gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Claudin Family of Proteins and Cancer: An Overview (2010)

Tight junctions are the apical cell-cell adhesion that regulate paracellular permeability and are critical for epithelial cell polarity. Molecular architecture of tight junction has been studied extensively, which has confirmed that claudin family of proteins is integral component of tight junction. Loss of cell-cell adhesion is central to the cellular transformation and acquisition of metastatic potential; however, the role of claudin family of proteins play in a series of pathophysiological events, including human carcinoma development, is only now beginning to be understood. Several claudin mouse knockout models have been generated and the diversity of phenotypes observed clearly demonstrates their important roles in the maintenance of tissue integrity in various organs and suggest that claudins also participate in cellular contexts other than tight junctions. The mechanisms of claudin regulation and their exact roles in normal physiology and disease are being elucidated, but much work remains to be done. In this review, we have discussed the conceptual framework concerning claudins and their potential implication in cancer. We predict that next several years will likely witness a boom in our understanding of the potential role of claudins in the regulation of tumorigenesis, which may, in turn, provide new approaches for the targeted therapy.
Semirational Design of (North)-Methanocarba Nucleosides as Dual Acting A1and A3Adenosine Receptor Agonists:  Novel Prototypes for Cardioprotection (2005)

Ring-constrained adenosine analogues have been designed to act as dual agonists at tissue-protective A(1) and A(3) adenosine receptors (ARs). 9-Ribosides transformed into the ring-constrained (N)-methanocarba-2-chloro-5'-uronamides consistently lost affinity at A(1)/A(2A)ARs and gained at A(3)AR. Among 9-riboside derivatives, only N(6)-cyclopentyl and 7-norbornyl moieties were extrapolated for mixed A(1)/A(3) selectivity and rat/human A(3)AR equipotency. Consequently, 2 was balanced in affinity and potency at A(1)/A(3)ARs as envisioned and dramatically protected in an intact heart model of global ischemia and reperfusion.
The impact of hydrogenation conditions on the temperature and strain discrimination of Type I and Type IA Bragg grating sensors (2006)

We report experimental findings for tailoring the temperature and strain coefficients of Type I and Type IA fibre Bragg gratings by influencing the photosensitivity presensitisation of the host optical fibre. It is shown that by controlling the level of hydrogen saturation, via hot and cold hydrogenation, it is possible to produce gratings with lower thermal coefficients. Furthermore, there is a larger difference between the Type I and Type IA thermal coefficients and a significant improvement in the matrix condition number, which impacts the ability to recover accurate temperature and strain data using the Type1-1A dual grating sensor.
Beta cyclodextrins bind, stabilize, and remove lipofuscin bisretinoids from retinal pigment epithelium (2014)

Accumulation of lipofuscin bisretinoids (LBs) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the alleged cause of retinal degeneration in genetic blinding diseases (e.g., Stargardt) and a possible etiological agent for age-related macular degeneration. Currently, there are no approved treatments for these diseases; hence, agents that efficiently remove LBs from RPE would be valuable therapeutic candidates. Here, we show that beta cyclodextrins (β-CDs) bind LBs and protect them against oxidation. Computer modeling and biochemical data are consistent with the encapsulation of the retinoid arms of LBs within the hydrophobic cavity of β-CD. Importantly, β-CD treatment reduced by 73% and 48% the LB content of RPE cell cultures and of eyecups obtained from Abca4-Rdh8 double knock-out (DKO) mice, respectively. Furthermore, intravitreal administration of β-CDs reduced significantly the content of bisretinoids in the RPE of DKO animals. Thus, our results demonstrate the effectiveness of β-CDs to complex and remove LB deposits from RPE cells and provide crucial data to develop novel prophylactic approaches for retinal disorders elicited by LBs.
Analysis and design of an interference canceller for collocated radios (2005)

An active interference cancellation scheme is presented to mitigate interference between Bluetooth and wireless local area network (IEEE 802.11 b) radios operating in close proximity. This method is extensible to other mutually interfering radio devices. A reference signal correlated to the original interferer is used to generate a cancellation signal by means of amplitude and phase alignment, and filtration. The filter employed emulates the coupling channel responsible for interference. An implementation of this procedure in 0.18-/spl mu/m Si-complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated-circuit (IC) technology is also presented. The circuits fabricated are tunable and are controlled by a closed-loop adaptive process including an error minimization method. The cancellation system designed achieves 15-30 dB of interference suppression for different cases. A total power of 14 mW is dissipated by the CMOS ICs designed.
Atomic image of hydrogen-terminated Si(001) surfaces after wet cleaning and its first-principles study (2002)

