gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitors are optimal targets of retroviral-mediated gene transfer (1992)

Hematopoietic progenitor cells circulate in the peripheral blood (PB) of cancer patients during the recovery phase that follows treatment with high-dose cyclophosphamide followed by hematopoietic growth factor infusion. We report that when PB progenitors were exposed in vitro to filtered supernatant from cell line PA317-N2, producing amphotropic helper-free N2 vector at conventional titers, successful retroviral- mediated transfer of neomycin resistance gene was documented by polymerase chain reaction in 93% of day 14 myelomonocytic colonies. Under the same conditions, gene transfer was achieved in 22% of steady- state bone marrow-derived myelomonocytic colonies. Neo-resistance gene transfer was documented also in a CD34+/cyclophosphamide-resistant precursor to granulocyte-macrophage colonies, an undifferentiated progenitor close to the hematopoietic stem cell. Neither cocultivation with vector-producing cells nor high vector titer were stringent requisites for efficient gene transfer. The large-scale availability of PB hematopoietic progenitors in cancer patients, together with the high gene transfer rate achieved under safe and clinically feasible conditions, support an optimal approach for gene transfer procedures into the human hematopoietic system.
A 1.75 GHz highly-integrated narrow-band CMOS transmitter with harmonic-rejection mixers (2002)

A 1.75 GHz transmitter with harmonic and double image reject mixer integrates the full signal path from the DAC to the RF output with two frequency synthesizers in a 0.35 /spl mu/m double-poly five-metal CMOS process. The IC consumes 151 mA from a 3 V supply and achieves 1.3/spl deg/ rms phase error. Active area is 3/spl times/9.9 mm/sup 2/.
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein: regulation of the plasma membrane proteome (2004)

Proteins in the plasma membrane anchor the cell within its microenvironment and sense changes occurring outside the cell. The anchoring interactions are cell type-specific and may involve adjacent cells or extracellular matrix proteins (ECMPs). In development, wound healing, and in various forms of pathology, including thrombosis and atherosclerosis, the microenvironment of the cell may change rapidly and dramatically. How the cell responds is strongly dependent on the protein composition of its plasma membrane, which we refer to as the plasma membrane proteome. Processes that regulate the plasma membrane proteome may alter cellular response. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is a member of the LDL receptor family; however, LRP-1 and other less well studied members of this gene family demonstrate multiple activities unrelated to lipid homeostasis. LRP-1 binds and internalizes numerous, structurally diverse ligands, delivering most but not all these ligands to lysosomes for degradation. The intracellular tail of LRP-1 binds signaling adaptor proteins and thus may function in cell signaling. Biological activities of LRP-1 include antigen presentation, phagocytosis, removal of apoptotic cells, and regulation of vascular permeability. This review focuses on an emerging view of LRP-1 activity, in which LRP-1 regulates the protein composition of the plasma membrane and thereby "models" or "landscapes" the cell surface. In some cases, plasma membrane modeling results from the binding to bifunctional ligands or intracellular adaptor proteins, so that LRP-1 is bridged to another plasma membrane protein and the entire complex undergoes endocytosis. Membrane proteins already known to be subject to this form of regulation include urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, amyloid precursor protein, tissue factor, and alpha(V)-containing integrins. LRP-1 also controls the plasma membrane proteome by regulating maturation and transport of proteins in the secretory pathway. At the same time, LRP-1 serves as a receptor for specific ECMPs, including fibronectin and thrombospondin. Although ECMP-binding to LRP-1 results in endocytosis and catabolism, these receptor-ligation events also may be coupled, directly or indirectly, to cell-signaling. Based on these novel activities, LRP-1 emerges as a protein capable of modeling the interface of the cell with its microenvironment.
Fundamental performances of a micro stationary Fourier transform spectrometer (2010)

