gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Acidic Sphingomyelinase by Xanthone Compounds Isolated fromGarcinia Speciosa (2000)

Sphingomyelinase is considered to be involved in the regulation of apoptosis and cell growth. In the course of our screening for acidic sphingomyelinase inhibitors we isolated three xanthone compounds, alpha-mangostin, cowanin, and cowanol, from the bark of Garcinia speciosa. These compounds competitively inhibited bovine brain-derived acidic sphingomyelinase with IC(50) values of 14.1, 19.2, and 10.9 microM, respectively and inhibited the acidic sphingomyelinase more effectively than the neutral sphingomyelinase of bovine brain. alpha-Mangostin inhibited the acidic sphingomyelinase in the most selective manner. alpha-Mangostin was chemically modified and its structure-activity relationships are discussed.
Formation of Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids by Suspension Cultures of Eschscholtzia californica (1983)

Suspension cultures of Eschscholtzia californica accumulate the dihydro forms of the benzo- phenanthridine alkaloids sanguinarine, chelirubine, macarpine and chelerythrine, all of which are known to be constituents of the Eschscholtzia plant. Under most experimental conditions dihydrochelirubine was found to be the main constituent of the cultured cells. The specific yields of alkaloids varied from zero to 1.7% on a dry weight basis depending on the media conditions. The highest specific yield was 1.5 mg/g dry weight or 13 mg/1 with the growth medium B5. After transfer of the cells into the induction medium IM2 the alkaloid accumulation increased to 17 mg/g dry weight and 146 mg/1. The induction medium contained increased levels of sucrose, decreased levels of phosphate and was devoid of phytohormones. The effect of the various media conditions on the biosynthesis of phenolics was quite different to those found for the alkaloids.
ACRL Guidelines: Guidelines for university undergraduate libraries: A draft (1995)

A panel of experts will identify and discuss the best and most current sources of copyright information, including academic, legal, and electronic resources. This is an essential program for librarians charged with developing or formulating
Prevalence of sleep/wake disorders in persons with blindness (1999)

Blind individuals are not only handicapped by their loss of vision, but are also affected because the loss of sight may have a secondary impact on functioning of their biological clock. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of visual loss on sleep/wake disorders. A prospective 48-item questionnaire survey was distributed to blind individuals through the French Association Valentin Haüy, which serves blind persons. A control group matched by age, sex, geographical location and professional activity/non-activity was obtained from a panel of 20000 households representative of the French population, and this group also completed the questionnaire. From a potential blind population of 1500 subjects, 1073 questionnaires (71.5%) were completed and usable for analysis, and from a potential 1000 control subjects, 794 (79. 4%) of the questionnaires were returned and analysed. Criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th revision, and the International Classification of Sleep/Wake Disorders (1990) were used to determine pathology. Individuals determined to be 'totally blind' and 'almost blind' (i.e. with less than 10% vision left in only one eye) presented a significantly higher occurrence of sleep/wake disorders than controls. Nocturnal sleep disruption, daytime somnolence, and (to a lesser degree) a 'free-running' condition are significantly more common in blind individuals. There is an increased use of sleeping pills, and a higher incidence of inappropriate involuntary daily naps. In conclusion, individuals with blindness report a significant curtailment of total sleep time and hence resulting daytime somnolence, which impacts on daytime activities. A 'free-running' condition is also a common sleep/wake impairment that may compound the handicap of blindness.
GridLAB-D Technical Support Document: Commercial Module Version 1.0 (2008)

GridLAB-D Technical Support Document supporting commercial module, version 1.0.
Comparisons of quad trees and 4-D trees: new results (VLSI layout) (1989)

A comparison is made between two tree data structures that support region queries for VLSI layout systems. In a previous study, J.B. Rosenberg (ibid., vol.CAD-4, no.1, p.53-67, 1985) demonstrated that four-dimensional trees have a faster speed but use more memory space than quad trees with bisector lists. In this study the authors show that quad trees without bisector lists, for some small threshold values, have a better speed and require less storage than four-dimensional trees.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Trypanosoma cruziexposes phosphatidylserine as an evasion mechanism (2006)

