gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Identification of Tri-n-octylphosphine Oxide (TOPO) Impurities and Elucidation of Their Roles in Cadmium Selenide Quantum-Wire Growth (2009)

Tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) is the most commonly used solvent for the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals. Here we show that the use of different batches of commercially obtained TOPO solvent introduces significant variability into the outcomes of CdSe quantum-wire syntheses. This irreproducibility is attributed to varying amounts of phosphorus-containing impurities in the different TOPO batches. We employ (31)P NMR to identify 10 of the common TOPO impurities. Their beneficial, harmful, or negligible effects on quantum-wire growth are determined. The impurity di-n-octylphosphinic acid (DOPA) is found to be the important beneficial TOPO impurity for the reproducible growth of high-quality CdSe quantum wires. DOPA is shown to beneficially modify precursor reactivity through ligand substitution. The other significant TOPO impurities are ranked according to their abilities to similarly influence precursor reactivity. The results are likely of general relevance to most nanocrystal syntheses conducted in TOPO.
Nanocomposites Derived from Phenol-Functionalized Si Nanoparticles for High Performance Lithium Ion Battery Anodes (2008)

Carbon-encapsulated Si nanoparticles were formed by carbonizing a resorcinol−formaldehyde gel polymerized in the presence of phenol-functionalized Si particles. These encapsulated Si showed higher reversible charge capacity and Coulombic efficiency for use as lithium ion battery anode than samples prepared with Si nanoparticles without phenol functionalization.
Executive Commentary (1994)

The article presents a commentary on the paper ‘Environmental Leadership: From Compliance to Competitive Advantage,‘ by Kathleen Dechant and Barbara Altman. The author says the environmental concerns of firms are directly related to the growing acknowledgement of the social responsibility of business. He notes that U.S. business schools have shown little awareness of ecological theory or practice. The author contends that it is important for business education to respond to the environmental impacts caused by globalization and industrialization.
Structural Requirements of Heparan Sulfate for the Binding to the Tumor-derived Adhesion Factor/Angiomodulin That Induces Cord-like Structures to ECV-304 Human Carcinoma Cells (2000)

Tumor-derived adhesion factor/angiomodulin (AGM) is accumulated in tumor blood vessels and on the endothelial cell surface (Akaogi, K., Okabe, Y., Sato, J., Nagashima, Y., Yasumitsu, H., Sugahara, K., and Miyazaki, K. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93, 8384-8389). In cell culture, it promotes cell adhesion and morphological changes to form cord-like structures of the human bladder carcinoma cell line ECV-304. The cord formation is prevented by heparin, which inhibits the binding of AGM to ECV-304 cells. This observation suggests that AGM interacts with cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans. In this study, HS glycosaminoglycans and core proteins of integral transmembrane proteoglycans, syndecan-1 and -4, were identified by immunocytochemistry on ECV-304 cells, and the structural requirements for the interaction of HS with AGM were characterized. Inhibition experiments with sulfated polysaccharides and chemically modified heparin derivatives indicated that sulfate groups were essential for both AGM-HS binding and cord-like structure formation and that the rank order of the different sulfate groups in terms of their contribution was N-sulfate > 6-O-sulfate > 2-O-sulfate. The minimum size of heparin, a chemical analog of HS, required for the binding to AGM was a dodecasaccharide as determined by competition experiments using size-defined heparin oligosaccharides. Thus, a specific sulfation pattern in the HS of cell surface syndecans of ECV-304 cells is required for AGM binding and the morphological changes.
<title>Mobile robot localization with sparse landmarks</title> (2002)

This paper describes a mobile robot system designed to explore and map an indoor area such as is encountered in urban search and rescue mock-ups. The robot uses homogeneous artificial landmarks deployed during exploration for localization as it constructs a map, determining landmark distance and bearing with groundplane calculations from a single camera and using Kalman filtering techniques to perform localization. When implemented on a Magellan II mobile robot, the localization technique correctly localized the robot while exploring and mapping.
Markers of increased risk for failure of adjuvant therapies (2003)

