gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PolyADP-Ribosylation Is Involved in Neurotrophic Activity (2005)

PolyADP-ribosylation is a transient posttranslational modification of proteins, mainly catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1). This highly conserved nuclear protein is activated rapidly in response to DNA nick formation and promotes a fast DNA repair. Here, we examine a possible association between polyADP-ribosylation and the activity of neurotrophins and neuroprotective peptides taking part in life-or-death decisions in mammalian neurons. The presented results indicate an alternative mode of PARP-1 activation in the absence of DNA damage by neurotrophin-induced signaling mechanisms. PARP-1 was activated in rat cerebral cortical neurons briefly exposed to NGF-related nerve growth factors and to the neuroprotective peptides NAP (the peptide NAPVSIPQ, derived from the activity-dependent neuroprotective protein ADNP) and ADNF-9 (the peptide SALLRSIPA, derived from the activity-dependent neurotrophic factor ADNF) In addition, polyADP-ribosylation was involved in the neurotrophic activity of NGF-induced and NAP-induced neurite outgrowth in differentiating pheochromocytoma 12 cells as well as in the neuroprotective activity of NAP in neurons treated with the Alzheimer's disease neurotoxin beta-amyloid. A fast loosening of the highly condensed chromatin structure by polyADP-ribosylation of histone H1, which renders DNA accessible to transcription and repair, may underlie the role of polyADP-ribosylation in neurotrophic activity.
Major species differences between humans and rodents in the susceptibility to pancreatic beta-cell injury. (1994)

The ability of beta cells to endure assaults may be relevant in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This study examines the susceptibility of human pancreatic islets to agents that are cytotoxic for rodent beta cells--i.e., sodium nitroprusside (NP, a nitric oxide donor), streptozotocin (SZ), or alloxan. After 5-8 days in tissue culture, human or rodent islets were exposed for 14 h to NP (50-200 microM) or for 30 min to SZ or alloxan (1-3 mM). Glucose oxidation by human islets was not reduced by NP, but there was a dose-dependent inhibition in rat (40-90% inhibition; P < 0.001) and mouse (10-60% inhibition; P < 0.05) islet glucose oxidation. Glucose (16.7 mM)-induced insulin release by human islets was not impaired after a 30-min exposure to SZ or alloxan, at concentrations that inhibited insulin release from rat (30-80% inhibition; P < 0.001) or mouse (10-70% inhibition; P < 0.05) islets. The viability of human beta cells purified by flow cytometry was not affected by SZ or alloxan (5 mM), as judged 1 or 4 days after a 10-min exposure and subsequent culture; these conditions were cytotoxic for rat beta cells, with 65-95% (P < 0.01) dead beta cells after 4 days. Human islets transplanted under the kidney capsule of nude mice were not affected by in vivo alloxan exposure, as suggested by preserved graft morphology and insulin content, whereas the endogenous beta cells of the transplanted mice were severely damage (80% decrease in pancreatic insulin content and morphological signs of beta-cell destruction). Thus human beta cells are resistant to NP, SZ, or alloxan at concentrations that decrease survival and function of rat or mouse beta cells. These marked interspecies differences emphasize the relevance of repair and/or defense mechanisms in beta-cell destruction and raise the possibility that such differences may also be present among individuals of the same species.
Active materials by four-dimension printing (2013)

We advance a paradigm of printed active composite materials realized by directly printing glassy shape memory polymer fibers in an elastomeric matrix. We imbue the active composites with intelligence via a programmed lamina and laminate architecture and a subsequent thermomechanical training process. The initial configuration is created by three-dimension (3D) printing, and then the programmed action of the shape memory fibers creates time dependence of the configuration—the four-dimension (4D) aspect. We design and print laminates in thin plate form that can be thermomechanically programmed to assume complex three-dimensional configurations including bent, coiled, and twisted strips, folded shapes, and complex contoured shapes with nonuniform, spatially varying curvature. The original flat plate shape can be recovered by heating the material again. We also show how the printed active composites can be directly integrated with other printed functionalities to create devices; here we demonstrate this by creating a structure that can assemble itself.
Functional roles of the factor VIII B domain (2009)

