gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelium of normal tissue vessels and vascular tumors. (1993)

This study demonstrates that the expression of adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin and selectin family on normal tissue endothelium, and vascular tumors is much less predictable than that obtained with other vascular markers such as F8 RA, CD31, CD34, and CD36. Adhesion molecules show considerable heterogeneity of expression on vascular endothelium which presumably reflects their varied functions on different types of vessel. In general their expression is markedly reduced on vascular tumors.
Life-long sustained mortality advantage of siblings of centenarians (2002)

Although survival to old age is known to have strong environmental and behavioral components, mortality differences between social groups tend to diminish or even disappear at older ages. Hypothesizing that surviving to extreme old age entails a substantial familial predisposition for longevity, we analyzed the pedigrees of 444 centenarian families in the United States. These pedigrees included 2,092 siblings of centenarians, whose survival was compared with 1900 birth cohort survival data from the U.S. Social Security Administration. Siblings of centenarians experienced a mortality advantage throughout their lives relative to the U.S. 1900 cohort. Female siblings had death rates at all ages about one-half the national level; male siblings had a similar advantage at most ages, although diminished somewhat during adolescence and young adulthood. Relative survival probabilities for these siblings increase markedly at older ages, reflecting the cumulative effect of their mortality advantage throughout life. Compared with the U.S. 1900 cohort, male siblings of centenarians were at least 17 times as likely to attain age 100 themselves, while female siblings were at least 8 times as likely.
28 GHz omni-directional quasi-optical transmitter array (1995)

Omni-directional base stations are needed in many emerging wireless communication systems. This paper presents the first adaptation of a quasi-optical oscillator array for this purpose. A 28 GHz active oscillator element containing a modified Vivaldi endfire antenna is utilized as the unit cell. Twelve of these are incorporated into the circular array, which is powered from a single DC power supply. The array has a high combining efficiency and remains frequency-locked over a span of 600 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The role of antineuraminidase antibody in immunity to influenza virus infection. (1969)

Experimental studies in mice have provided evidence that antibody specific for viral neuraminidase markedly inhibits influenza virus replication in the lungs of animals challenged with virus containing homologous neuraminidase. In contrast to antihaemagglutinin antibody, antineuraminidase antibody does not increase resistance to the initiation of infection, but does reduce the capacity for subsequent transmission of infection.The 1968 Hong Kong virus was found to possess a haemagglutinin antigen markedly different from previous A2 strains but its neuraminidase is indistinguishable from the enzyme antigens of 1967-68 A2 viruses, and protection of mice immunized with 1957 and 1967 A2 viruse and challenged with Hong Kong virus was entirely attributable to antineuraminidase antibody.The desirability of systematically examining the protective effects of antineuraminidase antibody in man and of revising current methods for selection and standardization of influenza vaccines are discussed.
Gene expression changes of prostanoid synthases in endothelial cells and prostanoid receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells caused by aging and hypertension (2007)

