gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Study of Polyethyleneglycol-Coated Liposomes Containing CPT-11 (1997)

Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) -coated liposomal CPT-11 (PEG-LCPT(11)) was prepared and its pharmaceutical usefulness was examined. These liposomes, plain liposomal CPT-11 (PLCPT(11)) and PEG-LCPT(11), were composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (10 : 10 : 6, mol/mol) with or without PEG. The mean particle diameters were both about 1 60 nm. The trapping efficiencies were approximately 90%. In a distribution study, CDFl mice were injected with CPT-11 solution (CPT(11)sol), PLCPT(11) and PEG-LCPT(11) at a dose of 10 mg/kg (i.v.). Concentrations in each tissue of CPT-11 and SN-38, the active metabolite of CPT-11, were determined. After the administration, CPT-11 and SN-38 concentrations in the blood increased by liposomal encapsulation (liposomalization), and the circulation time in the blood was prolonged further by PEG-modification of the liposomes (PEGylation). In the liver, PLCPT(11) was rapidly taken up by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), and the uptake was avoided by PEGylation. Tumor accumulations of CPT-11 and SN-38 were accompanied by an increase in antitumor activity of CPT-11 by liposomalization. Thus, the prolongation of the circulation time in the blood by liposomalization and the avoidance of the RES uptake by PEGylation caused passive targeting of the tumor, with a resulting increase in the antitumor activity of CPT-11.
Frequent Somatic Allelic Inactivation of the E-cadherin Gene in Gastric Carcinomas (1995)

Journal Article Frequent Somatic Allelic Inactivation of the E-cadherin Gene in Gastric Carcinomas Get access Karl-Friedrich Becker, Karl-Friedrich Becker * GSF-Forschungszentrum, Neuherberg, Institut für PathologieOberschleissheim, Federal Republic of Germany (F.R.G.) *Correspondence to : Karl-Friedrich Becker, Ph.D., GSF-Forschungszentrum Neuherberg, Institut für Pathologie, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Federal Republic of Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Heinz Höfler Heinz Höfler Technische Universität, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Pathologie und Pathologische AnatomieMünchen, F.R.G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 14, 19 July 1995, Pages 1082–1084, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.14.1082 Published: 19 July 1995 Article history Received: 14 February 1995 Revision received: 08 May 1995 Accepted: 17 May 1995 Published: 19 July 1995
Shifting FcγRIIA-ITAM from activation to inhibitory configuration ameliorates arthritis (2014)

Rheumatoid arthritis-associated (RA-associated) inflammation is mediated through the interaction between RA IgG immune complexes and IgG Fc receptors on immune cells. Polymorphisms within the gene encoding the human IgG Fc receptor IIA (hFcγRIIA) are associated with an increased risk of developing RA. Within the hFcγRIIA intracytoplasmic domain, there are 2 conserved tyrosine residues arranged in a noncanonical immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). Here, we reveal that inhibitory engagement of the hFcγRIIA ITAM either with anti-hFcγRII F(ab')2 fragments or intravenous hIgG (IVIg) ameliorates RA-associated inflammation, and this effect was characteristic of previously described inhibitory ITAM (ITAMi) signaling for hFcαRI and hFcγRIIIA, but only involves a single tyrosine. In hFcγRIIA-expressing mice, arthritis induction was inhibited following hFcγRIIA engagement. Moreover, hFcγRIIA ITAMi-signaling reduced ROS and inflammatory cytokine production through inhibition of guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV-1 and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1), respectively. ITAMi signaling was mediated by tyrosine 304 (Y304) within the hFcγRIIA ITAM, which was required for recruitment of tyrosine kinase SYK and tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Anti-hFcγRII F(ab')2 treatment of inflammatory synovial cells from RA patients inhibited ROS production through induction of ITAMi signaling. These data suggest that shifting constitutive hFcγRIIA-mediated activation to ITAMi signaling could ameliorate RA-associated inflammation.
Multiple-Mode Input Shaping Sequences for Reducing Residual Vibrations (1994)

