gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cultured adult cardiac myocytes Future applications, culture methods, morphological and electrophysiological properties (1998)

Isolated adult cardiac myocytes maintained in primary culture have been used as a model of the adult myocardium for 20 years. With the recent advances and current interest in using molecular biological techniques to investigate cardiac physiology, culturing myocytes is becoming an increasingly important technique. Acutely isolated myocytes do not remain viable for the time needed for the changes in gene expression to occur, and therefore it is necessary to maintain myocytes in culture. The aims of this review are: (1) To describe a method for isolating and culturing myocytes in serum-free medium. This section is targeted at new researchers in the field, with particular emphasis on aspects of the isolation procedure which are important for optimising myocyte culture. (2) To review current knowledge of how contractile, electrophysiological and morphological properties of adult myocytes are preserved in culture. Over the past 5 to 10 years significant advances have been made in developing novel techniques which help maintain the in-vivo properties of myocytes in culture. Efficient methods for transporting exogenous genes and anti-sense oligonucleotides into adult myocytes are now available. We anticipate that in future these advances will make cultured myocytes more attractive for use in biophysical and molecular investigations of cardiac physiology.
Importance of the amino terminus of the interleukin-8 receptor in ligand interactions. (1993)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and growth regulatory gene/melanoma growth stimulatory activity (GRO/MGSA) are small polypeptide molecules involved in the chemotactic response of certain cell types. Two receptors have been described which interact with IL-8, designated type 1 and type 2. IL-8 binds with high affinity to both receptors, whereas GRO/MGSA and neutrophil-activating peptide-2 demonstrate a high degree of binding only to the type 2 receptor. The two forms of IL-8 receptor are members of the rhodopsin seven-helix membrane-spanning superfamily, and share a high degree of overall homology, although the amino termini are very divergent. By using conserved restriction enzyme sites, a series of chimeric IL-8 receptor molecules were constructed between the type 1 and type 2 receptors and transfected into human 293 kidney epithelial cells. These chimeric molecules altered regions of the receptor presented to the ligand. The ability of the chimeric receptors to bind IL-8 was determined, as well as the ability of IL-8 and GRO/MGSA to inhibit radiolabeled IL-8 binding. The amino terminus of the IL-8 receptors was found to be important for differential binding of GRO/MGSA and IL-8. In addition, a series of peptides was also constructed to further investigate which residues of IL-8 receptor interact with IL-8. These peptides also identified the amino-terminal sequence of the IL-8 receptors as being important in interacting with IL-8.
Photochemical Cycloaromatization Reactions ofortho-Dialkynylarenes:  A New Class of DNA Photocleaving Agents (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPhotochemical Cycloaromatization Reactions of ortho-Dialkynylarenes: A New Class of DNA Photocleaving AgentsRaymond L. Funk, Erick R. R. Young, Robert M. Williams, Mark F. Flanagan, and Tricia L. CecilView Author Information Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 13, 3291–3292Publication Date (Web):April 3, 1996Publication History Received30 June 1995Published online3 April 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9521482https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9521482rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views907Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal cleavage,Cyclization,Genetics,Hydrocarbons,Irradiation Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of Apoptosis by Amphiregulin via an Insulin‐like Growth Factor‐1 Receptor—Dependent Pathway in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines (2003)

The reciprocal activation of amphiregulin (AR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) pathways has been shown to induce inhibition of serum deprivation apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines H358 and H322. We demonstrated that AR activated the IGF1 receptor (IGF1-R), which in turn induced the secretion of AR and IGF1. Transactivation of the IGF1-R by AR is independent of its binding to EGFR. Thus, AR can inhibit apoptosis in NSCLC cells through an IGF1-R-dependent pathway.
The Multiple Sequence Alignment Problem in Biology (1988)

