gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MSH2 and MLH1 mutations in sporadic replication error‐positive colorectal carcinoma as assessed by two‐dimensional DNA electrophoresis (1997)

Replication errors (RER) are frequently seen in both sporadic and hereditary forms of colorectal cancer. In hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), RER is associated with defects in DNA mismatch repair genes. Two of these genes, MSH2 and MLH1, account for a major share of this cancer syndrome. In order to assess the role of these genes in sporadic RER+ colorectal carcinoma, we have carried out a mutation analysis of MSH2 and MLH1 by two-dimensional (2-D) DNA electrophoresis, including heteroduplexing and separation in a denaturing gradient. All exons were amplified using multiplex PCR and were separated on the basis of both size and base pair composition under a single set of experimental conditions. Exons showing a spot position different from normal were sequenced. In screening 33 unselected, sporadic RER+ colorectal tumors, a germline mutation accompanied by loss of heterozygosity in tumor tissue was found in two patients. They were among the 4 patients out of the 33 screened that were diagnosed before the age of 50 years. In 8 of the remaining 31 tumors (26%), presence of somatic mutations (9 in total) could be demonstrated. While suggesting involvement of other genes in a substantial part of sporadic RER+ colorectal carcinomas, our results also demonstrate a clear role of MSH2 and MLH1 in these sporadic tumors and show that young sporadic RER+ colorectal carcinoma patients have a high probability of germline mutations. This has important implications for genetic testing and management of young colorectal cancer patients and their families. Genes Chromosom. Cancer 18:269–278, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
R&D Efficiency and Firm Size in the Japanese Pharmaceutical Industry (2007)

This paper investigates whether research and development (R&D) capital and firm size affect R&D output, using patent data of 37 Japanese pharmaceutical firms during 1992-2003. In this paper, count data models for panel data are used to estimate the effects of firm size on R&D efficiency. The findings indicate that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between R&D efficiency and firm size, and R&D efficiency increases to some extent with firm size.
Automatic Chessboard Detection for Intrinsic and Extrinsic Camera Parameter Calibration (2010)

There are increasing applications that require precise calibration of cameras to perform accurate measurements on objects located within images, and an automatic algorithm would reduce this time consuming calibration procedure. The method proposed in this article uses a pattern similar to that of a chess board, which is found automatically in each image, when no information regarding the number of rows or columns is supplied to aid its detection. This is carried out by means of a combined analysis of two Hough transforms, image corners and invariant properties of the perspective transformation. Comparative analysis with more commonly used algorithms demonstrate the viability of the algorithm proposed, as a valuable tool for camera calibration.
Improved Antibody Targeting with Interferon-??-2b Conjugate (1997)

This investigation is based on a hypothesis that a biological response modifier, interferon-alpha-2b (IFN), when conjugated with a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and given to tumor-bearing animals before the administration of radiolabeled mAb, may not only augment the tumor uptake but may also impede the liver and blood uptake, because the mAb associated with the conjugate may block nonspecific hepatic binding sites and scavenge circulating antigens. ME 31.3 and anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) F-6 (IgG-2a) specific for human melanoma and colorectal carcinoma, respectively, were chosen as prototype mAbs and conjugated with IFN-alpha-2b for evaluation in athymic nude mice bearing respective experimental tumors. The mAb specificity for the tumor cell line was examined by binding assays and Kd values were determined to be 1.96 x 10(-9) M and 5.9 x 10(-9) M for ME 31.3 and anti-CEA F-6, respectively. Thirty micrograms of conjugate, prepared chemically and purified chromatographically (IFN-mAb:1:1), was administered intravenously to each animal and 3 h later followed by an intravenous injection of 20 micrograms F(ab')2 of corresponding mAb labeled with 300 muCi Tc-99m (1.5 Ci/mmol). Twenty-four hours later, in melanoma-bearing animals, not only did the tumor uptake increase, but also the liver uptake decreased by 75%. Tumor/muscle and tumor/blood ratios also enhanced by 200 and 500%, respectively. Consistent with ME 31.3, the tumor uptake with anti-CEA F-6 also increased (p = 0.00) and the liver uptake decreased (p = 0.01). Similarly, tumor/muscle (p = 0.01) and tumor/blood (p = 0.02) ratios also increased significantly. Results indicate that IFN:mAb conjugate may improve diagnostic and therapeutic potential of mAbs, and is worthy of further studies.
Cytotoxic Actions of FTY720, a Novel Immunosuppressant, on Thymocytes and Brain Neurons Dissociated From the Rat (1998)

