gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Down-Regulation of Negative Emotional Processing by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Effects of Personality Characteristics (2011)

Evidence from neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies indicates that the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a core region in emotional processing, particularly during down-regulation of negative emotional conditions. However, emotional regulation is a process subject to major inter-individual differences, some of which may be explained by personality traits. In the present study we used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left DLPFC to investigate whether transiently increasing the activity of this region resulted in changes in the ratings of positive, neutral and negative emotional pictures. Results revealed that anodal, but not cathodal, tDCS reduced the perceived degree of emotional valence for negative stimuli, possibly due to an enhancement of cognitive control of emotional expression. We also aimed to determine whether personality traits (extraversion and neuroticism) might condition the impact of tDCS. We found that individuals with higher scores on the introversion personality dimension were more permeable than extraverts to the modulatory effects of the stimulation. The present study underlines the role of the left DLPFC in emotional regulation, and stresses the importance of considering individual personality characteristics as a relevant variable, although replication is needed given the limited sample size of our study.
The side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs: a review for chemists (2018)

The platinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are regularly prescribed in the treatment of cancer and while they are effective, their use is limited by their severe, dose-limiting side effects (also referred to as adverse effects/events). In total, a cancer patient can experience any combination of around 40 specific side effects. The dose-limiting side effect for cisplatin is nephrotoxicity, for carboplatin it is myelosuppression, and for oxaliplatin it is neurotoxicity. Other common side effects include anaphylaxis, cytopenias (including leukopenia and neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anaemia), hepatotoxicity, ototoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, stomatitis, pain, alopecia, anorexia, cachexia, and asthenia. The side effects may require patients to be prescribed dose reductions in their platinum drugs of between 25 and 100%. Furthermore, patients require extensive monitoring of their biochemistries, kidney and liver function, and depending on the drug, hearing tests. Finally, patients are commonly co-prescribed additional non-chemotherapy based drugs to treat the side effects which can include antiemetics, antibiotics and myeloid growth factors, mannitol, propafenone, saline hyperhydration, magnesium supplements, monoclonal antibody cytokine blockers, and antioxidants.
Studies on associations of antinuclear antibodies with antibodies to an uveitogenic peptide of retinal S antigen in children with uveitis. (1996)

Humoral immune responses to the uveitogenic peptide of S antigen and the homologous H3 antigen appear not to be uniquely important in the immunopathology of uveitis associated with JRA. Antibodies to isolated H3 do not exclusively account for ANA positivity in the uveitic patient with JRA. A unique immunopathogenic mechanism for the development of uveitis associated with JRA is suggested by the observations that (1) children with uveitis associated with JRA are more likely to be ANA positive than children with uveitis not associated with JRA, and (2) children with uveitis associated with JRA are significantly more likely to be ANA positive and to have antibodies to H3 than adults with uveitis.
Human cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor US28 promotes tumorigenesis (2006)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widely spread herpesvirus, suggested to play a role in tumor progression. US28, a chemokine receptor encoded by HCMV, binds a broad spectrum of chemokines and constitutively activates various pathways linked to proliferation. Our studies reveal that expression of US28 induces a proangiogenic and transformed phenotype by up-regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and enhancing cell growth and cell cycle progression. US28-expressing cells promote tumorigenesis when injected into nude mice. The G protein-uncoupled constitutively inactive mutant of US28, induces delayed and attenuated tumor formation, indicating the importance of constitutive receptor activity in the early onset of tumor development. Importantly, also in glioblastoma cells infected with the newly isolated clinical HCMV strain Titan, US28 was shown to be involved in the HCMV-induced angiogenic phenotype. Hence, the constitutively activated chemokine receptor US28 might act as a viral oncogene and enhance and/or promote HCMV-associated tumor progression.
The MultiView OODB view system: Design and implementation (1996)

