gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The conserved undecapeptide shared by thiol‐activated cytolysins is involved in membrane binding (1999)

Thiol-activated cytolysins share a conserved hydrophobic, Trp-rich undecapeptide that is suggested to be involved in membrane binding and intercalation. The neutralizing monoclonal antibody PLY-5 recognizes all members of this toxin family and peptide mapping assigned its epitope to the undecapeptide motif. This antibody inhibited binding of the toxins to host cell membranes and the epitope was no longer available for binding when a preformed toxin/membrane complex was tested. These results confirm the model of cytolysin binding suggested by structural data.
Hydrotitanation-protonation of vitamin D2 and its analogs: an efficient method for the preparation of 10,19-dihydrovitamins D2 including dihydrotachysterol2 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrotitanation-protonation of vitamin D2 and its analogs: an efficient method for the preparation of 10,19-dihydrovitamins D2 including dihydrotachysterol2J. G. Cota, M. C. Meilan, A. Mourino, and L. CastedoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 26, 6094–6099Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00261a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00261a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views327Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neural networks initialization (2002)

The paper investigates the problem of neural network initialization for the identification of linear time invariant dynamical systems. The multilayer feedforward network with linear neurons associated with multiple delay lines is used to perform identification of arx models. Special attention is devoted to the initialization of weights using a priori knowledge on the model structure and parameters, and to robustness performance of neural models. Simulation results enhance the weakness of random initial weights on learning and highlight the performance of optimized initial weights on robustness. Some indications are given for the implementation of the aforementioned initialization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Legitimate and illegitimate cleavage of human immunodeficiency virus glycoproteins by furin (1993)

Coexpression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoproteins with the subtilisin-like protease furin leads to processing of gp160 and gp140, a truncated form of gp160, to gp120. In addition, we show that gp120 itself is further cleaved by furin at sites near the primary cleavage site and within the V3 loop.
Immobilisation of β‐galactosidase onto gelatin by glutaraldehyde and chromium(III) acetate (1994)

Abstract β‐Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) was immobilised onto a gelatin carrier system by crosslinking. Glutaraldehyde and chromium(III) acetate were used as crosslinking agents. The effect of pH on enzyme activity, kinetic parameters and reusability of the immobilised enzyme were investigated. To obtain a better relative activity, a method was developed and further modified to increase the surface area of the support system by using polyacrylamide. Relative activity enhancement of 68% was achieved in the gelatin–glutaraldehyde system.
A novel antisense oligonucleotide inhibiting several antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in androgen-independent human prostate cancer PC3 cells (2005)

Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are associated with treatment resistance and progression in many cancers, including prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether a novel bispecific antisense oligonucleotide targeting both Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in androgen-independent PC3 prostate cancer cells. An antisense oligonucleotide with complete sequence identity to Bcl-2 and three-base mismatches to Bcl-xL selected from five antisense oligonucleotides targeting various regions with high homology between Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL was found to be the most potent inhibitor of both Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression in PC3 cells. This selected Bcl-2/Bcl-xL bispecific antisense oligonucleotide reduced mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner, reducing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein levels to 12% and 19%, respectively. Interestingly, Mcl-1 was down-regulated as well, although levels of Bax, Bad, or Bak were not altered after treatment with this bispecific antisense oligonucleotide. Indirect down-regulation of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, including XIAP, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2, via second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases was also observed after bispecific antisense oligonucleotide treatment. Executioner caspase-3, caspase-6, and caspase-7 were shown to be involved in apoptosis induced by bispecific antisense oligonucleotide. This Bcl-2/Bcl-xL bispecific antisense oligonucleotide also enhanced paclitaxel chemosensitivity in PC3 cells, reducing the IC50 of paclitaxel by >90%. These findings illustrate that combined suppression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members using this antisense oligonucleotide could be an attractive strategy for inhibiting cancer progression through alteration of the apoptotic rheostat in androgen-independent prostate cancer.
EPO's Alter Ego: Erythropoietin Has Multiple Actions (2002)

Many cancer patients suffer from anemia, which has a major detrimental effect on their quality of life. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is now widely used in cancer patients, as it improves hematocrit, lowers blood transfusion requirements, and improves quality of life. Recent research indicates that EPO has pleiotropic effects on the body well beyond the maintenance of red cell mass, but the mechanisms involved in relieving fatigue and improving quality of life in cancer patients are poorly understood. EPO receptors (EPO-Rs) have been detected in many different cells and tissues, providing evidence for autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions of EPO. Apart from its endocrine function, EPO may have a generalized role as an antiapoptotic agent that is associated with enhancement of muscle tone, mucosal status, and gonadal and cognitive function. The recent discovery of EPO-Rs in breast tumor vasculature, while raising important questions about the possible effects of pharmacological doses of rHuEPO on tumor cells, also suggests that the receptors could provide a useful target for drugs attached to EPO.
Enhanced responsiveness of committed macrophage precursors to macrophage-type colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) induced in vitro by interferons alpha + beta. (1983)

