gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aromatase and Estrogen Receptor Immunoreactivity in the Coronary Arteries of Monkeys and Human Subjects (1999)

Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether estrogen could be formed locally in the coronary arteries. Design Coronary arteries were examined from monkeys (Macaca fascicularis, one male and one female) and human subjects (one premenopausal woman, one postmenopausal woman, and one man) by immunocytochemistry, using purified antiseta against human placental estrogen synthetase (aromatase) and ER α. The arteries were graded for the amount of atherosclerosis. Results There was clear immunopositivity for both aromatase and estrogen receptors in all arteries studied. Although all endothelial cells (CD31 positive) stained for both antigens, the staining in macrophages, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells was irregular. Conclusion The present results provide the first evidence for the local formation of estrogen in the coronary arteries. In addition to complementing the evidence of a cardioprotective effect of estrogen on the coronary circulation, our results highlight the potential importance of local regulation of estrogen formation and the role of available precursor androgens in maintaining the cardiovascular system.
A silent H-bond can be mutationally activated for high-affinity interaction of BMP-2 and activin type IIB receptor (2007)

Binding specificity of BMP-2 for its three type II receptors BMPR-II, Act-RII and ActR-IIB is encoded on single amino acid level. Exchange of only one or two residues results in BMP-2 variants with a dramatically altered type II receptor specificity profile, possibly allowing construction of BMP-2 variants that address a single type II receptor. The structure-/function studies presented here revealed a new mechanism, in which the energy contribution of a conserved H-bond is modulated by surrounding intramolecular interactions to achieve a switch between low- and high-affinity binding.
Crystal Structure at 3.5 Å Resolution of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Complexed with an Inhibitor (1992)

A 3.5 angstrom resolution electron density map of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase heterodimer complexed with nevirapine, a drug with potential for treatment of AIDS, reveals an asymmetric dimer. The polymerase (pol) domain of the 66-kilodalton subunit has a large cleft analogous to that of the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. However, the 51-kilodalton subunit of identical sequence has no such cleft because the four subdomains of the pol domain occupy completely different relative positions. Two of the four pol subdomains appear to be structurally related to subdomains of the Klenow fragment, including one containing the catalytic site. The subdomain that appears likely to bind the template strand at the pol active site has a different structure in the two polymerases. Duplex A-form RNA-DNA hybrid can be model-built into the cleft that runs between the ribonuclease H and pol active sites. Nevirapine is almost completely buried in a pocket near but not overlapping with the pol active site. Residues whose mutation results in drug resistance have been approximately located.
Desmosealin and other components of the epidermal extracellular matrix. (2009)

Integrity of the skin is necessary for maintaining body's homeostasis. Barrier function of human skin largely depends on the final product of epidermal cell differentiation, the horny layer, i.e. stratum corneum. As epidermis is constantly in self-renewal, the superficial desquamation is adequately compensated by keratinocyte proliferation in epidermal basal layer. Cohesion in the epidermis depends on the presence of specialized adhering junctions, desmosomes, and their modified version encountered in the horny layer, corneodesmosomes. These structures must be finely regulated to allow a regular flow of differentiating keratinocytes through the epidermal layers and their release at the top of the skin, without compromising tissue resilience and cohesion. Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, which fill the inter-keratinocyte spaces in living epidermal layers, are involved in tissue hydration, nutrition, and regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. In the stratum corneum, extracellular lipids self-organize into multilayered sheets, essential for establishing of the permeability barrier. Desmosealin is a new epidermal proteoglycan, part of the tissue-specific ECM, that shows affinity to the extracellular compartment of desmosomes. This highly glycosylated molecule may play a role in the protection of desmosomes against premature proteolysis of its components, and, thus, in the skin barrier function.
Determination of coupling capacitance of underpasses, air bridges and crossings in MICs and MMICs (1987)

The coupling capacitance of galvanically separated conductor crossings of general geometry is determined using a static spectral domain approach. The presence of a multilayer dielectric medium as used in modern MMICs is considered. Results are presented for a wide range of conductor widths on a 200μm GaAs substrate with additional dielectric layers.
Annotation automatique de scenes vidéo (2016)

