gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase II study of capecitabine and irinotecan combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer (2006)

14037 Background: Several studies have shown the efficacy of capecitabine and irinotecan combination chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer, while no results have yet been reported for advanced gastric cancer. Accordingly, the current study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination regimen of capecitabine plus irinotecan in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Methods: Patients with previously untreated metastatic or recurrent, measurable gastric cancer received oral capecitabine 1000 mg/m 2 twice daily from day 1 to 14 and intravenous irinotecan 100 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8, based on a 3-week cycle. Results: Forty-one patients were enrolled in the current study, among whom 38 were assessable for efficacy and 40 assessable for toxicity. Three complete responses and 16 partial responses were confirmed, giving an overall response rate of 46.3%. At a median follow-up of 269 days, the median time to progression and overall survival were 5.1 months and 8.6 months, respectively. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 4 patients and grade 3 febrile neutropenia was observed in 2 patients. Grade 3 diarrhea and grade 2 hand-foot syndrome occurred in 6 patients and 8 patients, respectively. Conclusions: The combination of capecitabine and irinotecan was found to be well tolerated and effective in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Accordingly, this regimen can be regarded as an important first-line treatment option for advanced gastric cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Optimal detection of objects in images and videos using electroencephalography (EEG) (2011)

The Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) protocol for EEG has recently been discovered as a useful tool for highthroughput filtering of images into simple target and nontarget categories [1]. This concept can be extended to the detection of objects and anomalies in images and videos that are of interest to the user (observer) in an applicationspecific context. For example, an image analyst looking for a moving vehicle in wide-area imagery will consider such an object to be target or Item Of Interest (IOI). The ordering of images in the RSVP sequence is expected to have an impact on the detection accuracy. In this paper, we describe an algorithm for learning the RSVP ordering that employs a user interaction step to maximize the detection accuracy while simultaneously minimizing false alarms. With user feedback, the algorithm learns the optimal balance of image distance metrics in order to closely emulate the human's own preference for image order. It then employs the fusion of various perceptual and bio-inspired image metrics to emulate the human's sequencing ability for groups of image chips, which are subsequently used in RSVP trials. Such a method can be employed in human-assisted threat assessment in which the system must scan a wide field of view and report any detections or anomalies to the landscape. In these instances, automated classification methods might fail. We will describe the algorithm and present preliminary results on real-world imagery.
Temperature-Controlled Diffusion in PNIPAM-Modified Silica Inverse Opals (2016)

We report a new strategy for the preparation of well-defined and mechanically stable porous nanostructures with tunable porosity. Silica inverse opals, which are known as a model system for a porous periodic nanostructure, were grafted with brushes of the thermoresponsive poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) grown via atom transfer radical polymerization. By tuning the temperature, the swelling state of the brush layer is reversibly altered, and with this we were able to control the overall porosity of the system and, thus, the mobility of small penetrants. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, a method combining single molecule sensitivity with small probing volume (<1 μm<sup>3</sup>), was used to directly monitor and quantify in situ the changes in the penetrants' mobility.
Surgery of the hip and knee in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (1973)

In ten years, at one hospital, 151 patients had 274 surgical procedures in an effort at rehabilitation for ambulation. Follow-up was a minimum of one year. Each operation was evaluated separately. Hip operations numbered eighty-four and knee operations 190, and ninety-six patients had significant complications, most of which compromised the success of the operation. Recrudescence of disease occurred in 21 per cent of patients who had synovectomy, debridement, or osteotomy. Technical failures, failures because of poor patient selection, and so on, also obtained so that the total number of failures was ninety-four, reduced to fifty-five by additional surgery.
Carried Load Measurement Based on Gait Analysis and Human Kinetics (2008)

As a means of biometric identification, gait analysis has attracted much attention in both research and industry. Most methods focus on human posture identification, tracking and medicine treatment assistant. Few methods, however, investigate the relationship between the load carried by an individual and the characteristics of his/her gait. In this paper, we present a method to estimate the weight of the carried load from a sequence of video images. We analyze the shifts of an individual's center of gravity based on human kinetics. Relationships between the carried weight, leaning angles, mass of the individual and the position of the load are established and the estimate error is reduced using the statistical average. This method is then verified using theoretical and curve fitting experiments.
Influence of Hypothermia on Pancreatic Function (1961)

Symbas, P. N. M.D.; Byrd, B. F. Jr. M.D.; Johnson, J. S. -, B.A.; YOUNGER, RACHEL B.A.; Foster, J. H. M.D. Author Information
Mutational and Biological Analysis of α-Actinin-4 in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (2005)

