gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sutureless Vascular Anastomosis With Biocompatible Heat-Shrink Tubing (1991)

We have tested a new method of vascular repair using biocompatible, low-temperature, heat-shrinkable tubing on canine carotid arteries. All of 16 canine carotid arteries were patent immediately after the anastomosis. None of the anastomoses leaked after the clamps were released. Average time from severing the vessel to releasing the clamps was 12 minutes. At 2 weeks, nine of 12 vessels were patent; the three failures were attributed to infection of a seroma that occurred in all of the dogs' necks. Histologic evaluation of the uninfected cases showed no inflammatory exudate around the prosthesis. Macroscopic and electron microscopic examination confirmed healing of the endothelium across the anastomoses. Sutureless vascular anastomosis with biocompatible heat-shrink tubing is a potential new modality for the acute repair of severed vessels.
In Vivo Visualization of Senile‐Plaque‐Like Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Patients by MR Microscopy on a 7T System (2007)

Although the precise mechanisms leading to the higher susceptibility rendering SP-like pathology observable within the cortical mantle are not totally understood, the study unambiguously demonstrated that MR microscopy is capable of directly visualizing cortical pathology in AD patients in vivo.
PARKINSONISM-DEMENTIA COMPLEX, AN ENDEMIC DISEASE ON THE ISLAND OF GUAM (1961)

Journal Article PARKINSONISM-DEMENTIA COMPLEX, AN ENDEMIC DISEASE ON THE ISLAND OF GUAM: II.—PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES Get access ASAO HIRANO, ASAO HIRANO 1Visiting Scientist, formerly Director of Guam Neurological Research Center, Epidemiology Branch, now at the National Institute of Nurological Diseases and Blindness (NINDB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NATHAN MALAMUD, NATHAN MALAMUD 2Professor of Psychiatry and Neuropathology, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LEONARD T. KURLAND LEONARD T. KURLAND 3Chief, Epidemiology Branch, NINDB, NIHBethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 84, Issue 4, December 1961, Pages 662–679, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/84.4.662 Published: 01 December 1961
Polymer therapeutics—polymers as drugs, drug and protein conjugates and gene delivery systems: Past, present and future opportunities (2006)

As the 21st century begins we are witnessing a paradigm shift in medical practice. Whereas the use of polymers in biomedical materials applications, for example as prostheses, medical devices, cont...
p21 Signaling Is Necessary but Not Sufficient to Mediate Neurotrophin Induction of Calcium Channels in PC12 Cells (1996)

Nerve growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor bind to and activate receptor tyrosine kinases, causing sequential signaling via the p21ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. The necessity and sufficiency of this signaling pathway in transducing neuronal differentiation have been tested in the PC12 cell model. Although necessary for morphological changes, the sufficiency of p21ras-mediated signaling in these events has come into question. We report that growth factor induction of voltage-gated calcium channels, a hallmark of physiological differentiation, also requires p21ras-mediated signaling, but cannot be driven by p21ras activation alone. Thus, constitutive expression of the dominant negative N17ras mutant blocks growth factor-induced increases in Omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive, nimodipine-sensitive, and Omega-conotoxin GVIA/nimodipine-resistant calcium currents, but it does not block sodium current induction. However, manipulations that produce sustained activation of the p21ras signaling pathway and the neurite extension characteristic of morphological differentiation fail to increase calcium channel current densities. These results indicate the existence of distinct signaling requirements for morphological and physiological differentiation and further emphasize the importance of p21ras-independent signaling pathways in growth factor-mediated neuronal development.
A phase II study on the postsurgical management of stage II malignant melanoma with a Newcastle disease virus oncolysate (1983)

