gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human acute myeloid leukemia CD34+/CD38- progenitor cells have decreased sensitivity to chemotherapy and Fas-induced apoptosis, reduced immunogenicity, and impaired dendritic cell transformation capacities. (2000)

The destruction of cells capable of initiating and maintaining leukemia challenges the treatment of human acute myeloid leukemia. Recently, CD34+/CD38- leukemia progenitors have been defined as new leukemia-initiating cells less mature than colony-forming cells. Here we show that CD34+/CD38- leukemia precursors have reduced in vitro sensitivity to daunorubicin, a major drug used in leukemia treatment, in comparison with the CD34+/CD38+ counterpart, and increased expression of multidrug resistance genes (mrp/lrp). These precursors show lower expression of Fas/Fas-L and Fas-induced apoptosis than CD34+/CD38+ blasts. Moreover, the CD34+/CD38- leukemic subpopulation induces a weaker mixed leukocyte reaction of responding T-lymphocytes than the CD34+/CD38+ leukemic counterpart, either in a MHC-unmatched or MHC-matched settings. This weaker immunogenicity could be linked to lower expression on CD34+/CD38- leukemia precursors of major immune response molecules (MHC-DR, LFA-3, B7-1, or B7-2) than CD34+/CD38+ leukemic cells. Nonetheless, the susceptibility of the immature CD38- precursors to cytotoxicity was not different from the sensitivity of the CD38+ counterpart. Finally, CD34+/CD38- leukemia precursors, in contrast with CD38+ precursors, failed, under appropriate conditions, to differentiate into dendritic cells, a central step for antigen recognition. This is to our knowledge the first demonstration that the very immature phenotype of CD34+/CD38- leukemic progenitors confers both chemotherapy resistance and decreased capacities to induce an immune response. Because the susceptibility of the immature leukemia cells as cytotoxic targets is maintained, our data underline the importance of improving the initial steps of leukemia recognition, more particularly by defining optimal conditions of dendritic cell transformation of the very immature hematopoietic precursors.
Modelling spin transfer torque and magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers (2007)

Theoretical models of spin-dependent transport in magnetic spin-valves and tunnel junctions are presented. A general definition of current-induced spin transfer torque (STT) and interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) based on the spin density continuity principle is given. We then present an extension of the Valet and Fert model, based on the Boltzmann description of spin-dependent transport in metallic structures. This model describes STT and IEC in any kind of magnetic metallic multilayer, for any orientation of the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layers. Simulation results show that spin torque and magnetoresistance originate from the same physical effect. In a second step, we model STT and IEC in magnetic tunnel junctions with an amorphous insulator, using the non-equilibrium Keldysh technique. The general features of STT and IEC are described, showing an important asymmetry in STT bias dependence. Moreover, the influence of a layer of impurities in the barrier is investigated and shows an important enhancement of STT and IEC at resonance. Finally, we apply this model to double magnetic tunnel junctions and show that a dramatic enhancement of spin torque can be obtained when the conditions of resonance in the free layer are fulfilled.
Atrial natriuretic peptide is negatively regulated by microRNA-425 (2013)

Numerous common genetic variants have been linked to blood pressure, but no underlying mechanism has been elucidated. Population studies have revealed that the variant rs5068 (A/G) in the 3' untranslated region of NPPA, the gene encoding atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), is associated with blood pressure. We selected individuals on the basis of rs5068 genotype (AG vs. AA) and fed them a low- or high-salt diet for 1 week, after which they were challenged with an intravenous saline infusion. On both diets, before and after saline administration, ANP levels were up to 50% higher in AG individuals than in AA individuals, a difference comparable to the changes induced by high-salt diet or saline infusion. In contrast, B-type natriuretic peptide levels did not differ by rs5068 genotype. We identified a microRNA, miR-425, that is expressed in human atria and ventricles and is predicted to bind the sequence spanning rs5068 for the A, but not the G, allele. miR-425 silenced NPPA mRNA in an allele-specific manner, with the G allele conferring resistance to miR-425. This study identifies miR-425 as a regulator of ANP production, raising the possibility that miR-425 antagonists could be used to treat disorders of salt overload, including hypertension and heart failure.
Prevention of neuronal cell death by neural adhesion molecules L1 and CHL1 (1999)

