gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Future generation pacemakers. (1983)

Interchangeability between pacing modes will be the key feature in the pacemaker of the 1980s. The usefulness of the various modes will be enhanced by the array of pacing parameter options made available within each mode. Noninvasive adjustments of rates, AV intervals, signal detection sensitivities, and both atrial and ventricular stimulating energies will allow for necessary fine-tuning and ease of trouble-shooting throughout the life of the pacemaker system. Battery energy will be conserved by trimming output pulse characteristics to safe but reasonable levels. On the other hand, should myocardial thresholds increase, flexibility to reprogram pulse width and/or amplitude will avoid the need for reimplanting new electrodes or pulse generator. The physician will be able to evaluate underlying rhythm mechanisms and even perform single electrophysiologic studies by using special programmable features. Advanced telemetry features will facilitate patient followup and help identify pacing problems. Various telemetry options will include information on programmed and actual performance parameters, and on endocardial signals from both the atria and ventricles. Future generation pacemakers will be a collection and refinement of present technologies into single pacing systems. It is not overly optimistic to envision within this decade a small, long-life, easily implanted, sophisticated pacemaker that is capable of several modes of operation for treatment of both bradycardias and tachycardias, and is noninvasively adjustable to various and changing patient conditions.
Characterization of Antibiosis and Antixenosis to the Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Several Soybean Genotypes (2006)

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an introduced pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., in North America, and it can reduce yields by 50%. Since 2000, when A. glycines was first detected in the United States, studies of this insect and possible control methods have been initiated. Plant resistance to this aphid species is one important component of integrated control. Reproduction of A. glycines was compared on 240 soybean entries in a pesticide-free greenhouse. Eleven entries had fewer nymphs produced, compared with the susceptible checks, and these entries were used in follow-up experiments to assess antibiosis and antixenosis. Antibiosis was estimated in true no-choice tests, in which adults were confined individually in double-sided sticky cages stuck to the upper side of leaves. Antixenosis was assessed in choice tests, in which all entries were planted in a single pot. Adult aphids were placed in the center of the pot, and 24 h later the number of adults on each plant was counted. Of the 11 entries evaluated, nine showed a moderate antibiotic effect to A. glycines, and the other two entries (K1639 and Pioneer 95B97) showed not only a strong antibiotic effect but also exhibited antixenosis as a category of resistance to A. glycines. The resistant soybean entries found in this work are potential sources for A. glycines control.
Asynchronous Growth of Prostate Cancer Is Reflected by Circulating Tumor Cells Delivered from Distinct, Even Small Foci, Harboring Loss of Heterozygosity of the PTEN Gene (2006)

The clinical value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is still a matter of debate and it is also still unclear if these CTCs actually represent the primary tumor. Therefore, we isolated PSA-positive CTCs from the peripheral blood of patients suffering from multifocal cancers and did genetic profiling of each cancer focus by a multiplex PCR-based microsatellite analysis (D7S522, D8S522, NEFL, D10S541, D13S153, D16S400, D16S402, D16S422, and D17S855). In 17 of 20 prostate cancer cases, the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) pattern of the CTCs was identical with only one focus of the primary tumor. Moreover, in six cases, the LOH pattern suggested that smaller foci, down to 0.2 cm3, might deliver CTCs. Interestingly, the highest number of LOHs was observed at the marker D10S541 (85%), the PTEN gene, which was observed much less frequently in unifocal prostate cancer (48%). Furthermore, the infrequently occurring LOH in the BRCA1 gene (38%) was found in four of the five cases where a biochemical recurrence was seen within 3 years after prostatectomy. Therefore, the data might support the assumption that CTCs in prostate cancer are derived from distinct foci of a primary tumor. The size of the tumor focus is not related to the delivery of cells. Although the number of cases that were investigated in this study was small, it might be suggested that the LOH at distinct markers such as D10S541 and D17S855 represent the genes PTEN and BRCA1, which might be associated with the occurrence of CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients as well as an early biochemical recurrence.
The use of the Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase gene as a gene fusion marker for studies of gene expression in higher plants (1987)

