gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of Mn–EDTA2–complex in aqueous solution by relaxation nuclear magnetic resonance (1981)

A comprehensive analysis is given for water proton relaxation rates, T–11. and T–12, measured in solutions of Mn–EDTA2–. Protons of water molecules hydrogen-bonded to co-ordinating carboxylate oxygen atoms of EDTA make a significant contribution to overall relaxation rates. After allowing for these secondary solvation-shell contributions, it is demonstrated that one water molecule is directly co-ordinated to the metal ion. The rotational correlation time of Mn2+ ions is increased from 4.2 × 10–11 to 6.3 × 10–11 s upon complexation and the electron spin relaxation time decreases from 1.5 × 10–8 to 1.67 × 10–9 s at 60 MHz.
Indexing of baseball telecast for content-based video retrieval (2002)

We propose a method to index baseball telecast for content-based video retrieval. In our approach, assumptions specific to baseball telecast are used to index video-recordings. In, the first stage of the system, we detect domain specific scene in a baseball video based-on image similarity. These scene, called basic scene in the paper, are the shots which include a single pitching in each. After extracting these scenes, we spot the exact location of pitching and batting action using continuous dynamic programming matching for fixed areas in the image. If the batter swing the bat, we determine the end point of the play from the camera view after batting to recognize the batting result. We also recognize the caption to verify/confirm the recognition result. We stored summarized version of the telecast with these indexes to form a video-database. To validate the approach, we parsed 53 throws in a baseball game using the system, and the percentages of correct spotting for pitching and batting are 96% and 89%, respectively. The validity of the indexing is examined in the report.
Interposed Abdominal Compression CPR for an Out-ofHospital Cardiac Arrest Victim Failing Traditional CPR (2015)

Interposed abdominal compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (IAC-CPR) is an alternative technique to traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) that can improve perfusion and lead to restoration of circulation in patients with chest wall deformity either acquired through vigorous CPR or co-morbidity such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We report a case of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest where IAC-CPR allowed for restoration of spontaneous circulation and eventual full neurologic recovery when traditional CPR was failing to generate adequate pulses with chest compression alone.
Purification and cDNA sequence of an inducible nitric oxide synthase from a human tumor cell line (1993)

A combination of cytokines induced the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, DLD-1. We have purified the enzyme and examined some of its biochemical properties. An antiserum to an inducible NOS from murine macrophages cross-reacted with the DLD-1 NOS. The purified human and murine enzymes displayed a similar lack of dependence on exogenous calcium and calmodulin for activity, which contrasts with the requirement for calcium and calmodulin of purified brain and endothelial isoforms of NOS. We have also isolated a cDNA for a cytokine-induced NOS from DLD-1 cells. Sequence analysis of this cDNA and NOS cDNAs from human liver, smooth muscle, and macrophages suggests that, at the genetic level, there is a single isoform of human-inducible NOS.
Evaluation of HER-2/neu gene amplification and protein expression in non-small cell lung carcinomas (2002)

HER-2/neu gene amplification and cell surface overexpression are important factors in breast cancer for prognosis and prediction of sensitivity to anti-HER-2/neu monoclonal antibody therapy. In lung cancer, the clinical significance of HER-2/neu expression is currently under evaluation. We investigated 238 non-small lung carcinomas for HER-2/neu protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry using the HercepTest. We found 2+ or 3+ overexpression in 39 patients (16%), including 35% in adenocarcinomas and 20% in large cell carcinomas, but only 1% of squamous cell carcinomas. Marked (3+) overexpression was uncommon (4%). The association between protein expression and gene copy number per cell, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridisation assay, was investigated in 51 of these NSCLC tumours. Twenty-seven tumours (53%) were negative by both tests. Marked (3+) protein expression and gene amplification were present in only 4% of samples. In 11 tumours (21%), gene gain was accompanied by chromosomal aneusomy and did not result in high protein levels while in 7 (14%) the score 2+ was associated with maximum number of signals per cell <9. The prognostic implication of HER-2/neu protein expression was studied in 187 surgically resected tumours. No statistical difference in survival was observed comparing patients with positive (2+/3+) and negative tumours (0/1+), although 3+ patients showed a tendency to shorter survival. The therapeutic implications of protein expression and gene amplification in lung cancer need to be examined in prospective clinical trials.
Gangliosides of Human Melanoma2 (1987)

