gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlling Information Premia by Repackaging Asset-Backed Securities (1997)

Alexander David, Controlling Information Premia by Repackaging Asset-Backed Securities, The Journal of Risk and Insurance, Vol. 64, No. 4, Symposium on Financial Risk Management in Insurance Firms (Dec., 1997), pp. 619-648
Deep convolutional priors for indoor scene synthesis (2018)

We present a convolutional neural network based approach for indoor scene synthesis. By representing 3D scenes with a semantically-enriched image-based representation based on orthographic top-down views, we learn convolutional object placement priors from the entire context of a room. Our approach iteratively generates rooms from scratch, given only the room architecture as input. Through a series of perceptual studies we compare the plausibility of scenes generated using our method against baselines for object selection and object arrangement, as well as scenes modeled by people. We find that our method generates scenes that are preferred over the baselines, and in some cases are equally preferred to human-created scenes.
Inside Windows 3.1 (1992)

This tutorial/reference to Windows, versions 3.0 and 3.1, teaches users the features that are integral to Windows and Windows applications, including how to organize/manage multiple tasks/programs, and the sharing and transferring of data and graphics between Windows applications.
Recent advancement of molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis (2015)

Liver fibrosis occurs in response to any etiology of chronic liver injury including hepatitis B and C, alcohol consumption, fatty liver disease, cholestasis, and autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary source of activated myofibroblasts that produce extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver. Various inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways contribute to the activation of HSCs. Recent studies also discovered that liver fibrosis is reversible and activated HSCs can revert to quiescent HSCs when causative agents are removed. Although the basic research for liver fibrosis has progressed remarkably, sensitive and specific biomarkers as non-invasive diagnostic tools, and effective anti-fibrotic agents have not been developed yet. This review highlights the recent advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis, especially focusing on origin of myofibroblasts, inflammatory signaling, autophagy, cellular senescence, HSC inactivation, angiogenesis, and reversibility of liver fibrosis.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas (1992)

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas from 15 consecutive preoperatively irradiated patients were investigated for the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF receptor). The study was performed on frozen sections by means of the 5-layer APAAP technique employing an antibody recognizing the extracellular part of the EGF receptor. In sections from 9 of the patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, normal differentiated epithelia were included. Sections from 6 of these patients, in addition, contained dysplastic epithelia. Expression of EGF receptor-like material was demonstrated in the basal cell layer of normally differentiated laryngeal epithelial and in dysplastic epithelia. Fourteen of the squamous cell carcinomas proved EGF receptor positive. Nearly all cells in the poorly differentiated carcinomas showed positive staining with the antibodies. In moderately to well differentiated carcinomas a reduction in the extent of staining was seen in certain areas. Especially for the epithelial pearls, the staining reaction was localized to the undifferentiated cells in the periphery. This finding corresponds to the staining pattern observed in the basal cell layers of normal epithelial. The present investigation confirms the expression of EGF receptor-like material in normal laryngeal epithelial, dysplastic epithelial and squamous cell carcinoma. The staining pattern was similar to that observed in oral squamous cell carcinomas, predominantly varying inversely with cellular differentiation.
Internal nucleophilic termination in biomimetic acid mediated polyene cyclizations: stereochemical and mechanistic implications. Synthesis of (.+-.)-Ambrox and its diastereoisomers (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInternal nucleophilic termination in biomimetic acid mediated polyene cyclizations: stereochemical and mechanistic implications. Synthesis of (.+-.)-Ambrox and its diastereoisomersRoger L. Snowden, Jean Claude Eichenberger, Simon M. Linder, Philippe Sonnay, Christian Vial, and Karl H. Schulte-ElteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3, 955–960Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00029a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00029a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views792Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Association of Interleukin‐15–Induced Peripheral Immune Activation with Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation in Persons Coinfected with Hepatitis C Virus and HIV (2009)

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) mediate hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver fibrosis, and increased HSC activation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfection may be associated with accelerated fibrosis. We examined the level of HSC activation in HIV/HCV-coinfected and HCV-monoinfected subjects and its relationship to the level of activation and gene expression of peripheral immune cells in coinfected subjects. HSC activation levels positively correlated with peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune activation and were associated with enhanced interleukin-15 (IL-15) gene expression, suggesting a pathogenic role for IL-15-driven immunomediated hepatic fibrosis. Future strategies that reduce immune activation and HSC activation may delay progression of liver fibrosis.
AntiCD20 mAbs: modifying therapeutic strategies and outcomes in the treatment of lymphoma patients (2002)

