gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Personalized Content Retrieval in Context Using Ontological Knowledge (2007)

Personalized content retrieval aims at improving the retrieval process by taking into account the particular interests of individual users. However, not all user preferences are relevant in all situations. It is well known that human preferences are complex, multiple, heterogeneous, changing, even contradictory, and should be understood in context with the user goals and tasks at hand. In this paper, we propose a method to build a dynamic representation of the semantic context of ongoing retrieval tasks, which is used to activate different subsets of user interests at runtime, in a way that out-of-context preferences are discarded. Our approach is based on an ontology-driven representation of the domain of discourse, providing enriched descriptions of the semantics involved in retrieval actions and preferences, and enabling the definition of effective means to relate preferences and context
The degradative pathway of the s-triazine melamine. The steps to ring cleavage (1982)

1. The degradative pathway of melamine (1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine) was examined in Pseudomonas sp. strain A. 2. The bacterium grew with melamine, ammeline, ammelide, cyanuric acid or NH+4 as sole source of nitrogen, and each substrate was entirely metabolized. Utilization of ammeline, ammelide, cyanuric acid or NH+4 was concomitant with growth. But with melamine as substrate, a transient intermediate was detected, which was identified as ammeline by three methods. 3. Enzymes from strain A were separated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and four activities were examined. 4. Melamine was converted stoichiometrically into equimolar amounts of ammeline and NH+4. 5. Ammeline was converted stoichiometrically into equimolar amounts of ammelide and NH+4; ammelide was identified by four methods. 6. Ammelide was converted stoichiometrically into equimolar amounts of cyanuric acid and NH+4; cyanuric acid was identified by four methods. 7. Cyanuric acid was converted by an enzyme preparation into an unidentified product with negligible release of NH+4. 8. The specific activities of the degradative enzymes (greater than or equal to 0.3 mkat/kg of protein) were high enough to explain the growth rate of the organism. 9. The bacterium converted 0.4 mM-melamine anaerobically into 2.3 mM-NH+4. 10. Two other pseudomonads and two strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were also examined, with similar results. 11. The degradative pathway of melamine appears to be hydrolytic, and proceeds by three successive deaminations to cyanuric acid, which is further metabolized.
Application of the T-matrix method to determine the structure of spheroidal cell nuclei with angle-resolved light scattering (2008)

We demonstrate an inverse light-scattering analysis procedure based on using the T-matrix method as a light-scattering model. We measure light scattered by in vitro cell monolayers using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry (a/LCI) and compare the data to predictions of the T-matrix theory. The comparison yields measurements of the equal volume diameter and aspect ratio of the spheroid cell nuclei with accuracy comparable to quantitative image analysis of fixed and stained samples. These improvements represent a significant upgrade for the a/LCI technique, expanding both the range of tissue in which it is applicable and potentially increasing its value as a diagnostic tool.
Mouse-Human Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody to Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA): In Vitro and In Vivo Activities (1990)

Mouse-human chimeric antibody specific for human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was produced by recombinant DNA techniques. The genes of the mouse variable regions of heavy and light chains were cloned from the mouse hybridoma, 2.7.1G.10., which secreted anti human CEA antibody (IgG1, kappa), and were joined with human gamma 1 and kappa constant genes. The affinity of the resultant chimeric antibody to its relevant antigen was the same as that of the parental mouse monoclonal antibody when analysed by Scatchard plot analysis. The chimeric antibody showed a potent antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells against CEA-positive human adenocarcinoma cells. In vivo imaging analysis revealed that the present chimeric antibody was specifically localized on the tumor site. These results indicate that our mouse-human chimeric antibody is a promising reagent for the diagnosis and therapy of CEA-positive human cancers.
On the use of bandpass liftering in speech recognition (1987)

