gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraaortic hemopoietic cells are derived from endothelial cells during ontogeny (1998)

We have investigated the developmental relationship of the hemopoietic and endothelial lineages in the floor of the chicken aorta, a site of hemopoietic progenitor emergence in the embryo proper. We show that, prior to the onset of hemopoiesis, the aortic endothelium uniformly expresses the endothelium-specific membrane receptor VEGF-R2. The onset of hemopoiesis can be determined by detecting the common leukocyte antigen CD45. VEGF-R2 and CD45 are expressed in complementary fashion, namely the hemopoietic cluster-bearing floor of the aorta is CD45(+)/VEGF-R2(-), while the rest of the aortic endothelium is CD45(-)/VEGF-R2(+). To determine if the hemopoietic clusters are derived from endothelial cells, we tagged the E2 endothelial tree from the inside with low-density lipoproteins (LDL) coupled to DiI. 24 hours later, hemopoietic clusters were labelled by LDL. Since no CD45(+) cells were inserted among endothelial cells at the time of vascular labelling, hemopoietic clusters must be concluded to derive from precursors with an endothelial phenotype.
An Addition Reaction Specific for Uridine and Guanosine Nucleotides and its Application to the Modification of Ribonuclease Action (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Addition Reaction Specific for Uridine and Guanosine Nucleotides and its Application to the Modification of Ribonuclease ActionP. T. GilhamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 4, 687–688Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00863a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00863a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Natural history and therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (1997)

The use of rIL-2 with or without IFN-alpha may represent the most useful therapeutic approach currently available for patients with good performance status. In patients with borderline performance status or severe comorbid disease, therapeutic approaches depend on patient factors and outcome expectation and may involve cytokine therapy. However, regardless of performance status, palliative measures and/or observation are important choices, because the majority of patients with metastatic RCC are incurable.
Exploiting selective BCL-2 family inhibitors to dissect cell survival dependencies and define improved strategies for cancer therapy (2015)

The BCL-2/BCL-XL/BCL-W inhibitor ABT-263 (navitoclax) has shown promising clinical activity in lymphoid malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, its efficacy in these settings is limited by thrombocytopenia caused by BCL-XL inhibition. This prompted the generation of the BCL-2-selective inhibitor venetoclax (ABT-199/GDC-0199), which demonstrates robust activity in these cancers but spares platelets. Navitoclax has also been shown to enhance the efficacy of docetaxel in preclinical models of solid tumors, but clinical use of this combination has been limited by neutropenia. We used venetoclax and the BCL-XL-selective inhibitors A-1155463 and A-1331852 to assess the relative contributions of inhibiting BCL-2 or BCL-XL to the efficacy and toxicity of the navitoclax-docetaxel combination. Selective BCL-2 inhibition suppressed granulopoiesis in vitro and in vivo, potentially accounting for the exacerbated neutropenia observed when navitoclax was combined with docetaxel clinically. By contrast, selectively inhibiting BCL-XL did not suppress granulopoiesis but was highly efficacious in combination with docetaxel when tested against a range of solid tumors. Therefore, BCL-XL-selective inhibitors have the potential to enhance the efficacy of docetaxel in solid tumors and avoid the exacerbation of neutropenia observed with navitoclax. These studies demonstrate the translational utility of this toolkit of selective BCL-2 family inhibitors and highlight their potential as improved cancer therapeutics.
Toward more sensitive mobile phones (2001)

Although cell phones are extremely useful, they can be annoying and distracting to owners and others nearby. We describe sensing techniques intended to help make mobile phones more polite and less distracting. For example, our phone's ringing quiets as soon as the user responds to an incoming call, and the ring mutes if the user glances at the caller ID and decides not to answer. We also eliminate the need to press a TALK button to answer an incoming call by recognizing if the user picks up the phone and listens to it.
Materializing the Potential of Small Interfering RNA via a Tumor-Targeting Nanodelivery System (2007)

