gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated photothermal flow cytometry in vivo (2005)

The capability of integrated flow cytometry to detect, in real time, moving cells in their natural states in vivo is demonstrated in a study of circulating red and white blood cells in lymph and blood flow of rat mesentery. This system combines dual pump-probe photothermal (PT) techniques, such as PT imaging, the PT thermolens method, and PT velocimetry, with high-resolution (up to 0.3 microm), high-speed (up to 1000 fps) transmission digital microscopy (TDM) and fluorescence imaging. All PT techniques are based on irradiation of cells in rat mesenteric microvessels with a spectrally tunable laser pulse (420 to 570 nm, 8 ns, 0.1 to 300 microJ) and on detection of temperature-dependent variations of the refractive index with a second continuous probe laser beam (633 nm, 1.4 mW). We focus on intravital monitoring of the integral PT response from single, moving, unlabeled cells (from 100 to 500 cells in one measurement). Potential in vivo applications of this new optical tool, called PT flow cytometry (PTFC), are discussed, including identification of selected cells with differences in natural absorptive properties and sizes, determination of laser-induced cell damage, estimation of flow velocity, and monitoring of circulating cells labeled with PT probes.
Transcellular transport of fluorescein in hepatocyte monolayers: evidence for functional polarity of cells in culture. (1982)

The rat liver in vivo transfers bile salts, proteins, and dyes from blood into bile. It is the purpose of this communication to demonstrate the maintenance of this transcellular transport in cultured adult rat hepatocytes. Two minutes after adding fluorescein (20 microgram/ml) to the culture medium, maximal cellular fluorescence was observed through the fluorescence microscope. Subsequently, intercellular clefts showed a steadily increasing fluorescence with a maximum between 5 and 20 min, resulting in a brightly fluorescent network of intercellular gaps. The following observations are taken as evidence that these findings reflect cellular uptake and canalicular secretion of the dye. First, the same sequence of observations was made upon addition of fluorescein diacetate (a nonfluorescent precursor of fluorescein), proving that the compound had been taken up and metabolized in the cells to fluorescein before secretion into intercellular clefts. Second, preincubation of the monolayers with the cholestatic bile salt taurolithocholate (100 mumol/liter) suppressed almost completely intercellular but not cellular fluorescence. It is concluded that hepatocytes in culture show a functional polarity permitting the transcellular transport of substances bound for biliary secretion.
Macrophage colony‐stimulating factor is expressed in neuron and microglia after focal brain injury (2001)

In a previous study, we have demonstrated that damaged neurons within a boundary area around necrosis fall into delayed neuronal death owing to the cytotoxic effect of microglial nitric oxide (NO), and these neurons are finally eliminated by activated microglia. In this process, microglia are activated to release NO, increase in number, and accumulate toward the damaged area. In this study, we investigated the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF, also called colony stimulating factor-1; CSF-1) and other cytokines, which are reported to relate to activation, proliferation, or migration of microglia. The mRNA of M-CSF arose biphasically from 30 min to 1 hr and from 6 to 72 hr after the injury, as demonstrated by semiquantitative RT-PCR. However, another cytokine of granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) or interleukin-3 (IL-3), which causes proliferation of microglia in vitro, was not detected. From immunohistochemical studies, positive staining of M-CSF was observed mainly in neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-positive cells from 1 to 12 hr after the injury, and after that M-CSF became positive in Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin-B4 (GSA-I-B4)-positive cells from 24 to 72 hr in the boundary area around necrosis. These results suggest that neurons around the damaged area express M-CSF in the early phase after injury, which may initially activate microglia, and these activated microglia also express M-CSF later, causing further proliferation or migration of microglia themselves to eliminate damaged neurons or necrotic brain tissue.
Generalized Formula for the Electric Tunnel Effect between Similar Electrodes Separated by a Thin Insulating Film (1963)

