gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Anti-Tenascin Monoclonal Antibody−Streptavidin Conjugates for Pretargeting Applications (1999)

Radioimmunopretargeting is based on the separate injection of a modified mAb and the radionuclide and most frequently exploits the very high avidity of biotin for streptavidin (SA). Currently, we are evaluating the therapeutic potential of directly labeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) 81C6, reactive with the extracellular matrix protein tenascin, in surgically created glioma resection cavity patients. To be able to investigate pretargeting in this setting, the synthesis of 81C6 mAb-SA conjugates was required. In the current study, we have evaluated five methods for preparing both murine 81C6 (m81C6) and human/mouse chimeric 81C6 (c81C6) SA conjugates with regard to yield, biotin-binding capacity, immunoreactivity, and molecular weight. The 81C6 mAb and SA were coupled by covalent interaction between sulfhydryl groups generated on the mAb via N-succinimidyl-S-acetylthioacetate, dithiothreitol or 2-iminothiolane (2IT), and maleimido-derivatized SA, prepared via sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) or N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate. A noncovalent approach involving reaction of a biotinylated mAb, prepared using biotin caproate, and SA also was studied. The evaluation criteria were yield of mAb-SA 215 kDa monomer, as well as conjugate biotin-binding capacity and immunoreactive fraction. The optimal procedure involved activation of m81C6 or c81C6 with 30 equiv of 2IT and reaction of SA with 10 equiv of SMCC and yielded a conjugate with excellent biotin-binding capacity and immunoreactivity. The ((125)I-labeled m81C6)-2IT-SMCC-SA was stable and did not lose biotin-binding capacity after a 72 h incubation in human glioma cyst fluid in vitro. Although the conjugate was stable in murine serum in vivo, its biotin-binding capacity declined rapidly, consistent with high endogenous biotin levels in the mouse. After injection of the radioiodinated conjugate into athymic mice with subcutaneous D-54 MG human glioma xenografts, high tumor uptake (36.0 +/- 10.7% ID/g at 3 days) and excellent tumor:normal tissue ratios were observed.
[Comparative study of 3 drugs (aceglutamide aluminum, zinc acexamate, and magaldrate) in the long-term maintenance treatment (1 year) of peptic ulcer]. (1991)

In a multicentre study, 146 peptic ulcer patients who had recently healed with H2 antagonists (38 gastric, 108 duodenal ulcers) received randomly for a year one of the following mucosal protecting antiulcer drugs: aceglutamide aluminium salt (AAL), zinc acexamate (ZAC) and magaldrate (MAG). Forty six patients received AAL (700 mg bid), 50 patients received ZAC (300 mg at single nocturnal dose) and 50 patients received MAG (800 mg bid). An endoscopic examination was performed at the beginning of the study and 12 months later. Clinical examinations where performed on months 3, 6 and 9, advancing the endoscopical control in case of ulcer symptoms. ZAC showed to be superior to MAG (p less than 0.05, chi-square test) in preventing relapses, with a favourable tendence in front of AAL, but without reaching statistical significance. Its important to mention the high number of withdrawals and the good tolerance of the treatments.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Lithium‐Graphite Anodes in Room‐Temperature Chloroaluminate Melts. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Serial Impedance Plethysmography for Suspected Deep Venous Thrombosis in Outpatients (1986)

Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis by clinical signs and symptoms is unreliable, but contrast venography is relatively expensive and invasive. We therefore evaluated the use of impedance plethysmography as a noninvasive alternative in 426 consecutive outpatients with clinically suspected acute deep venous thrombosis. Four sequential impedance plethysmograms were obtained on days 1, 2, 5, and 10 of the study. In 289 patients (68 percent), the results of all four studies were normal, and these patients were not treated with anticoagulants. One of these patients may have had a minor pulmonary embolus during the 10-day study period. During a six-month follow-up of all patients, none of the 289 patients whose plethysmograms were normal died of venous thromboembolism or presented with suspected pulmonary embolism. In 137 patients (32 percent), the impedance plethysmograms were abnormal; 117 (85 percent) had the abnormal results on their first test, and 20 (15 percent) had them on subsequent tests. All patients with abnormal plethysmograms also underwent contrast venography, which confirmed the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in 92 percent. We conclude that the diagnostic accuracy of repeated impedance plethysmography compares favorably with that of venography and that the technique is a safe and effective noninvasive approach to the diagnosis and care of outpatients with clinically suspected acute deep venous thrombosis.
Radionuclide Therapy with Iodine-125 and Other Auger–Electron-Emitting Radionuclides: Experimental Models and Clinical Applications (2003)

