gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Transduction of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells with Subgroup B Fiber-Modified Adenovirus Vectors Enhances Transgene-Encoded Antigen Presentation to Cytotoxic T Cells (2001)

The efficiency of dendritic cells (DC) as immunotherapeutic vaccines critically depends on optimal delivery of target Ags. Although DC modified by subgroup C type 5 recombinant adenoviruses (rAd5) provide encouraging results, their clinical application is hampered by the need for high viral titers to achieve sufficient gene transfer, due to the lack of the Ad5 fiber receptor. We now demonstrate that rAd5 carrying subgroup B Ad fibers are up to 100-fold more potent than classical rAd5 for gene transfer and expression in human DC, rAd5 with a type 35 fiber (rAd5F35) being the most efficient vector. This improvement relates to a greater and faster virus entry and to an increased transgene expression especially following DC maturation. Furthermore, these new vectors possess enhanced synergistic effects with other activation signals to trigger DC maturation. Consequently, rAd5F35-infected DC engineered to express the gp100 melanoma-associated Ag largely exceed rAd5-infected DC in activating gp100-specific CTL. Finally, the DC infection pattern of rAd5F35 is fully conserved when DC are in the vicinity of primary skin-derived fibroblasts, suggesting this vector as a candidate for in vivo targeting of DC. Thus, subgroup B fiber-modified rAd5 constitute a major breakthrough in the exploitation of ex vivo rAd-targeted DC as clinically relevant vaccines and may also be suitable for in vivo genetic modification of DC.
Adenoviral Vectors for Mucosal Vaccination Against Infectious Diseases (2005)

Adenoviral vector has been extensively studied as a vaccine platform because of its ability to induce potent cellular and humoral immunity. One main advantage of adenoviral vectors is their natural tropism for mucosal surfaces, which makes them ideal for the purpose of mucosal vaccination against pathogens that preferentially initiate infection at the mucosal site. The current understanding of mucosal immunity suggests that mucosal vaccination is far superior to parenteral vaccination in protecting mucosal surfaces. Mucosal vaccination is particularly relevant to those infections for which parenteral immunization strategies have failed to confer protection. This review examines the use of adenoviral vector at mucosal sites for infectious disease against which the current vaccination strategies have been unsuccessful in eliciting protection. Data from animal models have suggested that adenoviral vectors are effective in protecting against infections caused by HIV, herpes simplex virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We believe that these encouraging results will lead to further evaluation in clinical trials in the near future.
In Vivo Plasminogen Deficiency Reduces Fat Accumulation (2002)

Obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes are associated with a decrease in fibrinolysis, which is mediated by the plasminogen system. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of the plasminogen system in the reduced body weight of the plasminogen deficient (Plg-/-) mice. In this study we have found that the reduced body weight in Plg-/- mice is due to a reduced rate of the adipose tissue (25% less) and whole body fat (30% less) accumulation during growth in Plg-/- compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. When the mice are fed a high fat-lipogenic diet, adipose tissue accumulation increases in the Plg-/- mice indicating that the capacity for lipid filling of cells was not blocked. In addition, glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, a marker of late differentiation, was not different in the depots from WT and Plg-/- mice. The number of stromal cells (number x 10(5)/g adipose tissue), isolated from inguinal (Plg-/- 3.4 +/- 1.2. n = 6; WT 0.17 +/- 0.07, n = 7, p < 0.02) and gonadal (Plg-/- 11.0 +/- 0.4, n = 6; WT 3.1 +/- 0.7, n = 7, p < 0.05) fat depots. was markedly higher in the depots from the Plg-/- mice than WT mice. Differentiation of stromal cells in culture from the Plg-/- mice was reduced compared to cells from WT mice. These results suggest that differences in the stromal cell population are responsible for the reduced adipose tissue accumulation in the Plg-/- mice, and that the plasminogen system plays an important role in adipose tissue accumulation.
Dynamic file migration in distributed computer systems (1990)

