gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efferent Vagal Nerve Stimulation Protects Heart Against Ischemia-Induced Arrhythmias by Preserving Connexin43 Protein (2005)

Background— Myocardial ischemia (MI) leads to derangements in cellular electrical stability and the generation of lethal arrhythmias. Vagal nerve stimulation has been postulated to contribute to the antifibrillatory effect. Here, we suggest a novel mechanism for the antiarrhythmogenic properties of vagal stimulation during acute MI. Methods and Results— Under anesthesia, Wistar rats underwent 30 minutes of left coronary artery (LCA) ligation with vagal stimulation (MI-VS group, n=11) and with sham stimulation (MI-SS group, n=12). Eight of the 12 rats in the MI-SS group had ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) during 30-minute LCA ligation; on the other hand, VT occurred in only 1 of the 11 rats in the MI-VS group (67% versus 9%, respectively). Atropine administration abolished the antiarrhythmogenic effect of vagal stimulation. Immunoblotting revealed that the MI-SS group showed a marked reduction in the amount of phosphorylated connexin43 (Cx43), whereas the MI-VS group showed only a slight reduction compared with the sham operation and sham stimulation group (37±20% versus 79±18%). Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the MI-induced loss of Cx43 from intercellular junctions was prevented by vagal stimulation. In addition, studies with rat primary-cultured cardiomyocytes demonstrated that acetylcholine effectively prevented the hypoxia-induced loss of phosphorylated Cx43 and ameliorated the loss of cell-to-cell communication as determined by Lucifer Yellow dye transfer assay, which supports the in vivo results. Conclusions— Vagal nerve stimulation exerts antiarrhythmogenic effects accompanied by prevention of the loss of phosphorylated Cx43 during acute MI and thus plays a critical role in improving ischemia-induced electrical instability.
Cluster Headache (2000)

Cluster headache is a stereotypic, primary headache disorder that is marked by repeated short-lasting attacks of severe, unilateral head pain and associated autonomic symptoms. Cluster headache is probably due to an abnormality in the circadian hypothalamic generator with subsequent trigeminovascular activation. We have reviewed the clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, gender differences, and treatment options in cluster headache.
Molecular Analysis of the Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Recombinant Zona Pellucida Antigens in a Primate Model1 (1992)

The studies reported here are the first to demonstrate that recombinant zona pellucida (ZP) proteins will elicit a humoral immune response that recognizes native ZP proteins. Three cDNAs encoding rabbit ZP protein antigens expressed in bacteria were used to immunize cynomolgus monkeys. Four groups of six monkeys each were immunized with bacterially expressed cro-beta-galactosidase recombinant proteins encoded by a full-length cDNA (rc55) encoding the 55-kDa rabbit ZP recombinant protein (rec55), two partial cDNAs (rc75a and rc75b) encoding two recombinant peptides (rec75a and rec75b) of the 75-kDa rabbit ZP protein, and the plasmid-encoded cro-beta-galactosidase control protein. Initial immunizations with these fusion proteins using the muramyl dipeptide adjuvant did not elicit significant levels of antibodies to native or recombinant ZP proteins. Further immunizations were therefore carried out using recombinant ZP proteins conjugated to either protein A or keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Antibodies were detected in the groups immunized with the rec55 and rec75a; however, no antibodies were generated against the rec75b protein. These antibodies have been characterized by two-dimensional PAGE immunoblotting and shown to recognize antigenic domains associated with two of the native rabbit ZP proteins. Reprobes of these immunoblots with sheep anti-total native rabbit ZP proteins, affinity-purified on pig ZP, further demonstrate that a fourth distinct rabbit ZP antigen may be present. The characterization of species-conserved antigenic domains of mammalian ZP proteins is important for studies of the functional regions of ZP proteins and is critical for the design of safe and effective contraceptive vaccines.
Effect ofNeisseria meningitidisFur Mutations on Global Control of Gene Transcription (2006)

The ferric uptake regulator Fur is a well-known iron-responsive repressor of gene transcription, which is used by many bacteria to respond to the low-iron environment that pathogens encounter during infection. In this study we used comparative transcriptome analysis to define the role of the Fur protein in the global control of gene transcription and iron regulation in Neisseria meningitidis. By using the Fur-null mutant and its complemented derivative, we identified 83 genes whose transcription is controlled by Fur. We report that Fur may control differential expression of these genes by binding directly to their promoters or through indirect mechanisms. In addition, mutation of the fur gene resulted in the induction of the heat shock response, and transcription of these genes does not respond to iron limitation. Furthermore, analysis of the iron starvation stimulon in the Fur-null mutant provided evidences of iron-responsive regulation that is independent of Fur. We began to dissect the regulatory networks of Fur and the heat shock (stress) response in N. meningitidis, and the observed interlink between the two circuits is discussed.
o-Styrylnitrene route to 2-substituted indoles. Pyrolysis of o-azidostyrenes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTo-Styrylnitrene route to 2-substituted indoles. Pyrolysis of o-azidostyrenesRichard J. Sundberg, Henry F. Russell, Woodvin V. Ligon Jr., and Long-Su LinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 5, 719–724Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00970a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00970a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views410Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Impact of Genetic Manipulation on the Fitness of Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes (2003)