Views are an established technique for restructuring and repartitioning the format of data, classes, and schemata so that applications can customize shared data objects without affecting other applications' perceptions of the data. The MultiView system is one of the first OODB systems to support dynamic and updatable materialized object-oriented database views. MultiView is fully functional and is being used for a number of projects. In this article, we describe our system's architecture, the services it provides, and the decisions we made during our implementation. Although the GemStone system we chose for our implementation base offers many features that greatly aided our implementation, it does not support several key object-model properties that are critical for the realization of our design principles. These fundamental properties include multiple classification, dynamic object-restructuring, and the ability to make dynamic changes to the schema. We hence adopted a flexible and powerful technique known as object-slicing to construct the MultiView object model. This object-slicing architecture successfully addresses our requirements. The MultiView system is distinguished by a number of unique features, including the incorporation of virtual classes into the global schema as first-class database citizens, support for capacity-augmenting views (virtual classes that add new extrinsic properties or behavior), view materialization strategies that take advantage of object-oriented modeling features, and a graphical interface that is tailored to provide easy access to the MultiView system. The resulting system preserves all of the capabilities of the underlying GemStone OODB while providing support for dynamic and updatable materialized object-oriented views. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Binding of Anti‐Acetaldehyde IgG Antibodies to Hepatocytes with an Acetaldehyde‐Phosphatidylethanolamine Adduct on Their Surface (1991)

We have previously shown that antibodies raised against acetaldehyde adducts of protein cross-react with an acetaldehyde adduct of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, N-ethyl-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, when the latter is incorporated into hexagonal phase phospholipid micelles. In the present study we demonstrate that these same IgG antibodies cross-react with N-ethyl-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine when this adduct is incorporated into the surface of hepatocytes. Hapten-specific IgG antibodies were purified from the sera of rabbits sensitized to an albumin-acetaldehyde conjugate that had been reduced with sodium cyanoborohydride (N-ethyl-RSA). The N-ethyl-RSA was coupled to an Affi-Gel-10 column to affinity purify the IgG. Liposomes containing N-ethyl-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine were fused with isolated hepatocytes, the affinity purified primary IgG antibodies were added, then fluorescein-conjugated second antibodies were added, and antibody binding to hepatocytes was measured by flow cytometry. The fluorescence of these hepatocytes was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than control hepatocytes prepared with (1) pre-immune primary IgG antibodies with fluorescein-conjugated second antibodies, (2) no primary antibody but with fluorescein-conjugated second antibodies, and (3) no fluorescein-conjugated second antibodies.
System for Automatic Formant Analysis of Voiced Speech (1970)

A system for automatically estimating the lowest three formants and the pitch period of voiced speech is presented. The system is based on a digital computation of the cepstrum (defined as the inverse transform of the log magnitude of the z-transform). The pitch period estimate and smoothed log magnitude are obtained from the cepstrum. Formants are estimated from the smoothed spectral envelope using constraints on formant frequency ranges and relative levels of spectral peaks at the formant frequencies. These constraints allow the detection of cases where two formants are too close together in frequency to be resolved in the initial spectral envelope. In these cases, a new spectral analysis algorithm (the chirp z-transform algorithm) allows the efficient computation of a narrow-band spectrum in which the formant resolution is enhanced. Formant and pitch period data obtained by the analysis system are used to control a digital formant synthesizer. Results, in the form of spectrograms, are presented to illustrate the performance of the system.
Growth Hormone, but Not Prolactin, Maintains Low-Level Activation of STAT5a and STAT5b in Female Rat Liver (1999)

