gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of cause of death in patients with liver diseases: report of 1890 cases (2014)

Objective　To retrospectively analyze the direct cause of death due to liver diseases, and to provide epidemiological data for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. Methods　Data of 1890 patients who died from liver diseases during 2002 to 2012 in 302 Hospital of PLA was retrospectively reviewed and statistically analyzed, including age, gender, etiology, death causes and complications in these patients. Results　The main etiologies of liver diseases in patients who died were chronic hepatitis B virus infection (1170 cases, 61.9%), alcohol abuse (149 cases, 7.9%) and chronic hepatitis C virus infection (116 cases, 6.1%). The main direct death causes of patients with liver diseases were cerebral edema (656 cases, 34.7%), hemorrhagic shock (598 cases, 31.6%) and hepatorenal syndrome (224 cases, 11.9%). When the patients who died were classified according to the degree of liver function failure, namely acute/subacute liver failure (ALF/SALF), acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), chronic liver failure (CLF), and decompensated cirrhosis without liver failure, patients in the former three groups died mainly of hepatic encephalopathy-cerebral edema (49.5%, 43.4% and 40.8% respectively), while patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis died mainly of hemorrhagic shock (41.8%). Conclusion　The main etiology of liver diseases leading to death is chronic hepatitis B virus infection, alcohol abuse and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The direct death causes for liver diseases are cerebral edema, hemorrhagic shock and hepatorenal syndrome.
		
		DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2014.05.13
Alteration of the micro RNA network during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (2013)

An overview of miRNAs altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was established by profiling the hippocampus of a cohort of 41 late-onset AD (LOAD) patients and 23 controls, showing deregulation of 35 miRNAs. Profiling of miRNAs in the prefrontal cortex of a second independent cohort of 49 patients grouped by Braak stages revealed 41 deregulated miRNAs. We focused on miR-132-3p which is strongly altered in both brain areas. Downregulation of this miRNA occurs already at Braak stages III and IV, before loss of neuron-specific miRNAs. Next-generation sequencing confirmed a strong decrease of miR-132-3p and of three family-related miRNAs encoded by the same miRNA cluster on chromosome 17. Deregulation of miR-132-3p in AD brain appears to occur mainly in neurons displaying Tau hyper-phosphorylation. We provide evidence that miR-132-3p may contribute to disease progression through aberrant regulation of mRNA targets in the Tau network. The transcription factor (TF) FOXO1a appears to be a key target of miR-132-3p in this pathway.
Structures of Bu-2313 A and B, New Anti-anaerobic Antibiotics and Syntheses of Their Analogs (1979)

o l i g o s p o r i c actinomycete s t r a i n , No. €864-861, produced two new a n t i b i o t i c s , Bu-2313 A (C27H35NOg) and Bu-2313 B (CZ6Hj3N09).
Fabricating nanopores with diameters of sub-1 nm to 3 nm using multilevel pulse-voltage injection (2014)

To date, solid-state nanopores have been fabricated primarily through a focused-electronic beam via TEM. For mass production, however, a TEM beam is not suitable and an alternative fabrication method is required. Recently, a simple method for fabricating solid-state nanopores was reported by Kwok, H. et al. and used to fabricate a nanopore (down to 2 nm in size) in a membrane via dielectric breakdown. In the present study, to fabricate smaller nanopores stably--specifically with a diameter of 1 to 2 nm (which is an essential size for identifying each nucleotide)--via dielectric breakdown, a technique called "multilevel pulse-voltage injection" (MPVI) is proposed and evaluated. MPVI can generate nanopores with diameters of sub-1 nm in a 10-nm-thick Si3N4 membrane with a probability of 90%. The generated nanopores can be widened to the desired size (as high as 3 nm in diameter) with sub-nanometre precision, and the mean effective thickness of the fabricated nanopores was 3.7 nm.
Cell-free circulating DNA: Diagnostic value in patients with renal cell cancer. (2010)