Effects of FTY720 (2-amino-2-(2-[4-octylphenyl]ethyl)-1,3-propanediol HCl), a novel immunosuppressant, were examined on neurons and thymocytes respectively dissociated from rat brains and thymus glands using a flow cytometer to see if FTY720 exerts cytotoxic actions not only on spleen cells as previously reported but also on the other cells. FTY720 at a concentration of 10 microM deteriorated almost all of the thymocytes, while it was not the case for brain neurons. FTY720 increased the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) of thymocytes in both the presence and absence of external Ca2+, although the [Ca2+]i increased by FTY720 in the presence of external Ca2+ was much greater than that in the absence of external Ca2+. Thus, FTY720 may increase the membrane permeability of Ca2+ and release Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores in thymocytes. Furthermore, the number of thymocytes stained with ethidium, a dye impermeant to intact membranes, time-dependently increased after drug application. Therefore, FTY720 at concentrations of 3 - 10 microM non-specifically increases the membrane permeability of thymocytes, resulting in necrotic cell death, although FTY720 at micromolar concentrations was reported to induce apoptosis of spleen cells.
TBAF-Catalyzed Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles under Solventless Conditions (2004)

Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) is an efficient catalyst in the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of organic nitriles 1 with trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN(3)) in solventless conditions. The corresponding 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles 2 were obtained under mild conditions and in 80-97% yields.
Of CARs and TRUCKs: chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered with an inducible cytokine to modulate the tumor stroma (2013)

Adoptive T-cell therapy recently achieved impressive efficacy in early phase trials, in particular in hematologic malignancies, strongly supporting the notion that the immune system can control cancer. A current strategy of favor is based on ex vivo-engineered patient T cells, which are redirected by a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and recognize a predefined target by an antibody-derived binding domain. Such CAR T cells can substantially reduce the tumor burden as long as the targeted antigen is present on the cancer cells. However, given the tremendous phenotypic diversity in solid tumor lesions, a reasonable number of cancer cells are not recognized by a given CAR, considerably reducing the therapeutic success. This article reviews a recently described strategy for overcoming this shortcoming of the CAR T-cell therapy by modulating the tumor stroma by a CAR T-cell-secreted transgenic cytokine like interleukin-12 (IL-12). The basic process is that CAR T cells, when activated by their CAR, deposit IL-12 in the targeted tumor lesion, which in turn attracts an innate immune cell response toward those cancer cells that are invisible to CAR T cells. Such TRUCKs, T cells redirected for universal cytokine-mediated killing, exhibited remarkable efficacy against solid tumors with diverse cancer cell phenotypes, suggesting their evaluation in clinical trials.
A randomized, double-blind trial assessing the efficacy and safety of sublingual metopimazine and ondansetron in the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced delayed emesis (2006)

The authors would like to apologize for the following errors in their original article 1]. The first author Slimane Khamales was omitted from the author list. The correct author list appears below. Slimane Khamalesa, Anne Bethune-Voltersb, Jean Chidiacc, Okba Bensaoulab, Antonio Delgadod and Mario Di Palmaa aOncology Department, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, bOncology Department, Centre René Huguenin, St Cloud, cOncology Department, Centre René Gaducheau, Saint Herbain, dSchwarz Pharma, Boulogne, France
Growth and characterisation of semiconductors : papers contributing to a short course (1990)

