gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of the HER-2/ neu Proto-Oncogene in Human Breast and Ovarian Cancer (1989)

Carcinoma of the breast and ovary account for one-third of all cancers occurring in women and together are responsible for approximately one-quarter of cancer-related deaths in females. The HER-2/neu proto-oncogene is amplified in 25 to 30 percent of human primary breast cancers and this alteration is associated with disease behavior. In this report, several similarities were found in the biology of HER-2/neu in breast and ovarian cancer, including a similar incidence of amplification, a direct correlation between amplification and over-expression, evidence of tumors in which overexpression occurs without amplification, and the association between gene alteration and clinical outcome. A comprehensive study of the gene and its products (RNA and protein) was simultaneously performed on a large number of both tumor types. This analysis identified several potential shortcomings of the various methods used to evaluate HER-2/neu in these diseases (Southern, Northern, and Western blots, and immunohistochemistry) and provided information regarding considerations that should be addressed when studying a gene or gene product in human tissue. The data presented further support the concept that the HER-2/neu gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of some human cancers.
Evolution of a Catabolic Pathway in Bacteria (1964)

Genetic derepression of ribitol dehydrogenase in a mutant of Aerobacter aerogenes, strain 1033, enabled it to grow on xylitol, a substrate of the enzyme, but not its inducer. A derivative strain with an improved rate of growth on xylitol was obtained from the first mutant. The faster growth rate was made possible by the production of an altered ribitol dehydrogenase, as demonstrated by an increase in its activity on xylitol relative to ribitol and by its decreased heat stability.
Evaluation in humans of the effects of radiocellular telephones on the circadian patterns of melatonin secretion, a chronobiological rhythm marker (1999)

A decrease in melatonin secretion has been observed in small mammals under exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. As there is some concern about possible health effects of the increasing use of radiocellular telephones emitting radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, we examined whether such fields would alter melatonin levels in the human. Volunteers were two groups totalling 38 men, 20-32 yr old. Exposures were to commercially available cellular telephones of the GSM 900 type (Global System for Mobile communication at 900 MHz) or DCS 1800 type (Digital Communication System at 1800 MHz), for 2 hr/day, 5 days/wk, for 4 wk, at their maximum power. Attention of the volunteers was sustained by TV projection of movies. Blood samples were collected hourly during the night and every 3 hr in the daytime. Four sampling sessions were performed at 15-day intervals: before the beginning of the exposure period, at the middle and the end of the exposure period, and 15 days later to evaluate the persistence or late appearance of potential effects. Evaluated parameters were the maximum serum concentration, the time of this maximum, and the area under the curve of the hormone profile. Melatonin circadian profile was not disrupted in 37 young male volunteers submitted to a typical pattern of exposure to the electromagnetic fields generated by two common types of cell phones.
Cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B-specific antibody analysis using electrochemiluminescence detection-based techniques (1997)

An electrochemiluminescence technique was used to develop versatile and sensitive assay strategies for determination of seroreactivities against biologically important cytomegalovirus neutralization epitopes expressed on glycoprotein B. Indirect binding assays showed wide linear assay ranges and revealed that serum samples diluted in parallel with a monoclonal antibody-based standard, simplifying quantitative analytical assessments.
Disordering Effects of Digitonin on Phospholipid Monolayers (2017)

Digitonin, a steroidal saponin obtained from the foxglove plant (Digitalis purpurea), displays a wide spectrum of biological properties and is often used as a model in mechanistic investigations of the biological activity of saponins. In the present study, Langmuir monolayers of zwitterionic (DPPC, DMPE, POPC, POPE, DSPC, DSPE, and DPPE) and ionic (DPPS and DPPG) phospholipids were employed in order to better understand the effect of digitonin on the lipid organization. For this purpose, a combination of surface pressure relaxation, infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and fluorescence microscopy measurements was used. The observed increase in surface pressure (Π) suggests that digitonin can adsorb at the air/water interface, both bare and covered with the uncompressed phospholipid monolayers. However, the detailed analysis of IRRAS and fluorescence microscopy data shows that digitonin interacts with the lipid monolayers in a very selective way, and both the headgroup and the lipid tails affect this interaction. Nevertheless, it should be noted that in no case did digitonin cause any disruptive effects on the monolayers. The DPPE and DPPS monolayers get disordered by penetration with digitonin, despite an increase in surface pressure, leading to an unprecedented LC-LE transition. Interestingly, saponin could be easily squeezed out of these monolayers by mechanical compression.
Carminic Acid Procedure for Determination of Boron (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarminic Acid Procedure for Determination of BoronD. L. Callicoat and J. D. WolszonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 8, 1434–1437Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60152a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60152a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views232Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An architecture for designing internationalized software (2002)