The first monoclonal antibody for the treatment of cancer, rituximab, was approved 5 years ago and has had a remarkable impact on the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Additionally, it sparked a renewed interest in antibodies in general that has revitalized this field of research. Multiple antibodies for a variety of malignant and nonmalignant indications are being evaluated. Some are now approved for anticancer indications (rituximab, ibritumomab, trastuzumab, gemtuzumab, alemtuzumab) and others are completing the review process at US (FDA) and European (EMEA) regulatory agencies. The impact of antiCD20 antibodies, particularly rituximab and ibritumomab, is evident in the way treatment strategies and outcomes have changed for the lymphoma patient. Other unconjugated antibodies (including Hu1D10, epratuzumab and alemtuzumab) and conjugated antibodies (including radiolabeled tositumomab) are under evaluation.
Antifibrotic effects of a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 antibody on established liver fibrosis in rats (2004)

Liver fibrosis is characterized by increased synthesis, and decreased degradation, of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the injured tissue. Decreased ECM degradation results, in part, from increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), which blocks matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. TIMP-1 is also involved in promoting survival of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), a major source of ECM. This study examined the effects of blocking TIMP-1 activity in a clinically relevant model of established liver fibrosis. Rats were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), or olive oil control, for 6 weeks; 24 days into the treatment, the rats were administered a neutralizing anti-TIMP-1 antibody derived from a fully human combinatorial antibody library (HuCAL), PBS, or an isotype control antibody. Livers from CCl(4)-treated rats exhibited substantial damage, including bridging fibrosis, inflammation, and extensive expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin (alpha-SMA). Compared to controls, rats administered anti-TIMP-1 showed a reduction in collagen accumulation by histological examination and hydroxyproline content. Administration of anti-TIMP-1 resulted in a marked decrease in alpha-SMA staining. Zymography analysis showed antibody treatment decreased the activity of MMP-2. In conclusion, administration of a TIMP-1 antibody attenuated CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis and decreased HSC activation and MMP-2 activity.
FUNCTIONAL STUDIES WITH UTERINE RNA (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
The complex multimeric composition of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (1981)

Abstract We have analyzed the multimeric structure of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in plasma by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis using gels of varying porosity and a discontinuous buffer system. Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor bands were identified by reaction with 125I-labeled affinity-purified antibody and subsequent autoradiography. In 1% agarose gels, normal plasma displayed a series of sharply defined oligomers. However, increasing the agarose concentration to 2.0% or utilizing mixtures of 0.8% agarose--1.75% acrylamide revealed two bands of lesser intensity interposed between the major bands. When the acrylamide concentration in the gels was increased to 2.5%, bands with a faster mobility than IgM and fibronectin were now evident. Type IIA von Willebrand's disease showed not only an absence of the larger multimers but also a relative increase in several of the newly identified bands as compared to type IIB, type I, and normal. These studies suggest that factor VII/von Willebrand factor in IIA von Willebrand's disease is structurally different from that in other forms of the disorder. They also indicate that the multimeric composition of factor VII/von Willebrand factor is more complex than can be explained by simple linear polymerization of a single protomer.
Partial purification and characterization of a neutral protease which cleaves type IV collagen (1981)

A neutral protease has been extracted from the media of cultured metastatic tumor cells and purified approximately 1000 times after sequential ammonium sulfate fractionization, concanavalin A column chromatography, and molecular sieve chromatography. The protease has an apparent molecular weight of 70 000--80 000, is inactive at acid pH, requires trypsin activation, and is inhibited by ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid but not by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, N-ethylmaleimide, or soybean trypsin inhibitor. The enzyme produces specific cleavage products for both chains of pro type IV collagen isolated without pepsinization and apparently cleaves at one point in a major pepsin-extracted chain of placenta type IV collagen. The partially purified enzyme fails to significantly degrade other collagens or fibronectin under digestion conditions in which specific reaction products are produced for type IV collagen. The existence of this enzyme is significant since previously described animal collagenases fail to degrade type IV collagen. Such a type IV specific collagenase could play a role in tumor invasion and may be secreted by other cells such as endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and immune cells.
Detection of ECG characteristic points using wavelet transforms (1995)

