gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin at mineralized tissue interfaces in bone, teeth, and osseointegrated implants: Ultrastructural distribution and implications for mineralized tissue formation, turnover, and repair (1996)

Currently available data describing the gene expression and regulation, secretion, distribution, and protein chemistry of osteopontin (OPN) all are consistent with the notions of this protein functioning as an inhibitor of mineralization and/or as a mediator of cell-matrix and matrix-matrix/mineral adhesion (cohesion) during the formation, turnover, and repair of normal and pathological mineralized tissues. The properties and overall integrity of mineralized tissues are in part dictated by the nature of their interfaces--sites where organic and inorganic components of the extracellular matrix interact to provide biomechanical strength, regulate mineral ion homeostasis, and influence cellular events involved in mineralized tissue modeling, remodeling, and repair. High-resolution, colloidal-gold immunocytochemistry has been used to characterize the proteinaceous composition of these interfaces and to establish that the phosphorylated sialoprotein, OPN, is a major component found at these sites where it accumulates as a dense, planar "coating" of organic material termed either a cement line or a lamina limitans. Structural/functional features of OPN predict an ability of this protein to regulate calcification in the matrix proper of mineralized tissues and to participate, more specifically, in cell-matrix and matrix-matrix/mineral adhesion in laminae limitantes and cement lines, respectively. From the ultrastructural immunocytochemical data presented herein for OPN illustrating the cellular expression and extracellular matrix distribution of this protein, it is demonstrated that the production of OPN is one of the earliest, and latest, secretory activities of the osteoblast lineage and that this activity manifests itself morphologically as a cement line or a lamina limitans, respectively, at bone matrix interfaces. In laminae limitantes at bone surfaces, OPN appears to be involved in osteoclast adhesion and possibly haptotaxis. An OPN-containing cement line is also present at hard tissue interfaces in rat tooth, against osseointegrated titanium and hydroxyapatite implants and at the margins of surgically created bone defects--and there may influence biological adhesion in a manner similar to that proposed for normal bone. It is suggested, therefore, that in addition to its potential for influencing cell adhesion/dynamics in bones and teeth, OPN in cement lines may act as an interfacial adhesion promoter between apposing substrates, therein maintaining the overall integrity of bone during the bone remodeling sequence and "bonding" dissimilar tissues (or biocompatible materials) together in biological composites such as teeth and osseointegrated implants.
Generation of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Protein Transduction (2013)

Somatic cell reprogramming has generated enormous interest after the first report by Yamanaka and his coworkers in 2006 on the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts. Here we report the generation of stable iPSCs from mouse fibroblasts by recombinant protein transduction (Klf4, Oct4, Sox2, and c-Myc), a procedure designed to circumvent the risks caused by integration of exogenous sequences in the target cell genome associated with gene delivery systems. The recombinant proteins were fused in the frame to the glutathione-S-transferase tag for affinity purification and to the transactivator transcription-nuclear localization signal polypeptide to facilitate membrane penetration and nuclear localization. We performed the reprogramming procedure on embryonic fibroblasts from inbred (C57BL6) and outbred (ICR) mouse strains. The cells were treated with purified proteins four times, at 48-h intervals, and cultured on mitomycin C treated mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells in complete embryonic stem cell (ESC) medium until colonies formed. The iPSCs generated from the outbred fibroblasts exhibited similar morphology and growth properties to ESCs and were sustained in an undifferentiated state for more than 20 passages. The cells were checked for pluripotency-related markers (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, cMyc, Nanog) by immunocytochemistry and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The protein iPSCs (piPSCs) formed embryoid bodies and subsequently differentiated towards all three germ layer lineages. Importantly, the piPSCs could incorporate into the blastocyst and led to variable degrees of chimerism in newborn mice. These data show that recombinant purified cell-penetrating proteins are capable of reprogramming MEFs to iPSCs. We also demonstrated that the cells of the generated cell line satisfied all the requirements of bona fide mouse ESCs: form round colonies with defined boundaries; have a tendency to attach together with high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio; express key pluripotency markers; and are capable of in vitro differentiation into ecto-, endo-, and mesoderm, and in vivo chimera formation.
Efficacy of Interferon α-2b and Ribavirin against West Nile Virus In Vitro (2002)