STAT5b, a member of the signal transducers and activators of transcription family, is activated in rat liver in response to the intermittent (pulsatile) plasma pattern of GH that is characteristic of adult males. Previous studies have shown that the near-continuous plasma GH pattern of adult female rats is associated with a dramatic down-regulation of the STAT5 activation pathway. The present study demonstrates the presence of a low-level STAT5 DNA-binding activity in adult female rat liver and investigates the hormonal factors required for its maintenance. PRL is not responsible for this low-level STAT5 activity, as demonstrated in experiments involving estrus cycle monitoring (to investigate a possible role of the proestrus PRL surge), implantation of bromocriptine pellets (to eliminate PRL release by the pituitary), and direct injection of purified PRL. Rather, the low-level STAT5 activity is shown to result from chronic plasma GH stimulation, as demonstrated by GH infusion studies carried out in hypophysectomized rats. Furthermore, gel mobility supershift experiments demonstrate that the same STAT5-containing DNA-binding complexes are formed by both male and female adult rat liver extracts, albeit at approximately 10- to 20-fold lower levels by the female extracts. This DNA-binding activity is primarily comprised of STAT5b but also contains STAT5a, which is shown to be preferentially activated by the male plasma GH pattern in a manner similar to STAT5b. Thus, the dominance of activated STAT5b, compared with STAT5a, in the strong DNA-binding complexes formed in adult male rat liver nuclear extracts, is a reflection of the relative abundance in liver of the two STAT5 forms and is not attributable to an intrinsic, preferential activation of STAT5b by plasma GH pulses. The physiological significance of the low-level activated STAT5a and STAT5b seen in female rat liver and its effects on liver gene expression are uncertain but may involve the activation of female-expressed cytochromes P450 and other liver genes.
IL‐33 broadens its repertoire to affect DC (2009)

IL-33 is a novel multi-functional IL-1 family member that, in contrast to other family members, is associated with Th2 responses. IL-33 signals via a heterodimer composed of its receptor, IL-1 receptor-like-1 (IL-1RL1), more commonly known as ST2L, and the IL-1R accessory protein. ST2L is expressed by endothelial cells, mast cells, basophils, Th2 cells, and DC. IL-33 has been associated with several immune-mediated disorders, including asthma, arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In contrast, there is evidence that IL-33 can inhibit atherosclerosis development. A report in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology reveals a novel function of IL-33: the ability to promote myeloid DC generation in murine BM cell cultures, by triggering GM-CSF production by other BM cells, likely basophils. DC generated in the presence of IL-33 are maturation resistant, with only minimal T-cell stimulatory ability, associated with comparatively high levels of programmed death receptor ligand expression. This commentary discusses several questions raised by these findings, and provides a basis for further evaluation of IL-33 and ST2L in regulation of APC generation and function in both innate and adaptive immunity.
Automatic Camera Placement for Image‐Based Modeling (2000)

We present an automatic camera placement method for generating image‐based models from scenes with known geometry. Our method first approximately determines the set of surfaces visible from a given viewing area and then selects a small set of appropriate camera positions to sample the scene from. We define a quality measure for a surface as seen, or covered, from the given viewing area. Along with each camera position, we store the set of surfaces which are best covered by this camera. Next, one reference view is generated from each camera position by rendering the scene. Pixels in each reference view that do not belong to the selected set of polygons are masked out. The image‐based model generated by our method, covers every visible surface only once, associating it with a camera position from which it is covered with quality that exceeds a user‐specified quality threshold. The result is a compact non‐redundant image‐based model with controlled quality. The problem of covering every visible surface with a minimum number of cameras (guards) can be regarded as an extension to the well‐known Art Gallery Problem. However, since the 3D polygonal model is textured, the camera‐polygon visibility relation is not binary; instead, it has a weight — the quality of the polygon's coverage.
Revised Phase Diagram for the System Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 (1962)

