gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assay for the simultaneous determination of guanidinoacetic acid, creatinine and creatine in plasma and urine by capillary electrophoresis UV‐detection (2006)

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) measurement has recently become of great interest for the diagnosis of creatine (Cn) metabolism disorders, and research calls for rapid and inexpensive methods for its detection in plasma and urine in order to assess a large number of patients. We propose a new assay for the measurement of GAA by a simple CZE UV-detection without previous sample derivatization. Plasma samples were filtered by Microcon-10 microconcentrators and directly injected into the capillary, while for urine specimens a simple water dilution before injection was needed. A baseline separation was obtained in less than 8 min using a 60.2 cm x 75 microm uncoated silica capillary, 75 mmol/L Tris-phosphate buffer pH 2.25 at 15 degrees C. The performance of the developed method was assessed by measuring plasma creatinine and Cn in 32 normal subjects and comparing the data obtained by the new method with those found with the previous CE assay. Our new method seems to be an inexpensive, fast and specific tool to assess a large number of patients both in clinical and in research laboratories.
Diverticular Disease in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Due to Polycystic Kidney Disease (1980)

Twelve patients with chronic renal failure and polycystic kidney disease represent 8% of the 151 hemodialysis patients followed up at the Chromalloy American Kidney Center, Washington University School of Medicine. Ten (83%) of these patients have diverticulosis, and four of these patients developed gross colonic perforation secondary to diverticulitis. Barium enemas on 31 chronic renal failure patients without polycystic kidney disease revealed diverticulosis in 10 (32%). None had diverticulitis. Barium enemas in 120 age-matched non-renal failure control patients revealed diverticulosis in 45 (38%). None had diverticulitis. These findings suggest that patients with chronic renal failure due to polycystic kidney disease have a high incidence of diverticulosis and diverticulitis, that diverticulosis occurs in patients with chronic renal failure without polycystic kidney disease at a rate similar to that in the general population, and that diverticulitis should be an initial consideration in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in patients with polycystic kidney disease.
The efficacy of donepezil in two cases with alcoholinduced Korsakoff?s Syndrome - (2008)

According to DSM-IV, amnestic disorder, known as “Alcohol Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder” and classically known as “Wernicke Encephalopathy” or “Korsakoff’s Syndrome” is an important clinical condition because of the poor nutrition most commonly associated with chronic alcohol abuse. Donepezil, a primarily peripheric and central acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor, increases acetylcholine concentration in cholinergic synapses and can improve symptoms of amnesia. In this article, we present two cases with “Alcohol Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder” and depressive disorder treated by donepezil, who have shown improvement in cognitive functions. The patients were followed up with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and clinical observation. In both of the cases, donepezil was added to the antidepressant drug treatment and improvement in cognitive function was noted together with improvement in depressive symptoms. In the first case standard MMSE score increased by 18 points to 26; in the second case by 16 points to 28. Large-scale prospective, doubleblind, placebo controlled studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of donepezil in Alcohol Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder. Alkole bağlı oluşan “Korsakoff Sendromlu” iki olguda donepezil’in etkinliği Klasik olarak Wernicke Ensefalopatisi (WE) ve Korsakoff Sendromu (KS) olarak bilinen klinik tablolar DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre “Alkolün Yol Açtığı Kalıcı Amnestik Bozukluk” olarak adlandırılmakta olup kronik alkol kullanımının neden olduğu beslenme yetersizliğine bağlı tiamin eksikliği sonucu gelişen önemli klinik durumlardır. KS tedavisinde kullanılan yaklaşımlardan birisi de kolinerjik aktiviteyi artırmaya yönelik ilaçlardır. Donepezil merkezi ve periferik asetilkolinesterazı n geri dönüşlü inhibitörüdür ve kolinerjik sinapslarda asetilkolin konsantrasyonunu artırarak amnezi belirtilerini iyileştirebilmektedir. Bu yazıda DSM-IV tanı ölçütlerine göre Alkolün Yol Açtığı Kalıcı Amnestik Bozukluk ve Tekrarlayıcı Depresif Bozukluk tanıları konan ve donepezil ekleme tedavisi ile bilişsel yetilerinde iyileşme gözlenen iki olgu sunulmuştur. Olgular Hamilton Depresyon Derecelendirme Ölçeğ i (HDDÖ), Standardize Mini Mental Test (SMMT) sonuçları ve klinik gözlem ile izlenmiştir. Her iki olguda da antidepresan tedaviye donepezil eklenmiş, depresif belirtilerdeki iyileşmenin yanında bilişsel işlevlerde de belirgin düzenleme gözlenmiştir. Birinci olguda SMMT de- ğerleri 18’den 26’a, ikinci olguda ise SMMT değerleri 16’dan 28’e yükselmiştir. Donepezil’in alkolün yol açtığı kalıcı amnestik bozuklukta etkinliğ inin anlaşılması için ileriye dönük çift kör plasebo kontrollü çalışmaları n yapılması gerekmektedir.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF DIVING TO DEPTH: Birds and Mammals (1998)

