gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucagon-like peptide-1 can reverse the age-related decline in glucose tolerance in rats. (1997)

Wistar rats develop glucose intolerance and have a diminished insulin response to glucose with age. The aim of this study was to investigate if these changes were reversible with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a peptide that we have previously shown could increase insulin mRNA and total insulin content in insulinoma cells. We infused 1.5 pmol/ kg-1.min-1 GLP-1 subcutaneously using ALZET microosmotic pumps into 22-mo-old Wistar rats for 48 h. Rat infused with either GLP-1 or saline were then subjected to an intraperitoneal glucose (1 g/kg body weight) tolerance test, 2 h after removing the pump. 15 min after the intraperitoneal glucose, GLP-1-treated animals had lower plasma glucose levels (9.04+/-0.92 mmol/liter, P < 0.01) than saline-treated animals (11.61+/-0.23 mmol/liter). At 30 min the plasma glucose was still lower in the GLP-1-treated animals (8.61+/-0.39 mmol/liter, P < 0.05) than saline-treated animals (10.36+/-0.43 mmol/liter). This decrease in glucose levels was reflected in the higher insulin levels attained in the GLP-1-treated animals (936+/-163 pmol/liter vs. 395+/-51 pmol/liter, GLP-1 vs. saline, respectively, P < 0.01), detected 15 min after glucose injection. GLP-1 treatment also increased pancreatic insulin, GLUT2, and glucokinase mRNA in the old rats. The effects of GLP-1 were abolished by simultaneous infusion of exendin [9-39], a specific antagonist of GLP-1. GLP-1 is therefore able to reverse some of the known defects that arise in the beta cell of the pancreas of Wistar rats, not only by increasing insulin secretion but also by inducing significant changes at the molecular level.
Synthesis and Optical Characterization of Au/Ag Core/Shell Nanorods (2004)

Au/Ag core/shell nanorods with different shell thickness were synthesized in aqueous solution by chemically depositing silver on gold nanorods surface. With the silver coating, the longitudinal plasmon mode of the nanorods shifted blue and was enhanced. A dipole-limit calculation, based on confocal ellipsoids, simulates the spectra of the core/shell nanorods using bulk dielectric functions. Good agreement with the experimental result was achieved. Light scattering spectra of single nanorods were taken by dark-field microscopy to measure the homogeneous line width. The scattering spectra of single gold nanorods are less than 10% broader than the theoretical value, while the spectra of silver-coated nanorods are systematically 40−50% broader. The additional damping of the plasmon was modeled as the extra scattering at the Au−Ag interface and the nanorods surface. A model for evaluating the plasmon damping in inhomogeneous metallic systems with interfaces is presented.
Chronic intravenous injections of antigen induce and maintain tolerance in T cell receptor-transgenic mice (1999)

Antigen-specific T cell tolerance can be induced by systemic injection of high-dose antigen. In particular, a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of influenza virus hemagglutinin peptide in HNT-TCR transgenic mice induces T cell tolerance through thymocyte apoptosis as well as anergy and deletion of peripheral CD4+ T cells. We now show that this tolerance is reversed after 8 weeks probably due to the short in vivo half-life of the peptide. Since durable tolerance is required for this strategy to be of therapeutic value, we tested whether weekly i.v. injections of peptide (up to 12 weeks) could maintain the CD4+ T cell tolerance. Each injection induces a profound deletion of thymocytes, although their level recovers before the next injection. Therefore, during the treatment period, the thymus undergoes cycles of contraction/expansion. In the periphery, the number of CD4+ T cells is stably decreased and the persisting CD4+ T cells are hyporeactive both in vitro and in vivo. This tolerance is essentially peripheral since comparable results were obtained in thymectomized HNT-TCR mice injected weekly. Our data show that stable antigen-specific tolerance can be induced by repeated i.v. injections of antigen. These findings might have implications for the treatment of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Recognition of Spoken Spelled Names for Directory Assistance Using Speaker-Independent Templates (1980)

In a recent paper, Rosenberg and Schmidt demonstrated the applicability of a speaker-trained, isolated word speech recognizer to the problem of automatic directory assistance. Input to the system was in the form of a string of letters which spelled the last name and initials of an individual for whom a directory listing was required. Rosenberg and Schmidt found that, even though the recognition rate for individual letters was rather low (approximately 80 percent), the rate at which the correct directory listing was found was higher (approximately 95 percent). In this paper, we extend these results to include the case of speaker-independent recognition of letters. We show that overall performance in the speaker-independent mode is comparable to performance in a speaker-dependent mode and examine various factors important for operation in a speaker-independent mode, such as characteristics of the reference templates, choice of decision rule, and threshold parameters. For the most part, the overall system is remarkably robust to the parameters of the recognizer. For the best choice of these parameters, a 95-percent correct string rate is obtained, comparable to the performance in a speaker-dependent mode.
T Cell Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1993)

