gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Community Service: It's Good for the Public, the Profession, Your Firm and You (1995)

In newspapers, on television and radio, in the mail, by telephone, we receive and hear constant pleas for financial assistance, donations, gifts and contributions of time. We hear from schools, hospitals, churches and all kinds of community organizations. Literally thousands of volunteer organizations exist for helping people who are in need. Many institutions gear their requests for financial aid, but behind the scenes it is the volunteered time and energy that are the backbone of successful charitable organizations. The people who give their time and talent steer these various organizations in an efficient manner and at the same time are able to keep the overhead cost of operating these organizations at a minimum. Professional people and their families historically have been on the front lines of volunteerism, helping both financially and through contributions of time. Many physicians, beginning in their early years of training, dedicate a large percentage of their time to treating persons who are unable to afford their services. Architects and engineers dedicate their time to projects in their communities and for their schools and colleges. And lawyers in particular are well known (within the legal and judicial communities) for their donation of time to bar associations, schools, legal aid, and indigent defender programs. Many professionals donate substantial portions of their time to their professions and the teaching institutions in their communities on a pro bono basis. During the past five years alone, the average amount of time given by volunteer workers has more than doubled and now averages a little more than four hours a week by those who do volunteer work. Community Service Committee Changes in tax laws and other economic factors have had an effect on the amount of money schools and charitable organizations have been able to raise through their financial campaigns. During this IADC year, the Association will form a strong Community Service Committee to provide the membership with a network within which they can learn more about and become more involved in community volunteer activities. As the title to this President's Page reflects, community volunteer service creates a win-win situation for all involved. In every community around the world, there are many opportunities for assisting others in need. No matter what the population of a given area, there are youth, elderly, ill, handicapped and dying persons who require financial, emotional and physical support to maintain the bare essentials of life. …
Novel CFTR Chloride Channel Activators Identified by Screening of Combinatorial Libraries Based on Flavone and Benzoquinolizinium Lead Compounds (2001)

The flavonoid genistein and the benzo[c]quinolizinium MPB-07 have been shown to activate the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the protein that is defective in cystic fibrosis. Lead-based combinatorial and parallel synthesis yielded 223 flavonoid, quinolizinium, and related heterocyclic compounds. The compounds were screened for their ability to activate CFTR at 50 microm concentration by measurement of the kinetics of iodide influx in Fisher rat thyroid cells expressing wild-type or G551D CFTR together with the green fluorescent protein-based halide indicator YFP-H148Q. Duplicate screenings revealed that 204 compounds did not significantly affect CFTR function. Compounds of the 7,8-benzoflavone class, which are structurally intermediate between flavones and benzo[c]quinoliziniums, were effective CFTR activators with the most potent being 2-(4-pyridinium)benzo[h]4H-chromen-4-one bisulfate (UCcf-029). Compounds of the novel structural class of fused pyrazolo heterocycles were also strong CFTR activators with the most potent being 3-(3-butynyl)-5-methoxy-1-phenylpyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (UCcf-180). A CFTR inhibitor was also identified. The active compounds did not induce iodide influx in null cells deficient in CFTR. Short-circuit current measurements showed that the CFTR activators identified by screening induced strong anion currents in the transfected cell monolayers grown on porous supports. Compared with genistein, the most active compounds had up to 10 times greater potency in activating wild-type and/or G551D-CFTR. The activators had low cellular toxicity and did not elevate cellular cAMP concentration or inhibit phosphatase activity, suggesting that CFTR activation may involve a direct interaction. These results establish an efficient screening procedure to identify CFTR activators and inhibitors and have identified 7,8-benzoflavones and pyrazolo derivatives as novel classes of CFTR activators.
Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Express Insulin and Key Transcription Factors of the Endocrine Pancreas Developmental Pathway upon Genetic and/or Microenvironmental Manipulation In Vitro (2005)

Multipotential stem cells can be selected from the bone marrow by plastic adhesion, expanded, and cultured. They are able to differentiate not only into multiple cell types, including cartilage, bone, adipose and fibrous tissues, and myelosupportive stroma, but also into mesodermal (endothelium), neuroectodermal, or endodermal (hepatocytes) lineages. Our goal was to characterize the multipotential capacities of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and to evaluate their ability to differentiate into insulin-secreting cells in vitro. hMSCs were obtained from healthy donors, selected by plastic adhesion, and phenotyped by fluorescence-activated cell sorter and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis before and after infection with adenoviruses coding for mouse IPF1, HLXB9, and FOXA2 transcription factors involved early in the endocrine developmental pathway. We found that native hMSCs have a pluripotent phenotype (OCT4 expression and high telomere length) and constitutively express NKX6-1 at a low level but lack all other transcription factors implicated in beta-cell differentiation. In all hMSCs, we detected mRNA of cytokeratin 18 and 19, epithelial markers present in pancreatic ductal cells, whereas proconvertase 1/3 mRNA expression was detected only in some hMSCs. Ectopic expression of IPF1, HLXB9, and FOXA2 with or without islet coculture or islet-conditioned medium results in insulin gene expression. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that in vitro human bone marrow stem cells are able to differentiate into insulin-expressing cells by a mechanism involving several transcription factors of the beta-cell developmental pathway when cultured in an appropriate microenvironment.
High power and high efficiency blue light emitting diode on freestanding semipolar (101¯1¯) bulk GaN substrate (2007)

