gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recovery of erythropoietin from anemic sheep plasma (1974)

Abstract A method is described for the large‐scale preparation of erythropoietin from anemic sheep plasma. DEAE‐cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose column chromatography was used to prepare Step II erythropoietin. A total of 168 sheep yielded 499 liters of plasma from which 323,000 IU of Step II erythropoietin was obtained.
Targeted replacement of the homeobox gene Hox-3.1 by the Escherichia coli lacZ in mouse chimeric embryos. (1990)

Through gene targeting based upon homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, a chosen gene can be inactivated and eventually a strain of mutant mice created. We have devised a procedure to specifically replace a targeted gene by another gene. A murine homeobox gene was disrupted at high frequency in embryonic stem cells by its replacement with Escherichia coli lacZ. Injection of such stem cells into blastocysts yielded chimeric embryos in which beta-galactosidase activity was driven by the Hox-3.1 promoter. This technique will allow the visual assessment at the cellular level of gene inactivation effects in transgenic mice.
Human cytomegalovirus latent infection of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. (1994)

We have investigated the interaction of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) with cultured primary granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, a suspected natural site of viral latency, and have established conditions for latent infection and reactivation in this cell population. Progenitor cells from human fetal liver or bone marrow maintained a CD14+, CD15+, CD33+ cell surface phenotype during propagation in suspension culture. Exposure to human CMV did not reduce growth or alter the phenotype of these cells during a 4-week culture period. Viral replication was not detectable in these cells, although viral DNA, as measured by PCR analysis, persisted in a high proportion of cultured cells in the absence of delayed early (beta) gene expression. Viral gene expression was restricted such that only ie1 region transcripts were detected by PCR analysis of cDNA, and these transcripts were estimated to be present in no less than 2-5% of latently infected cells. Most of these transcripts remained unspliced, a result that strikingly contrasts with the splicing pattern normally seen during viral replication in permissive cells. Latent virus reactivated after prolonged, 16- to 21-day cocultivation of infected granulocyte-macrophage progenitors with permissive cells, results that support a role for the myelomonocytic cell population as a biological reservoir of latent human CMV and suggest that these cells may be the source of CMV DNA PCR-positive monocytes found in the peripheral blood of healthy carriers.
Identification and Characterization of a Prevacuolar Compartment in Stigmas of Nicotiana alata (1999)

Elizabeth A. Miller, Marcus C. S. Lee, Marilyn A. Anderson, Identification and Characterization of a Prevacuolar Compartment in Stigmas of Nicotiana alata, The Plant Cell, Vol. 11, No. 8 (Aug., 1999), pp. 1499-1508
Automatic lung segmentation for accurate quantitation of volumetric X-ray CT images (2001)

Segmentation of pulmonary X-ray computed tomography (CT) images is a precursor to most pulmonary image analysis applications. This paper presents a fully automatic method for identifying the lungs in three-dimensional (3-D) pulmonary X-ray CT images. The method has three main steps. First, the lung region is extracted from the CT images by gray-level thresholding. Then, the left and right lungs are separated by identifying the anterior and posterior junctions by dynamic programming. Finally, a sequence of morphological operations is used to smooth the irregular boundary along the mediastinum in order to obtain results consistent with those obtained by manual analysis, in which only the most central pulmonary arteries are excluded from the lung region. The method has been tested by processing 3-D CT data sets from eight normal subjects, each imaged three times at biweekly intervals with lungs at 90% vital capacity. We present results by comparing our automatic method to manually traced borders from two image analysts. Averaged over all volumes, the root mean square difference between the computer and human analysis is 0.8 pixels (0.54 mm). The mean intrasubject change in tissue content over the three scans was 2.75% +/- 2.29% (mean +/- standard deviation).
Azobenzene-Incorporated Alkanethiol Monolayer Film on Au(111):  Reflection−Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy Study (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTAzobenzene-Incorporated Alkanethiol Monolayer Film on Au(111): Reflection−Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy StudySang Woo Han, Chang Hwan Kim, Soon Hyeok Hong, Young Keun Chung, and Kwan KimView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Catalysis, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea Cite this: Langmuir 1999, 15, 4, 1579–1583Publication Date (Web):January 15, 1999Publication History Received24 June 1998Revised24 November 1998Published online15 January 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/la9807457Copyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views354Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (90 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Alcohols,Alkyls,Azobenzene,Chemical structure,Gold Get e-Alerts
Multivalent ligands for the mannose-specific lectin on type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli : syntheses and testing of trivalent α-D-mannoside clusters (1998)

