gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyethylene‐poly(L‐lactide) diblock copolymers: Synthesis and compatibilization of poly(L‐lactide)/polyethylene blends (2001)

Abstract A model polyethylene‐poly( L ‐lactide) diblock copolymer (PE‐ b ‐PLLA) was synthesized using hydroxyl‐terminated PE (PE‐OH) as a macroinitiator for the ring‐opening polymerization of L ‐lactide. Binary blends, which contained poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) and very low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), and ternary blends, which contained PLLA, LDPE, and PE‐ b ‐PLLA, were prepared by solution blending followed by precipitation and compression molding. Particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy results showed that the particle size and distribution of the LDPE dispersed in the PLLA matrix was sharply decreased upon the addition of PE‐ b ‐PLLA. The tensile and Izod impact testing results on the ternary blends showed significantly improved toughness as compared to the PLLA homopolymer or the corresponding PLLA/LDPE binary blends. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2755–2766, 2001
Oncogene addiction: setting the stage for molecularly targeted cancer therapy (2007)

In pugilistic parlance, the one-two punch is a devastating combination of blows, with the first punch setting the stage and the second delivering the knock-out. This analogy can be extended to molecularly targeted cancer therapies, with oncogene addiction serving to set the stage for tumor cell killing by a targeted therapeutic agent. While in vitro and in vivo examples abound documenting the existence of this phenomenon, the mechanistic underpinnings that govern oncogene addiction are just beginning to emerge. Our current inability to fully exploit this weakness of cancer cells stems from an incomplete understanding of oncogene addiction, which nonetheless represents one of the rare chinks in the formidable armor of cancer cells.
Pericardial Flap-Plasty for Protection of the Tracheal Anastomosis in Heart-Lung Transplantation (1989)

Infection or dehiscence of the tracheal anastomosis remains a dreaded and almost always fatal complication following heart-lung transplantation (HLTX). A technique of pericardial flap-plasty combined with application of fibrin sealant and topical antibiotics was developed and applied in three patients undergoing HLTX. The method allows for safe protection of the anastomosis even in the presence of severe ischemia and partial necrosis of the donor trachea at the same time avoiding laparotomy for mobilization of the omentum.
Raf1 interaction with Cdc25 phosphatase ties mitogenic signal transduction to cell cycle activation. (1995)

The Ras and Raf1 proto-oncogenes transduce extracellular signals that promote cell growth. Cdc25 phosphatases activate the cell division cycle by dephosphorylation of critical threonine and tyrosine residues within the cyclin-dependent kinases. We show here that Cdc25 phosphatase associates with raf1 in somatic mammalian cells and in meiotic frog oocytes. Furthermore, Cdc25 phosphatase can be activated in vitro in a Raf1-dependent manner. We suggest that activation of the cell cycle by the Ras/Raf1 pathways might be mediated in part by Cdc25.
Rapid Aggressive Soft-Tissue Necrosis after Beetle Bite Can Be Treated by Radical Necrectomy and Vacuum Suction-Assisted Closure (2000)

Comparing literature data with the course of this combined treatment, we strongly suggest an early aggressive management with complete radical excision of necrotic tissue, conditioning of the wound bed by temporary suction-assisted vacuum closure and subsequent skin grafting with continued vacuum application. This treatment leads to immediate relief of pain and enhanced healing of this lesion even in the condition of immunosuppression in the elderly.
Evaluating the Performance of Micro-Encapsulated CO2 Sorbents during CO2 Absorption and Regeneration Cycling (2019)

We encapsulated six solvents with novel physical and chemical properties for CO<sub>2</sub> sorption within gas-permeable polymer shells, creating Micro-Encapsulated CO<sub>2</sub> Sorbents (MECS), to improve the CO<sub>2</sub> absorption kinetics and handling of the solvents for postcombustion CO<sub>2</sub> capture from flue gas. The solvents were sodium carbonate (Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>) solution, uncatalyzed and with two different promoters, two ionic liquid (IL) solvents, and one CO<sub>2</sub>-binding organic liquid (CO<sub>2</sub>BOL). We subjected each of the six MECS to multiple CO<sub>2</sub> absorption and regeneration cycles and measured the working CO<sub>2</sub> absorption capacity as a function of time to identify promising candidate MECS for large-scale carbon capture. We discovered that the uncatalyzed Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>-sarcosine MECS had lower CO<sub>2</sub> absorption rates relative to Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>-cyclen MECS over 30 min of absorption, while the CO<sub>2</sub>BOL Koechanol appeared to permeate through the capsule shell and is thus unsuitable. We rigorously tested the most promising three MECS (Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>-cyclen, IL NDIL0309, and IL NDIL0230) by subjecting each of them to a series of 10 absorption/stripping cycles. The CO<sub>2</sub> absorption curves were highly reproducible for these three MECS across 10 cycles, demonstrating successful absorption/regeneration without degradation. As the CO<sub>2</sub> absorption rate is dynamic in time and the CO<sub>2</sub> loading per mass varies among the three most promising MECS, the process design parameters will ultimately dictate the selection of MECS solvent.
Using positive tainting and syntax-aware evaluation to counter SQL injection attacks (2006)

