gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induces functional responses through dimerization of its receptor CCR2 (1999)

Cytokines interact with hematopoietin superfamily receptors and stimulate receptor dimerization. We demonstrate that chemoattractant cytokines (chemokines) also trigger biological responses through receptor dimerization. Functional responses are induced after pairwise crosslinking of chemokine receptors by bivalent agonistic antichemokine receptor mAb, but not by their Fab fragments. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1-triggered receptor dimerization was studied in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells cotransfected with genes coding for the CCR2b receptor tagged with YSK or Myc sequences. After MCP-1 stimulation, immunoprecipitation with Myc-specific antibodies revealed YSK-tagged receptors in immunoblotting. Receptor dimerization also was validated by chemical crosslinking in both HEK-293 cells and the human monocytic cell line Mono Mac 1. Finally, we constructed a loss-of-function CCR2bY139F mutant that acted as a dominant negative, blocking signaling through the CCR2 wild-type receptor. This study provides functional support for a model in which the MCP-1 receptor is activated by ligand-induced homodimerization, allowing discussion of the similarities between bacterial and leukocyte chemotaxis.
Population pharmacokinetics of antifibroblast activation protein monoclonal antibody F19 in cancer patients (2001)

The pharmacokinetics of antistromal mAbF19 were well defined in these two studies with different solid tumour types, and were comparable with those of other murine monoclonal antibodies that do not bind to normal tissue antigens or blood cells.
Integrating visual, audio and text analysis for news video (2002)

We present a system developed for content-based broadcast news video browsing for home users. There are three main factors that distinguish our work from other similar ones. First, we have integrated the image and audio analysis results in identifying news segments. Second, we use the video OCR technology to detect text from frames, which provides a good source of textual information for story classification when transcripts and close captions are not available. Finally, natural language processing (NLP) technologies are used to perform automated categorization of news stories based on the texts obtained from close caption or video OCR process. Based on these video structure and content analysis technologies, we have developed two advanced video browsers for home users: intelligent highlight player and HTML-based video browser.
Interleukins (1986)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
MXNet: A Flexible and Efficient Machine Learning Library for Heterogeneous Distributed Systems (2015)

MXNet is a multi-language machine learning (ML) library to ease the development of ML algorithms, especially for deep neural networks. Embedded in the host language, it blends declarative symbolic expression with imperative tensor computation. It offers auto differentiation to derive gradients. MXNet is computation and memory efficient and runs on various heterogeneous systems, ranging from mobile devices to distributed GPU clusters. This paper describes both the API design and the system implementation of MXNet, and explains how embedding of both symbolic expression and tensor operation is handled in a unified fashion. Our preliminary experiments reveal promising results on large scale deep neural network applications using multiple GPU machines.
Gene expression diversity among Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates (2005)

Intraspecies genetic diversity has been demonstrated to be important in the pathogenesis and epidemiology of several pathogens, such as HIV, influenza, Helicobacter and Salmonella. It is also important to consider strain-to-strain variation when identifying drug targets and vaccine antigens and developing tools for molecular diagnostics. Here, the authors present a description of the variability in gene expression patterns among ten clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, plus the laboratory strains H37Rv and H37Ra, growing in liquid culture. They identified 527 genes (15 % of those tested) that are variably expressed among the isolates studied. The remaining genes were divided into three categories based on their expression levels: unexpressed (38 %), low to undetectable expression (31 %) and consistently expressed (16 %). The expression categories were compared with functional categories and three biologically interesting gene lists: genes that are deleted among clinical isolates, T-cell antigens and essential genes. There were significant associations between expression variability and the classification of genes as T-cell antigens, involved in lipid metabolism, PE/PPE, insertion sequences and phages, and deleted among clinical isolates. This survey of mRNA expression among clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis demonstrates that genes with important functions can vary in their expression levels between strains grown under identical conditions.
Colonic Drug Delivery (1997)

(1997). Colonic Drug Delivery. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy: Vol. 23, No. 9, pp. 893-913.
Modeling of pedestrian motion for recognition (2005)

Good pedestrian classifiers that analyze static images for presence of pedestrians are in existence. However, even a low false positive error rating is sufficient to flood a real system with false warnings. We address the problem of pedestrian motion (gait) modeling and recognition using sequences of images rather than static individual frames, thereby exploiting information in the dynamics. We use two different representations and corresponding distances for gait sequences. In the first a gait is represented as a manifold in a lower dimensional space corresponding to gait images. In the second a gait image sequence is represented as the output of a dynamical system whose underlying driving process is an action like walking or running. We examine distance functions corresponding to these representations. For dynamical systems we formulate distances derived based on parameters of the system taking into account both the structure of the output space and the dynamics within it. Given appearance based models we present results demonstrating the discriminative power of the proposed distances
Mutations in galactosemia. (1995)