The T cell-mediated acquired immune response to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, both in humans and in experimental models in the mouse, is a complex event believed to involve a variety of T cell subsets that manifest themselves in numerous functions, including protection, delayed-type hypersensitivity, cytolysis, and the establishment of a state of memory immunity. These functions in turn involve the secretion of an array of cytokines, several of which direct cells of the monocyte/macrophage axis to contain and destroy the invading bacilli. This article reviews the development of these ideas, both from clinical experience and from basic research in animal models. In addition, the newly emerging hypothesis that the secreted or export proteins of M. tuberculosis are the key protective antigens leading to the initial expression of acquired specific resistance to this organism is examined.
Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in CdSe Nanocrystals Determined by Femtosecond Fluorescence Upconversion Spectroscopy (2000)

Femtosecond fluorescence upconversion has been utilized to study the band edge and deep trap emission dynamics of cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals (NC's) ranging in size from 27 to 72 Å in diameter. Both the band edge rise time and decay show a direct correlation to NC size, and a rise time that depends on excitation energy. Surface-oxidized and non-oxidized NC's display the same band edge fluorescence decay kinetics, but the relative amplitudes of the short and long components differ. The deep trap emission that appears within 2 ps is attributed to ultrafast relaxation of a surface selenium dangling bond electron to the valence band where it combines radiatively with the initial photogenerated hole. By this process, the large amplitude of the band edge emission that is attributed to direct electron/hole recombination is attenuated within the initial 2−6 ps. The long lifetime of the band edge emission originates from a triplet state, with an energy lying just below the lowest electronic level consistent with the “Dark Exciton”. The extended deep trap emission arises from the relaxation of the excited-state conduction band electron to a surface-localized hole or vice-versa. A new model is presented which describes these mechanisms for exciton relaxation in CdSe quantum dots.
The Mechanism of Action Research of TSAS Resist Tumor of Mice (2010)

Objective:To discuss the effect of total saponin of Aralia elata Seem leaf(TSAS)on anti-cancer.Methods:Determine the amounts of serum IL-2 of mice by ELISA,tumor cell apoptosis by FCM and rasP21 protein in tumor tissue.Results:TSAS can cause the number of serum IL-2 increase obviously,can′t alter the tumor cell cycle distinctly.Apoptosis rate heighten clearly the number of rasP21 protein reduce evidently.Conclusion:TSAS can increase serum IL-2,induce the tumor cell to apoptosis and urge ras cancer gene reversion to resist tumor.
A Second Generation Force Field for the Simulation of Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Organic Molecules J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5179−5197 (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTA Second Generation Force Field for the Simulation of Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Organic Molecules J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5179−5197Wendy D. Cornell, Piotr Cieplak, Christopher I. Bayly, Ian R. Gould, Kenneth M. Merz, David M. Ferguson, David C. Spellmeyer, Thomas Fox, James W. Caldwell, and Peter A. KollmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9, 2309Publication Date (Web):March 6, 1996Publication History Published online6 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja955032ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja955032ecorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views9506Altmetric-Citations400LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (27 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A High Resolution 3-D Marine Gravity Gradiometry Survey Over a Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Subsalt Prospect in the Mississippi Canyon Area: ABSTRACT (1995)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Association of FKBP5 Polymorphisms With Suicidal Events in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) Study (2009)

The FKBP5 genotypes associated with suicidal events in this study have been reported by others to cause the greatest degree of glucocorticoid receptor subsensitivity. These results are consistent with those of other studies linking alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis with suicidal behavior. The small number of events and lack of a placebo condition make these results preliminary. Replication with a larger sample and a placebo condition is needed to assess whether these events are related to treatment.
Differentiating Cognitive Load Using a Modified Version of AttenD (2017)