The ganglioside composition of human malignant melanoma was studied with the use of 80 melanoma specimens, including 52 surgical specimens and 28 cultured cell lines. A ganglioside fraction was isolated and purified from each of these tissues, and the amount of each component ganglioside was assessed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and a TLC scanner. Five gangliosides (GM3, GD3, GM2, GD2, and alkali-labile ganglioside) were most commonly expressed by these melanomas. However, the total ganglioside amount (ranging from 33 to 302 micrograms/g wet wt of tissue) as well as the distribution of each ganglioside were widely heterogeneous in both biopsied and cultured melanomas. When the ganglioside expressions of cultured and biopsied melanomas were compared, GM2 and GD2 were minor components of biopsied melanomas but often became major components of cultured melanoma cells. Conversely, alkali-labile ganglioside was expressed more strongly on biopsied melanomas. This heterogeneity suggests that it will be necessary to analyze the ganglioside composition of biopsied melanomas before using monoclonal antibodies to melanoma-associated gangliosides for melanoma diagnosis or therapy.
Recombineering: Genetic Engineering in Bacteria Using Homologous Recombination (2014)

The bacterial chromosome and bacterial plasmids can be engineered in vivo by homologous recombination using PCR products and synthetic oligonucleotides as substrates. This is possible because bacteriophage-encoded recombination proteins efficiently recombine sequences with homologies as short as 35 to 50 bases. Recombineering allows DNA sequences to be inserted or deleted without regard to location of restriction sites. This unit first describes preparation of electrocompetent cells expressing the recombineering functions and their transformation with dsDNA or ssDNA. It then presents support protocols that describe several two-step selection/counter-selection methods of making genetic alterations without leaving any unwanted changes in the targeted DNA, and a method for retrieving onto a plasmid a genetic marker (cloning by retrieval) from the Escherichia coli chromosome or a co-electroporated DNA fragment. Additional protocols describe methods to screen for unselected mutations, removal of the defective prophage from recombineering strains, and other useful techniques.
Synthesis of ribosyl and arabinosyl cyanides by reaction of 1-O-acyl sugars with trimethylsilyl cyanide (1982)

A new procedure is described for the synthesis of glycosyl cyanides by reaction of 1-O-acyl sugars with trimethyl-silyl cyanide in a polar aprotic solvent and in the presence of a Lewis acid as catalyst. A variety of ribosyl and arabinosyl cyanides have been made in this way from sugar derivatives having acyl, chloro, or methoxy leaving groups at the anomeric position, furanose or pyranose rings, and acyl or benzyl protecting groups. The 1,2-Trans-glycosyl cyanide was formed when the starting sugar had a participating 2-O-acyl substituent. A mixture of cyanide anomers was obtained when the starting sugar was protected with non-participating benzyl groups.
Learning End-to-End Goal-Oriented Dialog (2016)

Traditional dialog systems used in goal-oriented applications require a lot of domain-specific handcrafting, which hinders scaling up to new domains. End-to-end dialog systems, in which all components are trained from the dialogs themselves, escape this limitation. But the encouraging success recently obtained in chit-chat dialog may not carry over to goal-oriented settings. This paper proposes a testbed to break down the strengths and shortcomings of end-to-end dialog systems in goal-oriented applications. Set in the context of restaurant reservation, our tasks require manipulating sentences and symbols, so as to properly conduct conversations, issue API calls and use the outputs of such calls. We show that an end-to-end dialog system based on Memory Networks can reach promising, yet imperfect, performance and learn to perform non-trivial operations. We confirm those results by comparing our system to a hand-crafted slot-filling baseline on data from the second Dialog State Tracking Challenge (Henderson et al., 2014a). We show similar result patterns on data extracted from an online concierge service.
Continuous particle separation in a microchannel having asymmetrically arranged multiple branches (2005)

