gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide act synergistically to induce lethal shock and proinflammatory cytokine production (1997)

Septic shock is a major cause of death in the world. Although much is known about the role of LPS in septic shock, little is known about the role of other bacterial components. Lipoprotein (LP) is a major component of bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae. LP purified from Escherichia coli was shown to induce TNF-alpha and IL-6 production in peritoneal exudate macrophages obtained from LPS-responsive (C3H/HeOuJ) and LPS-nonresponsive (C3H/HeJ) mice. LP and LPS acted synergistically to induce cytokine production not only in C3H/HeOuJ macrophages but also in C3H/HeJ macrophages. These results suggest that LPS can induce cellular signaling in C3H/HeJ macrophages, and that LPS and LP activate macrophages via different receptors and/or signaling pathways. The role LP plays in septic shock was investigated using the mouse D-galactosamine model. LP induced lethal shock and in vivo production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in both LPS-responsive and LPS-nonresponsive mice. LPS failed to induce lethal shock or in vivo cytokine production in C3H/HeJ mice. However, LP and LPS acted synergistically in inducing lethal shock and in vivo cytokine production in both LPS-responsive and LPS-nonresponsive mice. Finally, a heat-killed preparation of an E. coli mutant strain that lacked LP was shown to be less efficient than heat-killed wild-type E. coli at inducing lethal shock in C3H/HeJ mice. Collectively, these results suggest that LP and LPS induce cytokine production via different mechanisms and that LP plays an important role in septic shock induced by bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Adhesion of human platelets to serum amyloid A (2002)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase reactant, and its level in the blood is elevated to 1000-fold in response of the body to trauma, infection, inflammation, and neoplasia. SAA was reported to inhibit platelet aggregation and to induce adhesion of leukocytes. This study looked at adhesion of human platelets to SAA. Immobilized SAA supported the adhesion of human washed platelets; level of adhesion to SAA was comparable to fibronectin and lower than to fibrinogen. Adhesion to SAA was further enhanced by Mn(2+) and the physiological agonist, thrombin. Platelet adhesion to SAA was completely abolished by anti-SAA antibody. SAA-induced adhesion was inhibited by antibodies against the integrin receptor alphaIIbbeta3, by the peptide GRGDSP and by SAA-derived peptide containing YIGSR-like and RGD-like adhesion motifs (amino acids 29 to 42). Adhesion was not inhibited by control immunoglobulin G, by antibody against the integrin receptor alphaVbeta3, by the peptide GRGESP, and by SAA-derived peptide that includes incomplete RGD motif. SAA-derived peptide 29 to 42 also inhibited platelet adhesion to fibronectin. Transfected human melanoma cells expressing alphaIIbbeta3 adhered to SAA, whereas transfected cells expressing alphaVbeta3 did not. By using flow cytometry, the alphaIIbbeta3 cells displayed significantly higher levels of binding of soluble SAA than the alphaVbeta3 cells. These data indicate that human platelets specifically adhere to SAA in an RGD- and alphaIIbbeta3-dependent manner. Thus, SAA may play a role in modulating platelet adhesion at vascular injury sites by sharing platelet receptors with other platelet-adhesive proteins.
Regional mapping of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene and the phenylketonuria locus in the human genome. (1985)

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder of amino acid metabolism caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH; phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.16.1). A cDNA clone for human PAH has previously been used to assign the corresponding gene to human chromosome 12. To define the regional map position of the disease locus and the PAH gene on human chromosome 12, DNA was isolated from human-hamster somatic cell hybrids with various deletions of human chromosome 12 and was analyzed by Southern blot analysis using the human cDNA PAH clone as a hybridization probe. From these results, together with detailed biochemical and cytogenetic characterization of the hybrid cells, the region on chromosome 12 containing the human PAH gene has been defined as 12q14.3----qter. The PAH map position on chromosome 12 was further localized by in situ hybridization of 125I-labeled human PAH cDNA to chromosomes prepared from a human lymphoblastoid cell line. Results of these experiments demonstrated that the region on chromosome 12 containing the PAH gene and the PKU locus in man is 12q22----12q24.1. These results not only provide a regionalized map position for a major human disease locus but also can serve as a reference point for linkage analysis with other DNA markers on human chromosome 12.
Sodium Ion Pumps and Hydrogen Production in Glutamate Fermenting Anaerobic Bacteria (2005)