There is wide diversity in the animals that dive to depth and in the distribution of their body oxygen stores. A hallmark of animals diving to depth is a substantial elevation of muscle myoglobin concentration. In deep divers, more than 80% of the oxygen store is in the blood and muscles. How these oxygen stores are managed, particularly within muscle, is unclear. The aerobic endurance of four species has now been measured. These measurements provide a standard for other species in which the limits cannot be measured. Diving to depth requires several adaptations to the effects of pressure. In mammals, one adaptation is lung collapse at shallow depths, which limits absorption of nitrogen. Blood N2 levels remain below the threshold for decompression sickness. No such adaptive model is known for birds. There appear to be two diving strategies used by animals that dive to depth. Seals, for example, seldom rely on anaerobic metabolism. Birds, on the other hand, frequently rely on anaerobic metabolism to exploit prey-rich depths otherwise unavailable to them.
Genetic Variability and Association of Traits in Mutant Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Submergence Tolerance (2019)

Present investigation was carried out with 240 mutant lines developed from different combination of gamma rays and ethyl methyl sulfonate on three rice varieties i.e FR13A, FR13B and Labella along with three untreated checks (FR13A, FR13B and Labella). These were evaluated for their survival percentage under submerged condition and yield potential along with 9 other morpho-physiological traits using Type 2 modified augmented design during Kharif season of 2017 in the agroclimatic region of north bihar, India. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the mutant lines for all morpho-physiological characters under study. Higher magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance as percentage of mean were observed for number of tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, relative shoot elongation and survival percentage, indicating that these traits could be used as selection indices for yield improvement and submergence tolerance. Association study revealed that number of tillers per plant and survival percentage had significant positive high to moderate direct association with grain yield per plant under submergence condition. Thus, these traits may be used as selection criteria in further crop improvement programmes for submergence tolerance.
Biochemical characterization of the T-cell alloantigen RT-6.2. (1986)

This study presents the partial molecular characterization of the alloantigenic rat T-cell marker RT-6. In contrast to most lymphocyte surface membrane proteins, RT-6 proved to be resistant to short-term (15 min) solubilization by TX-100 at 4 degrees, but could be efficiently solubilized by long-term (16 hr) exposure at 4 degrees or short-term (15 min) exposure at 37 degrees. SDS-PAGE analyses of RT-6.2 immunoprecipitates under non-reducing conditions revealed two bands with apparent molecular weights of 21,000 and 24,000 (25,000 and 28,000 under reducing conditions). Radiolabelled sugars failed to be incorporated metabolically into RT-6.2, neither endoglycosidase-F and 0-glycanase digestion nor NaOH treatment caused any detectable decrease in the molecular weight of RT-6.2, and RT-6.2 failed to bind to any of a series of agarose-coupled lectins with a wide of sugar-binding specificities. These observations suggest that RT-6.2 may lack carbohydrate moieties.
Chemical and immunological characterization of the extracellular galactomannan of Aspergillus fumigatus (1994)

