gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flood Disaster in Japan (2007)

Progress against flood disasters since the end of Word War II has shown that although human casualties have sharply decreased, material damage has not, despite improvements in flood control facilities. This is partly due to the increased concentration of buildings, infrastructures, and other assets in urban areas. Both natural and social factors are listed, and the implementation of suitable flood control policies is indispensable to saving lives and mitigating disasters in the future. Urban flood disasters are focused as a new type disaster explained in detail, stressing a combination of structural and non-structural measures and wide-area development accounting for both rivers and their entire basins to distribute the load in terms of flood control policy.
HEPATOCYTE TRANSPLANTATION FOR ENZYME DEFICIENCY DISEASE IN CONGENIC RATS (1986)

Long-term effects of hepatocyte transplantation (HTX) in the treatment of enzyme deficiency disease were studied. Congenic enzyme-deficient (R/APfd-j/j) and non-enzyme-deficient (R/APfd) rats were used as recipients and donors, respectively. The R/APfd-j/j rat strain is congenitally deficient of bilirubin uridyldiphosphate (UDP)-glucuronyl transferase. R/APfd-j/j rats underwent HTX by intrasplenic injection of 10(7) isolated R/APfd hepatocytes (group 1A). Another group of R/APfd-j/j rats was treated similarly, but underwent splenectomy after 11 weeks (group 1B). Controls consisted of R/APfd-j/j rats grafted with 10(7) R/APfd-j/j hepatocytes (group 2), and R/APfd-j/j rats that underwent a sham operation (group 3). Total plasma bilirubin (TB) levels were significantly reduced in groups 1A and 1B during the experiment (both P less than 0.01). In the control groups TB reduction was not observed. Bile analyses at 30 weeks after HTX showed that in group 1A 13.7 +/- 2.7% of total biliary bilirubin was conjugated. In group 1B a significantly lower fraction was conjugated: 6.6 +/- 1.1% (P less than 0.05). Conjugated bilirubin was not found in bile of groups 2 and 3. Histology showed survival of hepatocytes in all spleens of rats of groups 1A, 1B and 2. It is concluded that congenic hepatocytes from R/APfd donors are not rejected after transplantation into the R/APfd-j/j rat, and maintain long-term function. Splenectomy does not abolish, but does reduce, the therapeutic effect significantly, indicating that part of the transplanted hepatocytes maintains function in the enzyme-deficient host liver. The congenic R/APfd-j/j and R/APfd rat strains represent a new animal model for research in metabolic deficiency disease.
Molecular cloning of a DNA sequence complementary to creatine kinase M mRNA from chickens. (1982)

We have cloned and identified a DNA sequence complementary to the mRNA of creatine kinase (CK) isozyme M, although the mRNA is a minor species of the total mRNA in developing myoblasts. Poly(A)+RNA from breast and thigh muscle of 5-week-old chicks was enriched for CK mRNA by a novel procedure of sucrose gradient centrifugation in the presence of methylmercuric hydroxide. DNA complementary to this mRNA was inserted into pBR322, and colonies containing the recombinant plasmids were screened for the ability of the plasmid DNA to hybridize with and rescue CK mRNA from total muscle mRNA. Three plasmids, pCS195, pCS192, and pM35-4, could specifically rescue CK-M mRNA. CK-M mRNA was detected by in vitro translation and specific immunoprecipitation. The identity of the in vitro translation product was further confirmed by its migration in two-dimensional gels at the isoelectric point and molecular weight of CK-M. The heterogeneity of CK-M observed in vivo also was found upon translation of the CK-M mRNA which hybridizes to the plasmid.
Drug evaluation: PTC-124--a potential treatment of cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (2006)

