gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet P2 receptors: old and new targets for antithrombotic drugs (2006)

Platelets possess three P2 receptors for adenine nucleotides: P2Y1 and P2Y12, which interact with ADP, and P2X1, which interacts with ATP. The interaction of adenine nucleotides with their platelet receptors plays an important role in thrombogenesis. The thienopyridine ticlopidine, an antagonist of the platelet P2Y12 ADP receptor, reduces the incidence of vascular events in patients at risk, but it also has some important drawbacks: a relatively high incidence of toxic effects; delayed onset of action; high inter-individual variability in response. Another thienopyridine, clopidogrel, has superseded ticlopidine, because it is an efficacious antithrombotic drug and is less toxic than ticlopidine. However, the high inter-patient variability in response still remains an important issue. These drawbacks justify the continuing search for agents that can further improve the clinical outcome of patients with atherosclerosis through greater efficacy and/or safety. A new thienopyridyl compound prasugrel, which is characterized by higher potency and faster onset of action compared with clopidogrel, is currently under clinical evaluation. Two direct and reversible P2Y12 antagonists, cangrelor and AZD6140, have very rapid onset and reversal of platelet inhibition, which make them attractive alternatives to thienopyridines, especially when rapid inhibition of platelet aggregation or its quick reversal are required. Along with new P2Y12 antagonists, inhibitors of the other platelet receptor for ADP, P2Y1, and of the receptor for ATP, P2X1, are under development and may prove to be effective antithrombotic agents.
Building the Operational Data Store (1995)

From the Publisher:
The operational data store, or ODS, is a dynamic architectural construct designed specifically for high-speed, integrated operational processing. It achieves at the operational level what the data warehouse does at the strategic/managerial level. Now, from a team of experts headed by W. H. Inmon, father of the data warehouse, here is the first comprehensive guide to understanding, building, and using operational data stores.
Distinguishing modes of cell death using the ImageStream® multispectral imaging flow cytometer (2004)

Using multispectral imagery, morphologically distinct cell populations can be distinguished using features not available with conventional flow cytometers. In particular, the ability to couple morphometric with photometric measures makes it possible to distinguish live cells from cells in the early phases of apoptosis, as well as late apoptotic cells from necrotic cells.
Palladium-Catalyzed Pathways to Aryl-Substituted Indenes:  Efficient Synthesis of Ligands and the Respectiveansa-Zirconocenes (2006)

Substituted 4-/7-halo-1H-indenes and 5-methyl-3-bromo-4-/6H-cyclopenta[b]thiophenes were shown to be convenient starting materials for Suzuki−Miyaura, Negishi, and Murahashi protocols to give the corresponding aryl-subsituted indenes and cyclopenta[b]thiophenes of importance for further synthesis of ansa-metallocenes. Alternatively, (2-methyl-1H-inden-4-yl)boronic acid and (1-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)boronic acid as well as the respective organozinc and -magnesium reagents can be used for synthesizing aryl-subsituted indenes via the Pd-catalyzed reactions with aryl halides. These synthetic methods were shown to have a very broad scope to afford libraries of aryl-substituted indenes. Finally, synthesis and structure characterization of several representative chiral ansa-zirconocenes, potentially useful as components of highly active and stereoselective olefin polymerization catalysts, have been performed.
Exocellular electron transfer in anaerobic microbial communities (2006)

Exocellular electron transfer plays an important role in anaerobic microbial communities that degrade organic matter. Interspecies hydrogen transfer between microorganisms is the driving force for complete biodegradation in methanogenic environments. Many organic compounds are degraded by obligatory syntrophic consortia of proton-reducing acetogenic bacteria and hydrogen-consuming methanogenic archaea. Anaerobic microorganisms that use insoluble electron acceptors for growth, such as iron- and manganese-oxide as well as inert graphite electrodes in microbial fuel cells, also transfer electrons exocellularly. Soluble compounds, like humic substances, quinones, phenazines and riboflavin, can function as exocellular electron mediators enhancing this type of anaerobic respiration. However, direct electron transfer by cell-cell contact is important as well. This review addresses the mechanisms of exocellular electron transfer in anaerobic microbial communities. There are fundamental differences but also similarities between electron transfer to another microorganism or to an insoluble electron acceptor. The physical separation of the electron donor and electron acceptor metabolism allows energy conservation in compounds as methane and hydrogen or as electricity. Furthermore, this separation is essential in the donation or acceptance of electrons in some environmental technological processes, e.g. soil remediation, wastewater purification and corrosion.
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Pegvisomant in Combination With Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogs in Acromegaly (2014)

The combination treatment with LA-SRIFs and PEGV was effective in 97% of the patients, it appears to be a safe medical treatment and it reduces the required dose of PEGV.
On the reduction of broadcast redundancy in mobile ad hoc networks (2000)

