may be caused by their differences in crosslinking structure. There was no apparent cytotoxicity for both the genipin-fixed tissue and its corresponding storage solution throughout the entire course of the study, whereas significant cytotoxicity was observed for both the glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue and its storage solution. However, the cytotoxicity of the glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue decreased with increasing elapsed storage duration, whereas that of its corresponding storage solution increased. This suggested that the toxic residues remaining in the glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue leached out slowly into its corresponding storage solution during the course of storage.
G-quadruplex structures in TP53 intron 3: role in alternative splicing and in production of p53 mRNA isoforms (2010)

The tumor suppressor gene TP53, encoding p53, is expressed as several transcripts. The fully spliced p53 (FSp53) transcript encodes the canonical p53 protein. The alternatively spliced p53I2 transcript retains intron 2 and encodes Δ40p53 (or ΔNp53), an isoform lacking first 39 N-terminal residues corresponding to the main transactivation domain. We demonstrate the formation of G-quadruplex structures (G4) in a GC-rich region of intron 3 that modulates the splicing of intron 2. First, we show the formation of G4 in synthetic RNAs encompassing intron 3 sequences by ultraviolet melting, thermal difference spectra and circular dichroism spectroscopy. These observations are confirmed by detection of G4-induced reverse transcriptase elongation stops in synthetic RNA of intron 3. In this region, p53 pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) contains a succession of short exons (exons 2 and 3) and introns (introns 2 and 4) covering a total of 333 bp. Site-directed mutagenesis of G-tracts putatively involved in G4 formation decreased by ~30% the excision of intron 2 in a green fluorescent protein-reporter splicing assay. Moreover, treatment of lymphoblastoid cells with 360A, a synthetic ligand that binds to single-strand G4 structures, increases the formation of FSp53 mRNA and decreases p53I2 mRNA expression. These results indicate that G4 structures in intron 3 regulate the splicing of intron 2, leading to differential expression of transcripts encoding distinct p53 isoforms.
GLOW-DISCHARGE a-Si : F PREPARED FROM SiF2GAS (1981)

A system for the deposition of fluorinated amorphous silicon by DC glow-discharge in a plasma of SiF2 + SiF4 is described. The a-Si : F films contain from 0.5% to 15% fluorine with no hydrogen present. Fluorine content was determined by nuclear reaction, ESCA and IR spectroscopy. The fluorine content of the films was found not to depend on the substrate temperature. Electrical and optical as well as ESR measurements, were made on the films as a function of fluorine content. No influence of the fluorine was evident on the conductivity, photoconductivity or ESR signal, showing that the fluorine in the films did not satisfy dangling bonds.
A histone deacetylase inhibitor potentiates retinoid receptor action in embryonal carcinoma cells (1997)

Histone acetylation is thought to have a role in transcription. To gain insight into the role of histone acetylation in retinoid-dependent transcription, we studied the effects of trichostatin A (TSA), a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase, on P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. We show that coaddition of TSA and retinoic acid (RA) markedly enhances neuronal differentiation in these cells, although TSA alone does not induce differentiation but causes extensive apoptosis. Consistent with the cooperative effect of TSA and RA, coaddition of the two agents synergistically enhanced transcription from stably integrated RA-responsive promoters. The transcriptional synergy by TSA and RA required the RA-responsive element and a functional retinoid X receptor (RXR)/retinoic acid receptor (RAR) heterodimer, both obligatory for RA-dependent transcription. Furthermore, TSA led to promoter activation by an RXR-selective ligand that was otherwise inactive in transcription. In addition, TSA enhanced transcription from a minimum basal promoter, independently of the RA-responsive element. Finally, we show that TSA alone or in combination with RA increases in vivo endonuclease sensitivity within the RA-responsive promoter, suggesting that TSA treatment might alter a local chromatin environment to enhance RXR/RAR heterodimer action. Thus, these results indicate that histone acetylation influences activity of the heterodimer, which is in line with the observed interaction between the RXR/RAR heterodimer and a histone acetylase presented elsewhere.
Transmission electron microscopy of whiskers and hillocks formed on Al films deposited onto a glass (1998)

Abstract
V-SRC induces expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and transcription of genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor and enolase 1: involvement of HIF-1 in tumor progression. (1997)

Adaptation to hypoxia represents an important aspect of tumor progression. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that mediates essential homeostatic responses to cellular and systemic hypoxia by activating transcription of multiple genes including those encoding glycolytic enzymes and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this report, we demonstrate that whereas C-SRC expression is not required for expression of HIF-1 or transcriptional activation of genes encoding VEGF and enolase 1 (ENO1), cells expressing the v-Src oncogene have increased expression of HIF-1, VEGF, and ENO1 under both hypoxic and nonhypoxic conditions. Expression of V-SRC was associated with increased transcription of reporter genes containing cis-acting hypoxia-response elements from the VEGF and ENO1 genes, and this transcriptional activation required an intact HIF-1 binding site. When three rat hepatoma subclones that differed with respect to the level of HIF-1 expression were injected into nude mice, tumor growth correlated with HIF-1 expression, suggesting that HIF-1 may be generally involved in tumor progression. These studies link an oncogene to the induction of HIF-1 expression, thus providing a mechanism for hypoxic adaptation by tumor cells.
Identification of a Mobile Endogenous Transposon in Arabidopsis thaliana (1993)

A mobile endogenous transposable element, Tag1, has been identified in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Tag1 was found in the nitrate transporter gene, CHL1, of a chlorate-resistant mutant present in a population of plants containing an active maize Ac transposon. Tag1 excises from the chl1 gene producing chlorate-sensitive revertants with Tag1 or Tag1-related elements at different loci. Tag1 and related elements are present in the Landsberg but not Columbia or Wassilewskija ecotypes of Arabidopsis. Thus, Tag1 provides a tool for the insertional mutagenesis of plant genes essential for biological processes of agronomic importance.
Cooperative Modulation of [3H]MK‐801 Binding to the N‐Methyl‐d‐Aspartate Receptor‐Ion Channel Complex by l‐Glutamate, Glycine, and Polyamines (1988)

In extensively washed rat cortical membranes [3H](+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5 H-dibenzo [a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine ([3H]MK-801) labeled a homogeneous set of sites (Bmax = 1.86 pmol/mg protein) with relatively low affinity (KD = 45 nM). L-Glutamate, glycine, and spermidine produced concentration-dependent increases in specific [3H]MK-801 binding due to a reduction in the KD of the radioligand. In the presence of high concentrations of L-glutamate, glycine, or spermidine, the KD values for [3H]MK-801 were reduced to 11 nM, 18 nM, and 15 nM, respectively. Maximally effective concentrations of combinations of the three compounds further increased [3H]MK-801 binding affinity as follows: L-glutamate + glycine, KD = 6.2 nM; L-glutamate + spermidine, KD = 2.2 nM; glycine + spermidine, KD = 8.3 nM. High concentrations of spermidine did not inhibit either [3H]glycine orf [3H]3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid binding to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex. The concentration of L-glutamate required to produce half-maximal enhancement (EC50) of [3H]MK-801 binding was reduced from 218 nM to 52 nM in the presence of 30 microM glycine and to 41 nM in the presence of 50 microM spermidine. The EC50 value for glycine enhancement of [3H]MK-801 binding was 184 nM. This was lowered to 47 nM in the presence of L-glutamate and to 59 nM in the presence of spermidine. Spermidine enhanced [3H]MK-801 binding with an EC50 value of 19.4 microM which was significantly reduced by high concentrations of L-glutamate (EC50 = 3.9 microM) or glycine (EC50 = 6.2 microM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)