gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigens and allergens in Dermatophagoïdes farinae mite. II. Purification of AG f1, a major allergen in Dermatophagoïdes farinae. (1982)

Ammonium sulphate precipitation and DEAE chromatography is an efficient way of purifying Ag 11, the main allergen in Dermatophagoides farinae mites, which has already been characterized by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. At 60% of saturation in ammonium sulphate, a precipitate is formed which, dissolved and dialysed has been named fraction A 60. It is mainly composed of Ag 11. In the fraction DE obtained by DEAE chromatography of the ammonium sulphate fraction A 60, Ag 11 appears homogeneous on crossed-immunoelectrophoresis. Isoelectrofocusing results indicate an average isoelectric point near neutrality in agreement with the non-absorbtion of Ag 11 on the DEAE cellulose at a weak ionic strength (0.01, at pH 7.2). By sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and gel filtration Ag 11 has a molecular weight of 28,000.

Ag 11 appears as a single polypeptidic chain with numerous dithio-bonds implying a highly folded and resistant structure. Oligosaccharides could be present as constituting molecules as well as contaminating ones as was assumed for hexosamines. These results are discussed with reference to a similar study performed on the major allergen of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. The allergenic properties of Ag 11 as present in fraction DE were tested by RAST-based methods. Fraction DE is an inhibitor as good as Df 80d and when it is coated on paper discs it can bind specific IgE in sera from the majority of mite sensitive patients. The results suggest that Ag 11 is a major allergen from D. farinae.
Prodrugs: A Chemical Approach to Targeted Drug Delivery (1985)

The term Prodrug is used to describe compounds which must undergo chemical transformation prior to exhibiting their pharmacologic or therapeutic action. The concept is not new since compounds such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), as a prodrug of salicylic acid, and methenamine, as a prodrug of formaldehyde, were discovered in the late 19th century. The term “pro-drug or “pro-agent” was first used by Albert (1958) who suggested that this approach could be used to alter the properties of drugs, in a temporary manner, to increase their usefulness, and/or decrease associated toxicity.
Cyclic Diguanylate Regulates Vibrio cholerae Virulence Gene Expression (2005)

The cyclic dinucleotide second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-diGMP) has been implicated in regulation of cell surface properties in several bacterial species, including Vibrio cholerae. Expression of genes required for V. cholerae biofilm formation is activated by an increased intracellular c-diGMP concentration. The response regulator VieA, which contains a domain responsible for degradation of c-diGMP, is required to maintain a low concentration of c-diGMP and repress biofilm formation. The VieSAB three-component signal transduction system was, however, originally identified as a regulator of ctxAB, the genes encoding cholera toxin (CT). Here we show that the c-diGMP phosphodiesterase activity of VieA is required to enhance CT production. This regulation occurred at the transcriptional level, and ectopically altering the c-diGMP concentration by expression of diguanylate cyclase or phosphodiesterase enzymes also affected ctxAB transcription. The c-diGMP phosphodiesterase activity of VieA was also required for maximal transcription toxT but did not influence the activity of ToxR or expression of TcpP. Finally, a single amino acid substitution in VieA that increases the intracellular c-diGMP concentration led to attenuation in the infant mouse model of cholera. Since virulence genes including toxT and ctxA are repressed by a high concentration of c-diGMP, while biofilm genes are activated, we suggest that c-diGMP signaling is important for the transition of V. cholerae from the environment to the host.
A clinical safety trial of stroma‐free hemoglobin (1978)

A stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) solution was prepared which was sterile, pyrogen free, and contained only 1.2% of the stromal lipid present in unpurified hemolysate, 250 ml of which was administered slowly intravenously to 8 healthy men. Two control subjects received 250 ml of serum albumin. The SFH infusions were generally well tolerated by 7 of the 8 men. One subject developed abdominal pain and costovertebral angle tenderness after infusion, which disappeared within 48 hr. Bradycardia and a mild increase in blood pressure was present during ths SFH infusions and for 4 to 5 hr thereafter. A decrease in urine output and endogenous creatinine clearance appeared during the SFH infusions and for 2 to 4 hr after infusion. A mild prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time developed immediately after infusion. Gross hemoglobinuria appeared as expected during the SFH infusions and completely disappeared by 6 to 10 hr after infusion. All the cardiovascular, renal, and clotting changes were present for only a few hours after the SFH infusion, during the hemoglobinemia (free Hb in plasma). At 24 hr and 7 days after infusion all measurements were normal, and 6 mo follow-up showed no abnormalities or hepatitis.
Dietary regulation of cholesterol esterase mRNA level in rat pancreas. (1994)