A formula is derived for the electric tunnel effect through a potential barrier of arbitrary shape existing in a thin insulating film. The formula is applied to a rectangular barrier with and without image forces. In the image force problem, the true image potential is considered and compared to the approximate parabolic solution derived by Holm and Kirschstein. The anomalies associated with Holm's expression for the intermediate voltage characteristic are resolved. The effect of the dielectric constant of the insulating film is discussed in detail, and it is shown that this constant affects the temperature dependence of the J-V characteristic of a tunnel junction.
Polymer Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of MicroRNA Inhibition and Alternative Splicing (2012)

The crux of current RNA-based therapeutics relies on association of synthetic nucleic acids with cellular RNA targets. Antisense oligonucleotide binding to mature microRNA and splicing junctions on pre-mRNA represent methods of gene therapy that respectively inhibit microRNA-mediated gene regulation and induce alternative splicing. We have developed biodegradable polymer nanoparticles, which are coated with cell-penetrating peptides, that can effectively deliver chemically modified oligonucleotide analogues to achieve these forms of gene regulation. We found that this nanoparticle system could block the activity of the oncogenic microRNA, miR-155, as well as modulate splicing to attenuate the expression of the proto-oncogene, Mcl-1. Regulation of these genes in human cancer cells reduced cell viability and produced pro-apoptotic effects. These findings establish polymer nanoparticles as delivery vectors for nonconventional forms of gene therapy activated by cellular delivery of RNA-targeted molecules, which have strong therapeutic implications.
Red Xylem and Higher Lignin Extractability by Down-Regulating a Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Poplar (1996)

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the lignin precursors, the monolignols. We have down-regulated CAD in transgenic poplar (Populus tremula X Populus alba) by both antisense and co-suppression strategies. Several antisense and sense CAD transgenic poplars had an approximately 70% reduced CAD activity that was associated with a red coloration of the xylem tissue. Neither the lignin amount nor the lignin monomeric composition (syringyl/guaiacyl) were significantly modified. However, phloroglucinol-HCl staining was different in the down-regulated CAD plants, suggesting changes in the number of aldehyde units in the lignin. Furthermore, the reactivity of the cell wall toward alkali treatment was altered: a lower amount of lignin was found in the insoluble, saponified residue and more lignin could be precipitated from the soluble alkali fraction. Moreover, large amounts of phenolic compounds, vanillin and especially syringaldehyde, were detected in the soluble alkali fraction of the CAD down-regulated poplars. Alkaline pulping experiments on 3-month-old trees showed a reduction of the kappa number without affecting the degree of cellulose degradation. These results indicate that reducing the CAD activity in trees might be a valuable strategy to optimize certain processes of the wood industry, especially those of the pulp and paper industry.
Analysis of HLA-E Peptide-Binding Specificity and Contact Residues in Bound Peptide Required for Recognition by CD94/NKG2 (2003)

The MHC class Ib molecule HLA-E is the primary ligand for CD94/NKG2A-inhibitory receptors expressed on NK cells, and there is also evidence for TCR-mediated recognition of this molecule. HLA-E preferentially assembles with a homologous set of peptides derived from the leader sequence of class Ia molecules, but its capacity to bind and present other peptides remains to be fully explored. The peptide-binding motif of HLA-E was investigated by folding HLA-E in vitro in the presence of peptide libraries derived from a nonameric leader peptide sequence randomized at individual anchor positions. A high degree of selectivity was observed at four of five total anchor positions, with preference for amino acids present in HLA-E-binding peptides from class Ia leader sequences. Selectivity was also observed at the nonanchor P5 position, with preference for positively charged amino acids, suggesting that electrostatic interactions involving the P5 side chain may facilitate assembly of HLA-E peptide complexes. The observed HLA-E peptide-binding motif was strikingly similar to that previously identified for the murine class Ib molecule, Qa-1. Experiments with HLA-E tetramers bearing peptides substituted at nonanchor positions demonstrated that P5 and P8 are primary contact residues for interaction with CD94/NKG2 receptors. A conservative replacement of Arg for Lys at P5 completely abrogated binding to CD94/NKG2. Despite conservation of peptide-binding specificity in HLA-E and Qa-1, cross-species tetramer-staining experiments demonstrated that the interaction surfaces on CD94/NKG2 and the class Ib ligands have diverged between primates and rodents.
Excision of 3′ Termini by the Trex1 and TREX2 3′→5′ Exonucleases (2001)

