gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of Antibodies Using Protein A-Sepharose and FPLC (2003)

Protein A chromatography is a type of affinity chromatography that relies on the specific interaction of protein A with the Fc region of immunoglobulins from a number of species (). Protein A is a 42,000-Dalton polypeptide originally isolated from the cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus (). Because of its extended shape, protein A does not, however, run true to its actual size on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Protein A is well characterized, and for a detailed review, see Langone () and ref. . Protein A has been expressed in recombinant form, and its crystal structure has been solved (). The affinity of protein A for Fc regions is very high (Kd = 10-7). The molecule contains four binding sites, but only two Fc domains can be bound at any one time. Since the antibody combining site is left free, protein A, when covalently coupled to stationary supports like agarose or Sepharose beads, provides an excellent reagent for isolating immune complexes or immunoglobulins from a crude solution (,). Protein A has also been useful for separating Fc fragments from Fab fragments after proteolytic di gestion. The advantages of protein A are mainly its stability and specificity. Protein A is stable over a wide pH range (pH 2.0–11.0) and under most denaturing conditions commonly used in chromatography (e.g., 4 M urea, 6 M guanidinium hydrochloride) (). After neutralization or removal of the denaturant, protein A is able to refold and regain its ability to bind Fc regions.
Maternal Levels of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone during Pregnancy in Relation to Adiponectin and Leptin in Early Childhood (2009)

Higher maternal blood levels of CRH were associated with higher levels of adiponectin but unchanged levels of leptin at age 3 yr. The increased adiponectin levels might represent secretion from organs other than fat or reflect a compensatory mechanism to increase insulin sensitivity.
Regulation of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody Production in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells: A Comparative Study of Gene Copy Number, mRNA Level, and Protein Expression (2006)

We performed a comparative analysis on CHO cells with varying recombinant monoclonal antibody production rates (qAb) and investigated the regulation of MAb production. Two families of CHO cells each composed of one parental and two progeny cell lines, generated by stepwise increases in methotrexate (MTX) concentration, were studied. The MAb heavy chain (HC) and light (LC) gene copy numbers and mRNA levels were quantitated by Southern and northern blotting in midexponential growth phase. We observed 2- to 3-fold amplification in gene copy numbers in high producing cell lines when compared with parental cell lines. However, the mRNA levels in the high producers were 5- to 7-fold higher, correlating well with the 5- to 7-fold increase in qAb. These results were confirmed by real-time qPCR analysis. Our study reveals that the MTX-mediated MAb overexpression results from both an increase in the gene copy number and more efficient transcription of each gene copy. We also observed that the HC to LC gene copy ratio may affect the protein yield in MAb expression systems.
Determinants of Enzyme Thermostability Observed in the Molecular Structure ofThermusaquaticusd-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase at 2.5 Å Resolution, (1996)

The crystal structure of holo D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from the extreme thermophile Thermus aquaticus has been solved at 2.5 Angstroms resolution. To study the determinants of thermostability, we compare our structure to four other GAPDHs. Salt links, hydrogen bonds, buried surface area, packing density, surface to volume ratio, and stabilization of alpha-helices and beta-turns are analyzed. We find a strong correlation between thermostability and the number of hydrogen bonds between charged side chains and neutral partners. These charged-neutral hydrogen bonds provide electrostatic stabilization without the heavy desolvation penalty of salt links. The stability of thermophilic GAPDHs is also correlated with the number of intrasubunit salt links and total hydrogen bonds. Charged residues, therefore, play a dual role in stabilization by participating not only in salt links but also in hydrogen bonds with a neutral partner. Hydrophobic effects allow for discrimination between thermophiles and psychrophiles, but not within the GAPDH thermophiles. There is, however, an association between thermostability and decreasing enzyme surface to volume ratio. Finally, we describe several interactions present in both our GAPDH and a hyperthermophilic GAPDH that are absent in the less thermostable GAPDHs. These include a four-residue salt link network, a hydrogen bond near the active site, an intersubunit salt link, and several buried Ile residues.
Determination of optimal angles for variable nutation proton magnetic spin‐lattice, T1, and spin‐spin, T2, relaxation times measurement (2003)

