gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation increases cAMP levels and voltage-gated Ca2+ channel activity in area CA1 of hippocampus. (1991)

Tetanic stimulation of the Schaffer collateral inputs into area CA1 of the hippocampus causes N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation, an effect that contributes to the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in this region. The present studies demonstrate that LTP-inducing tetanic stimulation in rat hippocampal area CA1 elicited increased levels of cAMP. The elevation of cAMP was blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV). Bath application of NMDA also resulted in an increase in cAMP in CA1, an effect that was blocked by both APV and removal of extracellular Ca2+. These findings suggest that activation of NMDA receptors elicits a Ca(2+)-dependent increase in cAMP, and taken together with the data from tetanic stimulation, suggest that NMDA-receptor-mediated increases in cAMP could play a role in the induction of LTP in area CA1. One role for cAMP may be to increase Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, as it was observed that application of either 8-bromo-cAMP or NMDA increased the fractional open time of high-threshold Ca2+ channels in CA1 pyramidal cells. Our results raise the possibility that a positive-feedback loop for Ca2+ influx in area CA1 exists. In this model, NMDA receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx leads to an enhancement of further Ca2+ influx via intermediate steps of increased cAMP and subsequent increased voltage-gated Ca2+ channel activity.
Ultra-Reliable Communication in 5G Wireless Systems (2014)

Wireless 5G systems will not only be “4G, but faster”. One of the novel features discussed in relation to 5G is Ultra-Reliable Communication (URC), an operation mode not present in today’s wireless systems. URC refers to provision of certain level of communication service almost 100 % of the time. E
The Pea rbcS-3A Promoter Mediates Light Responsiveness but not Organ Specificity. (1989)

The expression of the pea rbcS-3A gene is responsive to light and restricted to chloroplast-containing cells. Previously, we identified transcriptional elements between -410 and -50 relative to the transcription start site as being sufficient for this regulated expression. Here we investigate the role of the promoter region (-50 to +15) in rbcS-3A expression. We demonstrate an interaction between the promoter and upstream sequences located between -189 and -166, which is important for high level expression. In addition we show that, when the rbcS promoter is driven by a weak test enhancer, it can confer light-responsive but not organ-specific expression upon a bacterial reporter gene.
Electrochemical treatment of human KB cells in vitro (1999)

Electrochemical treatment (ECT) of cancer is a promising new method by which direct current is delivered into tumor tissue to induce tumor regression. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ECT on human cancer cells and to investigate the factors that affect ECT. The biological mechanisms of ECT in cancer treatment were also explored. Using human KB cells, ECT was found to delay cell growth by using 0.3 coulombs (C)/ml (1.5 C in 5 ml of culture medium; 3 V, 400 microA for 62.5 min). From the results of a colony-forming assay, it was clearly demonstrated that increasing the ECT dose decreases tumor cell survival. A cytotoxicity study, in which a methylene blue assay was used, determined that, for 2.5 x 10(5) cells in culture, the 1D50 was 0.68 C/ml. For a fixed dose of 0.6 C/ml (3 C in 5 ml), using higher current and shorter treatment time resulted in better cell survival. Time, therefore, is an important factor. When cell concentration was altered, the survival was higher for increased cell concentrations. A thymidine incorporation assay indicated that the amount of [3H]thymidine incorporated into DNA decreased as the ECT dose increased. After treatment with 1 C/ml (5 C in 5 ml; 3 V, 400 microA for 208.4 min), pH at the anode decreased to 4.53 and at the cathode increased to 10.46. These results indicate that ECT is effective for killing human KB cells in vitro and that the toxicity effect is related to charge, current, and treatment time. The effect of pH alteration on cells is one of the mechanisms of ECT.
Royal jelly and its unique fatty acid, 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, promote neurogenesis by neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro (2007)

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) proliferate vigorously as neurospheres in medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), but start differentiating into neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes in FGF-2-free medium. An extract of royal jelly (RJ) significantly increased the percentage in the total cell population of not only neurons immunoreactive for class III beta-tubulin (Tuj1) but also astrocytes immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and oligodendrocytes immunoreactive for 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) generated from NSCs, but decreased that of nestin-positive NSCs. These results highlight a novel and outstanding property of the RJ, i.e., that it facilitates the differentiation of all types of brain cells (neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes). On the other hand, 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid (HDEA), an unsaturated fatty acid characteristic of RJ, increased the generation of neurons and decreased that of astrocytes from NSCs. These observations suggest that RJ contains plural components that differently influence neuronal and/or glial lineages and that HDEA is one of such components of RJ that facilitates neurogenesis by NSCs.
Research on High-Power Power Factor Corrector of Power Electronic Transformer (2011)

