gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A minimal solution to the rolling shutter pose estimation problem (2015)

Artefacts that are present in images taken from a moving rolling shutter camera degrade the accuracy of absolute pose estimation. To alleviate this problem, we introduce an addition linear velocity in the camera projection matrix to approximate the motion of the rolling shutter camera. In particular, we derive a minimal solution using the Gröbner Basis that solves for the absolute pose as well as the motion of a rolling shutter camera. We show that the minimal problem requires 5-point correspondences and gives up to 8 real solutions. We also show that our formulation can be extended to use more than 5-point correspondences. We use RANSAC to robustly get all the inliers. In the final step, we relax the linear velocity assumption and do a non-linear refinement on the fuli motion, i.e. linear and angular velocities, and pose of the rolling shutter camera with all the inliers. We verify the feasibility and accuracy of our algorithm with both simulated and real-world datasets.
Three-dimensional automated nanoparticle tracking using Mie scattering in an optical microscope (2011)

The forward scattering of light in a conventional inverted optical microscope by nanoparticles ranging in diameter from 10 to 50nm has been used to automatically and quantitatively identify and track their location in three-dimensions with a temporal resolution of 200ms. The standard deviation of the location of nominally stationary 50-nm-diameter nanoparticles was found to be about 50nm along the light path and about 5nm in the plane perpendicular to the light path. The method is based on oscillating the microscope objective along the light path using a piezo actuator and acquiring images with the condenser aperture closed to a minimum to enhance the effects of diffraction. Data processing in the time and spatial domains allowed the location of particles to be obtained automatically so that the technique has potential applications both in the processing of nanoparticles and in their use in a variety of fields including nanobiotechnology, pharmaceuticals and food processing where a simple optical microscope maybe preferred for a variety of reasons.
Gene amplification: the Chinese hamster glutamine synthetase gene. (1987)

The glutamine analogue, methionine sulphoximine, has been used to develop Chinese hamster ovary cell lines which overproduce the enzyme glutamine synthetase. Southern and Northern blot hybridization studies showed that this overproduction is due to gene amplification of a region of DNA containing the glutamine synthesis gene coding sequences, with a corresponding increase in glutamine synthetase mRNA and protein. This amplification has increased the glutamine synthetase gene copy number to approximately 1000 copies per cell. Genomic DNA sequences from the amplified region have been cloned and the structure of the glutamine synthetase gene within this region is being analysed.
Recognizing Partially Occluded Parts (1985)

The problem of recognizing an object from a partially occluded boundary image is considered, and the concept of saliency of a boundary segment is introduced. Saliency measures the extent to which the boundary segment distinguishes the object to which it belongs from other objects which might be present. An algorithm is presented which optimally determines the saliency of boundary segments of one object with respect to those of a set of other objects. An efficient template matching algorithm using templates weighted by boundary segment saliency is then presented and employed to recognize partially occluded parts. The results of these experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the new technique.
Anti-receptor antibodies reverse the phenotype of cells transformed by two interacting proto-oncogene encoded receptor proteins. (1990)

The neu oncogene product, p185neu, is a tyrosine kinase receptor with structural similarity to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. We have recently described that coexpression of EGF receptors and high levels of normal p185c-neu lead to transformation of rodent fibroblasts. Anti-EGF receptor and anti-p185neu monoclonal antibodies inhibited tumorigenic growth of these transformants implanted into nude mice. These monoclonal antibodies also suppressed focus formation of the cells transformed by the synergistic action of these receptor proteins in vitro. However, EGF enhanced focus formation and stimulated cell growth when added to cells transfected just with the EGF receptor encoding cDNA. These data suggest that receptor specific effectors may have potentially useful applications in cancer therapy for neoplasms which demonstrate increased receptor densities. In addition the data suggest novel differences in the actions of tyrosine kinases when acting alone or in concert with other receptors.
Clonal mesenchymal progenitors from human bone marrow differentiate in vitro according to a hierarchical model (2000)

