gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced delivery of siRNA complexes by sonoporation in transgenic rice cell suspension cultures. (2009)

Small interfering synthetic double-stranded RNA (siRNA) was applied to suppress the expression of the human cytotoxic- T-lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (hCTLA4Ig) gene transformed in transgenic rice cell cultures. The sequence of the 21-nucleotide siRNA was deliberately designed and synthesized with overhangs to inactivate the expression of hCTLA4Ig. The chemically synthesized siRNA duplex was combined with polyethyleneimine (PEI) at a mass ratio of 1:10 (0.33 microg siRNA:3.3 microg PEI) to produce complexes. The siRNA complexes (siRNA+PEI) were labeled with Cy3 in order to subsequently confirm the delivery by fluorescent microscopy. In addition, the cells were treated with sonoporation at 40 kHz and 419 W for 90 s to improve the delivery. The siRNA complexes alone inhibited the expression of hCTLA4Ig to 45% compared with control. The siRNA complexes delivered with sonoporation downregulated the production of hCTLA4Ig to 73%. Therefore, we concluded that the delivery of siRNA complexes into plant cells could be enhanced successfully by sonoporation.
Database Structures, Based on Tries, for Text, Spatial, and General Data. (1996)

Digital trees, or tries, were introduced thirty years ago for sublinear-time retrieval of substrings from large texts. They were exploited for this, as a well-known example, by the University of Waterloo project to put the New Oxford English Dictionary onto CD-ROM. We have recently improved the performance of trie techniques for text and shown their use in searches for approximations to a given string. We have also shown that tries have excellent retrieval properties for spatial data. We have shown how to use tries to represent, without redundancy, spatial data which can be displayed to any resolution, retrieving from disk or from network only the amount of data that will finally be displayed. We have done this particularly for two-dimensional vector data, such as makes up very large maps, but have also established that the trie techniques apply to raster data and to data of other than two dimensions. These results are the basis for a claim that tries offer the best storage ...
Recommended Guidelines for Materials Selection Policies in Community College Libraries (1983)

The author examines the components of thirty-six selection policies of community college libraries in the United States. On the basis of this data and other published literature including accepted standards, suggested guidelines are offered for the development of a model materials selection policy for a community college library. Twenty individual components are evaluated and suggested for inclusion in a community college materials selection policy.
Normal, Autoimmune, and Malignant CD5+ B Cells: The LY-1 B Lineage? (1988)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Inferring Cellular Networks Using Probabilistic Graphical Models (2004)

High-throughput genome-wide molecular assays, which probe cellular networks from different perspectives, have become central to molecular biology. Probabilistic graphical models are useful for extracting meaningful biological insights from the resulting data sets. These models provide a concise representation of complex cellular networks by composing simpler submodels. Procedures based on well-understood principles for inferring such models from data facilitate a model-based methodology for analysis and discovery. This methodology and its capabilities are illustrated by several recent applications to gene expression data.
Cardiac myocyte gap junctions: evidence for a major connexon protein with an apparent relative molecular mass of 70,000 (1990)

It is widely accepted that there is a family of gap junction connexon proteins, their distribution appearing to vary with tissue type and species. In cardiac tissues the major junctional channel component identified is a 43K (K = 10(3) Mr) polypeptide. Using a gap junction isolation protocol in which low temperatures are maintained, and which is detergent-free, we have identified a second gap junction-related protein in cardiac tissues with an apparent relative molecular mass of 70,000. Antibodies raised to three synthetic peptides matching portions of the 43K gap junction protein cDNA sequence cross-react with the 70K protein, but biochemical studies indicate that these proteins are distinct from one another. The structures that contain the 70K protein are susceptible to fragmentation at warm temperatures, and by electron microscopy this can be correlated with loss of 'minidomains' within the junctional plaque. Using a gap junction enriched-fraction prepared from purified isolated adult myocytes we show that both the 43K and 70K gap junction proteins are present in ventricular cardiac myocytes. In such preparations, and those from whole heart, the 70K protein appears to be the major gap junction-related protein present.
A measure of motion salience for surveillance applications (2002)

A measure of motion salience is proposed for surveillance applications. In this context, salient motion is taken as motion that is likely to result from a typical surveillance target (e.g., a person or vehicle travelling with a sense of direction through a scene) as opposed to other distracting motions (e.g., the scintillation of specularities on water, the oscillation of trees in the wind). The measure that is proposed makes use of spatiotemporal and gradient filters to characterize the extent to which a single coherent motion dominates local regions in space-time. Empirical results show that the measure is capable of making the desired distinctions. The significance of the approach lies in its ability to provide information about motion salience based on relatively simple, early vision operations. Such information can provide vital input to subsequent processing in attempting to distinguish targets of interest from mere distractors.
Compartmentalization of Electrophoretically Separated Analytes in a Multiphase Microfluidic Platform (2012)