Power electronic transformer (PET) which has a big potential application value in smart grid is an electrical power transformer device adopting power electronic converter and high frequency switch transformer. A new PET with power factor correctors (PFC) is proposed in this paper. Due to high power level of PET, PFC should have a high power level as well. Therefore, the multi-phase interleaved PFC is employed. The paper describes the one cycle control principle, proposes a current synthesis method based on IGBT current, and then analyses the relationship between ripple current and duty cycle of IGBT. In addition, the whole PFC system is simulated completely by means of Matlab/Simulink. In order to verify the theoretical analysis and simulation analysis, a four-phase interleaved PFC with a rated output power of 8.0kW is designed and implemented based on the an analog control chip. The obtained results show that the interleaved PFC by means of one cycle control and current synthesis is feasible, capable of reaching a good suppression effect of ripple current.
Recombinant migration inhibitory factor induces nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophages (1993)

A recombinant form of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) obtained from COS-1 cells transfected with a cDNA library from a human T cell hybridoma is able to activate, in a dose-dependent manner, murine macrophages to express nitric oxide (NO) synthase and to produce high levels of NO in vitro. The time course of the induction of NO synthase is similar to that produced by the IFN-gamma. Enzyme activity peaks at 24 h and is undetectable by 72 h. MIF can synergize with IFN-gamma in the induction of NO synthesis, and the induction of NO synthase by both MIF and IFN-gamma is sensitive to inhibition by dexamethasone. However, unlike IFN-gamma-induced NO generation, MIF is sufficient for the induction of the enzyme, does not synergize with LPS, and is highly sensitive to inhibition by transforming growth factor.
Unlocking the opportunity of tight glycaemic control (2005)

The long-term benefits of providing intensive insulin therapy to control blood glucose levels have been demonstrated in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, achieving good glycaemic control in clinical practice continues to be a major challenge with only a small proportion of people with diabetes achieving current treatment goals. Some of the reasons for this include ineffectual diet and weight control initiatives, limited efficacy of therapeutic agents or association with excessive adverse events, delayed initiation of insulin therapy and poor patient acceptance and compliance with a regimen of multiple daily insulin injections. New ways of delivering insulin without the need for subcutaneous injections may overcome many of these limitations and thus help in the early adoption of insulin treatment by patients, assist in achieving and maintaining long-term optimal glycaemic control and improve patients' quality of life.
Manipulation of carbon nanotubes using AC dielectrophoresis (2005)

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) suspended in isopropyl alcohol are placed between two cross-structured electrodes using an ac dielectrophoresis technique. The SWNTs are found to attach to the electrodes along the direction of the ac external electric field. The SWNTs predominately bridge the shortest gap between the two electrodes and the spatial distribution of the tubes becomes wider for a long manipulation time (say, greater than 300 s). The observed phenomenon is analyzed in terms of the dielectrophoresis-induced torque and force on the SWNTs. Our simulation shows that the time for rotating SWNTs to the direction of the electric field is much smaller than that for translating SWNTs. We also found that metallic SWNTs are forced along the gradient direction of spacial distribution of the electric field strength while semiconducting SWNTs are forced in the opposite direction.
VCP Associated Inclusion Body Myopathy and Paget Disease of Bone Knock-In Mouse Model Exhibits Tissue Pathology Typical of Human Disease (2010)

Dominant mutations in the valosin containing protein (VCP) gene cause inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). We have generated a knock-in mouse model with the common R155H mutation. Mice demonstrate progressive muscle weakness starting approximately at the age of 6 months. Histology of mutant muscle showed progressive vacuolization of myofibrils and centrally located nuclei, and immunostaining shows progressive cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 and ubiquitin-positive inclusion bodies in quadriceps myofibrils and brain. Increased LC3-II staining of muscle sections representing increased number of autophagosomes suggested impaired autophagy. Increased apoptosis was demonstrated by elevated caspase-3 activity and increased TUNEL-positive nuclei. X-ray microtomography (uCT) images show radiolucency of distal femurs and proximal tibiae in knock-in mice and uCT morphometrics shows decreased trabecular pattern and increased cortical wall thickness. Bone histology and bone marrow derived macrophage cultures in these mice revealed increased osteoclastogenesis observed by TRAP staining suggestive of Paget bone disease. The VCP(R155H/+) knock-in mice replicate the muscle, bone and brain pathology of inclusion body myopathy, thus representing a useful model for preclinical studies.
Alkane CH Activation by Single‐Site Metal Catalysis. Catalysis by Metal Complexes series, Vol. 38. Edited by Pedro J. Pérez. (2013)

Springer, Heidelberg, 2012. 269 pp., hardcover, € 106.95.—ISBN 978-9048136988
PNA-Dependent Gene Chemistry: Stable Coupling of Peptides and Oligonucleotides to Plasmid DNA (2000)