A new method for continuous size separation and collection of particles in microfabricated devices, asymmetric pinched flow fractionation (AsPFF), has been proposed and demonstrated. This method improves the separation scheme of pinched flow fractionation (PFF), which utilizes a laminar flow profile inside a microchannel. In this study, multiple branch channels with different channel dimensions were arranged at the end of the pinched segment, so that the flow rate distributions to each branch channel were varied, and a large part of the liquid was forced to go through one branch channel (drain channel). In the proposed channel system, the flow profile inside the microchannel was asymmetrically amplified, enabling the separation of one-order smaller particles compared with PFF. After introducing the method, we examined the effect of the asymmetric amplification by controlling the outlet of the drain channel. Also, a mixture of 1.0 approximately 5.0 microm particles was separated, and erythrocytes were successfully separated from blood. The results indicate that the AsPFF method could be applied to the separation of much smaller-size particles, since more precise separation can be achieved simply by changing the geometries of branch channels.
Crystallization, Crystal Structure Analysis and Atomic Model of the Complex Formed by a Human Fc Fragment and Fragment B of Protein A fromStaphylococcus aureus (1978)

Crystals of the complex formed by human Fc fragment and fragment B (FB) of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus were prepared and the crystal structure determined at high resolution by multiple isomorphous replacement. Phase were improved considerably by combining these phases with calculated phases from the Fc component. FB is a small globular protein built of three parallel helices arranged in a triangular array. It binds by the first two helices of Fc and is attached to segments of CH2 and CH3. The CH3 module is unchanged between complex and Fc fragment crystals, but CH2 changes its position slightly relative to CH3. In addition, the upper third of CH2 is disordered in the complex crystals. Possible sources of this disorder are discussed.
Transesterification of oil by fatty acid‐modified lipase (1993)

Fatty acid was covalently attached to lipase (EC 3.1.1.3.) from Phycomyces nites , yielding a modified lipase of higher specific activity in hydrolytic and synthetic reactions in organic solvents. Attached long‐chain fatty acids solubilized the lipase in organic solvent and, therefore, promotion of dispersibility in organic solvent resulted in much higher reactivity. The initial rate of transesterification by modified lipase was almost 40 times that of native lipase in organic solvent. The specificities and selectivity of the modified lipase depended on the kind of attached fatty acid.
Genetic and genomic tools for Xenopus research: The NIH Xenopus initiative (2002)

The NIH Xenopus Initiative is establishing many of the genetic and genomic resources that have been recommended by the Xenopus research community. These resources include cDNA libraries, expressed sequence tags, full-length cDNA sequences, genomic libraries, pilot projects to mutagenize and phenotype X. tropicalis, and sequencing the X. tropicalis genome. This review describes the status of these projects and explains how to access their data and resources. Current information about these activities is available on the NIH Xenopus Web site (http://www.nih.gov/science/models/xenopus/).
Comparison of Systemic and Mucosal Immunization with Helper-Dependent Adenoviruses for Vaccination against Mucosal Challenge with SHIV (2013)

