gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E and cancer: An insight into the anticancer activities of vitamin E isomers and analogs (2008)

Current observations in the literature suggest that vitamin E may be a suitable candidate for the adjuvant treatment of cancer. Even though historically most research focused on alpha-tocopherol, more recent evidence suggests that the other isomers of vitamin E (beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols and alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienols) differ in their proapoptotic potencies. The main focus of this communication is the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulated by vitamin E isomers and their analogs during the induction of apoptosis. This review highlights that the mitochondria are the major target for the induction of apoptosis by vitamin E isomers and analogs and that the various signaling pathways regulated by these agents are likely to contribute towards maximizing the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis triggered initially by the mitochondria. Overall, the presentation of recent studies from the literature in this communication allows the drawing of the following important conclusions: (i) no direct link exists between the antioxidant activity of each isomer/derivative and proapoptotic potency, (ii) tocotrienols are more effective proapoptotic agents than tocopherols, (iii) synthetic modifications of the naturally occurring compounds may improve their apoptotic potency and (iv) vitamin E isomers and derivatives regulate caspase-independent pathways of apoptosis. The latter combined with the evidence presented in this review regarding the additive or synergistic anticarcinogenic effects obtained when vitamin E analogs are used in combination with other cancer chemotherapeutic agents, supports further research to design the most promising vitamin E derivatives and clinically test them in adjuvant chemotherapeutic treatments.
RNA: Guiding Gene Silencing (2001)

In diverse organisms, small RNAs derived from cleavage of double-stranded RNA can trigger epigenetic gene silencing in the cytoplasm and at the genome level. Small RNAs can guide posttranscriptional degradation of complementary messenger RNAs and, in plants, transcriptional gene silencing by methylation of homologous DNA sequences. RNA silencing is a potent means to counteract foreign sequences and could play an important role in plant and animal development.
Requirement for p53 and p21 to Sustain G 2 Arrest After DNA Damage (1998)

After DNA damage, many cells appear to enter a sustained arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. It is shown here that this arrest could be sustained only when p53 was present in the cell and capable of transcriptionally activating the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. After disruption of either the p53 or the p21 gene, gamma radiated cells progressed into mitosis and exhibited a G2 DNA content only because of a failure of cytokinesis. Thus, p53 and p21 appear to be essential for maintaining the G2 checkpoint in human cells.
Quantum requirements for growth and fatty acid biosynthesis in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae) in nitrogen replete and limited conditions (2013)

We determined the quantum requirements for growth (1/ϕμ ) and fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis (1/ϕFA ) in the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, grown in nutrient replete conditions with nitrate or ammonium as nitrogen sources, and under nitrogen limitation, achieved by transferring cells into nitrogen free medium or by inhibiting nitrate assimilation with tungstate. A treatment in which tungstate was supplemented to cells grown with ammonium was also included. In nutrient replete conditions, cells grew exponentially and possessed virtually identical 1/ϕμ of 40-44 mol photons · mol C(-1) . In parallel, 1/ϕFA varied between 380 and 409 mol photons · mol C(-1) in the presence of nitrate, but declined to 348 mol photons · mol C(-1) with ammonium and to 250 mol photons · mol C(-1) with ammonium plus tungstate, indicating an increase in the efficiency of FA biosynthesis relative to cells grown on nitrate of 8% and 35%, respectively. While the molecular mechanism for this effect remains poorly understood, the results unambiguously reveal that cells grown on ammonium are able to direct more reductant to lipids. This analysis suggests that when cells are grown with a reduced nitrogen source, fatty acid biosynthesis can effectively become a sink for excess absorbed light, compensating for the absence of energetically demanding nitrate assimilation reactions. Our data further suggest that optimal lipid production efficiency is achieved when cells are in exponential growth, when nitrate assimilation is inhibited, and ammonium is the sole nitrogen source.
Electrocoalescence of drops synchronized by size-dependent flow in microfluidic channels (2006)

