gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experience with a Large Dose (500 MG) of Intravenous Iron Dextran and Iron Saccharate in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (2001)

Our study indicates that IV iron in PD patients is effective in restoring iron stores and in decreasing EPO requirements. One anaphylactic reaction occurred in each group. Our data suggest that as much caution be exercised with iron saccharate as with iron dextran. The slight trend toward increased peritonitis rates after iron infusions needs to be investigated in a larger group of patients.
Identification by cDNA microarray of genes involved in ovarian carcinogenesis. (2000)

To identify genes involved in the development or progression of ovarian cancer, we analyzed gene expression profiles of nine ovarian tumors using a DNA microarray consisting of 9121 genes. Comparison of expression patterns between carcinomas and the corresponding normal ovarian tissues enabled us to identify 55 genes that were commonly up-regulated and 48 genes that were down-regulated in the cancer specimens. When the five serous adenocarcinomas were analyzed separately from the four mucinous adenocarcinomas, we identified 115 genes that were expressed differently between the two types of tumor. Investigation of these genes should help to disclose the molecular mechanism(s) of ovarian carcinogenesis and define molecular separation of the two most common histological types of ovarian cancer.
Rapid electroblotting of small DNA fragments from polyacrylamide gels. (1991)

With the recent advances in PCR technology, the need for a simplified analysis of small double-stranded DNA fragments (less than 1.5 kb) has increased dramatically. An easy and rapid procedure has been developed for the separation, transfer and probe analysis of small double-stranded DNA fragments from polyacrylamide gels.
Reactive Polymer Coatings:  A Platform for Patterning Proteins and Mammalian Cells onto a Broad Range of Materials (2002)

We report a procedure for surface modification based on chemical vapor deposition polymerization of functionalized [2.2]paracyclophanes that is essentially substrate-independent. Poly(p-xylylene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride) and poly[p-xylylene carboxylic acid pentafluorophenolester-co-p-xylylene] are examined as templates for cell patterning. Both reactive coatings are deposited on poly(tetrafluoroethylene), polyethylene, silicon, gold, stainless steel, and glass and show excellent adhesion when deposited in thin films (ca. 100 nm) under optimized polymerization conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and grazing angle infrared spectroscopy have been used to confirm chemical homogeneity in both cases. Reactive coatings are subsequently patterned by microcontact printing of an amino-terminated biotin ligand and serve as templates for layer-by-layer self-assembly. Streptavidin selectively binds to the biotin-exposing surface regions and allows surface confinement of a biotin-tethered antibody against α5-integrin. The specific interaction of this antibody with endothelial cells results in spatially directed deposition of mammalian cells. Fluorescence microscopy is used to verify accurate self-assembly at each step. Although both reactive coatings differ in how they chemically bind biomolecules, their ability to support formation of pattern by microcontact printing is similar.
High density stand alone-fram (2001)

Abstract Ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) has been pursed as a new standalone memory due to its ideal memory properties such as fast random access in read/write mode and non-volatility with unlimited usage. However, FRAM has only achieved a limited success in limited applications because current FRAM is far behind its inherently outstanding properties. Recently, mega-bit density scaled FRAMs have been developed for creating big market. Many essential technologies have been built with the mega-bit density devices. Among those technologies, 1T1C COB (capacitor over bit line) cell structure is the most important because it can greatly reduce the cell size of FRAM compared to previous and current 2T2C FRAM. Although the recent demonstration gives a promising future for stand-alone FRAM application, current 1T1C COB FRAM still has incomparably large cell size factor compared to DRAM and Flash. This is one of the most challenging issues that FRAM faces for developing high-density stand-alone memory. Besides, there are still several design issues to be optimized for better performance and better reliability such as longer endurance and better retention. In this paper, the present status of high density FRAM technology will be firstly reviewed and the issues of current high density FRAM will be discussed with the possible solutions. Finally future technology will be projected.
Markers of circulating tumour cells in the peripheral blood of patients with melanoma correlate with disease recurrence and progression (2012)

