gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Animal Model That Mimics Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture (1998)

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the main cause of coronary thrombosis and myocardial infarcts. Currently, there is no animal model of plaque disruption. We have developed a rabbit model in which an atherosclerotic plaque can be ruptured at will after an inflatable balloon becomes embedded into the plaque. Furthermore, the pressure needed to inflate the plaque-covered balloon may be an index of overall plaque mechanical strength. The thoracic aorta of hypercholesterolemic rabbits underwent mechanical removal of endothelial cells, and then a specially designed balloon catheter was introduced into the lumen of the thoracic aorta. As early as 1 month after catheter placement, atherosclerotic plaque formed around the indwelling balloon. The plaques were reminiscent of human atherosclerotic lesions, in terms of cellular composition, patterns of lipid accumulation, and growth characteristics. Intraplaque balloons were inflated both ex vivo and in vivo, leading to plaque fissuring. The ex vivo strategy is designed to measure the mechanical strength of the surrounding plaque, while the in vivo scenario permits an analysis of the plaque rupture consequences, eg, thrombosis. In addition, our model allows local delivery of various substances into the plaque. The model can be used to study the pathogenesis of plaque instability and to design plaque stabilization therapy.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for titration of Haemophilus influenzae capsular and O antigen antibodies (1980)

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was elaborated for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies against capsular and O antigens of Haemophilus influenzae. Purified capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide were used as antigens, with optimal coating concentrations being about 50 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively. The antibody content was expressed as the highest serum dilution (-log10) showing an absorbance of 0.2 above the background level. The titers of hyperimmune sera (reference sera) ranged between 5 and 7 -log10. The sensitivity of the method was about 80 ng/ml with regard to anticapsular antibodies and 3 to 5 ng/ml with regard to anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies. For detection of antibodies against capsular polysaccharide in sera obtained after primary immunization, ELISA was about 100-fold more sensitive than the indirect hemagglutination assay, whereas in hyperimmune sera, ELISA was about 10-fold more sensitive than the indirect hemagglutination assay. The sensitivity of ELISA for detecting anticapsular antibodies after primary and booster immunizations was 50-fold higher than that of the bactericidal assay using capsulated bacteria, whereas the sensitivity of the two methods was the same when hyperimmune sera were tested. ELISA performed with lipopolysaccharide as the antigen was about 50- and 150-fold more sensitive than the complement fixation and bactericidal assays tested with noncapsulated variants after primary injection and hyperimmunization, respectively.
Biomarker Discovery in Pre–Type 1 Diabetes; Th40 Cells as a Predictive Risk Factor (2019)

Considering the differences found in relation to prediabetic Th40 cell level, it may be possible to devise methods that more accurately predict who will proceed toward diabetes and, possibly, indicate prediabetic stage.
Freeze texturing of food materials by ice-nucleation with the bacterium Erwinia ananas. (1986)

We propose a new process for freeze texturing using Erwinia ananas cells as heterogeneous ice nuclei. The bacterial cells, when added to isotropic aqueous dispersions or hydrogels of proteins and polysaccharides, converted the bulk water into directional ice crystals at a subzero temperature of not lower than -5°C, with formation of anisotropically textured products. Raw egg white, bovine blood, soybean curd, milk curd, aqueous dispersions or slurries of soybean protein isolate, hydrogel of agar, corn starch paste, and hydrogels of glucomannan and calcium-bridged glucomannan were used as materials to be textured. These were each mixed with a small mass of the bacterial cells and slowly cooled to -5°C in an air bath. The frozen materials were vacuum-dried before setting the resulting textures by steaming for 2min at 1 atm if necessary, forming flake-like textures. Slicing the textured products at right angles to the lamellas of the flakes gave fibrous products.
Prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Coyotes (Canis latrans) and Experimental Infections of Coyotes with Neospora caninum (1996)

