gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of the secretor-type beta-galactoside alpha 1----2-fucosyltransferase from human serum. (1992)

The secretor-type beta-galactoside alpha 1----2-fucosyltransferase from human serum was purified by hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose, ion-exchange chromatography on sulfopropyl-Sepharose, and affinity chromatography on GDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose. Final purification of the enzyme was achieved by high pressure liquid chromatography gel filtration and resulted in a homogeneous protein as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the radiolabeled protein. The native enzyme appears as a molecule of apparent Mr 150,000 as determined by gel filtration high pressure liquid chromatography. The apparent Mr of the enzyme resolved in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was determined to be 50,000, indicating a multisubunit structure of the enzyme. Secretor-type alpha 1----2-fucosyltransferase is a glycoprotein as determined by WGA binding properties. A comparison of the Mr of the native blood group H gene encoded with the secretor-type beta-galactoside alpha 1----2-fucosyltransferases as well as comparison of subunit Mr for both enzymes suggests structural similarity. The alpha 1----2 linkage formed between alpha-L-fucose and terminal beta-D-galactose by the purified H- and secretor-type alpha 1----2-fucosyltransferases was determined by 1H NMR homonuclear cross-irradiation analysis of the oligosaccharide products. The substrate specificity and Km values calculated from the initial rate using various oligosaccharide acceptors showed that purified enzymes differ primarily in affinity for phenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside and GDP-fucose as well as type 1 (Gal beta 1----3GlcNAc), 2 (Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc), and 3 (Gal beta 1----3GalNAc) oligosaccharide acceptors. The secretor-type alpha 1----2-fucosyltransferase shows significantly lower affinity than the H enzyme for phenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside and GDP-fucose as well as for type 2 oligosaccharide acceptors. On the contrary, type 1 and 3 oligosaccharide acceptors are preferentially utilized by the secretor-type enzyme as compared with the H enzyme. The enzymes also differ in several physicochemical properties, implying nonidentity of the two enzymes (Sarnesto, A., Köhlin, T., Thurin, J., and Blaszczyk-Thurin, M. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 15067-15075).
Sakrale Neuromodulation in der Urologie – Entwicklung und aktueller Stand (2012)

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in urology is employed to treat refractory lower urinary tract dysfunction as well as chronic pelvic pain. Electrical stimulation of the sacral afferents (S2 - S4) causes activation and conditioning of higher autonomic and somatic neural structures and thereby influences the efferents controlling the urinary bladder, the rectum and their related sphincter systems. It is therefore possible to treat overactivity as well as hypocontractility and functional bladder neck obstruction. SNM treatment is conducted biphasically. Initially, test electrodes are placed to evaluate changes in micturition and pain parameters. If, in this first phase - called peripheral nerve evaluation (PNE test) - sufficient improvements are observed, the patient progresses to phase two which involves implantation of the permanent electrodes and impulse generator system. In recent years, the "two stage approach" with initial implantation of the permanent electrodes has been favoured as it increases treatment success rates. Long-term success rates of SNM vary significantly in the literature (50 - 80 %) due to heterogeneous patient populations as well as improved surgical approaches. With the introduction of "tined lead electrodes" (2002), tissue damage is reduced to a minimum. Technical innovation, financial feasibility (reimbursed in Germany since 2004) and wider application, especially in otherwise therapy-refractory patients or complex dysfunctions of the pelvis, have established SNM as a potent treatment option in urology.
Examining task engagement in sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility (2005)

The computer and communication systems that office workers currently use tend to interrupt at inappropriate times or unduly demand attention because they have no way to determine when an interruption is appropriate. Sensor?based statistical models of human interruptibility offer a potential solution to this problem. Prior work to examine such models has primarily reported results related to social engagement, but it seems that task engagement is also important. Using an approach developed in our prior work on sensor?based statistical models of human interruptibility, we examine task engagement by studying programmers working on a realistic programming task. After examining many potential sensors, we implement a system to log low?level input events in a development environment. We then automatically extract features from these low?level event logs and build a statistical model of interruptibility. By correctly identifying situations in which programmers are non?interruptible and minimizing cases where the model incorrectly estimates that a programmer is non?interruptible, we can support a reduction in costly interruptions while still allowing systems to convey notifications in a timely manner.
Levodopa ethylester : A novel rescue therapy for response fluctuations in parkinson's disease (1996)

