gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and phenolic contents of eleven salvia species from iran. (2013)

The plants of the genus Salvia synthesize several types of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and radical scavenging activities and are used in the folk medicine of different countries. Eleven Salvia species including S. aegyptiaca, S. aethiopis, S. atropatana, S. eremophila, S. hypoleuca, S. limbata, S. nemorosa, S. santolinifolia, S. sclarea, S. syriaca, and S. xanthocheila were collected from different localities in Iran and screened for their cytotoxic activity using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. The antioxidant potential and total phenol contents of the plant extracts were assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and Folin- Ciocalteu reagent respectively and finally antimicrobial activity of the above extracts were determined by using agar disc diffusion (ADD) and nutrient broth micro-dilution (NBMD) bioassays. Cytotoxic activity of methanol, 80% methanol and dichloromethane extracts of these plants were assessed on 3 human cancer cell lines. All of the extracts of S. eremophila and S. santolinifolia were active at IC50 values of 10.5-75.2 μg extract/mL, while the methanol and dichloromethane extracts of S. limbata, S. hypoleuca and S. aethiopis showed considerable cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines. Among the tested plants for their antioxidant activity, S. nemorosa, S. atropatana, S. santolinifolia, and S. eremophila were the most active radical scavengers with higher total phenol contents while, S. limbata, S. xanthocheila and S. aegyptiaca were the weakest ones. The methanol extracts of S. santolinifolia, S. eremophila, S. sclarea and S. limbata inhibited the growth of all tested bacterial strains.
Biological effects of ultraviolet radiation (1980)

Foreword Preface 1. Introduction to ultraviolet radiation 2. The study of biological UV effects 3. Interaction of UV radiation with molecules of biological importance 4. Inactivation of cells and viruses 5. Inactivation of genetic material in vitro 6. Causes of lethality 7. Recovery and repair 8. Repair-related phenomena 9. UV mutagenesis 10. UV effects on macromolecular syntheses, genetic recombination, lysogeny, and related phenomena 11. Biological effects of solar UV radiation 12. UV carcinogenesis 13. Sensitized UV effects on DNA Notes References Index.
A Mapping Flow for Dynamically Reconfigurable Multi-Core System-on-Chip Design (2011)

Nowadays, multi-core systems-on-chip (SoCs) are typically required to execute multiple complex applications, which demand a large set of heterogeneous hardware cores with different sizes. In this context, the popularity of dynamically reconfigurable platforms is growing, as they increase the ability of the initial design to adapt to future modifications. This paper presents a design flow to efficiently map multiple multi-core applications on a dynamically reconfigurable SoC. The proposed methodology is tailored for a reconfigurable hardware architecture based on a flexible communication infrastructure, and exploits applications similarities to obtain an effective mapping. We also introduce a run-time mapper that is able to introduce new applications that were not known at design-time, preserving the mapping of the original system. We apply our design flow to a real-world multimedia case study and to a set of synthetic benchmarks, showing that it is actually able to extract similarities among the applications, as it achieves an average improvement of 29% in terms of reconfiguration latency with respect to a communication-oriented approach, while preserving the same communication performance.
Ocular effects of a relatively selective α2 agonist (UK-14, 304-18) in cats, rabbits and monkeys (1986)