The use of microfluidic devices to control drops of water in a carrier oil is a promising means of performing biological and chemical assays. An essential requirement for this is the controlled coalescence of pairs of drops to mix reagents together. We show that this can be accomplished through electrocoalescence of drops synchronized by size-dependent flow in microfluidic channels. Smaller drops move faster due to the Poiseuille flow, allowing pairs of surfactant-stabilized drops to be brought into contact where they are coalesced with an electric field. We apply this method to an enzyme assay to measure enzyme kinetic constants.
Analysis of laser-fired local back surface fields using n/sup +/np/sup +/ cell structures (2003)

In order to investigate our new LFC process for the formation of local contacts on a dielectrically passivated rear surface, we have analyzed n/sup +/np/sup +/ structures processed identically to the standard n/sup +/pp/sup +/ cells except for the doping type of the base material. For these devices the p/sup +/-emitter is formed point-like at the rear surface by Al-alloying during the LFC process. The observation of voltages above 600 mV is a clear proof of the creation of a local Al diffusion. Since a pn-junction is much more decisive for a solar cell than a BSF, the n/sup +/np/sup +/ structures were used to understand the physics of the LFC contact and to optimize the laser parameters resulting in efficiencies of 20% for n/sup +/pp/sup +/ LFC cells in a resistivity range between 0.5 /spl Omega/cm and 10 /spl Omega/cm.
Abstract 2974: Preclinical evaluation of Ozanimod for prostate cancer treatment (2019)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men of United States, after lung cancer. There are various treatment options such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy are availabale for PCa. However, invariably patients develop resistance to these therapies, resulting in the manifestation of aggressive and recurrent PCa. Hence, there is an urgent need for an effective treatment strategy for managing PCa. Previous studies have identified that the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) as a potential target to treat prostate cancer. Ozanimod (OZM) is a selective sphingosine 1- phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) and (S1PR5) modulator, which is in phase 3 clinical trial for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis. The objective of this study is to determine the anticancer effects of OZM, an S1PR modulator using LNCaP, PC-3, and DU-145 as cellular models of PCa. These PCa cell lines were subjected to cell viability, colony formation and wound healing assays as endpoints to assess the anticancer effects of OZM. The cell viability assay results revealed that OZM had a differential effect on PCa cell lines with LNCaP cells being the most sensitive and DU-145, PC-3 showing similar sensitivities to OZM treatment. Furthermore, OZM treatment inhibited the colony formation characteristics of PCa cell lines in-vitro when compared with control in all the three cell lines. In wound healing assay, the migratory characteristics of PCa cell lines were inhibited by OZM in a dose dependent manner. These findings suggested that OZM has both tumor growth suppression and metastasis inhibition potential. Furthermore, Annexin V and Propidium Iodide staining assay revealed that OZMinduces apoptosis in PC-3 and DU-145 cells. Following these findings, human apoptotic array study using LNCaP cells showed that anti-apoptotic protein molecules such as c-IAP1, clusterin, and livin were downregulated by OZM treatment in addition to inhibition of HIF-1α expression. The mechanistic study conducted using LNCaP cells by Western blot analysis revealed that OZM treatment upregulated BiP expression while downregulated PERK, IRE-1α which are protein markers associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Furthermore, our results showed that c-myc was down-regulated and MAD, MAX transcription factors were upregulated when treated with OZM. Based on these findings, we suggest that OZM treatment modulates ER stress pathway and anti-apoptotic proteins leading to prostate tumor suppression. In conclusion, OZM might be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for treating both indolent and aggressive PCa.Citation Format: Reshmii Venkatesan, Somaiah Chinnapaka, John Schappert, Gnanasekar Munirathinam. Preclinical evaluation of Ozanimod for prostate cancer treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2974.
Stochastic parallel-gradient-descent technique for high-resolution wave-front phase-distortion correction (1998)

