gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spared nerve injury: an animal model of persistent peripheral neuropathic pain (2000)

Peripheral neuropathic pain is produced by multiple etiological factors that initiate a number of diverse mechanisms operating at different sites and at different times and expressed both within, and across different disease states. Unraveling the mechanisms involved requires laboratory animal models that replicate as far as possible, the different pathophysiological changes present in patients. It is unlikely that a single animal model will include the full range of neuropathic pain mechanisms. A feature of several animal models of peripheral neuropathic pain is partial denervation. In the most frequently used models a mixture of intact and injured fibers is created by loose ligation of either the whole (Bennett GJ, Xie YK. A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man. Pain 1988;33:87-107) or a tight ligation of a part (Seltzer Z, Dubner R, Shir Y. A novel behavioral model of neuropathic pain disorders produced in rats by partial sciatic nerve injury. Pain 1990;43:205-218) of a large peripheral nerve, or a tight ligation of an entire spinal segmental nerve (Kim SH, Chung JM. An experimental model for peripheral neuropathy produced by segmental spinal nerve ligation in the rat. Pain 1992;50:355-363). We have developed a variant of partial denervation, the spared nerve injury model. This involves a lesion of two of the three terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (tibial and common peroneal nerves) leaving the remaining sural nerve intact. The spared nerve injury model differs from the Chung spinal segmental nerve, the Bennett chronic constriction injury and the Seltzer partial sciatic nerve injury models in that the co-mingling of distal intact axons with degenerating axons is restricted, and it permits behavioral testing of the non-injured skin territories adjacent to the denervated areas. The spared nerve injury model results in early (<24 h), prolonged (>6 months), robust (all animals are responders) behavioral modifications. The mechanical (von Frey and pinprick) sensitivity and thermal (hot and cold) responsiveness is increased in the ipsilateral sural and to a lesser extent saphenous territories, without any change in heat thermal thresholds. Crush injury of the tibial and common peroneal nerves produce similar early changes, which return, however to baseline at 7-9 weeks. The spared nerve injury model may provide, therefore, an additional resource for unraveling the mechanisms responsible for the production of neuropathic pain.
Paracrine stimulation of preadipocyte-enriched cell cultures by mature adipocytes (1996)

We developed a double-chamber system in which to examine the effects of mature adipocytes on the growth and differentiation of preadipocytes and other cells in the adipose tissue. In the present study we found that mature adipocytes from both lean and obese subjects release a factor that stimulates the growth of preadipocyte-enriched and dedifferentiated adipocyte-enriched cell cultures. This growth stimulation was dependent on both time of exposure to mature cells and the number of mature cells in the coculture. Proliferation of the preadipocyte-enriched (n = 4) and dedifferentiated adipocyte-enriched cultures (n = 5) in the presence of mature adipocytes from obese subjects [body mass index (BMI) > 35] was 4.1- and 2.9-fold more (P < 0.05) than that in the presence of adipocytes from lean subjects (BMI < or = 25). There was no difference in the growth of cultures enriched in preadipocytes or dedifferentiated adipocytes from lean or obese subjects in the absence of mature adipocytes. These observations demonstrate that mature adipocytes from obese patients stimulate the growth of preadipocyte-enriched cultures to a greater extent than those from lean individuals.
An integrated GaAs n-p-n-p thyristor/JFET memory cell exhibiting nondestructive read (1992)

An integrated GaAs n-p-n-p thyristor-junction field effect transistor (JFET) structure displays memory by storing charge on the thyristor reverse-biased junctions. The device can be electrically programmed and erased through a single terminal. A buried p-channel, which also functions as the thyristor anode, is used to read stored charge nondestructively over a small range of applied drain voltages (+or-1.5 V). Measured storage times exceeded 10 s at room temperature with an activation energy of approximately 0.6 eV.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Changes in Antimicrobial Resistance among Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates from Humans and Cattle in the Northwestern United States, 1982–1997 (1999)

