gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The glucose-phosphorylating capacity of liver as measured by three independent assays. Implications for the mechanism of hepatic glycogen synthesis. (1986)

In the fasted to fed transition liver glycogen derives mainly from gluconeogenic precursors. Why glucose is not used efficiently as a direct precursor of glycogen has become a controversial issue, in part because of disagreement over the question of how well liver can phosphorylate glucose under conditions prevailing postprandially. To try to resolve the matter the relative merits of two recently described assays, one spectrophotometric (A), the other isotopic (B), for monitoring rates of glucose phosphorylation in the high speed supernatant fraction of liver have been rigorously evaluated. A third method, also isotopic (C), was developed for use with unfractionated as well as fractionated liver homogenates. Using fasted rats and mice from different nutritional backgrounds the glucose-phosphorylating capacity of liver extracts was measured and compared with rates of hepatic glycogen synthesis observed during refeeding. Two of the assays (A and C) provided reliable data at all concentrations of glucose tested (5-100 mM), while method B exhibited shortcomings at lower substrate concentrations. The results clearly establish that in both rats and mice the ability of the liver to phosphorylate glucose at physiological concentrations is sufficient to support only 25-30% of postprandial glycogen synthesis. A limited capacity for glucose phosphorylation probably accounts for the fact that two-thirds of glycogen synthesized with refeeding after a fast is formed by the indirect (gluconeogenic) pathway.
Mouse Models of Human Neurodegenerative Disorders (2005)

Central nervous system diseases constitute a major target for drug development. Transgenic mouse models, in which genes identified in familial forms of human brain diseases are expressed in mouse neurons and glia, offer opportunities to detect and follow pathologic progression and provide potential biomarkers by which to assess therapeutic interventions. Evidence for Alzheimer disease suggests some starting requirements for the experimental data that could enhance the likelihood of developing medications in these mouse models that would also be effective in humans.
Bioactivity studies of the individual ingredients of the Dashamularishta. (2004)

The bioactivity studies of the individual ingredients of Dashamularishta--a classical Ayurvedic preparation were done with the aqueous extracts of the individual ingredients. The Aegle marmelos Correa. exhibited severe toxicity to the brine shrimp (BST) nauplii, wheat rootlet growth (WRG) inhibition bioassay and lettuce seed germination (LSG) bioassay. It exhibited no inhibition to the growth of PPR and Reo virus in vero cell line. The Oroxylum indicum exhibited moderate toxicity to the BST and WRG, but it is not toxic to the LSG. It exhibited no inhibition to the growth of PPR and Reo virus. The Stereospermum suaveolens exhibited severe toxicity to the BST and LSG, but it is not toxic to the WRG. It exhibited total inhibition to the growth of Reo virus, but it has not effect on the PPR virus. The Premna integrifolia showed severe toxicity to the BST, but it was not toxic to the WRG and LSG. It exhibited no inhibition to the growth of PPR and Reo virus. The Gmelina arborea exhibited severe toxicity to the BST and WRG, but it is not toxic to the LSG. It exhibited no inhibition to the growth of PPR and Reo virus. The Solanum xanthocarpum showed mild toxicity to the BST, WRG and LSG. It exhibited 75% inhibition to the growth of Reo virus. The Solanum indicum showed no toxicity to the BST, WRG and LSG. It exhibited 75% inhibition to the growth of PPR virus. The Desmodium gangeticum showed no toxicity to the BST, but moderate toxicity to the WRG and LSG. It exhibited total inhibition to the growth of PPR virus. The Uraria lagopoides showed no toxicity to the BST, WRG and LSG. It exhibited total inhibition to the growth of Reo virus. The Tribulus terrestris showed no toxicity to the BST, but showed moderate toxicity to the WRG and LSG. It exhibited 75% inhibition to the growth of both PPR and Reo virus.
Systemic CD8 T-Cell Memory Response to aSalmonellaPathogenicity Island 2 Effector Is Restricted toSalmonella entericaEncountered in the Gastrointestinal Mucosa (2007)

