gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension: from the kingdom of the near-dead to multiple clinical trial meta-analyses (2010)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and severe clinical condition characterized by a progressive increase of pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure and premature death (Figure PAH in adults includes at least nine clinical subgroups with virtually identical obstructive pathologic changes (Figures
Feasibility study of dynamic Trusted Platform Module (2010)

A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) authenticates general purpose computing platforms. This is done by taking platform integrity measurement and comparing it with a precomputed value at boot-time. Existing TPM architectures do not support run-time integrity checking of a program on the platform. Attackers can modify the program after it has been verified at the Time Of Check (TOC) and before its Time Of Use (TOU). In this paper we study the feasibility of integrating a dynamic on-chip TPM (DTPM) into the core processor pipeline to protect against TOCTOU attacks. We explore the challenges involved in designing DTPM and describe techniques to improve its performance. The proposed DTPM has 2.5% area overhead and 18% performance impact when compared to a single processor core without DTPM.
Cell cycle regulation ofcdc25Ctranscription is mediated by the periodic repression of the glutamine-rich activators NF-Y and Sp1 (1995)

The late S/G2-specific transcription of the human cdc25C gene is dependent on an initiator-proximal repressor element (CDE) and an upstream activating sequence (UAS) of undefined nature. We now show that these upstream sequences harbour multiple in vivo protein binding sites that interact with transcriptional activators and form separable, context-independent functional modules. Major components of the UAS are a bona fide Sp1 site and three direct sequence repeats (Yc-boxes). The Yc-boxes interact with the CCAAT-box binding protein NF-Y and are critically dependent on synergistic interactions for efficient transcription activation. The NF-Y complexes, as well as Sp1, are constitutive activators, whose activation function is periodically repressed through the CDE. These observations indicate that the cell cycle regulation of cdc25C transcription is mainly due to the CDE-mediated repression of glutamine-rich activators.
An inexpensive light source for oncologic photodynamic therapy (1998)

The introduction of photochemistry for diagnosis and therapy of several cancers has been a major contribution of modern medicine in recent years. The rationale behind this technique is old and simple: administration of a photosensitizer with high affinity to cancer cells and reactive to irradiation of appropriated wavelengths to produce singlet oxygen (/sup 1/O/sub 2/), which causes peroxidation of cell organelles and apoptosis. The main reason this technique has not gained widespread diffusion can be attributed to the high costs and technical difficulties of tunable argon-dye lasers and gold vapor lasers used as irradiation source. To overcome this problem, the authors' Biotechnology Department has built a simple and inexpensive incoherent light source, which was successfully tested on skin and other cancers. This source consists of a 400-W arc lamp filled with a special gas mixture that delivers a cold monochromatic beam at 630 nm wavelength after appropriate filtering through a bandpass interference filter. The power delivered by this device varies proportionally (70-150 mW/cm/sup 2/) to the distance from the target (about 20 mW/cm/sup 2/ per cm from the flange), with a working area of about 25 cm/sup 2/. The light is concentrated with reflectors and focused at the window with properly aligned mirrors. The lamp housing is cooled by forced air distributed through appropriate vents.
FT3C-A Lightwave System for Metropolitan and Intercity Applications (1983)

FT3C is a digital lightwave transmission system designed to operate in both intercity and metropolitan environments. Using wavelength-division-multiplexing, three 90 Mbit/s signals are placed on a single-fiber pair, providing over 240 000 voice circuits in a lightguide cable containing 144 fibers. The nominal operating wavelengths are: 0.825 μm, 0.875 μm, and 1.3 μm; GaAIAs lasers and Si-APD's are used for the short wavelengths, while LED's and p-i-n's are used at 1.3 μm. The terminal design provides interfaces for DSI, DSIC, DS2, and DS3 signals. Emphasis has also been given to features important in operating in unattended offices: performance and alarm reporting, status reporting, and remote control of protection switching. The first applications of the FT3C system are planned for the Northeast Corridor route of AT&T Long Lines and the North/South Lighwave Project in Pacific Telephone. Service for both routes is scheduled for the first quarter of 1983.
Magnetic and Folate Functionalization Enables Rapid Isolation and Enhanced Tumor-Targeting of Cell-Derived Microvesicles (2016)

