gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence and Sequence Analysis of E1 and pIX Regions of the BAV3 Genome (1993)

Bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV3) is a DNA virus that causes respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders in cattle. We have sequenced the extreme left end of BAV3 genome (0-11.7 map units). Partial analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed 19 potential open reading frames (ORFs) that could encode for polypeptides of 50 or more amino acids. Four of these ORFs show homology to known adenovirus polypeptides. The four BAV3 ORFs are located in approximately the same area as the Ad5 E1a, E1b, and pIX ORFs. ORF 1 has the potential to code for a 208 amino acid long polypeptide that is 75.5% homologous to the E1a conserved region III of Ad5. ORFs 2 and 3 encode 157 and 420 amino acid long polypeptide, respectively. The 157 amino acid polypeptides exhibits 69.3% homology to the Ad5 small T antigen, and the 420 amino acid polypeptide exhibits 73% homology to the large T antigen of Ad5. ORF4 has the potential to code for a 125 amino acid long polypeptide that has 73% homology to the hexon-associated pIX of Ad7.
Essential Role of Neutrophils in the Initiation and Progression of a Murine Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis (2001)

Neutrophils are prominent participants in the joint inflammation of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but the extent of their role in the inductive phase of joint inflammation is unknown. In the K/BxN mouse RA model, transfer of autoreactive Ig from the K/BxN mouse into mice induces a rapid and profound joint-specific inflammatory response reminiscent of human RA. We observed that after K/BxN serum transfer, the earliest clinical signs of inflammation in the ankle joint correlated with the presence of neutrophils in the synovial regions of recipient mouse ankle joints. In this study, we investigated the role of neutrophils in the early inflammatory response to transferred arthritogenic serum from the K/BxN transgenic mouse. Mice were treated with a neutrophil-depleting mAb before and following transfer of arthritogenic serum and scored for clinical indications of inflammation and severity of swelling in ankle joints and front paws. In the absence of neutrophils, mice were completely resistant to the inflammatory effects of K/BxN serum. Importantly, depletion of neutrophils in diseased recipient mice up to 5 days after serum transfer reversed the inflammatory reaction in the joints. Transfer of serum into mice deficient in the generation of nitrogen or oxygen radicals (inducible NO synthase 2 or gp91(phox) genes, respectively) gave normal inflammatory responses, indicating that neither pathway is essential for disease induction. These studies have identified a critical role for neutrophils in initiating and maintaining inflammatory processes in the joint.
Potentiometric Detection of DNA Molecules Using Field Effect Devices (2003)

Several types of DNA chips and DNA microarrays have been developed and some of them are used in the field of molecular biology. Although most of the current DNA chips and DNA microarrays are based on the fluorescent detection method, amperometric detection methods have been developed in combination with redox reagents. We investigated another approach to realize an electrochemical detection for DNA chips and the novel concept of a genetic field effect transistor (FET) is proposed in the present study. Detection of DNA molecules using a genetic FET is in principle based on charge density change at the gate insulator. Fundamental characteristics of a genetic FET are described.
Proliferation and differentiation potential of human CD8+ memory T-cell subsets in response to antigen or homeostatic cytokines (2003)

Four human CD8+ T-cell subsets, naive (CCR7+CD45RA+), central memory (TCM, CCR7+CD45RA-), effector memory (TEM, CCR7-CD45RA-), and CD45RA+ effector memory cells (TEMRA, CCR7-CD45RA+) were compared for their capacity to proliferate and differentiate in response to antigen or homeostatic cytokines. Cytokine responsiveness and interleukin-15 receptor expression were low in naive T cells and progressively increased from TCM to TEM and TEMRA. In contrast, the capacity to accumulate in response to T-cell receptor (TCR) or cytokine stimulation showed a reciprocal pattern and was associated with resistance to cell death and Bcl-2 expression. Whereas all TCR-stimulated cells acquired a CD45RA-CCR7- phenotype, cytokine-stimulated cells maintained their phenotype with the exception of TCM cells, which expressed CCR7, CD45RA, and perforin in various combinations. Single CD8+ TCM cells, but not TEM cells, could be expanded with cytokines, and the obtained clones displayed several distinct phenotypes, suggesting that TCM cells are heterogeneous. Consistently, CCR4 expression in the CD8+ TCM pool discriminated CCR4+ type 2 polarized cells (Tc2) and CCR4-CTL precursors. Finally, ex vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation experiments revealed that memory subsets have different in vivo proliferation rates, with CCR4-TCM having the highest turnover and TEMRA the lowest. These results show that human CD8+ memory T-cell subsets have different proliferation and differentiation potentials in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, they suggest that TEMRA cells are generated from a TCM subset upon homeostatic proliferation in the absence of antigen.
Optimization of an Enzymatic Antibody–Drug Conjugation Approach Based on Coenzyme A Analogs (2017)