UK-14, 304-18 (UK), a relatively selective alpha 2-agonist, was examined for its effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in rabbits, cats and monkeys and on noradrenergic function in the cat nictitating membrane (CNM) preparation. Topical, unilateral administration of UK (0.0005-0.5 mg) produced dose-dependent decreases in IOP and pupil size in normal, unanesthetized rabbits, cats and monkeys. The ocular hypotensive effect of UK in the ipsilateral eye was delayed relative to the contralateral eye in all three species; UK produced an initial transient ocular hypertension in rabbits which was abolished by surgical transection of three major extraocular muscles. Mean arterial blood pressure in rabbits was not affected by 0.005 mg UK topically. The ocular hypotensive and miotic effects of UK were attenuated in superior cervical ganglionectomized (SX) cats and rabbits. Intra-arterially administered UK (0.33, 1.0, 3.3 and 10 micrograms) produced dose-related systemic hypotension and inhibition of contractions of the CNM elicited by electrically stimulating the pre- and postganglionic sympathetic trunks in the urethane/chloralose anesthetized cat. This inhibition was reversed and prevented by 300 micrograms rauwolscine but not by 300 micrograms domperidone. UK also enhanced the contractile response of the CNM to injected norepinephrine (10 micrograms). UK suppressed ocular hypertension induced by water loading and IOP recovery rate following hypertonic saline infusion in rabbits suggesting that aqueous flow was inhibited. These results indicate that UK lowers IOP, in part, by suppressing sympathetic neuronal function which causes a reduction in aqueous flow.
Sulfated Polysaccharides Promote the Assembly of Amyloid β1–42 Peptide into Stable Fibrils of Reduced Cytotoxicity (2008)

The histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease are the self-aggregation of the amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) in extracellular amyloid fibrils and the formation of intraneuronal Tau filaments, but a convincing mechanism connecting both processes has yet to be provided. Here we show that the endogenous polysaccharide chondroitin sulfate B (CSB) promotes the formation of fibrillar structures of the 42-residue fragment, Abeta(1-42). Atomic force microscopy visualization, thioflavin T fluorescence, CD measurements, and cell viability assays indicate that CSB-induced fibrils are highly stable entities with abundant beta-sheet structure that have little toxicity for neuroblastoma cells. We propose a wedged cylinder model for Abeta(1-42) fibrils that is consistent with the majority of available data, it is an energetically favorable assembly that minimizes the exposure of hydrophobic areas, and it explains why fibrils do not grow in thickness. Fluorescence measurements of the effect of different Abeta(1-42) species on Ca(2+) homeostasis show that weakly structured nodular fibrils, but not CSB-induced smooth fibrils, trigger a rise in cytosolic Ca(2+) that depends on the presence of both extracellular and intracellular stocks. In vitro assays indicate that such transient, local Ca(2+) increases can have a direct effect in promoting the formation of Tau filaments similar to those isolated from Alzheimer disease brains.
Microscopy and Cell Biology: New Methods and New Questions (2019)

Understanding the cellular basis of human health and disease requires the spatial resolution of microscopy and the molecular-level details provided by spectroscopy. This review highlights imaging methods at the intersection of microscopy and spectroscopy with applications in cell biology. Imaging methods are divided into three broad categories: fluorescence microscopy, label-free approaches, and imaging tools that can be applied to multiple imaging modalities. Just as these imaging methods allow researchers to address new biological questions, progress in biological sciences will drive the development of new imaging methods. We highlight four topics in cell biology that illustrate the need for new imaging tools: nanoparticle-cell interactions, intracellular redox chemistry, neuroscience, and the increasing use of spheroids and organoids. Overall, our goal is to provide a brief overview of individual imaging methods and highlight recent advances in the use of microscopy for cell biology.
Low-Abundance Drug-Resistant Viral Variants in Chronically HIV-Infected, Antiretroviral Treatment–Naive Patients Significantly Impact Treatment Outcomes (2009)

