gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of novel symmetrical and unsymmetrical bis-spiro[indole-indazolyl-thiazolidine]-2,4'-diones (2009)

A facile synthesis of novel symmetrical and unsymmetrical bis-[spiro(indole-indazolylthiazolidine)-2,4-diones] 5a-f has been achieved via hitherto unknown bis-Schiff bases 3a-f, which in turn have been prepared from the earlier reported (1H-indol-2,3-dione)-1,1-(1,6hexanediyl)bis 1a-c and 5-substituted-1-[6-(2,3-dioxoindolyl)hexyl]-1H-indol-2,3-diones 1d-f.
Solar cells and submodules on CIS prepared by EDCF method (2002)

We are developing all the necessary processes for large area CIS (CuInSe/sub 2/) modules. These include the CIS material, window layers, and the interconnect scribing. The authors have developed a process called Elemental Deposition and Compound Formation (EDCF) for preparation of CIS material compatible with large area depositions. Over 10% active area efficiency in a small area solar cell has been achieved on CIS prepared by this process. The CIS process has been scaled-up to areas >400 cm/sup 2/ (8"/spl times/8" substrates). The window layers, CdS and ZnO, have been scaled-up to areas over 1000 cm/sup 2/. Laser scribing and mechanical scribing has been developed for modules. Small area interconnected submodules with active area efficiencies over 7% have been demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fabrication of Metallic and Bimetallic Nanostructures by Electron Beam Induced Metallization of Surfactant Stabilized Pd and Pd/Pt Clusters (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFabrication of Metallic and Bimetallic Nanostructures by Electron Beam Induced Metallization of Surfactant Stabilized Pd and Pd/Pt ClustersManfred T. Reetz, Martin Winter, Günter Dumpich, Jens Lohau, and Stefan FriedrichowskiView Author Information Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany Laboratorium für Experimentelle Tieftemperaturphysik Gerhard-Mercator-Universität Duisburg, Lotharstrasse 65 D-47048 Duisburg, Germany Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 19, 4539–4540Publication Date (Web):May 14, 1997Publication History Received7 January 1997Published online14 May 1997Published inissue 1 May 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja970054hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja970054hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views624Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bimetals,Metal clusters,Metals,Palladium,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
Amplification of DNA from native populations of soil bacteria by using the polymerase chain reaction (1992)

Specific DNA sequences from native bacterial populations present in soil, sediment, and sand samples were amplified by using the polymerase chain reaction with primers for either "universal" eubacterial 16S rRNA genes or mercury resistance (mer) genes. With standard amplification conditions, 1.5-kb rDNA fragments from all 12 samples examined and from as little as 5 micrograms of soil were reproducibly amplified. A 1-kb mer fragment from one soil sample was also amplified. The identity of these amplified fragments was confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization.
dfp Gene of Escherichia coli K-12, a locus affecting DNA synthesis, codes for a flavoprotein (1985)

The cloned dfp gene complements dna-707 (now designated dfp-707), a temperature-sensitive conditionally lethal mutation that results in a slow cessation of DNA synthesis while protein synthesis is maintained. In vitro and in vivo experiments failed to demonstrate a specific defect in the initiation of DNA replication, and turn-off of DNA synthesis at high temperature was slower than that of a typical initiation (dnaA) mutant. The gene was localized, and its product was identified through the construction and analysis of deletion and insertion mutants of dfp-containing plasmids. dfp is located between the rpmB and dut genes at 81 min on the linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12. It is transcribed clockwise, independently of dut. The ability of a plasmid to complement a chromosomal dfp-707 mutation was correlated with its ability to produce a 45-kilodalton polypeptide. The purified protein contained 1 mol of flavin mononucleotide per mol of polypeptide.
Fabrication and Structural Characterization of Polyacrylonitrile and Carbon Nanofibers Containing Plasma-Modified Carbon Nanotubes by Electrospinning (2010)

