gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor activity and reporter gene transfer into rat brain neoplasms inoculated with herpes simplex virus vectors defective in thymidine kinase or ribonucleotide reductase. (1994)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) mutants or recombinant vectors might be useful oncolytic agents. Three general types of HSV vectors can be potentially used for this purpose: (1) mutants in viral transcription factors, such as ICP0 and ICP4; (2) mutants in enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism, such as thymidine kinase (TK) and ribonucleotide reductase (RR); and (3) mutants in neurovirulence factors, such as gamma 34.5. We tested the destructive ability of each type against rat 9L gliosarcoma cells in culture. We found that the HSV vectors defective in TK or RR were more efficient at tumor cell lysis in culture than the other types of HSV vectors. This increased efficiency provided the rationale for evaluating the TK and RR mutants in vivo following their stereotactic inoculation into 9L gliosarcomas implanted in rat brains. We employed the X-gal enzymatic histochemical assay to show that HSV-mediated lacZ gene expression was present in cells within the tumor mass in a relatively selective fashion. Immunoreactive HSV capsid and core antigens were present both in cells within the tumor, as well as in cells such as neurons and astrocytes, directly adjacent to the tumor mass. Long-term survival studies revealed that rats treated with either the TK or RR mutant lived significantly longer than control rats (p = 0.014, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance). These results indicate that HSV vectors, defective in enzymes needed in nucleic acid metabolism, can preferentially mediate lacZ gene expression in cells within the tumor. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cytochromes P450 Expression Systems (1995)

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive HO-1 isoenzyme affords protection against programmed cell death. The mechanism ...Read More
Close Range Photogrammetry Principles, Methods and Applications (2006)

The book covers the field of close-range photogrammetry which has diverse fields of application such as manufacturing engineering (e.g. shape verification and reverse engineering), and medicine and entertainment (motion capture and analysis). It provides detailed overviews of analytical methods (e.g. bundle adjustment and image processing), commercial photogrammetric systems and applications.
<title>Impact of subwavelength CD tolerance on device performance</title> (2002)

We describe a new procedure of design qualification to ensure manufacturability of deep sub-wavelength circuits. The procedure is based on optical simulation of the layout, integrated with device simulation of the layout, integrated with device simulation to meet predefined conditions set forth by the layout control lines called tolerance contours, a new concept proposed in this work, are first defined for active devices based on the geometry-dependent, target MOSFET parameters, such as I<SUB>ON</SUB> and I<SUB>OFF</SUB> and for interconnecting lines, based on the resolution of the etch process, misalignment and overlap or enclosure of metal and contact layers. Drawn geometries, OPC features, or exposure conditions are then adjusted such that the simulated silicon images would fall within the tolerance contours. The concept is demonstrated on SRAM cell shrink from 120 to 100 nm technology nodes.
Meeting Report: The Use of Newborn Blood Spots in Environmental Research: Opportunities and Challenges (2007)

DBS remain a highly valuable resource for clinical, epidemiologic, and toxicologic investigation. The use of DBS to measure environmental exposures shows promise but additional work is necessary before more widespread use is warranted.
A randomized double‐blinded placebo‐controlled study to evaluate an effective ciclosporin dose for the treatment of feline hypersensitivity dermatitis (2012)

Results suggest that 7.0 mg/kg ciclosporin once daily in food or per os for 6 weeks is effective and well tolerated in feline HD.
Advanced Fault Localization through the Use of Tester Based Diagnostics with LVI, LVP, CPA, and PEM (2013)