Certain situations and pathological processes that arise with temporomandibular joint destruction can only be resolved with surgical reconstructive procedures in order to attempt a functional and anatomical rehabilitation of this joint. Many of these situations can be surgically treated with the patient's own autologous tissues. However, in some patients reconstruction is complex and the use of autologous tissues is unadvisable whereas reconstruction utilizing alloplastic materials may be an appropriate alternative. The following report describes 4 clinical cases in which autologous grafts or Christensen joint prosthesis are employed in temporomandibular joint reconstruction.
Antigenic characterization of the oligosaccharide portion of the lipooligosaccharide of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (1987)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against epitopes in the oligosaccharide portion of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) were used to characterize the LOS of this pathogen. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with four LOS-specific MAbs and proteinase K-derived LOS preparations from 69 NTHI strains allowed the classification of these strains into nine LOS antigenic groups. The use of these MAbs in a more sensitive colony blot radioimmunoassay system together with these same NTHI strains identified 14 LOS antigenic groups. Extensive cross-reactivity was detected between the LOS epitopes of these NTHI strains and the LOS of H. influenzae type b. The epitopes recognized by these MAbs were not accessible to antibody on the surface of every strain. These LOS epitopes were also not stably expressed by NTHI growing in vitro; the observed frequency of LOS antigen variation ranged from 1 to 24% when large numbers of colonies of NTHI strains were screened for reactivity with the LOS-directed MAbs in the colony blot radioimmunoassay. This LOS antigenic variation was sometimes associated with alterations in the profile of the LOS molecule as resolved by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis followed by staining with silver. These data indicate that considerable antigenic diversity exists among NTHI strains with regard to the oligosaccharide epitopes in their LOS molecules.
Constitutive activation of STAT transcription factors in acute myelogenous leukemia (2001)

Abstract: Hematopoietic growth factors (HGF) are essential for proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursors and activate a distinct set of JAK-STAT (Janus kinases-signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins. Previous results from our group have shown a strong expression of JAK-STAT proteins in primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts and AML cell lines. Here, we asked whether a constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of AML. We could demonstrate a constitutive activation of STAT1, 3 and 5 by immunoprecipitation of the tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in different human AML cell lines. Three patterns of STAT activation were found: (I) activation of only STAT1, (II) activation of STAT1 in combination with STAT3, and (III) activation of STAT1, 3 and 5. Furthermore, STAT1 and 3 formed stable heterodimers only in cell lines with constitutive STAT3 activation. In all cell lines analyzed, tyrosine phosphorylation of the four known Janus kinases could not be detected, although JAK1 was stably associated with STAT3. To further analyze whether a constitutive activation of tyrosine kinases might contribute to the autonomous growth of AML blasts, inhibitor studies were performed. The tyrphostin AG490, an inhibitor of the JAK-STAT pathway, but not A1, an inactive tyrphostin induced a time- and dose-dependent growth arrest without overt morphological signs of differentiation in AML cell lines. Our results show that STAT transcription factors are constitutively activated in human AML cell lines and might contribute to the autonomous proliferation of AML blasts. Inhibition of this pathway might be of interest for the establishment of more specific antileukemic strategies.
Dynamic service-oriented architectures for tactical edge networks (2009)

Service-oriented Architectures (SoAs) have established themselves as a popular approach to building large-scale systems. They were initially motivated by organizations desiring dynamically coupled systems that would support rapid configuration, deployment, and reconfiguration. SoAs support multi-tiered architectures for enterprise backends as well as integration of multiple organizations via well defined interfaces. The success and popularity of SoAs in the Internet has driven the consideration of SoAs for tactical edge networks. However, tactical edge networks are considerably different from the Internet in terms of the type and number of nodes as well as the connectivity between the nodes. Nodes may be transient and resource constrained -- battery operated and with limited processing and storage. The communications between nodes may be wireless and ad-hoc, resulting in network partitioning and unreliable, bandwidth constrained, and variable latency links. This paper describes some observations of the target environments, requirements for SoAs for such environments, and experiences with developing SoAs for tactical edge networks.
Dexmedetomidine as a pediatric anesthetic premedication to reduce anxiety and to deter emergence delirium. (2011)

Presurgery anxiety in children may result in preoperative and postoperative complications. Emergence delirium (ED) is a mental disturbance common in children during recovery from general anesthesia. This study investigated the role of preoperative dexmedetomidine on parental separation anxiety and acceptance of wearing an anesthesia mask, and its effectiveness in reducing the incidence and severity of ED. A double-blind study was conducted in 41 children, aged 1 to 6 years, undergoing dental restoration and/or extractions. Subjects received 4 microg/kg of dexmedetomidine or 0.5 mg/kg of midazolam orally prior to anesthesia induction. Subjects' anxiety over parental separation, acceptance of anesthesia masks, and presence and severity of ED were evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences in parental separation anxiety or mask acceptance between the 2 groups. There were also no significant differences in ED occurrence. In this study, dexmedetomidine produced no common side effects (blood pressure and heart rate fluctuation), which may indicate that oral administration with a 76% bioavailability versus 82% in buccal preparations results in fewer side effects but requires higher dosing to gain therapeutic effects. Future studies should examine the use of higher doses of oral dexmedetomidine in reducing presurgical anxiety and postsurgical ED.
Protein synthesis by native chemical ligation: Expanded scope by using straightforward methodology (1999)

The total chemical synthesis of proteins has great potential for increasing our understanding of the molecular basis of protein function. The introduction of native chemical ligation techniques to join unprotected peptides next to a cysteine residue has greatly facilitated the synthesis of proteins of moderate size. Here, we describe a straightforward methodology that has enabled us to rapidly analyze the compatibility of the native chemical ligation strategy for X-Cys ligation sites, where X is any of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. The simplified methodology avoids the necessity of specific amino acid thioester linkers or alkylation of C-terminal thioacid peptides. Experiments using matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization MS analysis of combinatorial ligations of LYRAX-C-terminal thioester peptides to the peptide CRANK show that all 20 amino acids are suitable for ligation, with Val, Ile, and Pro representing less favorable choices because of slow ligation rates. To illustrate the method's utility, two 124-aa proteins were manually synthesized by using a three-step, four-piece ligation to yield a fully active human secretory phospholipase A(2) and a catalytically inactive analog. The combination of flexibility in design with general access because of simplified methodology broadens the applicability and versatility of chemical protein synthesis.
Vorwort (2003)

Als in Gesprächen mit Studierenden die Idee für dieses Buch entstand, waren wir zunächst zögerlich. Denn Einführungen in die Kommunikationswissenschaft gibt es einige. Eine systematische Durchsicht der Lehrbuchliteratur stärkte jedoch den Vorschlag, einen Band zu konzipieren, in dem neuere Entwicklungen — nicht nur, aber vor allem solche, die mit dem Internet verknüpft sind — im Mittelpunkt stehen. Nachdem wir entsprechende Themen in zwei Vorlesungsreihen unter großer Beteiligung von Studierenden diskutiert hatten, war die Entscheidung gefallen. Daher verdanken wir und Sie diese Einführung in erster Linie der Neugier und dem Wunsch von Studentinnen und Studenten, sich mit innovativen Entwicklungen in der Kommunikationsbranche besonders auseinander zu setzen.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Deoxygenation of Stearic Acid for Production of Biodiesel (2006)

A novel method for production of diesel-like hydrocarbons via catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acid is discussed. The model compound stearic acid is deoxygenated to heptadecane, originating from the stearic acid alkyl chain. The deoxygenation reaction is carried out in a semibatch reactor under constant temperature and pressure, 300 °C and 6 bar, respectively. A thorough catalyst screening was performed to obtain the most promising metal and support combination. The catalysts were characterized by N2-physisorption, CO-chemisorption, and temperature-programmed desorption of hydrogen. A highly active and selective in the deoxygenation reaction of stearic acid carbon supported palladium catalyst converted stearic acid completely with >98% selectivity toward deoxygenated C17 products.
Molecular Identification of Bacteria Associated with Bacterial Vaginosis (2005)

Women with bacterial vaginosis have complex vaginal infections with many newly recognized species, including three bacteria in the Clostridiales order that were highly specific for bacterial vaginosis.
The Incidence and Economic Burden of Injuries in the United States (2006)

Injuries are one of the most serious public health problems facing the United States today. Through premature death, disability, medical cost and lost productivity, injuries impact the health and welfare of all Americans. Deaths only begin to tell the story. Although many injuries are minor, a large proportion result in fractures, amputations, burns, or significant injuries that have far-reaching consequences. Now, for the first time in over 15 years, we have comprehensive estimates of the impact of these injuries in economic terms. This book updates a landmark Report to Congress from 1989. Since that report, no undertaking has addressed the incidence and economic burden of injuries with more timely data, despite major changes in the fields of prevention, reporting and surveillance. Since the mid-eighties, new safety technologies have been developed to prevent injuries or to decrease the severity of injuries, and new policies and laws have been enacted to promote injury prevention. Chapter topics include incidence by detailed categorisations, lifetime medical costs and productivity losses as a result of injuries, and a discussion of recent trends. Lavishly illustrated with tables and graphs, this volume is a valuable reference for public health practitioners, researchers, and students alike. Available in OSO: http://www.oxschol.com/oso/public/content/publichealthepidemiology/9780195179484/toc.html
The Decreased Growth Hormone Response to Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone in Obesity Is Associated to Cardiometabolic Risk Factors (2010)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between GHRH-induced GH secretion in obese premenopausal women and cardiovascular risk markers or insulin resistance. Premenopausal obese women, aged 35-52 years, were studied. GH secretion, IGF-I, serum cardiovascular risk markers, insulin, leptin, mid-waist and hip circumference, total body fat, and truncal fat were measured. Subjects were classified as meeting the criteria for GH deficiency (GHD) when peak GH after stimulation with GHRH was <or=3 microg/L. Mean total and LDL cholesterol, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR were all higher, in subjects who would have been classified as GH-deficient compared with GH-sufficient. Peak GH secretion after stimulation was inversely associated with fasting insulin (R = -0.650, P = .012), HOMA-IR (R = -0.846, P = .001), total cholesterol (R = -0.532, P = .034), and LDL cholesterol (R = -0.692, P = .006) and positively associated with HDL cholesterol (R = 0.561, P = .037). These data strongly suggest a role for insulin resistance in the decreased GH secretion of obesity and that the blunted GH secretion of central obesity could be the pituitary expression of the metabolic syndrome.
Deuterium Exchange as an Indicator of Hydrogen Bond Donors and Acceptors (2007)

