gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Witsenhausen–Wyner Video Coding (2011)

Inspired by Witsenhausen and Wyner's 1980 (now expired) patent on “interframe coder for video signals,” this paper presents a Witsenhausen-Wyner video codec, where the motion-compensated previously decoded video frame is used at the decoder as side information for joint decoding. Specifically, we replace predictive Inter coding in H.264/AVC by the syndrome-based coding scheme of Witsenhausen and Wyner, while keeping the Intra and Skip modes of H.264/AVC unchanged. We employ forward motion estimation at the encoder and send the motion vectors to help generate side information at the decoder, since our focus is not on low-complexity encoding. We also examine the tradeoff between the motion vector resolution and coding efficiency. Within the Witsenhausen-Wyner coding mode, we optimize the decision between syndrome coding and entropy coding among different discrete cosine transform (DCT) bands and among different bit-planes within each DCT coefficient. Extensive simulations of video transmission over wireless networks show that Witsenhausen-Wyner video coding is more robust against channel errors than H.264/AVC. The price paid for enhanced error-resilience with Witsenhausen-Wyner coding is a small loss in compression efficiency.
Diversity antennas for portable telephones (2003)

The design of high-performance built-in diversity antennas are described for two types of portable telephones: over-the-shoulder and handheld type telephones. First, the fundamental characteristics of a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) are presented. This type of antenna was chosen as the diversity antenna element for its compactness. The diversity antennas for the over-the-shoulder telephone are described. Location optimization yields an average correlation coefficient of 0.25 and an average gain of -2.9 dBd in carrying. Next, the diversity antennas for the handheld telephone are presented. Experimental results show that even a 0.1-wavelength separation provides an average correlation coefficient of less than 0.5. The PIFA element location is also optimized to give an average gain of -6.8 dBd in speaking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biodegradationin vitro and retention in the rabbit eye of crosslinked poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) hydrogel as a vitreous substitute (1998)

To elucidate the relatively short retention of crosslinked poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) hydrogels in the eye when used as potential vitreous substitutes, a 14C-labeled hydrogel was produced and subjected to both in vitro biodegradation assays and in vivo experiments. The polymer was synthesized by the free-radical copolymerization of 99% 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone with 1% 14C-methyl methacrylate in the presence of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (0.1%) as crosslinking agent. The in vitro protocol for assessing the biodegradation included the incubation of hydrogel with hydrolases (trypsin or collagenase), followed by examination of changes in its physical characteristics and by monitoring its residual radioactivity, as well as by detection of possible degradation products. Within the maximum duration of experiments (4 weeks), none of the procedures indicated biodegradation of polymer. The hydrogel was also injected into the vitreous humor of rabbits and followed up to 4 weeks. Residual radioactivity measurements of the vitreous contents indicated that 50% of the polymer was removed by the end of this period. Histopathologic examination revealed cell infiltrates of the mononuclear phagocyte system in both vitreous and retinal tissue. A possible phagocyte-mediated mechanism for the dissipation of hydrogel is discussed.
A special virtual keyboard for disabled computer users (2017)

International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2017, IMECS 2017, Hong Kong, March 15-17, 2017
Of mice and models: improved animal models for biomedical research (2002)

The ability to engineer the mouse genome has profoundly transformed biomedical research. During the last decade, conventional transgenic and gene knockout technologies have become invaluable experimental tools for modeling genetic disorders, assigning functions to genes, evaluating drugs and toxins, and by and large helping to answer fundamental questions in basic and applied research. In addition, the growing demand for more sophisticated murine models has also become increasingly evident. Good state-of-principle knowledge about the enormous potential of second-generation conditional mouse technology will be beneficial for any researcher interested in using these experimental tools. In this review we will focus on practice, pivotal principles, and progress in the rapidly expanding area of conditional mouse technology. The review will also present an internet compilation of available tetracycline-inducible mouse models as tools for biomedical research (http://www.zmg.uni-mainz.de/tetmouse/).
Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of Two Members of Mouse NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc GalNAcα2,6-Sialyltransferase Family, ST6GalNAc III and IV (1999)