Bone marrow stromal cells can give rise to several mesenchymal lineages. The existence of a common stem/progenitor cell, the mesenchymal stem cell, has been proposed, but which developmental stages follow this mesenchymal multipotent progenitor is not known. Based on experimental evidence, a model of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation has been proposed in which individual lineages branch directly from the same progenitor. We have verified this model by using clonal cultures of bone marrow derived stromal fibroblasts. We have analyzed the ability of 185 non-immortalized human bone marrow stromal cell clones to differentiate into the three main lineages: osteo-, chondro- and adipogenic. All clones but one differentiated into the osteogenic lineage. About one third of the clones differentiated into all three lineages analyzed. Most clones (60-80%) displayed an osteo-chondrogenic potential. We have never observed clones with a differentiation potential limited to the osteo-adipo- or to the chondro-adipogenic phenotype, nor pure chondrogenic and adipogenic clones. How long the differentiation potential of a number of clones was maintained was assessed throughout their life span. Clones progressively lost their adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential at increasing cell doublings. Our data suggest a possible model of predetermined bone marrow stromal cells differentiation where the tripotent cells can be considered as early mesenchymal progenitors that display a sequential loss of lineage potentials, generating osteochondrogenic progenitors which, in turn, give rise to osteogenic precursors.
Hybrid WDM/TDM-PON with wavelength-selection-free transmitters (2005)

A hybrid wavelength-division-multiplexed/time-division-multiplexed passive optical network serving 128 subscribers with wavelength-selection-free transmitters is presented by cascading 1/spl times/16 arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs) and 1/spl times/8 splitters. The wavelength-selection-free transmitter is an uncooled Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser diode (FP-LD) wavelength-locked to an externally injected narrow-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Bit-error rates better than 10/sup -9/ over temperature ranging from 0 to 60/spl deg/C are achieved in all 16 wavelength channels using a single FP-LD with an ASE injection of about -15 and -2 dBm in 622-Mb/s upstream and 1.25-Gb/s downstream transmissions over a 10-km feeder fiber, respectively. It is also reported that the ASE injection does not exert penalty upon burst-mode operations of the FP-LDs in the upstream.
Objective evaluation of a three-dimensional sound field reproduction system (2010)

We present the results of an empirical evaluation of a three-dimensional sound field reproduction system consisting of 32 loudspeakers installed in a hemi-anechoic room at the University of Sydney. This loudspeaker arrangement allows up to third-order, two-dimensional, and fourth-order, three-dimensional Higher Order Ambisonic (HOA) reproduction of sound fields. The ability of this system to recreate a known sound field at the ears of a listener is evaluated using measurements with an acoustic manikin in the optimal listening position. In particular, we compare the Interaural Time Delay (ITD) and the Interaural Level Difference (ILD) generated by HOA for different sound source angles against reference values measured in an anechoic room. In addition, the influence of a listener’s position on the quality of the reproduction is investigated based on measurements performed for different positions of the manikin around the sweet spot.
Enhancement of Ferroelectricity in Strained BaTiO 3 Thin Films (2004)

Biaxial compressive strain has been used to markedly enhance the ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3 thin films. This strain, imposed by coherent epitaxy, can result in a ferroelectric transition temperature nearly 500 degrees C higher and a remanent polarization at least 250% higher than bulk BaTiO3 single crystals. This work demonstrates a route to a lead-free ferroelectric for nonvolatile memories and electro-optic devices.
An approach towards information systems with very large numbers of subscribers (1980)

The Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT) took the initiative in starting a project concerning two-way cable television in 1976 at the Heinrich-Hertz-Institute. The two-way cable television provided a model for investigating the possibilities of new screen-orientated, interactive systems for large numbers of subscribers using alpha-numerics, graphics, motion-pictures, and sound. One of the most important research aspects proved to be the construction of a computer control centre which would cater for this type of hybrid information system. At present a laboratory model of such a control centre is being developed by the Heinrich-Hertz-Institute in collaboration with the Computer Industry. This model is based on a mini-computer multi-processor system.
Effect of Surface Wettability on Active Nucleation Site Density During Pool Boiling of Water on a Vertical Surface (1993)