Mortality from breast cancer has been declining in the Western World since 1985. Arguably, widespread application of effective adjuvant systemic therapy has been a considerable contributing factor. Data from individual trials and the Oxford Overview Meta-analyses demonstrate that both endocrine and chemotherapy are associated with significant and substantive proportional reductions in annual hazard rates of relapse and death. These statistics raise the question: Should all patients be treated with all therapies in order to ensure an ongoing sharp decline in breast cancer mortality? The answer to this question depends on the perspectives of the patient, her caregiver, and her society towards the relative toxicities and benefits of therapy. If a patient is willing to accept toxicities for any benefit, then the answer is yes. However, if a woman is willing to forego some benefit to avoid the toxicities of therapy, then the clinician should carefully use well-validated prognostic and predictive factors to help the patient select her most acceptable treatment plan.
Mitochondrial DNA in Tumor Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis: Role of Horizontal mtDNA Transfer (2015)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), encoding 13 out of more than 1,000 proteins of the mitochondrial proteome, is of paramount importance for the bioenergetic machinery of oxidative phosphorylation that is required for tumor initiation, propagation, and metastasis. In stark contrast to the widely held view that mitochondria and mtDNA are retained and propagated within somatic cells of higher organisms, recent in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrates that mitochondria move between mammalian cells. This is particularly evident in cancer where defective mitochondrial respiration can be restored and tumor-forming ability regained by mitochondrial acquisition. This paradigm shift in cancer cell biology and mitochondrial genetics, concerning mitochondrial movement between cells to meet bioenergetic needs, not only adds another layer of plasticity to the armory of cancer cells to correct damaged mitochondria, but also points to potentially new therapeutic approaches.
A randomised controlled trial to compare opt-in and opt-out parental consent for childhood vaccine safety surveillance using data linkage: study protocol (2011)

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000332022.
AZD9291 in epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer. (2016)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in advanced EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer have an objective response rate (ORR) of approximately 60-70% and a median progression free-survival (PFS) of approximately 10-13 months. Studies of tumor biopsies performed after progression on EGFR TKI revealed that 50-60% of EGFR mutant NSCLC developed an EGFR exon 20 T790M mutation as a mechanism of acquired resistance. AZD9291 is a third generation irreversible EGFR TKI with activity against the activating EGFR mutation, the T790M acquired resistance mutation, and relative sparing of the wild-type EGFR. AZD9291 was investigated in a phase I trial with expansion cohorts in patients with disease progression after EGFR TKI. Patients with and without detectable T790M mutations were enrolled in the trial. The ORR in patients with centrally confirmed and without detectable T790M mutations was 61% (95% CI, 52-70%) and 21% (95% CI, 12-34%), respectively. The PFS observed in patients with centrally confirmed and without detectable T790M mutations was 9.6 months (95% CI, 8.3 to not reached) and 2.8 months (95% CI, 2.1-4.3 months), respectively. At the dose for further investigation, 80 mg daily, the rate of all grade 3-5 drug related adverse events was 11%, and the rates of grade 3 diarrhea and rash were 1% and 0%, respectively. The identification of the T790M resistance mutation and the subsequent development of an agent against the mechanism of resistance provide a template for future drug development for acquired resistance to targeted therapy.
CUDC-305, a Novel Synthetic HSP90 Inhibitor with Unique Pharmacologic Properties for Cancer Therapy (2009)

CUDC-305 is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of a variety of cancers, including brain malignancies.
Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA): A prodrug target for prostate cancer (2004)

