gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning, expression, and functional characterization of the Dunaliella salina 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene in Escherichia coli. (2007)

5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase, EC 2.5.1.19) is the sixth enzyme in the shikimate pathway which is essential for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids and many secondary metabolites. The enzyme is widely involved in glyphosate tolerant transgenic plants because it is the primary target of the nonselective herbicide glyphosate. In this study, the Dunaliella salina EPSP synthase gene was cloned by RT-PCR approach. It contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 514 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 54.6 KDa. The derived amino acid sequence showed high homology with other EPSP synthases. The Dunaliella salina EPSP synthase gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant EPSP synthase were identified by functional complementation assay.
Rationale for Immunotoxin Therapy of Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma Formatted as a Multi-Stage Delivery System (1989)

A family of triple hybridomas secreting hybrid monoclonal antibodies has been developed in our laboratory. The hybrid monoclonal antibodies exhibit bimolecular specificity towards both antigenic determinants on the prostate carcinoma cell surface as well as toxin or toxic moieties (ricin A chain and pokeweed antiviral protein). These hybrid antibodies, when bound univalently to their cognate toxin, constitute the primary reagents responsible for selective in vitro prostate carcinoma cell kill; oncolytic impact is achieved by binding of the hybrid antibody-toxin complex (primary hybrid immunotoxin) to a prostate carcinoma cell surface-expressed antigen by the remaining univalent binding site of the hybrid antibody, allowing access of the toxin to the cytosol by internalization of the hybrid antibody-toxin complex. Internalization by endocytosis of a hybrid antibody-toxic subunit has been strikingly enhanced by the use of secondary monoclonal antibody reagents alone or in conjunction with other biomodifier reagents. For example, use of a second monoclonal antibody specific for ricin A chain to which ricin B chain (binding subunit) is chemically coupled results in selective and synergistic cell kill of targeted cancer cells. In vitro studies involving temporally staggered exposure of the cells to the individual components (primary hybrid antibody, toxin, and secondary antitoxin monoclonal antibody biomodifier) have been performed in a manner allowing maintenance of cytotoxic efficacy. It is concluded that sequential administration of these immunotherapeutic components, individually nontoxic, is a feasible strategy to develop an effective immunotherapeutic treatment of human prostate carcinoma.
Poly(propylene carbonate). 1. More about Poly(propylene carbonate) Formed from the Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Employing a Zinc Glutarate Catalyst (2002)

Propylene oxide, PO, reacts when heated to 60 °C over a zinc glutarate catalyst to form poly(propylene oxide), PPO, which is regioregular, HTHTHT, and favors isotactic triads ii. Under 50 bar of CO2, poly(propylene carbonate), PPC, is formed with less than 5% polyether linkages and with an even smaller component of propylene carbonate, PC. These reactions have been studied as a function of time, and the products have been analyzed by GPC, MALDI−TOF/MS, and 13C {1H} NMR spectroscopy. Polymerization of PO yields PPO with −OH and −H end groups, and in the copolymerization of PO and CO2 the low molecular weight chains are readily identified as an alternating copolymer represented as (PO)n-alt-(CO2)m, where m = n − 1, n − 2, n − 3, n − 4, n − 5, with terminal −OH and −H groups. These results, combined with NMR data, implicate Zn−OH groups as the active initiating species, and furthermore from the molecular weight of the polymer produced at short reaction times, we can infer that some Zn−OH sites are highly active in producing long-chain polymers. The 13C {1H} NMR spectra of PPC formed from rac-PO, 50:50 S-PO + rac-PO, and S-PO reveal the preferential formation of HT junctions in the ring-opening of PO by the alkyl carbonate with a HH:HT:TT ratio of 1:3:1. Certain assignments at the diad, triad, and tetrad levels are offered.
ACTH-(4-10) through gamma-MSH: evidence for a new class of central autonomic nervous system-regulating peptides (1989)