Mutations in the alpha-actinin-4 gene (ACTN4) cause an autosomal dominant form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). A mutational analysis was performed of ACTN4 in DNA from probands with a family history of FSGS as well as in individuals with nonfamilial FSGS. The possible contribution of noncoding variation in ACTN4 to the development of FSGS also was assessed. Multiple nucleotide variants were identified in coding and noncoding sequence. The segregation of nonsynonymous coding sequence variants was examined in the relevant families. Only a small number of nucleotide changes that seemed likely to be causing (or contributing to) disease were identified. Sequence changes that predicted I149del, W59R, V801M, R348Q, R837Q, and R310Q changes were identified. For studying their biologic relevance and their potential roles in the pathogenesis of FSGS, these variants were expressed as GFP-fusion proteins in cultured podocytes. F-actin binding assays also were performed. Three of these variants (W59R, I149del, and V801M) showed clear cellular mislocalization in the form of aggregates adjacent to the nucleus. Two of these mislocalized variants (W59R and I149del) also showed an increased actin-binding activity. The I149del mutation segregated with disease; W59R was found to be a de novo mutation in the proband. A total of five ACTN4 mutations that are believed to be disease causing (three reported previously and two novel) as well as a number of variants with unclear contribution to disease now have been identified. The possibility that some of these other variants increase the susceptibility to FSGS cannot be excluded. ACTN4 mutations seem to account for approximately 4% of familial FSGS.
Estimation of viscoelastic attenuation of real seismic data by use of ray tracing software: Application to the detection of gas hydrates and free gas (2012)

Analysis of P wave velocity profiles and seismic data recorded over the 2002 Hydratech cruise conducted in the Storegga region, North of Norway, has shown the existence of anomalies (a velocity decrease) in some layers of the medium. An elastic propagation model is not sufficient to explain clearly these anomalies, since the viscoelastic attenuation, represented by the quality factor Q P , is sensitive to physical phenomena of geological media. The combination of the quality factor profile with the velocity profile leads to realistic explanations of these anomalies. In this article, we explain the procedure which we developed for determining the Q P profile from the P wave velocity profile and the seismic data recorded during Hydratech cruise. Both the Q P and velocity profiles indicate anomalies in the same layers. Based on previous studies, we interpret that these anomalies are being due to existence of gas hydrates and free gas within these layers.
Resting Microglial Cells Are Highly Dynamic Surveillants of Brain Parenchyma in Vivo (2005)

Microglial cells represent the immune system of the mammalian brain and therefore are critically involved in various injuries and diseases. Little is known about their role in the healthy brain and their immediate reaction to brain damage. By using in vivo two-photon imaging in neocortex, we found that microglial cells are highly active in their presumed resting state, continually surveying their microenvironment with extremely motile processes and protrusions. Furthermore, blood-brain barrier disruption provoked immediate and focal activation of microglia, switching their behavior from patroling to shielding of the injured site. Microglia thus are busy and vigilant housekeepers in the adult brain.
Structure of human lactoferrin at 3.2-A resolution. (1987)

The three-dimensional structure of human milk lactoferrin, a member of the transferrin family, has been determined crystallographically at 3.2-A resolution. The molecule has two-fold internal homology. The N- and C-terminal halves form two separate globular lobes, connected by a short alpha-helix, and carry one iron-binding site each. Each lobe has the same folding, based on two domains of similar supersecondary structure, with the iron site at the domain interface. Each iron atom is coordinated by four protein ligands: two tyrosines, one histidine, and one aspartate. A probable CO3(2-) (or HCO3-) ion is suggested by the electron density, bound to iron and adjacent to an arginine side chain and a helix N terminus. The protein folding and location of the binding sites show marked similarities with those of other binding proteins, notably the sulfate-binding protein from Salmonella typhimurium.
Tire Changes, Fresh Air, and Yellow Flags: Challenges in Predictive Analytics for Professional Racing (2014)

Our goal is to design a prediction and decision system for real-time use during a professional car race. In designing a knowledge discovery process for racing, we faced several challenges that were overcome only when domain knowledge of racing was carefully infused within statistical modeling techniques. In this article, we describe how we leveraged expert knowledge of the domain to produce a real-time decision system for tire changes within a race. Our forecasts have the potential to impact how racing teams can optimize strategy by making tire-change decisions to benefit their rank position. Our work significantly expands previous research on sports analytics, as it is the only work on analytical methods for within-race prediction and decision making for professional car racing.
Equilibrium Studies of Extraction of Levulinic Acid by (Trioctylamine (TOA) + Ester) Solvents (2008)

