gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Imaging of αVβ3 Function as a Predictor of the Antimigratory and Antiproliferative Effects of Dasatinib (2009)

Src family kinases (SFKs) are commonly deregulated in cancer cells. Among other functions, SFKs are critical for cellular migration and invasion. SFK inhibitors are being studied as targeted cancer drugs, but there are no biomarkers for noninvasive assessment of SFK inhibition. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether imaging of alpha(V)beta(3) integrin activity with positron emission tomography (PET) and [(64)Cu]DOTA-cyclo-(Arg-Gly-Asp-dPhe-Lys) {[(64)Cu]DOTA-c(RGDfK)} can be used for monitoring response to the SFK inhibitor dasatinib. Severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing U87MG xenografts were gavaged daily over 72 hours with 72 or 95 mg/kg of dasatinib or vehicle. Tumor uptake of [(64)Cu]DOTA-c(RGDfK) was measured by small-animal PET. In parallel, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) scans were performed to assess tumor metabolism in response to dasatinib treatment. Dasatinib significantly (P<0.0001) reduced [(64)Cu]DOTA-c(RGDfK) uptake by up to 59% in U87MG xenografts [2.10+/-0.14% injected dose/gram (ID/g) in the 95 mg/kg group and 3.12+/-0.18% ID/g in the 72 mg/kg group, versus 5.08+/-0.80% ID/g in controls]. In contrast, tumor FDG uptake showed no significant reduction with dasatinib therapy (8.13+/-0.45% ID/g in treated versus 10.39+/-1.04% ID/g in controls; P=0.170). Histologically, tumors were viable at the time of the follow-up PET scan but showed inhibition of focal adhesion kinase. Continued dasatinib treatment resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth (tumor size on day 10 of therapy: 21.13+/-2.60 mm(2) in treated animals versus 122.50+/-17.68 mm(2) in controls; P=0.001). [(64)Cu]DOTA-c(RGDfK) may provide a sensitive means of monitoring tumor response to SFK inhibition in alpha(V)beta(3)-expressing cancers early in the course of therapy.
Motion fields for interactive character locomotion (2010)

We propose a novel representation of motion data and control that enables characters with both highly agile responses to user input and natural handling of arbitrary external disturbances. The representation organizes motion data as samples in a high dimensional generalization of a vector field we call a 'motion field'. Our runtime motion synthesis mechanism freely 'flows' in the motion field and is capable of creating novel and natural motions that are highly-responsive to the real time user input, and generally not explicitly specified in the data.
Voronoi diagrams—a survey of a fundamental geometric data structure (1991)

article Free Access Share on Voronoi diagrams—a survey of a fundamental geometric data structure Author: Franz Aurenhammer Technische Univ. Graz, Schiebbstattgasse, Austria Technische Univ. Graz, Schiebbstattgasse, AustriaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 23Issue 3Sept. 1991 pp 345–405https://doi.org/10.1145/116873.116880Published:01 September 1991Publication History 2,817citation20,462DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2,817Total Downloads20,462Last 12 Months1,262Last 6 weeks220 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
In vitro Growth and Differentiation of Epithelial Cells derived from Post-embryonic Hair Follicles (1982)

Cell aggregates formed during the first 2 days of culture of cells derived from hair follicle tissue of young rats. Aggregates occurred at an accelerated rate at higher cell densities, and contained a high proportion of epithelial cells although a variable proportion of mesenchymal (fibroblast) cells were present. Citrulline was detected in the cultured cell proteins. Electrophoretic analysis of the proteins showed the presence of hair cortical keratin in the cultures, but these proteins were not synthesized during the culture period, in conflict with previous findings. Protein synthesized by the cultured cells was not of inner root sheath or epidermal origin and the only protein which could be identified was actin. It is concluded that the present culture system is unsuitable for the study of keratinization as occurs in the intact hair follicle.
Viral Genetic Determinants of H5N1 Influenza Viruses That Contribute to Cytokine Dysregulation (2009)

Human disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) is associated with fulminant viral pneumonia and mortality rates in excess of 60%. Cytokine dysregulation is thought to contribute to its pathogenesis. In comparison with human seasonal influenza (H1N1) viruses, clade 1, 2.1, and 2.2 H5N1 viruses induced higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in primary human macrophages. To understand viral genetic determinants responsible for this hyperinduction of cytokines, we constructed recombinant viruses containing different combinations of genes from high-cytokine (A/Vietnam/1203/04) and low-cytokine (A/WSN/33) phenotype H1N1 viruses and tested their cytokine-inducing phenotype in human macrophages. Our results suggest that the H5N1 polymerase gene segments, and to a lesser extent the NS gene segment, contribute to cytokine hyperinduction in human macrophages and that a putative H5 pandemic virus that may arise through genetic reassortment between H5N1 and one of the current seasonal influenza viruses may have a markedly altered cytokine phenotype.
ConformationalEpitopes Recognized by Protective Anti-Neisserial Surface Protein AAntibodies (2003)

