gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Nature of Polyimide-Clay Hybrid Composites (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Nature of Polyimide-Clay Hybrid CompositesTie Lan, Padmananda D. Kaviratna, and Thomas J. PinnavaiaCite this: Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 5, 573–575Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00041a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00041a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1597Altmetric-Citations487LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chlamydia pneumoniae infection alters the junctional complex proteins of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (2002)

Chlamydia pneumoniae has been identified and associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, although the relationship of this organism in these diseases remains controversial.We have hypothesized that one potential avenue of infection is through the junctional complexes between the blood^brain barrier (BBB) endothelia.C. pneumoniae is characteristically a respiratory pathogen, but has been implicated in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and neuroinflammatory conditions.C. pneumoniae infection may lead to endothelial damage, junctional alterations, and BBB breakdown.Therefore, in this study, C. pneumoniae infection of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) resulted in increased expression of the zonula adherens proteins L-catenin, N-cadherin, and VE-cadherin, and decreased expression of the tight junctional protein occludin, as determined by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analyses.These events may underlie a mechanism for the regulation of paracellular permeability while maintaining barrier integrity during C. pneumoniae infection associated with neuropathologies such as MS and AD.
A structural study of 2-amino-5-nitropyridine and 2-amino-3-nitropyridine: intermolecular forces and polymorphism (1998)

The crystal structures of four compounds from a family of commonly used molecular building blocks of nonlinear optical materials, aminonitropyridines, have been determined. The structures of 2-amino-5-nitropyridine 1, 2-amino-5-nitropyridine monohydrate 2, and of two new polymorphs of 2-amino-3-nitropyridine 3,4, are all stabilised by a combination of hydrogen bonds (including C–H‥X interactions) and dispersive and electrostatic interlayer interactions. The balance between these intermolecular forces, and the way in which they influence the packing of these materials, are discussed.
Glucocorticoid enhances gamma interferon effects on human monocyte antigen expression and ADCC. (1986)

The expression of HLA-DR antigen by highly enriched human monocytes cultured in serum free medium was found to be markedly elevated by human recombinant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). This effect was maximal after 48 h in culture with 300 mu/ml IFN-gamma. Class I MHC antigen also increased with IFN-gamma treatment. By contrast, binding of a myeloid-specific monoclonal antibody, AML-2-23, was dramatically decreased by IFN-gamma. The augmentation of MHC antigens was not ablated by an immunosuppressive concentration (2 X 10(-7) M) of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX). In fact, both the enhancement of Class I and Class II MHC antigen expression and the suppression of AML-2-23 antigen by IFN-gamma were often more profound in the presence of DEX. IFN-gamma treatment also resulted in elevated monocyte effector function, as measured by antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). This functional activation was not inhibited by DEX. On the contrary, DEX slightly augmented IFN-gamma effects on ADCC. This contrasts with other reports that glucocorticoids inhibit monocyte responsiveness to lymphokines, and suggests that the interplay between lymphokines and the glucocorticoid hormones may be more complex than previously thought.
Tubulin Assembly, Taxoid Site Binding, and Cellular Effects of the Microtubule-Stabilizing Agent Dictyostatin (2005)

(-)-Dictyostatin is a sponge-derived, 22-member macrolactone natural product shown to cause cells to accumulate in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, with changes in intracellular microtubules analogous to those observed with paclitaxel treatment. Dictyostatin also induces assembly of purified tubulin more rapidly than does paclitaxel, and nearly as vigorously as does dictyostatin's close structural congener, (+)-discodermolide (Isbrucker et al. (2003), Biochem. Pharmacol. 65, 75-82). We used synthetic (-)-dictyostatin to study its biochemical and cytological activities in greater detail. The antiproliferative activity of dictyostatin did not differ greatly from that of paclitaxel or discodermolide. Like discodermolide, dictyostatin retained antiproliferative activity against human ovarian carcinoma cells resistant to paclitaxel due to beta-tubulin mutations and caused conversion of cellular soluble tubulin pools to microtubules. Detailed comparison of the abilities of dictyostatin and discodermolide to induce tubulin assembly demonstrated that the compounds had similar potencies. Dictyostatin inhibited the binding of radiolabeled discodermolide to microtubules more potently than any other compound examined, and dictyostatin and discodermolide had equivalent activity as inhibitors of the binding of both radiolabeled epothilone B and paclitaxel to microtubules. These results are consistent with the idea that the macrocyclic structure of dictyostatin represents the template for the bioactive conformation of discodermolide.
Ion-exchanged Er/Yb waveguide laser at 1.5 µmpumped by laser diode (1995)