Summary. Unravelling the structure, function and molecular interactions of factor VIII (FVIII) throughout its life cycle from biosynthesis to clearance has advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of haemophilia and the development of effective treatment strategies including recombinant replacement therapy. These insights are now influencing bioengineering strategies toward novel therapeutics. Whereas available molecular models and crystal structures have helped elucidate the structure and function of the A and C domains of FVIII, these models have not included detailed structural information of the B domain. Therefore, insights into the role of the FVIII B domain have come primarily from expression studies in heterologous systems, biochemical studies on bioengineered FVIII variants and clinical studies with B domain‐deleted FVIII. This manuscript reviews the available data on the potential functional roles of the FVIII B domain. A detailed literature search was performed, and the data extracted were qualitatively summarized. Intriguing emerging evidence suggests that the FVIII B domain is involved in intracellular interactions that regulate quality control and secretion, as well as potential regulatory roles within plasma during activation, platelet binding, inactivation and clearance.
Effect of battery energy storage system on load frequency control considering governor deadband and generation rate constraint (1995)

Since a battery energy storage system (BES) can provide fast active power compensation, it also can be used to improve the performance of load-frequency control. In this paper a new incremental model of a BES is presented and merged into the load-frequency control of a power system. A comprehensive digital computer model of a two-area interconnected power system including governor deadband and generation rate constraint is employed for a realistic response. Computer simulations show that the BES is very effective in damping the oscillations caused by load disturbances. The BES model is suitable for charging mode and discharging mode operations. Optimization of controller gains is obtained by the second method of Lyapunov.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Conformational characterization of the charge variants of a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody using H/D exchange mass spectrometry (2013)

MAb1, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody produced in a NS0 cell line, exhibits charge heterogeneity because of the presence of variants formed by processes such as N-terminal glutamate cyclization, C-terminal lysine truncation, deamidation, aspartate isomerization and sialylation in the carbohydrate moiety. Four major charge variants of MAb1 were isolated and the conformations of these charge variants were studied using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, including the H/D exchange time course (HX-MS) and the stability of unpurified proteins from rates of H/D exchange (SUPREX) techniques. HX-MS was used to evaluate the conformation and solution dynamics of MAb1 charge variants by measuring their deuterium buildup over time at the peptide level. The SUPREX technique evaluated the unfolding profile and relative stability of the charge variants by measuring the exchange properties of globally protected amide protons in the presence of a chemical denaturant. The H/D exchange profiles from both techniques were compared among the four charge variants of MAb1. The two techniques together offered extensive understanding about the local and subglobal/global unfolding of the charge variants of MAb1. Our results demonstrated that all four charge variants of MAb1 were not significantly different in conformation, solution dynamics and chemical denaturant-induced unfolding profile and stability, which aids in understanding the biofunctions of the molecules. The analytical strategy used for conformational characterization may also be applicable to comparability studies done for antibody therapeutics.
Generation of a high‐quality P1 library of Arabidopsis suitable for chromosome walking (1995)

Summary Using improved techniques, a representative P1 library of Arabidopsis was constructed and characterized. Megabase genomic DNA was prepared from nuclei and partially digested with Sau 3AI. DNA fragments of 75–100 kb were selected by size fractionation in low melting agarose, concentrated by a spot‐evaporation/dialysis method, and cloned in the pAd10 sacB II P1 vector. The library contains 10 080 clones individually stored in microtiter plates. With an average insert size of about 80 kb, the library represents about eight haploid genomic equivalents of this plant. This library can be screened rapidly by dot hybridization of plate and well position pools. Characterization of the library by restriction analysis, screening with RFLP probes, RFLP mapping of insert end sequences, and chromosome walking shows that the library is of high quality with respect to insert site, completeness, and absence of chimeric artifacts. With this library a contig of about 600 kb has been constructed in the cer 9 locus region. This P1 library is expected to be useful for genome mapping and gene cloning in Arabidopsis research programs.
Plasma thrombospondin levels in patients with colorectal carcinoma (1998)