NspA is a conserved membrane protein that elicits protective antibody responses in mice against Neisseria meningitidis. A recent crystallographic study showed that NspA adopts an eight-stranded beta-barrel structure when reconstituted in detergent. In order to define the segments of NspA-containing epitopes recognized by protective murine anti-NspA antibodies, we studied the binding of two bactericidal and protective anti-NspA monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), AL12 and 14C7. Neither MAb binds to overlapping synthetic peptides (10-mers, 12-mers, and cyclic 12-mers) corresponding to the entire mature sequence of NspA, or to denatured recombinant NspA (rNspA), although binding to the protein can be restored by refolding in liposomes. Based on the ability of the two MAbs to bind to Escherichia coli microvesicles prepared from a set of rNspA variants created by site-specific mutagenesis, the most important contacts between the MAbs and NspA appear to be located within the LGG segment of loop 3. The conformation of loop 2 also appears to be an important determinant, as particular combinations of residues in this segment resulted in loss of antibody binding. Thus, the two anti-NspA MAbs recognize discontinuous conformational epitopes that result from the close proximity of loops 2 and 3 in the three-dimensional structure of NspA. The data suggest that optimally immunogenic vaccines using rNspA will require formulations that permit proper folding of the protein.
Towards Automated Semi-Supervised Learning (2019)

Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) aims to build an appropriate machine learning model for any unseen dataset automatically, i.e., without human intervention. Great efforts have been devoted on AutoML while they typically focus on supervised learning. In many applications, however, semisupervised learning (SSL) are widespread and current AutoML systems could not well address SSL problems. In this paper, we propose to present an automated learning system for SSL (AUTO-SSL). First, meta-learning with enhanced meta-features is employed to quickly suggest some instantiations of the SSL techniques which are likely to perform quite well. Second, a large margin separation method is proposed to fine-tune the hyperparameters and more importantly, alleviate performance deterioration. The basic idea is that, if a certain hyperparameter owns a high quality, its predictive results on unlabeled data may have a large margin separation. Extensive empirical results over 200 cases demonstrate that our proposal on one side achieves highly competitive or better performance compared to the state-of-the-art AutoML system AUTO-SKLEARN and classical SSL techniques, on the other side unlike classical SSL techniques which often significantly degenerate performance, our proposal seldom suffers from such deficiency.
I-123 Diagnostic Thyroid Tumor Whole-Body Scanning with Imaging at 6, 24, and 48 Hours (2002)

I-123 doses of 111 to 185 MBq for DxRal provide acceptable levels of sensitivity overall and may permit 48-hour imaging for improved detection of weakly avid tumor or remnant without any risk for "stunning."
Nitrofurantoin enteric pellets with high bioavailability based on aciform crystalline formation by wet milling (2014)

The aim of the present study was to grind nitrofurantoin (NF) with HPMC solution and to determine the dissolution and bioavailability of the enteric pellets prepared with the NF cogrounds and other excipients. During milling, crystalline transformation occurred--the aciform microcrystalline monohydrate II replaced the coarse crystal anhydrate β and the particle size markedly reduced. In vitro test demonstrated that the enteric pellets prepared with NF cogrounds (4 h) revealed a faster dissolution than the commercial tablet and 50% was released within 30 min in the basic medium. Finally, an in vivo test was conducted in beagle dogs. The Cmax and AUC(0 → 24) of the pellets were 2.19 ± 0.74 μg/ml and 6.73 ± 4.71 μg/ml h, respectively, while the corresponding values were 0.49 ± 0.42 μg/ml and 1.38 ± 1.17 μg/ml h for the tablet. Thus, the bioavailability of the pellets was increased significantly. In conclusion, the wet grinding that reduced the particle size and created the microcrystalline played a major role in the acceleration of the dissolution of NF and, consequently, enhanced the bioavailability, and the wet grinding process offers an alternative approach to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of drugs with poor aqueous solubility.
A Pressure-Mediated Nonviral Method for Efficient Arterial Gene and Oligonucleotide Transfer (1999)