SQL injection attacks pose a serious threat to the security of Web applications because they can give attackers unrestricted access to databases that contain sensitive information. In this paper, we propose a new, highly automated approach for protecting existing Web applications against SQL injection. Our approach has both conceptual and practical advantages over most existing techniques. From the conceptual standpoint, the approach is based on the novel idea of positive tainting and the concept of syntax-aware evaluation. From the practical standpoint, our technique is at the same time precise and efficient and has minimal deployment requirements. The paper also describes wasp, a tool that implements our technique, and a set of studies performed to evaluate our approach. In the studies, we used our tool to protect several Web applications and then subjected them to a large and varied set of attacks and legitimate accesses. The evaluation was a complete success: wasp successfully and efficiently stopped all of the attacks without generating any false positives.
Trends in Cancer Immunotherapy (2010)

Modulation of the immune system for therapeutic ends has a long history, stretching back to Edward Jenner's use of cowpox to induce immunity to smallpox in 1796. Since then, immunotherapy, in the form of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, has enabled doctors to treat and prevent a variety of infectious diseases, including cholera, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, measles and mumps. Immunotherapy is now increasingly being applied to oncology. Cancer immunotherapy attempts to harness the power and specificity of the immune system for the treatment of malignancy. Although cancer cells are less immunogenic than pathogens, the immune system is capable of recognizing and eliminating tumor cells. However, tumors frequently interfere with the development and function of immune responses. Thus, the challenge for cancer immunotherapy is to apply advances in cellular and molecular immunology and develop strategies that effectively and safely augment antitumor responses.
The Logic of Chemical Synthesis J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 714 (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTThe Logic of Chemical Synthesis J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 714E. J. Corey and Xue-Min ChengCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 43, 10678Publication Date (Web):October 30, 1996Publication History Published online30 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9654443https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9654443correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1184Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (20 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Placental Vasculature in Health and Disease (2010)

Both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis occur during normal placental development. Additionally, the placenta undergoes a process of vascular mimicry (also referred to as pseudo-vasculogenesis) where the placental cytotrophoblasts that invade the spiral arteries convert from an epithelial to an endothelial phenotype during normal pregnancy. Failure of placental angiogenesis and pseudo-vasculogenesis during placental development has been linked to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and related disorders such as intrauterine growth restriction. This review discusses placental vascular development during health and in disease with a focus on accumulating recent evidence that the maternal clinical syndrome of preeclampsia may be due to the result of excess antiangiogenic factors liberated by the diseased placenta.
Oleanderol, a New Pentacyclic Triterpene from the Leaves of Nerium oleander (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOleanderol, a New Pentacyclic Triterpene from the Leaves of Nerium oleanderSalimuzzaman Siddiqui, Farrukh Hafeez, Sabira Begum, and Bina S. SiddiquiCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1988, 51, 2, 229–233Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50056a006https://doi.org/10.1021/np50056a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1184Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lewis Y Antigen as Detected by the Monoclonal Antibody BR96 is Expressed Strongly in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma (1995)

We used the monoclonal antibody BR96 to determine the expression of the Lewis Y antigen in benign and malignant prostatic tissues. Strong immuno-staining was detected within the basal cells of benign glands in 29 of 30 specimens examined. In contrast, weak immuno-staining of the secretory (luminal) epithelium was detected in only 10 of these same 30 specimens. Moderate to strong immuno-staining of luminal cells, however, was observed in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in 15 of 17 specimens. Immuno-staining was detected within the malignant cells in all 49 specimens of primary prostatic adenocarcinoma examined. We used a semiquantitative technique to compare the extent of immuno-staining among well (combined Gleason score less than 6), moderately (combined Gleason score 6 to 7) and poorly (combined Gleason score more than 7) differentiated tumors as well as metastatic lesions. Poorly differentiated tumors demonstrated the greatest extent of immuno-staining compared to moderately and well differentiated adenocarcinoma. Strong immuno-staining was also detected within the malignant cells in 7 metastatic (5 nodal lesions and 2 bone marrow biopsies) tumors. The extent of immuno-staining in the metastatic lesions was similar to that observed in the poorly differentiated primary tumors. In summary, the Lewis Y antigen, as detected by BR96, is widely expressed within prostatic adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, the poorly differentiated as well as metastatic lesions frequently demonstrated the highest expression of the Lewis Y antigen.
IMGT/V-QUEST: the highly customized and integrated system for IG and TR standardized V-J and V-D-J sequence analysis (2008)

