gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted gene therapy for cancer: herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene-mediated cell killing leads to anti-tumour immunity that can be augmented by co-expression of cytokines in the tumour cells (1997)

Conference Article| May 01 1997 Targeted gene therapy for cancer: herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene-mediated cell killing leads to anti-tumour immunity that can be augmented by co-expression of cytokines in the tumour cells R. G. Vile; R. G. Vile ‡ *Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, ICRF Oncology Unity, RPMS, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London WI2 ONN, U.K. ‡To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. M. Diaz; R. M. Diaz †ICRF/Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SEI 7EM, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. Castleden; S. Castleden *Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, ICRF Oncology Unity, RPMS, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London WI2 ONN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H. Chong H. Chong *Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, ICRF Oncology Unity, RPMS, Hammersmith Hospital, DuCane Road, London WI2 ONN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (2): 717–722. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250717 Article history Received: November 25 1996 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. G. Vile, R. M. Diaz, S. Castleden, H. Chong; Targeted gene therapy for cancer: herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene-mediated cell killing leads to anti-tumour immunity that can be augmented by co-expression of cytokines in the tumour cells. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1997; 25 (2): 717–722. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250717 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: GC, ganciclovir, GM-CSF, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, HSVtk, thymidine kinase gene from herpes simplex virus, IL, interleukin, LTR, long terminal repeat, Mo, Moloney This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Identification of Brazilian flaviviruses by a simplified reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method using Flavivirus universal primers. (1998)

We report a simplified reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for identification of Brazilian flaviviruses based on the patterns of electrophoretic separation of the amplicons. The RT-PCR was done on the culture fluids of Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells infected with Brazilian flaviviruses, without previous extraction of viral RNA, using Flavivirus universal primers that anneal to highly conserved sequences within the nonstructural protein 5 and 3'- non translated region of the virus genome. Genomes of 13 Brazilian Flavivirus isolates were amplified. It was not possible to amplify the genome of Bussuquara virus. Analysis of the RT-PCR products gave reproducible results and three distinct amplicon patterns were observed. Cacipacoré (800-850 basepairs [bp]) and yellow fever viruses (600 bp) yielded a single amplicon; dengue virus types 1 and 2 (650 and 550 bp), dengue virus type 4 (550 and 450 bp), Iguape (650-600 bp and 750-700 bp), St. Louis encephalitis (700 and 650-600 bp), and Rocio viruses (600 and 500-550 bp) yielded two amplicons; and Ilheus virus yielded five amplicons, two larger than 1,000 bp, one 650-700 bp, one 550-600 bp, and one 450-500 bp. The analysis of amplicon DNA sequences of six viruses showed homology with the 3'- nontranslated region of Flavivirus genome. The use of the Flavivirus universal primers in this simple RT-PCR technique is suitable as a screening test for the genus Flavivirus, with the exception of Bussuquara virus, in Brazilian isolates in tissue culture fluid.
Fumaric acid esters are effective in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and suppress macrophage infiltration (2006)

Fumaric acid esters (FAE) have proven their therapeutic efficacy in psoriasis, a Th1 mediated skin disease. More recently, preliminary data have suggested an activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well. To investigate further possible mechanisms of action of these compounds in inflammatory diseases, we studied the FAE methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by immunization of C57BL/6 mice with MOG peptide aa 35-55. Preventive treatment with these FAE was delivered twice a day by oral gavage. Both esters had a significant therapeutic effect on the disease course and histology showed a strongly reduced macrophage inflammation in the spinal cord. Multiparameter cytokine analysis from blood detected an increase of IL-10 in the treated animals. We conclude that the underlying biological activity of FAE in EAE is complex and, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, further investigation is needed.
Power control based admission policies in cellular radio networks (2003)

The problem of limiting the cochannel interference between transmitter-receiver pairs in a cellular network to acceptable levels, while accommodating as many transmissions as possible, is addressed. The controllable network parameters, are the transmission powers of the base stations, and possibly of mobiles too, in the cells. Efficient adaptive control of the powers guarantees quality of service above a certain threshold at all times, given the continuously changing traffic of communication requests in the network. The quality criterion used in this study is the carrier-to-interference ratio (C/I) at the receiver.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Herbicide Resistant Transgenic Sugarcane Plants Containing the bar Gene (1996)

