gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and analysis of drive-by-download attacks and malicious JavaScript code (2010)

JavaScript is a browser scripting language that allows developers to create sophisticated client-side interfaces for web applications. However, JavaScript code is also used to carry out attacks against the user's browser and its extensions. These attacks usually result in the download of additional malware that takes complete control of the victim's platform, and are, therefore, called "drive-by downloads." Unfortunately, the dynamic nature of the JavaScript language and its tight integration with the browser make it difficult to detect and block malicious JavaScript code.
Assembly intermediates in polyketide biosynthesis: enantioselective syntheses of β-hydroxycarbonyl compounds (2005)

A versatile approach for the enantioselective synthesis of functionalised beta-hydroxy N-acetylcysteamine thiol esters has been developed which allows the facile incorporation of isotopic labels. It has been shown that a remarkable reversal of selectivity occurs in the titanium mediated aldol reaction of acyloxazolidinone using either (S)- or (R)-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxybutanal. The aldol products are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-6-substituted delta-lactones.
Long-Term Home Self-Treatment with High Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia in Patients with Severe Coronary Artery Disease (1994)

Twenty patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) and refractory unstable angina who had sustained a recent myocardial infarction (n = 7) or who were considered as either inoperable (n = 10) or at severe operative risk (n = 3) were treated with high thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) via a tunneled epidural catheter for long-term self-use at home. They were instructed to use sublingual nitrates as their first treatment for angina and to inject 3-5 mL of bupivacaine (5 mg/mL) into the epidural catheter only for severe episodes. The epidural catheters were maintained for long periods (mean, 6 mo; longest treatment, 3.2 yr). Most patients expressed great satisfaction with the TEA treatment. The epidural bupivacaine injections induced complete pain relief within a short period. There were no severe adverse events induced by the treatment, and only one case of tachyphylaxis was documented. There was a decrease in the frequency of epidural injections with time from an average of 1.86 +/- 0.5 to 0.96 +/- 1.1 injections/d from the first to the last week of treatment (n = 18) (P < 0.001). This decrease was most evident when comparing the last week of TEA treatment in patients having TEA < 1 mo (n = 5) with patients having TEA > 6 mo (n = 5), an average of 2.00 +/- 0.47 vs 0.25 +/- 0.10 injections/d, respectively (P < 0.01). Seven patients had either coronary bypass surgery (n = 6) or spinal cord electrical stimulation (n = 1) after an average of 42 days of successful TEA treatment (range, 14-70 days).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Notch ligand Jagged1 is required for inner ear sensory development (2001)

Within the mammalian inner ear there are six separate sensory regions that subserve the functions of hearing and balance, although how these sensory regions become specified remains unknown. Each sensory region is populated by two cell types, the mechanosensory hair cell and the supporting cell, which are arranged in a mosaic in which each hair cell is surrounded by supporting cells. The proposed mechanism for creating the sensory mosaic is lateral inhibition mediated by the Notch signaling pathway. However, one of the Notch ligands, Jagged1 ( Jag1 ), does not show an expression pattern wholly consistent with a role in lateral inhibition, as it marks the sensory patches from very early in their development—presumably long before cells make their final fate decisions. It has been proposed that Jag1 has a role in specifying sensory versus nonsensory epithelium within the ear [Adam, J., Myat, A., Roux, I. L., Eddison, M., Henrique, D., Ish-Horowicz, D. &amp; Lewis, J. (1998) Development (Cambridge, U.K.) 125, 4645–4654]. Here we provide experimental evidence that Notch signaling may be involved in specifying sensory regions by showing that a dominant mouse mutant headturner ( Htu ) contains a missense mutation in the Jag1 gene and displays missing posterior and sometimes anterior ampullae, structures that house the sensory cristae. Htu /+ mutants also demonstrate a significant reduction in the numbers of outer hair cells in the organ of Corti. Because lateral inhibition mediated by Notch predicts that disruptions in this pathway would lead to an increase in hair cells, we believe these data indicate an earlier role for Notch within the inner ear.
Cloning, sequencing and homologies of the cbh-1 (exoglucanase) gene of Humicola grisea var. thermoidea (1990)

