gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antenna-coupled infrared detectors (1977)

A theoretical study has been made of the use of antennas to couple radiation to infrared detectors. It is shown in general that for any detector characterized by a specific detectivity D, noise-equivalent power (NEP) can be reduced until the background blackbody fluctuation limit is reached. The reduction in NEP is expected to be on the order of b/λ, where b2 is the area of the detector. In the case of far-infrared bolometers away from the blackbody limit, significant reductions of NEP appear to be possible. Alternatively the antenna may be used to increase the temperature at which the bolometer can be operated or to reduce its response time. The possible use of antennas with various other infrared detectors is also considered, and some criteria for suitability are described.
Structure−Property Relations in Cholesteric Networks from Chiral Polyisocyanates (1999)

In this work we prepared lyotropic cholesteric phases from new polyisocyanate terpolymers in styrene and were able to “freeze” this supramolecular structureand thereby the associated optical propertiesin a cross-linked polymer blend by photopolymerization. We synthesized the new chiral polyisocyanates (nylon 1) by living polymerization techniques, using a new titanium catalyst of Bruce Novak. In this way it is possible to incorporate methacrylate groups, which are necessary to prevent a demixing during the photo-cross-linking process, and to control the molecular weight, which is necessary to obtain lyotropic phases of low viscosity. Terpolymers with more than 8 mol % of chiral side groups give rise to lyotropic phases with selective reflection in the visible range. Unexpectedly, we observed a minimum in the plot of wavelength of reflection versus polymer concentration. The selective reflection shifts to larger wavelengths (red shift) with increasing temperature. Photo-cross-linking at different temperatures allows a permanent “freezing” of different colors without loss of the optical quality. In this way flexible polymer films with opalescent colors and an angular dependent color are accessible.
Immunoglobulin Subclasses in Patients with Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies Against IFN-β1b (2001)

Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) with interferon-beta1b (IFN-beta1b) induces the production of antibodies in some patients. A proportion of these antibodies can reduce the biologic activity of IFN-beta, and they are, therefore, referred to as neutralizing antibodies (NAB). The remaining antibodies do not interfere with the biologic activity of IFN-beta and are referred to as nonneutralizing antibodies (NNAB) in this paper. Immunoglobulin (Ig) subtyping of these antibodies was carried out, and Ig subclass patterns in 20 patients with NAB were compared with those of NNAB in 39 patients. In patients with NAB, IgG2 and IgG4 were found to occur more frequently than in patients with NNAB (30% vs. 3%, p = 0.05, and 55% vs. 18%, p = 0.003, respectively) The NAB titer correlated strongly with the IgG4 titer (r = 0.53, p = 0.02). Median total IgG, IgG1, and IgG4 titers were significantly higher in NAB than in NNAB patients (respectively, 8000 vs. 3200, p = 0.01; 1600 vs. 400, p = 0.0004; 200 vs. 0, p = 0.004). It is concluded that the development of NAB is related to both the quantity and the quality of the antibodies against IFN-beta1b.
Mesh Nebulizers have Become the First Choice for New Nebulized Pharmaceutical Drug Developments (2018)

In the 24 years since first being marketed, the mesh nebulizer has been developed by five main manufacturers into a viable solution for the delivery of high-value nebulized drugs. Mesh nebulizers provide increased portability, convenience and energy efficiency along with similar lung deposition and increased ease of use compared with jet nebulizers. An analysis of EU and US clinical trial databases has shown that mesh nebulizers are now preferred over jet nebulizers for clinical trials sponsored by pharmaceutical companies. The results show a strong preference for the use of mesh nebulizers in trials involving high cost and niche therapy areas. Built-in capability to optimize the way patients use their mesh nebulizer and manage their disease will further increase uptake. [Formula: see text].
Potassium-induced spontaneous electrographic seizures in the rat hippocampal slice (1988)