Atomic arrangements of the hydrogen-terminated Si(001) surface after wet cleaning are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and by first-principles calculations. The hydrogen-terminated Si(001) surface after dilute HF cleaning is atomically rough with a structure of terraces and steps. In addition, it is confirmed that 1×1 dihydride structures are formed inside the terraces. First-principles calculations reveal that the maxima of the local density of states string parallel to the Si–H direction on the 1×1 dihydride structure, which makes it possible to determine the atomic arrangement of the observed atomic images. When the surface after HF cleaning is subsequently rinsed with ultrapure water, rows emerge along the 〈110〉 direction. Atomic images show that the rows are mainly formed by a 2×1 unit cell. To elucidate the atomic structure of the 2×1 unit cell, it is proposed that every other row of the ideal 1×1 dihydride surface is preferentially etched with ultrapure water. Total energy calculations are performed based on the first principles of quantum mechanics, which justify the proposed etching mechanism of the Si(001) surface with ultrapure water.
Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles Containing Amino Acid, Imino or Heteroaryl Moieties with Anticipated Fungicidal Activity (1995)

2-Aminothiophenol reacted with cyanoacetic acid derivatives to form 2-substituted benzothiazoles, which were used for further cyclization to yield quinoline, pyrazole or dihydropyridine derivatives.
Electroneurography (2006)

Abstract An essential part in the success of recording peripheral nerve signals is the neural interface. This article gives the theoretical basis of how the action potential in a nerve is generated, and how this, in turn, results in a change in the electric field in the extracellular space. These potentials can be detected using neural interfaces (electrodes) in mono‐ to multipolar recording configurations to maximize the neural signal detected and minimize the noise pickup. These configurations are discussed along with a characterization of the recorded electroneurogram (ENG). Whether the ENG signals are recorded from extrafascicular or intrafascicular neural interfaces, it can be seen that ENGs are low amplitude signals and require amplification of between 1000X and 100,000X to bring the amplitude into the ∼ 1 V range. Electrode impedance models are derived to illustrate how the common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of an ENG amplifier is influenced by frequency depended impedances. Peripheral neural electrodes can be grouped according to the way that they interface with the peripheral neural tissue. The three main groups are regenerating, intraneural, and extraneural electrodes. Common for all electrode interfaces presented here are that they record the extracellular potential from one or many peripheral nerve axons simultaneously. This article concludes with a section on recent studies performed with chronically implanted nerve cuffs in animal models and disabled human subjects. Exmples are presented of the potential value of peripheral nerve recordings to furnish sensory information for feedback control in fully implantable neuroprostehsis systems.
The introduction of Röntgen Rays and radiography into South Africa in 1896. (2001)

L'auteur decrit les travaux de Rontgen, sa decouverte des rayons X et leur application en radiographie developpee en Afrique du Sud en 1896
Continuous-Time Dynamic Network Embeddings (2018)

Networks evolve continuously over time with the addition, deletion, and changing of links and nodes. Although many networks contain this type of temporal information, the majority of research in network representation learning has focused on static snapshots of the graph and has largely ignored the temporal dynamics of the network. In this work, we describe a general framework for incorporating temporal information into network embedding methods. The framework gives rise to methods for learning time-respecting embeddings from continuous-time dynamic networks. Overall, the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and dynamic network embedding approach as it achieves an average gain of 11.9% across all methods and graphs. The results indicate that modeling temporal dependencies in graphs is important for learning appropriate and meaningful network representations.
D-Type Cyclins and Their Cyclin-dependent Kinases: G1 Phase Integrators of the Mitogenic Response (1994)

The processes of DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) must be properly coordinated to ensure that the complement of genetic material in the proliferating somatic cells of an organism remains constant. Genes that control the orderly progression of S phase to M phase are vital for cell division, and their encoded products likely represent the core building blocks of the cell cycle machinery. Examples of proteins that play roles in these processes include the p34cdc2/CDC28 protein kinase, its regulatory subunit cyclin B, and the kinases (e.g., wee1/mik1) and phosphatases (e.g., cdc25) that posttranslationally regulate p34cdc2/cyclin B kinase activity to control mitotic entry and exit in all eukaryotic cells (Norbury and Nurse 1992). Superimposed on the basic replicative and mitotic apparati are checkpoint controllers, which guarantee that an essential process is completed before another begins by resetting the cell cycle clock when certain conditions are improperly met (Hartwell and...
Type-II GaAsSb/InP heterojunction bipolar light-emitting transistor (2004)

We report radiative recombination in the base layer of Type-II InP/GaAsSb/InP double heterojunction bipolar light-emitting transistors (HBLET) operating in the common-emitter configuration. The typical current gain, β, for a 120×120 μm2 emitter area of the HBLET is 38. The optical emission wavelength from a 30 nm GaAs0.51Sb0.49 base is centered at λpeak=1600 nm. Three-port operation of the Type-II HBLET with simultaneously an amplified electrical output and an optical output with signal modulation is demonstrated at 10 kHz.
Cardioprotective effects of authentic nitric oxide in myocardial ischemia with reperfusion (1991)