We have obtained herbicide resistant transgenic sugarcane plants ( Saccharum spp. hybrids) of the commercial cultivar NCo 310. A particle inflow gun was used to bombard embryogenic calli obtained from immature inflorescences with microprojectiles coated with a plasmid containing the coding region of the bar gene fused to the maize ubiquitin‐l( Ubi ‐1) promoter, first exon, and first intron. Shoots were regenerated from calli selected for resistance to bialaphos (1 mg/L), and rooted on herbicide‐containing medium (3 mg/L). Plants regenerated on selective media were screened for the presence of the bar gene by polymerase chain reaction. Northern blot analysis showed that transgenics were producing chimeric transcripts of the proper size. Most of the transformants examined displayed resistance to the commercial herbicide Ignite applied either to leaf segments or to the entire plant at dosages lethal to noutransformed controls. Southern blot analysis confirmed stable integration of three to 10 copies of the transgene into the sugarcane genome. A well‐characterized transformant was submitted to three rounds of vegetative propagation, as well as through meristem culture. All resulting propagated clones displayed herbicide resistance comparable to the original transformant. The above results demonstrate that the bar gene can be an effective selectable marker in sugarcane transformation studies.
Oral administration of cannabis with lipids leads to high levels of cannabinoids in the intestinal lymphatic system and prominent immunomodulation (2017)

Cannabidiol (CBD) and ∆<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have well documented immunomodulatory effects in vitro, but not following oral administration in humans. Here we show that oral co-administration of cannabinoids with lipids can substantially increase their intestinal lymphatic transport in rats. CBD concentrations in the lymph were 250-fold higher than in plasma, while THC concentrations in the lymph were 100-fold higher than in plasma. Since cannabinoids are currently in clinical use for the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and to alleviate nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients, lymphocytes from those patients were used to assess the immunomodulatory effects of cannabinoids. The levels of cannabinoids recovered in the intestinal lymphatic system, but not in plasma, were substantially above the immunomodulatory threshold in murine and human lymphocytes. CBD showed higher immunosuppressive effects than THC. Moreover, immune cells from MS patients were more susceptible to the immunosuppressive effects of cannabinoids than those from healthy volunteers or cancer patients. Therefore, administering cannabinoids with a high-fat meal or in lipid-based formulations has the potential to be a therapeutic approach to improve the treatment of MS, or indeed other autoimmune disorders. However, intestinal lymphatic transport of cannabinoids in immunocompromised patients requires caution.
Incremental Maintenance of Externally Materialized Views (1996)

With the advent of the Internet, access to database servers from autonomous clients will become more and more popular. In this paper, we propose a monitoring service that could be offered by such database servers, and present algorithms for its implementation. In contrast to published view maintenance algorithms, we do not assume that the server has access to the original materialization when computing differential view changes to be notified. We also do not assume any database capabilities on the client side and therefore compute precisely the required differentials rather than just an approximation, as is done by cache coherence techniques in homogeneous clientserver databases. The method has been implemented in ConceptBase, a meta data management system supporting an Internet-based client-server architecture, and tried out in some cooperative design applications. 1 Introduction Facilitated by the Internet, wide-area access to database servers by autonomous clients (which may or ma...
A role for the interchain disulfide or its participating thiols in the internalization of botulinum neurotoxin A revealed by a toxin derivative that binds to ecto-acceptors and inhibits transmitter release intracellularly. (1993)

Botulinum neurotoxin type A consists of a disulfide-linked light and heavy chain, with an intradisulfide present within the C-terminal half of the latter. The functional consequences of reducing these bonds and alkylating the thiols were investigated. Modification of free cysteine residues had no effect on the toxicity in mouse bioassays or on acetylcholine release in the mouse nerve-diaphragm and the buccal ganglion of Aplysia californica. However, reduction of the toxin prior to alkylation drastically decreased neuroparalytic potency; yet, this derivative inhibited transmitter release if injected directly into a presynaptic neuron in the Aplysia ganglion or added to bovine permeabilized adrenal chromaffin cells. Its antagonism of the action of botulinum neurotoxin A at mammalian motor nerve endings and Aplysia neurons indicates retention of the ability to bind to the toxin's productive ecto-acceptors. Thus, the abolition of the toxicity of extracellularly applied botulinum neurotoxin A by the cleavage of both disulfides, and the alkylation of the half-cystines involved, results from ineffective uptake. Modified forms of the isolated chains of botulinum neurotoxin A were utilized to determine which of the disulfides were necessary for internalization. Alkylation of the cysteines in the light and heavy chains, including those involved in the interchain bond but excluding those of the intact disulfide in the heavy chain, revealed that the intermolecular bond must be present, or the thiols concerned unmodified, for botulinum neurotoxin A to undergo membrane translocation into Aplysia neurons.
Hemoglobin G Makassar: beta-6 Glu leads to Ala. (1970)