This study investigates the effect of a high fat/high cholesterol diet on cholesterol esterase biosynthesis in rat pancreas. Results showed that rats fed a high fat/high cholesterol diet, with or without bile salt supplementation, exhibited increased levels of pancreatic cholesterol esterase mRNA. An average of a 2-fold increase in cholesterol esterase mRNA was observed after 1 day of feeding the atherogenic diet. A maximal 3- to 4-fold induction was observed after 4 days on the special diet. The level of pancreatic cholesterol esterase mRNA declined subsequently, resulting in a new steady state level that remained significantly higher than cholesterol esterase mRNA level in control rat pancreas. The feeding of high fat diet without cholesterol, or high cholesterol diet without high fat content, did not result in significant increase in pancreatic cholesterol esterase mRNA when compared to that observed in control chow-fed animals. The increase in cholesterol esterase mRNA after high fat/high cholesterol feeding paralleled the increased in pancreatic lipase mRNA. The high fat/high cholesterol-induced increase in cholesterol esterase mRNA was due to increase rate of transcription, as demonstrated by nuclear run-on assays. Additionally, in vitro incubation experiments of pancreatic lobules with [35S]methionine showed higher rates of 35S-labeled cholesterol esterase synthesis with lobules from the high fat/high cholesterol-fed animals. Taken together, these results demonstrated that high fat/high cholesterol diets increased cholesterol esterase mRNA level and enzyme biosynthesis in rat pancreas. The coordinated regulation of cholesterol esterase with another lipid digestive enzyme, the pancreatic lipase, suggested an important role for these proteins in dietary lipid absorption through the gastrointestinal tract.
Fast measurement of intracardiac pressure differences with 2D breath‐hold phase‐contrast MRI (2003)

Intracardiovascular blood pressure differences can be derived from velocity images acquired with phase-contrast (PC) MRI by evaluating the Navier-Stokes equations. Pressure differences within a slice of interest can be calculated using only the in-plane velocity components from that slice. This rapid exam is proposed as an alternative to the lengthy 3D velocity imaging exams. Despite their good spatial coverage, the 3D exams are prone to artifacts and errors from respiratory motion and insufficient temporal resolution, and are unattractive in the clinical setting due to their excessive scan times (>10 min of free breathing). The proposed single-slice approach requires only one or two breath-holds of acquisition time, and the velocity data can be processed for the calculation of pressure differences online with immediate feedback. The impact of reducing the pressure difference calculation to two dimensions is quantified by comparison with 3D data sets for the case of blood flow within the cardiac chambers. The calculated pressure differences are validated using high-fidelity pressure transducers both in a pulsatile flow phantom and in vivo in a dog model. There was excellent agreement between the transducer and PC-MRI results in all of the studies.
Preventive effect of local plasmid DNA vaccine encoding gD or gD-IL-2 on herpetic keratitis. (2000)

Local immunization with plasmid DNA encoding gD or gD-IL-2 induces humoral and cellular immunity against HSV-1 and inhibits development of stromal keratitis. gD-IL-2 DNA induces greater cell-mediated immunity than gD DNA alone. A plasmid encoding gD-IL-2 is therefore a promising candidate for a vaccine against HSV-1.
Structure and Specificity of GATA Proteins in Th2 Development (2001)

Development of Th2 subset of CD4+ T cells involves the interleukin-4 (IL-4)- and Stat6-dependent increase in GATA-3 expression during primary activation. Recently we reported that the phenotypic stability and factor independence of Th2 cells involves acquisition of an intracellular pathway that maintains GATA-3 expression. Evidence from retroviral expression studies implied that this pathway involved an autoactivation of GATA-3 expression, since Stat6-deficient T cells induced endogenous GATA-3 when infected with GATA-3-expressing retroviruses. That study left unresolved the issue of whether GATA-3 autoactivation was direct or indirect. Several other Th2-specific transcription factors have been described, including c-Maf and JunB. We therefore examined the ability of these other transcription factors to induce GATA-3 expression and promote Th2 development. Neither c-Maf nor JunB induced Th2 development in Stat6-deficient CD4+ T cells, in contrast to GATA-3. Consistent with this indication of a possible direct autoactivation pathway, we also observed that heterologous GATA family proteins GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-4 were also capable of inducing GATA-3 expression in developing Stat6-deficient T cells and promote Th2 development. Mutational analysis revealed evidence for two distinct mechanisms of GATA-3 action. IL-4 induction by GATA-3 required each of the functional domains to be present, whereas repression of gamma interferon could occur even when mutants of GATA-3 lacking the second transactivation domain, TA2, were expressed. The GATA-dependent induction of the GATA-3 but not the other GATA genes in T cells suggests that T-cell-specific cis elements within the GATA-3 locus likely cooperate with a general GATA recognition motif to allow GATA-3-dependent autoactivation.
Eucalypt MADS-Box Genes Expressed in Developing Flowers (1998)

