gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of recombinant tumor necrosis factor on proliferation and differentiation of leukemic and normal hemopoietic cells in vitro. Relationship to cell surface receptor. (1986)

The clonogenic growth of myeloid leukemia cell lines was inhibited by recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) at 1-15 pM concentration. However, wild type (promyelocytic) HL-60 cells were highly resistant to growth inhibition, but responded with differentiation into monocyte-like cells at 100 pM rTNF. The clonogenic growth of fresh acute myeloid leukemia cells was inhibited by 50% at approximately 15 pM rTNF. The growth of normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) was also inhibited (by 50 pM rTNF), as was the growth of erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) (by 150 pM rTNF). A synergistic antiproliferative effect was demonstrated between rTNF and recombinant interferon-gamma. Use of radioiodinated rTNF enabled us to detect 1,500-2,100 binding sites on myeloid cell lines at 4 degrees C with Kd of approximately 300 pM. At 37 degrees C, the transfer of bound ligand to lysosomes was followed by degradation, inhibited by NH4+. No correlation was observed between the number of binding sites or affinity at 4 degrees C and antiproliferative response to the addition of rTNF.
Elektrochemische Synthesen, V Phosphansubstituierte Metallcarbonyle der Eisengruppe/ Electrochemical Syntheses, V Phosphane Substituted Metal Carbonyls of the Iron Group Elements (1981)

Abstract The electrochemical synthesis of iron, cobalt, and nickel carbonyl derivatives with phosphane ligands from metal anodes is described.
Can We Make Operating Systems Reliable and Secure? (2006)

Microkernels long discarded as unacceptable because of their lower performance compared with monolithic kernels might be making a comeback in operating systems due to their potentially higher reliability, which many researchers now regard as more important than performance. Each of the four different attempts to improve operating system reliability focuses on preventing buggy device drivers from crashing the system. In the Nooks approach, each driver is individually hand wrapped in a software jacket to carefully control its interactions with the rest of the operating system, but it leaves all the drivers in the kernel. The paravirtual machine approach takes this one step further and moves the drivers to one or more machines distinct from the main one, taking away even more power from the drivers. Both of these approaches are intended to improve the reliability of existing (legacy) operating systems. In contrast, two other approaches replace legacy operating systems with more reliable and secure ones. The multiserver approach runs each driver and operating system component in a separate user process and allows them to communicate using the microkernel's IPC mechanism. Finally, Singularity, the most radical approach, uses a type-safe language, a single address space, and formal contracts to carefully limit what each module can do.
Fluorescence detection with an immersed flow cell in capillary electrophoresis (1991)

Abstract An immersed flowcell has been developed for fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis (CE) by modifying an ordinary HPLC spectrofluorimetric detector flowcell. The minimum detectability obtained for riboflavine was about 4 fmol. The use of the flowcell to measure a fluorescence spectrum by the stopped‐flow method of shutting down the DC high voltage during a wavelength scan, has also been achieved successfully.
Azimuth and Elevation Direction Finder Techniques ; Fifth Quarterly Report: 1 July - 30 September 1968; Report No. 5. (1968)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21151/2/rl2026.0001.001.pdf
Myasthenia Gravis Experimentally Induced with Muscle‐specific Kinase (2008)

Here we present the first evidence that muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) antigen can cause myasthenia in animals. MuSK is expressed at the postsynaptic membranes of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) and forms complexes with acetylcholine receptors (AChR) and rapsyn. MuSK is activated by agrin, which is released from motoneurons, and induces AChR clustering and subsequent formation of NMJ in embryos. Notably, autoantibodies against MuSK were found in a proportion of patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) but without the characteristic AChR autoantibodies. However, MuSK autoantibodies had no known pathogenic potential, and animals immunized with purified MuSK proteins did not develop MG in former studies. In contrast, we have now injected rabbits with MuSK ectodomain protein in vivo and evoked a MG-like muscle weakness with a reduction of AChR clustering at the NMJ. Our results showed that MuSK is required for maintenance of synapses and that interference with that function by MuSK antibodies causes myasthenic weakness. In vitro, AChR clustering in myotubes is induced by agrin and agrin-independent inducers, which do not activate MuSK. Neither the receptor nor the activation mechanisms of AChR clustering induced by agrin-independent inducers has been identified with certainty, but MuSK autoantibodies in myasthenic animals inhibited both agrin and agrin-independent AChR clustering. MuSK plays multiple roles in pre-patterning of the postsynaptic membrane before innervation and formation of NMJ in embryos. Some of these mechanisms may also participate in the maintenance of mature NMJ. This model system would provide new knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis of MG and MuSK functions in mature NMJ.
ReCycle: (2007)