Voice interfaces offer promise in allowing drivers to keep their eyes on-road and hands on-wheel. In relieving visualmanual demand, there is the potential for voice-enabled interfaces to inadvertently shift the burden of load to cognitive resources. Measurement approaches are needed that can identify when and to what extent cognitive load is present during driving. A modified form of the AttenD algorithm was applied to assess the amount of cognitive load present in a set of auditory-vocal task interactions. These tasks were subset from a larger on-road study conducted in the Boston area of driver response during use of an in-vehicle voice system [22]. The modified algorithm differentiated among the set of auditory-vocal tasks examined -- and may be useful to HMI practitioners who are working to develop and evaluate HMIs to support drivers in managing their attention to the road, and in the development of real-time driver attention monitoring systems.
The functional neuroanatomy of mood disorders (1997)

Mood disorders may be associated with global and regional changes in cerebral blood flow and metabolism. The accumulated functional neuroimaging findings in mood disorders were reviewed in order to examine a proposed neuroanatomic model of pathophysiology. Global cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism appear normal, but may be decreased in late-life depression. Regional cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism deficits are present, and may be indicators of brain regions participating in neuroanatomic circuits involved in mood disorders. Decreased pre-frontal cortex blood flow and metabolism in depressed unipolar and bipolar patients are the most consistently replicated findings, and correlate with severity of illness. Basal ganglia abnormalities have been found in depressed unipolar and bipolar patients, involving decreased blood flow and metabolism. Temporal lobe abnormalities are present in bipolar disorder patients, and perhaps unipolar depression. There is conflicting evidence of abnormalities in other limbic regions. Cognitive impairment may correlate with decreased metabolism in frontal and cerebellar areas. The relationship between functional neuroimaging findings and clinical course, and therefore state and trait characteristics, has not been systematically investigated. Antidepressant medications, but not ECT, seem to reverse some of the identified functional brain changes in the depressed state. The structural, neurotransmitter and neuropathological correlates of these functional abnormalities are yet to be determined. Functional abnormalities in frontal, subcortical and limbic structures appear to be part of the pathophysiology of mood disorders.
Aspergillus FicuumExtracellular pH 6.0 Optimum Acid Phosphatase: Purification, N-Terminal Amino Acid Sequence, and Biochemical Characterization (1988)

An extracellular acid phosphatase, pH optimum 6.0 from crude culture filtrate of Aspergillus ficuum was purified to homogeneity using cation exchange chromatography and chromatofocusing steps. SDS-PAGE of the purified enzyme exhibited two stained bands at approximately 82-KDa and 70-KDa. The mobility of the active enzyme in gel permeation chromatography indicated the molecular mass to be about 85-KDa. In the concentrated form the enzyme appeared to be purple, the visible absorption spectrum shows a lambda max at 580 nm. On the basis of molecular mass of 82-KDa, the molar extinction coefficient of the enzyme at 280 nm and 580 nm was estimated to be 1.2 x 10(5) M-1 cm-1 and 1.3 x 10(3) M-1 cm-1 respectively. Judging by chromatofocusing, the isoelectric point of the enzyme was about 4.9. The purified enzyme was unstable at 70 degrees C. The enzyme was catalytically very active from 55 degrees to 65 degrees C with a maximum activity at 63 degrees C. The Michaelis constant of the enzyme for p-nitrophenylphosphate was 200 microM with a computed Kcat of 260 per sec. Although the enzyme was insensitive to fluoride, tartrate, and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), it was competitively inhibited by phosphomycin (Ki = 1.00 mM) and inorganic orthophosphate (Ki = 165 microM). While the enzyme was relatively insensitive to Mn++, Cu++ and Zn++ inhibited the activity 540 fold at a concentration of 100 microM. The enzyme showed positive PAS staining and hence is a glycoprotein (28% glycosylation); the sugar composition suggests the presence of N-linked high mannose-oligosaccharides and galactose. A partial N-terminal amino acid sequence up to the thirty-fourth residue was elucidated.
High Flow Velocity Imaging using Color Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (1998)

We and others have recently described a novel optical Doppler flow imaging technique, termed color Doppler optical coherence tomography (CDOCT), which is capable of micron-scale spatial resolution, two-dimensional tomographic velocity mapping in turbid medial,2.
A comparative assessment of three approaches to pixel-level human skin-detection (2002)

