gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1.27 GHz Graphene-Aluminum Nitride nano plate resonant infrared detector (2015)

This paper reports on the Infrared (IR) detection capabilities of a 1.27 GHz Graphene-Aluminum Nitride (G-AlN) nano-plate resonator. For the first time we demonstrate that by using a virtually massless graphene electrode, floating at the van der Waals separation of a few angstroms from a piezoelectric nano-plate (zero interfacial strain), it is possible to implement ultra-thin (460 nm) piezoelectric nanomechanical resonant structures operating in the GHz range with improved electromechanical performance (2X improved f·Q) and IR detection capabilities (>100X improved IR absorptance) compared to conventional devices employing metal electrodes. The demonstrated achievement of low damping, efficient electromechanical transduction and high IR responsivity, in nanomechanical resonant structures with reduced volume and higher vibration frequency, addresses one of the most fundamental challenges in the NEMS field opening exciting new directions in nanotechnology.
A New Three‐Volt Spinel Li1 + x Mn1.5Ni0.5 O 4 for Secondary Lithium Batteries (1996)

The spinel has been prepared at low temperature using a new sol‐gel process. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the obtained material presents a cubic spinel structure with a unit cell parameter lower than that of stoichiometric . X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the divalent state of doped nickel in the material. Furthermore, compound can intercalate a second lithium both chemically and electrochemically, leading to the formation of a new material with the same cubic spinel structure. This material presents only one plateau at around 3 V vs. with a large discharge capacity of 160 mAh/g and fairly good cyclability. This result is in contrast to the undoped , where two plateaus at 4 and 3 V are observed because of the occurrence of a structural transition caused by the Jahn‐Teller effect. The structure and the electrochemical behavior of are investigated and compared to those of material prepared by the same sol‐gel process.
Ultrathin Porous Carbon Films as Amperometric Transducers for Biocatalytic Sensors (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltrathin Porous Carbon Films as Amperometric Transducers for Biocatalytic SensorsJoseph. Wang, Qiang. Chen, Clifford L. Renschler, and Christine. WhiteCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 13, 1988–1992Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00085a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00085a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autonomous Discovery in the Chemical Sciences Part II: Outlook (2019)

This two-part Review examines how automation has contributed to different aspects of discovery in the chemical sciences. In this second part, we reflect on a selection of exemplary studies. It is increasingly important to articulate what the role of automation and computation has been in the scientific process and how that has or has not accelerated discovery. One can argue that even the best automated systems have yet to "discover" despite being incredibly useful as laboratory assistants. We must carefully consider how they have been and can be applied to future problems of chemical discovery in order to effectively design and interact with future autonomous platforms. The majority of this Review defines a large set of open research directions, including improving our ability to work with complex data, build empirical models, automate both physical and computational experiments for validation, select experiments, and evaluate whether we are making progress towards the ultimate goal of autonomous discovery. Addressing these practical and methodological challenges will greatly advance the extent to which autonomous systems can make meaningful discoveries.
Selective Blockade of the Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1 Attenuates Bone Cancer Pain (2005)

Cancer colonization of bone leads to the activation of osteoclasts, thereby producing local tissue acidosis and bone resorption. This process may contribute to the generation of both ongoing and movement-evoked pain, resulting from the activation of sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli (nociceptors). The capsaicin receptor TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1) is a cation channel expressed by nociceptors that detects multiple pain-producing stimuli, including noxious heat and extracellular protons, raising the possibility that it is an important mediator of bone cancer pain via its capacity to detect osteoclast- and tumor-mediated tissue acidosis. Here, we show that TRPV1 is present on sensory neuron fibers that innervate the mouse femur and that, in an in vivo model of bone cancer pain, acute or chronic administration of a TRPV1 antagonist or disruption of the TRPV1 gene results in a significant attenuation of both ongoing and movement-evoked nocifensive behaviors. Administration of the antagonist had similar efficacy in reducing early, moderate, and severe pain-related responses, suggesting that TRPV1 may be a novel target for pharmacological treatment of chronic pain states associated with bone cancer metastasis.
D-(-)-poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in membranes of genetically competent bacteria (1983)

D-(-)-Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate is a constituent of the membranes and the cytoplasms of genetically competent Azotobacter vinelandii, Bacillus subtilis, and Haemophilus influenzae cells. Within each species the concentration of D-(-)-poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in the membranes and cytoplasm correlates with transformability. Fluorescence analysis of the thermotropic lipid phase transitions in A. vinelandii and B. subtilis cells indicates that D-(-)-poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate forms an organized gel structure in the membranes which is very labile. The concentration of organized D-(-)-poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in the membranes, which can be estimated from the intensity of its phase transition, can be used to assess the competence of a culture.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and What Came After (2003)