Contrasting effects of interferon alpha + beta (IFN) on colony-stimulating factor- (CSF) induced macrophage stem cell proliferation resulted when nucleated murine femoral marrow cells were exposed to IFN either before addition of CSF or simultaneously with CSF. Responsiveness to macrophage type L cell CSF was measured by two different assays: by determination of [3H]thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation and by enumeration of colonies formed in response to CSF. Incubation of nucleated marrow cells concurrently with CSF and IFN resulted in depressed proliferation that was dependent on the dose of IFN. Preincubation of marrow cells with IFN, however, produced a dose-dependent enhancement of CSF responsiveness in comparison to preincubation of marrow cells in the absence of IFN. The enhancing effect of IFN was observed only when preincubated cells were stimulated with suboptimal concentrations of CSF. At optimal CSF concentrations, differences were not observed in either 3H-TdR incorporation or in colony formation. On the basis of data accumulated by both assays for CSF responsiveness, IFN pretreatment was hypothesized not to increase the total population of existing progenitor cells, but to influence the capacity of pre-existing progenitor cells to respond to suboptimal doses of the growth factor.
Vaccinia virus-encoded ribonucleotide reductase: sequence conservation of the gene for the small subunit and its amplification in hydroxyurea-resistant mutants (1988)

The vaccinia virus gene that encodes the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase was localized to the HindIII F fragment by using degenerate oligonucleotide probes. DNA sequencing revealed a leftward-reading open reading frame that predicted a protein of 37 kilodaltons whose amino acid sequence was much more homologous to the mouse and clam M2 sequences (approximately 80%) than to the corresponding herpesvirus (approximately 27%) or procaryotic (approximately 19%) gene products. Vaccinia virus mutants selected for the ability to grow in high concentrations of a specific inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, hydroxyurea, amplified the M2 gene and harbored tandem arrays (2 to 15 copies) of the gene within the HindIII F region. RNA isolated at early times after infection with wild-type virus and probed with an internal fragment of the M2 gene indicated one major (1.2 kilobases) and two minor (4.0 and 2.1 kilobases) transcripts. S1 nuclease analysis and primer extension experiments identified an RNA start site 12 nucleotides upstream of the putative initiation ATG codon.
INSL5-Deficient Mice Display an Alteration in Glucose Homeostasis and an Impaired Fertility (2012)

Insulin-like factor 5 (INSL5), a member of the insulin superfamily, is expressed in the colorectum and hypothalamus. To facilitate studies into the role of INSL5, we generated Insl5(-/-) mice by gene targeting. Insl5(-/-) mice were born in the expected Mendelian ratio, reached normal body weight, but displayed impaired male and female fertility that are due to marked reduction in sperm motility and irregular length of the estrous cycle. Furthermore, Insl5(-/-) mice showed impairment in glucose homeostasis with characteristic elevation of serum glucose levels at an advanced age. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests revealed that the increased blood glucose in Insl5(-/-) mice was due to glucose intolerance resulting from reduced insulin secretion. Morphometric and immunohistological analyses revealed that the Insl5(-/-) mice had markedly reduced average islets area and β-cell numbers. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed the expression of INSL5 in enteroendocrine cells in the colorectal epithelium and the presence of its putative receptor relaxin family peptide receptor 4 in pancreatic islet cells. These results suggest the potential role of INSL5 signaling in the regulation of insulin secretion and β-cell homeostasis.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 and Remodeled Type I Collagen Control Membrane Protrusion in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2004)

Plasma membrane protrusion is fundamental to cell motility, but its regulation by the extracellular environment is not well elucidated. We have quantified lamellipodial protrusion dynamics in human vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and type I collagen, two distinct ligands presented to vascular cells during arterial remodeling. Video microscopy revealed that FGF-2 stimulated a modest increase in lamellipodial protrusion rate that peaked within 15 min. This response was associated with immediate but transient activation of Rac1 and was inhibited in cells infected with retrovirus containing cDNA encoding dominant-negative Rac1. A 1-h exposure to FGF-2 also set up a second phase of more striking lamellipodial protrusion evident at 24-36 h. This delayed response was most pronounced when cells were on type 1 collagen and was associated with FGF-2-induced expression of collagenase-1 that localized to the edge of protruding lamellipodia. Moreover, late membrane protrusion was inhibited when cells were on collagenase-resistant type I collagen, implicating degraded collagen as a mediator. For cells on collagen, the immediate activation of Rac1 by FGF-2 was followed by a sustained wave of Rac1 activation that was inhibited when cleavage of the collagen triple helix was prevented and also by blockade of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin. We conclude that lamellipodial protrusion in smooth muscle cells can be regulated by waves of Rac1 activation, corresponding to the sequential presentation of FGF-2 and remodeled collagen. The findings thus reveal a previously unrecognized level of coordination among extracellular input that enables cells to maintain protrusive activity over prolonged periods.
A PET imaging approach for determining EGFR mutation status for improved lung cancer patient management (2018)