Genetic modification of mosquitoes offers exciting possibilities for controlling malaria, but success will depend on how transformation affects the fitness of modified insects. The expression of an exogenous gene, the mutations caused by its insertion, and inbreeding while transformed lines are established can all lead to reductions in fitness. Factors influencing fitness were investigated in cage experiments with four lines of transgenic Anopheles stephensi, a vector species of human malaria. The results indicate direct costs of the introduced transgene in at least three out of the four lines, as well as an apparent cost of the inbreeding involved in making transgenic homozygotes.
Immunization with α-galactosylceramide polarizes CD1-reactive NK T cells towards Th2 cytokine synthesis (1999)

We have compared the immune responses of mice immunized either with alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), capable of eliciting a CD1-metiated stimulation of V alpha14+ NK T cells, or with lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a glycophospholipid derived from mycobacteria which is known to be presented by CD1b in humans. Within 24 h, alpha-GalCer induces a burst of IFN-gamma secretion in vivo, and recall with antigen in vitro leads to the synthesis of IL-4 and IL-10 in addition to IFN-gamma. Associated with this in vivo cytokine release is a polyclonal activation of splenic B and T cells. CD1-reactive NK T lymphocytes mediate these events, because none of them are observed in alpha-GalCer-immunized CD1-/- mice. LAM immunization fails to promote similar early responses in vivo. Repeated exposure of mice to alpha-GalCer induces splenic T cells to secrete IL-4 and IL-10 but dramatically reduced levels of IFN-gamma. Such a bias in the cytokine balance triggered by NK T cells stimulated with multiple doses of alpha-GalCer suggests that this compound might be useful in the induction of Th2 immune responses and the prevention of chronic inflammatory conditions mediated by Th1 cytokines.
Stereochemical studies on medicinal agents. 23. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-amino derivatives of naloxone and naltrexone (1977)

Epimeric 6-amino derivatives of naloxone and naltrexone have been synthesized and the configuration at the C-6 chiral center was determined from NMR studies. All of the derivatives possess narcotic antagonist activity in mice, with each of the 6beta epimers having greater potency than the corresponding 6alpha epimers. In vitro binding experiments indicate that the affinities of these epimers parallel thier in vivo potencies. Slight antinociceptic properties were observed with three of the four compounds. The naloxone derivatives 3a and 3b appear to be attractive candidates for investigation as long-acting narcotic antagonists in view of their fourfold greater duration of action relative to the other antagonists (1, 2, 4a, and 4b).
Structure and function of a 40,000-molecular-weight protein antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1992)

A gene encoding a protein antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a molecular weight of 40,000 has been sequenced. On the basis of sequence homology and functional analyses, we demonstrated that the protein is an L-alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1). The enzyme was demonstrated in M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum but not in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The enzyme may play a role in cell wall synthesis because L-alanine is an important constituent of the peptidoglycan layer. Although no consensus signal sequence was identified, we found evidence which suggests that the enzyme is secreted across the cell membrane. The enzyme was characterized and purified by chromatography, thus enabling further studies of its role in virulence and interaction with the immune system of M. tuberculosis-infected individuals.
Characterization of the 1918 “Spanish” influenza virus neuraminidase gene (2000)

The "Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918 was characterized by exceptionally high mortality, especially among young adults. The surface proteins of influenza viruses, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, play important roles in virulence, host specificity, and the human immune response. The complete coding sequence of hemagglutinin was reported last year. This laboratory has now determined the complete coding sequence of the neuraminidase gene of the 1918 virus. Influenza RNA fragments were isolated from lung tissue of three victims of the 1918 flu; complete sequence was generated from A/Brevig Mission/1/18, with confirmatory sequencing carried out on A/South Carolina/1/18 and A/New York/1/18. The 1918 neuraminidase gene sequence was compared with other N1 subtype neuraminidase genes, including 9 N1 strains newly sequenced for this study. The 1918 neuraminidase shares many sequence and structural characteristics with avian strains, including the conserved active site, wild-type stalk length, glycosylation sites, and antigenic sites. Phylogenetically, the 1918 neuraminidase gene appears to be intermediate between mammals and birds, suggesting that it was introduced into mammals just before the 1918 pandemic.
Efficient oblivious transfer protocols (2001)

