gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adhesive functions of platelets lacking glycoprotein IV (CD36) (1991)

Glycoprotein IV (GPIV; CD36 or GPIIIb) is a cell surface glycoprotein that has been proposed as mediating a number of physiologically important processes such as the adhesion of platelets to thrombospondin (TSP) and collagen, the cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes, and the TSP-dependent interaction of monocytes with platelets and macrophages. Because platelets of the Naka-negative phenotype have recently been shown to lack detectable GPIV, their availability offered the opportunity to test directly these hypotheses regarding its adhesive functions. It has been found that Naka-negative platelets and monocytes do not support cytoadherence of P falciparum- infected erythrocytes. Naka-negative platelets are deficient in the initial stages of their adhesion to fibrillar collagen and this defect is most marked under Mg(2+)-free conditions. Finally, the ability of Naka-negative platelets to bind TSP before or after activation is unimpaired as compared with normal controls. These results do not support a role for GPIV as the TSP receptor.
Genetic variance in nociception and its relationship to the potency of morphine-induced analgesia in thermal and chemical tests (1998)

The perceived intensity of a painful stimulus is determined in part by the stimulus intensity and environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of genetic factors in nociception and its contribution to the potency of morphine to produce antinociception. Eight inbred strains of mice were tested across a range of stimulus intensities in thermal (hot plate) and chemical irritant (acetic acid) nociceptive tests. Stimulus intensities in the thermal test included hot plate temperatures of 51, 53, 55, 57 and 59 degrees C. Stimulus intensities in the chemical irritant test included acetic acid concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6%. Linear interpolation of stimulus-effect curves revealed large genotype-dependent differences in the effective temperature resulting in a 10 s latency on the hot-plate (ET10") and the acetic acid concentration resulting in the same number of writhes as determined by the area under the curve (AUC50). There was no genetic correlation between sensitivity to thermal versus chemical stimuli. Morphine dose response curves were then determined at a fixed stimulus intensity in each test (55 degrees C and 0.6% acetic acid) to determine analgesic ED50 doses for each inbred strain. A significant effect of genotype on relative sensitivity to morphine-induced analgesia in both the thermal and chemical irritant tests was found, however there was no genetic correlation between the potency of morphine in each test. There was an inverse genetic correlation between sensitivity to thermal and chemical stimuli and morphine ED50 values in each respective test. In both tests, strains less sensitive to the nociceptive stimuli were more sensitive to the antinociceptive effects of morphine. Confirmation studies in a separate genetic population confirmed the inverse relationship between hot-plate sensitivity and antinociceptive potency. In summary, this study demonstrated (i) a large degree of genetically-determined variability in sensitivity to painful stimuli, (ii) sensitivity to thermal stimuli (hot-plate) is genetically unrelated to sensitivity to chemical (acetic acid) stimuli, (iii) the mechanism by which morphine produces its antinociceptive effects against thermal stimuli is largely genetically independent of the mechanism by which morphine produces its antinociceptive effects against chemical stimuli, and (iv) inherent differences in sensitivity to painful stimuli may be responsible, in part, for individual differences in the potency of morphine's antinociceptive effects.
Evidence that in X‐linked immunodeficiency with hyperimmunoglobulinemia M the intrinsic immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch mechanism is intact (1990)

X-linked immunodeficiency with hyperimmunoglobulinemia M (XHM) reflects an impairment of the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (H) chain class switch of B lymphocytes from IgM to IgG and IgA. XHM is recessive; female carriers manifest normal IgG and IgA production. Due to random X chromosome inactivation in all somatic cells of females, about half of the lymphocytes of XHM carriers are not able to express an intact XHM gene. An intrinsic defect of the Ig H chain class switch mechanism in XHM B lymphocytes would thus lead to a skewed X chromosome inactivation pattern in the IgG- and IgA-expressing B lymphocytes of female carriers. IgM-, IgG- and IgA-expressing B lymphoblastoid cells (BLC) were established by Epstein-Barr virus transformation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two female XHM carriers. In an analysis of differential methylation of the polymorphic DXS255 loci, random X chromosome inactivation patterns were found in populations of T lymphocytes, in IgM-expressing B lymphocytes and in IgG- or IgA-expressing B lymphocytes. The heterogeneity of Ig H chain rearrangements and the Ig light chain usage in the IgA- or IgG-expressing BLC clones that had inactivated the X chromosome which carries the intact XHM gene and in BLC clones with the homologous X chromosome inactivated were similar. The results indicated that the intrinsic Ig H chain class switch mechanism in XHM B lymphocytes is fully intact. We conclude that the XHM gene encodes a class switch inducer that is transferred to B lymphocytes.
Monoclonal for cancer detection and therapy (1985)

