gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyethylene Glycol Nephrotoxicity Secondary to Prolonged High-Dose Intravenous Lorazepam (1995)

ATN probably resulted from chronic PEG exposure via massive doses of lorazepam injection, possibly enhanced by concurrent administration of vancomycin.
A Gated Electrostatic Ion Trap To Repetitiously Measure the Charge and m/z of Large Electrospray Ions (1997)

The design and operation of a new type of ion trap provides a way to measure mass, charge, and velocity of large individual electrospray ions (>1 MDa, >250 charges) repeatedly during the time the ion is trapped. The trap consists of an image charge detection tube mounted between two ion mirrors. The mirrors are sets of parallel electrodes drilled with holes aligned with the bore of the detector tube. The device relies on voltages applied to the electrodes to establish symmetrically opposing ion focusing mirrors for the purpose of cycling ions through the charge detection tube many times. This design does not use magnetic or radio frequency fields to trap ions. Gating one of the mirrors to 0 V while maintaining voltages appropriate for reflecting ions on the opposite mirror allows an ion to pass through the holes in the mirror and enter the detector tube. A low-noise charge-sensitive amplifier, connected to the tube, reproduces the image charge of individual ions as they pass through the detector tube. When a highly charged electrospray ion enters the detector tube, its image charge triggers a circuit that enables the entrance electrodes, thus closing the electrostatic gate to the trap. Ion mass is calculated from simultaneous measurements of ion charge and velocity every time an ion passes through the detector. Individual ions have been trapped for as long as about 10 ms, during which time they cycled 450 times through the detector tube. At this level of trapping time, a theoretical precision for charge measurement as small as about two electrons rms can be achieved for 200 eV/charge ions carrying more than 250 charges. The operation of the system is demonstrated by trapping 2.88 MDa ions of DNA.
Calculation of crystallographic texture due to displacive transformations (2008)

Abstract Displacive transformations involve the disciplined motion of atoms. As a result, there are clearly defined relationships between all aspects of the parent and product lattices. The theory for this is well established but has not been exploited in the calculation of transformation textures. This paper is a critical assessment of the methods for the estimation of crystallographic textures during the displacive transformation of austenite into martensite, bainite or Widmanstätten ferrite in steels. The discussion is limited to the case where austenite is not in a plastically deformed state prior to its transformation.
Elevated Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 1 during the Acute Phase of Kawasaki Disease (2003)

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limiting, multisystem vasculitis of unknown etiology affecting infants and young children. Unless treated promptly with high-dose intravenous gamma globulin and aspirin, patients frequently develop coronary aneurysms. Previously, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), which is secreted complexed to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), has been implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Since the clinical and pathological features of KD include inflammation and weakening of blood vessels, we analyzed acute- and convalescent-phase paired plasma or serum samples from 31 KD patients, 7 patients who did not completely meet the criteria for KD, and 26 non-KD controls (9 febrile and 17 afebrile patients) for pro-MMP-9 (92 kDa) enzyme activity by gelatin zymography and for active MMP-9 (83 kDa), pro-MMP-9, and TIMP-1 protein levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed by using Student t tests, linear regression, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Markedly elevated pro-MMP-9 enzymatic activity, pro-MMP-9 protein levels, and TIMP-1 protein levels were found during the acute phase of illness in patients with clinically established KD and in patients who were suspected of having KD but did not meet all of the criteria. There was no significant difference in active MMP-9 levels. Furthermore, pro-MMP-9 and TIMP-1 protein levels were significantly elevated among KD patients, compared to those of febrile and afebrile non-KD controls. The significantly elevated pro-MMP-9 enzyme and protein levels during the acute phase of KD may reflect vascular remodeling or an inflammatory response to a microbial agent, suggesting a pathophysiological role for MMP-9 in coronary aneurysm formation.
SELECTIVE MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL DYSFUNCTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE FOLLOWING RESUSCITATED HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK (1998)