In a template-based speech recognition system, distortion measures that compute the distance or dissimilarity between two spectral representations have a strong influence on the performance of the recognizer. Accordingly, extensive comparative studies have been conducted to determine good distortion measures for improved recognition accuracy. Previous studies have shown that the log likelihood ratio measure, the likelihood ratio measure, and the truncated cepstral measures all gave good recognition performance (comparable accuracy) for isolated word recognition tasks. In this paper we extend the interpretation of distortion measures, based upon the observation that measurements of speech spectral envelopes (as normally obtained from standard analysis procedures such as LPC or filter banks) are prone to statistical variations due to window position fluctuations, excitation interference, measurement noise, etc., and may not accurately characterize the true speech spectrum because of analysis model constraints. We have found that these undesirable spectral measurement variations can be partially controlled (i.e., reduced in the level of variation) by appropriate signal processing techniques. In particular, we have found that a bandpass "liftering" process reduces the variability of the statistical components of LPC-based spectral measurements and hence it is desirable to use such a liftering process in a speech recognizer. We have applied this liftering process to several speech recognition tasks: in particular, single frame vowel recognition and isolated word recognition. Using the liftering process, we have been able to achieve an average digit error rate of 1 percent in a speaker-independent isolated digit test. This error rate is about one-half that obtained without the liftering process.
Superconducting transition and vortex pinning in Nb films patterned with nanoscale hole arrays (2002)

Nb films containing extended arrays of holes with 45-nm diameter and 100-nm spacing have been fabricated using anodized aluminum oxide as substrate. Pronounced matching effects in the magnetization and Little-Parks oscillations of the superconducting critical temperature have been observed in fields up to 9 kOe. Flux pinning in the patterned samples is significantly enhanced as compared to unpatterned reference samples in applied fields exceeding 5 kOe. Matching effects are a dominant contribution to vortex pinning at temperatures as low as 4.2 K due to the extremely small spacing of the holes.
Ethyl Acetate Extract of Bacillus pumilus SH122 Induces Resistance Against Phytophthora Blight in Pepper Plant (1999)

In order to obtain bacterial metabolites inducing disease resistance in pepper plant, two hundred bacterial isolates were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tobacco, cucumber, and pepper plant. Ethyl acetate extract of each bacterial culture was used to screening for induction of resistance against phytophthora blight of pepper plant. Application of ethyl acetate extract of an isolate SH122 culture to pepper plant conferred resistance against phytophthora blight consistently and significantly. According to cellular fatty acid analysis and other characteristics, the SH122 culture were significantly lower than those on control plants treated with ethyl acetate extract of nutrient broth. The B. pumilus SH122 itself of ethyl acetate extract of its culture did not show antifungal activity against phytophthora blight in pepper plants.
Serum total bile acid level as a sensitive indicator of hepatic histological improvement in chronic hepatitis C patients responding to interferon treatment (2000)

A decrease in serum TBA level reflected histological improvement in the liver more precisely than did changes in the other liver function test values following IFN therapy.
Evaluation of Continuous Flow Nanosphere Formation by Controlled Microfluidic Transport (2008)

Improved size monodispersity of populations of polymer nanospheres is of enormous interest in the fields of nanotechnology and nanomedicine. As such, the knowledge of exact experimental conditions for precise production of nanospheres is needed for nonaqueous systems. This work presents the use of controlled microfluidic transport methods to study the experimental parameters for fabricating nanoparticles utilizing phase inversion. We report two microfluidic methods for forming polymer nanospheres in small batches to determine the formation conditions. These conditions were then implemented to perform higher throughput formation of polymer nanospheres of the desired size. The controlled microfluidic environment in the laminar flow regime produces improved size monodispersity, decreased average diameter, and affords a greater degree of control over the nanosphere size distribution without adding surfactants or additional solvents. Experiments show a nonlinear trend toward decreasing size with decreasing polymer concentration and a linear trend toward decreasing size with increasing flow rate indicating time-course-dependent nucleation and growth mechanism of formation for the resultant nanosphere population within the range of conditions tested.
Ocular effects of selective alpha-adrenergic agents: a new drug paradox? (1983)