626 PSMA, a 100kDa type II membrane glycoprotein possesses a number of characteristics that make it a suitable candidate for prostate cancer specific therapy. PSMA expression is highly restricted to prostate tissue with strongest expression in both primary and metastatic prostate cancers and PSMA expression is upregulated upon androgen withdrawal. The extracellular domain of PSMA is accessible to agents in the extracellular peri-tumoral fluid thus making it possible to target prodrugs for enzymatic activation. Two discrete enzymatic functions for PSMA have been described. PSMA harbors the hydrolytic properties of N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase ( NAALADase) and is able to hydrolyze the neuropeptide N-acetyl-aspartyl-l-glutamate (NAAG). In addition, PSMA also functions as a pteroyl poly-gamma-glutamyl carboxypeptidase (folate hydrolase) and is able to progressively hydrolyze gamma glutamyl linkages of both poly gamma glutamated folates and methotrexate analogs with varying length glutamate chains. In order to develop prodrugs that can be activated within prostate cancers by PSMA’s enzymatic activity, a PSMA specific peptide carrier is required. In the present study a number of peptide substrates in which the amino acid portion consisted primarily of alpha or gamma carboxyl linked glutamic and or aspartic acids of various chain lengths were coupled to the amino terminus of 8-O-(12Aminododecanoyl)-8-O-debutanoylthapsigargin (12ADT), a potent thaspigargin (Tg) analog. Tg is a highly potent natural plant product that induces proliferation independent apoptosis in all cell types. To selectively and efficiently deliver this anti-tumoral effect to sites of prostatic cancer, prodrugs that were activated within prostate cancer by PSMA’s enzymatic activity were developed. These substrates were characterized on the basis of rates of PSMA hydrolysis and stability in human plasma. All substrates were hydrolyzed by PSMA to varying extents and stable in human plasma. Some of the synthesized 12ADT prodrugs were selectively toxic to PSMA expressing human prostate cancer cell lines. Efforts are underway to test lead therapeutic prodrugs in animal models against PSMA-producing prostate cancer xenografts. The aforementioned prodrug candidates that are especially activated by PSMA represent a novel therapy that could be given to men with prostate cancer while avoiding significant systemic toxicity.
Stability of Morphine in Aqueous Solution 1. Formulation of Stable Morphine Solution (1960)

Journal Article Stability of Morphine in Aqueous Solution 1. Formulation of Stable Morphine Solution Get access Shu-Yuan Yeh, Ph.D., Shu-Yuan Yeh, Ph.D. Research Associate College of Medicine, State University of Iowa, Iowa City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John L. Lach, Ph.D. John L. Lach, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Pharmacy State University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 17, Issue 2, 1 February 1960, Pages 101–103, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/17.2.101 Published: 01 February 1960
The production of a bispecific anti-CEA, anti-hapten (4-amino-phthalate) hybrid-hybridoma. (1991)

A standard hybridoma fusion technique was used to produce a monoclonal antibody capable of binding both carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the hapten 4-amino-phthalate. A hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) sensitive anti-CEA hybridoma and KLH-phthalate immunized spleen cells were hybridized to yield clones producing bispecific monoclonal antibodies. The desired bispecific antibody was identified using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radio-immunoassay. The resultant hybrid-hybridoma or "tridoma" was subcloned and expanded to yield a stable population. Bifunctional antibody was then isolated from the various possible recombinants by ion exchange chromatography. This general method may be used to produce bispecific monoclonals against a wide variety of tumor associative antigens and reagents for immunodetection or treatment.
Universal barrier to lateral spread of specific genes among microorganisms (1994)

A genetic circuit to suppress the lateral spread of cloned genes from recombinant to indigenous microorganisms in the environment has been developed. It is based on the endonucleolytic activity of the bacterial toxin colicin E3, which has a distinct target at the 3' end of the 16S ribosomal RNA; this sequence is conserved in virtually all prokaryotic and many eukaryotic genera. Cleavage at this sequence separates the mRNA binding sites from the remainder of the 16S rRNA, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. While host bacteria carrying the genes for both colicin production and colicin immunity are perfectly viable, lateral transfer of the E3 gene to non-immune recipients results in killing of such recipients. This genetic circuit decreases operational transfer frequencies of cloned genes linked to the E3 gene among a variety of bacterial genera by four to five orders of magnitude. In combination with transposon cloning vectors, the circuit is predicted to reduce the rate of lateral spread of specific genes to ecologically insignificant levels. This system therefore represents a useful tool both to explore the evolutionary and ecological consequences of experimentally reducing lateral gene spread among microorganisms, and to increase the ecological predictability of novel recombinant microorganisms.
Space-time-frequency coded OFDM over frequency-selective fading channels (2002)

