gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced crystallinity of silicon films deposited by CVD on liquid layers (CVDOLL process): Silicon on tin layers in the presence of hydrogen chloride (1977)

Chemical vapor deposition of silicon on a graphite substrate coated with a 5-μm-thick fluid tin layer provides a possibility for the production of large grained polycrystalline silicon layers. Using silane as a source material, crystallites can be produced with a mean grain size of about 20 μm, compared with 5 μm on a substrate without fluid layer. The grain size can be further enhanced by adding HCl as an etching agent to the gas phase. Mean crystallite sizes of 100 μm and larger can be obtained by the use of a fluid layer and a proper combination of SiH4 and HCl.
Targeting the protein prenyltransferases efficiently reduces tumor development in mice with K-RAS-induced lung cancer (2010)

RAS and RHO proteins, which contribute to tumorigenesis and metastasis, undergo posttranslational modification with an isoprenyl lipid by protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) or protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I (GGTase-I). Inhibitors of FTase and GGTase-I were developed to block RAS-induced malignancies, but their utility has been difficult to evaluate because of off-target effects, drug resistance, and toxicity. Moreover, the impact of FTase deficiency and combined FTase/GGTase-I deficiency has not been evaluated with genetic approaches. We found that inactivation of FTase eliminated farnesylation of HDJ2 and H-RAS, prevented H-RAS targeting to the plasma membrane, and blocked proliferation of primary and K-RAS(G12D)-expressing fibroblasts. FTase inactivation in mice with K-RAS-induced lung cancer reduced tumor growth and improved survival, similar to results obtained previously with inactivation of GGTase-I. Simultaneous inactivation of FTase and GGTase-I markedly reduced lung tumors and improved survival without apparent pulmonary toxicity. These data shed light on the biochemical and therapeutic importance of FTase and suggest that simultaneous inhibition of FTase and GGTase-I could be useful in cancer therapeutics.
Steric steering with supported palladium catalysts (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteric steering with supported palladium catalystsBarry M. Trost and Ehud KeinanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 24, 7779–7781Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00492a084https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00492a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the Stability of Temporal Data Reference Profiles (2001)

Abstract: Growing computer system complexity has made program optimization based solely on static analyses increasingly difficult. Consequently, many code optimizations incorporate information from program execution profiles. Most memory system optimizations go further and rely primarily on profiles. This reliance on profiles makes off-line optimization effectiveness dependent on profile stability across multiple program runs. While code profiles such as basic block, edge, and branch profiles, have been shown to satisfy this requirement, the stability of data reference profiles, especially temporal data reference profiles that are necessary for cache-level optimizations, has neither been studied nor established. This paper shows that temporal data reference profiles expressed in terms of hot data streams, which are data reference sequences that frequently repeat, are quite stable; an encouraging result for memory optimization research. Most hot data streams belong to one of two categories-those that appear in multiple runs with their data elements referenced in the same order, and those with the same set of elements referenced in a different order-and this category membership is extremely stable. In addition, the fraction of hot data streams that belong to the first category is quite large.
Mutant studies of yeast phosphofructokinase (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMutant studies of yeast phosphofructokinaseDrago Clifton and Dan G. FraenkelCite this: Biochemistry 1982, 21, 8, 1935–1942Publication Date (Print):April 13, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00537a037https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00537a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Density Assessment of the Ihs Classification Criteria for Migraine Without Aura: A Prospective Study (1999)

Fifty-six adult female patients with the clinical diagnosis of MwoA kept a diary 6 times per day for 10 consecutive weeks to record the occurrence, pain characteristics, and accompanying symptoms of headache. In order to avoid bias due to retrospection or expectancy the diary was programmed into palmtop computers which signaled the patients with a beep to enter the diary with a random-fixed time schedule: two signals occurred in, respectively, the morning, the afternoon, and the evening, but at different times for each day. The palmtop computers also warranted flawless data storage and automatic computations of response delay and missing values. Of the 339 attacks, 75% had a duration of 4-72 h and 94% confirmed the International Headache Society classification criteria for MwoA concerning pain characteristics and accompanying symptoms. Our results obtained for attacks in treated patients are highly comparable with the results of Rasmussen, Jensen, and Olesen (1991) obtained in the general population with unknown treatment of headache. Together, both studies support the IHS classification criteria for MwoA. The electronic Experience Sampling Method also allowed for an unbiased description of the course of treated MwoA attacks: 67% subsided in the first day. In the 16 attacks the characteristics and accompanying symptoms were present in 60-80% of the attacks at the first assessment (9.30 a.m.) with the exception of moderate to severe pain intensity (37%) and nausea or vomiting (31%). A waxing and waning of characteristics and symptoms over the day remained in about 30-40% of the attacks with a tendency towards increases in the evening (7.30 p.m. and 10 p.m.). The method is there for a replication of this study in untreated MwoA patients.
Regulation of Bone Formation and Vision byLRP5 (2002)