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and affects 18 million people in Central and South America. Here we analyzed the exposure of phosphatidylserine by the different forms of the parasite life cycle. Only the infective trypomastigotes, but not the epimastigotes or intracellular amastigotes, expose this phospholipid. This triggers a transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway, based on phosphorylated Smad 2 nuclear translocation, leading to iNOS disappearance in infected macrophages. This macrophage deactivation favors the survival of this intracellular parasite. Thus, phosphatidylserine exposure may be used by T. cruzi to evade innate immunity and be a common feature of obligate intracellular parasites that have to deal with activated macrophages.
Phenotypic and genotypic comparisons of 23 strains from the Bacillus cereus complex for a selection of known and putative B. thuringiensis virulence factors (2000)

Sixteen Bacillus thuringiensis, four Bacillus cereus and three Bacillus anthracis isolates were screened for a selection of known and putative B. thuringiensis virulence factors. PCR primers were designed to detect genes for phosphatidylcholine specific phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C, immune inhibitor A, vegetative insecticidal protein 3A, a protein proposed to be involved in capsule synthesis, a newly identified Ser/Thr kinase homologue and enterotoxin entS. Motility, the presence of flagella, haemolysis, chitinase and lecithinase production were also evaluated. The widely varying profiles of the 23 strains from the complex provide a pool of different genotypes that can help to identify factors involved in pathogenicity.
Venous Ulcer: Review Article (2013)

Venous ulceration is the most severe and debilitating outcome of chronic venous insufficiency in the lower limbs and accounts for 80 percent of lower extremity ulcerations. The morbidity caused by them has a serious impact on the quality of life. Sustained venous hypertension, caused by venous insufficiency leads to venous ulceration. The diagnosis is mainly clinical but needs to be differentiated from other causes of lower limb ulcers. Doppler ultrasound is the diagnostic investigation. Treatment options for venous ulcers include conservative management, mechanical treatment, medications, and surgical options. The goals of treatment are to reduce edema, improve ulcer healing, and prevent recurrence. The achievement of good long term results depends on continuous care, ulcer care clinics, home health nursing and regular evaluation by the doctor. They have a crucial role to play for the amelioration of this common and morbid condition.
Charge Recombination in CuPc/PTCDA Thin Films (2005)

The recombination kinetics of photogenerated charge carriers in perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films grown by organic molecular beam deposition have been studied using transient absorption spectroscopy. Optical excitation is observed to generate long-lived polaron states, which exhibit power law recombination dynamics on time scales from microseconds to milliseconds. Studies as a function of excitation density and temperature, and comparison between heterostructures and PTCDA single layers, all indicate that this power law behavior results from trapping of PTCDA- polarons in localized states, with an estimated trap state density of approximately 6 x 10(17) polarons cm(-3). This recombination behavior is found to be remarkably similar to that previously observed for polymer/fullerene blends, suggesting that it may be generic to a range of semiconducting materials.
Expression and Characterization of a Soluble, Active Form of the Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Receptor, Hyal2 (2004)

Retrovirus entry into cells is mediated by specific interactions between virus envelope glycoproteins and cell surface receptors. Many of these receptors contain multiple membrane-spanning regions, making their purification and study difficult. The jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) receptor, hyaluronidase 2 (Hyal2), is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored molecule containing no peptide transmembrane regions, making it an attractive candidate for study of retrovirus entry. Further, the hyaluronidase activity reported for human Hyal2, combined with its broad expression pattern, may point to a critical function of Hyal2 in the turnover of hyaluronan, a major extracellular matrix component. Here we describe the properties of a soluble form of human Hyal2 (sHyal2) purified from a baculoviral expression system. sHyal2 is a 54-kDa monomer with weak hyaluronidase activity compared to that of the known hyaluronidase Spam1. In contrast to a previous report indicating that Hyal2 cleaved hyaluronan to a limit product of 20 kDa and was active only at acidic pH, we find that sHyal2 is capable of further degradation of hyaluronan and is active over a broad pH range, consistent with Hyal2 being active at the cell surface where it is normally localized. Interaction of sHyal2 with the JSRV envelope glycoprotein was analyzed by viral inhibition assays, showing >90% inhibition of transduction at 28 nM sHyal2, and by surface plasmon resonance, revealing a remarkably tight specific interaction with a dissociation constant (KD) of 32 +/- 1 pM. In contrast to results obtained with avian retroviruses, purified receptor was not capable of promoting transduction of cells that do not express the virus receptor.
Designing surfaces that kill bacteria on contact (2001)