The syntheses of the triantennary cluster α-D-mannosides 16, 19, 23 and 24 and their capacities to inhibit mannose-dependent binding of E. coli HB 101 (pPKl4) are described. The cluster glycosides are formed by glycosylation of tris-(3-hydroxypropyl)nitromethane 13, and by linking of suitable mannoside derivatives via amide and thiourea bonds to tris-(2-carboxyethyl)nitromethane 17 and tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine 20. Functionalized mannosides are attached to the core molecules at the 6-position of the sugar ring to allow variation of the introduced aglycone moieties in order to compare their effects on the inhibitory potencies of the derived mannoside clusters. The 6-peptide-bridged cluster mannoside 19 displays the highest binding potency towards the type 1 fimbrial lectin of E. coli as tested by inhibition agglutination tests and ELISA.
Resonate: Present Visual Stories that Transform Audiences (2010)

Reveals the underlying story form of all great presentations that will not only create impact, but will move people to action Presentations are meant to inform, inspire, and persuade audiences. So why then do so many audiences leave feeling like they've wasted their time? All too often, presentations don't resonate with the audience and move them to transformative action. Just as the author's first book helped presenters become visual communicators, Resonate helps you make a strong connection with your audience and lead them to purposeful action. The author's approach is simple: building a pre
Stereochemistry in Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Esters (2000)

This chapter describes a new stereoregulation method for free-radical polymerization of vinyl esters using fluoroalcohols as solvents. The stereochemistry of the vinyl ester polymerization was remarkably affected by the fluoroalcohols such as (CF3)3COH and (CF3)2CHOH. The polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) gave a polymer rich in syndiotacticity (up to rr = 50%, r = 72%), while the polymerization of vinyl propionate (VPr), vinyl isobutyrate (ViBu), vinyl pivalate ( VPi), vinyl 2,2-dimethylbutylate (VDMB), and vinyl 2,2-dimethylvalerate (VDMV) gave polymers rich in heterotacticity (up to mr = 61%). A polymer rich in isotacticity (up to mm = 33%) was obtained by the polymerization of vinyl benzoate (VBz). This stereochemistry represents the highest level of content for the radical polymerization of vinyl esters reported so far. The stereochemical effects observed in this study are due to a hydrogen-bonding interaction between the fluoroalcohol molecules and the ester groups of the vinyl ester monomer and the growing polymer. Conversely, the stereochemistry of the polymerization of bulky 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)propionate (VF6Pi) in fluoroalcohols was similar to that of the bulk polymerization presumably due to the weak hydrogen-bonding interaction between the monomer and the fluoroalcohols.
Issues in message technology (1977)

Five years of collaborative development have established message communication as a way of life on the ARPAnet. Many lessons were learned in building the network-wide message system, and it does a generally reliable and efficient job. However, the haste with which the system was built has forced numerous compromises and left many questions unresolved. This paper sketches the history and design of the system and then explores conclusions, compromises and questions in four areas of the technology: message form and structure, addressing, authentication and protection, and the implications of a network environment.
SOME INTERESTING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VERBS AND NOUNS (1981)

Verbs are different from;nouns in ways that go beyond chair syntactic privileges . Verbs are harder to remember, more broadly defined, more prone to be altered in meaning when conflict of meaning occurs, less stable in translation between languages, and slower to be acquired by children than nouns . In this paper I argue that the differences stem in part from a basic cognitive distinction that, in perceptual domains, is correlated with the noun-verb distinctioq :. the distinction between object-reference concepts and relational concepts .' Object-reference concepts are typically lexicalized as concrete or proper nouns such as dog, collie, or Lassie . Relational concepts from the same concrete level a' ' typically lexicalized as predicates, usually verbs (e.g ., push, float, or move) or prepositions
‘High-Surface Sodium’ as a Reducing Agent for TiCl3 (1995)

Sodium deposited on inorganic supports such as Al2O3, TiO2 and NaCl (‘high-surface sodium’) is a cheap, readily prepared, nonpyrophoric reducing agent for TiCl3. The low-valent titanium thus obtained, after only 1 h reduction time, is well suited for McMurry coupling reactions, particularly of aromatic carbonyl compounds. It exhibits a previously unrivalled template effect for the cyclization of dicarbonyl compounds to (macrocyclic) cycloalkenes and is suitable for the reduction of N-acyl-2-aminobenzophenone derivatives to 2,3-disubstituted indoles. Even a 36-membered ring could be formed without recourse to high dilution techniques.
Copper Modulates Zinc Metalloproteinase-Dependent Ectodomain Shedding of Key Signaling and Adhesion Proteins and Promotes the Invasion of Prostate Cancer Epithelial Cells (2012)

