gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances Involving Palladium (II) Complexes for the Cancer Therapy (2007)

This review deals with the most important results published on the structures, reactivity and biomedical applications of palladium(II) complexes in the cancer therapy in the last five years. Biological mechanisms of palladium(II) complexes, especially of palladacycle compounds were boarded. Among the most recent advances in the studies involving correlations between chemical structures of palladacycle compounds and biological activities we mention i) the synthesis of metallic isomer complexes containing ligands derivatives of pyridine and imines in trans position having high antitumoral activities, ii) the development of cationic complexes with biological activity, iii) the discovery of preferential nucleotides for the intercalation of metallic complexes in the double helix of DNA of cancerous cells, configuring irreparable lesions in the macromolecule and iv) the interaction of metallic complexes with other biological molecules, like proteins and peptides, through terminal amine groups, carboxylate groups, imidazolic group of histidine and mostly with the thiol group of methionine. Some of these interactions are related to drug nefrotoxicity effect, which understanding is of fundamental importance. v) Novel ortho-cyclopalladated compounds synthesized from p-isopropylbenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone have been described with specific cytotoxic properties in tumor cells sensitive to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). The lysosomal cysteine proteinases cathepsins B and L have been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions, especially in diseases involving tissue-remodeling states, such as tumor metastasis. Our research group is studying inhibition of Cathepsin B by new palladacycle compounds derived from N, N-dimethyl-1-phenethylamine and having biphosphine ligands. New palladacycle compounds derived from N,N-dimethyl-1-phenethylamine and the ligand bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene were presented as effective antitumoral agents.
Minimizing cancer’s impact on bone with denosumab: current and future perspectives (2013)

Bone metastasis is a serious complication of advanced cancer. It is most commonly observed in patients with metastatic breast and prostate cancers, but also occurs in most other metastatic solid cancers. Without treatment, patients may experience complications including intractable bone pain, hypercalcemia, fracture, spinal cord compression and/or a requirement for surgical or radiotherapeutic intervention. In 2010, denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits RANK ligand (RANKL) and subsequent osteoclast-mediated bone destruction, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors. This article reviews the role of denosumab in preventing SREs due to bone metastases, treating bone loss due to hormone-ablative cancer therapies, and describes denosumab's safety profile and potential future indications under investigation.
Diagnostic role of tests for T cell receptor (TCR) genes (2002)

Rapid advances in molecular biological techniques have made it possible to study disease pathogenesis at a genomic level. T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement is an important event in T cell ontogeny that enables T cells to recognise antigens specifically, and any dysregulation in this complex yet highly regulated process may result in disease. Using techniques such as Southern blot hybridisation, polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry it has been possible to characterise T cell proliferations in malignancy and in diseases where T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis. The main aim of this article is to discuss briefly the process of TCR gene rearrangement and highlight the disorders in which expansions or clonal proliferations of T cells have been recognised. It will also describe various methods that are currently used to study T cell populations in body fluids and tissue, their diagnostic role, and current limitations of the methodology.
Methanogenic bacteria as endosymbionts of the ciliate Nyctotherus ovalis in the cockroach hindgut (1991)

Production of methane in the hindgut of the cockroach Periplaneta americana was found to vary, depending on the feeding regimen. Methane production was positively correlated with the numbers of the ciliate Nyctotherus ovalis living in the cockroach hindgut. Defaunation of the cockroaches by means of low concentrations of metronidazole (Flagyl) resulted in a quick drop of methane production. Addition of the methanogenic substrates acetate and formate to isolated hindguts stimulated methane production. Inside the ciliate cells, autofluorescing bacteria could be demonstrated which were presumed to be methanogens. Electron microscopy revealed that the bacteria resembled Methanobrevibacter and that they were closely associated with organelles which contained infolded membranes and which were presumably hydrogenosomes.
Network Slicing and Softwarization: A Survey on Principles, Enabling Technologies, and Solutions (2018)

Network slicing has been identified as the backbone of the rapidly evolving 5G technology. However, as its consolidation and standardization progress, there are no literatures that comprehensively discuss its key principles, enablers, and research challenges. This paper elaborates network slicing from an end-to-end perspective detailing its historical heritage, principal concepts, enabling technologies and solutions as well as the current standardization efforts. In particular, it overviews the diverse use cases and network requirements of network slicing, the pre-slicing era, considering RAN sharing as well as the end-to-end orchestration and management, encompassing the radio access, transport network and the core network. This paper also provides details of specific slicing solutions for each part of the 5G system. Finally, this paper identifies a number of open research challenges and provides recommendations toward potential solutions.
Selected Antimicrobial Essential Oils Eradicate Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms (2012)