Process variation affects processor pipelines by making some stages slower and others faster, therefore exacerbating pipeline unbalance. This reduces the frequency attainable by the pipeline. To improve performance, this paper proposes ReCycle, an architectural framework that comprehensively applies cycle time stealing to the pipeline - transferring the time slack of the faster stages to the slow ones by skewing clock arrival times to latching elements after fabrication. As a result, the pipeline can be clocked with a period equal to the average stage delay rather than the longest one. In addition, ReCycle's frequency gains are enhanced with Donor stages, which are empty stages added to "donate" slack to the slow stages. Finally, ReCycle can also convert slack into power reductions.
Generation of an inverting herpes simplex virus 1 mutant lacking the L-S junction a sequences, an origin of DNA synthesis, and several genes including those specifying glycoprotein E and the alpha 47 gene (1986)

The herpes simplex virus genome consists of two components, L and S, that invert relative to each other to yield four isomeric arrangements, prototype (P), inversion of the S component (Is), inversion of the L component (Il), and inversion of both components (Isl). Previous studies have shown that the 500-base-pair a sequences flanking the two components contain a cis-acting site for inversion. In an attempt to insert a third copy of the alpha 4 gene, the major regulatory gene mapping in the repeats flanking the S component, a fragment containing the alpha 4 gene and an origin of DNA synthesis, was recombined into the thymidine kinase gene mapping in the unique sequences of the L component. The resulting recombinants showed massive rearrangements and deletions mapping in the S component and in the junction between the L and S components. One recombinant (R7023) yielded two isomeric DNA arrangements, a major component consisting of Is and a minor component consisting of Isl. In these arrangements, the genome lacked the gene specifying glycoprotein E and all contiguous genes located between it and the alpha 0 gene in the inverted repeats of the L component. Among the deleted sequences were those encoding an origin of viral DNA synthesis, the alpha 47 gene, and the a sequences located at the junction between the L and S-components. The recombinant grew well in rabbit skin, 143TK-, and Vero cell lines. We conclude that the four unique genes deleted in R7023 are not essential for the growth of herpes simplex virus, at least in the cell lines tested, and that the b sequence of the inverted repeats of the L component also contains cis-acting sites for the inversion of herpes simplex virus DNA sequences.
Misalignment-mediated DNA synthesis errors (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMisalignment-mediated DNA synthesis errorsThomas A. KunkelCite this: Biochemistry 1990, 29, 35, 8003–8011Publication Date (Print):September 4, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 4 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00487a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00487a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views374Altmetric-Citations223LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamics of ternary polymer blends: Disordered, ordered and bicontinuous microemulsion phases (1999)

T. L. Morkved, B. R. Chapman, F. S. Bates, T. P. Lodge, P. Stepanek and K. Almdal, Faraday Discuss., 1999, 112, 335 DOI: 10.1039/A809169B
Utilizing ethanol to produce stabilized brown rice products (1992)

Oil in brown rice is susceptible to hydrolytic and oxidative deterioration, which can lead to off‐odors, off‐flavors, and shortened shelf life. This paper discusses lipolytic hydrolysis and oxidation of kernel oil and methods for stabilizing the oil. An overview of processes in which ethanol is used in liquid and vapor states to stabilize brown rice to lipolytic hydrolysis is presented.
A Miniaturized, Parallel, Serially Diluted Immunoassay for Analyzing Multiple Antigens (2003)

This paper describes a microfluidic immunoassay that is applicable to the parallel determination of multiple analytes and that requires only a few microliters of sample. This assay relies on a microchannel network that achieves serial dilution of analytes; this network replaces manual dilutions employed in traditional immunoassays and enables the analysis of multiple analytes simultaneously. The immunoassay was demonstrated by an analysis of concentrations of antibodies against the HIV viral proteins gp120 and gp41 in human serum.
A Case of Duodenal Carcinoid Tumor Associated with Carcinoma of the Head of the Pancreas (1998)

Abstract: We describe a case of duodenal carcinoid tumor associated with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. The patient was a 77‐year‐old man who was admitted to our hospital with jaundice and pruritus cutaneous. Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas was diagnosed on the basis of findings obtained by abdominal computed tomographic scan and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a protrusive hemorrhagic lesion with a flushed surface and a diameter of about 1 cm in the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb. On May 25, 1996, pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. On histopathological examination, this carcinoma of the pancreatic head was found to be a well‐differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Immunohisto‐chemically, the protrusive lesion in the duodenal bulb stained positive for chromogranine and IMSB and was slightly positive for S‐100 protein. It was also slightly positive on Grimelius staining and negative on Masson‐Fontana staining. These findings led to a diagnosis of carcinoid tumor arising from the anterior intestinal line.
Effect of indium composition on GaInNAsSb solar cells grown by atomic hydrogen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2009)