In Parkinson's disease (PD), response fluctuations may be due, in part, to pharmacokinetic problems including poor solubility of levodopa and difficulties in its absorption. We administered levodopa ethylester (LDEE), a new highly soluble prodrug of levodopa, by subcutaneous and intramuscular injections to PD patients with response fluctuations, in an open trial to examine its safety and efficacy. Various doses of LDEE (150-400 mg) turned patients "on" with a high success rate (43 of 45 injections). Latencies to "turning on" decreased and duration of on responses increased in a dose-dependent manner. LDEE, given either subcutaneously or intramuscularly, produced similar beneficial effects and induced rapid and sustained elevations in plasma levodopa levels. The drug was well tolerated with only minor and negligible side effects. Study suggests that subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of LDEE may be advantageous as a novel therapeutic strategy for response fluctuations. It may be particularly useful to rapidly and predictably res-cue patients from a variety of disabling "off" situations.
韓國の中の 「イルリュ(日流)」 に對する考察 (2008)

本稿は、一九九八年から二00四年にかけて行われた日本大衆文化開放(日本ポピュラ-文化開放)に對する歷史的背景と步みをたどり、日本に流れているハンリュ(韓流)の實體と現狀、韓國に流れているイルリュ(日流)の實體と現狀を調べることにより、日本大衆文化開放がもたらした韓國文化社會への影響や狀況を分析し韓國におけるイルリュという現狀を明らかにすることを目標とした。現在、日本におけるハンリュは樣樣な面から韓國や韓國人に對する肯定的變化をもたらしたことに對して一部分ポジティブな分析もあるが、いまだに日本に廣まっている嫌韓、嫌韓流に對する反感も少なくはない。また、韓國においてのイルリュという言葉もそれほど巷の誰もが分かるようなポピュラ-な言葉として使われているわけではない。ある程度若年層やマニア中心の廣がりを持っているイルリュが韓國文化全般にいかなる影響をおよぼし、これからの韓日交流にポジティブに、あるいはネガティブに動くかいまだに確實ではない。しかし、本硏究を通して一九九八年日本大衆文化開放時の當初の目標であったように、韓國と日本がより良い關係を持って持續的にともに發展するための良きパ-トナシップを强化しないといけないことは確かである。
The Effect of Multiple Internal Reflections on the Densities of Half-tone Prints on Paper* (1953)

The equation relating dot area to half-tone density, when sideways scattering of light takes place in the paper, has been modified to take into account multiple internal reflections. Curves showing the relationship between dot area and density for various ink densities and amounts of first-surface reflectance are given. Callahan’s conclusion that these effects are negligible is not in accordance with the authors’ experience, and the new equations indicate the possibility of densities much higher than the limiting values derived from Callahan’s equations and from our earlier equation which neglected multiple internal reflectance.
Caspase-2 Can Trigger Cytochrome c Release and Apoptosis from the Nucleus (2002)

The cysteine proteases specific for aspartic residues, known as caspases, are localized in different subcellular compartments and play specific roles during the regulative and the executive phase of the cell death process. Here we investigated the subcellular localization of caspase-2 in healthy cells and during the execution of the apoptotic program. We have found that caspase-2 is a nuclear resident protein and that its import into the nucleus is regulated by two different nuclear localization signals. We have shown that in an early phase of apoptosis caspase-2 can trigger mitochondrial dysfunction from the nucleus without relocalizing into the cytoplasm. Release of cytochrome c occurs in the absence of overt alteration of the nuclear pores and changes of the nuclear/cytoplasmic barrier. Addition of leptomycin B, an inhibitor of nuclear export, did not interfere with the ability of caspase-2 to trigger cytochrome c release. Only during the late phase of the apoptotic process can caspase-2 relocalize in the cytoplasm, as consequence of an increase in the diffusion limits of the nuclear pores. Taken together these data indicate the existence of a nuclear/mitochondrial apoptotic pathway elicited by caspase-2.
The Developing Synapse: Construction and Modulation of Synaptic Structures and Circuits (2002)