Reactive extraction of levulinic acid has been done at 298.15 K. All experiments are reported on the extraction of levulinic acid by trioctylamine (TOA) dissolved in 11 different ester solvents (ethyl propionate, dimethyl phthalate, hexyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, dimethyl adipate, propyl acetate,, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl fumarate, diethyl sebacate, and diethyl carbonate), as well as single solvents. Experimental results of batch extraction experiments are calculated and reported as distribution coefficients (KD= c̅HA/cHA,total), loading factors (TT), stoichiometric loading factor (TS), separation factor (Sf), and extraction efficiency (E). The diethyl carbonate was found to be the most effective solvent with a maximum distribution value of 5.75. Maximum values of possible equilibrium complexation constants for (acid + amine) (1:1) K11 and (2:1) K21 were determined as 3.32 and 32.59 for diethyl carbonate, respectively.
Non-cell-autonomous activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling mediates FGF19-driven hepatocarcinogenesis (2017)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary malignancy of the liver, is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19) is one of the most frequently amplified genes in HCC patients. Moreover, mice expressing an FGF19 transgene have been shown to develop HCC. However, the downstream signalling pathways that mediate FGF19-dependent tumorigenesis remain to be deciphered. Here we show that FGF19 triggers a previously unsuspected, non-cell-autonomous program to activate STAT3 signalling in hepatocytes through IL-6 produced in the liver microenvironment. We show that the hepatocyte-specific deletion of Stat3, genetic ablation of Il6, treatment with a neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibody or administration of a small-molecule JAK inhibitor, abolishes FGF19-induced tumorigenesis, while the regulatory functions of FGF19 in bile acid, glucose and energy metabolism remain intact. Collectively, these data reveal a key role for the IL-6/STAT3 axis in potentiating FGF19-driven HCC in mice, a finding which may have translational relevance in HCC pathogenesis.
Models for the Population Dynamics of the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti (1984)

On note des fluctuations dans la taille des populations adultes et une forte mortalite larvaire
Surface and Interface Control on Photochemically Initiated Immobilization (2006)

Surface and interface properties are important in controlling the yield and efficiency of the photochemically initiated immobilization. Using a silane-functionalized perfluorophenyl azide (PFPA-silane) as the photoactive cross-linker, the immobilization of polymers was studied by adjusting the density of the surface azido groups. Dilution of the photolinker resulted in a gradual decrease in the density of surface azido groups as well as the thickness of the immobilized film. When a nonphotoactive silane was added to PFPA-silane, the film thickness decreased more rapidly, suggesting that the additive competed with PFPA-silane and effectively reduced the density of the surface azido groups. The effect of surface topography was studied by adding a nonphotoactive silane with either a shorter (n-propyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS)) or a longer spacer (n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODTMS)). In most cases the long chain ODTMS shielded the surface azido groups, resulting in a more rapid decrease in film thickness as compared to PTMS treated under the same conditions. As the density of the surface azido groups decreased, the immobilized polymer changed from smooth films to patched structures and, eventually, single polymer molecules.
IL-17A is increased in the serum and in spinal cord CD8 and mast cells of ALS patients (2010)

The contribution of inflammation to neurodegenerative diseases is increasingly recognized, but the role of inflammation in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) is not well understood and no animal model is available. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to measure the cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in the serum of ALS patients (n = 32; 28 sporadic ALS (sALS) and 4 familial ALS (fALS)) and control subjects (n = 14; 10 healthy subjects and 4 with autoimmune disorders). IL-17A serum concentrations were 5767 ± 2700 pg/ml (mean ± SEM) in sALS patients and 937 ± 927 pg/ml in fALS patients in comparison to 7 ± 2 pg/ml in control subjects without autoimmune disorders (p = 0.008 ALS patients vs. control subjects by Mann-Whitney test). Sixty-four percent of patients and no control subjects had IL-17A serum concentrations > 50 pg/ml (p = 0.003 ALS patients vs. healthy subjects by Fisher's exact test). The spinal cords of sALS (n = 8), but not control subjects (n = 4), were infiltrated by interleukin-1β- (IL-1β-), and tumor necrosis factor-α-positive macrophages (co-localizing with neurons), IL-17A-positive CD8 cells, and IL-17A-positive mast cells. Mononuclear cells treated with aggregated forms of wild type superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) showed induction of the cytokines IL-1β, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-23 (IL-23) that may be responsible for induction of IL-17A. In a microarray analysis of 28,869 genes, stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by mutant superoxide dismutase-1 induced four-fold higher transcripts of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, CCL20, matrix metallopeptidase 1, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 in mononuclear cells of patients as compared to controls, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) was increased in mononuclear cells of control subjects. Aggregated wild type SOD-1 in sALS neurons could induce in mononuclear cells the cytokines inducing chronic inflammation in sALS spinal cord, in particular IL-6 and IL-17A, damaging neurons. Immune modulation of chronic inflammation may be a new approach to sALS.
DIGITAL FX!32 running 32-bit ×86 applications on alpha NT (1997)

DIGITAL FX!32 is a unique combination of emulation and binary translation which makes it so that any 32-bit program that runs on an x86 system running Windows NT 4.0 will install and run on an Alpha Windows NT 4.0 system. After translation, x86 applications run as fast under DIGITAL FX!32 on a 500Mz Alpha system as on a 200Mz Pentium-Pro.