Osteoporosis affects several million people and is associated with medical costs of up to $15 billion per year in the United States alone.1,2 Thus, identifying the molecular mechanisms that control bone mass is a task of the utmost importance. The recent identification of the role of the low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 5 (LRP5) gene in the regulation of bone mass is a landmark discovery.36 We examine the lock-and-key mechanism involving LRP5 that regulates two different functions: bone formation and vision.The LockThe low-density lipoprotein receptor–related proteins are a family of cell-surface receptors involved in diverse biologic processes, . . .
A Review of Depsipeptide and Other Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Clinical Trials (2004)

The histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) are a new class of antineoplastic agents currently being evaluated in clinical trials. While these agents have been studied extensively in the laboratory, only recently has their mechanism of action begun to be elucidated. Several structural classes of compounds have been shown to exert histone deacetylase inhibition, including sodium n-butyrate, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, LAQ824, CI-994, MS-275, and depsipeptide. The HDIs have been shown to induce differentiation, to decrease cell proliferation, and to induce cell death. HDIs are thought to exert their anti-neoplastic effects by altering the expression of genes that play a role in the control of cell growth, and transformation. The HDIs have specific and well-defined effects on cancer cells. Preliminary results from clinical trials suggest that these agents are very promising. While there were sporadic case reports of activity using the early generation HDIs, dramatic responses have recently been observed in patients with T-cell lymphomas treated with depsipeptide, one of the newer agents. With the well-defined molecular effects on cancer cells, surrogate markers can be analyzed for evidence of activity and efficacy using either tumor samples or normal tissue. Presented in this review are details from clinical trials with both earlier and newer generations of HDIs. Toxicities specific to this class of agents are outlined and possibilities for rational combination therapies are discussed.
Time-resolved measurements of vibrational relaxation of molecules on surfaces: Hydroxyl groups on silica surfaces (1985)

The vibrational population relaxation rate of the O–H stretching fundamental of hydroxyl groups on SiO2 surfaces was measured directly using picosecond infrared pulses. The vibrational lifetime determined for hydroxyls at the silica–vacuum interface is 204±20 ps. For silica-bound hydroxyls in a saturated atmosphere of CCl4, the lifetime decreases to 159±16 ps. Both lifetimes are many times longer than would be inferred from infrared absorption linewidths.
Milbemycins,a new family of macrolide antibiotics: Producing organism and its mutants. (1983)

Morphological Characteristics: The morpholo. gical characteristics of the spore chains and hyphae of strain B-41-146 grown on various agar media at 28C for 7 to 21 days were studied under a light microscope. The spores prepared with a critical point dryer (HCP-1, Hitachi Co.. Ltd.) were observed under a MSM-6 scanning electron microscope (Akashi Seisakusho Co.. Ltd.). Vegetative hyphae of the strain fully develop with branching. They do not fragment into coccoid or bacillary elements. Sporophores arrange singly, in pairs, or occasionally in tufts along straight or flexous main aerial hyphae, terminating in coil (Spirals) of two or more volution (Plate 1), but with no evidence of true verticillate branching. Spores are covered with a capsule like membrane with a fairly irregular or rugose, possibly warty surface (Plate 2). Special organs, such as sporangia, zoo-
Small Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+Channels Modulate Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Encoding (2002)

Activity-dependent changes in neuronal excitability and synaptic strength are thought to underlie memory encoding. In hippocampal CA1 neurons, small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels contribute to the afterhyperpolarization, affecting neuronal excitability. In the present study, we examined the effect of apamin-sensitive SK channels on the induction of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in response to a range of stimulation frequencies. In addition, the role of apamin-sensitive SK channels on hippocampal-dependent memory encoding and retention was also tested. The results show that blocking SK channels with apamin increased the excitability of hippocampal neurons and facilitated the induction of synaptic plasticity by shifting the modification threshold to lower frequencies. This facilitation was NMDA receptor (NMDAR) dependent and appeared to be postsynaptic. Mice treated with apamin demonstrated accelerated hippocampal-dependent spatial and nonspatial memory encoding. They required fewer trials to learn the location of a hidden platform in the Morris water maze and less time to encode object memory in an object-recognition task compared with saline-treated mice. Apamin did not influence long-term retention of spatial or nonspatial memory. These data support a role for SK channels in the modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memory encoding.
Assessment of the Risk of the Respiratory-Distress Syndrome by a Rapid Test for Surfactant in Amniotic Fluid (1972)

