gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid membrane electrode for guanosine nucleotides using a cytosine-pendant triamine host as the sensory element (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid membrane electrode for guanosine nucleotides using a cytosine-pendant triamine host as the sensory elementKoji. Tohda, Masahiro. Tange, Kazunori. Odashima, Yoshio. Umezawa, Hiroyuki. Furuta, and Jonathan L. SesslerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 8, 960–964Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00032a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00032a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SECONDARY GAS INJECTION IN A CONICAL ROCKET NOZZLE. 1. EFFECT OF ORIFICE DIAMETER AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT IN INJECTANT (1962)

Data are presented on interference forces resulting when a gas at ambient temperature is laterally injected through a single circular orifice in the conical portion of a rocket nozzle into hot supersonic propellent gases. Variables examined are injectant orifice size and associated pressure ratio change and effect of injectant molecular weight and specific heat ratio. Other parameters remain essentially constant during these tests. Simple theoretical arguments can predict relative effects of intrinsic injectant properties, but pressure ratio effects are not adequately described. Effectiveness of secondary injection depends on injectant orifice size, which was not treated in any theoretical modes.
Investigations on the Specificity of the Limulus Test for the Detection of Endotoxin (1974)

Lysates obtained from amoebocytes of Limulus polyphemus, the horseshoe crab, showed gel formation after the addition of bacterial endotoxin. In contrast to living gram-negative bacteria, viable gram-positive microorganisms did not cause gelation of lysate. Nevertheless, peptidoglycan isolated from the cell walls of various gram-positive organisms did induce the reaction. However, the activity of peptidoglycan was 1,000 to 400,000 times less than that of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. After exposure to lysozyme, peptidoglycan no longer gelled amoebocyte lysate, therefore apparently excluding endotoxin contamination. Gelation of amoebocyte lysate by endotoxin or peptidoglycan was inhibited by different concentrations of sodium polystyrolsulfonate. Whereas these studies confirm the specificity of the Limulus test for bacterial endotoxins, they also indicate that other substances of bacterial origin should be investigated for their ability to gel amoebocyte lysate.
From Context to Content: Leveraging Context for Mobile Media Metadata (2004)

The recent popularity of mobile camera phones allows for new opportunities to gather important metadata at the point of capture. This paper describes and demonstrates a method for generating metadata for images using spatial, temporal, and social context.
Inhibition of Spontaneous Receptor Phosphorylation by Residues in a Putative α-Helix in the KIT Intracellular Juxtamembrane Region (1999)

KIT receptor kinase activity is repressed, prior to stem cell factor binding, by unknown structural constraints. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we examined the role of KIT intracellular juxtamembrane residues Met-552 through Ile-563 in controlling receptor autophosphorylation. Alanine substitution for Tyr-553, Trp-557, Val-559, or Val-560, all sitting along the hydrophobic side of an amphipathic alpha-helix (Tyr-553-Ile-563) predicted by the Chou-Fasman algorithm, resulted in substantially increased spontaneous receptor phosphorylation, revealing inhibitory roles for these residues. Alanine substitution for other residues, most of which are on the hydrophilic side of the helix, caused no or slightly increased basal receptor phosphorylation. Converting Tyr-553 or Trp-557 to phenylalanine generated slight or no elevation, respectively, in basal KIT phosphorylation, indicating that the phenyl ring of Tyr-553 and the hydrophobicity of Trp-557 are critical for the inhibition. Although alanine substitution for Lys-558 had no effect on receptor phosphorylation, its substitution with proline produced high spontaneous receptor phosphorylation, suggesting that the predicted alpha-helical conformation is involved in the inhibition. A synthetic peptide comprising Tyr-553 through Ile-563 showed circular dichroism spectra characteristic of alpha-helix, supporting the structural prediction. Thus, the KIT intracellular juxtamembrane region contains important residues which, in a putative alpha-helical conformation, exert inhibitory control on the kinase activity of ligand-unoccupied receptor.
Developing Physics learning activities for fostering student creativity in Hong Kong context (2004)