Herein, we describe the monolithic integration of a multiphase microfluidic system to a microcapillary gel electrophoresis (μCGE) architecture for the complete isolation and storage of separated analyte bands. Within this platform, analyte molecules are separated using microchannel gel electrophoresis, and the eluted bands are stored in a sequence of approximately 40-600 encapsulating microdroplets. Importantly, employing such a system allows for total control of droplet size, shape, and composition. This approach is utilized to separate, optically detect, and encapsulate two fluorescent analytes from a composite sample mixture. Further to this, we subsequently investigate the potential of the system to be used as a concentration gradient generator through analysis of the segmented analyte bands and droplet composition.
Catalytic Asymmetric Boration of Acyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Esters and Nitriles (2007)

Asymmetric β-boration of acyclic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds provides ready access to enantioenriched functionalized organoboron compounds. A range of acyclic unsaturated esters and nitriles reacted with high enantioselectivity and good yields at room temperature using a copper catalyst and planar chiral diphosphine ligands (L). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z703699_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Properties of Nucleoside Phosphorylase fromEnterobacter aerogenes (1985)

Journal Article Properties of Nucleoside Phosphorylase from Enterobacter aerogenes Get access Takashi Utagawa, Takashi Utagawa Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1–1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hirokazu Morisawa, Hirokazu Morisawa Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1–1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigeru Yamanaka, Shigeru Yamanaka Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1–1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akihiro Yamazaki, Akihiro Yamazaki Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1–1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Fumihiro Yoshinaga, Fumihiro Yoshinaga Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1–1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshio Hirose Yoshio Hirose Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1–1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 11, 1 November 1985, Pages 3239–3246, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10867255 Published: 01 November 1985 Article history Received: 23 May 1985 Published: 01 November 1985
Platelet membrane activation markers are predictive for increased risk of acute ischemic events after PTCA. (1993)

We conclude that analysis of platelet membrane activation markers may help to predict an increased risk of acute ischemic events after angioplasty.
Vinorelbine plus 3-weekly trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer: a single-centre phase 2 trial (2007)

Although lower than in initial studies, activity of 3-weekly trastuzumab plus vinorelbine fell within the range of results reported with weekly schedules. Toxicity was prevalently manageable. This combination is safe and active for metastatic breast cancer patients who received adjuvant taxanes with anthracyclines.
Expression, function and regulation of the intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) on human intestinal epithelial cell lines (1991)

We have characterized the presence of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (CD54) on human intestinal adenocarcinoma cell lines as a nonreducible polypeptide of Mr 93 kDa, identified as a rhinovirus receptor. Expression of ICAM-1 was positively correlated with enterocytic maturation, in that the percentage of ICAM-1+ cells was highest in the most differentiated cell line Caco-2. ICAM-1 could be up-regulated only on the less differentiated cell lines HT29 and T84 by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and by the cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL) 1 beta. Enterocyte ICAM-1 was involved in adhesion to activated T cells through binding to the leukocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). These data provide evidence that colon adenocarcinoma cell lines express functional ICAM-1 sensitive to cytokine regulation. These findings support the hypothesis that lympho-epithelial interactions involving the ICAM-1/LFA-1 pathway may be implicated in immunosurveillance of colon adenocarcinomas, inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease, where increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines are locally produced within the gut mucosa.
INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE AS PRIMARY TREATMENT OF CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION (2005)

IVT may be of potential use in treating CME due to BRVO, as either a primary or an adjunctive treatment modality. A prospective, randomized trial to clarify this role is warranted.
A Facile Preparation of the Fluoroaryl Zinc Halides: an Application to the Synthesis of Diflunisal (2000)

haveprovided useful methods for C-C bond formation. Employ-ment of the highly reactive organometallic precursors in thecoupling reaction often precluded the presence of the labilefunctional groups on the reacting substrates. Thus the prepa-ration of such molecules with high degree of functionalityrequires the protection-deprotection steps as well as thefunctional group interconversion afterward. The recentadvances employing organometallics with milder reactivity,such as organotin,
Event Detection for Managed-Pressure Drilling: A New Paradigm (2012)

