gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of failure wave propagation in impact compression of brittle materials (Glasses) (2012)

For a plane brittle failure wave in a material loaded by an elastic compression wave, an analytic solution is obtained on the basis of a model with a Drucker-Prager type condition and a given value of the failure wave propagation velocity. The wave failure model supplemented with threshold criteria is generalized to two-dimensional flows in breaking plates. Collision of glass plates with a rigid wall is modelled and three- and two-wave failure structures in the plate are obtained. Some data on the leading elastic wave decay and the arrest of the failure wave under the action of the overtaking unloading that propagates from the region of spread of the fractured material near the wall are obtained.
First non-radioactive assay for in vitro screening of histone deacetylase inhibitors. (2000)

Inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HD) are of great potential as new drugs due to their ability to influence transcriptional regulation and to induce apoptosis or differentiation in cancer cells. So far only radioactive enzyme activity assays or in-vivo assays with subsequent electrophoresis and immunoblotting existed to study the activity of HD and potential inhibitors. To aid in the search of new inhibitors, a non-radioactive screening assay was sought and we have previously succeeded in establishing this for the first time. The assay uses an aminocoumarin derivative of an omega-acetylated lysine as substrate for the enzyme. Here we report full experimental details, the evaluation of other potential substrates, and comparative analysis of various inhibitors. This advantageous method should have an impact on further developments in the field.
Site-specific alterations in the B oligomer that affect receptor-binding activities and mitogenicity of pertussis toxin. (1993)

Pertussis toxin plays a major role in the pathogenesis of whooping cough and is considered an important constituent of vaccines against this disease. It is composed of five different subunits associated in a molar ratio 1S1:1S2:1S3:2S4:1S5. The S1 subunit is responsible for the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of the toxin. The B moiety, composed of S2 through S5, recognizes and binds to the target cell receptors and has some ADP-ribosyltransferase-independent activities such as mitogenicity. Site-directed mutagenesis of subunits S2 and S3 allowed us to identify amino acid residues involved in receptor binding. Of all the modifications generated, the deletion of Asn 105 in S2 and of Lys 105 in S3 resulted in the more drastic reduction of binding to haptoglobin and CHO cells, respectively. A holotoxin carrying both deletions presented a mitogenicity reduced to an undetectable level. The combination of these B oligomer mutations with two substitutions in the S1 subunit led to the production of a toxin analog with reduced ADP-ribosyltransferase-dependent and -independent activities including mitogenicity. As shown by immunoprecipitation with various monoclonal antibodies, the mutant holotoxin was correctly assembled and antigenically similar to the native toxin. This toxin analog induced toxin-neutralizing antibodies at the same level as the holotoxin carrying only mutations in the S1 subunit, and may therefore be considered a useful candidate for the development of a new generation vaccine against whooping cough.
Arterial blood acid-base regulation during exercise in rats (1984)

For the first time in the rat, we described the effects of exercise on arterial acid-base status and examined the role of chemical stimuli as determinants of the hyperventilatory response in this species. O2 consumption (VO2), CO2 production (VCO2), arterial blood gases, arterial lactate concentration ([LA-]a), and rectal temperature (Tre) were measured in non-trained male rats at rest and during 10 min of treadmill exercise at various intensities. During mild exercise (2.5-fold increase in VCO2), PaCO2 fell 5.5 +/- 0.6 Torr, and despite a small but significant increase in [LA-]a, respiratory alkalosis prevailed [change in arterial pH (delta pHa) = 0.034 +/- 0.006]. Arterial PO2 (PaO2) increased 4.1 +/- 1.5 Torr and Tre increased 0.6 +/- 0.1 degrees C. A progressive hyperventilation occurred from mild to heavy exercise. This response was not attributable to arterial hypoxemia or acidosis and it was not affected by preventing the exercise-induced increase in body temperature. During maximal exercise, VO2 increased 3.4-fold (72 +/- 1.50 ml X kg-1 X min-1) and VCO2 increased 4.5-fold (74 +/- 1.90 ml X kg-1 X min-1), resulting in a 9-fold increase in [LA-]a and a severe metabolic acidosis (pHa 7.31 +/- 0.02). A marked hyperventilation [arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) 28.5 +/- 1.4 Torr] resulted in partial compensation of pHa, but almost all of this hyperventilation occurred before the onset of metabolic acidosis, [i.e., at less than 65% maximum VO2 (VO2max)], and the increased [H+]a with further elevations in VO2 produced no further hypocapnia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies of adsorption and desorption of self-assembled monolayers of alkyl thiols on gold (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical quartz crystal microbalance studies of adsorption and desorption of self-assembled monolayers of alkyl thiols on goldThomas W. Schneider and Daniel A. ButtryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 26, 12391–12397Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00079a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00079a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3171Altmetric-Citations228LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A pairwise key pre-distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks (2003)