Abstract A closed-form method of calculating Input Shaping sequences for two modes of vibration is presented. The new method eliminates the optimization routines previously required to find the same solutions. Input Shaping is a feed forward method of reducing residual vibrations in flexible structures by convolving an Input Shaping sequence with a command profile. The two-mode sequences are installed on a four-axis robot used in the manufacture of silicon wafers — the Cassette Management System. The new sequences are found to significantly improve the performance of the system. In standard throughput tests, speed increases of 15%–25% were obtained on each axis while vibrations were simultaneously reduced by 20%–90%.
Diffusion of a Polymer Chain through a Thin Membrane (1996)

We study the configurational and dynamic properties of a long polymer chain during the process of penetration of the chain through the thin and porous membrane. The mobility of a polymer in this state depends strongly on the topological restrictions imposed by the membrane. The largest mobility have configurations in which the polymer chain crosses the membrane only once and diffuses through a single pore from one side of the membrane to the other. This configuration may have small statistical weight compared to other configurations with low mobility in which the polymer chain crosses the membrane many times. The relative weight of these configurations depends also on the chemical potential of the membrane. We find the configurations which give the main contribution to the transport and calculate the overall permeability of the membrane for Zimm and Rouse mechanisms of polymer dynamics.
Collagen Cross-Linking in Early Keratoconus With Riboflavin in a Femtosecond Laser-Created Pocket: Initial Clinical Results (2009)

This novel epithelium-sparing, rapid soak-and-treat method of intrastromal riboflavin instillation and higher fluence UVA light for CXL appears to be safe and effective. No negative biomechanical effect (ectasia/epithelial ingrowth) was noted due to the femtosecond laser-created pocket. Because minimal epithelial injury occurs using this technique, postoperative pain appears to be significantly reduced.
The cDNA Sequences of Equine Antioxidative Enzyme Genes Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD, and These Expressions in Equine Tissues (1999)

The entire cDNA sequences were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques for equine copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) through the use of total RNA extracted from the testis of an adult Thoroughbred. The results revealed a protein coding region for equine Cu/Zn-SOD with bases totaling 465 bp, accompanied by an estimated 154 residues of amino acids. As for equine Mn-SOD, its coding region contained a total of 669 bp and an estimated 222 residues of amino acids. Further, the expression of Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD genes were confirmed in the equine tissues by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization.
3D differential phase-contrast microscopy with computational illumination using an LED array (2014)

We demonstrate 3D differential phase-contrast (DPC) microscopy, based on computational illumination with a programmable LED array. By capturing intensity images with various illumination angles generated by sequentially patterning an LED array source, we digitally refocus images through various depths via light field processing. The intensity differences from images taken at complementary illumination angles are then used to generate DPC images, which are related to the gradient of phase. The proposed method achieves 3D DPC with simple, inexpensive optics and no moving parts. We experimentally demonstrate our method by imaging a camel hair sample in 3D.
The ULTRAPETALA gene controls shoot and floral meristem size in Arabidopsis (2001)

The regulation of proper shoot and floral meristem size during plant development is mediated by a complex interaction of stem cell promoting and restricting factors. The phenotypic effects of mutations in the ULTRAPETALA gene, which is required to control shoot and floral meristem cell accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana, are described. ultrapetala flowers contain more floral organs and whorls than wild-type plants, phenotypes that correlate with an increase in floral meristem size preceding organ initiation. ultrapetala plants also produce more floral meristems than wild-type plants, correlating with an increase in inflorescence meristem size without visible fasciation. Expression analysis indicates that ULTRAPETALA controls meristem cell accumulation partly by limiting the domain of CLAVATA1 expression. Genetic studies show that ULTRAPETALA acts independently of ERA1, but has overlapping functions with PERIANTHIA and the CLAVATA signal transduction pathway in controlling shoot and floral meristem size and meristem determinacy. Thus ULTRAPETALA defines a novel locus that restricts meristem cell accumulation in Arabidopsis shoot and floral meristems.
Extremely Stable and Versatile Carboxylesterase from a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon (2002)

