gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MAC protocol for inter-vehicle communication network using spread spectrum technique (2002)

Much research has been done for short range inter-vehicle communication systems and networks. The purpose of the systems has been to increase road traffic safety. Spread spectrum (SS) communication systems are able to communicate and range the distance between the terminals simultaneously. Thus it is advantageous to use the spread spectrum techniques for inter-vehicle communications. Considering the mobility of the terminals, the network need to be modeled as a number of terminals approaching each other randomly. So its operations and management should be done in a decentralized (i.e. base-station-less) manner. In this paper, medium access control (MAC) protocol for the inter-vehicle communication network using the spread spectrum technique is proposed, where a vehicle exchanges its data regularly with other surrounding vehicles. Computer simulations evaluates the basic performance of the protocol under highway conditions. It is shown that inter-vehicle communication can carried be smoothly carried out between one and surrounding vehicles in such environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sustained Release of TGF β 3 from PLGA Microspheres and Its Effect on Early Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2006)

Despite the widespread role of transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGFbeta3) in wound healing and tissue regeneration, its long-term controlled release has not been demonstrated. Here, we report microencapsulation of TGFbeta3 in poly-d-l-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres and determine its bioactivity. The release profiles of PLGA-encapsulated TGFbeta3 with 50:50 and 75:25 PLA:PGA ratios differed throughout the experimental period. To compare sterilization modalities of microspheres, bFGF was encapsulated in 50:50 PLGA microspheres and subjected to ethylene oxide (EO) gas, radio-frequency glow discharge (RFGD), or ultraviolet (UV) light. The release of bFGF was significantly attenuated by UV light, but not significantly altered by either EO or RFGD. To verify its bioactivity, TGFbeta3 (1.35 ng/mL) was control-released to the culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) under induced osteogenic differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase staining intensity was markedly reduced 1 week after exposing hMSC-derived osteogenic cells to TGFbeta3. This was confirmed by lower alkaline phosphatase activity (2.25 +/- 0.57 mU/mL/ng DNA) than controls (TGFbeta3- free) at 5.8 +/- 0.9 mU/mL/ng DNA (p < 0.05). Control-released TGFbeta3 bioactivity was further confirmed by lack of significant differences in alkaline phosphatase upon direct addition of 1.35 ng/mL TGFbeta3 to cell culture (p > 0.05). These findings provide baseline data for potential uses of microencapsulated TGFbeta3 in wound healing and tissue-engineering applications.
A versatile valving toolkit for automating fluidic operations in paper microfluidic devices (2015)

Failure to utilize valving and automation techniques has restricted the complexity of fluidic operations that can be performed in paper microfluidic devices. We developed a toolkit of paper microfluidic valves and methods for automatic valve actuation using movable paper strips and fluid-triggered expanding elements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first functional demonstration of this valving strategy in paper microfluidics. After introduction of fluids on devices, valves can actuate automatically after a) a certain period of time, or b) the passage of a certain volume of fluid. Timing of valve actuation can be tuned with greater than 8.5% accuracy by changing lengths of timing wicks, and we present timed on-valves, off-valves, and diversion (channel-switching) valves. The actuators require ~30 μl fluid to actuate and the time required to switch from one state to another ranges from ~5 s for short to ~50 s for longer wicks. For volume-metered actuation, the size of a metering pad can be adjusted to tune actuation volume, and we present two methods - both methods can achieve greater than 9% accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate the use of these valves in a device that conducts a multi-step assay for the detection of the malaria protein PfHRP2. Although slightly more complex than devices that do not have moving parts, this valving and automation toolkit considerably expands the capabilities of paper microfluidic devices. Components of this toolkit can be used to conduct arbitrarily complex, multi-step fluidic operations on paper-based devices, as demonstrated in the malaria assay device.
Biodegradation and biotransformation of groundwater pollutant mixtures by Mycobacterium vaccae (1993)

Mycobacterium vaccae can catabolize a number of major groundwater pollutants. When added singly, acetone, cyclohexane, styrene, benzene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, dioxane, and 1,2-dichloroethylene can be catabolized by M. vaccae. Catabolism of a number of these chemicals was monitored by gas-chromatographic analysis. Gas-chromatographic analysis indicated that the products of benzene degradation are phenol and hydroquinone. The products of chlorobenzene and ethylbenzene degradation are 4-chlorophenol and 4-ethylphenol. The extent that some compounds were catabolized when present as mixtures was also investigated. When toluene and benzene were present concomitantly, toluene was catabolized and benzene oxidation was delayed. Although toluene promoted the degradation of styrene, a lower rate of toluene degradation occurred when styrene was present. Both 4-chlorophenol and 4-ethylphenol had an antagonistic effect on the ability of M. vaccae to degrade other aromatic compounds. Studies with [14C]benzene indicated that M. vaccae can mineralize small amounts of this compound. These results suggest that components in mixtures may have a positive or a negative effect on the rates of biodegradation of other pollutants.
Coexpression of gastrin and gastrin receptors (CCK-B and ΔCCK-B) in gastrointestinal tumour cell lines (1998)