To achieve security in wireless sensor networks, it is important to be able to encrypt and authenticate messages sent among sensor nodes. Keys for encryption and authentication purposes must be agreed upon by communicating nodes. Due to resource constraints, achieving such key agreement in wireless sensor networks is non-trivial. Many key agreement schemes used in general networks, such as Diffie-Hellman and public-key based schemes, are not suitable for wireless sensor networks. Pre-distribution of secret keys for all pairs of nodes is not viable due to the large amount of memory used when the network size is large. To solve the key pre-distribution problem, two elegant key pre-distribution approaches have been proposed recently [11, 7].In this paper, we propose a new key pre-distribution scheme, which substantially improves the resilience of the network compared to the existing schemes. Our scheme exhibits a nice threshold property: when the number of compromised nodes is less than the threshold, the probability that any nodes other than these compromised nodes is affected is close to zero. This desirable property lowers the initial payoff of smaller scale network breaches to an adversary, and makes it necessary for the adversary to attack a significant proportion of the network. We also present an in depth analysis of our scheme in terms of network resilience and associated overhead.
Telangiectatic Erythematous Cutaneous Reaction to an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (2003)

A 76-year-old man developed progressive blanchable reticulate erythema at the implantation site of his third implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Despite reports of allergic contact dermatitis to implantable devices, extensive routine patch testing in our patient failed to identify a responsible allergen. The clinical presentation and pathologic evidence were consistent with reticular telangiectatic erythema that has been reported overlying pacemakers and, in the English literature recently, overlying ICDs in two patients. Reticular telangiectatic erythema is a benign reactive condition that is possibly due to a combination of aberrant local circulatory and physical forces such as heat, electric fields, or magnetic fields.
Java Card or How to Cope with the New Security Issues Raised by Open Cards? (1999)

In this paper, we aim to discuss various threats raised by Java Cards at various levels of the system. First, we address the Java Card platform security itself, from the chip security features to the Java Card virtual machine. Next, we expose how to deal with application security which is a standard problem for smart card manufacturers but a quite new one for third party Java developers beginning to code Java Card applets. We also present the security o#ered by the card environment, i.e., how to securely download code on cards. Finally, we highlight the security issues coming from objects sharing inside the card and we present a few hints to prevent faults in smart card software.
Sonoporation: Gene transfer using ultrasound (2013)

Genes can be transferred using viral or non-viral vectors. Non-viral methods that use plasmid DNA and short interference RNA (siRNA) have advantages, such as low immunogenicity and low likelihood of genomic integration in the host, when compared to viral methods. Non-viral methods have potential merit, but their gene transfer efficiency is not satisfactory. Therefore, new methods should be developed. Low-frequency ultrasound irradiation causes mechanical perturbation of the cell membrane, allowing the uptake of large molecules in the vicinity of the cavitation bubbles. The collapse of these bubbles generates small transient holes in the cell membrane and induces transient membrane permeabilization. This formation of small pores in the cell membrane using ultrasound allows the transfer of DNA/RNA into the cell. This phenomenon is known as sonoporation and is a gene delivery method that shows great promise as a potential new approach in gene therapy. Microbubbles lower the threshold of cavity formation. Complexes of therapeutic genes and microbubbles improve the transfer efficiency of genes. Diagnostic ultrasound is potentially a suitable sonoporator because it allows the real-time monitoring of irradiated fields.
Maturation of Dendritic Cells Accompanies High-Efficiency Gene Transfer by a CD40-Targeted Adenoviral Vector (1999)