Pool boiling of saturated water at 1 atm pressure has been investigated. In the experiments, copper surfaces prepared by following a well-defined procedure were used. The cumulative number density of the cavities and their shapes were determined with an optical microscope. The surface had a mirror finish and had a surface Ra (centerline average) value of less than 0.02 μm. The wettability of the surface was changed by controlling the degree of oxidation of the surface. In the experiments with the primary surface, the wall heat flux and superheat were determined with the help of thermocouples embedded in the test block. The density, spatial distribution, local distribution, and nearest-neighbor distance distribution of active nucleation sites in partial and fully developed nucleate boiling were determined from still pictures.
Fine-Mapping Loss of Gene Architecture at the CDKN2B (p15INK4b), CDKN2A (p14ARF, p16INK4a), and MTAP Genes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2006)

We identified exon 1alpha (p16(INK4a)) as the smallest region of loss in the CDKN2A(ARF, INK4a) gene. The frequency and precise loss of CDKN2B(INK4b), CDKN2A(ARF, INK4a), and MTAP in the prognosis of 9p21-deleted HNSCC may provide impetus for use of these targets as therapeutic biomarkers in head and neck cancer.
Characterization of human breast biopsy specimens with near-IR Raman spectroscopy (1994)

Breast biopsy samples were examined with Raman spectroscopy with laser wavelengths ranging from 406 to 830 nm. A combination of a single-stage spectrograph, band reject filter, and CCD detector permitted low laser powers and minimal risk of sample radiation damage. Spectra of formalin-fixed human tissue revealed Raman features for lipids and carotenoids. The best defined lipid features were observed for 782- and 830-nm laser excitation, while carotenoid features were strongest in the 488-515-nm range due to resonance enhancement. Comparison of the spectra with those of fatty acid esters revealed that the major lipid component is a derivative of oleic acid. Lipid and carotenoid Raman bands were superimposed on a luminescent background which was less prominent at longer laser wavelengths. A compact, portable, diode laser spectrometer was tested in a clinical setting with fiber optic sampling. The results indicate that substantial biochemical information is available from near-IR Raman spectroscopy and the technique may have clinical applications.
Seasonal Changes and Effect of Harvest on Glucosinolates in Isatis leaves (2008)

The seasonal fluctuation of glucosinolates in five defined Isatis tinctoria and one Isatis indigotica accessions (first year, rosette stage), grown on field plots under identical conditions, was investigated. Analysis of the intact glucosinolates was carried out with shock frozen, freeze dried leaf samples using a recently developed and validated PLE (pressurized liquid extraction) protocol and ion-pair HPLC coupled with ESI-MS in the negative mode. When comparing the two Isatis species, significant qualitative and quantitative differences in the glucosinolate patterns were observed. Differences among the various Isatis tinctoria accessions were much smaller. We studied the effects of repeated harvesting during the growth season on glucosinolate concentrations and found that repeated harvest did not have a major effect on glucosinolate concentrations of newly grown leaves. Glucosinolates could not be detected in woad leaves submitted to conventional drying.
Photocleavable fluorescent nucleotides for DNA sequencing on a chip constructed by site-specific coupling chemistry (2004)