The study and comparison of sequences of characters from a finite alphabet is relevant to various areas of science, notably molecular biology. The measurement of sequence similarity involves the consideration of the different possible sequence alignments in order to find an optimal one for which the “distance” between sequences is minimum. By associating a path in a lattice to each alignment, a geometric insight can be brought into the problem of finding an optimal alignment. This problem can then be solved by applying a dynamic programming algorithm. However, the computational effort grows rapidly with the number N of sequences to be compared $(O(l^N ))$, where l is the mean length of the sequences to be compared). It is proved here that knowledge of the measure of an arbitrarily chosen alignment can be used in combination with information from the pairwise alignments to considerably restrict the size of the region of the lattice in consideration. This reduction implies fewer computations and less memory space needed to carry out the dynamic programming optimization process. The observations also suggest new variants of the multiple alignment problem.
Synthesis of a polymer surface containing covalently attached triethoxysilane functionality: adhesion to glass (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of a polymer surface containing covalently attached triethoxysilane functionality: adhesion to glassKang Wook Lee and Thomas J. McCarthyCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 12, 3353–3356Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00190a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00190a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views442Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transformation by iontophoretic microinjection of DNA: multiple integrations without tandem insertions. (1983)

DNA transformations of mouse tissue culture cells and mouse embryos were carried out by iontophoretic microinjection of DNA. Iontophoresis involves the use of an externally applied electric current to expel DNA molecules from the injection micropipette into the impaled cell (microelectrophoresis). Restriction analysis of transformants obtained by using this procedure demonstrated that this method gave strikingly different results from those previously obtained by others with transformants generated by pressure injection. First, tandem insertions were never observed in any of our transformants. Second, despite the lack of tandem insertions, we have obtained transformants which have integrated many copies of the injected DNA sequences, probably via a comparably large number of independent integration events. And third, in one transformant, an injected BamHI restriction fragment was found to have been integrated in its entirety; this included the preservation of the terminal BamHI recognition sequence. Based on these observations, we discuss the potential usefulness of iontophoretic DNA microinjections in DNA transformation studies that are focused either on the analysis of the regulation of gene expression or on the targeting of DNA sequences into the eucaryotic cell genome.
Role of cytokines as a double-edged sword in sepsis. (2014)

Both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines constitute a double-edged sword in sepsis; on one hand they are critical to eliminate the infection while on the other, excessive production can cause tissue and organ damage. Increase in cytokines such as IL-6, Il-8, IL-10, IL-18 and TNF-α may have implications in diagnosis and treatment of sepsis.
Polymerization of .beta.-monosubstituted-.beta.-propiolactones using trialkylaluminum-water catalytic systems and polymer characterization (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of .beta.-monosubstituted-.beta.-propiolactones using trialkylaluminum-water catalytic systems and polymer characterizationRichard A. Gross, Yan Zhang, Gerd Konrad, and Robert W. LenzCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 9, 2657–2668Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00187a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00187a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microoptical telescope compound eye (2005)

A new optical concept for compact digital image acquisition devices with large field of view is developed and proofed experimentally. Archetypes for the imaging system are compound eyes of small insects and the Gabor-Superlens. A paraxial 3x3 matrix formalism is used to describe the telescope arrangement of three microlens arrays with different pitch to find first order parameters of the imaging system. A 2mm thin imaging system with 21x3 channels, 70 masculinex10 masculine field of view and 4.5mm x 0.5mm image size is optimized and analyzed using sequential and non-sequential raytracing and fabricated by microoptics technology. Anamorphic lenses, where the parameters are a function of the considered optical channel, are used to achieve a homogeneous optical performance over the whole field of view. Captured images are presented and compared to simulation results.
Identification of N-terminal Residues on P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Required for Binding to P-selectin (1998)