Following resuscitation (RES) from hemorrhagic shock (HEM), intestinal microvessels develop progressive vasoconstriction that impairs mucosal blood flow, despite central hemodynamic RES. These events might have clinical consequences secondary to occult intestinal ischemia. We hypothesized that the microvascular impairments were due to progressive endothelial cell dysfunction and an associated reduction in the dilator, nitric oxide (NO), following HEM/RES. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, were monitored for central hemodynamics and the terminal ileum was studied with in vivo videomicroscopy. HEM was 50% of baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) for 60 min, and RES was with shed blood + 1 volume of normal saline (NS). Following HEM/RES, acetylcholine (10)(-7), 10(-5) M) was topically applied and ileal inflow (A1) and premucosal arteriolar diameters were measured to assess endothelial-cell function at 60 and 120 min post-RES. Normalization of MAP, cardiac output, and heart rate demonstrated adequate systemic resuscitation. Post-RES vasoconstriction developed in A1 (-25%) and premucosal (-28%) arterioles with an associated reduction in A1 flow (-47%). However, there was a selective impairment of endothelial-dependent dilation that was manifested only in the smaller premucosal arterioles and not in the inflow, A1 arterioles. This suggests that multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of the post-RES vasoconstriction. The premucosal response was likely mediated by endothelial cell dysfunction, while the A1 response was probably the result of enhanced vasoconstrictor forces. This early microvascular dysfunction might contribute to the late sequelae of intestinal ischemia and might alter microvascular responses to subsequent systemic insults.
Organic-on-inorganic semiconductor contact barrier diodes. II. Dependence on organic film and metal contact properties (1984)

We discuss the effects of organic film thickness, film crystalline texture, contact metal, and temperature on the current-voltage characteristics (I-V) of organic-on-inorganic (OI) semiconductor contact barrier diodes, where the prototypical compound; 3, 4, 9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) serves as the organic thin film. The results presented can be fully understood in terms of the thermionic emission-space-charge-limited (TE-SCL) current model introduced in previous papers. Studies of the I-V characteristics suggest the presence of a trap distribution centered at Δε=0.20 eV above the PTCDA valence band edge. Also, we have found a correlation between the hole mobility (μeff) and PTCDA crystalline texture, and obtain a mobility as high as μeff=1.4 cm2/V s for highly ordered crystalline thin films. Finally, the general criteria which must be fulfilled by an organic compound used to achieve high-performance OI devices are outlined. The properties of several such devices using various organic thin films are described.
Stable implementation of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis for surface-relief gratings: enhanced transmittance matrix approach (1995)

An enhanced, numerically stable transmittance matrix approach is developed and is applied to the implementation of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis for surface-relief and multilevel gratings. The enhanced approach is shown to produce numerically stable results for excessively deep multilevel surface-relief dielectric gratings. The nature of the numerical instability for the classic transmission matrix approach in the presence of evanescent fields is determined. The finite precision of the numerical representation on digital computers results in insufficient accuracy in numerically representing the elements produced by inverting an ill-conditioned transmission matrix. These inaccuracies will result in numerical instability in the calculations for successive field matching between the layers. The new technique that we present anticipates and preempts these potential numerical problems. In addition to the full-solution approach whereby all the reflected and the transmitted amplitudes are calculated, a simpler, more efficient formulation is proposed for cases in which only the reflected amplitudes (or the transmitted amplitudes) are required. Incorporating this enhanced approach into the implementation of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis, we obtain numerically stable and convergent results for excessively deep (50 wavelengths), 16-level, asymmetric binary gratings. Calculated results are presented for both TE and TM polarization and for conical diffraction.
Disorder-to-Order Transition in Settling Suspensions of Colloidal Silica: X-ray Measurements (1989)

Dispersions of colloidal particles exhibit thermodynamic properties similar to those of molecular systems, including a hard sphere disorder-to-order transition. In experiments with organophilic silica in cyclohexane, gravity settling was used to concentrate the particles. With small particles the slow sedimentation permits rearrangement into the iridescent ordered phase, but larger particles form amorphous sediments instead. Scanning electron microscopy of the crystalline sediment indicates hexagonally closepacked layers. X-ray attenuation measurements reveal a discontinuity coincident with the observed boundary between iridescent and opaque regions. Sediments accumulating faster than the maximum rate of crystallization produce a glass, in accord with the classical theory for crystal growth.
T-Cell Activation Is Potentiated by Cytokines Released by Lesional Psoriatic, but Not Normal, Epidermis (1992)

These data demonstrate that lesional psoriatic epidermal cells release a balance of cytokines that potentiate T-cell activation. Because normal epidermal cells do not potentiate T-cell activation in this system, these findings demonstrate a mechanism by which the epidermis may non-specifically potentiate and perpetuate T-cell activation in psoriatic lesions.
A cassette containing thebargene ofStreptomyces hygroscopicus: a selectable marker for plant transformation (1990)

Journal Article A cassette containing the bar gene of Streptomyces hygroscopicus: a selectable marker for plant transformation Get access Janet White, Janet White Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sheng-Yung P. Chang, Sheng-Yung P. Chang 1Centus Corporation1400 Fifty-third Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Maureen J. Bibb, Maureen J. Bibb Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mervyn J. Bibb Mervyn J. Bibb Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 4, 25 February 1990, Page 1062, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.4.1062 Published: 25 February 1990 Article history Received: 18 December 1989 Published: 25 February 1990
The extent of DNA sequence required for a functional bacterial attachment site of phage lambda (1985)

