gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recognition of a subregion of human proinsulin by class I-restricted T cells in type 1 diabetic patients (2005)

Proinsulin is a key autoantigen in type 1 diabetes. Evidence in the mouse has underscored the importance of the insulin B chain region in autoimmunity to pancreatic beta cells. In man, a majority of proteasome cleavage sites are predicted by proteasome cleavage algorithms within this region. To study CD8+ T cell responses to the insulin B chain and adjacent C peptide, we selected 8- to 11-mer peptides according to proteasome cleavage patterns obtained by digestion of two peptides covering proinsulin residues 28 to 64. We studied their binding to purified HLA class I molecules and their recognition by T cells from diabetic patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 17 of 19 recent-onset and 12 of 13 long-standing type 1 diabetic patients produced IFN-gamma in response to proinsulin peptides as shown by using an ELISPOT assay. In most patients, the response was against several class I-restricted peptides. Nine peptides were recognized within the proinsulin region covering residues 34 to 61. Four yielded a high frequency of recognition in HLA-A1 and -B8 patients. Three peptides located in the proinsulin region 41-51 were shown to bind several HLA molecules and to be recognized in a high percentage of diabetic patients.
Simple and Fast Method for the Fabrication of Switchable Bicomponent Micropatterned Polymer Surfaces (2007)

We report on the fabrication of micropatterned polymer surfaces that allow the reversible inversion of surface topography, charge, and wettability. Micropatterned surfaces were prepared by grafting two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (poly(acrylic acid) and poly(2-vinylpyridine)) using a combination of photolithography, "lift off", and "grafting to" techniques. The switchable surfaces are of interest in microprinting and for the design of microfluidic devices and programmed protein adsorption.
Proposed Guidelines on Screening for Risk of Type 1 Diabetes (2001)

These guidelines represent the recommendations of the Immunology of Diabetes Society (IDS) on the assessment of risk of type 1 diabetes in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with the disease, and are based on the consensus reached at a symposium held at the fourth meeting of the IDS (Fiuggi, Italy, November 1999).

Assessment of risk of type 1 diabetes in relatives was initially based on detection of circulating islet cell antibodies (ICAs) supplemented by measurement of insulin autoantibodies (IAAs), and evaluation of β-cell function by determination of the first-phase insulin response (FPIR) in the intravenous glucose tolerance test. Other islet autoantigens, including GAD and the protein tyrosine phosphatase IA-2/ICA512, have subsequently been identified, and the role of autoantibodies to these antigens in assessment of risk of type 1 diabetes in first-degree relatives has been investigated in a number of large prospective studies. In addition, the genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, particularly that conferred by genes in the HLA class II region, has been …
Methamphetamine and HIV-1: potential interactions and the use of the FIV/cat model (2000)

The interaction of methamphetamine with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the aetiologic agent of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), has not been thoroughly investigated. However, increasingly, a larger proportion of HIV infected individuals acquire the virus through methamphetamine use or are exposed to this drug during their disease course. In certain populations, there is a convergence of methamphetamine use and HIV-1 infection; yet our understanding of the potential effects that simultaneous exposure to these two agents have on disease progression is extremely limited. Studying the interactions between methamphetamine and lentivirus in people is difficult. To thoroughly understand methamphetamine's effects on lentivirus disease progression, an animal model that is both clinically relevant and easily manipulated is essential. In this report, we identified potential problems with methamphetamine abuse in individuals with a concurrent HIV-1 infection, described the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)/cat model for HIV-1, and reported our early findings using this modelling system to study the interaction of methamphetamine and lentivirus infections.
Electrochromic window with lithium conductive polymer electrolyte (1990)

An electrochromic window was built using WO3 as the electrochromic material and V2O5 as the counter-electrode. Both were deposited onto ITO coated glass panes by vacuum evaporation and were amorphous to X-ray diffraction. The electrolyte was a lithium conducting polymer constituted by a Poly (ethylene oxide) - lithium salt complex. The electrochemical characterization of electrodes was realized by cyclic voltammetry, coulometric titration, and impedance spectroscopy, which allowd the determination of the chemical diffusion coefficients of lithium into WO3 and V2O8. Potentiostatic cycling of the complete transmissive cell yields a transmission variation from 41% to 13% at 633 nm with a response time of 10 seconds at room temperature.
Autoregulation of Blood Flow (1963)

The first international symposium on radiosensitizers and radioprotective drugs
 [ Science 140, 207 (12 Apr. 1963)] is scheduled for 23-24 May 1964.
Remdesivir in a pregnant patient with COVID-19 pneumonia (2021)

