gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells may induce T-cell anergy to alloantigen (1996)

Abstract Even if neoplastic cells express tumor associated antigens they still may fail to function as antigen presenting cells (APC) if they lack expression of one or more molecules critical for the induction of productive immunity. These cellular defects can be repaired by physiologic activation, transfection, or fusion of tumor cells with professional APC. Although such defects can be repaired, antitumor specific T cells may still fail to respond in vivo if they may have been tolerized. Here, human pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL) was used as a model to determine if primary human tumor cells can function as alloantigen presenting cells (alloAPC) or alternatively whether they induce anergy. In the present report, we show that pre-B cell ALL express alloantigen and adhesion molecules but uniformly lack B7–1 (CD80) and only a subset express B7–2 (CD86). Pre-B ALL cells are inefficient or ineffective alloAPC and those cases that lack expression of B7–1 and B7–2 also induce alloantigen specific T- cell unresponsiveness. Under these circumstances, T-cell unresponsiveness could be prevented by physiologic activation of tumor cells via CD40, cross-linking CD28, or signaling through the common gamma chain of the interleukin-2 receptor on T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that pre-B ALL may be incapable of inducing clinically significant T-cell-mediated antileukemia responses. This defect may be not only due to their inability to function as APC, but also due to their potential to induce tolerance. Attempts to induce clinically significant antitumor immune responses may then require not only mechanisms to repair the antigen presenting capacity of the tumor cells, but also reversal of tolerance.
Comparison between document-based, term-based and hybrid partitioning (2008)

Information retrieval (IR) systems for largescale data collections must build an index in order to provide efficient retrieval that meets the userpsilas needs. In distributed IR systems, query response time is affected by the way in which the data collection is partitioned across nodes. There are three types of collection partitioning; document-based partitioning (called the local index), term-based partitioning (called the global index) and hybrid partitioning. In this paper, we compare the three types of partitioning in terms of average query response time for a system with one broker and six other nodes. Our results showed that within our distributed IR system, the document-based and hybrid partitioning outperformed the term-based partitioning. However, unlike Xi et al. , we did not find that hybrid partitioning was any better than document-based partitioning in terms of average query response time.
Gene expression analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes from discordant sib-pairs with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder reveals points of convergence between genetic and functional genomic approaches (2005)

We performed global RNA transcript analysis and comprehensive gene group analysis of peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) RNA from two groups of matched sib-pairs that were discordant for either schizophrenia (n = 33 sib-pairs) or bipolar disorder (n = 5 sib-pairs). The pairs chosen for these analyses were selected from families with known patterns of genetic linkage (5q for schizophrenia and 6q for bipolar disorder). At the single gene level, we obtained lists of the transcripts with the most significant changes in expression and from these lists determined those with the highest degree of predictive power for classifying subjects according to diagnosis in these samples. At the gene group level, we comprehensively analyzed pairwise expression changes of more than 4,000 functional groups and cytogenetic locations, and present a novel method of displaying these data that we term "cytogenomic" mapping. Verification of selected changes in expression was performed using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Our results provide compelling evidence for the utility of analyzing PBL RNA for changes in expression in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Electronic publishing in librarianship and information science in Latin America ¿ a step towards development? (2008)

ing and indexing Latin American librarianship and information science journals A number of efforts were made to establish abstracting and indexing services in the librarianship and information science field in Argentina, Brazil and Spain during the 1970s and 1980s, but these made little impact and have generally been discontinued (Sabor 1977; Brito 1987; Rodriguez and Feria 1990; Bustamante 1990; Zielinski 1995). The adoption of a collaborative model has underpinned the only index to journal articles on librarianship and information science from or about Latin America that has survived. INFOBILA was initiated in 1986 by the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Bibliotecologicas (UNAM-CUIB), based on formally agreed collaboration with a network of partners which at present covers thirteen countries in addition to Mexico: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Panama, Peru, Republica Dominicana, Uruguay and Venezuela. Even in INFOBILA there appear to be deficiencies in the coverage of the region's librarianship and information science journals. It is largely reliant on the partner institutions to provide abstracts of journals published in their countries, which should have enabled it to cover 80%-90% of the region's professional output. In fact, although it has indexed papers taken from nearly 200 journals and newsletters, only 128 were published in Spanish or Portuguese, and not all of the latter are primarily information and library science journals.
MDMA enhances emotional empathy and prosocial behavior (2013)