The major high affinity ligand for P-selectin on human leukocytes is P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). To bind P-selectin, PSGL-1 must be modified with tyrosine sulfate and sialylated, fucosylated, core-2 O-glycan(s). The required sites for these modifications on full-length PSGL-1 have not been defined. The N-terminal region of mature PSGL-1, which begins at residue 42, includes tyrosines at residues 46, 48, and 51, plus potential sites for Thr-linked O-glycans at residues 44 and 57. We expressed full-length PSGL-1 constructs with substitutions of these residues in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. The cells were co-transfected with cDNAs for the glycosyltransferases required to construct sialylated and fucosylated, core-2 O-glycans on PSGL-1. The transfected cells were assayed for their abilities to bind fluid-phase P-selectin and to support rolling adhesion of pre-B cells expressing P-selectin under hydrodynamic flow. In both assays, substitution of Thr-57 with alanine eliminated binding of PSGL-1 to P-selectin without affecting sulfation of PSGL-1, whereas substitution with serine, to which an O-glycan might also be attached, did not affect binding. Binding was not altered by substituting alanines for the two amino acids on either side of Thr-57, or by substituting alanine for Thr-44. Substitution of all three tyrosines with phenylalanines markedly reduced sulfation and prevented binding to P-selectin. However, all constructs in which one or two tyrosines were replaced with phenylalanines bound P-selectin. These results suggest that full-length PSGL-1 requires an O-glycan attached to Thr-57 plus sulfation of any one of its three clustered tyrosines to bind P-selectin.
N‐Methylation of Peptides and Proteins: An Important Element for Modulating Biological Functions (2012)

N-Methylation is one of the simplest chemical modifications often occurring in peptides and proteins of prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes. Over years of evolution, nature has employed N-methylation of peptides as an ingenious technique to modulate biological function, often as a mode of survival through the production of antibiotics. This small structural change can not only mobilize large protein complexes (as in the histone methylation), but also inhibits the action of enzymes by selective recognition of protein-protein interaction surfaces. In recent years through the advancement in synthetic approaches, the potential of N-methylation has begun to be revealed, not only in modulating biological activity and selectivity as well as pharmacokinetic properties of peptides, but also in delivering novel drugs. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge of the versatility of N-methylation in modulating biological, structural, and pharmacokinetic properties of peptides.
Programmed Administration of Parathyroid Hormone Increases Bone Formation and Reduces Bone Loss in Hindlimb-Unloaded Ovariectomized Rats (1998)

Gonadal insufficiency and reduced mechanical usage are two important risk factors for osteoporosis.The beneficial effects of PTH therapy to reverse the estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in the laboratory rat are well known, but the influence of mechanical usage in this response has not been established.In this study, the effects of programed administration of PTH on cancellous bone volume and turnover at the proximal tibial metaphysis were determined in hindlimb-unloaded, ovariectomized (OVX), 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats.PTH was administered to weight-bearing and hindlimb-unloaded OVX rats with osmotic pumps programed to deliver 20 g human PTH (80 g/kgday) during a daily 1-h infusion for 7 days.Compared with sham-operated rats, OVX increased longitudinal and radial bone growth, increased indexes of cancellous bone turnover, and resulted in net resorption of cancellous bone.Hindlimb unloading of OVX rats decreased longitudinal and radial bone growth, decreased osteoblast number, increased osteoclast number, and resulted in a further decrease in cancellous bone volume compared with those in weight-bearing OVX rats.Programed administration of PTH had no effect on either radial or longitudinal bone growth in weight-bearing and hindlimb-unloaded OVX rats.PTH treatment had dramatic effects on selected cancellous bone measurements; PTH maintained cancellous bone volume in OVX weight-bearing rats and greatly reduced cancellous bone loss in OVX hindlimb-unloaded rats.In the latter animals, PTH treatment prevented the hindlimb unloadinginduced reduction in trabecular thickness, but the hormone was ineffective in preventing either the increase in osteoclast number or the loss of trabecular plates.Importantly, PTH treatment increased the retention of a baseline flurochrome label, osteoblast number, and bone formation in the proximal tibial metaphysis regardless of the level of mechanical usage.These findings demonstrate that programed administration of PTH is effective in increasing osteoblast number and bone formation and has beneficial effects on bone volume in the absence of weight-bearing and gonadal hormones.We conclude that the actions of PTH on cancellous bone are independent of the level of mechanical usage.
Identification of transactivation and repression functions of the dioxin receptor and its basic helix-loop-helix/PAS partner factor Arnt: inducible versus constitutive modes of regulation. (1994)

