gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A disaccharide that inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha is formed from the extracellular matrix by the enzyme heparanase. (1995)

The activation of T cells by antigens or mitogens leads to the secretion of cytokines and enzymes that shape the inflammatory response. Among these molecular mediators of inflammation is a heparanase enzyme that degrades the heparan sulfate scaffold of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Activated T cells use heparanase to penetrate the ECM and gain access to the tissues. We now report that among the breakdown products of the ECM generated by heparanase is a trisulfated disaccharide that can inhibit delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. This inhibition of T-cell mediated inflammation in vivo was associated with an inhibitory effect of the disaccharide on the production of biologically active tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by activated T cells in vitro; the trisulfated disaccharide did not affect T-cell viability or responsiveness generally. Both the in vivo and in vitro effects of the disaccharide manifested a bell-shaped dose-response curve. The inhibitory effects of the trisulfated disaccharide were lost if the sulfate groups were removed. Thus, the disaccharide, which may be a natural product of inflammation, can regulate the functional nature of the response by the T cell to activation. Such a feedback control mechanism could enable the T cell to assess the extent of tissue degradation and adjust its behavior accordingly.
Chronic daily headache: nosology and pathophysiology (2002)

Systematic scientific classification of primary headaches is inexact, relying on clinical features because the disorders lack diagnostic markers, although the International Headache Society classification has been successful in providing relatively homogenous clinical groups for pathophysiological and therapeutic studies. One area in which there have been particular difficulties and uncertainty is in classifying patients with frequent headache, particularly chronic daily headache. Clinical research on the topic is limited, and imprecise because of uncertainties of definition. Rigorous basic or applied clinical research is a rarity, attested to by a paucity of new publications in the past year. Accordingly, the scientific basis of chronic daily headaches remains to be determined. There is agreement on one issue: for headache specialists and neurologists this is an important clinical problem. We take the position that chronic daily headache is what it says--frequent headache. As hematologists make a diagnosis of anemia, which invites further investigation and sub-classification, neurologists might diagnose chronic daily headache not to imply that all its causes are the same but simply to begin the clinical process.
Design, Fabrication, and Evaluation of Microfabricated Columns for Gas Chromatography (2004)

The design, fabrication, and performance of gas chromatography columns etched in silicon substrates are described. Deep reactive-ion etching formed the 3-m-long, 150-microm-wide, 240-microm-deep rectangular cross section channels. A glass cover plate was anodically bonded to the remaining surface of the substrate forming the gastight channel. For some of the columns, the silicon channels were oxidized before the channels were sealed with the glass plates. Fused-silica capillary connecting tubes were sealed into ports on the edge of the 3.2-cm x 3.2-cm substrate chips. Dynamic coating was used to deposit a film of nonpolar dimethyl polysiloxane or moderately polar trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxane stationary phase. The columns were evaluated in a conventional benchtop GC instrument with split injection and flame ionization detection. Column efficiency was evaluated by the use of plots of height equivalent to a theoretical plate versus average carrier gas velocity using both hydrogen and air as carrier gases. The number of theoretical plates measured at the average carrier gas velocity giving the minimum plate height ranged from 4600 to 8200 plates for the dimethyl polysiloxane columns and from 3500 to 5500 plates for the trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxane columns. Minimum plate height was significantly smaller with air as carrier gas. For the nonpolar phase, the nonoxidized surface gave approximately 1500 plates more than the oxidized surface for both carrier gases. For the polar phase, the oxidized surface gave approximately 200 plates more than the nonoxidized surface. Isothermal chromatograms of a 20-component multifunctional mixture and temperature-programmed chromatograms of a normal alkane mixture are presented.
Autophagic dysfunction in a lysosomal storage disorder due to impaired proteolysis (2012)

Alterations in macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as "autophagy") are a common feature of lysosomal storage disorders, and have been hypothesized to play a major role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. We have recently reported multiple defects in autophagy contributing to the lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick type C (NPC). These include increased formation of autophagosomes, slowed turnover of autophagosomes secondary to impaired lysosomal proteolysis, and delivery of stored lipids to the lysosome via autophagy. The study summarized here describes novel methods for the interrogation of individual stages of the autophagic pathway, and suggests mechanisms by which lipid storage may result in broader lysosomal dysfunction.
Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐N,O‐dimethacryloylhydroxylamine) particles by dispersion polymerization (2002)

