gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of long-term stability of ionic liquids at elevated temperatures by means of non-isothermal thermogravimetrical analysis (2009)

The thermal stability of an ionic liquid (IL) is an important parameter and limits the maximum operation temperature. However, the definition of stability and of the maximum operation temperature, respectively, is still an open question. Typically, non-isothermal thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA) is used to determine the stability, which is then mostly defined by the onset temperature, i.e. by the temperature where a certain mass loss of e.g. 1% is reached. Unfortunately, the rate of mass loss depends on the apparatus and conditions (e.g. heating rate), and may be governed by evaporation or by thermal decomposition or by a combination of both. In this work, isothermal as well as non-isothermal TG/DTG measurements at different heating rates were used as basis to model the combined kinetics of evaporation and decomposition, thereby taking 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [BMIM][BTA] as an example. The measured and predicted mass losses are in good agreement, and the simulation of TG/DTG experiments by the methods outlined in this work leads to a reliable estimation of the evaporation (as shown by comparison with literature data) as well as of the decomposition rate. For a closed system, where the mass loss by evaporation is negligible, a novel criterion (1% mass loss by thermal decomposition within one year) is presented to estimate the maximum operation temperature of ILs.
Preservation of in vitro function of platelets stored in the presence of inhibitors of platelet activation and a specific inhibitor of thrombin. (1988)

We prepared platelet concentrates (PCs) in an experimental anticoagulant consisting of citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine formula 1 (CPDA-1) containing inhibitors of platelet activation (prostaglandin E1 and theophylline) and a specific thrombin inhibitor (hirudin or D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine-chloromethyl ketone-2HCl). Over a 15-day storage period, these PCs showed by in vitro markers (pH, lactic dehydrogenase, PO2, PCO2, glucose consumption, morphology, and hypotonic shock recovery) greatly improved function and integrity relative to PCs in CPDA-1 only. At day 10 of storage, the experimental PCs had higher pH (P = 0.02), better morphology scores (P less than 0.001), more rapid recovery from hypotonic shock (P = 0.03), and higher PCO2 levels (P less than 0.001) than controls in CPDA-1 only. Additional storage time increased these differences to a significance level of p less than 0.01 in all tests. The experimental anticoagulant was less effective when hirudin was absent. Plasma pH was well maintained, and less glucose was consumed in the experimental anticoagulant without the aid of an increase of buffering capacity or gas transport. These findings indicate that thrombin and platelet activation play a major role in the development of the platelet storage lesion.
A method for evaluating the effects of ligands upon Gs protein-coupled receptors using a recombinant melanophore-based bioassay (1992)

As an increasing number of medically important receptors that couple to stimulatory guanine nucleotide (Gs) proteins are isolated and cloned, there is an equally escalating need for methods to rapidly and reproducibly evaluate potential ligands for their properties as agonists or antagonists. Recently, a bioassay that can quickly and accurately determine the effects of numerous chemicals on a beta 1-like adrenergic receptor (AR) endogenous to melanophores derived from Xenopus laevis was developed. Here, the general utility of the melanophore-based pigment dispersion assay is demonstrated by employing it to evaluate the effects of drugs on a human beta 2 AR. Melanophores were both transiently and stably transfected with a plasmid encoding a beta 2 AR. Stimulation of recombinant cells expressing the beta 2 AR, but not wild-type cells, with beta 2-selective agonists induced pigment dispersion and concomitant elevations in intracellular cAMP. Using a microtiter plate reader, it was straightforward to construct reproducible dose-response curves and rapidly determine rank-order potency and EC50 and IC50 values for agonists and antagonists, respectively. The demonstration of functional expression of a human beta 2 AR in the melanophore-based bioassay suggests that the system may be used for the rapid pharmacological characterization of ligands upon any specific Gs-linked receptor for which a cDNA clone is available.
Quantitative determination of the binding of β2-glycoprotein I and prothrombin to phosphatidylserine-exposing blood platelets (2005)