Circulating tumour cells were detectable at all stages of disease and long after surgical treatment, even when patients were considered disease free. Specifically, expression of ABCB5 and MLANA had significant prognostic value in inferring disease recurrence, while MCAM expression was associated with poor patient outcome after treatment, confirming multimarker qRT-PCR as a potential technique for monitoring disease status.
The Detrimental Effects of Prolonged Hypothermia and Rewarming in the Dog (1980)

The authors had previously observed a deleterious cerebrovascular effect of prolonged hypothermia in primates and cats. In this study they examined the systemic as well as cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic effects of 24 hours of hypothermia in the dog. With decreases in temperature to 29 C, cardiac output (Q) and whole-body oxygen consumption (VO2) initially decreased 52 and 42 per cent, respectively. Thereafter, despite a stable temperature, both Q and VO2 continued to decrease, and at 24 hours values were 7 and 28 per cent of control, respectively, Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygen consumption responded similarly. At 24 hours inhomogeneous perfusion of both brain and skeletal muscle was observed. With rewarming, cardiovascular collapse with severe tissue hypoxia and acidosis developed; CBF became grossly inadequate, resulting in depletion of brain energy stores.
The Scherrer Formula for X-Ray Particle Size Determination (1939)

An exact derivation of the Scherrer equation is given for particles of spherical shape, values of the constant for half-value breadth and for integral breadth being obtained. Various approximation methods which have been used are compared with the exact calculation. The tangent plane approximation of v. Laue is shown to be quite satisfactory, but some doubt is cast on the use of approximation functions. It is suggested that the calculation for the ellipsoidal particle based on the tangent plane approximation will provide a satisfactory basis for future work.
Role for fadR in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (1983)

Escherichia coli K-12 mutants constitutive for the synthesis of the enzymes of fatty acid degradation (fad) synthesize significantly less unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) than do wild-type (fadR+) strains. The constitutive fadR mutants synthesize less UFA than do fadR+) strains both in vivo and in vitro. The inability of fadR strains to synthesize UFAs at rates comparable to those of fadR+ strains is phenotypically asymptomatic unless the fadR strain also carries a lesion in fabA, the structural gene for beta-hydroxydecanoyl-thioester dehydrase. Unlike fadR+ fabA(Ts) mutants, fadR fabA(Ts) strains synthesize insufficient UFA to support their growth even at low temperatures and, therefore, must be supplemented with UFA at both low and high temperatures. The low levels of UFA in fadR strains are not due to the constitutive level of fatty acid-degrading enzymes in these strains. These results suggest that a functional fadR gene is required for the maximal expression of UFA biosynthesis in E. coli.
BDNF and NT-3 rescue sensory but not motoneurones following axotomy in the neonate. (1994)

Following axotomy of the sciatic nerve in the neonatal rat, there is loss of almost half of the sensory neurones of the lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and a similar number of spinal motoneurones. Consistent with effects in vitro, the neurotrophins BDNF and NT-3 have previously been shown to afford partial rescue of motoneurones at 1 week following axotomy. Using stereological quantitative methods we show here that at the longer time point of 3 weeks, local application of BDNF or NT-3 to the proximal stump of a lesioned sciatic nerve failed to rescue motoneurones (44% and 51% loss, respectively), but provided almost complete rescue of the loss of 41% of DRG neurones seen in L4 and L5 of vehicle-treated control animals.
Tandem repeat DNA localizing on the proximal DAPI bands of chromosomes in Larix, Pinaceae (2002)

Repetitive DNA was cloned from HindIII-digested genomic DNA of Larix leptolepis. The repetitive DNA was about 170 bp long, had an AT content of 67%, and was organized tandemly in the genome. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and subsequent DAPI banding, the repetitive DNA was localized in DAPI bands at the proximal region of one arm of chromosomes in L. leptolepis and Larix chinensis. Southern blot hybridization to genomic DNA of seven species and five varieties probed with cloned repetitive DNA showed that the repetitive DNA family was present in a tandem organization in genomes of all Larix taxa examined. In addition to the 170-bp sequence, a 220-bp sequence belonging to the same DNA family was also present in 10 taxa. The 220-bp repeat unit was a partial duplication of the 170-bp repeat unit. The 220-bp repeat unit was more abundant in L. chinensis and Larix potaninii var. macrocarpa than in other taxa. The repetitive DNA composed 2.0-3.4% of the genome in most taxa and 0.3 and 0.5% of the genome in L. chinensis and L. potaninii var. macrocarpa, respectively. The unique distribution of the 220-bp repeat unit in Larix indicates the close relationship of these two species. In the family Pinaceae, the LPD (Larix proximal DAPI band specific repeat sequence family) family sequence is widely distributed, but their amount is very small except in the genus Larix. The abundant LPD family in Larix will occur after its speciation.
Dual-path capacitance compensation network for microelectrode recordings (1980)