Alpha-adrenergic drugs can alter pupil size as well as intraocular pressure (IOP) when administered topically to the eye. Recent experiments using the more selective alpha-adrenergic agents suggest that these responses may be mediated by at least three subtypes of alpha-adrenergic receptors. These studies have also given rise to an apparent paradox because both agonists and antagonists cause a lowering in IOP.
Error back propagation for sequence training of Context-Dependent Deep NetworkS for conversational speech transcription (2013)

We investigate back-propagation based sequence training of Context-Dependent Deep-Neural-Network HMMs, or CD-DNN-HMMs, for conversational speech transcription. Theoretically, sequence training integrates with backpropagation in a straight-forward manner. However, we find that to get reasonable results, heuristics are needed that point to a problem with lattice sparseness: The model must be adjusted to the updated numerator lattices by additional iterations of frame-based cross-entropy (CE) training; and to avoid distortions from “runaway” models, we can either add artificial silence arcs to the denominator lattices, or smooth the sequence objective with the frame-based one (F-smoothing). With the 309h Switchboard training set, the MMI objective achieves a relative word-error rate reduction of 11-15% over CE for matched test sets, and 10-17% for mismatched ones. This includes gains of 4-7% from realigned CE iterations. The BMMI and sMBR objectives gain less. With 2000h of data, gains are 2-9% after realigned CE iterations. Using GPGPUs, MMI is about 70% slower than CE training.
A Hyperfusogenic F Protein Enhances the Oncolytic Potency of a Paramyxovirus Simian Virus 5 P/V Mutant without Compromising Sensitivity to Type I Interferon (2008)

Viral fusogenic membrane proteins have been proposed as tools to increase the potency of oncolytic viruses, but there is a need for mechanisms to control the spread of fusogenic viruses in normal versus tumor cells. We have previously shown that a mutant of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5) that harbors mutations in the P/V gene from the canine parainfluenza virus (P/V-CPI(-)) is a potent inducer of type I interferon (IFN) and apoptosis and is restricted for spread through normal but not tumor cells in vitro. Here, we have used the cytopathic P/V-CPI(-) as a backbone vector to test the hypothesis that a virus expressing a hyperfusogenic glycoprotein will be a more effective oncolytic vector but will retain sensitivity to IFN. A P/V mutant virus expressing an F protein with a glycine-to-alanine substitution in the fusion peptide (P/V-CPI(-)-G3A) was more fusogenic than the parental P/V-CPI(-) mutant. In two model prostate tumor cell lines which are defective in IFN production (LNCaP and DU145), the hyperfusogenic P/V-CPI(-)-G3A mutant had normal growth properties at low multiplicities of infection and was more effective than the parental P/V-CPI(-) mutant at cell killing in vitro. However, in PC3 cells which produce and respond to IFN, the hyperfusogenic P/V-CPI(-)-G3A mutant was attenuated for growth and spread. Killing of PC3 cells was equivalent between the parental P/V-CPI(-) mutant and the hyperfusogenic P/V-CPI(-)-G3A mutant. In a nude mouse model using LNCaP cells, the hyperfusogenic P/V-CPI(-)-G3A mutant was more effective than P/V-CPI(-) at reducing tumor burden. In the case of DU145 tumors, the two vectors based on P/V-CPI(-) were equally effective at limiting tumor growth. Together, our results provide proof of principle that a cytopathic SV5 P/V mutant can serve as an oncolytic virus and that the oncolytic effectiveness of P/V mutants can be enhanced by a fusogenic membrane protein without compromising sensitivity to IFN. The potential advantages of SV5-based oncolytic vectors are discussed.
Comparative Nutritive Value of Glacier and High Amylose Glacier Barleys2 (1978)