PTC-124, a 1,2,4-oxadiazole compound, is in development by PTC Therapeutics Inc as an orally active small molecule that can override nonsense stop translation signals to produce full-length proteins. PTC-124 is currently being evaluated in phase II clinical trials against cystic fibrosis (CF) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The functional properties of PTC-124 are similar to the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin, but the two compounds are chemically distinct and PTC-124 does not exhibit any antibiotic characteristics. In vitro experiments showed PTC-124 to be superior to gentamicin at ribosomal read-through of nonsense mutations. In vivo investigations revealed that PTC-124 was effective in restoring the production of full-length protein in animal models of CF and DMD. Phase I clinical trials reported that PTC-124 was well tolerated in healthy patients. The author concludes that the encouraging results observed to date make PTC-124 an attractive option for further well-designed, long-term human studies on larger sample populations. The author also predicts that if results continue to be positive, PTC-124 could also be trialed in other single gene disorders with nonsense mutations such as hemophilia, neurofibromatosis, retinitis pigmentosa, bullous skin diseases and lysosomal storage disorders.
Three-arm nucleic acid junctions are flexible (1986)

Nucleic acid junctions are stable analogs of branched DNA structures which occur transiently in living systems. We show here that junctions which contain three double helical arms can be enzymatically oligomerized, using conventional sticky-ended ligation procedures, to create larger complexes. The products consist of a series of linked junctions separated by 20 base pairs. Junction dimers are formed that have free termini only, whereas trimers and larger species are found to be both unclosed and cyclized. The formation of a series of macrocyclic products which, surprisingly, begins with trimers and tetramers indicates that this junction is flexible about a bending axis, and perhaps twist-wise as well. We have obtained the same results from three different 3-arm junctions, two in which the junction is flanked by a 3 Watson-Crick base pairs, and one in which a G-G base pair flanks the junction.
Next-generation sequencing diagnostics of bacteremia in septic patients (2016)

The complete workflow from sample preparation to species identification report could be accomplished in roughly 30 h, thus making this approach a promising diagnostic platform for critically ill patients suffering from bloodstream infections.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in immunocompetent hosts without radiation or chemotherapy (2016)

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation can cure diverse diseases of the blood system, including hematologic malignancies, anemias, and autoimmune disorders. However, patients must undergo toxic conditioning regimens that use chemotherapy and/or radiation to eliminate host HSCs and enable donor HSC engraftment. Previous studies have shown that anti-c-Kit monoclonal antibodies deplete HSCs from bone marrow niches, allowing donor HSC engraftment in immunodeficient mice. We show that host HSC clearance is dependent on Fc-mediated antibody effector functions, and enhancing effector activity through blockade of CD47, a myeloid-specific immune checkpoint, extends anti-c-Kit conditioning to fully immunocompetent mice. The combined treatment leads to elimination of >99% of host HSCs and robust multilineage blood reconstitution after HSC transplantation. This targeted conditioning regimen that uses only biologic agents has the potential to transform the practice of HSC transplantation and enable its use in a wider spectrum of patients.
Call Screening: Is It Really a Problem for Survey Research? (1999)

Journal Article Call Screening: Is It Really a Problem for Survey Research? Get access MICHAEL W. LINK, MICHAEL W. LINK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ROBERT W. OLDENDICK ROBERT W. OLDENDICK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 63, Issue 4, February 1999, Pages 577–589, https://doi.org/10.1086/297872 Published: 01 February 1999
Homogeneous immunoassays using rare earth cryptates and time resolved fluorescence: principles and specific advantages for tumor markers. (1997)

We have developed a new type of long lived fluorescent tracer, the rare earth cryptates formed by the inclusion of a Eu3+ ion into the intra molecular cavity of a macrobicyclic ligand containing bipyridine units. This tracer is used in a new homogeneous assay format based on spectral and temporal selectivity as well as on an amplification of the cryptate fluorescence. As a consequence of these features, the measurement of the specific signal is totally shielded from media interaction and corrected in real time for sample to sample optical variation. We show the example of a PSA assay where an analytical sensitivity of 0.03 ng/ml is obtained and an AFP assay where measurements in the first minutes of the incubation allow a rapid estimation of the AFP concentration and therefore an immediate dilution of the samples if required. These results illustrate the performance of this new homogeneous method and point out the specific advantages it allows in terms of sensitivity, precision and flexibility. It is therefore particularly well adapted for the assay of analytes like tumor markers where both sensitivity and wide dynamic range are needed.
A New Method for Calculating Bending Moment and Shear Force in Moving Load Problems (2000)