Cell-free-DNA levels are increased in RCC. The DNA integrity indicates mostly necrotic origin in RCC.
Toward a Carbohydrate-Based HIV-1 Vaccine:  Synthesis and Immunological Studies of Oligomannose-Containing Glycoconjugates (2006)

Human antibody 2G12 is a broadly neutralizing antibody that exerts its anti-HIV activity by targeting a novel oligomannose cluster on HIV-1 gp120. It was previously demonstrated that synthetic oligomannose clusters could mimic the carbohydrate epitope of 2G12 and showed enhanced antigenicity (Wang L. X. et al. (2004) Chem.Biol. 11, 127). This paper describes the synthesis of oligomannose-containing glycoconjugates that include either a carrier protein or a universal T-helper epitope peptide to provide an effective immunogen. It was shown that the synthetic neoglycoconjugates containing oligomannose clusters could be recognized by the human antibody 2G12. Rabbit immunization studies revealed that only a small fraction of antibodies raised by the glycoconjugates was directed to the carbohydrate antigens, with the majority of the IgG type antibodies being directed to the linkers in the conjugates. The anti-sera showed weak cross-reactivity to HIV-1 gp120.
THE EFFECT OF LEAD-VEHICLE SIZE ON DRIVER FOLLOWING BEHAVIOR (2000)

The effect that lead-vehicle size (specifically, height and width) has on a passenger car driver’s gap maintenance under near optimal driving conditions (e.g., daytime, dry weather, free-flowing traffic) was examined. The data were obtained from a random sample of licensed drivers who drove an instrumented passenger car, unaccompanied, as their personal vehicle for two to five weeks. The results show that passenger car drivers followed light trucks at shorter distances than they followed passenger cars by an average of 5.6 m (18.6 ft), but at the same velocities and range-rates. This result is discussed in the context of a passenger car driver’s ability to see beyond the lead vehicle to assess the status of traffic downstream. While it is necessary that following drivers be able to see the stop lamps on lead vehicles, this is not by itself sufficient for safety. The results of this study suggest that knowing the state of traffic beyond the lead vehicle, even by only one additional vehicle, affects gap length. Specifically, it appears that when dimensions of lead vehicles permit following drivers to see through, over, or around them, drivers maintain significantly longer (i.e., safer) distances.
Transformation of Microalgae Using Silicon Carbide Whiskers (2003)

Microalgae are single-celled or colonial photosynthetic organisms that are receiving increasing attention for use their potential usefulness in a number of industrial applications, including bioremediation and the production of high-value specialty chemicals and fuels. The ability to genetically engineer these organisms, in order to study and eventually manipulate then metabolic pathways, would greatly enhance the utility of microalgae as scientifically and industrially important species.
High density lipoproteins and atherosclerosis III : proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Plasma High Density Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, San Antonio, 4-6 March 1992 (1992)