A rapid, simple inexpensive test has been devised to determine whether pulmonary surface-active material (surfactant) is present in amniotic fluid. The test depends on the ability of the pulmonary surfactant to generate stable foam in the presence of ethanol. Analysis of 138 samples of amniotic fluid showed that an appreciable titer of the surfactant appears on the average at 33 weeks' estimated gestation but that the time of appearance is variable from 25 weeks to term. When test results were sorted into three zones (clearly negative, intermediate, and clearly positive) infants of 12 of 12 patients with clearly negative tests had severe respiratory-distress syndrome or transitional respiratory distress, whereas those of 68 of 68 patients with clearly positive tests were free of respiratory distress. In 13 cases with intermediate tests eight of the infants showed mild to severe respiratory difficulty. The test has high predictive value for respiratory-distress syndrome when applied to uncontaminated amniotic fluid.
Synthetic Surfaces with Robust and Tunable Underwater Superoleophobicity (2015)

Surfaces with extreme wetting properties are useful for the collection, manipulation, transport, and avoidance of aqueous and organic fluids of commercial and strategic importance. Two major obstacles to the deployment of synthetic non‐wetting materials in practical scenarios are their lack of mechanical durability and their susceptibility to fouling in contaminated or chemically complex media. Here, crosslinked and nanoporous polymer multilayers are reported that overcome these limitations and exhibit robust and tunable “underwater superoleophobicity”, or the ability to almost completely prevent contact with oils and other organic fluids when submerged in water. These entirely organic coatings mimic key chemical and structural features found on the scales of fish and other natural anti‐oil‐fouling surfaces, and are remarkably tolerant to physical, chemical, and environmental insults commonly encountered in natural and synthetic aqueous environments. This approach also permits facile manipulation and patterning of surface chemistry and, thus, tunable spatial control over other important aspects of interfacial behavior, such as underwater oil adhesiveness, that extend and expand the potential utility of synthetic anti‐oil‐fouling surfaces in aqueous, aquatic, and marine environments.
A robust error concealment technique using data hiding for image and video transmission over lossy channels (2005)

A robust error concealment scheme using data hiding which aims at achieving high perceptual quality of images and video at the end-user despite channel losses is proposed. The scheme involves embedding a low-resolution version of each image or video frame into itself using spread-spectrum watermarking, extracting the embedded watermark from the received video frame, and using it as a reference for reconstruction of the parent image or frame, thus detecting and concealing the transmission errors. Dithering techniques have been used to obtain a binary watermark from the low-resolution version of the image/video frame. Multiple copies of the dithered watermark are embedded in frequencies in a specific range to make it more robust to channel errors. It is shown experimentally that, based on the frequency selection and scaling factor variation, a high-quality watermark can be extracted from a low-quality lossy received image/video frame. Furthermore, the proposed technique is compared to its two-part variant where the low-resolution version is encoded and transmitted as side information instead of embedding it. Simulation results show that the proposed concealment technique using data hiding outperforms existing approaches in improving the perceptual quality, especially in the case of higher loss probabilities.
Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose Compared With Oral Iron in the Treatment of Postpartum Anemia (2007)

I.
Down-regulation of gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor expression in esophageal cancer (2002)

The findings of this study demonstrate the down-regulation of GKLF in esophageal squamous cancer, and suggest that deregulation of GKLF may play a role in initiation and/or progression as well as the metastasis of esophageal squamous cancer.
Polylysine produced by Streptomyces. (1977)

(1977). Polylysine Produced by Streptomyces. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 41, No. 9, pp. 1807-1809.
The model law (2005)

Within the next 8 months a new regulatory regime, known as the National Practice Project Model Law, is likely to be adopted in the ACT. This legislation will regulate the operation of our legal profession.
Epiregulin is a potent vascular smooth muscle cell-derived mitogen induced by angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and thrombin (1999)