Tumor heterogeneity and changes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status over time challenge the design of effective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment strategies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop techniques for comprehensive tumor EGFR profiling in real time, particularly in lung cancer precision medicine trials. We report a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, <i>N</i>-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-7-(2-(2-(2-(2-<sup>18</sup>F-fluoroethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy)-6-methoxyquinazolin-4-amine (<sup>18</sup>F-MPG), with high specificity to activating EGFR mutant kinase. We evaluate the feasibility of using <sup>18</sup>F-MPG PET for noninvasive imaging and quantification of EGFR-activating mutation status in preclinical models of NSCLC and in patients with primary and metastatic NSCLC tumors. <sup>18</sup>F-MPG PET in NSCLC animal models showed a significant correlation (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9050) between <sup>18</sup>F-MPG uptake and activating EGFR mutation status. In clinical studies with NSCLC patients (<i>n</i> = 75), the concordance between the detection of EGFR activation by <sup>18</sup>F-MPG PET/computed tomography (CT) and tissue biopsy reached 84.29%. There was a greater response to EGFR-TKIs (81.58% versus 6.06%) and longer median progression-free survival (348 days versus 183 days) in NSCLC patients when <sup>18</sup>F-MPG PET/CT SUV<sub>max</sub> (maximum standard uptake value) was ≥2.23 versus <2.23. Our study demonstrates that <sup>18</sup>F-MPG PET/CT is a powerful method for precise quantification of EGFR-activating mutation status in NSCLC patients, and it is a promising strategy for noninvasively identifying patients sensitive to EGFR-TKIs and for monitoring the efficacy of EGFR-TKI therapy.
Coadministration of HIV vaccine vectors with vaccinia viruses expressing IL-15 but not IL-2 induces long-lasting cellular immunity (2003)

Vaccine efficacy is determined largely by cellular and humoral immunity as well as long-lasting immunological memory. IL-2 and IL-15 were evaluated in vaccinia vectors expressing HIV gp160 for the establishment of an effective vaccine strategy. Both IL-2 and IL-15 in the vaccinia vector induced strong and long-lasting antibody-mediated immunity as well as a short-term cytotoxic T cell response against HIV gp120. In addition, IL-15 also supported robust CD8+ T cell-mediated long-term immunity, whereas the CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity induced by IL-2 was short-lived. Moreover, we found that the cytokine milieu at the time of priming had surprisingly persistent effects on the character of the memory CD8 T cells long afterward with respect to their fate, functional activities, cytokine receptor expression, and antigen-independent proliferation.
Post-Trauma Administration of Caffeine Plus Ethanol Reduces Contusion Volume and Improves Working Memory in Rats (2004)

It has been demonstrated that ethanol exerts dose-dependent effects, both beneficial and detrimental, on the outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recently, it has been reported that co-administration of caffeine (10 mg/kg) and a low amount of alcohol (0.65 g/kg; caffeinol) reduces cortical infarct volume up to 80%, and improves motor coordination, following a rodent model of reversible common carotid/middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, the protective effects of caffeinol following other CNS insults, nor its influence on cognitive function, have been examined. Using a controlled cortical impact model of brain injury, the effect of caffeinol administration on TBI-associated motor and cognitive deficits was assessed. When given 15 min following injury, caffeinol reduced cortical tissue loss and improved working memory. However, no influence on motor skills, Morris water maze performance or associative learning and memory was observed. Delayed administration (6 h post-injury) of caffeinol containing a dose of ethanol (1 g/kg) previously demonstrated to improve motor performance eliminated the working memory benefit and cortical protection. These results indicate that early administration of caffeinol may be beneficial in lessening some of the deficits and cortical tissue loss associated with brain trauma.
Stochastic Completion Fields: A Neural Model of Illusory Contour Shape and Salience (1997)