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') releases serotonin and norepinephrine. MDMA is reported to produce empathogenic and prosocial feelings. It is unknown whether MDMA in fact alters empathic concern and prosocial behavior. We investigated the acute effects of MDMA using the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET), dynamic Face Emotion Recognition Task (FERT) and Social Value Orientation (SVO) test. We also assessed effects of MDMA on plasma levels of hormones involved in social behavior using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, random-order, cross-over design in 32 healthy volunteers (16 women). MDMA enhanced explicit and implicit emotional empathy in the MET and increased prosocial behavior in the SVO test in men. MDMA did not alter cognitive empathy in the MET but impaired the identification of negative emotions, including fearful, angry and sad faces, in the FERT, particularly in women. MDMA increased plasma levels of cortisol and prolactin, which are markers of serotonergic and noradrenergic activity, and of oxytocin, which has been associated with prosocial behavior. In summary, MDMA sex-specifically altered the recognition of emotions, emotional empathy and prosociality. These effects likely enhance sociability when MDMA is used recreationally and may be useful when MDMA is administered in conjunction with psychotherapy in patients with social dysfunction or post-traumatic stress disorder.
Reelin-mediated Signaling Locally Regulates Protein Kinase B/Akt and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (2002)

Reelin is a large secreted protein that controls cortical layering by signaling through the very low density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein E receptor 2, thereby inducing tyrosine phosphorylation of the adaptor protein Disabled-1 (Dab1) and suppressing tau phosphorylation in vivo. Here we show that binding of Reelin to these receptors stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, resulting in activation of protein kinase B and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. We present genetic evidence that this cascade is dependent on apolipoprotein E receptor 2, very low density lipoprotein receptor, and Dab1. Reelin-signaling components are enriched in axonal growth cones, where tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1 is increased in response to Reelin. These findings suggest that Reelin-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in neuronal growth cones contributes to final neuron positioning in the mammalian brain by local modulation of protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta kinase activities.
Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of some ester progenitors of methyldopa (1978)

A variety of esters of methyldopa was synthesized with the objective of obtaining derivatives that would be more efficiently absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract than the free amino acid and would undergo conversion to methyldopa readily in the blood or target tissues. Two of the esters, alpha-pivaloyloxyethyl (4u) and alpha-succinimidoethyl (4w), were found to be more potent antihypertensive agents than methyldopa in animal models and were selected for further study in man. The amino esters were prepared by three different methods, including direct esterification of methyldopa without the use of N- or O-protecting groups.
Long-term oral administration of L-arginine reduces intimal thickening and enhances neoendothelium-dependent acetylcholine-induced relaxation after arterial injury. (1994)

Our results demonstrate that L-arginine, a precursor of NO, reduces neointimal thickening after balloon denudation and improves neoendothelial-dependent acetylcholine-induced relaxation.
110x110 optical mode transfer matrix inversion (2013)

The largest complete mode transfer matrix of a fiber is measured consisting of 110 spatial and polarization modes. This matrix is then inverted and the pattern required to produce a desired output at the receiver are launched at the transmitter.
Identification of a cDNA encoding a novel C18‐Δ9 polyunsaturated fatty acid‐specific elongating activity from the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐producing microalga, Isochrysis galbana1 (2001)

Isochrysis galbana, a marine prymnesiophyte microalga, is rich in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, Delta(4,7,10,13,16,19)). We used a polymerase chain reaction-based strategy to isolate a cDNA, designated IgASE1, encoding a polyunsaturated fatty acid-elongating activity from I. galbana. The coding region of 263 amino acids predicts a protein of 30 kDa that shares only limited homology to animal and fungal proteins with elongating activity. Functional analysis of IgASE1, by expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was used to determine its activity and substrate specificity. Transformed yeast cells specifically elongated the C18-Delta(9) polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (C18:2n-6, Delta(9,12)) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3, Delta(9,12,15)), to eicosadienoic acid (C20:2n-6, Delta(11,14)) and eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n-3, Delta(11,14,17)), respectively. To our knowledge this is the first time such an elongating activity has been functionally characterised. The results also suggest that a major route for eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, Delta(5,8,11,14,17)) and docosahexaenoic acid syntheses in I. galbana may involve a Delta(8) desaturation pathway.
Clinical differences between the newer antiarrhythmic agents. (2000)

In the light of studies demonstrating the serious safety problems of antiarrhythmic agents with class I activity, research and development efforts have focused largely on drugs with a class III mechanism of action. Most of the newer agents target the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current (I(Kr)). In the case of dofetilide, the mechanism of action is relatively pure, with single I(Kr) channel blocking activity. Other agents have a wider spectrum of activity. Azimilide blocks both the rapid I(Kr) and slow I(Ks) potassium currents and ibutilide also augments the inward sodium current. Clinical investigation of these agents has shown them to be effective antiarrhythmic drugs with a number of advantages over existing agents, particularly in terms of safety. Dronedarone and tedisamil also have multichannel blocking actions and are in earlier stages of clinical development. Until now, therapeutic choices have been limited and far from ideal. It is hoped that the availability of the newer class III agents will at least provide greater choice of therapy and hopefully will bring us closer to therapeutic ideals in the management of arrhythmia.
Assessment and Management of Atlantic and Gulf Menhaden Stocks (2021)

The organization of coastwide management programs for Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, and Gulf menhaden, B. patronus, are described. Recent assessments of the status of the Atlantic and Gulf menhaden stocks are summarized. Estimates of population size and fishing mortalities are obtained from virtual population analysis, and are used in determining spawner-recruit relationships, spawning stock ratios, yield-per-recruit, and surplus production. Management issues are addressed in the framework of assessment results.
Sequential Finite Element Model of Tissue Electropermeabilization (2005)

Permeabilization, when observed on a tissue level, is a dynamic process resulting from changes in membrane permeability when exposing biological cells to external electric field (E). In this paper we present a sequential finite element model of E distribution in tissue which considers local changes in tissue conductivity due to permeabilization. These changes affect the pattern of the field distribution during the high voltage pulse application. The presented model consists of a sequence of static models (steps), which describe E distribution at discrete time intervals during tissue permeabilization and in this way present the dynamics of electropermeabilization. The tissue conductivity for each static model in a sequence is determined based on E distribution from the previous step by considering a sigmoid dependency between specific conductivity and E intensity. Such a dependency was determined by parameter estimation on a set of current measurements, obtained by in vivo experiments. Another set of measurements was used for model validation. All experiments were performed on rabbit liver tissue with inserted needle electrodes. Model validation was carried out in four different ways: 1) by comparing reversibly permeabilized tissue computed by the model and the reversibly permeabilized area of tissue as obtained in the experiments; 2) by comparing the area of irreversibly permeabilized tissue computed by the model and the area where tissue necrosis was observed in experiments; 3) through the comparison of total current at the end of pulse and computed current in the last step of sequential electropermeabilization model; 4) by comparing total current during the first pulse and current computed in consecutive steps of a modeling sequence. The presented permeabilization model presents the first approach of describing the course of permeabilization on tissue level. Despite some approximations (ohmic tissue behavior) the model can predict the permeabilized volume of tissue, when exposed to electrical treatment. Therefore, the most important contribution and novelty of the model is its potentiality to be used as a tool for determining parameters for effective tissue permeabilization.
Joint decoding of stereo JPEG image Pairs (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of joint decoding of stereo JPEG image pairs. Such images typically contain a high degree of redundancy. Predictive coding could efficiently capture this redundancy, but cameras would have to implement proprietary encoding solutions in this case as no such standard technology is available. We propose to rather use the popular JPEG compression tools in the cameras, and focus on the joint decoding problem for quality enhancement. We formulate this as a constrained optimization problem and show how regularization leads to more consistent results. It is similar to a distributed source coding framework, where the exploitation of the correlation at the decoder permits to save on the overall bandwidth. Experiments on natural stereo images show an improvement in both visual quality and PSNR when compared to separate decoding.
Charged surface residues of FKBP12 participate in formation of the FKBP12-FK506-calcineurin complex. (1992)

The mechanism of FK506 immunosuppression has been proposed to proceed by formation of a tight-binding complex with the intracellular 12-kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP12). The FK506-FKBP12 complex then acts as a specific high-affinity inhibitor of the intracellular protein phosphatase PP2B (calcineurin), interrupting downstream dephosphorylation events required for T-cell activation. Site-directed mutagenesis of many of the surface residues of FKBP12 has no significant effect on its affinity for calcineurin. We have identified, however, three FKBP12 surface residues (Asp-37, Arg-42, and His-87) proximal to a solvent-exposed segment of bound FK506 that may be direct contacts in the calcineurin complex. Site-directed mutagenesis of two of these residues decreases the affinity of FKBP12-FK506 for calcineurin (Ki) from 6 nM for wild-type FKBP12 to 3.7 microM for a R42K/H87V double mutant, without affecting the peptidylprolyl isomerase activity or FK506 affinity of the mutant protein. These FKBP12 mutations along with several substitutions on FK506 known to affect calcineurin binding form a roughly 100-A2 region of the FKBP12-FK506 complex surface that is likely to be within the calcineurin binding site.
Assessment of the Embryonic Stem Cell Test and application and use in the pharmaceutical industry (2008)

The assay as currently constructed has a significant false-positive rate (approximately 40%), but a very low false-negative rate (approximately 7%). Additional moderate- and high-risk compounds need to be assessed to increase confidence, accuracy, and understanding in the EST's predictivity.
Analysis of an antibody pharmaceutical, tocilizumab, by capillary electrophoresis using a carboxylated capillary (2008)

Antibody pharmaceuticals are becoming more and more prevalent due to their excellent effectiveness in clinical medications, and are expected to allow tailor-made medical treatment for rheumatic diseases, immunosuppression in cardiac transplantation, and cancer. Antibody-type pharmaceuticals of immunoglobulin G (IgG) commonly have N-glycosylated carbohydrate chains attached to heavy chains. The carbohydrate chains play important roles in the effectiveness of antibodies. Therefore evaluation of a glycosylated species is important in the first step of quality control of antibody pharmaceuticals. In the present work, we examined capillary electrophoresis with a newly developed, chemically modified capillary, the inner surface of which is modified with carboxyl groups, for evaluation of IgG molecular species which have carbohydrate chains; tocilizumab was used as a model. The analytical system developed in the present study is useful for determining the content of non-glycosylated peptides. In the analysis of tocilizumab, the ratio of non-glycosylated peptide was estimated to be 1.23% with a relative standard deviation of 3.05%. The method affords high reproducibility with simple operation, and analysis can be completed within 6 min.
Using data from social media websites to inspire the design of assistive technology (2016)

The rapid accumulation of user generated content on the Internet provides researchers with abundant information to extract knowledge from. It also provides HCI and accessibility practitioners with a new direction to explore and understand users requirements beyond traditional approaches. In my work, I create a tool that consists of both text-mining and machining learning methods to extract essential focuses of design out of the data collected from social networks. This tool can be used at the initial stage of a product design life-cycle by designers to collect key design aspects at a fairly low cost.
Structural Basis for the Platelet-Collagen Interaction (2006)

Collagen-related peptide is a selective agonist for the platelet collagen receptor Glycoprotein VI. The triple helical peptide contains ten GPO triplets/strand (single letter amino acid nomenclature, where O is hydroxyproline) and so over-represents GPO compared with native collagen sequence. To investigate the ability of Glycoprotein VI to recognize GPO triplets in a setting more representative of the collagens, we synthesized a set of triple helical peptides containing fewer GPO triplets, varying their number and spacing within an inert (GPP)n backbone. The adhesion of recombinant human Glycoprotein VI ectodo-main, like that of human platelets, to these peptides increased with their GPO content, and platelet adhesion was abolished by the specific anti-Glycoprotein VI-blocking antibody, 10B12. Platelet aggregation and protein tyrosine phosphorylation were induced only by cross-linked peptides and only those that contained two or more GPO triplets. Such peptides were less potent than cross-linked collagen-related peptide. Our data suggest that both the sequences GPOGPO and GPO.........GPO represent functional Glycoprotein VI recognition motifs within collagen. Furthermore, we propose that the (GPO)4 motif can support simultaneous binding of two glycoprotein VI molecules, in either a parallel or anti-parallel stacking arrangement, which could play an important role in activation of signaling.
Use of a novel array detector for the direct analysis of solid samples by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma sector-field mass spectrometry*1 (2004)

The use of laser ablation (LA) as a sample-introduction method for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) creates a powerful tool for trace elemental analysis. With this type of instrument, high analyte spatial resolution is possible in three dimensions with ng/g limits of detection and minimal sample consumption. Here, simultaneous detection is used to eliminate the correlated noise that plagues the ablation process. This benefit allows analyses to be performed with single laser pulses, resulting in improved depth resolution, even less sample consumption, and improved measurement precision. The new instrument includes an LA sample-introduction system coupled to an ICP ionization source and a Mattauch-Herzog mass spectrograph (MHMS) fitted with a novel array detector. With this instrument, absolute limits of detection are in the tens to hundreds of fg regime and isotope-ratio precision is better than 0.02% RSD with a one-hour integration period. Finally, depth-profile analysis has been performed with a depth resolution of 5 nm per ablation event.
Structural glass transitions and thermophysical processes in amorphous carbohydrates and their supersaturated solutions (1995)

The nature of the thermophysical changes occurring during the heating of vitrified, water-soluble materials is re-examined, with emphasis on a comparison between freeze-concentrated and freeze-dried sucrose solutions.Two relaxation processes, commonly observed in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating scans of frozen solutions and of anhydrous amorphous sugars are assigned to a structural glass transition, Tg(reversible) and a real-time softening process, Ts(irreversible), respectively. Results from DSC experiments on quench-frozen, slow-frozen (maximally freeze-concentrated) and freeze-dried sucrose solutions and on fructose quenched from the melt are compared, and the observed behaviour is accounted for on the basis of the above assignments. The interpretations differ in some respects from those reported in the past by others and ourselves. They constitute what we now believe to be an improved understanding of the relaxation processes in the systems under study, particularly because of the closely analogous behaviour displayed by one-component (sugar), homogeneous, and two-component (sugar–water), heterogeneous systems. An optimum freeze-drying protocol is developed, based on a knowledge of the composition dependence of Tg and Ts.