A new configuration of micro-spectrometer based on an infrared stationary Fourier transform (FTIR) interferometer has been developed at ONERA. Our device is based on a classic infrared focal plane array (FPA) of HgCdTe technology with a built-in two-wave wedge-like interferometer. This new architecture generates research works in several domains. Technological researches are conducted in collaboration with the CEA to optimize the manufacturing process and reduce the technological defects. In parallel, researches in optical design are conducted to implement the FTIR-FPA in a complete system. For this, theoretical work is needed to understand and describe the fringes formation inside the detection structure when illuminated by a wave which is not ideal, i.e. emitted by an extended source positioned at a finite distance from the detection plane. The results of this theoretical study are presented. These results are exploited to design a compact spectrometer with a very simple optical architecture. First experimental data are presented and discussed.
STUDIES ON THE THIAMINE DEFICIENCY DUE TO BACTERIAL THIAMINASE (1955)

Bacillus thiaminolyticus was given daily to hens. Thiaminase appeared in their intestines and the symptoms of thiamine deficiency developed.
New Fluorescent Probes for Monitoring Polymerization Reactions: Photocuring of Acrylic Adhesives, 2 (2002)

The results of following the fluorescence of selected probes during the entire range of curing of acrylic-based adhesives are presented in this work. The change of fluorescence parameters has been continuously measured during the photocrosslinking reactions of acrylic adhesive systems under UV-irradiation. Real-time FT-IR (RT-FT-IR) has been used to measure the conversion reached at different irradiation times. Intensity ratio, maximum emission wavelength and the first moment of fluorescence have been used as parameters to correlate with the double bond conversion degree. Two-slope plots have been obtained during UV-curing, which correspond to the different stages of the crosslinking reaction. Also, the size of fluorescent probe appears to be a parameter that influences the sensing time in which the probe can detect the changes in viscosity/polarity occurring along the UV-curing process. The results are compared with those of commercial probes such as dansylamide and prodan. The use of the fluorescence technique allowed us to understand the mechanism taking place and the role of the binder matrix, depending on the photoinitiator used. This information is not obtained when the reaction is followed by the conventional RT-FT-IR technique.
Secretion of extracellular proteins by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli via a putative type III secretion system (1996)

Enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EHEC and EPEC) infections result in attaching and effacing lesions on intestinal epithelial cells. Secretion of extracellular proteins via a type III secretion apparatus is necessary for the formation of attaching and effacing lesions by EPEC. We now show that EHEC also secretes polypeptides via a putative type III secretion system. The secreted EHEC proteins are recognized by rabbit antiserum raised against the proteins secreted from EPEC and by human serum from a patient infected with an EHEC O157:H7 strain.
A higher order unit that performs arbitrary Boolean functions (1990)

The problem of how a single binary higher-order unit can learn an arbitrary Boolean function of arbitrarily many variables is discussed. A solution of this problem which exploits all correlations of any order between multiple inputs and their related single outputs is presented. A certain correlation coefficient is given by choosing a certain subset of the set of all inputs, multiplying the corresponding input values, and determining the correlation between this product and the output of the Boolean function. The order of this correlation is given by the number-of elements contained in the chosen subset. The number of correlation coefficients to be evaluated equals the number of elements of the power set (set of all subsets) of the set of inputs. The unit is adapted to the given mapping by determining its synaptic weights via a generalized Hebb rule. These weights are exactly the above-mentioned correlation coefficients. Learning is achieved in a one-shot manner, thus each instance of the mapping is presented to the unit exactly one time. A proof is given that this higher-order unit can retrieve the correct function without errors, provided all correlations are known
Observability of target tracking with range-only measurements (1999)

A necessary and sufficient condition for local system observability, a prerequisite to target motion analysis, is presented in this technical communication for two-dimensional manoeuvring target tracking with range-only measurements from a single observer. The approach taken in this paper utilizes the Fisher information matrix developed from the analytical treatment of system dynamics and noisy measurement equations established in a modified polar coordinate system. The analytical results of this paper are demonstrated by a series of simulation studies for applications on naval surface vehicle engagements.
Emergence and Spread of Gentamicin-Susceptible Strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Belgian Hospitals (2003)