This paper proposes novel space-time-frequency (STF) coding for multi-antenna orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions over frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels. Incorporating subchannel grouping and choosing appropriate system parameters, we first convert our system into a set of group STF (GSTF) systems. This enables simplification of STF coding within each GSTF system. We derive design criteria for STF coding and exploit existing ST coding techniques to construct both STF block and trellis codes. The resulting codes are shown to be capable of achieving maximum diversity and coding gains, while affording low-complexity decoding. The performance merits of our design are confirmed by corroborating simulations and compared with existing alternatives.
A high-light sensitivity optical neural silencer: development, and application to optogenetic control of nonhuman primate cortex (2011)

Technologies for silencing the electrical activity of genetically-targeted neurons in the brain are important for assessing the contribution of specific cell types and pathways towards behaviors and pathologies. Recently we found that archaerhodopsin-3 from Halorubrum sodomense (Arch), a light-driven outward proton pump, when genetically expressed in neurons, enables them to be powerfully, transiently, and repeatedly silenced in response to pulses of light. Because of the impressive characteristics of Arch, we explored the optogenetic utility of opsins with high sequence homology to Arch, from archaea of the Halorubrum genus. We found that the archaerhodopsin from Halorubrum strain TP009, which we named ArchT, could mediate photocurrents of similar maximum amplitude to those of Arch (~900 pA), but with a &gt;3-fold improvement in light sensitivity over Arch, equating to &gt;2x increase in brain tissue volume addressed by a typical single optical fiber (notably, in the typical optogenetic range of 1-10 mW/mm2). Upon expression in mouse or rhesus macaque cortical neurons, ArchT expressed well on neuronal membranes, including excellent trafficking for long distances down neuronal axons. The high light sensitivity prompted us to explore ArchT function in the cortex of the rhesus macaque. Optical perturbation of ArchT-expressing neurons in the brain of an awake rhesus macaque resulted in a rapid and complete (~100%) silencing of most recorded cells, with suppressed cells achieving a median firing rate of 0 spikes/sec upon illumination. A small population of neurons showed increased firing rates at long latencies following light stimulation, suggesting the existence of a mechanism of network-level neural activity balancing. The powerful net suppression of activity suggests that ArchT silencing technology might be of great use not only in the causal analysis of neural circuits, but may have therapeutic applications.
Glycine Residues Provide Flexibility for Enzyme Active Sites (1997)

The high resolution refined structures of 23 enzymes were analyzed to determine the properties of amino acids involved in active site regions. These regions were found to be rich in G-X-Y or Y-X-G oligopeptides, where X and Y are polar and non-polar residues, respectively, that are small and with low polarity. Other regions of the enzyme molecules have significantly fewer of these sequences. These features suggest that glycine residues may provide flexibility necessary for enzyme active sites to change conformation, and the G-X-Y or Y-X-G oligopeptides may be a motif for the formation of enzyme active sites.
Transcriptome analysis of different multidrug-resistant gastric carcinoma cells. (2005)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) of human cancers is the major cause of failure of chemotherapy. To better understand the molecular events associated with the development of different types of MDR, two different multidrug-resistant gastric carcinoma cell lines, the MDR1/P-glycoprotein-expressing cell line EPG85-257RDB and the MDR1/P-glycoprotein-negative cell variant EPG85-257RNOV, as well as the corresponding drug-sensitive parental cell line EPG85-257P, were used for analyses of the mRNA expression profiles by cDNA array hybridization. Of more than 12,000 genes spotted on the arrays, 156 genes were detected as being significantly regulated in the cell line EPG85-257RDB in comparison to the non-resistant cell variant, and 61 genes were found to be differentially expressed in the cell line EPG85-257RNOV Seventeen genes showed a differential expression level in both multidrug-resistant gastric carcinoma variants. The impact of these alterations in gene expression levels in different multidrug-resistant gastric carcinoma cell variants is discussed.
Bitter Taste Receptors for Saccharin and Acesulfame K (2004)