Hb G Makassar was found in a young male resident of Makassar, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia during a survey in 1969. The singly-slow variant now has been shown to have its structural anomaly at the β-6 or A3 position where the glutamyl residue normally present is replaced by an alanyl residue. The relative proportions of Hb A and Hb G Makassar, neglecting HB A 2 and Hb A 3 , were 54 and 46%, respectively. Although its structural change occurs at the same position as that in Hb S, Hb G Makassar appears to have the properties of normal Hb A.
Inhibition of Nodal signalling by Lefty mediated through interaction with common receptors and efficient diffusion (2002)

Efficient inhibition of Nodal signals by Lefty may involve competitive binding of Lefty to the common receptors and faster diffusion of Lefty.
The structural basis for pyocin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharides. (1991)

Pyocin resistance in a strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been found to be associated with structural differences in the oligosaccharide moieties of the gonococcal outer membrane lipooligosaccharides (LOS). N. gonorrhoeae strain 1291 had been treated with several pyocins, usually lethal bacteriocins produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a series of surviving mutants were selected. The LOS of these pyocin-resistant mutants had altered electrophoretic mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels (Dudas, K. C., and Apicella, M. A. (1988) Infect. Immun. 56, 499-504). Structural analyses of the oligosaccharide portions of the wild-type (1291 wt) and five pyocin-resistant strains (1291a-e) by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, and methylation analysis revealed that four of the mutant strains make oligosaccharides that differ from the wild-type LOS by successive saccharide deletions (1291a,c-e) and, in the oligosaccharide of 1291b, by the addition of a terminal Gal to the 1291c structure. The composition, sequence, and linkages of the terminal tetrasaccharide of the wild-type LOS are the same as the lacto-N-neotetraose terminus of the human paragloboside (Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc-ceramide), and both glycolipids bound the same monoclonal antibodies O6B4/3F11 that recognize this terminal epitope. None of the pyocin-resistant mutants bound this antibody. The 1291b LOS bound a monoclonal antibody that is specific for Gal alpha 1----4Gal beta 1----4Glc-ceramide (Pk glycosphingolipid) and shared a common composition, sequence, and linkages with this latter glycosphingolipid. Organisms that bound the anti-Pk monoclone occurred at the rate of approximately 1/750 among the wild-type parent strain. This structural information supports the conclusion that treatment with pyocin selects for mutants with truncated LOS structures and suggests that the oligosaccharides contained in the LOS of the wild-type strain and 1291b mimic those of human glycosphingolipids.
Structural resolution of a tandem hormone-binding element in the insulin receptor and its implications for design of peptide agonists (2010)

The C-terminal segment of the human insulin receptor alpha-chain (designated alphaCT) is critical to insulin binding as has been previously demonstrated by alanine scanning mutagenesis and photo-cross-linking. To date no information regarding the structure of this segment within the receptor has been available. We employ here the technique of thermal-factor sharpening to enhance the interpretability of the electron-density maps associated with the earlier crystal structure of the human insulin receptor ectodomain. The alphaCT segment is now resolved as being engaged with the central beta-sheet of the first leucine-rich repeat (L1) domain of the receptor. The segment is alpha-helical in conformation and extends 11 residues N-terminal of the classical alphaCT segment boundary originally defined by peptide mapping. This tandem structural element (alphaCT-L1) thus defines the intact primary insulin-binding surface of the apo-receptor. The structure, together with isothermal titration calorimetry data of mutant alphaCT peptides binding to an insulin minireceptor, leads to the conclusion that putative "insulin-mimetic" peptides in the literature act at least in part as mimics of the alphaCT segment as well as of insulin. Photo-cross-linking by novel bifunctional insulin derivatives demonstrates that the interaction of insulin with the alphaCT segment and the L1 domain occurs in trans, i.e., these components of the primary binding site are contributed by alternate alpha-chains within the insulin receptor homodimer. The tandem structural element defines a new target for the design of insulin agonists for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
A three-compartment model for the transport and distribution of Hippuran (1976)

