gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cell cultures for rapid isolation of enteroviruses (1988)

Cell culture isolation is still the most reliable method for the detection of enteroviruses from clinical specimens. Rapid diagnosis of enterovirus infection affects patient management. To increase yield and enhance the rapidity of enterovirus isolation in cell cultures, we used Buffalo green monkey kidney (BGM) cells and subpassages of primary human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells in addition to the human diploid fibroblast (MRC-5) cells and primary cynomolgus or rhesus monkey kidney (MK) cells routinely used for enterovirus culturing. Growth characteristics of enteroviruses from 421 specimens were studied. All specimens were cultured in MRC-5, MK, and BGM cells, and 204 of these specimens were also cultured in HEK cells. Forty-two percent of the enteroviruses became positive within 3 days, and 85% did so within 7 days. MRC-5 cells provided the highest yield of enteroviruses overall and were the best cell type for the recovery of poliovirus and echovirus. MK cells provided the second best yield but were more useful than MRC-5 cells for coxsackievirus. BGM cells supported the growth of additional isolates of coxsackievirus and enhanced the speed of isolation. HEK cells supported the growth of additional isolates of both coxsackievirus and echovirus, but subculturing was always required for definite enterovirus cytopathic effects. The recovery rate increased 11% when two additional cell lines were used. The use of two tubes of MK cells significantly increased the yield of all enterovirus types. We conclude that the use of multiple appropriate cell lines increases yield and enhances the rapidity of enterovirus isolation.
Integrated structures of duck hepatitis B virus DNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (1988)

The structure of integrated viral DNA in a hepatocellular carcinoma of a duck from Chi-tung county in China was analyzed. Three different clones of integrated viral DNA, lambda DHS 6-1, lambda DHS 6-2, and lambda DHE 6-2, were obtained from the neoplastic portion of the liver by molecular cloning. One of the three clones, lambda DHS 6-1, showed inverted repetition of integrated viral DNA with chromosomal flanking sequences. Another clone, lambda DHS 6-2, showed a head-to-head configuration of the core and surface gene regions of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) DNA. The virus-chromosome junctions were often located near direct repeat 1 or 2 of DHBV DNA in three independent clones. Nucleotide sequences at the virus-virus junctions in two clones, lambda DHS 6-1 and 6-2, indicated the possible rearrangement of chromosomal DNA and recombination of viral DNA. DHBV DNA appears to be integrated into the genome of hepatocytes in a manner similar to that of human and woodchuck hepatitis viruses. Thus, the duck system may serve as a useful animal model for the study of human hepatocarcinogenesis.
Observation of High Coherence in Josephson Junction Qubits Measured in a Three-Dimensional Circuit QED Architecture (2011)

Superconducting quantum circuits based on Josephson junctions have made rapid progress in demonstrating quantum behavior and scalability. However, the future prospects ultimately depend upon the intrinsic coherence of Josephson junctions, and whether superconducting qubits can be adequately isolated from their environment. We introduce a new architecture for superconducting quantum circuits employing a three-dimensional resonator that suppresses qubit decoherence while maintaining sufficient coupling to the control signal. With the new architecture, we demonstrate that Josephson junction qubits are highly coherent, with T2 ∼ 10 to 20 μs without the use of spin echo, and highly stable, showing no evidence for 1/f critical current noise. These results suggest that the overall quality of Josephson junctions in these qubits will allow error rates of a few 10(-4), approaching the error correction threshold.
Single‐institution experience with ipilimumab in advanced melanoma patients in the compassionate use setting (2010)

: The results confirm that ipilimumab is clinically active in patients with advanced refractory melanoma. The ALC after 2 ipilimumab treatments appears to correlate with clinical benefit and OS, and should be prospectively validated. Cancer 2010. (c) 2010 American Cancer Society.
Germline Polymorphisms in RNF31 Regulate Linear Ubiquitination and Oncogenic Signaling (2014)

A new study proposes that the cancerous behavior of B cells in a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is caused by excessive activity of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) complex, which underlies abnormal NF-κB signaling. Two rare germline single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the RNF31 gene have been identified as being responsible. The use of a small inhibiting peptide may downregulate the abnormal LUBAC activity and counteract neoplastic cell growth.
Atrial natriuretic factor during fetal and postnatal life: a review. (1989)