A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc metalloproteinases (ZMPs) that catalyze the "ectodomain shedding" of a range of cell surface proteins including signaling and adhesion molecules. These "sheddases" are associated with the invasion and metastasis of a range of cancers. Increased serum and tumor tissue levels of copper are also observed in several cancers, although little is known about how the metal might promote disease progression at the molecular level. In the current study, we investigated whether copper might regulate the ectodomain shedding of two key cell surface proteins implicated in the invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer, the Notch ligand Jagged1 and the adhesion molecule E-cadherin, and whether the metal was able to influence the invasion of the prostate cancer epithelial cell line PC3. Physiological copper concentrations stimulated the ZMP-mediated proteolysis of Jagged1 and E-cadherin in cell culture models, whereas other divalent metals had no effect. Copper-mediated Jagged1 proteolysis was also observed following the pretreatment of cells with cycloheximide and in a cell-free membrane system, indicating a posttranslational mechanism of sheddase activation. Finally, the concentrations of copper that stimulated ZMP-mediated protein shedding also enhanced PC3 invasion; an effect that could be negated using a sheddase inhibitor or copper chelators. Collectively, these data implicate copper as an important factor in promoting prostate cancer cell invasion and indicate that the selective posttranslational activation of ZMP-mediated protein shedding might play a role in this process.
Model chemistry for a covalent mechanism of action of orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModel chemistry for a covalent mechanism of action of orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylaseRichard B. Silverman and Michael P. GroziakCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 23, 6434–6439Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00387a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00387a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views447Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficacy of interventions used by physiotherapists for patients with headache and migraine—systematic review and meta-analysis (2015)

Results suggest a statistically significant reduction in the intensity, frequency and duration of migraine, TTH and CGH. Pain reduction and reduction in CGH frequency do not reach clinically relevant effect sizes. Small sample sizes, inadequate use of headache classification, and other methodological shortcomings reduce the confidence in these results. Methodologically sound, randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are required to provide information on whether and which physiotherapy approach is effective. According to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), the current level of evidence is low.
A novel role for the integrin-binding III-10 module in fibronectin matrix assembly. (1996)

Fibronectin matrix assembly is a cell-dependent process which is upregulated in tissues at various times during development and wound repair to support the functions of cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Previous studies have demonstrated that the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin and fibronectin's amino terminus and III-1 module are important in fibronectin polymerization. We have recently shown that fibronectin's III-1 module contains a conformationally sensitive binding site for fibronectin's amino terminus (Hocking, D.C., J. Sottile, and P.J. McKeown-Longo. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 19183-19191). The present study was undertaken to define the relationship between the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin and fibronectin polymerization. Solid phase binding assays using recombinant III-10 and III-1 modules of human plasma fibronectin indicated that the III-10 module contains a conformation-dependent binding site for the III-1 module of fibronectin. Unfolded III-10 could support the formation of a ternary complex containing both III-1 and the amino-terminal 70-kD fragment, suggesting that the III-1 module can support the simultaneous binding of III-10 and 70 kD. Both unfolded III-10 and unfolded III-1 could support fibronectin binding, but only III-10 could promote the formation of disulfide-bonded multimers of fibronectin in the absence of cells. III-10-dependent multimer formation was inhibited by both the anti-III-1 monoclonal antibody, 9D2, and amino-terminal fragments of fibronectin. A fragment of III-10, termed III-10/A, was able to block matrix assembly in fibroblast monolayers. Similar results were obtained using the III-10A/RGE fragment, in which the RGD site had been mutated to RGE, indicating that III-I0/A was blocking matrix assembly by a mechanism distinct from disruption of integrin binding. Texas red-conjugated recombinant III-1,2 localized to beta 1-containing sites of focal adhesions on cells plated on fibronectin or the III-9,10 modules of fibronectin. Monoclonal antibodies against the III-1 or the III-9,10 modules of fibronectin blocked binding of III-1,2 to cells without disrupting focal adhesions. These data suggest that a role of the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin in matrix assembly is to regulate a series of sequential self-interactions which result in the polymerization of fibronectin.
Dependence of Giant Tunnel Magnetoresistance of Sputtered CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB Magnetic Tunnel Junctions on MgO Barrier Thickness and Annealing Temperature (2005)

