gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac vanilloid receptor 1‐expressing afferent nerves and their role in the cardiogenic sympathetic reflex in rats (2003)

Myocardial ischaemia causes the release of metabolites such as bradykinin, which stimulates cardiac sensory receptors to evoke a sympathoexcitatory reflex. However, the molecular identity of the afferent neurons and fibres mediating this reflex response is not clear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the cardiogenic sympathoexcitatory reflex is mediated by capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibres. Enhanced immunofluorescence labelling revealed that vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1)-containing afferent nerve fibres were present on the epicardial surface of the rat heart. Resiniferatoxin (RTX), a potent analogue of capsaicin, was used to deplete capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibres in rats. Depletion of these fibres was confirmed by a substantial reduction of VR1 immunoreactivity in the epicardium and dorsal root ganglia. The thermal sensitivity was also diminished in RTX-treated rats. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and blood pressure were recorded in anaesthetized rats during epicardial application of bradykinin or capsaicin. In vehicle-treated rats, epicardial bradykinin (10 microg ml-1) or capsaicin (10 microg ml-1) application produced a significant increase in RSNA and arterial blood pressure. The RSNA and blood pressure responses caused by bradykinin and capsaicin were completely abolished in RTX-treated rats. Furthermore, epicardial application of iodo-RTX, a highly specific antagonist of VR1 receptors, blocked capsaicin- but not bradykinin-induced sympathoexcitatory responses. Thus, these data provide important histological and functional evidence that the heart is innervated by VR1-expressing afferent nerves and these afferent nerves are essential for the cardiogenic sympathoexcitatory reflex during myocardial ischaemia.
The Secreted β-Amyloid Precursor Protein Ectodomain APPsα Is Sufficient to Rescue the Anatomical, Behavioral, and Electrophysiological Abnormalities of APP-Deficient Mice (2007)

It is well established that the proteolytic processing of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) generates beta-amyloid (Abeta), which plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In contrast, the physiological role of APP and of its numerous proteolytic fragments and the question of whether a loss of these functions contributes to AD are still unknown. To address this question, we replaced the endogenous APP locus by gene-targeted alleles and generated two lines of knock-in mice that exclusively express APP deletion variants corresponding either to the secreted APP ectodomain (APPs alpha) or to a C-terminal (CT) truncation lacking the YENPTY interaction motif (APPdeltaCT15). Interestingly, the deltaCT15 deletion resulted in reduced turnover of holoAPP, increased cell surface expression, and strongly reduced Abeta levels in brain, likely because of reduced processing in the endocytic pathway. Most importantly, we demonstrate that in both APP knock-in lines the expression of APP N-terminal domains either grossly attenuated or completely rescued the prominent deficits of APP knock-out mice, such as reductions in brain and body weight, grip strength deficits, alterations in circadian locomotor activity, exploratory activity, and the impairment in spatial learning and long-term potentiation. Together, our data suggest that the APP C terminus is dispensable and that APPs alpha is sufficient to mediate the physiological functions of APP assessed by these tests.
Monolithic GaAs multi-throw switches with integrated low-power decoder/driver logic (2002)