The excision of nucleotides from DNA 3' termini is an important step in DNA replication, repair, and recombination pathways to generate correctly base paired termini for subsequent processing. The mammalian TREX1 and TREX2 proteins contain potent 3'-->5' exonucleases capable of functioning in this capacity. To study the activities of these exonucleases we have developed strategies to express and purify the recombinant mouse Trex1 and human TREX2 proteins in Escherichia coli in quantities sufficient for biochemical characterization. The Trex1 and TREX2 proteins are homodimers that exhibit robust 3' excision activities with very similar preferred reaction conditions and preferences for specific DNA substrates. In a steady-state kinetic analysis, oligonucleotide substrates were used to measure 3' nucleotide excision by Trex1 and TREX2. The Michaelis constants derived from these data indicate similar apparent kcat values of 22 s(-1) for Trex1 and 16 s(-1) for TREX2 using single-stranded oligonucleotides. The apparent KM values of 19 nm for Trex1 and 190 nm for TREX2 suggest relatively high affinities for DNA for both Trex1 and TREX2. An exonuclease competition assay was designed using heparin as a nonsubstrate inhibitor with a series of partial duplex DNAs to delineate the substrate structure preferences for 3' nucleotide excision by Trex1 and TREX2. The catalytic properties of the TREX proteins suggest roles for these enzymes in the 3' end-trimming processes necessary for producing correctly base paired 3' termini.
Hardware implementation of Montgomery's modular multiplication algorithm (1993)

Hardware is described for implementing the fast modular multiplication algorithm developed by P.L. Montgomery (1985). Comparison with previous techniques shows that this algorithm is up to twice as fast as the best currently available and is more suitable for alternative architectures. The gain in speed arises from the faster clock that results from simpler combinational logic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Angiogenic-induced enhancement of collateral blood flow to ischemic myocardium by vascular endothelial growth factor in dogs. (1994)

We conclude that intracoronary VEGF enhances the development of small coronary arteries supplying ischemic myocardium, resulting in marked augmentation of maximal collateral blood flow delivery. These results demonstrate the feasibility of pharmacological enhancement of collateral growth and suggest a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
Theoretical study on quantum control of photodissociation and photodesorption dynamics by femtosecond chirped laser pulses (1999)

We have theoretically studied the effect of chirping one-photon incident laser pulses on (I) the branching ratio of the HOD molecule in the photochemical reaction D+OH←HOD→H+OD and (II) the UV photodesorption dynamics of NH3 and ND3 from Cu(111). As was predicted in our previous 1D model, wave packet calculations have demonstrated that it is possible, in practice, to control the branching ratio of reaction (I) and to greatly enhance the desorption probability of the photodesorption reaction (II) by negatively chirped laser pulses. It was found that two characteristics of (negatively) chirped laser pulses contribute to this remarkable effect; the mechanism of adiabatic rapid passage for the population transfer between the ground and excited states, and the intrapulse pump-dump process for determining the branching ratio and photodesorption yield.
Phase amplitude coupling in spectral phase modulation (1998)

We report the experimental study of spatio-temporal coupling in spectral phase modulation. Spectral phase modulation relies on the creation of a Fourier plane where spectral components are dispersed and independently focused on a modulator, which allows to locally change the optical path. Spatio-temporal coupling arising from the principle of spectral phase modulation in itself has been experimentally studied for various typical phase modulations and compared to simulations.
Highly efficient separation of carbon dioxide by a metal-organic framework replete with open metal sites (2009)

