gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aureole nanofibers by electrospinning of PAMAM‐PEO solution (2009)

Abstract Poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer‐polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibers as dendrimeric‐polymeric composite nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning of PEO solution containing PAMAM dendrimer. The resultant fibers were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology and thermal properties of PEO nanofibers with and without PAMAM dendrimer were compared and the effect of PAMAM concentration on morphology and thermal properties of the resultant fibers was studied. The fibers had a size range of about 400–1300 nanometer in diameter with aureole morphology in most regions. The phase change temperature, phase transition heat, and the crystallinity of the produced composite fibers were determined by DSC analyses. TGA was also used to confirm the presence of PAMAM and to determine the amount of it within the fibers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Biallelic transcriptional activation of oncogenic transcription factors in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2003)

Aberrant expression of transcription factor oncogenes such as HOX11, HOX11L2, TAL1/SCL, LYL1, LMO1, and LMO2 can be detected in lymphoblasts from up to 80% of patients with acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Transcriptional activation of these oncogenes in leukemic cells typically results from chromosomal rearrangements that place them next to highly active cis-acting transcriptional regulatory elements. However, biallelic activation of TAL1 in some T-ALL cases has been previously proposed. We have used allele-specific mRNA analysis to show that trans-acting mechanisms leading to biallelic overexpression of TAL1 are involved in 10 (42%) of 24 TAL1+ informative T-ALL cases, 2 (17%) of 12 HOX11+ informative cases, and 7 (64%) of 11 LMO2+ informative cases. We propose that aberrant expression of oncogenic transcription factors in a significant fraction of T-ALLs may result from loss of the upstream transcriptional mechanisms that normally down-regulate the expression of these oncogenes during T-cell development.
One Tera-Sample/sec Real-Time Transient Digitizer (2006)

We demonstrate a real-time transient digitizer with a record 1 TSa/s (Tera-Sample/sec) sampling rate. This is accomplished by using a photonic time stretch preprocessor which slows down the electrical waveform before it is captured by an electronic digitizer.
Constitutive expression of the virulence genes improves the efficiency of plant transformation by Agrobacterium. (1994)

Inducible virulence (vir) genes of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid are under control of a two-component regulatory system. In response to environmental factors (phenolic compounds, sugars, pH) VirA protein phosphorylates VirG, which in turn interacts with the promoters of other vir genes, causing induction. A mutation of virG, virGN54D (which codes for a Asn-54-->Asp amino acid change in the product), causes constitutive expression of other vir genes independent of virA. We have investigated whether providing Agrobacterium with a plasmid containing virGN54D augments the efficiency of transfer of the T-DNA (transferred DNA). For both tobacco and cotton, we observed an enhancement of transformation efficiency when the inciting Agrobacterium strain carries the virGN54D mutation. We also tested whether supplying Agrobacterium with a similar plasmid containing wild-type virG affects the efficiency of T-DNA transfer. An intermediate efficiency was observed when this plasmid was employed. Using a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene to assess transient expression of T-DNA after transfer to tobacco and maize tissues, we observed a higher frequency of GUS-expressing foci after inoculation with Agrobacterium strains carrying virGN54D than with Agrobacterium carrying the wild-type virG. Gene-transfer efficiency to maize by an octopine strain was greatly improved upon introduction of virGN54D. Multiple copies of wild-type virG were equally effective in promoting transient expression efficiency in tobacco but were virtually ineffective in maize. We propose the use of virGN54D to improve the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, especially for recalcitrant plant species.
Proof-of-Concept Trial of an α7 Nicotinic Agonist in Schizophrenia (2006)

An alpha7 nicotinic agonist appears to have positive effects on neurocognition in persons with schizophrenia. Longer trials are needed to determine the clinical utility of this novel treatment strategy.
Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization in the Presence of Metallic Copper. Comproportionation–Disproportionation Equilibria and Kinetics (2013)