A Newcastle disease virus lysate of malignant melanoma cells was examined for its possible value in delaying the progression of malignant melanoma with palpable regional node disease (Stage II) to disseminated melanoma (Stage III). This Phase II study was carried out in a group of 32 patients following therapeutic lymphadenectomy. The patients were not prospectively randomized. In each patient, the viral oncolysate was administered subcutaneously at regular intervals over 3 years. The cumulated progressions to disseminated disease at 1, 2 and 3 years were 6%, 8% and 12% of the study group, respectively. These experienced losses were considerably lower than in the control group and in similar control groups described by other investigators. The results suggest that an oncolysate prepared with Newcastle disease virus is a helpful adjunct to surgery in the management of Stage II malignant melanoma.
Immunomagnetic separation and DNA hybridization for detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in a piglet model (1991)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains were detected by stool blot hybridization assays using different oligonucleotide probes for the colonization fimbrial antigen F4, heat-stable enterotoxin I (ST I), and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT I) genes. Forty-eight fecal samples and seven samples of intestinal content from ETEC-challenged newborn piglets were processed in two ways: (i) by direct inoculation of bacterial suspension onto nylon membranes overlaying blood agar and (ii) by immunomagnetic enrichment of F4+ ETEC using magnetic beads coated with F4 monoclonal antibodies before inoculation onto nylon membranes. In samples obtained from nondiarrheic piglets pre- and postchallenge, E. coli genes for F4, ST I, and LT I could be detected only after immunomagnetic enrichment. No difference between the two methods in detection of these E. coli genes was observed when stool blots from diarrheic piglets were examined. By using magnetic separation, it was easy to decrease background bacterial flora, intestinal cells, and fecal debris and thus produce purer specimens. The method evaluated in this animal model appeared simple and quick and increased the sensitivity of detection of ETEC strains 100-fold compared with the direct stool blot hybridization assays. Prior bacterial isolation and identification were not necessary.
Overview of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (2002)

On the basis of the data provided in this issue of Spine, some of these bone morphogenetic protein-based products provide for revolutionary therapies in orthopedic practice.
FGF23 decreases renal NaPi-2a and NaPi-2c expression and induces hypophosphatemia in vivo predominantly via FGF receptor 1 (2009)

Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a phosphaturic hormone that contributes to several hypophosphatemic disorders by reducing the expression of the type II sodium-phosphate cotransporters (NaPi-2a and NaPi-2c) in the kidney proximal tubule and by reducing serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] levels. The FGF receptor(s) mediating the hypophosphatemic action of FGF23 in vivo have remained elusive. In this study, we show that proximal tubules express FGFR1, -3, and -4 but not FGFR2 mRNA. To determine which of these three FGFRs mediates FGF23's hypophosphatemic actions, we characterized phosphate homeostasis in FGFR3(-/-) and FGFR4(-/-) null mice, and in conditional FGFR1(-/-) mice, with targeted deletion of FGFR1 expression in the metanephric mesenchyme. Basal serum phosphorus levels and renal cortical brush-border membrane (BBM) NaPi-2a and NaPi-2c expression were comparable between FGFR1(-/-), FGFR3(-/-), and FGFR4(-/-) mice and their wild-type counterparts. Administration of FGF23 to FGFR3(-/-) mice induced hypophosphatemia in these mice (8.0 +/- 0.4 vs. 5.4 +/- 0.3 mg/dl; p < or = 0.001) and a decrease in renal BBM NaPi-2a and NaPi-2c protein expression. Similarly, in FGFR4(-/-) mice, administration of FGF23 caused a small but significant decrease in serum phosphorus levels (8.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 7.6 +/- 0.4 mg/dl; p < or = 0.001) and in renal BBM NaPi-2a and NaPi-2c protein abundance. In contrast, injection of FGF23 into FGFR1(-/-) mice had no effects on serum phosphorus levels (5.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.5 mg/dl) or BBM NaPi-2a and NaPi-2c expression. These data show that FGFR1 is the predominant receptor for the hypophosphatemic action of FGF23 in vivo, with FGFR4 likely playing a minor role.
Donor lung preservation: effect of cold preservation fluids on cultured pulmonary endothelial cells (1994)