Editorial| April 01 2003 The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and What Came After Frank O. Bowman, III Frank O. Bowman, III Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Federal Sentencing Reporter (2003) 15 (4): 231–233. https://doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2003.15.4.231 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Frank O. Bowman; The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and What Came After. Federal Sentencing Reporter 1 April 2003; 15 (4): 231–233. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2003.15.4.231 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentFederal Sentencing Reporter Search This content is only available via PDF. ©© Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of Adh genes estimates the time of geographic isolation of the Bogota population of Drosophila pseudoobscura. (1991)

The population of Drosophila pseudoobscura at Bogota, Columbia, is geographically and partially reproductively isolated from populations in the main body of the species in North America. The degree of genetic differentiation and time of divergence between populations at Bogota and Apple Hill, CA, were estimated by comparison of 3388 nucleotides in the alcohol dehydrogenase region (Adh and Adh-Dup genes) of 18 strains. Of the 146 polymorphic nucleotide sites detected, 68 and 31 were unique to the Apple Hill and Bogota samples, respectively, and 53 were shared. On the basis of an observed net divergence per nucleotide site of 0.264% between the two samples, the Bogota and North American populations were estimated to have been separated for at least 155,000 years. This divergence time suggests that D. pseudoobscura extended its range from North America to South America in a period of Pleistocene glaciation, when habitat suitable for the species presumably existed in lowland Central America.
Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 lead to phosphorylation and loss of I kappa B alpha: a mechanism for NF-kappa B activation. (1993)

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is a critical regulator of several genes which are involved in immune and inflammation responses. NF-kappa B, consisting of a 50-kDa protein (p50) and a 65-kDa protein (p65), is bound to a cytoplasmic retention protein called I kappa B. Stimulation of cells with a variety of inducers, including cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1, leads to the activation and the translocation of p50/65 NF-kappa B into the nucleus. However, the in vivo mechanism of the activation process remains unknown. Here, we provide the first evidence that the in vivo mechanism of NF-kappa B activation is through the phosphorylation and subsequent loss of its inhibitor, I kappa B alpha. We also show that both I kappa B alpha loss and NF-kappa B activation are inhibited in the presence of antioxidants, demonstrating that the loss of I kappa B alpha is a prerequisite for NF-kappa B activation. Finally, we demonstrate that I kappa B alpha is rapidly resynthesized after loss, indicating that an autoregulatory mechanism is involved in the regulation of NF-kappa B function. We propose a mechanism for the activation of NF-kappa B through the modification and loss of I kappa B alpha, thereby establishing its role as a mediator of NF-kappa B activation.
c-Fos protein as a target of anti-osteoclastogenic action of vitamin D, and synthesis of new analogs (2006)

Although active vitamin D drugs have been used for the treatment of osteoporosis, how the vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates bone cell function remains largely unknown. Using osteoprotegerin-deficient mice, which exhibit severe osteoporosis due to excessive receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand/receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANKL/RANK) stimulation, we show herein that oral treatment of these mice with 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3] inhibited bone resorption and prevented bone loss, suggesting that VDR counters RANKL/RANK signaling. In M-CSF-dependent osteoclast precursor cells isolated from mouse bone marrow, 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 potently and dose-dependently inhibited their differentiation into multinucleate osteoclasts induced by RANKL. Among signaling molecules downstream of RANK, 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the induction of c-Fos protein after RANKL stimulation, and retroviral expression of c-Fos protein abrogated the suppressive effect of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 on osteoclast development. By screening vitamin D analogs based on their c-Fos-suppressing activity, we identified a new analog, named DD281, that inhibited bone resorption and prevented bone loss in ovariectomized mice, more potently than 1alpha,25(OH)2D3, with similar levels of calcium absorption. Thus, c-Fos protein is an important target of the skeletal action of VDR-based drugs, and DD281 is a bone-selective analog that may be useful for the treatment of bone diseases with excessive osteoclastic activity.
ATP- and Iron−Protein-Independent Activation of Nitrogenase Catalysis by Light (2010)

We report here the light-driven activation of the molybdenum-iron-protein (MoFeP) of nitrogenase for substrate reduction independent of ATP hydrolysis and the iron-protein (FeP), which have been believed to be essential for catalytic turnover. A MoFeP variant labeled on its surface with a Ru-photosensitizer is shown to photocatalytically reduce protons and acetylene, most likely at its active site, FeMoco. The uncoupling of nitrogenase catalysis from ATP hydrolysis should enable the study of redox dynamics within MoFeP and the population of discrete reaction intermediates for structural investigations.
Cloning and sequence analysis of human genomic DNA encoding γ subunit precursor of muscle acetylcholine receptor (1985)