Phosphopantetheine transferases (PPTases) can be used to efficiently prepare site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) by enzymatically coupling coenzyme A (CoA)-linker payloads to 11-12 amino acid peptide substrates inserted into antibodies. Here, a two-step strategy is established wherein in a first step, CoA analogs with various bioorthogonal reactivities are enzymatically installed on the antibody for chemical conjugation with a cytotoxic payload in a second step. Because of the high structural similarity of these CoA analogs to the natural PPTase substrate CoA-SH, the first step proceeds very efficiently and enables the use of peptide tags as short as 6 amino acids compared to the 11-12 amino acids required for efficient one-step coupling of the payload molecule. Furthermore, two-step conjugation provides access to diverse linker chemistries and spacers of varying lengths. The potency of the ADCs was largely independent of linker architecture. In mice, proteolytic cleavage was observed for some C-terminally linked auristatin payloads. The in vivo stability of these ADCs was significantly improved by reduction of the linker length. In addition, linker stability was found to be modulated by attachment site, and this, together with linker length, provides an opportunity for maximizing ADC stability without sacrificing potency.
Things You Should Know About Fronthaul (2015)

This paper provides a review of the new fronthaul network segment that appears in centralized radio access network (C-RAN) architecture. C-RAN drivers are presented under an operational, economic, and radio point of view. The different fronthaul interfaces are briefly described as they have to be taken into account to build a fronthaul transport solution. Then, fronthaul requirements are detailed going from the technical ones to the business ones. Finally, different fronthaul solutions are presented. Perspectives for medium term evolution including fronthaul supervision are hinted as well as challenges for future mobile evolution toward 5G.
Fear and Loathing of Central Banks in America (2002)

The Federal Reserve System is America?s uneasy compromise between our dislike of concentrated financial power and our desire to promote efficiency in our national payments system. In fact, the Federal Reserve is the nation?s third attempt to establish a large national bank?what we now call a central bank?that is in a unique position to influence a nation?s money and credit. This Commentary retells the story of the rise and fall of the two earlier national banks, the Banks of the United States.
Barehands (2001)

We describe Barehands, a free-handed interaction technique, in which the user can control the invocation of system commands and tools on a touch screen by touching it with distinct hand postures. Using behind-screen infrared (IR) illumination and a video camera with an IR filter, we enable a back-projected SMARTBoard (a commercially available, 61 3/8" x 47" touch-sensing display) to identify and respond to several distinct hand postures. Barehands provides a natural, quick, implement-free method of interacting with large, wall-mounted interactive surfaces.
Neuroimaging in Superficial Siderosis: An In-Depth Look (2009)

Despite extensive imaging, a source of bleeding is often not evident during the evaluation of patients with superficial siderosis (SS) of the central nervous system. An intraspinal fluid-filled collection of variable dimensions is frequently seen on spine MR imaging in patients with idiopathic SS. A similar finding has also been reported in patients with craniospinal hypotension. This review discusses the role of multitechnique imaging in the work-up of patients with SS and focuses on recent developments.
The IWSLT 2015 Evaluation Campaign (2015)

The IWSLT 2016 Evaluation Campaign featured two tasks: the translation of talks and the translation of video conference conversations. While the first task extends previously offered tasks with talks from a different source, the second task is completely new. For both tasks, three tracks were organised: automatic speech recognition (ASR), spoken language translation (SLT), and machine translation (MT). Main translation directions that were offered are English to/from German and English to French. Additionally, the MT track included English to/from Arabic and Czech, as well as French to English. We received this year run submissions from 11 research labs. All runs were evaluated with objective metrics, while submissions for two of the MT talk tasks were also evaluated with human post-editing. Results of the human evaluation show improvements over the best submissions of last year.
Genomic Instability and Metastatic Progression (1993)

Recently, there has been a growing body of opinion that tumour cells progress from a less malignant to a more malignant (metastatic) phenotype, due to an inherent instability within the genome. It has also been suggested that genomic instability and the rate of generation of metastatic variants both increase as the tumour cells achieve a higher state of malignancy. In this review, several different aspects of genomic instability have been discussed with particular reference to the low (F1) and high (BL6, ML8) metastatic variants of a B16 murine melanoma. The induced mutation frequency, gene amplification, and sister chromatid recombination correlated with the order of metastatic potential. Survival data for x-irradiation and bleomycin were similar between the three cell lines. When these agents were used to induce strand breakage, no difference was detectable in either the rate or extent of DNA single or double strand break repair. The fidelity of double strand break religation was measured using the PMH16 plasmid, and the frequency of homologous recombination was measured using the DR plasmid. Surprisingly, both of these parameters showed a correlation with metastasis which was opposite to the expected result, with regard to the concept of genomic instability. A basis for this might be the functional heterogeneity within the cell lines in respect of the properties measured. Therefore, some aspects of instability may have to be measured at a more critical level if they are to be of value in estimating the inherent instability of the genome.
NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neurological Diseases, from Functions to Therapies (2017)