Pulmonary arterial (PA) endothelial cell morphology changes during cold preservation. In the present study, the efficacy of University of Wisconsin solution (UW), UW solution without colloid (modified UW), Euro-Collins (EC), Marshall's solution (MS), and medium 199 + 10% fetal calf serum [culture medium (CM)] in maintaining and regaining the cytoskeleton of cultured porcine PA endothelial cells kept at 4 degrees C and then rewarmed was compared. Features studied were actin, microtubules, vinculin, and talin, using immunofluorescence, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunoblotting; permeability of the cell sheet; wound healing; and phagocytic capacity. When cooled, microtubules depolymerized in all fluids but EC and MS reduced depolymerization of actin. Permeability decreased at 4 degrees C (P < 0.05), and wound healing and phagocytosis ceased. When rewarmed after EC, UW, and CM preservation, wound healing and phagocytosis started within 15 min and proceeded normally. Permeability returned to normal but was excessive following UW preservation. Microtubule repolymerization was fastest following UW preservation, and actin filament repolymerization was fastest after EC preservation. Thus the type of preservation fluid used influenced the rate of loss and recovery of specific cytoskeletal components, with EC giving the fastest structural and functional recovery.
Antibacterial activity of microbicidal cationic proteins 1 and 2, natural peptide antibiotics of rabbit lung macrophages (1983)

Microbicidal cationic proteins 1 and 2, peptides derived from rabbit lung macrophages, were tested for bactericidal activity against various bacterial species. Both were highly active against diverse gram-positive and gram-negative organisms under conditions of near-neutral pH (between 7 and 8) and relatively low ionic strength. Susceptible species included Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens. Streptococcus agalactiae, type 1A, was less susceptible than the aforementioned organisms or S. agalactiae, type 3. Bordetella bronchiseptica, a common commensal and pathogen of the rabbit respiratory tract, was completely resistant to both peptides.
Effects of Monophosphoryllipid-A on the Immunization of Mice with Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin- and Muramyldipeptide-Ganglioside Gfpt1 Conjugates (1996)

Since it was considered that an active immunization against ganglioside Gfpt1 (IV2Fuc-, II3NeuAc-Gg4Cer) expressed by human small cell lung cancer cells may be beneficial in the treatment of this neoplasm in humans, an optimal mode of vaccination in model mice was investigated. A novel Gfpt1-muramyldipeptide conjugate (Gfpt1-MDP) was synthesized. Its ganglioside carbohydrate-directed immunogenicity in mice as measured by serum antibody titers was comparable to that of the previously described Gfpt1-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate (Gfpt1-KLH). Similar immunogenicity was displayed by free Gfpt1 in muramyldipeptide-phosphoethanolamine-containing phosphatidyl-choline, -serine (PC,PS) liposomes. Immunization with Gfpt1-vaccines in the presence of monophosphoryllipid A (MPL), in general, raised titers of anti-Gfpt1 antibodies effectively. Immunization with PC, PS-liposomes containing unconjugated Gfpt1 and MPL stimulated the highest titers observed, thereby effectively preventing tumor growth in Balbc nu/nu-mice challenged with human small cell lung cancer cells. However, there was a strong crossreaction of these and most other sera with the structurally related and widely distributed ganglioside Gtet1 (II3NeuAc-Gg4Cer). Only immunization with Gfpt1-KLH conjugate in the presence of MPL stimulated selectively high anti-Gfpt1 antibody titers showing comparably low crossreactivity to ganglioside Gtet1.
Molecular basis of variation in protective SzP proteins of Streptococcus zooepidemicus (1998)

Variant motifs may be valuable in epizootiologic and pathogenesis studies of S zooepidemicus infections of the respiratory tract of young horses and in determining whether there are populations of S zooepidemicus unique to specific animal hosts. It is also clear from the opsonic responses to SzP that at least a portion of the protective responses are probably not serovar specific.
Karyotyping of Yeast Strains by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (2003)

Pulsed-field (gradient) gel electrophoresis (now abbreviated to PFGE or PF) was first described by Schwartz and Cantor (1) and Carle and Olson (2) in 1984. It allows separation of DNA molecules in the size range 50 kb to approx 10 Mb in agarose gels to which electric fields are applied in different directions. The chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lie within the approximate size range of 200 kb to 3 Mb and can therefore be separated by this method to provide “electrophoretic karyotyping” of both laboratory-bred (3) and industrial (4), strains of this and related species. Several other yeasts of various genera, such as Candida albicans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, have also been karyotyped by this method (4–8).
Aggressive Combination Therapy in the Successful Management of Life-Threatening Intracranial Hemorrhage in a Patient with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (1986)