Venous invasion by colorectal carcinoma was found to play an important role in the elevation of the plasma thrombospondin level. Alternatively, a high concentration of thrombospondin may support metastasis and progression of this malignancy.
HETEROANNELATIONS WITH PINANE-DERIVED β-ENAMINOALDEHYDE (2000)

Synthesis of new chiral fused pyridines and pyrimidines with pinane carbon frame prospective as bioactive compounds is described. Heterocylisations of pinane-derived enaminoaldehyde, need generally more rigid conditions than for o-aminobenzaldehyde, probably, both due to sterical and electronic reasons.
The type I interleukin‐1 receptor acts in series with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to induce arthritis in TNF‐transgenic mice (1995)

The pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) have been shown to be primary mediators in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory joint diseases. However, the relative contributions of these molecules to the development and progression of disease is not known. In the present study, we have investigated the involvement of the type I IL-1 receptor in the development and progression of chronic arthritis in a previously described TNF-transgenic mouse model of this disease. A neutralizing monoclonal antibody to the murine type I IL-1 receptor was injected intraperitoneally three times a week from birth to 9 weeks of age. In the positive control group of untreated transgenic mice the incidence of arthritis was 100% after 9 weeks of age. The injection of normal hamster IgG did not influence the incidence or development of arthritis. In contrast, the injection of antibody to the type I IL-1 receptor completely prevented the development of arthritis. Clinical evaluation of disease was confirmed histologically, anti-receptor antibody-treated mice showed no sign of arthritic change. Moreover, the analysis of sera taken at the end of the study period showed that the neutralization of arthritis by IL-1 receptor antibody treatment was accompanied by significantly lower levels of circulating human TNF compared to the control groups and to untreated transgenic mice prior to disease onset. Taken together, these results show that IL-1 signaling blockade exerts a direct negative feedback effect on TNF production. Our results show that in TNF-transgenic mice the IL-1 receptor accepts the whole pathogenic load of TNF, thereby acting as a potent downstream mediator in the pathogenesis of chronic arthritis.
Powerful, diffraction-limited semiconductor laser using photorefractive beam coupling (1997)

We use semiconductor laser amplifiers and a photorefractive crystal to generate a high-power, diffraction-limited laser beam at 860 nm. Using a single flared amplifier, we obtain 1.09 W in a diffraction-limited beam from 2.2 W of pump power. Using an array of flared amplifiers, we also demonstrate efficient beam coupling, showing that this technique is easily extended to semiconductor amplifier arrays.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A_(165),angiogenesis in malignant transformation of nasal inverted papilloma:the clinical significance (2009)

Objective To assess the clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-A_(165), angiogenesis in malignant transformation of nasal inverted papilloma(NIP),and to evaluate the correlation between VEGF-A_(165) and microvessel number of per unit area(MVNA) labeled by CD105.Methods Frozen sections of patients with normal mucosa(9 cases),NIP(23 cases),and squmamous cell carcinoma(SCO derived from NIP(8 cases) were studied.Serial sections were stained with CD105 by immunofluorescence,and MVNA values were counted.Western blot analysis was used to measure the expression of VEGF-A_(165) The correlation between VEGF-A_(165) and MVNA value was studied.Results The MVNA values was 33.91±17.38 in normal mucosa group,123.35±26.02 in NIP group,and 171.86±49.37 in SCC group,and there were significant differences between the three groups(P0.01).VEGF-A_(165)expression densities(absorbance per mm~2) in the normal,NIP,and SCC groups were 94 927.9±8 633.5,110 653.2±8 419.7,and 116 357.1±3 926.5, respectively,with significant differences found between the three groups(P0.05).VEGF-A_(165) was positively correlated with CD105-labelled MVNA,(r = 0.735,P0.05).Conclusion Angiogenesis plays an important role in NIP malignant transformation.VEGF-A_(165) is positively correlated with CD105-labelled MVNA value.VEGF-A_(165) and CD105-labelled MVNA value may serve as important indicators to evaluate NIP malignant transformation.
The prevalence of biofilms in chronic wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data (2017)