Abstract Fault localization on functional macros during advanced technology development requires a complex combination of tester based diagnostics and image based techniques including laser voltage imaging (LVI), laser voltage probing (LVP), critical parameter analysis (CPA) with laser stimulation and photon emission microscopy (PEM). These techniques are exemplified in the following three case studies. The first case involves a voltage sensitive SRAM block fail which was localized to a resistive via through the use of CPA, LVI and LVP. The second case demonstrates how a hard fail (a net-to-net metal short) in a scan chain was localized through use of tester based diagnostics, LVI, LVP and PEM. Finally, the last case shows how a condition sensitive failing latch chain was localized through CPA, LVI, LVP and PEM. Subsequent atomic force probing (AFP) identified source-drain leakage in one of the localized devices, and TEM analysis revealed a dislocation in the failing FET. Each of these cases demonstrates the value in utilizing tester based diagnostics along with laser based imaging and photon emission microscopy to localize failures.
A nearest neighbor method for efficient ICP (2002)

A novel solution is presented to the Nearest Neighbor Problem that is specifically tailored for determining correspondences within the Iterative Closest Point Algorithm. The reference point set P is preprocessed by calculating for each point p/spl I.oarr//sub i//spl isin/P that neighborhood of points which lie within a certain distance /spl epsiv/ of p/spl I.oarr//sub i/. The points within each /spl epsiv/-neighborhood are sorted by increasing distance to their respective p/spl I.oarr//sub i/. At runtime, the correspondences are tracked across iterations, and the previous correspondence is used as an estimate of the current correspondence. If the estimate satifies a constraint, called the Spherical Constraint, then the nearest neighbor falls within the /spl epsiv/-neighborhood of the estimate. A novel theorem, the Ordering Theorem, is presented which allows the Triangle Inequality to efficiently prune points from the sorted /spl epsiv/-neighborhood from further consideration. The method has been implemented and is demonstrated to be more efficient than both the k-d tree and Elias methods. After /spl sim/40 iterations, fewer than 2 distance calculations were required on average per correspondence, which is close to the theoretical minimum of 1. Furthermore, after 20 iterations the time expense per iteration was demonstrated to be negligibly more than simply looping through the points.
Regulation of Interleukin-8 Gene Expression (1999)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a member of the CXC chemokine family, is an important activator and chemoattractant for neutrophils and has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory diseases. IL-8 is secreted in a stimulus-specific manner by a wide variety of cell types and is regulated primarily at the level of gene transcription. Functional studies indicate that IL-8 transcriptional responses to proinflammatory mediators are rapid and require only 100 nucleotides of 5'-flanking DNA upstream of the TATA box. Within the IL-8 promoter sequence are DNA binding sites for the inducible transcription factors AP-1, NF-IL-6, and NF-kappaB. Transcription factors in these families bind the IL-8 promoter as dimers, and several distinct subunit combinations have been identified as important for IL-8 transcription. In addition, these factors can act in concert to synergistically activate the IL-8 promoter. AP-1 and NF-IL-6 physically interact with NF-kappaB, and functional cooperativity among the factors appears to be critical for optimal IL-8 promoter activity in different cell types. IL-8 transcription appears to be activated by a promoter recruitment mechanism where inducible transcription factor binding to the IL-8 promoter is required for binding of constitutively active TATA box-binding proteins and formation of a stable preinitiation complex. This review discusses the regulatory role these higher-order synergistic interactions play in IL-8 transcription and in generation of the stimulus-specific and cell type-specific patterns of IL-8 expression.
Characterization of a multiwavelength waveguide grating router laser (1994)

Measurements on a multiwavelength laser source that is based on the integration of semiconductor amplifiers with a waveguide grating multiplexer are reported. The source can emit cw simultaneously on 11 frequencies that are precisely spaced by 3.2 nm. Laser oscillation occurs on a single longitudinal mode with a 5 MHz line width. The 18 mm long cavity limits the direct modulation rate to several hundred Mbps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Systemic Therapy of Salivary Gland Hypofunction (1987)