Three MADS-box genes were identified from a cDNA library derived from young flowers of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. The three egm genes are single-copy genes and are expressed almost exclusively in flowers. The egm1 and egm3 genes shared strongest homology with other plant MADS-box genes, which mediate between the floral meristem and the organ-identity genes. The egm3 gene was also expressed strongly in the receptacle or floral tube, which surrounds the carpels in the eucalypt flower and bears the sepals, petals, and numerous stamens. There appeared to be a group of genes in eucalypts with strong homology with the 3' region of the egm1 gene. The egm2 gene was expressed in eucalypt petals and stamens and was most homologous to MADS-box genes, which belong to the globosa group of genes, which regulate organogenesis of the second and third floral whorls. The possible role of these three genes in eucalypt floral development is discussed.
Biochemical Dissection of RNA Silencing in Plants (2004)

Although RNA silencing was first discovered in plants, thus far it has been studied biochemically only in animals, where it is known as RNA interference (RNAi). In animals, two components of the RNAi pathway have been identified: Dicer, a multidomain RNase III that converts long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), as siRNA-containing protein–RNA complex that targets complementary mRNA for destruction. We have developed methods for the biochemical dissection of plant RNA silencing. In this chapter, we describe in detail how to use wheat germ extract to study two distinct Dicer-like activities, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), and endogenous microRNA-programmed RISC activities. These comprehensive protocols should prove useful in the further dissection of the plant RNA silencing pathway, as well as for the validation of the predicted targets of endogenous plant microRNAs.
Serous metabolite levels of early lactation dairy cows supplemented with different lipid sources (2004)

Eight Jersey cows in early lactation with mean liveweight of 380 kg were distributed into two 4 x 4 latin squares with 21-day experimental periods, and fed corn silage, alfalfa hay, and four concentrates (control and with three different sources of fat: tallow, commercial protected fat, and ground whole soybeans, so as to provide 6.3% EE in the total dietary DM vs. 3.7% in the control). The objective was to evaluate effects of the lipid supplementation on blood composition. Blood samples were collected on days 17 and 21 of each experimental period via jugular vein puncture using vacutainer tubes with a separator gel, followed by centrifugation. The sources of fat did not influence serous levels of glucose, the enzyme GGT, and Ca; however, differences (P
Therapeutic Vaccination with MVA E2 Can Eliminate Precancerous Lesions (CIN 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3) Associated with Infection by Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (2004)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with cervical cancer. Papillomaviruses can induce diseases ranging from warts and condylomata to lesions that can progress to malignant neoplasias. Cervical cancer is a serious problem in developing countries because it is usually not detected at an early stage. In Mexico, a woman dies every 2 hr from this malignancy. In a phase I/II clinical trial, we evaluated the potential use of the MVA E2 recombinant vaccinia virus to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3 lesions associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Seventy-eight women with CIN 1-, CIN 2-, and CIN 3-grade lesions were treated with either an MVA E2 recombinant virus vaccine or with cryosurgery. Thirty-six women received the recombinant virus vaccine at a total of 10(7) MVA E2 virus particles injected directly into the uterus once every week over a 6-week period. Forty-two patients were treated with cryosurgery. Reduction of lesions was monitored weekly by colposcopy and cytologic analysis. The type of immune response after MVA E2 injection was determined by measuring antibody titers against MVA E2 virus and the E2 protein, and by the presence of cytotoxic activity against cancer cells bearing papillomavirus DNA. The presence of papillomavirus was determined by with the hybrid capture method. Thirty-four of 36 patients showed complete elimination of precancerous lesions after treatment with the MVA E2 vaccine. In two patients, precancerous lesions were reduced from grade CIN 3 to CIN 1. Three other patients presented isolated koilocytes after treatment with MVA E2. Colposcopy revealed no lesions in 85% of patients, and only small aceto-white spots were detected in 15% of patients after treatment with MVA E2. All patients developed antibodies against the MVA E2 vaccine, and vaccination generated a specific cytotoxic response against HPV-transformed cells. Furthermore, 50% of patients showed no evidence of papillomavirus after treatment with MVA E2, while the remaining 50% showed persistence of HPV DNA, but at approximately only 10% of the original viral load. The presence of cells cytotoxic to HPV-transformed cells, and the generation of antibodies against MVA E2, correlated with the elimination of lesions and with a remarkable reduction of HPV viral load in all patients treated with MVA E2. Additionally, the MVA E2 vaccine did not produce any apparent side effects in any of the patients treated. Cryosurgery eliminated the lesions of CIN 1 in all patients, but patients so treated did not develop cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. These results show that therapeutic vaccination with MVA E2 vaccine is an excellent prospective means for stimulating the immune system and causing the regression of precancerous CIN 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3 lesions when the vaccine is given locally.
A low phase noise wideband VCO in 65nm RF CMOS for low power applications (2012)