This review summarizes current understanding of the role of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) during fetal and postnatal life. The cardiac localization of ANF synthesis changes during development from ventricular to predominantly atrial cardiocytes. ANF is present as a circulating hormone during fetal life and fetal plasma ANF clearance rates and production rates are higher than in adults. ANF is a natriuretic hormone in fetal and newborn animals. However, unlike the adult, this natriuresis does not appear to be related to suppression of the renin-angiotensin system. During fetal life, ANF levels can be increased through both atrial distension and humoral influences. Hence, mechanisms of ANF release during development appear to be similar to those present at maturity.
Absence of Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein in Individuals with Abetalipoproteinemia (1992)

Abetalipoproteinemia is a human genetic disease that is characterized by a defect in the assembly or secretion of plasma very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons. The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), which is located in the lumen of microsomes isolated from the liver and intestine, has been proposed to function in lipoprotein assembly. MTP activity and the 88-kilodalton component of MTP were present in intestinal biopsy samples from eight control individuals but were absent in four abetalipoproteinemic subjects. This finding suggests that a defect in MTP is the basis for abetalipoproteinemia and that MTP is indeed required for lipoprotein assembly.
MMConf: an infrastructure for building shared multimedia applications (1990)

Article Free Access Share on MMConf: an infrastructure for building shared multimedia applications Authors: Terrence Crowley Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MA Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Paul Milazzo Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MA Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Ellie Baker Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MA Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Harry Forsdick Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MA Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Raymond Tomlinson Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MA Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims CSCW '90: Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative workSeptember 1990 Pages 329–342https://doi.org/10.1145/99332.99365Published:01 September 1990Publication History 139citation937DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations139Total Downloads937Last 12 Months49Last 6 weeks7 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between nifedipine and propranolol or betaxolol. (1986)

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between nifedipine and two beta-blocking agents were investigated. Eighty mg propranolol twice daily, and 20 mg betaxolol once daily, were randomly administered orally to six young healthy male volunteers, either singly for four days, or combined with nifedipine for the two subsequent days. Nifedipine had similar effects on the pharmacodynamics of both drugs. Nifedipine significantly enhanced propranolol bioavailability and Cmax, but reduced its tmax, in three out of six subjects who were also good absorbers of beta-blockers when taken alone. These effects might be due to enhanced intestinal absorption and/or enhanced first-pass effect, induced by nifedipine.
Deregulation of c-myc gene expression in human colon carcinoma is not accompanied by amplification or rearrangement of the gene. (1985)

The structure and expression of the c-myc oncogene were examined in 29 primary human colon adenocarcinomas. Dot blot hybridization of total RNA showed that 21 tumors (72%) had considerably elevated expression of c-myc (5- to 40-fold) relative to normal colonic mucosa. These data were corroborated by Northern blots of polyadenylated RNA, which showed a 2.3-kilobase transcript. Southern analysis of the c-myc locus in these tumors indicated the absence of amplification or DNA rearrangement in a 35-kilobase region encompassing the gene. In a parallel study, elevated expression of c-myc without amplification or DNA rearrangement was also observed in three of six colon carcinoma cell lines examined; in addition, unlike a normal colon cell line control, these three cell lines exhibited constitutive, high-level expression of the gene during their growth in cultures. These results indicate that elevated expression of the c-myc oncogene occurs frequently in primary human colon carcinomas and that the mechanism involved in the regulation of c-myc expression is altered in tumor-derived cell lines.
Synthesis and Structure of an Iron(III) Sulfide-Ferritin Bioinorganic Nanocomposite (1995)

Amorphous iron sulfide minerals containing either 500 or 3000 iron atoms in each cluster have been synthesized in situ within the nanodimensional cavity of horse spleen ferritin. Iron-57 Mössbauer spectroscopy indicated that most of the iron atoms in the 3000-iron atom cores are trivalent, whereas in the 500-iron atom clusters, approximately 50 percent of the iron atoms are Fe(III), with the remaining atoms having an effective oxidation state of about +2.5. Iron K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure data for the 500-iron atom nanocomposite are consistent with a disordered array of edge-shared FeS(4) tetrahedra, connected by Fe(S)(2)Fe bridges with bond lengths similar to those of the cubane-type motif of iron-sulfur clusters. The approach used here for the controlled synthesis of bioinorganic nanocomposites could be useful for the nanoscale engineering of dispersed materials with biocompatible and bioactive properties.
Two new unsaturated fatty acid ethanolamides in brain that bind to the cannabinoid receptor (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo new unsaturated fatty acid ethanolamides in brain that bind to the cannabinoid receptorLumir Hanus, Asher Gopher, Shlomo Almog, and Raphael MechoulamCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 20, 3032–3034Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00072a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00072a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views593Altmetric-Citations258LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Automatic segmentation of seven retinal layers in SDOCT images congruent with expert manual segmentation (2010)