Antibodies to Neospora caninum were detected in 5 (10%) of 52 coyotes from Texas. Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were detected in 32 (62%) of 52 samples from these same coyotes. Four (80%) of the 5 coyotes that were seropositive for N. caninum also had antibodies to T. gondii. Nineteen (37%) of the coyotes did not have antibodies to either parasite. Three coyote pups were inoculated with the brains from mice infected with 3 strains of N. caninum originally isolated from dogs. None of the pups developed neosporosis or excreted N. caninum oocysts in their feces. The pups developed anti-N. caninum antibody titers of > or = 1:800 but did not develop antibodies to T. gondii. Results of this study indicate that antibodies to T. gondii are more common than antibodies to N. caninum in coyotes. Additionally, young coyotes appear to be resistant to experimental N. caninum infection.
Binding of Clostridium difficile toxin A to human milk secretory component (1998)

Toxigenic Clostridium difficile is isolated from a majority of healthy human infants. The exact mechanism of asymptomatic colonisation is unclear; however, previous studies in this laboratory have shown that components of both the immunoglobulin and non-immunoglobulin fractions of human milk bind to toxin A and prevent its interaction with hamster intestinal brush border membranes (BBMs). Secretory IgA (sIgA) is the primary immunoglobulin found in human milk. As sIgA resists digestion in the infant stomach and passes at high levels into the colon, its ability to bind toxin A was the subject of this investigation. Purified sIgA in concentrations at and below those found in human milk inhibited the binding of toxin A to purified BBM receptors. Heating sIgA to 100 degrees C for 5 min did not affect its inhibitory activity. IgM, IgG and serum IgA did not appreciably inhibit the binding of toxin A to BBM receptors. SDS-PAGE separated sIgA into three major bands: secretory component, heavy chains and light chains. Autoradiography with radiolabelled toxin A revealed that toxin A bound to the secretory component (SC) of sIgA. When the three purified subunits of sIgA were coated on to microtitration wells, SC bound significantly more toxin A than the heavy or light chains of sIgA. Purified SC also inhibited toxin binding to receptors in a dose-dependent fashion similar to sIgA. The heavy and light chains of sIgA did not inhibit toxin A receptor binding. Removing carbohydrates from sIgA and SC by enzymic digestion showed that toxin A binds much less to deglycosylated SC than to glycosylated SC. These data suggest that SC in human milk binds to toxin A and may function as a receptor analogue, protecting human infants against C. difficile-associated disease.
Cross-priming CD8+ T cells by targeting antigens to human dendritic cells through DCIR (2010)

We evaluated human CD8(+) T-cell responses generated by targeting antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) through various lectin receptors. We found the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-containing DC immunoreceptor (DCIR) to mediate potent cross-presentation. A single exposure to a low dose of anti-DCIR-antigen conjugate initiated antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell immunity by all human DC subsets including ex vivo-generated DCs, skin-isolated Langerhans cells, and blood myeloid DCs and plasmacytoid DCs. The delivery of influenza matrix protein (FluMP) through DCIR resulted in expansion of FluMP-specific memory CD8(+) T cells. Enhanced specific CD8(+) T-cell responses were observed when an antigen was delivered to the DCs via DCIR, compared with those induced by a free antigen, or antigen conjugated to a control monoclonal antibody or delivered via DC-SIGN, another lectin receptor. DCIR targeting also induced primary CD8(+) T-cell responses against self (MART-1) and viral (HIV gag) antigens. Addition of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist enhanced DCIR-mediated cross-presentation as well as cross-priming, particularly when combined with a CD40 signal. TLR7/8 activation was associated with increased expansion of the primed CD8(+) T cells, high production of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, and reduced levels of type 2-associated cytokines. Thus, antigen targeting via the human DCIR receptor allows activation of specific CD8(+) T-cell immunity.
Chronic Inflammation and Amyloidogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease -- Role of Spirochetes1 (2008)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with dementia, brain atrophy and the aggregation and accumulation of a cortical amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta). Chronic bacterial infections are frequently associated with amyloid deposition. It had been known from a century that the spirochete Treponema pallidum can cause dementia in the atrophic form of general paresis. It is noteworthy that the pathological hallmarks of this atrophic form are similar to those of AD. Recent observations showed that bacteria, including spirochetes contain amyloidogenic proteins and also that Abeta deposition and tau phosphorylation can be induced in or in vivo following exposure to bacteria or LPS. Bacteria or their poorly degradable debris are powerful inflammatory cytokine inducers, activate complement, affect vascular permeability, generate nitric oxide and free radicals, induce apoptosis and are amyloidogenic. All these processes are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Old and new observations, reviewed here, indicate that to consider the possibility that bacteria, including several types of spirochetes highly prevalent in the population at large or their persisting debris may initiate cascade of events leading to chronic inflammation and amyloid deposition in AD is important, as appropriate antibacterial and antiinflammatory therapy would be available to prevent dementia.
An Eight Channel Interference Cancellation System (2006)

