gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring anti-complement therapeutics (2002)

Complement is a core component of the immune system, which performs vital roles in immune surveillance. However, the active products that enable complement to perform its physiological roles can inappropriately target self tissues and cause pathology. Complement-mediated inflammation and tissue destruction is an important drive to pathology in diseases as diverse as rheumatoid arthritis and dementia. Two decades ago there were no agents that could be used therapeutically to inhibit the activation of complement, but increased understanding of the natural control of complement in vivo has markedly changed this situation. The realization that drugs mimicking the action of the complement regulatory proteins present on self cells, and in plasma, could effectively control pathological activation of complement has opened the door to the use of anti-complement therapy in disease. Here we will review the development of anticomplement therapeutics from the first generation agents, which are unmodified recombinant forms of natural regulators, to recent strategies for making better drugs. We will describe strategies for targeting the anticomplement activity to the site of disease, and for extending the plasma half-life of the agent. Finally, we will illustrate a novel approach to the delivery of anticomplement agents, making prodrugs that are activated only at disease sites thus minimizing the deleterious effects of systemic complement inhibition.
Stable expression of rabies virus glycoprotein in Chinese hamster ovary cells (1991)

The rabies virus glycoprotein (G protein) has several important functions and is a major antigenic stimulus of the host immune system following rabies virus infection or vaccination. We developed a model system for studying the role of N-linked glycosylation in the intracellular transport and antigenicity of this molecule. The full-length cDNA of the G protein of the ERA strain of rabies virus was inserted into the eukaryotic shuttle vector pSG5 and then stably transfected into wild-type Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and mutant CHO cell lines defective in glycosylation. Transfected wild-type CHO cells expressed the G protein (detected by immunofluorescence) on the cell surface in a manner similar to rabies virus-infected cells. The transfected wild-type CHO cells were shown by immunoprecipitation to produce a protein of 67K that comigrated with the fully glycosylated G protein isolated from virus-infected cells or purified virions. Treatment of the transfected cell lines with tunicamycin completely blocked surface expression and resulted in the intracellular accumulation of the G protein, suggesting that the presence of N-linked oligosaccharides is important for transport of this glycoprotein to the plasma membrane. The G protein cDNA was also expressed in the lectin-resistant CHO cell lines Lec 1, Lec 2 and Lec 8. In these cells initial N-linked glycosylation does occur, but later steps in processing of the oligosaccharides are blocked. In each case, the G protein was expressed on the surface of lectin-resistant CHO cells in a similar manner to expression on wild-type CHO cells. This suggests that various different N-linked oligosaccharide structures support intracellular transport of this glycoprotein. Thus, stably transfected CHO cell lines will provide a useful model system for further studies of the role of N-linked glycosylation in trafficking and antigenicity of the rabies virus G protein.
Induction of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in human myeloid leukemia cells by 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. (1991)

The present results demonstrate that treatment of human U-937 myeloid leukemia cells with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) is associated with DNA fragmentation at multiples of approximately 200 base pairs. The extent of ara-C-induced DNA fragmentation was dependent on drug concentration and time of exposure. This pattern of internucleosomal DNA cleavage has been observed during programmed cell death and was associated in the present studies with loss of clonogenic survival. The results also demonstrate that the c-jun protooncogene is induced by ara-C during periods of DNA cleavage. These findings suggest that ara-C activates a program involving both oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation and changes in early response gene expression.
Analysis of the interaction of monoclonal antibodies with surface IgM on neoplastic B-cells (1999)

In vitro studies identified three Burkitts lymphoma cell lines, Ramos, MUTU-I and Daudi, that were growth inhibited by anti-IgM antibody. However, only Ramos and MUTU-I were sensitive to monoclonal antibodies (mAb) recognizing the Fc region of surface IgM (anti-Fc mu). Experiments using anti-Fc mu mAb (single or non-crossblocking pairs), polyclonal anti-mu Ab, and hyper-crosslinking with a secondary layer of Ab, showed that growth inhibition of B-cell lines was highly dependent on the extent of IgM crosslinking. This was confirmed by using Fab', F(ab')2 and F(ab')3 derivatives from anti-Fc mu mAb, where increasing valency caused corresponding increases in growth arrest and apoptosis, presumably as a result of more efficient BCR-crosslinking on the cell surface. The ability of a single mAb to induce growth arrest was highly dependent on epitope specificity, with mAb specific for the Fc region (C mu2-C mu4 domains) being much more effective than those recognizing the Fab region (anti-L chain, anti-Id and anti-Fd mu, or C mu1). Only when hyper-crosslinked with polyclonal anti-mouse IgG did the latter result in appreciable growth inhibition. Binding studies showed that these differences in function were not related to differences in the affinity, but probably related to intrinsic crosslinking capacity of mAb.
Remote Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Activation of the Surfaces of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polyethylene Naphthalate (2008)

