gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Explosive-strength training improves 5-km running time by improving running economy and muscle power (1999)

To investigate the effects of simultaneous explosive-strength and endurance training on physical performance characteristics, 10 experimental (E) and 8 control (C) endurance athletes trained for 9 wk. The total training volume was kept the same in both groups, but 32% of training in E and 3% in C was replaced by explosive-type strength training. A 5-km time trial (5K), running economy (RE), maximal 20-m speed (V20 m), and 5-jump (5J) tests were measured on a track. Maximal anaerobic (MART) and aerobic treadmill running tests were used to determine maximal velocity in the MART (VMART) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). The 5K time, RE, and VMART improved (P < 0.05) in E, but no changes were observed in C. V20 m and 5J increased in E (P < 0.01) and decreased in C (P < 0.05). VO2 max increased in C (P < 0.05), but no changes were observed in E. In the pooled data, the changes in the 5K velocity during 9 wk of training correlated (P < 0.05) with the changes in RE [O2 uptake (r = -0.54)] and VMART (r = 0.55). In conclusion, the present simultaneous explosive-strength and endurance training improved the 5K time in well-trained endurance athletes without changes in their VO2 max. This improvement was due to improved neuromuscular characteristics that were transferred into improved VMART and running economy.
Analysis of Bacillus globigii spores by CE (2008)

It is imperative in today's world that harmful airborne or solution-based microbes can be detected quickly and efficiently. Bacillus globigii (Bg) spores are used as a simulant for Bacillus anthracis (Ba) due to their similar shape, size, and cellular makeup. The utility of CE to separate and detect low levels of Bg spore concentrations will be evaluated. To differentiate spores from background particulates, several dyes, including fluorescamine, C-10, NN-127, Red-1c, and indocyanine green (ICG), were utilized as noncovalent labels for proteins on the Bg spore surface, as well as for HSA and homoserine standards. On-column labeling, with dye present in the running buffer, was utilized to obtain greater sensitivity and better separation. CE with LIF detection enables interactions between the dye and spore surface proteins to be observed, with enhanced fluorescence occurring upon binding of the dye to surface protein. Resulting electropherograms showed unique fingerprints for each dye with Bg spores. Migration times were under 10 min for all dye-spore complexes, with net mobilities ranging from 3.5x10(-4) to 6.9x10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), and calibration curves yielded correlation coefficients of 0.98 or better for four of the dyes studied.
Gene Therapy of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease Using E1 Deleted Adenoviruses: A Phase I Trial. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1994)

I. Abstract Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defective ion transport across various epithelia. Multiple organ systems are affected in this disease; however, the pulmonary complications are the most morbid and life limiting. The primary defect in the lung appears to be abnormal mucociliary clearance. Isolation of the gene responsible for CF in 1989 provided impetus for the development of new therapies based on gene therapy. We propose in this protocol a phase I trial to assess the safety and feasibility of treating CF pulmonary disease by directly delivering CFTR-expressing, replication-defective adenoviruses to the airway. The rationale for this human protocol was based on extensive preclinical studies in a variety of animal models including human CF airway xenografts and nonhuman primates. In this protocol, 20 CF patients will be treated with CFTR-expressing virus and followed for a) evidence of CFTR gene transfer and expression, b) immunological responses to CFTR or adenoviral proteins, and c) toxicity. Adult CF patients with advanced disease who are considered acceptable candidates for bronchoscopy will be considered. A suspension of virus will be delivered to an isolated segment of the lung via a bronchoscope. Pulmonary samples will be harvested for analyses by follow-up bronchoscopies 4 days, 6 weeks, and 3 months following administration of the virus.
Genomic Aberrations and Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2000)

Genomic aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia are important independent predictors of disease progression and survival. These findings have implications for the design of risk-adapted treatment strategies.
Structured Nucleic Acid Probes for Electrochemical Devices (2009)

Abstract The use of nucleic acid with a specific sequence and a highly ordered secondary structure such as hairpins, quadruplexes and pseudoknots as biological recognition elements and switches in biosensors is rapidly increasing because of their improved features (e.g. selectivity) when compared with the traditional linear probes. Owing to the novelty, a critical outlook of their characteristics and a compilation of the latest advances are lacking. This article describes the potential of those nucleic acids probes whose molecular recognition ability relies on a conformational change (e.g. folding/unfolding mechanism) in electrochemical sensing. It provides an overview of the toolbox of assays using these probes for genosensors and aptasensors, highlighting its performance characteristics and the prospects and challenges for biosensor design.
<title>Fourier methods of improving reconstruction speed for CTIS imaging spectrometers</title> (2007)