1. The CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices bathed in 8.5 mM interstitial K+ ([K+]o) exhibited spontaneous 20- to 90-s electrographic seizures at regular intervals of 1-8 min. In these same slices CA3 neurons generated spontaneous interictal bursts that propagated throughout the pyramidal cell subfields. CA1 electrographic seizures contained components reminiscent of discharges recorded in vivo during tonic-clonic motor seizures. The tonic phase lasted 1-10 s, consisted of a sustained depolarization and firing of CA1 pyramidal cells, and was associated with a negative extracellular potential in the cell layer. The clonic phase lasted tens of seconds and was composed of paroxysmal bursts with afterdischarges in pyramidal cells. 2. Electrographic seizures in CA1 were focal in nature in that they did not invade the CA3 region. Moreover, in approximately 85% of all slices the frequency and amplitude of interictal bursts in CA3 did not change during a CA1 seizure. 3. Both the tonic phase and each clonic discharge of an electrographic seizure were triggered synaptically by a CA3 interictal burst. Microlesions of the Schaffer collateral input abolished CA1 seizures in high [K+]o, and electrical stimulation of these afferents, in a pattern designed to mimic interictal input, restored seizures. Likewise, similarly patterned electrical stimulation of these fibers in slices bathed in high [K+]o with the CA3 region removed reliably evoked electrographic seizures with period and duration similar to spontaneous seizures in whole slices. 4. Electrographic seizures but not CA3 interictal bursts could be reversibly abolished by lowering the temperature from 35-37 to 28-30 degrees C or by the competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (5-10 microM). The inactive isomer, L-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (25 microM) did not eliminate seizures. 5. Neither the frequency nor intensity of interictal bursts recorded in the CA3 region changed in the minute preceding seizure initiation. Thus, although the presence of interictal input from the CA3 region is required for CA1 seizure generation, it appears that electrographic seizures do not result from a change in the quality or quantity of interictal input to the CA1 region. 6. During the 30- to 60-s period leading to a seizure the excitability of CA1 pyramidal cells appeared to increase gradually. Over the interseizure interval both CA1 pyramidal cells and glia gradually depolarized, the intensity of interictal bursts recorded in the CA1 region increased, and the extracellular DC potential recorded in the CA1 cell layer drifted negative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Sensory processing in a thermal afferent pathway (1985)

Extracellular recordings were made from cold-receptive afferent fibers in the trigeminal ganglion of rats anesthetized with halothane. By applying a standardized series of steady or changing temperatures to the receptive fields, we recorded the static and dynamic responses of the afferents. Comparable recordings were made from neurons in the marginal layer of the caudal trigeminal nucleus onto which the cold fibers synapse. The static and dynamic responses of the afferent fibers were reproduced faithfully by the second-order neurons, but at a much higher level of activity. Ganglionectomy silenced the second-order cells. Their continuous high level of activity appears to depend on the tonic input from the afferent fibers and not on any intrinsic circuits in the medulla.
El proceso de alfabetización académica en postgrado. de la función epistémica a la difusión del conocimiento (2018)

Se aborda una sistematización de la experiencia docente vivida con quince Maestrantes en Enseñanza de la Lectura y La Escritura de la UNEFM con el propósito de conocer su nivel de alfabetización académica y el impacto de este en la difusión del conocimiento. Se implementaron entrevistas a profundidad complementadas con la observación participante para la recolección de datos, las cuales arrojaron que a menor grado de alfabetización académica menor grado de difusión del conocimiento.
Expression and Presence of OPG and RANKL mRNA and Protein in Human Periodontal Ligament with Orthodontic Force (2016)

RANKL protein levels are elevated in hPDL loaded with orthodontic forces, suggesting that RANKL protein contributes to bone modeling in response to the initial placement of orthodontic force.
Dispersal and Phylogenetic Diversity of Nonmarine Picocyanobacteria, Inferred from 16S rRNA Gene and cpcBA -Intergenic Spacer Sequence Analyses (2003)

More than 20 Synechococcus and Cyanobium isolates were obtained from central European subalpine lakes and sequenced for their 16S rRNA gene and part of the phycocyanin operon (cpc), specifically the intergenic spacer (IGS) between cpcB and cpcA, and corresponding flanking regions (cpcBA-IGS). Maximum-likelihood analyses revealed the existence of at least six to seven clusters of nonmarine picocyanobacteria within the picophytoplankton clade and support the conjecture of global dispersal for some closely related picocyanobacterial genotypes.
YC-1: A Potential Anticancer Drug Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (2003)