SP4T, SP6T and SP8T GaAs MMIC switches with integrated low-power decoder/driver logic are described. The integrated decoder/driver significantly reduces the number of on chip control lines, lowering cost, improving RF performance and easing PCB integration. Reflective and terminated versions are realized. Insertion losses range from 0.5-1.7 dB, isolations range from 20-45 dB, 1 dB input power compressions range from 20-24 dBm and single tone third order intercepts range from 40 to 42 dBm at 2 GHz. The logic operates over temperatures from 196/spl deg/C to 125/spl deg/C and supply voltages from 3-7 V while consuming under 25 mW of DC power. Control current requirements are under 200 /spl mu/A, allowing standard CMOS and TTL logic families to interface. Switching times are under 100 nsec.
Effect of a single dose of escitalopram on serotonin concentration in the non-human and human primate brain (2013)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely prescribed for treatment of psychiatric disorders. The exact mechanism underlying the clinical effects of SSRIs remains unclear, although increased synaptic serotonin concentrations have been hypothesized to be an initial step. [¹¹C]AZ10419369 is a novel 5-HT(1B) receptor selective radioligand, which is sensitive to changes in endogenous serotonin concentrations. To assess whether a single dose of the SSRI escitalopram affects endogenous serotonin concentrations in serotonergic projection areas and in the raphe nuclei (RN), three cynomolgus monkeys and nine human subjects underwent PET examinations with [¹¹C]AZ10419369 at baseline conditions and after escitalopram administration. In monkeys, the binding potential (BP(ND)) was significantly lower post dose compared to baseline in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, thalamus, midbrain and RN (p < 0.05). In humans, the BP(ND) tended to decrease in RN post dose (p = 0.08). In all serotonergic projection areas, the BP(ND) was conversely higher post dose compared to baseline. The increase was significant in a combined region of all projection areas (p = 0.01) and in occipital and temporal cortex (p < 0.05). SSRIs are generally assumed to elevate endogenous serotonin concentrations in projection areas, evoking the antidepressant effect. In the present study, a single, clinically relevant, dose of escitalopram was found to decrease serotonin concentrations in serotonergic projection areas in humans. Hypothetically, desensitization of inhibitory serotonergic autoreceptors will cause the serotonin concentration in projection areas to increase over time with chronic administration. Thus, the findings in the present study might aid in understanding the mechanism of SSRIs' delayed onset of clinical effect.
Human Evidence That the Apolipoprotein A-II Gene Is Implicated in Visceral Fat Accumulation and Metabolism of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins (2001)

ApoA-II appears to promote visceral fat accumulation and impair metabolism of large VLDLs.
A function-pipelined architecture and VLSI chip for MPEG video image coding (1995)

A function-pipelined architecture is presented for MPEG video image coding. Also, based on a 0.8 /spl mu/m SPDM CMOS technology, a VLSI chip has been designed and implemented for such an architecture. The chip consists of 43,066 transistors and has a die size of 6,673 /spl mu/m/spl times/5,260 /spl mu/m (or 0.36 cm/sup 2/). In the future, with such a VLSI chip, a coding processor will be developed for improving the performance of the MPEG video encoding system under development.
Multilayer resist methods for nanoimprint lithography on nonflat surfaces (1998)

Five multilayer resist methods (three positive tones and two negative tones) have been devised for nanoimprint lithography on nonflat surfaces. Three of the methods have been demonstrated experimentally on a SiO2 surface with 100 nm deep sharp steps. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. Our results should be applicable to nanoimprint lithography with 10 nm feature size on nonflat surfaces.
Identification of Ellagic Acid Conjugates and Other Polyphenolics in Muscadine Grapes by HPLC-ESI-MS (2005)

Ellagic acid, ellagic acid glycosides, and ellagitannins found in various fruits and nuts, including muscadine grape, are reported to have potential health-promoting benefits and antioxidant properties. This study isolated and identified several ellagic acid derivatives present in muscadine grapes and determined their relative antioxidant properties (AOX). Compounds were extracted from grape skins and pulp using methanol, and the solvent was evaporated. Isolates were dissolved in citric acid buffer (pH 3.5) and absorbed onto C18 cartridges. Nonretained polyphenolics were collected separately and again partitioned from Sephadex LH-20, whereas retained polyphenolics were first eluted with ethyl acetate followed by methanol. Ellagic acid derivatives were identified on the basis of UV and mass spectra, and the presence of ellagitannins was confirmed by a significant increase in free ellagic acid with HPLC followed by acid hydrolysis. Muscadine grapes contained phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins, ellagic acid, and numerous ellagic acid derivatives. AOX varied in the order ethyl acetate > methanol > C18 nonretained fractions; each correlated to both total phenolics (r = 0.90) and total ellagic acid (r = 0.99) contents. Results of this study revealed previously unidentified ellagic acid derivatives in muscadine grapes.
Effects of organoselenium compounds on induction of mouse forestomach tumors by benzo(a)pyrene. (1985)