Flooding in mobile ad hoc networks has poor scalability as it leads to serious redundancy, contention and collision. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach to reduce the broadcast redundancy. In our approach, local topology information and the statistical information about the duplicate broadcasts are utilized to avoid unnecessary rebroadcasts. Simulation is conducted to compare the performance of our approach and flooding. The simulation results demonstrate the advantages of our approach. It can greatly reduce the redundant messages, thus saving much network bandwidth and energy. It can also enhance the reliability of broadcasting. It can be used in static or mobile wireless networks to implement scalable broadcast or multicast communications.
Characterization of Four Autonomous Repression Domains in the Corepressor Receptor Interacting Protein 140 (2004)

Receptor interacting protein (RIP) 140 is a corepressor that can be recruited to nuclear receptors by means of LXXLL motifs. We have characterized four distinct autonomous repression domains in RIP140, termed RD1-4, that are highly conserved in mammals and birds. RD1 at the N terminus represses transcription in the presence of trichostatin A, suggesting that it functions by a histone deacetylase (HDAC)-independent mechanism. The repressive activity of RD2 is dependent upon carboxyl-terminal binding protein recruitment to two specific binding sites. Use of specific inhibitors indicates that RD2, RD3, and RD4 are capable of functioning by HDAC-dependent and HDAC-independent mechanisms, depending upon cell type.
Remarks on Some Quantum Cryptographic Schemes. (2009)

We remark that the schemes [PhysRevLett.98.020503, PhysRevA.74.012315, PhysRevA.71.022321, PhysRevA.72.012304, PhysRevA.69.052307, PhysRevA.59.1829] are not secret sharing schemes as claimed.
A dominant role for FcγRII in antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection of human mast cells and associated CCL5 release (2006)

Dengue virus is a major mosquito-borne human pathogen with four known serotypes. The presence of antidengue virus antibodies in the serum of individuals prior to dengue virus infection is believed to be an important risk factor for severe dengue virus disease as a result of the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement operating on Fc receptor (FcR)-bearing cells. In addition to blood monocytes, mast cells are susceptible to antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection, producing a number of inflammatory mediators including IL-1, IL-6, and CCL5. Using the human mast cell-like lines KU812 and HMC-1 as well as primary cultures of human cord blood-derived mast cells (CBMC), we aimed to identify the participating FcRs in antibody-enhanced mast cell dengue virus infection, as FcRs represent a potential site for therapeutic intervention. CBMC expressed significant levels of FcgammaRI, FcgammaRII, and FcgammaRIII, and mast cell-like HMC-1 and KU812 cells expressed predominantly FcgammaRII. All four serotypes of dengue virus showed antibody-enhanced binding to KU812 cells. Specific FcgammaRII blockade with mAb IV.3 was found to significantly abrogate dengue virus binding to KU812 cells and CBMC in the presence of dengue-specific antibody. Dengue virus infection and the production of CCL5 by KU812 cells were also inhibited by FcgammaRII blockade.
Light-emitting optical fibers with controllable anomalous small-angle scattering (2017)

Glow was studied from a light guide with anomalous optical losses into small-angle scattering, provided by means of the specifically modified method of chemical vapor deposition in fabricating the optical fiber. The dependence of the optical loss coefficient at a wavelength of 650&#x00A0;nm on the drawing temperature of fiber with 10&#x00A0;mol. % GeO2 in the core was investigated experimentally. Based on this dependence, a theoretical analysis was carried out in order to determine the technological parameters for fabricating a fiber with uniform glow at a length of several hundred meters. A 400&#x00A0;m long fiber specimen was fabricated, emitting light at a wavelength of 650&#x00A0;nm with a constant glowing brightness estimated at 23&#x00A0;&#x03BC;W/m and produced by a laser source with a power of 10&#x00A0;mW. Such fibers are proposed to be used as emergency light pointers for tunnels, corridors, stairs, and other black-out objects.
Pharmacokinetics of Indomethacin Ester Prodrugs: Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Toxicity and the Hydrolytic Capacity of Various Tissues in Rats. (1996)