Synapse formation and stabilization in the vertebrate central nervous system is a dynamic process, requiring bi-directional communication between pre- and postsynaptic partners. Numerous mechanisms coordinate where and when synapses are made in the developing brain. This review discusses cellular and activity-dependent mechanisms that control the development of synaptic connectivity.
Slalom: Fast, Verifiable and Private Execution of Neural Networks in Trusted Hardware (2018)

As Machine Learning (ML) gets applied to security-critical or sensitive domains, there is a growing need for integrity and privacy for outsourced ML computations. A pragmatic solution comes from Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), which use hardware and software protections to isolate sensitive computations from the untrusted software stack. However, these isolation guarantees come at a price in performance, compared to untrusted alternatives. This paper initiates the study of high performance execution of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in TEEs by efficiently partitioning DNN computations between trusted and untrusted devices. Building upon an efficient outsourcing scheme for matrix multiplication, we propose Slalom, a framework that securely delegates execution of all linear layers in a DNN from a TEE (e.g., Intel SGX or Sanctum) to a faster, yet untrusted, co-located processor. We evaluate Slalom by running DNNs in an Intel SGX enclave, which selectively delegates work to an untrusted GPU. For canonical DNNs (VGG16, MobileNet and ResNet variants) we obtain 6x to 20x increases in throughput for verifiable inference, and 4x to 11x for verifiable and private inference.
One-step random mutagenesis by error-prone rolling circle amplification (2004)

In vitro random mutagenesis is a powerful tool for altering properties of enzymes. We describe here a novel random mutagenesis method using rolling circle amplification, named error-prone RCA. This method consists of only one DNA amplification step followed by transformation of the host strain, without treatment with any restriction enzymes or DNA ligases, and results in a randomly mutated plasmid library with 3-4 mutations per kilobase. Specific primers or special equipment, such as a thermal-cycler, are not required. This method permits rapid preparation of randomly mutated plasmid libraries, enabling random mutagenesis to become a more commonly used technique.
Identification and Characterization of a Lysis Module Present in a Large Proportion of Bacteriophages Infecting Streptococcus thermophilus (1999)

A lysis module encoded by the temperate bacteriophage phiO1205 was identified. This lysis module contains a lysin gene, designated lyt51, and two putative holin-encoding genes, designated lyt49 and lyt50. lyt51 encodes a lytic enzyme specifically directed against streptococcal cell walls. Similar to other phage-encoded lysins, Lyt51 appears to have a modular design in which the N-terminal portion corresponds to its enzymatic activity while the C-terminal region is responsible for its substrate binding specificity. The two putative holin-encoding genes, lyt49 and lyt50, located immediately upstream of lyt51, were identified on the basis of their homology to other identified holin-encoding genes. Expression of lyt49 or lyt50 in Escherichia coli was shown to cause cell death and leakage of the intracellular enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase into the growth medium without apparent lysis of the cells. Southern blotting experiments demonstrated that at least one of the three components of the identified lysis module is present in all members of a large collection of bacteriophages, indicating that components of this lysis module are widespread among bacteriophages infecting Streptococcus thermophilus.
Mature Age Engineering Students' Perceptions of Engineering Management (1998)

Engineering management is an important area of undergraduate preparation. With the introduction of engineering and technology degrees via flexible delivery, there are a growing number of mature age engineering students returning to study to upgrade their qualifications. These students offer a new and unique perspective on engineering management - they may have had significant practical experience as a manager/supervisor in an engineering environment. This paper reports on a survey undertaken to better understand the perceptions of mature age engineering students relating to engineering management.
Overexpression of nm23-H4 RNA in colorectal and renal tumours. (2001)