The selenium analogues of three known inhibitors of chemical carcinogenesis were synthesized and the compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the induction of forestomach tumors in mice by benzo(a)pyrene. Groups of female CD-1 mice were given NIH-07 diet, or NIH-07 diet to which one of the following test compounds had been added: p-methoxyphenol (30 mumol/g diet and 3.3 mumol/g diet); p-methoxybenzeneselenol (3.3 mumol/g diet); benzylthiocyanate (0.045 mumol/g diet); benzylselenocyanate (0.045 mumol/g diet); phenothiazine (3.8 mumol/g diet); and phenoselenazine (3.8 mumol/g diet). The test compounds were administered for 1 week prior to treatment with benzo(a)pyrene, during the 4 weeks of benzo(a)pyrene treatment, and for 1 week after benzo(a)pyrene treatment. Twelve weeks later the mice were sacrificed and forestomach tumors were counted and confirmed histologically as papillomas. p-Methoxyphenol was the most effective inhibitor and was the only one which significantly reduced both the percentage of tumor-bearing animals and the number of forestomach tumors per animal. At the 3.3-mumol/g diet, p-methoxyphenol reduced the number of tumors per animal from 3.3 to 0.8 (P less than 0.0003). p-Methoxybenzeneselenol reduced the number of tumors per animal from 3.3 to 2.0 (P less than 0.05). Benzylthiocyanate showed no significant inhibitory effect, but benzylselenocyanate reduced the number of tumors per animal from 3.3 to 1.7 (P less than 0.01). Phenothiazine significantly enhanced the number of tumors per animal from 3.3 to 6.5 (P less than 0.004). Phenoselenazine had no effect on tumor induction. The results of this study indicate that two synthetic organoselenium compounds, p-methoxybenzeneselenol and benzylselenocyanate, are effective inhibitors of mouse forestomach tumorigenesis induced by benzo(a)pyrene.
E-beam lithography and electrodeposition fabrication of thick nanostructured devices (2007)

A nanofabrication approach based on advanced e-beam lithography and electrodeposition successfully produced high-resolution (approximate to 40 nm line width) metal structures with high aspect ratio (&gt;12) and high density. The combination of these characteristics is essential for hard-x-ray optical components such as zone plates, for x-ray lithography masks and for other devices.
Recombinant fowlpox viruses expressing the glycoprotein B homolog and the pp38 gene of Marek's disease virus (1992)

Two Marek's disease virus (MDV) genes, one homologous to the glycoprotein B gene of herpes simplex virus and encoding the B antigen complex and the other encoding a 38-kDa phosphorylated protein (pp38), were inserted into the fowlpox virus (FPV) genome under the control of poxvirus promoters. Randomly selected nonessential regions of FPV were used for insertion, and the vaccinia virus 7.5 kDa polypeptide gene promoter or a poxvirus synthetic promoter was used for expression of MDV genes. Gene expression in cells infected with these recombinants was highly influenced by the promoter (the synthetic promoter being more effective) but was only slightly influenced by the insertion site and by the transcription direction of the insert relative to the direction of the flanking FPV sequences. Cells infected with an FPV recombinant expressing the MDV gB gene reacted positively with a monoclonal antibody specific to this glycoprotein in an immunofluorescence assay. Immunoprecipitation of infected cell lysates showed three glycoproteins identical to those associated with the B antigen complex of MDV (100, 60, and 49 kDa). Cells infected with a recombinant expressing the pp38 gene reacted positively with an anti-pp38 monoclonal antibody in an immunofluorescence assay. The generated protein was phosphorylated and had a molecular weight similar to that of the native pp38 protein. Sera from chickens immunized with an FPV recombinant expressing the MDV glycoprotein B gene reacted with MDV-infected cells.
Turbidimetric and Nephelometric Flow Analysis: Concepts and Applications (2006)

Abstract A review on flow analysis with turbidimetric and nephelometric detection is presented. A brief discussion of the principles of turbidimetry and nephelometry is given. Particular emphasis is devoted to coupling different flow techniques (flow injection, sequential injection, multicommutation) to these detection techniques. Applications in environmental, pharmaceutical, biological, and food samples are summarized and compared in terms of application range, flow configuration, repeatability, and sampling rate.
Preparation and end-linking of hydroxyl-terminated polystyrene star macromolecules (1999)