This paper describes the design and performance of an eight channel interference cancellation unit (ICU) operating in the 150-175 MHz frequency band. The system is able to actively cancel eight arbitrarily spaced interfering signals by up to 40 dB. It has an excellent ability to cancel closely spaced interfering signals exhibited by the fact that the signal of interest (SOI) is attenuated by only 3 dB when the interfering signal is 250 Hz away. When all eight active cancelling channels are operating, a SINAD of at least 22 dB is achieved when each SOI has an input power level of -110 dBm. The ICU is now in production and being installed in US Coast Guard sites as part of the Rescue 21 program
Revocable Quantum Timed-Release Encryption (2015)

Timed-release encryption is a kind of encryption scheme in which a recipient can decrypt only after a specified amount of time T (assuming that we have a moderately precise estimate of his computing power). A revocable timed-release encryption is one where, before the time T is over, the sender can “give back” the timed-release encryption, provably loosing all access to the data. We show that revocable timed-release encryption without trusted parties is possible using quantum cryptography (while trivially impossible classically). Along the way, we develop two proof techniques in the quantum random oracle model that we believe may have applications also for other protocols. Finally, we also develop another new primitive, unknown recipient encryption , which allows us to send a message to an unknown/unspecified recipient over an insecure network in such a way that at most one recipient will get the message.
Modification of a polystyrene brush layer by insertion of poly(methyl methacrylate) molecules (2009)

The ability to tune the wetting behavior of poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) on a polystyrene (PS) brush by insertion of hydroxyl-terminated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-OH) was demonstrated. The brush properties before and after insertion of PMMA-OH were studied with goniometry, ellipsometry, near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The initial PS brush served as a barrier to the grafting of PMMA onto the substrate. The amount of PMMA that could penetrate through the PS brush barrier and graft onto the substrate depended on the initial PS brush thickness. As a result, the PS:PMMA ratio in the final composite brush, and therefore the brush wetting properties, could be carefully controlled. The final composition also depended on the grafting sequence of the brush molecules. This may offer a generalized approach for fabricating neutral brush surfaces without requiring the synthesis of specific random copolymers.
Modulation of Non-Templated Nucleotide Addition by Taq DNA Polymerase: Primer Modifications that Facilitate Genotyping (1996)

Taq DNA polymerase can catalyze non-templated addition of a nucleotide (principally adenosine) to the 3' end of PCR-amplified products. Recently, we showed that this activity, which is primer-specific, presents a potential source of error in genotyping studies based on the use of short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Furthermore, in reviewing our data, we found that non-templated nucleotide addition adjacent to a 3' terminal C is favored and that addition adjacent to a 3' terminal A is not. It was clear, however, that features of the template in addition to the 3' terminal base also affect the fraction of product adenylated. To define consensus sequences that promote or inhibit product adenylation, we transplanted sequences between the 5' ends of the reverse primers of markers that are adenylated and those of markers that are not adenylated. It proved difficult to identify a single sequence capable of protecting the products of all markers from non-templated addition of nucleotide. On the other hand, placing the sequence GTTTCTT on the 5' end of reverse primers resulted in nearly 100% adenylation of the 3' end of the forward strand. This modification or related ones (called "PIG-tailing") should facilitate accurate genotyping and efficient T/A cloning.
Differential expression of a cysteine-rich domain in the amino-terminal propeptide of type II (cartilage) procollagen by alternative splicing of mRNA. (1990)