A new optimization technique, stochastic parallel-gradient descent, is applied for high-resolution adaptive wave-front correction. A performance criterion for parallel-perturbation-based algorithms is introduced and applied to optimize adaptive system architecture. We present numerical simulation results for an adaptive imaging system based on the stochastic parallel-perturbation technique, along with experimental results obtained for a white-light adaptive imaging system with 37 control channels. An adaptive system with a self-organized (adaptive) control channel hierarchy is introduced and analyzed.
A Study on Radiation Dose for General Radiography Examination at First Medical Institution (Around the Radiology Clinic of National Capital Region) (2011)

환자가 받는 선량이 증가함에 의해 위해도가 증가한다. 이에 본 연구는 2009년 8월부터 2010년 9월까지 서울 및 경인지역의 영상의학과의원을 대상으로 환자피폭선량을 분석하였다. 두개골 전후방향검사에서 환자피폭선량은 영상의학과의원 1.75mGy, 영국 3.00mGy, 일본 3.00mGy, 독일 5.00mGy로 영상의학과의원이 낮게 측정되었고, 두개골 측방향검사에서 환자피폭선량은 영상의학과의원 1.49mGy, 3차 의료기관 1.50mGy로 영상의학과의원이 낮게 측정되었고 IAEA의 권고 선량인 3.00mGy 보다 낮게 측정되었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 환자의 의료피폭 저감화를 위해 국제기구 권고안을 준수하고, 방사선의 효율적인 방호의 최적화와 의료방사선 피폭의 저감화가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. The hazard level will be increased with the augmentation of the dose received by patients. Therefore, patients radiation dose have been analyzed by this study for the radiology clinics located at Seoul and Gyeongin area from August 2009 to September 2010. In the case of the front and rear directional inspection of skull, patient radiation dose was turned out to be 1.75mGy for radiology clinic, 3.00mGy for UK, 3.00mGy for Japan, and 5.00mGy for Germany, therefore, radiology clinic was the lowest. In the case of lateral directional inspection of skull, patient radiation dose was turned out to be 1.49mGy for radiology clinic, 1.50mGy for 3rd medical institution, therefore, radiology clinic was measured lower, and it was lower than 3.00mGy which is the recommended dose of IAEA. In order to reduce medical exposure of patient, optimization of efficient protection of radiation and reduction of medical radiation exposure are thought to be required by observing recommendation of international organization based on the result of this study.
Strong, Low-Density Nanocomposites by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Polymerization of Cyanoacrylates on Aminated Silica Aerogels (2009)

Strong polymer-silica aerogel composites were prepared by chemical vapor deposition of cyanoacrylate monomers onto amine-modified aerogels. Amine-modified silica aerogels were prepared by copolymerizing small amounts of (aminopropyl)triethoxysilane with tetraethoxysilane. After silation of the aminated gels with hexamethyldisilazane, they were dried as aerogels using supercritical carbon dioxide processing. The resulting aerogels had only the amine groups as initiators for the cyanoacrylate polymerizations, resulting in cyanoacrylate macromolecules that were higher in molecular weight than those observed with unmodified silica and that were covalently attached to the silica surface. Starting with aminated silica aerogels that were 0.075 g/cm(3) density, composite aerogels were made with densities up to 0.220 g/cm(3) and up to 31 times stronger (flexural strength) than the precursor aerogel and about 2.3 times stronger than an unmodified silica aerogel of the same density.
Docetaxel and Doxorubicin Compared With Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide as First-Line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer: Results of a Randomized, Multicenter, Phase III Trial (2003)

AT significantly improves TTP and ORR compared with AC in patients with MBC, but there is no difference in OS. AT represents a valid option for the treatment of MBC.
The Effect of N-Ethylmaleimide on the Radiation Sensitivity of Bacteria (1961)

