gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic remote palpation: initial in vivo results (2002)

An ultrasonic method for remote palpation of tissue is under investigation. In this method, a single ultrasonic transducer array is used to both apply localized radiation forces within tissue and to track the resulting displacements. The magnitude of the tissue displacement is inversely proportional to the local stiffness of the tissue. There are many possible clinical applications for this method, including detecting and characterizing soft tissue lesions, and detecting atherosclerosis. We have previously presented results from studies investigating the application of a single radiation force location in the presence and absence of a lesion in tissue-mimicking phantoms. In this paper, results are presented from in vivo experiments using a single pushing location, and phantom experiments in which multiple pushing locations are used to interrogate a two-dimensional field of view (FOV). Displacements on the order of 10 to 30 microns are observed in vivo after 10 milliseconds of force application, and the resulting displacement images exhibit structural information about the tissue. Remote palpation images generated using multiple pushing locations display local variations in tissue stiffness at high resolution. These results suggest considerable clinical potential for remote palpation imaging, and the potential for real-time implementation on commercial diagnostic scanners.
Biochemical and Genetic Studies of Recombination Proficiency in Escherichia coli , II. Rec + Revertants Caused by Indirect Suppression of Rec-Mutations (1970)

All recB(-) and recC(-) mutants of E. coli carry out significant residual genetic recombination, whereas all recA(-) mutants form no recombinants. This observation suggests that an alternative minor pathway of recombination, independent of recB(+) and recC(+) products, may be operative in Escherichia coli. Rec(+) revertants of recB(-)recC(+), recB(+)recC(-), and recB(-) strains of E. coli have been isolated and are shown to fall into at least two major genotypic classes. One class carries revertant mutations which map in or very near the recB and recC genes. In this class an ATP-dependent DNase characteristic of wild type E. coli is restored. The reversions in this class are probably back-mutations or intragenic suppressor mutations. A second class carries revertant mutations which are located far from the recB and recC genes. In this class there is a high level of DNase activity which does not require ATP and is inactive on T4 DNA. Indirect and not informational suppression appears to be responsible for the second class of revertants. The suggestion is made that restoration of recombination by indirect suppression involves an activation or derepression of one or a series of enzymes, which participate in a pathway of recombination, alternative to the recB and recC pathway, but normally of minor importance. The ATP-independent DNase may be one of these enzymes.
Consensus Report of the Working Group on: “Molecular and Biochemical Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease” (1998)

The ideal biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) should detect a fundamental feature of neuropathology and be validated in neuropathologically-confirmed cases; it should have a sensitivity >80% for detecting AD and a specificity of >80% for distinguishing other dementias; it should be reliable, reproducible, non-invasive, simple to perform, and inexpensive. Recommended steps to establish a biomarker include confirmation by at least two independent studies conducted by qualified investigators with the results published in peer-reviewed journals. Our review of current candidate markers indicates that for suspected early-onset familial AD, it is appropriate to search for mutations in the presenilin 1, presenilin 2, and amyloid precursor protein genes. Individuals with these mutations typically have increased levels of the amyloid Aβ42 peptide in plasma and decreased levels of APPs in cerebrospinal fluid. In late-onset and sporadic AD, these measures are not useful, but detecting an apolipoprotein E e4 allele can add confidence to the clinical diagnosis. Among the other proposed molecular and biochemical markers for sporadic AD, cerebrospinal fluid assays showing low levels of Aβ42 and high levels of tau come closest to fulfilling criteria for a useful biomarker.
Nondigestible Oligo‐ and Polysaccharides (Dietary Fiber): Their Physiology and Role in Human Health and Food (2002)

Nondigestible polysaccharides (NDP) and nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) occur naturally in many foods. The physicochemical and biological properties of these compounds, as they relate to dietary fiber, are associated with physiological actions in the small and large intestine, having important implications in human health. These properties include water dispersibility and solubility, viscosity effects, bulk, absorption and fermentability, and binding of other compounds. These features may lead to various physiological actions such as reducing cholesterol and attenuating blood glucose, maintaining gastrointestinal health, and positively affecting calcium bioavailability and immune function. Moreover, based on their physiochemical properties, many of the new oligosaccharides can help improve the organoleptic properties and nutritional value of foods.
Depletion of CD25+ regulatory cells results in suppression of melanoma growth and induction of autoreactivity in mice. (2002)