Weight-conscious subjects and diabetics use the sulfonyl amide sweeteners saccharin and acesulfame K to reduce their calorie and sugar intake. However, the intrinsic bitter aftertaste, which is caused by unknown mechanisms, limits the use of these sweeteners. Here, we show by functional expression experiments in human embryonic kidney cells that saccharin and acesulfame K activate two members of the human TAS2R family (hTAS2R43 and hTAS2R44) at concentrations known to stimulate bitter taste. These receptors are expressed in tongue taste papillae. Moreover, the sweet inhibitor lactisole did not block the responses of cells transfected with TAS2R43 and TAS2R44, whereas it did block the response of cells expressing the sweet taste receptor heteromer hTAS1R2-hTAS1R3. The two receptors were also activated by nanomolar concentrations of aristolochic acid, a purely bitter-tasting compound. Thus, hTAS2R43 and hTAS2R44 function as cognate bitter taste receptors and do not contribute to the sweet taste of saccharin and acesulfame K. Consistent with the in vitro data, cross-adaptation studies in human subjects also support the existence of common receptors for both sulfonyl amide sweeteners.
In vitro model for the study of human posterior capsule opacification (2003)

Results show that the lens holder model is a more physiological method for supporting the capsule and is a robust, reproducible system for the study of LEC migration and proliferation. It allows visualization within the entire capsular bag. Intraocular lenses can be implanted in this system in a way that more closely resembles the in vivo scenario. This model can be used to evaluate therapeutic measures to prevent PCO.
Orally administered extract fromPrunella vulgarisattenuates spontaneous colitis in mdr1a-/-mice (2015)

The anti-inflammatory activity of P. vulgaris ethanolic extract effectively attenuated the severity of intestinal inflammation in mdr1a(-/-) mice.
A multilocus sequence typing scheme for Streptococcus pneumoniae: identification of clones associated with serious invasive disease (1998)

The population biology of Streptococcus pneumoniae is poorly understood. Most of the important issues could be addressed by the molecular characterization of large, well sampled populations from carriage and from the different manifestations of pneumococcal disease. The authors have therefore developed a pneumococcal multilocus sequence typing scheme and database by sequencing approximately 450 bp fragments of seven housekeeping loci from 295 isolates. The combination of alleles at the seven loci provided an allelic profile, or sequence type (ST), and the relatedness between isolates was obtained by constructing a dendrogram from the matrix of pairwise differences between STs. The typing scheme was validated using pneumococci of known genetic relatedness and could resolve >6 billion STs. Among 274 isolates from recent cases of invasive pneumococcal disease in eight countries, 143 STs were resolved, but 12 STs contained at least five isolates (range 5-21 isolates). The repeated recovery of indistinguishable isolates from invasive disease in different countries implies that these STs define strains with an increased capacity to cause invasive disease. The relationship between STs and serotypes suggested that, in the longer term, capsular genes have been distributed horizontally within the pneumococcal population, but in the short term, expansion of clones occurs with only occasional changes of serotype. The multilocus sequence typing scheme provides a powerful new approach to the characterization of pneumococci, since it provides molecular typing data that are electronically portable between laboratories, and which can be used to probe aspects of the population and evolutionary biology of these organisms. A Web site for the molecular characterization of pneumococci by MLST is available (http ://mlst.zoo.ox.ac.uk).
Vasoflux, a New Anticoagulant With a Novel Mechanism of Action (1999)

Vasoflux is more effective than heparin and LMWH because it inactivates fibrin-bound thrombin and is superior to hirudin and dermatan sulfate because it also blocks factor Xa generation.