The effects of L1-Fc and CHL1-Fc fusion proteins on neuronal survival were investigated. Cerebellar granule neurons of mouse and hippocampal neurons of rat embryo undergo apoptosis when cultured in serum-free medium. Treatment with chimeric proteins containing the extracellular domains of the neural adhesion molecules L1 or CHL1 fused to the Fc region of human immunoglobulin significantly enhanced the survival of neurons. Compared to the control, the percentage of surviving neurons increased about 60% and 45% with L1 and CHL1 fusion proteins, respectively. A fusion protein containing the extracellular domain of NCAM had no effect on survival. The L1 and CHL1 fusion proteins were effective both in soluble form or when offered as a substrate, with the maximal effect at about 1 microg/mL. To explore the intracellular events related to the neuronal survival effects of L1-Fc fusion protein, Bcl-2 and c-Jun expression were analyzed by Western blotting. The level of Bcl-2 in cerebellar granule neurons was increased by treatment with L1-Fc at both 1 and 5 days of culture. The level of c-Jun was not significantly affected at the early time point and was reduced by L1-Fc fusion protein after long-term culture. The results demonstrate that the neural adhesion molecule L1 and its relative CHL1 are potential neuronal survival factors for neurons of the central nervous system. Bcl-2 may serve as one of the intracellular mediators of the neuronal survival effects of L1.
Robot Skill Learning: From Reinforcement Learning to Evolution Strategies (2013)

Abstract Policy improvement methods seek to optimize the parameters of a policy with respect to a utility function. Owing to current trends involving searching in parameter space (rather than action space) and using reward-weighted averaging (rather than gradient estimation), reinforcement learning algorithms for policy improvement, e.g. PoWER and PI
Membrane distribution and adsorptive endocytosis by C3b receptors on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (1981)

C3b receptors on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were nonrandomly distributed in small clusters on the plasma membranes of these cells when assessed by indirect immunofluorescence at 0 degree C using monospecific rabbit Fab' or F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-conjugated goat IgG anti-F(ab')2. When PMN were incubated with the bivalent anti-C3b receptor at 37 rather than at 0 degree C, almost no immunofluorescence was observed, which indicates that the C3b receptor-F(ab')2 complexes had been rendered inaccessible to TRITC-IgG anti-F(ab')2. Endocytosis of the anti-C3b receptor ligand was quantitated by measuring the binding 131I-IgG anti-F(ab')2 by PMN that had previously taken up 125I-F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor at 0 and at 37 degree C, respectively. There was a constant 2: 1 molar ratio of anti-F(ab')2 to anti-C3b receptor with PMN that had been incubated with the first antibody at 0 degree C. In contrast, when increments of F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor were taken up by the cells at 37 degree C, there was a dose-related decline in this molar ratio to a minimum of 0.2 molecules of anti-F(ab')2 anti-F(ab')2 bound per molecule of PMN-associated anti-C3b receptor. 125I-F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor taken up by PMN at 37 degree C was also inaccessible to release by proteolytic treatment of the cells with pronase. The rate of endocytosis of 125I-F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor was rapid as the PMN-bound antibody fragment became inaccessible to 131I-IgG anti-F(ab')2 within 10 min during incubation of the cells at 37 degree C. In contrast to these findings, 125I-Fab' anti-C3b receptor that was taken up by PMN at 37 degree C remained accessible to both 131I-IgG anti-F(ab')2 and to proteolytic release by pronase, which suggests that monovalent interaction of ligand with C3b receptors was not sufficient for induction of endocytosis. The requirement for multivalency was also demonstrated using the C3b-OR, the normal ligand for the C3b receptor. 125I-C3b-OR was specifically bound by PMN but remained on the cell receptor. 125I-C3b-OR was specifically bound by PMN but remained on the cell surface, as determined by its accessibility to pronase, unless it was cross-linked with F(ab')2 anti-C3. Although C3b receptors on PMN do not mediate internalization of adsorptive pinocytosis of soluble ligand indicates their potential for the clearance of C3b-bearing immune complexes without recruitment of other cell surface receptors.
Complementarity of Colestipol, Niacin, and Lovastatin in Treatment of Severe Familial Hypercholesterolemia (1987)

Colestipol, lovastatin, and niacin are mutually complementary in treating hypercholesterolemia. This regimen produces reductions in serum cholesterol levels similar to those associated with regression of atheromatous plaques in animal studies.
Sterol-dependent Transactivation of theABC1 Promoter by the Liver X Receptor/Retinoid X Receptor (2000)

