gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implications of the Background Radiation for Cosmic Structure Formation (1995)

The CMB is a remarkably distortionless blackbody, and this strongly constrains the amount of energy that can have been injected at high redshift, thereby limiting the role that hydrodynamical amplification can have played in cosmic structure formation. The current data on primary anisotropies (those calculated using linear response theory) provide very strong support for the gravitational instability theory and encouraging support that the initial fluctuation spectrum was not far off the scale invariant form that inflation (and defect) models prefer. By itself, the (low resolution) DMR data allow relatively precise \\sigma_8 normalization factors for density fluctuation spectra and rough information on the large scale slope of the anisotropy power, thereby focussing our attention on a relatively narrow set of viable models. Useful formulae relating the DMR bandpower to \\sigma_8 and post-inflation scalar and tensor power spectra measures are given. Smaller angle data (\\eg SP94, SK94) are consistent with these models, but are not yet powerful enough to select among the possibilities --- and there remains much room for surprises. In spite of foregrounds, future high resolution experiments should be able to allow precise determination of many combinations of the cosmological parameters that define large scale structure formation theories: ... Secondary anisotropies arising from nonlinear structures will be invaluable probes of shorter-distance aspects of structure formation theories.
Hyperresistinemia Is Associated With Coexistence of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes (2008)

Numerous studies have demonstrated that high blood pressure substantially increases the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, we found that serum resistin, an adipocyte- and monocyte-derived cytokine, was positively correlated with several components of the metabolic syndrome, including hypertension in T2DM. To investigate the association of resistin with an etiologic difference among subjects with hypertension with T2DM, hypertension without T2DM, and normotensive T2DM, we analyzed 210 subjects, including 91 with hypertension with T2DM, 55 with hypertension without T2DM, and 64 with normotensive T2DM. Serum resistin level was higher in subjects with hypertension with T2DM, followed by subjects with normotensive T2DM and hypertension without T2DM, irrespective of antihypertensive treatment status (20.9+/-17.6 and 14.0+/-8.9 versus 11.2+/-7.6 ng/mL, respectively; P<0.01). Simple regression analysis revealed that resistin positively correlated with blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: r=0.29, P<0.01; diastolic blood pressure: r=0.21, P<0.05) and intima-media thickness (r=0.27; P<0.05) in patients with T2DM but not in subjects with hypertension without T2DM. Multiple regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, white blood cell counts, and glomerular filtration rate, further revealed that resistin was an independent factor for high blood pressure in patients with T2DM (P<0.05). In vitro gene expression analysis in human coronary endothelial cells revealed that resistin induced fatty acid binding protein, a key molecule of insulin resistance, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. These results suggest that hyperresistinemia would contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in patients with T2DM, significantly linked to vascular complications and cardiovascular events.
Monoterpene Synthases from Grand Fir (Abies grandis) (1997)

Grand fir (Abies grandis) has been developed as a model system for studying defensive oleoresin formation in conifers in response to insect attack or other injury. The turpentine fraction of the oleoresin is a complex mixture of monoterpene (C10) olefins in which (-)-limonene and (-)-alpha- and (-)-beta-pinene are prominent components; (-)-limonene and (-)-pinene synthase activities are also induced upon stem wounding. A similarity based cloning strategy yielded three new cDNA species from a wounded stem cDNA library that appeared to encode three distinct monoterpene synthases. After expression in Escherichia coli and enzyme assay with geranyl diphosphate as substrate, subsequent analysis of the terpene products by chiral phase gas chromatography and mass spectrometry showed that these sequences encoded a (-)-limonene synthase, a myrcene synthase, and a (-)-pinene synthase that produces both alpha-pinene and beta-pinene. In properties and reaction stereochemistry, the recombinant enzymes resemble the corresponding native monoterpene synthases of wound-induced grand fir stem. The deduced amino acid sequences indicated the limonene synthase to be 637 residues in length (73.5 kDa), the myrcene synthase to be 627 residues in length (72.5 kDa), and the pinene synthase to be 628 residues in length (71.5 kDa); all of these monoterpene synthases appear to be translated as preproteins bearing an amino-terminal plastid targeting sequence. Sequence comparison revealed that these monoterpene synthases from grand fir resemble sesquiterpene (C15) synthases and diterpene (C20) synthases from conifers more closely than other monoterpene synthases from angiosperm species. This similarity between extant monoterpene, sesquiterpene, and diterpene synthases of gymnosperms is surprising since functional diversification of this enzyme class is assumed to have occurred over 300 million years ago. Wound-induced accumulation of transcripts for monoterpene synthases was demonstrated by RNA blot hybridization using probes derived from the three monoterpene synthase cDNAs. The availability of cDNA species encoding these monoterpene synthases will allow an understanding of the regulation of oleoresin formation in conifers and will ultimately permit the transgenic manipulation of this defensive secretion to enhance resistance to insects. These cDNAs also furnish tools for defining structure-function relationships in this group of catalysts that generate acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic olefin products.
Beneficial Action of Beraprost Sodium, a Prostacyclin Analog, in Stroke-Prone Rats (1997)