The galactomannan (GM) produced extracellularly by Aspergillus fumigatus has been purified by a double sequential hydrazine-nitrous acid treatment of the ethanol precipitate of the culture filtrate. Nuclear magnetic resonance and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis have been performed on intact GM, acid-hydrolyzed GM, and oligomers resulting from the acetolysis of the acid-hydrolyzed GM. Results show that A. fumigatus GM is composed of a linear mannan core with an alpha-(1-2)-linked mannotetraose repeating unit attached via alpha-(1-6) linkage. Side chains composed of an average of 4 to 5 beta-(1-5)-galactofuranose units are linked to C-6 and C-3 positions of alpha-(1-2)-linked mannose units of the mannan. The immunoreactivity of GM and HCl-hydrolyzed GM was studied by use of human sera from aspergillosis patients and an antigalactofuran monoclonal antibody. The alpha-(1-2) (1-6)-mannan core is not antigenic. The immunogenic galactofuran is found amongst several exocellular glycoproteins. According to a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with GM as the detector antigen, only 26% of the serum samples from aspergilloma patients (all positive by immunodiffusion assays) give optical density values superior to a cutoff estimated as the mean +/- 3 standard deviations of values obtained with control sera.
Professional Roller Hockey Injuries (2000)

Results of this study demonstrate that roller hockey produces a higher rate of both contact and noncontact injuries than ice hockey; this contradicts the findings of the only other published research study on injuries in roller versus ice hockey. This increased incidence of injury may be due in part to the differences in surfaces, and can prove hazardous to even the recreational roller hockey player or in-line skater.
Cognate DNA Binding Specificity Retained After Leucine Zipper Exchange Between GCN4 and C/EBP (1989)

Both C/EBP and GCN4 are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that control gene expression. Recent evidence implicates C/EBP as a transcriptional regulator of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. The C/EBP protein binds avidly to the dyad symmetric sequence 5'-ATTGCGCAAT-3'; GCN4 regulates the transcription of genes that control amino acid biosynthesis in yeast, and binds avidly to the dyad symmetric sequence 5'-ATGA(G/C)TCAT-3'. Both C/EBP and GCN4 bind DNA via the same structural motif. This motif has been predicted to be bipartite, consisting of a dimerization interface termed the "leucine zipper" and a DNA contact surface termed the "basic region." Specificity of DNA binding has been predicted to be imparted by the basic region. As a test of this hypothesis, recombinant proteins were created wherein the basic regions and leucine zippers of GCN4 and C/EBP were reciprocally exchanged. In both of the recombinant polypeptides, DNA binding specificity is shown to track with the basic region.
Rapid determination of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences for phylogenetic analyses. (1985)

Although the applicability of small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequences for bacterial classification is now well accepted, the general use of these molecules has been hindered by the technical difficulty of obtaining their sequences. A protocol is described for rapidly generating large blocks of 16S rRNA sequence data without isolation of the 16S rRNA or cloning of its gene. The 16S rRNA in bulk cellular RNA preparations is selectively targeted for dideoxynucleotide-terminated sequencing by using reverse transcriptase and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide primers complementary to universally conserved 16S rRNA sequences. Three particularly useful priming sites, which provide access to the three major 16S rRNA structural domains, routinely yield 800-1000 nucleotides of 16S rRNA sequence. The method is evaluated with respect to accuracy, sensitivity to modified nucleotides in the template RNA, and phylogenetic usefulness, by examination of several 16S rRNAs whose gene sequences are known. The relative simplicity of this approach should facilitate a rapid expansion of the 16S rRNA sequence collection available for phylogenetic analyses.
Synthesis of Functionalized Organotrifluoroborates via Halomethyltrifluoroborates (2006)

[reaction: see text] Potassium bromo- and iodomethyltrifluoroborates have been prepared via in situ reaction of n-BuLi with dibromo- and diiodomethane, respectively, in the presence of trialkyl borates, followed by treatment with KHF(2). Moreover, a new synthetic method for the preparation of potassium organotrifluoroborates through nucleophilic substitution of the halide in these potassium halomethyltrifluoroborates is described.
Engineered Metal Regulation of Trypsin Specificity (1995)

