gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of light signal transduction as a means of modifying fruit nutritional quality in tomato (2004)

Fruit constitutes a major component of human diets, providing fiber, vitamins, and phytonutrients. Carotenoids are a major class of compounds found in many fruits, providing nutritional benefits as precursors to essential vitamins and as antioxidants. Although recent gene isolation efforts and metabolic engineering have primarily targeted genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, factors that regulate flux through the carotenoid pathway remain largely unknown. Characterization of the tomato high-pigment mutations (hp1 and hp2) suggests the manipulation of light signal transduction machinery may be an effective approach toward practical manipulation of plant carotenoids. We demonstrate here that hp1 alleles represent mutations in a tomato UV-DAMAGED DNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (DDB1) homolog. We further demonstrate that two tomato light signal transduction genes, LeHY5 and LeCOP1LIKE, are positive and negative regulators of fruit pigmentation, respectively. Down-regulated LeHY5 plants exhibit defects in light responses, including inhibited seedling photomorphogenesis, loss of thylakoid organization, and reduced carotenoid accumulation. In contrast, repression of LeCOP1LIKE expression results in plants with exaggerated photomorphogenesis, dark green leaves, and elevated fruit carotenoid levels. These results suggest genes encoding components of light signal transduction machinery also influence fruit pigmentation and represent genetic tools for manipulation of fruit quality and nutritional value.
Enhancement of CO2/N2 selectivity in a metal-organic framework by cavity modification (2009)

Post-synthesis modification of a MOF by replacing coordinated solvent molecules with highly polar ligands leads to considerable enhancement of CO2/N2 selectivity.
Latest Developments in Micro Total Analysis Systems (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTLatest Developments in Micro Total Analysis SystemsArun Arora†, Giuseppina Simone†, Georgette B. Salieb-Beugelaar†∥, Jung Tae Kim†, and Andreas Manz*†‡§View Author Information KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E71, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany, FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, IMTEK, Institute for Microsystem Technology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany, and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Twente University, Building Carré, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]†KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology.‡Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg.§University of Freiburg.∥Twente University.Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 12, 4830–4847Publication Date (Web):May 12, 2010Publication History Published online12 May 2010Published inissue 15 June 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac100969khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac100969kreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10352Altmetric-Citations386LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biotechnology,Fluid dynamics,Liquids,Microfluidic devices,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs): robust, solution-processable, organic nanoporous materials (2004)

Microporous materials can be derived directly from soluble polymers whose randomly contorted shapes prevent an efficient packing of the macromolecules in the solid state.
ACTR-46. AG120, A FIRST-IN-CLASS MUTANT IDH1 INHIBITOR IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT OR PROGRESSIVE IDH1 MUTANT GLIOMA: RESULTS FROM THE PHASE 1 GLIOMA EXPANSION COHORTS (2016)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations occur in approximately 70% of low grade gliomas and in up to 6% of glioblastomas, and lead to an altered metabolic state associated with increased production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) which causes genetic and epigenetic dysregulation leading to oncogenesis. AG120 is a potent oral inhibitor of mutant IDH1 demonstrating suppression of 2-HG in preclinical models and reduced tumor growth in the xenograft TS603 glioma model. In the dose escalation cohorts of this phase 1 study, AG120 was administered daily over a 28 day cycle at doses up to 1200mg in 20 patients with IDH1 mutant glioma who had measurable disease by RANO criteria. AG120 demonstrated a favorable safety profile and preliminary clinical activity with a 35% clinical benefit rate (stable disease or better) at 6 months. The 500mg dose level was expanded in 4 cohorts of solid tumors including progressive non-enhancing glioma (arm 3), and other IDH1 mutated tumors primarily comprised of enhancing glioma (arm 4). Key eligibility: IDH1 mutated disease, ECOG 0–1, no surgery/radiation within 6 months (arm 3). MRI response was assessed every 8 weeks using RANO and LGG-RANO criteria by local and independent review. Exploratory analyses: change in tumor growth rate (FLAIR tumor volume) (Arm 3), and pharmacodynamic evaluations of tissue and serum. As of 14April2016, 25 patients with non-enhancing glioma (arm 3) and 21 patients with contrast enhancing gliomas (arm 4) were enrolled of which 21 (arm 3) and 8 (arm 4) remain on AG120. Median age was 41 and 47 years and median prior regimens were 1 and 2, for non-enhancing and enhancing glioma patients respectively. Frequent adverse events (>10%) regardless of attribution were mostly grade 1/2 headache (4.5% grade 3), nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and diarrhea. Updated safety, response, PK, and exploratory volumetric imaging data will be presented.
<title>Scattered Thoughts On Baffling Problems</title> (1981)

