gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of asymmetrical and symmetrical pulse waveforms in electromagnetic stimulation (1992)

Pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation is a noninvasive therapeutic modality that has been successfully used to stimulate healing of surgically resistant human bone fracture nonunions. Asymmetry of the stimulus pulse waveform was thought to be necessary for therapeutic effectiveness, but asymmetrical pulses require significant electrical energy that constrains clinical delivery systems to suboptimal designs. Development of low-energy consuming stimuli will enable clinical device improvements and may provide additional information about the interaction of electromagnetic fields with tissues. The objectives of this study were (a) to determine if asymmetry of the stimulus pulse waveform is needed for efficacy and (b) to determine if symmetrical pulse waveform stimuli also can produce a beneficial therapeutic response. The rabbit fibular osteotomy model was used to answer these questions and to identify which components of the clinically used asymmetrical PEMF produce the therapeutic response. The results suggest that asymmetry is not necessary and that a narrow pulse width, symmetrical square wave signal can also stimulate stiffness increases in this model. The data also suggest that the high-amplitude, narrow-pulse portion of the asymmetrical PEMF is the principal component of the signal pulse that is responsible for the clinical therapeutic effect.
The Boom Design of the De-Orbit Sail Satellite (2014)

DE-ORBIT SAIL is a cubesat based drag sail for the de-orbiting of satellites in a low earth orbit. It is scheduled for launch in late 2014 and will deploy a 25m² sail supported by deployable carbon fiber booms designed and manufactured by DLR. This boom possesses a closed cross-section formed by two omega-shaped half-shells. Due to this cross-sectional design the boom features a high torsional stiffness. Thereby a high bending strength is achieved compared to other boom concepts for similar applications as the boom is less sensitive to flexural torsional buckling. The boom concept selection is based on a detailed analysis of three types of deployable booms which differ in their cross-sectional design. From this analysis the double-omega boom was determined as most suited for DE-ORBIT SAIL. For the manufacturing of the booms a novel method is used where the booms are manufactured in an integral way in one piece.
In vivo Measurements of Water in Skin by Near-Infrared Reflectance (1998)

Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy has been used to differentiate water in different hydrogen-bonding environments of skin in vivo and to determine the effect of moisturizer application on water content. Four types of water have been observed in the second-derivative spectrum of skin. These are assigned as water associated with the lipid bilayers, primary and secondary water of hydration on protein, and bulk (free) water in deeper tissue. The intensities of the lipid-associated water band and the bulk water band depend on anatomical site. The latter, particularly, may be affected by corneocyte size and may have potential in predicting transdermal penetration of drugs. Moisturizer application appears to have little effect on water content, but results in changes in the degree of scattering of radiation, suggesting that moisturizers smooth, rather than hydrate, the skin.
Biochemical and Antigenic Characterization of a New Dipeptidyl-Peptidase Isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus (1997)

A novel dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP V) was purified from the culture medium of Aspergillus fumigatus. This is the first report of a secreted dipeptidyl-peptidase. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 88 kDa and contained approximately 9 kDa of N-linked carbohydrate. The expression and secretion of dipeptidyl-peptidase varied with the growth conditions; maximal intra- and extracellular levels were detected when the culture medium contained only proteins or protein hydrolysates in the absence of sugars. The gene of DPP V was cloned and showed significant sequence homology to other eukaryotic dipeptidyl-peptidase genes. Unlike the other dipeptidyl-peptidases, which are all intracellular, DPP V contained a signal peptide. Like the genes of other dipeptidyl-peptidases, that of DPP V displayed the consensus sequences of the catalytic site of the nonclassical serine proteases. The biochemical properties of native and recombinant DPP V obtained in Pichia pastoris were unique and were characterized by a substrate specificity limited to the hydrolysis of X-Ala, His-Ser, and Ser-Tyr dipeptides at a neutral pH optimum. In addition, we showed that DPP V is identical to one of the two major antigens used for the diagnosis of aspergillosis.
Regulation of the antigenic phenotype of human melanoma cells by recombinant interferons. (1986)