Biofilms are difficult to eliminate with standard antimicrobial treatments due to their high antibiotic resistance relative to free-living cells. Here, we show that selected antimicrobial essential oils can eradicate bacteria within biofilms with higher efficiency than certain important antibiotics, making them interesting candidates for the treatment of biofilms.
A Novel Role of IL-2 in Organ-Specific Autoimmune Inflammation beyond Regulatory T Cell Checkpoint: Both IL-2 Knockout and Fas Mutation Prolong Lifespan of Scurfy Mice but by Different Mechanisms (2007)

Mutation of the Foxp3 transcription factor in Scurfy (Sf) mice results in complete absence of the CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), severe multiorgan autoimmune syndrome, and early death at 4 wk of age. However, Sf mice simultaneously bearing the Il2-/- (Sf.Il2-/-) or Faslpr/lpr gene (Sf.Faslpr/lpr) have extended lifespan despite totally lacking Tregs, indicating a role of IL-2 and CD95 (Fas) signaling pathways in the multiorgan autoimmune syndrome beyond the Treg checkpoint. IL-2 has been implicated in regulating lymphoproliferation and CD178 (FasL) expression. However, Sf.Il2-/- mice have increased lymphoproliferation and FasL expression. Importantly, the pattern of organ-specific autoimmune response of Sf.Il2-/-mice resembled IL-2 knockout mice whereas that of Sf.Faslpr/lpr was similar to Sf mice, indicating that the distinct and weakened autoimmune manifestation in IL-2 knockout mice was not caused by the residual Tregs. Our study demonstrated a novel role of IL-2 in regulating multiorgan autoimmune inflammation beyond the Treg checkpoint and indicated that both Il2-/- and Faslpr/lpr genes prolong the lifespan of Sf mice but by different mechanisms.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Bioactive Peptides and Peptidomimetics (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTDesign and Synthesis of Novel Bioactive Peptides and PeptidomimeticsRoger M. FreidingerView Author Information Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 26, 5553–5566Publication Date (Web):November 21, 2003Publication History Received25 September 2003Published online21 November 2003Published inissue 1 December 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm030484khttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm030484kreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2277Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amides,Conformation,Conjugate acid-base pairs,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Introduction to modern photogrammetry (2001)

This book is designed to give the reader a strong grounding in the mathematical basis of photogrammetry while introducing them to the related fields, such as remote sensing and digital image processing, which are increasingly important to photogrammetric research and practice.
RnaViz, a program for the visualisation of RNA secondary structure (1997)

RnaViz is a user-friendly, portable, windows-type program for producing publication-quality secondary structure drawings of RNA molecules. Drawings can be created starting from DCSE alignment files if they incorporate structure information or from mfold ct files. The layout of a structure can be changed easily. Display of special structural elements such as pseudo-knots or unformatted areas is possible. Sequences can be automatically numbered, and several other types of labels can be used to annotate particular bases or areas. Although the program does not try to produce an initially non-overlapping drawing, the layout of a properly positioned structure drawing can be applied to a newly created drawing using skeleton files. In this way a range of similar structures can be drawn with a minimum of effort. Skeletons for several types of RNA molecule are included with the program.
Inhibition of lipase production in Propionibacterium acnes by sub-minimal-inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline and erythromycin (1981)

Journal Article Inhibition of lipase production in Propionibacterium acnes by sub‐minimal‐inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline and erythromycin Get access G.F. WEBSTER, G.F. WEBSTER Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania G.F. Webster, Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, 36th St. Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pa. 19104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.J. McGINLEY, K.J. McGINLEY Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Medical Education Building/GM Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.J. LEYDEN J.J. LEYDEN University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 104, Issue 4, 1 April 1981, Pages 453–457, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb15317.x Published: 01 April 1981 Article history Accepted: 29 May 1980 Published: 01 April 1981
Phosphinic Acid Pseudopeptides Analogous to Glutamyl-γ-glutamate:  Synthesis and Coupling to Pteroyl Azides Leads to Potent Inhibitors of Folylpoly-γ-glutamate Synthetase (2001)