The techniques and status of the design approaches to system baffling, the comouter analysis, the BRDF measurements, and the theories of surface scattering are discussed.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Imaging of kinked configurations of DNA molecules undergoing orthogonal field alternating gel electrophoresis by fluorescence microscopy (1990)

The dynamics of individual DNA molecules undergoing orthogonal field alternating gel electrophoresis (OFAGE) have been studied by use of T2 DNA molecules labeled with a dye and visualized with a fluorescence microscope. The mechanism of reorientation used by a molecule to align itself in the direction of the new orthogonal field depends on the degree of extension of the chain immediately before the application of this field. The formation of kinks is promoted when time is allowed between the application of the two orthogonal fields so that the molecule attains a partially relaxed configuration. In this case, the chain appears bunched up in domains moving along the contour of the molecule. These regions are found to be the locations where the kinks are formed upon application of the second field perpendicular to the chain. The formation of kinks provides a significant retardation of the reorientation of the molecules, relative to molecules that do not form kinks, and appears to play an important role in the fractionation attained with OFAGE. A classification of various reorientation mechanisms observed in molecules that form kinks is presented.
Neuroprotection by Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Mediated by Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (1999)

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that plays a pivotal role during development and in the homeostasis of the adult nervous systems. However, mechanisms that regulate neuronal apoptosis are not well defined. Here, we report that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protects cortical neurons against apoptosis induced by camptothecin or serum deprivation and activates the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) pathways. Using pharmacological agents and transient transfection with dominant interfering or constitutive active components of the ERK or the PI 3-kinase pathway, we demonstrate that the ERK pathway plays a major role in BDNF neuroprotection against camptothecin. Furthermore, ERK is activated in cortical neurons during camptothecin-induced apoptosis, and inhibition of ERK increases apoptosis. In contrast, the PI 3-kinase pathway is the dominant survival mechanism for serum-dependent survival under normal culture conditions and for BDNF protection against serum withdrawal. These results suggest that the ERK pathway is one of several neuroprotective mechanisms that are activated by stress to counteract death signals in central nervous system neurons. Furthermore, the relative contribution of the ERK and PI 3-kinase pathways to neuronal survival may depend on the type of cellular injury.
Topologic mixing on a microfluidic chip (2004)

Mixing two liquids on a microfluidic chip is notoriously hard because the small dimensions and velocities on the chip effectively prevent turbulence. We present a topological mixing scheme that exploits the laminarity of the flow to repeatedly fold the flow and exponentially increase the concentration gradients to obtain fast and efficient mixing by diffusion. It is based on helical flow channels with opposite chiralities that split, rotate, and recombine the fluid stream in a topology reminiscent of a series of Möbius bands. This geometry is realized in a simple six-stage, two-layer elastomer structure with a footprint of 400 μm×300 μm per stage that mixes two solutions efficiently at Reynolds numbers between 0.1 and 2. This represents more than an order of magnitude reduction in the size of microfluidic mixers that can be manufactured in standard multilayer soft lithography techniques.
Laser beam deflection polygon scanner using HTS bearings (2001)

