gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medication noncompliance in schizophrenia: codification and update. (1986)

Risk of relapse and recidivism makes the failure to take antipsychotic medication as prescribed a significant issue in forensic psychiatry. This question may arise in such contexts as the setting of bail, plea bargaining, the insanity defense, and sentencing. We have reviewed the literature on medication noncompliance in schizophrenia and present here the results, organized by topics relevant for the work of forensic mental health experts. Reported rates of noncompliance vary widely, reflecting major differences in the populations studied and the methods used as well as the complexities involved in defining noncompliant behavior. A noncompliance rate of 50 percent has been attributed globally to chronic patients, both medical and psychiatric. The tendency of significant factors to interact precludes a simple typology of noncompliance. However, environmental security and supportiveness correlate positively with adherence; whereas anxiety, paranoia, grandiosity, depression, and side effects correlate negatively. Clinicians' assessments of whether medication is being taken have proven to be unreliable. Although monitoring by chemical measurement, particularly a radioreceptor assay for urine samples, can be useful, depot injection ensures that prescribed medication is being taken. Less invasive means of promoting compliance are described; psychodynamic and ethical issues to be considered in the monitoring and promotion of compliance over extended time periods are presented. We also probe the link between medication noncompliance and behavioral relapse. The time between default and relapse is most often measured in weeks. Whether due to medication withdrawal or not, the relapse pattern of each individual tends to repeat, allowing its recognition before recidivism occurs. Restarting medication at this stage, especially with a dosage increase, is usually effective. In sum, the forensic mental health expert can now readily use a large and diverse literature to assist with a variety of significant issues.
Procalcitonin and other biomarkers to improve assessment and antibiotic stewardship in infections - hope for hype? (2009)

This review aims to provide physicians with an overview of the potential of procalcitonin to guide antibiotic therapy in respiratory tract infections and in sepsis. Knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of procalcitonin are prerequisites for a rational and safe use in clinical routine. In most infections a true gold standard for diagnosis does not exist, therefore physicians must remain sceptical towards observational studies evaluating procalcitonin. Interpretation of procalcitonin levels must always include the clinical setting and knowledge of assay characteristics, particularly the setting of specific cut-off ranges and functional assay sensitivities. Highly sensitive procalcitonin measurements, embedded in a clearly defined setting and prospectively validated with clinical algorithms were repeatedly effective in markedly reducing the (over)-utilisation of antimicrobial therapy. Today, this concept has been proven for lower respiratory tract infections and in pilot studies for meningitis and critically ill patients with sepsis. The higher the absolute risk for adverse outcome of a patient, the more cautious physicians must remain and empirical antibiotic therapies must be considered despite initial low procalcitonin levels at the initial presentation. In these patients a procalcitonin-guided shortening of antibiotic courses seems appropriate. The prognostic utility of initial procalcitonin measurement in respiratory tract infections is suboptimal. Other biomarkers including cortisol, human growth hormone and prohormones from adrenomedullin and vasopressin ("copeptin") have a superior predictive potential to estimate the risk for short and long term mortality and other adverse outcomes in different diseases. An accurate prognostic assessment has the potential to optimise the management of patients and the allocation of our limited health care resources by lowering unnecessary hospitalisations and associated cost. Future intervention studies must prove if these biomarkers indeed improve clinical decision making and thus the overall medical management of patients.
Low-Temperature Nanocrystal Unification through Rotations and Relaxations Probed by in Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (2008)

Through the mechanism of "oriented attachment", small nanocrystals can fuse into a wide variety of one- and two-dimensional nanostructures. This fusion phenomenon is investigated in detail by low-temperature annealing of a two-dimensional array of 10 nm-sized PbSe nanocrystals, in situ in the transmission electron microscope. We have revealed a complex chain of processes; after coalescence, the connected nanocrystals undergo consecutive rotations in three-dimensional space, followed by drastic interfacial relaxations whereby full fusion is obtained.
Atmospheric sampling glow discharge ionization source for the determination of trace organic compounds in ambient air (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAtmospheric sampling glow discharge ionization source for the determination of trace organic compounds in ambient airScott A. McLuckey, Gary L. Glish, Keiji G. Asano, and Barry C. GrantCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 20, 2220–2227Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00171a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00171a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views761Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
What do we know about manufacturing reshoring? (2017)