Segmentation of anatomical and pathological structures in ophthalmic images is crucial for the diagnosis and study of ocular diseases. However, manual segmentation is often a time-consuming and subjective process. This paper presents an automatic approach for segmenting retinal layers in Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography images using graph theory and dynamic programming. Results show that this method accurately segments eight retinal layer boundaries in normal adult eyes more closely to an expert grader as compared to a second expert grader.
The density advantage of configurable computing (2000)

More and more, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are accelerating computing applications. The absolute performance achieved by these configurable machines has been impressive-often one to two orders of magnitude greater than processor-based alternatives. Configurable computing is one of the fastest, most economical ways to solve problems such as RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adelman) decryption, DNA sequence matching, signal processing, emulation, and cryptographic attacks. But questions remain as to why FPGAs have been so much more successful than their microprocessor and DSP counterparts. Do FPGA architectures have inherent advantages? Or are these examples just flukes of technology and market pricing? Will advantages increase, decrease, or remain the same as technology advances? Is there some generalization that accounts for the advantages in these cases? The author attempts to answer these questions and to see how configurable computing fits into the arsenal of structures used to build general, programmable computing platforms.
Single-platform quality control assay to quantify multipotential stromal cells in bone marrow aspirates prior to bulk manufacture or direct therapeutic use (2012)

Absolute quantification of CD45(-/low) CD271(bright) cells was found to be a reliable method of predicting CFU-F yields in BM aspirates. This rapid (< 40 min) procedure could be suitable for intra-operative quality control of BM aspirates prior to volume reduction/direct injection in orthopedics. In the production of culture-expanded MSC, this assay could be used to exclude samples containing low numbers of MSC, resulting in improved consistency and quality of manufactured MSC batches.
Digitally-Enhanced Phase-Locking Circuits (2007)

In this paper, we present an overview of digital techniques that can overcome the drawbacks of analog phase-looked loops (PLLs) implemented in deep-submicron CMOS processes. The design of key building blocks of digital PLLs such as the time-to-digital converter and digital-to-frequency converters are discussed in detail. The implementation and measured results of two digital PLL architectures, (1) based on a digitally controlled oscillator and (2) based on a digital phase accumulator, are presented. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of using digital PLLs in digital systems requiring high-performance PLLs.
Feedback regulation of collagen gene expression: a Trojan horse approach. (1991)

The mechanisms involved in feedback regulation of type I procollagen synthesis by the N-terminal propeptide of the pro alpha 1(I) chain, termed Col 1, are poorly understood. We have constructed a metallothionein-human collagen chimeric minigene (pMTCol) that codes for a Col 1 fusion protein but lacks a signal peptide sequence and, therefore, would be expected to direct the synthesis of the fusion protein to the cytosol. Baby hamster kidney cells and fetal calf ligament cells, transfected with pMTCol, transcribed the gene and synthesized an intracellular antigen that was identified as the fusion protein with a monospecific antibody. Transfected fetal calf ligament fibroblasts showed significantly reduced levels of endogenously produced type I collagen, as determined by imaging and digital quantitation of immunofluorescence by confocal microscopy; synthesis of fibronectin, thrombospondin, and SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine) was unchanged or increased in these cells. This recombinant approach offers the potential for a systematic analysis of feedback regulation of collagen synthesis.
Molecular Design and Biological Potential of Galacto-Type Trehalose as a Nonnatural Ligand of Shiga Toxins (2002)

Galacto-type trehalose, a "C-4 epimer of trehalose", possesses a stereochemical structure around the alpha(1-1)-linkage analogous to that of the globobiosyl alpha(1-4)-linkage in Gb(2) and Gb(3) ceramides, which are known as the ligands of Shiga toxins produced by pathogenic E. coli. This paper presents evidence supporting the new idea of using a trehalosyl alpha(1-1)-linkage as a substitute for the galactobiosyl alpha(1-4)-linkage.
Naltrexone in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: an Open- Label Trial (2007)