Conference Article| February 01 1987 The use of the Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase gene as a gene fusion marker for studies of gene expression in higher plants RICHARD A JEFFERSON; RICHARD A JEFFERSON 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Plant Breeding Institute, Maris Lane, Trumpington, Cambridge CB2 2LQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MIKE BEVAN; MIKE BEVAN 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Plant Breeding Institute, Maris Lane, Trumpington, Cambridge CB2 2LQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar TONY KAVANAGH TONY KAVANAGH 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Plant Breeding Institute, Maris Lane, Trumpington, Cambridge CB2 2LQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1987) 15 (1): 17–18. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150017 Article history Received: July 09 1986 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation RICHARD A JEFFERSON, MIKE BEVAN, TONY KAVANAGH; The use of the Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase gene as a gene fusion marker for studies of gene expression in higher plants. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1987; 15 (1): 17–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150017 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: GUS, β-glucuronidase, Cab, chlorophyll a/b binding protein gene, Rubisco, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, MUG, 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-glucuronide, 4-MU, 4-methyl-umbelliferone, CAT, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, NPT II, neomycin phosphotransferase This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Biochemical Society1987 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
PmrA–PmrB‐regulated genes necessary for 4‐aminoarabinose lipid A modification and polymyxin resistance (1998)

Antimicrobial peptides are distributed throughout the animal kingdom and are a key component of innate immunity. Salmonella typhimurium regulates mechanisms of resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides through the two‐component systems PhoP–PhoQ and PmrA–PmrB. Polymyxin resistance is encoded by the PmrA–PmrB regulon, whose products modify the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core and lipid A regions with ethanolamine and add aminoarabinose to the 4′ phosphate of lipid A. Two PmrA–PmrB‐regulated S . typhimurium loci ( pmrE and pmrF ) have been identified that are necessary for resistance to polymyxin and for the addition of aminoarabinose to lipid A. One locus, pmrE , contains a single gene previously identified as pagA (or ugd ) that is predicted to encode a UDP‐glucose dehydrogenase. The second locus, pmrF , is the second gene of a putative operon predicted to encode seven proteins, some with similarity to glycosyltransferases and other complex carbohydrate biosynthetic enzymes. Genes immediately flanking this putative operon are also regulated by PmrA–PmrB and/or have been associated with S . typhimurium polymyxin resistance. This work represents the first identification of non‐regulatory genes necessary for modification of lipid A and subsequent antimicrobial peptide resistance, and provides support for the hypothesis that lipid A aminoarabinose modification promotes resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides.
Least-squares estimation: from Gauss to Kalman (1970)

This discussion is directed to least-squares estimation theory, from its inception by Gauss1 to its modern form, as developed by Kalman.2 To aid in furnishing the desired perspective, the contributions and insights provided by Gauss are described and related to developments that have appeared more recently (that is, in the 20th century). In the author's opinion, it is enlightening to consider just how far (or how little) we have advanced since the initial developments and to recognize the truth in the saying that we ``stand on the shoulders of giants.''
Error Correction Techniques for Handwriting, Speech, and Other Ambiguous or Error Prone Systems (1999)

Interfaces which support natural inputs such as handwriting and speech are becoming more prevalent and this is a desirable trend. However, these recognitionbased interface techniques are error prone. Despite research efforts to improve recognition rates, a certain amount of error will never be removed. Suitable research efforts should attend to the problem of correction techniques for these error prone techniques. Humans have developed countless ways to correct errors in understanding or clarify ambiguous statements. It is time for interface designers to focus on ways for computers to do the same. We present a survey of a new area of user interface research ---the design, implementation, and study of interfaces for correcting error prone input technologies. We ground the definition of this research topic in previous work by others and our own research into flexible pen-based note-taking environments. KEYWORDS: handwriting and speech recognition, interface design, error handling 1 INT...
A new epipolythiodioxopiperazine with antibacterial and cytotoxic activities from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. M336 (2017)

A new compound 6-formamide-chetomin (1) together with chetomin (2) was isolated from solid fermentation products of the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. M336, which were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS experiments. The bioassay result showed that compound 1 had strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 6539 and Enterococcus faecalis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.78 μg/mL; meanwhile it exhibited strong cytotoxicity with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 21.6-27.1 nM against cell lines HeLa, SGC-7901 and A549.
Improved decoding of LDPC coded modulations (2006)

