gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient diffusion of ion-implanted B in Si: Dose, time, and matrix dependence of atomic and electrical profiles (1990)

The time evolution of B diffusion and electrical activation after ion implantation and annealing at 800 and 900 °C is studied using secondary-ion mass spectrometry and spreading-resistance profiling. The time evolution at 800 °C is observed in both crystalline and post-amorphized samples. Amorphized samples show near-normal concentration enhanced diffusion. Crystalline samples show anomalous transient diffusion, with a rapidly diffusing low-concentration region and a static peak region above a critical concentration Cenh=3.5×1018 cm−3. The peak region above Cenh is shown to be electrically inactive. The static, inactive B is released over a period of many hours, compared with the transient diffusion enhancement which relaxes to near-normal within 30 min. The time evolution of B diffusion at 900 °C is observed as a function of implantation dose. A critical concentration for transient diffusion, Cenh=8×1018 cm−2, independent of dose, is observed at this temperature. The transient diffusion enhancement in the diffusing part of the B profile increases with dose, up to a dose of ∼5×1014 cm−3, and saturates at higher doses. A comparison with published data shows that Cenh∼ni within a factor 2 over the temperature range 550–900 °C. We interpret our observations in terms of a nonequilibrium point-defect model of diffusion and intermediate defect formation.
Electrostatic versus Steric Effects in Peptidomimicry:  Synthesis and Secondary Structure Analysis of Gramicidin S Analogues with (E)-Alkene Peptide Isosteres (2005)

A concise synthetic strategy was used for the first preparation of GS analogues with trisubstituted (E)-alkene peptide bond replacements. Solution and solid state conformational analysis demonstrated that the bistrifluoromethylated analogue was a superior mimic of the natural product, whereas the incorporation of methyl groups into the alkene peptide isostere led to a far greater perturbation of the secondary structure features of GS. The difference between CF3- and CH3-substitution can be explained by the superior electrostatic carbonyl group mimicry of the former function.
Disparity-induced and blur-induced convergence eye movement and accommodation in the monkey (1986)

The dynamics of vergence eye movement and of ocular accommodation were studied in two monkeys trained to track a haploscopically presented target that appeared to move in depth. The target was presented under four conditions: monocular viewing, normal binocular viewing, accommodation-open-loop binocular viewing, and "conflict" viewing, in which the accommodation and vergence stimuli did not correspond to those produced by any real target in three-dimensional space. The first and third conditions were chosen because in each case only one of the two primary cues that guide accommodation and vergence was operative: blur in the first case and disparity in the third. We usually studied responses to apparent target movement directly toward or away from the right eye, in which accommodation was measured. The latencies of the accommodation responses to steps toward the monkey were approximately 180 and 240 ms in the two monkeys, while in both monkeys the latencies of convergence were approximately 160 ms. Neither the vergence latencies nor the accommodation latencies were greatly different in monocular and binocular viewing. Responses to a sinusoidally moving target (frequencies 0.1-1.2 Hz; peak-to-peak amplitude 0.5-4 diopters or meter-angles) were studied in the first three of the above viewing conditions. In binocular viewing, even with accommodation open-loop, vergence and accommodation showed much smaller phase lags than in monocular viewing. Furthermore, in response to step changes, both vergence and accommodation velocities were higher in binocular viewing than in monocular viewing. Thus the dynamic control of both vergence and accommodation relies predominantly on disparity signals. At low frequencies (0.2 or 0.3 Hz) the monkeys showed only a modest ability to separate their accommodation and vergence responses when presented with conflicting blur and disparity cues. A simple linear calculation based on the data above was used to predict the responses in such situations. The predicted and observed responses were in reasonable agreement.
Bioprinting of a mechanically enhanced three-dimensional dual cell-laden construct for osteochondral tissue engineering using a multi-head tissue/organ building system (2012)

The aim of this study was to build a mechanically enhanced three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted construct containing two different cell types for osteochondral tissue regeneration. Recently, the production of 3D cell-laden structures using various scaffold-free cell printing technologies has opened up new possibilities. However, ideal 3D complex tissues or organs have not yet been printed because gel-state hydrogels have been used as the principal material and are unable to maintain the desired 3D structure due to their poor mechanical strength. In this study, thermoplastic biomaterial polycaprolactone (PCL), which shows relatively high mechanical properties as compared with hydrogel, was used as a framework for enhancing the mechanical stability of the bioprinted construct. Two different alginate solutions were then infused into the previously prepared framework consisting of PCL to create the 3D construct for osteochondral printing. For this work, a multi-head tissue/organ building system (MtoBS), which was particularly designed to dispense thermoplastic biomaterial and hydrogel having completely different rheology properties, was newly developed and used to bioprint osteochondral tissue. It was confirmed that the line width, position and volume control of PCL and alginate solutions were adjustable in the MtoBS. Most importantly, dual cell-laden 3D constructs consisting of osteoblasts and chondrocytes were successfully fabricated. Further, the separately dispensed osteoblasts and chondrocytes not only retained their initial position and viability, but also proliferated up to 7 days after being dispensed.
How nonviolence works (2006)