We have found that the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum calidifontis VA1 produced a thermostable esterase. We isolated and sequenced the esterase gene (est(Pc)) from strain VA1. est(Pc) consisted of 939 bp, corresponding to 313 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 34,354 Da. As est(Pc) showed significant identity (30%) to mammalian hormone-sensitive lipases (HSLs), esterase of P. calidifontis (Est) could be regarded as a new member of the HSL family. Activity levels of the enzyme were comparable or higher than those of previously reported enzymes not only at high temperature (6,410 U/mg at 90 degrees C), but also at ambient temperature (1,050 U/mg at 30 degrees C). The enzyme displayed extremely high thermostability and was also stable after incubation with various water-miscible organic solvents at a concentration of 80%. The enzyme also exhibited activity in the presence of organic solvents. Est of P. calidifontis showed higher hydrolytic activity towards esters with short to medium chains, with p-nitrophenyl caproate (C(6)) the best substrate among the p-nitrophenyl esters examined. As for the alcoholic moiety, the enzyme displayed esterase activity towards esters with both straight- and branched-chain alcohols. Most surprisingly, we found that this Est enzyme hydrolyzed the tertiary alcohol ester tert-butyl acetate, a feature very rare among previously reported lipolytic enzymes. The extreme stability against heat and organic solvents, along with its activity towards a tertiary alcohol ester, indicates a high potential for the Est of P. calidifontis in future applications.
A Quantum Chemistry Study of Binding Carotenoids in the Bacterial Light-Harvesting Complexes (2002)

Carotenoids play the dual function of light harvesting and photoprotection in photosynthetic organisms. Despite their functional importance, the molecular basis for binding of carotenoids in the photosynthetic proteins is poorly understood. We have discovered that all carotenoids are surrounded either by aromatic residues or by chlorophylls in all known crystal structures of the photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes. The intermolecular pi-pi stacking interactions between carotenoids and the surrounding aromatic residues in the light-harvesting complex II (LH-II) of Rhodospirillum molischianum were analyzed by high level ab initio electronic structure calculations. Intermolecular interaction energies were calculated with the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation method (MP2) using the modified 6-31G*(0.25) basis set with diffuse d-polarization by Hobza and co-workers. The MP2/6-31G*(0.25) calculations yield a total stabilization energy of -15.66 kcal/mol between the carotenoid molecule and the four surrounding aromatic residues (alpha-Trp-23, beta-Phe-20, beta-Phe-24, beta-Phe-27). It is thus concluded that pi-pi stacking interactions between carotenoids and the aromatic residues play an essential role in binding carotenoids in the LH-II complex of Rhodospirillum molischianum. The physical nature of the pi-pi stacking interactions was further analyzed, and the dispersion interactions were found to be the dominant intermolecular attraction force. There is also a substantial electrostatic contribution to the overall intermolecular stabilization energy.
Theory of the Effect of Spin-Orbit Coupling on Magnetic Resonance in Some Semiconductors (1954)

The effect of spin-orbit coupling on the usual band theory of electrons in a lattice is considered. Particular attention is given to the bands in impurity semiconductors with diamond-type structure. $g$-values are calculated for electron states typical of various possible cases and it is found that different values are obtained according as to whether the Fermi level is near or distant from a band degeneracy. The spin-lattice relaxation time is calculated so that the effect of spin-orbit coupling on the wave functions is included, and times in fair agreement with those observed in silicon and alkali metals are obtained.
An analog PLL-based clock and data recovery circuit with high input jitter tolerance (1989)