Commercially available microelectrode preamplifiers have a built-in capacity compensation circuit. When a shielded cable is utilized to transmit the signal from the microelectrode to the preamplifier the compensative ability of this circuit may be inadequate and may result in a less than desired frequency response. We describe a dual-path capacitance compensation circuit that resolves this problem without impairment of the shielding properties.
Minimum energy mobile wireless networks (1999)

We describe a distributed position-based network protocol optimized for minimum energy consumption in mobile wireless networks that support peer-to-peer communications. Given any number of randomly deployed nodes over an area, we illustrate that a simple local optimization scheme executed at each node guarantees strong connectivity of the entire network and attains the global minimum energy solution for stationary networks. Due to its localized nature, this protocol proves to be self-reconfiguring and stays close to the minimum energy solution when applied to mobile networks. Simulation results are used to verify the performance of the protocol.
Enzymic Transglucosylation Products of Stevioside: Separation and Sweetness-evaluation (1989)

The complete separation and identification of mono-, di- and tri-α-glucosylated products from stevioside with soluble starch and cyclodextringlucosyltransferase were achieved. Evaluation of the sweetness of each product, in comparison with stevioside, revealed the remarkable improvement in both the intensity and character of sweetness of the products, which were mono- and di-glucosylated at the 13-O-β-sophorosyl moiety (4-hydroxyl group of the terminal β-glucosyl unit). Some decrease in the intensity of sweetness was observed for most of the other products, though the quality of taste of all the other products was significantly or slightly improved (Table I).
Localized High Birefringence Induced in SMF-28 Fiber by Femtosecond IR Laser Exposure of the Cladding (2007)

A process for creating a local high fiber birefringence and large variation in refractive-index modulation with a polarization in fiber Bragg gratings using post writing exposures with femtosecond pulses is presented. A birefringence as high as ~8 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> was obtained in the core of SMF-28 fiber by exposing the cladding of the fiber in close proximity to the core/cladding interface with a modulated multibeam interference field created by a phase mask. The birefringence is likely due to the induced stress rather than the direct asymmetric refractive index modification.
X-ray quantum limited portal imaging using amorphous silicon flat-panel arrays (1998)

We have measured the linearity, spatial resolution (MTF), noise (NPS), and signal-to-noise characteristics (DQE) of an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) based on an amorphous silicon flat-panel array. The array has a 128 x 128-pixel matrix and each pixel is 0.75 x 0.75 mm2 in dimension so the array covers an area of 96 x 96 mm2. The array acts like a large area light sensor and records the optical signals generated in a metal plate/phosphor screen x-ray detector when the detector is irradiated by a megavoltage x-ray beam. In addition, approximately 0.5% of the total signal is generated by nonoptical processes. The noise measurements show that the device is quantum noise limited with the noise power generated by the x-ray quanta being up to 100 times greater than the noise added by the external readout electronics and flat-panel light sensor itself. However, the flat-panel light sensor does reduce the spatial resolution (compared to a perfect optical sensor with infinitesimal pixel size) because of its moderate pixel size and because optical spread can occur in the transparent glues used to attach the phosphor screen to the flat-panel light sensor. The response of the sensor is very linear and does not suffer from the glare phenomenon associated with TV camera-based EPIDs--characteristics which suggest that the amorphous silicon EPID will be well suited to transit dosimetry. Nevertheless, some limitations need to be overcome before these devices can be used clinically. These include developing larger flat-panel light sensors, the elimination of "noisy" pixels with high dark signal, and improvements in the uniform sensitivity of the sensors. This last requirement is only needed for transit dosimetry applications where it would greatly simplify calibration of the device. In addition, an image acquisition scheme must be developed to eliminate artifacts created by the pulsed x-ray beam generated by linear accelerators. Despite these limitations, our studies suggest that the amorphous silicon EPIDs are very well suited to portal imaging.
Characterization of five new cell lines derived from human primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system. (1994)

