gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Caspase inhibitors promote the survival of avulsed spinal motoneurons in neonatal rats (2001)

Following ventral root avulsion in neonatal animals, the degeneration of spinal motoneurons occurs by an apoptotic-like morphological pathway. In adult animals, however, the mechanism of degeneration of injured motoneurons is still controversial. Because caspases are important mediators of apoptosis, we have investigated the effects of the caspase inhibitors, benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp(OMe)fluoromethylketone (Boc-D-FMK), and N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp aldehyde (Ac-DEVD-CHO) on the survival of neonatal and adult spinal motoneurons after root avulsion of the C7 spinal cord. In the control neonatal animals, virtually all motoneurons had degenerated by 7 days following root avulsion. Treatment with either 0.5 microg Boc-D-FMK or 1 microg Ac-DEVD-CHO enhanced the survival of motoneurons to 80% and 85% for up to 2 weeks post-injury. By 21 days post-injury, 70% of avulsed motoneurons were still present after Boc-D-FMK treatment, whereas all avulsed motoneurons died after treatment with Ac-DEVD-CHO. In adult animals, neither inhibitor was neuroprotective for motoneurons following root avulsion. In summary, the inhibition of caspases effectively rescued avulsed neonatal motoneurons which are died by apoptotic pathway. By contrast, because caspase inhibitors failed to rescue injured motoneurons in adult animals, their death may occur by a non-apoptotic pathway.
Probing the catalytic functions of Bub1 kinase using the small molecule inhibitors BAY-320 and BAY-524 (2016)

The kinase Bub1 functions in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and in chromosome congression, but the role of its catalytic activity remains controversial. Here, we use two novel Bub1 inhibitors, BAY-320 and BAY-524, to demonstrate potent Bub1 kinase inhibition both in vitro and in intact cells. Then, we compared the cellular phenotypes of Bub1 kinase inhibition in HeLa and RPE1 cells with those of protein depletion, indicative of catalytic or scaffolding functions, respectively. Bub1 inhibition affected chromosome association of Shugoshin and the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), without abolishing global Aurora B function. Consequently, inhibition of Bub1 kinase impaired chromosome arm resolution but exerted only minor effects on mitotic progression or SAC function. Importantly, BAY-320 and BAY-524 treatment sensitized cells to low doses of Paclitaxel, impairing both chromosome segregation and cell proliferation. These findings are relevant to our understanding of Bub1 kinase function and the prospects of targeting Bub1 for therapeutic applications.
Radio-Over-Fiber Access Network Architecture Based on New Optimized RSOA Devices With Large Modulation Bandwidth and High Linearity (2010)

Next-generation wireless communications systems need to have high throughputs to satisfy user demand, to be low-cost, and to have an efficient management as principal features. Using a high-performance, low-cost reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) as a colorless remote modulator at the antenna unit, the wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technique can be used for supporting distributed antenna systems (DASs). Each antenna unit is connected to the central unit using optical fiber and all links are used to transmit radio signals. Due to a large optical bandwidth, RSOAs are potential candidates for cost effective WDM systems. In this paper, simulations are carried out to determine optimized RSOA devices for wireless technology. New RSOA structures are fabricated and evaluated. The optimized RSOA is electrically driven by a standard Wi-Fi input signal (IEEE 802.11 g) with a 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) format. A large modulation bandwidth and a high electrooptic gain are demonstrated, which are confirmed by good performance when using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing techniques. Characteristics such as high linearity and large electrooptic modulation bandwidth of our RSOA are sufficient to ensure an error vector magnitude (EVM) lower than 5% with a dynamic range exceeding 35 dB in a back-to-back configuration (at 0 dBm). Uplink transmission over a 20 km of single-mode fiber is also demonstrated with EVM lower than 5% and a dynamic range exceeding 25 dB (at 5 dBm).
Intraspecific variation of recombination rate in maize (2013)