A diode-pumped planar Er/Yb waveguide laser is demonstrated. The device was fabricated by thallium exchange in a phosphorus-free silicate glass. Lasing was achieved at 1544 nm with a threshold of 5 mW and a slope efficiency of 2%. The low threshold indicates the absence of the severe backtransfer effects previously reported in Er/Yb bulk laser silicate glasses.
On the optimal detection of curves in noisy pictures (1971)

A technique for recognizing systems of lines is presented. In this technique the heuristic of the problem is not embedded in the recognition algorithm but is expressed in a figure of merit. A multistage decision process is then able to recognize in the input picture the optimal system of lines according to the given figure of merit. Due to the global approach, greater flexibility and adequacy in the particular problem is achieved. The relation between the structure of the figure of merit and the complexity of the optimization process is then discussed. The method described is suitable for parallel processing because the operations relative to each state can be computed in parallel, and the number of stages is equal to the length N of the curves (or to log2 (N) if the approximate method is used).
T Cells Recognizing Multiple Peptides of Myelin Basic Protein are Found in Blood and Enriched in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Optic Neuritis and Multiple Sclerosis (1993)

The cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown. Recently reported abnormal T-cell responses to several myelin proteins and myelin basic protein (MBP) peptides in peripheral blood constitute one line of evidence that autoimmune mechanisms could be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Monosymptomatic unilateral optic neuritis (ON) is a common first manifestation of MS and important to examine for a possible restriction of the T-cell repertoire early in the disease. T-cell activities to MBP and the MBP amino acid sequences 63-88, 110-128 and 148-165 were examined by short-term cultures of mononuclear cells from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood in the presence of these antigens, and subsequent detection and counting of antigen-specific T cells that responded by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion. Most patients with MS and ON had MBP and MBP peptide-reactive T cells in CSF, amounting to mean values of between about 1 per 2000 and 1 per 7000 CSF cells and without immunodominance for any of the peptides. Numbers were 10-fold to 100-fold lower in the patients' blood. Values were similar in ON and MS, and no evidence was obtained for a more restricted T-cell repertoire in ON. The MBP peptide-recognizing T-cell repertoire was different in CSF than in blood in individual patients with ON and MS, thereby giving further evidence for an autonomy of the autoimmune T-cell response in the CSF compartment. No relations were observed between numbers of autoreactive T cells and presence of oligoclonal IgG bands in CSF or abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in ON or clinical variables of MS. The high numbers of MBP and MBP peptide-reactive T cells could play a role in the pathogenesis of ON via secretion of effector molecules, one of them being IFN-gamma, as well as in the transfer of ON to MS.
Molecular Characterization of the MouseTem1/endosialin Gene Regulated by Cell Density in Vitro and Expressed in Normal Tissues in Vivo (2001)