An algorithm based on wavelet transforms (WT's) has been developed for detecting ECG characteristic points. With the multiscale feature of WT's, the QRS complex can be distinguished from high P or T waves, noise, baseline drift, and artifacts. The relation between the characteristic points of ECG signal and those of modulus maximum pairs of its WT's is illustrated. By using this method, the detection rate of QRS complexes is above 99.8% for the MIT/BIH database and the P and T waves can also be detected, even with serious baseline drift and noise.
Isolation of an AP-1 Repressor by a Novel Method for Detecting Protein-Protein Interactions (1997)

Transcription factor AP-1 transduces environmental signals to the transcriptional machinery. To ensure a quick response yet maintain tight control over AP-1 target genes, AP-1 activity is likely to be negatively regulated in nonstimulated cells. To identify proteins that interact with the Jun subunits of AP-1 and repress its activity, we developed a novel screen for detecting protein-protein interactions that is not based on a transcriptional readout. In this system, the mammalian guanyl nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Sos is recruited to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane harboring a temperature-sensitive Ras GEF, Cdc25-2, allowing growth at the nonpermissive temperature. Using the Sos recruitment system, we identified new c-Jun-interacting proteins. One of these, JDP2, heterodimerizes with c-Jun in nonstimulated cells and represses AP-1-mediated activation.
Results of an RTOG phase III trial (RTOG 85-27) comparing radiotherapy plus etanidazole with radiotherapy alone for locally advanced head and neck carcinomas (1995)

The results showed that adding Etanidazole to conventional RT produced no global benefit for patients who had advanced head and neck carcinomas. There was a suggested benefit for patients who had N0-1 disease, and that needs to be confirmed by another study.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and 3-hydroxykynurenine modifications are found in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (2010)

Tryptophan metabolism, through the kynurenine pathway, produces neurotoxic intermediates that are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In particular, oxidative stress via 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and its cleaved product 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) significantly damages neuronal tissue and may potentially contribute to a cycle of neurodegeneration through consequent amyloid-beta accumulation, glial activation, and up-regulation of the kynurenine pathway. To determine the role of the kynurenine pathway in eliciting and continuing oxidative stress within Alzheimer's diseased brains, we used immunocytochemical methods to show elevated levels of 3-HK modifications and the upstream, rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) in Alzheimer's diseased brains when compared to controls. Importantly, the association of IDO-1 with senile plaques was confirmed and, for the first time, IDO-1 was shown to be specifically localized in conjunction with neurofibrillary tangles. As senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, our study provides further evidence that the kynurenine pathway is involved with the destructive neurodegenerative pathway of Alzheimer's disease.
Chimeric mouse human IgG3 antibodies with an IgG4‐like hinge region induce complement‐mediated lysis more efficiently than IgG3 with normal hing (1991)

We have altered the amino acid sequence of the hinge and the first constant domain (CH1) of mouse/human chimeric IgG3 antibodies by site-directed mutagenesis, so as to make the sequences identical to those of IgG4. All the mutant antibodies with altered hinge region were more active in complement activation and complement-mediated lysis than native IgG3. The mutations in CH1, however, did not alter the activity. This demonstrates the importance of the hinge region in modulating this effector function. The results show that the primary structure of neither CH1 nor the hinge of IgG4 is responsible for the lack of complement activation shown by this subclass.
ISG15 disrupts cytoskeletal architecture and promotes motility in human breast cancer cells (2011)

The interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) pathway is highly elevated in breast cancer; however, very little is known about how the ISG15 pathway contributes to breast tumorigenesis. In the current study, using the gene disruption approach, we demonstrate that both ISG15 and UbcH8 (ISG15-specific conjugating enzyme) disrupt F-actin architecture and formation of focal adhesions in ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells. In addition, ISG15 and UbcH8 promote breast cancer cell migration. We also demonstrate that ISG15 inhibits ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated turnover of proteins implicated in tumor cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Together, our results suggest that the aberrant activation of the ISG15 pathway confers a motile phenotype to breast cancer cells by disrupting cell architecture and stabilizing proteins involved in cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Because the cellular architecture is conserved and the ISG15 pathway is constitutively activated in tumor cells of different lineages, it is reasonable to assume that our observations in breast cancer must hold true for many other tumors.
Targeting the dendritic cell: the key to immunotherapy in cancer? (2005)