The surfaces of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) were treated with an atmospheric-pressure oxygen and helium plasma. Changes in the energy, adhesion, and chemical composition of the surfaces were determined by contact angle measurements, mechanical pull tests, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surface-energy calculations revealed that after plasma treatment the polarity of PET and PEN increased 6 and 10 times, respectively. In addition, adhesive bond strengths were enhanced by up to 7 times. For PET and PEN, XPS revealed an 18-29% decrease in the area of the C 1s peak at 285 eV, which is attributable to the aromatic carbon atoms. The C 1s peak area due to ester carbon atoms increased by 11 and 24% for PET and PEN, respectively, while the C 1s peak area resulting from C-O species increased by about 5% for both polymers. These results indicate that oxygen atoms generated in the plasma rapidly oxidize the aromatic rings on the polymer chains. The Langmuir adsorption rate constants for oxidizing the polymer surfaces were 15.6 and 4.6 s(-1) for PET and PEN, respectively.
High-precision pointing and attitude estimation and control algorithms for hardware-constrained spacecraft (2014)

Thesis: Sc. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014.
Cleavage of Apolipoprotein E by Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Abrogates Suppression of Cell Proliferation (2005)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) in a human fetal brain cDNA library was identified, using the expression cloning method, as a gene product that formed a complex with latent matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. Co-expression of membrane-type MMP-1 (MT1-MMP) with apoE in HEK293T cells reduced the amount of apoE secreted into the culture medium, whereas cell-associated apoE core protein was not affected. Incubation of native apoE protein with recombinant MT1-MMP resulted in the cleavage of apoE. Recombinant apoE protein fused to glutathione S-transferase (apoE-GST) was cleaved by MT1-MMP at the following peptide bonds; T(85)-M(86), K(93)-S(94), R(246)-L(247), A(255)-E(256) and G(296)-L(297). HT1080 cells transfected with the apoE gene, which express endogenous MT1-MMP, secreted a low level of apoE protein and its cleaved fragments, and treatment with MMP inhibitor BB94 induced accumulation of apoE and retardation of cell proliferation. Addition of apoE-GST protein to the culture of HEK293T cells suppressed cell proliferation, and stable transfection of the MT1-MMP gene partly abrogated the suppression. These results suggest that cleavage of apoE protein by MT1-MMP abrogates apoE-mediated suppression of cell proliferation.
In Situ Colorimetric Analysis of Electrochromic Polymers and Devices (2000)

We report a colorimetric method for the in situ study of electrochromic polymers based on the CIE system of colorimetry. This method is useful for the comparison of the electrochemical and optical properties of conjugated polymers, and for gaining control of the color of dual polymer electrochromic devices. Twelve electrochromic polymers were investigated using in situ colorimetric analysis in order to define their CIE coordinates and electrochemical potential windows. By controlling the electron density and steric interactions along conjugated polymer backbones, we have developed a set of electrochromic polymers that provides colors throughout the full range of color space. The applicability of the method is illustrated with a model dual polymer device based on poly(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl(biphenyl)) (PBEDOT-BP) and poly(3,6-bis(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl)-N-methylcarbazole) (PBEDOT-NMeCz). This device yields green/brown colors (L* = 48, a* = 0, b* = 20 and L* = 44, a* = 6, b* = 26) interesting for earthtone and natural vegetation chameleon materials when the charge states of the two polymers are reversed. This technique is a convenient method for reproducibly fine-tuning the color of electrochromic materials, while reducing trial and error in the process of electrochromic device development.
Interleukin 6 Mediates the Therapeutic Effects of Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury (2014)

Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have anti-inflammatory as well as immunosuppressive activities and are currently the focus of clinical trials for a number of inflammatory diseases. Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory condition of the lung for which standard treatment is mainly supportive due to lack of effective therapies. Our recent studies have demonstrated the ability of both human ASCs (hASCs) and mouse ASCs (mASCs) to attenuate lung damage and inflammation in a rodent model of lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI, suggesting that ASCs may also be beneficial in treating ALI. To better understand how ASCs may act in ALI and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved in ASC modulation of lung inflammation, gene expression analysis was performed in ASC-treated (hASCs or mASCs) and control sham-treated lungs. The results revealed a dramatic difference between the expression of anti-inflammatory molecules by hASCs and mASCs. These data show that the beneficial effects of hASCs and mASCs in ALI may result from the production of different paracrine factors. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) expression in the mASC-treated lungs was significantly elevated as compared to sham-treated controls 20 hours after delivery of the cells by oropharyngeal aspiration. Knockdown of IL-6 expression in mASCs by RNA interference abrogated most of their therapeutic effects, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory properties of mASCs in ALI are explained, at least in part, by activation of IL-6 secretion.
The reactions of an N-sulfonylamine inner salt (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe reactions of an N-sulfonylamine inner saltGeorge M. Atkins Jr. and Edward M. BurgessCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 17, 4744–4745Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01019a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01019a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4271Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and direct renin inhibitors in combination: a review of their role after the ONTARGET trial (2009)

