gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Aqueous Perfusion in Enucleated Human Eyes (1963)

Aqueous perfusion is a convenient and direct means for quantitative evaluation of facility of aqueous outflow (C) in enucleated eyes. The C value is obtained by simple calculation from the rate of injection (F) of saline solution and from the steady state pressure (P) induced in the eye. (Under steady state conditions of equal rate of flow in and out, the relationship at moderate pressures can be expressed as<i>F/P</i>=<i>C</i>.) This is the common basis for evaluation of C by several procedures which differ only in technical details of measurement of flow rate and pressure. (More complex considerations are involved when aqueous perfusion of the eye is applied in vivo or in study of elastic properties of the eye. These are beyond the scope of the present article.) In study of the mechanics of the outflow channels, good use has been made of aqueous perfusion. Applied to animal eyes,
Investigation of Magnesium Incorporation within Gelatin/Calcium Phosphate Nanocomposite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering (2013)

In this study, diffusional method was used to prepare a calcium phosphate/gelatin nanocomposite as a scaffold for bone tissue repair. Incorporation of magnesium (Mg) into mineral phase of the scaffold was also investigated. Addition of Mg ions to the synthesis process caused formation of magnesium phosphate (MgP) and hydroxyapatite ( HA p). However, analyses data for the sample lacking Mg showed that the mineral formed within GEL had a low crystalline nature, consisting of HA p and octacalcium phosphate ( OCP ). With addition of Mg within the structure of precipitated minerals, morphology of minerals was dramatically changed toward being irregular and less ordered.
Anti-Trypanosoma cruzieffects of cyclosporin A derivatives: possible role of a P-glycoprotein and parasite cyclophilins (2007)

Cyclophilins are target molecules for cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive antimicrobial drug. We have previously reported the in vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of H-7-94 and F-7-62 non-immunosuppressive CsA analogues. In this work, we continue the study of the parasiticidal effect of H-7-94 and F-7-62 CsA analogues in vitro and in vivo and we analyse 3 new CsA derivatives: MeIle-4-CsA (NIM 811), MeVal-4-CsA (MeVal-4) and D-MeAla-3-EtVal-4-CsA, (EtVal-4). The most efficient anti-T. cruzi effect was observed with H-7-94, F-7-62 and MeVal-4 CsA analogues evidenced as inhibition of epimastigote proliferation, trypomastigote penetration, intracellular amastigote development and in vivo T. cruzi infection. This trypanocidal activity could be due to inhibition of the peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity on the T. cruzi recombinant cyclophilins tested. Furthermore, CsA and F-7-62 derivative inhibited the efflux of rhodamine 123 from T. cruzi epimastigotes, suggesting an interference with a P-glycoprotein activity. Moreover, H-7-94 and F-7-62 CsA analogues were not toxic as shown by cell viability and by aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity on mammalian cells. Our results show that H-7-94, F-7-62 and MeVal-4 CsA analogues expressed the highest inhibiting effects on T. cruzi, being promissory parasiticidal drugs worthy of further studies.
Maskless fabrication of nanogap electrodes by using Ga-focused ion beam etching (2006)

We develop maskless fabrication methods using sputter etching with Ga-focused ion beams (FIBs) to obtain nanogap electrodes with high reproducibility. This method is based on in situ monitoring of etching steps by measuring current through patterned electrode films. The etching steps are terminated electrically at a predetermined current level. In the present experiment, 30-keV Ga FIBs with beam size of ~12 nm is irradiated, and the effect of film structures and monitoring current is investigated to obtain reliable fabrication methods. We find that electrode gaps much narrower than the beam size can be reproducibly fabricated. The controllability of the fabrication steps is significantly improved by using triple-layered films consisting of a thin Ti top, an Au electrode, and a bottom Ti adhesion layer. The minimum gap width achieved is ~3 nm, and the fabrication yield reached ~90% for ~3- to 6-nm-wide gaps. Most of the fabricated nanogap electrodes show high insulating resistance ranging from 1 G to 1 T.
Immortalization of Primary Human Prostate Epithelial Cells by c-Myc (2005)

A significant percentage of prostate tumors have amplifications of the c-Myc gene, but the precise role of c-Myc in prostate cancer is not fully understood. Immortalization of human epithelial cells involves both inactivation of the Rb/p16INK4a pathway and telomere maintenance, and it has been recapitulated in culture by expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, hTERT, in combination with viral oncoproteins. Here, we show the immortalization of human prostate epithelial cells (HPrEC) by a single genetic event, the expression of the c-Myc oncogene. Myc stabilizes telomere length in HPrEC through up-regulation of hTERT expression and overrides the accumulation of cell cycle inhibitory proteins, such as p16INK4a. Overall, HPrECs expressing c-Myc retain many characteristics of normal cells, such as the induction of a senescence-like growth arrest in response to oncogenic Ras, an intact p53 response, and an absence of gross karyotypic abnormalities. However, HPrECs expressing c-Myc lack a Rb/p16INK4a checkpoint and can be transformed without the need for additional genetic lesions in that pathway. These results give a partial explanation for the physiologic role of c-Myc overexpression in prostate cancer.
Targeting G with TAL Effectors: A Comparison of Activities of TALENs Constructed with NN and NK Repeat Variable Di-Residues (2012)

