gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooperative signaling through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nuclear factor-κB pathways in subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2007)

The activated B cell-like (ABC) subgroup of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by constitutive activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway. In this study, we showed that the NF-kappaB pathway induced the expression of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in ABC DLBCL cell lines, which also have high levels of total and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 protein, suggesting autocrine signaling. Using RNA interference for STAT3, we defined a gene expression signature of IL-6 and IL-10 signaling through STAT3. Based on this signature, we constructed a molecular predictor of STAT3 signaling that defined a subset of ABC DLBCL tumors with high expression of STAT3, IL-6, and/or IL-10 and their downstream targets. Although the STAT3-high and STAT3-low subsets had equivalent expression of genes that distinguish ABC DLBCL from germinal center B cell-like DLBCL, STAT3-high ABC DLBCLs had higher expression of signatures that reflected NF-kappaB activity, proliferation, and glycolysis. A small-molecule inhibitor of Janus kinase signaling, which blocked STAT3 signature expression, was toxic only for ABC DLBCL lines and synergized with an inhibitor of NF-kappaB signaling. These findings suggest that the biological interplay between the STAT3 and NF-kappaB pathways may be exploited for the treatments of a subset of ABC DLBCLs.
Annual Summary of Vital Statistics: 2013–2014 (2017)

The number of births in the United States increased by 1% between 2013 and 2014, to a total of 3 988 076. The general fertility rate rose 1% to 62.9 births per 1000 women. The total fertility rate also rose 0.3% in 2014, to 1862.5 births per 1000 women. The teenage birth rate fell to another historic low in 2014, 24.2 births per 1000 women. The percentage of all births to unmarried women declined to 40.2% in 2014, from 40.6% in 2013. In 2014, the cesarean delivery rate declined to 32.2% from 32.7% in 2013. The preterm birth rate declined for the seventh straight year in 2014 to 9.57%; the low birth weight rate was unchanged at 8.00%. The infant mortality rate decreased to a historic low of 5.82 infant deaths per 1000 live births in 2014. The age-adjusted death rate for 2014 was 7.2 deaths per 1000 population, down 1% from 2013. Crude death rates for children aged 1 to 19 years did not change significantly between 2013 and 2014. Unintentional injuries and suicide were, respectively, the first and second leading causes of death in this age group. These 2 causes of death jointly accounted for 46.5% of all deaths to children and adolescents in 2014.
Light-Induced Conformational Changes of Cyanobacterial Phytochrome Cph1 Probed by Limited Proteolysis and Autophosphorylation (2004)

Photoreceptor chromoproteins undergo light-induced conformational changes that result in a modulation of protein interaction and enzymatic activity. Bacterial phytochromes such as Cph1 from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 are light-regulated histidine kinases in which the light signal is transferred from the N-terminal chromophore module to the C-terminal kinase module. In this study, purified recombinant Cph1 was subjected to limited proteolysis using trypsin and endoproteinase Glu-C (V8). Cleavage sites of chromopeptide fragments were determined by MALDI-TOF and micro-HPLC on-line with tandem mass spectrometry in an ion trap mass spectrometer. Trypsin produced three major chromopeptides, termed F1 (S56 to R520), F2 (T64 to R472), and F3 (L81 to R472). F1 was produced only in the far-red absorbing form Pfr within 15 min and remained stable up to >1 h; F2 and F3 were obtained in the red-light absorbing form Pr within ca. 5-10 min. When F1 was photoconverted to Pr in the presence of trypsin, this fragment degraded to F2 and F3 within 1-2 min. On size exclusion chromatography, F1 eluted as a dimer in the Pfr and as a monomer in the Pr form, whereas F2 and F3 behaved always as monomers, irrespective of the light conditions. These and other results are discussed in the context of light-dependent subunit interactions, in which amino acids 473-520 within the PHY domain are required for chromophore-module subunit interaction within the homodimer. V8 proteolysis yielded five major chromopeptides, F4 (T17 to N449), F5 (T17 to E335), F6 (T17 to E323), F7 (unknown sequence), and F8 (tentatively L121 to E323). F6 and F8 were formed in the Pr form, whereas F4, F5, and F7 were preferentially formed in the Pfr form. Three amino acids next to specific cleavage sites, R520, R472, and E323, were altered by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutants were analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and autophosphorylation. Histidine kinase activity was low in R472A, R520P, and R520A; in all mutants, the ratio of phosphorylation intensity between Pr and Pfr was reduced. Thus, light regulation of autophosphorylation is negatively affected in all mutants. In R472P, E323P, and E323D, the phosphorylation intensity of the Pfr form exceeded that of the wild-type control. This result shows that the histidine kinase activity of Cph1 is actively inhibited by photoconversion into Pfr.
Human machine interaction via the transfer of power and information signals (1989)