Abstract Background In sexually reproducing organisms, meiotic crossovers ensure the proper segregation of chromosomes and contribute to genetic diversity by shuffling allelic combinations. Such genetic reassortment is exploited in breeding to combine favorable alleles, and in genetic research to identify genetic factors underlying traits of interest via linkage or association-based approaches. Crossover numbers and distributions along chromosomes vary between species, but little is known about their intraspecies variation. Results Here, we report on the variation of recombination rates between 22 European maize inbred lines that belong to the Dent and Flint gene pools. We genotype 23 doubled-haploid populations derived from crosses between these lines with a 50 k-SNP array and construct high-density genetic maps, showing good correspondence with the maize B73 genome sequence assembly. By aligning each genetic map to the B73 sequence, we obtain the recombination rates along chromosomes specific to each population. We identify significant differences in recombination rates at the genome-wide, chromosome, and intrachromosomal levels between populations, as well as significant variation for genome-wide recombination rates among maize lines. Crossover interference analysis using a two-pathway modeling framework reveals a negative association between recombination rate and interference strength. Conclusions To our knowledge, the present work provides the most comprehensive study on intraspecific variation of recombination rates and crossover interference strength in eukaryotes. Differences found in recombination rates will allow for selection of high or low recombining lines in crossing programs. Our methodology should pave the way for precise identification of genes controlling recombination rates in maize and other organisms.
BR96 sFv-PE40 Immunotoxin: Nonclinical Safety Assessment (1999)

BR96 sFv-PE40, a recombinant DNA-derived fusion protein composed of the heavy- and light-chain variable region domains of the monoclonal antibody BR96 and the translocation and catalytic domains of Pseudomonas exotoxin A, is being developed for the treatment of solid tumors expressing cell surface Lewis(y)-related antigens. Single- and repeat-dose intravenous toxicity studies in rats and dogs and a comparative ex vivo tissue-binding study with rat, dog, and human tissues were conducted to assess the toxicity of BR96 sFv-PE40 and to estimate a safe starting dose in humans. Additional studies were performed to investigate the prevention of pulmonary vascular-leak syndrome, the dose-limiting toxicity of BR96 sFv-PE40 in rats, and the immunogenicity of BR96 sFv-PE40. In single-dose studies in rats, the vascular leak appeared to be primarily confined to the lungs; however, with a repeat-dose regimen (every other day for 5 doses) other organs including the brain and heart were involved at lethal doses (12-15 mg/m2 cumulative). Single doses of 1.8 mg/m2 and a cumulative 3.8 mg/m2 dose (0.75 mg/m2, every other day for 5 doses) were generally well tolerated in rats. These doses are significantly greater than doses required to cure rodents bearing human tumor xenografts. In dogs, the major target organ following single or repeated doses (every 3 days for 5 doses) was the pancreas. Morphologic changes in the exocrine pancreas ranged from atrophy with single-cell necrosis to diffuse acinar necrosis. After a 1-mo dose-free observation period, no residual pancreatic toxicity was observed in dogs given single doses up to 6.0 mg/m2 or 5 doses of 2.4 mg/m2 (12 mg/m2 cumulative). No significant pancreatic toxicity was observed at doses <0.6 mg/m2 in high Lewis(y)-expressing dogs. Assessment of trypsinlike immunoreactivity was useful in monitoring changes in pancreatic function. The immunogenicity of BR96 sFv-PE40 could be inhibited by combined treatment with an immunosuppressant in dogs, thus maintaining exposure to BR96 sFv-PE40.
Umbrella file system (2009)

With the advent of and recent developments in Flash storage, device characteristic diversity is becoming both more prevalent and more distinct. In this article, we describe the Umbrella File System (UmbrellaFS), a stackable file system designed to provide flexibility in matching diversity of file access characteristics to diversity of device characteristics through a user or system administrator specified policy. We present the design and results from a prototype implementation of UmbrellaFS on both Linux 2.4 and 2.6. The results show that UmbrellaFS has little overhead for most file system operations while providing an ability better to utilize the differences in Flash and traditional hard drives. With appropriate use of rules, we have shown improvements of up to 44% in certain situations.
Parametric representation of Stiles–Crawford functions: normal variation of peak location and directionality (1993)

