gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanically driven light-generator with high durability (2013)

Mechanically activated luminescence from solids (mechanoluminescence) is a classical optical phenomenon induced in a substance when stressed or cleaved. However, no practical application has been realized due to its low luminescent intensity and lack of reproducibility. We demonstrate highly bright and durable mechanoluminescent flexible composite films with a brightness of ∼120 cd/m2 and durability over ∼100 000 repeated mechanical stresses by using a combination of copper-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu) particles and polydimethylsiloxane. Furthermore, the possibility of mechanoluminescent color-tuning by changing the repetitive stress rate on the composite films is also suggested. These findings can open a window for developing smart systems and opto-mechanical devices.
Developing a second-generation clinical candidate AAV vector for gene therapy of familial hypercholesterolemia (2021)

Gene therapy for hypercholesterolemia offers the potential to sustainably ameliorate disease for life with a single dose. In this study, we demonstrate the combinatorial effects of codon and vector optimization, which significantly improve the efficacy of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-deficient mouse model (<i>Ldlr</i> <sup>-/-</sup>, <i>Apobec1</i> <sup>-/-</sup> double knockout [DKO]). This study investigated vector efficacy following the combination of intervening sequence 2 (IVS2) of the human beta-globin gene and codon optimization with the previously developed gain-of-function, human LDLR triple-mutant variant (hLDLR-L318D/K809R/C818A) in the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). Vector doses as low as 3 × 10<sup>11</sup> genome copies (GC)/kg achieved a robust reduction of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 98% in male LDLR-deficient mice. Less efficient LDL-C reduction was observed in female mice, which was attributable to lower gene transfer efficiency in liver. We also observed persistent and stable transgene expression for 120 days, with LDL-C levels being undetectable in male DKO mice treated with the second-generation vector. In conclusion, codon and vector optimization enhanced transgene expression and reduced serum LDL-C levels effectively at a lower dose in LDLR-deficient mice. The second-generation clinical candidate vector we have developed has the potential to achieve therapeutic effects in HoFH patients.
Star polymers composed entirely of amino acid building blocks: a route towards stereospecific, biodegradable and hierarchically functionalized stars (2010)

Highly functionalized water soluble core cross-linked star (CCS) polymers having degradable cores and hierarchical functionalities spanning from the peripheral groups along the arms to the core have been synthesized entirely from amino acid building blocks. The core-isolated moieties were shown to undergo further reactions, such as click chemistry, as well as being capable of encapsulating water-insoluble drugs.
Performance Characteristics of a Novel Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay For Serum Testosterone (2005)

The sensitivity and specificity of the method are adequate for analysis of Te in samples from women and children. The method requires small sample volumes, has adequate precision, and is not subject to interferences.
A Randomized, Comparative Trial of a Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker (AZD0865) and Esomeprazole for the Treatment of Patients With Nonerosive Reflux Disease (2008)

AZD0865 did not provide clinical benefit over esomeprazole 20 mg in the management of patients with NERD.
Very High Density Sensing Arrays (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVery High Density Sensing ArraysChristopher N. LaFratta and David R. WaltView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 2, 614–637Publication Date (Web):January 30, 2008Publication History Received3 April 2007Published online30 January 2008Published inissue 1 February 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0681142https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0681142research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5461Altmetric-Citations182LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Fibers,Fluorescence,Genetics,Probes,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Novel, ultrasensitive, Q-beta replicase-amplified hybridization assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis (1994)

A sensitive, nonisotopic hybridization assay termed "dual capture" is described. The assay rapidly and specifically detects very low levels of target nucleic acids and organisms. The assay is based on the principles of sandwich hybridization, reversible target capture, and Q-Beta replicase amplification. The assay can be completed in less than 4 h, and in the described model format, it detects Chlamydia trachomatis rRNA or rDNA. Up to 96 samples can be analyzed simultaneously. The assay employs two types of probes: a test-specific capture probe, which mediates the cycling of the target probe complex on and off derivatized magnetic beads, and a replicatable RNA detector molecule containing a sequence complementary to and adjacent to the capture probe site on the target. Following reversible target capture, detection of the signal is accomplished by replication of the detector molecule by Q-Beta replicase in the presence of propidium iodide. A specific assay signal can be detected from as few as 1,000 molecules above the background. In a limited study of 94 urogenital samples the assay detected five of the six culture-positive samples and did not detect the C. trachomatis target in 85 of the 88 culture-negative samples.
Polyol Synthesis of Silver Nanostructures:  Control of Product Morphology with Fe(II) or Fe(III) Species (2005)