Auger-electron emitters represent an attractive alternative to beta-particle emitters for cancer therapy if they can be placed intracellularly, especially in close proximity to (or within) nuclear DNA. Based on investigations in animal tumor models, including those for ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, and brain and spinal cord tumors, in which the thymidine analog 5-radioiodo-2'-deoxyuridine (*IUdR) has been shown to be therapeutically efficacious, it is hypothesized that iodine-125 and other Auger-electron-emitting radionuclides might be valuable in the treatment of certain malignant diseases, assuming that uptake of the radiopharmaceutical by tumor cells exceeds that by normal dividing cells. Preliminary patient studies have shown that this requirement can be met partially by the locoregional administration of the radiopharmaceutical and metabolic modulation of its uptake by tumor cells. Investigators continue to seek molecules that can carry Auger-electron emitters to nuclear DNA, especially those radionuclides with higher Auger-electron yields and varying half-lives.
Enhancement of Material Quality of (Si)GeSn Films Grown by SnCl4 Precursor (2015)

The (Si)GeSn films have been grown with and without carrier gases on Si substrate using a cold-wall ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition system. Material characterization of the films grown with Ar carrier gas using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy shows achievement of higher quality films. Optical characterization of the films with photoluminescence shows enhancement in material quality of the films at 350 and 400ºC growth temperatures. Increase in the pressure results in higher Sn incorporation and higher photoluminescence intensity. Spectroscopic ellipsometry data confirms the change in the GeSn bandgap towards lower energies.
Co‐acquisition of hyperpolarised 13C and 15N NMR spectra (2007)

Recent developments in dynamic nuclear polarisation now allow significant enhancements to be generated in the cryo solid state and transferred to the liquid state for detection at high resolution. We demonstrate that the Ardenkjaer-Larsen method can be extended by taking advantage of the properties of the trityl radicals used. It is possible to hyperpolarise 13C and 15N simultaneously in the solid state, and to maintain these hyperpolarisations through rapid dissolution into the liquid state. We demonstrate the almost simultaneous measurement of hyperpolarised 13C and hyperpolarised 15N NMR spectra. The prospects for further improvement of the method using contemporary technology are also discussed.
PAPR Reduction in SC-FDMA by Pulse Shaping Using Parametric Linear Combination Pulses (2012)

A linear combination between two intersymbol interference (ISI) free parametric linear pulses was proposed in order to obtain a new family of Nyquist pulses. The new family of pulses is utilized for pulse shaping to reduce peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). The proposed pulse contains a new design parameter, μ, giving an additional degree of freedom to minimize PAPR for a given roll-off factor, α, and transmission scheme. While keeping the same bandwidth, the frequency responses of the proposed pulses differ with different values of the parameter μ for a fixed roll-off factor. Simulations showed that PAPR reduction is achieved when compared to that of other existing filters for the interleaved subcarrier mode of single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA).
Direct colorimetric assay of free thiol groups and disulfide bonds in suspensions of solubilized and particulate cereal proteins (1993)

A direct colorimetric method that simultaneously combines measurement of solubilized and insoluble thiol groups and disulfide bonds in corn meal-based materials is described. Ellman's reagent, 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid), which reacts specifically with thiol groups, or disodium 2-nitro-5-thiosulfobenzoate, which reacts with cysteine and thiol groups formed after reduction of disulfide bonds with sodium sulfite, were reacted directly with corn meal in the presence of surfactants (urea and/or sodium dodecyl sulfate), releasing the soluble chromophore 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate. After a clarification step to remove suspended material, absorbance at 412 nm was read. This assay was highly reproducible, and measurements agreed with direct amino acid analysis. Twin-screw extrusion of corn meal at 150 degrees C at moisture levels of 16 and 18% had no significant effect on cysteine or disulfide bond levels. Other possible changes such as disulfide bond rearrangements could not be determined by the mixed-phase assay. This method provides a rapid and convenient means for screening thiol and disulfide levels in insoluble proteinaceous materials
Collagen Membranes: A Review (2001)

Collagen materials have been utilized in medicine and dentistry because of their proven biocompatability and capability of promoting wound healing. For guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedures, collagen membranes have been shown to be comparable to non-absorbable membranes with regard to probing depth reduction, clinical attachment gain, and percent of bone fill. Although these membranes are absorbable, collagen membranes have been demonstrated to prevent epithelial down-growth along the root surfaces during the early phase of wound healing. The use of grafting material in combination with collagen membranes seems to improve clinical outcomes for furcation, but not intrabony, defects when compared to the use of membranes alone. Recently, collagen materials have also been applied in guided bone regeneration (GBR) and root coverage procedures with comparable success rates to non-absorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes and conventional subepithelial connective tissue grafts, respectively. Long-term clinical trials are still needed to further evaluate the benefits of collagen membranes in periodontal and peri-implant defects. This article will review the rationale for each indication and its related literature, both in vitro and in vivo studies. The properties that make collagen membranes attractive for use in regenerative therapy will be addressed. In addition, varieties of cross-linking techniques utilized to retard the degradation rate of collagen membranes will be discussed.
Gas Permeation and Diffusion in Cross-Linked Poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (2006)

