gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Relation Between Hyperglycemia and Outcomes in 2,471 Patients Admitted to the Hospital With Community-Acquired Pneumonia (2005)

Hyperglycemia on admission is independently associated with adverse outcomes in patients with CAP, with the increased risks evident at lower glucose levels than previously reported.
Dietary L-arginine intake and the incidence of coronary heart disease: Tehran lipid and glucose study (2016)

Higher intake of plant derived L-arginine may have a protective effect whereas animal-derived L-arginine may be a risk factor for development of hypertension and CHD events.
Modes of Action of Five Different Endopectate Lyases fromErwinia chrysanthemi3937 (1999)

Five endopectate lyases from the phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi, PelA, PelB, PelD, PelI, and PelL, were analyzed with respect to their modes of action on polymeric and oligomeric substrates (degree of polymerization, 2 to 8). On polygalacturonate, PelB showed higher reaction rates than PelD, PelI, and PelA, whereas the reaction rates for PelL were extremely low. The product progression during polygalacturonate cleavage showed a typical depolymerization profile for each enzyme and demonstrated their endolytic character. PelA, PelI, and PelL released oligogalacturonates of different sizes, whereas PelD and PelB released mostly unsaturated dimer and unsaturated trimer, respectively. Upon prolonged incubation, all enzymes degraded the primary products further, to unsaturated dimer and trimer, except for PelL, which degraded the primary products to unsaturated tetramer and pentamer in addition to unsaturated dimer and trimer. The bond cleavage frequencies on oligogalacturonates revealed differences in the modes of action of these enzymes that were commensurate with the product progression profiles. The preferential products formed from the oligogalacturonates were unsaturated dimer for PelD, unsaturated trimer for PelB, and unsaturated tetramer for PelI and PelL. For PelA, preferential products were dependent on the sizes of the oligogalacturonates. Whereas PelB and PelD displayed their highest activities on hexagalacturonate and tetragalacturonate, respectively, PelA, PelI, and PelL were most active on the octamer, the largest substrate used. The bond cleavage frequencies and reaction rates were used to estimate the number of subsites of each enzyme.
Interfacet mass transport and facet evolution in selective epitaxial growth of Si by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (1996)

Facet formation and competition in selective epitaxial growth (SEG) of Si on SiO2− masked nanometer growth windows were studied experimentally and theoretically in gas source molecular beam epitaxy. The windows were patterned along [110] on Si(100) substrates. Mass accumulation around the edge of the SEG mesa top surface was observed and believed to be due to the interfacet mass transport from sidewalls to the top surface. Sidewall facet evolution from the initial (311) to (111) was observed. The facet evolution is due to the growth rate anisotropy among (100), (311), and (111). The interfacet mass transport is believed to affect growth rate of each facet and increase the growth rate anisotropy. As a result, it controls the size dependence of SEG growth rate and promotes the facet evolution. A theoretical model has also been developed for modeling the facet competition and evolution. Both the interfacet and intrafacet surface migration processes were taken into account in the model. The simulation results explain our experimental observations and provide an improved understanding of the facet growth on patterned substrates.
Carbynes in Meteorites: Detection, Low-Temperature Origin, and Implications for Interstellar Molecules (1980)

Carbon from the Allende meteorite is not graphite but carbyne (triply bonded elemental carbon), inasmuch as on heating to 250 degrees to 330 degrees C it releases mainly triply bonded fragments: -(C identical withC)(n),- with n = 1 to 5, and -(C identical withC)(n)-CN, with n = 1 to 3. Although carbynes have been known to form only by condensation of carbon vapor above 2600 K or by explosive shock of > 600 kilobars, it is found that they also form metastably by the reaction 2CO --> CO(2) + C (solid) at 300 degrees to 400 degrees C in the presence of a chromite catalyst. Such low-temperature formation by surface catalysis may be the dominant source of carbynes on the earth and in meteorites, and a major source of interstellar carbynes and cyanopolyacetylenes.
Cancellation of specular reflection in the presence of a phase conjugate mirror (1986)

We present experimental results showing the partial cancellation of the specular reflection off a lossless partially transmitting ordinary plane mirror in the presence of a phase conjugate mirror. This effect was first theoretically predicted by Drummond and Friberg. 1 In the experimental situation a single domain photorefractive crystal of barium titanate operating via degenerate four-wave mixing acted as the phase conjugate mirror. It was placed behind a lossless partially transmitting ordinary plane mirror so that an optical resonant activity was created. Collimated light was directed onto the ordinary mirror at non-normal incidence. The intensity of the specular reflection was monitored, the extent of its cancellation for the measured phase conjugate reflectivities agreed well with the proposed theory. 2 The experimental results lay marginally above the theoretical curve. The reason for such a systematic error is considered to lie with the fidelity of the phase conjugate generated.
Interleukin-11: Review of Molecular, Cell Biology, and Clinical Use (1997)