: Objective: In spite of introduction of novel drugs, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has still found no suitable treatment. On the other hand, high rates of co-morbidity of OCD with bipolar spectrum disorders are increasingly recognized. Mood switching and development of rapid cycling with antidepressants are significant problems in these patients. From this viewpoint, introducing a non-antidepressant anti-OCD drug has great theoretical and clinical importance. In this open-label clinical trial we evaluated the effects of naltrexone on OCD symptoms Method: In this study, 23 OCD outpatients treated with a fixed dose of clomipramie, fluoxetine, or both, for at least 3 months before trial underwent treatment with naltrexone, 25 to 100 milligrams a day as adjunctive treatment. Change in symptoms was evaluated by Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), Persian version, administered at baseline and at the end of the 2 months trial. Results: Seven patients dropped out of the study before the end of the 2 months: 4 patients for non-response and 3 patients for intolerable side effects. Sixteen patients, 9 females and 7 males, completed the study. The most frequent co-morbid disorders found in these patients were bipolar spectrum disorders (68.7%). Non-parametric (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test) and parametric (paired t-test) analyses both showed significant reductions in YBOCS ratings after naltrexone treatment (P<0.001). Two patients remained symptom free over 6 months after discontinuation of all medications Conclusion: Although small sample size and open design of the trial make the results tentative, it appears that naltrexone may be effective on at least certain subgroups of OCD patients, especially those with both OCD and bipolar spectrum disorders. Long-term effects of the drug after discontinuation should be addressed in future double-blind studies.
oto is a homeotic locus with a role in anteroposterior development that is partially redundant with Lim1 (1999)

Genetic control of mammalian head development involves mechanisms that are shared with trunk development as well as mechanisms that are independent. For example, mutations in the nodal gene disrupt axis formation and head development while mutations in the Otx2 or Lim1 genes block head development without disrupting development of the trunk. We show here that the oto mutation on mouse chromosome 1 defines a locus with a critical role in anterior development. The oto mutation disrupts development of the telencephalic and optic vesicles, the pharyngeal endoderm and the first branchial arch. Also, oto embryos have dose-dependent, posterior homeotic transformations throughout the axial skeleton. To further dissect the role of the oto locus in head development, we crossed mice carrying oto and Lim1 mutations. Interactions between the two mutations indicate that the role of oto in the regulation of head development is partially redundant with that of Lim1. The phenotype of oto embryos points to an early and critical role for oto in the development of forebrain subregions. Transformations of the vertebrae in oto embryos reveal a Lim1-independent role in the establishment of positional information in the trunk.
lac: The Genetic System (1980)

INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with the methods and tools used for genetic analysis of the lac 1 operon. The specific problems which arise in the genetic analysis of this system are, in many cases, similar to those encountered in other genetic regulatory units. Therefore, the solutions to these problems can provide a methodology applicable to at least certain of these other systems. The generality of the techniques and approach will be evaluated in this chapter. A more direct application of these techniques derives from the existence of strains in which the lac genes are fused to other bacterial operons, such as the trp and purE operons (Beckwith et al. 1966; Jacob et al. 1965). Since, in such strains, the lac genes are now part of the other operon, nearly all the methodology used for analysis of lac can be used for that operon (see Bassford et al., this volume). HISTORICAL Most of the major concepts of operon structure, expression, and regulation have come out of the work on the lac operon of Escherichia coli. That lac has generated so many of these ideas is due to several factors: (1) The happy coincidence of Monod and Jacob working in the same institute, thus affording a collaboration between two creative minds in the fields of bacterial physiology and regulation and bacterial genetics. The interplay of these fields has been of obvious importance to the rapid progress in understanding the mechanisms of genetic control. (2) The intuition of Monod, Jacob, and coworkers in formulating...
Highly efficient chemical synthesis of 2′-O-methyloligoribonucleotides and tetrabiotinylated derivatives; novel probes that are resistant to degradation by RNA or DNA specific nucleases (1989)

2'-O-Methyloligoribonucleotides have been synthesised on solid phase from base protected 5'-O-dimethoxytrityl-2'-O-methylribonucleoside-3'-O-(2-cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidites) using 5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-tetrazole as activator. Coupling yields greater than 99% were achieved, as judged by trityl cation release. The preparation of a modified 2'-deoxycytidine building block bearing an N4-(5-trifluoroacetylaminopentyl) spacer is also described. The latter compound enabled the chemical synthesis of 2'-O-methyloligoribonucleotide probes carrying several 5'- terminal biotinylation sites (in general four modified residues were used), which can be conveniently 32P end-labelled enzymatically using polynucleotide kinase. Used in conjunction with streptavidin-containing derivatives, such biotinylated probes have important applications in biochemical purification and electron microscopy of RNA-protein complexes. The 2'-O-methyloligoribonucleotides are completely resistant to degradation by either RNA or DNA specific nucleases. In contrast, nucleases with dual RNA/DNA specificity show a complete spectrum of cleavage rates.