We describe acute therapy for a 13-year-old female from Panama with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) refractory to steroids, splenectomy, vinca alkaloids, and azathioprine. She presented with neurologic deterioration from a posterior fossa intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). This followed a 3-month history of severe dysfunctional uterine bleeding, progressive from menarche, which had required multiple red cell transfusions. Steroid and vinblastine therapy and transfusion of 40 U of platelets failed to increase the platelet count above 10,000/microliter. Development of a second larger ICH (frontal) produced morbid increase in intracranial pressure that necessitated neurosurgical decompression. Plasma exchange and colloid repletion with intravenous gamma globulin (1 g/kg) and an infusion of 20 U of platelets resulted in a transient rise in platelet count to 160,000/microliter, permitting surgery without bleeding. Danazol (800 mg/day) and conjugated estrogen (Premarin 25 mg/day) were begun to control the uterine bleeding. Intensive plasma exchange and i.v. IgG infusions were continued daily for 24 days, then twice weekly for several weeks. Platelet-bound IgG decreased almost 500% over the first 10 days of therapy, and platelets increased dramatically to 600,000/microliter after 3 weeks of therapy. The patient has remained amenorrheic with a normal platelet count for more than 24 months on daily danazol therapy and monthly infusions of i.v. IgG (0.4 g/kg/dose).
Transformation of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Transfected by Harvey ras Oncogene (1985)

Transfection of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells with a plasmid carrying the ras oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus (v-Ha ras) changed the growth requirements, terminal differentiation, and tumorigenicity of the recipient cells. One of the cell lines isolated after transfection (TBE-1) was studied extensively and shown to contain v-Ha ras DNA. Total cellular RNA from TBE-1 cells hybridized to v-Ha ras structural gene fragment probes five to eight times more than RNA from parental NHBE cells. The TBE-1 cells expressed phosphorylated v-Ha ras polypeptide p21, showed a reduced requirement for growth-factor supplements, and became aneuploid as an early cellular response to v-Ha ras expression. As the transfectants acquire an indefinite life-span and anchorage independence they became transplantable tumor cells and showed many phenotypic changes suggesting a pleiotropic mechanism for the role of Ha ras in human carcinogenesis.
Seeing Through Fog Without Seeing Fog: Deep Sensor Fusion in the Absence of Labeled Training Data. (2019)

The fusion of multimodal sensor streams, such as camera, lidar, and radar measurements, plays a critical role in object detection for autonomous vehicles, which base their decision making on these inputs. While existing methods exploit redundant information in good environmental conditions, they fail in adverse weather where the sensory streams can be asymmetrically distorted. These rare edge-case scenarios are not represented in available datasets, and existing fusion architectures are not designed to handle them. To address this challenge we present a novel multimodal dataset acquired in over 10,000km of driving in northern Europe. Although this dataset is the first large multimodal dataset in adverse weather, with 100k labels for lidar, camera, radar, and gated NIR sensors, it does not facilitate training as extreme weather is rare. To this end, we present a deep fusion network for robust fusion without a large corpus of labeled training data covering all asymmetric distortions. Departing from proposal-level fusion, we propose a single-shot model that adaptively fuses features, driven by measurement entropy. We validate the proposed method, trained on clean data, on our extensive validation dataset. Code and data are available here this https URL.
Characterization of adducts formed between human serum albumin and the butadiene metabolite epoxybutanediol (2005)