Though recent curriculum reform of Hong Kong, Mainland China, and Taiwan all include creativity as one of their major learning objectives, however, creativity-enhancing teaching methods are seldom implemented in real classroom practice. This study presents a systematic method for designing Physics learning activities for fostering student creativity in traditional educational context, like Hong Kong. It suggests a comprehensive set of learning objectives, strategies for generating new activity designs, and rationales for selecting activities, and more than 20 different kinds of learning activities that are simple and easy to be infused into normal Physics lessons. To understand teachers’ and students’ opinions on these activities, they were tried-out in two secondary classes, and were introduced to 120 senior Physics teachers of Hong Kong. On the whole, teachers and students gave positive feedback and support the usefulness and suitability of this set of instructional designs. Results also revealed some obstacles in fostering creativity of Hong Kong students and some shortcomings of these activity designs.&lt;/br&gt;[Copyright © 2004 HKIEd APFSLT.]
Recent Developments in Channel Estimation and Detection for MIMO Systems (2010)

and semi-blind estimation approaches. The pros and cons of OP with respect to PSAM are discussed too. Whatever the channel estimation technique, in practice, the receiver can only obtain an imperfect estimate of the channel. Classically, for signal detection, the estimated channel is considered as the perfect estimate. This sub-optimal approach is usually called the mismatched receiver. Its sub-optimality is due to the fact that the receiver does not take into account the presence of channel estimation errors A more appropriate approach is to take into account channel estimation inaccuracies in the formulation of the detector. We firstly consider in Section 4 the effect of estimation errors on the receiver performance and the impact of the employed space-time coding scheme. Next, in Section 5, we consider maximum-likelihood (ML) signal detection and show how to integrate the imperfect channel knowledge into the design of the detector. More precisely, we consider two iterative detectors based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) and soft parallel interference cancellation (soft-PIC), and propose for each case modifications to the MIMO detectors for taking into account the channel estimation errors. The implementation complexity issues are also discussed. We present some numerical results to demonstrate the performance improvement obtained via the use of the improved detectors. Finally, Section 8 concludes the chapter.
Mutations of cell cycle regulators. Biological and clinical implications for human neoplasia. (1995)

Neoplastic diseases are characterized by uncoordinated cell growth. Cellular proliferation follows an orderly progression through the cell cycle, which is governed by protein complexes composed of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. These complexes exert their regulatory function by phosphorylation of key proteins involved in cell cycle transitions, such as the product encoded by the retinoblastoma gene (pRB). Mutations and overexpression of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, mainly cyclin D1 and Cdk4, have been reported and proposed to be oncogenic events. More recently, a new family of negative regulators functioning as Cdk-inhibitory molecules has been identified. Because of their recessive nature in cell cycle control and the fact that some of them are mutated in human tumors, it has been suggested that they may also function as tumor suppressor genes. It appears that the molecular networking of these proteins and complexes impact on two fundamental cell cycle regulators: p53 and pRB. Cross-talk pathways between these two nuclear proteins are being delineated, implying potential links between p53 and pRB in cell cycle control, apoptosis, and tumor progression. In addition, the high rate and mutation pattern of TP53 and RB in primary tumors have rendered them prototype tumor suppressor genes. Furthermore, detection of TP53 and RB mutations and altered expression of their encoded products appear to be of clinical significance, often correlating with prognosis, when identified in specific cancers. Based on these findings, new strategies are being developed in the emerging field of gene replacement-therapy.
Generalized Brewster effect in dielectric metasurfaces (2016)

Polarization is a key property defining the state of light. It was discovered by Brewster, while studying light reflected from materials at different angles. This led to the first polarizers, based on Brewster's effect. Now, one of the trends in photonics is the study of miniaturized devices exhibiting similar, or improved, functionalities compared with bulk optical elements. In this work, it is theoretically predicted that a properly designed all-dielectric metasurface exhibits a generalized Brewster's effect potentially for any angle, wavelength and polarization of choice. The effect is experimentally demonstrated for an array of silicon nanodisks at visible wavelengths. The underlying physics is related to the suppressed scattering at certain angles due to the interference between the electric and magnetic dipole resonances excited in the nanoparticles. These findings open doors for Brewster phenomenon to new applications in photonics, which are not bonded to a specific polarization or angle of incidence.
A joint-channel diagonalization for multiuser MIMO antenna systems (2003)

In this paper, we address the problem of improving the performance of multiuser space-division multiplexing (SDM) systems where multiple independent signal streams can be transmitted in the same frequency and time slot. The problem is important in multiuser multiple-input multiple-output systems where communication from one base station to many mobile stations can occur simultaneously. Our objective is to devise a multiuser linear space-time precoder for simultaneous channel diagonalization of the multiuser channels enabling SDM. Our new approach is based on diagonalizing the multiuser channel matrices and we use a variation of successive Jacobi rotations. In addition to the diagonalization, our approach attempts to optimize the resultant channel gains for performance enhancement. Our method is valid for both frequency-flat and frequency-selective fading channels but we assume that the base station knows all the channels and that they are quasi-stationary.
The effect of the Si/N treatment of a nitridated sapphire surface on the growth mode of GaN in low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (1998)

