gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blast-1 possesses a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor, is related to LFA-3 and OX-45, and maps to chromosome 1q21-23. (1989)

Blast-1 is a human activation-associated glycoprotein expressed on the surface of leukocytes. Analysis of a translated sequence from a Blast-1 cDNA reveals a single hydrophobic sequence which could traverse the plasma membrane, but is devoid of charged residues that might represent a cytoplasmic tail. Consistent with this characteristic, Blast-1 is demonstrated here to be anchored to the cell surface through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-containing lipid. Comparison of Blast-1 to other GPI-anchored membrane proteins revealed a striking primary and secondary structure similarity with MRC OX45 and the lymphocyte function antigen LFA-3. The degree of overall amino acid sequence homology reveals that OX45 is a rat homologue of Blast-1. The greatest homology to LFA-3 occurs between their NH2-terminal Ig-like domains. Evidence is presented that demonstrates that Blast-1 and LFA-3 possess a disulfide-bonded second domain. These common characteristics demonstrate a structural and evolutionary relationship between Blast-1, OX45, LFA-3, and CD2, which in turn suggests a functional role for Blast-1 in cell-cell interactions in the immune response. The gene for Blast-1 has been localized to chromosome 1 q21-q23, indistinguishable from the CD1 cluster of Ig superfamily genes, raising the possibility that they may be linked.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 4‐Benzoyl‐5‐hydroxy‐3‐trifluoromethylpyrazole Derivatives via [1,3] Rearrangements of Benzoyl Group Using tert‐Butyllithium. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modification of the Radiation Sensitivity of Human Tumour Cells by a Bis-benzimidazole Derivative (1984)

A comparison was made of the ability of either X-radiation or a DNA-specific ligand (the vital bis-benzimidazole dye; Hoechst 33342) to induce: cell killing, inhibition of de novo DNA synthesis, DNA strand breakage and the delay of cell division in human colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Unlike radiation-induced cell killing, ligand-induced cytotoxicity appeared to be positively correlated with the extent of inhibition of de novo DNA synthesis--a feature consistent with the persistent binding of ligand molecules to nuclear DNA. Ligand-induced DNA strand-breaks disappeared slowly although ligand-treated cells retained apparently normal capacities to repair discrete radiogenic DNA strand-breaks. Pre-treatment of cells with Hoechst 33342 resulted in a dose-modifying enhancement of radiation resistance not associated with altered dosimetry for strand-break induction. However, radioresistance was accompanied by the protracted retention of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. We suggest that the results provide direct evidence that the retention of cells in G2 phase is a sparing phenomenon and is triggered by the responses of chromatin domains to the presence of DNA damage. Our results have implications for the use of DNA-interactive agents in combined modalities for tumour therapy, and indicate a possible basis for the sparing of some tumour cells in dividing populations.
Competence of pre-school teachers prevention of risk behaviors of children in preschool institutions (2008)

