gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleChemical Redox Agents for Organometallic ChemistryNeil G. Connelly and William E. GeigerView Author Information School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0125 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 2, 877–910Publication Date (Web):March 28, 1996Publication History Received3 October 1995Revised9 January 1996Published online28 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr940053xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr940053xresearch-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89729Altmetric-Citations3552LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Oxidation,Reagents,Redox reactions,Salts,Solvents Get e-Alerts
An integrating analog-to-digital converter for differential transducers (1978)

An improved dual-slope analog-to-digital converter for measurements made with a pair of resistive or capacitive differential transducers is described. The converter can be contrasted with the conventional method in which the transducers are placed in a bridge, the bridge output is amplified, and the conversion is made. In the new converter the transducers are part of the integrator. As a result, conversion of the signal to a time interval takes place at an earlier stage, eliminating the bridge and the amplifier. The method has the same advantages as the dual-slope method and several additional ones. The fractional change in the transducers is obtained as the ratio of the difference and sum of two time periods. As a result, the converter does not need an accurate voltage reference. In addition, errors due to offset in the integrating amplifier are eliminated.
Ion-activated in situ gelling ophthalmic delivery systems of azithromycin (2011)

Gelation of pectin caused by divalent cations especially calcium ions has been applied to develop an ophthalmic formulation of azithromycin in the present study. Rapid elimination of drug on instillation into cul de sac would be minimal with in situ gelling ophthalmic solution leading to increased precorneal contact time and prolonged drug delivery. In the formulation development studies pectin was used in different concentrations (1-5% w/v) and different proportions of the hydrocolloids hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose of different grades of viscosity were used. The primary criteria for formulation optimization were gelling capacity and rheological behaviour. In addition, formulations were evaluated for pH, and antimicrobial efficacy and drug release. The clarity, pH, gelation in simulated tear fluid and rheological properties of the optimized formulations were satisfactory. The formulations inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus effectively in cup-plate method and were proved to be safe and non irritant on rabbit eyes. The results indicate that pectin based in situ gels can be successfully used to prolong the duration of action of azithromycin.
An analysis of mRNAs for a group of heat shock proteins of soybean using cloned cDNAs. (1982)

Hybridization studies carried out with poly(A)+ RNA and its corresponding cDNA showed the presence of a new highly abundant RNA class after heat shock (hs) at 40 degrees C in soybean hypocotyl compared to tissue incubated under normal conditions at 28 degrees C. cDNA clones complementary to RNAs of this class were isolated; eleven clones were characterized and used in the analysis of these abundant RNAs. The most abundant hs-sequences were found to be 800-900 nucleotides in length and present in about 19,000 copies per cell. Extensive sequence homology among hs-induced RNAs was indicated by cross-hybridization of cDNA clones and by common protein patterns generated in hybrid release translations. The existence of at least two different nucleotide sequences common to several different hs poly(A)+ mRNAs was documented by different, nonoverlapping protein patterns obtained by in vitro synthesis with hybrid selected RNAs. Four clones contained a sequence common to mRNAs for at least 13 proteins of 15,000-18,000 daltons; another sequence common to mRNA for three to four proteins of 21,000-23,000 daltons was selected by one clone. Two other clones selected a major hs-protein of about 18,000 daltons. The mRNAs of these low molecular weight hs-proteins accumulated rapidly after induction at either 40 degrees C or 42.5 degrees C and decreased rapidly during subsequent incubation at 28 degrees C.
Recursive estimation of facial expression and movement (1992)

The issue of analysis/synthesis of human facial movements in model-based facial image coding is addressed. An affine model which is especially suitable to such a type of nonrigid motion as facial expressions is set up. Based on the affine model, a direct two-view motion estimation approach is presented. This approach is much faster than other existing approaches. To remove the error-accumulation problem associated with long sequence motion estimation, a new scheme which is equipped with a feedback loop connecting computer vision and computer graphics is used. Experimental results show that the method not only greatly reduces the computational complexity but also substantially improves the estimation accuracy. The synthesized image sequence using the estimated motion parameters, a 3-D model of the face, and a frame of textured image looks very natural.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Improved diabetes control by using ‘close adjustment algorithms’ (2004)