A persistent barrier to the wider use of the Computed Tomographic Imaging Spectrometer (CTIS) has been the extraordinary demands it places on computational resources. Raw images can be obtained at snapshot speeds, but reconstructed datacubes typically require minutes of reconstruction time each. We present a new approach to the CTIS reconstruction problem which makes use of the spatial shift-invariance in a CTIS system to greatly reduce the dimensionality of the matrix inversion process performed during reconstruction. Preliminary results indicate that a speedup by a factor of 4000 is possible.
Differential Expression of Glutathione Reductase and Cytosolic Glutathione Peroxidase, GPX1, in Developing Rat Lungs and Kidneys (2002)

A mutant rat GPX1 (a cytosolic predominant form), in which the selenocysteine residue in the catalytic center was replaced by cysteine, was prepared and an antibody against the mutant enzyme was raised. The resultant antibody specifically reacted with rat GPX1 and was, together with the Glutathione reductase (GR) antibody, used in a Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry experiments. To elucidate the physiological coupling of these enzymes under oxidative stress which accompanies the birth, developmental changes of the protein levels and enzymatic activities of GR and GPX1 were examined for lungs and kidneys from prenatal fetus to adult rats. The expression of GR was already evident at the prenatal stage and remained high in lungs at all stages. However, GR activity in kidneys gradually increased after birth reaching maximal levels at adulthood. An immunohistochemical study showed that GR was strongly bound to the bronchial epithelia in lungs and the epithelial cells of renal tubes. GPX1 was expressed in the renal tube epithelial cells and its level gradually increased after birth in a manner similar to that of GR. The expression of GPX1 in the lungs was, on the other hand, variable and occurred in some alveolar cells and bronchial epithelia only at restricted periods. It preferentially localized in nuclei at a late stage of development. Thus, the expression of the two functionally coupled enzymes via GSH did not appear to coordinate with development, tissue localization or under oxidative stress. Since many gene products show GSH-dependent preoxidase activity, other peroxidase(s) may be induced to compensate for the low GPX1 levels at stages with high GR expression.
A complex ligase ribozyme evolved in vitro from a group I ribozyme domain (1999)

Like most proteins, complex RNA molecules often are modular objects made up of distinct structural and functional domains. The component domains of a protein can associate in alternative combinations to form molecules with different functions. These observations raise the possibility that complex RNAs also can be assembled from preexisting structural and functional domains. To test this hypothesis, an in vitro evolution procedure was used to isolate a previously undescribed class of complex ligase ribozymes, starting from a pool of 10(16) different RNA molecules that contained a constant region derived from a large structural domain that occurs within self-splicing group I ribozymes. Attached to this constant region were three hypervariable regions, totaling 85 nucleotides, that gave rise to the catalytic motif within the evolved catalysts. The ligase ribozymes catalyze formation of a 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage between adjacent template-bound oligonucleotides, one bearing a 3' hydroxyl and the other a 5' triphosphate. Ligation occurs in the context of a Watson-Crick duplex, with a catalytic rate of 0.26 min(-1) under optimal conditions. The constant region is essential for catalytic activity and appears to retain the tertiary structure of the group I ribozyme. This work demonstrates that complex RNA molecules, like their protein counterparts, can share common structural domains while exhibiting distinct catalytic functions.
Linkage analysis of 6p21 polymorphic markers and the hereditary hemochromatosis: localization of the gene centromeric to HLA-F (1993)

Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HFE) is one of the most common inherited disorders with an estimated frequency of homozygous patients of 0.002-0.0045. The disease is characterized by increased intestinal iron absorption and progressive iron overload. Affected subjects show clinical symptoms of parenchymal organ damage after the third-fourth decade of life and have a 200 fold increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Early diagnosis and treatment prevent complications and may normalize life expectancy of patients. The biochemical and genetic defects leading to progressive iron accumulation are still unknown, but the HFE gene is tightly linked to HLA complex on the short arm of chromosome 6. Utilizing HLA serotypes and the study of several polymorphic markers of 6p21, a linkage analysis of the disease locus was performed in a series of Italian hemochromatosis families. The data obtained by linkage analysis and the study of a family with a double recombinant allowed us to better define the HFE gene location with respect to HLA-class I A and F loci.
Digital imaging fluorescence microscopy: spatial heterogeneity of photobleaching rate constants in individual cells. (1985)