This Letter raises four issues concerning two papers on galactosemia published in the March 1995 of the Journal. First, table 2 in the paper by Elsas et al. incorrectly attributes seven galactose-l-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) mutations (S135L, L195P, K285N, N314D, R333W, R333G, and K334R). The table also fails to mention that others have reported the same two findings attributed to {open_quotes}Leslie et al.; Elsas et al. and in press{close_quotes} and {open_quotes}Leslie et al.; Elsas et al.{close_quotes} The first finding on the prevalence of the Q188R galactosemia mutation in the G/G Caucasian population has also been described by Ng et al., and the second finding on the correlation of the N314D GALT mutation with the Duarte variant was reported by Lin et al. Second, Elsas et al. suggest that the E203K and N314D mutations may {open_quotes}produce intra-allelic complementation when in cis{close_quotes}. This speculation is supported by the activity data of individual III-2 but is inconsistent with the activities of three other individuals I-1, II-1, and III-1 of the same pedigree. The GALT activity measured in these three individuals suggests a dominant negative effect of E203K in E203K-N314D chromosomes, since they all have less than normal activity. Thus, the preponderance of themore » data in this paper is at odds with the authors speculation. It is worth recalling that Lin et al. also identified four N314D GALT mutations on 95 galactosemic chromosomes examined. A similar situation also appears to be the case in proband III-1 (with genotype E203K-N314D/IVSC) in the Elsas et al. paper. 9 refs.« less
A new solvent system for the separation of neutral glycosphingolipids. (1981)

A solvent system and a column for high performance liquid chromatography for the separation of glycosphingolipids without derivatization is described. A column pakced with porous silica gel (latrobeads) and eluted with a mixture of isopropanol-hexane-water with increasing water content and decreasing hexane content was used. Glycosphingolipids with mono- to dodeca- or tetrakaidecasaccharides were separated within 60 min and the separation pattern was highly reproducible. The method was applied for preparative separation of highly complex glycolipids with blood group activity.
Evaluation of Bcl-2/B Cell Transgenic Mice (B6) for Hybridoma Production (1996)

Bcl-2 is an oncogene associated with prevention of apoptosis in a variety of cell types. Bcl-2 expression in B lymphoid cells prolongs antibody production, in vitro and in vivo. A line of transgenic mice (B6) has been developed that expresses human Bcl-2 in the B cells of SWR/SJL mice. B6 transgenic, nontransgenic littermates, and BALB/c mice were immunized with beta-galactosidase (B-gal) or sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The number of spleen cells recovered from immunized B6 mice was 3-4 times greater than syngeneic, nontransgenic littermates or BALB/c mice. Spleen cells from B-gal or SRBC immune B6, SWR/SJL, and BALB/c mice were fused with P3 myeloma cells to produce hybridomas. Forty-eight percent of the wells plated with fused B6 spleen cells produced B-gal-specific antibodies compared to 14% from BALB/c and 12% from SWR/SJL. Antibody-specific wells were subcloned, resulting in enhanced recovery of antigen-specific subclones with B6-derived fusions compared to controls. In the SRBC fusions, 17% of the wells plated with fused B6 spleen cells produced SRBC-specific antibodies compared to 6% for BALB/c and SWR/SJL spleens. After subcloning, B6-derived clones produced 8% positive subclones compared to 9.5% from SWR/SJL and 3.5% from BALB/c. Comparison of the isotype distribution of subclones showed a higher ratio of IgG antibodies compared to IgM from B6 mice in the B-gal fusions. IgA antibodies were recovered only from B6 mice. These data indicate that B6 transgenic mice that overexpress Bcl-2 in their B cells may be superior to other mouse strains for production of antigen-specific hybridomas.
Speech enhancement using a minimum-mean square error short-time spectral amplitude estimator (1984)

This paper focuses on the class of speech enhancement systems which capitalize on the major importance of the short-time spectral amplitude (STSA) of the speech signal in its perception. A system which utilizes a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) STSA estimator is proposed and then compared with other widely used systems which are based on Wiener filtering and the "spectral subtraction" algorithm. In this paper we derive the MMSE STSA estimator, based on modeling speech and noise spectral components as statistically independent Gaussian random variables. We analyze the performance of the proposed STSA estimator and compare it with a STSA estimator derived from the Wiener estimator. We also examine the MMSE STSA estimator under uncertainty of signal presence in the noisy observations. In constructing the enhanced signal, the MMSE STSA estimator is combined with the complex exponential of the noisy phase. It is shown here that the latter is the MMSE estimator of the complex exponential of the original phase, which does not affect the STSA estimation. The proposed approach results in a significant reduction of the noise, and provides enhanced speech with colorless residual noise. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is approximately that of other systems in the discussed class.
Cholesterol-fed and Transgenic Rabbit Models for the Study of Atherosclerosis (2000)