To better understand the evolution of a systemic memory response to a mucosal pathogen, we monitored antigen-specific OT1 CD8 T-cell responses to a fusion of the SspH2 protein and the peptide SIINFEKL stably expressed from the chromosome of Salmonella enterica and loaded into the class I pathway of antigen presentation of professional phagocytes through the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system (TTSS). This strategy has revealed that effector memory CD8 T cells with low levels of CD62L expression (CD62L(low)) are maintained in systemic sites months after vaccination in response to low-grade infections with Salmonella. However, the CD8 T-cell pool eventually declines. Low numbers of central memory cells surviving after prolonged resting from an antigen encounter can nevertheless reconstitute the systemic effector memory pool in a route-specific recall response to cognate antigens encountered in the gut. Accordingly, populations of CD62L(high) interleukin-7 receptor-positive progenitor central memory cells grafted into naïve mice expand in response to orally administered Salmonella expressing the chromosomal translational fusion of sspH2 and the sequence encoding the SIINFEKL peptide but fail to proliferate following systemic stimulation. Moreover, populations of systemic memory CD8 T cells restricted to Salmonella in oral vaccines selectively expand in response to cognate antigens presented by cells isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Together, these findings have revealed the imprinting of systemic CD8 central memory T-cell recall responses against enteropathogens by MLN. MLN restriction represents a novel mechanism by which systemic CD8 T-cell immunity is confined to periods of high risk for extraintestinal dissemination.
NY-ESO-1 is highly expressed in poor-prognosis multiple myeloma and induces spontaneous humoral and cellular immune responses (2005)

The presence of a metaphase cytogenetic abnormality (CA) is the key negative predictor of outcome in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Gene expression profiling (GEP) of such patients showed increased expression of NY-ESO-1 compared to patients with normal cytogenetics (60% versus 31%; P = .004). NY-ESO-1 was also highly expressed in relapsing MM especially patients with CA (100% versus 60.7%; P < .001). GEP findings were confirmed at the protein level by immunostaining of marrow biopsies for NY-ESO-1. We detected spontaneous NY-ESO-1-specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 33% of patients with NY-ESO-1+ MM, especially in CA patients (9 of 13; 70%), but in none of the NY-ESO-1- patients with MM (n = 27) or healthy donors (n = 21). Spontaneous NY-ESO-1(157-165)-specific T cells (0.2%-0.6% of CD8+ T cells) were found in the peripheral blood of NY-ESO-1+ MM with HLA-A*0201/NY-ESO-1(157-165) tetramers. These NY-ESO-1-specific T cells, when expanded, killed primary MM cells (50% lysis, effector-target [E/T] ratio, 10:1). Our data demonstrate that NY-ESO-1 is frequently expressed in MM with CA and is capable of eliciting spontaneous humoral and T-cell immunity. The pool of NY-ESO-1-specific cytotoxic T cells expands easily on NY-ESO-1 peptide stimulation and is functionally active. NY-ESO-1 should therefore be an ideal tumor target antigen for immunotherapy of patients with poor-prognosis MM.
Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Differentiate into an Endothelial Phenotype, Enhance Vascular Density, and Improve Heart Function in a Rat Cellular Cardiomyoplasty Model (2003)

In vivo administration of syngenic MPCs into a rat model of myocardial infarcted heart was safety demonstrated. Some engrafted cells appeared to differentiate into endothelial cells and loss their smooth muscle phenotype. MPC engraftment might to contribute to the improvement on the cardiac function in such a setting.
String compression algorithms (1982)

This thesis deals with three related problems involving strings, specifically, finding superstrings, the string sequencing problem, and macro compression schemes.
In each section, the author shows several natural variants of the problem at hand to be computationally intractable (i.e., NP-complete). He then suggests a number of approximation algorithms and gives bounds on their performance.
This work is well motivated, competently executed and constitutes an acceptable Ph.D. thesis. Sections of the work have already been accepted for journal publication.
Multiple Sclerosis: New Insights in Pathogenesis and Novel Therapeutics (2011)