Type II collagen, like other fibrillar collagens, is synthesized as a procollagen containing amino (NH2)-and carboxyl (COOH)-terminal extension peptides. Based on cDNA cloning of human (Baldwin, C. T., Reginato, A. M., Smith, C., Jimenez, S. A., and Prockop, D. J. (1989) Biochem. J. 262, 521-528) and rat (Kohno, K., Martin, G. R., and Yamada, Y. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 13668-13673) type II procollagen, it was concluded that much of the NH2-terminal propeptide seen in pro-alpha 1(I) was missing. Analysis of human genomic clones for type II collagen revealed an additional exon encoding a 69-amino acid cysteine-rich domain in the NH2-terminal propeptide. This exon (exon 2) is expressed in the mRNA population of chondrocytes isolated from human fetal skeleton and notochord, juvenile costal cartilage, and bovine articular cartilage. Oligonucleotide probes spanning specific exon boundaries were used to detect two populations of procollagen mRNA by Northern blot analysis. Amplification of cDNA templates using polymerase chain reaction provided direct evidence for two distinct pro-alpha 1(II) collagen mRNAs. DNA sequence analysis showed that the two mRNAs resulted from the alternative splicing of exon 2. The protein domain encoded by exon 2 is conserved between the fibrillar collagens and two other extracellular matrix proteins, thrombospondin and von Willebrand factor. In fibrillar collagens, this protein domain may play a regulatory role in fibrillogenesis and feedback inhibition of collagen biosynthesis. Consequently, the differential expression of this protein domain could alter the biosynthesis or fibril formation of type II collagen. In addition, the expression of exon 2 may be a marker for a distinct population of chondrocytes.
Antibodies for Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection (2014)

Antibodies for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) have been demonstrated to be effective in the research and clinical environments. Early uncertainties about molecular and treatment modalities now appear to have converged upon the systemic dosing of mixtures of human IgG1. Although multiple examples of high-potency monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) exist, significant difficulties were initially encountered in their discovery. This minireview describes historical and contemporary MAbs and highlights differences between the most potent MAbs, which may offer insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of CDI.
DRIVER WORKLOAD ASSESSMENT OF ROUTE GUIDANCE SYSTEM DESTINATION ENTRY WHILE DRIVING: A TEST TRACK STUDY (1998)

This study examined destination entry while driving with four commercially available route guidance systems. Three of the systems involved various visual-manual demands while the fourth involved voice input and output. Cellular phone dialing and radio tuning were included as comparison tasks. Test participants drove an instrumented passenger car, accompanied by an experimenter, on a 7.5 mile multilane test track with light traffic. Results indicated that, on average, all three systems with visual-manual methods of destination entry were associated with lengthier completion times, longer eyes-off-road-ahead times, longer and more frequent glances to the device, and greater numbers of lane exceedences than the voice system. However, the voice system was associated with substantially longer and more frequent glances away from the road scene to a containing destination information. Performance differences between younger and older test participants tended to be reduced with the voice system. Regardless of system, the destination entry task took substantially longer to complete than 10-digit cellular telephone dialing or radio tuning to a specific frequency. Voice recognition technology appears to be a viable alternative to manual destination entry while driving but other subtle safety issues remain and are discussed. For the covering abstract see IRRD E102946.
Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of erythema, papules, pustules, and severe flushing consistent with rosacea. (2006)

We report a case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with facial erythema, papules, pustules, and severe flushing consistent with rosacea. The patient had failed standard pharmacologic treatments. The patient's flushing was so severe that she had undergone an elective sympathectomy. She received 6 sessions of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA as Levulan Kerastick, Dusa Pharmaceuticals) given at 2-week intervals. Improvement was evident after the second treatment and was considered "excellent" after the sixth treatment. Improvement continued and no flares were observed 1 month after the final treatment.
Glutamate pharmacology and the treatment of schizophrenia: current status and future directions (1995)