Two cDNA clones encoding NeuAcalpha2,3Galbeta1,3GalNAc GalNAcalpha2, 6-sialyltransferase have been isolated from mouse brain cDNA libraries. One of the cDNA clones is a homologue of previously reported rat ST6GalNAc III according to the amino acid sequence identity (94.4%) and the substrate specificity of the expressed recombinant enzyme, while the other cDNA clone includes an open reading frame coding for 302 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence is not identical to those of other cloned mouse sialyltransferases, although it shows the highest sequence similarity with mouse ST6GalNAc III (43.0%). The expressed soluble recombinant enzyme exhibited activity toward NeuAcalpha2, 3Galbeta1, 3GalNAc, fetuin, and GM1b, while no significant activity was detected toward Galbeta1,3GalNAc or asialofetuin, or the other glycoprotein substrates tested. The sialidase sensitivity of the 14C-sialylated residue of fetuin, which was sialylated by this enzyme with CMP-[14C]NeuAc, was the same as that of ST6GalNAc III. These results indicate that the expressed enzyme is a new type of GalNAcalpha2,6-sialyltransferase, which requires sialic acid residues linked to Galbeta1,3GalNAc residues for its activity; therefore, we designated it mouse ST6GalNAc IV. Although the substrate specificity of this enzyme is similar to that of ST6GalNAc III, ST6GalNAc IV prefers O-glycans to glycolipids. Glycolipids, however, are better substrates for ST6GalNAc III.
Efficient stream compaction on wide SIMD many-core architectures (2009)

Stream compaction is a common parallel primitive used to remove unwanted elements in sparse data. This allows highly parallel algorithms to maintain performance over several processing steps and reduces overall memory usage.For wide SIMD many-core architectures, we present a novel stream compaction algorithm and explore several variations thereof. Our algorithm is designed to maximize concurrent execution, with minimal use of synchronization. Bandwidth and auxiliary storage requirements are reduced significantly, which allows for substantially better performance.We have tested our algorithms using CUDA on a PC with an NVIDIA GeForce GTX280 GPU. On this hardware, our reference implementation provides a 3x speedup over previous published algorithms.
Morphine Stimulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Like Signaling in Mouse Retinal Endothelial Cells (2006)

Go/Gi coupled G-protein receptor mediated transactivation is critical in the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Here we show that mu opioid receptor (MOR) transactivates Flk1 and platelet-derived growth factor-beta (PDGF-beta) receptors and its agonist morphine stimulates pro-angiogenic and survival-promoting signaling in mouse retinal endothelial cells (mREC). Morphine stimulates mREC proliferation in a dose dependent fashion and promotes survival to the same extent as vascular endothelial growth factor164 (VEGF164). Morphine stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) and Akt phosphorylation in a time dependent manner like VEGF in mREC. Moreover, analogous to VEGF, morphine stimulates oncogenic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. Morphine as well as VEGF-induced phospho-STAT3 and phospho-Flk1 immunoprecipitated with MOR-associated proteins. In addition morphine also stimulated MOR associated PDGF-beta receptor phosphorylation. Consistent with the relationship between VEGF and MOR we found that VEGF upregulates MOR protein and RNA expression in mREC. These data suggest that MOR associates and transactivates RTKs for Flk1 and PDGF-beta, which may have a compounding effect on angiogenic signaling in endothelium. Therefore, G-Protein coupled receptors including MOR provide novel targets to develop anti-angiogenic agents.
Supporting Cross-Application Contexts with Dynamic User Interface Fusion. (2007)

Abstract: Currently, user interfaces are defined by single applications but workflows may span multiple ones. In the result, users have to work with separated programs in parallel and deal with separated interfaces to fulfill their tasks. In desktop computing with extensive screens, working with several opened windows might not be eligible but bearable. For mobile devices with very restricted interaction capabilities (e. g. scarce screen estate), the limitations of traditional UIs become a barrier. Therefore we argue that not applications but workflows and tasks should be the determinant for the user interface. This paper introduces in the research question about how to identify the user’s current task and focuses on how to reorganize user interfaces across multiple concurrently used applications. 1
Predictive Value of the Short Physical Performance Battery Following Hospitalization in Older Patients (2010)