The field of small interfering RNA (siRNA) as potent sequence-selective inhibitors of transcription is rapidly developing. However, until now, low transfection efficiency, poor tissue penetration, and nonspecific immune stimulation by in vivo administered siRNAs have delayed their therapeutic application. Their potential as anticancer therapeutics hinges on the availability of a vehicle that can be systemically administered, safely and repeatedly, and will deliver the siRNA specifically and efficiently to the tumor, both primary tumors and metastases. We have developed a nanosized immunoliposome-based delivery complex (scL) that, when systemically administered, will preferentially target and deliver molecules useful in gene medicine, including plasmid DNA and antisense oligonucleotides, to tumor cells wherever they occur in the body. This tumor-targeting nanoparticle delivery vehicle can also deliver siRNA to both primary and metastatic disease. We have also enhanced the efficiency of this complex by the inclusion of a pH-sensitive histidine-lysine peptide in the complex (scL-HoKC) and by delivery of a modified hybrid (DNA-RNA) anti-HER-2 siRNA molecule. Scanning probe microscopy confirms that this modified complex maintains its nanoscale size. More importantly, we show that this nanoimmunoliposome anti-HER-2 siRNA complex can sensitize human tumor cells to chemotherapeutics, silence the target gene and affect its downstream pathway components in vivo, and significantly inhibit tumor growth in a pancreatic cancer model. Thus, this complex has the potential to help translate the potent effects of siRNA into a clinically viable anticancer therapeutic.
Soluble TNF-α Receptors Are Constitutively Shed and Downregulate Adhesion Molecule Expression in Malignant Gliomas (1997)

The regulation of adhesion molecule expression in malignant gliomas by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and soluble TNF receptors (TNFR) was examined in the malignant glioma cell line A-172 and in 2 primary glioblastoma cell cultures (LA-492 and LA-567). A-172 cells expressed only the p55 TNF receptor transcripts and protein. The 2 primary cell cultures expressed both the p55 and p75 TNF receptors. In A-172 cells and in 1 of 2 primary glioma cell cultures, TNF upregulated the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, A-172 and both primary glioma cultures also shed their TNF receptors in the absence of activation by stimulating agents. Soluble p55 (sp55) receptors, but not soluble p75 (sp75) receptors, were found to reduce the TNF induced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in both the glioma cell line and the primary cell culture. Immunostaining of malignant glioma sections confirmed the presence of soluble TNFR and adhesion molecule expression in glioma cells in situ. These data suggest that soluble TNF receptors may play a role in the mechanism by which malignant gliomas downregulate the effects of infiltrating immune-competent cells.
8-Gb/s-130 km transmission experiment using Er-doped fiber preamplifier and optical dispersion equalization (1991)

The authors report an 8-Gb/s lightwave transmission system operating at 1.53- mu m wavelength through 130 km of single-mode fiber having a chromatic dispersion of zero at 1.3- mu m wavelength. A receiver sensitivity of -34.2 dBm (365 photons/bit) was achieved using an erbium-doped fiber preamplifier pumped at 980-nm wavelength. A sensitivity of -31.9 dBm (620 photons/bit) was reached by a preamplifier pumped at a 1480-nm wavelength. By employing a Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ external modulator and a fiber Gires-Tournois interferometer to equalize fiber chromatic dispersion, the penalty for 130 km transmission was held to only 0.9 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optical absorption resonances of dye-coated silver-island films (1981)

We have used Mie theory to account for the features of the transmission spectra of dye-coated silver-island films. The unusual behavior of the spectra arises from the effect of the dispersion and damping of the optical response of the absorbing coating on the structural resonances of the silver islands. Our modeling indicates that the power dissipation in the dye coating is enhanced compared with the dissipation of dye deposited on a nonresonant structure. These results help elucidate the excitation mechanisms of Raman and fluorescent emission of adsorbates at rough silver interfaces.
Approximate FM Demodulation Using Zero Crossings (1981)

This paper deals with approximate methods for demodulating FM signals using their zero crossings. A first-order (linear) interpolation method is devised and analyzed. Computer programs were then prepared to compare this first-order interpolator to the more usual zero-order interpolator. Higher order interpolation is briefly discussed, and the results of using a second-order interpolator are compared to those using the lower order methods.
Characterization of the monomethylarsonate reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities of Omega class glutathione transferase variants: implications for arsenic metabolism and the age-at-onset of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (2005)