Photobleaching and related photochemical processes are recognized experimental barriers to quantification of fluorescence by microscopy. We have measured the kinetics of photobleaching of fluorophores in living and fixed cells and in microemulsions, and have demonstrated the spatial variability of these processes within individual cells. An inverted fluorescence microscope and a high-sensitivity camera, together with high-speed data acquisition by a computer-controlled image processor, have been used to control precisely exposure time to excitation light and to record images. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, 32 digital images were integrated. After correction for spatial variations in camera sensitivity and background fluorescence, the images of the relative fluorescence intensities for 0.065 micron2 areas in the object plane were obtained. To evaluate photobleaching objectively, an algorithm was developed to fit a three-parameter exponential equation to 20 images recorded from the same microscope field as a function of illumination time. The results of this analysis demonstrated that the photobleaching process followed first-order reaction kinetics with rate constants that were spatially heterogeneous and varied, within the same cell, between 2- and 65-fold, depending on the fluorophore. The photobleaching rate constants increased proportionally with increasing excitation intensity and, for benzo(a)pyrene, were independent of probe concentration over three orders of magnitude (1.25 microM to 1.25 mM). The propensity to photobleach was different with each fluorophore. Under the cellular conditions used in these studies, the average rates of photobleaching decreased in this order: N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)-23,24-dinor-5-cholen-22-amine-3 beta-ol greater than acridine orange greater than rhodamine-123 greater than benzo(a)pyrene greater than fluorescein greater than tetramethylrhodamine greater than 1,1'dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine. The photobleaching appears to be an oxidation reaction, in that the addition of saturated solutions of Na2S2O5 to mineral oil microemulsions eliminated photobleaching of N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)-23,24-dinor-5-cholen-22-amine-3 beta-ol or benzo(a)pyrene. We identified experimental conditions to observe, without detectable photobleaching, fluorophores in living cells, which can not be studied anaerobically. Useful images were obtained when excitation light was reduced to eliminate photobleaching, as determined from zero-time images calculated from the exponential fit routine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Algorithms for Finding Global Minimizers of Image Segmentation and Denoising Models (2006)

We show how certain nonconvex optimization problems that arise in image processing and computer vision can be restated as convex minimization problems. This allows, in particular, the finding of global minimizers via standard convex minimization schemes.
Non-Intrusive Device for Real-Time Circulatory System Assessment with Advanced Signal Processing Capabilities (2010)

This paper presents a device that uses three cardiography signals to characterize several important parameters of a subject’s circulatory system. Using electrocardiogram, finger photoplethysmogram, and ballistocardiogram, three heart rate estimates are acquired from beat-to-beat time interval extraction. Furthermore, pre-ejection period, pulse transit time (PTT), and pulse arrival time (PAT) are computed, and their long-term evolution is analyzed. The system estimates heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) from the heart rate and PAT time series, to infer the activity of the cardiac autonomic system. The software component of the device evaluates the frequency content of HRV and BPV, and also their fractal dimension and entropy, thus providing a detailed analysis of the time series’ regularity and complexity evolution, to allow personalized subject evaluation.
Voltage Gated Carbon Nanotube Membranes (2007)

Membranes composed of an array of aligned carbon nanotubes, functionalized with charged molecular tethers, show voltage gated control of ionic transport through the cores of carbon nanotubes. The functional density of tethered charge molecules is substantially increased by the use of electrochemical grafting of diazonium salts. Functionality can be forced to occur at the CNT tip entrances by fast fluid flow of an inert solvent through the core during electrochemical functionalization. The selectivity between Ru(bi-pyridine)(3)2+ and methyl viologen2+ flux is found to be as high as 23 with -130 mV bias applied to the membrane as the working electrode. Changes in the flux and selectivity support a model where charged tethered molecules at the tips are drawn into the CNT core at positive bias. For molecules grafted along the CNT core, negative bias extends the tethered molecules into the core. Electrostatically actuated tethers induce steric hindrance in the CNT core to mimic voltage gated ion channels in a robust large area platform.
Application of laser annealing techniques to increase channel mobility in silicon on sapphire transistors (1980)

Laser annealing techniques were successfully incorporated into standard metal-oxide-semiconductor silicon-on-sapphrie (MOS/SOS) processing to increase transistor channel mobility. Silicon islands were photolithographically defined and chemically etched (by KOH) on standard SOS wafers. The islands were exposed to radiation from an excimer laser (λ=2490 Å) having a pulse duration of 25 nsec, a beam size in the range 0.1–0.2 cm2, and an energy density in the range 0.5–1.0 J/cm2. Using standard processing techniques, MOS transistors were fabricated and characterized. It was found that MOS transistors fabricated over islands exposed to a beam having an energy density of 0.8 J/cm2 exhibit a 30% increase in channel mobility.
Mild Conditions for Copper‐Catalysed N‐Arylation of Pyrazoles (2004)