Robot manipulators are designed to perform tasks which would otherwise be executed by a human operator. No manipulator can even approach the speed and accuracy with which humans execute these tasks. But manipulators have the capability to exceed human ability in one particular area; strength. Through any reasonable observation and experience, the human&amp;apos;s ability to perform a variety of physical tasks is limited not by his1 intelligence, but by his physical strength. If, in the appropriate environment, we can more closely integrate the mechanical power of a machine with intellectually driven human hand under the supervisory control of the human&amp;apos;s intellect, we will then have a system which is superior to a loosely-integrated combination of a human and his fully automated robot as in the present day robotic systems. We must therefore develop a fundamental approach to the problem of this &amp;quot;extending &amp;quot; human mechanical power in certain environments. &amp;quot;Extenders &amp;quot; will be a class of robots worn by humans to increase human mechanical ability, while the wearer&amp;apos;s intellect remains the central intelligent control system for manipulating the extender. The human body, in physical contact with the extender, exchanges information si~als and Dower with the extender.
Synthesis and adenosine receptor affinity of a series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogs of 1-methylisoguanosine (1991)

Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines are pyrazolo analogues of purines. They have been shown to be a general class of compounds which exhibit A1 adenosine receptor affinity. Two series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogues of 1-methylisoguanosine have been synthesized. The first involved substitution of the N1-position while the second involved substitution of the N5-position. Both alkyl and aryl substituents were examined. All compounds were tested for A1 adenosine receptor affinity by using a (R)-[3H]-N6-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine binding assay. The 3-chlorophenyl group showed the greatest activity in the N1-position and the butyl group produced the greatest activity in the N5-position. Combination of the best substituent in each of these positions enhanced the overall activity. The most potent compound was 4-amino-5-N-butyl-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6(5H)- one with an IC50 of 6.4 x 10(-6) M. Selectivity at the receptor subclasses was examined by performing an A2 adenosine receptor affinity assay with [3H]CGS 21680. This series of compounds were slightly less potent at A2 receptors. 4-Amino-5-N-butyl-1-(3-chlorophenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6(5H)-one was the most potent compound with an IC50 of 19.2 x 10(-6) M.
Cough sound analysis and objective correlation with spirometry and clinical diagnosis (2020)

In India, there are 100 million people who suffer from various respiratory problems; globally it is about 1–1.2 billion. The main problem attributed to the prevalence of respiratory diseases is lack of cost-effective and lab-free methods for early diagnosis. Spirometry is the standard clinical test procedure for detection of respiratory problems, but it requires repetition, and is also expensive and not available in rural areas. Cough sounds carry vital information about the respiratory system and the pathologies involved. Through this study, we detail how a combination of standard signal processing features and domain-specific features play a key role in distinguishing cough patterns. We could establish a relationship between cough pattern and respiratory conditions including widened airway, narrowed airway, fluid filled air sacs, and stiff lungs. Further, cough sound characteristics are correlated to the airflow parameters of spirometry. Our results show strong correlation of cough sound characteristics with airflow characteristics including FEV1, FVC and their ratios, which are important in identifying the type of lung diseases as either obstructive (obstruction in airway) or restrictive (restricts lung expansion). We have constructed a machine learning model to predict obstructive versus restrictive pattern, and validated it using K-fold cross-validation based on ground truth data. With a pattern prediction accuracy of 91.97%, sensitivity of 87.2%, and specificity of 93.69%, our results are encouraging.
Surface segregation and self-stratification in blends of spin-cast polyfluorene derivatives (2005)

We have used helium-3 nuclear reaction analysis to study the morphology of spin-cast blends of poly(9,-dioctylfluorene) (F8) and poly(9,-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) as a function of composition, casting solvent, and initial solvent concentration. In blends cast from toluene, a surface segregated layer is observed for a broad range of F8 compositions. The surface excess has a maximum of nm at an F8 volume fraction ϕ = 0.5, dropping down to –2 nm for ϕ = 0.2 and 0.8. The existence of such surface segregated layers could play an important role in charge transport in optoelectronic devices made from blends of conjugated polymers. Films cast from chloroform show negligible surface segregation. Scanning probe microscopy experiments show that films cast from toluene exhibit significant in-plane structure, in contrast to those cast from chloroform, which show minimal lateral structure.
Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks 2012 (2010)