This article is the first in a series of papers, describing reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) in the presence of metallic copper. The aim of these papers is to determine the proportions and roles of Cu0, CuIBr/L, and CuIIBr2/L, and the overall reaction mechanism. This paper is focused on the comproportionation and disproportionation equilibrium between Cu0, CuIBr/L and CuIIBr2/L in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for various surface areas of Cu0 and different ligand concentrations, in both the absence and presence of methyl acrylate (MA). Comproportionation dominated disproportionation when there was enough ligand present in the reaction medium to stabilize all soluble copper species. The relative amount of CuI at comproportionation/disproportionation equilibrium increased with ligand concentration. CuI represents approximately 99.95% of all soluble Cu species in MA/DMSO = 2/1 (v/v) at the ratio [Me6TREN]0:[CuIIBr2]0 = 6:1. Under typical polymerization conditions, there is essentially no disproportionation, since the ratio [Me6TREN]:[CuII] is very large, starting from infinity and decreasing down to 6.7, for ∼3% terminated chains under the initial conditions [MA]0:[MBrP]0:[Me6TREN]0 = 222:1:0.1, in 33.3% (v/v) DMSO, with excess Cu0. The kinetics of comproportionation and disproportionation were both slow, requiring hours to reach equilibrium. The apparent rate coefficients for comproportionation and disproportionation were calculated as kcompapp = 9.0 × 10–4 cm s–1 and kdispapp = 2.0 × 10–5 cm s–1 in DMSO, as well as 3.5 × 10–3 cm s–1 and 3.1 × 10–6 cm s–1 in MA/DMSO = 2/1 (v/v), respectively. The results of this study invalidate the assumption of instantaneous and complete disproportionation, proposed in single-electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET-LRP). These findings agree with Cu0 acting as a supplemental activator and reducing agent in atom transfer radical polymerization (SARA ATRP).
The Coordinated Action of CC Chemokines in the Lung Orchestrates Allergic Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness (1998)

The complex pathophysiology of lung allergic inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) that characterize asthma is achieved by the regulated accumulation and activation of different leukocyte subsets in the lung. The development and maintenance of these processes correlate with the coordinated production of chemokines. Here, we have assessed the role that different chemokines play in lung allergic inflammation and BHR by blocking their activities in vivo. Our results show that blockage of each one of these chemokines reduces both lung leukocyte infiltration and BHR in a substantially different way. Thus, eotaxin neutralization reduces specifically BHR and lung eosinophilia transiently after each antigen exposure. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-5 neutralization abolishes BHR not by affecting the accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes in the airways, but rather by altering the trafficking of the eosinophils and other leukocytes through the lung interstitium. Neutralization of RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) receptor(s) with a receptor antagonist decreases significantly lymphocyte and eosinophil infiltration as well as mRNA expression of eotaxin and RANTES. In contrast, neutralization of one of the ligands for RANTES receptors, macrophage-inflammatory protein 1alpha, reduces only slightly lung eosinophilia and BHR. Finally, MCP-1 neutralization diminishes drastically BHR and inflammation, and this correlates with a pronounced decrease in monocyte- and lymphocyte-derived inflammatory mediators. These results suggest that different chemokines activate different cellular and molecular pathways that in a coordinated fashion contribute to the complex pathophysiology of asthma, and that their individual blockage results in intervention at different levels of these processes.
Cardiopulmonary Complications of Sickle Cell Disease: Role of Nitric Oxide and Hemolytic Anemia (2005)

Medical advances in the management of patients with sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and other hemolytic anemias have led to significant increases in life expectancy. Improved public health, neonatal screening, parental and patient education, advances in red cell transfusion medicine, iron chelation therapy, penicillin prophylaxis for children, pneumococcal immunization, and hydroxyurea therapy have all likely contributed to this effect on longevity. Importantly, as a generation of patients with sickle cell disease and thalassemia ages, new chronic complications of these hemoglobinopathies develop. In this context, pulmonary hypertension is emerging as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in adult sickle cell and thalassemia patients, and likely in patients with other hemolytic anemias. A common feature of both sickle cell disease and thalassemia is intravascular hemolysis and chronic anemia. Recent data suggest that chronic intravascular hemolysis is associated with a state of endothelial dysfunction characterized by reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory stress and coagulopathy, leading to vasomotor instability and ultimately producing a proliferative vasculopathy, a hallmark of which is the development of pulmonary hypertension in adulthood. In conclusion, pulmonary hypertension is common in patients with hereditary hemolytic anemias and is associated with a high risk of death in patients with sickle cell disease. New therapies targeting this vasculopathy and aimed at normalizing the vasodilator:vasoconstrictor balance are discussed.
Serum Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Messenger RNA as a Novel Tumor Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2005)