The permeability of cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (XLPEGDA) to He, H2, O2, N2, CO2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, and C3H8 was determined at temperatures ranging from −20 to +45 °C and at fugacities up to approximately 15 atm for some gases. Diffusion coefficients of CO2 and hydrocarbons were calculated as a function of temperature and local penetrant concentration. The effect of temperature and fugacity on permeability and diffusivity is satisfactorily described using either an activated diffusion model or a free volume-based model.
Wavelet radiosity (1993)

Radiosity methods have been shown to be an effective means to solve the global illumination problem in Lambertian diffuse environments. These methods approximate the radiosity integral equation by projecting the unknown radiosity function into a set of basis functions with limited support resulting in a set of n linear equations where n is the number of discrete elements in the scene. Classical radiosity methods required the evaluation of n2 interaction coefficients. Efforts to reduce the number of required coefficients without compromising error bounds have focused on raising the order of the basis functions, meshing, accounting for discontinuities, and on developing hierarchical approaches, which have been shown to reduce the required interactions to O(n). In this paper we show that the hierarchical radiosity formulation is an instance of a more general set of methods based on wavelet theory. This general framework offers a unified view of both higher order element approaches to radiosity and the hierarchical radiosity methods. After a discussion of the relevant theory, we discuss a new set of linear time hierarchical algorithms based on wavelets such as the multiwavelet family and a flatlet basis which we introduce. Initial results of experimentation with these basis sets are demonstrated and discussed.
Catalytic ring-opening polymerisation of renewable macrolactones to high molecular weight polyethylene-like polymers with tunable functionalities (2011)

Catalytic ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of cyclic esters is widely used for the synthesis of aliphatic polyesters. It is commonly agreed that the driving force behind the ROP of lactones is the release of ring-strain in the transition from the cyclic ester to the polyester chain or, in thermodynamic terms, by the negative change of enthalpy. Consequently, as the ring-strain decreases with increasing lactone size so does the reactivity in metal mediated ROP. It is therefore not surprising that only a few examples of metal-catalysed ROP of macrolactones like pentadecalactone can be found in the literature, which report only low molecular weights. 1,2,3 Conversely, lipases like Candida Antarctica Lipase B show exceptionally high polymerisation rates for macrolactones. 4,5 The reactivity of lactones in this process is no longer determined by the ringstrain but the preference of the lipase for hydrophobic (fatty acid-like) substrates in the formation of the enzyme-activated monomer complex. It is thus commonly accepted that efficient polymerisation of macrolactones is only possible by enzymatic catalysis. The drawback of enzymes is that they are expensive, allow little control over the polymerisation and cannot be used at high temperatures (melt polymerisation). It would therefore be highly desirable to be able to use catalysts to polymerise these renewable macrolactones to high molecular weight polymers with polyethylenelike properties. In this contribution we discuss the successful metal-catalysed ROP of various macrolactones (ring size 11-17) to unprecedentedly high molecular weight polyesters with polyethylene-like properties. For example, the bulk polymerisation of pentadecalactone at 90oC afforded an Mn of 120,000 g/mol within 10 minutes. In solution, molecular weights close to 200,000 g/mol were obtained. These results are unprecedented in the literature, they challenge the common theory of ring-tension driven metal-catalysed ROP. Since the catalyst is also capable of ring-opening small lactones or for example copolymerise epoxides + anhydrides and/or CO2, the system opens doors to new, polyethylene-like materials with functionalities such as degradability, not available before.
A transactional flash file system for microcontrollers (2005)

We present a transactional file system for flash memory devices. The file system is designed for embedded microcontrollers that use an on-chip or on-board NOR flash device as a persistent file store. The file system provides atomicity to arbitrary sequences of file system operations, including reads, writes, file creation and deletion, and so on. The file system supports multiple concurrent transactions. Thanks to a sophisticated data structure, the file system is efficient in terms of read/write-operation counts, flash-storage overhead, and RAM usage. In fact, the file system typically uses several hundreds bytes of RAM (often less than 200) and a bounded stack (or no stack), allowing it to be used on many 16-bit microcontrollers. Flash devices wear out; each block can only be erased a certain number of times. The file system manages the wear of blocks to avoid early wearing out of frequently-used blocks.
Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel enhance the antitumor immune response of granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor-secreting whole-cell vaccines in HER-2/neu tolerized mice. (2001)