Parametric Modeling with SolidWorks 2012 contains a series of sixteen tutorial style lessons designed to introduce SolidWorks 2012, solid modeling and parametric modeling techniques and concepts. This book introduces SolidWorks 2012 on a step-by-step basis starting with constructing basic shapes all the way through to the creation of assembly drawings and motion analysis. This book takes a hands-on, exercise-intensive approach to all the important Parametric Modeling techniques and concepts. Each lesson introduces a new set of commands and concepts, building on previous lessons. The lessons guide the user from constructing basic shapes to building intelligent solid models, assemblies and creating multi-view drawings. This book also covers some of the more advanced features of SolidWorks 2012 including how to use the SolidWorks Design Library, basic motion analysis, collision detection and analysis with SimulationXpress. The exercises in this book cover the performance tasks that are included on the Certified SolidWorks Associate (CSWA) Examination. Reference guides located at the front of the book and in each chapter show where these performance tasks are covered. Table of Contents Certified SolidWorks Associate (CSWA) Exam Overview 1. Getting started 2. Parametric Modeling Fundamentals 3. Constructive Solid Geometry Concepts 4. Feature Design Tree 5. Geometric Relations Fundamentals 6. Geometric Construction Tools 7. Parent Child Relationships and the BORN Technique 8. Part Drawings and Associative Functionality 9. Reference Geometry and Auxiliary Views 10. Symmetrical Features in Designs 11. Advanced 3D Construction Tools 12. Sheet Metal Designs 13. Assembly Modeling - Putting it all Together 14. Design Library and Basic Motion Study 15. Design Analysis with SimulationXpress 16. CSWA Exam Preparation 17. Assembly Modeling with the LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT Set Index
An adaptive array in a spread-spectrum communication system (1978)

This paper describes the integration of an LMS adaptive array into a pseudonoise (PN) coded biphase modulated communication system. The paper explains how these systems my be combined and presents a systems overview of the interaction between the adaptive array and the signaling waveform. An experimental system is described, and typical performance results are presented. The hybrid system requires only very modest spectrum-spreading ratios, such as 5:1, for the adaptive array to null interference. The combined system provides the interference protection of the adaptive array during the code timing acquisition phase as well as after code lockup.
Bayesian Modality Fusion: Probabilistic Integration of Multiple Vision Algorithms for Head Tracking (1999)

We describe a head-tracking system that harnesses Bayesian modality fusion, a technique for integrating the analyses of multiple visual tracking algorithms within a probabilistic framework. At the heart of the approach is a Bayesian network model that includes random variables that serve as context-sensitive indicators of reliability of the different tracking algorithms. Parameters of the Bayesian model are learned from data in an offline training phase using ground-truth data from a Polhemus tracking device. In our implementation for a real-time head tracking task, algorithms centering on color, motion, and background subtraction modalities are fused into a single estimate of head position in an image. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of Bayesian modality fusion in environments undergoing a variety of visual perturbances.
Liquid-assisted diffusion bonding of NiAl (1994)

A new isothermal joining method is investigated which could allow full utilization of the high temperature properties of advanced intermetallic alloys, such as NiAl, by producing joint compositions which match the parent material after bonding. In this method, interlayers of the parent material constituents are pre-placed in stoichiometric proportions on the surfaces to be joined. Bonding occurs without the application of pressure by raising the temperature above the liquidus of the lower melting constituent. The constituents then interdiffuse to produce the parent material phase and homogenize to the proper stoichiometry. This method differs from conventional liquid-assisted diffusion bonding in that no foreign melting-point depressants are added. Interrupted bonding treatments were used to characterize the kinetics of the isothermal solidification and homogenization processes in NiAl couples, and the compositional profiles of the bond region were characterized by electron probe microanalysis. Homogenization, as defined by the Ni and Al concentration maxima, follows a logarithmic time dependence once the bond region becomes single-phase NiAl.
Calcification of matrix vesicles in human aortic valve and aortic media. (1976)

Calcification of human aortic valve and aortic media occurs regularly, increases with age, and is distinctively associated with a zone of lipid accumulation. Ultrastructurally, the accumulated lipids are seen as cellular degradation products derived from senescent and degenerate fibrocytes and smooth muscle cells. The products when deposited in the matrix are morphologically similar to the matrix vesicles described in other calcifying tissues, and serve as the initial site of calcification rather than collagen or elastic fibers. Scattered among the smaller and more typical matrix vesicles, there are seen frequently giant vesicle-like structures measuring several microns in diameter. Many of these large calcified bodies contain needle-shaped, radially arranged apatite crystal deposits. Some of the large calcifying bodies are bounded by folded structures suggesting a membrane component, at times obscured by a more dense floccular osmiophilic deposition. Alcianophilic apparent proteoglycan particles are also adherent to these large calcified bodies. The substance forming the large calcified bodies might be a complex of phospholipids derived from cell membrane and proteoglycan derived from ground substance, this combination possible serving as a nidus for calcification.
Functional interaction between nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase type 1 (NIPP1) and protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) in Drosophila: consequences of over-expression of NIPP1 in flies and suppression by co-expression of PP1 (2002)