Treatment with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for CD25 (anti-CD25 mAb) has been shown to suppress growth of a variety of different tumours in mice. These studies did not however determine whether or not anti-CD25 mAbs facilitate tumour rejection by depletion of regulatory T cells or by binding to tumour-specific effector cells. Using a murine model of melanoma we have found that treatment of mice with anti-CD25 mAb facilitates long-term CD4+ T cell-mediated tumour immunity through depletion of CD25+ regulatory cells. We further show that the effector CD4+ T cells confer long-term tumour immunity even in the presence of CD25+ regulatory cells and do not require CD8+ T cells for tumour rejection. The inhibitory impact of anti-CD25 mAb treatment on tumour growth may be the result of depleting CD25+ regulatory cells that normally inhibit the generation of immune responses to self-antigens that are shared by the tumour. We have performed experiments to determine whether or not immune responses to melanocyte antigens are generated in anti-CD25 mAb-treated, melanoma-immune mice. The results of the experiments indicate that a T cell response to the melanocyte antigen tyrosinase accompanies suppression of tumour growth in mice lacking CD25+ regulatory cells.
E2F7, a novel target, is up-regulated by p53 and mediates DNA damage-dependent transcriptional repression (2012)

The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a transcription factor that exerts its effects on the cell cycle via regulation of gene expression. Although the mechanism of p53-dependent transcriptional activation has been well-studied, the molecular basis for p53-mediated repression has been elusive. The E2F family of transcription factors has been implicated in regulation of cell cycle-related genes, with E2F6, E2F7, and E2F8 playing key roles in repression. In response to cellular DNA damage, E2F7, but not E2F6 or E2F8, is up-regulated in a p53-dependent manner, with p53 being sufficient to increase expression of E2F7. Indeed, p53 occupies the promoter of the E2F7 gene after genotoxic stress, consistent with E2F7 being a novel p53 target. Ablation of E2F7 expression abrogates p53-dependent repression of a subset of its targets, including E2F1 and DHFR, in response to DNA damage. Furthermore, E2F7 occupancy of the E2F1 and DHFR promoters is detected, and expression of E2F7 is sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation. Taken together, these results show that p53-dependent transcriptional up-regulation of its target, E2F7, leads to repression of relevant gene expression. In turn, this E2F7-dependent mechanism contributes to p53-dependent cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage.
Rapid palliation of symptoms with platinum-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab in recurrent oral cancer: a case report (2010)

This case illustrates the rapid reduction of tumour mass and disease-associated pain and oedema that can be achieved with a combination of platinum-based chemotherapy and cetuximab in recurrent and/or metastatic SCCHN.
Transgenic mice expressing MHC class II molecules with truncated Aβ cytoplasmic domains reveal signaling-independent defects in antigen presentation (1995)

The thymic development and peripheral activation of CD4+ T cells are critically dependent upon interactions with MHC class II molecules on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). In vitro studies involving transfection of cell lines with mutant MHC molecules have demonstrated that the cytoplasmic domains of class II molecules can be required for efficient antigen presentation. To address the role of class II cytoplasmic domains in physiological, non-transformed APC and in vivo immune responses, we have generated transgenic mice which express only truncated class II A beta molecules lacking the 13 membrane distal residues. In vivo, CD4+ T cell development and immune responses to conventional protein antigens, parasitic infections and skin grafts were indistinguishable between control and transgenic mice. Nevertheless, in vitro, APC from transgenic mice poorly stimulate T cell hybridomas and wild-type in vivo-primed T cells. Neither class II-mediated induction of B7-1 expression nor homotypic aggregation were diminished in transgenic B cells, suggesting that both cAMP and tyrosine kinase signaling pathways remain intact despite truncation of the A beta cytoplasmic domain. Furthermore, chemically-fixed cells from transgenic animals are impaired in their antigen presenting capacity. Thus, in contrast to previous studies with cell lines transfected with truncated class II molecules, these results suggest that signaling-independent mechanisms account for the defective in vitro antigen presenting capacity of physiological APC expressing truncated A beta proteins.
SiRNA-mediated inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor severely limits tumor resistance to antiangiogenic thrombospondin-1 and slows tumor vascularization and growth. (2003)