The usefulness of hTERT mRNA expression in HCC diagnosis and its superiority to conventional tumor markers were shown. Therefore, serum hTERT mRNA is a novel and available marker for HCC diagnosis.
Normal "anion gap" (hyperchloremic) acidosis. (1985)

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in which the anion gap is within normal limits is a common condition in the hospital population, and often presents a difficult diagnostic problem. We describe nine typical cases of this disorder and suggest a logical approach to its evaluation.
Structural flexibility of the Gαs α-helical domain in the β 2 -adrenoceptor Gs complex (2011)

The active-state complex between an agonist-bound receptor and a guanine nucleotide-free G protein represents the fundamental signaling assembly for the majority of hormone and neurotransmitter signaling. We applied single-particle electron microscopy (EM) analysis to examine the architecture of agonist-occupied β(2)-adrenoceptor (β(2)AR) in complex with the heterotrimeric G protein Gs (Gαsβγ). EM 2D averages and 3D reconstructions of the detergent-solubilized complex reveal an overall architecture that is in very good agreement with the crystal structure of the active-state ternary complex. Strikingly however, the α-helical domain of Gαs appears highly flexible in the absence of nucleotide. In contrast, the presence of the pyrophosphate mimic foscarnet (phosphonoformate), and also the presence of GDP, favor the stabilization of the α-helical domain on the Ras-like domain of Gαs. Molecular modeling of the α-helical domain in the 3D EM maps suggests that in its stabilized form it assumes a conformation reminiscent to the one observed in the crystal structure of Gαs-GTPγS. These data argue that the α-helical domain undergoes a nucleotide-dependent transition from a flexible to a conformationally stabilized state.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Bacterial Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate) (1991)

Abstract A new copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) was produced by Alcaligenes eutrophus in a nitrogen-free culture solution of 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 1,5-pentanediol, or 1,7-heptanediol. The copolymer composition varied from 0 to 7 mol% 3HP, depending on the type of carbon substrates supplied. Te bacterial copolyesters were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The copolymers were shown to have a random sequence distribution of 3HB and 3HP units by analysis of the 125-MHz 13C NMR spectra. The melting temperatures (Tm) decreased from 178 °C to 150 °C as the 3HP fraction increased up to 7 mol%. It has been found that the presence of 3HP units in polyesters accelerates the rate of enzymatic degradation.
Pre-treatment with chemotherapy can enhance the antigenicity and immunogenicity of tumours by promoting adaptive immune responses (2009)

There is evidence that a facet of immune surveillance can be restored by appropriate chemotherapy agents. Also, tumours exposed to some chemotherapy may secrete cytokines that can mature DCs, which ultimately enhances T-cell responses.
Pathway of tau aggregation into Alzheimer paired helical filaments (2000)

Conference Abstract| October 01 2000 Pathway of tau aggregation into Alzheimer paired helical filaments E. Mandelkow; E. Mandelkow 1Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. von Bergen; M. von Bergen 1Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. Biernat; J. Biernat 1Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. Barghorn; S. Barghorn 1Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. Schneider; A. Schneider 1Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E.-M. Mandelkow E.-M. Mandelkow 1Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (2000) 28 (5): A108. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a108b Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation E. Mandelkow, M. von Bergen, J. Biernat, S. Barghorn, A. Schneider, E.-M. Mandelkow; Pathway of tau aggregation into Alzheimer paired helical filaments. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2000; 28 (5): A108. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a108b Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Cholangiocarcinomas can originate from hepatocytes in mice (2012)

