gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expanded Functionality of Polymers Prepared Using Metal-Free Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2016)

Photoredox-mediated metal-free ring-opening metathesis polymerization (MF-ROMP) is an alternative to traditional metal-mediated ROMP that avoids the use of transition metal initiators while also enabling temporal control over the polymerization. Herein, we explore the effect of various additives on the success of the polymerization in order to optimize reaction protocols and identify new functionalized monomers that can be utilized in MF-ROMP. The use of protected alcohol monomers allows for homo- and copolymers to be prepared that contain functionality beyond simple alkyl groups. Several other functional groups are also tolerated to varying degrees and offer insight into future directions for expansion of monomer scope.
Capsule type medical robot with magnetic drive in abdominal cavity (2008)

This paper describes the development of a medical robot that remains in the abdominal cavity in order to monitor sites of medical interest, and discusses robot travel operations and specifications. A long and narrow piece of ferromagnetic material was placed inside the robot, after which an external magnetic field was used to set the robot in motion. We developed a prototype robot, and conducted experiments in order to verify our proposed concept and the drive principles of the robot. In vivo experiments in a rabbit model showed that solenoids produced sufficient magnetic force to enable the robot to travel through the abdominal cavity, verifying the motion principles. The appropriate shape of the robot was confirmed in the experiments, and the friction between the robot and the organs and the abdominal wall was measured. Using a modified prototype of the robot, we conducted clinical experiments in the rabbit model in which a surgeon operated the XYZ axis stages in order to adjust the position of the subject for the experiment and moved the robot to the liver. Robot travel from the insertion point to the liver was verified on X-rays. The long travel distance of the robot was enabled by its improved shape and through the use of accurate magnetic field imaging.
Document Flattening through Grid Modeling and Regularization (2006)

For document images captured by a digital camera, perspective and geometric distortions make it hard to recognize the document content properly. In this paper, we propose an integrated document restoration technique, which is capable of removing perspective and geometric distortions, and producing a flattened and fronto-parallel text image that is friendly to the generic OCR systems. The proposed document restoration is accomplished through grid modeling, which divides camera images into multiple quadrilateral grids using vertical text directions and the x lines and base lines. The global distortions are then removed through grid regularization that transforms the quadrilateral grids together with the pixel contents to the regular square grids. Experimental results show the proposed method is fast and easy for implementation
Clinical trial analysis of 2019‐nCoV therapy registered in China (2020)

So far, there is a lack of effective drugs for the new coronavirus pneumonia. With more and more patients diagnosed, China has carried out more than 100 clinical studies of new coronavirus infection, including antiviral drugs, antimalarial drugs, glucocorticoids, plasma therapy, virus vaccine, and other Western drugs, while Chinese medicine research accounted for half of the studies. Most of the trials were initiated by investigators and the study period would last for 1 to 11 months. The primary endpoints included symptom improvement and virus nucleic acid turning negative, but the optimal endpoint has not been determined. Although the final results of studies will take a long time to complete, the interim research data may provide some help for the current urgent demand for drug treatment. Compared with that of during SARS period in 2003, China has the stronger capability to carry out clinical trials of new drugs in emergency period.
Sequence of human asialoglycoprotein receptor cDNA. An internal signal sequence for membrane insertion. (1985)

A cDNA library from the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2 was prepared in the expression vector lambda gt11. Using specific antibodies, a cDNA clone containing the entire coding sequence for the human asialoglycoprotein receptor was isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of 291 residues is very homologous to the sequence of the major asialoglycoprotein receptor protein from rat. The comparison shows that there is no significant post-translational processing and no leader sequence, cleaved or uncleaved, at the amino terminus. An internal signal sequence, probably the membrane-spanning segment, residues 41-59, is assumed to direct insertion of the carboxyl-terminal ligand binding portion of the receptor across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
On-Line Preconcentration of Triazine Herbicides with Tandem Octadecyl Capillaries - Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (1992)