This book contains 18 chapters. Some of the chapter titles are: Monoclonal Antibodies to Breast Cancer and Their Application; Clinical Applications of Radioimmunolocalisation; Localisation of Cancer of the Ovary and Metastases Using /sup 123/I-labelled Monoclonal Antibody HMFG-2 Compared to Surgical Findings; Interest of Globotriaosylceramide Membrane Antigen as Target for Immunotoxins; and Analysis, Results and Future Prospective of the Therapeutic Use of Radiolabeled Antibody in Cancer Therapy.
Long‐Term Maintenance of Alveolar Bone Gain After Implantation of Autolyzed, Antigen‐Extracted, Allogenic Bone in Periodontal Intraosseous Defects (1998)

This randomized controlled trial assessed the long-term maintenance of alveolar bone gain after implantation of autolyzed, antigen-extracted, allogenic (AAA) bone. AAA bone is a demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft processed after previously described methods. In each of 14 patients, AAA bone was implanted into the intraosseous defect of 1 tooth (test); a second tooth with an intraosseous defect was treated by modified Widman flap surgery alone (control). All patients were offered supportive periodontal therapy at 3- to 6-month intervals following treatment. Clinical measurements were taken prior to surgery, 6 months, and 3 years following surgery. Of the 14 patients enrolled, 11 patients completed the 6-month and 8 patients the 3-year examination. In test teeth, bone gain was significantly greater compared to control teeth at 6 months (2.2+/-0.5 mm and 1.2+/-0.5 mm, respectively) and 3 years (2.3+/-0.7 mm and 1.1+/-0.8 mm, respectively) (P < 0.05). Also, more probing attachment was gained in test compared to control teeth at 3 years (2.0+/-0.7 mm and 0.8+/-0.5 mm, respectively; P < 0.05). At 3 years, Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected in 3 test and 2 control teeth by polymerase chain reaction, whereas no Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was found. Due to the low detection frequency, there was no clear correlation between the maintenance of alveolar bone during supportive periodontal therapy and subgingival infection with P. gingivalis. The data indicated that alveolar bone gain after implantation of AAA bone may be maintained over a minimum of 3 years in patients receiving periodontal supportive therapy.
Easy Preparation of Cobalt Corrole and Hexaphyrin and Isolation of New Oligopyrroles in the Solvent-Free Condensation of Pyrrole with Pentafluorobenzaldehyde (2003)

[reaction: see text] Following the discovery that meso-substituted corroles are formed in solvent-free condensation of pyrrole with aldehydes, we demonstrate that a small variation in the methodology is suitable for facile synthesis of cobalt(III) corrole and hexaphyrin. These compounds, as well as three noncyclic products, were fully characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
High-performance, high-capacity MC-CDMA via carrier interferometry (2002)

This paper proposes a novel scheme which doubles capacity in MC-CDMA systems without any cost in bandwidth and with negligible cost in performance. Specifically: (1) complex spreading codes are used instead of conventional real value spreading codes; and (2) two groups of orthogonal complex spreading codes are used simultaneously, where minimum cross-correlation exists between the two groups. Simulations performed over Rayleigh fading channels using these novel codes demonstrate that the proposed scheme enables gain of 100% in terms of MC-CDMA capacity with negligible performance losses.
p190 BCR-ABL mRNA is expressed at low levels in p210-positive chronic myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemias (1996)

