gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Brain Mechanism for Facilitation of Insight by Positive Affect (2008)

Previous research has shown that people solve insight or creative problems better when in a positive mood (assessed or induced), although the precise mechanisms and neural substrates of this facilitation remain unclear. We assessed mood and personality variables in 79 participants before they attempted to solve problems that can be solved by either an insight or an analytic strategy. Participants higher in positive mood solved more problems, and specifically more with insight, compared with participants lower in positive mood. fMRI was performed on 27 of the participants while they solved problems. Positive mood (and to a lesser extent and in the opposite direction, anxiety) was associated with changes in brain activity during a preparatory interval preceding each solved problem; modulation of preparatory activity in several areas biased people to solve either with insight or analytically. Analyses examined whether (a) positive mood modulated activity in brain areas showing responsivity during preparation; (b) positive mood modulated activity in areas showing stronger activity for insight than noninsight trials either during preparation or solution; and (c) insight effects occurred in areas that showed mood-related effects during preparation. Across three analyses, the ACC showed sensitivity to both mood and insight, demonstrating that positive mood alters preparatory activity in ACC, biasing participants to engage in processing conducive to insight solving. This result suggests that positive mood enhances insight, at least in part, by modulating attention and cognitive control mechanisms via ACC, perhaps enhancing sensitivity to detect non-prepotent solution candidates.
Role of VEGF, PDGF and FGF in glioblastoma progression as determined by soluble decoy receptor expression in preclinical models (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

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A number of anti-angiogenic therapies that are currently in clinical development target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of ligands and receptors. The VEGF family has a demonstrated role in a wide range of malignancies, particularly highly vascularized tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM), although recent research has indicated that additional growth factor pathways may also be involved. Of these factors, members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family have been implicated. Inhibition of these additional pathways, either alone or in addition to VEGF, may result in potent anti-cancer responses that may lead to tumor dormancy or regression in cancer types that are unresponsive to VEGF treatment alone. We wished to examine the relative contribution of the VEGF, PDGF and FGF growth factors in glioblastoma angiogenesis and growth using soluble decoy receptors to specifically inhibit these individual growth factor pathways for therapeutic development. Soluble decoy receptors were constructed from VEGF receptor 1 and 2 (VEGFR1 and R2), PDGF receptor α and β (PDGFRα and β) and FGF receptor 1 and 2 (FGFR1 and R2) by fusion of the extracellular Ig-like domains of the receptor to an Fc segment of human IgG1. Ligand binding affinity and in vivo bioavailability was examined on multiple variants of each growth factor receptor to determine an optimal soluble inhibitor for the VEGF, PDGF and FGF pathways. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) gene delivery was then employed to express the optimized receptors systemically in mice. Following a single intravenous or intramusclar injection of rAAV, the soluble receptors were expressed long-term (>3 months) and at a high-level (200-2000 μg/ml depending on receptor), providing sustained inhibition of their respective growth factor signaling pathways. Preclinical efficacy was examined for each soluble receptor in the subcutaneous C6 rat glioma, 4C8 murine glioma and the human U-87 and U-251 MG glioblastoma models, allowing the relative impact of VEGF, PDGF and FGF inhibition to be assessed side-by-side. Inhibition of VEGF provided therapeutic efficacy irrespective of the glioma model examined, however, the anti-tumor efficacy of PDGF and FGF inhibition was model-dependent. Following examination of anti-tumor efficacy as a monotherapy, growth factor inhibitors were combined to examine potential synergy by targeting multiple pathways in GBM models. The development of these optimized soluble decoy receptors allows the effect of specific inhibition of growth factor pathways to be individually investigated in tumor progression and may aid in the identification of signaling pathways to inhibit in combination for the next generation of angiogenic inhibitors.
Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy for in vivo imaging of single capillaries (2008)

