gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using storybooks as a rehabilitation technique for poor socio-emotional skills (2012)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The main aim of this study was to determine how children best learn about emotions. This knowledge will aid the development of a socio-emotional rehabilitation program for children with traumatic brain injury (TBI), so a secondary aim was to understand how children with TBI gain emotional knowledge. Although the involvement of TBI children was exploratory in nature, it was hypothesised that all children would learn more about emotions when information was presented verbally, rather than pictorially. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; A total of 76 children (50-80 months) participated in this study. Typically developing children (n = 59) were recruited from local Hobart primary schools and children with TBI (n = 17) were recruited from the Royal Hobart Hospital (RHH). Parents were contacted if their child presented to the emergency room with a head injury between January 2009 and September 2011. A storybook was developed to assess children’s understanding of facts and emotions. Children were either shown the verbal (n = 35) or pictorial (n = 41) story, and required to answer factual and emotion-based questions about events in the story. Children were also administered the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-III) to covary for receptive language skills. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; A mixed ANCOVA (2x2x2) was conducted. There was no significant main or interaction effect for group, however a significant interaction effect was apparent between question type and PPVT-III, F(1,71) = 4.52, p &lt; .05, ƞ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = .06 as well as question type and story type, F(1,71) = 4.39, p &lt; .05, ƞ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = .06. the means indicated that children’s performance on factual questions did not differ between story types, whereas children’s performance on emotion questions increased significantly when they were given the words-only version of the story book as opposed to the pictures-only version. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results suggest that regardless of TBI history, children learn more about a storybook’s emotional content from the verbal narration as opposed to the pictures. This indicates that socio-emotional rehabilitation programs for children with TBI should focus on teaching children about emotions by using words to describe contextual information rather than pictures. &lt;/p&gt;
The genetics, epidemiology, and early detection of gastrointestinal cancers (1992)

Current recommendations for screening large populations for colorectal neoplasia have been promulgated by a number of researchers and authorities who generally agree that ongoing screening is justifiable in high-risk groups but not yet in average-risk groups. Nonetheless, it is thought to be justifiable to provide screening for average-risk individuals upon request. Choice of tools for screening remains under discussion. Colonoscopy is generally agreed to be justifiable in those patients with the highest risk, ie, members of families with a clear inherited tendency to develop colorectal cancer or those with a personal history of colorectal neoplasia. There is currently no agreement concerning the recommended tools for those with a weaker family history (one or two affected relatives), but regular fecal occult blood testing with occasional limited endoscopic examination of the bowel is usually favored. The new immunochemical-based occult blood tests show great promise for improved sensitivity and specificity. The evidence of the association between Helicobacter pylori gastritis and gastric cancer has been strengthened by three studies that show that patients with gastric cancer are more likely to have had infection in the years (up to 20) prior to diagnosis. The relative risk for cancer when infected with H. pylori is 3.6 to 6, but many H. pylori-positive individuals do not develop gastric cancer and additional factors must be operative. Probably the most exciting development for gastroenterology in 1991 is the identification of the gene on chromosome 5, designated APC, which is responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nickel-mediated sequence-specific oxidative cleavage of DNA by a designed metalloprotein (1990)

We recently designed a sequence-specific DNA-cleaving metalloprotein consisting wholly of naturally occurring α-amino acids. The tripeptide copper-binding domain, Gly-Gly-His (GGH), was attached to the NH2-terminus of the DNA-binding domain of Hin recombinase (residues 139-1 90) to afford a new 55-residue protein, GGH(Hin 139-1 90). This protein is capable of binding DNA at four 13 base pair sites (termed hixL and secondary). CuDGGH(Hin139-190) in the presence of excess hydrogen peroxide and sodium ascorbate cleaves DNA predominantly at one of the four Hin binding sites. We report here that, in the presence of Ni(OAc), and monoperoxyphthalic acid, the sequence specificity and efficiency of the DNA cleavage by GGH(Hin139-190) are remarkably altered. The nickel-mediated DNA cleavage process occurs at all four binding sites, is more rapid and efficient, and is chemically activated by 1 equiv of an oxygen atom donor. At the hixL site, cleavage occurs predominantly at a single deoxyribose position on one strand of each binding site, indicating a nondiffusible oxidizing species.
Efficient BISR Techniques for Word-Oriented Embedded Memories with Hierarchical Redundancy (2006)