The rabbit has been extensively utilized as an ideal model of atherosclerosis because of its size, easy manipulation, and extraordinary response to dietary cholesterol. The availability of spontaneously hypercholesterolemic model, Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits (WHHL) and St. Thomas rabbits, has also provided insights into understanding human familiar hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. With the advent of genetically engineered rabbits, transgenic rabbits have become a novel means to explore a number of proteins that are associated with cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. To date, transgenes for human apo(a), apoA-I, apoB, apoE2, apoE3, hepatic lipase, lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), lipoprotein lipase, 15-lipoxygenase, as well as for rabbit apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide 1 (APOBEC-1), have been expressed in rabbits. In addition, human apoA-I, LCAT and apo(a) have been introduced into WHHL rabbits which have deficient LDL receptor function. All of these transgenes have been found to have significant effects on plasma lipoprotein metabolism or/and atherosclerosis. These studies have revealed new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the development of atherosclerosis. In this article, we provide a brief review on the rabbit model for the study of atherosclerosis with emphasis on transgenic rabbit models developed during the past few years.
Writing and reading 7.5 Gbits/in/sup 2/ longitudinal quantized magnetic disk using magnetic force microscope tips (1997)

Quantized magnetic disks (QMDs) consisting of longitudinal single-domain Ni bars with densities from 3 Gbits/in/sup 2/ to 10 Gbits/in/sup 2/ were fabricated using nanoimprint lithography and a lift-off process. Two different types of MFM tips were used in the writing and reading process, one for erasing and writing, another for reading; both were magnetically 'hard'. The QMDs were first erased by aligning all bars with the write-tip scanning the entire sample, then written using lithography software in NanoScope III. Error-free results were obtained up to 7.5 Gbits/in/sup 2/ despite the poorly-defined magnetic field from the write-tip and despite not having a feedback control for the write-tip position.
The MIDSTEP system for ultrasound guided remote telesurgery (2002)

MIDSTEP (Multimedia Interactive DemonStrator TElepresence) was a telepresence research project within the EU ACTS framework, designed to demonstrate the feasibility of remote telesurgery. The project had the principle objective of realising two telesurgery demonstration systems; one for 'local' telemanipulation over LAN and one for remote telemanipulation over WAN. Both demonstrators utilised remote robotic manipulation of an ultrasound probe, controlled by an expert ultrasonographer, to guide a surgeon at the patient site in performing simple invasive surgical tasks. The 'local' telemanipulation system was designed to allow an ultrasound expert to monitor a minimal invasive laparoscopic procedure by viewing the ultrasound image from a laparoscopic ultrasound probe. The expert was able to interpret the transmitted images and remotely move the ultrasound probe from a zoom adjacent to the operating room. The remote telesurgery system was designed to allow a remote ultrasound expert to perform a simple ultrasound guided biopsy, where the expert is located in a different hospital to where the patient and biopsy procedure is to take place. This paper presents the demonstrators generic architecture and results of the design features to overcome safety critical problems encountered in remote surgery.
Newer Cytotoxic Agents: Attacking Cancer Broadly (2008)

The plasticity and instability of the cancer genome is impressive and is characterized by gene amplifications and deletions, rearrangements, and many silent and active mutations. Although targeted therapeutics have had effect in some diseases, there remains a large role for new cytotoxic agents that have the potential to be broadly active across multiple cancers. Platinum-based regimens are the basis for treatment of several common tumors. Satraplatin and picoplatin are newer platinum complexes that form bulkier lesions in DNA than their forerunners. Microtubules are a key target for anticancer agents. Vinca alkaloid and similar compounds fragment these critical structures, whereas taxanes stabilize them. Vinflunine is a new fluorinated Vinca alkaloid derivative with vascular disrupting effects, as well as antitumor effects. Epothilones are a new class of microtubule stabilizers. Mitosis has been targeted directly and indirectly by many anticancer agents. The aurora kinases are new targets in this class. Inhibitors of aurora kinases are likely to be cytotoxic. Finally, protein regulation is essential for cellular integrity. With the approval of bortezomib (Velcade, PS-341), the proteosome, a master protein regulator, has been validated as an anticancer target. The five articles in this issue of CCR Focus present the current status of these next generation cytotoxic agents.
Immunopathogenesis of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1985)