Studies on the enzymes of the cellulase complex of the thermophilic fungus Humicola grisea var. thermoidea are described. A genomic library was constructed in the phage vector EMBL 4, and from this library two clones were isolated using as a probe the cloned cbh-1 (exoglucanase, EC 3.2.1.91) gene of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a cellulolytic basidiomycete fungus. These clones were analysed by restriction mapping and Southern blotting, and one of them (lambda 3) was sub-cloned into the M13 phage vectors mp18 and mp19. The gene sequence was determined by the dideoxy chain-termination method. Sequence comparison with the equivalent genes from P. chrysosporium and Trichoderma reesei was made: in terms of primary sequence there is about 60% homology between the three species. Secondary structure prediction of the H. grisea sequence was also computed.
Oxidations in Organic Chemistry (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidations in Organic ChemistryCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 17, 837APublication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 1 September 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00017a724RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (791 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Accessory cell-derived IL-12 and prostaglandin E2 determine the IFN-γ level of activated human CD4+ T cells (1996)

IL-12 and PGE2 are two immunomodulators produced by accessory cells (AC) in response to various stimuli. IL- 12 enhances IFN-gamma production by activated CD4+ T cells, whereas PGE2 inhibits the secretion of this cytokine. Because these AC-derived factors exert clearly opposite modulatory effects on IFN-gamma production, we examined 1) the net-IFN-gamma production of CD4+ T cells, stimulated in the presence of both IL-12 and PGE2, 2) the susceptibility of activated CD4+ T cells in time by adding these modulators at different timepoints after stimulation, and 3) the relative contributions of AC-derived IL-12 and PGE2 to IFN-gamma levels by stimulating CD4+ T cells in the presence of LPS-activated monocytes and inhibitors of PGE2 or IL-12. Here, we demonstrate that 1) IL-12 and PGE2 do not abrogate the modulatory action of each other and that the net-IFN-gamma production is determined by their concentration ratio, 2) T cells become insensitive to PGE2, whereas susceptibility to IL-12 is retained after activation, and 3) activated monocytes potently modulate IFN-gamma levels of stimulated CD4+ T cells via release of IL-12 and PGE2. The relative contributions of these AC-derived factors shift in time, due to different production kinetics, from a dominant IL-12 effect to a mixed IL-12/PGE2 effect. Because the net IFN-gamma production of CD4+ T cells is largely determined by the ratio of IL-12 and PGE2 at the timepoint of T cell activation, an imbalance in the production of these immunomodulators may, therefore, lead to immunologic dysfunction.
Breast Cancer Treatment (2019)

Breast cancer consists of 3 major tumor subtypes categorized according to estrogen or progesterone receptor expression and ERBB2 gene amplification. The 3 subtypes have distinct risk profiles and treatment strategies. Optimal therapy for each patient depends on tumor subtype, anatomic cancer stage, and patient preferences.
<title>Novel thin film solid-oxide fuel cell for microscale energy conversion</title> (1999)

A novel approach for the fabrication and assembly of a solid oxide fuel cell system is described which enables effective scaling of the fuel delivery, manifold, and fuel cell stack components for applications in miniature and microscale energy conversion. Scaling towards miniaturization is accomplished by utilizing thin film deposition combined with novel micromachining approaches which allow manifold channels and fuel delivery system to be formed within the substrate which the thin film fuel cell stack is fabricated on, thereby circumventing the need for bulky manifold components which are not directly scalable. Results demonstrating the generation of electrical current in the temperature range of 200 - 400 degrees Celsius for a thin film solid oxide fuel cell stack fabricated on a silicon wafer will be presented.
NADPH oxidase of human neutrophils. Subcellular localization and characterization of an arachidonate-activatable superoxide-generating system. (1987)

The superoxide-forming NADPH oxidase of human neutrophils was studied in subcellular fractions of unstimulated cells. Purified neutrophils were disrupted by nitrogen cavitation and separated on Percoll density gradients into four fractions: alpha, azurophil granules; beta, mostly specific granules; gamma, plasma membrane, and cytosol. NADPH-dependent O2-. formation by these fractions was quantitated as the rate of superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c. In the presence of cytosol, NADPH, and either arachidonic acid (optimum 90 microM) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (optimum 160 microM), 70-75% of the oxidase was in the beta fraction and about 25% was in the gamma fraction. A similar distribution was found for cytochrome b559 and FAD, two putative components of the oxidase. The reaction rates observed with arachidonic acid activation were sufficient to account for 25-75% of the O2-. generated by intact neutrophils. The properties of the beta and gamma enzymes were similar and closely resembled those of the oxidase in intact neutrophils or disrupted prestimulated cells. These included resistance to azide and cyanide, a pH optimum of 7.4, and a preference for NADPH (Km approximately 40-45 microM) rather than NADH (Km approximately 2.5 mM) as the electron donor. The combination of beta and gamma fractions displayed additive activity. The activatable oxidase required Mg2+ but not Ca2+. ATP was required for maximum reaction rates. When beta and gamma membranes were preincubated with cytosol and arachidonic acid in the presence of millimolar Mg2+ and then ultracentrifuged membrane-bound O2-. -forming activity was recovered in the pellet and the enzyme required only NADPH (i.e. no cytosol, arachidonic acid, or Mg2+) for expression of activity. These data suggest that cytosol contains a Mg2+-dependent oxidase-activating factor. Molecular sieve chromatography of cytosol indicated a single peak of activity (i.e. ability to activate O2-. generation by beta and/or gamma fraction) eluting with molecules of about 10,000 daltons.
The Contents and Composition of Tetrodotoxin and Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins in Marine Pufferfish <i>Canthigaster rivulata</i> (2016)

