gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a grow-cell test facility for research into sustainable controlled-environment agriculture (2016)

The grow-cell belongs to a relatively new category of plant factory in the horticultural industry, for which the motivation is the maximization of production and the minimization of energy consumption. This article takes a systems design approach to identify the engineering requirements of a new grow-cell facility, with the prototype based on a 12 m × 2.4 m × 2.5 m shipping container. Research contributions are made in respect to: (i) the design of a novel conveyor-irrigation system for mechanical movement of plants; (ii) tuning of the artificial light source for plant growth; and (iii) investigations into the environmental conditions inside the grow-cell, including the temperature and humidity. In particular, the conveyor-irrigation and lighting systems are optimised in this article to make the proposed grow-cell more effective and sustainable. With regard to micro-climate, data are collected from a distributed sensor array to provide improved understanding of the heterogeneous conditions arising within the grow-cell, with a view to future optimisation. Preliminary growth trials demonstrate that Begonia semperflorens can be harvested to the satisfaction of a commercial grower. In future research, the prototype unit thus developed can be used to investigate production rates, plant quality and whole system operating costs.
Preemptive virtual clock (2009)

Future many-core chip multiprocessors (CMPs) and systems-on-a-chip (SOCs) will have numerous processing elements executing multiple applications concurrently. These applications and their respective threads will interfere at the on-chip network level and compete for shared resources such as cache banks, memory controllers, and specialized accelerators. Often, the communication and sharing patterns of these applications will be impossible to predict off-line, making fairness guarantees and performance isolation difficult through static thread and link scheduling. Prior techniques for providing network quality-of-service (QOS) have too much algorithmic complexity, cost (area and/or energy) or performance overhead to be attractive for on-chip implementation. To better understand the preferred solution space, we define desirable features and evaluation metrics for QOS in a network-on-a-chip (NOC). Our insights lead us to propose a novel QOS system called Preemptive Virtual Clock (PVC). PVC provides strong guarantees, reduces packet delay variation, and enables efficient reclamation of idle network bandwidth without per-flow buffering at the routers and with minimal buffering at the source nodes. PVC averts priority inversion through preemption of lower-priority packets. By controlling preemption aggressiveness, PVC enables a trade-off between the strength of the guarantees and overall throughput. Finally, PVC simplifies network management through a flexible allocation mechanism that enables per-application bandwidth provisioning independent of thread count and supports transparent bandwidth recycling among an application's threads.
Expression of the human amylase genes: recent origin of a salivary amylase promoter from an actin pseudogene (1988)

The human genes encoding salivary amylase (AMY1) and pancreatic amylase (AMY2) are nearly identical in structure and sequence. We have used ribonuclease protection studies to identify the functional gene copies in this multigene family. Riboprobes derived from each gene were hybridized to RNA from human pancreas, parotid and liver. The sizes of the protected fragments demonstrated that both pancreatic genes are expressed in pancreas. One of the pancreatic genes, AMY2B, is also transcribed at a low level in liver, but not from the promoter used in pancreas. AMY1 transcripts were detected in parotid, but not in pancreas or liver. Unexpected fragments protected by liver RNA led to the discovery that the 5' regions of the five human amylase genes contain a processed gamma-actin pseudogene. The promoter and start site for transcription of AMY1 are recently derived from the 3' untranslated region of gamma-actin. In addition, insertion of an endogenous retrovirus has interrupted the gamma-actin pseudogene in four of the five amylase genes.
Visually Indicated Sounds (2016)

Objects make distinctive sounds when they are hit or scratched. These sounds reveal aspects of an object's material properties, as well as the actions that produced them. In this paper, we propose the task of predicting what sound an object makes when struck as a way of studying physical interactions within a visual scene. We present an algorithm that synthesizes sound from silent videos of people hitting and scratching objects with a drumstick. This algorithm uses a recurrent neural network to predict sound features from videos and then produces a waveform from these features with an example-based synthesis procedure. We show that the sounds predicted by our model are realistic enough to fool participants in a "real or fake" psychophysical experiment, and that they convey significant information about material properties and physical interactions.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of CTLA4lg (BMS-188667), a Novel Immunosuppressive Agent, in Monkeys following Multiple Doses (1996)