High density lipoprotein gene regulation. Identification of genetic loci contributing to high density lipoprotein metabolism and early atherosclerosis in a mouse model (C.H. Warden et al). Genetics of the lipoprotein lipase/apolipoprotein C-II lipolytic system: Insight from structural and evolutionary considerations (L. Chan). Apolipoprotein AI gene regulation by members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcription factors (S.K. Karathanasis). Genetic variation in mouse apolipoprotein A-IV expression (K. Reue et al). Enzymes affecting high density lipoproteins. Lipase structural domains involved in HDL generation and processing (R.C. Davis and H. Wong). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) transgenic mice: Lipoprotein metabolism and regulation of CETP gene expression (A.R. Tallet al). Molecular defects in the lecithin: Cholesterol acyltranserase gene (J.W. McLean). Regulation of the reaction of high density lipoproteins with lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase (A. Jonas, D.J. Bolin and F.S. Bonelli). High density lipoprotein structure. Modulation of HDL precursor structure and metabolism (A.V. Nichols, E.L. Gong and A.R. Tall). Apolipoprotein A-IV and high density lipoproteins: A tenuous interaction (R.B. Weinberg). Apolipoprotein A-I: Structure, lipid interaction and activation of lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase (Y.L. Marcel et al). Contribution of helix-helix interactions to the stability of apolipoprotein-lipid complexes (M. Rosseneu et al). High density lipoprotein-cell interactions. Cholesterol transport between cells and high density lipoproteins (M.C. Phillips et al). HDL receptor-mediated transport of cholesterol from cells (J.F. Oram et al). ApoA-containing lipoprotein particles: Interactions with HDL binding sites and reverse cholesterol transport (J.-C. Fruchart, G. Ailhaud and P. Denefle). High density lipoprotein-cell interactions (C.J. Fielding et al). Animal models of HDL metabolism and atherosclerosis. HDL metabolism: Studies in transgenic mice (J.L. Breslow). High density lipoprotein subpopulation distribution (S. Eisenberg). Lipoproteins and atherosclerosis in transgenic mice expressing HDL associated apolipoproteins (E. Rubin). Reverse cholesterol transport and physiology. Apolipoprotein E: Structure-function correlations (K.H. Weisgraber, S. Lund-Katz and M.C. Phillips). Mice lacking apolipoprotein A-I and tissues regulated by lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins? (N.E. Miller). Interstitial fluid lipoprotein metabolism (P.S. Roheim et al). Human HDL metabolism and genetics. Determinants of HDL metabolism in subjects with low HDL-C levels (E.A. Brinton, S. Eisenberg and J.L. Breslow). Role of the kidney in increased clearance of apolipoprotein A-I in subjects with reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (B.S. Horowitz et al). Drugs, hormones and epidemiology.
cDNA cloning reveals the molecular structure of a sperm surface protein, PH-20, involved in sperm-egg adhesion and the wide distribution of its gene among mammals. (1990)

Sperm binding to the egg zona pellucida in mammals is a cell-cell adhesion process that is generally species specific. The guinea pig sperm protein PH-20 has a required function in sperm adhesion to the zona pellucida of guinea pig eggs. PH-20 is located on both the sperm plasma membrane and acrosomal membrane. We report here the isolation and sequence of a full-length cDNA for PH-20 (available from EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ under accession number X56332). The derived amino acid sequence shows a mature protein of 468 amino acids containing six N-linked glycosylation sites and twelve cysteines, eight of which are tightly clustered near the COOH terminus. The sequence indicates PH-20 is a novel protein with no relationship to the mouse sperm adhesion protein galactosyl transferase and no significant homology with other known proteins. The two PH-20 populations, plasma membrane and acrosomal membrane, could arise because one form of PH-20 is encoded and differentially targeted at different spermatogenic stages. Alternatively, two different forms of PH-20 could be encoded. Our evidence thus far reveals only one sequence coding for PH-20: Southern blots of guinea pig genomic DNA indicated there is a single PH-20 gene, Northern blots showed a single size PH-20 message (approximately 2.2 kb), and no sequence variants were found among the sequenced cDNA clones. Cross-species Southern blots reveal the presence of a homologue of the PH-20 gene in mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, bovine, monkey, and human genomic DNA, showing the PH-20 gene is conserved among mammals. Since genes for zona glycoproteins are also conserved among mammals, the general features of sperm and zona proteins involved in mammalian sperm-egg adhesion may have been evolutionarily maintained. Species specificity may result from limited changes in these molecules, either in their binding domains or in other regions that affect the ability of the binding domains to interact.
Dynamic mechanical and calorimetric analysis of compression‐molded PLLA of different molecular weights: Effect of thermal treatments (1991)

Abstract The effect of thermal treatment on compression‐molded poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) has been investigated by means of viscosimetric molecular weight ( \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$M_{w_v}$$\end{document} ) determination, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Starting from two initial molecular weight PLLAs, amorphous samples with different \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$M_{w_v}$$\end{document} have been obtained due to degradation occurring during the molding. The crystallization capability of the materials after different thermal treatments has been determined as a function of the molecular weight, and their dynamic mechanical properties have been measured. Initially fully amorphous PLLA matrices attained very high degrees of crystallinity (up to 90%) following different annealing processes. Concomitantly, PLLA degrades due to thermal cleavage of the chains. This is an unavoidable effect that must be taken into consideration when defining the material processing and annealing conditions. Crystallization phenomena occurring in the material during the treatment are clearly documented by DMTA.
Stable‐light‐emitting Escherichia coli as a biosensor (1989)