In this paper, a new series expansion for calculating the bending moment and the shear force in a proportionally damped, one-dimensional distributed parameter system due to moving loads is suggested. The number of moving forces, which may be functions of time and spatial coordinate, and their velocities are arbitrary. The derivation of the series expansion is not limited to moving forces that are a priori known, making this method also applicable to problems in which the moving forces depend on the interactions between the continuous system and the subsystems it carries, e.g., the moving oscillator problem. A main advantage of the proposed method is in the accurate and efficient evaluation of the bending moment and shear force, and in particular, the shear jumps at the locations where the moving forces are applied. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the rapid convergence of the new series representation.
A New Slow Releasing, H2S Generating Compound, GYY4137 Relaxes Spontaneous and Oxytocin-Stimulated Contractions of Human and Rat Pregnant Myometrium (2012)

Better tocolytics are required to help prevent preterm labour. The gaseotransmitter Hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) has been shown to reduce myometrial contractility and thus is of potential interest. However previous studies used NaHS, which is toxic and releases H(2)S as a non-physiological bolus and thus alternative H(2)S donors are sought. GYY4137 has been developed to slowly release H(2)S and hence better reflect endogenous physiological release. We have examined its effects on spontaneous and oxytocin-stimulated contractility and compared them to NaHS, in human and rat myometrium, throughout gestation. The effects on contractility in response to GYY4137 (1 nM-1 mM) and NaHS (1 mM) were examined on myometrial strips from, biopsies of women undergoing elective caesarean section or hysterectomy, and from non-pregnant, 14, 18, 22 day (term) gestation or labouring rats. In pregnant rat and human myometrium dose-dependent and significant decreases in spontaneous contractions were seen with increasing concentrations of GYY4137, which also reduced underlying Ca transients. GYY4137 and NaHS significantly reduced oxytocin-stimulated and high-K depolarised contractions as well as spontaneous activity. Their inhibitory effects increased as gestation advanced, but were abruptly reversed in labour. Glibenclamide, an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels, abolished the inhibitory effect of GYY4137. These data suggest (i) H(2)S contributes to uterine quiescence from mid-gestation until labor, (ii) that H(2)S affects L-type calcium channels and K(ATP) channels reducing Ca entry and thereby myometrial contractions, (iii) add to the evidence that H(2)S plays a physiological role in relaxing myometrium, and thus (iv) H(2)S is an attractive target for therapeutic manipulation of human myometrial contractility.
Sequencing Analysis of Forty-Eight Human Image cDNA Clones Similar to Drosophila Mutant Protein (1998)

We have sequenced 48 human IMAGE cDNA clones selected from the public EST database (dbEST) for their significant homology to Drosophila mutant genes. A dynamically updated analysis report was produced by BlastX and BlastN analysis searches in the latest databases available. This analysis led us to estimate the grade of similarity with homologous genes isolated in other species. Bottlenecks were detected in the sequencing process and here we have presented our problem-solving approach. We think the value of this full-length sequencing project is an enrichment of the sequence database information that is currently available to the human genome community.
Shifts in macrophage phenotypes and macrophage competition for arginine metabolism affect the severity of muscle pathology in muscular dystrophy (2008)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common, lethal, muscle-wasting disease of childhood. Previous investigations have shown that muscle macrophages may play an important role in promoting the pathology in the mdx mouse model of DMD. In the present study, we investigate the mechanism through which macrophages promote mdx dystrophy and assess whether the phenotype of the macrophages changes between the stage of peak muscle necrosis (4 weeks of age) and muscle regeneration (12 weeks). We find that 4-week-old mdx muscles contain a population of pro-inflammatory, classically activated M1 macrophages that lyse muscle in vitro by NO-mediated mechanisms. Genetic ablation of the iNOS gene in mdx mice also significantly reduces muscle membrane lysis in 4-week-old mdx mice in vivo. However, 4-week mdx muscles also contain a population of alternatively activated, M2a macrophages that express arginase. In vitro assays show that M2a macrophages reduce lysis of muscle cells by M1 macrophages through the competition of arginase in M2a cells with iNOS in M1 cells for their common, enzymatic substrate, arginine. During the transition from the acute peak of mdx pathology to the regenerative stage, expression of IL-4 and IL-10 increases, either of which can deactivate the M1 phenotype and promote activation of a CD163+, M2c phenotype that can increase tissue repair. Our findings further show that IL-10 stimulation of macrophages activates their ability to promote satellite cell proliferation. Deactivation of the M1 phenotype is also associated with a reduced expression of iNOS, IL-6, MCP-1 and IP-10. Thus, these results show that distinct subpopulations of macrophages can promote muscle injury or repair in muscular dystrophy, and that therapeutic interventions that affect the balance between M1 and M2 macrophage populations may influence the course of muscular dystrophy.
Test and Calibration of the DLR Falcon Wind Measuring System by Maneuvers (1991)

