gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoactivatable Lipid Probes for Studying Biomembranes by Photoaffinity Labeling (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTPhotoactivatable Lipid Probes for Studying Biomembranes by Photoaffinity LabelingYi Xia and Ling Peng*View Author Information Aix-Marseille Université, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, CNRS UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 10, 7880–7929Publication Date (Web):August 15, 2013Publication History Received23 October 2012Published online15 August 2013Published inissue 9 October 2013https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300419pCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is Open Access under the license indicated. Learn MoreArticle Views10105Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (10 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biomembranes,Lipids,Membranes,Peptides and proteins,Probes Get e-Alerts
Development of bivalent rgp120 vaccines to prevent HIV type 1 infection. (1998)

A new generation of "bivalent" gp120-based vaccines, effective against subtype B and subtype E viruses, has been developed. Antisera from rabbits and humans immunized with these vaccines are able to neutralize macrophage tropic and T-cell tropic viruses grown in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These vaccines are now available for efficacy trials to determine the role of humoral immunity in providing protection against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.
Lipids and Minerals Form Novel Composite Microstructures (1993)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTLipids and Minerals Form Novel Composite MicrostructuresVariety of shapes and compositions possible by varying organic, inorganic ingredients and reaction conditionsRON DAGANCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1993, 71, 32, 19–20Publication Date (Print):August 9, 1993Publication History Published online11 November 2010Published inissue 9 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v071n032.p019https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v071n032.p019newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1993 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Lipids Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of the rapid plasma elimination of recombinant alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor: synthesis of polyethylene glycol conjugates with improved therapeutic potential. (1990)

Plasma-derived alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PlI) is used for replacement therapy in patients with emphysema who have a deficiency of the protein. Future therapy with alpha 1PI with reactive site mutants of this inhibitor will probably require the use of recombinant-derived alpha 1PI (r alpha 1PI). However, the pharmacologic efficacy of r alpha 1PI in humans has been hindered, since r alpha 1PI is rapidly cleared from the circulation of experimental animals. Our studies of the metabolism of r alpha 1PI in mice demonstrate that the rapid clearance of r alpha 1PI is due to renal filtration. However, after preventing renal filtration by ligation of the renal arteries, we find that r alpha 1PI is metabolized in a manner similar to alpha 1PI. Conjugation of r alpha 1PI to polyethylene glycol of Mr approximately 4000 (PEG-4) greatly slows the clearance of r alpha 1PI. The PEG-4 r alpha 1PI conjugate is metabolized in a manner similar to alpha 1PI and has similar kinetic properties before and after oxidation with N-chlorosuccinimide. Moreover, proteinase complexes of PEG-4-r alpha 1PI are catabolized by the same hepatocyte receptor that binds alpha 1PI-proteinase complexes. The results of these studies lay the groundwork for the synthesis of pharmacologically effective r alpha 1PI derivatives with acceptable plasma retention times.
Prolonged Administration ofl-Arginine Ameliorates Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Rats (1997)

Results demonstrate a persistent endothelial dysfunction in the epicardial but not resistance CAs in patients after KD and enhanced stiffness of persistent or regressed aneurysms. The concern over early arteriosclerosis warrants the surveillance of KD patients from childhood to adulthood.
Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2011)

Considering that vitamin D deficiency is very common in all age groups and that few foods contain vitamin D, the Task Force recommended supplementation at suggested daily intake and tolerable upper limit levels, depending on age and clinical circumstances. The Task Force also suggested the measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level by a reliable assay as the initial diagnostic test in patients at risk for deficiency. Treatment with either vitamin D(2) or vitamin D(3) was recommended for deficient patients. At the present time, there is not sufficient evidence to recommend screening individuals who are not at risk for deficiency or to prescribe vitamin D to attain the noncalcemic benefit for cardiovascular protection.
Night-To-Night Variability in CPAP Use Over the First Three Months of Treatment (1997)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between night-to-night variability and nightly duration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy over the first 9 weeks of treatment and to determine when patients begin to establish a nonadherent pattern of use. Data were analyzed from a study of daily CPAP use covertly monitored in 32 diagnosed patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using a microprocessor monitor encased in a CPAP machine. Patterns of CPAP use were bimodal, based on the frequency of nightly use. Approximately half the subjects were consistent users of CPAP, applying it > 90% of the nights for an average of 6.22 +/- 1.21 hours per night, while the other half comprised intermittent users who had a wide range of daily use averaging 3.45 +/- 1.94 hours per night on the nights CPAP was used. The percent of days skipped was significantly correlated with decreased nightly duration (rho = -0.73, p < 0.0001). Analysis of the night-to-night pattern of use revealed that the two groups differed significantly in the nightly duration of CPAP use by the fourth day of treatment (p = 0.001). Exploration of factors that potentially differentiate the two groups revealed no reliable predictors. However, intermittent users continued to report significantly greater OSA symptoms (snoring, snorting, and apnea) posttreatment, suggesting that they continued to experience sleep disordered breathing.
Imine exchange inO-aryl andO-alkyl oximes as a base reaction for aqueous ‘dynamic’ combinatorial libraries. A kinetic and thermodynamic study (1999)