We focus to develop a technique to accurately control the compositions of GaInNAsSb films as a function of In molar fraction grown by atomic hydrogen-assisted RF molecular beam epitaxy (H-MBE). Secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis shows that the N composition decreases monotonically with increasing In composition from 0 to 17%. The Sb composition also decreases with increasing In composition. The PL intensity of GaInNAsSb films increases by a factor of 2.3 - 2.5 for small In composition of 5 - 13% and the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) is also improved. However, any higher In compositions degrade the PL intensity and FWHM is broadened. The internal quantum efficiency characteristics for GaIn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> AsSb solar cells (x = 0, 0.045, 0.1, and y = 0.015 ~ 0.016) are improved by the introduction of In, and redshift of the absorption edge by 60 ~ 80 nm is obtained. The filtered current density > 870 nm is increased by adding In to GaNAsSb from 4.9 (In = 0%) to 6.2 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (In = 10%), respectively.
The Comparative Effects of Recombinant Hirudin (CGP 39393) and Standard Heparin on Thrombus Growth in Rabbits (1990)

The aim of this study was to compare the ability of standard heparin and recombinant (r-)hirudin, a specific inhibitor of thrombin, to inhibit thrombus growth in a rabbit jugular vein model. Doses of standard heparin and r-hirudin equivalent in prolonging the aPTT were first identified. The ability of these doses to inhibit 125I-fibrin accretion onto preexisting thrombi was then evaluated. 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg of standard heparin and 0.8 and 1.25 mg/kg of r-hirudin infused over 3 h produced a mean prolongation of the aPTT of 1.5 and 2 times, respectively. In saline treated rabbits 62 +/- 7 micrograms of 125I-fibrin were accreted on the pre-formed thrombi. The lower doses of standard heparin and r-hirudin produced a 125I-fibrin accretion of 44 +/- 5 and 25 +/- 4 micrograms, respectively (p less than 0.01). The two higher doses of standard heparin and r-hirudin produced a 125I-fibrin accretion of 34 +/- 4 and 17 +/- 3 micrograms, respectively (p less than 0.01). The increase in the dose of standard heparin up to 2.5 mg/kg produced a 125I-fibrin accretion of 26 +/- 3 micrograms a 58% reduction when compared with saline. The increase in the dose of r-hirudin up to 5 mg/kg produced a 125I-fibrin accretion of 12 +/- 2 micrograms, an 81% reduction when compared with saline. No further inhibition was observed when the doses of both agents were further increased. We conclude that doses of standard heparin and r-hirudin equivalent in prolonging the aPTT have a different effect on thrombus growth inhibition, r-hirudin being twice as effective as standard heparin. Exclusive inhibition of thrombin without any other inhibiting effect on blood coagulation appears to be sufficient to inhibit thrombus growth. Our results seem to be promising in view of a clinical evaluation of r-hirudin.
High Affinity, Developability and Functional Size: The Holy Grail of Combinatorial Antibody Library Generation (2011)

Since the initial description of phage display technology for the generation of human antibodies, a variety of selection methods has been developed. The most critical parameter for all in vitro-based approaches is the quality of the antibody library. Concurrent evolution of the libraries has allowed display and selection technologies to reveal their full potential. They come in different flavors, from naïve to fully synthetic and differ in terms of size, quality, method of preparation, framework and CDR composition. Early on, the focus has mainly been on affinities and thus on library size and diversity. Subsequently, the increased awareness of developability and cost of goods as important success factors has spurred efforts to generate libraries with improved biophysical properties and favorable production characteristics. More recently a major focus on reduction of unwanted side effects through reduced immunogenicity and improved overall biophysical behavior has led to a re-evaluation of library design.
The Mechanochemical Formation of Functionalized Semiconductor Nanoparticles for Biological, Electronic and Superhydrophobic Surface Applications (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Alkyl Functionalized Silicon Particles with Superhydrophobic Properties Conclusion
Development of Envelope Protein Antigens To Serologically Differentiate Zika Virus Infection from Dengue Virus Infection (2017)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus that can cause birth defects and neurologic complications. Molecular tests are effective for diagnosing acute ZIKV infection, although the majority of infections produce no symptoms at all or present after the narrow window in which molecular diagnostics are dependable. Serology is a reliable method for detecting infections after the viremic period; however, most serological assays have limited specificity due to cross-reactive antibodies elicited by flavivirus infections. Since ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) widely cocirculate, distinguishing ZIKV infection from DENV infection is particularly important for diagnosing individual cases or for surveillance to coordinate public health responses. Flaviviruses also elicit type-specific antibodies directed to non-cross-reactive epitopes of the infecting virus; such epitopes are attractive targets for the design of antigens for development of serological tests with greater specificity. Guided by comparative epitope modeling of the ZIKV envelope protein, we designed two recombinant antigens displaying unique antigenic regions on domain I (Z-EDI) and domain III (Z-EDIII) of the ZIKV envelope protein. Both the Z-EDI and Z-EDIII antigens consistently detected ZIKV-specific IgG in ZIKV-immune sera but not cross-reactive IgG in DENV-immune sera in late convalescence (>12 weeks postinfection). In contrast, during early convalescence (2 to 12 weeks postinfection), secondary DENV-immune sera and some primary DENV-immune sera cross-reacted with the Z-EDI and Z-EDIII antigens. Analysis of sequential samples from DENV-immune individuals demonstrated that Z-EDIII cross-reactivity peaked in early convalescence and declined steeply over time. The Z-EDIII antigen has much potential as a diagnostic antigen for population-level surveillance and for detecting past infections in patients.
Private Indentures for Life Service in Peace and War 1278–1476 (1994)