The presence of biofilms in chronic non-healing wounds, has been identified through in vitro model and in vivo animal data. However, human chronic wound studies are under-represented and generally report low sample sizes. For this reason we sought to ascertain the prevalence of biofilms in human chronic wounds by undertaking a systematic review and meta-analysis. Our initial search identified 554 studies from the literature databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline). After removal of duplicates, and those not meeting the requirements of inclusion, nine studies involving 185 chronic wounds met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of biofilms in chronic wounds was 78.2 % (confidence interval [CI 61.6-89, p<0.002]). The results of our meta-analysis support our clinical assumptions that biofilms are ubiquitous in human chronic non-healing wounds.
Noninvasive Measurements of Intramuscular Pressure Using Pulsed Phase-locked Loop Ultrasound for Detecting Compartment Syndromes (2006)

Subarterial thigh cuff pressure causes a significant and transient increase in IMP, serving as a model for anterior compartment tamponade. PPLL is able to detect fascial displacement waveforms corresponding to arterial pulsation and furthermore distinguishes between normal and elevated IMP. There is a linear correlation between PPLL measurements and invasive IMP. The PPLL shows potential utility as a device for noninvasive measurement of IMP for detecting compartment syndromes.
Ignition and high gain with ultrapowerful lasers* (1994)

Ultrahigh intensity lasers can potentially be used in conjunction with conventional fusion lasers to ignite inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsules with a total energy of a few tens of kilojoules of laser light, and can possibly lead to high gain with as little as 100 kJ. A scheme is proposed with three phases. First, a capsule is imploded as in the conventional approach to inertial fusion to assemble a high-density fuel configuration. Second, a hole is bored through the capsule corona composed of ablated material, as the critical density is pushed close to the high-density core of the capsule by the ponderomotive force associated with high-intensity laser light. Finally, the fuel is ignited by suprathermal electrons, produced in the high-intensity laser–plasma interactions, which then propagate from critical density to this high-density core. This new scheme also drastically reduces the difficulty of the implosion, and thereby allows lower quality fabrication and less stringent beam quality and symmetry requirements from the implosion driver. The difficulty of the fusion scheme is transferred to the technological difficulty of producing the ultrahigh-intensity laser and of transporting this energy to the fuel.
Honeypots: tracking hackers (2003)

text is comprehensive, an honest survey of every honeypot technology I had ever heard of and a number I read about for the first time. --Stephen Northcutt, The SANS InstituteOne of the great byproducts of Lance's work with honeypots and honeynets is that he's helped give us a much clearer picture of the hacker in action. --From the Foreword by Marcus J. RanumFrom the basics of shrink-wrapped honeypots that catch script kiddies to the detailed architectures of next-generation honeynets for trapping more sophisticated bad guys, this book covers it all....This book really delivers new information and insight about one of the most compelling information security technologies today. --Ed Skoudis, author of Counter Hack, SANS instructor, and Vice President of Security Strategy for Predictive SystemsHoneypots are unique technological systems specifically designed to be probed, attacked, or compromised by an online attacker. Implementing a honeypot provides you with an unprecedented ability to take the offensive against hackers. Whether used as simple burglar alarms, incident response systems, or tools for gathering information about hacker motives and tactics, honeypots can add serious firepower to your security arsenal.Honeypots: Tracking Hackers is the ultimate guide to this rapidly growing, cutting-edge technology. The book starts with a basic examination of honeypots and the different roles they can play, and then moves on to in-depth explorations of six specific kinds of real-world honeypots: BackOfficer Friendly, Specter™, Honeyd, Homemade honeypots, ManTrap®, and Honeynets.Honeypots also includes a chapter dedicated to legal issues surrounding honeypot use. Written with the guidance of three legal experts, this section explores issues of privacy, entrapment, and liability. The book also provides an overview of the Fourth Amendment, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Wiretap Act, and the Pen/Trap Statute, with an emphasis on how each applies to honeypots.With this book you will gain an understanding of honeypot concepts and architecture, as well as the skills to deploy the best honeypot solutions for your environment. You will arm yourself with the expertise needed to track attackers and learn about them on your own. Security professionals, researchers, law enforcement agents, and members of the intelligence and military communities will find this book indispensable.The CD-ROM contains white papers, source code, and data captures of real attacks. Its contents will help you build and deploy your own honeypot solutions and analyze real attacks. 0321108957B08282002
Accuracy of the Gaussian Point Spread Function model in 2D localization microscopy (2010)

