gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Port function based modeling and control of an autonomously variable spring to suppress self-excited vibrations while drilling (2017)

Self-excited vibrations are a major problem for rotary drilling. They may be mitigated by introducing adjustable compliance near the bottom of the drillstring, but it is challenging to identify the appropriate stiffness, particularly in situ and with limited available data on the rapidly-changing overall system dynamics. We describe an approach to modeling and simulating self-excited vibrations in drillstrings. Our approach uses impedance and admittance port functions to represent and systematically combine subsystems, and integrates established models for drillstring vibrations and rock / bit interactions. Simulations predict that intermediate stiffnesses provide better stability than either compliant or stiff extremes, which aligns with results from earlier work. Results also indicate that at least two different mechanisms limit stability in different stiffness regimes, producing significant differences in the relationship between vibration frequency and controlled module stiffness. This suggests a potential means of developing autonomous stiffness controllers that depend only on measurements taken at the variable stiffness module, without requiring a dynamic model of the rest of the drillstring.
Volatile constituents of Vietnamese pummelo, orange, tangerine and lime peel oils (2002)

Abstract The compositions of Vietnamese pummelo ( Citrus grandis Osbeck), orange ( C. sinensis Osbeck), tangerine ( C. reticulata Blanco var. tangerine) and lime ( C. limonia Osbeck) peel oil samples have been investigated by GC and GC–MS. The essential oils were extracted by the cold‐pressing method. Hydrocarbons, followed by aldehydes and alcohols, were the most abundant compounds in all four kinds of samples. Their percentages, respectively, were &gt;98.7%, &gt;97.6%, &gt;98.6% and &gt;95.4% in hydrocarbons; &gt;0.3%, 0.4%, &gt;0.3% and 1.1% in total aldehydes; 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.4% and 0.7% in alcohols. In Vietnamese pummelo oil, γ‐terpinene was not detected, while terpinolene was detected in small amounts and nootkatone only at a level of &lt;0.05%. Orange oil composition was comparable to that of other sweet orange oils. δ‐3‐Carene was detected at a level of 0.1%. Tangerine oil is easily distinguished from other citrus oils by its content of various aliphatic aldehydes. Lime oil presented a very different composition from the other oils studied. Its limonene content was substantially lower than that of pummelo, orange and tangerine oils, whereas γ‐terpinene, β‐pinene and α‐pinene occurred in higher proportions, moreover, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fraction of this oil is qualitatively more complex and quantitatively more abundant than in the other oils. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: malignant proliferation of T-regulatory cells (2004)

Studies in an in vitro model of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) demonstrated that CTCL cell proliferation is stimulated by direct contact with autologous, immature dendritic cells (DCs), suggesting that CD4(+) CTCL cell division is driven by antigens presented by DC major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 2. We now report that the T-cell receptor (TCR) of the CD4(+) CTCL cells is triggered after interaction with DCs loaded with apoptotic CTCL cells, as shown by reduced membrane expression of CD3 and the TCR, up-regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and calcium mobilization. CTCL cells adopt a T-regulatory (Treg) phenotype expressing CD25/CTLA-4 and FoxP3 and secreting interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Treg CTCL cells suppress normal T-cell antigen-driven secretion of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Blocking DC MHC class 2 expression or transport inhibited CTCL cell adoption of a Treg phenotype. Allogeneic CTCL cells or normal CD4 T cells served as sources of apoptotic material for CTCL cell conversion to a Treg phenotype. Conversion of CTCL cells to Treg cells may explain the anergic, immunosuppressive nature of the malignancy.
Inductively Heated Shape Memory Polymer for the Magnetic Actuation of Medical Devices (2005)

Abstract—Presently, there is interest in making medical devices such as expandable stents and intravascular microactuators from shape memory polymer (SMP). One of the key challenges in re-alizing SMP medical devices is the implementation of a safe and effective method of thermally actuating various device geometries in vivo. A novel scheme of actuation by Curie-thermoregulated in-ductive heating is presented. Prototype medical devices made from SMP loaded with nickel zinc ferrite ferromagnetic particles were actuated in air by applying an alternating magnetic field to induce heating. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was performed on both the particle-loaded and neat SMP materials to assess the im-pact of the ferrite particles on the mechanical properties of the samples. Calorimetry was used to quantify the rate of heat genera-tion as a function of particle size and volumetric loading of ferrite particles in the SMP. These tests demonstrated the feasibility of SMP actuation by inductive heating. Rapid and uniform heating was achieved in complex device geometries and particle loading up to 10 % volume content did not interfere with the shape recovery of the SMP. Index Terms—Curie temperature, inductive heating magnetic particle, medical device, shape memory polymer (SMP). I.
Angiotensin II and Renal Fibrosis (2001)