On the basis of 190 runs made up to 1860°C in sealed noble‐metal containers the following revisions have been made in the equilibrium diagram for the system A1 2 O 3 –SiO 2 . Mullite melts congruently at 1850°C. The extent of equilibrium solid solution in mullite at solidus temperature is from approximately 60 mole % Al 2 O 3 (3/2 ratio) to 63 mole % A1 2 O 3 . Metastable solid solutions can be prepared up to about 67 mole % Al 2 O 3 . There is no evidence for stable solubility of excess SiO 2 beyond the 3/2 composition at pressures below 3 kbars. Refractive indices are presented for glasses containing up to 60 mole % Al 2 O 3 and from them the composition of the eutectic is confirmed at 5 mole % SiO 2 . The variation in lattice constants of the mullite solid solution is not an unequivocal guide to composition since mullites at one composition produced at different temperatures show differences in spacing, no doubt reflecting Al‐Si ordering phenomena. The possibility of quartz and corundum being the stable assemblage at some low temperatures and pressures cannot be ruled out. A new anhydrous phase in the system is described, which was previously thought to be synthetic andalusite; it is probably a new polymorph of the Al 2 SiO 5 composition with ortho‐rhombic unit‐cell dimensions a =7.55 A, b =8.27 A, and c = 5.66 A.
Irreversible modification of measles virus RNA in vitro by nuclear RNA-unwinding activity in human neuroblastoma cells (1992)

The matrix (M) gene of a measles virus (MV) variant passaged in IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells displays numerous uridine-to-cytosine transitions called biased hypermutation. Using an in vitro assay, we show that IMR-32 cells contain high levels of an activity which unwinds and irreversibly alters the base pairing of double-stranded RNA synthesized from the M gene of MV. This activity is found exclusively in the cellular nucleus and is present at a lower level in African green monkey kidney Vero cells. Experiments with mixed cell extracts suggest that the low activity in Vero cells is not due to inhibitory factors. These findings support the hypothesis that this RNA-modifying and -unwinding activity is responsible for biased hypermutation of MV strains that infect the central nervous system. Possible functions of this neural cell activity and implications for central nervous system disorders are discussed.
Characterization of a Novel Human Serine Protease That Has Extensive Homology to Bacterial Heat Shock Endoprotease HtrA and Is Regulated by Kidney Ischemia (2000)

We report the isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding the novel mammalian serine protease Omi. Omi protein consists of 458 amino acids and has homology to bacterial HtrA endoprotease, which acts as a chaperone at low temperatures and as a proteolytic enzyme that removes denatured or damaged substrates at elevated temperatures. The carboxyl terminus of Omi has extensive homology to a mammalian protein called L56 (human HtrA), but unlike L56, which is secreted, Omi is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Omi has several novel putative protein-protein interaction motifs, as well as a PDZ domain and a Src homology 3-binding domain. Omi mRNA is expressed ubiquitously, and the gene is localized on human chromosome 2p12. Omi interacts with Mxi2, an alternatively spliced form of the p38 stress-activated kinase. Omi protein, when made in a heterologous system, shows proteolytic activity against a nonspecific substrate beta-casein. The proteolytic activity of Omi is markedly up-regulated in the mouse kidney following ischemia/reperfusion.
Systematic Review: Bisphosphonates and Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (2006)

Osteonecrosis of the jaws is a recently described adverse side effect of bisphosphonate therapy. Patients with multiple myeloma and metastatic carcinoma to the skeleton who are receiving intravenous, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates are at greatest risk for osteonecrosis of the jaws; these patients represent 94% of published cases. The mandible is more commonly affected than the maxilla (2:1 ratio), and 60% of cases are preceded by a dental surgical procedure. Oversuppression of bone turnover is probably the primary mechanism for the development of this condition, although there may be contributing comorbid factors. All sites of potential jaw infection should be eliminated before bisphosphonate therapy is initiated in these patients to reduce the necessity of subsequent dentoalveolar surgery. Conservative débridement of necrotic bone, pain control, infection management, use of antimicrobial oral rinses, and withdrawal of bisphosphonates are preferable to aggressive surgical measures for treating this condition. The degree of risk for osteonecrosis in patients taking oral bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, for osteoporosis is uncertain and warrants careful monitoring.
Follicular dendritic cells and B cell costimulation (1993)