Purpose The aim of this paper is to analyze and classify research that has been conducted on manufacturing reshoring, i.e. the decision to bring back to the home country production activities earlier offshored, independently of the governance mode (insourcing vs outsourcing). Consequently, the paper also aims at providing avenues for future research and to highlight the distinct value of studying manufacturing reshoring either per se or in combination with other constructs of the international business tradition. Design/methodology/approach A set of 57 carefully selected articles on manufacturing reshoring published in international journals or books indexed on Scopus in the past 10 years was systematically analyzed based on the “5Ws and 1H” (who-what-where-when-why and how) set of questions. Findings The authors’ work shows a certain convergence among authors regarding what reshoring is and what its key features and motivations are. In contrast, other related aspects, such as the decision-making and implementation processes, are comparatively less understood. Research limitations/implications As manufacturing reshoring is a “recent” topic, for some of its aspects, only exploratory research is available to date, limiting the authors’ possibility to either characterize it in a more exhaustive way or highlight well-established patterns. Practical implications The paper demonstrates that studying reshoring will indeed contribute to expanding our understanding of internationalization processes and strategies in general and of production internationalization specifically. While past studies have argued that the learning derived from international experience would permit firms to overcome their unfamiliarity with new business environments, reshoring might show that this outcome is not necessarily certain. Rather, firms might not be able to overcome obstacles because of internationalization or they might realize that attempting to do so is not desirable, e.g. because of excessive risk or changes in the firm’s strategic priorities. Social implications From a societal point of view, the present research underlines that reshoring can be part of that re-industrialization policy that many Western countries include in their economic agenda – yet, its impact on employment should not be overestimated, as often relocation is only in regard to some product lines. At the same time, there might be an intimate relationship between reshoring and the various forms of technological innovations applied to manufacturing – which has become popularly labeled as “Industry 4.0”. Originality/value Literature reviews proposed until now usually paid almost exclusive attention to motivations driving this phenomenon. This paper offers a broader and more comprehensive examination of the extant knowledge of manufacturing reshoring and identifies the main unresolved issues and knowledge gaps, which future research should investigate.
Mechanical stress activates the nuclear factor‐kappaB pathway in skeletal muscle fibers: a possible role in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2003)

The ex vivo effects of passive mechanical stretch on the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathways in skeletal muscles from normal and mdx mouse, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), were investigated. The NF-kappaB/DNA binding activity of the diaphragm muscle was increased by the application of axial mechanical stretch in a time-dependent manner. The increased activation of NF-kappaB was associated with a concomitant increase in I-kappaB (IkappaB) kinase activity and the degradation of IkappaBalpha protein. Pretreatment of the muscles with nifedipine (a Ca2+ channel blocker) and gadolinium(III) chloride (a stretch-activated channel blocker) did not alter the level of activation of NF-kappaB, ruling out involvement of Ca2+ influx through these channels. Furthermore, N-acetyl cysteine, a free radical inhibitor, blocked the mechanical stretch-induced NF-kappaB activation, suggesting the involvement of free radicals. Compared with normal diaphragm, the basal level of NF-kappaB activity was higher in muscles from mdx mice, and it was further enhanced in mechanically stretched muscles. Furthermore, activation of NF-kappaB and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the mdx mouse precede the onset of muscular dystrophy. Our results show that mechanical stretch activates the classical NF-kappaB pathway and this pathway could be predominately active in DMD.
Tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression of a chimeric actin-globin gene in transgenic mice. (1986)

A chimeric plasmid containing about 2/3 of the rat skeletal muscle actin gene plus 730 base pairs of its 5' flanking sequences fused to the 3' end of a human embryonic globin gene (D. Melloul, B. Aloni, J. Calvo, D. Yaffe, and U. Nudel, EMBO J. 3:983-990, 1984) was inserted into mice by microinjection into fertilized eggs. Eleven transgenic mice carrying the chimeric gene with or without plasmid pBR322 DNA sequences were identified. The majority of these mice transmitted the injected DNA to about 50% of their progeny. However, in transgenic mouse CV1, transmission to progeny was associated with amplification or deletion of the injected DNA sequences, while in transgenic mouse CV4 transmission was distorted, probably as a result of insertional mutagenesis. Tissue-specific expression was dependent on the removal of the vector DNA sequences from the chimeric gene sequences prior to microinjection. None of the transgenic mice carrying the chimeric gene together with plasmid pBR322 sequences expressed the introduced gene in striated muscles. In contrast, the six transgenic mice carrying the chimeric gene sequences alone expressed the inserted gene specifically in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Moreover, expression of the chimeric gene was not only tissue specific, but also developmentally regulated. Similar to the endogenous skeletal muscle actin gene, the chimeric gene was expressed at a relatively high level in cardiac muscle of neonatal mice and at a significantly lower level in adult cardiac muscle. These results indicate that the injected DNA included sufficient cis-acting control elements for its tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression in transgenic mice.
Dose-Response Relationship Between Thyroid Hormone and Growth Velocity in Cynomolgus Monkeys (1988)