T1 and T2 can be rapidly determined with a combination of multiangle spoiled gradient recalled echo (SPGR) and steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging. Previously, we demonstrated a simple method for determining the set of SPGR and SSFP angles that provided greater T1 and T2 precision than a set of uniformly spaced angles. In this article a more rigorous approach for determining angles is described. Weighted least-squares is also introduced for T1 and T2 estimation and a novel weighting function described. This new approach, suited for imaging applications where large T1 and T2 ranges are anticipated, provides high and uniform precision over a wide range of T1 and T2 values.
A dominant role of acid pH in inflammatory excitation and sensitization of nociceptors in rat skin, in vitro (1995)

A major role of local acidosis in long lasting excitation and sensitization of cutaneous nociceptors has recently been demonstrated. In inflamed tissue, acid pH meets with a mixture of inflammatory mediators which, by themselves, stimulate nociceptors though being subject to profound tachyphylaxis. We have mimicked this condition in a rat skin-saphenous nerve preparation in vitro which allows direct application of chemicals to the isolated receptive fields at the corium side. Stimulant solutions used were CO2-saturated "synthetic interstitial fluid" (CO2-SIF, pH 6.1), and "inflammatory soup" (IS) in submaximal concentration containing bradykinin, 5-HT, histamine, prostaglandin E2 (all 10(-6) M in SIF at 38.5 degrees C and pH 7.0), and a combination made of CO2-saturated IS (CO2-IS, pH 6.1). Identified mechano-heat sensitive ("polymodal") C-fiber terminals (n = 36) were treated with these solutions for 5 min at 10 min intervals or for 30 min of sustained stimulation: 20 units responded to CO2-SIF, 12 to IS, whereas 27 units (75%) were excited by CO2-IS. Thus, 6 out of 15 units insensitive to either of the two basic solutions were stimulated by their combination. This enhanced effect of CO2-IS was also expressed in shorter latencies (than with CO2-SIF) and in a significantly larger mean response magnitude of the fiber population: 152 spikes with the combination versus 45 spikes evoked by IS and 93 spikes by CO2-SIF (n = 25; p < 0.002 and < 0.02, respectively, Wilcoxon test).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis of GnRH analogs having direct antitumor and low LH-releasing activity. (1996)

New chicken I GnRH agonists and antagonists have been synthesized and tested for their biological activities. The common feature of these analogs was that the molecules had a beta-L-aspartyl residue inserted in position 6. The agonist bound to the pituitary still had low endocrinological activity. On the other hand, it exhibited direct antitumor effect in in vitro assays. The endocrinological activity of the antagonist was low; however, it showed potent, direct antitumor activity. These observations might lead to the development of new GnRH analogs with selective antitumor effect.
<title>Lens-coupled laser-diode module integrated on silicon platform</title> (1996)

We have realized a highly efficient optical-coupling scheme and simple fabrication structure for laser-diode module by using a new assembly technique. In our module, laser-diode, GRIN rod lens, and single-mode fiber were hybridly integrated on a silicon platform by a passive alignment method. Accurate positioning of the laser in a lateral direction was achieved through the use of a center and side fiducial markers etched onto silicon dioxide film on the silicon platform. Lens and single-mode fibers were set into a V-groove in front of the center marker formed by an anisotropic etching process. The relative height in vertical direction between the lens and the fiber was determined by widths of the V-groove taking account of layer thickness of solder and the laser. Finally, axial positioning of the lens and the fiber were determined using markers on both sides of the V-groove, and the V-grooved lid was used to fix the lens and the fiber using PbSn solder. We attained a highly efficient coupling (coupling loss less than 3 dB) and simple assembly process using GRIN rod lens by a novel passive alignment, leading to low cost and excellent productivity.
Electrochemical Therapy of Tumors (2013)

Application of electric current for the tumor destruction has a long time history. The theory of the direct galvanic current (galvanotherapy, GT) is worked out by B. Nordenstrom in the frame of biologically closed electric circuits (BCECs). Later, GT was extended by chemical considerations (EChT), and, starting with pioneering work of Professor Xin Yu Ling, a wide, intensive application had been developed in China. My objective is showing the principles and practice of the EChT treatment modality for multiple advanced lesions.
DNA Minor Groove Binding-Directed Poisoning of Human DNA Topoisomerase I by Terbenzimidazoles (1998)