Beraprost sodium is a stable analog of the vasodilator, platelet antiaggregatory eicosanoid, prostacyclin. Experiments were performed to determine whether long-term therapy with beraprost produces vascular protective effects in saline-drinking stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs). Oral beraprost at 30, 100, or 300 micrograms/kg/day starting at 8.4 weeks of age did not affect the progressive increase of systolic blood pressure (measured by tail-cuff plethysmography) in these rats. Additional experiments in SHRSPs, prepared for continuous monitoring of blood pressure by radiotelemetry, revealed that oral beraprost administration reduced mean arterial pressure but that these hypotensive responses were not sustained (< 4 h). In all SHRSPs receiving oral beraprost, proteinuria and cerebrovascular lesions developed. In contrast, continuous subcutaneous infusion of beraprost at 2.8 mg/kg/day from age 8.3-12.3 weeks reduced systolic blood pressure and markedly diminished the development of renal lesions and the occurrence of stroke in saline-drinking SHRSPs. Beraprost at 0.9 mg/kg/day reduced blood pressure less than did 2.8 mg/kg/day and provided partial protection against cerebral and renal lesions after a 4-week infusion period. These results indicate that long-term subcutaneous infusion of beraprost can protect saline-drinking SHRSPs against stroke and renal damage. This effect is not readily dissociated from the ability of beraprost to reduce blood pressure in SHRSPs.
Presentation of exogenous protein antigens on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by dendritic cells: pathway of presentation and regulation by cytokines. (1997)

Several recent studies have shown that dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with soluble proteins can present peptide epitopes derived from these exogenous antigens on major histocompatability complex (MHC) class I molecules and induce an antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. We provide evidence here that DC use macropinocytosis to capture soluble antigens that are then presented on MHC class I molecules. The presentation of an epitope derived from soluble ovalbumin was transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP)-dependent, brefeldin A-sensitive, blocked by inhibitors of proteasomes, and resistant to chloroquine. These data suggest that exogenous antigens access the cytosol of DC and are proccessed for presentation via the same pathway described for conventional MHC class I-restricted cytosolic antigens. Proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduced the efficiency of ovalbumin presentation via this pathway. This reduced presentation was not due to impaired expression of class I molecules because these substances upregulated the cell surface expression of Kb-molecules comparable to levels induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treatment. The addition of IFN-gamma increased ovalbumin presentation even in the presence of TNF-alpha or LPS. These results show that DC might be involved in the cross-priming phenomenon. This could offer the immune system an additional pathway for effective priming of cytotoxic T cells and provide the possibility to activate both CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses.
Transcriptional activator TGV mediates dexamethasone‐inducible and tetracycline‐inactivatable gene expression (1999)