DNA sequencing by synthesis on a solid surface offers new paradigms to overcome limitations of electrophoresis-based sequencing methods. Here we report DNA sequencing by synthesis using photocleavable (PC) fluorescent nucleotides [dUTP-PC-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3 alpha,4 alpha-diaza-s-indacene (Bodipy)-FL-510, dCTP-PC-Bodipy-650, and dUTP-PC-6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX)] on a glass chip constructed by 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition coupling chemistry. Each nucleotide analogue consists of a different fluorophore attached to the base through a PC 2-nitrobenzyl linker. We constructed a DNA microarray by using the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition chemistry to site-specifically attach azido-modified DNA onto an alkyne-functionalized glass chip at room temperature under aqueous conditions. After verifying that the polymerase reaction could be carried out successfully on the above-described DNA array, we then performed a sequencing reaction on the chip by using a self-primed DNA template. In the first step, we extended the primer using DNA polymerase and dUTP-PC-Bodipy-FL-510, detected the fluorescent signal from the fluorophore Bodipy-FL-510, and then cleaved the fluorophore using 340 nm UV irradiation. This process was followed by extension of the primer with dCTP-PC-Bodipy-650 and the subsequent detection of the fluorescent signal from Bodipy-650 and its photocleavage. The same procedure was also performed by using dUTP-PC-ROX. The entire process was repeated five times by using the three fluorescent nucleotides to identify 7 bases in the DNA template. These results demonstrate that the PC nucleotide analogues can be incorporated accurately into a growing DNA strand during polymerase reaction on a chip, and the fluorophore can be detected and then efficiently cleaved using near-UV irradiation, thereby allowing the continuous identification of the template sequence.
KRAS and BRAF Mutations in 203 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Pyrosequencing Technology and Literature Review (2012)

These results suggest that KRAS and BRAF mutations play a limited role in the development of ESCC and that mutation analysis is not useful as a screening test for sensitivity to anti-EGFR therapy in ESCC.
Lead and tungsten pinhole inserts for I-131 SPECT tumor imaging: experimental measurements and photon transport simulations (1997)

The potential use of lead and tungsten pinhole inserts for high-resolution SPECT imaging of intratumor activity in I-131 radioimmunotherapy was investigated using experimental point source measurements and photon transport simulations. I-131 imaging is challenging because the primary photon emission is at 364 keV and penetration through the insert near the pinhole aperture is significant. Point source response functions (PSRF's) for lead (Pb) and tungsten (W) pinhole inserts were measured experimentally. These response functions were simulated using a photon transport computer code that modeled the primary emission at 364 keV and secondary emissions at 284, 637, and 723 keV. Scatter within the pinhole insert, camera shielding, and scintillation crystal was modeled. There was good agreement between the experimental and simulated PSRF's. Simulated point source response functions for geometrically identical Pb and W pinhole inserts were narrower for the W insert due to reduced penetration. SPECT pinhole imaging with these inserts was simulated for 3-cm-diameter tumors with a central core and 3-5-mm-thick shells. For one set of simulations there was no core activity, and for a second set the shell:core activity concentration ratio was 5:1. In both cases, the tumor shells were better resolved with the W insect. As a result, shell:core activity ratios were more accurate and contrast was improved with the use of the W pinhole insert. This study suggests that W inserts have potential advantages over Pb inserts for high-resolution I-131 pinhole imaging.
Highly stable low-noise Brillouin fiber laser with ultranarrow spectral linewidth (2006)

We demonstrate an all-fiber high-power single-frequency Brillouin fiber ring laser with maximum power of 100 mW at 1.55 μm, which is actively stabilized by using the Pound-Drever-Hall frequency-locking scheme. Significant reduction (/spl sim/20dB) of both relative intensity noise and frequency noise was observed in the Brillouin Stokes radiation as compared with those noises of its pump source, a narrow-linewidth Er-doped fiber laser. Ultranarrow spectral linewidth of the Brillouin fiber lasers was investigated by both delayed self-heterodyne technique and heterodyne beat technique between two independent Brillouin fiber lasers.
Granulocyte Adherence Changes Induced by Hemodialysis, Endotoxin, Epinephrine, and Glucocorticoids (1977)