A light scanning device with a rotating mirror up to 3 kHz rotational frequency for directing and aiming a radiation beam at a surface was developed and tested. Conventional fluid and air bearing systems because of friction are unable to accelerate up to 60 mm rotors above 2 kHz frequency. The rationale for the selection of the magnetic bearing configuration using YBCO, the control of the bearing and low power motor concepts are discussed. Radial centering and axial stabilization of the rotor are affected by means of two superconducting radial bearings with oppositely magnetized PM rings. The rim speed of the polygon is close to 600 m/s, giving rise to appreciable centrifugal forces and necessitates high quality material selection. The extreme optical sensitivity requires a soft suspension of the rotor coupled with a high damping efficiency. Low consumption LN/sub 2/ cooling gives stable cryogenic conditions in case of power failure. Features and limitations of this novel scanning system are discussed, especially those related to a higher line deflection frequency.
Advancing Nursing Science through Research, Vols 1 and 2 Moody L E , editor Advancing Nursing Science through research, Vols 1 and 2286/328pp£29.950-8039-3811-X/3812-8 (1990)

Volume One of Advancing Nursing Science through Research, an important new American view of nursing research, offers an overview of major advances in nursing theory and research. I would emphasise that this is not a book for nurses new to the research enterprise. It is a graduate level theory text.
Regulation of Protein Phosphorylation during Sperm Capacitation1 (1998)

After leaving the testis, mammalian spermatozoa from many species are morphologically differentiated but have acquired neither progressive motility nor the ability to fertilize a metaphase II-arrested egg. During epididymal transit, sperm acquire the ability to move progressively; however, they are still fertilization incompetent. Fertilization capacity is gained after residence in the female tract for a finite period of time. The physiological changes that confer on the sperm the ability to fertilize are collectively called ‘‘capacitation.’’ Capacitation was first described and defined independently by Chang [1, 2] and Austin [3, 4]. The definition of this poorly understood phenomenon has been modified and narrowed over the years. Although fertilization still represents the benchmark endpoint of a capacitated sperm, the ability of the sperm to undergo a regulated acrosome reaction (e.g., in response to the zona pellucida) can be taken as an earlier, upstream endpoint of this extratesticular maturational event. It must be stressed at this point that capacitation is also correlated with changes in sperm motility patterns, designated as sperm hyperactivation, in a number of species [5, 6]. There are examples of cases in which capacitation and hyperactivation can be dissociated experimentally [7], but one cannot yet argue that hyperactivation of motility represents an event completely independent of the capacitation process [6]. Therefore, when one attempts to understand the process of capacitation at the molecular level, it is necessary to consider events occurring both in the head (i.e., acrosome reaction) and in the tail (i.e., motility changes). The physiological site of capacitation in vivo is the oviduct or the uterus, depending on the species [5]. However, capacitation in vitro has been accomplished using cauda and/or ejaculated sperm incubated under a variety of conditions in defined media that mimic the electrolyte composition of the oviduct fluid. In most cases, these media contain energy substrates such as pyruvate, lactate, and glucose (depending on the species); a protein source that usually is serum albumin; NaHCO3; and Ca21. The action of these media components to promote capacitation at the molecular level is poorly understood and will be discussed in this review. This review is not intended to provide an ex-
Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4a BPSK/BPPM UWB Transmission (2007)

The IEEE 802.15.4a standard uses coded impulse-radio ultra-wideband (UWB) transmission with combined binary phase-shift keying/binary pulse-position modulation (BPSK/BPPM) and direct-sequence spreading with time hopping as physical layer. In this paper, semi-analytical expressions are derived to evaluate the bit-error rate (BER) performance for such a UWB system. Thereby, two different methods for generating reliability information (i.e., decoding metrics) for decoding of the convolutional code at the receiver, the use of time-varying spreading sequences, and suboptimal multipath combining employing a selective RAKE (SRAKE) front-end are included in the analysis. The presented numerical results show that (i) the devised BER approximations are very tight over a wide range of BERs, (ii) symbol-wise metrics are clearly advantageous over bit-wise metrics for decoding, and (iii) SRAKE combining with about 5-10 fingers is sufficient to closely approach the optimal performance for highly dispersive UWB transmission channels.
Production and Characterization of O/W Emulsions Containing Cationic Droplets Stabilized by Lecithin−Chitosan Membranes (2003)