In this study, we report a method of controlled pressure-mediated delivery of "naked" DNA that achieves efficient and safe arterial gene and oligonucleotide transfer. We demonstrated a pressure-dependent uptake of fluorescein-labeled (FITC) oligonucleotide (ODN) in rabbit carotid arteries with preexisting neointimal hyperplasia, using nondistending intravascular delivery pressures ranging from 0 to 760 mm Hg. At an infusion pressure of 50 mm Hg, 10.5+/-5% of neointimal cell nuclei were positive for nuclear uptake of FITC-ODN 4 days after transfection. With an infusion pressure of 760 mm Hg, the transfection efficiency increased to 84.2+/-5.3% of neointimal cells, and to 64.5+/-11.6 and 92.4+/-5.5% of medial and adventitial cells, respectively. Similar patterns of FITC-ODN uptake were seen in atherosclerotic injured arteries. We also investigated the pressure-mediated delivery of plasmid DNA. Transfection of a luciferase expression plasmid, using an infusion pressure of 760 mm Hg, yielded luciferase expression of 816.6+/-108.6 fg/mg protein in normal rabbit carotid arteries, as compared with 38.9+/-23.7 fg/mg protein at 100 mm Hg. Luciferase expression was significantly higher in pressure-transfected injured atherosclerotic arteries (5467.3+/-1047.6 fg/mg protein at 760 mm Hg). Transfection of beta-galactosidase indicated that significant transgene expression occurred in the neointima and media. These data indicate that this pressure-mediated transfection method yields efficient oligonucleotide delivery and enhances transduction with plasmid DNA in normal as well as injured nonatherosclerotic or atherosclerotic arteries.
Inhibition of Xanthine and Monoamine Oxidases by Stilbenoids from Veratrum taliense (2001)

The bioassay guided refractionation of the methanol extract of roots and rhizomes of Veratrum taliense (Liliaceae) yielded five stilbenoids: veraphenol, resveratrol, piceid, isorhapontin, and mulberroside E, all inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO, EC 1.2.3.2.) in vitro in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 11.0, 96.7, 66.1, 70.0, and 78.4 microM, respectively. Veraphenol and mulberroside E were found to be mixed XO inhibitors with the Ki and Ki data of the former being 32.8 and 239.3 microM, and those of latter 32.5 and 13.8 microM, respectively. However, the inhibition on the enzyme by resveratrol, isorhapontin, and piceid was shown to be competitive with their Ki values of 9.7, 19.1, and 14.3 microM, respectively. Among the five stilbenoids, veraphenol and resveratrol were also revealed to inhibit competitively monoamine oxidase A (MAO, EC 1.4.3.4) with IC50 values at 38.0 and 26.6 microM, and Ki data 36.4 and 47.3 microM, respectively. However, none of the stilbenoids was inhibitory on MAO B in our assay. The structure-activity relationship examination showed that glycosylation of the stilbenoids could reduce the inhibition on XO and diminish the activity against MAO A, indicating that the free phenolic hydroxy group of the compounds was most likely essential for these bioactivities.
Stampidine as a Novel Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor with Potent anti‐HIV Activity (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Homodyne detection in magnetic resonance imaging (1991)

Magnetic detection of complex images in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is immune to the effects of incidental phase variations, although in some applications information is lost or images are degraded. It is suggested that synchronous detection or demodulation can be used in MRI systems in place of magnitude detection to provide complete suppression of undesired quadrature components, to preserve polarity and phase information, and to eliminate the biases and reduction in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast in low SNR images. The incidental phase variations in an image are removed through the use of a homodyne demodulation reference, which is derived from the image or the object itself. Synchronous homodyne detection has been applied to the detection of low SNR images, the reconstruction of partial k-space images, the simultaneous detection of water and lipid signals in quadrature, and the preservation of polarity in inversion-recovery images.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms Undertake Unique Roles During Excitotoxicity (2007)

The observation that endothelial NOS-deficient mice undergo excitotoxic neurodegeneration in the absence of BBB breakdown unlinks the two processes. These findings suggest that it may be possible to achieve full amelioration of excitotoxic-triggered neurodegeneration through developing isoform-specific inhibitors solely for neuronal NOS.
Discovery of epitopes for targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with antibodies (2009)