In this letter, we studied the effect of the high-temperature Si/N treatment of the nitridated sapphire surface followed by the deposition of a low-temperature GaN nucleation layer on the growth mode of GaN in low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. It was shown that the nucleation layer, initially flat and continuous, converts to wide isolated truncated hexagonal islands having {1–101} facet planes and a top (0001) plane, after heating up to 1150 °C. The coalescence of these GaN islands yields a reduction of the total number of extended defects from the 1010–1011 cm−2 range usually obtained down to the low 109 cm−2 range for the best samples.
A family of retroviruses that utilize related phosphate transporters for cell entry (1994)

The amphotropic murine retrovirus receptor Ram-1 shows significant sequence similarity to the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) receptor Glvr-1, and both of these cell surface virus receptors normally function as sodium-dependent phosphate symporters. However, Ram-1 from humans or rats does not serve as a receptor for GALV, and Glvr-1 from humans does not serve as a receptor for amphotropic virus. Here we show that the murine retrovirus 10A1 can enter cells by using either Glvr-1 or Ram-1. Furthermore, we have constructed Ram-1/Glvr-1 hybrid receptors that allow entry of both GALV and amphotropic virus. While GALV and amphotropic virus are in separate interference groups when assayed on human cells, they do interfere with each other in cells expressing the hybrid receptor. These results indicate a close functional relationship between retroviruses that utilize members of this newly defined receptor family and provide a molecular explanation for nonreciprocal and cell type-specific interference observed for some retrovirus classes.
Repair of Partial-Thickness Defects in Articular Cartilage (1996)

Partial-thickness defects evolving in mature articular cartilage do not heal spontaneously. This type of defect was created in the articular cartilage of adult rabbits and Yucatan minipigs, and the effects of chondroitinase ABC or trypsin, fibrin clots, and mitogenic growth factors on the healing process were examined histologically at intervals ranging from one to forty-eight weeks. The effect of chondroitinase ABC or trypsin was examined initially. Articular cartilage contains macromolecules, including proteoglycans, which render the surfaces of this tissue, and of partial-thickness defects within it, antiadhesive. Chondroitinase ABC digests the glycosaminoglycan chains of cartilage proteoglycans, and trypsin degrades their core proteins. To test the hypothesis that mesenchymal cells may be prevented from adhering to and migrating over the surfaces of partial-thickness defects by proteoglycans, we removed a superficial layer of these macromolecules from the surface of the defect with use of one of these enzymes. The treatment evoked an increase in the coverage of the defect surface with mesenchymal cells; when combined with the local application of a mitogenic growth factor (basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta 1, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, or growth hormone), the coverage was more extensive but mesenchymal cells did not extend into and completely fill the volume of the defect. When the surface of the defect was treated with chondroitinase ABC and the cavity of the defect was filled with a fibrin clot to furnish a matrix or scaffolding for the migration of cells therein, there was migration and proliferation of cells throughout the volume of the defect but at a low population density. Mesenchymal cells remodeled the deposited fibrin matrix, which was replaced by a loose fibrous connective tissue. When defects that had been treated with chondroitinase ABC were filled with a fibrin clot containing a mitogenic growth factor, mesenchymal cells filled the entire cavity of the defect, and the density of the cells was greatly increased, particularly when transforming growth factor-beta 1 was used. Histological studies revealed a continuous layer of mesenchymal cells extending from the synovial membrane across the superficial tangential zone of normal articular cartilage into the defect, indicating that the cells that were recruited for the repair process were of synovial origin. At forty-eight weeks, the entire cavity of the defect remained filled with a fibrous connective tissue.
A LINC demonstrator based on switchable phase shifters (2002)

Abstract This paper presents a 2 GHz LINC transmitter demonstrator that generates a 16‐QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) signal using switchable phase shifters fabricated on a low cost substrate (FR4, 1.6 mm, ε r = 4.6). The number of switch elements required has been reduced from 16 per branch to 6 per branch by a careful analysis of the complete set of combinations required. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 262–264, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10577
ArabidopsiseIF2α kinase GCN2 is essential for growth in stress conditions and is activated by wounding (2008)

Our results suggest that a general amino acid control response is conserved between yeast and plants but that the plant enzyme evolved to fulfill a more general function as an upstream sensor and regulator of diverse stress-response pathways. The activation of AtGCN2 following wounding or exposure to methyl jasmonate, the ethylene precursor 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and salicylic acid, further suggests that this enzyme could play a role in plant defense against insect herbivores.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Fabrication of Transparent Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) Ceramics Without Additives. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Priming of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in vivo by carrier-free HIV synthetic peptides. (1991)

