gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate decarboxylase in the rat basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, with special reference to GABAergic innervation of amygdalostriatal projection neurons (1988)

Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) immunohistochemistry was employed at the light and electron microscopic levels to localize GABAergic structures in the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (BL). The GAD-immunoreactive (GAD-IR) staining pattern consisted of punctate structures and a morphologically diverse group of GAD-IR neurons. At the electron microscopic level many of these punctate structures were found to make symmetrical synaptic contacts with cell bodies as well as distal parts of unlabeled, presumably projection and nonprojection, neurons. In addition, GAD-immunoreactive neurons were identified in the BL, and they had the ultrastructural characteristics of local circuit or intrinsic neurons and were not retrogradely labeled with HRP following ventral striatal injections. Some of these GAD-immunoreactive neurons were contacted by GABAergic boutons, forming symmetrical synaptic contacts. GABAergic innervation of amygdaloid projection neurons in the BL was identified by combining GAD immunohistochemistry with Golgi impregnation and retrograde tracing of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following injections of the tracer in the olfactory-tubercle-related parts of the ventral striatum. Amygdalostriatal projection neurons in the BL were observed to be in continuity with neurons in the piriform cortex which project to the ventral striatum. The results provide direct evidence for the presence of GAD-IR boutons in the BL making synaptic contacts with identified amygdalostriatal projection neurons. The present study provides direct anatomical evidence for the physiological observation that GABA exhibits a powerful regulation of the amygdaloid projection neurons in the BL and lends further support to the concept of a corticallike functional organization of the basolateral amygdala.
Efficient Cross-Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Aryl Grignard Reagents (Kumada Reaction) Mediated by a Palladium/Imidazolium Chloride System (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEfficient Cross-Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Aryl Grignard Reagents (Kumada Reaction) Mediated by a Palladium/Imidazolium Chloride SystemJinkun Huang and Steven P. NolanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans New Orleans, Louisiana 70148 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 42, 9889–9890Publication Date (Web):October 8, 1999Publication History Received24 May 1999Published online8 October 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja991703nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja991703nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8692Altmetric-Citations339LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Chemical reactions,Cross coupling reaction,Ligands,Reagents Get e-Alerts
Growth kinetics, self-renewal, and the osteogenic potential of purified human mesenchymal stem cells during extensive subcultivation and following cryopreservation (1997)

Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of a subset of cells in human bone marrow capable of differentiating along multiple mesenchymal lineages. Not only do these mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess multilineage developmental potential, but they may be cultured ex vivo for many passages without overt expression of a differentiated phenotype. The goals of the current study were to determine the growth kinetics, self-renewing capacity and the osteogenic potential of purified MSCs during extensive subcultivation and following cryopreservation. Primary cultures of MSCs were established from normal iliac crest bone marrow aspirates, an aliquot was cryopreserved and thawed, and then both frozen and unfrozen populations were subcultivated in parallel for as many as 15 passages. Cells derived from each passage were assayed for their kinetics of growth and their osteogenic potential in response to an osteoinductive medium containing dexamethasone. Spindle-shaped human MSCs in primary culture exhibit a lag phase of growth, followed by a log phase, finally resulting in a growth plateau state. Passaged cultures proceed through the same stages, however, the rate of growth in log phase and the final number of cells after a fixed period in culture diminishes as a function of continued passaging. The average number of population doublings for marrow-derived adult human MSCs was determined to be 38 +/- 4, at which time the cells finally became very broad and flattened before degenerating. The osteogenic potential of cells was conserved throughout every passage as evidenced by the significant increase in APase activity and formation of mineralized nodular aggregates. Furthermore, the process of cryopreserving and thawing the cells had no effect on either their growth or osteogenic differentiation. Importantly, these studies demonstrate that replicative senescence of MSCs is not a state of terminal differentiation since these cells remain capable of progressing through the osteogenic lineage. The use of population doubling potential as a measure of biological age suggests that MSCs are intermediately between embryonic and adult tissues, and as such, may provide an in situ source for mesenchymal progenitor cells throughout an adult's lifetime.
Sensitivity-based modeling and methodology for full-chip substrate noise analysis (2004)

Substrate noise (SN) is an important problem in mixed-signal designs. With increasing design complexity, it is not possible to simulate for SN with a detailed SPICE model that uses an accurate model for each transistor. In this paper, we propose a sensitivity analysis- and static timing analysis-based methodology to derive a reduced model that computes the worst case substrate noise in the design. The reduced model contains only passive components, which are very few, and is very quick to simulate. The main feature of our methodology is that, unlike previous approaches, it is independent of input patterns and does not need to simulate for millions of clock cycles. This lets us apply it to a full-chip design in reasonable CPU time. We validate our reduced model on several benchmark circuits against a detailed and highly accurate reference model. On average, the reduced model is within 16.4% of the reference model and is up to 38 times faster. Finally, we apply our methodology to a mixed-signal switch chip design consisting of 8 million gates and show that it finishes in 17 minutes.
Semianalytical Productivity Models for Perforated Completions (1991)