Videos often depict complex scenes including people, objects and interactions between these and the environment. Relations between agents are likely to evolve in time and agents can perform actions. The automatic understanding of video data is complicated as it requires to properly localize the agents both in space and time. Moreover, one need to automatically describe the relations between agents and how these evolve in time. Modern approaches to computer vision heavily rely on supervised learning, where annotated samples are provided to the algorithm to learn parametric models. However, for rich data such as video, the labelling process starts to be costly and complicated. Also, symbolic labels are not sufficient to encode the complex interactions between people, objects and scenes. Natural language offers much richer descriptive power and is thus a practical modality to annotated video data. Therefore, in this thesis we propose to focus on jointly modeling video and text. We explore such joint models in the context of movies with associated movie scripts, which provide accurate descriptions of the pictured events. The main challenge that we face is that movie scripts do not provide precise temporal and spatial localization of objects and actions. We first present a model for automatically annotating person tracks in movies with person and action labels. The model uses a discriminative clustering cost function, and weak supervision in the form of constraints that we obtain from scripts. This approach allows us to spatially and temporally localize agents and the actions they perform, as described in the script, in the video. However, the temporal and spatial localization is due to the use of person detection tracks. Then, in a second contribution, we describe a model for aligning sentences with frames of the video. The optimal temporal correspondence is again obtained using a discriminative model under temporal ordering constraints. This alignment model is applied on two datasets: one composed of videos associated with a stream of symbolic labels; a second one composed of videos with textual descriptions in the form of key steps towards a goal (cooking recipes for instance).
Autonomous diagnostics and prognostics in machining processes through competitive learning-driven HMM-based clustering (2008)

A prerequisite to widespread deployment of condition-based maintenance (CBM) systems in industry is autonomous yet effective diagnostics and prognostics algorithms. The concept of ‘autonomy’ in the context of diagnostics and prognostics is usually based on unsupervised clustering techniques. This paper employs an unsupervised competitive learning algorithm to perform hidden Markov model (HMM) based clustering of multivariate temporal observation sequences derived from sensor signal(s). This method improves autonomy of the diagnostic engine over the more traditional classifier based diagnostics models. Classifier models, such as the model presented by Baruah and Chinnam [Baruah, P. and Chinnam, R.B., 2005. HMM for diagnostics and prognostics in machining processes. International Journal of Production Research, 43 (6), 1275–1293] employ ‘labelled’ feature vectors for supervised model building and subsequent health-state classification during condition monitoring. Improving the autonomy of the diagnostics model also improves the autonomy of the prognostics module that often builds upon information extracted through the diagnostics module. We have validated the proposed methods on a physical test-bed that involved monitoring drill-bits on a CNC machine outfitted with thrust-force and torque sensors. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of this method to estimate on-line the remaining-useful-life of a drill-bit with significant accuracy.
Animation: from cartoons to the user interface (1993)

Article Animation: from cartoons to the user interface Share on Authors: Bay-Wei Chang Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile , David Ungar Sun Microsystems Laboratories, Inc., 2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, CA Sun Microsystems Laboratories, Inc., 2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims UIST '93: Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technologyDecember 1993 Pages 45–55https://doi.org/10.1145/168642.168647Online:01 December 1993Publication History 116citation3,456DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations116Total Downloads3,456Last 12 Months195Last 6 weeks12 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Schizophrenia and smoking: an epidemiological survey in a state hospital (1995)

After correction for other variables, schizophrenia appears to increase the risk of being both a smoker and a heavy smoker. There was a possible association between high doses of neuroleptics and smoking but only for nonschizophrenic patients.
Hyperammonaemia. A variant type of deficiency of liver ornithine transcarbamylase. (1969)

The specific syndrome arising from an absent or low hepatic ornithine transcarbamylase activity has been termed hyperammonaemia (Russell et al., 1962; Levin and Russell, 1967; Levin, 1968). In the previous communication (Levin et al., 1969) 2 cases occurring in mother and child are described. In this article, we record an infant who during the course of an investigation for the cause of his vomiting had an unexplained episode of illness in which he became lethargic, drowsy, and finally comatose, with convulsions. He was found to have a high plasma and CSF ammonia, and the diagnosis of hyperammonaemia was confirmed by assay of the urea cycle enzymes of the liver.
Measurement of composition profiles in III-nitrides by quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy (2010)

In this paper we demonstrate a quantitative method for composition evaluation based on comparison of normalized image intensity with simulations carried out with the frozen lattice approximation. The method is applied to evaluate composition profiles of AlxGa1−xN/GaN layers. We measure ratios of image intensities obtained in regions with unknown and with known Al-concentration x, respectively. We show that estimation of specimen thickness combined with evaluation of intensity ratios allows quantitative measurement of composition profiles. Delocalization effects at interfaces due to instrumental resolution and dynamic electron diffraction are simulated. These effects can well be described by convolution with a Lorentzian. Measured intensity profiles can be corrected for delocalization effects using statistical parameter estimation so that deconvolution is avoided.
Intestinal transplantation before and after the introduction of sirolimus1 (2002)

An immunosuppressive regimen that includes sirolimus has improved graft survival. Furthermore, this regimen has significantly decreased the incidence of early rejection and has eliminated early graft loss caused by fulminant rejection.
Calculation of Reactivity Ratios and Sequence Distributions in Copolymers from Monomers13C-NMR Data (1985)

