gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Unique Model System for Tumor Progression in GBM Comprising Two Developed Human Neuro-Epithelial Cell Lines with Differential Transforming Potential and Coexpressing Neuronal and Glial Markers (2003)

The molecular mechanisms involved in tumor progression from a low-grade astrocytoma to the most malignant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have been hampered due to lack of suitable experimental models. We have established a model of tumor progression comprising of two cell lines derived from the same astrocytoma tumor with a set of features corresponding to low-grade glioma (as in HNGC-1) and high-grade GBM (as in HNGC-2). The HNGC-1 cell line is slow-growing, contact-inhibited, nontumorigenic, and noninvasive, whereas HNGC-2 is a rapidly proliferating, anchorage-independent, highly tumorigenic, and invasive cell line. The proliferation of cell lines is independent of the addition of exogenous growth factors. Interestingly, the HNGC-2 cell line displays a near-haploid karyotype except for a disomy of chromosome 2. The two cell lines express the neuronal precursor and progenitor markers vimentin, nestin, MAP-2, and NFP160, as well as glial differentiation protein S100beta. The HNGC-1 cell line also expresses markers of mature neurons like Tuj1 and GFAP, an astrocytic differentiation marker, hence contributing toward a more morphologically differentiated phenotype with a propensity for neural differentiation in vitro. Additionally, overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor and c-erbB2, and loss of fibronectin were observed only in the HNGC-2 cell line, implicating the significance of these pathways in tumor progression. This in vitro model system assumes importance in unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms in differentiation, transformation, and gliomagenesis.
Comprehensive Structural and Molecular Comparison of Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and Their Interactions with ACE2 (2020)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently emerged in China and caused a disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus quickly spread around the world, causing a sustained global outbreak. Although SARS-CoV-2, and other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) are highly similar genetically and at the protein production level, there are significant differences between them. Research has shown that the structural spike (S) protein plays an important role in the evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. So far, studies have shown that various genes encoding primarily for elements of S protein undergo frequent mutation. We have performed an in-depth review of the literature covering the structural and mutational aspects of S protein in the context of SARS-CoV-2, and compared them with those of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Our analytical approach consisted in an initial genome and transcriptome analysis, followed by primary, secondary and tertiary protein structure analysis. Additionally, we investigated the potential effects of these differences on the S protein binding and interactions to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and we established, after extensive analysis of previous research articles, that SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV use different ends/regions in S protein receptor-binding motif (RBM) and different types of interactions for their chief binding with ACE2. These differences may have significant implications on pathogenesis, entry and ability to infect intermediate hosts for these coronaviruses. This review comprehensively addresses in detail the variations in S protein, its receptor-binding characteristics and detailed structural interactions, the process of cleavage involved in priming, as well as other differences between coronaviruses.
Agriculture wastes conversion for biofertilizer production using beneficial microorganisms for sustainable agriculture applications (2013)

The emphasis of this study is to generate new valuable bioproducts from non-toxic cleaning waste for environmental healing technology.
The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) (1989)

The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) was designed to examine the hypothesis that suppressing asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic ventricular ectopic activity after myocardial infarction would reduce the rate of sudden death. CAST, which was preceded by a well-designed feasibility study, the Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study,1 is the first long-term, multicenter, multidrug, placebo-controlled trial of the safety and efficacy of antiarrhythmic drug therapy in reducing the risk of sudden death.2 The preliminary results, as presented in the media and in expanded form in this issue of the Journal,2 have astounded most observers and challenge much of the conventional wisdom about . . .
Close kinship of human 20α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene with three aldo‐keto reductase genes (2000)

The human gene encoding for the progesterone-metabolizing enzyme 20alpha-HSD in the female reproductive system was cloned, and its expression and gene localization were elucidated. BABP, PGFS and DD4 genes, which were highly homologous to the 20alpha-HSD gene, were also cloned, and their structure and function were characterized.
Construction of an Integration-Proficient Vector Based on the Site-Specific Recombination Mechanism of Enterococcal Temperate Phage φFC1 (2002)