The importance of file migration is increasing because of its potential to improve the performance of distributed office, manufacturing and hospital information systems. To encourage research in the file migration problem, the authors summarize accomplishments of researchers of the problem, provide a detailed comparison of file migration and dynamic file allocation problems, and identify important areas of research to support the development of effective file migration policies.
Training of Aquatic Ecosystem Scientists: Continue to Languish or Accept Our Responsibilities? (1995)

The inhabitants of lower Kurram still practice medicinal plants and few of the plants were used for treatment of fatal diseases like malaria, hepatitis and blood cancer. Haphazard cutting of plants and overgrazing are major threats that can affect plants biodiversity.
The role of routine polio immunization in the post-certification era. (2004)

The role of routine vaccination against poliomyelitis for the post-certification era remains an important area for policy decision-making. Two critical decisions need to be taken: first, to continue or discontinue vaccination with the live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV); and second, if OPV is to be discontinued, whether vaccination with inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is needed. Four potential vaccination scenarios can be constructed: stop all polio vaccination; continue with current vaccination policies (OPV, IPV, or sequential schedule); discontinue OPV, but continue IPV universally; or discontinue OPV, but continue IPV in selected countries. All possible scenarios require continued investments in a surveillance and response strategy, including a stockpile of polio vaccine. Continuing vaccination would limit the savings that could be applied to the control of other health priorities. This report reviews the key issues associated with each scenario, highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each scenario, and outlines the major challenges for policy decision-making.
A novel self-aligned gate-overlapped LDD poly-Si TFT with high reliability and performance (2002)

Gate-overlapped LDD poly-Si TFT fabricated by using poly Si-sidewall gates self-alignment process (Sa-GOLD), is proposed. The Sa-GOLD TFTs are suitable for high-speed operation because of small overlapping capacitance and large transconductance. Furthermore, they can reduce the drain electric field, and provide high reliability against drain-avalanche hot-carrier.
Drawing a single nanofibre over hundreds of microns (1998)

We demonstrate that the limits of drawing of fibre can be pushed down to nanometre dimensions. By a process similar to dry-spinning, nanofibres can be drawn with ultimate dimensions comparable with the ones of single-wall carbon nanotubes. An important difference with tubes is that our nanofibres are produced one at a time. It is also shown that the nanofibre can be positionned precisely on a surface during fabrication, and can then be cut or manipulated by an AFM tip.
Probabilistic identification of streptomycetes using miniaturized physiological tests (1991)

A frequency matrix of positive results for phena defined in a previous phenetic classification was constructed. A total of 329 physiological characters from 782 strains was taken as the basis for this identification matrix. The minimum number of diagnostic characters for the matrix was selected using computer programs for calculation of different separation indices (CHARSEP) and selection of group diagnostic properties (DIACHAR). The resulting matrix consisted of 52 phena versus 50 characters. Overlap of phena was found to be relatively small (OVERMAT program). Identification scores for the most typical hypothetical organism of each phenon was satisfactory (MOSTTYP program). The matrix was evaluated theoretically and practically (MATIDEN program). For members of major clusters and subclusters, e.g. Streptomyces albidoflavus, S. halstedii, S. griseus, S. fradiae, S. rimosus and S. albus, identification scores were high. Organisms of phena containing only small numbers of strains could be identified correctly, but with lower accuracy. The identification rate of the matrix (Willcox probability &gt; 0.90) in the theoretical evaluation was 84.39%, and in the practical evaluation 78.12%.
Expression of a novel form of Tec kinase in hematopoietic cells and mapping of the gene to chromosome 5 near Kit. (1993)

The Tec kinase was initially identified as a novel cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase that is preferentially expressed in the liver and is highly homologous to the Drosophila Dsrc28C src-related tyrosine kinase. In screening of interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent myeloid leukemia cells for protein tyrosine kinases, we observed that all cell lines examined expressed high levels of Tec transcripts. However, characterization of Tec cDNAs indicated that they differed significantly from the published sequence. Most strikingly, an insertion of 41 bp in the 5' region affects the initiation codon and results in replacing the published 13 amino acid amino-terminal sequences with 94 amino acids. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, only the form containing the insertion was detected in hematopoietic cells. In addition, we found an in-frame insertion of 66 bp that introduces an additional 22 amino acids into the SH3 domain. This insertion restores conserved SH3 sequences that are found in the src gene family and in the Dsrc28C gene. By PCR analysis, approximately equal levels of Tec transcripts containing the intact SH3 domain and containing the 22 amino acid deletion were found in hematopoietic cells. Lastly, by interspecies backcross analysis, we show that the Tec gene is tightly linked to the c-Kit gene on mouse chromosome 5.
Optimization of the Ni−Y Catalyst Composition in Bulk Electric Arc Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Use of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (2004)

