gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geological and Soil Evidence: Forensic Applications (2007)

Introduction: The Nature and Development of Forensic Geology The Nature of Forensic Geology and Forensic Soil Science Development of the Use of Geological and Soil Materials as Trace Evidence Other Types of Geoscience Data Useful in Forensic Investigations Types of Geological and Soil Materials That May be Useful as Trace Evidence Overview of Material Types and Available Analytical Strategies Rocks Sediments Soils Dusts and Particulates Minerals Glasses and Other Amorphous Materials Fossils Anthropogenic Materials Bulk Properties of Geological and Soil Materials Physical Characteristics Chemical Characteristics Mineralogical Characteristics Bulk Organic Matter Characteristics Properties of Individual Particles Introduction Particle Size Particle Shape Surface Texture Characterization of Particle Morphology Using Fourier Analysis, Fractal Analysis, and Fourier Descriptors Three-Dimensional Particle Shape Analysis Using X-Ray Tomography and Laser Profilometry Color Luminescence Properties Composite Characterization of Particles and Objects Elemental Composition Isotopic Composition Mineralogical Identification and Characterization of Noncrystalline Materials Micro-Fabric of Rocks and Soils Identification and Characterization of Organic Particles Sampling and Sample Handling The Nature of Samples and Their Limitations General Sampling Guidance Sampling Strategies for Control Samples Size and Type of Sample Sampling Tools and Sample Containers Sample Labeling and Associated Information Sample Storage Questioned Soil Samples from Items Submitted for Forensic Examination Evaluation of the Significance of Geological and Soil Evidence General Procedures and Principles Exploratory Data Analysis Classical Hypothesis Testing Correlation and Regression Analysis Multivariate Analysis Combined Approaches Assessment of Coincidence Probabilities and Likelihood Ratios Direct Data Comparison: Deciding If Two Samples are Indistinguishable, Similar, or Different Use of Multi-Technique Comparison Data to Determine Exclusion/Include Geological and Soil Databases and Database Interrogation Evaluation of the Overall Strength of Geological and Soil Evidence The Future References Index
Expression and cellular distribution of heat-shock and nuclear oncogene proteins in rat hearts (1991)

An early, transient accumulation of mRNAs of the protooncogenes c-fos and c-myc and the heat-shock protein HSP70 has been described in hypertrophying rat hearts. It is unclear 1) in which cardiac cell type-these gene activations occur and 2) whether the corresponding proteins are translated. We studied protein expression in rat hearts during ontogenic development and under stress conditions associated with pressure overload with the use of immunofluorescent techniques. During cardiac development no HSP70 could be detected. c-Fos was expressed consistently after birth but only in coronary smooth muscle cells, and c-Myc was found exclusively in adult coronary endothelium and myocardial nonmuscle cells. In adult rats, HSP70 and, to a lesser extent, c-Fos were induced in myocardial muscle and some nonmuscle cells within 3 h following methohexital sodium anesthesia. A similar, more intense immunolabeling of these peptides was observed after thoracotomy and/or aortic stenosis. The coronary c-Fos and c-Myc labeling remained unchanged in these conditions. Thus the expression in cardiac muscle and nonmuscle cells of the three peptides differs and depends on different triggers.
Biologically-inspired robust and adaptive multi-sensor fusion and active control (2009)

In this paper, we describe a method and system for robust and efficient goal-oriented active control of a machine (e.g., robot) based on processing, hierarchical spatial understanding, representation and memory of multimodal sensory inputs. This work assumes that a high-level plan or goal is known a priori or is provided by an operator interface, which translates into an overall perceptual processing strategy for the machine. Its analogy to the human brain is the download of plans and decisions from the pre-frontal cortex into various perceptual working memories as a perceptual plan that then guides the sensory data collection and processing. For example, a goal might be to look for specific colored objects in a scene while also looking for specific sound sources. This paper combines three key ideas and methods into a single closed-loop active control system. (1) Use high-level plan or goal to determine and prioritize spatial locations or waypoints (targets) in multimodal sensory space; (2) collect/store information about these spatial locations at the appropriate hierarchy and representation in a spatial working memory. This includes invariant learning of these spatial representations and how to convert between them; and (3) execute actions based on ordered retrieval of these spatial locations from hierarchical spatial working memory and using the "right" level of representation that can efficiently translate into motor actions. In its most specific form, the active control is described for a vision system (such as a pantilt- zoom camera system mounted on a robotic head and neck unit) which finds and then fixates on high saliency visual objects. We also describe the approach where the goal is to turn towards and sequentially foveate on salient multimodal cues that include both visual and auditory inputs.
O novo paradigma da gestão pública e a busca da accountability democrática (2014)