Remdesivir is an antiviral drug currently being studied as a potential treatment of pneumonia caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. The Adaptive Covid-19 Treatment Trial (ACTT-1) by NIH and the SIMPLE study by Gilead Sciences are two major trials that showed promising results of Remdesivir in the non-pregnant population. We are presenting the case of a pregnant patient who was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and successfully treated with Remdesivir.
Brain Morphology and Schizophrenia (1992)

We used magnetic resonance imaging to examine the morphologic characteristics of the amygdala/hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and caudate nucleus in 29 healthy volunteers matched for age, gender, and head of household socioeconomic status and 44 patients with chronic schizophrenia. Total volumes of these structures were determined from 3-mm contiguous coronal sections. Schizophrenic patients, compared with healthy controls, had significantly smaller right and left amygdala/hippocampal complex volumes, smaller right and left prefrontal volumes, and larger left caudate volumes. A secondary analysis revealed reductions in the right and left amygdala and the left hippocampus. In addition, prefrontal white matter, but not gray matter, was reduced in the schizophrenic patients. Moreover, the right white matter volume in schizophrenic patients was significantly related to right amygdala/hippocampal volume (r = .39), data that provide preliminary support for a hypothesis of abnormal limbic-cortical connection in schizophrenia. We studied the implications of these data for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
A Novel Cytoplasmic Domain of the p55 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Initiates the Neutral Sphingomyelinase Pathway (1996)

The human p55 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (TR55) initiates at least two independent signaling cascades. The acidic sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) pathway involves a phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, an endosomal A-SMase, and controls expression of multiple TNF-responsive genes through induction of transcription factors such as NF-kappaB. The neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) pathway comprises a membrane-bound N-SMase, proline-directed protein kinases, as well as phospholipase A2 and appears critical for the inflammatory responses induced by TNF. While the domain of TR55 that induces A-SMase is probably identical to the death domain, the exact location and extent of a putative N-SMase activation domain are still unknown. Structure-function analysis of TR55 deletion mutants revealed a novel region of 11 amino acids at position 309-319 that is both necessary and sufficient for activation of N-SMase. The N-SMase activation domain is distinct from the death domain and incapable of induction of A-SMase, NF-kappaB, and cytotoxicity. Taken together, our results suggest that a functionally independent region of TR55 is responsible for selectively initiating the N-SMase pathway that couples to an important inflammatory signaling cascade.
Access to 1,2‐Dihydroisoquinolines through Gold‐Catalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition (2014)

A new synthetic route to the privileged 1,2-dihydroisoquinolines is reported. This method, which relies on a gold-catalyzed formal [4+2] cycloaddition between ynamides and imines, provides a new retrosynthetic disconnection of the 1,2-dihydroisoquinoline core by installing the 1,8a C-C and 2,3 C-N bonds in one step. Both aldimines and ketimines can be used as substrates. In addition, one example of dihydrofuropyridine synthesis is also demonstrated.
Electrostatic charging and deflection of nonconventional droplet streams formed from capillary stream breakup (2000)

Droplet streams generated from capillary stream breakup and forced with amplitude-modulated (a-m) disturbances will undergo a systematic interdroplet merging process due to their relative velocities that result from the a-m disturbance. This paper concerns the electrostatic charging of droplets generated with a-m disturbances, and seeks an understanding between the competitive effects of the electrostatic repulsive force and the momentum associated with relative velocities that are due to the a-m disturbance. To this end, experimental results and numerical simulations that are in excellent agreement and predict the configuration of the charged droplet stream are presented. In this work, droplets are generated with the aforementioned technique and are electrostatically charged. It has been found that for droplets generated with a disturbance with a high degree of modulation, m, the momentum of the droplets dominates over the electrostatic force causing the droplet merging process to be similar to the uncharged case as attested by both experimental results and numerical simulations. Here, m is the ratio of modulation to original carrier amplitudes. For droplets with lower values of m, the electrostatic forces dominate and it is found that the relative positions of the droplets will oscillate along the direction of their flight path with maximum excursions not exceeding one wavelength of the carrier disturbance (i.e., the separation of the unmerged droplets).
Chemically Cross-Linked Hybrid Nanogels of Alginate and PAMAM Dendrimers as Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery Vehicles (2015)