Abstract Fused-silica capillaries having surface-bound octadecyl functions were developed for on-line preconcentration of dilute samples prior to capillary zone electrophoresis. The performance of tandem octadecyl capillaries-capillary zone electrophoresis was evaluated with solutes of environmental significance, e.g., prorheton and prornetryne. The on-line preconcentration was best achieved when oligomeric octadecyl capillaries having roughened inner walls were employed. The coupled configuration enhanced the detectability in terms of solute concentration by a factor of 10 to 35 as compared to that obtained by capillary zone electrophoresis alone. Large volumes of samples could be introduced without affecting separation efficiency.
Reversed‐phase ion‐pair Chromatographic separation of ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate from 3‐phosphoglycerate and its application as a new enzyme assay for RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase (1985)

HPLC Ion‐pair chromatography Ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate Ribulose 5‐monophosphate Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase 3‐Phosphoglycerate
Presence and regulation of .ALPHA.-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in a glutamate-producing bacterium, Brevibacterium flavum. (1980)

The presence of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dehydrogenase complex in the glutamate-producing bacteria was demonstrated for the first time with Brevibacterium flavum. The partially purified enzyme, which was specific to KG and NAD+ with the usual requirements for other co-factors, was labile and stabilized by glycerol, Mgt2+, and thiamine pyrophosphate. The enzyme showed an optimum pH of 7.6 and Kms of 80, 86, and 61μM for KG, NAD+, and CoA, respectively. cis-Aconitate, succinyl-CoA, NADPH, NADH, pyruvate, and oxalacetate strongly inhibited the activity, while it was activated by acetyl-CoA, but not by AMP. Various inorganic and organic salts also inhibited the activity. When cells were cultured in glucose and acetate media, the specific activity of the cell extracts increased markedly and reached to a maximum at the late-logarithmic phase. Then, it decreased to the basal level. The addition of glutamate stimulated the synthesis of the enzyme.
A Systematic Review of Measurement of Endoscopic Disease Activity and Mucosal Healing in Crohnʼs Disease (2014)

Both the endoscopic evaluative instrument selected and the definition chosen for mucosal healing affect the validity of assessing endoscopic disease activity during a clinical trial for CD. Currently, the CDEIS and SES-CD have the most data regarding operating properties; however, further validation is required.
A new sustained‐release preparation of human growth hormone and its pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profile (2005)

hGH-Biosphere(R) is a well-tolerated SR GH preparation with superior efficacy in achieving target IGF-I levels without causing supraphysiological GH concentrations. Our data suggest the suitability of this preparation for longer-term trials in adults with injection frequencies of no more than once every 2-3 weeks.
Simultaneous measurement of humidity and temperature by combining a reflective intensity-based optical fiber sensor and a fiber Bragg grating (2002)

A novel sensor capable of simultaneously measuring temperature and humidity has been fabricated and demonstrated using optical fiber waveguides. The sensor head is composed of a fiber Bragg grating and a low-finesse Fabry-Perot interferometric cavity. The Fabry-Perot cavity was fabricated using the electrostatic self-assembled monolayer process for the molecular-level deposition of materials of different thicknesses that form a humidity-sensitive coating on the end of the fiber, while the in-line Bragg grating fiber element is used to monitor temperature. Experimental results for a humidity range from 11% to 97% RH and for a temperature range from 10/spl deg/C to 85/spl deg/C are shown.
Automatic Dialog Act Segmentation and Classification in Multiparty Meetings (2006)

We explore the two related tasks of dialog act (DA) segmentation and DA classification for speech from the ICSI Meeting Corpus. We employ simple lexical and prosodic knowledge sources, and compare results for human-transcribed versus automatically recognized words. Since there is little previous work on DA segmentation and classification in the meeting domain, our study provides baseline performance rates for both tasks. We introduce a range of metrics for use in evaluation, each of which measures different aspects of interest. Results show that both tasks are difficult, particularly for a fully automatic system. We find that a very simple prosodic model aids performance over lexical information alone, especially for segmentation. Both tasks, but particularly word-based segmentation, are degraded by word recognition errors. Finally, while classification results for meeting data show some similarities to previous results for telephone conversations, findings also suggest a potential difference with respect to the effect of modeling DA context.
Prophylactic reinfusion of T cells for T cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (1999)