The influence of Ni−Y catalyst composition on the bulk scale synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is studied using solution phase near-infrared spectroscopy. We found that a wide range of catalyst concentrations (3−6 atom % Ni and 1−2 atom % Y), allow efficient production of high-purity as-prepared (AP-) SWNT soot. The broad window of acceptable synthetic parameters found in this study suggests that there is an opportunity to scale-up the electric arc (EA) discharge synthesis of SWNTs to the industrial level. Significant deviations of the concentrations of either Ni or Y outside the optimum parameters result in a degradation in the quality and yield of the AP-SWNT soot.
The receptor for the subgroup A avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses binds to subgroup A but not to subgroup C envelope glycoprotein (1994)

The putative subgroup A avian leukosis-sarcoma virus (ALSV) receptor (Tva) was recently cloned by gene transfer (P. Bates, J. A. Young, and H. E. Varmus, Cell 74:1043-1051, 1993; J. A. T. Young, P. Bates, and H. E. Varmus, J. Virol. 67:1811-1816, 1993). Susceptibility to infection by subgroup A ALSV is conferred on cells upon transfection with cDNAs encoding tva. The hypothesis that tva encodes a specific receptor for subgroup A ALSV predicts that the Tva protein should bind to subgroup A, but not to subgroup C, envelope glycoprotein. In this study, we examined this prediction by using several biochemical assays. We established stable NIH 3T3 cell lines expressing either Tva, the subgroup A envelope glycoprotein (Env-A), or the subgroup C envelop glycoprotein (Env-C) and used them in conjunction with soluble forms of these molecules to demonstrate specific binding. When cell lysates containing Tva were mixed with lysates of either Env-A or Env-C, an immunoprecipitable complex formed between Tva and Env-A but not between Tva and Env-C. A soluble, oligomeric form, of Env-A, not Env-C, binds to cells expressing Tva. Reciprocally, a secreted form of Tva can bind to cells expressing Env-A but not to cells expressing Env-C. A specific and stable complex formed between soluble Env-A and secreted Tva as demonstrated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Thus, by three kinds of assays, Tva appears to bind specifically to Env-A, which is consistent with genetic evidence that it serves as the cell surface receptor of subgroup A ALSV and the main determinant of subgroup specificity.
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of dioxopyrrolopyrroles as potential low‐affinity fluorescent Ca2+ indicators (2004)

Three new low‐affinity fluorescent Ca 2+ indicators excitable with visible light, namely 3‐phenyl‐6‐(4‐(3‐carboxymethoxy‐4‐(N,N‐dicarboxymethylamino)phenyl)phenyl)‐2,5‐dicarboxymethyl‐1,4‐ dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione (DPP1), 3‐phenyl‐6‐(5‐(3‐carboxymethoxy‐4‐(N,N‐dicarboxymethylamino) phenyl)thien‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐dicarboxymethyl‐1,4‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione (DPP2) and 3‐ (thien‐2‐yl)‐6‐(5‐(3‐carboxymethoxy‐4‐(N,N‐dicarboxymethylamino)phenyl)thien‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐dicarboxymethyl‐ 1,4‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione (DPP3) have been synthesized and evaluated for their Ca 2+ binding properties via fluorimetric titrations. The in vitro dissociation constant K d measured at 21 ∘ C in 100 mM KCl buffered solution, pH 7.05, for the Ca 2+ –DPP1 complex is 10 μ M; for Ca 2+ –DPP2 and Ca 2+ –DPP3 a K d value of 20 μ M is found. All three indicators form 1: 1 complexes with Ca 2+ . The fluorescence quantum yields of the uncomplexed forms of DPP1, DPP2 and DPP3 are 1.2 × 10 −2 , 3.4 × 10 −2 and 3.6 × 10 −2 , respectively. After binding to Ca 2+ these values increase to 4.8 × 10 −2 , 5.0 × 10 −2 and 5.1 × 10 −2 , respectively.
Influence of Estrogens on Mouse Uterine Epidermal Growth Factor Precursor Protein and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (1988)