The truncated gastrin receptor, delta CCK-B, is coexpressed with gastrin in 8/13 GI tumour cell lines. Gastrin and CCK-B receptor isoforms may be involved in maintaining autocrine/paracrine growth pathways in GI cancer cells.
Photoacid catalyzed sol–gel process (2005)

The hydrolysis of compounds containing alkoxysilyl moieties catalysed by UV-generated protic acids, followed by condensation of in situ generated silanol groups, is proposed as an effective approach to formation of hard, silicate-type materials by a sol–gel process. It gives highly thermally stable materials which can be of value as precursors to silicon oxycarbide films. The effectiveness of the photocatalyst used in the process depends on the type of anion and seems to be limited, in some cases, by Si–F bond formation.
An Appeal to Medical Journal Editors: The Need for a Full Description of Laboratory Methods and Specimen Handling in Clinical Study Reports (2012)

We, the editors of the laboratory medicine journals, urge our colleagues in the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)1 to adopt and enforce the following requirements for clinical studies that include laboratory testing for biomarkers, and to add these statements to the information for authors: 

1. For commercial diagnostic tests, authors must include the actual name and generation of assay, the manufacturer, and the instrument used for analyses.

2. Authors must report performance characteristics, such as the imprecision of the assay in the investigators' laboratories, the assay's reportable range, and any reference (normal) range used in the study.

3. Authors must clearly indicate the types of specimens analyzed and the storage conditions for these specimens.

The rationale for these requirements is provided below.

Biochemical markers (here referred to as biomarkers) are being used increasingly in the diagnosis, staging, and prognosis of various diseases, as well as in the monitoring of response and determination of compliance with prescribed treatment regimens. Although a biomarker initially is developed and approved by regulatory agencies for a particular clinical use, other potential clinical applications of that biomarker usually evolve over time (e.g., cardiac troponin, B-type natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein). These new potential applications often require the manufacturer to develop a more analytically sensitive or specific assay to meet the new clinical needs. It is common to have multiple generations of assays for a particular biomarker in the marketplace concurrently (cardiac troponin, thyroid-stimulating hormone). With the recent wave of mergers and acquisitions in the in vitro diagnostics industry, a single manufacturer can have multiple platforms and may feel obligated to have a similar menu of testing on all of them. In many cases, the same reagents for a given biomarker measurement may end up being used on several instruments that yield different results. Standardization and harmonization studies …
Response from Newman, et al (1991)

Response from Newman, et al Beth Newmann, Charles P. Quesenberry, Mary-Claire King, Joseph V. Selby, and Gary D. Friedman CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.81.1.112-a Published Online: October 07, 2011
Cloning and characterization of an acyl‐CoA‐dependent diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene from Tropaeolum majus, and a study of the functional motifs of the DGAT protein using site‐directed mutagenesis to modify enzyme activity and oil content (2008)

A full-length cDNA encoding a putative diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1, EC 2.3.1.20) was obtained from Tropaeolum majus (garden nasturtium). The 1557-bp open reading frame of this cDNA, designated TmDGAT1, encodes a protein of 518 amino acids showing high homology to other plant DGAT1s. The TmDGAT1 gene was expressed exclusively in developing seeds. Expression of recombinant TmDGAT1 in the yeast H1246MATalpha quadruple mutant (DGA1, LRO1, ARE1, ARE2) restored the capability of the mutant host to produce triacylglycerols (TAGs). The recombinant TmDGAT1 protein was capable of utilizing a range of (14)C-labelled fatty acyl-CoA donors and diacylglycerol acceptors, and could synthesize (14)C-trierucin. Collectively, these findings confirm that the TmDGAT1 gene encodes an acyl-CoA-dependent DGAT1. In plant transformation studies, seed-specific expression of TmDGAT1 was able to complement the low TAG/unusual fatty acid phenotype of the Arabidopsis AS11 (DGAT1) mutant. Over-expression of TmDGAT1 in wild-type Arabidopsis and high-erucic-acid rapeseed (HEAR) and canola Brassica napus resulted in an increase in oil content (3.5%-10% on a dry weight basis, or a net increase of 11%-30%). Site-directed mutagenesis was conducted on six putative functional regions/motifs of the TmDGAT1 enzyme. Mutagenesis of a serine residue in a putative SnRK1 target site resulted in a 38%-80% increase in DGAT1 activity, and over-expression of the mutated TmDGAT1 in Arabidopsis resulted in a 20%-50% increase in oil content on a per seed basis. Thus, alteration of this putative serine/threonine protein kinase site can be exploited to enhance DGAT1 activity, and expression of mutated DGAT1 can be used to enhance oil content.
The cone photoreceptor mosaic of the green sunfish,Lepomis cyanellus (1993)