A new member of the nm23 gene family, designated nm23-H4, was cloned recently. Nm23-H4 is a mitochondrial protein. To determine whether nm23-H4 could have a function in tumour progression like nm23-H1 or nm23-H2, we analysed nm23-H4 expression in 18 renal tumours and 42 colorectal carcinomas obtained from patients who underwent curative resection. As compared to the corresponding healthy tissue, 14 renal tumours and 41 colorectal carcinomas showed increased nm23-H4 mRNA expression. While the increase was only moderate in renal cell carcinoma, a strong overexpression of nm23-H4 was noted in most colorectal carcinomas, possibly indicating a role of this gene in tumour genesis. The nm23-H4 transcript levels did not correlate with tumour stage, grade of differentiation or lymph node involvement.
A fluid percussion model of experimental brain injury in the rat (1987)

Fluid percussion models produce brain injury by rapidly injecting fluid volumes into the cranial cavity. The authors have systematically examined the effects of varying magnitudes of fluid percussion injury in the rat on neurological, systemic physiological, and histopathological changes. Acute neurological experiments showed that fluid percussion injury in 53 rats produced either irreversible apnea and death or transient apnea (lasting 54 seconds or less) and reversible suppression of postural and nonpostural function (lasting 60 minutes or less). As the magnitude if injury increased, the mortality rate and the duration of suppression of somatomotor reflexes increased. Unlike other rat models in which concussive brain injury is produced by impact, convulsions were observed in only 13% of survivors. Transient apnea was probably not associated with a significant hypoxic insult to animals that survived. Ten rats that sustained a moderate magnitude of injury (2.9 atm) exhibited chronic locomotor deficits that persisted for 4 to 8 days. Systemic physiological experiments in 20 rats demonstrated that all levels of injury studied produced acute systemic hypertension, bradycardia, and increased plasma glucose levels. Hypertension with subsequent hypotension resulted from higher magnitudes of injury. The durations of hypertension and suppression of amplitude on electroencephalography were related to the magnitudes of injury. While low levels of injury produced no significant histopathological alterations, higher magnitudes produced subarachnoid and intraparenchymal hemorrhage and, with increasing survival, necrotic change and cavitation. These data demonstrate that fluid percussion injury in the rat reproduces many of the features of head injury observed in other models and species. Thus, this animal model could represent a useful experimental approach to studies of pathological changes similar to those seen in human head injury.
Stereoselective C-Glycoside Formation by a Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed 1,4-Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Acetylated Enones Derived from Glycals (2001)

[reaction: see text] A new method for the formation of C-glycosides has been developed employing a cationic rhodium(I)-catalyzed 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to enones derived from glycals. The reaction is stereoselective for the alpha-anomer and is highly dependent on the nature of the rhodium catalyst.
Isolation of a cDNA clone for the murine transplantation antigen H-2Kb. (1982)

A library of cloned cDNAs constructed from the poly(A)+RNA of the murine thymoma cell line EL4 (b haplotype) was screened with a probe encoding a short region of the H-2Kb transplantation antigen. One of the clones isolated, pH202, contains a region that can code for a transplantation antigen with an amino acid sequence 98% homologous to that previously published for H-2Kb. Based on this high degree of homology, pH202 appears to encode the H-2Kb antigen from amino acid 66 through the carboxy terminus, including 386 nucleotides of 3'-untranslated sequence. The amino acid sequence deduced from pH202 suggests that the H-2Kb antigen is actually 2 amino acids longer than previously reported (a total of 348 residues). Four other differences in amino acid assignments are seen. Analysis of the DNA sequences of pH202 and other H-2 clones previously described in the literature suggests that alternative routes of splicing at the 3' end of the coding region are involved in the production of different transplantation antigen mRNAs.
Targeting pandemic influenza: a primer on influenza antivirals and drug resistance (2010)

The emergence of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza A virus, as well as constant antigenic drift of seasonal influenza, underscores the remarkable versatility of this virus in adapting to the human population. While vaccines are the principal public health defence against influenza, rapid vaccine development can be a daunting task. Antiviral drugs offer the promise of inhibiting influenza regardless of its genetic variations. However, the rapid rise of resistance to several antivirals has highlighted the need for developing novel therapeutics with reduced drug resistance potential. In this review, we will summarize the effects of the currently licensed anti-influenza drugs as well as the candidates in development against the seasonal and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza A virus with an emphasis on drug resistance.
9 Translational Control during Heat Shock (1996)