We compared antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) of isolates from humans (n = 715) and cattle (n = 378) in the Pacific Northwest from 1982 through 1997. The major changes in antimicrobial resistance can be attributed to the widespread clonal dissemination of multidrug-resistant definitive phage type 104 ST.
A Test of Services Marketing Theory: Consumer Information Acquisition Activities (1991)

The author explores the information needs of service consumers. In the purchase decision process, search behavior is motivated in part by perceived risk and the consumer's ability to acquire relevant information with which purchase uncertainty can be addressed. Marketing theory suggests that consumers use information sources in a distinctive way to reduce the uncertainty associated with services. Hence, six hypotheses are developed to test the information acquisition of service buyers. An experimental approach is employed to compare, in a prepurchase context, the information sources used by consumers of services and those used by consumers of goods. The resulting data support the predictions offered and extend marketing theory.
Series elastic actuators (1995)

This publication can be retrieved by anonymous ftp to publications.ai.mit.edu. This thesis presents the design, construction, control and evaluation of a novel force controlled actuator. Traditional force controlled actuators are designed from the premise that \\Sti er is better&amp;quot;. This approach gives a high bandwidth system, prone to problems of contact instability, noise, and low power density. The actuator presented in this thesis is designed from the premise that \\Sti ness isn&amp;apos;t everything&amp;quot;. The actuator, which incorporates a series elastic element, trades o achievable bandwidth for gains in stable, low noise force control, and protection against shock loads. This thesis reviews related work in robot force control, presents theoretical descriptions of the control and expected performance from a series elastic actuator, and describes the design of a test actuator constructed to gather performance data. Finally the performance of the system is evaluated by comparing the performance data
Marijuana Abstinence Effects in Marijuana Smokers Maintained in Their Home Environment (2001)

This study validated several specific effects of marijuana abstinence in heavy marijuana users, and showed they were reliable and clinically significant. These withdrawal effects appear similar in type and magnitude to those observed in studies of nicotine withdrawal.
Blind source separation of audio signals using improved ICA method (2002)

Blind source separation (BSS) of independent sources from their convolutive mixtures is a problem in many real-world multi-sensor applications. In this paper, we propose an improved BSS method for audio signals based on ICA (independent component analysis) technique. It is performed by implementing non-causal filters instead of causal filters within the feedback network of the ICA based BSS method. It reduces the required length of the unmixing filters considerably as well as providing better results and faster convergence compared to the case with the conventional causal filters. The proposed method has been simulated and compared for real world audio signals.
Effect of Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Stress Response and Emergence Agitation after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Study (2017)

Background: Emergence agitation (EA) may develops during recovery from general anesthesia. It causes confusion, disorientation, and unpredictable behaviours. Surgical stress response activates the sympathetic nervous system and increase the release of catabolic hormones leading to prolonged hospital stay.
Objectives: We designed this study to assess the effect of different doses of intra-operative dexmedetomidine infusion on surgical stress response, emergence agitation and postoperative outcome.
Study design: A controlled double-blind study was conducted using a computer-generated randomization scheme.
Setting: The study was conducted in Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt.
Methods: 90 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned into three equal groups to receive intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion over 20 minutes before end of surgery. Group I received 1 μg/kg, group II received 0.75 μg/kg and group III received 0.5 μg/kg.
Results: We found that dexmedetomidine (0.5, 0.75 or 1 μg/kg) can decrease the incidence of EA when infused 20 minutes before skin closure in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in adults. Lower agitation scores, pain scores, cortisol and glucose levels were observed during the first 2 hours postoperatively with no serious complications.
Limitations: First, we think a larger number of patients may be needed to detect better comparison between different doses of dexmedetomidine in preventing EA and monitor possible complications. Second, we did not take in mind any other preoperative predisposing factors that may affect the incidence of EA especially anxiety or smoking. Finally, we did not use any monitoring for depth of anesthesia which has an important factor in the incidence of emergence agitation.
Conclusion: We conclude that low doses of dexmedetomidine infusion (0.5 μg/kg) over 20 minutes before skin closure are effective as higher doses (0.75 and 1 μg/kg) to decrease stress response and incidence of emergence agitation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in adults with less adverse effects.
Studies on Spiroheterocyclic Nitrogen Compounds. Part 1 : Synthesis of Some New Spiro Pyrazolines, Isoxazolines and Pyrimidinethiones Containing Benzanilide Moiety (1984)