The DNA binding domain of Transcription Activator-Like (TAL) effectors can easily be engineered to have new DNA sequence specificities. Consequently, engineered TAL effector proteins have become important reagents for manipulating genomes in vivo. DNA binding by TAL effectors is mediated by arrays of 34 amino acid repeats. In each repeat, one of two amino acids (repeat variable di-residues, RVDs) contacts a base in the DNA target. RVDs with specificity for C, T and A have been described; however, among RVDs that target G, the RVD NN also binds A, and NK is rare among naturally occurring TAL effectors. Here we show that TAL effector nucleases (TALENs) made with NK to specify G have less activity than their NN-containing counterparts: fourteen of fifteen TALEN pairs made with NN showed more activity in a yeast recombination assay than otherwise identical TALENs made with NK. Activity was assayed for three of these TALEN pairs in human cells, and the results paralleled the yeast data. The in vivo data is explained by in vitro measurements of binding affinity demonstrating that NK-containing TAL effectors have less affinity for targets with G than their NN-containing counterparts. On targets for which G was substituted with A, higher G-specificity was observed for NK-containing TALENs. TALENs with different N- and C-terminal truncations were also tested on targets that differed in the length of the spacer between the two TALEN binding sites. TALENs with C-termini of either 63 or 231 amino acids after the repeat array cleaved targets across a broad range of spacer lengths - from 14 to 33 bp. TALENs with only 18 aa after the repeat array, however, showed a clear optimum for spacers of 13 to 16 bp. The data presented here provide useful guidelines for increasing the specificity and activity of engineered TAL effector proteins.
Diode-array pumping of Er/sup 3+//Yb/sup 3+/ Co-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers (1993)

Single-mode double-clad Er/sup 3+//Yb/sup 3+/ co-doped fibers are shown to be suitable for diode array pumping at around 960 nm. A fiber laser with 96-W output power at 1.53 mu m and a power amplifier exhibiting a small signal gain of 24 dB and a saturated output power of +17 dBm are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The membrane‐bound [NiFe]‐hydrogenase (Ech) from Methanosarcina barkeri: unusual properties of the iron‐sulphur clusters (2002)

The purified membrane-bound [NiFe]-hydrogenase from Methanosarcina barkeri was studied with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) focusing on the properties of the iron-sulphur clusters. The EPR spectra showed signals from three different [4Fe-4S] clusters. Two of the clusters could be reduced under 101 kPa of H2, whereas the third cluster was only partially reduced. Magnetic interaction of one of the clusters with an unpaired electron localized on the Ni-Fe site indicated that this was the proximal cluster as found in all [NiFe]-hydrogenases. Hence, this cluster was assigned to be located in the EchC subunit. The other two clusters could therefore be assigned to be bound to the EchF subunit, which has two conserved four-Cys motifs for the binding of a [4Fe-4S] cluster. Redox titrations at different pH values demonstrated that the proximal cluster and one of the clusters in the EchF subunit had a pH-dependent midpoint potential. The possible relevance of these properties for the function of this proton-pumping [NiFe]-hydrogenase is discussed.
Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganocatalytic Ring-Opening PolymerizationNahrain E. Kamber, Wonhee Jeong, Robert M. Waymouth, Russell C. Pratt, Bas G. G. Lohmeijer, and James L. HedrickView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 12, 5813–5840Publication Date (Web):November 8, 2007Publication History Received15 March 2007Published online8 November 2007Published inissue 1 December 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr068415bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr068415bresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views25920Altmetric-Citations1289LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Carbene compounds,Catalysts,Monomers,Ring-opening polymerization Get e-Alerts
Use of Immunostimulatory Sequence-Containing Oligonucleotides as Topical Therapy for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection (2002)