We have employed a broad range of spectroscopic, calorimetric, DNA cleavage, and DNA winding/unwinding measurements to characterize the DNA binding and topoisomerase I (TOP1) poisoning properties of three terbenzimidazole analogues, 5-phenylterbenzimidazole (5PTB), terbenzimidazole (TB), and 5-(naphthyl[2,3-d]imidazo-2-yl)bibenzimidazole (5NIBB), which differ with respect to the substitutions at their C5 and/or C6 positions. Our results reveal the following significant features. (i) The overall extent to which the three terbenzimidazole analogues poison human TOP1 follows the hierarchy 5PTB > TB >> 5NIBB. (ii) The impact of the three terbenzimidazole analogues on the superhelical state of plasmid DNA depends on the [total ligand] to [base pair] ratio (rbp), having no effect on DNA superhelicity at rbp ratios < or = 0.1, while weakly unwinding DNA at rbp ratios > 0.1. This weak DNA unwinding activity exhibited by the three terbenzimidazoles does not appear to be correlated with the abilities of these compounds to poison TOP1. (iii) Upon complexation with both poly(dA).poly(dT) and salmon testes DNA, the three terbenzimidazole analogues exhibit flow linear dichroism properties characteristic of a minor groove-directed mode of binding to these host DNA duplexes. (iv) The apparent minor groove binding affinities of the three terbenzimidazole analogues for the d(GA4T4C)2 duplex follow a qualitatively similar hierarchy to that noted above for ligand-induced poisoning of human TOP1-namely, 5PTB > TB > 5NIBB. In the aggregate, our results suggest that DNA minor groove binding, but not DNA unwinding, is important in the poisoning of TOP1 by terbenzimidazoles.
Analysis of the effects of quantization in multilayer neural networks using a statistical model (1992)

A statistical quantization model is used to analyze the effects of quantization when digital techniques are used to implement a real-valued feedforward multilayer neural network. In this process, a parameter called the effective nonlinearity coefficient, which is important in the studying of quantization effects, is introduced. General statistical formulations of the performance degradation of the neural network caused by quantization are developed as functions of the quantization parameters. The formulations predict that the network's performance degradation gets worse when the number of bits is decreased; that a change of the number of hidden units in a layer has no effect on the degradation; that for a constant effective nonlinearity coefficient and number of bits, an increase in the number of layers leads to worse performance degradation; and the number of bits in successive layers can be reduced if the neurons of the lower layer are nonlinear.
A practical scheme for non-interactive verifiable secret sharing (1987)

This paper presents an extremely efficient, non-interactive protocol for verifiable secret sharing. Verifiable secret sharing (VSS) is a way of bequeathing information to a set of processors such that a quorum of processors is needed to access the information. VSS is a fundamental tool of cryptography and distributed computing. Seemingly difficult problems such as secret bidding, fair voting, leader election, and flipping a fair coin have simple one-round reductions to VSS. There is a constant-round reduction from Byzantine Agreement to non-interactive VSS. Non-interactive VSS provides asynchronous networks with a constant-round simulation of simultaneous broadcast networks whenever even a bare majority of processors are good. VSS is constantly repeated in the simulation of fault-free protocols by faulty systems. As verifiable secret sharing is a bottleneck for so many results, it is essential to find efficient solutions.
Oestrogenic activity and metabolism of certain isoflavones in sheep (1967)

Pure genistein, biochanin A, and formononetin when administered to ovariectomized ewes by intraruminal (i/r) infusion appear to have oestrogenic activities of the same order. Coumestrol given similarly has activity about 15 times as great. Genistein, biochanin A, and coumestrol appear to be considerably less active when given i/r than when injected intramuscularly (i/m), but formononetin is more active i/r than i/m. This may be related to the lower solubility of formononetin. Examination of the urinary phenols before and after treatment showed that almost all the administered isofiavone underwent metabolic degradation. Genistein and biochanin A appeared to be largely excreted as p-ethylphenol, but only about 5% of the formononetin was accounted for as detectable metabolites, of which a major one was equol.
Synthesis and properties of polyurethanes derived from bis‐N‐hydroxyimides and diisocyanates (1979)