In older acutely ill patients who have been hospitalized, the SPPB provides important prognostic information. Lower extremity performance-based functional assessment might identify older patients at high risk of poor outcomes after hospital discharge.
Construction, Characterization, and Use of Two Listeria monocytogenes Site-Specific Phage Integration Vectors (2003)

Page 4178, Fig. 1B: the HindIII site, at base pair position 69, indicated as unique in the multiple cloning site (MCS) is not unique.There are two additional HindIII sites in the PSA integrase gene at base pair positions 3244 and 3454 of the pPL2 sequence (GenBank accession no.AJ417449).Hence, there are only 12 unique restriction sites in the pPL2 MCS.
Generation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Cultures for Use in Adoptive Transfer Therapy for Melanoma Patients (2003)

The generation of T lymphocytes with specific reactivity against tumor antigens is a prerequisite for effective adoptive transfer therapies. Melanoma-specific lymphocyte cultures can be established from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by in vitro culture in high levels of IL-2. We have optimized methods for generating melanoma-reactive TIL cultures from small resected tumor specimens. We report a retrospective analysis of 860 attempted TIL cultures from 90 sequential melanoma biopsy specimens from 62 HLA-A2+ patients. Multiple independent TIL derived from a single tumor often exhibited substantial functional and phenotypic variation. Tumor specific activity was detected in TIL from 29 (81%) of 36 patients screened. TIL cultures selected for high activity were generally capable of large numerical expansion using a single round of a rapid expansion protocol. Limited clonal T-cell populations in an oligoclonal TIL culture could confer specific tumor recognition in these highly selected, highly expanded TIL cultures. These methods were efficient at generating TILs suitable for adoptive transfer therapy.
Cellular Localization of Protoporphyrinogen-Oxidizing Activities of Etiolated Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Leaves (Relationship to Mechanism of Action of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibiting Herbicides) (1993)

Seven-day-old, etiolated barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var Post) leaves were fractionated into crude and purified etioplast, microsomal, and plasma membrane (PM) fractions. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) specific activities of crude etioplast, purified etioplast, microsome, and PM fractions were approximately 29, 26, 23, and 12 nmol h-1 mg-1 of protein, respectively. The herbicide acifluorfen-methyl (AFM), at 1 [mu]M, inhibited Protox activity from crude etioplasts, purified etioplasts, microsomes, and PM by 58, 59, 23, and 0% in the absence of reductants. Reductants (ascorbate, glutathione [GSH], dithiothreitol [DTT], and NADPH) individually reduced the Protox activity of all fractions, except that microsomal Protox activity was slightly stimulated by NADPH. Ascorbate, GSH, or a combination of the two reductants enhanced Protox inhibition by AFM, and AFM inhibition of Protox was greatest in all fractions with DTT. NADPH enhanced AFM inhibition significantly only in etioplast fractions. Uroporphyrinogen I (Urogen I) and coproporphyrinogen I (Coprogen I) oxidase activities were found in all fractions; however, etioplast fractions had significantly more substrate specificity for protoporphyrinogen IX (Protogen IX) than the other fractions. Urogen I and Coprogen I oxidase activities were unaffected by AFM in all fractions, and 2 mM DTT almost completely inhibited these activities from all fractions. Diethyldithiocarbamate inhibited PM Protox activity by 62% but had less effect on microsome and little or no effect on etioplast Protox. Juglone and duroquinone stimulated microsomal and PM Protox activity, whereas the lesser effect of these quinones on etioplast Protox activity was judged to be due to PM and/or microsomal contaminants. These data indicate that there are microsomal and PM Protogen IX-oxidizing activities that are not the same as those associated with the etioplast and that these activities are not inhibited in vivo by AFM. In summary, these data support the view that the primary source of high protoporphyrin IX concentrations in AFM-treated plant tissues is from Protogen IX exported by plastids and oxidized by AFM-resistant extraorganellar oxidases.
rhomboid and Star interact synergistically to promote EGFR/MAPK signaling during Drosophila wing vein development (1999)