It is generally believed that after an intravenous injection of Hippuran its concentration in the plasma can be described as the sum of two exponentials. However, by collecting samples during the first minute after injection of the tracer, a third exponential term was found with a half-life of less than one minute. To explain its presence it was assumed that the plasma shares its Hippuran with two peripheral compartments, the rate of transfer from one compartment to another being proportional to the amount in the first of them. The proportionality factors have been determined for 20 adults and averaged. Substituting these averages in the differential equations for the distribution process, the only variable remaining is the renal excretion rate a (the fraction of plasma cleared per minute by the kidneys). If this procedure, which appears to be justified by the experimental results, is correct the shape of the plasma curve will be determined exclusively by a. It is shown that the (small) third compartment has a minor influence on the shape of the renogram curves.
Left Atrial Voltage during Atrial Fibrillation in Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Patients (2009)

Patients with persistent AF had significantly lower LA voltage compared with patients with paroxysmal AF even after adjustment for differences in indexed LA volume. LA voltage represents an independent covariate of clinical manifestation of AF.
Embedded unit selection text-to-speech synthesis for mobile devices (2009)

Nowadays, unit selection based text-to-speech technology is the mainstream approach for near natural speech synthesis systems. However, this is achieved at the expense of raised requirements in terms of computational resources. This work describes design and implementation approaches for the efficient integration of this technology in computational environments with limited resources, such as mobile devices, with no considerable speech quality degradation. In particular, the issues of database reduction, acoustic inventory compression and runtime computational load minimization are mainly addressed in this paper. Both objective and subjective assessments confirm the effectiveness of these approaches in terms of constructing a general purpose embedded unit selection TTS system and reducing the computational requirements while maintaining high speech quality.
Identification of a plastidial phenylalanine exporter that influences flux distribution through the phenylalanine biosynthetic network (2015)

In addition to proteins, L-phenylalanine is a versatile precursor for thousands of plant metabolites. Production of phenylalanine-derived compounds is a complex multi-compartmental process using phenylalanine synthesized predominantly in plastids as precursor. The transporter(s) exporting phenylalanine from plastids, however, remains unknown. Here, a gene encoding a Petunia hybrida plastidial cationic amino-acid transporter (PhpCAT) functioning in plastidial phenylalanine export is identified based on homology to an Escherichia coli phenylalanine transporter and co-expression with phenylalanine metabolic genes. Radiolabel transport assays show that PhpCAT exports all three aromatic amino acids. PhpCAT downregulation and overexpression result in decreased and increased levels, respectively, of phenylalanine-derived volatiles, as well as phenylalanine, tyrosine and their biosynthetic intermediates. Metabolic flux analysis reveals that flux through the plastidial phenylalanine biosynthetic pathway is reduced in PhpCAT RNAi lines, suggesting that the rate of phenylalanine export from plastids contributes to regulating flux through the aromatic amino-acid network.
Long tube implants in the management of glaucoma. (1976)

The design, surgical insertion and results of a plastic draining implant for severe glaucoma are reported. The need for pharmacological control of bleb inflammation is stressed and the favourable long-term outlook for patients with such implants is discussed.
SiGe HBT Technology: Future Trends and TCAD-Based Roadmap (2016)

A technology roadmap for the electrical performance of high-speed silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) is presented based on combining the results of various 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation tools with geometry scalable compact modeling. The latter, including all known parasitic effects, enables the accurate determination of the figures of merit for both devices and selected benchmark circuits. The presented roadmap defines five major technology nodes with the maximum oscillation frequency of a typical high-frequency device structure as the main device design target under the constraints of various other parameters for generating the doping profiles and for defining the lateral scaling factors. An extensive and consistent set of technology and electrical parameters is provided along with the obtained scaling rules. The expected fabrication-related challenges and possible solutions for achieving the predicted performance are being discussed. It is hoped that the presented roadmap will be useful not only for foundries and equipment manufacturers but also for circuit and system designers enabling better predictions of the capability of SiGe-BiCMOS process technology for new millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and terahertz (THz) applications.
Post-transplant bronchiolitis obliterans (2003)

Over the last decade, improvements in surgical techniques, lung preservation, immunosuppression, and management of ischaemia/reperfusion injury and infections have made intermediate-term survival after lung transplantation an achievable goal. However, chronic allograft dysfunction in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans remains a major hurdle that threatens both the quality of life and long-term survival of the recipients. It affects up to 50-60% of patients who survive 5 yrs after surgery, and it accounts for >30% of all deaths occurring after the third postoperative year. This article discusses the alloimmune-dependent and -independent risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans, the current understanding of the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans based on results of animal and human studies, the clinical staging of the complication, strategies that may contribute to the prevention and/or early detection of bronchiolitis obliterans, and suggestions for future research.