The emulator and its associated runtime provide for transparent execution of x86 applications. The emulator uses translation results when they are available and produces profile data for use by the translator. The translator provides native Alpha code for the portions of an x86 application which have been previously executed. A server manages the translation process for the user, making the overall process completely transparent.

This paper focuses on the ways in which DIGITAL FX!32 achieves its transparency when running on an unmodified NT system.
Magnetic Enhancement of Cell Retention, Engraftment, and Functional Benefit after Intracoronary Delivery of Cardiac-Derived Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Ischemia/Reperfusion (2012)

The efficiency of stem cell transplantation is limited by low cell retention. Intracoronary (IC) delivery is convenient and widely used but exhibits particularly low cell retention rates. We sought to improve IC cell retention by magnetic targeting. Rat cardiosphere-derived cells labeled with iron microspheres were injected into the left ventricular cavity of syngeneic rats during brief aortic clamping. Placement of a 1.3 Tesla magnet ~1 cm above the heart during and after cell injection enhanced cell retention at 24 h by 5.2-6.4-fold when 1, 3, or 5 × 10(5) cells were infused, without elevation of serum troponin I (sTnI) levels. Higher cell doses (1 or 2 × 10(6) cells) did raise sTnI levels, due to microvascular obstruction; in this range, magnetic enhancement did not improve cell retention. To assess efficacy, 5 × 10(5) iron-labeled, GFP-expressing cells were infused into rat hearts after 45 min ischemia/20 min reperfusion of the left anterior coronary artery, with and without a superimposed magnet. By quantitative PCR and optical imaging, magnetic targeting increased cardiac retention of transplanted cells at 24 h, and decreased migration into the lungs. The enhanced cell engraftment persisted for at least 3 weeks, at which time left ventricular remodeling was attenuated, and therapeutic benefit (ejection fraction) was higher, in the magnetic targeting group. Histology revealed more GFP(+) cardiomyocytes, Ki67(+) cardiomyocytes and GFP(-)/ckit(+) cells, and fewer TUNEL(+) cells, in hearts from the magnetic targeting group. In a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion injury, magnetically enhanced intracoronary cell delivery is safe and improves cell therapy outcomes.
Efficient 1-Step Radiolabeling of Monoclonal Antibodies to High Specific Activity with 225Ac for α-Particle Radioimmunotherapy of Cancer (2014)

We have characterized an efficient, 1-step radiolabeling method that produces stable, therapeutically active conjugates of antibodies with (225)Ac at high specific activity. We propose that this technology greatly expands the possible clinical applications of (225)Ac monoclonal antibodies.
Isolation of Mitochondria from the CNS (2010)

This unit contains a protocol describing the isolation of brain mitochondria by using discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation. The Percoll density gradient centrifugation separates synaptosomes, myelin, and free nonsynaptic mitochondria released from cells during tissue homogenization into individual fractions. Mitochondria entrapped in synaptosomes (synaptic mitochondria) can be liberated using nitrogen cavitation and then further purified by Percoll gradient centrifugation. These methods yield mitochondria that exhibit good respiratory coupling and high respiratory rates.
Clinical Analysis of Kawasaki Disease Complicating With Infection: 261 Cases (2012)

Objective
To analyze clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment methods and prognosis of children with Kawasaki disease (KD) combined with infection.


Methods
Clinical data, follow-up data and treatment data for 261 KD children who recurited into the Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital from January 2003 to January 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether amalgamative infection, they were divided into infection group (n=65, 24.9%) and non-infection group (n=196, 75.1%). According to KD types, they were further divided into typical KD group (n=184, 70.5%) and incomplete KD group (n=77, 29.5%). According to whether coincident coronary artery lesions (Cals), they were further divided into Cals group (n=24) and no-Cals group (n=237). This study followed procedures with the committee for human trials of the ethical standards, get the commission for approval, group the consent of the subjects of the guardian informed consent, and its clinical research informed agreement signed. There had no significance difference on gender, median age, and whether combined with other disease between infection group and non-infection group, typical KD group and incomplete KD group, and Cals group and no-Cals group (P>0.05).


Results
Among these 261 cases, incidence rates of KD children with infection had significant difference between different age groups (P 0.05).


Conclusions
Infections are common at the diagnosis of KD but infections do not affect the prognosis. Reasonable examination and antibiotics is useful to cure KD with infection.


Key words: 
Kawasaki disease; infection; coronary artery lesions; child