To increase the graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect while maintaining a low mortality from graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), we conducted a prospective study of T cell titration for 144 patients (90 related, 54 unrelated) between June 1994 and June 1997. Following infusion of a T cell-depleted marrow graft, predetermined doses of T cells, based on the risk factors for GVHD, were administered up to 3 times if greater than a grade II acute GVHD was not seen. Graft failure occurred in three unrelated recipients (2%). Cumulative grades II-IV acute GVHD were seen in 58 +/- 9% of all recipients; 52 +/- 11% related and 75 +/- 13% unrelated. The incidence of grades II-IV acute GVHD following the third add-back (AB) of T cells 78 median days after marrow infusion was lower than that of the earlier ABs: first AB, 36 +/- 8%; second AB, 32 +/- 11%; third AB, 15 +/- 12% (p < 0.05). Chronic GVHD occurred in 56 +/- 12% of related and 79 +/- 16% of unrelated patients. Six died of acute GVHD and two died of chronic GVHD, with an overall GVHD mortality of 6 +/- 4%. In multivariate analyses, unrelated recipients and patients at low risk for GVHD who received a larger number of T cells were identified as patient groups with significant risk for acute and chronic GVHD (both p < 0.05). Unrelated transplant is also shown to be significant for GVHD-related death (p < 0.01). Relapse-free survival of patients with leukemia was shown to be most dependent on chronic GVHD and grades II-IV acute GVHD (both p < 0.01). Anti-leukemic activity independent of GVHD was not observed.
1/F Frequency Noise Effects on Self-Heterodyne Linewidth Measurements for Coherent Communications (1990)

Abstract : The effects of 1/f frequency noise on self-heterodyne detection are described and the results are applied to the problem of laser-diode-linewidth measurement. Laser diode linewidths determined by self-heterodyne methods are not adequate predictors of coherent communications system performance because the measurements often include significant broadening due to 1/f frequency noise. In this report, the autorcorrelation function and power spectrum of the detected self-heterodyne photocurrent are developed in terms of an arbitrary frequency noise. From numerical analysis, the power spectrum resulting from the 1/f frequency noise is shown to be approximately Gaussian and an empirical expression is given for its linewidth. These results are applied to the problem of self-heterodyne linewidth measurements for coherent optical communications, and the amount of broadening due to 1/f frequency noise is predicted. Two methods are then provided for estimating the portion of the measured self- heterodyne linewidth due to the white component of the frequency noise and the portion due to 1/f frequency noise.
Reactive oxygen species mediate A??(25-35)-induced activation of BV-2 microglia (2001)

Microglial activation induced by beta-amyloid (A beta) is an important cellular response in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role as signaling molecules for the activation of NF-kappaB and induction of IL-1beta mRNA expression in A beta(25-35)-treated murine microglia BV-2 cells. ROS scavengers such catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics obviously reduced activation of NF-kappaB and the elevated level of IL-1beta transcripts induced by A beta(25-35). In addition, the A beta(25-35)-induced NF-kappaB activation and IL-1beta expression were suppressed by blockers of the ROS generating enzymes such as NADPH oxidase, cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase. These data suggest that ROS mediate A beta-induced microglial activation.
Syntheses of Pyridine C-Nucleosides as Analogues of the Natural Nucleosides dC and dU (2006)

The syntheses of four pyrimidine C-nucleosides are described. These derivatives are designed as mimics of dC and dU, and in that respect, each can form two hydrogen bonds with complementary dG or dA residues. The minor groove O2 carbonyl in each derivative is replaced by a fluorine or a methyl group. The key carbon−carbon bond connecting the heterocycle to the carbohydrate is formed using a Heck-type palladium-mediated coupling reaction.
Interleukin-21: An Interleukin-2 Dependent Player in Rejection Processes (2007)

IL-21 is a critical cytokine for IL-2 dependent immune processes. Blockade of the IL-21 pathway may provide a new perspective for the treatment of allogeneic responses in patients after transplantation.
Prednisolone succinate and prednisolone acetate in cattle: Pharmacokinetics and action on the adrenal gland (1985)