The ability of interferons to modulate the antigenic phenotype of tumor cells may involve alterations in the transcription, translation, membrane expression and shedding of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and Tumor Associated Antigens (TAAs). In the present study we have investigated possible mechanisms by which recombinant human interferons, IFN-alpha, -beta and -gamma, alter the antigenic profile of long- and short-term human melanoma cultures. IFN-alpha and -beta induced similar changes in the synthesis, expression and shedding of two TAAs, a HMW-MAA and a Cyt-MAA, in the established melanoma cell line Colo 38, whereas IFN-gamma exerted a differential effect on these melanoma associated antigens. Moreover, IFN-gamma was relatively more effective than IFN-alpha or -beta in upregulating the synthesis, expression and shedding of class I MHC antigens. At the same time a dramatic differential effect of the interferons was observed with class II MHC antigens. IFN-alpha or -beta induced a modest increase in the synthesis and expression of these antigens, whereas IFN-gamma was greater than 3-fold more active in inducing the synthesis and expression of DR/DP antigens and greater than 4- and greater than 10-fold more effective in increasing the synthesis and expression, respectively, of DQ antigens. Analysis of the levels of cytoplasmic mRNA for the DR-alpha and DQ-beta genes indicated no significant difference between IFN-alpha, beta or -gamma treated cells suggesting that IFN-gamma enhancement of the synthesis of DR and DQ antigens may occur at a posttranscriptional level. In the case of a newly established human melanoma cell line (MG-3) IFN-gamma enhanced the synthesis but not the expression of DR antigens and did not alter either the synthesis or expression of DQ antigens. Our studies indicate that the effects of interferons on the antigenic phenotype of melanoma cells will vary depending on the type of interferon employed, the antigen monitored and the target cell studied. In addition, it is also apparent that some of the biosynthetic steps involved in regulating the synthesis, expression and shedding of antigens may be coordinately regulated in some melanoma cells, whereas these processes may be under independent control in other melanoma populations.
Multiple hok genes on the chromosome of Escherichia coli (1999)

The hok/sok locus of plasmid R1 mediates plasmid stabilization by the killing of plasmid-free cells. Many bacterial plasmids carry similar loci. For example, the F plasmid carries two hok homologues, flm and srnB, that mediate plasmid stabilization by this specialized type of programmed cell death. Here, we show that the chromosome of E. coli K-12 codes for five hok homologous loci, all of which specify Hok-like toxins. Three of the loci appear to be inactivated by the insertion elements IS150 or IS186 located close to but not in the toxin-encoding reading frames (i.e. hokA, hokC and hokE), one system is probably inactivated by point mutation (hokB), whereas the fifth system is inactivated by a major genetic rearrangement (hokD). In the ECOR collection of wild-type E. coli strains, we identified hokA and hokC loci without IS elements. A molecular and a genetic analysis show that the hokA and hokC loci specify unstable antisense RNAs and stable toxin-encoding mRNAs that are processed at their 3' ends. An alignment of the mRNA sequences reveals all the regulatory elements known to be required for correct folding and refolding of the plasmid-encoded mRNAs. The conserved elements include fbi that ensure a long-range interaction in the full-length mRNAs, and tac and antisense RNA target stem-loops that are required for translation and rapid antisense RNA binding of the processed mRNAs. Consistently, we find that the chromosome-encoded mRNAs are processed at their 3' ends, resulting in the presumed translationally active mRNAs. Despite the presence of all of the regulatory elements, the chromosome-encoded loci do not mediate plasmid stabilization by killing of plasmid-free cells. The chromosome-encoded mRNAs are poorly translated in vitro, thus yielding an explanation for the lacking phenotype. These observations suggest that the chromosomal hok-like genes may be induced by an as yet unknown signal.
Anti-peptide antibodies detect oncogene-related proteins in urine. (1985)