U ovom radu cilj je bio prikazati rezultate istraživanja kompetencija i stavova odgajatelja u nekim predskolskim ustanovama u Istarskoj županiji. Oni su dio veceg istraživanja koje se provodilo u sklopu znanstveno-akcijskog projekta Zajednice koje brinu kao model prevencije poremecaja u ponasanju djece i mladih. Uzorak za ovo ispitivanje cinilo je 212 odgajateljica. Upitnik samoprocjene njihovih kompetencija (22 varijable, modifi cirana verzija Teachers’ Sense of Teacher Effi cacy Scale, Tschannen-Moran, Woolfolk Hoy, 2001) popunjavale su sve odgajateljice koje su u vrijeme ispitivanja (proljece 2004. godine) radile u predskolskim ustanovama Labina, Pazina, Poreca i Pule. Podaci su prikazani kroz deskriptivne parametre te faktorsku analizu, posebno podrucja kompetentnosti (1 faktor), a posebno podrucja stavova (2 faktora). Rezultati upucuju na relativno visoku samopercepciju kompetencija vecine ispitivanih odgajateljica. Dok se kao kompetencije prepoznaju cesce aktivnosti povezane s redovitim aktivnostima koje se provode u predskolskim ustanovama i u odnosu na koje odgajatelji vjerojatno imaju najvise znanja i vjestina (osmisljavanje razlicitih aktivnosti za djecu, davanje dodatnih objasnjenja i primjera kada ih djeca ne razumiju, navođenje djece da vjeruju kako mogu dobro raditi), nekompetentnosti su cesce vidljive u podrucju promocije pozitivnog razvoja i prevenciji rizicnih ponasanja djece predskolske dobi (motiviranje nemotivirane djece, koristenje strategija pracenja napredovanja djece, pomoc roditeljima da pomognu svojoj djeci u svladavanju razlicitih vjestina, koristenje alternativnih strategija, koristenje tehnika smirivanja djece kada su bucna ili ometaju rad u grupi). U odnosu na rezultate u podrucju stavova, osim nekih znanja i vjestina za rad s djecom, ispitane odgajateljice procjenjuju roditelje, obitelji, kao one zbog kojih oni ne mogu uciniti vise. Zakljucno, rezultati u ovom radu usmjeravaju pažnju na važnost permanentne edukacije predskolskih odgajatelja koji ce biti u mogucnosti u redovnim kurikulumima i posebnim programima vise pridonijeti promociji mentalnog zdravlja i prevenciji poremecaja u ponasanju i rizicnih ponasanja djece.
Genetic evidence that antibacterial activity of lysozyme is independent of its catalytic function (2001)

A catalytically inactive mutant of hen egg white lysozyme was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis to elucidate the role of enzymatic activity on its antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The catalytic residue aspartic acid at position 52 of lysozyme was substituted with serine (D52S-Lz) and the mutant cDNA was inserted into a yeast expression vector, pYES-2. Western blot analysis indicated that the mutation did not affect secretion of the D52S-Lz lysozyme into the medium of the expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, INVSC1. In addition, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectral analysis revealed no change in the structure of D52S-Lz compared to that of wild-type (Wt-Lz) lysozyme. The mutation (D52S) abolished the catalytic activity of lysozyme. Antimicrobial tests against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis revealed that the catalytically inactive D52S-Lz was as bactericidal as the Wt-Lz lysozyme. Heat treatment leading to enzyme inactivation had no effect on the bactericidal activity of either wild-type or the mutant D52S-Lz lysozyme. The binding affinity of D52S-Lz to the isolated peptidoglycan of S. aureus was unaffected. Our results provide the first demonstration of direct genetic evidence that the antimicrobial activity of lysozyme is operationally independent of its muramidase activity, and strongly suggest the antimicrobial action of lysozyme is due to structural factors.
Restoration of Correct Splicing of Thalassemic β-Globin Pre-mRNA by Modified U1 snRNAs (2000)

The T-->G mutation at nucleotide 705 in the second intron of the beta-globin gene creates an aberrant 5' splice site and activates a 3' cryptic splice site upstream from the mutation. As a result, the IVS2-705 pre-mRNA is spliced via the aberrant splice sites leading to a deficiency of beta-globin mRNA and protein and to the genetic blood disorder thalassemia. We have shown previously that in cell culture models of thalassemia, aberrant splicing of beta-thalassemic IVS2-705 pre-mRNA was permanently corrected by a modified murine U7 snRNA that incorporated sequences antisense to the splice sites activated by the mutation. To explore the possibility of using other snRNAs as vectors for antisense sequences, U1 snRNA was modified in a similar manner. Replacement of the U1 9-nucleotide 5' splice site recognition sequence with nucleotides complementary to the aberrant 5' splice site failed to correct splicing of IVS2-705 pre-mRNA. In contrast, U1 snRNA targeted to the cryptic 3' splice site was effective. A hybrid with a modified U7 snRNA gene under the control of the U1 promoter and terminator sequences resulted in the highest levels of correction (up to 70%) in transiently and stably transfected target cells.
Identification of viable embryos in IVF by non-invasive measurement of amino acid turnover (2004)

