gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding Inverse Theory (1977)

Carbonatites are igneous rocks formed in the crust by fractional crystallization of carbonate-rich parental melts that are mostly mantle derived. They dominantly consist of carbonate minerals such as calcite, dolomite, and ankerite, as well as minor ...Read More
Early mitotic inhibitor-1, an anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome inhibitor, can control tumor cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with Skp2 stability and degradation of p27Kip1 (2012)

Early mitotic inhibitor-1 (Emi1) is a key cell-cycle regulator that promotes S-phase and M-phase entry by inhibiting anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activity. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 114 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples, and the data were correlated with clinicopathologic features. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to determine the prognostic significance of the proteins. Expression of Emi1 correlated directly with the stage of HCC. More importantly, high expression of Emi1 was associated with a poor outcome. Western blot analysis showed that Emi1 was highly expressed in HCC compared with the adjacent noncancerous tissue. In vitro, after the release of HCC cell lines from serum starvation, the expression of Emi1 APC/C substrates (cyclins A, B) and Skp2 was up-regulated, whereas p27(Kip1) was down-regulated. In addition, we used small interfering RNA to knock out Emi1 expression and observed its effects on HCC growth in vitro to determine whether loss of Emi1 could inhibit cell proliferation by blocking S-phase and mitotic entry. Western blot analyses indicated that deletion of Emi1 was positively correlated with APC/C substrates (cyclins A, B) and Skp2 but was negatively correlated with p27(Kip1). Emi1 inhibits APC/C activity, whereas Skp2 degradation is mediated by APC/C, and degradation of Skp2 can stabilize p27(kip1). These results suggested that Emi1 participates in HCC cell proliferation and that progression is controlled by APC/C inhibition, which stabilized Skp2 and enabled p27(kip1) degradation. These findings provide a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.
Identification of the functional core of the influenza A virus A/M2 proton-selective ion channel (2009)

The influenza A virus M2 protein (A/M2) is a homotetrameric pH-activated proton transporter/channel that mediates acidification of the interior of endosomally encapsulated virus. This 97-residue protein has a single transmembrane (TM) helix, which associates to form homotetramers that bind the anti-influenza drug amantadine. However, the minimal fragment required for assembly and proton transport in cellular membranes has not been defined. Therefore, the conductance properties of truncation mutants expressed in Xenopus oocytes were examined. A short fragment spanning residues 21-61, M2(21-61), was inserted into the cytoplasmic membrane and had specific, amantadine-sensitive proton transport activity indistinguishable from that of full-length A/M2; an epitope-tagged version of an even shorter fragment, M2(21-51)-FLAG, had specific activity within a factor of 2 of the full-length protein. Furthermore, synthetic fragments including a peptide spanning residues 22-46 were found to transport protons into liposomes in an amantadine-sensitive manner. In addition, the functionally important His-37 residue pK(a) values are highly perturbed in the tetrameric form of the protein, a property conserved in the TM peptide and full-length A/M2 in both micelles and bilayers. These data demonstrate that the determinants for folding, drug binding, and proton translocation are packaged in a remarkably small peptide that can now be studied with confidence.
4-Hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxamides with antiarthritic and analgesic activities (1988)

A series of 4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxamides has been synthesized and evaluated by the oral route as antiinflammatory agents in carrageenin-induced foot edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis and as analgesic agents in the acetic acid induced writhing test. Among the most active molecules, some have shown both analgesic and acute antiinflammatory activities. Others, such as compounds 24, 37, and 52, were only powerful peripherally acting analgesics. Compound 52, being active at 1 mg/kg (ED50), is the most potent compound in the series. Some analogues, substituted in the 2-position by an alcohol, ester, or amine function, displayed potent antiarthritic activity in the same range as that of piroxicam and were also active in acute tests of inflammation and nociception. They inhibited the activity of both cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase at micromolar concentrations. Compound 102 (RU 43526) showed potent antiarthritic activity (adjuvant-induced arthritis, ED50 = 0.7 mg/kg, po) and gastrointestinal tolerance (ED100 greater than 250 mg/kg, po) and thus it is presently undergoing an extensive pharmacological evaluation.
Impact of delays on effectiveness of contact tracing strategies for COVID-19: a modelling study (2020)

