gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimizing instrument effects in an ocean bottom seismometer (1994)

Ocean acousticians have traditionally made measurements of the pressure component of the sound field. Previously initial tests were reported by one of the authors on an existing ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) which uses velocity sensors (geophones). Geophysicists have used OBS instruments primarily to time discrete seismic events. This paper describes a new OBS designed to measure sea floor vibration amplitudes, down to the ambient noise level, in the 1-50 Hz range. The design goal was to minimize both the self noise (an additive effect), and the multiplicative effect of the transfer function which relates sea floor motion to the motion recorded by the OBS
Atlas of Polymer Morphology (1989)

This book will be useful to those involved in optical transmission and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of polymers. The chapters include methods for morphological investigations and determination of fine structure (crystallinity, orientation) in various types of polymers and polymer blends. The effects of processing, mechanical deformation chemicals, and other agents are presented. Includes 442 micrographs. -- AATA
Identification of an alternatively spliced site in human plasma fibronectin that mediates cell type-specific adhesion. (1986)

We have compared the molecular specificities of the adhesive interactions of melanoma and fibroblastic cells with fibronectin. Several striking differences were found in the sensitivity of the two cell types to inhibition by a series of synthetic peptides modeled on the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) tetrapeptide adhesion signal. Further evidence for differences between the melanoma and fibroblastic cell adhesion systems was obtained by examining adhesion to proteolytic fragments of fibronectin. Fibroblastic BHK cells spread readily on fl3, a 75-kD fragment representing the RGDS-containing, "cell-binding" domain of fibronectin, but B16-F10 melanoma cells could not. The melanoma cells were able to spread instead on f9, a 113-kD fragment derived from the large subunit of fibronectin that contains at least part of the type III connecting segment difference region (or "V" region); f7, a fragment from the small fibronectin subunit that lacks this alternatively spliced polypeptide was inactive. Monoclonal antibody and fl3 inhibition experiments confirmed the inability of the melanoma cells to use the RGDS sequence; neither molecule affected melanoma cell spreading, but both completely abrogated fibroblast adhesion. By systematic analysis of a series of six overlapping synthetic peptides spanning the entire type III connecting segment, a novel attachment site was identified in a peptide near the COOH-terminus of this region. The tetrapeptide sequence Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV), which is somewhat related to RGDS, was present in this peptide in a highly hydrophilic region of the type III connecting segment. REDV appeared to be functionally important, since this synthetic tetrapeptide was inhibitory for melanoma cell adhesion to fibronectin but was inactive for fibroblastic cell adhesion. REDV therefore represents a novel adhesive recognition signal in fibronectin that possesses cell type specificity. These results suggest that, for some cell types, regulation of the adhesion-promoting activity of fibronectin may occur by alternative mRNA splicing.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF CELL WALL MUCOPEPTIDE BY A PARTICULATE FRACTION FROM STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (1964)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Transport and Localization Elements in Myelin Basic Protein mRNA (1997)

Myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA is localized to myelin produced by oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system. MBP mRNA microinjected into oligodendrocytes in primary culture is assembled into granules in the perikaryon, transported along the processes, and localized to the myelin compartment. In this work, microinjection of various deleted and chimeric RNAs was used to delineate regions in MBP mRNA that are required for transport and localization in oligodendrocytes. The results indicate that transport requires a 21-nucleotide sequence, termed the RNA transport signal (RTS), in the 3' UTR of MBP mRNA. Homologous sequences are present in several other localized mRNAs, suggesting that the RTS represents a general transport signal in a variety of different cell types. Insertion of the RTS from MBP mRNA into nontransported mRNAs, causes the RNA to be transported to the oligodendrocyte processes. Localization of mRNA to the myelin compartment requires an additional element, termed the RNA localization region (RLR), contained between nucleotide 1,130 and 1, 473 in the 3' UTR of MBP mRNA. Computer analysis predicts that this region contains a stable secondary structure. If the coding region of the mRNA is deleted, the RLR is no longer required for localization, and the region between nucleotide 667 and 953, containing the RTS, is sufficient for both RNA transport and localization. Thus, localization of coding RNA is RLR dependent, and localization of noncoding RNA is RLR independent, suggesting that they are localized by different pathways.
Gene recognition via spliced sequence alignment. (1996)