Abstract A screening procedure has been developed to predict the average sequence distribution in vinyl copolymers from monomer 13C-NMR data. The 13C-NMR absorption frequencies of the carbon atoms of the polymerizable double bond are used to calculate the Alfrey-Price Q and e values as previously described by Borchardt and Dalrymple. These, in turn, are used to calculate the monomer reactivity ratios. Reactivity ratios for 54 copolymerizations were calculated by this procedure and compared to literature values. The copolymer sequence distribution may then be determined by means of a computer program written by Harwood. The sequence distribution in copolymers of methacrylic acid and dimethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate, 1,1-dichloroethylene and methacrylonitrile, ethyl acrylate and n-butyl methacrylate, and acrylamide and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate were calculated from reactivity ratios derived from 13C-NMR data and compared to literature values. This procedure may be used to calculate the reactivity ratios from 13C-NMR spectra of monomers for which no Q and e values are known. By this method the average sequence distribution of such monomers in copolymers may be predicted, significantly reducing the number of copolymers to be synthesized and tested for use in various applications.
Expression of paragloboside-like lipooligosaccharides may be a necessary component of gonococcal pathogenesis in men. (1991)

To learn how lipooligosaccharide (LOS) phase variations affect pathogenesis, we studied two male volunteers who were challenged intraurethrally with Neisseria gonorrhoeae that make a single LOS of 3,600 daltons and sequentially followed LOS expression by gonococci as urethritis developed. LOS variation occurred in vivo. Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea began with the appearance of variants making 4,700-dalton LOS that are immunochemically similar to glycosphingolipids of human hematopoietic cells (Mandrell, R.E., J.M. Griffiss, and B.A. Macher. 1989. J. Exp. Med. 168:107) and that have acceptors for sialic acid. A variant that appeared at the onset of leukorrhoea was shed by 34/36 men with naturally acquired gonorrhea at the time they sought medical attention; the other two shed the variant associated with dysuria. None shed the challenge variant. These data show that in vivo phase shifts to higher molecular mass LOS that mimic human cell membrane glycolipids are associated with the development of gonococcal leukorrhea.
The Amygdala as a Neurobiological Target for Ghrelin in Rats: Neuroanatomical, Electrophysiological and Behavioral Evidence (2012)

Here, we sought to demonstrate that the orexigenic circulating hormone, ghrelin, is able to exert neurobiological effects (including those linked to feeding control) at the level of the amygdala, involving neuroanatomical, electrophysiological and behavioural studies. We found that ghrelin receptors (GHS-R) are densely expressed in several subnuclei of the amygdala, notably in ventrolateral (LaVL) and ventromedial (LaVM) parts of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus. Using whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology to record from cells in the lateral amygdaloid nucleus, we found that ghrelin reduced the frequency of mEPSCs recorded from large pyramidal-like neurons, an effect that could be blocked by co-application of a ghrelin receptor antagonist. In ad libitum fed rats, intra-amygdala administration of ghrelin produced a large orexigenic response that lasted throughout the 4 hr of testing. Conversely, in hungry, fasted rats ghrelin receptor blockade in the amygdala significantly reduced food intake. Finally, we investigated a possible interaction between ghrelin's effects on feeding control and emotional reactivity exerted at the level of the amygdala. In rats allowed to feed during a 1-hour period between ghrelin injection and anxiety testing (elevated plus maze and open field), intra-amygdala ghrelin had no effect on anxiety-like behavior. By contrast, if the rats were not given access to food during this 1-hour period, a decrease in anxiety-like behavior was observed in both tests. Collectively, these data indicate that the amygdala is a valid target brain area for ghrelin where its neurobiological effects are important for food intake and for the suppression of emotional (anxiety-like) behaviors if food is not available.
Differential diagnosis and treatment of hearing loss. (2003)

Hearing loss is a common problem that can occur at any age and makes verbal communication difficult. The ear is divided anatomically into three sections (external, middle, and inner), and pathology contributing to hearing loss may strike one or more sections. Hearing loss can be categorized as conductive, sensorineural, or both. Leading causes of conductive hearing loss include cerumen impaction, otitis media, and otosclerosis. Leading causes of sensorineural hearing loss include inherited disorders, noise exposure, and presbycusis. An understanding of the indications for medical management, surgical treatment, and amplification can help the family physician provide more effective care for these patients.
Characterization of the Extracellular Ligand-Binding Domain of the Type II Activin Receptor (1998)