Several routes to a complex phosphinate phosphapeptide analogous to the gamma-glutamyl peptide Glu-gamma-Glu have been investigated. Formation of gamma-phosphono glutamate derivatives via addition of a phosphorus-based radical to protected vinylglycine was found to be of limited value because of the elevated temperatures required. Alkylation and conjugate addition reactions of trivalent phosphorus (P(III)) species were investigated. In situ generation of bis-trimethylsilyl esters of phosphinous acids proved to be an effective route to phosphinates of modest structural complexity. However, this chemistry could not be extended to the incorporation of an amino acid moiety at the N-terminal side of the desired phosphinate. A successful synthesis of the target phosphinate phosphapeptide was effected using P(III) chemistry and dehydrohalogenation to yield an alpha,beta-unsaturated phosphinic acid ester, following which conjugate addition of diethylacetamido malonate and acid-mediated hydrolysis afforded the desired phosphinate phosphapeptide. Coupling of the unprotected phosphinate phosphapeptide with two acyl azides derived from folic acid and methotrexate led to the corresponding pteroylphosphapeptides of interest as possible mimics of tetrahedral intermediates in the reaction catalyzed by folylpolyglutamate synthetase.
Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest (2006)

Recent evidence supports the use of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. This article reviews recent published studies and describes the pathophysiology of hypothermia. Nurses need to understand the physiology of hypothermia to provide care for patients receiving therapeutic hypothermia. A suggested protocol is included to help manage the care of these patients.
Performance implications of component crosstalk in transparent lightwave networks (1994)

We find both theoretically and experimentally that crosstalk due to small component imperfections in transparent lightwave networks will tend to generate large performance degradations. The most severe degradations, which arise from interference between signal and crosstalk electric fields, are far larger than those predicted from simple power-addition without field interference. Systems corrupted by crosstalk from a single source of optical-field leakage appear to require component crosstalk levels /spl epsiv//spl les/-20 dB, if conventional receivers are used. Since the degradations are believed to depend on N/spl radic//spl epsiv/, where N is the number of crosstalk generators, each producing a crosstalk power level of /spl epsiv/, the problem is expected to grow rapidly severe with network size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Red Blood Cell Deformability in Human and Experimental Sepsis (1988)

Red blood cell (RBC) "deformability" is necessary for maintenance of normal microcirculation. To determine whether RBC deformability was affected in human or murine sepsis, a deformability index was determined in a human study and a murine model. Deformability was decreased postoperatively in patients with sepsis (0.49 +/- 0.12) compared with patients without sepsis (1.62 +/- 0.13) and normal control volunteers (1.51 +/- 0.17). Deformability was decreased in rats that had undergone cecal ligation and puncture (0.37 +/- 0.06) compared with that of sham-operated rats (0.76 +/- 0.12), as well as in endotoxemic rats (0.38 +/- 0.4) compared with control rats (0.82 +/- 0.11). These data suggest that RBC deformability decreases in both human and murine sepsis. This effect could be an important factor in the disordered oxygen utilization noted in human sepsis, and its correction could lead to better tissue oxygenation and preserved organ function.
Gestures without libraries, toolkits or training: a $1 recognizer for user interface prototypes (2007)

Although mobile, tablet, large display, and tabletop computers increasingly present opportunities for using pen, finger, and wand gestures in user interfaces, implementing gesture recognition largely has been the privilege of pattern matching experts, not user interface prototypers. Although some user interface libraries and toolkits offer gesture recognizers, such infrastructure is often unavailable in design-oriented environments like Flash, scripting environments like JavaScript, or brand new off-desktop prototyping environments. To enable novice programmers to incorporate gestures into their UI prototypes, we present a "$1 recognizer" that is easy, cheap, and usable almost anywhere in about 100 lines of code. In a study comparing our $1 recognizer, Dynamic Time Warping, and the Rubine classifier on user-supplied gestures, we found that $1 obtains over 97% accuracy with only 1 loaded template and 99% accuracy with 3+ loaded templates. These results were nearly identical to DTW and superior to Rubine. In addition, we found that medium-speed gestures, in which users balanced speed and accuracy, were recognized better than slow or fast gestures for all three recognizers. We also discuss the effect that the number of templates or training examples has on recognition, the score falloff along recognizers' N-best lists, and results for individual gestures. We include detailed pseudocode of the $1 recognizer to aid development, inspection, extension, and testing.
Nestin expression and clonal analysis of islet-derived epithelial monolayers: insight into nestin-expressing cell heterogeneity and differentiation potential (2005)