Gene recognition is one of the most important problems in computational molecular biology. Previous attempts to solve this problem were based on statistics, and applications of combinatorial methods for gene recognition were almost unexplored. Recent advances in large-scale cDNA sequencing open a way toward a new approach to gene recognition that uses previously sequenced genes as a clue for recognition of newly sequenced genes. This paper describes a spliced alignment algorithm and software tool that explores all possible exon assemblies in polynomial time and finds the multiexon structure with the best fit to a related protein. Unlike other existing methods, the algorithm successfully recognizes genes even in the case of short exons or exons with unusual codon usage; we also report correct assemblies for genes with more than 10 exons. On a test sample of human genes with known mammalian relatives, the average correlation between the predicted and actual proteins was 99%. The algorithm correctly reconstructed 87% of genes and the rare discrepancies between the predicted and real exon-intron structures were caused either by short (less than 5 amino acids) initial/terminal exons or by alternative splicing. Moreover, the algorithm predicts human genes reasonably well when the homologous protein is nonvertebrate or even prokaryotic. The surprisingly good performance of the method was confirmed by extensive simulations: in particular, with target proteins at 160 accepted point mutations (PAM) (25% similarity), the correlation between the predicted and actual genes was still as high as 95%.
Functional Domains of the Ferredoxin Transit Sequence Involved in Chloroplast Import (1995)

In order to analyze the information content of a chloroplast transit sequence, we have constructed and analyzed by in vitro assays seven substitution and 20 deletion mutants of the ferredoxin transit sequence. The N-terminal part and the C-terminal part are important for targeting, and in addition the C-terminal region is required for processing. A third region is important for translocation but not for the initial interaction with the envelope. A fourth region is less essential for in vitro import. Purified precursors were tested for their ability to compete for the in vitro import of radiolabeled wild-type precursor, which confirmed the important role in chloroplast recognition of both the N- and the C-terminal domain of the transit sequence. Monolayer experiments showed that the N terminus was mainly involved in the insertion into mono-galactolipid-containing lipid surfaces whereas the C terminus mediates the recognition of negatively charged lipids. A sequence comparison to other transit sequences suggests that the domain structure of the ferredoxin transit sequence can be extended to these sequences and thus reveals a general structural design of transit sequences.
Development of 3D-input device using adaptive control (2002)

This paper introduces the 3D-input device with adaptable control for human characteristics. For the problem of low response of the human motor system and differences of impedance between man and machine, the human friendly device is proposed with adaptive and predictive control using neural network architecture and machine impedance control according to the impedance of a human hand. The proposed device is evaluated using a comparison between the tracing resistance of virtual surface and real surface (ice, steel, and wood).
Pardon, histoire, oubli (2012)

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Über Sultame, VII. SULTAME VON AMINOSÄUREN (1962)

Abstract Es wird die Synthese von Butansultamen und Propansultamen durch Umsetzung von Glykokoll‐ und Alaninestern mit Chloralkansulfochloriden beschrieben. Die Aufspaltung der erhaltenen Sultamylessigsäuren und α‐Sultamyl‐propionsäuren führt zu Aminosäuren, die am Stickstoff SO 3 H‐haltige Alkylreste tragen.
Drosophila C-Terminal Src Kinase Negatively Regulates Organ Growth and Cell Proliferation through Inhibition of the Src, Jun N-Terminal Kinase, and STAT Pathways (2004)

Src family kinases regulate multiple cellular processes including proliferation and oncogenesis. C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) encodes a critical negative regulator of Src family kinases. We demonstrate that the Drosophila melanogaster Csk ortholog, dCsk, functions as a tumor suppressor: dCsk mutants display organ overgrowth and excess cellular proliferation. Genetic analysis indicates that the dCsk(-/-) overgrowth phenotype results from activation of Src, Jun kinase, and STAT signal transduction pathways. In particular, blockade of STAT function in dCsk mutants severely reduced Src-dependent overgrowth and activated apoptosis of mutant tissue. Our data provide in vivo evidence that Src activity requires JNK and STAT function.
Visually Lossless Compression for Color Images with Low Memory Requirement using Lossless Quantization (2012)

In this paper a novel method is proposed to compress color images with no loss in quality. For the compression of the color image non uniform quantizers are used. These non uniform quantizers are implemented for different areas. The blocks are classified, predicted, encoded and decoded to get the resulted output. The blocks are classified based on principle component analysis. The output provides a compressed image with high quality. Inorder to improve the compression ratio vector quantization for color images is proposed. This provides good quality images with high PSNR values. The algorithm uses low memory requirement.
An Explanation for Anovulation in Immature Alloxan-Diabetic Rats Treated with Pregnant Mare's Serum Gonadotropin: Reduced Pituitary Response to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* (1979)