A clock and data recovery circuit for a T1 network is described. A fully integrated phase-locked loop (PLL) extracts the carrier signal embedded in the data. Two trimming DACs simultaneously bring the VCO center frequency and the PLL closed-loop bandwidth to their specified values. A triple sampler captures the jittering data and aligns them with the recovered clock. The input jitter of this circuit is three times more than previously reported PLL-based circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Large-scale metabarcoding analysis of epipelagic and mesopelagic copepods in the Pacific (2020)

A clear insight into the large-scale community structure of planktonic copepods is critical to understanding the mechanisms controlling diversity and biogeography of marine taxa in terms of their high abundance, ubiquity, and sensitivity to environmental changes. Here, we applied a 28S metabarcoding approach to large-scale communities of epipelagic and mesopelagic copepods at 70 stations across the Pacific Ocean and three stations in the Arctic Ocean. Major patterns of community structure and diversity, influenced by water mass structures, agreed with results from previous morphology-based studies. However, a large-scale metabarcoding approach could detect community changes even under stable environmental conditions, including changes in the north/south subtropical gyres and east/west areas within each subtropical gyre. There were strong effects of the epipelagic environment on mesopelagic communities, and community subdivisions were observed in the environmentally stable mesopelagic layer. In each sampling station, higher operational taxonomic unit (OTU) numbers and lower phylogenetic diversity were observed in the mesopelagic layer than in the epipelagic layer, indicating a recent rapid increase in species numbers in the mesopelagic layer. The phylogenetic analysis utilizing representative sequences of OTUs revealed trends of recent emergence of cold-water OTUs, which are mainly distributed at high latitudes with low water temperatures. Conversely, the high diversity of copepods at low latitudes was suggested to have been formed through long evolution under high water temperature conditions. The metabarcoding results suggest that evolutionary processes have strong impacts on current patterns of copepod diversity, and support the "out of the tropics" theory explaining latitudinal diversity gradients of copepods. Diversity patterns in both epipelagic and mesopelagic copepods was highly correlated to sea surface temperature; thus, predicted global warming may have a significant impact on copepod diversity in both layers.
Isolation of the murine intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) gene. ICAM-1 enhances antigen-specific T cell activation. (1989)

Cell adhesion molecules in the immune system are believed to play an important role in lymphocyte-target cell conjugate formation. One such molecule, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), is important in the function, aggregation, and adherence of leukocytes. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of the murine ICAM-1 gene. We report that the murine ICAM-1 gene is a member of the Ig gene superfamily, has limited homology to its human counterpart, and is expressed in cells of lymphocytic and myeloid lineages. Transfection of the ICAM-1 cDNA into MHC class II-transfected fibroblasts leads to enhancement of the Ag-specific T cell response when the transfectants are used as APC.
Glucose metabolism impacts the spatiotemporal onset and magnitude of HSC induction in vivo (2013)

Many pathways regulating blood formation have been elucidated, yet how each coordinates with embryonic biophysiology to modulate the spatiotemporal production of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is currently unresolved. Here, we report that glucose metabolism impacts the onset and magnitude of HSC induction in vivo. In zebrafish, transient elevations in physiological glucose levels elicited dose-dependent effects on HSC development, including enhanced runx1 expression and hematopoietic cluster formation in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region; embryonic-to-adult transplantation studies confirmed glucose increased functional HSCs. Glucose uptake was required to mediate the enhancement in HSC development; likewise, metabolic inhibitors diminished nascent HSC production and reversed glucose-mediated effects on HSCs. Increased glucose metabolism preferentially impacted hematopoietic and vascular targets, as determined by gene expression analysis, through mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated stimulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (hif1α). Epistasis assays demonstrated that hif1α regulates HSC formation in vivo and mediates the dose-dependent effects of glucose metabolism on the timing and magnitude of HSC production. We propose that this fundamental metabolic-sensing mechanism enables the embryo to respond to changes in environmental energy input and adjust hematopoietic output to maintain embryonic growth and ensure viability.
Retinoic acid receptor stimulation protects midbrain dopaminergic neurons from inflammatory degeneration via BDNF‐mediated signaling (2009)