Angiotensin (Ang) II, the main peptide of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), is a renal growth factor, inducing hyperplasia/hypertrophy depending on the cell type. This vasoactive peptide activates mesangial and tubular cells and interstitial fibroblasts, increasing the expression and synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. Some of these effects seem to be mediated by the release of other growth factors, such as TGF-beta. In experimental models of kidney damage, renal RAS activation, cell proliferation, and upregulation of growth factors and matrix production were described. In some of these models, blockade of Ang II actions by ACE inhibitors and angiotensin type 1 (AT(1)) antagonists prevents proteinuria, gene expression upregulation, and fibrosis, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration. Interestingly, Ang II could also be involved in the fibrotic process because of its behavior as a proinflammatory cytokine, participating in various steps of the inflammatory response: Ang II (1) activates mononuclear cells and (2) increases proinflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nuclear factor kappaB). Finally, Ang II also regulates matrix degradation. These data show that drugs controlling this complex vasoactive peptide are probably one of the best ways of avoiding fibrosis in progressive renal diseases.
Enhanced active dynamic balancing of the planar robots using a three-rotating-bar balancer (2016)

The concept of full compensation against the resultant shaking forces and moments for arbitrary robots using a single active dynamic balancing mechanism is first addressed. And the application principle and general balancing conditions of the active dynamic balancing mechanism are presented. With the purpose of providing detailed description of these problems, a compact planar 3-degree-of-freedom active dynamic balancing mechanism is proposed. The active balancer is composed of three independent rotating bars with their respective actuators. The rotations of the three bars could change their center of gravity positions and then generate balancing forces for the unbalanced robots. Moreover, the changing of the angular acceleration of the bars can also generate a dynamic torque to balance the shaking moment. In order to present more detail of the balancing theory, the structure and kinematic and dynamic analysis of the proposed balancing mechanism are given. Finally, numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed three-rotating-bar balancer.
Urinary incontinence in women and men. (2001)

Urinary incontinence is one of the top 10 chronic health conditions in the United States and affects the lives of 13 million Americans. Although common in both men and women, it is a gender-specific condition whose lifetime distribution, incidence, and etiology differ between the two sexes. Recent advances in health care, along with the increasing aging of the population, create a demand for the treatment of urinary incontinence. This article reviews the currently available treatment options, many of which vary inter- and intra-gender.
Automatic Extraction of Protein Interactions from Scientific Abstracts (1999)

This paper motivates the use of Information Extraction (IE) for gathering data on protein interactions, describes the customization of an existing IE system, SRI's Highlight, for this task and presents the results of an experiment on unseen Medline abstracts which show that customization to a new domain can be fast, reliable and cost-effective.
Biaryl Product Formation from Cross-coupling in Palladiumcatalyzed Borylation of a Boc Protected Aminobromoquinoline Compound (2004)

The palladium catalyzed borylation of a Boc protected aminobromoquinoline compound with bis(pinacolato)diboron yielded a biaryl compound, resulting from cross coupling, as the major product, instead of the intended boronate, even though no strong base was used. Such results indicate that under certain conditions and with certain substrates, cross coupling can be a major problem during borylation, leading to unintended consequences.
Design of electrode array for impedance measurement of lesions in arteries (2005)

Use of impedance catheters can provide additional information about the composition and the morphology of early plaques in arteries. However, for a correct interpretation of the impedance data recorded inside a vessel, the extra-vessel conditions should not influence the measurement results. In this paper, we estimate the influence of the extra-vessel conditions on the impedance measurement of a vessel wall by using FEM simulation and a two-layer model. Therefore sensitivity fields are simulated. The simulations are validated by experiments and compared to analytical solutions. Further, the influence of the inner radius of a vessel on the measurement result is determined by FEM simulations. From experiments based on the two-layer model, it is found that the apparent resistance depends on the thickness of the first layer and the separation distance of the electrode structure. The measured result corresponds to the results of the FEM simulations, whereas the analytical solution assuming point electrodes is different from the measurement and simulation results. Under the assumption of homogenous and linear volume conductors, the FEM simulated distributions of sensitivity fields are determined. The inner diameter of the artery has no influence on the measurement results. The FEM simulation can support the design of electrode configuration and geometries for impedance catheters.
Prying Open the Door to the Tobacco Industry's Secrets About Nicotine (1998)