Blue InGaN∕GaN multiple-quantum-well light emitting diodes with a peak emission wavelength of 444nm were grown on low extended defect density semipolar (101¯1¯) bulk GaN substrates by conventional metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The calculated external quantum efficiency and output power at a drive current of 20mA under pulsed operations (10% duty cycle) were 29% and 16.21mW, respectively. The device exhibited virtually no peak electroluminescence wavelength shift with increasing drive currents, indicating a significant reduction of polarization-related internal electric fields.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes expansion of Isl-1–positive cardiac progenitor cells through regulation of FGF signaling (2007)

The anterior heart field (AHF), which contributes to the outflow tract and right ventricle of the heart, is defined in part by expression of the LIM homeobox transcription factor Isl-1. The importance of Isl-1-positive cells in cardiac development and homeostasis is underscored by the finding that these cells are required for cardiac development and act as cardiac stem/progenitor cells within the postnatal heart. However, the molecular pathways regulating these cells' expansion and differentiation are poorly understood. We show that Isl-1-positive AHF progenitor cells in mice were responsive to Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, and these responsive cells contributed to the outflow tract and right ventricle of the heart. Loss of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in the AHF caused defective outflow tract and right ventricular development with a decrease in Isl-1-positive progenitors and loss of FGF signaling. Conversely, Wnt gain of function in these cells led to expansion of Isl-1-positive progenitors with a concomitant increase in FGF signaling through activation of a specific set of FGF ligands including FGF3, FGF10, FGF16, and FGF20. These data reveal what we believe to be a novel Wnt-FGF signaling axis required for expansion of Isl-1-positive AHF progenitors and suggest future therapies to increase the number and function of these cells for cardiac regeneration.
Changes in the hemagglutinins and neuraminidases of human influenza B viruses isolated in Italy during the 2001–02, 2002–03, and 2003–04 seasons (2004)

Throughout most of the last decade, B/Yamagata/16/88-lineage influenza viruses were predominant among the B isolates circulating worldwide, whereas B/Victoria/2/87-lineage viruses were isolated infrequently and restricted geographically to eastern Asia. During the 2001-02 influenza season, B/Victoria/2/87-lineage viruses re-emerged in North America and Europe and spread worldwide. Virological surveillance in Italy during that season showed wide circulation of influenza B viruses, of which most were antigenically related to the B/Sichuan/379/99 (Yamagata-lineage) vaccine strain, together with a smaller number of B viruses antigenically similar to B/HongKong/330/01, a recent B/Victoria/2/87-lineage antigenic variant. In the subsequent 2002-03 epidemic season, B viruses with a Victoria-lineage hemagglutinin (HA), more closely related to that of B/Shandong/7/97, were isolated exclusively. Similar strains have continued to predominate among the few B viruses isolated in Italy during last season (2003-04), although most influenza B viruses, isolated sporadically elsewhere in Europe, again belong to the Yamagata-lineage. In the present study, phylogenetic analyses of the HA and neuraminidase (NA) genes of representative B strains, isolated throughout Italy during 2001-04, showed that during the first influenza season the NA genes, as well as the HA genes, separated into the two distinct clades, the Yamagata- and Victoria-lineages, and showed no evidence of genetic reassortment. On the contrary, all the B viruses isolated in the 2002-03 and most of those isolated in the 2003-04 epidemic season were "Victoria HA-Yamagata NA" reassortants similar to those isolated in other parts of the world, showing that these reassortants became established in the human population. The frequency of reassortment between HA and NA of distinct lineages and sublineages highlights again the importance of detailed molecular analyses of both surface glycoproteins in understanding the evolution of influenza B viruses.
Endogenous Xylose Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2004)

The baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is generally classified as a non-xylose-utilizing organism. We found that S. cerevisiae can grow on D-xylose when only the endogenous genes GRE3 (YHR104w), coding for a nonspecific aldose reductase, and XYL2 (YLR070c, ScXYL2), coding for a xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), are overexpressed under endogenous promoters. In nontransformed S. cerevisiae strains, XDH activity was significantly higher in the presence of xylose, but xylose reductase (XR) activity was not affected by the choice of carbon source. The expression of SOR1, encoding a sorbitol dehydrogenase, was elevated in the presence of xylose as were the genes encoding transketolase and transaldolase. An S. cerevisiae strain carrying the XR and XDH enzymes from the xylose-utilizing yeast Pichia stipitis grew more quickly and accumulated less xylitol than did the strain overexpressing the endogenous enzymes. Overexpression of the GRE3 and ScXYL2 genes in the S. cerevisiae CEN.PK2 strain resulted in a growth rate of 0.01 g of cell dry mass liter(-1) h(-1) and a xylitol yield of 55% when xylose was the main carbon source.
How reliable are bladder perceptions during cystometry? (2004)

Proprioception of the bladder filling during cystometry is subjective. This data shows that sensations noticed by the patient during filling cystometry may be related to stimuli other than bladder filling.
Generalized use of over‐the‐counter analgesics: Relationship to premenstrual symptoms (1997)

This study tested the hypothesis that use of nonprescription analgesics among women scoring high on premenstrual distress may generalize to time periods beyond the premenstrual phase. Fifty three female undergraduates completed Form C of the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire and described their typical use of analgesics during the “average week.” Results showed that symptoms of premenstrual distress were significantly related to both the frequency of analgesic use and the quantity consumed per occasion. These findings support the generalization hypothesis proposed by Blechman and her colleagues. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Priming and re-drying improve the survival of mature seeds of Digitalis purpurea during storage (2009)

The extent of prior deterioration and the post-priming desiccation environment affect the benefits of priming to the subsequent survival of mature seeds. Rehydration-dehydration treatments may have potential as an adjunct or alternative to the regeneration of seed accessions maintained in gene banks for plant biodiversity conservation or plant breeding.
Nonpeptidal peptidomimetics with .beta.-D-glucose scaffolding. A partial somatostatin agonist bearing a close structural relationship to a potent, selective substance P antagonist (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonpeptidal peptidomimetics with .beta.-D-glucose scaffolding. A partial somatostatin agonist bearing a close structural relationship to a potent, selective substance P antagonistRalph Hirschmann, K. C. Nicolaou, Sherrie Pietranico, Joseph Salvino, Ellen M. Leahy, Paul A. Sprengeler, George Furst, Catherine D. Strader, Amos B. Smith III, and Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 23, 9217–9218Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00049a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00049a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views706Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of a Steroid Cyclic Disulfide Anchor in Constructing Gold Nanoparticle−Oligonucleotide Conjugates (2000)

A new anchoring group is described for binding oligonucleotides to gold surfaces. On the basis of a ketal derived from 4,5-dihydroxy-1, 2 dithiane and epiandrosterone, it is easy to prepare and to link to oligonucleotides. Gold nanoparticle-oligonucleotide conjugates made using this cyclic disulfide linker serve as effective probes for detecting specific oligonucleotide sequences, and they exhibit much greater stability toward dithiothreitol than corresponding conjugates prepared with the conventional mercaptohexyl group or an acyclic disulfide unit. The high stability toward thiol deactivation likely results, in part at least, from anchoring each oligonucleotide to gold through two sulfur atoms.
Synthesis of novel androgen-linked phosphoramide mustard prodrugs and growth-inhibitory activity in human breast cancer cells. (1995)

Two steroid-linked phosphoramide mustard prodrugs, 7a and 7b, synthesized. The androgens testosterone and 19-nortestosterone were linked through the 17beta-position via an acetal bond to aldophosphamide (3). Proton-catalyzed, as well as cytochrome P450-mediated cleavage of the acetal bond resulted in the release of 3 which decays into the ultimate cytotoxic species, phosphoramide mustard. In a competitive cellular binding assay, the new prodrugs displayed approximately 10-12% affinity to androgen binding proteins in breast cancer cells, relative to testosterone (100%). In the sex hormone receptor-negative cell line MDA-MB231, the testosterone conjugate 7a and the 19-nortestosterone conjugate 7b have been found to be as effective as 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (5). Both compounds were more active than 5 in receptor-positive cell lines. No significant differences in response were observed, however, between receptor-negative and receptor-positive cell lines.
Program slicing (1981)