An up-scale synthesis of 3-arm hydroxyl-terminated polystyrene (PS) star polymers is reported. Subsequent end-linking of these hydroxyl-terminated star polymers with 2,4-toluene diisocyanate gave branched polymers. The extent of reacted groups was measured by UV spectroscopy. The quenched samples were characterized by static-dynamic light scattering. The experimental gel point (critical hydroxyl conversion, pOH, cr = 0.65) is shifted significantly from the theoretically predicted gel point (pOH,cr = 0.50), indicating extensive ring formation during the end-linking process. Analysis of the shrinking factors (gh, gs) and the molar mass dependencies of the radii of gyration Rg, hydrodynamic radii Rh, and the second osmotic virial coefficient A2 gave qualitative agreement with crosslinking theories. The deviations are discussed to arise from the large non-uniformity in the size distribution and from a cross-over of mean field to percolation behavior, as was previously found from the quantitative analysis of molar mass distributions.
Future Air Force Tactical Communications (1980)

During the 1980's, many improvements will be made in the Air Force's ability to communicate in a battlefield environment. Programs like JTIDS, SEEK TALK, TRI-TAC, and the Ground Mobile Forces satellite communications terminals will improve the security, jam resistance, connectivity, and capacity of today's Air Force tactical communications. Even after these programs have been implemented, however, some important problem areas will remain, especially in our ability to resist a determined enemy's electronic warfare and physical attacks. This paper first describes today's Air Force tactical communications requirements and capabilities, and then summarizes the current problem areas. Currently planned programs to solve these problems are described for aircraft voice, aircraft data, ground-to-ground interconnections, and sensor/weapon data links. The problem areas that will remain after the implementation of these programs are then discussed. Some important technological opportunities are identified that hold promise for overcoming some of the projected problem areas in the 1990's. In addition, some system approaches are suggested for exploiting these technological opportunities, and for improving our use of older technologies. These system approaches emphasize reduced-information-rate operation, adaptive network techniques, network management/control, packet switching, and joint-Service, interoperable, common-user systems.
A geographic XML-based format for the mobile environment (2005)

The rapid emerging of the mobile Internet provides new opportunities for information services. One of the service types is tied to mobile location technology that allows the definition of the geographical location of a mobile user. It enables the development of a new class geographical information services. Location-based applications require careful development of the general architecture as well as a data format for information transfer due to restrictions of mobile devices and wireless data networks. The author examines the use of different format types in mobile information services for the representation of geographical information. Then, he proposes to use an XML-based data model language for geographical information description in such systems. He describes the logical structure for the new format and basic tags. He expects that the format helps in effective development of geographical applications for the mobile environment.
<title>High-speed TDI imaging for peripheral inspection</title> (1995)

Time Delay and Integration imaging offers a complete solution to the peripheral inspection/imaging of rotating cylindrical objects. Coupled with simple structured light schemes, the deformation or surface contour of the cylindrical object is highlighted and quantified. High speed TDI facilitate inspection of fast rotating objects, a feature preferred in industrial inspection systems. Experiments presented here are performed at rotation speeds of upto 2500 RPM. The experimental setup, influence of various system parameters are discussed in this paper. Examples using a food powder can as the object is provided. Keywords: Machine vision, Digital imaging, Visual inspection, Moire methods
Management of Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection (2005)

A 25-year-old previously healthy woman is found to have a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody as part of a routine examination for insurance coverage. Heterosexual contact is her only risk factor for HIV acquisition. She is asymptomatic and has a normal physical examination. The results of routine hematologic and laboratory tests are normal. Her CD4 cell count is 325 per cubic millimeter and her plasma HIV-1 RNA level is 60,000 copies per milliliter. How should her case be managed?
Smallpox Vaccination: A Review, Part II. Adverse Events (2003)