Heat shock or heat stress, i.e., raising the temperature of cells or organisms 5–10°C above their normal growth temperature, is the principal stress system from which most of our understanding of stress-induced translational control has emerged. There are two principal events comprising translational control during heat shock: (1) a general repression of the translation of non-heat shock protein messenger RNAs (referred to here as normal mRNAs) and (2) the preferential translation of a small class of mRNAs, the heat shock protein (HSP) mRNAs. Current knowledge about the molecular basis for each is reviewed in this chapter. Substantial progress has been made in recent years, and there is reason for optimism that where uncertainty remains, molecular details will be forthcoming shortly. A consequence of heat-shock-induced translational reprogramming is the production of massive amounts of the heat shock proteins. These enable cells to survive what would otherwise be lethal heat shock and greatly accelerate recovery of normal cell function following heat shock. This process, termed acquired thermotolerance, has been extensively reviewed elsewhere (Parsell and Lindquist 1993). At the translational level, heat shock proteins are proposed to counteract the repressive influences of heat shock, resulting in less inhibition during heat shock and a more rapid restoration of normal protein synthesis rate after heat shock. This process, termed translational thermotolerance, which is a subset of acquired thermotolerance, is described in more detail below. The preferential translation of HSP mRNAs provides a mechanism for the rapid, massive accumulation of these beneficial proteins under adverse...
Maintenance Treatment with Thalidomide after Autologous Transplantation for Myeloma : First Analysis of a Prospective Randomized Study of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM 99 02). (2004)

Abstract High dose therapy (HDT) supported with autologous stem cell transplantation has been introduced in the management of aggressive myeloma. However, after single or tandem transplantation, almost all patients ultimately relapse. New strategies are required to control any residual disease after HDT. The Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM) initiated a trial designed to evaluate the impact of maintenance treatment with Thalidomide on the duration of response after HDT. From April 2000 to October 2003, 1004 myeloma patients at diagnosis under the age of 65 years were enrolled in the IFM 99 protocol. 780 of them, without or with only one adverse prognostic factor (beta-2 microglobuline &gt;3 mg/l or deletion of chromosome 13), were enrolled in the IFM 99 02 protocol. They were to receive the following treatment: 1) 3–4 cycles of the VAD regimen; 2) a first autologous transplant prepared with Melphalan 140 mg/m2; 3) a second autologous transplant prepared with Melphalan 200 mg/m2. Patients without progressive disease 2 months after the second transplant were randomized to receive: no maintenance treatment (arm A), maintenance treatment with Pamidronate (arm B) or maintenance treatment with Thalidomide and Pamidronate (arm C). As of May 2004, 580 patients (74%) have been randomized: 195 in arm A, 190 in arm B and 195 in arm C. Clinical characteristics of each group were similar. The median follow-up from diagnosis was 26 months (range: 6–50) Thalidomide was found to improve the Progression-free survival (PFS; p&lt;0.007) and the Event-free-survival (EFS; p&lt;0.01). Indeed, the 40-months post-diagnosis probability of PFS was 70% (95% CI= 42–80) in the Thalidomide arm versus 53% (95% CI= 37–65) in arm A, and 52% (95% CI= 36–68) in arm B. Most patients (60%) enrolled in arm A and B received Thalidomide at time of relapse. The overall survival was similar in the 3 treatment groups. Among the 580 randomized patients, 2 factors were found to be associated with a longer EFS : low beta-2-microglobulin at diagnosis (p&lt;0.01) and treatment arm (p&lt;0.01). Deletion of chromosome 13 (FISH analysis) was not related to EFS. In conclusion, the first analysis of the IFM9902 trial strongly suggests that Thalidomide is an effective maintenance treatment after high dose therapy for myeloma. The next analysis (November 2004) will be presented during the meeting.