Poly(4-vinyl-N-alkylpyridinium bromide) was covalently attached to glass slides to create a surface that kills airborne bacteria on contact. The antibacterial properties were assessed by spraying aqueous suspensions of bacterial cells on the surface, followed by air drying and counting the number of cells remaining viable (i.e., capable of growing colonies). Amino glass slides were acylated with acryloyl chloride, copolymerized with 4-vinylpyridine, and N-alkylated with different alkyl bromides (from propyl to hexadecyl). The resultant surfaces, depending on the alkyl group, were able to kill up to 94 +/- 4% of Staphylococcus aureus cells sprayed on them. A surface alternatively created by attaching poly(4-vinylpyridine) to a glass slide and alkylating it with hexyl bromide killed 94 +/- 3% of the deposited S. aureus cells. On surfaces modified with N-hexylated poly(4-vinylpyridine), the numbers of viable cells of another Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, as well as of the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, dropped more than 100-fold compared with the original amino glass. In contrast, the number of viable bacterial cells did not decline significantly after spraying on such common materials as ceramics, plastics, metals, and wood.
Treatment-seeking patients with binge-eating disorder in the Swedish national registers: clinical course and psychiatric comorbidity (2016)

Considerable flux occurs across BED and other eating disorder diagnoses. The high psychiatric comorbidity and suicide risk underscore the severity and clinical complexity of BED.
Sequence organization and regulation of the Bacillus subtilis menBE operon (1992)

Menaquinone (MK) plays a central role in the respiratory chain of Bacillus subtilis. The biosynthesis of MK requires the formation of a naphthoquinone ring via a series of specific reactions branching from the shikimate pathway. "Early" MK-specific reactions catalyze the formation of o-succinylbenzoate (OSB) from isochorismate, and "late" reactions convert OSB to dihydroxynaphthoate, by utilizing an OSB-coenzyme A intermediate. We have cloned and sequenced the B. subtilis menE and menB genes encoding, respectively, OSB-coenzyme A synthase and dihydroxynaphthoate synthase. The MenB open reading frame encodes a potential polypeptide of 261 amino acid residues with a predicted size of 28.5 kDa, while the MenE open reading frame could encode a 24.4-kDa polypeptide of 220 amino acid residues. Probable promoter sequences were identified by high-resolution primer extension assays. Organization of these genes and regulatory regions was found to be menBp menB menEp menE. Expression of menE was dependent on both menEp and menBp, indicating an operonlike organization. A region of dyad symmetry capable of forming a stable RNA secondary structure was found between menB and menE. Culture cycle-dependent expression of menB and menE was measured by steady-state transcript accumulation. For both genes, maximal accumulation was found to occur within an hour after the end of exponential growth. The menBp and menEp promoters have sequences compatible with recognition by the major vegetative form of B. subtilis RNA polymerase, E sigma A. Both promoter regions also were found to contain homologies to a sequence motif previously identified in the menCDp region and in promoters for several B. subtilis tricarboxylic acid cycle genes.
Protection by Milk Immunoglobulin Concentrate against Oral Challenge with EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli (1988)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is a common cause of traveler's diarrhea. Prophylaxis against traveler's diarrhea has been associated with side effects from bismuth subsalicylate and the development of resistance to antimicrobial agents. We undertook a double-blind controlled trial in which a bovine milk immunoglobulin concentrate with high titers of antibodies against enterotoxigenic E. coli was used as prophylaxis against E. coli challenge in volunteers. Lyophilized milk immunoglobulins were prepared from the colostrum of cows immunized with several enterotoxigenic E. coli serotypes and fimbria types, E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin, and cholera toxin. As a control, an immunoglobulin concentrate with no anti-E. coli activity was prepared. Ten volunteers received buffered immunoglobulin concentrate against enterotoxigenic E. coli, and 10 received the control immunoglobulin concentrate, dissolved in water, three times a day. No side effects were observed. On the third day of immunoglobulin prophylaxis, the volunteers were given 10(9) colony-forming units of enterotoxigenic E. coli H10407 (O78:H11). This strain produces colonization factor antigen I and heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins. None of the 10 volunteers receiving the immunoglobulin concentrate against E. coli had diarrhea, but 9 of the 10 controls did (P less than 0.0001). All volunteers excreted E. coli H10407. We conclude from these preliminary results that milk immunoglobulin concentrate may be an effective prophylaxis against traveler's diarrhea.
Cytokeratin 20: a new marker for early detection of bladder cell carcinoma? (1998)

Our results indicate that CK-20 is a potential marker for bladder cancer. The noninvasive detection method assesses urothelial cells from the voided urine specimen using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The CK-20 marker was significantly more sensitive than urinary cytology.
A monoclonal anti-DNA antibody also binds to cell-surface protein(s). (1984)

A murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibody ( PME77 ) has been found to bind tightly to the plasma membrane of Raji cells. We show here that this monoclonal anti-DNA antibody reacts in a radioimmunoassay with the cell surface of a variety of mammalian cell types and that the antigenic determinant recognized by the monoclonal anti-DNA antibody at the surface of Raji cells is resistant to DNase. It belongs to polypeptides removed from the cell surface by a mild proteinase K treatment.
Mushroom bodies of the cockroach: Their participation in place memory (1998)

Insects and other arthropods use visual landmarks to remember the location of their nest, or its equivalent. However, so far, only olfactory learning and memory have been claimed to be mediated by any particular brain region, notably the mushroom bodies. Here we describe the results of experiments that demonstrate that the mushroom bodies of the cockroach (Periplaneta americana), already shown to be involved in multimodal sensory processing, play a crucial role in place memory. Behavioral tests, based on paradigms similar to those originally used to demonstrate place memory in rats, demonstrate a rapid improvement in the ability of individual cockroaches to locate a hidden target when its position is provided by distant visual cues. Bilateral lesions of selected areas of the mushroom bodies abolish this ability but leave unimpaired the ability to locate a visible target. The present results demonstrate that the integrity of the pedunculus and medial lobe of a single mushroom body is required for place memory. The results are comparable to the results obtained from hippocampal lesions in rats and are relevant to recent studies on the effects of ablations of Drosophila mushroom bodies on locomotion.
Brain Myosin V Is a Synaptic Vesicle-associated Motor Protein: Evidence for a Ca2+-dependent Interaction with the Synaptobrevin–Synaptophysin Complex (1997)

Brain myosin V is a member of a widely distributed class of unconventional myosins that may be of central importance to organelle trafficking in all eukaryotic cells. Molecular constituents that target this molecular motor to organelles have not been previously identified. Using a combination of immunopurification, extraction, cross-linking, and coprecipitation assays, we demonstrate that the tail domain of brain myosin V forms a stable complex with the synaptic vesicle membrane proteins, synaptobrevin II and synaptophysin. While myosin V was principally bound to synaptic vesicles during rest, this putative transport complex was promptly disassembled upon the depolarization-induced entry of Ca2+ into intact nerve endings. Coimmunoprecipitation assays further indicate that Ca2+ disrupts the in vitro binding of synaptobrevin II to synaptophysin in the presence but not in the absence of Mg2+. We conclude that hydrophilic forces reversibly couple the myosin V tail to a biochemically defined class of organelles in brain nerve terminals.
Metabolism of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in the patas monkey: pharmacokinetics and characterization of glucuronide metabolites (1993)

The metabolism of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) was examined in the patas monkey, in order to provide further information about NNK metabolic pathways in primates. Female patas monkeys were given i.v. injections of [5-3H]NNK, and metabolites in serum and urine were analyzed by HPLC. Metabolism by alpha-hydroxylation of NNK was rapid and extensive, and the products of this pathway, 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid and 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl) butyric acid, accounted for a relatively large proportion of serum and urinary metabolites at all time points. This is significant because the formation of these products is associated with modification of DNA by NNK. The other major metabolic pathway was carbonyl reduction to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), which detected both unconjugated and diastereomeric O-glucuronides. One of these glucuronides had been previously identified in rat urine, but the other diastereomer, which was the more prevalent of the two in serum and urine, had not been observed in studies of NNK metabolism in rodents. It was characterized by its spectral properties, by enzymatic hydrolysis to NNAL, and by derivatization of the released NNAL enantiomer with (R)-(+)-alpha-methylbenzylisocyanate. The two NNAL glucuronides accounted for 15-20% of the urinary metabolites in monkeys given 0.1 micrograms/kg NNK, which is similar to a smoker's dose, suggesting their use as dosimeters of NNK exposure in humans. Pharmacokinetic parameters were consistent with those observed in previous studies of nitrosamines, and varied predictably with body weight of five species. The results of this study have provided new insights relevant to assessing human metabolism of NNK.
The Carotid Body as a Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Sympathetically Mediated Diseases (2012)

[no abstract]
[Measurement of immunoreactive endothelin-1 in plasma of a patient with malignant hemangioendothelioma]. (1990)

We measured immunoreactive endothelin-1 in plasma of a patient with malignant hemangioendothelioma. A 74-year-old female first visited our clinic in July, 1989. Physical examination revealed reddish nodule measured 4 x 5 x 1 cm and erythematous plaque with erosion on her scalp. A biopsy specimen showed extensive proliferation of atypical tumor cells intermingled with a large number of capillary vessels in dermis. Some of tumor cells were positively stained for factor VIII related antigen by PAP method. From these findings we diagnosed malignant hemangioendothelioma and resected the tumor on August 3. The measurement of immunoreactive endothelin-1 in plasma was performed by radio-immunoassay on August 2 (before operation), October 20 and December 27 (after operation). The results were 16.2, 4.3 and 5.6 pg/ml, respectively (normal range: 0.5 +/- 0.2 pg/ml). Plasma endothelin-1 level may be run parallel to quantity of tumor cells in malignant hemangioendothelioma.
Measles virus: both the haemagglutinin and fusion glycoproteins are required for fusion (1991)

Vaccinia-measles recombinant viruses were used to examine the contribution of the individual measles virus glycoproteins in fusion. Although vaccinia virus recombinants expressing either the haemagglutinin or fusion proteins did not induce fusion in the cell lines examined, a double recombinant expressing both measles virus glycoproteins gave extensive syncytia in cells of human and simian origin. No fusion was observed in mouse, hamster or chicken cells. The fusion induced by the double recombinant could be specifically inhibited with either anti-fusion or anti-haemagglutinin monoclonal antibodies.
Phase I study of liposomal irinotecan in patients with metastatic breast cancer: findings from the expansion phase (2020)

Trial registration ID NCT01770353.
Hand-held acquisition of 3D models with a video camera (2003)

Modeling of 3D objects from image sequences is a challenging problem and has been a research topic for many years. Important theoretical and algorithmic results were achieved that allow to extract even complex 3D scene models from images. One recent effort has been to reduce the amount of calibration and to avoid restrictions on the camera motion. In this contribution an approach is described which achieves this goal by combining state-of-the-art algorithms for uncalibrated projective reconstruction, self-calibration and dense correspondence matching.