Chemistry Department Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt <em>Manuscript received 6 September 1983, accepted 26 May 1984</em> Reaction of isatin with 4-acetylbenzanilide derivatives gave 3-hydroxy-3-(phenacyl-\(\mathcal{para}\)-substituted benzoylamino) oxindoles (2). Dehydration of (2) gave 3-(phenacyl-idene--substituted benzoylamino)-2-indolinones (3). Cyclocondensation of (3) with hydrazinehydrate, phenylhydrazine, phenylthiourea and hydroxylamine afforded newspiropyrazolines (4, 5), pyrimidinethiones (6) and isoxazolinones (7) containing benzanilide moiety. The structures of the final products were confirmed by spectral and micro analytical data.
Synergistic effects of interleukin-11 with other growth factors on the expansion of murine hematopoietic progenitors and maintenance of stem cells in liquid culture. (1994)

The effect of interleukin-11 (IL-11), alone and in combination with other hematopoietic growth factors, was studied in liquid suspension cultures of murine bone marrow. Stem and progenitor cell contents of input bone marrow 2 days after 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment (FU2dBM) and lineage-depleted, Sca-1-positive FU2dBM (Lin-Sca+Fu2dBM) were compared with output values obtained after 6 days in different growth factor combinations. Stem and progenitor cell recoveries were measured by long-term in vivo competitive repopulation, spleen colony-forming unit (CFU-S), and in vitro limiting dilution long-term bone marrow culture (cobblestone area-forming cell [CAFC]) assays. IL-11, IL-3, IL-6, and Steel factor (SF) were tested separately and in combinations of two, three, and four factors. IL-11 was incapable of maintaining the survival of stem or progenitor cells as a single agent but synergized with either IL-3 or SF to expand progenitor cell output in cultures of FU2dBM. IL-11 greatly enhanced progenitor cell expansion from FU2dBM when added to two- and three-factor combinations of SF, IL-3, and IL-6. The recovery of long-term repopulating ability was enhanced four-fold by incubation in SF plus IL-11 compared to SF alone. IL-11 in combination with SF, IL-3, and IL-6 stimulated a 24,000-fold expansion of progenitor cells from stem cell-enriched Lin-Sca+FU2dBM. Overall, the results indicate that IL-11 is a potent synergistic factor for stem cell proliferation and expansion of progenitors in liquid culture.
A gene (prsA) of Bacillus subtilis involved in a novel, late stage of protein export (1991)

A gene locus of Bacillus subtilis identified by mutations (prs) conferring a defect in protein secretion was cloned from a lambdaGEM-11 expression library. The sites of three closely linked prs mutations (prs-3, prs-29 and prs-40) were found to reside in a 5.3 kb DNA fragment, which also complemented the secretion defect in prs-3 and prs-29 mutants. Partial sequencing of the fragment showed that these three mutations affect one distinct gene (prsA) encoding a putative protein of 292 amino acids (33 kDa). Sequence analysis indicated the PrsA protein to be a lipoprotein located outside the cytoplasmic membrane. Thirty percent identity was shown to the PrtM protein of Lactococcus lactis, which is involved in the maturation of an exported proteinase. The phenotypes of prsA mutants and the structural similarity of PrsA with PrtM suggest that PrsA may have a novel function at a late phase in protein export.
Induction of Eph B3 after Spinal Cord Injury (1999)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats initiates a cascade of events producing a nonpermissive environment for axonal regeneration. This nonfavorable environment could be due to the expression of repulsive factors. The Eph receptor protein tyrosine kinases and their respective ligands (ephrins) are families of molecules that play a major role in axonal pathfinding and target recognition during central nervous system (CNS) development. Their mechanism of action is mediated by repellent forces between receptor and ligand. The possible role that these molecules play after CNS trauma is unknown. We hypothesized that an increase in the expression of Eph proteins and/or ephrins may be one of the molecular cues that restrict axonal regeneration after SCI. Rats received a contusive SCI at T10 and in situ hybridization studies 7 days posttrauma demonstrated: (i) a marked up-regulation of Eph B3 mRNA in cells located in the white matter at the lesion epicenter, but not rostral or caudal to the injury site, and (ii) an increase in Eph B3 mRNA in neurons in the ventral horn and intermediate zone of the gray matter, rostral and caudal to the lesion. Immunohistochemical analyses localizing Eph B3 protein were consistent with the mRNA results. Colocalization studies performed in injured animals demonstrated increased Eph B3 expression in white matter astrocytes and motor neurons of the gray matter. These results suggest that Eph B3 may contribute to the unfavorable environment for axonal regeneration after SCI.
Identification of a Novel HtrA1-susceptible Cleavage Site in Human Aggrecan (2009)

Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses performed on cartilage tissue extracts identified the serine protease HtrA1/PRSS11 as a major protein component of human articular cartilage, with elevated levels occurring in association with osteoarthritis. Overexpression of a catalytically active form of HtrA1, but not an active site mutant (S328A), caused a marked reduction in proteoglycan content in chondrocyte-seeded alginate cultures. Aggrecan degradation fragments were detected in conditioned media from the alginate cultures overexpressing active HtrA1. Incubation of native or recombinant aggrecan with wild type HtrA1 resulted in distinct cleavage of these substrates. Cleavage of aggrecan by HtrA1 was strongly enhanced by HtrA1 agonists such as CPII, a C-terminal hexapeptide derived from the C-propeptide of procollagen IIalpha1 (i.e. chondrocalcin). A novel HtrA1-susceptible cleavage site within the interglobular domain (IGD) of aggrecan was identified, and an antibody that specifically recognizes the neoepitope sequence (VQTV(356)) generated at the HtrA1 cleavage site was developed. Western blot analysis demonstrated that HtrA1-generated aggrecan fragments containing the VQTV(356) neoepitope were significantly more abundant in osteoarthritic cartilage compared with cartilage from healthy joints, implicating HtrA1 as a critical protease involved in proteoglycan turnover and cartilage degradation during degenerative joint disease.
ESTABLISHMENT OF AN IMMORTALIZED HUMAN-LIVER ENDOTHELIAL CELL LINE WITH SV40T AND hTERT (2004)

This study demonstrates the utility and efficiency of the reversible immortalization procedure to expand primary human LECs for basic studies.
Polylactide Vitrimers (2014)

While much research has been aimed at new approaches to the healing of cross-linked polymers, there is a dearth of effort in the healing of renewable cross-linked polymers. In this study, the healing ability of renewable polylactide-based vitrimers containing Sn(Oct)<sub>2</sub> was investigated. The vitrimers were prepared from hydroxyl-terminated star-shaped poly((±)-lactide) samples that were cross-linked with methylenediphenyl diisocyanate. Cross-linked samples were prepared with isocyanate:hydroxyl (IC:OH) ratios of 0.6:1 to 1.1:1 and initial catalyst:hydroxyl (Sn(Oct)<sub>2</sub>:OH) ratios ranging from 0.013:1 to 0.050:1. The plateau modulus and <i>T</i><sub>g</sub> values for the cross-linked samples decreased with decreasing IC:OH ratio. The materials were subjected to stress relaxation analyses, which confirmed that the materials not only were vitrimeric in nature but also exhibited remarkably short characteristic relaxation times of less than 50 s at 140 °C. Finally, vitrimers fractured in uniaxial tensile testing were healed by compression molding and exhibited up to 67% recovery of ultimate elongation, up to 102% recovery of tensile strength, and up to 133% recovery of tensile modulus values.
Controlled and localized genetic manipulation in the brain (2006)