Synthetic oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs in specific sequence contexts have been shown to induce potent immune responses. We have evaluated mucosal administration of two immunostimulatory sequence (ISS)-containing phosphorothioate-stabilized oligonucleotides for antiherpetic efficacy in animal models. The ISS oligonucleotides, suspended in phosphate-buffered saline, were tested in mouse and guinea pig vaginal models of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection. For comparison, groups of untreated, non-ISS oligonucleotide-treated, and acyclovir-treated animals also were monitored. The results indicated that vaginal epithelial application of ISS (up to 6 h after viral inoculation) with mice lethally challenged with HSV-2 delayed disease onset and reduced the number of animals that developed signs of disease (P = 0.003). ISS application significantly increased survival rates over those of controls (P = 0.0014). The ISS also impacted an established infection in the guinea pig model of HSV-2 disease. A single administration of ISS (21 days after viral inoculation) significantly reduced the frequency and severity of HSV-2 lesions compared to results with non-ISS oligonucleotide-treated and untreated guinea pigs (P < 0.01). HSV-2 is shed from the vaginal cavity of the guinea pig in the absence of lesions, similar to the case with humans. As an additional indication of ISS efficacy, the magnitude of viral shedding also was significantly reduced in ISS-treated animals (P < 0.001). These effects appeared to be immunologically mediated, since ISS had no direct effect on HSV-2 replication in vitro using standard plaque assays. These data suggest that ISS may be useful in the treatment and control of genital herpes in humans.
Continous intracerebroventricular infusion of dopamine and dopamine agonists through a totally implanted drug delivery system in animal models of Parkinson's disease (1987)

We studied the effect of intracerebroventricular infusion of dopamine and dopamine agonists in rat and primate models of Parkinson's disease as an experimental approach to the treatment of levodopa-induced fluctuations. The infusion of dopamine, lisuride, and pergolide into the ventricle ipsilateral to the lesion, by 6-hydroxydopamine, of the nigrostriatal pathway induced a contralateral rotation which was maximal 24-48 h after infusion and whose intensity progressively decreased over the period of 1 week. [3H]Spiperone binding was decreased by the infusion of dopamine but the responses to subcutaneous apomomorphine were unchanged. The infusion of dopamine also restored the levels of monoamines in the rat brain. In chronic reserpized rats, the infusion of dopamine restored brain levels of dopamine but did not reverse akinesia unless monoamine oxidase inhibitors were simultaneously administered, either systemically or intracerebroventricularly. Lisuride and pergolide proved much weaker than dopamine in reversing the effects of reserpine. Intracerebroventricular infusion of dopamine plus deprenyl reversed MPTP induced akinesia in monkeys but the pump used for the delivery was not well tolerated, because of its size, by the animals.
Forbesione, a Modified Xanthone from Garcinia forbesii (1996)

Journal of Chemical Research - Part S
Rapid Photothermal Lysis of the Pathogenic Bacteria, Escherichia Coli Using Synthesis of Gold Nanorods (2009)

A photon-to-thermal conversion nanosystem has been developed to rapidly elevate temperatures in poorly thermally conducting media using irradiation of gold nanorods. We first hypothesized that nanoparticles, especially gold nanorods, are capable of generating enough heat to lyse bacteria by heating sample solutions via laser irradiation. To test this, we synthesized Au nanorods (aspect ratio 3-4) and studied optothermal properties of these nanoparticles. The short Au nanorods were more efficient at absorbing 808 nm 450 mW laser irradiations resulting in more efficient temperature increase in glass vials compared to the long rods (aspect ratio -40). In bulk media, these nanoparticles could easily raise the temperature beyond 100 degrees C under continuous wave laser irradiation, enabling immediate cell lysis. Consequently, the pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, within the sample solution are lysed by irradiating of the sample using a near infrared laser.
A Randomized Comparison of Clopidogrel and Aspirin Versus Ticlopidine and Aspirin After the Placement of Coronary-Artery Stents (2000)

After the placement of coronary artery stents in unselected patients, ticlopidine was associated with a significantly lower mortality than clopidogrel. This raises concern about the current practice of substituting clopidogrel for ticlopidine after stenting and highlights the need for further long-term studies.
Measurement and removal of adherent endotoxin from titanium particles and implant surfaces (1999)

Aseptic loosening is thought to be due primarily to osteolysis induced by cytokines and prostaglandins that are produced in response to implant-derived wear particles. Because endotoxin has many of the same effects as have been reported for wear particles, we hypothesized that adherent endotoxin may be responsible for the biological responses induced by wear particles. We demonstrated the presence of significant levels of adherent endotoxin on commonly used preparations of titanium particles as well as on titanium and titanium-alloy implant surfaces. In contrast, supernatants obtained by centrifugation of particle suspensions contained approximately 1% as much endotoxin as did the particles. Therefore, it is erroneous to assume that particles do not contain endotoxin on the basis of data that it cannot be detected in their supernatants or filtrates. These results emphasize the importance of considering the potential role of adherent endotoxin when examining the in vitro effects of wear particles and the in vivo performance of orthopaedic implants. We also developed a protocol that removed more than 99.94% of the adherent endotoxin from the titanium particles without detectably affecting their size or shape. The removal of adherent endotoxin will allow comparison of the biological responses induced by particles with or without adherent endotoxin.
Selective nerve root block in patient selection for lumbar surgery: surgical results. (1989)