Most HIV-1 infections are thought to occur at mucosal surfaces during sexual contact. It has been hypothesized that vaccines delivered at mucosal surfaces may mediate better protection against HIV-1 than vaccines that are delivered systemically. To test this, rhesus macaques were vaccinated by intramuscular (i.m.) or intravaginal (ivag.) routes with helper-dependent adenoviral (HD-Ad) vectors expressing HIV-1 envelope. Macaques were first immunized intranasally with species C Ad serotype 5 (Ad5) prior to serotype-switching with species C HD-Ad6, Ad1, Ad5, and Ad2 vectors expressing env followed by rectal challenge with CCR5-tropic SHIV-SF162P3. Vaccination by the systemic route generated stronger systemic CD8 T cell responses in PBMC, but weaker mucosal responses. Conversely, mucosal immunization generated stronger CD4 T cell central memory (Tcm) responses in the colon. Intramuscular immunization generated higher levels of env-binding antibodies, but neither produced neutralizing or cytotoxic antibodies. After mucosal SHIV challenge, both groups controlled SHIV better than control animals. However, more animals in the ivag. group had lower viral set points than in in the i.m. group. These data suggest mucosal vaccination may have improve protection against sexually-transmitted HIV. These data also demonstrate that helper-dependent Ad vaccines can mediate robust vaccine responses in the face of prior immunity to Ad5 and during four rounds of adenovirus vaccination.
Multiple descriptions encoding of images (1997)

Summary form only given. The authors consider the following multiterminal data compression problem. An image is to be compressed and transmitted to a destination over a set of unreliable links. If only one of the links is functional (i.e. data transmitted over all other links is completely lost), we would like to be able to reconstruct a low resolution version of our original image. If more links are functional, we would like the image quality to improve. Finally, with all links functioning, we desire a high resolution, possibly lossless reconstruction of the original image. Motivating applications for this problem are briefly discussed. We present conceptually simple and computationally efficient schemes that are useful in these applications. The schemes can be implemented as simple pre-processing and post-processing operations on existing image compression algorithms.
The study of 3D-from-2D using elimination (2002)

The paper unifies most of the current literature on 3D geometric invariants from point correspondences across multiple 2D views by using the tool of elimination from algebraic geometry. The technique allows one to predict results by counting parameters and reduces many complicated results obtained in the past (reconstructuon from two and three views, epipolar geometry from seven points, trilinearity of three views, the use of a priori 3D information such as bilateral symmetry, shading and color constancy, and more) into a few lines of reasoning each. The tool of Grobner base computation is used in the elimination process. In the process we obtain several results on N view geometry, and obtain a general result on invariant functions of 4 views and its corresponding quadlinear tensor: 4 views admit minimal sets of 16 invariant functions (of quadlinear forms) with 81 distinct coefficients that can be solved linearly from 6 corresponding points across 4 views. This result has non trivial implications to the understanding of N view geometry. We show a new result on single view invariants based on 6 points and show that certain relationships are impossible. One of the appealing features of the elimination approach is that it is simple to apply and does not require any understanding of the underlying 3D from 2D geometry and algebra.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐(3,4‐Dimethoxyphenyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thiol and 2‐Amino‐5‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole Derivatives Exhibiting Antiinflammatory Activity. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lymphocyte Circadian Clocks Control Lymph Node Trafficking and Adaptive Immune Responses (2017)

Lymphocytes circulate through lymph nodes (LN) in search for antigen in what is believed to be a continuous process. Here, we show that lymphocyte migration through lymph nodes and lymph occurred in a non-continuous, circadian manner. Lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes peaked at night onset, with cells leaving the tissue during the day. This resulted in strong oscillations in lymphocyte cellularity in lymph nodes and efferent lymphatic fluid. Using lineage-specific genetic ablation of circadian clock function, we demonstrated this to be dependent on rhythmic expression of promigratory factors on lymphocytes. Dendritic cell numbers peaked in phase with lymphocytes, with diurnal oscillations being present in disease severity after immunization to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). These rhythms were abolished by genetic disruption of T cell clocks, demonstrating a circadian regulation of lymphocyte migration through lymph nodes with time-of-day of immunization being critical for adaptive immune responses weeks later.
MULTICENTER TRIAL OF TOWNE STRAIN ATTENUATED VIRUS VACCINE IN SERONEGATIVE RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS (1994)