Glutamate-containing neuronal terminals are ubiquitous in the central nervous system and their functional importance in mental activity is considerable. Therefore, the involvement of this neurotransmitter in the pathology of schizophrenia is being studied. Biochemical evidence has suggested that glutamatergic transmission may be regionally reduced in schizophrenia, although this evidence has never been completely consistent nor fully replicable. More striking has been the behavioral effects in humans of the antiglutamatergic drugs phencyclidine (PCP) and its congener ketamine. By historical report, PCP produces a 'schizophrenia-like' psychosis in normal humans and aggravates the psychosis in schizophrenics. More recently, ketamine has been shown to produce a mild psychotomimetic effect in normal volunteers, which has some schizophrenia-like features. We have studied the effects of ketamine in schizophrenic patients. Here, ketamine intensified each patient's specific underlying psychosis, an effect not blocked by haloperidol. Moreover, ketamine selectively increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the anterior cingulate cortex and reduced CBF in hippocampus and lingual gyrus. These data may be pertinent to the subject's psychosis exacerbation, especially because both cingulate and hippocampus have been previously implicated in schizophrenic psychosis. In addition, ketamine produced a distinctive dynamic time-course of regional CBF changes in different anatomic regions, with immediate (5-10 min) changes in cingulate, but somewhat more delayed changes (20-40 min) in the thalamus and cerebellum. Our immediate early gene (IEG) time-course data with c-fos and zif268 in rats following PCP suggest that a single dose of this antiglutamatergic compound can have an effect in some brain areas which lasts beyond 48 h, an effect which is distinct by IEG and by region. Together, these data suggest that glutamate-mediated neurotransmission has a strong influence in schizophrenia, although the specifics of this involvement have yet to be articulated.
The Lotus Notes idea book (1995)

From the Publisher:
Making the leap from knowing the features of Notes to understanding the true breadth of its capabilities is one of the most important steps on the way to using Notes effectively. In The Lotus Notes Idea Book experts Jeff Kovel, Kent Quirk, and Jay Gabin have brought together a collection of applications that showcase Notes' flexibility, depth, and the way in which it can transform many different kinds of companies and businesses. If you're thinking about Notes but not sure what it can do for you, this book will give you real-life examples of what other companies have done. If you already have Notes, it will expand your horizons and show you some of the most creative and interesting Notes applications in use today. The Lotus Notes Idea Book takes you from small-group applications that are appropriate for small teams to highly complex, enterprise-wide applications that serve thousands of users in several locations. This book describes the evolution and implementation of each application, paying special attention to the creative and innovative way they make use of the features that are unique to Notes. If you're interested in making the most out of your investment in Notes, The Lotus Notes Idea Book is for you.
Molecular cloning of a new bombesin receptor subtype expressed in uterus during pregnancy (1992)

The homology screening approach has been used to clone a new member of the guanine-nucleotide-binding-protein-coupled receptor superfamily from guinea pig uterus. The cloned cDNA encodes a 399-amino-acid protein and shows the highest amino acid similarity to members of the bombesin receptor family; 52% and 47% similarity to the gastrin-releasing-peptide (GRP) receptor and the neuromedin-B receptor, respectively. Binding experiments with the stably transfected LLC-PK1 cell line expressing the new receptor protein confirmed the bombesin-like nature of the cloned receptor. The relative order of ligand affinity, GRP = neuromedin C much greater than neuromedin B, suggests that the cloned cDNA represents the GRP subtype rather than the neuromedin-B subtype of bombesin receptors. Northern-blot analysis of mRNA species from several guinea-pig tissues showed that the mRNA for the new bombesin receptor subtype is expressed mainly in uteri of pregnant animals.
Monoclonal antibodies versus reverse transcription‐PCR for detection of respiratory viruses in a patient population with respiratory tract infections admitted to hospital (2004)

the combination of immunological and molecular assays is the most sensitive approach to the diagnosis of respiratory viral infections; and infections caused by the less investigated hCoVs and hMPVs represent a fair proportion of respiratory infections.