Presents a modular architecture for designing internationalized software, called ISDA-i (Internationalized Software Design Architecture). This architecture successfully combines the user requirements for highly personalized applications with the developer requirements for easily maintained, reusable software components incorporating high localization potential. It enlarges the reusable software libraries and minimizes the size of the program core. All the configurable components of a software application are systematically stored in external configuration and resource files, which a system administrator or end-user may edit in order to modify its appearance and behavior.
(d)-β-Hydroxybutyrate Inhibits Adipocyte Lipolysis via the Nicotinic Acid Receptor PUMA-G (2005)

As a treatment for dyslipidemia, oral doses of 1-3 grams of nicotinic acid per day lower serum triglycerides, raise high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and reduce mortality from coronary heart disease (Tavintharan, S., and Kashyap, M. L. (2001) Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 3, 74-82). These benefits likely result from the ability of nicotinic acid to inhibit lipolysis in adipocytes and thereby reduce serum non-esterified fatty acid levels (Carlson, L. A. (1963) Acta Med. Scand. 173, 719-722). In mice, nicotinic acid inhibits lipolysis via PUMA-G, a Gi/o-coupled seven-transmembrane receptor expressed in adipocytes and activated macrophages (Tunaru, S., Kero, J., Schaub, A., Wufka, C., Blaukat, A., Pfeffer, K., and Offermanns, S. (2003) Nat. Med. 9, 352-355). The human ortholog HM74a is also a nicotinic acid receptor and likely has a similar role in anti-lipolysis. Endogenous levels of nicotinic acid are too low to significantly impact receptor activity, hence the natural ligands(s) of HM74a/PUMA-G remain to be elucidated. Here we show that the fatty acid-derived ketone body (D)-beta-hydroxybutyrate ((D)-beta-OHB) specifically activates PUMA-G/HM74a at concentrations observed in serum during fasting. Like nicotinic acid, (D)-beta-OHB inhibits mouse adipocyte lipolysis in a PUMA-G-dependent manner and is thus the first endogenous ligand described for this orphan receptor. These findings suggests a homeostatic mechanism for surviving starvation in which (D)-beta-OHB negatively regulates its own production, thereby preventing ketoacidosis and promoting efficient use of fat stores.
APOBEC3A cytidine deaminase induces RNA editing in monocytes and macrophages (2015)

The extent, regulation and enzymatic basis of RNA editing by cytidine deamination are incompletely understood. Here we show that transcripts of hundreds of genes undergo site-specific C>U RNA editing in macrophages during M1 polarization and in monocytes in response to hypoxia and interferons. This editing alters the amino acid sequences for scores of proteins, including many that are involved in pathogenesis of viral diseases. APOBEC3A, which is known to deaminate cytidines of single-stranded DNA and to inhibit viruses and retrotransposons, mediates this RNA editing. Amino acid residues of APOBEC3A that are known to be required for its DNA deamination and anti-retrotransposition activities were also found to affect its RNA deamination activity. Our study demonstrates the cellular RNA editing activity of a member of the APOBEC3 family of innate restriction factors and expands the understanding of C>U RNA editing in mammals.
A paclitaxel-loaded recombinant polypeptide nanoparticle outperforms Abraxane in multiple murine cancer models (2015)

Packaging clinically relevant hydrophobic drugs into a self-assembled nanoparticle can improve their aqueous solubility, plasma half-life, tumour-specific uptake and therapeutic potential. To this end, here we conjugated paclitaxel (PTX) to recombinant chimeric polypeptides (CPs) that spontaneously self-assemble into ∼60 nm near-monodisperse nanoparticles that increased the systemic exposure of PTX by sevenfold compared with free drug and twofold compared with the Food and Drug Administration-approved taxane nanoformulation (Abraxane). The tumour uptake of the CP-PTX nanoparticle was fivefold greater than free drug and twofold greater than Abraxane. In a murine cancer model of human triple-negative breast cancer and prostate cancer, CP-PTX induced near-complete tumour regression after a single dose in both tumour models, whereas at the same dose, no mice treated with Abraxane survived for >80 days (breast) and 60 days (prostate), respectively. These results show that a molecularly engineered nanoparticle with precisely engineered design features outperforms Abraxane, the current gold standard for PTX delivery.
Current-mode techniques for high-speed VLSI circuits with application to current sense amplifier for CMOS SRAM's (1991)