O artigo aborda as questões ligadas ao tema da accountability dentro do paradigma da nova gestão pública: é possível permitir que servidores públicos, investidos de poder e prontos para responder aos problemas, tomem decisões e sejam inovadores, e ainda assim tenham accountability democrática? Essa importante questão1 tem assombrado aqueles que defendem uma ‘nova gestão pública’. Os proponentes do paradigma da nova gestão pública enfatizam a capacidade de sua estratégia de produzir resultados. No entanto, eles ignoram a problemática questão da accountability política. Eles deverão desenvolver um processo que não só permita aos gestores públicos alcançar melhores resultados, mas também garantir a accountability perante um eleitorado democrático.
Behavioural and electrophysiological responses of the female malaria mosquitoAnopheles gambiae(Diptera: Culicidae) to Limburger cheese volatiles (1997)

Abstract Limburger cheese, previously shown to attract female Anopheles gambiae Giles, was solvent extracted and chemically fractionated into acid and non-acid fractions. The extracts and aliquots of headspace odour of the cheese were analysed by gas chromatography and electron impact mass spectrometry. Nineteen saturated and unsaturated aliphatic fatty acids, ranging in carbon chain length from C 2 to C 18 , were detected. The most abundant acids (&gt;1 mg/g of cheese) identified in the acid extract were ethanoic, propanoic, butanoic, hexadecanoic and 9-octadecenoic acid. The same compounds were identified in analyses of headspace samples but only trace quantities of the less volatile acids (C 10 to C 16 ) were present, whilst C 18 acids were absent. Behavioural responses of female A. gambiae towards a range of dilutions of the acid extract (in diethyl ether) were recorded in a windtunnel bioassay. The undiluted extract was found to be repellent, but became highly attractive ( P «0.001) at lower doses, and was still significantly attractive ( P &lt;0.001) when diluted 10 6 times. A synthetic mixture of 12 of the more abundant aliphatic acids identified in the acid extract was found to be significantly attractive ( P &lt;0.001) when diluted 10 8 times. Electroantennographic (EAG) studies showed significant and reproducible responses to (saturated) Limburger cheese headspace. At doses higher than 0.1%, the synthetic mixture of 12 acids elicited significantly higher EAG amplitudes than the solvent control (paraffin oil). EAG responses were recorded from mosquitoes stimulated with C 5 to C 8 acids, that were characterized by significant dose-dependencies. Weaker, though significant EAG responses were obtained with the less volatile acids (C 9 to C 14 ). Only hexadecanoic acid did not elicit a detectable response. The electrophysiological and behavioural responses obtained with fatty acids isolated from Limburger cheese suggests that together they could act as a kairomone for female A. gambiae . The implications of this are discussed together with the occurrence and bacterial production of these compounds on human skin.
Cerebral Hypometabolism Obtained with Deep Pentobarbital Anesthesia and Hypothermia (30 C) (1978)

Cerebral metabolic and vascular effects of hypothermia (30 C) and deep pentobarbital anesthesia, separately and combined, were evaluated in 15 mongrel dogs. External cardiovascular support was not used, and mean arterial blood pressures remained greater than 60 torr. Normothermic deep pentobarbital anesthesia, characterized by an electroencephalographic (EEG) frequency of less than 1 Hz, was associated with 30% decreases in cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen (CMRO2) and glucose (CMRG) from lightly anesthetized control values. Hypothermia (30 C) alone caused similar decreases in CMRO2 and CMRG in the presence of an active EEG. The use of pentobarbital anesthesia and hypothermia combined achieved significantly greater (P less than 0.05) decreases in CMRO2 (70%) and CMRG (72%) from the control state. Cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) increased by 70% (P less than 0.05) during hypothermia and about 20% when pentobarbital was administered to normothermic dogs. In hypothermic animals the addition of pentobarbital had a minimal effect on CVR. No alteration in the oxygen-glucose or lactate-glucose index indicative of cerebral hypoxia occurred in any experimental group. This study indicates that barbiturates combined with hypothermia decrease cerebral metabolism to a greater extent than hypothermia or barbiturate alone. When cerebral hypometabolism is therapeutically necessary, barbiturates may be indicated as an adjunct to moderate hypothermia.
Stochastic optimization of floating-point programs with tunable precision (2014)