Gene regulation by dioxins is mediated via the dioxin receptor, a ligand-dependent basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)/PAS transcription factor. The latent dioxin receptor responds to dioxin signalling by forming an activated heterodimeric complex with a specific bHLH partner, Arnt, an essential process for target DNA recognition. We have analyzed the transactivating potential within this heterodimeric complex by dissecting it into individual subunits, replacing the dimerization and DNA-binding bHLH motifs with heterologous zinc finger DNA-binding domains. The uncoupled Arnt chimera, maintaining 84% of Arnt residues, forms a potent and constitutive transcription factor. Chimeric proteins show that the dioxin receptor also harbors a strong transactivation domain in the C terminus, although this activity was silenced by inclusion of 82 amino acids from the central ligand-binding portion of the dioxin receptor. This central repression region conferred binding of the molecular chaperone hsp90 upon otherwise constitutive chimeras in vitro, indicating that hsp90 has the ability to mediate a cis-repressive function on distant transactivation domains. Importantly, when the ligand-binding domain of the dioxin receptor remained intact, the ability of this hsp90-binding activity to confer repression became conditional rather than irreversible. Our data are consistent with a model in which crucial activities of the dioxin receptor, such as dimerization with Arnt and transactivation, are conditionally repressed by the central ligand- and-hsp90-binding region of the receptor. In contrast, the Arnt protein appears to be free from any repressive activity. Moreover, within the context of the dioxin response element (xenobiotic response element), the C terminus of Arnt conferred a potent, dominating transactivation function onto the native bHLH heterodimeric complex. Finally, the relative transactivation potencies of the individual dioxin receptor and Arnt chimeras varied with cell type and promoter architecture, indicating that the mechanisms for transcriptional activation may differ between these two subunits and that in the native complex the transactivation pathway may be dependent upon cell-specific and promoter contexts.
The Complete Genome Sequence of Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 Reveals a Mixed Heterotrophic and Carboxydotrophic Metabolism (2008)

ABSTRACT Members of the genus Thermococcus , sulfur-reducing hyperthermophilic archaea, are ubiquitously present in various deep-sea hydrothermal vent systems and are considered to play a significant role in the microbial consortia. We present the complete genome sequence and feature analysis of Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent area, which reveal clues to its physiology. Based on results of genomic analysis, T. onnurineus NA1 possesses the metabolic pathways for organotrophic growth on peptides, amino acids, or sugars. More interesting was the discovery that the genome encoded unique proteins that are involved in carboxydotrophy to generate energy by oxidation of CO to CO 2 , thereby providing a mechanistic basis for growth with CO as a substrate. This lithotrophic feature in combination with carbon fixation via RuBisCO (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) introduces a new strategy with a complementing energy supply for T. onnurineus NA1 potentially allowing it to cope with nutrient stress in the surrounding of hydrothermal vents, providing the first genomic evidence for the carboxydotrophy in Thermococcus .
Dry Needling and its Use in Health Care A Treatment Modality and Adjunct for Pain Management (2015)

Dry needling is used by medical professionals throughout the United States to treat pain and to help patients improve quality of life. There are noninvasive mechanisms that are used to treat pain such as heat and cold application, other thermal or electrical modalities, stretching to soft tissue, or manual therapy. Dry needling is a mechanism that is used to treat muscle trigger points that refer pain to areas within the body. Trigger points can cause irritation to skeletal muscle or fascia and affect function. Dry needling is used to reduce pain by achieving a local twitch response to release muscle tension, normalize electrical dysfunction of the motor end plates, and assist with return to activities or rehabilitation. There are many modalities available for pain management and dry needling is one of many used to target soft tissue and manage pain. Using a multimodal approach is an effective method of treatment to consider for many musculoskeletal or neuromuscular conditions.