gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy after bone marrow transplantation. (1991)

Residual disease after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can either cause relapse or persist in a balanced state in which immune mechanisms keep control over malignant cell proliferation. After allogeneic BMT the latter mechanism [summarized as graft-versus-leukemia (GVL)] is probably supported by cellular (e.g. T lymphocytes, natural killer cells) and humoral (e.g. cytokines) effectors and often linked to clinical manifestations of GVHD. Preclinical and clinical studies are now emerging in which cytokines, such as interleukin-2 or interferons, are given after BMT to support cellular immune function particularly in situations in which GVL does not occur. We summarize here results from both pre-clinical and clinical studies that are relevant to the design of protocols seeking to improve elimination of residual malignant disease in BMT patients by modulation of the immune system.
Elastase gene expression in non-elastase-producingPseudomonas aeruginosastrains using novel shuttle vector systems (1994)

In order to determine whether non-elastase-producing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa such as N-10, PA103 and IFO3080 can express foreign elastase genes, we introduced elastase genes from P. aeruginosa IFO3455 (elastase-producing) as well as from PA103 and N-10 into non-elastase-producing P. aeruginosa strains. Results suggested that gene expression, secretion, and precursor processing systems of elastase were essentially normal in P. aeruginosa N-10 and IFO3080. Our studies using various elastase genes showed that both the elastase structural gene and 5'-upstream regions of P. aeruginosa PA103 were also normal. This was confirmed by the finding that P. aeruginosa N-10 and IFO3080 which carry the PA103 elastase gene produced elastase. Several deleted or chimeric genes were constructed using the 5'-upstream regions of elastase genes from P. aeruginosa N-10 or PA103 and studies of expression revealed that two individual DNA bases seem to be important in suppressing P. aeruginosa N-10 elastase gene expression. Possible reasons for the lack of elastase expression in these non-elastase-producing strains are discussed.
Untersuchungen an 1,3‐Dicarbonylverbindungen, 6. Mitt. Anellierte Chinolone (1976)

Abstract Das Chinolon 1b wird durch thermische Kondensation von 3‐Cumaranon und Anthranilsäure erhalten. Es wird über die Darstellung substituierter 2‐Benzoyl‐3‐hydroxy‐benzo[b]thiophene 5 berichtet. 5a läßt sich zum anellierten Chinolon 7 cyclisieren.
Effect of high-pressure processing on the permeance of selected high-barrier laminated films (2000)

This study investigated the effects of high pressure processing (HPP) on the barrier properties of eight multilayer films. Pouches made from these films were filled with distilled water, sealed and then pressure processed at 600 and 800 MPa for 5, 10 and 20 min at 45°C. Controls were similarly prepared but exposed to atmospheric pressure. After processing, all pouches were dried and their oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour permeance determined. Films used in this study were PET/SiOx /LDPE, PET/Al2O3/LDPE, PET/PVDC/nylon/HDPE/PE, PE/nylon/EVOH/PE, PE/nylon/PE, metallized-PET/EVA/LLDPE, PP/nylon/PP and PET/PVDC/EVA. Results showed that metallized PET was most severely affected by HPP, as its permeance values for oxygen, carbon dioxide and water increased as much as 150%. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repairing Efficient Threshold Group Signature Scheme (2008)

To enhance the efficiency of threshold group signature schemes, Yu and Chen, recently, proposed an efficient threshold group signature scheme. By using elliptic curves, the proposed scheme can use short secret key and reduces the load of signature verification. However, in this paper we find that there are many ambiguities in the proposed scheme. The verifiers cannot verify valid signatures, while adversaries can not only easily forge the signatures of individual members, but also forge group signatures without the knowledge of secret keys. Though we can modify it to withstand this forgery attack, the modified scheme cannot withstand a general coalition at-tack inherent in many threshold signature schemes.
Transfer Learning in a Transductive Setting (2013)

Category models for objects or activities typically rely on supervised learning requiring sufficiently large training sets. Transferring knowledge from known categories to novel classes with no or only a few labels however is far less researched even though it is a common scenario. In this work, we extend transfer learning with semi-supervised learning to exploit unlabeled instances of (novel) categories with no or only a few labeled instances. Our proposed approach Propagated Semantic Transfer combines three main ingredients. First, we transfer information from known to novel categories by incorporating external knowledge, such as linguistic or expert-specified information, e.g., by a mid-level layer of semantic attributes. Second, we exploit the manifold structure of novel classes. More specifically we adapt a graph-based learning algorithm - so far only used for semi-supervised learning - to zero-shot and few-shot learning. Third, we improve the local neighborhood in such graph structures by replacing the raw feature-based representation with a mid-level object- or attribute-based representation. We evaluate our approach on three challenging datasets in two different applications, namely on Animals with Attributes and ImageNet for image classification and on MPII Composites for activity recognition. Our approach consistently outperforms state-of-the-art transfer and semi-supervised approaches on all datasets.
The diagnosis of acute, recurrent, deep-vein thrombosis: a diagnostic challenge. (1983)