Medulloblastoma (MB) represents the most frequent malignant brain tumor of childhood but only a few cell lines and animal models of this primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) have thus far been established. Using specific cell culture conditions, we were able to derive four human MB cell lines (MHH-MED-1-4) as well as a cell line from a spinal PNET (MHH-PNET-5). The four MB cell lines grew in suspension as floating cell aggregates or as slightly adherent cells. They consisted of undifferentiated cells that did not express markers of late neuronal or glial lineages such as neurofilaments or glial fibrillary acidic protein. They also lacked expression of major histocompatibility complex class I or II antigens on the cell surface. All four MB lines were positive for vimentin and neuron-specific enolase, whereas synaptophysin, neural cell adhesion molecule, galactocerebroside, GD2, GD3, and the A2B5 antigen were expressed inconsistently. In contrast, MHH-PNET-5 grew as adherent monolayer and expressed major histocompatibility complex class I antigen. By cytogenetic analysis, the lines were near diploid with clonal aberrations. The MB lines showed no losses of chromosome arm 17p by either cytogenetic or microsatellite analyses. The cell line MHH-MED-2 exhibited double minute chromosomes, amplification of the c-myc gene, and overexpression of c-myc mRNA and protein. N-myc, p53, and Rb protein expression were unaltered. All four continuously passaged MB cell lines and the MHH-PNET-5 line were xenotransplanted s.c. into athymic mice; three of four MB lines and the spinal PNET line gave rise to tumors. These cell lines will be useful tools for biological and preclinical studies on PNETs.
Cancer-testis antigens and ING1 tumor suppressor gene product are breast cancer antigens: characterization of tissue-specific ING1 transcripts and a homologue gene. (1999)

SEREX (serological analysis of recombinant tumor cDNA expression libraries) has been applied to several different tumor types and has led to the identification of a wide range of tumor antigens. In this study, a breast cancer library and a normal testicular library were analyzed using autologous and allogeneic breast cancer sera. Thirty genes were isolated, including 27 known genes and 3 previously unknown genes. Among the known genes, two cancer-testis (CT) antigens, NY-ESO-1 and SSX2, previously defined by SEREX analysis, were found. In addition, ING1, a candidate breast cancer suppressor gene, was isolated. This ING1 gene product was also recognized by 2 of 14 allogeneic sera from breast cancer patients but not 12 normal adult sera. Comparison of ING1 cDNA from normal and tumor tissues showed no mutation in the index breast cancer case and revealed the presence of at least three different mRNA transcripts with variable transcription initiation sites and exon usage. Tissue-specific expression of these transcripts was found in normal tissues and tumor cell line mRNAs. Furthermore, a novel gene, designated as ING2, sharing 76% nucleotide homology with ING1 was identified in the breast cancer cDNA library. The basis of the immunogenicity of ING1 and the biological role of ING1 and ING2 need further exploration.
Cytoplasmic Localization of Human cdc25C during Interphase Requires an Intact 14-3-3 Binding Site (1999)

cdc25C induces mitosis by activating the cdc2-cyclin B complex. The intracellular localization of cyclin B1 is regulated in a cell cycle-specific manner, and its entry into the nucleus may be required for the initiation of mitosis. To determine the cellular localization of cdc25C, monoclonal antibodies specific for cdc25C were developed and used to demonstrate that in human cells, cdc25C is retained in the cytoplasm during interphase. A deletion analysis identified a 58-amino-acid region (amino acids 201 to 258) in cdc25C that was required for the cytoplasmic localization of cdc25C. This region contained a specific binding site for 14-3-3 proteins, and mutations in cdc25C that disrupted 14-3-3 binding also disrupted the cytoplasmic localization of cdc25C during interphase. cdc25C proteins that do not contain a binding site for 14-3-3 proteins showed a pancellular localization and an increased ability to induce premature chromosome condensation. The cytoplasmic localization of cdc25C was not altered by gamma irradiation or treatment with the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B. These results suggest that 14-3-3 proteins may negatively regulate cdc25C function by sequestering cdc25C in the cytoplasm.
Synthesis of carbon nanotube bridges on patterned silicon wafers by selective lateral growth (2001)