The inhibition of HIF-1 alpha activity in tumors from YC-1-treated mice is associated with blocked angiogenesis and an inhibition of tumor growth. YC-1 has the potential to become the first antiangiogenic anticancer agent to target HIF-1 alpha.
Inotropic responses to isoproterenol and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in intact guinea pig hearts: comparison of cyclic AMP levels and phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrillar proteins. (1989)

The influence of selective (milrinone: 10, 50, 100 microM) and nonselective phosphodiesterase (isobutylmethylxanthine: 0.1, 10, 100 microM) inhibitors and beta-adrenergic stimulation (isoproterenol: 0.01, 0.1 microM) on phospholamban and myofibrillar protein phosphorylation was studied in guinea pig hearts perfused with [32P]orthophosphate. Changes in protein phosphorylation were compared to alterations in tissue cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and positive inotropic effects induced by these agents. Isoproterenol (0.01 microM), milrinone (50 microM), and isobutylmethylxanthine (100 microM) all produced similar, twofold increases in dP/dt and -dP/dt but only stimulation with isobutylmethylxanthine and isoproterenol was associated with significant increases in phospholamban phosphorylation. At these equipotent doses, the effects of isobutylmethylxanthine were associated with higher increases (3.1-fold) in cAMP than those observed with isoproterenol (twofold). Milrinone (50 microM) produced a 2.5-fold increase in cAMP levels but failed to change phospholamban phosphorylation. Higher doses of milrinone (100 microM) resulted in relatively high (4.1-fold) cAMP levels, and this was associated with increased (1.5-fold) phosphorylation of phospholamban. Phosphorylation of troponin I was significantly increased at 0.01 microM and 0.1 microM isoproterenol, while phosphorylation of C protein was observed only at 0.1 microM isoproterenol. Isobutylmethylxanthine and milrinone did not significantly increase phosphorylation of either troponin I or C protein at any of the doses studied. These findings indicate that cardiotonic agents acting via the cAMP pathway may produce similar inotropic responses at different levels of cAMP and phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrillar proteins.
Anthrax Toxins Induce Shock in Rats by Depressed Cardiac Ventricular Function (2007)

Anthrax infections are frequently associated with severe and often irreversible hypotensive shock. The isolated toxic proteins of Bacillus anthracis produce a non-cytokine-mediated hypotension in rats by unknown mechanisms. These observations suggest the anthrax toxins have direct cardiovascular effects. Here, we characterize these effects. As a first step, we administered systemically anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) and edema toxin (EdTx) to cohorts of three to twelve rats at different doses and determined the time of onset, degree of hypotension and mortality. We measured serum concentrations of the protective antigen (PA) toxin component at various time points after infusion. Peak serum levels of PA were in the microg/mL range with half-lives of 10-20 minutes. With doses that produced hypotension with delayed lethality, we then gave bolus intravenous infusions of toxins to groups of four to six instrumented rats and continuously monitored blood pressure by telemetry. Finally, the same doses used in the telemetry experiments were given to additional groups of four rats, and echocardiography was performed pretreatment and one, two, three and twenty-four hours post-treatment. LeTx and EdTx each produced hypotension. We observed a doubling of the velocity of propagation and 20% increases in left ventricular diastolic and systolic areas in LeTx-treated rats, but not in EdTx-treated rats. EdTx-but not LeTx-treated rats showed a significant increase in heart rate. These results indicate that LeTx reduced left ventricular systolic function and EdTx reduced preload. Uptake of toxins occurs readily into tissues with biological effects occurring within minutes to hours of serum toxin concentrations in the microg/mL range. LeTx and EdTx yield an irreversible shock with subsequent death. These findings should provide a basis for the rational design of drug interventions to reduce the dismal prognosis of systemic anthrax infections.
Immediate-Early Genes and Synaptic Function (1998)