Estrogens stimulate the in vivo proliferation of epithelial cells of the mouse uterus. The cumulative evidence from several earlier studies suggests that the mitogenic effect of estrogens is mediated indirectly through a polypeptide growth factor. The primary focus of the present investigation was to determine whether an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related polypeptide originates in the uterus of the immature or adult mouse under normal or altered estrogen status. Hybridization experiments revealed the presence of the 4.7-kilobase prepro-EGF mRNA in uteri of immature CD-1 mice. The level of this mRNA was augmented at least 2-fold in immature mice treated for 4 days with estrogen, but levels remained markedly low compared to those in submaxillary gland or kidney. Two preparations of pooled uterine luminal fluid from estrogen-treated immature mice contained EGF immunoreactivity (1.2 and 1.7 ng/ml) that was stable in response to acid (50 mM acetic acid) and heat. Negligible EGF (less than 20 pg/uterus) was detected in acid extracts of uteri from ovariectomized or cycling adult mice. After injection of 17 beta-estradiol (0.2 or 2.0 micrograms, ip), the levels of acid-extractable uterine EGF in ovariectomized adult mice up to 48 h after treatment were not different from those obtained with vehicle alone. Immunolocalization of EGF in the mouse uterus was demonstrated only after paraffin sections were first briefly treated with pronase. Staining was observed along the borders of luminal and glandular epithelial cells, especially at the apical region of the cells. Some staining was also observed in the myometrium; stromal cells were negative. Synthesis of the reactive material was apparently estrogen independent, since localization was retained in uteri of both ovariectomized and immature mice. Immunoblots of preparations of membranes from uterine homogenates or epithelial cells revealed a band at mol wt of about 130,000, which, along with other findings of the present study, suggests that EGF occurs predominantly as the membrane-bound precursor form in this organ, as has been previously shown for the kidney. Although the biological role of the precursor in the uterus is not known, we speculate that estrogens function in an autocrine circuit by stimulating processing of the membrane-bound EGF precursor. EGF elaborated by this mechanism might conceivably react with known complementary receptors on uterine epithelial cells to stimulate proliferation.
Influence of Partial Substitution of Te by Se and Ge by Sn on the Properties of the Blu-ray Phase-Change Material Ge8Sb2Te11 (2012)

The opto-electronic properties of the Blu-ray phase-change material Ge8Sb2Te11 were investigated and compared to partially substituted compounds. Investigations were performed on Ge8Sb2Te6Se5 (I) and SnGe7Sb2Te7Se4 (II). To monitor the influence of substitution on both cation and anion sites onto the properties, in Ge8Sb2Te6Se5, only Te was substituted by Se, while in SnGe7Sb2Te7Se4, Ge also was partially replaced by Sn, yielding an equivalent degree of substitution. The crystallization of the amorphous compound to a rhombohedral phase was observed. The first transition temperature (Tc1) is 210 °C for I and 185 °C for II, while the second transition temperature (Tc2) cannot be clearly determined, because of the coexistence of both phases. Thin-film properties were examined and an increase of density and roughness was observed for both materials upon crystallization. In situ electrical resistance measurements show a huge electrical contrast between the amorphous samples and the crystalline samples, which amounts to 4 orders of magnitude for II and 5 orders of magnitude for I. Optical properties were characterized with variable incident-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) and Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Substitution leads to an enormous increase of the reflectivity contrast for blue light: The reflectivity contrast between the different phases increases from 20% to 50% for I and from 20% to 74% for II.
Toowoomba, Queensland's quiet achiever (2014)

Long the quiet achiever of Queensland real estate, Toowoomba is set for a fresh wave of growth as a series of major developments transform the Garden City
A Cytotoxic Triterpene Saponin from the Root Bark of Aralia dasyphylla (1999)

