gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AGE Metabolites: A Biomarker Linked to Cancer Disparity? (2014)

Socioeconomic and environmental influences are established factors promoting cancer disparity, but the contribution of biologic factors is not clear. We report a mechanistic link between carbohydrate-derived metabolites and cancer that may provide a biologic consequence of established factors of cancer disparity. Glycation is the nonenzymatic glycosylation of carbohydrates to macromolecules, which produces reactive metabolites called advanced glycation end products (AGE). A sedentary lifestyle and poor diet all promote disease and the AGE accumulation pool in our bodies and also increase cancer risk. We examined AGE metabolites in clinical specimens of African American and European American patients with prostate cancer and found a higher AGE concentration in these specimens among African American patients when compared with European American patients. Elevated AGE levels corresponded with expression of the receptor for AGE (RAGE or AGER). We show that AGE-mediated increases in cancer-associated processes are dependent upon RAGE. Aberrant AGE accumulation may represent a metabolic susceptibility difference that contributes to cancer disparity.
Properties and Functions of Scatter Factor/Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Its Receptor c- Met (1993)

Scatter factor (SF), a cell motility factor with a multimodular structure, is identical to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a potent mitogen of various cell types. The receptor for SF/HGF has recently been identified as the c-Met proto-oncogene product, a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. Depending on the target cells and culture conditions, SF/HGF has several distinct activities in vitro, i.e., it induces cell motility, proliferation, invasiveness, tubular morphogenesis, angiogenesis, or cytotoxicity. In vivo, SF/HGF might be involved in tissue regeneration, tumor progression, and embryological processes.
Comparison of Susceptibility of Pest <I>Euschistus servus</I> and Predator <I>Podisus maculiventris</I> (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) to Selected Insecticides (2004)

Susceptibility of the brown stink bug, Euschistus serous (Say), and the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), to acetamiprid, cyfluthrin, dicrotophos, indoxacarb, oxamyl, and thiamethoxam, was compared in residual and oral toxicity tests. Generally, susceptibility of P. maculiventris to insecticides was significantly greater than or not significantly different from that of E. servus. Cyfluthrin and oxamyl were more toxic to the predator than to E. servus in residual and feeding tests, respectively. Dicrotophos is the only compound that exhibited both good residual and oral activity against E. servus, but even this toxicant was more toxic to the predator than to the pest in oral toxicity tests. Feeding on indoxacarb-treated food caused high mortality for both nymphs and adults of P. maculiventris. In contrast, E. servus was unaffected by feeding on food treated with this compound. Insecticide selectivity to P. maculiventris was detected only with acetamiprid for adults in residual toxicity tests and for nymphs in oral toxicity tests. Because insecticide selectivity to P. maculiventris was limited, it is extremely important to conserve P. maculiventris in cotton fields by applying these insecticides for control of brown stink bugs only when the pest reaches economic threshold.
Desorption of radon from activated carbon into a liquid scintillator (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesorption of radon from activated carbon into a liquid scintillatorHoward M. Prichard and Koenraad. MarienCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 1, 155–157Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00252a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00252a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abrogation of c-kit/Steel factor-dependent tumorigenesis by kinase defective mutants of the c-kit receptor: c-kit kinase defective mutants as candidate tools for cancer gene therapy. (1996)

The growth and survival of many types of cancer cells are known to be supported by specific growth factor/cytokine systems. Among these, the activation of c-kit receptor and its ligand steel factor participates in several types of human carcinogenesis. W mutations of laboratory mouse strains are loss of functional mutations of the c-kit receptor. To examine the validity of these mutants in investigating c-kit-mediated carcinogenesis and in the treatment of c-kit-dependent tumors, we introduced various W mutations (W, Wv, and W42) into a transgenic mouse strain carrying human papillomavirus oncogenes, in which c-kit/Steel-mediated tumorigenesis occurs with a very high incidence. In all transgenic strains carrying a W mutation, the c-kit deficiency affected the tumorgenic process to various degrees. Tumor development was markedly suppressed in transgenic strains carrying kinase defective mutations (Wv and W42) in a heterozygous condition. In null-type (W) heterozygous transgenic mice, tumorigenesis was suppressed at a lower level. Moreover, minimal focal legions or, in some cases, no focal legions were found in the testes of W/Wv heterozygous transgenic mice, showing a close relationship between tumor cell growth and the degree of c-kit inactivation. These results indicated that c-kit activity is a pivotal determinant of testicular tumor development and that the kinase defective mutants of c-kit are valuable for treating c-kit-dependent cancer, as well as for clarifying the c-kit-mediated carcinogenesis.
Multidentate-Protected Colloidal Gold Nanocrystals: pH Control of Cooperative Precipitation and Surface Layer Shedding (2011)