Floated carbon nanotube bridges were synthesized on a patterned silicon wafer by thermal chemical vapor deposition of acetylene. A conventional photolithography was used to define the catalytic nickel line patterns. The carbon nanotubes grow laterally from the side face to side face of the nickel catalyst by a SiO2 vertical growth barrier deposited on the nickel layer. The typical diameter of carbon nanotube bridges is 10–30 nm and it depends on the thickness of the catalytic nickel layer. Our laterally grown carbon nanotubes have a bamboo structure in which the spacing of compartment layers increases with an increase in temperature. We can control the length, linearity, and density of the carbon nanotube bridges by adjusting various synthetic process parameters and find they may possibly be applied to nanoelectronic devices.
Adenosine instead of supranormal potassium in cardioplegic solution preserves endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factor-dependent vasodilation☆ (2007)

Adenosine instead of supranormal potassium in cold crystalloid cardioplegia increases postcardioplegic myocardial blood flow and preserves EDHF-dependent vasodilation.
Steroid 5-alpha Reductase: Two Genes/Two Enzymes (1994)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Human Testis/Sperm-specific Histone H2B (hTSH2B) (2002)

Human sperm, unlike the sperm of other mammals, contain replacement histones with unknown biological functions. Here, we report the identification of the novel human gene coding for a testis/sperm-specific histone H2B (hTSH2B). This variant histone is 85% homologous to somatic H2B and has over 93% homology with the testis H2B of rodents. Using genomic PCR, two genetic alleles of hTSH2B were found in the human population. The hTSH2B gene is transcribed exclusively in testis, and the corresponding protein is also present in mature sperm. We expressed recombinant hTSH2B and identified this protein with a particular H2B subtype expressed in vivo. The subnuclear distribution of H2B variants in sperm was determined using biochemical fractionation and immunoblotting. The H2B variant associated with telomere-binding activity () was solubilized by Triton X-100 or micrococcal nuclease extraction, whereas hTSH2B was relatively tightly bound in nuclei. Immunofluorescence showed that hTSH2B was concentrated in spots located at the basal nuclear area of a subpopulation (20% of cells) of mature sperm. This fact may be of particular importance, because the hTSH2B "positive" and "negative" sperm cells may undergo significantly different decondensation processes following fertilization.
Stem cell factor enhances proliferation, but not maturation, of murine megakaryocytic progenitors in serum-free culture (1992)

The effects of recombinant rat stem cell factor (SCF/c-kit ligand) on murine megakaryocytopoiesis were studied using partially purified bone marrow cells derived from normal and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice in a serum-free culture system. SCF alone did not support the formation of megakaryocyte (M) and granulocyte-macrophage-megakaryocyte (GMM) colonies. However, the addition of SCF to cultures containing interleukin-3 (IL-3) resulted in a significant increase in the number of M and GMM colonies formed by bone marrow cells from normal mice, whereas IL-6 augmented only M colony growth. The stimulatory effect of SCF was approximately three to four times as high as that of IL-6 on the primitive progenitors capable of megakaryocytic-lineage expression derived from 5-FU-treated mice. In addition, SCF, but not IL-6, significantly increased the number of constituent cells in the individual M colonies supported by IL-3. On the other hand, SCF did not exert any effect on the size and DNA content of megakaryocytes in IL-3- dependent M and GMM colonies, whereas IL-6 enhanced the maturation of megakaryocytes. These results suggest that SCF stimulates the proliferative process in megakaryocytic progenitors and that the main activity of IL-6 is the promotion of megakaryocyte maturation.