Hybrid nanofibers with different concentrations of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were fabricated using the electrospinning technique and subsequently carbonized. Acrylonitrile-modified CNTs were dispersed in the PAN before electrospinning. The surface morphologies and structures of the nanofibers were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, which showed that the average diameter of the CNT/PAN nanofibers was 110 nm and that the CNTs were embedded in the nanofibers. Raman results indicate that embedded CNTs in the PAN nanofibers nucleate the growth of carbon crystals during PAN carbonization. The lowest sheet resistance of the carbon nanofiber was 8Ω/sq, and the electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency was about 20 dB.
The inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by avarol and avarone derivatives (1990)

We have analyzed the effects of several natural compounds related to avarols and avarones on the catalytic functions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT). The most potent substances, designated as avarone A,B and E and avarol F, inhibited indiscriminately the enzymatic activities of HIV-1 RT, namely the RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase as well as the ribonuclease H. The inhibition of the DNA polymerase activity was found to be non-competitive with respect to either the template-primer or the deoxynucleotidetriphosphate. These studies suggest that the hydroxyl group at the ortho position to the carbonyl group at the quinone ring is involved in blocking the RT activity. The identification of the active site of the inhibitors will hopefully lead to the rational design of new potent anti-HIV drugs.
Re-visiting EGFR amplification as a target for anti-EGFR therapy: Analysis of cell-free circulating tumor DNA in patients with diverse cancers. (2018)

12028 Background: To date, evidence for tissue EGFR amplification (amp)/overexpression as a biomarker for anti-EGFR efficacy has been weak. We investigated the relationship between elevated EGFR copy numbers in cell-free circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA) and the role of anti-EGFR drugs in achieving response. Methods: We evaluated EGFR amp status amongst 1,435 patients with diverse cancers using clinical-grade next generation sequencing (NGS) of cfDNA (Guardant Health) (detects single nucleotide variants [54-73 genes], amp, fusions and indels in selected genes) and analyzed treatments used (NCT02478931). Results: Overall, 6.0% of patients (86/1,435) had EGFR amp on initial cfDNA evaluation (copy numbers, 1+: 2.13-2.39 [N = 40], 2+: 2.40-3.99 [N = 40], 3+: > 4.00 [N = 6]). EGFR amp was most frequent among small cell lung (30.0% [3/10]), breast (11.9% [13/109]) and colorectal cancer (11.0% [14/127]). All patients had co-existing alterations, most commonly in other tyrosine kinase family genes (70.9% [61/86]), MAPK signaling pathway (59.3% [51/86]) or cell cycle-associated genes (53.5% [46/86]). Nine evaluable patients with EGFR amp were treated with anti-EGFR-based regimens. Fifty-six percent (5/9) achieved partial responses, including 2 patients treated with dual anti-EGFR agents (small molecule inhibitor plus antibody) (adenocarcinoma of unknown primary [-44%, 4 months] and gastroesophageal cancer [-70%, 17+ months]. Responses were seen across different degrees of EGFR amp (1+ [N = 1], 2+ [N = 2], 3+ [N = 2]) and included patients with colorectal cancer. Two of 5 responders had tissue NGS showing EGFR amp; 1 of 3 non-responders with tissue NGS showed EGFR amp. Two-month landmark analysis showed median PFS of 3.9 versus 0.57 months among responders versus non-responders (P = 0.11); overall survival, 4.8 versus 0.6 months (P = 0.04). Conclusions: EGFR amp was detected in cfDNA among 6.0% of diverse cancers. Most patients had co-existing alterations. Responses were observed in 5 of 9 patients who received EGFR inhibitors, including 3 who were negative for EGFR amp in tissue. Incorporating EGFR inhibitors in regimens given to patients with EGFR amp in cfDNA merits further study. Clinical trial information: NCT02478931.
A unique uracil-DNA binding protein of the uracil DNA glycosylase superfamily (2015)