Summary This paper discusses the effects of various perforation and reservoir parameters on the productivity (or injectivity) of perforated completions. Because of the complex, 3D flow into a spiral system of perforations, productivity analysis of perforated completions is not easily amenable to analytical treatment. This paper presents a semianalytical solution for the estimation of skin in perforated completions. Results are presented for two separate cases: the 2D-plane-flow problem, which is essentially valid at small dimensionless perforation spacings (large perforation penetrations or high perforation shot densities) and the general 3D problem, where the vertical convergent flow into perforations is significant. In these analyses, the wellbore and vertical-flow effects are quantified in terms of pseu-doskins obtained by accurate finite-element simulations. The effects of perforation damage and formation anisotropy are also included. The results provide a better understanding of the relative role of various perforation parameters in affecting well productivity. Because they are based on theoretical considerations, the correlations allow reliable estimates of the skin in perforated completions. New relations are provided for estimating productivity of perforated completions with formation permeability damage. Results indicate the importance of angular phasing, in addition to perforation penetration, in overcoming the effects of formation damage on well productivity.
Development of an extremely wear‐resistant ultra high molecular weight polythylene for total hip replacements (1999)

Osteolysis induced by ultra high molecular weight polyethylene wear debris is one of the primary factors limiting the lifespan of total hip replacements. Crosslinking polyethylene is known to improve its wear resistance in certain industrial applications, and crosslinked polyethylene acetabular cups have shown improved wear resistance in two clinical studies. In the present study, crosslinked polyethylene cups were produced by two methods. Chemically crosslinked cups were produced by mixing a peroxide with ultra high molecular weight polyethylene powder and then molding the cups directly to shape. Radiation-crosslinked cups were produced by exposing conventional extruded ultra high molecular weight polyethylene bar stock to gamma radiation at various doses from 3.3 to 100 Mrad (1 Mrad = 10 kGy), remelting the bars to extinguish residual free radicals (i.e., to minimize long-term oxidation), and then machining the cups by conventional techniques. In hip-joint simulator tests lasting as long as 5 million cycles, both types of cross-linked cups exhibited dramatically improved resistance to wear. Artificial aging of the cups by heating for 30 days in air at 80 degrees C induced oxidation of the chemically crosslinked cups. However, a chemically crosslinked cup that was aged 2.7 years at room temperature had very little oxidation. Thus, whether substantial oxidation of chemically crosslinked polyethylene would occur at body temperature remains unclear. The radiation-crosslinked remelted cups exhibited excellent resistance to oxidation. Because crosslinking can reduce the ultimate tensile strength, fatigue strength, and elongation to failure of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, the optimal crosslinking dose provides a balance between these physical properties and the wear resistance of the implant and might substantially reduce the incidence of wear-induced osteolysis with total hip replacements.
Cellular investigations with human antibodies associated with the anti-IgLON5 syndrome (2016)

IgLON5 antibodies recognize the immunoglobulin-like domain 2 of the antigen, and the reactivity is not dependent on glycosylation. The effects observed on hippocampal neuronal cultures indicate an irreversible antibody-mediated internalization of surface IgLON5. These effects were mediated by specific IgLON5 IgG1 antibodies and suggest a pathogenic role of these antibodies in the disease.
Liquid/Liquid Biphasic Recovery/Reuse of Soluble Polymer‐ Supported Catalysts (2006)

Abstract Liquid/liquid separations using gravity and two phases of different density are a practical and viable way to recover, separate and reuse soluble polymer‐supported catalysts. Such separations are facilitated by using polymers that have phase‐selective solubility under biphasic conditions. Such polymers can be designed to be soluble either in a non‐polar or a polar phase. Since catalyst and ligand loading can be at a low mole percent level on the polymer, the polymer’s intrinsic solubility can be maintained with a variety of ligands and catalysts making such separation strategies general. Catalysis with such soluble polymer‐supported species can either be carried out under biphasic or monophasic conditions. In the former case, aqueous/organic, fluorous/organic or other biphasic regimes can be used. In the later case, thermomorphic or latent biphasic conditions can be employed. In either case, catalyst separation and recovery can be accomplished simply without using significant quantities of additional solvent.
A combination of four cell types for rapid detection of enteroviruses in clinical specimens (1986)