Smallpox vaccination of health care workers, military personnel, and some first responders has begun in the United States in 2002-2003 as one aspect of biopreparedness. Full understanding of the spectrum of adverse events and of their cause, frequency, identification, prevention, and treatment is imperative. This article describes known and suspected adverse events occurring after smallpox vaccination.
Nerve growth factor, laminin, and fibronectin promote neurite growth in human fetal sensory ganglia cultures (1982)

The effect of mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) on cultured human fetal sensory neurons was assayed by measuring neurite length, density and rate of growth. Addition of NGF increased adhesion of dissociated sensory neurons cultured on collagen coated surfaces. Almost all neurons of 9 to 10 week old fetuses are postmitotic, contain neuron-specific enolase, (an enzyme linked to differentiation), and require NGF for optimal neurite growth. Sensory ganglia re-explanted on collagen showed maximal neurite length and density when treated with 1 ng/ml of NGF. Neurite density was reduced considerably in the absence of mouse NGF and was almost abolished by addition of antimouse NGF antibodies. Surfaces coated with the matrix glycoproteins laminin or fibronectin further stimulated neurite growth of ganglia in the presence of NGF. Increasing amounts of matrix proteins could partly compensate for the absence of mouse NGF or the inhibition of NGF activity by antibodies. Stimulation of neurite growth by matrix proteins was time-dependent, and neurites showed maximum length at 10 days (2 to 3 mm). Neurite growth was more pronounced with laminin than with fibronectin and collagen, and antibodies to laminin suppressed all neurite growth. In the presence of a constant amount of NGF, mean neurite growth reached 26 microns/hr (at 1 day), and was 2.1 and 1.7 times faster on laminin and fibronectin (respectively) than on collagen. Thus, laminin, and to a lesser degree fibronectin, may enhance neurite growth of human sensory neurons in synergy with NGF.
New indolo[3,2-b]carbazole derivatives for field-effect transistor applications (2009)

The synthesis, characterization, and field-effect transistor (FET) properties of new indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (IC) based materials are reported. Instead of adding the long alkyl chains on the nitrogen atoms of the IC backbone like many other IC-based molecules, they were added at both ends of the molecule (octylthiophene, p-octylbenzene). Also, the amine groups on the IC backbone were either free or protected by methyl groups. The impact on the organization and thin-film morphology showed that the molecules stand perpendicular to the surface as demonstrated by XRD and AFM. The highest hole mobility obtained by these new p-type organic semiconductors was 0.22 cm2V−1 s−1 with an on/off ratio of about 105. The best performance was obtained with 3,9-di(p-octylbenzene)-5,11-dihydroxyindolo[3,2-b]carbazole. This performance is one of the best obtained by both IC derivatives and materials containing a secondary amine on the backbone.
Cambridge Water v. Eastern Counties Leather (1994)

Discusses and details the 1994 case of Cambridge Water Co. v. Eastern Countries Leather plc and comments on the decision of the House of Lords, which found in favour of the polluter (ECL). Considers some implications raised by this case about the scope of environmental damage and liability, and concludes that if damage is reasonably forseeable then liability is strict.
Antibodies Directed against the E Region of Pro-Insulin-like Growth Factor-II Used to Evaluate Non-Islet Cell Tumor-induced Hypoglycemia (2002)

The possibility of quantifying pro-IGF-II by ELISA in plasma represents a potentially useful tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of NICTH and should facilitate further in vitro and in vivo studies on its regulation and function in humans.
Sequence and secondary structure of 5.8S rRNA in the tick,Ixodes scapularis (1992)

Journal Article Sequence and secondary structure of 5.8S rRNA in the tick, Ixodes scapularis Get access Dawn M. Wesson, Dawn M. Wesson Malaria Branch, Mailstop F12, Centers for Disease ControlAtlanta, GA 30333, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frank H. Collins Frank H. Collins Malaria Branch, Mailstop F12, Centers for Disease ControlAtlanta, GA 30333, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 5, 11 March 1992, Page 1139, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.5.1139 Published: 11 March 1992 Article history Accepted: 27 January 1992 Published: 11 March 1992