Tangier disease, a condition characterized by low levels of high density lipoprotein and cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, is caused by mutations in the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABC1. In cultured macrophages, ABC1 mRNA was induced in an additive fashion by 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol and 9-cis-retinoic acid (9CRA), suggesting induction by nuclear hormone receptors of the liver X receptor (LXR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) family. We cloned the 5'-end of the human ABC1 transcript from cholesterol-loaded THP1 macrophages. When transfected into RAW macrophages, the upstream promoter was induced 7-fold by 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol, 8-fold by 9CRA, and 37-fold by 9CRA and 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol. Furthermore, promoter activity was increased in a sterol-responsive fashion when cotransfected with LXRalpha/RXR or LXRbeta/RXR. Further experiments identified a direct repeat spaced by four nucleotides (from -70 to -55 base pairs) as a binding site for LXRalpha/RXR or LXRbeta/RXR. Mutations in this element abolished the sterol-mediated activation of the promoter. The results show sterol-dependent transactivation of the ABC1 promoter by LXR/RXR and suggest that small molecule agonists of LXR could be useful drugs to reverse foam cell formation and atherogenesis.
TNF alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 production by peripheral blood monocytes in patients with renal cell carcinoma. (2000)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been shown to be immunologically more labile than other types of cancer. In this study, we examined tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production of peripheral blood monocytes in 38 RCC patients. Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by adherence to a plastic dish and cultured with lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours. The culture supernatant was obtained, and the production of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 was measured by ELISA. As a result, TNF alpha and IL-1 beta production was significantly higher in the high stage patients compared to the control subjects and low stage patients. When the patients were divided according to serum C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 production was significantly higher in the CRP-positive patients compared to the control subjects and the CRP-negative patients. Overexpression of these cytokines may therefore induce a hypermetabolic status that may be a cause of malnutrition and cancer cachexia.
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells and monocytes migrate to HIV-Tat RGD and basic peptides (1998)

Our results show that Tat can act as a chemoattractant for dendritic cells, and that both the RGD and basic domains are involved in this response. These same domains attract monocytes. The alpha vbeta3 and beta1 integrins are equally involved in Tat-induced monocyte migration, while the alpha vbeta3 integrin largely mediates the dendritic cell response to Tat.
Über Salze einer grünen und einer violetten Propionatochrombase (1911)

Im Verein mit M. FIEDERER~ hatte der eine von uns (W.) friiher beobachtet, dafs durch Einwirkung von C h r o m s a u r e sowohl auf Eisessig als auf wasserfreie P r o p i o n s a u r e sehr gut kristallisierte Verbindungen entstehen , die gleichzeitig 3und 6 wertiges Chroma enthalten und dadnrch ausgezeichnet sind, dals das 3 wertige Chrom in ihnen durch Ammoniak erst beim Erhitzen gefallt wird.Die Tlntersuchung der ails Eisessig und Chromsaure entstehenden Ver-bindungenS hat dann ergeben, dak sie Chromate einer griinen
Ultrasonic energy in endoscopic surgery (1999)

The Harmonic Scalpel made by Ultracision is a system for endoscopic cutting. The energy source is vibration. The power box is attached to a forceps or blade, and the vibrational frequency of the blade approaches 55,500 cycles/second. This causes a knife-like action of the blade through tissue, with enough heating to create coagulation of small vessels. When this vibration energy is applied to the forceps configuration, coagulation occurs. By rotating the bottom blade of the forceps, the instrument becomes like a pair of scissors, and the tissue can divide. The Harmonic Scalpel allows the operator to cut using a tactile tissue. No smoke is created, only microaromized water droplets which are rapidly absorbed by the peritoneak surface. The instrument is extremely safe in that only tissue which is touched is cut; the energy source cannot travel through air, such as can happen with electrosurgery and laser surgery.
Microscale HPLC Predicts Preparative Performance at Millionfold Scale (2008)

The use of microscale HPLC for piloting the large-scale preparative chromatographic resolution of the enantiomers of a chiral pharmaceutical intermediate is reported with an example of a millionfold scale-up from a 300 μm i.d. column to a 30 cm i.d column. Performance and productivity at scale are accurately predicted by the microscale approach, which consumes only a small fraction of the material typically used for conventional loading studies. These results suggest a great potential for use of microscale HPLC loading studies during early synthetic route investigations, when only a small amount of sample is typically available.
Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO): an ontology for Semantic Web Services (2005)