The plasma protein beta2GPI (beta2-glycoprotein I) has been proposed to mediate phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and to play a role in the antiphospholipid syndrome. This suggestion is based mainly on the presumption that beta2GPI has an appreciable interaction with PS (phosphatidylserine)-exposing cell membranes. However, quantitative data on the binding of beta2GPI to PS-exposing cells under physiologically relevant conditions are scarce and conflicting. Therefore we evaluated the binding of beta2GPI to PS-expressing blood platelets. Flow cytometry showed that binding of beta2GPI is negligible at physiological ionic strength, in contrast with significant binding occurring at low ionic strength. Binding parameters of beta2GPI and (for comparison) prothrombin were quantified by ellipsometric measurement of protein depletion from the supernatant following incubation with platelets. At low ionic strength (20 mM NaCl, no CaCl2), a dissociation constant (K(d)) of 0.2 microM was found for beta2GPI, with 7.4x10(5) binding sites per platelet. Under physiologically relevant conditions (120 mM NaCl and 3 mM CaCl2), binding of beta2GPI was not detectable (extrapolated K(d)>80 microM). Prothrombin binding (at 3 mM CaCl2) was much less affected by ionic strength: K(d) values of 0.5 and 1.4 muM were observed at 20 and 120 mM NaCl respectively. The low affinity and the presence of many lipid-binding proteins in plasma that can compete with the binding of beta2GPI suggest that only a small fraction (<5%) of the binding sites on PS-exposing blood cells are likely to be occupied by beta2GPI. These findings are discussed in relation to the alleged (patho-)physiological functions of beta2GPI.
Aberrant Expression of Myeloperoxidase in Astrocytes Promotes Phospholipid Oxidation and Memory Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease (2008)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is expressed in Alzheimer disease (AD) but not normal aged brain. A functional -463G/A MPO promoter polymorphism has been associated with AD risk through as yet unidentified mechanisms. Here we report that human MPO-463G allele, but not MPO-463A or mouse MPO, is strongly expressed in astrocytes and deposited in plaques in huMPO transgenic mice crossed to the APP23 model. MPO is similarly expressed in astrocytes in human AD tissue. In cortical homogenates of the MPOG-APP23 model, MPO expression correlated with increased levels of a lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxynonenal. Fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy identified selective accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides in two classes of anionic phospholipids, phosphatidylserine (PS-OOH) and phosphatidylinositol (PI-OOH). The same molecular species of PS-OOH and PI-OOH were elevated in human AD brains as compared with non-demented controls. Augmented lipid peroxidation in MPOG-APP23 mice correlated with greater memory deficits. We suggest that aberrant huMPO expression in astrocytes leads to a specific pattern of phospholipid peroxidation and neuronal dysfunction contributing to AD.
Preparation and antitubercular activity of lipophilic diamines and amino alcohols (2009)

A series of diamines and amino alcohols derived from 1-dodecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 1,2-dodecanediol and 1,2-tetradecanediol were synthesized and tested for their antitubercular activity. Compounds 3, 8 and 9 were found to be the most active (MIC of 6.25 microg/mL). Nine other compounds displayed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with a MIC of 12.5 microg/mL.
Regulated Expression and Inhibitory Function of FcγRIIb in Human Monocytic Cells (2002)

Human monocytes/macrophages express three classes of receptors for IgG: FcgammaRI, FcgammaRII, and FcgammaRIII. The expression and function of these receptors has been extensively studied with the exception of one, FcgammaRIIb. While the mRNA for FcgammaRIIb has been detected in human monocytes, the protein has remained elusive. Studies in mouse models indicated that the macrophage FcgammaRIIb serves to down-regulate FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis and immune complex-induced inflammation. FcgammaRIIb has also been shown to modulate the action of cytotoxic antibodies against tumors in mouse models. Hence, an understanding of how FcgammaRIIb expression is regulated is of great importance. Here we demonstrate for the first time FcgammaRIIb protein expression and function in human monocytes. We also report that the expression of FcgammaRIIb is highly up-regulated by interleukin-4, a Th2 cytokine, and that the up-regulation of FcgammaRIIb results in a decrease in the phagocytic efficiency of interleukin-4-treated THP-1 cells. Furthermore co-clustering FcgammaRIIb with FcgammaRIIa resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of the inositol phosphatase SHIP, association of SHIP with Shc, and phosphorylation of additional proteins around 120 and 60-65 kDa, with a concomitant attenuation of Akt activation. We, therefore, propose that FcgammaRIIb serves to inhibit FcgammaRI/IIa-mediated macrophage activation using SHIP as its effector.
Truffles - A Secure Service For Widespread File Sharing (1993)

Truffles is a system meant to address some of the major issues that still make it difficult to share files between users at different sites. In particular, it addresses the problems associated with secure file sharing, and the problems of high administrative overhead. Truffles will combine facilities of the Ficus file system and TIS/PEM, a privacy enhanced mail system, to make file sharing considerably easier. Truffles must deal with several important security problems, including secure transport of data, authentication of the users sharing files, handling of different administrative domains, and permitting system administrators to control, flexibly, yet easily, what sorts of sharing are done. This paper describes these problems and the solutions Truffles will use. INTRODUCTION Users who share a single machine, or who share a single administrative domain over a local area network, are able to share files with each other very easily. Users can share source code for programs they are d...
A dynamically adaptive constrained unequal error protection scheme for video transmission over wireless channels (2004)