Algorithms developed on the basis of self-monitored blood glucose levels are useful in determining the optimal dose of insulin and can improve glycemic control and lipid metabolism.
Chemical and biological properties of a new series of cis-diammineplatinum(II) antitumor agents containing three nitrogen donors: cis-[Pt(NH3)2(N-donor) Cl]+ (1989)

A series of 32 cationic platinum(II) complexes of the form cis-[PtA2(Am)Cl]+, where A is a monodentate (NH3 or i-PrNH2) or A2 is a bidentate (ethylenediamine or 1,2-diaminocyclohexane) amine and Am is either a heterocyclic amine based on a pyridine, pyrimidine, purine, piperidine, or a saturated amine (RNH2) ligand, was prepared and screened against in vivo murine tumor models. Each compound was tested against Sarcoma 180 ascites (S180a) in mice, with 20 members of the series showing activity (ILS greater than 50%). Antitumor activity also was demonstrated in 4 of 16 compounds tested in the L1210 murine leukemia model (ILS greater than 25%) and in 3 of 3 tested in the P388 murine leukemia model (ILS greater than 30%). The most active and potent analogues of the series were obtained when A was NH3 and Am was N1-pyridine, N1-4-methylpyridine, N1-4-bromopyridine, N1-4-chloropyridine, N3-cytosine, or N7-2'-deoxyguanosine. Complexes containing chelating and saturated amine ligands (A), as well as two trans isomers of active cis analogues (trans-[Pt(NH3)2(Am)Cl]+, where Am = N1-pyridine or N1-4-methylpyridine), were inactive in the S180a screen. All complexes were characterized by means of elemental analysis, HPLC, and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy, and the structure of one analogue, cis-[Pt(NH3)2(N3-cytosine)Cl](NO3), was determined by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. While members of this series of compounds demonstrate antitumor activity in vivo, these new agents are not classical analogues of cisplatin (i.e. cis-[PtA2X2] complexes), as they contain three nitrogen donors and only one leaving group. The results of these studies suggest that further work should be conducted to better define the limits of the structure-activity relationships among platinum(II) complexes.
A two-stage model for negative bias temperature instability (2009)

Based on the established properties of the most commonly observed defect in amorphous oxides, the E' center, we suggest a coupled two-stage model to explain the negative bias temperature instability. We show that a full model that includes the creation of E' centers from their neutral oxygen vacancy precursors and their ability to be repeatedly charged and discharged prior to total annealing is required to describe the first stage of degradation. In the second stage a positively charged E' center can trigger the depassivation of P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> centers at the Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface or K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> centers in oxynitrides to create an unpassivated silicon dangling bond. We evaluate the new model to experimental data obtained from three vastly different technologies (thick SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , SiON, and HK) and obtain very promising results.
α‐melanocyte–stimulating hormone suppresses bleomycin‐induced collagen synthesis and reduces tissue fibrosis in a mouse model of scleroderma: Melanocortin peptides as a novel treatment strategy for scleroderma? (2009)

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and related peptides that exert their effects via MC-1R may provide a novel antifibrogenic therapeutic tool for the treatment of fibrotic diseases such as scleroderma.
Gene expression profiling : methods and protocols (2004)

The transcription of messenger RNA from a DNA template is a key process in a wide variety of biological systems. In Gene Expression Profiling: Methods and Protocols, leaders in gene expression methodology and bioinformatics data analysis share their best methods for measuring RNA levels in cells and tissues. Each proven protocol is described in step-by-step detail and contains an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Special care has been taken to distill the basic underlying principles of each method to a few straightforward concepts so that investigators can easily choose the method most appropriate to their application. The readily reproducible techniques presented include new methods for applying the GeneChip, SAR-SAGE, StaRT-PCR, SSH, the Invader Assay, and ADGEM. The authors also provide critical bioinformatics insight and resources for data analysis and management. Cutting-edge and highly practical, Gene Expression Profiling: Methods and Protocols allows novice and experienced investigators alike not only to choose the best method to determine how genes are turned on and off in many different organisms, but also to use informatics resources to analyze and understand the results
Generation of ultraviolet light by frequency doubling of a red laser diode in a first-order periodically poled bulk LiTaO3 (1997)

Frequency doubling of a 684 nm laser diode in a first-order periodically poled LiTaO3 is presented. Controlling the side growth of the domain inverted region during high-voltage pulse application, a uniform nonlinear grating with a period of 1.7 μm and 50% duty cycle was fabricated over 10 mm interaction length in a 150 μm thick LiTaO3 substrate. A 342 nm wavelength of harmonic ultraviolet light was generated in a single pass through the domain-inverted structure.
Major impact of N-methylation on cytotoxicity and hydrolysis of salan Ti(IV) complexes: sterics and electronics are intertwined (2011)