The gaussian function is simple and easy to implement as Point Spread Function (PSF) model for fitting the position of fluorescent emitters in localization microscopy. Despite its attractiveness the appropriateness of the gaussian is questionable as it is not based on the laws of optics. Here we study the effect of emission dipole orientation in conjunction with optical aberrations on the localization accuracy of position estimators based on a gaussian model PSF. Simulated image spots, calculated with all effects of high numerical aperture, interfaces between media, polarization, dipole orientation and aberrations taken into account, were fitted with a gaussian PSF based Maximum Likelihood Estimator. For freely rotating dipole emitters it is found that the gaussian works fine. The same, theoretically optimum, localization accuracy is found as if the true PSF were a gaussian, even for aberrations within the usual tolerance limit of high-end optical imaging systems such as microscopes (Marechal's diffraction limit). For emitters with a fixed dipole orientation this is not the case. Localization errors are found that reach up to 40 nm for typical system parameters and aberration levels at the diffraction limit. These are systematic errors that are independent of the total photon count in the image. The gaussian function is therefore inappropriate, and more sophisticated PSF models are a practical necessity.
Synthesis, Herbicidal Evaluation, and Structure‐Activity Relationship of Benzophenone Oxime Ether Derivatives (2015)

A novel series of benzophenone oxime ether derivatives with tertiary amine groups were synthesized and their herbicidal activities of 24 compounds against Oryza sativa, Sorghum sudanense, Brassica chinensis , and Amaranthus mangostanus L. were also evaluated. Most of these compounds exhibited significant inhibitory effect on root growth at 20 ppm. Based on the herbicidal activity data, computational Three‐Dimensional Quantitative Structure‐Activity Relationship (3D‐QSAR) analysis and molecular docking were undertaken. CoMFA contour maps were generated for the design of benzophenone oxime ether analogues with enhancing activity.
EUKARYOTIC CYTOSINE METHYLTRANSFERASES (2005)

Large-genome eukaryotes use heritable cytosine methylation to silence promoters, especially those associated with transposons and imprinted genes. Cytosine methylation does not reinforce or replace ancestral gene regulation pathways but instead endows methylated genomes with the ability to repress specific promoters in a manner that is buffered against changes in the internal and external environment. Recent studies have shown that the targeting of de novo methylation depends on multiple inputs; these include the interaction of repeated sequences, local states of histone lysine methylation, small RNAs and components of the RNAi pathway, and divergent and catalytically inert cytosine methyltransferase homologues that have acquired regulatory roles. There are multiple families of DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases in eukaryotes, and each family appears to be controlled by different regulatory inputs. Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, which regulate most aspects of gene expression, do not appear to be involved in the establishment or maintenance of genomic methylation patterns.
Chapter 5: Corporations (1961)

Sale of stock of corporation: Financial statements and acceleration clauses in agreement.Mergers and sales of businesses are occurring with increasing frequency.Grozier v. Post
Intestinal Interleukin-8 Concentration and Gene Expression in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1997)

The observed correlation between disease activity and expression of the IL-8 gene in active CD colitis but not in UC and the increased IL-8 protein concentrations in affected intestinal segments of IBD as compared with the non-inflamed IBS indicate a possible transient IL-8 gene expression or altered mRNA stability in UC and CD, as is well known for other cytokines, such as IL-2. If so, it may form the basis of new therapeutic regimens for IBD like IL-10.