Human tumor endothelial marker 1/endosialin (TEM1/endosialin) was recently identified as a novel tumor endothelial cell surface marker potentially involved in angiogenesis, although no specific function for this novel gene has been assigned so far. It was reported to be expressed in tumor endothelium but not in normal endothelium with the exception of perhaps the corpus luteum. Here we describe the cDNA and genomic sequences for the mouse Tem1/endosialin homolog, the identification and characterization of its promoter region, and an extensive characterization of its expression pattern in murine and human tissues and murine cell lines in vitro. The single copy gene that was mapped to chromosome 19 is intronless and encodes a 92-kDa protein that has 77.5% overall homology to the human protein. The remarkable findings are 1) this gene is ubiquitously expressed in normal human and mouse somatic tissues and during development, and 2) its expression at the mRNA level is density-dependent and up-regulated in serum-starved cells. In vitro, its expression is limited to cells of embryonic, endothelial, and preadipocyte origin, suggesting that the wide distribution of its expression in vivo is due to the presence of vascular endothelial cells in all the tissues. The ubiquitous expression in vivo is in contrast to previously reported expression limited to corpus luteum and highly angiogenic tissues such as tumors and wound tissue.
Can O.S.S. be Repaired? - Proposal for a New Practical Signature Scheme - (2007)

This paper describes a family of new Ong-Schnorr-Shamir-Fiat-Shamir-like [] identification and signature protocols designed to prevent forgers from using the Pollard-Schnorr attack [].Our first signature scheme (and its associated identification protocol) uses x, which is secret-free, as a commitment on which k will depend later. Therefore, the original quadratic equation is replaced by x2 − -k(x)y2 = m mod n where k(x) is a non-polynomial function of x and since the Poliard-Schnorr algorithm takes as input value k (to output x and y), it becomes impossible to feed à-priori k(x) which is output-dependentThe second signature method takes advantage of the fact that although an attacker can generate validOSS signatures (solutions {x,y} of x2 - k y2 = m mod n), he has no control over the internal structure of x and y and in particular, if we restrict the solution space by adding extra conditions on x and y, it becomes very difficult to produce forged solutions that satisfy the new requirements.
Activation of the DNA-binding ability of human heat shock transcription factor 1 may involve the transition from an intramolecular to an intermolecular triple-stranded coiled-coil structure. (1994)

Heat stress regulation of human heat shock genes is mediated by human heat shock transcription factor hHSF1, which contains three 4-3 hydrophobic repeats (LZ1 to LZ3). In unstressed human cells (37 degrees C), hHSF1 appears to be in an inactive, monomeric state that may be maintained through intramolecular interactions stabilized by transient interaction with hsp70. Heat stress (39 to 42 degrees C) disrupts these interactions, and hHSF1 homotrimerizes and acquires heat shock element DNA-binding ability. hHSF1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes also assumes a monomeric, non-DNA-binding state and is converted to a trimeric, DNA-binding form upon exposure of the oocytes to heat shock (35 to 37 degrees C in this organism). Because endogenous HSF DNA-binding activity is low and anti-hHSF1 antibody does not recognize Xenopus HSF, we employed this system for mapping regions in hHSF1 that are required for the maintenance of the monomeric state. The results of mutagenesis analyses strongly suggest that the inactive hHSF1 monomer is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions involving all three leucine zippers which may form a triple-stranded coiled coil. Trimerization may enable the DNA-binding function of hHSF1 by facilitating cooperative binding of monomeric DNA-binding domains to the heat shock element motif. This view is supported by observations that several different LexA DNA-binding domain-hHSF1 chimeras bind to a LexA-binding site in a heat-regulated fashion, that single amino acid replacements disrupting the integrity of hydrophobic repeats render these chimeras constitutively trimeric and DNA binding, and that LexA itself binds stably to DNA only as a dimer but not as a monomer in our assays.
Extremely slow coherent polarization decay of waveguide- plasmon-polaritons in metallic photonic crystal slabs (2003)

Autocorrelation measurements using sub-20 fs laser pulses show that dephasing times of quasiparticles consisting of waveguide modes and particle plasmons can be increased by more than a factor of two when tuning the photonic crystal slab into the strong coupling regime.
Fracture behavior of urinary stones under compression (1989)