Classical studies have demonstrated a role for protein synthesis in long-term memory. The focus of our research is to identify the proteins that are essential for memory and to discover how they contribute to activity-dependent neuronal plasticity. We have developed whole-animal models that maximize the induction of activity-dependent genes and have used differential cloning techniques to identify a set of novel, neuronal immediate-early genes (IEGs). Neuronal IEGs encode transcription factors, cytoskeletal proteins, growth factors, metabolic enzymes, and proteins involved in signal transduction. The biochemical and cell biological properties of these molecules provide important insights into mechanisms that contribute to neuronal plasticity. Recently, we identified a subset of IEGs that appear to function at the synapse. These molecules extend the functional repertoire of IEGs and may provide insight into how IEGs can contribute to synapse-specific plasticity.
Similarity and difference in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in original tumor tissues and those of in vitro expanded populations in head and neck cancer (2017)

Though adoptive tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has been explored in clinical trials for many years, there is little information for the clonotype composition between TILs in original tumor tissues and TILs that were <i>in vitro</i> expanded and infused to cancer patients. To investigate the similarity/difference in TILs in original tumor tissues and those of <i>in vitro</i> expanded populations in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) as well as their correlation with somatic mutations in cancer cells, we performed whole exome analysis, expression profile analysis of immune-related genes, and T cell receptor (TCR) analysis of original TILs and <i>in vitro</i> expanded TILs in 8 surgically-resected HPV-negative fresh tumors with SCCHN. We found an unusually high number of non-synonymous somatic mutations (4290, 1779 and 901 mutations) in three SCCHN tumors, in which we identified mutations in mismatch repair genes, <i>MSH2</i> or <i>MSH4</i>, or a DNA polymerase gene, <i>POLE</i>. Interestingly, dominant TCR clonotypes of expanded CD8<sup>+</sup> TILs derived from these three tumors revealed high similarity to those in original tumors while for remaining tumors with the lower mutational load, we found that T cell clonotypes between TILs in original tumor tissues and those expanded <i>in vitro</i> were almost entirely different. Our findings might provide clinically useful information for identification of tumor-antigen-specific T cell clones that may lead to further improvement of adoptive TIL therapy for SCCHN patients.
OpenDoc---building online help for a component-oriented architecture (1996)

Article OpenDoc—building online help for a component-oriented architecture Share on Author: Melissa E. Sleeter Human Interface Design Center, Apple Computer Inc., 10500 N. DeAnza Boulevard. MS: 302-1H1, Cupertino, CA Human Interface Design Center, Apple Computer Inc., 10500 N. DeAnza Boulevard. MS: 302-1H1, Cupertino, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGDOC '96: Proceedings of the 14th annual international conference on Systems documentation: Marshaling new technological forces: building a corporate, academic, and user-oriented triangleOctober 1996 Pages 87–94https://doi.org/10.1145/238215.238259Published:20 October 1996 3citation272DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads272Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Chondrocyte‐fibrin matrix transplants for resurfacing extensive articular cartilage defects (1994)

Cartilage resurfacing by chondrocyte implantation, with fibrin used as a vehicle, was examined in large (12 mm) full-thickness articular cartilage defects in horses. Articular chondrocytes, isolated from a 9-day-old foal, were mixed with fibrinogen and injected with thrombin, in a 1:1 mixture, into 12 mm circular defects on the lateral trochlea of the distal femur of eight normal horses. The contralateral femoropatellar (knee) joint served as a control in which the defect was left empty. Synovial fluid from the femoropatellar joints was sampled on days 0, 4, 7, 30, 120, and 240 postoperatively. Groups of four horses were killed at 4 or 8 months postoperatively, and the repair tissue was evaluated by gross and histologic examination with use of hematoxylin and eosin and safranin O staining and by autoradiography. Biochemical analyses included quantitation of proteoglycan, total collagen, and type-II collagen in the repair tissue. Grossly, grafted defects had improved filling of the cartilage lesions; histologically, these areas consisted of differentiated chondrocytes in the deep and middle zones. The cellular arrangement in these zones resembled that of hyaline cartilage. The control defects contained poorly attached fibrous tissue throughout. Grafted tissue at 8 months had increased proteoglycan synthesis evident by both safranin O staining and autoradiography. Glycosaminoglycan quantitation by dye-binding assay confirmed a significantly elevated glycosaminoglycan content in grafted defects (58.8 micrograms/mg of dry weight) compared with control defects (27.4 micrograms/mg; p < 0.05). Similarly, the levels of chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate was significantly elevated in the grafted defects, and this was the predominant glycosaminoglycan epitope present. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in type-II collagen in the grafted tissue at 8 months (61.2% grafted; 25.1% control). This resurfacing attempt with use of allograft chondrocytes, secured in large full-thickness articular defects with polymerized fibrin, resulted in an improved cartilage surface in comparison with the control defects, a significantly greater aggrecan level, and a significantly higher proportion of type-II collagen.
Reduction of IgG in nonhuman primates by a peptide antagonist of the neonatal Fc receptor FcRn (2008)

