gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scientists develop vaccine strategy for peanut allergy (1999)

Researchers believe that they may be close to developing a new strategy to combat anaphylactic allergies-such as the increasingly common allergy to peanuts-in which doctors induce tolerance using an oral formulation containing a gene from the offending allergen.

Many established allergies have been traditionally treated by immunotherapy, in which subcutaneous injections of progressively increasing doses of purified allergen are given; a strategy that is effective only in some circumstances. Dr Kam Leong, professor of biomedical engineering at …
An easily made, low‐cost, tissue‐like ultrasound phantom material (1995)

No Abstract.
Improving efficiency-friendliness tradeoffs of TCP in wired-wireless combined networks (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new version of TCP to improve (1) efficiency in wired-wireless combined networks with nonnegligible random packet losses, and also (2) friendliness to existing protocols, such as TCP-Reno. TCP-Westwood (TCPW) was proposed to improve efficiency in such networks; however, it is shown to be unfriendly to existing protocols under certain RTT and/or router buffer capacities. Since friendliness to existing protocols is one of the most important issues in a real network environment where different protocols coexist, we propose TCPW-BBE (TCPW with buffer and bandwidth estimation) to ensure the friendliness even under varying effective buffer capacities. Based on buffer capacity estimation mechanism, TCPW-BBE reacts more appropriately to a packet loss event, whether the loss is due to congestion or link errors. Simulation results show that TCPW-BBE maintains friendliness to TCP-Reno in networks for a broad range of buffer capacities, RTT, with/without RED routers, yet retaining the efficiency of the original TCPW.
Serum amyloid A protein levels as a possible aid in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children (2005)

Hematological and biochemical tests, including white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and other acute-phase reactants, have been used in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. However, there is controversy among physicians about the value of this practice in children. The objective of our study was to evaluate serum amyloid A protein (SAA) levels in children with confirmed acute appendicitis and to compare the sensitivity and specificity of this marker of inflammation with those for WBC and CRP. A prospective cohort study of 60 children admitted with abdominal pain to rule out appendicitis was used in the study. Of these, 42 underwent surgery, while 18 children who had spontaneous amelioration within 24 h of admission were not operated on and served as controls. WBC and serum SAA and CRP levels were obtained preoperatively. Serum concentrations of the analytes were determined with particle-enhanced immunonephelometric methods. Patients with acute appendicitis had WBC, SAA and CRP levels higher than those of the control group (p<0.001). There was no appendicitis patient with a normal SAA value, while 21.4% of the patients had CRP values within the normal range. The performance of each test was measured by receiver-operating characteristic curves. Area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.849 for WBC, 0.868 for CRP and 0.964 for SAA. The sensitivity and specificity of these methods were 76% and 75% for WBC>10.0 x 10(9) /L, 62% and 94% for CRP>10 mg/L and 86% and 83% for SAA >45.0 mg/L, respectively. Circulating SAA levels have better discriminatory value than WBC or CRP in the assessment of acute appendicitis in children. Thus, this test appears to be of higher value than the current standards of care in the diagnosis of this condition.
A BaSiC tool for background and shading correction of optical microscopy images (2017)

Quantitative analysis of bioimaging data is often skewed by both shading in space and background variation in time. We introduce BaSiC, an image correction method based on low-rank and sparse decomposition which solves both issues. In comparison to existing shading correction tools, BaSiC achieves high-accuracy with significantly fewer input images, works for diverse imaging conditions and is robust against artefacts. Moreover, it can correct temporal drift in time-lapse microscopy data and thus improve continuous single-cell quantification. BaSiC requires no manual parameter setting and is available as a Fiji/ImageJ plugin.
HEL-Flu: an influenza virus containing the hen egg lysozyme epitope recognized by CD4+ T cells from mice transgenic for an alphabeta TCR (1997)

Reverse genetics was used to modify the influenza virus genome by inserting the p46-63 sequence of hen egg lysozyme (HEL) into the neuraminidase stalk of the virus. The resulting virus, HEL-Flu, contained the epitopes recognized by CD4+ T cells from 3A9-TCR transgenic mice (C3HTg). Here, we show that HEL-Flu was infectious in the respiratory tract of both C3H and C3HTg mice, the latter animals showing an early, transient morbidity. Splenic dendritic cells and certain cloned populations of splenic macrophages and brain microglia constitutively presented infectious and inactivated HEL-Flu to the T cells in an Ag-specific and MHC class II-restricted manner. These results demonstrate the utility of HEL-Flu in assessing the APC activity for naive T cells; they also extend the previous studies showing that discrete populations of macrophages and microglia constitutively process and present Ag to naive T cells.
Computational Prediction Models for Early Detection of Risk of Cardiovascular Events Using Mass Spectrometry Data (2008)