FIRST ISOLATED IN 1990, interleukin-11 (IL-11) has proven to be a fascinating cytokine with pleiotropic effects on multiple tissues. Initially characterized as a hematopoietic cytokine with thrombopoietic activity, IL-11 has now been shown to be expressed and have activity in multiple other tissues
The design and evaluation of marking menus (1993)

This research focuses on the use of hand drawn marks as a human-computer input technique. Drawing a mark is an efficient command input technique in many situations. However, marks are not intrinsically self-explanatory as are other interactive techniques such as buttons and menus. This research develops and evaluates an interaction technique called marking menus which integrates menus and marks such that both self-explanation and efficient interaction can be provided. A marking menu allows a user to perform a menu selection by either popping up a radial menu and then selecting an item, or by drawing a straight mark in the direction of the desired menu item. Drawing a mark avoids popping up the menu. Marking menus can also be hierarchic. In this case, hierarchic radial menus and “zig-zag ” marks are used. Marking menus are based on three design principles: self-revelation, guidance and rehearsal. Self-revelation means a marking menu reveals to a user what functions or items are available. Guidance means a marking menu guides a user in selecting an item. Rehearsal means that the guidance
THE AGE/RAGE AXIS IN DIABETES‐ACCELERATED ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2008)

1. There is increasing evidence that advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and their interaction with the receptor RAGE play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis, in particular in the setting of diabetes. 2. Previous studies have shown that inhibition of AGE accumulation and RAGE expression in diabetes by either reduction of the formation of AGEs or cross-link breakers was associated with reduced atherosclerosis and renal disease. Advanced glycation end-products bind to RAGE, thereby leading to activation of a range of inflammatory and fibrotic pathways causing tissue injury. Different splice variants of RAGE exist, including a soluble form that lacks the intracellular domain and fails to induce signal transduction. Therapeutic approaches using soluble RAGE as a decoy binding protein for circulating AGE have been effective in preventing externally induced arterial injury and atherosclerosis in the absence and presence of diabetes. 3. In order to delineate the role of RAGE in vascular disease in more detail, it was necessary to create RAGE(-/-) mice, as well as transgenic mice overexpressing RAGE in endothelial cells. It was shown that RAGE overexpression was associated with increased vascular injury, nephropathy and retinopathy. 4. In contrast, RAGE deletion was associated with partial vascular protection, such as reduced neointima formation after arterial denudation, as well as protection from diabetic nephropathy. The present review summarizes the evidence for RAGE being a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic receptor. 5. Further studies are needed to delineate the effect of RAGE deletion and overexpression in diabetic macrovascular disease. Based on these findings, RAGE could be a potential therapeutic target in combating inflammatory vascular diseases, including diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
Structural Characterization of Peptide-Mediated Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis Biofilm Formation (2006)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen whose primary niche is the anaerobic environment of subgingival dental plaque, but initial colonization of the oral cavity is likely to occur on supragingival surfaces that already support robust biofilm communities. Our studies have shown that P. gingivalis adheres to Streptococcus gordonii through interaction of the minor fimbrial antigen Mfa1 with a specific region of the streptococcal SspB polypeptide (residues 1167 to 1193) designated BAR. We show that a synthetic peptide comprising the BAR sequence potently inhibits P. gingivalis adherence to S. gordonii (50% inhibitory concentration = 1.3 microM) and prevents the development of P. gingivalis biofilms. However, a retroinverso peptide that possessed the same side chain topology as that of BAR was inactive, suggesting that interactions of Mfa1 with the peptide backbone of BAR are important for binding. A conformationally constrained analog of BAR inhibited P. gingivalis adherence and biofilm formation but at a lower specific activity than that of BAR. Therefore, to further define the structural features of the Mfa1-BAR interaction, we functionally screened combinatorial libraries of BAR in which active site residues (Asn1182, Thr1184, and Val1185) were replaced with each of the 19 common amino acids. Peptides containing positively charged amino acids at position 1182 or hydrophobic residues at position 1185 bound P. gingivalis more efficiently than did control peptides containing Asn and Val at these positions, suggesting that electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions may contribute to Mfa1-SspB binding. In contrast, replacement of Pro or Gly at these positions was detrimental to adherence, suggesting that perturbation of the BAR secondary structure influences activity. The net effect of substitutions for Thr1184 was less pronounced either positively or negatively than that at the other sites. These results define physicochemical characteristics of the interacting interface of Mfa1 and SspB and suggest that peptides or peptidomimetics with greater specific inhibitory activity than that of BAR can be developed. These compounds may represent potential therapeutics that target some of the first molecular interactions that allow P. gingivalis to colonize the oral cavity.
Medical writing: should you add to it? (1994)