Evidence suggests that the psychophysically determined Stiles-Crawford effect of the first kind (SCE) reflects waveguide properties of human photoreceptors. The peak of the SCE data set is assumed to reflect the principal alignment tendencies, and the spread (e.g., rho value, the curvature or width at half-height) is assumed to reflect the directionality (i.e., interreceptor differences in alignment) of the population of photoreceptors being tested. As such, disruption of the normal SCE can be used and/or has been used (1) to document early natural history of retinal pathology involving the photoreceptors, (2) to provide a firm rationale for therapeutic intervention, and (3) to provide a method for monitoring therapies designed to alter the natural course of retinal-disease processes. We report large-sample norms for foveal SCE peak location and spread (horizontal peak location, nasal 0.51 +/- 0.72, horizontal rho value 0.047 +/- 0.013, vertical peak location, superior 0.20 +/- 0.64, vertical rho value 0.053 +/- 0.012), compare these norms with values determined in other laboratories, and discuss the various mathematical forms used for the empirical description of SCE data sets.
A low-Km, rolipram-sensitive, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase from human brain. Cloning and expression of cDNA, biochemical characterization of recombinant protein, and tissue distribution of mRNA. (1993)

We have isolated cDNA clones from human frontal cortex cDNA libraries that encode a unique subtype of the low-Km, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs IV). The 564-amino acid sequence of the protein (human brain PDE IV (hPDE IVB)) shows significant homology to a PDE IV subtype expressed in human monocytes (hPDE IVA), particularly within the approximately 300-amino acid PDE IV catalytic domain. The degree of protein sequence identity is much greater between hPDE IVB and a homolog derived from rat brain (92% over 562 amino acids) than between hPDE IVB and hPDE IVA (76% over 538 amino acids), suggesting a greater subtype-specific versus species-specific conservation of protein sequence. Analysis of the distribution of hPDE IVB mRNA expression revealed a restricted pattern, with an approximately 4-kilobase mRNA detected in brain, heart, lung, and skeletal muscle and not in placenta, liver, kidney, or pancreas. An additional approximately 5-kilobase hPDE IVB-related mRNA species was detected in brain tissue. Recombinant hPDE IVB displayed all of the expected kinetic characteristics for a PDE IV, including sensitivity to the isozyme-selective inhibitor rolipram (Ki = 0.085 microM). Scatchard analysis of (R)-[3H]rolipram binding data suggested the presence of two noninteracting high affinity rolipram-binding sites (Kd = 0.4 and 6 nM) or a negatively cooperative interaction among multiple binding sites.
Abstract LB-368: Exploiting the mechanism of intron-splicing to produce viral vectors harboring toxin genes for cancer therapy (2012)

Abstract Suicide gene therapy has been widely investigated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, for controlling graft-versus-host disease, and also for the treatment of cancer. While the production of viral vectors carrying suicide genes such as the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) or cytosine deaminase are easily achievable, the generation of viral vectors containing toxin genes such as diphtheria toxin A fragment (DT-A), Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), and barnase has always been a challenge very difficult to fulfill due to the extreme toxicity of these toxins. We developed a novel way to produce in insect cells baculoviral and adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors harboring toxin genes such as DT-A or Barnase by exploiting the different intron-splicing mechanisms between insect and mammalian cells. Since most of the mammalian introns are not functional in insect cells, we cloned two mammalian introns to interrupt the DT-A or Barnase coding sequences and produced recombinant baculoviral and AAV vectors at the normal level as compared with the baculoviral or AAV vectors carrying just the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. After transduction of the toxin gene-harboring baculoviral or AAV vectors into mammalian HEK293 cells, the mammalian introns were spliced out and toxins expressed and killed the HEK293 cells. This is the first report so far as we know that the differences in intron-splicing between insect and mammalian cells can be utilized to manufacture viral vectors harboring toxin genes. Our finding indicates that this novel method provides a valuable new tool for the development of toxin-based suicide gene cancer therapy. Bac, baculovirus; AAV, adenoassociated virus; inDTA (hGH), DT-A gene interrupted by human growth hormone intron; inBar (SV40)-GFP, Barnase gene interrupted by SV40 LT antigen intron and fused in-frame with GFP; vg, vector genome copy number; pfu, plaque-forming unit; ND, not done. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-368. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-368
Principles of DNA separation with capillary electrophoresis (2001)