This paper outlines some of the main issues related to the semantic modeling of Web Services and provides an overview of the Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) - an ontology for Semantic Web Services. The design principles of this ontology are highlighted and a short description of the top-level elements is given. The conceptual model summarized in this paper represents the foundation for Semantic Web Services from the viewpoint of the Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) Working Group.
Syntheses of potential antimetabolites. XV. Syntheses of a sulfonate analog of adenosine 5'-phosphate and an alternative synthesis of 5',8-S-anhydroadenine nucleosides and 5'-deoxyspongoadenosine and its isomers (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of potential antimetabolites. XV. Syntheses of a sulfonate analog of adenosine 5'-phosphate and an alternative synthesis of 5',8-S-anhydroadenine nucleosides and 5'-deoxyspongoadenosine and its isomersYoshihisa Mizuno, Chisato Kaneko, and Yuji OikawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 10, 1440–1444Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00926a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00926a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Possible anticodon sequences of tRNAHis, tRNAAsn, and tRNAAsp from Escherichia coli. Universal presence of nucleoside O in the first position of the anticodons of these transfer ribonucleic acid (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticlePossible anticodon sequences of tRNAHis, tRNAAsn, and tRNAAsp from Escherichia coli. Universal presence of nucleoside O in the first position of the anticodons of these transfer ribonucleic acidFumio Harada and Susumu NishimuraCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 2, 301–308Publication Date (Print):January 18, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 18 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00752a024https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00752a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views413Altmetric-Citations190LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 module of the UPR in hypoxia resistance and tumor growth (2006)

Hypoxia is a dynamic feature of the tumor microenvironment that contributes to cancer progression. In order to adapt and overcome hypoxic stress, tumor cells activate survival pathways that attempt to couple metabolic processes to reduced energy availability due to oxygen deprivation. While the hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1 and HIF-2 are critical to the cellular response to hypoxia, HIF-independent processes are known to contribute to this adaptation. Recent evidence demonstrates that hypoxia activates components of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), a coordinated program that regulates cellular adaptation to increased levels of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we review the evidence implicating the ER kinase PERK, its downstream target translation initiation factor eIF2alpha, and the subsequent translational upregulation of the transcription factor ATF4 in this response. Not only are cells with compromised PERK-eIF2alpha-ATF4 signaling more sensitive to hypoxic stress in vitro but they also form tumors that grow slower in vivo with smaller hypoxic areas, indicating that the PERK-eIF2alpha-ATF4 pathway confers a survival advantage for tumor cells under hypoxia. These results, together with evidence for an involvement of other UPR pathways and ER stress proteins in hypoxia tolerance and tumor maintenance, point to a central role for UPR activation in tumor progression and suggest that this response may offer an attractive target for new anti-tumor modalities.
α‐Toxin Facilitates the Generation of CXC Chemokine Gradients and Stimulates Neutrophil Homing inStaphylococcus aureusPneumonia (2008)

These data suggest that alpha-toxin enhances virulence by facilitating the generation of CXC chemokine gradients and stimulating chemokine-induced neutrophil influx in S. aureus pneumonia.
The Genes rubA and rubB for Alkane Degradation in Acinetobacter sp. Strain ADP1 Are in an Operon with estB , Encoding an Esterase, and oxyR (1999)

Alkanes are oxidized in Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1 by a three-component alkane monooxygenase, composed of alkane hydroxylase, rubredoxin, and rubredoxin reductase. rubA and rubB encode rubredoxin and a NAD(P)H-dependent rubredoxin reductase. We demonstrate here that single base pair substitutions in rubA or rubB lead to defects in alkane degradation, showing that both genes are essential for alkane utilization. Differences in the degradation capacity for hexadecane and dodecane in these mutants are discussed. Two genes, estB and oxyR, are located downstream of rubB, but are not necessary for alkane degradation. estB encodes a functional esterase. oxyR encodes a LysR-type transcriptional regulator, conferring resistance to hydrogen peroxide. rubA, rubB, estB, and oxyR constitute an operon, which is constitutively transcribed from a sigma70 promoter, and an estB-oxyR containing message is also transcribed from an internal promoter.
Circumplex models of personality and emotions. (1997)

The Circumplex as a General Model of the Structure of Emotions and Personality The Circumplex Model Applied to Behaviour, Affect and Psychotic Syndromes When is a Circumplex an Interpersonal Circumplex? - The Case of Supportive Actions Studying Personality Traits - Circular Way Two at a Time is Better Than One at a Time Hierachical Circular and Spherical Models of and Adaptive Behaviour Personality Set Within An Octagonal Model of Relating Circular Structure of Vocational Interests How Shall an Emotion be Called? A Circumplex Inventory of Impact Messages Theoretical and Methodogical Elaborations of the Circumplex Model of Personality Traits and Emotions The Circle and the Emotional Undercurrent of Human Sociability Personality Disorders and the Circumplex A Circumplex Model of Personality Disorders The Circumplex Structure of Problems The Circumplex in Psychotherapy Research The Circumplex as a Structural Model in Clinical Research Assessment and Therapy of Eating Disorders.