Important therapeutic applications of genetically modified dendritic cells (DC) have been proposed; however, current vector systems have demonstrated only limited gene delivery efficacy to this cell type. By means of bispecific Abs, we have dramatically enhanced gene transfer to monocyte derived DC (MDDC) by retargeting adenoviral (Ad) vectors to a marker expressed on DC, CD40. Adenovirus targeted to CD40 demonstrated dramatic improvements in gene transfer relative to untargeted Ad vectors. Fundamental to the novelty of this system is the capacity of the vector itself to modulate the immunological status of the MDDC. This vector induces DC maturation as demonstrated phenotypically by increased expression of CD83, MHC, and costimulatory molecules, as well as functionally by production of IL-12 and an enhanced allostimulatory capacity in a MLR. In comparing this vector to other Ad-based gene transfer systems, we have illustrated that the features of DC maturation are not a function of the Ad particle, but rather a consequence of targeting to the CD40 marker. This vector approach may thus mediate not only high-efficiency gene delivery but also serve a proactive role in DC activation that could ultimately strengthen the utility of this vector for immunotherapy strategies.
High-sensitivity array analysis of gene expression for the early detection of disseminated breast tumor cells in peripheral blood (2001)

Early detection is an effective means of reducing cancer mortality. Here, we describe a highly sensitive high-throughput screen that can identify panels of markers for the early detection of solid tumor cells disseminated in peripheral blood. The method is a two-step combination of differential display and high-sensitivity cDNA arrays. In a primary screen, differential display identified 170 candidate marker genes differentially expressed between breast tumor cells and normal breast epithelial cells. In a secondary screen, high-sensitivity arrays assessed expression levels of these genes in 48 blood samples, 22 from healthy volunteers and 26 from breast cancer patients. Cluster analysis identified a group of 12 genes that were elevated in the blood of cancer patients. Permutation analysis of individual genes defined five core genes (P < or = 0.05, permax test). As a group, the 12 genes generally distinguished accurately between healthy volunteers and patients with breast cancer. Mean expression levels of the 12 genes were elevated in 77% (10 of 13) untreated invasive cancer patients, whereas cluster analysis correctly classified volunteers and patients (P = 0.0022, Fisher's exact test). Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed array results and indicated that the sensitivity of the assay (1:2 x 10(8) transcripts) was sufficient to detect disseminated solid tumor cells in blood. Expression-based blood assays developed with the screening approach described here have the potential to detect and classify solid tumor cells originating from virtually any primary site in the body.
Single Quantum Dots in Spherical Silica Particles (2004)

Bright particles: The optical properties of luminescent nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) can be exploited only if they are have an appropriate surface derivatization. A straightforward method is presented to encapsulate single QDs with a homogeneous silica shell, while retaining their high luminescence (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z460752_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The migrant girls' voices: Gender and multi-culturalism at school (2013)

Have you ever struggled to communicate to some parents due to their lack of English or their set of beliefs? Or have you ever felt you should treat some behaviour differently due to the student's background or gender? Did you ever feel intimidated by someone's cultural practices or felt that this student's background would be responsible for holding her back from fulfilling her potential?
The Adjuvant MF59: A 10-Year Perspective (2003)

Over the last decade, advances in subunit vaccine technology, achieved in many cases with recombinant DNA techniques, have created a dramatic increase in demand for vaccine adjuvants which can help to ellicit protective responses from subunit antigens which, in general, are poorly immunogenic when administered in the absence of an adjuvant (). The purpose of this chapter is to summarize our extensive experience with the oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant MF59 and to emphasize to the reader that MF59 is no longer a research formulation, but a functional commercial adjuvant. Here we provide information on good manufacturing processes (GMP), and methods of characterization for postproduction release and demonstration of long-term stability of MF59, as well as representative data to demonstrate the consistency of the product. We also provide information on the in vitro and in vivo performance of MF59 in combination with various vaccine antigens, which we have gathered during the decade of development, which has resulted in formulation of MF59 in the Fluad® vaccine, that marks the first European approval of a nonalum adjuvant for human use.
Biochemical studies of taste sensation: binding to taste tissue of 3H-labeled monellin, a sweet-tasting protein. (1979)

Binding of 3H-labeled methylated monellin to taste receptor tissue was demonstrated in vitro. Preparation of bovine and human circumvallate (taste) papillae bound more of the ligand than did lingual and nonlingual epithelial preparations devoid of taste buds. Binding to the taste preparations saturated at high ligand concentrations. Furthermore, sugars and other sweet-tasting molecules appeared to compete to some extent with this sweet-tasting protein for its binding sites. These binding measurements of the intensity sweet-tasting protein monellin to taste receptor preparations help to establish the binding interactions as an initial step taste sensation.
Serum Adiponectin Levels and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Pediatric Renal Transplant Recipients (2009)