Selective capture of CO(2), which is essential for natural gas purification and CO(2) sequestration, has been reported in zeolites, porous membranes, and amine solutions. However, all such systems require substantial energy input for release of captured CO(2), leading to low energy efficiency and high cost. A new class of materials named metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has also been demonstrated to take up voluminous amounts of CO(2). However, these studies have been largely limited to equilibrium uptake measurements, which are a poor predictor of separation ability, rather than the more industrially relevant kinetic (dynamic) capacity. Here, we report that a known MOF, Mg-MOF-74, with open magnesium sites, rivals competitive materials in CO(2) capture, with 8.9 wt. % dynamic capacity, and undergoes facile CO(2) release at significantly lower temperature, 80 degrees C. Mg-MOF-74 offers an excellent balance between dynamic capacity and regeneration. These results demonstrate the potential of MOFs with open metal sites as efficient CO(2) capture media.
Interventions for treating cholestasis in pregnancy (2001)

There is insufficient evidence to recommend guar gum, activated charcoal, SAMe and UDCA alone or in combination in treating women with CIP. Inconsistent and inadequate reporting of results precluded pooling the results of small studies.
Regulation of the JNK3 Signaling Pathway during Islet Isolation: JNK3 and c-fos as New Markers of Islet Quality for Transplantation (2014)

Stress conditions generated throughout pancreatic islet processing initiate the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways and beta-cell destruction. Our goal is to identify relevant and preferably beta-specific markers to assess the activation of beta-cell stress and apoptotic mechanisms, and therefore the general quality of the islet preparation prior to transplantation. Protein expression and activation were analyzed by Western blotting and kinase assays. ATP measurements were performed by a luminescence-based assay. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured based on standard protocols using fiber optic sensors. Total RNA was used for gene expression analyzes. Our results indicate that pancreas digestion initiates a potent stress response in the islets by activating two stress kinases, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and p38. JNK1 protein levels remained unchanged between different islet preparations and following culture. In contrast, levels of JNK3 increased after islet culture, but varied markedly, with a subset of preparations bearing low JNK3 expression. The observed changes in JNK3 protein content strongly correlated with OCR measurements as determined by the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient rho [Formula: see text] in the matching islet samples, while inversely correlating with c-fos mRNA expression [Formula: see text]. In conclusion, pancreas digestion recruits JNK and p38 kinases that are known to participate to beta-cell apoptosis. Concomitantly, the islet isolation alters JNK3 and c-fos expression, both strongly correlating with OCR. Thus, a comparative analysis of JNK3 and c-fos expression before and after culture may provide for novel markers to assess islet quality prior to transplantation. JNK3 has the advantage over all other proposed markers to be islet-specific, and thus to provide for a marker independent of non-beta cell contamination.
Selection for mutants altered in the expression or export of outer membrane porin OmpF (1985)

Strains in which the lacZ gene (which specifies beta-galactosidase) is fused to a gene encoding an envelope protein often exhibit a phenotype termed overproduction lethality. In such strains, high-level synthesis of the cognate hybrid protein interferes with the process of protein export, and this leads ultimately to cell death. A variation of this phenomenon has been discovered with lacZ fusions to the gene specifying the major outer membrane porin protein OmpF. In this case, we find that lambda transducing phage carrying an ompF-lacZ fusion will not grow on a host strain that constitutively overexpresses ompF. We have exploited this observation to develop a selection for ompF mutants. Using this protocol, we have isolated mutants altered in ompF expression and have identified mutations that block OmpF export. Our results suggest that it should be possible to adapt this selection for use with other genes specifying exported proteins.
Corticosteroids Increase Lipocortin I in Alveolar Epithelial Cells (1990)

Lipocortin I mediates, in part, the anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids. To determine whether alveolar epithelial cells produce lipocortin I, we used a highly specific anti-lipocortin I antibody and found by the techniques of Western blotting and immunocytochemical analysis that lipocortin I is a normal constituent of type II alveolar epithelial cells and that it constitutes approximately 0.1% of cell lysate proteins. Two separate species of lipocortin I were identified, migrating with molecular weights of 37 and 32 kD. Dexamethasone caused a dose-dependent increase in lipocortin I in rat alveolar epithelial cells, and its effect was maximal at a dose of 10(-5) M. This effect was specific for corticosteroids since it was not seen with other steroids. These studies suggest that lipocortin I may mediate, in part, the immunosuppressive effects of corticosteroids in the lower respiratory tract.
Exaggerated neuroinflammation and sickness behavior in aged mice after activation of the peripheral innate immune system (2005)