The fracture behavior of two types of urinary stones, namely struvite and calcium oxalate, during compression testing was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the fracture surfaces. Both types of stone showed pseudo-plastic behavior as indicated by their load-displacement curve. The onset of nonlinear behavior was found to correspond to development of microcracks in the specimens. The compressive strength was defined as the stress calculated at the maximum load. In struvite samples, the maximum load corresponded with the development of large cracks parallel to the compressive axis. For oxalate stones a separation of the outer layer (crust) from the inner layer (core) marked the point of maximum load. The compressive strength of the struvite samples was found to depend on the orientation of lamellae relative to the loading axis. Struvite stones, when loaded parallel to the lamination direction showed a higher compressive strength than oxalate stones did. The fracture behavior and compressive strength of a model material (z-brick) were also characterized and compared to those of the urinary stones.
The AtGRF family of putative transcription factors is involved in leaf and cotyledon growth in Arabidopsis (2003)

Previously, we identified a novel rice gene, GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR1 (OsGRF1), which encodes a putative transcription factor that appears to play a regulatory role in stem elongation. We now describe the GRF gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGRF), which comprises nine members. The deduced AtGRF proteins contain the same characteristic regions--the QLQ (Gln, Leu, Gln) and WRC (Trp, Arg, Cys) domains--as do OsGRF1 and related proteins in rice, as well as features indicating a function in transcriptional regulation. Most of the AtGRF genes are strongly expressed in actively growing and developing tissues, such as shoot tips, flower buds, and roots, but weakly in mature stem and leaf tissues. Overexpression of AtGRF1 and AtGRF2 resulted in larger leaves and cotyledons, as well as in delayed bolting of the inflorescence stem when compared to wild-type plants. In contrast, triple insertional null mutants of AtGRF1-AtGRF3 had smaller leaves and cotyledons, whereas single mutants displayed no changes in phenotype and double mutants displayed only minor ones. The alteration of leaf growth in overexpressors and triple mutants was based on an increase or decrease in cell size, respectively. These results indicate that AtGRF proteins play a role in the regulation of cell expansion in leaf and cotyledon tissues.
Structure of the Human Telomere in K + Solution: A Stable Basket-Type G-Quadruplex with Only Two G-Tetrad Layers (2009)

Previously, it has been reported that human telomeric DNA sequences could adopt in different experimental conditions four different intramolecular G-quadruplexes each involving three G-tetrad layers, namely, Na(+) solution antiparallel-stranded basket form, K(+) crystal parallel-stranded propeller form, K(+) solution (3 + 1) Form 1, and K(+) solution (3 + 1) Form 2. Here we present a new intramolecular G-quadruplex adopted by a four-repeat human telomeric sequence in K(+) solution (Form 3). This structure is a basket-type G-quadruplex with only two G-tetrad layers: loops are successively edgewise, diagonal, and edgewise; glycosidic conformations of guanines are syn x syn x anti x anti around each tetrad. Each strand of the core has both a parallel and an antiparallel adjacent strands; there are one narrow, one wide, and two medium grooves. Despite the presence of only two G-tetrads in the core, this structure is more stable than the three-G-tetrad intramolecular G-quadruplexes previously observed for human telomeric sequences in K(+) solution. Detailed structural elucidation of Form 3 revealed extensive base pairing and stacking in the loops capping both ends of the G-tetrad core, which might explain the high stability of the structure. This novel structure highlights the conformational heterogeneity of human telomeric DNA. It establishes a new folding principle for G-quadruplexes and suggests new loop sequences and structures for targeting in human telomeric DNA.
Stable alphavirus packaging cell lines for Sindbis virus- and Semliki Forest virus-derived vectors (1999)