ACE inhibitor/ARB combinations showed equivocal effects on clinical outcomes. DRI/ACE inhibitor and DRI/ARB combinations reduced markers of organ damage, but longer-term trials are required to establish whether more complete renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system control with aliskiren-based therapy translates into improved outcome benefits.
Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Metastatic Prostate Cancer in the Post-Docetaxel Setting (2011)

Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer and the second leading cause of death from cancer in men in most western countries. Advanced prostate cancer is typically sensitive to androgen-deprivation therapy, but invariably progresses to the castration-resistant state. Most current prostate cancer treatments are based on cytotoxicity directed against tumor cells via androgen-deprivation therapy or chemotherapy. Chemotherapy with docetaxel represents the standard first-line treatment in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Following progression after treatment with docetaxel, cabazitaxel (XRP6258)-prednisone treatment leads to a significantly longer overall survival (OS) time than with mitoxantrone-prednisone. Several other novel agents are currently being evaluated, including sipuleucel-T, abiraterone acetate, and MDV3100, as well as the radionuclide alpharadin. The cell-based immunotherapy sipuleucel-T produces longer OS times in chemotherapy-naïve patients, whereas the androgen biosynthesis inhibitor abiraterone acetate results in longer OS times following docetaxel. It is envisioned that these agents will change the standard of care for patients with metastatic CRPC. This review focuses on the clinical development of cabazitaxel and abiraterone acetate.
Characterization of the human 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptor. (1992)

We report the cloning of a human gene encoding the 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptor. The receptor has the characteristics of a G-protein-linked receptor and is most homologous to the human 5-HT1D receptor. This human 5-HT receptor gene, most abundantly expressed in striatum, is localized on chromosome 6, at 6q13, and the gene encoding the 5-HT1D receptor is localized on chromosome 1. Radioligand studies indicate that the affinity of [3H]5-HT is 16 +/- 2 nM. Drug competition studies indicate that the receptor displays high affinity (i.e. less than 40 nM) for 5-HT, 5-carboxyamidotryptamine, methiothepin, and metergoline.
Locations of adenovirus genes required for the replication of adenovirus-associated virus. (1981)

We have used DNA transfection to identify several regions of the adenovirus genome needed to induce replication of the defective parvovirus, adenovirus-associated virus (AAV). Previous studies have indicated that only early adenovirus functions are needed to aid the replication of AAV. In this report, we demonstrate that three restriction endonuclease fragments of adenovirus DNA are necessary for production of infectious AAV in 293-31 cells (an adenovirus type 5-transformed human embryonic kidney cell line). These fragments map from 28.5 to 29.4, 59.5 to 75.9, and 89.7 to 100 map units on the adenovirus type 2 genome and correspond to the locations of the VAI RNA gene, early region 2, and early region 4, respectively. The 293-31 cell line, which has been found to express early region 1A and 1B proteins, alone is incapable of supporting AAV replication or even AAV DNA synthesis. Additional experiments with adenovirus type 5 host range mutants (group I, hr1 and group II, hr7) indicate, however, that early region 1A provides an essential function(s) for AAV replication, whereas early region 1B probably does not.
Cell surface antigen of encapsulated Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 31432 (1987)

The cell surface antigen (CSA) from encapsulated Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 31432 was isolated and fractionated by DEAE-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatography. It yielded a single precipitin line against rabbit antiserum and was composed of galactose, glucosamine, and two (so far) unidentified carbohydrates linked to a protein backbone. Glycerol could not be detected. In an experimental mouse infection, CSA showed some protective activities, enhancing the stimulation of granulocytes as well as the immunoglobulin M response. Apparently, CSA is different from teichoic acid.
Functional Tissue Engineering of Articular Cartilage Through Dynamic Loading of Chondrocyte-Seeded Agarose Gels (2000)