The pharmacokinetics of prednisolone were studied in a group of 6 cows given prednisolone 21-sodium succinate IV and IM (600 micrograms/kg of body weight expressed as prednisolone alcohol) and prednisolone acetate IM (600 micrograms/kg of body weight expressed as prednisolone alcohol). After IV administration of prednisolone 21-sodium succinate, the half-life of elimination was 3.6 +/- 1.177 hours. After IM administration of prednisolone 21-sodium succinate, absorption was rapid and complete. After IM administration of prednisolone acetate, absorption was very slow with an absorption half-life of 48 hours, but was still complete. Basal plasma hydrocortisone was about 7.5 ng/ml. After IV and IM administration of prednisolone 21-sodium succinate, plasma hydrocortisone returned to normal values within 48 hours. In contrast, after IM administration of prednisolone acetate, a long adrenal suppression lasting from 4 to 6 weeks was observed.
Magnetic resonance imaging-based assessment of cartilage loss in severe osteoarthritis: Accuracy, precision, and diagnostic value (2001)

Noninvasive quantitative MRI-based analysis of cartilage morphometry in severe OA is accurate, precise, and displays high potential diagnostic value.
Dose, timing, schedule, and the choice of targeted epitope alter the efficacy of anti-CD22 immunotherapy in mice bearing human lymphoma xenografts (2009)

CD22 is a cell-surface adhesion molecule on most B-cell NHL, so it is a promising target for immunotherapy. HB22.7 is an anti-CD22 mAb that binds the two NH(2)-terminal immunoglobulin domains and specifically blocks the interaction of CD22 with its ligand. CD22-blocking mAbs induce apoptosis in neoplastic B-cells and are functionally distinguishable from other anti-CD22 mAbs. This study assessed the optimal dose, route, schedule, and the targeted CD22 epitope. Raji NHL-bearing nude mice were studied. A non-blocking anti-CD22 mAb (HB22.27) was used as a control. HB22.27 had minimal effect, whereas HB22.7 improved survival and shrank tumors substantially. HB22.7 doses greater than 1.4 mg/week did not further increase efficacy (or toxicity). Tumors less than 200 mm(3) had a higher response rate than did larger tumors. Various schedules of HB22.7 administration were tested; one dose every other week was more effective than more or less frequent dosing. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the half-life of HB22.7 was 28 days; this correlated with the time needed to re-populate cell-surface CD22 after treatment with HB22.7. Immuno-PET showed that NHL was rapidly and specifically targeted by copper-64-labeled-HB22.7. This study provided data as to an optimal dose, route, schedule and interval between doses of HB22.7.
Conversion of Cellulose I to Stable Cellulose III (1986)

Cotton cellulose in fiber, yarn, or fabric form was converted from cellulose I to the cellulose III polymorph. Excellent conversion to III was obtained by immersing cotton (cellulose I) in liquid ammonia at room temperature, subjecting it to pressures from 689.5 to 11,721.5 kPa (100 to 1700 psi) while saturated with ammonia, and de-gassing the ammonia at either room temperature or elevated (about 140°C) temperatures. De-gassing at either temperature was equally effective. Complete conversion to III was obtained when cotton fibers from a never-dried cotton boll were dried with dime thoxypropane, treated with liquid ammonia at 140°C and at 11,721.5 kPa, and dried at or above the critical temperature (132.5°C). Crystalline cellulose III obtained under high pressures was stable to boiling water. After several hours in boiling water, there was only a slight indication of its conversion to IV. Complete conversion of III to IV was obtained by first subjecting III to anhydrous ethylenediamine and then to the aprotic polar solvent, dimethylformamide.
Autism, an extreme challenge to integrative medicine. Part 2: medical management. (2002)