Kinetics and mechanisms of the imine exchange reactions of O-alkyl and O-aryl oximes with O-alkyl- and O-aryloxyamines, respectively, were studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solutions. The reaction between benzaldehyde O-methyloxime and O-ethylhydroxylamine at 60 °C is first order in both oxime and the alkoxylamine (the second-order rate constant k2 = 0.86 ± 0.08 l mol−1 min−1 at pD 2.9), the reaction being subject to acidic catalysis. A similar imine transfer was studied in the reaction of 1,3-diaminooxypropane with bifunctional oximes. Testing of various additives as potential catalysts for the reaction revealed imidazole as a moderately effective catalyst. The exchange in O-aryl oximes was studied in the interaction between 3-pyridinealdehyde O-phenyloxime and O-(p-nitrophenyl)hydroxylamine. The reaction is first order in the oxime, but its rate is independent on the aryloxyamine concentration and pD. The proposed mechanism involves a rate-limiting hydration of the oxime molecule. Mechanisms of the exchange reactions are discussed in relation to their possible use to generate diverse pools of compounds for the recently proposed ‘dynamic’ combinatorial chemistry approach. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive Screening of Cell Surface Markers Expressed by Adult‐Derived Human Liver Stem/Progenitor Cells Harvested at Passage 5: Potential Implications for Engraftment (2016)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to have potential therapeutic benefits for a number of diseases. However, many studies report low engraftment levels, regardless of the target organ. One possible explanation could be that MSCs do not express the necessary receptors for engraftment. Indeed, MSCs appear to use a similar mechanism to leukocytes to engraft into injured organs, relying on various receptors for rolling, firm adhesion, and transmigration. In this study, we conducted an extensive surface molecule screening of adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSC) in an attempt to shed some light on this subject. We observed that ADHLSCs lack expression of most of the costimulatory molecules tested. Furthermore, study of the adhesion molecule profile of ADHLSCs revealed that they do not express selectin ligands or LFA-1 which are, respectively, involved in the rolling process and the firm adhesion. In addition, ADHLSCs slightly express VLA-4 and lose expression of CXCR4 altogether on their surface during culture expansion. However, ADHLSCs express all the integrin couples and matrix metalloproteinases needed to bind and integrate the extracellular matrix once the endothelial barrier is crossed. Collectively, these results suggest that binding to the endothelium may be the critical weak point in the engraftment process.
Improvement of Nitric Oxide–Dependent Vasodilatation by HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Through Attenuation of Endothelial Superoxide Anion Formation (2000)