Human genomic DNA encoding the gamma subunit precursor of the skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptor has been cloned by screening a gene library with a calf cDNA probe and has been subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the cloned human genomic DNA with that of the calf cDNA has revealed that the protein-coding sequence of this gene is divided by 11 introns into 12 exons. Evidence is presented to suggest that the human muscle acetylcholine receptor gamma and delta subunit genes are juxtaposed. The primary structure of the gamma subunit precursor of the human muscle acetylcholine receptor has been deduced from the corresponding gene sequence. This polypeptide is composed of 517 amino acids including a hydrophobic prepeptide of 22 amino acids. The gamma subunit of the human muscle acetylcholine receptor, like the alpha subunit of the same receptor as well as the alpha, beta and gamma subunits of its calf counterpart, shares structural features common to all four subunits of the Torpedo electroplax receptor, such as the putative disulphide bridge corresponding to that in the alpha subunit proposed as being in close proximity to the acetylcholine binding site and the four putative, hydrophobic transmembrane segments M1-M4. Thus, the human gamma subunit molecule apparently exhibits the same transmembrane topology as proposed for the fish receptor subunits. The 12 exons seem to correspond to different structural and functional domains of the gamma subunit precursor molecule. Some exons and the protein regions encoded by them are more highly conserved between the mammalian and Torpedo sequences. The pattern of regional homology observed is consistent with the relatively high conservation of the region encompassing the putative disulphide bridge and of the region containing the putative transmembrane segments M1, M2 and M3.
Inhibition of HIV Replication in Acute and Chronic Infections in Vitro by a Tat Antagonist (1991)

The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) trans-activator Tat is an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs because inhibition of Tat would arrest the virus at an early stage. The drug Ro 5-3335 [7-chloro-5-(2-pyrryl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2(H)-one], inhibited gene expression by HIV-1 at the level of transcriptional trans-activation by Tat. The compound did not inhibit the basal activity of the promoter. Both Tat and its target sequence TAR were required for the observed inhibitory activity. Ro 5-3335 reduced the amount of cell-associated viral RNA and antigen in acutely, as well as in chronically infected cells in vitro (median inhibition concentration 0.1 to 1 micromolar). Effective inhibition of viral replication was also observed 24 hours after cells were transfected with infectious recombinant HIV-1 DNA. The compound was active against both HIV-1 and HIV-2 and against 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)-resistant clinical isolates.
Osteoblasts display receptors for and responses to leukemia‐inhibitory factor (1990)

Specific binding of leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF) to osteoblasts, but not multinucleated osteoclasts, was demonstrated by receptor autoradiography by using cells isolated from newborn rat long bones. The clonal rat osteogenic sarcoma cells, UMR 106-06, which have several phenotypic properties of osteoblasts, expressed 300 LIF receptors per cell, with an apparent KD of 60 pM. Treatment of calvarial osteoblasts or UMR 106-01 cells with LIF resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of plasminogen activator (PA) activity. Both calvarial osteoblasts and osteogenic sarcoma cells were shown by Western blotting and reverse fibrin autography to produce plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the production of which was increased by LIF treatment. Northern blot analysis revealed that LIF treatment resulted in a rapid (peak 1 hour), dose-dependent increase in mRNA for PAI-1. LIF treatment of the preosteoblast cell line, UMR 201, enhanced the alkaline phosphatase response of these cells to retinoic acid. Each of the osteoblast-like cell types (calvarial osteoblasts, UMR 106-06, and UMR 201) was shown to produce LIF by bioassay and, by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was shown to express low levels of mRNA for LIF. These data establish that cells of the osteoblast lineage are targets for LIF action. The reported anabolic effects of this cytokine on bone formation in vivo could be related to inhibition of protease activity. LIF may be an important paracrine modulator in bone, or perhaps an autocrine one, based on the evidence for its production by osteoblasts and osteoblast-like cells.
Purification of extracellular amylolytic enzymes from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus (1988)