Concepts of multiple sclerosis (MS) have shifted from the traditional view of a T cell-mediated, demyelinating disease of the white matter to include a broad range of immunopathogenic mechanisms, axonal damage, and widespread gray matter pathology. The cause of MS remains unknown, but recent epidemiological work has focused on genetic factors; environmental factors such as vitamin D, sunlight, and Epstein-Barr virus; and the controversial theory of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. Revised criteria facilitate making the diagnosis of MS. Emerging therapies are rapidly expanding treatment options, including both parenterally administered and oral medications. Strategies to preserve tissue, promote repair, and restore function are under development, and it is anticipated that they will provide better options for patients with progressive disease.
Extending the Applicability of the Nonlinear Poisson−Boltzmann Equation:  Multiple Dielectric Constants and Multivalent Ions (2001)

A new version of the DelPhi program, which provides numerical solutions to the nonlinear Poisson−Boltzmann (PB) equation, is reported. The program can divide space into multiple regions containing different dielectric constants and can treat systems containing mixed salt solutions where the valence and concentration of each ion is different. The electrostatic free energy is calculated by decomposing the various energy terms into Coulombic interactions so that that the calculated free energies are independent of the lattice used to solve the PB equation. This, together with algorithms that optimally position polarization charges on the molecular surface, leads to a significant decrease in the dependence of the electrostatic free energy on the resolution of the lattice used to solve the PB equation and, hence, to a remarkable improvement in the precision of the calculated values. The Gauss−Seidel algorithm used in the current version of DelPhi is retained so that the new program retains many of the optimization features of the old one. The program uses dynamic memory allocation and can easily handle systems requiring large grid dimensionsfor example a 3003 system can be conveniently treated on a single SGI R12000 processor. An algorithm that estimates the best relaxation parameter to solve the nonlinear equation for a given system is described, and is implemented in the program at run time. A number of applications of the program are presented.
Inhibition of P-fimbriated Escherichia coli adhesion by multivalent galabiose derivatives studied by a live-bacteria application of surface plasmon resonance (2007)

Measurement of bacterial adhesion by SPR is an efficient way to characterize the adhesion of whole bacterial cells and allows the characterization of the inhibitory potency of adhesion inhibitors under dynamic flow conditions. Under these conditions, multivalency increases the anti-adhesion potency of galabiose-based inhibitors of P-fimbriated E. coli adhesion and provides a promising approach for the design of high-affinity anti-adhesion agents.
Detection of DNA fragmentation in apoptosis: application of in situ nick translation to cell culture systems and tissue sections. (1993)

Since DNA fragmentation is a key feature of programmed cell death (PCD) and also occurs in certain stages of necrosis, we have adapted the methodology of in situ nick-translation (ISNT) to detect DNA fragmentation on a single-cell level. We first established the technique for cell preparations. Apoptosis was induced by gamma-irradiation on freshly isolated rat thymocytes. After fixation procedures, ISNT was performed by overnight incubation either with fluorescein-12-dUTP or with digoxigenin-labeled 11-dUTP and DNA polymerase I. The enzymatic incorporation of labeled nucleotides at sites of DNA fragmentation was detected by flow cytometry either directly or indirectly with fluorescein-conjugated anti-digoxigenin. The quantitative results demonstrated close correlation with morphological essays for apoptosis, DNA gel electrophoresis, and ISNT. Proliferating cells determined by bromodeoxyuridine immunofluorescence were not labeled by ISNT. Immunocytochemistry for cell surface antigens in combination with ISNT allowed the identification of specific cell types undergoing PCD. Furthermore, the simultaneous application of photolabeling techniques with ethidium monoazide and ISNT led to the identification of DNA fragmentation in cells with still intact membranes. Extending ISNT to tissue sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded material reliably revealed labeling of cells with typical morphological features of apoptosis. However, this technique was not useful in detecting early stages of necrotic cell death.
Use and Abuse of HOMA Modeling (2004)

Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method for assessing beta-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) from basal (fasting) glucose and insulin or C-peptide concentrations. It has been reported in >500 publications, 20 times more frequently for the estimation of IR than beta-cell function. This article summarizes the physiological basis of HOMA, a structural model of steady-state insulin and glucose domains, constructed from physiological dose responses of glucose uptake and insulin production. Hepatic and peripheral glucose efflux and uptake were modeled to be dependent on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Decreases in beta-cell function were modeled by changing the beta-cell response to plasma glucose concentrations. The original HOMA model was described in 1985 with a formula for approximate estimation. The computer model is available but has not been as widely used as the approximation formulae. HOMA has been validated against a variety of physiological methods. We review the use and reporting of HOMA in the literature and give guidance on its appropriate use (e.g., cohort and epidemiological studies) and inappropriate use (e.g., measuring beta-cell function in isolation). The HOMA model compares favorably with other models and has the advantage of requiring only a single plasma sample assayed for insulin and glucose. In conclusion, the HOMA model has become a widely used clinical and epidemiological tool and, when used appropriately, it can yield valuable data. However, as with all models, the primary input data need to be robust, and the data need to be interpreted carefully.
Hairpin-comb filters for HTS and other narrow-band applications (1997)

The folded half-wavelength resonators in hairpin-comb filters all have the same orientation, whereas the orientations of the resonators in conventional hairpin-filters alternates. Hairpin-comb filters are shown to have attractive properties for design of compact, narrow-band filters such as are often desired for high-temperature-superconductivity (HTS) and other applications. The results obtained from two- and four-resonator trial HTS-filter designs are discussed. The filters are seen to have very strong stopbands, and their computed and measured performance are found to be in very good agreement.
Step-up switching-mode converter with high voltage gain using a switched-capacitor circuit (2003)

A new circuit is proposed for a steep step-up of the line voltage. It integrates a switched-capacitor (SC) circuit within a boost converter. An SC circuit can achieve any voltage ratio, allowing for a boost of the input voltage to high values. It is unregulated to allow for a very high efficiency. The boost stage has a regulation purpose. It can operate at a relatively low duty cycle, thus avoiding diode-reverse recovery problems. The new circuit is not a cascade interconnection of the two power stages; their operation is integrated. The simplicity and robustness of the solution, the possibility of getting higher voltage ratios than cascading boost converters, without using transformers with all their problems, and the good overall efficiency are the benefits of the proposed converter.
Induction of endonuclease-mediated apoptosis in tumor cells by C-nitroso-substituted ligands of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. (1992)

6-Nitroso-1,2-benzopyrone and 3-nitrosobenzamide, two C-nitroso compounds that inactivate the eukaryotic nuclear protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase [NAD+:poly(adenosine diphosphate D-ribose) ADP-D-ribosyltransferase, ADPRT, EC 2.4.2.30] at one zinc-finger site, completely suppressed the proliferation of leukemic and other malignant human cells and subsequently produced cell death. Tumoricidal concentrations of the drugs were relatively harmless to normal bone marrow progenitor cells and to superoxide formation by neutrophil granulocytes. The cellular mechanism elicited by the C-nitroso compounds consists of apoptosis due to DNA degradation by the nuclear calcium/magnesium-dependent endonuclease. This endonuclease is maintained in a latent form by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, but inactivation of ADPRT by C-nitroso drugs derepresses the DNA-degrading activity. ADPRT is thus identified as a critical regulatory enzyme component of a DNA-binding multiprotein system that plays a central function in defining DNA structures in the intact cell.
Production of O3, NO, and N2O in a Pulsed Discharge at 1 Atm (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduction of O3, NO, and N2O in a Pulsed Discharge at 1 AtmKevin G. Donohoe, Fredrick H. Shair, and Oliver R. WulfCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1977, 16, 2, 208–215Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160062a006https://doi.org/10.1021/i160062a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Genetically Encoded Stealth Nanoparticles of a Zwitterionic Polypeptide-Paclitaxel Conjugate Have a Wider Therapeutic Window than Abraxane in Multiple Tumor Models (2020)