The speed of VLSI chips is increasingly limited by signal delay in long interconnect lines. A simple analysis shows that major speed improvements are possible when using current-mode rather than conventional voltage-mode signal transporting techniques. The key to this approach is the use of low-resistance current-signal circuits to drastically reduce the impedance level and the voltage swings on long interconnect lines. As an example, a simple four-transistor current-sense amplifier for fast CMOS SRAMs is proposed. The circuit presents a virtual short circuit to the bit lines, thus reducing the sensing delay, which is rendered practically insensitive to the bit-line capacitance. In addition, the virtual short circuit ensures equal bit-line voltages, thus eliminating the need for bit-line equalization during a read access.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
BH3 Mimetic ABT-737 Potentiates TRAIL-Mediated Apoptotic Signaling by Unsequestering Bim and Bak in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2008)

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to induce mitochondrial apoptotic signaling that can be negatively regulated by prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins. ABT-737 is a small-molecule BH3 mimetic that binds to and antagonizes Bcl-2/Bcl-x(L) but not Mcl-1. We show that ABT-737 can synergistically enhance TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. ABT-737 was shown to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis as shown by DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-8 and Bid, and cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. A Bax conformational change induced by TRAIL was enhanced by ABT-737. ABT-737 disrupted the interaction of Bak with Bcl-x(L) in both cell lines. Furthermore, ABT-737 untethered the proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim from its sequestration by Bcl-x(L) or Bcl-2. Bim small hairpin RNA (shRNA) was shown to attenuate caspase-3 cleavage and to reduce the cytotoxic effects of TRAIL plus ABT-737 compared with shRNA control cells. Finally, Mcl-1 shRNA potentiated caspase-3 cleavage by ABT-737 and enhanced its cytotoxic effects. Taken together, ABT-737 augments TRAIL-induced cell killing by unsequestering Bim and Bak and enhancing a Bax conformational change induced by TRAIL. These findings suggest a novel strategy to enhance cross-talk between the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways to improve therapeutic efficacy against pancreatic cancer.
Intelligent Policy Resource Management for Advanced Broadband Access Networks (2007)

This paper proposes an intelligent resource allocation and bandwidth management scheme for use in advanced broadband access networks. One key challenge facing current broadband access service providers is the need to deal with peer-to-peer applications (e.g., Skype and Bit Torrent) and other popular but bandwidth-intensive applications such as Sling Media. Currently, peer-to-peer traffic occupies over 80% of backbone Internet traffic. However, the star topology that is common in many broadband access deployments creates a local bottleneck at the central headend when handling such applications. We first examine how resources can be scheduled for different traffic types in a broadband access network. Based on these studies, we then propose an intelligent resource management (IRM) algorithm. The intelligent algorithm can also be used to provide different service tiers and prevent serious security attacks. We employ OPNET simulation and an experimental implementation to evaluate the merits of the proposed scheme. It is shown that the IRM scheme performs better than conventional scheduling schemes. Specifically, the scheme can manage and control bandwidth-intensive applications, and provide fair bandwidth allocation. The broader impacts of the IRM scheme are the ability to mitigate serious security problems (e.g., worm viruses and denial of service attacks), and the ability to deliver quadruple play services while meeting required performance metrics. This capability will become increasingly important with the emergence of pervasive mobile broadband access networks such as Wi-Max, IMS, and meshed Wi-Fi.
The Role of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Experimental Chronic Pancreatitis Model Induced by Dibutyltin Dichloride in Rats (2002)

These results suggest that this experimental model of pancreatic fibrosis induced by DBTC in rats was useful as a chronic pancreatitis model and that MCP-1 may play an important role in the development of pancreatic fibrosis.
Prostaglandins in Human Seminal Plasma (1966)

Abstract 1. The acidic fraction of a lipid extract of human seminal plasma was analyzed for compounds giving ultraviolet absorption at 278 mµ before or after treatment with NaOH. 2. By means of silicic acid chromatography, reversed phase partition chromatography, and thin layer chromatography eight prostaglandins, not previously recognized, having the above properties, were isolated in pure form. 3. Four of the isolated compounds were identified by comparison with known substances as: 15-hydroxy-9-ketoprosta10,13-dienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-9-ketoprosta-5,10, 13-trienoic acid, 15-hydroxy-9-ketoprosta-8(12),13-dienoic acid, and 15-hydroxy-9-ketoprosta-5,8(12),13-trienoic acid. 4. The other four compounds were assigned the following structures by physical methods and chemical degradations: 15,19-dihydroxy-9-ketoprosta-10,13-dienoic acid, 15,19-dihydroxy-9-ketoprosta-5,10,13-trienoic acid, 15,19-dihydroxy-9-ketoprosta-8(12),13-dienoic acid, and 15, 19-dihydroxy-9-ketoprosta-5,8-(12),12-trienoic acid. 5. The 19 hydroxy derivatives were present in about four times higher concentrations than the prostaglandin E compounds.
Design Principles for Riboswitch Function (2009)