ZonMw, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, and EU Horizon 2020 RECOVER.
Motion vector prediction with reference frame consideration (2003)

In this paper, we introduce a new motion vector prediction method that could be used within multiple picture reference codecs, such as the H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) video coding standard. Our method considers for each candidate motion vector the temporal distance of its corresponding reference picture compared to the current one for the generation of the predictor motion vector. This allows for more accurate motion vector prediction, and better exploitation of the temporal correlation that may exist within a video sequence. Furthermore, we also introduce a modification to the SKIP motion vector macroblock mode, according to which not only the motion vectors but also the reference indices are adaptively generated. Simulation results suggest that our proposed methods, combined with an improved Rate Distortion optimization strategy, if implemented within the existing H.264 codec, can allow for a considerable performance improvement of up to 8.6% bitrate reduction compared to the current H.264 standard.
Reduction of plantar pressure with the rigid relief orthosis (1993)

The rigid relief orthosis was developed to protect vulnerable sites on the plantar surface of the insensitive foot against reulceration by providing both a nonyielding relief under the healed lesion site and a total contact fit. Clinically, the rigid relief orthosis has been effective in protecting the foot against the trauma induced by the repetitive mechanical stress of walking. This study used both the Hercules and F-Scan pressure transducer systems to measure pressure at the first metatarsal head in three orthotic treatments. Both measurement systems recorded significant reductions in pressure at the first metatarsal head with the rigid relief orthosis, establishing a quantitative rationale explaining its clinical effectiveness. Significant pressure differences were also recorded at the secondary sites of the heel, midfoot, and third metatarsal head.
A Method to Isolate and Purify Human Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells (2008)

The STRO-1 antibody can be used as a single reagent to isolate human bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSSC), owing to its restricted specificity to a cell surface molecule expressed by clonogenic BMSSC, with little or no reactivity to hematopoietic stem/progenitor populations or mature stromal elements. The present protocol uses a combination of two different immunoselection methodologies in an attempt to generate highly purified preparations of BMSSC. This process involves the initial isolation of a minor subpopulation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (approx 10%) expressing the STRO-1 antigen, by means of magnetic activated cell sorting. Dual-color fluorescence activated cell sorting is then used as a secondary step to further purify the rare STRO-1bright expressing fraction that contains all of the colony-forming BMSSC, based on their co-expression of a secondary cell surface marker, CD106 (VCAM-1).
Establishment of New Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Is Improved by Physiological Glucose and Oxygen (2006)

Embryonic stem cell lines are routinely selected and cultured in glucose and oxygen concentrations that are well above those of the intrauterine environment. Supraphysiological glucose and hyperoxia each increase oxidative stress, which could be detrimental to survival in vitro by inhibiting proliferation and/or inducing cell death. The aim of this study was to test whether isolation of new embryonic stem cell lines from murine blastocysts is improved by culture in physiological (5%) oxygen instead of approximately 20%, the concentration of oxygen in room air, or in media containing physiological (100 mg/dL) instead of 450 mg/dL glucose. We found that culturing in either physiological oxygen or physiological glucose improved the success of establishing new murine embryonic stem cell lines, and that culture when concentrations of both oxygen and glucose were physiological improved the success of establishing new lines more than culture in either alone. Physiological oxygen and glucose reduce oxidative stress, as determined by 2',7'-dichloro-dihydrofluorescein fluorescence. BrdU incorporation suggests that physiological oxygen and glucose increase the pool of proliferating cells. Cells isolated in physiological oxygen and glucose are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into all three germ layers in vitro. However, none of the culture conditions prevents cytogenetic instability with prolonged passage. These results suggest that culture of cells derived from murine blastocysts in physiological oxygen and glucose reduces oxidant stress, which increases the success of establishing new embryonic stem cell lines.
Compatibility Analysis on Existing Reactivity Devices in CANDU 6 Reactors for DUPIC Fuel Cycle (2000)