Acknowledgements 5 Abbreviations 6 Introduction 9 Editorial Note 34 Private Indentures for Life Service in Peace and War 1278–1476 Index
White pitch deposition and styrene-butadiene- rubber binder content in paper mill process waters (2006)

In order to investigate the mechanisms behind white pitch deposition in actual mill environments we developed two program-monitoring techniques: A spectrophotometric method for styrene-butadiene-rubber qualification and an acoustic technique. We are able to access the mechanisms by using these techniques.
Influence of lipase and/or emulsifier addition on the ileal and faecal nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed diets containing 4% animal fat (2004)

Abstract Information on the addition of lipase and/or emulsifiers to less digestible or saturated fat sources, such as tallow or other animal fats, used in swine feeding is very limited. Therefore, in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, the effects of adding lipase (0.05% L5, microbial source) and/or an emulsifier (0.3% Lysoforte) on the apparent ileal (AID) and faecal (AFD) digestibility of the main nutrients and fatty acids in particular were studied with four ileal‐cannulated growing pigs (female, initial live weight 20 kg) fed diets containing barley/soybean meal supplemented with 4% animal fat. The fat source contained 35% saturated (S) and 65% unsaturated (U) fatty acids. All diets were free of antibacterial substances (antibiotics, copper sulphate or zinc oxide beyond requirements), in order to avoid interactions between the parameters studied and the gut flora. Lipase addition did not affect the AID or AFD of fat. However, the digestibility of minor fatty acids (C6:0, C14:0) was significantly improved by lipase at both ileal and faecal level. On the other hand, lipase supplementation ( P &lt; 0.05) improved the AID of dry matter (DM) and energy as well as the AFD of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ash and energy. Addition of an emulsifier did not have any significant influence on the AID or AFD of fat, while the AID values of DM, OM, CP and energy as well as the AFD values of DM, OM, CP and ash were significantly ( P &lt; 0.05) improved. Adding lipase in combination with an emulsifier to the diets decreased ( P &lt; 0.05) the AID and AFD of fat, with minor effects on the AID and AFD of the non‐fat components of the diet. The lack of improvement in the digestion of fat by exogenous lipase and/or emulsifier may be related to the rather high U/S ratio (0.65:0.35) of the animal fat source used and to the mode of incorporation of the emulsifier (no pre‐dispersion in the fat source). Furthermore, during the trial the diets, stored at room temperature, showed a steady increase in their content of free fatty acids (to more than 700 g kg −1 fat), due to endogenous lipase activity, leaving less room for upgrading the digestion of animal fat by exogenous lipase and/or emulsifier. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Pelvic Bone Fracture with Bladder Rupture (2013)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the injury mechanism of pelvic bone fracture and injury type and treatment of bladder rupture associated with pelvic bone fracture. Materials and Methods: From September 2002 to February 2011, we treated pelvic bone fracture with bladder rupture in 56 cases with minimal follow up of one year. Each of the 56 cases was classified into groups depending on the mechanism of pelvic fracture (Young classification) and the aspect of bladder rupture (intraperitoneal rupture, extraperitoneal rupture, combined rupture) after which the relationship between the two aspects was analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were a total of 56 cases where bladder ruptures occurred in association with pelvic bone fractures; 34 patients were men and 22 patients were women. The average age was 58.2 years (range: 19-84). Traffic accidents were the main cause of pelvic bone fractures with bladder ruptures in 41 cases. The main injury mechanism was lateral compression, and pubic ramus fractures occurred in 38 cases (67.9%). Regarding the classifications of bladder ruptures, there were 17 cases of intraperitoneal rupture, 37 cases of extraperitoneal rupture, and two cases of combined rupture. Operations were performed on all cases of intraperitoneal and combined rupture and on six cases of extraperitoneal rupture. Conclusion: Lateral compression was the most common injury of bladder rupture in pelvic bone fracture. Bladder ruptures occurred even in cases where the displacement of pelvic bones was not severe and also in cases of low energy injury.