The aim of this study was to follow the evolution of the clonal distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) recovered from Belgian hospitals between 1995 and 1997-1998. MRSA strains were genotyped by inter-IS256 spacer length polymorphism PCR and SmaI macrorestriction analysis. MICs of 18 antimicrobials were determined by the agar dilution method. MRSA strains from the 1997-1998 survey were further tested by vancomycin screen agar, E-test, broth microdilution methods, and population analysis. Between 1995 and 1997-1998, epidemic group A strains decreased in proportion from 73% to 44%, whereas MRSA Group B and C strains increased from 17% to 38% and from 5% to 8%. The proportion of strains susceptible to gentamicin increased between the surveys from 22% to 48%. This was associated with a higher proportion of group B and C strains in the last survey. Heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hetero-VISA) strains were found in 2% isolates from 1997 to 1998. These hetero-VISA isolates were genotypically related to the MRSA group A strains and were resistant to gentamicin. In conclusion, two emerging epidemic MRSA genotypes, susceptible to gentamicin, have spread among Belgian hospitals during the 1990s. Hetero-VISA were present at low frequency among MRSA strains belonging to a widespread endemic genotype.
Large-Scale Concatenation cDNA Sequencing (1997)

A total of 100 kb of DNA derived from 69 individual human brain cDNA clones of 0.7-2.0 kb were sequenced by concatenated cDNA sequencing (CCS), whereby multiple individual DNA fragments are sequenced simultaneously in a single shotgun library. The method yielded accurate sequences and a similar efficiency compared with other shotgun libraries constructed from single DNA fragments (> 20 kb). Computer analyses were carried out on 65 cDNA clone sequences and their corresponding end sequences to examine both nucleic acid and amino acid sequence similarities in the databases. Thirty-seven clones revealed no DNA database matches, 12 clones generated exact matches (> or = 98% identity), and 16 clones generated nonexact matches (57%-97% identity) to either known human or other species genes. Of those 28 matched clones, 8 had corresponding end sequences that failed to identify similarities. In a protein similarity search, 27 clone sequences displayed significant matches, whereas only 20 of the end sequences had matches to known protein sequences. Our data indicate that full-length cDNA insert sequences provide significantly more nucleic acid and protein sequence similarity matches than expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for database searching.
Tetraethylammonium blockade distinguishes two inactivation mechanisms in voltage-activated K+ channels. (1991)

Voltage-activated K+ channels are a family of closely related membrane proteins that differ in their gating behavior, conductance, and pharmacology. A prominent and physiologically important difference among K+ channels is their rate of inactivation. Inactivation rates range from milliseconds to seconds, and K+ channels with different inactivation properties have very different effects on signal integration and repetitive firing properties of neurons. The cloned Shaker B (H4) potassium channel is an example of a K+ channel that inactivates in a few milliseconds. Recent experiments have shown that removal of an N-terminal region of the Shaker protein by site-directed deletion practically abolishes this fast inactivation, but the modified channel does still inactivate during a prolonged depolarization lasting many seconds. Here we report that this remnant inactivation must occur by a distinct mechanism from the rapid inactivation of the wild-type Shaker channel. Like the inactivation of another K+ channel [Grissmer, S. & Calahan, M. (1989) Biophys. J. 55, 203-206], this slow inactivation is retarded by the application of a channel blocker, tetraethylammonium, to the extracellular side of the channel. By contrast, the fast inactivation of the wild-type Shaker channel is sensitive only to intracellular application of tetraethylammonium. Intracellular tetraethylammonium slows down the fast inactivation process, as though it competes with the binding of the inactivation particle.
Molecular construction and optimization of anti-human IL-1α/β dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-IgTM) molecules (2009)