Colloidal gold nanocrystals (AuNCs) with broad size tunability and unusual pH-sensitive properties have been synthesized using multidentate polymer ligands. Because they contain both carboxylic functional groups and sterically hindered aliphatic chains, the multidentate ligands can not only reduce gold precursors but also stabilize gold nanoclusters during nucleation and growth. The "as-synthesized" AuNCs are protected by an inner coordinating layer and an outer polymer layer and are soluble in water and polar solvents. When the solution pH is lowered by just 0.6 units (from 4.85 to 4.25), the particles undergo a dramatic cooperative transition from being soluble to insoluble, allowing rapid isolation, purification, and redispersion of the multidentate-protected AuNCs. A surprising finding is that when a portion of the surface carboxylate groups are neutralized by protonation, the particles irreversibly shed their outer polymer layer and become soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. Furthermore, the multidentate polymer coatings are permeable to small organic molecules, in contrast to the tightly packed self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols on gold. These insights are important in regard to the design of "smart" imaging and therapeutic nanoparticles that are activated by small pH changes in the tumor interstitial space or endocytic organelles.
Novel Pharmacophores of Connexin43 Based on the “RXP” Series of Cx43-Binding Peptides (2009)

Gap junction pharmacology is a nascent field. Previous studies have identified molecules that enhance intercellular communication, and may offer potential for innovative antiarrhythmic therapy. However, their specific molecular target(s) and mechanism(s) of action remain unknown. Previously, we identified a 34-aa peptide (RXP-E) that binds the carboxyl terminal domain of Cx43 (Cx43CT) and prevents cardiac gap junction closure and action potential propagation block. These results supported the feasibility of a peptide-based pharmacology to Cx43, but the structure of the core active element in RXP-E, an essential step for pharmacological development, remained undefined. Here, we used a combination of molecular modeling, surface plasmon resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance and patch-clamp strategies to define, for the first time, a unique ensemble of pharmacophores that bind Cx43CT and prevent closure of Cx43 channels. Two particular molecules are best representatives of this family: a cyclized heptapeptide (called CyRP-71) and a linear octapeptide of sequence RRNYRRNY. These 2 small compounds offer the first structural platform for the design of Cx43-interacting gap junction openers. Moreover, the structure of these compounds offers an imprint of a region of Cx43CT that is fundamental to gap junction channel function.
Chemical modification of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor for single site coupling of immunogenic peptides for NMR conformational analysis (1989)

Procedures for chemical modification of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) to allow site-specific coupling of immunogenic peptides are reported. Each of the modified proteins has a single free amino group; the other amino groups of lysine or the amino terminus are blocked by acetylation or guanidination. Two of the derivatives were prepared by protecting Lys-15 by complexation with trypsin or chymotrypsin during acetylation with N-hydroxysuccinimide acetate or guanidination with 3,5-dimethylpyrazole-1-carboxamidine nitrate. A third derivative with a free amino group at the amino terminus was prepared by guanidination of the 4 lysine residues with o-methylisourea. The purity and structural integrity of the modified proteins was checked by NMR spectroscopy. Cysteine-containing peptides can be coupled to the single free amino group using several heterobifunctional linking reagents. N-Succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate is the most satisfactory coupling reagent for NMR studies because of its high specificity. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy shows that the conformation of the modified proteins is almost identical with that of native BPTI. The BPTI derivatives are suitable for use as models for NMR investigations of the conformation of immunogenic peptides conjugated to a carrier protein.
Effect of processing on silk‐based biomaterials: Reproducibility and biocompatibility (2011)

Silk fibroin has been successfully used as a biomaterial for tissue regeneration. To prepare silk fibroin biomaterials for human implantation a series of processing steps are required to purify the protein. Degumming to remove inflammatory sericin is a crucial step related to biocompatibility and variability in the material. Detailed characterization of silk fibroin degumming is reported. The degumming conditions significantly affected cell viability on the silk fibroin material and the ability to form three-dimensional porous scaffolds from the silk fibroin, but did not affect macrophage activation or β-sheet content in the materials formed. Methods are also provided to determine the content of residual sericin in silk fibroin solutions and to assess changes in silk fibroin molecular weight. Amino acid composition analysis was used to detect sericin residuals in silk solutions with a detection limit between 1.0 and 10% wt/wt, while fluorescence spectroscopy was used to reproducibly distinguish between silk samples with different molecular weights. Both methods are simple and require minimal sample volume, providing useful quality control tools for silk fibroin preparation processes.
Technetium 99m-plasmin: a new test for the detection of deep vein thrombosis (1980)