Non-invasive assay of amino acid turnover has the potential to improve significantly the prospective selection of the most viable embryos, or single embryo, for replacement in an IVF cycle.
Central Nervous System Tumors in Chinese Children Under the Age of 3 (2014)

The management of central nervous system tumors in children below the age of 3 years represents a special challenge to pediatric oncologists with distinctive epidemiology, treatment considerations, and prognosis. Population-based epidemiological data on this particular patient group is lacking in Chinese. We reviewed the population-based pediatric tumor registry in Hong Kong between 1999 and 2011. Eighty-one children with primary central nervous system tumors from 0 to 3 years of age were identified (annual incidence: 4.16 cases per 100,000). Forty-one (50.6%) were male and the mean duration of follow-up was 94 months (±8.1). Primary tumors were infratentorial in 43 (53.1%). The tumor types in decreasing frequency were astrocytoma (n=17), medulloblastoma (n=16), ependymoma (n=13), choroid plexus tumor (n=7), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n=7), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (n=6), germ cell tumor (GCT, n=5), craniopharyngioma (n=4), and ganglioglioma (n=3). Three patients presented antenatally. Treatment included surgery in 82.7%, chemotherapy in 50.6%, and radiotherapy in 25.9%. There were 29 deaths (35.8%) and 19 relapses (23.5%) during the review period with the 1-year overall survival (OS), 5-year OS, 1-year event-free survival (EFS), and 5-year EFS being 79.4% (±4.6), 63.5% (±5.9), 68.9% (±5.3), and 52.5% (±5.9), respectively. Significantly better OS and EFS were observed in patients who received gross total resection, but those with high-grade tumors, antenatal diagnosis, or atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor/primitive neuroectodermal tumor had worse outcome. Survival did not differ with age. Comparison with statistics from other studies revealed higher rates of embryonal tumor, GCT, and craniopharyngioma in Hong Kong Chinese. Disease outcome appeared to be better in our cohort comparing to previous reports probably due to the higher proportion of GCT locally.
The development of a general type of security robot (2007)

The indoor security problems such as fire, intruder, smog, etc., can be solved by development of a general type of security robot, which is characterized by mobile robot technology, security and information technology. In this paper, the establishment of approximate arc motion model and feature recognition technology more efficiently help the robot to learn the environment than single incremental motion model method. To make the robot acquire more security information in the indoor environment, multi-sensor unit and methods are designed. As the autonomous robot system, task/behaviour hybrid control architecture is proposed, which can handle multi-task operation from users. Finally, based on human-friendly communication idea, multi-channel HRI (Human-Robot Interaction) system is developed.
Accurate Expression Profiling of Very Small Cell Populations (2010)

Pico Profiling, as presented here, allows generating an accurate expression profile from cell populations as small as ten cells.
Collagen–carbon nanotube composite materials as scaffolds in tissue engineering (2005)

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are attractive for use in fiber-reinforced composite materials due to their very high aspect ratio, combined with outstanding mechanical and electrical properties. Composite materials comprising a collagen matrix with embedded CNT were prepared by mixing solubilized Type I collagen with solutions of carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) at concentrations of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 2.0 weight percent. Living smooth muscle cells were incorporated at the time of collagen gelation to produce cell-seeded collagen-CNT composite matrices. Constructs containing 2.0 wt % CNT exhibited delayed gel compaction, relative to lower concentrations that compacted at the same rate as pure collagen controls. Cell viability in all constructs was consistently above 85% at both Day 3 and Day 7, whereas cell number in CNT-containing constructs was lower than in control constructs at Day 3, though statistically unchanged by Day 7. Scanning electron microscopy showed physical interactions between CNT and collagen matrix. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of CNT at the expected diameter (0.85-1.30 nm), but did not indicate strong molecular interactions between the collagen and CNT components. Such collagen-CNT composite matrices may have utility as scaffolds in tissue engineering, or as components of biosensors or other medical devices.
Previews and overviews in digital libraries: Designing surrogates to support visual information seeking (2000)