ABSTRACT Suggests some reasons for the growth in the number of medical papers published, and some disadvantages arising from it.
Improved tapered tubular optical waveguide probe for magnetic focusing immunosensors (2000)

Based on a non-sequential raytrace simulation, a previously developed tubular optical waveguide probe for magnetic- focusing immunosensors has been redesigned and tested. The design features a tubular waveguide tapered at both ends with a tapered magnet embedded inside of the waveguide. For reducing background, the excitation light is directly projected into the sample solution via a fiber against the cuvette wall adjacent to the waveguide. The fluorescent signal is collected by the probe and is coupled into a transmission fiber at the distal end of probe. Simulated antigen samples (paramagnetic microspheres of 5-micron diameter with immobilized antibodies that are labeled with Cy5 dye) have been prepared for testing magnetic signal enhancement and fluorescent signal collection. Typical results show that the sensitivity of the tubular probe is one order of magnitude higher than that of a similar dual- fiber probe. With the improved excitation and transmission scheme, the new tubular probe reduces background noise to one-third that of a previously reported tubular probe and is less sensitive to the interference of ambient light.
Identification and Molecular Characterization of an Efflux Pump Involved in Pseudomonas putida S12 Solvent Tolerance (1998)

Bacteria able to grow in aqueous:organic two-phase systems have evolved resistance mechanisms to the toxic effects of solvents. One such mechanism is the active efflux of solvents from the cell, preserving the integrity of the cell interior. Pseudomonas putida S12 is resistant to a wide variety of normally detrimental solvents due to the action of such an efflux pump. The genes for this solvent efflux pump were cloned from P. putida S12 and their nucleotide sequence determined. The deduced amino acid sequences encoded by the three genes involved show a striking resemblance to proteins known to be involved in proton-dependent multidrug efflux systems. Transfer of the genes for the solvent efflux pump to solvent-sensitive P. putida strains results in the acquisition of solvent resistance. This opens up the possibilities of using the solvent efflux system to construct bacterial strains capable of performing biocatalytic transformations of insoluble substrates in two-phase aqueous:organic medium.
Intestinal Microbial Bile Acid Transformation in Healthy Infants (1995)

Following the establishment of functionally active intestinal flora in three healthy Swedish children from birth up to 24 months of age, we investigated the development of different 24-carbon bile acids. The fecal bile acids were group-separated into unconjugated, glycine-conjugated, taurine-conjugated, and sulfated, so that we could follow the changes between the different fractions of conjugates. In meconium, most (55-63%) of the bile acids were conjugated with taurine; only 11-32% were conjugated with glycine. Deconjugation was the first sign of intestinal microbial activity on the bile acids. Already at 1 month of age, most of the bile acids were deconjugated; among the conjugated bile acids, the glycine-conjugated dominated over the taurine-conjugated. An unidentified conjugate of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids (C, CDC) that separated with the sulfated bile acids was found. The unconjugated bile acids and those that arose from hydrolysis of existing conjugates were separated and identified by gas-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty-nine different bile acids were identified. In meconium, 16 different bile acids were identified. C and CDC were identified in all samples. The bile acid pattern changed during the course of the study. Many of the identified bile acids were only found in one or a few of the analyzed samples, and sometimes only in samples from one child. 6 alpha-hydroxylated bile acids, probably not microbially synthesized, were present at high percentages in the children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optical Microscope Based on Multispectral Imaging Applied to Plasmodium Diagnosis (2008)

We have adapted an optical transmission microscope to multispectral imaging in order to diagnose Plasmodium falciparum without using fluorescent labels for parasites as is the case for the thick and thin blood smears. We show how a set of monochromatic Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) has provided an efficient contrast and spatial resolution to identify the parasites inside the erythrocytes. The obtained images have been processed using MATLAB software to improve the contrast. This method is a promising alternative for malaria diagnosis.
Beyond Self-Interest: Asian Pacific Americans Toward a Community of Justice (1996)