1. There is ample evidence from historical examples that nonviolent action can be an effective method of social action. Examples from recent decades include the toppling of Philippines dictator Ferdinand Marcos in 1986 through "people power," the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe in 1989, the thwarting of a coup in the Soviet Union in 1991, the ending of apartheid in South Africa in the early 1990s, the resignation of President Suharto due to popular pressure in Indonesia in 1998, and the overthrow of Serbian ruler Milosevic in 2000 (Ackerman and DuVall 2000).
A Floating-Gate Trimmable High-Resolution DAC in Standard 0.25µ mC MOS (2001)

We have built a 14-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in a standard 0.25µm digital CMOS process. We use analog values stored on floating-gate p-channel MOSFETs to trim the DAC linearity. Because the storage is nonvolatile, we eliminate the need for continuous trimming. Our design has 6 untrimmable LSBs and 8 trimmable MSBs. The pre-trim differential nonlinearity (DNL) exceeded 130 LSBs; the post-trim DNL is less than 1.8 LSBs. We were able to trim the 8 MSBs to 0.5 LSB DNL; the 1.8 LSB error is due to an untrimmable bit. Because our DAC does not require continuous trimming, nor laser-trimmable resistors, it occupies only 0.17 mm 2 of die area and dissipates 11 mW at 100 MHz with a –10 dBm differential output.
Tumor cell surface beta 1-4-linked galactose binds to lectin(s) on microvascular endothelial cells and contributes to organ colonization. (1990)

Cell surface carbohydrate structures acting as ligands for tissue specific mammalian lectins have been implicated in cell-cell interactions during embryogenesis, lymphocyte homing, and tumor cell metastasis. In this report, we provide evidence that beta 1-4 linked galactose (Gal) residues in N-linked oligosaccharides on the surface of blood born tumor cells serve as a ligand for binding to microvascular endothelial cells. D36W25, a class 1 glycosylation mutant of the MDAY-D2 lymphoreticular tumor cell line, lacks sialic acid and Gal in cellular glycans due to a defect in the Golgi UDP-Gal transporter. Using UDP-Gal and bovine galactosyltransferase in vitro, beta 1-4 Gal was restored to the surface of the cells and 70% of the galactosylated glycans persisted for 8 h in vitro at 37 degrees C. Compared to mock-treated D36W25 cells, galactosylated D36W25 cells showed an 80% increase in binding to microvascular endothelial cell monolayers in vitro. The enhanced binding of galactosylated D36W25 cells to endothelial cell was inhibited by the addition of lactosamine-conjugated albumin to the assay. Consistent with these observations, swainsonine and castinospermine, two inhibitors of N-linked processing that result in loss of lactosamine antennae inhibited the binding of wild-type MDAY-D2 cells to endothelial cells in vitro. Injection of radiolabeled tumor cells into the circulation of syngeneic mice, showed that galactosylation of D36W25 cells resulted in 2-3 more tumor cells retained in the lungs and livers. In addition, galactosylation of D36W25 cells increased by 30-fold the number of visible liver metastases on inspection 4 wk after tumor cell injection. These results suggest that beta 1-4Gal-binding lectins on microvascular endothelial cells can contribute to retention and secondary tumor formation of blood born tumor cells. With the increasing availability of purified glycosyltransferases, reconstruction of a variety of carbohydrate sequences on the surface of class 1 mutants provides a controlled means of studying carbohydrate-lectin interactions on viable cells.
The application of backpropagation neural networks to problems in pathology and laboratory medicine. (1992)

Neural networks are a group of computer-based pattern recognition technologies that have been applied to problems in clinical diagnosis. This review focuses on one member of the group of neural networks, the backpropagation network. The steps in creating a backpropagation network are (1) collecting adequate training facts, (2) choosing the specific network structure, (3) training the network, and (4) cross-validating the trained network. The first published applications of backpropagation networks to problems in pathology and laboratory medicine have appeared recently. These applications are in the areas of image analysis and interpretation of laboratory results, and they demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
Rab25 expression predicts poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2014)