Cell-derived microvesicles (MVs), which are biogenic nanosized membrane-bound vesicles that convey bioactive molecules between cells, have recently received attention for use as natural therapeutic platforms. However, the medical applications of MV-based delivery platforms are limited by the lack of effective methods for the efficient isolation of MVs and the convenient tuning of their targeting properties. Herein, we report the development of magnetic and folate (FA)-modified MVs based on a donor cell-assisted membrane modification strategy. MVs inherit the membrane properties of their donor cells, which allows them to be modified with the biotin and FA on their own membrane. By conjugating with streptavidin-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (SA-IONPs), the MVs can be conveniently, efficiently, and rapidly isolated from the supernatant of their donor cells using magnetic activated sorting. Moreover, the conjugated magnetic nanoparticles and FA confer magnetic and ligand targeting activities on the MVs. Then, the MVs were transformed into antitumor delivery platforms by directly loading doxorubicin via electroporation. The modified MVs exhibited significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study provides an efficient and convenient strategy for the simultaneous isolation of cell-derived MVs and transformation into targeted drug delivery nanovectors, thus facilitating the development of natural therapeutic nanoplatforms.
Nano-transfersomal formulations for transdermal delivery of asenapine maleate: in vitro and in vivo performance evaluations (2015)

Context: Asenapine maleate (ASPM) is an antipsychotic drug for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Extensive metabolism makes the oral route inconvenient for ASPM.Objective: The objective of this study is to increase ASPM bioavailability via transdermal route by improving the skin permeation using combined strategy of chemical and nano-carrier (transfersomal) based approaches.Materials and methods: Transfersomes were prepared by the thin film hydration method using soy-phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC). Transfersomes were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, and in vitro skin permeation studies. Various chemical enhancers were screened for skin permeation enhancement of ASPM. Optimized transfersomes were incorporated into a gel base containing suitable chemical enhancer for efficient transdermal delivery. In vivo pharmacokinetic study was performed in rats to assess bioavailability by transdermal route against oral administration.Results and discussion: Optimized transfersomes with drug:SPC:SDC weight ratio of 5:75:10 were spherical with an average size of 126.0 nm, PDI of 0.232, ZP of −43.7 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 54.96%. Ethanol (20% v/v) showed greater skin permeation enhancement. The cumulative amount of ASPM permeated after 24 h (Q24) by individual effect of ethanol and transfersome, and in combination was found to be 160.0, 132.9, and 309.3 μg, respectively, indicating beneficial synergistic effect of combined approach. In vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed significant (p < 0.05) increase in bioavailability upon transdermal application compared with oral route.Conclusion: Dual strategy of permeation enhancement was successful in increasing the transdermal permeation and bioavailability of ASPM.
Fabrication of thin film resistors and silicon microstructures using a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (1999)

A laser-assisted technology for the fabrication of micro electro mechanical system has been developed. This method allows micromachining of bulk silicon wafers and silicon membranes by using a Q-switched Nd:YAG-laser with optional frequency doubling. Moreover, thin gold film resistors can be patterned on passivated silicon and glass substrates. Because direct laser processing is a highly flexible and timesaving method it is well studied for rapid prototyping and small volume production. Combining laser micromachining with conventional photolithographic techniques new designs of microsensors and actuators can be achieved.
Enhanced Visualization of Macular Pathology With the Use of Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography (2003)

Ultrahigh-resolution ophthalmic OCT enables unprecedented visualization of intraretinal morphologic features and therefore has the potential to contribute to a better understanding of ocular pathogenesis, as well as to enhance the sensitivity and specificity for early ophthalmic diagnosis and to monitor the efficacy of therapy. This study establishes a baseline for the interpretation of ultrahigh-resolution ophthalmic OCT imaging of macular diseases.
Simvastatin and Niacin, Antioxidant Vitamins, or the Combination for the Prevention of Coronary Disease (2001)