To aid designers of digital library interfaces, we present a framework for the design of information representations in terms of previews and overviews. Previews and overviews are graphic or textual representations of information abstracted from primary information objects. Previews act as surrogates for one or a few objects and overviews represent collections of objects. A design framework is elaborated in terms of the following three dimensions: (1) what information objects are available to users, (2) how information objects are related and displayed, and (3) how users can manipulate information objects. When utilized properly, previews and overviews allow users to rapidly discriminate objects of interest from those not of interest, and to more fully understand the scope and nature of digital libraries. This article presents a definition of previews and overviews in context, provides design guidelines, and describes four example applications.
Mechanism Design via Differential Privacy (2007)

We study the role that privacy-preserving algorithms, which prevent the leakage of specific information about participants, can play in the design of mechanisms for strategic agents, which must encourage players to honestly report information. Specifically, we show that the recent notion of differential privacv, in addition to its own intrinsic virtue, can ensure that participants have limited effect on the outcome of the mechanism, and as a consequence have limited incentive to lie. More precisely, mechanisms with differential privacy are approximate dominant strategy under arbitrary player utility functions, are automatically resilient to coalitions, and easily allow repeatability. We study several special cases of the unlimited supply auction problem, providing new results for digital goods auctions, attribute auctions, and auctions with arbitrary structural constraints on the prices. As an important prelude to developing a privacy-preserving auction mechanism, we introduce and study a generalization of previous privacy work that accommodates the high sensitivity of the auction setting, where a single participant may dramatically alter the optimal fixed price, and a slight change in the offered price may take the revenue from optimal to zero.
Novel infrared band-aligned superlattice laser (1987)

A novel infrared laser is proposed which uses the intersubband optical transition in a band-aligned superlattice. In this band-aligned superlattice laser, the miniband discontinuity within the conduction of valence band functions as a band offset in the heterojunction structure, and the population inversion is achieved by current injection as in the conventional heterojunction laser. It is more flexible than a heterojunction laser of a quantum well laser since one may tailor the bandwidth and band structures as well as the band gap of the minibands. Also indirect band-gap materials like Si and Ge can be used for lasing in the intersubband transitions. The intersubband optical transition is similar to an atomic two-level system which exhibits low threshold current, and a gain coefficient with weak temperature dependence and a narrow spectrum which is determined only by the line-shape function. These special features make the band-aligned superlattice laser competitive with and perhaps superior to the quantum well dot laser which is not presently feasible.
Depth from focusing and defocusing (2002)

The problem of obtaining depth information from focusing and defocusing is studied. In depth from focusing, instead of the Fibonacci search, which is often trapped in local maxima, the combination of Fibonacci search and curve fitting is proposed. This combination leads to an unprecedentedly accurate result. A model of the blurring effect that takes geometric blurring as well as imaging blurring into consideration in the calibration of the blurring model is proposed. In spectrogram-based depth from defocusing, a maximal resemblance estimation method is proposed to decrease or eliminate the window effect.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The tumorigenic and angiogenic effects of MGSA/GRO proteins in melanoma (2000)

Continuous expression of the MGSA/GROalpha, beta, or gamma chemokine bestows tumor-forming capacity to the immortalized murine melanocyte cell line, melan-a. The mechanism for this transformation is unclear, although both autocrine and paracrine processes are possible because melan-a cells as well as endothelial cells express a low level of the receptor for this ligand. To further define the role of MGSA/GRO proteins in melanocyte transformation, two types of experiments were designed to neutralize the biological effects of MGSA/GRO in the transfected melan-a clones: (1) the effect of neutralizing antiserum to MGSA/GRO proteins on melan-a tumor growth was assessed; (2) the tumor-forming capacity of melan-a clones expressing ELR motif-mutated forms of MGSA/GRO with compromised receptor affinity was compared to the tumor-forming capacity of clones expressing wild-type MGSA/GRO. These experiments revealed that SCID mice inoculated with MGSA/GROalpha- or gamma-expressing melan-a cells and subsequently treated with antiserum to the respective chemokine exhibited decreased tumor growth. This reduction in tumor growth was accompanied by declining angiogenic activity in MGSA/GROgamma-expressing tumors. Moreover, athymic nude mice injected with melan-a cells expressing ELR-mutant forms of MGSA/GROalpha exhibited markedly impaired tumor-forming capacity compared with those mice injected with melan-a clones expressing wild-type MGSA/GRO. These data suggest that continuous expression of MGSA/GRO proteins may facilitate tumor growth by stimulating the growth of microvessels into the tumor (paracrine) and by affecting melanocyte growth (autocrine).
Metabolic engineering ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeâfor production of carboxylic acids: current status and challenges (2009)