Abstract Polyurethanes were synthesized by polyaddition reaction of bis‐ N ‐hydroxyimides and diisocyanates. The reactions were carried out in an aprotic polar solvent such as dimethylacetamide or N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, and the polymers with inherent viscosities of up to 1.32 dl/g were obtained. These polyurethanes were found to exhibit high reactivity toward nucleophiles such as water and amines, which brought about rapid reduction of viscosity. The stabilities against heat and exposure to sunlight were also studied.
Music Structure Segmentation Algorithm Evaluation: Expanding On Mirex 2010 Analyses And Datasets. (2011)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
AMP-activated protein kinase and ATP-citrate lyase are two distinct molecular targets for ETC-1002, a novel small molecule regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism (2012)

ETC-1002 (8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid) is a novel investigational drug being developed for the treatment of dyslipidemia and other cardio-metabolic risk factors. The hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-obesity, and glucose-lowering properties of ETC-1002, characterized in preclinical disease models, are believed to be due to dual inhibition of sterol and fatty acid synthesis and enhanced mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation. However, the molecular mechanism(s) mediating these activities remained undefined. Studies described here show that ETC-1002 free acid activates AMP-activated protein kinase in a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase β-independent and liver kinase β 1-dependent manner, without detectable changes in adenylate energy charge. Furthermore, ETC-1002 is shown to rapidly form a CoA thioester in liver, which directly inhibits ATP-citrate lyase. These distinct molecular mechanisms are complementary in their beneficial effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with these mechanisms, ETC-1002 treatment reduced circulating proatherogenic lipoproteins, hepatic lipids, and body weight in a hamster model of hyperlipidemia, and it reduced body weight and improved glycemic control in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. ETC-1002 offers promise as a novel therapeutic approach to improve multiple risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and benefit patients with cardiovascular disease.
Deteccao de defeitos via redes neurais. Aplicacao: sistema de ar secundario de uma caldeira de recuperacao quimica (2008)

The industrial processes are becoming even more unmanned and dependent on the control components and the way to improve the reliability of the processes is to guarantee the reliability and robustness of these process components. However, a defect free process can not be guaranteed. Defects in control systems can show up in an abrupt or slow (incipient) way. The last one provokes a gradual loss of performance in the process and are extremely difficult to detect as its effects are covered up by the handled variables of the control loops. This paper proposes a method for de detection of incipient defects in components of the control systems through the use of neural networks. The development of this paper was split into two steps: i) the first was devoted to monitoring and ii) classifying. In the first step the almost static behaviour of the system was modelled in neural networks. The comparison between the inferred variable by the model and measurement in the process generated a residue value. In the second step the second neural networks, the classification type, was built to analyze the residue. The training process of this neural networks was carried out with two types of data base, i) where there were no defects and ii) where there were defects in one of the process control system gauges. Due to the difficulty in inserting defects in critical processes during its normal operation, it was proposed a method for the generation of defects through the simulation of them by using a developed neural model. The method has been applied at the secondary air system of a chemical recovery boiler in the pulp and paper industry. Both neural networks were programmed in excel software platform to make the continuous monitoring of the productive process possible. The Plant Information (PI), a commercial software, was used for the continuous in feed of process data in excel. The choice for the excel platform and the PI system was based on the availability of the software at the plant where the system was built and also for the ease of use by the process operational technicians. The system was used for the continuous monitoring of the process for two months of normal operation and the rate of false alarms was of 4.0%. Errors up to 20% were simulated at the manipulated variables of the control system to test the performance of the method. Within the range of 10% of simulated errors the rate of detection of defects was of 97.1%.
Uric Acid, Xanthine Oxidase and Other Risk Factors of Hypertension in Normotensive Subjects (1996)