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common medical problem requiring early diagnosis and treatment in order to prevent serious sequelae. Currently available diagnostic acids are suboptimal, since they are either invasive (phlebography), insensitive (ultrasound), or slow (125I-fibrinogen uptake test). The 99Tcm-plasmin test was compared with the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test. The results were concordant in 38 of 40 cases studied (11 concordant positive and 27 concordant negative); a significant correlation (p < 0.05) was found. In a further 20 patients, the 99Tcm-plasmin uptake test was compared with X-ray contrast phlebography. In this series, 12 patients presented with concordant negative results, five patients with concordant positive results and three patients with a positive 99Tcm-plasmin uptake test in the presence of a negative phlebogram. Of these three cases, two presented with clinical evidence of pulmonary embolism and positive perfusion/ventilation lung scans. 99Tcm-plasmin appears to have the potential for early and rapid screening of deep-vein thrombosis 15 minutes after intravenous injection. The test is safe, quick, economic and easy to perform.
Robust damping controller design in power systems with superconducting magnetic energy storage devices (2000)

The decentralized design of low-order robust damping controllers is presented based on a weighted and normalized eigenvalue-distance minimization method (WNEDM) employing several superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) devices. These controllers are aimed at enhancing the damping of multiple inter-area modes in a large power system. This paper describes a comprehensive and systematic way of designing these controllers. Nonlinear simulations further verify the robustness of the damping controllers for various operating conditions.
Managing the data warehouse (1996)

Monitoring Data Warehouse Activity. Monitoring Data Warehouse Data. Managing Security in the Data Warehouse. Administering the Data Warehouse Data Model. Managing Metadata in the Data Warehouse. The User-Centric Data Warehouse. Selecting End-User Access Tools. Managing the Integration and Transformation Interface. OLAP and the Data Warehouse Environment. Managing OLAP in the Data Warehouse Environment. Managed Redundancy in the Data Warehouse Environment. Data Warehouse Team Roles and Responsibilities. Data Warehouse Staffing Requirements. Data Warehouse End-User Roles and Responsibilities. Data Warehouse Project Principles. Appendix. Recommended Reading. Glossary. Index.
Sensitivity of a DI Diesel NOx Model to Changes in Common Rail Pressure, Injection Patterns and EGR (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes some capabilities and limitations of a simplified semi-empirical method of estimating NOx quantities produced during each cycle of diesel engine combustion. This scheme accepts measured cylinder pressure-volume data as an input and uses this to compute NOx pollutant quantities formed during each engine cycle. The methodology employs basic thermodynamic principles but assumes very simplified chemistry of pollutant formation.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The approach taken has relied on the availability of an extensive bank of experimental data obtained from two different light duty common-rail diesel engines. Steady-state tests were carried out over a range of those engine parameters known to affect NOx emissions. Parameters varied included engine speed, equivalence ratio, exhaust gas re-circulation quantity, common rail pressure and start and duration of fuel injection. This paper focuses on assessment of the ability of the model to reflect the measured effects of individual variables, with a view to assessing its suitability for use in real-time onboard emissions control systems.&lt;/div&gt;
DNA cloning in Bacillus subtilis. (1978)

A plasmid pC194, encoding resistance to chloramphenicol, can serve as a cloning vector in Bacillus subtilis 168 for other HindIII-cleaved DNA segments. Replicons constructed by linking pC194 to several Escherichia coli plasmids can be used to introduce and compare the expression of the same genes in these two bacterial hosts.
Anti-HIV therapy with antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes: realistic approaches or expensive myths? (1996)

Anti-HIV therapy with antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes: realistic approaches or expensive myths?
ATAC‐seq: A Method for Assaying Chromatin Accessibility Genome‐Wide (2015)

This unit describes Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq), a method for mapping chromatin accessibility genome-wide. This method probes DNA accessibility with hyperactive Tn5 transposase, which inserts sequencing adapters into accessible regions of chromatin. Sequencing reads can then be used to infer regions of increased accessibility, as well as to map regions of transcription-factor binding and nucleosome position. The method is a fast and sensitive alternative to DNase-seq for assaying chromatin accessibility genome-wide, or to MNase-seq for assaying nucleosome positions in accessible regions of the genome.
Long-term inhibition of murine lupus by brief simultaneous blockade of the B7/CD28 and CD40/gp39 costimulation pathways (1997)

Murine lupus in NZB/NZW F1 (B/W) mice can be retarded by sustained administration of CTLA4Ig and by brief treatment early in life with mAb that block CD40/gp39 interactions. We sought to determine whether brief therapy with CTLA4Ig could provide sustained benefit in B/W mice and whether a synergistic effect could be derived by blockade of both the B7/CD28 and the CD40/gp39 pathways. We found that a short course of CTLA4Ig at the onset of disease produced only short-term benefit. However, when CTLA4Ig was combined with anti-gp39, there was long-lasting inhibition of autoantibody production and renal disease. Ten months after the 2-wk course of therapy, 70% of these mice were alive, compared with only 18% and 0% of those that received only anti-gp39 or CTLA4Ig, respectively. These findings demonstrate that brief simultaneous blockade of the B7/CD28 and CD40/gp39 costimulation pathways can produce benefit that lasts long after treatment has been discontinued.
Ionization and transfection activity of n-methyl-substituted carbamoyl-cholesterol derivatives (2011)

