gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of stable high order 1-bit sigma-delta modulators (2002)

A method for designing stable 1-b high-order (>or=3) sigma-delta modulators is presented. The stability analysis is based on the root locus and modeling the quantizer for each clock period at a time. The quantizer's gain in the modulator at the present clock period determines the modulator's stability for the next clock period. If the modulator is stable during each clock period, it is unconditionally stable and behaves as a linear analog/digital converter. Examples with third-, fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-order sigma-delta modulators are given to explore the use of the proposed method in practice. With the designed sixth-order modulator it is possible to achieve 23-b signal-to-quantization noise ratio at the oversampling ratio of 64.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
850-950nm WideBand OM4 Multimode Fiber for Next-Generation WDM Systems (2015)

A wideband OM4 multimode fiber for 850–950nm operation was fabricated by optimizing the Alpha value of the index profile. Bandwidth, differential-mode-delay, bit-error-rate measurements are presented. This wideband fiber offers OM4 performance over the 850–950nm window.
Single-feed dual-frequency microstrip antenna with two patches (2003)

A variety of dual-frequency microstrip antennas have been previously reported. However, it is noted that these dual-frequency designs usually support limited tunable frequency ratios for the two operating frequencies. To provide a very flexible frequency ratio for a single-feed dual-frequency microstrip antenna, the design with two circular patches has also been shown. Such a design, however, uses a relatively complicated matching network between the two patches. We present a new structure of using an inset-microstrip line to simplify the matching network, which makes the present proposed design simpler and easier to be constructed. The proposed design method applied to two rectangular patches has been successfully implemented. The obtained frequency ratio of the two operating frequencies can be flexible, and good dual-frequency performances are also observed. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Collagen-coated acrylic microspheres for embolotherapy: in vivo and in vitro characteristics. (1997)

Particle aggregation and catheter occlusion do not complicate the transcatheter delivery of collagen-coated acrylic microspheres as they do with PVA particles. For a given particle and vessel size, acrylic microspheres penetrate to a much greater extent than the PVA particles. Tissue reaction to acrylic microspheres and PVA particles is similar.
Role of the CNS Melanocortin System in the Response to Overfeeding (1999)

The voluntary suppression of food intake that accompanies involuntary overfeeding is an effective regulatory response to positive energy balance. Because the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived melanocortin system in the hypothalamus promotes anorexia and weight loss and is an important mediator of energy regulation, we hypothesized that it may contribute to the hypophagic response to overfeeding. Two groups of rats were overfed to 105 and 116% of control body weight via a gastric catheter. In the first group, in situ hybridization was used to measure POMC gene expression in the rostral arcuate (ARC). Overfeeding increased POMC mRNA in the ARC by 180% relative to levels in control rats. For rats in the second group, the overfeeding was stopped, and they were infused intracerebroventricularly with SHU9119 (SHU), a melanocortin (MC) antagonist at the MC3 and MC4 receptor, or vehicle. Although SHU (0.1 nmol) had no effect on food intake of control rats, intake of overfed rats increased by 265% relative to CSF-treated controls. This complete reversal of regulatory hypophagia not only maintained but actually increased the already elevated weight of overfed rats, whereas CSF-treated overfed rats lost weight. These results indicate that CNS MCs mediate hypophagic signaling in response to involuntary overfeeding and support the hypothesis that MCs are important in the central control of energy homeostasis.
Atriopeptin-activated guanylate cyclase in the anterior segment. Identification, localization, and effects of atriopeptins on IOP. (1987)

Atriopeptins are a recently-discovered group of polypeptides secreted from cardiac myocytes in response to fluid overload. The present studies demonstrate that atriopeptin receptors, coupled to the activation of guanylate cyclase, are present in rabbit ciliary process. Rat atrial natriuretic peptide 1-28 (rANP) activated ciliary process guanylate cyclase activity with a Vmax of from 24-337% and with a Ka of from 0.4-4 nM, similar to that for atriopeptin receptors present in rabbit kidney. Activation was greater for the intact peptide than for rANP fragments 1-11 or 13-28, and stimulated activity was greater in isolated ciliary processes than in ciliary muscle or iris. Intravitreal injection of the complete peptide into living rabbits caused a marked decrease in IOP in the ipsilateral eye which persisted for more than 48 hr and occurred without evidence of an inflammatory response. There was a smaller decrease in IOP in the contralateral eye. Following intravitreal injection of rANP 1-28, atriopeptin levels in aqueous humor remained elevated for at least 44 hr. Injection of the biochemically less active rANP fragments 1-11 and 13-28 caused no decrease in IOP. These physiological data, together with the biochemical identification of atriopeptin receptors and second messenger systems in the ciliary process, suggest that certain tissues of the anterior segment may be atriopeptin end-organs and that agents acting at atriopeptin receptors may be able to regulate IOP.
Bilateral endoscopic splanchnicectomy through a posterior thoracoscopic approach. (1994)