Ultra-deep sequencing identified a significantly larger proportion of HIV-infected, treatment-naive persons as harboring drug-resistant viral variants. Among participants who initiated treatment with the NNRTI strategy, the risk of VF was significantly greater for participants who had low- and high-prevalence NNRTI-resistant variants.
Bodywide skipping of exons 45–55 in dystrophic mdx52 mice by systemic antisense delivery (2012)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the commonest form of muscular dystrophy, is caused by lack of dystrophin. One of the most promising therapeutic approaches is antisense-mediated elimination of frame-disrupting mutations by exon skipping. However, this approach faces two major hurdles: limited applicability of each individual target exon and uncertain function and stability of each resulting truncated dystrophin. Skipping of exons 45-55 at the mutation hotspot of the DMD gene would address both issues. Theoretically it could rescue more than 60% of patients with deletion mutations. Moreover, spontaneous deletions of this specific region are associated with asymptomatic or exceptionally mild phenotypes. However, such multiple exon skipping of exons 45-55 has proved technically challenging. We have therefore designed antisense oligo (AO) morpholino mixtures to minimize self- or heteroduplex formation. These were tested as conjugates with cell-penetrating moieties (vivo-morpholinos). We have tested the feasibility of skipping exons 45-55 in H2K-mdx52 myotubes and in mdx52 mice, which lack exon 52. Encouragingly, with mixtures of 10 AOs, we demonstrated skipping of all 10 exons in vitro, in H2K-mdx52 myotubes and on intramuscular injection into mdx52 mice. Moreover, in mdx52 mice in vivo, systemic injections of 10 AOs induced extensive dystrophin expression at the subsarcolemma in skeletal muscles throughout the body, producing up to 15% of wild-type dystrophin protein levels, accompanied by improved muscle strength and histopathology without any detectable toxicity. This is a unique successful demonstration of effective rescue by exon 45-55 skipping in a dystrophin-deficient animal model.
3D brain mapping using a deformable neuroanatomy (1994)

This paper presents two different mathematical methods that can be used separately or in conjunction to accommodate shape variabilities between normal human neuroanatomies. Both methods use a digitized textbook to represent the complex structure of a typical normal neuroanatomy. Probabilistic transformations on the textbook coordinate system are defined to accommodate shape differences between the textbook and images of other normal neuroanatomies. The transformations are constrained to be consistent with the physical properties of deformable elastic solids in the first method and those of viscous fluids in the second. Results presented in this paper demonstrate how a single deformable textbook can be used to accommodate normal shape variability.
8-Chloro and 8-methylthio derivatives of 10-piperazino-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepins; New compounds and new procedures (1983)

The resolution of racemic clorothepin ( Ia ) was repeated and the water-soluble methanesulfonates of ( S )(+)-clorothepin and ( R )(-)-clorothepin were prepared which were used in recent studies of the stereoselectivity of action of this neuroleptic agent. Alkylation of the secondary amine VIa with 2-chloroethyl decanoate resulted in noroxyclothepin decanoate IVa whose basically catalyzed ethanolysis afforded smoothly the amino alcohol IIa . Reactions of amines VIa and VIb with 1,2-butene oxide gave the amino alcohols VIIab . Alkylation of the amine VIa with 5-bromopentan-2-one and the following reduction of the amino ketone IXa formed gave the amino alcohol VIIIa . Amino alcohols IIa and IIIb were transformed by treatment with thionyl chloride to the chloroalkylamines Xa and XIb which were used for the synthesis of mandelates XIIa, XIIIb and benzilates XIVa, XVb derived from noroxyclothepin IIa and oxyprothepin IIIb . A substitution reaction of 2,11-dichloro-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[ b,f ]thiepin with 1,4-diazabicyclo[4,3,0]nonane led to the clorothepin analogue XVI . From 2-chlorodibenzo[ b,f ]thiepin-10(11 H )-one XVII via the 11-bromo derivative XVIII the amino ketone XIX was prepared. While its reduction with sodium borohydride gave the cis -amino alcohol XXI , the reduction with diborane gave the trans -amino alcohol XXII . The pharmacological properties of the new piperazine derivatives are described; some of them showed a high degree of neuroleptic activity of various profile.
Excitatory amino acid recognition sites coupled with inositol phospholipid metabolism: developmental changes and interaction with alpha 1-adrenoceptors. (1986)

Glutamate, aspartate, ibotenate, and quisqualate activate inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in hippocampal slices prepared from brains of 6- to 8-day-old rats. The stimulation by glutamate and aspartate progressively declines during postnatal development and is negligible after the 24th day of life. In contrast, the stimulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis by norepinephrine is low in hippocampal slices from newborn animals and increases during development, reaching mature values after the 35th day of life. In adult hippocampal slices, the stimulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis elicited by norepinephrine is inhibited by glutamate in a concentration-dependent fashion. This inhibition can also be brought about by aspartate, 2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoate, and L-phosphoserine, a product of endogenous phosphatidylserine hydrolysis.
A component codec and line multiplexer (1988)