Abstract Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐ co ‐ N , O ‐dimethacryloylhydroxylamine) particles were prepared by dispersion polymerization in toluene/2‐methylpropan‐1‐ol medium using cellulose acetate butyrate and dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a steric stabilizer and initiator, respectively. The particle size was reduced with decreasing solvency of the reaction medium (more nuclei were generated) because the critical chain length of the precipitated oligomers decreased with an increasing toluene content, which is a poorer solvent for the polymer than 2‐methylpropan‐1‐ol. There is an optimum initiator concentration (2 wt % BPO relative to monomers) for producing low‐polydispersity particles under given conditions. Additionally, discrete spherical particles were obtained at a low monomer concentration and/or higher polymerization temperature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1625–1632, 2002
Transfer characteristics of the microchannel spatial light modulator (1989)

The microchannel spatial light modulator (MSLM) is a versatile optically addressed spatial light modulator for optical computing and the optical neural network. In this paper the transfer characteristics of the MSLM are presented. The addressability and readability of the device and their relationships are discussed theoretically and experimentally from the viewpoint of the device structure and performance.
The design of wide-band transistor feedback amplifiers (1963)

A design technique is developed which apparently overcomes all the limitations of common-emitter transistor video amplifiers. This technique is based on the use of the impedance mismatch which occurs between stages having alternate series and shunt feedback. It is shown that the realizable gain-bandwidth product is in excess of 0.9ωT, the gain and bandwidth are insensitive to transistor parameter variations, and large output voltages may be obtained. The equations for both gain and bandwidth are developed in a form which is particularly suited to practical design work, and are accurate despite their comparative simplicity.In addition to the main treatment, the design of terminal stages and of multi-stage feedback loops is considered in detail, and some aspects of the theory of noise in feedback amplifiers are discussed.Two complete design examples are described. These are a 20dB 25Mc/s amplifier for 75Ω lines using two OC170 transistors, and a vidicon head-amplifier which achieves 3 × 10−9 A noise at the input in a 5 Mc/s bandwidth.
Sum rate analysis of SDMA transmission in single carrier FDMA system (2008)

Single carrier (SC) FDMA was agreed to be chosen for 3GPP-long term evolution (LTE) uplink. A recent discussed feature for boosting up bit rates in LTE uplink is to apply SDMA (space division multiple access) to enable users to communicate with the serving base station using the same frequency resource. This paper analyzes the achievable sum rate in SC-FDMA system uplink, where SDMA with frequency domain linear zero forcing equalizer is assumed for the users. Analytical results show that in general SDMA with SC-FDMA has inferior rate performance to that with OFDMA. Furthermore, a simple algorithm is proposed to find the group of users for SDMA transmission based on the wideband average spatial correlation. Significant performance improvement against fixed grouping is shown for 3GPP-LTE uplink scenarios.
Vanadium phenolates as models for vanadium in biological systems. 1. Synthesis, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry of vanadium complexes of ethylenebis[(o-hydroxyphenyl)glycine] and its derivatives (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVanadium phenolates as models for vanadium in biological systems. 1. Synthesis, spectroscopy, and electrochemistry of vanadium complexes of ethylenebis[(o-hydroxyphenyl)glycine] and its derivativesJoseph A. Bonadies and Carl J. CarranoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 14, 4088–4095Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00274a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00274a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views883Altmetric-Citations142LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Delayed-Shot 3D Depth Migration (2005)

Abstract For 3D seismic imaging in structurally complex areas, the use of migration by wavefield extrapolation has become widespread. By its very nature, this family of migration methods operates on data sets that satisfy a wave equation in the context of a single, physically realizable field experiment, such as a common-shot record. However, common-shot migration of data recorded over dipping structures requires a migration aperture much larger than the recording aperture, resulting in extra computations. A different type of wave-equation record, the response to a linear or planar source, can be synthesized from all the common-shot records. Synthesizing these records from common-shot records involves slant-stack processing, or applying delays to the various shots; we call these records delayed-shot records. Delayed-shot records don't suffer from the aperture problems of common-shot records since their recording aperture is the length of the seismic survey. Consequently, delayed-shot records hold potential for efficient, accurate imaging by wavefield extrapolation. We present a formulation of delayed-shot migration in 2D and 3D (linear sources) and its application to 3D marine streamer data. This formulation includes a discussion of sampling theory issues associated with the formation of delayed-shot records. For typical marine data, 2D and 3D delayed-shot migration can be significantly more efficient than common-shot migration. Synthetic and real data examples show that delayed-shot migration produces images comparable to those from common-shot migration.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination and cancer prevention: a critical review of the human experience. (1976)