In order to develop a potential prodrug of indomethacin (IM) which causes less irritation to the gastrointestinal mucosa, the ester prodrugs [butyl ester (IM-BE) and octyl ester (IM-OE)] of IM were synthesized and evaluated for their ulcerogenic activity and hepatic injury after oral administration in rats. Additionally, the kinetics of hydrolysis of the prodrugs were examined to characterize the tissues or organs capable of hydrolyzing the ester bonds. The plasma levels of IM after the oral administration of IM-OE and IM-BE were comparatively low compared with those after IM, with a small bioavailability (2.1 and 15.0%, respectively). Ulcerogenic activity and hepatic injury, expressed by decreased hepatic microsomal enzyme activities, were hardly seen after repeated oral administration of the prodrugs, in contrast with the severely irritating effects of IM alone. Hydrolysis of the prodrugs was adequately described by first-order kinetics. IM-BE was relatively rapidly hydrolyzed in plasma, skin and whole blood, but the hydrolysis in the intestinal mucosa and liver was very slow. The hydrolytic rates for IM-OE were exceedingly small or negligible. These results indicate that the main part of IM-BE and IM-OE administered orally might not be hydrolyzed to IM in the gastrointestinal tract, and that the ester prodrugs themselves were absorbed through the mucosa; also, that the hydrolysis of ester bonds would be carried out mainly in the circulatory system. Consequently, IM-BE seems to be an ideal prodrug of IM.
Rapid measurement of ultrashort-pulse amplitude and phase from a two-photon absorption sonogram trace (2001)

By measuring the sonogram of an ultrashort pulse with a two-photon detector we have demonstrated a robust and sensitive complete characterization method for 80fs pulses derived from a self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. Acquisition and retrieval rates as high as 0.5 Hz are demonstrated, and the design of a rapid-acquisition configuration is described, where we discuss the use of white-light interferometry to achieve a nearly dispersionless bandpass filter. Excellent agreement is obtained between retrieved pulse data and independent experimental pulse measurements.
Automation in cytology: A survey conducted by the New Technology Task Force, Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (1998)

Despite the overwhelming interest in the development of several computer based technologies in the last several years, the role of automation in cytology has remained controversial. The potential of these technologies in the reduction of false negative results in pap smears is well recognized. However, there is still remarkable confusion as how to incorporate automation in the routine practice of cytology. This prompted the New Technology Task Force of the George Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology to design a survey to seek the opinion of those engaged in cervicovaginal cytology screening regarding the value of automation in cytology. In 1996, a ten question survey was sent to 1800 cytopathology laboratories throughout the nation. The response rate was 23% (416/1800). The responders represented laboratories varying from those with less than 5,000 pap smears to those with over 100,000 cases per year. The majority of the responders did not believe that automation is essential for cervicovaginal cytology. This was evidenced by the fact that only 12% of the laboratories were engaged in automated cytology and predominantly used it for quality control measures. The inability of small laboratories to absorb the extra expense involved in the integration of automated cytology in their practice, particularly in the current era of managed care was a major concern. There was also concern about the potential for compromise of patient care by the drive for corporate profits and the dissemination of wrong information to the public and physicians. Suggestions most frequently proposed included appropriate patient and physician education about the merits and pitfalls of the pap smear, and also endorsing an affordable universal fee for pap smears. Rescreening for all pap smears, reassessing the benefits of automation in cytology and development of the standards were other proposals. Partnership with larger cytology laboratories, creation of "cytology consortiums" with shared resources to provide regionalized automated rescreening services were also strongly suggested. This survey clearly indicates the need for further evaluation of automation in cytopathology and a focused attention to various issues surrounding cervicovaginal cytology screening.
A Systematic and Quantitative Analysis of PCR Template Contamination (2000)

A quantitative and systematic analysis is provided for ubiquitously present template DNA interfering with the quantification of human DNA by PCR. Two sources contributing to DNA background were identified. The first one is interpreted as DNA present in chemicals and on equipment and the second as caused by operator handling. The amounts were equivalent to 2.5 and 8.9 pg per mL of sample, and the estimated frequencies of contamination were 65 and 35%, respectively, resulting in an effective limit of detection of 17.4 pg/mL. Below this level--named effective laboratory background--a result could not be considered as authentic. Knowledge of these parameters is important for laboratories that analyze minute amounts of human DNA by PCR for purposes such as quantification, typing, and sequencing.
Cleavage of the membrane precursor for transforming growth factor alpha is a regulated process. (1991)

Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is generated by cleavage of a membrane-anchored precursor protein, proTGF-alpha. ProTGF-alpha is cleaved at a slow rate and accumulates on the cell surface, thereby mediating cell-cell adhesion and mitogenic stimulation. We show here that cleavage of membrane proTGF-alpha by an elastase-like enzyme constitutes an important regulatory step in the generation of soluble TGF-alpha. Cleavage is activated in response to serum factors and tumor-promoting phorbol esters, leading to depletion of cell surface proTGF-alpha, which disperses as soluble factor. Activation of proTGF-alpha cleavage is mediated by protein kinase C-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The results demonstrate the existence of mechanisms that control the switch of TGF-alpha from a juxtacrine to a paracrine growth factor.
Proteasomal Degradation of the Papillomavirus E2 Protein Is Inhibited by Overexpression of Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4 (2009)