The catalytic subunit of type 1 Ser/Thr protein phosphatases (PP1c) forms complexes with many proteins that target it to particular subcellular locations and regulate its activity towards specific substrates. We report the identification of a Drosophila orthologue of nuclear inhibitor of PP1 (NIPP1Dm) through interaction with PP1c in the yeast two-hybrid system. NIPP1Dm shares many properties with mammalian NIPP1 including inhibition of PP1c in vitro, binding to RNA and PP1c, and localization to nuclear speckles. However, the mechanism controlling interaction of PP1c with NIPP1 is not conserved in Drosophila. NIPP1 can function independently of PP1c as a splicing factor, but the relative importance of this function is unknown. Over-expression of NIPP1Dm in Drosophila is cell-lethal in a range of tissues and developmental stages. The effects of ectopic NIPP1Dm are suppressed by co-expression of PP1c, indicating that the only effect of ectopic NIPP1Dm is to affect PP1c function. Co-expression of NIPP1Dm and PP1c does not have any detectable physiological effect in vivo, suggesting that the NIPP1Dm-PP1c holoenzyme is not normally limiting in Drosophila. These data show that NIPP1Dm and PP1c interact in vivo and suggest that NIPP1's role as a phosphatase regulator is conserved in Drosophila.
A 5′-uridine amplifies miRNA/miRNA* asymmetry in Drosophila by promoting RNA-induced silencing complex formation (2011)

We suggest that recognition of the 5'-U enhances Argonaute loading by a mechanism distinct from its contribution to weakening base pairing at the 5'-end of the prospective miRNA and, as recently proposed in Arabidopsis and in humans, that it improves miRNA precision by excluding incorrectly processed molecules bearing other 5'-nt.
Palladium-Catalyzed C−O Coupling Involving Unactivated Aryl Halides. Sterically Induced Reductive Elimination To Form the C−O Bond in Diaryl Ethers (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPalladium-Catalyzed C−O Coupling Involving Unactivated Aryl Halides. Sterically Induced Reductive Elimination To Form the C−O Bond in Diaryl EthersGrace Mann, Christopher Incarvito, Arnold L. Rheingold, and John F. HartwigView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Yale University P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107 Department of Chemistry, University of Delaware Newark, Delaware 19716 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 13, 3224–3225Publication Date (Web):March 17, 1999Publication History Received17 December 1998Published online17 March 1999Published inissue 1 April 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/ja984321aCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views7142Altmetric-Citations377LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (127 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Catalysts,Ethers,Ligands,Reductive elimination Get e-Alerts
Functional gastroduodenal disorders (1999)

While widely used in research, the 1991 Rome criteria for the gastroduodenal disorders, especially symptom subgroups in dyspepsia, remain contentious. After a comprehensive literature search, a consensus-based approach was applied, supplemented by input from international experts who reviewed the report. Three functional gastroduodenal disorders are defined. Functional dyspepsia is persistent or recurrent pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen; evidence of organic disease likely to explain the symptoms is absent, including at upper endoscopy. Discomfort refers to a subjective, negative feeling that may be characterized by or associated with a number of non-painful symptoms including upper abdominal fullness, early satiety, bloating, or nausea. A dyspepsia subgroup classification is proposed for research purposes, based on the predominant (most bothersome) symptom: (a) ulcer-like dyspepsia when pain (from mild to severe) is the predominant symptom, and (b) dysmotility-like dyspepsia when discomfort (not pain) is the predominant symptom. This classification is supported by recent evidence suggesting that predominant symptoms, but not symptom clusters, identify subgroups with distinct underlying pathophysiological disturbances and responses to treatment. Aerophagia is an unusual complaint characterized by air swallowing that is objectively observed and troublesome repetitive belching. Functional vomiting refers to frequent episodes of recurrent vomiting that is not self-induced nor medication induced, and occurs in the absence of eating disorders, major psychiatric diseases, abnormalities in the gut or central nervous system, or metabolic diseases that can explain the symptom. The current classification requires careful validation but the criteria should be of value in future research.
The Mast Cell in Inflammatory Arthritis (2003)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic destructive disease of joints, characterized by inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, and abnormal cellular and humoral immune responses. Although several types of cells have been proposed to trigger synovial inflammation, the etiologic process and pathogenesis of the disease remain controversial. But, as indicated by a recent study by Lee et al.,1 the mast cell is emerging as a key player in the erosive and inflammatory events leading to joint destruction (Figure 1).The inflammatory processes that result in rheumatoid arthritis are multifactorial, involving complex interactions among the cytokine network, autoantibodies, and the complement cascade. Various mediators are . . .