In this paper, BISR (built-in self-repair) techniques with hierarchical redundancy architecture are proposed for word-oriented embedded memories. Our BISR circuit consists of a built-in self-test (BIST) module and a built-in redundancy-analysis (BIRA) module. Spare words, spare rows, and spare columns are added into the memory cores as redundancy. However, the spare rows and spare columns are virtually divided into spare row blocks and spare column group blocks. The address reconfiguration is performed at row block or column group block level instead of the traditional row or column level. An extended essential spare pivoting (EESP) algorithm is proposed for redundancy analysis based on the proposed redundancy organization. A practical 16Ktimes32 SRAM with BISR circuitry is designed and implemented. Experimental results show that we can obtain a higher repair rate with negligible area overhead (2.56%) of the BISR circuit for a 1024Ktimes2048-bit SRAM chip
Green Wireless Communications: A Time-Reversal Paradigm (2011)

Green wireless communications have received considerable attention recently in hope of finding novel solutions to improve energy efficiency for the ubiquity of wireless applications. In this paper, we argue and show that the time-reversal (TR) signal transmission is an ideal paradigm for green wireless communications because of its inherent nature to fully harvest energy from the surrounding environment by exploiting the multi-path propagation to re-collect all the signal energy that would have otherwise been lost in most existing communication paradigms. A green wireless technology must ensure low energy consumption and low radio pollution to others than the intended user. In this paper, we show through theoretical analysis, numerical simulations and experiment measurements that the TR wireless communications, compared to the conventional direct transmission using a Rake receiver, reveals significant transmission power reduction, achieves high interference alleviation ratio, and exhibits large multi-path diversity gain. As such it is an ideal paradigm for the development of green wireless systems. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show an order of magnitude improvement in terms of transmit power reduction and interference alleviation. Experimental measurements in a typical indoor environment also demonstrate that the transmit power with TR based transmission can be as low as 20% of that without TR, and the average radio interference (thus radio pollution) even in a nearby area can be up to 6dB lower. A strong time correlation is found to be maintained in the multi-path channel even when the environment is varying, which indicates high bandwidth efficiency can be achieved in TR radio communications.
Increased IL-23p19 expression in multiple sclerosis lesions and its induction in microglia (2006)

IL-12 has long been considered important in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. However, evidence from recent studies strongly supports the critical role of IL-12-related proinflammatory cytokine IL-23, but not IL-12, in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of this disease. The role of IL-23 in the CNS immunity of multiple sclerosis patients has not been elucidated; nor is it known whether human microglia produce this cytokine. In this study we investigated the expression of IL-23p19 and p40, with its key subunit p19 as the focus, in histologically characterized CNS specimens from multiple sclerosis and control cases using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. A significant increase in mRNA expression and protein production of both subunits of IL-23 was found in lesion tissues compared with non-lesion tissues. Double staining showed that activated macrophages/microglia were an important source of IL-23p19 in active and chronic active multiple sclerosis lesions. We also detected IL-23p19 expression in mature dendritic cells which were preferentially located in the perivascular cuff of active lesions. The finding that human microglia produce IL-23 was further confirmed by the inducible production of IL-23p19 and p40 in cultured human microglia in vitro upon different Toll-like receptor stimulations. Taken together, these findings on the expression of IL-23p19 in multiple sclerosis lesions may lead to a better understanding of the events culminating in human multiple sclerosis.
Strong Casimir force reduction through metallic surface nanostructuring (2013)

The Casimir force between bodies in vacuum can be understood as arising from their interaction with an infinite number of fluctuating electromagnetic quantum vacuum modes, resulting in a complex dependence on the shape and material of the interacting objects. Becoming dominant at small separations, the force has a significant role in nanomechanics and object manipulation at the nanoscale, leading to a considerable interest in identifying structures where the Casimir interaction behaves significantly different from the well-known attractive force between parallel plates. Here we experimentally demonstrate that by nanostructuring one of the interacting metal surfaces at scales below the plasma wavelength, an unexpected regime in the Casimir force can be observed. Replacing a flat surface with a deep metallic lamellar grating with sub-100 nm features strongly suppresses the Casimir force and for large inter-surfaces separations reduces it beyond what would be expected by any existing theoretical prediction.
Design automation for deepsubmicron: present and future (2003)

Advancing technology drives design technology and thus design automation (EDA). How to model interconnect, how to handle degradation of signal integrity and increasing power density are changing now, and have led to integrating logic and layout synthesis. Aggressive gate sizing to control timing has become part of any modern back-end. From 0.13 /spl mu/ and down, chips will be more susceptive to breakdown during fabrication (antenna effect) or to wear out over time (electromigration) and dealing with these issues will require careful planning. More integration of fast and accurate analysis with a complete design flow (chip planning, synthesis, placement and routing) will be needed, and still, advancing complexity will affect design and verification. Using hundreds of millions of devices effectively will be possible only by reusing pre-designed intellectual property (IP) effectively and by addressing system-level issues in EDA. In the long term only more radical changes will keep us on Moore's track, changes that ultimately will have us depart from the two/sup +/-dimensional confinement and lead to multiple active layers, and changes that will affect deeply the face of EDA altogether.
Grafting fibroblasts genetically modified to produce L-dopa in a rat model of Parkinson disease. (1989)

Rat fibroblasts were infected with a retroviral vector containing the cDNA for rat tyrosine hydroxylase [TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2]. A TH-positive clone was identified by biochemical assay and immunohistochemical staining. When supplemented in vitro with pterin cofactors required for TH activity, these cells produced L-dopa and released it into the cell culture medium. Uninfected control cells and fibroblasts infected with the TH vector were grafted separately to the caudate of rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway. Only grafts containing TH-expressing fibroblasts were found to reduce rotational asymmetry. These results have general implications for the application of gene therapy to human neurological disease and specific implications for Parkinson disease.
Profiles of Neuronal Thread Protein Expression in Alzheimer's Disease (1996)

Neuronal thread proteins (NTPs) comprise a family of molecules expressed in brain and primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell lines. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), increased CNS levels of the 21 kD NTP species are correlated with dementia. The present study characterizes the nature and distribution of NTP expression using recently generated brain-derived polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to recombinant AD7c-NTP protein. In AD, high levels of NTP immunoreactivity were detected in neuronal perikarya, neuropil fibers, and white matter fibers (axons). In addition, 4 of the 23 AD7c-NTP MoAbs labeled degenerating neurons (with or without neurofibrillary tangles), axonal spheroids, dystrophic neurites, or irregular, wavy threadlike neuropil fibers in AD. Increased neuronal AD7c-NTP immunoreactivity in AD colocalized with perikaryal accumulations of tau-1, phosphorylated neurofilament, and the ganglioside, A2B5. In addition, AD7c-NTP immunoreactivity was detected in early neuritic plaques along with beta-amyloid-containing fibrils, but not in mature plaques, nor was it colocalized in beta A4-immunoreactive fibrils. This study demonstrates the profiles of NTP overexpression in relation to paired helical filament-associated neurodegenerative lesions in AD.
Robust mean super-resolution for less cooperative NIR iris recognition at a distance and on the move (2010)

Less cooperative iris identification systems at a distance and on the move often suffers from poor resolution. The lack of pixel resolution significantly degrades the iris recognition performance. Super-resolution has been considered to enhance resolution of iris images. This paper proposes a pixelwise super-resolution technique to reconstruct a high resolution iris image from a video sequence of an eye. A novel fusion approach is proposed to incorporate information details from multiple frames using robust mean. Experiments on the MBGC NIR portal database show the validity of the proposed approach in comparison with other resolution enhancement techniques.
Serum inhibin, activin and follistatin in postmenopausal women with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (2000)

These data demonstrate that though there is preferential secretion of precursor forms of the alpha subunit rather than dimeric inhibin A by epithelial ovarian cancer, pro-alphaC is unlikely to be a useful tumour marker. Activin A is more commonly elevated in postmenopausal women with epithelial ovarian cancer and its role as a tumour marker in the diagnosis and screening of epithelial ovarian cancer warrants further evaluation.
Astrocyte signaling and neurodegeneration (2013)

Growing evidence indicates that astrocytes cannot be just considered as passive supportive cells deputed to preserve neuronal activity and survival, but rather they are involved in a striking number of active functions that are critical to the performance of the central nervous system (CNS). As a consequence, it is becoming more and more evident that the peculiar properties of these cells can actively contribute to the extraordinary functional complexity of the brain and spinal cord. This new perception of the functioning of the CNS opens up a wide range of new possibilities to interpret various physiological and pathological events, and moves the focus beyond the neuronal compartment toward astrocyte-neuron interactions. With this in mind, here we provide a synopsis of the activities astrocytes perform in normal conditions, and we try to discuss what goes wrong with these cells in specific pathological conditions, such as Alzheimer Disease, prion diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Fusion Protein Having Collagen-Binding Activity (CBD-HGF) Accelerates Re-endothelialization and Intimal Hyperplasia in Balloon-injured Rat Carotid Artery (2007)

CBD-HGF accelerates re-endothelialization and neointimal formation in vivo. CBD fusion protein is a useful vehicle to deliver vascular growth factors to injured arteries.
A Review of Interleukin‐2 Receptor Antagonists in Solid Organ Transplantation (1999)