We have investigated the extent of DNA sequence required to form a bacterial attachment site (attB) that functions in bacteriophage lambda integration. A DNA fragment carrying attB of Escherichia coli was trimmed, recloned and tested for recombination proficiency. We found that the common core sequence plus the adjoining 4-bp sequences of both the B and B' arms are required for full activity, while plasmids with an even shorter attB sequence retain some capacity to function as attB in vivo. We also found that the nonspecific DNA that is joined to the required attachment site sequence does not significantly influence the rate of the recombination reaction.
Skin tumors with matrical differentiation: lessons from hair keratins, beta‐catenin and PHLDA‐1 expression (2014)

Nuclear beta-catenin and LEF1 expression was highly conserved in matrical tumors, and suggested a common tumorigenesis driven by Wnt pathway activation. PHLDA1 was consistently expressed in matrical tumors and in areas of matrical differentiation.
Comparison of organ residence time estimation methods for radioimmunotherapy dosimetry and treatment planning—patient studies (2009)

The estimation of organ residence time is essential for high-dose myeloablative regimens in radioimmunotherapy (RIT). Frequently, this estimation is based on a series of simple planar scans and planar processing. The authors previously performed a simulation study which demonstrated that the accuracy of this methodology is limited compared to a hybrid planar/SPECT residence time estimation method. In this work the authors applied this hybrid method to data from a clinical trial of high-dose myeloablative yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy. Image data acquired from 18 patients were comprised of planar scans at five time points ranging from 1 to 144 h postinjection and abdominal and thoracic SPECT/CT scans obtained at 24 h postinjection. The simple planar processing method used in this work was based on the geometric mean method with energy window based scatter compensation. No explicit background subtraction nor object or source thickness corrections were performed. The SPECT projections were reconstructed using iterative reconstruction with compensations for attenuation, scatter, and full collimator-detector response. Large differences were observed when residence times were estimated using the simple planar method compared to the hybrid method. The differences were not constant but varied in magnitude and sign. For the dose-limiting organ (liver), the average difference was -18% and variation in the difference was 19%, similar to the differences observed in a previously reported simulation study. The authors also looked at the relationship between the weight of the patient and the liver residence time and found that there was no meaningful correlation for either method. This indicates that weight would not be an adequate proxy for an experimental estimate of residence time when choosing the activity to administer for therapy. The authors conclude that methods such as the simple planar method used here are inadequate for RIT treatment planning. More sophisticated methods, such as the hybrid SPECT/planar method investigated here, are likely to be better predictors of organ dose and, as a result, organ toxicities.
Live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccines: The needs and challenges of post-licensure evaluation of vaccine safety and effectiveness (2017)

Since December 2015, the first dengue vaccine has been licensed in several Asian and Latin American countries for protection against disease from all four dengue virus serotypes. While the vaccine demonstrated an overall good safety and efficacy profile in clinical trials, some key research questions remain which make risk-benefit-assessment for some populations difficult. As for any new vaccine, several questions, such as very rare adverse events following immunization, duration of vaccine-induced protection and effectiveness when used in public health programs, will be addressed by post-licensure studies and by data from national surveillance systems after the vaccine has been introduced. However, the complexity of dengue epidemiology, pathogenesis and population immunity, as well as some characteristics of the currently licensed vaccine, and potentially also future, live-attenuated dengue vaccines, poses a challenge for evaluation through existing monitoring systems, especially in low and middle-income countries. Most notable are the different efficacies of the currently licensed vaccine by dengue serostatus at time of first vaccination and by dengue virus serotype, as well as the increased risk of dengue hospitalization among young vaccinated children observed three years after the start of vaccination in one of the trials. Currently, it is unknown if the last phenomenon is restricted to younger ages or could affect also seronegative individuals aged 9years and older, who are included in the group for whom the vaccine has been licensed. In this paper, we summarize scientific and methodological considerations for public health surveillance and targeted post-licensure studies to address some key research questions related to live-attenuated dengue vaccines. Countries intending to introduce a dengue vaccine should assess their capacities to monitor and evaluate the vaccine's effectiveness and safety and, where appropriate and possible, enhance their surveillance systems accordingly. Targeted studies are needed, especially to better understand the effects of vaccinating seronegative individuals.
Signal transduction in neutrophil activation Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase is stimulated without tyrosine phosphorylation (1992)