A chemically regulated gene expression system that can be switched on with dexamethasone and switched off with tetracycline was constructed. It is based on a transcriptional activator (TGV) that consists of the Tn10 encoded Tet repressor, the rat glucocorticoid receptor hormone binding domain and the transcriptional activation domain of Herpes simplex virion protein VP16. When stably expressed in transgenic tobacco plants, it mediates dexamethasone-inducible transcription from a synthetic promoter (PTop10) consisting of seven tet operators upstream of a TATA-box. Tetracycline interferes with induction by negatively regulating the DNA-binding activity of the TetR moiety of TGV. The boundaries of the expression window of the TGV-driven PTop10 reach from undetectable levels of the reporter enzyme beta-glucuronidase in the absence of dexa- methasone to induced levels reaching 15-20% of the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter (PCaMV35S). By modifying the sequence of PTop10, we generated a new target promoter (PTax) that is stably expressed over several generations and that can be activated to levels comparable to PCaMV35S, while yielding only slightly elevated background activities.
纤维增强聚氨酯拉挤复合材料：II.工艺参数对机械和耐热性能的影响 (1993)

本文提出了一种制造拉挤聚氨酯(PU)复合材料新颖的工艺。研究了工艺参数对纤维增强PU拉挤复合材料的机械性能(如弯曲强度、弯曲模量等)和耐热性能(热变形温度,HDT)的影响。这些工艺参数包括牵引速率(模内线速度),模具温度,填料种类和含量以及后固化时间和温度。研究结果表明,复合材料在不同模具温度下具有不同的最佳牵引速率。以DSC固化曲线为基础可确定溶胀率,复合材科的机械性能和耐热性能,最佳的模具温度。研究发现复合材料的机械性能和耐热性能随着各类填料的含量增加而提高。机械性能在一适宜的后固化温度和时间下也提高。此外,对复合材料的性能在经长时间后固化,由于降解而使性能下降的情况也进行了讨论。
Phosphonoformic acid‐inhibitable nucleotide incorporation as a measure of hepatitis B viral DNA polymerase activity (1983)

This paper describes an assay for hepatitis B DNA polymerase which is based on the use of phosphonoformic acid (PFA), a known inhibitor of the viral enzyme, with particulate fractions prepared from blood plasma or serum. The assay makes possible the measurement of the viral enzyme activity in the presence of DNA polymerases unrelated to hepatitis B. The activities of the latter were largely but incompletely suppressed in the presence of 0.4 M KCl, and they were altogether excluded from nucleotide incorporation which was inhibited by PFA. Thus, particulate fractions obtained from HBsAg-negative blood had mean DNA polymerase activities of 1 +/- 1 (SD) pmol/liter/hr with a lower 90th percentile range of 0-3 pmol/liter/hr. Particulate fractions prepared from blood that was positive for both HBsAg and HBeAg had polymerase activities of 58 +/- 66 pmol/liter/hr with an upper 90th percentile range of 4-322 pmol/liter/hr. PFA concentration was optimized using a commercial preparation of the inhibitor, in which the degree of purity was determined. The method utilizes 3H-labeled deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and is performed on 6 ml of plasma or serum. The effects of precursor concentration and specific activities on the rate of nucleotide incorporation were studied, and the optimal combinations were indicated. Other parameters of the proposed assay were also studied.
GoldenBullet: Automated Classification of Product Data in E-commerce (2002)

Internet and Web technology starts to penetrate many aspects of our daily life. Its importance as a medium for business transactions will grow exponentially during the next years. In terms of the involved market volume the B2B area will hereby be the most interesting area. Also it will be the place, where the new technology will lead to drastic changes in established customer relationships and business models. B2B market places provide new kinds of services to their clients. Simple 1-1 connections are getting replaced by n-m relationships between customers and vendors. However, this new flexibility in electronic trading also generates serious challenges for the parties that want to realize it. The main problem here is caused by the heterogeneity of information descriptions used by vendors and customers. Intelligent solutions that help to mechanize the process of structuring, classifying, aligning, and personalizing are a key requisite for successfully overcoming the current bottlenecks of B2B electronic commerce. In this paper, we describe a system called GoldenBullet that applies techniques from information retrieval and machine learning to the problem of product data classification. The system helps to mechanize an important and labor-intensive task of content management for B2B Ecommerce.
COMET: Content mediator architecture for content-aware networks (2011)