Autism and allied autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) present myriad behavioral, clinical, and biochemical abnormalities. Parental participation, advanced testing protocols, and eclectic treatment strategies have driven progress toward cure. Behavioral modification and structured education are beneficial but insufficient. Dietary restrictions, including removal of milk and other casein dairy products, wheat and other gluten sources, sugar, chocolate, preservatives, and food coloring are beneficial and prerequisite to benefit from other interventions. Individualized IgG or IgE testing can identify other troublesome foods but not non-immune mediated food sensitivities. Gastrointestinal improvement rests on controlling Candida and other parasites, and using probiotic bacteria and nutrients to correct dysbiosis and decrease gut permeability. Detoxification of mercury and other heavy metals by DMSA/DMPS chelation can have marked benefit. Documented sulfoxidation-sulfation inadequacies call for sulfur-sulfhydryl repletion and other liver p450 support. Many nutrient supplements are beneficial and well tolerated, including dimethylglycine (DMG) and a combination of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and magnesium, both of which benefit roughly half of ASD cases. Vitamins A, B3, C, and folic acid; the minerals calcium and zinc; cod liver oil; and digestive enzymes, all offer benefit. Secretin, a triggering factor for digestion, is presently under investigation. Immune therapies (pentoxifyllin, intravenous immunoglobulin, transfer factor, and colostrum) benefit selected cases. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids offer great promise. Current pharmaceuticals fail to benefit the primary symptoms and can have marked adverse effects. Individualized, in-depth clinical and laboratory assessments and integrative parent-physician-scientist cooperation are the keys to successful ASD management.
Defect in biosynthesis of the linkage unit between peptidoglycan and teichoic acid in a bacteriophage-resistant mutant of Staphylococcus aureus (1978)

The biosynthesis of the linkage region between peptidoglycan and the ribitol teichoic acid was investigated in the bacteriophage-resistant, teichoic acid-less mutant Staphylococcus aureus 52A5 (Chatterjee et al., J. Bacteriol. 100:846--853, 1969). Membrane preparations of this strain were found to be incapable of forming the first intermediate of the biosynthetic pathway, namely, the transfer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from UDP-GlcNAc to the acceptor molecule, which presumbably is undecaprenol phosphate (R. Bracha and L. Glaser, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 72:1091--1098, 1976). The addition of heat-inactivated membrane preparations of S. aureus 52A2 (which normally has ribitol teichoic acid) that had been preincubated with UDP-GlcNAc to membranes of strain 52A5 enabled the synthesis of teichoic acid. These data suggest that the mutational defect in the teichoic acid-less organism is in the synthesis of the first compound of the linkage unit, and this is apparently the reason for its absence in the cell walls.
Wafer level high-frequency measurements of photodetector characteristics (1988)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text John A. Modolo, Gordon Wood Anderson, Francis J. Kub, and Ingham A. G. Mack, "Wafer level high-frequency measurements of photodetector characteristics," Appl. Opt. 27, 3059-3061 (1988) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Natriuretic peptide C receptor signalling in the heart and vasculature (2007)

Natriuretic peptides (NPs), including atrial, brain and C-type natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP and CNP), bind two classes of cell surface receptors: the guanylyl cyclase-linked A and B receptors (NPR-A and NPR-B) and the C receptor (NPR-C). The biological effects of NPs have been mainly attributed to changes in intracellular cGMP following their binding to NPR-A and NPR-B. NPR-C does not include a guanylyl cyclase domain. It has been denoted as a clearance receptor and is thought to bind and internalize NPs for ultimate degradation. However, a substantial body of biochemical work has demonstrated the ability of NPR-C to couple to inhibitory G proteins (Gi) and cause inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and activation of phospholipase-C. Recently, novel physiological effects of NPs, mediated specifically by NPR-C, have been discovered in the heart and vasculature. We have described the ability of CNP, acting via NPR-C, to selectively inhibit L-type calcium currents in atrial and ventricular myocytes, as well as in pacemaker cells (sinoatrial node myocytes). In contrast, our studies of the electrophysiological effects of CNP on cardiac fibroblasts demonstrated an NPR-C-Gi-phospholipase-C-dependent activation of a non-selective cation current mediated by transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. It is also known that CNP and BNP have important anti-proliferative effects in cardiac fibroblasts that appear to involve NPR-C. In the mammalian resistance vessels, including mesenteric and coronary arteries, CNP has been found to function as an NPR-C-dependent endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor that regulates local blood flow and systemic blood pressure by hyperpolarizing smooth muscle cells. In this review we highlight the role of NPR-C in mediating these NP effects in myocytes and fibroblasts from the heart as well as in vascular smooth muscle cells.