Proper choice and design of nanocarriers is imperative to achieve the desired therapeutic benefits. Herein, we report a facile methodology for preparation of chemically cross-linked AG-G5 hybrid nanogels of alginate (AG) and G5.0 poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer via carbodiimide chemistry. The rationale behind the formulation of AG-G5 nanogels is to attain effective and sustained delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Physical entrapment of anticancer drug epirubicin (EPI) within AG-G5 nanogels endows them with therapeutic properties. Analytical techniques such as zeta potential (ζ) measurements, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirm the integration of PAMAM dendrimer with alginate structure. Thermal, swelling studies, and surface area estimations suggest improved stability and porosity of AG-G5 nanogels. Moreover, AG-G5 nanogels exhibited significantly better mechanical properties and pH dependent release of EPI than AG nanogels. Fluorescence microscopy, cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis and FE-SEM imaging indicated apoptosis inducing potential of EPI⊂AG-G5 nanogels by enhanced intracellular EPI accumulation in breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Overall, our results put forth AG-G5 hybrid nanogels as prospective candidates to achieve enhanced anticancer effects in vitro.
Phagocytosis, Chemiluminescence, and Cell Volume of Alveolar Macrophages From Neonatal and Adult Pigs (1985)

Broncho-alveolar cells lavaged from the lungs of 1- and 7-day-old piglets and adult pigs were examined to determine their alveolar macrophage content, cell size, and ability to phagocytyze emulsified oil droplets and to chemiluminesce in response to opsonized zymosan particles. Alveolar macrophages were identified by specific cytochemical stains and differential cell counts as being 95%, 97%, and 90% of the cell populations, respectively. The cell volume of macrophages from 1-day-old pigs was 383 +/- 40 microns3; while the cell volumes from 7 day and adult pigs were 1,660 +/- 265 and 1,411 +/- 310 microns3. Alveolar macrophage from 1-day-old piglets possessed little ability to engulf oil droplets; however, macrophages from 7-day-old piglets phagocytized these opsonized droplets at a rate equivalent to alveolar macrophages obtained from adult pigs. The phagocytosis of oil droplets by both 7-day and adult alveolar macrophages manifested similar characteristics. Both rates can be described by saturation kinetics, and while temperatures from 37 degrees to 30 degrees C had little effect, the rate declined rapidly between 30 degrees and 16 degrees C. Alveolar macrophages from 1-day-old piglets displayed a lower magnitude of chemiluminescence than cells from 7-day-old and adult pigs and did not always respond to zymosan exposure. On the other hand, 7-day-old and adult pig alveolar macrophages were quite similar in their ability to chemiluminesce. Increasing extracellular glucose from 1 to 20 mM induced a concomitant increase in chemiluminescence. The findings suggest that functionally competent alveolar macrophages emerge in the pig lung approximately 1 week after birth.
LEARNING OTHER AGENTS' PREFERENCES IN MULTI-AGENT NEGOTIATION USING THE BAYESIAN CLASSIFIER (1999)

In multi-agent systems, most of the time, an agent does not have complete information about the preferences and decision making processes of other agents. This prevents even the cooperative agents from making coordinated choices, purely due to their ignorance of what other want. To overcome this problem, traditional coordination methods rely heavily on inter-agent communication, and thus become very inefficient when communication is costly or simply not desirable (e.g. to preserve privacy). In this paper, we propose the use of learning to complement communication in acquiring knowledge about other agents. We augment the communication-intensive negotiating agent architecture with a learning module, implemented as a Bayesian classifier. This allows our agents to incrementally update models of other agents' preferences from past negotiations with them. Based on these models, the agents can make sound predictions about others' preferences, thus reducing the need for communication in their future interactions.
Altered systemic iron metabolism in Parkinson's disease (1997)

Iron deposition in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease has been associated with an increase in lactoferrin receptors and a reduction in ferritin concentration. This accumulation of iron in the brain may accelerate free radical formation, lipid peroxidation, and neuronal death. Remarkably, there are few data available concerning systemic iron metabolism in Parkinson's disease. We measured total iron binding capacity and circulating iron, ferritin, transferrin, and transferrin receptors; calculated transferrin saturation; and estimated dietary iron intake in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and in controls. Concentrations of circulating iron, ferritin, and transferrin as well as total iron binding capacity and transferrin saturation were significantly lower in patients than controls. There were no differences in transferrin receptors or dietary intake of iron. The decrease in levels of systemic ferritin and transferrin and the total iron binding capacity parallels observations in a Parkinson's disease brain, but the reductions in serum iron concentrations and transferrin saturation do not, and were unexpected. These results suggest the existence of a defect in the systems that regulate the synthesis of the major proteins of iron metabolism in the liver as well as the brain in Parkinson's disease that may, over time, expedite entry of iron into the brain and decrease iron in the extracellular compartment.
Epidemics of Diarrhea Caused by a Clindamycin-Resistant Strain ofClostridium difficilein Four Hospitals (1999)