Five pairs of High Amylose Glacier and Glacier barleys were compared chemically and with weanling rats in growth and nitrogen balance trials. High Amylose Glacier contained more (P<.01) amylose and less (P<.01) amylopectin than Glacier. Osborne fractionation of the protein from the two cultivars revealed major protein differences resulting in different amino acid compositions. High Amylose Glacier contained more (P<.05) of the salt soluble proteins, more (P<.01) lysine and produced superior (P<.01) growth and protein efficiency ratios in weanling rats. The biological value (BV) of High Amylose Glacier was greater (P<.01) than that of Glacier although true protein digestibility (TPD) was highest (P<.01) in the latter barley. The reversal in values obtained in BV and TPD for these cultivars may be explained by their respective differences in protein composition.
Semblanza de J. M. Cruxent (2010)

Resumen Semblanza sobre la vida de Jose Maria Cruxent con motivo de conferirsele la distincion de Investigador Emerito del Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas. Abstract Biographical sketch of the life of Jose Maria Cruxent to mark the distinction be conferred Emeritus Researcher of the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research. Palabras clave: Cruxent | Venezuela
Cycling efficiency is related to the percentage of Type I muscle fibers (1992)

We determined that the variability in the oxygen cost and thus the caloric expenditure of cycling at a given work rate (i.e., cycling economy) observed among highly endurance-trained cyclists (N = 19; mean +/- SE; VO2max, 4.9 +/- 0.1 l.min-1; body weight, 71 +/- 1 kg) is related to differences in their % Type I muscle fibers. The percentage of Type I and II muscle fibers was determined from biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle that were histochemically stained for ATPase activity. When cycling a Monark ergometer at 80 RPM at work rates eliciting 52 +/- 1, 61 +/- 1, and 71 +/- 1% VO2max, efficiency was determined from the caloric expenditure responses (VO2 and RER using open circuit spirometry) to steady-state exercise. Gross efficiency (GE) was calculated as the ratio of work accomplished.min-1 to caloric expenditure.min-1, whereas delta efficiency (DE) was calculated as the slope of this relationship between approximately 50 and 70% VO2max. The % Type I fibers ranged from 32 to 76%, and DE when cycling ranged from 18.3 to 25.6% in these subjects. The % Type I fibers was positively correlated with both DE (r = 0.85; P less than 0.001; N = 19) and GE (r = 0.75; P less than 0.001; N = 19) during cycling. Additionally, % Type I fibers was positively correlated with GE (r = 0.74; P less than 0.001; N = 13) measured during the novel task of two-legged knee extension; performed at a velocity of 177 +/- 6 degrees.s-1 and intensity of 50 and 70% of peak VO2 for that activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genomic Analysis of the Clonal Origins of Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2008)

Most children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be cured, but the prognosis is dismal for the minority of patients who relapse after treatment. To explore the genetic basis of relapse, we performed genome-wide DNA copy number analyses on matched diagnosis and relapse samples from 61 pediatric patients with ALL. The diagnosis and relapse samples typically showed different patterns of genomic copy number abnormalities (CNAs), with the CNAs acquired at relapse preferentially affecting genes implicated in cell cycle regulation and B cell development. Most relapse samples lacked some of the CNAs present at diagnosis, which suggests that the cells responsible for relapse are ancestral to the primary leukemia cells. Backtracking studies revealed that cells corresponding to the relapse clone were often present as minor subpopulations at diagnosis. These data suggest that genomic abnormalities contributing to ALL relapse are selected for during treatment, and they point to new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Digestion and absorption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (1991)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids play an important part in the structure and function of cellular membranes and are precursors of lipid mediators which play a key role in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. Dietary sources of essential fatty acids are vegetable oils for either linoleic or alpha-linolenic acids, and sea fish oils for eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Because of the specificity of the pancreatic lipid hydrolases, triglyceride fatty acid distribution is an essential parameter in the digestibility of fats. The efficiency of the intestinal uptake depends on the hydrolysis and especially on their micellarization. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester digestion is recognized to be impaired, but n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid triglyceride hydrolysis remains a controversial point, and to some authors explains differences observed between vegetable and fish oil absorption. So additional studies are required to investigate this intestinal step. In enterocytes, morphological and biochemical absorption processes involve reesterification of long-chain fatty acids and lipoprotein formation. At this level, specific affinity of I- and L-FABPc (cytosolic fatty acid binding proteins) to polyunsaturated fatty acids requires further investigation. A better understanding of the role of these FABPc might bring to light the esterification step, particularly the integration of polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids. With reference to differences published between fish and vegetable oil absorption, longer-term absorption studies appear essential to some authors. Polyunsaturated fatty acid absorption is thought to be not very dissimilar to that of long-chain mono-unsaturated fatty acid absorption. However, several digestion and absorption specific steps are worth studying with reference to the crucial role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the organism, and for example adaptation of possible dietary supplements.
Disorder of an AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs superlattice by donor diffusion (1984)