Tumor-specific immune tolerance limits the effectiveness of cancer vaccines. In addition, tumor vaccines alone have a limited potential for the treatment of measurable tumor burdens. This highlights the importance of identifying more potent cancer vaccine strategies for clinical testing. We tested immune-modulating doses of chemotherapy in combination with a granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting, HER-2/neu (neu)-expressing whole-cell vaccine as a means to treat existing mammary tumors in antigen-specific tolerized neu transgenic mice. Earlier studies have shown that neu transgenic mice exhibit immune tolerance to the neu-expressing tumors similar to what is observed in patients with cancer. We found that cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin, when given in a defined sequence with a GM-CSF-secreting, neu-expressing whole-cell vaccine, enhanced the vaccine's potential to delay tumor growth in neu transgenic mice. In addition, we showed that these drugs mediate their effects by enhancing the efficacy of the vaccine rather than via a direct cytolytic effect on cancer cells. Furthermore, paclitaxel and cyclophosphamide appear to amplify the T helper 1 neu-specific T-cell response. These findings suggest that the combined treatment with immune-modulating doses of chemotherapy and the GM-CSF-secreting neu vaccine can overcome immune tolerance and induce an antigen-specific antitumor immune response. These data provide the immunological rationale for testing immune-modulating doses of chemotherapy in combination with tumor vaccines in patients with cancer.
Tension pneumopericardium: A rare complication in penetrating chest trauma (2005)

A 23-year-old man was assaulted and sustained multiple stab wounds to the neck, left flank, praecordium, and epigastrium. He presented with an acute abdomen and a right-sided haemothorax to a secondary level hospital. An intercostal drain was inserted and a laparotomy was performed revealing an injury to the transverse mesocolon. A subxyphoid pericardial window was performed which was negative for blood. On the fourth day post-operatively he
Wafer‐level fabrication of low power consumption integrated alcohol microsensor (2018)

An integrated alcohol microgas sensor was designed and fabricated based on TiO 2 /SnO 2 nanocomposites acting as a sensing layer and microheater providing working temperature. The stacked TiO 2 /SnO 2 nanocomposites were prepared by magnetron sputtering. A unique suspended membrane consisting of Si 3 N 4 /SiO 2 /Si 3 N 4 /SiO 2 four layers was prepared by different methods, respectively, and applied in microheater to support the electrodes and sensing layer for reducing power consumption. The fabrication process tackled the difficulty that the sensing layer preparation is incompatible with microelectromechanical systems micromachining technology and realised the mass production of the wafer‐level sensor chips with good consistency. The microalcohol sensors showed excellent response characteristics for alcohol (50–600 ppm) detection at low power consumption (39 mW).
Ube3a-ATS is an atypical RNA polymerase II transcript that represses the paternal expression of Ube3a (2012)

The Angelman syndrome gene, UBE3A, is subject to genomic imprinting controlled by mechanisms that are only partially understood. Its antisense transcript, UBE3A-ATS, is also imprinted and hypothesized to suppress UBE3A in cis. In this research, we showed that the mouse antisense ortholog, Ube3a-ATS, was transcribed by RNA polymerase (RNAP) II. However, unlike typical protein-coding transcripts, Ube3a-ATS was not poly-adenylated and was localized exclusively in the nucleus. It was relatively unstable with a half-life of 4 h, shorter than most protein-coding RNAs tested. To understand the role of Ube3a-ATS in vivo, a mouse model with a 0.9-kb genomic deletion over the paternal Snrpn major promoter was studied. The mice showed partial activation of paternal Ube3a, with decreased expression of Ube3a-ATS but not any imprinting defects in the Prader-Willi syndrome/Angelman syndrome region. A novel cell culture model was also generated with a transcriptional termination cassette inserted downstream of Ube3a on the paternal chromosome to reduce Ube3a-ATS transcription. In neuronally differentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells, paternal Ube3a was found to be expressed at a high level, comparable with that of the maternal allele. To further characterize the antisense RNA, a strand-specific microarray was performed. Ube3a-ATS was detectable across the entire locus of Ube3a and extended beyond the transcriptional start site of Ube3a. In summary, we conclude that Ube3a-ATS is an atypical RNAPII transcript that represses Ube3a on the paternal chromosome. These results suggest that the repression of human UBE3A-ATS may activate the expression of UBE3A from the paternal chromosome, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with Angelman syndrome.
Spatial Structure and Insertion Capacity of Immunodominant Region of Hepatitis B Core Antigen (1996)

Spatial and immunochemical elucidation of hepatitis B core antigen suggested unique organization of its major immunodominant region (MIR) localized within the central part of molecule around amino acid residues 74-83. This superficial loop was recognized as the most prospective target for the insertion of foreign epitopes ensuring maximal antigenicity and immunogenicity of the latter. MIR allowed a substantial capacity of insertions up to about 40 amino acid residues without loss of the capsid-forming ability of core particles. Vector capacity as well as structural behavior and immunological fate of inserted epitopes were dependent on their primary structure. Special sets of display vectors with retained but cross-sectioned MIR as well as with uni- and bidirectionally shortened MIR have been investigated.