Antisera to a number of synthetic peptides predicted from nucleic acid sequences of oncogenes have been used to screen 483 urine samples of cancer patients, pregnant women, and normal controls for the presence of immunologically related proteins. Increased levels of oncogene-related proteins are found during neoplasia and pregnancy. The differential detection of these oncogene-related proteins indicates that panels of monoclonal antibodies may provide a convenient noninvasive means of detecting, classifying, and staging a wide variety of malignancies and may be useful in following fetal development during pregnancy.
Improved quality of human embryos when co-cultured with human ampullary cells (1989)

Cultured human, ampullary, epithelial cells obtained from fertile women undergoing hysterectomy were evaluated for the support of human embryonic cleavage and growth in vitro. Twelve patients provided 23 embryos for co-culture with subcultured ampullary cells grown in T6 + 15% patient's serum and 18 embryos for growth in T6 + 15% patient's serum alone (controls). Of embryos co-cultured with ampullary cells, 78% cleaved to the compacted embryo stage and 69% cavitated as compared with 50 and 33% respectively for controls (P less than 0.01). Only 30% of co-cultured embryos reached the expanded blastocyst and 26% underwent hatching as compared with 28% for both stages in controls. At the 2 - 4- and 6 - 8-cell stages, 91 and 87% of co-cultured embryos showed an absence or slight fragmentation as compared with 72 and 61% respectively for embryos grown in medium alone (P less than 0.01). None of the co-cultured embryos showed unequal-sized blastomeres while 22% of controls showed unequal cleavage. Embryos grown with ampullary cells cleaved slightly faster than controls. Scanning electron micrographs showed that ampullary cells collected from co-cultures were all of the secretory type with several microvilli and apical protrusions. It is clear that subcultured human ampullary cells support human embryonic cleavage and yield a reasonable number of good quality embryos up to the cavitation stage. Development past the expanded blastocyst and hatching stages seems to involve another critical phase with its own specific requirements.
Design of a storage and retrieval model for multimedia data. (1995)

One of the most important and challenging aspects in multimedia technology is the design of a storage and retrieval system that will support the recording and the playback of multimedia data from a secondary storage device. This multimedia storage and retrieval system must be capable of handling discrete media (i.e. text, images and graphics) and continuous media (i.e. audio, video and animation). It should also provide facilities to handle the synchronization information between two or more data objects in a multimedia application. In this thesis, multimedia technology and its applications are first introduced followed by a review of multimedia requirements. An overview of the current storage and retrieval techniques for multimedia information is then given. Following, our storage model for multimedia data is presented. This model can support the storage of both discrete media and continuous media on a hard disk, it also offers methods to store the synchronization information of data objects on the disk. Unlike conventional data placement techniques, a special storage pattern is used in the model for the storage of continuous media streams. By using the storage pattern, real-time constraint can be guaranteed during the retrieval of a continuous media stream. A control scheme for simultaneous retrieval of multiple streams is then discussed in a single disk head system. The control scheme can guarantee the continuous retrieval of multiple streams simultaneously. By combining this control scheme with buffering techniques, a dynamic access control algorithm is developed to control the acceptance of the new retrieval request. Computer simulation is used to help the analysis of the storage model and the simultaneous retrieval control scheme. The results show that the storage and retrieval model can provide a good storage efficiency, and can guarantee the continuous retrieval of delay sensitive media streams.
Complete Chemical Synthesis, Assembly, and Cloning of a Mycoplasma genitalium Genome (2008)

We have synthesized a 582,970-base pair Mycoplasma genitalium genome. This synthetic genome, named M. genitalium JCVI-1.0, contains all the genes of wild-type M. genitalium G37 except MG408, which was disrupted by an antibiotic marker to block pathogenicity and to allow for selection. To identify the genome as synthetic, we inserted "watermarks" at intergenic sites known to tolerate transposon insertions. Overlapping "cassettes" of 5 to 7 kilobases (kb), assembled from chemically synthesized oligonucleotides, were joined by in vitro recombination to produce intermediate assemblies of approximately 24 kb, 72 kb ("1/8 genome"), and 144 kb ("1/4 genome"), which were all cloned as bacterial artificial chromosomes in Escherichia coli. Most of these intermediate clones were sequenced, and clones of all four 1/4 genomes with the correct sequence were identified. The complete synthetic genome was assembled by transformation-associated recombination cloning in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, then isolated and sequenced. A clone with the correct sequence was identified. The methods described here will be generally useful for constructing large DNA molecules from chemically synthesized pieces and also from combinations of natural and synthetic DNA segments.
Cost‐Efficient Aluminum Open‐Cell Foams: Manufacture, Characterization, and Heat Transfer Measurements (2018)