The basis of epitaxy, D.W.Pashley metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) for the preparation of semiconductor materials and devices, J.O.Williams growth of thin films and heterostructures of III-V compounds by molecular beam epitaxy, C.T.Foxon and B.A.Joyce scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microcharacteization of semiconducting materials and devices, D.B.Holt depth profiling of semiconductor materials by secondary ion mass spectrometry, J.B.Clegg infrared and magnetic resonance studies of impurities and defects, R.C.Newman photoluminescence characterization, E.C.Lightowlers hall magnetoresistance and infrared conductivity measurements, R.A.Stradling characterization of semiconductors by capacitance methods, D.W.Palmer high resolution electron microscopy of semiconductors, J.L.Hutchison.
Use of a novel colony assay to evaluate the cytotoxicity of an immunotoxin containing pokeweed antiviral protein against blast progenitor cells freshly obtained from patients with common B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (1986)

We report a novel colony assay for B-lineage progenitor cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The primary plating efficiency of blast progenitors freshly obtained from common B-lineage ALL patients varied between 0.09 and 2.63%. Morphological, cytochemical, and immunological analyses of cells from day 7 colonies provided the evidence that they are B-lineage lymphoblasts. Immunological marker analyses of cultured blasts using BA-2 (anti-CD9), BA-3 (anti-CD10), BA-1 (anti-CD24), and B43 mAb have allowed us to define two distinct immunological groups. The first group had BA-2+, BA-3+, BA-1+, B43+ marker profiles, consistent with the phenotype of uncultured bone marrow blasts. The second group differed in that the cells in the blast colonies were BA-3 (anti-CD10)-negative, although many of the cells in the bulk population were BA-3+ before culture. Blasts from both groups were able to proliferate and form secondary colonies when recultured. A pan-B immunotoxin was synthesized by linking B43, a human B cell-specific mAb, to pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP). This study showed that B43-PAP can effectively eradicate leukemic progenitor cells freshly obtained from patients with common B-lineage ALL. B43-PAP eliminated greater than 99.96% of blast progenitors under conditions in which only minimal inhibition of normal bone marrow progenitor cells (CFU-GM, CFU-E, CFU-MK, CFU-GEMM) was observed. Our results establish that the surface determinant recognized by B43 is expressed on B-lineage progenitor cells in ALL, and that these cells are sensitive to PAP at the ribosomal level. To our knowledge, B43-PAP is the first IT to prove effective against common B-lineage ALL cells.
Two cases of hepatitis B in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis with ustekinumab. (2012)

Continued monitoring of liver-related adverse events in clinical trials, registries, and spontaneous reporting from the postmarketing setting will further contribute to understanding the role of ustekinumab in viral hepatitis.
Effect of losartan on haematology and haemorheology in elderly patients with essential hypertension: a pilot study. (1995)

This small open study in elderly patients with essential hypertension investigated the effects of the angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonist on red blood cell haematology and haemorheology. Administration of losartan over a 1-year period was not associated with a significant reduction in haemoglobin or plasma erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations and haemorheological indices remained unchanged. These findings are in contrast to similar studies with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors that have shown a significant reduction in erythropoietic activity and a decrease in blood viscosity. Our results indicate therefore that blocking the angiotensin II AT1 receptor does not affect erythropoiesis. Losartan has no adverse haemorheological effects and was associated with a small and statistically insignificant decrease in blood viscosity.
Immunization and Arthritis (1972)

Arthritis has been reported as a rare complication after immunization with various vaccines. After the administration of rubella virus vaccine, arthritis has been a relatively frequent complication, particularly in adolescent girls and young women. In connection with intensive immunization, rheumatoid factor has been transiently observed in both animals and human beings. The immunopathological implications of this phenomenon are poorly understood. Caution is indicated as regards intensive immunization which may be connected with unknown hazards.
Upstream regions of the human cardiac actin gene that modulate its transcription in muscle cells: presence of an evolutionarily conserved repeated motif. (1986)