We have studied possibilities for constructing Escherichia coli strains capable of producing stable light. Light production in E. coli is achieved by cloning the genes encoding bacterial luciferase from Vibrio harveyi. To gain the advantage of sensitive detection of light we transferred the genes under the control of a strong, regulatable promoter system. Stabilization of light produced by E. coli clones was accomplished by finding the optimal plasmid construction and growth conditions as well as suitable measuring buffers. The adjustment of the luciferase synthesis for bioluminescence measurements to a high but not harmful level gives healthy cells and stable luciferase. Cultivation at 30 degrees C in an uninduced state was found to be the most important factor in getting stable-light production. The overall cell metabolism being unstressed gives us the possibility of monitoring cell physiology and factors affecting it via bioluminescence reactions in vivo. To make the results easy to interpret the light emission has to be stable during a measurement period of one to several hours. In the case of the original light-producing bacteria, Vibrio and Photobacterium strains it has not thus far been possible to find conditions where light emission would be stable for several hours. Based on our findings an automated biosensor system can be developed to monitor the effects of biologically active compounds against stable-light-producing bacteria.
Diabetic Retinopathy (2012)

The incidence of diabetes is increasing, but that of diabetic retinopathy is falling, probably owing to better management of glucose levels, lipid abnormalities, and hypertension. Clinical trials of VEGF and PPAR-α inhibitors are improving vision and providing insights into pathogenesis.
Self-association of the “Death Domains” of the p55 Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor and Fas/APO1 Prompts Signaling for TNF and Fas/APO1 Effects (1995)

Signaling by the p55 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and by the structurally related receptor Fas/APO1 is initiated by receptor clustering. Data presented here and in other recent studies (Wallach, D., Boldin, M., Varfolomeev, E. E., Bigda, Y., Camonis, H.J. and Mett, I. (1994) Cytokine 6, 556; Song, H.Y., Dunbar, J.D., and Bonner, D.B. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 22492-22495) indicate that part of that region within the intracellular domains of the two receptors that is involved in signaling for cell death, as well as for some other effects (the "death domain", specifically self-associates. We demonstrate also the expected functional consequence of this association; a mere increase in p55 TNF receptor expression, or the expression just of its intracellular domain, is shown to trigger signaling for cytotoxicity as well as for interleukin 8 gene induction, while expression of the intracellular domain of Fas/APO1 potentiates the cytotoxicity of co-expressed p55 TNF receptor. These findings indicate that the p55 TNF and Fas/APO1 receptors play active roles in their own clustering and suggest the existence of cellular mechanisms that restrict the self-association of these receptors, thus preventing constitutive signaling.
Methylated ubiquitin inhibits cyclin degradation in clam embryo extracts. (1991)

A derivative of ubiquitin in which amino groups were blocked by reductive methylation was used to study the possible role of the ubiquitin pathway in the cell cycle-programmed degradation of cyclin. It was shown previously that methylated ubiquitin can be efficiently ligated to protein substrates, but cannot form polyubiquitin chains. In the well-characterized ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system from reticulocytes, it was found that rates of protein breakdown obtained with methylated ubiquitin are generally slower than those with ubiquitin; and thus, this derivative can be used, in some cases, as an inhibitor of ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. The addition of methylated ubiquitin to a cell-free system from fertilized clam oocytes inhibited the degradation of both cyclins A and B. That this was due to specific interference with ubiquitin function was indicated by the observation that the supplementation of excess ubiquitin completely overcame the inhibitory action of methylated ubiquitin on cyclin degradation. These findings suggest that polyubiquitin chain formation is required for cyclin degradation.
Duplex real-time reverse transcriptase PCR to determine cytokine mRNA expression in a hamster model of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis (2010)

