gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress tumor immunity but are sensitive to cyclophosphamide which allows immunotherapy of established tumors to be curative (2004)

We investigated the mechanisms of immune tolerance raised by tumors by comparing immunogenic and tolerogenic tumor cell clones isolated from a rat colon carcinoma. When injected into syngeneichosts, the immunogenic REGb cells yield tumors that are rejected, while the tolerogenic PROb cells yield progressive tumors and inhibit the regression of REGb tumors. We show here that PROb tumor volume is correlated with an expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues. These cells delay in vivo the rejection of REGb tumors and inhibit in vitro T cell-mediated immune responses against REGb cells through a mechanism that requires cell contact between effector and regulatory T cells and involves TGF-beta. While total T cells fromPROb tumor-bearing rats yield no apparent anti-tumor immune response, depletion of CD25(+) T cells restores this reactivity. A single administration of cyclophosphamide depletes CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in PROb tumor-bearing animals, delays the growth of PROb tumors, and cures rats bearing established PROb tumors when followed by an immunotherapy which has no curative effect when administered alone. These results demonstrate the role of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in tumor-induced immune tolerance and the interest of regulatory T cell depletion to sensitize established tumors to immunotherapy.
Nonlinear optical properties, upconversion and lasing in metal–organic frameworks (2017)

The building block modular approach that lies behind coordination polymers (CPs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) results not only in a plethora of materials that can be obtained but also in a vast array of material properties that could be aimed at. Optical properties appear to be particularly predetermined by the character of individual structural units and by the intricate interplay between them. Indeed, the "design principles" shaping the optical properties of these materials seem to be well explored for luminescence and second-harmonic generation (SHG) phenomena; these have been covered in numerous previous reviews. Herein, we shine light on CPs and MOFs as optical media for state-of-the-art photonic phenomena such as multi-photon absorption, triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) and stimulated emission. In the first part of this review we focus on the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of CPs and MOFs, with a closer look at the two-photon absorption property. We discuss the scope of applicability of most commonly used measurement techniques (Z-scan and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF)) that can be applied for proper determination of the NLO properties of these materials; in particular, we suggest recommendations for their use, along with a discussion of the best reporting practices of NLO parameters. We also outline design principles, employing both intramolecular and intermolecular strategies, that are necessary for maximizing the NLO response. A review of recent literature on two-, three- and multi-photon absorption in CPs and MOFs is further supplemented with application-oriented processes such as two-photon 3D patterning and data storage. Additionally, we provide an overview of the latest achievements in the field of frequency doubling (SHG) and tripling (third-harmonic generation, THG) in these materials. Apart from nonlinear processes, in the next sections we also target the photonic properties of MOFs that benefit from their porosity, and resulting from this their ability to serve as containers for optically-active molecules. Thus, we survey dye@MOF composites as novel media in which efficient upconversion via triplet energy migration (TEM) occurs as well as materials for stimulated emission and multi-photon pumped lasing. Prospects for producing lasing as an intrinsic property of MOFs has also been discussed. Overall, further development of the optical processes highlighted herein should allow for realization of various photonic, data storage, biomedical and optoelectronic applications.
Dynamic adaptive pre-tenuring (2000)

In a generational garbage collector, a pre-tenured object is one that is allocated directly in the old generation. Pre-tenuring long-lived objects reduces the number of times that they are scanned or copied during garbage collection. Previous work has investigated pre-tenuring based on off-line analysis of execution traces. This paper builds on that work by presenting a dynamic technique in which the decision to pre-tenure a particular kind of object is taken at run-time. This allows decisions to depend on the inputs of a particular application run and also allows decisions to be changed as the application enters different phases. An implementation is presented for the Research VM Java Virtual Machine.
Comparison of the structure‐activity relationships of nociceptin and dynorphin A using chimeric peptides (1997)

The aim of the present study was to delineate the functional domains of nociceptin (noc), a neuropeptide which is structurally related to dynorphin A (dyn). The binding and biological potencies towards the nociceptin (ORL1) and dynorphin A (kappa-opioid) receptors of twenty dyn/noc and noc/dyn hybrid peptides were compared with those of the parent heptadecapeptides. Replacement of as many as eleven residues in the C-terminus of dynorphin by the corresponding nociceptin sequence has no significant effect on binding and biological activity towards the kappa-opioid receptor. In marked contrast, replacement of as few as six residues (RKLANQ) in the C-terminus of nociceptin by the corresponding dynorphin sequence (LKWDNQ) dramatically impairs both affinity and activity towards the ORL1 receptor. This clearly indicates that the two neuropeptides have different functional architectures, despite the dual structural homology of both ligands and receptors. Moreover, the recombinant peptide approach led us to identify hybrids whose sequences differ only at positions 5 and 6 and displaying opposite or no receptor selectivity. One contains the dynorphin Leu5-Arg6 sequence and prefers the kappa-opioid receptor, whereas the other comprises the nociceptin Thr5-Gly6 sequence and prefers the ORL1 receptor. A third, containing the mixed dynorphin/nociceptin Leu5-Gly6 sequence, does not discriminate between the two types of receptor.
Single-cell transcriptome sequencing: recent advances and remaining challenges (2016)

Single-cell RNA-sequencing methods are now robust and economically practical and are becoming a powerful tool for high-throughput, high-resolution transcriptomic analysis of cell states and dynamics. Single-cell approaches circumvent the averaging artifacts associated with traditional bulk population data, yielding new insights into the cellular diversity underlying superficially homogeneous populations. Thus far, single-cell RNA-sequencing has already shown great effectiveness in unraveling complex cell populations, reconstructing developmental trajectories, and modeling transcriptional dynamics. Ongoing technical improvements to single-cell RNA-sequencing throughput and sensitivity, the development of more sophisticated analytical frameworks for single-cell data, and an increasing array of complementary single-cell assays all promise to expand the usefulness and potential applications of single-cell transcriptomic profiling.
Low Back Pain (2001)

About two thirds of adults suffer from low back pain at some time. Low back pain is second to upper respiratory problems as a symptom-related reason for visits to a physician.1,2 There are wide variations in care, a fact that suggests there is professional uncertainty about the optimal approach.3,4 In addition, there is evidence of excessive imaging and surgery for low back pain in the United States,58 and many experts believe the problem has been “overmedicalized.”911 In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has come to be widely used, the roles of exercise and bed rest . . .
Excess brain protein oxidation and enzyme dysfunction in normal aging and in Alzheimer disease. (1991)

The relationship between Alzheimer disease (AD) and aging is not currently known. In this study, postmortem frontal- and occipital-pole brain samples were obtained from 16 subjects with AD, 8 age-matched controls, and 5 young controls. These samples were analyzed both for protein oxidation products (carbonyl) and the activities of two enzymes vulnerable to mixed-function oxidation, glutamine synthetase and creatine kinase. Glutamine synthetase is more sensitive to mixed-function oxidation than creatine kinase. Carbonyl content rises exponentially with age, at double the rate in the frontal pole compared with the occipital pole. Compared with young controls, both aged groups (AD and age-matched controls) have increased carbonyl content and decreased glutamine synthetase and creatine kinase activities, which are more marked in the frontal than occipital pole in all instances. We conclude that protein oxidation products accumulate in the brain and that oxidation-vulnerable enzyme activities decrease with aging in the same regional pattern (frontal more affected than occipital). However, only glutamine synthetase activity distinguishes AD from age-matched controls: Because glutamine synthetase activity is differentially reduced in the frontal pole in AD, we suggest that AD may represent a specific brain vulnerability to age-related oxidation.
Buffer insertion with accurate gate and interconnect delay computation (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Buffer insertion with accurate gate and interconnect delay computation Authors: Charles J. Alpert IBM Austin Research Laboratory, Austin, TX IBM Austin Research Laboratory, Austin, TXView Profile , Anirudh Devgan IBM Austin Research Laboratory, Austin, TX IBM Austin Research Laboratory, Austin, TXView Profile , Stephen T. Quay IBM Server Group, Austin, TX IBM Server Group, Austin, TXView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '99: Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation ConferenceJune 1999 Pages 479–484https://doi.org/10.1145/309847.309983Published:01 June 1999Publication History 46citation557DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations46Total Downloads557Last 12 Months38Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Mathematical Modelling and Controlled Drug Delivery: Matrix Systems (2005)

This paper deals with the physical and mathematical modelling description of drug release from matrix systems. In the introduction, matrix systems are considered in the wide frame of the controlled release systems and the concept of mathematical model is briefly discussed. Then, matrix structure and topology are matched, analysing the characteristics of the three-dimensional network constituting them. In this context, drug release mechanisms are considered with particular emphasis on the key factors ruling the release kinetics, such as matrix swelling, erosion, drug dissolution (re-crystallisation), drug diffusion, drug - polymer interaction, initial drug distribution and particle size distribution (for powdered matrix systems). The mathematical modelling section firstly considers the empirical and semi-empirical models that have the great advantage of showing analytical solutions. Then, the attention is focused on theoretical approaches regarding matrix swelling equilibrium and kinetics, drug dissolution, drug diffusion, drug - polymer interaction, initial drug distribution and matrix erosion. Finally, release kinetics from polydispersed spherical particles is studied. This review points out the fact that the comprehension of the phenomena ruling drug release from matrix systems is appropriate from both the physical and modelling point of view, although further improvements are always possible and desirable.
Recovery of SDS-protein and DNA using commercial automated gel electrophoresis apparatus. (1995)

The HPGE-1000 apparatus (LabIntelligence, Menlo Park, CA) is a gel electrophoresis instrument with intermittent fluorescence scanning of the migration path and with preparative capability. An electroelution cup sealed with gel is placed onto the band of interest, identified and located under computer control, and the band is electroeluted into the cup at a right angle to the orientation of the resolving gel. The correct location of the eluted band and the degree of its recovery into the elution cup are then verified on the gel pattern, visualized on the computer screen. Using that procedure, SDS-conalbumin-FLUOS was electrophoresed at 5 V/cm in a discontinuous tricinate-chloride-Tris system at loads of 0.25 to 20 micrograms, using 5% agarose (MetaPhor, FMC), 0.03% SDS gel at 5 degrees C. The horizontal gel was partitioned at the sample loading slit between a gel in Tris-tricinate (prepared at the concentrations of an operative phase ZETA) and in Tris-chloride (prepared as phase BETA). The elution cup was sealed with the latter gel and overlayered with buffer of the composition of the former. This arrangement should provide for electroelution of the band as a highly concentrated stack. At electroelution times of 2, 3.5, 4-5, 12, 15 and 15 min at 15 V/cm yields were 58, 60, 54-76, 99, 99 and 84% for loads of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 4, 10 and 20 micrograms, respectively. At the most sensitive scale of detection (13), a full-scale peak was obtained at a load of 1.7 micrograms when the fluorophore (FLUOS, Boehringer-Mannheim) to protein ratio was 10:1. Similarly, homogeneous nucleosomal DNA (146 bp), electrophoresed in 0.2 x TBE buffer at a load of 5 micrograms, was near-quantitatively recovered into the same buffer by electroelution at 15 V/cm for 2.5 or 6 min.
Alz-50 and MC-1, a new monoclonal antibody raised to paired helical filaments, recognize conformational epitopes on recombinant tau (1997)

Using a series of recombinant tau and FAC1 mutant proteins, this study demonstrates by Western and dot blot analysis that 1) shared epitopes between tau and FAC1 are responsible for Alz-50 binding; 2) Alz-50 reactivity is dependent on two discontinuous portions of the tau molecule; 3) Alz-50 reactivity is most likely the result of a conformational alteration of tau monomers in Alzheimer's disease; and 4) the epitope for MC-1, a novel monoclonal antibody, maps to similar regions of tau but does not react with FAC1. These data raise questions regarding previous studies which have suggested that tau lacks a specific conformation and illustrate the utility of the Alz-50 and MC-1 antibodies in recognizing a distinct pathological conformation of the tau molecule in Alzheimer's disease.
Activation of the major immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus by cis-acting elements in the promoter-regulatory sequence and by virus-specific trans-acting components (1985)

Upstream of the major immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus (Towne) is a strong promoter-regulatory region that promotes the synthesis of 1.95-kilobase mRNA (D. R. Thomsen, R. M. Stenberg, W. F. Goins, and M. F. Stinski, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:659-663, 1984; M. F. Stinski, D. R. Thomsen, R. M. Stenberg, and L. C. Goldstein, J. Virol. 46:1-14, 1983). The wild-type promoter-regulatory region as well as deletions within this region were ligated upstream of the thymidine kinase, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, or ovalbumin genes. These gene chimeras were constructed to investigate the role of the regulatory sequences in enhancing downstream expression. The regulatory region extends to approximately 465 nucleotides upstream of the cap site for the initiation of transcription. The extent and type of regulatory sequences upstream of the promoter influences the level of in vitro transcription as well as the amount of in vivo expression of the downstream gene. The regulatory elements for cis-activation appear to be repeated several times within the regulatory region. A direct correlation was established between the distribution of the 19 (5' CCCCAGTTGACGTCAATGGG 3')- and 18 (5' CACTAACGGGACTTTCCAA 3')-nucleotide repeats and the level of downstream expression. In contrast, the 16 (5' CTTGGCAGTACATCAA 3')-nucleotide repeat is not necessary for the enhancement of downstream expression. In a domain associated with the 19- or 18-nucleotide repeats are elements that can be activated in trans by a human cytomegalovirus-specified component but not a herpes simplex virus-specified component. Therefore, the regulatory sequences of the major immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus have an important role in interacting with cellular and virus-specific factors of the transcription complex to enhance downstream expression of this critical viral gene.
Derivatives of (+)-Limonene. III. A Stereospecific Synthesis of cis- and trans-Δ8(9)-p-Menthene 1,2-Epoxides1 (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of (+)-Limonene. III. A Stereospecific Synthesis of cis- and trans-Δ8(9)-p-Menthene 1,2-Epoxides1William F. NewhallCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 1, 185–187Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01024a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01024a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views408Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effect of resistant solanaceous plants on the sex ratio of Heterodera rostochiensis and the use of the sex ratio to assess the frequency and genetic constitution of pathotypes (1967)