A coded modulation belief propagation (CMBP) decoder is proposed for decoding LDPC codes with multilevel modulations. The decoder takes into account statistical dependencies among bits originating in the same symbol, providing better performance than the marginal BP (MBP) decoder. Asymptotically it converges to MAP decoding. The CMBP decoder is based on a single-level coding (SLC) scheme and does not suffer from practical disadvantages of multi-level coding (MLC) schemes. Furthermore, the CMBP decoder can close the capacity gap of the bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) SLC scheme. The BICM capacity gap increases when the modulation size increases and in scenarios where gray mapping is not possible.
6-(Dimethylamino)chrysene and other analogs of 4-(4-dimethylamino)stilbene (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT6-(Dimethylamino)chrysene and other analogs of 4-(4-dimethylamino)stilbeneCarl T. Bahnr, Brotherton David H., Harold Kinder, William Rich, Stuart L. Watson Jr., and John ZirkleCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1969, 12, 4, 722Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00304a051https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00304a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Two Members of the Tcf Family Implicated in Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling during Embryogenesis in the Mouse (1998)

Tcf transcription factors interact with beta-catenin and Armadillo to mediate Wnt/Wingless signaling. We now report the characterization of genes encoding two murine members of the Tcf family, mTcf-3 and mTcf-4. mTcf-3 mRNA is ubiquitously present in embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) mouse embryos but gradually disappears over the next 3 to 4 days. mTcf-4 expression occurs first at E10.5 and is restricted to di- and mesencephalon and the intestinal epithelium during embryogenesis. The mTcf-3 and mTcf-4 proteins bind a canonical Tcf DNA motif and can complex with the transcriptional coactivator beta-catenin. Overexpression of Wnt-1 in a mammary epithelial cell line leads to the formation of a nuclear complex between beta-catenin and Tcf proteins and to Tcf reporter gene transcription. These data demonstrate a direct link between Wnt stimulation and beta-catenin/Tcf transcriptional activation and imply a role for mTcf-3 and -4 in early Wnt-driven developmental decisions in the mouse embryo.
Synthesis of d(GC) and d(CG) octamers containing alternating phosphorothioate linkages: effect of the phosphorothioate group on the B-Z transition (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of d(GC) and d(CG) octamers containing alternating phosphorothioate linkages: effect of the phosphorothioate group on the B-Z transitionRichard Cosstick and Fritz EcksteinCite this: Biochemistry 1985, 24, 14, 3630–3638Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00335a035https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00335a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Small molecule sensitizers for near-infrared absorption in polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells (2008)

A low band gap small molecule chromophore has been incorporated into a polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell yielding increased carrier generation in the near infrared and increased overall short circuit current. The use of a small concentration of a soluble oligothiophene with a diketopyrrolopyrrole core can extend the absorption and photocurrent of poly(3-hexyl thiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester solar cells to 800 nm. Photocurrent from the dye embedded within the polymer BHJ is demonstrated, and the use of soluble small molecule sensitizers as a path toward high efficiency solar cells is discussed.
A Role for CD40 Expression on CD8 + T Cells in the Generation of CD8 + T Cell Memory (2002)

The delivery of CD4 help to CD8+ T cell responses requires interactions between CD40 and CD40 ligand and is thought to occur through antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation. Here we show that generation of memory CD8+ T cells displaying an enhanced capacity for cell division and cytokine secretion required CD4 help but not CD40 expression by the APCs. Activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressed CD40; and in the absence of this protein, CD8+ T cells were unable to differentiate into memory cells or receive CD4 help. These results suggest that, like B cells, CD8+ T cells receive CD4 help directly through CD40 and that this interaction is fundamental for CD8+ T cell memory generation.
Optical down-sampling of wide-band microwave signals (2003)