Published studies of the cancer experiences of children vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in antituberculosis programs were reviewed and the strengths and weaknesses of each evaluated. There is little evidence that vaccination outside of the neonatal period is effective. If there is an effect of neonatal vaccination, it must convey only a small amount of "protection." Follow-up studies adequate to assess the long-term effects of such vaccination, particularly the risk of lymphoma, have not been done, and recent evidence indicates that such evaluation is warranted.
Adipocyte-specific transcription factor ARF6 is a heterodimeric complex of two nuclear hormone receptors, PPAR7 and RXRa (1994)

Previously, we identified a novel transcription factor, ARF6, as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. In order to identify the proteins which comprise the adipocyte ARF6 complex, we have purified this DNA binding activity from a cultured adipocyte cell line. We have developed a system for growth and differentiation of HIB-1B brown adipocytes in suspension culture that facilitates the production of large quantities of adipocyte nuclear extract. ARF6 was purified from HIB-1B nuclear extract by a combination of conventional and sequence-specific DNA affinity chromotography. Chemical sequencing and mass spectral analysis of tryptic peptides derived from the purified polypeptides identifies the ARF6 complex as a heterodimer of the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) and the murine peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma). Of the known PPAR gamma isoforms, PPAR gamma is the predominant form expressed in adipose tissue. These results suggest that PPAR gamma 2 serves a unique function among PPAR family members as an important regulator of adipocyte-specific gene expression.
A Suboptimal PTS Algorithm Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Technique for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems (2008)

A suboptimal partial transmit sequence (PTS) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is presented for the low computation complexity and the reduction of the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. In general, PTS technique can improve the PAPR statistics of an OFDM system. However, it will come with an exhaustive search over all combinations of allowed phase weighting factors and the search complexity increasing exponentially with the number of subblocks. In this paper, we work around potentially computational intractability; the proposed PSO scheme exploits heuristics to search the optimal combination of phase factors with low complexity. Simulation results show that the new technique can effectively reduce the computation complexity and PAPR reduction.
A compact millimeter-wave energy transmission system for wireless applications (2013)

A compact energy transmission system in 40nm standard CMOS is presented. The system consists of a 60GHz VCO followed by a quad-core power amplifier as transmitter and an RF-to-DC converter as receiver. The total power delivered by the quad-core PA to its four 50Ω loads is 24.6dBm. The receiver is a complementary cross-coupled rectifier with a measured efficiency of 28% while supplying 1mA of current. The system can support amplitude and frequency modulations and beam-forming capabilities for wireless applications with minimal front-end complexities.
End-Stage Alzheimer's Disease: Glasgow Coma Scale and the Neurologic Examination (1995)

Rudimentary neurologic functions can be readily assessed and, when viewed together with the Glasgow Coma Scale, may circumvent the "floor effect" frequently encountered when using the currently available cognitive and functional scales and, thereby, better define patients with end-stage Alzheimer's disease.
Wild-type and mutant p53 differentially regulate transcription of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene. (1996)

The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-I-R) plays a critical role in transformation events. It is highly overexpressed in most malignant tissues where it functions as an anti-apoptotic agent by enhancing cell survival. Tumor suppressor p53 is a nuclear transcription factor that blocks cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis. p53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. Cotransfection of Saos-2 (os-teosarcoma-derived cells) and RD (rhabdomyosarcoma-derived cells) cells with IGF-I-R promoter constructs driving luciferase reporter genes and with wild-type p53 expression vectors suppressed promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. This effect of p53 is mediated at the level of transcription and it involves interaction with TBP, the TATA box-binding component of TFIID. On the other hand, three tumor-derived mutant forms of p53 (mut 143, mut 248, and mut 273) stimulated the activity of the IGF-I-R promoter and increased the levels of IGF-I-R/luciferase fusion mRNA. These results suggest that wild-type p53 has the potential to suppress the IGF-I-R promoter in the postmitotic, fully differentiated cell, thus resulting in low levels of receptor gene expression in adult tissues. Mutant versions of p53 protein, usually associated with malignant states, can derepress the IGF-I-R promoter, with ensuing mitogenic activation by locally produced or circulating IGFs.
Molecular and functional characterisation of E2F-5, a new member of the E2F family. (1995)