Neuroinflammation has been identified as a causative factor of multiple neurological diseases. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a subcellular multiprotein complex that is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), can sense and be activated by a wide range of exogenous and endogenous stimuli such as microbes, aggregated and misfolded proteins, and adenosine triphosphate, which results in activation of caspase-1. Activated caspase-1 subsequently leads to the processing of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediates rapid cell death. IL-1β and IL-18 drive inflammatory responses through diverse downstream signaling pathways, leading to neuronal damage. Thus, the NLRP3 inflammasome is considered a key contributor to the development of neuroinflammation. In this review article, we briefly discuss the structure and activation the NLRP3 inflammasome and address the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in several neurological disorders, such as brain infection, acute brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we review a series of promising therapeutic approaches that target the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling including anti-IL-1 therapy, small molecule NLRP3 inhibitors and other compounds, however, these approaches are still experimental in neurological diseases. At present, it is plausible to generate cell-specific conditional NLRP3 knockout (KO) mice via the Cre system to investigate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which may be instrumental in the development of novel pharmacologic investigations for neuroinflammation-associated diseases.
Detection of West Nile and Japanese Encephalitis Viral Genome Sequences in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Acute Encephalitis Cases in Karachi, Pakistan (1994)

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on 24 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens collected between February and August 1992 detected genome sequence of West Nile (WN) virus in 8 specimens and Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in a single specimen. The results, combined with the data by IgM-ELISA on CSF indicated that a significant proportion of acute encephalitis cases in Karachi, Pakistan, were caused by WN virus infection, while JE virus caused a small fraction.
Heat shock protein 70/peptide complexes: potent mediators for the generation of antiviral T cells particularly with regard to low precursor frequencies (2011)

This study clearly demonstrates that HSP70/CMV-PC is a potent mediator to induce stronger T-cell responses compared to antiviral peptides. This simple and efficient technique may help to generate significant quantities of antiviral CTLs by cross-presentation. Thus, we propose HSP70 for chaperoning peptides to reach an efficient level of cross-presentation. HSP70/peptide complexes may be particularly useful to generate stronger T-cell responses in cases of low precursor frequencies and may help to improve the efficiency of antigen-specific T-cell therapy for minor antigens.
Clinical Phase I study with an Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Inhibitor: Experiences in patients with squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma (2010)

The present report describes our experience with the four patients with progressive squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that have received treatment with PPP. Despite more than seven months of PPP treatment as third or fourth line treatment, the reported patients did not develop any additional metastases. Furthermore, CT scans as well as (18)FDG-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans of the patients demonstrated large central necrotic areas, which may suggest tumor response. At the same time, the study drug is so far well tolerated. The phenomenon of necrosis in the tumors suggestive of tumor response has not been reported before in anti-IGF-1R treatment and will be subject to further studies in the present clinical trial.
Levetiracetam for Treatment-Refractory Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2006)

These preliminary data suggest that levetiracetam may be an effective treatment in combination with antidepressant therapy for patients with PTSD who remain symptomatic after initial intervention.
Functional Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae VHS3 Gene (2004)

The yeast gene VHS3 (YOR054c) has been recently identified as a multicopy suppressor of the G(1)/S cell cycle blockade of a conditional sit4 and hal3 mutant. Vhs3 is structurally related to Hal3, a negative regulatory subunit of the Ser/Thr protein phosphatase Ppz1 important for cell integrity, salt tolerance, and cell cycle control. Phenotypic analyses using vhs3 mutants and overexpressing strains clearly show that Vhs3 has functions reminiscent to those of Hal3 and contrary to those of Ppz1. Mutation of Vhs3 His(459), equivalent to the supposedly functionally relevant His(90) in the plant homolog AtHal3a, did not affect Vhs3 functions mentioned above. Similarly to Hal3, Vhs3 binds in vivo to the C-terminal catalytic moiety of Ppz1 and inhibits in vitro its phosphatase activity. Therefore, our results indicate that Vhs3 plays a role as an inhibitory subunit of Ppz1. We have found that the vhs3 and hal3 mutations are synthetically lethal. Remarkably, lethality is not suppressed by deletion of PPZ1, PPZ2, or both phosphatase genes, indicating that it is not because of an excess of Ppz phosphatase activity. Furthermore, a Vhs3 version carrying the H459A mutation did not rescue the synthetically lethal phenotype. A conditional vhs3 tetO:HAL3 double mutant displays, in the presence of doxycycline, a flocculation phenotype that is dependent on the presence of Flo8 and Flo11. These results indicate that, besides its role as Ppz1 inhibitory subunit, Vhs3 (and probably Hal3) might have important Ppz-independent functions.
Use of β-Blockers and Risk of Fractures (2004)