One hundred and forty-three patients with p210 BCR-ABL-positive leukemia were studied for coexpression of p190 BCR-ABL mRNA. p190 mRNA was detected in 14 of 16 (88%) patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at diagnosis, in 10 of 10 (100%) CML patients in blast crisis, in 75 of 107 (70%) CML patients receiving interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), and 10 of 10 (100%) patients with p210 BCR-ABL-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Neither p210 nor p190 BCR-ABL transcripts were detected in normal healthy adults (n = 20). The numbers of p190 transcripts determined by competitive PCR in patients with CML were low compared with the numbers of p210 transcripts. The median numbers of p210 and p190 transcripts per unit volume of cDNA in positive samples were 1.0 x 10(5) (range, 15 to 1.4 x 10(6)) and 10 (range, 10 to 2.9 x 10(3)), respectively. The numbers of p190 and p210 transcripts were significantly correlated in individual samples (r = .65, P < .001). The median number of p210 BCR-ABL transcripts was significantly lower in samples negative for p190 BCR-ABL transcripts than in samples in which p190 BCR-ABL transcripts were identified (3.1 x 10(3)[n = 73] v 1.0 x 10(5)[n = 115]; P < .0001). The median ratio of p190 to p210 BCR-ABL mRNA was not significantly different between chronic phase CML (1.9 x 10(-4)) and CML in blast crisis (1.7 x 10(-4)). The median ratio in p210 ALL was also low (1.9 x 10(-3)) but significantly higher than that of CML. We conclude that pl90 BCR-ABL transcripts are frequently present at a low level in p210 BCR-ABL-positive leukemias. p190 mRNA may arise through alternative or missplicing and its presence is probably of no pathogenetic significance.
Discourse marker based topic identification and search results refining (2010)

Most research oriented search queries consist of multiple topics belonging to one or more domains of knowledge. The objective of such search queries is to find the relationship or impact that each topic has on the other(s). Though web search engines provide easy means to retrieve information off the web, search engines are mainly key word oriented and do not consider the different topics and relationships between such topics present in the results. This project presents a software solution, `SearchDroid' that acts as an intermediate user between a search engine and the end user, refining search results based on different topics identified in the search query and their presence and relationships depicted in search results. A discourse parsing approach has been used to build discourse structures that represent the rhetorical relations of text in search results; this is used to re-rank results based on topics identified in the search query. The project combines linguistics research under discourse parsing with web information retrieval techniques. The lack of literature combining discourse parsing techniques with web information retrieval has been compensated for by introducing a fresh algorithmic approach. An abstract information retrieval mechanism has been created with the use of discourse parsing techniques, and can be integrated into any web information retrieval approach. The system was evaluated by Linguistic Experts, Technical Experts and End users. All experts agreed that a discourse parsing approach was suitable for addressing the problem at hand and that the project had high research value in the aspect of linking linguistics research with web information retrieval research. Hands-on testing of the system by End Users produced high user acceptance of the proposed system.
Toxicity of ribosome-inactivating proteins-containing immunotoxins to a human bladder carcinoma cell line (1996)

Immunotoxins were prepared by linking the type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP) momordin I, pokeweed antiviral protein from seeds (PAP-S) and saporin-S6 to the 48-127 monoclonal antibody (MAb) recognising a glycoprotein (gp54) expressed on all human bladder tumours tested and on human bladder carcinoma cell lines, in particular on the T24 cell line. T24 cells required a 2 hr contact with immunotoxins to ensure binding and endocytosis. A time course of exposure, followed by further incubation without the immunotoxins, showed that maximum inhibition of protein synthesis by T24 cells was reached after 2 hr of contact followed by 3 days without the immunotoxins. Under optimal conditions, 48-127/RIP immunotoxins at nanomolar concentrations inhibited by 50% protein synthesis of target T24 cells. No toxicity was observed if (i) target cells were treated with non-conjugated RIP, (ii) target cells were treated with momordin I- or PAP-S-containing immunotoxins made with an irrelevant antibody and (iii) a non-target cell line was treated with the same 2 RIP conjugated to 48-127 antibody. The in vitro selective toxicity of these immunotoxins encourages further studies in view of a possible use in clinical trials for the local therapy of human bladder carcinomas.
Polymers in ophthalmic surgery (1971)