Histidine substrate specificity has been engineered into trypsin by creating metal binding sites for Ni2+ and Zn2+ ions. The sites bridge the substrate and enzyme on the leaving-group side of the scissile bond. Application of simple steric and geometric criteria to a crystallographically derived enzyme-substrate model suggested that histidine specificity at the P2' position might be achieved by a tridentate site involving amino acid residues 143 and 151 of trypsin. Trypsin N143H/E151H hydrolyzes a P2'-His-containing peptide (AGPYAHSS) exclusively in the presence of nickel or zinc with a high level of catalytic efficiency. Since cleavage following the tyrosine residue is normally highly disfavored by trypsin, this result demonstrates that a metal cofactor can be used to modulate specificity in a designed fashion. The same geometric criteria applied in the primary S1 binding pocket suggested that the single-site mutation D189H might effect metal-dependent His specificity in trypsin. However, kinetic and crystallographic analysis of this variant showed that the design was unsuccessful because His189 rotates away from substrate causing a large perturbation in adjacent surface loops. This observation suggests that the reason specificity modification at the trypsin S1 site requires extensive mutagenesis is because the pocket cannot deform locally to accommodate alternate P1 side chains. By taking advantage of the extended subsites, an alternate substrate specificity has been engineered into trypsin.
[3 linkage groups of the genes of riboflavin biosynthesis in Escherichia coli]. (1983)

Using transposon Tn5 inactivation technology a collection of Escherichia coli mutants defective in riboflavine biosynthesis was obtained. All mutations were distributed within three linkage groups. With the help of P1-transduction mapping, group I mutations (ribA locus) were localized near cysB locus (28 min of the standard 100 min E. coli map) and mutations of group II (ribB locus) were mapped near tolC locus (66 min). The location of group III mutations was approximately determined by the F' complementation analysis: this linkage group lies in the region of 56-60 min of the E. coli map.
The heat resistance of ascospores of four Saccharomyces spp. isolated from spoiled heat‐processed soft drinks and fruit products (1982)

The heat resistance ( D and z values) of four Saccharomyces spp., viz. S. bailii, S. cerevisiae, S. chevalieri, S. uvarum , was investigated by a previously described method (Put et al. 1977). The highest heat resistance was observed in ascospores of S. cerevisiae 175 showing a decimal reduction time or death rate constant at 60°C of 22.5 minutes. The average D 60°C values of the remaining species were: S. bailii 10 min; S. chevalieri 13 min; and S. uvarum 1.5 min; while z values varied between 4.0 and 6.5°C. It can be postulated that there may exist some comparison between the mechanism of yeast ascospore and bacterial endospore heat resistance. However, (i) washed Saccharomyces ascospores cannot be stored at 5°C for a longer period than 2–3 weeks without loss of heat resistance; and (ii) ascospore heat survival curves are essentially not linear over the whole range, which may be due to some heterogeneity of the ascospore population tested. Besides, it was observed that the heat resistance ( D 60°C values) of the Saccharomyces ascospores proved to be 50–150‐fold higher than the D 60°C values of the corresponding vegetative cells.
The Effect of First Ray Shortening in the Development of Metatarsalgia in the Second through Fourth Rays after Metatarsal Osteotomy (2007)

Excessive shortening of the first metatarsal should be avoided to decrease the occurrence of postoperative transfer metatarsalgia. We found a greater patient satisfaction with foot alignment in patients who had a greater decrease in the hallux valgus angle and less shortening of the first ray.
Skin optics (1989)

Quantitative dosimetry in the treatment of skin disorders with (laser) light requires information on propagation of light in the skin related to the optical properties of the individual skin layers. This involves the solution of the integro-differential equation of radiative transfer in a model representing skin geometry, as well as experimental methods to determine the optical properties of each skin layer. These activities are unified under the name skin optics. This paper first reviews the current status of tissue optics, distinguishing between the cases of: dominant absorption, dominant scattering, and scattering about equal to absorption. Then, previously published data as well as some current unpublished data on (human) stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis, have been collected and/or (re)analyzed in terms of absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, and anisotropy factor of scattering. The results are that the individual skin layers show strongly forward scattering (anisotropy factors between 0.7 and 0.9). The absorption and scattering data show that for all wavelengths considered scattering is much more important than absorption. Under such circumstances, solutions to the transport equation for a multilayer skin model and finite beam laser irradiation are currently not yet available. Hence, any quantitative dosimetry for skin treated with (laser) light is currently lacking.
Polybenzimidazoles for High Temperature Fuel Cell Applications (2004)