Anaerobic bacteria ferment glutamate via two different pathways to ammonia, carbon dioxide, acetate, butyrate and molecular hydrogen. The coenzyme B12-dependent pathway in Clostridium tetanomorphum via 3-methylaspartate involves pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and a novel enzyme, a membrane-bound NADH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. The flavin- and iron-sulfur-containing enzyme probably uses the energy difference between reduced ferredoxin and NADH to generate an electrochemical Na+ gradient, which drives transport processes. The other pathway via 2-hydroxyglutarate in Acidaminococcus fermentans and Fusobacterium nucleatum involves glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase, which uses the free energy of decarboxylation to generate also an electrochemical Na+ gradient. In the latter two organisms, similar membrane-bound NADH:ferredoxin oxidoreductases have been characterized. We propose that in the hydroxyglutarate pathway these oxidoreductases work in the reverse direction, whereby the reduction of ferredoxin by NADH is driven by the Na+ gradient. The reduced ferredoxin is required for hydrogen production and the activation of radical enzymes. Further examples show that reduced ferredoxin is an agent, whose reducing energy is about 1 ATP 'richer' than that of NADH.
Voltammetric electrochemical detection for normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVoltammetric electrochemical detection for normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatographyM. B. Thomas and T. A. LastCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 19, 2158–2161Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00170a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00170a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Randomized Study of Testosterone Gel as Adjunctive Therapy to Sildenafil in Hypogonadal Men With Erectile Dysfunction Who Do Not Respond to Sildenafil Alone (2008)

We compare the efficacy of testosterone gel (T-gel) versus placebo as adjunctive therapy to sildenafil in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction who do not respond to sildenafil alone.A randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind, parallel group, multicenter study was performed. A total of 75 hypogonadal men (18 to 80 years old, morning serum total testosterone 400 ng/dl or less) with confirmed lack of response to sildenafil monotherapy were randomized (1:1) to receive a daily dose of 1% T-gel or 5 gm placebo gel as adjunctive therapy to 100 mg sildenafil during a 12-week period. Subjects were evaluated for sexual function, primarily based on the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), quality of life and serum testosterone levels at baseline and weeks 4, 8 and 12.Testosterone treated subjects had greater improvement in erectile function compared to those who received placebo, reaching statistical significance at week 4 (4.4 vs 2.1, p = 0.029, 95.1% CI 0.3, 4.7). Similar trends were observed for improvements in orgasmic function, overall satisfaction, total IIEF score and percentage of IIEF responders. T-gel significantly (p < or = 0.004) increased total and free testosterone levels throughout the study, although no significant correlations were made between testosterone levels and the IIEF at end point.T-gel taken with sildenafil may be beneficial in improving erectile function in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction who are unresponsive to sildenafil alone.
Multiple Control Stations in Packet Radio Networks (1982)

This paper presents a design recently implemented by the Packet Radio project for control of large networks. The network is built on a carrier sense, multiple access broadcast channel and is populated with mobile store and forward nodes known as packet radio units, or PRs. Until recently, the packet radio network operated with centralized routing controlled by one node, the station. To increase the size of the network and to provide redundant control a multiple station design, "multistation", was necessary. The PRs gather local connectivity information which is then forwarded to the controlling nodes (stations). Each station is responsible for up to 40 PRs located near it in connectivity and uses these PRs to communicate with other stations. Questions important to the development of multistation include: How are packet radios matched with controlling stations? How do stations find and communicate with each other? How are long routes crossing the borders of many stations determined, and how is their successful setup insured? How is control traffic minimized?
Principles and Practice of Clinical Virology (1999)

Diagnostic Approaches (K Jeffrey and D. Pillay).The Herpesviridae (G. Cleator and P. Klapper).Hepatitis Viruses (T. Harrison, et al.).Viruses Associated with Acute Diarrhoeal Disease (U. Desselberger and J. Gray).Influenza (C. Potter).Parainfluenza Viruses (S. Psarras et al)).Respiratory Syncytial Virus (C. Hall).Adenoviruses (M. Echavarria).Rhinoviruses (N. Papadopoulos and S. Johnston).Coronaviruses and Toroviruses (D. Cavanagh).Measles (S. Schneider-Schaulies and V. ter Meulen).Rubella (J. Best and J. Banatvala).Mumps (P. Leinikki).Enteroviruses (P. Minor and P Muir).Poxviruses (I. Damon et al).Alphaviruses (G. Lloyd).Flaviviruses (B. Schoub and N. Blackburn).Bunyaviridae (R. Swanepoel).Arenaviruses (C. Howard).Filoviruses (S. Fisher-Hoch).Rabies and other Lyssavirus Infections(M. Warrell).Papillomaviruses (D. McCance).Human Polyomaviruses (K. Dorries).Human Parvoviruses (K. Brown).Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (R. Weiss, et al.).The Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses (G. Taylor).Human Prion Diseases (J. Collinge).GBV-C and TTV (S. Hino).Emerging Virus Infections (B. Mahy).Hospital-acquired Infections.A Infections Acquired via the Blood-borne Route (A. Tilzey).Infections Acquired via Other Routes (P. Rice).Index.
Targeted high-throughput sequencing of tagged nucleic acid samples (2007)

High-throughput 454 DNA sequencing technology allows much faster and more cost-effective sequencing than traditional Sanger sequencing. However, the technology imposes inherent limitations on the number of samples that can be processed in parallel. Here we introduce parallel tagged sequencing (PTS), a simple, inexpensive and flexible barcoding technique that can be used for parallel sequencing any number and type of doublestranded nucleic acid samples. We demonstrate that PTS is particularly powerful for sequencing contiguous DNA fragments such as mtDNA genomes: in theory as many as 250 mammalian mtDNA genomes can be sequenced in a single GS FLX run. PTS dramatically increases the sequencing throughput of samples in parallel and thus fully mobilizes the resources of the 454 technology for targeted sequencing.
Correction: A Non Mouse-Adapted Dengue Virus Strain as a New Model of Severe Dengue Infection in AG129 Mice (2010)

The spread of dengue (DEN) worldwide combined with an increased severity of the DEN-associated clinical outcomes have made this mosquito-borne virus of great global public health importance. Progress in understanding DEN pathogenesis and in developing effective treatments has been hampered by the lack of a suitable small animal model. Most of the DEN clinical isolates and cell culture-passaged DEN virus strains reported so far require either host adaptation, inoculation with a high dose and/or intravenous administration to elicit a virulent phenotype in mice which results, at best, in a productive infection with no, few, or irrelevant disease manifestations, and with mice dying within few days at the peak of viremia. Here we describe a non-mouse-adapted DEN2 virus strain (D2Y98P) that is highly infectious in AG129 mice (lacking interferon-a/b and -c receptors) upon intraperitoneal administration. Infection with a high dose of D2Y98P induced cytokine storm, massive organ damage, and severe vascular leakage, leading to haemorrhage and rapid death of the animals at the peak of viremia. In contrast, very interestingly and uniquely, infection with a low dose of D2Y98P led to asymptomatic viral dissemination and replication in relevant organs, followed by non-paralytic death of the animals few days after virus clearance, similar to the disease kinetic in humans. Spleen damage, liver dysfunction and increased vascular permeability, but no haemorrhage, were observed in moribund animals, suggesting intact vascular integrity, a cardinal feature in DEN shock syndrome. Infection with D2Y98P thus offers the opportunity to further decipher some of the aspects of dengue pathogenesis and provides a new platform for drug and vaccine testing.
Cross-Reactive Chemical Sensor Arrays (2000)

Conventional approaches to chemical sensors have&#13;\ntraditionally made use of a “lock-and-key” design,&#13;\nwherein a specific receptor is synthesized in order to&#13;\nstrongly and highly selectively bind the analyte of&#13;\ninterest.1-6 A related approach involves exploiting a&#13;\ngeneral physicochemical effect selectively toward a&#13;\nsingle analyte, such as the use of the ionic effect in&#13;\nthe construction of a pH electrode. In the first&#13;\napproach, selectivity is achieved through recognition&#13;\nof the analyte at the receptor site, and in the second,&#13;\nselectivity is achieved through the transduction&#13;\nprocess in which the method of detection dictates&#13;\nwhich species are sensed. Such approaches are appropriate&#13;\nwhen a specific target compound is to be&#13;\nidentified in the presence of controlled backgrounds&#13;\nand interferences. However, this type of approach&#13;\nrequires the synthesis of a separate, highly selective&#13;\nsensor for each analyte to be detected. In addition,&#13;\nthis type of approach is not particularly useful for&#13;\nanalyzing, classifying, or assigning human value&#13;\njudgments to the composition of complex vapor&#13;\nmixtures such as perfumes, beers, foods, mixtures of&#13;\nsolvents, etc.
Adjustable-Speed Drive Bearing-Fault Detection Via Wavelet Packet Decomposition (2009)

Adjustable-speed drives perform many vital control functions in the industry, serving in such diverse applications as rolling mills, variable-speed compressors, fans, and pumps. When an adjustable-speed drive fails due to a bearing failure, it is usually catastrophic. Bearing defects introduce vibration anomalies that alter the current characteristic frequencies. This paper addresses the application of motor current signature analysis using wavelet packet decomposition to detect bearing faults in adjustable-speed drives.
CPG 7909 adjuvant improves hepatitis B virus vaccine seroprotection in antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected adults (2005)

Addition of CPG 7909 achieves rapid, higher, and sustained HBV seroprotection and increases HBV-specific T helper cell response to HBV vaccine in HIV subjects. These results confirm a potential adjuvant role for CPG 7909 in vaccine hyporesponsive populations including those living with HIV.
Polyclonal expansion of adoptively transferred CD4+ αβ T cells in the colonic lamina propria of scid mice with colitis (1996)

The adoptive transfer of low numbers of peripheral, non-fractionated CD4+ alpha beta T cells into histocompatible, severely immunodeficient (scid) hosts induces a colitis. This disease developed in C.B-17 scid/scid hosts after the injection of 10(5) CD4+ T cells purified from different peripheral lymphoid organs of immunocompetent C.B.-17 +/+ or BALB/cdm2 donor mice. Irrespective of their tissue origin, transferred CD4+ T cells selectively repopulated the scid host with gut-seeking CD4+ T cells. A chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) developed as polyclonal populations of mucosa-seeking memory/effector CD4+ T cells accumulated in the gut lamina propria and epithelial layer of the adoptive host. The manifestation of colitis in the scid host correlated with the in situ polyclonal activation and expansion of adoptively transferred CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria. Attempts were unsuccessful to select in vivo an oligoclonal CD4+ T cell population with an enhanced IBD-inducing potential by repeatedly reinjecting 10(5) donor-type CD4+ T cells from the colonic lamina propria of transplanted scid mice with an early and severe IBD into new scid hosts. The data indicate that the preferential repopulation of gut-associated lymphoid tissues with immunocompetent CD4+ T cells, and their polyclonal activation and in situ expansion in the lamina propria of the histocompatible, immunodeficient host are critical events in the pathogenesis of an IBD in this model.
Gene Mutation Profiling of Breast Cancers for Clinical Decision Making (2015)

Recent advances in molecular profiling allow for a rapid and relatively inexpensive assessment of multiple altered genes or gene products from small amounts of tumor tissues or blood. The challenge ahead is how to properly incorporate these results into clinical practice, and how to provide patients with the best possible yet evidence-based care. Herein, we provide a brief overview of genetic mutation profiling with a focus on next-generation sequencing (NGS) and possible clinical utility.
Injector for scattering measurements on fully solvated biospecies (2012)