Genes of the ventrolateral group in Drosophila are dedicated to developmental regulation of Egfr signaling in multiple processes including wing vein development. Among these genes, Egfr encodes the Drosophila EGF-Receptor, spitz (spi) and vein (vn) encode EGF-related ligands, and rhomboid (rho) and Star (S) encode membrane proteins. In this study, we show that rho-mediated hyperactivation of the EGFR/MAPK pathway is required for vein formation throughout late larval and early pupal development. Consistent with this observation, rho activity is necessary and sufficient to activate MAPK in vein primordium during late larval and early pupal stages. Epistasis studies using a dominant negative version of Egfr and a ligand-independent activated form of Egfr suggest that rho acts upstream of the receptor. We show that rho and S function in a common aspect of vein development since loss-of-function clones of rho or S result in nearly identical non-autonomous loss-of-vein phenotypes. Furthermore, mis-expression of rho and S in wild-type and mutant backgrounds reveals that these genes function in a synergistic and co-dependent manner. In contrast, spi does not play an essential role in the wing. These data indicate that rho and S act in concert, but independently of spi, to promote vein development through the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway.
Concise Review: Adult Salivary Gland Stem Cells and a Potential Therapy for Xerostomia (2013)

The ability to speak, swallow, masticate, taste food, and maintain a healthy oral cavity is heavily reliant on the presence of saliva, the hugely important effect of which on our everyday lives is often unappreciated. Hyposalivation, frequently experienced by people receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancers, results in a plethora of symptoms whose combined effect can drastically reduce quality of life. Although artificial lubricants and drugs stimulating residual function are available to ameliorate the consequences of hyposalivation, their effects are at best transient. Such management techniques do not address the source of the problem: a lack of functional saliva-producing acinar cells, resulting from radiation-induced stem cell sterilization. Post-radiotherapy stimulation of cell proliferation only results in improved saliva secretion when part of the tissue has been spared or when the dose to the salivary gland (SG) remains below a certain level. Therefore, stem cell replacement therapy may be a good option to treat radiation-induced hyposalivation. Substantial progress has been made lately in the understanding of cell turnover in the SG, and the recent identification of stem and progenitor cell populations in the SG provides a basis for studies toward development of a stem cell-based therapy for xerostomia. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of SG stem cells and their potential for use in a cell-based therapy that may provide a more durable cure for hyposalivation.
Late gadolinium enhancement of acute myocardial infarction in mice at 7T: Cine‐FLASH versus inversion recovery (2010)

In conclusion, cine-FLASH LGE MRI represents an attractive alternative to IR LGE MRI for infarct size assessment in mice at high field strengths because it provides similar accuracy while being more robust, faster, and less user dependent.
Directed self-assembly of block copolymers in the extreme: guiding microdomains from the small to the large (2013)

The self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) is emerging as a promising route for numerous applications to generate templates and scaffolds for the fabrication of nanostructured materials. Here, we present an overview of recent progress in the directed self-assembly of BCPs with a focus on guiding the assemblies of extreme (small and large) features over large areas. We introduce inorganic-containing hybrid BCPs that enable access to ultra-small feature sizes. To achieve the desired orientation and lateral ordering of the BCP microdomains, we discuss routes that combine top-down (lithographic) processes with the bottom-up self-assembly of BCPs. On the extreme large size scale, high-molecular-weight BCPs and brush-type copolymers are discussed, covering the other extreme of this promising strategy.
Lower Cognitive Performance in Normal Older Adult Male Twins Carrying the Apolipoprotein E 4 Allele (1994)