Antibodies have become valuable therapeutic agents for targeting of extracellular proteins in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity and cardiovascular disorders. For breast cancer, antibodies targeting the human HER2 have been shown to result in cell growth inhibition both in vitro and in patients with breast tumors. There is evidence to suggest that targeting multiple HER2 epitopes may result in increased growth inhibition making it interesting to find antibodies targeting new epitopes. Here, we report on a new scheme to discover antibodies directed to new epitopes using the extracellular domain of the HER2 as a model. Polyclonal antibodies were generated using recombinant protein fragments and affinity purified fractions of the antibodies were functionally characterized and precisely epitope mapped using bacterial surface display. Polyclonal antibodies towards a 127 amino acid recombinant protein fragment spanning between domains II and III of the HER2 were shown to bind to human ductal carcinoma cell line BT474 resulting in growth inhibition. Affinity purification demonstrated that antibodies to two separate regions from the N- and C-terminal end of the fragment exhibited the growth inhibition. Epitope mapping of the C-terminal antibodies revealed a 25 amino acid region (LPESFDGDPASNTAPLQPEQLQVF) with two distinct epitopes mediating efficient growth inhibition. The results suggest that antibodies directed towards this region of domain III of the HER2, distinct from the well-known monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab and pertuzumab, bind to the HER2 on living cells and exhibit growth inhibition. The work describes a new strategy to develop antibodies directed to non-overlapping epitopes and shows a path of pursuit to explore the epitope space of a target protein.
Roots of Sorghum Exude Hydrophobic Droplets Containing Biologically Active Components1 (1986)

Roots of Sorghum are known to exude materials that exhibit allelochemical activity, but the compounds identified do not completely account for the observed species‐specific allelochemical activities. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize both water‐soluble and water‐insoluble exudates from roots of sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seedlings grown in petri dishes. Hydrophilic exudates included phenols, protein, and 3‐deoxyanthocyanidin derivatives. Hydrophobic droplets, exuded from root hairs, tested positively for phenols and lipids. These hydrophobic exudates strongly inhibit (85%) root elongation in lettuce ( Lactuca sativa cv. Great Lakes) seedlings, but do not affect that of corn ( Zea mays L. cv. B73 Ht ), nor the germination of either of these plants. Associated with these hydrophobic droplets are novel quinones, yet unidentified. The results indicate that these hydrophobic exudate droplets contain components that may have species‐specific biological activities.
Intermetallics J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 934 (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTIntermetallics J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 934Gerhard SauthoffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 43, 10678Publication Date (Web):October 30, 1996Publication History Published online30 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja965445vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja965445vcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views886Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (20 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lung assist device technology with physiologic blood flow developed on a tissue engineered scaffold platform (2010)

There is no technology available to support failing lung function for patients outside the hospital. An implantable lung assist device would augment lung function as a bridge to transplant or possible destination therapy. Utilizing biomimetic design principles, a microfluidic vascular network was developed for blood inflow from the pulmonary artery and blood return to the left atrium. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was used to optimize blood flow within the vascular network. A micro milled variable depth mold with 3D features was created to achieve both physiologic blood flow and shear stress. Gas exchange occurs across a thin silicone membrane between the vascular network and adjacent alveolar chamber with flowing oxygen. The device had a surface area of 23.1 cm(2) and respiratory membrane thickness of 8.7 ± 1.2 μm. Carbon dioxide transfer within the device was 156 ml min(-1) m(-2) and the oxygen transfer was 34 ml min(-1) m(-2). A lung assist device based on tissue engineering architecture achieves gas exchange comparable to hollow fiber oxygenators yet does so while maintaining physiologic blood flow. This device may be scaled up to create an implantable ambulatory lung assist device.
Lifespan extension and delayed immune and collagen aging in mutant mice with defects in growth hormone production (2001)

Single-gene mutations that extend lifespan provide valuable tools for the exploration of the molecular basis for age-related changes in cell and tissue function and for the pathophysiology of age-dependent diseases. We show here that mice homozygous for loss-of-function mutations at the Pit1 (Snell dwarf) locus show a >40% increase in mean and maximal longevity on the relatively long-lived (C3H/HeJ x DW/J)F(1) background. Mutant dw(J)/dw animals show delays in age-dependent collagen cross-linking and in six age-sensitive indices of immune system status. These findings thus demonstrate that a single gene can control maximum lifespan and the timing of both cellular and extracellular senescence in a mammal. Pituitary transplantation into dwarf mice does not reverse the lifespan effect, suggesting that the effect is not due to lowered prolactin levels. In contrast, homozygosity for the Ghrhr(lit) mutation, which like the Pit1(dw) mutation lowers plasma growth hormone levels, does lead to a significant increase in longevity. Male Snell dwarf mice, unlike calorically restricted mice, become obese and exhibit proportionately high leptin levels in old age, showing that their exceptional longevity is not simply due to alterations in adiposity per se. Further studies of the Pit1(dw) mutant, and the closely related, long-lived Prop-1(df) (Ames dwarf) mutant, should provide new insights into the hormonal regulation of senescence, longevity, and late life disease.
Visual Object Recognition Using Pseudo-random Grid Encoding (2005)

This paper presents a new grid node indexing method based on pseudo-random binary array (PRBA) encoding. This method requires only one code bit per grid step, independent of the desired grid resolution. Applications are discussed for 3-D object recognition and for 2-D absolute position recovery of a free- ranging mobile robot.