SUMMARY: The sensitization of Escherichia coli strain B/r to γ radiation was shown to take place within a few minutes of the addition of N-ethylmaleimide. Sensitization was demonstrated with as little as 0.0001 m-N-ethylmaleimide, but a much higher concentration (&gt; 0.002 m) was necessary for any bactericidal effect. The N-ethyl-maleimide had to be present during irradiation in order to be effective. Staphylococcus aureus and a Pseudomonas sp. but not spores of Bacillus subtilis, were also sensitized by N-ethylmaleimide. The Pseudomonas sp. was only sensitized under anoxic conditions; this may indicate that, with this organism, N-ethylmaleimide and oxygen acted competitively in enhancing radiation damage. Possible mechanisms of sensitization are discussed.
Monitoring the cost-effective use of operating theatres. (1994)

This study was undertaken to evaluate the utilisation of operating theatres in an academic 2000 bed hospital in order to assess nursing manhours. The incidence of operations performed over a 4 year period, differentiating between cold and emergency cases, was mapped. The theatre list (booked cases) was checked against actual operations performed, identifying an 8% cancellation incidence. This was further analysed using specialisation and reasons for cancellations as indicators. Further analyses per theatre were done, using 3 indicators, i.e. scheduled, anaesthetic and surgical times. These showed +/- a 20% difference between anaesthetic and surgical time and was identified as an area for remedial action. The final analysis showed that more nursing manhours (100%) were made provision for than the scheduled theatre time required. It was suggested that the present nursing allocation system to theatres be reconsidered.
Novel analgesics and molecular rearrangements in the morphine-thebaine group. II. Alcohols derived from 6,14-endo-etheno- and 6,14-endo-ethanotetrahydrothebaine (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel analgesics and molecular rearrangements in the morphine-thebaine group. II. Alcohols derived from 6,14-endo-etheno- and 6,14-endo-ethanotetrahydrothebaineKenneth W. Bentley, Denis G. Hardy, and B. MeekCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 13, 3273–3280Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00989a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00989a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views378Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Species-, serogroup-, and serovar-specific epitopes are juxtaposed in variable sequence region 4 of the major outer membrane proteins of some Chlamydia trachomatis serovars (1996)

Synthetic peptides and murine monoclonal antibodies were used to map cross-reactive chlamydial epitopes. A species-specific epitope in the central region of variable sequence region 4 abuts the amino-terminal end of a B-serogroup-specific or F/G-serogroup-specific epitope, which in turn abuts known serovar-specific epitopes. The carboxyl-terminal portion of variable sequence region 4 (residues 297 to 314) comprises a region of end-to-end B-cell epitopes in some serovars of the B and F/G serogroups.
1995 Gaston Labat Lecture. Ropivacaine. White knight or dark horse? (1996)

Bupivacaine cardiotoxicity results from prolonged sodium channel dwell time of the R(ectus), as compared with the S(inister), stereoisomer. Bupivacaine, like most aminoamide local anesthetics (except lidocaine), has a chiral (asymmetric) carbon atom where the amide linkage joins the hydrophilic tail. Chirality yields two steric forms (S and R) which are spatial mirror images (like the left hand trapped in a right glove) with different receptor kinetics; commercial bupivacaine is the optically inactive racemic (RS) mixture of R- and S-bupivacaine. Ropivacaine is unique in that membrane separation synthesis exclusively yields the S-monomer, which is a local anesthetic with lower cardiotoxic potential than racemic bupivacaine. Its immediate clinical application would be in obstetric analgesia, whereas its shorter duration of action and weaker motor block should make it useful in ambulatory anesthesia.
PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloud (2018)

In this paper, we propose PointRCNN for 3D object detection from raw point cloud. The whole framework is composed of two stages: stage-1 for the bottom-up 3D proposal generation and stage-2 for refining proposals in the canonical coordinates to obtain the final detection results. Instead of generating proposals from RGB image or projecting point cloud to bird's view or voxels as previous methods do, our stage-1 sub-network directly generates a small number of high-quality 3D proposals from point cloud in a bottom-up manner via segmenting the point cloud of the whole scene into foreground points and background. The stage-2 sub-network transforms the pooled points of each proposal to canonical coordinates to learn better local spatial features, which is combined with global semantic features of each point learned in stage-1 for accurate box refinement and confidence prediction. Extensive experiments on the 3D detection benchmark of KITTI dataset show that our proposed architecture outperforms state-of-the-art methods with remarkable margins by using only point cloud as input. The code is available at https://github.com/sshaoshuai/PointRCNN.
Attenuation of T Cell Receptor Signaling by Serine Phosphorylation-mediated Lysine 30 Ubiquitination of SLP-76 Protein (2012)