Signal transduction through the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) pathway mediates a strong pro-inflammatory response, which contributes to a number of human diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Within the IL-1 family, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta are both agonistic ligands for IL-1R, whereas IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is an endogenous antagonist that binds to IL-R, but does not signal. Therefore, the ideal therapeutic strategy would be blocking both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, but not IL-1ra. However, due to low sequence homology between the three members of the family, it has been exceedingly difficult to identify potent therapeutic agents, e.g., monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), that selectively recognize both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, but not IL-1ra. Currently, several anti-IL-1 therapeutic agents in clinical development either inhibit only IL-1beta (i.e., anti-IL-1beta mAb), or recognize all three ligands (i.e., anti-IL-1R mAb or IL-1R Trap). We have recently developed a novel dual variable domain immunoglobulin (or DVD-Ig) technology that enables engineering the distinct specificities of two mAbs into a single functional, dual-specific, tetravalent IgG-like molecule. Based on this approach, we have developed anti-human IL-1alpha/beta DVD-Ig molecules using several pairs of monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential, and present a case study for optimal design of a DVD-Ig agent for a specific target pair combination.
Characterization of a Fatty Acyl-CoA Reductase from Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8: A Bacterial Enzyme Catalyzing the Reduction of Fatty Acyl-CoA to Fatty Alcohol (2011)

Fatty alcohols are of interest as a renewable feedstock to replace petroleum compounds used as fuels, in cosmetics, and in pharmaceuticals. One biological approach to the production of fatty alcohols involves the sequential action of two bacterial enzymes: (i) reduction of a fatty acyl-CoA to the corresponding fatty aldehyde catalyzed by a fatty acyl-CoA reductase, followed by (ii) reduction of the fatty aldehyde to the corresponding fatty alcohol catalyzed by a fatty aldehyde reductase. Here, we identify, purify, and characterize a novel bacterial enzyme from Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8 that catalyzes the reduction of fatty acyl-CoA by four electrons to the corresponding fatty alcohol, eliminating the need for a separate fatty aldehyde reductase. The enzyme is shown to reduce fatty acyl-CoAs ranging from C8:0 to C20:4 to the corresponding fatty alcohols, with the highest rate found for palmitoyl-CoA (C16:0). The dependence of the rate of reduction of palmitoyl-CoA on substrate concentration was cooperative, with an apparent K(m) ~ 4 μM, V(max) ~ 200 nmol NADP(+) min(-1) (mg protein)(-1), and n ~ 3. The enzyme also reduced a range of fatty aldehydes with decanal having the highest activity. The substrate cis-11-hexadecenal was reduced in a cooperative manner with an apparent K(m) of ~50 μM, V(max) of ~8 μmol NADP(+) min(-1) (mg protein)(-1), and n ~ 2.
Photochemical rupture of microcapsules: A model system (1981)

Abstract Polyamide microcapsules containing solutions of azo‐bis‐isobutyronitrile (AIBN) were prepared and characterized as regards diameter and wall thickness. Under UV irradiation the AIBN eliminates nitrogen, and this, under suitable conditions, leads to rupture of the capsules. The influence of capsular diameter and wall thickness of the crosslinking agent silane, of AIBN concentration, and of light intensity on the photoelimination and rupture were studied by determining rates of nitrogen release and by microscopic examination. The results are interpreted in terms of release of nitrogen in the core followed by diffusion of nitrogen or of core solution through the walls, or rupture of the microcapsules. The application to controlled photochemical release of contents is considered.
Biofilms: Survival Mechanisms of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms (2002)