Scientific and technological advances that enable the tuning of integrated regulatory components to match network and system requirements are critical to reliably control the function of biological systems. RNA provides a promising building block for the construction of tunable regulatory components based on its rich regulatory capacity and our current understanding of the sequence-function relationship. One prominent example of RNA-based regulatory components is riboswitches, genetic elements that mediate ligand control of gene expression through diverse regulatory mechanisms. While characterization of natural and synthetic riboswitches has revealed that riboswitch function can be modulated through sequence alteration, no quantitative frameworks exist to investigate or guide riboswitch tuning. Here, we combined mathematical modeling and experimental approaches to investigate the relationship between riboswitch function and performance. Model results demonstrated that the competition between reversible and irreversible rate constants dictates performance for different regulatory mechanisms. We also found that practical system restrictions, such as an upper limit on ligand concentration, can significantly alter the requirements for riboswitch performance, necessitating alternative tuning strategies. Previous experimental data for natural and synthetic riboswitches as well as experiments conducted in this work support model predictions. From our results, we developed a set of general design principles for synthetic riboswitches. Our results also provide a foundation from which to investigate how natural riboswitches are tuned to meet systems-level regulatory demands.
Randomized, Double Blind and Placebo Controlled Study Using a Combination of Two Probiotic Lactobacilli to Alleviate Symptoms and Frequency of Common Cold (2013)

Purpose: The efficacy of ProbiDefendum, a combination of the two lactobacilli Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL9 and Lactobacillus paracasei 8700:2, on the severity, duration and frequency of cold episodes was studied in a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Methods: A total of 310 subjects with increased risk for common cold infection (at least two episodes of common cold during the last six months) were enrolled and were randomly assigned to receive either active product (A-group) or placebo (P-group) over a period of 12 weeks. Subjects reported the occurrence and severity of cold episodes in a diary, scoring 13 different symptoms of common cold over a period of 7 days after the episode began. Results: In the total study population, cold episodes were reported in 148 cases (47.7%). In the A-group, 54 subjects acquired one and 18 subjects acquired 2 episodes whereas 83 subjects had none. In the P-group, 52 subjects reported one, 24 subjects reported 2 episodes and 79 subjects reported none. Although the number of episodes was similar in both groups, cold episodes in the active group were significantly shorter than in the placebo group. The total sum scores of cold symptoms were significantly lower in the active group as compared with the placebo group, as well as in the intention-to-treat (ITT) as in the per-protocol (PP) collectives (ITT: 75.2 ± 40.3 vs. 113.4 ± 66.3; p 0.001; PP: 73.1 ± 38.8 vs. 117.0 ± 66.1; p 0.001). The daily ingestion of the probiotics over a period of 12 weeks was well tolerated. Conclusion: The daily intake of the probiotic dietary supplement ProbiDefendum over a period of 12 weeks efficiently alleviated symptoms of common cold and the duration of cold episodes.
Leukemia and lymphoma: a cost of doing business for adaptive immunity (2006)

According to the old adage, "you don't get something for nothing." This is certainly the case for the novel genetic mechanisms involved in adaptive immunity-V(D)J recombination, class-switch recombination (CSR), and somatic hypermutation (SHM). These mechanisms allow animals to respond with great specificity to a seemingly limitless array of rapidly evolving microbes and their products while investing a relatively small amount of genetic capacity. The cost, however, is genomic instability and its potential contribution to malignancy. A majority of B-and T-cell leukemias and lymphomas are associated with chromosomal abnormalities that bear the hallmarks of aberrant V(D)J or class-switch recombination. In addition, there are examples of B-cell lymphomas with point mutations in proto-oncogenes consistent with a role for SHM. Recent work has led to an increasingly detailed understanding of the biochemistry of V(D)J recombination, CSR, and SHM. Attention is now being focused on precisely how these reactions contribute to genomic instability and cancer. A report by This and other approaches should allow for the identification of conditions that predispose people to leukemia and lymphoma and the genetic pathways that minimize this risk.
Region competition: unifying snakes, region growing, energy/Bayes/MDL for multi-band image segmentation (2002)

We present a novel statistical and variational approach to image segmentation based on a new algorithm named region competition. This algorithm is derived by minimizing a generalized Bayes/MDL (Minimum Description Length) criterion using the variational principle. We show that existing techniques in early vision such as, snake/balloon models, region growing, and Bayes/MDL are addressing different aspects of the same problem and they can be unified within a common statistical framework which combines their advantages. We analyze how to optimize the precision of the resulting boundary location by studying the statistical properties of the region competition algorithm and discuss what are good initial conditions for the algorithm. Our method is generalized to color and texture segmentation and is demonstrated on grey level images, color images and texture images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>