After a short survey of the flight maneuvers of the Falcon the high-frequency pitching and yawing oscillations are treated in detail. It is shown that nearly all measured quantities essential for turbulence can be synchronized to 0.01 s and that the sensitivity coefficients for the angles of attack and sideslip (measured by the 858AJ probe) can be determined to about 1 percent. The effects of these angles on the static and dynamic pressures are modeled and utilized to synchronize the pressures.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin in K562 cells. (1983)

Human diferric transferrin binds to the surface of K562 cells, a human leukemic cell line. There are about 1.6 X 10(5) binding sites per cell surface, exhibiting a KD of about 10(-9) M. Upon warming cells to 37 degrees C there is a rapid increase in uptake to a steady state level of twice that obtained at 0 degree C. This is accounted for by internalization of the ligand as shown by the development of resistance to either acid wash or protease treatment of the ligand-cell association. After a minimum residency time of 4-5 min, undegraded transferrin is released from the cell. Internalization is rapid but is dependent upon cell surface occupancy; at occupancies of 20% or greater the rate coefficient is maximal at about 0.1-0.2 min-1. In the absence of externally added ligand only 50% of the internalized transferrin completes the cycle and is released to the medium with a rate coefficient of 0.05 min-1. The remaining transferrin can be released from the cell only by the addition of ligand, suggesting a tight coupling between cell surface binding, internalization, and release of internalized ligand. There is a loss of cell surface-binding capacity that accompanies transferrin internalization. At low (less than 50%) occupancy this loss is monotonic with the extent of internalization. Even at saturating levels of transferrin, the loss of surface receptors upon internalization never exceeds 60-70% of the initial binding capacity. This suggests that receptors enter the cell with ligand but are replaced so as to maintain a constant, albeit reduced, receptor number on the cell surface. In the absence of ligand, the cell surface receptor number returns at 37 degrees C. Neither sodium azide nor NH4Cl blocks internalization of ligand. However, they both prevent the release of transferrin from the cell thus halting the transferrin cycle. Excess ligand can overcome the block due to NH4Cl but not azide although the cycle is markedly slower. Iron is delivered to these cells by transferrin at 37 degrees C with a rate coefficient of 0.15 to 0.2 min-1. The iron is released from the transferrin and the majority is found in intracellular ferritin. There is a large internal receptor pool comprising 70 to 80% of the total cell receptors and this may be involved in maintaining the steady state iron uptake.
In Vivo DPP-4 Inhibition to Enhance Engraftment of Single-Unit Cord Blood Transplants in Adults with Hematological Malignancies (2012)

Delayed engraftment is a significant limitation of umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation due to low stem cell numbers. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 enhanced engraftment in murine transplants. We evaluated the feasibility of systemic DPP-4 inhibition using sitagliptin to enhance engraftment of single-unit UCB grafts in adults with hematological malignancies. Twenty-four patients (21-58 years) received myeloablative conditioning, followed by sitagliptin 600 mg orally days -1 to +2, and single UCB grafts day 0. Seventeen receiving red cell-depleted (RCD) grafts, matched at 4 (n=10) or 5 (n=7) of 6 human leucocyte antigen (HLA) loci with median nucleated cell dose 3.6 (2.5-5.2)×10(7)/kg, engrafted at median of 21 (range, 13-50) days with cumulative incidence of 94% (95% confidence interval, 84%-100%) at 50 days. Plasma DDP-4 activity was reduced to 23%±7% within 2 h. Area under DPP-4 activity-time curve (AUCA) correlated with engraftment; 9 of 11 with AUCA <6,000 activity·h engrafted within ≤21 days, while all 6 with higher AUCA engrafted later (P=0.002). Seven patients receiving red cell replete grafts had 10-fold lower colony forming units after thawing compared with RCD grafts, with poor engraftment. Systemic DPP-4 inhibition was well tolerated and may enhance engraftment. Optimizing sitagliptin dosing to achieve more sustained DPP-4 inhibition may further improve outcome.
Diagonal and Vertical Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (2014)