The dose proportionality and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of CTLA4Ig, an immunosuppressive drug under development, were investigated in 12 cynomolgus monkeys in a parallel study. The activity of CTLA4Ig in suppressing the immunoresponses to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) was also assessed. Two monkeys per gender were randomly assigned to one of the three dose levels, 1.0, 2.9, and 8.7 mg/kg of CTLA4Ig. The monkeys in each dose level received the assigned intravenous dose of CTLA4Ig by a bolus injection into a saphenous vein on days 1, 4, 8, 11, 15, and 18. Immediately after the administration of CTLA4Ig on day 1, each monkey was challenged with SRBC. Serial blood samples were collected up to 720 h following administration of CTLA4Ig on day 18 (last dose). In addition, predose blood samples were obtained on days 1, 4, 8, 11, 15, and 18. Serum samples were analyzed for the concentrations of CTLA4Ig using a validated ELISA method. The data obtained were subjected to noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses. The serum concentrations of CTLA4Ig attained steady state by day 11 regardless of the dose levels. The mean AUC0-720 values of CTLA4Ig increased in a dose proportional manner. The mean values of Cmax increased in a ratio of 1:3:3:8:5 while the dose administered increased in a ratio of 1:3:9. Predose serum concentrations (Cmin) of CTLA4Ig increased in a dose proportional manner. The mean T1/2 values were not significantly different among the dose groups, suggesting that the elimination characteristics of CTLA4Ig were not altered as the dose increased. Dose-related immunosuppressive activity of CTLA4Ig (78-98% inhibition) was observed in monkeys immunized intravenously with SRBC. In conclusion, CTLA4Ig exhibits linear kinetics and demonstrates significant immunosuppressive activity over a dose range of 1.0-8.7 mg/kg in monkeys.
Nuclear dynamics of parthenogenesis of bovine oocytes matured in vitro for 20 and 40 hours and activated with combined ethanol and cycloheximide treatment (1994)

Bovine oocytes matured in vitro (IVM) for 20 hr vs. 40 hr were treated for activation with 7% ethanol in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline for 5 min followed by incubation in M199 + 7.5% fetal calf serum containing cycloheximide (10 micrograms/ml). Treated IVM oocytes and the controls (no ethanol and cycloheximide exposures) were fixed after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 20 hr of incubation and stained 24 hr later with 1% acetoorcein to examine nuclear events. Different stages of nuclear development of the activated oocytes were identified on the basis of nuclear and chromosomal morphology. Pronuclear development was classified into four stages (PN I, II, III, and IV) according to pronuclear progression in chromatin decondensation, nucleoplasm appearance, and nuclear size. The results demonstrated that the combined activation treatment effectively drove the IVM oocytes, both young (20 hr) and aging (40 hr), out of metaphase arrest. The activation rates for young oocytes examined immediately after 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, and 20 hr of incubation with cycloheximide were, respectively, 7%, 24%, 77%, 96%, 92%, 97%, 98%, 93%, and 98%. For aging oocytes (40 hr) the corresponding activation values at the same time intervals were 6%, 84%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 98%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those for the corresponding controls. The activated aging oocytes achieved peak activation response more rapidly than did young oocytes. In addition, nuclear events in aging oocytes proceeded faster than those in young ones. Spontaneous activation rates of the aging oocytes were also higher (6-57%) than those of the young ones (0-14%).
An efficient and catalytically enantioselective route to (S)-(-)-phenyloxirane (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn efficient and catalytically enantioselective route to (S)-(-)-phenyloxiraneE. J. Corey, Saizo Shibata, and Raman K. BakshiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 12, 2861–2863Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00247a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00247a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8934Altmetric-Citations359LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
EVALUATION OF LOW-ENERGY EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK-WAVE APPLICATION FOR TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PLANTAR FASCIITIS (2002)

Three treatments with 1000 impulses of low-energy shock waves appear to be an effective therapy for plantar fasciitis and may help the patient to avoid surgery for recalcitrant heel pain. In contrast, three applications of ten impulses did not improve symptoms substantially.
Classifying tissue and structure in echocardiograms (1994)