Small-molecule therapeutics demonstrate suboptimal pharmacokinetics and bioavailability due to their hydrophobicity and size. One way to overcome these limitations-and improve their efficacy-is to use "stealth" macromolecular carriers that evade uptake by the reticuloendothelial system. Although unstructured polypeptides are of increasing interest as macromolecular drug carriers, current recombinant polypeptides in the clinical pipeline typically lack stealth properties. We address this challenge by developing new unstructured polypeptides, called zwitterionic polypeptides (ZIPPs), that exhibit "stealth" behavior <i>in vivo</i>. We show that conjugating paclitaxel to a ZIPP imparts amphiphilicity to the polypeptide chain that is sufficient to drive its self-assembly into micelles. This in turn increases the half-life of paclitaxel by 17-fold compared to free paclitaxel, and by 1.6-fold compared to the nonstealth control, i.e., ELP-paclitaxel. Treatment of mice bearing highly aggressive prostate or colon cancer with a single dose of ZIPP-paclitaxel nanoparticles leads to near-complete eradication of the tumor, and these nanoparticles have a wider therapeutic window than Abraxane, an FDA-approved taxane nanoformulation.
Rapid evolution of human immunodeficiency virus strains with increased replicative capacity during the seronegative window of primary infection (1996)

The relationship between host and virus was examined during the initial stages of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection in a volunteer from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). The individual was asymptomatic and unaware of his infection during an initial donation of blood and inguinal lymphoid tissue. Proviral DNA, however, was present in cells from both sources, HIV RNA was detected in the plasma, and CD4+ cell levels were reduced by approximately 50% compared with previous donations in the MACS. In a second blood donation 12 days later, plasma HIV RNA increased 200-fold in tandem with viral isolates with an increased growth phenotype in vitro. HIV burden was ultimately suppressed upon seroconversion and the emergence of HIV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These observations provide further evidence that the potential benefits of early treatment may be maximized during the early stages of infection, when viral fitness may be low but is unopposed by immune responses.
Modal wave-front reconstruction with Zernike polynomials and Karhunen–Loève functions (1996)

Modal wave-front reconstruction by use of Zernike polynomials and Karhunen–Loève functions from average slope measurements with circular and annular apertures is discussed because of its practical applications in astronomy. A new error source, referred to as the remaining error, is formulated theoretically and evaluated numerically. The total reconstruction error is found to be the sum of the uncompensated wave-front residual error, the measurement error, and the remaining error. Numerical calculation shows that modal wave-front reconstruction with atmospheric Karhunen–Loève functions results in a smaller residual error than with Zernike polynomials.
Novel Bicyclic Nucleoside Analogue (1S,5S,6S)-6- Hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-1-(uracil-1-yl)-3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane:  Synthesis and Incorporation into Oligodeoxynucleotides (2001)

The novel bicyclic nucleoside (1S,5S,6S)-6-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-1-(uracil-1-yl)-3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane [2'-deoxy-1'-C,4'-C-(2-oxapropano)uridine] (15), expected to be restricted into an O4'-endo furanose conformation, was synthesized from the known 1-(3'-deoxy-beta-D-psicofuranosyl)uracil 5. The phosphoramidite derivative of 15 was successfully incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides using standard methods, and thermal denaturation studies showed moderate decreases in duplex stabilities of -2.1 and -1.5 degrees C per modification toward complementary DNA and RNA, respectively.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy of Lateral Branch Neurotomy for Chronic Sacroiliac Joint Pain (2012)

The treatment group showed significant improvements in pain, disability, physical function, and quality of life as compared with the sham group. The duration and magnitude of relief was consistent with previous studies, with current results showing benefits extending beyond 9 months.