The present study was designed to assess whether or not changes in genomic expression of cyclooxygenases (COX-1, COX-2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and prostanoid synthases in the endothelium and of prostanoid receptors in vascular smooth muscle contribute to the occurrence of endothelium-dependent contractions during aging and hypertension. Gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR using isolated endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMC) from the aorta of Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Genes for all known prostanoid synthases and receptors were present in endothelial cells and SMC, respectively. Aging caused overexpression of eNOS, COX-1, COX-2, thromboxane synthase, hematopoietic-type prostaglandin D synthase, membrane prostaglandin E synthase-2, and prostaglandin F synthase in endothelial cells and COX-1 and prostaglandin E(2) (EP)(4) receptors in SMC. Hypertension augmented the expression of COX-1, prostacyclin synthase, thromboxane synthase, and hematopoietic-type prostaglandin D synthase in endothelial cells and prostaglandin D(2) (DP), EP(3), and EP(4) receptors in SMC. The increase in genomic expression of endothelial COX-1 explains why in aging and hypertension the endothelium has greater propensity to release cyclooxygenase-derived vasoconstrictive prostanoids. The expression of prostacyclin synthase was by far the most abundant, explaining why the majority of the COX-1-derived endoperoxides are transformed into prostacyclin, substantiating the role of prostacyclin as an endothelium-derived contracting factor. The expression of thromboxane synthase was increased in the cells of aging or hypertensive rats, explaining why the prostanoid can contribute to endothelium-dependent contractions. It is uncertain whether the gene modifications caused by aging and hypertension directly contribute to endothelium-dependent contractions or rather to vascular aging and the vascular complications of the hypertensive process.
Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes): developmental model for the study of alcohol teratology (2006)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Animal models are necessary to investigate the mechanism of alcohol‐induced birth defects. We have used Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) as a non‐mammalian model to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) of ethanol teratogenesis. METHODS: Medaka eggs, within 1 hr post‐fertilization (hpf) were exposed to waterborne ethanol (0–1000 mM) in hatching solution for 48 hr. Embryo development was observed daily until 10 days post‐fertilization (dpf). The concentration of embryonic ethanol was determined enzymatically. Cartilage and bones were stained by Alcian blue and calcein, respectively and skeletal and cardiovascular defects were assessed microscopically. Genetic gender of the embryos was determined by PCR. Levels of two isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) mRNAs were determined by semi‐quantitative and real‐time RT‐PCR. RESULTS: The concentration of ethanol required to cause 50% mortality (LC 50 ) in 10 dpf embryos was 568 mM, however, the embryo absorbed only 15–20% of the waterborne ethanol at all ethanol concentrations. The length of the lower jaw and calcification in tail fin cartilaginous structures were reduced by ethanol exposure. Active blood circulation was exhibited at 50+ hpf in embryos treated with 0–100 mM ethanol; active circulation was delayed and blood clots developed in embryos treated with 200–400 mM ethanol. The deleterious effects of ethanol were not gender‐specific. Moreover, ethanol treatment was unable to alter the constitutive expression of either Adh5 or Adh8 mRNA in the medaka embryo. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results suggested that embryogenesis in medaka was significantly affected by ethanol exposure. Phenotypic features normally associated with ethanol exposure were similar to that observed in mammalian models of fetal alcohol syndrome. The results further indicated that medaka embryogenesis might be used as an alternative non‐mammalian model for investigating specific alterations in gene expression as a means to understand the molecular mechanism(s) of ethanol‐induced birth defects. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 77:29–39, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of Escherichia coli-Expressed Stalk Domain Immunogens of H1N1 Hemagglutinin That Protect Mice from Lethal Challenge (2012)

The hemagglutinin protein (HA) on the surface of influenza virus is essential for viral entry into the host cells. The HA1 subunit of HA is also the primary target for neutralizing antibodies. The HA2 subunit is less exposed on the virion surface and more conserved than HA1. We have previously designed an HA2-based immunogen derived from the sequence of the H3N2 A/HK/68 virus. In the present study, we report the design of an HA2-based immunogen from the H1N1 subtype (PR/8/34). This immunogen (H1HA0HA6) and its circular permutant (H1HA6) were well folded and provided complete protection against homologous viral challenge. Antisera of immunized mice showed cross-reactivity with HA proteins of different strains and subtypes. Although no neutralization was observable in a conventional neutralization assay, sera of immunized guinea pigs competed with a broadly neutralizing antibody, CR6261, for binding to recombinant Viet/04 HA protein, suggesting that CR6261-like antibodies were elicited by the immunogens. Stem domain immunogens from a seasonal H1N1 strain (A/NC/20/99) and a recent pandemic strain (A/Cal/07/09) provided cross-protection against A/PR/8/34 viral challenge. HA2-containing stem domain immunogens therefore have the potential to provide subtype-specific protection.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Like DNA Sequences and Immunoreactive Viral Particles with Unique Association with Breast Cancer (1998)