This paper presents the vision of the EU FP7 project COMET (COntent Mediator architecture for content-aware nETworks), which aims at defining a novel content-oriented Internet architecture for simplifying content access and supporting content distribution in the network in a content-aware fashion. The COMET architecture will deal with content as a primitive, facilitating unified access to any type of content regardless of location and way of distribution. It will provide global content naming as well as infrastructure for resolving content names to identifiers required for content access. Moreover, this content-centric approach will take advantage of network, and server awareness, as well as user and content characteristics, in order to improve efficiency of content delivery.
Compound document processing system (2002)

The compound document processing system (CDPS) is a multimedia information system that provides integrated facilities for storage and retrieval of text, pictures and document images. It is based on the probabilistic retrieval model which involves ranking the retrieved records in descending order of their similarity to the user's query. Facilities provided by the system include extracting information from scanned multimedia documents, automatic indexing, sharing information between different devices such as electronic mail, facsimile machine, word processor, text formatter and so on.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
H2O2 induces translocation of APE/Ref‐1 to mitochondria in the Raji B‐cell line (2002)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of respiration and are used as signal transducing intermediates in out-in signaling pathways. ROS are also generated during inflammatory responses and it has been shown that hydrogen peroxide may trigger activation of B-lymphocytes, similar to cross-linking of surface immunoglobulins. On the other hand, both exogenous and endogenous generated ROS are a major source of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. The base excision repair (BER) enzyme APE/Ref-1 normally repairs small nuclear DNA lesion such as oxidized or alkylated bases. It is not clear though whether DNA repair mechanisms able to abolish oxidative damage from nuclear DNA are present into mitochondria too. Here we show by confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis that in the B-lymphocyte Raji cell line a fraction of APE/Ref-1 rapidly re-localizes into mitochondria following H(2)O(2) activation. Targeting of APE/Ref-1 to mitochondria is not associated with cytochrome-c loss or apoptosis induction. These findings indicate that the APE/Ref-1 translocates to mitochondria in response to oxidative stress and thereby it might exert a protective function.
Quantitative multiplex sequence analysis of mutational hot spots. Frequency and specificity of mutations induced by a site-specific ethenocytosine in M13 viral DNA (1993)

We describe an assay for determining the frequency and specificity of mutations occurring at hot spots within a population of DNA molecules. The procedure consists of (a) annealing the DNA population with a labeled oligonucleotide designed to prime DNA synthesis at the mutational hot spot; (b) DNA elongation in the presence of a single dideoxynucleoside triphosphate together with 1-3 deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and (c) quantitation of all limit elongation products by high-resolution gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography and computing densitometry. Derivation of mutational frequency and specificity over a wide range of values is demonstrated for M13 viral DNA mixtures containing defined proportions of wild-type and mutant DNAs, as well as for M13 viral DNA populations obtained by transfection of DNA bearing a defined site-specific ethenocytosine lesion. The assay is shown to yield results similar to those obtained by laborious clone-by-clone sequencing of viral progeny. The method is not affected significantly by several tested variables and appears to be suitable for use as a quantitative assay for sequence microheterogeneity at defined positions within DNA populations. Application of the methodology demonstrates that ethenocytosine, an exocyclic DNA lesion induced by carcinogens such as vinyl chloride and urethane, is a highly efficient mutagenic lesion with a mutational specificity expected for noninstructive lesions.
Tumor-associated membrane sialoglycoprotein on human small cell lung carcinoma identified by the IgG2a monoclonal antibody SWA20. (1988)