The technique of bilateral total splanchnicectomy performed through a posterior thoracoscopic approach is described. The advantages of this route include excellent visual exposure of the neural anatomy of the sympathetic and avoidance of single lung anaesthesia. The procedure was performed for the relief of intractable pain in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (n = 3) and patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis (n = 5). Persistent relief of pain until death was obtained in the patients with pancreatic cancer (2, 4, 6 months). In patients with chronic pancreatitis, the benefit to date has varied with the severity of the disease. In two patients with severe advanced disease and previous percutaneous blocks, the relief of pain lasted only 3 and 5 weeks and both patients required resection for renewed intractable pain. In three patients with minimal change disease, relief of pain has been good in the short term (maximum follow-up of 8 months). Bilateral thoracoscopic total splanchnicectomy merits further evaluation in patients with pancreatic pain. No complications including hypotension have been encountered.
Targeting of IgMκ Antibodies to Oligodendrocytes Promotes CNS Remyelination (1998)

We previously identified the remyelinating activity of a natural IgMκ oligodendrocyte-reactive autoantibody (SCH94.03), using a virus-induced murine model of multiple sclerosis. We now describe a second mouse IgMκ monoclonal antibody (mAb) (SCH79.08) raised against normal mouse spinal cord homogenate, which reacts with myelin basic protein and also promotes remyelination. Because these two mAbs recognize different oligodendrocyte antigens, several previously identified oligodendrocyte-reactive IgMκ mAbs (O1, O4, A2B5, and HNK-1), each with distinct antigen specificities, were evaluated and found to promote remyelination. In contrast, IgMκ mAbs that did not bind to oligodendrocytes showed no remyelination. One of these, CH12 IgMκ mAb, which shares variable region cDNA sequences with SCH94.03 except for amino acid differences in the complementarity-determining region 3 in both heavy and light chains, did not bind to oligodendrocytes and did not promote remyelination. The fact that multiple oligodendrocyte-reactive antibodies with distinct antigen reactivities induce remyelination argues against direct activation by a unique cell surface receptor. These findings are most consistent with the hypothesis that the binding of mAbs to oligodendrocytes in the lesions induces myelin repair via indirect immune effector mechanisms initiated by the μ-chain. Importantly, these studies indicate that oligodendrocyte-reactive natural autoantibodies may provide a powerful and novel therapeutic means to induce remyelination in multiple sclerosis patients.
Gene expression profiling of the pH response inShigella flexneri2a (2007)

The pH response of Shigella flexneri 2a 301 was identified by gene expression profiling. Gene expression profiles of cells grown in pH 4.5 or 8.6 were compared with the profiles of cells grown at pH 7.0. Differential expression was observed for 307 genes: 97 were acid up-regulated, 102 were acid down-regulated, 91 were base up-regulated, and 86 were base down-regulated. Twenty-seven genes were found to be both acid and base up-regulated, and 29 genes were both acid and base down-regulated. This study showed that (1) the most pH-dependent genes regulate energy metabolism; (2) the RpoS-dependent acid-resistance system is induced, while the glutamate-dependent acid resistance system is not; (3) high pH up-regulates some virulence genes, while low pH down-regulates them, consistent with Shigella infection of the low gut; and (4) several cross-stress response genes are induced by pH changes. These results also illustrate that many unknown genes are significantly regulated under acid or basic conditions, providing researchers with important information to characterize their function.
Human HLA class I- and HLA class II-restricted cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes identify a cluster of epitopes on the measles virus fusion protein (1993)

The transmembrane fusion (F) glycoprotein of measles virus is an important target antigen of human HLA class I- and class II-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Genetically engineered F proteins and nested sets of synthetic peptides spanning the F protein were used to determine sequences of F recognized by a number of F-specific CTL clones. Combined N- and C-terminal deletions of the respective peptides revealed that human HLA class I and HLA class II-restricted CTL efficiently recognize nonapeptides or decapeptides representing epitopes of F. Three distinct sequences recognized by three different HLA class II (DQw1, DR2, and DR4/w53)-restricted CTL clones appear to cluster between amino acids 379 and 466 of F, thus defining an important T-cell epitope area of F. Within this same region, a nonamer peptide of F was found to be recognized by an HLA-B27-restricted CTL clone, as expected on the basis of the structural homology between this peptide and other known HLA-B27 binding peptides.
De novo Biosynthesis of Biodiesel by Escherichia coli in Optimized Fed-Batch Cultivation (2011)