To meet the demands of future generations for chemicals and energy and to reduce the environmental footprint of the chemical industry, alternatives for petrochemistry are required. Microbial conversion of renewable feedstocks has a huge potential for cleaner, sustainable industrial production of fuels and chemicals. Microbial production of organic acids is a promising approach for production of chemical building blocks that can replace their petrochemically derived equivalents. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not naturally produce organic acids in large quantities, its robustness, pH tolerance, simple nutrient requirements and long history as an industrial workhorse make it an excellent candidate biocatalyst for such processes. Genetic engineering, along with evolution and selection, has been successfully used to divert carbon from ethanol, the natural endproduct of S. cerevisiae, to pyruvate. Further engineering, which included expression of heterologous enzymes and transporters, yielded strains capable of producing lactate and malate from pyruvate. Besides these metabolic engineering strategies, this review discusses the impact of transport and energetics as well as the tolerance towards these organic acids. In addition to recent progress in engineering S. cerevisiae for organic acid production, the key limitations and challenges are discussed in the context of sustainable industrial production of organic acids from renewable feedstocks.
Coupling of C3bi to IgG inhibits the tyrosine phosphorylation signaling cascade downstream Syk and reduces cytokine induction in monocytes (2006)

The effect of coupling C3bi to immunoglobulin G (IgG) immune complexes (IC) on their ability to produce protein tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) routes was assessed in human monocytes. Cross-linking Fc receptors for IgG activated the protein tyrosine kinase Syk, phospholipases Cgamma1 and Cgamma2, the MAPK cascade, and the Akt/PKB route. Linkage of C3bi to the gamma-chain of IgG produced a decrease of the protein bands displaying tyrosine phosphorylation, whereas the MAPK cascades and the Akt/PKB route remained almost unaffected. Zymosan particles, which because of their beta-glucan content mimic the effect of fungi, produced a limited increase of tyrosine-phosphorylated protein bands, whereas treatment of zymosan under conditions adequate for C3bi coating increased its ability to induce protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Noteworthy, this was also observed under conditions where other components of serum might be bound by zymosan particles, for instance, serum IgG, thereby suggesting their potential involvement in Syk activation. The induction of cytokines showed a changing pattern consistent with the changes observed in the signaling pathways. IC induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)/CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin (IL)-1beta, and eotaxin-2/CCL24, which were not observed with C3bi-coated IC. Zymosan induced the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta, IL-10, IL-6, and MCP-2/CCL8, whereas the cytokine signature of C3bi-coated zymosan also included interferon-inducible protein 10/CXC chemokine ligand 10, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, and I-309/CCL1. Taken together, these findings indicate that C3bi targets the phagocytic cargo, and engagement or diversion of the Syk route determines the phagocyte response.
Cu(ClO4)2-Mediated Arene C–H Bond Halogenations of Azacalixaromatics Using Alkali Metal Halides as Halogen Sources (2012)

Regiospecific halogenation of azacalix[1]arene[3]pyridines at the lower rim position of the benzene ring was achieved from their cross-coupling reaction with cost-effective alkali metal halides through the Cu(ClO(4))(2)-mediated aerobic aryl C-H activation, which gave structurally well-defined aryl-Cu(III) intermediates, and a subsequent C-X bond formation reaction under very mild conditions.
Gestational Glucose Tolerance and Maternal Metabolic Profile at 3 Years Postpartum (2011)

Gestational diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy are associated with persistent metabolic dysfunction at 3 years postpartum, independent of other clinical risk factors.