Adjusting the concentration of Fe(II) or Fe(III) in the polyol reduction of silver nitrate allows for the production of either nanocubes or nanowires. Reduction by ethylene glycol maintained the iron ions in the reduced Fe(II) form, which in turn reacted with and removed adsorbed atomic oxygen from the surface of silver nanoparticles. Relatively high concentrations (2.2 microM) of iron ions facilitated the growth of multiply twinned seeds to form nanowires by removing oxygen from the surface of twinned seeds and preventing their dissolution by oxidative etching. Lower concentrations (<0.44 microM) of iron ions only partially removed oxygen from the surface, resulting in selective etching of twinned seeds and accelerated formation of single-crystal nanocubes. In each case, the addition of chloride prevented rapid aggregation of seeds and facilitated their growth into discrete nanostructures.
Structure and Function of CRISPR-Cas System (2014)

Adaptive immunity is acquired when foreign substances enter the body. Interestingly, this immune system exists not only higher organisms but also many bacteria. The CRISPR-Cas systems are the bacterial adaptive immune systems against foreign DNA and RNA derived from phages or plasmids. Many bacteria can memorize the sequences of foreign DNA and RNA, and remove them by means of these systems. Structural and functional studies of these systems have dramatically progressed over the past few years. In particular, one of the CRISPR-Cas systems, Cas9, has received considerable attention as a highly efficient tool for genome editing.
Osteoblast-derived PTHrP is a potent endogenous bone anabolic agent that modifies the therapeutic efficacy of administered PTH 1-34 (2005)

Mice heterozygous for targeted disruption of Pthrp exhibit, by 3 months of age, diminished bone volume and skeletal microarchitectural changes indicative of advanced osteoporosis. Impaired bone formation arising from decreased BM precursor cell recruitment and increased apoptotic death of osteoblastic cells was identified as the underlying mechanism for low bone mass. The osteoporotic phenotype was recapitulated in mice with osteoblast-specific targeted disruption of Pthrp, generated using Cre-LoxP technology, and defective bone formation was reaffirmed as the underlying etiology. Daily administration of the 1-34 amino-terminal fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-34) to Pthrp+/- mice resulted in profound improvement in all parameters of skeletal microarchitecture, surpassing the improvement observed in treated WT littermates. These findings establish a pivotal role for osteoblast-derived PTH-related protein (PTHrP) as a potent endogenous bone anabolic factor that potentiates bone formation by altering osteoblast recruitment and survival and whose level of expression in the bone microenvironment influences the therapeutic efficacy of exogenous PTH 1-34.
Flow labelled IP over ATM (2006)

We describe a system in which layer 2 switching is placed directly under the control of layer 3 routing protocols on a hop-by-hop basis. Specifically, ATM switching is controlled by IP. We couple each ATM switch with a general purpose computer running IP routing and management protocols. We define a default ATM virtual channel identifier (VCI) to be used for transmitting IP packets over ATM links. We then define mechanisms which allow specific flows to be transmitted on specific ATM VCIs. The resulting system obeys IP's semantics for routing and forwarding, and takes advantage of ATM's switching hardware to accelerate the forwarding of packets. While this system takes advantage of ATM hardware, the ATM signalling, routing, and management architecture (as specified by the ATM Forum) is replaced by the protocols and practices currently in use for IP routing and management.
Ig alpha and Ig beta are functionally homologous to the signaling proteins of the T-cell receptor. (1994)

Signal transduction by antigen receptors and some Fc receptors requires the activation of a family of receptor-associated transmembrane accessory proteins. One common feature of the cytoplasmic domains of these accessory molecules is the presence is at least two YXXA repeats that are potential sites for interaction with Src homology 2 domain-containing proteins. However, the degree of similarity between the different receptor-associated proteins varies from that of T-cell receptor (TCR) zeta and Fc receptor RIIIA gamma chains, which are homologous, to the distantly related Ig alpha and Ig beta proteins of the B-cell antigen receptor. To determine whether T- and B-cell antigen receptors are in fact functionally homologous, we have studied signal transduction by chimeric immunoglobulins bearing the Ig alpha or Ig beta cytoplasmic domain. We found that Ig alpha and Ig beta cytoplasmic domains were able to activate Ca2+ flux, interleukin-2 secretion, and phosphorylation of the same group of cellular substrates as the TCR in transfected T cells. Chimeric proteins were then used to examine the minimal requirements for activation of the Fyn, Lck, and ZAP kinases in T cells. Both Ig alpha and Ig beta were able to trigger Fyn, Lck, and ZAP directly without involvement of TCR components. Cytoplasmic tyrosine residues in Ig beta were required for recruitment and activation of ZAP-70, but these amino acids were not essential for the activation of Fyn and Lck. We conclude that Fyn and Lck are able to recognize a clustered nonphosphorylated immune recognition receptor, but activation of these kinases is not sufficient to induce cellular responses such as Ca2+ flux and interleukin-2 secretion. In addition, the molecular structures involved in antigen receptor signaling pathways are conserved between T and B cells.
CDK Inhibitors Roscovitine and CR8 Trigger Mcl-1 Down-Regulation and Apoptotic Cell Death in Neuroblastoma Cells (2010)