Recent empirical and theoretical evidence has implicated the geometrical birefringence of the double cones of the green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) as the biophysical basis of this vertebrate's sensitivity to polarized light. Because of the intimate link between the organization of the cone-photoreceptor mosaic and the psychophysical details of polarization sensitivity, we have examined the structural features of the green sunfish cone-photoreceptor mosaic, in particular the orientation of the elliptical cross sections of the double cones. Our primary observations are that (1) the arrangement of the cone-photoreceptor mosaic is constant across the retina (with two regional exceptions), with double cones arranged in a rhombic mosaic and aligned roughly +/- 45 deg to the nearest retinal margin; (2) the double-cone/single-cone ratio is everywhere the same; (3) cone density is inhomogeneous across the retina, with the highest densities in the temporal hemiretina. These results are discussed as they relate to the animal's retinal growth and visual mechanisms, particularly the sensitivity to polarized light.
Dangerous wandering: Elopements of older adults with dementia from long-term care facilities (2004)

Wandering is a commonly observed behavior among older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other types of dementia. When wandering around becomes wandering away, older adults with dementia are at high risk of injury. This exploratory, qualitative study described the circumstances, environmental risks, and injuries sustained in 62 elopements from long-term care facilities by elderly residents with dementia. Content analysis of the reports of the elopements identified patterns that included: 1) a lack of effective precautions to prevent elopement when residents had indicated an intent to elope, had repeatedly attempted to elope, or had a history of elopement; 2) a lack of awareness by the staff of resident location; and 3) ineffective use of alarm devices intended to alert staff to elopement attempts.
Design and Synthesis of Dual Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors γ and δ Agonists as Novel Euglycemic Agents with a Reduced Weight Gain Profile (2006)

The design and synthesis of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma/delta agonist (R)-3-{4-[3-(4-chloro-2-phenoxy-phenoxy)-butoxy]-2-ethyl-phenyl}-propionic acid (20) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and associated dyslipidemia is described. The compound possesses a potent dual hPPAR gamma/delta agonist profile (IC(50) = 19 nM/4 nM; EC(50) = 102 nM/6 nM for hPPARgamma and hPPARdelta, respectively). In preclinical models, the compound improves insulin sensitivity and reverses diabetic hyperglycemia with less weight gain at a given level of glucose control relative to rosiglitazone.
A concurrency control mechanism based on extendible hashing for main memory database systems (1989)

A non-preemptive deadlock-free concurrency control mechanism based on extendible hashing has been presented for main memory database system. The algorithm makes use of the verification process of the optimistic concurrency control algorithm and two-phase locking policy to manage concurrent operations on sharable data. We also present a comparison of our algorithm with other two-phase locking mechanisms and show that our algorithm is more robust, easier to implement and provides a higher degree of concurrency than other algorithms on extendible hash file.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions: the importance of changing cell state in development and disease (2009)

The events that convert adherent epithelial cells into individual migratory cells that can invade the extracellular matrix are known collectively as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Throughout evolution, the capacity of cells to switch between these two cellular states has been fundamental in the generation of complex body patterns. Here, we review the EMT events that build the embryo and further discuss two prototypical processes governed by EMT in amniotes: gastrulation and neural crest formation. Cells undergo EMT to migrate and colonize distant territories. Not surprisingly, this is also the mechanism used by cancer cells to disperse throughout the body.
Small-signal analysis of the phase-shifted PWM converter (1992)

The specific circuit effects in the phase-shifted PWM (PS-PWM) converter and their impact on the converter dynamics are analyzed. The small-signal model is derived incorporating the effects of phase-shift control and the utilization of transformer leakage inductance and power FET junction capacitances to achieve zero-voltage resonant switching. The differences in the dynamic characteristics of the PS-PWM converter and its PWM counterpart are explained. Model predictions are confirmed by experimental measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[The effect of siRNA on inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in gastric adenocarcinoma cell]. (2008)

The experimental results suggest that effectively inhibiting the expression of COX-2 can suppress the proliferation of gastric adenocarcinoma cell and promote the process of cancer cell apoptosis, so RNAi is a powerful tool of gene therapeutic method.
Phase change during a cyclic quantum evolution (1987)