We describe a liquid jet injector system developed to deliver fully solvated microscopic target species into a probe beam under either vacuum or ambient conditions. The injector was designed specifically for x-ray scattering studies of biological nanospecies using x-ray free electron lasers and third generation synchrotrons, but is of interest to any application in which microscopic samples must be delivered in a fully solvated state and with microscopic precision. By utilizing a gas dynamic virtual nozzle (GDVN) to generate a sample-containing liquid jet of diameter ranging from 300 nm to 20 μm, the injector avoids the clogging problems associated in this size range with conventional Rayleigh jets. A differential pumping system incorporated into the injector shields the experimental chamber from the gas load of the GDVN, making the injector compatible with high vacuum systems. The injector houses a fiber-optically coupled pump laser to illuminate the jet for pump-probe experiments and a hermetically sealed microscope to observe the liquid jet for diagnostics and alignment during operation. This injector system has now been used during several experimental runs at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Recent refinements in GDVN design are also presented.
Electronic noses and their applications (2002)

Electronic/artificial noses are being developed as systems for the automated detection and classification of odors, vapors, and gases. An electronic nose is generally composed of a chemical sensing system (e.g., sensor array or spectrometer) and a pattern recognition system (e.g., artificial neural network). We are developing electronic noses for the automated identification of volatile chemicals for environmental and medical applications. In this paper, we briefly describe an electronic nose, show some results from a prototype electronic nose, and discuss applications of electronic noses in the environmental, medical, and food industries.
Diversity : a global imperative and a strategic objective (2005)

Extracted from text ... I 
Diversity: 
a global imperative and 
a strategic objective 
20 Management Today April 2005 
Dr Linda Human is a consultant to many South African and overseas companies and 
an expert on diversity. She held various positions in a number of business schools in 
South Africa and is the author and co-author of several books on the subject as well as 
BEE and affirmative action. She spoke at the recent ASTD conference in Cape Town 
from which this article was written. She may be reached at humans@mweb.co.za. 
Exactly what diversity management is, why it is included in their business objectives 
and ..
Nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140 regulates fat accumulation (2004)

Nuclear receptors and their coactivators have been shown to function as key regulators of adipose tissue biology. Here we show that a ligand-dependent transcriptional repressor for nuclear receptors plays a crucial role in regulating the balance between energy storage and energy expenditure. Mice devoid of the corepressor protein RIP140 are lean, show resistance to high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis, and have increased oxygen consumption. Although the process of adipogenesis is unaffected, expression of certain lipogenic enzymes is reduced. In contrast, genes involved in energy dissipation and mitochondrial uncoupling, including uncoupling protein 1, are markedly increased. Therefore, the maintenance of energy homeostasis requires the action of a transcriptional repressor in white adipose tissue, and ligand-dependent recruitment of RIP140 to nuclear receptors may provide a therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and related disorders.
To E or Not To E—How Do We Tell? (1998)

linical disease resulting from atherosclerosis continues to cause extensive mortality and morbidity and uses an exorbitant amount of the financial resources available for health care. Atherosclerosis is a complex, multifactorial, and chronic disease influenced by a wide variety of genetic, environmental, and behavioral activities. However, it is at last widely recognized that among the known risk factors, hypercholesterolemia is one of the most important. Recent clinical trials indicate that for most individuals, and certainly for those at high risk, the lower the plasma cholesterol level, the lower the risk for subsequent development of clinical events. The mechanisms by which elevated levels of lipoproteins, chiefly the apoB containing lipoproteins such as LDL, cause an acceleration of atherogenesis are only incompletely understood. Yet there seems to be an emerging body of evidence to support the contention that the atherogenicity of LDL derives in large part from the fact that it becomes modified in one or more ways. In particular, it is widely held that the oxidative modification of LDL is intimately involved in the atherogenic process.