The duplex real-time RT PCR assays provide a powerful approach for the quantification of cytokine transcription in hamsters, and their application to a model of cutaneous leishmaniasis suggests that a balanced type 1 and type 2 cytokine response contributes to the chronic, nonprogressive course of disease. These new molecular tools will further facilitate investigation into the mechanisms of disease in the hamster, not only for models of leishmaniasis, but also for other viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections.
A human homolog of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9 + checkpoint control gene (1996)

The product of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9+ gene is required for cell cycle arrest at the G2 checkpoints in response to incompletely replicated or damaged DNA. We have identified a human cDNA from an infant brain library that is a structural homolog of S. pombe rad9+, by searching the dBest data base for sequences similar to the fission yeast gene. The human gene encodes a 391-amino acid long, 42,520-Da protein that is approximately 25% identical and 52% similar to the yeast protein. The human and yeast gene products demonstrate partial conservation of function, as the human cDNA can rescue to different degrees the sensitivity of S. pombe rad9::ura4+ cells to the DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea and gamma rays, as well as the associated checkpoint controls. These results suggest an underlying conservation of the molecular mechanisms of S and G2 checkpoint control pathways in most if not all eukaryotes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using a fragment of the corresponding human genome as a probe, in conjunction with PCR reactions employing DNA from human X rodent somatic cell hybrids, has localized the gene to human chromosome 11q13.1-13.2. This region contains a number of tumor suppressor loci, and based on the biology of checkpoint control genes, HRAD9 should be considered a strong candidate for one of them.
Chromatography of Explosives (2011)

Post-blast detection of explosives can involve the determination of trace levels of explosives from very di²cult matrices. Evidence submitted in such cases may include swabbings from surfaces, shrapnel, clothing, soil, automobile parts, or building materials. While methods for the detection of explosives have become increasingly selective and sensitive, when confronted with such matrices these procedures may fail due to irreversible absorption, fouling, and overload, resulting in false positive and/or false negative responses.
Cu-Catalyzed Azide−Alkyne Cycloaddition (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTCu-Catalyzed Azide−Alkyne CycloadditionMorten Meldal*† and Christian Wenzel Tornøe‡View Author Information Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark, and H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark* Corresponding author: telephone, +45 3327 4708; fax, +45 3327 501; e-mail, [email protected]†Carlsberg Laboratory.‡H. Lundbeck A/S. E-mail: [email protected].Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 8, 2952–3015Publication Date (Web):August 13, 2008Publication History Received30 November 2007Published online13 August 2008Published inissue 1 August 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0783479https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0783479review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67045Altmetric-Citations3956LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Azides,Hydrocarbons,Peptides and proteins,Polymers,Triazole Get e-Alerts
Iron-regulated outer membrane protein OM2 of Vibrio anguillarum is encoded by virulence plasmid pJM1 (1985)

Vibrio anguillarum 775 harboring the virulence plasmid pJM1 synthesized an outer membrane protein of 86 kilodaltons, OM2, that was inducible under conditions of iron limitation. pJM1 DNA fragments obtained by digestion with restriction endonucleases were cloned into cosmid vectors and transferred into Escherichia coli. The OM2 protein was synthesized in E. coli, demonstrating that it is actually encoded by the pJM1 plasmid. Mobilization of the recombinant plasmids to V. anguillarum was accomplished by using the transfer factor pRK2013. A V. anguillarum exconjugant harboring the recombinant derivative pJHC-T7 and synthesizing the OM2 protein took up 55Fe3+ and grew under iron-limiting conditions, only in presence of the pJM1-mediated siderophore. Exconjugants harboring recombinant plasmids, such as pJHC-T2 which did not encode the OM2 protein, were transport negative. Membrane protein iodination experiments, together with protease treatment of whole cells, indicated that the OM2 protein is exposed to the outside environment of the V. anguillarum cells.