Ag-bearing follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are found throughout secondary lymphoid tissues in close association with rapidly proliferating germinal center B lymphocytes. We reasoned that FDC might provide costimulatory signals that would enhance the ability of Ag to stimulate B cell proliferation in the germinal centers. To test this, FDC were cultured with B cells activated by a slg-dependent (goat anti-mouse mu conjugated to dextran (anti-mu-dex)) or -independent (LPS) pathway and their proliferation was measured by using [3H]thymidine incorporation. The addition of FDC markedly augmented B cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. Depletion of FDC from cultures abrogated the increased proliferation. Addition of highly purified FDC obtained from cell sorting resulted in B cell costimulation, whereas addition of other sorted cells was without effect. The FDC accessory activity was apparent over the entire culture period and over a wide range of either polyclonal B cell activator. When B cells and activators were cultured in the absence of FDC, only about one fourth of the cells remained viable after 3 days. In contrast, virtually all cells in cultures containing FDC, B cells, and activator were viable. Cultures containing FDC and B cells from nude mice proliferated normally in the presence of anti-mu-dex plus rIL-4, implying that IL-4 provides adequate T cell help in this system. The costimulatory activity of the FDC could not replace either the anti-mu-dex or IL-4 in this system and was not MHC restricted. These data support the concept that FDC not only provide Ag but also facilitate B cell proliferation by means of other costimulatory interactions that contribute to make the microenvironment in the germinal center favorable for B cells to proliferate.
Atlas of Medicinal Plants of Middle America: Bahamas to Yucatan (1980)

Many therapies with no proven effect are still used by Belgian paediatricians to treat children with bronchiolitis. Based on these results, we believe that publishing national guidelines will allow a reduction in the cost associated with this disease.
Estimation of body fluid volumes using tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance measurements. (1988)

Mathematical equations using tetrapolar bioelectrical resistive (R) and reactive (Xc) impedance measures were developed and crossvalidated to predict total body water (TBW) and corrected bromide space (CBS) in two independent samples (n = 110). Height2 per low R was the best predictor of TBW (R = 0.96) and CBS (R = 0.92). When the influence of TBW was removed from CBS and dependent variables, height2 per low Xc was the best predictor (R = 0.50) of CBS. Double crossvalidation of each sample showed that observed and predicted TBW (R = 0.978 and 9.986) and CBS (0.937 and 0.907) were significantly related (p less than 0.001), and there was no difference (p greater than 0.05) between the values. The lines representing the relationships between observed and predicted values had regression coefficients not different than the line of identity. Data from both samples were combined to give a representative multiple regression equation to predict TBW and CBS. This study establishes the validity of the tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess body fluid volumes in humans.
Effect of Iron Therapy on Behavior Performance in Nonanemic, Iron-Deficient Infants (1983)

In an effort to determine whether iron deficiency, in the absence of anemia (hemoglobin greater than 11.0 g/dL), might produce alterations in behavioral development, four groups of nonanemic infants, 9 to 12 months of age, with varying degrees of iron deficiency were studied. Infants were classified as iron sufficient, iron depleted, or iron deficient based on measurements of serum ferritin concentration, erythrocyte protoporphyrin values, and the mean cell volume of erythrocytes. Subjects in each group were tested with the Bayley Mental Development Index, treated with parenteral iron, and retested seven days later. The administration of iron produced a significant increase in the Mental Development Index scores (+21.6 points) in the infants with iron deficiency but no significant change in the scores of infants with iron sufficiency (+6.2 points) or only iron depletion (+5.6 points). It is concluded that iron deficiency, even in the absence of anemia, results in biochemical alterations that impair behavior in infants.
DNA-decorated graphene chemical sensors (2010)

Graphene is a two-dimensional material with exceptional electronic properties and enormous potential for applications. Graphene’s promise as a chemical sensor material has been noted but there has been little work on practical chemical sensing using graphene, and in particular, how chemical functionalization may be used to sensitize graphene to chemical vapors. Here we show one route towards improving the ability of graphene to work as a chemical sensor by using single stranded DNA as a sensitizing agent. The resulting devices show fast response times, complete and rapid recovery to baseline at room temperature, and discrimination between several similar vapor analytes.