To investigate the dose-response relationship between thyroid hormone and linear growth, we studied 10 castrated prepubertal cynomolgus monkeys. Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of methimazole (0.0125% in drinking water) and was confirmed by high serum TSH levels (greater than 40 mU/L) in all animals. Subsequently, each animal received 1, 2, 4, or 8 micrograms/kg.day T4, im, for 9 weeks. The sequence of T4 doses was random, and 6 weeks elapsed between successive T4 doses. Serum T4, T3, TSH, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels and lower leg length were measured every 3 weeks. Methimazole administration decreased thyroid hormone and IGF-I levels and lower leg growth rate. With increasing doses of exogenous T4, serum T4, T3, and IGF-I as well as lower leg growth rate increased significantly. Animals not given T4 had a 65% decrease in lower leg growth rate (P less than 0.01). Animals given 4 and 8 micrograms/kg.day T4 had 56% and 73% increases, respectively, in lower leg growth rate compared to baseline (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). Lower leg growth rate correlated better with serum T3 (r = 0.50; P less than 0.001) than with serum T4 (r = 0.29; P less than 0.05). Lower leg growth rate also correlated with serum IGF-I levels (r = 0.53; P less than 0.001). Serum IGF-I correlated with serum T3 (r = 0.47; P less than 0.001), but not with serum T4. We conclude that increased serum T4 and T3 levels cause progressive increases in growth velocity and IGF-I levels over a range from moderate hypothyroidism to moderate hyperthyroidism. Growth velocity and IGF-I levels correlated more strongly with the serum T3 than with the serum T4 level.
Molecular cloning and partial characterization of delta-crystallin cDNA sequences in a bacterial plasmid. (1979)

Double-stranded cDNA synthesized from delta-crystallin mRNA isolated from lens fiber cells of 15-day-old embryonic chicken was cloned in Escherichia coli chi 1776 in the Pst I site of the plasmid pBR322 by using the oligo(dC) . oligo(dG) joining procedure. Twelve Amps Tetr transformants contained sequences complementary to purified delta-crystallin [32P]cDNA. One of the recombinant clones (p delta Cr-2) had an insert of 1241 +/- 240 base pairs, as judged by R-looping analysis with purified delta-crystallin mRNA. The inserted cDNA represents at least 69% of the delta-crystallin coding sequences. p delta Cr-2 was further characterized by restriction analysis, protection of delta-crystallin [3H]cDNA from digestion by S1 nuclease, and hybrid-mediated arrest of delta-crystallin mRNA translation in vitro. p delta Cr-2 provides an invaluable probe for additional analysis of the primary structure, gene organization, and regulated synthesis of delta-crystallin, the principal protein synthesized during lens differentiation in the chicken embryo.
Hydrothermal synthesis of iron(III) phosphates in the presence of urea (2000)

Iron(III) phosphates have been synthesized directly under mild hydrothermal conditions. The reaction of FeCl3, H3PO4 and (NH2)2CO aqueous solutions at 180 °C leads to the formation of four individual compounds: FePO4·2H2O, Fe(NH4)(HPO4)2, Fe2(NH4)(OH)(PO4)2·2H2O and Fe(NH3)2PO4. The reaction product depends on the Fe∶P∶C molar ratio in the reaction mixture. The effect of urea on the reaction route is discussed.
CD40 ligand is not essential for the development of cell-mediated immunity and resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (1998)

It has been proposed that the induction of cellular immunity and resistance to intracellular pathogens is dependent upon CD40 ligand (CD40L). In the present study we show that this proposal is not ubiquitously supported. Mice genetically deficient in CD40L (CD40LKO) were resistant to i.v. infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis when assessed by survival and bacteriologic burden in the spleen, liver, and lungs. Infected CD40LKO mice developed granulomas that lacked epithelioid cells and were less numerous and markedly smaller than those observed in control mice. Upon stimulation with purified protein derivative of M. tuberculosis, CD4+ T cells from infected CD40LKO mice proliferated and produced high levels of IFN-gamma but not IL-4. Finally, spleen cells from CD40LKO mice stimulated with M. tuberculosis produced IL-12, TNF, and nitric oxide levels comparable to those produced by control cells. In contrast to original proposals, these data clearly show that protective Thl immunity can be achieved against intracellular pathogens (e.g., Mycobacterium) independently of CD40L.
[Efficacy of myocardial preservation using HTK solution in continuous 120 min cross-clamping method--a comparative study with GIK method]. (1993)