Abstract Several new surgical techniques in which artificial adhesives are used have been developed. Perforated eyeballs were glued, plastic windows were glued to hazy and opaque corneas, and techniques of retinal surgery wth a minimum use of sutures have been developed. The expanding artificial implant is also described. This is a plastic that imbibes body fluids, swelling to a predetermined volume. Upon swelling, it can fill a cavity or it can produce a deformation in the surrounding tissues. Such a plastic is being investigated as a vitreous substitute. It is also being used to buckle the wall of the eye which carries the blood supply to the retina to reapproximate these layers in order to restore the retina's sensitivity to light. The main feature of this development is that a relatively large implant can be introduced into an organ or tissue through a small incision.
In vivo cell penetration and intracellular transport of anti-Sm and anti-La autoantibodies (2000)

Anti-nuclear autoantibodies (ANA) are the hallmark of systemic autoimmune diseases. Yet, the in vivo function of ANA remains controversial to a large extent due to the intracellular nature of their antigenic targets. It has been reported that a subset of autoantibodies can penetrate live cells and translocate into the subcellular compartments containing the corresponding antigens. The studies presented herein show that murine anti-Sm and anti-La monoclonal autoantibodies can also enter a variety of cell types from different animal species and that the cell penetration activity is not isotype-restricted. Interestingly, only mAb with cross-reactivity against double-stranded DNA did enter cells. Both these autoantibodies rapidly accumulate in the nucleus of viable cells but display different penetration kinetics. In co-localization experiments, monoclonal autoantibodies did not accumulate significantly within endocytic vesicles containing dextran, suggesting that they are internalized by mechanisms distinct from conventional receptor-mediated endocytosis. This report represents the first evidence that anti-La and anti-Sm autoantibodies are capable of entering live cells. Our observations support the notion that the phenomenon of intracellular autoantibodies may have a larger scope than previously reported and are consistent with a potential pathogenic role for ANA.
PDK1, one of the missing links in insulin signal transduction?1 (1997)

The initial steps in insulin signal transduction occur at the plasma membrane and lead to the activation of phosphatidylinositide (PtdIns) 3-kinase and the formation of PtdIns(3,4,5,)P3 in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane which is then converted to PtdIns(3,4)P2 by a specific phosphatase. Inhibitors of PtdIns 3-kinase suppress nearly all the metabolic actions of insulin indicating that PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and/or PtdIns(3,4)P2 are key 'second messengers' for this hormone. A major effect of insulin is its ability to stimulate the synthesis of glycogen in skeletal muscle. By 'working backwards' from glycogen synthesis, we have dissected an insulin-stimulated protein kinase cascade which is triggered by the activation of PtdIns 3-kinase. The first enzyme in this cascade is termed 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase (PDK1), because it is only active in the presence of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 or PtdIns(3,4)P2. PDK1 then activates protein kinase B (PKB) which, in turn, inactivates glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), leading to the dephosphorylation and activation of glycogen synthase and hence to an acceleration of glycogen synthesis. We review the evidence which indicates that the phosphorylation of other proteins by PKB and GSK3 is likely to mediate many of the intracellular actions of insulin.
Functional regulation of osteoblastic cells by the interaction of activin-A with follistatin. (1992)

A high number of 125I-activin-A binding sites (an apparent Kd of 260 pM and 5,600 sites/cell) were observed on MC3T3-E1 cells, a well characterized osteoblastic cell line. Activin-A has a mitogenic effect on these cells, with the greatest influence being observed on cells in an undifferentiated state, as well as a suppressive effect on the alkaline phosphatase activity. Northern and ligand blotting analyses revealed that these osteoblastic cells produce follistatin, which was down-regulated by retinoic acid treatment. Because follistatin is an activin-A-binding protein, we suggest that activin-A modulates the function of osteoblastic cells by being regulated by follistatin during differentiation.
Orthros: A High-Reliability Operating System with Transmigration of Processes (2013)