Salivary gland hypofunction occurs most often as a consequence of numerous drug therapies, antineoplaslic treatments, or systemic disease. There are no universally accepted means of treating gland dysfunction and the resultant subjective xerostomia. A few studies have suggested that treatment of underlying inflammatory connective tissue disease will improve salivary performance in Sjögren's syndrome. Most of these reports, however, have either been limited to a small number of patients or have failed to include objective measures of salivary gland output. A larger body of literature deals with attempts using many different sialogogues to stimulate salivary function in a variety of conditions. Again, many studies have failed to document salivary improvement objectively. Recently, interest has focused on three drugs: Bromhexine, anetholetrithione, and pilocarpine hydrochloride. Studies with these agents are reviewed, and current clinical investigations with pilocarpine are presented in detail.
Leveraging semantic signatures for bug search in binary programs (2014)

Software vulnerabilities still constitute a high security risk and there is an ongoing race to patch known bugs. However, especially in closed-source software, there is no straightforward way (in contrast to source code analysis) to find buggy code parts, even if the bug was publicly disclosed.
Connective Tissue Factors in the Aetiology of Female Pelvic Disorders (1990)

"Connective Tissue Factors in the Aetiology of Female Pelvic Disorders." Annals of Medicine, 22(6), p. 403
Galectin-3 modulates rat mesangial cell proliferation and matrix synthesis during experimental glomerulonephritis induced by anti-Thy1.1 antibodies (1999)

Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding protein synthesized by macrophages and other inflammatory cells and expressed in various branching epithelia, including the developing kidney. The expression of galectin-3 has been studied in a rat model of acute mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in which a single injection of anti-Thy1.1 antibodies leads to destruction of mesangial cells expressing a Thy1.1 epitope on their surface. The glomerular lesion is characterized by expansion of the mesangial matrix, especially laminin and collagen type IV, and mesangial hypercellularity. Galectin-3 expression, which is sparse in mature rat kidney and confined to the apical face of some distal tubules, is increased within 1-3 days following antibody administration, with the recruitment of glomerular macrophages and pronounced neo-expression in the cytoplasm and at the basal face of distal tubules. At later times, galectin-3 is detected immunohistochemically in the repopulating mesangial cell mass, preceding the extensive mesangial deposition of laminin and collagen type IV. Mesangial cells in culture do not produce appreciable amounts of galectin-3 but do bind and endocytose exogenously added lectin. Addition of galectin-3 to primary cultures of mesangial cells prepared from normal rats induces a 1.5-fold increase in the synthesis of collagen type IV and it also acts in synergy with a quantitatively similar stimulatory effect of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on matrix synthesis. Exogenous galectin-3 prolongs the survival of mesangial cells in serum-free cultures and also protects these cells against cytotoxic effects of TGF-beta. The data support the notion that the increased expression and secretion of galectin-3 in infiltrating macrophages and in distal tubular epithelia, together with up-regulation of IL-1beta and TGF-beta genes, play a role in mesangial hypercellularity in the progression of one model of inflammatory renal disease.
The "hxxp" and "hxxps" URI Schemes (2017)

This document describes the hxxp and hxxps URI schemes, which are
widely used by the security community to obfuscate an http or https
URI to avoid being accidentaly interpreted and loaded by a web browser
or user-agent.
Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Plasma Glucose Levels in U.S. Population Aged 20–74 Yr (1987)

The prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes and of undiagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) that meet National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria have been estimated for the U.S. population aged 20-74 yr from the 1976-1980 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This survey included a demographic/medical history questionnaire administered in the participant's home and a detailed examination composed of a physician's exam, special clinical procedures, other tests, and collection of blood and urine specimens. Survey participants were selected from 1970 census data through a stratified multistage probability sampling scheme. Of 17,390 eligible residents aged 20-74 yr, 15,357 (88.3%) participated in the interview and are the basis for estimates of diagnosed diabetes; 11,858 (68%) participated in the exam. A half sample of 5901 examinees was selected to receive a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed in the morning after an overnight 10- to 16-h fast. Of these examinees, valid OGTT data were obtained for 3772 people without a medical history of diabetes, and these are the basis for estimates of undiagnosed diabetes and IGT. The major reasons for incomplete OGTT data were inability of participants to attend the examination center in the morning and lack of adherence to the fasting instructions. Despite the relatively low response rates, evidence is presented that data on both the interviewed sample and those receiving the OGTT, when adjusted for the 1970-1980 census characteristics by age, race, sex, income, and geographic location, are representative of the U.S. population. Extrapolation of these data to the U.S. population aged 20-74 yr indicates a total diabetes prevalence of 6.6% by NDDG criteria, or more than 8 million people with diabetes. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes (3.2%) was almost equal to that of previously diagnosed diabetes (3.4%). Total rates of diabetes increased with age, from 2.0% at age 20-44 yr to 17.7% at age 65-74 yr. Rates were approximately equal by sex but were greater in Blacks than in Whites. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes by WHO criteria (3.4%) was similar to that by NDDG criteria, but the rate of impaired glucose tolerance (11.2%) was more than twice the NDDG estimate (4.6%). Both obesity and parental history of diabetes were associated with significantly higher rates of diabetes and IGT. Fasting plasma glucose was relatively insensitive to age, but 1-h and 2-h post-75-g glucose values increased significantly with age.
Lymphocyte Phenotyping in Infants: Maturation of Lymphocyte Subpopulations and the Effects of HIV Infection (1997)

Changes in the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in infants with perinatally acquired HIV infection are confounded by the rapid changes that are the result of normal maturation of the immune system. We describe the changes in seven lymphocyte phenotypes (CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+, CD8+ HLA- DR+, CD8+ CD38+, CD8+ CD57+, CD3-/ CD16+ 56+, and CD19+) over the first 2 years of life in 390 HIV-1 exposed but uninfected and 98 HIV-1-infected infants enrolled in the Women and Infants Transmission Study. The greatest changes in uninfected infants were declines in the CD3+ CD4+ lymphocytes and increases in CD8+ HLA- DR+ and CD19+ lymphocytes. All phenotypes were affected by HIV infection but the greatest changes were declines in the CD3+ CD4+ subset and increases in the CD3+ CD8+ and CD8+ HLA- DR+ subsets. Thus, this study provides reference data for the maturational changes in lymphocyte phenotypes in HIV-exposed but uninfected infants and describes the overall changes that occur with perinatally acquired HIV infection.
Mobility-Enhanced Reliable Geographical Forwarding in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (2016)

The emergence of the Internet of Things and the proliferation of mobile wireless devices has brought the area of mobile cognitive radio sensor networks (MCRSN) to the research spot light. Notwithstanding the potentials of CRSNs in terms of opportunistic channel usage for bursty traffic, the effect of the mobility of resource-constrained nodes to route stability, mobility-induced spatio-temporal spectral opportunities and primary user (PU) protection still remain open issues that need to be jointly addressed. To this effect, this paper proposes a mobile reliable geographical forwarding routing (MROR) protocol. MROR provides a robust mobile framework for geographical forwarding that is based on a mobility-induced channel availability model. It presents a comprehensive routing strategy that considers PU activity (to take care of routes that have to be built through PU coverage), PU signal protection (by the introduction of a mobility-induced guard (mguard) distance) and the random mobility-induced spatio-temporal spectrum opportunities (for enhancement of throughput). It also addresses the issue of frequent route maintenance that arises when speeds of the mobile nodes are considered as a routing metric. As a result, simulation has shown the ability of MROR to reduce the route failure rate by about 65% as against other schemes. In addition, further results show that MROR can improve both the throughput and goodput at the sink in an energy-efficient manner that is required in CRSNs as against compared works.
The Münster Heart Study (PROCAM). Results of follow-up at 8 years. (1998)