The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of HTK solution in the 120 minutes cross-clamping method in comparison with conventional intermittent cardioplegia using GIK solution. Fifty-four open heart surgery were performed with cardioplegic solution using either HTK solution (HTK) or GIK solution (GIK). In the HTK, HTK (3L) was infused for the initial dose and 1L was added every 60 min after 120 min of cross-clamping. In GIK, 1L of GIK solution was intermittently infused initially and then every 30 min together with continuous cold blood perfusion. The effect of two cardioplegic solution was evaluated by postoperative cardiac function (CI, %SF), released enzymes (CPK), histology and dosage of catecholamine. Postoperative CI was 3.67 +/- 0.76 in HTK, and 4.34 +/- 1.04 in GIK (NS). % SF was 26.0 +/- 5.26 in HTK and 25.6 +/- 0.76 in HTK, and 4.34 +/- 1.04 in GIK (NS). %SF was 26.0 +/- 5.26 in HTK and 25.6 +/- 9.2 in GIK (NS). The CK-MB (IU/dl) level after reperfusion was significantly decreased in HTK at 60 and 180 min after reperfusion. Histology at 60 min of ischemia revealed a significant increase of edema of mitochondria in GIK. Postoperative catecholamine dose was 2.65 +/- 1.3 in HTK and 10.3 +/- 3.4 in GIK (p < -0.01). PH of myocardium was well maintained around 7.4 during cross-clamping in HTK, however, it was decreased in GIK. In conclusion, The HTK method offers a reliable cardiac protection due to effective buffering using Histidine in comparison with GIK.
Large formamidinium lead trihalide perovskite solar cells using chemical vapor deposition with high reproducibility and tunable chlorine concentrations (2015)

Formamidinium perovskite films have been prepared by chemical vapor deposition, with cells demonstrating PCEs up to 14.2%, stability up to 155 days, semitransparency, large-area (1 cm<sup>2</sup>), and tunable chlorine concentrations.
DNA Diagnostics—Molecular Techniques and Automation (1988)

Molecular biology has revolutionized the understanding of many aspects of human disease. Ongoing developments in DNA diagnostics--the analysis of disease at the nucleic acid level--will soon provide automated, rapid, and inexpensive analyses for DNA or RNA sequences associated with genetic, malignant, and infectious diseases. DNA diagnostics will also facilitate the identification of disease-associated genes at birth, thus creating new opportunities for preventive medicine.
Spinal cord stimulation in 60 cases of intractable pain. (1991)

Sixty patients with spinal cord stimulators implanted for intractable pain lasting up to 50 years were followed for up to nine years. Forty seven per cent derived significant benefit, 23% modest benefit, 20% experienced no effect and 6.7% were made worse. Two were made worse after initial benefit. Complications, indications and factors relevant to the mode of action are discussed.
Importance of endothelial VCAM-1 for inflammatory leukocytic infiltration in vivo (1992)

The microvascular endothelia of rejecting DBA/2----C57B1/6 murine cardiac allografts develop reactivity with the mAb M/K-2, which recognizes the murine homologue of the human leukocyte adhesion molecule VCAM-1. This reactivity does not develop in DBA/2----DBA/2 cardiac isografts or normal DBA/2 cardiac tissues. To determine whether endothelial VCAM-1 plays a role in allograft inflammation, cardiac allograft recipients were treated with M/K-2 antibody and monitored for leukocytic graft infiltration and graft survival. Treatment of the graft recipients with 200 micrograms/day M/K-2 Ig prolonged graft survival by 5 to 6 days (statistically significant); whereas treatment with 100 micrograms M/K-2 Ig every other day after transplant did not influence graft survival. Neither treatment interfered with leukocytic infiltration, as detected histologically or by limiting dilution analysis. The high dose treatment, but not the low dose treatment, resulted in high circulating levels of M/K-2, as detected by serum ELISA, and prominent antibody deposition on the graft vascular endothelia, as demonstrated by immunohistologic analysis. These data demonstrate that VCAM-1 is uniquely expressed on the vascular endothelia of rejecting murine cardiac allografts, and that a mAb to VCAM-1 can interfere with the allograft rejection process. Although this antibody can interfere with lymphocyte-endothelial adhesion in vitro, it has little effect on leukocytic infiltration in rejecting allografts suggesting that this process does not depend exclusively on VCAM-1 expression.
LTE-Advanced Air Interface Technology (2012)

Opportunities are at hand for professionals eager to learn and apply the latest theories and practices in air interface technologies. Written by experienced researchers and professionals, LTE-Advanced Air Interface Technology thoroughly covers the performance targets and technology components studied by 3GPP for LTE-Advanced. Besides being an expla