In the past few years, several laboratories have developed antiangiogenic molecules that starve tumors by targeting their vasculature and we have shown that, when produced in tumors, the antiangiogenic molecule thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) reduces the vascularization and delays tumor onset. Yet over time, tumor cells producing active TSP1 do eventually form exponentially growing tumors. These tumors are composed of cells secreting unusually high amounts of the angiogenic stimulator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that are sufficient to overcome the inhibitory TSP1. Here, we use short double-stranded RNA (siRNA) to trigger RNA interference and thereby impair the synthesis of VEGF and ask if this inability to produce VEGF prevents the development of TSP1 resistance. Systemic in vivo administration of crude anti-VEGF siRNA reduced the growth of unaltered fibrosarcoma tumor cells, and when the anti-VEGF siRNA was expressed from tumor cells themselves, such inhibition was synergistic with the inhibitory effects derived from TSP1 secretion by the tumor cells. Anti-VEGF siRNA delayed the emergence of TSP1-resistant tumors and strikingly reduced their subsequent growth rate.
Three-Dimensional Holographic Image Sensing and Integral Imaging Display (2005)

In this paper, we propose three-dimensional (3-D) holographic sensing, and computational/optical 3-D integral imaging reconstruction. We demonstrate experimentally that through the integral imaging technique, it is possible to reconstruct a full 3-D scene which has been obtained by digital holograms. Three-dimensional color objects can also be displayed optically in 3-D without convergence-accommodation conflict using a microlens array, and a two-dimensional (2-D) display panel illuminated by incoherent light. The proposed approach takes advantages of high resolution holographic sensing and robust 3-D integral imaging visualization.
Effect of Advanced Imaging Technology on How Biopsies Are Done and Who Does Them (2010)

Purpose To assess national levels and trends in utilization of biopsy procedures during the past decade and investigate the relative roles of biopsy approaches (open, endoscopic, and percutaneous) and physician specialties. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval was not necessary because only public domain data were used. Aggregated Medicare claims data were used to determine utilization of biopsies performed in 10 anatomic regions from 1997 to 2008. Utilization levels according to biopsy approach and anatomic region were calculated. Trends in the relative utilization of percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) and imaging-guided percutaneous biopsy (IGPB) were assessed. The relative roles of radiologists and nonradiologists in the performance of all biopsies, PNBs, and IGPBs were evaluated. Results Biopsy procedures with all approaches increased from 1380 to 1945 biopsies per 100 000 Medicare enrollees between 1997 and 2008, which represents a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3%. Utilization of non-PNBs fell, while the absolute level and relative share of PNBs increased. In 2008, 67% of all biopsies were performed by using a percutaneous route. IGPB as a percentage of all PNBs increased over time in the regions for which data were available. Radiology was the leading specialty providing biopsy services. The total number of biopsies performed by radiologists increased at a CAGR of 8%, and radiologists’ share of all biopsies increased from 35% to 56%. Conclusion During the past decade, there was continuing substitution away from invasive approaches and non–imaging-guided percutaneous approaches in favor of PNBs and IGPBs, likely related to increasing use of advanced imaging modalities for biopsy guidance. Consequently, radiologists are performing an increasing share of biopsies across all anatomic regions. © RSNA, 2010 Supplemental material: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.10092130/-/DC1
Selective opioid receptor agonists and antagonists: research tools and potential therapeutic agents (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective opioid receptor agonists and antagonists: research tools and potential therapeutic agentsDennis M. Zimmerman and J. David LeanderCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 3, 895–902Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00165a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00165a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views691Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Copper(I) Alkoxide-Catalyzed Alkynylation of Trifluoromethyl Ketones (2007)

A general method for direct alkynylation of trifluoromethyl ketones was developed by using CuO(t)Bu-xantphos or phenanthroline complexes as catalysts. The ligands significantly enhanced the catalyst activity. In addition, KOTf, generated in the catalyst preparation step, exhibited some acceleration effects. A preliminary extension to a catalytic enantioselective CF3-substituted tertiary propargyl alcohol synthesis (up to 52% ee) is also described.
Aristóteles & la existencia de la felicidad: Ética nicomáquea I.2 (1094a18-22) y Metafísica II.2 (994a3-19 & 994b9-16) (2004)

El texto se ocupa de plantear el argumento del comienzo de EN I.2 sobre la existencia de la felicidad—el fin de los fines—y la acusacion de falacia que se ha imputado a Aristoteles por el mismo. El argumento de Aristoteles debe mostrar [1] que es imposible que se desee algo con miras a otra cosa y esta por otra, y asi al infinito; y [2] que existe un fin en virtud del cual todo lo demas es buscado. Despues de establecer que al argumento le falta sustentar ambas premisas para evadir la acusacion de falaz, se busca un sustento para ambas en Met. II.2, uno de los textos en que se ha senalado que es posible encontrarlo. Esta busqueda implicara hablar de la teleologia y su aplicacion a la teoria de la accion.
A Novel Route for the Preparation of CuSe and CuInSe2 Nanoparticles (1999)