1 IntroductionOblivious Transfer (OT) protocols allow one party, the sender, to transmit part of its inputs to another party, the chooser, in a manner that protects both of them: the sender is assured that the chooser does not receive more information than it is entitled, while the chooser is assured that the sender does not learn which part of the inputs it received. OT is used as a key component in many applications of cryptography. Its computational requirements are quite demanding and they are likely to be the bottleneck in many applications that invoke it.1.1 Contributions.This paper presents several significant improvements to oblivious transfer (OT) protocols of strings, and in particular: (i) Improving the efficiency of applications which many invocations of oblivious transfer. (ii) Providing the first two-round OT protocol whose security analysis does not invoke the random oracle model.
EpCAM Aptamer-mediated Survivin Silencing Sensitized Cancer Stem Cells to Doxorubicin in a Breast Cancer Model (2015)

Understanding the molecular basis of drug resistance and utilising this information to overcome chemoresistance remains a key challenge in oncology. Here we report that survivin, a key protein implicated in drug resistance, is overexpressed in cancer stem cell pool of doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells. Moreover, by utilising an active targeting system consisting of an RNA aptamer targeted against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule and a Dicer substrate survivin siRNA, we could deliver a high dose of the siRNA to cancer stem cells in xenograft tumours. Importantly, silencing of survivin with this aptamer-siRNA chimera in cancer stem cell population led to the reversal of chemoresistance, such that combined treatment with low dose of doxorubicin inhibited stemness, eliminated cancer stem cells via apoptosis, suppressed tumour growth, and prolonged survival in mice bearing chemoresistant tumours. This strategy for in vivo cancer stem cell targeting has wide application for future effective silencing of anti-death genes and in fact any dysregulated genes involved in chemoresistance and tumour relapse.
New human V beta genes and polymorphic variants (1991)

To extend the characterization of the human V beta gene repertoire, we utilized anchored or V beta-specific polymerase chain reaction to generate a large (approximately 200 clones) beta-chain library from the thymus of a single individual. Nine new V beta genes were identified, including single members for two new subfamilies (V beta 22 and 23), two new members of the V beta 5 subfamily, and one new member each for V beta 2, 6, 7, 9, and 12. Full-length sequences were also obtained for the published partial sequences of V beta 3, 5.3, 9.1, and 13.4, and additional nucleotides for V beta 7.1 and V beta 7.2. Based on consensus sequences from multiple clones, apparent allelic variants for six V beta genes (V beta 2.1, 5.3, 7.2, 8.2, 13.4, and 16) were also tentatively identified. Population and family studies for two of these (V beta 2.1 and 16) further confirmed that these V beta were alleles and not separate genes. Nonconservative substitutions in some of these alleles, as well as in previously identified alleles, are located at the hypervariable loops or the framework region. These findings indicate that V beta gene polymorphism appears to be significant in humans and might be the result of selective pressure imposed by conventional Ag (hypervariable loops) or superantigens (framework regions).
Spin Torque Ferromagnetic Resonance Induced by the Spin Hall Effect (2010)

We demonstrate that the spin Hall effect in a thin film with strong spin-orbit scattering can excite magnetic precession in an adjacent ferromagnetic film. The flow of alternating current through a Pt/NiFe bilayer generates an oscillating transverse spin current in the Pt, and the resultant transfer of spin angular momentum to the NiFe induces ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) dynamics. The Oersted field from the current also generates an FMR signal but with a different symmetry. The ratio of these two signals allows a quantitative determination of the spin current and the spin Hall angle.
Methanogen communities in stools of humans of different age and health status and co-occurrence with bacteria (2015)

Hydrogenotrophic methanogens live in a synthrophic relationship with the human gut microbiota as the terminal part of the anaerobic food chain. Methanobrevibacter smithii of the Methanobacteriales is the prevailing archaeal species. Recently, methylotrophic archaea of the novel order Methanomassiliicoccales were isolated from human stools. Few data exist on the prevalence, abundance, persistence and ecology of these methanogens in humans. This study investigated methanogen communities in 26 healthy and obese children (8-14 years) and 18 adults (28-78 years) using quantitative PCR. Samples were obtained from nine females before and after giving birth. Bacterial groups linked to the abundance of methanogens in adult females were identified using a 16S rRNA gene amplicon data set. A total of 89% and 65% of adults and children, respectively, carried Methanobacteriales. Methanomassiliicoccales were recovered from 50% of the adults and one child. Mean relative abundance of Methanomassiliicoccales in adults was lower than that of Methanobacteriales (0.10% versus 0.52%). Both Methanobacteriales and Methanomassiliicoccales formed stable communities in females before and after giving birth. Methanobacteriales co-occurred with bacterial taxonomic groups associated with the trophic chain from carbohydrate degradation to hydrogen and formate formation. Relative abundance was inversely correlated to Blautia. Negative correlation with little characterized groups within the Clostridiales indicated possible interactions of Methanomassiliicoccales with the bacterial community.
Multidrug Resistance inYersinia pestisMediated by a Transferable Plasmid (1997)

Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague, a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans through flea bites and typically characterized by the appearance of a tender and swollen lymph node, the bubo. Human-to-human transmission can occur, through either the bite of fleas (bubonic plague) or respiratory droplets, causing an overwhelming infection called pneumonic plague. The last plague pandemic began in Hong Kong in 1894 and spread throughout the world, establishing many endemic foci. Antibiotics and enforcement of public health measures significantly decreased the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease but did not allow its eradication. In fact, plague . . .
Fabrication and characterization of gated n/sup +/ polycrystalline silicon field emitter arrays (2002)

Field emission characteristics from n/sup +/ polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) field emitters fabricated on an insulating layer are presented and compared with those from single crystal silicon field emitters. SEM micrographs of fabricated poly-Si emitters showed poor uniformity in structure due to the oxide thickness deviation associated with grain boundaries of poly-Si in sharpening oxidation step. The anode current of 0.1 /spl mu/A/tip was measured at the gate bias of 82 V from 625 poly-Si tips with gate hole diameter of 1.2 /spl mu/m and 80 V from 625 single crystal Si tips with diameter of 1.6 /spl mu/m, respectively.
Venti: A New Approach to Archival Storage (2002)

This paper describes a network storage system, called Venti, intended for archival data. In this system, a unique hash of a block’s contents acts as the block identifier for read and write operations. This approach enforces a write-once policy, preventing accidental or malicious destruction of data. In addition, duplicate copies of a block can be coalesced, reducing the consumption of storage and simplifying the implementation of clients. Venti is a building block for constructing a variety of storage applications such as logical backup, physical backup, and snapshot file systems. We have built a prototype of the system and present some preliminary performance results. The system uses magnetic disks as the storage technology, resulting in an access time for archival data that is comparable to non-archival data. The feasibility of the write-once model for storage is demonstrated using data from over a decade’s use of two Plan 9 file systems. 1.
Synthesis of the Four Isomers of 4-Aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate:  Identification of a Potent, Highly Selective, and Systemically-Active Agonist for Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Negatively Coupled to Adenylate Cyclase (1996)

The four isomers of 4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (APDC) were prepared and evaluated for their effects at glutamate receptors in vitro. (2R,4R)-APDC (2a), an aza analog of the nonselective mGluR agonist (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (1S,3R)-ACPD, 1), was found to possess relatively high affinity for metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) (ACPD-sensitive [3H]glutamate binding IC50 = 6.49 +/- 1.21 microM) with no effects on radioligand binding to NMDA, AMPA, or kainate receptors up to 100 microM. None of the other APDC isomers showed significant mGluR binding affinity, indicating that this interaction is highly stereospecific. Both 1 and 2a were effective in decreasing forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation in the adult rat cerebral cortex (EC50 = 8.17 +/- 2.21 microM for 1; EC50 = 14.51 +/- 5.54 microM for 2a); however, while 1 was also effective in stimulating basal tritiated inositol monophosphate production in the neonatal rat cerebral cortex (EC50 = 27.7 +/- 5.2 microM), 2a (up to 100 microM) was ineffective in stimulating phosphoinositide hydrolysis in this tissue preparation, further supporting our previous observations that 2a is a highly selective agonist for mGluRs negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase. Microelectrophoretic application of either 1 or 2a to intact rat spinal neurons produced an augmentation of AMPA-induced excitation (95 +/- 10% increase for 1, 52 +/- 6% increase for 2a). Intracerebral injection of 1 (400 nmol) produced characteristic limbic seizures in mice which are not mimicked by 2a (200-1600 nmol, ic). However, the limbic seizures induced by 1 were blocked by systemically administered 2a in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 271 mg/kg, ip). It is concluded that (2R,4R)-APDC (2a) is a highly selective, systemically-active agonist of mGluRs negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase and that selective activation of these receptors in vivo can result in anticonvulsant effects.
An effective de-interlacing technique using two types of motion information (2003)

In this paper, we propose a new de-interlacing algorithm using two types of motion information, i.e., the block-based and the pixel-based motion information. In the proposed scheme, block-wise motion is first calculated using the frame differences. Then, it is refined by the pixel-based motion information. The results of hardware implementation show that the proposed scheme using block-wise motion is more robust to noise than the conventional schemes using pixel-wise motion. Also, the proposed spatial interpolation provides a good visual performance in the case of moving diagonal edges.