Three 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (HCRIs), atorvastatin, pravastatin, and cerivastatin, inhibited phorbol ester-stimulated superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) formation in endothelium-intact segments of the rat aorta in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (maximum inhibition of 70% after 18 hours at 1 to 10 micromol/L). The HMG-CoA reductase product mevalonic acid (400 micromol/L) reversed the inhibitory effect of the HCRIs, which, conversely, was mimicked by inactivation of p21 Rac with Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin but not by inactivation of p21 Rho with Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme (C3). A mevalonate-sensitive inhibition of phorbol ester-stimulated O(2)(-) formation by atorvastatin was also observed in porcine cultured endothelial cells and in a murine macrophage cell line. In the rat aorta, no effect of the HCRIs on protein kinase C, NADPH oxidase, or superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expression was detected, whereas that of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase was enhanced approximately 2-fold. Moreover, exposure of the segments to atorvastatin resulted in a significant improvement of endothelium-dependent NO-mediated relaxation, and this effect was abolished in the presence of SOD. Taken together, these findings suggest that in addition to augmenting endothelial NO synthesis, HCRIs inhibit endothelial O(2)(-) formation by preventing the isoprenylation of p21 Rac, which is critical for the assembly of NADPH oxidase after activation of protein kinase C. The resulting shift in the balance between NO and O(2)(-) in the endothelium improves endothelial function even in healthy blood vessels and therefore may provide a reasonable explanation for the beneficial effects of HCRIs in patients with coronary heart disease in addition to or as an alternative to the reduction in serum LDL cholesterol.
Increased central nervous system production of extracellular matrix components and development of hydrocephalus in transgenic mice overexpressing transforming growth factor-beta 1. (1995)

A number of important neurological diseases, including HIV-1 encephalitis, Alzheimer's disease, and brain trauma, are associated with increased cerebral expression of the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). To determine whether overexpression of TGF-beta 1 within the central nervous system (CNS) can contribute to the development of neuropathological alterations, a bioactive form of TGF-beta 1 was expressed in astrocytes of transgenic mice. Transgenic mice with high levels of cerebral TGF-beta 1 expression developed a severe communicating hydrocephalus, seizures, motor incoordination, and early runting. While unmanipulated heterozygous transgenic mice from a low expressor line showed no such alterations, increasing TGF-beta 1 expression in this line by injury-induced astroglial activation or generation of homozygous offspring did result in the abnormal phenotype. Notably, astroglial overexpression of TGF-beta 1 consistently induced a strong upmodulation of the extracellular matrix proteins laminin and fibronectin in the CNS, particularly in the vicinity of TGF-beta 1-expressing perivascular astrocytes, but was not associated with obvious CNS infiltration by hematogenous cells. While low levels of extracellular matrix protein expression may assist in CNS wound repair and regeneration, excessive extracellular matrix deposition could result in the development of hydrocephalus. As an effective inducer of extracellular matrix components, TGF-beta 1 may also contribute to the development of other neuropathological alterations, eg, the formation of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease.
Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor α (1989)

This review describes the discovery and initial characterization of the epidermal growth factors (EGFs) and transforming growth factors alpha (TGF alpha), the biosynthesis and tissue distribution of these molecules and a brief description of the effects of these molecules in culture and animals. An analysis of the similarities between the EGFs and TGF alpha s from different organisms is used to describe the features of the molecules which appear to be critical for their function. The review concludes with a discussion of the relationship between the production of the EGF or TGF alpha to cancer induction and/or metastasis.
Completion and refinement of crystal structures withSIR92 (1993)

An automatic procedure for recovering a complete crystal structure after a direct phasing process is described. The procedure consists mainly of a Fourier recycling method that can be implemented in any direct-methods package. The residual R value attained at the end of the process provides an estimate of the degree of success of the structure determination. The procedure can also be applied using a small molecular fragment as prior information. The procedure has been implemented into SIR92, the successor to SIR88.
Soft drugs. 1. Labile quaternary ammonium salts as soft antimicrobials (1980)

Strategies for the design of safer drugs are discussed. The various classes of "soft drugs" are designed to avoid undesired metabolic disposition (primarily various oxidative routes, occurring via possible toxic intermediates) and to be metabolized by a predictable manner with controlled rates. As a first example for the "soft analogue" type drugs, a new class of antimicrobial, surface-active quaternary salts of the type RCOOCHR1--N+ comes from X- was developed. These "soft" quaternary salts are isosteric analogues of known "hard" quaternary surfactants and are characterized by predictable and controllable cleavage (metabolism) to nontoxic components, while showing good activity against a wide range of bacteria. Due to their soft nature (low toxicity), the new antimicrobials are much safer than the conventional, hard analogues.
Iron indices in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). (2012)