The contents and composition of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in skin, muscle, and internal organs of two samples of marine puffer fish Canthigaster rivulata from Wakayama prefecture, Japan, were analyzed. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection (LC-FLD) were used for the analysis of TTX and PSTs, respectively. For both samples, TTX and two analogues of PSTs, saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl STX (dcSTX), were detected at levels over the limit of quantization (LOQ) only in the skin. These toxins in the muscle and internal organs were at trace levels, or not detected (ND). TTX contents were 11,000 and 13,000 ng/g (or 35 and 41 nmol/g), while PSTs contents were 168 and 460 ng/g (or 0.63 and 1.72 nmol/g) in the two skin specimens. The compositions of total toxin content were 98.2 and 96.0 mol% TTX and 1.8 and 4.0 mol% PSTs, respectively. Thus, the main contributor to toxin content in C. rivulata skin was TTX and the levels of PSTs toxicity in C. rivulata were very low. When the PSTs contents were converted into mouse unit score from the LC-FLD results, the resulting values of 1.0 and 2.8 MU/g of PSTs in C. rivulata skin were similar to those in Takifugu poecilonotus and Takifugu vermicularis in Japan, as determined in previous studies.
Nucleotide sequence of the fadA gene. Primary structure of 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme A thiolase from Escherichia coli and the structural organization of the fadAB operon (1991)

The text in lines 6 and 7 should read: "fadA gene, is located 9 nucleotides 3' to the stop codon (TAA) of the fudB gene".The text in lines 17 and 18 should read "composed of 387 residues and has a calculated M , of 40,876.The a-and 0-subunits were separated by gel".Page 10425, Fig. 3: The nucleotide at position 112 is a cytidylate, and the guanine nucleotides a t positions 1111, 1115, and 1125 should be deleted.The protein sequence from residue 368 should read GLATMCIGLG and not GLADGCVSGLG.The DNA sequence of the fadA gene in the GenBank'" EMBL Data Bank with the accession number 505498 was already corrected.
Multimedia watermarking techniques (1999)

Multimedia watermarking technology has evolved very quickly during the last few years. A digital watermark is information that is imperceptibly and robustly embedded in the host data such that it cannot be removed. A watermark typically contains information about the origin, status, or recipient of the host data. In this tutorial paper, the requirements and applications for watermarking are reviewed. Applications include copyright protection, data monitoring, and data tracking. The basic concepts of watermarking systems are outlined and illustrated with proposed watermarking methods for images, video, audio, text documents, and other media. Robustness and security aspects are discussed in detail. Finally, a few remarks are made about the state of the art and possible future developments in watermarking technology.
Bioavailability of VEGF in Tumor-Shed Vesicles Depends on Vesicle Burst Induced by Acidic pH (2006)

Tumor angiogenesis is regulated by a dynamic cross-talk between tumor cells and the host microenvironment. Because membrane vesicles shed by tumor cells are known to mediate several tumor-host interactions, we determined whether vesicles might also stimulate angiogenesis. Vesicles shed by human ovarian carcinoma cell lines CABA I and A2780 stimulated the motility and invasiveness of endothelial cells in vitro. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis revealed relevant amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the two matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, but not fibroblast growth factor-2, contained in shed vesicles. An A2780 cell-derived clone transfected to overexpress VEGF shed the same amount of vesicles as did a control clone, but contained significantly more VEGF within the vesicles. Despite a greater amount of VEGF in vesicles of the overexpressing clone, vesicles of both clones stimulated endothelial cell motility to comparable levels, suggesting that VEGF was stored within the vesicle and was unavailable. Only following vesicle burst induced by acidic pH (a characteristic of the tumor microenvironment) was VEGF released, leading to significantly higher stimulation of cell motility. Thus, tumor-shed membrane vesicles carry VEGF and release it in a bioactive form in conditions typical of the tumor microenvironment.
Activation Domain-Specific and General Transcription Stimulation by Native Histone Acetyltransferase Complexes (1999)