Two approaches are described for stably conjugating peptides, proteins and oligonucleotides onto plasmid DNA. Both methods use a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamp, which binds irreversibly and specifically to a binding site cloned into the plasmid. The first approach uses a biotin-conjugated PNA clamp that can be used to introduce functional biotin groups onto the plasmid to which streptavidin can bind. Atomic force microscopy images of linearized plasmid show streptavidin localized at the predicted PNA binding site on the DNA strand. Peptides and oligonucleotides containing free thiol groups were conjugated to maleimide streptavidin, and these streptavidin conjugates were bound to the biotin-PNA-labeled plasmid. In this way, peptides and oligonucleotides could be brought into stable association with the plasmid. A second approach used a maleimide-conjugated PNA clamp. Methods are described for conjugating thiolated peptides and oligonucleotides directly to the maleimide-PNA-DNA hybrid. This straightforward technology offers an easy approach to introduce functional groups onto plasmid DNA without disturbing its transcriptional activity.
Missile guidance using dual-mode seeker (2011)

This study developed an analytical method to quantitatively analyze the dual-mode seeker guidance performance. The method derives the seekers' measurement models and implements the Kalman filter. The study takes the RF/IR dual-mode seeker, which is proposed for advanced long/medium range air-to-air missiles, as the example. The two-dimensional guidance loop is used to illustrate the methodology and dimensionless equations are derived for generality. After discussing several missile-target scenarios, the results show that the developed scheme provides sufficiently accurate target information for missile guidance, not only for dual-mode seekers, but also when one of the seekers is jammed. The methodology developed in the study can also be applied to increase the accuracy of target tracking.
Suicide Substrates, Mechanism-Based Enzyme Inactivators: Recent Developments (1984)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Synthesis of Porous Single Crystals of Metal Oxides via a Solid−Liquid Route (2007)

Porous single crystals of Co3O4, NiO, CeO2, and Cr2O3 were produced using mesoporous silicas, SBA-15 and KIT-6, as hard templates and a new convenient approach, the solid−liquid method, was developed. Characterization of the materials was performed mainly by using X-ray powder diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The advantages and disadvantages of this solvent-free method are discussed in comparison with the previously established methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Platinum on Activated Carbon. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Limb Lengthening by Callus Distraction (Callotasis) (1987)

Callotasis is a new technique of limb lengthening involving slow distraction of the callus formed in response to a proximal submetaphyseal corticotomy. Using a dynamic axial fixator with telescoping capabilities, distraction begins after 2 weeks. When the required length is attained, the fixator is held in the rigid mode until radiographic evidence of callus is observed. The locking screw is then released, and dynamic axial loading is instituted to promote corticalization. One hundred bony segments have been lengthened; 50 patients had limb length inequality, and 23 had achondroplasia. The mean lengthening achieved was 22% (maximum, 58%). There were 14 complications (14%).
Optical gain in InGaN∕InGaAlN quantum well structures with zero internal field (2008)

Electronic and optical properties of InGaN∕InAlGaN quantum well with zero internal field were investigated by using the non-Markovian gain model with many-body effects. The In composition x in the well to give zero internal field is shown to increase with the In composition y in the barrier. The InGaN∕AlGaInN system has much larger optical gain than the conventional InGaN∕GaN system because the optical matrix element is largely enhanced due to disappearance of the internal field. The peak gain is shown to decrease with increasing In composition for both systems. The decrease in the optical gain for the InGaN∕AlGaInN system is mainly due to the reduction in quasi-Fermi-level separation while that for the InGaN∕GaN system is due to the reduction in the matrix element.
Mechanistic Examination of Protein Release from Polymer Nanofibers (2009)

Therapeutic proteins have emerged as a significant class of pharmaceutical agents over the past several decades. The potency, rapid elimination, and systemic side effects have prompted the need of spatiotemporally controlled release for proteins maybe more than any other active therapeutic molecules. This work examines the release of two model protein compounds, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and an anti-integrin antibody (AI), from electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber mats. The anti-integrin antibody was chosen as a model of antibody therapy; in particular, anti-integrin antibodies are a promising class of therapeutic molecules for cancer and angiogenic diseases. The release kinetics were studied experimentally and interpreted in the framework of a recently published theory of desorption-limited drug release from nondegrading--or very slowly degrading--fibers. The results are consistent with a protein release mechanism dominated by desorption from the polymer surface, while the polycaprolactone nanofibers are not degrading at an appreciable rate.
GENO-13NETWORK-BASED APPROACH AIDS IN THE DISCOVERY OF CONTEXT-SPECIFIC DRUGGABLE TARGETS FOR TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA (2015)