Transfection into cultured cell lines was used to investigate the transcriptional regulation of the human cardiac actin gene. We first demonstrated that in both human heart and human skeletal muscle, cardiac actin mRNAs initiate at the identical site and contain the same first exon, which is separated from the first coding exon by an intron of 700 base pairs. A region of 485 base pairs upstream from the transcription initiation site of the human cardiac actin gene directs high-level transient expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in differentiated myotubes of the mouse C2C12 muscle cell line, but not in mouse L fibroblast or rat PC-G2 pheochromocytoma cells. Deletion analysis of this region showed that at least two physically separated sequence elements are involved, a distal one starting between -443 and -395 and a proximal one starting between -177 and -118, and suggested that these sequences interact with positively acting transcriptional factors in muscle cells. When these two sequence elements are inserted separately upstream of a heterologous (simian virus 40) promoter, they do not affect transcription but do give a small (four- to fivefold) stimulation when tested together. Overall, these regulatory regions upstream of the cap site of the human cardiac actin gene show remarkably high sequence conservation with the equivalent regions of the mouse and chick genes. Furthermore, there is an evolutionarily conserved repeated motif that may be important in the transcriptional regulation of actin and other contractile protein genes.
Organic Surface Modification of Silicon Nanowire-Based Sensor Devices (2011)

This chapter focuses on surface modification strategies of SiNW-based devices. Our review concentrates on electrical devices that consist of in-plane orientated SiNWs, which are positioned between two ohmic contacts, often referred to as source and drain.
Multitargeted Approach Using Antisense Oligonucleotides for the Treatment of Asthma (2006)

Asthma is characterized by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness related to the accumulation of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, within the airways. We tested the hypothesis that a multitargeted approach is better than a single-targeted approach in a rat model of asthma. We simultaneously delivered oligonucleotides (ODNs) targeting the chemokine receptor CCR3 and the common beta chain subunit of the receptors for IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF at the time of ovalbumin challenge in sensitized Brown Norway rats. Fewer eosinophils were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of rats treated with both ODNs as compared to each ODN alone. Moreover, airway responsiveness to LTD(4) was significantly decreased at lower doses in the 2 ODN-treated groups compared to a single ODN. As ODN therapy has raised concerns of toxicity we therefore examined ODNs prepared with modified DNA bases, specifically 2'amino, 2'deoxyadenosine (DAP) in place of adenosine. In vivo, administration of individual DAP-ODN was efficacious in inhibiting airway hyperresponsiveness, whereas delivery of 2 DAP-ODNs (targeting CCR3 and common beta chain) reduced the influx not only of eosinophils but also lymphocytes and macrophages in the lungs of rats as compared to the unmodified ODNs. Blocking multiple inflammatory pathways simultaneously is more effective in preventing eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness than inhibiting either pathway alone. The challenges associated with the development of a product containing two oligonucleotides in humans are discussed.
Strategies for Cloning Mammalian DNA Repair Genes (2003)

During the last 20 years, the cloning and identification of DNA repair genes in bacteria, yeast, human, mouse, and other organisms have been an expanding enterprise. Gene/cDNA isolation and analysis is a critical step toward discovering gene/protein function by enabling subsequent characterization of over-expressed and purified recombinant protein, and by providing information about gene structure that can be used to prepare gene targeting vectors. Although most of the human genes have been identified for nucleotide excision repair (NER) (), there probably remain to be discovered numerous genes that act in recombinational repair and in processes that coordinate the cellular response to DNA damage with respect to the cell division cycle. Only a few human cell-cycle checkpoint genes have been reported, and mammalian genes that correspond closely in function to the RAD6 epistasis group in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are notably lacking. Although two human homologs of RAD6 were identified (), their functions appear to involve chromatin modification rather than response to DNA damage (). This chapter reviews the wide variety of gene cloning strategies, which have seen varying degrees of success, and comments on their relative merits.
Synthesen unter Verwendung von Benzofuroxan (1975)

Die Synthesen heterocyclischer Verbindungen wie z.B. Chinoxalin-di-N-oxide (II) ferner Phenazin-di-N-oxide, Benzimidazol-N-oxide, 1,3-Dihydroxy-benzimidazolinone und 3-Amino-benzo-1,2,4-triazin-1,4-di-oxide,ausgehend von Benzofuroxan (I),werden in diesem Ubersichtsartikel ausfuhrlich und umfassend beschrieben.
Statistical process control implementation for GaAs integrated circuit fabrication (1992)