The binding of a ligand to cell surface receptors initiates a cascade of intracellular signals that generate responses to the external stimuli. Thus, this event plays a pivotal role in the mechanism of transmembrane signaling. Activin is a member of a cytokine family that is involved in diverse biological processes. To study the structural basis that underlies the transmembrane signaling mechanism, we have overexpressed the soluble extracellular domain of the type II activin receptor from mouse (ActRII-ECD). We used the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris as an expression host to produce a large quantity of ActRII-ECD. Expression was carried out in a fermentor with a typical yield of 10 mg of pure ActRII-ECD from a liter of growth media. Biological function was confirmed by the ability to decrease the activin-stimulated release of FSH from cultured rat pituitary cells in addition to several activin-binding assays, including native gel shift and chemical cross-linking. The glycosylation on ActRII-ECD was shown to be dispensable for high-affinity activin binding, and nonnatural sugars from the yeast expression host did not interfere with binding, indicating that the binding of activin is not sensitive to the environment near the two positions of N-linked glycosylation. Analytical ultracentrifugation of the complex between activin A and ActRII-ECD reveals that two receptors associate with one activin A dimer, consistent with results from chemical cross-linking experiments.
Phosphorylation of the Translational Repressor PHAS-I by the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (1997)

The immunosuppressant rapamycin interferes with G1-phase progression in lymphoid and other cell types by inhibiting the function of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR was determined to be a terminal kinase in a signaling pathway that couples mitogenic stimulation to the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-4E-binding protein, PHAS-I. The rapamycin-sensitive protein kinase activity of mTOR was required for phosphorylation of PHAS-I in insulin-stimulated human embryonic kidney cells. mTOR phosphorylated PHAS-I on serine and threonine residues in vitro, and these modifications inhibited the binding of PHAS-I to eIF-4E. These studies define a role for mTOR in translational control and offer further insights into the mechanism whereby rapamycin inhibits G1-phase progression in mammalian cells.
The effect of intensive intermittent maintenance therapy in advanced low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1987)

One hundred and eleven patients with low-grade histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma achieving a restaged complete response to one of three induction therapies on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) protocol EST 2474 were randomized to receive either maintenance treatment with BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (BCVP) given every 6 weeks for an additional 18 months or no further therapy. Overall toxicity was moderate. The median progression-free survival (PFS) on maintenance therapy was 3.2 years versus 2.0 years for those observed without treatment (P = 0.02). Progression-free survival was significantly shorter for patients with nodular and diffuse pattern (ND), histiocytic or mixed histology compared with pure nodular lymphocytic, or poorly differentiated counterpart (P = 0.0007), thus confirming the prognostic significance of histologic subtypes. However, the overall survival of patients was not improved by maintenance treatment, suggesting that therapy upon relapse was an equally effective alternative clinical strategy.
High Resolution NMR-based Model for the Structure of a scFv-IL-1β Complex (2009)

Monoclonal antibodies have recently started to deliver on their promise as highly specific and active drugs; however, a more effective, knowledge-based approach to the selection, design, and optimization of potential therapeutic antibodies is currently limited by the surprising lack of detailed structural information for complexes formed with target proteins. Here we show that complexes formed with minimal antigen binding single chain variable fragments (scFv) reliably reflect all the features of the binding interface present in larger Fab fragments, which are commonly used as therapeutics, and report the development of a robust, reliable, and relatively rapid approach to the determination of high resolution models for scFv-target protein complexes. This NMR spectroscopy-based approach combines experimental determination of the interaction surfaces and relative orientations of the scFv and target protein, with NMR restraint-driven, semiflexible docking of the proteins to produce a reliable and highly informative model of the complex. Experience with scFvs and Fabs targeted at a number of secreted regulatory proteins suggests that the approach will be applicable to many therapeutic antibodies targeted at proteins, and its application is illustrated for a potential therapeutic antibody targeted at the cytokine IL-1beta. The detailed structural information that can be obtained by this approach has the potential to have a major impact on the rational design and development of an increasingly important class of biological pharmaceuticals.
[Cell-specific expression of AFP gene is dependent on some nuclear proteins]. (1995)

AFP is an oncodevelopmental protein. Its level decreases abruptly after birth and reaches almost undetectable level during normal adult life. However, reexpression of the gene can be observed during hepatocarcinogenesis. To further understand mechanism of regulating AFP expression, we checked several restriction enzyme map of 5' terminal and flanking sequences of AFP gene. There are no differences among adult rat liver, fetal liver and hepatoma cells. Using +2(-)-255 bp sequence probe of AFP gene to do southwestern blotting assay, the result showed that the gene-active cells, such as hepatoma cells, contained binding-proteins which were apparently lacking in adult rat liver, lung, spleen, heart and kidney cells. While the fractions of nuclear proteins from adult rat liver cells were devoid of any stimulatory effect on transcription, those of binding-proteins from hepatoma stimulated the transcription of AFP gene in vitro. The hepatoma binding-proteins can rescue transcription activity of fraction of nuclear proteins from adult rat liver cells. These results indicate that cell-specific expression of AFP gene is regulated by protein-factors.