IMGT/V-QUEST is the highly customized and integrated system for the standardized analysis of the immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) rearranged nucleotide sequences. IMGT/V-QUEST identifies the variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) genes and alleles by alignment with the germline IG and TR gene and allele sequences of the IMGT reference directory. New functionalities were added through a complete rewrite in Java. IMGT/V-QUEST analyses batches of sequences (up to 50) in a single run. IMGT/V-QUEST describes the V-REGION mutations and identifies the hot spot positions in the closest germline V gene. IMGT/V-QUEST can detect insertions and deletions in the submitted sequences by reference to the IMGT unique numbering. IMGT/V-QUEST integrates IMGT/JunctionAnalysis for a detailed analysis of the V-J and V-D-J junctions, and IMGT/Automat for a full V-J- and V-D-J-REGION annotation. IMGT/V-QUEST displays, in 'Detailed view', the results and alignments for each submitted sequence individually and, in 'Synthesis view', the alignments of the sequences that, in a given run, express the same V gene and allele. The 'Advanced parameters' allow to modify default parameters used by IMGT/V-QUEST and IMGT/JunctionAnalysis according to the users' interest. IMGT/V-QUEST is freely available for academic research at http://imgt.cines.fr.
Detection and classification of edges in color images (2005)

Up to now, most of the color edge detection methods are monochromatic-based techniques, which produce, in general, better than when traditional gray-value techniques are applied. In this overview, we focus mainly on vector-valued techniques because it is easy to understand how to apply common edge detection schemes to every color component. Opposed to this, vector-valued techniques are new and different. The second part of the article addresses the topic of edge classification. While edges are often classified into step edges and ramp edges, we address the topic of physical edge classification based on their origin into shadow edges, reflectance edges, orientation edges, occlusion edges, and specular edges. In the rest of this article we discuss various vector-valued techniques for detecting discontinuities in color images. Then operators are presented based on vector order statistics, followed by presentation by examples of a couple of results of color edge detection. We then discuss different approaches to a physical classification of edges by their origin.
Characterisation of a sphingosine 1‐phosphate‐activated Ca2+ signalling pathway in human neuroblastoma cells (2003)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has assumed great importance within neuroscience research because of putative links between S1P-sensitive Edg receptors and neuroregeneration, cell survival, and alterations in neurite outgrowth. In the present study, we examined the mechanisms by which the endogenous complement of S1P-sensitive human Edg receptors can elevate Ca(2+) in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. Reverse transcriptase-polymersase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed the expression of mRNA for Edg 3, 5, and 8 subtypes of S1P-responsive Edg receptors in SH-SY5Y cells. Neither S1P nor the muscarinic agonist methacholine were able to cause a change in SH-SY5Y cell morphology, whereas retinoic acid caused a range of changes, including an increase in neurite outgrowth, under similar test conditions. Stimulation with S1P resulted in a slowly rising increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) levels. These responses were dependent upon inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, thapsigargin-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum, and also intact functional mitochondria. S1P-evoked Ca(2+) responses were similar in mechanism to those of methacholine, which activated a much faster responding, larger amplitude Ca(2+) response. These studies indicate that in an endogenous human expression system, S1P appears to be an efficacious agonist of Edg receptors. Despite its slow time course of response, S1P appears to activate the same single Ca(2+) store in SH-SY5Y cells as is activated by methacholine and other G protein coupled receptors.
원저 : Micro - Elisa 검사와 뇌전산화단층촬영으로 진단한 뇌실질 스파르가늠증 1 예 (1989)

We report a case of intracerebral sparganosis diagnosed by micro-ELISA test and brain C-T scan. This 45-year-old male who had a history of having eaten frogs frequently, had suffered from uncontrolled headache with medication far about 1 year. Brain CT scan revealed a migrated low density lesion from Rt. temporo-parietal to Rt, frontal lobe. In cerebrospinal fluid, micro-ELISA test to sparganum was positive. Right frontal osteoplastic craniotomy was performed and a live sparganum mansoni was successfully removed from intracerebral region.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Depsipeptide Activates Silenced Genes through Decreasing both CpG and H3K9 Methylation on the Promoter (2008)

Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) has been shown to demethylate the mammalian genome, which further strengthens the concept that DNA methylation and histone modifications interact in regulation of gene expression. Here, we report that an HDAC inhibitor, depsipeptide, exhibited significant demethylating activity on the promoters of several genes, including p16, SALL3, and GATA4 in human lung cancer cell lines H719 and H23, colon cancer cell line HT-29, and pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1. Although expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was not affected by depsipeptide, a decrease in binding of DNMT1 to the promoter of these genes played a dominant role in depsipeptide-induced demethylation and reactivation. Depsipeptide also suppressed expression of histone methyltransferases G9A and SUV39H1, which in turn resulted in a decrease of di- and trimethylated H3K9 around these genes' promoter. Furthermore, both loading of heterochromatin-associated protein 1 (HP1alpha and HP1beta) to methylated H3K9 and binding of DNMT1 to these genes' promoter were significantly reduced in depsipeptide-treated cells. Similar DNA demethylation was induced by another HDAC inhibitor, apicidin, but not by trichostatin A. Our data describe a novel mechanism of HDACi-mediated DNA demethylation via suppression of histone methyltransferases and reduced recruitment of HP1 and DNMT1 to the genes' promoter.
Short-Read Sequencing Technologies for Transcriptional Analyses (2009)

The technological advances in DNA sequencing over the past five years have changed our approaches to gene expression analysis, fundamentally altering the basic methods used and in most cases driving a shift from hybridization-based approaches to sequencing-based approaches. Quantitative, tag-based studies of gene expression were one of the earliest applications of these next-generation technologies, but the tremendous depth of sequencing facilitates de novo transcript discovery, which replaces traditional expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing. In addition, these technologies have created new opportunities for understanding the generation, stability, and decay of RNA and the impacts of chromatin differences on gene expression. As we review the impact of these methods on plant biology, we also mention published studies from animal systems when the methods are broadly applicable. We can anticipate that the published work over the past few years is a harbinger of much broader studies that are yet to be published and are sure to further advance our understanding of plant genomes in a field changing at a dizzying pace.
Network Firewall Policy Tries (2005)

This study investigates the behavioral effects of morphine administration and exposure to high ambient pressure in the formalin test. Rats were simultaneously given formalin (0.1 ml, 5%) in a hind paw, and saline or morphine (2.5-10.0 mg/kg) subcutaneously. They were then exposed to ambient pressure of either 1 or 48 bar (compression rate: 3 bar/min; 1 bar is approximately equal to the pressure of 1 atmosphere) in a helium-oxygen atmosphere. The behavior of the animals was monitored for 35 min at stable pressure, starting 25 min after the injections. After morphine, the groups tested at 1 bar showed a dose-dependent reduction in pain-related activities such as licking, biting, clutching and protecting the injected paw but paw-elevation while resting was significantly increased after the highest dose. The 48-bar groups spent almost no time in these behavioral categories but showed an increase in apparently normal motor activity. Paw-jerking appeared to be a more robust response. The number of jerks was not altered by pressurization and was dose-dependently reduced by morphine at both pressures. The results show that hyperbaric exposure alters the response pattern in the formalin test, demonstrate the advantage of evaluating several behavioral criteria in this test and provide tentative evidence against pressure reversal of morphine analgesia.
Peptide-mediated Cell and In Vivo Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides and siRNA (2012)

Antisense oligonucleotides and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are nucleic acids-targeting reagents for gene expression modulation that are being developed as drugs for many applications. A number of useful synthetic nucleic acids analogues have been introduced recently to greatly improve their properties for use as therapeutics. However, their full effectiveness in cells and in vivo has often only been realized through development of suitable nonviral delivery systems. Among these, a range of natural and synthetic peptides have been found useful for enhancing cellular uptake and/or cell targeting of oligonucleotide analogues and siRNA. Such peptides are synthetically conjugated, used as noncovalent complexes, or used in combination with polymer, liposomal or exosome formulation techniques. This review begins by describing the modes of action of antisense reagents and siRNA and goes on to focus on recent advances in their peptide-mediated cell and in vivo delivery and how peptide use has influenced drug development. The review discusses the challenges associated with understanding the physiological and toxicological aspects of peptide-mediated delivery. Developments towards clinical use are also highlighted, with particular emphasis on peptide conjugates of oligonucleotide analogues used for treatment of neuromuscular diseases.
Comparing KeyCite with Shepard's Online (1999)

Abstract In July, 1997, West Group unveiled a major new citator product, KeyCite. This article examines both Shepard's and KeyCite's process. The article considers marketing claims, and, using randomly selected cases, compares KeyCite with Shepard's.