The performance of reactivity devices for a Canada deuterium uranium (CANDU) 6 reactor loaded with Direct Use of Spent Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel In CANDU reactors (DUPIC) fuel is assessed. The reactivity devices studied are the zone controller units, the adjuster rods, and the mechanical control absorbers. For the zone controller system, the bulk reactivity control, spatial power control, and damping capability for spatial oscillation are investigated. For the adjusters, the xenon override, restart after a poison-out, shim operation, and power step-back capabilities are confirmed. The mechanical control absorber is assessed for the function of compensating temperature reactivity feedback following a power reduction. This study shows that the current reactivity device system of a CANDU 6 reactor is compatible with DUPIC fuel for normal and transient operations.
IL-12 and IL-18 differentially regulate the transcriptional activity of the human IFN-gamma promoter in primary CD4+ T lymphocytes. (1998)

We analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which IL-12 and IL-18 induce transcriptional activity of the IFN-gamma promoter in primary human CD4+ T cells. In transfection experiments, we found that IL-18 directly induces IFN-gamma promoter activity, whereas significant activation with IL-12 required costimulation with alphaCD3/CD28. Furthermore, IL-12 caused in vivo protection of a STAT4 (-236) binding site, whereas stimulation with IL-18 or IL-12 plus alphaCD3/CD28 induced occupancy of a downstream AP-1 site. Mutation of this AP-1 site abrogated both IL-12- and IL-18-mediated promoter activation, whereas mutation of the STAT site inhibited IL-12-dependent activation. These data suggest that both AP-1 and STAT4 are required for IL-12-dependent IFN-gamma promoter activity, whereas IL-18 causes direct activation via AP-1. This differential activation of the IFN-gamma promoter gives further insights into molecular pathways governing Th1 T cell development and differentiation.
Interoperability considerations for digital HDTV (1991)

It is agreed that digital high-definition television (HDTV) systems have the potential for facilitating interoperability among high-resolution image systems. Selection of an advanced television system that will incorporate attributes needed for interoperability, and harmonize the interchange of still and moving images from diverse sources is discussed. Carefully designed headers and descriptors embedded within the digital HDTV data are described. These can be used to identify the image data to current and future receivers and incorporated within the protocols of telecommunications networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bubble Point Measurements of Hydrocarbon Mixtures in Mesoporous Media (2017)

The phase behavior change when fluids are in a confined system has been an important issue after shale reservoirs became the focus of new oil and gas resources. Most studies on phase behavior of confined fluid systems have focused on modeling pore size dependence upon critical properties with no direct experimental evidence. Direct bubble point measurements of hydrocarbon mixtures in two synthesized mesoporous materials are provided in this work. Two different synthesized mesoporous silica materials, SBA-15 and SBA-16, having similar pore sizes (namely, 4 nm), were used. Well-ordered nanopores with narrow pore size distribution characterized these synthesized mesoporous silica materials. Decane–methane and octane–methane mixtures in 90:10 molar ratios were employed. The phase diagrams of the hydrocarbon mixtures were generated using a commercial thermodynamic simulator. The bubble point pressure of bulk (no porous medium) mixtures of decane–methane and octane–methane and the bubble point pressures with mesoporous materials (SBA-15 and SBA-16) were measured experimentally. Experiments were also performed with micrometer-sized sand particles. The bubble point pressure results of the hydrocarbon mixtures in the mesoporous materials were lower than those in the bulk, while the bubble points with sand were closer to those with bulk measurements. The bubble point pressure with SBA-15 having the higher total porosity and inner porosity was slightly lower than that with SBA-16. The differences may also be attributed to the different pore morphologies in the two mesoporous materials.
Unique Dielectric Properties Distinguish Stem Cells and Their Differentiated Progeny (2007)