The author describes the important gains to be made by employing statistical process control (SPC) in GaAs IC manufacturing, provides a brief introduction to the important concepts of SPC, reviews the elements necessary for successful SPC implementation, and gives an overview of SPC implementation at a GaAs IC fabrication facility. It is noted that methodical application of SPC techniques to the manufacture of GaAs ICs reduces product variability and ultimately cost and yield through control of critical process parameters. Successful implementation depends on management commitment and training for all who are working with the system. Benefits are realized by using SPC measurement indices to identify problem areas, and then by application of control charts, designed experiments, and appropriate process modifications to reduce variation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Human mast cell tryptase: multiple cDNAs and genes reveal a multigene serine protease family. (1990)

Three different cDNAs and a gene encoding human skin mast cell tryptase have been cloned and sequenced in their entirety. The deduced amino acid sequences reveal a 30-amino acid prepropeptide followed by a 245-amino acid catalytic domain. The C-terminal undecapeptide of the human preprosequence is identical in dog tryptase and appears to be part of a prosequence unique among serine proteases. The differences among the three human tryptase catalytic domains include the loss of a consensus N-glycosylation site in one cDNA, which may explain some of the heterogeneity in size and susceptibility to deglycosylation seen in tryptase preparations. All three tryptase cDNAs are distinct from a recently reported cDNA obtained from a human lung mast cell library. A skin tryptase cDNA was used to isolate a human tryptase gene, the exons of which match one of the skin-derived cDNAs. The organization of the approximately 1.8-kilobase-pair tryptase gene is unique and is not closely related to that of any other mast cell or leukocyte serine protease. The 5' regulatory regions of the gene share features with those of other serine proteases, including mast cell chymase, but are unusual in being separated from the protein-coding sequence by an intron. High-stringency hybridization of a human genomic DNA blot with a fragment of the tryptase gene confirms the presence of multiple tryptase genes. These findings provide genetic evidence that human mast cell tryptases are the products of a multigene family.
Spontaneous Mass and Charge Losses from Single Multi-Megadalton Ions Studied by Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry (2017)

Spontaneous mass and charge losses from individual multi-megadalton ions have been observed with charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) by trapping single hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsids for 3 s. Gradual increases in the oscillation frequency of single ions in the ion trap are attributed mainly to mass loss (probably solvent, water, and/or salt). The total mass lost during the 3 s trapping period peaks at around 20 kDa for 4 MDa HBV T = 4 capsids. Discrete frequency drops punctuate the gradual increases in the oscillation frequencies. The drops are attributed to a sudden loss of charge. In most cases a single positive charge is lost along with some mass (on average around 1000 Da). Charge loss occurs for over 40% of the trapped ions. It usually occurs near the beginning of the trapping event, and it occurs preferentially in regions of the trap with strong electric fields, indicating that external electric fields promote charge loss. This process may contribute to the decrease in m/z resolution that often occurs with megadalton ions. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Detection of HIV-1 in human lung macrophages using the polymerase chain reaction (1990)

We have used the polymerase chain reaction to investigate HIV-1 infection of lung macrophages from 44 AIDS patients with pneumonia. Proviral HIV-1 DNA was detected in the lung macrophages of 47% (21 of 44) of patients tested; 32% (seven of 21) of the patients had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and 56% (11 of 21) had pneumonia caused by other aetiological agents. Matched peripheral blood specimens were obtained from 22 patients in this study, and HIV-1-specific DNA was detected in 100% (22 out of 22) of non-adherent white cell preparations tested. HIV was detected in blood monocytes of 11 out of 22 patients (50%), and a virus signal was also found in the lung macrophages of eight of these patients. Our results indicate that PCP does not predispose lung macrophages to HIV-1, nor does HIV-1 infection of lung macrophages increase the probability of contracting PCP.