When grown in static culture it appears as if Thermomyces lanuginosus has a biphasic secretion of the extracellular starch-degrading activity. This could be due to the presence of at least two different amylases. By ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Trisacryl an α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and a glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) were separated and purified from the extracellular protein from 14-day-old static cultures grown on soluble starch. The hydrolysis of soluble starch by the purified glucoamylase resulted in only glucose as the end product, whereas the α-amylase gave maltose as the smallest end product. The molecular weights and isoelectric points of the enzymes were for glucoamylase 70 000 – 76 000 and pH 4.0, and for α-amylase 54 000 – 57 000 and pH 3.4. An α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) with a molecular weight of 44 000 – 48 000 and an isoelectric point at pH 3.8 was eluted close to the α-amylase fraction on the DEAE-Trisacryl column.
Potent and highly selective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) inhibition by a series of alpha-anilinophenylacetamide derivatives targeted at HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. (1993)

In vitro evaluation of a large chemical library of pharmacologically acceptable prototype compounds in a high-capacity, cellular-based screening system has led to the discovery of another family of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) inhibitors. Through optimization of a lead compound, several alpha-anilinophenylacetamide (alpha-APA) derivatives have been identified that inhibit the replication of several HIV-1 strains (IIIB/LAI, RF, NDK, MN, HE) in a variety of host cell types at concentrations that are 10,000- to 100,000-fold lower than their cytotoxic concentrations. The IC50 of the alpha-APA derivative R 89439 for HIV-1 cytopathicity in MT-4 cells was 13 nM. The median 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) in a variety of host cells was 50-100 nM. Although these alpha-APA derivatives are active against a tetrahydroimidazo [4,5,1-jk][1,4]benzodiazepin-2(1H)-thione-(TIBO)-resistant HIV-1 strain, they do not inhibit replication of HIV-2 (strains ROD and EHO) or simian immunodeficiency virus (strains Mac251, mndGB1, and agm3). An HIV-1 strain containing the Tyr181-->Cys mutation in the reverse transcriptase region displayed reduced sensitivity. alpha-APA derivative R 89439 inhibited virion and recombinant reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 but did not inhibit that of HIV-2. Reverse transcriptase inhibition depended upon the template/primer used. The relatively uncomplicated synthesis of R 89439, its potent anti-HIV-1 activity, and its favorable pharmacokinetic profile make R 89439 a good candidate for clinical studies.
3 DOF modular eye for smart car (2003)

We present our work on the design of a 3 DOF modular eye for a smart car. This design is specially guided by the requirement of facilitating the cancellation of the camera frame (i.e., the merging of the camera frame with the pan-tilt frame). The design solution and the vision principle of canceling the camera frame are discussed in detail with real results.
Automatic color palette (2005)

Color palettes are an important tool for color image analysis, since they are the initial point of different techniques such as quantization or indexing. This paper presents a new method for the automatic construction of a color palette, which adjusts dynamically its number of colors according to the visual content of the image. The method is based on appropriately segmenting the HSI color space, which is achieved by individually partitioning the histograms associated to each color component. As a result we obtain a hierarchical color palette, which represents the color image with a reduced number of colors.
Antibiotic resistance determinants in nosocomial strains of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (2008)

Isolates of A. baumannii from both outbreak and sporadic cases possess at least eight resistance gene determinants that give rise to the MDR phenotype.
A server and database for dipole moments of proteins (2007)

An Internet server at http://bip.weizmann.ac.il/dipol calculates the net charge, dipole moment and mean radius of any 3D protein structure or its constituent peptide chains, and displays the dipole vector superimposed on a ribbon backbone of the protein. The server can also display the angle between the dipole and a selected list of amino acid residues in the protein. When the net charges and dipole moments of approximately 12 000 non-homologous PDB biological units (PISCES set), and their unique chains of length 50 residues or longer, were examined, the great majority of both charges and dipoles fell into a very narrow range of values, with long extended tails containing a few extreme outliers. In general, there is no obvious relation between a protein's charge or dipole moment and its structure or function, so that its electrostatic properties are highly specific to the particular protein, except that the majority of chains with very large positive charges or dipoles bind to ribosomes or interact with nucleic acids.
Transcriptional Regulation of Complement Genes (1995)

Complement is a major effector system of host defense against invading pathogens. The recently completed cloning and structural characterization of almost all complement genes has allowed investigation of their regulation at the molecular level. Transcription of most complement genes is accelerated during the acute-phase response that follows tissue injury. Mechanisms regulating transcription of other acute-phase proteins have been elucidated during recent years. The main mediators of acute phase proteins are IL-1- and IL-6-type cytokines. These cytokines and IFN gamma induce transcription of complement genes in the liver and in several extrahepatic sites. Consensus elements binding transcription factors activated by these cytokines have been identified in the promoters of several complement genes. However, only a few complement promoters have been characterized functionally. Structural analysis has indicated that TATA-less promoters are common among complement genes. However, no shared initiator elements (Inr) have been identified so far.