Brain structure and function are determined in part through experience and in part through our inherited genes. A powerful approach for unravelling the balance between activity-dependent neuronal plasticity and genetic programs is to directly manipulate the genome. Such molecular genetic studies have been greatly aided by the remarkable progress of large-scale genome sequencing efforts. Sophisticated mouse genetic manipulations allow targeted point-mutations, deletions and additions to the mouse genome. These can be regulated through inducible promoters expressing in genetically specified neuronal cell types. However, despite significant progress it remains difficult to target specific brain regions through transgenesis alone. Recent work suggests that transduction vectors, like lentiviruses and adeno-associated viruses, may provide suitable additional tools for localized and controlled genetic manipulation. Furthermore, studies with such vectors may aid the development of human genetic therapies for brain diseases.
Recent developments in the chemical synthesis of polynucleotides (1982)

Journal Article Recent developments in the chemical synthesis of polynucleotides Get access Eiko Ohtsuka, Eiko Ohtsuka 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Morio Ikehara, Morio Ikehara 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dieter Söll Dieter Söll 2Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT 06511, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 10, Issue 21, 11 November 1982, Pages 6553–6570, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/10.21.6553 Published: 11 November 1982 Article history Received: 11 August 1982 Revision received: 22 September 1982 Accepted: 23 September 1982 Published: 11 November 1982
Review of recurrent polyps and cancer in 500 patients with initial colonoscopy for polyps (1988)

Five hundred patients with 1240 polyps removed by colonoscopy and polypectomy over a 13-year period are the subject of ongoing follow-up study. Ninety-three percent of the patients have been followed an average of 53 months with a recurrence rate of polypoid disease in 26 percent, of which approximately 7 percent demonstrated malignant changes. This compares to a rate of 7 percent metachronous cancer in patients with a malignancy demonstrated at any time in the past. The highest risk group for recurrence are patients with more than four polyps at initial colonoscopy, with a 59 percent recurrence rate. The following recommendations for follow-up are made: 1) Flexible sigmoidoscopy is adequate yearly follow-up if the original polyps are confined to the rectum and sigmoid. 2) Colonoscopy should be carried out the first year if the original polyps are beyond the rectum and sigmoid, and yearly until the colon is cleared of recurring lesions. 3) Colonoscopy is indicated in patients with cancer before surgery if possible; if not, within six months after resection. 4) Interval six-month examinations are indicated in patients with colon cancer and multiple synchronous polyps until the colon is cleared. 5) Large, sessile polyps resected piecemeal require a three-month follow-up until gone. 6) When the above conditions are met, colonoscopy at three-year intervals is adequate for long-term follow-up of neoplastic polyps to detect and prevent early malignancy.
The Influence of Carbonate on the Atomic Structure and Reactivity of Hydroxyapatite (1981)

A series of synthetic carbonated and non-carbonated apatites was investigated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and their dissolution behavior was tested under sink conditions, using the rotating disc method. n-Beam lattice images of the apatite samples were of a resolution greater than has been previously reported, and revealed an increase in crystalline disorder with the incorporation of carbonate in the apatite structure. This resulted in an increased rate of dissolution and a decreased activation energy for dissolution for the carbonated apatites. Thus, carbonate increased the reactivity of hydroxyapatite.
The MARTINI Force Field:  Coarse Grained Model for Biomolecular Simulations (2007)

We present an improved and extended version of our coarse grained lipid model. The new version, coined the MARTINI force field, is parametrized in a systematic way, based on the reproduction of partitioning free energies between polar and apolar phases of a large number of chemical compounds. To reproduce the free energies of these chemical building blocks, the number of possible interaction levels of the coarse-grained sites has increased compared to those of the previous model. Application of the new model to lipid bilayers shows an improved behavior in terms of the stress profile across the bilayer and the tendency to form pores. An extension of the force field now also allows the simulation of planar (ring) compounds, including sterols. Application to a bilayer/cholesterol system at various concentrations shows the typical cholesterol condensation effect similar to that observed in all atom representations.
Offspring of Normal and Diabetic Rats Fed Saturated Fat in Pregnancy Demonstrate Vascular Dysfunction (1998)

A high-fat diet in pregnancy led to vascular dysfunction in rat weanlings and young adult offspring. Vascular function further deteriorated in weanlings if the maternal rat was diabetic.