A research prototype for a 90 Mb/s component codec and line multiplexer/demultiplexer has been built to study the practical problems associated with its design and to demonstrate its use in a high-bandwidth, fiber-guide environment. The codec has substantially better than NTSC quality since NTSC artifacts are not present, and chrominance as well as luminance bandwidths exceed that of the composite picture that is currently delivered to the home. The multiplexer, demultiplexer, and clock recovery circuitry have been realized. Three channels can be asynchronously multiplexed up to the fourth-order CCITT rate of 139.264 MHz. Each channel can carry either video/audio information or a DS3 channel. In the present system, two of the channels are used to carry the total signal and the third channel is unoccupied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Requirement for MAP Kinase (ERK2) Activity in Interferon α- and Interferon β-Stimulated Gene Expression Through STAT Proteins (1995)

Activation of early response genes by interferons (IFNs) requires tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins. It was found that the serine-threonine kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [specifically, the 42-kilodalton MAPK or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2)] interacted with the alpha subunit of IFN-alpha/beta receptor in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of cells with IFN-beta induced tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of MAPK and caused MAPK and Stat1 alpha to coimmunoprecipitate. Furthermore, expression of dominant negative MAPK inhibited IFN-beta-induced transcription. Therefore, MAPK appears to regulate IFN-alpha and IFN-beta activation of early response genes by modifying the Jak-STAT signaling cascade.
Antibody Therapy in Aggressive Lymphomas (2007)

Abstract The aggressive lymphomas are potentially curable. The natural history of certain aggressive lymphomas has been altered by monoclonal antibody therapy. Targeted monoclonal antibody therapy to the CD20 antigen has altered the outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in patients of all ages. Anti-CD20–based radioimmunoconjugates are being evaluated as radioimmunotherapy approaches in patients who have relapsed and in stem cell transplant settings. Antibody-directed therapy to the B-cell–specific antigen CD22 are ongoing. New approaches include different CD20 antibodies and an antibody to the CD40 antigen, which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, which is expressed on B-cells. Antibody therapy has been incorporated into CHOP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisone) therapy and other regimens such as EPOCH (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin) and HyperCVAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone). Single-agent anti-CD20 therapy is active in the post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. T-cell antibodies are under evaluation in a number of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Targeted therapy has changed the natural history of a number of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas. This review will describe the contributions of antibody therapies to the treatment of these diseases.
Cutaneous lymphocyte antigen expression in benign and neoplastic cutaneous B‐ and T‐cell lymphoid infiltrates (2008)

CLA plays a role in the pattern of T-cell lymphocyte migration in the skin and subcutis in both reactive and neoplastic states. An alteration in the expression of this marker, whether it is in the context of the acquisition of expression in a cell that is normally CLA negative or its loss of expression, may define a key event in determining cutaneous and extracutaneous hematopoietic cell distribution.
Size-Controlled Synthesis of Monodispersed Silver Nanoparticles Capped by Long-Chain Alkyl Carboxylates from Silver Carboxylate and Tertiary Amine (2006)