In this paper, a novel adaptive unequal error protection (UEP) scheme is proposed which dynamically modifies the UEP level in a packet based on constraints imposed by variations in wireless channel conditions. The technique involves (1) implementing a forcing function that weighs the objective perceptual quality of the image to give the optimum protection level in a packet, and (2) utilizes a feedback mechanism to adapt to the time-varying wireless channel loss characteristics. An optimum UEP level in the transmitted packets is dynamically sought using constrained optimization in order to maintain maximum perceptual quality at the end user. Simulation results show that the proposed technique outperforms the existing constant UEP approaches, especially for packet loss probabilities greater than 0.5.
Cytosine but not adenine base editor generates mutations in mice (2019)

ABSTRACT Deaminase base editing has emerged as a tool to install or correct point mutations in the genomes of living cells in a wide range of organisms and its ultimate success therapeutically depends on its accuracy. Here we have investigated the fidelity of cytosine base editor 4 (BE4) and adenine base editor (ABE) in mouse embryos using unbiased whole genome sequencing of a family-based trio cohort. We demonstrate that BE4-edited mice carry an excess of single-nucleotide variants and deletions compared to ABE-edited mice and controls.
Linear regression model for predicting patient-specific total skeletal spongiosa volume for use in molecular radiotherapy dosimetry. (2006)

Although the utility of spongiosa volume in estimating patient-specific active marrow mass has been shown, estimation of the TSSV in active marrow-containing skeletal sites via patient-specific image segmentation is not a simple endeavor. However, the alternate approach demonstrated in this study is fairly simple to implement in a clinical setting, as the 2 input measurements (os coxae height and width) can be made with either pelvic CT scanning or skeletal radiography.
Electric impedance spectroscopy using microchannels with integrated metal electrodes (1999)

Microelectric impedance measurement systems containing microchannels with integrated gold electrodes were fabricated to enable EI measurements of femtoliter (10/sup -15/) volumes of liquid or gas. The microinstruments were characterized using samples of air, partially deionized water, and saline solutions with various ionic concentrations over the frequency range of 100 Hz to 2 MHz. Resulting spectral patterns varied systemically as a function of ionic concentration. In addition to industrial sensing applications, this technology may prove to be beneficial in monitoring microsystems utilizing on-chip fluid chemistry, measuring the dielectric dispersion of polymer solutions, and determining the electrical properties of isolated biological materials.
Results of an Internet Survey on the Treatment of Partial Thickness Burns, Full Thickness Burns, and Donor Sites (2007)

The objective of this study was to analyze which materials and methods are used for the management of partial and full thickness burns, as well as donor sites. An Internet survey was used to poll directors of burn centers around the world on their preferences for local treatment of different types of burns and donor sites. Results were tabulated and expressed as a percentage of the total number of answers for a given indication. Although many new wound care materials have been launched in the last decade, few of these actually are used widely. The most commonly used materials for partial thickness burns and donor sites are still silver sulphadiazine 1% cream, other antimicrobial ointments and creams and impregnated gauze type dressings. Of the newly available treatment modalities, only two silver dressings were chosen frequently as a primary option for the management of partial thickness burns and donor sites. For full thickness burns, the primary choice is excision and grafting. The diversity of dressings and techniques indicated as preferred in this survey, including many that are known to have side effects, indicates that there is no consensus on topical treatment of partial thickness burns and donor sites. Many respondents prefer "tried and true" materials over newer dressings, particularly if the latter have not been tested in a clinical trial.
Synthesis of conjugated polymer by the Stille Coupling Reaction (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of conjugated polymer by the Stille Coupling ReactionZhenan Bao, Waikin Chan, and Luping YuCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 1, 2–3Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00025a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00025a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2377Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of Novel and Selective Inhibitors of Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties for Use as Antimetastatic Agents (2004)

The serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) interacts with a specific receptor (uPAR) on the surface of various cell types, including tumor cells, and plays a crucial role in pericellular proteolysis. High levels of uPA and uPAR often correlate with poor prognosis of cancer patients. Therefore, the specific inhibition of uPA with small molecule active-site inhibitors is one strategy to decrease the invasive and metastatic activity of tumor cells. We have developed a series of highly potent and selective uPA inhibitors with a C-terminal 4-amidinobenzylamide residue. Optimization was directed toward reducing the fast elimination from circulation that was observed with initial analogues. The x-ray structures of three inhibitor/uPA complexes have been solved and were used to improve the inhibition efficacy. One of the most potent and selective derivatives, benzylsulfonyl-D-Ser-Ser-4-amidinobenzylamide (inhibitor 26), inhibits uPA with a Ki of 20 nm. This inhibitor was used in a fibrosarcoma model in nude mice using lacZ-tagged human HT1080 cells, to prevent experimental lung metastasis formation. Compared with control (100%), an inhibitor dose of 2 x 1.5 mg/kg/day reduced the number of experimental metastases to 4.6 +/- 1%. Under these conditions inhibitor 26 also significantly prolonged survival. All mice from the control group died within 43 days after tumor cell inoculation, whereas 50% of mice from the inhibitor-treated group survived more than 117 days. This study demonstrates that the specific inhibition of uPA by these inhibitors may be a useful strategy for the treatment of cancer to prevent metastasis.
Mechanism of quinolone inhibition of DNA gyrase (1989)

As a means of gaining additional information on the topoisomerase-mediated cytotoxicity induced by a variety of antibacterial and antitumor compounds we have examined the interaction of the quinolone anti-bacterial agent, norfloxacin, with the bacterial topoisomerase, DNA gyrase. Membrane filtration and spin-column techniques were used to study the binding of [3H]norfloxacin to purified plasmid DNA, DNA gyrase, and complexes formed by adding gyrase to different forms of plasmid DNA. Consistent with previous results (Shen, L. L., and Pernet, A. G. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 301-311) little [3H]norfloxacin binds to reconstituted gyrase, but significant levels of drug bind nonspecifically to relaxed DNA. However, when DNA and gyrase are incubated together additional norfloxacin binding sites are detectable. These complex-dependent sites are distinguishable from those sites involved in nonspecific DNA binding in that the complex-dependent sites are saturable and they retain bound norfloxacin after centrifuging the complex through a spin column. In addition, extent of binding is influenced by the topological state of DNA used to form the complex. The complex-dependent norfloxacin binding sites are likely involved in the inhibition of the enzyme since saturation of these sites occurs in the same norfloxacin concentration range as the inhibition of DNA supercoiling activity. Moreover, there is a close correlation of norfloxacin-induced DNA breakage with levels of norfloxacin bound to complexes of gyrase and relaxed DNA. These findings provide the first direct correlation of quinolone binding with inhibition of enzyme activity and induction of DNA breakage, and they suggest that the inhibition of DNA gyrase by norfloxacin occurs as a result of binding to a site which appears after the formation of a gyrase-DNA complex.
Effects of Low Temperature Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of V-4Cr-4Ti (1999)

Neutron irradiation at low temperatures (100 to 275°C) to 0.5 displacements per atom causes significant embrittlement and changes in the subsequent room temperature tensile properties of V-4Cr-4Ti. The yield strength and microhardness at room temperature increase with increasing irradiation temperature. The tensile properties at room temperature show large increases in strength and a complete loss of work hardening capacity with no uniform elongation. Embrittlement, as measured by an increase in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, increases with increasing irradiation temperature, at least up to 275°C. It is shown that this embrittlement is not due to pickup of O or other interstitial solutes during the irradiation.
Behavioral phenotyping of rodents. (2003)

Established methods for analyzing behavioral traits in mutant lines of mice allow researchers to understand the outcomes of genetic manipulations in the nervous system. A rigorous six-tiered behavioral phenotyping strategy is described. Recommendations are offered for the design of mouse behavioral testing suites in animal housing facilities.
A High Efficiency WCDMA RF Power Amplifier With Adaptive, Dual-Mode Buck-Boost Supply and Bias-Current Control (2007)

Radio-frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) are often the most power-consuming blocks in portable wireless systems, and maintaining high PA efficiency at heavy and light loads is therefore critical for extended battery life. This letter presents how a 0.5-mum CMOS dynamically adaptive, dual-mode buck-boost power supply and bias-current control circuit improves PA efficiency. The proposed system is validated with a 1.96-GHz, 25-dBm SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) wideband code division multiple access RF PA, where its supply voltage and bias current are dynamically adjusted from 0.4 to 4.5 V and 25 to 220mA, respectively, over an output power range of -50 to 25dBm. The prototype system is functional for a 1.8-4.2V input supply range, meeting adjacent- and alternate-channel leakage ratio specifications with less than 10% of error vector magnitude across the entire power range. The average efficiency of the dynamically adaptive system (13.67%) was 7times better than the corresponding fixed-supplied, fixed-biased scheme (1.95%), with the same HBT PA