Our data suggest that current use of beta-blockers is associated with a reduced risk of fractures, taken alone as well as in combination with thiazide diuretics. Many elderly patients with hypertension who are at risk of developing osteoporosis may potentially benefit from combined therapy with beta-blockers and thiazides.
Lactococcus lactis as a Cell Factory for High-Level Diacetyl Production (2000)

We report the engineering of Lactococcus lactis for the efficient conversion of sugar into diacetyl by combining NADH-oxidase overproduction and alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase inactivation. Eighty percent of the carbon flux was found to be rerouted via alpha-acetolactate to the production of diacetyl by preloading the cells with NADH-oxidase before their use as a cell factory.
On the computational power of DNA annealing and ligation (1996)

In [20] it was shown that the DNA primitives of Separate, Merge, and Amplify were not sufficiently powerful to invert functions defined by circuits in linear time.Dan Boneh et al [4] show that the addition of a ligation primitive, Append, provides the missing power.The question becomes, "How powerful is ligation?Are Separate, Merge, and Amplify necessary at all?"This paper proposes to informally explore the power of annealing and ligation for DNA computation.We conclude, in fact , that annealing and ligation alone are theoretically capable of universal computation.
High-level Coexpression of JAG1 and NOTCH1 Is Observed in Human Breast Cancer and Is Associated with Poor Overall Survival (2005)

Aberrant activation of Notch receptors has been shown to cause mammary tumors in mice. We therefore used in situ hybridization to analyze expression of Notch ligands and receptors in human breast cancer. High levels of JAG1 and NOTCH1 were noted in a subset of tumors with poor prognosis pathologic features (P < 0.05). We therefore used tissue microarrays to analyze the expression of these genes in a collection of breast cancers from patients representing a wide spectrum of clinical stages, and from whom associated follow-up survival data was available (n = 184). Patients with tumors expressing high levels of JAG1 or NOTCH1 had a significantly poorer overall survival compared with patients expressing low levels of these genes [5-year survival rate of 42% versus 65% and median survival of 50 versus 83 months, respectively, for JAG1(Hi vs. Lo) (P = 0.01); 49% versus 64% and 53 versus 91 months, respectively, for NOTCH1(Hi vs. Lo) (P = 0.02)]. Moreover, a synergistic effect of high-level JAG1 and high-level NOTCH1 coexpression on overall survival was observed (5-year survival rate of 32% and median survival of 40 months; P = 0.003). These data (a) identify novel prognostic markers for breast cancer, (b) suggest a mechanism whereby Notch is activated in aggressive breast tumors, and (c) may identify a signaling pathway activated in poor prognosis breast cancer which can be therapeutically targeted.
Affinity transfer by CDR grafting on a nonimmunoglobulin scaffold (2004)

Neocarzinostatin (NCS) is a small "all beta" protein displaying the same overall fold as immunoglobulins. This protein possesses a well-defined hydrophobic core and two loops structurally equivalent to the CDR1 and CDR3 of immunoglobulins. NCS is the most studied member of the enediynechromoprotein family, and is clinically used as an antitumoral agent. NCS has promise as a drug delivery vehicle if new binding specificities could be conferred on its protein scaffold. Previous studies have shown that the binding specificity of the crevasse can be extended to compounds completely unrelated to the natural enediyne chromophore family. We show here that it is possible to introduce new interaction capacities to obtain a protein useful for drug targeting by modifying the immunoglobulin CDR-like loops. We transferred the CDR3 of the VHH chain of camel antilysozyme immunoglobulin to the equivalent site in the corresponding loop of neocarzinostatin. We then evaluated the stability of the resulting structure and its affinity for lysozyme. The engineered NCS-CDR3 presents a structure similar to that of the wild-type NCS, and is stable and efficiently produced. ELISA, ITC, and SPR measurements demonstrated that the new NCS-CDR3 specifically bound lysozyme.
Growth of highly oriented carbon nanotubes by plasma-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition (1998)

Highly oriented, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were grown on polished polycrystalline and single crystal nickel substrates by plasma enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition at temperatures below 666 °C. The carbon nanotubes range from 10 to 500 nm in diameter and 0.1 to 50 μm in length depending on growth conditions. Acetylene is used as the carbon source for the growth of the carbon nanotubes and ammonia is used for dilution gas and catalysis. The plasma intensity, acetylene to ammonia gas ratio, and their flow rates, etc. affect the diameters and uniformity of the carbon nanotubes.