RAK antigens p120, p42, and p25 exhibit molecular and immunological similarity to the proteins encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and are expressed by 95% of breast and gynecological cancer cases in women and prostate cancer cases in men. The binding of an epitope-specific anti-HIV-1 gp120 monoclonal antibody (MAb) (amino acids 308 to 322) to cancer RAK antigens has been found to be inhibited by a peptide derived from variable loop V3 of HIV-1. Breast cancer DNAs of 40 patients were PCR amplified with HIV-1 gp41-derived primers, and all of the samples were found to be positive. The DNA fragments amplified in seven blindly selected breast cancer samples were sequenced. The breast cancer DNA sequences showed at least 90% homology to the HIV-1 gene for gp41. Antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the HIV-1-like sequences inhibited reverse transcriptase activity and inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro. Viral particles detected in breast cancer cell lines were strongly immunogold labeled with the anti-HIV-1 gp120 MAb. The results obtained strongly suggest that the long-postulated breast cancer virus may, in fact, be related to HIV-1.
MurineNkg2dandCd94are clustered within the natural killer complex and are expressed independently in natural killer cells (1998)

Natural killer (NK) cells express C-type lectin-like receptors, encoded in the NK gene complex, that interact with major histocompatibility complex class I and either inhibit or activate functional activity. Human NK cells express heterodimers consisting of CD94 and NKG2 family molecules, whereas murine NK cells express homodimers belonging to the Ly-49 family. The corresponding orthologues for other species, however, have not been described. In this report, we used probes derived from the expressed sequence tag database to clone C57BL/6-derived cDNAs homologous to human NKG2-D and CD94. Among normal tissues, murine NKG2-D and CD94 transcripts are highly expressed only in activated NK cells, including both Ly-49A+ and Ly-49A- subpopulations. Additionally, mNKG2-D is expressed in murine NK cell clones KY-1 and KY-2, whereas mCD94 expression is observed only in KY-1 cells but not KY-2. Last, we have finely mapped the physical location of the Cd94 (centromeric) and Nkg2d (telomeric) genes between Cd69 and the Ly49 cluster in the NK complex. Thus, these data indicate the expanding complexity of the NK complex and the corresponding repertoire of C-type lectin-like receptors on murine NK cells.
Windows NT Device Driver Development (1998)

From the Publisher:
The definitive, comprehensive, and technically accurate resource on Windows NT device drivers from the internationally-recognized experts in the field. The book will approach the topic from the standpoint that a device driver is really an operating system extension. Windows NT Device Drivers is the definitive technical reference in this topic area. The book will begin with an introduction to the general Windows NT operating system concepts relevant to drivers, then progress to more detailed information about the operating system, such as interrupt management and synchronization issues. Next, the I/O Subsystem, and how it interacts with drivers will be explored, followed by detailed information on the implementation of standard kernel mode drivers. Finally, alternative WNT driver architectures; such as SCSI, NDIS, Video miniport, and WDM Minidrivers will be discussed
Provides NT Network Developers with the definitive resource NT device drivers
More technically rigorous, comprehensive, and accurate than The WNT Device Driver Book by Baker
Written by the widely-acknowledged and highly-respected experts in the field
A Novel Nasal Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure (EPAP) Device for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2011)

NCT00772044.
MIT Project Athena: A Model for Distributed Campus Computing (1991)

Based on thousands of pages of reports and the author's own experience, this book covers the design, implementation and performance of Project Athena - a production system of networked workstations that is intended to replace time-sharing as the preferred model of computing at MIT. The book is divided into four parts, covering management, pedagogy, technology and administration. Appendixes describe the deployment of Project Athena systems at five other schools, provide guidelines for installation and recommend end-user policies.
Structure-Based Drug Design (2018)