Uracil DNA glycosylases (UDGs) are an important group of DNA repair enzymes, which pioneer the base excision repair pathway by recognizing and excising uracil from DNA. Based on two short conserved sequences (motifs A and B), UDGs have been classified into six families. Here we report a novel UDG, UdgX, from Mycobacterium smegmatis and other organisms. UdgX specifically recognizes uracil in DNA, forms a tight complex stable to sodium dodecyl sulphate, 2-mercaptoethanol, urea and heat treatment, and shows no detectable uracil excision. UdgX shares highest homology to family 4 UDGs possessing Fe-S cluster. UdgX possesses a conserved sequence, KRRIH, which forms a flexible loop playing an important role in its activity. Mutations of H in the KRRIH sequence to S, G, A or Q lead to gain of uracil excision activity in MsmUdgX, establishing it as a novel member of the UDG superfamily. Our observations suggest that UdgX marks the uracil-DNA for its repair by a RecA dependent process. Finally, we observed that the tight binding activity of UdgX is useful in detecting uracils in the genomes.
Nimodipine inhibits IL‐1β release stimulated by amyloid β from microglia (2012)

These data suggest that alleviation of symptoms of Alzheimer's disease following nimodipine administration might be due to an anti-inflammatory effect and point to a novel role for nimodipine as a centrally acting anti-inflammatory drug.
ROSIGLITAZONE RELIEVES ACUTE ETHANOL-INDUCED HANGOVER IN SPRAGUE–DAWLEY RATS (2006)

Rosiglitazone alleviated the symptoms of ethanol-induced hangover by inducing ALD2 expression; this result was reconfirmed by eliminating the effect of rosiglitazone by injecting cyanamide, an ALD2 inhibitor.
25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy in haemodialysed patients. (1979)

The effects of 25-OHD3 on renal osteodystrophy have been studied in 6 patients on maintenance haemodialysis. Administration of 25-OHD3, 50 microgram/day, did not improve biochemical data and intestinal absorption of calcium. With a dose of 100 microgram/day in all patients an increase in blood calcium levels eventually reaching hypercalcemic values was observed. In two cases a fall in alkaline phosphatase toward normal values was noted. In the same cases the treatment-induced hyperphosphatemia, uncontrolled by AI(OH)3 supplementation and similarly high iPTH levels were observed. In two cases repeated bone biopsy following 8 months treatment and not show substantial improvement of bone lesions. In one case addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3 to the treatment with 25-OHD3 led to a more rapid improvement in biochemical parameters and iPTH serum levels. Doses of 25-OHD3 capable to correct blood calcium levels and intestinal absorption of calcium, may have minimal benefit on the osteitis fibrosa component of the bone lesion.
Deficiencies in progenitor cells of multiple hematopoietic lineages and defective megakaryocytopoiesis in mice lacking the thrombopoietic receptor c-Mpl (1996)

Mice with a null mutation in the thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor c-Mpl were generated by gene targeting. c-mpl-deficient mice developed normally but were deficient in megakaryocytes and severely thrombocytopenic. The hematocrit and numbers of mature circulating leukocytes were normal in mpl-/- mice, as was the distribution of morphologically identifiable precursors in hematopoietic tissues. Bone marrow and spleen cells of adult mpl-/- mice lacked specific binding sites for TPO, were unresponsive to TPO in culture, and displayed a marked deficiency in progenitor cells with megakaryocytic potential. Significantly, total hematopoietic progenitor cell numbers were also reduced in mpl-/- mice including multipotential, blast cell, and committed progenitors of multiple lineages. The megakaryocyte deficiency was evident as early as 14 days of gestation in mpl-deficient mice, although reductions in progenitor cell numbers arose only later in development. The data suggest that the critical function of c-Mpl signalling in megakaryocytopoiesis is in maintenance of mature megakaryocyte numbers through control of progenitor cell proliferation and maturation. Moreover, our results also imply an important role for TPO and c-Mpl in the production of primitive pluripotent progenitor cells as well as progenitor cells committed to nonmegakaryocytic lineages.
Sequencing Acute Myeloid Leukemia Genomes with “Next Generation” Technologies. (2008)