The cause of lumbar radicular symptoms often remains elusive after standard clinical and radiographic evaluation. Selective nerve root block is a useful test to indicate whether the pain is neural in origin and/or whether nerve root is pain producing in these patients with equivocal clinical and imaging studies. Over 8 years, the author performed selective nerve root blocks in 215 patients. Of this group, 78 patients underwent surgery. Following surgery, 71 patients were available for a minimum 12-month follow-up. The preoperative diagnoses included previously unoperated-upon lumbar disc herniation, previously unoperated-upon spinal canal stenosis, and prior lumbar surgery. The average follow-up was 34 months (range, 12-96 months). Overall, there were 38 good (53%), 16 fair (23%), and 17 poor (24%) surgical results. The results for those patients who had had prior surgery were disappointing (52% poor). These data reaffirm that surgical intervention should only be recommended for previously operated-upon patients with unequivocal findings.
Rating the presence and severity of opiate dependence (1974)

The means for rating dependence to narcotic drugs and determining the severity of physical dependence is examined, using the administration at 0.8 mg naloxone intramuscularly and assessing the severity of dependence mainly by the presence and time of appearance of withdrawal signs. Responses were studied in 75 patients with drug abuse problems. Naloxone or saline was administered double blind and at random. In methadone‐ and opiate‐dependent sub;ects, net withdrawal scores after naloxone differed significantly from those after saline. In nonopiate‐dependent patients, there was no significant difference between net scores after naloxone and after saline. The results at the investigation were confirmed by a crossover study in which naloxone and saline were administered to 4 patients with suspected opiate dependence.
Expression of Growth Factors and Growth Factor Receptors in Capillary Hemangioblastoma (1996)

To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of growth and differentiation of capillary hemangioblastoma we studied the expression of selected growth factors and growth factor receptors by immunocytochemistry. As stromal cells of capillary hemangioblastoma express high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (P1GF) mRNA, we studied the distribution of the corresponding VEGF and P1GF proteins. We also studied the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) because their ligands have been reported to promote angiogenesis. The stromal cells expressed abundant EGFR and, in addition, some stromal cells expressed PDGFR-alpha but not PDGFR-beta. In contrast, the endothelial cells co-expressed PDGFR-alpha and PDGFR-beta. VEGF and P1GF were expressed by scattered stromal cells; however, more intense staining was observed in the endothelial cells of the intratumoral blood vessels, possibly indicating the secreted growth factors bound to their target receptors. We conclude that capillary hemangioblastomas express a variety of growth factor receptors and ligands, potentially involved in both autocrine and paracrine loops. The uniformly high EGFR expression is unique among brain tumors and may be associated with the typical morphology of capillary hemangioblastoma. The expression of highly angiogenic growth factors and their receptors may contribute to the rich vascularity of this enigmatic tumor.
Defective Fc‐dependent processing of immune complexes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2002)

These results indicate that Fc-mediated clearance of ICs is defective in patients with SLE and suggest that ligation of ICs by Fc receptors is critical for their efficient binding and retention by the fixed MPS in the liver.
New Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Isoform Generated by Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Driven CUG Translation Initiation (2001)

We recently demonstrated that the very long 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA contains two independent internal ribosome entry sites (IRES A and B). In the human sequence, four potential CUG translation initiation codons are located in between these IRES and are in frame with the classical AUG start codon. By in vitro translation and COS-7 cell transfections, we demonstrate that a high mol wt VEGF isoform [called large VEGF (L-VEGF)] is generated by an alternative translation initiation process, which occurs at the first of these CUG codons. Using a bicistronic strategy, we show that the upstream IRES B controls the translation initiation of L-VEGF. This isoform is 206 amino acids longer than the classical AUG-initiated form. With a specific antibody raised against this NH2 extension, we show that the L-VEGF is present in different mouse tissues or in transfected COS-7 cells. We also demonstrate that L-VEGF is cleaved into two fragments: a 23-kDa NH2-specific fragment and a fragment with an apparent size similar to that of the classical AUG-initiated form. This cleavage requires the integrity of a hydrophobic sequence located in the central part of the L-VEGF molecule. This sequence actually plays the role of signal peptide in the classical AUG-initiated form. The AUG-initiated form and the COOH cleavage product of the L-VEGF are both secreted. In contrast, the large isoform and its NH2 fragment present an intracellular localization. These data unravel a further level of complexity in the regulation of VEGF expression.