Neuroblastoma (NB), the most frequent extracranial solid tumor of children accounting for nearly 15% of all childhood cancer mortality, displays overexpression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 in aggressive forms of the disease. The clinical phase 2 drug roscovitine (CYC202, seliciclib), a relatively selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and CR8, a recently developed and more potent analog, induce concentration-dependent apoptotic cell death of NB cells (average IC(50) values: 24.2 µM and 0.4 µM for roscovitine and CR8, respectively). Both roscovitine and CR8 trigger rapid down-regulation of the short-lived survival factor Mcl-1 in the 9 investigated human NB cell lines. This effect was further analyzed in the human SH-SY5Y NB cell line. Down-regulation of Mcl-1 appears to depend on inhibition of CDKs rather than on interaction of roscovitine and CR8 with their secondary targets. CR8 is an adenosine triphosphate-competitive inhibitor of CDK9, and the structure of a CDK9/cyclin T/CR8 complex is described. Mcl-1 down-regulation occurs both at the mRNA and protein levels. This effect can be accounted for by a reduction in Mcl-1 protein synthesis, under stable Mcl-1 degradation conditions. Mcl-1 down-regulation is accompanied by a transient increase in free Noxa, a proapoptotic factor. Mcl-1 down-regulation occurs independently of the presence or up-regulation of p53 and of the MYCN status. Taken together, these results suggest that the clinical drug roscovitine and its novel analog CR8 induce apoptotic tumor cell death by down-regulating Mcl-1, a key survival factor expressed in all NB cell lines. CDK inhibition may thus constitute a new approach to treat refractory high-risk NB.
Early accurate results for advanced analytics on MapReduce (2012)

Approximate results based on samples often provide the only way in which advanced analytical applications on very massive data sets can satisfy their time and resource constraints. Unfortunately, methods and tools for the computation of accurate early results are currently not supported in MapReduce-oriented systems although these are intended for 'big data'. Therefore, we proposed and implemented a non-parametric extension of Hadoop which allows the incremental computation of early results for arbitrary work-flows, along with reliable on-line estimates of the degree of accuracy achieved so far in the computation. These estimates are based on a technique called bootstrapping that has been widely employed in statistics and can be applied to arbitrary functions and data distributions. In this paper, we describe our Early Accurate Result Library (EARL) for Hadoop that was designed to minimize the changes required to the MapReduce framework. Various tests of EARL of Hadoop are presented to characterize the frequent situations where EARL can provide major speed-ups over the current version of Hadoop.
J0405-2-1 Simultaneous Strain and Temperature Measurements using Polarization-maintaining Fiber Bragg Grating by Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (2009)

The distributed strain sensing system with optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) using fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) can measure distributed strain or temperature at an arbitrary position along an FBG with the high spatial resolution. As well as by the ordinary systems, however, strain measured by the sensing system can be influenced by the variation of temperature. In this study, we implemented simultaneous strain and temperature sensing by using PANDA (Polarization-maintaining AND Absorption-reducing) fiber. Through several experiments, we show that this sensing system can be applied to simultaneous distributed strain "and" temperature sensing.
The Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ): development, reliability, and validity. (1997)

The Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ), a structured interview/questionnaire designed to measure illness- and medication-related changes in sexual functioning, is presented with evidence of its validity and reliability. Medical students (n = 122) and psychiatry residents (n = 33) completed the CSFQ on two separate occasions. Residents also completed the Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning-Self-Report (DISF-SR), a reliable, validated measure used in research on sexual functioning in patient populations. Concurrent validity was established between the CSFQ and the DISF-SR and test-retest reliability was high. The CSFQ is a reliable and valid measure of sexual functioning, useful in both clinical and research settings.
Variable region gene analysis of pathologic human autoantibodies to the related i and I red blood cell antigens (1991)