The genome of temperate phage phiFC1 integrates into the chromosome of Enterococcus faecalis KBL 703 via site-specific recombination. In this study, an integration vector containing the attP site and putative integrase gene mj1 of phage phiFC1 was constructed. A 2,744-bp fragment which included the attP site and mj1 was inserted into a pUC19 derivative containing the cat gene to construct pEMJ1-1. E. faecalis KBL 707, which does not contain the bacteriophage but which has a putative attB site within its genome, could be transformed by pEMJ1-1. Southern hybridization, PCR amplification, and DNA sequencing revealed that pEMJ1-1 was integrated specifically at the putative attB site within the E. faecalis KBL 707 chromosome. This observation suggested that the 2,744-bp fragment carrying mj1 and the attP site of phage phiFC1 was sufficient for site-specific recombination and that pEMJ1-1 could be used as a site-specific integration vector. The transformation efficiency of pEMJ1-1 was as high as 6 x 10(3) transformants/microg of DNA. In addition, a vector (pATTB1) containing the 290-bp attB region was constructed. pATTB1 was transformed into Escherichia coli containing a derivative of the pET14b vector carrying attP and mj1. This resulted in the formation of chimeric plasmids by site-specific recombination between the cloned attB and attP sequences. The results indicate that the integration vector system based on the site-specific recombination mechanism of phage phiFC1 can be used for genetic engineering in E. faecalis and in other hosts.
Autologous heat shock protein vaccine (HSPPC-96) for patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM): Results of a phase II multicenter clinical trial with immunological assessments. (2011)

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First-row transition metal complexes of sterically-hindered amidinates (2002)

Complexes of sterically-hindered amidinate ligands with first-row transition metals are described. The amidinate ligands feature bulky terphenyl substituents [2,6-(2,4,6-Me3Ph)2Ph or 2,6-(4-tBuPh)2Ph] attached to the backbone carbon atoms, providing bowl-shaped ligand environments. When employing divalent transition metal halides, bis-amidinate metal complexes are formed exclusively, whereas the use of Ni(acac)2 or CuCl allows access to mono-amidinate species. Additionally, the solid-state structure of one mono-amidinate [(LBut)Ni(acac)] and three bis-amidinate complexes [(LMe)2M; M = Mn, Co, Ni] are presented.
Endoplasmic reticulum calcium signaling in nerve cells (2004)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle involved in various types of signaling in nerve cells. The ER serves as a dynamic Ca2+ pool being thus involved in rapid signaling events associated with cell stimulation by either electrical (action potential) or chemical (neurotransmitters) signals. This function is supported by Ca2+ release channels (InsP3 and ryanodine receptors) and SERCA Ca2+ pumps residing in the endomembrane. In addition the ER provides a specific environment for the posttranslational protein processing and transport of various molecules towards their final destination. In parallel, the ER acts as a "calcium tunnel," which facilitates Ca2+ movements within the cell by avoiding cytoplasmic routes. Finally the ER appears as a source of numerous signals aimed at the nucleus and involved in long-lasting adaptive cellular responses. All these important functions are controlled by intra-ER free Ca2+ which integrates various signaling events and establishes a link between fast signaling, associated with ER Ca2+ release/uptake, and long-lasting adaptive responses relying primarily on the regulation of protein synthesis. Disruption of ER Ca2+ homeostasis triggers several forms of cellular stress response and is intimately involved in neurodegeneration and neuronal cell death.
A frequency-domain thermoreflectance method for the characterization of thermal properties (2009)

A frequency-domain thermoreflectance method for measuring the thermal properties of homogenous materials and submicron thin films is described. The method can simultaneously determine the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of a sample, provided the thermal diffusivity is greater, similar3x10(-6) m(2)/s, and can also simultaneously measure in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities, as well the thermal boundary conductance between material layers. Two implementations are discussed, one based on an ultrafast pulsed laser system and one based on continuous-wave lasers. The theory of the method and an analysis of its sensitivity to various thermal properties are given, along with results from measurements of several standard materials over a wide range of thermal diffusivities. We obtain specific heats and thermal conductivities in good agreement with literature values, and also obtain the in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities for crystalline quartz.
A series of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing a hydroxyethyl secondary amine transition state isostere: synthesis, enzyme inhibition, and antiviral activity (1992)

A series of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing a novel hydroxyethyl secondary amine transition state isostere has been synthesized. The compounds exhibit a strong preference for the (R) stereochemistry at the transition state hydroxyl group. Molecular modeling studies with the prototype compound 11 have provided important insights into the structural requirements for good inhibitor-active site binding interaction. N-Terminal extension of 11 into the P2-P3 region led to the discovery of 19, the most potent enzyme inhibitor in the series (IC50 = 5.4 nM). 19 was shown to have potent antiviral activity in cultured MT-4 human T-lymphoid cells. Comparison of analogs of 19 with analogs of 1 (Ro31-8959) demonstrates that considerably different structure-activity relationships exist between these two subclasses of hydroxyethylamine HIV-protease inhibitors.
Biomechanics of distance running (1990)