Early prediction of the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with chest pain is critical in order to provide appropriate medical care for those with positive diagnosis. This paper introduces a computational methodology for predicting such events in the context of robust computerized classification using mass spectrometry data of blood samples collected from patients in emergency departments. We applied the computational theories of statistical and geostatistical linear prediction models to extract effective features of the mass spectra and a simple decision logic to classify disease and control samples for the purpose of early detection. While the statistical and geostatistical techniques provide better results than those obtained from some other methods, the geostatistical approach yields superior results in terms of sensitivity and specificity in various designs of the data set for validation, training, and testing. The proposed computational strategies are very promising for predicting major adverse cardiac events within six months.
Real-time scan assistant for echocardiography (2012)

A real-time scan assistant (SA) for use with echocardiography is presented. The motivation is to aid nonexpert users in capturing apical 4-chamber views (A4CH) during echocardiography. The algorithm is based on a parametric multi-chamber model of the A4CH view, updated in an extended Kalman filter framework. The regional model goodness-of-fit is used to calculate a score, which is provided to the user during acquisition, together with an icon (emoticon) indicating whether the current view is acceptable or not. The SA was implemented on a commercially available scanner. A feasibility test was performed using two healthy volunteers as models and 10 medical students acting as nonexpert users. The students examined the models on two occasions, separated more than four days in time. Half of the students used the SA during the first exam and no SA at the second exam. The other half used the opposite order. The recordings were later rated by a cardiologist. A Wilcoxon signed pair rank test revealed a statistically significant improvement when using SA. Nine cases were rated as poor without using the SA. In eight (89%) of these cases, view quality improved to acceptable when the SA was used.
Morphology after Transluminal Angioplasty in Human Beings (1981)

PERCUTANEOUS transluminal angioplasty is frequently used in selected patients to decrease stenoses in atherosclerotic peripheral arteries,1 , 2 renal arteries,3 4 5 6 and coronary arteries.7 8 9 There has been much controversy over the mechanism of successful transluminal angioplasty. It was initially postulated that enlargement of the vascular lumen was due to compression of atheromatous plaque.2 However, experiments in animals and autopsy studies in human beings10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 have shown that transluminal angioplasty produces endothelial desquamation and splitting of the atheromatous plaque. Attempts to extrapolate these findings to the mechanism of clinically successful angioplasty have been subjected to the criticism that post-mortem tissue and animal models of atherosclerosis . . .
Reconstitution of paired T cell receptor α- and β-chains from microdissected single cells of human inflammatory tissues (2006)

We describe a strategy to "revive" putatively pathogenic T cells from frozen specimens of human inflammatory target organs. To distinguish pathogenic from irrelevant bystander T cells, we focused on cells that were (i) clonally expanded and (ii) in direct morphological contact with a target cell. Using CDR3 spectratyping, we identified clonally expanded T cell receptor (TCR) beta-chains in muscle sections of patients with inflammatory muscle diseases. By immunohistochemistry, we identified those Vbeta-positive T cells that fulfilled the morphological criteria of myocytotoxicity and isolated them by laser microdissection. Next, we identified coexpressed pairs of TCR alpha- and beta-chains by a multiplex PCR protocol, which allows the concomitant amplification of both chains from single cells. This concomitant amplification had not been achieved previously in histological sections, mainly because of the paucity of available anti-alpha-chain antibodies and the great heterogeneity of the alpha-chain genes. From muscle tissue of a patient with polymyositis, we isolated 64 T cells that expressed an expanded Vbeta1 chain. In 23 of these cells, we identified the corresponding alpha-chain. Twenty of these 23 alpha-chains were identical, suggesting antigen-driven selection. After functional reconstitution of the alphabeta-pairs, their antigen-recognition properties could be studied. Our results open avenues for combined analysis of the full TCR alpha- and beta-chain repertoire in human inflammatory tissues.
A Human Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting EphA2 Inhibits Tumor GrowthIn vivo (2008)

The EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase is selectively expressed on the surface of many different human tumors. We have previously shown that tumor cells can be targeted by EphA2 monoclonal antibodies and that these antibodies function, in part, by inducing EphA2 internalization and degradation. In this report, we describe the isolation and characterization of a fully human monoclonal antibody (1C1) that selectively binds both the human and rodent EphA2 receptor. After cell binding, the antibody induces rapid tyrosine phosphorylation, internalization, and degradation of the EphA2 receptor. Because monoclonal antibodies that selectively bind tumor cells and internalize provide a vehicle for targeted delivery of cytotoxics, 1C1 was conjugated to the microtubule inhibitor monomethylauristatin phenylalanine using a stable maleimidocaproyl linker. The anti-EphA2 antibody-drug conjugate [1C1-maleimidocaproyl-MMAF (mcMMAF)] stimulated the activation of caspase-3/caspase-7 and the death of EphA2-expressing cells with IC(50) values as low as 3 ng/mL. Similarly, the conjugate induced degradation of the EphA2 receptor and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Administration of 1C1-mcMMAF at doses as low as 1 mg/kg once weekly resulted in significant growth inhibition of EphA2-expressing tumors without any observable adverse effects in mouse xenograft and rat syngeneic tumor models. Our data support the use of an antibody-drug conjugate approach to selectively target and inhibit the growth of EphA2-expressing tumors.
New Radiotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy Approaches for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2013)

Recent advances in systemic cytotoxic and molecularly targeted therapies coupled with technologic strides in radiotherapy have the potential to improve outcomes for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Investigations are ongoing to identify optimal cytotoxin-based chemoradiotherapy platforms. The influence of specific histologic and molecular mutation status on the combination of targeted therapies and radiotherapy is also being actively studied. Although there are no convincing randomized phase III data to date supporting a survival advantage for combining molecularly targeted agents with radiation or chemoradiotherapy in the setting of locally advanced NSCLC, phase II and III studies targeted to elderly patients and those with poor performance status are elucidating preferred chemoradiotherapy strategies. Radiotherapy dose escalation did not improve chemoradiotherapy outcomes, although increasing radiation dose-intensity with modern techniques is being actively studied. As modern radiotherapy techniques have been shown to improve outcomes of some patients with limited metastatic disease, investigations are ongoing regarding how to optimally integrate them with standard chemotherapy platforms.
Photochemically Cross-Linked Collagen Gels as Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (2007)

Collagen gels have many favorable attributes for tissue engineering, but the gels undergo dramatic contraction when cells are added because of the weak noncovalent bonds that form during spontaneous gelation. We hypothesized that photochemically cross-linking collagen gels would make suitable scaffolds for tissue engineering with favorable cell viability and minimal gel contraction. Rose Bengal and riboflavin were chosen as candidate photo-initiators for gel cross-linking using 532- and 458-nm-light wavelengths, respectively. Chondrocyte viability was measured after initial gelation for several concentrations of initiators. Cell viability and gel contraction were then measured using chondrocytes and fibroblasts over 7 days of culture. Rose Bengal used at concentrations necessary for gelation resulted in little or no cell viability. Short-term viability results showed that 0.25- or 0.5-mM concentrations of riboflavin, and 40 s of illumination permitted more than 90% cell viability. Using riboflavin concentrations of 0.25 or 0.5 mM, long-term chondrocyte viability was 113.1 +/- 11.6% and 25.4 +/- 2.7%, respectively, at day 7. Although non-cross-linked chondrocyte constructs contracted to 59.9 +/- 11.8% of their original diameter and fibroblasts contracted to 24.9 +/- 5.0% of their original diameter by day 7, the cross-linked constructs retained 88.8 +/- 7.4% and 85.5 +/- 5.0% of the original diameter, respectively. In conclusion, by photochemically cross-linking collagen gels using riboflavin and visible light, stable gel scaffolds with favorable cell survival can be produced.
Synthesis of 11C, 18F, 15O, and 13N Radiolabels for Positron Emission Tomography (2008)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful and rapidly developing area of molecular imaging that is used to study and visualize human physiology by the detection of positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Information about metabolism, receptor/enzyme function, and biochemical mechanisms in living tissue can be obtained directly from PET experiments. Unlike magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT), which mainly provide detailed anatomical images, PET can measure chemical changes that occur before macroscopic anatomical signs of a disease are observed. PET is emerging as a revolutionary method for measuring body function and tailoring disease treatment in living subjects. The development of synthetic strategies for the synthesis of new positron-emitting molecules is, however, not trivial. This Review highlights key aspects of the synthesis of PET radiotracers with the short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (11)C, (18)F, (15)O, and (13)N, with emphasis on the most recent strategies.
MicroRNA-187 inhibits tumor growth and invasion by directly targeting CD276 in colorectal cancer (2016)