Acute cognitive impairment (i.e., delirium) is common in elderly emergency department patients and frequently results from infections that are unrelated to the central nervous system. Since activation of the peripheral innate immune system induces brain microglia to produce inflammatory cytokines that are responsible for behavioral deficits, we investigated if aging exacerbated neuroinflammation and sickness behavior after peripheral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Microarray analysis revealed a transcriptional profile indicating the presence of primed or activated microglia and increased inflammation in the aged brain. Furthermore, aged mice had a unique gene expression profile in the brain after an intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and the LPS-induced elevation in the brain inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress was both exaggerated and prolonged compared with adults. Aged mice were anorectic longer and lost more weight than adults after peripheral LPS administration. Moreover, reductions in both locomotor and social behavior remained 24 h later in aged mice, when adults had fully recovered, and the exaggerated neuroinflammatory response in aged mice was not reliably paralleled by increased circulating cytokines in the periphery. Taken together, these data establish that activation of the peripheral innate immune system leads to exacerbated neuroinflammation in the aged as compared with adult mice. This dysregulated link between the peripheral and central innate immune system is likely to be involved in the severe behavioral deficits that frequently occur in older adults with systemic infections.
Mapping Cis- and Trans- Chromatin Interaction Networks Using Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) (2008)

Expression of genes can be controlled by regulatory elements that are located at large genomic distances from their target genes (in cis), or even on different chromosomes (in trans). Regulatory elements can act at large genomic distances by engaging in direct physical interactions with their target genes resulting in the formation of chromatin loops. Thus, genes and their regulatory elements come in close spatial proximity irrespective of their relative genomic positions. Analysis of interactions between genes and elements will reveal which elements regulate each gene, and will provide fundamental insights into the spatial organization of chromosomes in general. Long-range cis- and trans- interactions can be studied at high resolution using chromosome conformation capture (3C) technology. 3C employs formaldehyde crosslinking to trap physical interactions between loci located throughout the genome. Crosslinked cells are solubilized and chromatin is digested with a restriction enzyme. Chromatin is subsequently ligated under conditions that favor intramolecular ligation. After reversal of the crosslinks, the DNA is purified and interaction frequencies between specific chromosomal loci are determined by quantifying the amounts of corresponding ligation products using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This chapter describes detailed protocols for 3C analysis of chromatin interactions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in mammalian cells.
Repopulation of Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice With CCR2-Deficient Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells Does Not Inhibit Ongoing Atherosclerotic Lesion Development (2005)

In contrast to the critical role of CCR2 in the initiation of atherogenesis, bone marrow progenitor cell-derived CCR2 does not influence the progression of established atherosclerotic lesions, pointing to additional mechanisms for recruitment of monocytes at later stages of lesion development.
Feasibility and Safety of Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using a New Mapping and Navigation System in Patients With Refractory Atrial Fibrillation (2003)

The use of a multipolar BC allowed effective and safe PV isolation by combining 3D mapping and navigation. At 1-year follow-up, 62% of the patients were in sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic drugs, and the incidence of relevant diameter reduction of the treated PVs was 1.2%.
TIPOLOGÍA DE LINGOTES DE METAL Y SU HALLAZGO EN LOS DEPÓSITOS DEL BRONCE FINAL DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA (1993)

Revista especializada en la publicación de trabajos originales de investigación en Prehistoria y Arqueología. Es la publicación periódica más antigua de la UAM. Su enfoque abierto a cualquier temática y época pasada, hasta la más cercana, que sea objeto de la Ciencia arqueológica se abre a una decidida proyección internacional en la que quiere basar su futuro inmediato.