Oil-in-water emulsions containing cationic droplets stabilized by lecithin-chitosan membranes were produced using a two-stage process. A primary emulsion was prepared by homogenizing 5 wt % corn oil with 95 wt % aqueous solution (1 wt % lecithin, 100 mM acetic acid, pH 3.0) using a high-pressure valve homogenizer. This emulsion was diluted with aqueous chitosan solutions to form secondary emulsions with varying compositions: 1 wt % corn oil, 0.2 wt % lecithin, 100 mM acetic acid, and 0-0.04 wt % chitosan (pH 3.0). The particle size distribution, particle charge, and creaming stability of the primary and secondary emulsions were measured. The electrical charge on the droplets increased from -49 to +54 mV as the chitosan concentration was increased from 0 to 0.04 wt %, which indicated that chitosan adsorbed to the droplet surfaces. The mean particle diameter of the emulsions increased dramatically and the emulsions became unstable to creaming when the chitosan concentration exceeded 0.008 wt %, which was attributed to charge neutralization and bridging flocculation effects. Sonication, blending, or homogenization could be used to disrupt flocs formed in secondary emulsions containing droplets with high positive charges, leading to the production of emulsions with relatively small particle diameters (approximately 1 microm). These emulsions had good stability to droplet aggregation at low pH (< or =5) and ionic strengths (<500 mM). The interfacial engineering technology utilized in this study could lead to the creation of food emulsions with improved stability to environmental stresses.
α‐Aminosäuren als nucleophile Acyläquivalente, IV. Synthese symmetrischer Ketone unter Verwendung von 2‐Phenyl‐2‐oxazolin‐5‐on (1980)

Das aus Hippursäure (1) leicht zugängliche 2-Phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-on (2) wird von Allyl-, Benzyl-oder Phenacylhalogeniden in 4-Stellung doppelt substituiert, wenn die Reaktion in dipolar aprotischen Lösungsmitteln in Gegenwart schwacher Basen durchgeführt wird. Hydrolyse der erhaltenen Oxazolinone 3 liefert α, α-disubstituierte Hippursäuren 4, die mit Bleitetraacetat zu symmetrischen Ketonen 5 oxidiert werden. α-Amino Acids as Nucleophilic Acyl Equivalents, IV. Synthesis of Symmetrical Ketones by Means of 2-Phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one 2-Phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one (2), itself easily derivable from hippuric acid (1), on reaction with allyl, benzyl or phenacyl halides undergoes 4,4-disubstitution, if the reaction is conducted in dipolar aprotic solvents in presence of weak bases. Hydrolysis of the resulting oxazolinones 3 leads to α, α-dialkylated hippuric acids 4, which may be oxidized to symmetrical ketones 5 by means of lead tetraacetate.
Electric-Field Control of Spin-Orbit Interaction for Low-Power Spintronics (2016)

Spintronics is regarded as a promising solution for resolving the major challenging issues related to the scaling of Si-based complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology as it offers the advantages of combing the spin and charge degrees of freedom. After decades of progress, the quintessence to achieve practical low-dissipation applications lies in the ability to manipulate magnetic states by electric field via several different physical mechanisms. Among them, the emergence of the spin-orbit coupling engineering has been shown to dramatically reduce energy dissipation and improve the performance as well as to multiply spintronic device possibilities and functionalities for a new generation of ultralow-power nonvolatile spintronic systems. This article provides a review of the current development including fundamental physics and experimental implementations of electric-field-controlled ferromagnetism in dilute magnetic semiconductors, voltage control of magnetic anisotropy, spin-orbit-torque-assisted magnetization switching, and antiferromagnetic (AFM) material-based spin-orbitronic systems. We provide an assessment in terms of scaling of energy, speed, and size. Finally, we offer an outlook of electric-field-controlled spintronic applications, particularly in view of their integration with CMOS to form hybrid spintronic circuits.
Dual Mechanisms whereby a Broken RNA End Assists the Catalysis of Its Repair by T4 RNA Ligase 2 (2005)