The Towne strain of attenuated CMV vaccine was compared with placebo in seronegative renal transplants who later received kidneys from seropositive donors. This was a double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trial conducted at 3 different institutions. The results were consistent with 2 prior studies, in that whereas mild CMV disease was only slightly and insignificantly reduced in vaccine recipients, severe disease was markedly reduced. In the current study, all 4 severe cases of CMV disease occurred in placebo recipients, for an incidence of 17%, versus 0% in vaccine recipients (P<0.03). Thus, prior immunization rendered seronegative patients more resistant to the effects of CMV infection.
Tunable liquid microlens (2003)

A tunable liquid microlens capable of adjusting its focal length and lateral position is demonstrated. The microlens consists of a droplet of a transparent conductive liquid placed on a dielectric substrate with a low surface energy coating. By varying the voltage applied to a set of electrodes positioned underneath of the dielectric substrate, both the position and curvature of the microlens can be reversibly changed. The dependence of the microlens behavior on the properties of the materials involved is experimentally investigated and supported by theoretical calculations. Potential limitations of the microlens performance associated with the contact angle hysteresis and stick–slip phenomena are outlined and possible ways to alleviate them are proposed. Possible extensions of the proposed approach are also discussed.
Antibody-Mediated Phagocytosis of the Amyloid β-Peptide in Microglia Is Differentially Modulated by C1q (2001)

Microglial ingestion of the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) has been viewed as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease, in that approaches that enhance clearance of Abeta relative to its production are predicted to result in decreased senile plaque formation, a proposed contributor to neuropathology. In vitro, scavenger receptors mediate ingestion of fibrillar Abeta (fAbeta) by microglia. However, the finding that cerebral amyloid deposition in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease was diminished by inoculation with synthetic Abeta has suggested a possible therapeutic role for anti-Abeta Ab-mediated phagocytosis. Microglia also express C1qR(P), a receptor for complement protein C1q, ligation of which in vitro enhances phagocytosis of immune complexes formed with IgG levels below that required for optimal FcR-mediated phagocytosis. The data presented here demonstrate FcR-dependent ingestion of Abeta-anti-Abeta complexes (IgG-fAbeta) by microglia that is a function of the amount of Ab used to form immune complexes. In addition, C1q incorporated into IgG-fAbeta enhanced microglial uptake of these complexes when they contained suboptimal levels of anti-Abeta Ab. Mannose binding lectin and lung surfactant protein A, other ligands of C1qR(P), also enhanced ingestion of suboptimally opsonized IgG-fAbeta, whereas control proteins did not. Our data suggest that C1qR(P)-mediated events may promote efficient ingestion of Abeta at low Ab titers, and this may be beneficial in paradigms that seek to clear amyloid via FcR-mediated mechanisms by minimizing the potential for destructive Ab-induced complement-mediated processes.
Intranasal Vaccination with Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Type 5 against Human Papillomavirus Type 16 L1 (2006)

Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) have been developed and evaluated as recombinant vectors for gene therapy in many preclinical studies, as well as in clinical trials. However, only a few approaches have used recombinant AAV (rAAV) to deliver vaccine antigens. We generated an rAAV encoding the major capsid protein L1 (L1h) from the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), aiming to develop a prophylactic vaccine against HPV16 infections, which are the major cause of cervical cancer in women worldwide. A single dose of rAAV5 L1h administered intranasally was sufficient to induce high titers of L1-specific serum antibodies, as well as mucosal antibodies in vaginal washes. Seroconversion was maintained for at least 1 year. In addition, a cellular immune response was still detectable 60 weeks after immunization. Furthermore, lyophilized rAAV5 L1h successfully evoked a systemic and mucosal immune response in mice. These data clearly show the efficacy of a single-dose intranasal immunization against HPV16 based on the recombinant rAAV5L1h vector without the need of an adjuvant.