We have recently reported that immature alloxan- diabetic rats injected with PMS gonadotropin do not ovulate because the preovulatory LH surge is absent. In the present studies, the hypothesis was tested that alloxan-induced diabetes might alter hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) depletion and⁄or pituitary response to GnRH. Immature rats were injected with PMSG at 30 days of age. In one experiment, the rats were killed either before or during the expected proest-rous LH surge (day 32), and the hypothalami were removed and assayed for GnRH content. In other experiments, the effects of GnRH on ovulation and serum and pituitary LH were tested by injecting GnRH early on presumed proestrus (day 32). A significant and similar degree of depletion of hypothalamic GnRH was found in diabetic and control rats after the time of the expected LH surge in nondiabetic rats. Although the degree of pituitary exposure to endogenous GnRH is unknown, these data suggest that the hypothalamic release of GnRH is not significantly impaired by diabetes. The time of ovulation could be advanced by two injections of GnRH in control rats, in contrast to diabetic rats which ovulated only if given three injections of GnRH late in the afternoon of presumed proestrus. The pituitary response to a single injection of GnRH (as indicated by serum LH) was 3- to 4-fold greater in control rats than in diabetic rats. Pituitary LH concentrations were normal in diabetic rats on the morning of presumed proestrus and were not depleted after an injection of GnRH. It is concluded that the most likely explanation for anovulation and the loss of the preovulatory LH surge in diabetic rats is a decreased response of the pituitary to GnRH on presumed proestrus.
Genetic lesions associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia chemo-refractoriness (2014)

Fludarabine refractoriness (FR) represents an unsolved clinical problem of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) management. Although next-generation sequencing studies have led to the identification of a number of genes frequently mutated in FR-CLL, a comprehensive evaluation of the FR-CLL genome has not been reported. Toward this end, we studied 10 FR-CLLs by combining whole-exome sequencing and copy number aberration (CNA) analysis, which showed an average of 16.3 somatic mutations and 4 CNAs per sample. Screening of recurrently mutated genes in 48 additional FR-CLLs revealed that ~70% of FR-CLLs carry ≥1 mutation in genes previously associated with CLL clinical course, including TP53 (27.5%), NOTCH1 (24.1%), SF3B1 (18.9%), and BIRC3 (15.5%). In addition, this analysis showed that 10.3% of FR-CLL cases display mutations of the FAT1 gene, which encodes for a cadherin-like protein that negatively regulates Wnt signaling, consistent with a tumor suppressor role. The frequency of FAT1-mutated cases was significantly higher in FR-CLL than in unselected CLLs at diagnosis (10.3% vs 1.1%, P = .004), suggesting a role in the development of a high-risk phenotype. These findings have general implications for the mechanisms leading to FR and point to Wnt signaling as a potential therapeutic target in FR-CLL.
Germinal Centers (1994)

Germinal centers develop in the B cell follicles of secondary lymphoid tissues during T cell-dependent (TD) antibody responses. The B cells that give rise to germinal centers initially have to be activated outside follicles, in the T cell-rich zones in association with interdigitating cells and T cell help. After immunization with a single dose of protein-based antigen, the germinal centers formed are oligoclonal; on average three B blasts colonize each follicle. These blasts undergo massive clonal expansion and activate a site-directed hypermutation mechanism that acts on their immunoglobulin-variable (Ig-v)-region genes. Mature germinal centers are divided into dark and light zones. The proliferating blasts, centroblasts, occupy the dark zone and give rise to centrocytes that are not in cell cycle and fill the light zone. The light zone contains a rich network of follicular dendritic cells (FDC) that have the capacity to take up antigen and hold this on their surface for periods of more than a year. The antigen is held as an immune complex in a native unprocessed form; but the antigen may be taken up from FDC by B cells, which can process this and present it to T cells. Centrocytes appear to be selected by their ability to interact with antigen held on FDC. There is a high death rate among centrocytes in vivo, and when these cells are isolated in vitro, they undergo apoptosis within hours on culture. The onset of apoptosis can be delayed by cross-linking centrocytes' surface Ig, and long-term survival is achieved by signalling through their surface CD40. After activation through CD40 the centrocytes increase their surface Ig and acquire characteristics of memory and processing of antigen held on FDC and its presentation to T cells that can be induced to express CD40 ligand at the point of cognate interaction. Other signals that induce a proportion of germinal center cells to become plasma cells have also been described. Germinal centers persist for about 3 weeks following immunization, but after this, memory B blasts continue to proliferate in follicles throughout the months of T cell-dependent antibody responses. These cells are probably the source of plasma cells and memory cells required to maintain long-term antibody production and memory after the first 3 weeks of T cell-dependent antibody responses.
Blocking Immune Evasion as a Novel Approach for Prevention and Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection (2003)