Examination of the cardiovascular effects produced by peripheral administration of peptide sequences derived from adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) led to the discovery of the pressor, cardioaccelerator, and natriuretic actions of intravenous (iv) ACTH-(4-10). Based on pharmacological studies in rats with alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, the cardiovascular effects of this peptide appeared to be mediated by the release of catecholamines. A peptide sequence analogous to ACTH-(4-10), gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (gamma-MSH), possesses greater than 100-fold more cardiovascular activity and 1,000-fold more natriuretic activity than ACTH-(4-10). The pressor effect of iv gamma-MSH peptides appears to be dependent on the maintenance of preganglionic sympathetic drive, with no significant contribution of circulating vasopressin or angiotensin II. However, the presence of central vasopressinergic, and perhaps angiotensinergic, pathways appears to be crucial for expression of the full pressor effect of circulating gamma-MSH. Further evidence for the potential importance of the central nervous system (CNS) in these cardiovascular effects was obtained from central lesion experiments and a comparison of intracarotid vs. intrajugular infusions. Structure-activity studies suggested that the cardiovascular effects of ACTH-(4-10) or gamma-MSH are dependent on an Arg-hydrophobic amino acid sequence, located at or near their COOH-terminal. A similar requirement for biological activity is found in molluscan cardioexcitatory peptides, and the molluscan peptides have cardiovascular effects in rats, which resemble ACTH-(4-10) or gamma-MSH. This suggests that peptides of the gamma-MSH family are the pharmacological analogues, and perhaps the physiological homologues, of a cardioexcitatory family of peptides found in molluscs and birds. Elevated circulating levels of peptides derived from the NH2-terminal of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) have been found in psychological stress, cardiovascular distress, and hemorrhage. Increases in central sympathetic drive are common to all of these states. gamma-MSH peptides have been localized to POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus and nucleus commissuralis of the rat. Projections from the latter nucleus innervate hindbrain vasomotor centers. Intraventricular administration of gamma-MSH produces prolonged elevation of mean arterial pressure. gamma-MSH peptides may provide a link between humoral and neurogenic mechanisms in cardiovascular regulation and could potentially be important neurotransmitters for central control of the cardiovascular system.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation by a synthetic muramyl dipeptide analog (1982)

N alpha-(N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl)-N epsilon -stearoyl-L-lysine, a synthetic derivative of muramyl dipeptide, stimulated the chemotactic mobility, phagocytic activity, and superoxide anion (O2-) productivity of peritoneal polymorphonuclear cells in mice. The chemotactic mobility of both cells preincubated with the adjuvant in vitro and those derived from the mice previously treated with the adjuvant was significantly enhanced. The phagocytic activity of cells preincubated in vitro with the adjuvant was also enhanced transiently, and that of the cells derived from the mice treated subcutaneously with the adjuvant 24 h before intraperitoneal inoculation with Escherichia coli was significantly greater than that of cells from the mice given phosphate-buffered saline instead of the adjuvant. The release of O2- from the cells derived from the adjuvant-treated mice was also greater than that from the cells of untreated control mice. However, the exposure of the cells derived from untreated mice to the adjuvant in vitro did not stimulate O2- generation by the cells.
A Content Analysis of Popular Magazine Articles on Eating Disorders (2006)

This study tested two hypotheses about popular magazine articles on eating disorders: (a) anorexics would be profiled more often than bulimics due to their conformity to the thin beauty ideal projected in the Western media, and (b) disordered behaviors used to achieve weight loss would be mentioned more often than their physical consequences. Forty-two popular magazine articles on eating disorders published in the last five years were coded for illness type, mention of weight loss, disordered behaviors, and health impacts. The findings confirmed both hypotheses.
JC Polyomavirus (JCV) and Monoclonal Antibodies: Friends or Potential Foes? (2013)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), observed in immunodeficient patients and caused by JC virus ((JCV), also called JC polyomavirus (JCPyV)). After the HIV pandemic and the introduction of immunomodulatory therapy, the PML incidence significantly increased. The correlation between the use of natalizumab, a drug used in multiple sclerosis (MS), and the PML development of particular relevance. The high incidence of PML in natalizumab-treated patients has highlighted the importance of two factors: the need of PML risk stratification among natalizumab-treated patients and the need of effective therapeutic options. In this review, we discuss these two needs under the light of the major viral models of PML etiopathogenesis.
Abnormal liver function in malnourished patients receiving total parenteral nutrition: a prospective randomized study. (1990)