Capillaries, the smallest blood vessels, are the distal end of the vasculature where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged between blood and tissue. Hence, noninvasive imaging of capillaries and function in vivo has long been desired as a window to studying fundamental physiology, such as neurovascular coupling. Existing imaging modalities cannot provide the required sensitivity and spatial resolution. We present in vivo imaging of the microvasculature including single capillaries in mice using optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) developed in our laboratory. OR-PAM provides a lateral resolution of 5 microm and an imaging depth >0.7 mm.
Alkane sonochemistry (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkane sonochemistryKenneth S. Suslick, John J. Gawienowski, Paul F. Schubert, and Hau H. WangCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 13, 2299–2301Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100236a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100236a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views614Altmetric-Citations166LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Heart Rate Estimation From Wrist-Worn Photoplethysmography: A Review (2019)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a low-cost, non-invasive, and optical technique used to detect blood volume changes in the microvascular tissue bed, measured from the skin surface. It has traditionally been used in commercial medical devices for oxygen saturation, blood pressure monitoring, and cardiac activity for assessing peripheral vascular disease and autonomic function. There has been a growing interest to incorporate PPG sensors in daily life, capable of use in ambulatory settings. However, inferring cardiac information (e.g. heart rate) from PPG traces in such situations is extremely challenging, because of interferences caused by motion. Following the IEEE Signal Processing Cup in 2015, numerous methods have been proposed for estimating particularly the average heart rate using wrist-worn PPG during physical activity. Details on PPG technology, sensor development, and applications have been well documented in the literature. Hence, in this paper, we have presented a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art research on heart rate estimation from wrist-worn PPG signals. Our review also encompasses brief theoretical details about PPG sensing and other potential applications-biometric identification, disease diagnosis using wrist PPG. This paper will set a platform for future research on pervasive monitoring using wrist PPG.
Sequence specificity in triple helix formation: experimental and theoretical studies of the effect of mismatches on triplex stability (1991)

The specificity of a homopyrimidine oligonucleotide binding to a homopurine-homopyrimidine sequence on double-stranded DNA was investigated by both molecular modeling and thermal dissociation experiments. The presence of a single mismatched triplet at the center of the triplex was shown to destabilize the triple helix, leading to a lower melting temperature and a less favorable energy of interaction. A terminal mismatch was less destabilizing than a central mismatch. The extent of destabilization was shown to be dependent on the nature of the mismatch. Both single base-pair substitution and deletion in the duplex DNA target were investigated. When a homopurine stretch was interrupted by one thymine, guanine was the least destabilizing base on the third strand. However, G in the third strand did not discriminate between a C.G and an A.T base pair. If the stretch of purines was interrupted by a cytosine, the presence of pyrimidines (C or T) in the third strand yielded a less destabilizing effect than purines. This study shows that oligonucleotides forming triple helices can discriminate between duplex DNA sequences that differ by one base pair. It provides a basis for the choice of antigene oligonucleotide sequences targeted to selected sequences on duplex DNA.
Relative value of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide, TIMI risk score, ACC/AHA prognostic classification and other risk markers in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (2004)

In NSTE-ACS, NT-proBNP adds substantial information to the TIMI risk score and the ACC/AHA classification. Compared to other biomarkers, NT-proBNP is the strongest independent predictor of in-hospital and 180-day mortality.
Quickr: Lazily Approximating Complex Ad-Hoc Queries in Big Data Clusters (2016)

We present a system that approximates the answer to complex ad-hoc queries in big-data clusters by injecting samplers on-the-fly and without requiring pre-existing samples. Improvements can be substantial when big-data queries take multiple passes over data and when samplers execute early in the query plan. We present a new universe sampler which is able to sample multiple join inputs. By incorporating samplers natively into a cost-based query optimizer, we automatically generate plans with appropriate samplers at appropriate locations. We devise an accuracy analysis method using which we ensure that query plans with samplers will not miss groups and that aggregate values are within a small ratio of their true value. An implementation on a cluster with tens of thousands of machines shows that queries in the TPC-DS benchmark use a median of 2x fewer resources. In contrast, approaches that construct input samples even when given 10x the size of the input to store samples improve only 22% of the queries, i.e. a median speed up of 0x. SIGMOD talk slides. Some errata in the conference version and proofs are here. Ships with Azure Data Lake Analytics; reference documentation is here and there.
Tumor-associated macrophage/microglia infiltration in human gliomas is correlated with MCP-3, but not MCP-1 (2009)

The monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (MCP-3) belongs to the MCP subgroup of the CC chemokines and promotes chemotaxis of immune cells. MCP-1 is believed to play an important role in monocyte infiltration into tumor tissues; however, the relationship between tumor-infiltrating macrophage/microglia (TIM/M) and the expression of chemokines has not been investigated in detail in human glioma samples; therefore, we first examined the expression of several chemokines and chemokine receptors in human tumor cell lines, which included glioma lines, using real-time PCR. We found that several glioma lines expressed MCP-3 predominantly, and not MCP-1. In order to assess the significance of MCP-3 expression in human glioma tissues, we then examined the number of CD68+ TIM/M, the percentage of TIM/M in the total cell population, and the expression of MCP-1 and MCP-3 in glioma tissues. There was a correlation between the percentage of TIM/M and MCP-3 expression levels; however, there was no correlation between the percentage of TIM/M and MCP-1 expression. There was no correlation between the number of TIM/M and prognosis of patients. These data indicate that tumor cell-derived MCP-3, but not MCP-1, facilitates the infiltration of macrophage/microglia into tumor tissues. This is the first study that clearly compared the significance of MCP-3 with that of MCP-1 in the tumor infiltration rates of TIM/M.
Fast cost-volume filtering for visual correspondence and beyond (2011)

Many computer vision tasks can be formulated as labeling problems. The desired solution is often a spatially smooth labeling where label transitions are aligned with color edges of the input image. We show that such solutions can be efficiently achieved by smoothing the label costs with a very fast edge preserving filter. In this paper we propose a generic and simple framework comprising three steps: (i) constructing a cost volume (ii) fast cost volume filtering and (iii) winner-take-all label selection. Our main contribution is to show that with such a simple framework state-of-the-art results can be achieved for several computer vision applications. In particular, we achieve (i) disparity maps in real-time, whose quality exceeds those of all other fast (local) approaches on the Middlebury stereo benchmark, and (ii) optical flow fields with very fine structures as well as large displacements. To demonstrate robustness, the few parameters of our framework are set to nearly identical values for both applications. Also, competitive results for interactive image segmentation are presented. With this work, we hope to inspire other researchers to leverage this framework to other application areas.
Effects of dietary curcumin or N-acetylcysteine on NF-κB activity and contractile performance in ambulatory and unloaded murine soleus (2005)

In conclusion, neither dietary curcumin nor dietary NAC prevents unloading-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction and atrophy, although dietary NAC does prevent unloading induced NF-kappaB activation.
Combination Insulin-Sulfonylurea Therapy (1990)

Combination sulfonylurea-insulin therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus has been evaluated by numerous investigators with various experimental designs. Much of the data are conflicting, and clear conclusions do not seem justified. Insulin-sulfonylurea therapy is probably not clinically useful in most patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Most non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients are also unlikely to have meaningful improvement in glycemic regulation on insulin-sulfonylurea therapy. A subset of NIDDM patients who are mildly to moderately obese, have adequate endogenous insulin secretory reserve, and are in poor glycemic regulation (fasting plasma glucose greater than 11 mM and/or HbA1 greater than 10%), despite twice-daily insulin administration of greater than 70 U/day, may show significant improvement of glycemic regulation and/or decreases in insulin daily dose on insulin-sulfonylurea therapy. The mechanisms by which insulin-sulfonylurea therapy improves glycemic regulation and decreases insulin requirements involve an increase in endogenous insulin secretion and possibly some extrapancreatic actions of the sulfonylureas on muscle and liver.
The emerging role of Klotho in clinical nephrology (2012)

Klotho is highly expressed in the kidney and a soluble form of Klotho functions as an endocrine substance that exerts multiple actions including the modulation of renal solute transport and the protection of the kidney from a variety of insults in experimental models. At present, the Klotho database is still largely preclinical, but the anticipated forthcoming impact on clinical nephrology can be immense. This manuscript puts these potentials into perspective for the clinician. There is renal and systemic Klotho deficiency in both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Klotho plummets very early and severely in AKI and represents a pathogenic factor that exacerbates acute kidney damage. In CKD, Klotho deficiency exerts a significant impact on progression of renal disease and extra renal complications. In AKI, soluble Klotho levels in plasma and/or urine may serve as an early biomarker for kidney parenchymal injury. Restoration by exogenous supplementation or stimulation of endogenous Klotho may prevent and/or ameliorate kidney injury and mitigate CKD development. In CKD, Klotho levels may be an indicator of early disease and predict the rate of progression, and presence and severity of soft tissue calcification. The correction of Klotho deficiency may delay progression and forestall development of extra renal complications in CKD. Rarely does one find a molecule with such broad potential applications in nephrology. Klotho can possibly emerge on the horizon as a candidate for an unprecedented sole biomarker and intervention. Nephrologists should monitor the progress of the preclinical studies and the imminently emerging human database.
Measurement of Solvation Responses at Multiple Sites in a Globular Protein (2007)