1,3-Butadiene (BD) has been classified as a potential human carcinogen. It occurs in the environment as well as in industrial settings. In humans, BD is readily metabolized to reactive epoxides (e.g. 1,2-epoxy-3,4-butanediol). In this study, conjugates between human serum albumin (HSA) and EBD were synthesized (molar ratios of 1:600, 1:1 and 1:0.1; HSA/EBD) under physiological conditions. The 1:600 conjugate and a blank HSA sample were digested with trypsin to obtain specific peptides that were fractionated by preparative liquid chromatography (LC). The fractions were analyzed using nanoelectrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (nanoES-QqTOFMS). Adducted HSA tryptic peptides were identified and the adducted amino acid residues were identified by sequence analysis based on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). A total of 26 2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl (THB) adducts were identified on 23 tryptic peptides in the HSA/EBD conjugate. The adducted amino acids were the N-terminal aspartic acid residue, six glutamic acid residues, five histidine residues and 14 lysine residues. Results from the nanoES-QqTOFMS experiments were used to set up a more sensitive liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric (LC/MS) analysis using selected reaction monitoring. Eight of the adducted peptides could be detected in tryptic digests of the 1:0.1 HSA/EBD conjugate.
Adaptive Self Refresh Scheme for Battery Operated High-Density Mobile DRAM Applications (2006)

Self refresh current in modern DRAMs is becoming more difficult problem to handle because the decreasing cell transistor size has a negative effect on the uniformity of capacitor charge. In order to solve this issue, adaptive self refresh(ASR) scheme has been developed. A dual period based refresh is performed in the ASR scheme to reduce power dissipation using row register information. The row register information is adaptively modified according to the cell data retention characteristics. When DRAM enters self refresh mode, only the rows which were activated for write are tested using internal refresh test circuits. The test results are used to choose the appropriate period for the dual period base self refresh operation. This paper demonstrates 512M mobile SDRAM utilizing this adaptive self refresh(ASR) capability to minimize standby power to 150uA @85°C while maintaining chip area of the conventional scheme using the same process technology.
A Potent Inhibitor of SIK2, 3, 3′, 7-Trihydroxy-4′-Methoxyflavon (4′-O-Methylfisetin), Promotes Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells (2011)

Flavonoids, which are plant polyphenols, are now widely used in supplements and cosmetics. Here, we report that 4'-methylflavonoids are potent inducers of melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells and in mice. We recently identified salt inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) as an inhibitor of melanogenesis via the suppression of the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-specific coactivator 1 (TORC1). Using an in vitro kinase assay targeting SIK2, we identified fisetin as a candidate inhibitor, possibly being capable of promoting melanogenesis. However, fisetin neither inhibited the CREB-inhibitory activity of SIK2 nor promoted melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Conversely, mono-methyl-flavonoids, such as diosmetin (4'-O-metlylluteolin), efficiently inhibited SIK2 and promoted melanogenesis in this cell line. The cAMP-CREB system is impaired in A(y)/a mice and these mice have yellow hair as a result of pheomelanogenesis, while Sik2(+/-); A(y)/a mice also have yellow hair, but activate eumelanogenesis when they are exposed to CREB stimulators. Feeding Sik2(+/-); A(y)/a mice with diets supplemented with fisetin resulted in their hair color changing to brown, and metabolite analysis suggested the presence of mono-methylfisetin in their feces. Thus, we decided to synthesize 4'-O-methylfisetin (4'MF) and found that 4'MF strongly induced melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells, which was accompanied by the nuclear translocation of TORC1, and the 4'-O-methylfisetin-induced melanogenic programs were inhibited by the overexpression of dominant negative TORC1. In conclusion, compounds that modulate SIK2 cascades are helpful to regulate melanogenesis via TORC1 without affecting cAMP levels, and the combined analysis of Sik2(+/-) mice and metabolites from these mice is an effective strategy to identify beneficial compounds to regulate CREB activity in vivo.
Method for Predicting Void Ratio and Triaxial Friction Angle from Laboratory CPT at Shallow Depths (2006)

In this report an investigation of the relationship between the tip resistance, qc of a laboratory CPT-probe versus the relative density, Dr and friction angle, ∏ of Aalborg University Sand No. 1 is carried out. A method for estimating the relative density and the triaxial friction angle from the cone resistance of the laboratory probe is proposed.<br/><br/>The suggested method deals with the fact that the friction angle is depended of the stress level especially at low stresses. The method includes a calibration of the cone resistance from the laboratory CPT at shallow depths i.e. low values of d/D against the properties of Aalborg University sand No. 1.<br/>