There are two functional Omega class glutathione transferase (GST) genes in humans. GSTO1 is polymorphic with several coding region alleles, including an A140D substitution, a potential deletion of E155 and an E208K substitution. GSTO2 is also polymorphic with an N142D substitution in the coding region. We investigated the effect of these variations on the enzyme's thioltransferase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monomethylarsonate reductase and dimethylarsonate reductase activities. Variant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni-agarose affinity chromatography. GSTO2-2 was insoluble and had to be dissolved and refolded from 8 M urea. The A140D and E208K substitutions in GSTO1-1 did not alter specific activity. The deletion of E155 caused a two- to three-fold increase in the specific activity with each substrate. This deletion also caused a significant decrease in the enzyme's heat stability. The E155 deletion has been linked to abnormal arsenic excretion patterns; however, the available data do not clearly identify the cause of this abnormality. We found that GSTO2-2 has activity with the same substrates as GSTO1-1, and the dehydroascorbate reductase activity of GSTO2-2 is approximately 70-100-fold higher than that of GSTO1-1. The polymorphic N142D substitution had no effect on the specific activity of the enzyme with any substrate. The most notable feature of GSTO2-2 was its very high dehydroascorbate reductase activity, which suggests that GSTO2-2 may significantly protect against oxidative stress by recycling ascorbate. A defect in ascorbate metabolism may provide a common mechanism by which the Omega class GSTs influence the age-at-onset of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Hydraulic Response and Nitrogen Retention in Bioretention Mesocosms with Regulated Outlets: Part I—Hydraulic Response (2011)

In bioretention systems used for stormwater treatment, runoff interception improves with increased infiltration rates. However, nitrogen retention improves with increased retention time or decreasing infiltration rates. These contrasting responses were analyzed in 240-L experimental mesocosms using a variety of media treatments. The mesocosms were vegetated, except for one barren control. Dual-stage outlets were installed to extend retention time and equalize hydraulic responses. One unregulated treatment was free-draining. This part 1 paper presents the media properties and hydraulic responses. The highly aggregated media had saturated hydraulic conductivities ranging from 20.7 to 59.6 cm/h in August 2008 (austral winter), which increased to 42.8 to 110.6 cm/h in March 2009 (austral summer). The outlet regulated mesocosms provided retention over 8 times longer than the free-draining mesocosms, while still being able to capture large events. The outlets provide adaptive management for bioretention design to improve both runoff capture and nitrogen retention.
Delay spread measurements for the digital cellular channel in Toronto (1994)

The paper describes a set of measurements performed in the Toronto area, in order to assess the impact of multipath propagation on the performance of the TIA IS-54 digital standard. Five existing cells were systematically surveyed: two in downtown Toronto, two in the suburbs, and one in a suburban/rural area. A sweeping correlator apparatus with a 0.1 /spl mu/s resolution and 910 MHz carrier frequency, and an omnidirectional antenna was used. In one of the cells, the measurements were repeated with a 60 degree beamwidth directional antenna. A fairly sophisticated thresholding technique was applied in order to reduce the impact of noise. Generally, the measurements with the omnidirectional antenna exhibit multipath propagation with considerably smaller excess delays than some reported, but are consistent with earlier results obtained in the U.S. and Europe. Sectorization was found to considerably reduce the multipath effects. Very large delay components appear to be due mostly to the combination of large transmitter-receiver distances and a large degree of shadowing, and could probably be avoided to a large extent by standard cellular engineering techniques. In view of these results, it seems that the long delay (high selectivity) problem has been somewhat overemphasized in the past, at least for areas like Toronto. Problems associated with short delays (flat fading), on the contrary, appear to have been underestimated in the case of dense urban environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis of telomerase catalytic subunit mutants in vivo and in vitro in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (2000)

The chromosome end-replicating enzyme telomerase is composed of a template-containing RNA subunit, a reverse transcriptase (TERT), and additional proteins. The importance of conserved amino acid residues in Trt1p, the TERT of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, was tested. Mutation to alanine of the proposed catalytic aspartates in reverse transcriptase motifs A and C and of conserved amino acids in motifs 1 and B' resulted in defective growth, progressive loss of telomeric DNA, and loss of detectable telomerase enzymatic activity in vitro. Mutation of the phenylalanine (F) in the conserved FYxTE of telomerase-specific motif T had no phenotype in vivo or in vitro whereas mutation of a conserved amino acid in RT motif 2 had an intermediate effect. In addition to identifying single amino acids of TERT required for telomere maintenance in the fission yeast, this work provides useful tools for S. pombe telomerase research: a functional epitope-tagged version of Trt1p that allows detection of the protein even in crude cellular extracts, and a convenient and robust in vitro enzymatic activity assay based on immunopurification of telomerase.
A driver-distraction-based lane-keeping assistance system (2007)