Simvastatin plus niacin provides marked clinical and angiographically measurable benefits in patients with coronary disease and low HDL levels. The use of antioxidant vitamins in this setting must be questioned.
A preliminary solubility screen used to improve crystallization trials: crystallization and preliminary X-ray structure determination ofAeropyrum pernixflap endonuclease-1 (2004)

Crystallization of protein and protein complexes is a multi-parametric problem that involves the investigation of a vast number of physical and chemical conditions. The buffers, salts and additives used to prepare the protein will be present in every crystallization condition. It is imperative that these conditions be defined prior to crystal screening since they will have a ubiquitous involvement in the crystal-growth experiments. This study involves the crystallization and preliminary analysis of the flap endonuclease-1 (FEN-1) DNA-repair enzyme from the crenarchaeal organism Aeropyrum pernix (Ape). Ape FEN-1 protein in a standard chromatography buffer had only a modest solubility and minimal success in crystallization trials. Using an ion/pH solubility screen, it was possible to dramatically increase the maximum solubility of the protein. The solubility-optimized protein produced large diffraction-quality crystals under multiple conditions in which the non-optimized protein produced only precipitate. Only minor adjustments of the conditions were required to produce single diffraction-quality crystals. The native Ape FEN-1 crystals diffract to 1.4 A resolution and belong to space group P6(1), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 92.8, c = 80.9 A, alpha = beta = 90, gamma = 120 degrees.
Expression of Fungal diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 Genes to Increase Kernel Oil in Maize (2011)

Maize (Zea mays) oil has high value but is only about 4% of the grain by weight. To increase kernel oil content, fungal diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 (DGAT2) genes from Umbelopsis (formerly Mortierella) ramanniana and Neurospora crassa were introduced into maize using an embryo-enhanced promoter. The protein encoded by the N. crassa gene was longer than that of U. ramanniana. It included 353 amino acids that aligned to the U. ramanniana DGAT2A protein and a 243-amino acid sequence at the amino terminus that was unique to the N. crassa DGAT2 protein. Two forms of N. crassa DGAT2 were tested: the predicted full-length protein (L-NcDGAT2) and a shorter form (S-NcDGAT2) that encoded just the sequences that share homology with the U. ramanniana protein. Expression of all three transgenes in maize resulted in small but statistically significant increases in kernel oil. S-NcDGAT2 had the biggest impact on kernel oil, with a 26% (relative) increase in oil in kernels of the best events (inbred). Increases in kernel oil were also obtained in both conventional and high-oil hybrids, and grain yield was not affected by expression of these fungal DGAT2 transgenes.
Alternative Treatments for Severe, Chronic Asthma (1993)

The current focus of treatment for chronic asthma is anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals and minimizing of environmental factors that contribute to airway inflammation. Despite the development of increasingly potent inhaled glucocorticoids, certain select asthmatic patients require chronic systemic glucocorticoids for management. Several nonglucocorticoid, anti-inflammatory agents have been shown or suggested to be beneficial in the treatment of chronic asthma. The major purpose of using these agents has been to maximize airway function and to minimize the use of systemic glucocorticoids, with their attendant side effects. Some of these alternative anti-inflammatory agents are reviewed in this paper, with emphasis on clinical experience in the treatment of asthma. Additional double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are necessary to define the role of these agents in the management of chronic asthma.
Identification of N,N-Disubstituted Phenylalanines as a Novel Class of Inhibitors of Hepatitis C NS5B Polymerase (2003)

The HCV NS5B RNA dependent RNA polymerase plays an essential role in viral replication. The discovery of a novel class of inhibitors based on an N,N-disubstituted phenylalanine scaffold and structure-activity relationships studies to improve potency are described.
Distributed multimedia information handling and processing (1990)

Requirements for distributed processing of multimedia information are summarized and compared with the latest efforts in standardization. An approach to a communication model that can be viewed as a special form of a model for open distributed applications is outlined. The functions of a system for the handling of multimedia information and a functional model approach, including a supporting environment, are considered. Synchronization aspects of isochronous and anisochronous communication are also outlined. The model is still under development. Detailed work needs to be done in the areas of formal specification of abstract services and modeling of communication protocols.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A 200 kDa protein is associated with haemagglutinating isolates of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis (1997)

Moraxella catarrhalis adheres to human erythrocytes by means of a proteinaceous, trypsin sensitive, heat modifiable haemagglutinin. A 200 kDa protein was found to be associated with haemagglutinating isolates of M. catarrhalis. This protein was present on all haemagglutinating isolates (n=17), but was absent on the non-haemagglutinating isolates (n=23) examined. This protein demonstrated heat-modifiable properties in sodium dodecyl sulfate and was degraded by trypsin. Immunoblot assays with polyclonal antiserum indicated that the 200 kDa protein was associated exclusively with haemagglutinating isolates and antibodies to this protein did not recognise epitopes on non-haemagglutinating isolates. This protein, which appears to be a surface expressed protein may be a haemagglutinin of M. catarrhalis.
Dexamethasone for ocular inflammation (2011)

The single injection, 26-week data indicate that the implant is well tolerated and produces meaningful improvements in intraocular inflammation and visual acuity that persist through 6 months. The available 6-month data also indicate that this implant confers much less of a risk of ocular hypertension than other forms of intraocular steroid therapy. However, future longer-term trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety data in patients who receive multiple injections. The newly approved dexamethasone implant, Ozurdex, is a useful addition to our local armamentarium in the treatment of noninfectious intermediate and posterior uveitis given its efficacy, safety, and ease of use in the outpatient setting.
Directed Coevolution of Stability and Catalytic Activity in Calcium-free Subtilisin (2005)

We have coevolved high activity and hyperstability in subtilisin by sequentially randomizing 12 amino acid positions in calcium-free subtilisin. The optimal amino acid for each randomized site was chosen based on stability and catalytic properties and became the parent clone for the next round of mutagenesis. Together, the 12 selected mutations increased the half-life of calcium-free subtilisin at elevated temperature by 15,000-fold. The catalytic properties of the mutants were examined against a range of substrates. In general, only mutations occurring at or near the substrate-binding surface have measurable effects on catalytic constants. No direct influence of stability on catalytic properties was observed. A high-stability mutant, Sbt140, was a more efficient enzyme in terms of k(cat)/K(m) than a commercial version of subtilisin across a range of substrates but had a lower k(cat) against tight-binding substrates. The reason for this behavior was discerned by examining microscopic rate constants for the hydrolysis of a tight-binding peptide substrate. Burst kinetics were observed for this substrate, indicating that acylation is not rate-limiting. Although acylation occurs at the rate of substrate binding, k(cat) is attenuated by the slow release of the N-terminal product. Natural evolution appears to have optimized catalytic activity against a range of sequences by achieving a balance between substrate binding and the rate of release of the N-terminal product.
Cloning and Expression of a Novel Member of the Low Voltage-Activated T-Type Calcium Channel Family (1999)

Low voltage-activated Ca2+ channels play important roles in pacing neuronal firing and producing network oscillations, such as those that occur during sleep and epilepsy. Here we describe the cloning and expression of the third member of the T-type family, alpha1I or CavT.3, from rat brain. Northern analysis indicated that it is predominantly expressed in brain. Expression of the cloned channel in either Xenopus oocytes or stably transfected human embryonic kidney-293 cells revealed novel gating properties. We compared these electrophysiological properties to those of the cloned T-type channels alpha1G and alpha1H and to the high voltage-activated channels formed by alpha1Ebeta3. The alpha1I channels opened after small depolarizations of the membrane similar to alpha1G and alpha1H but at more depolarized potentials. The kinetics of activation and inactivation were dramatically slower, which allows the channel to act as a Ca2+ injector. In oocytes, the kinetics were even slower, suggesting that components of the expression system modulate its gating properties. Steady-state inactivation occurred at higher potentials than any of the other T channels, endowing the channel with a substantial window current. The alpha1I channel could still be classified as T-type by virtue of its criss-crossing kinetics, its slow deactivation (tail current), and its small (11 pS) conductance in 110 mM Ba2+ solutions. Based on its brain distribution and novel gating properties, we suggest that alpha1I plays important roles in determining the electroresponsiveness of neurons, and hence, may be a novel drug target.
Survival of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer after iodine125 seeds implantation brachytherapy (2017)