Phase-encoded optical sampling allows radio-frequency and microwave signals to be directly down-converted and digitized with high linearity and greater than 60-dB (10-effective-bit) signal-to-noise ratio. Wide-band electrical signals can be processed using relatively low optical sampling rates provided that the instantaneous signal bandwidth is less than the Nyquist sampling bandwidth. We demonstrate the capabilities of this technique by using a 60-MS/s system to down-sample two different FM chirp signals: 1) a baseband (0-250 MHz) linear-chirp waveform and 2) a nonlinear-chirp waveform having a 10-GHz center frequency and a frequency excursion of 1 GHz. We characterize the frequency response of the technique and quantify the analog bandwidth limitation due to the optical pulse width. The 3-dB bandwidth imposed by a 30-ps sampling pulse is shown to be 10.4 GHz. We also investigate the impact of the pulse width on the linearity of the phase-encoded optical sampling technique when it is used to sample high-frequency signals.
Cutting Edge: Anti-CD154 Therapeutic Antibodies Induce Infectious Transplantation Tolerance (2000)

Nondepleting anti-CD154 (CD40 ligand) mAbs have proven effective in inducing transplantation tolerance in rodents and primates. In the induction phase, anti-CD154 Ab therapy is known to enhance apoptosis of Ag reactive T cells. However, this may not be the sole explanation for tolerance, as we show in this study that tolerance is maintained through a dominant regulatory mechanism which, like tolerance induced with CD4 Abs, manifests as infectious tolerance. Therefore, tolerance induced with anti-CD154 Abs involves not only the deletion of potentially aggressive T cells, but also a contagious spread of tolerance to new cohorts of graft-reactive T cells as they arise.
One‐bead–one‐structure combinatorial libraries (1995)

Combinatorial libraries employing the one-bead-one-compound technique are reviewed. Two distinguishing features characterize this technique. First, each compound is identified with a unique solid support, enabling facile segregation of active compounds. Second, the identity of a compound on a positively reacting bead is elucidated only after its biological relevance is established. Direct methods of structure identification (Edman degradation and mass spectroscopy) as well as indirect "coding" methods facilitating the synthesis and screening of nonpeptide libraries are discussed. Nonpeptide and "scaffold" libraries, together with a new approach for the discovery of a peptide binding motif using a "library of libraries," are also discussed. In addition, the ability to use combinatorial libraries to optimize initially discovered leads is illustrated with examples using peptide libraries.
Activin IIB receptor blockade attenuates dystrophic pathology in a mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy (2010)

Modulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling to promote muscle growth holds tremendous promise for the muscular dystrophies and other disorders involving the loss of functional muscle mass. Previous studies have focused on the TGF-β family member myostatin and demonstrated that inhibition of myostatin leads to muscle growth in normal and dystrophic mice. We describe a unique method of systemic inhibition of activin IIB receptor signaling via adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer of a soluble form of the extracellular domain of the activin IIB receptor to the liver. Treatment of mdx mice with activin IIB receptor blockade led to increased skeletal muscle mass, increased force production in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and reduced serum creatine kinase. No effect on heart mass or function was observed. Our results indicate that activin IIB receptor blockade represents a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for the muscular dystrophies.
Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas Systems: Physiological Input to Enhance Next-Generation Devices (2014)

To provide an understanding of both the preclinical and clinical aspects of closed-loop artificial pancreas systems, we provide a discussion of this topic as part of this two-part Bench to Clinic narrative. Here, the Bench narrative provides an in-depth understanding of insulin-glucose-glucagon physiology in conditions that mimic the free-living situation to the extent possible in type 1 diabetes that will help refine and improve future closed-loop system algorithms. In the Clinic narrative, Doyle and colleagues compare and evaluate technology used in current closed-loop studies to gain further momentum toward outpatient trials and eventual approval for widespread use.
The therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoid system for Alzheimer's disease (2012)

Based on the complex pathology of AD, a preventative, multimodal drug approach targeting a combination of pathological AD symptoms appears ideal. Importantly, cannabinoids show anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antioxidant properties and have immunosuppressive effects. Thus, the cannabinoid system should be a prime target for AD therapy. The cannabinoid receptor 2 appears to be a promising candidate but its role in AD has to be investigated cautiously. Furthermore, the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol is of particular interest as it lacks the psychoactive and cognition-impairing properties of other cannabinoids. In conclusion, future research should focus on the evaluation of the effects of manipulations to the endocannabinoid system in established animal models for AD, combined with early-phase studies in humans.