Biodiesel is a renewable alternative to petroleum diesel fuel that can contribute to carbon dioxide emission reduction and energy supply. Biodiesel is composed of fatty acid alkyl esters, including fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), and is currently produced through the transesterification reaction of methanol (or ethanol) and triacylglycerols (TAGs). TAGs are mainly obtained from oilseed plants and microalgae. A sustainable supply of TAGs is a major bottleneck for current biodiesel production. Here we report the de novo biosynthesis of FAEEs from glucose, which can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass, in genetically engineered Escherichia coli by introduction of the ethanol-producing pathway from Zymomonas mobilis, genetic manipulation to increase the pool of fatty acyl-CoA, and heterologous expression of acyl-coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferase from Acinetobacter baylyi. An optimized fed-batch microbial fermentation of the modified E. coli strain yielded a titer of 922 mg L(-1) FAEEs that consisted primarily of ethyl palmitate, -oleate, -myristate and -palmitoleate.
A Thermally Re-mendable Cross-Linked Polymeric Material (2002)

We have developed a transparent organic polymeric material that can repeatedly mend or "re-mend" itself under mild conditions. The material is a tough solid at room temperature and below with mechanical properties equaling those of commercial epoxy resins. At temperatures above 120 degrees C, approximately 30% (as determined by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) of "intermonomer" linkages disconnect but then reconnect upon cooling, This process is fully reversible and can be used to restore a fractured part of the polymer multiple times, and it does not require additional ingredients such as a catalyst, additional monomer, or special surface treatment of the fractured interface.
HMM-based strategies for enhancement of speech signals embedded in nonstationary noise (1998)

An improved hidden Markov model-based (HMM-based) speech enhancement system designed using the minimum mean square error principle is implemented and compared with a conventional spectral subtraction system. The improvements to the system are: (1) incorporation of mixture components in the HMM for noise in order to handle noise nonstationarity in a more flexible manner, (2) two efficient methods in the speech enhancement system design that make the system real-time implementable, and (3) an adaptation method to the noise type in order to accommodate a wide variety of noise expected under the enhancement system's operating environment. The results of the experiments designed to evaluate the performance of the HMM-based speech enhancement systems in comparison with spectral subtraction are reported. Three types of noise-white noise, simulated helicopter noise, and multitalker (cocktail party) noise-were used to corrupt the test speech signals. Both objective (global SNR) and subjective mean opinion score (MOS) evaluations demonstrate consistent superiority of the HMM-based enhancement systems that incorporate the innovations described in this paper over the conventional spectral subtraction method.
Micropolygon ray tracing with defocus and motion blur (2010)

We present a micropolygon ray tracing algorithm that is capable of efficiently rendering high quality defocus and motion blur effects. A key component of our algorithm is a BVH (bounding volume hierarchy) based on 4D hyper-trapezoids that project into 3D OBBs (oriented bounding boxes) in spatial dimensions. This acceleration structure is able to provide tight bounding volumes for scene geometries, and is thus efficient in pruning intersection tests during ray traversal. More importantly, it can exploit the natural coherence on the time dimension in motion blurred scenes. The structure can be quickly constructed by utilizing the micropolygon grids generated during micropolygon tessellation. Ray tracing of defocused and motion blurred scenes is efficiently performed by traversing the structure. Both the BVH construction and ray traversal are easily implemented on GPUs and integrated into a GPU-based micropolygon renderer. In our experiments, our ray tracer performs up to an order of magnitude faster than the state-of-art rasterizers while consistently delivering an image quality equivalent to a maximum-quality rasterizer. We also demonstrate that the ray tracing algorithm can be extended to handle a variety of effects, such as secondary ray effects and transparency.
MINIATURIZED INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY (2002)

Microsystems technologies allow to considerably improve the functionality of existing medical instruments and produce novel devices. Using extremely miniaturized operation systems based on micro-technically processed nickel-titanium alloys, minimally invasive therapeutic interventions can be accomplished in the most sensitive parts of the human body. This has not been possible so far. Fields of use presently comprise among others minimally invasive surgery, endoscopic neurosurgery, interventional cardiology, gynaecology, urology, and ophthalmology.
Continual and partial MEK inhibition ameliorates cardio-facio-cutaneous phenotypes in zebrafish (2012)

Cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome is caused by germline mutations in KRAS, BRAF and MEK1/2. The highly selective and potent MEK inhibitors that have been developed as anti-cancer agents hold potential as therapeutics for CFC syndrome. We have previously shown that the effects of CFC mutations on zebrafish gastrulation can be prevented by a 1-hour treatment with MEK inhibitors within a specific developmental time-window. However, MEK activity is essential for normal development and PD0325901 treatment outside this treatment window leads to additional developmental defects in MEK-dependent tissues. We now test ten different doses of PD0325901 at six developmental time points and assess the effects on body axis length, heart development and craniofacial structures in zebrafish embryos. Notably, we find that a continuous low-level dose of PD0325901 that has only minor inhibition of MEK activity can prevent the action of both the common CFC BRAF(Q257R) kinase-active allele and the BRAF(G596V) kinase-impaired mutant allele through the first 5 days of development. These results provide a detailed study of the effects of PD0325901 in development and show that, unlike in cancer, which requires robust inhibition of MAPK signalling, a partial reduction in phospho-ERK1/2 activity is sufficient to moderate the developmental effects of BRAF(CFC) mutations.
Ecological Roulette: The Global Transport of Nonindigenous Marine Organisms (1993)