Recurrent venous thrombosis presents a diagnostic challenge. Venography, impedance plethysmography and fibrinogen leg scanning all have potential limitations, and their role in this context has not been evaluated. We performed a prospective cohort study evaluating impedance plethysmography and leg scanning, plus venography, using outcome on long-term follow-up as the end point in 270 patients with clinically suspected recurrent deep-vein thrombosis. Anticoagulant treatment was withheld in the 181 patients negative by noninvasive testing and was given in patients positive by impedance plethysmography if leg scanning was positive or if intraluminal filling defects were detected by venography. The validity of this approach was tested by long-term follow-up. Three of 181 patients (1.7%) negative by noninvasive testing had a recurrence, compared with 18 of 89 (20%) with positive findings (p less than 0.001). Our objective diagnostic approach has high clinical utility; an objective rationale for withholding or giving treatment was established in 95% of patients.
Compactly encoding unstructured inputs with differential compression (2002)

The subject of this article is differential compression , the algorithmic task of finding common strings between versions of data and using them to encode one version compactly by describing it as a set of changes from its companion. A main goal of this work is to present new differencing algorithms that (i) operate at a fine granularity (the atomic unit of change), (ii) make no assumptions about the format or alignment of input data, and (iii) in practice use linear time, use constant space, and give good compression. We present new algorithms, which do not always compress optimally but use considerably less time or space than existing algorithms. One new algorithm runs in O ( n ) time and O (1) space in the worst case (where each unit of space contains [log n ] bits), as compared to algorithms that run in O ( n ) time and O ( n ) space or in O ( n 2 ) time and O (1) space. We introduce two new techniques for differential compression and apply these to give additional algorithms that improve compression and time performance. We experimentally explore the properties of our algorithms by running them on actual versioned data. Finally, we present theoretical results that limit the compression power of differencing algorithms that are restricted to making only a single pass over the data.
PI3K/AKT, MAPK and AMPK signalling: protein kinases in glucose homeostasis (2012)

New therapeutic approaches to counter the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are in high demand. Deregulation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, which are essential for glucose homeostasis, often results in obesity and diabetes. Thus, these pathways should be attractive therapeutic targets. However, with the exception of metformin, which is considered to function mainly by activating AMPK, no treatment for the metabolic syndrome based on targeting protein kinases has yet been developed. By contrast, therapies based on the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways are already successful in the treatment of diverse cancer types and inflammatory diseases. This contradiction prompted us to review the signal transduction mechanisms of PI3K/AKT, MAPK and AMPK and their roles in glucose homeostasis, and we also discuss current clinical implications.
Piezoelectric actuated micro-resonators based on the growth of diamond on aluminum nitride thin films (2012)

Unimorph heterostructures based on piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) and diamond thin films are highly desirable for applications in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems. In this paper, we present a new approach to combine thin conductive boron-doped as well as insulating nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) with sputtered AlN films without the need for any buffer layers between AlN and NCD or polishing steps. The zeta potentials of differently treated nanodiamond (ND) particles in aqueous colloids are adjusted to the zeta potential of AlN in water. Thereby, the nucleation density for the initial growth of diamond on AlN can be varied from very low (10(8) cm(-2)), in the case of hydrogen-treated ND seeding particles, to very high values of 10(11) cm(-2) for oxidized ND particles. Our approach yielding high nucleation densities allows the growth of very thin NCD films on AlN with thicknesses as low as 40 nm for applications such as microelectromechanical beam resonators. Fabricated piezo-actuated micro-resonators exhibit enhanced mechanical properties due to the incorporation of boron-doped NCD films. Highly boron-doped NCD thin films which replace the metal top electrode offer Young's moduli of more than 1000 GPa.
The effects of micromachined surfaces on formation of bonelike tissue on subcutaneous implants as assessed by radiography and computer image processing (1997)