Isolation in cell culture is currently the most sensitive and reliable way to demonstrate enterovirus (EV) in clinical specimens. During July-October 1982 and 1983, we studied the impact of adding two new cell lines, Buffalo green monkey kidney (BGM) and human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD), to the more traditional cell combination used for EV isolation, human embryonic lung (HEL) and primary cynomolgus monkey kidney (CMK) cells; 2,558 specimens were studied: 632 fecal, 677 respiratory, 537 CSF, and 712 blood. An EV was isolated from 417 (16%); of these, 77 (18%) were positive only in BGM or RD; 35% (146/417) of the specimens were positive in BGM, RD, or both, at least one day earlier than in the traditional cells. BGM cells were helpful in isolation of group B coxsackieviruses (CB): 99% of 121 positive specimens were detected in BGM vs 73% in CMK and 23% in HEL; 72% of the CB isolates were detected by day 2 in BGM vs 48% in CMK and 0% in HEL. RD cells were helpful in the isolation of echoviruses: 59% of the 189 positive specimens were detected in RD vs 67% in HEL and 58% in CMK. RD was the only positive cell type in 28/189 (15%) positive specimens; 31% of the echovirus isolates were detected by day 2 in RD, vs 20% in HEL and 19% in CMK. Using the cell types described, we provided the clinician with results in 42% of the EV-positive specimens by day 2 after inoculation and in 61% by day 4.
The cancer/testis genes: review, standardization, and commentary. (2004)

Cancer/testis (CT) antigens are immunogenic in cancer patients, exhibit highly tissue-restricted expression, and are considered promising target molecules for cancer vaccines. To date, 44 CT gene families have been identified and their expression studied in numerous cancer types. For example, bladder cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and melanoma are high CT gene expressors, with 11/20 (55%), 17/33 (51%) and 17/32 (53%) of the CT transcripts examined by RT-PCR detected in 20% or more of the specimens examined, respectively. Breast and prostate cancer can be considered moderate CT gene expressors, with 12/32 (37%) and 6/20 (30%) CT transcripts having an expression frequency >20%, respectively, while renal and colon cancer are low CT gene expressors, with only 3/33 (9%) and 4/25 (16%) CT transcripts having an expression frequency >20%, respectively. In normal tissues, standardized RT-PCR experiments showed that 19/43 CT genes were testis-restricted, 10/43 CT genes were tissue-restricted (mRNA detected in 2 or fewer non-gametogenic tissues), 9/43 CT genes were differentially expressed (mRNA detected in 3-6 non-gametogenic tissues), and 5/43 CT genes were ubiquitously expressed. With the exception of testis-restricted CT transcripts, all remaining CT transcripts were expressed in normal pancreas. In terms of immunogenicity, 14/29 testis/tissue-restricted CT gene families have been shown to induce a cellular and/or humoral immune response in humans. In view of the expanding list of CT genes, a CT gene database was created to standardize CT nomenclature and accumulate relevant data regarding their expression profiles, immunogenicity, function (where known), gene structure and location, and orthologous groups.
Clinical Manifestations and Early Diagnosis of Sjögren Syndrome (2004)

Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a common autoimmune disease evidenced by broad organ-specific and systemic manifestations, the most prevalent being diminished lacrimal and salivary gland function, xerostomia, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and parotid gland enlargement. Primary SS presents alone, and secondary SS occurs in connection with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In addition, symptoms do not always present concurrently. This diversity of symptomatic expression adds to the difficulty in initial diagnosis. Armed with the recently refined criteria for diagnosis, specialists, such as rheumatologists, primary care physicians, ophthalmologists, and dentists, who would otherwise focus only on those symptoms that encompass their areas of expertise, can get a comprehensive image of the presenting patient, leading to earlier identification and treatment of SS.
The virulence factor AvrXa7 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzae is a type III secretion pathway-dependent nuclear-localized double-stranded DNA-binding protein (2000)

AvrXa7 is a member of the avrBs3 avirulence gene family, which encodes proteins targeted to plant cells by a type III secretion apparatus. AvrXa7, the product of avrXa7, is also a virulence factor in strain PXO86 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Avirulence and virulence specificities are associated with the central repeat domain, which, in avrXa7, consists of 25.5 direct repeat units. Mutations in three C-terminal nuclear localization signal motifs eliminated avirulence and virulence activities in rice and severely reduced nuclear localization in a yeast assay system. Both pathogenicity functions and nuclear localization were restored on the addition of the sequence for the nuclear localization signal motif from SV40 T-antigen. The loss of avirulence activity because of mutations in the acidic transcriptional activation domain was restored by addition of the activation domain from the herpes simplex viral protein VP16. The activation domain was also required for virulence activity. However, the VP16 domain could not substitute for the endogenous domain in virulence assays. In gel shift assays, AvrXa7 bound double-stranded DNA with a preference for dA/dT rich sequences. The results indicate that products of the avrBs3-related genes are virulence factors targeted to host cell nuclei and have the potential to interact with the host DNA and transcriptional machinery as part of their mode of action. The results also suggest that the host defensive recognition mechanisms are targeted to the virulence factor site of action.
Translation initiation factor 5A and its hypusine modification are essential for cell viability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1991)