A novel triterpene saponin (1) was isolated from an ethanol extract of the root bark of Aralia dasyphylla. Its structure was elucidated as 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl- ole anolic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, according to spectral and chemical evidence. Compound 1 showed significant cytotoxic activity against KB and Hela-S(3) cells.
High sensitivity, high resolution X‐ray photoelectron analysis of InN (2003)

Only very few compositional surface and bulk studies of InN have been performed. It is known that there is a strong oxide presence on the surface of InN. We used a high sensitivity, high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) system to study RF-sputtered and MBE grown InN samples. The energy resolution of the XPS system is such that the oxide and hydroxide contribution to the O1s peak can be easily resolved. 3 keV Ar ion milling was used to examine the bulk properties of the samples. The In3d5, N1s, C1s and O1s peaks were all examined for the samples studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical absorption measurements were also used to help characterize the sample surfaces and it is shown that the shifts in the lattice constant for degenerate material appears to be unrelated to oxygen content. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Defective innate immunity in inflammatory bowel disease: a Crohnʼs disease exclusivity? (2011)

Recent advances continue to highlight defects in innate immunity in Crohn's patients. Similar abnormalities may extend to other granulomatous disorders, but not diseases such as ulcerative colitis.
Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Directed against Cells Expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope of Primary or Laboratory-Adapted Strains by Human and Chimpanzee Monoclonal Antibodies of Different Epitope Specificities (1998)

The characteristics of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) directed by a panel of human and chimpanzee antienvelope (anti-Env) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of different epitope specificities were studied; this was accomplished by using target cells expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Envs of either primary or laboratory-adapted strains. Human MAbs of similar apparent affinities (1 x 10(9) to 2 x 10(9) liters/mol) against either a "cluster II"-overlapping epitope of gp41 or against the CD4 binding site, V3 loop, or C5 domain of gp120 directed substantial and comparable levels of specific lysis against targets infected with laboratory-adapted strains of HIV-1. As expected, those MAbs specific for relatively conserved regions of Env generally exhibited ADCC activity against a broader range of HIV-1 strains than those directed against variable epitopes. Significant ADCC activities of selected MAbs against primary isolate Env-expressing cells were demonstrated. In addition, a new ADCC epitope in the V2 domain of gp120 was defined. CD56+ cells were demonstrated to be the effector cells in these studies by fluorescence-activated cell sorting followed by ADCC assays. Notably, all anti-Env MAbs tested in this study, including MAbs directed against each of the known neutralization epitope clusters in gp120, directed significant levels of ADCC against targets expressing Env of one or more HIV-1 strains. These results imply that many, if not most, HIV-1-neutralizing human Abs of high affinity (> or = 3 x 10(8) liters/mol in these studies) and of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass (i.e., the predominate IgG subclass) are capable of directing ADCC. Since neutralizing Abs have been associated with long-term survival following HIV-1 infection, this suggests that ADCC activity may be beneficial in vivo.
PointConv: Deep Convolutional Networks on 3D Point Clouds (2018)

Unlike images which are represented in regular dense grids, 3D point clouds are irregular and unordered, hence applying convolution on them can be difficult. In this paper, we extend the dynamic filter to a new convolution operation, named PointConv. PointConv can be applied on point clouds to build deep convolutional networks. We treat convolution kernels as nonlinear functions of the local coordinates of 3D points comprised of weight and density functions. With respect to a given point, the weight functions are learned with multi-layer perceptron networks and density functions through kernel density estimation. The most important contribution of this work is a novel reformulation proposed for efficiently computing the weight functions, which allowed us to dramatically scale up the network and significantly improve its performance. The learned convolution kernel can be used to compute translation-invariant and permutation-invariant convolution on any point set in the 3D space. Besides, PointConv can also be used as deconvolution operators to propagate features from a subsampled point cloud back to its original resolution. Experiments on ModelNet40, ShapeNet, and ScanNet show that deep convolutional neural networks built on PointConv are able to achieve state-of-the-art on challenging semantic segmentation benchmarks on 3D point clouds. Besides, our experiments converting CIFAR-10 into a point cloud showed that networks built on PointConv can match the performance of convolutional networks in 2D images of a similar structure.