We investigated the dependence of giant tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) on the thickness of an MgO barrier and on the annealing temperature of sputtered CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions deposited on SiO 2 /Si wafers. The resistance-area product exponentially increases with MgO thickness, indicating that the quality of MgO barriers is high in the investigated thickness range of 1.15–2.4 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscope images show that annealing at 375°C results in the formation of crystalline CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB structures, even though CoFeB electrodes are amorphous in the as-sputtered state. The TMR ratio increases with annealing temperature and is as high as 260% at room temperature and 403% at 5 K.
Affinity labeling of hemoglobin with 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate: covalent cross-linking in the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate binding site (1988)

The bifunctional reagent 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS) reacts with hemoglobin to give various products whose properties are dependent on the ligation state of the protein during the reaction. A major product obtained after reaction of (carbonmonoxy)hemoglobin with DIDS was a high oxygen affinity derivative [P50 = 1.4 mmHg, control P50 = 6 mmHg; 50 mM [bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]tris(hydroxymethyl)methane (Bis-Tris), pH 7.4, 0.1 M Cl-, 25 degrees C] which contained two molecules of DIDS per tetramer resulting from adduct formation at each beta-chain amino terminus. In contrast, a major product of the reaction of deoxyhemoglobin with DIDS consisted of hemoglobin which had incorporated one molecule of DIDS per tetramer and was cross-linked between the beta-chain amino termini. This cross-linked hemoglobin was found to have a greatly decreased O2 affinity (P50 = 28 mmHg). Inhibition of the T to R transition due to the structural constraint produced by cross-linking the beta amino termini is likely to be a major factor in the decreased O2 affinity of this product. The structural and functional properties of this molecule make it a potential candidate for a cell-free blood substitute.
Tethered Spinal Cord with Double Spinal Lipomas (2006)

Although lumbosacral lipoma is reported to occur in 4-8 of 100,000 patients, and 66% of lipomyelomeningoceles in young patients are accompanied by hypertrophic filum terminale, it is very rare to find two isolated spinal lipomas simultaneously. A 3 month-old baby girl was admitted to the hospital for a protruding, non-tender, soft, subcutaneous 2.5 cm mass of the lumbosacral area that had been present since birth. Simple radiography showed a spinal posterior arch defect from L3 to L5, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated two isolated spinal lipomas, a transitional type from L3 to L5, and a terminal type below S1 without dural defect. The cornus medullaris was severely tethered descending to the S1, but there was no cerebellar or brain stem herniation on the MRI. We suggest that the presence of a combined spinal lipoma should be a point for careful differentiation in an infant with spinal lipoma.
Proliferation of human colonic mucosa as an intermediate biomarker of carcinogenesis: effects of butyrate, deoxycholate, calcium, ammonia, and pH. (1993)

A high-fat/high-protein diet has been reported to promote colon cancer by increasing luminal bile acid and ammonia concentrations, whereas butyrate, calcium, and low colonic pH may have protective effects. In this study, bromodeoxyuridine labeling of colonic epithelium was investigated after incubating biopsies from the ascending colon of 70 patients with HCl (20 mM, pH 6.0), butyric acid (H-BUT, 20 mM, pH 6.0), sodium butyrate (Na-BUT, 10 mM, pH 8.0), CaCl2 (10 mM), calcium butyrate (Ca-BUT, 10 mM), ammonium butyrate (NH4-BUT, 10 mM), deoxycholic acid (DCA, 5 microM), and a combination of DCA and Na-BUT (DCA/Na-BUT, 5 microM/10 mM). Compared to NaCl, H-BUT and Na-BUT increased the whole crypt-labeling index significantly, whereas HCl and CaCl2 had no effect. Reduced labeling, however, occurred with Ca-BUT in comparison to equimolar Na-BUT. No differences in the labeling indexes were found for NH4-BUT compared to Na-BUT, but increased labeling with expansion of the proliferative zone to the upper 40% of the crypt was seen with DCA compared to NaCl. DCA-induced hyperproliferation was abolished by coincubation with DCA/Na-BUT. These data suggest that butyrate, calcium, and DCA have complex influences on mucosal proliferation. Since luminal concentrations of these compounds are influenced by dietary interventions, the findings of this study may be of particular interest with regard to colon cancer development and prevention.