A prospective study was performed in clinically malnourished patients in which liver function was tested during a 4-week period of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The purpose was to determine if concomitant intravenous lipid administration would reduce liver function abnormalities noted to occur frequently in patients receiving TPN. Twenty-five patients were randomly assigned to receive either daily infusions of 200 cc of a 20% lipid emulsion with TPN or TPN without lipid for the first week. In the subsequent 3 weeks all patients received daily intravenous lipid. The early lipid treatment group received 0.7 g lipid/kg BW/day and approximately 280 mg of choline/day from the lecithin emulsifier throughout the entire study period. Liver function tests were performed twice in the first week, then weekly thereafter. There were significant (p less than 0.05) elevations in liver function tests in the early lipid treatment group (for aspartate aminotransferase in weeks 1, 2, and 3, and lactic acid dehydrogenase in weeks 2 and 3). Alkaline phosphatase activity was elevated at weeks 2, 3, and 4 for the lipid-treatment group and at week 1 for the lipid-restricted group. The two groups had a similar elevation in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. Analysis of covariance demonstrated that the overall duration of TPN, and not the presence or absence of intravenous lipid, was significantly related to the elevations in both alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels. In contrast, the early intravenous administration of lipid was significantly related to the increase in aspartate aminotransferase levels. The peak increase in AST was noted at day 7 in the lipid-administration group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A classification scheme for annotating speech acts in a business email corpus (2013)

This paper reports on the process of manual annotation of speech acts in a corpus&#13;\nof business emails, in the context of the PROBE project (PRagmatics of&#13;\nBusiness English). The project aims to bring together corpus, computational,&#13;\nand theoretical linguistics by drawing on the insights made available by the&#13;\nannotated corpus. The corpus data sheds light on the linguistic and discourse&#13;\nstructures of speech act use in business email communication. This enhanced&#13;\nlinguistic description can be compared to theoretical linguistic representations&#13;\nof speech act categories to assess how well traditional distinctions relate to&#13;\nreal-world, naturally occurring data. From a computational perspective, the&#13;\nannotated data is required for the development of an automated speech act tagging&#13;\ntool. Central to this research is the creation of a high quality, manually&#13;\nannotated speech act corpus, using an easily interpretable classification&#13;\nscheme. We discuss the scheme chosen for the project and the training guidelines&#13;\ngiven to the annotators, and describe the main challenges identified by the&#13;\nannotators.
Anticoccidial Activity of Some Azacyclo Organoborinates (2003)

A series of new azacyclo organoborinates derivatives of piperidinyl and pyridinyl alcohols with anticoccidial activity in vivo assay system in battery trials are described.Parameters of anticoccidial efficacy that were evaluated were body weight, lesion scores and number of oocysts.Among them, di(4-chlorophenyl)(2-piperidinylmethoxy-O,N)boron,and di(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)(2-pyridinylethoxy-O,N)boron showed good anticoccidial activity against both of the important parasite, Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina Coccidiosis is an infectious disease caused by protozoan belonging to coccidium.Poultry is mainly infected with E. tenella and E. aceruvulina and E. necatrix, and suffers from various troubles such as bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract, mortality, growth inhibition, and so forth.Poultry includes chickens, turkeys, quails and ducks.Mass outbreak of avian cocciodiosis in a commercial poultry farm imparts an extremely great loss to an owner and has often become a serious problem. 1 Accordingly, the development of an anticoccidial drug, which is effective for prevention, and remedy of cocciodiosis have drawn a keen attention of those concerned in the art.Conventionally, sulfanilamides, 2 nitrofurans, 3 quinolines, 4 antithiamines, 5 and benzamides 6 have been put into practical application as the anticoccidial drug, and polyether-based antibiotics 7 have been used mainly at present.However, these compounds have the drawbacks in that, although their efficacy against coccidiosis is not very high, they are toxic to hosts.Moreover resistant strain
KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH WILMS' TUMOR (1992)