In this policy analysis, four Asian Pacific American law professors make the case for affirmative action, with a special focus on Asian Pacific Americans ("APAs"). The authors believe that affirmative action produces many benefits, such as reducing the harm of racism, promoting equal opportunity, and advancing racial justice. While affirmative action has costs, many of them are misconceived or exaggerated. Those genuine costs that do exist are ones that all Americans should bear in order to move America toward a more just society.
On the nomenclature of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) (2008)

A new nomenclature of CDG is proposed because the current one is too complex for clinicians and provides no added value.
Silicon physical random functions (2002)

We introduce the notion of a Physical Random Function (PUF). We argue that a complex integrated circuit can be viewed as a silicon PUF and describe a technique to identify and authenticate individual integrated circuits (ICs).We describe several possible circuit realizations of different PUFs. These circuits have been implemented in commodity Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). We present experiments which indicate that reliable authentication of individual FPGAs can be performed even in the presence of significant environmental variations.We describe how secure smart cards can be built, and also briefly describe how PUFs can be applied to licensing and certification applications.
Synthesis and identification of the major metabolites of prazosin formed in dog and rat (1977)

The 6-O-demethyl and 7-O-demethyl analogues of the new antihypertensive drug prazosin [2-[4-(2-furoyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline hydrochloride] have been unequivocally synthesized via separate ten-step reaction sequences starting from isovanillin and vanillin, respectively. The 6-O-demethyl derivative was found to be identical with the major prazosin metabolite formed in dog and rat, while the 7-O-demethyl derivative was identical with another, less prevalent but significant metabolite. Two minor metabolites of prazosin, 2-(1-piperazinyl)-4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline and 2,4-diamino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline, are also described. All four metabolites are less potent blood pressure lowering agents in dogs than prazosin but may contribute to its antihypertensive effect, since they account for a major portion of the administered dose.
Robust Helix Formation in a New Family of Oligoureas Based on a Constrained Bicyclic Building Block (2012)

BAC for more: a constrained bicyclic building block with urea linkages is an efficient combination for the formation of a highly rigid helical system. This type of bicyclic amino carbamoyl (BAC) foldamer was studied both in solution and in the solid state. A robust H-bond (dotted line) network was found between the carbonyl oxygen atoms (red) and the amino groups (dark blue) within the helix.
Neuromodulation in neurogenic bladder. (2016)

While neuromodulation is a well-established treatment option for patients with non-neurogenic overactive bladder and urinary retention, its applicability to the neurogenic bladder population has only recently been examined more in depth. In this article we will discuss the outcomes, contraindications, and special considerations of sacral and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.
Selective influences in the expressed immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene repertoire in hairy cell leukemia (2008)

Overall, biased IGV usage, preference for Iglambda with universal IGLJ3 usage and a high incidence of LCDR3 homologous motifs suggest selective influences on the B-cell receptor of hairy cell leukemia. Ongoing mutations and isotype switching suggest that influences occur on the tumor B-cell receptor at ectopic sites.
.alpha.-Lithioamine synthetic equivalents: syntheses of diastereoisomers from the Boc-piperidines (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-Lithioamine synthetic equivalents: syntheses of diastereoisomers from the Boc-piperidinesPeter Beak and Won Koo LeeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 9, 2578–2580Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00296a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00296a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1632Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mapping of the Active Site Tyrosine of Eukaryotic DNA Topoisomerase I (1989)

DNA topoisomerase I from the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe was overproduced using the cloned genes. Extracts from cells overproducing DNA topoisomerase I were prepared and incubated with 32P-labeled DNA. Alkali was used to trap the topoisomerase I-DNA covalent intermediate. Most of the DNA was digested with nuclease, and the resultant 32P-labeled topoisomerase I was subjected to cleavage with cyanogen bromide or formic acid. From the molecular weights of the resultant labeled peptides and by comparison of the amino acid sequences derived from the cloned genes, we were able to deduce that the active site tyrosine of eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I is very near the carboxyl terminus, at amino acid 771 for S. pombe and 727 for S. cerevisiae. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to change tyrosine 727 of S. cerevisiae topoisomerase I to a phenylalanine. The resulting mutant topoisomerase I protein lost all DNA relaxation activity and rendered cells resistant to the topoisomerase I inhibitor, camptothecin. The amino acid sequence of human topoisomerase I has significant similarity to the two yeast topoisomerase I sequences. Based on this similarity, we infer that tyrosine 723 is the active site tyrosine of human enzyme.