Due to its avascular nature, articular cartilage exhibits a very limited capacity to regenerate and to repair. Although much of the tissue-engineered cartilage in existence has been successful in mimicking the morphological and biochemical appearance of hyaline cartilage, it is generally mechanically inferior to the natural tissue. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the application of dynamic deformational loading at physiological strain levels enhances chondrocyte matrix elaboration in cell-seeded agarose scaffolds to produce a more functional engineered tissue construct than in free swelling controls. A custom-designed bioreactor was used to load cell-seeded agarose disks dynamically in unconfined compression with a peak-to-peak compressive strain amplitude of 10 percent, at a frequency of 1 Hz, 3 x (1 hour on, 1 hour off)/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Results demonstrated that dynamically loaded disks yielded a sixfold increase in the equilibrium aggregate modulus over free swelling controls after 28 days of loading (100 +/- 16 kPa versus 15 +/- 8 kPa, p < 0.0001). This represented a 21-fold increase over the equilibrium modulus of day 0 (4.8 +/- 2.3 kPa). Sulfated glycosaminoglycan content and hydroxyproline content was also found to be greater in dynamically loaded disks compared to free swelling controls at day 21 (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.002, respectively).
Optical waveguide sensor for on-line monitoring of bacteria (2003)

A grating-coupled planar optical waveguide sensor is presented for sensing of bacteria by evanescent waves. The waveguide design results in increased depth of penetration into the sample volume, which makes it suitable for detecting micrometer-sized biological objects. We tested the sensor's performance by monitoring the adhesion of Escherichia coli K12 cells to the sensor surface.
The major outer membrane protein of a single Chlamydia trachomatis serovar can possess more than one serovar-specific epitope (1996)

The major outer membrane proteins (MOMPs) of human Chlamydia trachomatis serovars exhibit four regions of variable amino acid sequences (VS1 to VS4) harboring serovar-specific B-cell epitopes. Antibody responses to these epitopes may contribute to acquired protection against human chlamydial infection. MOMP B-cell epitopes defined by 22 different serovar-specific or bispecific murine monoclonal antibodies were localized with synthetic peptides representing the four VS regions of seven genital serovars (D, Da, E, F, G, H, and K). Serovar F possessed two distinct serovar-specific epitopes, located in VS2 and VS4, while serovar K possessed three distinct serovar-specific epitopes, located in VS1, VS2, and VS4. Serovar D- and serovar Da-specific epitopes were located in VS1. Regardless of whether the serovar was from the B (serovars D, Da, and E), C (serovars H and K), or F-G (serovars F and G) serogroup, all serovar-specific epitopes were found in three discrete subgroups of MOMPs. These subregions comprised all central portion of VS1, residues 70 to 77; the amino-terminal half of VS2, residues 139 to 149; and the carboxyl-terminal third of VS4, residues 305 to 315. Monoclonal antibodies to each of these subregions neutralized infectivity in standard HaK cell culture assays. These findings are relevant to the development of an MOMP or MOMP subunit vaccine.
Battery energy storage for frequency regulation in an island power system (1993)

Large battery energy storage (BES) facilities may provide significant dynamic operation benefits for electric utilities. One area in which a BES facility could be useful is the frequency regulation requirement. This feature is significantly important for island power systems. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the effects of a 30 MW battery on the frequency regulation in the Israeli isolated power system. The study was performed on a single area model representing the whole power system and containing a first order transfer function that represented the BES performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The VerIFAST: an integrated method for cell isolation and extracellular/intracellular staining (2012)

Isolation and characterization of a specific subset of cells from a large heterogeneous population is necessary for studying rare subpopulations of cells. Existing methods require transfer or wash steps that risk causing loss of the rare cell population of interest. Integrated methods reduce loss, making these methods especially useful for reliable isolation of rare cell populations. In this report, we demonstrate the VerIFAST, a device that builds upon the simplified workflow of the Immiscible Filtration Assisted by Surface Tension (IFAST) to integrate a method for cellular isolation with methods for extra- and intracellular staining. First, a front-end purification step allows cells and unwanted particulates to passively settle out of the operational path of the paramagnetic particles, resulting in good efficiency of capture (>80%) and purity (>70%) with a single virtual wall traverse. Second, a Sieve Chamber is used downstream of the isolation chamber that removes excess unbound paramagnetic particles (PMPs) and performs complex multi-step washing procedures without centrifugation or transfer steps. Further, cellular staining can be performed in the device and is demonstrated for extracellular epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), intracellular pan-cytokeratins, and Ki-67.
An edge-based heuristic for Steiner routing (1994)

A new approximation heuristic for finding a rectilinear Steiner tree of a set of nodes is presented. It starts with a rectilinear minimum spanning tree of the nodes and repeatedly connects a node to the nearest point on the rectangular layout of an edge, removing the longest edge of the loop thus formed. A simple implementation of the heuristic using conventional data structures is compared with previously existing algorithms. The performance (i.e., quality of the route produced) of our algorithm is as good as the best reported algorithm, while the running time is an order of magnitude better than that of this best algorithm. It is also shown that the asymptotic time complexity for the algorithm can be improved to O(n log n), where n is the number of points in the set.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>