The neonatal Fc receptor FcRn provides IgG molecules with their characteristically long half-lives in vivo by protecting them from intracellular catabolism and then returning them to the extracellular space. Other investigators have demonstrated that mice lacking FcRn are protected from induction of various autoimmune diseases, presumably because of the accelerated catabolism of pathogenic IgGs in the animals. Therefore, targeting FcRn with a specific inhibitor may represent a unique approach for the treatment of autoimmune disease or other diseases where the reduction of pathogenic IgG will have a therapeutic benefit. Using phage display peptide libraries, we screened for ligands that bound to human FcRn (hFcRn) and discovered a consensus peptide sequence that binds to hFcRn and inhibits the binding of human IgG (hIgG) in vitro. Chemical optimization of the phage-identified sequences yielded the 26-amino acid peptide dimer SYN1436, which is capable of potent in vitro inhibition of the hIgG-hFcRn interaction. Administration of SYN1436 to mice transgenic for hFcRn induced an increase in the rate of catabolism of hIgG in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of cynomolgus monkeys with SYN1436 led to a reduction of IgG by up to 80% without reducing serum albumin levels that also binds to FcRn. SYN1436 and related peptides thus represent a previously uncharacterized family of potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of humorally mediated autoimmune and other diseases.
Efficient and facile delivery of gold nanoparticles in vivo using dissolvable microneedles for contrast-enhanced optical coherence tomography (2010)

Obtaining sufficient contrast is an indispensable requirement for detecting early stage cancer using optical coherence tomography (OCT), an emerging diagnostic tool that detects abnormal lesions with micrometer resolutions in real time. PEGylated gold nanoparticles (Au NPs; 87 nm in diameter) were formulated in aqueous dissolvable microneedles (dMNs; 200 μm height) for efficient, precisely controlled, and convenient delivery of Au NPs into hamster oral tissue in vivo. The Au NPs were then further briefly dissipated by ultrasound (US). The results showed 33% and 20% increase in average optical scattering intensity (contrast level) in dysplastic and normal tissues, respectively, and pinpointed pathological structures of early stage oral cancer were also identified by the highly convenient and efficient administration of Au NPs in a novel delivery platform.
Molecular characterization of mammalian cylicin, a basic protein of the sperm head cytoskeleton (1993)

The cytoskeletal calyx structure surrounding part of the nucleus of the mammalian sperm head contains two major kinds of basic proteins, i.e., the approximately 60-kD calicin and a group of very basic (IEP > pH 10) polypeptides ranging in size from approximately 58 to approximately 100 kD ("multiple band proteins," MBPs). We have produced MBP-specific mAbs and have isolated a bovine and a human cDNA clone encoding one of these proteins, termed "cylicin" (from the Greek word c eta kv lambda l zeta for cup or beaker). Bovine cylicin I of a calculated molecular weight of 74,788 contains a high proportion (29%) of positively charged amino acids, resulting in an IEP of 10.55, numerous KKD tripeptides, and is characterized by an organization of the central part of the molecule in nine repeating units of maximally 41 amino acids each of which according to prediction analysis should tend to form an alpha helix. The identity of the polypeptide has been proven by direct amino acid sequencing of > 14 different fragments and by experiments using antibodies raised against a partial cDNA-derived protein segment produced in E. coli. By Northern blot analysis we have identified the 2.4-kb cylicin I mRNA only in testis. The unusual cytoskeletal protein cylicin is compared with other proteins and its possible architectural role during spermiogenesis is discussed.