SLP-76 (SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa) is an adaptor protein that is essential for T cell development and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling activation. Previous studies have identified an important negative feedback regulation of SLP-76 by HPK1 (hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1; MAP4K1)-induced Ser-376 phosphorylation. Ser-376 phosphorylation of SLP-76 mediates 14-3-3 binding, resulting in the attenuation of SLP-76 activation and downstream signaling; however, the underlying mechanism of this action remains unknown. Here, we report that phosphorylated SLP-76 is ubiquitinated and targeted for proteasomal degradation during TCR signaling. SLP-76 ubiquitination is mediated by Ser-376 phosphorylation. Furthermore, Lys-30 is identified as a ubiquitination site of SLP-76. Loss of Lys-30 ubiquitination of SLP-76 results in enhanced anti-CD3 antibody-induced ERK and JNK activation. These results reveal a novel regulation mechanism of SLP-76 by ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of activated SLP-76, which is mediated by Ser-376 phosphorylation, leading to down-regulation of TCR signaling.
Video CCD based portable digital still camera (1995)

A prototype of a portable digital still camera (DSC) using video CCD sensor has been developed. This system has auto focus and auto exposure control for an in-house designed zoom lens. It also performs auto white balance color temperature compensation. A DSP/ASIC was developed for color conversion, interpolation, and edge enhancement. The images are compressed with JPEG BCs, and then stored in a PCMCIA memory card. A color LCD panel was built for real time display and on board playback. The interface consists of SCSI, NTSC, and S-video connections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Diversity of Natural Self-Derived Ligands Presented by Different HLA Class I Molecules in Transporter Antigen Processing-Deficient Cells (2013)

The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) translocates the cytosol-derived proteolytic peptides to the endoplasmic reticulum lumen where they complex with nascent human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. Non-functional TAP complexes and viral or tumoral blocking of these transporters leads to reduced HLA class I surface expression and a drastic change in the available peptide repertoire. Using mass spectrometry to analyze complex human leukocyte antigen HLA-bound peptide pools isolated from large numbers of TAP-deficient cells, we identified 334 TAP-independent ligands naturally presented by four different HLA-A, -B, and -C class I molecules with very different TAP dependency from the same cell line. The repertoire of TAP-independent peptides examined favored increased peptide lengths and a lack of strict binding motifs for all four HLA class I molecules studied. The TAP-independent peptidome arose from 182 parental proteins, the majority of which yielded one HLA ligand. In contrast, TAP-independent antigen processing of very few cellular proteins generated multiple HLA ligands. Comparison between TAP-independent peptidome and proteome of several subcellular locations suggests that the secretory vesicle-like organelles could be a relevant source of parental proteins for TAP-independent HLA ligands. Finally, a predominant endoproteolytic peptidase specificity for Arg/Lys or Leu/Phe residues in the P(1) position of the scissile bond was found for the TAP-independent ligands. These data draw a new and intricate picture of TAP-independent pathways.
Cisplatin (1984)

Cisplatin is a metal coordination compound that was approved for clinical use in treating testicular cancer 5 years ago. Although early trials showed marked gastrointestinal and renal toxicities, treatment-related morbidity has been significantly alleviated with modern antiemetic therapy and adequate pretreatment hydration. More recent clinical studies of cisplatin have shown a broad range of activity and provide a better understanding of the drug's pharmacology, mechanism of action, and toxicity. Variations in the dosage and mode of administration as well as development of cisplatin analogues are being currently studied.