The relatively new field of stem cell biology is hampered by a lack of sufficient means to accurately determine the phenotype of cells. Cell-type-specific markers, such as cell surface proteins used for flow cytometry or fluorescence-activated cell sorting, are limited and often recognize multiple members of a stem cell lineage. We sought to develop a complementary approach that would be less dependent on the identification of particular markers for the subpopulations of cells and would instead measure their overall character. We tested whether a microfluidic system using dielectrophoresis (DEP), which induces a frequency-dependent dipole in cells, would be useful for characterizing stem cells and their differentiated progeny. We found that populations of mouse neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs), differentiated neurons, and differentiated astrocytes had different dielectric properties revealed by DEP. By isolating NSPCs from developmental ages at which they are more likely to generate neurons, or astrocytes, we were able to show that a shift in dielectric property reflecting their fate bias precedes detectable marker expression in these cells and identifies specific progenitor populations. In addition, experimental data and mathematical modeling suggest that DEP curve parameters can indicate cell heterogeneity in mixed cultures. These findings provide evidence for a whole cell property that reflects stem cell fate bias and establish DEP as a tool with unique capabilities for interrogating, characterizing, and sorting stem cells.
Human recombinant interleukin‐ 1α increases biosynthesis of collagenase and hyaluronic acid in cultured human chorionic cells (1989)

The influence of human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (hrIL-1) on biosynthesis of collagenase and glycosaminoglycans was investigated with fibroblast-like cells of human chorionic membrane. hrIL-1 stimulated cells to produce procollagenase in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it similarly accelerated both biosynthesis and secretion of hyaluronic acid in chorionic cells, but did not modulate the biosynthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Therefore, the relative concentration of hyaluronic acid vs total glycosaminoglycans increased significantly. These results are connected with the decrease in tensile strength observed in ruptured fetal membranes. Thus, it is proposed that IL-1 from effused leukocytes in fetal membranes plays an important role in connective tissue metabolism, especially in premature rupture of membranes with chorioamnionitis.
Lensless imaging for simultaneous microfluidic sperm monitoring and sorting (2011)

5.3 million American couples of reproductive age (9%) are affected by infertility, among which male factors account for up to 50% of cases, which necessitates the identification of parameters defining sperm quality, including sperm count and motility. In vitro fertilization (IVF) with or without intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has become the most widely used assisted reproductive technology (ART) in modern clinical practice to overcome male infertility challenges. One of the obstacles of IVF and ICSI lies in identifying and isolating the most motile and presumably healthiest sperm from semen samples that have low sperm counts (oligozoospermia) and/or low sperm motility (oligospermaesthenia). Microfluidic systems have shown potential to sort sperm with flow systems. However, the small field of view (FOV) of conventional microscopes commonly used to image sperm motion presents challenges in tracking a large number of sperm cells simultaneously. To address this challenge, we have integrated a lensless charge-coupled device (CCD) with a microfluidic chip to enable wide FOV and automatic recording as the sperm move inside a microfluidic channel. The integrated system enables the sorting and tracking of a population of sperm that have been placed in a microfluidic channel. This channel can be monitored in both horizontal and vertical configuration similar to a swim-up column method used clinically. Sperm motilities can be quantified by tracing the shadow paths for individual sperm. Moreover, as the sperm are sorted by swimming from the inlet towards the outlet of a microfluidic channel, motile sperm that reach the outlet can be extracted from the channel at the end of the process. This technology can lead to methods to evaluate each sperm individually in terms of motility response in a wide field of view, which could prove especially useful, when working with oligozoospermic or oligospermaesthenic samples, in which the most motile sperm need to be isolated from a pool of small number of sperm.
Prion diseases of the central nervous system. (1990)