Treatment of human neutrophils with the peptide f-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) results in neutrophil activation concomitant with stimulation of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinase activity as measured by production of PtdIns-3,4,5-P3 in [32P]orthophosphate labeled cells. Antiphosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates were assayed for PtdIns 3-kinase activity; essentially no activity was present in lysates from either stimulated or unstimulated cells. The 85 kDa regulatory subunit of PtdIns 3-kinase, which normally serves as a substrate for tyrosine kinases, was not detected by SDS-PAGE or Western blot analysis in antiphosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates. In addition, no radioactive band corresponding to PtdIns 3-kinase was observed by SDS-PAGE following antiPtdIns 3-kinase immunoprecipitations. However, immunoprecipitates using polyclonal antibodies against PtdIns 3-kinase showed high PtdIns 3-kinase activity in neutrophil lysates and the 85 kDa subunit of PtdIns 3-kinase was detected in Western blots; no differences in activity were observed in FMLP-stimulated and unstimulated cells. These results suggest that, in contrast to polypeptide growth factor signal transduction systems, the activation of PtdIns 3-kinase by FMLP does not require tyrosine phosphorylation.
Forces Involved in Soy Protein Gelation: Effects of Various Reagents on the Formation, Hardness and Solubility of Heat‐Induced Gels Made from 7S, 11S, and Soy Isolate (1985)

ABSTRACT The effects of various reagents on the formation, hardness and solubility of heat‐induced gels of soybean 7S, 11S globulins and isolate were studied. Gels were formed in 30 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH 8.0) with or without reagents by heating at 80°C for 30 min. The results indicated that electrostatic interactions and disulfide bonds are involved in the formation of 11S globulin gels; mostly hydrogen bonding in 7S globulin gels and hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions in soy isolate gels. Analyses of the proteins solubilized from the gels indicated that the basic subunits of 11S globulin interact with 7S globulin in soy isolate gels. The contribution of certain acidic subunits to network formation in US soy isolate gels is limited
SARS-CoV-2 M pro inhibitors with antiviral activity in a transgenic mouse model (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continually poses serious threats to global public health. The main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a central role in viral replication. We designed and synthesized 32 new bicycloproline-containing M<sup>pro</sup> inhibitors derived from either boceprevir or telaprevir, both of which are approved antivirals. All compounds inhibited SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> activity in vitro, with 50% inhibitory concentration values ranging from 7.6 to 748.5 nM. The cocrystal structure of M<sup>pro</sup> in complex with MI-23, one of the most potent compounds, revealed its interaction mode. Two compounds (MI-09 and MI-30) showed excellent antiviral activity in cell-based assays. In a transgenic mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, oral or intraperitoneal treatment with MI-09 or MI-30 significantly reduced lung viral loads and lung lesions. Both also displayed good pharmacokinetic properties and safety in rats.
Scaling Power and Performance viaProcessor Composability (2014)

Power dissipation trends are leading high-performance processors to a regime in which all chip elements cannot be operated simultaneously at maximum frequency. Consequently, energy-efficiency will increase even more in importance, and performance must be achieved within strict power budgets. Current designs employ techniques such as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) to provide power-performance tradeoffs for both single and multi-threaded workloads. In power-dominated regimes, processors will be run at or near the minimum voltage. Frequency can be reduced to save power, but there is no scaling strategy for increasing performance with high energy-efficiency if the processor is operating at its maximum frequency (and minimum voltage). In this paper, we evaluate the energy-efficiency of processor composability—dynamically aggregating small energy-efficient physical cores into larger logical processors—as a method of scaling single-threaded performance up and down, comparing composability to the energy-efficiency of voltage and frequency scaling. We measure the power breakdowns of the baseline composable microarchitecture (the TFlex microarchitecture, based on an EDGE ISA) and compare the energy-efficiency and performance to one processor designed for power-efficiency (XScale) and another designed for high-performance (a variant of the Power-4) using normalized power models for as fair a comparison as possible. The study shows that composing multiple dual-issue cores (up to eight) provides performance scaling that is as energy-efficient as frequency scaling in a balanced microarchitecture, and is considerably more efficient than scaling the voltage to achieve additional performance once the maximum frequency at the minimum voltage is attained.
TGFβ Triggers miR-143/145 Transfer From Smooth Muscle Cells to Endothelial Cells, Thereby Modulating Vessel Stabilization (2015)

Our results demonstrate that miR-143 and miR-145 act as communication molecules between SMCs and ECs to modulate the angiogenic and vessel stabilization properties of ECs.
Advances in the study of serum tumor markers of lung cancer (2014)

Lung cancer is among the most prevalently occurring carcinomas worldwide, and reducing lung cancer mortality depends on early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Given the rapid development of molecular biology and modern techniques for diagnosis and treatment, the study of serum tumor markers has gained extensive application in early diagnosis, treatment effect monitoring, and prognosis evaluation. Serum tumor markers possess the advantages of easy detection, noninvasive operation, and cost-effectiveness. This article reviews the progress in the study of serum tumor markers of lung cancer.