The Si impurity is diffused (850 °C, 10 h, xj ∼2.4 μm) into 2.4 μm of AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs (x≳0.6) superlattice (barrier LB ≊320 Å, quantum well Lz ≊280 Å) and disorders it into bulk-crystal Alx′Ga1-x′As (x′≳0.32). The as-grown infrared gap superlattice is converted selectively to red gap bulk crystal and, where undiffused and not disordered, is still capable of continuous 300-K photopumped laser operation at a threshold of 4×103 W/cm2 (or Jeq ∼1.7×103 A/cm2, 5145 Å pump photon).
Design of algorithm-based fault-tolerant multiprocessor systems for concurrent error detection and fault diagnosis (1994)

Algorithm-based fault tolerance (ABPT) is a low-overhead system-level concurrent error detection and fault location scheme for multiprocessor systems. We present new methods for the design of ABFT systems. Our design procedure is applicable to a wide range of systems in which processors share data elements. A feature of our design approach is that the type of checks to be used in the final system can be controlled by the system designer. We also present some new bounds on the number of checks needed in ABFT system design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dispersion of gases in atomic iodine lasers at 1315 μm (1988)

A cw atomic iodine photolytic laser at 1.315 microm was used for the first time to measure the refractivities (polarizabilities or Gladstone-Dale constants) of He, H(2)O, N(2), O(2), Ar, CO(2), O(3), Cl(2), SF(6), ICl, CF(3)I, I(2), and n-C(3)F(7)I. For comparison with previous measurements, the refractivities were also obtained at 4579, 4880, 5145, and 6328 A. Excellent agreement at these wavelengths supports the validity of these newly reported results. The data presented are useful in the development of a near-diffraction-limited laser beam for any atomic iodine laser at 1.315 microm.
Mono- and Multilayer Formation by Diazonium Reduction on Carbon Surfaces Monitored with Atomic Force Microscopy “Scratching” (2003)

Contact mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to intentionally scratch a monolayer deposited on a pyrolyzed photoresist film (PPF). The force was set to completely remove the monolayer but not to damage the underlying PPF surface. A line profile determined across the scratch with tapping mode AFM permitted determination of the monolayer thickness from the depth of the scratch. A statistical process was devised to avoid user bias in determining the monolayer thickness and was used to determine the thickness as a function of derivatization parameters. PPF surfaces modified by reduction of diazonium ions of stilbene, biphenyl, nitrobiphenyl, terphenyl, and nitroazobenzene (NAB) were scratched and their modification layer thicknesses determined. For single-scan derivatizations of 1 mM diazonium ions to −0.6 V versus Ag+/Ag, the biphenyl and stilbene monolayers exhibited thicknesses close to those expected for true monolayers. However, more extensive derivatization resulted in multilayers up to 6.3 nm thick for the case of NAB. Such multilayers imply that electrons are transmitted through the growing film during diazonium reduction, despite the fact that electron tunneling would not be expected to be operative over such long distances. The results are consistent with a conductance increase in the growing film, which yields a partially conductive layer that can support further diazonium ion reduction and additional layer growth.