To investigate the molecular basis of the autoimmune response to the related i and I carbohydrate antigens, we studied cold agglutinins (CA) from B-cell clones and from the peripheral circulation of patients with lymphoproliferative syndromes. Sequence analyses of expressed variable region genes indicate that both anti-i and anti-I specificities from B-cell clones from two patients are encoded by the VH4.21 or a very closely related VH4 heavy chain gene, whereas the expressed light chain genes differed. The anti-i-secreting B-cells express unmutated germline-encoded VH4.21 and VKI gene sequences. The VH region gene encoding anti-I has the closest homology (97%) to the VH4.21 germline gene and differs at the protein level by only three amino acids. In contrast, while the VL region gene encoding anti-I is most homologous (96%) to the VKIII, kv328 germline gene, there are seven amino acid differences due to nonrandom replacement mutations, which suggests a role for antigen-mediated selection in the anti-I response of this individual. These studies were extended by a structural survey of 20 additional serum CA using antipeptide antibodies specific for determinants in VH and VL regions. All anti-I and anti-i CA were shown to express VH4 heavy chains, and 14 of 17 CA expressed a previously described VH4 second hypervariable region determinant, termed VH4-HV2a. We also found that 13 of 14 anti-I CA used VKIII light chains, while the anti-i CA used light chains from at least three VL families. Taken together, the data show that anti-i and anti-I CA probably both derive from the VH4.21 gene (or a closely related gene). Furthermore, the restricted VH and different VL gene use in anti-i and anti-I CA may reflect the close structural relationship of the i and I antigens.
Hepoxilin A3 increases vascular permeability in the rat skin. (1991)

We have recently shown that hepoxilins are formed by and act on human neutrophils leading to an increase in intracellular levels of calcium and activation of the release of arachidonic acid and diacylglycerol [6, 9]. Since neutrophil activation and accumulation is involved in the inflammatory process resulting in vascular permeability in the rat skin, we investigated the effects of hepoxilins on this process. Hepoxilins administered s.c. resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent leakage of dye to the extravascular compartment of skin from rats to which Evans Blue had been administered. These results were compared to experiments in which prostaglandin E2 was used. The threshold dose of hepoxilin that elicited an effect reached a level of significance over control within 5 min of administration at the 10 ng dose (139% +/- 7%, n = 6). Similar findings were obtained with prostaglandin E2, the level of significance was reached also at 5 min at the 10 ng dose (177% +/- 7% of control, n = 6). The maximum effect observed for both hepoxilin and prostaglandin E2 was 60 min although this did not differ significantly from 30 min except for the highest dose of PGE2 (100 ng). However, the extent of the effect observed for prostaglandin E2 was greater than that for hepoxilin after longer periods, i.e. at 60 min, the prostaglandin E2 effect being 238% +/- 10% of control, and hepoxilin A3 being 167% +/- 10% of control. These results demonstrate that hepoxilins may participate in inflammatory processes.
Ectopic correction of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency in sparse fur mice. (1990)

The sparse fur (spf) mutant mouse is a model for human X-linked ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. Human OTC cDNA placed under transcriptional control of the mouse OTC promoter was microinjected into fertilized oocytes of spf mice. Two founder lines of transgenic mice were phenotypically and biochemically corrected for OTC deficiency by the expression of the human gene at high levels in the small intestine with little or no expression occurring in the liver. The tissue pattern of expression of transgenic mice bearing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene placed under the control of the mouse OTC promoter parallels these results. These experiments demonstrate that human OTC cDNA is selectively expressed in small bowel by a truncated OTC promoter, and such ectopic expression corrects the spf phenotypic and metabolic features of this inborn error. These data suggest that somatic gene therapy of OTC deficiency can be achieved by intestine-targeted gene transfer.
The Role of BDNF on Neural Plasticity in Depression (2020)

Using behavioral, pharmacological, and molecular methods, lots of studies reveal that depression is closely related to the abnormal neural plasticity processes occurring in the prefrontal cortex and limbic system such as the hippocampus and amygdala. Meanwhile, functions of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the other neurotrophins in the pathogenesis of depression are well known. The maladaptive neuroplastic in depression may be related to alterations in the levels of neurotrophic factors, which play a central role in plasticity. Enhancement of neurotrophic factors signaling has great potential in therapy for depression. This review highlights the relevance of neurotrophic factors mediated neural plasticity and pathophysiology of depression. These studies reviewed here may suggest new possible targets for antidepressant drugs such as neurotrophins, their receptors, and relevant signaling pathways, and agents facilitating the activation of gene expression and increasing the transcription of neurotrophic factors in the brain.
Recent Advances in Hydrogen Storage in Metal‐Containing Inorganic Nanostructures and Related Materials (2004)

Abstract An overview of recent advances in the application of non‐carbonaceous nanostructured and composite materials in hydrogen storage is presented in this review. The main focus is on complex hydrides, non‐graphitic nanotubes, and other porous composite and framework materials, since carbon nanotubes have been the subject of numerous other reviews. Recent advances in the area of alanates show a promising reversible absorption capability of up to 5 %, closing in on the projected Department of Energy (DOE) target of 6 %. Non‐carbon nanotubes mainly showed a sorption capacity of 1–3 wt.‐%, although a promising level of 4.2 wt.‐% is shown by boron nitride nanotubes after collapse of their walls. Other interesting materials included here are lithium nitride and porous metallo‐organic frameworks.