There has over the last several years been renewed interest in developing a system for generating new islets and a search for a self-renewing population in the pancreas. In particular, the neural stem cell marker nestin has been implicated as an islet precursor marker and its immunoreactivity has been localized in the islets of Langerhans. This study examines islet-derived epithelial monolayers expanded ex vivo to provide a source of nestin-expressing progenitor cells--a model that will help us understand the role of nestin-expressing cells in islet cell development. When cultured on a type I collagen gel, islets formed confluent monolayers which lacked endocrine phenotypes but were positive for cytokeratin 20 and contained an increased proportion of proliferating nestin-expressing cells, reaching a maximum of 54+/-10%. Co-expression studies demonstrated that the nestin-positive cells are heterogeneous, with some nestin-expressing cells co-localizing with the transcription factor PDX-1 and glucose transporter type 2 or lack of co-expression with vimentin. When clonal populations of nestin-positive cells were expanded and subjected to a differentiation protocol, only a population that expressed the transcription factor PDX-1 at the mRNA level was capable of re-expressing insulin at the mRNA and protein level. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that expanded nestin-expressing cells in vitro from islet-derived epithelial monolayers are heterogeneous; clonal analysis of nestin-positive cells reveals that a distinct subpopulation of nestin/PDX-1-expressing cells is capable of forming insulin-producing cells.
Specific mutator effects of ung (uracil-DNA glycosylase) mutations in Escherichia coli (1982)

Studies of trpA reversions revealed that G:C leads to A:T transitions were stimulated about 30-fold in E. coli ung mutants, whereas other base substitutions were not affected. A dUTPase (dut) mutation, which increases the incorporation of uracil into DNA in place of thymine, had no significant effect on the rate of G:C leads to A:T transitions. The results support the proposal that the glycosylase functions to reduce the mutation rate in wild-type cells by acting in the repair of DNA cytosine residues that have undergone spontaneous deamination to uracil. Further support was provided by the finding that when lambda bacteriophages were treated with bisulfite, an agent known to produce cytosine deamination, the frequency of clear-plaque mutants was increased an additional 20-fold by growth on an ung host. Bisulfite-induced mutations of the cellular chromosome, however, were about equal in ung+ and ung strains; it was found that during the treatment of ung+ cells with bisulfite, the glycosylase was inactivated.
Caspase-1 Inhibitors from an Extremophilic Fungus That Target Specific Leukemia Cell Lines (2012)

Berkeley Pit Lake, Butte, Montana, is a 540 m deep abandoned open-pit copper mine filled with over 140 billion liters of acidic, metal-sulfate-contaminated water. This harsh environment has yielded several microorganisms that produce interesting biologically active compounds. Several polyketide metabolites including the new berkazaphilones A (1) and B (2) and octadienoic acid derivatives berkedienoic acid (13) and berkedienolactone (15), as well as previously reported azaphilone 4, vermistatin (6), dihydrovermistatin (7), penisimplicissin (8), aldehyde 9, and methylparaconic acid (11), were isolated from a culture broth of Penicillium rubrum taken from a depth of 270 m. The structures of these compounds were deduced by interpretation of spectroscopic data. The compounds were isolated either for their inhibition of the signal transduction enzyme caspase-1 or because of their structural similarity to these inhibitors. Selected compounds were further evaluated for their ability to inhibit interleukin-1β production by inflammasomes in induced THP-1 cells. Berkazaphilones B (2) and C (4) and vermistatin analogue penisimplicissin (8) exhibited selective activity against leukemia cancer cell lines in the National Cancer Institute 60 human cell line assay.
Differential Cellular Internalization of Anti-CD19 and -CD22 Immunotoxins Results in Different Cytotoxic Activity (2008)

B-cell malignancies routinely express surface antigens CD19 and CD22. Immunotoxins against both antigens have been evaluated, and the immunotoxins targeting CD22 are more active. To understand this disparity in cytotoxicity and guide the screening of therapeutic targets, we compared two immunotoxins, FMC63(Fv)-PE38-targeting CD19 and RFB4(Fv)-PE38 (BL22)-targeting CD22. Six lymphoma cell lines have 4- to 9-fold more binding sites per cell for CD19 than for CD22, but BL22 is 4- to 140-fold more active than FMC63(Fv)-PE38, although they have a similar cell binding affinity (Kd, approximately 7 nmol/L). In 1 hour, large amounts of BL22 are internalized (2- to 3-fold more than the number of CD22 molecules on the cell surface), whereas only 5.2% to 16.6% of surface-bound FMC63(Fv)-PE38 is internalized. The intracellular reservoir of CD22 decreases greatly after immunotoxin internalization, indicating that it contributes to the uptake of BL22. Treatment of cells with cycloheximide does not reduce the internalization of BL22. Both internalized immunotoxins are located in the same vesicles. Our results show that the rapid internalization of large amounts of BL22 bound to CD22 makes CD22 a better therapeutic target than CD19 for immunotoxins and probably for other immunoconjugates that act inside cells.