Metal foams may have applications in the field of catalytic supports, but the available manufacturing processes are too expensive for industrial use. The goal of the paper is to investigate and compare alternative cost‐efficient manufacturing methods, aimed at producing open‐cell aluminum foams for low‐temperature catalytic applications. The explored process chains are 1) solid state bonding of stacked thin slices of closed cell foams; 2) the conventional method of sintering and dissolution of aluminum powders with space holder; 3) sintering and dissolution of recycled aluminum turning chips with space holder. The process chains and their main parameters are described in detail. The morphological properties of the produced open‐cell foam samples, relevant to catalytic applications (cell size, hydraulic porosity, total porosity, surface to volume ratio), are measured and compared. Finally, their heat transfer properties are experimentally compared. The foams produced by the sintering and dissolution process exhibit the most favorable compromise among the goals of reducing the manufacturing cost, increasing the heat transfer coefficients, controlling the cell morphology.
Proton nuclear Overhauser effect study of the structure of an actinomycin D complex with a self-complementary tetranucleoside triphosphate (1983)

Saturation transfer and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) techniques have been used to assign some resonances of nonexchangeable protons in the NMR spectrum of the complex formed between actinomycin D and the self-complementary tetranucleoside triphosphate d(A-G-C-T). Intermolecular NOEs suggest that the drug chromophore intercalates between the two G-C base pairs of the nucleotide double helix, while the pentapeptide lactone rings fill the minor groove. Binding-induced distortions of helix geometry are discussed.
A Comparison of the Neurotoxic Effects on the Spinal Cord of Tetracaine, Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, and Ropivacaine Administered Intrathecally in Rabbits (2003)

In Brief We have reported that increased glutamate concentrations in microdialysate of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be clue phenomena to elucidate mechanisms of neurotoxicity of intrathecal tetracaine. However, little is known about whether this is true for other local anesthetics. In this study, we compared the effects of local anesthetics on glutamate concentrations in CSF microdialysate and neurologic and histopathologic outcome. Rabbits were assigned into 5 groups (n = 6 in each) and intrathecally received 0.3 mL of NaCl solution (control), 2% tetracaine, 10% lidocaine, 2% bupivacaine, or 2% ropivacaine. Neurologic and histopathologic assessments were performed 1 wk after the administration. Intrathecal local anesthetics significantly increased glutamate concentrations with no significant differences among the four local anesthetics. The sensory and motor functions in the lidocaine group were significantly worse than in the other groups. Characteristic histopathologic changes were vacuolation in the dorsal funiculus and chromatolytic damage of motor neurons. The extent of vacuolation of the dorsal funiculus was in the order of lidocaine = tetracaine > bupivacaine > ropivacaine. Although the differences among the local anesthetics cannot be explained by glutamate concentrations, the results suggest that the margin of safety may be smallest with lidocaine. IMPLICATIONS: Large concentrations of local anesthetics administered intrathecally increased glutamate concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid. The margin of safety may be smallest with lidocaine.
Vaccines for List A poultry diseases: emphasis on avian influenza. (2003)