CuInSe2 quantum dots are reported here for the first time. The highly crystalline nanoparticles of CuInSe2 and also of CuSe were prepared by reaction in tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO), producing TOPO-capped particles that are close to monodisperse. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the particles are spherical, with clear lattice fringes (see Figure).
An 11-amino acid sequence in the cytoplasmic domain of CD40 is sufficient for activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, activation of MAPKAP kinase-2, phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha, and protection of WEHI-231 cells from anti-IgM-induced growth arrest. (1999)

We have previously shown that CD40 causes strong activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and MAPKAP kinase-2, a downstream target of p38 MAPK. To identify signaling motifs in the CD40 cytoplasmic domain that are responsible for activation of these kinases, we have created a set of 11 chimeric receptors consisting of the extracellular and transmembrane domains of CD8 fused to portions of the murine CD40 cytoplasmic domain. These chimeric receptors were expressed in WEHI-231 B lymphoma cells. We found that amino acids 35-45 of the CD40 cytoplasmic domain constitute an independent signaling motif that is sufficient for activation of the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways, as well as for induction of I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and degradation. Amino acids 35-45 were also sufficient to protect WEHI-231 cells from anti-IgM-induced growth arrest. This is the same region of CD40 required for binding the TNF receptor-associated factor-2 (TRAF2), TRAF3, and TRAF5 adapter proteins. These data support the idea that one or more of these TRAF proteins couple CD40 to the kinase cascades that activate NF-kappa B, JNK, and p38 MAPK.
Daily Vitamin E Supplements Improve Metabolic Control But Not Insulin Secretion in Elderly Type II Diabetic Patients (1993)

Daily vitamin E supplements seem to produce a minimal but significant improvement in the metabolic control in type II diabetic patients. More studies are necessary before conclusions can be drawn about the safety of vitamin E during long-term administration.
NorB, an Efflux Pump in Staphylococcus aureus Strain MW2, Contributes to Bacterial Fitness in Abscesses (2008)

While remaining a major problem in hospitals, Staphylococcus aureus is now spreading in communities. Strain MW2 (USA400 lineage) and other community methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains most commonly cause skin infections with abscess formation. Multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps contribute to antimicrobial resistance but may also contribute to bacterial survival by removal of environmental toxins. In S. aureus, NorA, NorB, NorC, and Tet38 are chromosomally encoded efflux pumps whose overexpression can confer MDR to quinolones and other compounds (Nor pumps) or tetracyclines alone (Tet38), but the natural substrates of these pumps are not known. To determine the role of these efflux pumps in a natural environment in the absence of antibiotics, we used strain MW2 in a mouse subcutaneous abscess model and compared pump gene expression as determined by reverse transcription-PCR in the abscesses and in vitro. norB and tet38 were selectively upregulated in vivo more than 171- and 24-fold, respectively, whereas norA and norC were downregulated. These changes were associated with an increase in expression of mgrA, which encodes a transcriptional regulator known to affect pump gene expression. In competition experiments using equal inocula of a norB or tet38 mutant and parent strain MW2, each mutant exhibited growth defects of about two- to threefold in vivo. In complementation experiments, a single-copy insertion of norB (but not a single-copy insertion of tet38) in the attB site within geh restored the growth fitness of the norB mutant in vivo. Our findings indicate that some MDR pumps, like NorB, can facilitate bacterial survival when they are overexpressed in a staphylococcal abscess and may contribute to the relative resistance of abscesses to antimicrobial therapy, thus linking bacterial fitness and resistance in vivo.
Physical map of the chromosome of Aeromonas salmonicida and genomic comparisons between Aeromonas strains (1998)

I-Ceul and Pmel physical maps of the Aeromonas salmonicida A449 chromosome were constructed using PFGE. The circular chromosome of A. salmonicida A449 was estimated to be 4658 +/- 30 kb. The approximate location of several genes, including those encoding proteins implicated in virulence, were identified. The map showed that the known virulence-factor-encoding genes were not clustered. The I-Ceul genomic digestion fingerprints of several typical and atypical strains of A. salmonicida were compared. The results confirmed the homogeneity of typical strains, which provided further support for the clonality of the population structure of this group. Extensive diversity was observed in the I-Ceul digestion fingerprint of atypical strains, although a clonality was observed in the strains isolated from diseased goldfish. The results suggest that comparison of I-Ceul digestion fingerprints could be used as a powerful taxonomic tool to subdivide the atypical strains and also help clarify some of the current confusion associated with the taxonomy of the genus Aeromonas.