NO appears to provide significant myocardial protection after ischemia and reperfusion. NO may afford cardioprotection by incorporation into circulating blood cells (i.e., neutrophils, platelets), thereby inhibiting their accumulation and adherence in the ischemic region, or by a direct cardiac cytoprotective effect. Further studies using NO donors rather than NO would be an appropriate clinically relevant mode of treatment in MI.
Design of a multi-axis implantable MEMS sensor for intraosseous bone stress monitoring (2009)

The capability to assess the biomechanical properties of living bone is important for basic research as well as the clinical management of skeletal trauma and disease. Even though radiodensitometric imaging is commonly used to infer bone quality, bone strength does not necessarily correlate well with these non-invasive measurements. This paper reports on the design, fabrication and initial testing of an implantable ultra-miniature multi-axis sensor for directly measuring bone stresses at a micro-scale. The device, which is fabricated with CMOS-MEMS processes, is intended to be permanently implanted within open fractures, or embedded in bone grafts, or placed on implants at the interfaces between bone and prosthetics. The stress sensor comprises an array of piezoresistive pixels to detect a stress tensor at the interfacial area between the MEMS chip and bone, with a resolution to 100 Pa, in 1 s averaging. The sensor system design and manufacture is also compatible with the integration of wireless RF telemetry, for power and data retrieval, all within a 3 mm × 3 mm × 0.3 mm footprint. The piezoresistive elements are integrated within a textured surface to enhance sensor integration with bone. Finite element analysis led to a sensor design for normal and shear stress detection. A wired sensor was fabricated in the Jazz 0.35 µm BiCMOS process and then embedded in mock bone material to characterize its response to tensile and bending loads up to 250 kPa.
Disclosure of cancer diagnosis: the Greek experience. (2013)

Despite adequate theoretical background, Greek non-cancer specialists, doctors and nurses, initially inform accurately a small part of their cancer patients. Appropriate training programs for doctors and non-medical health professionals involved in cancer patients' management are required to upgrade professional-patient communication.
Schottky-Barrier Formation at Single-Crystal Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces (1984)

Electrical behaviors at two single-crystal metal-semiconductor interfaces are studied. Schottky-barrier heights of Ni${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$ layers grown under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions on $n$-type Si(111) are found to be 0.65 and 0.79 eV for type-$A$ and type-$B$ epitaxial systems, respectively. These results are compared with the proposed theoretical models of Schottky barriers.
Reduced parameter Volterra filters (2002)

To reduce the number of parameters in the Volterra filter a tensor product basis approximation is considered. The approximation can be implemented much more efficiently than the original Volterra filter. In addition, because the design methods are based on partial characterization of the Volterra filter, the approximations are also useful in reducing the complexity of identification and modelling problems. Useful bounds are obtained on the approximation error.
From extractable collision resistance to succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge, and back again (2012)

The existence of succinct non-interactive arguments for NP (i.e., non-interactive computationally-sound proofs where the verifier's work is essentially independent of the complexity of the NP nondeterministic verifier) has been an intriguing question for the past two decades. Other than CS proofs in the random oracle model [Micali, FOCS '94], the only existing candidate construction is based on an elaborate assumption that is tailored to a specific protocol [Di Crescenzo and Lipmaa, CiE '08].
Sentiment analysis of Chinese documents: From sentence to document level (2009)

Abstract User‐generated content on the Web has become an extremely valuable source for mining and analyzing user opinions on any topic. Recent years have seen an increasing body of work investigating methods to recognize favorable and unfavorable sentiments toward specific subjects from online text. However, most of these efforts focus on English and there have been very few studies on sentiment analysis of Chinese content. This paper aims to address the unique challenges posed by Chinese sentiment analysis. We propose a rule‐based approach including two phases: (1) determining each sentence's sentiment based on word dependency, and (2) aggregating sentences to predict the document sentiment. We report the results of an experimental study comparing our approach with three machine learning‐based approaches using two sets of Chinese articles. These results illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method and its advantages against learning‐based approaches.
High yield generation of hepatocyte like cells from adipose derived stem cells (2012)

Mesenchyma stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells. They are capable of transforming into several mesoderm lineages. They can be separated from different tissues, such as bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, peripheral blood, and adipose tissue. Stem cell based therapies for the repair and regeneration of individual tissues and organs suggest a paradigm shift which may supply optional therapeutic solutions for a number of diseases. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells have hypothetically been beneficial, although there are various restrictions. Bone marrow-derived mesenchyma stem cells when compared to adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), they were obviously capable of differentiating into cells and tissues with mesodermal origin. Adipose tissue is prevalent and easily available in large quantities. The intent of this investigation was the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from rat adipose tissue, the potential of MSCs in differentiating into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, describe the ADSCs surface expression of the classic markers by using flow cytometric analysis, and their transformation to hepatocyte like cells. Immunocytochemical analysis displayed that ADSCs express albumin and α-fetoprotein during differentiation.  Knowledge of these cells may also demonstrate many benefits in cell-based therapies for tissue repair, regeneration, or tissue engineering.