A series of Ti(IV) complexes containing diamino bis(phenolato) "salan" type ligands with NH coordination were prepared, and their hydrolysis and cytotoxicity were analyzed and compared to the N-methylated analogues. Substituting methyl groups on the coordinative nitrogen donor of highly active and stable Ti(IV) salan complexes with H atoms has two main consequences: the hydrolysis rate increases and the cytotoxic activity diminishes. In addition, the small modification of a single replacement of Me with H leads to a different major hydrolysis product, where a dinuclear Ti(IV) complex with two bridging oxo ligands is obtained, as characterized by X-ray crystallography, rather than a trinuclear cluster. A partial hydrolysis product containing a single oxo bridge was also crystallographically analyzed. Investigation of a series of complexes with NH donors of different steric and electronic effects revealed that cytotoxicity may be restored by fine tuning these parameters even for complexes of low stability.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer and Its Tumor Microenvironment (2019)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling is one of the important cellular pathways that play key roles for tissue maintenance. In particular, it is important in the context of inflammation and tumorigenesis by modulating cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and homeostasis. TGF-β receptor type 2 (<i>TGFBR2</i>) mutations affected by a mismatch repair deficiency causes colorectal cancers (CRCs) with microsatellite instability, which is, however, associated with relatively better survival rates. On the other hand, loss of <i>SMAD4</i>, a transcription factor in the TGF-β superfamily signaling, promotes tumor progression. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 18 can case SMAD4-deficient CRC, which results in poorer patients' survival. Such bidirectional phenomenon driven by TGF-β signaling insufficiency reflects the complexity of this signaling pathway in CRC. Moreover, recent understanding of CRC at the molecular level (consensus molecular subtype classification) provides deep insight into the important roles of TGF-β signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Here we focus on the TGF-β signaling in CRC and its interaction with the tumor microenvironment. We summarize the molecular mechanisms of CRC tumorigenesis and progression caused by disruption of TGF-β signaling by cancer epithelial cells and host stromal cells.
Metabolic Shifts during Aging and Pathology (2015)

The heart is a very special organ in the body and has a high requirement for metabolism due to its constant workload. As a consequence, to provide a consistent and sufficient energy a high steady-state demand of metabolism is required by the heart. When delicately balanced mechanisms are changed by physiological or pathophysiological conditions, the whole system's homeostasis will be altered to a new balance, which contributes to the pathologic process. So it is no wonder that almost every heart disease is related to metabolic shift. Furthermore, aging is also found to be related to the reduction in mitochondrial function, insulin resistance, and dysregulated intracellular lipid metabolism. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as an energy sensor to detect intracellular ATP/AMP ratio and plays a pivotal role in intracellular adaptation to energy stress. During different pathology (like myocardial ischemia and hypertension), the activation of cardiac AMPK appears to be essential for repairing cardiomyocyte's function by accelerating ATP generation, attenuating ATP depletion, and protecting the myocardium against cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis. In this overview, we will talk about the normal heart's metabolism, how metabolic shifts during aging and different pathologies, and how AMPK regulates metabolic changes during these conditions.
Enhanced Aβ40 Deposition Was Associated with Increased Aβ42/43 in Cerebral Vasculature with Dutch‐Type Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis (HCHWA‐D) (2002)

Cerebrovascular deposition of the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) is a common pathologic event in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and certain related disorders. Such an Abeta vascular deposition occurs primarily in the medial layer of the cerebral vessel wall in an assembled fibrillar state. These deposits are associated with several pathological responses, including degeneration of the smooth muscle cells in the cerebral vessel wall. Severe cases of cerebrovascular Abeta deposition are also accompanied by loss of vessel wall integrity and hemorrhagic stroke. Although the reasons for this pathological consequence are unclear, altered proteolytic mechanisms within the cerebral vessel wall may be involved. We analyzed cerebral Abeta deposition in brains with AD and Dutch-type hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (HCHWA-D) on the basis of two amyloid species of Abeta(40) and Abeta(42/43) using specific monoclonal antibodies. Compared to Abeta deposition in senile plaques, the molecular composition of Abeta was distinguishable, indicating that the Abeta(40) species is the main component for vascular amyloid. Furthermore, we found Abeta(42/43) immunoreactivity was also much increased in amyloid angiopathy of all cases with HCHWA-D. Taken together, amyloid angiopathy in HCHWA-D may share an Abeta(42)-driven deposition mechanism with plaque amyloid, resulting in enhanced Abeta(40) deposition.
Activating and inhibitory IgG Fc receptors on human DCs mediate opposing functions (2005)