In 1994 the state of Minnesota filed suit against the tobacco industry. This trial is now history, but its legacy will carry on into the 21st century because of the revelations contained in the millions of pages of previously secret internal tobacco industry documents made public in the trial. In this article, we review representative documents relating to nicotine addiction, low-tar, low-nicotine cigarettes, and cigarette design and nicotine manipulation in cigarette manufacture. These documents reveal that for decades, the industry knew and internally acknowledged that nicotine is an addictive drug and cigarettes are the ultimate nicotine delivery device; that nicotine addiction can be perpetuated and even enhanced through cigarette design alterations and manipulations; and that "health-conscious" smokers could be captured by low-tar, low-nicotine products, all the while ensuring the marketplace viability of their products. Appreciation of tobacco industry strategies over the past decades is essential to formulate an appropriate legislative and public policy response. We propose key elements for such legislation and urge no legal or financial immunity for the tobacco industry.
Preparation and Reductive Cyclization of Some Carbon-Alkylated Derivatives of Ethyl 3-Nitro-2-thienylpyruvate1 (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Reductive Cyclization of Some Carbon-Alkylated Derivatives of Ethyl 3-Nitro-2-thienylpyruvate1Alan N. Scott, Bernard E. Hoogenboom, and H. R. SnyderCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 8, 2165–2168Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01031a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01031a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota (2007)

Antibiotic administration is known to cause short-term disturbances in the microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract, but the potential long-term consequences have not been well studied. The aims of this study were to analyse the long-term impact of a 7-day clindamycin treatment on the faecal microbiota and to simultaneously monitor the ecological stability of the microbiota in a control group as a baseline for reference. Faecal samples from four clindamycin-exposed and four control subjects were collected at nine different time points over 2 years. Using a polyphasic approach, we observed highly significant disturbances in the bacterial community that persisted throughout the sampling period. In particular, a sharp decline in the clonal diversity of Bacteroides isolates, as assessed by repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and long-term persistence of highly resistant clones were found as a direct response to the antibiotic exposure. The Bacteroides community never returned to its original composition during the study period as assessed using the molecular fingerprinting technique, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Furthermore, using real-time PCR we found a dramatic and persistent increase in levels of specific resistance genes in DNA extracted from the faeces after clindamycin administration. The temporal variations in the microbiota of the control group were minor compared to the large and persistent shift seen in the exposed group. These results demonstrate that long after the selection pressure from a short antibiotic exposure has been removed, there are still persistent long term impacts on the human intestinal microbiota that remain for up to 2 years post-treatment.
A comparison among tapentadol tamper‐resistant formulations (TRF) and OxyContin® (non‐TRF) in prescription opioid abusers (2013)

Tamper-resistant formulations of taptentadol (pain relief) tablets do not appear to be well-liked by individuals who tamper regularly with extended-release oxycodone tablets. Employing tamper-resistant technology may be a promising approach towards reducing the abuse potential of tapentadol extended-release.
Antimetabolites of pantothenic acid, ureido- and carbamoyl-derivatives. (1975)

Pantothenic acid analogs have been synthesized that contain alkyl and/or arylureido and carbamate functions in the beta-alanyl portion of the amide moiety of the vitamin. The analogs are inhibitory to growth of lactic acid bacteria at concentrations as low as 0.6 mug/ml, and the inhibitions are competitively reversed by supplements of pantothenic acid. The carbamate derivatives are more toxic to growth of Lactobacillus plantarum 8014 and Pediococcus cerevisiae 8042 than the ureido analogs, and chloro-substitutents on the aryl group significantly increase the toxicity of the analogs.
Intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin induces discrete local changes in cerebral glucose utilization in rats (1994)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether or not cerebral glucose utilization is changed locally after damage of the neuronal insulin receptor by means of intracerebroventricular (icv) streptozotocin (STZ) administered in a subdiabetogenic dosage (1.5 mg/kg bw.). STZ was administered at the start of the study, and 2 and 21 days later bilaterally into the cerebral ventricles in rats of a mean age of 18 months. The local distribution of cerebral glucose utilization was analyzed in conscious rats on the 42nd day after the first STZ injection using the quantitative (14C)-2-deoxyglucose method. Of the 35 brain structures investigated from autoradiograms of brain sections, 17 showed a reduction in glucose utilization. Decreases in glucose utilization were observed in the frontal, parietal, sensory motor, auditory and entorhinal cortex and in all hippocampal subfields. In contrast, glucose utilization was increased in two white matter structures. The decrease in cerebral glucose utilization observed in cortical and hippocampal areas in the present study may correspond to changes in morphobiological parameters which have been found in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The present data are in accordance with the hypothesis that an impairment in the control of neuronal glucose metabolism at the insulin receptor site may exist in sporadic dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT), and can be studied by the icv STZ animal model.
Canine SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020)

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan in December 2019 and has caused the pandemic respiratory disease, COVID-19. Following what is presumed to be an initial zoonotic transmission event, the virus is now spreading efficient in humans. Very little is known about the susceptibility of domestic mammals kept as pets to this virus. Samples were collected over a 13-day period from a 17 year-old neutered male Pomeranian in Hong Kong SA that was taken into isolation after two members of the household tested positive for the virus. Nasal swabs were consistently positive on the five occasions the dog was tested using quantitative RT- PCR with viral loads between 7.5xE2 to 2.6 x10E4 RNA copies per mL of sample. The dog remained asymptomatic. Cultures attempted on three RT-PCR positive nasal samples were negative. Gene sequences from samples from two household members were identical. The viral sequence from the dog differed at three nucleotide positions; two of these resulted in amino acid changes but their significance is yet to be determined. Seroconversion was not detected but this was expected given the asymptomatic infection and low virus load. The evidence suggests that this is an instance of human-to-animal transmission of SARS-COV-2. It is likely that we could see similar events in other infected households. We do not have information yet on whether this virus can cause illness in dogs but no specific signs were seen in this dog. Whether infected dogs could transmit the virus to other animals or back to humans remains unknown. In this case it did not appear to have occurred.
Identification of Isopentenol Biosynthetic Genes from Bacillus subtilis by a Screening Method Based on Isoprenoid Precursor Toxicity (2007)

We have developed a novel method to clone terpene synthase genes. This method relies on the inherent toxicity of the prenyl diphosphate precursors to terpenes, which resulted in a reduced-growth phenotype. When these precursors were consumed by a terpene synthase, normal growth was restored. We have demonstrated that this method is capable of enriching a population of engineered Escherichia coli for those clones that express the sesquiterpene-producing amorphadiene synthase. In addition, we enriched a library of genomic DNA from the isoprene-producing bacterium Bacillus subtilis strain 6,051 in E. coli engineered to produce elevated levels of isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. The selection resulted in the discovery of two genes (yhfR and nudF) whose protein products acted directly on the prenyl diphosphate precursors and produced isopentenol. Expression of nudF in E. coli engineered with the mevalonate-based isopentenyl pyrophosphate biosynthetic pathway resulted in the production of isopentenol.
Clonogenicity of circulating neuroblastoma cells: implications regarding peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (1994)

Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are being used as an alternative to autologous marrow rescue for hematopoietic reconstitution after high-dose chemotherapy in patients with neuroblastoma and other solid malignancies. Use of PBSCs is preferred by some because of the belief that there is less risk of tumor contamination. Because tumor stem cell contamination is thought to be one contributing cause of relapse after myeloablative therapy and autologous reconstitution, we examined the potential risk of reinfusing circulating neuroblastoma cells by in vitro evaluation of their clonogenicity. Immunocytologic and tumor cell clonogenic analyses were performed on 74 blood samples obtained from 56 children with advanced-stage neuroblastoma. Concurrently drawn bone marrow specimens were evaluated in 30 instances. Circulating neoplastic cells were detected in 19 of 74 (26%) for all specimens and by immunologic techniques (26%). Using a clonogenic assay, 13 grew identifiable tumor colonies. Comparing results with the two techniques showed tumor colony growth in 10 of the 19 positive specimens by immunocytology. However, 3 of 53 samples (6%) that were negative by immunocytology were positive by the clonogenic assay. Of the 11 positive blood samples, 9 concurrent marrows contained neuroblastoma cells; of the 19 negative blood specimens, 3 concurrent marrows had metastatic disease. We conclude that circulating neuroblastoma cells are present in peripheral blood and have clonogenic properties in vitro. This supports the view that tumor cell contamination may well be one cause of relapse after autologous reconstitution. Consequently, PBSC collections should also undergo meticulous monitoring for tumor contamination before autologous reinfusion.
A View-Dependent Metric for Patch-Based LOD Generation 8 Selection (2018)

With hardware tessellation, highly detailed geometric models are decomposed into patches whose tessellation factor can be specified dynamically and independently at render time to control polygon resolution. Yet, to achieve maximum efficiency, an appropriate factor needs to be selected for each patch according to its content (geometry and appearance) and the current viewpoint distance and orientation. We propose a novel patch-based error metric that addresses this problem. It summarizes both the geometrical error and the texture parametrization deviation of a simplified patch compared to the corresponding detailed surface. This metric is compact and can be efficiently evaluated on the GPU along any view direction. Furthermore, based on this metric, we devise an easy-to-implement refitting optimization that further reduces the simplification error of any decimation algorithm, and propose a new placement strategy and cost function for edge-collapses to reach the best quality/performances trade-off.