	 

	Key words: Hepatocyte-like cells, mesenchymal stem cells, cell therapy and adipose derived stem cell.
The Healthcare Costs of Sarcopenia in the United States (2003)

Sarcopenia imposes a significant but modifiable economic burden on government-reimbursed healthcare services in the United States. Because the number of older Americans is increasing, the economic costs of sarcopenia will escalate unless effective public health campaigns aimed at reducing the occurrence of sarcopenia are implemented.
Germline BRCA1/2 Mutations and p27Kip1 Protein Levels Independently Predict Outcome After Breast Cancer (2000)

In this study, we showed that BRCA1/2 mutations were associated with low levels of p27(Kip1) in breast cancer. Both BRCA1/2 and p27(Kip1) status were identified as independent prognostic factors.
Genetic evidence for a role of IL33 in nasal polyposis (2009)

We provide unprecedented genetic evidence suggesting a role for the IL33 pathway in the pathogenesis of NP.
Vemurafenib in Multiple Nonmelanoma Cancers with BRAF V600 Mutations (2015)

BRAF V600 appears to be a targetable oncogene in some, but not all, nonmelanoma cancers. Preliminary vemurafenib activity was observed in non-small-cell lung cancer and in Erdheim-Chester disease and Langerhans'-cell histiocytosis. The histologic context is an important determinant of response in BRAF V600-mutated cancers. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche/Genentech; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01524978.).
Optimized Lithium Iron Phosphate for High-Rate Electrochemical Applications (2004)

Structural and electrochemical properties of a new highly rechargeable lithium iron phosphate are described here. Its behavior as cathodic material was also tested in a complete power system based on a nanocrystalline anode and a nonaqueous liquid electrolyte in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate). This cell operates with a very flat voltage profile at around 2 V, with very little capacity fading upon cycling, even at a very high rate (4C or 8C). These features, combined with the low cost and the lack of toxicity of the components, make this system an attractive and inexpensive power source for the low voltage electronic market. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Surveillance of adverse events following immunisation: Australia 2002 to 2003 (2003)

Reports of suspected adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) are reviewed by the Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee and collated in a central database. We analysed AEFI records for vaccines administered during October 2002 to December 2003, and assessed AEFI reporting trends for 2000 to 2003. AEFI reporting rates were calculated using denominator data from the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register and the annual national influenza vaccination coverage survey. A total of 1,744 AEFI records were analysed for October 2002 to December 2003. The majority described non-serious events; 9 per cent (n=149) described AEFIs defined as 'serious'. Four deaths were reported but none were causally related to immunisation. Dose-based AEFI reporting rates were 2.1 per 100,000 doses of influenza vaccine for adults aged 40 years or over and 19.8 per 100,000 doses of scheduled vaccines for children aged <7 years. The most frequently reported individual AEFI was injection site reaction in children after a fourth or fifth dose of an acellular pertussis-containing vaccine (54 and 98 reports per 100,000 doses respectively). The most frequently suspected vaccine was meningococcal C conjugate vaccine (34% of reports-mostly injection site reactions, gastrointestinal symptoms and headaches). The average annual reporting rate was 7.0 per 100,000 population, the highest to date. The increase in the AEFI reporting rate was due to a greater number of children becoming eligible to receive a fourth or fifth consecutive dose of acellular pertussis vaccine and the introduction of the meningococcal C vaccination program in January 2003 for those aged 1-19 years. The low reporting rate of serious AEFIs demonstrates the high level of safety of vaccines in Australia.
Snapshots of an Alkylidyne for Nitride Triple-Bond Metathesis (2007)

The transient titanium alkylidyne complex (PNP)Ti⋮CtBu (PNP = N[2-P(CHMe2)2-4-methylphenyl]2-), [2+2] cycloadds sterically bulky nitriles such as NCR to afford unique examples of kinetically stable azametallacyclobutadienes, (PNP)Ti(NCRCtBu) (R = tBu, 1; Ad, 2). Complexes 1 and 2 can further react with electrophiles such as ClSi(CH3)3 or Al(CH3)3 to extrude the alkyne RC⋮CtBu (R = tBu, 1; R = Ad, 2) and form neutral or zwitterionic titanium imide species, respectively. Imide formation for the latter species results from complete tBuC3- for N3- metathetical exchange. Isotopic labeling studies applying 15N enriched nitrile N⋮CAd clearly reveal the nitrogen atom transfer results from incomplete and complete metathesis of a titanium alkylidyne with a nitrile.