The authors present a system to automatically classify structures and tissues in echocardiogram images. The approach uses a multiple-feature, hierarchical, fuzzy, neural network fusion solution to the problem. The technique appears to work well. The technique is general and can be applied to a variety of image processing problems not only in the medicine but other areas as well. The processing presented here is computationally expensive; every pixel is processed independently. However, there are several ways to improve performance. The most obvious is to take advantage of the parallelism. In addition, every pixel need not be processed. If only large cardiac structures, such as the left ventricle, need be classified, then processing of the compressed image through the binary nets is sufficient. Neighboring class information may be used as well. Finally, the authors have not accounted for time in the processing. There is a high degree of redundancy in the successive frames of video images. It is anticipated that including temporal information will increase both statistical and computational performance. Temporal information will also force smoothing of the images over time and give better classification performance to even those areas that do not move.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Recent Developments of the Synthetic Biology Toolkit for Clostridium (2018)

The <i>Clostridium</i> genus is a large, diverse group consisting of Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobic firmicutes. Among this group are historically notorious pathogens as well as several industrially relevant species with the ability to produce chemical commodities, particularly biofuels, from renewable biomass. Additionally, other species are studied for their potential use as therapeutics. Although metabolic engineering and synthetic biology have been instrumental in improving product tolerance, titer, yields, and feed stock consumption capabilities in several organisms, low transformation efficiencies and lack of synthetic biology tools and genetic parts make metabolic engineering within the <i>Clostridium</i> genus difficult. Progress has recently been made to overcome challenges associated with engineering various <i>Clostridium</i> spp. For example, developments in CRISPR tools in multiple species and strains allow greater capability to produce edits with greater precision, faster, and with higher efficiencies. In this mini-review, we will highlight these recent advances and compare them to established methods for genetic engineering in <i>Clostridium</i>. In addition, we discuss the current state and development of <i>Clostridium</i>-based promoters (constitutive and inducible) and reporters. Future progress in this area will enable more rapid development of strain engineering, which would allow for the industrial exploitation of <i>Clostridium</i> for several applications including bioproduction of several commodity products.
No Bit Left Behind: The Limits of Heap Data Compression (Extended Version TR-08-17) (2008)

On one hand, the high cost of memory continues to drive demand for memory efficiency on embedded and general purpose computers. On the other hand, programmers are increasingly turning to managed languages like Java for their functionality, programmability, and reliability. Managed languages, however, are not known for their memory efficiency, creating a tension between productivity and performance. This paper examines the sources and types of memory inefficiencies in a set of Java benchmarks. Although prior work has proposed specific heap data compression techniques, they are typically restricted to one model of inefficiency. This paper generalizes and quantitatively compares previously proposed memorysaving approaches and idealized heap compaction. It evaluates a variety of models based on strict and deep object equality, field value equality, removing bytes that are zero, and compressing fields and arrays with a limited number and range of values. The results show that substantial memory reductions are possible in the Java heap. For example, removing bytes that are zero from arrays is particularly effective, reducing the application’s memory footprint by 41% on average. We are the first to combine multiple savings models on the heap, which very effectively reduces the application by up to 86%, on average 58%. These results demonstrate that future work should be able to combine a high productivity programming language with memory efficiency.
Cisapride inhibits meal‐stimulated gastric acid secretion and post‐prandial gastric acidity in subjects with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (2002)

The cisapride-induced decreases in meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion, gastric acidity and oesophageal acidity in subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease can account for its beneficial clinical effects. These results also raise the possibility that gastric KCNQ1 potassium channels are important in meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and possibly in the pathophysiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
The safe threshold for gluten contamination in gluten‐free products. Can trace amounts be accepted in the treatment of coeliac disease? (2004)

The threshold for gluten-contamination can safely be set at 100 ppm. Provided that the daily flour intake is even 300 g, a level of 100 ppm results in 30 mg of gluten intake. This has been shown to be safe, when correlated to histology, in clinical and challenge studies. The level can be achieved by the industry, and does not make the diet too cumbersome.
Bipolar disorder: candidate drug targets (2008)

Current pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder is generally unsatisfactory for a large number of patients. Even with adequate modern bipolar pharmacological therapies, many afflicted individuals continue to have persistent mood episode relapses, residual symptoms, functional impairment, and psychosocial disability. Creating novel therapeutics for bipolar disorder is urgently needed. Promising drug targets and compounds for bipolar disorder worthy of further study include both systems and intracellular pathways and targets. Specifically, the purinergic system, the dynorphin opioid neuropeptide system, the cholinergic system (muscarinic and nicotinic systems), the melatonin and serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C] system, the glutamatergic system, and the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis have all been implicated. Intracellular pathways and targets worthy of further study include glycogen synthase kinase-3 protein, protein kinase C, and the arachidonic acid cascade.
DNA damage signalling and NF-κB: implications for survival and death in mammalian cells (2001)