Running speed is dictated by an athlete's step length and cadence, although step length is more important in differentiating between faster and slower runners, and reduces more with fatigue.Being able to increase cadence, however, is often the deciding factor in sprint finishes.• Of the different components that make up step length, the distance the body travels during flight is the most important.An athlete's flight distance is determined by upward and forward impulse in late stance, which usually decrease with fatigue because of reduced leg stiffness and tolerance to repeated stretch loads.• Middle-distance runners are more likely to land on the forefoot or midfoot at first contact, whereas marathon runners tend to land on the heel.There are potential performance benefits to landing near the front of the foot through the stretch-shortening cycle and shorter contact times, although these apply less in longer events.• There are small gains to be made from following rival runners in terms of air resistance, although having air moving around the body for cooling is important in hot conditions.Running uphill is unsurprisingly more energy costly than running on flat courses, but running downhill can risk injury because of the increased load on the knee, hip, and shin muscles.• Running of soft surfaces, such as in cross country running, is more difficult than on roads because the non-compliant nature of the surface reduces the effectiveness of the stretchshortening cycle, and is more energy costly because of an increase in leg stiffness to accommodate a reduction in stability.
Antidote‐Controlled Antithrombotic Therapy Targeting Factor IXa and Von Willebrand Factor (2009)

Thrombotic disorders and their common clinical phenotypes of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism are the proximate cause of substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures worldwide. Accordingly, therapies designed to attenuate thrombus initiation and propagation, reflecting integrated platelet-mediated and coagulation protease-mediated events, respectively, represent a standard of care. Unfortunately, there are numerous inherent limitations of existing therapies that include target nonselectivity, variable onset and offset of pharmacodynamic effects, a narrow efficacy-safety profile, and the absence of a safe and reliable platform for either accurate titration, based on existing patient-specific, disease-specific, and clinical conditions, or active reversibility. Herein, we summarize our experience with oligonucleotide antithrombotic agents and their complementary antidotes, targeting the platelet adhesive protein von Willebrand factor and the pivotal coagulation protease factor IXa.
Nitric oxide synthases: which, where, how, and why? (1997)

Ca 2 i ], intracellular Ca 2 concentration; NO, nitric oxide; NOS, NO synthase. 2. Where possible, references in support of introductory material will cite recent review articles rather than the numerous primary publications that form the basis for our current understanding.
Transcriptional regulation of Bacillus subtilis citrate synthase genes (1994)

The Bacillus subtilis citrate synthase genes citA and citZ were repressed during early exponential growth phase in nutrient broth medium and were induced as cells reached the end of exponential phase. Both genes were also induced by treatment of cells with the drug decoyinine. After induction, the steady-state level of citZ mRNA was about five times higher than that of citA mRNA. At least some of the citZ transcripts read through into the isocitrate dehydrogenase (citC) gene. Transcription from an apparent promoter site located near the 3' end of the citZ gene also contributed to expression of citC. In minimal medium, citA transcription was about 6-fold lower when glucose was the sole carbon source than it was when succinate was the carbon source. Expression of the citZ gene was repressed 2-fold by glucose and 10-fold when glucose and glutamate were present simultaneously. This latter synergistic repression is similar to the effect of glucose and glutamate on steady-state citrate synthase enzyme activity. CitR, a protein of the LysR family, appeared to be a repressor of citA but not of citZ.
Rapid Activation of the Alternative Pathway of Complement by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (1999)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an effective therapy for patients with severe respiratory distress syndromes. However, an inflammatory response has been observed with the use of this therapy. We measured complement activation in vivo in two adults receiving ECMO for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Production of complement activation fragments C4d, Bb, iC3b, and SC5b-9 was determined using commercial ELISA kits. In both patients there was intense activation of complement that peaked 1 hour (mean SC5b-9 increase to 1135% of baseline) after the start of ECMO and occurred predominantly via the alternative pathway (Bb production). Early and acute complement activation may be responsible for the initiation of the inflammatory response that has been observed in patients treated with ECMO.
C9orf72 ablation in mice does not cause motor neuron degeneration or motor deficits (2015)

Our data suggest that C9orf72 loss-of-function, by itself, is insufficient to cause motor neuron disease. These results may have important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for C9orf72-associated ALS.
Errors in laboratory medicine and patient safety: the road ahead (2007)

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, To err is human, galvanized a dramatically increased level of concern about adverse events and patient safety in healthcare, including errors in laboratory medicine. While a significant decrease in the error rates of clinical laboratories has been achieved and documented in recent decades, available evidence demonstrates that the pre- and post-analytical phases of the total testing process are more vulnerable to errors than the analytical phase. However, analytical quality is still a major issue, particularly in some areas of laboratory medicine such as immunoassaying. In the present paper, current trends and factors that could effect future changes in the frequency and types of errors in laboratory services are analyzed and discussed. A more effective integration of automation and information technology could allow clinical laboratories to identify, control and decrease error rates in the total testing process, but interdepartmental cooperation and communication with clinicians and other stakeholders are essential to improving patient safety. Moreover, a fundamental shift in improving patient safety in laboratory medicine is to move from error reporting to risk management.
Derivatives of Imidazole (1974)

Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar. <em>Manuscript received 4 January 1974; revised 26 June 1974 ; accepted 26 June 1974</em> The synthesis of some 3:6-disubstituted imidazo (2,1-b)-tbiazoles, 2:7-disubstituted imidazo (2,1-b)-benzothiazoles, 2-substituted imidazo (1,2-a) pyrimidines and 2-substituted imidazo (2,1-b)-naphthothiazoles have been described. The antifungal and antihistaminic activities of some of these compounds are reported.
Sodium Current-Induced Release of Calcium from Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (1990)

The role of sodium-calcium exchange at the sarcolemma in the release of calcium from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum was investigated in voltage-clamped, isolated cardiac myocytes. In the absence of calcium entry through voltage-dependent calcium channels, membrane depolarization elicited release of calcium from ryanodine-sensitive internal stores. This process was dependent on sodium entry through tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels. Calcium release under these conditions was also dependent on extracellular calcium concentration, suggesting a calcium-induced trigger release mechanism that involves calcium entry into the cell by sodium-calcium exchange. This sodium current-induced calcium release mechanism may explain, in part, the positive inotropic effects of cardiac glycosides and the negative inotropic effects of a variety of antiarrhythmic drugs that interact with cardiac sodium channels. In response to a transient rise of intracellular sodium, sodium-calcium exchange may promote calcium entry into cardiac cells and trigger sarcoplasmic calcium release during physiologic action potentials.
Development of a Wearable Device for Motion Capturing Based on Magnetic and Inertial Measurement Units (2017)

This paper presents a novel wearable device for gesture capturing based on inertial and magnetic measurement units that are made up of micromachined gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers. The low-cost inertial and magnetic measurement unit is compact and small enough to wear and there are altogether thirty-six units integrated in the device. The device is composed of two symmetric parts, and either the right part or the left one contains eighteen units covering all the segments of the arm, palm, and fingers. The offline calibration and online calibration are proposed to improve the accuracy of sensors. Multiple quaternion-based extended Kalman filters are designed to estimate the absolute orientations, and kinematic models of the arm-hand are considered to determine the relative orientations. Furthermore, position algorithm is deduced to compute the positions of corresponding joint. Finally, several experiments are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed wearable device.
Remdesivir Treatment for Severe COVID-19 in Third-Trimester Pregnancy: Case Report and Management Discussion (2020)

We report a case of COVID-19 in third-trimester pregnancy, who required support in an intensive care unit and received remdesivir. After discharge, she had an uncomplicated vaginal delivery at term. COVID-19 in pregnancy may be managed without emergent delivery; a multispecialty team is critical in caring for these patients.
Independent regulation of human D-type cyclin gene expression during G1 phase in primary human T lymphocytes. (1993)

Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases are critically involved in controlling cell cycle progression in virtually all cells. The recent identification of candidate G1 cyclins in mammalian cells has been a major advance in this field, but the exact functions of these cyclins are unknown. The expression of three D-type cyclins (D1, D2, and D3) was investigated in primary human T lymphocytes as these cells were induced to leave G0, traverse G1, and enter S phase by T cell-specific mitogens. G0 phase T cells expressed low levels of cyclin D2, but not cyclin D3. Treatment of these cells with phytohemagglutinin and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in the presence of fetal calf serum resulted in rapid induction of cyclin D2 RNA in early G1 and slower induction of cyclin D3 in late G1. Cyclin D1 was not detected in T cells under any condition tested. Treatment of T cells with hydroxyurea to arrest cells at G1/S did not block induction of either D2 or D3. However, arrest of cells in mid G1 with deferoxamine blocked D3 expression without affecting D2. Cyclosporin A blocked the induction of both cyclin D2 and D3. Polyclonal antisera were prepared in rabbits against both cyclin D2 and cyclin D3 glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins and used to examine cyclin D2 and D3 proteins in [35S]methionine-labeled T cells. Protein levels were found to correlate closely with RNA levels for both cyclins. No detectable histone H1 kinase activity could be precipitated with either cyclin. However, several cellular proteins were observed to coprecipitate with the cyclins, including several proteins that were observed to associate only with D3. These results indicate that striking differences exist in the induction and regulation of two candidate G1 cyclins in human T cells and suggest that these cyclins could participate in multiple cell cycle checkpoints during G0, G1, or S phase.
Overlap Between Asthma and COPD: Where the Two Diseases Converge (2010)

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are traditionally recognized as distinct diseases, with some clearly separate characteristic. Asthma originates in childhood, is associated with allergies and eosinophils, and is best treated by targeting inflammation, whereas COPD occurs in adults who smoke, involves neutrophils, and is best treated with bronchodilators and the removal of risk factors. However, the distinction between the two is not always clear. Patients with severe asthma may present with fixed airway obstruction, and patients with COPD may have hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilia. Recognizing and understanding these overlapping features may offer new insight into the mechanisms and treatment of chronic airway inflammatory diseases.