This paper assesses the merits of three different approaches to pixel-level human skin detection. The basis for the 3 approaches has been reported in the literature. The first two approaches use simple ratios and colour space transforms respectively, whereas the third is a numerically efficient approach based on a 3D RGB probability map, first implemented by Rehg-Jones (1999). The Bayesian probabilities are made possible to compute only with the availability of a large appropriately labeled database. Over 12000 images from the Compaq skin and non-skin databases are used to quantitatively assess the three approaches. Thresholds are determined empirically to detect 95% of all skin-associated pixels and assessment is then made in terms of the percentage of non-skin pixels incorrectly accepted. The lowest of these false acceptance rates is found to be about 20% given by the 3D probability map.
The regulation of growth and differentiation of a murine B cell lymphoma. I. Lipopolysaccharide-induced differentiation. (1981)

The B cell lymphoma WEHI 231 has been previously characterized as resembling a resting B cell, bearing large amounts of IgM on the cell surface, but not secreting immunoglobulin. When WEHI 231 cells were cultured together with low concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.01 to 3 micrograms/ml), increased levels of immunoglobulin were detected in culture supernatants. Analysis by immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis demonstrated that this was secreted (19S) IgM. It was noted that small amounts of secretory IgM were produced even in control cultures not deliberately exposed to LPS. Analysis of the cell lysates showed that LPS treatment resulted in a reduction of synthesis of the surface form of IgM. In contrast, the cytoplasmic pool of IgM precursors was considerably expanded by LPS treatment, reflecting the overall increase in synthesis of IgM in LPS-treated cells. These changes in IgM metabolism appear to parallel closely those occurring in normal B cells after mitogen or antigen challenge. This cloned tumor line promises to be a valuable system in which to investigate some of the molecular events in B cell differentiation.
Microdomain Morphology of Poly(urethane urea) Multiblock Copolymers (2000)

As part of our continuing study of the solid-state morphology of poly(urethane urea) segmented block copolymers, we focus in the current paper on the use of atomic force microscopy to visualize the...
Design of Highly Efficient Light-Trapping Structures for Thin-Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2007)

We present a design optimization of a highly efficient light-trapping structure to significantly increase the efficiency of thin-film crystalline silicon solar cells. The structure consists of an antireflection (AR) coating, a silicon active layer, and a back reflector that combines a diffractive reflection grating with a distributed Bragg reflector. We have demonstrated that with careful design optimization, the presented light-trapping structure can lead to a remarkable cell-efficiency enhancement for the cells with very thin silicon active layers (typically 2.0-10.0 mum) due to the significantly enhanced absorption in the wavelength range of 800-1100 nm. On the other hand, less enhancement has been predicted for much thicker cells (i.e.,>100 mum) due to the limited absorption increase in this wavelength range. According to our simulation, the overall cell efficiency can be doubled for a 2.0-mum-thick cell with light-trapping structure. It is found that the improvement is mainly contributed by the optimized AR coating and diffraction grating with the corresponding relative improvements of 36% and 54%, respectively. The simulation results show that the absolute cell efficiency of a 2.0-mum-thick cell with the optimal light-trapping structure can be as large as 12%.
Corrole-based applications (2007)

Despite of the many similarities between corroles and porphyrins, the chemistry of the former remained undeveloped for decades because of severe synthetic obstacles. The recent discoveries of facile methodologies for the synthesis of triarylcorroles and the corresponding metal complexes allowed for their utilization in various fields. This survey reveals many examples where corroles were used as the key components in catalysis, sensing of gaseous molecules and medicine-oriented research. The focus in all these cases was on the special features of corroles: stabilization of high valent transition metal ions, unique photophysical properties, large NH acidity, facile synthetic manipulation and distinct catalytic properties. The latter aspect includes several examples of reactions that are not catalyzed by any non-corrole metal complex, such as the iron-based aziridination by Chloramine-T, the clean disproportionation of peroxynitrite, and the very facile N-H activation of amines.
Analytical design of double-chirped mirrors with custom-tailored dispersion characteristics (1999)

We present a theory for the analytical design of double-chirped mirrors with special dispersion characteristics. A simple analytical equation takes an arbitrarily desired group delay dispersion (that also includes possible higher order dispersion) as an input function and gives the chirp law as an output. The chirp law determines the local Bragg wavelengths in the mirror. It allows the calculation of the thicknesses of the high- and low-index layers if the double chirp of the layers in the front part of the mirror is taken into account. We use this method to design a highly dispersive double-chirped semiconductor Bragg mirror and a double-chirped TiO/sub 2/-SiO/sub 2/ mirror for higher order dispersion compensation in optical parametric oscillators operating in the visible spectral range. The design formulas are applicable to general chirped Bragg gratings and provide insight into the reasons why certain dispersion characteristics might be impossible to achieve.