Five novel cationic lipids, the polar head group of which was attached to the cholesterol backbone via a tertiary carbamate linker, were synthesized and their physicochemical properties were compared to their transfection efficiencies. Transfection activity of the primary amine analog was highest among the series, while the quaternary ammonium iodide salt was essentially transfection incompetent. Contrary to DC-Chol, methyl and ethyl carbamoyl derivatives of DC-Chol mediated high levels of transfection in the absence of DOPE. Ionization of the cationic assemblies in 40 mM Tris buffer pH 7.2 exactly correlated with the competitive nature of the inductive and steric effects of the methyl groups on the aliphatic nitrogen of the lipids’ polar moiety. Interestingly, the pH interaction zone of all lipid dispersions at 25°C was extended by ± 2 pH units from the pKa, while the pKa of the cationic lipids determined in mixed vesicles composed of 90 % DOPC and cholesterol was approximately 1.3 to 1.5 times higher than that of pure cationic assemblies. The interaction of cationic lipids with plasmid DNA was correlated with pKa, but not the transfection activity.
Biology of human T cell activation (2003)

Adoptive immunotherapy has great potential to treat a wide variety of diseases, including cancer and infectious diseases, but it requires ex vivo activation and expansion of human T lymphocytes. The research described here used artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) designed to test the requirements for activation and expansion of human CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. First, we have focused on the co-stimulatory requirements of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in polyclonal populations. Although CD4+ T cells require only TCR/CD3 and CD28 stimulation for long-term growth, we have found this to be insufficient for the long-term growth of CD8+ T cells. To overcome the difficulty in expanding CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), we have developed cell-based aAPCs expressing the co-stimulatory molecule 4-1BB ligand in addition to surface coating with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. These aAPCs activate and rapidly expand purified CD8+ T cells from any donor. This system can be used to expand very limited numbers of antigen-specific CTL to numbers suitable for use in immunotherapy within five weeks of ex vivo culture. However, further studies revealed that the engineered cellular aAPCs are likely to provide costimulation beyond the TCR, CD28, and 4-1BB, as bead-based aAPCs coated with the same combination of co-stimulatory molecules were unable to stimulate the long-term expansion of CD8+ T cells. Because successful applications of adoptive immunotherapy will likely require infusions of CD4+ T cells in addition to CTLs, we have also developed antigen-specific aAPC systems for CD4 + T cells, using magnetic beads coated with MHC-peptide complexes as aAPCs. We have found that beads coated with MHC-peptide complexes and anti-CD28 support the long-term growth of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells at least as well as autologous dendritic cells pulsed with peptide, and that no further co-stimulation is required. The CD4+ T cells remain functional and have a Th1 cytokine profile, but maintain the ability to produce the Th2-type cytokine IL-4. Furthermore, antigen-specific aAPCs promote the enrichment of antigen-specific T cells. Thus, artificial APCs provide both a defined system in which to study T cell activation and are proving to be useful in the clinical setting.
Silencing of CXCR4 Blocks Breast Cancer Metastasis (2005)

RNA interference technology, silencing targeted genes in mammalian cells, has become a powerful tool for studying gene function. For the first time in cancer research, we show that direct injection of a pool of naked small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes can prevent tumorigenesis in an animal model, suggesting a novel preventive and therapeutic strategy for cancer management. As a model system, we used siRNA duplexes of CXCR4 to block breast cancer metastasis. Here, we show that blocking CXCR4 expression at the mRNA level by a combination of two siRNAs impairs invasion of breast cancer cells in Matrigel invasion assay and inhibits breast cancer metastasis in an animal model. Targeting more than one site of the target gene may be important to overcome the functional redundancy of other variants of a single gene, especially in in vivo experiments. Moreover, our studies confirm the necessity of CXCR4 in breast cancer metastasis.
Control of siRNA expression utilizing Cre-loxP recombination system (2003)

Vector-mediated systems for specific siRNA expression in mammalian cells using pol III promoters allowing high level of transcription activity have been developed in the past years, widening the usage of RNA interference (RNAi). In this study, we controlled the pol III promoter (U6 promoter)-driven expression of siRNA using the Cre-loxP system. Our "Cre-On" siRNA-expression vector against firefly luciferase activity could be switched on only in the presence of Cre recombinase, which, in this study, was delivered directly from the medium into the cells as TAT-NLS-Cre, a fusion protein with TAT peptide (an Arg rich peptide derived from HIV) and nuclear localizing signal (NLS). Upon the addition of TAT-NLS-Cre, complete and functional siRNAs were generated and reporter activity was suppressed.