Systematic discovery of actionable cancer targets could fill an unmet need for improved approaches to manage Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Critical barriers to the discovery of druggable targets in cancer include: 1) heterogeneity of the disease across patients, 2) uncertainty in the implementation of a systematic approach to utilize existing knowledge and data for target discovery, and 3) the lack of a clinically-relevant, rapid and systematic pipeline for empiric testing of hypotheses. We describe a network-based method to stratify GBM clinical samples into molecularly homogeneous subsets based on gene expression, gene copy number, and miRNAs, which we term molecular contexts, or mCs. Within these mCs, a knowledge-based topological analysis of pathway elements was used to uncover discrete mC-specific targets. For initial target discovery and validation experiment, two molecularly orthogonal context mC4 and mC14 were selected. mC4 and mC14 context-specific targets identified by network based topological analysis were further manually curated by querrying a druggable genome database, and final mC4 and mC14 specific target gene lists were produced. Using this target list, a pooled siRNA library for each specific gene target in mC4 and mC14 was prepared. The siRNA screen was carried out using short-term in vitro cultures derived from patient-derived GBM xenografts, which mapped to mC4 (GBM102) and mC14 (GBM59) based on gene expression. Results from siRNA screens demonstrate that siRNA mediated knockdown of 5 genes specifically targets mC14 glioma cells and not mC4 glioma cells. Two of those 5 genes targeting mC14 (APC and HTR1A) were mC14 predicted targets by the network based topological analysis. In summary, our results suggest that context analysis coupled with knowledge-based enrichment and topological analysis identifies specific GBM contexts with distinct druggable targets. Supported by NIH U01 {type:entrez-nucleotide,attrs:{text:CA168397,term_id:35089778,term_text:CA168397}}CA168397.
Two-Point Step Size Gradient Methods (1988)

We derive two-point step sizes for the steepest-descent method by approximating the secant equation. At the cost of storage of an extra iterate and gradient, these algorithms achieve better performance and cheaper computation than the classical steepest-descent method. We indicate a convergence analysis of the method in the two-dimensional quadratic case. The behaviour is highly remarkable and the analysis entirely nonstandard.
Characterization of Fibronectin Attachment by A Human Transitional Cell Carcinoma Line, T24 (1991)

The ability of transitional cell carcinoma cells to adhere to and invade the extracellular matrix is important in invasion and metastasis. The glycoprotein fibronectin is associated with laminin and Type IV collagen in the bladder basement membrane. We characterized the interaction between T-24 cells, a cell line derived from an invasive transitional cell tumor, and fibronectin. The cells use the alpha 5 beta 1 heterodimeric integrin receptor complex to mediate adherence via the classical (RGDS) fibronectin binding site. The importance of the alpha 5 beta 1 receptor to T-24 function is unknown and under investigation.
Production and characterization of amplified tumor-derived cRNA libraries to be used as vaccines against metastatic melanomas (2005)

Our results show that unlimited amounts of cRNA representing tumor's transcriptome could be obtained and that this cRNA was a reliable source of a large variety of tumor antigens.
Protecting browser state from web privacy attacks (2006)

Through a variety of means, including a range of browser cache methods and inspecting the color of a visited hyperlink, client-side browser state can be exploited to track users against their wishes. This tracking is possible because persistent, client-side browser state is not properly partitioned on per-site basis in current browsers. We address this problem by refining the general notion of a "same-origin" policy and implementing two browser extensions that enforce this policy on the browser cache and visited links.We also analyze various degrees of cooperation between sites to track users, and show that even if long-term browser state is properly partitioned, it is still possible for sites to use modern web features to bounce users between sites and invisibly engage in cross-domain tracking of their visitors. Cooperative privacy attacks are an unavoidable consequence of all persistent browser state that affects the behavior of the browser, and disabling or frequently expiring this state is the only way to achieve true privacy against colluding parties.
Characterization of Mesothelin-Specific T Cell Responses in Healthy Individuals (2005)

s: Abstracts for the 20th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer (Primary Authors are Italicized): IMMUNE MONITORING
<title>Developing high-level representations of video clips using VideoTrails</title> (1997)

A high-level representation of a video clip comprising information about its physical and semantic structure is necessary for providing appropriate processing, indexing and retrieval capabilities for video databases. We describe a novel technique which reduces a sequence of MPEG encoded video frames to a trail of points in a low dimensional space. In our earlier work, we presented techniques applicable in 3-D, but in this paper, we describe techniques that can be extended to higher dimensions where improved performance is expected. In the low-dimensional space, we can cluster frames, analyze transitions between clusters and compute properties of the resulting trail. Portions of the trail can be classified as either stationary or transitional, leading to high-level descriptions of the video. Tracking the interaction of clusters over time, we lay the groundwork for the complete analysis and representation of the video's physical and semantic structure.
Potent synergistic effect of sho‐saiko‐to, a herbal medicine, during vaccine therapy in a murine model of hepatitis B virus carrier (1999)

These data confirm the therapeutic role of TJ-9 during HBV infection and inspire optimism of a widespread use of TJ-9 during immune therapies.