Though biofilms were first described by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, the theory describing the biofilm process was not developed until 1978. We now understand that biofilms are universal, occurring in aquatic and industrial water systems as well as a large number of environments and medical devices relevant for public health. Using tools such as the scanning electron microscope and, more recently, the confocal laser scanning microscope, biofilm researchers now understand that biofilms are not unstructured, homogeneous deposits of cells and accumulated slime, but complex communities of surface-associated cells enclosed in a polymer matrix containing open water channels. Further studies have shown that the biofilm phenotype can be described in terms of the genes expressed by biofilm-associated cells. Microorganisms growing in a biofilm are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents by one or more mechanisms. Biofilm-associated microorganisms have been shown to be associated with several human diseases, such as native valve endocarditis and cystic fibrosis, and to colonize a wide variety of medical devices. Though epidemiologic evidence points to biofilms as a source of several infectious diseases, the exact mechanisms by which biofilm-associated microorganisms elicit disease are poorly understood. Detachment of cells or cell aggregates, production of endotoxin, increased resistance to the host immune system, and provision of a niche for the generation of resistant organisms are all biofilm processes which could initiate the disease process. Effective strategies to prevent or control biofilms on medical devices must take into consideration the unique and tenacious nature of biofilms. Current intervention strategies are designed to prevent initial device colonization, minimize microbial cell attachment to the device, penetrate the biofilm matrix and kill the associated cells, or remove the device from the patient. In the future, treatments may be based on inhibition of genes involved in cell attachment and biofilm formation.
Bend-compensated design of large-mode-area fibers (2006)

Cone-shaped profiles illustrate the recently proposed bend-compensated strategy for large-mode-area amplifier fiber design. Simulations show that introducing a bend-compensating gradient into the fiber profile simultaneously improves mode area and reduces higher-order-mode impairments in a spooled-fiber amplifier.
Differences in non-MHC alloantigens promote tissue rejection but fail to mediate allogeneic co-operation and autoimmunity in mice neonatally injected with semi-allogeneic F1 B cells. (1994)

Mice injected at birth with semi-allogeneic lymphoid cells develop a lupus-like autoimmune syndrome in which donor B cells are polyclonally activated by host alloreactive CD4+ T cells, producing autoantibodies and immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. It has been demonstrated that the recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alloantigens triggers the development of a complete disease. But differences in either MHC class I molecules or Mls-1 antigens are not sufficient to induce production of autoantibodies. Here we have investigated whether differences in other non-MHC alloantigens could induce a similar autoimmune disease and whether the maternal environment could modulate the T-B allogeneic co-operation in this model. For this purpose (BALB/c x BC20)F1 hybrid females were backcrossed with BC20 males. R2 mice obtained in this backcross were neonatally injected with 10(8) (C57BL/6 x BALB.Igb)F1 spleen cells and the tolerance against maternal derived BALB/c alloantigens as well as the development of autoimmune manifestations were subsequently evaluated. In contrast to R2 mice injected at birth with (C57BL/6 x BALB.Igb)F1 cells, control R2 mice rejected skin grafts from BALB/c mice and B cells from (C57BL/6 x BALB.Igb)F1 mice, independently of their H-2 haplotype (H-2b/d or H-2b/b). Nevertheless, after neonatal injection of (C57BL/6 x BALB.Igb)F1 cells, none of 19 H-2b/d R2 injected mice presented autoimmune manifestations, in contrast with the typical autoimmune disease observed in all neonatally injected H-2b/b R2 mice (26 mice). These results support that the development of autoimmunity in this model depends exclusively upon differences in MHC class II alloantigens and that the relationship between mother and fetus, through the pregnancy or the breast suckling, is not sufficient to inhibit cytolytic and allo-helper responses against non-inherited maternal-derived alloantigens.
Cart pushing with a mobile manipulation system: Towards navigation with moveable objects (2011)

Robust navigation in cluttered environments has been well addressed for mobile robotic platforms, but the problem of navigating with a moveable object like a cart has not been widely examined. In this work, we present a planning and control approach to navigation of a humanoid robot while pushing a cart. We show how immediate information about the environment can be integrated into this approach to achieve safer navigation in the presence of dynamic obstacles. We demonstrate the robustness of our approach through long-running experiments with the PR2 mobile manipulation robot in a typical indoor office environment, where the robot faced narrow and high-traffic passageways with very limited clearance.