The aggressive optimization of floating-point computations is an important problem in high-performance computing. Unfortunately, floating-point instruction sets have complicated semantics that often force compilers to preserve programs as written. We present a method that treats floating-point optimization as a stochastic search problem. We demonstrate the ability to generate reduced precision implementations of Intel's handwritten C numeric library which are up to 6 times faster than the original code, and achieve end-to-end speedups of over 30% on a direct numeric simulation and a ray tracer by optimizing kernels that can tolerate a loss of precision while still remaining correct. Because these optimizations are mostly not amenable to formal verification using the current state of the art, we present a stochastic search technique for characterizing maximum error. The technique comes with an asymptotic guarantee and provides strong evidence of correctness.
Genotypes and phylogenetic characterization of hepatitis B and delta viruses in Egypt (2003)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) sequences among HBV carriers from Egypt have not been evaluated sufficiently. The genotypes of HBV isolated from 105 serum samples from Egyptian carriers were determined. Four complete genomes and 11 entire preS1/S2/S genes were sequenced and evaluated. All serum samples were classified into HBV genotype D using serologic and genetic methods. The length of four complete nucleotide sequences was 3,182 bp. In all 15 samples, the common 33 nucleotides (11 amino acids) deletions in the preS1 region specific for HBV genotype D were observed. In the phylogenetic analysis based on the complete nucleotide sequences, all samples were clustered with the HBV isolates reported from previously Western and Mediterranean countries with nucleotide homology ranging from 96.0-98.0%. Of 75 HBsAg positive samples, anti-HDV was found in 15 (20%), and HDV RNA was detected in 9 of 15 (60%). The proportion of the patients with liver disease was higher in HBV carriers of anti-HDV positive with HDV RNA than in HBV carriers of anti-HDV positive without HDV RNA (P < 0.05). In the phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences in nucleotide position 853-1267 of HDV, nine samples were classified into HDV genotype I with the nucleotide homology ranging from 88.3-92.1% (mean; 90.5%) and clustered with HDV strains reported previously from Ethiopia, Somalia, Egypt, and Lebanon. These results indicate that HBV genotype D and HDV genotype I are most prevalent in Egypt, and HDV co-infection in HBV carriers is related to severity of liver disease.
Continuous separation of lipid particles from erythrocytes by means of laminar flow and acoustic standing wave forces (2004)

Improved continuous acoustic particle separation (separation efficiency close to 100%) and separation of erythrocytes (red blood cells) from lipid microemboli in whole blood is reported.
The Intestinal T Cell Response to α-Gliadin in Adult Celiac Disease Is Focused on a Single Deamidated Glutamine Targeted by Tissue Transglutaminase (2000)

The great majority of patients that are intolerant of wheat gluten protein due to celiac disease (CD) are human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2(+), and the remaining few normally express HLA-DQ8. These two class II molecules are chiefly responsible for the presentation of gluten peptides to the gluten-specific T cells that are found only in the gut of CD patients but not of controls. Interestingly, tissue transglutaminase (tTG)-mediated deamidation of gliadin plays an important role in recognition of this food antigen by intestinal T cells. Here we have used recombinant antigens to demonstrate that the intestinal T cell response to alpha-gliadin in adult CD is focused on two immunodominant, DQ2-restricted peptides that overlap by a seven-residue fragment of gliadin. We show that tTG converts a glutamine residue within this fragment into glutamic acid and that this process is critical for T cell recognition. Gluten-specific T cell lines from 16 different adult patients all responded to one or both of these deamidated peptides, indicating that these epitopes are highly relevant to disease pathology. Binding studies showed that the deamidated peptides displayed an increased affinity for DQ2, a molecule known to preferentially bind peptides containing negatively charged residues. Interestingly, the modified glutamine is accommodated in different pockets of DQ2 for the different epitopes. These results suggest modifications of anchor residues that lead to an improved affinity for major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and altered conformation of the peptide-MHC complex may be a critical factor leading to T cell responses to gliadin and the oral intolerance of gluten found in CD.
Sintering Mechanism of Fine Zirconia Powders with Alumina Added by Various Ways (2007)

Small amounts of Al2O3 were added to fine zirconia powder by different ways: powder mixing, hydrolysis of alkoxide, and homogeneous precipitation. During a constant rate heating process, the Al2O3 addition slightly raised the starting temperature of densification of powder compact, and the densification was remarkably stimulated by Al2O3 at temperatures above about 1100oC. According to an isothermal analysis of densification, the densification rate was retarded by Al2O3 addition just after the start of sintering and then the densification rate increased significantly during sintering compared to Al2O3-free powder. These results mean that Al2O3 particles pinned the shrinkage of zirconia powder compact at the initial stage, and diffuse toward zirconia surface to enhance the sintering. The sintering mechanism was explained by the grain-boundary diffusion for the Al2O3-free powder and the volume diffusion for Al2O3-added powder. When the Al2O3 was added to zirconia powder by homogeneous precipitation and alkoxide methods, the densification rate was more stimulated compared to powder mixing method. The sintering mechanism did not change by the way for Al2O3 addition. The Al2O3 addition by the chemical process tended to enhance the grain growth of zirconia, while the uniform microstructure was achieved because of homogeneous addition of Al2O3 by these chemical processes.
Pattern of expression of highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule in the developing and adult rat striatum (1994)