Abstract Effective event detection has traditionally been a largely manual process, exclusively in the realm of experienced personnel, who not only continuously monitor drilling parameters but also identify the current state of operations based on this data. Owing to the large number of variables and inherent uncertainties in drilling operations today, this approach still provides one of the most reliable methods. However, as a result of the advent of managed-pressure drilling and the need to carefully control and manipulate bottomhole pressures within a specified "window," the proper diagnosis and management of well events has become even more critical. Furthermore, with the popularization of an "automated" control philosophy, this can only be fully realized with an integrated event-detection system. Because a manual approach to event detection does not provide the mechanisms required to support such a philosophy, a real-time automated event-detection system is essential. A number of approaches have been tried in the industry to implement such an event-detection system with varying, but limited, success. The approach has typically been based on a collection of rigid and archaic logic-based statements, which attempt to overly simplify and abstract operational complexity, leading to a superficial, limited, and inefficient system. This paper presents a new, novel, and efficient approach to a real-time, automated event-detection system for managed-pressure drilling operations. Events will be discussed and followed by a detailed description of the system, algorithms, and approaches.
Methanolobus zinderi sp. nov., a methylotrophic methanogen isolated from a deep subsurface coal seam (2009)

A methanogenic organism from the domain Archaea (SD1(T)) was isolated from saline water released from a coal seam located 926 m below the surface via a methane-producing well near Monroe, Louisiana, USA. Growth and methanogenesis were supported with methanol, monomethylamine, dimethylamine or trimethylamine, but not with dimethylsulfide, formate, acetate or H(2)/CO(2). Cells grew in high-salt minimal medium but growth was stimulated with yeast extract or tryptone. Cells were single, non-motile, irregular coccoids 0.5-1.0 microm in diameter and the cell wall contained protein. Conditions for the maximum rate of growth were 40-50 degrees C, 0.2-0.6 M NaCl, 100->or=200 mM MgCl(2), and pH 7.0-8.0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42+/-1mol %. A comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SD1(T) was most closely related to Methanolobus oregonensis DSM 5435(T) with 96 % gene sequence similarity. It is proposed that strain SD1(T) represents a novel species, Methanolobus zinderi sp. nov. The type strain is SD1(T) (=ATCC BAA-1601(T)=DSM 21339(T)).
Structural and functional comparison of the genes for human platelet factor 4 and PF4alt (1990)

Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is a 70 amino acid heparin-binding protein released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets. Its exact biologic function is not known, although PF4 is a member of a multigene family involved in chemotaxis, coagulation, inflammation, and cell growth. We previously cloned the cDNA for human PF4 from a human erythroleukemic (HEL) cell expression library. We now report the isolation and sequence determination of the gene for human PF4. This gene contains three exons and spans approximately 1,000 basepairs (bp). Concurrently, we have cloned a highly homologous gene that we have called PF4alt. We show that PF4 and PF4alt are non-allelic genes: the human PF4 gene is encoded on a 10 kilobasepairs (kb) EcoRI fragment, and its DNA sequence agrees with protein and cDNA data for PF4, while PF4alt is encoded in a polymorphic 3 or 5 kb EcoRI fragment. Compared with PF4, this gene has 14% DNA and 38% amino acid divergence in the signal peptide region, and 2.6% DNA and 4.3% amino acid divergence in the coding region of the mature protein. PF4alt contains three amino acid substitutions (P58----L, K66----E, and L67----H) near the C-terminus, in a region known to be critical for PF4 function. Primer extension studies show the 5'-untranslated region of PF4 is 73 bp long. A TATA box is present 30 bp 5' to the transcription start site. A 90 bp stretch of pyrimidines (including 53 consecutive thymidine residues) begins at -227 bp and is analogous to a similar region of 30 residues 5' to the rodent PF4 gene. This pyrimidine-rich region is absent from the PF4alt gene; however, DNA homology exists between the two human genes in the 5'- and 3'-flanking regions and extends for over 3.6 kb. Alternating purine/pyrimidine tracts occur both 5' and 3' to PF4 and PF4alt but do not define the endpoints of the gene duplication, which extend beyond these sequences at least at the 5' end. Northern blot analysis using gene-specific oligonucleotides and platelet RNA showed an 800 or 900 nucleotide (n) message for PF4 and PF4alt, respectively. Northern blot and primer extension studies show that steady-state platelet PF4 mRNA levels are approximately one magnitude greater than PF4alt mRNA levels. Thus, these studies demonstrate that PF4alt mRNA is expressed in platelets. Whether PF4alt protein is expressed remains to be determined, and the nature of its biologic function needs to be studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
FETAL NEURAL TRANSPLANTATION: PLACING THE ETHICAL DEBATE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIETY'S USE OF HUMAN MATERIAL (1991)