Surface topography varies widely among commercially available orthopedic and dental implants. While it is generally accepted that the surface topography of an implant influences the formation of bone and affects its performance, few systematic studies have dealt with this important feature. Quantification of the mineralized tissue at the implant interface has typically been attempted using histologic methods or conventional radiographic procedures. However, histologic methods are often technically demanding and time consuming, whereas conventional radiographic procedures lack resolution and sensitivity to identify small areas of mineralization. The objective of this study was to study systematically the effects of micromachined surfaces on bone formation by applying digital radiographic techniques to identify and quantify mineralized tissue. Titanium-coated epoxy replicas of 19 different micromachined grooved or pitted surfaces that ranged between 30 and 120 microns deep, as well as smooth control surfaces, were implanted percutaneously and fixed to the parietal bone of rats. After 8 weeks the implants and attached tissue were removed and processed for light and electron microscopy. A total of 316 implant surfaces were processed, radiographed using conventional and digital techniques, and sectioned for histologic observations. The area of the bonelike tissue and its density were calculated using National Institutes of Health Image software. Mineralization was frequently noted at the interface of some types of micromachined surface but rarely on smooth surfaces. The presence of bone in histologic sections and areas identified as bone through digital radiography and image processing correlated strongly. The frequency of bonelike foci formation decreased as the depth of the grooves increased. In contrast, mineralization occurred more frequently as the depth of the pit increased. In addition, bonelike foci were oriented along the long axis of the grooves. It is thus feasible that the bonelike tissue is shaped, directed, or engineered to a predetermined configuration which is dictated by the surface topography. This study indicated that surface topography influences the frequency as well as the amount of bone deposited adjacent to implants, and mineralized product can be guided by the surface topography. Moreover, digital radiography and image processing can be used reliably to identify and quantify mineralized tissue at the implant interface.
Targeting gamma interferon to tumor cells by a genetically engineered fusion protein secreted from myeloma cells (1996)

The construction, synthesis and expression of a genetically engineered bifunctional antibody/cytokine fusion protein is described. To target IFN-tau to tumor cells, recombinant antibody techniques were used to construct a RM4/IFN-tau fusion protein containing the chimeric anti-tumor F(ab')2 (RM4) and the IFN-tau moiety. The recombinant cDNA of IFN-tau was linked to 3 prime end of the chimeric heavy-chain gene fragment (M4) containing the VH, the CH1 and the hinge region to form the fused heavy-chain gene fragment M4-IFN-tau. Transfection of the M4-IFN-tau gene fragment into a myeloma derived cell line VKCK which produced the chimeric light-chain of the same antibody, allowed the transfectant secreting the bifunctional fusion protein RM4/IFN-tau. The RM4/IFN-tau was purified by the affinity chromatography. Our data showed that the RM4/IFN-tau retained the TAG72 antigen-binding reactivity as well as the IFN-tau activity as measured in ELISA, FACS analysis of cell-surface TAG72 expression, immunohistochemical study, and up-regulation of cell-surface expression of CEA, HLA class I and class II antigens. Therefore, the bifunctional fusion protein RM4/IFN-tau may prove to be useful in targeting biological effects of the IFN-tau to tumor cells and in this way to stimulate the immune destruction of tumor cells.
Effect of long-term ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on the expression of estrogen receptor gene in female rats (2000)

We conclude that the regulation of ERs by its ligand is tissue specific.
Education and Training for the Book and Information World (1989)

Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community has been digitised and can be accessed in full on this website. All content is freely available on an open-access basis. Serials was published between 1988 and 2011. In 2012, the journal was retitled and is now published as Insights: the UKSG journal.
Image feature analysis and computer-aided diagnosis in digital radiography. 2. Computerized determination of vessel sizes in digital subtraction angiography (1987)

We developed an iterative deconvolution technique to determine the size of a "blurred" vessel in a digital subtraction angiographic (DSA) image by taking into account the unsharpness of the DSA system. Initially, a region of interest over a small segment of the contrast-filled vessel was selected in a DSA image, and the center line of the opacified vessel was determined by polynomial curve fitting of the locations of the peak pixel values along the vessel image. The blurred image profile was then obtained from pixel values across the vessel in a direction perpendicular to the center line. This measured profile was compared iteratively with a calculated profile for various size vessels, which was obtained from a cylindrical vessel model and from the line spread function, until the root-mean-square difference between the two profiles was minimized. The size of a cylindrical vessel yielding the matched profile was considered the best estimate of the unknown vessel size. Studies with a blood vessel phantom indicated that vessels larger than 0.5 mm could be measured with an accuracy and precision of approximately 0.1 mm, which is about 1/3 of the pixel size used in our DSA system. Details of our approach and some clinical vessel images with and without simulated stenotic lesions are presented.
Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (2015)

The novel catheter system allows ablation with high stability on low operator fluoroscopy exposure.
Novel flowable CVD process technology for sub-20nm interlayer dielectrics (2012)