Uric acid produced by xanthine oxidase (also a source of superoxide radicals) has been known to increase in hypertensive patients. In this study we evaluated the possible involvement of uric acid and xanthine oxidase in the pathogenesis of hypertension by examining their association with mean arterial pressure (MAP) and factors related to blood pressure. These factors include age, quetelet index (weight/height2), cholesterol, creatinine, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and urea. Fifty Two (male-19, female-33) normal healthy individuals were studied. Correlation studies of demographic variables showed that age was positively correlated with MAP [r = 0.309, p = 0.026] and cholesterol [r = 0.503, p = 0.000] while quetelet index was positively correlated with age [r = 422, p = 0.000] MAP [r = 0.331, p = 0.016] and xanthine oxidase [r = 0.331, p = 0.016]. MAP was positively correlated with uric acid [r = 0.511, p = 0.000], cholesterol [r = 0.492, p = 0.000] and xanthine oxidase enzyme activity [r = 0.388, p = 0.004] and negatively correlated with plasma calcium [r = 0.603, p = 0.000]. Correlation studies of measured parameters with uric acid and xanthine oxidase showed that uric acid was positively correlated with creatinine [r = 0.627, p = 0.000], plasma magnesium [r 0.442, p = 0.001] and negatively correlated with plasma calcium [r = 0.546, p = 0.000] while xanthine oxidase was negatively correlated with plasma calcium [r = -0.404, p = 0.003] and plasma sodium [r = -0.288, p = 0.038]. Stepwise multiple regression with MAP as dependent variable showed that 65% of total variability of blood pressure can be accounted for by plasma calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, plasma K, plasma Na, uric acid and xanthine oxidase in order of increasing R2 [xanthine oxidase: T-value = 3.26, R2 = 0.653]. It can be concluded that in normotensive subjects, uric acid and xanthine oxidase have significant association with blood pressure and thus are one of the many factors which are involved in the cause or effect of hypertension.
Asymmetric Hydroformylation of Olefins in Highly Crosslinked Polymer Matrixes (1999)

Abstract When polymer-immobilized chiral phosphine-phosphite–Rh(I) complexes were used, the asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene gave 2- and 3-phenylpropanals with a substrate/catalyst ratio of 2000, iso/normal ratios of 84/16 to 89/11, and 89% R enantiomeric excess of 2-phenylpropanal; these results were at the highest level in catalytic activity, regio-, and enantioselectivities. Recovery-reuse of the catalyst was examined. Asymmetric hydroformylation of vinyl acetate, (Z)-2-butene, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropene was also successfully performed with the polymer-supported catalysts.
Expression of cyclo-oxygenase 2 in rat brain following kainate treatment (1995)

The transcriptional expression of the mitogen-inducible cyclo-oxygenase (COX-2) was investigated by in situ hybridization of kainate-treated rat brains. Kainate treatment rapidly induced COX-2 mRNA in neurons throughout the forebrain which was blocked by pretreatment with MK-801 or NBQX. Transient expression of COX-2 mRNA lasting about 8 h occurred in areas that were resistant to neuronal necrosis, while COX-2 mRNA expression persisted for 24-72 h in regions that were vulnerable. These results show that seizures result in increased COX-2 expression and support the hypothesis that COX-2 could be an important factor in the pathogenesis of delayed neuronal necrosis due to kainate excitotoxicity.
The poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic atherogenic animal model (1997)

We are attempting to develop a chemically-induced murine model for the study of atherosclerosis. Injection of poloxamer-407 (P-407) into rats and mice causes significant dose-dependent hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyglyceridemia. The elevated triglycerides (TG) seem to result primarily from the compound's inhibition of lipoprotein lipase. P-407 also indirectly stimulates the activity of the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol (CHOL) biosynthesis, HMG CoA reductase. In addition, P-407 promotes changes in the concentration of hepatic CHOL content. These date indicate that the hyper CHOL could be the result of increased CHOL synthesis, as well as a clearing of CHOL from the liver. Chronic injection into mice of P-407 for 145 d produced atherogenic lesions in the aortas of C57BL/6 mice. The response was equivalent to that seen in animals eating a high CHOL diet for 145 d. Cholic acid potentiated the P-407-induced atherogenesis. These data suggest that P-407 could be used as an agent for the study of hyperlipidemia-induced atherogenesis.