During the last decade, capillary electrophoresis (CE) of DNA has undergone rapid development. This improvement was especially important for DNA sequencing, where CE has now become a standard method facilitating to decipher several genomes within a very short time. Here, we give a review of the fundamentals of DNA separation in CE and the major factors influencing the performance.
Ethanol-induced Hypothermia in the Rat (1980)

Ethanol (0.5-3.2g x kg-1 i.p.) caused a dose-dependent fall in body temperature in rats. A dose of 1.5g x kg-1 i.p. led to a fall of 1.6 +/- 0.20 degrees C over 60 min at an environmental temperature of 18 +/- 1 degrees C. There was no evidence of acute tolerance when the hypothermic response was elicited by the same dose of ethanol (0.7--20.0g x kg-1 i.p.) 24 h later; indeed the second response was consistently, although not significantly, greater than the first. Behavioral thermoregulatory studies indicated that the fall in temperature after ethanol is due, at least in part, to a downward setting in the thermoregulatory set point. These results suggest that the rat may be a suitable animal model for a study of accidental hypothermia following ethanol ingestion and exposure to low environmental temperatures.
Maneuvering the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Silver Nanostructures through Shape-Controlled Synthesis (2006)

Silver nanostructures are containers for surface plasmons - the collective oscillation of conduction electrons in phase with incident light. By controlling the shape of the container, one can control the ways in which electrons oscillate, and in turn how the nanostructure scatters light, absorbs light, and enhances local electric fields. With a series of discrete dipole approximation (DDA) calculations, each of a distinctive morphology, we illustrate how shape control can tune the optical properties of silver nanostructures. Calculated predictions are validated by experimental measurements performed on nanocubes with controllable corner truncation, right bipyramids, and pentagonal nanowires. Control of nanostructure shape allows optimization of plasmon resonance for molecular detection and spectroscopy.
Global optimizations for parallelism and locality on scalable parallel machines (1993)

Article Global optimizations for parallelism and locality on scalable parallel machines Share on Authors: Jennifer M. Anderson View Profile , Monica S. Lam View Profile Authors Info & Claims PLDI '93: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1993 conference on Programming language design and implementationAugust 1993 Pages 112–125https://doi.org/10.1145/155090.155101Online:01 June 1993Publication History 268citation695DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations268Total Downloads695Last 12 Months11Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Current Status of the Glucose Sensor (1996)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login HomeCurrent IssuePrevious Issues Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and ObesityThe Endocrinologist (1991 - 2010) Published Ahead-of-PrintFor Authors Information for AuthorsLanguage Editing Services Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and PermissionsMobileNew Features All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
High frequencies in African and non-African populations of independent mutation in the mannose binding protein gene (1993)

The publishers wish to apologies for the printing of table 1(a) which accompanies the above paper with two misaligned rows. The correct vesion of table 1 is printed below. © 1993 Oxford University Press.
Autosomal-dominant B-cell deficiency with alopecia due to a mutation in NFKB2 that results in nonprocessable p100 (2014)