Human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) and circulating conventional DCs coexpress activating (CD32a) and inhibitory (CD32b) isoforms of IgG Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) II (CD32). The balance between these divergent receptors establishes a threshold of DC activation and enables immune complexes to mediate opposing effects on DC maturation and function. IFN-gamma most potently favors CD32a expression on immature DCs, whereas soluble antiinflammatory concentrations of monomeric IgG have the opposite effect. Ligation of CD32a leads to DC maturation, increased stimulation of allogeneic T cells, and enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, with the exception of IL-12p70. Coligation of CD32b limits activation through CD32a and hence reduces the immunogenicity of moDCs even for a strong stimulus like alloantigen. Targeting CD32b alone does not mature or activate DCs but rather maintains an immature state. Coexpression of activating and inhibitory FcgammaRs by DCs reveals a homeostatic checkpoint for inducing tolerance or immunity by immune complexes. These findings have important implications for understanding the pathophysiology of immune complex diseases and for optimizing the efficacy of therapeutic mAbs. The data also suggest novel strategies for targeting antigens to the activating or inhibitory FcgammaRs on human DCs to generate either antigen-specific immunity or tolerance.
Approaches to phoneme-based topic spotting: an experimental comparison (2002)

Topic spotting is often performed on the output of a large vocabulary recognizer or a keyword spotter. However, this requires detailed knowledge about the vocabulary, and transcribed training data. If portability to new topics and languages is important, then a topic spotter based on phoneme recognition is preferable. A phoneme recognizer is run on training data consisting of audio files labeled by topic alone-no word transcripts are required. Phoneme sub-sequences which help to predict the topic are then extracted automatically. The work described was carried out by two teams exploring three very different approaches to phoneme-based topic spotting: the "DP-ngram", the "decision tree", and the "Euclidean" approach. Results obtained by each team on the ARM (Airborne Reconnaissance Mission) and Switchboard data sets were compared by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The best performance for each team was obtained via a similar type of discriminative training.
Effects of Aging, Renal Dysfunction, Left Ventricular Systolic Impairment, and Weight on Steady State Pharmacokinetics of Perhexiline (2011)

A weight-adjusted starting dose may facilitate the safe and effective prescription of perhexiline and is calculated by 50 + 2 × weight (kg) mg/d, rounded to the closest 50 mg/day.
Human Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells Express HLA-G and Show Unique Resistance to NK Cell-Mediated Killing (2015)

Parent-of-origin imprints have been implicated in the regulation of neural differentiation and brain development. Previously we have shown that, despite the lack of a paternal genome, human parthenogenetic (PG) embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can form proliferating neural stem cells (NSCs) that are capable of differentiation into physiologically functional neurons while maintaining allele-specific expression of imprinted genes. Since biparental ("normal") hESC-derived NSCs (N NSCs) are targeted by immune cells, we characterized the immunogenicity of PG NSCs. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry revealed that both N NSCs and PG NSCs exhibited surface expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I but not HLA-DR molecules. Functional analyses using an in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction assay resulted in less proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with PG compared with N NSCs. In addition, natural killer (NK) cells cytolyzed PG less than N NSCs. At a molecular level, expression analyses of immune regulatory factors revealed higher HLA-G levels in PG compared with N NSCs. In line with this finding, MIR152, which represses HLA-G expression, is less transcribed in PG compared with N cells. Blockage of HLA-G receptors ILT2 and KIR2DL4 on natural killer cell leukemia (NKL) cells increased cytolysis of PG NSCs. Together this indicates that PG NSCs have unique immunological properties due to elevated HLA-G expression.
Volatiles of corn tassels: possible corn ear worm attractants (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolatiles of corn tassels: possible corn ear worm attractantsRon G. Buttery, Louisa C. Ling, and R. TeranishiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1980, 28, 4, 771–774Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60230a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60230a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts