gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AC floating-body effects in submicron fully depleted (FD) SOI nMOSFETs and the impact on analog applications (1998)

We report the impact of submicron fully depleted (FD) SOI MOSFET technology on device AC characteristics and the resultant effects on analog circuit issues. The weak DC kink and high frequency AC kink dispersion in FD SOI still degrade circuit performance in terms of distortion and low-frequency noise requirements. These issues raise concerns about FD devices for mixed-mode applications. Therefore, further device optimization such as source/drain engineering is still necessary to solve the aforementioned issues for FD SOI. On the other hand, partially depleted SOI MOSFET with body contact structures provide an alternative technology for RF/baseband analog applications.
Evemt Localization in a Continuous Scintillation Detector Using Digital Processing (1986)

We have designed, constructed and begun to evaluate a two-dimensional position-sensitive detector which will be used in a multi-slice PET scanner. We have measured 5.2 mm transverse and 6.0 mm axial spatial resolution, with an array of thirty 5-cm PMTs (10-columns by 3 rows). The pulses are shortened and integrated for 240 nsec, which results in a countrate capability of up to 1 Mcps without significant loss of spatial resolution. Although the one-dimensional detector upon which this one is based used analog processing to determine the position of an event, we now use digital processing because of the potential advantages it offers. We can implement variable integration which allows one to choose the optimal setting for high countrate capability and best spatial resolution. Resolution did not improve with longer integration times to the degree expected; however, at 240-nsec integration time resolution was only 0.6 mm worse than the best resolution achieved with longer integration time. This shorter integration time considerably extends our countrate capability and may obviate the need for variable integration for all but the highest countrates. The ability to perform position arithmetics more complicated than a simple centroid calculation might also help localizing the event in two dimensions. Digital processing allows us to use different biases for the transverse and axial centroid calculations, and to vary the bias as a function of position, which helps to extend the useful area.
MEMS-based microspectrometer technologies for NIR and MIR wavelengths (2009)

Commercially manufactured near-infrared (NIR) instruments became available about 50 years ago. While they have been designed for laboratory use in a controlled environment and boast high performance, they are generally bulky, fragile and maintenance intensive, and therefore expensive to purchase and maintain. Micromachining is a powerful technique to fabricate micromechanical parts such as integrated circuits. It was perfected in the 1980s and led to the invention of micro electro mechanical systems (MEMSs). The three characteristic features of MEMS fabrication technologies are miniaturization, multiplicity and microelectronics. Combined, these features allow the batch production of compact and rugged devices with integrated intelligence. In order to build more compact, more rugged and less expensive NIR instruments, MEMS technology has been successfully integrated into a range of new devices. In the first part of this paper we discuss the UWA MEMS-based Fabry–Pérot spectrometer, its design and issues to be solved. MEMS-based Fabry–Pérot filters primarily isolate certain wavelengths by sweeping across an incident spectrum and the resulting monochromatic signal is detected by a broadband detector. In the second part, we discuss other microspectrometers including other Fabry–Pérot spectrometer designs, time multiplexing devices and mixed time/space multiplexing devices.
Suggestive association between PLA2G12A single nucleotide polymorphism rs2285714 and response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration. (2012)

Data suggest a possible weak association between rs2285714 (PLA2G12A) and response to anti-VEGF therapy, but the association must be confirmed in additional cohorts with larger patient samples. Identifying factors that predict the differentiated response could provide a valuable assay for developing approaches in personalized medicine.
Development of a recombinant HSP110-HER-2/neu vaccine using the chaperoning properties of HSP110. (2002)

Several studies have shown that when purified from a tumor, certain heat shock proteins (HSPs) can function as effective vaccines against the same tumor by virtue of their ability to bind tumor-specific peptides. However, only a small fraction of the associated peptides would be expected to be immunogenic, in addition to which, the clinical application of this vaccine requires the availability of a surgical specimen of sufficient quantity for purification of the HSP. The present study describes a new approach for the development of natural HSP vaccines that do not have these limitations. This approach uses a recombinant HSP that is noncovalently bound to a recombinant tumor protein antigen by heat shock. HSP110 has been selected for this purpose, because it has been shown to be a highly efficient molecular chaperone in binding to large protein substrates. We show that a "natural chaperone complex" between HSP110 and the intracellular domain (ICD) of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein (HER-2)/neu is formed by heat shock. This HSP110-ICD vaccine elicited both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses against ICD as determined by an antigen-specific IFN-gamma production in an enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT). In vivo depletion studies revealed that the CD8(+) T-cell response was independent of CD4(+) T-cell help. The HSP110-ICD complex also significantly enhanced ICD-specific antibody responses relative to that seen with ICD alone. No CD8(+) T cell or antibody response was detected against HSP110. The use of recombinant HSP110 to form natural chaperone complexes with large protein antigens represents a new and powerful approach for the design of protein-targeted cancer vaccines.
Mechanical properties and biomechanical compatibility of porous titanium for dental implants (1985)

Titanium powder with a granule diameter of 420-500 micron was prepared and porous titanium specimens were made from this powder. The mechanical properties of these specimens were examined. The compressive strength and low cyclic compressive fatigue strength were 182 and 40 MPa, respectively. Fractography was also observed by scanning electron microscopy. Typical fatigue characteristics of the bonding areas of the powder were observed. In addition, porous-titanium-coated dental implants with pure titanium cores were prepared. The compressive strength of the material used was 230 MPa, fatigue strength not being improved. Biomechanical stress calculations using the finite element method were made using a model that employed the use of the material implanted in alveolar bone. Shear stress at the implant-bone interface as well as compressive stress concentrations in the bone was calculated. The most suitable elastic modulus for the dental implant was then estimated from these calculations. Finally, based on these results, the use of porous titanium for dental implants was assessed.
Stability and Mismatch Discrimination of Locked Nucleic Acid–DNA Duplexes (2011)

Locked nucleic acids (LNA; symbols of bases, +A, +C, +G, and +T) are introduced into chemically synthesized oligonucleotides to increase duplex stability and specificity. To understand these effects, we have determined thermodynamic parameters of consecutive LNA nucleotides. We present guidelines for the design of LNA oligonucleotides and introduce free online software that predicts the stability of any LNA duplex oligomer. Thermodynamic analysis shows that the single strand-duplex transition is characterized by a favorable enthalpic change and by an unfavorable loss of entropy. A single LNA modification confines the local conformation of nucleotides, causing a smaller, less unfavorable entropic loss when the single strand is restricted to the rigid duplex structure. Additional LNAs adjacent to the initial modification appear to enhance stacking and H-bonding interactions because they increase the enthalpic contributions to duplex stabilization. New nearest-neighbor parameters correctly forecast the positive and negative effects of LNAs on mismatch discrimination. Specificity is enhanced in a majority of sequences and is dependent on mismatch type and adjacent base pairs; the largest discriminatory boost occurs for the central +C·C mismatch within the +T+C+C sequence and the +A·G mismatch within the +T+A+G sequence. LNAs do not affect specificity in some sequences and even impair it for many +G·T and +C·A mismatches. The level of mismatch discrimination decreases the most for the central +G·T mismatch within the +G+G+C sequence and the +C·A mismatch within the +G+C+G sequence. We hypothesize that these discrimination changes are not unique features of LNAs but originate from the shift of the duplex conformation from B-form to A-form.
Determination of free follistatin levels in sera of normal subjects and patients with various diseases (1996)

We developed an assay system for measuring free follistatin by using an anti-follistatin mouse monoclonal antibody and [125I]activin A. The sensitivity of this assay was 0.5 microgram/l and cross-reactivities with inhibin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and growth hormone were all less than 0.5%. The dose-response curves of human sera and follicular fluid were parallel to the standard curve, and the follicular fluid contained a large amount of follistatin (6.4 +/- 0.5 mg/l, mean +/- SEM; N = 13). The within- and between-assay coefficients of variation calculated from the analysis of serum samples of four different concentrations were 3.3-7.8% and 3.9-11.0%, respectively. The recovery rates of free follistatin at five different doses were 86.4 - 102.4%. When activin A was added to the same sample, free follistatin recovery rate declined dose-dependently. Gel filtration analyses of human serum and follicular fluid resulted in a single peak corresponding to authentic follistatin. Using this assay, free follistatin concentrations in sera were measured in normal, pregnant and diseased subjects. The free follistatin level in serum of normal adults was 3.5 +/- 0.2 micrograms/l (N = 60), which was significantly elevated in pregnant women (16.7 +/- 1.3 micrograms/l, N = 56), and in patients with chronic liver disease (8.1 +/- 1.1 micrograms/l, N = 20), chronic renal failure (6.7 +/- 0.9 micrograms/l, N = 42), advanced solid cancer (8.5 +/- 1.0 micrograms/l, N = 39) and hematological malignancies (6.8 +/- 1.0 micrograms/l, N = 18). These data indicated that the free follistatin concentration in serum is detectable and varies during pregnancy and in various diseased states.
Four Chamber Pacing in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (1994)

A 54-year-old man received a four chamber pacing system for severe congestive heart failure (NYHA functional Class IV). His ECG showed a left bundle branch block (200-msec QRS duration) with 200-msec PR interval, normal QRS axis, and 90-msec interatrial interval. An acute hemodynamic study with insertion of four temporary leads was performed prior to the implant, which demonstrated a significant increase in cardiac output and decrease of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. A permanent pacemaker was implanted based on the encouraging results of the acute study. The right chamber leads were introduced by cephalic and subclavian approaches. The left atrium was paced with a coronary sinus lead, Medtronic SP 2188-58 model. An epicardial Medtronic 5071 lead was placed on the LV free wall. The four leads were connected to a standard bipolar DDD pacemaker, Chorus 6234. The two atrial leads were connected via a Y-connector to the atrial channel of the pacemaker with a bipolar pacing configuration. The two ventricular leads were connected in a similar fashion to the ventricular channel of the device. The right chamber leads were connected to the distal poles. The left chamber leads were connected to the proximal poles of the pacemaker. Six weeks later, the patient's clinical status improved markedly with a weight loss of 17 kg and disappearance of peripheral edema. His functional class was reduced to NYHA II. Four chamber pacing is technically feasible. In patients with evidence of interventricular dyssynchrony, this original pacing mode probably provides a mechanical activation sequence closer to the natural one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The isomerization of maleic acid in aqueous solutions (1956)

M. Davies and F. P. Evans, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1956, 52, 74 DOI: 10.1039/TF9565200074
Detecting Chemical Hazards with Temperature-Programmed Microsensors: Overcoming Complex Analytical Problems with Multidimensional Databases (2009)

Complex analytical problems, such as detecting trace quantities of hazardous chemicals in challenging environments, require solutions that most effectively extract relevant information about a sample's composition. This review presents a chemiresistive microarray-based approach to identifying targets that combines temperature-programmed elements capable of rapidly generating analytically rich data sets with statistical pattern recognition algorithms for extracting multivariate chemical fingerprints. We describe the chemical-microsensor platform and discuss its ability to generate orthogonal data through materials selection and temperature programming. Visual inspection of data sets reveals device selectivity, but statistical analyses are required to perform more complex identification tasks. Finally, we discuss recent advances in both devices and algorithms necessary to deal with practical issues involved in long-term deployment. These issues include identification and correction of signal drift, challenges surrounding real-time unsupervised operation, repeatable device manufacturability, and hierarchical classification schemes designed to deduce the chemical composition of untrained analyte species.
Charge fluctuations in Coulomb systems (1983)

It was shown by Martin and Yalcin that the mean-square fluctuation $〈{Q}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{2}〉$ in the net electric charge ${Q}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ contained in a subregion $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ of an infinitely extended equilibrium Coulomb system (plasma, electrolytes, etc.) grows only as the surface area ${S}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ (not the volume) of $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and that $\frac{{Q}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}{\sqrt{{S}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}}$ has a Gaussian distribution as $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. We extend these results to joint charge fluctuations in different spatial regions: Let space be divided into disjoint regions ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{i}$, $i=1,2,\dots{}$, say, cubes of length $L$. We show that as $L\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, the covariance in $\frac{{Q}_{{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{i}}}{L}$ behaves as ${L}^{\ensuremath{-}2}〈{Q}_{{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{i}}{Q}_{{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{j}})=\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{6}{L}^{\ensuremath{-}2}〈{Q}_{{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{i}}^{2}〉=\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{6}K$ if ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{i}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{j}$ are adjacent, and is zero if they do not have a common face. Furthermore, the variables $\frac{{Q}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}{L}$ approach, as $L\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, a jointly Gaussian distribution. These results can be proven rigorously whenever the correlations in the system decay faster than the fourth power of the distance, which is known to happen in many cases. This behavior of charge fluctuations is shown to be required for the consistency of the usual statistical-mechanical treatment of neutralmolecular systems.
Coherent and Exact Polygon-to-Polygon Visibility. (2005)

Visibility computation is a classical problem in computer graphics. A wide variety of algorithms provides solutions with a different accuracy. However, the four dimensional nature of the 3D visibility has prevented for a long time from leading to exact from-polygon visibility algorithms. Recently, the two first tractable solutions were presented by Nirenstein, then Bittner. Their works give the opportunity to design exact visibility tools for applications that require a high level of accuracy. This paper presents an approach that takes advantage of both Nirenstein and Bittner methods. On the one hand, it relies on an optimisation of Nirenstein’s algorithm that increases the visibility information coherence and the computation robustness. On the other hand, it provides an exact visibility data structure as Bittner does, but also suited for non-oriented polygon-to-polygon visibility queries. Exact visibility, CSG, Plücker space
Exploring Dynamics of PRODYs with International Trade Data (2015)

Economists have used the concept of PRODYs to evaluate the added values to different traded products. Are PRODYs of products relatively constant or keeping changing? Little work has been done to answer this question. This study uses the International Trade Data from 1984 to 2010 to explore the dynamics of PRODYs. For a product, its PRODY is usually calculated as the weighted GDP per capital of countries who export the product. With the increase of most countries GDPs per capital, PRODYs of most products tends to increase. We created the PRODY-order data set for every year from 1984 to 2010, and found different dynamic patterns. Some products' PRODY-orders tend to increase and some tend to decrease. This study implies when doing international comparisons, people should be careful that products' relative PRODYs (PRODY-orders) could be changing.
Automatic Vehicle Guidance: the Experience of the ARGO Autonomous Vehicle (1999)

This book surveys the history of automatic vehicle guidance based on the processing of visual information, starting from the very first projects worldwide up to the latest developments. It also presents the ARGO prototype vehicle, developed at the University of Parma (Italy), and describes its equipment, setup, and performance. ARGO has been equipped with cameras and processing systems to drive autonomously in real traffic conditions. The complete system has been tested on public roads, during a tour in which ARGO drove itself along the Italian highway network for more than 2000 km. A detailed analysis of this trip is also included
Seed storage proteins: structures and biosynthesis. (1995)

SFA8 d. castor bean albumins NH2 e. sunflower albumins Prolamins f. tf-glladln (S-rlch
The role of domain coverage and consensus in a network of learning and problem solving systems (1992)

As members of a group begin to interact and solve problems, a group schema evolves. This group cognitive structure is the result of realized consensus about and coverage of the problem domain of the group; and it becomes the mechanism by which the group structures and solves problems. The authors describe how a technological agent can be used to control and enhance the evolution of the group schema by creating an environment which facilitates consensus and coverage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Regulation of Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 2 (ABCC2) by the Nuclear Receptors Pregnane X Receptor, Farnesoid X-activated Receptor, and Constitutive Androstane Receptor (2002)

The multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2, ABCC2), mediates the efflux of several conjugated compounds across the apical membrane of the hepatocyte into the bile canaliculi. We identified MRP2 in a screen designed to isolate genes that are regulated by the farnesoid X-activated receptor (FXR, NR1H4). MRP2 mRNA levels were induced following treatment of human or rat hepatocytes with either naturally occurring (chenodeoxycholic acid) or synthetic (GW4064) FXR ligands. In addition, we have shown that MRP2 expression is regulated by the pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3). Thus, treatment of rodent hepatocytes with PXR or CAR agonists results in a robust induction of MRP2 mRNA levels. The dexamethasone- and pregnenolone 16alpha-carbonitrile-dependent induction of MRP2 expression was not evident in hepatocytes derived from PXR null mice. In contrast, induction of MRP2 by phenobarbital, an activator of CAR, was comparable in wild-type and PXR null mice. An unusual 26-bp sequence was identified 440 bp upstream of the MRP2 transcription initiation site that contains an everted repeat of the AGTTCA hexad separated by 8 nucleotides (ER-8). PXR, CAR, and FXR bound with high affinity to this element as heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha, NR2B1). Luciferase reporter gene constructs containing 1 kb of the rat MRP2 promoter were prepared and transiently transfected into HepG2 cells. Luciferase activity was induced in a PXR-, CAR-, or FXR-dependent manner. Furthermore, the isolated ER-8 element was capable of conferring PXR, CAR, and FXR responsiveness on a heterologous thymidine kinase promoter. Mutation of the ER-8 element abolished the nuclear receptor response. These studies demonstrate that MRP2 is regulated by three distinct nuclear receptor signaling pathways that converge on a common response element in the 5'-flanking region of this gene.
Rituximab in the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, focus on outcomes and comparative effectiveness (2010)

Rituximab is an important and well established component in the treatment of many patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In this paper we review recent clinical trials investigating the addition of rituximab to standard chemotherapy regimens for treatment of patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. This report focuses upon treatment efficacy, quality of life, and safety of rituximab or rituximab-containing regimens. More uniquely, we review economic aspects of lymphoma treatments, including the cost of standard chemotherapy regimens with or without rituximab, cost effectiveness of rituximab in both induction and maintenance treatment, and lymphoma's impacts on patient's productivity and their caregivers. We conclude that adding rituximab to standard chemotherapy treatment for patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma is safe and cost-effective in numerous settings during both induction and maintenance therapies. Despite extensive review of the literature, many important questions have yet to be answered in the rituximab era and these represent important directions for future study.