In rats, morphological and synaptic maturation of the striatum, a brain area involved in the control of movement and in cognitive behaviour, proceeds for several weeks postnatally. Little is known, however, about the molecular events associated with the final maturation of the striatum. In particular, there is little information on molecules playing a role in cell adhesion, a phenomenon of particular importance for neuronal development. We have examined the time course and topography of expression of the highly polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule in the rat striatum during postnatal development and in the adult, and compared it to growth-associated protein-43, a marker of axonal growth. As earlier during development [Aaron L. I. and Chesselet M.-F. (1989) Neuroscience 28, 701-710], immunolabelling for polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule was very intense in the entire striatum at postnatal days 17-19. At postnatal days 21 and 22, loss of polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule immunoreactivity in the caudal part of the striatum contrasted with the persistence of immunoreactivity at more rostral levels. Most of the striatum was devoid of polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule immunoreactivity by postnatal day 25. At this age, as well as in the striatum of adult rats, immunolabelling was only observed along the ventricular edge of the striatum. In contrast to polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule immunoreactivity, immunolabelling for growth-associated protein-43 had reached its adult pattern by postnatal day 17, indicating that polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule persists beyond the period of major axonal growth. In the adult, an area of stronger growth associated protein-43 immunoreactivity overlapped with the region which retained immunoreactivity to polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule. The results indicate that, in the developing rat striatum, the neural cell adhesion molecule remains highly sialylated not only during the ingrowth of cortical and nigral inputs but also during the formation of dendritic spine and synaptogenesis. Loss of polysialyated neural cell adhesion molecule occurs at the time of emerging spontaneous activity in cerebral cortex, and precedes the development of mature responses to cortical stimulation and adult membrane properties in a majority of striatal neurons.
Antisense : from technology to therapy : lab manual and textbook (1997)

I. Technical Aspects of Antisense Oligonucleotides II. Gene Function Analysis and Development of Therapeutic Agents III. Perspectives of Drug Development Index
TensorFlow: a system for large-scale machine learning (2016)

TensorFlow is a machine learning system that operates at large scale and in heterogeneous environments. Tensor-Flow uses dataflow graphs to represent computation, shared state, and the operations that mutate that state. It maps the nodes of a dataflow graph across many machines in a cluster, and within a machine across multiple computational devices, including multicore CPUs, general-purpose GPUs, and custom-designed ASICs known as Tensor Processing Units (TPUs). This architecture gives flexibility to the application developer: whereas in previous parameter server designs the management of shared state is built into the system, TensorFlow enables developers to experiment with novel optimizations and training algorithms. TensorFlow supports a variety of applications, with a focus on training and inference on deep neural networks. Several Google services use TensorFlow in production, we have released it as an open-source project, and it has become widely used for machine learning research. In this paper, we describe the TensorFlow dataflow model and demonstrate the compelling performance that TensorFlow achieves for several real-world applications.
Low noise erbium fiber fs frequency comb based on a tapered-fiber carbon nanotube design (2011)

We report on a low noise all-fiber erbium fs frequency comb based on a simple and robust tapered-fiber carbon nanotube (tf-CNT) design. We mitigate dominant noise sources to show that the free-running linewidth of the carrier-envelope offset frequency (fceo) can be comparable to the best reported performance to date for fiber-based frequency combs. A free-running fceo linewidth of ~20 kHz is demonstrated, corresponding to an improvement of ~30 times over previous work based on a CNT mode-locked fiber laser [Opt. Express 18, 1667 (2010)]. We also demonstrate the use of an acousto-optic modulator external to the laser cavity to stabilize fceo, enabling a 300 kHz feedback control bandwidth. The offset frequency is phase-locked with an in-loop integrated phase noise of ~0.8 rad from 10Hz to 400kHz. We show a resolution-limited linewidth of ~1 Hz, demonstrating over 90% of the carrier power within the coherent fceo signal. The results demonstrate that the relatively simple tf-CNT fiber laser design can provide a compact, robust and high-performance fs frequency comb.
Accessing Genetic Information with High-Density DNA Arrays (1996)

Rapid access to genetic information is central to the revolution taking place in molecular genetics. The simultaneous analysis of the entire human mitochondrial genome is described here. DNA arrays containing up to 135,000 probes complementary to the 16.6-kilobase human mitochondrial genome were generated by light-directed chemical synthesis. A two-color labeling scheme was developed that allows simultaneous comparison of a polymorphic target to a reference DNA or RNA. Complete hybridization patterns were revealed in a matter of minutes. Sequence polymorphisms were detected with single-base resolution and unprecedented efficiency. The methods described are generic and can be used to address a variety of questions in molecular genetics including gene expression, genetic linkage, and genetic variability.