Program slicing is a method used by experienced computer programmers for abstracting from programs. Starting from a subset of a program's behavior, slicing reduces that program to a minimal form which still produces that behavior. The reduced program, called a “slice”, is an independent program guaranteed to faithfully represent the original program within the domain of the specified subset of behavior.Finding a slice is in general unsolvable. A dataflow algorithm is presented for approximating slices when the behavior subset is specified as the values of a set of variables at a statement. Experimental evidence is presented that these slices are used by programmers during debugging. Experience with two automatic slicing tools is summarized. New measures of program complexity are suggested based on the organization of a program's slices.
Identification of Volterra Models of Tube Audio Devices using Multiple-Variance Method (2018)

The multiple-variance method is a cross-correlation method that exploits input signals with different powers for the identification of a nonlinear system by means of the Volterra series. It overcomes the problem of the locality of the solution of traditional nonlinear identification methods, based on mean square error minimization or cross-correlation, that well approximate the system only for inputs that have approximately the same power of the identification signal. The multiple-variance method permits to improve the performance of models of systems that have inputs with high dynamic, like audio amplifiers. This method is used, for the first time, to identify three different tube amplifiers. The method is applied to a novel reduced Volterra model that allows to overcome the problem of the very large number of coefficients required by the Volterra series by choosing only a proper subset of elements from each kernel. Eventually, the multiple-variance methodology is applied to different real audio tube devices demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of system identification and computational complexity.
NMR studies of amyloid .beta.-peptides: proton assignments, secondary structure, and mechanism of an .alpha.-helix .fwdarw. .beta.-sheet conversion for a homologous, 28-residue, N-terminal fragment (1992)

Beta-peptide is a major component of amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease. We report here a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic investigation of a synthetic peptide that is homologous to residues 1-28 of beta-peptide [abbreviated as beta-(1-28)]. The beta-(1-28) peptide produces insoluble beta-pleated sheet structures in vitro, similar to the beta-pleated sheet structures of beta-peptide in amyloid deposits in vivo. For peptide solutions in the millimolar range, in aqueous solution at pH 1-4 the beta-(1-28) peptide adopts a monomeric random coil structure, and at pH 4-7 the peptide rapidly precipitates from solution as an oligomeric beta-sheet structure, analogous to amyloid deposition in vivo. The NMR work shown here demonstrates that the beta-(1-28) peptide can adopt a monomeric alpha-helical conformation in aqueous trifluoroethanol solution at pH 1-4. Assignment of the complete proton NMR spectrum and the determination of the secondary structure were arrived at from interpretation of two-dimensional (2D) NMR data, primarily (1) nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), (2) vicinal coupling constants between the amide (NH) and alpha H protons, and (3) temperature coefficients of the NH chemical shifts. The results show that at pH 1.0 and 10 degrees C the beta-(1-28) peptide adopts an alpha-helical structure that spans the entire primary sequence. With increasing temperature and pH, the alpha-helix unfolds to produce two alpha-helical segments from Ala2 to Asp7 and Tyr10 to Asn27. Further increases in temperature to 35 degrees C cause the Ala2-Asp7 section to become random coil, while the His13-Phe20 section stays alpha-helical. A mechanism involving unfavorable interactions between charged groups and the alpha-helix macrodipole is proposed for the alpha-helix----beta-sheet conversion observed at midrange pH.
Biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease: a novel entity (1998)

We describe a novel, biotin-responsive basal ganglia disease in 10 patients. At onset, it appears as a subacute encephalopathy, with confusion, dysarthria and dysphagia with occasional supranuclear facial nerve palsy or external ophthalmoplegia, and progresses to severe cogwheel rigidity, dystonia and quadriparesis. These symptoms disappear within a few days if biotin (5-10 mg/kg/day) is administered, and there are no neurological sequelae. They reappear within 1 month if biotin is discontinued. Patients diagnosed late, or who have had repeated episodes, suffer from residual symptoms such as paraparesis, mild mental retardation or dystonia. The numerous biochemical studies of intermediary metabolism, like the autoimmune and toxicological studies, enzyme assays including biotinidase, carboxylase and lysosomal activities, and bacterial and viral studies were all normal. The aetiology may be related to a defect in the transporter of biotin across the blood-brain barrier. The only consistent radiological abnormality was central necrosis of the head of the caudate bilaterally and complete, or partial, involvement of the putamen on brain MRI. This was present during the initial acute encephalopathy and remained unchanged during follow-up of 3-10 years. Although its aetiology is unknown, it is important to recognize this disease, since its symptoms may be reversed and the progression of its clinical course prevented simply by providing biotin.
Anatomy of the Supratrochlear Nerve (2012)

Some patients are nonresponders to migraine decompression techniques that address the supraorbital nerve. The supratrochlear nerve may be compressed in these patients. A standard corrugator resection that comes more medially within 1.8 cm of the midline may be beneficial. The morphology of the frontal notch/foramen must be examined and addressed if necessary.