Flowable CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process having merits in terms of both superior gap-fill performance of SOD (Spin-on Dielectric) and process stability of CVD was introduced for the interlayer dielectric (ILD) in sub-20nm devices based on new concept and precursor. Remote plasma during low temperature deposition and ozone treatment was adopted to stabilize the film. We also developed a novel Flowable CVD process which does not oxidize Si or electrode, resulted in removal of Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> stopper layer as an oxidation or diffusion barrier. After the application of Flowable CVD to 20nm DRAM ILD, we could reduce not only loading capacitance of Bit-line by 15% but also enhance comparable productivity. Through the successful development of sub-20nm DRAM ILD Gap-fill process, Flowable CVD was successful demonstrated as a promising candidate for mass production-worthy ILD in sub-20nm next generation devices.
Cell death and infection: A double-edged sword for host and pathogen survival (2011)

Host cell death is an intrinsic immune defense mechanism in response to microbial infection. However, bacterial pathogens use many strategies to manipulate the host cell death and survival pathways to enhance their replication and survival. This manipulation is quite intricate, with pathogens often suppressing cell death to allow replication and then promoting it for dissemination. Frequently, these effects are exerted through modulation of the mitochondrial pro-death, NF-κB-dependent pro-survival, and inflammasome-dependent host cell death pathways during infection. Understanding the molecular details by which bacterial pathogens manipulate cell death pathways will provide insight into new therapeutic approaches to control infection.
Selecting Combinatorial Libraries to Optimize Diversity and Physical Properties (1998)

The program SELECT is presented for the design of combinatorial libraries. SELECT is based on a genetic algorithm with a multi-objective fitness function. Any number of objectives can be included, provided that they can be readily calculated. Typically, the objectives would be to maximize structural diversity while ensuring that the compounds in the library have “drug-like” properties. In the examples given, structural diversity is measured using Daylight fingerprints as descriptors and either the normalized sum of pairwise dissimilarities, calculated with the cosine coefficient, or the average nearest neighbor distance, calculated with the Tanimoto coefficient, as the measure of diversity. The objectives are specified at run time. Combinatorial libraries are selected by analyzing product space, which gives significant advantages over methods that are based on analyzing reactant space. SELECT can also be used to choose an optimal configuration for a multicomponent library. The performance of SELECT is demonstrated by its application to the design of a two-component amide library and to the design of a three-component thiazoline-2-imine library.
Erratic gastric emptying of levodopa may cause “random” fluctuations of parkinsonian mobility (1988)

The pathogenesis of "random" fluctuations in parkinsonian mobility, which are not clearly related to the dosing schedule of levodopa, has not been determined. We rated parkinsonian mobility and assayed plasma dopa in one patient with clinically random fluctuations during two modes of administration of levodopa/carbidopa: (1) standard oral route and (2) direct duodenal delivery via nasoduodenal tube. During oral therapy, mobility varied unpredictably in relation to levodopa dosing, suggesting a clinically random pattern. During duodenal delivery, however, a predictable and dramatic pattern of recurrent end-of-dose deterioration was observed; each intraduodenal levodopa dose resulted in 60 to 90 minutes of benefit. Plasma dopa levels correlated closely with mobility ratings for both modes of administration. Our findings indicate that erratic gastric emptying of levodopa is responsible for apparently "random" oscillations in mobility in at least one patient with Parkinson's disease and probably in others.
Smooth muscle cells and the pathogenesis of the lesions of atherosclerosis (1993)

In this review we have tried to identify the characteristic features of SMCs in developing lesions of atherosclerosis and the extracellular factors that may be involved in regulating these altered features. Though the list seems long and complex there is probably a great deal of interplay among the different regulatory mechanisms. The function and activities of SMCs in the artery are dependent on the milieu created by the surrounding cells and the components of the extracellular matrix. In the normal, uninjured media of the artery, SMC phenotype and function seem to be in large part determined by the extracellular matrix in which they are embedded and by diffusible factors, in particular from endothelial cells. Endothelial cell injury, infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes, and ultimately, thrombosis and platelet release, as seen in developing lesions of atherosclerosis, dramatically alter the balance of growth-regulatory and vasoactive factors present in the local environment. These extracellular factors (table and figure) can alter both SMC phenotype, and thus responsiveness, and SMC migration, proliferation, and synthesis of the extracellular matrix. A better understanding of how specific factors mediate these responses, should make it possible to determine the ways in which the SMC response can be modulated. Though growth regulatory molecules seem to be key to this process, the challenge for the future is to understand their regulation in the environment of the artery wall and the interplay between growth-regulatory molecules, extracellular matrix, and vasoactive agents.