Translation intitiation factor eIF-5A (previously named eIF-4D) is a highly conserved protein that promotes formation of the first peptide bond. One of its lysine residues is modified by spermidine to form hypusine, a posttranslational modification unique to eIF-5A. To elucidate the function of eIF-5A and determine the role of its hypusine modification, the cDNA encoding human eIF-5A was used as a probe to identify and clone the corresponding genes from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two genes named TIF51A and TIF51B were cloned and sequenced. The two yeast proteins are closely related, sharing 90% sequence identity, and each is ca. 63% identical to the human protein. The purified protein expressed from the TIF51A gene substitutes for HeLa eIF-5A in the mammalian methionyl-puromycin synthesis assay. Strains lacking the A form of eIF-5A, constructed by disruption of TIF51A with LEU2, grow slowly, whereas strains lacking the B form, in which HIS3 was used to disrupt TIF51B, show no growth rate phenotype. However, strains with both TIF51A and TIF51B disrupted are not viable, indicating that eIF-5a is essential for cell growth in yeast cells. Northern (RNA) blot analysis shows two mRNA species, a larger mRNA (0.9 kb) transcribed from TIF51A and a smaller mRNA (0.8 kb) encoded by TIF51B. Under the aerobic growth conditions of this study, the 0.8-kb TIF51B transcript is not detected in the wild-type strain and is expressed only when TIF51A is disrupted. The TIF51A gene was altered by site-directed mutagenesis at the site of hypusination by changing the Lys codon to that for Arg, thereby producing a stable protein that retains the positive charge but is not modified to the hypusine derivative. The plasmid shuffle technique was used to replace the wild-type gene with the mutant form, resulting in failure of the yeast cells to grow. This result indicates that hypusine very likely is required for the vital in vivo function of eIF-5A and suggests a precise, essential role for the polyamine spermidine in cell metabolism.
β-Myosin Heavy Chain Is Induced by Pressure Overload in a Minor Subpopulation of Smaller Mouse Cardiac Myocytes (2011)

β-MyHC protein is induced by pressure overload in a minor subpopulation of smaller cardiac myocytes. The hypertrophied myocytes after TAC have α-MyHC only. These data challenge the current paradigm of the fetal hypertrophic gene program and identify a new subpopulation of smaller working ventricular myocytes with more myosin.
Simplified method for recovery and PCR detection of Cryptosporidium DNA from bovine feces (1996)

An assay to identify Cryptosporidium DNA in bovine feces has been developed emphasizing standardization of sample preparation and simplification of the DNA recovery process for PCR amplification and DNA hybridization detection. The Cryptosporidium DNA recovery-PCR detection procedure (CR-PCR) can recover DNA suitable for PCR amplification without using or generating hazardous chemicals or wastes. In comparisons with a commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (Color Vue-Cryptosporidium; Seradyn, Indianapolis, Ind.), the CR-PCR could detect 10(3) to 10(4) times fewer purified oocysts diluted in solution (water or buffered saline) and 10(2) times fewer oocysts from diarrheic feces and showed earlier detectability from solid, nondiarrheic feces in an experimental infection. This assay may prove useful for detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts in feces and in clarifying the role of livestock in waterborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis.
Implementing ACL-Based Policies in XACML (2008)

XACML is commonly used as a policy exchange mechanism, decision engines are available, and verification tools are under development. However, no support for legacy access control systems exists yet. To explore the feasibility to support legacy systems, we designed and implemented a mapping of the IBMreg Tivolireg Access Manager policy language into XACML. Although the Tivoli Access Manager policy language, being ACL-based, is simpler in general, it turned out to be a non-trivial task to encode the interplay of the Tivoli Access Manager policy elements and decision logic within XACML. To achieve this task, we had to come up with a novel use of XACML features.
Growth-inhibitory activity of natural and synthetic isothiocyanates against representative human microbial pathogens (2013)

This systematic study identified new ITC compounds highly active against common human microbial pathogens at the concentrations comparable with those for currently used antimicrobial drugs (e.g. rifampicin and fluconazole). Tested representative pathogens do not develop resistance to the inhibitors. These properties justify further evaluation of ITC compounds as potential antimicrobial agents for medicinal use and for industrial applications.