A strain of C. difficile that is highly resistant to clindamycin was responsible for large outbreaks of diarrhea in four hospitals in different states. The use of clindamycin is a specific risk factor for diarrhea due to this strain. Resistance to clindamycin further increases the risk of C. difficile-associated diarrhea, an established complication of antimicrobial use.
Meta-Analysis of Concomitant Versus Sequential Radiochemotherapy in Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2010)

Concomitant radiochemotherapy, as compared with sequential radiochemotherapy, improved survival of patients with locally advanced NSCLC, primarily because of a better locoregional control, but at the cost of manageable increased acute esophageal toxicity.
Luciferin Detection After Intranasal Vector Delivery Is Improved by Intranasal Rather Than Intraperitoneal Luciferin Administration (2008)

In vivo bioimaging of transgenic luciferase in the lung and nose is an expedient method by which to continually measure expression of this marker gene after gene transduction. Its substrate, luciferin, is typically injected into the peritoneal cavity before bioimaging. Here we demonstrate that, compared with intraperitoneal injection, intranasal instillation of luciferin confers approximately an order of magnitude increase in luciferase bioluminescence detection in both lung and nose. This effect was observed after administration of viral vectors based on adenovirus type 5, adeno-associated virus type 8, and gp64-pseudotyped HIV lentivirus and, to a lesser extent, after nonviral polyethylenimine (PEI)-DNA delivery. Detection increased relative to the concentration of luciferin; however, a standard concentration of 15 mg/ml was well beyond the saturation point. Compared with intraperitoneal injection, intranasal instillation yields about a 10-fold increase in sensitivity with an approximate 30-fold reduction in luciferin usage when bioimaging in the nasal and pulmonary airways of mice.
A MEMS Sensor for Continuous Monitoring of Glucose in Subcutaneous Tissue (2009)

We present a MEMS sensor for continuous glucose monitoring for diabetes management. The device consists of a microcantilever, which is driven by remote magnetic field and situated in a microchamber separated from the sensing environment by a semi-permeable membrane. As glucose concentration varies, viscosity changes induced by glucose/copolymer binding in a poly(acrylamide-ran-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) (PAA-ran-PAAPBA) copolymer solution produce a measurable change in cantilever vibration. The device has been used to measure physiologically relevant glucose concentrations from 0 to 324 mg/dL. The response time of the sensor to glucose concentration changes was 3 minutes and can be further improved with optimized device designs.
Iron Homeostasis and Pulmonary Hypertension (2015)

These data suggest a major role for iron in pulmonary vascular homeostasis and support the clinical evaluation of iron replacement in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Fluid Distribution in Process Equipment (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluid Distribution in Process EquipmentV. E. SenecalCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 6, 993–997Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50570a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views435Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts
Semi-automated vs. visual reading of urinalysis dipsticks. (1977)

Semi-automated reflectance readings of urinalysis dipsticks showed better precision than visual readings in the case of artificially prepared urine samples containing glucose, ketone, and protein. Actual pathological specimens containing glucose, protein, and nitrite also showed that instrumental readings were better than visual. Results of repeated visual readings spread over three different color blocks for certain concentrations of glucose, ketone, and protein, whereas repeated instrumental readings were never spread greater than two color blocks. Subjectivity can be reduced by semi-automated dipstick urinalysis.
Salt-Responsive Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes with Tunable Friction and Antifouling Properties (2015)

Development of smart, multifunction materials is challenging but important for many fundamental and industrial applications. Here, we synthesized and characterized zwitterionic poly(3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate) (polyVBIPS) brushes as ion-responsive smart surfaces via the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. PolyVBIPS brushes were carefully characterized for their surface morphologies, compositions, wettability, and film thicknesses by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle, and ellipsometer, respectively. Salt-responsive, switching properties of polyVBIPS brushes on surface hydration, friction, and antifouling properties were further examined and compared both in water and in salt solutions with different salt concentrations and counterion types. Collective data showed that polyVBIPS brushes exhibited reversible surface wettability switching between in water and saturated NaCl solution. PolyVBIPS brushes in water induced the larger protein absorption, higher surface friction, and lower surface hydration than those in salt solutions, exhibiting "anti-polyelectrolyte effect" salt responsive behaviors. At appropriate ionic conditions, polyVBIPs brushes were able to switch to superlow fouling surfaces (<0.3 ng/cm(2) protein adsorption) and superlow friction surfaces (u ∼ 10(-3)). The relationship between brush structure and its salt-responsive performance was also discussed. This work provides new zwitterionic surface-responsive materials with controllable antifouling and friction capabilities for multifunctional applications.