We propose a method to solve problems that accompany recovering from operating system (OS) failures. First, to reduce recovery time, we make two OSes run simultaneously and configure them as an active-backup structure in one computer. This structure can provide a fast recovery from failures by a failover. Recovery time when using the proposed method is about 0.4 seconds at a minimum and up to about 10 seconds even if 2 GB memory is restored. Next, for smooth continuation of services after recovery, the proposed method preserves processes, their network connections, and file caches, and does not have runtime overhead to obtain a process execution status from the running active OS before a crash. In addition, the resources consumed to build the active-backup structure are only one CPU core and a small amount of memory. The hardware required to implement the proposed method is a multi-core processor and one disk for each OS, consequently, introduction of the proposed method incurs low cost. In the evaluation, we confirmed that the downtime was up to about 1.5 seconds when the active OS of the proposed system crashed while running a text editor, an NFS server, and a database server.
Expression of the trans-active factors that stimulate insulin control element-mediated activity appear to precede insulin gene transcription. (1994)

Cell type-specific expression of the major differentiated products of alpha (glucagon) and beta (insulin) cells are regulated by sequences found within their 5'-flanking region. Specific transcription of the insulin gene appears to be principally controlled by a single cis-acting DNA element, termed the insulin control element (ICE). The ICE activator acts in combination with other positive regulatory factors that interact within this region to generate the correct, cell type-specific expression. In the present study, we show that the ICE activator is not only present but is functionally active in the islet glucagon-producing alpha cell line, alpha TC6. Analysis of the expression of various transfected insulin enhancer expression plasmids demonstrated that the insulin enhancer is active in alpha TC6 cells, although at a lower level than in beta cells. The reduced transcription from these constructs appears to be a consequence of the lack of other essential positive regulator(s). The alpha TC6 cells were also shown to display neuronal-like properties. Since islet cells appear to evolve from an alpha-like precursor cell that transiently expresses neuronal cell markers, these results would indicate that the ICE activator factor is induced before transcription of the insulin gene in the developing islet.
Theoretical Study of the Oxidation of Nickel Thiolate Complexes by O2 (1996)

Qualitative ab initio theory is used to compare the electronic structures of nickel dithiolate complexes and the monosulfinates arising from O2 oxidations. The results are used to examine the electronic factors involved in the reaction mechanism. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) of the dithiolate complexes are dominated by contributions from S p orbitals. Upon oxidation, the FMOs are dominated by sulfinate O atoms. This is consistent with a mechanism involving nucleophilic attack on O2 by the thiolate S-donors and suggests that the reaction stops after the oxidation of a single S atom because of this change in electronic structure.
Tryptophan-Derived NK1 Antagonists: Conformationally Constrained Heterocyclic Bioisosteres of the Ester Linkage (1995)

The 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl ester of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan 1 (L-732,138) has been identified previously as a potent and selective substance P receptor antagonist. A series of analogs which introduced a 6-membered heterocyclic ring into the backbone of this structure were prepared for evaluation as bioisosteric replacements of the ester linkage of 1. The 2,5-dioxopiperazine 2 had very weak receptor affinity, but 2-oxopiperazine 5 exhibited modest activity. Examination of the conformations accessible to the substituents on these templates led to exploration of the corresponding 5-membered heterocyclic rings. This study culminated in the identification of oxazolidinedione 14 as a suitable ester mimic in terms of the retention of good NK1 binding affinity.
Memory coherence in shared virtual memory systems (1989)

The memory coherence problem in designing and implementing a shared virtual memory on loosely coupled multiprocessors is studied in depth. Two classes of algorithms, centralized and distributed, for solving the problem are presented. A prototype shared virtual memory on an Apollo ring based on these algorithms has been implemented. Both theoretical and practical results show that the memory coherence problem can indeed be solved efficiently on a loosely coupled multiprocessor.