Recent progress in identifying the catalytic subunits of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes has implicated histone acetylation in the regulation of transcription. Here, we have analyzed the function of two native yeast HAT complexes, SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase) and NuA4 (nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4), in activating transcription from preassembled nucleosomal array templates in vitro. Each complex was tested for the ability to enhance transcription driven by GAL4 derivatives containing either acidic, glutamine-rich, or proline-rich activation domains. On nucleosomal array templates, the SAGA complex selectively stimulates transcription driven by the VP16 acidic activation domain in an acetyl coenzyme A-dependent manner. In contrast, the NuA4 complex facilitates transcription mediated by any of the activation domains tested if allowed to preacetylate the nucleosomal template, indicating a general stimulatory effect of histone H4 acetylation. However, when the extent of acetylation by NuA4 is limited, the complex also preferentially stimulates VP16-driven transcription. SAGA and NuA4 interact directly with the VP16 activation domain but not with a glutamine-rich or proline-rich activation domain. These data suggest that recruitment of the SAGA and NuA4 HAT complexes by the VP16 activation domain contributes to HAT-dependent activation. In addition, extensive H4/H2B acetylation by NuA4 leads to a general activation of transcription, which is independent of activator-NuA4 interactions.
Light Fields and Computational Imaging (2006)

A survey of the theory and practice of light field imaging emphasizes the devices researchers in computer graphics and computer vision have built to capture light fields photographically and the techniques they have developed to compute novel images from them
Hypophosphatasia: Enzyme Replacement Therapy Brings New Opportunities and New Challenges (2017)

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is caused by loss-of-function mutation(s) of the gene that encodes the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Autosomal inheritance (dominant or recessive) from among more than 300 predominantly missense defects of TNSALP (ALPL) explains HPP's broad-ranging severity, the greatest of all skeletal diseases. In health, TNSALP is linked to cell surfaces and richly expressed in the skeleton and developing teeth. In HPP,TNSALP substrates accumulate extracellularly, including inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), an inhibitor of mineralization. The PPi excess can cause tooth loss, rickets or osteomalacia, calcific arthropathies, and perhaps muscle weakness. Severely affected infants may seize from insufficient hydrolysis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the major extracellular vitamin B<sub>6</sub> . Now, significant successes are documented for newborns, infants, and children severely affected by HPP given asfotase alfa, a hydroxyapatite-targeted recombinant TNSALP. Since fall 2015, this biologic is approved by regulatory agencies multinationally typically for pediatric-onset HPP. Safe and effective treatment is now possible for this last rickets to have a medical therapy, but a number of challenges involving diagnosis, understanding prognosis, and providing this treatment are reviewed herein. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
STIR, HEAT—BUT NO NEED TO DISSOLVE (2003)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTSTIR, HEAT—BUT NO NEED TO DISSOLVECarbon nanotubes are functionalized in a paste, without the use of solventRON DAGANICite this: Chem. Eng. News 2003, 81, 5, 5Publication Date (Print):February 3, 2003Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 3 February 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v081n005.p005https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n005.p005newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views14Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Anions,Carbon nanotubes,Functionalization Get e-Alerts
High frequency 3D flow imaging of the microcirculation (2003)

High frequency (>30 MHz) ultrasound 3D flow imaging has the potential to be an important tool for non-invasively assessing microvessel morphology. In this paper we describe the development and evaluation of a 3D flow imaging system capable of operating in the 20-100 MHz range. The acquisition system and signal processing have been designed to detect microvessels with flow velocities from below 1 mm/s to -50 mm/s. Flow images can be made for sizable tissue volumes (tens of mm laterally and -5 mm in depth) in sufficient time to permit a range of scientific and clinical applications. The system was evaluated at a center frequency of 50 MHz using two PVDF transducers (aperture diameters 2.5 mm; f-numbers 1.4 and 2.0) with lateral resolutions of 43 /spl mu/ and 65 /spl mu/, respectively. Axial resolutions ranged from 66 /spl mu/ to 72 /spl mu/. In vivo validation experiments using mouse ears demonstrated the ability to follow branching patterns of closely spaced microvessels from 30 /spl mu/ to 100 /spl mu/ in diameter. Experiments conducted on mouse tumors successfully imaged microvessel morphology in the tumor microcirculation.