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) are primary liver tumors with a poor prognosis. The development of effective therapies has been hampered by a limited understanding of the biology of ICCs. Although ICCs exhibit heterogeneity in location, histology, and marker expression, they are currently thought to derive invariably from the cells lining the bile ducts, biliary epithelial cells (BECs), or liver progenitor cells (LPCs). Despite lack of experimental evidence establishing BECs or LPCs as the origin of ICCs, other liver cell types have not been considered. Here we show that ICCs can originate from fully differentiated hepatocytes. Using a mouse model of hepatocyte fate tracing, we found that activated NOTCH and AKT signaling cooperate to convert normal hepatocytes into biliary cells that act as precursors of rapidly progressing, lethal ICCs. Our findings suggest a previously overlooked mechanism of human ICC formation that may be targetable for anti-ICC therapy.
Glossary of terms related to pharmaceutics (IUPAC Recommendations 2009) (2009)

Abstract This Glossary of Terms in Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drug-making process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general, and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Cancer Pain (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Wnt signaling meets internal dissent: Figure 1. (2011)

In canonical Wnt signaling, β-catenin translocates to the cell nucleus, interacting with Tcf/Lef factors to activate transcription of Wnt target genes. In this issue of Genes & Development, Vacik and colleagues (pp. 1783-1795) report that a highly conserved sequence in intron 5 of Tcf7l2 conceals an internal promoter region that, when activated by Vax2, drives transcription of truncated Tcf7l2 mRNAs. The encoded Tcf7l2 protein binds to DNA, but not β-catenin, and therefore acts as a dominant-negative Wnt antagonist.
CYTOTOXIC AGENTS: II, BIS‐EPOXIDES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1951)

In Part I Although this discovery emerged from investigations undertaken on the supposition that urethane might function as a chemically reactive grouping towards amines of cellular origin, it became apparent that the biological effects of these substances were more closely related to their use in textile technology. The " cross-linking " action, upon which their effects upon textile fibres seem to depend, might well lead to the linkage of cellular components in a manner analogous to that which has been suggested for the nitrogen mustards, and which is believed by Haddow and his co-workers to be responsible for the specific cytotoxic effects of the latter. In fact the first methylolamides which we examined were selected from a number made available to us in 1947 by our colleagues who were studying their use in the textile field. This technological interest extended to compounds of other chemical types having similar applications and similar " cross-linking " potentialities, notably certain epoxide and ethylenimine derivatives, and these by analogy were deemed worthy of biological examination. This communication concerns substances of the former type, namely, those based on the ethylene oxide ring system. Brief reference to them has been made in an earlier note (Rose, Hendry, and Walpole, 1950).
Nucleotide-specific cleavage and minor-groove interaction of DNA with esperamicin antitumor antibiotics. (1989)

The cleavage of DNA by esperamicin is greatly accelerated in the presence of thiol compounds. Oxygen and active oxygen-radical scavengers have no significant influence upon DNA strand breakage by esperamicin. The preferential cutting sites of esperamicin are at thymidylate residues, and the frequency of bases attacked (T greater than C greater than A greater than G) is different from that of calicheamicin (C much greater than T greater than A = G), neocarzinostatin (T greater than A greater than C greater than G), or bleomycin (C greater than T greater than A greater than G). Esperamicin preferentially attacks at T and C bases in oligopyrimidine sequences such as 5'-CTC-3', 5'-TTC-3', and 5'-TTT-3'. In contrast to the preferred sites of cleavage by bleomycin, 5'-GT-3' and 5'-GC-3', the preferred sites of esperamicin-mediated DNA degradation are 5'-TG-3' and 5'-CG-3' sequences. The nucleotide-specific cleavage mode of esperamicin is significantly affected by pretreatment of DNA with netropsin and distamycin A, suggesting that interaction of esperamicin occurs through the minor groove of B-DNA. This is further supported by the asymmetric cleavage pattern to the 3' side on the opposite strand of the DNA. The roles of the fucose-anthranilate moiety and the trisaccharide side chain of esperamicin in DNA binding and base recognition are discussed.