Aberrantly expressed microRNAs contribute to the initiation and progression of human cancers. However, the underlying functions of microRNA-187 (miR-187) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrated that miR-187 was significantly down-regulated in CRC tissues and cell lines compared to their normal counterparts. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, we revealed that decreased miR-187 expression was closely associated with shorter overall survival and relapse-free survival of patients with CRC. By gain- and loss-of-function studies, we showed that miR-187 remarkably suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay identified that CD276 was the direct functional target of miR-187 in CRC. Genetic silencing of CD276 recapitulated similar phenotype as observed in over-expression of miR-187, and restoration of CD276 completely rescued the inhibitory effect of miR-187 in CRC cells. Taken together, our study implied the essential roles of miR-187 in suppressing CRC progression, and a novel link between miR-187 and CD276 in CRC.
Identification of two subunit A isoforms of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase in human osteoclastoma. (1993)

Subunit A is thought to be the main component of the catalytic site of the vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase. Screening of a cDNA library made from human osteoclastoma tumor tissue revealed the presence of two isoforms of subunit A. HO68 is a cDNA of 3.1 kilobase pairs, corresponding to a mRNA of approximately 3.4 kilobases in osteoclastoma only, encoding a protein of 615 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 68177 Da. A second subtype, VA68, corresponding to a mRNA of approximately 4.8 kilobases was present in all tissues analyzed, and codes for a predicted protein of 617 residues and theoretical molecular mass of 68264 Da. These clones share homology with previously published subunit A sequences, and this, together with the tissue distribution of the mRNA, suggests there are ubiquitous (VA68-type) and tissue-specific (HO68-type) isoforms. HO68 shows the closest sequence homology (95% at the amino acid level) to subunit A of a proton-secreting vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase located in the apical membrane of midgut goblet cells of tobacco hornworm larva (Manduca sexta). We propose that HO68 could correspond to an isoform of subunit A specific for a vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase located in the osteoclast plasma membrane.
Molecular cloning and physical mapping of the DNA of bovine adenovirus serotype 4; study of the DNA homology among bovine, human and porcine adenoviruses (1990)

The DNA of bovine adenovirus (BAV) serotype 4, a member of the subgroup 2 BAVs, has been cloned and mapped with 11 restriction enzymes. Southern blot hybridizations probed by a clone containing about 50% of the BAV-4 genome revealed a very strong and extended DNA sequence homology amongst the members of subgroup 2, but no homology was detectable to the subgroup 1 bovine, or any of those human (HAV) and porcine adenovirus serotypes examined. These findings were strengthened by reciprocal hybridizations. When using the cloned hexon gene region of BAV-3 (subgroup 1) or the total genome of HAV-2 as probes, again no homology could be shown to the bovine subgroup 2 serotypes. The extent of DNA homology detectable between the members of bovine subgroup 1, the porcine and the human serotypes was variable, but in general less expressed than that observed within the bovine subgroup 2.
Controlled symmetries and passive walking (2005)

In this note, we investigate the relationship between nonlinear control and passive walking in bipedal locomotion for the general case of an n degree-of-freedom biped in three dimensional space. We introduce the notion of controlled symmetry to capture the effect of the control input on the invariance of the system Lagrangian under group action. We then show the existence of a controlled symmetry for general bipeds under the action of SO(3) taking into account not only the kinetic energy but also the potential energy and impact dynamics. We use this result to show the existence of a nonlinear control law that reproduces so-called passive gaits independent of the particular ground slope. Our contribution in this note is two-fold. First, our result contains the first rigorous proof of the existence of so-called passivity mimicking control laws that explicitly accounts for the impact dynamics. Second, whereas previous papers have studied only planar bipeds with and without knees, our result is completely general. Our results can be viewed as direct extensions of several previous results, such as passivity-based control, virtual gravity, and virtual passive dynamic walking from the planar case to general n-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) robots in three-dimensional space.
Membrane lipid a-crystallin interaction and membrane Ca2+-ATPase activities (1999)

Alpha-Crystallin-lens membrane binding does not protect the Ca2+ -ATPase pump from thermal derangement or oxidation by H2O2.
Modificaciones del Método ACN-PCN para su implementación en Cuba (2007)

En el presente trabajo se exponen las caracteristicas del metodo de evaluacion de pistas de aeropuertos (ACN � PCN),
establecido por la OACI y se hace un estudio del mismo, encaminado a plantear modificaciones necesarias para su
implementacion en Cuba. Las modificaciones planteadas estan relacionadas con la necesidad de valorar cimentaciones no homogeneas de pistas aereas, presentes en aeropuertos en Cuba, y la valoracion de la influencia del estado tensional en la determinacion del espesor equivalente (e) y el CBR promedio de dicha cimentacion. Muestra imparativamente las influencias de estas modificaciones para distintos casos reales a la hora de establecer el PCN de las pistas aereas.