A wideband LC VCO used in low power and phase noise applications is described. A phase noise model is utilized for its lower phase noise design. A switched capacitor array, two power supply and substrate noise filters are involved in the circuit. The phase noise imported by the MOS channel current and tank less resistance is modeled to give approximate evaluation of the circuit performance. The circuit has been implemented in a standard 65 nm CMOS technology. The test result indicates that the frequency of the VCO is from 750 MHz to 1.5 GHz, and the phase noise is -125.84 dBc/Hz @1 MHz in 1.21GHz. The chip consumes less than 2.25 mW with 1.2 V power supply, and occupies 0.7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> areas.
Avoidance of Autophagy Mediated by PlcA or ActA Is Required for Listeria monocytogenes Growth in Macrophages (2015)

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that escapes from phagosomes and grows in the cytosol of infected host cells. Most of the determinants that govern its intracellular life cycle are controlled by the transcription factor PrfA, including the pore-forming cytolysin listeriolysin O (LLO), two phospholipases C (PlcA and PlcB), and ActA. We constructed a strain that lacked PrfA but expressed LLO from a PrfA-independent promoter, thereby allowing the bacteria to gain access to the host cytosol. This strain did not grow efficiently in wild-type macrophages but grew normally in macrophages that lacked ATG5, a component of the autophagy LC3 conjugation system. This strain colocalized more with the autophagy marker LC3 (42% ± 7%) at 2 h postinfection, which constituted a 5-fold increase over the colocalization exhibited by the wild-type strain (8% ± 6%). While mutants lacking the PrfA-dependent virulence factor PlcA, PlcB, or ActA grew normally, a double mutant lacking both PlcA and ActA failed to grow in wild-type macrophages and colocalized more with LC3 (38% ± 5%). Coexpression of LLO and PlcA in a PrfA-negative strain was sufficient to restore intracellular growth and decrease the colocalization of the bacteria with LC3. In a cell-free assay, purified PlcA protein blocked LC3 lipidation, a key step in early autophagosome biogenesis, presumably by preventing the formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P). The results of this study showed that avoidance of autophagy by L. monocytogenes primarily involves PlcA and ActA and that either one of these factors must be present for L. monocytogenes growth in macrophages.
Are Lower Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels at Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Associated With Improved Outcomes? (2002)

People presenting with type 2 diabetes with lower initial glycemia who may be earlier in the course of their disease had fewer adverse clinical outcomes despite similar glycemic progression. Since most such people are asymptomatic at diagnosis, active case detection programs would be required to identify them.
Enhanced Sensitivity for Biosensors:  Multiple Functions of DNA-Wrapped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Self-Doped Polyaniline Nanocomposites (2006)

A nanocomposite of poly(anilineboronic acid), a self-doped polyaniline, with ss-DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (ss-DNA/SWNTs) was fabricated on a gold electrode by in situ electrochemical polymerization of 3-aminophenylboronic acid monomers in the presence of ssDNA/SWNTs. We used this nanocomposite to detect nanomolar concentrations of dopamine and found that the sensitivity increased 4 orders of magnitude compared to the detection at an electrode modified with only poly(anilineboronic acid). For the first time, this work reports the multiple functions of the ss-DNA/SWNTs in the fabrication and biosensor application of a self-doped polyaniline/ss-DNA/SWNT nanocomposite. First, the ss-DNA/SWNTs acted as effective molecular templates during polymerization of self-doped polyaniline so that not only was the polymerization speed increased but also the quality of the polymer was greatly improved. Second, they functioned as novel active stabilizers after the polymerization, significantly enhancing the stability of the film. Furthermore, the ss-DNA/SWNTs also acted as conductive polyanionic doping agents in the resulting polyaniline film, which showed enhanced conductivity and redox activity. Finally, the large surface area of carbon nanotubes greatly increased the density of the functional groups available for sensitive detection of the target analyte. We envision that polyaniline with other functional groups as well as other conducting polymers may be produced for different targeted applications by this approach.
Femtosecond Wavepacket Spectroscopy: Influence of Temperature, Wavelength, and Pulse Duration (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFemtosecond Wavepacket Spectroscopy: Influence of Temperature, Wavelength, and Pulse DurationDavid M. Jonas, Stephen E. Bradforth, Sean A. Passino, and Graham R. FlemingCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 9, 2594–2608Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100009a018https://doi.org/10.1021/j100009a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views819Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts