gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of twinning in shape evolution of anisotropic noble metal nanostructures (2006)

Nanotechnology provides the ability to engineer the properties of materials by controlling their size and shape. Among the most interesting nanostructures are anisotropic noble metal nanocrystals such as nanorods and nanowires. Nevertheless, the production of such crystals in a controlled fashion remains as a challenging task, and many available colloidal techniques produce a mixture of morphologies. In cases where high yields of a particular anisotropic structure have been produced, the growth mechanism has been primarily explained in terms of the presence of surfactants or capping agents that regulate the growth of the crystal in a particular direction. However, the growth mechanism should also consider nucleation and kinetics, and not only thermodynamics or physical restrictions imposed by the surface stabilizing agent. In this work, we present several examples of anisotropic noble metal nanocrystals obtained by different methods. Finally, the important role of twinning in determining the habit of the final morphology is discussed.
Material, process, and device development of GaN-based HFETs on silicon substrates (2004)

Although sapphire (Al2O3) and various polytypes of silicon carbide (SiC) have been the most widely employed substrate materials for gallium nitride (GaN) heteroepitaxy, a burgeoning interest in GaN growth on silicon (Si) has emerged in both academic and commercial groups. Historically, the lack of widespread adoption of the GaN-on-Si approach has been attributable to technical challenges presented by the ~17% lattice mismatch and ~56% thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between GaN and Si (111). However, recent efforts have led to stress-relief buffer or transition layer schemes to overcome these limitations, allowing growth of crack-free (Al,Ga,In)N layers on highquality, low-cost, large-diameter Si substrates (1-3). Other inherent advantages of GaNon-Si include the ability to leverage well-established Si processing techniques such as wafer thinning, via-hole formation, and AuSi eutectic die attach. A unique feature specific to GaN growth on Si is the possibility to incorporate GaN functionality (e.g., light emission, high breakdown voltage, piezoelectricity) with Si-based devices and circuitry. Although applications requiring integration of these technologies are only beginning to emerge, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), chemical sensors, advanced logic, and 3-dimensional integration are a few areas of potential future development.
Superoxide dismutase protects cultured neurons against death by starvation. (1987)

Brief substrate deprivation resulted in high mortality of superior cervical ganglion neurons in culture, assayed 2 hr later by trypan blue exclusion. Involvement of superoxide anions was indicated by several observations. Survival was increased significantly by prior treatment that induced cells to take up superoxide dismutase. During starvation, neurons reduced nitroblue tetrazolium to form the blue precipitate formazan, and the color change was blocked in neurons preloaded with superoxide dismutase. The incidence of staining was comparable to the mortality. In many cells, brief starvation caused the appearance of fluorescence due to oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin to dichlorofluorescein, which indicates that oxidants were generated intracellularly. In some cells fluorescence was transient, as would be caused by membrane breakdown, and these cells were then shown to be dead. Superoxide generation caused by substrate deprivation may contribute importantly to cell damage in a variety of pathological conditions.
Present state and frontiers in biosensorics (1997)

Nature offers an arsenal of interesting principles for the optimization of existing and the realization of novel technical processes. These principles include “classical” reactions of enzymes, antibodies, receptors or nonprotein macromolecules like nucleic acids, carbohydrates, DNA or RNA. This volume aims at indicating the frontiers in biosensorics by summarizing new recognition elements, new developments in thin layers and interfaces as well as by giving examples for recent applications of biosensors.
Interpreting hemoglobin and water concentration, oxygen saturation, and scattering measured in vivo by near-infrared breast tomography (2003)

Near-infrared spectroscopic tomography was used to measure the properties of 24 mammographically normal breasts to quantify whole-breast absorption and scattering spectra and to evaluate which tissue composition characteristics can be determined from these spectra. The absorption spectrum of breast tissue allows quantification of (i) total hemoglobin concentration, (ii) hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and (iii) water concentration, whereas the scattering spectrum provides information about the size and number density of cellular components and structural matrix elements. These property data were tested for correlation to demographic information, including subject age, body mass index, breast size, and radiographic density. Total hemoglobin concentration correlated inversely to body mass index, likely because lower body mass indicates proportionately less fat and more glandular tissue, and glandular tissue contains greater vascularity, hence, more total hemoglobin. Optical scattering was correlated to breast diameter, subject age, and radiographic density. In the radiographic density, fatty breasts had low scattering power and extremely dense breasts had higher values. This observation is consistent with low attenuation of conventional x-rays with fat and higher attenuation in glandular tissues. Optically, fatty tissues have large scatterers leading to a low scattering power, whereas glandular or fibrous tissues have more cellular and collagen-based structures that lead to high scattering power. The study presents correlative data supporting the hypothesis that optical measurements of absorption and scattering can provide physiologically relevant information about breast tissue composition. These breast constituents vary significantly between individuals and can be altered because of changes in breast physiology or pathological state.
Antiferroelectric-phase PLZT for use in high density optical data storage (1988)

Abstract An experiment was performed to establish the possible use of PLZT as an optical data and information storage device by demonstrating its high resolution capabilities. The maximum resolvable resolution obtained in a sample of 7.6/70/30 PLZT with a 4 μm average grain diameter was 140 line pair per millimeter. This translates to a storage density of 5 × 107 bits/in2. The limiting factor of the resolution was found to be the grain diameter. This result suggests that thin film PLZT with average grain diamters of 0.1μm or less are theoretically capable of storing 5000 lp/mm or 6 × 1010 bits/in2.
Immobilized amines and basic amino acids as mimetic heparin-binding domains for cell surface proteoglycan-mediated adhesion. (1992)

Diamines covalently coupled to glass substrates promoted human foreskin fibroblast adhesion in the absence of serum. These diamine-derivatized substrates were produced by coupling ethylene diamine, N-methylaminoethylamine, and N,N-dimethylaminoethylamine (NNDMAEA), to sulfonyl chloride-activated glass. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis demonstrated that the diamines were coupled via their primary amine ends to produce a surface-bound secondary amine linked to a free amino moiety via a two-carbon spacer. NNDMAEA-modified substrates containing free tertiary amines supported the highest degree of cell spreading (73 +/- 7% actively spreading cells) and the most extensive cytoskeletal organization. Both the free tertiary and surface-bound secondary amines were shown to be required for cell spreading. Lysine- and arginine-grafted substrates supported cell spreading and cytoskeletal organization similar to that on NNDMAEA-modified substrates. Although some stress fibers were observed within spread cells on these substrates, focal contacts did not form. Heparinase treatment did not inhibit cell attachment or spreading to the diamine-derivatized substrates, however chondroitinase ABC inhibited cell attachment and spreading on all substrates; heparinase inhibited spreading on lysine- and arginine-derivatized substrates to a lesser extent. These results imply that cell attachment to these substrates was mediated primarily by cell surface chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. This study demonstrates that covalently grafted NNDMAEA, lysine, and arginine can mimic the adhesion-promoting activity of the glycosaminoglycan-binding domains of cell adhesion proteins. This study also demonstrates that the interaction with these proteoglycans depends in a very sensitive manner on the particular structure of the immobilized amine.
Identification of an antigen-specific immunoglobulin M antibody associated with acute Toxoplasma infection (1983)

We used the protein gel transfer technique (Western blotting) to analyze the immune response to individual electrophoretically resolved Toxoplasma antigens. Toxoplasma antigens were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The array of resolved proteins was electrophoretically transferred to CNBr-activated filter paper and incubated with serum samples from patients with either acute or chronic Toxoplasma infections or with serum samples from seronegative controls. Serum immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M bound to individual Toxoplasma antigens were detected by radioiodinated staphylococcal protein A and a goat anti-human immunoglobulin M antibody, respectively. A complex array of Toxoplasma antigens was revealed by this procedure. Immunoglobulin M directed against a low-molecular-weight antigen was detected in sera from all acutely infected adults (19 sera tested) and was absent from all sera from individuals with chronic infections (9 sera tested) and from sera from seronegative controls (9 sera tested).
Slug-Tracking Model for Hilly Terrain Pipelines (2000)

Summary Slug flow is a very common occurrence in gas-liquid two-phase flow. Usually, it is an unfavorable flow pattern due to its unsteady nature, intermittency, and high-pressure drop. A hilly terrain pipeline consists of horizontal, uphill, and downhill sections. While slug flow is relatively well understood for any of the three configurations, there is a lack of understanding of how flow characteristics change when these configurations are interconnected, as in a hilly terrain pipeline. Almost all-previous slug flow studies assume a constant slug length once a slug is formed and developed into a stable slug. In reality, a slug can grow or shrink as it travels through a pipeline as a consequence of the hilly terrain configuration. In addition, slugs can be generated at low "elbows" and dissipate at top "elbows." An experimental study conducted by Zheng et al.1 and Zheng2 clearly demonstrates the effect of hilly terrain pipeline configuration on slug characteristics. In the present work slug behavior in low and top elbows is simulated and studied. The effect of compressibility is included.
Effect of coadministration of uracil or cytosine on the anti-tumor activity of clinical doses of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and level of 5-fluorouracil in rodents. (1979)

Concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the tumor, blood, and various organs of AH130-bearing rats after administration of clinical doses of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) and uracil was examined. The concentration of 5-FU in blood was less than 0.02 microgram/ml with all combinations of FT-207 and uracil except high molar ratios of uracil to FT-207 (ratio, 5 and 10), whereas high concentrations of up to a maximum of 0.200 microgram/g on administration of uracil plus 5 or 7.5 mg/kg of FT-207 (ratio, 4), was found in the tumor. On oral administration of FT-207 plus uracil in various combinations, the highest T/B (ratio of concentration of 5-FU in the tumor to that in blood) value was obtained at a ratio of uracil to FT-207 of 4. With this combination, 5-FU concentration in the tumor, muscle, and spleen was higher than that after administration of FT-207 alone (5 mg/kg). These results suggest that at the clinical doses the optimum molar ratio of uracil to FT-207 is 4. Coadministration of cytosine enhanced the antitumor activity of FT-207 on sarcoma-180 in mice. However, cytosine enhanced the antitumor activity of FT-207 less than uracil and its coadministration resulted in a lower concentration of 5-FU in the tumor than coadministration of uracil.
Model Studies of Topaquinone-Dependent Amine Oxidases. 1. Oxidation of Benzylamine by Topaquinone Analogs (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModel Studies of Topaquinone-Dependent Amine Oxidases. 1. Oxidation of Benzylamine by Topaquinone AnalogsMinae Mure and Judith P. KlinmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 34, 8698–8706Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00139a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00139a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1604Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Expression of smooth muscle cell phenotype by rat mesangial cells in immune complex nephritis. Alpha-smooth muscle actin is a marker of mesangial cell proliferation. (1991)

Mesangial cell proliferation is common in glomerulonephritis but it is unclear if proliferation is associated with any in vivo alteration in phenotype. We investigated whether mesangial of mesangial proliferative nephritis induced with antibody to the Thy-1 antigen present on mesangial cells. At day 3 glomeruli displayed de novo immunostaining for alpha-smooth muscle actin in a mesangial pattern, correlating with the onset of proliferation, and persisting until day 14. An increase in desmin and vimentin in mesangial regions was also noted. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that the actin-positive cells were mesangial cells, and double immunolabeling demonstrated that the smooth muscle actin-positive cells were actively proliferating. Northern analysis of isolated glomerular RNA confirmed an increase in alpha and beta/gamma actin mRNA at days 3 and 5. Complement depletion or platelet depletion prevented or reduced proliferation, respectively; these maneuvers also prevented smooth muscle actin and actin gene expression. Studies of five other experimental models of nephritis confirmed that smooth muscle actin expression is a marker for mesangial cell injury. Thus, mesangial cell proliferation in glomerulonephritis in the rat is associated with a distinct phenotypic change in which mesangial cell assume smooth muscle cell characteristics.
Tree visualization with tree-maps (1992)

article Free Access Share on Tree visualization with tree-maps: 2-d space-filling approach Author: Ben Shneiderman Univ. of Maryland, College Park Univ. of Maryland, College ParkView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on GraphicsVolume 11Issue 1pp 92–99https://doi.org/10.1145/102377.115768Published:02 January 1992Publication History 955citation7,810DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations955Total Downloads7,810Last 12 Months539Last 6 weeks58 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
DARC topological descriptors for pattern recognition in molecular database management systems and design (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleDARC topological descriptors for pattern recognition in molecular database management systems and designJ. E. Dubois, G. Carrier, and A. PanayeCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1991, 31, 4, 574–578Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00004a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00004a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Proteomic analysis of the human receptive versus non-receptive endometrium using differential in-gel electrophoresis and MALDI-MS unveils stathmin 1 and annexin A2 as differentially regulated (2009)

This study shows that the human endometrium has a differential proteomic repertoire during the window of implantation. Consequently, we identified annexin A2 and stathmin 1 as differentially expressed molecules in the receptive endometrium.
The flavonoid baicalin inhibits superantigen‐induced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (2001)

Excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines mediates the toxic effect of superantigenic staphylococcal exotoxins (SE). Baicalin, a flavone isolated from the Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and used in China to treat infectious diseases, inhibited SE-stimulated T-cell proliferation (by 98%) and production of interleukin 1beta, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, interferon gamma, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta mRNA and protein by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These data suggest that baicalin may be therapeutically useful for mitigating the pathogenic effects of SE by inhibiting the signaling pathways activated by superantigens.
Molecular Imaging of Stretch-Induced Tissue Factor Expression in Carotid Arteries with Intravascular Ultrasound (2000)

The potential for abnormal thrombogenicity of balloon-injured arteries, as reflected by smooth muscle expression of tissue factor, was imaged using a novel, targeted, nanoparticulate ultrasonic contrast agent.
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP): can it improve our management of patients with congestive heart failure? (2002)

Until recently no simple specific test existed for the differentiation of decompensated heart failure from other causes of acute dyspnoea, or to assess the prognosis of patients with severe heart failure or to optimize heart failure therapy in an individual patient. Measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide has become available as an easy-to-per-form bedside test. Several studies have demonstrated it's usefulness in the emergency room to differentiate heart failure from other causes of acute dyspnoea or to guide the complex drug therapy in an individual patient with heart failure. This article gives a short overview on the clinical experience to use BNP-blood levels for the diagnosis and treatment guidance of heart failure.
Increasing Gap Junction Coupling Reduces Transmural Dispersion of Repolarization and Prevents Torsade de Pointes in Rabbit LQT3 Model (2007)

Gap junction enhancer AAP10 is capable of abbreviating the QT interval, reducing TDR, and suppressing TdP in a rabbit LQT3 model probably via its effect by preventing dephosphorylation of Cx43. These data suggest that increasing intercellular coupling may reduce TDR and, therefore, prevent TdP in LQTS.
A Method of Calibrating the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Camera Parameters Separately for Multi-Camera Systems (2007)

In this paper, a flexible method of camera calibration is proposed: Firstly, calibrate the intrinsic camera parameters including a coefficient of radial distortion by moving a ID object (points aligned on a line) with a invisible fixed point; Secondly, calibrate the extrinsic camera parameters relative to a given world coordinate system using the four-point object which right-angle shaped involving three collinear points and one point on the perpendicular direction. The calibration objects are simple to make and can be perfectly observed from any orientations. With these merits, the method is very practical to calibrate the multi-camera systems. Experimental results show that, the calibration is of high precision and the procedure is very convenient.
Copper-Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyridones by the Reaction of Enaminones with Alkynes (2012)

An efficient copper-catalyzed selective synthesis of highly functionalized pyridones by the reaction of enaminones with alkynes is reported. The reactions proceed to afford polysubstituted pyridone derivatives in good to high yields using CuI as the catalyst in MeCN under nitrogen.
The growth-related protein P23 of the Ehrlich ascites tumor: translational control, cloning and primary structure. (1989)

p23 is a protein of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, preferentially synthesized in the exponentially growing tumor. In vitro, serum and actinomycin D rapidly induce p23 synthesis. Using transcription inhibitors and a wheat germ cell-free translation system, evidence is provided that the synthesis of p23 is under translational control. Actinomycin D even results in superinduction of p23. Polymerase chain reaction, cloning and sequencing of p23 cDNA suggest p23 to be identical with a 21 kDa protein of mouse erythroleukemia cells, the synthesis of which was shown to be controlled also at the translational level (Chitpatima, S. T., Makrides, S., Bandyopadhyay, R., and Brawerman, G. (1988) Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 2350).