Granulocyte adherence was studied in several situations of altered granulycyte kinetics. During the transient granulocytopenia of hemodialysis, adherence increased to 481.7% of baseline by 15 min and was normal by 60 min. One hour after endotoxin administration, adherence was 160.5% of control as granulocyte counts fell to 21.4%; conversely, the 24-h postdose granulocytosis was associated with a 43.0% decrease in adherence. Epinephrine produced a 25.8% decrease in adhereence, with demargination granulocytosis 146.1% of control period. Alternate-day prednisone administration inhibited adhereence by 38.9% on the "on" day, concomitant with prolonged granulocyte intravascular half-life, but adherence returned to normal on the "off" day when intravascular half-life is normal. In each situation, a plasma factor not present in serum was responsible for the modified adherence; if these factors produce the sameadherence changes in vivo, they may be responsible for the alterations noted in granulocyte kinetics.
Apoptotic Cells Activate the “Phoenix Rising” Pathway to Promote Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration (2010)

The ability to regenerate damaged tissues is a common characteristic of multicellular organisms. We report a role for apoptotic cell death in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration in mice. Apoptotic cells released growth signals that stimulated the proliferation of progenitor or stem cells. Key players in this process were caspases 3 and 7, proteases activated during the execution phase of apoptosis that contribute to cell death. Mice lacking either of these caspases were deficient in skin wound healing and in liver regeneration. Prostaglandin E(2), a promoter of stem or progenitor cell proliferation and tissue regeneration, acted downstream of the caspases. We propose to call the pathway by which executioner caspases in apoptotic cells promote wound healing and tissue regeneration in multicellular organisms the "phoenix rising" pathway.
Crystal Structure of the IMP-1 Metallo β-Lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Its Complex with a Mercaptocarboxylate Inhibitor:  Binding Determinants of a Potent, Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor, (2000)

Metallo beta-lactamase enzymes confer antibiotic resistance to bacteria by catalyzing the hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics. This relatively new form of resistance is spreading unchallenged as there is a current lack of potent and selective inhibitors of metallo beta-lactamases. Reported here are the crystal structures of the native IMP-1 metallo beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its complex with a mercaptocarboxylate inhibitor, 2-[5-(1-tetrazolylmethyl)thien-3-yl]-N-[2-(mercaptomethyl)-4 -(phenylb utyrylglycine)]. The structures were determined by molecular replacement, and refined to 3.1 A (native) and 2.0 A (complex) resolution. Binding of the inhibitor in the active site induces a conformational change that results in closing of the flap and transforms the active site groove into a tunnel-shaped cavity enclosing 83% of the solvent accessible surface area of the inhibitor. The inhibitor binds in the active site through interactions with residues that are conserved among metallo beta-lactamases; the inhibitor's carboxylate group interacts with Lys161, and the main chain amide nitrogen of Asn167. In the "oxyanion hole", the amide carbonyl oxygen of the inhibitor interacts through a water molecule with the side chain of Asn167, the inhibitor's thiolate bridges the two Zn(II) ions in the active site displacing the bridging water, and the phenylbutyryl side chain binds in a hydrophobic pocket (S1) at the base of the flap. The flap is displaced 2.9 A compared to the unbound structure, allowing Trp28 to interact edge-to-face with the inhibitor's thiophene ring. The similarities between this inhibitor and the beta-lactam substrates suggest a mode of substrate binding and the role of the conserved residues in the active site. It appears that the metallo beta-lactamases bind their substrates by establishing a subset of binding interactions near the catalytic center with conserved characteristic chemical groups of the beta-lactam substrates. These interactions are complemented by additional nonspecific binding between the more variable groups in the substrates and the flexible flap. This unique mode of binding of the mercaptocarboxylate inhibitor in the enzyme active site provides a binding model for metallo beta-lactamase inhibition with utility for future drug design.
Rule-based translation with statistical phrase-based post-editing (2007)

This article describes a machine translation system based on an automatic post-editing strategy: initially translate the input text into the target-language using a rule-based MT system, then automatically post-edit the output using a statistical phrase-based system. An implementation of this approach based on the SYSTRAN and PORTAGE MT systems was used in the shared task of the Second Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation. Experimental results on the test data of the previous campaign are presented.