Proteins respond to electrostatic perturbations through complex reorganizations of their charged and polar groups, as well as those of the surrounding media. These solvation responses occur both in the protein interior and on its surface, though the exact mechanisms of solvation are not well understood, in part because of limited data on the solvation responses for any given protein. Here, we characterize the solvation kinetics at sites throughout the sequence of a small globular protein, the B1 domain of streptococcal protein G (GB1), using the synthetic fluorescent amino acid Aladan. Aladan was incorporated into seven different GB1 sites, and the time-dependent Stokes shift was measured over the femtosecond to nanosecond time scales by fluorescence upconversion and time-correlated single photon counting. The seven sites range from buried within the protein core to fully solvent-exposed on the protein surface, and are located on different protein secondary structures including beta-sheets, helices, and loops. The dynamics in the protein sites were compared against the free fluorophore in buffer. All protein sites exhibited an initial, ultrafast Stokes shift on the subpicosecond time scale similar to that observed for the free fluorophore, but smaller in magnitude. As the probe is moved from the surface to more buried sites, the dynamics of the solvation response become slower, while no clear correlation between dynamics and secondary structure is observed. We suggest that restricted movements of the surrounding protein residues give rise to the observed long time dynamics and that such movements comprise a large portion of the protein's solvation response. The proper treatment of dynamic Stokes shift data when the time scale for solvation is comparable to the fluorescence lifetime is discussed.
The teraton challenge. A review of fixation and transformation of carbon dioxide (2009)

The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is linked to climate changes; hence there is an urgent need to reduce the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere. The utilization of CO2 as a raw material in the synthesis of chemicals and liquid energy carriers offers a way to mitigate the increasing CO2 buildup. This review covers six important CO2 transformations namely: chemical transformations, photochemical reductions, chemical and electrochemical reductions, biological conversions, reforming and inorganic transformations. Furthermore, the vast research area of carbon capture and storage is reviewed briefly. This review is intended as an introduction to CO2, its synthetic reactions and their possible role in future CO2 mitigation schemes that has to match the scale of man-made CO2 in the atmosphere, which rapidly approaches 1 teraton.
PmrAB, a Two-Component Regulatory System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa That Modulates Resistance to Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides and Addition of Aminoarabinose to Lipid A (2003)

Spontaneous polymyxin-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated. The mutations responsible for this phenotype were mapped to a two-component signal transduction system similar to PmrAB of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Lipid A of these mutants contained aminoarabinose, an inducible modification that is associated with polymyxin resistance. Thus, P. aeruginosa possesses a mechanism that induces resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides in response to environmental conditions.
A novel structure for improved directivity (2003)

The authors report on their experience with a novel structure which may be used with existing vertical elements, not only to increase the low-angle ground wave coverage, but also to reduce significantly the high-angle sky wave radiated by traditional towers. Such high-angle radiation results in two undesirable effects: skywave interference with adjacent and cochannel stations, and the creation of a fading zone surrounding the transmitter. This structure, a toroidal helix, can be used in a variety of applications to tailor the radiated pattern of wire antennas of any particular polarization state. The structure is formed by taking a contrawound, normal-mode helix and forming it into a self-resonant, closed, multiply connected region (torus, for example) of arbitrary cross section. The resulting low profile structure can be viewed as a leaky resonator. It not only combines the tuning and matching elements with the radiating element itself, for increased efficiency, but also provides the designer with the flexibility of polarization state and pattern shape control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The potential role of comprehensive genomic profiling to guide targeted therapy for patients with biliary cancer (2017)

Remarkable advancements in techniques of genomic profiling and bioinformatics have led to the accumulation of vast amounts of knowledge on the genomic profiles of biliary tract cancer (BTC). Recent largescale molecular profiling studies have not only highlighted genomic differences characterizing tumors of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder, but have also revealed differences in genomic profiles pertaining to associated risk factors. Novel genomic alterations such as <i>FGFR2</i> fusions and <i>IDH1/2</i> mutations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and <i>ERBB2</i> alterations in gallbladder cancer (GBCA) are emerging as targeted therapy options capable of advancing precision medicine for the care of these patients. Moreover, variable genomic alterations also appear to impact prognosis and overall disease outcome independent from their therapy selection value. High mutational burden and increased expression of immune checkpoint-related proteins observed in a subset of BTC also show a potential for guidance of immunotherapy. Thus, comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is rapidly achieving status as an integral component of precision medicine and is starting to become invaluable in guiding the management of patients with BTC, a rare disease with dismal outcome.