Abstract For most patients with a sporadic presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), neither the initiating nor the progression mutations responsible for disease are known. Recent attempts to identify key mutations with directed sequencing approaches, or with array-based genomic studies, have had limited success, suggesting that unbiased whole genome sequencing approaches may be required to identify most of the mutations responsible for AML pathogenesis. Until recently, whole genome sequencing has been impractical due to the high cost of conventional capillary-based sequencing and the large numbers of enriched primary tumor cells required to yield the necessary genomic DNA for library preparation. “Next Generation” sequencing approaches have changed this landscape dramatically. Using the Solexa/Illumina platform, we have now sequenced the genomic DNA of highly enriched tumor cells and normal skin cells obtained from a carefully selected patient with a typical presentation of FAB M1 AML. We obtained 98.2 billion bases of sequences from the cytogenetically normal tumor cell genome (32.7 fold haploid coverage), and 41.8 billion bases of sequence from the normal skin genome (13.9 fold coverage). Using these data, we detected diploid sequence coverage of 91% of 46,320 heterozygous SNPs, defined in the tumor genome (by array-based genotyping), and 83% diploid coverage of the skin genome. Of 2,647,695 well-supported single nucleotide variants in the tumor genome, 2,588,486 (97.7%) were also detected in the patient’s skin genome, defining them as inherited. From the remaining variants, 8 have been fully validated as somatic mutations by conventional capillary sequencing using PCR-generated amplicons. We also detected somatic mutations in the FLT3 (ITD) and NPM1 genes (a classic NPMc mutation). Based on deep read-count data of the novel variants on a 454 sequencer, we hypothesize that all of the mutations are in virtually all of the tumor cells, and all were retained at relapse 11 months later, suggesting that a single dominant clone contained all of the mutations. None of the novel mutations has previously been detected in AML cases (and none were found in any of 187 additional AML cases studied here). A number of additional potential somatic mutations in regions lying near genes (but not altering coding sequences) are currently being validated and tested for recurrence in other AML samples. Whole genome sequencing of a second M1 AML genome is now underway. These results demonstrate the power of unbiased whole genome sequencing approaches to discover cancer-associated mutations in novel candidate genes.
919 (2012)

Introduction: In adults with acute kidney injury (AKI) or renal failure (ARF), furosemide has been used to augment urine flow and prevent progression of renal disease. We wish to characterize the impact of intravenous furosemide administration during periods of AKI and ARF on clinically relevant outcomes in critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Hypothesis: Furosemide therapy, during periods of AKI or ARF, does not improve patient outcomes. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of children admitted to the PICU over a 5 year study period, with a diagnosis of AKI or ARF (using RIFLE or pRIFLE criteria) who received furosemide to augment urine flow. Age and disease-severity matched controls who did not receive furosemide were used for comparison. Data are presented as mean ±SD. Student t-test and fisher’s exact were performed as appropriate. Results: One hundred and fifty nine children with a diagnosis of AKI or ARF were identified during the study period. Twenty-two patients received furosemide (age: 7.24 ± 5.5 yrs; PRISM III=13.2 ± 11.3) and were matched with 22 children who did not (age: 7.22 ± 5.6 yrs; PRISM III=16.5 ± 11.6; p=0.9 and 0.43 respectively). Both groups had the same number of children with AKI (n=5) and ARF (n=17). Number of patients with a UOP less than 0.5 ml/kg/hr on day of diagnosis was also similar (36% vs 45%; p=0.76). More children in the furosemide group had delayed AKI or ARF (82% vs none; p<0.001) and evidence of disease progression (41% vs none; p=0.001). PICU length of stay was significantly longer in the furosemide group (21.5 ± 19 vs 7.1 ± 7.8 days; p=0.003). Mortality (41% vs 23%;p=0.33), time to normal serum creatinine for age (16.3 ± 17 vs 6.8 ± 6 days, p=0.1) and requirement for renal replacement therapy (RRT; 41% vs 32%;p=0.75) did not differ between groups. Six patients in the furosemide group received “high-dose” therapy (> 3 mg/kg/dose).No difference in mortality (50% vs 37.5%;p=0.65) or requirement for RRT (67% vs 25%; p=0.135) was observed between high-dose and conventional dose groups.UOP was lowest in the high-dose furosemide group and remained low compared to conventional dose furosemide and control groups. Patients in the conventional dose furosemide group achieved negative fluid balance the fastest. Conclusions: Administration of furosemide during periods of AKI or ARF does not improve survival, renal recovery rate or requirement for RRT. In fact, exposure to furosemide was associated with longer PICU stay and renal disease progression.
Chronic Graft-Versus-Host in Ig Knockin Transgenic Mice Abrogates B Cell Tolerance in Anti-Double-Stranded DNA B Cells (2002)