AIDS Inhibitors of HIV-1 Protease, Krzysztof Appelt A Review of Structural Studies of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Implications for Drug Design, Jianping Ding, Kalyan Das, Prem N. S. Yadav, Yu Hsiou, Wanyi Zhang, Stephen H. Hughes, and Edward Arnold Retroviral Integrase: Structure as a Foundation for Drug Design, Alison B. Hickman and Fred Dyda Arthritis and Inflammation Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists, Donald J. Kyle Cancer Design of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Inhibitors, Y. Sudhakara Babu, John A. Montgomery, Charles E. Bugg, W. Michael Carson, Sthanam V. L. Narayana, William J. Cook, Steven E. Ealick, Wayne C. Guida, Mark Erion, and John Secrist III Structural Implications in the Design of Matrix-Metalloproteinase Inhibitors, John C. Spurlino Structure - Function Relationships in Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases, Igor Tsigelny and Michael Baker Design of ATP Competitive Specific Inhibitors of Protein Kinases Using Template Modeling, Janusz M. Sowadski, Charles A. Ellis, Rolf Karlsson, and Madhusudan Diabetes Mellitis Structural Studies of Aldose Reductase Inhibition, David K. Wilson, J. Mark Petrash, and Florante A. Quiocho Heart Diseases Structure-Based Design of Thrombin Inhibitors, Patricia C. Weber and Michael Czarniecki Design of Antithrombotic Agents Directed at Factor Xa, William C. Ripka Polypeptide Modulators of Sodium Channel Function as a Basis for the Development of Novel Cardiac Stimulants, Raymond S. Norton Rational Design of Renin Inhibitors, V. Dhanaraj and J. B. Cooper Parkinson's Disease Structural Aspects in the Inhibitor Design of Catechol O-Methyltransferase, Jukka Vidgren and Martti Ovaska Sleeping Sickness Antitrypanosomiasis Drug Development Based on Structures of Glycolytic Enzymes, Christopher L. M. J. Verlinde, Hidong Kim, Bradley E. Bernstein, Shekhar C. Mande, and Wim G. J. Hol Immune Diseases and Cytokines Progress in the Design of Immunomodulators Based on the Structure of Interleukin-1, Glen Spraggon and Pandi Veerapandian Structure and Functional Studies of Interferon: A Solid Foundation for Rational Drug Design, Michael A. Jarpe, Carol H. Pontzer, Brian E. Szente, and Howard M. Johnson Antivirals The Design of Anti-Influenza Virus Drugs from the X-Ray Molecular Structure of Influenza Virus Neuraminidase, Joseph N. Varghese Rhinoviral Capsid-Binding Inhibitors: Structural Basis for Understanding Rhinoviral Biology and for Drug Design, Vincent L. Giranda and Guy D. Diana Novel Methodologies The Integration of Structure-Based Design and Directed Combinatorial Chemistry for New Pharmaceutical Discovery, Roger Bone and F. Raymond Salemme Structure-Based Combinatorial Ligand Design, Amedeo Caflisch and Claus Ehrhardt Peptidomimetic and Neopeptide Drug Discovery: Impact on Structure-Based Drug Design, Tomi K. Sawyer
Complex Genetic Algorithm for Structure Shape Optimization Design of Mixed Discrete Variables (2012)

Discrete complex method is used in genetic algorithm(GA) and a mixed genetic algorithm called complex genetic algorithm(CGA) is formed. The complex method used here increases the quality of species groups, and improves the searching efficiency. The mixed genetic algorithm method is used in the shape optimization for mixed discrete variables. The integration and coding of the shape variables and the cross-section variables in genetic algorithm can not only solve the coupling problem of two kinds of variables, but also avoid the partial optimum solution resulting from the separation of the two kinds of variables. The result of the exemplification indicates that the complex genetic algorithm for structure shape optimization design of mixed discrete variables is effective.
Development of a severity score for CRPS (2010)