Daclizumab and basiliximab, engineered human IgG monoclonal antibodies to the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor alpha-subunit, were approved to prevent acute rejection after renal transplantation. Daclizumab was studied in adult and pediatric renal allograft recipients, liver allograft recipients, and calcineurin-sparing protocols in renal transplant recipients. Basiliximab was studied in renal allograft recipients and subgroups of recipients of living-related and cadaveric transplants, and in patients with diabetes mellitus. Both agents reduced acute rejection and were associated with few adverse effects. However, information regarding their long-term effects on infection, malignancy, chronic rejection, and patient survival must be available before a final decision is made regarding their proper administration. We propose that a likely role the drugs will play in the field of solid organ transplantation is in new protocols that allow sparing of other more toxic immunosuppressive agents.
Cyclosporine A delivery to the eye: A comprehensive review of academic and industrial efforts (2017)

Local ocular delivery of cyclosporine A (CsA) is the preferred method for CsA delivery as a treatment for ocular inflammatory diseases such as uveitis, corneal healing, vernal keratoconjunctivitis and dry eye disease. However, due to the large molecular weight and hydrophobic nature of CsA and the natural protective mechanisms of the eye, achieving therapeutic levels of CsA in ocular tissues can be difficult. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the current products available to clinicians as well as emerging drug delivery solutions that have been developed at both the academic and industry levels.
Expansion and Function of CD8+ T Cells Expressing Ly49 Inhibitory Receptors Specific for MHC Class I Molecules (2004)

MHC class I-specific Ly49 inhibitory receptors regulate NK cell activation, thereby preventing autologous damage to normal cells. Ly49 receptors are also expressed on a subset of CD8+ T cells whose origin and function remain unknown. We report here that, despite their phenotypic and cytolytic similarities, Ly49+CD8+ T cells and conventional Ly49-CD44high memory-phenotype CD8+ T cells present strikingly distinct features. First, under steady state conditions Ly49+CD8+ T cells are poor cytokine producers (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) upon TCR triggering. Second, Ly49+CD8+ T cells are not induced upon various settings of Ag immunization or microbial challenge. However, Ly49 can be induced on a fraction of self-specific CD8+ T cells if CD4+ T cells are present. Finally, the size of the Ly49+CD8+ T cell subset is selectively reduced in the absence of STAT1. These results indicate that Ly49 expression is associated with a differentiation program of cytolytic CD8+ T cells triggered upon chronic antigenic exposure. They further suggest that the size of the Ly49+CD8+ T cell subset marks a history of CD8+ T cell activation that might preferentially result from endogenous inducers of inflammation rather than from microbial infections.
Metal Foams: Production and Stability (2006)

Abstract Liquid metal foam can be generated by creating gas inside a liquid or semi‐liquid metallic melt which has been pre‐treated in a suitable way. Such foams are self‐supporting disordered structures in complete analogy to aqueous foams. The stabilisation mechanism of metallic foams is still not fully understood. In order to facilitate discussion of foam stabilisation the various methods for making such foams are classified with respect to the mode of gas generation and the type of melt used for foaming. Metal foams can be produced by gas injection from an external source or by in‐situ nucleation of gas bubbles in the melt for which various possibilities are known. Melts amenable to foaming range from almost pure molten alloys to melts to which particles have been added, formed by in‐situ reactions or which have been already present in the solid precursor prior to melting. Some of the available experimental evidence for the action of stabilising particles in metallic foams is presented. It is found that although stabilisation seems to be based on the presence of a solid constituent in all the foaming processes, the mechanisms might vary. At present the nature of stabilisation is not yet fully understood and many questions remain open.
An Improved k-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm for Text Categorization (2003)

k is the most important parameter in a text categorization system based on k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (kNN).In the classification process, k nearest documents to the test one in the training set are determined firstly. Then, the predication can be made according to the category distribution among these k nearest neighbors. Generally speaking, the class distribution in the training set is uneven. Some classes may have more samples than others. Therefore, the system performance is very sensitive to the choice of the parameter k. And it is very likely that a fixed k value will result in a bias on large categories. To deal with these problems, we propose an improved kNN algorithm, which uses different numbers of nearest neighbors for different categories, rather than a fixed number across all categories. More samples (nearest neighbors) will be used for deciding whether a test document should be classified to a category, which has more samples in the training set. Preliminary experiments on Chinese text categorization show that our method is less sensitive to the parameter k than the traditional one, and it can properly classify documents belonging to smaller classes with a large k. The method is promising for some cases, where estimating the parameter k via cross-validation is not allowed.