Single-vehicle roadway departure (SVRD) accidents occur in many cases owing to driver distraction or drowsiness constituting a substantial share of today's road vehicle accidents and casualties. This paper describes a distraction-based lane-keeping support system, which intervenes only when the driver is positively detected as being distracted. Distraction here is understood as cognitive and visual distraction, and the focus of this system is on the latter one. In order to estimate the driver's visual distraction level, a video-based driver monitoring system is used. Lane-keeping support is provided by an additional torque applied on the steering shaft in order to regain an appropriate lane position. In this manner the system only intervenes when the vehicle has drifted out of its lane and while the driver is distracted. Test track investigations indicate large opportunities for such a system from a driver perspective, provided that sufficient reliability of the employed vision sensor for lane and face tracking can be obtained.
Selective cellular expression of tissue factor in human tissues. Implications for disorders of hemostasis and thrombosis. (1989)

Tissue factor (TF), the primary cellular initiator of the coagulation protease cascade, is implicated in having important roles in hemostasis, thrombogenesis, inflammation, and the cellular immune response, although the cytologic distribution of TF in tissues has yet to be described. This study used epitope-defined monoclonal antibodies to human tissue factor for immunohistochemical localization of TF in normal human tissues. TF was selectively expressed in tissues and was associated with cells rather than extracellular matrix. It was anatomically sequestered from blood, being undetectable in endothelium and peripheral blood cells. TF was present in vascular adventitia, organ capsules, epidermis, and mucosal epithelium. Most dermal and submucosal fibroblasts were negative. Except for alveolar macrophages and possibly dendritic cells of some lymphoid follicles, tissue macrophages did not express TF; (expression was demonstrable in LPS stimulated monocytes). Cerebral cortex, renal glomeruli, and cardiac myocytes were additional sites of prominent TF expression. Based on the cellular distribution of TF, it is hypothesized that intravascular initiation of coagulation requires induced expression by intravascular cells, and that the normal distribution of TF represents a hemostatic "envelope" ready to activate coagulation when vascular integrity is disrupted.
Micro-tomographic imaging for the nondestructive evaluation of trabecular bone architecture. (1997)

The structural properties of trabecular bone have been shown to vary significantly with age, anatomic location, and metabolic condition. Micro-computed tomography (microCT) is an emerging technique for the nondestructive assessment and analysis of the three-dimensional trabecular bone architecture. Within the framework of the European Union BIOMED I project "Assessment of Bone Quality in Osteoporosis," a total of 350 bone biopsies from five different anatomical locations were harvested post mortem from 70 donors (aged 23 to 92 years). These biopsies were measured using a newly devised compact micro-tomographic system, also referred to as desk-top microCT. Samples with a diameter from a few millimeters to a maximum of 18 mm and a length of up to 55 mm can be measured. For this study fresh, untreated bone biopsies with a diameter of 8 mm were measured micro-tomographically with a nominal isotropic resolution of 14 microns. For all samples, the volumes of interest (4 x 4 x 4 mm3) were binarized using a uniform threshold. Subsequently, standard structural indices such as bone volume density (BV/TV), bone surface density (BS/BV), trabecular plate number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and the degree of anisotropy (DA) were computed for all specimens incorporating mean intercept length (MIL) measurements. Regression analysis was used to estimate the correlations of single structural parameters with age or with a second parameter and also among different measurement sites. The nondestructive microCT measurements allowed not only to perform quantitative bone morphometry but also to assess other important microstructural features in the determination of the mechanical integrity of trabecular bone such as the incidence and prevalence of microcallus formations. The findings from the BIOMED I study are expected to improve our understanding of the relative importance of bone architecture, damage accumulation, and bone mineralization in the characterization of bone quality in the progress of age- and disease-related bone loss.
Coefficient sign bit compression in video coding (2012)

We propose a novel compression technique on signs of DCT coefficients. The proposed technique utilizes a high correlation among pixels at boundaries of a current block and those of neighboring blocks and estimates the original signs. It encodes the difference between the original coefficient signs and the estimated signs. We also propose a speeding up technique for the estimation, utilizing concepts of Gray code and transform matrix decomposition. Compared to JM16.2, the proposed technique reduces 10% bitrate in sign bits of DCT coefficients and achieves 1% BD-bitrate reduction in total bitstream. With the speeding up technique, complexities increase only 8% and 5% on an encoder and a decoder side, respectively.
Change in tumor cellularity of breast carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a variable in the pathologic assessment of response (2004)

Cellularity of the tumor mass was reduced significantly by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the change varied widely in different categories of clinical response. Although residual tumors measuring < or =1 cm in greatest dimension had the most reduction in tumor cellularity, there was broad variability for all residual tumor groups (pT1-pT3). The frequency distribution of residual tumor size was altered markedly by the inclusion of tumor cellularity, indicating that the product of pathologic size and tumor cellularity may provide more accurate pathologic response information than tumor size alone.