Anti-dsDNA Abs are specific diagnostic markers of systemic lupus erythematosus, and are also implicated in kidney pathology. Anti-dsDNA B cells have been shown to be tolerized in nonautoimmune mice. The immunodysregulation that causes these cells to break tolerance is presumably part of the fundamental defects in systemic lupus erythematosus. To explore these mechanisms, we used the chronic graft-versus-host model mediated by MHC class II differences. Induction of chronic graft-vs-host in anti-DNA H chain knockin (3H9.KI) transgenic mice on a nonautoimmune background resulted in specific activation of anti-dsDNA B cells, as evidenced by high titers of soluble Ab in sera and a high frequency (70%) of anti-dsDNA B cell clones recovered as hybridomas. In addition, the lambda(+)-anti-dsDNA B cells developed increased expression of cell surface activation markers, and concentrated in the T cell area of the follicle with an Ab-forming cell-compatible phenotype. Genetic analysis of the hybridoma clones showed strong evidence of secondary rearrangements of the L chain associated with anti-dsDNA reactivity. Thus, our study indicates that alloreactive T cell help can break tolerance in a complex manner, involving several events.
Alternating droplet generation and controlled dynamic droplet fusion in microfluidic device for CdS nanoparticle synthesis (2006)

A multifunctional and high-efficiency microfluidic device for droplet generation and fusion is presented. Through unique design of the micro-channels, the device is able to alternately generate droplets, generating droplet ratios ranging from 1 ratio 5 to 5 ratio 1, and fuse droplets, enabling precise chemical reactions in several picoliters on a single chip. The controlled fusion is managed by passive control based on the channel geometry and liquid phase flow. The synthesis of CdS nanoparticles utilizing each fused droplet as a microreactor for rapid and efficient mixing of reagents is demonstrated in this paper. Following alternating droplet generation, the channel geometry allows the exclusive fusion of alternate droplets with concomitant rapid mixing and produces supersaturated solution of Cd2+ and S2- ions to form CdS nanoparticles in each fused droplet. The spectroscopic properties of the CdS nanoparticles produced by this method are compared with CdS prepared by bulk mixing.
Performance characterization of a Quad Pentium Pro SMP using OLTP workloads (1998)

Commercial applications are an important, yet often overlooked, workload with significantly different characteristics from technical workloads. The potential impact of these differences is that computers optimized for technical workloads may not provide good performance for commercial applications, and these applications may not fully exploit advances in processor design. To evaluate these issues, we use hardware counters to measure architectural features of a four-processor Pentium Pro-based server running a TPC-C-like workload on an Informix database. We examine the effectiveness of out-of-order execution, branch prediction, speculative execution, superscalar issue and retire, caching and multiprocessor scaling. We find that out-of-order execution, superscalar issue and retire, and branch prediction are not as effective for database workloads as they are for technical workloads, such as SPEC. We find that caches are effective at reducing processor traffic to memory; even larger caches would be helpful to satisfy more data requests. Multiprocessor scaling of this workload is good, but even modest bus utilization degrades application memory latency, limiting database throughput.
A case–control study comparing the incidence of early symptoms in pancreatic and biliary tract cancer (2014)

PDAC and BTC are associated with numerous early alarm symptoms. CDSTs are therefore likely to be useful in identifying these tumours at an early stage. Inclusion of unique symptoms, symptoms with an early onset and routinely performed blood tests is likely to further improve the sensitivity of these tools.
The “Reverse-Tethered” Ruthenium (II) Catalyst for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation:  Further Applications (2006)

The attachment of a tethering group from the basic nitrogen atom to the arene ligand of a ruthenium(II) catalyst greatly improves its ability to catalyze asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) reactions. In this paper, we describe further applications of this versatile system to an extended substrate range.