Many abnormalities of humoral and cellular immunity associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome can be explained by the preferential infection of the T4 lymphocyte subset with the etiologic retrovirus. Severe alterations in specific T4 functions, such as inadequate immune responsiveness to specific antigen, result in devastating morbidity and mortality. On the basis of accumulated scientific knowledge, we outline the immunopathogenesis of this syndrome.
Human Rotaviruses and Genome RNA (1983)

Journal Article Human Rotaviruses and Genome RNA Get access Stephen J. Chanock, Stephen J. Chanock From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School; the Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center; and the Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massaschusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elizabeth A. Wenske, Elizabeth A. Wenske From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School; the Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center; and the Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massaschusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernard N. Fields Bernard N. Fields From the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School; the Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center; and the Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massaschusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 148, Issue 1, July 1983, Pages 49–50, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/148.1.49 Published: 01 July 1983
Comparison of the whey acidic protein genra of the rat and mouse (1984)

Whey acidic protein (WAP), a hormonally-regulated 14,000 dalton cysteine-rich protein, is the principal whey protein found in rodent milk. Genomic clones encompassing both the 2.8 Kb rat and 3.3 Kb mouse WAP genes have been characterized. The genes consist of four exons and three introns. The middle two exons encode the two cysteine-rich regions which probably form separate protein domains. Homology in the 5' flanking DNA of the mouse and rat extends at least 325 bp upstream of the putative CAP site, including a precisely conserved stretch of 50 bp around the unusual TATA and CAAT sites. The homology previously observed between the 3' noncoding sequences of the rat and mouse mRNAs extends at least 20 bp into the 3' flanking region. Several potential glucocorticoid receptor binding sites have been found in the 5' flanking region of the WAP gene. The conservation of the 5' flanking region of the WAP genes may be related to regulation of expression of WAP by peptide and/or steroid hormones.
Autocrine signals enable chondrocytes to survive in culture. (1994)

We recently proposed that most mammalian cells other than blastomeres may be programmed to kill themselves unless continuously signaled by other cells not to. Many observations indicate that some mammalian cells are programmed in this way, but is it the case for most mammalian cells? As it is impractical to test all of the hundreds of types of mammalian cells, we have focused on two tissues--lens and cartilage--which each contain only a single cell type: if there are cells that do not require signals from other cells to avoid programmed cell death (PCD), lens epithelial cells and cartilage cells (chondrocytes) might be expected to be among them. We have previously shown that rat lens epithelial cells can survive in serum-free culture without signals from other cell types but seem to require signals from other lens epithelial cells to survive: without such signals they undergo PCD. We show here that the same is true for rat (and chick) chondrocytes. They can survive for weeks in culture at high cell density in the absence of other cell types, serum, or exogenous proteins or signaling molecules, but they die with the morphological features of apoptosis in these conditions at low cell density. Medium from high density cultures, FCS, or a combination of known growth factors, all support prolonged chondrocyte survival in low density cultures, as long as antioxidants are also present. Moreover, medium from high density chondrocyte cultures promotes the survival of lens epithelial cells in low density cultures and vice versa. Chondrocytes isolated from adult rats behave similarly to those isolated from developing rats. These findings support the hypothesis that most mammalian cells require signals from other cells to avoid PCD, although the signals can sometimes be provided by cells of the same type, at least in tissues that contain only one cell type.
Graph-based approach for 3D object duplicate detection (2009)

In this paper, we consider the challenging problem of object duplicate detection and localization. Several applications require efficient object duplicate detection methods, such as automatic video and image tagging, video surveillance, and high level image or video search. In this paper, a novel graph-based approach for 3D object duplicate detection in still images is proposed. A graph model is used to represent the spatial information of the object in order to avoid making an explicit 3D object model. Therefore, better performance is achieved in terms of robustness and computational complexity.
Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding the transporter of taurine and beta-alanine in mouse brain. (1992)

A taurine/beta-alanine transporter was cloned from a mouse brain cDNA library by screening with a partial cDNA probe of the glycine transporter at low stringency. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts 590 amino acids with typical characteristics of the sodium-dependent neurotransmitter transporters such as sequence homology and membrane topography. However, the calculated isoelectric point of the taurine/beta-alanine transporter is more acidic (pI = 5.98) than those (pI > 8.0) of other cloned neurotransmitter transporters. Xenopus oocytes injected with cRNA of the cloned transporter expressed uptake activities with Km = 4.5 microM for taurine and Km = 56 microM for beta-alanine. Northern hybridization showed a single transcript of 7.5 kilobases that was highly enriched in kidney and distributed evenly in various parts of the brain. In situ hybridization showed the mRNA of the taurine/beta-alanine transporter to be localized in the corpus callosum, striatum, and anterior commisure. Specific localization of the taurine/beta-alanine transporter in mouse brain suggests a potential function for taurine and beta-alanine as neurotransmitters.