Abstract Copper‐catalysed N ‐arylation of pyrazoles with aryl or heteroaryl bromides or iodides, which can include functional substituents, was performed under the mildest conditions yet described, with excellent yields and selectivity, by the use as catalyst of a combination of cuprous oxide with a set of inexpensive, chelating oxime‐type ligands not previously known to promote such reactions. Other original bi‐, tri‐ or tetradentate ligands providing nitrogen and/or oxygen as chelating atoms were also successfully tested in this type of arylation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Stem cell biology: a never ending quest for understanding. (2005)

Stem cells (SC) research is an important part of biotechnology that could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. A lot of effort has been put to understand biology of the stem cells and to find genes and subsequently proteins that are responsible for their proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation. Different cytokines and growth factors has been used to expand stem cells, but no combination of these factors was identified that could effectively expand the most primitive stem cells. Recently, however, genes and receptors responsible for SC proliferation and differentiation have been described. Ligands for these receptors or these genes themselves are being already used for ex vivo expansion of stem cells and the first data are very promising. New markers, such as CXCR4 and CD133, have been discovered and shown to be present on surface of hematopoietic stem cells. The same markers were recently also found to be expressed on neuronal-, hepatic- or skeletal muscle-stem cells. By employing these markers several laboratories are trying to isolate stem cells for potential clinical use. New characteristics of stem cells such as transdifferentiation and cell fusion have been described. Our team has identified a population of tissue committed stem cells (TCSC). These cells are present in a bone marrow and in other tissues and they can differentiate into several cell types including cardiac, neural and liver cells.
Ultraviolet and blue discretely tunable double-pass fiber Raman laser (1997)

The experimental realization of a new ultraviolet and blue tunable fiber Raman laser, based on a simple double-pass fiber laser arrangement with Littrow-prism-tuned emission, is demonstrated. The third harmonic of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (λp=355 nm) is used to pump a 100-μm-core-diam multimode silica UV optical fiber. As a result of a single pass of the pump laser emission through the fiber, an initial multicascade Raman Stokes spectrum that contains up to 21 Stokes orders in the spectral range 360–527 nm at 1.9 GW/cm2 input pump intensity is generated. By using the double-pass regime of the fiber Raman laser and multimode fibers with different lengths, a discretely tunable generation corresponding to the various Stokes orders over the multicascade Stokes spectrum in the ultraviolet and blue regions (360–493 nm) is obtained.
Fabrication of biodegradable polymer scaffolds to engineer trabecular bone (1996)

We present a novel method for manufacturing three-dimensional, biodegradable poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) foam scaffolds for use in bone regeneration. The technique involves the formation of a composite material consisting of gelatin microspheres surrounded by a PLGA matrix. The gelatin microspheres are leached out leaving an open-cell foam with a pore size and morphology defined by the gelatin microspheres. The foam porosity can be controlled by altering the volume fraction of gelatin used to make the composite material. PLGA 50:50 was used as a model degradable polymer to establish the effect of porosity, pore size, and degradation on foam mechanical properties. The yield strengths and moduli in compression of PLGA 50:50 foams were found to decrease with increasing porosity according to power law relationships. These mechanical properties were however, largely unaffected by pore size. Foams with yield strengths up to 3.2 MPa were manufactured. From in vitro degradation studies we established that for PLGA 50:50 foams the mechanical properties declined in parallel with the decrease in molecular weight. Below a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 the foam had very little mechanical strength (0.02 MPa). These results indicate that PLGA 50:50 foams are not suitable for replacement of trabecular bone. However, the dependence of mechanical properties on porosity, pore size, and degree of degradation which we have determined will aid us in designing a biodegradable scaffold suitable for bone regeneration.
Hypothesis The Pruritus of Cholestasis: From Bile Acids to Opiate Agonists (1990)

HepatologyVolume 11, Issue 5 p. 884-887 Special ArticleFree Access Hypothesis the pruritus of cholestasis: From bile acids to opiate agonists Dr. E. Anthony Jones, Corresponding Author Dr. E. Anthony Jones Liver Diseases Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892Liver Diseases Section, Building 10, Room 4D52, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892===Search for more papers by this authorNora V. Bergasa, Nora V. Bergasa Liver Diseases Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892Search for more papers by this author Dr. E. Anthony Jones, Corresponding Author Dr. E. Anthony Jones Liver Diseases Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892Liver Diseases Section, Building 10, Room 4D52, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892===Search for more papers by this authorNora V. Bergasa, Nora V. Bergasa Liver Diseases Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892Search for more papers by this author First published: May 1990 https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840110526Citations: 151AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume11, Issue5May 1990Pages 884-887 ReferencesRelatedInformation