The clinical diagnosis of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a dichotomous (yes/no) categorization necessary for clinical decision-making. However, such dichotomous diagnostic categories do not convey an individual's subtle and temporal gradations in severity of the condition, and have poor statistical power when used as an outcome measure in research. This study evaluated the validity and potential utility of a continuous type score to index severity of CRPS. Psychometric and medical evaluations were conducted in 114 CRPS patients and 41 non-CRPS neuropathic pain patients. Based on the presence/absence of 17 clinically-assessed signs and symptoms of CRPS, an overall CRPS Severity Score (CSS) was derived. The CSS discriminated well between CRPS and non-CRPS patients (p<.001), and displayed strong associations with dichotomous CRPS diagnoses using both IASP diagnostic criteria (Eta=0.69) and proposed revised criteria (Eta=0.77-0.88). Higher CSS was associated with significantly higher clinical pain intensity, distress, and functional impairments, as well as greater bilateral temperature asymmetry and thermal perception abnormalities (p's<.05). In an archival prospective dataset, increases in anxiety and depression from pre-surgical baseline to 4 weeks post-knee arthroplasty were found to predict significantly higher CSS at 6- and 12-month follow-up (p's<.05). Results indicate the CSS corresponds with and complements currently accepted dichotomous diagnostic criteria for CRPS, and support its validity as an index of CRPS severity. Its utility as an outcome measure in research studies is also suggested, with potential statistical advantages over dichotomous diagnostic criteria.
Unsupervised learning of event AND-OR grammar and semantics from video (2011)

We study the problem of automatically learning event AND-OR grammar from videos of a certain environment, e.g. an office where students conduct daily activities. We propose to learn the event grammar under the information projection and minimum description length principles in a coherent probabilistic framework, without manual supervision about what events happen and when they happen. Firstly a predefined set of unary and binary relations are detected for each video frame: e.g. agent's position, pose and interaction with environment. Then their co-occurrences are clustered into a dictionary of simple and transient atomic actions. Recursively these actions are grouped into longer and complexer events, resulting in a stochastic event grammar. By modeling time constraints of successive events, the learned grammar becomes context-sensitive. We introduce a new dataset of surveillance-style video in office, and present a prototype system for video analysis integrating bottom-up detection, grammatical learning and parsing. On this dataset, the learning algorithm is able to automatically discover important events and construct a stochastic grammar, which can be used to accurately parse newly observed video. The learned grammar can be used as a prior to improve the noisy bottom-up detection of atomic actions. It can also be used to infer semantics of the scene. In general, the event grammar is an efficient way for common knowledge acquisition from video.
Asthma: Eosinophil Disease, Mast Cell Disease, or Both? (2008)

: Although there is much circumstantial evidence implicating eosinophils as major orchestrators in the pathophysiology of asthma, recent studies have cast doubt on their importance. Not only does anti-interleukin-5 treatment not alter the course of the disease, but some patients with asthma do not have eosinophils in their airways, whereas patients with eosinophilic bronchitis exhibit a florid tissue eosinophilia but do not have asthma. In contrast, mast cells are found in all airways and localize specifically to key tissue structures such as the submucosal glands and airway smooth muscle within asthmatic bronchi, irrespective of disease severity or phenotype. Here they are activated and interact exclusively with these structural cells via adhesive pathways and through the release of soluble mediators acting across the distance of only a few microns. The location of mast cells within the airway smooth muscle bundles seems particularly important for the development and propagation of asthma, perhaps occurring in response to, and then serving to aggravate, an underlying abnormality in asthmatic airway smooth muscle function. Targeting this mast cell-airway smooth muscle interaction in asthma offers exciting prospects for the treatment of this common disease.
Measuring glomerular filtration rate in acute kidney injury: Yes, but not yet (2012)

Acute kidney injury has become a major focus for nephrologists and critical care physicians. The development of structural biomarkers is proceeding, but the results to date have been disappointing. The use of a shortened creatinine clearance as a functional acute kidney injury biomarker is not new but has not been compared with that of other diagnostic approaches. A rapid, repeatable, and accurate measured glomerular filtration rate would be the gold standard for a functional biomarker and is not far off.
Parity-Check-Concatenated Polar Codes (2016)

In this letter, concatenation of parity-check and polar codes is proposed to improve error correction performance. In addition, a heuristic construction of the parity-check-concatenated (PCC) polar codes is proposed. Simulation results show that the PCC polar codes with the heuristic construction have evident performance gains over the cyclic redundancy check-concatenated polar codes.
Clinical Characteristics and Morbidity Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Series of Patients in Metropolitan Detroit (2020)

In this review of urban metropolitan patients with COVID-19, most were African American with a high prevalence of comorbid conditions and high rates of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, complications, and mortality due to COVID-19.