The transcription factor DRTF1/E2F is implicated in the control of cellular proliferation due to its interaction with key regulators of cell cycle progression, such as the retinoblastoma tumour suppressor gene product and related pocket proteins, cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. DRTF1/E2F DNA binding activity arises when a member of two distinct families of proteins, DP and E2F, interact as DP/E2F heterodimers. Here, we report the isolation and characterisation of a new member of the E2F family of proteins, called E2F-5. E2F-5 was isolated through a yeast two hybrid assay in which a 14.5 d.p.c. mouse embryo library was screened for molecules capable of binding to murine DP-1, but also interacts with all known members of the DP family of proteins. E2F-5 exists as a physiological heterodimer with DP-1 in the generic DRTF1/E2F DNA binding activity present in mammalian cell extracts, an interaction which results in co-operative DNA binding activity and transcriptional activation through the E2F site. A potent transcriptional activation domain, which functions in both yeast and mammalian cells and resides in the C-terminal region of E2F-5, is specifically inactivated upon pocket protein binding. Comparison of the sequence with other members of the family indicates that E2F-5 shows a greater level of similarity with E2F-4 than to E2F-1, -2 and -3. The structural and functional similarity of E2F-5 and E2F-4 defines a subfamily of E2F proteins.
Molecular Composition and Orientation of Interstitial versus Surface Silicon Oxides for Si(111)/SiO2 and Si(100)/SiO2 Interfaces using FT-IR and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopies (2003)

This work represents a characterization study of silicon oxide on Si(111) and Si(100) surfaces intended for use as substrates in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) on chip devices. Samples have been prepared using either native oxide formation or thermal oxidation, and they have also been treated for activation of hydroxyl groups on their surface. Both Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used in order to understand the molecular orientation as well as the chemical composition of the various oxide types formed during these different oxidation processes. These spectroscopic studies reveal the formation of two different types of oxides on these substrates. The first type is a thin oxide layer on the surface, whereas the second type, called interstitial, is found deeper in the substrate. Specifically, it was found that the Si(100) substrate forms a randomly oriented interstitial oxide, whereas the presence of a lower quantity but more oriented interstitial oxide was found for the Si(111) substrate. In addition, we report for the first time the position of the impurity oxygen for Si(111) substrates at 1122 cm(-1). Finally, in both Si(100) and Si(111) substrates, the thin (<15 A) silicon oxide layers are oriented and appear to contain silicon atoms of similar oxidation states. In contrast, both the thicker surface film (100 A) as well as the interstitial oxide produced by the thermal oxidation procedure show random orientation and relative uniformity. Overall these orientation studies clearly show that the formation process of surface oxides in different substrates clearly creates species that are oriented differently with respect to the surface.
Aggregated modeling and control of a boost-buck cascade converter for maximum power point tracking of a thermoelectric generator (2008)

For a wide output voltage ranged thermoelectric generator, it is necessary to have a dc-dc converter that allows voltage boost and buck functions. In this paper, a boost-buck cascade dc-dc converter is adopted to allow input voltage range from near 0 V to 25 V and output voltage range from 12.3 V to 16.5 V, needed for vehicle battery charging. To ensure a smooth operating mode change, a modified maximum power point tracking controller is used to control the first stage converter duty cycle while regulating the second stage output voltage. A conventional duty cycle controller is then used to control the second stage converter while regulating the middle dc bus voltage. In order to avoid intricate relationship between two controller duty cycles, a novel aggregated modeling approach is proposed. The small signal model is analyzed, and the design guidelines for the power converter and controller are provided. Experimental results indicate smooth transition between changes and load steps, and the effectiveness of the proposed modeling and the controller design is verified.
DEVELOPMENT OF RADIOGRAPHIC DAMAGE DURING THE FIRST 5–6 YR OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. A PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF A SWEDISH COHORT (1995)

The objective of this study was to describe the development of radiographic damage in patients with RA and to search for predictors of radiographic progression over 5 yr. One hundred and thirteen patients, 75 female and 38 male, mean age 53 yr, with definite RA and mean disease duration of 11.4 months, were followed prospectively for 5 yr at an out-patient clinic. Radiographs of the hands and feet were performed annually, and evaluated according to Larsen. The predictive value of demographic, clinical and laboratory variables at study start was evaluated. A stepwise logistic regression model was applied. We found that radiological joint damage occurred early and was significantly progressive during the 5 study years. The rate of progression was most prominent during the first 2 yr. At study start, 53% of the patients had no detectable erosions, but only 11% remained non-erosive. Twenty-six per cent of the patients with the initial presence of erosions did not progress substantially and needed no aggressive therapy. High joint damage progression during the first year, female gender and high baseline ESR could predict 57% of the patients with high total radiographic progression. Age, disease duration, rheumatoid factor, genetic factors, active joint count and the presence of erosions at study start had no predictive value.