We report our experience of renal transplantation in three patients treated for Wilms' tumor (with lung metastasis in two of them), and review 26 previously reported cases in order to define the current indications of transplantation in this setting. Our patients, aged 5-12 years, were transplanted 13-95 months after completion of Wilms' tumor treatment. All three are alive and tumor-free, two with a functioning graft 20 and 97 months after transplantation. Two findings emerge from the review of the literature. First, posttransplant mortality is influenced by the delay between completion of tumor treatment and transplantation. Mortality reaches 79% when that delay is less than one year but falls to 27% when that delay exceeds one year. Second, the prognostic value of pretransplant metastasis depends on its location. All four patients with pretransplant abdominal metastasis died with active metastatic disease. By contrast, of three patients treated before transplantation for metastasis confined to the lung, two are alive and tumor free. We conclude that renal transplantation should be offered to patients successfully treated for Wilms' tumor for at least one year, even if the disease has been complicated by pulmonary metastasis. Several long-term survivors attest that the disease can be cured even under maintenance immunosuppression.
Metastatic Human Colonic Carcinoma: Molecular Imaging with Pretargeted SPECT and PET in a Mouse Model (2008)

Bispecific antibody pretargeting is highly specific for imaging micrometastatic disease and may thus provide a complementary method to (18)F-FDG at clinical examination.
A Novel Method for Automatic Identification of Breathing State (2019)

Sputum deposition blocks the airways of patients and leads to blood oxygen desaturation. Medical staff must periodically check the breathing state of intubated patients. This process increases staff workload. In this paper, we describe a system designed to acquire respiratory sounds from intubated subjects, extract the audio features, and classify these sounds to detect the presence of sputum. Our method uses 13 features extracted from the time-frequency spectrum of the respiratory sounds. To test our system, 220 respiratory sound samples were collected. Half of the samples were collected from patients with sputum present, and the remainder were collected from patients with no sputum present. Testing was performed based on ten-fold cross-validation. In the ten-fold cross-validation experiment, the logistic classifier identified breath sounds with sputum present with a sensitivity of 93.36% and a specificity of 93.36%. The feature extraction and classification methods are useful and reliable for sputum detection. This approach differs from waveform research and can provide a better visualization of sputum conditions. The proposed system can be used in the ICU to inform medical staff when sputum is present in a patient's trachea.
Possible mechanisms of type I collagen-induced vascular tube formation (1992)

1) The alpha 2 beta 1 integrin receptor plays a role in both endothelial cell attachment and the induction of tube formation by type I collagen. 2) Protein kinase C may be involved in collagen-induced tube formation.
Purification of Functionalized DNA Origami Nanostructures (2015)

The high programmability of DNA origami has provided tools for precise manipulation of matter at the nanoscale. This manipulation of matter opens up the possibility to arrange functional elements for a diverse range of applications that utilize the nanometer precision provided by these structures. However, the realization of functionalized DNA origami still suffers from imperfect production methods, in particular in the purification step, where excess material is separated from the desired functionalized DNA origami. In this article we demonstrate and optimize two purification methods that have not previously been applied to DNA origami. In addition, we provide a systematic study comparing the purification efficacy of these and five other commonly used purification methods. Three types of functionalized DNA origami were used as model systems in this study. DNA origami was patterned with either small molecules, antibodies, or larger proteins. With the results of our work we aim to provide a guideline in quality fabrication of various types of functionalized DNA origami and to provide a route for scalable production of these promising tools.
New techniques for multi-prototype waveform coding at 2.84 kb/s (2002)