A mouse IgG2a monoclonal antibody, SWA20, defining a tumor-associated cell surface antigen on small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCC) was generated. The reactivity of the antibody with cell lines was examined by indirect immunofluorescence staining and solid phase radioimmunoassay and the reactivity with tissues by immunoperoxidase staining. The antibody reacts with a proportion of small cell carcinoma cell lines (4 of 8) and tissues (7 of 12), but not with other pulmonary or extrapulmonary cell lines (0 of 30) or tumor tissues (0 of 78). The antibody was unreactive with primary cultures of normal bronchial epithelial cells, RBC, and WBC. Immunoperoxidase staining of normal tissues showed rare antigen-positive cells in suprabasal layers of bronchial epithelium and less than 10% of positive cells in colon epithelium. Immunoblots of SCC extracts demonstrated antibody reactivity with a doublet band at Mr 40,000, a broader band at Mr 100,000, and a band at Mr 180,000. The antigen was not present in crude lipid extracts of SCC cells. Solid phase radioimmunoassays and immunoblots showed binding competition with the lectin Triticum vulgaris, sensitivity of the antigen to neuraminidase, and a partial sensitivity to treatment with periodate. The antigen was coexpressed on SCC cell lines with the antigen sGP90-135 defined first by antibody LAM8 (R. Waibel, C. J. O'Hara, and R. A. Stahel. Cancer Res., 47:3766-3770, 1987) but differed from it by lack of reactivity with Lea-positive saliva and partial resistance to periodate treatment. There was no binding competition between radiolabeled antibodies SWA20 and LAM8 to SCC target cells. The IgG2a antibody SWA20 identifies a previously undescribed tumor-associated surface membrane antigen, sGP100, expressed selectively on a proportion of SCC.
Comparison of Two Rapid Strip Tests Based on IGFBP-1 and PAMG-1 for the Detection of Amniotic Fluid (2008)

Our objective was to compare two rapid strip tests for the detection of amniotic fluid, based on the detection of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and of placental alpha-microglobulin-1 (PAMG-1). Samples of amniotic fluid were taken in 20 pregnant women between 31 3/7 and 41 2/7 gestational weeks at elective cesarean section before delivery of the newborn. These samples were diluted with 0.9% saline solution in a dilution series down to concentrations of 1:320. Immunoassay strip tests were then compared in their ability to detect remaining concentrations of amniotic fluid. In 5 cases, both test methods showed the same results. In all remaining 15 cases, the test based on PAMG-1 proved to be superior by detecting amniotic fluid at least at one descending concentration below the test based on IGFBP-1. Thus, the rapid strip test based on PAMG-1 seems to be a more sensitive bedside test compared with the test based on IGFBP-1 for the detection of amniotic fluid.
Acceptability of UC781 Gel as a Rectal Microbicide Among HIV-Uninfected Women and Men (2009)

We studied the overall acceptability of UC781 gel formulation when applied rectally. Ten women and twenty-six men, all HIV-uninfected, were enrolled in a Phase 1, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled safety and acceptability study of the vaginal microbicide gel UC781 applied rectally. Participants were randomized to three groups: 0.1% UC781 gel, 0.25% UC781 gel, or a placebo gel. Acceptability was assessed using structured questionnaires and qualitative in-depth interviews. After using UC781 gel rectally for seven consecutive days, participants' reports suggest that a UC781 gel formulation is highly acceptable and comparable to a placebo gel. The gels received favorable ratings overall and on attributes such as color, smell and consistency. All of the participants reported high intentions to use a gel like the one they used in this study. Acceptability research is essential in early phases of microbicide development to identify potential problems, understand user preferences, and introduce changes if needed.
Finite-Volume Methods for Isotachophoretic Separation in Microchannels (2007)

Numerical simulation results are obtained for isotachophoresis (ITP) in two-dimensional (2-D) straight microchannels. This 2-D ITP model is formulated based on finite-volume schemes using five ionic components: one leader, one terminator, two samples, and a counter-ion electrolyte. Distinct mobilities and diffusion coefficients are assigned to all ionic components, and an electric field is maintained along the channel to carry out the electrophoretic separation in the microchannel. The computer model is developed to solve the mass and charge conservation equations and to satisfy electroneutrality condition in the system. Three different finite-volume schemes, power-law, hybrid, and upwind, are tested to obtain the best numerical solution of this nonlinear electrophoretic problem. The normalized standard deviation technique is introduced to evaluate the performance of these three schemes. Numerical results show that the power-law scheme performs better; grid Peclet numbers up to 23 are acceptable for this nonlinear isotachophoresis. The effects of the applied electric potential, ionic mobilities and initial distribution of samples on the separation behavior are also presented.