The E2 protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) binds to specific sites in the viral genome to regulate its transcription, replication, and maintenance in infected cells. Like most regulatory proteins, E2 is rapidly turned over. A high-throughput assay was developed to quantify the expression and stability of E2 in vivo, based on its fusion to Renilla luciferase (RLuc). The steady-state levels of Rluc-E2 were quantified by measuring the amounts of associated luciferase activity, and its degradation was measured by monitoring the decrease in enzymatic activity occurring after a block of translation with cycloheximide. Using this assay, the E2 proteins from a low-risk (HPV11) and a high-risk (HPV31) human papillomavirus (HPV) type were found to have short half-lives of 60 min in C33A cervical carcinoma cells and to be ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. Analysis of mutant proteins showed that the instability of E2 is independent of its DNA-binding and transcriptional activities but is encoded within its transactivation domain, the region that binds to the cellular chromatin factor bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) to regulate viral gene transcription. Overexpression of Brd4, or of its C-terminal E2-interaction domain, was found to increase the steady-state levels and stability of wild-type E2 but not of E2 mutants defective for binding Brd4. These results indicate that the stability of E2 is increased upon complex formation with Brd4 and highlight the value of the luciferase assay for the study of E2 degradation.
Overcoming the electroluminescence efficiency limitations of perovskite light-emitting diodes (2015)

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are emerging low-cost emitters with very high color purity, but their low luminescent efficiency is a critical drawback. We boosted the current efficiency (CE) of perovskite light-emitting diodes with a simple bilayer structure to 42.9 candela per ampere, similar to the CE of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes, with two modifications: We prevented the formation of metallic lead (Pb) atoms that cause strong exciton quenching through a small increase in methylammonium bromide (MABr) molar proportion, and we spatially confined the exciton in uniform MAPbBr3 nanograins (average diameter = 99.7 nanometers) formed by a nanocrystal pinning process and concomitant reduction of exciton diffusion length to 67 nanometers. These changes caused substantial increases in steady-state photoluminescence intensity and efficiency of MAPbBr3 nanograin layers.
Silencing Porcine CMAH and GGTA1 Genes Significantly Reduces Xenogeneic Consumption of Human Platelets by Porcine Livers (2016)

Silencing the porcine carbohydrate genes necessary to avoid antibody-mediated rejection in a pig-to-human model also reduces the xenogeneic consumption of human platelets by the porcine liver. The combination of these genetic modifications may be an effective strategy to limit the thrombocytopenia associated with pig-to-human hepatic xenotransplantation.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1989)

Journal Article REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access Authenticity in Music. By Raymond Leppard. pp. [iv] + 80. ( Faber MusicLondon & Boston, 1988, £4.95. ISBN 0-571-10088-0.) TIM CARTER TIM CARTER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 70, Issue 3, August 1989, Pages 384–386, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/70.3.384 Published: 01 August 1989
Identification and characterization of CCK-B/gastrin receptors in human pancreatic cancer cell lines (1994)

The gastrointestinal peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) is known to stimulate growth of human pancreatic cancer in a receptor-mediated fashion. The purpose of this study was to characterize the receptor responsible for the trophic effects of CCK in cancer cells. With the use of homogenates of PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells grown in vitro, the binding characteristics and optimal conditions of radiolabeled selective CCK-receptor antagonists ([3H]L-365,260 and [3H]L-364,718) were examined. Specific and saturable binding was detected with [3H]L-365,260, and Scatchard analysis revealed that the data were consistent for a single site of binding with a binding affinity of 4.3 +/- 0.6 nM and a binding capacity (Bmax) of 283 +/- 68 fmol/mg protein in log phase cells. Binding was dependent on protein concentration, time, temperature, and pH and was sensitive to Na+, K+, Mg2+, and ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. In contrast to log phase cells, Bmax decreased by 80 and 92% in confluent and postconfluent cultures, respectively. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed that binding was in the membrane fraction. Competition experiments indicated that L-365,260 and gastrin were more effective at displacing the radiolabeled L-365,260 than CCK. No binding was detected with the CCK-A antagonist [3H]L-364,718. Assays performed with [3H]L-365,260 on five additional human pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro and tumor tissue from xenografts in nude mice also revealed specific and saturable binding. These results provide the first identification of a CCK-B/gastrin receptor in human pancreatic cancer cells and tumors and explain the effects of CCK on the growth of this malignancy.
Steroidal saponins from Dioscorea panthaica and their cytotoxic activity. (2004)

A new steroidal saponin, dioscoreside E (1), and a known compound, protodioscin (2), were isolated from an ethanol extract of the rhizomes of Dioscorea panthaica. The structure of 1 was established as 3-O-[bis-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2 and 1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(R)-methoxy-25(R)-furosta-5,22(23)-diene-3beta,26-diol, on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxic activity against a panel of tumor cell lines.