Most genetic defects that arrest B-cell development in the bone marrow present early in life with agammaglobulinemia, whereas incomplete antibody deficiency is usually associated with circulating B cells. We report 3 related individuals with a novel form of severe B-cell deficiency associated with partial persistence of serum immunoglobulin arising from a missense mutation in NFKB2. Significantly, this point mutation results in a D865G substitution and causes a failure of p100 phosphorylation that blocks processing to p52. Severe B-cell deficiency affects mature and transitional cells, mimicking the action of rituximab. This phenotype appears to be due to disruption of canonical and noncanonical nuclear factor κB pathways by the mutant p100 molecule. These findings could be informative for therapeutics as well as immunodeficiency.
Cholecystokinin (1989)

The sections in this article are: 1 Definition of Cholecystokinin 2 History of Cholecystokinin 2.1 Digestive Juice Era 2.2 Peptide Chemistry Era 2.3 Immunochemistry Era 2.4 Nucleotide Chemistry Era 3 Molecular Biology of Cholecystokinin 3.1 Cholecystokinin Gene and mRNA 3.2 Primary Translation Product, Prepro CCK 3.3 Posttranslational Processing 3.4 Structure of Bioactive Cholecystokinins 3.5 Homology With Other Hormones 4 Cellular Distribution of Cholecystokinin 4.1 Endocrine Cells in the Gut 4.2 Endocrine Cells Outside the Gut 4.3 Cholecystokinin Neurons in the Gut 4.4 Cholecystokinin Neurons Outside the Gut 5 Secretion of Cholecystokinin 5.1 Release From Endocrine Cells 5.2 Release from Neurons 6 Cholecystokinin in Plasma 6.1 Plasma Assays 6.2 Molecular Forms in Plasma 6.3 Concentrations in Basal and Stimulated State 7 Effect of Cholecystokinin 7.1 Cholecystokinin Receptors 7.2 Gallbladder Emptying and Bile Release 7.3 Pancreatic Exocrine Secretion 7.4 Pancreatic Endocrine Secretion 7.5 Pancreatic Growth 7.6 Gastrointestinal Motility 7.7 Intestinal Blood Flow 7.8 Satiety 8 Clinical Aspects of Cholecystokinin 8.1 Diagnostic Use 8.2 Therapeutic Use 8.3 Abnormalities 9 conclusion9 Conclusion
Intrusion detection with unlabeled data using clustering (2000)

Intrusions pose a serious security threat in a network environment, and therefore need to be promptly detected and dealt with. New intrusion types, of which detection systems may not even be aware, are the most difficult to detect. Current signature based methods and learning algorithms which rely on labeled data to train, generally can not detect these new intrusions. We present a framework for automatically detecting intrusions, new or otherwise, even if they are yet unknown to the system. In our system, no manually or otherwise classified data is necessary for training. Our method is able to detect many different types of intrusions, while maintaining a low false positive rate.
Robust decentralized turbine/governor control using linear matrix inequalities (2002)

A new scheme is presented for the robust decentralized stabilization of multimachine power systems, based on linear matrix inequalities (LMI). The proposed method is computationally efficient and can easily incorporate additional design requirements. The efficiency of this control strategy is illustrated on the IEEE 39 bus system for a variety of large disturbances. Experimental results indicate that transient stability can be significantly improved with this approach.
High-Speed Optical Receivers With Integrated Photodiode in 130 nm CMOS (2009)

The design and measurement of two optical receivers with integrated photodiode in 130 nm CMOS is presented. The low bandwidth, which is typical for photodiodes in CMOS technologies, is circumvented by a differential photodiode topology on the one hand and by including an optimized equalizer in the receiver chain on the other hand. The low responsivity of a CMOS photodiode is compensated by a very low-noise design for the differential TIA. The disadvantage of such a low-noise design is its high power consumption. Therefore, a design strategy is presented where part of the circuit is biased in weak inversion. Doing so, the power consumption is decreased from 138 mW for the standard design to only 74.16 mW. Both designs are measured optically with 850 nm modulated light and are able to operate at 4.5 Gbit/s with a BER lower than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> . The sensitivities for this BER and speed are - 3.8 dBm and -3.4 dBm respectively. The receivers even work up to 5 Gbit/s for BER values around 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> .