Monodispersed silver nanoparticles capped by long-chain alkyl carboxylates were prepared by the reaction of silver carboxylate with tertiary amine at 80 degrees C for 2 h. This approach is a unique, size-controlled synthetic method for the large-scale preparation of silver nanoparticles. Long-chain alkyl carboxylate derived from a precursor acts as a stabilizer to avoid the aggregation of silver nanoparticles and to control particle size. In addition, amine plays an important role both as a reagent to form a thermally unstable, amine-coordinated intermediate, bis(amine)silver(I) carboxylate, and as a mild reducing agent for the intermediate to produce nanoparticles at a low temperature. The silver core and carboxylate-capping ligand of silver nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gas chromatograph mass spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. The diameter of the nanoparticles can be strongly influenced by the alkyl chain length and the structure of the carboxylate. The average diameters of the silver nanoparticles were controlled to less than 5 nm in the case of silver carboxylate with a single alkyl chain length of 13 or 17 carbon atoms. On the contrary, the average diameters of silver nanoparticles became large and polydisperse in the case of silver carboxylate with a chain length of 7 carbon atoms or a branched chain. In comparing triethylamine with trioctylamine, there was no obvious effect to regulate the size distribution of the nanoparticles because they could not function as a capping ligand of the nanoparticles due to their weak coordination to silver. In addition, the heat treatment of silver nanoparticles in solution rather than in the solid state was effective for the growth of particles while maintaining narrow size distributions.
Regulation of integrin-mediated adhesion during cell migration (1998)

Migrating cells form dynamic and highly regulated adhesive interactions with their environment. In particular, integrin-mediated adhesions to the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a central role in cell migration. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the adhesive mechanisms that regulate cell detachment at the rear of migrating fibroblasts and neutrophils. The contribution of several key adhesive regulators is discussed, including myosin mediated cell contractility, tyrosine phosphorylation, rho, calcium fluxes, and calpain. A challenge for future investigation will be to determine how adhesive events are spatially and temporally coordinated to promote productive directional cell movements.
Novel purification of vitronectin from human plasma by heparin affinity chromatography. (1988)

The glycoprotein vitronectin (also called S-protein, serum spreading factor, or epibolin) promotes spreading of a variety of cultured cells, inhibits the cytotoxicity of membrane attack complex C5b-9, and modulates thrombin-antithrombin III activity. We developed a strikingly simple method to purify vitronectin from human plasma by heparin affinity chromatography. Serum was obtained from plasma by adding calcium and then centrifuging. The heparin-binding activity of vitronectin in human serum was activated with 8 M urea. The activated vitronectin specifically bound to heparin-Sepharose in 8 M urea and was eluted with 0.5 M NaCl containing 8 M urea. This procedure resulted in an approximately 250-fold purification of vitronectin with a 15-30% recovery; 3-6 mg of pure vitronectin were obtained from 100 ml human plasma within 2 days. The purified vitronectin preparations promoted spreading of BHK fibroblastic cells on substrates with a half-maximal activity at only 0.1 microgram/ml. This new method is very simple, rapid, inexpensive, and flexible. It could probably be readily scaled up for commercial applications.
Inhibition of human activated Factor X by antithrombin III and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in human plasma. (1984)

The inhibition of activated human Factor X by human plasma protease inhibitors was investigated in both purified and plasma systems. In the former, antithrombin III, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, and alpha 2-macroglobulin, at normal plasma concentrations, markedly inhibited activated Factor X. Significant inhibition by alpha 2-antiplasmin, however, was only achieved when present at 40 times its plasma concentration. The relative rates of inhibition of activated Factor X coagulant activity in normal human plasma, antithrombin III-deficient plasma, and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor-deficient plasma were 1.0, 0.63, and 0.75, respectively. From these relative rates of inhibition and their measured concentrations in the 3 plasmas, it was calculated that antithrombin III, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, and alpha 2-macroglobulin contribute 53, 35, and 12%, respectively, to the inhibition of activated Factor X in normal human plasma. Using 125I-labeled activated Factor X and a combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis and immunoadsorption, it was then demonstrated that antithrombin III accounted for 45-55%, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, 35-40%, and alpha 2-macroglobulin, 10-15% of the inhibition of the labeled protease in normal human plasma. The values obtained with the deficient plasmas are consistent with the distribution of activated Factor X-inhibitor complexes in normal human plasma. These data show by two independent techniques, one measuring coagulant activity and the other 125I-labeled activated Factor X-inhibitor complexes, that both antithrombin III and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor are the major inhibitors of activated Factor X in normal human plasma.