Abstract Summary: Fuel cells were designed for high temperature operations. Poly[2,2′‐( m ‐phenylene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole] (PBI) was synthesized in a solution of P 2 O 5 , CH 3 SO 3 H, and CF 3 SO 3 H. The PBI was dissolved in a mixture of CF 3 CO 2 H and H 3 PO 4 and the solution was used for the preparation of Pt catalyst slurry for membrane electrode assembly. The single cell showed a current density of 280 mA · cm −2 at a cell voltage of 0.5 V with feeds of H 2 and O 2 at 160 °C and without external humidification. magnified image
The Dynamic Chemistry of Molecular Borromean Rings and Solomon Knots (2010)

The dynamic solution equilibria between molecular Borromean rings (BRs) and Solomon knots (SKs), assembled from transition metal-templated macrocycles, consisting of exo-bidentate bipyridyl and endo-tridentate diiminopyridyl ligands, have been examined with respect to the choice of the metal template and reaction conditions employed in the synthesis of the metalated BRs, otherwise known as Borromeates. Three new Borromeates, their syntheses templated by Cu(II), Co(II), and Mn(II), have been characterized extensively (two by X-ray crystallography) to the extent that the metal centers in the assemblies have been shown to be distanced sufficiently from each other not to communicate. The solid-state structure of the Co(II)-Borromeate reveals that six MeOH molecules, arranged in a [O--H...O] hydrogen bonded, chair-like conformation, are located within its oxophilic central cavity. When a mixture of Cu(II) and Zn(II) is used as the source of templation, there exists a dynamic equilibrium, in MeOH at room temperature, between a mixed-metal BR and a SK, from which the latter has been fractionally crystallized. By employing appropriate synthetic protocols with Zn(II) or Cd(II) as the template, significant amounts of SKs are formed alongside BRs. Modified crystallization conditions resulted in the isolation of both an all-zinc BR and an all-zinc SK, crystals of which can be separated manually, leading to the full characterization of the all-zinc SK by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. This doubly interlocked [2]catenate has been identified retrospectively in recorded spectra, where it was attributed previously to a Borromeate with a Zn(II) cation coordinated to the oxophilic interior walls of the ensemble. Interestingly, these Zn(II)-templated assemblies do not interconvert in MeOH at room temperature, indicating the significant influence of both the metal template and solvent on the solution equilibria. It would also appear that d(10) metal ions favor SK formation-no evidence of Cu(II)-, Co(II)-, or Mn(II)-templated SKs has been found, yet a 1:0.9 ratio of BR:SK has been identified by (1)H NMR spectroscopy when Cd(II) is used as the template.
Stimulation of oxytocin release in the lactating rat by central excitatory amino acid mechanisms: evidence for specific involvement of R,S-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid-sensitive glutamate receptors. (1993)

To examine whether an excitatory amino acid (EAA) neurotransmitter may influence the secretion of oxytocin (OT), agonists and antagonists selective for three major groups of EAA receptors were microinjected into the area of right supraoptic nucleus (SON) of conscious unrestrained lactating rats. An increase in plasma OT concentration was induced by the EAA receptor agonist R,S-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) and kainic acid, but not by agonists at other EAA receptors, such as N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) or the metabotropic agonist (1S,3R)-1-amino-cyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid. Increasing AMPA doses between 0.1-0.8 nmol/SON progressively increased the percentage of animals showing OT discharges to 100% at the highest dose, whereas the responding animals showed similar elevations of plasma OT regardless of dose. OT release induced by intra-SON AMPA was prevented by treatment with the selective non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, but not by antagonists of the NMDA receptor. Administration of this antagonist in the third ventricle blocked the release of OT and PRL induced by suckling. The L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist nimodipine and the Na+ channel inhibitor 3-amino-N-(aminoiminomethyl)5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)6-chloropyra zinecarboxamide produced an additive blockade of AMPA-induced OT release, whereas the N-type Ca2+ channel-preferring antagonist omega-conotoxin GVIA had no effect. These findings suggest that an EAA, most likely glutamate, participates in the physiological regulation of OT release in the lactating rat via actions at an AMPA/kainate receptor subtype that gates Na+ and Ca2+.
[Preparation of high-purity and safe autologous plasmin and its clinical application]. (2003)

Vitreous detachment is considered to be induced safely and consistently by injection of plasmin prepared using a protein denaturation suppressor and activated with urokinase. This method is expected to be of clinical value.