Vasoactive GTP-binding protein-coupled receptor agonists such as angiotensin II (AII), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and alpha-thrombin (alpha-Thr) have been reported to indirectly stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by regulating the expression of one or more autocrine growth factors. Using ion-exchange, gel-filtration, and reverse-phase chromatographic purification methods, we isolated a major mitogenic protein present in AII-stimulated rat aortic smooth muscle (RASM) cell conditioned medium. Twenty N-terminal amino acids of the purified peptide were identified, and they had 75% amino acid sequence identity with mouse epiregulin, an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related growth factor. We cloned the cDNA for rat epiregulin to determine its pattern of expression in G-protein-coupled receptor agonist-stimulated cells and confirm its activity as a mitogen. After treatment of RASM cells with AII, ET-1, or alpha-Thr for 1 h, induction of two epiregulin transcripts was observed, including a 4.8-kb transcript and a novel transcript of approximately 1.2 kb. Recombinant rat epiregulin was strongly mitogenic for RASM cells, stimulating DNA synthesis to levels similar to those induced by serum or platelet-derived growth factor and approximately 3-fold above that observed with saturating concentrations of EGF. In addition, epiregulin caused rapid EGF receptor activation in RASM cells. However, relative levels of EGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation stimulated by epiregulin were less than those induced by EGF or betacellulin. Taken together, these results indicate that epiregulin is a potent VSMC-secreted mitogen, induced in common by AII, ET-1, and alpha-Thr, that may contribute to VSMC proliferation and vascular remodeling stimulated by vasoactive agonists.
Single Cell Technologies: Beyond Microfluidics (2021)

Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been widely adopted in recent years due to standardized protocols and automation, reliability, and standardized bioinformatic pipelines. The most widely adopted platform is the 10× Genomics solution. Although powerful, this system is limited by its high cost, moderate throughput, and the inability to customize due to fixed kit components. This study will cover new approaches that do not rely on microfluidics and thus have low entry costs, are highly customizable, and are within the reach of any laboratory possessing molecular biology expertise.
Evaluation of a vitamin-cloaking strategy for oligopeptide therapeutics: biotinylated HIV-1 protease inhibitors (1994)

The outstanding limitations to the oligopeptide as a therapeutic agent are poor oral availability and rapid biliary clearance. To address these concerns a series of eight peptidic HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing the structural segment of the vitamin biotin have been prepared. These have been evaluated with regard to the hypothesis that this vitamin would cloak the peptidic character of these oligopeptides, and thus impart to these inhibitors the potential for absorption and distribution via biotin transporters and receptors. By iterative optimization about a -Cha psi[CH-(OH)CH(OH)]Val- core inhibitory insert, three particularly potent inhibitors (K(i) < or = 10 nM) of the HIV-1 protease were obtained. Although excellent cell culture antiviral activity is observed for other peptidic protease inhibitors of comparable affinity, none in this series exhibited satisfactory antiviral activity. This failure is attributed to the incompatibility of the hydrophilic and hydrogen-bonding biotin segment, with the facile membrane permeability and intracellular access presumably required for antiviral activity. The ability of the biotin to cloak the peptide, and thus render the overall appearance of the conjugate as that of a vitamin, was evaluated. Four of this series were evaluated for recognition by the Caco-2 cell intestinal biotin transporter. None inhibited competitively biotin uptake, indicating a lack of recognition. A vitamin may bind to a specific protein carrier, and thus attain an improved serum profile (by resistance to biliary clearance) and advantageous delivery to cells. Therefore, the serum concentrations of three were evaluated following an iv bolus in a rat model for serum clearance. One of the three protease inhibitors (L-idonamide, 6-cyclohexyl-2,5,6-trideoxy-2-(1-methylethyl)-5-[[3-methyl-1-oxo-2-[[5- (hexahydro-2-oxo-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)-1- oxopentyl]amino]butyl]amino]-N-[2-methyl-1-[[(2- pyridinylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]butyl]-, [3aS-[3a alpha, 4 beta (1R*,2R*,3R*),6 alpha]]-) sustained a more than 5-fold increase in serum concentration at all time points relative to the benchmark structure. The remaining two had serum concentrations at least equal to the benchmark, suggestive of improved resistance to clearance. One (L-idonamide,6-cyclohexyl-2,5,6-trideoxy-5-[[2-[[5-(hexahydro-2-ox o-1H- thieno-[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentyl]thio]benzoyl]amino]-2-(1- methylethyl)-N-[2-methyl-1-[[(2-pyridinyl- methyl)amino]carbonyl]butyl]-, [3aS-[3a alpha, 4 beta(1R*,2R*),6a alpha]]-) was prepared as a complex with the biotin-binding protein avidin. Avidin may resemble an endogenous serum biotin carrier protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)