A new geometric phase factor is defined for any cyclic evolution of a quantum system. This is independent of the phase factor relating the initial and final state vectors and the Hamiltonian, for a given projection of the evolution on the projective space of rays of the Hilbert space. Some applications, including the Aharonov-Bohm effect, are considered. For the special case of adiabatic evolution, this phase factor is a gauge-invariant generalization of the one found by Berry.
Fault-tolerant compass codes (2020)

We study a class of gauge fixings of the Bacon-Shor code at the circuit level, which includes a subfamily of generalized surface codes. We show that for these codes, fault tolerance can be achieved by direct measurements of the stabilizers. By simulating our fault-tolerant scheme under biased noise, we show the possibility of optimizing the performance of the surface code by stretching the bulk stabilizer geometry. To decode the syndrome efficiently and accurately, we generalize the union-find decoder to biased noise models. Our decoder obtains a $0.83%$ threshold value for the surface code in quadratic time complexity.
Effects of genistein and 2-methoxyestradiol on matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors secreted by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. (2000)

Ehrlich ascites tumor is an experimental tumor model very suitable for performing comparative studies relating its growth in vitro and in vivo. We used this tumor model to study the potential modulatory effects of genistein and 2-methoxyestradiol, two anti-angiogenic compounds, on the proteolytic balance MMP/TIMP. Ehrlich cells grown in vitro secreted MMP-9, MMP-2 and two TIMPs; the treatment with either of the anti-angiogenic compounds here tested stimulated all these activities, but the increase in TIMPs activities of genistein-treated cells were higher than those of MMPs, thus inducing a decrease in the proteolytic balance. On the other hand, Ehrlich cells growing in vivo did not produce any detectable TIMP activity, but accumulated MMP-9 and MMP-2 during tumor growth. Both compounds induced significant decrease of MMPs activity when tumor cells were actively proliferating. It was concluded that both genistein and 2-methoxyestradiol could shift the proteolytic balance MMP/TIMP towards antiproteolysis in media or ascitic fluid conditioned by actively growing Ehrlich cells.
Generalised sphere decoder for asymmetricalspace-time communication architecture (2000)

A generalised sphere decoding (GSD) algorithm is presented. Its application to the detection of information symbols in a multi-antenna cellular svstem with N antennas at the mobile and M ≥ N antennas at the base station is explored. The GSD algorithm has the maximum likelihood (ML) performance for both the uplink and downlink with moderate complexity.
Characterization ofStaphylococcus epidermidisPolysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin/Hemagglutinin in the Pathogenesis of Intravascular Catheter-Associated Infection in a Rat Model (1999)

Biofilm production is thought to be a crucial factor in the ability of Staphylococcus epidermidis to produce a biomaterial-based infection. A rat central venous catheter (CVC)-associated infection model was used to assess the importance of biofilm production, mediated by polysaccharide intercellular adhesin/hemagglutinin (PIA/HA), in the pathogenesis of intravascular catheter-associated infection. PIA/HA-positive S. epidermidis 1457 was significantly more likely to cause a CVC-associated infection (71 versus 14%, P < 0.03) resulting in bacteremia and metastatic disease than its isogenic PIA/HA-negative mutant. These results confirm the importance of biofilm production, mediated by PIA/HA, in the pathogenesis of S. epidermidis experimental CVC-associated infection.
A de novo 1p34.2 microdeletion identifies the synaptic vesicle gene RIMS3 as a novel candidate for autism (2009)

This case report and mutation screening data suggest that RIMS3 is an autism causative or contributory gene. Functional studies of RIMS3 variants such as p.E177A should provide additional insight into the role of synaptic proteins in the pathophysiology of autism.
Sharpening from Shadows: Sensor Transforms for Removing Shadows using a Single Image (2009)

Illumination conditions in images, such as shadows, can cause problems for both humans and computers. As well as shadows obscuring some features in images for human observers, many computer vision algorithms such as tracking, segmentation, recognition, and categorization are challenged by varying illumination. Previously, shadow removal algorithms were proposed that require recording a sequence of calibration images of a fixed scene over different illumination conditions, say over a day. As another alternative, calibration is replaced by using information in the single image itself, seeking a projection that minimizes entropy and allows one to generate a grayscale image that has shadows effectively eliminated. In this paper we wish to improve the entropy-based method by carrying out a sensor sharpening matrix transform first. In preceding work such a sensor transform for shadow removal was sought by utilizing many calibration images. Here, instead, we replace the calibration information by user interaction: we ask the user to identify two (or more) regions in a single image that correspond to the same surface(s) in shadow and not in shadow. Then using image data from these regions only, we generate a sensor sharpening transform via an optimization aimed at minimizing the difference between in-shadow and out-of-shadow pixel values once they are projected to grayscale. Again, entropy minimization is the driving force leading to a correct sensor matrix transform. Results show that, compared to using the camera sensors as-is, the sensor sharpening is beneficial for better shadow removal.