The Münster Heart Study (PROCAM) was initiated in 1979 in order to examine cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction and stroke, and mortality in people at work. Examination at entry comprised a standardized case history, measurement of blood pressure and anthropometric data, a resting electrocardiogram, and measurement of more than 20 laboratory parameters in a fasting blood sample. The prevalence data in this report are based upon a single examination of 17,437 men aged 40.4 +/- 11.3 years (mean +/- SD) and 8065 women aged 35.7 +/- 12.1 years, which took place between 1979 and 1991. Severe hypercholesterolaemia (> 300 mg.dl-1) was seen in 5% of men and 8% of women aged 45 to 64 years. In men, the prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia (> 200 mg.dl-1) rose from 5% at age 20 to 20% at age 45 and remained constant thereafter; in women the prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia increased linearly from 2% at age 20 to 7% at age 60. The LDL/HDL ratio was higher in men than in women at all age groups; in the age group 45 to 64 years, LDL/HDL ratios > 5 were approximately twice as common in men. Lipoprotein(a) levels were distributed in a highly skewed fashion. In men, a slight rise in the geometric mean lipoprotein(a) concentration occurred with age, whereas in women a dramatic increase was seen after age 40. Using multivariate analysis by the multiple logistic function method, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and log-transformed triglycerides showed a significant (P < 0.001) age-adjusted correlation with the presence of major coronary events. A risk algorithm has been developed for men aged 40 to 65 years which takes into account the independent risk factors of HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, age, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, presence of diabetes mellitus and family history of myocardial infarction and angina pectoris. This algorithm can be used in clinical practice to calculate the 8-year risk of an individual suffering a myocardial infarction.
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIVES OF NPCL2(NSOCL)2 AND (NPCL2)2NSOCL. PART XXI. THE SYNTHESIS OF A SPIRO PHOSPHAZENE DERIVATIVE OF NPCL2(NSOPH)2 (1983)

Abstract Die Darstellung der cis‐ oder trans‐ Spirophosphazen‐Verbindung (III) erfolgt ausgehend vom cis‐ bzw. trans‐Isomeren des cyclischen Dichlorids über das Diamid (IIa) und das Trichlorphosphazen‐Derivat (IIb) durch anschließende Ringschlußreaktion mit Bis‐[trimethylsilyl]‐methylamin.
α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone induces hapten-specific tolerance in mice (1996)

alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a proopiomelanocortin-derived peptide with known immunoregulatory effects, acting mainly via modulation of cytokine secretion by lymphocytes and monocytes. When applied epicutaneously, alpha-MSH inhibits both induction as well as elicitation of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) responses in mice. We questioned whether systemically administered alpha-MSH leads to the induction of hapten-specific tolerance. For this purpose, mice were injected i.v. with 75 microgram/kg synthetic bioactive alpha-MSH 2 h before sensitization (day 0) or challenge (day 6) with the hapten, trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB). Intravenous administration of alpha-MSH 2 h before sensitization or 2 h before challenge resulted in a markedly reduced CHS response. To distinguish between unresponsiveness and tolerance, these mice were sensitized and challenged a second time, but in the absence of alpha-MSH. Mice that had been injected with alpha-MSH before the first sensitization (day 0), but not before challenge (day 6), were also unable to develop a significant CHS response after an additional sensitization and challenge with the same Ag 10 to 14 days later. In contrast, sensitization to the unrelated hapten, dinitrofluorobenzene, was unaffected in these mice, indicating the induction of hapten-specific tolerance by alpha-MSH. Moreover, regional lymph node cells obtained from alpha-MSH-treated mice 5 days after resensitization failed to produce IL-2 in response to trinitrobenzosulfonic acid, the water-soluble analogue of TNCB, whereas lymph node cells from TNCB-sensitized, not alpha-MSH-treated, mice as well as from mice treated with alpha-MSH before challenge readily exhibited trinitrobenzosulfonic acid-specific IL-2 production in this assay. Finally, in vivo tolerance induction by alpha-MSH could be abrogated by the administration of anti-IL-10 Ab at the site of sensitization. These data indicate that alpha-MSH, in addition to its suppressive effect on induction and elicitation of CHS, is able to induce hapten-specific tolerance in mice. Thus, alpha-MSH may be a significant regulatory mediator of cutaneous immune responses in vivo.