Bottlenose dolphins can have iron overload (that is, hemochromatosis), and managed populations of dolphins may be more susceptible to this disease than are wild dolphins. Serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation, and ferritin were measured in 181 samples from 141 dolphins in 2 managed collections and 2 free-ranging populations. Although no iron indices increased with age among free-ranging dolphins, ferritin increased with age in managed collections. Dolphins from managed collections had higher iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation values than did free-ranging dolphins. Dolphins with high serum iron (exceeding 300 μg/dL) were more likely to have elevated ferritin but not ceruloplasmin or haptoglobin, demonstrating that high serum levels of iron are due to a true increase in total body iron. A time-series study of 4 dolphins with hemochromatosis that were treated with phlebotomy demonstrated significant decreases in serum ferritin, iron, and TIBC between pre- and posttreatment samples; transferrin saturation initially fell but returned to prephlebotomy levels by 6 mo after treatment. Compared with those in managed collections, wild dolphins were 15 times more likely to have low serum iron (100 μg/dL or less), and this measure was associated with lower haptoglobin. In conclusion, bottlenose dolphins in managed collections are more likely to have greater iron stores than are free-ranging dolphins. Determining why this situation occurs among some dolphin populations and not others may improve the treatment of hemochromatosis in dolphins and provide clues to causes of nonhereditary hemochromatosis in humans.
Phase diagrams of small particles of binary systems: a theoretical approach (2000)

The phase diagrams of small particles (with diameters in the nm range) are studied theoretically. In the limit where thermodynamical arguments remain valid, it is deduced that the phase diagram of small particles is a function of their size. For the case of ideal solutions, it is shown that the lens-shaped solidus-liquidus curves are shifted to lower temperatures when the dimensions of the particle decrease. Additionally, at fixed temperatures between the highest bulk melting point and the lowest melting point of the particle, the relative concentrations of the solid and liquid phases are different in the particle and bulk material.
Toll receptors and pathogen resistance (2003)

Toll receptors in insects, mammals and plants are key players that sense the invasion of pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in mammals have been established to detect specific components of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that TLRs are involved in the recognition of viral invasion. Signalling pathways via TLRs originate from the conserved Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain. The TIR domain-containing MyD88 acts as a common adaptor that induces inflammatory cytokines; however, there exists a MyD88-independent pathway that induces type I IFNs in TLR4 and TLR3 signalling. Another TIR domain-containing adaptor, TIRAP/Mal has recently been shown to mediate the MyD88-dependent activation in the TLR4 and TLR2 signalling pathway. Thus, individual TLRs may have their own signalling systems that characterize their specific activities.
Coherent optical OFDM: theory and design (2008)

Coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) has recently been proposed and the proof-of-concept transmission experiments have shown its extreme robustness against chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion. In this paper, we first review the theoretical fundamentals for CO-OFDM and its channel model in a 2x2 MIMO-OFDM representation. We then present various design choices for CO-OFDM systems and perform the nonlinearity analysis for RF-to-optical up-converter. We also show the receiver-based digital signal processing to mitigate self-phase-modulation (SPM) and Gordon-Mollenauer phase noise, which is equivalent to the midspan phase conjugation.
Epothilones and Their Analogs – Potential New Weapons in the Fight Against Cancer (2000)

Epothilones are a new class of microtubule depolymerization inhibitors, which inhibit the growth of a broad range of human cancer cell lines in vitro with low nM or sub-nM IC50s. Unlike many other cytotoxic anticancer agents epothilones are also active in vitro against multidrug-resistant cell lines and epothilone B exhibits potent in vivo antitumor activity in multidrug-resistant tumor models. We have prepared various types of synthetic and semi-synthetic analogs of epothilones and we have studied the effect of the corresponding structural modifications on in vitro tubulin polymerization and antiproliferative activity. Epoxide ring opening, replacement of the epoxide moiety by amide groups or a 1,2-disubstituted imidazole ring, or the incorporation of phenylene moieties in the C(9)-C(12) region all lead to a substantial loss in in vitro activity. In contrast, expansion of the 3-membered oxirane ring to a 5-membered 1,3-dioxolane system, either cis- or trans-fused to the 16-membered macrocycle, is reasonably well tolerated. Substitution of a 2-methyl benzothiazole moiety for the natural (2-(2-methyl-thiazol-4-yl)-1-methyl-)ethenyl side-chain results in analogs with more potent antiproliferative activity than natural epothilones.