The apoE epsilon 4 allele may be associated with decreased cognitive function in discordant twin pairs. Our results suggest that epsilon 4 may represent a potential marker for accelerated cognitive aging and such individuals may be at greater risk for development of late-onset Alzheimer dementia or multi-infarct dementia.
Studies on pyrazines.7. The synthesis of 5‐chloropyrazinecarboxylic acid (1982)

Abstract The titled carboxylic acid ( 1 ) was prepared by condensation of 2‐furylglyoxal with aminoacetamide followed by chlorination of the resulting 2‐hydroxy‐5‐(2′‐furyl)pyrazine ( 2 ) and permanganate oxidation. The acid was further converted into methyl ester and 5‐hydroxypyrazinecarboxylic acid.
Pharmacodynamic Effects of Different Aspirin Dosing Regimens in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (2011)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01201785.
Hospital nurses' moral distress and mental health during COVID‐19 (2021)

Little was known about the impact of COVID-19 on nurses' moral distress. We found that nurses' moral distress was associated with the volume of care for infected patients, access to personal protective equipment, and communication from leaders. We found that moral distress was associated with longer-term mental health. Leaders should communicate transparently to decrease nurses' moral distress and the negative effects of global crises on nurses' longer-term mental health.
A read-ahead function in archaeal DNA polymerases detects promutagenic template-strand uracil (1999)

Deamination of cytosine to uracil is the most common promutagenic change in DNA, and it is greatly increased at the elevated growth temperatures of hyperthermophilic archaea. If not repaired to cytosine prior to replication, uracil in a template strand directs incorporation of adenine, generating a G.C --> A.U transition mutation in half the progeny. Surprisingly, genomic analysis of archaea has so far failed to reveal any homologues of either of the known families of uracil-DNA glycosylases responsible for initiating the base-excision repair of uracil in DNA, which is otherwise universal. Here we show that DNA polymerases from several hyperthermophilic archaea (including Vent and Pfu) specifically recognize the presence of uracil in a template strand and stall DNA synthesis before mutagenic misincorporation of adenine. A specific template-checking function in a DNA polymerase has not been observed previously, and it may represent the first step in a pathway for the repair of cytosine deamination in archaea.
DOT1L Inhibition Sensitizes MLL-Rearranged AML to Chemotherapy (2014)

DOT1L, the only known histone H3-lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase, has been shown to be essential for the survival and proliferation of mixed-linkage leukemia (MLL) gene rearranged leukemia cells, which are often resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. To study the functions of DOT1L in MLL-rearranged leukemia, SYC-522, a potent inhibitor of DOT1L developed in our laboratory, was used to treat MLL-rearranged leukemia cell lines and patient samples. SYC-522 significantly inhibited methylation at H3K79, but not H3K4 or H3K27, and decreased the expression of two important leukemia-relevant genes, HOXA9 and MEIS1, by more than 50%. It also significantly reduced the expression of CCND1 and BCL2L1, which are important regulators of cell cycle and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. Exposure of MLL-rearranged leukemia cells to this compound caused cell cycle arrest and promoted differentiation of those cells, both morphologically and by increased CD14 expression. SYC-522 did not induce apoptosis, even at 10 mM for as long as 6 days. However, treatment with this DOT1L inhibitor decreased the colony formation ability of primary MLL-rearranged AML cells by up to 50%, and promoted monocytic differentiation. Notably, SYC-522 treatment significantly increased the sensitivity of MLLrearranged leukemia cells to chemotherapeutics, such as mitoxantrone, etoposide and cytarabine. A similar sensitization was seen with primary MLL-rearranged AML cells. SYC-522 did not affect chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells without MLL-rearrangement. Suppression of DOT1L activity inhibited the mitoxantrone-induced increase in the DNA damage response marker, cH2AX, and increased the level of cPARP, an intracellular marker of apoptosis. These results demonstrated that SYC-522 selectively inhibited DOT1L, and thereby altered gene expression, promoted differentiation, and increased chemosensitivity by preventing DNA damage response. Therefore, inhibition of DOT1L, in combination with DNA damaging chemotherapy, represents a promising approach to improving outcomes for MLL-rearranged leukemia.