The generation of antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a critical component of the immune response to viral infections. A safe and nontoxic vaccine for AIDS would optimally use a carrier-free synthetic peptide immunogen containing only components of HIV necessary for induction of protective immune responses. We report that hybrid synthetic peptides containing either a HIV envelope gp120 T-cell determinant (T1) or the envelope gp41 fusion domain (F) N-terminal to HIV CTL determinants are capable of priming murine CD8+, major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted anti-HIV CTLs in vivo. These data demonstrate that carrier-free, nonderivatized synthetic peptides can be used in vivo to induce anti-HIV CTL responses.
Alternate splicing of rabbit polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. (1986)

Rabbits have a minimum of two polymeric immunoglobulin receptor primary translation products. A cDNA clone of the smaller product lacked two of the five receptor domains. These two domains were on a single exon. As there was one receptor gene, we suggest that this exon can be spliced in or out.
Catalytic C-C Bond Formation in Natural Products Synthesis: Highlights From The Years 2000 – 2005 (2006)

The development of new catalytic reactions for C-C bond formation has played a significant role in natural products synthesis. In this article we review catalytic C-C bond formation with respect to the carbon atoms hybridization and the products formed. The reactions of unusual substrates and the development of new reaction conditions and catalyst systems are included. This survey highlights the use of catalysts in natural products synthesis during the years 2000-2005. Keywords: carbon-hydrogen bond insertions, hybridization, Alkylation, Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling, Negishi Coupling, Heck Reaction
Tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid as an aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. (1995)

Neurofibrillary tangles and dystrophic neurites are characteristic pathological features found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. A major constituent of these lesions is the cytoskeletal protein tau. This study examined whether the measurement of tau in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) has value in the diagnosis of AD. Seventy-seven subjects were enrolled in this prospective study: These included AD (N = 24), Neurological Controls (dementing diseases/syndromes, N = 26), Normal Controls (N = 14), and Others (N = 13). CSF was obtained by lumbar puncture, and tau concentrations (pg/mL) were determined using a dual monoclonal antibody microplate immunoassay. The mean tau value for AD subjects (1,430 +/- 739) was significantly different from Neurological Control subjects (790 +/- 579) (p < 0.001) and Normal Control subjects (816 +/- 355) (p < 0.001). Tau values were elevated in two Neurological Control subjects, one with Binswanger's disease (age 75) and one with depression (age 90). Tau values were also elevated in three Normal Control subjects; two were subjects with a family history of AD. Tau concentrations did not correlate significantly with age in AD subjects (r = 0.05, p = 0.82) or in Normal Control subjects (r = -0.49, p = 0.08). Tau also did not correlate with severity of cognitive impairment in AD subjects (r = -0.03, p = 0.91) or duration of AD symptoms (r = 0.16, p = 0.52). Based on these results and others, CSF levels of tau protein may provide a useful biochemical marker to aid in the clinical diagnosis of AD.
Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults (2007)

priate starting point for consultation by specialists. Substantial overlap exists among the patients whom these guidelines address and those discussed in the recently published guidelines for health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP). Pneumonia in nonambulatory residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities epidemiologically mirrors hospital-acquired pneumonia and should be treated according to the HCAP guidelines. However, certain other patients whose conditions are included in the designation of HCAP are better served by management in accordance with CAP guidelines with concern for specific pathogens.
Precursors to 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA from a ribonuclease III−strain of Escherichia coli contain intact RNase III processing sites (1980)

Escherichia coli cells lacking the ribosomal RNA processing enzyme RNase III do no excise the normal RNA precursors p16a (17S) and p23a from nascent rRNA transcripts. These cells produce, instead, slightly larger p16b and p23b precursors. Digestion of p16b or p23b rRNA with RNases A plus T1 yields double-stranded fragments composed of sequences, located at both the 5' and the 3' end regions of the molecules. The terminal duplex, or stem, of p16b contains sequences surrounding the site of RNase III processing which is wild-type cells produces p16a rRNA: the p23b stem likewise contains an intact RNase III cleavage site. The results confirm our earlier prediction for the structure of rRNA transcripts, and also yield a definite secondary structure for the p16 stem, which was not uniquely determined by the corresponding DNA sequence. These experiments demonstrate the absence of significant RNase III processing activity in rnc-105 strains of E. coli, and implicate the participation of another endonuclease(s) in rRNA processing in mutant and wild-type cells.