We describe an algorithm- and representation-level theory of illusory contour shape and salience. Unlike previous theories, our model is derived from a single assumption: that the prior probability distribution of boundary completion shape can be modeled by a random walk in a lattice whose points are positions and orientations in the image plane (i.e., the space that one can reasonably assume is represented by neurons of the mammalian visual cortex). Our model does not employ numerical relaxation or other explicit minimization, but instead relies on the fact that the probability that a particle following a random walk will pass through a given position and orientation on a path joining two boundary fragments can be computed directly as the product of two vector-field convolutions. We show that for the random walk we define, the maximum likelihood paths are curves of least energy, that is, on average, random walks follow paths commonly assumed to model the shape of illusory contours. A computer model is demonstrated on numerous illusory contour stimuli from the literature.
Heterogeneity in the expression of HLA and tumor-associated antigens by surgically removed and cultured breast carcinoma cells. (1983)

Surgically removed normal and malignant mammary tissues and human breast carcinoma cell lines were tested in binding assays with monoclonal antibodies to HLA-A,B,C antigens, beta 2-microglobulin, HLA-DR antigens, and tumor-associated antigens; the latter included a Mr 280,000, a Mr 94,000, and a Mr 85,000 membrane-bound glycoprotein and a cytoplasmic antigen. HLA-A,B antigens, beta 2-microglobulin, HLA-DR antigens, and the cytoplasmic antigen are expressed by normal mammary cells. Their malignant transformation may be associated with quantitative changes in the expression of these antigens and with the appearance of Mr 94,000 and Mr 85,000 glycoproteins. The Mr 280,000 glycoprotein was detected on only one of the breast carcinoma cell lines tested. Analysis of primary tumors and autologous axillary lymph node metastasis from 13 patients has shown differences in the expression of all the antigens tested between primary and metastatic lesions.
Budweiser or Budweiser, 32 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1251 (1999) (1999)

discussing the great value of goodwill Anheuser-Busch invested into its trademark Budweiser).Anheuser-Busch's goodwill in the name Budweiser was the sole reason for the court to find unfair competition in the case against Fred Muller Brewing Company.Id. Anheuser-Busch also alleged that the defendant's beer is of inferior quality and that the defendant's labels and bottles constitute on their face a palm-off action.Id.These additional grounds for complaint were found to have no merit.Id.The defendant argued that the name Budweiser was open to any manufacturer in the United States as a name of a process.Id.The court held, however, that the name was introduced and became known in the United States only through Anheuser-Busch's St. Louis production.Id.The court summarized that the beer was made from materials imported from the brewery in Budweis, the beer's original manufacturer.Id.The unique ingredients were Saazer hops, a fine quality of Bohemian barley supplemented by Bohemian pitch, and Bohemian yeast.Id.Anheuser-Busch imported these materials for one or two years and then selected American barley and other substitutes for the production.Id.The beer, however, retained a resemblance to the original Budweis production.Id.This distinctive beer attained popularity to such a great extent that the president of Anheuser-Busch became known as "Mr.Budweiser" instead of Mr. Busch.Id.; see also Anheuser-Busch v. Budweiser Malt Prods.Corp., 287 F. 243, 246 (S.D.N.Y. 1921) (enjoining the defendant from using the name Budweiser and discussing how the defendant benefited from the reputation and advertisement of Anheuser-Busch).The defendant argued that the trademark Budweiser for beer does not extend to malt syrup, which is not a product competing with beer.Id.Anheuser-Busch registered the trademark Budweiser for malt syrup in 1920, but the defendant opposed this, claiming prior use.Id.The court held that the products are so closely related that the public would conclude the malt syrup was made by Anheuser-Busch.Id.In this way, the defendant would intentionally take advantage of Anheuser-Busch's reputation and advertisement.Id.; see also Anheuser-Busch v. Cohen, 37 F.2d 393, 397 (D.Md.1930) (finding the trade name "Budd-Wise" for barley malt syrup to be an infringement of Anheuser-Busch's trademark "Budweiser").10. "Budweis" was the German name for Ceske Budejovice.Under the Austro-Hungarian Empire, German was the official language.This city is part of the Czech Republic today; however, its German equivalent is still known, especially in
Comparisons of conventional techniques and neural networks in power system load forecasting and stability (1991)

The authors of this paper represent diverse interests in problems which have the commonality of being both important and potentially well-suited for trainable classifiers or other neural architectures. The load forecasting problem, which is partially a regression problem, uses past load trends to predict the critical needs of future power generation. The power security problem uses the classifier as an interpolator of previously known states of the system. The dynamic security problem departs from a trainable classifier and, instead, uses a neural architecture to potentially speed up simulations. In this paper the authors review the details of our past studies where for 2 problems in power systems we showed that the multi-layer perceptron performed as well as or better than the trained classification trees. The authors also make a link between ANN computational hardware and transient stability computation.