Hydrogen−deuterium exchange has been used to determine the hydrogen bonding preferences of a select group of small peptides in organic solvents. This kinetic analysis permitted comparison of hydrogen bond strengths in relation to controls and also indicated the identity of both hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors.
Asymmetric reductions of prochiral ketones with lithium [2-[2-benzyloxy)ethyl]-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]-3-nonyl]-9-boratabicyclo-[3.3.1]nonane (lithium NB-Enantride) and its derivatives (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric reductions of prochiral ketones with lithium [2-[2-benzyloxy)ethyl]-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]-3-nonyl]-9-boratabicyclo-[3.3.1]nonane (lithium NB-Enantride) and its derivativesM. Mark Midland, Aleksander Kazubski, and Richard E. WoodlingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3, 1068–1074Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00003a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cross-correlation analysis of connectivities among cat lumbosacral dorsal horn cells (1979)

1. Eighty-three cell pairs were recorded in dorsal horns of 19 cats. Cross-correlograms were flat in 65 cell pairs; of the remaining 18 pairs, cross-correlograms had broad peaks or troughs suggestive of nonmonosynaptic causal relations in their discharges; one cell pair had a biphasic deviation from base line. 2. No cross-correlograms indicative of monosynaptic interactions were observed. 3. All cell pairs with nonflat cross-correlograms had overlapping receptive fields. 4. It is concluded that monosynaptically connected cell pairs are rare at the interelectrode distances used in this experiment because such cell pairs must lie close together on the somatotopic map or because our recording methods bias against monosynaptically linked cell pairs.
Reproducibility of polypeptide spot positions in two‐dimensional gels run using carrier ampholytes in the isoelectric focusing dimension (1997)

The reproducibility of complex protein patterns in two-dimensional (2-D) gels run with carrier ampholytes in the first dimension has been investigated. Two different laboratories collaborated in the study and 18 or 19 gels were run in each laboratory for comparison. The electrophoresis chemicals, running devices, and samples were standardized in both labs. The resulting 37 gels were scanned with a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and spots were located, counted, quantified, and matched using a commercially available image analysis system. Subsequently, the reproducibility of spot position was determined. To perform the statistical analysis, the test gels were initially each matched to a master reference gel. Next, three sets of 12 gels (the image analysis software database could analyze only 12 gels at a time) were analyzed and the isoelectric point (pI) and molecular weight (M(r)) positional variation of all the spots that matched across the gels in each set was determined. The resulting statistical analysis indicates very high reproducibility of the carrier ampholyte technique.
Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase: isolation and characterization of two isozymes (1977)

A combination of affinity column chromatography and preparative gel electrophoresis has been used to purify to homogeneity the two isozymes of dihydrofolate reductase from a trimethoprim-resistant strain of Escherichia coli B (RT 500). These enzyme forms are noninterconvertible and are present in crude cell lysates, but other electrophoretic species can be generated durng purification if sulfhydryl-protecting agents, such as dithiothreitol, are not present. The two isozymes, numbered form 1 and form 2 with respect to their decreasing electrophoretic mobilities, have similar molecular weights (18 500), molecular radii (21 A), and apparent Km values for reduced nico inamide adenin- dinucleotide (NADH) and NADH phosphate (NADPH). Both forms contain 2 mol of sulfhydryl/mol of enzyme which can be oxidized to intramolecular disulfide bonds. However, forms 1 and 2 differ physically in their electrophoretic mobility and isoelectric point and kinetically in their pH-activity profile, specific activity, Km for dihydrofolate, and their affinity toward a number of inhibitors.