Alphavirus vectors are being developed for possible human vaccine and gene therapy applications. We have sought to advance this field by devising DNA-based vectors and approaches for the production of recombinant vector particles. In this work, we generated a panel of alphavirus vector packaging cell lines (PCLs). These cell lines were stably transformed with expression cassettes that constitutively produced RNA transcripts encoding the Sindbis virus structural proteins under the regulation of their native subgenomic RNA promoter. As such, translation of the structural proteins was highly inducible and was detected only after synthesis of an authentic subgenomic mRNA by the vector-encoded replicase proteins. Efficient production of biologically active vector particles occurred after introduction of Sindbis virus vectors into the PCLs. In one configuration, the capsid and envelope glycoproteins were separated into distinct cassettes, resulting in vector packaging levels of 10(7) infectious units/ml, but reducing the generation of contaminating replication-competent virus below the limit of detection. Vector particle seed stocks could be amplified after low multiplicity of infection of PCLs, again without generating replication-competent virus, suggesting utility for production of large-scale vector preparations. Furthermore, both Sindbis virus-based and Semliki Forest virus-based vectors could be packaged with similar efficiency, indicating the possibility of developing a single PCL for use with multiple alphavirus-derived vectors.
Quantitative analysis of biologic specimens by X‐ray scanning analytic microscopy (2004)

X-ray scanning analytic microscopy (XSAM) can be used to visualize the elemental distribution in biologic specimens. In this article, the authors prepared standard specimens for XSAM and performed quantitative analysis of various elements dissolved in soft tissues. Two different types of standard specimens were prepared. Methylmethacrylate (MMA) resin-based standard specimens were prepared with organic compounds of elements for low-concentration standards and lithium borate glass-based standard specimens were prepared with oxides of elements for higher concentration standards. Using these standard specimens, the P and Ca concentrations in normal rat tissue and dissolved Ni, Fe, and Ni concentrations around metal-implanted tissues were quantitatively analyzed. The estimated concentrations of dissolved Fe, Cu, and Ni from the implants were 1000, 40, and 20 mM, respectively. From the concentration levels causing inflammation around these implants, the high toxicity for soft tissue of Ni and Cu at low concentrations, for example, 10 mM, was confirmed. The toxicity of Cu was estimated as next to that of Ni. In contrast, Fe had low toxicity despite high concentrations of dissolved Fe of as much as 1000 mM. In this article, it was possible to estimate the nonmetallic elements and low-concentration metallic elements dispersed in soft tissue by XSAM.
Comparison of the boundary-lubricating ability of bovine synovial fluid, lubricin, and Healon (1998)

Purified human umbilical hyaluronate and a commercial preparation of rooster comb hyaluronate (Healon) intended for intra-articular viscosupplementation did not demonstrate the same degree of boundary-lubricating ability as bovine synovial fluid or its purified lubricating mucin, lubricin (p < 0.01). Boundary lubrication was measured in vitro in an arthrotripsometer oscillating natural latex against polished glass under a load of 0.35 MPa with an entraining velocity of 0.37 mm/s. The two hyaluronate solutions possessed the same hyaluronate concentration as synovial fluid, but Healon was 4.5 times more viscous. Present practice of viscosupplementation therapy for degenerative joint disease is limited and fails to implicate the important role of synovial mucin. Boundary lubrication provided by synovial mucin, independent of its viscosity, is not replicated by hyaluronate hydrogels.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on binge‐eating disorder (2016)

This proof of concept study is the first to find ameliorating effects of tDCS in BED. Stimulation of the right DLPFC suggests that enhanced cognitive control and/or decreased need for reward may be possible functional mechanisms. The results support investigation of repeated tDCS as a safe and noninvasive treatment adjunct for BED. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:930-936).
Reshaping a therapeutic CD4 antibody. (1991)

An immunosuppressive rat antibody (Campath-9) against human CD4 has been reshaped for use in the management of autoimmunity and the prevention of graft rejection. Two different forms of the reshaped antibody were produced that derive their heavy chain variable region framework sequences from the human myeloma proteins KOL or NEW. When compared to a chimeric form of the CD4 antibody, the avidity of the KOL-based reshaped antibody was only slightly reduced, whereas that of the NEW-based reshaped antibody was very poor. The successful reshaping to the KOL-based framework was by a procedure involving the grafting of human framework sequences onto the cloned rodent variable region by in vitro mutagenesis.