Immunotherapy denotes a strategy for manipulating a patient's immune response [1]. In cancer or infectious disease the approach is designed to boost the patient's response to tumour antigens or pathogens. Conversely, immunotherapeutic strategies in autoimmunity or allergy are designed to silence the patient's response to autoantigens or allergens. Two principal approaches to immunotherapy, modulation of the immune system de novo by therapeutic vaccination or administration of exogenous reagents, such as cytokines and antibodies, in order to boost endogenous immune function, have been described [2].
Minimum Description Length Denoising With Histogram Models (2006)

In this paper, we relax the usual assumptions in denoising that the data consist of a "true" signal to which normally distributed noise is added. Instead of regarding noise as the high-frequency part in the data to be removed either by a "hard" or "soft" threshold, we define it as that part in the data which is harder to compress than the rest with the class of models considered. Here, we model the data by two histograms: one for the denoised signal and the other for the noise, both represented by wavelet coefficients. A code length can be calculated for each part, and by the principle of minimum description length the optimal decomposition results by minimization of the sum of the two code lengths
Biological Roles of the Delta Family Notch Ligand Dll4 in Tumor and Endothelial Cells in Ovarian Cancer (2011)

Emerging evidence suggests that the Notch/Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) pathway may offer important new targets for antiangiogenesis approaches. In this study, we investigated the clinical and biological significance of Dll4 in ovarian cancer. Dll4 was overexpressed in 72% of tumors examined in which it was an independent predictor of poor survival. Patients with tumors responding to anti-VEGF therapy had lower levels of Dll4 than patients with stable or progressive disease. Under hypoxic conditions, VEGF increased Dll4 expression in the tumor vasculature. Immobilized Dll4 also downregulated VEGFR2 expression in endothelial cells directly through methylation of the VEGFR2 promoter. RNAi-mediated silencing of Dll4 in ovarian tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells inhibited cell growth and angiogenesis, accompanied by induction of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment. Combining Dll4-targeted siRNA with bevacizumab resulted in greater inhibition of tumor growth, compared with control or treatment with bevacizumab alone. Together, our findings establish that Dll4 plays a functionally important role in both the tumor and endothelial compartments of ovarian cancer and that targeting Dll4 in combination with anti-VEGF treatment might improve outcomes of ovarian cancer treatment.
Core−Shell and Segmented Polymer−Metal Composite Nanostructures (2006)

Composite nanostructures (approximately 200 nm wide and several micrometers long) of metal and polyaniline (PANI) in two new variations of core-shell (PANI-Au) and segmented (Au-PANI and Ni-Au-PANI) architectures were fabricated electrochemically within anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. Control over the structure of these composites (including the length of the gold shells in the core-shell structures) was accomplished by adjusting the time and rate of electrodeposition and the pH of the solution from which the materials were grown. Exposure of the core-shell structures to oxygen plasma removed the PANI and yielded aligned gold nanotubes. In the segmented structures, a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of thioaniline nucleated the growth of PANI on top of metal nanorods and acted as an adhesion layer between the metal and PANI components.
SNP genotyping using microsphere‐linked PNA and flow cytometric detection (2005)

This new assay presents a simple, rapid, and robust method for SNP genotyping for laboratories equipped with a standard flow cytometer. Moreover, this system offers potential for multiplexing and will be operational for middle-scale genotyping.
A Murine Model of Candida glabrata Vaginitis (1996)

Vaginal Candida glabrata infections have increased significantly in recent years and are particularly common in women with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Efforts to understand the pathogenesis and treatment of this infection have been hindered by the lack of experimental animal models. Before onset of hyperglycemia, nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice inoculated intravaginally with clinical C. glabrata isolates were shown to support high vaginal titers of C. glabrata for > 14 days with evidence for superficial invasion of vaginal epithelial tissue. In contrast, congenic diabetic-resistant mice and mice susceptible to Candida albicans infections were significantly less susceptible to vaginal infection by C. glabrata, suggesting a potential link between the susceptibility of NOD mice to diabetes and their susceptibility to vaginal C. glabrata infections. This animal model of C. glabrata vaginitis provides a means to study the genetics and pathogenesis of C. glabrata infections and to evaluate the efficacy of antimycotic agents against C. glabrata.
Stability of anthracycline cytotoxic agents in solution and infusion fluids (1988)

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