In this paper I wish to place the debate about the use of fetal tissue, as in fetal neural transplantation, within the context of society's use of, and dependence upon, human material for many teaching, research, and therapeutic purposes. I shall argue that such an emphasis is required if we are to be consistent in our approach to the ethical dimensions of the fetal neural transplantation debate. What will emerge is the ambivalence of society's ethical attitudes and also the diversity of perspectives in most debates involving the use of human material.
Characteristics and functional aspects of nonlymphoid cells in rat germinal centers, recognized by two monoclonal antibodies ED5 and ED6 (1986)

Abstract In this study two newly developed monoclonal antibodies, ED5 and ED6, are described, which specifically recognize nonlymphoid cells in B cell follicles of spleen and lymph nodes. Enzyme and immunocytochemical techniques demonstrated that ED5 and ED6 stain two different types of reticulum cells. The staining patterns were compared with those of the monoclonal antibody Ox2. ED5 + cells are able to retain immune complexes and are considered to be the follicular dendritic cell; in contrast ED6 + lack this capacity. Peyer's patches contain many ED6 + and Ox2 + cells but are completely devoid of ED5 + cells. After the application of immunomodulatory agents, like X‐irradiation, cyclophosphamide and lipopolysaccharide, ED5 + and ED6 + cells remain detectable. The nature of the new type of dendritic reticulum cell in lymphoid follicles, recognized by ED6, is discussed.
Molecular engineering towards safer lithium-ion batteries: a highly stable and compatible redox shuttle for overcharge protection (2012)

Overcharge abuse is one of the most common and dangerous safety issues with state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. Thus, incorporation of overcharge prevention into the lithium-ion battery pack is key to its practical application. Redox shuttle molecules that can be reversibly oxidized and reduced at specific potentials (redox potential) provide an effective and economic method to prevent overcharge abuse for lithium-ion batteries. We have developed a novel oligo(ethylene glycol)-functionalized redox shuttle, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)benzene (DBBB), that is not only capable of providing efficient and long-lasting overcharge protection to lithium-ion batteries (capable of withstanding over 180 cycles of 100% overcharge at the C/2 rate), but is also compatible with the state-of-the-art lithium-ion cell system. Density functional theory calculations provided an understanding of the stability properties of this new redox shuttle.
Rhesus Monkey Airway Responses to Substance P (1990)

The tachykinin, substance P (SP), was used as a model to study airway and cutaneous responses in a group of normal rhesus monkeys or animals with IgE-mediated cutaneous reactions to Ascaris antigen (AA) alone or animals with both IgE-mediated cutaneous and airway responses to AA. Aerosolized SP (10 mg/ml) resulted in airway responses qualitatively similar in duration and pulmonary function abnormalities to AA. These SP airway responses were most closely associated with the presence of IgE antibody to AA and were not increased in animals with airway reactivity to AA. A dose response to aerosolized SP can be established. An enkephalinase inhibitor, thiorphan, did not potentiate SP airway responses but appeared to potentiate SP cutaneous responses in some animals. SP cutaneous reactions could be demonstrated and did not correlate with the IgE-mediated cutaneous dilution titers to AA.
A small C-terminal region of the Escherichia coli MalT protein contains the DNA-binding domain. (1993)

MalT, the transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli maltose regulon, is a 901-amino acid-long protein that specifically binds to short, asymmetric nucleotide sequences present in several copies in the promoters of the regulon. We report that the protein structure involved in this specific binding is carried by a small C-terminal part of MalT encompassing the last 95 amino acid residues. This was demonstrated by fusing the last 95 codons of malT to the gene that encodes glutathione S-transferase, purifying the hybrid protein by affinity chromatography, and comparing the DNase I and dimethyl sulfate footprints of the hybrid and of wild-type MalT on different MalT-binding sites. MalT belongs to a large family of prokaryotic transcriptional activators, which share significant homology in their approximately 60-amino acid C-terminal regions. Our result strongly supports the suggestion that the region of homology corresponds to the DNA-binding domain of the proteins in this family.
FaRM: fast remote memory (2014)

We describe the design and implementation of FaRM, a new main memory distributed computing platform that exploits RDMA to improve both latency and throughput by an order of magnitude relative to state of the art main memory systems that use TCP/IP. FaRM exposes the memory of machines in the cluster as a shared address space. Applications can use transactions to allocate, read, write, and free objects in the address space with location transparency. We expect this simple programming model to be sufficient for most application code. FaRM provides two mechanisms to improve performance where required: lock-free reads over RDMA, and support for collocating objects and function shipping to enable the use of efficient single machine transactions. FaRM uses RDMA both to directly access data in the shared address space and for fast messaging and is carefully tuned for the best RDMA performance. We used FaRM to build a key-value store and a graph store similar to Facebook's. They both perform well, for example, a 20-machine cluster can perform 167 million key-value lookups per second with a latency of 31µs.