Prions are novel, transmissible pathogens causing degenerative diseases in humans and animals. Kuru, CJD, and GSS illustrate the infectious, sporadic, and genetic mechanisms for human prion diseases, respectively. Scrapie of sheep and goats is the prototypic prion disorder since it was the first of these diseases to be transmitted to laboratory rodents. Over the past five years, a large amount of experimental data about the particles causing scrapie has been accumulated. Most of the information has been confirmed, and much of it is widely accepted. At times, this confirmed body of information has been overshadowed by what appears to be controversy due to the diverse terminology used by different laboratories. Prions are composed largely, if not entirely, of an abnormal isoform of the prion protein (PrP). The development of procedures to disperse infectious prions in detergent-lipid-protein complexes (DLPC) and liposomes has led to many advances. Previously, purified prions were aggregated into rod-shaped particles which are insoluble amyloids. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) raised against PrP 27-30, which is derived from the scrapie PrP isoform (PrPSc) by limited proteolysis. have been used to purify scrapie prion infectivity in DLPC. Immunoaffinity purified fractions contain PrPSc and high prion titers. Polyclonal antibodies to PrP 27-30 were found to neutralize scrapie infectivity. These experimental results coupled with additional biochemical, genetic, pathologic, and cell biological lines of evidence have established that PrPSc is a major and necessary component of the scrapie prion. Both PrPSc and its cellular isoform (PrPc) are encoded by the same single-copy chromosomal gene. This is a major feature distinguishing prions from both viruses and viroids. To date, no prion-specific nucleic acid has been identified that is required for transmission of disease. PrPC and PrPSc are thought to have the same amino acid sequence but to differ due to some posttranslational process. Both PrPC and PrPSc are glycoproteins that possess Asn-linked oligosaccharides and glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors. Whether the features that distinguish PrPSc from PrPC arise from differences in their Asn-linked oligosaccharides or GPI anchors is unknown. GSS and familial CJD are the only known human diseases that are both genetic and infectious. Recent studies have demonstrated that GSS is an autosomal dominant disorder and that a Pro----Leu substitution at codon 102 of the PrP gene is linked to the development of GSS. Earlier investigations showed genetic linkage between an incubation time gene (Prn-i) and the PrP gene in inbred mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lucien "will" nicht lernen - eine pädagogisch-psychologische Fallgeschichte (2004)

In dem Beitrag wird versucht, einen differenzierten, von der individuellen Lebenssituation des betroffenen Kindes ausgehenden Blick auf Lernstorungen zu werfen. Hierbei wird versucht, einen Zusammenhang zwischen Lernstorungen und emotionalen Problemen herzustellen. Als Reflexionsgrundlage dienen Winnicotts Auffassungen der Umwelt. Inwieweit das Fehlen einer haltenden Umwelt das Lernen behindern und zu sonderpadagogischem Forderbedarf fuhren kann, wird anhand einer Fallgeschichte aus dem Schulalltag erlautert.
High Luminance in Organic Electroluminescent Devices with Bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolinato)beryllium as an Emitter (1993)

Abstract An organic electroluminescent (EL) devices with bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolinate) beryllium (Bebq2) as an emitter was fabricated. A device structure of [ITO/hole transport layer/emitting layer/MgIn] was employed. Its color was green, and its emission peak was 516 nm. This device offered high performance with a luminance of 1.9 × 104 cd/m2 and a luminous efficiency of 3.5 lm/W.
Integrated flow-cells for novel adjustable sheath flows (2003)

In this paper two integrated flow-cells are presented that can generate novel sheath flows. The flow-cells allow for dynamic orthogonal control of the sample flow dimensions. In addition to this, the sample flow can be freely positioned inside the channel. The flow-cells are attractive, because they are very simple to fabricate and are compatible with the integration of sensors. Experiments have been carried out demonstrating that the sample flow dimensions can be controlled over a wide range; also the results show good agreement with finite element simulation results.