Many microorganisms encode immune evasion molecules to escape host defenses. Herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gC is an immunoevasin that inhibits complement activation by binding complement C3b. gC is expressed on the virus envelope and infected cell surface, which makes gC potentially accessible to blocking antibodies. Mice passively immunized with gC monoclonal antibodies prior to infection were protected against herpes simplex virus challenge only if the gC antibodies blocked C3b binding. Mice treated 1 or 2 days postinfection with gC monoclonal antibodies that block C3b binding had less severe disease than control mice treated with nonimmune immunoglobulin G (IgG). Mice immunized with gC protein produced antibodies that blocked C3b binding to gC. Immunized mice were significantly protected against challenge by wild-type virus, but not against a gC mutant virus lacking the C3b binding domain, suggesting that protection was mediated by antibodies that target the gC immune evasion domain. IgG and complement from subjects immunized with an experimental herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gD vaccine neutralized far more mutant virus defective in immune evasion than wild-type virus, supporting the importance of immune evasion molecules in reducing vaccine potency. These results suggest that it is possible to block immune evasion domains on herpes simplex virus and that this approach has therapeutic potential and may enhance vaccine efficacy.
Basal forebrain cholinergic lesions disrupt increments but not decrements in conditioned stimulus processing (1995)

Magnocellular neurons in the basal forebrain provide the major cholinergic innervation of cortex. Recent research suggests that this cholinergic system plays an important role in the regulation of attentional processes. The present study examined the ability of rats with selective immunotoxic lesions of these neurons (made with 192 IgG-saporin) to modulate attention within an associative learning framework. Each rat was exposed to conditioned stimuli (CS) that were either consistent or inconsistent predictors of subsequent cues. Intact control rats showed increased CS associability when that cue was an inconsistent predictor of a subsequent cue, whereas lesioned rats were impaired in increasing attention to the CS when its established relation to another cue was modified. In a separate experiment designed to test latent inhibition, it was shown that removal of the corticopetal cholinergic neurons spared a decrement in associability that occurs when rats are extensively preexposed to a CS prior to conditioning. These data indicate that the cholinergic innervation of cortex is critical for incrementing, but not for decrementing attentional processing. The specific behavioral tests used to assess the role of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in the present study were previously used to identify a role for the amygdala central nucleus in attention (Holland and Gallagher, 1993b). Those studies, together with the results in this report, indicate that regulation of attentional processes during associative learning may be mediated by projections from the amygdala to the basal forebrain cholinergic system.
Identification of the cuff transfer function increases indirect blood pressure measurement accuracy (2009)

At present, oscillometric blood pressure meters are among the most commonly used medical devices in the world. While substantial effort has been invested in developing more reliable evaluation algorithms, the actual hardware setup-an inflatable cuff and a pressure transducer connected to it-remained basically unchanged since the mid 19th century. Our research work has concentrated on developing an experimental test set-up to determine the transfer function of cuffs. The relationship between the volume pulses in the brachial artery and the pressure changes induced in the bladder was studied for cuffs of different size and placement. Significant differences have been found between small-, standard- and large-size cuffs. The placement of the bladder (tight, loose, upside down, over a shirtsleeve) remarkably affects the estimated systolic and diastolic pressures. Based on the reported research work it is possible to identify an improperly applied cuff that would result in a misleading BP measurement. Distortion caused by miscuffing is rather patient specific.
Structure and contribution to the heparin cofactor II-mediated inhibition of thrombin of naturally oversulphated sequences of dermatan sulphate (1993)

Dermatan sulphate (DS) obtained from bovine and pig mucosa and pig skin, and charge-enriched fractions of a selected DS preparation, were characterized in terms of charge density, M(r) and disaccharide composition of chondroitin ABC lyase digests, and by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Besides the major IdoA-GalNAc4SO3 sequences, all DS preparations contain about 10% disulphated disaccharide sequences (mostly IdoA2SO3-GalNAc4SO3, with minor amounts of IdoA-GalNAc4,6SO3). DS fragments (prepared by radical-catalysed depolymerization of DS and retaining the internal structure of the parent polysaccharide) as well as Smith degraded fragments [SD-DS, obtained by controlled degradation of periodate-oxidized and borohydride-reduced DS (RO-DS)] with the general structure GalNAc4SO3(IdoA2SO3-GalNAc4SO3)n-R (where R is the remnant of a glycol-split uronic acid, and n = 2-3 and 3-4) were characterized by one- and two-dimensional 1H-n.m.r., 13C-n.m.r. and disaccharide composition analysis. In accordance with previous findings [Maimone and Tollefsen (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 18263-18271], only fragments with n > or = 3 significantly enhance the heparin cofactor II-mediated inhibition of thrombin. In natural DS preparations and their fractions, this activity (as well as the antithrombotic activity in an animal model) appears to require IdoA2SO3-containing sequences. The heparin cofactor II activity of DS, RO-DS and SD-DS fragments decreases with decreasing M(r). However, RO-DS fragments are more active than DS fragments of similar M(r), probably because of the extra flexibility endowed by glycol-split IdoA residues.