Ocean-going ships carry, as ballast, seawater that is taken on in port and released at subsequent ports of call. Plankton samples from Japanese ballast water released in Oregon contained 367 taxa. Most taxa with a planktonic phase in their life cycle were found in ballast water, as were all major marine habitat and trophic groups. Transport of entire coastal planktonic assemblages across oceanic barriers to similar habitats renders bays, estuaries, and inland waters among the most threatened ecosystems in the world. Presence of taxonomically difficult or inconspicuous taxa in these samples suggests that ballast water invasions are already pervasive.
Effect of deoxynucleoside phosphorothioates incorporated in DNA on cleavage by restriction enzymes. (1982)

DNA synthesized in vitro using deoxynucleoside phosphorothioates as substrates is quite similar to normal DNA in its biochemical properties (Vosberg, H.P., and Eckstein, F. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 3633-3640). In order to investigate the effect of phosphorothioate groups in DNA on the cleavage pattern of restriction endonucleases phosphorothioate double-stranded, circular, replicative form of fd DNA was synthesized in vitro with Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I using native single-stranded DNA as template and mixtures of three normal nucleotides and one nucleoside phosphorothioate analogue as substrates. The double-stranded products were hybrids with respect to their phosphorothioate content. Restriction analysis of normal and phosphorothioate DNA with the restriction endonucleases Hae III, Bam HI, Hpa II, HindII, Alu I, and Taq I showed that the enzymes were inhibited to different degrees depending on which of the nucleotides was replaced by the phosphorothioate. Most significant, inhibition was seen throughout with those DNAs which contained a phosphorothioate exactly at the cleavage site. Phosphorothioate substitutions at other positions, but still within the recognition sequences, were, except for Alu I, not or weakly inhibitory. Phosphorothioate nucleotides not present in the recognition sequences did not affect at all the fragment patterns. The results show that recognition sequences of restriction endonucleases can be selectively protected against cleavage by base-specific introduction of phosphorothioate groups into DNA.
Gene cloning, expression and characterization of novel phytase from Obesumbacterium proteus (2004)

The gene phyA encoding phytase was isolated from Obesumbacterium proteus genomic library and sequenced. The cleavage site of the PhyA signal peptide was predicted and experimentally proved. The PhyA protein shows maximum identity of 53% and 47% to phosphoanhydride phosphorylase from Yersinia pestis and phytase AppA from Escherichia coli, respectively. Based on protein sequence similarity of PhyA and its homologs, the phytases form a novel subclass of the histidine acid phosphatase family. To characterize properties of the PhyA protein, we expressed the phyA gene in E. coli. The specific activity of the purified recombinant PhyA was 310 U mg−1 of protein. Recombinant PhyA showed activity at pH values from 1.5 through 6.5 with the optimum at 4.9. The temperature optimum was 40–45 °C at pH 4.9. The Km value for sodium phytate was 0.34 mM with a Vmax of 435 U mg−1.
Bone Marrow Failure in the Fanconi Anemia Group C Mouse Model After DNA Damage (1998)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a pleiotropic inherited disease that causes bone marrow failure in children. However, the specific involvement of FA genes in hematopoiesis and their relation to bone marrow (BM) failure is still unclear. The increased sensitivity of FA cells to DNA cross-linking agents such as mitomycin C (MMC) and diepoxybutane (DEB), including the induction of chromosomal aberrations and delay in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, have suggested a role for the FA genes in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. We previously reported the cloning of the FA group C gene (FAC) and the generation of a Fac mouse model. Surprisingly, the Fac -/- mice did not show any of the hematologic defects found in FA patients. To better understand the relationship of FA gene functions to BM failure, we have analyzed the in vivo effect of an FA-specific DNA damaging agent in Fac -/- mice. The mice were found to be highly sensitive to DNA cross-linking agents; acute exposure to MMC produced a marked BM hypoplasia and degeneration of proliferative tissues and caused death within a few days of treatment. However, sequential, nonlethal doses of MMC caused a progressive decrease in all peripheral blood parameters of Fac -/- mice. This treatment targeted specifically the BM compartment, with no effect on other proliferative tissues. The progressive pancytopenia resulted from a reduction in the number of early and committed hematopoietic progenitors. These results indicate that the FA genes are involved in the physiologic response of hematopoietic progenitor cells to DNA damage.