Various vaccine technologies have been shown experimentally to be effective for immunization against avian influenza (AI) virus and include conventional inactivated oil-based whole AI virus, vectored virus, subunit protein and DNA vaccines. Vaccine-induced protection is based upon antibodies produced against the surface glycoproteins, principally the haemagglutinin, but also the neuraminidase. This protection is specific only for individual subtypes of haemagglutinin (H1-15) and neuraminidase (N1-9) proteins. AI vaccines protect chickens and turkeys from clinical signs and death, and reduce respiratory and intestinal replication of a challenge virus containing homologous haemagglutinin protein. Many of the vaccines are effective if given as a single injection and provide protection for greater than 20 weeks. Protection has been demonstrated against both low and high doses of challenge virus. Furthermore, subtype H5 AI vaccine has been shown to provide protection against heterologous H5 strains with 89.4% or greater haemagglutinin deduced amino acid sequence similarity and isolated over 38 years. Currently, inactivated whole AI virus vaccines and a fowl pox-vectored vaccine with AI H5 haemagglutinin gene insert are used commercially in various countries of the world. These vaccines have some disadvantages associated with the labour requirements for parenteral administration. However, an experimental recombinant Newcastle disease virus vaccine with an AI haemagglutinin gene insert shows some promise as a low cost, mass administered aerosol vaccine. A critical issue for the use of vaccines in the field is the need to differentiate vaccinated birds from those infected with the field virus. Differentiation is necessary for outbreak surveillance and trade. The use of AI vaccines varies with individual countries and for different AI virus subtypes.
The structure and mechanism of formation of human calcitonin fibrils. (1993)

Turbidity measurements of the kinetics of human calcitonin (hCT) fibrillation showed a linear dependence of the logarithm of fibrillation time (the time the sample is not fibrillated) and the logarithm of hCT concentration. This ln/ln plot linearity and electron microscope observations of fibrils indicate that the fibrillation process can be explained by the double nucleation mechanism that was proposed for the gelation of sickle cell hemoglobin (Ferrone, F. A., Hofrichter, J., Sunshine, H. R., and Eaton, W. A. (1980) Biophys. J. 32, 361-380). Circular dichroism, fluorescence, and infrared spectroscopy studies of fibrils showed that hCT molecules have alpha-helical and beta-sheet secondary structure components. A model for the structure of hCT molecules in fibrils is proposed.
The complete cDNA sequence of human hexabrachion (Tenascin). A multidomain protein containing unique epidermal growth factor repeats. (1991)

Hexabrachion (Tenascin) is a large glycoprotein that appears in extracellular matrices as a disulfide-linked multimer. It is synthesized in an ordered fashion at particular sites during development, is made in large amounts by certain tumors, and is found in restricted tissue locations in the adult. In this report, we describe the sequence of a full length cDNA of human hexabrachion. The encoded protein contains a total of 2203 amino acids and is a linear array of discrete reiterated domains. At the 5' end are encoded hydrophobic residues and 8 flanking cysteines predicted to be responsible for assembly of hexabrachion polypeptides into a radially arranged, six-armed complex. Following this region are 14 1/2 contiguous 31-amino acid epidermal growth factor-like repeats that have a unique structure with respect to the known examples of this type of domain. Immediately adjacent to these repeats lie 15 uninterrupted segments of approximately 90 amino acids which are similar to the Type III units found in fibronectin. At the carboxyl terminus of the protein is a 210-amino acid domain that is similar to fibrinogen. The domain structure of this protein is consistent with the potential for interaction with multiple ligands and for roles in cell adhesion and/or signaling.
A sequence independent power-on-reset circuit for multi-voltage systems (2006)

With the advent of multiple supply domains on a single chip, issues related to power sequencing are becoming a major hurdle for system designers. Existing POR strategies fail to cope up with these issues. We propose a scheme in which the power on reset generation is independent of the sequence of supply ramp-up. The circuit implementation of the proposed methodology has been realized for a dual supply system. The basic circuit is modified so as to consume zero static current. An attempt to reduce any leakage current during supply ramp-up has also been made successfully. Simulation results verify the sequence independence concept and low power consumption. Further the proposed realization is modular enough to be extended for more number of supplies
Revisiting routing control platforms with the eyes and muscles of software-defined networking (2012)

Prior work on centralized Routing Control Platform (RCP) has shown many benefits in flexible routing, enhanced security, and ISP connectivity management tasks. In this paper, we discuss RCPs in the context of OpenFlow/SDN, describing potential use cases and identifying deployment challenges and advantages. We propose a controller-centric hybrid networking model and present the design of the RouteFlow Control Platform (RFCP) along the prototype implementation of an AS-wide abstract BGP routing service.