Survival of pancreatic cancer patients after I-seeds implantation brachytherapy is found to be 9 months, whereas a combined treatment with I-seeds brachytherapy and other therapies was associated with approximately 12 months' survival. The majority of patients who underwent I-seeds brachytherapy had their pain relieved.
Applications of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibres in Dentistry: A Review Article (2014)

Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibre (UHMWPE) is one of the most versatile materials that have been introduced in dentistry.They are thin, strong, aesthetic, easy to manipulate and exhibit excellent bonding with composite resin. The aim of this article is to review the current applications of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibre is various discilplines of dentistry.
Methyl jasmonate sensitizes human bladder cancer cells to gambogic acid‐induced apoptosis through down‐regulation of EZH2 expression by miR‐101 (2013)

MJ sensitizes bladder cancer cells to GA-induced apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of EZH2 induced by miR-101. Thus, the combination of selective anti-cancer agents MJ and GA could provide a novel strategy for treating human bladder cancer.
NMR images by the multiple sensitive point method: application to larger biological systems (1977)

&lt;p&gt;Wearable self-tracking devices capture multidimensional health data and offer several advantages including new ways of facilitating research. However, they also create a conflict between individual interests of avoiding privacy harms, and collective interests of assembling and using large health data sets for public benefits. While some scholars argue for transparency and accountability mechanisms to resolve this conflict, an average user is not adequately equipped to access and process information relating to the consequences of consenting to further uses of her data. As an alternative, this paper argues for fiduciary relationships, which put deliberative demands on digital health data controllers to keep the interests of their data subjects at the forefront as well as cater to the contextual nature of privacy. These deliberative requirements ensure that users can engage in collective participation and share their health data at a lower risk of privacy harms. This paper also proposes a way to balance the flexible and open-ended nature of fiduciary law with the specific nature and scope of fiduciary duties that digital health data controllers should owe to their data subjects.&lt;/p&gt;
Photophysical study of iridium complexes by absolute photoluminescence quantum yield measurements using an integrating sphere (2009)

We have developed an apparatus (Hamamatsu C9920-02) for measuring the absolute photoluminescence quantum yield. This system consists of an excitation light source, a sample holder mounted in an integrating sphere and a multi-channel CCD spectrometer. Using this apparatus, the absolute phosphorescence quantum yields were measured for several iridium complexes doped in organic thin films or dissolved in deaerated solutions. The iridium complexes <i>fac</i>-tris (2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) (Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub>) and its derivatives, showed high phosphorescence quantum yields (&gt;90 %), while bis(2-(2'-benzo(4,5-a)thienyl)pyridinato-N,C<sup>3'</sup>)iridium(III)(acetylacetonate) (Btp<sub>2</sub>Ir(acac)) gave a lower phosphorescence quantum yield (less than 40 %). To reveal the mechanism of nonradiative decay of the excited iridium complexes, we made time-resolved photoacoustic measurements. It was found that all of the iridium complexes undergo S<sub>1</sub>-T<sub>1</sub> intersystem crossing with efficiencies of close to 100 % after photoexcitation. This indicates that the lower phosphorescence quantum yield for Btp<sub>2</sub>Ir(acac) is due to involvement of the T<sub>1</sub>-S<sub>0</sub> intersystem crossing process.