SUMMARY The sex ratios of two Heterodera rostochiensis populations were compared on fifteen solanaceous plants. Larvae did not mature in the roots of Atropa belladona, Datura stramonium or Nicotiana tabacum but adults were produced on the other plants, on some only males and on others, males and females. With two other populations, but not with a third, the percentage of larvae that became female on a potato hybrid with a dominant gene for resistance derived from Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena increased during successive generations on the hybrid in accordance with the hypothesis that such larvae are double recessives (aa). Fewer larvae became adult in plants with two dominant genes for resistance than in plants with one, and such plants probably exerted selection of both males and females. A population from St Brelades (Jersey) produced fewer females and more males on the susceptible variety Arran Banner than did either the Thorney (Cambs.) or Aberystwyth populations. A much greater percentage of larvae from the St Brelades population became female on an ex andigena hybrid derived from CPC 1690 than on one derived from CPC 1685.
Pineal Opsin: a Nonvisual Opsin Expressed in Chick Pineal (1995)

Pineal opsin (P-opsin), an opsin from chick that is highly expressed in pineal but is not detectable in retina, was cloned by the polymerase chain reaction. It is likely that the P-opsin lineage diverged from the retinal opsins early in opsin evolution. The amino acid sequence of P-opsin is 42 to 46 percent identical to that of the retinal opsins. P-opsin is a seven-membrane spanning, G protein-linked receptor with a Schiff-base lysine in the seventh membrane span and a Schiff-base counterion in the third membrane span. The primary sequence of P-opsin suggests that it will be maximally sensitive to approximately 500-nanometer light and produce a slow and prolonged phototransduction response consistent with the nonvisual function of pineal photoreception.
Mechanism of Residue Formation in Silicon Trench Etching Using a Bromine-Based Plasma (1998)

The formation mechanism of residues observed in HBr-based Si trench etching has been investigated. The residues were characterized using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the residue density dependence on the interstitial oxygen concentration in the Si substrate, the formation process of etching masks and the etching condition was examined. It was confirmed that needle-shaped silicon residues of various heights had a disorderly distribution at the trench bottom. The density of the silicon needles strongly depended on both the interstitial oxygen concentration in the Si substrate and the mask formation process: numerous needles were observed when the oxygen concentration was sufficiently high and the mask formation process included oxidation. It was also found that the residue density increased with etching depth and selectivity to silicon oxide controlled by the etching condition. All the experimental results were successfully explained by a model in which oxygen precipitates nucleate in the Si substrate during the mask formation process, acting as micromasks in trench etching.
Mesoporous vanadium pentoxide nanofibers with significantly enhanced Li-ion storage properties by electrospinning (2010)

Mesoporous V2O5 nanofibers were fabricated by a method combining sol–gel processing with electrospinning followed by annealing in air. The resultant nanofibers were 350 nm in diameter and consisted of porous polycrystalline vanadium oxide with a specific surface area of ∼97 m2 g−1. The mesoporous V2O5 nanofibers demonstrated a significantly enhanced Li ion storage capacity of above 370 mA h g−1 and a high charge/discharge rate of up to 800 mA g−1 with little cyclic degradation.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Drugs Involving the Concepts and Theories of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Exact regional reconstruction of longitudinally unbounded objects using the circle-and-line cone-beam tomographic system</title> (1997)

In a previous study, an exact and computationally efficient cone beam reconstruction algorithm for the circular-and-line orbit was proposed and its excellent numerical performance was demonstrated.In this paper, we define the scan field-of- view (FOV) of the system as a cylinder ended with a cone at each end, whose axes coincide with the axis of rotation. We demonstrate that an exact regional reconstruction of the longitudinally-unbounded object can be achieved with this system within the scan FOV. This and the previous studies combined defines a simple and practical cone beam tomographic system and an exact and computational efficient reconstruction for general imaging applications.
Connexin43 Carboxyl-Terminal Peptides Reduce Scar Progenitor and Promote Regenerative Healing Following Skin Wounding (2009)

Cx43 CT peptide promotes regenerative healing of cutaneous wounds and may have applications in tissues other than skin, including heart, cornea and spinal cord.