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), p53 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are transcription factors that are known to regulate cell fate in response to apoptotic stimuli. They may, therefore, represent components of drug responses that determine drug efficacy. This review will describe data illustrating some recent progress in our understanding of the mechanism of NF-κB activation after treatment of cells with DNA-damaging anti-cancer drugs. Furthermore, it will discuss how this and other transcriptional events, including STAT transcription factor activation, may effect the promotion or attenuation of apoptosis in target cells. In this regard, certain STAT family members may lie downstream of signalling pathways that are activated after DNA damage. Finally, it will be discussed how proteins normally linked with DNA damage signalling such as p53 may be regulated in response to physiological signals, revealing their role in developmental checkpoints such as differentiation commitment.
Parameter relations for the Shinnar-Le Roux selective excitation pulse design algorithm (NMR imaging) (1991)

An overview of the Shinnar-Le Roux (SLR) algorithm is presented. It is shown how the performance of SLR pulses can be very accurately specified analytically. This reveals how to design a pulse that produces a specified slice profile and allows the pulse designer to trade off analytically the parameters describing the pulse performance. Several examples are presented to illustrate the more important tradeoffs. These include linear-phase and minimum- and maximum-phase pulses. Linear-phase pulses can be refocused with a gradient reversal and can be used as spin-echo pulses. Minimum- and maximum-phase pulses have better slice profiles, but cannot be completely refocused.
Neuropeptide dietary supplement N-PEP-12 enhances cognitivefunction and activates brain bioelectrical activity in healthyelderly subjects (2005)

N-PEP-12 is a dietary supplement consisting of neuropeptides and amino acids. In animal experiments, the compound has been shown to enhance cognitive function and reduce neurodegenerative events associated with aging. In this study, we investigated the effects of a single oral dose of N-PEP-12 (180 mg) on brain bioelectrical activity and cognitive performance in healthy elderly subjects. N-PEP-12 induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in relative alpha-activity power 6 h after administration. This enhancement was accompanied by a generalized decrease in slow Delta-activity. Significant improvement in memory performance subtests was also seen 6 h after N-PEP-12 administration in some but not in all tests. Taken together, these data suggest that N-PEP-12 might be a reliable dietary supplement to be investigated for improving and, perhaps, maintaining brain function among healthy older adults.
High level transactivation by the ecdysone receptor complex at the core recognition motif (1998)

Ecdysteroid signaling in insects is mediated by the ecdysone receptor complex that is composed of a heterodimer of the ecdysone receptor and Ultraspiracle. The DNA binding specificity plays a critical role of defining the repertoire of target genes that respond to the hormone. We report here the determination of the preferred core recognition motif by a binding site selection procedure. The consensus sequence consists of a perfect palindrome of the heptameric half-site sequence GAGGTCA that is separated by a single A/T base pair. No binding polarity of the ecdysone receptor/Ultraspiracle heterodimer to the core recognition motif was observed. This core motif mediated the highest level of ligand-induced transactivation when compared to a series of synthetic ecdysone response elements and to the natural element of the Drosophila hsp27 gene. This is the first report of a palindromic sequence identified as the highest affinity DNA binding site for a heterodimeric nuclear hormone receptor complex. We further present evidence that the ligand of the ecdysone receptor preferentially drives Ultraspiracle from a homodimer into a heterodimer. This mechanism might contribute additionally to a tight control of target gene expression.
Mutant Mouse Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders (2012)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by a triad of specific behavioral traits: abnormal social interactions, communication deficits and stereotyped or repetitive behaviors. Several recent studies showed that ASDs have a strong genetic basis, contributing to the discovery of a number of ASD-associated genes. Due to the genetic complexity of these disorders, mouse strains with targeted deletion of ASD genes have become an essential tool to investigate the molecular and neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying ASD. Here we will review the most relevant genetic mouse models developed by targeted inactivation of ASD-associated genes, and discuss their importance for the development of novel pharmacological therapies of these disorders.