The paper describes new techniques for prototype waveform (PW) coding at coding rates as low as 2.84 kb/s. The algorithm produces good communications quality speech with significant improvements over previously reported PW coding schemes. In multi-prototype waveform (MPW) coding, prototypes are extracted at 2.5 ms intervals. No distinction is necessary between voiced and unvoiced speech since the normalised LP residual prototypes are coded as a combination of a noise vector and smoothly evolving pitch pulse. At low bit rates it is unnecessary to explicitly code the underlying pulse shape-the relative magnitude of the rapidly evolving noise vectors is sufficient to describe the level of periodicity in each prototype. Prototypes are quantised using either an open or closed-loop scheme with similar results. Quantised prototypes are interpolated by continuous phase interpolation of Fourier coefficients in the discrete frequency domain.
Extended variances and autoregressive/moving average algorithm for the measurement and synthesis of oscillator phase noise (2003)

Two related aspects are discussed of the recent research work carried out at Portsmouth Polytechnic in the UK regarding numerical and digital techniques for the measurement and synthesis of phase noise in oscillators. The first aspect concerns the introduction of a statistical quantity termed extended Hadamard variance to be applied in frequency stability analysis by making use of digital frequency counter measurements. The properties, the potential interest and the usefulness of this parameter are briefly demonstrated and applied to the study of a signal from a synthesizer that is frequency-modulated by white noise followed by the frequency counter and signal processing. It is shown that not only the Hadamard variance but also the Allan variance and the extended two-sample variance are sets of this variance. The second aspect refers to modern requirements for numerical simulation of random noise, emulating phase or frequency fluctuations. The authors describe the autoregressive integrated moving average technique used to generate various types of random noise, including radio propagation FM noise, and the Monte Carlo approach to transform from one distribution to another.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mucosal Vaccination with Recombinantly Attenuated Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B and Protection in a Murine Model (2001)

Previous work in our laboratory revealed that mice parenterally vaccinated with recombinantly attenuated staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) or toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 develop protective antibodies against a lethal intraperitoneal (i.p.) toxin challenge. This study investigated the efficacy of nasal and oral immunizations with an SEB vaccine (SEBv) toward an i.p. or mucosal (via an aerosol) toxin challenge. Both vaccination routes, with the immunoadjuvant cholera toxin (CT), elicited comparable SEB-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG levels in saliva. Nasal or oral inoculations also generated SEB-specific IgA, IgG, and IgM in the serum, but the nasal route yielded higher specific IgG titers. SEBv alone, when given nasally or orally, did not induce any detectable SEB-specific antibody. Mice vaccinated mucosally were protected against a 50% lethal dose of wild-type SEB given i.p. or mucosally, thus demonstrating that nasal or oral administration of this SEBv, with CT, elicits systemic and mucosal antibodies to SEB that protect against SEB-induced lethal shock.
DNA Replicons for Plant Genome Engineering (2014)

Abstract Sequence-specific nucleases enable facile editing of higher eukaryotic genomic DNA; however, targeted modification of plant genomes remains challenging due to ineffective methods for delivering reagents for genome engineering to plant cells. Here, we use geminivirus-based replicons for transient expression of sequence-specific nucleases (zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator–like effector nucleases, and the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat/Cas system) and delivery of DNA repair templates. In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), replicons based on the bean yellow dwarf virus enhanced gene targeting frequencies one to two orders of magnitude over conventional Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA. In addition to the nuclease-mediated DNA double-strand breaks, gene targeting was promoted by replication of the repair template and pleiotropic activity of the geminivirus replication initiator proteins. We demonstrate the feasibility of using geminivirus replicons to generate plants with a desired DNA sequence modification. By adopting a general plant transformation method, plantlets with a desired DNA change were regenerated in &amp;lt;6 weeks. These results, in addition to the large host range of geminiviruses, advocate the use of replicons for plant genome engineering.