Functions of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in adult CNS have been poorly characterized. Here we investigated potential neuroprotective action of tamibarotene (Am80), an RARalpha/beta agonist available for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, on midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Am80 protected dopaminergic neurons in rat midbrain slice culture from injury mediated by lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia, without affecting production of nitric oxide, a key mediator of cell injury. The effect of Am80 was mimicked by another RAR agonist, TAC-101, but not by a retinoid X receptor agonist, HX630, and HX630 did not synergize with Am80. We observed neuronal expression of RARalpha and RARbeta in midbrain slice culture and also found that Am80 increased tissue level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA. Exogenous BDNF prevented dopaminergic neurodegeneration, and the neuroprotective effect of Am80 was suppressed by a TrkB inhibitor, K252a, or by anti-BDNF neutralizing antibody. These results reveal a novel action of RARs mediated by enhancement of BDNF expression. Finally, oral administration of Am80 prevented dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra induced by local injection of lipopolysaccharide in mice, indicating that RARs are a promising target of therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.
GaN strain reduction by growth on compliant GaN-rich GaNP (2005)

For investigating the strain reduction in a GaN layer on a sapphire substrate, double heterostructures of the upper GaN layer/GaN-rich GaNP interlayer as a compliant buffer layer/lower GaN layer were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. It has been confirmed that wafer bending of the double heterostructure reduces on increasing the mole fraction of phosphorus incorporated into GaNP. Further, the results of x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering analysis revealed that strain relaxation occurs abruptly on the GaNP interlayer and that nonuniform distortion of the upper GaN layer scarcely distributes within the thickness.
Donald P. Cole,

Nomads of the Nomads : The Al Murrah Bedouin of the Empty Quarter

(Chicago: Aldine-Atherton, Inc., 1975). Pp. 179. $7.50 cloth or $2.95 paper. (1976)

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Solarization and biofumigation help disinfest soil (2000)

Preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide is scheduled to be phased out by 2005. Chemical and nonchemical alternatives are being researched and identified. Soil solarization and/or biofumigation can help fill the gap in certain cases. These alternative methods of soil disinfestation are also of value to organic growers, home gardeners and others who will not or cannot use the soil fumigation chemicals employed by many conventional commercial growers.
Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function (1992)

This publication includes 21 chapters describing in detail all elements of the normal and abnormal gait cycle and its various phases. Roles played by the joints and various parts of the skeletal system and muscles involved are explained and discussed. High-quality figures and sketches ably assist the reader in comprehending the text. Several chapters are devoted to pathological gait patterns, mechanisms, and gait deviations due to pathological conditions of the various joints in the lower extremities, trunk, and pelvis.
<title>Intraoperative localization using a three-dimensional optical digitizer</title> (1993)

Frame based stereotactic surgery allows the surgeon to precisely approach a predetermined target. Although useful for diagnostic and functional procedures, mechanical instruments fail to indicate position quickly during open craniotomy. We have developed a system employing an infrared optical digitizer to indicate position on either CT, MRI, or PET scans. The system consists of a base ring attached to the patient's head during surgery, hand held instruments of any type, a camera array, and a computer display. Light emitting diodes on the instruments and head ring are tracked by three linear CCDs suspended over the surgical field. The position of the surgical instrument relative to the patient's head is computed by a personal computer. Surgical position is indicated on an individual CT, MRI, or PET slice. A graphics workstation provides three dimensional display of position.
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis–like Syndrome in Mice Following Stimulation of the Immune System With Freund's Complete Adjuvant: Regulation by Interferon‐γ (2014)

Immune stimulation of IFNγ-KO mice with CFA produces a systemic inflammatory syndrome reflecting the clinical, biologic, and histopathologic picture of systemic JIA. The protective function of IFNγ in preventing anemia and overall systemic inflammation is a striking observation. The finding that both adaptive and innate T cells are important sources of IL-17 may be of relevance in the pathogenesis of systemic JIA.