Background. Reduced levels of serum adiponectin, an adipokine, are associated with cardiovascular and obesity-related diseases; however, relations between adiponectin and hypertension are unclear. Methods. This cross-sectional study examined adiponectin and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in 33 pediatric renal transplant recipients (TXP), aged 8 to 19 years, median of 1.9 years after transplant. Serum total adiponectin (μg/mL) and high molecular weight-to-total adiponectin ratio (HMWr), 24-hr ABPM, and dual x-ray absorptiometry measures of fat mass were obtained. Results. The 12 TXP with hypertension (defined as BP index >1.0 and BP load >25%) had lower total adiponectin levels (7.4±3.2 vs. 10.9±5.2 μg/mL, P=0.045) compared with nonhypertensive TXP. Hypertensive TXP trended toward lower HMWr compared with nonhypertensive TXP (0.40±0.09 vs. 0.47±0.11, P=0.064). Levels did not differ according to sex, obesity or dipper status. In univariate analyses, total adiponectin and HMWr were negatively and significantly correlated with indexed BP in the daytime, nighttime, and 24-hr periods (R=−0.35 to −0.57). After adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate, fat mass, anti-hypertensive medication and fasting glucose, (1) lower total adiponectin was significantly and independently associated with greater elevations in all ABPM indexes except for nighttime systolic indexed BP, and (2) HMWr was inversely associated with all ABPM indexes. Lower adiponectin levels (P=0.049) and HMWr (P=0.042) were associated with greater odds of hypertension. Conclusion. These data indicate that lower total adiponectin and HMWr were significantly and independently associated with greater ambulatory blood pressure.
Antidepressants and the Risk of Suicidal Behaviors (2004)

The risk of suicidal behavior after starting antidepressant treatment is similar among users of amitriptyline, fluoxetine, and paroxetine compared with the risk among users of dothiepin. The risk of suicidal behavior is increased in the first month after starting antidepressants, especially during the first 1 to 9 days. A possible small increase in risk (bordering statistical significance) among those starting the newest antidepressant, paroxetine, is of a magnitude that could readily be due to uncontrolled confounding by severity of depression. Based on limited information, we also conclude that there is no substantial difference in effect of the 4 drugs on people aged 10 to 19 years.
Two non-invasive GFR-estimation methods in rat models of polycystic kidney disease: 3.0 Tesla dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and optical imaging (2011)

Both non-invasive estimation methods of GFR, MRI and optical imaging, can differentiate between healthy rats and animals with limited kidney function. Furthermore, optical imaging, unlike MRI, seems to consider that disease progression with increase of renal polycystic deterioration does not correlate with decrease of GFR in the initial stage of compensatory hyperfiltration.
New triply hydrogen bonded complexes with highly variable stabilities (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew triply hydrogen bonded complexes with highly variable stabilitiesThomas J. Murray and Steven C. ZimmermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10, 4010–4011Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00036a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00036a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1721Altmetric-Citations241LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RNAi-mediated Gene Silencing of Mutant Myotilin Improves Myopathy in LGMD1A Mice (2014)

Recent progress suggests gene therapy may one day be an option for treating some forms of limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD). Nevertheless, approaches targeting LGMD have so far focused on gene replacement strategies for recessive forms of the disease. In contrast, no attempts have been made to develop molecular therapies for any of the eight dominantly inherited forms of LGMD. Importantly, the emergence of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics in the last decade provided new tools to combat dominantly inherited LGMDs with molecular therapy. In this study, we describe the first RNAi-based, preclinical gene therapy approach for silencing a gene associated with dominant LGMD. To do this, we developed adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV6) carrying designed therapeutic microRNAs targeting mutant myotilin (MYOT), which is the underlying cause of LGMD type 1A (LGMD1A). Our best MYOT-targeted microRNA vector (called miMYOT) significantly reduced mutant myotilin mRNA and soluble protein expression in muscles of LGMD1A mice (the TgT57I model) both 3 and 9 months after delivery, demonstrating short- and long-term silencing effects. This MYOT gene silencing subsequently decreased deposition of MYOT-seeded intramuscular protein aggregates, which is the hallmark feature of LGMD1A. Histological improvements were accompanied by significant functional correction, as miMYOT-treated animals showed increased muscle weight and improved specific force in the gastrocnemius, which is one of the most severely affected muscles in TgT57I mice and patients with dominant myotilin mutations. These promising results in a preclinical model of LGMD1A support the further development of RNAi-based molecular therapy as a prospective treatment for LGMD1A. Furthermore, this study sets a foundation that may be refined and adapted to treat other dominant LGMD and related disorders.