Rab25 has been implicated in a number of types of cancer. However, its expression status and clinical implications in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of Rab25 status in patients with ccRCC. Rab25 expression was determined by western blot analysis in 30 fresh ccRCC samples. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the ccRCC samples and paired adjacent noncancerous tissues from 107 patients with ccRCC who had undergone surgery. The prognostic role and correlations with other clinicopathological factors were evaluated. Rab25 expression was upregulated in ccRCC tissues compared with that in paired adjacent noncancerous tissues. A high expression of Rab25 protein was significantly correlated with the primary tumor stage; lymph node metastasis; distant metastasis; tumor, node and metastasis stage and histological grade. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis by log-rank test demonstrated that elevated Rab25 expression predicted lower overall survival time in patients with ccRCC. Notably, multivariate analyses revealed that expression of Rab25 was an independent prognostic factor in ccRCC (hazard ratio, 3.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-10.38; P=0.023). In conclusion, Rab25 is a potential prognostic biomarker in ccRCC.
Thalidomide treatment for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (1991)

The treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) may present a difficult therapeutic problem. We used thalidomide to treat six patients with severe chronic GVHD who failed to respond to standard immunosuppressive agents. Four of the six patients showed a clear response to thalidomide, with the fifth patient showing a partial response. The best results were seen in patients with chronic cutaneous GVHD. Two of the patients developed neurophysiological evidence of a peripheral neuropathy, associated with clinical signs in one patient. Measurement of thalidomide plasma levels and pharmacokinetic curves showed a significant inter-patient variation. Peak plasma levels varied from 0.47 to 1.46 micrograms/ml. Thalidomide has a role to play in the management of chronic GVHD and further studies are needed.
D18G Transthyretin Is Monomeric, Aggregation Prone, and Not Detectable in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid:  A Prescription for Central Nervous System Amyloidosis? (2003)

Over 70 transthyretin (TTR) mutations facilitate amyloidosis in tissues other than the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, the D18G TTR mutation in individuals of Hungarian descent leads to CNS amyloidosis. D18G forms inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli, unlike the other disease-associated TTR variants overexpressed to date. Denaturation and reconstitution of D18G from inclusion bodies afford a folded monomer that is destabilized by 3.1 kcal/mol relative to an engineered monomeric version of WT TTR. Since TTR tetramer dissociation is typically rate limiting for amyloid formation, the monomeric nature of D18G renders its amyloid formation rate 1000-fold faster than WT. It is perplexing that D18G does not lead to severe early onset systemic amyloidosis, given that it is the most destabilized TTR variant characterized to date, more so than variants exhibiting onset in the second decade. Instead, CNS impairment is observed in the fifth decade as the sole pathological manifestation; however, benign systemic deposition is also observed. Analysis of heterozygote D18G patient's serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) detects only WT TTR, indicating that D18G is either rapidly degraded postsecretion or degraded within the cell prior to secretion, consistent with its inability to form hybrid tetramers with WT TTR. The nondetectable levels of D18G TTR in human plasma explain the absence of an early onset systemic disease. CNS disease may result owing to the sensitivity of the CNS to lower levels of D18G aggregate. Alternatively, or in addition, we speculate that a fraction of D18G made by the choroid plexus can be transiently tetramerized by the locally high thyroxine (T(4)) concentration, chaperoning it out into the CSF where it undergoes dissociation and amyloidogenesis due to the low T(4) CSF concentration. Selected small molecule tetramer stabilizers can transform D18G from a monomeric aggregation-prone state to a nonamyloidogenic tetramer, which may prove to be a useful therapeutic strategy against TTR-associated CNS amyloidosis.
Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of essential oil from Cordia verbenacea DC leaves (2012)

The essential oil of Cordia verbenacea influences the activity of antibiotics and may be used as an adjuvant in antibiotic therapy against respiratory tract bacterial pathogens.
Extracellular matrix and cardiovascular diseases. (1996)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) in the heart and vascular wall includes fibrous proteins and proteoglycans. Fibrous proteins are classified within two categories: structural (collagen and elastin) and adhesive molecules (laminin and fibronectin). These ECM components are important in maintenance of both structure and function of the heart and vascular tissues. Myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, hypertension and heart failure are well known to be associated with progressive cardiac fibrosis. Vascular hypertrophy and thickening has been associated with the pathological series of events that attends both hypertension and restenosis. The accumulation of ECM in the cardiovascular system plays an important role in the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction and hypertension, as well as in vascular hypertrophy and restenosis. Angiotensin II (angiotensin) and transforming growth factor beta 1 are known to play a role in signalling the abnormal accumulation of ECM in these cardiovascular diseases. Administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor type 1 antagonist is associated with regression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis as well as vascular hypertrophy.
Acetylation of GATA-4 Is Involved in the Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Cardiac Myocytes (2005)

Differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into cardiac myocytes requires activation of a cardiac-specific gene program. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) govern gene expression patterns by being recruited to target genes through association with specific transcription factors. One of the HATs, p300, serves as a coactivator of cardiac-specific transcription factors such as GATA-4. The HAT activity of p300 is required for acetylation and DNA binding of GATA-4 and its full transcriptional activity as well as for promotion of a transcriptionally active chromatin configuration. However, the roles of HATs and HDACs in post-translational modification of GATA-4 during the differentiation of ES cells into cardiac myocytes remain unknown. In an ES cell model of developing embryoid bodies, an acetylated form of GATA-4 and its DNA binding increased concomitantly with the expression of p300 during the differentiation of ES cells into cardiac myocytes. Treatment of ES cells with trichostatin A (TSA), a specific HDAC inhibitor, induced acetylation of histone-3/4 near GATA sites within the atrial natriuretic factor promoter. In addition, TSA augmented the increase in an acetylated form of GATA-4 and its DNA binding during the ES cell differentiation. Finally, TSA facilitated the expression of green fluorescence protein under the control of the cardiac-specific Nkx-2.5 promoter and of endogenous cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain during the differentiation. These findings demonstrate that acetylation of GATA-4 as well as of histones is involved in the differentiation of ES cells into cardiac myocytes.
Microfluidic routes to the controlled production of nanoparticlesElectronic supplementary information ESI available: image of the central portion of the micromixer chip. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b202998g/ (2002)

A microfluidic procedure for the controlled production of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles is described.
Interleukin-31 pathway and its role in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review (2017)

Interleukin-31 plays an important role in atopic dermatitis and alopecia. Inhibiting this pathway may provide an alternative to antihistamines for the pruritus of atopic dermatitis.
Ultrasonic micromixer for microfluidic systems (2002)

This paper describes the design, fabrication and evaluation of an active micromixer. Mixing occurs directly from ultrasonic vibration. The intended use of the device was for integrated micro chemical synthesis systems or for micro total analysis systems. The pattern of inlets, outlet and mixing chamber were formed in glass. The whole flow path was encapsulated by anodic bonding of a Si wafer to the glass. A diaphragm (6 mm/spl times/6 mm/spl times/0.15 mm) was etched on the Si side for oscillation. The ultrasonic vibration originated from a bulk piezoelectric PZT ceramic (5 mm/spl times/4 mm/spl times/0.15 mm), which was excited by a 60 kHz square wave at 50 V (peak-to-peak). Liquids were mixed in a chamber (6 mm/spl times/6 mm/spl times/0.06 mm) with the Si oscillating diaphragm driven by the PZT. A solution of uranine and water were used to evaluate the mixing effectiveness. The entire process was recorded using a fluorescent microscope equipped with digital camera. The laminar flows of uranine solution (5 /spl mu/l/min) and water (5 /spl mu/l/min) were mixed effectively when the PZT was excited.
High-density lipoproteins can act as carriers of glycophosphoinositol lipid-anchored CD59 in human plasma. (1994)

CD59 (protectin) is a glycophosphoinositol (GPI) lipid-anchored inhibitor of complement lysis that is expressed on the membranes of blood cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells and cardiomyocytes. CD59 may be shed from cell surfaces, e.g. during cell injury, but when entering human plasma its fate is unknown. In this study we observed that radiolabelled lipid-anchored CD59, but not soluble urinary CD59 without anchor lipid, incorporated into high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles when mixed with human serum and analysed by high resolution gel filtration and anti-apoA-I affinity chromatography. Only a small proportion of CD59 entered the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction. HDL particles were capable of incorporating 25-42% of [125I]CD that was preinserted into the membranes of rabbit erythrocytes (RaE) and transferred 7-14% of [125I]CD59 back to RaE or to cultured human endothelial cells (EA.hy 926). Immunoaffinity purification and immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that HDL isolated from normolipidemic human serum contained small amounts of CD59. These results suggest that HDL particles could be involved in the recycling of GPI lipid-anchored molecules released from cell surfaces.
A Simple and Short Synthesis of Divinyl Chlorophyll Derivatives (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Simple and Short Synthesis of Divinyl Chlorophyll DerivativesGang Zheng, Thomas J. Dougherty, and Ravindra K. PandeyView Author Information Chemistry Section, Photodynamic Therapy Center, and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 10, 3751–3754Publication Date (Web):April 21, 1999Publication History Received14 December 1998Published online21 April 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/jo982431uCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views374Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (175 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Ethers,Organic compounds,Photosensitization,Reaction products Get e-Alerts