Devolving an efficient routing protocol in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is a challenge due to volatile characteristics of the underwater environment. In this paper, we proposed an end-to-end delay efficient routing protocol called DVRP (Diagonal and Vertical Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network). In DVRP, the forwarding of data packets is based on the flooding zone angle by the sender nodes toward the surface sink. To extend the network lifetime, DVRP is deliberating the saving-energy of sensor nodes. The sensor nodes in the network make a local decision of data packets forwarding under the constraint of the flooding angle between them and energy status. Our results show that DVRP has better performance than other existing delay efficient routing protocols, in term of end-to-end delays, energy consumption, and data delivery ratios.
Compendium of Soybean Diseases (1999)

Compendium of soybean diseases , Compendium of soybean diseases , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Plastic Versus Glass Capillaries for Rapid-Cycle PCR (2008)

Rapid-cycle PCR uses fast temperature transitions and minimal denaturation and annealing times of "0" s to complete 30 cycles in 10 to 30 min. The most popular platform amplifies samples in glass capillaries arranged around a carousel with circulating air for temperature control. Recently, plastic capillary replacements for glass capillaries became available. We compared the performance of plastic and glass capillaries for rapid-cycle PCR. Heat transfer into plastic capillaries was slowed by thicker walls, lower thermal conductivity, and a lower surface area-to-volume ratio than glass capillaries. Whereas the denaturation and annealing target temperatures were reached by samples in glass capillaries, samples in plastic capillaries fell short of these target temperatures by 6 degrees -7 degrees C. Rapid-cycle PCR was performed on two human genomic targets (APOE and ACVRL1) and one plasmid (pBR322) to amplify fragments of 225-300 bp in length with melting temperatures of 90.3 degrees -93.1 degrees C. Real-time amplification data, end-point melting curves, and end-point gel analysis revealed strong, specific amplification of samples in glass and complete amplification failure in plastic. Only the APOE target was successfully amplified by extending the denaturation and annealing times to 5 or 10 s. A 20 s holding period was necessary to reach target temperatures in plastic capillaries.
Molecular genetic analysis of rare <I>cis</I>AB variants in Chinese population (2008)

We investigated the molecular genetic basis of rare cisAB variants at the ABO locus in Chinese population. Serological techniques were performed to characterize erythrocyte phenotype of 12 discrepant samples and 116 randomly selected samples. Mutations of complete exon 6 and 7 including flanking intron in the ABO genes were screened by PCR and directly sequencing. The haplotypes of diverse genotypes were also analyzed by cloning sequencing. Twelve samples were identified as AweakB or ABweak phenotype by serological technology, and were also identified as cisAB variants including four genotypes by directly sequencing. Two cisAB alleles were found by haplotype sequencing. One allele was cisAB01, in which four nucleotide acid alterations were observed (467C>T and 803G>C in exon 7, 163T>C and 179C>T in intron 6); the other allele maintained a nucleotide acid of A101 allele (803G) compared with B101 allele, which resulted in a polypep-tide containing 176G, 235S, 266M, and 268G four amino acids. This is a novel allele, which has been named cisAB05 by Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database. According to systematically investigation of the molecular genetic basis of the cisAB variants in Chinese population, we found a novel cisAB05 allele and presumed that the cisAB01 allele is derived from homologues exchange of A101-B101 combination.
In silicoidentification of putative metal binding motifs (2006)

Metal ion binding domains are found in proteins that mediate transport, buffering or detoxification of metal ions. In this study, we have performed an in silico analysis of metal binding proteins and have identified putative metal binding motifs for the ions of cadmium, cobalt, zinc, arsenic, mercury, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum and nickel. A pattern search against the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB/TrEMBL databases yielded true positives in each case showing the high-specificity of the motifs. Motifs were also validated against PDB structures and site directed mutagenesis studies.