T4 RNA ligase 2 (Rnl2) efficiently seals 3'-OH/5'-PO4 RNA nicks via three nucleotidyl transfer steps. Here we show that the terminal 3'-OH at the nick accelerates the second step of the ligase pathway (adenylylation of the 5'-PO4 strand) by a factor of 1000, even though the 3'-OH is not chemically transformed during the reaction. Also, the terminal 2'-OH at the nick accelerates the third step (attack of the 3'-OH on the 5'-adenylated strand to form a phosphodiester) by a factor of 25-35, even though the 2'-OH is not chemically reactive. His-37 of Rnl2 is uniquely required for step 3, providing a approximately 10(2) rate acceleration. Biochemical epistasis experiments show that His-37 and the RNA 2'-OH act independently. We conclude that the broken RNA end promotes catalysis of its own repair by Rnl2 via two mechanisms, one of which (enhancement of step 3 by the 2'-OH) is specific to RNA ligation. Substrate-assisted catalysis provides a potential biochemical checkpoint during nucleic acid repair.
Ultrastructural and biochemical studies of two dynamically expressed cell surface determinants on Candida albicans (1986)

Variability in the expression of two different cell surface carbohydrate determinants was examined with two agglutinating immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibodies (H9 and C6) and immunoelectron microscopy during growth of three strains of Candida albicans. A single strain of Candida parapsilosis did not express either antigen at any time during growth. Antigens were detected on the surface of C. albicans by agglutination tests with either H9 or C6 over a 48-h growth period. The difference in specificities of the monoclonal antibodies was demonstrated by Ouchterlony double-diffusion tests with solubilized antigens and by variabilities in the reactivity of the agglutinins among yeast strains. The antigenic determinants were isolated by specific immunoprecipitation and protease digestion and characterized by methods including high-pressure liquid chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and mass spectroscopy with both chemical and electron ionization. These determinants both contain mannose and glucose. In the case of antigen H9, an additional carbohydrate was detected with gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The location of antigens on individual cells was determined by indirect labeling of the determinants, first reacting cells with H9 or C6 followed by goat anti-mouse antibody conjugated with 20-nm colloidal gold particles. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine cells. The antigens that were reactive with the monoclonal antibodies were associated with a flocculent surface layer. Expression of this layer and expression of the antigens is a dynamic process which is growth phase and strain dependent. The antigens were not expressed on very young cells and disappeared from the cell surface of most C. albicans strains with age. The use of monoclonal antibody to cell surface determinants may allow characterization of cell surface antigens of C. albicans and be helpful in establishing receptors which mediate adherence.
Human Fecal Flora: The Normal Flora of 20 Japanese-Hawaiians (1974)

Quantitative and qualitative examination of the fecal flora of 20 clinically healthy Japanese-Hawaiian males was carried out by using anaerobic tube culture techniques. Cultural counts were 93% of the microscopic clump counts. Isolated colonies were selected in a randomized manner to give an unbiased sampling of the viable bacterial types. Each isolate was characterized for species identification. From a total of 1,147 isolates, 113 distinct types of organisms were observed. Statistical estimates indicate that these types account for 94% of the viable cells in the feces. The quantitative composition of the flora of this group of people, together with differential characteristics of previously unreported species, is presented for those kinds of bacteria which each represented at least 0.05% of the flora.